bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of nutritional support in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Galeeva E. V. , Stepanova A. M. , Kostin A. A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Nutritional support is an important component of multimodal cancer therapy. It is well known that proper nutrition supplemented by necessary nutrients can support muscles and their function, reduce the incidence and severity of complications associated with cancer therapy, and facilitate recovery. Proper nutritional support is planned according to patient’s need for energy (30 kcal / kg body weight per day), protein (1.5 g protein / kg body weight per day), and eicosapentaenoic acid (2 g per day).

Materials and methods. We analyzed the dynamics of nutritional status of 632 cancer patients treated in P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – a branch of the National Medical Radiology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia between 2019 and 2021. Study participants were divided into two groups: experimental (n = 316) and control (n = 316). Patients in the experimental group received proper nutritional support. This study included patients with confirmed gastrointestinal cancers (esophageal and gastric), colon cancer, head and neck cancer, and lung cancer.

Results. Nutritional therapy in the process of drug antitumor treatment has improved the trophological status of patients with tumors of the head and neck, lungs, upper gastrointestinal tract. As a result of the work, there was a tendency to increase the body weight of patients in these subgroups, whereas in the control group there was a statistically significant decrease in body weight compared to the initial indicators by 9.4; 9.5; 5.3 and 9.6 kg, respectively. Also, full clinical nutrition contributed to an increase in the level of total protein in patients with cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract and colon and rectum by 4.0 and 3.7 g/l, respectively, at the level of statistical trend. The level of albumin significantly increased (by 6.6 g/l) only in patients with lung cancer.

Improved nutritional status of patients during their systemic therapy ensured a 6 % reduction in the frequency of intercycle periods, a 0.2–3.4 % reduction in the need for dosage correction, and a 2.9–11.1 % increase in the completeness of cancer therapy stages (trend).

Conclusion. Our findings suggest that additional specialized (oral or enteral) nutritional support during chemotherapy stabilizes body weight and its index, resulting, first of all, in improved tolerability of treatment.
Spine Pathologies in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Review
Authors: Shchurova Elena N. , Ryabykh Sergey O. , Ochirova Polina V. , Popkov Dmitry A. , Ryabykh Tatyana V.
Published: February 2022

Background. The scientific and clinical interest in the problems of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) has grown in the last decade. However, the analysis of various variants of spinal pathologies in OI received insufficient attention.
The study aimed to analyze the current literature on various variants of the spinal pathology in patients with OI. OI is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary bone dysplasias. The spine pathology in OI is represented by scoliosis, kyphoscoliosis, anomalies of the craniovertebral junction, instability of the segments and fractures of the vertebral bodies, spondylolysis, and spondylolisthesis. Scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis are the most common forms of spinal pathology. In severe forms and at age 6 years, the prevalence of scoliosis can reach 89%. The exact mechanism of scoliosis formation in patients with OI is complex and incompletely defined. Anomalies of the craniovertebral junction are recorded in 37% of patients with OI and are determined in all four types of OI. Clinical manifestations of the craniocervical junction pathology can vary from asymptomatic to compression of the brainstem, restriction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation, leading to hydrocephalus, syringomyelia, and cranial nerve damage. The pathology of the lumbosacral spine is represented by spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis generally in the L5S1 segment in 5.3%10.9% of cases. The clinical significance and natural course of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in patients with OI are not fully defined in the literature, and the information on surgical indications and methods is available only in rare case reports. The changes in the axial skeleton in OI can lead to significant functional disability, pain, and potentially life-threatening complications, such as radicular neurological deficit, decrease in the ventilation capacity of the lungs, and cardiorespiratory complications. The overall severity of OI remains the best criterion for predicting the development of secondary spinal pathology. Given the generalization and heterogeneity of OI, an individual and multidisciplinary approach is necessary when diagnosing and planning the treatment strategy for this group of patients.
Un paso práctico hacia la incorporación de los ODS en la planificación y operativa de las organizaciones locales y regionales
Authors: Sánchez López Antonio , Muriel Patino Victoria , Sánchez Macías José Ignacio , Rodríguez López Fernando
Published: February 2022

En esta comunicación se revisan los programas e intervenciones que se han puesto en marcha en las diferentes Comunidades Autónomas españolas desde 2015, tanto a nivel regional como en la esfera local, con el fin de analizar la forma en la que se han incorporado los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en la planificación y la operativa de las entidades políticas de alcance local y regional. El objetivo es poder identificar las principales iniciativas y lecciones aprendidas, con el fin de elaborar una base de buenas prácticas que permita contribuir, desde una perspectiva analítica y universitaria, al logro de los propósitos de la Agenda 2030 de Naciones Unidas por medio de las acciones locales y descentralizadas.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPRESSION OF SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM
Authors: Yoko Kado  , Shigeru Oono  , Takashi Yorifuji  , Aki Mizumoto  , Satoshi Sanada
Published: February 2022

The incidence rate of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has increased steadily over the last decades, and environmental factors are suspected to influence the onset of ASD on the basis of genetic factors. Therefore, we first reviewed the literature on the effects of environmental pollution on the development of ASD, and second, we examined the impact of social environmental factors on two patients with ASD who were followed-up for 13 years by one of the authors. There was serious concern that both air pollution and mercury exposure would affect ASD. During the clinical course of the two patients in this study, ASD symptoms and\or adaptation levels fluctuated several times, and involvement of social environmental factors were noted. Required support should include offering an optimal environment for a long period of time and comprehensive medical, educational, and local community support.
PRESENT SITUATION AND TASKS OF SPECIAL SCHOOLS ON HIGH SCHOOL SECTION FOR STUDENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES IN JAPAN
Authors: Katsunori Furui
Published: February 2022

This study aims to discuss the current situation and the tasks of special schools for high school students with intellectual disabilities in Japan. This study analyzed previous studies. Throughout the curriculum of special schools in relation to high schools, educational practices were conducted for transition to social life\occupational life after graduation. Citizenship education is conducted through lessons of “instruction of domestic and community living skills” and “lifestyle unit-based learning” at some schools. ICT was used in “subjective learning.” Education programs about emotional and behavioral problems, and serious secondary disabilities of students with mild ID are needed. This program is one in which students with mild ID and developmental disabilities promote selfunderstanding and understanding of others. An investigation of graduated students suggested that the high school section provided students with friends, and recreation activity continued after graduation toward a good social and occupational life. Finally, two tasks of special schools（①assessment and support process of serious difficult cases, ②team approach and organized support) were suggested.
PRE-WAR TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH INTELELCTUAL DISABILITIES IN JUVENILE HOMES FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING BASED ON THE 1940 GOVERNMENT SURVEY AND RECORDS IN JAPA
Authors: Yukari Yamazaki
Published: February 2022

This paper is part of a study to clarify the treatment of children with intellectual disabilities in the Homes for Juvenile Training and Education. Befor World War II, there were no legal criteria such as intelligence quotient to enter a juvenile training and education in Japan. In the National Survey by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1940 which was used as the subject of analysis the following two issues were given priority: First, the criteria for admission to the Homes and the treatment of children with intellectual disabilities who were refused admission and second, to clarify in detail the class organization and treatment of those children in the Homes. The results were as follows: in facilities that had criteria for admission, the intelligence quotient (IQ) was used as the admission criterion (the standard was generally 70- 50). However, the actual number of children admitted to the facilities included those who did not meet the criteria for admission. When children with intellectual disabilities were denied admission, mental hospitals and facilities for children with disabilities were judged to be appropriate places for them. However, there were only a few such facilities. The formation of classes in juvenile training schools did not rely on the chronological age of the children, but was done comprehensively based on intelligence quotient, academic ability, and school attendance. In addition, the five facilities that had “special classes” for children with intellectual disabilities and others had, in relative terms, more children and more staff. Special education and treatment for those children included reducing the time for academic study and lengthening the recess time, assigning only farm work, and one-on-one teaching at the children’s speed: all of which were based on the characteristics of mentally handicapped children.
Status and tasks of special education and social welfare system in Korea
Authors: SamSung Kim
Published: February 2022

This article presents the current situation and problems for special education in Korea from four main points of view on ensuring an equal and fair society, increasing support for special education, increasing support for vocational and lifelong education and promote safety for students with disabilities. The article also gives a view on welfare policies system for people with disabilities on five main aspects: social welfare and health; education, culture and sport; economy; increasing rights of benefits and safety for people with disabilities and social inclusion.
Climate change education for children with disabilities toward sustainable develoment
Authors: hoang Thi Nga
Published: February 2022

The article presents the interrelationship between climate change and sustainable development, thereby showing the importance of climate change education for children including children with disabilities to the sustainable development of each country in particular and globally. At the same time, through studying the orientation of climate change education for children in general and the characteristics, abilities and special needs of children with disabilities, the article proposes basic adjustment orientations in climate change education for children with disabilities.
Intergrating climate change coping skills into life skill education in Activities of Daily Living Program (ADL) for children with developmental disorder
Authors: Nguyen Thi Cam Huong , Le Kim Anh , Nguyen Thi Hoa Xuan , Nguyen Kim , Nguyen Nhu Hue , Tran Thi Huong Quynh
Published: February 2022

Children with developmental disorders are one of weak and vulnerable groups in the climate change crisis. In this study we have integrated some climate change coping skills as one of life skills contents according to the Activities of Daily Living Program (ADL) both at the basic and the extension level. These are housework skills, personal hygiene skills, eating skills, mobility, dressing skills... Through group activities, in the form of projects or picnics activities, children know how to recycle paper, paperboard, leaves into decorative objects, eat more vegetables, exercise to promote health, consciously awareness of wearing sunscreen, wearing a mask,... The findings show that this intergrating is appropriate, necessary and effective in raising awareness and skills to cope with climate change for children with disabilities.
E- learning on special education training
Authors: Tran Thi Thiep , Tran Tuyet Anh , Tran Thi Bich Ngoc
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 pandemic creates some emerging opportunities for E-learning, particurlarly in special education. 76 lecturers of 33 universities\colleges in the whole nation providing subject of incluisive education or specific subject for special education were participated into this study. The study result showed that the majority of lecturers have received the benefits of e-learning despite of the fact that level of understanding was not high. Due to limitations on facilities, equypments and online resources E-learning has considered as a temporary alternative teaching path in context of COVID-19. This study also indicated that lecturers desired to reveive such supports of platform, equypments, school policy and regulations to apply E-learning. Moreover, they expected to be trained on virtual teaching skills significantly in searching special education materials for their syllabus or applying support tools for assessment and manage learning process of their students.
Educating adaptive behavior for students with intellectual disabilities in primary school by ecological approach and social behavior mapping through case study
Authors: Vu Duy Chinh
Published: February 2022

The report is made based on a case study of intellectually disabled student on adaptive behavior education according to ecological approach and social behavior mapping. The results show that the adjustment of the material facilities environment, psychological environment at home and school along with the use of an appropriate model of social behavior map has a direct impact on 06 groups ofadaptive behaviors. Before and after the experiment, the level of adaptive behavior improved significantly. All six post-experiment adaptive behavior groups were grade moderate to good. The two domains of adaptive behavior with the best improvement are conformity (implementing classroom rules and regulations) and socialization domains. Four domains: Self-direction; social behavior; Stereotyped and hyperactive behavior; Disturbing Interpersonal Behavior after testing was all good. The research results show that the frequency, degree of environmental adjustment, used social behavior mapping sample have a direct influence on the level adaptive behavior of students with intellectual disabilities in the family and classroom environment. The adaptive behavior education for students with intellectual disabilities according to the ecological approach and the social behavior mapping is completely grounded and feasible to be widely deployed on students with intellectual disabilities of primary school.
Review and built up a professional competency framework for educational support workers in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Thi Bich Ngoc
Published: February 2022

Educational support workers for people with disabilities is a job title regulated in a school to support teachers and parents to taking care and educating people with disabilities. This paper reviewe d some researchs and the fact of competency framework ultilization in some countries and Vietnam. Thus, a competency framework was proposed to build up in Vietnam to help educational managers at all levels in using this framework to deliver some strategies including planning, recruiting and using, training and assessing appropriately.
Victimization in students with developmental disorders
Authors: Le Thi Chinh , Tran Van Cong
Published: February 2022

Students with developmental disorders often meet challenges related to peer relationships when joining inclusive public schools. One of the problems that can cause serious consequences was victimization experience in a various forms. Participant were 69 children aged 6 – 13 years old (86.8% male and 13.2% female) with developmental disorders. These students have been attending inclusive schools. The result showed 29% children were usually victimized. The most popular forms were directly relational victimization. The primary reasons of victimization were limitation and impairments due to developmental disorders in children. The current solutions often focused on supporting to reduce children’s difficulties and teaching them skills. In addition, it is necessary to combine between teachers and parents to understand every child’s needs for enhancing their inclusion.
The possibility to use panel theatre in developing communication skills for children with developmental disorder: from a theoretical point of view
Authors: Nguyen Thi Cam Huong , Bui Ngoc Lan , Nguyen Thi Vy , Nguyen Thi Hoa Xuan , Koga Masako , Le Kim Anh
Published: February 2022

Panel Theatre is a new type of expression method using the context of a theater with simple material made of P paper and felt board at school. Panel theatre helps increase children's concentration, emotion, interest, motivation to speak and ability to respond, and develops their communication skills. Panel Theatre can be used to develop communication skills for children with developmental disorders. Teachers can flexibly change the speed of performance, adjust and sub-divide the content of the drama, adjust the acting in gestures, faces expression, especially adjust words and way of interacting with children, the way of using rhythm to encourage participation and responsiveness, engage children in activities to develop emotions, pleasure and develop basic communication skills. Teachers need to use panel theatre for specific case studies to test the impact of each characteristic element of panel theatre on the development of specific communication skills of children with developmental disorder in the future.
Building educational activities make friend skills for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Nguyen Hoai Thuong , Do Thao , Le Thi Hien
Published: February 2022

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by defects in communication, social interaction and stereotyped behavior. This has greatly affected the ability to establish social relationships, including making friends, maintaining friendships and socializing. The outcomes of building and experimenting with 08 activities are published in this article (Greeting each other; Using the greeting role-playing scenario; Making new friends together; Making friends through real situations; The game "Super surprise"; Resilience; Recognizing situations in need of help; Helping people around). The experimental was conducted for 80 hours individually class and 144 hours in the group class on five adolescents diagnosed with ASD (01 moderate, 03 mild, and 01 high functioning). The experimental results show that the average score improvements of the skill performance level in the cases increase from M = 1.5 to M = 2.87. With a correlation coefficient of Rs = 0.953, the feasibility and effectiveness of educational activities are significantly associated. This result affirms that educational activities are built with practicality, applicability in educational institutions andpositive outcomes in educating adolescents with ASD.
Effects of visual impairment and autism spectrum disorder on 5 - 6 years old children’ development
Authors: Nguyen Thi Tham
Published: February 2022

he combination of two types of disability, which is visual impairment and autism spectrum disorder, affects many areas of development of 5 - 6 years old children. Through a survey of 60 teachers who have been teaching visually impaired children with autism spectrum disorder at specialized and integrated centers of 8 provinces in Vietnam, it has been shown that the visual impairment and autism spectrum disorder have a great influence on areas of cognition, language, motor, mobility, self-service, and social skills. Research results show that the greatest influence of visual impairment with autism spectrum disorder on children is on social communication problems with = 4.0 and on language development with = 3.9 (very influential level). From determining this level, it will help teachers, families, and special education professionals have assessments and plans to support each specific area for children.
Assessment of the status of problem-solving capacity in interpersonal interaction of students in grade 3
Authors: Nguyen Thi My Linh , Nguyen Cong Khanh
Published: February 2022

Problem-solving ability is one of the core common competencies which is necessary to be formed at an early age for primary school students. The survey results on 437 third grade students at some primary schools in 4 provinces including Hanoi, Hai Phong, Hue, and Ho Chi Minh City showed that the majority of surveyed children have the level of expression of interpersonal problem-solving ability at medium and low. There is a difference in the level of expression of interpersonal problem-solving ability by gender, but this difference is insignificant and not statistically insignificant. The paper also points out some factors (including subjective and objective) that could affect the interpersonal problem-solving ability of 3rd school students in particular and elementary students in general. The article also points out a number of factors (both subjective and objective) that have a certain influence on the interpersonal problem solving ability of students in grade 3 as well as some limitations and directions for further research.
Comparison of thyroid hormone status between pre-eclampsia and normotensive pregnancy after 37 weeks
Authors: Aravazhi Mahalakshmi , Ajit Rashmi , Breetha V. , Sruthi S.
Published: February 2022

Background: Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in developing countries and is associated with a fivefold increase in perinatal mortality. The mechanism of hypothyroidism in pre-eclampsia is controversial and may be related to decreased plasma protein concentrations and increased endothelin levels.Methods: This was a prospective comparative study in 100 women; out of them, 50 were normal pregnant women in the control group and 50 preeclamptic women in the case group. Thyroid hormones, total FT3, FT4 and TSH were analyzed in these subjects. The cases of pre-eclampsia characterized by elevation of blood pressure of more than 140 mmHg systolic or more than 90 mmHg diastolic with proteinuria (more than 300 mg/l in 24 hours specimen) after 37 weeks of gestation in previously normotensive nonproteinuric pregnant women.Results: Incidence of hypothyroidism is high in the study group (30%) compared to the control (14%). Furthermore, the maximum subjects were observed with euthyroidism 43 (86%) in the control group, whereas subclinical hypothyroidism 23 (46%) was observed highest in the preeclamptic group. Out of the 50 preeclamptic patients, 13 (26%) belonged to the severe whereas 37 (74%) belonged to the mild pre-eclampsia group.Conclusions: The study concluded that the pre-eclamptics have a higher incidence of hypothyroidism (SCH) in contrast to the normotensive women, and there is a correlation between the severity of pre-eclampsia and hypothyroidism.
COVID-19 infection and vaccination status among health care workers in a tertiary care setting in Central Kerala
Authors: Bhaskar Anitha , Akshayakumar Sobha , Murali Asha Joan , Alexander Vipin Sam
Published: February 2022

Background: With the emergence of several new variants of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus disease-2 (SARS-CoV 2) virus, concerns regarding the effectiveness of vaccines arise and the threat of breakthrough infections increase. This study was conducted among health care workers who developed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection to assess their vaccination status and describe their morbidity profile.Methods: A record based descriptive study was conducted among staff of Govt medical College, Kottayam, who became COVID-19 positive between March 2021 and September 2021, using a structured proforma. Data was coded and entered in Excel sheet and analysis was done using IBM Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.Results: A total of 444 health care workers at Govt College Kottayam tested positive for COVID-19 during the study period. 369 of the health care workers had taken at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, of which 273 (61.4%) were fully vaccinated. As on 31st August 2021, 4917 health care workers have been fully vaccinated, therefore the breakthrough infection rate in the present study was 5.6%. Of those with breakthrough infection 63% were females, 23.1% had history of comorbidities, and 88.6% were symptomatic. The mean interval between receipt of second dose of vaccine and diagnosis was 99 days (range between 16 and 24).Conclusions: Breakthrough infection rate of 5.6% among health care workers presents a major public health challenge in ending the pandemic. Further studies including genomic variant analysis would be more helpful especially with in wake of new variants.
Una aproximación a dos casos colombianos de políticas orientadas por misiones
Authors: Hernández Iván , Castellanos Gonzalo , Gómez León Andrés , Bermeo-Andrade Helga Patricia , Sosa Bautista Sergio , Penna Caetano C. R. , Radaelli Vanderléia
Published: February 2022

Las políticas orientadas por misiones (POM) conducen a la acción dentro de un marco audaz de amplia relevancia social, dirección clara y orientada a actividades de innovación ambiciosas. Además, van más allá de la simple formulación y diseño de políticas, ya que también apoyan su implementación, ejecución y evaluación. Esta forma de diseño de políticas públicas tiene amplia presencia en los países desarrollados y está mostrando signos de adopción en los países de América Latina, incluido Colombia. En consideración de esta tendencia, esta publicación se basa en los enfoques definidos a priori en el enfoque teórico de las POM con el fin de validar, a posteriori, dos casos colombianos de políticas públicas guiadas por misiones y mediadas por procesos de innovación en un sentido amplio. Los casos analizados son el programa regional Medellín la más educada (MLME) y el Programa Nacional de Fibra óptica (PNFO). A partir ellos, se extraen lecciones de interés para los encargados de formular e implementar políticas públicas.
El papel de las ciencias del comportamiento en la reducción de la brecha de género
Authors: Rojas Mendez Ana María
Published: February 2022

Pese a los avances recientes en la reducción de la brecha de género, las normas sociales vigentes y los estereotipos de género todavía asignan roles, capacidades y responsabilidades diferenciadas entre mujeres y hombres. En América Latina y el Caribe, las disparidades en materia de salarios, estabilidad laboral y distribución de las tareas domésticas y de cuidado infantil no remuneradas la llamada “doble carga” del empleo-- son especialmente notorias, y la pandemia COVID-19 no ha hecho otra cosa que agravar la situación de las mujeres en estos y otros entornos. Con esta nota de política se busca informar la discusión sobre cómo cerrar la brecha de género desde la perspectiva de las ciencias del comportamiento. La idea es promover el diseño de políticas y estructuras de incentivos que tengan en cuenta factores cruciales en el proceso de toma de decisiones de las beneficiarias. Herramientas como los modelos a seguir y otros efectos de pares, los microincentivos y las capacitaciones en habilidades socioemocionales, entre otras, pueden emplearse para combatir todo un conjunto de creencias, normas sociales y patrones culturales restrictivos que todavía imperan en América Latina, el Caribe y en el mundo en general. Continuar los esfuerzos encaminados a reducir las disparidades de género no solo beneficiaría a las mujeres; la evidencia apunta a que su participación mejora los resultados económicos, impulsa una mayor inversión en protección social, conduce a una paz más sostenible y promueve la acción climática.
New Products, New Markets: Dragon Fruit in Ecuador
Authors: Barrera Victor , Villacis Alexis , Alwang Jeffrey , Escudero Luis ,   IDB Invest
Published: February 2022

Expanding incomes in Asian countries and changes in fresh-fruit value chains have created an important niche for producers of dragon fruit. Ecuadorean producers have responded and taken advantage of these evolving opportunities and market dynamism. By customizing their products to the specific demands of target markets and complying with the standards imposed by modern buyers, Ecuadorian exporters of dragon fruit demonstrate how challenges related to and opportunities in agri-food markets evolution can be met. This study documents the development of the dragon fruit market in Ecuador, with a special emphasis on the analysis of its value chain. The study additionally identifies and analyzes the main drivers of the success of the production and exports of the fruit and examines the main challenges and needs for improved public policies to promote sustainable growth of the sector. Findings are complemented with interviews conducted with the principal actors in the Ecuadorian dragon fruit industry, as well as a case study that involves several relatively recently formed dragon fruit-producing companies in the Amazon region of the country.
Fallas en el mercado de medicamentos genéricos en Chile y recomendaciones para mejorar la competencia
Authors: Flores Arenas Bárbara , Rodríguez Lesmes Paul
Published: February 2022

Esta nota técnica analiza el mercado de medicamentos genéricos y su nivel de competencia en Chile. Existe consenso sobre los beneficios generados por la existencia e incremento en la disponibilidad de genéricos, cuando caduca la patente del original, aumentan las alternativas de sustitutos disponibles en el mercado, disminuyendo los precios y mejorando la asequibilidad de medicamentos. Sin embargo, en la práctica, el funcionamiento del mercado de medicamentos presenta fallas que limitan los niveles de competencia aun cuando se han vencido las patentes. Adicionalmente, la nota indaga en las causas que limitan la competencia y su efecto sobre el precio final que enfrentan los consumidores. Para proponer recomendaciones concretas de política pública para el contexto chileno. En particular, el estudio presenta tres análisis cuantitativos de concentración de mercado: a nivel de los hogares, a nivel de las compras públicas y a nivel de las farmacias. Esta desagregación es importante, ya que, el nivel de competencia y las políticas para fomentarla suelen variar según el canal de adquisición de medicamentos. A partir de los resultados obtenidos y de un análisis cualitativo de entrevistas a actores clave, surgen recomendaciones que se clasifican en torno a un nivel macro o sistémico y según actor: distribuidores, prescriptores y pacientes. Más allá de que cada uno, presenta sus propias particularidades, para lograr eficiencia en el gasto público y privado en medicamentos se requiere de esfuerzos colectivos y de políticas complementarias entre los diferentes niveles del mercado.
Клинико-функциональная оценка пациентов с коксартрозом
Authors: Насирли Д.А.
Published: February 2022

При изучении наиболее распространенных факторов риска развития коксартроза было выделено несколько вариантов течения заболевания с учетом возрастного фактора (I группа), посттравматического фактора (II группа), метаболического фактора (III группа) и полиэтиологического характера процесса (IV группа). Количество пациентов в каждой группе составило 40 человек. Итого в четырех группах было 160 пациентов, причем представителей женского пола было больше, чем мужчин. Оценку артрологического статуса всех больных проводили посредством использования шкал, опросников, рекомендованных OARSI. Опросник WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index). Индекс Лекена оценивали по опроснику с градацией ответов по бальной системе. Интенсивность болевого синдрома определяли с помощью Визуальной аналоговой шкалы (ВАШ) в см от 0 до 10. Минимальные показатели по среднему уровню боли по ВАШ были выявлены в первой и четвертой группах обследуемых больных. Выраженность боли, скованности и функциональной недостаточности по шкале WOMAC находились в более широких, по сравнению с другими группами, пределах в группе больных с метаболическими нарушениями, при этом, наибольшие значения приходились на функциональные расстройства. Относительно индекса Лекена, значения равные 15 баллам, соответствовали резко выраженному коксартрозу. По итоговому количеству баллов по опроснику WOMAC достоверные отличия были выявлены при сравнении возрастного, посттравматического и метаболического типов коксартроза. Анализ показателей, полученных при анкетировании по индексу Лекена, обнаружил наименьшее значение в баллах во второй группе, где оно достоверно отличалось от показателей первой и третьей групп.
Технология цифровых двойников и её применение в современном мире
Authors: Болбаков Р.Г. , Павлова Е.С. , Семенихин А.О.
Published: February 2022

В статье рассматривается понятие цифрового двойника, методы их разработки, самые популярные среды разработки 3D моделей и среды визуализации 3D проектов. Также в статье рассматривается применение цифровых двойников в современном мире и их дальнейшее развитие в тех или иных областях.
Методика организации развития коммуникативных умений говорения у старшеклассников
Authors: Крамар К.Н.
Published: February 2022

Целью исследования является определение эффективного метода запоминания лексических единиц для контроля развития навыка говорения в старшей школе. В статье проясняется роль методических принципов обучения иностранным языкам, успешность которого во многом зависит от их реализации. Научная новизна исследования заключается в обосновании эффективного метода запоминания лексических единиц - построения ассоциаций. Показано, что ассоциированные слова соответствуют цели усвоения реального школьного словаря: свободно употреблять слова и словосочетания для выражения мыслей и понимания высказывания собеседника при чтении в рамках материала программы.
Современное олимпийское движение: рестроспективный анализ и современный взгляд
Authors: Ким Л.А. , Костылева И.А. , Захарченко А.Е.
Published: February 2022

В данной статье рассматривается специфика организации Олимпийского движения. Анализируются исторические аспекты появления Олимпийских игр и их модернизации со временем. Характеризуются значимые достижения спортсменов Олимпийских игр. Формулируется значение Олимпийского движения для современного общества.
Личность несовершеннолетнего преступника
Authors: Чумакова А.Д.
Published: February 2022

В статье проводится анализ личности несовершеннолетнего преступника с позиции социально- криминологической характеристики. Также рассматриваются типовыми признаки несовершеннолетних правонарушителей, способствующие комплексной работе правоохранительных органов по профилактике и предупреждению подростковой делинквентности.
Zjawisko „fotografii fotografii”, czyli interpretacja zdjęć, które komentują same siebie
Authors: Frąckowiak Maciej
Published: February 2022

W niniejszym artykule krytyczna analiza fotografii Thomasa Strutha - zawarta w części pierwszej - staje się pretekstem do socjologicznej interpretacji specyficznego sposobu fotografowania. Tematem rozważanych zdjęć staje się fotografia w świecie społecznym - użytki, które się z niej czyni, relacje i zniekształcenia, którym podlega przedstawiana za jej pośrednictwem rzeczywistość. Z perspektywy socjologii wizualnej ta tematyczna zmiana wydaje się jednak prawdziwie interesującą dopiero wtedy, gdy rozważyć ją również na planie współczesnego statusu samych zdjęć, a więc interpretować ją na tle przemian w funkcjach i sposobach, w jakich je dziś używamy i teoretyzujemy o nich. Takim refleksjom poświęcona jest druga cześć tego tekstu. Przyglądam się w niej fotografii w teorii, albumie, galerii, reklamie i krytyce, analizując produkty tych praktyk w optyce - wypracowywanej w trakcie niniejszych rozważań - kategorii „fotografii fotografii”; kategorii, którą proponuję potraktować nie tylko jako lakmus współczesnego porządku wizualnego, ale także jako stabilizator tego porządku.
Filmallegorien der Nationen. Über die Position der Zuschauenden
Authors: Gradinari Irina
Published: February 2022

Das Kino hat neue Formen der Kollektivität geschaffen, nämlich einen identitätspolitischen und affektiven Anschluss der Zuschauenden an einen Staat, eine Nation und die Macht der Geschichte. Dieser Anschluss wird zunächst mit dem Neologismus Staatsgenre diskutiert, um die sozialpolitische Hierarchisierung der Genres und deren Produktions- und Rezeptionsbedingungen zu konzeptualisieren. In Anlehnung an feministische Theorien der Zuschauenden wird daraufhin versucht, eine Sehperspektive zu erfassen, die an der Gemeinschaftsbildung beteiligt wird. In diesem Zusammenhang wird zum einen der narratologische Ansatz von Teresa de Lauretis interessant, mit dem Identifikationsprozesse mit dem Bild beschrieben werden. Zum anderen wird die Allegorie als eine affektive Figur gedacht, mit der die Zuschauenden performativ eine exzentrische Position erlangen bzw. mit der Abstrahierung des Bildes zur Allegorie die Umwandlung mitvollziehen. Diesen Prozessen können sich die Zuschauenden nicht entziehen, weil es um deren affektive Überwältigung durch die Bilder geht, die u.a. durch die Auflösung der Gendersemantiken bedingt wird. Als Beispiel fungiert der oscarprämierte Blockbuster Saving Private Ryan (USA 1998).
Pendekatan Etnofarmasi Tumbuhan Obat Imunomodulator Suku Tengger Desa Ngadas, Kabupaten Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Bhagawan Weka Sidha , Aziz Yaya Sulthon , Teguh Pamungkas Rizki Putra
Published: February 2022

Background: Ethnopharmaceutical is an approach that is emphasized to explore and inventory the local knowledge of an ethnic community or group about the use of a substance for treatment. The Tengger tribe is one of the tribes in Indonesia that still maintains knowledge of medicine from their ancestors.This study documents medicinal plant species and traditional knowledge related to the immunomodulators of the Tengger tribe who inhabit Ngadas village in TNBTS, Indonesia.Methods: This study uses the Snowball Sampling method which begins with the determination of the key sample with purposive sampling. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by UV, ICF, and FL.Results: This study documented 21 types of traditional medicinal plants belonging to 18 families used to treat 8 types of diseases of the human immune system. The data collection on the 10 selected immunomodulatory medicinal plants showed that the leaves, decoction, and oral use were the highest yields.Conclusion: Use Value, Informant Consensus Factor, and Fidelity Level value of recorded immunomodulatory medicinal plant species will provide a phytochemical basis reference in the discovery of new active compounds in the future and conservation practices In this regard, it is necessary to pay attention to the conservation of traditional medicinal plants and indigenous knowledge related to medicine in the Tengger tribe of Ngadas Village to preserve them in the future.
The Effect Of Beetroot Juice (Beta Vulgaris L) And Star Fruit (Averrhoa Carambola L) On The Reduction Of Blood Pressure In Second Trimester Pregnant Women With Gestational Hypertension
Authors: Retnaningsih Reny , Wijayanti Tut Rayani Aksohini
Published: February 2022

Background: Gestational hypertension is usually defined as high bloodpressure that develops after 20 weeks of gestation in the absence ofproteinuria. Beets and star fruit contain vitamins and minerals such as Bvitamins and calcium, potassium, phosphorus, and iron, which can safelylower blood pressure in pregnancy.Objective: Determine the effect ofbeetroot juice (Beta vulgaris L) and star fruit (Averrhoacarambola L) on reducing blood pressure in pregnant women in the second trimester with gestational hypertension.Method: This pre-experimental research was a one-group pretest-posttest design with 200 ml/day of beet and starfruit juiceintervention for two weeks. The samples taken were 15 second trimesterpregnant women with gestational hypertension.The data taken is bloodpressure before and after treatment—data analysis using paired t-test.Results: data onthe mean systolic blood pressure before treatment is 146.53mmHg and after treatment is 126.07 mmHg and the average diastolic blood pressure before treatment is 94.53 mmHg and after treatment is 91.13mmHg. There is an effect of beet and star fruit juice administration onsystolic and diastolic blood pressure in second-trimester pregnant womenwith gestational hypertension (p 0.05).Conclusion : pregnant women withgestational hypertension is to treat hypertension using beet and starfruit juice so that hypertension can be treated immediately.Keywords: Beetroot Juice, Beta vulgaris L , Star Fruit , Averrhoa carambola L, Gestational Hypertension
Hubungan antara Durasi Tidur dengan Asupan Makan, Aktivitas Fisik dan Kejadian Obesitas Pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Authors: Rahmawati Ermin , Firdaningrum Nimas Eka , Agoes Achdiat
Published: February 2022

Durasi tidur yang pendek merupakan masalah yang kerap dihadapi oleh mahasiswa kedokteran. Disisi lain, obesitas merupakan salah satu masalah gizi utama di dunia termasuk Indonesia, dengan salah satu faktor resiko yaitu gangguan fungsi tidur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti hubungan antara durasi tidur dengan asupan makan, aktivitas fisik dan kejadian obesitas pada mahasiswa PSPD UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross sectional dengan teknik cluster sampling. Sebanyak 78 mahasiswa PSPD UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang berpartisipasi sebagai responden penelitian ini. Durasi tidur diukur dengan menggunakan kuisioner Rerata Durasi Tidur dalam 1 minggu, asupan makan diukur dengan kuisioner 24 Hours Food Recall, aktivitas fisik diukur dengan kuisioner GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) dan kejadian obesitas dinilai dari BMI (Body Mass Index), BMI diukur dengan menggunakan timbangan berat badan dan tinggi badan SMIC ZT-120. Data yang diperoleh diolah mengggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial, dengan uji analisis chi-square. Dari total 78 responden, didapatkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa memiliki durasi tidur yang buruk (6 jam; 53,8%), sedangkan mahasiswa yang memiliki durasi tidur cukup (6 jam) sebesar 28,2% dan durasi tidur baik (7-9 jam) sebesar 17,9%. Hasil analisis chi-square menunjukkan bahwa durasi tidur memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan asupan makan (p-value= 0,000) dan kejadian obeistas (p-value= 0,000), tetapi durasi tidur tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan aktivitas fisik (p-value= 0,171). Durasi tidur yang buruk memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian obesitas melalui asupan makan, tapi tidak dengan aktivitas fisik.Kata kunci : Kata kunci : Body Mass Index, Asupan Makan, Kejadian Obesitas, Aktivitas Fisik, Durasi Tidur
Hubungan Tingkat Ansietas Terhadap Quality of life Pada ODHA
Authors: Daramatasia Wira , Kurniyanti Mizam Ari
Published: February 2022

Background: HIV/AIDS is one of the worst pandemics, in addition to the physical impact psikososial that make fear. Increased anxiety can affect the quality of life in ODHA. Objectif : The research aims is to understand the anxiety in the quality of life of patients odha in peer support groups JCC+. Methods : This research using analytic observational with the approach of cross sectional. Respondents were 40 taken with purposive approach based on techniques of sampling from 367 responden that include in the criteria and ekslusi who join the KDS JCC. Quality of life ODHA assessed using a questioner WHOQOLHIV BREF, anxiety levels measured by the questionnaire zung self-rating anxiety scale ( ZSAS). Data analysis using spearman test to test relation between levels of anxiety with Qol with the level of significance 5 %.. Results: The results of research related to the quality of life based on 6 ODHA, domain to have enough physical domain category of 52,5 %, psychological domain have good category of 75 %, the domain independence have quite as much as 70 %, category domain have enough social category of 52,5 %, the domain ward having good category of 52,5 % religious and spiritual domain / having good category of 70 %. The anxiety on the majority of 85 odha % is categorized as a mild anxiety .There is a significant relation exists between the level of anxiety with a domain ODHA quality of life. Conclusion : The conclusion of a significant relation exists between the level of anxiety in the quality of life of the majority of 85 odha.tingkat anxiety on odha % is categorized as a mild anxiety .There is a significant relation exists between the level of anxiety with a domain odha quality of life (r1=-0,1258 , r2=-0,1144, r3=-0,0533, r4=-0,1258, r5=-0,1398, dan r6=-0,0609) .The conclusion of a significant relation exists between the level of anxiety by odha quality of life.
Hubungan Jumlah Rakaat Salat Dhuha terhadap Peningkatan Detak Jantung
Authors: Prasetya Moch.Arief , Hasan Muhammad , Sofiana Kristianningrum Dian
Published: February 2022

Salat is a muslim worship performed with the movement and reading. Salat types of physical activity with light intensity that can affect heart rate. Heart rate increases in physical activity according to the increase in intensity. This study aims to determine correlation of the number rakaat salat dhuha for increased heart rate. This type of research is analytic observational with a quasi experimental design. The total sample of 42 is divided into 6 treatments, each treatment contains 7 respondents. The sampling technique used a simple random sampling method. The research was conducted from November 2020 to April 2021 using respondents' observations. Data analysis used One Way Anova test and Pearson test. The results of the One Way Anova test, which is a significance value of 0.001 indicating that there is a difference in the increase in heart rate prayer intensity and the results of the Pearson test analysis, namely the value of r or the correlation coefficient of 0.637 and a significant value of=0.00 shows a strong relationship between prayer intensity and an increase in heart rate. The conclusion of this study is that the addition of rakaat salat dhuha increases the heart rateKeyword: Heart Rate, Salat Dhuha