bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental leave uptake among migrant and native mothers: Can precarious employment trajectories account for the difference?
Authors: Kil Tine , Wood Jonas , Neels Karel
Published: June 2017

Family policies such as parental leave schemes increasingly support the work–family balance. Low maternal employment in migrant populations raises questions on family policy uptake among mothers of migrant origin. This study documents differences in parental leave uptake between native and migrant mothers of different origin groups and generations, and assesses the extent to which precarious employment trajectories can account for these differentials. Using longitudinal data from Belgian social security registers, mixed-effects logit models of leave uptake, full-time or part-time leave uptake and the labour market position following leave are estimated for 10,976 mothers who entered parenthood between 2004 and 2010. Results indicate that uptake of parental leave is lower among mothers of migrant origin, since they fail to meet the eligibility criteria as a result of being overrepresented in unstable labour market positions. Whereas differential leave uptake can be accounted for by non-universal eligibility and precarious labour market trajectories, migrant-native differentials in part-time uptake and labour market positions following leave persist when controlling for pre-birth employment characteristics. The differential pattern of leave uptake among first-generation migrant women, in particular, is not explained by pre-birth employment characteristics, as they remain overrepresented in full-time leave, and first-generation mothers of non-European origin more frequently retreat from the labour force following leave. We conclude that difficult access to stable employment and non-universal eligibility are major factors explaining migrant-native differentials in parental leave use. As such, Belgian parental leave policies perpetuate labour market disadvantages by limiting support for work–family reconciliation to those already established in the labour force.
Integral weaving of orthogonal 3D ‘T’ stiffeners based on pleat weaving concept
Authors: Sugun BS , Sandeep DN
Published: June 2017

This paper details about the manufacturability of integrally woven ‘T’ stiffeners using orthogonal weaving technology based on the pleat formation concept. The development was carried out on a customized automatic take-up-at-will rapier weaving machine equipped with multi-beam warp let-off and electronic dobby. Bridging the gap between the base portions of the flange sections and locking the web sections together by using equally spaced intermittent extra warp yarns were the added innovations in the work apart from integral weaving of the ‘T’ stiffener. These innovations were achieved by suitably modifying the weave design. The development comprised a 5-part weave design for the ‘T’ stiffener and was carried out using 6K carbon tows. Calculations for X, Y, Z contents and overall fibre content by volume, from first principles of cloth construction approaches, for the flange and web sections of the ‘T’ profile, have also been included.
Rapidly progressive dementia: an unusual cause
Authors: Takkar Aastha , Singla Veenu , Modi Manish , Gupta Vivek , Goyal Manoj K , Lal Vivek
Published: June 2017

Brain metastases are known to be present with a history of increased intra-cranial pressure headache, seizures or altered sensorium. Corresponding to the clinical brain metastases are the most feared complication of a systemic cancer. Classically, brain metastases are associated with significant morbidity and are known to present with a history of increased intracranial pressure headache, seizures or altered sensorium. Neuroimaging is usually suggestive of massive peri-lesional edema and mass effect surrounding the space occupying lesions. This, however it is not a universal rule. We report a 50-year-old gentleman who presented with rapidly progressive forgetfulness. Interestingly, the patient’s neuroimaging discretely showed disproportionate involvement with regards to the clinical picture. The lesions were finally recognized as metastases underscoring the importance of an avid search for a primary systemic malignancy if similar findings are noted on radiology.
High resolution magnetic resonance imaging for exposing facial nerve zonal vulnerability to microbleeds: A rare cause of facial palsy
Authors: Hsu Charlie Chia-Tsong , Singh Dalveer , Watkins Trevor William , Kwan Gigi Nga Chi , Hapugoda Sachintha
Published: June 2017

Background

We report a case of hypertensive microbleeds strategically located at the attached segment (AS) and root entry zone (REZ) at the left facial nerve causing facial paralysis.

Case Report

A 60-year-old woman presented with sudden onset left facial paralysis. Medical history was significant for poorly controlled hypertension secondary to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (primary hyperaldosteronism). The patient was initially treated for presumptive Bell’s palsy. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and internal auditory canal showed two microbleeds at the left cerebellopontine angle. Dedicated coronal T1 magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo and T2 sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution sequences revealed two acute microbleeds located at the attached AS and REZ of the left facial nerve. The patient experienced only partial recovery from House–Brackmann grade IV facial paralysis at presentation to a House–Brackmann grade III facial paralysis at 1 year of follow up.

Conclusions

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of facial paralysis caused by microbleeds directly affecting the vulnerable AS and REZ facial nerve segments. We discuss the zonal microanatomy of the facial nerve and the crucial role of high resolution MRI for diagnosis.
Warring from the virtual to the real: Assessing the public’s threshold for war over cyber security
Authors: Kreps Sarah , Das Debak
Published: June 2017

Accusations of Russian hacking in the 2016 US presidential election has raised the salience of cyber security among the American public. However, there are still a number of unanswered questions about the circumstances under which particular policy responses are warranted in response to a cyber-attack and the public’s attitudes about the conditions that justify this range of responses. This research investigates the attributes of a cyber-attack that affect public support for retaliation. It finds that cyber-attacks that produce American casualties dramatically increase support for retaliatory airstrikes compared to attacks with economic consequences. Assessments of attribution that have bipartisan support increase support to a lesser extent but for a broader range of retaliatory measures. The findings have important implications for ongoing debates about cyber security policy.
Vitamin D and Its Effects on Articular Cartilage and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Garfinkel Rachel J. , Dilisio Matthew F. , Agrawal Devendra K.
Published: June 2017

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) currently affects 10% of the American population. There has been a recent push to determine exactly what causes OA and how it can be treated most effectively. Serum vitamin D levels have been associated with OA and may have an effect on articular cartilage remodeling.

Purpose:

To critically review the published research on the effect of vitamin D on articular cartilage and the development of OA as well as on the mechanism behind cartilage regeneration and degeneration.

Study Design:

Review.

Methods:

A systematic search of PubMed and the Web of Science was performed for relevant studies published in the English language through April 30, 2016, using the terms vitamin D, articular cartilage, and osteoarthritis.

Results:

On a molecular level, 1α,25(OH)2D3, the activated form of vitamin D, plays a role in articular cartilage degeneration. Vitamin D binds to vitamin D receptors, triggering a signaling cascade that leads to chondrocyte hypertrophy. In clinical trials, vitamin D deficiency poses a risk factor for OA, and those with decreased cartilage thickness are more likely to be vitamin D–insufficient.

Conclusion:

The role of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment or prevention of OA remains uncertain. More research is needed to reconcile these conflicting findings.
Improving Early Reading Skills in Young Children Through an iPad App
Authors: Chai Zhen
Published: June 2017

This study evaluated the effectiveness of using a researcher-developed iPad app with a 0- to 5-s constant time delay procedure to improve phonological awareness skills of young children with mild developmental delays in a small-group arrangement in a rural public elementary school in Southwest United States. The study was conducted using a multiple-probe design across three target phonemes and replicated with three young children. Results indicated all children not only improved their performance on their target phonemes but also learned some of their peers’ target phonemes through observational learning. Implications for using tablet computers in a small-group arrangement are discussed.
Cost-effectiveness of antibiotics for COPD management: observational analysis using CPRD data
Authors: Ronaldson Sarah J. , Raghunath Anan , Torgerson David J. , Van Staa Tjeerd
Published: June 2017

It is often difficult to determine the cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, and antibiotics are frequently prescribed. This study conducted an observational cost-effectiveness analysis of prescribing antibiotics for exacerbations of COPD based on routinely collected data from patient electronic health records.

A cohort of 45 375 patients aged 40 years or more who attended their general practice for a COPD exacerbation during 2000–2013 was identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Two groups were formed (“immediate antibiotics” or “no antibiotics”) based on whether antibiotics were prescribed during the index general practice (GP) consultation, with data analysed according to subsequent healthcare resource use. A cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken from the perspective of the UK National Health Service, using a time horizon of 4 weeks in the base case.

The use of antibiotics for COPD exacerbations resulted in cost savings and an improvement in all outcomes analysed;i.e.GP visits, hospitalisations, community respiratory team referrals, all referrals, infections and subsequent antibiotics prescriptions were lower for the antibiotics group. Hence, the use of antibiotics was dominant over no antibiotics.

The economic analysis suggests that use of antibiotics for COPD exacerbations is a cost-effective alternative to not prescribing antibiotics for patients who present to their GP, and remains cost-effective when longer time horizons of 3 months and 12 months are considered. It would be useful for a definitive trial to be undertaken in this area to determine the cost-effectiveness of antibiotics for COPD exacerbations.
Microdeletion syndromes and psychiatry: An update
Authors: Zhang Melvyn W. B. , Fong Nikki , Quek Ying Hui , Ho Cyrus S. H. , Ng Beng Yeong , Ho Roger C. M.
Published: June 2017

Microdeletion syndrome is an important topic in intellectual disability, associated with various psychiatric symptoms, such as autism, attention deficit, hyperactivity, obsession and compulsion, and psychosis. In this article, we provide a clinical update on the following syndromes and their associated psychiatric disorders: Prader–Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Williams syndrome, Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome,cri du chatsyndrome, DiGeorge syndrome and Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome.

Learning Objectives

• Gain an up-to-date understanding of the microdeletion syndromes commonly seen in daily practice

• Appreciate the association between underlying chromosomal abnormalities and the resultant intellectual disabilities in microdeletion syndromes

• Gain up-to-date knowledge about the treatment options for the various microdeletion syndromes commonly seen in daily practice
Investigation of Two Prototypes of Novel Noncontact Technologies for Automated Real-Time Capture of Incremental Drug Administration Data From Syringes
Authors: Eagle Benjamin , Williams David J. , Dingley John
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:

An ideal electronic anesthesia recording system would be capable of not only recording physiological data but also injectable drug doses given, including those given incrementally from one syringe, without recourse to manual data entry. We compared 2 prototype devices which wirelessly recognized individual syringes and measured changes in their plunger positions via 2 different optical noncontact means, allowing calculation of incremental drug doses given.

METHODS:

Both devices incorporated a radio-frequency identification reader, which wirelessly read a unique code from a radio-frequency identification tag within syringe drug labels. A custom-designed cradle oriented any inserted 1-mL to 20-mL syringe in a repeatable position. The “laser” device had a moving laser beam broken by the end of the syringe plunger. The infrared (IR) device measured time of travel of IR light from a sender to a syringe plunger and back to a receiver. Both devices could therefore determine the drug and volume administered since the previous occasion when any syringe had been used. For each syringe size of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mL, 121 plunger-length measurements were made over their full range, with each machine against a reference method of water filling and weighing using a randomized de Bruijn sequence.

RESULTS:

For every syringe size, the laser device showed greater accuracy and precision, lower bias, and narrower limits of agreement (95% confidence intervals = bias ± 1.96 SD) than the IR device when compared to the reference method. For all syringe sizes, the range of bias was −0.05 to 0.32 mL for the laser and −2.42 to 1.38 mL for the IR. Lin concordance correlation coefficient values for the IR versus reference methods ranged from 0.6259 to 0.9255, with the lowest coefficients seen in syringes with the shortest distance of plunger travel (2 and 5 mL), while in laser versus reference comparisons, these coefficients were similar (0.9641–0.9981) over all syringe lengths.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both devices measured syringe volume changes, demonstrating potential for measuring incremental drug doses, recording these, and also the time of each measurement. The IR device had no moving parts, which would be advantageous in a clinical situation. However, the current embodiment was not deemed accurate enough for clinical use, potentially remediable through improvements in hardware and software design. The laser device showed high accuracy and precision over all syringe sizes and contained volumes, and was considered potentially accurate enough for clinical use with suitable development.
Epidemiologic Analysis of Elective Operative Procedures in Infants Less Than 6 Months of Age in the United States
Authors: Einhorn Lisa M. , Young Brian J. , Routh Jonathan C. , Allori Alexander C. , Tracy Elisabeth T. , Greene Nathaniel H.
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:

This study uses publicly available data to analyze the total number of elective, potentially deferrable operative procedures involving infants <6 months of age in the United States. We investigated the factors associated with the performance of these procedures in this population.

METHODS:

The State Ambulatory Surgery Database was used to identify patients in California, North Carolina, New York, and Utah during the years of 2007–2010 who were younger than 6 months of age at the time that they underwent outpatient (ambulatory) surgery. Operations that could reasonably be postponed until 6 months of age were classified as potentially deferrable procedures. Hernia repairs were analyzed separately from other deferrable procedures. Primary outcomes included the total number of elective procedures and the number and rates of potentially deferrable procedures per state per year in this population.

RESULTS:

Over the study period, a total of 27,540 procedures were identified as meeting inclusion criteria; of those, 7832 (28%) were classified as potentially deferrable, 4315 of which were hernia repairs. The average rates of potentially deferrable nonhernia procedures in California, North Carolina, New York, and Utah were 8.3, 43.8, 30.0, and 11.7 per 10,000 person-years, respectively. In multivariable analysis, private insurance (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36), self-pay status (OR = 1.50), and treatment in a different state (OR = 0.48–3.16) were independent predictors of a potentially deferrable procedure being performed on an infant younger than 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

Potentially deferrable procedures are still performed in infants <6 months of age. There appears to be significant variation in timing of these procedures among states. Insurance status and geography may be independent predictors of a procedure being potentially deferrable.
Apical and basal epitheliomuscular F-actin dynamics duringHydrabud evagination
Authors: Aufschnaiter Roland , Wedlich-Söldner Roland , Zhang Xiaoming , Hobmayer Bert
Published: June 2017

Bending of 2D cell sheets is a fundamental morphogenetic mechanism during animal development and reproduction. A critical player driving cell shape during tissue bending is the actin cytoskeleton. Much of our current knowledge about actin dynamics in whole organisms stems from studies of embryonic development in bilaterian model organisms. Here, we have analysed actin-based processes during asexual bud evagination in the simple metazoan Hydra. We created transgenic Hydra strains stably expressing the actin marker Lifeact-GFP in either ectodermal or endodermal epitheliomuscular cells. We then combined live imaging with conventional phalloidin staining to directly follow actin reorganization. Bending of Hydra's epithelial double layer is initiated by a group of epitheliomuscular cells in the endodermal layer. These cells shorten their apical-basal axis and arrange their basal muscle processes in a circular configuration. We propose that this rearrangement generates the initial forces to bend the endoderm towards the ectoderm. Convergent tissue movement in both epithelial layers towards the centre of evagination then leads to elongation and extension of the bud along its new body axis. Tissue movement into the bud is associated with lateral intercalation of epithelial cells, remodelling of apical septate junctions, and rearrangement of basal muscle processes. The work presented here extends the analysis of morphogenetic mechanisms beyond embryonic tissues of model bilaterians.
Not all cells are equal: effects of temperature and sex on the size of different cell types in the Madagascar ground gecko Paroedura picta
Authors: Czarnoleski Marcin , Labecka Anna Maria , Starostová Zuzana , Sikorska Anna , Bonda-Ostaszewska Elżbieta , Woch Katarzyna , Kubička Lukáš , Kratochvíl Lukáš , Kozlowski Jan
Published: June 2017

Cell size plays a role in evolutionary and phenotypically plastic changes in body size. To examine this role, we measured the sizes of seven cell types of geckos (Paroedura picta) reared at three constant temperatures (24, 27, and 30 °C). Our results show that the cell size varies according to the body size, sex and developmental temperature, but the pattern of this variance depends on the cell type. We identified three groups of cell types, and the cell sizes changed in a coordinated manner within each group. Larger geckos had larger erythrocytes, striated muscle cells and hepatocytes (our first cell group), but their renal proximal tubule cells and duodenal enterocytes (our second cell group), as well as tracheal chondrocytes and epithelial skin cells (our third cell group), were largely unrelated to the body size. For six cell types, we also measured the nuclei and found that larger cells had larger nuclei. The relative sizes of the nuclei were not invariant but varied in a complex manner with temperature and sex. In conclusion, we provide evidence suggesting that changes in cell size might be commonly involved in the origin of thermal and sexual differences in adult size. A recent theory predicts that smaller cells speed up metabolism but demand more energy for their maintenance; consequently, the cell size matches the metabolic demand and supply, which in ectotherms, largely depends on the thermal conditions. The complex thermal dependency of cell size in geckos suggests that further advancements in understanding the adaptive value of cell size requires the consideration of tissue-specific demand/supply conditions.
Three-dimensional structure of the 3′X-tail of hepatitis C virus RNA in monomeric and dimeric states
Authors: Cantero-Camacho Ángel , Fan Lixin , Wang Yun-Xing , Gallego José
Published: June 2017

The 3′X domain is a 98-nt region located at the 3′ end of hepatitis C virus genomic RNA that plays essential functions in the viral life cycle. It contains an absolutely conserved, 16-base palindromic sequence that promotes viral RNA dimerization, overlapped with a 7-nt tract implicated in a distal contact with a nearby functional sequence. Using small angle X-ray scattering measurements combined with model building guided by NMR spectroscopy, we have studied the stoichiometry, structure, and flexibility of domain 3′X and two smaller subdomain sequences as a function of ionic strength, and obtained a three-dimensional view of the full-length domain in its monomeric and dimeric states. In the monomeric form, the 3′X domain adopted an elongated conformation containing two SL1′ and SL2′ double-helical stems stabilized by coaxial stacking. This structure was significantly less flexible than that of isolated subdomain SL2′ monomers. At higher ionic strength, the 3′X scattering envelope nearly doubled its size, reflecting the formation of extended homodimers containing an antiparallel SL2′ duplex flanked by coaxially stacked SL1′ helices. Formation of these dimers could initialize and/or regulate the packaging of viral RNA genomes into virions.
A comunicação museológica e as pedagogias culturais: por um museu educativo em movimento
Authors: Vieira Adriano Barreto
Published: June 2017

Este artigo desenvolve, a partir da contribuição de teóricos dos campos da Museologia e Patrimônio, Estudos Culturais e Educação, uma análise sobre as mudanças conceituais e amplas que ocorreram na Museologia a partir dos anos de 1970, a Nova Museologia, com destaque para a função social dos museus que estão no cerne deste trabalho cujo binômio Educação em museus/Pedagogias Culturais na contemporaneidade possui o conceito de baliza. Com esse intuito é que faremos algumas considerações procurando tecer relações entre a Museologia, Pedagogias Culturais e Educação a partir de conceitos chave como Musealização e Educação em Museus. Fornecer pistas para entender os processos educativos museológicos. Estabelecermos nexos entre o processo museológico e a educação virá a partir de uma dialética de ausências e presenças conceituais, mas a possibilidade de movimentos ressignificantes que perpassam os Museus e também este artigo. Palavras-chave: Museu, Museologia, Educação em museus, Pedagogias culturais.
Mapping of microRNAs related to cervical cancer in Latin American human genomic variants
Authors: Guerrero Flórez Milena , Guerrero Gómez Olivia Alexandra , Mena Huertas Jaqueline , Yépez Chamorro María Clara
Published: June 2017

Background: MicroRNAs are related to human cancers, including cervical cancer (CC), which is mainly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In 2012, approximately 70000 cases and 28000 deaths from this cancer were registered in Latin America according to GLOBOCAN reports. The most frequent genotype worldwide is HPV-16. The main molecular mechanism of HPV in CC is related to integration of viral DNA into the hosts’ genome. However, the different variants in the human genome can result in different integration mechanisms, specifically involving microRNAs (miRNAs).

Methods: miRNA sequences associated with CC and four human genome variants from Latin American populations were obtained from miRBase and the 1000 Genomes Browser, respectively. HPV integration sites near cell cycle regulatory genes were identified. miRNAs were mapped on human genomic variants. miRSNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms in miRNAs) were identified in the miRNA sequences located at HPV integration sites on the human genomic Latin American variants. 

Results: Two hundred seventy-two miRNAs associated with CC were identified in 139 reports from different geographic locations. By mapping with the Blast-Like Alignment Tool (BLAT), 2028 binding sites were identified from these miRNAs on the human genome (version GRCh38/hg38); 42 miRNAs were located on unique integration sites; and miR-5095, miR-548c-5p and miR-548d-5p were involved with multiple genes related to the cell cycle. Thirty-seven miRNAs were mapped on the human Latin American genomic variants (PUR, MXL, CLM and PEL), but only miR-11-3p, miR-31-3p, miR-107, miR-133a-3p, miR-133a-5p, miR-133b, miR-215-5p, miR-491-3p, miR-548d-5p and miR-944 were conserved.

Conclusions: 10 miRNAs were conserved in the four human genome variants, and in the remaining 27 miRNAs, substitutions, deletions or insertions were observed in the nucleotide sequences. This variability can imply differentiated mechanisms towards each genomic variant in human populations, relative to specific genomic patterns and geographic features. These findings may be decisive in determining susceptibility to the development of CC. Further identification of cellular genes and signalling pathways involved in CC progression could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies based on miRNAs.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae show low levels of traversal across the human blood brain barrier in vitro
Authors: Pérez-Torrado Roberto , Querol Amparo
Published: June 2017

Background: Saccharomyces cerevisiaeis generally considered safe, and is involved in the production of many types of foods and dietary supplements. However, some isolates, which are genetically related to strains used in brewing and baking, have shown virulent traits, being able to produce infections in humans, mainly in immunodeficient patients. This can lead to systemic infections in humans.

Methods: In this work, we studiedS. cerevisiaeisolates in anin vitrohuman blood brain barrier model, comparing their behaviour with that of several strains of the related pathogensCandida glabrataandCandida albicans.

Results: The results showed that this food related yeast is able to cross the blood brain barrierin vitro.However, in contrast toC. glabrataandC. albicans,S. cerevisiaeshowed very low levels of traversal.

Conclusions: We conclude that using anin vitrohuman blood brain barrier model withS. cerevisiaecan be useful to evaluate the safety ofS. cerevisiaestrains isolated from foods.
ELIXIR-UK role in bioinformatics training at the national level and across ELIXIR
Authors: Larcombe L. , Hendricusdottir R. , Attwood T.K. , Bacall F. , Beard N. , Bellis L.J. , Dunn W.B. , Hancock J.M. , Nenadic A. , Orengo C. , Overduin B. , Sansone S-A , Thurston M. , Viant M.R. , Winder C.L. , Goble C.A. , Ponting C.P. , Rustici G.
Published: June 2017

ELIXIR-UK is the UK node of ELIXIR, the European infrastructure for life science data. Since its foundation in 2014, ELIXIR-UK has played a leading role in training both within the UK and in the ELIXIR Training Platform, which coordinates and delivers training across all ELIXIR members. ELIXIR-UK contributes to the Training Platform’s coordination and supports the development of training to address key skill gaps amongst UK scientists. As part of this work it acts as a conduit for nationally-important bioinformatics training resources to promote their activities to the ELIXIR community. ELIXIR-UK also leads ELIXIR’s flagship Training Portal, TeSS, which collects information about a diverse range of training and makes it easily accessible to the community. ELIXIR-UK also works with others to provide key digital skills training, partnering with the Software Sustainability Institute to provide Software Carpentry training to the ELIXIR community and to establish the Data Carpentry initiative, and taking a lead role amongst national stakeholders to deliver the StaTS project – a coordinated effort to drive engagement with training in statistics.
Pathogenic mycobacteria achieve cellular persistence by inhibiting the Niemann-Pick Type C disease cellular pathway
Authors: Fineran Paul , Lloyd-Evans Emyr , Lack Nathan A. , Platt Nick , Davis Lianne C. , Morgan Anthony J. , Höglinger Doris , Tatituri Raju Venkata V. , Clark Simon , Williams Ian M. , Tynan Patricia , Al Eisa Nada , Nazarova Evgeniya , Williams Ann , Galione Antony , Ory Daniel S. , Besra Gurdyal S. , Russell David G. , Brenner Michael B. , Sim Edith , Platt Frances M.
Published: June 2017

Background. Tuberculosis remains a major global health concern. The ability to prevent phagosome-lysosome fusion is a key mechanism by which intracellular mycobacteria, includingMycobacterium tuberculosis, achieve long-term persistence within host cells. The mechanisms underpinning this key intracellular pro-survival strategy remain incompletely understood. Host macrophages infected with intracellular mycobacteria share phenotypic similarities with cells taken from patients suffering from Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPC), a rare lysosomal storage disease in which endocytic trafficking defects and lipid accumulation within the lysosome lead to cell dysfunction and cell death. We investigated whether these shared phenotypes reflected an underlying mechanistic connection between mycobacterial intracellular persistence and the host cell pathway dysfunctional in NPC. 

Methods. The induction of NPC phenotypes in macrophages from wild-type mice or obtained from healthy human donors was assessed via infection with mycobacteria and subsequent measurement of lipid levels and intracellular calcium homeostasis. The effect of NPC therapeutics on intracellular mycobacterial load was also assessed. 

Results. Macrophages infected with intracellular mycobacteria phenocopied NPC cells, exhibiting accumulation of multiple lipid types, reduced lysosomal Ca2+levels, and defects in intracellular trafficking. These NPC phenotypes could also be induced using only lipids/glycomycolates from the mycobacterial cell wall. These data suggest that intracellular mycobacteria inhibit the NPC pathway, likely via inhibition of the NPC1 protein, and subsequently induce altered acidic store Ca2+homeostasis. Reduced lysosomal calcium levels may provide a mechanistic explanation for the reduced levels of phagosome-lysosome fusion in mycobacterial infection. Treatments capable of correcting defects in NPC mutant cells via modulation of host cell calcium were of benefit in promoting clearance of mycobacteria from infected host cells. 

Conclusion. These findings provide a novel mechanistic explanation for mycobacterial intracellular persistence, and suggest that targeting interactions between the mycobacteria and host cell pathways may provide a novel avenue for development of anti-TB therapies.
Should every care home have a registered dietitian?
Authors: Brown Katrina
Published: June 2017

There is no legislation or guidance in place demanding that every care home in the UK has a registered dietitian. In this article, Katrina Brown discusses whether this should be the case, or if this is an area that should be revisited by policymakers
Putting Australian post-war cookery into perspective: Austerity, economy and creative cooking
Authors: Adams Jillian
Published: June 2017

This article uses cookbooks and articles published in women’s magazines and the women’s pages of daily newspapers to examine the origins of a persistent memory that the food of 1950s’ childhood was bland and dull. It argues that this memory has been influenced by austerity measures followed by housewives during World War I, the inter-war period and World War II. It concludes that the memory is not reliable, and that food writing of the 1950s shows that during that time Australian housewives were no longer concerned only with economies in the kitchen and that the food from that period was not the dull bland cooking so often recalled.
Book Review
Authors: Carpenter Lloyd
Published: June 2017

Banana, Lorna Piatti-Farnell (2016) London: Reaktion Books, 176 pp., ISBN: 9781780235714, hardback, £9.99
Mindfulness e Psychological Mindedness enquanto posturas terapêuticas: Relação com o processo de mudança em psicoterapia
Authors: Coimbra Dora Alice , Vasco António Branco
Published: June 2017

A influência das características do psicoterapeuta, no processo e nos resultados da intervenção psicoterapêutica, tem sido amplamente reconhecida, independentemente do modelo teórico. Assumindo-se o interesse no estudo das competências terapêuticas não “técnicas”, necessárias para a prática clínica, reflecte-se sobre os constructos mindfulness e psychological mindedness, enquanto características relativamente estáveis da consciência da experiência e do self do psicoterapeuta, que podem manifestar-se como posturas terapêuticas distintas. Acreditamos que os terapeutas mais mindful e/ou psychologically minded, oscilando responsivamente entre as duas posturas terapêuticas, poderão verificar nos seus pacientes, uma maior capacidade estrutural, associada a um aumento da consciência da experiência e do self, obtido através da assimilação de objectivos estratégicos específicos de fase 2, do Metamodelo de Complementaridade Paradigmática (Vasco, 2006). É apontada a relevância clínica de se considerar a mindfulness e a psychological mindedness como posturas terapêuticas complementares, salientando-se a necessidade de se encontrar uma definição operacional dos constructos.
PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS HASIL PENGGELONTORAN SEDIMEN DI WADUK CARA FLUSHING DAN SLUICING
Authors: Atmodjo Pranoto S. , Sangkawati Sri , Kirno Kirno
Published: June 2017

This study compares the effectiveness of the flushing of sediment in the reservoir by means of flushing andSluicing way, based on Physical Hydraulic Test (Model Test) in the laboratory. Flushing is removingaccumulated deposited sediment. While slucing is releasing of sediment through the reservoir beforesettled or keep sediment remain in suspension and its occur during flood period. Sediments FlushEffectiveness represented by the percentage of released sediment by sediment deposited or the amount ofsediment entering the reservoir during the flushing period.The model based on the prototipe from DetailDesign of Structural Countermeasures for Sedimentation on Wonogiri Reservoir by Nippon Koei 2009.Running model duration is one hour, used free flow and submergence condition, with discharge variationQ=100, 200 and 400 m3/s. Sluicing experiments conducted with some 60 liters of sediment sprinkle evenlywide flow, and Flushing implemented by 2,00 m thickness of deposited sediment that spreaded over thereservoir bottom before running. From this research showed that Sluicing way more efficient than theflushing way, where the number of efficiency of sediment Sluicing way bigger than the efficiency offlusing way, in the running an hour in the laboratory test
STUDI OZONISASI SENYAWA ORGANIK AIR LINDI TEMPAT PEMROSESAN AKHIR SARIMUKTI
Authors: Rezagama Arya
Published: June 2017

Existing treatment leachate from Sarimukti Landfill doesn’t meet the quality standards of waste water.Preliminary treatment is necessary to break down persistent leachate compounds. Ozone can act directly orindirectly with organic material (Glaze 1986). Column batch reactor system use one liter volume. Ozone ispumped into the leachate in the form of fine bubbles. Variations include Ozone Pumping Flow, Ratio ofhigh/diameter (t/d), and pH. Kinetic Reaction of oxygen dissolution in the average leachate is zero order.Increased pumping air discharge and increased pH makes ozone transfer process better. Best value occurs at pH11, where the value of the reaction rate constant ozone 1.48. The average percentage of organic materialallowance 31% COD and 26% TOC. The decline TOC and COD have a tendency to be influenced by the pHoptimum 8-9. At alkaline pH makes carbonate (CO3) formed the greater, that make ozone compounds killquickly. FTIR results showed the intensity of hydroxyl groups increased after ozone oxidation where thesubstitution of functional groups of organic matter associated with electrophilic addition reaction of oxygenatoms. Existence Fulfic acid also increased the effect compounds and Humic Acid, Humad large has been cut byradicals.
UNJUK KERJA REAKTOR PLASMA DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE UNTUK PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Yudhistira Ardian Dwi , Istadi Istadi
Published: June 2017

Biodiesel is one of alternative renewable energy source to substitute diesel fuel. Various biodiesel productionprocesses through transesterification reaction with a variety of catalysts have been developed by previousresearcher. This process still has the disadvantage of a long reaction time, and high energy need. DielectricBarrier Discharge (DBD) plasma electro-catalysis may become a solution to overcome the drawbacks in theconventional transesterification process. This process only needs a short time reaction and low energy process.The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of DBD plasma rector in making biodiesel such as: theeffect of high voltage electric value, electrodes gap, mole ratio of methanol / oil, and reaction time. TheResearch method was using GC-MS (Gas Cromatography-Mass Spectrofotometry) and FTIR (FourierTransform Infrared Spectrofotometry) and then it will be analysed the change of chemical bond betweenreactant and product. So, the reaction mechanism can be predicted. Biodiesel is produced using methanol andpalm oil as reactants and DBD plasma used as reactor in batch system. Then, reactants contacted by highvoltage electric. From the results of this research can be concluded that the reaction mechanism occurs in theprocess is the reaction mechanism of cracking, the higher of electric voltage and the longer of reaction time leadto increasing of product yield. The more of mole ratio of methanol / oil and widening the gap between theelectrodes lead to decreased product yield. From this research, product yield maksimum is 89,8% in the variableof rasio mol metanol/palm oil 3:1, voltage 10 kV, electrode gap 1,5 cm, and reaction time 30 seconds.
The Expression of CD38 ADP-ribosyl Cyclase Ectoenzyme in Immune Cells of Cardiac Surgical Patients
Authors: Koláčková Martina , Trojáčková Kudlová Manuela , Lonský Vladimír , Manďák Jiří , Kuneš Pavel , Jankovičová Karolína , Vlášková Dana , Andrýs Ctirad , Krejsek Jan
Published: June 2017

Background: This study was aimed at following the changes in the expression of CD38 ADP-ribosyl cyclase ectoenzyme on peripheral blood immune cells of patients undergoing cardiac surgical operations. Patients and Methods: The expression of CD38 on lymphoid and myeloid cells was determined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry in forty cardiac surgical patients assigned to surgery either using (“on-pump”, n=20) or without the use (“off-pump”, n=20) of cardiopulmonary bypass. Results: There was a very rapid upregulation of CD38 expression in “on-pump” patients, becoming significant at declamping of aorta (p<0.01) for myeloid cells and at the weaning from CPB (p<0.001) for lymphocytes. The increased expression of CD38 on lymphocytes in “off-pump” patients was prolonged for the entire observation period. However, significant differences in the expression of CD38 between “on-pump” and “off-pump” patients were not found either in lymphoid or myeloid cells. Conclusion: CD38 expression in immune cells of cardiac surgical patients is upregulated early during surgery, providing additional activation stimuli to the cell substrate of the inflammatory response induced by cardiac surgery.
Morrey spaces and generalized Cheeger sets
Authors: Li Qinfeng , Torres Monica
Published: June 2017

We maximize the functional

∫Eh⁢(x)⁢𝑑xP⁢(E),\frac{\int_{E}h(x)\,dx}{P(E)},

whereE⊂Ω¯{E\subset\overline{\Omega}}is a set of finite perimeter, Ω is an open bounded set with Lipschitz boundary andhis nonnegative. Solutions to this problem are calledgeneralized Cheeger sets in Ω. We show that the Morrey spacesL1,λ⁢(Ω){L^{1,\lambda}(\Omega)},λ≥n-1{\lambda\geq n-1}, are natural spaces to study this problem. We prove that ifh∈L1,λ⁢(Ω){h\in L^{1,\lambda}(\Omega)},λ>n-1{\lambda>n-1}, then generalized Cheeger sets exist. We also study the embedding of Morrey spaces intoLp{L^{p}}spaces. We show that, for any0<λ<n{0<\lambda<n}, the Morrey spaceL1,λ⁢(Ω){L^{1,\lambda}(\Omega)}is not contained in anyLq⁢(Ω){L^{q}(\Omega)},1<q
n-1{\lambda>n-1}, then the reduced boundary in Ω of a generalized Cheeger set isC1,α{C^{1,\alpha}}and the singular set has Hausdorff dimension at mostn-8{n-8}(empty ifn≤7{n\leq 7}). For the critical caseh∈L1,n-1⁢(Ω){h\in L^{1,n-1}(\Omega)}, we demonstrate that this strong regularity fails. We prove that a bounded generalized Cheeger setEinℝn{\mathbb{R}^{n}}withh∈L1⁢(ℝn){h\in L^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}is always pseudoconvex, and any pseudoconvex set is a generalized Cheeger set for someh.
Ferrier, the Unknowable and the Origins of British Idealism
Authors: Mander W. J.
Published: June 2017

This paper examines James Frederick Ferrier’s idealist argument against the realist agnosticism of William Hamilton, of the Scottish ‘common sense’ school. Particular attention is paid to Ferrier’s restricted definition of ignorance as pertaining only to what
Hristo Botev: The Ekstasis of Non-Belonging and the Route to Modernity
Authors: Kambourov Dimitar
Published: June 2017

Bulgarian literature of the 19th century, although widely unknown abroad, is decisive for the formation of Bulgarian national identity. In this respect, the authority of the ‘national poet’ Hristo Botev has been uncontested for 140 years. Botev has created the Bulgarian mytho-poetic narrative and imposed it as a set of political, social and ethical principles, crystalized to a corrective. Yet, Botev’s poetic agenda is contradictory. His nationalism, based on natural belonging to the people, kin and family, is persistently extended towards social criticism and a utopian longing for class equality. Thus, the prior national unity appears subverted: the representatives of the elite are stigmatized as non-belonging to the nation per se, to ‘the people,’ a collective subject, enslaved, suffering, passive, and mute. Such an irresolvable contradiction between the two struggles – for national liberation and for social emancipation – is additionally complicated by Botev’s third, most intimate longing – for personal unbinding that would take the radical form of self-emerging beyond any kinship and class affiliation. Thus, the mytho-poetic figure of an apocalyptic Motherland had to be re-articulated as the eternal ‘There’ of a coveted death. Finally, Botev’s self-victimization, orchestrated as a rebel raid, is his response to the fallen heroes and their failed sacrifice. Bulgaria’s most powerful national poet gave birth to a national myth of the genius who voluntarily gave up poetry and joined the masses by embracing their role of a victim.
Anhp-Hybrid High-Order Method for Variable Diffusion on General Meshes
Authors: Aghili Joubine , Di Pietro Daniele A. , Ruffini Berardo
Published: June 2017

In this work, we introduce and analyze anhp-hybrid high-order (hp-HHO) method for a variable diffusion problem. The proposed method is valid in arbitrary space dimension and for fairly general polytopal meshes. Variable approximation degrees are also supported. We provehp-convergence estimates for both the energy- andL2L^{2}-norms of the error, which are the first of this kind for Hybrid High-Order methods. These results hinge on a novelhp-approximation lemma valid for general polytopal elements in arbitrary space dimension. The estimates are additionally fully robust with respect to the heterogeneity of the diffusion coefficient, and show only a mild dependence on the square root of the local anisotropy, improving previous results for HHO methods. The expected exponential convergence behavior is numerically demonstrated on a variety of meshes for both isotropic and strongly anisotropic diffusion problems.
Japanese perceptions of humor in the English language classroom
Authors: Neff Peter , Rucynski John
Published: June 2017

Despite humor’s promise as an educational tool in language learning contexts, questions of appropriateness, cultural sensitivity, and student expectations cannot be ignored. This is especially the case in a culture such as Japan where the time and place for humor is often dictated by the social norms of “
Soziale Bewegung auf der Bühne: Zur Frage der Gegenwart in Christian Weises Masaniello
Authors: Eiden-Offe Patrick
Published: June 2017

This article demonstrates how the socio-historic ‘present’ – in the emphatic sense of a social change going on
Einbruch der Zeit
Authors: Geyer Stefan
Published: June 2017

The following analysis seeks to outline a development of changing approaches to literalizing the novelty of historical events. The
Search Strategy, Self-Concept and Metacognitive Skills of Secondary School Teachers in Selected Cities in Nigeria and South Africa
Authors: Durodolu Oluwole O. , Ocholla Dennis N.
Published: June 2017

Information Literacy (IL) is fundamental for lifelong learning, especially for the teaching profession, where information is critical for imparting knowledge to students who are expected to be creative, critical thinkers and lifelong learners. The study investigates the search strategy, self-concept and metacognitive skills of secondary school teachers in selected cities in Nigeria and South Africa. The study adopted a post-positivist research paradigm combining both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies largely through a multi- case study research design. Data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews, observation and document analysis that included a literature review. The target population was secondary school teachers in Lagos and Durban. The sample for the research was drawn from teachers in government secondary schools in Lagos and Durban. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in the first stage to purposively select samples from the two cities of Lagos and Durban in order to make comparisons. The second stage involved stratified random sampling, and the third stage applied simple random sampling. Literature analysis and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) were used to inform the study. The study revealed the following: (i) teachers in Durban had a higher level of perception of the need for information literacy than their counterparts in Lagos; (ii) electronic information resources were infrequently used by the teachers; (iii) younger teachers tended to possess a higher level of information literacy than their older colleagues, which proves why in-service training is imperative; (iv) female teachers were significantly more information literate than their male counterparts; (v) many of the school libraries seem to have been afterthoughts, and the specifications for library building and planning were not observed as itemized by IFLA library building guidelines; and (vi) interaction and collaboration between teachers and librarians was limited. Recommendations have been made regarding how the issues and challenges could be addressed and solved with IL policy and work shopping of teachers for IL.
The crystal structure of 2,3,5-triphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-ium 2,3-dioxoindoline-5-sulfonate, C27H19N5O5S
Authors: Ghabbour Hazem A. , AlRuqi Obaid S. , Mostafa Gamal A. E.
Published: June 2017

C27H19N5O5S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.2789(4) Å, b = 27.3722(9) Å, c = 13.0126(4) Å, β = 101.805(2)°, V = 4978.3(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0809, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1705.