bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Looking at Gen Y shopping preferences and intentions: exploring the role of experience and apparel involvement
Authors: Sullivan P. , Heitmeyer J.
Published: April 2008

Apparel retailers need more information to reach and increase patronage from Generation Y with $150 billion purchasing power. Experiential retailing, involving one or more of the five senses, helps create utilitarian and hedonic benefits for brick‐and‐mortar apparel shoppers. However, little is known about how Generation Y responds to experiential strategies. This study of Generation Y brick‐and‐mortar apparel shoppers, using a cohort approach, seeks to determine which dimensions of a shopping experience, as well as shopping involvement level and demographics, are associated with store preference and patronage intent.
Determination of Stress Intensity Factor for Cracks in Orthotropic Composite Materials using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Mogadpalli G. P. , Parameswaran V.
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  This paper focuses on the application of the digital image correlation (DIC) technique to determine the stress intensity factor (SIF) for cracks in orthotropic composites. DIC is a full‐field technique for measuring the surface displacements of a deforming object and can be applied to any type of material. To determine the SIF from full‐field displacement data, the asymptotic expansion of the crack‐tip displacement field is required. In this paper the expansion of the crack tip displacement field is derived from an existing solution for strain fields. Unidirectional fibre composite panels with an edge crack aligned along the fibre were tested under remote tensile loading and the displacements were recorded using DIC. The SIF was calculated from the experimental data by fitting the theoretical displacement field using the least squares method. The SIF thus determined was in good agreement with theoretical results and therefore demonstrates the applicability of the derived displacement field and DIC technique for studying fracture in composites.
Bone Characterization using Piezotransducers as Biomedical Sensors
Authors: Bhalla S. , Bajaj S.
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  This technical note demonstrates the application of piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) transducers for evaluation of structural dynamic parameters of bones. An experimental study conducted on chicken femur is reported. The bone is instrumented with two PZT patches, one serving as an actuator and the other as a sensor. The actuator patch is excited by applying a sinusoidal sweep voltage signal, which in turn excites the bone, the vibrations of which are picked up by the sensor patch. The gain across the sensor patch as a function of frequency serves as the frequency response function (FRF). Structural dynamic parameters of the bone such as modal frequencies and corresponding damping ratios are derived from this FRF. The proposed technique detects changes in the mechanical properties of the bone through changes in the FRF. This technique can be employed in monitoring the healing of critical bones after surgery. It can also aid research related to bone injury, diagnosis of ailments such as osteoporosis and numerous other fields of biomechanics.
Exact and heuristic algorithms for balancing transfer lines when a set of available spindle heads is given
Authors: Dolgui Alexandre , Guschinsky Nikolai , Levin Genrikh
Published: April 2008

A balancing problem for paced tandem transfer lines with several spindle heads at each station is considered. A spindle head executes a block of operations. The set of all available spindle heads as well as the operations executed by each spindle head, the spindle head times and costs are known. There are operations with several spindle head candidates. The problem at the line design stage consists in the choice of spindle heads from the given set and their assignment to workstations. The goal is to minimize the line cost while satisfying the precedence, inclusion and exclusion constraints. An exact algorithm based on a mixed integer programming approach is developed. Two types of new heuristic algorithms are also suggested. One of them step‐by‐step assigns randomly spindle heads to a current workstation. The second uses depth‐first search techniques. Experimental results are reported.
Rapid Assessment of Risks to a Mobile Marine Mammal in an Ecosystem‐Scale Marine Protected Area
Authors: GRECH A. , MARSH H.
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  Ecosystem‐scale networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) are important conservation tools, but their effectiveness is difficult to quantify in a time frame appropriate to species conservation because of uncertainties in the data available. The dugong (Dugong dugon) is a mobile marine species that occurs in shallow inshore waters of an ecosystem‐scale network of MPAs (the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area [GBRWHA]). We developed a rapid approach to assess risk to dugongs in the region and evaluate options to ameliorate that risk. We used expert opinion and a Delphi technique to identify and rank 5 human factors with the potential to adversely affect dugongs and their sea grass habitats: netting, indigenous hunting, trawling, vessel traffic, and poor‐quality terrestrial runoff. We then quantified and compared the distribution of these factors with a spatially explicit model of dugong distribution. We estimated that approximately 96% of habitat of high conservation value for dugongs in the GBRWHA is at low risk from human activities. Using a sensitivity analysis, we found that to decrease risk, commercial netting or indigenous hunting had to be reduced in remote areas and the effects of vessel traffic, terrestrial runoff, and commercial netting had to be reduced in urban areas. This approach enabled us to compare and rank risks so as to identify the most severe risks and locate specific sites that require further management attention.
High‐density nitrogen inclusions in barite from a giant siderite vein: implications for Alpine evolution of the Variscan basement of Western Carpathians, Slovakia
Authors: HURAI V. , PROCHASKA W. , LEXA O. , SCHULMANN K. , THOMAS R. , IVAN P.
Published: April 2008

Contrasting compositions and densities of fluid inclusions were revealed in siderite–barite intergrowths of the Droždiak polymetallic vein hosted in Variscan basement of the Gemeric unit (Central European Carpathians). Primary two‐phase aqueous inclusions in siderite homogenized between 101 and 165 °C, total salinity ranged between 18 and 27 wt%, and CaCl2/(NaCl + CaCl2) weight ratios were fixed at 0.1–0.3. By contrast, mono‐ and two‐phase aqueous inclusions in barite exhibited total salinities between 2 and 22 wt%, and the CaCl2/NaCl ratios ranged from NaCl‐ to CaCl2‐dominated compositions. The aqueous inclusions in barite were closely associated with very high‐density (0.55–0.745 g cm−3) nitrogen inclusions, in some cases containing up to 16 mol.% CO2. Crystallization P–T conditions of siderite (175–210 °C, 1.2–1.7 kbar) constrained by the vertical oxygen isotope gradient along the studied vein, isochores of fluid inclusions and the K/Na exchange thermometer corresponded to minimal palaeodepths between 4.3 and 6.3 km, assuming lithostatic load and average crust density of 2.75 g cm−3. Maximum fluid pressure during barite crystallization attained 3.6–4.4 kbar at 200–300 °C, and the most dense nitrogen inclusions maintained without decrepitation the residual internal pressure of 2.2 kbar at 25 °C. Contrasting fluid compositions, increasing depths of burial (∼4–14 km) and decreasing thermal gradients (∼40–15 °C km−1) during initial mineralization stages of the Droždiak vein reflect Alpine orogenic processes, rather than an incipient Permian rifting suggested in previous metallogenetic models. Siderite crystallized at rising P–T in a closed, rock‐buffered hydrothermal system developed in the Variscan basement during the north‐vergent Cretaceous thrusting and thickening of the Gemeric crustal wedge. Variable salinities of the barite‐hosted inclusions reflect a fluid mixing in open hydrothermal system, and re‐equilibration textures (lengths of decrepitation cracks proportional to fluid inclusion sizes) correspond to retrograde crystallization trajectory coincidental with transpression or unroofing. Maximum recorded fluid pressures indicate ∼12‐km‐thick pile of imbricated nappe units accumulated over the Gemeric basement during the Cretaceous collision.
Clinical differences between patients with nonepileptic seizures who report antecedent sexual abuse and those who do not
Authors: Selkirk Mhairi , Duncan Roderick , Oto Meritxell , Pelosi Anthony
Published: April 2008

Summary

Purpose: To investigate clinical differences between patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) who report antecedent sexual abuse, and patients who do not.

Methods: In a consecutive series of 176 patients with video‐EEG confirmed PNES without epilepsy, we compared patients who reported antecedent sexual abuse with those who did not report sexual abuse, in respect of a range of demographic and clinical variables.

Results: Fifty‐nine women (45%) and 5 men (11%) reported sexual abuse. Those reporting sexual abuse had earlier onset PNES (28.5 vs. 33.1 years, p = 0.0319) and greater delay from onset to diagnosis (median 5.2 vs. 3.2 years, p < 0.0137). They more often drew social security benefits (p = 0.0054) and were less often in cohabiting relationships (p = 0.0006). Those who reported sexual abuse had poorer mental health on a range of indicators. Their spells were more often “convulsive” (p = 0.0419), were more severe (p = 0.0011), were more likely to have emotional triggers (p = 0.0045) and to include prodromes (p = 0.0424) and flashbacks (p < 0.0001). A history of nocturnal spells (p = 0.0109), injury during spells (p = 0.0056), and incontinence during spells (p = 0.0083) were also more common in the patients reporting sexual abuse.

Discussion: Our results suggest that patients with PNES who report sexual abuse have more severe PNES, are more likely to have PNES with features that suggest epilepsy, and are psychiatrically more unwell than those who do not report sexual abuse.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characterization of Brain Structure and Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Review
Authors: Ries Michele L. , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Rowley Howard A. , Sager Mark A. , Gleason Carey E. , Asthana Sanjay , Johnson Sterling C.
Published: April 2008

Given the predicted increase in prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the coming decades, early detection and intervention in persons with the predementia condition known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is of paramount importance. Recent years have seen remarkable advances in the application of neuroimaging and other biomarkers to the study of MCI. This article reviews the most recent developments in the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize brain changes and to prognosticate clinical outcomes of patients with MCI. The review begins with description of methods and findings in structural MRI research, delineating findings regarding both gross atrophy and microstructural brain changes in MCI. Second, we describe the most recent findings regarding brain function in MCI, enumerating findings from functional MRI and brain perfusion studies. Third, we will make recommendations regarding the current clinical use of MRI in identification of MCI. As a conclusion, we will look to the future of neuroimaging as a tool in early AD detection.
Association Between Interleukin‐6 and Lower Extremity Function After Hip Fracture—The Role of Muscle Mass and Strength
Authors: Miller Ram R. , Shardell Michelle D. , Hicks Gregory E. , Cappola Anne R. , Hawkes William G. , Yu‐Yahiro Janet A. , Magaziner Jay
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether an effect on muscle mass or strength explains the association between interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and lower extremity function in the year after hip fracture.

DESIGN: Analysis of data from a longitudinal cohort study.

SETTING: Two Baltimore‐area hospitals.

PARTICIPANTS: Community‐dwelling women aged 65 and older admitted to one of two hospitals in Baltimore with a new, nonpathological fracture of the proximal femur between 1992 and 1995.

MEASUREMENTS: At 2, 6, and 12 months postfracture, serum IL‐6, appendicular lean muscle mass (aLM), and grip strength were measured, and the Lower Extremity Gain Scale (LEGS), a summary measure of performance of nine lower extremity tasks was calculated. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the longitudinal relationship between IL‐6 tertile and LEGS. Whether muscle mass or strength explained the relationship between IL‐6 and LEGS was examined by adding measures of aLM, grip strength, or both into the model.

RESULTS: Subjects in the lowest IL‐6 group performed better on the LEGS than those in the highest tertile by 4.51 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.50–7.52) points at 12 months postfracture. Adjusting for aLM and grip strength, this difference was 4.28 points (95% CI=1.14–7.43) and 3.81 points (95% CI=0.63–7.00), respectively. Adjusting for both aLM and grip strength, the mean difference in LEGS score was 3.88 points (95% CI=0.63–7.13).

CONCLUSION: In older women, after hip fracture, reduced muscle strength, rather than reduced muscle mass, better explains the poorer recovery of lower extremity function observed with higher levels of the inflammatory marker IL‐6.
AN ECONOMIC APPRAISAL OF SECURITIZING INSURANCE RISK VIA ONSHORE SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES
Authors: Grace Martin F. , Klein Robert W. , Phillips Richard D.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT: The increased risk from natural disasters in the United States has prompted innovations in alternative forms of risk transfer and financing. Among the mechanisms that have been developed are Special Purpose Reinsurance Vehicles (SPRVs) designed to hold and segregate funds supporting a risk securitization. SPRVs have been principally formed outside the United States for tax and regulatory reasons. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) and the states are considering proposed model legislation that will facilitate the formation of SPRVs in the United States. Proponents also will be seeking federal tax legislation that will facilitate onshore securitization. This article examines important economic and tax issues involved with onshore SPRVs. The authors conclude that properly regulated onshore securitization vehicles could aid the diversification of high‐layer catastrophe risks and other risks with similar characteristics. The proposed tax changes may create a modest inequity between special purpose vehicles and traditional reinsurers, depending on one's perspective. However, if governed by an appropriate tax and regulatory framework, onshore securitization used for appropriate purposes should benefit consumers and not erode the demand for conventional reinsurance for the types of risks it is best suited to manage.
LIABILITY RISK MANAGEMENT AND CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Brown Brad , Perry Susan , Wheeler John O.
Published: April 2008

Reputations travel fast and far. Poor corporate citizenship anywhere in the world is increasingly likely to be reported everywhere in the world. Human rights abuses and environmental accidents and pollution have put many well‐known companies on the defensive, and once in the spotlight, all actions tend to be carefully scrutinized.

Corporations risk losses due to fines and lawsuits stemming from poor citizenship, but even more significant is the potential loss of reputation—a significant portion of most companies' value. A damaged corporate reputation can hurt sales and damage employee morale.

The ensuing financial losses expose executives and boards of directors to shareholder derivative lawsuits for not having policies in place to protect the corporation from such scandals. As providers of liability insurance, insurance companies have a direct interest in these losses.

Corporate adoption of effective environmental and social accountability program—which are likely to prevent scandals in the first place, will limit the liability of corporations and their officers if a scandal does occur.
Inducibility of Atrial and Ventricular Arrhythmias Along the Ligament of Marshall: Role of Autonomic Factors
Authors: LIN JIAXIONG , SCHERLAG BENJAMIN J. , LU ZHIBING , ZHANG YING , LIU SHAOWEN , PATTERSON EUGENE , JACKMAN WARREN M. , LAZZARA RALPH , PO SUNNY S.
Published: April 2008

Background:
The mechanism(s) underlying atrial fibrillation (AF) initiation along the ligament of Marshall (LOM) remains controversial.

Objectives:
We sought to examine the role of the autonomic nervous system in arrhythmogenesis along the LOM.

Methods:
In 31 anesthetized dogs, a left thoracotomy exposed the LOM. During atrial pacing, high‐frequency stimulation (HFS: 200 Hz, 0.1 ms pulse width, 40 ms duration, 0.6–12 V) was delivered during atrial refractoriness to different sites of LOM (LOMCS= near coronary sinus; LOMLIPV= near left inferior pulmonary vein; LOMLS‐LIPV= between LIPV and left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV); LOMLSPV= near LSPV). HFS was repeated after intravenous administration of esmolol (1 mg/kg; n = 9) or atropine (2 mg; n = 12). Norepinephrine (10−7 M, 0.4 cc) was injected into LOMLSPV (n = 5).

Results:
The median voltages for HFS to induce AF were 3.2 V, 3.2 V, 8.0 V*,‡, and 12 V*,‡ at LOMCS, LOMLIPV, LOMLS‐LIPV, and LOMLSPV, respectively (*P < 0.01, compared with LOMCS and ‡ P < 0.01, compared with LOMLIPV). Esmolol or atropine markedly increased the threshold for AF induction. Ventricular tachycardias (VT) and accelerated junctional rhythm were induced in 8 of 12 and 6 of 12 dogs after atropine administration, respectively. Sustained VT occurred within minutes in 5 of 5 dogs receiving norepinephrine injection into the LOMLSPV.

Conclusion:
HFS induced AF along LOM with a gradient of stimulation thresholds from LOMCS (lowest) toward LOMLSPV (highest). This response was inhibited by esmolol or atropine. These data suggest an autonomic basis for AF initiation in LOM, and both sympathetic and parasympathetic neural elements play an important role in AF initiation. Hyperactivity of the sympathetic neural elements in LOM may be crucial in the initiation of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
When Do We “Just Say No”? Policy Termination Decisions in Local Hospital Services
Authors: Graddy Elizabeth A. , Ye Ke
Published: April 2008

This paper develops a two‐stage decision‐making model of the public policy termination process, which integrates political and economic influences on local decision makers. We empirically explore the model using data on the provision of local public hospitals in California over 1981–95. The results provide support for the model as we find that triggering events as well as characteristics of the local decision‐making context affect the termination decision. For the case of public hospitals, we find that lower state and local revenue growth rates increase the likelihood of termination, while decision makers in communities with a larger local health budget, more unionized public employees, and a larger private hospital sector are less likely to terminate local public hospitals. The implications for public policy and for our understanding of the termination process are discussed.
Synthesis of New Nanocrystalline Titanium–Niobium Oxynitride Powders
Authors: Ran Songlin , Gao Lian
Published: April 2008

New titanium–niobium oxynitride (Ti1−zNbzOxNy) powders were synthesized by ammonolysis of nanosized TiO2/Nb2O5 composite powders at 700°–900°C for 5 h. The products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), chemical analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the as‐synthesized powders were pure cubic structures with sizes of 30–60 nm. With increasing value of z, XRD peaks of Ti1−zNbzOxNy powders tended to shift toward low 2θ angle and the cell parameter showed a linear increase.
Perceived Control as a Moderator of the Prototype Effect in the Perception of Discrimination
Authors: Krumm Angela J. , Corning Alexandra F.
Published: April 2008

Whether an individual's behavior is perceived as discriminatory has a great deal to do with the characteristics of the individual. The prototype effect refers to the finding that individuals who match people's prototypes of the typical executor of a particular kind of discrimination (e.g., the prototypical sex discriminator is male) are much more likely to receive attributions of discrimination than are nonprototypical executors. The motivated social cognition perspective, however, suggests that people's subjective needs will influence the extent to which they rely on simplified cognitive abstractions. The results of this study indicate that people's subjective perceptions of control over discrimination in their lives moderate the influence of the prototype effect on perceptions of discrimination in ambiguous situations.
The Hostile Media Effect, Biased Assimilation, and Perceptions of a Presidential Debate1
Authors: Richardson John D. , Huddy William P. , Morgan Shawn M.
Published: April 2008

This study examined the relation between 2 seemingly inconsistent phenomena: hostile media effect and biased assimilation. Participants (N = 156) reported their preference for George W. Bush or John Kerry and then viewed a live broadcast of the first Bush–Kerry Presidential debate. Consistent with biased assimilation, candidate preference influenced participants on both sides to perceive their candidate won the debate. Nevertheless, candidate preference modestly induced participants to perceive hostile bias from the debate moderator, Jim Lehrer. The influence of anticipated third‐person effects was also examined. Overall, the results suggest biased assimilation and the hostile media effect are not inconsistent. In some situations, they occur simultaneously. Moreover, the hostile media effect appears to extend beyond news reports to other forms of mediation.
Improving Children's Attitudes Toward Refugees: An Evaluation of a School‐Based Multicultural Curriculum and an Anti‐Racist Intervention1
Authors: Turner Rhiannon N. , Brown Rupert
Published: April 2008

We evaluated the impact of the Friendship Project, a program designed to improve elementary school children's attitudes toward refugees. Participants either received 4 weekly lessons based on the program, or they received no lessons. All participants completed attitude measures before and after implementation of the program. Half completed the post‐test 1 week after completion of the program, while the other half completed the post‐test 7 weeks after its completion. The program led to more positive attitudes toward refugees in the short term, but not in the long term. Moreover, although it did not increase empathy, the program increased the proportion of participants who preferred an acculturation strategy of integration and reduced the number of participants who had conflictual acculturative fit.
Social Indispensability or Social Comparison: The Why and When of Motivation Gains of Inferior Group Members1
Authors: Hertel Guido , Niemeyer Grit , Clauss Andrea
Published: April 2008

In 2 experimental studies, social indispensability and upward social comparison were contrasted as potential triggers of motivation gains of inferior group members. Using a cognitive task in a computer‐supported environment, individual work was compared with conditions that enabled upward comparison only (coaction), or both upward comparison and social indispensability (conjunctive task). Moreover, working conditions (face‐to‐face vs. anonymous) and partner‐related performance feedback (contemporaneously vs. post‐task) were manipulated as potential moderators. Results revealed motivation gains only when partner feedback was contemporaneously available. In this case, upward‐comparison effects could be demonstrated during coaction. However, when participants' contribution determined a group outcome, their motivation was additionally increased, demonstrating social indispensability effects. Finally, motivation gains were generally higher during face‐to‐face compared to anonymous work.
Do worker absences affect productivity? The case of teachers
Authors: MILLER Raegen T. , MURNANE Richard J. , WILLETT John B.
Published: April 2008

This article studies the impact of teacher absences on education. Using data spanning three academic years about 285 teachers and 8,631 predominantly economically disadvantaged students from a United States urban school district, it tests assumptions that a substantial portion of teachers' absences is discretionary and that these absences reduce productivity – students' mathematics scores. Since absent teachers are typically replaced by less qualified substitutes, instructional intensity and consistency may decline: ten days of teacher absence reduce students' achievement score by about 3.3 per cent of a standard deviation – enough to lower some students' designation in the state proficiency system and, thus, their motivation to succeed.
Continuidad y cambio del modelo social del sur de Europa
Authors: KARAMESSINI Maria
Published: April 2008

A lo largo de los últimos decenios han cambiado sustancialmente muchos aspectos del modelo social de Europa meridional. Los cambios acaecidos en las rela‐ciones labor ales, la fijación de los salarios y las leyes de protección del empleo han aumentado por lo general los salarios y laflexibilidad laboral y han atenuado elfrac‐cionamiento del mercado de trabajo. El Estado de bienestar ha procurado mejorar la formación profesional de los trabajadores, colmar las lagunas y disminuir las desi‐gualdades de la protección social, y moderar el alza del gasto social. Estos cambios institucionales no han acabado totalmente con los dos rasgos principales del modelo, es decir, un gran fraccionamiento del mercado de trabajo y un «familismo» intenso, pero el descenso de la natalidad a cifras mínimas anuncia el declive inminente del segundo.
Endothelial cell differentiation of human breast tumour stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Bussolati Benedetta , Grange Cristina , Sapino Anna , Camussi Giovanni
Published: April 2008

Breast tumour stem cells have been reported to differentiate in the epithelial lineage but a cross‐lineage potential has not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate whether breast tumour stem cells were able to differentiate also into the endothelial lineage. We isolated and cloned a population of breast tumour stem cells, cultured as mammospheres that expressed the stem markers nestin and Oct‐4 and not epithelial and endothelial differentiation markers, and formed serially transplantable tumours in SCID mice. When cultured in the presence of serum, mammosphere‐derived clones differentiated in the epithelial lineage. When cultured in the presence of VEGF, the same clones were also able to differentiate in the endothelial lineage acquiring endothelial markers and properties, such as the ability to organize in Matrigel into capillary‐like structures. In the transplanted tumours, originated from mammospheres, we demonstrate that some of the intratumour vessels were of human origin, suggesting an in vivo endothelial differentiation of mammosphere‐derived cells. Finally, endothelial cell clones originated from mammospheres were able, when implanted in Matrigel in SCID mice, to form after 7 days a human vessel network and, after 3–4 weeks, an epithelial tumour suggesting that in the endothelial‐differentiated cells a tumourigenic stem cell population is maintained. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that stem cells of breast cancer have the ability to differentiate not only in epithelial but also in endothelial lineage, further supporting the hypothesis that the tumour‐initiating population possesses stem cell characteristics relevant for tumour growth and vascularization.
Vitamin D receptor polymorphism (−1056 Taq‐I) interacts with smoking for the presence and progression of periodontitis
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Parkar Mohamed , D'Aiuto Francesco , Suvan Jean E. , Brett Peter M. , Griffiths Gareth S. , Rosin Michael , Schwahn Christian , Tonetti Maurizio S.
Published: April 2008

Aim: The aim of this analysis was to investigate the relationship between a vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism and the diagnosis and progression of periodontitis.

Material and Methods: Data were derived from two different studies, including 231 subjects with healthy periodontium, 224 aggressive periodontitis and 79 chronic periodontitis (CP) patients in a case–control investigation. Sixty‐one of these CP patients also took part in an observational study with a 1‐year follow‐up, in which progression of periodontitis was determined at the subject level. All 534 subjects provided a blood sample from which genomic DNA was extracted to study VDR −1056 TaqI polymorphism.

Results: The interaction between smoking and VDR polymorphism was associated with the diagnosis of periodontitis in Caucasians [p=0.001, odds ratio (OR)=1.33, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.12–1.57] and all subjects (p=0.033, OR=1.60, 95% CI=1.04–2.48). In the longitudinal study, subjects were divided into two clusters at 1 year according to the median number of progressing sites (Δcumulative attachment loss >2 mm). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the interaction between VDR Taq‐I polymorphism and smoking showed limited evidence of association with the “severe progression” cluster (p=0.033, OR=15.24, 95% CI=1.24–187.42).

Conclusions: Vitamin D receptor Taq‐I TT polymorphism was moderately associated with both the presence and the progression of periodontitis in smokers, while no association was detected in non‐smoking individuals. VDR genetic factors may interact with smoking in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
Functional role of environmental stimuli for the spawning migration in Danube nase Chondrostoma nasus (L.)
Authors: Rakowitz G. , Berger B. , Kubecka J. , Keckeis H.
Published: April 2008

Abstract –  In spring 2004 and 2005, an online monitoring by horizontal split‐beam hydroacoustics complemented by trap net catches and electro fishing was conducted to investigate the spawning migration of nase Chondrostoma nasus (L.) into the Fischa River, a tributary of the Danube River east of Vienna, Austria. Upstream‐moving adult nase could be counted hydroacoustically based on their dominance (93%) of fish in the range 45–55 cm total length. Significant correlations were observed between the number of migrants and three environmental factors (water temperature, water level and turbidity), with special focus on their fluctuations. Thresholds of water temperature, water level and turbidity were revealed as general environmental cues on a seasonal scale. On a fine temporal scale, the fluctuations of the environmental factors over days, especially in the main river, represent relevant stimuli; they initiate and control the fine‐scaled temporal pattern as well as the intensity of the spawning migration. In addition, a combination of increasing water temperatures and decreasing water levels, corresponding to the period after a flood peak, offers high predictability of favourable spawning conditions at the spawning place and acts as a stimulus for the right timing for upstream migration in Danube nase.
European eel distribution and body condition in a river floodplain: effect of longitudinal and lateral connectivity
Authors: Lasne E. , Acou A. , Vila‐Gispert A. , Laffaille P.
Published: April 2008

Abstract –  We studied eel population characteristics (size classes, densities and body condition) in the lower Loire River floodplain (France) to evaluate the effects of longitudinal and lateral gradients. A total of 36 sites were electrofished in June 2005. The sites were grouped first into three river segments according to the distance inland corresponding to a longitudinal gradient and secondly into three lateral connectivity categories. Results indicate that small eels, especially those ≤300 mm, were very abundant downstream but density rapidly decreased upstream. In addition, eels ≤150 mm tended to be most abundant in connected waterbodies. Conversely, the distribution of larger eels was quite uniform across both dimensions. Eel condition decreased upstream. In parallel, in downstream river segment, eels had a lower condition in disconnected waterbodies than in connected ones. Eel specialists still have only a longitudinal perception of eel habitat. Our results suggest that lateral gradients should be also taken into consideration.
The long‐term outcome of antenatal hydronephrosis up to 15 millimetres justifies a noninvasive postnatal follow‐up
Authors: De Kort EHM , Bambang Oetomo S , Zegers SHJ
Published: April 2008

Aim: To assess the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and surgery in infants with different grades of antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) and to evaluate incidence, severity and course of underlying vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).

Methods: Retrospective data of 125 infants with ANH were collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to the anterior–posterior pelvis diameter: group I, 5–14 mm and group II, ≥15 mm.

Results: UTIs developed in 4 of 106 infants from group I and 5 of 19 infants from group II. Surgical interventions were performed on 1 of 106 patients of group I and 7 of 19 patients of group II. These differences were statistically significant (p‐values 0.004 and <0.001, respectively). In group I, 6 of 106 patients had VUR; none of them required surgical intervention and only two developed a UTI (one of whom also had contralateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction). Five of 19 infants in group II had underlying VUR, four of them with associated anomalies, 1 infant required surgical correction and 4 developed UTIs.

Conclusion: Infants with ANH up to 15 mm have a low incidence of UTIs and surgery and a low incidence and benign course of underlying VUR. Therefore, noninvasive postnatal follow‐up is justified and standard voiding cystourethrography should not be performed, but only in cases of ureteric dilatation.
Penile Implantation in Europe: Successes and Complications with 253 Implants in Italy and Germany
Authors: Natali Alessandro , Olianas Roberto , Fisch Margit
Published: April 2008

Introduction

Results for prosthesis implantation from everyday clinical practice within Europe are few. This report provides data on the most commonly used penile prostheses (the American Medical Systems [AMS] series).

Aim

The study aimed to assess, retrospectively, complications and patient satisfaction with AMS penile implants in 253 consecutive patients with erectile dysfunction from three European centers.

Methods

Pre, intra- and postoperative data were obtained from chart review, with a mean follow-up of 60 months; 200 patients were available for evaluation. Patient satisfaction data were collected using the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measure

Complications and patient satisfaction were assessed. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a standardized assessment tool (the modified EDITS questionnaire).

Results

Major postoperative complications occurred in 40 (20%) patients, including 9 (22.5%) prosthesis infections, 18 (45%) mechanical failures, and 13 (32.5%) erosions. Patient satisfaction with the AMS 700CX, AMS Ambicor, and AMS 600-650 was 97%, 81%, and 75%, respectively; dissatisfaction was 0%, 5%, and 6%, respectively. Partner satisfaction with the AMS 700CX, AMS Ambicor, and AMS 600-650 was 91%, 91%, and 75%, respectively; dissatisfaction was 0%, 5%, and 6%, respectively. Erections were more natural (harder) than before with the AMS 700CX, AMS Ambicor, and AMS 600-650 in 91%, 85%, and 88%, respectively; hardness was the same as before in 9%, 15%, and 13%, respectively; no erections were less hard than before.

Conclusions

Postoperative complications differed from those reported in the literature, while patient satisfaction rates were roughly similar. The reporting of specific data for different implant types, plus the use of standardized assessment tools for patient satisfaction is significant as in the future, it will allow comparison of data between centers performing penile prosthesis implants using these devices.
The Effects of Citalopram and Fluoxetine on Sexual Behavior in Healthy Men: Evidence of Delayed Ejaculation and Unaffected Sexual Desire. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Parallel Group Study
Authors: Madeo Bruno , Bettica Paolo , Milleri Stefano , Balestrieri Antonio , Granata Antonio R.M. , Carani Cesare , Rochira Vincenzo
Published: April 2008

Introduction

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are known to induce delayed orgasm and delayed ejaculation, while their effect on other aspects of sexual function, such as sexual motivation, arousal, and erectile function are unclear.

Aim

In order to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of two SSRIs, citalopram and fluoxetine, on normal sexual function, we studied the parameters of male sexual behavior, erectile function, and ejaculation on 48 healthy male volunteers, aged 29.5 ± 4.9, in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy study.

Methods

The subjects were randomized to receive placebo (16 subjects), or fluoxetine (20 mg/day) (16 subjects) or citalopram (20 mg/day) for the first week, and 40 mg/day in the following 3 weeks (16 subjects).

Main Outcome Measures

Sexual function was investigated at the screening and at the end of the study by means of test of penile erection (TPE) and masturbation ejaculation latency time (MELT) performed during visual erotic stimulation, and at each visit by self-filled questionnaires (International Index Erectile Function [IIEF-15] and Golombock Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction [GRISS]).

Results

All the erectile parameters, evaluated by means of RigiScan Plus during TPE, were not significantly different when both fluoxetine and citalopram were compared with placebo. A delay in the ejaculation time was observed both during citalopram and during fluoxetine treatment when compared with placebo, reaching a statistical significance only with citalopram. During the treatment with citalopram and fluoxetine, the IIEF-15 score of all items decreased except for those items related to sexual desire; however, the scores were significantly lower only for the citalopram treatment.

Conclusion

The treatment with citalopram or with fluoxetine was confirmed to delay ejaculation, but was significant only for citalopram. Citalopram and fluoxetine did not affect sexual desire. Citalopram and fluoxetine did not directly affect penile erection as objectively assessed by RigiScan, although an impairment in the subjective assessment of erectile function was observed, but was significant only for citalopram, and it was thought to be a possible consequence of the delayed ejaculation perceived as a trouble.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF CULICOIDES FROM HAINAN PROVINCE, CHINA (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)
Authors: Liu Jinhua
Published: April 2008

Abstract Two new species of Culicoides from Hainan Province, C. jianfenglingensis and C.cleaves, are described.
NOTES ON THE GENUS CYBOCEPHALUS ERICHSON FROM CHINA (COLEOPTERA: CYBOCEPHALIDAE)
Authors: Yu Guoyue , Tian Mingyi
Published: April 2008

Abstract The present paper recorded four species of Cybocephlus Erichson from China. Two of them are new to science: C. concavus sp. nov. and C. pangi sp. nov.
REMARKS ON THE GENUS ALLOTERATURA HEBARD AND NEW SPECIES FROM INDO‐MALAYAN REGIONS (ORTHOPTERA: TETTIGONIOIDEA: MECONEMATIDAE)
Authors: Jin Xingbao
Published: April 2008

Abstract The autapomorphic and diagnostic characters of the genus Alloteratura Hebard 1922, are discussed and confirmed. The structure of male genitalia is revealed for the first time. New data are added to eight known species from Philippines and Malay Peninsula. Seven new species from New Guinea, Philippines, Malay Peninsula, Thailand and China are described. They are A. multispina Jin, sp. nov.; A. angulata Jin, sp. nov.; A. plauta Jin, sp. nov.; A. lamella Jin, sp. nov. (A. cylindracauda Jin, sp. nov.; A. saimemsis Jin, sp. nov. and A. tibetensis Jin, sp. nov. Remarks are also made on the distribution pattern of the genus.
A STUDY ON CHINESE THECABIUS KOCH 1857, WITH DESCRIPTION OF NEW SUBGENUS, NEW SPECIES AND NEW SUBSPECIES (HOMOPTERA: PEMPHIGIDAE)1)
Authors: Zhang Guangxue , Zhong Tiesen , Qiao Gexia
Published: April 2008

Abstract The present paper deals with the genus Thecabius Koch from China, including 3 subgenera, 9 species and 1 subspecies, among them 1 subgenus, 7 species and 1 subspecies are new to science. The key to the Chinese species of Thecabius is given. At the same time, we discuss the evolutionary relationship between Thecabius and other closely related genera. The specimens studied including the types are deposited in the Institute of. Zoology, Academia Sinica.
FIVE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS LEPTUS LATREILLE FROM MT. HUPINGSHAN OF HUNAN CHINA* (ACARI: ERYTHRAEIDAE)
Authors: Zheng Boyi
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper reports five new larval mite species belonging to the genus Leptus Latreille 1796, that is, L. hupingshunicus sp. nov., L. shimenensis sp. nov., L. brachypodos sp. nov., L. dolichopodos sp. nov., and L. sulciscutus sp. nov. All species were collected by using the Malaise Trap from Mt. Hupingshan, Shimen County, Hunan Province, China.
NEW RECORD OF PIONOPSIS, TIPHYINAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES IN CHINESE WATER MITE FAUNA (ACARI: HYGROBATOIDEA: PIONIDAE)*
Authors: Jin Daochao , Wiles Roy
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Two new species of water mites, Pionopsis (s.s.)longicosta sp. nov. and Pionopsis (s.s.) zhaoi sp. nov. are described in the present paper. This is the first record of the genus of the subfamily Tiphyinae in the family Pionidae from China.
A NEW SPECIES OF LEPTOCONOPS MIDGE FROM WUDANG MOUNTAIN, HUBEI PROVINCE, CHINA (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)
Authors: Yu Yixin
Published: April 2008

Abstract Male and female adults of Leptoconops (Leptocmps) longicauda new species are described from material colleted from Wudang Mountain, Hubei Province, China.
EFFECTS OF RAPE GROWN IN SO2‐ENRICHED ATMOSPHERES ON PERFORMANCE OF THE APHID, MYZUS PERSICAE (SULZER) *
Authors: Wu Kunjun , Gong Peiyu , Li Xiuzhen
Published: April 2008

Abstract Performances of the aphid, Myzus persicae, were monitored during feeding on leaves of the rape, Brassica chinensis, previously fumigated with SO2 in a range of concentrations between 20 and 160 nl/1 at 25°C. Response of the aphids depended on dose of the air pollutant. Moderate dose of SO2 treatment on the rape greatly enhanced the aphids' performances while high level of the pollutant heavily suppressed their growth and reproduction. They performed best at about 80 nl/l SO2, where nymphal mean relative growth rate (MRGR), adult fecundity and intrinsic increase rate(rm) of the population increased by 31.5%, 89.8% and 42. 7% over those of control aphids, respectively. Determination of the plant chemistry suggests that the altered relative content of methionine induced by So, exposure might be responsible for this response of dosage dependence.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS ARRHOPALITES (COLLEMBOLA: SMINTHURIDAE) FROM CHINA
Authors: Lin Rong , Chen Jianxiu
Published: April 2008

Abstract A new species, Avhopalites nanjingensis sp. nov., is described from Nanjing, China. It shares some features with A. octacathus, but is characterised by its special subanal appendages and cir‐cumanal seta C1.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE ANT GENUS DOLICHODERUS LUND (HY‐MENOPTERA:FORMICIDAE) FROM GUANGXI, CHINA
Authors: Zhou Shanyi , Zheng Zhemin
Published: April 2008

Abstract Two new species of the ant genus Dolichoderus Lund from Guangxi Province are described. They are D. flatidorsus sp. nov. and D. pllosus sp. nov.
DESCRIPTION OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICHOMERIS HÜBNER FROM CHINA (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE)*
Authors: Li Houhun , Zheng Zhemin , Wang Hongjian
Published: April 2008

Abstract The present paper reports seven new species of the genus Dichomeris Hübner from China, with genital structures illustrated. The species are: D. anglcstiptera sp. nov., D. mengdanu sp. nov., D. obscura sp. nov., D. rectifascia sp. nov., D. simacensis sp. nov., D. ferrogra sp. nov. and D. zonata sp. nov. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University.
THE HOMOCALIGIDAE (ACARI:RAPHIGNATHOIDEA) FROM CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES*
Authors: Fan Qinghai
Published: April 2008

Abstract This is the first report about family Homocaligidae from China. Two new species, Annerossella lii sp. nov. and Homocaligus erassipus sp. nov., living on Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) from Fujian Province are described.
EFFECT OF DISSOLUTION AND DEGRADATION OF BAClLUlS THURlNGIENSlS PARASPORAL CRYSTALS ON TOXICITY TO COTTON BOLLWORM*
Authors: Zhang Jihong , Wang Chenzhu , Xiang Xiufen , Qin Junde
Published: April 2008

Abstract The effect of dissolution and buffer pH values on the proteolysis of Bacillus thuringiensis subvar. kurstaki HD‐1 parasporal crystals were studied by SDS‐PAGE. Dissolution made crystal much easier to be digested by larval Helicoverpa armigera midgut proteases; the rate of proteolysis of protoxin was faster than that of the crystal. Incubated with larval midgut juice, bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin for 17 h at 30°C, the proteolytic process of crystals deepened as the pH of buffer rose from 6. 9 to 10.5; the complete degradation of crystals occurred at pH 10.5, and the active domains were similar, with molecular weight of 60.5±1.26Kd, 61.6±1.16Kd, and 61.7±2.0Kd respectively. Bioassay results suggested that incubation in alkaline buffer could improve the toxicity of crystals to H. armigera, proteolysis gave no further modification to the toxicity and the toxicity was not significantly different among the products from proteolysis by larval midgut juice, bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin, Whether diets with different pH would affect the toxicity of crystals to H. armiger were also tested. Diets made by 0. 01mol.L‐1 Tris‐HC1 buffer, pH 8.0 and 0.01mol*L‐1 glycine‐NaOH buffer, pH 10.0, all significantly increased the toxicity of crystals and no difference between them was observed.
LIFE CYCLE OF THANASIMUS FORMZCARZUS (COLEOPTERA: CLERIDAE) IN SOUTHERN NORWAY*
Authors: Ye Hui
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Observations on the life cycle and bionomics of Thanasimus formicarius (L.) were made under natural conditions and in the laboratory. The studies provide information on mass flight, development periods of eggs, larvae, pupae and prepupae, and adult maturation stage based on monthly field investigations. The results of the research suggest that the overall life cycle of T. formicarius covers approximately two years and four months in southern Norway. During the first year of the life cycle, the clerid larvae overwinter in the pupal chambers at the bases of attacked spruce trees; adults emerge and mature sexually in the second year; and the mature adults overwinter inside the bark crevices of trunk and oviposit in the spring of the third year. The studies also expose that the clerid occurence coincides well with the bark beetle attacks occurring in spring and autumn in northern Norway.
A STUDY ON GENUS INDOMEGOURA (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AND NOTES ON NEW SPECIES*
Authors: Zhang Guangxue , Qiao Gexia
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The genus Indomegoura Hille Ris Lambers, 1958 was inveatigated in this paper. One new species I. crassirostra Qiao and Zhang was described. Based on the study of all four known species (including the new species above), a key to species was given. According to the geographical distribution of the genus and phytogeographical of host plants, the recent differentiation center of this genus could be located in Center China sub‐region, Oriental Realm. All the specimens examined are deposited in Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS EXAERETIA (LEPIDOPTERA:OECOPHORIDAE) FROM CHINA
Authors: Wang Shuxia , Zheng Zhemin
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Three species of the genus Exaeretia Stainton are fully described as new to science in this paper. They are : Exaeretia magnignatha sp. nov., Exaeretia bignatha sp. nov. and Exaeretia exornata sp. nov. The genitalia of the new species are illustrated.