bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Western Australian adolescent emotional wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020
Authors: Thomas H. M. , Runions K. C. , Lester L. , Lombardi K. , Epstein M. , Mandzufas J. , Barrow T. , Ang S. , Leahy A. , Mullane M. , Whelan A. , Coffin J. , Mitrou F. , Zubrick S. R. , Bowen A. C. , Gething P. W. , Cross D.
Published: January 2022

Background

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been vast and are not limited to physical health. Many adolescents have experienced disruptions to daily life, including changes in their school routine and family’s financial or emotional security, potentially impacting their emotional wellbeing. In low COVID-19 prevalence settings, the impact of isolation has been mitigated for most young people through continued face-to-face schooling, yet there may still be significant impacts on their wellbeing that could be attributed to the pandemic.

Methods

We report on data from 32,849 surveys from Year 7–12 students in 40 schools over two 2020 survey cycles (June/July: 19,240; October: 13,609), drawn from a study of 79 primary and secondary schools across Western Australia, Australia. The Child Health Utility Index (CHU9D) was used to measure difficulties and distress in responding secondary school students only. Using comparable Australian data collected six years prior to the pandemic, the CHU9D was calibrated against the Kessler-10 to establish a reliable threshold for CHU9D-rated distress.

Results

Compared to 14% of responding 12–18-year-olds in 2013/2014, in both 2020 survey cycles almost 40% of secondary students returned a CHU9D score above a threshold indicative of elevated difficulties and distress. Student distress increased significantly between June and October 2020. Female students, those in older Grades, those with few friendships or perceived poor quality friendships, and those with poor connectedness to school were more likely to score above the threshold.

Conclusions

In a large dataset collected during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of secondary school students with scores indicative of difficulties and distress was substantially higher than a 2013/2014 benchmark, and distress increased as the pandemic progressed, despite the low local prevalence of COVID-19. This may indicate a general decline in social and emotional wellbeing exacerbated by the events of the pandemic.

Trial registration: ANZCTRN (ACTRN12620000922976). Retrospectively registered 17/08/2020. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380429&isReview=true.
Kinetic control concept for the diffusion processes of paracetamol active molecules across affinity polymer membranes from acidic solutions
Authors: Tarhouchi Sanae , Louafy Rkia , El Atmani El Houssine , Hlaïbi Miloudi
Published: January 2022

Background

Paracetamol compound remains the most used pharmaceutical as an analgesic and antipyretic for pain and fever, often identified in aquatic environments. The elimination of this compound from wastewater is one of the critical operations carried out by advanced industries. Our work objective was to assess studies based on membrane processes by using two membranes, polymer inclusion membrane and grafted polymer membrane containing gluconic acid as an extractive agent for extracting and recovering paracetamol compound from aqueous solutions.

Result

The elaborated membrane characterizations were assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Kinetic and thermodynamic models have been applied to determine the values of macroscopic (PandJ0), microscopic (D*andKass), activation and thermodynamic parameters (Ea,ΔH#,ΔS#,ΔH#diss, andΔH#th). All results showed that the PVA–GA was more performant than its counterpart GPM–GA, with apparent diffusion coefficient values (107D*) of 41.807 and 31.211 cm2 s−1respectively, at T = 308 K. In addition, the extraction process for these membranes was more efficient at pH = 1. The relatively low values of activation energy (Ea), activation association enthalpy (ΔH≠ass), and activation dissociation enthalpy (ΔH≠diss) have indicated a kinetic control for the oriented processes studied across the adopted membranes much more than the energetic counterpart.

Conclusion

The results presented for the quantification of oriented membrane process ensured clean, sustainable, and environmentally friendly methods for the extraction and recovery of paracetamol molecule as a high-value substance.
Supramolecular assembly of protein building blocks: from folding to function
Authors: Kim Nam Hyeong , Choi Hojae , Shahzad Zafar Muhammad , Ki Heesoo , Lee Jaekyoung , Chae Heeyeop , Kim Yong Ho
Published: January 2022

Several phenomena occurring throughout the life of living things start and end with proteins. Various proteins form one complex structure to control detailed reactions. In contrast, one protein forms various structures and implements other biological phenomena depending on the situation. The basic principle that forms these hierarchical structures is protein self-assembly. A single building block is sufficient to create homogeneous structures with complex shapes, such as rings, filaments, or containers. These assemblies are widely used in biology as they enable multivalent binding, ultra-sensitive regulation, and compartmentalization. Moreover, with advances in the computational design of protein folding and protein–protein interfaces, considerable progress has recently been made in the de novo design of protein assemblies. Our review presents a description of the components of supramolecular protein assembly and their application in understanding biological phenomena to therapeutics.
Risk and benefits of temporary pacemaker electrodes in adult open-heart surgery—a systematic review
Authors: Enevoldsen Malene S. , Nielsen Per Hostrup , Hasenkam J. Michael
Published: January 2022

Background

To assess the achieved risk and benefits of inserting temporary epicardial pacemaker electrodes after open-heart surgery for potential treatment of postoperative cardiac arrhythmias, and to investigate the extent of its use in clinical practice.

Main text

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and repeated in Embase and Scopus using the PRISMA guidelines. The search identified 905 studies and resulted in 12 included studies, where the type of surgery, study design, total number of included patients, number of patients having temporary pacemaker electrodes inserted, number of patients requiring temporary pacing, primary reason for pacing, significant factors predicting temporary pacing, registered complications and study conclusion were assessed. Eight papers concluded that routine insertion of temporary pacemaker electrodes in all postoperative patients is unnecessary. One paper concluded that they should always be inserted, while three papers concluded that pacing is useful in the postoperative period, but did not recommend a frequency of which they should be inserted.

Conclusions

The literature suggests that the subgroup of younger otherwise healthy patients without preoperative arrhythmia having isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery or single valve surgery should not routinely have temporary pacemaker electrodes inserted.
Feasibility of Wearable-Based Remote Monitoring in Patients During Intensive Treatment for Aggressive Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Jacobsen Malte , Rottmann Pauline , Dembek Till A. , Gerke Anna L. , Gholamipoor Rahil , Blum Christopher , Hartmann Niels-Ulrik , Verket Marlo , Kaivers Jennifer , Jäger Paul , Baermann Ben-Niklas , Heinemann Lutz , Marx Nikolaus , Müller-Wieland Dirk , Kollmann Markus , Seyfarth Melchior , Kobbe Guido
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE

Intensive treatment protocols for aggressive hematologic malignancies harbor a high risk of serious clinical complications, such as infections. Current techniques of monitoring vital signs to detect such complications are cumbersome and often fail to diagnose them early. Continuous monitoring of vital signs and physical activity by means of an upper arm medical wearable allowing 24/7 streaming of such parameters may be a promising alternative.

METHODS

This single-arm, single-center observational trial evaluated symptom-related patient-reported outcomes and feasibility of a wearable-based remote patient monitoring. All wearable data were reviewed retrospectively and were not available to the patient or clinical staff. A total of 79 patients (54 inpatients and 25 outpatients) participated and received standard-of-care treatment for a hematologic malignancy. In addition, the wearable was continuously worn and self-managed by the patient to record multiple parameters such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, and physical activity.

RESULTS

Fifty-one patients (94.4%) in the inpatient cohort and 16 (64.0%) in the outpatient cohort reported gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, and emesis), pain, dyspnea, or shivering in at least one visit. With the wearable, vital signs and physical activity were recorded for a total of 1,304.8 days. Recordings accounted for 78.0% (63.0-88.5; median [interquartile range]) of the potential recording time for the inpatient cohort and 84.6% (76.3-90.2) for the outpatient cohort. Adherence to the wearable was comparable in both cohorts, but decreased moderately over time during the trial.

CONCLUSION

A high adherence to the wearable was observed in patients on intensive treatment protocols for a hematologic malignancy who experience high symptom burden. Remote patient monitoring of vital signs and physical activity was demonstrated to be feasible and of primarily sufficient quality.
Mainstreaming Genetic Testing for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Oncology Providers: A Survey of Current Practice
Authors: Czekalski Megan A. , Huziak Rachelle C. , Durst Andrea L. , Taylor Sarah , Mai Phuong L.
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE

With limitations in early detection and poor treatment response, ovarian cancer is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Up to 25% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is related to a hereditary predisposition. Current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend that all individuals diagnosed with EOC be offered germline genetic testing. Although this would ideally be performed by genetics professionals, a shortage of genetic counselors can affect timely access to these services. This study sought to investigate the current genetic testing practices of oncology providers to determine the feasibility of oncologist-led genetic testing for patients with EOC.

METHODS

A survey was distributed to members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists with questions regarding timing, frequency, and type of cancer genetic testing, referrals to genetics professionals, confidence with aspects of genetic testing, and any barriers to these processes.

RESULTS

We received 170 evaluable responses. Eighty-five percent of providers always ordered genetic testing for patients with EOC. Most providers ordered germline multigene panel testing (95.8%), generally at diagnosis (64.5%). Provider confidence with the genetic testing process was generally high and significantly differed by providers' testing practices, namely, respondents who reported always ordering genetic testing tended to be more confident in ordering testing ( P = .008), interpreting results ( P = .005), and counseling a patient ( P = .002). Patient disinterest and concerns for insurance coverage were commonly cited as barriers to testing and referrals.

CONCLUSION

The findings from this study suggest that oncologist-led genetic testing for patients with EOC, with referrals to genetics professionals when appropriate, has the potential to be a viable alternative service delivery model to increase access to genetic testing for patients diagnosed with EOC.
In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation Linked to Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Assessing the Brain Drug Disposition
Authors: Murata Yukiko , Neuhoff Sibylle , Rostami-Hodjegan Amin , Takita Hiroyuki , Al-Majdoub Zubida M. , Ogungbenro Kayode
Published: January 2022

Drug development for the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex endeavour with low success rates, as the structural complexity of the brain and specifically the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses tremendous challenges. Severalin vitrobrain systems have been evaluated, but the ultimate use of these data in terms of translation to human brain concentration profiles remains to be fully developed. Thus, linking upin vitro-to-in vivoextrapolation (IVIVE) strategies to physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of brain is a useful effort that allows better prediction of drug concentrations in CNS components. Such models may overcome some known aspects of inter-species differences in CNS drug disposition. Required physiological (i.e. systems) parameters in the model are derived from quantitative values in each organ. However, due to the inability to directly measure brain concentrations in humans, compound-specific (drug) parameters are often obtained fromin silicoorin vitrostudies. Such data are translated through IVIVE which could be also applied to preclinicalin vivoobservations. In such exercises, the limitations of the assays and inter-species differences should be adequately understood in order to verify these predictions with the observed concentration data. This report summarizes the state of IVIVE-PBPK-linked models and discusses shortcomings and areas of further research for better prediction of CNS drug disposition.
The future of education equity policy in a COVID-19 world: a qualitative systematic review of lessons from education policymaking
Authors: Cairney Paul , Kippin Sean
Published: January 2022

Background: COVID-19 had a major global impact on education, prompting concerns about its unequal effects and some impetus to reboot equity strategies. Yet, policy processes exhibit major gaps between such expectations and outcomes, and similar inequalities endured for decades before the pandemic. Our objective is to establish how education researchers, drawing on policy concepts and theories, explain and seek to address this problem.

Methods: A qualitative systematic review (2020-21), to identify peer reviewed research and commentary articles on education, equity, and policymaking, in specialist and general databases (ERIC, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane/ Social Systems Evidence). We did not apply additional quality measures. We used an immersive and inductive approach to identify key themes. We use these texts to produce a general narrative and explore how policy theory articles inform it.

Results: 140 texts (109 articles included; 31 texts snowballed) provide a non-trivial reference to policymaking. Limiting inclusion to English-language produced a bias towards Global North articles. Our comparison with a review of health equity research highlights distinctive elements in education. First, education equity is ambiguous and contested, with no settled global definition or agenda (although some countries and international organisations have disproportionate influence). Second, researchers critique ‘neoliberal’ approaches that dominate policymaking at the expense of ‘social justice’. Third, more studies provide ‘bottom-up’ analysis of ‘implementation gaps’. Fourth, more studies relate inequity to ineffective policymaking to address marginalised groups.

Conclusions: Few studies use policy theories to explain policymaking, but there is an education-specific literature performing a similar role. Compared to health research, there is more use of critical policy analysis to reflect on power and less focus on technical design issues. There is high certainty that current neoliberal policies are failing, but low certainty about how to challenge them successfully.
‘Working relationships’ across difference - a realist review of community engagement with malaria research
Authors: Vincent Robin , Adhikari Bipin , Duddy Claire , Richardson Emma , Wong Geoff , Lavery James , Molyneux Sassy ,   The REAL team: Mary Chambers, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Al Davies, Kate Gooding, Dorcas Kamuya, Vicki Marsh, Noni Mumba, Deborah Nyirenda, and Paulina Tindana.
Published: January 2022

Background: Community engagement (CE) is increasingly accepted as a critical aspect of health research, because of its potential to make research more ethical, relevant and well implemented. While CE activities linked to health research have proliferated in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs), and are increasingly described in published literature, there is a lack of conceptual clarity around how engagement is understood to ‘work’, and the aims and purposes of engagement are varied and often not made explicit. Ultimately, the evidence base for engagement remains underdeveloped.

Methods: To develop explanations for how and why CE with health research contributes to the pattern of outcomes observed in published literature, we conducted a realist review of CE with malaria research – a theory driven approach to evidence synthesis.

Results: We found that community engagement relies on the development of provisional ‘working relationships’ across differences, primarily of wealth, power and culture. These relationships are rooted in interactions that are experienced as relatively responsive and respectful, and that bring tangible research related benefits. Contextual factors affecting development of working relationships include the facilitating influence of research organisation commitment to and resources for engagement, and constraining factors linked to the prevailing ‘dominant health research paradigm context’, such as: differences of wealth and power between research centres and local populations and health systems; histories of colonialism and vertical health interventions; and external funding and control of health research.

Conclusions: The development of working relationships contributes to greater acceptance and participation in research by local stakeholders, who are particularly interested in research related access to health care and other benefits. At the same time, such relationships may involve an accommodation of some ethically problematic characteristics of the dominant health research paradigm, and thereby reproduce this paradigm rather than challenge it with a different logic of collaborative partnership.
Mitral regurgitation quantification by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains reproducible between software solutions
Authors: Grafton-Clarke Ciaran , Thornton George , Fidock Benjamin , Archer Gareth , Hose Rod , van der Geest Rob J. , Zhong Liang , Swift Andrew J. , Wild James M. , De Gárate Estefania , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara , Plein Sven , Treibel Thomas A. , Flather Marcus , Vassiliou Vassilios S. , Garg Pankaj
Published: January 2022

Background: The reproducibility of mitral regurgitation (MR) quantification by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging using different software solutions remains unclear. This research aimed to investigate the reproducibility of MR quantification between two software solutions: MASS (version 2019 EXP, LUMC, Netherlands) and CAAS (version 5.2, Pie Medical Imaging).

Methods: CMR data of 35 patients with MR (12 primary MR, 13 mitral valve repair/replacement, and ten secondary MR) was used. Four methods of MR volume quantification were studied, including two 4D-flow CMR methods (MRMVAV and MRJet) and two non-4D-flow techniques (MRStandard and MRLVRV). We conducted within-software and inter-software correlation and agreement analyses.

Results: All methods demonstrated significant correlation between the two software solutions: MRStandard (r=0.92, p<0.001), MRLVRV (r=0.95, p<0.001), MRJet (r=0.86, p<0.001), and MRMVAV (r=0.91, p<0.001). Between CAAS and MASS, MRJet and MRMVAV, compared to each of the four methods, were the only methods not to be associated with significant bias.

Conclusions: We conclude that 4D-flow CMR methods demonstrate equivalent reproducibility to non-4D-flow methods but greater levels of agreement between software solutions.
Septic arthritis of the hip joint caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae: a case report
Authors: Moon Jeong-Bo , Lee Jun-Hwan , Ryu Byung-Ju
Published: January 2022

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an uncommon cause of septic arthritis in adults. However, late detection can cause serious complications, including joint destruction and immobility. The purpose of this study was to report a case of successfully treated septic arthritis of the hip joint (SAHJ) caused by K. pneumoniae. A 49-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with fever and progressive severe pain in the right hip area. Although there was no abnormality on plain radiographs, ultrasonography revealed diffuse swelling of the right hip joint. Under ultrasonography guidance, the hip joint fluid was aspirated, and Gram staining and culturing were performed. The patient’s pain was significantly reduced after the joint aspiration. The Gram staining and culturing revealed gram-negative bacilli, which were subsequently identified as K. pneumoniae. According to the results, systemic intravenous antibiotic (ceftriaxone) was administered without complications, and the patient was discharged on oral antibiotic (ciprofloxacin). Clinical cases of septic arthritis of the knee or sacroiliac joint have been occasionally reported in adults, but cases of SAHJ are rare. Moreover, K. pneumonia-induced SAHJ has not been reported to date. Therefore, we report this very rare case and its successful treatment.
Why During the Polish-Bolshevik War Did Soviet Propaganda Discourse Dominate European Public Opinion?
Authors: Leinwand Aleksandra Julia
Published: January 2022

In 1919–20, a war took place between two states that had emerged at the end of the Great War: Soviet Russia and the reborn Republic of Poland. It was a clash of widely different legal, political, and ideological systems. The conflict took place not only on the military and diplomatic planes but also within propaganda. Upon taking power in Russia, the Bolsheviks, in their official speeches, presented themselves to the world as the defenders of peace and the sovereignty of all nations; the imperial aspirations of Soviet Russia were hidden under the slogans of a world revolution that would liberate oppressed peoples. The military and ideological conquest began with a concentrated focus on neighbouring countries, including Poland. At the same time, a suggestive propaganda message was sent to the West, setting out the course of events from Moscow’s point of view.
The Polish Army Ghetto: The Internship of Jewish Soldiers in Jabłonna in 1920
Authors: Henschel Christhardt
Published: January 2022

At the height of the Polish-Soviet War in August 1920, the Polish army interned thousands of its Jewish soldiers at Jabłonna near Warsaw. Although the internees were released after several weeks, the events gave rise to numerous domestic and foreign policy debates and shaped Polish-Jewish relations in the years to come. ‘Jabłonna’ stands pars pro toto for the problems of the Polish state and Polish society in dealing with a heterogeneous population at the beginning of the interwar period. In recent decades, the events surrounding the internment have been taken up and contextualised sporadically by historians and publicists, but usually without them having made recourse to the available archival sources.
Podatek akcyzowy od piwa w II Rzeczypospolitej na tle ogólnej kondycji przemysłu piwowarskiego
Authors: Dryja Sławomir
Published: January 2022

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę podatku akcyzowego nakładanego na przemysł piwowarski w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym. W szczególności wskazano na problemy wynikające z odmiennych systemów prawnych obowiązujących w poszczególnych dzielnicach zaborczych. Omówiono sposoby opodatkowania piwa ukształtowane w XIX w., w szczególności te obowiązujące w monarchii austro-węgierskiej, Rosji i Prusach. Wskazano podstawowe problemy przemysłu piwowarskiego w odrodzonym państwie polskim, w tym konieczność zrównania obciążeń podatkowych we wczesnych latach dwudziestych oraz w okresie szalejącej inflacji. Zwrócono uwagę na wysiłki środowiska piwowarskiego zmierzające do ustabilizowania produkcji i sprzedaży. Poddano ocenie uwarunkowania, jakim podlegało piwowarstwo w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego.
Embodied crises: cultural narratives, online social networks, and the mirror syndrome
Authors: Valdivia Pablo , Boegeholz Rosmery-Ann , Esteve del Valle Marc
Published: January 2022

This article addresses three interrelated phenomena: the irruption of new cultural narratives of power, the role of online social networks in the creation of embodied crises, and the emergence of the Mirror Syndrome as a new computer-mediated medical challenge. In doing so, it exposes the negative consequences that the cultural narratives of beauty canons executed by social media have, above all, for young women’s health.
La crisis del Covid-19 a través del videojuego. Análisis del discurso de Death Stranding: una metáfora de la solidaridad en tiempos de pandemia.
Authors: López Redondo Isaac , Angulo Egea María
Published: January 2022

La crisis desatada por el Covid-19 ha tenido su reflejo en los videojuegos. Los tiempos de confinamiento han convertido este medio de entretenimiento en un instrumento de evasión y en un estímulo para el ejercicio físico en los hogares. El videojuego ha ejercido también un rol persuasivo, con casos tan particulares como el de Death Stranding, una gran producción que recoge muchos de los aspectos sociales que ha acentuado esta crisis y cuyo discurso se analiza en este trabajo desde una perspectiva semioludológica.
El Roto y el nacionalismo: las viñetas como instrumento de reflexión y crítica.
Authors: Donofri Andrea o
Published: January 2022

Los pacientes con diabetes sienten la necesidad de apoyo social, tanto emocional como informativo, que pueden encontrar en redes sociales y grupos de apoyo online. Este artículo adopta un enfoque comunicativo basado en una revisión de la literatura existente para tratar de abordar los problemas que dicha participación puede ocasionar en lo que respecta al bienestar físico y emocional de las personas que padecen diabetes.
La participación de los pacientes con diabetes en grupos de apoyo online: implicaciones físicas y emocionales e impacto en la comunicación doctor-paciente.
Authors: Herrero Noelia
Published: January 2022

This article studies the presence of two frames, security and human drama, in the Spanish press, specifically in 10 newspapers, during the development of the Resolute Support Mission (2015-2020). Through computational research techniques, Support Vector Machines (SVM), 3,890 headlines have been analyzed. The article concludes that the Spanish press has undergone a process of securitization strongly influenced by the national context of Afghanistan and internationally.
Estado constitucional y migración: los desafíos por la pandemia de Covid-19.
Authors: Aguirre Moreno Judith , Casarin León Manlio Fabio
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo aborda el complejo problema de la migración en México durante el desarrollo de la pandemia por Covid-19, destacándose todo un conjunto de actuaciones u omisiones que al amparo de la legislación migratoria han desarrollado diversos agentes públicos en detrimento de los derechos de los migrantes, de lo que se desprende la necesidad de revisar y reformular el diseño normativo-institucional del Estado federal mexicano, a efecto de construir entornos que favorezcan el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas que contribuyan a su respeto y tutela efectiva, atendiendo a los estándares constitucionales e internacionales de protección de derechos humanos, como elementos sustantivo del Estado constitucional y democrático de derecho.
Algoritmos en el estrado, ¿realmente los aceptamos? Percepciones del uso de la inteligencia artificial en la toma de decisiones jurídico-penales.
Authors: Morales Moreno África María
Published: January 2022

La irrupción que las prácticas basadas en la evidencia, la automatización de decisiones y la inteligencia artificial han tenido en nuestra sociedad también ha alcanzado al sistema de justicia penal. Jueces y operadores jurídicos comienzan a interactuar con este tipo de herramientas aún sin tener la información suficiente sobre su modo de empleo ni sobre el impacto que realmente pueden llegar a tener. Todo ello, unido a la falta de regulación legal y de requisitos éticos para su utilización, parece estar generando entre la ciudadanía controversias, críticas e incluso cierto rechazo hacia la implementación de tales tecnologías. Con una muestra de 359 participantes, este estudio ofrece una primera aproximación al grado de aceptación ciudadana que existe en relación con el uso de la inteligencia artificial para la toma de decisiones jurídico-penales. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a que tal nivel de aceptación es bajo, lo cual abre camino al debate sobre qué condiciones y límites deben imponerse para que la aplicación de estas tecnologías sea legítima y acorde a los principios de todo Estado social, democrático y de Derecho.
Reflexiones sobre la expansión de la bio-delincuencia y el almacenamiento del perfil genético para investigaciones criminales.
Authors: Verdugo Guzmán Silvia Irene
Published: January 2022

El siglo XXI es testigo de un sinnúmero de cambios a nivel global en muchísimos aspectos. Avances tecnológicos cada vez más sofisticados no hacen más que mostrar un mundo que no deja de progresar en diversos campos, pero que no estaba listo para enfrentar problemas tan graves como la pandemia causada por coronavirus desde comienzos del 2020. En el presente texto se expondrán dos problemas y reflexiones que afectan el Derecho penal: por un lado, la preocupante expansión de la bio-delincuencia, entendida como aquellos delitos biológicos que se cometen a nivel de laboratorios, donde los principales involucrados son bio-delincuentes o biohackers. Y por otro, está el problema de licitud en el manejo de las bases de datos que almacenan perfiles genéticos, especialmente por parte de los Estados, por ejemplo, con plazos que no son del todo claros. Esto porque a partir del ADN es posible obtener información tan variada como el origen étnico de una persona, sexo, enfermedades, filiación familiar, etc., y claro, todo esto puede ser utilizado a efectos administrativos, sanitarios, civiles, penales, etc., siendo esto último lo que interesa en esta ocasión.
Una primera aproximación al uso de la Inteligencia Artificial como apoyo en el proceso legislativo.
Authors: Malo Peces Natalia
Published: January 2022

El presente estudio contiene algunos comentarios preliminares sobre la posibilidad de aplicar la Inteligencia Artificial a procesos como la producción de normas en el seno del Parlamento Español. A tal fin, se abordan ciertos temas de carácter iusfilosófico como la racionalidad del proceso legislativo o el derecho político. También se aporta una base fáctica a través de estadísticas sobre los distintos tipos de iniciativas legislativas y sus posibilidades de éxito. La crítica realizada plantea que el correcto uso de bases de datos puede proporcionar informes contextuales o referenciales que faciliten el control y seguimiento de la actividad parlamentaria. El uso de tales sistemas no sólo podría ser una fuente de apoyo jurídico, sino de evaluación profesional de los representantes parlamentarios. Se trata de una herramienta con un alto potencial para redirigir el flujo de la política española hacia cauces más eficientes.
Digital competence of future teachers in a Higher Education Institution in Paraguay]
Authors: Torres Gastelú Carlos Arturo , Lagunes Domínguez Agustín , Gómez García Melchor
Published: January 2022

La globalización de la tecnología ha provocado que gran parte del comportamiento social cambie, así como también en la forma de aprender y a enseñar. El objetivo fue analizar la percepción de los futuros docentes sobre su competencia digital en cuatro dimensiones (TIC, pedagógica, aspecto, ético y legal y formación profesional docente) que cursan los últimos años de en una Institución de Educación Superior en el Paraguay. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa de tipo no experimental correlacional, con un total de 330 participantes. Los resultados evidenciaron una formación muy básica a básica de competencia digital y se encontró que, a mayor formación en las TIC, mayor es el desarrollo de la competencia digital; así también, existe una relación significativa entre el género y las dimensiones (pedagógica, TIC y aspecto, ético y legal) y, no se encontró correlación entre la edad y las dimensiones de la compencia digital. Se concluye que existe una necesidad de formación continua en competencia digital de los futuros docentes
La Lectura en medios digitales y el proceso lector de los docentes en formación
Authors: Díaz Díaz Mario , Echegoyen Sanz Yolanda , Martín Ezpeleta Antonio León
Published: January 2022

Los ciudadanos del siglo XXI compaginan la lectura en soporte papel con los formatos digitales, y esto supone que se combinan dos procesos lectores con sus respectivas particularidades. La enseñanza de la lectura se encuentra ante el reto de enriquecer un método de alfabetización lectora que incluya también los textos digitales multimodales, lo que comporta al mismo tiempo una alfabetización digital. En este contexto, interesa tener en cuenta los hábitos y procesos lectores de los docentes encargados de desarrollar esa multiliteracidad, que irremediablemente condicionarán su función docente. Así, esta investigación tiene por objetivo estudiar las preferencias en el formato de lectura de 236 docentes en formación y cómo esto se ve reflejado en sus estrategias metacognitivas de lectura. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio transversal, cuantitativo y descriptivo con una muestra perteneciente a tres niveles educativos (Infantil, Primaria y Secundaria). Los resultados muestran una preferencia por el formato de lectura digital tanto para fines académicos como recreativos, y que hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del nivel educativo y de la edad. Además, se ha demostrado que existe una correlación entre las preferencias de lectura digital/papel y la conciencia de estrategias metacognitivas de lectura.
RealTE: Real-time Trajectory Estimation Over Large-Scale Road Networks
Authors: Zhou Qibin , Su Qingang , Yang Dingyu
Published: January 2022

Real-time traffic estimation focuses on predicting the travel time of one travel path, which is capable of helping drivers selecting an appropriate or favor path. Statistical analysis or neural network approaches have been explored to predict the travel time on a massive volume of traffic data. These methods need to be updated when the traffic varies frequently, which incurs tremendous overhead. We build a system RealTER⁢e⁢a⁢l⁢T⁢E, implemented on a popular and open source streaming system StormS⁢t⁢o⁢r⁢m to quickly deal with high speed trajectory data. In RealTER⁢e⁢a⁢l⁢T⁢E, we propose a locality-sensitive partition and deployment algorithm for a large road network. A histogram estimation approach is adopted to predict the traffic. This approach is general and able to be incremental updated in parallel. Extensive experiments are conducted on six real road networks and the results illustrate RealTE achieves higher throughput and lower prediction error than existing methods. The runtime of a traffic estimation is less than 11 seconds over a large road network and it takes only 619619 microseconds for model updates.
A Scheme of Selecting Vehicles to Assist Download Based on WebGIS for VANET
Authors: Zhou Qibin , Su Qinggang , Xiong Peng
Published: January 2022

The assisted download is an effective method solving the problem that the coverage range is insufficient when Wi-Fi access is used in VANET. For the low utilization of time-space resource within blind area and unbalanced download services in VANET, this paper proposes an approximate global optimum scheme to select vehicle based on WebGIS for assistance download. For WebGIS, this scheme uses a two-dimensional matrix to respectively define the time-space resource and the vehicle selecting behavior, and uses Markov Decision Process to solve the problem of time-space resource allocation within blind area, and utilizes the communication features of VANET to simplify the behavior space of vehicle selection so as to reduce the computing complexity. At the same time, Euclidean Distance(Metric) and Manhattan Distance are used as the basis of vehicle selection by the proposed scheme so that, in the case of possessing the balanced assisted download services, the target vehicles can increase effectively the total amount of user downloads. Experimental results show that because of the wider access range and platform independence of WebGIS, when user is in the case of relatively balanced download services, the total amount of downloads is increased by more than 20%. Moreover, WebGIS usually only needs to use Web browser (sometimes add some plug-ins) on the client side, so the system cost is greatly reduced.
Pengaruh Deklinasi Matahari terhadap parameter cuaca wilayah malang dan sekitarnya
Authors: Sasmito Achmad , Praja Alfan Sukmana , Muzayanah Linda Fitrotul , Sudewi Rahayu Sapta sri
Published: January 2022

Suhu udara dingin terjadi di dataran tinggi Dieng dan Lumajang pada akhir Juli hingga Agustus 2020. Pada saat yang hampir bersamaan, suhu udara panas  terjadi pula di Amerika Serikat, Jepang, dan Spanyol. Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh deklinasi matahari terhadap parameter cuaca di Malang dan sekitarnya. Selain itu, dibahas juga tinjauan fisis dan dinamis terjadinya suhu udara panas di Bumi bagian utara (BBU) dengan suhu udara dingin di bumi bagian selatan  (BBS). Data yang digunakan yaitu data numerik radiasi matahari di  atmosfer dan data observasi dari AWS yang meliputi unsur radiasi global, suhu, dan kelembapan udara permukaan. Sampel data diambil dari stasiun Klimatologi Malang dan Stasiun Geofisika Karang Kates yang mewakili BBS dan informasi cuaca dari BBU. Estimasi suhu dingin di Ranu Pani, Lumajang dilakukan dengan menggunakan model lapserate. Suhu dingin yang terjadi di wilayah jawa timur dipengaruhi oleh deklinasi matahari, radiasi matahari, koefisien transmisivitas dan proses adveksi suhu dari Australia. Saat matahari berada di utara, terjadi suhu dingin di bumi bagian selatan dan sebaliknya. Terjadinya suhu panas atau dingin  di setiap wilayah dipengaruhi juga oleh komposisi gas di atmosfer, geografi, topografi, dan pengaruh adveksi karena pengaruh udara di sekitarnya.
Penentuan Peak Kilovoltage (kVp) Pesawat Sinar-X Dengan Pemanfaatan Imaging Plate (IP) Di RSUD Dr. Moewardi
Authors: Cahyani Bibit , Utari Utari , Muhtarom Muhtarom
Published: January 2022

Research has been carried out to determine the kVp of X-ray aircraft using an imaging plate (IP) as a measuring tool. The imaging plate functions to record images after irradiation and as a detector to capture and store X-ray energy when it penetrates an object. The purpose of this study is to use IP as a kVp measurement tool. The method used is to create a characteristic curve of the relationship between the ratio of Region of Interest (ROI) of two aluminum filters to rated voltage (kVp). From the research obtained the equation y = 2816.61 x2 – 4532.19 x + 1878.65 with R2 = 0.988. The kVp test was carried out using a fluoroscopic X-ray model SM-20HFH. The test results obtained that the measured kVp value at a voltage of 70 kV was 66.21 kV and an error value of 5.41%. While the measured kVp value at 55 kV is 58.95 kV with an error value of -7.18%. These results indicate that IP can be used to measure kVp with an error below the allowable tolerance, namely the max error ≤ of 10%.
Measurement of Physicochemical Properties, Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Wood Ash for Effective Soil Amendment
Authors: Kanu M O , Joseph Gabriel Wirdzelii , George Israel
Published: January 2022

The ability of the soil to regulate heat energy is important for plant growth, soil texture and strength. Many agricultural soils are acidic in nature which tends to limit plant growth and microbial activity. Aside from agricultural lime, wood ash is used to amend physical and physicochemical properties of the soil. To maintain the soil hydraulic and physicochemical properties and to increase plant yield, it is important to know the physicochemical and physical properties of the ash used. The physiochemical and physical properties vary across various plant species. Ash samples from seven different plants were used for this study. The Horiba metre was used to measure the electrical conductivity, pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and salinity of the samples, while the Lees Disc apparatus was used to measure the thermal conductivity of the samples. The study revealed that moringa olieferra ash has the highest salinity, TDS and Electrical conductivity, while azadichta indica and tiobroma cacoa have least pH. Also, Kyah seleelygalisis and azadichta indica had the highest and lowest thermal conductivity respectively.
Stories the mangroves hold: reflections on Indo-Caribbean feminist
community archiving
Authors:   Ro(u)ted by Our Stories Collective
Published: January 2022

This article invites the reader into conversation about silenced stories,
intergenerational connection and what it means to reimagine Indo-Caribbean
feminist histories. The authors of this article are coauthors of a digital
archive, Ro(u)ted by Our Stories, which centres the stories of
Indo-Caribbean women and those of marginalised genders in the US across
generations. In this piece, we draw from historical material, our lived
experiences as descendants of indenture, and a recorded conversation we had
between members of our collective about our experiences working to create a
community-owned digital archive. We share our visions for creating the archive
and questions we have grappled with throughout the process, including our own
limitations and reflections on archives as always unfinished and incomplete.
Furthermore, we discuss the ways in which we see storytelling as a healing
practice, our efforts to remain grounded in the needs and desires of community
members and our hopes for the future of the archive. By including multiple
voices in this piece, we hope to lift up the collaboration, interdependence and
‘weaving together’ of stories that informs the lens we bring to this work.
kreoling sisters: (un)intimate relationships, child marriages and women spirits
Authors: Djeli Gitan
Published: January 2022

The non-fiction piece, ‘kreoling sisters’, explores the overlapped histories of slavery and indenture in the Indian Ocean context, Mauritius in particular. It merges memoir writing, indenture studies and Black study and theory to discuss antiblack/antikreol racism and unfreedom during the critical historical time between the beforelife of indenture (that is slavery) and the afterlife of slavery during indenture. ‘kreoling sisters’ unearths a personal story that touches on the (un)intimacy or unofficialised intimacy between Black mothers and men of Indian descent and their Black-Indo/Kreol children. The aim is to discuss the entanglement between freedom, intimacy, slavery, antiblackness and indenture and disrupt the official, institutional, colonial and patriarchal narratives. The question the piece finally asks is how intimacy and love can exist, with the thought of what freedom could have been in the colony and could be in contemporary times. ‘kreoling sisters’ wishes to envision how Indenture studies can engage with a Black philosophy of freedom and abolition, that is the abolition of the plantation police, prison and property, inherited from colonialism.
The great experiment – the Trinidad experiment: art, abolition and
racial indenture across archipelagoes
Authors: Goffe Tao Leigh , Chung Andrea
Published: January 2022

Scholar Tao Leigh Goffe, co-editor of the Journal of Indentureship and
Its Legacies, interviews mixed media visual artist Andrea Chung who
is based in the United States. Connecting the histories of the Great Experiment
of indenture in Mauritius and the Trinidad Experiment of Chinese indentureship
in the Caribbean, the two discuss the history of labour exploitation and the
abolition of racial slavery comparatively across oceans. Themes include those
tackled in Chung's artwork spanning colonialism, loss, motherhood, Afro-Asian
heritage, and the material culture of global indentureship.
R. C. Kramer and R. White,
Carbon Criminals, Climate Crimes: Critical Issues in Crime and Society
Authors: Sitkin Lea
Published: January 2022

None
R. A. Sollund,
The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking: Issues of Justice, Legality and Morality
Authors: Afana Rimona
Published: January 2022

None
K. Millet,
The Victims of Slavery, Colonization and the Holocaust: A Comparative History of Persecution
Authors: Afana Rimona
Published: January 2022

None
N. Erakat,
Justice for Some: Law and the Question of Palestine
Authors: Shalbak Ihab
Published: January 2022

None
Desde el Estallido Social a la movilización electoral. Un balance del 2020 desde la Región de la Araucanía, Wallmapu
Authors: Cuadra Montoya Ximena
Published: January 2022

En este balance del año 2020 analizo, desde la región de La Araucanía, en Wallmapu, el desarrollo de los principales conflictos sociales que se observaron. Inicio este análisis dando cuenta de los eventos de protesta y movilización social que responden al racismo sistémico, tales como la larga huelga de hambre que sostuvieron varios presos políticos mapuche, el boicot al sector forestal, la protesta por proyectos de infraestructura eléctrica, así como la ocupación de predios. Luego doy cuenta de la continuidad de la movilización social de carácter urbana que se expresa después del Estallido Social con las protestas masivas, pero que continúa en la existencia de varias asambleas comunales y que luego transita hacia diversas articulaciones que participan del momento electoral constituyente tanto desde representantes mapuche como de los sectores organizados de la ciudadanía chilena. Las reflexiones finales presentan algunos de los desafíos en torno a dichas articulaciones, en vistas a la descolonización del Estado y de la política.
Políticas públicas y Pueblo Mapuche: desafíos persistentes en el año de la pandemia
Authors: Figueroa Huencho Veronica
Published: January 2022

El Estado de Chile ha tenido una relación compleja con los pueblos indígenas derivado del modelo de Estado-nación chileno que ha marginado a los pueblos indígenas de los espacios de participación y debate político. Situaciones como la pandemia del Covid-19 y el proceso constituyente dan cuenta de las limitantes de este modelo. En 2020, se mantuvieron la estrategia de militarización en zonas mapuche o el asedio policial a comunidades y mujeres mapuche, el avance de una agenda legislativa orientada a la seguridad en la zona de la Araucanía, y la discusión en torno a los escaños reservados para los pueblos indígenas. Analizaremos aquí, desde la perspectiva de las políticas públicas, los contenidos y alcances de la agenda de gobierno para el año 2020, permitiendo evidenciar elementos relevantes que tensionan la relación entre el Estado y los pueblos indígenas, pero que pueden servir de base para introducir cambios a los procesos de toma de decisiones, si existe voluntad política para ello. El foco de análisis estará en el pueblo mapuche que ha sido quien ha tenido mayor protagonismo en esta agenda.