bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escolarização de estudantes surdos em escolas comuns: visão do professor comum, especializado e interlocutor
Authors: Carneiro Relma Urel Carbone , Andrade Mayara Elois
Published: May 2021

A educação escolar em ambientes comuns de ensino a estudantes surdos tem sido discutida de forma mais efetiva nas últimas décadas, decorrente do movimento de inclusão escolar, que pressupõe a reorganização da escola para o atendimento de todos os estudantes, independente de características individuais, garantindo assim o direito a uma educação equânime. A partir  dessas reflexões nos propusemos a desenvolver uma pesquisa de campo com o objetivo de analisar o processo de ensino aprendizagem de estudantes surdos usuários de LIBRAS incluídos em escolas comuns, a partir da visão do professor da classe comum, do professor especializado em Educação Especial e do professor interlocutor. Realizamos uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e como procedimento metodológico utilizamos o Estudo de Caso. O instrumento para coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada, com a elaboração de roteiros distintos para cada um dos participantes, professora da sala comum da disciplina de História, professora especializada que realizava o atendimento educacional especializado - AEE e a professora interlocutora que fazia a mediação da comunicação. Os dados foram analisados a partir da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram que embora as professoras participantes sejam a favor da inclusão de alunos surdos na classe comum, apontam limites como a falta de um intérprete de LIBRAS, falta de formação específica para o professor da classe comum, pouco conhecimento da LIBRAS pelo aluno surdo, falta de recursos e espaços específicos para o desenvolvimento do AEE, inexistência de um trabalho colaborativo entre os professores, entre outros.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL POLICIES OF PAKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Sociology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Nabi Mukhtyar , Nazir Hifza ,   Department of Sociology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad
Published: May 2021

Education is the backbone for the development of any country in the world. It lays the foundation for social, political and economic uplift. It is widely accepted that for the prosperity of any country, quality education of their citizens is indispensable. Quality education is only possible if there are good governmental policies for its implementation. Pakistan is among the underdeveloped nations of the world and faced critical problems of education over the past many years. After the independence, from 1947 to 2017, one educational conference and eight educational policies have been implemented to upgrade the education system of the country. This paper critically examines the educational policies from 1947 to 2017 which were developed by government. It also focuses to identify the flaws in each policy which hinders the implementation and caused the reasons for its failure. The paper also suggested certain ways to forward these policies effectively in order to bring positive change in country’s education. Keywords: Educational policy; Quality education; Formation and implementation, Pakistan
A STUDY ON USE OF SPANKING AS A STRATEGY BY PARENTS AND TEACHERS IN GILGIT, PAKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Educational Development, Karakorum International University, Qutoshi Sadruddin Bahadur , Jabeen Zahra ,   Department of Educational Development, Karakorum International University, Sharar Tajuddin ,   Department of Education, University of Chitral, Chitral
Published: May 2021

Spanking to discipline a child has been a matter of great debate and concern throughout history. However, there is no such literature available on the relationship between gender, age and spanking to discipline a child from Gilgit-Baltistan Province, Pakistan. Realizing the severity and importance of the current project was initiated to explain the views of parents and teachers on a Likert scale. A quantitative random survey research using a standardised instrument was carried out during 2019. Data was processed using descriptive and inferential statistical measures. Chi square test results revealed that there is a significant relationship between gender and spanking to discipline. However, Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation do not show any significant relationship between the two variables. Both genders favour spanking to discipline children. However, females believe more in spanking to discipline. Keywords: Child discipline, correlation, punishment, spanking, personality, behaviour
Performance Analysis of DPSK Technique for Optical Transmission Systems
Authors: Yaseen Zeyad
Published: May 2021

The long-distance high data rate transmission is accompanied by many transmission defects, which reduce the performance of optical communication systems. Therefore, due to the need to increase data capacity for the end user, signal regeneration techniques were used to mitigate these non-linear defects in the electric or optical field. Several techniques used to modify the optical signal, which is the possible solution to reduce the limit of non-linear transmission defects, especially before converting the signal from the optical field to the electric field. Since most of the techniques used to reduce the attenuation in the optical signal do not have the ability to reduce the error rate to reach a bit error rate (BER) less than 10-10 with a transmission capacity less than -10dBm. In this paper, the performance evaluation of DPSK has been validated for its adequate use in transmission systems. Nevertheless, the performance of the DPSK optical system was assessed to rely on a different coding format such as: Return to Zero (RZ) & Non-Return to Zero (NRZ-DPSK). The system is designed to withstand high data rate on long-distance optical transmission systems. The system investigated was simulated with OptiSystemTM 13.0 commercial software. The investigated system demonstrated the ability to mitigate nonlinear impairments from the noisy optical DPSK system with high bit-error rate (BER) improvement at low power transmission. Optical DPSK demonstrates the ability to send high-rate data transmission systems for use in the next generation of optical networks.
Types of Lexical Cohesion and Grammatical Cohesion in Thesis Abstracts
Authors: Kirana Rena Puspa , Mukhrizal Mukhrizal , Jayanti Fernandita Gusweni
Published: May 2021

This research attempted at investigating the types of lexical cohesion and grammatical cohesion used in thesis abstracts composed by undergraduate English department students of Universitas Bengkulu and also the errors of using cohesion. The research was designed as a descriptive quantitative method. The corpus of this study was 30 thesis abstracts composed by undergraduate English department students of Universitas Bengkulu. The instrument of this research was self-developed checklist. In analyzing data, the researchers were using formula by Sugiono. The results of this research showed that : 1.) There were 458 as the total number of six lexical cohesion types found in 30 thesis abstracts and the most dominant type is Repetition (58.7%). 2.) There were 783 as the total number of four grammatical cohesion types found in 30 thesis abstracts and the most dominant type is Reference (70.2%). 3.) There werere three errors of using cohesion namely omission of conjunction and selection of conjunction. Therefore, it was concluded that the thesis abstracts composed by undergraduate English department students of Universitas Bengkulu were in the percentage of 99.76% good.
Analysis of Social Deixis in the Madness of King George Movie
Authors: Putra Zovi Dwi , Sofyan Dedi , Sembiring Barnabas
Published: May 2021

This research was aimed at finding out the kinds of social deixis and to explain the social stratification factors in each kind of social deixis in The Madness of King George movie. The type of this research was descriptived qualitative research. Instrument of research that used in this research is the documentation (library research). The matrix table used to collect the data about social deixis in the Madness of King George Movie. According to the matrix table, there are 965 kinds of Relational Social Deixis and 504 kinds of Absolute social deixis used in this movie. The dominant type of Relational Social Deixis is first personal pronoun which refers to the speaker itself. It was used 279 times from total of social deixis used in this movie. In Absolute Social Deixis category, the dominant type was “Sir” which was used 144 times. It was also explained that Relational Social Deixis category is dominant with the frequency of usage around 965 times more than Absolute Social Deixis with the frequency of usage around 504 times from total of social deixis used in this movie. Third, there were three factors of social stratification used in all utterances contained social deixis in this movie. It was found that the dominant social deixis, whether Relational or Absolute Social Deixis, refered to the male characters than the female characters. Because in the 19th century, the man held more power to lead the society and dominant in public relations, especially in Kingdom territory.
Investigating Students’ Self-Efficacy on the Use of Oral Peer Feedback in Speaking Subject
Authors: Ratih Ratih , Rustandi Andi , Febriani R. Bunga
Published: May 2021

The study attempted to investigate students' self-efficacy on the use of oral peer feedback in speaking subject. Afterward, The researcher used a questionnaire to find out the level of student self-efficacy in giving oral peer feedback and the interview to find out how students with high and low self-efficacy give their oral peer feedback. This study employed qualitative strategies by using case study. The participants were 25 students who had used oral peer feedback in their speaking subject. The findings revealed that the students’ self-efficacy played such a big role in giving oral peer feedback in speaking subject. Their beliefs influence the process of achieving their goals and their performance as well. Furthermore, students with high self-efficacy tend to believe that they can handle any situation that they face effectively, use certain strategies, and learn from their experiences. Although, the students with low self-efficacy did not have certain strategies to face their performance which lead them into failure. Thus, the failure caused them to feel anxiety, sad, apathetic and worried all the time. Based on the findings self-efficacy has a great effect on the students’ achievement and performance in giving oral peer feedback in speaking subject and even the other courses.
Improving the Students’ Ability In Writing Recount Text Through Collaborative Task Writing on Facebook
Authors: Astuti Fuji , Febriani R. Bunga , Rustandi Andi
Published: May 2021

This study focused on improving the students’ ability in writing recount text through collaborative task writing on Facebook. It was aimed at finding out how the teacher improves the students’ ability in writing recount text through collaborative writing on Facebook and figuring out the teacher and the students’ perceptions on the use of collaborative writing on Facebook in teaching and learning writing of recount text. This case study was conducted to the English teacher and 20 students at the tenth grade of a Senior High School in Kawali. Three instruments covering the observation, the interview, and the questionnaire were chosen to gain the data. The conversational analysis and the statistical techniques were used to analyze the data which were adapted from Dawson (2007, p. 123). The findings showed that the teacher improved the students’ ability in writing recount text through collaborative task writing on Facebook. The process of using collaborative writing on Facebook in teaching writing of recount text was implemented in ten steps. Those steps were quite similar with the steps proposed by Ahmed (2017, p. 149). The findings also showed that the use of collaborative writing technique on Facebook was beneficial for the teacher in teaching writing of recount text. The findings also showed that the students perceive positively on the use of collaborative task writing on Facebook in teaching and learning writing of recount text. It was concluded that the use of collaborative task writing on Facebook brings some benefits for the teacher and the students in teaching and learning writing of recount text. Therefore, the English teachers were suggested to encourage the students to implement collaborative writing on Facebook in teaching writing of recount text. Meanwhile, the students were also suggested to solve problems in learning writing of recount text by implementing collaboration writing technique on Facebook. In addition, the other researchers can use the result of this research in carrying out further studies.
The Derivational and Compounding Process in William Shakespeare’s Literary Works
Authors: Cahyani Rosalia Revita , Istinara Sara Immaculata Terra , Damayanti Agnes Chika , Pertiwi Kurniadining Sri
Published: May 2021

One importance of studying morphology in literary work is increase the vocabulary. Perhaps the biggest contributions to the English language of Shakespeare may be the addition of new words and phrases that have transformed the language and make it more vivid and descriptive. Shakespeare also changing nouns into verbs, verbs into adjectives, connecting words never used together, adding affixes, and devising words wholly original. This study aims to know how the words are formed through derivational and compounding process. In this paper, we take the data from some of William Shakespeare’s works. We use qualitative method by using morphological approach to analyze the data. Morphological approach focused on the identification and interpretation of the meaning of the words and the analysis  of the morphemes attached to the words.  We collect the data by downloading 11 of William Shakespeare's works, reading the words, selecting the data, and summarizing the data. Then, it’s followed by describing and determining the function of the morphemes and analyzing the change of the word class as techniques of analyzing the data.  The result of this study shows that for derivational process, affix  {-ish },  {-y },  {-less },  {-ate },  {-eous },  {fore- },  {pur- },  {fore- },  {-y }, and  {un- }  as adjectivalizer, affix  {-ify },  {en- },  {un- }, and  {fore- }  as verbalizer, and affix  {-er },  {-y }, and  {-ment },  as nominalizer. For compounding process, we found there are two types of compound word : hyphenated compound and closed compound.
An Analysis of Professional Teachers’ Questions in EFL Classroom
Authors: Navtria Shelly , Mulyadi Mulyadi , Puspita Hilda
Published: May 2021

In English language classroom, teachers’ questions are important parts of teaching English language. Teachers need to know what kind of questions which potentially support students learning the target language. However, students did not actively participate in learning particularly when responding to teachers’ questions. To overcome this problem, it is important for teachers to modify their questions through some techniques in order to get students’ responses. This study reports the types of teachers’ questions used by English teachers in the classroom. This research was descriptive quantitative research. The research was conducted at the tenth grade of SMA N 5 Bengkulu. The data were collected through observation and video recording. The teachers’ questions were analyzed using types according to Taxonomy Blooms revised by Anderson and Krathwohl (2001). The research findings show that both teachers the English teachers only used three from the six types. Namely, remembering, understanding, and analyzing questions. The types that did not appear were applying, evaluating, and creating questions. The modification of modifying questions are repeating and rephrasing. The dominant of remembering questions and how teachers modified the questions are influenced by teachers’ competence, students’ competence, a situation of teaching English language, and teaching material.
Problems in Teaching English in Indian Classrooms: Issues and Remedies
Authors: Jain Sarita
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the present status of English as a second language in India. It defines language and identifies the factors that affect second language learning. It discusses different problems faced by learners of English and what is the right way of language acquisition for second language learners in India. Language acts as an instrument to express effectively in various communicative situations. However, it is the very second language which requires a conscious and diligent, systematic efforts to acquire or master it. Second language acquisition is really a big challenge for all native speakers of that language who really deal with it. The majority of Indian students, particularly from rural pockets, especially in the states of Bihar, eastern U.P. and Maharashtra, consider this seven –letter word as a magical and mystical word. A feeling of uneasiness sets in, the moment they hear something in English. As a result of this, teachers who handle English classes face insurmountable difficulties. Students find it difficult to listen and to understand the English language. What are the reasons for this? What are the remedial measures to be taken to alleviate these problems? This paper is an attempt to discuss the nature of second language acquisition and the factors responsible for its slow acquisition. Appropriate and adequate remedial measures are cited for the successful rectification of these problems.
The Development of Audio-Visual Media for News Text Learning at SMP Negeri 2 Lawang Kidul Tanjung Enim
Authors: Sari Desta Lingga , Missriani Missriani , Ardiasnyah Arif
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine and identify the development of audio-visual media for  news text learning at SMP Negeri 2 Lawang Kidul Tanjung Enim, to find out and identify the results of the validation of audio-visual media for news texts learning for students of SMP Negeri 2 Lawang Kidul Tanjung Enim, and to find out and identify the results of news text learning for students of SMP Negeri 2 Lawang Kidul Tanjung Enim after the application of audio-visual media. The design of audio-visual media for learning news text for students of SMP Negeri 2 Lawang Kidul Tanjung Enim which has been accepted by the experts is feasible to be tested. This study used research and development methods. The research and development steps consist of 10 stages which includes problem identification, data collection, product design (Initial Draft), expert validation, design improvement, small group trials, product revisions, large group trials, product revisions, and final production The results of the validation of media experts, material experts and language experts on the development of audio-visual media products for learning news texts for students at the State Junior High School 2 Lawang Kidul Tanjung Enim are in the very good category. Applied audio-visual media has increased the criteria for being very effective.
Students’ Perceptions Toward the Implementation of Quipper School as an E-Learning Platform in Teaching English
Authors: Septinawati Santi , Febriani R. Bunga , Tarwana Wawan , Syafryadin Syafryadin
Published: May 2021

This article reports the students’ perceptions in implementing Quipper School as an e- learning platform in teaching English and to know the advantages and disadvantages of it. This study took two sample classes with the overall fifty-three students by using cluster sampling technique and focusing on the survey study method. Twenty questionnaires provided to identify the students’ perceptions about quipper school. A depth information appear to be as important to gain more information and continuous responses to explore the advantages and disadvantages of implementing quipper school that have been undertaken by interviewing the students.  The findings revealed that the students are comfortable learning with technology and also prefer to use IT. More significantly, The advantages of quipper school keep interaction between teacher and student in and out of the classroom, students still get lesson or review the material even though the teacher is not present in the classroom, and enhances students’ learning experiences using new learning system. Besides, quipper school also has disadvantages when it is applied in learning process, such as unstable internet connections, limited facilities (computer) that support learning by using quipper school, and there was no speaking material which it could be implemented in quipper school. It can be noted today learning and teaching can benefit from using quipper school in teaching English, students still get a lesson even though the teacher is not present to provide direct instruction and students can improve their achievement in learning English by reviewing the material wherever and whenever they are.
The Rhetorical Structure of Short Lecture by Famous Applied Linguists Jack C. Richards Posted on YouTube
Authors: Widodo Idham , Diani Irma , Safnil Safnil
Published: May 2021

This study aims to investigate the rhetorical structure of move and step of short lecture by famous applied linguist Jack C. Richards posted on YouTube. The data of this study were 22 video-transcripts of a short lecture of Jack C Richards. The results: (1) three moves of rhetorical structure such as M1 – Introduction, M2 – Content of Short Lecture, and M3 – Conclusion. They are 100% occurred in all of the data analyzed as obligatory category. (2) the most often found steps in the short lectures that occurred 100% and classified as obligatory category, such as M2SB – Argumentation of the short lecture and M3SA – Summarizing the points and the steps with 60-99% percentage of occurrences as classified as conventional category, namely are M1SE – Announcing topic of oral presentation, M1SA – Greeting the Audience, M2SC – Illustration of short lecture, and M2SA – Description of short lecture.  The new proposed model of spoken genre analysis adapted from Ali and Singh (2019), the Sermon model by Cheong cited in Safnil (2010) and Seliman (1996) for identifying the rhetorical structure of short lecture is effective enough to capture the possible rhetorical moves and steps in a whole text of short lecture by famous applied linguist posted in YouTube.
The Preservation of Balinese Spoken Language at the Ngaben and Potong Gigi Event
Authors: Astiti Made Sumiati , Wardarita Ratu , Fitriani Yessi
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to describe the preservation of Balinese spoken language in the Ngaben and Potong Gigi events in Nusa Raya Village, Belitang III District, East OKU Regency. The method used in this research was a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques in this study used observation and recording techniques. The results showed that the preservation of Balinese spoken language at the Ngaben event consisting of (1) the family domain, (2) the work background domain, (3) the religion domain, (4) the customs domain, while the retention of Balinese spoken language at the Potong Gigi event consisted of (1) Sangkep activity / Traditional meeting, (2) the core activities of Metatah/Potong Gigi remained very well. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the preservation of Balinese spoken language in the Ngaben and Potong Gigi event in Nusa Raya Village, Belitang III District still survives well.
The Effect of Discovery Learning Model on Students’ Ability to Write Fantasy Stories
Authors: Noviani Nia , Missriani Missriani , Wardiyah Dessy
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of the Discovery Learning model on improving the ability to write fantasy stories of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Prabumulih. This research is an experimental research (Experimental Research). Data collection techniques using observation, tests and documentation. The data analysis technique used independent samples t test. The results stated that 1) The ability to write fantasy stories of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Prabumulih after using the Discovery Learning learning model was in the high category. Then the ability to write fantasy stories using conventional learning models is in the high enough category; 2) There is an effect of the Discovery Learning learning model on the ability to write fantasy stories of VII grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Prabumulih based on the average value of the ability to write fantasy stories of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Prabumulih after using the Discovery Learning learning model which is higher than the ability to write fantasy stories of students which uses conventional amounting to 90.00. Therefore, it can be that the Ho3 hypothesis is accepted, meaning that there is an influence of the Discovery Learning Model on the ability to write fantasy stories of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Prabumulih.
Using Wattpad to Promote the Students’ Responses to Literary Works: EFL College Students’ Perspectives and Experiences of Enjoying Short Stories
Authors: Anggitasari Mega , Tarwana Wawan , Febriani R. Bunga , Syafryadin Syafryadin
Published: May 2021

This research is to investigate how EFL college students response in enjoying short stories by using Wattpad and to find out how their perception and experiences in enjoying short stories by means reading Wattpad. As interest in literacy activities, EFL college students’ choose Wattpad as an application to read short stories, Wattpad is a fairly popular and efficient application for reading short stories and can provide comments directly within the short story paragraphs and Wattpad has many advantages in promoting reader-response theory to EFL college students’ .This case study was conducted to the college students and 40 students. Three instruments covering the observation, the interview, and the questionnaire were chosen to gain the data. It was concluded that there is the positive feedback of using Wattpad as a media to learning literature similar to those previous studies, this research also focuses on Wattpad as a media to learning literature.
The Structure and Function of Healing And Charm Spells
Authors: Asmara Andri , Fitriani Yessi , Ardiansyah Arif
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to determine the structure and function of healing and charm spells in Makarti Jaya village, Banyuasin District. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. The source of the data was 22 healing and charm spells which are taken from three informants. The data analysis used was content analysis. The results of this study indicated that not all spells mention a name component because some spells do not have a name element but still do not reduce the magical value of the spell, for a name is not a measure of whether the spell is effective. In the component of the opening greeting, The suggestions received in the analyzed spell are aimed at making the spell look pleasing. In the objective component, all spells have the same goal, which is to captivate the opposite sex. Whereas the closing element of all spells uses words from Arabic such as laillahailallah muhamadarasulullah. From the analysis of the seven healing spells and fifteen charm spells, it showed that the spell has a different structure and function according to the verse contained in the spell.
An Analysis of Teacher’s Strategies in Teaching Speaking
Authors: Nurbaktiah Aisyah , Sabaruddin Syafrizal , Sofyan Dedy
Published: May 2021

The objectives of the research were to find out the strategies used by teachers in teaching speaking at SMAN 5 Kota Bengkulu and to describe how the teachers implement the strategies in the teaching process. This research was descriptive qualitative. The subjects were two English teachers who taught at tenth grade. The data were collected by using field notes and video documentation and were analyzed by using four procedures by Miles and Huberman namely data collection, data reduction, displaying data, and conclusion. The results showed that teacher 1 used seven strategies from twelve speaking strategies and teacher 2 used eight speaking strategies. The strategies used were Task Completion (50%), Opinion Sharing (83.3%), Information Transfer (16.6%), Reasoning Gap (33.3%), Questioning (100%), Brainstorming (33.3%), Scaffolding (100%), and Drilling (66.6%). Meanwhile, the other four speaking strategies were not used such as Information Gap, Jigsaw, Information Gathering, and Role Play. For the implementation, the teachers gave explanation and instruction to the students before applying the strategy. The teachers asked the students to work in pairs or groups which made them to communicate in English. In short, although the name of the strategy used by teachers was similar to each other, but the steps or ways carried out by them was different from one teaching to another. Furthermore, the teachers applied the strategies based on students’ condition, need, and material in order to help students become more active in the process of teaching and learning.
Code Switching and Code Mixing in English Language Learning Class
Authors: Pharamita Theresya Adhelya , Hardiah Mei , Damayanti Indah
Published: May 2021

This research concerned with the types of code switching and code mixing used by the teachers, teachers’ reasons in using code switching and code mixing, and students’ perception of code switching and code mixing used by the teacher in the class. This research was a descriptive qualitative research. The researcher used observation checklist, video recording, interview, and questionnaire as the instruments of this research. The data of this research was analyzed by classifying the types of code switching used theory of Poplack and the types code mixing used theory of Hoffman. The result of this research shows that the English teachers did all the types of code switching in English class. Namely; tag code switching, inter-sentential code switching, and intra-sentential code switching. Meanwhile, the researcher found that the teachers only used two from the three types of code mixing. Namely; intra-sentential code mixing and intra-lexical code mixing. The type that did not appear was involvement in a change of pronunciation. This study revealed that the teachers’ reason in using code switching and code mixing are; to help the students in learning English and to make the students more focus in learning process. For the students’ perception, most of the students agreed that the use of code switching and code mixing helps them understand the materials in English language learning class.
Adjacent Consonants and the Universality of Sonority Sequencing Principle in Dotyali Dialects: Syllable Contact Analysis
Authors: Bhatta Dharm Dev
Published: May 2021

This paper presents on all the possible adjacent consonant letters in Dotyali, one of the descendant language of Sanskrit, mainly spoken in Shudoor Paschim Nepal [sʊdʊrə-pəssɪmə] (Far-western) and compares the results of their phonological changes in seven local contemporary speech (dialects)：Doteli，Dadeldhuri，Bajhangi，Achhami，Baitadeli，Darchuli and Bajureli. Based on the corpus data from the field survey conducted in between July-September 2017 on a list of 1000 frequently used Dotyali words, this paper comes with a conclusion that even the onset clusters with rising sonority profile (except glides) are broken up by vowel epenthesis or simplify the clusters by deletion. It is revealed that dialects, except from the Achhami and Bajureli, the consonants with different degree of sonority across the syllable boundary tend to be changed due to syllable contact to meet Sonority hierchy, but the sonority distance between two consonants (coda and onset consonants) varies, therefore phonological changes like assimilation, dissimilation, desonorization, contact anaptyxis, contact methasis etc. goes differently. The phonological changes in Bajureli occurs maily due to other separate independent constraints.
Teacher’s Teaching Strategies in EFL Class
Authors: Hayati Anrems Rafika , Afriani Zelvia Liska , Akbarjono Ali
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze on how the implementation of teaching strategies used by English teacher and the reasons teacher used certain strategies for teaching in SMPN 20 Kota Bengkulu. The subject of this research is English teacher who taught at the first grade in SMPN 20 Kota Bengkulu. The researcher used Roy Killen’s theory to analyze the teaching strategies used by English teacher. The theory of Roy Killen has nine teaching strategies that can be applied by English teacher in teaching and learning process in the classroom. There are direct instruction, discussion, small-group work, co-operative learning, problem solving, research, role play, case study, and writing. The research method used by the researcher was qualitative approach. The techniques of data collection were observation, interview, and documentation. The results of this research show that the teacher used some varieties of teaching strategies which are: direct instruction, discussion, small-group, and role play. The reasons teacher those strategies because those strategies made students more actively on follow the learning process, students could learn together and share their knowledge each other. The teacher used the same strategies for teaching English at first grade, but in term implementation of teaching strategies, the teacher still has difficulties to apply strategies in class during Covid-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Teacher, EFL, Teaching Strategies
A case of pericardial tamponade caused by abdominal knife stab injury
Authors:   Department of Anesthesia, The Special Characteristic Medicine Center of Chinese People Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China, Cao Zhongping
Published: May 2021

This paper reported a case of pericardial tamponade was caused by the blood from abdominal organ injury, which flowed through the diaphragm and pericardial holes into the pericardium, liver injury, gastric injury, pancreatic injury, diaphragmatic break were found by the following laparotomy exploration.
Obesity - COVID-19 and mechanical ventilation of intubated patient
Authors:   Anesthesia Department, General Hospital of Larisa, Greece, Maria Dalamagka
Published: May 2021

Obesity as a disease causes a restrictive lung disease and is a sufficient predisposing factor for difficult ventilation of the patient in the ventilator. In addition to covid-19, the phenomenon of hard lung is observed as the ventilation of intubated patients is very difficult and recruitment is quite difficult to achieve. The combination is quite difficult as these patients oppose the ventilator. This paper aims to explore the link between obesity and mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients.
The Sinewy Swirls- Angioleiomyoma
Authors:   Histopathologist in A.B. Diagnostics, New Delhi, India, Bajaj Anubha
Published: May 2021

Angioleiomyoma is an exceptional, benign, solitary neoplasm originating from tunica media of vascular smooth muscle. The neoplasm commonly represents as a uniform, well defined, solitary, soft, nodular, gradually progressive, bluish or purple lesion commonly beneath <2 centimetres magnitude with an absence of accompanying inflammation. Tumefaction is composed of thickened smooth muscle fibres and vascular channels with circumscribing attenuated fibrous tissue capsule. Additionally, the lesion may denominate organizing thrombus, mature adipose tissue cell aggregates and lymphocytic infiltrate. The neoplasm is immune reactive to desmin, myosin, α-smooth muscle actin, HHF35, calponin and h-caldesmon. Angioleiomyoma necessitates a segregation from angiomyolipoma, leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei, glioblastoma multiforme, arteriovenous malformation, cavernous haemangioma, angiofibroma, primary intracranial myopericytoma, glomus tumour, traumatic neuroma, eccrine spiradenoma, angiolipoma, ganglion cyst, neuroma, fibroma, lipoma, neurofibroma, neurilemmoma, salivary gland neoplasms as mucocoele, pleomorphic adenoma, vascular neoplasms as lymphangioma, haemangioma, pyogenic granuloma or dermoid cyst. Comprehensive surgical excision of the lesion with a tumour -free perimeter is an optimal treatment strategy.
Vaccination contribution to world health: History, current and future
Authors:   Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, A El-Shafei Hanaa , El-Kady Ebtsam M ,   Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, Saleh Soad A ,   Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
Published: May 2021

Vaccination is the most effective way of avoiding widespread immunity from infectious diseases. For many parts of the world, vaccination is largely responsible for eradicating and preventing infectious diseases. Efforts to vaccinate have met with some controversy on scientific, legal, political, medical, and religious grounds, but no major religions condemn vaccination, and some find it a duty because of the potential for saving lives. Early success brought widespread recognition, and programs for mass vaccination dramatically decreased the incidence of many diseases in various geographic regions. Vaccination programs are seen as a major contributor to a 20th-century decline in infectious diseases. Over recent years, the national coverage of vaccination has declined, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring and assessment of vaccination programmers.
Clinical observations in three clinical cases with locally advanced chordomas. What is needed for early diagnosis with improved survival?
Authors:   Complex Oncology Center, Department of Radiotherapy, Marinova Lena ,   Russe, Bulgaria, Georgiev Radoslav ,   UMHAT’’St. Marina’’, Varna, Department of Imaging, Radiation therapy and Nuclear medicine; Varna, Bulgaria, Evgeniev Nikolay ,   Complex Oncology Center, Department of Medical oncology; Russe, Bulgaria
Published: May 2021

Chordoma is a rare malignant neoplasm. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, which contributes for the poor prognosis and high mortality. In this article, we will consider three clinical cases with locally advanced chordomas in order to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis by MRI and the need for strict pathohistological and immunohistochemical analysis. Our observations reported late diagnosis, slow tumor growth, and numerous partial tumor resections, enhancing the mitotic activity of chordoma tumor cells. After numerous operations, rapid local tumor progression with aggressive infiltration of adjacent healthy tissues was observed. Hematogenous dissemination is observed after the third year of primary diagnosis and repeated surgical interventions of locally advanced chordoma. The prognosis in locally advanced chordomas is extremely unfavorable. Early diagnosis requires MRI and biopsy with exact pathomorphological and immunohistochemical analysis. To improve the treatment results, early diagnosis and complex treatment, including radical surgery and assessment of the need for high-tech postoperative radiotherapy are required.
Kernicterus: The continuing occurrence of a preventable chronic disabling neurologic condition
Authors:   Baghdad Medical City and the Iraqi Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq, Jalal Al-Mosawi Aamir
Published: May 2021

Background: Kernicterus is a preventable condition that has become increasingly rare in many countries in the world. It is chronic severe form of bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction that is associated with a variety of metal and neurological abnormalities resulting from bilirubininduced brain damage mostly in the basal ganglia and during the neonatal period. Despite the condition has been increasingly considered as preventable, it is still seen in some geographic areas where diagnostic and preventive interventions continue to experience failures. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the continuing occurrence of a preventable chronic disabling neurologic condition, and also to warn from the lack of advancement of preventive services in this geographic region. Patients and methods: Two unrelated patients with kernicterus observed at the Children Teaching Hospital of Baghdad Medical City are described. Results: The first patient was a seven-year old boy who was seen during the year 2019. He experienced neonatal hyperbilirubinemia of 28 mg/dL, and developed kernicterus presenting with mental retardation associated with delayed motor and speech development despite normal hearing, over-activity and behavioral abnormalities. The second patient was a two-year and eight months old girl who was also seen during the year 2019. She developed neonatal hyperbilirubinemia of 24 mg/dL that was attributed to ABO blood incompatibility, and required an exchange transfusion. The girl was spastic and had delayed speech and development and was unable to sit or stand without support. The patients were initially treated based on our extensive published experiences with the treatment of various neurologic disorders including cerebral palsy and kernicterus. However, they couldn’t be followed because of the emergence of covid-19 global pandemic. Conclusion: Although kernicterus has become increasingly rare in many countries in the world, it is still seen in areas with poor preventive services.
Deep vein thrombosis as sole presentation of COVID-19 infection
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine, Thi-Qar Medical College, Thi-Qar University, Iraq, Fadhel Hlaihel Abbas
Published: May 2021

As is the case for so many aspects of COVID-19 pandemic, information on clinical complications caused by this virus continues to emerge and evolve in real time. The majority of patients who have tested positive for COVID-19 present with symptoms of an acute respiratory illness including fever, body aches, lethargy, dry cough and breathing difficulties. However, it appears that the novel coronavirus may impact more than just the lungs, especially in severe cases.
The role of cardiac magnetic resonance for arrhythmic risk stratification in a patient with myocarditis
Authors:   Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Ospedale Maggiore, Modica, Italy, Fede Giuseppe , Abate Giuseppe ,   Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Ospedale Maggiore, Modica, Italy, Tasca Giovanni ,   Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Ospedale Maggiore, Modica, Italy, Guccione Nicoletta ,   Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Ospedale Maggiore, Modica, Italy, Belluardo Paola ,   Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Ospedale Maggiore, Modica, Italy, Tommasi Carmelo Di ,   Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Ospedale Maggiore, Modica, Italy, Solarino Salvatore ,   Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Ospedale Maggiore, Modica, Italy, Sulsenti Giuseppe ,   Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Ospedale Maggiore, Modica, Italy, Guarrella Maria Luisa ,   Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Ospedale Maggiore, Modica, Italy, Piccione Guglielmo ,   Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Ospedale Maggiore, Modica, Italy, Ficili Sabina ,   Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Ospedale Maggiore, Modica, Italy
Published: May 2021

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of cardiac muscle with a variable clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic cases to different degrees of left ventricular systolic dysfunction up to heart failure and dilated heart disease. Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) can occur in patients with myocarditis and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) may be indicated in patients with life-threatening VA who are not in the acute phase of myocarditis and who are receiving optimal medical therapy. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below 35%, which is used as the main criterion for stratifying the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), has low sensitivity and low specificity for arrhythmic risk stratification in patients with myocarditis. Myocardial scar is the main determinant for VA in these patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), using late gadolinium enhancement(LGE), has an excellent ability to determinate the extension and characterization of myocardial scar, indeed CMR can potentially improve SCD risk stratification and indication for ICD implantation in patients with myocarditis. We present a case of a 36 years-old male presenting to the Emergency Department with a monomorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia in whom MRI revealed myocardial-pericardial recurrent inflammatory involvement and worsening disease progression. ICD was implanted in consideration of the high risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
Gastric outlet obstruction in a cystic fibrosis patient
Authors:   Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital, Virginia, USA, Khan Muhammad Zubair , Ahamd Waqar ,   Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital, Virginia, USA, Patel Kirtenkumar ,   Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital, Virginia, USA, Chaudary Nauman ,   Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital, Virginia, USA
Published: May 2021

Eosinophilic gastritis is an uncommon disease characterized by focal or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastric wall and is usually associated with dyspepsia and peripheral eosinophilia. The stomach and small bowel are usually involved in eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder (EGID) which is called Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis (EG), but the esophagus and colon are rarely involved. Gastrointestinal obstruction rarely occurs with eosinophilic gastroenteritis and usually happens when the eosinophils predominantly involve the muscular layer of the gastrointestinal tract. Here we present a case of a Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patient in which gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is caused by eosinophilic gastritis and treated successfully with steroids.
Diaphragm dysfunction (paralysis) in a cystic fibrosis patient
Authors:   Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital, Virginia, USA, Khan Muhammad Zubair , Chaudary Nauman ,   Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital, Virginia, USA, Abraham Aida ,   St Mary Medical Center, USA, Patel Kirtenkumar ,   Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital, Virginia, USA
Published: May 2021

Diaphragmatic paralysis (DP) is a rare disease and usually occurs secondary to systemic processes, although idiopathic forms have been described. Management of diaphragmatic paralysis depends on multiple factors, including the etiology, presence, or absence of symptoms, and more importantly, the presence of nocturnal hypoventilation. DP has been described in both unilateral and bilateral forms. In unilateral DP, most patients are asymptomatic and often do not require intervention. Symptomatic patients with unilateral DP, however, will require plication. In bilateral DP, phrenic nerve pacing or nasal continuous positive airway pressure, bilateral positive airway pressure (CPAP BiPAP), or intermittent positive pressure ventilation by the nasal or oral mask is recommended. We describe a case of unilateral DP in a cystic fibrosis patient treated by surgical plication.
The ANSDM Converters Dynamic Range Design Process
Authors: Golański Ryszard , Godek Juliusz
Published: May 2021

The results of analytic and simulating works proved that for nonstationary sources, the delta converters with adaptive sampling expose higher coding efficiency than the former proposals, based on uniform sampling methods. The knowledge of the sampling interval range and the algorithm of the Nonuniform Sampling Delta Modulation and Adaptive Nonuniform Sampling Delta Modulation allows finding the necessary number of the sampling intervals and their values that maximizes SNR. The total dynamic range of the ANSDM modulator is the product of the dynamic range both from sampling interval and step size adaptation. Due to the high complexity of the calculations, the ANSDMsoft program was developed to support computing. All computational works were carried out using the Maple environment. Maple allows to solve complex mathematical functions and display their results in a simple way. Most importantly, it supports the LambertW function, used in the computing of NSDM or ANSDM modulators parameters. Graphic illustrations of the NSDM and ANSDM modulator dynamic range as a function of the minimum and maximum sampling frequency are presented.