bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longevidade de dentes tratados endodonticamente e restaurados com pinos metálicos e de fibra de vidro: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Figueiredo Viviane , Neto José Luiz Costa , Alcoforado Souza Julia Guedes , Barreto Kamila Azoubel
Published: June 2021

OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura de forma integrativa sobre a longevidade clínica de dentes tratados endodonticamente e restaurados com pinos metálicos e de fibra de vidro e com coroas fixas, a partir dos fatores sobrevivência e modo de falha. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados Lilacs e Pubmed, com os seguintes descritores: restauração dentária (dental restoration; restauración dental), pinos dentários (dental pins; pins dentales), estudo clínico (clinical study; estudio clínico). Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos que abordaram as variáveis de longevidade clínica, taxa de sobrevivência e modo de falha de pinos metálicos e de fibra de vidro, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, publicados entre 2010 a 2020, do tipo ensaios clínicos com ou sem randomização e revisões sistemáticas com ou sem metanálise. E, os critérios de exclusão foram: revisões narrativas de literatura, casos clínicos, estudos in vitro, in silico, cartas ao editor e artigos de opinião. RESULTADOS: Combinando-se os métodos de busca, foram identificados 06 artigos, sendo destes 04 artigos ensaios clínicos randomizados e 02 artigos revisões sistemáticas. Os estudos incluídos mostram elevado nível de evidência científica. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS:A presente revisão integrativa da literatura, quanto a uma longevidade clínica de dentes tratados endodonticamente e restaurados com pinos metálicos e de fibra de vidro, observados que os resultados clínicos ainda são conflituosos em relação aos fatores de suporte e modo de falha. E que, a estrutura coronária remanescente parece ser mais importante para o sucesso da reabilitação que o material do pino, contudo, como evidências de apoio são limitadas.
Construction and validation of prognostic nomogram for metaplastic breast cancer
Authors: Li Yongfeng , Chen Daobao , Xuan Haojun , Dragomir Mihnea P. , Calin George A. , Meng Xuli , Chen Meng , Jin Hongchuan
Published: June 2021

In this study we aimed to develop nomogram models for predicting the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with metaplastic breast cancer (MBC). Data of patients diagnosed with MBC from 1973 to 2015 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS of MBC patients. The obtained prognostic variables were combined to construct nomogram models for predicting OS and CSS in patients with MBC. Model performance was evaluated using concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots. Data from 1125 patients were collected and divided into a training (750) and a validation (375) cohort. The multivariate Cox model identified age, TNM stage, tumor size, and radiotherapy as independent covariates associated with OS and CSS. The nomogram constructed based on these covariates demonstrated excellent accuracy in estimating 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS, with a C-index of 0.769 (95% CI, 0.731-0.808) for OS and 0.761 (95% CI, 0.713-0.809) for CSS in the training cohort. In the validation cohort, the nomogram-predicted C-index was 0.738 (95%CI, 0.676-0.800) for OS and 0.747 (95%CI, 0.667-0.827) for CSS. All calibration curves exhibited good consistency between predicted and actual survival. The nomogram models established in this study may enhance the accuracy of prognosis prediction and therefore may improve individualized assessment of survival risks and enable constructive therapeutic suggestions.
İnme Sonrası Erken Dönem Epileptik Nöbet Geçiren Bir Olgunun Kolcaba’nın Konfor Kuramına Göre Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Türkan , KARADAKOVAN Ayfer
Published: June 2021

Bireyin nörolojik fonksiyonlarının kalıcı ya da geçici kaybıyla sonuçlanan kronik bir hastalık olan inme sonrasında, kayıp yaşanan enstrümental günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin yeniden kazanılmasında hemşirelik bakımının konfor sağlayıcı rolü önemlidir.

Bu çalışmada, Konfor kuramı çerçevesinde; inme tanısı almış ve epileptik nöbet geçiren 82 yaşındaki erkek bir olgunun, aktivite kısıtlılığı nedeni ile yaşadığı konfor sorunlarına ilişkin hemşirelik yönetimi ele alınmış ve kuramın kullanımına yönelik bir örnek oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır.
Preventive maintenance of multiple components for hydraulic tension systems
Authors: Dui Hongyan , Zheng Xiaoqian , Zhao Qian , Fang Yining
Published: June 2021

Automatically controlled hydraulic tension systems adjust the tension force of a conveyor belt under different working conditions. Failures of an automatically controlled hydraulic tension system influence the performance of conveyor belts. At present, the maintenance of automatically controlled hydraulic tension systems mainly considers the replacement of components when failures occur. Considering the maintenance cost and downtime, it is impossible to repair all the failed components to improve the hydraulic tension system. One of the key problems is selecting the most valuable components for preventive maintenance. In this paper, preventive maintenance for multiple components in a hydraulic tension system is analyzed. An index is proposed to select more reliable preventive maintenance components to replace the original ones. A case study is given to demonstrate the proposed method. When the cost budget increases, there are three different variations in the number of components for selective preventive maintenance (SPM).
Fully endoscopic transcranial removal of anterior fossa meningioma through the minipterional keyhole approach in case with marked frontal sinuous pneumatization: clinical case
Authors: Kutin M. A. , Kalinin P. L. , Abdilatipov A. A. , Kurnosov A. B. , Fomichev D. V. , Sharipov O. I. , Okishev D. N. , Kutin I. M.
Published: June 2021

Transcranial surgery of skull base meningiomas currently remains the main method of treatment. Transnasal removal is possible in a number of cases, but it is associated with the risk of postoperative CSF-leak as a result of insolvency of the reconstruction of the skull base defect. Minimally invasive (keyhole) accesses provide a tumor overview comparable to standard accesses in most cases. The anterior-medial part of the anterior cranial fossa and the olfactory fossa is not accessible to the direct view from the minipterional craniotomy. The use of angular endoscopic optics in combination with additional resection or thinning of the bones in the orbital roof provides an overview sufficient to remove the tumor, but manipulations in this area require the use of specific tools. Aspirators, dissectors and coagulators should have bends of different expressions. The application of the described technique is advisable only in certain specially selected cases.
Classification of injuries of the thoracic and lumbar spine
Authors: Grin A. A. , Kordonskiy A. Yu. , Abdukhalikov B. A. , Arakelyan S. L. , Lvov I. S. , Kaikov А. K. , Talypov A. E. , Sytnik A. V.
Published: June 2021

Fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine are the main volume of injuries in the surgical practice of a neurosurgeon. Classification of injuries is important for standardizing the description of vertebral fractures and collecting statistical data. Important classification parameters are completeness, reliability, and reproducibility. In this paper, a detailed description and illustration of the most significant classifications of injuries of the thoracic and lumbar spine is carried out.
Results of revascularizing operations performed in the acute period of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Lukyanchikov V. A. , Shetova I. M. , Shtadler V. D. , Kudryashova N. E. , Guseynova G. K. , Kiseleva А. A. , Krylov V. V.
Published: June 2021

The study objective is an assessment of long-term results of cerebral revascularization performed in the acute period of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of cerebral aneurysms.

Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study includes 74 patients, operated in N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine in the acute period of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group contained patients with EC—IC bypass performed in the acute period of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The Control group contained patients without bypass. In the long-term period, 11 patients were examined. Computed tomography of cerebral vessels, duplex ultrasound examination of the aortic arch, brachiocephalic arteries and intracranial vessels, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography with a breathing function test, single-photon emission computed tomography of the brain followed by stress test with acetazolamide, Modified Renkin Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Index Bartel, The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Holms-Rahe were performed. For descriptive results, a mathematical model was used.

Results. The best treatment outcomes in severe patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral ischemia were observed when performing simultaneous clipping of the aneurysm and EC-IC bypass (57.1 % versus 41.0 %) there was no statistically significant difference in outcomes. EC-IC bypass functioned in 37.5 % of cases. The rate and acceleration of the fall in volumetric blood flow and the passage of blood from the aortic bulb to the cerebral arterioles affect the perfusion values in the region of the brain concerned. Evaluation of long-term results of simultaneous interventions revealed persistent disturbances in the regulation of cerebral blood flow at the microcirculatory level. Patients with EC-IC bypass had a higher level of cognitive function and stress potential.

Conclusion. The results of this study showed us the necessity for a comprehensive exploration of cerebral blood flow.
Cranioplasty of post-trepanation skull defects using additive 3D printing technologies
Authors: Brattsev I. S. , Smetanina O. V. , Yashin K. S. , Gorbatov R. O. , Ermolaev A. Yu. , Morev А. V. , Yarikov A. V. , Medyanik I. A. , Karyakin N. N.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Every year, there is an increase in the number of operations performed using personalized cranioplasts, which are made with additive 3D printing technologies. They allow surgical intervention, taking into account the characteristics of the shape of the patient's skull. This is especially important when closing large and complex defects extending from the cranial vault to the bones of the facial skeleton. One of the innovative applications of additive technologies in cranioplasty is the creation of implants, preformed based on individual 3D-printed models. However, no preliminary estimates of the results of treatment of patients using the traditional methods of cranial implants and individualized modeling methods were found in the available literary sources.

The study objective is to compare the results of treatment using cranioplasts, preformed based on individual 3D-printed skull models and using traditional intraoperative modeling.

Materials and methods. A study of 50 patients with post-craniotomy defects of the skull. All patients have undergone cranioplasty. Depending on the technique of individualization of the cranial implants, patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st - using individual 3D-printed models (n = 32), 2nd - traditional intraoperative modeling (n = 18).

Results. Statistically, the groups differed significantly in terms of the duration of the intraoperative stage of cranioplasty, postoperative and total hospital stay, indicators of symmetry and financial costs. No differences were found in the duration of the preoperative hospital stay, the number of implant fixation points, the volume of intraoperative blood loss and the quality of life according to the SF-36. The first group (6.25 %) in comparison with the second (16.7 %) had a smaller number of postoperative complications.

Conclusion. Modern 3D printing technologies recreate bone models based on patients' individual characteristics, thereby providing time for careful planning of the operation, even at the outpatient stage. The results of the study showed that the usage of cranioplasts preformed with 3D-printed models provides precise closure of post-craniotomy defects, better restoration of the skull contours, and a significant reduction in the duration of the cranioplasty stage. The use of the technology does not lead to a significant increase in the cost of treatment using traditional intraoperative modeling.
Microsurgical treatment of distal aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery
Authors: Lukyanchikov V. A. , Senko I. V. , Rijkova E. S. , Krylov V. V. , Dashyan V. G.
Published: June 2021

The study objective is to investigate the features of distal aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery and to evaluate the results of their surgical treatment.

Materials and methods. From 01/01/2000 to 12/31/2019 at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, 37 patients with distal SMA aneurysms were operated (21 women, 16 men, the average age of 48 y. o). SMA aneurysms were classified by their localization according to the classification of H. Gibo. The aneurysms of the M2 segment of the MCA were encountered more often (56.8 %). 28 aneurysms had a saccular structure, 9 (24.3 %) had a fusiform. The size of the saccular aneurysms ranged from 1.4 to 34.0 mm. More than 65 % of patients had aneurysms of 7 mm or less.

Results. The surgical access was selected depending on the location of the MCA aneurysm. The pterional transsylvian access is used more often, less often - with aneurysms of the M4-segment, convexital trepanation. The reconstructive clipping of the distal SMA aneurysm was performed in 22 (59.4 %) cases, trapping and/or excision in 15 (40.5 %) cases. After the deconstructive intervention, revascularization was performed on 6 (16 %) patients.

Conclusion. Distal aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery are a rare pathology that requires an individual approach -contact Doppler ultrasound or intraoperative angiography, intraoperative neuromonitoring, as well as, if necessary, the use of revascularization methods. To optimize surgical access, it is preferable to use neuronavigation.
Facial nerve preservation in stereotactic radiosurgery of tumors of the cerebellopontine cistern
Authors: Ilyalov S. R. , Kvashnin K. M. , Medvedeva K. E. , Baulin A. A. , Lepilina O. G. , Parshunina А. M. , Sygay N. A.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Surgery has traditionally remained the main treatment for tumors of the cerebellopontine cistern but is associated with high risks of dysfunction of the cranial nerves. Radiosurgery is usually performed both as an adjuvant treatment and as an independent option.

The study objective is to assess the safety of routine use of radiosurgery to preserve facial nerve function in the treatment of tumors of different origins located in the cerebellopontine cistern.

Materials and methods. Since March 2018 to March 2020 there were 145 patients with tumors of cerebellopontine cistern (CPC) at the Center for High-Precision Radiology. Vestibilar schwannomas were detected in 116 (80 %) patients, in 37 cases - relapses or remains after surgery. The 22 patients had meningiomas, 6 after open surgery (WHO I). Trigeminal schwannomas - in 3 patients, facial schwannomas - in 2, jugular schwannomas - in 1 and metastasis of prostate cancer - in 1. 31 patients had facial paresis of different degrees after previous surgery. Among non-operated patients, facial paresis before radiosurgery was observed in only 1 patient. Radiosurgery was performed using the Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion, the mean marginal dose was 12.2 Gy (11-15 Gy), the mean tumor volume was 3.98 cm3 (0.06-17.47 cm3).

Results. Follow-up was performed in 85 patients. The mean follow-up was 359.3 days (91-776), the median follow-up was 367 days. Reduction of the tumor volume was detected in 27 patients, stabilization of the process in 15. The average decrease was 23.9 % (95 % CI 16.8-31.0 %). Transient postirradiation increase was observed in 30 patients only in the group of schwannomas and mean tumor volume increase was 53.7 % (95 % CI 38.5-68.9 %). In patients with previous surgery there were not cases of decline or regression facial paresis. Among patients who had not been operated on before radiosurgery, only in 1 case was the development of facial paresis (House-Brackman III) 5 months after irradiation, which amounted to 1.8 %. It should be especially noted that facial nerve function remained unchanged (House-Brackman I) in both patients with facial schwannomas. Also, not a single case of hemifacial spasm was identified.

Conclusion. Radiosurgery of CPC tumors with a marginal dose from 12 to 15 Gy has a high degree of safety in relation to the facial nerve. This makes it possible to justify radiosurgery as alternative to traditional neurosurgical interventions.
Local Self-Government in the Context of the 2020 Constitutional Reform
Authors: Stepanov M. M.
Published: June 2021

Local self-government in modern Russia was revived in the early 1990s. The legislation then in force was aimed at separating local self-government from the system of state authorities and ensuring its autonomy. The independence of local self-government was also established by the 1993 Constitution of Russia. As a follow-up to the provisions of the Constitution, the Federal Law dated 06 Oct 2003 No. 131-FZ “On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” was adopted. The Federal Law initiated the reform of local self-government aimed at improving the efficiency of local self-government bodies as an independent level of the public power most closely associated with the population. However, the municipal power is now radically different from that created in those years. This is primarily preconditioned by the lack of the necessary amount of its own revenue necessary to enable the municipal power to exercise its authority independently. The majority of municipalities need state assistance and interbudgetary transfers. The necessity to exercise control over the state budget spendings has led to the fact that the main trend in the development of local self-government in Russia was its integration into the vertical of public power. The legal crystallization of this process was carried out by amending the current legislation, especially the Federal Law No. 131-FZ dated 06 Oct 2003. The Constitutional Reform of 2020 has legitimized these changes.
Participation of Third Parties not Making Independent Claims Regarding the Subject Matter of the Dispute in Civil Proceedings in the Light of Procedural Economy
Authors: Guziy D. A.
Published: June 2021

The author explores the issue of participation of third parties not making independent claims regarding the subject matter of the dispute in the context of achieving procedural efficiency in civil proceedings. It is noted that the current rules of civil and arbitration procedural legislation concerning third parties that do not make independent claims regarding the subject matter of the dispute are imperfect and, on the one hand, they have some potential to ensure the true implementation of the principle of procedural economy, and, on the other hand, to enhance the effectiveness of civil proceedings and the scope of safeguards applied to secure judicial protection. Joint consideration and resolution of principal and recourse claims may be treated as a key and promising technique in this regard. The author, using various methodological techniques, conducts a critical analysis of the domestic doctrine and legislation of pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern periods, and examines foreign experience on the subject at hand. The paper substantiates the conclusion about the possibility and expediency of joint consideration and resolution of the principal and recourse claims. It proposes to apply a mechanism for considering such claims jointly with due regard to the balance of interests of persons involved in the case. It is also noted that in a number of cases it is expedient to consider the principal and recourse claims in separate court proceedings. Summing up, the author expresses the opinion that the expansion of the judicial activity of the judicial activity should be permissible not only in the case of approval by the court of the settlement agreement, but also when the judicial activity results in making a court decision. In conclusion, it is noted that the mechanism of joint consideration and resolution of principal and recourse actions proposed by the author does not infringe the safeguards of civil procedural form and allows us to eliminate “defeat in rights” for the principal respondent (regredient).
Mistrust as Grounds for Recusation
Authors: Taran A. S.
Published: June 2021

Traditionally, the grounds for recusation are objective circumstances established in the course of criminal proceedings, which exclude the participation of certain subjects in the trial, regardless of the discretion and expression of the will of the parties. The paper substantiates that "other circumstances giving grounds to believe that they are personally, directly or indirectly, interested in the outcome of this criminal case" provided for by Part 2 of Art. 61 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation as a basis for challenging a judge and other persons do not imply the mandatory establishment of interest, it is enough that there are circumstances giving grounds to believe its existence. It is in this interpretation of the law that the general idea underlying the institution of recusation is realized, i.e. ensuring confidence in the composition of the court. Ignoring mistrust in the composition of the court as a basis for recusation leads to violations of the law when resolving recusations in the event of an interpersonal conflict in court, when establishing a corporate relationship between a party and the composition of the court, when recalling a defense attorney, etc.
The Quality of Legal Assistance within the Framework of Approaches and Terminology of the Draft Concept for Regulation of Professional Legal Assistance Market
Authors: Gavrilov S. N.
Published: June 2021

The paper analyzes the general approaches and terminology of the draft Concept of regulation of the professional legal assistance market, prepared by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. The text of the document published in October 2017 is analyzed in the context of the problem of the quality of professional legal assistance (services). The author analyzes the main approaches to solving the problem of the quality of legal assistance, which were consolidated in the document. The author analyses the use of the terms “effectiveness”, “activity”, “inactivity”, “professionalism”, “reasonableness”, “adherence to principles”, “timeliness”, “competence”, “qualification”, “efficiency”, “availability”, “fairness”, “quality” in the draft Concept of regulation of the market of professional legal assistance. In order to organize terminology work properly, it is necessary to identify and analyze legislative and corporate (advocacy) requirements for the procedure and results of legal assistance, which make it possible to establish features (criteria) of the quality of legal assistance and fix them in the form of appropriate terms and definitions in a special terminology system. The “quality problem” in the professional legal assistance market must be addressed through the prism of quality management approaches by creating organizational and legal systems (mechanisms, procedures) that ensure the implementation of the main functions of legal assistance quality management, which, in turn, can be ensured by the formation of a national system of professional legal assistance. The purpose of creating such a system should be to ensure the proper quality of qualified legal assistance provided in the market of professional legal assistance (services).
Dynamics of clinical and immunological parameters in the integrated management of endo-­periodontal lesions, including laser therapy
Authors: Blashkova S L , Krikun E V , Mustafin I G , Valeeva I Kh , Blashkova Ju V
Published: June 2021

Aim. To determine the dynamics of clinical changes and indicators of local immunity in integrating the diode laser into the treatment of the endo-periodontal lesion.

Methods. We performed a prospective study of 110 patients of both sexes aged 2555 years with endo-periodontal lesions. The patients were randomized into two groups the main group (n=54), whose received root canal treatment and periodontal pockets with a diode laser in addition to standard therapy, which included endodontic and periodontal treatment, and control group (n=56), whose patients received only standard treatment. The GreenVermillion oral hygiene index and Russells periodontal index, as well as the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the mixed saliva of patients, were determined during the study. Quantitative data were described using median, lower and upper quartiles. These data were visualized using boxplots. The MannWhitney U test was used to compare differences between an independent set of quantitative data. Differences were considered significant at a confidence level of p 0.05.

Results. The median oral hygiene index decreased from 2.9 to 1.0 (p 0.001) in the main group and from 2.9 to 1.6 (p 0.001) in the control group. The median Russell's periodontal index decreased from 3.38 to 1.3 (p 0.001) in the main group and from 3.95 to 2.0 (p 0.001) in the control group. The median immunoglobulin A content decreased from 5.25 to 3.13 mg/L (p 0.001) in the main group and from 5.23 to 4.21 mg/L (p 0.001) in the control group. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha level decreased from 16.65 pg/ml in the main group and 18.28 pg/ml in the control group to 3.96 and 8.44 pg/ml (p 0.001), respectively. The median cytokine interleukin-10 levels increased from 0.83 to 2.94 pg/ml (p 0.001) in the main group and from 1.29 to 2.13 pg/ml (p 0.001) in the control group.

Conclusion. The use of a diode laser in the treatment of endo-periodontal lesions has a positive effect on the dynamics of clinical and immunological parameters, as evidenced by a statistically significant decrease in clinical indices, as well as the normalization of the immunoglobulin A and cytokine levels in mixed saliva.
Contractions dynamic of “fast” and “slow” rat muscle under spinal shock and modulators of contraction
Authors: Valiullin V V , Khairullin A E , Eremeev A A , Teplov A Yu , Shaikhutdinova A R , Kashtanov N M , Grishin S N
Published: June 2021

Aim. To study the dynamics of neuromotor regulation of the contractile function of fast and slow muscles in rodents during spinal shock by spinal cord transection at the level Тh11Тh12.

Methods. The experiments were carried out on laboratory rats weighing 140180 g. The animals were divided into two groups: Control (8 rats) and Spinal shock (6 rats). The lower leg muscles, m. soleus and m. extensor digitorum longus (m. EDL), were dissected by partially isolating without disrupting the connection with the body's circulatory system. The sciatic nerve was stimulated with single electrical impulses (10 V, 0.5 ms). Contractions of both muscles caused by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve before and after the injection of the substances into the femoral artery tubocurarine (1 mM) or norepinephrine (10 mM) were recorded in animals of both groups. After spinalization, muscle contractions were re-recorded during electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve before and 10 minutes after the injection of tubocurarine or noradrenaline into the femoral artery in the same concentrations.

Results. After spinalization of the animal, the contraction force of the muscle m. EDL fibers increased to 0.430.03 g (p=0.040), but the temporal parameters remained unchanged. M. soleus, on the contrary, showed a decrease in the contraction time to 0.0530.005 s (p=0.045), and no change in the contraction force was observed under these conditions. Intra-arterial administration of norepinephrine in the control group resulted in an increase of m. soleus contractions up to 1.210.17 g (p=0.048), and m. EDL up to 0.570.07 g (p=0.043). The administration of norepinephrine in spinalized animals caused an increase in the contraction of m. soleus up to 1.210.09 g (p=0.047), and m. EDL up to 0.660.05 g (p=0.043). The blocker of postsynaptic cholinergic receptors tubocurarine administration reduced the force of contraction of both muscle types in both control [m. soleus up to 0.390.03 g (p=0.039), m. EDL up to 0.110.02 g (p=0.042)] and spinalized [m. soleus up to 0.340.05 g (p=0.039), m. EDL up to 0.150.04 g (p=0.040)] animals.

Conclusion. The data obtained demonstrate the presence of significant differences in the mechanisms of control of contractile activity in the fast and slow skeletal muscles of warm-blooded animals; the persistence of the similar effect of the basic modulators on the contraction of both muscles with such a striking reaction to spinalization highlights the contribution of neurotrophic control to the functioning of fast and slow motor units.
Features of the Development and Application of Diagnostic ELISA Systems for the Detection of Antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Clinical Practice
Authors: Zagoruyko Elena I. , Kudlay Dmitriy A. , Lysenko Maryana A. , Fomina Darya S. , Vinogradov Ilya V. , Bogachev Vladislav V. , Starostenko Alena A.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 has reached the scale of a pandemic. Detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 is an aid in the diagnosis of COVID-19, and is also used to assess the immune response to the infection. Since COVID-19 is a new disease, seroconversions and kinetics of antibody to SARS-CoV-2 are not well understood.

The aim of the study is to evaluate seroconversions and kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (IgA, IgM, IgG and total) in real clinical practice using test systems of national production.

Materials and methods. 327 blood samples obtained from patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 with active infection, convalescents and healthy donors were analyzed. Detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was carried out by enzyme immunoassay method using registered test systems Antigma-A, Antigma-G, Antigma-Screen and an unregistered test system for the detection of class M immunoglobulins.

Results. When testing for total antibodies, 50.0% of samples were positive on days 1-7; 89.4% on days 8-14; 96.2% on days 15-45; and 93.3% after the 46th day after disease onset. The earliest seroconversions occurred on the 3rd day; antibodies were detected up to 81 days after the disease onset.

Conclusions. The frequency of detecting seroconversions when using test systems of the Antigma series in real clinical practice is comparable to the data published in the world scientific literature and is high enough to use these test systems in the COVID-19 diagnostics.
Anti-cytokine effects of chalcon analogues in experimental "cytokine storm" in rats
Authors: Chernikov Maksim V. , Pozdnyakov Dmitriy I. , Rukovitsina Victoria M. , Oganesyan Eduard T.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-cytokine effects of chalcon analogues in an experimental cytokine storm.

Materials and methods. The cytokine storm was modeled in rats by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide at a dose of 10 mg / kg. The test compounds and the reference drug dexamethasone were administered intraperitoneal 60 minutes after lipopolysaccharide injection at doses of 20 mg / kg and 3 mg / kg, respectively. After 24 hours, changes of the cytokines concentration in blood serum (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-), body temperature, and the severity of pulmonary edema were evaluated.

Results. In the study, it was found that the administration of all the test-compounds reduced symptoms of hypercytokinemia, reflected in the decrease in the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- with high content of IL-10 in serum. At the same time, the body temperature and pulmonary edema in rats against the background of the injection of the test chalcon analogues relative to animals that did not receive pharmacological support also decreased. Against the background of the administration of dexamethasone to animals, the concentration of IL-6, IL-1 and TNF- decreased by 25.0% (p 0.05); 44.1% (p 0.05) and 33.3% (p 0.05), as well as an increase in the content of IL-10 by 60.0% (p 0.05), with a decrease in pulmonary edema and body temperature. It should be noted that there were no statistically significant differences between the groups of animals that were received the studied chalcon analogues and the reference drug.

Conclusion. The study showed the relevance of further study of representatives of a number of chalcon derivatives as non-hormonal means of correcting the cytokine storm with a high therapeutic potential.
Perancangan Desain Web sebagai Media Interaktif Nusantara Wedding Expo
Authors: Wulaningratri Gabrielle Princessa , Wardhana Mitra Istiar , Hermanto Yon Ade Lose
Published: June 2021

Abstract: Nusantara Wedding Expo is one of the businesses that has been affected by the Minister of Health regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic. So that the exhibition can be held safely, interactive media is required to connect wedding businesses with the bride and groom. Therefore, a website is chosen as the media for the virtual exhibition, as it can provide what the user needs and can be accessed easily. The purpose of this design is to create web-based media that can be used as a tool for the virtual exhibition of the Nusantara Wedding Expo. This design uses Suyanto’s design method, with the stages of formulating the background, formulating problems, collecting data from library data to field data, analyzing data, making syntheses, determining site goals, making work schedules, sitemap, sketches to producing the final design. The result of this design is interactive media in the form of a website. This website has a dimension of 1366 x 768 px with some supporting media such as video tutorials on how to use the website and a banner on digital media.

Keywords: web design; interactive media; wedding expo

Abstrak: Nusantara Wedding Expo adalah salah satu bisnis yang terdampak oleh peraturan dari Menteri Kesehatan tentang PSBB di tengah pandemi COVID-19. Supaya pameran tetap dapat diselenggarakan secara aman, penyelenggara Nusantara Wedding Expo memerlukan sebuah media interaktif untuk menghubungkan bisnis pernikahan dan para calon pengantin. Maka dari itu situs web dipilih agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pengunjung serta dapat diakses dengan mudah dan aman. Dari tujuan tersebut, perancangan ini berfungsi untuk membuat media berbentuk situs web yang dapat digunakan sebagai sarana pameran virtual Nusantara Wedding Expo. Perancangan ini menggunakan metode perancangan Suyanto, dengan tahapan berupa merumuskan latar belakang, merumuskan masalah, mengumpulkan data dari data pustaka dan data lapangan, menganalisis data, membuat sintesis, menentukan tujuan situs, membuat jadwal kerja, sitemap, sketsa hingga menghasilkan desain final. Hasil dari perancangan ini adalah media interaktif berupa situs web untuk pameran virtual Nusantara Wedding Expo. Situs web ini berdimensi 1366 x 768 px dan dilengkapi dengan media pendukung berupa video tutorial cara penggunaan situs web serta banner pada media digital.

Kata kunci: desain web, media interaktif, pameran pernikahan
Conceptual Metaphor Analysis of Donald Trump's Recognition of Jerusalem in Al Jazeera's News Articles
Authors: Sari Fibrie Permata , Cahyono Bambang Yudi , Apriana Aulia
Published: June 2021

Abstract: This study investigates the conceptual metaphor of Donald Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel in Al-Jazeera’s news articles which were published online through its website. To achieve the objective of this study, the researcher referred to the general notion of metaphor and Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the researcher obtained 10 news articles reporting about the topic. However, 6 articles were randomly picked to be examined further. Two stages of Charteris-Black’s method (2004) namely Identification and Interpretation were adopted to examine the data. MIP were employed in the Identification stage to determine which lexical units were metaphorical. The results show that there are 4 conceptual metaphors which represent the US recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that Donald Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem is conceptualized into different kinds of domain. Regarding the theoretical framework, it can also be concluded that both frameworks provide a foundation in understanding the application of metaphors in news articles.

Keywords: conceptual metaphor, Donald Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem, Al-Jazeera, news articles

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki metafora konseptual tentang pengakuan Donald Trump atas kota Yerusalem sebagai ibu kota Israel pada artikel berita yang dipublikasikan oleh situs web Al-Jazeera. Beberapa teori seperti teori umum metafora dan Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) dijadikan sebagai acuan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, 10 artikel berita dengan topik terkait kemudian dikumpulkan sebagai data. Enam artikel berita diambil secara acak untuk dianalisis lebih dalam. Dua tahap analisis, yaitu Identification dan Interpretation dari Metode Charteris-Black (2004), dipakai untuk menganalisis data penelitian. Pada tahap Identification, prosedur MIP digunakan untuk menganalisis unit leksikal mana yang termasuk metaforik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada 4 konseptual metafora yang merepresentasikan pengakuan Donald Trump atas Yerusalem sebagai ibukota dari Israel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengakuan Donald Trump atas Yerusalem dikonseptualisasikan ke dalam domain yang berbeda-beda. Mengenai hubungannya dengan kerangka teori, teori umum metafora dan Conceptual Metaphor Theory keduanya memberikan landasan dalam memahami aplikasi metafora dalam artikel berita.  

Kata kunci: metafora konseptual, pengakuan Donald Trump atas Yerusalem, Al-Jazeera, artikel berita
Long-term outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with tibial plateau fractures repaired with Ilizarov external fixation
Authors:   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Karasev A.G. , Zhdanov A.S. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Darvin E.O. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Karaseva T.Yu. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Sutyagin I.V. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Lushnikov A.V. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Introduction Fractures of the tibial plateau are classified by the location of the fracture line, associated capsular ligamentous injuries to the knee and can result from different types of high – or low-energy mechanisms of injury in patients of any age with different bone quality. These factors are responsible for different long-term functional outcomes and the lack of a generally accepted algorithm for diagnosis and treatment. The objective of the study was to analyze the long-term functional outcomes in patients with tibial plateau fractures treated with the Ilizarov external fixation. Material and methods The review included long-term outcomes of 59 patients with tibial plateau fractures treated with the Ilizarov external fixator. Long-term results were evaluated in 53 patients out of 59 (89.83 %) using a subjective and objective clinical assessment system.The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 4 years. Patients were requested to complete the Oxford Knee Score questionnaire used in subjective outcome. Results Knee joint function of patients with tibial plateau fractures treated with the Ilizarov external fixation were rated as satisfactory (n = 34; 64.15 %); 16 (30.19 %) and 3 (5.66 %) patients were diagnosed with mild and moderate gonarthrosis, respectively. No infection that would affect the outcome was recorded in the study group. The mean Oxford Knee Score was 43.06 ± 3.44 (SD) in Schatzker type I split fractures of the lateral femoral condyle; 40.50 ± 5.57 (SD) in Schatzker type II split fractures combined with lateral articular surface depression; 40.71 ± 4.27 (SD) in Schatzker type III depression fractures; 42.33 ± 4.22 (SD) in Schatzker type IV medial condylar fractures; 38.50 ± 7.19 (SD) in Schatzker type V bicondylar fractures and 37.50 ± 5.17 (SD) in Schatzker type VI bicondylar fractures with dissociation of the metaphysis and diaphysis. Conclusions Tibial plateau fractures can be treated with the Ilizarov external fixation and also with the use of screws at any point of time that allows closed or open reduction of the fracture to ensure the early function of the operated limb, stable bone fixation, control of the fixation stiffness at any stage of treatment facilitating good and excellent functional outcomes.
The serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with high-energy trauma complicated with infection
Authors:   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Rakhmatulina A.A. , Luneva S.N. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Nakoskina N.V. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Kliushin N.M. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Lyulin S.V. ,   Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation,   Central City Clinical Hospital № 23, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Dolganova T.I. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Menshchikova T.I. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Leonchuk D.S. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Introduction There is a lack of studies analyzing the molecular aspects of body functioning in purulent complications of bone tissue. The purpose of the review was to explore the serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in patients with high-energy trauma complicated with infection. Material and methods The study included 36 individuals who sustained a high-energy injury. The participants were identified as no-infection patients (Group I) and those who developed infection during treatment (Group II). Enzyme immunoassay was employed to quantify VEGF with Thermofisher immunoassay analyzer (USA). The study was performed according to the methodology from the R & D Systems kit manual (Angiopoietin-1 and -2 (Ang-1, Ang-2)), platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB), Invitrogen (epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), RayBiotech (macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), Biomerika Inc. (Calcitonin-calciotonin) USA) and Immunodiagnostic (bone sialoprotein (BSP) (Germany). HITACHI HI Vision Avius ultrasound scanner was used to explore vessels of the soft tissues and the periosteum at the site of regeneration (defect). Results There were no differences in the serum growth factor levels among the participants by gender. Patients of Group II showed 60% reduction in the Ang-2 and VEGF concentration as compared with that in the no-infection group. The serum EGF concentration was 1.6 times higher in individuals suffering from complications of high-energy trauma than in no-infection patients. There were no significant differences in platelet-derived growth factor PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB between the groups. Сhanges in the VEGF concentration were confirmed by the results of Doppler ultrasonography. Conclusion The findings suggest that the VEGFs examined can be additional diagnostic and prognostic markers for the cohort of patients.
The Ilizarov technology for closed reduction of hip dislocation in children with developmental hip dysplasia
Authors:   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Teplenky M.P. , Oleinikov E.V. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Bunov V.S. ,   Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kurgan, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Introduction The possibility of gradual closed reduction of hip dislocation in children over 1.5 years old is considered doubtful. Purpose Analysis of long-term results of applying the Ilizarov technique of gradual closed reduction in combination with the reconstruction of the hip joint components. Methods The outcomes of treatment of 62 children (81 joints) with congenital hip dislocation in the follow-up period from 5 to 16 years were studied. The treatment method included closed reduction of the dislocation using the technology proposed by G.A. Ilizarov and subsequent reconstruction of the joint components. The patients are divided into two groups based on their age. The first group included 33 patients (43 joints) under the age of 5 years. The second group consisted of 29 patients (38 joints) aged 5–8 years. Results Closed reduction failed in five cases. The recurrence of dislocation after closed reduction was 5.3 %. The rate of aseptic necrosis after closed reduction was 9.7 %. Good functional outcomes were reported in 87.7 %. They were significantly better in the younger group. The proportion of good anatomical results did not depend on age and was 77 % in general. Poor results were obtained in 8.8 %. Conclusion The anatomical and functional outcomes and the number of complications by using the technique described were comparable to other methods of gradual closed reduction of hip dislocation. But the technique we have described expands the age restrictions for its use.
Tibial fibrous dysplasia in children treated by Ilizarov technique – a review of treatment options
Authors:   Bari-Ilizarov Orthopaedic Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Bari M.M. , Shahidul I. ,   Bari-Ilizarov Orthopaedic Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Tanvir A. ,   Bari-Ilizarov Orthopaedic Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh,   Bari-Ilizarov Orthopaedic Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Bari A.M. Shayan R. ,   Bari-Ilizarov Orthopaedic Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Published: June 2021

Fibrous dysplasia is a pathological condition, where normal medullary bone is replaced by fibrous tissue and small woven specules of bone. Fibrous dysplasia can occur in epiphysis, metaphysis or diaphysis. Occasionally, biopsy is necessary to establish the diagnosis. We present a review of operative treatment using the Ilizarov technique.