bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Christian Habitus
Authors: Kopack Austin C.
Published: September 2021

What is the relationship between preaching and living the Gospel? It is within the daily habits of those attempting to live out the Gospel together that preaching becomes intelligible and applicable. Sound preaching alone will fail to produce a transformed people whose lives reflect the teachings of scripture. This paper brings together the linguistic philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and the theological anthropology of James K. A. Smith in order to develop an affective pedagogy that takes seriously the socially dependent nature of human persons. The social account of language proposed in the later Wittgenstein suggests that the meaning of concepts arises amongst pre-linguistic, embodied, communal practices. Theological language cannot be detached from its concrete expressions in the world because its meaning is dependent upon a communal form of life in which those concepts make sense. James K. A. Smith builds upon this pragmatist tradition to present a theory of doctrine and preaching grounded in liturgical practices that does justice to human physicality and characterizes all human practices, religious or otherwise, as structures of habitual formation with particular teloi. The Gospel, then, is not just a truth we learn to believe but a way of life that we come to embody contra competing “cultural liturgies.”
Coupling between motor cortex and striatum increases during sleep over long-term skill learning
Authors: Lemke Stefan M , Ramanathan Dhakshin S , Darevksy David , Egert Daniel , Berke Joshua D , Ganguly Karunesh
Published: September 2021

The strength of cortical connectivity to the striatum influences the balance between behavioral variability and stability. Learning to consistently produce a skilled action requires plasticity in corticostriatal connectivity associated with repeated training of the action. However, it remains unknown whether such corticostriatal plasticity occurs during training itself or ‘offline’ during time away from training, such as sleep. Here, we monitor the corticostriatal network throughout long-term skill learning in rats and find that non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep is a relevant period for corticostriatal plasticity. We first show that the offline activation of striatal NMDA receptors is required for skill learning. We then show that corticostriatal functional connectivity increases offline, coupled to emerging consistent skilled movements, and coupled cross-area neural dynamics. We then identify NREM sleep spindles as uniquely poised to mediate corticostriatal plasticity, through interactions with slow oscillations. Our results provide evidence that sleep shapes cross-area coupling required for skill learning.
End-of-life targeted degradation of DAF-2 insulin/IGF-1 receptor promotes longevity free from growth-related pathologies
Authors: Venz Richard , Pekec Tina , Katic Iskra , Ciosk Rafal , Ewald Collin Yvès
Published: September 2021

Preferably, lifespan-extending therapies should work when applied late in life without causing undesired pathologies. Reducing insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling (IIS) increases lifespan across species, but the effects of reduced IIS interventions in extreme geriatric ages remains unknown. Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we engineered the conditional depletion of the DAF-2/insulin/IGF-1 transmembrane receptor using an auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system. This allowed for the temporal and spatial reduction in DAF-2 protein levels at time points after which interventions such as RNAi become ineffective. Using this system, we found that AID-mediated depletion of DAF-2 protein surpasses the longevity of daf-2 mutants. Depletion of DAF-2 during early adulthood resulted in multiple adverse phenotypes, including growth retardation, germline shrinkage, egg retention, and reduced brood size. By contrast, AID-mediated depletion of DAF-2 post-reproduction, or specifically in the intestine in early adulthood, resulted in an extension of lifespan without these deleterious effects. Strikingly, at geriatric ages, when 75% of the population had died, AID-mediated depletion of DAF-2 protein resulted in a doubling in lifespan. Thus, we provide a proof-of-concept that even close to the end of an individual’s lifespan, it is possible to slow aging and promote longevity.
Carbon and nitrogen metabolism under nitrogen variation affects flavonoid accumulation in the leaves of Coreopsis tinctoria
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Jiang Hong , Yan Huizhuan , Jiang Xiumei , Ma Yan , Qin Yong
Published: September 2021

Flavonoids are phytochemicals present in medicinal plants and contribute to human health. Coreopsis tinctoria, a species rich in flavonoids, has long been used in traditional medicine and as a food resource. N (nitrogen) fertilization can reduce flavonoid accumulation in C. tinctoria. However, there is limited knowledge regarding N regulatory mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of N availability on flavonoid biosynthesis in C. tinctoria and to investigate the relationship between C (carbon) and N metabolism coupled with flavonoid synthesis under controlled conditions. C. tinctoria seedlings were grown hydroponically under five different N levels (0, 0.625, 1.250, 2.500 and 5.000 mM). The related indexes of C, N and flavonoid metabolism of C. tinctoria under N variation were measured and analysed. N availability (low and moderate N levels) regulates enzyme activities related to C and N metabolism, promotes the accumulation of carbohydrates, reduces N metabolite levels, and enhances the internal C/N balance. The flavonoid content in roots and stalks remained relatively stable, while that in leaves peaked at low or intermediate N levels. Flavonoids are closely related to phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and chalcone-thioase (CHS) activity, significantly positively correlated with carbohydrates and negatively correlated with N metabolites. Thus, C and N metabolism can not only control the distribution of C in amino acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis pathways but also change the distribution in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, which also provides meaningful information for maintaining high yields while ensuring the nutritional value of crop plants.
Rule-Based Expert System for Assist Physician to Diagnosis of Malaria: XPerMal
Authors: Matumueni Humberto Cuteso
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, common diseases like malaria, typhoid and cholera become more dangerous problems for people living in this world. The objective is how it can avoid the queue of patients in hospital. In this article, the author has proposed a model of expert systems using the knowledge of physician and other health professionals. The rule based expert system XPerMal useful for patients infected with common diseases and this system will give an answer as similar to a doctor or medical expert and also this system is very useful in rural areas where we have young medical experts or have no medical expert. The reasoning strategy is a key element in many medical tasks. It is well known that developing countries face a shortage of medical expertise in the medical sciences. Patients also find a huge queue in hospitals. Because of this, they are unable to provide good medical services to their inhabitants. The knowledge is acquired from literature review and human experts in the specific field and is used as a basis for analysis, diagnosis and decision-making. Knowledge is represented by an integrated formalism that combines rules and facts.
Implications of Climate Targets at a Local Level: The Study of Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India
Authors: Sahu Sonam , Saizen Izuru
Published: September 2021

Paris agreement’s 2°C target has set a goal for the entire World to reduce emissions. Simultaneously, the countries which are a party to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are also required to set voluntary national climate targets to reduce emissions. For achieving these targets, mitigations efforts have to be made at every possible level, especially from the metropolitan cities as they are the prominent source of emissions. This raises the requirement of elucidating the meaning of climate targets at local levels. In this context, the present study tries to interpret the global and national targets at the level of a metropolitan region and quantify the amount of emission reduction required. Mumbai Metropolitan Region in India was studied for this purpose. Paris Agreement’s 2°C target as a global target and India’s climate target defined in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions as the national target were studied. These climate targets were translated into emission budgets for Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Comparing these with Mumbai Metropolitan Region’s emission forecast showed that it requires a 16.8% reduction to meet the national target while a 40% to 47% reduction to meet the global target. The results are significant for policy makers and planners to design focused mitigation policies and support national efforts to govern climate change.
Chronic Low Back Pain Manifestation among Bank Workers in Southern Nigeria: A Current Disorder Exacerbated by Long Hours on Uncomfortable Chairs
Authors: Renner Briggs, Bieye , Huldah Hanson Asikiya
Published: September 2021

Banks play key roles in the economies of the world. The bank industry determines the growth of economies in all countries, as a result, workers in this industry are subjected to conditions geared towards getting the highest degree of performance from them consistently. Most of their time is spent sitting down, using computers, assuming bent postures, doing repetitive work, and sometimes without enough breaks in-between hours can predispose them to occupational hazards. This study aims to determine the prevalence of chronic low back pain among bank workers in Port Harcourt Metropolis through its associated risk factors. The study design was descriptive cross-sectional. The sample (N=332) consisted of 332 employees from twelve banks. A self-administered, closed-ended, structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and a Chi-square test (p=0.05) and odds ratio with a corresponding 95 % confidence interval was obtained. Results:  Showed significant relationship between age and chronic low back pain [OR=2.87; 95 % CI=1.75 – 4.72; p=0.001], length of time in seated position had significant relationship between workers that sat for six hours and above and chronic LBP (OR=1.89; p=0.01; 95 % CI: 1.16-3.06). Also, respondents who do not sit in a comfortable seat at the office were 2.60 times more at odds of experiencing chronic low back pain compared to respondents whose seats are comfortable (OR=2.60; p=0.001; 95% CI: 1.51-4.45). Conclusion: This study shows that the risk factors of a long hour of sitting, uncomfortable chair, bent posture leads to chronic low back pain over time. Therefore, it is recommended that proper break time be observed, right ergonomics to prevent twisting the back.
PENGARUH GREEN PRODUCT TERHADAP MINAT BELI ULANG KONSUMEN MELALUI GREEN ADVERTISING (Studi Terhadap Konsumen Starbucks)
Authors: Putra Dicky R. , Prasetyawati Yuliana R.
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh Green Product Reusable Color Changing Cups terhadap minat beli ulang konsumen Starbucks melalui Green Advertising yang ada di akun Instagram @starbucksindonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis jalur melalui kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 80 responden yang merupakan followers Instagram @starbucksindonesia yang menggunakan Reusable Color Changing Cups di Sahid Sudirman Center. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Green Product berpengaruh positif terhadap minat beli ulang yang dimediasi oleh Green Advertising di Instagram @starbucksindonesia. Starbucks harus terus mempertahankan Green Product yang diusung dan ditunjang untuk terus berinovasi dalam menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas dan ramah lingkungan, didukung juga dengan iklan yang menarik konsumen melalui media yang potensial, seperti Instagram.
Comparison of combinations of irradiation techniques and jaw conditions in intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for lung cancer
Authors: Peng Qinghe , Shi Junyue , Zhang Jun , Li Qiwen , Li Zhenghuan , Zhang Qingyuan , Peng Yinglin , Chen Li
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To assist in the selection of a suitable combination of an irradiation technique and jaw condition in intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric‐modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) for lung cancer treatment plans.

Materials and methods

Thirty patients with lung cancer who underwent radiotherapy were enrolled retrospectively. They were categorized as having central lung cancer, peripheral lung cancer with mediastinal lymph node metastasis (peripheral E lung cancer), and peripheral lung cancer without mediastinal lymph node metastasis (peripheral N lung cancer). Four treatment plans were designed for each patient: fixed jaw and adaptive jaw IMRT technique (FJ‐IMRT and JA‐IMRT), and fixed jaw and jaw tracking VMAT technique (FJ‐VMAT and JT‐VMAT). The dose parameters of the four group plans were compared and analyzed.

Results

Compared to FJ‐IMRT, JA‐IMRT significantly reduced the mean dose (Dmean) and volume percentage of 5 Gy (V5Gy) of the total lung in central and peripheral N lung cancer. Similarly, compared to FJ‐VMAT, JT‐VMAT provided better protection to most organs at risk (OARs), particularly for total lung and heart. In comparison with IMRT, VMAT significantly improved the conformity index (CI) of the planning target volume for the three lung cancer classifications, and it reduced the dose of almost all OARs except V5Gy and Dmean of the total lung. Moreover, the mean monitor units of the VMAT groups were far lower than the IMRT groups.

Conclusion

Based on the dosimetric findings and considering clinical data published on lung and heart side effects, we propose recommendations on the preferred treatment technique based on tumor location and pulmonary function. For central lung cancer with normal pulmonary function, we advise JT‐VMAT techniques. Conversely, for central lung cancer with poor pulmonary function, we recommend JA‐IMRT techniques. We advocate JA‐IMRT for peripheral E lung cancer. For peripheral N lung cancer, JT‐VMAT techniques are strongly recommended.
A case study of cost‐benefit analysis in occupational radiological protection within the healthcare system of Sweden
Authors: Engström Andreas , Isaksson Mats , Javid Reza , Lundh Charlotta , Båth Magnus
Published: September 2021

The aim of the present study was to demonstrate cases of cost‐benefit analysis within healthcare, of how economic factors can be considered in occupational radiological protection, in agreement with the as low as reasonably achievable principle and present Swedish legislations.

In the first part of the present study, a comparison of examples within health economics used by authorities and institutes in Sweden was made. The comparison focused on value of a statistical life, quality‐adjusted life year, and monetary cost assigned to a unit of collective dose for radiation protection purposes (α‐value). By this comparison, an α‐value was determined as an interval between $45 and $450 per man‐mSv, for the Swedish society in 2021. The α‐value interval can be interpreted as following:

Less than $45 per man‐mSv is a good investment.

From $45 to $450 per man‐mSv, other factors than costs and collective dose are important to consider.

More than $450 per man‐mSv is too expensive.

In the second part of the present study, seven cases of cost‐benefit analyses in occupational radiological protection were provided. The present study focused specifically on cases where the relevant factors were costs and collective dose. The present case study shows a large variation in costs per collective dose from different types of occupational radiological protection, used at Skaraborg Hospital in Sweden.
Opioid settlement money for treatment? It's up to the states
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2021

The settlement money coming from the Purdue bankruptcy is touted by many as going to the catchall category of “treatment,” as in “treatment, prevention, recovery and harm reduction.” But in fact, there is no guarantee it is going to any of those things, ADAW has learned. It's up to each state.
NYCLU wins fight to allow jail inmate to have methadone
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2021

Last week, a federal court sided with the New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU) and methadone patients who are incarcerated. The NYCLU sued Jefferson County over the local jail's removing a patient (called “P.G.” in the lawsuit) from methadone treatment.
White House Recovery Month focuses on ‘all Americans’
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2021

The White House recognized September 2021 as National Recovery Month in a Sept. 2 proclamation calling for “making treatment and recovery support services accessible to all Americans.”
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni‐Coated Continuous Carbon Fibers‐Reinforced Pure Aluminum Matrix Composites Prepared by Twin‐Roll Casting Method
Authors: Mu Weipeng , Lin Jinbao , Gong Yi , Wu Dongxu , Liu Erqiang
Published: September 2021

Herein, continuous carbon fibers (CFs) were coated with Ni coating by an optimized electroplating process to enhance the wettability between the aluminum (Al) matrix and CFs. Then, Ni‐coated CFs were used as a reinforced phase to produce carbon fibers reinforced aluminum matrix (CF/Al) composites through the twin‐roll casting method. The impact of electroplating time on the coating thickness of CFs is investigated, and the effect of preheat treatment and coating thickness on the mechanical properties of CFs is studied through microscopic analysis and tensile property tests. The results indicate that Ni coating and CFs were well bonded, and an optimum coating thickness is subsequently determined (0.6 μm) under appropriate electroplating time (4 min). In addition, the optimal preheat treatment parameters are 673 K in air for 30 s and immersed in the Al molten matrix (973 K for 30 s) immediately. Moreover, the uncoated CF/Al composites are studied to compare with the Ni‐coated (0.6 μm) CF/Al composites from micromorphology, interfacial, and tensile tests. It is found that the presence of Ni coating can improve the mechanical properties. A twin‐roll casting method is successfully developed to fabricate CF/Al composites, which have the advantages of short process, high efficiency, and continuous production.
Infant eating behaviors and Milk feeding independently predict infant size
Authors: Barrett Katherine J. , Thompson Amanda L.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

This study investigates the association of infant eating behaviors with infant size, and if those associations are mediated by infant feeding.

Methods

Mothers with infants less than 12 months of age and living in Central North Carolina were enrolled (N = 61). Data were collected at baseline and at 3‐ and 6‐month follow up visits. Modified constructs from the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ) and Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) measured parents' perceptions of infant eating behaviors related to food approach (enjoyment of food, and food responsiveness) and food avoidance (food fussiness, satiety responsiveness, and slowness in eating). Linear mixed effects models tested longitudinal associations among infant eating behavior ratings, infant feeding (breastfeeding intensity, timing of introduction of complementary foods), and anthropometry (weight, length, and weight‐for‐length z‐scores). Path analyses were stratified by age and tested for direct and indirect effects of mothers' ratings of infant eating behaviors and infant feeding on infant anthropometry.

Results

Linear mixed models showed that general appetite was associated with higher weight‐for‐age, and satiety responsiveness was associated with lower length‐for‐age. Path analyses showed that infant milk feeding did not mediate associations. Breastfeeding intensity was independently associated with lower weight‐ and length‐for‐age z‐scores. Age at complementary feeding initiation was associated with lower length‐for‐age z‐scores.

Conclusions

Associations between parental perceptions of general appetite, satiety responsiveness, and infant weight and length are observed early in life. These findings suggest that parental perceptions of infant eating behaviors may contribute to the early developmental programming of later health outcomes.
Surface‐engineered Nafion/CNTs nanocomposite membrane with improved voltage efficiency for vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Wang Tongshuai , Lee Jannice , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Kun , Bae Chulsung , Kim Sangil
Published: September 2021

A carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced Nafion membrane (CNT/N) with reduced interfacial resistance was prepared and served as a promising ion exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The reinforcement of CNT effectively enhanced the tensile properties of Nafion membranes. The electrochemical properties of CNT/N membrane were analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and fitted with an analytical model to investigate the ionic and interfacial resistances. The EIS measurement reveals that the exposed CNT on the composite membrane surface significantly reduced the interfacial resistance of the membrane. The VRFB single cell performance of the CNT/N shows higher voltage efficiency (93% vs 89%) and energy efficiency (86% vs 83%) than recast Nafion at a current density of 40 mA cm−2. The cycling stability measurement showed that the discharge capacity retention of the VRFB cell equipped with CNT/N was greatly enhanced. The results suggest that the incorporation of CNT in ion exchange membrane is an effective approach for achieving lower membrane bulky and interfacial resistance, and thus, improving capacity retention, voltage, and energy efficiency.
Use of diet and body condition assessments as intermediate indicators of translocation success in the Critically Endangered Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis)
Authors: Brown Joseph C. , Shirley Matthew H. , Yog‐yog Amante , van Weerd Merlijn , Balbas Marites G. , Tarun Bernard A. , Siler Cameron D.
Published: September 2021

Intermediate metrics of translocation success are useful for long‐lived, slow to mature species where survival and reproduction happen over decades.

With fewer than 150 individuals in the wild, the Critically Endangered Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis) is one of the most threatened species on Earth. This study presents the first analysis of diet and body condition of wild Philippine crocodiles and headstarted (i.e. captive‐reared) individuals released into the wild over the last decade, and uses these results to show how diet and body condition can be pertinent intermediate metrics of translocation success.

Analyses of stomach contents revealed 17 different aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate and vertebrate prey species. Interestingly, 70% of Philippine crocodiles showed snails to be the predominent prey type, followed by fish (36.7%), birds (33.3%) and reptiles (33.3%). More than 50% of crocodiles consumed the invasive golden apple snail, a leading agricultural pest. Regardless of crocodile history (wild vs. headstarted) or size class (juvenile vs. adult), no evidence was found for dietary differences in percentage occurrence, percentage composition or prey diversity.

Body condition was significantly higher in wild compared with headstarted individuals when analysed together in a pooled group, although neither group differed significantly from the standardized expectation, and headstarted individuals were not significantly different when body condition was derived independently for the two groups.

This study provides a working example of how assessing the convergence of diet and body condition between translocated and wild individuals can provide complementary monitoring parameters to demonstrate post‐release establishment of translocated crocodylians. The congruent dietary composition and comparable body condition observed in this study suggest that headstarted crocodiles adapt well following release.

Crocodylus mindorensissurvives in an agricultural landscape and is likely to play an ecologically important role by exploiting invasive species, reinforcing the importance of this species to local communities.
Optimized hybrid design with stabilizing transition probability for stochastic Markovian jump systems under hidden Markov mode detector
Authors: Jia Tinggang , Song Jun , Niu Yugang , Chen Bei , Cao Zhiru
Published: September 2021

The transition probability synthesis problem is addressed for discrete‐time Markovian jump linear system (MJLS) with state‐dependent multiplicative noises. The proposed mode‐dependent parametric approach is employed to derive the necessary and sufficient condition for ensuring the existence of the stabilizing transition probability matrix (TPM). A key feature here is that the system mode is considered to be unavailable to the controller but can just be observed via a hidden Markov mode detector. To this end, a hybrid design is developed by co‐designing the stabilizing TPM and the asynchronous mode‐dependent state‐feedback controller. A rank‐constrained nonconvex problem is formulated to solve the hybrid design strategy. Specifically, a binary genetic algorithm (GA) is introduced for overcoming the computation difficulties arising from searching optimized mode‐dependent parameters. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed hybrid design strategy via GA.
Long noncoding RNA CASC2 protect ROS‐induced oxidative stress in myocardial infarction by miR‐18a/SIRT2
Authors: Ying Guoqiu , Tang Zijun , Zhang Jing , Zeng Junyi , Zheng Zeqi , Zhang Wan , Ding Lu , Wen Tong , Yi Dasong
Published: September 2021

We aimed to investigate the function and its possible mechanisms of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model. Patients with AMI and normal volunteers were selected from our hospital. Sprague–Dawley rats were induced into in vivo model of AMI. H9c2 cells were treated with H2O2 to generate injury model. A significantly lower serum gene expression of lncRNA CASC2 was detected. In rat models of AMI, lncRNA CASC2 gene expressions in heart tissue of mice with AMI were decreased. In in vitro model, downregulation of lncRNA CASC2 increased reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced oxidative stress; lncRNA CASC2 induced NADPH oxidase (NOX‐2) expression and suppressed miR‐18a expression; MiR‐18a promoted ROS‐induced oxidative stress; downregulation of miR‐18a decreased ROS‐induced oxidative stress. The inhibition of miR‐18a reversed the effects of CASC2 downregulation on ROS‐induced oxidative stress in in vitro model of AMI. The activation of miR‐18a reversed the effects of CASC2 on ROS‐induced oxidative stress in in vitro model of AMI. These data for the first time suggest that lncRNA CASC2 have better protective effects on AMI, which could reduce oxidative stress through their carried miR‐18a and subsequently downregulating the SIRT2/ROS pathway.
Erdbebennachweis von Mauerwerksbauten nach DIN EN 1998‐1/NA‐2021
Authors: Butenweg Christoph , Kubalski Thomas , El‐Deib Khaled , Gellert Christoph
Published: September 2021

Mauerwerksbauten in Deutschland sind mit Einführung des nationalen Anwendungsdokuments DIN EN 1998‐1/NA auf Grundlage einer neuen probabilistischen Erdbebenkarte nachzuweisen. Für erfolgreiche Erdbebennachweise üblicher Grundrissformen von Mauerwerksbauten stehen in dem zukünftigen Anwendungsdokument neue rechnerische Nachweismöglichkeiten zur Verfügung, mit denen die Tragfähigkeitsreserven von Mauerwerksbauten in der Baupraxis mit einem überschaubaren Aufwand besser in Ansatz gebracht werden können. Das Standardrechenverfahren ist weiterhin der kraftbasierte Nachweis, der nun mit höheren Verhaltensbeiwerten im Vergleich zur DIN 4149 durchgeführt werden kann. Die höheren Verhaltensbeiwerte basieren auf der besseren Ausnutzung der gebäudespezifischen Verformungsfähigkeit und Energiedissipation sowie der Lastumverteilung der Schubkräfte im Grundriss mit Ansatz von Rahmentragwirkung durch Wand‐Deckeninteraktionen. Alternativ dazu kann ein nichtlinearer Nachweis auf Grundlage von Pushover‐Analysen zur Anwendung kommen. Vervollständigt werden die Regelungen für Mauerwerksbauten durch neue Regelungen für nichttragende Innenwände und Außenmauerschalen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Grundlagen und Hintergründe der neuen rechnerischen Nachweise in DIN EN 1998‐1/NA vor und demonstriert deren Anwendung an einem Beispiel aus der Praxis.
Local versus general anesthesia transperineal prostate biopsy: Tolerability, cancer detection, and complications
Authors: Hogan Donnacha , Kanagarajah Abbie , Yao Henry H. , Wetherell David , Dias Brendan , Dundee Phil , Chu Kevin , Zargar Homayoun , O'Connell Helen E.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To compare data on transperineal template biopsy (TPTB) under general anesthesia (GA) compared with local anesthesia (LA) procedures using the PrecisionPoint™ Transperineal Access System (PPTAS) in relation to tolerability, cancer detection rate, complications, and cost.

Methods

A prospective pilot cohort study of patients undergoing transperineal biopsy was performed. Patients were excluded if they had concurrent flexible cystoscopy or language barriers. Patients had a choice of GA or LA. A prospective questionnaire on Days 0, 1, 7, and 30 was applied. The primary outcome was patient tolerability. Secondary outcomes were cancer detection rate, complication rate, and theater utilization.

Results

This study included 80 patients (40 GA TPTB and 40 LA PPTAS). Baseline characteristics including age, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE), findings, and prostate volume were comparable between the groups (p = 0.3790, p = 0.9832, p = 0.444, p = 0.3939, respectively). Higher median prostate imaging‐reporting and data system (PI‐RADS) score of 4 (interquartile range [IQR] 2) versus 3 (IQR 1) was noted in the LA group (p = 0.0326). Pain was higher leaving recovery in the GA group however not significantly (p = 0.0555). Median pain score at LA infiltration was 5/10 (IQR 3), with no difference in pain at Days 1, 7, or 30 (p = 0.2722, 0.6465, and 0.8184, respectively). For GA versus LA, the overall cancer detection rate was 55% versus 55% (p = 1.000) with clinically significant cancer in 22.5% versus 35% (p = 0.217). Acute urinary retention (AUR) occurred in 5% of GA and 2.5% of LA patients (p = 1.000). The GA cohort spent longer in theater and in recovery with a median of 93.5 min versus 57 min for the LA group (p = <0.0001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that transperineal biopsy is safely performed under LA with no difference between the cohorts in relation cancer detection or AUR. LA biopsy also consumed less theater and recovery resources. A further larger prospective randomized controlled trial is required to confirm the findings of this study.
Teaching generalized question‐discrimination skills to children with autism: Conceptual and applied considerations
Authors: degli Espinosa Francesca
Published: September 2021

Neuro‐typically developing children demonstrate accurate, discriminated responding to a variety of questions in the presence of nonverbal stimuli. For children diagnosed with autism, however, such question discrimination skills can be significantly impaired. An error frequently observed in clinical practice is that of the child who, despite previous mastery of the relevant color tacts, says “Ball” when presented with a blue ball and the question “What color?” This paper explores the role of multiple verbal and nonverbal control in early intraverbal‐tacting as a basis for clinical intervention. The paper first presents a theoretical analysis based on multiply‐controlled verbal behavior (Skinner, 1957). Second, it provides clinical recommendations derived from recent research for establishing generalized intraverbal‐tacting in children diagnosed with autism.
Metabolomic analysis reveals potential biomarkers and serum metabolomic profiling in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients using UPLC/quadrupole time‐of‐flight MS
Authors: Sun Guozhang , Jiang Fengling , Hu Shaoshan , Cheng Huakun , Qu Lianlong , Tao Yu , Ma Bowen
Published: September 2021

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10–20% of all strokes and contributes to higher mortalities and severe disabilities. The aims of this study were, therefore, to characterize novel biomarkers, metabolic disruptions, and mechanisms involving ICH. A total 30 ICH patients and 30 controls were enrolled in the study, and their clinical characteristics were analyzed. Nontargeted metabolomic analysis was conducted using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q‐TOF). Multivariate statistical analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used for screening and evaluating the predictive ability of biomarkers. ICH patients showed significantly higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose levels, white blood cell counts, neutrophil count, percentage of neutrophils and globulin and a lower albumin/globin ratio when compared with controls. In sum, 11 important metabolites were identified, which were associated with disruption of fatty acid oxidation and sphingolipid and phospholipid metabolism, as well as increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular pathologies. Further multiple logistic regression analyses of these metabolites showed that l‐carnitine and phosphatidylcholine (20:3/22:6) have potential as biomarkers of ICH, and the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity were 0.974, 90%, and 93%, respectively. These findings provide insights into the pathogenesis, early prevention, and diagnosis of ICH.
Surgical versus transcatheter aortic valve replacement in low‐risk patients: A long‐term propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Brízido Catarina , Madeira Márcio , Brito João , Madeira Sérgio , Campante Teles Rui , Raposo Luís , Mesquita Gabriel Henrique , Nolasco Tiago , de Araújo Gonçalves Pedro , Sousa‐Uva Miguel , Abecasis Miguel , de Sousa Almeida Manuel , Neves José Pedro , Mendes Miguel
Published: September 2021

Background

Recent studies suggest the use of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) as an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in lower risk populations, but real‐world data are scarce.

Methods

Single‐center retrospective study of patients undergoing SAVR (between June 2009 and July 2016, n = 682 patients) or TAVI (between June 2009 and July 2017, n = 400 patients). Low surgical risk was defined as EuroSCORE II (ES II) < 4% for single noncoronary artery bypass graft procedure. TAVI patients were propensity score‐matched in a 1:1 ratio with SAVR patients, paired by age, New York Heart Association class, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atrial fibrillation, creatinine clearance, and left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%.

Results

A total of 158 patients (79 SAVR and 79 TAVI) were matched (mean age 79 ± 6 years, 79 men). TAVI patients had a higher incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation (0% vs. 19%, p < 0.001) and more than mild paravalvular leak (4% vs. 18%, p = 0.009), but comparable rates of stroke, major or life‐threatening bleeding, emergent cardiac surgery, new‐onset atrial fibrillation, and need for renal replacement therapy. Hospital length‐of‐stay and 30‐day mortality were similar. At a median follow‐up of 4.5 years (IQR 3.0–6.9), treatment strategy did not influence all‐cause mortality (HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.77–1.83, log rank p = 0.43) nor rehospitalization (crude subdistribution HR 1.56, 95% CI 0.71–3.41, p = 0.26). ES II remained the only independent predictor of long‐term all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04–1.90, p = 0.029).

Conclusion

In this low surgical risk severe aortic stenosis population, we observed similar rates of 30‐day and long‐term all‐cause mortality, despite higher rates of permanent pacemaker implantation and more than mild paravalvular leak in TAVI patients. The results of this small study suggest that both procedures are safe and effective in the short‐term, while the Heart Team remains essential to assess both options on the long‐term.
The Photophysics and Photochemistry of Melanin‐ Like Nanomaterials Depend on Morphology and Structure
Authors: Mavridi‐Printezi Alexandra , Menichetti Arianna , Guernelli Moreno , Montalti Marco
Published: September 2021

Melanin‐like nanomaterials have found application in a large variety of high economic and social impact fields as medicine, energy conversion and storage, photothermal catalysis and environmental remediation. These materials have been used mostly for their optical and electronic properties, but also for their high biocompatibility and simplicity and versatility of preparation. Beside this, their chemistry is complex and it yields structures with different molecular weight and composition ranging from oligomers, to polymers as well as nanoparticles (NP). The comprehension of the correlation of the different compositions and morphologies to the optical properties of melanin is still incomplete and challenging, even if it is fundamental also from a technological point of view. In this minireview we focus on scientific papers, mostly recent ones, that indeed examine the link between composition and structural feature and photophysical and photochemical properties proposing this approach as a general one for future research.
Novel van der Waals Deep‐UV Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Kang Lei , Lin Zheshuai
Published: September 2021

Van der Waals (vdW) deep‐UV (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal is an important material system recently developed. Herein, we review its concept and original intention, and then summarized the discovery process of related materials, including the role of A‐site cations and the resulting two‐/one‐dimensional vdW DUV NLO systems. Finally, we evaluate the practical DUV NLO performance and prospected the opportunities and challenges.
Morphology‐Dependent Peroxidase Mimicking Enzyme Activity of Copper Metal‐Organic Polyhedra Assemblies
Authors: Liu Yanxiong , Wang Baoru , Bian Longchun , Qin Yu , Wang Chunqiong , Zheng Liyan , Cao Qiue
Published: September 2021

The morphology of nanomaterials (geometric shape and dimension) play a significant role in its various physical and chemical properties. Thus, it is essential to link morphology with performance in specific applications. For this purpose, the morphology of copper metal–organic polyhedra (Cu‐MOP) can be modulated through distinct assembly process, which facilitates the exploration of the relationship between morphology and catalytic performance. In this work, the assemblies of Cu‐MOP with three different morphologies (nanorods, nanofibers and nanosheets) were facilely prepared by the variation of solvent mixture of N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol, revealed the important role of the interaction between the surface group and the solvent on the morphology of these assemblies. Cu‐MOP nanofibers exhibited the highest mimetic peroxidase enzyme activity over the Cu‐MOP nanosheets and nanorods, which have been utilized in the detection of glucose. Cu‐MOPs assemblies with tunable morphology accompanied with adjustable mimic peroxidase activity, had great potential applications in the field of bioanalytical chemistry and biomedicals.
Ni‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroarylation of 1‐Aryl‐1,3‐Butadienes with Aryl Halides
Authors: Wang Chengdong , Guo Yingjie , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Zheng , Ding Kuiling
Published: September 2021

An efficient nickel‐catalyzed regioselective hydroarylation of 1,3‐dienes with aryl halides and a silane has been developed, affording a range of allylic arenes in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. This method exhibits broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance. Late‐stage modification of complex architectures was demonstrated.
Efficient anomaly detection from medical signals and images with convolutional neural networks for Internet of medical things (IoMT) systems
Authors: Khalil Ali A. , E. Ibrahim Fatma , Abbass Mohamed Y. , Haggag Nehad , Mahrous Yasser , Sedik Ahmed , Elsherbeeny Zeinab , Khalaf Ashraf A. M. , Rihan Mohamad , El‐Shafai Walid , El‐Banby Ghada M. , Soltan Eman , Soliman Naglaa F. , Algarni Abeer D. , Al‐Hanafy Waleed , El‐Fishawy Adel S. , El‐Rabaie El‐Sayed M. , Al‐Nuaimy Waleed , Dessouky Moawad I. , Saleeb Adel A. , Messiha Nagy W. , El‐Dokany Ibrahim M. , El‐Bendary Mohsen A. M. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E.
Published: September 2021

Deep learning is one of the most promising machine learning techniques that revolutionalized the artificial intelligence field. The known traditional and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been utilized in medical pattern recognition applications that depend on deep learning concepts. This is attributed to the importance of anomaly detection (AD) in automatic diagnosis systems. In this paper, the AD is performed on medical electroencephalography (EEG) signal spectrograms and medical corneal images for Internet of medical things (IoMT) systems. Deep learning based on the CNN models is employed for this task with training and testing phases. Each input image passes through a series of convolution layers with different kernel filters. For the classification task, pooling and fully‐connected layers are utilized. Computer simulation experiments reveal the success and superiority of the proposed models for automated medical diagnosis in IoMT systems.
Black, white, and grays: Are they colors, absence of color or the sum of all colors?
Authors: Caivano José Luis
Published: September 2021

Sometimes it is said that white is not a color but “the sum of all colors.” Surely this confusion comes from considering colors only those that appear in the spectrum. If these were the only colors, then magenta would neither be a color, nor do brown and other colors that do not have a specific wavelength, but are produced by a mixture of different wavelengths. Contradictorily, white often appears as “the absence of color.” When pigments are used on canvas or paper, white is the surface that remains unpigmented, unpainted, “uncoloured.” The same confusion often occurs with regard to black. Black is said to be “the sum of all colors” when a blackish stain is obtained from the mixture of various pigments. And black is said to be the “absence of color” when all light radiation is removed. The aim of this article is to argue that black and white are also colors, and so are grays. Because color is a visual sensation (product of the interaction of luminous radiation with pigmented objects and observers). “Pigment” and “color” are not synonymous; “light radiation” and “color” are not synonymous either. And just as we have red, green, blue, or yellow visual sensations, we also have visual sensations of white, black, or gray. This argument is supported by a survey where lay people and experts are asked about this issue, and by a bibliographical research that looks into texts and color order systems developed by theorists since the ancient times to nowadays.
Combinatorial liposomal peptide vaccine induces IgA and confers protection against influenza virus and bacterial super‐infection
Authors: Zaman Mehfuz , Huber Victor C , Heiden Dustin L , DeHaan Katerina N , Chandra Sanyogita , Erickson Demi , Ozberk Victoria , Pandey Manisha , Bailly Benjamin , Martin Gael , Langshaw Emma L , Zaid Ali , von Itzstein Mark , Good Michael F
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The upper respiratory tract is the major entry site for Streptococcus pyogenes and influenza virus. Vaccine strategies that activate mucosal immunity could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality because of these pathogens. The severity of influenza is significantly greater if a streptococcal infection occurs during the viraemic period and generally viral infections complicated by a subsequent bacterial infection are known as super‐infections. We describe an innovative vaccine strategy against influenza virus:S. pyogenes super‐infection. Moreover, we provide the first description of a liposomal multi‐pathogen‐based platform that enables the incorporation of both viral and bacterial antigens into a vaccine and constitutes a transformative development.

Methods

Specifically, we have explored a vaccination strategy with biocompatible liposomes that express conserved streptococcal and influenza A virus B‐cell epitopes on their surface and contain encapsulated diphtheria toxoid as a source of T‐cell help. The vaccine is adjuvanted by inclusion of the synthetic analogue of monophosphoryl lipid A, 3D‐PHAD.

Results

We observe that this vaccine construct induces an Immunoglobulin A (IgA) response in both mice and ferrets. Vaccination reduces viral load in ferrets from influenza challenge and protects mice from both pathogens. Notably, vaccination significantly reduces both mortality and morbidity associated with a super‐infection.

Conclusion

The vaccine design is modular and could be adapted to include B‐cell epitopes from other mucosal pathogens where an IgA response is required for protection.
Organ‐on‐a‐chip: Determine feasibility of a human liver microphysiological model to assess long‐term steroid metabolites in sports drug testing
Authors: Görgens Christian , Ramme Anja Patricia , Guddat Sven , Schrader Yvonne , Winter Annika , Dehne Eva‐Maria , Horland Reyk , Thevis Mario
Published: September 2021

A fundamental challenge in preventive doping research is the study of metabolic pathways of substances banned in sport. However, the pharmacological predictions obtained by conventional in vitro or in vivo animal studies are occasionally of limited transferability to humans according to an inability of in vitro models to mimic higher order system physiology or due to various species‐specific differences using animal models. A more recently established technology for simulating human physiology is the “organ‐on‐a‐chip” principle. In a multichannel microfluidic cell culture chip, 3‐dimensional tissue spheroids, which can constitute artificial and interconnected microscale organs, imitate principles of the human physiology. The objective of this study was to determine if the technology is suitable to adequately predict metabolic profiles of prohibited substances in sport. As model compounds, the frequently misused anabolic steroids, stanozolol and dehydrochloromethyltestosterone (DHCMT) were subjected to human liver spheroids in microfluidic cell culture chips. The metabolite patterns produced and circulating in the chip media were then assessed by LC‐HRMS/(MS) at different time points of up to 14 days of incubation at 37°C. The overall profile of observed glucurono‐conjugated stanozolol metabolites excellently matched the commonly found urinary pattern of metabolites, including 3′OH‐stanozolol‐glucuronide and stanozolol‐N‐glucuronides. Similarly, but to a lower extent, the DHCMT metabolic profile was in agreement with phase‐I and phase‐II biotransformation products regularly seen in postadministration urine specimens. In conclusion, this pilot study indicates that the “organ‐on‐a‐chip” technology provides a high degree of conformity with traditional human oral administration studies, providing a promising approach for metabolic profiling in sports drug testing.