bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution modulation of mixed building blocks in metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Jeong Seok , Seong Junmo , Moon Sung Wook , Lim Jaewoong , Baek Seung Bin , Min Seung Kyu , Lah Myoung Soo
Published: February 2022

The placement of mixed building blocks at precise locations in metal–organic frameworks is critical to creating pore environments suitable for advanced applications. Here we show that the spatial distribution of mixed building blocks in metal–organic frameworks can be modulated by exploiting the different temperature sensitivities of the diffusion coefficients and exchange rate constants of the building blocks. By tuning the reaction temperature of the forward linker exchange from one metal–organic framework to another isoreticular metal–organic framework, core–shell microstructural and uniform microstructural metal–organic frameworks are obtained. The strategy can be extended to the fabrication of inverted core–shell microstructures and multi-shell microstructures and applied for the modulation of the spatial distribution of framework metal ions during the post-synthetic metal exchange process of a Zn-based metal–organic framework to an isostructural Ni-based metal–organic framework.
Targeting ferroptosis protects against experimental (multi)organ dysfunction and death
Authors: Van Coillie Samya , Van San Emily , Goetschalckx Ines , Wiernicki Bartosz , Mukhopadhyay Banibrata , Tonnus Wulf , Choi Sze Men , Roelandt Ria , Dumitrascu Catalina , Lamberts Ludwig , Dams Geert , Weyts Wannes , Huysentruyt Jelle , Hassannia Behrouz , Ingold Irina , Lele Suhas , Meyer Evelyne , Berg Maya , Seurinck Ruth , Saeys Yvan , Vermeulen An , van Nuijs Alexander L. N. , Conrad Marcus , Linkermann Andreas , Rajapurkar Mohan , Vandenabeele Peter , Hoste Eric , Augustyns Koen , Vanden Berghe Tom
Published: February 2022

The most common cause of death in the intensive care unit (ICU) is the development of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Besides life-supporting treatments, no cure exists, and its mechanisms are still poorly understood. Catalytic iron is associated with ICU mortality and is known to cause free radical-mediated cellular toxicity. It is thought to induce excessive lipid peroxidation, the main characteristic of an iron-dependent type of cell death conceptualized as ferroptosis. Here we show that the severity of multiorgan dysfunction and the probability of death are indeed associated with plasma catalytic iron and lipid peroxidation. Transgenic approaches underscore the role of ferroptosis in iron-induced multiorgan dysfunction. Blocking lipid peroxidation with our highly soluble ferrostatin-analogue protects mice from injury and death in experimental non-septic multiorgan dysfunction, but not in sepsis-induced multiorgan dysfunction. The limitations of the experimental mice models to mimic the complexity of clinical MODS warrant further preclinical testing. In conclusion, our data suggest ferroptosis targeting as possible treatment option for a stratifiable subset of MODS patients.
Exchange scaling of ultrafast angular momentum transfer in 4f antiferromagnets
Authors: Windsor Y. W. , Lee S.-E. , Zahn D. , Borisov V. , Thonig D. , Kliemt K. , Ernst A. , Schüßler-Langeheine C. , Pontius N. , Staub U. , Krellner C. , Vyalikh D. V. , Eriksson O. , Rettig L.
Published: February 2022

Ultrafast manipulation of magnetism bears great potential for future information technologies. While demagnetization in ferromagnets is governed by the dissipation of angular momentum1–3, materials with multiple spin sublattices, for example antiferromagnets, can allow direct angular momentum transfer between opposing spins, promising faster functionality. In lanthanides, 4fmagnetic exchange is mediated indirectly through the conduction electrons4(the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction), and the effect of such conditions on direct spin transfer processes is largely unexplored. Here, we investigate ultrafast magnetization dynamics in 4fantiferromagnets and systematically vary the 4foccupation, thereby altering the magnitude of the RKKY coupling energy. By combining time-resolved soft X-ray diffraction with ab initio calculations, we find that the rate of direct transfer between opposing moments is directly determined by this coupling. Given the high sensitivity of RKKY to the conduction electrons, our results offer a useful approach for fine tuning the speed of magnetic devices.
Interfacial ferroelectricity in marginally twisted 2D semiconductors
Authors: Weston Astrid , Castanon Eli G. , Enaldiev Vladimir , Ferreira Fábio , Bhattacharjee Shubhadeep , Xu Shuigang , Corte-León Héctor , Wu Zefei , Clark Nicholas , Summerfield Alex , Hashimoto Teruo , Gao Yunze , Wang Wendong , Hamer Matthew , Read Harriet , Fumagalli Laura , Kretinin Andrey V. , Haigh Sarah J. , Kazakova Olga , Geim A. K. , Fal’ko Vladimir I. , Gorbachev Roman
Published: February 2022

Twisted heterostructures of two-dimensional crystals offer almost unlimited scope for the design of new metamaterials. Here we demonstrate a room temperature ferroelectric semiconductor that is assembled using mono- or few-layer MoS2. These van der Waals heterostructures feature broken inversion symmetry, which, together with the asymmetry of atomic arrangement at the interface of two 2D crystals, enables ferroelectric domains with alternating out-of-plane polarization arranged into a twist-controlled network. The last can be moved by applying out-of-plane electrical fields, as visualized in situ using channelling contrast electron microscopy. The observed interfacial charge transfer, movement of domain walls and their bending rigidity agree well with theoretical calculations. Furthermore, we demonstrate proof-of-principle field-effect transistors, where the channel resistance exhibits a pronounced hysteresis governed by pinning of ferroelectric domain walls. Our results show a potential avenue towards room temperature electronic and optoelectronic semiconductor devices with built-in ferroelectric memory functions.
Liking as a balance between synchronization, complexity and novelty
Authors: Ravreby Inbal , Shilat Yoel , Yeshurun Yaara
Published: February 2022

Synchronization has been identified as a key aspect in social bonding. While synchronization could be maximized by increasing the predictability of an interaction, such predictability is in tension with individuals’ level of interest, which is tied to the interaction’s complexity and novelty. In this study, we tested the interplay between synchronization and interest. We asked 104 female dyads to play the Mirror Game, in which they had to move their hands as coordinately as possible, and then report how much they liked each other. Utilizing information theory and video processing tools, we found that a combination of movement synchronization and complexity explained liking almost two times better than movement synchronization alone. Moreover, we found that people initiated novel and challenging interactions, even though they paid a price—being less synchronized. Examining the interactions’ dynamics, we found that people who liked each other moved in a more synchronized, complex, and novel manner during most of the interaction. This suggests that in addition to synchronization, maintaining interest may be critical for positive social bonding. Thus, we propose a new framework in which balancing synchronization and interest, rather than merely maximizing synchronization, optimizes the interaction quality.
Tele-consent using mixed reality glasses (NREAL) in pediatric inguinal herniorrhaphy: a preliminary study
Authors: Yun Won-Gun , Youn Joong Kee , Ko Dayoung , Yeom Inhwa , Joo Hyun-Jin , Kong Hyoun-Joong , Kim Hyun-Young
Published: February 2022

There is an increasing demand and need for patients and caregivers to actively participate in the treatment process. However, when there are unexpected findings during pediatrics surgery, access restrictions in the operating room may lead to a lack of understanding of the medical condition, as the caregivers are forced to indirectly hear about it. To overcome this, we designed a tele-consent system that operates through a specially constructed mixed reality (MR) environment during surgery. We enrolled 11 patients with unilateral inguinal hernia and their caregivers among the patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy between January through February 2021. The caregivers were informed of the intraoperative findings in real-time through MR glasses outside the operating room. After surgery, we conducted questionnaire surveys to evaluate the satisfaction and usefulness of tele-consent. We identified contralateral patent processus vaginalis in seven out of 11 patients, and then additionally performed surgery on the contralateral side with tele-consent from their caregivers. Most caregivers and surgeons answered positively about the satisfaction and usefulness of tele-consent. This study found that tele-consent with caregivers using MR glasses not only increased the satisfaction of caregivers and surgeons, but also helped to accommodate real-time findings by adapting surgical plan through the tele-consent.
Decision-making psychology and method under zero-knowledge context
Authors: Xie Neng-gang , Wang Meng , Dai Ya-yun , Ye Ye , Lai Joel Weijia , Wang Lu , Cheong Kang Hao
Published: February 2022

For a certain kind of decision event, the decision maker does not know the internal mechanism and knowledge information of the decision events.When this kind of decision events gives multiple selection branches, it is found that there is a decision psychological tendency to find the most common features by comparing the selection branches. Based on this, a zero-knowledge decision making (ZKDM) method is proposed. By defining the feature points and feature sets of the selection branches of the decision events, the characteristic moments of the system are constructed and the branch with the most common characteristics is obtained. It is observed that through the findings of investigation the probability of arriving at the correct choice based on the ZKDM method is high. The effectiveness of the ZKDM method may be related to the fact that the designers of decision events usually determine the correct selection branch first, before changing it to design other branches. A questionnaire survey of 279 respondents reveals that more than half of them actually adopt such a design idea. Furthermore, a separate questionnaire survey of 465 decision-makers reveal that 19.14% of the respondents clearly adopt ZKDM.
Proposing a novel deep network for detecting COVID-19 based on chest images
Authors: Dialameh Maryam , Hamzeh Ali , Rahmani Hossein , Radmard Amir Reza , Dialameh Safoura
Published: February 2022

The rapid outbreak of coronavirus threatens humans’ life all around the world. Due to the insufficient diagnostic infrastructures, developing an accurate, efficient, inexpensive, and quick diagnostic tool is of great importance. To date, researchers have proposed several detection models based on chest imaging analysis, primarily based on deep neural networks; however, none of which could achieve a reliable and highly sensitive performance yet. Therefore, the nature of this study is primary epidemiological research that aims to overcome the limitations mentioned above by proposing a large-scale publicly available dataset of chest computed tomography scan (CT-scan) images consisting of more than 13k samples. Secondly, we propose a more sensitive deep neural networks model for CT-scan images of the lungs, providing a pixel-wise attention layer on top of the high-level features extracted from the network. Moreover, the proposed model is extended through a transfer learning approach for being applicable in the case of chest X-Ray (CXR) images. The proposed model and its extension have been trained and evaluated through several experiments. The inclusion criteria were patients with suspected PE and positive real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. The exclusion criteria were negative or inconclusive RT-PCR and other chest CT indications. Our model achieves an AUC score of 0.886, significantly better than its closest competitor, whose AUC is 0.843. Moreover, the obtained results on another commonly-used benchmark show an AUC of 0.899, outperforming related models. Additionally, the sensitivity of our model is 0.858, while that of its closest competitor is 0.81, explaining the efficiency of pixel-wise attention strategy in detecting coronavirus. Our promising results and the efficiency of the models imply that the proposed models can be considered reliable tools for assisting doctors in detecting coronavirus.
A 4-year longitudinal study investigating the relationship between flexible school starts and grades
Authors: Biller Anna M. , Molenda Carmen , Obster Fabian , Zerbini Giulia , Förtsch Christian , Roenneberg Till , Winnebeck Eva C.
Published: February 2022

The mismatch between teenagers’ late sleep phase and early school start times results in acute and chronic sleep reductions. This is not only harmful for learning but may reduce career prospects and widen social inequalities. Delaying school start times has been shown to improve sleep at least short-term but whether this translates to better achievement is unresolved. Here, we studied whether 0.5–1.5 years of exposure to a flexible school start system, with the daily choice of an 8 AM or 8:50 AM-start, allowed secondary school students (n = 63–157, 14–21 years) to improve their quarterly school grades in a 4-year longitudinal pre-post design. We investigated whether sleep, changes in sleep or frequency of later starts predicted grade improvements. Mixed model regressions with 5111–16,724 official grades as outcomes did not indicate grade improvements in the flexible system per se or with observed sleep variables nor their changes—the covariates academic quarter, discipline and grade level had a greater effect in our sample. Importantly, our finding that intermittent sleep benefits did not translate into detectable grade changes does not preclude improvements in learning and cognition in our sample. However, it highlights that grades are likely suboptimal to evaluate timetabling interventions despite their importance for future success.
Novel cationic aryl bithiophene/terthiophene derivatives as corrosion inhibitors by chemical, electrochemical and surface investigations
Authors: Ismail Mohamed A. , Shaban Mahmoud M. , Abdel-Latif Ehab , Abdelhamed Fatma H. , Migahed Mohamed A. , El-Haddad Mahmoud N. , Abousalem Ashraf S.
Published: February 2022

Two novel bithienyl fluorobenzamidine derivatives namely, 4-([2,2′:5′,2′′-terthiophen]-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzamidine hydrochloride salt (MA-1615), 5′-(4-amidino-3-fluorophenyl)-[2,2′-bithiophene]-5-carboxamidine dihydrochloride salt (MA-1740) were synthesized, characterized and their corrosion inhibition properties were evaluated by electrochemical methods for carbon steel (C-steel) in 1 M HCl. Experimental investigations revealed that the inhibition effectiveness of the investigated inhibitors (INHs) by the Tafel polarization method followed the order: MA-1740 (96.9%) > MA-1615 (95.6%), demonstrating higher efficiency than inhibitors of similar structure reported in the literature. The investigated bithiophene derivatives exhibit mixed-type corrosion inhibition characteristics by blocking the active sites on the surface of C-steel. EIS study revealed that the INHs behave as interface-type corrosion inhibitors. UV–Visible spectrometric measurements confirmed a complex formation between the Fe2+ cation released during the corrosion reactions and inhibitor molecules.
Composition formulas of solid-solution alloys derived from chemical-short-range orders
Authors: Li Zhuang , Dong Dandan , Zhang Lei , Zhang Shuang , Wang Qing , Dong Chuang
Published: February 2022

Solid solutions are the basis for most industrial alloys. However, the relationships between their characteristic short-range orders and chemical compositions have not been established. The present work combines Cowley parameter α with our cluster-plus-glue-atom model to accurately derive the chemical units of binary solid-solution alloys of face-centered cubic type. The chemical unit carries information on atomic structure and chemical composition, which explains prevailing industrial alloys. For example, chemical units in Cu68.9Zn31.1 alloy with α1 = − 0.137 are formulated as [Zn-Cu10Zn2]Zn2Cu2 and [Zn-Cu10Zn2]Zn3Cu1, with 64.0–70.0 wt% Cu corresponding to the most widely used cartridge brass C26000 (68.5–71.5 Cu). This work answers the long-standing question on the composition origin of solid-solution-based industrial alloys, by tracing to the molecule-like chemical units implied in chemical short-range ordering in solid solutions.
Autoregulation and dual stepping mode of MYA2, an Arabidopsis myosin XI responsible for cytoplasmic streaming
Authors: Haraguchi Takeshi , Ito Kohji , Morikawa Takamitsu , Yoshimura Kohei , Shoji Nao , Kimura Atsushi , Iwaki Mitsuhiro , Tominaga Motoki
Published: February 2022

Arabidopsis thaliana has 13 genes belonging to the myosin XI family. Myosin XI-2 (MYA2) plays a major role in the generation of cytoplasmic streaming in Arabidopsis cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular properties of MYA2 expressed by the baculovirus transfer system. Actin-activated ATPase activity and in vitro motility assays revealed that activity of MYA2 was regulated by the globular tail domain (GTD). When the GTD is not bound to the cargo, the GTD inhibits ADP dissociation from the motor domain. Optical nanometry of single MYA2 molecules, combining total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) and the fluorescence imaging with one-nanometer accuracy (FIONA) method, revealed that the MYA2 processively moved on actin with three different step sizes: − 28 nm, 29 nm, and 60 nm, at low ATP concentrations. This result indicates that MYA2 uses two different stepping modes; hand-over-hand and inchworm-like. Force measurement using optical trapping showed the stall force of MYA2 was 0.85 pN, which was less than half that of myosin V (2–3 pN). These results indicated that MYA2 has different transport properties from that of the myosin V responsible for vesicle transport in animal cells. Such properties may enable multiple myosin XIs to transport organelles quickly and smoothly, for the generation of cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells.
Dry needling in active or latent trigger point in patients with neck pain: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Martín-Sacristán Luis , Calvo-Lobo Cesar , Pecos-Martín Daniel , Fernández-Carnero Josué , Alonso-Pérez José Luis
Published: February 2022

The purpose was to determine the efficacy of deep dry needling (DDN) applied on an active myofascial trigger point (MTrP) versus a latent-MTrP versus a non-MTrP location, on pain reduction and cervical disability, in patients with chronic neck pain. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial design was used. A sample of 65 patients was divided into non-MTrP-DDN, active-MTrP-DDN and latent-MTrP-DDN groups. The visual analog scale (VAS), reproduction of the patient’s pain, number of local twitch responses, pressure pain threshold (PPT) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were assessed before, during and after the intervention and up to 1 month post-intervention. The active-MTrP-DDN-group reduced pain intensity more than non-MTrP-DDN-group after a week and a month (P < 0.01), as well as showing the greatest improvement in tibialis muscle PPT. The treatment of both Active and Latent MTrPs was associated with the reproduction of the patient’s pain. The application of DDN on an active-MTrP in the upper trapezius muscle shows greater improvements in pain intensity after 1 week and 1 month post-intervention, compared to DDN applied in latent-MTrPs or outside of MTrPs in patients with neck pain.
Calculation model for ventilation friction resistance coefficient by surrounding rock roughness distribution characteristics of mine tunnel
Authors: Gao Ke , Qi Zhipeng , Liu Yujiao , Zhang Jinyi
Published: February 2022

Real-time mine ventilation network solution is the core way to realize the actual intelligent ventilation, and ventilation friction resistance coefficient is a significant parameter of network solution. With the help of fractal theory to characterize the three-dimensional roughness characteristics of tunnel surrounding rock. A method to describe the roughness by fractal dimension and fractal intercept. We put the fractal dimension and fractal intercept into Matlab to randomly generate three-dimensional laser scanning data of tunnels. The fusion of the two fractal parameters made the three-dimensional roughness surface information more comprehensive. It has been applied to field practice accurately. Compared to the simulation results show that the relative error of the new prediction results is 3%. Comprehensive evaluation analysis shows that the new friction wind resistance formula can fully reflect the influence of three-dimensional rough surfaces on airflow friction resistance. With the help of three-dimensional laser scanning technology, we can calculate the airflow friction resistance of the tunnel quickly and accurately, which provides a reference for the development of key technology and the theory of intelligent ventilation parameter measurement.
Loss of chaperone-mediated autophagy is associated with low vertebral cancellous bone mass
Authors: Akel Nisreen , MacLeod Ryan S. , Berryhill Stuart B. , Laster Dominique J. , Dimori Milena , Crawford Julie A. , Fu Qiang , Onal Melda
Published: February 2022

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a protein degradation pathway that eliminates soluble cytoplasmic proteins that are damaged, incorrectly folded, or targeted for selective proteome remodeling. However, the role of CMA in skeletal homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions is unknown. To address the role of CMA for skeletal homeostasis, we deleted an essential component of the CMA process, namely Lamp2a, from the mouse genome. CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing led to the deletion of both Lamp2a and Lamp2c, another Lamp2 isoform, producing Lamp2AC global knockout (L2ACgKO) mice. At 5 weeks of age female L2ACgKO mice had lower vertebral cancellous bone mass compared to wild-type (WT) controls, whereas there was no difference between genotypes in male mice at this age. The low bone mass of L2ACgKO mice was associated with elevated RANKL expression and the osteoclast marker genes Trap and Cathepsin K. At 18 weeks of age, both male and female L2ACgKO mice had lower vertebral cancellous bone mass compared to WT controls. The low bone mass of L2ACgKO mice was associated with increased osteoclastogenesis and decreased mineral deposition in cultured cells. Consistent with these findings, specific knockdown of Lamp2a in an osteoblastic cell line increased RANKL expression and decreased mineral deposition. Moreover, similar to what has been observed in other cell types, macroautophagy and proteasomal degradation were upregulated in CMA-deficient osteoblasts in culture. Thus, an increase in other protein degradation pathways may partially compensate for the loss of CMA in osteoblasts. Taken together, our results suggest that CMA plays a role in vertebral cancellous bone mass accrual in young adult mice and that this may be due to an inhibitory role of CMA on osteoclastogenesis or a positive role of CMA in osteoblast formation or function.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment as a useful tool in predicting adverse events in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Tanaka Toshihiro , Sakai Rika , Choi Ilseung , Tsukada Junichi , Sasaki Hidenori , Naito Yoshiko , Kiyomi Fumiaki , Takamatsu Yasushi , Tamura Kazuo
Published: February 2022

We conducted a multicenter prospective study on whether a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) can predict the adverse events (AEs) of chemotherapy in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Patients aged ≥ 65 years with newly diagnosed DLBCL underwent a pretreatment baseline CGA consisting of six assessment tools: activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL), mood, nutritional status, comorbidities, and cognitive function. An attending physician chose each patient’s treatment but was blind to CGA results. Patients were grouped as “dependent” or “independent” according to the CGA. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the association between chemotherapy-induced grade 3–4 toxicity and CGA. Of 86 patients, 78 completed the designated CGA. The median age was 79 years (65–89). Seventy-two patients were treated with a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP-like) regimen, and six were treated with low-toxicity regimens. Forty-one patients were classified as dependent and 37 as independent. In multivariate analysis, an impairment of IADL was independently associated with grade 3–4 leukopenia (odds ratio [OR] 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–0.92, p = 0.017) and anemia (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.50–0.90, p = 0.008). The presence of a comorbidity was also associated with grade 3–4 non-hematological toxicity (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.37–3.43, p = 0.001). The 4-year survival rate tended to be longer in the independent (72.7%) compared to dependent (56.9%) group. Overall, a CGA may be a useful tool for predicting serious AEs associated with chemotherapy in elderly patients with DLBCL.
Detection and identification of drug traces in latent fingermarks using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Amin Mohamed O. , Al-Hetlani Entesar , Lednev Igor K.
Published: February 2022

Recent advancements in analytical techniques have greatly contributed to the analysis of latent fingermarks’ (LFMs) “touch chemistry” and identification of materials that a suspect might have come into contact with. This type of information about the FM donor is valuable for criminal investigations because it narrows the pool of suspects. It is estimated that at least 30 million people around the world take over-the-counter and prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief, headaches and arthritis every day. The daily use of such drugs can lead to an increased risk of their abuse. In the present study, Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analysis was used for the detection and identification of drug traces in LFMs when NSAID tablets of aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, ketoprofen and naproxen have been touched. Partial least squares discriminant analysis of Raman spectra showed an excellent separation between natural FMs and all NSAID-contaminated FMs. The developed classification model was externally validated using FMs deposited by a new donor and showed 100% accuracy on a FM level. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated the great potential of Raman spectroscopy in the chemical analysis of LFMs and the detection and identification of drug traces in particular.
Gut microbiota and BMI throughout childhood: the role of firmicutes, bacteroidetes, and short-chain fatty acid producers
Authors: Houtman Timothy A. , Eckermann Henrik A. , Smidt Hauke , de Weerth Carolina
Published: February 2022

Childhood obesity is a risk factor for numerous health conditions. A critical factor in the etiology of obesity appears to be the gut microbiota, which is the microbial community that resides in the human gut. The ratio of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B) and gut bacterial genera that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) have been suggested to contribute to obesity. The current study investigated (1) whether differences in F/B ratio can be observed in infancy and childhood in relation to zBMI in healthy children, and (2) whether an innovative proxy measure adds evidence to a relationship between SCFA producers and the etiology of obesity. Stool samples were collected at five time points, and zBMI was assessed at eight time points throughout the first 12 years of life. Our confirmatory analyses with Bayesian multilevel models showed no relationship between the F/B ratio and zBMI. Also, a proxy measure constructed from known SCFA producers was unrelated to zBMI throughout the first 12 years of life. Exploratory analyses using multilevel and random forest models suggest that the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were independently negatively associated with zBMI from infancy through childhood, and the SCFA producing genera Subdoligranulum and Alistipes were negatively related to future BMI in childhood.
Jasmonate resistant 1 and ethylene responsive factor 11 are involved in chilling sensitivity in pepper fruit (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Lee Jeong Gu , Seo Jieun , Kang Byoung-Cheorl , Choi Jeong Hee , Lee Eun Jin
Published: February 2022

Pepper fruit (Capsicum annuumL.) is sensitive to chilling stress with chilling injuries occurring below 7 °C; however, chilling injuries occur at different temperatures depending on the genotype. The present study aimed to identify the factors that affect chilling sensitivity in pepper fruits. A total of 112 F2pepper fruits crossed between chilling-insensitive 'UZB-GJG-1999–51' and chilling-sensitive 'C00562' pepper were grouped according to the seed browning rate, which is a typical chilling symptom of pepper fruit under chilling conditions. Physiological traits, amino acids, fatty acids, as well asethylene responsive factor(ERF) andjasmonate resistant 1(JAR1) expression levels were analyzed, and their correlations with the seed browning rate were confirmed. The expression level ofJAR1showed a strong negative correlation with the seed browning rate (r =  − 0.7996). The expression level ofERF11and content of hydrogen peroxide showed strong positive correlation with the seed browning rate (r = 0.7622 and 0.6607, respectively). From these results, we inferred thatJAR1andERF11are important factors influencing the chilling sensitivity of pepper fruit.
Molecular dynamics simulations suggest possible activation and deactivation pathways in the hERG channel
Authors: Costa Flavio , Guardiani Carlo , Giacomello Alberto
Published: February 2022

The elusive activation/deactivation mechanism of hERG is investigated, a voltage-gated potassium channel involved in severe inherited and drug-induced cardiac channelopathies, including the Long QT Syndrome. Firstly, the available structural data are integrated by providing a homology model for the closed state of the channel. Secondly, molecular dynamics combined with a network analysis revealed two distinct pathways coupling the voltage sensor domain with the pore domain. Interestingly, some LQTS-related mutations known to impair the activation/deactivation mechanism are distributed along the identified pathways, which thus suggests a microscopic interpretation of their role. Split channels simulations clarify a surprising feature of this channel, which is still able to gate when a cut is introduced between the voltage sensor domain and the neighboring helix S5. In summary, the presented results suggest possible activation/deactivation mechanisms of non-domain-swapped potassium channels that may aid in biomedical applications.
ITK independent development of Th17 responses during hypersensitivity pneumonitis driven lung inflammation
Authors: Elmore Jessica , Carter Chavez , Redko Amie , Koylass Nicholas , Bennett Amelia , Mead Max , Ocasio-Rivera Marinel , Huang Weishan , Singh Ankur , August Avery
Published: February 2022

T helper 17 (Th17) cells develop in response to T cell receptor signals (TCR) in the presence of specific environments, and produce the inflammatory cytokine IL17A. These cells have been implicated in a number of inflammatory diseases and represent a potential target for ameliorating such diseases. The kinase ITK, a critical regulator of TCR signals, has been shown to be required for the development of Th17 cells. However, we show here that lung inflammation induced by Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (SR) induced Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (SR-HP) results in a neutrophil independent, and ITK independent Th17 responses, although ITK signals are required for γδ T cell production of IL17A. Transcriptomic analysis of resultant ITK independent Th17 cells suggest that the SR-HP-induced extrinsic inflammatory signals may override intrinsic T cell signals downstream of ITK to rescue Th17 responses in the absence of ITK. These findings suggest that the ability to pharmaceutically target ITK to suppress Th17 responses may be dependent on the type of inflammation.
A seafood risk tool for assessing and mitigating chemical and pathogen hazards in the aquaculture supply chain
Authors: Stentiford G. D. , Peeler E. J. , Tyler C. R. , Bickley L. K. , Holt C. C. , Bass D. , Turner A. D. , Baker-Austin C. , Ellis T. , Lowther J. A. , Posen P. E. , Bateman K. S. , Verner-Jeffreys D. W. , van Aerle R. , Stone D. M. , Paley R. , Trent A. , Katsiadaki I. , Higman W. A. , Maskrey B. H. , Devlin M. J. , Lyons B. P. , Hartnell D. M. , Younger A. D. , Bersuder P. , Warford L. , Losada S. , Clarke K. , Hynes C. , Dewar A. , Greenhill B. , Huk M. , Franks J. , Dal-Molin F. , Hartnell R. E.
Published: February 2022

Intricate links between aquatic animals and their environment expose them to chemical and pathogenic hazards, which can disrupt seafood supply. Here we outline a risk schema for assessing potential impacts of chemical and microbial hazards on discrete subsectors of aquaculture—and control measures that may protect supply. As national governments develop strategies to achieve volumetric expansion in seafood production from aquaculture to meet increasing demand, we propose an urgent need for simultaneous focus on controlling those hazards that limit its production, harvesting, processing, trade and safe consumption. Policies aligning national and international water quality control measures for minimizing interaction with, and impact of, hazards on seafood supply will be critical as consumers increasingly rely on the aquaculture sector to supply safe, nutritious and healthy diets.
A cascade of care analysis on the elimination of hepatitis C from public hospitals in Madrid
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Villota-Rivas Marcela , Fernández Inmaculada , Gea Francisco , Ryan Pablo , López Sonia Alonso , Guy Danielle , Calleja José Luis , García-Samaniego Javier
Published: February 2022

Background

Direct-acting antivirals can cure ≥95% of hepatitis C virus (HCV) cases, but do not reach everyone in need. This cross-sectional study analyses the HCV cascade of care (CoC) in Madrid, Spain, in high-risk patients, to inform micro-elimination measures.

Methods

From September 2019 to May 2021, data from medical records were collected and analysed from six public hospitals in Madrid, including seven adult, high-risk patient groups: patients in haemodialysis or pre-dialysis programmes, co-infected with HIV, with advanced liver disease (ALD), with hereditary haematological diseases, with transplants and people who inject drugs (PWID).

Results

Here we present an analysis of 3994 patients (68.8% male), 91.2% were tested for anti-HCV and 28.9% were positive. Of the total, 34.5% were tested for HCV–RNA and 62.4% of these were positive. Of those HCV–RNA positive, 98.0% were treatment-eligible: in 7.4%, treatment is ongoing and in 89.3% completed. Of the latter, 92.2% obtained a sustained virological response 12 weeks post treatment (SVR12). Of those with ongoing or completed treatment, 9.8% experienced loss to follow-up (LTFU) or had unknown SVR12, 50.3% developed hepatic and 20.3% extrahepatic complications. ALD patients had the highest proportion of HCV–RNA positives (32.5%). The lowest proportion of patients treated were PWID (85.2%).

Conclusions

Almost one in ten high-risk patients in six of Madrid’s public hospitals remains untested for HCV antibodies. An almost equal percentage of those untested have experienced LTFU, with the highest proportion in PWID. This approach to monitoring the HCV CoC is vital to inform measures to eliminate HCV in hospitals.
Three novel MOFs constructed from 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene and dicarboxylate ligands with selective adsorption for C2H2/C2H4 and C2H6/CH4
Authors: Yang Ming-Xing , Chen Li-Juan , Gao Jing , Gao Yang , Yu Guang-Tao , Lin Shen
Published: February 2022

Three 3D porous Co-MOFs constructed from 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene and dicarboxylic acid ligands with selective adsorption for unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules (C2H2, C2H4) and saturated hydrocarbon molecules (C2H6, CH4).
A photoactive Ir–Pd bimetallic cage with high singlet oxygen yield for efficient one/two-photon activated photodynamic therapy
Authors: Liu Yuan-Yuan , Yu Hui-Juan , Wang Ya-Ping , Li Chao-Jie , Wang Xiao-Fei , Ye Cai-Guo , Yao Hong-Liang , Pan Mei , Su Cheng-Yong
Published: February 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively studied as a noninvasive treatment option; however, the current PDT agents are often restricted with poor solubility, difficult accumulation in tumor sites, low singlet oxygen yield and low penetration depth.
Photochemical modifications for DNA/RNA oligonucleotides
Authors: Tavakoli Amirrasoul , Min Jung-Hyun
Published: February 2022

Photoconvertible groups (PG) can be incorporated into an oligonucleotide to undergo various irreversible and reversible light-induced reactions such as cleavage, crosslinking, isomerization, and intramolecular cyclization reactions.
Solid lipid nanoparticles as an effective sodium aescinate delivery system: formulation and anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Wang Jinyue , Wang Hongyue , Xu Hongjia , Li Jinghan , Zhang Xu , Zhang Xiangrong
Published: February 2022

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to encapsulate sodium aescinate (SA) were prepared by a double emulsion (DE) technique. SLNs were optimized by orthogonal and Box–Behnken designs. SLNs – SA presented a higher anti-inflammatory activity than free SA.
Utilization of metal or non-metal-based functional materials as efficient composites in cancer therapies
Authors: He Xiaoxiao , Chen Shiyue , Mao Xiang
Published: February 2022

There has been great progress in cancer treatment through traditional approaches, even though some of them are still trapped in relative complications such as certain side effects and prospective chances of full recovery.
The structural and luminescence properties of plexcitonic structures based on Ag2S/l-Cys quantum dots and Au nanorods
Authors: Grevtseva Irina G. , Ovchinnikov Oleg V. , Smirnov Mikhail S. , Perepelitsa Aleksey S. , Chevychelova Tamara A. , Derepko Violetta N. , Osadchenko Anna V. , Selyukov Alexandr S.
Published: February 2022

A technique of obtaining plexitonic structures based on Ag2S quantum dots passivated with l-cysteine (Ag2S/l-Cys QDs) in the presence of Au nanorods passivated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide molecules (Au/CTAB NRs) with controlled luminescence was developed.
Light-activated hydrolysis properties of Mg-based materials
Authors: Wu Daifeng , Li Rui , Zhou Qing , Tang Renheng , Xiao Fangming
Published: February 2022

Hydrolysis of Mg-based materials is a promising technology for the development of portable hydrogen fuel cells.
Experimental and theoretical study of novel aminobenzamide–aminonaphthalimide fluorescent dyads with a FRET mechanism
Authors: García Ángel L. , Ochoa-Terán Adrián , Tirado-Guízar Antonio , Jara-Cortés Jesús , Pina-Luis Georgina , Ortega Hisila Santacruz , Labastida-Galván Victoria , Ordoñez Mario , Peón Jorge
Published: February 2022

The aminobenzamide–aminonaphthalimide fluorescent dyads allow the determination of Cu2+ and Hg2+ metal ion concentration from Förster Resonant Energy Transfer measurements.
Photoluminescent coordination polymer bulk glasses and laser-induced crystallization
Authors: Fan Zeyu , Das Chinmoy , Demessence Aude , Zheng Ruilin , Tanabe Setsuhisa , Wei Yong-Sheng , Horike Satoshi
Published: February 2022

Over centimeter-sized luminescent coordination polymer glasses were fabricated. They showed high transparency (over 80%) and strong green emission at room temperature. The glass-to-crystal transformation by laser irradiation was demonstrated.
Solvent-mediated outer-sphere CO2 electro-reduction mechanism over the Ag111 surface
Authors: Sinha Vivek , Khramenkova Elena , Pidko Evgeny A.
Published: February 2022

In addition to the commonly accepted inner-sphere mechanism for e− transfer, we show that an outer-sphere electron transfer from the cathode to CO2 is operable at high overpotentials.
Single cell force spectroscopy of erythrocytes at physiological and febrile temperatures reveals mechano-modulatory effects of atorvastatin
Authors: Sheikhhassani Vahid , Evers Tom M. J. , Lamba Sanjeevani , Shokri Fereshteh , Mashaghi Alireza
Published: February 2022

Atorvastatin treatment softens human red blood cells at physiological temperature in a dose dependent manner.
Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and kraft lignin stabilized cellulosic wet foams for camouflage
Authors: Forsman Nina , Lohtander Tia , Jordan Juha , Huynh Ngoc , Seppälä Ari , Laaksonen Päivi , Franssila Sami , Österberg Monika
Published: February 2022

Lignocellulosics, microalgae, and SDS were used to generate stable and colored wet foams intended for camouflage use. It was found that the addition of microalgae increased the foam stability. The hyperspectral and thermal properties were studied.
Rapid and manual-shaking exfoliation of amidoximated cellulose nanofibrils for a large-capacity filtration capture of uranium
Authors: Zhang Weihua , Han Xiao , You Jun , Zhang Xiaofang , Pei Danfeng , Willför Stefan , Li Mingjie , Xu Chunlin , Li Chaoxu
Published: February 2022

Rapid and high-efficiency exfoliation of cellulose nanofibrils for capturing uranium ions with high capacity in a continuous filtration flow.
Unlocking the potential of a novel hierarchical hybrid (Ni–Co)Se2@NiMoO4@rGO–NF core–shell electrode for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Acharya Jiwan , Pant Bishweshwar , Ojha Gunendra Prasad , Park Mira
Published: February 2022

Nano-hybridization of a core–shell structure integrating a transition metal selenide with oxides results high-capacity electrode materials for energy storage devices thanks to the ample electroactive sites and relatively high electronic conductivity.
Hydroboration of CO2 catalyzed by heteroscorpionate zwitterionic zinc and magnesium hydride complexes
Authors: He Wenhao , Liu Xinli , Cui Dongmei
Published: February 2022

The heteroscorpionate metal hydride complex LZnH 2, LMgH 5 (L = (MePz)2CP(Ph)2NPh, MePz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl), and formate complex 3, were synthesized and utilized for the catalytic hydroboration reaction of CO2.
Solvent- and additive-free oxidative amidation of aldehydes using a recyclable oxoammonium salt
Authors: León Sandoval Arturo , Doherty Katrina E. , Wadey Geoffrey P. , Leadbeater Nicholas E.
Published: February 2022

A solvent- and additive-free oxidative functionalisation approach to prepare acyl azoles from aldehydes mediated by a substoichiometric quantity of a recyclable oxoammonium salt.
Thermo-responsive, mechanically robust and 3D printable supramolecular hydrogels
Authors: Wang Jiarong , Guo Mingyu
Published: February 2022

Mechanically strong polyurethane-urea copolymer based supramolecular hydrogels with thermo-responsive surface wettability and 3D printable characters were developed using α-dihydroxyl terminated PNIPAm as chain-extender.
Influences of pulverization and annealing treatment on the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4 for oxygen evolution
Authors: Okuno Kazuya , Kumagai Hiromu , Vequizo Junie Jhon M. , Kato Kosaku , Kobayashi Makoto , Yamakata Akira , Kakihana Masato , Kato Hideki
Published: February 2022

Pulverization followed by annealing treatment improved the activity of BiVO4 although the annealing treatment had a negative impact on the non-milled sample.
Giant coercivity and spin clusters in high pressure polymorphs of Mn2LiReO6.
Authors: Solana-Madruga Elena , Ritter Clemens , Mentré Olivier , Attfield J. Paul , Arévalo-López Ángel M.
Published: February 2022

New high-pressure ordered-ilmenite and double-perovskite polymorphs of Mn2LiReO6 are unprecedented A-site manganites with B/B′ +/7+ oxidation states. They show cluster spin-cluster-glass behaviour and giant coercivity without spin–orbit-coupling.
Speech-Language Pathologist's Role in Understanding and Promoting Self-Advocacy in Autistic Adults
Authors: Santhanam Siva priya , Bellon-Harn Monica L.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

This tutorial introduces speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to strategies that promote and support self-advocacy among autistic college students. The discussion for this tutorial is grounded within the framework of the social model of disability and the need for addressing environmental barriers to communication and self-advocacy.

Method:

We provide a self-advocacy framework to guide SLPs in developing programs for autistic adults. We describe factors that impact self-advocacy in autistic college students and the role of university-based SLPs and speech-language pathology graduate students in program implementation. Scenarios and examples are included to aid SLPs in implementing the recommendations.

Conclusions:

Self-advocacy is a predictor of retention, adaptation, and graduation of autistic postsecondary students. Prior research on autistic self-advocacy is minimal, and guidance for SLPs on promoting and supporting self-advocacy of their autistic clients is limited. SLPs play a very important role as they can increase understanding and appreciation for autistic social communication differences among nonautistic peers and professors and address autistic stigma through meaningful engagement of autistic individuals in planning and program development.
Incremental state model in predictive control: A new fuzzy control proposal for nonlinear systems
Authors: Al‐Hadithi Basil Mohammed , Adánez José Miguel , Comina Mayra , Jiménez Agustín
Published: February 2022

In this work, a fuzzy predictive optimal control for multivariable nonlinear systems with pure time delays is presented. Therefore, dynamic local linear state models are used at each point of the state space obtained by fuzzy Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) modelling. The modelling error is considered as white noise, and the state is observed using the Kalman Filter (KF). This method does not take into account possible input constraints. Therefore, it applies to systems where there are no saturation problems. In this work, a new approach in the Model Predictive Control (MPC) method is proposed by calculating the control signal increment as a function of the error between a reference state vector and the prediction at N‐steps of the state vector instead of using the traditional MPC approach which is based on calculating the error between a reference and the predicted output. The proposed method has a satisfactory tracking performance. The main feature of the proposed method is that it attains computational savings compared to other methods that have used incremental state models, which making it more appropriate for real‐time applications.
Non‐unit protection scheme for HVDC transmission lines based on energy of voltage difference
Authors: Mehrabi‐Kooshki Mohammad , Mirhosseini Seyed Sattar , Jamali Sadegh
Published: February 2022

This paper presents a non‐unit protection scheme for LCC‐HVDC transmission lines based on the energy of voltage difference. The change in the line average voltage is used to detect the fault, whilst faulted pole selection criterion is calculated by using the ratio of the average voltage change at positive and negative poles. The protection criterion calculated as the energy of second‐order difference of the DC line voltage determines whether the fault is internal or external. Numerous simulation and field data test are performed to validate effectiveness of the proposed scheme under a vast variety of fault conditions. The tests include different types of internal and external faults, sensitivity to transferred power variation, sampling frequency, length of data window, change of smoothing reactor, effect of lightning interference, change of the line length, change of the operation mode, and effect of noise. The scheme is a single‐end protection method and does not require sophisticated computations.