bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tomato Vegetable Leafminer Control, 1977
Authors: Tryon E. H. , Poe S. L.
Published: March 2022

Nine insecticides were evaluated for control of moderate populations of vegetable leafminers and their parasites on ‘Walter’ tomato seedlings. The 10 week old seedlings (on Dec 1) were grown in Speedling #400 seedling flats in a Speedling greenhouse in Sun City, FL. A soilless (peat and vermiculite) mixture was used to grow the 24 plants per flat. Each flat contained a single treatment with four plants making a replicate (N = 6). Foliar sprays were applied from a plastic quart hand sprayer. The seedlings were sprayed Dec 1, 7, 13, and 19, and collected Dec 21. Tomato plant replicates were placed in pint sherbet containers. Forty five days after collecting, the emerged adult leafminers and parasites were counted.
Insecticides as Seed Treatments for Control of Seed Maggots, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

For this test conducted at Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, NY, seeds of Provider Greenhouse snapbeans, Fordhook 242 lima beans, California light red kidney beans, and Pioneer 334S field corn were treated with Insecticides or insecticides and fungicides; exception to this was soil application of in-furrow Temik 15G. For small plot testing, 100 seeds per treatment were treated on Jun 17‘77, using a randomized block design and 3 replications; plot size was 11' x 20' using 4-rows per plot, 1 row for each variety tested - row spacing was 36-inches. A screen cone fly trap was used to time planting date for the appearance of second brood seed maggot adults. In addition, 100 lbs/plot of Corenco blood and bone meal was banded over the top of planted rows to attract adults to the test site to insure oviposition. Thirty seeds of each variety were hand planted on Jun 17‘77 per 20' of row. Respective amounts of insecticide or insecticide-fungicide hopper box seed treatments were placed with the seed in kraft paper bags and shaken to thoroughly coat the material on the seeds. The treatment of Dursban 4E (M-4170) + Captan 50W was applied at the rate of 2 oz + 2 oz of product/100 lbs of seed as a slurried seed dressing. On Jul 14‘77, the plant stands were counted along with determining the degree of seed maggot injury to emerged seedlings.
Preplant Systemic Insecticides for Establishment of Alfalfa Seedings, 1978
Authors: Amaya Luz M. , Cancelado Rafael E. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Furadan was applied as soil-incor-porated preplant applications to assess the benefit of using systemic insecticides in establishing alfalfa seedlings. Treatments were applied May 2 to plots 20 x 68 ft., randomized in a complete block design with 3 replications. Granular applications were made by an Ortho-Whirlybird® manual spreader, spray applications were made by tractor-drawn boom sprayer in 23 gal water/acre at 50 psi. Controls con-sisted on noninsecticidal plots as well as plots sprayed with Furadan at 0.5 lb ai/acre when leafhopper nymphs were first detected. Two rates of alfalfa seeding, (5 and 10 lb) with and without nurse crop were used. Insect populations were sampled by vacuum-machine twice and stand counts taken.
Control of the Alfalfa Weevil in West Texas, 1976
Authors: Bynum E. D. , Ward C. R.
Published: March 2022

At Bailey Co., Texas standard insecticides azinphosmethyl (Guthion®) and carbofuran (Furadan®) and three experimental compounds (SD-41706, SD-43775 and SRA-12869) were tested for alfalfa weevil control. The pivot sprinkler-irrigated broadcast planted alfalfa had ca. 10-12 in. of early season growth. Plots were 13.3 ft. wide and 35 ft. long arranged in a four replicate randomized block design. Alfalfa weevil larvae were randomly sampled in three 1 sq. ft. areas within each plot on April 29 prior to insecticide application and posttreatment on May 4, 7, and 14. Emulsifiable (EC), liquid concentrate (L) and flowable (F) insecticide formulations at rates in pounds active ingredient per acre were topically applied with a hand-carried, nitrogen-pressured sprayer equipped with five FS-2 80° nozzles spaced 20 in. apart and calibrated to deliver five gal. of insecticide and water mixture per acre. Aerial application of carbofuran 4F (0.5 lb ai/ac) was made using a Rockwell Thrush Commander with D-10 tips and no. 45 spinners at 18-22 psi.
Alfalfa Weevil Control in Alfalfa, 1977
Authors: Hellman John L. , Rouse Robert
Published: March 2022

The Williamsburg variety of alfalfa selected for the test was a production field partially budded with 80% of the tip showing seevil feeding injury. Stand was 2 years old. Treatment plots wer 10 ft x 10 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Precounts and treatments were made on Apr 25. Precounts of weevil larvae averaged 31/10 stems. Sprays were applied with a “back-pack” CO2 pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 25 gpa at 32 psi. Post treatment counts were taken on Apr 28 and May 3. All larval counts were based on two 10 stem samples taken at random within each plot.
Apple, Orchard Insecticide Studies, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted at the Agway Orchard, Fabius, NY, on dwarf trellised rootstock apple trees of the varieties, Mcintosh, Red Delicious, Macoun, and Cortland. Single-row blocks (each .1 acre) of 22 trees were sprayed with hand-gun sprays to runoff at IX concentration using a tractor-mounted platform sprayer at 80 psi to deliver 300 GPA dilute equivalent. A full-season spray schedule was utilized starting at pink (May 4), petal fall (May 18), 1st cover (May 26), 2nd C (June 2), 3rd C (Jun 9), 4th C (Jun 16), 5th C (June 27), 6th C (Jul 7), 7th C (Jul 21), 8th C (Aug 4), and 9th C (Aug 18). Benlate 50W was used as the standard fungicide (and for check treatment) at .25 lb/100 when insecticides were not combined with other fungicides. Fruit and foliar insect damage ratings were made after first cover sprays on Jun 1 (Table 1), mid-season on Aug 15 (Table 2), and at harvest on Oct 1 (Table 3). At each sampling date, a total of 100 fruit (25 each of 4 varieties) or 100 terminals were examined for insect damage.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1978
Authors: Mayo Z. B. , Peters L. L. , Campbell J. B. , Hagen A. F. , Witkowski J. F.
Published: March 2022

Soil insecticides to control larvae of the corn rootworm were evaluated at 6 locations in Nebraska in 1978. Corn was planted May 5, Apr 26, May 11, May 12, May 10, and May 16 at Mead, Clay Center, North Platte, Scottsbluff, Concord, and Sandhills Agricultural Laboratory (S.A.L.), respectively. All experiments were conducted in irrigated fields. Each insecticide was applied in a 7-inch band over the row (1.2 oz ai/1000 ft of row) at planting time and incorporated by a press wheel. Each treatment consisted of one row, 50 ft long. All experiments were arranged in randomized complete block designs with 4 replications/treatment. Insecticide treatments were evaluated for root damage in mid-July by digging 5 equally spaced plants from each row and rating the roots for rootworm feeding damage using a 1-6 damage scale (l=minor damage; 6=three or more nodes of roots destroyed). Yields were obtained at the Mead, Clay Center, and North Platte locations by harvesting the middle 30 ft of each row and converting to bu of no. 2 corn per acre.
Field Corn, Emergency Treatments for Black Cutworm Control, 1978
Authors: Sechriest Ralph E.
Published: March 2022

Five corn fields with varying degrees of natural infestations of black cutworms were located in Illinois during late May and early June, 1978. The black cutworm larvae ranged in size up to 4th instar, but many 5th instar larvae were also observed in the Pawnee field. Light weed growth was noted in all fields before seedbed preparation and planting. All emergency treatments were broadcast during 1978. All bait formulations were broadcast at 15 lb of formulation regardless of size of pellet or insecticide concentration in each pellet. All liquid formulations were applied as broadcast postemergence sprays with no soil incorporation. Spray boom pressure was set at 20 psi; 12 gallons of total spray per acre was used. Plots were 100 x 100 ft (50 x 50 ft at Belleville) in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. At Belleville the treatments were applied 1 to 2 days before emergence of the seedling corn and were evaluated by counting the number of healthy and cut plants in four 25-ft rows per plot. In all other experiments immediately after application of the treatments, 8 specific rows of 50 ft each were staked and the number of healthy, uncut plants and cutworm-damaged plants counted and recorded per row. Later counts were made in a similar manner for comparison. Yields were harvested by picker-sheller combines at Belleville, Cisco, and Maroa. Rows for harvesting were selected through the center of each plot, where stand and cut plants had been determined earlier in the season. These rows were harvested the entire length of each plot: Belleville, 8 rows x 50 ft; Cisco, 4 rows x 100 ft; and Maroa, 8 rows x 100 ft. The shelled corn was weighed and percent moisture determined as the plots were harvested. Bushels per acre were calculated per plot and averaged for each treatment (Table 2). All data were statistically analyzed and the means compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Sprays for Rice Leafhopper and Planthopper Control. IRRI Laboratory, 1977
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L.
Published: March 2022

Two application methods were used to evaluate the various insecticides. In a contact toxicity study four replications of 25 insects each were treated in a Potter’s spray tower. Insecticides were applied on 2-day-old adult hoppers as 0.04% sprays in a volume of 2 ml and at a vaccum pressure of 0.71 kg/cm2. After treatment insects were placed in a 500 ml beaker containing 10-day-old rice seedlings. Mortality was determined at 48 hours after treatment. In a foliar spray test 12.5 ml of a 0.04% concentration of insecticide were applied on 45-day-old rice plants. This rate is equivalent to 750 g ai/ha. Four replications of 10 insects each were placedonthe plants at 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment. Mortality readings were taken at 48 hours after placing the insects on the plants. Both studies were at a temperature of 27 ± 1°C and mortality values were adjusted using Abbott’s formula. Insecticides having mortality ≥80% were considered effective.
Soybean Insect Control with Foliar Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Soybeans were planted May 26 at Rosemount, Minnesota. Plots were 7 rows (17.5 ft) x 70 ft, randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied September 5, with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer, in 60 gal water/acre at 175 psi. Sampling was done with a 15-inch sweep-net (50 sweeps/plot) 3 days after treatment.
Sudangrass Attempts at Thrips Suppression, Tifton, 1977
Authors: Martin P. B.
Published: March 2022

A portion of a ca 2-acre field of sudangrass (2.5 - 5.5 inch high) growing in Tifton loamy sand in 3 ft rows (middle to middle) exhibited symptoms of heavy thrips pressure. Treatments were applied in water as 30 gal/acre in a 7-9 inch band with a Solo 425 back-pack sprayer with 8006 tips. (Land area between crop rows was used in calculating gallonage and active ingredient/acre.) One row x 29 ft - plots with 4 replicates were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Two 20-plant samples were taken/plot after moving past the first 10 plants. Phytotoxicity ratings were made on whole plots. Moisture was minimal with only a trace of rain between planting (June 16) and treatment dates.
Green Peach Aphid Control on Shade Tobacco with Three Concentrations of Orthene 75SP Mixed with Pecan Dust, Windsor, 1978
Authors: Moore Robert E. B.
Published: March 2022

Shade tobacco plants not growing under the customary shade tent and heavily infested with aphids were selected for this test. Each treatment consisted of 5 plants; three leaves were evaluated from each treatment and each treatment was replicated 3 times. On Aug 8, three leaves were marked in each plot and the aphid counts were taken on 0.5 of the underside of the sample leaf. Pretreatment counts ranged from 4 to 120 and averaged 35.9 per 0.5 leaf. On Aug 11 three concentrations of Orthene 75SP mixed with pecan dust and 4% malathion dust as a comparison standard were applied to the plots. The dusts were applied with a small hand held duster. On Aug 18 the treatments were evaluated. There was no precipitation during the test.
Grasshopper Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1978
Authors: Semtner Paul J.
Published: March 2022

An on-farm test was conducted in Nottoway County, Virginia, to determine the effectiveness of insecticides for grasshopper control on flue-cured tobacco. The experiment consisted of 7 treatments replicated 3 times without a check. Plots were 4 rows wide and 100 feet long. They were separated by 8 foot strips of Digitaris spp. and Amaranthus spp. One end of each plot was adjacent to an orchardgrass-fescue hay meadow, while the other end was tobacco. Treatments were applied on July 27 and August 8 in 23.3 gallons of finished spray per acre using a CO2-powered knapsack sprayer equipped with a single solid cone nozzle and 60 psi. Three days after the initial application it rained 1.3 inches. It then rained at least 0.1 inches on the next 5 consecutive days. Live grasshoppers were counted on 20 plants in each plot. Dead grasshoppers were counted in a strip 50 feet long and 2 feet wide between the 2 center rows of each plot. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and mean separation was by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Marigold, Flower Thrips Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

Four insecticides were evaluated for flower thrips control between July 5, and July 24, 1978. The plantings were located at the Federal Church, West Lafayette, Indiana. All of the treatments were foliar applications applied with a one gallon B&G Stainless Steel compressed air sprayer operating at 30 psi. A randomized block design with 3 replicates was used. Each plot consisted of an individual plant 8-10 inch high. Three weeks after treatment 5-6 inch foliage and flower samples were removed, bagged, taken to the laboratory placed in a Berlese Funnel and the collected thrips counted under a binocular microscope.
Pyracantha, Hawthorn Lacebug Control, 1978
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Ree Bill , Hart Dottie
Published: March 2022

A pyracantha hedge was treated on June 27 in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Application equipment consisted of a John Bean 55 sprayer, series L-155 and a 785 John Bean Spraymaster deluxe gun which delivered 1.76 gal/min of finish spray at 300 psi. Plants were sprayed until runoff. Treatments were randomized and replicated two times. Each replicate consisted of a 5 ft section, 3 to 5 ft high. Temperature at time of application was 95°F and the wind velocity was 0 to 5 mph. Pretreatment and postreatment counts were determined by examining the leaves on 6 inches of terminal branch growth at six locations in each replicate.
Various Seed Insects
Authors: Roth Herbert , Fons James , George E.
Published: March 2022

Acacia saligna, Eurytoms sp.; Amorphafructicosa, Acanthoscelidescollosus (Fall); Betuja spp.; Oligotrophusbetulae (Winnertz); Caraganaarborescens, Bruchophaguscaraganae (Nikolskaya); Casuarinaequisetifolia, Bootanomyiaorientalis Mathur and Hussey; Cedrusdeodara, Torymus sp.; Crataegusmonogyna; Crataegusoxycantha, Torymusvariana (Walker); Lonicaratatarica, Rhagoletiscerani (Linnaeus); Malusfloribunda, TorymusPvarians (Walker); Prunusavium, Furcipusrectirostris (Linnaeus); Prunusserctina, Rhynchitea sp.; Apple: Malus sp., Phagoletispomonella (Walsh); Faba beans: Viciafaba, Bruchusrufimanus Boheman; Kudzu: Puerarialobata, Callosobruchusademptis (Sharp); Lentils: Lensculinaris, Bruchussignaticornis Gyllenhal.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1978
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: March 2022

Experimental sprays were applied to runoff to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 Red Delicious, both spur-type trees. Experimental sprays were applied with a spraygun from a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35-gpm pump on Jun 30, Jul 10, and Aug 8 to all plots. General purpose sprays of captan 50W 1.5 1b, Guthion 50W 0.25 lb, and Sevin 50W 1.0 lb/100 gallons dilute were applied at ca. 2-wk intervals throughout the summer. Average temperatures were: May 58.6°F, Jun 68.5°F, Jul 70.4°F, and Aug 74.1°F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 5.67, Jun 3.24, Jul 7.98, and Aug 2.46. Effectiveness of the test materials on the European red mite, two-spotten spider mite, and A.fallacis was evaluated by making several counts of mites on random samples of 20 leaves/tree, 80 leaves/treatment. Mite population pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Kentucky Bluegrass, Sod Webworm Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

A series of 14 treatments were applied to a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette, Indiana on June 14, 1978. At the time of treatment adult moths were flying and egg deposition for the first generation had begun. Plots were 7 by 14 feet and the experiment was replicated five times. Sprays were applied with a boom mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. A pressure of 30 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Granular applications were made with a 7 foot wide John Deere granular applicator mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. Half of each plot was sampled on July 12 and 25 by applying a mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” and water to half of the plot with a sprinkling can and counting the number of larvae that emerged.
Insecticides for German Cockroach Control, 1978
Authors: Rust Michael K. , Reierson Donald A.
Published: March 2022

Field tests with aerosols, aqueous sprays, baits, and dusts were conducted in a private apartment complex near Los Angeles. Each apartment in which treatments were applied were trapped and a survey questionnaire distributed. Cockroaches were most frequently observed in the kitchen and bathroom, but occasionally were also noted in the storage and bedroom areas. Representative infestation levels were determined with two 0.95-litre jar traps baited with bread and left in the kitchen of each apartment for 7 days. Powdered clay in each Jar prevented trapped cockroaches from escaping. The total number of cockroaches trapped/appartment after treatment were compared to precounrs by the Wilcoxon’s signed-ranks test. Approximately 0.6-0.9 litre of aerosol spray/apt. (formulated by S. C. Johnson Inc.) was applied extremely thoroughly in kitchens, bathrooms, and storage areas. With liquids, 0.8-1.1 litre (0.9-1.2 qt) finish aqueous spray/apt. was applied from a B&G compression sprayer equipped with a Spraying System Co. multeejet nozzle (No. 800067). Sprays were directed along intersections, cracks and crevices, beneath and behind appliances, and in areas likely to harbor cockroaches in the kitchen, bathroom, and storage areas. In apartments treated with Bolt chlorpyrifos and Black Flag propoxur bait, 10 bait stations were placed behind appliances and on shelves in the kitchen; 4-6 were placed next to corners, in storage areas; 2 were placed on the floor of the bathroom. The powders (ca 0.7 lb/apt) were applied with Getz and Centrobulb hand dusters. Powder was applied around appliances and in areas likely to be left undisturbed. The performance of boric acid dyed blue + sucrose octa-acetate (a bitter tasting flavor adulterant) for increased safety was compared to technical and stabilized boric acid.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Cockroach Control, 1978
Authors: Rust M. K. , Reierson D. A.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted to determine the intrinsic activity and potential usefulness of deposits of several experimental and commercial insecticides against German cockroaches. Filter paper and glass were treated with liquid so that 1% preparations provided 0.08 mg ai/cm2 (74 mg/ft2). Aerosols were sprayed to visible dampness (ca 4 sec spray/ft2) and dusts were applied at 14.6 cc/ft2 only on filter paper. Acetone solutions of pyrethrin and resmethrin chemically enclosed (i.e. included) in cyclodextrin were prepared from material formulated in Japan by Dr. I. Yamamoto. Each treatment was tested against 3-5 replicates of 10 adult ♂ German cockroaches (UCR Normal). The mean time required to produce 50% KD (KT-50) was determined for deposits 18 hr old and 28 days old. Diazinon 4E served as a standard in most of the tests. The performance of each test toxicant on each substrate and age was compared to the activity of Diazinon by establishing a ratio of their KT-50 values. Simulated efficacy and repellency tests were performed in standard wooden choice boxes which have 2 compartments separated by a partition. The masonite floor of the dark compartment (0.5 ft2) was treated with 3 ml liquid, 10 cc of powder or was sprayed to dampness with aerosol.
Cattle, Evaluation of Two Pyrethroids for the Control of Adult Diptera, 1977
Authors: Brown Steven J. , Knapp Fred W.
Published: March 2022

15 Holstein heifers and steers weighting 180 kg were used in this study. The animals were divided into 5 groups (3 animals/group) with 4 groups receiving a specific insecticidal treatment and the 5th group receiving no treatment. Both pyrethroides, Atroban and Ectrin, were applied as 0.1% and 0.05% whole body sprays under 40 lb pressure with a hand sprayer. The treated animals were allowed to dry after which they were placed into screened stalls measuring 4m x 4m x 4m and 100 premarked (Dayglo) house, stable, face and 200 unmarked horn flies were released into each stall. Twenty hours later the mortality for each fly species was determined by counting the live flies remaining and subtracting from the number of each fly species released. The animals were then removed to individual pasture paddocks and weathered for one week, at which time they were returned to the screened stalls for further testing. When fly control for each species was less than 65%, the test was terminated. All data was analyzed by the analysis of the variance and significance was checked at the 0.05 level.
Cattle, Control of Face and Horn Flies on Beef Cattle with RabonR Ear Tags and A New Ear Device, 1978
Authors: Hall Robert D. , Foehse Mark
Published: March 2022

Plastic ear tags containing 13.7% wt/wt RabonR (stirofos) were affixed to both ears of cattle in 2 locations in Missorui. A total of 43 head in 2 herds was treated in Linn Co., plus a single herd of 60 head in Boone Co. In the former location, an additional herd of 50 animals was treated on June 29 by hanging a new device from each ear. This apparatus, patented by Mr. Roy Goodwin (Lancaster, Mo.) consisted of a small injection-molded plastic bottle with a ring on the top. A threaded neck on the bottom provided attachment for a plastic screw-cap. A 0.5 cm hole in the latter permitted egress of a 22 cm cotton wick. The entire device was held to the ear via a flexible plastic strap passed through the ring, doubled, and inserted through a hole augered in the ear between 2 ribs of cartilage. A molded cap pressed over the plastic strap secured the device against loss. Each device was charged with 20 ml of 140 wt gear oil containing 1% dichlorvos (v/v). In addition, the wick was soaked in this solution prior to attachment. Test animals received these devices in both ears. Assessment of treatment efficacy was made immediately prior to treatment and threrafter at weekly intervals via inspection of 10 head selected at random from each herd. Untreated herds located nearby served as controls and were inspected in a similar manner. Face flies were counted on the entire face, and horn flies on a single side of each animal examined.
Horse Barns, House Fly Control, 1978
Authors: Williams R. E. , Westby E. J.
Published: March 2022

Five horse barns located in Hancock County, Indiana, were selected to evaluate residual wall treatments of AtrobanR (permethrin) for controlling house flies. All of the barns had a history of fly populations warranting control during the summer months. Test treatments were applied to 4 barns on Jul’78 while one barn served as a check. Treatments were applied by hand spraying all exposed interior fly resting surfaces at a rate of 750 sq ft/gal of spray mixture using B&G sprayers equipped with TeejetR #50015 fan-pattern nozzles. Indices of fly populations were obtained weekly by counting fly fecal and regurgitation specks deposited on 5 x 8 inch white paper cards placed in the barns for 24 hr periods. Ten cards were used in each barn (5 inside stalls and 5 in isle ways) suspended from ceilings and wall beams. In addition, 2 sticky fly tapes were placed in each barn to aid in identification of fly species present. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by comparing post-treatment changes in the mean number of fly specks from pre-treatment means and adjusted for natural population changes as reflected from changes in the check barn. Because of excessive variation in fly populations in the test barns a comparison of respective populations by statistical methods was not conducted.
Sheep Ked,

Melaphagus

Ovinus

(L), Control with Organophosphorus Pour-On Insecticides in Idaho, 19731
Authors: Duren Edward P. , Homan Hugh W.
Published: March 2022

A cooperative study with U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, Idaho, was conducted on 13 pens of breeding ewes and lambs that were naturally infested with sheep ked, Melophagusovinus (L.). Counts were made in the area posterior to the navel extending in the britch area of the underside of the rear leg. Pretreatment counts revealed that the shorn ewes averaged 10 keds or less, while nursing lambs had from 20-30. Since the lambs had greater ked populations, evaluation of treatment efficiency was confined to them. The pour-on treatments were applied May 5’73. Posttreatment counts were made June 6 on 10 lambs in each pen.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1978
Authors: Townsend Howard G.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were evaluated for efficacy against phytophagous and predatory mites. Treatments were applied using an air-blast sprayer at a rate of ca 250 GPA. Pretreatment counts were taken and the treatments applied on Aug 10 to 2 randomly selected blocks each containing 3 trees. Postreotment counts were taken weekly (Aug 17, 24, 31, and Sep 7) by collecting 10 leaves from each tree (60 leaves per treatment).
Pear, Pear Psylla Dormant Season Control, 1978
Authors: Burts Everett
Published: March 2022

Three synthetic pyrethroids were applied by helicopter to plots of mixed Bartlett and d’Anjou pear for control of overwintered pear psylla adults. Plots were about 3 acres in size. The helicopter was equipped with standard spray gear except that 3 Beecomist® spray heads with 80u perforated metal sleeves were used in place of conventional nozzles. Some treatments were applied using superior type oil as a diluent at3gal/acre, others with water as a diluent at5gal/acre. Treatments were evaluated for adult kill by a pre- and several posttreatment counts using the beating tray technique (25 tray samples at random from each plot on each counting date).
Peach, San Jose Scale Control, 1978
Authors: Howell J. F.
Published: March 2022

Lorsban (chlorpyrifos) which is registered for control of peachtree borer, Synanthedonexitiosa (Say), and is known to be effective against climbing cutworms (I and A Tests 1978) was tested for control of San Jose scale. The plots consisted of two 30-tree rows/treatment and were located in an abandoned orchard heavily infested with scale. Two applications at 3 rates were tested. The first application on Apr 25 (calyx red or delayed dormant stagelwas a Lorsban + oil combination, but the second on Jul 10 was Lorsban only. The applications were made with a hand gun, using a Bean® piston pump sprayer at a pump pressure of 500 psi. Each tree was sprayed to the drip stage, which required 0.4 to 1.0 gal of spray/tree. The efficacy of the first treatment was determined by holding one 80-cm-long infested twig from each tree in a petri dish in the laboratory where the male scale emerged, and that of the combined treatments was determined by examining 10 fruit/tree at harvest for the presence of scale.
Emergence of Citrus Blackfly from Insecticide-Treated Citrus Leaves, 1978
Authors: Fitzpatrick George
Published: March 2022

Fourteen insecticides were screened against citrus blackfly nymphs. Efficacy was evaluated by determining the number of adults emerged/leaf during a 3-wk (July-August) observation period. Two methods of application were assessed; in the first, 10 leaves each were sprayed until runoff with suspensions of the insecticides and in the second, 10 leaves each were dipped for 5 sec in the suspensions. Each experiment was divided into 2 tests due to time restrictions. Test 1 consisted of the screening of 11 compounds and Test II consisted of the screening of 3 compounds. Each test contained its own control. All leaves were allowed to dry, then each leaf was placed in a petri dish, and citrus blackfly emergence was noted.
Control of Citrus Thrips on Oranges, 1977
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Arvizo G. L.
Published: March 2022

Sprays were applied Mar 31 with a John Bean Sprayer equipped with a pistoltype hand gun using 300 psi. Each tree was sprayed (ms) with approximately 3 gal/tree (3 x 78 = 234 gpa). Trees in this block were planted 10 years ago and in good condition. Thrips counts included both adults and nymphs 5, 10, and 13 da following treatments. The “black box” technique was used (wrapping terminal sharply on a screen-covered box -6x8 inches). Three-tree plots were replicated 4 times.
Aerosol, Dust, and ULV Concentrate Insecticides Tested for Quarantine Use Against Caribbean Fruit Fly, 1977 and 1978
Authors: von Windeguth D. L. , Arner A. , Benschoter C. A. , Burditt A. K.
Published: March 2022

These reported data were obtained in a continuing series of tests of toxicants for use against tropical fruit flies of quarantine importance. The Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrephasuspensa (Loew), used in the tests were from the insect colony established at the Subtropical Horticulture Research Unit at Miami, Florida! Tests were done in empty commercial semitrailer vans (ca. 713 volume) located at various trailer and container leasing firms in the Miami area. One-wk-old adult flies were caged in fabricated, open-ended, screened, pint ice-cream containers (4 cages/test, ca. 200 flies/cage), and the cages were attached to three walls and the ceiling of the van. Insecticides were formulated (1) as dusts (HiSil 233 carrier) and propelled with CO2 gas; (2) as aerosols formulated with Freon or with water and propane/isobutane and released from aerosol pressurized cans; or (3) as E. C.’s applied with Micro-gen or Microsol sprayers. Rates of application were as stated in the table. The exposure to the toxicants lasted 30 minutes, 10 with the van doors closed and the other 20 with one door open. Insect knock down (K.D.) counts were made when the cages were removed at 30 minutes. Mortality counts were made at 24-hr postexposure. Average temperatures during the exposure and holding periods was 25°C. Except when KD and 24-hr mortality were very low (i.e., Lilly L-28 in 1977), all tests were replicated at least twice. All KD and 24-hr mortality counts were corrected by using Abbott’s formula and averaging.
Aphid Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1978
Authors: Boethel David J. , McBride Jere M. , Stewart Larry
Published: March 2022

The experiment was conducted on mature ‘Success’ pecan trees at the Louisiana State University Pecan Station, Shreveport, Louisiana. The experimental design was a randomized block design consisting of 3 blocks with 2 trees per treatment per block. Applications were made Jun 26 with a John Bean 957 sprayer with each tree receiving ca. 33 gal of spray. Evaluation occurred on Jun 30 by counting the aphids present on 10 randomly selected compound leaves per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Snap Beans, Seed Corn Maggot Control, 1978
Authors: Sanborn Stephen M. , Libby John L.
Published: March 2022

‘Gallatin Valley-50’ beans were planted with a cone seeder in 20-foot rows on 36-inch centers on Jun 15 at Arlington, Wl, and Jun 19 at Hancock, Wl. Twenty double-row treatments, baited with meat meal were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications at each location. The soil type was Carrington silt loam at Arlington, Wl, and Kellner sand at Hancock, Wl. The seeding rate was 9 seeds per foot of row.
Control of Worms on Cabbage, 1978
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

A block of ‘Eastern Baldhead’ cabbage transplanted on Jul 5, 1978 by a grower (Robert Wiggin, St rat ham, NH) was utilized. Spray treatments were applied once a week for 7 weeks to 20-foot rows replicated four times and arranged in a randomized block design. A one gallon B & G hand sprayer pressurized to 40 psi with CO2 and delivering 25 gallons of spray per acre was utilized. All combination treatments were tank mixed. Evaluations were made by counting the number of worms on each of 5 plants per replication and by foliage injury ratings on Sep 14’78. Percent marketable heads was determined on Nov 14’78.
Cabbage Lepidopterous Feeders, A 7-To 14-Day Spray Program, 1977
Authors: Flood Brian R.
Published: March 2022

Globe transplants were planted Jun 15’77. The design was a randomized complete block using three replicates each four rows by 40-ft with two border rows between treatments. Two 7-ft borders between blocks and the outside 10 rows were left untreated. Treatments were applied at 30 gpa, using a bicycle wheel sprayer equipped with two sets of D3/25 cone tips per row. Insecticide treatments were applied when larvae were detected furing each 7-to 14-day period. At harvest, 18 days after the last application, five cabbage heads per plot were individually evaluated. The total number of early, mid, or late instar larvae, pupae, and diseased or parasitized larvae of the cabbage looper and the imported cabbageworm was recorded for each plot. Each treatment was rated for damage on a scale of one to five: (1) excellent control, no significant feeding; (2) good control, wrapper leaf feeding; (3) fair control, feeding common; (4) poor control, feeding common and heads damaged; and (5) no control. Cabbage looper pressure was excessive.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Spring Cabbage, 1978
Authors: Halfhill J. E.
Published: March 2022

Golden Acre cabbage was planted in 5 x 20 ft 2-row beds with 22-inch interrow and 24-inch interplant spacing on Mar 28’78 at Yakima, WA. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates (beds). All treatments were applied on Jun 23 with a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-420 tractor traveling at 2.75 mph. An air pressure of 60 psi applied 40 gpa through D2-23 “TEEJET” nozzles mounted 11 inch apart on the boom. The boom height was adjusted to provide maximum coverage of the foliage. The efficacy of the treatments was determined by removing and examining the leaves and heads of 8 market-ready plants taken randomly from each bed 3 days after the treatment.
Control of the Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm, 1975
Authors: Linduska James J. , Olson Stephanie J.
Published: March 2022

‘Early Round Dutch’ cabbage was transplanted in 2-row plots 33-feet long on August 21’75. Plants were spaced 18-inches in the row with 36-inches between rows. Each plot was buffered by 2 guard rows and the treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/a with 40 psi. Treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow-type sprayer using CO2 for spray discharge. The spray boom was equipped with drop nozzles and each row was covered by 3 nozzles. The sprays were applied on Sep 5, 16 and 29; Oct 8 and 13. The granular insecticide treatments were applied with a double spout electric drive Gandy applicator (Model 901-2). The treatments were applied 4-6 inches on either side of the row by placing the Gandy hose outlets behind the inside cultivator teeth. Plots receiving sidedressing were treated on Sep 5 and Oct 7. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were indexed as follows: 1) 0-3% damage - odd holes on leaves; 2) 4-10% damage - few leaves with holes; 3) 11-25% damage - moderate number of leaves with holes; 4) 26-50% damage - most leaves with holes; and 5) 51-100% damage - crown damage and/or all leaves with holes.
Cabbage, Cabbage Looper Control, 1978
Authors: Reed D. K. , Reed G. L.
Published: March 2022

‘Green Pak’ cabbage was transplanted to the field on May 22 in 2 row plots with 10 inch spacing in sandy soil using a mechanical transplanter. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Dust treatments were applied with a hand duster while sprays were applied with a 2 gallon backpack sprayer operated at 35 psi to obtain thorough coverage. Treatments were applied weekly beginning Jun 14 and ending Jul 26. Effectiveness of materials was determined by counting cabbage loopers on 5 plants per replicate weekly. A damage evaluation was taken at each counting data by assigning numerical designations from 0-5 with 0 indicating no damage and 5 heavy damage. The experiment was designed for orthogonal comparison between untreated and treated plots and for within treated plots.
Diamondback Moth and Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage and Brussels Sprouts, 1978
Authors: Seymour P. K. , Wilsey W. T. , Davis A. C.
Published: March 2022

‘Roundup’ cabbage and ‘Jade Cross’ brussels sprouts were transplanted Jul 12’78 on the Robbins Farm near Geneva, NY. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design with 15-ft between each replication. Plots consisted of two 50-ft rows, 36-inches wide, with a 16-inch plant spacing. Two buffer rows of sweet corn separated each treatment. A 2-row, tractor-mounted boom operating at 60 psi, delivering 35 gal H2O/A and having 3 nozzles per row, was used to spray each treatment on a weekly schedule. Effectiveness of treatment was determined by counting diamondback and cabbage looper larvae on 3 plants per replication. Larvae counts were made 2-4days after application. Diamondback infestation was unusually high while cabbage looper infestation was moderate.
Celery Vegetable Leafminer Control, 1978
Authors: Tryon E. H. , Poe Leslie
Published: March 2022

Seven insecticides were evaluated for control of moderate-heavy populations of vegetable leafminers and their parasites on ‘2-14’ celery. Plots were set up in the commercial celery fields of Duda Bros. Farm in Belle Glade, Florida. The celery was grown on organic muck during Feb - May 1978. Foliar sprays were applied at five day intervals from Mar 8 - May 17. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with three *5 nozzles per row was used to apply 5.05 gallons per plot at 150 psi. Each plot was 20 x 20 ft with 150 celery plants in 30 rows with a 20 x 20 ft buffer separating the treatments. There were fourteen treatments randomized in each of four blocks. Experimental celery plots were separated from commercial celery by several buffer rows. The celery was sampled at three dates and the samples, each consisting of seven trifoliates, placed in pint sherbet containers. Twelve samples were collected/treatment. The emerged adult leafminers and parasites were counted six weeks after collecting.
Foliar Spray to Control Worms on Silking Sweet Corn, 1978
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

The sweet corn utilized in this study was located on the Hugh Turtle Farm, Dover, New Hampshire. Each plot consisted of a 30-foot row with each treatment replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Spray treatments were applied to the ear area beginning at 10% silk stage and extending into the brown silk stage. Spray applications were made using a one gallon B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer at 40 psi and a volume of 52 gallons/acre. Evaluations were made on Sep 19’78 by examining 100 ears from each treatment for the presence of worms and feeding injury.
Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer Control Programs in Sweet Corn, 1978
Authors: Flood Brian
Published: March 2022

Sweet corn was planted Jun 20’78 (app. 1000 HU 50) so that ear formation coincided with expected European corn borer and corn earworm flight activity. Twenty chemical treatments and 4 stratified untreated checks were replicated in four randomized complete blocks 80 ft x 164 rows. Each treatment consisted of four rows with two border rows between treatments. Ten border rows were left on the edge of each block. All materials were applied with a modified Hagie Hiboy (25 gpa, 3 mph, and 40 psi) with six D2/23 Tee Jet tips per row. Because of the severe European corn borer pressure, treatments were initiated at row tassel and continued at scheduled intervals adjusted to light trap catches. At harvest, 13 days after the last treatment, 25 ears from the middle two rows of each replicate were examined for damage to each ear as “none” (clean), “tip” (kernels eaten), “side”, or “tip and side”. Each ear was assessed for the number of European corn borers and corn earworms in the early, mid, or late instar stage. Treatments were applied during the heaviest European corn borer flight in 18 years based on light trap records. Corn earworm pressure was also intense, with the main infestation occurring after the Aug 24 application. The untreated checks were 100% infested with 94% damaged ears. There was an average of 2.3 European corn borers and 0.8 corn earworms per ear.
Fleabeetle and Beet Armyworm Control on Seedling Corn, 1978
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D.
Published: March 2022

Golden Bantam T-51 hybrid sweet corn was planted Aug 18’78 at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station. Soil type on the station is Laveen Clay loam. Planting was in a moist seed bed on 80-inch row spacing. Plots were 4 beds wide (13.2 feet) by 30 feet long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Each treatment replicated 0.0364 acre.
European Corn Borer and Fall Armyworm Control in Sweet Corn, 1978
Authors: Straub Richard W.
Published: March 2022

‘Jubilee’ was planted Jun 16’77 in Tioga siltloam soil at New Paltz, NY. Treatments were arranged in 4-row plots 275 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer through 5 nozzles/row, dispensing 30 gallons/A at 60 psi. Treatments were initiated at first silk on Aug 16 and continued on Aug 21 and 26. At harvest maturity (Sep 1), 100 ears from the 2 center rows of each replicate were examined.
Caterpillar Control on Sweet Corn, 1978
Authors: York A. C. , Walker G. L.
Published: March 2022

Bellringer sweet corn was planted 12 Jun with a Planet Jr. UC 21865 was applied as a spray in an 8-10 in. band in 50 gpa prior to planting and lightly incorporated. The other materials were applied as a foliar spray through 2 drop nozzles per row directed to the ear zone of each stalk. Rows were 30-ft long on 30-in centers, 3 rows were used per treatment and separated by 6 ft from the next treatment. The majority of materials were applied in 50 gpa at 68 psi through D4-45 nozzles on 9 Aug, 14 Aug, 17 Aug, and 21 Aug. Sevin 4SL and Sevin UCSF-1 formulations were applied in 10 gpa at 40 psi using D2-23 nozzles. Sevin 4SL at 2 lb/A and Sevin UCSF-1 at 2 lb/A were applied only twice, 9 Aug and 17 Aug. Control was evaluated by husking 25 ears per treatment replicate (4) and counting European corn borer and corn earworm on Aug 25 and 26.
Apple Insects, 1978
Authors: Fisher G. T.
Published: March 2022

Pesticides were applied in a IX dilution at 300 psi so that foliage and fruit were treated to the runoff. All treatments of insecticides were mode on a regular apple schedule allowing approximately a 10-da interval between cover sprays. Mature standard Delicious, Mcintosh, and Cortland trees were randomized and replicated 4 times in a 116-tree block. Application dates were: May 5 (tight cluster); May 10 (bloom - no insecticide applied); May 15-16 (petal fall). Cover sprays were: May 26-27, June 6-7, June 26-27, July 5-6, July 17-18, July 28-29, August 7-8, August 18. Evaluations were made as final harvest fruit scoring (September 7-10). Disease control was accomplished by applying captan 50W (2 lb/100) with each insecticide application and as a bloom spray.
Control of Cabbage Maggot on Turnip, 1978
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J.
Published: March 2022

Plots were planted and treated on Jun 15 with a single cone seeder. Seeds were planted at 10 seeds/ft, germination counts made on Jun 30, and emerged seedlings were thinned to ca. 2/ft on Jul 6. Each treatment consisted of a single row, 25-ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Rows were 36-inches apart, but the insecticide treatments were based on a 24-inch row width since this is the most common row width used by crucifer growers in New York State. Foliar sprays were applied at 63 gallons HoO/acre on Jul 17 and Aug 18 with a single nozzle CO2_powered sprayer mounted on the single cone seeder. Soil type was a Lima silt loam. Turnip roots were pulled, washed and rated for injury by counting the number of tunnels on 10 roots/treatment on Sep 13.
Cabbage Looper Control on Lettuce, 1978
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Arvizo G. L.
Published: March 2022

Four applications were applied during Oct (11, 17, 24, and 31) with a 2.5 gal backpack CO2 pressurized hand sprayer equipped with a 6-nozzle boom operated at 40 psi. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a 42-ft row with an untreated guard row on each side. Results were meas measured by egg and larval counts on 10 plants from the middle of the plots. Counts were made 4 days after each treatment and a final count 10 days after the 4th application.
Control of the Cowpea Curculio and Thrips, on Southern Peas, Test 1, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B.
Published: March 2022

Peas were planted Apr 26‘77. Plots were 4 rows (3 ft spacing), 50-ft long and were replicated 4 X in randomized complete blocks. Soil was a loamy sand and received 8.4 in. rain and 4 in irrigation. The sprays were applied May 24, Jun 17, 20, 24 with a tractor mounted boom, 3 nozzles/row, 50 gal/acre, 50 psi. Thrips damage was evaluated Jun 2 by scoring 10 plants/plot for damage (0 = no damage, 1, 2, 3=light, moderate, severe distortion, resp.). On Jun 27, 25 pods/plot were harvested and examined for cowpea curculio stings on the hull and shelled peas.
Sprinkler Irrigation System Applied Insecticides Control Colorado Potato Beetle, 1978
Authors: Sandvol Larry E. , McMaster Galen M. , Wight Ronald P.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potato seed pieces were planted 10-inches apart in 36-inch rows in silt loam soil on May 4. Plots were arranged in randomized blocks of 5 treatments and 5 replications. Four sprinkler heads irrigated 14 rows 40 feet long. The plots were separated by a 60 foot border zone. Beetles were allowed to invade and multiply naturally. One and six tenths inches of water was applied at the rate of 0.20 inches per hour. On Jul 28 ‘78, two insecticides, Imidan 50W (2 lbs ai/A) and Sevimol (1 lb ai/A) were injected into the irrigation system at the beginning of the last half hour of an 8 hour irrigation set and applied to the plots. Both chemicals were also applied at the same rate with a ground-driven sprayer. Adult and larval beetle counts were made 24 hours after application by counting dead and live beetles and larvae found on and beneath three plants in each plot (Table 1). Seven days following treatment, beetles observed on 40 feet of row were recorded (Table 2).