bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broaching force prediction of nickel-based superalloy based on material parameter identification
Authors: Ma Yongjie , Cheng Guang , Jiang Erbiao
Published: April 2022

The broaching process of the nickel-based superalloy determines the aero-engine turbine disc mortises performance; thus, the broaching force should be analyzed principally. The aim of the study is to reveal the material constitutive law for the nickel-based GH4169 alloy broaching force prediction. However, the GH4169 material constitutive model may just be verified by the hot compression tests at the limited high-temperature conditions. The residual stress-based finite element updating (FEU) inverse method was used to optimize the GH4169 material parameters. And the finite element (FE) model for the whole multi-stage processing of the turbine disc billet was simulated with high efficiency and accuracy, where the wide forming temperature range would be the critical factor for the consequent broaching analysis. The cutting conditions were tested to measure the residual stresses in the multi-stage formed GH4169 alloy disc billet by the layer removal method. The objective function (OF) designed with the experimental-numerical residual stresses were optimized successfully. The GH4169 alloy broaching force predicted with the identified thermo-mechanical material constitutive model in this study was satisfied with the validation test results, and the influence of cutting parameters on the broaching force distribution design could be effectively controlled, which could guarantee the high dimensional accuracy and the excellent reliability of the aero-engine turbine disc.
Dissimilar P-TIG welding between Inconel 718 and commercially pure Titanium using niobium interlayer
Authors: Shehbaz Tauheed , Junaid Massab , Khan Fahd Nawaz , Haider Julfikar
Published: April 2022

The formation of brittle intermetallics is a challenge for the direct joining of commercially pure titanium (CpTi) and Inconel 718 (IN718) alloy. In the present work, dissimilar weldments using the P-TIG (Pulsed-Tungsten Inert Gas) welding technique were produced, with elemental Niobium (Nb) as an interlayer. The insertion of Nb acted as a barrier and suppressed the interdiffusion of Ti and Ni across the interlayer resulting in no TixNiy intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the CpTi/IN718 dissimilar joint. Titanium (Ti) and Nb on CpTi side joined by solid solution (Ti, Nb) strengthening mechanism. Nickel (Ni) joined with Nb at IN718 side via eutectic reaction, where a diffused layer comprising of NbNi3, and Nb7Ni6 IMCs was found. Owing to the formation of brittle IMCs (NbNi3, Nb7Ni6), the diffused layer at Nb/IN718 interface exhibited the microhardness of ∼782 HV, which is ∼64% higher than the Nb/CpTi interface and considered highest in comparison to the other regions of the joint. The maximum tensile strength of the weldment was 150 MPa, which is significantly less than CpTi (360 MPa) and IN718 (850 MPa) base alloys possibly due to the presence of cracks in the diffused layer and the welded joint.
Research on the working performance of fouled ballast bed under the multi-scale effect
Authors: Chen Xianmai , Chen Nan
Published: April 2022

In order to explore the influence of different particle size gradations of dirty materials on the service performance of the ballast bed, the clean track bed, the completely fouled ballast bed polluted by coarse coal and fine coal, respectively, were studied based on the discrete element method. In order to explore the influence of the multi-scale particle size gradation of the dirty material on the service performance of the ballast bed, the clean ballast bed, the completely dirty ballast bed polluted by coarse-particle coal, and the completely dirty ballast bed polluted by coarse-particle coal were simulated, respectively, based on the discrete element method, which are used to analyze the dynamic response of track bed under different working conditions under cyclic load. The model is verified by the lateral resistance and vertical stiffness of the ballast bed to prove the accuracy of the discrete element model. On this basis, the dynamic cyclic load is considered to analyze and study the mechanical response and change law of the ballast bed with different degrees of contamination. Studies have shown that after the ballast bed is contaminated, its lateral resistance and vertical support stiffness are reduced, the amount of settlement increases, the coordination number between ballasts is declined, and the fine-grained dirty material has a worse effect on the ballast bed; The displacement value of the ballast particles decreases with the increase of the depth of the ballast bed; The displacement value of the ballast particles under the rail is the largest, and the ballast particles on the ballast shoulder appear dilatancy; The displacement of the ballast particles at the laterally symmetrical position of the track structure is close to but not completely same; Dirty materials aggravate the frequency of ballast particles, and the impact of fine-particle coal powder is particularly significant.
Capital flows, itinerant laborers, and time: A revision of Thompson’s thesis of time and work discipline
Authors: Birth Kevin K
Published: April 2022

E. P. Thompson’s classic article “Time and Work-Discipline in Industrial Capitalism,” gives an incomplete picture of the transition to the time consciousness in industrial capitalism. This is for two reasons. First, by not understanding time logics of pre-industrial societies and viewing such logics as “irregular,” Thompson was unable to understand how wages were paid, and workers disciplined in a culture that used seasonally variable temporal hours in pre-industrial England. Second, with regard to industrialism, Thompson did not recognize the effects on labor of credit and a huge capital influx from the sugar trade on the emergence of manufacturing in England in the 18th century. By documenting the issues of changing ways of relating time to wage, seasonality, place, and finance, this paper argues that the increased year-round availability of capital combined with the alienation of workers from the seasonality of time in specific locations drove the shift from daywork to clock-measured wages during the Industrial Revolution, and that the adoption of clock time was a response to confusion over how day wages could be made uniform over different latitudes and during different times of year.
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Line Prevents Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Chen Kaili , Obara Hideaki , Matsubara Yumiko , Fukuda Kazumasa , Yagi Hiroshi , Ono-Uruga Yukako , Matsubara Kentaro , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: April 2022

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential in the treatment of degenerative diseases, including ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), which occurs during organ transplantation and represents the main cause of post-transplant graft dysfunction. However, MSCs have heterogeneous characteristics, and studies of MSCs therapy have shown a variety of outcomes. To establish a new effective MSCs therapy, we developed an adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cell line (ASCL) and compared its therapeutic effects on primary adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) using a hepatocyte co-culture model of hypoxia/reoxygenation in vitro and a rat model of hepatic IRI in vivo. The results showed that both ASCL and ASCs protect against hypoxia by improving hepatocyte viability, inhibiting reactive oxygen species release, and upregulating transforming growth factor-β in vitro. In vivo, ASCL or ASCs were infused into the spleen 24 h before the induction of rat hepatic IRI. The results showed that ASCL significantly improved the survival outcomes compared with the control (normal saline infusion) with the significantly decreased serum levels of liver enzymes and less damage to liver tissues compared with ASCs. Both ASCL and ASCs suppressed NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation and subsequently reduced the release of activated IL-1β and IL-18, which is considered an important mechanism underlying ASCL and ASCs infusion in hepatic IRI. In addition, ASCL can promote the release of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, which was previously reported as a key factor in hampering the inflammatory cascade during hepatic IRI. Our results suggest ASCL as a new candidate for hepatic IRI treatment due to its relatively homogeneous characteristics.
Modified mRNA-Based Vaccines Against Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Wang Aline Yen Ling
Published: April 2022

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continuously causes deaths worldwide, representing a considerable challenge to health care and economic systems with a new precedent in human history. Many therapeutic medicines primarily focused on preventing severe organ damage and complications, which can be fatal in some confirmed cases. The synthesized modified mRNA (modRNA) represents a nonviral, integration-free, zero-footprint, efficient, and safe strategy for vaccine discovery. modRNA-based technology has facilitated the rapid development of the first COVID-19 vaccines due to its cost- and time-saving properties, thus initiating a new era of prophylactic vaccines against infectious diseases. Recently, COVID-19 modRNA vaccines were approved, and a large-scale vaccination campaign began worldwide. To date, results suggest that the modRNA vaccines are highly effective against virus infection, which causes COVID-19. Although short-term studies have reported that their safety is acceptable, long-term safety and protective immunity remain unclear. In this review, we describe two major approved modRNA vaccines and discuss their potential myocarditis complications.
Efficacy of acupuncture in improving symptoms and quality of life of patients with acne vulgaris: a randomized sham acupuncture-controlled trial
Authors: Jiao Ruimin , Zhai Xu , Zhang Xuecheng , Xiong Zhiyi , Liu Zhishun
Published: April 2022

Objective:

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating the symptoms and quality of life (QoL) of patients with moderate or severe acne vulgaris (AV).

Methods:

Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 12 treatment sessions of acupuncture or sham acupuncture over 4 weeks with 24 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in the Skindex-16 scale total score at treatment completion. Secondary outcomes included Skindex-16 subscale score, Dermatology Life Quality Index scale total score, total lesion count and inflammatory lesion count, and visual analogue scale scores for itch and pain evaluation.

Results:

There was no statistically significant between-group difference for the primary outcome or any secondary outcomes after 4 weeks of treatment and at 16 and 28 weeks of follow-up, except for the Skindex-16 emotions subscale at week 4 (p = 0.026). No serious adverse events occurred in either group.

Conclusion:

Acupuncture may not effectively relieve the symptoms of patients with moderate or severe AV, or improve QoL. Given the limitations of a relatively short treatment course compared to other studies and the likelihood that sham acupuncture is not inert, further studies with treatment durations of 12 weeks or longer and a waitlist (no treatment) control or Western medicine-treated control group should be considered to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on AV.

Trial registration number:

ChiCTR-1900023649 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry)
Hyperspectral imaging for classification of bulk grain samples with deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Dreier Erik Schou , Sorensen Klavs Martin , Lund-Hansen Toke , Jespersen Birthe Møller , Pedersen Kim Steenstrup
Published: April 2022

Near Infrared hyperspectral imaging (HSI) offers a fast and non-destructive method for seed quality assessment through combining spectroscopy and imaging. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have shown to be promising tools for red-green-blue (RGB) image or spectral cereal classification. This paper describes the design and implementation of deep CNN models capable of utilizing both the spatial and spectral dimension of HSI data simultaneously for analysis of bulk grain samples with densely packed kernels. Classification of eight grain samples, including six different wheat varieties, were used as a test case. The study shows that the CNN architecture ResNet, originally designed for RGB images, can be adapted to use the full spatio-spectral dimension of the HSI data through adding a linear down sample layer prior to the conventional ResNet architecture. Using traditional spectral pre-processing methods before passing the data to the CNN does not improve the classification accuracy of the networks, while a channel-wise image standardization improves the accuracy significantly. The modified ResNet applied to the full spatio-spectral dimension has a classification accuracy of up to 99.75 ± 0.02%, outperforming both purely spectral (86.5 ± 0.1%) and purely spatial (98.70 ± 0.01%) based methods in terms of accuracy, indicating that utilizing spatio-spectral correlation can improve sample classification, but also that grain classification is primarily solved using spatial information. The findings reported in this paper demonstrate how CNN networks can be designed to leverage spatio-spectral information in hyperspectral data. The combination of HSI and spatio-spectral CNN networks shows a possible method for fast prediction of bulk grain quality parameters where both spectral and spatial properties of the grains are important.
Does It Need to be Broader or Deeper? Trade-Offs in Entrepreneurship Theorizing
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Williams Trenton A.
Published: April 2022

Given the importance of theorizing about an entrepreneurial phenomenon, we seek to highlight the common challenges of entrepreneurship papers’ theorizing and offer suggestions for how we (as a community of scholars) can address these challenges to develop more robust and impactful entrepreneurship papers to advance the entrepreneurship field. Specifically, we identify the following major reviewer comments of entrepreneurship papers regarding their scope, common features (i.e., contextualization, boundary conditions, and time considerations), and “point of view”. Elaborating on these common comments of entrepreneurship theory papers, we offer guidance on incorporating these insights when writing or reviewing entrepreneurship papers.
Safety Assessment of Hydrofluorocarbon 152a as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Burnett Christina L. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Gill Lillian J. , Heldreth Bart
Published: April 2022

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of Hydrofluorocarbon 152a, which functions as a propellant in personal care products. The Panel reviewed relevant data provided in this safety assessment, and concluded that Hydrofluorocarbon 152a is safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
Predictive Value of Increased Perioperative Heart Rate for All-Cause Mortality After Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Shurong , Lin Yanjuan , Lin Lingyu , Peng Yanchun , Chen Liangwan
Published: April 2022

Background: Accumulated studies have revealed that heart rates are associated with all-cause mortality in cardiac surgery patients, but the results remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the predictive value of increased perioperative heart rate for all-cause mortality after cardiac surgery. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases for studies from inception to October 11, 2021. Two researchers independently screened the studies. Titles, authors, publication years, and hazard ratios were extracted. We used a random-effects model to combine the HRs and 95% confidence intervals. Several subgroup analyses were conducted. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. Results: Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis of 33,849 patients and 3166 (9.4%) deaths. The HR of higher perioperative heart rates was 2.09 (95% CI 1.53–2.86, p < .001, I2 = 81%). The HR with a 10-bpm increase in preoperative heart rate was 1.19 (95% CI 1.11–1.26, p < .001, I2 = 51%). Subgroup analysis showed patients with higher preoperative heart rates had an HR of 1.88 (95% CI 1.51–2.34, p < .001, I2 = 0%), and patients with a higher postoperative heart rate had an HR of 2.29 (95% CI 1.28– 4.09, p < .0001, I2 = 91%) compared to patients with lower postoperative heart rates. Conclusion: Increased perioperative heart rate is associated with all-cause mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
The risk of hospital readmission, revision, and intra- and postoperative complications between direct anterior versus posterior approaches in primary total hip arthroplasty: a stratified meta-analysis and a probability based cost projection
Authors: Awad Mohamed E , Farley Brendan J , Mostafa Gamal , Darwiche Hussein F , Saleh Khaled J
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

This study presents stratified meta-analysis and projected cost per case analysis of direct anterior approach (DAA) versus posterior approach (PA) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) to determine the best surgical approach and guarantee hip joint longevity.

Methods:

Several online databases were searched for clinical trials comparing DAA and PA in primary THA. The stratified analysis was conducted to test for confounding and biases across the different types of included trials. The average cost and probability were used to determine projected added costs of medical and surgical management for complications.

Results:

30 clinical trials included 11,562 patients who underwent THA. Almost 50% of these patients performed DAA. As compared to PA, both non-stratified and stratified analyses demonstrated that DAA has a significant higher incidence of the overall intra- and postoperative complications (non-stratified, OR 1.64; p = 0.003) (stratified, OR 4.12; p = 0.005), nerve injury (non-stratified, OR 22.0; p  < 0.00001) (stratified, OR 0.28; p < 0.00001), higher rate of revision surgery (non-stratified; OR 1.54; p = 0.01) (stratified, OR 7.37; p = 0.006), and higher incidence of surgical wound complications (non-stratified; OR 1.67; p = 0.002) as compared to PA following primary THA. In addition, DAA demonstrated higher trends of incidence (non-statistically significant) of femur fracture (Non-stratified, OR 1.32, p = 0.10) and thrombo-embolic complications (Retrospective studies, OR 1.39, p = 0.69). However, PA demonstrated higher trends of incidence (non-statistically significant) of hip joint dislocation, as compared to DAA. (Stratified RCTs, OR 0.63, p = 0.65]. Collectively, this amounts a $421,068.68 surplus in DAA complication costs.

Conclusions:

PA may provide a more lucrative, safer approach to those undergoing THA given its comparable postoperative outcomes, reduced complication rates, and lower overall cost relative to DAA.
The 45-year evolution of the Mathys RM monoblock cups: have the paradigm shifts been worthwhile?
Authors: Foxall-Smith Michael , Wyatt Michael C , Frampton Christopher , Kieser David , Hooper Gary
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

The Robert Mathys (RM) monoblock uncemented cup is a design less commonly used in primary total hip replacement. It’s purported advantages over modular cemented cups are: (1) its modulus of elasticity approximating bone, thus mimicking load transmission and the biomechanical behaviour of the cup to better match stresses on the acetabulum, leading to bone-preservation; and (2) as a 1-piece cup there is absence of a mobile interface between a liner and shell, preventing backside wear. Since its inception in 1983 there have been 3 major design changes: the RM Classic, the RM Pressfit, and the RM Vitamys with the most modern polyethylene (vitamin E).

Methods:

In a retrospective cohort study of the New Zealand Joint Registry, all designs of RM acetabular cup were reviewed. Data were included from1998 to 2018. All-cause revision rates, reasons for revision and the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) were assessed.

Results:

In total 13,272 acetabular cups were included. The all-cause revision rates did not differ between the designs. Revision rates for aseptic loosening in the RM Vitamys were lower, but the follow-up was shorter and more larger heads were used. There was no difference in the OHS.

Conclusion:

All implant designs were safe. The use of larger heads led to a decrease in revisions due to dislocation. It has to be waited out whether the RM Vitamys performs superior in the long-term due to the highly cross-linked polyethylene.
Multiple Complex Complications After Redo Bariatric Surgery (Infrequent Complication: Fistula Between the Splenic Artery and the Remnant of the Stomach): A Case Report
Authors: Abdolhosseini Mohammadreza , Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush Arsh , Parhizgar Parynaz , Tavallaei Mehdi
Published: April 2022

With the epidemic prevalence of obesity in today’s society, bariatric surgery has become very popular in treating severe obesity. Although the complications of this surgery have decreased with the advancement of medicine and post-treatment care, there are still complications that can lead to death if neglected. In this case report, we present a 44-year-old patient who underwent redo bariatric surgery. She was discharged from the hospital in good general condition but returned a few days later with a major complaint of abdominal pain and sudden bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. After performing CT and endoscopy and considering the results, the patient underwent laparotomy, which showed a fistula between the splenic artery and the remnant of the stomach. After surgery and after the recovery period, the patient was discharged from the hospital. In this case report, we describe for the first time an uncommon and unique complication following redo bariatric surgery. We suggest that a fistula between the splenic artery and the remnant of the stomach should be considered in patients with abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal bleeding who underwent redo bariatric surgery.
A Very Rare Case of Isolated Spontaneous Pneumopericardium Secondary to COVID-19
Authors: Shakerian Behnam , Jebelli Mohammad , Mandegar Mohammad Hossein
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is currently a pandemic. In addition to respiratory symptoms, involvement of other organs such as the pericardium is also seen. Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 patients has rarely been reported. Isolated pneumopericardium without pneumomediastinum is even more uncommon. We described a case of COVID-19 in association with pneumopericardium. To the best of our knowledge, no case with isolated pneumopericardium has been reported thus far.
Investigation on ballistic behaviour of friction stir welded rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy
Authors: Dharani Kumar S , Magarajan U , Kumar Saurabh S
Published: April 2022

In this paper, an attempt was made to study the ballistic resistance of Friction Stir Welded (FSW) AZ31B magnesium alloy. The base metal AZ31B plates were sliced to required size and FSW was carried out using a non-consumable taper pin tool made up of HCHCr steel. Samples were taken out from the FSW plates to study the microstructure and microhardness. The FSW AZ31B contain refined grains and tiny Mg17Al12 precipitates which were formed because of severe plastic deformation during FSW. The FSW AZ31B targets also showed ∼7.47% increase in microhardness compared to BM target. Further, ballistic test was conducted by impacting Ø7.62 × 39 mm hard steel core projectiles at an initial velocity of 420 m/s. AA6062 material of 25 mm was used as backing plate to measure the Depth of Penetration (DOP) of the projectile. The failure mechanism and the ballistic resistance of BM and FSW AZ31B samples were studied and compared. Finally, post ballistic analysis was made to study the failure modes of the target at microscopic level. Through various experimental results, it was identified that the increase in ballistic resistance of FSW AZ31B target was mainly due to two reasons; the refinement of grain size and small strengthening precipitates.
Measurement equivalence in probability and nonprobability online panels
Authors: Einarsson Hafsteinn , Sakshaug Joseph W , Cernat Alexandru , Cornesse Carina , Blom Annelies G
Published: April 2022

Nonprobability online panels are commonly used in the social sciences as a fast and inexpensive way of collecting data in contrast to more expensive probability-based panels. Given their ubiquitous use in social science research, a great deal of research is being undertaken to assess the properties of nonprobability panels relative to probability ones. Much of this research focuses on selection bias, however, there is considerably less research assessing the comparability (or equivalence) of measurements collected from respondents in nonprobability and probability panels. This article contributes to addressing this research gap by testing whether measurement equivalence holds between multiple probability and nonprobability online panels in Australia and Germany. Using equivalence testing in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis framework, we assessed measurement equivalence in six multi-item scales (three in each country). We found significant measurement differences between probability and nonprobability panels and within them, even after weighting by demographic variables. These results suggest that combining or comparing multi-item scale data from different sources should be done with caution. We conclude with a discussion of the possible causes of these findings, their implications for survey research, and some guidance for data users.
The experience of lived body as expressed by people with dementia: A systematic meta-synthesis
Authors: Eriksen Siren , Grov Ellen K. , Ibsen Tanja L. , Mork Rokstad Anne M. , Telenius Elisabeth W.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

People with dementia undergo extensive bodily changes during the course of dementia. Even though this is largely unrecognised in the literature, these changes greatly impact on the persons’ experiences of living with dementia. Consequently, health care professionals and family caregivers need to be aware of the implications this has for delivering care to people with dementia. Hence, a systematic review that synthesises the knowledge on this topic is called for.

Method

This article presents a qualitative systematic meta-synthesis of interview studies with people with dementia. The theoretical framework of lifeworlds by van Manen provided the context for the study. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program criteria for qualitative studies were used to appraise the studies. Thirty-nine qualitative research studies were included in the review. The analysis followed the principles of interpretive synthesis.

Findings

When exploring people’s experiences of their body when living with dementia, four categories emerge: (1) My body works; (2) My body betrays me; (3) Understanding and adapting to my body’s changes; and (4) My body in relation to others.

Discussion/Conclusion

Every individual has their own personal experience of living with dementia; however, if health professionals fail to regard the body as more than an object, this may lead to the person’s alienation both from the relation and from the body. The lived body experience has relational aspects as people with dementia are aware that others observe them, and they also observe others. Others’ behaviour may affect the person’s experience of body; one can perceive oneself as approved or denounced. People with dementia describe that a body that is capable and strong gives access to the world and to participation.
Ultrasonic assisted machining of gears with enhanced fatigue resistance: A comprehensive review
Authors: Li Guangxi , Bie Wenbo , Zhao Bo , Chen Fan , Zhao Chongyang , Zhang Yuemin
Published: April 2022

In recent years, ultrasonic-assisted machining (UAM) has been widely implemented to improve the performance and element quality of machined products. This paper comprehensively reviews the ultrasonic vibration effects on such ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UVA) processes as hobbing (UVAH), lapping (UVAL), electrochemical gear machining (UVAEGM), honing (UVAH), and grinding (UVAG), respectively. Compared with the conventional machining, the UAM significantly reduced the surface roughness, improved the surface microstructure, and quality. Considering the UAM applications surface modification and surface strengthening, the available technologies of ultrasonic impact, ultrasonic shot peening, and ultrasonic deep rolling were analyzed for gears and similar components. It was concluded that the surface was strengthened under UAM through introducing the high-amplitude and large-depth residual compressive stresses, restraining crack propagation to a certain extent, and improving the gear fatigue resistance. Finally, the ultrasonic machining effect on gear fatigue resistance was theoretically substantiated from the ultrasonic vibration system and surface integrity standpoints. This review aims to optimize the application of ultrasonic-assisted machining, in order to produce gears with enhanced fatigue resistance and surface integrity.
Justice for Incarcerated Moms Act of 2021: Reflections and recommendations
Authors: Shlafer Rebecca J , Gerrity Erica , Norris Chauntel , Freeman-Cook Rachel , B Sufrin Carolyn
Published: April 2022

In the last five decades, the number of women behind bars in the United States has risen exponentially. It is now estimated that there are nearly 58,000 admissions of pregnant people—disproportionately women of color—to jails and prisons each year. Recognizing the urgency and consequences of mass incarceration on pregnant people, their families, and communities, House Resolution 948: Justice for Incarcerated Moms Act of 2021 was introduced to Congress as a part of the Black Maternal Health Momnibus. The Justice for Incarcerated Moms Act aims to improve health care and promote dignity for incarcerated pregnant and parenting people through an array of policies and oversight. In this article, we review and reflect on the components of this bill within their broader public health and reproductive justice contexts. We close with recommendations for policymakers and professionals committed to promoting equity and justice for pregnant and postpartum incarcerated people.
A new protocol for synthesizing diarylmethanes using a benzyltitanium reagent as a nucleophile
Authors: Zhang He
Published: April 2022

The first palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of various substituted benzyltitaniums with aryl triflates is presented for the synthesis of diarylmethanes in yields of up to 94% through highly selective C–O bond functionalization. The benzyltitaniums act as nucleophiles to realize the C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross-coupling with high efficiency in short reaction times. The reactions proceed at 60°C and show excellent functional groups tolerance.
Coercion in intensive care, an insufficiently explored issue—a scoping review of qualitative narratives of patient’s experiences
Authors: Joebges Susanne , Mouton-Dorey Corine , Ricou Bara , Biller-Andorno Nikola
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The use of coercion, in a clinical context as imposing a measure against a patient’s opposition or declared will, can occur in various forms in intensive care units (ICU). One prime example of a formal coercive measure in the ICU is the use of restraints, which are applied for patients’ own safety. Through a database search, we sought to evaluate patient experiences related to coercive measures.

Results

For this scoping review, clinical databases were searched for qualitative studies. A total of nine were identified that fulfilled the inclusion and the CASP criteria. Common themes emerging from the studies on patient experiences included communication issues, delirium, and emotional reactions. Statements from patients revealed feelings of compromised autonomy and dignity that came with a loss of control. Physical restraints were only one concrete manifestation of formal coercion as perceived by patients in the ICU setting.

Conclusion

There are few qualitative studies focusing on patient experiences of formal coercive measures in the ICU. In addition to the experience of restricted physical movement, the perception of loss of control, loss of dignity, and loss of autonomy suggests that restraining measures are just one element in a setting that may be perceived as informal coercion.
Validating a Semi-Automated Technique for Segmenting Femoral Articular Cartilage on Ultrasound Images
Authors: Harkey Matthew S. , Michel Nicholas , Kuenze Christopher , Fajardo Ryan , Salzler Matt , Driban Jeffrey B. , Hacihaliloglu Ilker
Published: April 2022

Objective

To validate a semi-automated technique to segment ultrasound-assessed femoral cartilage without compromising segmentation accuracy to a traditional manual segmentation technique in participants with an anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL).

Design

We recruited 27 participants with a primary unilateral ACL injury at a pre-operative clinic visit. One investigator performed a transverse suprapatellar ultrasound scan with the participant’s ACL injured knee in maximum flexion. Three femoral cartilage ultrasound images were recorded. A single expert reader manually segmented the femoral cartilage cross-sectional area in each image. In addition, we created a semi-automatic program to segment the cartilage using a random walker-based method. We quantified the average cartilage thickness and echo-intensity for the manual and semi-automated segmentations. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,k) and Bland-Altman plots were used to validate the semi-automated technique to the manual segmentation for assessing average cartilage thickness and echo-intensity. A dice correlation coefficient was used to quantify the overlap between the segmentations created with the semi-automated and manual techniques.

Results

For average cartilage thickness, there was excellent reliability (ICC2,k = 0.99) and a small mean difference (+0.8%) between the manual and semi-automated segmentations. For average echo-intensity, there was excellent reliability (ICC2,k = 0.97) and a small mean difference (−2.5%) between the manual and semi-automated segmentations. The average dice correlation coefficient between the manual segmentation and semi-automated segmentation was 0.90, indicating high overlap between techniques.

Conclusions

Our novel semi-automated segmentation technique is a valid method that requires less technical expertise and time than manual segmentation in patients after ACL injury.
Pediatric pathological subtrochanteric fracture treated with an adult proximal humerus polyaxial locking plate: A case report
Authors: Tsutsumi Ryosuke , Mammoto Takeo
Published: April 2022

Pediatric subtrochanteric fractures are relatively rare. There are some surgical options with various plate techniques. Here, we report the first description of a pediatric pathological subtrochanteric fracture treated with an adult proximal humerus polyaxial locking plate and describe the good clinical outcomes achieved. A 10-year-old boy had a pathological subtrochanteric fracture. A non-contact bridging proximal humerus osteosynthesis plate was used. Although this is designed for the adult proximal humerus, its size and shape were considered to fit the pediatric proximal femur. In addition, this is a polyaxial locking plate with a choice of screw insertion directions. During surgery, it was possible to determine an appropriate plate installation position and screw direction in consideration of the location of pathological lesions, the bone shape, and the femoral neck angle. Twelve months postoperatively, the fracture was healed, and pathological lesion consolidated without obvious growth failure.
Incidence, management and treatment outcomes of renal malignancy in a post-transplant recipient at a tertiary care centre: A 16-year experience
Authors: Manasa T , Meyyappan Vivek , Sandeep Puvvada , Mylarappa Prasad , Ramesh D , Jayakumar Vivek , Penmetsa Gowtham Krishna
Published: April 2022

Introduction and Objective:

Although the incidence of malignancy in renal transplant recipients is on the rise owing to boom in the post-transplant immunosuppressive therapy, there is paucity of literature regarding their reporting and management. In this study, we report the incidence of de novo renal malignancies, post-renal transplantation at our centre over a 16-year period and discuss their management.

Methods:

All patients who underwent renal transplantation at our department between March 2004 and February 2020 were included and retrospectively reviewed. We analysed the incidence of renal malignancy both in the native kidney and the graft, histological subtype, time to and type of treatment.

Results:

A total of 376 patients underwent renal transplantation. Mean age of recipients was 48.2 and 52.15 years among those who developed cancer. 13 (2.93%) of 376 recipients developed urogenital malignancy, of whom 8 had renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in their native kidneys and 1 in the allograft. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of renal pelvis was noted in three patients with one concomitant TCC of bladder. No treatment-related graft losses occurred in the native kidney malignancy. Patients with RCC underwent nephrectomy while TCC of renal pelvis underwent nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision. Transurethral resection was done for bladder tumour. All patients were followed up as per standard protocol.

Conclusion:

A rise in urological post-transplant malignancies mandates regular surveillance after renal transplantation to ensure early detection of de novo malignancies and early initiation of treatment. Goal should be to minimise adverse graft outcomes with no compromise on oncological outcomes.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable
Coxofemoral luxation as a complication of localised tetanus in a cat
Authors: Danciu Cecilia-Gabriella , Milgram Joshua , Ober Ciprian Andrei , Tăbăran Flaviu Alexandru , Demény Helga , Chai Orit
Published: April 2022

Case summary

A 9-month-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented 2 weeks after castration with a 48 h history of acute-onset lateral recumbency and severe hindlimb rigidity. Physical examination findings included hyperthermia, tachypnoea, hindlimb rigidity and a healed orchidectomy site. Neurological examination of the head and forelimbs was normal; however, there was a spastic, non-ambulatory paraparesis of the hindlimbs, which was more severe on the left. Abnormal findings included mildly elevated serum creatine kinase levels and on electromyography there was bilateral pathological spontaneous activity of the biceps femoris muscles. A tentative diagnosis of tetanus was made based on clinical presentation. Treatment was initiated with tetanus antitoxin, diazepam, metronidazole, buprenorphine and physiotherapy of the hindlimbs. There was an improvement over the following 20 days. Twenty-five days later the cat presented with acute, painful, non-weightbearing lameness of the left hindlimb. Physical examination was suggestive of craniodorsal coxofemoral joint luxation, which was confirmed radiographically. This was treated with analgesia and rest. A marked clinical improvement was observed at the 3-month follow-up.

Relevance and novel information

To our knowledge, there have been no previously published reports of spontaneous coxofemoral joint luxation as a complication of hindlimb localised tetanus infection in cats. This report suggests that coxofemoral luxation should be considered as a possible complication in young cats with hindlimb localised tetanus.
Trauma Informed Care: Trafficking Out-Comes (TIC TOC Study)
Authors: Chambers Ronald , Greenbaum Jordan , Cox Jennifer , Galvan Terri
Published: April 2022

Background:

Little is known about the impact of trauma-informed primary healthcare on recovery from human trafficking, or individual characteristics associated with successful participation in community services.

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy of a trauma-informed family medicine clinic, the Medical Safe Haven (“MSH”), in facilitating success in a community-based anti-trafficking victim service program, Community Against Sexual Harm (“CASH”), and to identify participant characteristics associated with successful CASH completion.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of data from 57 adult females participating in the CASH program, 37 of whom received care at MSH. We examined differences in descriptive statistics between those who completed the CASH program and those who did not; then conducted logistic and linear regressions testing the association between MSH care and CASH program outcomes. Survival analysis models examined the time to CASH program drop-out (program incompletion).

Results:

Odds of successful CASH completion increased by a factor of 5.37 for MSH patients compared to other participants. This association strengthened with increases in the duration of MSH care and degree of patient engagement. The positive association of MSH care on program completion was mediated by the length of program participation. The extended length of participation among MSH patients was even stronger when those patients were in a stable and independent housing situation. The risk of program incompletion was 68% lower for MSH patients compared to other participants.

Conclusions:

Adults who experience human trafficking and receive healthcare at MSH are significantly more likely to successfully complete the CASH program than those who do not receive healthcare or who use alternative health systems. Study findings argue for the importance of consistent, trauma-informed longitudinal healthcare for trafficked persons.
A Hybrid Multiple-Attribute Decision-Making Model for Evaluating the Esthetic Expression of Environmental Design Schemes
Authors: Zhu Bo-Wei , Xiao Ying He , Zheng Wei-Quan , Xiong Lei , He Xia Yun , Zheng Jian-Yi , Chuang Yen-Ching
Published: April 2022

A built environment with high-quality esthetic expression can positively contribute to key agendas of urban development. Environmental design is the design of physical environments that mainly respond to people’s behavioral needs and sensory preferences based on environment–behavior relations. Practitioners in this industry often work on esthetic quality improvement. Although previous studies have provided valuable knowledge about important elements of built environment esthetic expression, limited research efforts have been devoted to building a systematic framework that comprises key evaluation elements with high local adaptability and the influence relationships among them. The standards and preferences of esthetic expression in environmental design scheme evaluation are context-based. Providing an effective way to clarify evaluation elements with high local adaptability and the relationships among them may help reduce ambiguity, enhance consensus, and increase efficiency in the decision-making process. Therefore, this study adopted the esthetic expression evaluation of environmental design in China as an example and produced a hybrid decision analysis model by integrating the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method to evaluate the esthetic expression of environmental design schemes. A hierarchical evaluation framework composed of 5 dimensions and 18 evaluation elements was constructed in this study. The key design elements under each dimension and the influence relationships among them were also identified. This paper offers insights into the theoretical investigation and practical development of a systematic evaluation of the esthetic expression of environmental design schemes.
Person–Organisation Fit and Occupation Selection in Bangladesh: A Study on Bangladesh Civil Service Applicants
Authors: Chowdhury Md Sohel , Kang Dae-seok
Published: April 2022

Using the tenets of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study aims to investigate the role of person–organisation (P–O) fit in predicting the job-seeking intentions of university graduates in Bangladesh. There is a lack of adequate research into the theoretical phenomenon in career-related literature, especially in light of inconsistent findings for the suggested relationships under the TPB framework. This may be one of the pioneer studies that examines the role of perceived P–O fit in the association between the TPB core constructs (i.e., subjective norms, self-efficacy and attitudes) and job-seeking intentions. Based on data collected from 239 unemployed university graduates in Bangladesh, this article examines the hypothesised relationships among the study variables with structural equation modelling. The results indicated that P–O fit significantly predicted job-seeking intentions, both directly and indirectly, through the influence of attitudes. Additionally, attitudes partially mediated the association between self-efficacy and job-seeking intentions. Notably, although subjective norms could not influence job-seeking intentions, the boundary conditions of P–O fit perceptions on the relationship between subjective norms and job-seeking intentions appeared significant. Based on the findings, there is a discussion of practical implications for career counsellors and recruitment policymakers. Finally, the study’s limitations and possible research directions are highlighted.
‘It was brutal. It still is’: a qualitative analysis of the challenges of bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic reported in two national surveys
Authors: Torrens-Burton Anna , Goss Silvia , Sutton Eileen , Barawi Kali , Longo Mirella , Seddon Kathy , Carduff Emma , Farnell Damian J.J. , Nelson Annmarie , Byrne Anthony , Phillips Rhiannon , Selman Lucy E. , Harrop Emily
Published: April 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a devastating, mass bereavement event characterised by high levels of disruption to end-of-life, grieving and coping processes. Quantitative evidence is emerging on the effects of the pandemic on grief outcomes, but rich qualitative evidence on the lived experiences of people bereaved during these times is lacking.

Methods:

We analysed qualitative data from two independent UK-wide online surveys to describe the experiences of 881 people bereaved during the pandemic. We analysed the data in two phases, conducting an inductive thematic analysis and then applying Stroebe and Schut’s Dual Process Model (DPM) and concepts of loss-oriented and restoration-oriented coping (1999; 2010) as an analytic lens to further contextualise and interpret the data.

Results:

We identified six main themes: troubled deaths; mourning, memorialisation and death administration; mass bereavement, the media and the ongoing threat of the pandemic; grieving and coping; work and employment; and support from the health and social care system. Examples of loss-oriented stressors included being unable to visit and say goodbye at the end of life and restricted funeral and memorialisation practices. Associated reactions were feelings of guilt, anger, and problems accepting the death and beginning to grieve. Examples of restoration-oriented stressors and reactions were severely curtailed support-systems and social/recreational activities, which impacted people’s ability to cope.

Conclusion:

Study results demonstrate the exceptionally difficult sets of experiences associated with pandemic bereavement, and the utility of the DPM for conceptualising these additional challenges and their impacts on grieving. Our analysis builds and expands on previous use of the DPM in explicating the impact of the pandemic on bereavement. We make recommendations for statutory, private and third sector organisations for improving the experiences of people bereaved during and following this and future pandemics.