bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Obesity Effects of Leuconostoc mesenteroides 4‐Fermented Lemon Peel Filtrate on HFD‐Induced Obese Mice via NFκB/ PPAR‐γ Pathway
Authors: Zhou Xianrong , Fan Yang , Liu Jia , Yi Ruokun , He Yongpeng , Zhao Xin , Chen Lujun
Published: February 2025

Obesity is a major health problem associated with Type 2 diabetes, non‐alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and atherosclerosis. Functional lactic acid bacteria‐fermented products have been reported to have potential anti‐obese effect. The present results revealed that Leuconostoc mesenteroides 4 (LMSS4)‐fermented lemon peel filtrate slowed down the increase of body weight, and decreased liver and epididymal fat indices; it also decreased serum levels of TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglyceride), LDL‐C (low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol), ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate transaminase), and AKP (alkaline phosphatase), TNF‐α (tumor necrosis factor‐α), IFN‐γ (interferon gamma), IL‐1β (interleukin‐1β), IL‐6 (interleukin‐6), and IL‐10 (interleukin‐10), increased the levels of HDL‐C (high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol), IL‐4 (interleukin‐4), and IL‐10 (interleukin‐10). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of NFκB‐p65 (nuclear factor‐κB p65), PPAR‐γ (eroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ), TNF‐α, IL‐1β, leptin, SREBP‐1c (sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c), FAS (fatty acid synthase), and CEBP/α (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α) were down‐regulated, while the expression of IL‐4, IκB‐α (inhibitory subunit of NF Kappa B alpha), and IL‐10 were upregulated after the mice were treated with LMSS4‐fermented lemon filtrate; the filtrate also downregulated the protein expression of NFκB‐p65 and PPAR‐γ but increased the expression of IκB‐α. The HPLC results found that rutin and hesperidin were the predominant constituents in both the unfermented and LMSS4‐fermented lemon filtrates among the 15 constituents analyzed. In addition, chlorogenic acid, umbelliferone, byakangelicin, and oxypeucedanin hydrate were increased in the fermented lemon filtrate, in which chlorogenic acid showed the highest increase rate (83.51%). In conclusion, the anti‐obesity effect of LMSS 4‐fermented lemon peel filtrate was mediated via the regulation of the NFκB/PPAR‐γ signaling pathway. These results could provide an experimental basis for developing new functional lemon beverages for obesity intervention.
Postoperative Management Following Endoscopic Skull Base Reconstruction: A Multidisciplinary Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Goshtasbi Khodayar , Abiri Arash , Talati Vidit , Patel Jagatkumar A. , Nguyen Theodore V. , Pang Jonathan C. , Craig John R. , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Phillips Katie M. , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Wang Eric W. , Su Shirley Y. , Kuan Edward C.
Published: February 2025

Background

There is limited consensus on management protocols and practice patterns following endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS).

Methods

An online‐based survey focusing on ESBS practice patterns was anonymously distributed to the American Rhinologic Society, North American Skull Base Society, and American Head and Neck Society Skull Base Section membership.

Results

A total of 130 surgeons (81.5% in academic positions) completed the survey. Regarding reconstructive materials, 36.9% always used autologous as opposed to synthetic materials, with variation in specific materials used. Lumbar drain was never used by 22.3% of respondents, while high BMI or suspected intracranial hypertension (43.1%) and high‐flow leak or large dural defects (50.0%) were indications for lumbar drain usage. There was significant variation in types of nasal packing, type, and duration of postoperative activity restrictions, antibiotic use, and debridement protocols.

Conclusion

Postoperative management following endoscopic skull base reconstruction is highly complex, with a wide variety of practice patterns.

Level of Evidence

N/A.
Access to Enantioenriched 1,n‐Diols by Cu‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Protoboration and Hydroboration of Alkenyl Ethers
Authors: Flaget Arthur , Cesa Orlando , Mazet Clement
Published: February 2025

We report two catalytic enantioselective borylation/oxidation sequences that streamline access to either enantioenriched 1,2‐ or 1,3‐diols starting from O‐benzyl‐protected allylic alcohols as a single precursor. The approach takes advantage of the complementary regioselectivity of the Cu‐catalyzed protoboration and the Cu‐catalyzed hydroboration of disubstituted alkenes, which effectively install a borane function and a hydrogen atom on opposite C(sp2) carbon atoms of a carbon–carbon double bond. The two methods feature broad substrate scope and are amenable to large scale without measurable loss of the catalytic efficiency. Both protocols display high levels of regioselectivity and enantioselectivity.
Baseline Exposure to Antipsychotic Medication in Young People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A 2‐Year Italian Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Di Lisi Alessandro , Leuci Emanuela , Quattrone Emanuela , Palmisano Derna , Pupo Simona , Pellegrini Pietro , Menchetti Marco
Published: February 2025

Objective

Despite various models examining baseline factors, predicting outcomes in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR‐P) remains challenging. Specifically, neglecting factors like ongoing antipsychotic (AP) medications introduce bias and reduce method precision. The main aim of this research was to determine if the presence of AP prescription at baseline identifies a CHR‐P subgroup with worse prognostic outcomes over a 2‐year period.

Methods

A group of 180 FEP individuals (92 CHR‐P/AP+, 88 CHR‐P/AP−) were evaluated at baseline and after 24 months using the PANSS and GAF scales. Individuals with baseline AP prescription were included in the CHR‐P/AP+ subgroup; those not taking APs were grouped as CHR‐P/AP−. Univariate Cox regression analysis and mixed‐design ANOVA were performed.

Results

After 2 years, CHR‐P/AP+ had a higher rate of new hospitalization but lower rate of service disengagement. No significant inter‐group difference in psychosis transition rate was found. A “time‐×‐group” interaction effect on longitudinal improvement in PANSS total score was observed in CHR‐P/AP+ subjects.

Conclusions

It is advisable to conduct a more extensive outcome evaluation beyond the psychometric criteria for CHR‐P and the mere consideration of psychosis transition. Such an approach would facilitate the identification of specific CHR‐P subgroups with divergent prognoses and different AP response.
MicrobiomeStatPlots: Microbiome statistics plotting gallery for meta‐omics and bioinformatics
Authors: Bai Defeng , Ma Chuang , Xun Jiani , Luo Hao , Yang Haifei , Lyu Hujie , Zhu Zhihao , Gai Anran , Yousuf Salsabeel , Peng Kai , Xu Shanshan , Gao Yunyun , Wang Yao , Liu Yong‐Xin
Published: February 2025

The rapid growth of microbiome research has generated an unprecedented amount of multi‐omics data, presenting challenges in data analysis and visualization. To address these issues, we present MicrobiomeStatPlots, a comprehensive platform offering streamlined, reproducible tools for microbiome data analysis and visualization. This platform integrates essential bioinformatics workflows with multi‐omics pipelines and provides 82 distinct visualization cases for interpreting microbiome datasets. By incorporating basic tutorials and advanced R‐based visualization strategies, MicrobiomeStatPlots enhances accessibility and usability for researchers. Users can customize plots, contribute to the platform's expansion, and access a wealth of bioinformatics knowledge freely on GitHub (https://github.com/YongxinLiu/MicrobiomeStatPlot). Future plans include extending support for metabolomics, viromics, and metatranscriptomics, along with seamless integration of visualization tools into omics workflows. MicrobiomeStatPlots bridges gaps in microbiome data analysis and visualization, paving the way for more efficient, impactful microbiome research.
Optimization of Navigation Method for GPS Mass Transit Network Data Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Rong
Published: February 2025

Mobile robot autonomous navigation is a hot topic in the field of robotics or unmanned vehicles. Support vector machine (SVM) is a new algorithm based on statistical learning theory, which has gradually become a new research hotspot in the field of data mining after artificial neural network. In this article, we focus on the SVM to optimize the data navigation method of global positioning system (GPS) mass transit network. First, the vehicle navigation system and road network data model are introduced theoretically. Then, the navigation scheme of GPS mass transit network data is designed and the navigation model is established. Finally, this article uses the knowledge of support vector machine to optimize the data navigation method of traffic network and analyze the data. The experimental results show that the proposed method is based on the SVM, which has a good experimental effect.
A call to action for ambulatory care pharmacists for the treatment of depression and anxiety in primary care: An opinion paper of the ambulatory care and central nervous system practice research networks of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
Authors: Silvia Richard J. , Mohammad Insaf , English Clayton , Bradley Bridget A. , Ottney Anne , Crismon M. Lynn
Published: February 2025

The need for mental health care has increased in recent years, especially due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Simultaneously, the supply of mental health clinicians has declined alongside decreases in primary care clinicians. As management of depression and anxiety has increasingly moved to primary care, ambulatory care pharmacists must be equipped with the knowledge and skills needed to care for patients with these illnesses. The objective of this collaborative Opinion Paper of the Ambulatory Care and Central Nervous System Practice and Research Networks is to provide practical guidance on the role and educational needs of ambulatory care pharmacists in the management of depression and anxiety within primary care settings and to serve as a call for action. The authors performed a narrative review of the PubMed database from January 1, 1990 to November 10, 2024 using search terms pertaining to primary care pharmacists and mental health care. The reference lists of these articles were then reviewed for additional references. Ambulatory care pharmacists can help meet the increased need for mental health care in primary care. Their knowledge of evidence‐based medicine, drug interactions, adverse effects, and other areas of pharmaceutical care, coupled with their training in interprofessional team‐based care, make them an ideal addition to the primary care team to provide care for patients with depression and anxiety. A variety of educational programs are available for ambulatory care pharmacists to augment their mental health care knowledge and skills. Similarly, the training of pharmacists at all levels, from student to resident, should incorporate mental health experiences to prepare future pharmacists to address the mental health care needs of their patients. Ambulatory care pharmacists should leverage the skills and training they possess to fill the gap in care for patients living with depression and anxiety in primary care settings.
In Vivo Evaluation of Thermally Drawn Biodegradable Optical Fibers as Brain Implants
Authors: Abdollahian Parinaz , Sui Kunyang , Li Guanghui , Wang Jiachen , Zhang Cuiling , Wang Yazhou , Berg Rune W. , Meneghetti Marcello , Markos Christos
Published: February 2025

Optical fiber technology plays a critical role in modern neuroscience towards understanding the complex neuronal dynamics within the nervous system. In this study, we manufactured and characterized amorphous thermally drawn poly D, L‐lactic acid (PDLLA) biodegradable optical fibers in different diameters. These optical fibers were then implanted into the lateral posterior region of the mouse brain for four months, allowing us to assess their degradation characteristics. The gradual dissolution of the implanted PDLLA optical fibers in the brain was confirmed by optical, photoacoustic, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light propagation characteristics, and molecular weight measurements. The results indicate that the degradation rate of the biodegradable optical fiber was mainly pronounced during the first week. After four months, degradation led to the formation of micropores on the surface of the implanted fiber within the gray matter region of the brain. We believe that the PDLLA biodegradable optical fiber developed in this study constitutes a promising candidate for further functionalization and development of next‐generation biocompatible, soft, and biodegradable bi‐directional neural interfaces.
Theoretical evaluation of nitrate reduction reaction on single‐atom anchored boron nitride fullerene
Authors: Shafiq Faiza , Yang Lei , Zhu Weihua
Published: February 2025

Nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is a powerful technique for eliminating pollution. Here, NO3RRs on transition metal‐doped boron nitride fullerene (TM/B11N12) were thoroughly examined utilizing density functional theory (DFT). Co/B11N12, a potential single‐atom catalyst (SAC) with a low thermal barrier for NO3RR toward NH3 synthesis with good stability, activity, and selectivity, was successfully screened out. Co/B11N12 has the lowest limiting potential (UL) of −0.45 V and good NO3RR performance. Due to the comparatively restrained adsorption of proton on Co/B11N12, competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is substantially limited. The excellent selectivity for the production of NH3 is ensured by significant energy barrier prerequisite for the formation of by‐products (NO, NO2, N2O, and N2) on Co/B11N12. By ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, Co/B11N12 exhibits remarkable structural stability at 400 K with minimal distortion as compared to its initial shape. Our research may not only offer a fundamental understanding of the activity origin of NO3RR and catalytic mechanism on TM/B11N12 but also open up opportunities for rational designing of SACs for NO3RR toward the NH3 synthesis.
HMGB1 in Septic Muscle Atrophy: Roles and Therapeutic Potential for Muscle Atrophy and Regeneration
Authors: Qi Si‐Yuan , Wu Qiqi , Xiang Peng‐Hui , Hou Chao‐Yao , Kang Zhaofeng , Chen Meng‐Qi , Yi Chengla , Bai Xiangjun , Li Tianyu , Li Zhanfei , Xie Wei‐Ming
Published: February 2025

Currently, the treatment of septic myopathy presents significant challenges with implications for increased mortality rates and prolonged hospitalizations. Effective therapeutic strategies for septic myopathy remain elusive, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a conserved nonhistone nuclear protein that is released passively from deceased cells or actively secreted by activated immune cells, influencing both infectious and noninfectious inflammatory responses. Studies have indicated that HMGB1 likely plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of septic myopathy by crucial pathways associated with muscle atrophy and contributing to muscle regeneration under certain conditions. This review aims to summarize the possible mechanisms of HMGB1 in muscle atrophy and its potential in muscle regeneration, providing a theoretical basis for HMGB1 treatment of septic myopathy. Research shows that the dual role of HMGB1 is related to its specific forms, which are influenced to varying degrees by environmental factors. HMGB1 is a key participant in septic muscle atrophy, whereas HMGB1 shows therapeutic potential in muscle regeneration. One key mechanism by which HMGB1 contributes to septic muscle atrophy is through the exacerbation of inflammation. HMGB1 can amplify the inflammatory response by promoting the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, which further damages muscle tissue. HMGB1 is also involved in promoting cell death in sepsis, which contributes to muscle degradation. Another important mechanism is the regulation of protein degradation systems. HMGB1 can activate the ubiquitin–proteasome system and autophagy–lysosome pathway, both of which are crucial for the breakdown of muscle proteins during atrophy. Conversely, targeting HMGB1 has shown the potential to ameliorate muscle atrophy in various diseases. For instance, HMGB1 has been shown to promote muscle vascular regeneration, modify stem cell status and enhance stem cell migration and differentiation, all of which are beneficial for muscle repair and recovery. Pharmacological inhibition of HMGB1 has been explored, with several drugs demonstrating efficacy in reducing inflammation and muscle degradation in sepsis models. These findings suggest that HMGB1 inhibition could be a viable therapeutic approach for septic myopathy. However, the function of promoting muscle regeneration in septic myopathy needs further research. HMGB1 emerges as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of muscle atrophy in sepsis. This review focuses on identifying the correlation between HMGB1 and septic myopathy, analysing the possible role of HMGB1 in disease development and examining the feasibility of HMGB1 as a therapeutic target.
An Evaluation of Neuronal PARP‐1 and Caspase‐3 Levels in the Brain Tissue of Female Rats Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields at Different Gestational Stages
Authors: Tüfekci Kıymet Kübra , Tatar Musa , Elamin Abdalla Ahmed Eldaw , Kaplan Süleyman
Published: February 2025

Foetal exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) may cause marked neurocognitive impairment, although the mechanisms involved are still unclear. EMF induces region‐specific neuronal and astroglial death in the rat hippocampus. Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) regulates necrosis, apoptosis and other cellular processes occurring following injury. This study, therefore, investigated whether PARP‐1 also regulates neuronal responses in the hippocampus of rats subjected to EMF radiation during different developmental periods. Male and female rats were first allowed to mate in separate cages. Rats identified as pregnant were then divided into four groups. A 900‐MHz EMF was applied for 2 h daily on gestational days (GD) 1–7, GD 8–14 and GD 15–21. The female offspring were sacrificed at the end of the 28th postnatal day, and PARP‐1 and Caspase‐3 expressions in the hippocampus were then evaluated. No special treatment was applied to the control group. In the EMF‐exposed group, pyramidal neurons in the cornu ammonis (CA) region appeared normal after exposure on GD 1–7 but were darkly stained and shrunken after exposure on GD 15–21, while the majority of granular cells exhibited a normal appearance during all GDs. The group exposed to EMF on GD 15–21 exhibited strong PARP‐1 and Caspase‐3 immune reactivity in CA and dentate gyrus (DG) cells. Higher H‐scores were also observed in the EMF‐exposed group following GD 15–21 irradiation. As a result, a 900‐MHz EMF application at GD 15–21, which coincides with hippocampal neurogenesis, triggered hippocampal neuron cell death by activating PARP‐1 and Caspase‐3.
The short version of the ALR‐RSI scale is a valid and reproducible scale to evaluate psychological readiness to return to sport after ankle lateral reconstruction
Authors: Mahieu Alizée , Moussa Mohamad K. , Valentin Eugénie , Lopes Ronny , Hardy Alexandre
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To develop and validate a short and mini version of the ALR‐RSI (Ankle Ligament Reconstruction‐Return to Sport after Injury) scale.

Methods

The ALR‐RSI scale contains 12 items and was administered to 109 patients following arthroscopic anatomical lateral ankle reconstruction. The short (6‐item) and mini (3‐item) versions were developed using a systematic selection process to eliminate items based on their category, mean, standard deviation and pertinence. A second group of 75 patients participated in an analysis to validate the predictive value of these scores. These patients filled out all three ALR‐RSI versions 6 months after arthroscopic anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ankle to determine the predictive value for the return to sport (RTS) at 12 months. The predictive value was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curves (area under the curve [AUC]).

Results

The long version of the ALR‐RSI had a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.97), suggesting redundancy of certain items. A short version of 6 items was developed (Cronbach's α = 0.94). A mini version of 3 items was also developed which retained one key item from each category. Factorial analysis confirmed that only one factor explained 76% of the total variance in the mini version (Cronbach's α = 0.89). The scores of the three versions were higher in patients who returned to sport at the same pre‐injury level of play or better (p < 0.0001). Both versions were found to have a good predictive value for the RTS at 12 months, with comparable AUC values (full version AUC 0.70 [95% confidence interval; CI, 0.57–0.83]; short version AUC 0.72 [95% CI, 0.59–0.84]); mini version, AUC 0.73 [95% CI, 0.61–0.85].

Conclusion

The shorter versions (6 and 3 items) of the ALR‐RSI may be used to predict the RTS at the pre‐injury level without affecting the psychometric characteristics of the long score.

Level of Evidence

Level II prospective cohort study.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Plays Important Role in Predicting In‐Hospital Mortality in Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: A Multi‐Center Observational Study
Authors: Zhang Tingyu , Xu Yanli , Ge Ziruo , Tian Di , Zhao Chenxi , Zhao Qi , Lin Ling , Liu Zhensheng , Chen Zhihai
Published: February 2025

Geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) has been proposed as a reliable indicator of nutritional state and, when decreased, is closely associated with the severity and mortality risk of infectious disease. The current study retrospectively recruited patients who were admitted for SFTS from January 1, 2011 to January 1, 2024 at six medical centers. Two hundred and eighty‐two patients with SFTS who met the study protocol were finally enrolled in this study. Sixty patients suffered in‐hospital death during hospitalization, with a mortality rate of 21.3%. After adjustment of multiple models, GNRI remained a significant predictor of in‐hospital death, either examining HR by evaluating 1‐unit decrease of GNRI or by taking the higher median of GNRI as reference (all p < 0.05). GNRI displayed a moderate‐to‐high strength in predicting in‐hospital death, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.791 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.725–0.857, p < 0.001]. The addition of GNRI to a former established model exhibited significant improvement in the predictive value for in‐hospital death. GNRI, an important indicator simply calculated from ALB and BMI, is significantly and independently related to the risk of in‐hospital death in patients with SFTS.
Improvements in the Seasonal Prediction of the Mid‐Summer Drought Based on the North American Multimodel Ensemble
Authors: Zermeño‐Díaz David Maximiliano , Ray Pallav
Published: February 2025

Skillful prediction of the Mid‐Summer Drought (MSD) is important for various socioeconomic sectors in southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. However, operational forecasting errors of the MSD have rarely been evaluated systematically. In this study, we address this research gap by examining operational forecasts of the MSD derived from the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME; 1991–2020). We assess these forecasts before and after applying a Model Output Statistics (MOS) scheme based on Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). Before applying MOS, only a couple of forecasts exhibited a bimodal signal between July and September, but none of them reproduced the particular signals of the MSD; they generally suffered from two main errors: excessively weak precipitation during the June–September season (particularly in June) and a weak peak in July instead of a relative minimum. While the root cause of these errors can be associated with warm sea surface temperature (SST) bias in the tropical eastern Pacific and cold SST bias in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and northwestern tropical Atlantic, their immediate cause is an erroneous evolution of the eastern Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). During June and September, the eastern Pacific ITCZ remains too far south near the equator, while in July and August it expands and intensifies but stays too close to the coasts of southern Mexico and Central America, failing to migrate westward. After applying MOS, the forecasts showed high skill scores during the onset of the MSD (July and August) but not in the months before and after (June and September). As revealed by the CCA analysis, this improved skill is due to the MOS‐corrected forecasts' improved representation of a key relationship: drier MSD episodes are associated with a stronger westward SST gradient between the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Models that adequately capture this relationship exhibit reduced uncertainty in forecasting MSD intensity. This finding can provide a valuable pathway to mitigate uncertainties in projecting future changes in MSD intensity under different climate change scenarios.
Understanding the Contribution of Guidance and Counseling to Economic Growth in Developing Nations
Authors: Adu Gabriel Amponsah
Published: February 2025

Career counseling guidance (CCG) is critical for successful career growth. Ghana is a developing country with limited CCG services; CCG is becoming more popular in developing countries. CCG needs of undergraduates and their services have not been thoroughly investigated through research. This study investigated it with 18 semistructured in‐depth interviews with undergraduates, utilizing a snowball and convenience sampling technique. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Two primary themes emerged—undergraduates’ CCG needs and available CCG options—along with 10 subthemes. Undergraduates need self‐awareness, direction, decision‐making skills, emotional management, practical exposure information, guidance, and job search skills. Some CCG services, such as one‐on‐one sessions, job fairs, and career seminars, are available but rarely used by undergraduate students. This study has possible implications for career services, Ghana government, practitioners, and students regarding career service utilization, assessment, execution, and future CCG research and planning in developing countries.
Green preparation and evaluation of physicochemical, structural and functional properties of dietary fiber from navel orange peel
Authors: Wang Yuerong , Bao Xiaodan , Zhao Guanghe , Peng Liting , Zhao Fengli , Qin Yunbin , Zhang Ruifen
Published: February 2025

Background

Citrus fruits are an important source of dietary fiber. However, on the one hand, traditional preparation methods of citrus fiber rely on chemical hydrolysis, resulting in unavoidable environmental contamination and nutrients loss. On the other hand, citrus fiber usually requires modification due to its low soluble dietary fiber content. Therefore, we explored green preparation methods of citrus fiber, and evaluated the impact of high‐speed homogenization alone or combined with cellulase hydrolysis, Trichoderma viride or Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation on the physicochemical, structural and functional properties of dietary fiber derived from navel orange peel.

Results

Cellulase‐hydrolyzed navel orange peel dietary fiber (NOPDF) had better water solubility and oil holding capacity but lower thermal stability. In contrast, T. viride‐fermented NOPDF demonstrated the best thermal stability and glucose adsorption (4.62 ± 0.06 mmol g−1 dried weight), along with the highest soluble dietary fiber yield (2.27 g kg−1 dried weight), the best soluble dietary fiber/total dietary fiber ratio (29.64 ± 0.17%), water holding capacity (12.48 ± 0.44 g g−1 dried weight), swelling capacity (12.10 ± 0.24 g g−1 dried weight) and the darkest color. Lactobacillus plantarum‐fermented NOPDF exhibited the best fillibility (tap density, 0.68 ± 0.01 g mL−1 dried weight) and strongest in vitro prebiotic activity and antioxidant properties (total phenolic content, 5.81 ± 0.26 mg gallic acid equivalents 100 g−1 dried weight; DPPH• scavenging capacity, 2.21 ± 0.01 mg Trolox equivalents g−1 dried weight).

Conclusion

Both modification methods of T. viride or L. plantarum fermentation could significantly improve the physicochemical, structural and functional properties of NOPDF, and offer a valuable approach for utilizing navel orange peel in the functional food industry. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Visualization of reproducible object colors in standard color spaces using the gamut ring intersection
Authors: Masaoka Kenichiro , Smith Euan , Lang Karl , Berkeley Brian , Bergquist Johan , Penczek John
Published: February 2025

Object color coverage by output media is necessary to understand the limitations of color reproduction. However, complex shapes exhibited in 3D color spaces can pose challenges. Even if their 3D plot axes are rotated, their shape and size is generally difficult to understand. In this study, the color gamuts of both real and theoretical objects were selected as reference gamuts and compared with a few standard trichromatic color spaces using gamut rings—a 2D visualization method that allows quantification of color capabilities across lightness, chroma, and hue ranges. Additionally, gamut intersections between the standard color spaces and reference object color gamuts were represented proportionally on the rings to facilitate a straightforward evaluation of the color capabilities of the standard color gamuts.
Advancing Osteoporosis Assessment Through a Numerical Study Utilizing Ultrasonic Waves in Femur Bone Evaluation
Authors: Gandomkar Mohammadhossein , Soorgee Mohammadhossein , Habibi Hossein , Mehdizadeh kafash Mehdi
Published: February 2025

Objective

Osteoporosis, a musculoskeletal condition characterized by bone density loss, significantly heightens the risk of fractures. Early detection of this condition is paramount in both its prevention and effective treatment. Traditionally, osteoporosis diagnosis relies heavily on dual X‐ray absorptiometry. However, this research demonstrates an initiative by utilizing quantitative ultrasound as a cost‐effective, noninvasive alternative, particularly advantageous in certain scenarios.

Methods

By applying the finite element method, we simulate ultrasound propagation within intricate femur head models, incorporating both healthy and osteoporotic conditions. Through meticulous analysis, we unveil novel speed‐based and amplitude‐based indices derived from ultrasound signals, offering insights of high resolution into bone evaluation.

Results

Our findings illuminate a paradigm shift: as osteoporosis advances, there is a discernible decrease in speed of sound values, while ultrasound amplitude exhibits intriguing fluctuations, dependent on intricate tissue interactions such as diverse acoustic impedance at tissues' interface and echo reflections within the bone models.

Conclusions

The approach used in this study promises to reshape osteoporosis assessment, paving the way to revolutionize prevention and treatment strategies. The associated results of our study also could open up new avenues for investigating ultrasound propagation in three‐dimensional bone models.
Unusual Case of Multi‐etiology Conductive Hearing Loss from Cephalocele and Prolapsed Facial Nerve
Authors: Cleland Jane B. , Patel Kunjan B. , Bunch Paul M. , Gandolfi Michele M.
Published: February 2025

We report the case of a 34‐year‐old female with right‐sided cholesteatoma and progressive left‐sided conductive hearing loss. A cephalocele contacting the left incudomalleolar joint was suspected preoperatively and treated, but a facial nerve prolapse contacting the stapes was also discovered intraoperatively. This case emphasizes the importance of thorough and systematic evaluation to avoid satisfaction of search and anchoring bias, and illustrates the need for collaborative review of imaging findings among clinicians and radiologists to mitigate cognitive biases and improve diagnostic accuracy. Laryngoscope, 2025
Retrieving Scattering Matrices With Gaussian Regularized Adaptive Statistical Prior
Authors: Wang Zhengyang , Wu Daixuan , Shen Yuecheng , Luo Jiawei , Liang Jiajun , Liang Jiaming , Zhang Zhiling , Qi Dalong , Yao Yunhua , Deng Lianzhong , Sun Zhenrong , Zhang Shian
Published: February 2025

Wavefront shaping has revolutionized the control of light propagation through scattering media, transforming disordered speckles into highly focused optical spots. This breakthrough depends on the accurate and efficient retrieval of scattering matrices, which promises to unlock new possibilities in optical imaging, communication, and sensing. However, a major challenge persists: retrieving scattering matrices from direct intensity measurements, often hindered by the lack of effective prior knowledge or regularization constraints. In this study, we introduce the Gaussian‐regularized adaptive statistical prior fast iterative shrinkage‐thresholding algorithm (GRASP‐FISTA), a novel method designed to overcome this challenge in phase retrieval for scattering media. By exploiting the statistical properties of scattering matrix elements—specifically their circular Gaussian distribution—we impose a robust statistical prior that enhances retrieval accuracy. Integrated with the Plug‐and‐Play FISTA framework, known for its rapid convergence, GRASP‐FISTA offers an efficient and reliable solution to phase retrieval. Experimental validation on multimode fibers, ground glass, and chicken breast tissue demonstrates that GRASP‐FISTA reduces iteration counts by 2–3 times, increases robustness against Gaussian noise, and improves reconstruction accuracy. By incorporating statistical constraints into gradient‐descent‐based methods, GRASP‐FISTA significantly broadens the scope of phase retrieval, paving the way for new applications across diverse scattering processes.
Lubrication Characteristics of Tilting Oil Pad Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing Applied to a Heavy CNC Machine Under Eccentric Load Conditions
Authors: Yu Xiaodong , Wu Xianghui , Meng Xiuli , Qiao Wenzhuo , Sun Yankun , Ma Wenjie , Li Ruichao , Dai Ruichun , Jia Wentao , Jiao Jianhua , Wang Junfeng , Jiang Hui
Published: February 2025

When the hydrostatic thrust bearing is machining parts, the machined parts are easily disturbed by external factors and deviate from the centre of the workbench so that the hydrostatic thrust bearing is in the state of eccentric load. In order to explore the lubrication characteristics of hydrostatic thrust bearings under eccentric load conditions, the hydrostatic thrust bearing with 12 tilting oil pads is taken as the research object in this paper. Based on the tribology principle and lubrication theory, the flow equation, load capacity equation and oil film thickness equation of double rectangular oil cavity are derived from the working and structural parameters of hydrostatic thrust bearing. The matching relationship between load and oil film thickness is obtained. The effects of rotational speed, load, and offset distance on the oil film pressure field and temperature field are studied. The experimental platform of hydrostatic thrust bearing is built to verify the correctness of the simulation method of the oil film temperature field and pressure field.
Investigating Tuberculosis Dynamics Under Various Control Strategies: A Comprehensive Analysis Using Real Statistical Data
Authors: Al‐Hdaibat Bashir , DarAssi Mahmoud H. , Ahmad Irfan , Altaf Khan Muhammad , Algethamie Reem
Published: February 2025

In the present investigation, a mathematical model with vaccination, treatment, and environmental impact under real data is presented. Initially, we present the model without any interventions, followed by an examination of its equilibrium points. The stability analysis indicates the confirmation of the local asymptotical stability of the disease‐free equilibrium (DFE), , whenever . Moreover, we demonstrate the global asymptotical stability of for . We also investigate the endemic equilibria and show that there exists a unique endemic equilibrium, , which confirms that the model does not exhibit the backward bifurcation. Utilizing real TB data from Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) over a specific timeframe, we parameterize the model accordingly. We perform sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of model parameters on , with the results depicted graphically. Subsequently, we extend the model to include vaccination and an optimal control framework, deriving the relevant outcomes. The numerical solutions for the optimal control model are presented under various control strategies, demonstrating that simultaneous activation of all four controls yields effective results in managing TB. The impact of four control strategies on TB management through a numerical optimal control framework is shown. The results reveal that all four controls, vaccination, awareness, screening, and pathogens clearance, simultaneously yield the most effective reduction in both exposed and infected cases, highlighting the necessity for an integrated approach to TB prevention and control.
Low‐Profile Wideband High‐Gain Array Antenna With Quasi‐Microstrip Feeding Network
Authors: He Dinglun , Li Shufang , Deng Li
Published: February 2025

In contemporary communication systems, especially military radar systems, there is a significant demand for low‐profile, wideband, high‐gain antennas that can operate across the X‐band (8–12 GHz). Despite numerous studies on X‐band antennas, they are often characterized by limitations such as low gain, narrow bandwidth, or a high profile. This letter presents a monopole array antenna that combines the advantages of low‐profile, wideband, and high‐gain. And a parallel feeding network based on a quasi‐microstrip structure is designed in this letter, which solves the problem of difficult feeding for this type of array. Through parameter optimization of the array antenna, its overall size is obtained as 76 mm × 63 mm × 5 mm, with an operational frequency range of 7.4–13.3 GHz and a relative bandwidth of 59%. Rigorous measurement of the array antenna's prototype has been conducted, revealing a high degree of congruence with simulation results. The measured results show that the antenna has a stable gain in the range of 13–14.3 dBi, and the highest measured aperture efficiency reached 47%. It is facile to fabricate and readily integrates with communication systems. This design also has a certain promotional effect on the research of wideband antennas.
Focused ultrasound–induced blood–brain barrier opening: A comparative analysis of permeability quantification based on Ktrans and PS
Authors: Hývlová Denisa , Jiřík Radovan , Vitouš Jiří , Macíček Ondřej , Krátká Lucie , Dražanová Eva , Starčuk Zenon
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Focused ultrasound‐induced blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening is a promising method for neurotherapeutic delivery. The standard for quantifying induced BBB permeability is the parameter, which reflects both permeability and plasma flow. The influence of plasma flow can be eliminated by estimating the PS parameter. However, this parameter has been largely unexplored in this application. This study aims to compare permeability estimates based on and PS in focused ultrasound–induced BBB opening experiments.

Methods

We used the extended Tofts model (ETM) and the two‐compartment exchange model (2CXM) to estimate and PS parameters, respectively. Permeability estimates were compared using simulated concentration curves, simulated DCE‐MRI data, and real datasets. We explored the influence of spatially‐regularized model fitting on the results.

Results

For opened BBB, was minimally influenced by plasma flow under the tested conditions. However, fitting the ETM often introduced outliers in estimates in regions with closed BBB. The 2CXM outperformed the ETM at high signal‐to‐noise ratios, but its higher complexity led to lower precision at low signal‐to‐noise ratios. Both these issues were successfully compensated by spatially‐regularized model fitting.

Conclusion

Both and PS seem to be eligible options for the quantification of BBB opening, and the correct choice depends on the specifics of the acquired DCE‐MRI data. Additionally, spatial regularization has demonstrated its importance in enhancing the accuracy and reproducibility of results for both models.
Amide mapping in the human brain using downfield MRSI at 3 T and 7 T
Authors: Özdemir İpek , Etyemez Semra , Barker Peter B.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To quantitatively compare signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs), linewidth values, and Cramér‐Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for amide resonances in the human brain measured at 3T and 7T using downfield MR spectroscopic imaging (DF‐MRSI).

Methods

Seven normal volunteers (25–52 years, 5 female) were imaged using Philips 3T Elition and 7T Achieva scanners. Both systems have 32‐channel receive head coils and 16‐channel local shim arrays (MRShim GmbH) in addition to high‐order spherical harmonic shims. Three‐dimensional DF‐MRSI data were collected using a previously developed pulse sequence with spectral‐spatial excitation and frequency‐selective refocusing pulses. Matched imaging protocols on both field strengths were applied to achieve a nominal voxel size of 7 × 7 × 15 mm in a scan time of 10.6 min. Spectral analysis was performed using the “LCModel” software package. SNR and CRLB values (%) were compared between 3T and 7T data using univariate general linear models.

Results

Significantly increased amide SNR and decreased CRLB values (p < 0.05) were found at 7T. Averaged over all brain regions, SNR was 2.9 ± 1.1 at 3T and 5.4 ± 1.5 at 7T, and CRLBs were 11.4 ± 3.9 and 4.9 ± 1.5 respectively. 7T MRI and amide images did show some regional signal dropoff due to transmit B1 inhomogeneity, however.

Conclusion

Three‐dimensional DF‐MRSI at 7T showed 86% increased SNR and 57% decreased CRLB values compared with 3T, confirming the expected improvements at higher field. Improvements are probably due to multiple factors, including higher magnetization at 7T, the shorter minimum echo time available, among others.
Whole‐brain BOLD responses to graded hypoxic challenges at 7 T, 9.4 T, and 15.2 T: Implications for ultrahigh‐field functional MRI and BOLD–dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI
Authors: Le Thuy Thi , Choi Sang Han , Im Geun Ho , Lee Chanhee , Lee Dongkyu , Schulman Jacob , Cho HyungJoon , Uludağ Kamil , Kim Seong‐Gi
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Blood oxygen–level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI signals depend on changes in deoxyhemoglobin content, which is associated with baseline cerebral blood volume (CBV) and blood oxygen saturation change. To accurately interpret activation‐induced BOLD responses and quantify perfusion values by BOLD dynamic susceptibility contrast (BOLD‐DSC) with transient hypoxia, it is critical to assess Δ values in tissue and blood across varying levels of hypoxia and magnetic field strengths (B0).

Methods

Whole‐brain BOLD responses were examined using 5‐s graded hypoxic challenges with 10%, 5%, and 0% O2 at ultrahigh field strengths of 7 T, 9.4 T, and 15.2 T. Both tissue and blood responses were analyzed for BOLD‐DSC quantification.

Results

Substantial heterogeneity in hypoxia‐induced Δ was observed among regions under different hypoxic doses and B0. Nonlinear Δ responses with increasing field strength were observed, depending on hypoxic levels: 10% O2 condition exhibited pronounced supralinear trends, whereas 0% and 5% O2 conditions showed nearly linear dependencies. Blood arterial and venous responses showed a similar dependence as tissue. However, at 15.2 T, the venous signal saturated under 5% and 0% O2 conditions. Quantitative CBV values obtained from BOLD‐DSC data showed dependency on susceptibility effects, and higher B0 and hypoxic severity resulted in slightly higher CBV, indicating that caution is needed when comparing quantitative CBV values derived from different experimental protocols. Normalizing regional CBV values to those of white matter effectively reduced the impact of varying susceptibility contrasts.

Conclusions

Our investigations provide biophysical insights into the BOLD contrast mechanism at ultrahigh fields, and address quantification issues in susceptibility‐based CBV measurements.
Concentric Needle Jitter Measurements in Voluntarily Activated Deltoid Muscle in Healthy Control Subjects
Authors: Kouyoumdjian João Aris , Graca Carla Renata
Published: February 2025

Introduction/Aims

The deltoid muscle demonstrates sensitivity in detecting abnormal decrement on repetitive nerve stimulation in cases of myasthenia gravis and congenital myasthenic syndromes. However, single‐fiber electromyography (concentric needle jitter) normative data is currently lacking, which this study aims to address.

Methods

Jitter, measured by the mean consecutive difference (MCD), was assessed in the voluntarily activated deltoid muscle of 32 healthy adults (16 men and 16 women) with no known or suspected neuromuscular disease. For each subject, the mean MCD of 20 pairs was calculated. The overall jitter reference value was the mean MCD across all subjects, while the 18th highest MCD among them defined the individual jitter reference value (outliers).

Results

The average age of the male subjects was 42 years (ranging from 21 to 61), while the average age for females was 46 years (ranging from 32 to 65). The mean MCD values were 21.15 ± 3.42 μs for men and 19.50 ± 2.34 μs for women. For individual assessments, the 18th highest MCD was recorded as 27.84 ± 4.68 μs for men and 25.42 ± 3.19 μs for women.

Discussion

The proposed reference values for normal mean MCD are < 28 μs for men and < 26 μs for women. The normal outlier limits are < 38 μs for men and < 32 μs for women. No previously reported values for the deltoid muscle are available for comparison.
The comparison of radiological gastrostomy tube placement: Balloon and bumper: A retropective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Beizavi Zahra , Al‐Ogaili Mustafa , Ghozy Sherief , Khurana Aditya , Alzubaidi Sadeer J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG) are used for gastric drainage, decompression, and feeding. Recent innovations enable bumper and balloon‐type tube placement via transabdominal approach under guidance of fluoroscopy or sonography.

Method

This is a single‐center retrospective cohort study to evaluate the outcomes of balloon and bumper gastrostomy tube placement under guide of fluoroscopy and ultrasound. The total sample size was 470 consecutive patients. The eligibility criteria included all patients aged ≥18 years who underwent a balloon or bumper‐type gastrostomy tube insertion for nutrition support in both the interventional radiology unit and at the bedside between 2017 and 2022.

Result

This study revealed no significant differences between the two types of tubes in terms of time to tube replacement or requiring a gastrostomy tube. There was a positive correlation between the time that a patient has a gastrostomy tube and major complications (P = 0.005) and a positive correlation between number of tubes replaced and minor complications (P < 0.001). Both types of tubes were associated with low rates of complications. However, patients with a balloon tube were more likely to experience gastric‐tube–related hospitalization/ED visits and require a >24‐h hospital stay postoperation.

Conclusion

These findings can help healthcare providers make informed decisions when selecting the appropriate type of tube for their patients to have more durability with less complication.