bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A Setting Where Things Can Happen”: The Dialectics of Liberation Congress and the Politics of Knowledge in the 1960s
Authors: Serby Benjamin
Published: November 2024

For two weeks in July 1967, several thousand people attended the International Congress on the Dialectics of Liberation in London, a sprawling event that is now largely remembered as a point of convergence for an unlikely roster of prominent radical intellectuals—Stokely Carmichael, Allen Ginsberg, Paul Goodman, and Herbert Marcuse among them. This article uses a broad array of sources to present the congress as a mass counterinstitution in which a variety of social actors—including not only the invited speakers, but also conference organizers and audience members—struggled to establish nonauthoritarian forms of knowledge production. The record of these efforts, and in particular the audience's demand to participate directly in the production and exchange of ideas, illuminates the ways in which radical intellectuals' challenge to dominant institutions in the global North during the late 1960s threatened to undermine their own discursive authority.
The Birth of an Underground Gas Storage in a Depleted Gas Reservoir—Results From Integrated Seismic and Ground Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Priolo E. , Zinno I. , Guidarelli M. , Romanelli M. , Lanari R. , Sandron D. , Garbin M. , Peruzza L. , Romano M. A. , Zuliani D. , Tunini L. , Magrin A.
Published: November 2024

In the Po Valley (Italy), near Lodi, a depleted methane reservoir was recently converted into an underground gas storage (UGS) facility. We describe the new monitoring infrastructure that integrates seismic and ground deformation capabilities. We also present results obtained before and after the start of UGS operation, namely: (a) the so‐called “background,” for seismicity and deformation estimated over several decades before the UGS; (b) the “seismic baseline,” assessed using the new monitoring network over nearly 2 years before the gas injection began; and (c) the seismicity and deformation measured over the first 3 years of UGS operation. In practice, we observe the phenomena associated with the “birth” of a UGS with remarkable instrumental capabilities. Following three cycles of injection/extraction, about 30 events consistent with natural, tectonically related seismicity were located within 30 km of the UGS. Moreover, the observed uplift of about 2 cm is consistent with theoretical expectations of ground deformation. Our study confirms that UGS in depleted gas reservoirs, if well managed, can result in negligible, if any, human‐induced seismicity and limited ground surface deformation. It also shows the importance of measuring the undisturbed conditions prior to industrial activities over a sufficiently long period of time, to correctly interpret the phenomena observed later.
Enduring modulation of dorsal raphe nuclei regulates (R,S)-ketamine-mediated resilient stress-coping behavior
Authors: Camargo Anderson , Nilsson Anna , Shariatgorji Reza , Appleton Ellen , Branzell Niclas , Doyon Daniel , Giovenzana Mattia , Zhang Xiaoqun , Dautan Daniel , Andren Per E. , Svenningsson Per
Published: November 2024

Ketamine may be a novel pharmacologic approach to enhance resilience and protect against stress-related disorders, but the molecular targets underlying this response remain to be fully characterized. The multifunctional protein p11 is crucial in the pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant responses. However, it is still unclear whether p11 plays a role in the pro-resilience effects induced by ketamine. Here, we demonstrated that prophylactic administration of ketamine buffers passive stress-induced maladaptive phenotypes induced by chronic stress exposure. Spatial neurotransmitter and metabolite analysis revealed that prophylactic ketamine was also effective in blunting stress-induced disturbances of tryptophan metabolism in dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN). Additionally, we demonstrated that ketamine prevented chronic restraint stress-induced p11 reduction in DRN, a highly p11-enriched region. Furthermore, we provide novel evidence indicating that p11 deficiency regulates susceptibility to stress-induced depression-related phenotypes, and these behavioral maladaptations are dependent, at least in part, on p11 function in serotonergic neurons. Spatial neurotransmitter and metabolite analysis also showed a reduction of tryptophan and dopamine metabolism in DRN of serotonergic p11-deficient mice. Viral-mediated downregulation of p11 within DRN induced a stress-susceptible phenotype. Finally, our results also unveiled that the ability of ketamine to elicit a pro-resilience response against stress-induced maladaptive phenotypes was occluded when p11 was selectively deleted in serotonergic neurons. Altogether, we showed a previously unexplored role of the DRN circuit in regulating stress susceptibility and resilience-enhancing actions of ketamine.
CRIPTO’s multifaceted role in driving aggressive prostate cancer unveiled by in vivo, organoid, and patient data
Authors: Rodrigues Sousa Elisa , de Brot Simone , Zoni Eugenio , Zeinali Soheila , Brunello Andrea , Scarpa Mario , De Menna Marta , La Manna Federico , Abey Alexander Allen , Klima Irena , Freeman David W. , Gates Brooke L. , Cristaldi Domenico A. , Guenat Olivier T. , Kruithof Boudewijn P. T. , Spike Benjamin T. , Chouvardas Panagiotis , Kruithof-de Julio Marianna
Published: November 2024

CRIPTO (or CR-1 or TDGF1) is a protein that plays an active role in tumor initiation and progression. We have confirmed that increased expression of CRIPTO is associated with clinical and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression in human prostate tissues. Our approach involved gaining insight into the role of CRIPTO signaling in castration-resistant Nkx3.1-expressing cells (CARNs), targets for oncogenic transformation in prostate cancer (PCa), by integrating the existing Cripto
flox/flox into CARNs model. The most aggressive stage was modeled using an inducible Cre under control of the Nkx3.1 promoter conferring Nkx3.1 inactivation and driving Pten inactivation, oncogenic Kras activation, and lineage tracing with yellow fluorescence protein (EYFP) upon induction. Our findings provide evidence that selective depletion of Cripto in epithelial cells in vivo reduced the invasive phenotype, particularly in more advanced tumor stages. Moreover, in vitro experiments with Cripto overexpression demonstrated alterations in the physical features of organoids, which correlated with increased tumorigenic activity. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a unique CRIPTO/MYC co-activation signature associated with PSA progression in a human PCa cohort. Taken together, our data highlights a role for CRIPTO in tumor invasiveness and progression, which carries implications for biomarkers and targeted therapies.
A biomimetic 3D DNA nanoplatform for enhanced capture and high-purity isolation of stem cell exosomes
Authors: Meng Lingxia , Zhao Tingting , Wang Shuaiying , Wang Wenxiao
Published: November 2024

Multivalent CD63 aptamers efficiently capture stem cell exosomes, while MB/AuNPs act as photothermal reagents to generate heat under near-infrared light irradiation, achieving conformational changes of CD63 aptamers and controllable release of exosomes.
π-Curved Blatter radicals: Blatter helicenes
Authors: Singh Hemant K. , Bodzioch Agnieszka , Pietrzak Anna , Kaszyński Piotr
Published: November 2024

Convenient access to Blatter radical helicenes through a photo-Smiles rearrangement.
Enantioselective interactions of aminonitrile dimers
Authors: Watanabe Natsuki , Komatsu Yu , Miyagawa Koichi , Hori Yuta , Shigeta Yasuteru , Shoji Mitsuo
Published: November 2024

The most stable conformation of the ll-dimer of isovaline aminonitrile (2-amino-2-methylbutanenitrile) in the gas phase.
Selective photoreduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid using Cs3Bi2Cl9–Ir/IrOx hybrid materials
Authors: Pandurangappa Govardhan , Kaliyaperumal Alamelu , Chetty Raghuram , Chandiran Aravind Kumar
Published: November 2024

The halide materials are employed as photocatalyst for selective conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid.
Solid-state synthesis of CN-encapsulated CoFe alloy catalysts for mild HMF oxidation to FDCA: insights into the kinetics and mechanism
Authors: Liu Beibei , Liu Haolan , Wang Hui , Ma Zixu , Cheng Xianglin , Chang Chun , Nie Renfeng
Published: November 2024

CN-encapsulated CoFe alloy enhanced the adsorption and activation of both HMF and oxygen, working in synergy with the support to reduce reaction energy barriers and promote the formation of FDCA.
A dynamically assembled bionic ion pump interface towards high-rate and stable-cycling zinc metal batteries
Authors: Xu Xiaoyun , Li Songmei , An Junwei , Luo Zicheng , Du Juan , Zhong Jinyan , Yu Mei , Yang Shubin , Li Bin
Published: November 2024

A bionic ion pump interface is developed by introducing acetylated proteins (α-HPace) with strong Zn2+ recognition ability.
Revealing transport, uptake and damage of polystyrene microplastics using a gut-liver-on-a-chip
Authors: Wang Yushen , Han Junlei , Tang Wenteng , Zhang Xiaolong , Ding Jiemeng , Xu Zhipeng , Song Wei , Li Xinyu , Wang Li
Published: November 2024

This study employs a gut-liver-on-a-chip (GLOC) to explore microplastics (MPs) transport, absorption, and associated liver damage. Enhanced intestinal peristalsis significantly reduces MPs transport, underscoring its protective role for the liver.
Dual acid/glutathione-responsive core-degradable/shell-sheddable block copolymer nanoassemblies bearing benzoic imines for enhanced drug release
Authors: Hu Xiaolei , Larocque Kevin , Piekny Alisa , Oh Jung Kwon
Published: November 2024

Development of dual acid/GSH-responsive strategy based on block copolymer nanoassemblies labeled with benzoic imine bonds at core/corona interfaces and disulfide linkages in hydrophobic cores at dual locations for precise control over drug release.
Fast, catalyst-free room temperature production of isocyanate-free polyurethane foams using aromatic thiols
Authors: Bourguignon Maxime , Grignard Bruno , Detrembleur Christophe
Published: November 2024

Aromatic thiols promote rapid self-foaming of isocyanate-free polyurethane formulations at room temperature under catalyst-free conditions.
Composite of knitted fabric and soft matrix. I. Crack growth in the course direction
Authors: Liu Fengkai , Chen Xi , Suo Zhigang , Tang Jingda
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on the microscopic processes of crack growth in a composite of knitted fabric and soft matrix in the course direction under both monotonic and cyclic stretching.
Online fountain code with an improved caching mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yin , Zhen Zhen , Zhao Yuli , Lau Francis C. M. , Ma Bochang , Zhang Bin , Yu Hai , Zhu Zhiliang
Published: November 2024

The original online fountain codes discard a large number of symbols that do not meet the requirements at the decoder. To improve channel utilization, this article proposes a new online fountain code. In the completion phase, the proposed code improves the receiving rules of encoded symbols, that is, the encoded symbols discarded in the original online fountain codes are selectively cached. Moreover, an optimal degree selection strategy of encoded symbols is obtained in the proposed scheme. The valid degree range of the proposed strategy is also analyzed, leading to an upper bound of cached events which eventually limits the number of feedbacks. The theoretical analysis and simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme outperforms two state‐of‐the‐art online fountain codes in terms of overhead factors, number of feedback transmissions, and encoding/decoding efficiency.
Assessing the detection of the Yarkovsky effect using the Gaia DR3 and FPR catalogues
Authors: Dziadura Karolina , Bartczak Przemysław , Oszkiewicz Dagmara
Published: November 2024

Aims. The primary objective of this study was to use the newest Gaia Focused Product Release (FPR) catalogue, which contains ultra-precise asteroid astrometry spanning 66 months, to detect the Yarkovsky effect. This non-gravitational acceleration affects the orbits of small asteroids. Moreover, we examined close approaches of near-Earth asteroids by comparing orbits calculated based on Gaia data.

Methods. We used the conventional least-squares orbit computation method, which is available in the OrbFit software (version developed at the MPC). We used the latest Gaia FPR, complemented by data from the Minor Planet Center and radar astrometry from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We fitted the orbital parameters for 446 eear-Earth asteroids, including the additional non-gravitational transverse acceleration, to model the Yarkovsky effect. Furthermore, we compared the results obtained using different datasets: the Gaia FPR, and the previous Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3).

Results. We detected a robust Yarkovsky effect in 43 NEAs. As expected, we found an improvement in the orbital element uncertainty and in the signal-to-noise ratio of the Yarkovsky effect detections when we used the current Gaia FPR with twice the observing arc compared to the Gaia DR3 catalogue. We also found nine additional reliable detections of the Yarkovsky effect based on the new Gaia FPR catalogue.

Conclusions. It can be important to include the Yarkovsky effect in the force model to reliably estimate close-approach distances of near-Earth asteroids. Several of the detected Yarkovsky drifts already have a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 10, which is high enough for their Yarkovsky effect to be included in their reliable long-term orbital evolution, close approach, and Earth-impact analysis. The final Gaia catalogue may provide a much higher number of detections with a high signal-to-noise ratio of the Yarkovsky effect. This would allow us to include the effect more broadly in routine close-approach and impact analyses of these objects.
Examining the brightness variability, accretion disk, and evolutionary stage of the binary OGLE-LMC-ECL-14413
Authors: Mennickent R. E. , Djurašević G. , Rosales J. A. , Garcés J. , Petrović J. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Jurkovic M. , Soszyński I. , Fernández-Trincado J. G.
Published: November 2024

Context. Several intermediate-mass close binary systems exhibit photometric cycles longer than their orbital periods, potentially due to changes in their accretion disks. Past studies indicate that analyzing historical light curves can provide valuable insights into disk evolution and track variations in mass transfer rates within these systems.

Aims. Our study aims to elucidate both short-term and long-term variations in the light curve of the eclipsing system OGLE-LMC-ECL-14413, with a particular focus on the unusual reversals in eclipse depth. We aim to clarify the role of the accretion disk in these fluctuations, especially in long-cycle changes spanning hundreds of days. Additionally, we seek to determine the evolutionary stage of the system and gain insights into the internal structure of its stellar components.

Methods. We analyzed photometric time series from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) project in I and V bands, and from the MAssive Compact Halo Objects (MACHO) project in the BM and RM bands, covering a period of 30.85 years. Using light curve data from 27 epochs, we constructed models of the accretion disk. An optimized simplex algorithm was employed to solve the inverse problem, deriving the best-fit parameters for the stars, orbit, and disk. We also utilized the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) software to assess the evolutionary stage of the binary system, investigating the progenitors and potential future developments.

Results. We found an orbital period of 38.15917 ± 0.00054 days and a long-term cycle of approximately 780 days. Temperature, mass, radius, and surface gravity values were determined for both stars. The photometric orbital cycle and the long-term cycle are consistent with a disk containing variable physical properties, including two shock regions. The disk encircles the more massive star and the system brightness variations align with the long-term cycle at orbital phase 0.25. Our mass transfer rate calculations correspond to these brightness changes. MESA simulations indicate weak magnetic fields in the donor star’s subsurface, which are insufficient to influence mass transfer rates significantly.
Real-time dose prediction for Artemis missions
Authors: Hu Shaowen , Barzilla Janet E. , Núñez Marlon , Semones Edward
Published: November 2024

As large solar energetic particle (SEP) events can add significant radiation dose to astronauts in a short period of time and even induce acute clinical responses during missions, they present a concern for manned space flight operation. To assist the operations team in modeling and monitoring organ doses and any possible acute radiation-induced risks to astronauts during SEP events in real time, ARRT (Acute Radiation Risks Tool) 1.0 has been developed and successfully tested for Artemis I mission. The ARRT 2.0 described in this work integrates an established SEP forecasting model – UMASEP-100, further enabling real-time dose prediction for the upcoming Artemis II and following missions. With the new module linking with UMASEP-100 outputs in real time, the total BFO doses of most significant events can be communicated at the time of onset and hours before the peak. This is based on a flux-dose formula identified from comparing UMASEP-100 results with transport calculation for the events during 1994–2013 and validated with events outside that period. ARRT 2.0 also shows capability to distinguish minor events from significant ones to screen false alarms that will cause disruptions for space activities. This improvement provides additional information for operational teams to make timely decisions in contingent scenarios of severe SEP events to mitigate radiation exposure.
Die Bedeutung der eigenen Widerstandskraft
Authors: Mattenklotz Joergen
Published: November 2024

Haben Sie sich auch schon mal gefragt: Bin ich gewappnet für Krisen? Wie kann ich Belastungsfaktoren bei mir selbst, aber auch bei Patient*innen und deren Angehörigen erkennen und bewältigen? Das Konzept der Resilienz kann dabei unterstützen, Ressourcen zu stärken und Lebensqualität zurückzugewinnen.
Vergiss nicht deinen eigenen Baum, wenn du fremde Bäume pflegst
Authors: Osterkamp Hans-Peter
Published: November 2024

Was wir von Bäumen über unsere eigene Resilienz lernen können.
Resilienz – alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen?
Authors: Schädle-Deininger Hilde , Mattenklotz Joergen
Published: November 2024

Manchmal entsteht der Eindruck, dass der Gedanke, Menschen zu befähigen, ihren Alltag zu meistern und Widerstandsfähigkeiten zu entwickeln – also aus ihrer eigenen Kraft schöpfen zu können – erst seit kurzer Zeit mitgedacht wird. Wenn jedoch Resilienz unter anderem als Kompetenz, Stress zu bewältigen und sich immer wieder aufzurichten, begriffen wird, ist und war das dahinterliegende Verständnis als Haltung im psychosozialen Bereich grundsätzlich nicht wegzudenken.
PEG-Anlage bei einer 42-jährigen Patientin mit Verdacht auf eine neue Variante der Creutzfeld-Jakob-Krankheit mit Hilfe eines Einmalbronchoskops
Authors: Klausner Michael , Feller Roman , Vogt Wolfgang , Wege Henning
Published: November 2024

Prionenerkrankungen stellen eine Herausforderung für den Einsatz flexibler wiederverwendbarer Endoskope dar. Speziell für die neue Variante der Creutzfeld-Jakob-Erkrankung (vCJK) existieren bislang keine geeigneten Aufbereitungsverfahren. Bei diesen Patienten gelten nur Einmalendoskope als hygienisch sicher. Der Fallbericht zeigt die PEG-Anlage bei einer 42-jährigen Patientin mit Verdacht auf eine vCJK mithilfe eines Einmalbronchoskops.
Entwurf mit Luft nach oben
Authors: Vogler Christine
Published: November 2024

Im September 2024 hat das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit den Referentenentwurf eines
Pflegekompetenzgesetzes (PKG) vorgelegt. Die Eckpunkte hierzu lagen seit Dezember 2023 vor. Der
Gesetzentwurf sollte im November 2024 folgen. Hier mehr über die Inhalte.
Wenn Erfahrung auf Innovation trifft
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Die faulsten, die ungebildetsten, die egozentrischsten ... Seit jeher rechnet die ältere Generation mit
einer Verrohung der Sitten bei den Jüngeren. Seit einigen Jahren wird dieser „Generationenkonflikt“ auch
medial stark beachtet. Wir sprachen mit einem von Deutschlands bekanntesten Generationenforschern.
Deutlicher Anstieg neu diagnostizierter Hepatitis B- und Hepatitis C-Fälle nach Einführung des Screenings in die allgemeine Gesundheitsuntersuchung (ehemals „Check-up 35“) in Deutschland
Authors: Hüppe Dietrich , Serfert Yvonne , Cornberg Markus , Wedemeyer Heiner
Published: November 2024

Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) hat 2016 beschlossen, bis 2030 90% der weltweiten Hepatitis B und C-Virus-infektionen zu identifizieren, 80% zu behandeln und die Mortalität um 65% zu senken. Die Bundesregierung hat sich 2016 diesen Zielen angeschlossen. Daher wurde ab dem 01.10.21 ein einmaliges Screening auf Hepatitis B und C in die Gesundheitsuntersuchung (GU) ab 35 Jahren für GKV-Versicherte aufgenommen. Die vorliegende Arbeit bewertet die bisherigen Teilnahmeraten an der GU, die Effektivität des Programms anhand der Meldedaten des Robert Koch-Institutes (RKI) und schätzt die Entwicklung der Behandlungszahlen ab.

Mitteilungen des Zentralinstitutes der Kassenärztlichen Versorgung (ZI) und des Wissenschaftlichen Institutes der Ortskrankenkassen (WIdO) sowie Abrechnungsdaten der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung (KBV) wurden bzgl. der GU zusammengestellt und die Meldedaten des RKI unter Verwendung von SURVSTAT@RKI 2.0 analysiert.

Zwischen 2007 und 2021 nahmen etwa 83% aller Versicherten mindestens einmal an einer GU teil. Ab dem 4. Quartal 2021 stieg die Anzahl der neu diagnostizierten Fälle von Hepatitis B und C an. Im Jahr 2022 betrug die Zunahme für Hepatitis B 92% und für Hepatitis C 68%. Dieser Trend setzte sich im Jahr 2023 fort, wobei die Neudiagnosen von Hepatitis B um 160% (auf 22.795 Fälle) und von Hepatitis C 121% (auf 10.508 Fälle) im Vergleich zu 2021 zunahmen. Die Analyse der Abrechnungsdaten der KBV zeigte, dass die Zunahme der Neudiagnosen eine starke Korrelation zwischen der Anzahl der Neudiagnosen im Rahmen der GU und der Gesamtzahl der Diagnosen insgesamt aufweist.

Die Entscheidung des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA), das Hepatitis B und C Screening in die GU aufzunehmen, scheint zielführend, um die bisher unentdeckten Fälle der Erkrankungen zu erkennen. Die Ziele der WHO erscheinen erreichbar.
Severe gastroparesis complicated by gastric perforation caused by lightchain amyloidosis
Authors: Rietz Michael , Weber Tobias , Schaller Tina , Luitjens Jan Hendrik , Uhrmacher Luise , Messmann Helmut , Probst Andreas
Published: November 2024

AL-Amyloidosis is a rare systemic disease that can occur in patients with monoclonal gammopathy or multiple myeloma. As multiple organs may be affected by deposition of amyloid fibrils, the clinical presentation varies considerably, and the diagnostic process may be challenging.

We report on a 59-year-old female who suffered from gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, nausea, epigastric pain, and meteorism over several years. Repeated upper GI endoscopies including biopsies and CT scans were unremarkable except for unspecific enlargement of mesenterial lymph nodes.

A few weeks after a surgical hiatal hernia repair with fundoplication, the patient developed massive distension of the stomach and the proximal duodenum resulting in gastric perforation. Histopathological staining of gastric biopsies and mesenterial lymph nodes using hematoxylin and eosin was unremarkable. Because of endoscopic findings (submucosal hematomas, and ulcerations) and the unexplained severe motility disorder, histopathological staining was performed using Congo red. Extensive amyloid deposits were seen. Further workup confirmed AL amyloidosis caused by monoclonal gammopathy. Specific oncological treatment was started.

The rare differential diagnosis of amyloidosis should be taken into account in patients with unexplained motility disorders, unspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, and abdominal lymphadenopathy. In the presented case, delayed diagnosis of AL amyloidosis in the gastrointestinal tract led to severe gastroparesis resulting in gastric perforation. Specific histopathologic staining can confirm the diagnosis.
Trends in Gabapentin Use in Neonatal Intensive Care Units from 2005 to 2020
Authors: Roberts Annette G. , Kilpatrick Ryan , Diaz Lindsey D. , Benjamin Scott , Espinoza Santiago Athziry J , Jallow Bubacarr , Monteith Madison F. , Rumsey Sarah , Clark Reese H. , Zimmerman Kanecia , Benjamin Daniel K. , Greenberg Rachel G.
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aimed to analyze trends in gabapentin use in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and examine demographic characteristics, diagnoses, and concomitant medications associated with its use.

Study Design Cohort study of 987,181 infants hospitalized in the NICU from 2005 to 2020.

Results Eighty-five infants (<0.01%) received gabapentin. From 2009 to 2020, there was a 1,055% relative increase in gabapentin use (p < 0.01). The median birth weight was 2,160 g (25th, 75th percentiles: 875, 3,080 g) in gabapentin-exposed infants compared with 2,498 g (1,890, 3,210 g) in unexposed infants (p < 0.001). Over half (55%) of infants receiving gabapentin were born prematurely, 54% (n = 45) had chronic lung disease, 46% (n = 39) had gastrostomy tubes, and 34% (n = 29) had drug withdrawal syndrome; 49% (n = 42) and 27% (n = 23) received opioids and benzodiazepines, respectively.

Conclusion Use of gabapentin was rare but increased over time despite limited research on its safety and efficacy in infants, illuminating the need for further studies.

Key Points
A Survey of Minimally Invasive Surfactant Use in the United States
Authors: Ahn Natasha , Derrick Matthew , Hussain Walid
Published: November 2024

Objective Minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) has become the standard of care in delivering surfactant noninvasively in many parts of the world, particularly throughout Europe; however, centers in the United States have been slower to adopt it. The most recent assessment of the use of MIST in the United States was in 2018 by Kurepa et al. Considering the increasing evidence favoring MIST, this paper reassessed the current rate of utilization and aims to examine barriers to MIST implementation.

Study Design A web-based survey was distributed to approximately 4,500 individuals in the American Academy of Pediatrics Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine (AAP SoNPM) mailing list. The questions were aimed at addressing MIST usage in the United States, examining barriers for neonatology providers to implement MIST into their practice, and determining the use of sedation during the MIST procedure.

Results Of the 381 respondents, 39% used MIST as part of their practice, which was an increase from 15% in 2018. The most prevalent barrier to implementation was the lack of procedural training. There was a large increase in the use of sedation for the procedure compared with 2018.

Conclusion MIST use among AAP SoNPM respondents has more than doubled since 2018; InSurE (INtubation-SURfactant delivery Extubation) remains the most prevalent method of surfactant delivery in non-intubated patients. The list of different types of barriers and comments provided by respondents can be a resource for units planning to implement MIST.

Key Points
Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap with Implant Placement has a Favorable Complication Profile Compared with Implant-Only or Flap-Only Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Carol , Roy Nikita , Montalmant Keisha E. , Shamamian Peter , Seyidova Nargiz , Oleru Olachi , Graziano Francis , Jacobs Jordan M.S. , Sbitany Hani , Henderson Peter W.
Published: November 2024

Background Hybrid deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap and simultaneous silicone implant breast reconstruction procedures (“DIEP + I”) have many conceptual advantages compared with either reconstruction method alone, but the outcomes of DIEP + I reconstruction have not yet been well studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of DIEP + I with implant-only and DIEP-only reconstruction.

Methods A retrospective review was conducted of patients undergoing DIEP + I, implant-only, and DIEP-only breast reconstruction from 2019 to 2023 at a single institution. Demographics and complication rates were compared between groups.

Results A total of 145 patients were included in the DIEP + I (N = 26), implant-only (N = 59), and DIEP-only (N = 60) groups. The DIEP + I group had a lower overall complication rate than implant-only reconstruction (18.4 vs. 41.1%, p = 0.014), which was primarily due to the lower incidence of infections in the DIEP + I group (2.6 vs. 22.2%, p = 0.006). Accordingly, DIEP + I reconstruction decreased the odds of infection by 90% (OR = 0.095, p = 0.024) compared with implant-only reconstruction. The DIEP + I group had similar rates of wound healing and implant-related complications compared with the implant-only and DIEP-only groups, and no patients in the DIEP + I group experienced flap loss.

Conclusion DIEP + I breast reconstruction had a lower rate of infectious complications than implant-only reconstruction, and no higher rate of flap compromise or wound healing complications. This technique could be considered as a means of minimizing infection risk in patients with other risk factors who are seeking implant-based reconstruction, and of enhancing breast projection in patients who are seeking DIEP flap reconstruction.
Individual and County-Level Factors Associated with Severe Maternal Morbidity at Delivery: An Investigation of a Privately Insured Population in the United States, 2008 to 2018
Authors: Matas Jennifer L. , Mitchell Laura E. , Salemi Jason L. , Bauer Cici X. , Ganduglia Cazaban Cecilia
Published: November 2024

Objective Few studies have explored the impact of county-level variables on severe maternal morbidity (SMM) subtypes. To address this gap, this study used a large commercial database to examine the associations between individual- and county-level factors and SMM.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study used data from the Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database from 2008 to 2018. The primary outcomes of this study were any SMM, nontransfusion SMM, and nine specific SMM subtypes. Temporal trends in the prevalence of SMM and SMM subtypes were assessed using Joinpoint Regression. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of individual- and county-level factors with SMM.

Results Between 2008 and 2018, there was not a significant change in the prevalence of any SMM (annual percent change [APC]: −0.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.2, 0.5). Significant increases in prevalence were identified for three SMM subtypes: other obstetric (OB) SMM (APC: 10.3, 95% CI: 0.1, 21.5) from 2013 to 2018, renal SMM (APC: 8.5, 95% CI: 5.5, 11.6) from 2008 to 2018, and sepsis (APC: 23.0, 95% CI: 6.5, 42.1) from 2014 to 2018. Multilevel logistic regression models revealed variability in individual and county risk factors across different SMM subtypes. Adolescent mothers (odds ratio [OR]: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.29, 3.40) and women in the 40 to 55 (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.51) age group were found to be at significant risk of other OB SMM and renal SMM, respectively. For every increase in rank within a county's socioeconomic social vulnerability index (SVI), the risk of respiratory SMM increased 2.8-fold, whereas an increase in rank in the racial/ethnic minority SVI was associated with a 1.6-fold elevated risk of blood transfusion.

Conclusion This study underscores the complex association between individual and county factors associated with SMM, emphasizing the need for multifaced approaches to improve maternal care.

Key Points
The Plasma Proteome and Risk of Future Venous Thromboembolism—Results from the HUNT Study
Authors: Brækkan Sigrid K. , Onsaker Asbjørn L. , Nøst Therese H. , Tang Weihong , Hindberg Kristian D. , Morelli Vania M. , Guan Weihua , Jonasson Christian , Folsom Aaron R. , Hveem Kristian , Hansen John-Bjarne
Published: November 2024

Background This study aimed to identify novel plasma proteins associated with first-lifetime venous thromboembolism (VTE) and molecular pathways involved in VTE pathogenesis.

Methods A case–cohort comprising incident VTE cases (n = 294) and a randomly sampled age- and sex-weighted subcohort (n = 1,066) was derived from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3, n = 50,800). Blood samples were collected and stored at cohort inclusion (2006–2008), and participants were followed up to 5 years. Proteome-wide analyses was performed using the 7k SomaScan® proteomics platform, and weighted Cox-regression models adjusted for age, sex, and sample batch were conducted, with the Bonferroni method applied to account for multiple testing. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were applied on the top-ranked 200 proteins associated with VTE.

Results Out of 7,288 human proteins, 7 proteins were significantly associated with higher VTE risk with p-value <6.9 × 10−6 (hazard ratios per 1 standard deviation increase in protein levels ranging from 1.39 to 1.86). Except for coagulation factor VIII and tumor necrosis factor soluble receptor II, these proteins were novel associations and included collagen alpha-3(VI):BPTI/Kunitz inhibitor, histo-blood group ABO system transferase, peroxidasin, human epididymis protein 4, and regulator of G protein signaling 3. KEGG analyses of the top-ranked 200 proteins revealed significant pathway enrichment of nine proteins in the complement (mainly lectin pathway) and coagulation (mainly intrinsic pathway) cascades.

Conclusion Our proteome-wide analysis led to discovery of five novel protein candidates associated with 5-year risk of future VTE. KEGG analyses supported an interplay between the complement and coagulation pathways in the pathogenesis of VTE.
One-Pot Three-Component Access to Furan and Thiophene Derivatives
Authors: Chen Zhihua , Wang Teng , Yu Xinhong , Bao Ruipeng , Wang Yao , Lin Xinbo , Tan Jinglin
Published: November 2024

The furan and thiophene skeleton structures are widely present in natural products and synthetic drugs, and display multiple bioactivities. An effective one-pot three-component reaction to access furan and thiophene derivatives from 2-bromo-5-(dichloromethyl)furan or -thiophene; cyanoacetate esters, cyanoacetamides, or malononitrile; and aliphatic secondary amines has been developed. The multicomponent reaction for the construction of new C–N and C–C bonds in one pot is simple, mild, and efficient, and the yield of the target product is as high as 96%.
Splenic Artery Embolization for Post-Liver Transplant Ascites
Authors: D'Amico Giuseppe , Del Prete Luca , Diago Teresa , Partovi Sasan , Gadani Sameer , Quintini Cristiano
Published: November 2024

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the treatment of choice for end-stage liver disease. However, OLT may be associated with certain postoperative management challenges. Though refractory ascites (RA) is not a common complication post-OLT, it can have a significant impact on patient outcomes and quality of life. RA post-OLT can be caused by portal hyperperfusion. In this article, a systematic review of the literature was pursued to analyze the effectiveness of splenic artery embolization (SAE) with RA after OLT. Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from inception to March 2024. Studies reporting on patients treated with SAE for the management of RA following OLT, from inception to March 2024, were included. Morbidity, mortality, and clinical resolution were synthesized through a narrative review. A total of eight articles were identified, including 80 patients. In the majority of the patients, the SAE was performed using a vascular plug. After SAE, no cases associated with mortality were reported. Severe complications (Clavien III) occurred in 2.5% (n = 2) of patients. The success rate, with clinical resolution of symptomatology (ascites), ranged in these articles between 97 and 100%. The approach to the management of RA post-OLT should focus on identifying the underlying cause. If the RA is associated with portal hyperperfusion, it can be managed with SAE. Particularly proximal SAE seems to be highly effective for the resolution of ascites and the procedure is associated with a low complication rate.
Biliary Complications after Liver Transplant: Timeline, Spectrum, Management Algorithm, and Prevention
Authors: Roy Akash , Goenka Mahesh Kumar
Published: November 2024

Biliary complications are the most common complications seen after liver transplantation (LT) with an incidence ranging between 10 and 15% and increasing in the setting of increased access to living donor liver transplant and utilization of marginal grafts. Among the biliary complications, the most common are anastomotic strictures, nonanastomotic strictures, and biliary leaks, which have a variable time of presentation posttransplant. The risk factors for the development of biliary complications include surgical techniques, type of grafts, prolonged ischemia, primary disease etiology, and associated post-LT complications. The approach to a diagnosis in an appropriate clinical setting involves a stepwise approach involving clinical history, assessment of risk factors, biochemical abnormalities, and appropriate imaging. Therapeutic options revolve around endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, with surgical intervention being reserved in case of failure of these modalities. Preventive strategies with machine perfusion techniques are promising, while use of T-tubes for prevention of complications remains controversial.
Technology for monitoring the surface emission inhomogeneity in plasma electronics devices
Authors: Mustafaev A. S. , Grabovskiy A. Y. , Sukhomlinov V. S. , Shtoda E. V.
Published: November 2024

The article discusses a theoretical and experimental investigation of the reflection of slow electrons from the surfaces of single-crystal and polycrystalline tungsten thermionic cathodes. The findings challenge traditional ideas as they confirm that the effective reflection coefficient, reff, can reach values close to unity contrary to prior belief. The reason for this occurrence has been established, which is the additional reflection of slow electrons from a potential barrier near polycrystalline surfaces. A method has been developed to separately measure electron reflection coefficients at the surfaces of thermionic cathodes and at the potential barrier of electrode spot fields with different work functions. The study reveals that the maximum values of reff are achieved on polycrystalline surfaces. Additionally, the work functions and reflection coefficients rhkl have been determined for the faces of single crystals of (110), (112), (100), (111), and (116) oriented tungsten. The proposed method enables control over cathode emission inhomogeneity and makes it possible to mitigate the negative effects of secondary electron emission by suppressing electric fields near the cathode surface.
When can flexible weak polyelectrolytes be treated as effective rigid objects?
Authors: Orradre Javier , Blanco Pablo M. , Madurga Sergio , Mas Francesc , Garcés Josep Lluís
Published: November 2024

Conformational and ionization equilibria of flexible weak polyelectrolytes (PEs) are, in general, strongly coupled. In this article, we analyze the effect of averaging over (or “contracting”) the conformational degrees of freedom so that the original flexible molecule is replaced by an effective rigid object with the same ionization properties. As a result, one obtains the so-called Site Binding (SB) model, much easier to treat both theoretically and computationally, and extensively used to characterize the ionization properties of PE. The conformational averages can be performed in a systematic way by means of the Conformational Contraction Equations (CCEs), which relate the SB parameters to the underlying conformational equilibrium. The conditions for the convergence of the CCE are evaluated in the presence of both Short Range (SR) and Long Range (LR) electrostatic interactions. Two analytically solvable models based on the Freely Jointed Chain (FJC), involving only SR interactions, are analyzed at first. Despite the large chain flexibility, the resulting SB model reproduces the ionization properties with high accuracy. In the case of independent bonds, a very flexible chain can be exactly replaced by an effective rigid object with neighboring pairwise interactions. In general, however, triplet and higher order interactions emerge at the SB level. When LR electrostatic interactions are introduced and combined with the FJC large chain flexibility, the convergence of the CCE for long chains becomes problematic since the SB free energy must be truncated. Similar conclusions are reached for the freely rotating chain and rotational isomeric state models.
Vortex core eccentricity and passive control for separation performance enhancement of a novel circumfluent cyclone separator
Authors: Dong Jipeng , Zong Fang , Kang Jianfei , Gao Fei , Chen Guanghui , Zhang Pan
Published: November 2024

We have proposed a circumfluent cyclone separator (CCS) that features a concentric internal cylinder and a gas–solid inlet located at the bottom of the separator shell, as opposed to the conventional cyclone design with the inlet at the upper part. The objective of this study is to investigate the eccentricity of the vortex core within CCSs, its impact on separation performance, and to propose a vortex control method for enhancement of separation efficiency. Our research findings indicate that the eccentricity of the vortex core varies with the vertical position, with the maximum eccentricity observed at the bottom of the cone. Increasing the inlet gas velocity (Uin) results in an elongation of the vortex length and a decrease in the eccentricity of the vortex core. These observations suggest that a high level of vortex core eccentricity negatively affects the separation performance of the CCS. To address this issue, we propose a passive control method to reduce vortex oscillations and enhance collection efficiency. By incorporating a central tube within the CCS, we effectively reduce the eccentricity of the vortex core and alter the characteristics of the power spectral density plot of the instantaneous velocity. Importantly, the addition of a 4–5 mm diameter tube enables the CCS to achieve similar separation efficiency for small particles at a Uin of 18 m/s, compared to the CCS without a central tube operating at a Uin of 24 m/s. Furthermore, the central tube configuration reduces the associated pressure drop by 50%. These findings highlight the effectiveness of vortex control mechanisms in enhancing the separation performance of CCS and other cyclone designs.
Low-temperature transport and relaxation of photo-carriers in TiS2
Authors: Zhang Ruan , Zhu Shuangxing , Wang Chaofan , Wu Jiaxin , Mei Junning , Liu Ying , Chen Yu , Wu Qiyi , Zhang Chen , Huang Mingyuan , Meng Jianqiao , Cai Xinghan
Published: November 2024

The investigation of non-equilibrium carrier dynamics in two-dimensional semi-metallic materials, particularly at low temperatures, is crucial for elucidating their fundamental properties, including carrier–carrier interactions and electron–phonon scattering mechanisms. In this study, we examine the behavior of 1T-TiS2, utilizing scanning photocurrent microscopy, bias voltage-adjustable photoresponse measurements, and pump-probe techniques to explore the temperature-dependent transport and relaxation of photo-excited charge carriers. We observe a non-monotonic intrinsic photocurrent in the biased device, with a pronounced peak feature occurring at approximately 25 K, which is corroborated by pump-probe measurements that reveal a similar peak in the magnitude and relaxation time of the differential reflectance as a function of the temperature. Our results highlight the unique carrier dynamics in TiS2, offering valuable insights for the design of TiS2-based optoelectronic devices that can operate effectively across a wide temperature range.
Experiment and modeling investigation of irregular block descent into water
Authors: Liu Guang , Gu Xudong , Jia Yun , Liu Wu , Peng Jun , Yao Huayan
Published: November 2024

The underwater motion of freely falling irregular blocks is a critical factor in various applications, including damming large rivers, sealing levee breaches, and embankment construction. This study first investigates the motion patterns of blocks with various shapes sinking in water through a series of experimental tests. To quantitatively describe the underwater motion characteristics of irregular blocks, a new motion model based on the concept of equivalent spheres is proposed. The coupled particle flow code – computational fluid dynamics (PFC-CFD) method is employed to simulate the movement of cubic, pyramidal, and cylindrical blocks at various flow speeds and dropping heights. The parameters of the proposed model are calibrated and validated through numerical simulations. The predicted trajectories of the model show good agreement with the coupled PFC-CFD simulation data and the indoor drop test results, demonstrating the reliability and accuracy of the model. This proposed model, being computationally simple and utilizing readily available parameters, provides valuable insights for designing underwater dumping construction plans and related projects.
Thermal boundary conductance of artificially and systematically designed grain boundaries of Silicon measured by laser heterodyne photothermal displacement method
Authors: Harada T. , Kutsukake K. , Usami N. , Ikari T. , Fukuyama A.
Published: November 2024

The overall physical properties of polycrystalline materials vary depending on the microscopic individual grain boundary (GB) properties and their structures. Unlike previous studies that only examined the structure and properties of a specific GB, this study focuses on understanding the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) through artificial and systematic changes in the GB structures. This is achieved by combining an advanced technique to map local thermal expansion displacement using the laser heterodyne photothermal displacement method and a unique crystal growth method that induces spontaneous changes in the GB structures. As a result, we could quantify the TBC of the GB in silicon, considering the changes in three structural parameters of GB: azimuthal misorientation (α), asymmetry angle (β), and deviation angle (θ) from the growth direction. Our findings reveal that the TBC increases with increasing θ, whereas parameters α and β have negligible effects. The underlying physics of this relationship is discussed in terms of local carrier concentration and impurity segregation. These results demonstrate the crucial role of the GB structures in influencing the local TBC, shedding light on potential avenues for enhancing the macroscopic properties of polycrystalline materials by engineering GBs.