bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problemi kvantificirane epistemičke logike
Authors: Brkić Slavko
Published: September 2018

Within the framework of quantified modal logic (QML) the author, in the first part of his paper, on the basis of the actualist approach to the problem of founding logical moalities, attempts to found a system of quantified epistemic logic (QEL) which presupposes a characteristic manner of problem-solving if compared to the rule of existential generalisation (EG). This is Hintikka's approach. The central issue of the second part of the paper tackles the rule of existential, as well as some other problems in connection with their applications in quantified epistemic logic. The conclusion gives counter arguments to two systems QEL (Hintikka' system K and B and Carlson's system C).
Ways of copyng with stress amongst displaced persons
Authors: Gregov Ljiljana , Proroković Ana
Published: September 2018

The research project sought to establish the applicability of Endler's scale of ways of coping with stress (CISS) in a specific, extremely stressful situation, such as war and to discover what were the siartegies used by displaced persons to cope with wartime stress. The investigation targeted a sample of 379 persons between the ages of 18-60 who were divided into two groups according to their exposure to different kinds and to various intensities of wartime stress. The first group was made up of displaced persons, i.e. people who were forced to flee their homes and relocate to settlements (N=190), while the second group encompassed undisplaced persons, i.e. the citizens of Zadar and Split who did not leave their homes during the period of war operations. Endler's scale (CISS) was used to measure the ways of coping with wartime stress, while the evaluation of the threat of aspects of war was obtained by a Scale construed within the wider project of measuring wartime stress. A factor analysis of Endler's scale extracted four factors which were defined, in accordance with the author's interpretation, as Coping directed at the problem. Coping directed at the emotions. Distraction and Social diversion. However, it was established that the number of applied units is determined by the specificity of the situation. On the basis of the results of covariance analysis it was discovered that the frequency of relying on different ways of coping with stress amongst displaced persons is determined by the characterisics of the stress situation.
Transition and adjustment of students to the university environment
Authors: Lacković-Grgin Katica , Sorić Izabela
Published: September 2018

A sample of the student body of the Faculty of Philosophy was given two inquiries: one upon enrolment at the Faculty and another after the first year of study. The aim of the research was to establish the nature of loneliness amongst students, the durability of the effect of moving from home, and the effect of financial and educational burdens on the self-esteem and loneliness of students. The authors desired to establish which of diese variables, coupled with other personal and enviromental factors, reliably prognosticate the student's adjustment to the university. The indicators of adjustment were the satisfaction with achievement and the assessment of stress during the first year of study. The results show that loneliness amongst students is situational which validates the assumption that separation from significant persons is a stressful event but without durable effects on loneliness. Self-esteem was shown to be stable while the effects of educational burdens on self- respect proved lasting. In addition, self-esteem, just as the removal from home, showed itself to be a good predictor both regarding satisfaction with achievement and stress during die first year of study. On the basis of their findings, the authors suggest that in order to investigate the short-termed consequences of entering the university one ought to choose those psychological variables which represent states while for the prediction of long-term consequences traits should be chosen.
Effects of training procedures and target positions on lower arm movements
Authors: Manenica Ilija , Penezić Zvjezdan
Published: September 2018

The aim of a series of experiments, which included three groups of six blindfolded subjects, 19-23 years of age, was to find out effects of different ways of training on some spaciotemporal aspects of different movements by lower arms. The subjects were trained to make 20, 40,60, 80 degree movements on a kinaesthesiometer. The direction of movements was ventral-lateral and lateral- ventral in the relation to the body. One of the groups was trained first by dominant arm, and then non-dominant, while the second group had the opposite sequences of training. The third group, however, was trained bibrachially. After the training, the three groups took part in a series of arm movement experiments, where the task time (TT), movement time (MT) and the deviation from lite target (error) were recorded for the two arms separately, as well as bibrachially. The smallest deviations from the target were obtained in all the situations, when the target was positioned more ventrally, regardless of the amplitude or the direction of the movements. This was attributed to a higher differential sensitivity of the proprioceptors affected by the ventral movements in comparisi on to those affected by the lateral movements.
Working with teachers in workshop - Therapeutic and educative processes in small group
Authors: Vulić-Prtotić Anita
Published: September 2018

The psychological workshop for theachers is a specific form of education within a small group which appeared at a time when the need arose amongst teachers for new insights into the psychology of children and for support fom their colleagues and experts, when they felt personal and professional insecurity in confronting the after-effects of war amongst children and when existing methods and forms of education for achieving these goals proved insufficient. The general purpose of workshops for theachers, which developed in Croatia especially during the recent war, is to educate and train for work with children after the war, by relaying information from the domain of traumatic psychology, by giving support to the teachers and prompting the development of empathy, tolerance, coping with stress and similar capabilities. The workshop is a form of small group where many therapeutic changes besides the educational ones take place. These therapeutic effects take place incidentally and facilitate the process of education. Within the workshop, educational processes (associative learning, instrumental learning, learning through imitation, introjection and identification) take place at the same time as the therapeutic processes (insight, empathy, mirroring, affective changes, behavioural changes).
Feminist critique of liberalism
Authors: Ivoš Erma
Published: September 2018

In this essay the author deals with the achievement of feminist critiques of liberalism at the end of the century. The central thesis is the controversy of the public/private dichotomy as the main important position of the feminist argument. The differences between critical approach to the public/private dichotomy are explained through cultural, radical feminist and androginy arguments about the fact that the public sphere is patriarchaly constructed with strong effect to the private sphere. That is why feminist use the therm “liberal patriarchalism“. The author concludes that the political theory and practise are resistent to the feminist arguments, that radical transformation of democratic theory and practic is far from the possibility to be transformed what means that the context of feminism and its critique of liberalism will still remain the same.
Theoretic sociology and post-socialism
Authors: Tomić-Koludrović Inga
Published: September 2018

The post-socialist sociology in Croatia is scarcely able to give adequate answers to the pressing questions raised by the latest developments in post-socialist societies. It turns out equally inadequate when explaning the phenomena the Croatian society is beging exposed to at this particular time. The reason lies widely in the fact that societies emerging after socialism cannot be analyzed in terms of established rules and fully grasped categories. Paraphrasing Lyotard's thesis on postmodernism, the article adopts the view that the post-socialist period should be thought of as the paradox of pre-future, since its situation is the one in wich the rules of "what is going to be created" are, at the same time, operating and being made. In the light of such a definition of the social reality of which we only know with certainty that it comes after socialism, it is clear that only theoretical sociology can offer competent explanation of die new "rules in forming" and of their causes, rooted in the previous reality. Therefore Croatian sociology should turn to theoretical analysis of its own premisses, instead of engaging in new and new empiric researches that are always liable to ideological instrumentalizing, and that - in time perspective - speak more eloquently about the initial hypothesis of researcher than of the subject researched.
Some causes of the distribution of the population of dalmatia between 1971 and 1991
Authors: Pasarić Branko
Published: September 2018

The author considers the processes that took place within the system of settlements in Dalmatia in the period between 1971. and 1991. The stratification of the system of settlements occured along two lines: the growth of population along the coast accompanied by the relative or absolute reduction in the hinterland and on the islands, and the expansion of the population in towns with over 3000 inhabitants and the dying away of settlements with a smaller number of inhabitants. Such a concentraction of the population on the one hand and the reduction of the density of the population on the other opens a host of questions pertaining to the economic, spatial and social development as well as to the exploitation of natural and man-made resources in Dalmatia. The author's special concern is with the process of depopulation in the Dalmatian hinterland between 1991-1993 as a consequence of the war. His position is that the process of returning these people to their abandoned homes is not only a technical or an organisational question but a complex issue implicating the reasonable regional development of Dalmatia which would make possible the optimal use of its existing natural resources.
The problem of defining lifelong education
Authors: Radeka Igor
Published: September 2018

The development of society as a whole, driven by the scientific- technological revolution, has placed before education new requirements. Traditional education, cocooned within the school system, is not in tune with the totality of socio-cultural changes within contemporary society but has ended up with a quantitative expansion, lacking the necessary qualitative changes. In the wake of the exhausted system of traditional education a new conception of lifelong education, encompassing all people, throughout their lives and in all living situations, has made its appearance. In relation to its traditional antecedent it does not signify only more education. Lifelong education is a better and wholly different education within a new, educated society, whose essence is no longer to prepare for life but amounts to a new mode of life for contemporary man.Alongside the development of the conception of lifelong education there have appeared mistaken notions that it is nothing more than continuing education, the education of grownups, or a new system of education. In a similar vein, it is frequently reduced to the utilitarian dimension of the educative process whose function is to adequately function within the productive mechanism of society.These conceptual dilemas have produced terminological irregularities. Of the many terms which have been mistakenly equated with "lifelong education“ only “education throughout one's life" is its synonim, while the terms “a learning society“ or “educated society" target only the social aspect of the term permanent education. All these conceptual-terminological differences are reflected in the definition of lifelong education. By systematizing existing definitions the author shows that it is not possible to give lifelong education a succinct descriptive definition. Its complexity and dynamics demand a broader explication which would do justice to its content.
A structural analysis of the school system and the level of education in Croatia
Authors: Mrkonjić Anđelko
Published: September 2018

The author employs the theoretical-comparative methodological approach. On the basis of available facts a comparative analysis of the different segments of the school system is made and then compared with other countries. The author shows a preference for the method of studying documents, analysing and then hermeneutically assessing and interpreting the facts. About 39 percent of the population of Croatia attends pre-school programs which, in comparison with other countries, is “a necessary minimum“. The number of children attending elementary shools is satisfactory as far as quantity goes but problems appear when this segment is appraised according to its quality. Secondary education fulfills requirements but this segment is marked by a crisis. The least amount of research has been done on the level of higher education. The results are a lot worse than in secondary schooling. These findings give us the paradigm which states that as we climb the ladder of the educational system, the crisis becomes more evident. Andragonic practice is in a sort of quantative crisis which manifests itself in encompassing people attending various educational programs. The reasons for this state of affairs are many and the author explicates some of them in the paper.The article contains 17 tables, 19 notes and 18 bibliographical units.
Dilemas arising when researching and emphasising educationally desirable values of individual and society
Authors: Miliša Zlatko
Published: September 2018

The dilemas that arise in researching educational values stem from two different analytic approaches: the deductive-theoretical and the inductive-empirical approach. The inductive-empirical approach to values suggests a relativism of values with its thesis that each individual is the one creating, bearing and interpreting the prefered object. The main problem relating to this approach in investigating values is contained in the fact that it is simply impossible to anticipate all the variants of an individual standard of behaviour. The prefered object can manifest itself in a billion ways. The second, theoritical-deductive approach to values propagates the permanent or universal character of values. The shortcoming of this approach is the absence of empirical authentication. An acceptable approach to values would have to be able “to explain both the permanent character of values and their mutability“ (M. Rokeach).
Zavičajne vrijednosti kao poticaj cjelovitom razvoju učenika mlađe dob
Authors: Obad Marija
Published: September 2018

If one’s point of departure are the contents of the culture and the natural heritage surrounding die pupil it is assumed that the puiI and his needs are at the center of the process of learning and that the acquisition of knowledge is a multidimensional process whose aim is the understanding “of the enviroment as one’s own space within which one can work and develop”. Introducing the pupil into die cultural and social enviroment gives him a productive role because they are not mere spectators of past and present events within their enviroments but creative interpreters who reach conclusions, project ideas, create, construct the reality surrounding them. The process of education arises out of the activity of the pupils diemselves, their ideas about how they should act in the future. A knowledge of the past emanating front the homeland is very important in the preparartion of youth for the pluralistic society in which we would like to see ourselves. If they are properly articulated, historical and cultural contents from earliest years offer insights into one’s own heritage and the all human values without which no individual or community would be able to survive. Teaching practice offers numberless opportunities and that is why it is a source of new ideas and specific articulations. The modern methodology of teaching prefers new forms of doing things, stresses multiculturalism but a multiculturalism deeply enrooted in the national tradition. Today more than in earlier periods we must in full consciousness educate the youth in those vlues which will give them the moral fiber to live and survive.
„Masovnost" i "selektivnost" u hrvatskom turizmu
Authors: Jadrešić Vlatko
Published: September 2018

The contradictions and the weaknesses of mass tourism are slowing down its development, so that the existing model of mass tourism is increasingly negating itself. The abuse of spatial resources, pronounced seasonal fluctuations and structural unadaptability, as well as its negative impacts on the social, spatial, ecological and economic spheres are significant reasons for the need to continually work on redefining this model, and even to substitute it with a new one. This new model can be tentatively called the model of selective tourism. The author analyzes and compares the relationships and the characteristics of selective tourism with those of mass tourism, using Croatian tourism as an example, pointing out all die comparative advantages inherent in the selective tourism model particularly in creating Croatia's new tourism identity. Arguing for the co-existence of the two models, with a gradual shift toward selective types of tourism, this article is a plea for the development of all types of ecologically responsible, small-scale, elite and specific types of tourism, all of them being facets of die selective tourism model.
Obitelj-dijete-škola
Authors: Leburić Anči
Published: September 2018

The paper deals with certain aspects of the family background of upper classes pupils in a primary school in Split. Some of the basic moments of parental socio-economic status and general social milieu are illustrated as well. Specific qualities of interactions developed in these contexts between parents and their children are dealt with in particular. The empirical state "recorded" by a questionnaire at the begining of 1996 is presented in its entirety. It can be generally concluded that our young people establish a close relation between love - health - happiness - welfare. The four-item correlation seems to be a sort of motto to most of them. Within social relations, school as an institution and teachers as incumbents of the teaching process are not isolated factors, in spite of general claims as to on their passiveness. Most empirical findings inspire us with optimism and hope for a better future but at the same time they confirm an understanding that there does not exist any enclosed social area free of any kind of problems.
Filozofijsko razmatranje pojma pravednosti
Authors: Travar Dušan
Published: September 2018

The author gives a historico-problematical account of the conceptions of justice beginning with the Greek mythic understanding (Hesiod), continuing will) Plato’s determination of justice as the ideal of setting up a state and through Aristotel’s making immanent justice as the mean within experientially existing state arrangements and as the measured nature of partitive and corrective justice. The Christian tum towards the attribution of justice to the individual developed out of the theonomously conceived orientation towards God. Leibnitz’s understanding of justice is determined within the universalist- philosophical theory as the greatest moral norm. In addition, the author tersely presents the key thematic passages from Wolff, Hume, Locke, after which he elaborates the formal structure of the concept of justice as the preparatory step for the final consideration of J. Rawls’s Theory of justice and his central principle of the maximin.
Validacija skale suočavanja sa stresom kod djece
Authors: Vulić-Prtorić Anita
Published: September 2018

The article presents the Stress coping scale amongst children which is a translated version of The Schoolagers’ Coping Strategies Scale authored by Nancy Ryan-Wenger (1990). It analyzes the units and the factor structure of the scale. After a critical review the article makes suggestions for further investigations in this field and for the use of the scale.
Prikaz skale anksioznosti za djecu
Authors: Vulić-Prtorić Anita , Sorić Izabela , Takšić Vladimir
Published: September 2018

The article presents the first results of the application of the AFS anxiety scale devised by Wieczerkowski and associates (1973) which was constructed on the model of scales for examining anxiety amongst children such as MAS, CMAS and TASC. The AFS scale examines the anxiety of children between the ages of 9 and 16 regarding three basic aspects of experience (3 subscales): anxiety in the examining situation, general anxiety and dissatisfaction with school. The subscale of social desirability or the lie-scale is a constitutive part of AFS. Seeking to verify the validity of this instrument on the Croatian population the authors used a Croatian translation of the questionnaire on a sample of 701 fifth grade elementary school pupils. The results of the investigation show that all four scales of the AFS questionnaire, although in a bit shortened version, have satisfactory metric characteristics in relation to the Croatian population.
Samoefikasnost i perfekcionizam kod studenata
Authors: Penezić Zvjezdan , Ivanov Lozena , Proroković Ana
Published: September 2018

An investigation with the General Perceived Self-Efficacy and Perfectionism Scales was carried out on 179 students of the Faculty of Arcs in Zadar. On the basis of results obtained in previous investigations with these scales the authors tested their psychometric properties. Both scales have a satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach alpha for general Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale was .85, and for Perfectionism Scale .69). Results from the General Perceived Self- Efficacy Scales were compared with the results obtained on samples of German university students (Schwarzer, 1996). It is possible to explain the results on the sample of Croatians as well as on the sample of Germans in relation to one general factor-the factor of general self- efficacy.
Relacije usamljenosti i samoefikasnosti s nekim osobnim varijablama
Authors: Ivanov Lozena , Penezić Zvjezdan , Gregov Ljiljana
Published: September 2018

Loneliness could be defined as subjective dissatisfaction with interpersonal relationships resulting from either a change in actual social relationships or a change in one’s needs and desires for relationships. Because the forming and modelling of social relationships could be related to some social and general abilities, one of the aims of this research was to find out the relations among loneliness and self-efficacy. The subjects were 88 students of the Faculty of Arts in Zadar who participated in the investigation twice during a period of two weeks. All measures were group administered to subjects. Four measures were used: General Self-Efficacy Scale, Short form of UCLA Loneliness Scale, Perfectionism Scale and Optimism - Pessimism Scales. The subjects assessed their subjective study satisfaction as well as their life satisfaction. Results indicated that there is a negative correlation between general self-efficacy and loneliness, as well as between general self- efficacy and pessimism. There is a positive correlation between perfectionism and loneliness, and between pessimism and loneliness. Life satisfaction was the best negative predictor of loneliness, while perfectionism was the best positive predictor of loneliness. Optimism was one of the main predictors of general self-efficacy.
Kulturno-povijesni i politički identitet
Authors: Rodin Davor
Published: September 2018

The author presents the thesis about the difference between the cultural/historical and the political identity by distinguishing the cultural/historical majorities arid minorities from the political winners and losers. He points to the democratic paradox according to which states are not ruled by the losers' political majorities but by the winners' political minorities. According to the author, in multi-ethnic societies it is necessary to equally develop the popular and the political culture - that is the cultural and political tolerance.
Racionalnost u religiji
Authors: Travar Dušan
Published: September 2018

The author begins by first presenting Freud’s critique of religion and then Jung’s supplement encapsulated in his teachings concerning depth psychology. He explains the psychological approach to religious contents and the complementary rational attitude. He goes on to give a dynamic elaboration of the afore-mentioned supplementary attitude and to give a short perusal of Hegel’s motivation for a philosophy of religion. Religious reason is supplemented by creativity and love while querying and the method of questioning are given precedence over the mere giveness of facts as answers. The author concludes his articles with a brief review of trust as it is thematized through the history of philosophy and as it is acccepted in religion with all the ambiguity and wavering of the concept and die attendant behaviour.
Shvaćanje logike i epistemologije u logičkom pozitivizmu
Authors: Prenđa Gianni
Published: September 2018

Alongside a brief historical account of the rise of the Viena circle, the author lists the main viewpoints concerning tlie conception of logic and epistemology inaugurated in the work of Hans Hahn, Otto Neurath and Moritz Schlick. A possible critique of the logical positivist conception of logic-mathematics resides in the appearance, for example, of alternative geometrical models of a non-Euclidian character where it is shown that logical-mathematical judgements do not only contain a tautological character. The epistemological positions of the followers of logical positivism remain within the framework of so-called traditional epistemology. The author emphasises the conflictual points of these epistemological viewpoints (foundationalism and coherentism) proffering a possible critique from the standpoint of a naturalized approach to the questions of the theory of knowledge,
Changes in stress level during preoperative and postoperative period
Authors: Šimić Nataša , Manenica Ilija
Published: September 2018

The aim of this investigation was to find out the effects of so called preoperative and postoperative stress on some psychophysiological variables on a group of patients. It is reasonable to assume that by the approdi of a surgical operation, the level of anxiety, high activation, pulse rate and patient’s assessment of the gravity of his operation, will increase, which could be taken as an indication of the stress increase. A group of 10 patients, 42 to 69 years of age, expecting an operation of hernia or gall bladder, took part in this investigation, which included measurements of anxiety, high activation (stress), pulse rate and the assessment of gravity of his/her operation, seven days before, one day before and t wo hours before the operation, as well as seven days after the operation. The measurements were taken by standard procedures, while the patients assessed the gravity of the operation on Borg’s scale. The results showed changes in all the variables, i.e. the preoperative stress together with the patients’ assessment of the gravity of operation were increasing as the day of the operation approched. Contrary to this, during the postoperative period, the level of these variables showed a decrease, which was associated with a feeling of “relief’ and a decrease in stress. This study showed that the used variables were good indicators of preoperative and postoperative levels of stress. Nevertheless, these variables could not be used as predictors of postoperative recovery, because of the lack of a reliable definition of the criterion variable.
Uzroci usamljenosti
Authors: Penezić Zvjezdan , Lacković-Grgin Katica , Sorić Izabela
Published: September 2018

Researchers have been primarily oriented on the experience of loneliness and very little attention has been given to the causes of loneliness. This investigation was conducted with the part of the A. Rokach’s questionnaire “Experiences of loneliness” which is related to the causes of loneliness. A questionnaire was administered to 484 subjects aged 16-90 years. The sample consisted of 261 woman and 223 man. The aim was to examine the structure of causes of loneliness, as well as age and gender differences. Principal factor analysis was used, and seven interpretable factors were extracted. These factors were named as: Replacement, Disrupted intimate relationships, Loss, Disrupted relationships in parent’s family, Emotional and social inadequacy, Traumatic experiences, and Disrupted relationships in own family. A series of one way analysis of variance showed that there are no age differences only in the factors named Emotional and social inadequacy and Traumatic experiences. Factors named Replacement, Disrupted intimate relationships, Emotional and social inadequacy, and Disrupted relationships in own family are more significant as causes of loneliness for women. It might be possible that the life situation of older people (widowhood, loss of well known environment) makes older people more vulnerable to loneliness, as well as that developmental changes have more significant impact on adolescents. Men attribute causes of their loneliness to uncontrollable experiences, while women attribute causes of their loneliness to their own behaviour, to their relationships and to their own characterological shortages.
Somatski simptomi anksioznosti kod djece
Authors: Vulić-Prtorić Anita
Published: September 2018

The article discusses ihe Scale of the somatic symptoms of anxiety. Psychometric characteristics abtained on a sample of 250 examinees (pupils of the fifth to eight grade) reveal that we are dealing with a reliable measuring instrument. According to the results girls generally show greater physiological sensitivity and in different situations (separation, social evaluation, examinations, etc) display more somatic symtoms than boys. The audior proposes the evaluation of the examined construct as a separate category of disorder amongst children and adolescents which would be equivalent to the category of Somatization amongst grown-ups in the DSM-IV classification.
Usporedba djece i adolescenata s obzirom na lokalizaciju kvalitete prikazanih objekata
Authors: Ivanov Lozena , Penezić Zvjezdan , Čirić Josip
Published: September 2018

In the last few decades a lot of attention has been given to the metacognitive development of children. Heedful of Piaget's theory of cognitive development the main areas of interest are development of thinking, emotions, coping mechanisms, the relationships between the real and apparent etc. But one of the problems which has not received proper attention is the appreciation of the distinction between two parallel kinds of description of the external world: subjective and objective description. The aim of this research was to compare children aged six and nine years, as well as adolescents according to the appreciation of the relationship between sensations and physical characteristics of objects. The results are compared with the results which Subbotsky (1997) obtained on the samples of British subjects. There are significant effects of age, with adolescents giving more "subjective" answers (localization of sensations in the higher cognitive structures and not in the objects) than children. That is in accordance to the expected stage of cognitive development. The results showed that there are significant differences among Croatian and British subjects' use of subjective and objective answers in the age of six years as well as in the age of nine years. Croatian subjects give more subjective answers than do British subjects.
Efekti različitih metoda poučavanja na usvajanje gradiva iz matematike kod učenika četvrtih razreda osnovne škole
Authors: Zekanović-Korona Ljiljana , Pedisić Anita
Published: September 2018

Proceeding from the principle of the rational organisation of learning, the investigation attempted to establish the effect of programmed teaching of mathematics with the help of computers. The investigation was carried out in March 1999 amongst 87 pupils attending the fourth grade in the “Šime Budinić” elementary school in Zadar. A test (1) which examined the level of acquired knowledge from math was applied. The pupils were also tested with Raven’s progressive coloured matrices which examine the children’s ability to draw logical conclusions. General grades and grades from math at the end of the first semester were also collected. Using a model of regressive analysis where the test results from mathematics and the results of Raven’s matrices were treated as predictor variables and general grades and the semestar grade from mathematics as criterion variables it was established dial only the result of the math test was a significant predictor of criterion variables. This is why according to the results of the math test the pupils in the classroom were assigned to the experimental (E) and the control (C) group (four E and and four C groups)respectively. The experimental groups was taught a lesson from mathematics (during four school classes) with the help of programmed material on the computer (N=43) while the control pupils were taught in the traditional manner “by their teacher using chalk and a blackboard". The level of acquired knowledge from the assigned lesson amongst pupils in group E and C was examined by another math test. The results show that there is no statistical significant difference in the quantity of acquired knowledge between the experimental and control group of pupils. The investigation showed that both programmed and traditional teaching are equally effective.
Neki tipovi valjanosti i pouzdanosti dviju skala vjerovanja u pravedan svijet
Authors: Ćubela Vera , Proroković Ana , Gregov Ljiljana
Published: September 2018

Almost three decades of research on individual differences in the Belief in a Just World (BJW) provided strong evidence of their relationship with measurements of a number of other constructs such as authoritarianism, religiosity, locus of control, attitudes toward (under)privileged, neuroticism, life satisfaction and other indicators of well-being. This paper presents some psychometric characteristics of the General BJW scale (Dalbert et al., 1987) and the Personal BJW scale (Dalbert, 1993) that were established in their first administration to a group of 206 students at the Faculty of Science and Arts in Zadar. Both scales were found to be reliable, one-factor measures of two relatively separated aspects of the BJW. Consistently with findings at previous studies, the level of endorsement of BJW statements in our study was significantly higher for the Personal than the General BJW scale. The analysis of BJW scales correlations with the ratings of different aspects of life satisfaction, as measured by the Quality of Life scale (Krizmanić and Kolesarić, 1992), supported lite assumption that the BJW (especially in the personal domain) is a significant contributor in explaining the variance of life satisfaction ratings.
The Family Concept From Cultural Conservative to Liberal Perspective
Authors: Ivoš Erma
Published: September 2018

In this essay the author discuss two concepts of definition the family which are linked with two different ideologyes, cultural conservatism and liberalism. At the end of the 20th century they are recognised as the concepts who, although from different position, are fighting the same battle: for the family. Special reflection on Wartenbergs interpretation of “transformative power” shows an incapacity of the feministic theory of domination and power based on classical male-female, family-society dichotomy to see that power and power-over has not only the negative essence. “Transformative power” used by parents is in essence positive power because it helps those who have no power to become autonomous beeings what leeds to its own elimination.
Durkheimov teorijsko-metodologijski pristup religiji
Authors: Oštarić Željko
Published: September 2018

In this paper the author tries to examine the main ideas of Emile Durkeim's sociology of religion. Special attention is paid to the problem of the initial definition of religion, as one of the paramount presumption within the sociological survey of the religious phenomenon. In this regard, the paper is divided into three sections: in the first part, the author deals with Durkheim's theoretical and methodological frame within which he will start to define the elemental forms of religion: in the second part, it take into consideration the so-called 'working definition of religion'; and finally, in die third part, it analyses the formal and the substantive elements of the final definition of religion. The final definiton comprises two related elements, one substantive, the other functional. The substantive element asserted that religion involved a perception of the world in terms of the distinction between the sacred and the profane. The second element asserted that religion functioned to create moral community in society.
Samorecepcija mladih kao ratne generacije
Authors: Leburić Anči
Published: September 2018

The authors start from the assumption that the youth of Dalmatia during the middle 90ies did not enclose themselves within their own “world of indifference” although certain changes had taken place in the socio-cultural identity of youth in Croatia. During and after the war the tensions between parent culture and youth culture had even slackened. By researching youth the authors attempted to embrace the growing expressed plurality and the differentiality of their modes of behaviour. The comparative research aggenda covered an exceptionally wide spectre of investigated features. The authors investigated the war situation and the impact it had on the modification of thought amongst students of sociuology and groups of young people in Dalmatia (N=320). The fundamental aim of the investigation was to analyse the impact of the war situation in Croatia on the changes in selfunderstanding amongst youth. The text presents the results of survey-type sociological investigations which were carried out from 1993 to 1996 and realised in combination with different types of samples and different ways of selecting examinees. The use of the comparative method explained various interactive and similar connections such as those in parental, familial and other relationships. The authors conclude that the factors of postmodernization in Croatia did not have a strong impact on young people but that the war as a social fact played a more determinate role in creating the sense of their position which was seen as equal to the position of grow-ups. In principle, young people remain optimistic, are readier to face the challenges of life and put forward priorities in their life similar to those of young people throughout the world. They are equally demanding in regard to the questions of education and future job opportunities. Admittedly, there do exist insignificant differences in the attitudes between the sociology students and the other groups which were subjected to investigation but they do not in any essential way influence most of the empirical generalizations since we are dealing here with a selfconscious generation, relatively serious, mature and looking with optimism into the future.
Značenje aristotelovog razumijevanja Politeie za suvremenu demokraciju
Authors: Čorić Ratko
Published: September 2018

In this paper the author explores the rise of the concept of politics amongst by the Greeks which acquires its full expression in Aristotle's practical philosophy. Its central term is politeia, understood as the activity of free and equal citizens in the creation of good living within a community. Politeia is also an internal purpose which conducts all the state forms that arise in concrete political practise as "mixed constitution". Starting from this the paper explores some current attempts to make a relatonship between old and new politeia as mixtures. New politeia as a modem constitutional state is a mixture in which representation is the element of aristocracy, and the common vote right is the element of democracy. Care for the social and ethical totality of political representatives and the same for the citizens who vote and control them make the modern constitutional state comparable with Aristotle's politeia.
Problem određenja cilja odgoja u kulturnoj pedagogiji u Hrvatskoj između dvaju svjetskih ratova
Authors: Radeka Igor
Published: September 2018

Cultural pedagogy in Croatian between the World Wars is a powerful and dynamic pedagogical movement which produced three distinctive theoretical concepts advanced by Stjepan Matičević, Pavao Vuk-Pavlović and Stjepan Patakija. By way of their contribution to pedagogy these scholars deserve credit for bringing pedagogy in Croatia between the two wars on a par with the achievemnets of world pedagogical thought, completing as they did through cultural pedagogy the process of the scientific self-constitution of pedagogy. Amongst a serioes of themes from the teleology of cultural pedagogy the problem of determining the aim of education occupies a particularly significant position.Cultural pedagogy conceives the aim of education as inculturation wherein the subjective spirit of the individual grows into the objective spirit of the community. The leading scholars embracing this movement were in agreement regarding their efforts to define the concrete value contents of the aim of education which, thusly positioned, as the specific expression of the fundamental purpose of life, belongs to philosophical axiology. However, as was the case regarding a number of other very fruitful discussions about different pedagogical questions, differences arise among the above mentioned scholars when pinpointing the place and manner of operationizing the aim of education. While Pavao Vuk-Pavlović remains within his abstract philosophical determinations, Stjepan Matičević and Stjepan Pataki leave the elaboration of a philosophically defined purpose to pedagogical teteology. In this matter, Stjepan Matičević achieves the highest level of its concretization while Stjepan Pataki leaves the approach to the aim of education within each cultural constellation to the educator’s search for authentic values within concrete cultural conditions. Alongside the analysis of the answers to queries what is education and how to educate, the elaboration of the query what is the aim of education is to be numbered among the key pedagogical tasks. Cultural pedagogy in Croatia between die two World Wars developed an original teleological construct in tackling this task, a construct which deserves to be actualized in recent pedagogical reality.
Ideja deskriptivne epistemologije
Authors: Markusović Arne
Published: September 2018

The failure of logical empiricism initiated a new path in epistemology. The first turn was made by Willard Quine who suggested to reject the foundational epistemology and to describe the knowing subject for the purpose of undestanding knowledge. The description is to be looked for in psychology, thus making epistemology a pant of psychology, i. e. part of natural science. The objection about circular reasoning is rejected because descriptive epistemology does not attempt to found science by means of science, but only to understand science by means of itself. Donald T. Campbell is of the opinion that in order to describe the knowing subject, the number of relevant sciences has to be increased. First of all, the fact that man has developed in the course of biological evolution shows that knowledge should be seen in the light of evolution. Campbell sees evolution as the process of acquiring knowledge, which means that survival of the individual and of a species is the result of successful knowledge, successful problem-solving. The model of blind variation and selective retention is, therefore, applicable to all forms of knowledge, scientific knowledge included. Science is not contrary to nature; there is no discontinuity between the evolution of life and science. The model which biology has discovered as the model of the evolution of life is at the same time (and first of all) the model of acquiring knowledge. Karl Popper has achieved what is essentially the same result by logical analysis of the growth of scientific knowledge. Scientific theories are conjectures (blind variations) of which some are rejected and other accepted (selective retention) in the scientific struggle for life. The trial-and-error model is applicable to the amoeba and to Einstein.
Kantov doprinos formiranju pojma znanosti u filozofiji (1)
Authors: Jakić Mirko
Published: September 2018

This article deals with Emmanuel Kant’s original contribution to the formation of the concept of science in philosophy. As this philosopher appears in a period of strong disagreement between rationalistic speculative philosophy on one side and the empirical tradition on the other, this philosophy represents an important attempt to create an original philosophical system having taken over the most successful itetns (in methodological-pragmatistical as well as in systematic-theoretical sense) from both of these two philosophical trends. By effectual program, using the results and theories of influential scientific paradigms of that period, he figures as science philosopher contributing essentialy to the formation of the concept of science in philosophy. This article is a part of greater whole; in this part the formation of the fundamental concept of science as pointed out through the concepts of: a priori perception, apprehension, quantity, substance, synthesis, analysis, concept, apperception, consciousness, self-consciousness, intellect
On Katz-Postal integrated theory of linguistic descriptions
Authors: Smodlaka Snježana
Published: September 2018

In 1963 J. J. Katz and J. A. Fodor in their »The Structure of a Semantic Theory« encouraged semantic studies and proposed to consider semantics as an integral part of generative grammar. Next year J. J. Katz and P. M. Postal in »An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Description« tried to integrate generative concepts of phonology and syntax proposed by Chomsky with semantics; they also aimed to provide an adequate means of incorporating grammatical and semantic description of a language into one integrated description. Of the three components of any linguistic description syntactic component represents generative source, generates the abstract formal structures that underlie actual sentence; semantic and phonological components operate on the syntactic output, perform independent operations on the syntactic structures and provide respectively semantic interpretation and phonological representation to each of the formal structures generated by the syntactic component. The syntactic component must be a system of rules that enumerates the infinite set of abstract formal structures; the rules assign one or more structural descriptions to each sitring of formatives. The semantic component consists of a dictionary, containing meanings of each lexical item of a language, and a finite set of projection rules. String of formatives is given the meaning from the dictionary; projection rules provide semantic interpretation of each element of the string, combining the meanings according to the syntactic description of the string. This paper explains their theory and proceedings in detail.
Katzova semantika unutar i izvan transformacijske gramatike
Authors: Festini Heda
Published: September 2018

Katz’s semantics (IS) is presented as obsolete attempt to form intensional semantics, and not, as Katz intended — to give dialectical synthesis between classical and causal theory. A fundamental objection refers to an unsuccessful distinction competence/performance, type/replica.