bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teichoic acids in pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Nagel J G , Sheagren J N , Tuazon C U , Cardella T A
Published: May 2021

Twenty-six strains of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from patients with endocarditis were studied for the production of alpha- and/or beta-ribitol teichoic acid (TA), using highly specific anti-TA antibodies prepared in rabbits. A counterimmunoelectrophoretic assay was used. Beta-TA was the predominant residue produced by all strains; alpha-TA was found in all strains, but in smaller amounts and with much strain-to-strain variations. Antibodies in patients' sera were found against beta-TA in higher titers and for longer periods than were anti-alpha-TA antibodies. Antibodies against one or both TA residues were present in all but one of 26 patients.
Early detection and preliminary susceptibility testing of positive pediatric blood cultures with the Steers replicator
Authors: Paisley J W , Todd J K , Roe M H
Published: May 2021

Early replicator subculturing of blood specimens after 4 to 16 h of incubation detected 135 of 217 (59%) of all positive cultures, including 56 of 64 (87%) Haemophilus influenzae type b, 7 of 22 (32%) Staphylococcus aureus, 19 of 20 (95%) pathogenic streptococci, and 20 of 24 (83%) Enterobacteriaceae. The mean time to detection of the common pediatric pathogens (36 h) was significantly less than that of contaminants (85 h) (P less than 0.001). Blind subculturing to differential media aided in the rapid identification of isolates and the detection of mixed cultures. In addition, a method of obtaining rapid susceptibilities of blood and body fluid isolates to selected antibiotics by blind subculturing to antibiotic-containing media was evaluated. Immediate susceptibility information was obtained for 214 of the 245 (87.3%) isolate-antibiotic combinations. There was complete correlation with a standard Kirby-Bauer reading for 94.9% of these observations. Replicator blood subculturing before 24 h of incubation results in early detection of the majority of pediatric pathogens. The inoculation of additional differential and antibiotic-containing media with each blind subculture aids in rapid identification of isolates and may give limited, but clinically important, immediate susceptibility information.
Using Computer Technology to Foster Learning for Understanding
Authors: VAN MELLE ELAINE , TOMALTY LEWIS
Published: May 2021

The literature shows that students typically use either a surface approach to learning, in which the emphasis is on memorization of facts, or a deep approach to learning, in which learning for understanding is the primary focus. This paper describes how computer technology, specifically the use of a multimedia CD-ROM, was integrated into a microbiology curriculum as part of the transition from focusing on facts to fostering learning for understanding. Evaluation of the changes in approaches to learning over the course of the term showed a statistically significant shift in a deep approach to learning, as measured by the Study Process Questionnaire. Additional data collected showed that the use of computer technology supported this shift by providing students with the opportunity to apply what they had learned in class to order tests and interpret the test results in relation to specific patient-focused case studies. The extent of the impact, however, varied among different groups of students in the class. For example, students who were recent high school graduates did not show a statistically significant increase in deep learning scores over the course of the term and did not perform as well in the course. The results also showed that a surface approach to learning was an important aspect of learning for understanding, although only those students who were able to combine a surface with a deep approach to learning were successfully able to learn for understanding. Implications of this finding for the future use of computer technology and learning for understanding are considered.
Search for single production of vector-like B quark decaying to bZ at future linear colliders
Authors: Han Lin , Shen Jie-Fen
Published: May 2021

New vector-like quarks are predicted in many new physics scenarios beyond the Standard Model (SM). Based on a model-independent framework, we investigate the prospect of discovering the SU(2) singlet vector-like bottom quark (VLQ-B) in $$e^{+}e^{-}$$

e
+

e
-

collisions at 3 TeV Compact Linear Collider. We study the single VLQ-B production process $$e^{-}e^{+}\rightarrow B{\bar{b}}\rightarrow Zb{\bar{b}}$$

e
-

e
+

→
B

b

¯

→
Z
b

b

¯

with two types of decay channel: $$Z\rightarrow \ell ^{+}\ell ^{-}$$

Z
→

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

, and $$Z\rightarrow \nu {\bar{\nu }}$$

Z
→
ν

ν

¯

. By carrying out a full simulation for the signals and the relevant SM backgrounds, the $$2\sigma $$

2
σ

exclusion limit and $$5\sigma $$

5
σ

discovery prospects are, respectively, obtained on the B quark mass and the coupling strength $$g^{*}$$

g

∗

with the integrated luminosity of 5 $$\hbox {ab}^{-1}$$

ab

-
1

. Our numerical results show that the possible signals of the singlet VLQ-B might be detected at the future high-energy $$e^{+}e^{-}$$

e
+

e
-

linear colliders.
HPM: High-Precision Modeling of a Low-Power Inverter-Based Memristive Neural Network
Authors: Mohajeri Negin , Ebrahimi Behzad , Dousti Massoud
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we propose a high-precision memristive neural network with neurons implemented by complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverters. Regarding the process variations in the memristors and the sensitivity of the memristive crossbar structure to these fluctuations, the read operation with repetitive pulses and feedback-based write in the memristors are used to implement the neural networks trained by the ex-situ method. Moreover, accurate modeling of the neuron circuit (CMOS inverter) and decreasing the mismatch between trained weights and the limited memristances fill the gap between simulation and implementation. To employ physical constraints based on the memristor framework during the training phase, a linear function is utilized to map the trained weights to the acceptable range of memristances after the training phase. To solve the vanishing gradient problem due to the use of the tanh function as an activation function and for better learning of the network, some measures are taken. Moreover, fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) technology is used to prevent the reduction of the accuracy of the inverter-based memristive neural networks due to the process variations. Overall, our implementation improves the speed, area, power-delay product (PDP), and mean square error (MSE) of the training stage by 91.43%, 95.06%, 48.29% and 81.64%, respectively.
A Simple Three‐Dimensional Failure Criterion for Jointed Rock Masses under True Triaxial Compression
Authors: Gao Yaohui , Zhang Chunsheng , Wang Zhaofeng , Chen Jun
Published: May 2021

The joint configuration and the intermediate principal stress have a significant influence on the strength of rock masses in underground engineering. A simple three‐dimensional failure criterion is developed in this study to predict the true triaxial strength of jointed rock masses. The proposed failure criterion in the deviatoric and meridian planes adopts the elliptic and hyperbolic forms to approximate the Willam–Warnke and Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, respectively. The four parameters in the proposed failure criterion have close relationships with the cohesion and the internal friction angle and can be linked with the joint inclination angle using a cosine function. Two suits of true triaxial strength data are collected to validate the correctness of the proposed failure criterion. Compared with other failure criteria, the proposed failure criterion is more reasonable and acceptable to describe the strength of jointed rock masses.
Iris Melanoma in a Patient with Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Goto Hiroshi , Yamakawa Naoyuki
Published: May 2021

This report describes the histopathological findings of an iris melanoma that developed in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). A 66-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of iris tumor. He had a medical history of RP for over 25 years. His best corrected visual acuity at presentation was 20/20 (OD) and 20/200 (OS). Slit lamp examination revealed an iris melanocytoma in his right eye and a brown iris mass involving the pupil in his left eye. Ocular fundus examination of his right eye showed diffuse chorioretinal atrophy with attenuated retinal vessels and scattered pigment. A diagnosis of iris melanoma was made and enucleation of his left eyeball was performed. Histopathological examination of the eyeball showed an iris tumor with proliferation of spindle cells positive for Melan-A, HMB-45, and S-100 protein by immunohistochemistry. Diffuse destruction of retinal architecture was observed, with loss of outer segment and replacement by glial cells. Accumulation of melanin pigment around retinal vessels was found in peripheral retina. These histopathological findings were compatible with advanced stage of RP. This case demonstrates that iris melanoma can occur in eye with RP.
Resolution of Radiation-Induced Necrosis in Arteriovenous Malformation with Bevacizumab: A Case Report and Review of Current Literature
Authors: Kwong Forrest , Scarpelli Daphne B. , Barajas Ramon F. , Monaco Debra , Tanyi James A. , McClelland Shearwood , Jaboin Jerry J.
Published: May 2021

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a proven treatment modality for inoperable arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, the rate of radiation-induced necrosis (RIN) is as high as 10%. A 6-year-old female patient presented with severe headache, emesis, and syncope, and workup revealed a Spetzler-Martin grade 4 AVM with intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. The patient underwent a right frontal ventriculostomy followed by a linear accelerator-based SRS of 16.9 Gy. At 19 years, she developed progressive neurological symptoms. Diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a recurrent parietal AVM nidus. We delivered the linear accelerator-based SRS of 18.5 Gy to the AVM nidus. Within 9 months, she experienced episodic headaches and left-sided weakness and spasticity; symptoms were initially managed with dexamethasone. Follow-up MRI was notable for edema and nondetectable blood flow, consistent with RIN and AVM obliteration. The second course of steroids did not provide the symptom control. Persistent RIN was noted on MRI, and she had stigmata of steroid toxicity (centripetal obesity, depression, and sleep disorder). Two infusions of bevacizumab (5 mg/kg) were administered concurrently with a tapering dose of dexamethasone. The patient noted a near immediate improvement in her headaches, and 2 months following the second bevacizumab infusion, she reported a near-complete resolution of her symptoms and displayed improved ambulation. The development of RIN remains a noteworthy concern post-SRS of AVMs. While steroids aid with initial management of RIN, for persistent and recurrent symptoms, bevacizumab infusions serve as a viable treatment course, with the added benefit of reducing the likelihood of adverse effects resulting from prolonged steroid therapy.
Bone Mass in Young Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Espinosa Reyes Tania M. , Leyva González Gisselle , Domínguez Alonso Emma , Falhammar Henrik
Published: May 2021

Background: The effects of hyperandrogenism and steroid treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are controversial. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to characterize BMD and fractures in patients with CAH and to identify whether there is an association between alterations in BMD, nutritional status, and variables related to the disease. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to explore clinical, hormonal, dairy consumption, physical activity, and BMD variables in patients with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and controls matched by age, gender, skin color, body mass index, and Tanner scale. Results: Fifty subjects (CAH n = 25; females n = 42 [84%]) with a mean age of 15.9 ± 5.8 years were included in the study. White skin color predominated in 34 subjects (68%), mestizo in 11 (22%), and black in 5 (10%). In patients with CAH, BMD lumbar spine was decreased compared to that in controls (0.83 ± 0.23 vs. 0.98 ± 0.26 g/cm3, p = 0.004). BMD femur was also decreased in patients with CAH; however, this was not significant (0.95 ± 0.20 vs. 1.04 ± 0.24 g/cm3, p = 0.17). There was a positive relationship between age at diagnosis, age of initiation of glucocorticoid treatment, and testosterone levels with all measurements of BMD. The daily glucocorticoid dose was negatively related to BMD. No fractures were found. Conclusions: Patients with CAH had decreased BMD, especially in lumbar spine. Increased androgen exposure seemed to improve, while increased glucocorticoid dose impaired BMD.
Long-Term Safety and Quality of Life after Vibroplasty in Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Short/Long Incus Process Coupler
Authors: Edlinger Stefan Herwig , Hasenzagl Martin , Schoerg Philipp , Muck Stefanie , Magele Astrid , Sprinzl Georg Mathias
Published: May 2021

Objective: The study shows the long-term effectiveness, safety, and quality of life after Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) implantation in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) using the short process coupler (SP) or the long process coupler (LP). Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 77 VSB cases. Follow-up (F/U) time-dependent objective measurements (audiological outcomes), subjective data collection (quality-of-life questionnaire), and safety measures are presented. Results: Sixty-two ears were included in the analysis with up to 116 months of postsurgical F/U data (mean 32.15 ± 37.97 months LP and SP coupler). Fifty-three ears (13 bilateral cases) received the LP coupler and 9 subjects the SP coupler. The post-operative bone conduction thresholds remained stable and, in both groups, <10 dB. The benefit in word recognition scores measured at 65 dB SPL and 80 dB SPL showed no significant difference between the couplers (p = 0.559 and p = 0.088, respectively). The functional gain was not significantly different (p > 0.05) with a mean of 20.91 ± 9.77 and 17.19 ± 5.75 for LP and SP coupler, respectively. The utility score deciphered from the Assessment of Quality-of-life Questionnaire-8 dimensions revealed a mean score of 0.75 ± 0.16 which is not significantly different to the age- and sex-matched healthy control group with 0.81 ± 0.02 (p = 0.3547). Conclusion: The Incus Vibroplasty utilizing both couplers is a safe and effective method to treat mild-to-severe SNHL. Both fixation methods of the floating mass transducer exhibit good clinical and audiological outcomes with high patient quality of life. The SP coupling method can be a good alternative when the long process is anatomically inaccessible, or the approach is limited due to anatomical reasons.
Giles of Lessines on Starlight and the Colour of the Sky
Authors: Nothaft C. Philipp E.
Published: May 2021

This article provides the first discussion of the unpublished treatise De crepusculis (“On twilight”), written in the second half of the thirteenth century by the Dominican scholar Giles of Lessines. It is shown that De crepusculis was intended as a critical supplement to a treatise on the height of the atmosphere by Ibn Muʿādh (eleventh century). In this supplement, Giles recapitulates Ibn Muʿādh’s geometrical arguments while furnishing proofs and covering relevant questions not included in the earlier work. One area where Giles greatly expands on his predecessor is in addressing relevant physical questions such as the causes of stellar luminosity. Giles here takes a nuanced view, acknowledging that all celestial bodies emit some form of light. He also provides a unique explanation of the blue colour of the sky, which draws on the extramission postulate used by thirteenth-century writers on optics.
The Application of International Humanitarian Law to Peacekeepers
Authors: Kaiser Thierry , Ruers Carlijn
Published: May 2021

Peacekeepers deployed as part of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (minusma) are operating in an increasingly hostile environment, requiring them to use force regularly in order to defend civilians, themselves and, more generally, minusma’s mandate. Over the last few years, minusma’s mandate has been expanded to enable the Mission to address the growing threat posed by hostile armed groups, including terrorist armed groups, and to provide support to counter-terrorist forces. The frequent hostilities, coupled with the Mission’s enhanced “robust” mandate and the rising number of demands made on minusma by non-UN forces for operational and logistical support, have raised questions concerning the status and legal protection of minusma’s peacekeepers under international humanitarian law, and more broadly the adequacy of the legal framework applicable to modern UN peacekeeping operations deployed in a “no peace to keep” environment. This article argues that a clarification of the application of the legal framework is required in order to afford better protection to Mission personnel and to more accurately capture the situation on the ground.
The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)
Authors: BOUSTANI MIRA , RASMONT PIERRE , DATHE HOLGER H. , GHISBAIN GUILLAUME , KASPAREK MAX , MICHEZ DENIS , MÜLLER ANDREAS , PAULY ALAIN , RISCH STEFAN , STRAKA JAKUB  , TERZO MICHAEL , VAN ACHTER XAVIER , WOOD THOMAS J. , NEMER NABIL
Published: May 2021

The study of wild bees has markedly increased in recent years due to their importance as pollinators of crops and wild plants, and this interest has been accentuated by increasing evidence of global declines in their abundance and species richness. Though best studied in Europe and North America, knowledge on the current state of wild bees is scarce in regions where they are particularly diversified, such as the Mediterranean basin. The eastern Mediterranean country of Lebanon, located at the heart of the Levant in a biodiversity hotspot, is particularly poorly studied. The aim of this paper is to produce a first annotated checklist of the wild bees of Lebanon from new and museum collections, literature records, and verified occurrences from online databases. The present list totals 573 species for Lebanon of which 289 are reported for the first time, but the estimated diversity is likely to be closer to 700. Preliminary information on local distributions and flower records are also presented. The local species assemblages indicate affinities with montane habitats of the Mediterranean and Anatolia and the semi-arid habitats of the Levant and north Africa. This study also encourages further research on local wild bee faunas and the use of this knowledge for conservation purposes.
Lateral rectus muscle differentiation potential in paralytic esotropia patients
Authors: Xia Qing , Ling Xiangtian , Wang Zhonghao , Shen Tao , Chen Minghao , Mao Danyi , Ma Xinqi , Ning Jie , Zhang Han , Chen Dongli , Gu Qiong , Shen Huangxuan , Yan Jianhua
Published: May 2021

Purpose and background

Recently, we found that maximal medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection in patients with complete lateral rectus paralysis resulted in a partial restoration of abduction. In an attempt to understand some of the mechanisms involved with this effect we examined gene expression profiles of lateral recti from these patients, with our focus being directed to genes related to myogenesis.

Materials and methods

Lateral recti resected from patients with complete lateral rectus paralysis and those from concomitant esotropia (controls) were collected. Differences in gene expression profiles between these two groups were examined using microarray analysis and quantitative Reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results

A total of 3056 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between these two groups. Within the paralytic esotropia group, 2081 genes were up-regulated and 975 down-regulated. The results of RT-PCR revealed that PAX7, MYOG, PITX1, SIX1 and SIX4 showed higher levels of expression, while that of MYOD a lower level of expression within the paralytic esotropia group as compared with that in the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The decreased expression of MYOD in the paralytic esotropia group suggested that extraocular muscle satellite cell (EOMSCs) differentiation processes were inhibited. Whereas the high expression levels of PAX7, SIX1/4 and MYOG, suggested that the EOMSCs were showing an effective potential for differentiation. The stimulation resulting from muscle surgery may induce EOMSCs to differentiate and thus restore abduction function.
Spontaneous remission in adult patients with IgA nephropathy treated with conservative therapy
Authors: Sato Hirotaka , Ichikawa Daisuke , Okada Eri , Suzuki Tomo , Watanabe Shiika , Shirai Sayuri , Shibagaki Yugo
Published: May 2021

Background

There are few studies describing the clinical course and spontaneous remission of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in adult patients receiving conservative treatment.

Method

Data from 62 adult patients with biopsy-diagnosed IgAN, who received conservative treatment at least 5 years prior, were retrospectively investigated. No patients received corticosteroids, other immunosuppressants, or tonsillectomy. Remission of proteinuria and hematuria were defined as proteinuria <0.3 g/gCr and urine red blood cells (RBC) <5 / high power field (HPF) on three consecutive urinalyses obtained during an observation period of ≥6 months.

Result

Thirty-eight (61.3%) patients had remission of hematuria, 24 (38.7%) had remission of proteinuria, and 19 (30.6%) had remission of both. Remission rates increased in patients with proteinuria <0.5 g/g Cr at diagnosis. The median time to remission of hematuria was 2.8 years and that of proteinuria was 2.6 years. Patients who showed renal function decline (defined as 30% decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] from baseline) were older, had significantly lower eGFR, and higher proteinuria at diagnosis. Two patients with preserved renal function and normal proteinuria at diagnosis experienced renal function decline. Renal function did not decline within 3 years of diagnosis in patients with proteinuria <1 g/gCr at diagnosis.

Conclusions

Relatively high rates of spontaneous remission were observed. Remission of both hematuria and proteinuria were frequent within 3 years after diagnosis, and renal function was well preserved during this period. These data indicate that it is rational to use conservative treatment for 3 years after the diagnosis instead of aggressive treatments.
The Effect of Co doping on Structural, Optical and Dielectric Behaviour of TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Mahal Harpreet Singh , Singh Bhanu Partap , Kant Ravi
Published: May 2021

Chemical precipitation method was used to synthesise pure and Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The synthesised nanoparticles were studied for its structural optical and dielectric properties. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the anatase phase with the tetragonal structure obtained for both samples. No extra peak was obtained in the pattern indicates that cobalt ions were successfully incorporated. The crystallite size of both samples were determined by using Debye-Scherrer’s method, and it was found that it decreases with the dopant addition. UV vis spectroscopy was performed to study the optical properties of both samples. The dielectric constant (εʹ), dielectric loss and ac conductivity (σac) of both samples were studied against the frequency. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and ac conductivity results showed that Co-doping has a significant effect.
Трудно или легко быть общественно активным человеком во время пандемии?
Authors: Мерсиянова Ирина Владимировна , Иванова Наталья Владимировна
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются факторы, воздействующие на отношение к общественно активным людям. На эмпирической базе данных количественного и качественного исследований (апрель — май 2020 г.), осуществленных в период режима самоизоляции, введенного в связи с распространением новой коронавирусной инфекции, раскрывается взаимосвязь между оценкой возможности быть общественно активным человеком и составляющими человеческого капитала: уровнем образования, профессиональным статусом, материальным положением.
Продемонстрировано, что оценка также соотносится с показателями социального и человеческого капитала. Положительный взгляд на возможность быть общественно активным человеком разделяют люди, демонстрирующие высокий уровень межличностного доверия, ответственность за происходящее вокруг, уверенность в том, что уровень доверия в стране за последний месяц увеличился, возросла готовность к взаимопомощи и волонтерство в России развито достаточно хорошо, чтобы справиться с пандемией коронавируса. С оптимизмом воспринимают общественно активную деятельность молодежь и люди, ощущающие себя счастливыми. Напротив, представители старших возрастных групп и те, кто обладает сравнительно низкими показателями человеческого и социального капитала, в том числе внешним локус-контролем, полагающие, что готовность помогать в стране уменьшилась и волонтерство пока развито плохо, считают, что быть общественно активным человеком трудно.
Новизна исследования связана с тем, что оно выявило амбивалентное отношение россиян к общественно активным людям. С одной стороны, большинство в период пандемии полагало, что общество одобрительно относится к активным людям. С другой — россияне считают, что быть общественно активным трудно, и высказывают негативные стереотипы, подозревают активистов в амбициозности и корысти. Данные свидетельствуют, что это связано с рассогласованием между тиражируемыми целями общественной деятельности и скептицизмом респондентов относительно ее мотивов. Поэтому восприятие общественно активных людей зависит от того, насколько убедительно представлены общественному мнению их мотивация и позитивные результаты деятельности.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при поддержке Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ «Высшая школа экономики».
The Development of Naitō Konan’s Progressive View of History: A Point of Convergance with Zhang Xuecheng’s Wenshi tongyi
Authors: De-min Tao
Published: May 2021

An important feature of Naitō Konan’s historiography is his progressive view of history. The development of this progressive view came not only from modern Western scholarship but also from early-modern Chinese and Japanese traditional scholarship. Examples of such Chinese scholarship are Du You’s Tong dian, Zhu Xi’s Zhuzi yu lei, Wang Yinglin’s Kunxue jiwen and Zhang Xuecheng’s Wen shi tong yi, which were all works that Naitō liked to read. This essay will show Naitō’s points of convergence with Zhang Xuecheng’s scholarship, in particular, his advocating that the Six Classics are all historical works, and will evaluate Naitō’s attempts to fi nd spiritual similarities between Chinese and Western scholarship.
Towards a typology of predicative demonstratives
Authors: Killian Don
Published: May 2021

Although there has been growing interest in the study of demonstratives, a number of demonstrative categories remain largely unexplored. This article addresses one gap, presenting a preliminary typological overview of predicative demonstratives, a type of demonstrative used primarily in non-verbal predication constructions. The morphosyntax of predicative demonstratives is first briefly examined, followed by a typological characterization based primarily on semantic and morphosyntactic grounds. Predicative demonstratives focus on the immediately surrounding spatial, temporal, or textual environment of the speech act, showing restrictions on occurring in negated clauses or questions. In terms of lexical categorization, predicative demonstratives most commonly find themselves in a small closed word class of non-verbal predicators. Four types of predicative demonstratives are proposed here: Presentatives, identifiers, localizers, and the rare copular demonstratives.
In order that– a data-driven study of symptoms and causes of obsolescence
Authors: Rudnicka Karolina
Published: May 2021

This paper is an empirical case study of grammatical obsolescence in progress. The main variable of study is the English purpose subordinatorin order that, which is shown to be steadily decreasing in its frequency of use, starting from the beginning of the twentieth century. This work applies a data-driven approach for the investigation and description of obsolescence, recently developed by Rudnicka, Karolina. 2019.The Statistics of obsolescence: Purpose subordinators in Late Modern English. NIHIN: New Ideas in Human Interaction: Studies. Freiburg: Rombach. The methodology combines philological analysis with statistical methods used on data acquired from mega-corpora. Moving from the description of possible symptoms of obsolescence to different causes for it, the paper aims at presenting a comprehensive account of the studied phenomenon. Interestingly, a very significant role in the decline ofin order thatcan be ascribed to the so-called higher-order processes, understood as processes influencing the constructional level from above. Two kinds of higher-order processes are shown to play an important role, namely i) an externally-motivated higher-order process exemplified by the drastic socio-cultural changes of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and ii) an internally-motivated higher-order process instantiated by the rise of theto-infinitive (rise of infinite clauses).
Removal of decidedly lethal metal arsenic from water using metal organic frameworks: a critical review
Authors: Ahmad Khalil , Shah Habib-Ur-Rehman , Ashfaq Muhammad , Nawaz Haq
Published: May 2021

Water contamination is worldwide issue, undermining whole biosphere, influencing life of a large number of individuals all over the world. Water contamination is one of the chief worldwide danger issues for death, sickness, and constant decrease of accessible drinkable water around the world. Among the others, presence of arsenic, is considered as the most widely recognized lethal contaminant in water bodies and poses a serious threat not exclusively to humans but also towards aquatic lives. Hence, steps must be taken to decrease quantity of arsenic in water to permissible limits. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with outstanding stability, sorption capacities, and ecofriendly performance have empowered enormous improvements in capturing substantial metal particles. MOFs have been affirmed as good performance adsorbents for arsenic removal having extended surface area and displayed remarkable results as reported in literature. In this review we look at MOFs which have been recently produced and considered for potential applications in arsenic metal expulsion. We have delivered a summary of up-to-date abilities as well as significant characteristics of MOFs used for this removal. In this review conventional and advanced materials applied to treat water by adsorptive method are also discussed briefly.
MEKANISME KERJA MESIN SHREDDER DAN ANALISIS KEGAGALAN PADA OPERASI PROSES PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF PADAT MATERIAL TERKONTAMINASI
Authors: Setyawan Ajrieh , Hendro Hendro , Purwanta Purwanta
Published: May 2021

MEKANISME KERJA MESIN SHREDDER DAN ANALISIS KEGAGALAN PADA OPERASI PROSES PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF PADAT MATERIAL TERKONTAMINASI. Mesin Shredder adalah mesin pencacah atau penghancur, dalam penerapannya di Pusat Teknologi Limbah Radioaktif (PTLR) mesin shredder digunakan untuk mencacah limbah radioaktif padat material terkontaminasi yang memiliki dimensi besar. Limbah radioaktif padat seperti jerigen, drum High-density polyethylene (HDPE), drum korosi dan lainnya. Tujuan akhir dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi terkait alat shredder dan mengetahui hubungan antara mekanisme kerja proses pengoperasi mesin shredder, serta analisis kegagalan dalam proses pengolahan limbah radioaktif padat material terkontaminasi. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pengoperasi alat, pengamatan dan analisis kegagalan operasi alat. Hasil kegiatan diperoleh bahwa kapasitas produksi operasi mesin shredder sebesar 288 kg/jam untuk material Drum HDPE. Untuk menjaga agar operasi mesin dapat berjalan dengan baik diperlukan perawatan secara berkala. Analisis kegagalan dalam proses operasi alat shredder dipengaruhi oleh : operator, sistem operasi mesin, metode operasi, dan material bahan yang diolah.
Über die Bevölkerung Transdanubiens im 9. Jahrhundert und die Frage der Frankenherrschaft im Spiegel neuerer Ausgrabungen
Authors: Sós Ágnes
Published: May 2021

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Bemerkungen zu der Studie "Zur Frage der Chronologie der Bronzezeit in Ostungarn", von V. Milojčič
Authors: Bóna István
Published: May 2021

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Beitrag zu der Dissertation J. Harmattas: "Parthische Sprachdenkmäler in Dura"
Authors: Banner János
Published: May 2021

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A korai és középső bronzkor története Magyarországon és a Kárpát-medencében
Authors: Bóna István
Published: May 2021

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Bestattungsgebrauche der landnehmenden Magyaren
Authors: László Gyula
Published: May 2021

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Régi ásatások új eredményei (Neue Ergebnisse aus alten Ausgrabungen)
Authors: Kalicz Nándor
Published: May 2021

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Opponensi vélemény Gábor Miklós: A késő paleolitikum kérdései Magyarországon c. kandidátusi értekezésről
Authors: Banner János
Published: May 2021

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Beitrage zum Villenbau in Pannonien
Authors: Bánki Zsuzsanna
Published: May 2021

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«Homo Dignus», the Legal Status of the Individual and Modern Constitutionalism (Russian, Comparative and International Context)
Authors: Kravets Igor A.
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes homo dignus («a worthy person») as a theoretical, constitutional and legal concept; secular and theological approaches to understanding human dignity, differences between the Roman concept of «dignitas» and the theological concept of «image of God» («imago Dei»); the problem of constitutional-legal and wider legal regulation of human dignity in the domestic and international context is investigated. The author notes that the legal concept of an individual interacts with the legal concept of human dignity and the forms of their interaction are diverse. 1) The dignity of the individual is the legal basis for the structure and elements of the legal status of man and citizen; 2) a person possesses dignity in the case of his full legal capacity, and in the case of limited or lost legal capacity; 3) the dignity is possessed by a person who can have various relations with the state: a stateless person, a citizen, a bipatride or a polypatride, an alien in the territory of the state; 4) the idea of dignity and the idea of equality, combining in the field of law, stimulate the generation of a new paradigmatic thinking in the form of equal dignity. This article substantiates the concept of «constitutionalism of human dignity» from the standpoint of the Russian, comparative and international context. The article uses methods of discursive and comparative legal analysis, the method of constitutional design, specific historical and formal legal methods of analysis. It is concluded that a complex constitutional legal institution of the personhood dignity has been gradually forming in Russia. This institution is a constitutional and legal innovation in the structure of the foundations of the legal status of a person and citizen
Innovative Approaches to Criminalistics
Authors: Savel’eva Marina V. , Smushkin Aleksandr B. , Potapova Natalia L.
Published: May 2021

In this scientific study, the authors made attempts to consider the current problems of criminalistics caused by the features of modern crime and highlighted modern innovative approaches to the detection and investigation of crimes. There is a trend in the evolution of crime, which determines the need for new modern criminalistics innovations, as well as new approaches to training investigative officers. Тhe article uses proven methods of scientific analysis. The authors analyse the views of leading experts on the main areas and trends of innovative development of Russian criminalistics. Тhe authors justify the need for simultaneous development of material innovations (new technologies), ideal innovations (new theories, concepts, recommendations) and the most innovation-oriented subject of law enforcement. The results of the research can be used in research and forensic activities, as well as in teaching criminalistics and related courses in higher and secondary specialized educational institutions of legal profile
Legal Regulation of Federal Budget Expenditures on National Projects
Authors: Shevelko Dmitrii A.
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes features of the legal regulation of national and federal projects. More than three years have passed since their approval, which forms the basis of this analysis. The purpose of the study was to determine the current state of legal regulation of national projects, including expert assessments from the scientific community. Within this framework, a hypothesis was proposed about legal gaps that affect the implementation of national goals and projects. The objectives of the study are to identify the advantages and disadvantages of regulating national projects and to compare them with the May decrees of the President of Russia and state programs.

The results revealed positive and negative trends in the current legal status of national projects. On the one hand, the author draws attention to the repetition of mistakes in the implementation of the May decrees of the President of Russia and state programs. In particular, the regulatory legal acts do not define the procedure for calculating the financial security of the projects. As a result, they risk failure to achieve their national goals. Systematic problems with the implementation of strategic planning documents indicate a lack of analysis of their shortcomings. At the same time, the methodology for developing new documents could be adjusted within the frameworks. On the other hand, the advantages of legal regulation are also revealed. Among them are the allocation of regulations outside the BC of the Russian Federation, the acceleration of bureaucratic procedures, a minimum list of regulatory legal acts, and expanded powers of the curators. The main drawback was the failure to consolidate the process of preparing a financial justification for the expenditure of national projects (federal projects). At the same time, this disadvantage leads to the risk of leveling all the positive elements of the legal regulation model.
DAVRANIŞ ESTETİĞİ VE DEĞERLER EĞİTİMİ BAĞLAMINDA “ALLAH YAPTIĞI İŞİ EN İYİ YAPANLARI SEVER” HADİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: GÜNGÖR Haydar
Published: May 2021

Davranış estetiği ve değerler eğitiminin tüm insanlarda kalıcı hale gelmesi, bütün ilahi dinlerin ortak amacıdır. Bu amaç, Kur’an ayetleri ve Hz. Peygamber’in hadislerinde de açık bir şekilde görülmektedir. Ancak bazı rivayetlerin hadis olmadığı halde hadismiş gibi gösterilmesi de söz konusu olabilmektedir Bu tür hadislere mevzu (uydurma) hadisler denir. Uydurma olmasa da inanç konularında en küçük bir şüphe taşıyan hadis terk edilir. Ancak ibadet ve ahlak hadislerinde ise, İslam’ın genel kurallarına uygun ise amel edilmesinde sakınca görülmemektedir.
“Allah yaptığı işi en iyi şekilde yapanları sever” hadisi, hem davranış estetiği hem de davranış eğitimi açısından son derece önemlidir. Hadis bu açıdan ele alındığında insanın davranış estetiği açısından ulaşabileceği son nokta olarak görülür. Çünkü yaptığı işi en iyi şekilde yapan bir kişi herhangi bir menfaat ve çıkar gözetmeden işini en iyi şekilde yapar. İşte bu, değerler eğitimi açısından en iyi sonuçtur.
Assessment of age at menarche and menstrual pattern among secondary school girls in Awka, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ezenyeaku Cyril C. , Ezebialu Ifeanyichukwu U. , Umeobika Joseph C. , Akabike Josephat , Ezenyeaku Chijioke A. , Ojiyi Chukwuemeka E. , Okeke Tochukwu C.
Published: May 2021

Background: Menarche is an important physiological milestone in girls and this usually occurs during their secondary school years. The menstrual pattern may vary in these adolescents. This knowledge may assist in counselling the young girls on reproductive health issues.Methods: A cross-sectional study of female secondary school students from Kenneth Dike secondary school, Awka; Amaenyi girls’ secondary school and community secondary school, Okpuno, all in Awka, Anambra state of Nigeria. All together 545 students were selected following informed consent. The study instrument was a pre-tested, semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done with IBM SPSS 20 software. Tests of association between variables were done with Fisher’s exact test and the level of significance set at p≤0.05. Results: The mean age of the 545 respondents was 16.79±1.736 years and majority of them are of the Igbo ethnic group (90.5%). The average age at menarche was 12.77±1.159 years. There is a significant difference between the age at menarche and the father’s occupation. The modal duration of flow was 4 days (48.7%) while 95.2% had a normal cycle length of 21-35 days.Conclusions: The average age of menarche of secondary school girls in Awka was 12.77±1.159 years. Most of the students had normal menstrual flow duration of 2-7 days with a cycle length of 21-35 days.
Comparison of maternal serum CA-125 and ultrasonography findings as a prognostic marker in threatened abortion
Authors: Yadav Kamlesh , Ojha Pragya , Chopra Anant
Published: May 2021

Background: WHO defines abortion as pregnancy termination before 20 week gestation or with fetus born weighing <500 gms. Early pregnancy markers in patients with threatened abortion including biochemical marker like raised maternal serum CA-125 (cancer antigen-125, carcinoma antigen 125 or carbohydrate antigen 125) and USG parameters that is, fetal crown-rump length (CRL), the presence/absence of sub-chorionic hematoma and fetal heart rate (FHR) are good predictors of outcome.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, S.P. medical college and associated group of hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan. This was a hospital based prospective comparative study. The study group comprise of pregnant females attending obstetrics and gynaecology OPD. A total of 200 pregnant women were examined in this study. We divided these patients into 2 groups, group A and group B. Group A consists of 100 pregnant females with threatened abortion and group B with 100 normal pregnant female.Results: Maternal serum CA-125 at cut off level 61.64 U/ml is 84.21% sensitive, 96.77% specific in predicting abortion with 94.12% positive predictive value and 90.91% negative predictive value while FHR at 115 bpm is 76.32% sensitive, 90.32% specific in predicting abortion with 82.86% PPV and 86.15% negative predictive value.Conclusions: Single raised value of maternal serum CA-125 has best predictive value followed by USG parameters (FHR, sub-chorionic hematoma and CRL ) in threatened abortion which results in loss of pregnancy.
Impact of government schemes on maternal mortality
Authors: Verma Kamala , Agrawal Sudesh , Baniya Girish Chandra
Published: May 2021

Background: To analyze the causes of maternal death over a period of 5 years with respect to direct and indirect causes and to see the effect of various government schemes in MMR reduction.Methods: A retrospective study of maternal death cases was conducted over a 5-year period, from January 2016 to December 2020, in our tertiary health center. Each case was analyzed with respect to age, parity, residence, antenatal booking, admission- mortality interval, etc. Results were analyzed by using percentage and proportion.Results: In our study, there were total 161 maternal death and 66,806 live births giving an MMR of 240.9 per one lac live birth. In the year 2016, there was total 12303 live birth, and it was increased to 14783 in the year 2020. MMR in 2016 was 243.84, and it also increased by 277.34 in the year 2020. Obstetric hemorrhage (28.57%), severe PIH, and eclampsia (19.87%) followed by septicemia (9.93%) were common direct causes of death. Anemia was the most important indirect cause of death.Conclusions: Although various government maternity programs like JSY and JSSK are successful in improving the number of institutional deliveries, but they are still less effective in the reduction of MMR. Besides these schemes, MMR can be reduced by improving female literacy, health, and good antenatal care and by the provision of quality of emergency obstetric care with skilled birth attendance.
Incidence and risk factors for post caesarean delivery surgical site infection in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Naik Smita S. , Nagarsenkar Ajit
Published: May 2021

Background: Post-operative surgical site infection (SSI) is the most commonly reported nosocomial infection which constitutes a major public health care problem worldwide. SSI are the one of the most common complication after caesarean section (C-sec) and results in maternal morbidity and mortality, increased length of the hospital stays and economic burden. The aim of the study is to determine the incidence and risk factors of SSI in women undergoing C-sec.Methods: The prospective observational study carried out in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Goa medical college, Bambolim Goa from 1st November 2017 to 30th May 2019. Collection of data was carried using predesigned and pretested proforma. SSI was examined for association of different risk factors and its distribution.Results: During this study period, 2106 patients underwent C-sec, out of which 103 patients developed post-operative SSI with the incidence rate being 4.89%. The incidence rate was found higher in emergency cases (6.55%) as compared to that of elective (1.21%) and median time to SSI was the 6th post- operative day. Majority of SSI, i.e., 102 out of 103 (99.08%) were superficial SSI, 1 (0.98%) were deep SSI and no organ/space SSI. The highest rate of SSI was found in 21-34 years of age group (84.47%). The common risk factors associated are anaemia, diabetes, hypertension and obesity.Conclusions: SSI results from multiple risk factors which include modifiable and non- modifiable factors and thorough analysis of these factors can help prevent SSI. The medical staff should focus on some of the modifiable risk factors can be eliminated by strict antisepsis, timely prophylactic antibiotic and maintaining normothermia as well as optimal glucose level.
Evaluation of papsmear in pregnancy
Authors: Rudra Samar , Mishra Ajita , Verma Akanksha
Published: May 2021

Background: Cervical cancer is common worldwide and ranks fourth among all malignancies for women. Cervical cytology (PAP smear) as a cancer screening method is most commonly used worldwide. Cervical cancer can be detected at an early stage by PAP smear which is a cost effective and easy to perform test which is also very safe in pregnant women, hence this study is taken up as an opportunistic time for cervical cancer screening to this accessible group of women during their antenatal period and to find detection rate of infectious diseases, precancerous and cancerous pathology of the cervix.Methods: 500 pregnant women of age 21 years and above and between 16-24 weeks of gestation attending the antenatal OPD were included in the study. Scrapings were obtained from the ectocervix and sent for cytological evaluation. Findings were tabulated and statistically analysed.Results: 7.2% of the patients in our study had cervical infection which included candidiasis and trichomonial infections. 0.4% of the patients had abnormal PAP report, and 88.2% had inflammatory smear implying higher risk of STD’s and pregnancy related complications.Conclusions: The cervical cytology is highly recommended for the routine screening in the antenatal care clinic specially for women who had no prior cervical cancer screening. Awareness on cervical cancer, preventive measures and screening methods need to be strengthened among pregnant women when they visit health care facilities and also in the community settings.