bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prospective study for evaluating the effect of gastric targeted biopsy sampling with I‐scan optical enhancement on the diagnostic yield of CLOtest for Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Dawod Hosam Mohamed
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim of the Work

Helicobacter pylorigastritis can cause serious adverse effects in the short and long term. I‐scan optical enhancement (OE) has a potential role to distinguish areas of infected mucosa and allow for targeted biopsy. It improves visual contrast and mucosal pattern characterization. The work aims to determine if the diagnostic yield of the CLOtest could be improved by using endoscopic I‐scan OE technology for targeted gastric biopsy sampling.

Patients and Methods

A prospective study recruited 112 adult patients with active H. pylori infection diagnosed by C13 UBT at Nizwa General Hospital from March 2021 to January 2022. The patients underwent a careful examination by nonmagnifying upper endoscopy and I‐scan OE 3 moods, then randomly allocated into two groups. Group A: nontargeted double biopsies from the antrum and mid corpus. Group B: I‐scan OE‐directed targeted biopsy from abnormal mucosal patterns. The biopsy specimens were inoculated into CLOtest kits; the reading time of the positive results was at 1, 4, and 24 h.

Results

Group B had a 92.8% positive CLOtest compared to 89.3% in group A (p = 0.501). One‐hour CLOtest was positive in 78.5% of the patients in group B compared to 60.7% in group A (p = 0.047), while group A had a significantly more positive CLOtest at 24 h.

Conclusion

Sampling a targeted gastric biopsy with the aid of I‐scan ‐OE for CLOtest significantly hastens the positive reading time with high sensitivity.
The relationship between cleaning product exposure and respiratory and skin symptoms among healthcare workers in a hospital setting: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dang Kelly T. L. , Garrido Ameth N. , Prasad Shivonne , Afanasyeva Marina , Lipszyc Joshua C. , Orchanian‐Cheff Ani , Tarlo Susan M.
Published: April 2022

Background and Aims

Several studies from multiple work settings have reported an increase in asthma and asthma‐like respiratory symptoms in workers exposed to cleaning or disinfecting agents. Hospital workers perform many cleaning and disinfecting activities and may be vulnerable to respiratory and skin symptoms caused by these agents. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to quantify the risk of asthma and asthma‐like symptoms in hospital workers exposed to cleaning/disinfecting agents. A secondary aim is to assess associated risks of skin symptoms in those studies.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CDSR, CENTRAL, CINAHL databases, and references of relevant review articles were searched. NHLBI quality assessment tools were used to assess the quality of the included studies. A total of 2550 articles were retrieved and 34 studies met criteria to be included. The software R version 4.0.5 was used to perform the meta‐analysis. The random‐effects model was used to pool the results due to within‐studies heterogeneity.

Results

Meta‐analysis of 10 studies evaluating the association between occupational cleaning exposures and asthma demonstrated a 35% increased risk in exposed hospital workers (meta‐RR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.09–1.68). The risk of asthma increased when workers were exposed to bleach compared with nonexposed workers (meta‐RR = 1.51, 95% CI: 0.54–4.18), but was not statistically significant. Two studies investigated the relationship between respiratory and skin symptoms and produced mixed results.

Conclusions

The results suggest a need for preventive practices to reduce the risk of asthma and asthma‐like symptoms in hospital workers exposed to occupational cleaning/disinfecting agents. Trial registration number: CRD42020137804.
Melatonin is effective in attenuating cisplatin‐induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Bayraktar U. Arda , Arıhan Okan , Atalay Özbeyen , Gök Müslüm , Çiçek Çiğdem , Bodur Ebru , Tuncer Meltem
Published: April 2022

Cisplatin (Cis) is a chemotherapeutic agent that has many side effects. Neurotoxicity is one of the most important of these side effects. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are the best‐known mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurotoxicity development. In this study, we aimed to determine whether melatonin (Mel), with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects, is effective in preventing Cis‐induced neurotoxicity. Forty‐eight male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 8) as follows: control (0.9% NaCl), vehicle (5% ethanol), Cis (6 mg/kg), Cis (6 mg/kg) + vehicle (5% ethanol), Mel (20 mg/kg), and Cis (6 mg/kg) + Mel (20 mg/kg) groups. Cis was administered as a single dose on the 3rd day of the experiment while Mel was given for 5 days. All administrations were performed via intraperitoneal injection. After injections, T‐maze, rotarod, and hot plate tests were performed to evaluate cognitive, motor, and sensory functions, respectively. Following sacrification oxidative stress markers, cholinergic function, and proinflammatory cytokines were studied from brain homogenates. Cis impaired cognitive function and motor performance in the Cis and Cis+Vehicle groups. The drug also increased oxidative stress in the brain. Mel significantly improved brain oxidant/antioxidant status and also decreased the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines (superoxide dismutase activities in Cis+Vehicle and Cis+Mel groups: 104.55 ± 9.50 µU/mg protein vs. 150.13 ± 4.70 µU/mg protein, respectively, p < 0.05; tumor necrosis factor‐α levels in Cis and Cis+Mel groups: 40 pg/ml vs. 20 pg/ml, respectively, p < 0.05). It seems that Mel can improve Cis neurotoxicity. For a more firm conclusion, further studies using Mel at different doses with larger groups should be performed.
Activation of cell adhesion molecules and Snail during epithelial to mesenchymal transition prior to formation of the regenerative tail blastema in lizards
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo
Published: April 2022

After few days from tail amputation in lizards the stump is covered with mesenchymal cells accumulated underneath a wound epidermis and forms a regenerative blastema. During migration, some keratinocytes transit from a compact epidermis into relatively free keratinocytes in a process of “epithelial to mesenchymal transition” (EMT). EMT is also induced after damaging the regenerating epidermis by cauterization, whereas keratinocytes detach and migrate as mesenchymal‐like cells among the superficial blastema cells and reconstruct a wound epidermis after about a week from the damage. In normal amputation or after cauterization, no malignant transformation is observed during the transition and migration of keratinocytes. Immunolabeling for markers of EMT confirms the histological description and shows a unique pattern of expression forl‐CAM (E‐cadherin), N‐CAM, and SNAIL‐1 and ‐2 (SLUG). These proteins are present in the cytoplasm and nuclei of migrating keratinocytes. It is hypothesized that the nuclear labeling for E‐cadherin coupled to cytoplasmic SNAIL‐labeling is somehow related to an initially regulated EMT. After the migrating keratinocytes have reached confluence over the stump, they reverse into a “mesenchymal to epithelial transition” (MET) forming the wound epidermis. The basal layers of the apical wound epidermis of the blastema show some nuclear E‐cadherin labeling, while the tail regenerates. It is hypothesized that, together with other tumor suppressors proteins, the apical epidermis and mesenchyme are kept under a tight proliferative control, while in proximal regions the prevalent effect of tumor suppressors determine the differentiation of the new tail tissues.
Cultural adaptations for disaster response for children in Puerto Rico after Hurricane María
Authors: Baggerly Jennifer , Ceballos Peggy , Rodríguez Mónica , Reyes Ana G.
Published: April 2022

Adaptations for specific cultural populations are needed to respond to children affected by natural disasters. After Hurricane María, we provided disaster response training to mental health professionals and Disaster Response Play Therapy services to children in Puerto Rico. In this article, we describe culturally specific, field‐tested preparation and procedures to promote Puerto Rican children's mental health after disasters. We recommend cultural adaptations for training mental health professionals and providing children's disaster response in Puerto Rico.
Dynamics of influenza‐like illness under urbanization procedure and COVID‐19 pandemic in the subcenter of Beijing during 2013–2021
Authors: Wang Chao , Yang Yan‐Na , Xi Lu , Yang Li‐Li , Du Juan , Zhang Zhong‐Song , Lian Xin‐Yao , Cui Yan , Li Hong‐Jun , Zhang Wan‐Xue , Liu Bei , Cui Fuqiang , Lu Qing‐Bin
Published: April 2022

Influenza‐like illness (ILI) varies in intensity year by year, generally keeping a stable pattern except for great changes of its epidemic pattern. Of the most impacting factors, urbanization has been suggested as shaping the intensity of influenza epidemics. Besides, growing evidence indicates the nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 offer great advantages in controlling infectious diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of urbanization and NPIs on the dynamic of ILI in Tongzhou, Beijing, during January 2013 to March 2021. ILI epidemiological surveillance data in Tongzhou district were obtained from Beijing Influenza Surveillance Network and separated into three periods of urbanization and four intervals of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Standardized average incidence rates of ILI in each separate stages were calculated and compared by using Wilson method and time series model of seasonal ARIMA. Influenza seasonal outbreaks showed similar epidemic size and intensity before urbanization during 2013–2016. Increased ILI activity was found during the process of Tongzhou's urbanization during 2017–2019, with the rate difference of 2.48 (95% confidence interva [CI]: 2.44, 2.52) and the rate ratio of 1.75 (95% CI: 1.74, 1.76) of ILI incidence between preurbanization and urbanization periods. ILI activity abruptly decreased from the beginning of 2020 and kept at the bottom level almost in every epidemic interval. The top decrease in ILI activity by NPIs was shown in 5–14 years group in 2020–2021 influenza season, as 92.2% (95% CI: 78.3%, 95.2%). The results indicated that both urbanization and NPIs interrupted the epidemic pattern of ILI. We should pay more attention to public health when facing increasing population density, human contact, population mobility, and migration in the process of urbanization. NPIs and influenza vaccination should be implemented as necessary measures to protect people from common infectious diseases like ILI.
Single‐center experience on progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) cases, neuroimaging relevance, and management at West Virginia University (WVU)
Authors: Yu Hongxuyang , Wu Hongyan , R Subapriya , Kaur Arshdeep , Pasham Shreya R. , Upadhaya Roshma , Sriwastava Shitiz
Published: April 2022

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an increasingly common and rapidly fatal demyelinating infection of central nervous system caused by the highly prevalent John Cunningham (JC) virus in immunocompromised individuals belonging to all age groups and genders. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the most common predisposing factor among other immunodeficient conditions leading to reactivation and multiple neurological symptoms. It has varied findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diagnosis is confirmed by positive JC virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We report 12 confirmed cases of PML from a single academic center. We comprehensively described clinical presentations, risk factors, CSF and neuroimaging findings, treatment and outcome for these cases of PML, a rare disease. The cases were almost equivalently distributed among young and old age groups and both genders. Positive JC virus on CSF was present in the majority of cases along with mild to severe reduction in lymphocyte counts. Significant MRI changes were present in all cases ranging from T2 hypertense signals to white matter lesions in various regions. Treatment with the reversion of immune‐modulators, optimization of antiviral therapy (ART), plasmapheresis (PLEX), IVIG, Mirtazapine, oral steroids, and others was started as soon as the diagnosis was made in the majority of the cases. However, PML is a rapidly fatal illness and hence, survival was only seen in 4 cases in our study. The objective of this article is to highlight the importance of early diagnosis of PML with CSF findings and neuroimaging, early reversion of immunosuppressive medications, and careful monitoring and treatment of HIV cases with goals to reduce mortality, long‐term morbidity, and deficits.
Evaluation of sex differences in rodent anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Liu Yake , Rodeo Scott A. , Deng Xiang‐Hua , Song Zhe , Chen Daoyun , Casey Ellen
Published: April 2022

The relative contributions of sex differences in anatomy, biomechanics, and hormones to the increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in female athletes remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate sex differences in anatomy and biomechanics of the native and reconstructed ACL using our established murine model. A total of 140 12‐week‐old wild‐type C57Bl/6 (70 male vs. 70 female) mice were used for this study. ACL reconstruction was performed on 120 mice who were split into four groups: Group 1 (30 males sacrificed at 14 days), Group 2 (30 females sacrificed at 14 days), Group 3 (30 males sacrificed at 28 days), and Group 4 (30 females sacrificed at 28 days). Tendon graft‐to‐bone healing was assessed by biomechanical, histological, and micro‐CT analysis. Twenty mice were used for baseline testing. Females showed significantly higher anterior (p < 0.05) and total displacement (p < 0.05). Males demonstrated a significantly higher load‐to‐failure force of native ACLs compared to females (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in load‐to‐failure force in the ACL autograft. There were no significant sex differences in histological analysis of graft integration or tibial slope. The increased knee laxity and reduced load‐to‐failure of the native ACL observed in the female mice are consistent with some of the proposed risk factors driving the increased risk of ACL injury in females. Understanding the relative contributions of factors driving sex differences in material properties of the ACL will provide insight into the sex differences in ACL injury and future prevention strategies.
Gingival landmarks and cutting points for gingival phenotype determination: A clinical and tomographic cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rodrigues Diogo Moreira , Petersen Rodrigo Lima , de Moraes José Rodrigo , Barboza Eliane Porto
Published: April 2022

Background

This cross‐sectional study assessed the role of gingival landmarks (GLs) and cutting points (CPs) for gingival phenotype (GP) determination.

Methods

Six maxillary anterior teeth (70 subjects) were evaluated using soft tissue cone‐beam computed tomography (ST‐CBCT). Gingival thickness was measured at different GLs: 1) tissue zone (gingival margin [GM], 1 and 2 mm apical to GM, cemento‐enamel junction, above the bone crest); 2) bone zone (buccal bone crest [BBC], 1, 2, and 3 mm apical to BBC). CPs of 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.5 mm were used to discriminate between thin and thick GP. The clinical determination of GP was made based on transparency of the periodontal probe (TRAN).

Results

The prevalence of thin and thick GP depended on the GL and CP. Considering the CP (1 mm), thin GP at the tissue zone ranged from 99% at the GM to 10.2% above the bone crest. In the bone zone, thick GP ranged from 28% at the BBC to 6% at 3 mm apical to the BBC. The predictability of a correct assessment of GP by TRAN compared with ST‐CBCT was influenced by the GLs and CPs. A slight agreement (kappa <0.2) and low accuracy (area under the curve <0.7) were found between methods.

Conclusions

The determination of thin and thick GPs is related to the gingival landmarks and CPs. Further studies are required for a well‐defined treatment protocol considering different gingival landmarks in tissue and bone zones. An ST‐CBCT may be useful for this purpose.
Reply to ‘Challenging the hypothesis of an arctic ocean lake during recent glacial episodes’ by Hillaire‐Marcel, et al
Authors: GEIBERT W. , MATTHIESSEN J. , WOLLENBURG J. , STEIN R.
Published: April 2022

Hillaire‐Marcel et al. bring forward several physical and geochemical arguments against our finding of an Arctic glaciolacustrine system in the past. In brief, we find that a physical approach to further test our hypothesis should additionally consider the actual bathymetry of the Greenland–Scotland Ridge (GSR), the density maximum of freshwater at 3–4°C, the sensible heat flux from rivers, and the actual volumes that are being mixed and advected. Their geochemical considerations acknowledge our original argument, but they also add a number of assumptions that are neither required to explain the observations, nor do they correspond to the lithology of the sediments. Rather than being additive in nature, their arguments of high particle flux, low particle flux, export of 230Th and accumulation of 230Th, are mutually exclusive. We first address the arguments above, before commenting on some misunderstandings of our original claim in their contribution, especially regarding our dating approach.
Oncoplastic breast reconstruction: Principles, current techniques, and future directions
Authors: Salibian Ara A. , Olson Blade , Shauly Orr , Patel Ketan M.
Published: April 2022

Oncoplastic breast reconstruction has improved esthetic results after breast‐conserving surgery with low complication rates and stable oncologic outcomes. Basic principles can be applied across different volume displacement and replacement techniques including restoration of breast shape and symmetry through esthetic incisions while eliminating dead space. Technique selection is guided by several factors including breast size, resection‐to‐breast ratio, and patient desires. A surgeon familiar with all techniques will allow individualization of treatment and optimization of outcomes.
Neighborhood socioeconomic status and low‐value breast cancer care
Authors: Chen J. C. , Li Yaming , Fisher James L. , Bhattacharyya Oindrila , Tsung Allan , Obeng‐Gyasi Samilia
Published: April 2022

Background

The objective of this study is to examine the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) and receipt of low‐value breast cancer procedures.

Methods

Patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Low value procedures included: (1) axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for patients with limited nodal disease receiving breast conservation therapy (BCT); (2) contralateral prophylactic mastectomies (CPM); and (3) sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNB) in patients ≥70 years old with clinically node negative early‐stage hormone‐positive breast cancer. The cohort was divided by nSES. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis compared the groups.

Results

The study included 412 959 patients. Compared to patients in high nSES areas, residing in neighborhoods with low nSES (odd ratio [OR] 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0−2.42) and middle nSES (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.20−1.56) was associated with a higher probability of undergoing low value ALND. Conversely, patients in low SES neighborhoods were less likely to receive low value SLNB (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.85−0.94) or CPM than (low nSES OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.73−0.77); middle nSES OR 0.91 (0.89−0.92) those in high SES neighborhoods.

Conclusion

In the SEER Program, low nSES was associated with a lower probability of low value procedures except for ALND utilization.
Preparation of magnetic metal‐organic framework MIL‐101(Fe) and its application in the extraction of anthraquinones in rhubarb
Authors: Zhou Xi , Yin Shi‐Jun , Chen Guo‐Ying , Xiao Shang‐You , Yang Feng‐Qing
Published: April 2022

In this work, a magnetic octahedral metal‐organic framework (Fe3O4@NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe)) was synthesized for the magnetic solid‐phase extraction of three anthraquinones, including aloe‐emodin, emodin, and physcion, in rhubarb. The Fe3O4@NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe) exhibits a high specific surface area of 259.2 m2/g with an average pore size of 6.0 nm and high magnetic responsivity of 23.4 emu/g, which may be used as an adsorbent for rapid preconcentration and separation of target analytes. The main parameters for magnetic solid‐phase extraction of anthraquinones, including the amount of adsorbent, extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction pH, elution solvent, and elution time, were systematically optimized. The whole extraction process requires a very low amount of adsorbent and a small volume of the sample. Besides, under the optimized conditions, the method shows satisfactory spiked recovery for anthraquinones in the range of 93.3–109.1% and the limits of detection are 1.7–3.4 ng/mL. The relative standard deviations for intra‐ and inter‐day precision are 0.2–1.3% and 0.2–0.6%, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the developed method is feasible for the analysis of anthraquinones in rhubarb.
Cervical lymphangioma in adults: A report of seven cases and review of the literature
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Yang Yujuan , Guo Jing , Yao Yao , Dong Luchao , Mou Yakui , Zhang Yu , Song Xicheng
Published: April 2022

Background

Cervical lymphangioma usually occurs in children and is relatively rare in adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of cervical lymphangiomas in adults.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed clinical data obtained from seven adult patients who suffered from cervical lymphangioma from January 2008 to June 2021.

Results

Five (71.43%) of seven cases were asymptomatic and four (57.14%) lymphangiomas had a maximum diameter ≥ 10 cm. Each cervical lymphangioma was located adjacent to the carotid sheath. All the cervical lymphangiomas were completely surgically excised and were pathologically diagnosed as cystic lymphangioma. After a median 32 months follow‐up period, no recurrence was observed.

Conclusion

Cervical lymphangiomas from adults are often large asymptomatic masses infiltrating or adjacent to surrounding vital structures which brings many difficulties to the surgery, requiring an experienced surgeon to remove the mass.
Core‐Sheath‐Like Poly(Ethylene Oxide)/Beeswax Composite Fibers Prepared by Single‐Spinneret Electrospinning. Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antitumor Activities
Authors: Kyuchyuk Selin , Paneva Dilyana , Karashanova Daniela , Markova Nadya , Georgieva Ani , Toshkova Reneta , Manolova Nevena , Rashkov Iliya
Published: April 2022

Composite fibrous materials are prepared from poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and beeswax (BW) by single‐spinneret electrospinning using chloroform as a common solvent. The obtained fibers have core‐sheath‐like structure, as evidenced by the water contact angle values and corroborated by the results on the elemental composition of the fiber's surface determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and by analyses with scanning electron microscopy of fibers before and after selective extraction of PEO or BW. Furthermore, the core‐sheath‐like structure is proven by transmission electron microscopy. This is attributed to self‐assembly of BW molecules on the surface of the formed fibers driven by the incompatibility between PEO and BW. 5‐Nitro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (NQ) is embedded as a model drug with antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties in the PEO/BW fibrous materials. XPS analyses reveal that NQ is present on the surface of the PEO/BW/NQ materials. Using a purposely designed cell for fixation of the fibrous materials the NQ release in phosphate buffer solution with рН 7.4 is followed. The new PEO/BW/NQ fibrous materials exhibit antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, antifungal effect against C. albicans, and selective anticancer activity against HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma cells) and SH‐4 (human melanoma cells) cell lines.
Characterization of stage‐specific tumor progression in TMPRSS2‐ERG (fusion)‐driven and non‐fusion‐driven prostate cancer in GEM models
Authors: Raina Komal , Kant Rama , Prasad Ram R. , Kandhari Kushal , Tomar Munendra , Mishra Neha , Kumar Robin , Fox Jennifer T. , Sei Shizuko , Shoemaker Robert H. , Chen Yu , Maroni Paul , Agarwal Chapla , Agarwal Rajesh
Published: April 2022

In the present study, we performed a comparative stage‐specific pathological and molecular marker evaluation of TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion and PTEN loss‐driven (TMPRSS2‐ERG. Ptenflox/flox) versus non‐fusion‐driven prostate tumorigenesis (Hi‐Myc) in mice. Anterior, ventral, and dorsolateral prostates were collected from mice at different ages (or time points post‐Cre induction). Results indicated that growth and progression of prostatic intraepithelial lesions to adenocarcinoma stages occurred in both mice models albeit at different rates. In the TMPRSS2‐ERG. Ptenflox/flox mice, the initiation of tumorigenesis was slow, but subsequent progression through different stages became increasingly faster. Adenocarcinoma stage was reached early on; however, no high‐grade undifferentiated tumors were observed. Conversely, in the Hi‐Myc+/− mice, tumorigenesis initiation was rapid; however, progression through different stages was relatively slower and it took a while to reach the more aggressive phenotype stage. Nevertheless, at the advanced stages in the Hi‐Myc+/− mice, high‐grade undifferentiated tumors were observed compared to the later stage tumors observed in the fusion‐driven TMPRSS2‐ERG. Ptenflox/flox mice. These results were corroborated by the stage specific‐pattern in the molecular expression of proliferation markers (PCNA and c‐Myc); androgen receptor (AR); fusion‐resultant overexpression of ERG; Prostein (SLC45‐A3); and angiogenesis marker (CD‐31). Importantly, there was a significant increase in immune cell infiltrations, which increased with the stage of tumorigenesis, in the TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion‐positive tumors relative to fusion negative tumors. Together, these findings are both novel and highly significant in establishing a working preclinical model for evaluating the efficacy of interventions during different stages of tumorigenesis in TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion‐driven PCa.
Deletion of Trp53 and Rb1 in Ctsk‐expressing cells drives osteosarcoma progression by activating glucose metabolism and YAP signaling
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Shuting , Liu Yang , Yang Shuying
Published: April 2022

Glucose metabolism reprogramming is a critical factor in the progression of multiple cancers and is directly regulated by many tumor suppressors. However, how glucose metabolism regulates osteosarcoma development and progression is largely unknown. Cathepsin K (Ctsk) has been reported to express in chondroprogenitor cells and stem cells besides osteoclasts. Moreover, mutations in the tumor suppressors transformation‐related protein 53 (Trp53) and retinoblastoma protein (Rb1) are evident in approximately 50%–70% of human osteosarcoma. To understand how deletion of Trp53 and Rb1 in Ctsk‐expressing cells drives tumorigenesis, we generated the Ctsk‐Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mouse model. Our data revealed that those mice developed osteosarcoma without formation of tumor in osteoclast lineage. The level of cortical bone destruction was gradually increased in parallel to the osteosarcoma progression rate. Through mechanistic studies, we found that loss of Trp53/Rb1 in Ctsk‐expressing cells significantly elevated Yes‐associated protein (YAP) expression and activity. YAP/TEAD1 complex binds to the glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) promoter to upregulate Glut1 expression. Upregulated Glut1 expression led to overactive glucose metabolism, increasing osteosarcoma progression. Ablation of YAP signaling inhibited energy metabolism and delayed osteosarcoma progression in Ctsk‐Cre;Trp53f/f/Rb1f/f mice. Collectively, these findings provide proof of principle that inhibition of YAP activity may be a potential strategy for osteosarcoma treatment.
Maternal MH project to identify, close clinician training gaps
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: April 2022

Observing prior research that indicated 51% of women with a major depressive episode did not receive any mental health treatment and perceive an unmet need for their mental health care, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) earlier this month announced the launch of a new initiative involving women with mental health and substance use disorders, and informing mental health professionals who treat pregnant women.
An LSTM‐based approach to precise landing of a UAV on a moving platform
Authors: Luo Wei , Ebel Henrik , Eberhard Peter
Published: April 2022

A machine learning‐based method for the precise landing of an unmanned aerial vehicle on a moving mobile platform is proposed. The proposed approach attempts to predict the mobile platform's future trajectory based on the past states of the mobile platform. To that end, it combines a long short‐term memory‐based neural network with a Kalman filter. Hence, it aims at combining the advantages of a machine learning method with those of a state estimation method from established control theory. Based on the predicted trajectory, the unmanned aerial vehicle attempts to land precisely on the moving mobile platform. The experiment is conducted in the Gazebo simulation platform with a quadrotor and an omnidirectional mobile robot, and the proposed method is compared with the single‐method approaches of using only either the Kalman filter or the machine learning method alone.
Polymer composites from natural fibers and recycled waste surgical masks during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Pulikkalparambil Harikrishnan , Nandi Debabrata , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Prasanth Sreelakshmi , Siengchin Suchart
Published: April 2022

The crucial role of face masks is highlighted in our day‐to‐day life during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Polypropylene (PP)‐based disposable face masks are widely used to hold back viral transmission. The discarded masks can create a huge burden of contamination on the environment. The purpose of this work is to recycle and reuse discarded masks to reduce environmental pollution. A simple and innovative technique to recycle surgical masks into composites of higher mechanical strength and antimicrobial properties is explored to reuse in packaging materials and cutleries. The surgical masks composed of PP fibers are recycled to use as a matrix material to reinforce with sisal and hemp fibers. The hot compression molding technique is used to sandwich the PP masks with natural fibers. The tensile strength of the composites is remarkably increased by 197% and 305% for sisal fiber composites and hemp fiber composites, respectively. The tensile elongation also increased to 574% for sisal fiber composites. The resulting composites exhibit notable antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogen responsible for common staphylococcal food poisoning. The composites are found to be suitable to use as food contact cutleries and packaging materials.
At‐home compounding preparation of slow desensitization of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor for delayed hypersensitivity rash
Authors: Muirhead Corinne , Verzasconi Deborah , Joshi Shyam
Published: April 2022

As elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor has proven to have robust clinical efficacy for eligible persons with cystic fibrosis, desensitization should be offered to those with maculopapular eruption hypersensitivity reactions to achieve tolerance. As presented in this case, if provided with tools for crushing and mixing the medication, a successful escalation protocol can be completed at home without coordinating the help of a compound pharmacy.
Examining the impact of pulmonary hypertension on nonprofessional caregivers: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Rawlings Gregg H. , Beail Nigel , Condliffe Robin , Kiely David G. , Thompson Andrew R. , Sabroe Ian , Armstrong Iain
Published: April 2022

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous condition, associated with a high symptom burden and high rates of disability. While nonprofessional caregivers are essential in helping patients live better, little is known about the impact on caregivers and support that is currently available. This review has synthesised evidence examining experiences of caregivers of adults with PH. Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library were searched for all types of study design. Articles were evaluated and analysed using a Joanna Briggs Institute approach. Eight articles primarily focussed on pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic PH were identified investigating 456 caregivers from at least 10 countries. Four categories were identified describing caregiver demographics, responsibilities, impact, and support. Four integrated themes emerged identifying possible unmet needs and therapeutic targets: (1) Change, reflecting the various demands caring had on people as they attempted to balance the needs of the patient and their own; (2) Preparedness, discussing how caregivers could feel uncertain and unskilled for their duties and unsupported; (3) Isolation, with caregivers often encountering challenges to gaining information on PH turning to PH organisations and others affected for support and connection; and (4) Physical and mental demands, reflecting the multifaceted impact of caring. Findings add to the evidence demonstrating that PH can have a considerable impact on patients' support network. Providing support for caregivers of people with PH is an unmet need and may have a positive impact on patients and is an area that requires further research.
Biopolymer‐Based Biomatrices – Organic Strategies to Combat Micronutrient Deficit for Dynamic Agronomy
Authors: Malik Ritu , Saxena Reena , Warkar Sudhir G.
Published: April 2022

Agronomy inexorably contributes an eminent role in food nutriment and the economic upswing of a country. Micronutrients though required exiguously; are vital for the growth, health, and higher yields of the crops. Micronutrient supplementation at a controlled rate in an economical and eco‐friendly way is the major challenge, an agro‐researcher has to deal with. The potential of scientific research entails the usage of natural, renewable, and abundant raw materials that endow a solution to the agronomical challenges of today's world. Besides being non‐hazardous, biopolymer‐based matrices are pertinent materials that act as a reservoir of micronutrients and are a boon for agronomy, this review explores the synthesis of biomatrices, loading of micronutrients into the bio‐matrix, kinetics, and mechanism of release of micronutrients along with the citations of the biopolymer‐based matrices used till date for the controlled release of micronutrients that would be rewarding for forthcoming research. These green polymeric matrices have been explored a lot for the release of micronutrients iron, copper, and zinc but more research is required for the supplementation of boron, molybdenum, and manganese. The bio‐matrices applied as micronutrient carrier vehicle in agronomy results in enhanced growth, high crop yield, and sustainability.
Cu(II)‐Amino Acid Ionic Liquid Surfactants: Metallovesicles as Nano‐Catalytic Reactors for Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction in Water
Authors: Kulshrestha Akshay , Kumar Gaurav , Kumar Arvind
Published: April 2022

Utilization of the water as a reaction medium is very challenging due to the organic molecules insolubility in the aqueous medium. Still, self‐assembled structures like micelles and vesicles can act as nanoreactors to perform the organic reactions in water. In our efforts to achieve a chemical reaction in water, we have synthesized sustainable Cu (II) based amino acid (phenylalanine or valine) ionic liquid surfactants [AAC12]2[CuCl4], constructed their metallovesicles, and utilized these as nano‐catalytic reactors for C−C bond formation in the propargyl amines under the oxidative conditions. Aggregation of [AAC12]2[CuCl4] in an aqueous medium was studied using surface tension, pyrene fluorescence, and specific conductivity measurements. TEM and DLS analysis confirmed the formation of metallovesicles. [AAC12]2[CuCl4] metallovesicles acted as multitasking nanoreactors to provide a bio‐based template, water as a solvent, no additional catalyst to perform the reaction, and high yield (up to 94 % in low Cu(II) 0.012 mol%). Furthermore, The retention in the chirality of amino acid is observed in [AAC12]2[CuCl4], which can be a promising approach for one‐pot synthesis of chiral moieties in a greener way for future pharmaceutical manufacturing and other Cu(II) catalyzed reactions.
Fabrication and Applications of Wrinkled Soft Substrates: An Overview
Authors: Raj Soorya S. , Mathew Romina Marie , Nair Yamuna , S. T. Aruna , T. P. Vinod
Published: April 2022

Morphology of soft materials, including those of natural systems has great influence in controlling their surface functionalities and responses to external stimuli. Surface morphological features of natural soft systems are produced through controlled cell growth and tissue growth. Artificial systems capable of emulating the morphology‐dependent physicochemical responses of natural soft substrates can be prepared through various methods such as surface oxidation, thermal stress, compressive stress, etc. Wrinkling is an important morphological irregularity on soft substrates which can be leveraged in this direction. Wrinkling in artificial soft systems can be achieved through several experimental strategies such as compressive stress, thermal stress, surface oxidation, etc. The tunable, reversible and responsive nature of wrinkled soft substrates make them a potential tool for numerous applications in electronics, optics, adhesives, etc. In this review, have briefly summarized and commented on recent developments in different types of wrinkled soft substrates, their preparation, and emergent applications.
Deep Tumor Penetrating Gold Nano‐Adjuvant for NIR‐II‐Triggered In Situ Tumor Vaccination
Authors: Chen Anhong , Wu Lei , Luo Yao , Lu Shaojin , Wang Yupeng , Zhou Zhengzheng , Zhou Dongfang , Xie Zhigang , Yue Jun
Published: April 2022

Local tumor photothermal treatment with the near‐infrared light at the second window (NIR‐II) is a promising strategy in triggering the in situ tumor vaccination (ISTV) for cancer therapy. However, limited penetration of photothermal agents within tumors seriously limits their spatial effect in generating sufficient tumor‐associated antigens, a key factor to the success of ISTV. In this study, a nano‐adjuvant system is fabricated based on the NIR‐II‐absorbable gold nanostars decorated with hyaluronidases and immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides CpG for ISTV. The nano‐adjuvant displays a deep tumor penetration capacity via loosening the dense extracellular matrix of tumors. Upon NIR‐II light irradiation, the nano‐adjuvant significantly inhibits the tumor growth, induces a cascade of immune responses, generates an obvious adaptive immunity against the re‐challenged cancers, boosts the abscopal effect, and completely inhibits the pulmonary metastases. The study highlights an advanced nano‐adjuvant formulation featuring deep tumor penetration for NIR‐II‐triggered ISTV.
Novel Cerium‐Based Sulfide Nano‐Photocatalyst for Highly Efficient CO2Reduction
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ma Jiamin , Wang Siyuan , Ji Jixiang , Zeng Zhichao , Shen Zhurui , Du Yaping , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: April 2022

To address the environmental crisis caused by excessive emissions of CO2, the development of effective photocatalysts for the conversion of CO2into chemicals has emerged as one of the most promising strategies. Herein, beyond those well‐studied materials, a rare‐earth sulfide‐based nanocrystal NaCeS2is fabricated and investigated for efficient and selective conversion of CO2into CO, where the role of Ce ions is crucial. Firstly, the hybridization of Ce 4f and Ce 5d orbitals contributes to the photoresponsive band structure of NaCeS2. Secondly, due to the charge rearrangement supplied by the incompletely filled 4f orbitals of Ce ions, NaCeS2exhibits excellent charge separation efficiency and CO2adsorption affinity, reducing the energy barrier for the conversion from CO2to CO. Moreover, a NaCeS2‐MoS2heterostructure is also designed to further boost the electron transfer from the Mo site to the Ce site, which results in an improvement of the catalytic reduction yield from 7.24 to 23.42 µmol g−1within 9 h (both better than TiO2controls). This work offers a platform for the development of rare‐earth‐based photocatalysts for CO2conversion.
Protein Ligand Nanopattern Size Selects for Cellular Adhesion via Hemidesmosomes over Focal Adhesions
Authors: Ghorbani Sadegh , Shahrokhtash Ali , Gautrot Julien E. , Sutherland Duncan S.
Published: April 2022

Hemidesmosomes (HDs) are multiprotein complexes that firmly anchor epidermal cells to the basement membrane of skin through the interconnection of the cytoplasmic intermediate filaments with extracellular laminin 332 (Ln332). Considerably less attention has been paid to HDs compared to focal complexes/focal adhesions (FC/FAs) in mechanistic single‐cell structures due to the lack of suitable in vitro model systems. Here nanopatterns of Ln332 (100–1000 nm) are created to direct and study the formation of HD in adherent HaCaT cells. It is observed that HaCaT cells at Ln 332 nanopatterns adhere via hemidesmosomes, in stark contrast to cells at homogeneous Ln332 surfaces that adhere via FC/FAs. Clustering of α6 integrin is observed at nanopatterned Ln332 of 300 nm patches and larger. Cells at 500 nm diameter patterns show strong colocalization of α6 integrin with ColXVII or pan‐cytokeratin compared to 300 nm/1000 nm indicating a threshold for HD initiation >100 nm but a pattern size selection for maturation of HDs. It is demonstrated that the pattern of Ln332 can determine the cellular selection of adhesion types with a size‐dependent initiation and maturation of HDs. The protein nanopatterning approach that is presented provides a new in vitro route to study the role of HDs in cell signaling and function.
Various Dimensional CuI–DPA Coordination Polymers Based on the Same Components for Different Electronic and Photothermal Properties
Authors: Fan Hong-Chuan , Xia Xin , Zeng Yan-Bo , Wang Qiu-Feng , Chen Dan , Qin Shi-Chun , Wang Chun-Qiong , Cao Qiu-E , Zheng Li-Yan
Published: April 2022

Constructing varied dimensional coordination polymers (CPs) from the same chemical components is interesting but rare, which holds back to building the relationship between spatial topological structures and properties. Designing ligands with unequal coordination sites is a possible strategy to construct CPs with distinct spatial topologies. Herein, a novel planar ligand 2,7‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)acridine (DPA) with two kinds of coordination N sites is prepared for coordinating with copper(I) iodide (CuI). 1D‐, 2D‐, and 3D‐CPs (named α‐, β‐, and γ‐CuI–DPA, respectively) are constructed by similar [Cu2I2] dimers and DPA building blocks but different CuI‐to‐DPA ratios. Interconversions among three CPs are verified. According to property characterization and structural analysis, 3D γ‐CuI–DPA with unique chains possesses charge movement pathways for higher electrical conductivity than those of the others. In addition, π–π stacking interactions are observed to play a significant role in promoting nonradiative migration and triggering photothermal conversion. This work presents a set of objects for investigating the structure‐to‐property connection of CPs in conductivity and photothermal conversion, as well as a roadmap for designing potential functional CPs materials in future.
Spontaneous Formation of Prebiotic Compartment Colonies on Hadean Earth and Pre‐Noachian Mars
Authors: Köksal Elif S. , Põldsalu Inga , Friis Henrik , Mojzsis Stephen J. , Bizzarro Martin , Gözen Irep
Published: April 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by İrep Gözen group at the University of Oslo. The image shows primitive cell‐like compartments which have spontaneously emerged from a crack in rock‐forming mineral oligoclase. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/syst.202100040.
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs) Heterostructures: Synthesis, Excitons and Photoelectric Properties
Authors: Fan Jianuo , Sun Mengtao
Published: April 2022

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have good flexibility, light absorption, and carrier mobility, and can be used to fabricate wearable devices and photodetectors. In addition, the band gaps of these materials are adjustable, which are related to the number of stacking layers. The the material properties can be changed by vertically stacking TMDCs to form van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. Compared with single‐layer TMDC, the vdW heterostructure has better light response and more efficient photoelectric conversion. Interlayer excitons formed in vdW heterostructure have a longer exciton lifetime and unique valley selectivity compared with intralayer excitons, which promotes the research on TMDCs materials in photoelectric field, valley electronics, carrier dynamics, etc. In this paper, the methods of synthesizing heterostructures are introduced. Photoelectric properties, valley dynamics, electronic properties and related applications of TMDCs vdW heterostructures are also discussed. Heterostructures stacked with different materials, stacking modes, and twist angles all can affect the properties. Hence, it brings more creativity and research direction to the material field.
Effects of modified tributyl citrate as a novel environmentally friendly plasticizer on the mechanical property and migration stability of soft polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Han Jinzhi , Zhang Mucun , Zhang Haiqi , Liu Hongming , Xu Shiai
Published: April 2022

In this study, a novel environmentally friendly plasticizer, 12‐14 alkyl ether tributyl citrate (AETBC), was synthesized via high‐temperature ring‐opening reaction, and its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. AETBC was used to plasticize polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and the mechanical property and thermal degradation of the plasticized PVC was studied. The migration stability and compatibility of AETBC in PVC were also investigated and compared with three commonly used plasticizers. The results show that PVC plasticized with AETBC has better mechanical property and migration stability than that plasticized with dioctyl phthalate (DOP), tributyl citrate (TBC) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), and AETBC is more effective than TBC and ATBC in improving the thermal stability of PVC. In conclusion, AETBC can be produced by a simple way for use as a promising alternative to DOP in preparing flexible PVC films.