bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A short guide to doing nothing at the seaside
Authors: Hardiman Nick
Published: July 2016

This paper focuses upon the new landscape of strategic coastal planning and implementation in England and Wales resulting from the development of shoreline management plans (SMPs) by flood and coastal erosion risk management (FCRM) authorities; the issues raised will be very familiar elsewhere in the world. The real test is how to implement the many measures and management decisions within these SMPs. In many cases, those decisions were difficult to reach; sometimes the result was an uneasy agreement to maintain defences indefinitely, if the funding is available; elsewhere, bold decisions were taken to withdraw maintenance using the ‘no active intervention’ SMP policy option. This policy is often paraphrased as ‘do nothing’, but in reality it is usually far from being a passive exercise. Depending on the circumstances and rationale for not intervening, it may entail a lot of work and have many implications. What is the nature of current intervention? Are there existing FCRM assets in place, and if so, will they be dismantled or left to disintegrate? Either way, potential impacts upon public health and safety, the natural environment, coastal processes, amenity and local communities and businesses need attention, and the exercise needs careful planning and engagement. There may be other options to consider, such as the ‘localisation’ or transfer of assets, and management of them, to third parties – but what are the liabilities associated with this and is it sustainable? A well-planned decommissioning of assets that is written into a SMP in advance is more likely to address these implications successfully, whereas a withdrawal from maintenance in the teeth of local opposition despite an original intention to defend may become complicated. The FCRM community needs to be prepared for these decisions and their consequences in advance. Additionally, is ‘no active intervention’ compliant with European law? The Environment Agency and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs are working with local authorities and other partners on a number of initiatives that will clarify issues, review experience and provide simple, practical guidance to risk management authorities faced with implementing a ‘no active intervention’ option. This paper will highlight the results and products of some of these initiatives and reflect more widely on the ‘deliverability’ of SMPs as they stand. ‘Doing nothing’ at the coast is clearly less relaxing than it sounds.
Retarding the breaching process of dikes
Authors: Lemmens Dennis D. M. M. , Bisschop Rik , Visser Paul J. , Van Rhee Cees
Published: July 2016

Dikes constructed from sand generally have a sand core and clay layers on the slopes and the crest to protect the core against erosion. In extreme hydraulic conditions, several failure mechanisms can lead to destruction of the clay layers, exposing the sand core to water. When water overtops the dike and the protective cover of the land-side slope or the crest fails, water flows over the core and erodes the sand. The dike starts to breach, and eventually the land behind the dike is flooded. The rate at which the dimensions of the breach grow influences the rate of inundation of the polder. Reduction of the inundation rate may be achieved by retarding the breaching process. This may reduce the number of casualties, resulting in increasing safety for the inhabitants. In order to achieve, for instance, a safety level ten times higher, mortality has to decrease by a factor of 10. The breaching process can be retarded by reducing the erosion velocity of the sand core. Experiments were executed to investigate the effect on the erosion velocity of adding bentonite to sand. The results of these experiments showed a significant reduction of the permeability and erosion velocity of the sand–bentonite mixtures compared with those of pure sand. The effect of adding bentonite on the breaching process was investigated by applying the Bres model (breach erosion in sand dikes model) to a sand dike tested in a large-scale field experiment (Zwin'94). It was found that adding a small percentage of bentonite reduces the rate of breach growth and the inundation rate in the polder. For the Zwin’94 dike it was determined that 5·4% of bentonite is sufficient to reduce the inundation rate below a threshold value of 0·5 m/h, leading to a significant increase in safety.
Social cohesion and interpersonal conflicts in projects
Authors: Ojiako Udechukwu , Manville Graham , Zouk Nadine , Chipulu Maxwell
Published: July 2016

One particular area of project management literature that has continued to gain momentum is its social dimension, with a number of scholars emphasising the fact that there is a considerable social dimension to every project activity. Within this context, the authors examine parameters that drive social facets of projects with a particular focus on social cohesion, interpersonal conflicts and national culture. Data from 167 project managers working in Kuwait were collected using a web-based questionnaire. Bivariate statistical techniques were employed in the analysis of data, but revealed no evidence to support the notion that social cohesion or interpersonal conflicts were impacted by project management experiences. In effect, findings from this research suggest that social cohesion and interpersonal conflict transcend the effects of national culture.
Criteria and considerations for project work structuring
Authors: Mitropoulos Panagiotis , Sanchez Ricardo
Published: July 2016

‘Work structuring’ refers to the design of the project organisation and includes how the work is divided into work packages and how the work packages are assigned to different subcontractors. Work structuring determines the scope and complexity of each work package as well as the dependencies between work packages and the need for coordination between the project participants assigned the different work packages. This study investigates the work structuring criteria that project managers use to decide the breakdown of the project scope in work packages. Data were collected on three projects through interviews with project managers and review of project records. The findings identify two major sets of factors influencing the work structuring: (1) commercial considerations, including the owner’s requirements and criteria such as budget pressures; requirements for use of local, disadvantaged and minority contractors; prequalification requirements; and licensing. (2) Production considerations including design factors, the difficulty and complexity of the work, interfaces and coordination requirements, the quality of the subcontractors who will be attracted by the work packages and potential production problems. These factors often create conflicting requirements and trade-offs that can affect project performance.
Late disputes and the NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract
Authors: Ndekugri Issaka
Published: July 2016

Surveys show growing use of the third edition of the New Engineering Contract (NEC3) family of contracts. One of the reasons for project owners’ choice of the NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract is the avoidance of the risk of claims and disputes long after project completion. In several cases not involving NEC3 contracts, UK courts have been presented with difficult questions concerning adjudication after project completion and delayed reference of adjudicated disputes to the applicable final tribunal. This paper critically examines these questions, the courts’ answers to them and their implications for the NEC3 family of contracts. It concludes that the drafters of future editions of the NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract should consider provisions targeted at: ensuring that the test of awareness for the purposes of the clause 61.3 time-bar is on an objective basis; conclusive evidence clauses that impose a disincentive against seriously delayed challenges to assessment of compensation events and payment; and providing that the decision of an adjudicator becomes finally binding if the dispute decided is not referred to the tribunal within a stated period.
Briefing: The expert witness and international arbitration rules
Authors: Mullen John
Published: July 2016

This briefing provides an outline comparative study of institutional arbitration rules published since the UNCITRAL Model Law, from the perspective of a practising expert witness. The article compares and contrasts procedures published in civil and common law jurisdictions and their alternative emphases on tribunal appointees and party appointed experts. It also highlights examples of different rules, identifying typical provisions and highlighting any unusual aspects. The regional rules considered in the article will be the current editions of AAA, ACICA, ADCCAC, CIArb, DIAC, HKIAC, ICC, ICE, ICSIC, LCIA, LMAA, SIAC, SCC and UNCITRAL. In addition, the IBA and CIArb rules, as evidential overlays to these regional rules are also considered.
Briefing: Good faith obligations in NEC contracts
Authors: Davis Terrence , Thurlow Peter Newson
Published: July 2016

Many employers and contractors, as signatories to NEC contracts, and adjudicators misconstrue the importance and the effect of core clause 10.1, being of the misconception that this core clause, in so far as it relates to ‘a spirit of mutual trust’ is merely an expression of good intent, without any binding effect. This paper analyses the meaning of the words ‘a spirit of mutual trust’ and discusses the scope of the obligation, which core clause 10.1 imposes on the parties to the NEC contract. It identifies the clause as a manifestation by the parties of an intention to create a legal relationship of trust with regard to the contractual rights and assets of one another; it equates the resultant fiduciary duties of the parties to those of a trustee of a trust, which are more onerous than a bare duty to act in good faith.
Numerical and physical modelling studies for the port of Split
Authors: Loncar Goran , Carevic Dalibor , Ocvirk Eva
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a summary review of integrated research on the present status and the planned development of the City Port of Split, Croatia, through the numerical and physical modelling of waves, sea currents and sea quality. Initially, research was conducted on wave deformations with the use of numerical and physical models. After defining the required extensions of the breakwater and the reflection characteristics of the internal port waterfront necessary to achieve the given criterion of agitation, numerical modelling was used to examine the influence of the planned works on the sea circulation and water mass exchange with the surrounding sea. The numerical model was also applied to analyse changes in the dissolved oxygen concentration within the protected part of the port. The physical model of wave agitation was constructed at a length scale of 50, and in the numerical analysis of wave agitation, the numerical model Mike 21/BW was used. Analyses of the sea currents and of the dynamics of dissolved oxygen concentrations were conducted by means of the numerical model Mike 3. The results of the research indicate that in order to achieve the required criterion of agitation, the main breakwater should be extended by 60 m and the secondary breakwater by 50 m, and part of the internal waterfront should be constructed with dissipation chambers with a maximum reflection coefficient of 0·5 for the given incident wave conditions. Such changes would not considerably affect the existing water mass exchange and the dissolved oxygen distribution.
Impact of knowledge management on the cost of poor quality
Authors: Olayinka Raymond , Suresh Subashini , Chinyio Ezekiel
Published: July 2016

Knowledge management (KM) implementation strategies on construction projects can reap benefits such as improved performance and continuous improvement, yet many projects are plagued with inefficiencies, repetition of mistakes and lack of lessons learnt. Poor skills, design changes, errors and omissions contribute to the internal failure cost element of cost of poor quality (COPQ) while the resultant effect of client dissatisfaction contributes to the external failure cost. COPQ is prevalent regardless of project type and has been found to be over 10% of total project cost in certain cases. While the need to reduce COPQ is definite, it is uncertain what impact KM has in its reduction. This study investigated the impact of KM in reducing COPQ. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 industry experts involved in formulating and implementing KM strategies for large construction organisations across the UK. It was found from thematic analysis of the data that KM has a positive impact but has not been optimised to reduce COPQ due to barriers such as the lack of performance metrics, time and budget constraints. Optimisation, therefore, entails overcoming the barriers. The findings presented in this paper will benefit construction organisations in the areas of KM optimisation and COPQ reduction strategies.
Mentoring undergraduate civil engineering students
Authors: Murray Mike , Ross Andy , Blaney Nicola , Adamson Louise
Published: July 2016

On enrolment at university, undergraduate civil engineering students begin their journey towards a professional career. Associating with graduate engineers throughout their studies provides students with potential role models and assists them to accustomise progressively to the industry. While the procurement of guest practitioners to deliver workshops and lectures remains buoyant, opportunities for students to secure summer placements within the civil engineering sector has been problematic since the 2008 financial crisis. Graduate mentoring of student mentees can help to bridge the shortage of vocational placements. This paper discusses the results from a graduate mentoring initiative involving third-year (N = 345) civil and environmental engineering student mentees, 83 graduate mentors and 31 employers. The results show that the student mentees overwhelmingly support and validate the opportunities that this initiative has provided. On completion of their mentoring meetings, and on return to the fourth year of their studies, the majority of the students commit to making behavioural and attitudinal changes regarding their own continued professional development.
Scottish construction lawyers’ awareness and experiences of alternative dispute resolution
Authors: Agapiou Andrew
Published: July 2016

It is widely acknowledged that lawyers generally perform a gate-keeping role, advising clients on the most appropriate form of dispute resolution for particular cases. Is it reasonable to believe that the attitudes of the legal fraternity in Scotland create a real limit on what could be implemented by a government that seeks to promote modern methods of dispute resolution as part of its civil justice reform agenda? Drawn from questionnaire- and interview-based research, the principal aim of this paper is to fill a gap in the literature and establish baseline data on Scots construction lawyers’ awareness, attitudes and experiences of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and implications for the resolution of construction disputes. There is evidence from the questionnaire survey and participant interviews that more education in ADR procedures and their application could provide further opportunity to develop them as settlement tools in Scotland by building on more positive aspects of responses within the sample analysis. Only some in the legal fraternity have embraced the challenge of what the study has found to be regarded widely as an opportunity. Further education, training and publication of case law involving ADR may be necessary to convince doubters that ADR needs to be part of the menu of methods of dispute resolution for the modern lawyer in Scotland.
Acidosis and Urinary Calcium Excretion: Insights from Genetic Disorders
Authors: Alexander R. Todd , Cordat Emmanuelle , Chambrey Régine , Dimke Henrik , Eladari Dominique
Published: July 2016

Metabolic acidosis is associated with increased urinary calcium excretion and related sequelae, including nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. The increased urinary calcium excretion induced by metabolic acidosis predominantly results from increased mobilization of calcium out of bone and inhibition of calcium transport processes within the renal tubule. The mechanisms whereby acid alters the integrity and stability of bone have been examined extensively in the published literature. Here, after briefly reviewing this literature, we consider the effects of acid on calcium transport in the renal tubule and then discuss why not all gene defects that cause renal tubular acidosis are associated with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis.
Has Tax-Preferred Retirement Saving Offset Rising Wealth Concentration?
Authors: Devlin-Foltz Sebastian , Henriques Alice M. , Sabelhaus John E.
Published: July 2016

The share of wealth owned by top wealth-holders in the U.S. has been rising over the past few decades, though there is some debate about exactly how concentrated wealth is, and how fast those top wealth shares are rising.
Different tissue type categories of overuse injuries to cricket fast bowlers have different severity and incidence which varies with age
Authors: Blanch P
Published: July 2016

Background. Cricket fast bowlers have a high incidence of injury and have been the subject of previous research investigating the effects of previous injury, workload and technique. Bone stress injuries are of particular concern as they lead to prolonged absences from the game, with younger bowlers appearing to be at particular risk. Objectives. To investigate the variation in severity and incidence of injury to different tissue types in fast bowlers and ascertain whether age is a significant risk factor for these injuries. Methods. A retrospective analysis of match bowling exposure in 215 separate fast bowlers over a 14-year period was undertaken. This information was amalgamated with injury surveillance data providing information on the incidence, location, tissue type and severity of injury. Age of the bowler was determined and the bowlers were stratified into five age groups to determine the influence of age on the injury variables. Results. Younger bowlers (less than 22 years old) were 3.7-6.7 times more likely to suffer a bony injury than all the other age groups. Older bowlers (greater than 31 years old) were 2.2-2.7 times more likely to suffer a tendon injury than the 3 youngest groups. Conclusion. This study has demonstrated that younger age is a considerable risk factor in the development of bone stress injuries in cricket fast bowlers. In addition there appears to be a higher incidence of tendon injuries in older fast bowlers although this may be explained by the current classification system of joint impingement as a tendon injury. Keywords. Bone, tendon, sports injuries
The role of physical activity during pregnancy in determining maternal and foetal outcomes
Authors: Pearson J T
Published: July 2016

Background. A woman’s health status prior to, and during, pregnancy has been shown to influence maternal and foetal health outcomes, and therefore healthy behaviours should be encouraged to optimise weight gain during pregnancy. Discussion. Pre-gravid overweight and obesity, and excessive weight gain during pregnancy, are associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes for the mother and the foetus. Despite the fact that physical activity during pregnancy reduces the risk of excessive gestational weight gain, physical activity levels typically decline during pregnancy. Several factors have been shown to influence physical activity during pregnancy, and preliminary data is available on identifying these factors in South African women. Conclusion. Very little is known about physical activity patterns in pregnant South African women in whom overweight and obesity is prevalent. Examining these patterns, as well as the barriers and facilitators of physical activity in this population will assist in informing future interventions. Keywords. South Africa, obesity, barriers, interventions
CHINESE EFL UNDERGRADUATES’ ACADEMIC WRITING: RHETORICAL DIFFICULTIES AND SUGGESTIONS
Authors: Bian Xiaoyun , Wang Xiaohong
Published: July 2016

Difficulties encountered by students in L2 academic writing has been a subject of research for several decades. However, to date, there still remains a lack of detailed and in-depth investigation into this area of interest. This qualitative study thoroughly investigated the rhetorical difficulties faced by Chinese EFL undergraduate academic writers, and collected suggestions on how to address these rhetorical issues. To be sufficiently detailed and thorough, this study divided students' difficulties into process- and product-related difficulties, and used triangulated data from supervisors' perspectives, students' perspectives, and supervisors' comments to address research questions. Although there were no strong generalizations derived from data from different perspectives and sources, the findings of this study showed supervisor perceptions of the rhetorical difficulties the students experienced were almost identical. In nature these rhetorical difficulties were culturallyembedded and genre-related issues; and the degree of difficulty experienced by each student varied. In this study, supervisors and students both suggested that, to solve rhetorical difficulties, teacher student communication should be improved. This study provided empirical evidence to contrastive rhetoric theory and socio-cultural theory. It also offered suggestions on how to strengthen future research in this area of inquiry, and how to improve academic writing teaching in L2 educational contexts.
PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ BELIEFS AND PRACTICES IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO YOUNG LEARNERS
Authors: Othman Juliana , Kiely Richard
Published: July 2016

This paper explores ESL preservice teachers’ beliefs regarding teaching English to young learners, and examines the interplay between their beliefs and instructional practices. Seventy ESL preservice teachers at a university in Malaysia participated in the study. Data is drawn from semi-structured interviews and lesson plan analysis. The results indicated that the preservice teachers’ classroom practices did not often reflect their stated beliefs about young learners language learning. Although there was a strong consensus that English should be taught communicatively, the preservice teachers also employed structural based approach when teaching grammar. Contextual factors hindering this consistency were attributed to exam focused instruction and time constraints. Thus, this paper argues that reform in language teacher education need to address factors that hinder preservice teachers from implementing instructions which aligns with the theoretical beliefs espoused by their teacher training program.
100% Wireless on Top
Authors: Krauss Michael , Pötter Thorsten , Iatrou Chris , Urbas Leon , Klettner Christian
Published: July 2016

This article discusses an architecture approach and roadmap to developing an infrastructure based on wireless technologies as a strategic component to unlock the potential of fast developing Information and communication technology such as the Internet of Things and mobility in production plants. This proposal implements an add-on philosophy, which means that all the industrial communications with a high demand on reliability continue to be conducted with the traditional installations, while everything additional not related to core process control task such as asset monitoring runs over a second technology path. The proposed architecture provides an industrial communication infrastructure that delivers enough bandwidth for implementing innovative applications while utilizing the installed base of the robust and reliable 4-20 mA technology, which still excels in terms of simple planning, straightforward construction and robustness against electromagnetic interference. Key requirement is a coexistence between the two approaches and a clear definition of boundaries throughout the lifecycle to prevent misuse of the wireless infrastructure for tasks that are process control or even safety related. A clear separation of the wireless infrastructure from the conventional installation needs to be implemented in order to prevent uncontrolled feedback on the process control part. In the long term, 100% wireless on top is considered as an intermediate solution which might be replaced by wired Ethernet technologies.
Einbettung smarter Sensoren in der Automation
Authors: Bilgic Attila
Published: July 2016

Am Beispiel der Chlorbenzolsynthese wird in diesem Beitrag erläutert, welche Vorteile die durchgehende Überwachung eines Prozesses mit komplexen chemischen Analysatoren oder tomografischen Verfahren zur Effizienzsteigerung bietet. Die Mikrosystemtechnik hilft, Analysatoren wie Flammenionisationsdetektor oder Massenspektrometer zu miniaturisieren, was eine der Voraussetzungen für ihren Einsatz in Feldgeräten ist. Tomografische Verfahren ergänzen diese Analysatoren um die räumliche Verteilung von Prozessgrößen. Die Autoren beschreiben, wie die generierten Daten nutzbar gemacht werden können, ohne Sicherheitsaspekte und die installierte Basis zu vernachlässigen, und welche weiteren Mehrwerte sich daraus für die Betreiber und potenzielle neue Stakeholder der Anlage gewinnen lassen.
Sicherheitsanalyse von OPC UA für Industrie 4.0
Authors: Wichmann Andre
Published: July 2016

Der wachsende Grad an Digitalisierung und die von Industrie 4.0 vorangetriebene Vernetzung von Komponenten und Anlagen bringen einen rasanten Wandel mit sich, bei dem auch Cybersicherheit immer stärker thematisiert wird. OPC UA ist als ein Industrieprotokoll angetreten, das Security by Design schon während der Entwicklung als Prinzip verankert hat. Im Rahmen des Projekts Sicherheitsanalyse von OPC UA hat das Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik die Spezifikation und die Referenzimplementierung des Kommunikations-Stacks hinsichtlich IT-Sicherheit untersucht. Das Ergebnis wird in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
Dental Caries and its Socio-Behavioral Predictors– An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kumar Santhosh , Tadakamadla Jyothi , Duraiswamy Prabu , Kulkarni Suhas
Published: July 2016

Objectives: To assess dental caries status and oral health related behavior of 12 year old school children in relation to urbanization and gender; to analyze the effect of socio-demographic and behavioral variables on dental caries experience. Study design: Study sample comprised 831, 12 year old school children in, India. Caries status was assessed by Decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index and a 16 item closed ended questionnaire was administered to children for assessing their oral health related knowledge, beliefs and behavior. Results: Mean caries experience and prevalence was 1.94 and 64.9% respectively. Decay was the dominant component of DMFT. Greater proportion of female and urban children presented better oral health knowledge, beliefs and practices. Boys were more liable (OR=1.2, 95% CI=1.10–1.96) for having caries than girls. Children living in rural areas and whose parents were not professionals or semiprofessionals were more likely to experience caries. Children whose mothers were unskilled or house wives were more than twice likely to present caries (OR=2.14, 95% CI-2.03–2.45) than those children whose mothers were skilled or semi-skilled. Children of illiterate fathers and mothers were 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02–1.49) and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.13–1.99) times more likely to have dental caries than those children whose parents had greater than 10 years of education. Children, those who cleaned their teeth less than once a day presented an odds ratio of 1.36 (CI-1.17–1.86) also higher odds of dental caries was observed in children consuming sweets or soft drinks more than once a day. Conclusions: The prevalence and severity of dental caries was low among urban children and girls than their rural and boy counterparts. In general, oral health knowledge, beliefs and practices were low, predominantly in rural and male children. Caries experience was significantly associated with gender, location of residence, brushing frequency, frequency of consumption of soft drinks and sweets, parents' occupation and education.
Association between S. mutans and S. sanguinis in Severe Early childhood Caries and Caries-Free Children A Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis
Authors: Mitrakul Kemthong , Vongsawan Kutkao , Sriutai Assavinee , Thosathan Wipaphan
Published: July 2016

Objectives: To identify S. mutans and S. sanguinis in initial and overnight plaque between 2 groups and to analyze the association between them and caries-related factors. Study design: Collected supra gingival plaque from 140 Thai children aged 2–6 years old (S-ECC = 68, caries-free=72). Recorded plaque and gingival indices, dmft score, salivary mutans streptococci level, pH and buffer capacity. Firstly, the overnight plaque was collected, then, 4 hrs. after a thorough prophylaxis, the initial plaque was collected. Accessed parent's attitude and behavior in children's oral hygiene care and diet practice using a questionnaire. A quantitative real-time PCR was performed. Results: For initial plaque, S. sanguinis was higher in caries-free. S. mutans (0.011) and S. mutans/S. sanguinis ratio (0.005) were higher in S-ECC. S. sanguinis amount was inverse correlated with dmft (0.00), gingival index (0.044), and plaque index (0.011). For overnight plaque, S. mutans (0.00) and S. mutans/S. sanguinis ratio (0.005) were also higher in S-ECC. S. mutans, S. mutans/S. sanguinis ratio were positive correlated to dmft (0.00). Parent education levels (0.004) and bottle feeding (0.011) between 2 groups were different. Conclusion: S. sanguinis, S. mutans and their ratio in initial and overnight plaque, low family income and bottle feeding are strongly associated with S-ECC.
Evaluation of Buccal Infiltration with Articaine and Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block with Lignocaine for Pulp Therapy in Mandibular Primary Molars
Authors: Chopra Radhika , Marwaha Mohita , Bansal Kalpana , Mittal Meenu
Published: July 2016

Objective: Failure of inferior alveolar nerve block in achieving profound anesthesia of the pulp due to various reasons has led to the introduction of more potent local anesthetic agents like articaine. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of buccal infiltration with articaine in achieving pulpal anesthesia of primary molars as compared to inferior alveolar nerve block with lignocaine. Study design: 30 patients (4–8 years) with indication of pulp therapy in at least two mandibular primary molars were selected. Patients were randomly assigned to receive nerve block with lignocaine or infiltration with articaine on first appointment and the other solution on second appointment. All the pulpotomies and pulpectomies were performed by a pediatric dentist. Two researchers standing at a distance of 1.5 m recorded the Pain Scores and Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scores. After the completion of procedure, the patient was asked to record the Facial Image score and Heft-Parker Visual Analogue Score (HP-VAS). Results: Pain Score recorded at the time of injection showed significantly more movements with block as compared to infiltration (p<0.001). SEM scores at time of pulp extirpation were also higher for block than infiltration (p<0.001). Conclusion: Articaine infiltration has the potential to replace inferior alveolar nerve block for primary mandibular molars.
Controle de segurança da informação nas aplicações interativas do Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão Digital
Authors: Ribeiro Thatiane C Santos de Carvalho , Sablón Vicente Idalberto Becerra , Covre João Paulo , Iano Yuzo
Published: July 2016

O trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para a transmissão de informações com segurança nas aplicações interativas no Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão Digital. O método permite a integridade, confiabilidade e disponibilidade dos parâmetros em uma transmissão. A certificação digital na programação das aplicações digitais é testada com os protocolos das camadas de aplicação e transporte da rede de interatividade. A proposta permite que as aplicações interativas que manipulam dados confidenciais dos usuários possuam rotinas de autenticação do usuário para que não haja modificação de dados no receptor. Dessa forma, a televisão digital terá um procedimento para a segurança para as aplicações interativas.
Advanced Imaging in Chagas Heart Disease: from diagnosis to sudden death risk stratification.
Authors: Rodriguez-Zanella Hugo , Salas-Pacheco Jose Luis , Melendez-Ramirez Gabriela , Arias-Godínez Jose Antonio , Avila-Vanzzinni Nydia , Ruiz-Esparza Maria Eugenia , Fritche Salazar Juan Francisco , Blanco Figueroa Jesus Antonio , Alexánderson-Rosas Erick
Published: July 2016

Chagas disease constitutes a relatively prevalent condition in Latin America and is increasing worldwide. With a wide spectrum of clinical subsets. Imaging modalities are critical for adequate diagnosis, staging and prognosis of this entity. Currently Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance are the most valuable techniques for this purpose. Evidence for both modalities has increased in the last years, as the role of advanced techniques such as Speckle Tracking Echocardiography has been explored we aim to review the evidence of advanced imaging in the spectrum of patients with Chagas Heart Disease.
Sudden Cardiac Death in Chagas Disease
Authors: Di Toro Dario , Baranchuk Adrian
Published: July 2016

Chagas’ disease remains a major epidemiologic problem in endemic countries. The most dramatic course of the disease is represented by sudden cardiac death. Some of these deaths could be preventable, if efforts are directed towards identifying high-risk patients. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators are an effective treatment for the prevention of sudden cardiac arrhythmic death, however; its costs are the major limitation for their widespread use in the endemic region.

This review will cover some of the most relevant aspects of sudden cardiac death in Chagas’ disease. 
Juan Ramón Jiménez y el verso en la poesía española: del simbolismo francés a Diario de un poeta reciencasado
Authors: Acereda Extremiana Alberto
Published: July 2016

El verso libre ofrece muchos problemas a la hora de determinar su definición, sus orígenes y su evolución en la poesía española moderna y contemporánea. Este artículo define y estudia la presencia del verso libre en la poesía simbolista francesa, sus conexiones con el modernismo hispánico y la posible influencia en Juan Ramón Jiménez. Algunos libros poéticos de Jiménez, especialmente el Diario de un poeta reciencasado (1917) se analizan aquí a la luz de esta definición de verso libre. Tras el análisis, la conclusión a la que se llega es que Jiménez fue el primer poeta español que empleó el verso libre con absoluta conciencia y voluntad abriendo así el camino del cultivo del verso libre en la poesía española contemporánea.

The concept of «vers libre» offers many problems for its definition, its origins and its evolution in Modern and Contemporary Spanish Poetry. This article defines and studies the presence of «vers libre» in French Symbolist Poetry, its connections to Hispanic Modernism and the possible influence on Juan Ramón Jiménez. Some of Jiménez's books of poetry, especially Diario de un poeta reciencasado (1917) are studied here in the light of this definition of «vers libre». After the analysis, the conclusion shows that Jiménez was the first Spanish poet ever to use consciously and willingly «vers libre», and to pave the way for its use in Contemporary Spanish Poetry.
Escasa presencia de los autores latinos en los comentarios de Cipriano de la Huerga
Authors: Sánchez Manzano María Asunción
Published: July 2016

Escasa presencia de los autores latinos en los comentarios de Cipriano de la Huerga
Oralidad y escritura: Poesía oral y poesía escrita
Authors: Martínez Fernández José Enrique
Published: July 2016

Buena parte de las peculiaridades de la poesía contemporánea tienen su origen en la tensión latente entre oralidad y escritura. La poesía actual se escribe para ser leída en soledad y en silencio; el sentido auditivo se ha cambiado por el visual y éste aboca a una cultura del silencio, a un acto privado y voluntario; pero en la poesía escrita actual perviven elementos de la oralidad primigenia, por lo que en este artículo se ponen en contraste la poesía oral y la poesía escrita con el fin de que puedan quedar iluminados alguno

A good proportion of the particular characteristics of contemporary poetry originate in the latent tension between oralcy and writing. Current poetry is written to be read alone and in silence; the sense of hearing has been exchanged for that of sight, and this leads to a culture of silence, to a private act of personal choice. However, some elements of the earlier oralcy do live on in present-day written poetry. Thus, this article contrasts oral poetry and written poetry with the intention of illuminating a number of the mechanisms typical of the latter
Sobre la narrativa breve de Antonio Pereira y de Juan Pedro Aparicio
Authors: Martínez García Francisco
Published: July 2016

Sobre la narrativa breve de Antonio Pereira y de Juan Pedro Aparicio
Impronta estructural y significativa del hibridismo genérico en el entramado narrativo contemporáneo
Authors: Alvarez Méndez Natalia
Published: July 2016

Impronta estructural y significativa del hibridismo genérico en el entramado narrativo contemporáneo
A la búsqueda de una escritura tetraédrica: poética de la novela y deconstrucción de la memoria en la narrativa de José María Merino
Authors: Trabado Cabado José Manuel
Published: July 2016

A la búsqueda de una escritura tetraédrica: poética de la novela y deconstrucción de la memoria en la narrativa de José María Merino
Ciencia y subjetividad en los poetas españoles del siglo XX
Authors: Balcells José María
Published: July 2016

Ciencia y subjetividad en los poetas españoles del siglo XX
Las ausencias, un elemento fundamental en "Betrayal" y "The homecoming"
Authors: Espejo Quijada María De los Santos
Published: July 2016

Las ausencias, un elemento fundamental en "Betrayal" y "The homecoming
El eco chino en la creación literaria de Octavio Paz
Authors: Wang Jun
Published: July 2016

El eco chino en la creación literaria de Octavio Paz
Las ciudades españolas en la Edad Moderna: oligarquías urbanas y gobierno municipal, Oviedo, 2014
Authors: Faya Díaz María Ángeles
Published: July 2016

Esta nueva obra coordinada por la profesora Mª. Ángeles Faya Díaz, es una
continuación de las investigaciones que su grupo de trabajo ha venido realizando
durante los últimos años, y cuyo refl ejo más claro lo tenemos en los diversos
volúmenes colectivos que han ido viendo la luz a lo largo de la última década.
Mujeres en riesgo de exclusión social. Una perspectiva transnacional, Madrid, 2015
Authors: Fernández Álvarez Óscar
Published: July 2016

Esta monografía es el resultado del trabajo desarrollado por el grupo de investigación
(WAR) Women At Risk, equipo interdisciplinar, en el que participan
profesionales, investigadores e investigadoras de casi todas los ámbitos de las
Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, e internacional, pues en él participan cinco países
Non venereal benign dermatoses of vulva in sexually active women: a clinical study
Authors: Singh Garima , Rathore B. S. , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Sharma Charu
Published: July 2016

Background: Vulvar complaints are usually an uncomfortable discussion not only for the patient but also for the health care provider. Vulva remains one of the most covered regions of the body and seems truly to be a forgotten pelvic organ.  Any genital lesion or related symptoms are erroneously considered to be sexually transmitted. Hence this study was conducted to emphasize on the fact that all genital lesions are not sexually transmitted.  Objective of the study was to determine the clinical pattern and relative frequency of non-venereal benign dermatoses of vulva in sexually active women at a tertiary health care centre.

Methods: It was a prospective, observational study. All sexually active women attending the outpatient department of Dermatology and Gynecology, who presented either with vulvar complaints or with vulvar dermatoses on routine clinical examination were included in the study. Women with six classical venereal diseases or with vulvar malignancies were excluded from the study. After detailed history & examination, results were tabulated and analysed by SPSS software.

Results: A total of 70 sexually active women were observed. Majority of women were from rural background (54.28%), were housewives (81.42%) and were illiterate (42.85%). The commonest presenting feature was itching. Labia majora was the most common site of involvement and Tinea cruris was the most common dermatoses involved.
Conclusions: All vulvar dermatoses are not sexually transmitted.
Journal of Surgical Dermatology Volume 1 Issue 2: Full Issue
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: July 2016

Click on the PDF link to access the full issue
Frontier in hair loss and trichoscopy: A review
Authors: Elghblawi Ebtisam
Published: July 2016

Skin surfaces have always been examined using dermoscopy, a familiar tool which is useful to magnify and examine skin especially in cases of pigmented skin lesions. However, to examine the hair and scalp, a practical tool called trichoscopy has surfaced recently and has proven to be handy and functional in diagnosing most hair-related diseases. It is also referred to as dermoscopy of the hair and the scalp. It can aid in assessing active diseases in the scalp and hair, such as yellow dots, dystrophic hairs, cadaverized black dots, white dots, and exclamation mark hairs – all of which denote specific criteria for hair diseases. Trichoscopy is a very newly developed non-invasive technique for hair image analysis. It permits non-invasive visualization of hair shafts at higher intensification (about ×70 and ×100) and enables measurement of hair shaft width without the need for removing hair for diagnostic reasons. Moreover, it helps in vivo visualization of the epidermal portion of hair follicles and perifollicular epidermis (orifices). Consequently, it is valuable as it permits the inspection of structures that are otherwise not seen by the naked eye. Trichoscopy is the new frontier for the diagnosis of hair and scalp disease. Nowadays, a trichoscope is considered a must for dermatologists and it is a hot topic in the treatment of hair diseases. There is pooled evidence that the utilization of trichoscopy in the clinical setting for evaluating hair disorders can improve its diagnostic capability beyond simple clinical scrutiny. Trichoscopy can identify both hair shaft and hair opening abnormalities without the need for hair sampling, as well as distinguish between different scalp and hair diseases. Furthermore, it can give easy and quick evaluation of the hair with a follow-up to determine progress and prognosis of the disease with photos. It can also aid in some genetic hair shaft dystrophies such as trichorrhexis nodosa, trichorrhexis invaginata, monilethrix, pili annulati, and pili torti. The limitation of trichoscopy is that it needs prior knowledge to apply it effectively in order to mandate an efficient use by correctly interpreting the findings and their significance. In cases where there are unsettled discrepancies, a histopathological investigation is needed. The interest in trichoscopy has vastly increased and has become an indispensable tool in evaluating patients with hair loss. The aim of this review is to supplement existing knowledge on trichoscopy with recent readings of different scalp and hair conditions that are commonly encountered in clinical settings.
Dynamics for the acceptance of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems and Financial Performance
Authors: Jain Pallavi , Tyagi Dr. Jai Kishore
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this research paper to present the synthesized theoretical and empirical literature to help in the development of propositions and suggestions of a research agenda on the acceptance of ERP systems and their link with financial performance. The paper develops the technology acceptance model (TAM) to synthesize relevant literature andto develop proposition for future research agendas. This research provides a positive association between the acceptance of ERP systems and financial performance. Also, the use of TAM theory provides further insight into identifying the acceptance factors of ERP.
Automatic Number Plate Goyal Recognition-Image Processing Technique
Authors: Rajvanshi Priti , Dhaka Vijaypal Singh
Published: July 2016

Automated Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) is also known as Automated License Plate Recognition (ALPR).Automatic Number Plate Recognition or ANPR is a technology that uses pattern recognition to ‘read’ vehiclenumber plates. The design of ANPR systems is a field of research in artificial intelligence and pattern recognition. The main goal of this paper is to study algorithmic and mathematical principles of automatic number plate recognition systems. ANPR can be used to store the images captured by the cameras as well as the text from the number plate and using mathematical morphology methods to detect the edges of the rectangular plate. Mathematical morphology is a part of digital image processing which is concerned withimage filtering and geometric analysis by using structuring elements (SE).
Study of the International News Coverage in National and Regional English
Authors: Taneja Vijayta
Published: July 2016

Revolution in the information and technology is the primary phenomenon behind the globalization which has resulted in the interdependence of the nations. The creation of various international groupings such as UN, ASEAN, BRICS, G8, G20 etc. is also the result of the technological convergence. In such a scenario, the issues which affect one country are the issues which impact the world as a whole too. The countries connected by international are now having the sense of belongingness towards each other. Terrorism isone such issue on which every country of the world has a say at this moment. The united effort by major powers todefeat terrorism at a front and the response of terrorists on such efforts is being reported in all newspapers. The incidents of terrorism at any place and its reporting innews dailies play an important part in determining the perspective of the masses on such issues. Further, news framing results in the different types of news frames in coverage of same issues. Through this study, the researcher has made an effort to study the detailed coverage of the ‘Paris Attacks’ of 13/11 in regional as well as national English dailies of Jalandhar (Punjab).
A study of the role of profile pictures in impression management on Face book
Authors: Saxena Adity , Majumdar Pallavi
Published: July 2016

Face book profile image provides ample opportunity to the FB users to portray a visual self-presentation within this social networking circle. Profile images play a vital role to establish an impression on the other users’ mind, particularly when each online friend may not be known to the other. Existing research reveals multiple aspects of FB users’ intention, attitude and approach towards the profileimages, such as frequency of change by the young FB users, the triggers for change of profile images, and the difference in approach according to gender. Drawing on the theoretical perspective of impression management and other relevant theories, the present study will explore the role of profile pictures in influencing the perception of other FB users in the Indian context. The study uses the tools of content analysis and survey to address the research questions.