bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel Technique for Linearizing Digital Pre-distortion in Power Amplifiers for OFDM Applications
Authors: Shokri Mahsa , Javidan Javad
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a novel technique is proposed for linearizing digital pre-distortion in power amplifiers for OFDM systems. For this purpose, a hybrid technique comprising search table method and polynomial method is employed such that as few as hardware are utilize in implementation in order to not only decreases computational complexity but also leads to a fast response capability. Furthermore, least mean square (LMS), as a competitive method, was employed in the proposed technique. Coefficients of look-up table are estimated by LMS method as a forward program with the least error amount in order to estimate modulator output of OFDM. In addition, designing of several RF power amplifiers and their linearization unit in ADS software results in elimination of non-linear distortions of these amplifiers by linearizing unit, and yet various realistic involved phenomena in base-band pre-distortion system design, including memory effect, antenna mismatch, and etc., are studied. Measures such as ACPR were adopted for the purpose of linearization measurement and comparison. High The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the biggest problems in OFDM systems that by combining these techniques, we improve it.  The obtained results of the proposed technique are presented both by look-up table and frequency spectrum of output signal. The results also indicate appropriate performance of the proposed technique. Simulations were carried out on ADS software, while final signal output was extracted by MATLAB.
Plasma and its Application in Magneto-hydro-dynamical Generators
Authors: Moradi Merni Robab
Published: March 2022

The increasing growth of the population around the world during 20th century and fast consumption of energy, now, is considered as the basic reasons of raising energy problems. This issue has affected all human life aspects. That is why we need energy to replace it with older and ending sources such as oil. Meanwhile, it is easy and less-expensive to obtain it. In this direction and following widespread and continuous studies by scientists and researchers, the electricity generation by using plasma (Magneto-Hydro-Dynamical generators) has been considered to achieve higher efficiency in production and less pollution. The present research is to make readers get familiar briefly with MHD generators and express that applying this generator, it is possible to offer an electric energy with high and, first of all, pollution-free efficiency to the society, if and only to get access to its technology. In fact, MHD is a process to convert energy directly into electricity with no need to a turbine or normal generator.
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS of flooding in Pakistan and compare it with the situation in Iran
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Mahdieh
Published: March 2022

Considering the exponential growth of scientific, technical and industrial in different countries including European and American, and in some cases lack of attention to environmental issues and an infection caused by the above-mentioned activities can be seen that the bold and the significant role that these countries play in global environmental consequences. It is worth noting that countries in emissions play a significant role.  As massive floods in Pakistan, fires in Russia, lethal heat in Japan and severe climate change in Canada and Western Europe, have all been the result of stopping the flow of the jet stream over these areas, undoubtedly, if the necessary measures are not done in this regard, Iran will also undergo such incidents. Of the main reasons for floods in Pakistan  can be warming and rapid climate changes, and also stipulates if that trend continues, the remaining glaciers will be melt, Pakistan will face in the future with far more critical conditions. The causes of the devastating floods in Pakistan, is the growing industrialization in developed countries, which is the cause of largest environmental pollution to other countries as well. Despite all laws and international conventions signed and ratified by these countries on the prevention of environmental pollution that it follows universally damaging effects of continued lack of compliance control authorities and we are witnessing the non-compliance by authorities and always this non-compliance swiped third world countries that are developing in good coverage.
The Role of Expert System in Granting Credit Facilities
Authors: Hoseini Somaye
Published: March 2022

In this study, the expert system considered customer financial ratios as input and prediction of credit risk level as output. This study was a descriptive-case study research. The population consisted of credit experts of Tejarat bank who were the member of bank’s credit Committee and had the right to vote for facilities approval and the individuals whose main task was providing reports for granting facilities and monitoring the use of facilities. After an initial interview and determining the evaluation criteria for facilities and determining the items for each of the criteria, a questionnaire was designed using Likert scale. Data normality test was conducted to ensure the accuracy of the collected data. T-test was performed to realize the selected criteria are important. Then, experts were asked to determine the minimum score for providing the facility to the applicant in each section of the questionnaire. The laws of expert system were provided based on determined minimum scores.
The Role of successful technology transfer (commercialization) to improve the technology of Applied Science University
Authors: Hamzehlooyan Mohammad , Keramati Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2022

Introduction: According to an article of Hsu et al the relation between the variables in general and analytical model of research. Four variables of human, financial, commercial, cultural, or institutional resources have been studied.Methods: The study used a descriptive method of mathematical modeling and in terms of purpose, it is applied. At first, studying the records of the plan and then working on the main theme of the thesis are considered.Result:  The results showed that in human resource part, sub-factors of the college quality; in financial resources, the sub-factor of industry; in Commercialization, the sub-factor of patent portfolios; and in cultural resources, the sub-factor of incentive policies were the top priorities.
Evaluation of urban transportation indicators with emphasis on sustainable development (Case study: Andishe New City)
Authors: Nekoonam Mahdi , Rahimi Hooman , Ahzan Keyvan
Published: March 2022

This research aims on evaluation and prioritization urban transport sustainability indexes in Andisheh new city by descriptive-analytical methodology and application of factor analysis method. Surveying method was used in this research through questionnaire to collect data. Statistical population of this research was all citizens of Andisheh city. Sample volume was selected 383 persons by Cochran general formula, and simple random sampling and multistage clustering sampling methods were used to select sample population. Factor analysis statistics tests and T-test in SPSS software were used to analyze data to study the validity and reliability of questionnaire. After data analysis, two factors or indexes of “economic trip” or “green economy” with 0.61% cumulative variance in economic sustainability, two factors of “social welfare and justice” and “social security and health” with 0.61% cumulative variance in social sustainability, and one factor of “pure environment” factor with 0.62% cumulative variance in environment sustainability were extracted. Based on citizens ideas of Andisheh city and statistical analysis, economic trip index in economic sustainability, “social welfare and justice” index in social sustainability index and “pure environment” index in environment sustainability with values of -0.2549, -0.2488, and -0.3239, respectively didn’t have proper conditions and have higher priorities. Therefore, it is suggested to have more emphasis and attentions on planning to promote these indexes.
Investigation on effects of delay and acceleration in round up and accumulation of matured silkworm	larvae and transferring them to cocoon making frames
Authors: Molaei Mohammad , Seidavi Alireza
Published: March 2022

The aim of this experiment was investigation on effects of delay and acceleration in round up and accumulation of matured silkworm larvae in order to transferring them to cocoon making frames. Three different ways of silkworm making cocoon-starting time was studied. The larvae hatching and rearing was conducted based on standard and similar methods. Ttreatments were (1) treatment 1: the completion time of larvae feeding and larvae transfer from rearing tray to cocoon frame was standard and performed individually based on larvae mature time; treatment 2: the completion time of larvae feeding and larvae transfer time from rearing tray to cocoon frame was 12 hours before larvae mature time; treatment 3: the completion time of larvae feeding and larvae transfer time from rearing tray to cocoon frame was 12 hours after larvae mature. Production traits recorded and analyzed using generalized linear models procedure based completely randomized design model. From obtained results, it is showed that among studied methods, the highest level of best cocoon number belonged to 2nd treatment (80.50), and 1st treatment (74.75) remained at lower level than other methods (P>0.05). Among studied methods, the highest level of best cocoon alive pupae number belonged to 3rd treatment (79.75), and 1st treatment (71.25) remained at  lower level than other methods (P>0.05). Among studied methods, the highest level of best cocoon weight  belonged to 3rd treatment (147.88 gr), and 2nd treatment (124.32 gr) remained at lower level than other methods (P>0.05). Among studied methods, the highest level of male Cocoon shell percentage belonged to 3rd treatment (24.11%), and 2nd treatment (23.44%) remained at lower level than other methods. Other  methods were between these two groups (P>0.05). Among studied methods, the highest level of male cocoon weight belonged to 3rd treatment (1.66 gr), and 1st treatment (1.64 gr) remained at lower level than other methods (P>0.05). Among studied methods, the highest level of male cocoon shell weight belonged to some treatments (0.443 gr), and 2nd treatment (0.38 gr) remained at lower level than other methods. Other methods were between these two groups. Meanwhile statistical differences between studied methods for this trait were not significant (P>0.05).
A 180 nm CMOS Low Noise Amplifier with Increased linearity using Current-Reuse Technique for Broadband Applications
Authors: Sadeghpour Pooria , Mirzaei Hamidreza
Published: March 2022

A low noise amplifier is designed and simulated for the frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz using CMOS 0.18 µm technology. In this design there is a common source stage with an inductor in the source in order to reduce the amount of noise. The second stage is a structure to reuse the current in order to increase the gain and decrease the power consumption. Moreover, an NMOS transistor is used to improve the linearity of the proposed circuit. The proposed design is then simulated using the 0.18 µm CMOS technology in ADS software. The results show a noise level of less than 3dB and a flat gain of 14dB, also the IIP3 factor of the circuit is measured to be 0.5dBm which indicates the high degree of linearity in the circuit. The circuit power consumption is 23 mw.
Investigating the vulnerability of Bridge by comparing the results of instrumentation and wavelet function
Authors: Adnan Asif Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Many structural damages occurs due to breakdown of constituents. The onset of these fractures is usually accompanied by cracks, the spread of which poses a serious threat to their structures and behavior. Accordingly, the methods of diagnosis and detection of cracks have been the subject of much research to date. The existence of cracks changes the natural and mode frequency of seismic deformations, which analyzes these changes by identifying cracks. These methods are known as Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques, which manage and evaluate the expected behavior and performance of structures over the life of the structure. There are various ways to evaluate and identify these changes, each of which has its strengths and weaknesses. These systems should be able to answer questions such as the location of damage and failure to structures. The modern methods of structural health monitoring are based on the dynamic properties of structures, most of which use modal analysis or Fourier series conversion. In the Fourier transform, information is given about the frequencies in a signal, while no information is recorded since a particular frequency occurs. To determine the location of a crack or any other damage of this kind, it is important to know when a particular frequency occurs that Fourier transform in this field is weak. A novel and efficient method of signal analysis, which has been welcomed by researchers in recent years, is called Wavelet Transform (WT) and has great ability to detect all kinds of discontinuities or inconsistencies, such as sudden loss of hardness, loss of performance, and failure. Bridges are one of the most important structural members, so this research will investigate an example of them, because of its historical importance, by the wavelet transform method.
Positioning and determining pupils being open and closed and its role in accident reduction
Authors: Ramakrishnan Jayabrabu , Mavaluru Dinesh , Mubarakali Azath
Published: March 2022

Despite wide spread advances in the car manufacturing industries around the world, the death toll from car accidents is worrying. This concern is heightened when reports of a road accident website reports that the main reason in 25% of road accidents in particular and 60% to road accidents resulting in death or injury. Therefore, there has been a great deal of researches and functions for the automatic and machine detection of drowsiness that of them have reached the production stage. The present study is a method for positioning the pupil of the eye, determining the opening and closing of the pupil in real time and in unlimited environments, using the color feature in the first step, in Ybcbr color space and with the help of Gaussian function and Euclidean distance detection and then the area of the eye is positioned using the Viola jones algorithm. Finally, in order to locate the pupil and detect its openness, we have used two parallel Kalman filters. If the pupils are closed, they follow the Harris Eye Detection algorithm to identify the drowsiness of the driver and use this system to minimize the deaths caused by fatigue (tiredness) while driving. Detection is performed more precisely in the case of face rotation, different lighting conditions, and the eyes being closed or missing one of the eyes, the presence of glasses, beards, makeup, hijab, or obstruction of the eyes. The low computational complexity and maximum stability, real-time and unrestricted environment are other advantages of this method, all because the filters operate in parallel and do not even require high-resolution images.
Effect of Using Anti-Stripping on Fracture Behavior of Asphalt Mixtures Using Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanic (LEFM) Technic
Authors: Reza Bayrami Yousef , Nobakht Dudran Shams
Published: March 2022

Today, cracking asphalt pavement in low temperature is one of the obstacles for protecting pavement in the cold climates. One of important factors in extending of these types of cracking is cooling and heating temperature cycles according to the changes in seasons. Therefore, this research examines these types of asphalt cracking by considering asphalt mixtures and using mechanics science. In this research, cold environmental conditions were determined by making asphalt gyratory asphalt samples and fracture test in -15°C to study the effect of asphalt mixtures important parameters, it means asphalt construction materials textile on fracture resistance of samples.  On the other hand, simultaneous effect of two parameters on asphalt fracture resistance was examined by considering the effect of freezing and thawing cycles, as well as using siliceous and calcareous materials. In addition, the effect of this material was studied to improve asphalt properties and fracture resistance by introducing antistripping material.
A Review on Main Challenges of Disaster Relief Supply Chain to Reduce Casualties in Case of Natural Disasters
Authors: GOli Alireza , Bakhshi Mani , Babaee Tirkolaee Erfan
Published: March 2022

Iran is among the ten disaster-prone countries and, in terms of earthquake, it has been ranked the sixth in the world. Although the damages caused by the disasters are not irreversible from different aspects, they could be reduced to minimum by choosing appropriate preventive actions as well as preparedness plans to counteract the impacts of these incidents. According to the increasing trend of disasters and crises which destroy businesses and communities, considering relief supply chain under crisis situations (HDRSC), in the wide field of supply chain management (SCM), is necessary and vital. Even though considerable volume of research have been done in the field of supply chain and with the focus on the disaster relief, few studies have addressed its complex features and properties. So, this paper concentrates on the activities such as demand determination and supply chain coordination. This research provides the supply chain managers who are faced with similar problems in other environments with valuable insights.
Investigating the synthesis and growth of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on a cobalt catalyst
Authors: Bakhshkandi Roya , Ghoranneviss Mahmood
Published: March 2022

A new deposition process working inthe pressure of 1torr has been created for the growth of titanium dioxide layers composed of nanoparticles. The Growth of Ti Oscanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX, and Raman scattering. Respectively, the particles sizes are 2 nanoparticles has been investigated by about D1=124nm,D2=108.85nm,andD3=97.94nm.And Raman peaks are in 132.36, 182.85, 27.82, 392.59, 458.41, 503.74, 512.45, 600.92, 623.24, 631.28, and 809.08.cm-1
Study the standards and indicators in locating the tourism services in rural areas
Authors: Sattari Mohammad hossein , Ali Ziari Yousef , Darvish Behrouz
Published: March 2022

Tourism industry is an integrated system that its elements can be correlated. Providing accommodation constitutes one of the dynamic sectors of tourism. The situation of these centers is considered as the most important factor in their success. The establishment of each urban element in a spatial-physical situation is governed by particular rules, principles, and mechanisms which, if met, they will result in the success and efficiency of that element at the same certain place. In locating the residential centers, we need to have criteria and indicators in order to compare between places, more convenient and locating be more precise. The aim of this study is also to provide criteria for site selection of rural tourism services. This research has been done as analytical and has been carried out as a library one. The results show that some principles and criteria to locate villages having tourism attractions includedensity, residential places and tourism installations and tourism facilities, public facilities, employment, transportation, allowed threshold in environment, comfort threshold and natural thresholds. To distribute the tourism services in a rural area according to the current capacity, limits to acceptable change, zoning, license and permission, environmental standards and designing criteria should be considered. Distribution of tourism services in places having attraction and intervention in existing area necessitate the existence of certain rules and regulations and correspondence with local conditions. Therefore, it is essential to legalize intervention in the fields and physical planning, the specific rules and regulations should be developed in each level of planning.
Evaluating of Internet of things’ effect on Smart Classes and Educational System
Authors: Gerami Mohsen , Kazemi Rad Muhammad Hussein
Published: March 2022

In the modern world, with the advent of new technologies in the field of education, there are significant advances. One of these technologies that seems to be more comprehensive and more influences the future of education is the Internet of things technology, as well as smart classroom and educational system. Many researchers have done a lot of work in this field and have achieved good results. In the meantime, each of these researchers has looked at this issue in a particular way. In this paper, we discuss the importance of the Internet of things and smart classes in the educational system. Subsequently, while expressing the importance of data mining in smart classes, we discuss cybercrime attacks and security risks in smart classes equipped with the Internet of things. In the end, we are considering ethical considerations in data collection and data mining. We also offer suggestions to improve this process.
The Effect of Unconscious Influences of Satellite Channels on Attitude of Using Satellite
Authors: Tayebi Khorrami Fereshteh , Fallah Mohammad Hossein , Zareei Mahmood Abadi Hassn
Published: March 2022

In recent years, users of satellite networks is increasing, and users of learning hidden and the effects of the unconscious as a result of the use of satellite data to be transferred is limited. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of unconscious influences satellite networks in changing the attitude of the satellite was done. This research is quasi-experimental pretest - post-test with control group. The study population consisted of all parents participating in the Parents Community School District 2 city Safashahr school year was 92%. For this purpose, 30 female users  of  of 90-minute experimental satellites were trained on the unconscious effects. Subjects in both groups at the beginning and end of the study using a questionnaire approach were tested using satellites. To analyze the data, analysis of covariance was used. The results of analysis of covariance showed the  effects of unconscious cause’s negative attitude of the satellite. So we can unconsciously influence the  teaching and learning process in the use of satellites may be hidden causing a negative attitude towards  the use of satellites.
Comparison Coagulant Performance of Chloroferric and Polyelectrolyte (LT25) in Removing Organic Materials Turbidity in Raw Water Resources of Ardabil Treatment Plant
Authors: Rafiee Pooriya
Published: March 2022

Suspended and colloidal impurities in the water that cause color, odor, and taste are offensive in water, the necessary water treatment doubled. Therefore, coagulation and flocculation is used to remove them. One of the most important material is ferric coagulant in water treatment processes. To improve the performance of different coagulants from coagulant aid can be used. Given that the raw water surface water treatment plant Ardabil via funded and organic pollution load is high, the aim of this study was possible to remove more organic material biological contamination of raw water resource treatment plant is Ardabil to compare the performance of contract of polyelectrolyte LT25 with ferric chloride as a coagulant aid with ferric chloride as well as performance, the removal of organic contamination of ferric chloride and polyelectrolyte coagulant LT25 was used. To determine the amount of coagulant required and the optimum pH for coagulation practice jar test was used. The results of these studies as well LT25 polyelectrolyte coagulant aid compared with ferric chloride coagulant indicated as a polyelectrolyte LT25 reduces settling time and pH reduction was Fluke.
Geophysical and Geoelectric Studies of Dry Dam against Flood
Authors: Yury Artamonov , Igor Kamanin , Oleg Veselitsky
Published: March 2022

Water shortage has always been one of the fundamental problems in society. For this reason, dams play an important role in the country's water crisis. Among the dams, embankment dams are the most common type of dams that local materials can be used for their construction. Because embankment dams are susceptible to cracking, the extension of crack should be prevented in them with necessary measures. In this study, geophysical studies of dry dam were proposed. For this purpose, geoelectric method has been used to study and identify different layers of the dam, identify cracks as well as the water surface in the dam body and the results show the layering separation based on soil specific resistance.
Survey on Fractal image compression
Authors: Fathi Abdolhossein , Saham Abduljabbar Nashab
Published: March 2022

The need for multimedia applications has increased over the years. Due to this issue, image and video compression becoming an essential problem in reducing time and data storage. Fractal Image Compression (FIC) is a compression technique which results in loss, and we can have large amounts of compression. This scheme works by classifying an image into blocks and uses Contractive Mapping. Some of FICs advantages can be expressed as follows: comparing with other standard compression techniques, it has a good interchange between PNSR and compression ratio and it zooms the image without reducing the quality due to its resolution independent nature. The main FICs drawback, is its complexity in encoding and lack of speed.
A Bi-Objective Optimization of Portfolio Risk Response Strategies in Oil and Gas Projects
Authors: Mirsharafeddin Shadisadat
Published: March 2022

Risk management and control of project risks have been the intrinsic characteristics of high-rise oil and gas projects in a changing of engineer-procure-construct (EPC) projects. In this research, a novel bi-objective optimization model for the best mixture of projects is proposed. The first objective focuses on maximizing profits and efficiency of risk responses, and the second objective aims at minimizing project direct cost including machinery, human, and material costs to implement proper risk responses over a planning horizon under uncertainty. In this model, risks of the projects are controlled by time, quality, and cost constraints, and the most optimum risk response strategies (RRSs) are selected to eliminate or reduce the impacts of the risks. Thus, the combination of optimum projects with the best RRSs can be selected for an organizational portfolio model. As this model is complex and difficult to solve, another novelty of this paper is to propose a novel hybrid metaheuristic as a combination of red deer algorithm (RDA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to address the proposed optimization model. Multi-objective assessment metrics are also employed to have a comparison among this hybrid metaheuristic and its individual ones. Finally, to assess the proposed solution method and the developed model, the empirical result and sensitivity analysis are carried out. Some large-scale high-rise EPC projects and their associated risks are evaluated as our test cases in this study and managerial insights are concluded from the results.
A Conceptual Model for Reverse Supply Chains and Information Sharing
Authors: Louis Nicholas Harris, Sushil J. , La Jim Hung
Published: March 2022

Reverse supply chain is the process of returning the products from their production or consumption centers back to the supply chain in order to extend their life cycle and gaining competitive advantage. In this paper, these chains and their difference with forward supply chains are introduced from previous researches. Then the different flows of products, disposal options, processes and members are presented. For reverse supply chains the level of information sharing and the uses of IT are modeled at this paper. Finally, the criteria for selecting an information sharing technology are identified and a hierarchical model is suggested to achieve the managerial insights conceptually
High Resolution Biosensor with Simultaneous Detection of Two Refractive Index Sample in Optical Microstructure
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Sani Mojtaba , Sami Parisa , Shen Chao , Behzadnia Hadi
Published: March 2022

In this work, a biosensor is designed with simultaneous detection of cancer cell and diabetes cell in all-optical microstructure. Hexagonal photonic crystal with silicon rods are placed in the air bed with a refractive index of n0 = 2.64. In the proposed structure, from two nonlinear cavities have been used to place the samples in those cavities. The main operation is to detection diseases by the refractive index of the samples. Detection of Samples have been performed at central wavelength λ = 1550 nm. The percentage of transmission power is between 91% and 100%. The total two dimensional of ​​the biosensor is 61.56 µm2. The sensitivity range is between S = 3080 nm / RIU and 1294 nm / RIU. The Figure of Mertie (FOM) at best is FOM = 1550.11 ± 150.11 RIU-1 and Detection range is 31×10-6 RIU. Detection of the disease through two nanocavities simultaneously (blood and tear samples) is one of the important applications of the proposed structure.
Modified Laplace Based Variational Iteration Method for the Mechanical Vibrations and its Applications
Authors: Rehman Shahida , Hussain Akhtar , Rahman Jamshaid Ul , Anjum Naveed , Munir Taj
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we are putting forward the periodic solution of non-linear oscillators by means of variational iterative method (VIM) using Laplace transform. Here, we present a comparative study of the new technique based on Laplace transform and the previous techniques of maximum minimum approach (MMA) and amplitude frequency formulation (AFF) for the analytical results. For the non-linear oscillators, MMA, AFF and VIM by Laplace transform give the same analytical results. Comparison of analytical results of VIM by Laplace transform with numerical results by fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK) method conforms the soundness of the method for solving non-linear oscillators as well as for the time and boundary conditions of the non-linear oscillators.
Method for Enhanced Accuracy in Machining Free-Form Surfaces on CNC Milling Machines
Authors: Werner Andrzej
Published: March 2022

The present article describes a method for enhanced accuracy in machining free-form surfaces produced on CNC milling machines. In this method, surface patch machining programs are generated based on their nominal CAD model. After the pretreatment, coordinate control measurements are carried out. The obtained results of the measurements contain information on the values and distribution of observed machining deviations. These data, after appropriate processing, are used to build a corrected CAD model of the surface produced. This model, made using reverse engineering techniques, compensates for the observed machining deviations. After regeneration of machining programs, the object processing and control measurements are repeated. As a result of the conducted procedure, the accuracy of the manufacture of the surface object is increased. This article also proposes the introduction of a simple procedure for the filtration of measurement data. Its purpose is to minimise the effect of random phenomena on the final machining error correction. The final part of the article presents the effects of the proposed method of increasing the accuracy of manufacturing on ‘raw’ and filtered measurement data. In both cases, a significant improvement in the accuracy of the machining process was achieved, with better final results obtained from the filtered measurement data. The method proposed in the article has been verified for three-axis machining with a ball-end cutter.
Employing Atmospheric Sensors and Turbulent Energy Cascade Theory to Quantify Hazardous Airborne Transmissibility
Authors: Cazacu Ana , Bodale Ilie , Roșu Alin Iulian
Published: March 2022

Airborne viruses, bacteria, or toxins are dangerous because of the nature of the human transmission pathway through breathing. However, every airborne component must conform to the laws of physics governing atmospheric propagation. Given the fact that most atmospheric flows, at both ground level and throughout the atmosphere, are highly turbulent, the mechanisms of turbulence can be employed to understand the propagation of such components. In this paper, the problem of harmful airborne pathogen transmission is considered in the context of atmospheric turbulence and wall-bounded flow theory. Two approaches are considered: one of them relies on singular measurements of building boundary distances and morphology, and the other relies on constant temperature measurement. The theoretical and practical potential of these approaches is then discussed and explained in a larger urban context.
A Tumor Growth Model with a „Butterfly” – Type Chaotic Time Attractor. Cancer Evolution Through a Traveling Waves-Type Mechanism
Authors: Butuc Irina , Ghizdovăţ Vlad , Rusu Cristina-Marcela , Buzea Călin Gheorghe
Published: March 2022

In this paper we propose a new tumor growth model, based on the original model developed by Anderson-Chaplain to which we attached Ivancevic’s “butterfly” time attractor. The chaotic behavior provides a more realistic perspective on tumor growth, with uncertainties and uncontrollable long term stochastic effects.
Dispersive Behaviours in Complex Structures
Authors: Butuc Irina , Ghizdovăţ Vlad
Published: March 2022

In the framework of the Scale Relativity Theory, a fractal Korteweg-de Vries-type equation for describing dispersive behaviours of any complex structure is obtained. In the one-dimensional case, the general solution of this equation show that the dispersive behaviours of any complex structure are given by means of cnoidal oscillation modes. Through these modes degeneration, dispersive behaviours of soliton, soliton-package, harmonic etc. result.
A “Hidden” Symmetry and Some of Its Implications
Authors: Ghizdovăţ Vlad , Guţu Mihai Marius , Oprea Iuliana , Ştefănescu Cipriana
Published: March 2022

In Physics, hidden symmetries can either be employed to describe special systems and configurations, or even be used as a basic block of a theory itself. In this paper, a special hidden symmetry of a physical field propagation phenomenon, having strong implications in the interactions theories (a classical Fresnel-type image of light propagation) is analyzed.
You Shall Not Pass: The Strategic Narratives Defining Russia’s Soft Power in Lithuania
Authors: Česnakas Giedrius
Published: March 2022

The article argues that states’ narratives about themselves and each other, shaped by the foreign policy decision-makers, create filters for the achievement of soft power goals. A state agent can shape narratives that can be rejected by the state’s target’s society because they would undermine dominating biographical and strategic narratives of the state target. The empirical analysis of the narratives of the president, minister of foreign affairs, and spokesperson of the MFA of Russia illustrates how Russia prevents itself from soft power expansion by “othering” Lithuania. At the same time, analysis of the narratives of presidents and the minister of the foreign affairs of Lithuania illustrates how they shield society from Russia’s narratives and, thus, soft power while searching for “sameness” with the Euro-Atlantic partners.
Human Rights and Religious Freedoms During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Kosovo
Authors: Mucaj Avdylkader , Muqaj Florent
Published: March 2022

This article studies the Kosovo Government decision to restrict freedom of movement vis-á-vis freedom of gathering during the Covid-19 pandemic, a restriction which has directly affected religious freedoms and practices across multiple religions. The article also addresses the decision of the Constitutional Court, which ruled that the Government’s decision was unconstitutional. The article reflects on and contextualizes the behaviors of different religious communities in Kosovo, in light of these religious restrictions in the age of Covid-19.
Accountability, Public Values, and Participatory Budgeting in Poland
Authors: Zawadzka-Pąk Urszula Kinga
Published: March 2022

Among the different instruments of collaborative governance, participatory budgeting (PB) is of particular interest in Poland. PB includes the residents who co-decide about local public expenditure. PB proponents suggest that it has the potential to democratize budgeting but others point to the ease with which organized groups sometimes capture the process to serve their interests. The analysis shows that due to the weak axiological grounds that result from the infringements of all nodal public values, e.g. human dignity, sustainability, citizen involvement, openness, secrecy, compromise, integrity, and robustness, PB in Poland has little potential to enhance accountability for the protection of the common good.
Criminalization of the Promise and Offer to Give or Accept a Bribe as a Completed Criminal Offense: Compliance with the Ultima ratio Principle
Authors: Gruodytė Edita , Urbšytė Ugnė
Published: March 2022

As the processes of globalization become more intense, the legislation adopted by international institutions occupies an increasingly important place in national criminal law, including crimes related to corruption. However, the regulation of some acts of corruption, in the context of sustainable development, raises questions about its compliance with criminal law principles. This article examines the requirements of international law to criminalize a promise and offer to give or accept a bribe in national law, recognizing that criminalization of such actions as completed criminal offense potentially violates the principle of ultima ratio. The article demonstrates that there is no unequivocal conclusion from international law that states must provide for liability for all acts of bribery as a completed criminal act. In order to implement the principle of ultima ratio, criminal liability for acts consisting essentially in the preparation or attempt to pay a bribe should not be enshrined in the same paragraph as bribery, where the bribe is exchanged by hand.
The Good Faith Based Approach as a Legally Acceptable Intervention in Freedom of Contract to Protect Consumers’ Rights When Banks Unilaterally Close Accounts
Authors: Jelisejevs Aleksejs
Published: March 2022

This article assesses the permissibility of interference in private autonomy under the good faith principle when payment service providers unilaterally terminate contracts with consumers. The protection of the interests of such consumers is impeded by the formal application of legal rules and contractual terms, which ultimately contradicts public interests, including combating money laundering and terrorism financing. To overcome this conflict, the article proposes a doctrinal approach according to which the bank’s right to withdraw from the contract unilaterally should be limited by the systemic and teleological interpretation of regulating rules in combination with the general civil principle of good faith, which, by analogy with the original source of the problem, is called a good faith based approach. One of the general frameworks for implementing this approach is respect for freedom of contract, which is limited by the non-discussion presumption, modern civil law practice, and legal regulation of a consumer’s interests. According to research based on EU and Latvian law, legal doctrine, and case law, there are also valid reasons to intervene in private autonomy that should be recognized as legally acceptable for restoring justice and contractual equality in favor of consumers.
Construction Safety Management Report for High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Ni Pengcheng
Published: March 2022

Due to the current rapid economic development, all walks of life have also achieved considerable development. Among them, the construction industry is particularly prominent. In the process of modern city construction, high-rise and super high-rise buildings are more and more common. As we can see, there are a lot of accidents happening at the construction site. In order to find the CSFs for safety management, the author uses SPSS software to collect the data from survey and then performs an analysis. This way, the key factors have been found to affect the safety management. In the meantime, the case study is used to verify the key factors and get the correlation between different CSFs. In order to reduce the possibilities of safety problems at construction sites and propose some suggestions to existing problems, the author combines the current situation and CSFs. The aim of the article is to help companies manage construction sites more efficiently, thus promoting the healthy development of the construction industry in Poland.
Assessment of Land Speculator’s Operation for Land Accessibility in Nigeria
Authors: Oyedeji Joseph Oyewale
Published: March 2022

Land speculation is a form of investment for future gain in form of appreciation in land value. Previous studies on land speculation have failed to examine the operations of land speculators but rather focused on negative impact of land speculation. This study fills this gap by evaluating the operation of land speculators. A hypothesis is tested in addition to four specific objectives. The 21 land speculators with physical presence in five local governments neighbouring Lagos State, Nigeria, have been surveyed using questionnaires. Data gathered have been analysed using frequency distribution table, relative importance index (RII), ranking and linear regression. Findings of the study reveal that family is the major source of land acquisition. Also, land speculation activity is not regulated in the study area. The study reveals that the majority of the speculated land is not covered by a state recognised title. The most prevalent activity of the land speculators in the study area is apportioning land into plot with RII of 0.962. Also, land speculation is mostly financed using equity with RII of 0.895. Profiteering from business is the highest ranked motivation with RII of 0.914. The highest ranked perceived consequence from land speculator’s perspective is an increase in land price with RII of 0.914. The study hypothesis H0 stating that there is no significant impact of land speculation on land accessibility has been rejected and an alternate hypothesis has been accepted as it has been established that land speculation has a significant impact on land accessibility which means that land speculation is a major hindrance to land accessibility. Assessment of land speculator’s operation reveals their awareness of the negative consequences of their actions. However, they are motivated by anticipated proceeds from the venture.
Crack Growth Diagnostic of Ball Bearing Using Vibration Analysis
Authors: Belaid S. , Lecheb S. , Chellil A. , Mechakra H. , Safi B. , Kebir H.
Published: March 2022

It is known that supported ball bearings have great effects on the vibrations of the gear transmission system, above in all the presence of local faults as well as the crack growths. For this purpose, this paper focuses on shock and vibration crack growth diagnostic of ball bearing using vibration analysis. Our work is devoted first to a study the static behaviour of the ball bearing by determining the stress, strain and displacement, then its dynamic behaviour by determining the first four natural frequencies. Secondly, a dynamic analysis study of the bearing was carried with defects as a function of crack size and location. The obtained results clearly show that the natural frequencies decrease in a non-linear way with the growth of the length of the crack, on the other hand the stress increases with the presence of the singular points of the crack. Finally, this residual decrease in natural frequencies can be used as an indicator of the state of failure, as well as a parameter used for the diagnosis and screening, and to highlight the fatigue life of the bearing
Improvement of the Graphical Method for Plotting the Shear and Moment Diagrams for Members Subjected to Linearly Varying Loads
Authors: Husain Muhammed Abbas , Ali Abdulkhaliq Salim
Published: March 2022

This study presents an improvement of the graphical method for plotting the shear and moment diagrams for the structural members under linearly varying loads (triangular and trapezoidal loads). Based on the parabolic nature of the shear function, when the loading varies linearly, and on the relations among load, shear, and moment, a mathematical equation is developed to locate the zero-shear point, while a geometric technique is presented to calculate the parabolic shear area. Five comprehensive examples of beams loaded with linearly varying loads are selected to illustrate the steps of the solution for the proposed techniques. The results demonstrated the applicability of the presented method, and gave exact diagrams compared with the basic graphical method. It is concluded that the proposed improved method is generally more convenient, less time-consuming, and has less computational efforts because it does not require sectioning, solving equilibrium equations, and quadratic formulas compared with the basic graphical method.
Difference Scheme for Differential-Difference Problems with Small Shifts Arising in Computational Model of Neuronal Variability
Authors: Kodipaka Mamatha , Emineni Siva Prasad , Kolloju Phaneendra
Published: March 2022

The solution of differential-difference equations with small shifts having layer behaviour is the subject of this study. A difference scheme is proposed to solve this equation using a non-uniform grid. With the non-uniform grid, finite - difference estimates are derived for the first and second-order derivatives. Using these approximations, the given equation is discretized. The discretized equation is solved using the tridiagonal system algorithm. Convergence of the scheme is examined. Various numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the validity of the scheme. In contrast to other techniques, maximum errors in the solution are organized to support the method. The layer behaviour in the solutions of the examples is depicted in graphs.
Unsteady Electro-Magneto Hydrodynamic Flow and Heat Transfer of Two Ionized Fluids in a Rotating System with Hall Currents
Authors: Raju T. Linga , Rao B. Venkat
Published: March 2022

An unsteady flow and heat transmission of ionized gases via a horizontal channel enclosed by non-conducting plates in a rotating framework with Hall currents is examined using electro-magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) two-fluid heat flow. The Hall current impact is taken into account by assuming that the gases are totally ionized, the applied transverse magnetic field is very strong. For temperature and velocity distributions in two-fluid flow regions, the governing equations are solved analytically. For numerous physical parameters such as the Hartmann number, Hall parameter, rotation parameter, viscosity ratio, and so on, numerical solutions are visually displayed. It was discovered that an increase in temperature in the two regions is caused by the thermal conductivity ratio. It was also realized that an increase in rate of heat transfer coefficient at the plates is caused by either the Hartman number or the Hall parameter.