bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translation initiation or elongation inhibition triggers contrasting effects on
Caenorhabditis elegans
survival during pathogen infection
Authors: Ghosh Annesha , Singh Jogender
Published: September 2024

Diverse microbial pathogens are known to attenuate host protein synthesis. Consequently, the host mounts a defense response against protein translation inhibition, leading to increased transcript levels of immune genes. The seemingly paradoxical upregulation of immune gene transcripts in response to blocked protein synthesis suggests that the defense mechanism against translation inhibition may not universally benefit host survival. However, a comprehensive assessment of host survival on pathogens upon blockage of different stages of protein synthesis is currently lacking. Here, we investigate the impact of knockdown of various translation initiation and elongation factors on the survival of
Caenorhabditis elegans
exposed to
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Intriguingly, we observe opposing effects on
C. elegans
survival depending on whether translation initiation or elongation is inhibited. While translation initiation inhibition enhances survival, elongation inhibition decreases it. Transcriptomic studies reveal that translation initiation inhibition activates a bZIP transcription factor ZIP-2-dependent innate immune response that protects
C. elegans
from
P. aeruginosa
infection. In contrast, inhibiting translation elongation triggers both ZIP-2-dependent and ZIP-2-independent immune responses that, while effective in clearing the infection, are detrimental to the host. Thus, our findings reveal the opposing roles of translation initiation and elongation inhibition in
C. elegans
survival during
P. aeruginosa
infection, highlighting distinct transcriptional reprogramming that may underlie these differences.

IMPORTANCE

Several microbial pathogens target host protein synthesis machinery, potentially limiting the innate immune responses of the host. In response, hosts trigger a defensive response, elevating immune gene transcripts. This counterintuitive response can have either beneficial or harmful effects on host survival. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the impact of knocking down various translation initiation and elongation factors on the survival of
Caenorhabditis elegans
exposed to
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Intriguingly, inhibiting initiation and elongation factors has contrasting effects on
C. elegans
survival. Inhibiting translation initiation activates immune responses that protect the host from bacterial infection, while inhibiting translation elongation induces aberrant immune responses that, although clear the infection, are detrimental to the host. Our study reveals divergent roles of translation initiation and elongation inhibition in
C. elegans
survival during
P. aeruginosa
infection and identifies differential transcriptional reprogramming that could underlie these differences.
Complete genome sequence of Mycobacteriophage Eaglepride
Authors: Sahi Umar , Kottury Niati G. , Kottury Nirav R. , Kotturi Hari
Published: September 2024

Eaglepride is a mycobacteriophage isolated using
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155. The genome length is 50,926 bp with 89 open reading frames and 1 tRNA gene. Based on gene content similarity to actinobacteriophages, Eaglepride is assigned to phage subcluster A10 and shares the highest nucleotide identity with mycobacteriophage OKCentral2016.
Genome sequence of the New Zealand raw milk isolate and candidate probiotic strain
Lactococcus lactis
FNZ339
Authors: de Almeida Eduardo L. , O’Toole Paul W. , Bassett Shalome A.
Published: September 2024

The complete genome sequence of the candidate probiotic strain
Lactococcus lactis
FNZ339 was determined using a hybrid genome assembly comprising data from Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing platforms. The genome assembly comprised 2,673,297 bp, including the complete circular chromosome and four circular plasmids.
Draft genome of a
Pseudovibrio
sp. isolated from the skeleton of
Pachyseris speciosa
from a Singaporean reef
Authors: Loh Aaron An Rong , Hu Dalong , Law Jabez Mason Yong Jun , Xiong Elton Lim Wen , Deignan Lindsey Kane , Summers Stephen , Pereyra Joao Paulo Andre , Case Rebecca Josephine
Published: September 2024

A
Pseudovibrio
sp. was isolated from the skeleton of the heat resilient coral
Pachyseris speciosa
. Genome analysis revealed the presence of the complete denitrification pathway and potential dimethylsulfoniopropionate metabolism which enhance coral resilience and production of tropodithietic acid, an antibiotic implicated in host defense.
Pneumolysin contributes to dysfunction of nasal epithelial barrier for promotion of pneumococcal dissemination into brain tissue
Authors: Takahara Yuki , Sumitomo Tomoko , Kono Masamitsu , Takemura Moe , Akamatsu Yukako , Hirose Yujiro , Yamaguchi Masaya , Nakata Masanobu , Hotomi Muneki , Kawabata Shigetada
Published: September 2024

Streptococcus pneumoniae
is one of the major pathogens responsible for bacterial meningitis and neurological sequelae. The present study was conducted to identify a non-hematogenous route used by
S. pneumoniae
to gain access to brain tissue without causing bacteremia or pneumonia, as well as bacterial and host factors involved in this process. To investigate the molecular mechanisms and dissemination pathways of pneumococcal infection in brain tissue, mice were intranasally inoculated with
S. pneumoniae
strain EF3030, a clinical isolate from a patient with otitis media. Pneumococci were isolated from the frontal olfactory bulb, caudal cerebrum, and cerebellum, with neither bacteremia nor pneumonia observed in the present model. Immunostaining imaging revealed the presence of
S. pneumoniae
organisms in olfactory nerve fibers. Knockout of the
ply
gene encoding pneumolysin (PLY) markedly compromised the ability of the bacterial organisms to disseminate into brain tissue, whereas the dissemination efficiency of the complemented strain was restored to nearly the same level as the wild type. Notably, distinct upregulation of Gli1 and Snail1, which are involved in the transcriptional repression of junctional proteins, along with downregulation of E-cadherin, was detected in nasal lavage samples from mice infected with the wild-type or complemented strain, but not in those from mice infected with the
ply
mutant. Taken together, the present findings indicate that PLY induces Gli1-Snail1-dependent dysfunction of the nasal epithelial barrier, thus allowing pneumococcal dissemination to brain tissue that occurs in a non-hematogenous manner.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial meningitis, considered to be caused by bacteremia, can lead to blood–brain barrier disruption and bacterial dissemination into the central nervous system. Despite the availability of intravenously administered antibiotics with cerebrospinal fluid transferability, bacterial meningitis remains associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Here, we utilized
Streptococcus pneumoniae
strain EF3030, clinically isolated from otitis media, for the construction of a murine infection model to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which nasally colonized pneumococci disseminate into brain tissue. The obtained findings indicate that pneumolysin (PLY) induces Gli1-Snail1-dependent dysfunction of the nasal epithelial barrier, which facilitates pneumococcal dissemination to brain tissue in a non-hematogenous manner. Our results support the existence of an alternative route by which
S. pneumoniae
can reach the central nervous system and indicate the need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, which would be an important contribution to the clinical management of bacterial meningitis.
Supplemental Material: Seismic evidence of an extremely thin crust along a 70 Ma slow-spreading crustal segment in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Dhabaria Nirmit , Singh Satish C.
Published: September 2024

 A brief description of methods (data processing, inversions, synthetic tests, and thermal modeling) and supplementary Figures S1–S22 and associated references.  
Monostotic femoral Caffey disease masquerading as Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Kumari Madhuri , Prasad Surya Nandan , Meena Anamika , Tekkali Kundhan Pavan Kumar
Published: September 2024

We describe a rare case of monostotic infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey disease) involving the left femur of an infant, who presented with recent onset left thigh swelling, following vaccination. Radiological workup showed a lamellated periosteal reaction involving the left femoral diaphysis on radiographs masquerading as a bone tumour. The child underwent MRI of the left thigh, which showed extensive muscle oedema without any abnormal soft-tissue proliferation, marrow signal alteration, cortical breach or collection. The follow-up radiograph showed exuberant new bone formation in the second week. The patient was given symptomatic treatment and the parents were counselled. The child recovered well with gradual resolution of symptoms and bony remodelling on a 6-month follow-up radiograph. Here, we describe the serial changes on the radiographs in Caffey disease with monostotic involvement and the role of MRI in difficult cases to differentiate it from other common mimickers, such as infections and neoplasia.
Paediatric renal hilar paraganglioma
Authors: Bade Ramyasree , Menon Prema , Mitra Suvradeep
Published: September 2024

Retroperitoneal neuroendocrine tumours are exceptionally rare. The excision of tumours located in the renal hilum near the renal vessels can be challenging. We report a case of a paraganglioma located at the renal hilum which was excised successfully in a child who presented with abdominal pain, breathlessness, left varicocele and hypertension.
A qualitative study which aims to explore the factors influencing the delivery of both theory and practice of contraception and sexual health on pre-registration midwifery programmes in England
Authors: Cousins Claire , Matthews Gillian , Regan Lesley , Mullins Edward
Published: September 2024

Background

Pregnancy offers an opportunity to provide equitable access to contraception information and provision, and professional bodies advocate provision of contraception in the immediate postpartum period. This study examines the contribution of pre-registration midwifery education in preparing student midwives for this aspect of their role.

Method

A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Nine lecturers from pre-registration midwifery programmes representing nine universities in England were interviewed.

Results

There is minimal contraception and sexual health content on pre-registration midwifery programmes; however, specialist lecturers enhance the learning experience. Talking about sex may be difficult, particularly for younger students. Student midwives observe little discussion/provision of contraception in practice and are unlikely to consider it part of a midwife’s role.

Conclusions

A formally assessed national standard of knowledge on pre-registration programmes would be helpful, and this needs to be reflected in practice to become embedded. Institutional investment and commitment to continuous practice development is needed for all midwives. Practice placements in sexual and reproductive health clinics or abortion services may be beneficial to student midwives.
Singlet–doublet Dirac fermion dark matter from Peccei–Quinn symmetry
Authors: Longas Robinson , Rivera Andrés , Suarez David , Ruiz Cristian
Published: September 2024

Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) and axions are arguably the most compelling dark matter (DM) candidates in the literature. Here, we consider a model where the Peccei–Quinn (PQ) symmetry solves the strong CP problem, generates radiatively Dirac neutrino masses and gives origin to a multicomponent dark sector. Specifically, scotogenic Dirac neutrino masses arise at one-loop level. The lightest fermionic mediator acts as the second DM candidate due to a residual [Formula: see text] symmetry resulting from the PQ symmetry breaking. The WIMP DM component resembles the well-known singlet–doublet fermion DM. While the lower WIMP dark mass region is usually excluded, our model reopens that portion of the parameter space (for DM masses below [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV). Therefore, we perform a phenomenological analysis that addresses the constraints from direct searches of DM, neutrino oscillation data and charged lepton flavor violating processes. The model can be tested in future facilities where neutrino telescopes search for DM annihilation into Standard Model particles.
Charged AdS black holes with higher derivative corrections in the presence of string cloud
Authors: Dey Tanay K. , Mukhopadhyay Subir
Published: September 2024

We have obtained charged asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole solutions in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity in the presence of string cloud. It turns out that there exist three black holes in certain range of parameters for small enough chemical potential. However, for large chemical potential, these black holes merge into a single one. The free energy of the black holes is computed from the on-shell Euclidean action by subtracting the contribution of an extremal black hole. We have studied the free energy and specific heat of the solutions, which shows that the medium-sized black hole is unstable. As an application, we have studied the quark–antiquark potential in the dual gauge theory. This study provides necessary ingredients for the study of the dual theories in the context of condensed matter systems.
Hilbert Poincaré series and kernels for products of L-functions
Authors: Zhang Mingkuan , Zhang Yichao
Published: September 2024

We study Hilbert Poincaré series associated to general seed functions and construct Cohen’s kernels and double Eisenstein series as series of Hilbert Poincaré series. Then we calculate the Rankin–Cohen brackets of Hilbert Poincaré series and Hilbert modular forms and extend Zagier’s kernel formula to totally real number fields. Finally, we show that the Rankin–Cohen brackets of two different types of Eisenstein series are special values of double Eisenstein series up to a constant.
E-Ethical-Learning: Principles and guidelines for ethical digital learning in higher education
Authors: Hulus Asegul
Published: September 2024

Within higher education, digital learners are confronted with antiquated classifications of digital natives and immigrants, first introduced by Marc Prensky (2001), which make assumptions about their proficiency in digital literacy. This article provides a code of ethics and practical guidelines for critically examining the assumptions presented. The author has coined the term "e-ethical-learning" to refer to a set of ethical principles and practical guidelines, which is a portmanteau of "ethical education" and "e-learning."
Shape Matters: Understanding the Effect of Electrode Geometry on Cell Resistance and Chemo-Mechanical Stress
Authors: Lin Tiras Y. , Li Hanyu , Brady Nicholas W. , Cross Nicholas R. , Ehlinger Victoria M. , Roy Thomas , Tortorelli Daniel , Orme Christine , Worsley Marcus A. , Bucci Giovanna
Published: September 2024

Rechargeable batteries that incorporate shaped three-dimensional electrodes have been shown to have increased power and energy densities when compared to a conventional geometry, i.e. a planar cathode and anode that sandwich an electrolyte. Electrodes can be shaped to enable a higher active material loading, while keeping ion transport distances small. However, the relationship between electrical and mechanical performance of shaped electrodes remains poorly understood. Many electrode designs have been explored, where the electrodes are individually shaped or intertwined, and advances in manufacturing and shape/topology optimization have made such designs a reality. Here, we explore sinusoidal half cells and interdigitated full cells. First, we use a simple electrostatics model to understand the cell resistance as a function of shape. We focus on low-temperature conditions, where the electrolyte conductivity decreases relative to that of the electrode; here, LiPF6EC:DMC electrolyte and MnO2electrode are considered. Next, we use a chemo-mechanics model to examine the stress that arises due to intercalation-driven volume expansion. We show that shaped electrodes provide a significant reduction in resistance in low-temperature conditions, however, they exhibit unfavorable stress concentrations. Overall, we find that the fully interdigitated electrodes may provide the best balance with respect to this resistance-stress trade-off.
Dynamic Thermal Response of Multiple Parallel Cracks in a Half Plane under General Transient Thermal Loading
Authors: Nourazar Mahsa , Yang Weilin , Chen Zengtao
Published: September 2024

Understanding the dynamic thermal response of materials is crucial for designing effective thermal protection systems, particularly in extreme thermal environments such as transient thermal loading, extremely low/high temperature, etc. This study investigates the dynamic thermal response of a half plane containing multiple parallel cracks under transient thermal loading using a non‐Fourier, hyperbolic heat conduction model. Our findings highlight significant deviations from traditional Fourier models, enhancing the predictive capabilities for designing thermal protection systems in extreme thermal environments. The cracks are modeled as distributions of thermal dislocations, with densities determined through Fourier and Laplace transforms. By solving the resulting singular integral equations, we calculate the temperature gradient intensity factors across multiple scenarios. Additionally, we examine the effects of thermal relaxation time, loading parameters, and crack spacing on the thermal intensity factors, both in transient and steady‐state conditions. This research confirms the robustness of the hyperbolic model and its practical implications for thermal analysis in engineering applications.
The Double‐Logarithmic Regularity Criterion of Pressure for the 3D Navier–Stokes Equations in the Besov Space
Authors: Liu Min , Song Juan , Li Tian-Li
Published: September 2024

In the paper, we consider the regularity of the weak solutions for the incompressible 3D Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations. Our main result is the double‐logarithmic regularity criterion of pressure for the 3D Navier–Stokes equations in the Besov space. Our results extend and generalize previous works.
In Silico Design of a Trans‐Amplifying RNA‐Based Vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2 Structural Proteins
Authors: Nafian Fatemeh , Soleymani Ghazal , Pourmanouchehri Zahra , Kiyanjam Mahnaz , Nafian Simin , Mohammadi Sayed Mohammad , Jeyroudi Hanie , Berenji Jalaei Sharareh , Sabzpoushan Fatemeh
Published: September 2024

Nucleic acid‐based vaccines allow scalable, rapid, and cell‐free vaccine production in response to an emerging disease such as the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Here, we objected to the design of a multiepitope mRNA vaccine against the structural proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2. Through an immunoinformatic approach, promising epitopes were predicted for the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. Fragments rich in overlapping epitopes were selected based on binding affinities with HLA classes I and II for the specific presentation to B and T lymphocytes. Two constructs were designed by fusing the fragments in different arrangements via GG linkers. Construct 1 showed better structural properties and interactions with toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR‐2), TLR‐3, and TLR‐4 during molecular docking and dynamic simulation. A 50S ribosomal L7/L12 adjuvant was added to its N‐terminus to improve stability and immunogenicity. The final RNA sequence was used to design a trans‐amplifying RNA (taRNA) vaccine in a split‐vector system. It consists of two molecules: a nonreplicating RNA encoding a trans‐acting replicase to amplify the second one, a trans‐replicon (TR) RNA encoding the vaccine protein. Overall, the immune response simulation detected that activated B and T lymphocytes and increased memory cell formation. Macrophages and dendritic cells proliferated continuously, and IFN‐γ and cytokines like IL‐2 were released highly.
Enhancing Lithium‐Ion Battery Performance with Ni1−xFexS‐Biocarbon Composites: Improving Cycle Stability and Rate Capability through Multilayered Biocarbon Nanosheet Formation and Fe Doping
Authors: Yang Yun Jin , Shin Soo-Jeong , Yoo Ho Jin , Kim Eun Mi , Jeong Sang Mun
Published: September 2024

Given the growing demand for high‐performance, stable, eco‐friendly, and cheap lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the development of affordable and environmentally friendly high‐performance anode materials for LIBs has garnered considerable attention. Herein, to address this need, NiS (known for its high theoretical capacity) was grown on a porous biocarbon (BC) matrix to afford a highly conductive LIB anode material capable of accommodating the charge/discharge‐induced volume changes and thus ensuring cycle stability. The cycling performance of this material (NiS–BC) was further enhanced by doping with Fe. The best‐performing (Ni0.8Fe0.2S–BC) anode demonstrated an initial discharge capacity of 1,374.4 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, which further increased to 1,796.4 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles, and the origins of this high performance were probed by instrumental analysis. The results contribute to the development of next‐generation LIBs for applications requiring high capacity, high output, and long‐term cycle stability, such as electronic devices, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. Moreover, the use of BC aligns with a prominent trend in modern battery research, namely, the development of secondary batteries simultaneously exhibiting high performance and sustainability.
Determinants of First‐Line Nurse Managers’ Span of Control: A Delphi Study
Authors: Boned-Galán Ángel , López-Ibort Nieves , Gil-Lacruz Ana I. , Gascón-Catalán Ana
Published: September 2024

Aims: The main goal of this research is to identify, through expert consensus, the key factors that determine the span of control (SOC) of first‐line nurse managers (FLNMs) in the Spanish healthcare system.

Background: The SOC is a management concept which has usually been defined as the number of subordinates reporting to a superior. In nursing, however, it is much more complex. This complexity is shaped by various factors related to patients, healthcare professionals and organisational structures. Nursing leaders must thoroughly consider these factors and their determinants, which necessitate a comprehensive assessment. Given the significant impact an inadequate SOC can have on patients, professionals and the organisation, it would be beneficial to address this issue. In nursing, studies on this subject are practically nonexistent and focus solely on the number of subordinates, highlighting the need for research in this area.

Methods: Between September and December 2022, a Delphi study was conducted. Forty‐five experts were invited to participate. The study involved nurse administrators, FLNMs, university professors, renowned researchers and other non–health professionals related to health management. The participants completed an online survey over three phases. Factor analysis was performed on the items for which consensus was reached. The jamovi software version 2.3.15 was used for data analysis.

Results: A total of 35 experts participated in at least one of the three phases of the Delphi study. Following a comprehensive analysis of the identified factors, a consensus was reached on 31 of them. These were subsequently grouped into four categories: unit category (16 items, including complexity, resource management, conflicts and protocolisation and monitoring of activities), professional category (five items: number of staff, staffing stability and skill level and diversity of staff), FLNM category (four items: autonomy, experience and education and leadership style) and organisation category (six items: digitisation and information systems, education, research and implementation evidence‐based practice and performing guards).

Conclusions: Our research shows a high degree of consensus amongst participants in identifying the determinants and degree of relevance of SOC‐related aspects. Although SOC is not currently assessed, all stakeholders agree that there are a large number of variables that should be considered when appointing a FLNM.

Implications for Nurse Managers: Nursing managers can better assess the health of the organisation and improve performance by understanding the factors that influence the SOC of FLNMs. Due to the lack of previous studies, understanding these factors will allow the development of methods and tools tailored to the characteristics of different health systems.
Peanut Oil Cake Biomass‐Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon by Dual Step Activation as Potential Electrodes for Fabrication of Prototype Symmetric Supercapacitor Device
Authors: Ratnaji T. , Kennedy L. John , Vijaya J. Judith
Published: September 2024

Peanut oil cake biomass is a major by‐product of oil industry and can be a suitable precursor for the production of biomass‐based porous carbon. Herein, dual‐stage activation, physical activation at 400°C, and chemical activation using KOH between 600 and 900°C are adopted to prepare hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) from peanut oil cake biomass for use as electrode material in electrochemical supercapacitors. The textural and structural properties of the HPC were evaluated by N2‐adsorption/desorption, X‐ray diffraction, Raman, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The prepared HPC inherited sufficient micropores and mesopores distribution with a maximum BET surface area of 640 m2/g. The electrochemical properties of the HPC electrodes were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis. Among different HPC electrodes prepared, the carbon prepared at 800°C (HPC‐P8) electrode material exhibited a high specific capacitance of 187 F/g at 0.5 A/g in 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte in three‐electrode systems. Symmetric supercapacitors were also fabricated using HPC‐P8//HPC‐P8 as positive and negative electrodes using 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte, in a two‐electrode cell configuration via split cell method. Maximum specific capacitance of 30 F/g was achieved with superior cycle stability of 93.8% capacitance retention over 5,000 cycles for the symmetric device. The device operated at a wide potential window (0–2.0 V) resulted in appreciable specific energy and power density of 15.89 Wh/kg and 493 W/kg, respectively. HPC‐P8 had an ion diffusion coefficient of 7.79 × 10−8 cm2/s which is higher than the other prepared carbon samples. The symmetric device showed relatively high charge storage capacity and cyclic stability without any material degradation. The fabricated prototype portable supercapacitor module was tested for red LED glow with maximum intensity brightness up to 4 min. Thus, the present study reveals that HPC derived from peanut oil cake biomass can behave as a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications.
Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention System Using Hybrid Machine Learning with Supervised Ensemble Stacking Model
Authors: Mills Godfrey A. , Acquah Daniel K. , Sowah Robert A.
Published: September 2024

Network intrusion detection systems play a critical role in protecting a variety of services ranging from economic through social to commerce. However, the growing level and sophistication of malicious attacks launched on networks in the current technological landscape have necessitated the need for advanced and robust detection mechanisms to mitigate against security breaches of confidentiality, integrity, and denial‐of‐service. In this paper, we present a hybrid intrusion detection system that combines supervised and unsupervised learning models through an ensemble stacking model to increase the detection accuracy rates of attacks in networks while minimising false alarms. Three machine learning algorithms comprising a multilayer perceptron neural network, a modified self‐organizing map, and a decision tree were used for the detection framework. The intrusion detection system was trained and evaluated on benchmark datasets: NSL‐KDD and CIC‐DDoS2019. The intrusion detection system was implemented as a Java solution and the detection performance was evaluated. A 10‐fold cross‐validation performance was also performed to validate how well the detection system predicts unknown attacks for prevention. The results of the tests revealed a detection accuracy of 99.84% of the instances in the NLS‐KDD dataset with a true positive rate of 99.8% and a false positive rate of 0.10% while a detection accuracy of 99.90% was achieved with the CIC‐DDoS2019 dataset. Furthermore, the detection system was effective in distinguishing attack traffic from normal traffic in the NSL‐KDD dataset and was able to adequately detect DOS, Probe, and R2L attacks with F1 scores of 100%, 99.6%, and 95.1%, respectively, which are significantly impressive. However, the detection of less frequency attack types such as U2R attacks was quite low with an F1 score of 62.5%. The detection performance of the proposed hybrid intrusion detection system suggests that it can be deployed in network security applications to detect packets that exhibit suspicious behaviour or indicate potential threats and respond appropriately to attacks. Implementing the detection framework as a Java solution makes it possible to deploy it across various operating system platforms without any impact on the detection performance.
Modeling the Social Influence Effectiveness of Popular Weibo Events
Authors: Lin Haoyang , Zhang Zhiyuan
Published: September 2024

Social networks are important for people to obtain information, make comments, and exchange opinions. The public opinion generated in social networks has a great impact on public life and value guidance, and the effect of public opinion is worth paying attention to and analyzing. Research on the influence of hot events can help us better understand the public attention and response to an event, and help industries and social organizations to judge market trends and predict future development direction. Social phenomena and trends reflected by hot events can be used as basic data and research objects for scientific research to promote the development and progress of the discipline. Aiming at social events in social networks, this paper analyzes the relevant user behavior data such as retweets, comments, likes, topic characteristics such as event duration, and other key characteristics and proposes an influence effectiveness analysis model for events, referred to as the caloric value model. This model is based on factors such as user interactivity, event activity, duration of the event, freshness of events,media attention, and the event heat decay ratio. It evaluates event heat, calculates the influence of events, identifies hot events with a high level of discussion, selects these hot events, and validates the findings through experiments. The model proposed in this paper has a good effect on the rationality and feasibility of heat evaluation.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Adaptability Zoning for Shallow Geothermal Energy Development and Utilization: Case of Nantong City, East Coast of China
Authors: He Liang , Yang Liwen , Lei Shaohua , Xu Chenfang , Chen Ling
Published: September 2024

The development of green energy sources, such as shallow geothermal energy, is one of the most important measures to reduce the environmental pollution caused by the use of traditional energy sources. At present, coastal cities in the east of the Yangtze River Delta, China, have favorable conditions for the development of shallow geothermal energy because of their abundant geothermal resources. However, the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy are still in their infancy, and adaptability zoning is yet to be fully carried out. The study area is Nantong City, which is in the eastern coast of the Yangtze River Delta. A comprehensive analysis of the conditions of shallow geothermal energy is carried out based on the analysis of the regional geological, hydrogeological, and environmental geological conditions. The adaptability zoning index system of the groundwater source heat pump and buried pipe ground source heat pump system is then constructed, and the weight of evaluation factors is determined according to analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the adaptability zoning of shallow geothermal energy development and utilization mode is obtained by using the spatial analysis function of geographic information. The results showed that the areas with good suitability and better suitability account for 98.24% of the study area and those with good economy and better economy account for 99.67% of the study area. This method can provide reference suggestions for the orderly development and sustainable utilization of shallow geothermal energy in coastal cities in plain areas.
Brain Metastasis in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Bustamante Eduarda , Casas Fresia , Luque Renato , Piedra Luis , Barros-Sevillano Shamir , Chambergo-Michilot Diego , Torres-Roman J. Smith , Narvaez-Rojas Alexis , Morante Zaida , Enriquez-Vera Daniel , Desai Anshumi , Razuri Cesar , De la Cruz-Ku Gabriel , Araujo Jhajaira
Published: September 2024

Background. Breast cancer is an important cause of cancer‐related death in women worldwide and represents the second most frequent cause of brain metastases after lung cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and outcomes of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with brain metastasis (BM). Methods. We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of patients diagnosed with TNBC at the “Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas” (period 2000–2014) to evaluate patients who developed BM. Survival rates were assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method, and prognostic factors were identified with the Cox regression analysis. Results. Of a total of 2007 TNBC patients, 193 (9.62%) developed BM. Of these, 169 stages I–III patients with a median age of 45 years (range:21–78) were included. The stage in this cohort was 4 (2.4%) clinical stage (CS) I, 23 (13.6%) with CS II and 142 (84.0%) with CS III. Most of these patients presented ECOG ≥2 (68.6%). The most common symptom was headache (74.0%), followed by nausea‐vomiting (46.7%). Imaging showed that 80 patients (53.0%) had ≥1 metastatic brain lesion. Regarding the treatment of BM in this cohort, 132 patients (84.6%) received radiotherapy (RT), 2 (1.5%) surgery, and 6 (4.5%) surgery plus RT. The overall survival (OS) rate of BM was 59.8%, 37.3%, and 15.0% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. A multivariate analysis showed RT to be the only factor with a positive impact on the OS of BM (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.30‐0.77, and p = 0.002), while ECOG ≥2 was associated with a worse OS (HR = 1.69, 95%CI:1.15–2.48, and p = 0.007). Conclusion. Despite the poor prognosis of TNBC patients who develop BM, RT showed a benefit in OS rates, while ECOG ≥2 was the only prognostic factor associated with a worse OS. These results may be useful for multidisciplinary teams for treatment planning in patients with TNBC and BM.
Potential Nephroprotective Effect of Kaempferol: Biosynthesis, Mechanisms of Action, and Clinical Prospects
Authors: Alkandahri Maulana Yusuf , Sadino Asman , Pamungkas Barolym Tri , Oktoba Zulpakor , Arfania Maya , Yuniarsih Nia , Wahyuningsih Eko Sri , Dewi Yuliani , Winarti Sri Ayu , Dinita Sri Tantia
Published: September 2024

Kidney is an essential organ that is highly susceptible to cellular injury caused by various toxic substances in the blood. Several studies have shown that untreated injuries to this organ can cause glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and tubular cell apoptosis, leading to kidney failure. Despite significant advancements in modern treatment, there is no fully effective drug for repairing its function, providing complete protection, and assisting in cell regeneration. Furthermore, some available medications have been reported to exacerbate injuries, showing the need to explore alternative treatments. Natural drugs are currently being explored as a new therapeutic strategy for managing kidney diseases. Kaempferol, a polyphenol found in plants, including vegetables, legumes, and fruits, has been extensively studied in various nephrotoxicity protocols. The compound has been reported to have potential as a nephroprotective agent with beneficial effects on various physiological pathways, such as CPL‐induced kidney injury, DOX, LPO, ROS, RCC, and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, this study aims to provide a brief overview of the current nephroprotective effects of kaempferol, as well as its molecular mechanisms of action, biosynthesis pathways, and clinical prospects.
¿Preguntan los profesionales de salud sobre consumo de alcohol? Resultados de Encuesta Nacional Chile 2017
Authors: Duran Santa Cruz Josefina , Niemann Concha Paula , Metcalfe Torres Valentina , Passi Solar Alvaro , Margozzini Maira Paula
Published: September 2024

Antecedentes y objetivos: La carga de enfermedad y los costos asociados al consumo de alcohol son un problema de salud pública. Formas eficaces de combatir este problema son la detección individual y la consejería breve. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar y describir la cobertura nacional de consulta sobre consumo de alcohol (CCA) dirigida por profesionales de salud en Chile.   Métodos: Se incluyó una muestra nacional aleatoria de 5240 participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile 2017. Las estimaciones fueron ponderadas según diferencias en la probabilidad de selección y las tasas de falta de respuesta. Se realizaron regresiones logísticas univariadas por edad, sexo, zona y región, ajustadas por confundentes.   Resultados: La prevalencia nacional de CCA fue de 30 % (IC 95 %: 27,8-32,5), 31,6 % (IC 95 %: 28,1-35,3) y 28,8 % (IC 95%: 25,7-31,9) para hombres y mujeres respectivamente. La prevalencia más baja fue en participantes de 15 a 24 años (25,1%, IC 95%: 19,8-31,1) y la más alta (33%, IC 95%: 29,5-37,3) en la población de 45 a 64 años. En los modelos de regresión, la edad (OR: 1,06, IC 95% 1,00-1,11, por diez años de aumento en la edad) y el uso de drogas hepatotóxicas (OR: 1,45, IC 95%: 1,10-1,90), fueron las únicas variables que se asociaron significativamente con mayor CCA.  Conclusión: Este estudio encontró bajos porcentajes de CCA en Chile. Hace falta estudiar a mayor profundidad esta problemática para la mejoría o generación de nuevas políticas.
Cuidados perdidos de enfermería. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Inostroza Cisternas Valentina Pamela , Cabello Montero Nancy Andrea , Guijuelos Lefenda Yordana Danae
Published: September 2024

Introducción: la enfermería, como ciencia y disciplina, se enfrenta al desafío de los cuidados perdidos y omisiones que afectan la seguridad y calidad de la atención.
Objetivo: analizar las evidencias científicas relacionadas con los cuidados perdidos en enfermería, destacando su impacto en la seguridad y calidad asistencial.
Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos entre 2018 y 2023, con diseño descriptivo, siguiendo el flujograma PRISMA. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre septiembre y diciembre de 2023, recopilando artículos de revistas indexadas de acceso abierto en; Scielo, Redalyc, PubMed, Wos, Scopus y CINAHL, relacionados con los cuidados perdidos en enfermería. Se aplicaron criterios de selección y exclusión, eligiendo artículos originales cualitativos y cuantitativos con una vigencia máxima de 6 años. La revisión se centró en literatura en inglés, español y portugués. Se respetaron rigurosamente las normas éticas, garantizando la confidencialidad y tratando éticamente la información sensible.
Resultados: se incluyeron 7 artículos, los que revelaron disparidades en el cuidado perdido entre hospitales públicos y privados, resaltando la brecha en recursos, además de enfatizar en la relación entre el cuidado perdido y el agotamiento profesional, omisiones en cuidados básicos de enfermería como el lavado de manos, junto con la importancia del proceso de atención en la práctica de enfermería, tal como se discutió en los documentos revisados.
Conclusiones: estrategias como la humanización de la atención, desarrollo de planes ante escasez de recursos y mantener una adecuada relación enfermero-paciente, son esenciales para enfrentar el problema que representan los cuidados perdidos.
Alta satisfacción en pacientes con dolor de cadera en atención conjunta con enfermera de práctica avanzada en un centro ambulatorio docente asistencial
Authors: Leyan Castillo Sandra , Klaber Rosenberg Ianiv , Vidal Olate Catalina , Carmona Castillo Maximiliano , Correa Duque Magdalena , Lira Salas María-Jesús
Published: September 2024

Introducción: En Chile, la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada (EPA) es un rol emergente. El propósito del estudio es comparar la satisfacción de los pacientes atendidos por una EPA en conjunto con un traumatólogo subespecialista de cadera, con pacientes atendidos en la consulta estándar del traumatólogo de cadera.
Material y método: Estudio piloto cuasi-experimental. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años que consultaron en un centro ambulatorio docente-asistencial entre los años 2020-2023. Se evaluaron dos grupos, en el grupo experimental la modalidad de atención fue mixta (EPA y un traumatólogo subespecialista de cadera) y en el control los pacientes recibieron atención estándar de un traumatólogo subespecialista de cadera. Se evaluó satisfacción mediante una encuesta de diez preguntas (escala numérica continua de 0 a 100). El instrumento midió la calidad de la atención, diagnóstico y tratamiento, si el paciente volvería a ser tratado bajo esta modalidad de atención y si lo recomendaría a otras personas. Se utilizó las prueba de chi-cuadrado y Mann-Whitney.
Resultados: Se evaluaron 108 pacientes. El 49% de los pacientes fueron asignados al grupo de intervención (n=53). La mediana del puntaje de satisfacción total fue de 96,5 puntos (rango 79-100), sin diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos (p 0,26). No se observaron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de satisfacción en ninguna de las diez preguntas.
Conclusión: No hubo diferencias en los puntajes de satisfacción entre ambas modalidades de atención. Esta es la primera experiencia reportada en Chile sobre la atención otorgada por una enfermera de práctica avanzada, en ortopedia.
Tobacco Biomarkers by Latino Heritage and Race, US, 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Duong Chelsea , Rodriquez Erik J. , Hinerman Amanda S. , Hooshmand Somy , Claudel Sophie E. , Benowitz Neal L. , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Tobacco biomarkers reflect smoking intensity and are used to assess cessation status. No study has evaluated variation by Latino heritage.

Methods:

Data from the 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to evaluate geometric mean concentrations of serum cotinine and urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), stratified by smoking status and race and ethnicity, and ROC curves estimated values to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers by race and ethnicity and Latino heritage.

Results:

The sample (n = 18,597) was 50.1% female, 16.6% Latino (58.6% Mexican, 10.4% Central American, 9.1% South American, 7.3% Puerto Rican, 3.5% Dominican, 2.7% Cuban, and 8.4% other Latinos, overall), 12.7% Black, and 70.7% White. Black nonsmokers and smokers had the highest cotinine concentrations (0.1 and 177.1 ng/mL), and among nonsmokers, Black individuals had the highest NNAL concentrations (1.4 pg/mL). Latino smokers had the lowest cotinine (32.7 ng/mL) and NNAL (63.9 pg/mL) concentrations. Among Latino smokers, Puerto Rican individuals had higher concentrations of cotinine (100.0 ng/mL) and NNAL (136.4 pg/mL). Cotinine levels defining smoking (Black: 9.1 ng/mL; Latino: 0.9 ng/mL; White: 3.8 ng/mL) and NNAL (Black: 24.1 pg/mL; Latino: 5.7 pg/mL; White: 15.5 pg/mL) varied. Puerto Rican adults (cotinine: 8.5 ng/mL; NNAL: 17.2 pg/mL) had higher levels than Central American (cotinine: 1.0 ng/mL, NNAL: 5.5 pg/mL) and Mexican (cotinine: 0.9 ng/mL, NNAL: 6.0 pg/mL) adults.

Conclusions:

Cotinine and NNAL concentrations that define smoking differed by race and ethnicity and by heritage among Latinos, showing meaningful differences.

Impact:

Cessation interventions with biomarker validation need to consider Latino heritage.
Figure S2 from Long-Lasting Response to Lorlatinib in Patients with ALK-Driven Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma Monitored with Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis
Authors: Ek Torben , Ibrahim Raghda R. , Vogt Hartmut , Georgantzi Kleopatra , Träger Catarina , Gaarder Jennie , Djos Anna , Rahmqvist Ida , Mellström Elisabeth , Pujol-Calderón Fani , Vannas Christoffer , Hansson Lina , Fagman Henrik , Treis Diana , Fransson Susanne , Österlund Tobias , Chuang Tzu-Po , Verhoeven Bronte Manouk , Ståhlberg Anders , Palmer Ruth H. , Hallberg Bengt , Martinsson Tommy , Kogner Per , Dalin Martin
Published: September 2024

Genomic profiles of tumor DNA generated by SNP microarray
Prostate Cancer Progression Modeling Provides Insight into Dynamic Molecular Changes Associated with Progressive Disease States
Authors: Chen Runpu , Tang Li , Melendy Thomas , Yang Le , Goodison Steve , Sun Yijun
Published: September 2024

Prostate cancer is a significant health concern and the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Understanding the complex process of prostate tumor evolution and progression is crucial for improved diagnosis, treatments, and patient outcomes. Previous studies have focused on unraveling the dynamics of prostate cancer evolution using phylogenetic or lineage analysis approaches. However, those approaches have limitations in capturing the complete disease process or incorporating genomic and transcriptomic variations comprehensively. In this study, we applied a novel computational approach to derive a prostate cancer progression model using multidimensional data from 497 prostate tumor samples and 52 tumor-adjacent normal samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas study. The model was validated using data from an independent cohort of 545 primary tumor samples. By integrating transcriptomic and genomic data, our model provides a comprehensive view of prostate tumor progression, identifies crucial signaling pathways and genetic events, and uncovers distinct transcription signatures associated with disease progression. Our findings have significant implications for cancer research and hold promise for guiding personalized treatment strategies in prostate cancer.

Significance:

We developed and validated a progression model of prostate cancer using >1,000 tumor and normal tissue samples. The model provided a comprehensive view of prostate tumor evolution and progression.