bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis on the Future Usage of Metaverse in the Marketing Event Industry in India
Authors: Sahdev Supriya Lamba , Krishnan Chitra , Durans Amilson , Hassan Ahdi , Thakur Jugnu
Published: August 2024

The term metaverse has recently attracted much attention and is being widely discussed in various industries around the world, including marketing and events. This research explores future possibilities of the metaverse in the context of the Indian marketing event industry through an ISM analysis. Consequently, the metaverse – an environment that contains interactive digital objects and persons – presents new opportunities for improving the effectiveness of marketing events in terms of interest, accessibility and innovation. Thus, the use of ISM in the context of this research allows to determine the most critical enablers and restraints for the adoption of the metaverse in Indian marketing events. The chapter provides clear tactical implications for using metaverse technologies to enhance traditional formats of events, interact with the audience, and adapt marketing and communication solutions to the Indian market.
Hybridized Tourism Education in Hard Times
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel
Published: August 2024

The present book chapter discusses to what extent hybridized education can be potentiated in the new normal. PANCOE acts to change negative emotions into joy through gamification. Students were subject to looking at pictures containing islands, beaches, and paradisiacal landscapes. The authors denote the term imagined landscape to create a climate of well-being. The present book chapter reflected on the experience of PANCOE, an experiment conducted by the Joy Labs (University of Palermo, Argentina). The aims of this study were twofold. On one hand, it devotes efforts to introduce pleasure to reduce the current academic dropout rates. On another, it looks to standardise academic performance in low-graded or deprived students. Participants –in PANCOE- came from a neighbouring country and lived far away from their friends and families.
Virtual Laboratories in the Teaching and Learning Paradigm
Authors: Lyngdoh Dalamchwami Chen , Dakua Sarada Prasad , Mourya Gajendra Kumar
Published: August 2024

Laboratories are a fundamental aspect of any academic learning that enables students to better understand the theoretical concepts of any academic course. Science, engineering, and medical fields are the main areas of study that heavily depend on laboratories for demonstrating the practicality of any theory. However, circumstances may arise where students face challenges in performing practicals due to insufficient materials, equipment, or the inaccessibility of the laboratory itself. To counter this challenge, various organizations and institutions have come forward to develop ‘Virtual Laboratories' or ‘Virtual Labs'. Virtual laboratories are platforms where the user can engage in practical sessions without the need to be present in person. The user can log in anywhere, even remotely, and be able to gain access to the same setting as in a traditional hands-on laboratory, albeit virtually. This chapter will detail virtual labs, what they are all about, and the effectiveness of virtual labs in comparison to traditional labs.
The Intervention of New Technology in Traditional Teaching-Learning Process Through Blended Learning Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Modi Ravi Kant , Chopra Aarti
Published: August 2024

An instructional strategy called blended learning mixes virtual or digital components with in-person instruction. The use of computers and other connected devices in the classroom helps students get ready for success in the real world because they are essential for modern business and communication. In blended learning settings, students not only become proficient in the subject matter they are studying, but they also develop advanced technological skills. In the classroom, blended learning has its uses and benefits. This method provides a solid foundation for tying theory and practice together during the teaching process. The methodical blending of online and in-person instruction is known as blended or hybrid learning. The intentional blending of online and in-person components is essential in a blended learning environment. This research study identifies the variables influencing blended learning by conducting an extensive literature review. The literature review aids in the provision of a theoretical framework for this investigation.
Navigating the Data-Driven Future of Virtual and Hybrid Events
Authors: Semwal Rajeev , Tyagi Pankaj Kumar , Tripathi Nandita , Pandey Udit Kumar
Published: August 2024

Data analytics is transforming virtual and hybrid event planning with quantifiable goals, real-time analytics, and many data sources. Modern technologies like emotional analytics, AI-driven predictive analytics, quantum computing, and others boost customization, engagement, and event immersion. Extended reality (XR) analytics, edge AI, and hyper-personalization provide unmatched participant experiences. An analytical attitude, coordinated leadership, and extensive team training are necessary. Participants' privacy is protected by data security and ethics. Data analytics affects decision-making, customization, innovation, and technology adoption, making virtual and hybrid events more engaging. It signals a shift toward a flexible, life-changing event experience in the data-driven future.
Collaborating Academia, Industry, and Government
Authors: Bhatia Raino , Kaur Jagneet
Published: August 2024

The educational industry is changing due to social needs, technology integration in every field, socio-economic dynamics, and most significantly, educational methods. The groundbreaking adventure uses an integrated method to challenge educational hypotheses, encourage student participation, and equip students for an extensive and interconnected world. India should prioritize inventions and research in academia and industry with the absolute support from government and private agencies. Innovative technology fosters dynamic pedagogy that has replaced the traditionally so-called lecture method with innovative pedagogies to thrive and flourish in the industry-driven society. In the economic climate of today, it is crucial to build a productive partnership among business and academia. The study uses exploratory research. Secondary data were analyzed using content analysis. The final outcome of this chapter is to develop the value of sharing, caring, and giving back to the society by connecting education, industry, and society.
Enhancing Workforce Competencies
Authors: Shukla Vandana , Holani Umesh , Mathur Garima
Published: August 2024

Changes in work environments and conditions have sparked new study areas that can provide understanding for the implementation of organizational interventions targeted at promoting and maintaining healthy and productive workplaces. Presenteeism is a phenomenon that can potentially pose significant problems to businesses. It has been discovered that the negative consequences are far worse than absenteeism. This study looks at the harmful effects of workaholism and job demand on presenteeism in the workplace. The data has been collected from 200 executive employees of manufacturing units in the Gwalior region. This study has crucial implications for researchers and practitioners, and it emphasizes the importance of the attribute in dealing with presenteeism, which could improve employee productivity. This research could help management figure out what steps they can take to overcome executive presenteeism.
Educational Innovation in the Information Age
Authors: Mrabet Jihene , Studholme Robert , Thompson Natoya
Published: August 2024

AI tutoring is gaining importance in education due to remote and hybrid learning, where teachers may not provide the same level of individualized support. AI tutoring can fill this gap by providing tailored learning experiences, identifying areas of struggle, and providing targeted support. An exploratory research study investigated the effectiveness of AI tutoring in improving essay writing quality and regulating anxiety levels among university students. The experiment involved using ChatGPT as an English essay evaluator and suggestion provider and measuring students' anxiety levels pre- and post-AI usage. Results showed significant improvement in essay writing and anxiety management, but some students expressed skepticism about AI grading proficiency.
Smart Cities
Authors: Kaur Taran , Malik Firdous Ahmad , Walia Ivneet Kaur
Published: August 2024

To provide people with a high-quality living, smart cities are modern urban conceptions. To achieve clever and sustainable practices, different technologies are conceptually grouped to form smart cities. As embodied by the four pillars of comprehensive development—institutional, physical, social, and economic infrastructure—urban planners' ultimate goal is to build the entire urban environment. The findings suggested various methods such as redevelopment, retrofitting, megaprojects, greenfield development, and unique projects for area-based development for projects having more than 500, 50, and 250 acres. Moreover, the pan development proposal is for the whole of the city by involving smart solutions to improve the infrastructure in cities. This study examines the various approaches towards smart cities in India. In addition to them, the current state and difficulties surrounding smart cities in India are also covered.
Application of Sponge City Ecological Landscape Design in Residential District
Authors: Ma Xinhui
Published: August 2024

In response to the escalating challenges posed by rapid urbanization, this article conducts a comprehensive exploration of innovative models for urban water management. Through a comparative analysis, we delve into the principles, methodologies, and potential outcomes of three prominent models: the Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), Water-Sensitive City Model (WSUD), and Depression-Infiltration Canal System Model. Each model offers a unique perspective on addressing urban water challenges, emphasizing sustainability, adaptability, and environmental protection. The SUDS model emphasizes replicating natural ecological drainage systems to mitigate urban waterlogging, enhance water quality, and promote sustainable water management practices. Incorporating green infrastructure, natural ecological restoration, and community participation, the WSUD model integrates various aspects of water management to achieve effective utilization and recycling of water resources while enhancing urban resilience. This paper is helpful to promote a more sustainable and flexible future.
Research on the Implementation of Financial Risk Control Models and Algorithms Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Fan Hanwei , Alenezi Mamdouh
Published: August 2024

Nowadays, machine learning has been rapidly applied to the financial services industry. With the applications of machine learning, it will bring challenges to the stable development of the financial industry. This paper studies the user behavior analysis algorithm based on operator big data, and provides financial risk control mechanism for financial enterprises. Taking finance as the data collection object, in the user behavior prediction algorithm, the experiment uses the spectral clustering algorithm to cluster the non-convex data samples, and converts the samples to the Laplacian feature space. It not only reduces the dimension, but also clusters the data, and obtains the global optimal solution. The proposed algorithm is analyzed experimentally, and the tool prototype is realized. The developed gadgets have also been applied in enterprises. The research provides a method for the construction of a risk control model in the financial industry, thereby helping financial enterprises to better control the risk of lending. This paper also provides reference for the performance improvement of the model.
The Role of Transformer-cGANs Fusion in Digital Marketing
Authors: Song Chunlai
Published: August 2024

Advertising images play a key role in digital marketing and are an indispensable tool to attract users, convey messages and promote products. However, current advertising image generation faces many challenges, including insufficient image quality and diversity, and high production costs. In this context, the rise of deep learning technology provides a powerful tool to solve these problems. Deep learning is increasingly used in the field of computer vision, bringing new hope for advertising image generation. This article introduces an innovative Transformer-cGANs model that combines the sequence modeling capabilities of Transformer with the image generation technology of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). This model shows excellent performance in advertising image generation tasks in digital marketing. Through extensive experimental verification, our model successfully overcomes the insufficient image quality and diversity issues present in traditional methods.
Diversity of Body Donations and Willed Donor Applications in a Newly Established Medical Faculty in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wickramarathna E. A. A. M. , Shehara P. A. D. , Chandimal K. M.
Published: August 2024

Objective: Body donations to the medical faculties in Sri Lanka play a critical role in medical education and research. The success of body donation programs depends on the diversity of donors. Assessing donor diversity is crucial to meeting the educational needs of students and researchers. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the demographic profiles and diversity of donors and willed donors registered at a newly established Faculty of Medicine (FOM), Wayamba University of Sri Lanka (WUSL) located in Kuliyapitiya, Northwestern Province (NWP).Methods: A retrospective analysis of the body donation registry and willed donor applications received to the Department of Anatomy, FOM, WUSL from the year 2019 to 2024 was conducted.Results: A total of 35 adult body donations, one foetal body donation, and 183 complete willed donor applications were received. The highest number of body donations (38.88%, n=14) and willed donor applications (n=117,63.93%) have been received in the year 2023. Based on this study, the typical donor was likely to be a 52-year-old, Sinhalese male lived in NWP. The typical willing donor was likely to be a Sinhalese, female living in the NWP.Conclusion: Although a good number of body donations and applications have been received, a lack of ethnic diversity in the donations was observed despite the population-based ethnic diversity of the country and the NWP.
Anatomy of Inferior Mesenteric artery: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Abeysuriya V. , Hewawardhane S.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: A comprehensive knowledge of the varied anatomy of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) can be important in surgeries in the region of the colon and rectum.Methods: We analyzed 50 fresh cadavers in the department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Ragama from 2022 to 2024. Latarjet’s classification was used for the IMA branching pattern. The anatomical relationships of the IMA left colic artery (LCA), sigmoidal artery (SA), and superior rectal artery (SRA) were observed, and the length from the origin of the IMA to the point of branching into the LCA or common trunk of LCA and SA was measured. The relationship between LCA and inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) was also observed. The data was presented as the value / percentage.Results: Majority showed Type A branching pattern 35/50 (70%). The respective lengths from the origin of the IMA to the beginning of LCA were measured and expressed as (mm) (mean ± SD) for each type; Type A 33.4 ± 4.7, Type B 36.5 ± 5.4, Type C 39.2 ± 8.6. The number of LCA under IMV in type A (51%); type B (54%); type C (62%) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the three types.Conclusion: Our study showed that type A branching pattern of LCA was the commonest. It is also observed that almost similar incidence of LCA traversing above and beneath the IMV.
A Rare Representation of Kidney Vasculature – Cadaveric Case Report
Authors: Sally M. H. , Perera O. S. M. , Kaluarachchi K. D. C. , Wangmo J. , Epadunumalage S. , Yedsel S. K. , Gunathilaka V. D. , Abeykoon A. I , Fernando H. L. L. K.
Published: August 2024

Understanding the nuances of renal vascular anatomy is paramount in the context of retroperitoneal surgeries and kidney transplant procedures. This case report describes the unique vascular variations observed in the right kidney of an adult male cadaver during dissection. The right kidney was supplied by three renal arteries: two through the hilum and an extra hilar superior polar branch, and one through the lower pole. Three renal veins emerged independently from the hilum, each opening separately into the inferior vena cava. Two of these veins emerged anterior to the renal pelvis, while the third emerged posterior to it. Notably, two veins terminated into the lateral aspect of the inferior vena cava, while one terminated into its posterior aspect.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage as the First Manifestation of Pheochromocytoma with Remission of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Postsurgery
Authors: Sharma Ankur , Bhalekar Prashant , Jain Sudeep , Halgaonkar Priyesh , Bhake Ragini
Published: August 2024

Pheochromocytoma, a rare but life-threatening etiology of secondary hypertension, must be considered in patients with unexplained deterioration of glycemic control and new onset or worsening hypertension. We present the case of a 52-year-old female recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a history of hypertension and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), who reported intermittent headaches and palpitations at a routine checkup. Further evaluation confirmed elevated levels of urinary and plasma metanephrines, and imaging revealed a mass lesion in the right adrenal gland consistent with pheochromocytoma. The patient underwent laparoscopic right adrenalectomy with successful resolution of hypertension and diabetes. This case underscores considering pheochromocytoma as a differential in cases of hypertensive emergency or resistant hypertension, highlighting the potential for remission of hypertension and T2DM following tumor removal.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Intensive Care Unit Patients with Diabetes: Insights and Outcomes from a Single-center Study in India
Authors: Jain Sudeep , Bhalekar Prashant , Sharma Ankur , Sarkar Nikita , Kamthe Pooja , Bhake Ragini , Purandare Vedavati B. , Tiwari Shalbha , Unnikrishnan Ambika G.
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for in-hospital glucose control has been widely studied. However, its application in intensive care unit (ICU) settings is debatable owing to its perceived limitations. In ICU patients with diabetes, glycemic excursions, including frequent hypoglycemic episodes, are more prevalent. This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of CGM in the management of diabetes patients admitted to the ICU.

Methods:

We collected data of patients with diabetes mellitus who were admitted to the ICU at our institution and were advised CGM by the intensivist. A retrospective analysis was conducted, examining demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, along with glucose meter readings and CGM data. The results are presented as numbers, percentages, or median values, as appropriate.

Results:

Out of 65 patients in the ICU, the median values of percentage time in range, time below range, and time above range were 59%, 2%, and 36%, respectively. The median HbA1C and capillary glucose on admission were 8.8% and 246 mg/dl, respectively. During the ICU stay, the CGM derived average glucose level was 167 mg/dl (percent coefficient of variation [%CV] =25.96) and the glucose management indicator was 7%. In total, 65 episodes of hypoglycemia were detected, all confirmed by capillary glucose tests. A total of 27 patients experienced hypoglycemia, of which 12 had nocturnal hypoglycemia.

Conclusion:

The use of CGM in the ICU improved glycemic control and helped to detect hypoglycemia, particularly nocturnal with acceptably low glycemic variability as measured by percentage CV. Further studies are required to corroborate and confirm these findings.
Interference with Histone Deacetylase 4 Regulates c-Jun N-terminal Kinase/Activating Protein-1 Signaling to Ameliorate Sepsis-induced Alveolar Epithelial Cell Injury
Authors: Chen Qunyan , Lao Jiachang
Published: August 2024

Sepsis is a syndrome of systemic inflammatory response resulting from infection, which can lead to severe lung injury. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is a key protein known to regulate a wide range of cellular processes. This study was designed to investigate the role of HDAC4 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced alveolar epithelial cell injury as well as to disclose its potential molecular mechanisms. The alveolar epithelial cell injury model was established by inducing A549 cells with LPS. A549 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 assay and the transfection efficiency of small interfering RNA targeting HDAC4 was appraised utilizing Western blot. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were detected using corresponding assay kits. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay was used for the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Flow cytometry, 5,5’,6,6’-tetrachloro-1,1’,3,3’-tetraethyl-benzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide-1 staining, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay kits, and MitoSOX Red assay kits were employed to estimate cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP level, and mitochondrial ROS level, respectively. The oxygen consumption rate of A549 cells was evaluated with XF96 extracellular flux analyzer. Western blot was applied for the evaluation of HDAC4, apoptosis- and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/activating protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathway-related proteins. HDAC4 expression was found to be increased in LPS-induced A549 cells and HDAC4 silence inhibited inflammatory damage, repressed oxidative stress, alleviated cell apoptosis, improved mitochondrial function, and blocked JNK/AP-1 signaling in A549 cells stimulated by LPS, which were all reversed by JNK activator anisomycin. Collectively, the interference with HDAC4 could ameliorate LPS-induced alveolar epithelial cell injury, and such protective effect may be potentially mediated through the JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway.
Dermoscopic Features of Dermatitis Cruris Pustulosa et Atrophicans: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Couppoussamy Kanmani Indra , Devanda Rajendra
Published: August 2024

Background:

Dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans (DCPA) is a chronic superficial folliculitis that can cause scarring alopecia if left untreated. Hardly any studies are there describing the dermoscopic features of DCPA. Dermoscopy can be a useful tool for diagnosing DCPA in addition to clinical and histopathological features and for differentiating other conditions like superficial folliculitis, folliculitis decalvans, and pseudofolliculitis.

Aims/Objectives:

The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the dermoscopic features of 30 patients with DCPA at a tertiary care center in South India.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study of clinical and biopsy-proven cases of DCPA at a tertiary care center in South India.

Results:

Thirty patients of DCPA of skin phototype IV or V were studied. Male preponderance of DCPA was noted in our study. Lower extremities 28 (93.3%) and upper extremities 2 (6.7%) were the common sites of involvement. The most common findings noted in dermoscopy were follicular-based pustules in 30 (100%) patients, follicular white structureless area in 16 (53.3%), perifollicular collarette of scales in 12 (40%), diffuse background dotted blood vessels in 12 (40%), and the absence of follicular orifices in 12 (40%). Other findings were yellow or hemorrhagic scales, perifollicular linear white lines, broken hair, and perifollicular dotted blood vessels. Pigmentary patterns observed were dark brown pigmentation, blue–grey globules, blue–grey dots, and accentuation of the pigmentary network.

Limitations:

The limitations of the study were the retrospective nature of the study, the small sample size, and the lack of a comparison group.

Conclusion:

The predominant dermoscopic features observed in our patients were follicular-based pustules, follicular white structureless areas, perifollicular collarette of scales, diffuse background dotted blood vessels, and the absence of follicular orifices. Vascular and pigmentary patterns were less commonly noted.
Vaccination in Diabetes: Updated Guidelines for 2024
Authors: Kesavadev Jothydev , Misra Anoop , Das Ashok Kumar , Saboo Banshi , Basu Debasis , Thomas Nihal , Joshi Shashank R. , Unnikrishnan A. G. , Shankar Arun , Krishnan Gopika , Unnikrishnan Ranjit , Mohan Viswanathan , Nambiar Anita
Published: August 2024

Diabetes presents a significant public health challenge globally, with India emerging as a hotspot for the disease burden. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas 2021 highlights India with 1 in 7 adults affected with diabetes. Given the heightened susceptibility of individuals with diabetes to vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccination has become indispensable in comprehensive diabetes management. Major vaccines against influenza, pneumonia, hepatitis, shingles, varicella, tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis infections are important for individuals living with diabetes. Despite strides in pediatric vaccination coverage through initiatives like the Universal Immunization Program (UIP), adult vaccination rates remain suboptimal in India. Vaccine hesitancy, compounded by factors such as inadequate education, affordability concerns, and accessibility issues, disproportionately affects this population. Even though there are multiple organizations recommending vaccination in adults, guidelines specific to the Indian population with diabetes are still lacking. This paper is an attempt to suggest the use of vaccines for people with diabetes in India. By advocating for increased awareness and accessibility to vaccines, healthcare providers can play a pivotal role in safeguarding the health of this vulnerable population. As the global community continues to combat diabetes and vaccine hesitancy, collaborative efforts are essential to ensure equitable access to life-saving vaccines and promote optimal health outcomes. This review examines the evolving landscape of vaccination in India, particularly focusing on adults with diabetes.
The prevalence of erythrocyte alloimmunization in clinical practice: A hospital-based study
Authors: Faisal Inas Bashar , Abbas Mohammed Saleem , Thabit Zahraa Akram , Aljebouri Dhargam Muhamed , Almusawi Yakoob Abdulwahid
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

One of the complications of blood transfusion is the development of red cell alloimmunization. Little published literature on the prevalence and actual significance of red cell alloantibodies among nonregularly transfused patients and the general population.

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to estimate red cell alloantibodies’ prevalence, specificity, and clinical significance in obstetric and medical practice in Iraq.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional hospital-based study involving internal medicine patients and ladies in obstetric wards of Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Baghdad/Iraq, from January 2022 to May 2022. Demographic data were collected along with detailed medical, obstetric, and transfusion history. Alloantibody screening was performed, and samples with positive results were subjected to antibody titration and identification.

RESULTS:

A total of 200 patients were enrolled. Indirect antiglobulin test was positive in 15% of patients in internal medicine wards and 23% of ladies in obstetric wards, with most of the identified alloantibodies being clinically significant, against Kidd and Duffy antigen groups. Blood transfusion of more than four units to patients at internal medical wards showed a significant association as a risk for developing red cell alloantibodies (P = 0.025). For ladies in obstetric wards, there was a significant association between pregnancy loss at the time of screening and alloimmunization (P = 0.0164).

CONCLUSION:

High prevalence of red cell alloantibodies in comparison to what is published worldwide. Transfusion of more than four units of blood and pregnancy loss at the time of screening were statistically significant risks for alloimmunization of the medical and obstetric populations, respectively.
Anti-phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) as a proliferation marker to assess mitotic activity and to grade neuroendocrine neoplasms of hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) system
Authors: Santhanam A Prisca , Joel Anjana , Paul Anoop , Zachariah Uday G. , Rebekah Grace J. , Kodiatte Thomas A.
Published: August 2024

Background:

The world health organization (WHO) classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs, i.e. neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs)) of the gastrointestinal system involves grading of these tumors by mitotic count (i.e. H and E mitotic index or Haematoxylin and Eosin mitotic index [HE-MI] and Mindbomb E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 labelling index (MIB1-LI) into Grade 1 (G1), Grade 2 (G2), or Grade 3 (G3). However, the assessment of HE-MI and MIB1-LI is hindered by several factors that contribute to discordance between these two grading methods. Clinical data demonstrate the dependency of prognosis on grade.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to compare the grading of NENs of the hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) system using Anti-phosphohistone H3 mitotic index (i.e. PHH3-MI), HE-MI and MIB1-LI.

Materials and Methods:

In a cohort of 140 NENs selected from January 2011 to August 2019, the concordance and correlation between HE-MI, MIB1-LI and PHH3-MI grading methods were analysed using Cohen’s weighted kappa (
κ
) statistics and Spearman’s correlation (ρ), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and cut-off analyses were done to determine optimal PHH3-MI cut-off values to grade NENs.

Results:

The rates of discordance between HE-MI vs. MIB1-LI, PHH3-MI vs. MIB1-LI and PHH3-MI vs. HE-MI were 52% (
κ
=0.416), 29% (
κ
=0.64) and 41% (
κ
=0.508), respectively. There was a significant correlation between the grading methods. PHH3-MI had good overall sensitivity and specificity at cut-offs 2 and 17 in distinguishing between G1 vs. G2, and G2 vs. G3 tumors, respectively.

Conclusion:

PHH3 immunolabeling allowed for quick and easy identification of mitotic figures (MF). It had the highest concordance with MIB1-LI. At cut-off values of 2 and 17, there was good overall sensitivity and specificity. The interobserver agreement was excellent.
Adrenal bronchial cyst: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Hu Renguang , You Xiangyun , Xiang Zhendong , Yu Junfeng
Published: August 2024

Bronchial cyst (BC), also known as anterior intestinal cyst, is often located in the posterior mediastinum and rarely in the retroperitoneum, especially in the adrenal area. The patient was a 65-year-old male with a left adrenal lesion (adrenal adenoma was considered) indicated by imaging examination at initial diagnosis. After completing the preoperative preparation, the patient underwent laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy under general anesthesia. The postoperative examination revealed no recurrence in the postoperative follow-up for 9 months. This article introduces the diagnosis and treatments of a case of adrenal BC and reviews the literature.
Neuroschistosomiasis: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Yankey Kwadwo Poku , Awoonor-William Ronald , Owusu Derrick Nyantakyi , Sackeyfio Arthur , Nyarko Veneranda , Gross-Fenandez Liudmila , Addai Francis , Wulff Irene , Boachie-Adjei Oheneba
Published: August 2024

Spinal cord involvement is a rare complication of the schistosomiasis manifesting as myeloradiculopathy, medullary or conus–cauda equina syndrome which can lead to potentially serious long-term disability. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with biochemical parameters have become the mainstay of diagnosis. Biopsy which is the gold standard of diagnosis demonstrating the organism is usually reserved for cases of diagnostic challenge. We report a rare case of upper thoracic spinal cord schistosomiasis diagnosed by biopsy in an 18-year-old male migrant presenting to a spine and orthopaedic centre in Ghana with complaints of upper back pain and associated myeloradiculopathy symptoms. Initial suspicion of intramedullary cord tumour was made based on magnetic resonance imaging findings warranting biopsy which revealed schistosoma spp. He was treated with anthelminthics and corticosteroids with a resolution of symptoms.
Tuberculous meningitis causing holocord longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis
Authors: Dev Nishanth , Kumar Rahul , Kumawat Ashok , Singh Gaurav
Published: August 2024

Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is a neurological entity with characteristic inflammatory lesions in ≥3 vertebral segments of the spinal cord. It is most commonly associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Other causes include infections, autoimmune disorders, and neoplasms. Tuberculosis has been reported as a cause of LETM in few case reports. However, tuberculous meningitis (TBM) as a cause of LETM is extremely rare, more so with involvement of the complete spine cord from the brainstem to the conus medullaris. A 65-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with sudden-onset tetraplegia and sensory, bowel, and bladder involvement. With no significant past history, mild meningeal signs, and normal metabolic profile, cerebrospinal fluid analysis was done revealing polymerase chain reaction test positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine was suggestive of complete spinal cord edema extending from the brainstem to the level of conus medullaris without skip lesions. A final impression of holocord LETM caused by TBM was suggested after ruling out other causes. The case highlights TBM as a potential cause of LETM especially in endemic countries, especially Asian and African countries, more so with holocord involvement without skip lesions.
The diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules: Consensus statement of the Indian Thyroid Society
Authors: Rajput Rajesh , Joshi Shashank R , Bajaj Sarita , Seshadri Krishna G , Kalra Pramila , Ghosh Sujoy , Menon Arun S. , Pillai Mini G , Kumar KM Prasanna , Jayakumar R. V. , Ganie Mohd Ashraf , Puthiyaveettil Jabbar K , Gupta Sushil , Rao Himagirish K
Published: August 2024

Thyroid nodules are a common occurrence in the Indian population. The current management involving an individualized approach is increasingly becoming relevant instead of a broad diagnostic and management algorithm. The consensus statements derived in this article aim to provide a summary of the current medical evidence for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules, which assists in optimizing recommendations in the Indian setting. The task force of experts has provided inputs to address specific clinical questions in this consensus. The statements are formulated after a thorough analysis of several published studies and guidelines to address the screening, diagnosis, and management of thyroid nodules. A well-defined grading system is used to appraise the evidence and grade the strength of recommendations. This guideline covers risk stratification of thyroid nodules (differentiating benign from malignant lesions) and a guide to the use of fine-needle aspiration cytology to improve definitive management. The guideline covers evidence-based recommendations for the management of benign, cytologically indeterminate, and malignant thyroid nodules. The panel has also touched upon the aspects of nondiagnostic thyroid nodule management and intraoperative neuromonitoring. These evidence-based expert consensus statements can provide useful and practical insights to aid the practicing clinician.
The two higher Stasheff–Tamari orders are equal
Authors: Williams Nicholas J.
Published: August 2024

The set of triangulations of a cyclic polytope possesses two
a priori
different partial orders, known as the
higher Stasheff–Tamari orders
. The first of these orders was introduced by Kapranov and Voevodsky, while the second order was introduced by Edelman and Reiner, who in 1996 also conjectured the two to coincide. In this paper, we prove their conjecture, thereby substantially increasing our understanding of these orders. This result also has ramifications in the representation theory of algebras, as established in previous work of the author. Indeed, it means that the two corresponding orders on tilting modules,

d

-silting complexes, and their maximal chains are equal for the higher Auslander algebras of type 

A

.
Categorical resolutions of filtered schemes
Authors: De Deyn Timothy
Published: August 2024

We give an alternative proof of the theorem by Kuznetsov and Lunts, stating that any separated scheme of finite type over a field of characteristic zero admits a categorical resolution of singularities. Their construction makes use of the fact that every variety (over a field of characteristic zero) can be resolved by a finite sequence of blow-ups along smooth centres. We merely require the existence of (projective) resolutions. To accomplish this we put the

\mathcal{A}

-spaces of Kuznetsov and Lunts in a different light, viewing them instead as schemes endowed with finite filtrations. The categorical resolution is then constructed by gluing together differential graded categories obtained from a hypercube of finite length filtered schemes.
Comprehensive Analysis of Titanium Alloy Machining with 2–7% Carbon
Nanotube-Infused Cubic Boron Nitride Grinding Wheel Utilizing Full-Factorial
Design
Authors: Stephen Deborah Serenade , Sethuramalingam Prabhu
Published: August 2024

This research explores the experimental analysis of titanium alloy using an
innovative approach involving a 2–7% carbon nanotube (CNT)-infused cubic boron
nitride (CBN) grinding wheel. Employing a full-factorial design, the study
systematically investigates the interactions among varied wheel speed, workpiece
feed rate, and depth of cut, revealing compelling insights. The integration of
CNTs in the CBN grinding wheel enhances the machining performance of titanium
alloy, known for its high strength and challenging machinability. The experiment
varies CNT infusion levels to assess their impact on material removal rate (MRR)
and surface finish. Significantly, MRR is influenced by CNT content, with 5% and
above demonstrating optimal performance. The 7% CNT-CBN wheel exhibits a
remarkable 61% improvement in MRR over the conventional CBN wheel. Interaction
studies highlight the pivotal role of depth of cut, indicating that slower
speeds and feeds, combined with increased depth of cut, enhance abrasive grit
penetration and produce superior surface finishes. The damping coefficient,
reflective of wheel strength and longevity, follows the MRR trend, with the 7%
CNT-CBN wheel displaying the highest value. SEM and AFM images confirm improved
surface finishes and reduced grinding burns. This study presents a novel
strategy for studying the MRR and Ra while grinding titanium alloy with
CNT-infused grinding wheels, offering valuable insights for the field.
Post/koloniale Verstrickungen. Der Fall Renzo Martens und die Grenzen der Kunstwissenschaft
Authors: Peyer Siri
Published: August 2024

Das 2012 vom Künstler Renzo Martens in der Demokratischen Republik Kongo gegründete Institute for Human Activities (IHA) ist höchst umstritten: Sehen die einen darin einen zynischen und selbstgerechten Kommentar des Künstlers zu den Mechanismen von kritischer Kunst auf dem Rücken der kongolesischen Mitstreiter:innen, loben die anderen dessen Anbindung an reale Lebenswelten als präzise Kritik an den Ökonomien des westlichen Kunstbetriebs. Kunstkritik und Kunstgeschichte kommen angesichts dieser ambivalenten und komplexen Konstellationen an ihre Grenzen, neigen zu thematischen Zuspitzungen oder einengende Kategorisierungen. Die Publikation untersucht, wie diese werkimmanenten Widersprüche so in eine Analyse aufgenommen werden können, dass sie nicht in vereindeutigenden Positionierungen aufgelöst werden. »Post/koloniale Verstrickungen« entwirft dabei eine transdisziplinäre Methodologie, die Renzo Martens’ IHA ‹von der Kunst aus denkend› analysiert. Dabei wird das Projekt nicht über eine theoretische Perspektive erschlossen, sondern das Kunstwerk zum Gegenüber erklärt, von dem aus die Fragen erst entwickelt werden.
Proatherogenic proteomic profile of LDL isolated from plasma of patients with diabetes mellitus: immunological aspects
Authors: Kiseleva D. G. , Ziganshin R. Kh. , Fotin D. P. , Markin A. M.
Published: August 2024

Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease, which is based on a chronic inflammatory process, including complex interactions between blood components, as well as the cells that form the vessel wall, and lipid metabolism in general. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) play a key role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. When the permeability of the endothelial layer of the vessel is impaired, LDL can penetrate into the intramural space and lead to excessive cholesterol accumulation by the cells from the intima subendothelial layer, leading to the onset of the inflammatory process and to the formation of foam cells, the main morphological component of the atherosclerotic plaque. However, the level of LDL in the patient’s blood plasma alone is not a key indicator of the development of atherosclerosis. Numerous studies point out the role of oxidized modifications of LDL (oxLDL) in the increased local accumulation of cholesterol in vascular wall cells, however, recent works have shown conflicting results regarding the role of oxLDL in the development of atherosclerosis. We hypothesize that other components of LDL may also influence the progression of atherosclerosis. It is a well-known fact that patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) suffer from cardiovascular diseases, in particular atherosclerosis, more often than patients without diagnosed DM and other autoimmune diseases, and the disease progresses faster. The purpose of this study was to identify risk biomarkers in LDL groups that indicate the relationship of the immune system with the development of atherosclerosis in such patients. LDL was isolated from patients and healthy donors using continuous ultracentrifugation with solutions of different densities, and LDL protein profile samples were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found 9 proteins that had a statistically significant difference between the samples (DM and control). In the diabetes group, the content of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein was almost 2 times higher compared to the control. These proteins may be involved in the development of inflammation, leading to the progression of atherosclerosis. At the same time, a decrease in immunoglobulins and complement components (C9 and Complement C1s subcomponent) associated with LDL may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
Relationship of the phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes and signs of osteopenia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Osikov M. V. , Korobkin E. A. , Fedosov A. A. , Dimov G. P.
Published: August 2024

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia among adults in Western countries, characterized by the development of a number of complications, including osteoporosis, which is a prerequisite for studying its predictors. The purpose of the work is to investigate the relationship between immunophenotyping indicators of blood lymphocytes and osteodensitometry indicators in CLL. The study was conducted on 48 male patients with CLL aged 50-70 years with an average disease duration of 12 months and 14 apparently healthy men of the corresponding age (group 1). In the blood, CD5+, CD19+, CD20+, CD22+, CD23+, CD43+, and CD200+ lymphocytes were differentiated in the blood using flow cytometry. The international FRAX questionnaire was used to assess the probability of fracture. Osteodensitometry assessed bone mineral density (BMD), T-score (standard deviation, SD), Z-score (SD) in the lumbar spine (LS), proximal femoral neck (FNA), proximal femoral bone (PFB). Patients with CLL were included in group 2 (n = 34) with BMD within normal limits (T- and Z-score – 1.0 SD) or group 3 (n = 14) with signs of osteopenia (OP) (T- and Z-score from – 1.0 SD up to – 2.5 SD). In patients with CLL in group 3, compared with patients with CLL in group 2, there is a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood expressing markers CD5+, CD19+, CD20+, CD22+, CD23+, CD43+, and CD200+. In patients with CLL in group 3, signs of AP in the SPBC increase with the increase in lymphocytes with the CD5+, CD19+, CD20+, CD22+, CD23+, CD43+, CD200+ phenotype in the blood. Signs of AP in the PBC increase with the increase in lymphocytes with the CD5+, CD19+, CD20+, CD23+, CD43+ phenotype in the blood. The strongest connections were found between the number of lymphocytes in the blood with the markers CD5+, CD19+, CD23+, CD43+ and the T-score, Z-score, and BMD in the FNA. The data obtained are a prerequisite for further study of the interaction between the clone of tumor lymphocytes in CLL and cells involved in bone tissue remodeling to identify the mechanism of development of OP, osteoporosis and the risk of bone fractures, and changes in the quantitative composition of the lymphocyte phenotype in the blood can be considered as potential laboratory predictors of a decrease in BMD.
Lymphocyte subsets in epicardial, thymic and subcutaneous adipose tissue during advanced coronary atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Kologrivova I. V. , Dmitriukov A. A. , Naryzhnaya N. V. , Koshelskaya O. A. , Kharitonova O. A. , Vyrostkova A. I. , Evtushenko V. V. , Krapivina A. S. , Riabchenko P. E. , Suslova T. E.
Published: August 2024

The important role of epicardial (EAT) and thymic (TAT) adipose tissue in the development of atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is widely discussed. The purpose of the study was to investigate the lymphocyte subsets and FoxP3+Treg lymphocytes in epicardial, thymic and subcutaneous adipose tissue depending on the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with chronic CAD. We examined 24 patients with CAD (21 men; mean age 65.0 (58.0-68.0) years) scheduled for open-heart surgery. In samples of EAT, TAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), the content of CD4+, CD8+, B lymphocytes, NK and NKT cells, CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ and CD4+CD25lowFoxP3+T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) and a proportion of Tregs with FoxP3 nuclear translocation was determined by imaging flow cytometry. Depending on the severity of atherosclerosis, assessed according to Gensini Score, patients were divided into groups: group 1 – patients with Gensini Score 65; group 2 – patients with Gensini Score ≥ 65. Patients in group 2 had higher frequency of EAT CD4+CD25lowTreg with FoxP3nuclear translocation, TAT CD8+T lymphocytes and NK cells, a lower content of TAT double positive CD4+CD8+T lymphocytes, and a tendency towards a decrease of frequency of TAT CD4+CD25hiTreg with FoxP3 nuclear translocation compared to patients in group 1. The level of nuclear translocation of FoxP3 in CD4+CD25hiTreg cells in TAT was inversely related to the proportion of CD8+T lymphocytes (rs = -0.653; p = 0.012) and NK cells (rs = -0.723; p = 0.003) in TAT, and directly – to the proportion of double positive CD4+CD8+T lymphocytes in TAT (rs = 0.567; p = 0.034) and the value of the waist-to-hip ratio (rs = -0.474; p = 0.041). Further research is required to study the molecular mechanisms of these relationships in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and chronic coronary artery disease.