bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Sardaigne productrice de matières précieuses au Moyen Âge : état des questions et projets d’enquêtes
Authors: Poisson Jean-Michel
Published: March 2023

Principalement connue pour ses exportations de sel et de produits de l’agriculture et de l’élevage, la Sardaigne fut aussi, dans une moindre mesure, productrice de matières précieuses depuis l’Antiquité. Si l’on connaît assez bien l’exploitation de l’argent qui, par les Pisans d’abord et par les Aragonais ensuite, a alimenté les frappes monétaires, il est plus difficile d’apprécier la production de matières précieuses marines – corail, pourpre, byssus – ou terrestres – marbres, porphyres et alun. Dans ces domaines, une enquête archéologique à venir devrait pouvoir pallier la rareté des mentions textuelles qui ne nous font qu’entrevoir le rôle de l’île dans le commerce méditerranéen médiéval de ces produits rares et recherchés.
Des coutumes à la constitution : la compilation des consuetudines médiévales des paroisses vénitiennes (1513)
Authors: Vuillemin Pascal
Published: March 2023

Le 4 décembre 1512, le patriarche Antonio Contarini adressa à tous les plébains de Venise une lettre les invitant à mettre par écrit les coutumes de leurs paroisses. Démontrant que la paroisse médiévale s’appuyait essentiellement sur un droit de nature coutumière, les consuetudines vénitiennes permettent de mesurer les écarts entre le droit de l’Église, les statuts synodaux et la pratique paroissiale quotidienne. La compilation des coutumes, achevée en 1513, permit également au patriarche de les corriger puis de les uniformiser. Ce faisant, il leur fit subir une mutation de sens et de substance. Les coutumes devinrent une seule constitution. En substituant à un droit coutumier un droit synodal écrit, Contarini acheva l’entreprise d’unification et d’affirmation du patriarcat, offrant aux paroisses vénitiennes une physionomie juridique qui demeura pratiquement inaltérée jusqu’à la chute de la République. vénitiennes permettent de mesurer les écarts entre le droit de l’Église, les statuts synodaux et la pratique paroissiale quotidienne. La compilation des coutumes, achevée en 1513, permit également au patriarche de les corriger puis de les uniformiser. Ce faisant, il leur fit subir une mutation de sens et de substance. Les coutumes devinrent une seule constitution. En substituant à un droit coutumier un droit synodal écrit, Contarini acheva l’entreprise d’unification et d’affirmation du patriarcat, offrant aux paroisses vénitiennes une physionomie juridique qui demeura pratiquement inaltérée jusqu’à la chute de la République.
Le groupe épiscopal de Salone aux VIe-VIIe siècles : urbanisme et vie quotidienne
Authors: Chevalier Pascale , Mardesic Jagoda
Published: March 2023

L’urbanisme de la ville de Salone, capitale provinciale et siège archiépiscopal de la Dalmatie, a connu d’importantes transformations au cours du siècle et demi que constitue la phase ultime de l’Antiquité tardive ‘ chrétienne’. On constate d’évidents contrastes entre d’une part le renforcement des murailles et un dépeuplement partiel qu’accompagnent une certaine ruralisation d’espaces intra muros et l’apparition de sépultures souvent dans ces mêmes lieux et, d’autre part les traces tangibles de l’évergétisme épiscopal qui modifie de manière spectaculaire le groupe cathédral et le quartier épiscopal jusque dans les premières décennies du VIIe s. Le réexamen du petit complexe dit de l’ «Oratoire A» apporte un nouvel éclairage et reflète, au travers des aménagements tardifs, la continuité d’un quotidien raffiné, qui demeure celui de l’Antiquité et ce, jusqu’à l’abandon de la ville.
L’ancienne agglomération médiévale de Guran et ses églises : programme de recherches archéologiques en Istrie (Croatie)
Authors: Terrier Jean , Jurkovic Miljenko , Matejčić Ivan
Published: March 2023

Les établissements de Guran et Sainte-Cécile font l’objet de fouilles systématiques depuis plusieurs années. Ces sites abandonnés vers le XVe siècle constituent de véritables réserves archéologiques localisées à l’intérieur de l’Istrie dans une région qui n’a jamais été véritablement exploitée sur le plan scientifique, contrairement au littoral adriatique. La recherche poursuivie vise une problématique élargie, directement liée au peuplement de l’espace rural durant la phase de transition qui va de l’Antiquité au Moyen Âge. Pour aborder ce thème, elle prend en compte l’ensemble des composantes d’une agglomération – église paroissiale, église funéraire, enceinte fortifiée et habitat – ce qui est particulièrement novateur pour la période considérée en Croatie. Les résultats obtenus à la suite aux des premières campagnes d’investigations sur le terrain offrent d’ores et déjà des perspectives intéressantes pour tenter de saisir les processus d’implantation des communautés rurales. À Sainte-Cécile, la présence d’une occupation antique antérieure à l’édification de l’église témoigne de l’ancrage d’une population en ces lieux depuis cette période. La situation est tout autre à Guran, site localisé à moins de 500 mètres de distance, où les résultats acquis à ce jour indiquent la création d’une agglomération ex nihilo à la fin du haut Moyen Âge, peut-être en relation avec le nouveau pouvoir franc.
Castelli, villaggi e poteri locali : modelli e varianti
Authors: Provero Luigi
Published: March 2023

Per leggere il confronto scientifico tra Italia e Francia attorno ai temi della società e dei poteri rurali, il punto di partenza obbligato è costituito dalla thèse di Pierre Toubert sul Lazio, sia per la rilevanza delle sue analisi (che individuano nei castelli una struttura globalizzante attorno a cui si può intrecciare una trama particolarmente fitta di collegamenti), sia per la sua capacità di agire da tramite tra le due storiografie, proponendo alla comunità scientifica italiana modelli di matrice francese. L’efficacia di Toubert è però tanto più rilevante in quanto si inserisce in un contesto storiografico in cuipur in un quadro di prevalenza dell’interesse per le cittài temi relativi alla società rurale avevano subìto importanti sviluppi grazie agli studi di Giovanni Tabacco e Cinzio Violante per quanto riguarda le strutture sociali e di potere, e di Emilio Sereni ed Elio Conti per le forme del paesaggio agrario. L’interferenza tra questi modelli e i suggerimenti introdotti da Toubert ha consentito una vera e propria esplosione degli studi dedicati alle campagne italiane, con una rilevante varietà tematica e metodologica, grazie anche allo sviluppo dell’archeo logia medievale. Diversa e indubbiamente più ridotta l’attenzione dei medievisti francesi per la storiografia italiana : se l’Italia ha assunto un ruolo di rilievo nell’elaborazione dell’idea di una peculiarità dell’area mediterranea rispetto all’Europa settentrionale, gli studi dei medievisti italiani hanno trovato solo sporadicamente lettori attenti nella medievistica francese. Negli ultimi decenni si è infine assistito a un’importante convergenza attorno al tema dell’origine e dei funzionamenti delle comunità rurali.
Crédit local, investissement foncier et archives privées : les stratégies de Guido Chiavelli, dit le Napolitain (Italie, milieu du XIVe siècle)
Authors: Delzant Jean-Baptiste
Published: March 2023

Les Chiavelli tentent à plusieurs reprises, au cours du XIVe siècle, d’imposer leur domination sur Fabriano. Une des rares pièces d’archive préservée de la famille éclaire la façon dont ses activités économiques diversifiées servent cet objectif. Guido Chiavelli multiplie ainsi les opérations de prêts à intérêt au sein du Popolo de la ville. Elles lui permettent de renforcer ses positions grâce à la toile d’obligations et de fidélités qui lie à lui ses débiteurs. Simultanément, Guido développe son emprise foncière sur le contado. Il accroit ses revenus et occupe des emplacements stratégiques qui le mettent en situation de force face à la commune. Ces stratégies économiques donnent lieu à la constitution d’archives sur le modèle construit par les acteurs institutionnels du temps. Le registre étudié met en lumière, grâce à une production documentaire spécifique, des comportements communs à une oligarchie urbaine toujours plus influente et fermée aux nouveaux venus, composée de familles de la bourgeoisie marchande et de l’aristocratie ancienne. cements stratégiques qui le mettent en situation de force face à la commune. Ces stratégies économiques donnent lieu à la constitution d’archives sur le modèle construit par les acteurs institutionnels du temps. Le registre étudié met en lumière, grâce à une production documentaire spécifique, des comportements communs à une oligarchie urbaine toujours plus influente et fermée aux nouveaux venus, composée de familles de la bourgeoisie marchande et de l’aristocratie ancienne.
Besin Kaynağı Olarak Yenilebilir Böcekler
Authors: KALDIRIM Şeyma Nurcan , KESER Alev
Published: March 2023

Yenilebilir böcekler, binlerce yıl boyunca insanlar için besin kaynağı olmuştur. Günümüzde insanların büyük bir kısmı için böcekler, iğrenç ve korkunç canlılar olarak görülse de, dünyanın pek çok bölgesinde insanların bazı böcekleri tükettiği bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte, insanların böcek tüketimine olan ilgisi artmakta ve yenilebilir böcek pazar büyüklüğünde büyüme gözlenmektedir. Böcekler, protein ile çeşitli mineraller ve vitaminler açısından zengindir. Böcek üretimi için özel bir alana ihtiyaç duyulmamakta ve çiftlik hayvanlarına kıyasla, böcekler, daha az sera ve amonyak gazı üretmektedir. Bu etkenler, yenilebilir böcekleri sürdürülebilir beslenme için de önemli bir alternatif besin kaynağına dönüştürmektedir. Yenilebilir böceklerin anti-obezite, antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan özellikleri mevcut olsa da, böcekler, çeşitli biyolojik, kimyasal ve fiziksel tehlikelerin de kaynağı olabilir. Bu nedenle, yenilebilir böcekler ile ilgili araştırmaların artması, böceklere özel mevzuat ve kalite kontrollerin oluşturulması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu derleme makale, yenilebilir böceklerin besin kaynağı olarak kullanımı ile potansiyel yararlı ve zararlı etkileri hakkında bilgi vermek amacıyla yazılmıştır.
Design and characterization of a prototype anaerobic reactor for domestic wastewater treatment using fixed biomass
Authors: Rodriguez-Morales José Albero , Ramos-Lopez Miguel Angel , Campos-Guillen Juan , Ledesma-Garcia Janet
Published: March 2023

In developing countries, the RAFA (Anaerobic Upflow Reactor) reactor stands out as a viable alternative in wastewater treatment. In addition, biofilters are used in the biological reactors that have the objective of biofilm formation, by means of which effluents of better quality are obtained. An anaerobic reactor of 140 Liters was evaluated for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Granular activated carbon and cellulose fiber filters were placed outside. After the stabilization of the reactor (3-6 months), different volumes corresponding to 3, 5 and 7 liters / day of residual water were evaluated, with hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 47, 28 and 20 days, respectively. Percentages of reduction of BOD5, COD, SST and fecal coliforms were obtained for the 3 effluents. It was obtained for 3 liters / day: 90%, 66%, 90% and 99.9%. For 5 liters / day: 93%, 71%, 90% and 99.9%. For 7 liters / day: 80%, 65%, 91% and 99.9%. With these results and comparing them with the NOM-003-Ecol-1997. It is concluded that the treated wastewater can be reused to be reused in public services.
Neural Sliding mode control of a regenerative braking system for electric vehicles
Authors: Ruz-Canul Mario Antonio , Djilali Larbi , Ruz-Hernández José Antonio , Sánchez-Camperos Edgar Nelson
Published: March 2023

This paper summarizes the work done on the development of a Neural Sliding Mode Controller (NSMC) for a regenerative braking system used in an electric vehicle (EV), which is composed of a Main Energy System (MES) and an Auxiliary Energy System (AES). This last one contains a buck-boost converter and a super-capacitor. The AES aims to recover the energy generated during braking that the MES cannot retrieve and use later during acceleration. A neural identifier trained with the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) has been used to estimate the buck-boost converter real dynamics and to build up the NSMC, which is implemented to regulate the voltage and current dynamics in the AES. Simulation results, illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme to track time-varying references of the AES voltage and current dynamics measured at the buck-boost converter and ensure the charging and discharging operation modes of the super-capacitor. In addition, the proposed control scheme enhances the EV storage system efficiency and performance, when the regenerative braking system is employed.
MAC-based Artificial Neural network for voice command recognition
Authors: Rodríguez-Ponce Rafael
Published: March 2023

Artificial neural networks are one of the most popular families of machine learning algorithms of this decade. Although they exist since the middle of the last century, until recent years with the improvement of technology, they are being widely used in fields such as character, image, and voice recognition. There is a large number of works implementing neural networks for speech recognition; however, the approach has usually been for operation on a personal computer, which is not suitable for mobile applications. This article presents a neural network for voice command recognition, implemented in a compact FPGA card with low computational resources. In addition, it uses a multiplication and accumulation unit, called MAC, with which it achieves a smaller size and higher speed. This paper will be of interest to students or researchers working on machine learning mobile applications.
Manejo de la Diverticulitis Apendicular: una patología poco común
Authors: Sandoval Silva Gabriel Elías , Rojas Duarte Marcelo , Segovia Rojas Jorge , Toro Pérez Javier , Pohl Vollmer Emilio , Sanguineti Montalva Antonella
Published: March 2023

La diverticulitis apendicular es una enfermedad poco frecuente con una incidencia aproximada de 1%. Se define por la presencia de divertículos verdaderos o falsos en la pared del apéndice cecal.Durante la fase aguda posee una clínica indistinguible a la apendicitis, sin embargo en ocasiones presenta características clínicas particulares que la distinguen de la apendicitis aguda tales como la presencia de dolor abdominal insidioso o intermitente y/o ausencia de sintomatología gastrointestinal (náuseas, vómitos o anorexia).En la diverticulitis apendicular las técnicas imagenológicas son de utilidad limitada al otorgar información inespecífica, por lo que el diagnóstico tiende a realizarse mediante el estudio anatomopatológico del apéndice posterior a una intervención quirúrgica en paciente con cuadro clínico compatible con apendicitis aguda.El tratamiento de elección corresponde a la apendicectomía, lo que permite evitar complicaciones futuras como por ejemplo perforación apendicular, neoplasias, entre otros.
Perception of School Climate and Masculinity on Bullying Behavior
Authors: Kurniawan Hendra , Astuti Kamsih
Published: March 2023

Bullying has an impact on the educational process that does not run conducive; the conditions of the learning atmosphere and the learning process are often obstacles so that the potential development of students does not develop optimally, both physically, intellectually, emotionally and spiritually. Bullying is defined as negative behaviour shown by a person or group, done repeatedly and occurs from time to time. This study aims to find out the role of school climate perceptions and masculinity on bullying. The subjects used were 136 students of SMP X who had been bullies. The results of the multiple regression test were R = 0.792, and the F value was 112.149 (p <0.01). The effective contribution of perceived school climate and masculinity to predict bullying was 62.2% and the remaining 37.8%—other factors not examined in this study. The school climate variable has a standardized beta coefficient of -0.380 with a value of -7605 and a significance level of 0.000 (p <0.01), which means that the school climate has a major influence on bullying. The other independent variable is masculinity, with a beta coefficient of 0.436 with a t-value of 7.327 and also a significant level of 0.000 (p<0.01), meaning that masculinity has an influence on bullying. According to these results, it can be concluded that the school climate perception variable and masculinity together play a role in bullying
Parent Support for School Well-Being in Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fitriah Aziza , Aprianty Rizky Amalia
Published: March 2023

At the beginning of 2020, the whole world was faced with a global pandemic, namely the emergence of the Covid-19 virus which changed all systems of life, including the world of education. All lectures turned into online media, namely distance lectures, where in the process there were many obstacles and challenges that students had to face. In this condition, to continue to realize prosperity in the learning process, students are required to harmonize themselves which has a sufficient impact on welfare in learning, namely school well-being. Learning from home with all kinds of conditions faced by students, parental support is important to help realize school well-being in the distance learning process. The purpose of this study was to find out how the relationship between parental support and school well-being in students during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used is quantitative to determine the relationship between variable X and Variable Y. Variable X is Parental Support, and variable Y is School Well-Being. The instrument used in this study there are 2 measurement scales for variable X, namely the Parental Support scale and the instrument variable Y, namely the School well-being behavior scale. The target population to be studied are undergraduate psychology students at the Muhammadiyah University of Banjarmasin. that there is a significant positive relationship between Parental Support for School Well Being for Students during the Covid-19 pandemic, with a figure of 0.379 with p = < 0.000. The strength of the influence of Parental Support on School Well Being is 14.4%. this means that other variables that affect 85.6%.
Phenomenology Study of Anxiety Victims Verbal Sexual Harassment (Catcalling) At Muhammadiyah Bandung University Students
Authors: Nur  alizah Fina , Yulianty Novy , Robiyanto Oka Ivan
Published: March 2023

Catcalling is a term that refers to a type of verbal sexual harassment that involves whistling or making comments with the intent of gaining attention by focusing on certain sexual characteristics, thereby falling under the category of sexual harassment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaning of the experience of anxiety and the elements that create anxiety in victims of verbal sexual harassment at Muhammadiyah Bandung University students using a qualitative method and an interpretive phenomenological analysis study style. The findings of this study suggest that all people who have been catcalled exhibit anxiety symptoms that are similar in degree but manifest in distinct ways. This can be noticed in the physical symptoms of worry shown by the four informants, such as a racing heart, trembling, weakness, and increased sweating. When they were subjected to verbal sexual harassment, all informants displayed the conduct of avoiding the perpetrator and the setting. The emergence of the perception that they are in a dangerous situation in a situation that is considered safe by most people, and all informants excessively predict a danger so that they feel afraid if they meet with the perpetrator again are the factors that cause all informants to experience anxiety. All of the informants have been catcalled, which causes them to have self-defeating attitudes and erroneous ideas that they will be catcalled again if they encounter a group of guys.
Reality Counseling to Reduce Anxiety Before Being Free For Inmates of Drug Cases Correctional
Authors: Dwinta Sari Galuh
Published: March 2023

Anxiety experienced by prisoners before their free period is something that can be a source of stress and inhibit their social functions when in the community.The anxiety symptoms experienced such as insomnia, fear, and doubt. Moreover, leaving prison presents the challenge of social integration—of connecting with family and finding housing and a means of subsistence. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of reality counseling to reduce anxiety of prisoners in drug cases in the Class IIA Women's Penitentiary in Malang. The subject of this study was a 33 years old woman experiencing anxiety before the end of her incarceration. Data collection was carried out by interviews, graphic tests, SPM tests, and instruments in the form of the Self-report Anxiety Scale (SAS) given before and after the intervention. The intervention is provided in six sessions of reality counseling technique. The results showed that reality counseling was able to reduce the anxiety level of the subjects. The subject managed to find insight to face the reality of her life and not blame others, as her negative thoughts will not necessarily come true.
Effect of time-modulation bias on polysilicon gate etching
Authors: Morimoto Michikazu , Tanaka Motohiro , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu
Published: March 2023

The etching characteristics were studied via time-modulation bias (bias pulsing) by varying the pulsing parameters. The etch profiles were verified using polysilicon gate structures with dense and isolated patterns. Ion energy was defined as the peak-to-peak voltage (V
pp) controlled by the RF bias power. The durations of the on period and off period (off time) of bias pulsing were adjusted by the pulse frequency and duty cycle. Profile evolution was observed in the variations in V
pp and off time. Increasing the ion energy induced vertical profiles of dense patterns and the tapered profiles of isolated patterns. Extending the off time of bias pulsing induced tapered profiles of dense patterns and vertical profiles of isolated patterns. These results indicated that increasing the ion energy and pulse off time simultaneously was the direction to achieve anisotropic etch profiles for both the isolated and dense patterns.
Generalized Sparse Regression Codes for Short Block Lengths
Authors: Kumar Sinha Madhusudan , kannu arun pachai
Published: March 2023

Sparse regression codes (SPARC) connect the sparse signal recovery framework of compressive sensing with error control coding techniques. SPARC encoding produces codewords which are \emph{sparse} linear combinations of columns of a dictionary matrix. SPARC decoding is accomplished using sparse signal recovery algorithms. We construct dictionary matrices using Gold codes and mutually unbiased bases and develop suitable generalizations of SPARC (GSPARC). We develop a greedy decoder, referred as match and decode (MAD) algorithm and  provide its analytical noiseless recovery guarantees. We propose a parallel greedy search technique, referred as parallel MAD (PMAD), to improve the  performance. We describe the applicability of GSPARC with PMAD decoder for multi-user channels, providing a non-orthogonal multiple access scheme. We present numerical results comparing the block error rate (BLER) performance of the proposed algorithms for GSPARC in AWGN channels, in the short block length regime. The PMAD decoder gives better BLER than the approximate message passing decoder for SPARC. GSPARC with PMAD gives comparable and competitive BLER performance, when compared to other existing codes. In multi-user channels, GSPARC with PMAD decoder outperforms the sphere packing lower bounds of an orthogonal multiple access scheme, which has the same spectral efficiency.
Forms, Spaces and Times of Marginality. An Introduction
Authors: Aru Silvia , Puttilli Matteo
Published: March 2023

The paper introduces seven contributions resulting from the sixth Italian and French Seminar of Social Geography with the title: «Spatial Justice – Marginality, Isolation, Citizenship». The first part explores the different viewpoints and approaches to marginality within the international debate, focusing on the socio-spatial effects of the processes of marginalization. The second part presents the most recent reflections upon the multiple and controversial connections between contemporary marginalizationsand neoliberal (urban) policies. The concluding part stresses the urgency for new empirically oriented and spatially differentiated researches in the field of socio-spatialmarginality and socio-spatial justice.
Emerging Topics in Italy: The Territorial Capital value
Authors: Amodio Teresa , Bencardino Massimiliano , Iovino Giorgia , Siniscalchi Silvia
Published: March 2023

Cohesion policy, focused on the relevance of the place-based approaches, suggests defining territorialised interventions, that is to say calibrated on the actual needs of geographical contexts as well as on specificities and local resources. The result is a rediscovered centrality of the concept of territorial capital which is deepened in this contribution, as per the methodological indications provided by the PRIN. In the first instance a brief review is proposed on the concept itself, aimed at highlighting the different theoretical interpretations present in the literature and in the policy documents, on an international / national and local scale. Subsequently some possible territorial capital measurement criteria are considered in the perspective of being able to use them in an empirical research phase that imposes the concrete choice of measurable indicators. Finally, some examples of regional ex ante analysis presented on the basis of selected indicators (as pertinent to the topic and measurable) and applied to the national scale are presented.
الأدب الديني والإسلامي عند عبدالعظيم الربيعي ومشفق الكاشاني – دراسة مقارنة
Authors: فرخ شا مریم , فوزي ناهده
Published: March 2023

إنَّ للأدب دوراً رائداً في يقظة الناس و نهضوهم و إنَّ الشعر كمناد ينادي ما يحدث في المجتمعات الإنسانية لاسيما في التي هي محطّ الأنظار. لقد تبلورت مظاهر واضحة المعالم من أدب الاسلامية و الدينية في الشعر الفارسي و العربي و نهتمُّ بشعر عبدالعظيم الربيعي و مشفق الكاشاني. وتجدر الإشارة إلي أنَّ شاعر الملتزم الحقيقي يعلم يقيناً أنَّ الكلمة في بساطتها و تواضعها هي سلاحه، ولكن هذه الكلمة عينها في نقائها وصفائها و ثوريتها و صدقها سلاح فعّال. إنَّ مشفق الكاشاني و عبدالعظيم الربيعي الشاعرين المعاصرين اللذينِ يتحدّثان عن حبّهما لأهل البيت () و أولياء الله و تكثر المفاهيم الإسلامية بين دواوينهم الشعرية . وقد تعدّدت مصادر تلك الشخصيات الإسلامية و تنوّعت و لعلّ أبرزها: شخصية الامام حسين ()، زينب ()، فاطمة الزهراء ()، الإمام علي ()، زينب ()، مسأله الولاية، واقعة كربلاء، والمضامين الإسلامية الآخرة. إنَّنا نقوم بالتحليل في منهج الوصفي-التحليلي عند ديوان عبدالعظيم الربيعي و مشفق الكاشاني.
Causes Of Vision Impairment Among Adult Patients in Kerbala, Iraq
Authors: Darwish Lamya A A , Mahdi Nabaa Nasser , Naeem Noor Adnan , Salim Sara Saad , Mohamed Zahraa Salih
Published: March 2023

Background: Currently, there are at least 2.2 billion people worldwide with visual impairment, of whom at least 1 billion have preventable or untreated vision loss. The world faces major challenges in ophthalmology. This includes inequalities in the coverage and quality of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation services. shortage of qualified ophthalmologists; poor integration of eye care services into the health care system, among other problems; Therefore, we conduct this study.

Aim: To identify the causes of visual impairment in Kerbala province, Iraq with view to address the treatment and challenges may face during the action.

Methods: The study was a cross-sectional , 200 patients who attended the ophthalmology outpatient clinic in AL- Hussien Teaching hospital,  Kerbala province, Iraq were enrolled,  aged 20 and above.  Data was collected by interviewing the patients and filling out the questionnaire from July 2019 until June 2020. In addition, we observed visual acuity measurement (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and ophthalmological examination of the patients

Results: The main leading cause was a refractive error with 99 individual (51.3%) followed by cataract 26 (13.5% ). Refractive errors and cataract together were 24 (12.4%), allergy 14 (7.3), infection 12 (6.2%), age-related macular degeneration 12 (6.23%) and lastly glaucoma was only 6 (3.1%).

According to the age group, 34 (17.6%) were between (17-39), followed by 102 (52.8%) between (40-59) and 57 (29.5%) between (60-89). In all these three groups RE was also the main diagnosis, 24 (70.6%) ,  7 (55.9%)  and 18 (31.6%) respectively. According to the smoking habit, 159 (82.4%) were nonsmoker, 14 (7.3%) were ex-smokers, 5 (2.6%) were light smokers (reported consumption of ≤5 cigarettes per day), moderate smokers (1 day for smoking 8 (4.1%) reported consuming 11 to 19 cigarettes per day ) , heavy smokers (reported smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day) 7 (3.6%) ز

As regards systemic disease, we found that 80 (41.5%) of patients have hypertension and 63 (32.6%) were diabetics.

Conclusions: We found that refractive errors were the most common cause of reduced visual acuity followed by cataracts. Cataracts are the most frequent cause of visual impairment in older people.
Pattern of Post-Covid Symptoms among COVID 19 Patients: A Study in Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh
Authors: Asraf Dr. Md. Moniruzzaman , Mukta Dr. Noor-E-Akhter , Karim Dr. ANM Ehsanul , Amin Dr. SM Ruhul , Arafat Dr. SM
Published: March 2023

Background: The first Covid 19 cases were detected in Bangladesh on the 8th March of 2020. It is a newer version of a viral disease and has a ferocious nature of affecting a large number of people within a couple of days. So, to save billions of people we have to acquire clear ideas about the pre as well as post symptoms and sufferings. In Bangladesh, we have very limited research-based information regarding those issues of Covid 19. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of post-Covid symptoms among Covid 19 patients. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh during the period from January 2021 to December 2021. In total 93 previously confirmed positive Covid 19 was included as the study subjects for this study. This study was approved by the ethical committee of the mentioned hospital. Proper written consents were taken from all the participants before data collection. A predesigned questioner was used in data collection. All data were collected, processed and analyzed by using MS Office and SPSS version 23 programs as per need. Results: During the first follow-up (At 4-12 weeks as post-Covid 19) of this study as general symptoms, fatigue and weakness were found as 2 most frequent which were among 46% and 13% patients respectively. Besides these, cough, joint pain, muscle ache and loss of appetite were found in 9%, 10%, 8%, and another 9% patients which were noticeable. On the other hand, during the second follow-up (After 12 weeks as post-Covid 19) as general symptoms, fatigue and weakness were found as 2 most frequent which were among 33% and 11% patients respectively. Besides these, cough, dyspnea, muscle ache and loss of appetite were found in 5%, 4%, another 4%, and another 5% patients which were noticeable. Conclusion: Fatigue, cough, joint pain, muscle ache and loss of appetite may be considered as the most common post-Covid symptoms for .......
Transfusion Effectiveness of Single Donor Apheresis Platelet over Random Donor Platelet; A Comparative Study
Authors: Hamid Dr. Shayma , Akter Dr. Jakiya , Naznin Dr. Ayesha , Islam Dr. Sabrina , Chowdhury Dr. Tanzila Tabib , Noor Dr Munasib
Published: March 2023

Background: Platelet transfusion performs a key function in treatment for patients with thrombocytopenia. The use of single donor apheresis platelet results in better post-transfusion recovery & survival than random donor platelet. Activation of platelet depends on their preparation and storage and this may be one of the factors responsible for storage related change in platelet membrane proteins. In transfusion medicine laboratory we commonly prepare platelet concentrates from whole blood, platelet rich plasma, buffy coat and single donor plateletpheresis. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the transfusion effectiveness of single donor apheresis platelet over random donor platelet. Methods: This is an observational study. This study was carried out on 125 dengue patients the find out about the population including male and female patients in the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh and Samorita Hospital & Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The duration of the period from July 2021 to December 2022. The period from data was entered in MS Excel and Statistical analysis was done using SPSS-24. Results: The total study population was 125 patients aged 10 – 40 years, 17(13.6%) were ≤10 years, 49(39.2%) were 11-20 years, 37(29.6%) were 21-30 years and 22(17.6%) were 31-40 years. Sex distribution of the population where, 85(68.0%) were male and 40(32.0%) were female. Conclusion: Single-donor apheresis platelet transfusions produced higher platelet counts, whereas random donor platelet also effective in preventing hemorrhage.
Neurodevelopmental Comorbidities in Children with Epilepsy in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Hossain Dr. Umme Saima , Mouree Dr. Sabreena Farah , Sharifa Dr. Tanjina , Tasnim Dr. Galiba , Adnan Dr. Mohammad Ahad
Published: March 2023

Background: Epilepsy is chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovked seizure of cerebral origin with motor, sensory or autonomic disturbance with or without loss of consciousness. A wide spectrum of comorbid conditions either coexist at the time of presentation in a child with epilepsy or develop subsequently. These are often concern to the parents-at times even more than the seizures themselves as the seizures may be under controlled with AEDs. In children it is occassionaly associated with variable comorbidites although the frequency of such comorbidity is often difficult to determine. Many comorbidites associated with epilepsy are age dependent, earliar the insult of seizure, more damage to the growing brain. So, very early onset (<6months) seizure group showed more impairments that early onset group( >6months of age). Objectives: To identify neurodevelopmental comorbidites of children with epilepsy attending in child development center of ICMH. Methods: This cross sectional study was done from 8th March 2016 to 8th September 2016 at SCDDMC of ICMH. Detailed information were obtained in each cases according to protocol. Complete history was taken either from patient or accompying attendants. All epilepsy (15months to 15years) patient attending in Saleh child development & disability management center, had been follow- up there for at least 1year. Result: In this study, among the 175 children with epilepsy, Mean age of the studied children was 4.7(±2.8):age range 1- 2years.Male were 129(73.7%) and female were 46(26.3%),male female ratio was M:F-2.8:1.Demographic characteristics of epilepsy among studied cases showed that 27(15.4%) children came from low income group,129(73.7%) children came from middle income group,19(10.9%) came from high income group. In this study, 102(58.3%) patients had onset of seizure before 1months of age. Mean age of onset of seizure was found 9.9±21.4months. Majority 102(58.3%) patients had generalized clonic, .....
Knowledge and Awareness of Healthcare Professionals about Infant Oral Health
Authors: Malkawi Sonia Adnan , Khater Ahmed Yousef Atwa , Moussa Shady A.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The strategy of utilizing primary medical care to promote oral health is particularly necessary and especially through infant oral health measures (IOH). Pediatricians and family physicians were knowledgeable about some aspects of ECC and infant oral health but were uncertainly identifying dental caries and the early signs of ECC. The majority of physicians reported that they play an important role and are involved in promoting the oral health of children in their practices. Aim: This cross-sectional study was designed to assess baseline knowledge of infant oral health IOH among healthcare professionals. Design: An online self-reported cross-sectional survey was designed to assess awareness about IOH. A total number of 449 healthcare professionals (dentists, physicians, nurses and dental assistances), working in facilities dealing with infant health responded to the survey in various countries. The survey was consisting of 12 questions regarding IOH. A score of 70% or more was considered as a “pass” score based. Results: Descriptive and analytic statistics were performed for all groups and subgroups based on their responses which reflect their awareness of IOH. Around 53% of health professionals (n= 242) were able to achieve pass scores, while 47% of health professionals (n=207) did not achieve it. Regarding demographic and occupational characteristics there was a significant difference in pass rate about age (p< 0.001) being lower in the age group below 30 years. We also found a significant difference in pass rate in relation to gender and type of job (p< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in relation to the duration of the experience (p> 0.05). Conclusion: There is a need for continuous education and training programs on updated oral health measures for all healthcare providers. This study calls for further research to evaluate the role of various factors involved in IOH care and to effectively educate all healthcare providers.
MERGER OF VODAFONE AND IDEA
Authors: Dhananjay Mani Tripathi
Published: March 2023

The Vodafone-Idea merger, the largest merger in the history of the Indian telecom industry, was an attempt to address the growing dominance of Reliance Jio, which started offering free services, thereby gaining a significant market share. The primary aim of the merger was to instill confidence in the telecom companies during a price war. The merger of Vodafone and Idea had a significant impact on the telecom sector, surpassing Bharti Airtel to become the largest cellular service provider in some markets and the second-largest in others. This paper discusses the reasons behind the merger, the conditions of the merger and the impact of the merger on telecom industry.
KEYWORDS: Vodafone, Idea, Merger, Reliance Jio, Telecom Industry.
Taxation of agricultural sector in Ukraine
Authors: Alieksieiev Ihor V. , Synyutka Nataliya H. , Kurylo Oksana B.
Published: March 2023

Effective development of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy is possible only under the condition of stability and optimal tax legislation. Transparent and equal conditions for all entities in the industry will allow the agro-industrial complex to become a highly efficient and competitive sector. The article addresses the research and analysis of transformational changes in the taxation of agricultural producers in Ukraine during 2015-2017 and their fiscal manifestations. Special tax regimes for agricultural producers until 2015 are analyzed. The positive and negative consequences of the implementation of tax reforms are studied, in particular, the results of the introduction of a separate group of individual taxpayers for the taxation of agricultural enterprises are considered, and the dynamics of the volume of its receipts to local budgets are analyzed. The main problems that arose in the agrarian sector as a result of the reform carried out by the state regarding the value-added tax (VAT) levying on agricultural enterprises are highlighted, and the impact of this reform on the profitability of these enterprises is revealed. The volumes of VAT revenues and amounts of budget compensation for agricultural enterprises are analyzed. Since the support of the agrarian sector belongs to the strategic priorities of the development of the national economy, the main aspects of further reforms in the system of taxation of agricultural enterprises are outlined. It will contribute to their activities’ efficiency growth, improvement of the financial condition, and development of agricultural production in Ukraine. The authors highlight the advantages and disadvantages of implemented tax reforms, including in the context of increasing/decreasing the tax burden on the sector during 2011-2021. Conclusions are made regarding the validity of the 2015 tax reform in the conditions of fiscal transformation.
Natural resources capacity to secure sanatorium and resort activity in the Carpathian region
Authors: Kiptach Fedir Y.
Published: March 2023

The area and the present population in the oblasts of the Carpathian region are outlined as of 1 January 2022. The content of “natural resources of tourism and recreation activity” is substantiated. The group of tourism and recreation activity is suggested to be divided into three subgroups – sanatorium and resort activity, tourism and health-improving activity, and tourism and recreation activity. The natural resources capacity to secure sanatorium and resort activity in the Carpathian region is analyzed across the parameters of balance reserves of underground mineral and thermal waters, therapeutic peloids, and ozocerite. The largest balance reserves of underground mineral waters are concentrated in Lvivska and Zakarpatska oblasts, while Chernivetska and Ivano-Frankivska oblasts have somewhat fewer reserves. Thermal underground mineral waters are estimated in the deposits in Berehove of Zakarpatska oblast. Peloids are developed in Velykolyubinske and Cherchenske deposits of Lvivska and Ivano-Frankivska oblasts, respectively. The state balance includes only the Boryslavske ozocerite deposit in Lvivska oblast. Competitive advantages of securing the coverage of the region’s oblasts’ population with balneological resources are suggested to be estimated based on total partial indices, while those of the region – the composite integral index. The ranking is performed based on the results of total partial indices calculated as a total of partial indices of the coverage of the region’s oblasts’ population with various types of balneological resources. The analysis of the ranking scale shows that Zakarpatska and Lvivska oblasts are ranked first and second, respectively, and Ivano-Frankivska and Chernivetska oblasts are third and fourth in competitive advantages of the coverage of the oblasts’ population with balneological resources. Lvivska oblast prevails in the variety of balneological resources for the provision of health-improving and tourism-health-improving services. The coverage of the population of oblasts and the Carpathian region with balneological resources depends on their balance reserves and is inversely proportional to the present population.
РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНИХ ЗАСАД СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ БІЗНЕСУ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ВОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ
Authors: Хумарова Ніна  , Магац Наталія
Published: March 2023

Стаття присвячена обґрунтуванню необхідності реалізації концептуальних засад соціальної відповідальності бізнесу задля забезпечення раціонального водокористування в Україні. Основною метою дослідження є визначення ролі реалізації концептуальних засад соціальної відповідальності бізнесу в контексті забезпечення раціонального водокористування в Україні. Проаналізувавши вагомі напрацювання іноземних та вітчизняних науковців, було виявлено, що основна увага у дослідженнях приділяється загальному визначенню сутності концепції соціальної відповідальності бізнесу, напрямам, інструментам та проблемам її впровадження на підприємствах різних галузей економіки. Однак, подальших досліджень все ж потребують питання, що стосуються трендів розвитку соціально-відповідального бізнесу у сфері водокористування та застосування кращих практик соціально-відповідального бізнесу задля забезпечення раціонального використання водних ресурсів. Актуальність вирішення даної наукової проблеми полягає у тому, що Україна є однією з найменш забезпечених прісною водою країн Європи, проте характеризується високим рівнем техногенного навантаження на водний басейн. Оскільки підприємницький сектор має найбільший вплив на стан водних ресурсів, то й відповідальність за негативні наслідки бізнес-діяльності повинна бути саме на бізнес-суб’єктах. У статті представлені результати аналізу рівня водоємності ВВП України, які свідчать про те, що ефективність використання водних ресурсів в Україні є однією з найнижчих у Європі. Авторами розглянуто компоненти соціальної відповідальності підприємств ВКГ, запропоновано методичні рекомендації щодо їх оцінки та визначено їх функціональну залежність. На основі проведеного аналізу трендів розвитку соціально-відповідального бізнесу у сфері водокористування було запропоновано застосування кращих світових практик, що спрямовані на раціональне водокористування в Україні.
The impact of target costing on the competitiveness and financial security of enterprises
Authors: SZCZERBAK Monika
Published: March 2023

The main goal of companies operating on the market is the desire to achieve success. The feelings and criteria for assessing the company's success are varied. For employees, success means a high level of remuneration, additional non-wage benefits, job security and a good atmosphere at the workplace. Management measures success with financial results, product quality, market share, customer satisfaction, innovation, production efficiency, manufacturing costs, and the company's image.In the literature on the subject, the basic measure of the company's success is achieving a competitive advantage, gaining a relatively large market share, which will ensure financial security allowing for further development.Financial security depends largely on the extent to which management knowledge is known and understood, what are the financial skills and behavior of the management staff, the use of which contributes to the effective management of the company's resources.In the current economic reality, gaining a competitive advantage by an enterprise is a difficult and complicated process. The determinants of competitiveness and financial stability are not only the products and services offered by economic entities, but the unique and specific knowledge in the enterprise. This fact caused the search and implementation of modern methods and concepts known as the lean approach.The lean approach in the field of management is currently the dominant approach in Polish literature. Among the many publications in this area, we can mention, inter alia, the studies by Ohl, Sobańska, Wawer, Obłója et al. , Świderska and Raulinajtys, Michalak, Krajewska and Stronczek, Szczerbak.The aim of the article is to show the impact of target costing - a lean management tool on the competitiveness and financial security of enterprises. To achieve this goal, the method of analyzing the literature on the subject was used.
Concrete impact strength as a measure of the resistance of a structure to external destructive energy
Authors: BARYŁKA Adam , Fic Stanisław , Jarosz-Hadam Monika
Published: March 2023

This paper presents authors’ own tests of the impact strength of concrete. The impact tests were carried out using a pendulum ballistic hammer, two types of concrete with natural aggregate: with pebble (river) gravel aggregate and medium-grained crushed granite aggregate. The concretes were tested on cubic specimens with varying W/C ratios (0.40; 0.45; 0.50; 0.55). The surface roughness of the grains in the aggregates used for the concretes was measured using a profilometer. Concrete impact strength was determined by the energy absorbed by the specimen until failure. Concrete impact strength (EA) was compared with compressive strength (fc), tensile strength (fct) and stress intensity factor (K1c).