bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operando Fourier-transform infrared–mass spectrometry reactor cell setup for heterogeneous catalysis with glovebox transfer process to surface-chemical characterization
Authors: Watschinger Maximilian , Ploner Kevin , Winkler Daniel , Kunze-Liebhäuser Julia , Klötzer Bernhard , Penner Simon
Published: February 2021

We describe a new type of operando Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)–mass spectrometry setup for surface-chemical and reactivity characterization of heterogeneous catalysts. On the basis of a sophisticated all-quartz FTIR reactor cell, capable of operating between room temperature and 1000 °C in reactive gas atmospheres, the setup offers a unique opportunity to simultaneously collect and accordingly correlate FTIR surface-chemical adsorption data of the active catalyst state and FTIR gas phase data with complementary reactivity data obtained via mass spectrometry in situ. The full set of catalytic operation modes (recirculating static and flow reactor conditions) is accessible and can be complemented with a variety of temperature-programmed reaction modes or thermal desorption. Due to the unique transfer process involving a home-built portable glovebox to avoid air exposure, a variety of complementary quasi in situ characterization methods for the pre- and post-reaction catalyst states become accessible. We exemplify the capabilities for additional x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of surface-chemical states, highlighting the unique strength of combining adsorption, electronic structure, and reactivity data to gain detailed insight into the reactive state of a Cu/ZrO2 heterogeneous catalyst during methanol steam reforming operation.
Efficient excimer-based white OLEDs with reduced efficiency roll-off
Authors: Wu Jiang , Ameri Lydia , Cao Linyu , Li Jian
Published: February 2021

A tetradentate Pt(II) complex, Pt2O2-p2m, which exhibits both efficient monomer and excimer emission, was synthesized. Through rational device design to broaden the recombination zone, an OLED device employing Pt2O2-p2m demonstrated an impressively high peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.5% and a warm white emission with a color rendering index of 71 and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.409, 0.458). Moreover, a reduced efficiency roll-off was also observed to retain high EQE values of 20% EQE at 1000 cd/m2 and 17% EQE at 5000 cd/m2, and an LT70 (time to 70% initial luminance) was estimated to be over 150 h at 1000 cd/m2 under constant operation at accelerated driving conditions.
Effect of vitrification on global gene expression dynamics of bovine elongating embryos
Authors: Gutierrez-Castillo Emilio , Ming Hao , Foster Brittany , Gatenby Lauren , Mak Chun Kuen , Pinto Carlos , Bondioli Kenneth , Jiang Zongliang
Published: February 2021

Embryo vitrification involves exposure to high concentrations of cryoprotectants and osmotic stress during cooling and warming in the cryopreservation process. Many of these factors can potentially affect gene expression. In this study, invitro-produced bovine embryos at the blastocyst stage were subjected to vitrification. Four recipients each were used for transferring non-vitrified (n=80) and vitrified (n=80) embryos. A total of 12 non-vitrified and 9 vitrified viable day-14 (D14) embryos were recovered by uterine flushing. RNA-seq analysis of the whole embryo or isolated trophectoderm (TE) from vitrified and fresh recovered D14 embryos revealed a total of 927 and 4376 genes with changed expression in embryos and TE isolates, respectively, as a result of vitrification. In addition, we found 671 and 61 genes commonly up- or downregulated in both vitrified whole embryos and TE. Commonly upregulated pathways by vitrification included epithelial adherens junctions, sirtuin signalling, germ cell–sertoli cell junction, ATM signalling, NER and protein ubiquitination pathways. The commonly downregulated pathways included EIF2 signalling, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K signalling and mTOR signalling pathways. Our analysis identified specific pathways and implicated specific gene expression patterns affecting embryo developmental competence that are important to cryopreservation.
Nonreciprocity of spin waves in the conical helix state
Authors: Ogawa N. , Köhler L. , Garst M. , Toyoda S. , Seki S. , Tokura Y.
Published: February 2021

Significance

While spin waves in conventional ferromagnets are well understood, those in more complicated magnets hosting spatially textured magnetization, such as helical/conical and skyrmion/hedgehog configurations, are less explored. We investigate experimentally and theoretically the spin waves of the conical spin helix in a chiral magnet with the help of Brillouin light scattering. We discovered that the dynamics of the conical spin helix is characterized by a distinct nonreciprocity with spin waves preferentially propagating in a specific direction controlled by the orientation of the magnetic field. Our work therefore demonstrates that all the spin phases of bulk chiral magnets allow, in principle, the realization of a switchable spin wave diode functionality.
The monolingual approach in American linguistic fieldwork
Authors: Thomas Margaret
Published: February 2021

In the first decades of the 20th century, fieldwork — collection of language data through direct interaction with a native speaker — was foundational to American linguistics. After a mid-century period of neglect, fieldwork has recently been revived as a means to address the increasing rate of language endangerment worldwide. Twenty-first century American fieldwork inherits some, but not all, of the traits of earlier fieldwork. This article examines the history of one controversial issue, whether a field worker should adopt a monolingual approach, learning and using the target language as a medium of exchange with native speakers, as opposed to relying on interpreters or a lingua franca. Although the monolingual approach is not widely practiced, modern proponents argue strongly for its value. The method has been popularized though ‘monolingual demonstrations’ to audiences of linguists, which, curiously, are not wholly consistent with the character of 21st-century fieldwork.
A negotiation analysis of risk assessment in community correction from the perspective of exchange structure
Authors: Yuan Chuanyou , Luo Xing
Published: February 2021

Community correction, as a new form of crime punishment towards restorative justice, is being widely practiced in China. This paper, adopting an ethnographic method, explores the exchange structure of risk assessment in community correction by analyzing a dataset of 12 assessments. The study finds that the risk assessment discourse is replete with the informing exchange (formulized as K1^(K2f)) and eliciting exchange (formulized as K2^K1). It further discusses how the canonical structures are invalidated and what variant structures could address the issue. These findings suggest that judicial social workers need to raise their linguistic awareness and offenders need more effective linguistic choices in order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of risk assessment.
Legal translation into a non-mother tongue
Authors: Duběda Tomáš
Published: February 2021

The article reflects on the problem of L2 legal translation, paying specific attention to the role of L1 revision and its impact on the overall quality of the final product. Twenty non-native translations (Czech–French) of a legal text were subjected to a two-stage assessment procedure: First, by two native revisers without legal training (revision stage), and second, by two native experts (metarevision stage). In the revision stage, the average quality of the translations was rated between B (good) and C (borderline). During the metarevision stage, the experts identified a higher number or errors, especially in the domain of legal meaning. No less than 84% of the revisions made by the non-expert revisers were confirmed by the expert revisers, while the remaining cases were mostly under-revisions (12%), and, less frequently, over-revisions (4%). In situations where L2 translation is inevitable, L1 revision, even when carried out by professional revisers with little or no legal background, seems to be a viable option. However, all stakeholders should be aware of the risks associated with this practice, bearing in mind the specific nature of legal translation.
Improvement of electrical properties of ITO thin films by melt-free ultra-short laser crystallization
Authors: Farid N , Sharif A , Vijayaraghavan R K , Wang M , Chan H , Brunton A , McNally P J , Choy K L , O’Connor G M
Published: February 2021

We describe a novel solid state crystallisation method for optimising a thin film transparent conductive oxide when deposited on flexible polymer substrates. The method is based on ultra-short non-thermal laser sintering of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. In this study, we used commercial ITO thin films deposited on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate with a relatively low melting temperature compared with ITO on glass. We demonstrate the use of laser scanning with high pulse overlapping at fluences seven times less than the threshold required for melting/damage of ITO. The results confirm greater than four times enhancement in the mobility of charge carriers of ITO thin films after laser scanning and sheet resistance can be reduced up to 25%. There is no reduction in optical transparency observed in laser treated samples. Surface morphology and x-ray diffraction analyses confirm the improvement in crystallite sizes by laser sintering, resulting in a greater than 37% increase in grain size due to enhanced crystallization. Comparison of experimental and simulation based on a delayed two temperature model confirms that ITO thin film crystallization occurred at about one-third of the melting temperature of ITO.
Electrical resistor and capacitor using carbon- based papers for creative thinking to deepen and extend learning
Authors: Shintsuruta Michiya , Okubo Hirokazu , Iwayama Tsutomu
Published: February 2021

We developed new teaching materials, electrical resistors and capacitors, using carbon nanotube (CNT) paper and carbon fibre (CF) paper to foster students’ creative thinking, thereby deepening and extending learning. Using a CNT-paper electrical resistor, it is possible to elucidate the dependence of the resistance value on the length and width. The resistance value is proportional to the length and inversely proportional to the width of the paper. In the case of the CF-paper capacitor, it is also possible to clarify the dependence of the capacitance value on the area and the distance between papers. The capacitance value is proportional to the areas of the papers and inversely proportional to the distance between them. Based on the results of our experiments using the new teaching materials, we confirmed that the measured values were in good agreement with the values predicted by theoretical calculations. Using these materials, it becomes possible for students to visually and actively learn about electrical resistance and capacitance through experiments by themselves and in discussion with other students, in contrast to the traditional teaching methods practiced in many schools worldwide. We found that teaching methods using these materials are a useful and easy way to teach the basic concepts of resistance and capacitance with geometric factors in classrooms.
First imaging demonstration of a crosshair light-sharing PET detector
Authors: Yoshida Eiji , Akamatsu Go , Tashima Hideaki , Kamada Kei , Yoshikawa Akira , Yamaya Taiga
Published: February 2021

The crosshair light-sharing (CLS) PET detector is our original depth-of-interaction (DOI) detector, which is based on a single-ended readout scheme with quadrisected crystals comparable in size to a photo-sensor. In this work, we developed 32 CLS PET detectors, each of which consisted of a multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) array and gadolinium fine aluminum garnet (GFAG) crystals, and we developed a benchtop prototype of a small animal size PET. Each GFAG crystal was 1.45 × 1.45 × 15 mm3. The MPPC had a surface area of 3.0 × 3.0 mm2. The benchtop prototype had two detector rings of 16 detector blocks. The ring diameter and axial field-of-view were 14.2 cm and 4.9 cm, respectively. The data acquisition system used was the PETsys silicon photomultiplier readout system. The continuous DOI information was binned into three DOI layers by applying a look-up-table to a 2D position histogram. Also, energy and timing information was corrected using DOI information. After the calibration procedure, the energy resolution and the coincidence time resolution were 14.6% and 531 ps, respectively. Imaging test results of a small rod phantom obtained by an iterative reconstruction method showed clear separation of 1.6 mm rods with the help of DOI information.
You shall not pass: Ti nanospike-based sterilizer in fluid flow reactor
Authors: Saraeva Irina N , Tolordava Eteri R , Sozaev Islam V , Nastulyavichus Alyona A , Kudryashov Sergey I , Rudenko Andrey A , Ionin Andrey A , Gonchukov Sergey A
Published: February 2021

We report the laser-ablative fabrication of antibacterial nanostructures, combining mechanical and chemotoxic effects, by femto- and nanosecond laser ablation and their testing on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. A Ti surface, covered with nanospikes and periodical surface ripples, provides a strong anti-biofilm effect, and the addition of cytotoxic nanoparticles (NPs) (Ag, Se) enhances the overall bactericidal activities. A flow reactor, including Ti nanospike-covered wafers as a through-flow sterilizer, allowed reduction of the bacterial population by two orders. Several types of nanostructures with/without biofilms were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Their antibacterial properties were demonstrated by standard live/dead tests and were suggested to originate from the combined chemical toxicity of NPs and mechanical damage caused by sharp nanoscale relief on Ti.
On Fuzzy BRK Topological Action
Authors: Sivakumar S. , Kousalya S.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we consider fuzzy BRK topological group in a fuzzy action. We discuss some properties of a fuzzy BRK topological action and also some of their fuzzy relations on a group. Fuzzy BRK topological orbit of a fuzzy action also discuss.
e-continuous and Somewhat e-continuity in Nnc-Topological Spaces
Authors: Vadivel A. , Thangaraja P.
Published: February 2021

A new class of mapping functions calledNnce-continuous map, somewhatNnce-continuous map, somewhatNnce-open maps has been established and defined by making use ofNnce-open sets. Some Characterizations and properties ofNnce-continuous mappings and somewhatNnce-continuous mapping functions are presented.
Several generalizations of Is*g
-Continuous Functions in Ideal Topological Spaces
Authors: Powar P. L. , Narayan Mishra Vishnu , Bhadauria Shikha
Published: February 2021

Khan and Noiri( Khan M. and Noiri T., On Is*g
-continuous functions in the Ideal Topological spaces, Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math., 4(3)(2011), 237 – 243.) have initiated the notion of Is*g
-continuous functions in ideal Topological spaces. In addition to this, they have also defined the strong and weak versions of Is*g
-continuous functions along with their mutual relationships and studied certain properties of these functions. By considering the definition of β-open sets, the authors have proposed the generalization of Is*g
-continuous functions viz. Is*g
-β-continuous functions in the present paper. Moreover, the generalization of weak I-continuous functions and weakly Is*g
-continuous functions have been defined in the context of β-open and regular open sets. The relationships amongst these continuities have been also established and the generalization has been justified by several illustrative examples.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Left and Right Bi-Quasi Ideals of Semirings
Authors: Murugadas P. , Amala R.
Published: February 2021

In this article, the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy bi-quasi ideal of semiring has been explored and some results using regularity concept are analyzed.
From offline to online learning: various efforts to secure the learning process during covid-19 outbreaks
Authors: Faizah U , Ambarwati R , Rahayu DA
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus Disease (Covid) 19 outbreaks occurred in many countries led to the emergence of policy changes in the field of education for the implementation of learning at home in order to avoid the spread of the disease. Educational instructors must be responsive to adapt to changes in learning that was originally offline to be online to secure the learning process. This study aims to describe the various efforts of lecturers in carrying out online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was in March-April 2020 with 32 respondents (lecturers in the one of Universitas at Surabaya-Indonesia). Rapid survey with Google form by asking the facilities used in the implementation of online learning, the implementation of online learning, and the lecturers’ response to online learning. Data were analyzed using quantitative-descriptive manner. The results showed various lecturers’ efforts to secure the learning process during Pandemic Covid-19 Condition. They tried to use various platforms and applications to manage online learning, even in Learning Management Systems (LMS) and social media applications. The most widely used application was WhatsApp (84.4%) and in LMS was Google classroom (56.3%). In implementing online learning, lecturers had good design in teaching materials, preparation, implementation, evaluation of learning. In addition, 72% of lecturers responded positively to online implementation because they had benefited in increased digital literacy. The conclusion of this study were most lecturers responded positively by adapting to changes from offline to online learning; online learning has been well implemented.
Effect of Healthy Life Campaigns on Controlling Obesity Transmission: A Mathematical Study
Authors: Delavani  , Aldila Dipo , Handari Bevina D
Published: February 2021

In this study, we present a mathematical model that describes how obesity spread among the human population, considering human awareness levels to describe the difference in lifestyle of humans, in which the transition between this group depends on the media campaign from the authority about the importance of healthy lifestyles and persuasive capability of individuals who quit obesity. The model constructs as four-dimensional nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Possible equilibrium points are investigated regarding their existence and local stability criteria. Basic reproduction number (R
0) of the model obtained from the next-generation matrix approach. It has been shown that the obesity-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if R
0 is less than one and unstable otherwise. A transcritical bifurcation when R
0 = 1 was investigated using the Castillo-Song bifurcation theorem. From the elasticity analysis, we find that the social contact rate is the most influential parameter in determining the magnitude of R
0, followed by a healthy life campaign from the government. A short discussion to understand the possible scenario in the field obtained numerically based on our analytical results conducted at last.
Improving Students Understanding on Fluid Dynamics through IBL-STEM Model with Formative Assessment
Authors: Parno  , Permana G A , Hidayat A , Ali M
Published: February 2021

Fluid dynamics is related to science and technology in everyday’s life, but students still have low understanding about it. This research aims to correct the understanding and describe students’ difficulties on the topic of fluid dynamics after Inquiry-Based Learning integrated STEM with Formative Assessment. This mixed methods with an embedded experimental design made use of research subject of 34 students (M=14 and F=20) of grade XI in a high school at Jombang, Indonesia, which were selected with purposive sampling. The research instrument used was the fluid dynamics understanding test instrument in the form of reasoned multiple-choice questions with a reliability of 0.774. The data analysis was done with Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, N-gain, d-effect, and and the analysis of the description of students’ answer. The result of the study shows that the learning process was able to significantly improve students’ conceptual understanding with the N-gain value of 0.628 (medium category) and d-effect size of 3.645 (very large category). After the learning process, students still have great difficulty in learning two things, which are flow rate with constant magnitude and the relation between pressure, surface area of the space, and the flow speed. Other than that, students still feel some difficulty to analyze (1) the relation between speed of flow and radius of space, (2) the construction of the proof of constant debut, (3) aerodynamic lift of two wings of an aeroplane, and (4) the phenomena of someone standing near a moving train, and (5) the relation between the height of water reservoir and the flow rate.
Deep Learning Ability of Students from Superior and Non-Superior Classes at Microscopic Level of Protein
Authors: Erman E , Martini  , Rosdiana L , Wakhidah N
Published: February 2021

Deep learning is urgently required to achieve scientific literacy and to develop high order thinking skills. This study aimed to describe the deep learning ability of science education major students in a university in East Java at the microscopic level of protein. Twenty students from superior class and thirty students from non-superior class were involved voluntarily in the survey study. By using content analysis that is read carefully students’ tasks, examined students’ ability in identify, define, and explain biochemical aspects of protein case, and apply the knowledge to explain the case, and determined students’ learning status using rubrics, we found that students from both classes successful identified, defined, and explained aspects of protein cases macroscopically. However, microscopically, no students from the superior class explained protein aspects in the cases, while 11% of students from non-superior class explained them successfully. Seven percent of student from non-superior class used their protein knowledge to explain the protein cases they explored successfully. We also found that 7% of students from the non-superior class performed deep learning at microscopic level of protein, while no students from the superior class performed the same. However, majority students from both classes performed surface learning at microscopic level of protein. The results imply that both superior and non-superior students are difficult to learn protein microscopically. Learning strategy to help students attain meaningful learning of biochemistry are needed by the students.
Teachers’ Views about Nature of Science (NOS) Using Reconceptualised Family Resemblance Approach to Nature of Science (RFN) Questionnaire
Authors: Azninda H , Raharjo  , Sunarti T
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to identify teachers view about Nature of Science (NOS). One of the most recent framework that focused on educational adaptation of NOS is called Reconceptualised Family Resemblance Approach to Nature of Science (RFN). Based on RFN, NOS is categorized by its aims and values, scientific inquiry, methods, knowledge and social-institutional aspect of science. Teacher plays big role in learning process to teach NOS both in implicitly or explicitly. However, only few of research that have been revealed teacher’s view about NOS using RFN. A qualitative research method was considered in order to identify teacher’s responses based on categories of RFN. This study also used 70 items “RFN-Questionnaire” that was adapted from Kaya et al (2019). Total 15 science teachers and 10 non-science teachers such as social and language teachers was participated in written questionnaire and interview processes. The result show that non-science teachers have different view about NOS in each category compared to science-teacher based on interview. Though a quantitative data analyse, using Mann-Whitney based on score from RFN-Q, suggest that there is no significant differences between non-science teacher and science teacher’s overall score. This study concluded that teachers in both science and non-science majors have different view about NOS because of learning experience and processes they have received.
Students’ visual literacy: a study from plant anatomy learning
Authors: Susiyawati E , Treagust D F
Published: February 2021

Plant anatomy is a branch of plant biology that focuses on the internal structures and development of a plant. This topic relies heavily on visual representations such as photographs and drawings as teaching and learning tools. Therefore, visual literacy is a core skill for biology students to study plant anatomy effectively. However, do biology students have a sufficient level of visual literacy particularly in the case of plant anatomy? This current study was conducted to provide answers to this question. To collect relevant information, this study involved 79 university sophomores studying plant anatomy in Indonesia. Using a case study design, two data collection methods included a test and semi-structured interviews to investigate to what extent biology students are visually literate in interpreting plant anatomy-based photographs. The author-designed test, Plant Anatomy Diagnostic Test (PADI), consisted of two sections. Section 1 comprised five four-tier multiple choice items linked to photographs of a plant, whereas section 2 was a drawing task. The test was distributed to all student participants, while the interview sections involved a subgroup of 15 students. All collected data were analysed separately, then the results were compared and compiled to triangulate the findings. The results of this current study supported and triangulated the fact that the biology students had difficulties to interpret, understand, and generate visualizations of the presented plants’ photographs, indicating that their visual literacy in plant anatomy was insufficient. The primary reason for students’ insufficient visual literacy was lack of conceptual understanding that resulted in their inability to apply and integrate knowledge. The implications of the research findings are also discussed.
Mathematical reasoning structure of junior high school students in solving problems based on their working memory capacity
Authors: Palengka I , Juniati D , Abadi
Published: February 2021

Mathematical reasoning has a clear structure. In mathematical reasoning structure, working memory capacity is considered as something important. This study aimed at knowing the mathematical reasoning structure of junior high school students in solving problems reviewed based on working memory capacity. This research was a qualitative research. This study was carried out in state Junior High School in Makale. The selection of research subjects was done by providing tests to measure students’ working memory capacity. The test used was O-SPAN Test and the researcher chose 1 student with high category working memory capacity and 1 student with low category working memory capacity. Then the researcher gave a test to investigate the reasoning structure. Mathematical reasoning structure of research participant with low working memory capacity showed the stage of problematic situation, strategy choice, conclusion could be done. However, for the stage of strategy is implemented, subject implemented the strategy in one way and could not find a maximum result. Subject with low working memory capacity could provide conclusions but could not give verification arguments showing the strategy used was correct or reasonable and could solve the problem. Mathematical reasoning structure of research subject with high working memory capacity fulfilled the four mathematical reasoning structures namely problematic situation, strategy choice, implemented strategy, and conclusion.
Development of digital learning resources for realistic mathematics education in supporting virtual learning during covid-19
Authors: Fiangga S , Palupi E L W , Hidayat D , Prihartiwi N R , Siswono T Y E
Published: February 2021

The use of digital resource for learning has been increasing since the Industrial Revolution 4.0 was enlivened. This was further strengthened by the government’s policy to learn from home since the COVID pandemic 19. Various types of online learning can be effective but also sometimes do not succeed in achieving the expected learning goals. Drijver suggests that 3 main factors influence how digital learning resources can be effective in learning, namely how the design of digital content is, how the teacher’s role in digital content is, and the use of the educational context used in digital content. Realistic Mathematics Learning can be an approach that can accommodate all the factors. This study aims to provide appropriate digital learning resources for teachers and students during the COVID 19 pandemic. An adapted Plomp Design is used for developing digital content. This developmental research suggests that the characterization of RME supports the requirements for effective digital learning resources in a way that enables the student to foster their constructive learning activities. However, these rich didactical activities lack in providing an adequate presentation on the mathematics content.
Plankton Diversity at Rice Field-Pond in Glagah Village, Lamongan
Authors: Zahroh VRA , Sueb
Published: February 2021

This research aimed to describe plankton diversity at rice field-pond in Glagah Village, Lamongan that can be used for fish culture. Sampling was done by purposive sampling with 5 sampling points at each end of the pond and in the middle, the place of rice field-pond around of the school. Each sampling point is divided into 2 depth variations, surface (0 cm) and base (70 cm). The results showed in the first point found 1 type of phytoplankton and 1 type of zooplankton, the second point found 9 types of phytoplankton and 2 type of zooplankton, the third point found 10 types of phytoplankton and 3 types of zooplankton, in the fourth point found 2 types of zooplankton while in the fifth point found 1 type of phytoplankton and 1 type of zooplankton. From the observation concluded that phytoplankton diversity of H ‘2.27 (medium) and zooplankton of H’ 1.543 (medium). So it can be concluded that the diversity of phytoplankton in rice field-pond is greater than zooplankton. Physical and chemical characteristics at rice field-pond water affect the plankton diversity so that it must be maintained.
Software defect prediction using Binary Particle Swarm Optimization with Binary Cross Entropy as the fitness function
Authors: Malhotra R , Shakya A , Ranjan R , Banshi R
Published: February 2021

Software is a consequential asset because concrete software is needed in virtually every industry, in every business, and for every function. It becomes more paramount as time goes on – if something breaks within your application portfolio and expeditious, efficient, and efficacious fine-tune needs to transpire as anon as possible. Therefore, recognizing the faults in the early phase of the software development lifecycle is essential for both, diminishing the cost in terms of efforts and money Similarly, It is important to find out features which could be redundant or features which are highly correlated with each other, as it could largely affect the model’s learning process. This analysis refers to the use of crossover Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) with Binary Cross-Entropy (BCE) loss for the fitness function. The conclusion of proposed paper is to provide the significance and opportunity of using Binary Cross-Entropy (BCE) in Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) for the feature reduction process in order to minimize the developer’s effort and costs for software development as well as for its maintenance.
Detection of Non-functional Bore wells Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Janani Priya T , Sabari Priya K P , Vincent Jennifer Priscilla , Uma K V , Pudumalar S
Published: February 2021

India is the largest user of ground water with approximately 27.5 million bore wells drawing over 230 cubic kilolitre per year. Bore wells are vertical drilled wells, bored into an underground water-bearing layer in the earth’s surface, to extract water for various purposes. Less rainfall, water scarcity, depletion of underground water has spearheaded the number of bore wells dug in a year. Excessive number of bore wells has led to squandering of groundwater at higher rates than the rate of water replenished and caused depletion of the groundwater levels. When the water gets dried, the motor is removed and the outer surface is not properly covered or sealed. The diameter is large enough for the child to fall inside. The inside of the bore well now non-functioning or left unused might have collapsed. According to a report, since 2009 more than 40 children fell into bore well, sadly seventy percentage of the rescue operations fail. The current paper incorporates the analysis of datasets of bore well acquired from Kaggle. A predictive model has been built by employing machine learning algorithms like Random forest, Extra-trees classifier, logistic regression ‘to predict the non-functional bore wells present which is to be reported and to be taken action in the immediate future’. The performance of the models have been evaluated by performance metrics, among which Random forest shows excellent performance in predicting non-functional killer bore wells.
Comparative analysis of Machine learning and Deep learning algorithms for Software Effort Estimation
Authors: Priya Varshini A G , Anitha Kumari K , Janani D , Soundariya S
Published: February 2021

Artificial Intelligence is a superset of Machine Learning and Deep learning, used to build intelligent systems that can solve problems. Software Effort Estimation is used to predict the number of hours of work required to complete the task. It is difficult and a challenging task to forecast Software Effort in the project during initial stages, due to several uncertainties. Software Effort Estimation helps in planning, scheduling, budgeting a project. Various experiments were proposed to predict effort alike expert judgment, analogy based estimations, regression estimations, classification approaches, deep learning algorithms. In this paper, comparison of deepnet, neuralnet, support vector machine and random forest algorithms were carried out and the results show that random forest outperforms other algorithms because of its robustness and capacity to handle large datasets. Evaluation metrics deliberated are Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Squared Error, Mean Square Error and R-Squared.
Seizure Detection with Local Binary Pattern and CNN Classifier
Authors: Ramakrishnan S , Muthanantha Murugavel A S , Sathiyamurthi P , Ramprasath J
Published: February 2021

The present work proposes two novel approaches namely One Dimensional adaptive average Local Binary Pattern (1-D AaLBP) and One-Dimensional adaptive difference Local Binary Pattern (1-D AdLBP) for feature extraction from EEG signals and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for classification of EEG signals. Both the proposed feature extraction methods are computationally easy to implement. In the first step the histograms are formed from the extracted patterns, after that feature vectors of the histogram are given as input to the classifier. Two benchmark EEG datasets such as Bonn and CHB-MIT are employed for conducting experiments for comparing the performances of the proposed method with other existing research works. The performance measures such as sensitivity, specificity, classification accuracy and execution time are used for evaluating the proposed methods. It is learned from the experiments conducted that among various methods the proposed method provides improved performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, classification accuracy and execution time.
Prediction of Solar Radiation Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Rahman Shahriar , Rahman Shazzadur , Bahalul Haque A K M
Published: February 2021

Most solar applications and systems can be reliably used to generate electricity and power in many homes and offices. Recently, there is an increase in many solar required systems that can be found not only in electricity generation but other applications such as solar distillation, water heating, heating of buildings, meteorology and producing solar conversion energy. Prediction of solar radiation is very significant in order to accomplish the previously mentioned objectives. In this paper, the main target is to present an algorithm that can be used to predict an hourly activity of solar radiation. Using a dataset that consists of temperature of air, time, humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, direction of wind and solar radiation data, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is constructed to effectively forecast solar radiation using the available weather forecast data. Two models are created to efficiently create a system capable of interpreting patterns through supervised learning data and predict the correct amount of radiation present in the atmosphere. The results of the two statistical indicators: Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) are performed and compared with observed and predicted data. These two models were able to generate efficient predictions with sufficient performance accuracy.
Extended Adjacent Local Binary Pattern for Texture Based Image Retrieval
Authors: Ramakrishnan S , Nithya S , Meenachi L , Janani A P
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a novel local texture descriptor named Extended Adjacent Local Binary Pattern (EALBP) for images is proposed. In this method, each image is subdivided into local regions of size 4*4. For each local region, 13-bits of binary value are generated by comparing the adjacent neighborhood pixel in three phases. In the first phase, the inner 2x2 region from the local region is considered and each pixel is compared with the adjacent pixel which results in 4 bits. In the second phase, the outer region from the local region is considered and the diagonal pixels present in the 4 directions such as 45°, 135°, 225° and 315° are considered. The pixels values present in each direction are compared with the adjacent neighborhood pixels in the outer region and this comparison results in 4 bits. In the third phase, the pixels except the diagonal pixel values in the outer region are compared against each other and this result in 4 bit binary value. Finally, the mean of the local region is compared with the mean of the input image which results in one bit binary value. The 13-bit binary value of each local region is thus formed and the above steps are repeated for the entire image. The experimental results show that the proposed method could characterize the texture property of the image efficiently when compared with the existing methods on two databases.
Refined Imbricate Cryptography with addition of Polygram Substitution Cipher Method: an enhanced tool for security
Authors: Dharshini M , Gayathri K , Renuga Devi S , Gopalakrishnan B
Published: February 2021

The booming of technologies these days make us more comfortable and also take us into the complex world. As information increases rapidly, the level of security also matters. As a technological paradigm, the security can be done using many cryptography techniques. Cryptography is a process of converting a plain text into a cipher text so that the data can be viewed or extracted only by an intended user. In this paper, we describe a methodology inorder to enhance the speed of encryption and decryption process. This process uses ciphertext formation via Imbricate Cryptography and Polygram Substitution Cipher Technique. On performing cryptography, there are a lot of improvements in the actual implementation. Most importantly, the advantage of combining these two algorithms is to make data more secure from the exploiters and also making the computer to process faster.
Blockchain based Access Control and Data Sharing Systems for Smart Devices
Authors: Chinnasamy P , Vinodhini B , Praveena V , Vinothini C , Ben Sujitha B
Published: February 2021

Internet-of-Things and Blockchain technology are evolving all around today’s modern world to solve many problems such as security, communications, data collection and analysis, etc. However, we also have some issues, such as efficient data sharing, restriction of access, reliable authentication, etc. The proposed framework is designed to solve the problems related to security and authorization in IoT network access control. In addition, the system’s aim is to accomplish security, authorizing, and encryption for information exchange through IoT networks. In this article, a novel system is introducing to provide the data sharing system that integrates blockchain based access control system for IoT devices. Here, we are creating three different smart contracts to offers an efficient access control management like contract to provide access control, contract to provide authentication, and contract to provide a judgment. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is measured against the cost consumption of smart contracts and cryptographic functions. The cost utilization comparison is carried out against certain current approaches as well as the findings clearly demonstrate that the proposed approach is cost-effective.
The Implementation of Finite Difference Minority Carrier Diffusion Equation to Determine Pm-147/Si Betavoltaic Performance
Authors: Rahastama S , Waris A , Iskandar F , Viridi S
Published: February 2021

In this article, we employ a numerical calculation to determine the Pm2O3-Si p-n junction betavoltaic electrical performance using Finite Difference Minority Carrier Diffusion Equation (FD-MCDE) method. In order to verify the method, the comparation result is presented according to the basic planar design in the experimental study as well as the analytical calculation. At 0.8 Ci/cm2 and 1 Ci/cm2 activity content, we obtained 8.04% and 7.03% error in short-circuit current calculation, respectively. Furthermore, the variation in the number of n-type and p-type arrays was done to detect the shifting effect in the simulation result. The V
oc, Vmp
, and FF for both activity contents have achieved the optimum values using 500 x 500 grids, despite of having more iterations to reach the desired convergency level.
Lesson Learned on Handling Volcanic Ash of Kartini Reactor
Authors: Pandi Liliana Yetta , Wahyono Puradwi Ismu , Khakim Azizul , Sahiful Umar
Published: February 2021

Indonesia is located along the path of the Pacific Ring of Fire, home of about 83 active volcanoes, and is operating 3 research reactors. The volcanic eruptions in Indonesia occurred several times in recent years. Mount Merapi eruption located in Yogyakarta, Central java occurred in 2010 and the eruption of Mount Kelud located in Kediri, East Java occurred in February 2014. The later spread volcanic ash reaching Kartini research reactor located in Yogyakarta city, and is concerned to have an impact on the operational safety of the reactor. This paper will discuss how to deal with the impact of volcanic ash on Kartini reactor and lesson learned for other operating nuclear reactors around the world.
Heat transfer characteristics of graphite welding pool in penetration brazing of Cu/Ni dissimilar metal wires
Authors: Zeng X , Gao Y Z , Wang Y B , Feng Z G
Published: February 2021

In order to discuss the heat transfer characteristics of the graphite welding pool and the copper electrode, in penetration brazing of Cu/Ni dissimilar metal wire. A mathematical model for electrothermal coupling, on penetration brazing of Cu/Ni dissimilar metal wire, is developed, to describe temperature distribution and influence factors of different types of graphite welding pool and copper electrode, using simulation and experimental tests. The simulation results show that temperatures of the common graphite welding pool is 749.88°C, while the experimental results show that temperatures of the common graphite welding pool is 752.23°C, and the corresponding temperature range of the copper electrode is 236.5°C to 752.23°C, respectively. Furthermore, the length of the copper electrode at high temperature is 16 mm. Since the common graphite has the lowest thermal conductivity, higher thermal resistance, at the contact interface, is developed, while the contact heat, transferred to electrode, is reduced. Last, the heat transfer effect of the common graphite is stronger than that of fine graphite, isostatic graphite and molded graphite.
The strength of the ceramic matrix composites under the influence of pore is reviewed
Authors: Lu M Y , Han B H , He W H , Cheng Z G , Yu J F
Published: February 2021

Ceramic matrix composites with strong structural characteristics, is a kind of multiphase materials. Its mechanical properties and the regularity of damage not only depends on the material properties of components, but also depends on the mesoscopic structure characteristics. Past for reinforcement of composite materials, usually by adding inclusions, makes the interface strength is improved. But as a result of the mixed with non-uniformity, and the preparation process to air and other impurities, makes the substrate near the interface of substrate, in particular, inevitable existence of the pore, pore under external load when the crack and then expand, causing material failure. So by studying the material under external load impact, its performance in the damage evolution of mesoscopic level and macro failure, the relationship between material from the mesoscopic level analysis the rule of damage evolution and fracture mechanism, can not only provide theoretical guidance for the preparation of composite materials, but also through the further optimization of material mesoscopic structure to achieve the purpose of design materials. In this paper, the current ceramic matrix composites, has introduced the preparation of defect, defect cause material damage failure occurred, and the research status of the influence of the effective strength of the composites, the composite material related research achievements and disadvantages, on the basis of combining the simulation modeling analysis method for composite material next effective strength problem research was discussed.
Determination of the yield stress in Al thin film by applying bulge test
Authors: Tinoco H A , Holzer J , Pikálek T , Sobota J , Fořt T , Matějka M , Kruml T , Hutař P
Published: February 2021

In this work, we have applied an improved method to determine the yield stress and residual stress in a freestanding thin aluminum film by analysing experimental data obtained by the bulge test. The Al thin film was deposited by a magnetron sputtering technique. The film was cyclically loaded with increasing maximum gas pressure. The method to determine the plasticity parameters is based on the load-deflection relation that presents a linear behavior in the elastic regime when it is scaled with the displacement parameter. The plastic deformation induces nonlinear effects that allow determining the elastic limit of the film. At that point, the gas pressure value that generates the elastoplastic transition is identified on the scaled curve. For a bulged square film, the curvatures are computed from an approximated spatial deflection equation to calculate the stresses within the proposed model. The analysis enables construction of biaxial stress-strain curve for the studied film and determination of the yield stress (132 MPa for the studied film). The second important development of the paper is the methodology which permits the characterization of the residual stress from pressure-stress relation without additional numerical computations.