bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenging in leprosy relapse with antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis: A case report
Authors: Kolahi Sousan , Ghadakchi Leyla , Jabbaripour Sarmadian Amirreza , Azimi Hamideh , Jafarpour Mehdi , Khalaji Amirreza
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Infectious diseases like leprosy can cause antiphospholipid antibodies, leading to blood clots. Clinicians should consider this for patients with unusual thrombotic events and prior infectious disease history.

This case report details the diagnostic challenge of a 42‐year‐old man with a history of treated leprosy who presented with clinical features suggestive of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Vascular angiography revealed thrombosis, and serological tests were positive for APS antibodies. However, the patient subsequently developed symptoms, including thenar atrophy, paresthesia, and hypopigmented skin patches, which prompted further investigation. Electromyography detected sensorimotor polyneuropathy, while a nerve biopsy indicated a resurgence or chronic presence of leprosy. Despite initial APS management, the case evolved into a leprosy relapse confirmation after 20 years of remission, underscoring the diagnostic intricacies when concurrent autoimmune antibodies and infectious disease manifestations are present. This report emphasizes the importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis, including the potential for infectious disease relapse, in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. It illustrates the necessity of an interdisciplinary treatment approach in complex clinical scenarios.
A rare case of Fanconi anemia with Mitomycin C sensitivity: A pediatrics case report
Authors: Bhatt Vraj , Rohatgi Sunidhi , Singh Mansi
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Fanconi anemia with Mitomycin C sensitivity is a rare, complex hematological condition. Our case study emphasizes the significance of early diagnosis, appropriate genetic testing, and cautious use of chemotherapeutic agents.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital anomalies, and predisposition to cancer. Here, we present the case of a 6‐year‐old boy with a known diagnosis of Fanconi anemia who exhibited sensitivity to Mitomycin C. The patient had a history of recurrent blood transfusions due to anemia and was referred to our institution following worsening symptoms, including pallor, swelling in limbs, and respiratory distress. Physical examination revealed characteristic features of FA such as mesomelia, low‐set ears, hyperpigmented macules, microcephaly, micropthalmos, and thumb hypoplasia. Imaging studies demonstrated bilateral radial hypoplasia and congenital agenesis of the left kidney. Laboratory investigations revealed pancytopenia, aberrant liver function tests, and elevated inflammatory markers. Importantly, the patient exhibited sensitivity to Mitomycin C, highlighting the necessity for caution in selecting chemotherapeutic agents in FA patients. This case underscores the importance of early recognition, comprehensive evaluation, and tailored management strategies of patients with Fanconi anemia to optimize outcomes and minimize complications.
A case of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia mimicking acute otomastoiditis
Authors: Negara Ivan , Chemencedji Inga , Dobrovolschi Natalia , Sporis Natalia , Buruiana Sanda , Vinogradov Igor
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Identifying myeloid sarcoma in rare locations is a diagnostic challenge and requires careful evaluation. The optimal management of extramedullary disease requires further investigation, but tissue biopsy and a personalized approach are crucial.

Herein, we describe an unusual case of acute myeloid leukemia presenting with an isolated involvement of the temporal bone after a complete remission of systemic disease for more than a year. The clinical, radiological, and pathological features are discussed, highlighting the importance of considering differential diagnoses and appropriate management.
Applications of Organosilanes in Visible Light‐induced Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Hou Liuzhen , Cao Weidi , Feng Xiaoming
Published: March 2024

Over the past decades, visible light‐mediated photocatalysis has found a mainstream of applications in synthetic chemistry. Organosilanes have been proven to be a useful class of electron donors to generate the highly active radical species via photoinduced single electron transfer oxidation/fragmentation sequence, which may undergo follow‐up radical coupling or addition process. This minireview highlights the comprehensive advances of organosilanes in photoredox catalyzed asymmetric organic synthesis, with particular emphasis placed on reaction mechanisms. We hope that this review will inspire further design and development of new reactions with such class of readily accessible reagents.
FIRE DESIGN OF STEEL MEMBER BY COMPONENT‐BASED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: Der Batuhan , Wald František , Vild Martin
Published: March 2024

The Component‐Based Finite Element Method (CBFEM) is the quite commonly used method to analyse and design connections of steel structures. It is the combination of the analytical component method and the numerical Finite Element Method (FEM). In this paper, the CBFEM is applied to analyse steel beams and columns at elevated temperature. The main objective of this study is to verify the CBFEM for predicting the resistance of steel members at elevated temperatures.
NUMERICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF INNOVATIVE DEMOUNTABLE BEAM‐COLUMN CONNECTIONS USING LONG BOLTS
Authors: Janković Neda , Dobrić Jelena , Gluhović Nina , Conde Jorge , Ljubinković Filip , da Silva Luís Simões
Published: March 2024

Circular design strategies such as adaptivity, detachability, and reusability represent new challenges and increased demands on the future‐proof buildings sector. To contribute to the circularity and sustainability of the steel construction sector, an innovative solution of beam‐column moment‐resisting joints with long bolts and short steel elements (links) is proposed, enabling an extension in the service length of existing steel members. This paper assesses the influencing connection parameters (e.g. bolt preload, bolt length and diameter, end plate thickness, etc.) on the moment (flexural) resistance, stiffness, rotation, ductility, and failure modes of base configurations of these joints.
SLIP‐RESISTANT CONNECTIONS. COMPARISON OF FRICTION AREAS IN SLIP FACTOR TEST SPECIMENS ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL CODES
Authors: Fuente A. , Serrano‐López M.A. , López‐Colina C. , López‐Gayarre F.
Published: March 2024

There are differences in the slip factor tests used in international codes. In many cases, different slip factors have been obtained for almost the same surfaces. The existing literature confirmed that the discrepancies could be due to different slip criteria, preload levels, measurement methods, etc. However, the specimens used in each test have not been dimension‐ally compared. An analytical comparative study has been carried out comparing the friction disc of seven international codes. It has been verified if the differences found can be compensated with the different preloads indicated in each test. The results confirm that they are not, and that geometric differences are important in explaining the different slip factors.
A NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON FIRE PERFORMANCE OF INDUSTRIAL STEEL WAREHOUSES PROTECTED WITH GYPSUM‐BASED BOARDS
Authors: Aghabozorgi Pegah , Laím Luís , Santiago Aldina
Published: March 2024

This paper studies the fire performance of steel warehouse with their main elements insulated with fire protection boards composed of gypsum‐based mortars with perlite using the heat transfer and thermomechanical analysis in finite element (FE) software. The primary aim is to identify the optimal thickness of the fire protections boards based on the assigned fire model in thermal analysis. Besides that, a parametric study is also conducted by considering various factors that are often overlooked or not explicitly mentioned in fire design guidelines, such as EN 1991‐1‐2. The findings facilitate the development of optimized fire design approaches, ensuring the structural integrity and safety of steel warehouses under fire conditions.
CONCRETE‐FILLED COLD‐FORMED STEEL BUILT‐UP COMPOSITE STUB COLUMNS
Authors: Rahnavard R. , Craveiro H.D. , Simões R.A. , Torabian S. , Schafer B.W.
Published: March 2024

Cold‐formed steel (CFS) products are extremely versatile and can be used in multiple applications. Recent experimental tests by the authors have shown that the application of composite columns comprising CFS built‐up sections filled with lightweight concrete is feasible and can lead to substantial improvements in structural performance. However, there are no design guidelines specifically for these columns. Moreover, the applicability of the available design methods to predict the axial load‐bearing capacity of these types of columns has yet to be investigated; this is, therefore, the focus of the present study.
STUDY ON THE STRUCTURAL AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF A COLD‐FORMED STEEL FRAME PANEL UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS
Authors: Frizon Felipe , Rossetto Diego Rizzotto , Piloto Paulo A. G.
Published: March 2024

The Light Steel Frame (LSF) construction system is a method that utilizes light and galvanized steel structures composed of cold‐formed profiles. These profiles come together to create both structural and non‐structural frames, with various coatings. However, in fire situations, the metal structure can be affected, altering its mechanical properties and potentially leading to collapse. This study examined the behavior of a Steel Frame structural panel coated with gypsum boards during a fire, using numerical analyses with the ANSYS software. The results provided insights into the fire resistance of the structure.
The updated College of American Pathologists principles of analytic validation of immunohistochemical assays: A step forward for cytopathology
Authors: Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita
Published: March 2024

Updated College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations include specific guidelines for validating immunohistochemistry assays performed on cytology specimens. The new recommendations may be the impetus needed to open the door to a wider adoption of cytology specimens into routine clinical practice for immunochemistry‐based assays that drive patient care and biomarker‐driven therapeutics.
An Efficient Supported Cu(I) Catalyst for the Amination of Aryl Halides with Sodium Azide
Authors: Fekri Somayeh , Mansoori Yagoub , Akinay Yuksel , Çetin Tayfun , John Michael
Published: March 2024

We present the synthesis and characterization of a new Cu(I) complex supported on SBA‐15 as a catalyst for preparing anilines from the reaction of aryl halides with sodium azide. The SBA‐15 support was modified by treating it sequentially with (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), cyanuric chloride, and 2‐aminothiazole (AT). The modified mesoporous silica, SBA‐15@BAT, was then treated with a CuI solution in acetonitrile to give SBA‐15@BAT‐Cu(I). The catalyst underwent thorough characterization using conventional methods. X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis corroborated the presence of copper in the +1 oxidation state in the catalyst. The supported Cu(I) complex sufficiently catalyzed the amination reaction of iodo‐, bromo‐, and chloroarenes with NaN3. The catalyst was centrifuged, washed, and applied in the subsequent run. We investigated the effects of various reaction components and parameters to determine the optimal conditions for the reaction. The heterogeneous catalyst exhibited noticeable stability and was reused over seven runs with slight deactivation.
Effects of Cyclic Glycopolymers Molecular Mobility on their Interactions with Lectins
Authors: Jin Wenkang , Nagao Masanori , Kumon Yusuke , Matsumoto Hikaru , Hoshino Yu , Miura Yoshiko
Published: March 2024

Cyclic polymers, which are found in the field of biopolymers, exhibit unique physical properties such as suppressed molecular mobility. Considering thermodynamics, the suppressed molecular mobility of cyclic polymers is expected to prevent unfavorable entropy loss in molecular interactions. In this study, we synthesized cyclic glycopolymers carrying galactose units and investigated the effects of their molecular mobility on the interactions with a lectin (peanut agglutinin). The synthesized cyclic glycopolymers exhibited delayed elution time on size exclusion chromatography and a short spin‐spin relaxation time, indicating typical characteristics of cyclic polymers, including smaller hydrodynamic size and suppressed molecular mobility. The hemagglutination inhibition assay revealed that the cyclic glycopolymers exhibited weakened interactions with peanut agglutinin compared to the linear counterparts, attributable to the suppressed molecular mobility. Although the results are contrary to our expectations, the impact of polymer topology on molecular recognition remains intriguing, particularly in the context of protein repellent activity in the biomedical field.
Diagnostic utility of cytology in a patient with Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive mucocutaneous ulcer in palatine tonsils: A case report
Authors: Doi Mieko , Hamada Mei , Ishizawa Keisuke , Fushimi Naoki , Kase Yasuhiro , Ikezono Tetsuo , Tamaru Jun‐ichi , Yamada Taketo
Published: March 2024

Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) is a newly established immunodeficiency‐related disease. Herein, we report a case of EBVMCU and focus on its cytological usefulness for diagnosis. An 82‐year‐old man manifested pharyngalgia, dysphagia, and oral pain. His medical history included rheumatoid arthritis that had been treated with methotrexate. Clinically, peritonsillar abscess was suspected, but since neoplastic lesions, including malignant lymphoma (ML), could not be excluded, a series of cytohistological examination was attempted. Despite some alarming findings (e.g., frequent mitoses), fine‐needle aspiration and touch imprint cytology consistently revealed a heterogeneous population of lymphoid and plasmacytoid cells with mild nuclear atypia. The final diagnosis of EBVMCU was established based on the permanent histologic specimen; however, retrospectively, cytology was more representative of the benign nature of the lesion than histology, helping a great deal to differentiate it from ML. Cytology can be a useful tool for the correct diagnosis of EBVMCU.
An LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of drugs of abuse included THC‐COOH, EtG, and NPS, using a single hair extraction sample
Authors: Longo Valentina , Stocchero Giulia , Lucchiari Manuela , Marchio Giovanni Michele , Donini Flora , Ingenito Francesco , Bertoldi Lucia , Pecoraro Lucia , Anesi Adriano , Favretto Donata
Published: March 2024

Hair analysis plays an important role in the determination of drugs of abuse in both forensic and clinical toxicology investigations. The analysis of different substances often requires the use of different sample preparation methods, thereby increasing the amount of hair sample and time required. In the present study, a fast method involving a combination of a single 25 mg hair extraction procedure and four liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry methods using the same chromatographic phases and column was developed and validated. The target was the identification and quantification of various commonly abused drugs and their metabolites, including amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, cannabinoids, THC‐COOH and EtG, and more than 140 new psychoactive substances, including synthetic cannabinoids, phenethylamines, synthetic opioids, methylphenidate, cathinone, piperidine, and tryptamines.
Endogenous nature of estra‐4,9‐diene‐3,17‐dione in entire male horses
Authors: Ho Helen S. M. , Ho Emmie N. M. , Wong Wing‐Tak
Published: March 2024

Estra‐4,9‐diene‐3,17‐dione (dienedione) is an anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) sold as a bodybuilding supplement. It is prohibited in both human and equine sports. With no report of 4,9‐diene configuration in endogenous steroids, dienedione has long been considered a synthetic AAS. Nevertheless, the reoccurring detection of dienedione in colt (entire male horse) urine samples lead to the investigation of its possible endogenous nature in horses. This paper describes (i) the detection of naturally occurring dienedione in colts, (ii) the conjugation study of dienedione and (iii) the population study of free and glucuronide‐conjugated dienedione in colt urine. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of dienedione content in colt urine were performed, employing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS).

Qualitative analyses showed that dienedione was endogenous in colt urine and mainly in the form of glucuronide conjugates. Glucuronidation of dienedione was believed to happen at 3‐enol leading to dienedione‐3‐glucuronide. Upon the population study of free and glucuronide‐conjugated dienedione in colt urine samples (n = 175), the mean ± SD was determined to be 2.5 ± 3.5 ng/ml. The population data fitted a normal distribution after a fifth root transformation with the exclusion of one outlier by Grubb's test. A possible in‐house threshold was proposed at 30 ng/ml of free and glucuronide‐conjugated dienedione in colt urine associated with a risk factor of 1 in 14,269 (with a degree of freedom of 173). This is the first report of endogenous dienedione in entire male horses and the approach for controlling its potential misuse by using a threshold is also presented.
Cycling Stability of a 2D Pristine MOF Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Lingmei , Zhao Qian , Feng Chao , Zhang Guoning , Wang Yucheng , Li Yan , Sun Wenjuan , Zhao Hong
Published: March 2024

Two‐dimensional (2D) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been a worldwide research interest due to their potential application in supercapacitors. Herein, a cobalt‐based layered MOF ([Co2(μ‐SO4)(Hppza)2(H2O)3]n, namely, SEU‐1; H2ppza=3‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐5‐carboxylic acid) has been synthesized via a one‐step solvothermal method. Single X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that the SEU‐1 exhibits a (3,3,4)‐connected 2D structure with a Schläfli symbol of (62 ⋅ 8)(63)(64 ⋅ 8 ⋅ 10). Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility data display that antiferromagnetic interactions between two CoII ions exist in SEU‐1. The supercapacitive performance has been evaluated in the three‐electrode system. Its maximum specific capacitance is 145.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, along with the specific capacitance retention of 92.7 % at the current density of 5 A g−1 after 6000 cycles in 3 M KOH solution. These results demonstrate that SEU‐1 is a good candidate for electrode material for electrochemical energy storage.
Synthesis, Characterisation, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, Magnetic Susceptibility, DFT Calculations, pkCSM Profile, and Biological Activities of Novel Mono‐, Di‐, and Multinuclear Cobalt (II) Complexes
Authors: Khaoua Oussama , Mouffouk Soumia , Benbellat Noura , Zeroual Samira , Golhen Stéphane , Gouasmia Abdelkrim , Chermette Henry , Haba Hamada
Published: March 2024

This study explores the synthesis and diverse properties of newly synthesised water‐soluble cobalt (II) complexes (1–3). Analysis of the complexes through various methods, including Hirshfeld surface analysis, reveals distinctive intermolecular interactions, particularly robust H‐bonding contributions to crystal packing. 2D fingerprint plots provide quantitative insights into supramolecular interactions, while TGA‐DSC analysis elucidates multi‐step decomposition processes, mainly involving organic moieties. FT‐IR and SCXRD confirm the structures of the complexes. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show paramagnetic behaviour in all complexes. FMO calculations expose HOMO‐LUMO gaps and charge transfer processes, with NBO analysis emphasizing the significance of chloride, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms in coordination. In addition, pkCSM profile was carried out. The biological properties of the complexes reveal potent antibacterial activity for 2 and 3 against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Despite lower antibacterial efficacy compared to standard antibiotics, their water solubility suggests potential human pharmacological applications. In terms of anti‐inflammatory activity, all three complexes exhibit concentration‐dependent prevention of ovalbumin denaturation, with 2 being the most effective. Compound 3, despite having seven carboxyl groups, exhibits the weakest anti‐inflammatory effect, potentially attributed to complex formation obscuring these groups. Furthermore, all complexes display antioxidant activities; 1 and 2 are greater than BHT in the ferric thiocyanate assay.
The mechanisms of melatonin in low‐temperature stress tolerance in postharvest fruits and vegetables
Authors: Bhardwaj Renu , Sati Hansika , Oberoi Harinder Singh , Pareek Sunil
Published: March 2024

Low‐temperature storage of fresh fruits and vegetables, especially below the critical storage temperatures, leads to chilling injury that makes the produce unsuitable for market use. Postharvest application of melatonin for chilling injury alleviation in fruits and vegetables is an alternative preventive measure for the longer persistence of fresh produce on the market. This review classified the mechanisms involved in melatonin‐mediated chilling tolerance into physiological, biochemical (sugar metabolism, organic acids, lignification and respiratory modulation, ripening, senescence, membrane structure, maintenance of the antioxidant system, endogenous proline, endogenous polyamine, γ‐amino butyric acid shunt pathway, and modulation of energy status), and hormonal (ethylene, indole acetic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid regulation) pathways. Melatonin acted via several mechanisms, including antioxidant activity elevation, induction of antioxidant enzymes, gene expression regulation, gamma‐aminobutyric acid shunt pathway, induction of stress‐tolerant proteins, and cell membrane stabilization. However, dose and duration of exposure optimization, along with alternative means for mass production of melatonin, is required to promote trails.
Entropy analysis on thermophoretic magnetohydrodynamic Couette flow over a deformable porous channel with temperature‐dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity
Authors: Das Utpal Jyoti , Patgiri Indushri
Published: March 2024

In this study, we have investigated magnetohydrodynamic Couette flow across a deformable porous regime with entropy generation having equal suction and injection velocities. The aim of this work is to analyze the novel impact of thermophoresis deposition, activation energy, and magnetic effect by considering viscosity and thermal conductivity as dependent on temperature in a deformable porous regime. The dimensional equations are turned into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through proper similarity variables. To solve these ODEs, we utilized the MATLAB bvp4c approach. Graphs are used to study the behavior of many physical parameters such as skin friction, Bejan number, velocity, displacement, entropy generation, concentration, and temperature. It is found that the viscosity parameter reduces the solid displacement, whereas it enhances the fluid concentration. Due to the impact of suction/injection and drag parameters, fluid velocity becomes reduced. The thermal conductivity parameter raises entropy generation and temperature, but it decays the Bejan number. The volume fraction parameter plays an interesting behavior in skin friction. Moreover, the current work is compared with prior research work while neglecting the newly introduced effects, and the results remain consistent.
Preventing breast milk HIV transmission using broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies: One size does not fit all
Authors: Van de Perre Philippe , Scarlatti Gabriella , Moore Penny L. , Molès Jean‐Pierre , Nagot Nicolas , Tylleskär Thorkild , Gray Glenda , Goga Ameena
Published: March 2024

Key messages

Passive immunoprophylaxis with broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) could be a game changer in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition.

The prevailing view is that available resources should be focused on identifying a fixed combination of at least three bNAbs for universal use in therapeutic and preventive protocols, regardless of target populations or routes of transmission.

HIV transmission through breastfeeding is unique: it involves free viral particles and cell‐associated virus from breast milk and, in the case of acute/recent maternal infection, a viral population with restricted Env diversity.

HIV transmission through breastfeeding in high incidence/prevalence areas could potentially be eliminated by subcutaneous administration to all newborns of one or two long‐acting bNAbs with extended breadth, high potency, and effector properties (ADCC, phagocytosis) against circulating HIV strains.
Combined effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on the risk of liver cancer according to metabolic syndrome: A nested case–control study in South Korea
Authors: Bui Thi Tra , Park Eunjung , Kang Hee‐Yeon , Oh Jin‐Kyoung
Published: March 2024

Tobacco and alcohol may interact to increase the risk of liver cancer, which might be modified by other risk factors. Their combined effects in the context of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain unclear. Given the increasing prevalence of MetS, this nested case–control study was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on liver cancer risk with stratification by MetS. We included 15,352 liver cancer patients and 92,112 matched controls who attended the nationwide general health examination during 2009–2019, using a customized database (N = 5,545,835) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Liver cancer risk according to smoking and alcohol consumption was estimated using conditional multivariable logistic regression. Additive and multiplicative interactions between these two factors were assessed. Results showed that in men, dual current users were at a significantly higher risk of liver cancer compared with dual nonusers, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval: (1.50, 1.72). Interactions were detected between light‐to‐moderate alcohol consumption (0.1–28 g/day) and heavy smoking (>20 pack‐years) on additive scale, relative excess risk due to interaction = 0.34 (0.16, 0.51), attributable proportion = 0.22 (0.11, 0.33), synergy index = 2.75 (1.85, 3.66), and multiplicative scale, aOR for the product term = 1.28 (1.11, 1.49). An additive interaction was also revealed between light‐to‐moderate drinking and light‐to‐moderate smoking in the MetS subgroup. In women, light‐to‐moderate drinking/nonsmoking was negatively associated with the risk in the non‐MetS subgroup. In conclusion, a holistic health promotion program should target male dual users of tobacco cigarettes and alcohol, including light‐to‐moderate users, especially those with MetS.
CEO cultural heritage and R&D expenditures
Authors: Ha Yu Sung , Kang Jangkoo , Kwon Kyung Yoon
Published: March 2024

This paper examines how the cultural heritage of chief executive officers (CEOs) in US firms affects research and development (R&D) investment. Utilizing economically significant and unexpected R&D‐increasing events, we examine how six dimensions of CEO cultural heritage—individualism, power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long‐term orientation, and indulgence—influence it. We find that CEOs with a high–power distance heritage are more likely to increase R&D. We confirm that this effect of CEO power distance is robust to other cultural effects, the model specification, and endogeneity issues. We conjecture that CEOs with a high–power distance heritage are more likely to increase R&D expenditures because they use their power to pursue personal objectives. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that R&D increases made by CEOs with a high–power distance culture generate significantly lower benefits in the future, reflecting the inefficiency of these R&D investment decisions.
Long‐term and short‐term plasticity independently mimicked in highly reliable Ru‐doped Ge2Sb2Te5 electronic synapses
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wang Yachuan , Wang Yankun , Jiang Luyue , Zhao Jinyan , Song Zhitang , Bi Jinshun , Zhao Libo , Jiang Zhuangde , Schwarzkopf Jutta , Wu Shengli , Zhang Bin , Ren Wei , Song Sannian , Niu Gang
Published: March 2024

In order to fulfill the complex cognitive behaviors in neuromorphic systems with reduced peripheral circuits, the reliable electronic synapses mimicked by single device that achieves diverse long‐term and short‐term plasticity are essential. Phase change random access memory (PCRAM) is of great potential for artificial synapses, which faces, however, difficulty to realize short‐term plasticity due to the long‐lasting resistance drift. This work reports the ruthenium‐doped Ge2Sb2Te5 (RuGST) based PCRAM, demonstrating a series of synaptic behaviors of short‐term potentiation, pair‐pulse facilitation, long‐term depression, and short‐term plasticity in the same single device. The optimized RuGST electronic synapse with the high transformation temperature of hexagonal phase >380°C, the outstanding endurance >108 cycles, the low resistance drift factor of 0.092, as well as the extremely high linearity with correlation coefficients of 0.999 and 0.976 in parts of potentiation and depression. Further investigations also go insight to mechanisms of Ru doping according to thorough microstructure characterization, revealing that Ru dopant is able to enter GST lattices thus changing and stabilizing atomic arrangement of GST. This leads to the short‐term plasticity realized by RuGST PCRAM. Eventually, the proposed RuGST electronic synapses performs a high accuracy of ~94.1% in a task of image recognition of CIFAR‐100 database using ResNet 101. This work promotes the development of PCRAM platforms for large‐scale neuromorphic systems.
Navigating the assessment landscape: Dental students' perceptions of extended‐matching questions versus single‐correct answers
Authors: Lin Galvin Sim Siang , Hashim Hasnah
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The present study aims to evaluate students' perceptions of different types of written assessment within the context of dental materials science and to identify how various learning styles exhibited by dental students, as well as gender and ethnicity, may influence their perceptions of these assessment methods.

Methods

The study was conducted among second‐year dental students in a dental materials science class, during which students participated in a mock assessment that included extended matching questions (EMQs) and single correct answer (SCA) questions. An online questionnaire comprising three sections: demographic information, Honey and Mumford's Learning Styles Questionnaire, and 15 closed‐ended questionnaire items employing a 5‐point Likert scale were administered to assess students' perceptions of the assessment methods. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Kruskal‐Wallis test, Mann‐Whitney U test, and a post‐hoc Bonferroni test.

Results

All 70 students participated in the study with the majority being female, Chinese, and activist learners. Median total scores among various learning styles, gender, and ethnicity did not exhibit significant differences. Analysis of individual questionnaire items revealed mixed perceptions regarding EMQs. Reflectors generally held more positive perceptions of EMQs, while theorists showed the lowest total median scores toward EMQs. Most students did not prefer EMQs over SCAs, and some students expressed confusion about EMQs, especially those with a theorist learning style.

Conclusion

Although students generally showed good perceptions towards these assessment methods, further research is needed to better understand the interplay of learning styles, assessment preferences, and educational outcomes in dental education.
Heat waves in Poland: The relations to atmospheric circulation and Arctic warming
Authors: Jędruszkiewicz Joanna , Wibig Joanna , Piotrowski Piotr
Published: March 2024

From the beginning of the 21st century, the heat waves in Europe have become more frequent, severe and longer lasting, especially in the southern region. The longer duration of heat waves may be partly attributed to wave‐amplification, high‐amplitude waves in the mid‐latitudes, favouring the longer‐lasting blocking systems. The primary objective of the paper was to examine the long‐term changes of hot days and heat wave events and to identify the atmospheric circulation condition that prevails its occurrence. The other object was to investigate the correlations between hot days' occurrence in Poland and sea‐ice cover and sea surface temperature changes in the Arctic and its surroundings. Over the past few decades, Central and Southern Poland have experienced a considerable rise in maximum temperatures, which has led to an increase in the number of hot days. This increase is particularly prominent during the summer months (June, July and August) but also in May and September, which extends the hot season. Although heat waves have become more frequent and persistent since 2006, their mean intensity has remained unchanged. During all heat waves in Poland, the high‐pressure centre was located over the country or its close neighbourhood, mainly in the eastern sector but also in the south, southwest or over Scandinavia. The blocking systems were mainly related to the extended ridge of the Azores High, but also to strong blocking over the North Pole and Greenland reaching Scandinavia or anomalous high pressure in the East Arctic. The longest‐lasting heat waves were usually preceded by air masses advection from the Atlantic, but the highest potential temperature along the trajectories was observed for the southern direction of inflow. The growing number of hot days is statistically significantly related to the decreasing sea‐ice cover and increasing sea surface temperature in Arctic and Subarctic regions.
Randomized controlled trial of linaclotide in children aged 6−17 years with functional constipation
Authors: Di Lorenzo Carlo , Nurko Samuel , Hyams Jeffrey S. , Rodriguez‐Araujo Gerardo , Almansa Cristina , Shakhnovich Valentina , Saps Miguel , Simon Michael
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase‐C agonist, was recently approved in the United States for treatment of children 6−17 years old with functional constipation (FC). This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of several linaclotide doses in children 6−17 years old with FC.

Methods

In this multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 2 study, 173 children with FC (based on Rome III criteria) were randomized to once‐daily linaclotide (A: 9 or 18 μg, B: 18 or 36 μg, or C: 36 or 72 μg) or placebo in a 1:1:1:1 ratio for 6‐ to 11‐year‐olds (dosage determined by weight: 18 to <35 or ≥35 kg) and linaclotide (18, 36, 72, or 145 μg) or placebo in a 1:1:1:1:1 ratio for 12‐ to 17‐year‐olds. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in weekly spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) frequency throughout the 4‐week treatment period. Adverse events (AE), clinical laboratory values, and electrocardiograms were monitored.

Results

Efficacy and safety were assessed in 173 patients (52.0% aged 6−11 years; 48.0% aged 12−17 years); 162 (93.6%) completed the treatment period. A numerical improvement in mean SBM frequency was observed with increasing linaclotide doses (1.90 in 6‐ to 11‐year‐olds [36 or 72 μg] and 2.86 in 12‐ to 17‐year‐olds [72 μg]). The most reported treatment‐emergent AE was diarrhea, with most cases being mild; none were severe.

Conclusions

Linaclotide was well tolerated in this pediatric population, with a trend toward efficacy in the higher doses, warranting further evaluation.
Organoids as an in vitro model to study human tumors and bacteria
Authors: Liu Naiyu , Liu Shuxi , Xu Xiaoyue , Nong XianXian , Chen Hong
Published: March 2024

Organoids faithfully replicate the morphological structure, physiological functions, stable phenotype of the source tissue. Recent research indicates that bacteria can significantly influence the initiation, advancement, and treatment of tumors. This article provides a comprehensive review of the applications of organoid technology in tumor research, the relationship between bacteria and the genesis and development of tumors, and the exploration of the impact of bacteria on tumors and their applications in research.
Sound the Alarm: The Sonographer Shortage Is Echoing Across Healthcare
Authors: Won Daniel , Walker James , Horowitz Russ , Bharadwaj Sandeep , Carlton Edward , Gabriel Helena
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The growth in ultrasound usage necessitates concurrent growth in the number of sonographers. Despite the increasing importance of ultrasound, there is a shortage of sonographers in the United States that has never been specifically quantified. This study examines recent trends in the number of ultrasound exams, sonography graduates, open sonographer positions, and wages.

Methods

This retrospective study uses public databases and surveys including the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), and Zippia, a human resources platform to determine metrics. These metrics include the number of ultrasound exams conducted in the United States (excluding inpatient setting), number of sonographers and sonographer wages, sonography graduates, and open sonographer positions.

Results

Ultrasound exams in the United States from 2011 to 2021 increased from 38.6 million to 59.8 million (+55.1%,) while the number of sonographers (2011–2021) increased from 54,760 to 78,640 (+43.6%). There was a significant difference between supply and demand of sonographers with the number of sonography graduates (2011–2021) increasing from 4,386 to 5,393 (+23.0%) while the number of open sonographer positions (2012–2021) increased from 18,462 to 25,162 (+36.3%).

Conclusions

From 2011 to 2021, the increase in the number of ultrasound exams has significantly outpaced the increase in the number of sonographers. Furthermore, the increase in demand for sonographers has grown significantly faster than the supply, leading to a shortage and consequent strain on the healthcare system. To address the shortage, the number of sonography school openings should be increased, and the attendant challenges addressed.
On‐Chip Multimode WGM Microresonator with Cross‐Correlation Algorithm for Enhanced Sensing
Authors: Mao Wenbo , Li Fu , Jia Di , Zhang Qian , Yang Lan
Published: March 2024

Optical whispering‐gallery‐mode (WGM) microresonators emerge as a frontrunner for precision measurement due to their high sensitivity and compact footprint. They have demonstrated superior capabilities in detecting a wide range of objects, spanning from variations in temperature, humidity, and magnetic field, to local perturbations caused by viruses or nanoparticles. Traditional methods often rely on monitoring spectral changes in a single WGM resonance to extract the relevant information of sensing targets. However, in scenarios involving multiple sensing targets of interest (e.g., molecule detection in a temperature‐fluctuating environment), analyzing only one resonant mode may be insufficient, leading to inaccuracies or misinterpretations in deriving target information. To address this issue, a multimode‐based cross‐correlation algorithm is proposed to distinguish local perturbations from global environmental fluctuations. For validation, on‐chip silicon microresonators and pulley bus waveguides are integrated for robust multimode excitation. A proof‐of‐concept experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of this method in detecting nanoparticles in an environment with temperature changes. This approach showcases versatility and applicability in various optical sensors, introducing new prospects for achieving high‐sensitivity sensing through scalable integrated photonic platforms.
Failure investigation of an elbow pipe used in sewage water treatment facility
Authors: Garg Siddharth , Bansal Sourabh , Murtaza Qasim
Published: March 2024

In this research work, a real case of failed ASTM A860 WPHY 65 long elbow pipe coated with inorganic zinc ethyl silicate primer is collected from a treatment facility to investigate the root causes of its failure, which was reported after approximately 28 months of use. The failure was investigated using visual observations, metallurgical analysis using optical emission spectroscopy, mechanical testing, X‐ray diffraction of corrosion product, chemical analysis of sewage and corrosion rate test of the elbow using a three‐electrode potential technique, fractographic analysis using scanning electron microscope along with computational analysis to confirm the results. Through the testing, it was observed that severe depletion in the strength can be attributed to erosion–corrosion caused by various impurities present in the sewage, leading to the generation of corrosion pits and turbulent eddies and stresses generated due to sudden changes in fluid flow direction along with gases present in sewage reacting with a base metal. Various failure mechanisms that have led to pipe failure are discussed in this paper, along with a listing of preventive measures to delay it.
Research on the influence mechanism of digital innovation in high‐tech enterprises — An inter‐organizational perspective
Authors: Wang Hongyang , Li Baizhou
Published: March 2024

Carrying out digital innovation is the main channel for enterprises to stimulate internal vitality and enhance core competitiveness in the digital economy era. Based on the Panel data of A‐share listed high‐tech enterprises from 2011 to 2020, this paper integrates digital strategy, executive incentive, and financial flexibility into the same analytical framework from an inter‐organizational perspective and uses the random effect Tobit model to study their direct or indirect effects on digital innovation. The research results indicate that digital strategy has a significant positive impact on digital innovation, while the indirect effect of diversified management weakens the positive impact of digital strategy, specifically manifested as the masking effect; executive incentives have a significant positive impact on digital innovation, while equity concentration negatively moderates the impact of executive incentives on digital innovation; financial flexibility has an inverted U‐shaped impact on digital innovation. The research results provide a theoretical basis and practical inspiration for the implementation of digital innovation within enterprises.
Athena: Smart order routing on centralized crypto exchanges using a unified order book
Authors: Henker Robert , Atzberger Daniel , Vollmer Jan Ole , Scheibel Willy , Döllner Jürgen , Bick Markus
Published: March 2024

Most cryptocurrency spot trading occurs on centralized crypto exchanges, where offers for buying and selling are organized via an order book. In liquid markets, the price achieved for buying and selling deviates only slightly from the assumed reference price, that is, trading is associated with low implicit costs. However, compared to traditional finance, crypto markets are still illiquid, and consequently, the reduction of implicit costs is crucial for any trading strategy and of high interest, especially for institutional investors. This paper describes the design and implementation of Athena, a system that automatically splits orders across multiple exchanges to minimize implicit costs. For this purpose, order books are collected from several centralized crypto exchanges and merged into an internal unified order book. In addition to price and quantity, the entries in the unified order book are enriched with information about the exchange. This enables a smart order routing algorithm to split an order into several slices and execute these on several exchanges to reduce implicit costs and achieve a better price. An extensive evaluation shows the savings of using the smart order routing algorithm.
“Death or conversion”: From welfare to famine in the Jewish quarter of Lleida, Spain (12th–14th century)
Authors: Nieto‐Espinet Ariadna , Valenzuela‐Lamas Sílvia , Moran Marta , Payà Xavier , Gil Isabel
Published: March 2024

The urban planning work carried out in the old seminary district of Lleida, over an area of more than 6,000 m2, uncovered important remains of the old Cuirassa quarter. This quarter was inhabited by the Jewish aljama between the 12th century and the end of the 15th century CE. Archeological excavations have documented streets, squares, and private spaces corresponding to several houses, one of which was destroyed by the Christian assault and fire of the Jewish quarter on 13 August 1391. The study of the important archeozoological assemblages from this area has made it possible to characterize, for the first time, the dietary practices of the Jewish communities in different periods of occupation of this neighborhood. In addition, the consumption of certain non‐kosher species in the late 14th century assemblages could be related with a situation of crisis or famine (which could correspond to the period after the attack of 1391), providing relevant data on the status and situation of the Jewish community in the city at that time. The results are consistent with the context defined by the historical sources, which describe an important period of decline after the attack.
Effect of modified graphene nanosheets on the properties of 222Rn and gamma ray multifunctional shielding polymer composite materials
Authors: Tan Songbo , Wang Guohui , Liu Jun , Chen Xiaoli , Tao Zui , Chen Jinlu , Yang Xuan , Peng Guowen
Published: March 2024

Development of shielding materials for 222Rn and γ radiation has crucial implications for ensuring the safety of individuals. This paper reports the synthesis of modified graphene nanosheets (MGNPs) via the reaction of KH560 with graphene nanosheets (GNPs), while melt blending and hot‐press molding technique were used to fabricate a multifunctional polymer composite shielding material, MGNP/WB/PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate). Successful synthesis of MGNP was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was utilized to assess the distribution of functional fillers within the cross‐section of the polymer composite. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that MGNP and WB particles enhance the thermal stability of the polymer composite materials. Compared to pure PMMA, 98.7% decrease in the radon diffusion coefficient was observed for MGNP1.5 wt%/PMMA composite material. In addition to enhance the radon‐blocking characteristics of the polymer composites, inclusion of WB particles also boosts their shielding capacity against gamma radiation. The 222Rn diffusion coefficient of MGNP1.5 wt%/WB25wt%/PMMA polymer composite material decreased by 99.6% and at energies of 60 KeV, 80 KeV, 122 KeV, 365 KeV, the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for the composite material increased by 0.79, 1.97, 0.57, and 0.05 cm2/g, respectively, compared to pure PMMA.

Highlights

The PMMA composite materials doped with graphene nanosheets demonstrate outstanding resistance to 222Rn.

Graphene nanosheets modified by KH560 exhibit favorable dispersion within PMMA.

WB can further enhance the radon resistance of MGNP/WB/PMMA composite materials.

The polymer composites exhibit excellent 222Rn and gamma ray shielding properties.