bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social aspects of Code-Switching: An analysis of Pakistani Television advertisements
Authors: Khan Aalia Mehar
Published: January 2020

Code switching is the shift from one language to the other or use of more than one language during conversations or writings. The present research deals with intra-sentential (within one sentence) code switching in the language of television advertisements. To facilitate the socio-linguistic analysis, 12 advertisements of beauty and health care products have been recorded and transcribed from four television channels. The linguistic analysis focuses on the social aspect (gender, geographical background, socioeconomic class, and education) of code switched language in these advertisements. From the analysis and findings, it is concluded the language of advertisements for beauty and health care products reflects a change in linguistic practices and preferences of Pakistani consumers.
Financial Decision, Innovation, Profitability and Company Value: Study on Manufacturing Company Listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Mursalim Mursalim , . Nur Alamzah , . Abdullah Sanusi
Published: January 2020

This study aims to describe the relationship between financial decisions, innovation, enterprise profitability and the value of the company. Based on the research objectives, this research is a causality research. The data used are secondary data for a 5-years period, obtained through several sources such as Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) and the websites of 22 companies. The results show that (1) Investment decision affects company profitability positively and significantly, (2) Investment decision affects company value positively and significantly, (3) Capital structure affects company profitability positively and significantly, (4) Capital structure affects company value positively and significantly, (5) Dividend policy affects company profitability positively and significantly, (6) Dividend policy does not affect company value, (7) Innovation affects company profitability positively and significantly, (8) Innovation affects company value positively and significantly, and (9) Profitability affects company value positively and significantly.
The Development of Seaweed at DI PT. Bantimurung Indah Maros Regency
Authors: - Yuliana
Published: January 2020

This study aims to know the marketing systems, market shares, sales projection for next 5 years, and marketing prospects of processed seaweed (Semi Refine Carrageenan) at PT. Bantimurung Indah Maros. This study was conducted at PT. Bantimurung Indah Maros located at Dr. Sam Ratulangi Street, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. This company was one of the branches of Bosowa Group producing processed seaweed. Data collected were processed seaweed production, export realization of processed seaweed, realization of processed seaweed according to types/specification (2003-2007), and industry companies/export-destination countries of processed seaweed at PT. Bantimurung Indah Maros. According to marketing mix analysis of marketing systems of processed seaweed (Semi Refine Carrageenan) of PT. Bantimurung Indah Maros, it was shown that the marketing systems was sales of processed seaweed products (Semi Refine Carrageenan) to industrial companies in the international scale with â€œSystems Salesâ€ method started by conducting business negotiation with buyer candidates in which it was included the application of all marketing mix variables such as product (sample shipping), price (price offerings), distribution (goods delivery/delivery time) and promotion (local, national and international exhibitions, international seminars and conferences, and internet). According to market shares analysis it was shown that when processed seaweed products (Semi Refine Carrageenan) were converted to dry seaweed (raw material) with sucrose content of 25 %, PT. Bantimurung Indah Maros controlled average market shares of 12, 79% for the last 5 years (2003-2007), and for SRC (TG) products it controlled market shares of 100% in South Sulawesi. According to prediction analysis of processed seaweed exports (Semi Refine Carrageenan) bulk volume (ton) and value (US$) by using Least Squares method it was shown that sales volume averaged -305.41 ton/year with value of US$ -159.548, 8 per year for next 5 years (2008-2012). According to External and Internal Environment analysis (SWOT Analysis it was shown that PT. Bantimurung Indah Maros has much strength, especially in marketing section (company reputation, quality reputation and so on), has many weaknesses (limitations in technology, production facility, and so on), and has many opportunities (prospects of seaweed use, geographical location, and so on).
The Transactional Leadership Styles to Organizational Commitment and Islamic Performance of Sharia Bank in South Sulawesi
Authors: BL Muchran
Published: January 2020

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of transactional leadership to organizational commitment and Islamic performance of Sharia Bank in South Sulawesi. Leader is one of the most important elements that will never disappear from human social life. It arises because of the differences in people's lives are heterogeneous, which then need to put together diselerasikan and directed to the differences that do not result in conflict. There are several types of leadership among transactional leadership. This study was conducted in South Sulawesi with focus on: 1) Sharia BTN, 2) Sharia Mandiri, 3) Sharia BNI, 4) Sharia Muamalah; 5) Sharia BRI, 6) Sharia Niaga; 7) Sharia Mega; 8) Sharia Bukopin; 9) Sharia Sulselbar and 11) Sharia Permata. The main tool in this study is a questionnaire submitted to the Islamic Bank employees in the province of South Sulawesi were selected as sample. It is necessary for item analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that the transactional leadership is significantly influence the Islamic performance. Next, the transactional leadership has no significant effect on the Islamic performance through the organizational commitment.
Analysis of the Implementation of Good Corporate Governance at PT Nusantara Infrastructure Tbk
Authors: . Mediaty , . Nurleni , Ramlan Muhammad Muflih
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to determine the implementation of the principles of good corporate governance at PT Nusantara Infrastructure Tbk. The principle of good corporate governance included transparency, accountability, responsibility, fairness, and independency. Data collection method in this research is questionnaires and collecting archives and documents. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis method by using instrument quantitative research test (validity and reliability). The results in this study show that, in general, the principles of good corporate governance have been applied properly in order to protect the interests of companies and shareholders. The analysis of responses shows that the principle of responsibility, fairness, and independency has been applied properly, but still to be improved in several factors. The principle of transparency and accountability has been implemented very well.
Profitability and Company Value: Empirical Study of Manufacture Companies in Indonesia Period 2009 - 2014
Authors: Lestari Siti Ayu , Armayah Mursalim
Published: January 2020

Maximizing the value of the company is one of the financial issues are interesting to study. Profitability is one of the factors that influence value of enterprise be in accordance with asset and equity owned. The purpose of this research is to describe the correlation between profitability and company value. Based on the problem and purpose research, the research is designed as quantitative research. Secondary data used as the basis for the analysis was obtained from ICMD with observation period of 5 years to 10 companies. Data analyzed by using linear regression multiple analyses. Empirical results show that profitability variability explains change of company value. Return on Investment and Return on Equity has positive and significant effect on company value, but Net Profit Margin negatively and significantly affects company value.
Tax Compliance Decision Analysis: Audit Strategy, Audit Rate, Perceived Probability of Audit, and Taxpayer Ethics
Authors: Asnawi Meinarni
Published: January 2020

This study aims to provide empirical evidence that audit strategy, audit rate, perceived probability of audit and taxpayer ethics have impact on tax compliance. This Research employs the experimental laboratory method with multiple treatment design to refer behavioral change in tax compliance decision. 156 voluntary student participants were recruited from three major; accounting, management, and economics major. The participants grouped into random and fixed group adaptable with audit strategy treatment. Random selection is used to establish participant to each group. Audit rate treatment was classified in four audit level; uninformed audit rate, 10%, 20%, and finally 30%. Perceived probability of audit treatment; subjects determine the percentage of perceived audit. Furthermore taxpayer ethics treatment uses tax ethics film. The results provide empirical evidence that in the random group, strategy random audit, audit rate, perceived probability of audit and taxpayer ethics have significant relationship with tax compliance decision. Conversely, fixed group disprove that audit fixed strategy insignificantly with tax compliance decisions. Audit fixed strategy and audit rate have indirect relationship to tax compliance decision by perceived probability of audit. These results from both of group may suggest that taxpayers will increase the tax compliance decision when his possibility to be audited is high. Taxpayer ethics has significant impact on tax compliance decision at all audit level. Taxpayer ethics plays an important role of increased tax compliance decision. This study has implication for judgment theory to consider taxpayer ethics.
Comparing and Scoring Selected Four Train Ticketing Mobile Phone Applications
Authors: Venugopalan Vaishnavi , Vyas Chaitanya
Published: January 2020

To find the best train ticket booking mobile application on the bases of application features. Four widely used mobile phone applications (Ixigo, MakeMyTrip, ClearTrip, and IRCTC) for railway ticket booking are selected and application features related to ease of download and use, rating, number of installs, etc. are compared. A practical attempt is made to book a train ticket using all these applications one by one and comparing features such as coach locator, platform locator, route map, fare break-up, showing seat availability, save and pre-fill passenger details, sort search list by train name/number, sort search list by journey duration, sort search list by class, train running status, etc. 1 point is allotted to the applications if a particular feature is available in the applications and 0 is allotted if the feature is not available. Sum of all the points is calculated separately for each application and then ranks are given from 1 to 4 considering the final score. Ixigo mobile application scores the highest among other three train ticketing mobile applications â€“ MakeMyTrip, ClearTrip, and IRCTC. Features such as downloading applications via a miss call or SMS; downloading application from websites of Ixigo, MakeMyTrip, ClearTrip, and IRCTC; and sorting train search list by class on applications are not found in any of these four applications. Furthermore, features are grouped into groups such as â€“ the features only available in top ranking Ixigo and the features not available in top ranking Ixigo but available in any or all other three applications. This research will be of a good value for mobile railway ticket booking application providers as competition is becoming acute and the booking pattern is shifting from using desktop or laptop to mobile phones and tablets.
Effect of Bank Merger on the Shareholders Wealth and Post-Merger Situation of Nepalese Banking Industry
Authors: Bhatta Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2020

This research studies the effect of independent variables such as cost efficiency, ROA, ROE and Capital on dependent variable EPS of the merged bank in Nepal. Various statistical tools such as mean standard deviation, correlation, regression were employed to measure the effect of bank merger on the shareholders wealth. Based on the result of study, except ROA, no other independent variable under study showed any impact on earnings per share. The superior bank shareholders are not getting what they deserve and inferior bank shareholders get more than they deserve after the post-merger. It is also finding out that external factors such as earthquake, border blockade and political instability highly affects the shareholders earnings.
Information Communication Technology (ICT) usage in the South African Construction Professional Practice: Lessons Learnt
Authors: C.O. Aigbavboa , . Lesito K.P.
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the impact of ICT in professional practice in the South African construction industry. This is with the view that ICT utilization in professional practice has the potential to facilitate better decision-making ability and savings in operating costs, amongst others. The data for the study was derived from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data was obtained through the survey method, while the secondary data was obtained from the review of literature. The primary data for the study was collected through a structured questionnaire survey distributed to a sample of 37 professionals in the construction industry. The results revealed that architectural, engineering and quantity surveying functions have been largely computerised. However, data and document management is still done through the traditional way of manual filing. Therefore, because construction industry professionals are a rich source of information about ICT and its improvement within the industry, the study provide valuable insight into the current usage of ICT in construction professional practise firms, which thus reveals the level of ICT adaptation in South African CI. Hence, this thus shows that ICT surveys can be used to determine the number of users of these systems, identify the core impacts ICT has had on day to day activities.
The Proposed Banning of Alcohol Advertising in a Developing Economy
Authors: Govender Jeevarathnam Parthasarathy
Published: January 2020

The growing problem of alcohol misuse and its social consequences have been attributed to the advertising of alcohol, by some parties. Alcohol companies and the advertising industry have refuted this claim. It is against this background that this paper seeks to assess consumer attitudes towards alcohol advertising in South Africa. A survey was conducted amongst a sample of 400 respondents. Respondent demographics and attitudes towards the advertising of alcohol were ascertained. The results indicate no significant relationship between the selected demographic variables (viz. gender, age, income, education level and race) and attitude towards the advertising of alcohol. Some perspectives on the implications for policy and practice are presented.
Revisiting the Phillips Curve and the Lucas Critique
Authors: Hossain Md. Sharif
Published: January 2020

Many OECD countries are facing problems of high government debt and high unemployment. Consequently, a monetary stimulus is being increasingly viewed as a solution to curb the rising debt burden and stimulate economic growth. Some OECD countries are setting inflation target at 2% or even higher. In this paper we investigate the likely impact of inflation on unemployment for a panel of 10 highincome OECD countries, namely, Australia, Denmark, Iceland, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. The period of study is 1970-2012. Results indicate a significantly positive long-run impact of inflation on unemployment. Granger causality indicates long-run bi-directional causality between inflation and unemployment. For the 10 OECD countries and the period of this study, the empirical findings support the Lucas critique: inflation and unemployment are positively correlated. A monetary stimulus, therefore, will most likely aggravate the unemployment scenario in the 10 OCED countries under study.
Aggregate Outbound Tourism Demand in South Africa: an Econometric Analysis
Authors: Ziramba Emmanuel
Published: January 2020

This paper, with the use of annual data covering the period 1975 to 2008, seeks to identify the determinants of outbound tourism demand (outbound tourist outflows) in South Africa. We employ cointegration analysis by utilising an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001) to make inferences about the long run and short run relationships. The results indicate that in the long run, outbound tourism demand is influenced by the real domestic income and the relative prices. Our results indicate that outbound tourism demand is a luxury good with an income elasticity of 3.5. In the short run, only relative prices have an impact on outbound tourism demand in South Africa. Outbound tourism demand was found to be price inelastic in both periods.
Export of Furniture Product from Malaysia: Market Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Haque Ahasanul , . Naila Anwar , . Zariyah Ibrahim
Published: January 2020

This study seeks to investigate the export competitiveness of Malaysian furniture product through the application of a collection of methods, which includes Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Constant Market Share (CMS) and Shift Share. SITC 821, which represents the furniture product under the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) for the period between 2000 and 2011, has been taken into consideration. The RCA method reveals that is an escalation in the countries competitive advantage of furniture product. The results from CMS method indicate that export gain of Malaysian furniture product is to a great extent a result of the size of the market as well as its competitive effect. Furthermore, CMS analysis also illustrates there has been significant improvements in the furniture industry throughout the given period which are Period I and II, Period and II and III and Period III and I. Additionally, shift share analysis shows that countries such as Brunei, Algeria, Norway, Lebanon and Korea are the major markets with the greatest potential. However, major challenges, in terms of competition, still exist mainly with Asian countries.
Reduced Audit Quality Behavior Scale: Exploratory and Confirmatory Analysis Based on a Sample of External Auditors in Uganda
Authors: Kasigwa Gerald
Published: January 2020

Reduced Audit quality Behavior (RAQB) has been linked to poor quality audits. Whereas reduce audit quality behavior has been studied for some time in developed countries, there has been little empirical research effort in least developed countries like Uganda geared towards understanding and operationalizing the factor structure of reduced audit quality acts. This research set out to establish and confirm a reliable and valid factor structure of reduced audit quality behavior. Data were collected from 351 certified public accountants (CPAâ€™s) practicing as external auditors in Uganda. Exploratory factor Analysis produced a five factor model; with confirmatory factor analysis demonstrating good fit statistics. The reliability of the scales as measured by Cronbachâ€™s alpha, construct reliability and average variance extracted was higher than the recommended minimum values confirming that reduced audit quality acts can be proxied by two dimensions namely; quick review and examination. Researchers in Uganda are advised to use these proxies while studying reduced audit quality behavior.
Profiling Some of the Dire Household Debt Determinants: A Metric Multidimensional Scaling Approach
Authors: Moroke Ntebogang Dinah
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper was to use the metric Multidimensional scaling (MDS) to explore the ten dire household debt determinants in the context of South Africa. Macroeconomic data used was collected from the South African reserve bank and Statistics South African websites for the first quarters of 1990 to 2013. SPSS 22 was used to execute the analysis. A Standardized Residuals Sum of Squares (STRESS 1) measure calculated as 0.00077confirmed the best fit of the MDS model and the Tuckerâ€™s Coefficient of Congruence implied that 99.9% of variance in the model is accounted for by the two dimensions. This was also a confirmation that the ten selected determinants can better be represented in a two dimensional perpetual map. The findings revealed two profiles of household debts. Gross domestic product and house prices are associated with high levels of household debts. The remainder of the determinants is found to have low effects. MDS demonstrated its effectiveness in classifying household debt determinants according to their contribution. Also revealed is that an MDS is a useful tool to use in quantifying the ubiquitous, but slimy, notion of similarity.
Antecedents and Consequences of Individual Performance: Analysis of Turnover Intention Model (Empirical Study of Public Accountants in Indonesia)
Authors: Raza Hendra , . Erlina , . Prihatin Lumban Raja
Published: January 2020

This study aims to examine empirically the antecedents of individual performance on its consequences of turnover intention in public accounting firms. There are eight variables measured which consists of auditorsâ€™ empowerment, innovation, professionalism, role ambiguity, role conflict, organizational commitment, individual performance and turnover intention. Data analysis is based on 163 public accountant using the Structural Equation Modeling assisted with an application of the Analysis Moment Structure (AMOS). The findings have revealed that the model is acceptable and successfully proves on a significant influence of the auditorsâ€™ innovation on the role ambiguity, professionalism on the role ambiguity, empowerment on the role conflict, innovation on the role conflict, professionalism on the role conflict, role conflict on the organizational commitment, role ambiguity on the auditorsâ€™ performance, organizational commitment on the auditorsâ€™ performance, auditorsâ€™ empowerment on the turnover intention, innovation on the turnover intention, professionalism on the turnover intention, organizational committment on the turnover intention, auditorsâ€™ performance on turnover intention. The new variables of auditorsâ€™ empowerment and innovation in the model as well as the direct influence of performance on turnover intention are successfully proven.
A Study of Indigenous Community-Based Economy at the Regency of Jayapura
Authors: Ratang Westim , Blesia Jhon , Rante Andika , Kuddy Andreas
Published: January 2020

The research aims to discover the potential of local natural resources in improving the economic life by utilizing the indigenous communitiesâ€™ local wisdom at the regency of Jayapura. Two local customary councils namely Sentani and Moi were used as samples. Data was collected by the interviews to both tribal leaders and heads of village, observation as well as secondary data analysis and analyzed by three stages: data reduction, presentation of the data and drawing conclusion. The results show that the livelihood of DAS Sentani is farming, fishing and taping sago where their natural resources are fish, sago, coconut, areca nut while that of DAS Moi is farming and livestock and the natural resources are gold and rock mines, tourist attraction, sago, durian and rambutan. Both indigenous communities have their local wisdoms that are believed to have rewards if they obey and sanctions or punishments if disobeyed. Some local governmentâ€™s strategies are recommended to be done in order to help both communities to improve better quality of life.
Modeling South African Banks closing stock prices: a Markov-Switching Approach
Authors: Xaba Diteboho , Moroke Ntebogang Dinah , Arkaah Johnson , Pooe Charlemagne
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we provide evidence that the five variables used in the study were nonlinear in nature, while finding a better Markov-switching model. The study used dailydata obtained from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange over the period from January 2010 to December 2012. An extension of Markov Switching with autoregressive model was used for empirical analysis. Prior to using this model, the series were tested for nonlinear unit root with modified Kapetanois-Shin-Snell nonlinear Augmented Dickey-Fuller (KSS-NADF) test which successfully provided positive results.Other preliminary tests selected the first lag as optimal and confirmed that stock prices may switch between two regimes. Further empirical findings proved that stock prices can be successfully modelled with Markov Switching Autoregressive model of order one. First National bank was found to have 99.64% longer stock price stability if adjustments regards tofinancialpolicies are made. Capitec Bank was the least favoured among the banks.
3D Experiential Marketing in International Industrial Fair
Authors: Hung Chao-Chih , Su Min-Jiun , Zhuang Wen-Long
Published: January 2020

This study explores the effect of buyersâ€™ 3D experiences on their purchase intention, as well as the moderating effect of exhibitorsâ€™ corporate image on the above relationship. This study uses the purposive sampling method to survey buyers of the famous International Woodworking Machine Fair in China. Analytical results from 91 visitors are summarized as: the higher the international mechanical fair buyersâ€™ feel experience, think experience and act experience, then the higher their purchase intention; buyersâ€™ relate experience has a negative prediction effect on purchase intention; exhibitorsâ€™ corporate image has a moderating effect on the relationship between buyersâ€™ feel experiences and purchase intention; exhibitorsâ€™ corporate image has a moderating effect on the relationship between buyersâ€™ relate experience and purchase intention.
Effect of Leadership on Employee's Performance Mediated by Cultural Organization, Work Commitment and Motivation
Authors: Sappe Syahruddin , Rante Yohanis , Tuhumena Ruben , Bharanti Bonifasia Elita
Published: January 2020

Main mission of regional autonomy is intended to improve the quality of public services and the welfare of the community, creating efficiency and effectiveness of human resource management, as well as empowering and creating a space for people to participate actively in the development process. Therefore, it needs a leader who act can generate commitment, motivation and optimism in carrying out the work, foster an atmosphere of cooperation, and can affect the behavior of subordinates who have an impact on improving the performance of employees. This study aims to identify and assess the relevance of leadership on employee performance mediated by organizational culture, work commitment and work motivation as determinants of employee performance improvement. The sample used in this study was 160 respondents to the analysis unit employees in Food Security Council Keerom Papua Province. Data was collected by questionnaires followed by in-depth interviews. Quantitative Data Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of the program Analysis Moment Structures (AMOS). The results of this study indicate that, good leadership can improve employee performance, when considering the factors that come into play that organizational culture, work commitment and motivation work to DKP in Keerom Papua Province. Furthermore, the results of this study that the strengthening of organizational culture and high employee commitment can lead to increased motivation.
Ethical Banking Determinants across Nations: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Asikhia Olalekan Usiobaifo
Published: January 2020

Ethical issues in banking practice have become an important aspect that the nations of the world should take into consideration, especially in the light of incessant bank failures with concomitant loss of customersâ€™ deposits. It now becomes imperative to study the determinants of ethical banking in order to create an enabling environment for the practice and sustenance of customersâ€™ confidence. Several studies were analyzed and it was found that leadersâ€™ characteristics, the organizational characteristics and the sales force characteristics have a positive impact on ethical behaviour as well as on job security. Some selected organizational, cognitive and affective dimensions were also found to affect the ethical practices of banks. Relevant recommendations and policy implications were made.
Fertility Status of Married Women and Its Determinants in Ethiopia
Authors: Muluneh Essey Kebede , Zewotir Temesgen , Yayeh Tilaye Matebe
Published: January 2020

This study investigates determinant factors of fertility among married women in Ethiopia, the second most populous country in Africa with rapid population growth. The data used for the analysis was obtained from the 2014 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey which was carried out by the Central Statistical Agency. A generalized linear model (GLM) analysis was carried out to investigate the effect of socioeconomic and demographic factors on the number of children ever born by a married woman of age 15-49 years. High fertility was independently associated with residing in urban areas, increased household economic status, younger age at first birth and not using contraceptives. Current age and media exposure, household head gender and media exposure, household head gender and regional state, motherâ€™s education and, regional state and media exposure and regional state were found to jointly affect fertility level.
Management's Commitment, Education and Ethics on Organisational Entrepreneurship: The Case of South African Non-Profit Organisations
Authors: Pamacheche Rukudzo , Chinomona Richard , Chuchu Tinashe
Published: January 2020

The objectives of the study were to explore the management characteristics that are related to organisational entrepreneurship in not-for-profit organisations (NPOs) in Gauteng, South Africa as well as the relationship between organisational entrepreneurship and the organisational performance. The methodology involved a quantitative approach of collecting and analysing research data. A field study was conducted in Johannesburg, South Africa whereby research data were collected from 257 NPO managers from voluntary organizations. Using the SPSS 22 and the AMOS 22 software program, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed to analyze the research data. The study noted implications for NPO management teams, including the renovation of business model structures to incorporate continuous learning and constructive risk-taking in order to take advantage of the performance benefits derived from organisational entrepreneurship. The study also recommends further research into potential citizenship bodies for NPO management teams to foster commitment to their occupation in the non-profit sector. The research makes a significant contribution by providing a framework in which management's commitment to NPOs can be measured and analysed.
Facebook: The Holy Grail of Relationship Marketing?
Authors: Dondolo Hilda Bongazana
Published: January 2020

Relationship marketing has been a focus of online studies for a number of years. These studies have indicated that relationships in these environments are driven by commitment, trust, privacy concerns and stickiness. However, research on the use of Facebook as a relationship marketing building platform has received little attention. Therefore, this paper focuses on the constructs of relationship marketing and how they impact on relationships in the Facebook context. Questionnaires were distributed to a convenience sample of 300 students. The study confirmed that the factors influencing relationships on Facebook were similar to the factors influencing relationships in other online environments. The implications of the results of the study are discussed.
Investigating Chaos on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange
Authors: Sarpong Prince Kwasi , Sibanda Mabutho , Holden Merle
Published: January 2020

This study investigates the existence of chaos on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) and studies three indices namely the FTSE/JSE All Share, FTSE/JSE Top 40 and FTSE/JSE Small Cap. Building upon the Fractal Market Hypothesis to provide evidence on the behavior of returns time series of the above mentioned indices, the BDS test is applied to test for non-random chaotic dynamics and further applies the rescaled range analysis to ascertain randomness, persistence or mean reversion on the JSE. The BDS test shows that all the indices examined in this study do not exhibit randomness. The FTSE/JSE All Share Index and the FTSE/JSE Top 40 exhibit slight reversion to the mean whereas the FTSE/JSE Small Cap exhibits significant persistence and appears to be less risky relative to the FTSE/JSE All Share and FTSE/JSE Top 40contrary to the assertion that small cap indices are riskier than large cap indices.
The Prospects of the ICT Policy Framework for Rural Entrepreneurs: an analysis of the Relationship between ICT and Entrepreneurial Development
Authors: Clementine Maramura Tafadzwa , Shava Elvin
Published: January 2020

Entrepreneurs hold the keys to rapid technological development by offering the means to creating employment opportunities even in remote rural areas. Small entrepreneurs do not only provide livelihood for themselves, but they also create employment thereby easing up socio-economic tensions in an atmosphere where so many are deprived. This article introduces the concept of entrepreneurship and how it propagates development and advances human living conditions. The underlying assumption is that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a causal effect on human livelihoods of rural entrepreneurs. Thus, a sturdy relationship exists between ICT and entrepreneurial development for rural entrepreneurial economic growth. In the same manner the Government of Zimbabwe commenced on a comprehensive policy framework in order to harness the power of ICT. Through a documentary review analysis, the paper envisages how ICT can sustain rural entrepreneurial development in Zimbabwe at a time where it is suffering from harsh socio-economic and political turmoil. The paper observes that lack of financial services, corruption, political interference, poor planning and the desire to maintain status quo have been discouraging rural entrepreneurship to harness the benefits of ICT. The paper recommends that the government should implement policies that promote the development of ICT in rural entrepreneurship and the provision of training and development for entrepreneurs to bridge the knowledge gap on the use of ICT to enhance the livelihoods of entrepreneurs.
Multivariate Dynamic Co-integration and Causality Analysis between Inflation and its Determinants
Authors: Hossain Md. Sharif , Abedin Md. Thasinul
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the impacts of money supply, government expenditure, velocity, industry value addition and economic growth on inflation of Bangladesh using time series data from 1978-2014. The ADF test results suggest that the variables are of I(1). It is found that there exist five co-integration equations. The outcome of the Granger Causality test suggests the short-run unidirectional causality running from industrial value addition to money supply, from inflation, money supply, velocity, industrial value addition and economic growth to government spending. Bidirectional causality has been found between economic growth and industrial value addition. Finally, short-run and long-run effects of money supply, government spending, velocity, industry value addition and economic growth on inflation are estimated. It is found that the speed of adjustment for short-run to approach to the long-run equilibrium level is significant at any significance level. It has been found that it will take about 1.25 years for a complete convergence process to approach its equilibrium. Therefore, in case of any shock to the inflation equation, the speed of adjustment is significantly faster. It has also been found that the long-run effects of money supply and velocity have positive significant effects while the economic growth has significant negative effect on inflation in Bangladesh economy. It has been found that the long-run effects of money supply and velocity are more than short-run effects meaning that over the time more money supply and velocity increase the more and more inflation in Bangladesh but economic growth decreases the inflation.
Analyzing the Risk Factors of Supply Chain Management in Indian Manufacturing Organizations
Authors: Basu Rana , . Pranab K Dan
Published: January 2020

Today organizations of any magnitude have heavily integrated supply chain. The supply chain management consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly in fulfilling customer request. There is an immense growth which has expanded from the traditional point of view as not only of physical distribution of materials but also to services. Implementing supply chain risk management has been troubleshooting in many organizations. In practice assessing risk management in supply chain is rather underdeveloped and often dealt with informal and reactive manner. As risk management issues today is subjected to substantial research and the organizations are trying to mitigate the risk issues so as to maintain the smooth operation of supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize the risk factors in context to supply chain management of Indian manufacturing organizations. The research presented here is specifically targeted to Indian manufacturing organizations which are managing the supply chain operations. This paper deals with the risk issues and thus empirically assesses which risk factors are most influencing one in supply chain operations which must be given careful attention.
Efficiency Wage Hypothesis: The Case Study of Iran's Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Samimi Ahmad Jafari
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to test the efficiency wage hypothesis for Iran's manufacturing industries at the 4-digit aggregation level of ISIC classification, during 2001-2006. According to the efficiency wage hypothesis, it is logical for some firms to pay wages that are above the market wage. In some cases the mere fact that workers are paid more can make them more productive. In other words, efficiency wages would increase productivity and there is positive relationship between wages and productivity. In this paper, panel data technique has employed to examine the mentioned hypothesis. However, the obtained results contradict the efficiency wage hypothesis for Iran's manufacturing industries. In other words, according to this result, higher wages lead to less efficient performance by the workers of Iran's manufacturing industries.
Unit-Wise Comparative Survey of Job Satisfaction and Related Factors
Authors: Kumar Suresh
Published: January 2020

This paper is an attempt to compare and contrast unit-wise job satisfaction levels and the commitment to stay at job was also determined .A sample of 360 employees drawn from the four different units located in Himachal and Punjab states. The Bhakra-Beas Management Board was undertaken as universe for the present study .The study was conducted during 2008 to 2010.The study found that the employees of different units does have significant difference on job satisfaction according to their units location and the work environment prevailing in the organization .The study further found that a few respondents responded to leave the organization in normal conditions. The fact confirms that the more satisfied employees will definitely supports the fact that they will stay until they retire from this job. The study recommends that a highly satisfied employee do have the opinion of above average performance or outstanding performance at job. Finally, the units found a significant place in the determination of attitude towards overall and dimension specific job satisfaction.
Attitudes Gaps to Jewish Out-Group and Arab In-Group as an Expression of the Self-Identity of the Arab Minority in Israel
Authors: Mussa Hujierat
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study is to examine the practice of members of an in-group giving preference to the in-group rather than the out-group in any society, thereby providing its members with status, prestige and a positive social identity. This study examines the gap in the emotional attitude of the in-group and the out-group. The out-group in this study is the Jewish majority and the in-group is the Arab minority in Israel. This gap has been researched in large part, in research in laboratory conditions. Research has been done less on actual groups. The purpose of this study is to examine the degree of emotional identification of the Arab minority with the suffering and sorrow related to an unfortunate tragic event that occurs to another member of their group and to one that occurs to a member of the Jewish out-group. It is also to find how the attitude gaps relate to the traditionalism level of the in-group and to the region where the subjects live. To begin, a questionnaire was composed that included details about events that provoke feelings of grief and sadness. Subjects were asked in the pilot study to respond emotionally to these events. The hypothesis was that the Arab minority would identify emotionally with their group and less with the Jewish out-group and that a gap would be found that is related to the residential region and society's level of traditionalism. The findings show a bias of emotional attitude to the Arab side. The gaps that were discovered in the attitude to both groups were related to the society's level of traditionalism and partially to the residential region.
The Determinants of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Practices in Malaysian Public Listed Companies
Authors: Razali Ahmad Rizal , . Izah Mohd Tahir
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study is to examine the determinants of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) adoption in Malaysian Public Listed Companies (PLCs). The study focuses on ten industries from five hundred and seventy four Public Listed Companies in Malaysia for the period 2007. These ten industries include industrial products, trading/services, consumer products, properties, constructions, plantations, infrastructure projects, technology, hotels and mining. Logit regression approach will be employed, and a dummy variable equals one if companies adopt ERM and zero otherwise, is used as the dependent variable. Seven independent variables used are Size, Leverage, Profitability, International Diversification, Ownership, Chief Risk Officer and Turnover. The main results of this research is that companies with high turnover, hiring Chief Risk Officer and companies that are not diversified internationally are more likely to adopt ERM. Interestingly, Size, Leverage, Profitability, and Ownership are not significant determinants of ERM practices.
Privacy and Security Issues of Mobile Phone-The Case of Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Huda SSM Sadrul , . Md. Gazi Salah Uddin
Published: January 2020

The forecasted number of mobile phone users will be around 70 million at the end of 2011. This statement makes everybody remind the quick emergence of cell phone and shows the strong and fastest growth in mobile phone industry which also reminds the importance of mobile phone retailers. No doubt, that mobile phone services are an important contributor to the cash-strapped nation's economy. When this industry is booming out, the safety and security issue related to the use of mobile phone has come up with a great concern. The development of mobile technology has positioned privacy and security into risk to its users.) This risk hampers the daily economic activities thus the economic growth and development. This study concerns about how personal, social and economic safety and security, health and privacy issues can be hampered by the misuse of mobile phone (threat, harassment). This study also concerns whether crime committing has become more organized with the help of mobile technology. And whether there should be a clear law to protect general people from harassment through mobile phone. Lastly this study comes up with the decision that whether the misuse of mobile phone (threat, harassment), hampers economic activities which have an adverse affect on economic development. The target population for his study is the micro entrepreneurs in Dhaka who inseparably depend on mobile phone for their business communication as well as the users of mobile phone are the target population of this study. The sample size is one hundred and four (104) micro entrepreneurs and users in Dhaka. The sample size is one hundred and four micro entrepreneurs and users in Dhaka. The structured questionnaire based on Likert scale has been used to ask the respondents to indicate their agreement or disagreement on a five point scale ranging from strongly agrees. The study comes up with the findings that misuse of mobile phone (threat, harassment), hampers economic activity thus have an adverse affect on economic development.
Designing and Developing a Romanised Mandarin Web-based Instruction for Non-native Learners in Malaysia
Authors: Giap Lim Soo
Published: January 2020

Hanyu Pinyin (Romanised Mandarin) is taught as part of the teaching Mandarin as a third language in UiTM. The time allocated to teach the sound system of Hanyu Pinyin is insufficient for learners. Hence, it is suggested a web-based instruction incorporate into the curriculum as a self-learning material for learners to enable them to manage their learning process in the absence of instructor. The objective of this paper is to describe the process of designing and developing a Hanyu Pinyin WBI to teach non-native learners (Malay Mandarin learners) in learning Mandarin at a Malaysian university (UiTM). The Hanyu Pinyin WBI is tailored to tackle the weaknesses and to meet the specific needs of Malay learners. Hanyu Pinyin WBI is designed on the basis of Instructional System Design (ISD) methodology. This approach involves four phases: (1) analysis and design, (2) development, (3) implementation, and (4) evaluation of the instruction.
Impact of CSR, Quality of Work Life and Organizational Structure on Employeeâ€™s Performance in Pakistan
Authors: Razaq Adeel , . M. Suleman Sabir , . Jam Javed Iqbal , . Syed Kamran Ali Shah , . Muhammad Asif Khan
Published: January 2020

The trends of organizations are changing and demanding satisfied employees rather than dissatisfied employees. This paper provides factors through which employeeâ€™s performance can be increased to achieve organizational goals and objectives. To attract the motivated employees and building relations, CSR can perform for society which will change the thoughts of stakeholders. Quality of work life has impact on organizationâ€™s effectiveness which is essential for firms to be healthy and productive. Firms should adopt employee oriented policies which satisfies them to achieve organizational objectives. This study also indicates that effective organizational structure is necessary for improving the performance of employees and the organization. The structure is a source of success or failure because it empowers the employee which will increase the sense of responsibility. For the improvement in the organization and removing stress of the employees management must consider the hygiene factors to motivate the employees. The conceptualized work is conducted which is proved through evidence. For further study statistical analysis can be done for confirmation of the hypothesis.