bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones in the Konkan Region Using Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Kale Aniket A. , Thokal R. T. , Ingle P. M. , Bhange H. N. , Meshram N. A. , Salvi Akanksha D. , Lokhande Mrunalini
Published: September 2024

Groundwater is considered as the major and secure the source of water supply all over the world and it is a precious natural resource. As populations grow and surface water sources become increasingly strained or contaminated, the reliance on groundwater intensifies. This study was conducted to assess the groundwater potential zones across Konkan region, Maharashtra, India for the future sustainable water resource development in the region. To spatially identified the groundwater potential zones using integrated Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Several influencing factors such as geology, geomorphology, rainfall, soil, slope, groundwater depth, land use land cover and lineament density are assessed individually. All the factors and their features have been assigned weights according to their relative importance and their normalized weights were calculated using Analytical Hierarchy Process. Groundwater potential zone map has been prepared through weighted sum model in GIS environment after integrating all the thematic layers. The entire region has been classified into five different groundwater potential zones viz., Very Good, Good, Moderate, Poor and Very Poor. A major part of the region was found about 44.19% in moderate groundwater potential zones followed by poor groundwater potential zones 27.23%. The good zones also contribute 19.82% area of the region, as well as the very poor zones contributes 4.43% area of the region. Least area found in the very good potential zones which is about 4.33%. Therefore, the high area coverage of groundwater potential zones, ranging from moderate to very good, provides critical insights for sustainable groundwater management and planning in the Konkan region.
Grain Appearance Quality of Parental and \(F_2\) Segregating Populations of Aus Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Sarna S. G. , Ahmad Ekhlaque , Kadaru Suresh , Islam A. K. M. Aminul
Published: September 2024

Longer grain length with smaller grain breadth, length-breadth ratio and 1000-grain weight is considered desirable character for the development of fine grain premium quality rice. In the present experiment, grain appearance quality of 15 F2 families and 10 parental genotypes were determined to select fine grain rice. The maximum mean value for thousand seed weight was found from the genotypes P2 (29.32g), P1 (28.89g), and F2 generations of P2 x P5 (32.77g), P2 x P1 (27.30g), P1 x P4 (26.04g) and were considered as high yielders in terms of grain weight. The highest mean values for grain length were found from the genotypes P6 (9.95 mm; grain breadth 2.23 mm), P7 (9.36 mm; grain breadth 2.62 mm), and F2 generations of P6 x P7 (9.46 mm; grain breadth 2.44 mm), P3 x P6 (9.40 mm; grain breadth 2.18 mm), P7 x P6 (9.37 mm; grain breadth 2.29 mm), P7 x P3 (9.36 mm; grain breadth 2.33 mm). The F2 progenies of the cross P1 x P4 (7.79 to 11.61 mm) and P6 x P3 (7.69 to 11.11 mm) showed extremes performance for grain length indicating transgressive segregation for this trait. The superior genotypes with desirable grain characters could be selected from transgressive segregation of F2 families for the development of new varieties of fine grain rice.
Frequency of ABO, Rh and Kell Blood Group among Blood Donors in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
Authors: Angounda Brunel M , Mokono Serge O , Niama Fabien R , BISSEYOU Durgha BM , Boukatou Geneviève B , Nguimbi Etienne
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Blood group antigens play an essential role in transfusion safety and in avoiding the risk of alloimmunization. The ABO, Rh and Kell blood group systems are the most clinically important. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of ABO, Rh and Kell blood groups among blood donors in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among blood donors in Brazzaville, republic of Congo, from June 2021 to November 2022. The blood samples were tested for ABO, Rh and Kell antigens by standard tube agglutination method. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0.
Results: A total of 350 participants were included, of which 258(73.7%) of donors were males and 92 (26.3%) females. The antigen frequencies of ABO and Rh(D) blood group system showed that O was the most prevalent blood group 46.8% followed by A (28.9%), B (16.9%), and AB (7.4%). The Rh-positive donors were more prevalent (94.86%) as oppose to the Rh-negative (5.14%). The most common Rh phenotype is the Dccee (64.86%) while the rarest phenotype is the dCcee (0.86%). The prevalence of K and k antigen was 0.9% and 99.1%, respectively.
Conclusion: This study determined the phenotypic variability of ABO and Rh blood group antigens with low prevalence of Kell antigen. The extensive phenotypic status of Rh and Kell systems in blood donors is important for the efficient management of blood banks and transfusion services.
Effect of Sowing Methods, Weed Management and Growth Promoters on Yield and Quality Behavior of Kharif Maize (Zea mays L)
Authors: Bhayankar  , Pyare Ram , Kumar Sanjiv , Siddiqui M.Z. , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Pradeep , Ranjan Abhishek Raj , Kumar Shravan , Bharti Shankar Dayal , Deepu
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was carried out during two consecutive kharif season in years 2022 and 2023 at students. Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U. P). The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design keeping sowing methods in main plot and weed management practices in sub plots with growth promoters in sub – sub plots with three replications. There was two sowing methods viz; Conventional methods (S1) and Ridge methods (S2). Whereas weed management practices were five, viz; Weed Free (W1), Weedy Check (W2), Atrazine Pre-emergence @ 1.25 Kg /ha (W3), Halosulfuron methyl Post-emergence @ 65g a.i./ha (W4), Atrazine Pre-emergence @ 0.75 l/ha + Halosulfuron methyl Post-emergence @ 35g ai./ha (W5). and there was Growth promoters’ practices were three viz; Gibberellic acid (Sayish) (G1), Amino acid + Humic acid (Spring ever) (G2), Cytokinins + Enzymes (Ambition) (G3). The experiment was shown on 10th July during 2022 and 13rd July during 2023 using hybrid maize DKC-9144. The crop was harvested at full ripe stage on 11 October and 14 October, in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The highest grain yield, biological yield, stower yield, harvesting index, protein content and protein yield was found under the treatment of S2 (Ridge method) in sowing method, treatment W2 (weed free) in weed control methods and treatment G3 (Cytokinins + Enzymes) in plant growth promotor.
Influence of Aloe Vera Gel on Germination and Early Growth of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Seedlings in the Nursery
Authors: René Noufé Pépé , Charlotte Tonessia Dolou , Faustin Soko Dago , Francis Soumahin Eric , Désiré N’goran Koffi , Selastique Akaffou Doffou
Published: September 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) nursery production often relies heavily on chemical inputs to ensure vigorous seedling growth, which may have environmental and economic drawbacks. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Aloe vera gel as a natural alternative to chemical treatments for improving germination and early seedling growth of Cobra 26 tomato seeds. The study used a factorial block design to compare the effects of seed treatments (Aloe vera gel coating, mancozeb, and untreated control) and substrate types (unfertilised topsoil, NPK-fertilised topsoil, and Aloe vera gel mixed with topsoil) on seed germination and seedling growth over three nursery cycles. Seeds coated with Aloe vera gel demonstrated the highest germination rate (90.53%) and fastest germination time (3 days), outperforming both mancozeb-treated and control seeds in germination kinetics. Growth parameters such as seedling height and leaf number were significantly influenced by substrate type (p<0.03), with no notable differences between NPK and Aloe vera-treated substrates.
The study suggests that Aloe vera gel, both as a seed coating and soil additive, offers a promising, eco-friendly alternative to chemical treatments, enhancing seed germination and early seedling growth in tomatoes
Polymer Blends
Authors: Bussink Jan , van de Grampel Hendrik T. , Weber Martin
Published: January 2017

The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Market Requirements3.Blend Technologies3.1.Thermodynamics3.2.Compatibility3.3.Compounding3.4.Reactive Compounding3.5.Mechanical Properties3.6.Additives4.Property and Application Profiles of Selected Blends4.1.Polyolefins4.2.Poly(Vinyl Chloride)4.3.Styrene Polymers and Copolymers4.4.Polyamides4.5.Poly(2,6‐Dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene Ether)4.6.Polycarbonates4.7.Polyesters4.8.Polyetherimides4.9.Polysulfones4.10.Polyoxymethylenes4.11.Polyarylates and Copolyarylate–Carbonate Blends4.12.LC‐Polyesters in Blends4.13.Poly(Phenylene Sulfide)5.General Application Technology5.1.Processing of Blends5.2.Design Technology6.Future Developments6.1.Recycling6.2.Blends from Biopolymers6.3.New Developments6.4.Outlook
U‐Pb and Hf‐W dating of young zircon in mesosiderite Asuka 882023
Authors: Koike M. , Sugiura N. , Takahata N. , Ishida A. , Sano Y.
Published: January 2017

Mesosiderites are unique stony‐iron meteorites, composed of eucrite‐like silicates and Fe‐Ni metals. Their formation, including silicate‐metal mixing and metamorphisms, provides important insights into early planetary processes in the inner solar system. This report describes the first in situ U‐Pb and Hf‐W dating of zircon in a mesosiderite Asuka 882023. The U‐Pb (4502 ± 75 Ma) and Hf‐W (4532.8 + 5.7/−10.5 Ma) ages may represent timing of the zircon formation, which is considerably younger than crustal differentiation of the parent body. This evidence, combined with earlier studies of chronology, implies that mesosiderites were reheated at 4530–4520 Ma, clearly after the silicate‐metal mixing.
Methodology to create a new total solar irradiance record: Making a composite out of multiple data records
Authors: Dudok de Wit Thierry , Kopp Greg , Fröhlich Claus , Schöll Micha
Published: January 2017

Many observational records critically rely on our ability to merge different (and not necessarily overlapping) observations into a single composite. We provide a novel and fully traceable approach for doing so, which relies on a multiscale maximum likelihood estimator. This approach overcomes the problem of data gaps in a natural way and uses data‐driven estimates of the uncertainties. We apply it to the total solar irradiance (TSI) composite, which is currently being revised and is critical to our understanding of solar radiative forcing. While the final composite is pending decisions on what corrections to apply to the original observations, we find that the new composite is in closest agreement with the PMOD composite and the NRLTSI2 model. In addition, we evaluate long‐term uncertainties in the TSI, which reveal a 1/f scaling.
Source of the low‐altitude hiss in the ionosphere
Authors: Chen Lunjin , Santolík Ondrej , Hajoš Mychajlo , Zheng Liheng , Zhima Zeren , Heelis Roderick , Hanzelka Miroslav , Horne Richard B. , Parrot Michel
Published: January 2017

We analyze the propagation properties of low‐altitude hiss emission in the ionosphere observed by DEMETER (Detection of Electromagnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions). There exist two types of low‐altitude hiss: type I emission at high latitude is characterized by vertically downward propagation and broadband spectra, while type II emission at low latitude is featured with equatorward propagation and a narrower frequency band above ∼fcH+. Our ray tracing simulation demonstrates that both types of the low‐altitude hiss at different latitude are connected and they originate from plasmaspheric hiss and in part chorus emission. Type I emission represents magnetospheric whistler emission that accesses the ionosphere. Equatorward propagation associated with type II emission is a consequence of wave trapping mechanisms in the ionosphere. Two different wave trapping mechanisms are identified to explain the equatorial propagation of Type II emission; one is associated with the proximity of wave frequency and local proton cyclotron frequency, while the other occurs near the ionospheric density peak.
Radio occultations of the Io plasma torus by Juno are feasible
Authors: Phipps Phillip H. , Withers Paul
Published: January 2017

The flow of material from Io's volcanoes into the Io plasma torus, out into the magnetosphere, and along field lines into Jupiter's upper atmosphere is not adequately understood. The lack of observations of spatial and temporal variations in the Io plasma torus impedes attempts to understand the system as a whole. Here we propose that radio occultations of the Io plasma torus by the Juno spacecraft can measure plasma densities in the Io plasma torus. We find that the line‐of‐sight column density of plasma in each of the three regions of the Io plasma torus (cold torus, ribbon, and warm torus) can be measured with uncertainties of 10%. We also find that scale heights describing the spatial variation in plasma density in each of these three regions can be measured with similar uncertainties. Such observations will be sufficiently accurate to support system‐scale studies of the flow of plasma through the magnetosphere of Jupiter.
Alfvén waves in the auroral region, their Poynting flux, and reflection coefficient as estimated from Swarm observations
Authors: Park Jaeheung , Lühr Hermann , Knudsen David J. , Burchill Jonathan K. , Kwak Young‐Sil
Published: January 2017

The European Space Agency's Swarm constellation can measure electric field, magnetic field, and plasma density on board multiple satellites at altitudes of about 500 km. Based on the data set at high latitudes, we estimate Poynting flux and ionospheric reflection coefficients of Alfvén waves with scale sizes of about 10–100 km. The reflection coefficients are generally higher surrounding the cusp and auroral regions than in the polar cap and higher in the summer than in the winter hemisphere. In the summer (winter) hemisphere the reflection coefficients generally peak on the dayside (nightside). Distributions of the reflection coefficients are not controlled by those of in situ plasma density. Poynting flux of the Alfvén waves maximizes surrounding the cusp and near‐midnight auroral region with magnitudes approaching 1 mW/m2, which are consistent with previous magnetospheric observations. The observed Poynting flux is downward on average for both hemispheres, and the magnitudes do not exhibit clear hemispheric asymmetry.
Evaluation of the multi‐angle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) aerosol algorithm through intercomparison with VIIRS aerosol products and AERONET
Authors: Superczynski Stephen D. , Kondragunta Shobha , Lyapustin Alexei I.
Published: January 2017

The multi‐angle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) algorithm is under evaluation for use in conjunction with the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events mission. Column aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data from MAIAC are compared against corresponding data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument over North America during 2013. Product coverage and retrieval strategy, along with regional variations in AOT through comparison of both matched and unmatched seasonally gridded data, are reviewed. MAIAC shows extended coverage over parts of the continent when compared to VIIRS, owing to its pixel selection process and ability to retrieve aerosol information over brighter surfaces. To estimate data accuracy, both products are compared with Aerosol Robotic Network level 2 measurements to determine the amount of error present and discover if there is any dependency on viewing geometry and/or surface characteristics. Results suggest that MAIAC performs well over this region with a relatively small bias of −0.01; however, there is a tendency for greater negative biases over bright surfaces and at larger scattering angles. Additional analysis over an expanded area and longer time period are likely needed to determine a comprehensive assessment of the products' capability over the Western Hemisphere.
Controls on solute concentration‐discharge relationships revealed by simultaneous hydrochemistry observations of hillslope runoff and stream flow: The importance of critical zone structure
Authors: Kim Hyojin , Dietrich William E. , Thurnhoffer Benjamin M. , Bishop Jim K. B. , Fung Inez Y.
Published: January 2017

We investigated controls on concentration‐discharge relationships of a catchment underlain by argillite by monitoring both groundwater along a hillslope transect and stream chemistry. Samples were collected at 1–3 day intervals over 4 years (2009–2013) in Elder Creek in the Eel River Critical Zone Observatory in California. Runoff at our study hillslope is driven by vadose zone flux through deeply weathered argillite (5–25 m thick) to a perched, seasonally dynamic groundwater that then drains to Elder Creek. Low flow derives from the slowly draining deepest perched groundwater that reaches equilibrium between primary and secondary minerals and saturation with calcite under high subsurface pCO2. Arriving winter rains pass through the thick vadose zone, where they rapidly acquire solutes via cation exchange reactions (driven by high pCO2), and then recharge the groundwater that delivers runoff to the stream. These new waters displayed lower solute concentrations than the deep groundwater by less than a factor of 5 (except for Ca). Up to 74% of the total annual solute flux is derived from the vadose zone. The deep groundwater's Ca concentration decreased as it exfiltrates to the stream due to CO2 degassing and this Ca loss is equivalent of 30% of the total chemical weathering flux of Elder Creek. The thick vadose zone in weathered bedrock and the perched groundwater on underlying fresh bedrock result in two distinct processes that lead to the relatively invariant (chemostatic) concentration‐discharge behavior. The processes controlling solute chemistry are not evident from stream chemistry and runoff analysis alone.
Angiogenesis Assays for the Evaluation of Angiogenic Properties of Orthopaedic Biomaterials – A General Review
Authors: Liu Wai Ching , Chen Shihui , Zheng Lizhen , Qin Ling
Published: January 2017

Vascularization is an essential process in bone formation, remodeling and regeneration during both bone development and fracture repair. Vascularization remains a big challenge directly leading to the final success of newly regenerated bone. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of different angiogenesis assays and bone defect models are described in details for investigating revascularization of materials of interest. Unlike conventional angiogenesis study with growth factors or pharmaceutical molecules performed in two‐dimension, special considerations are taken into account whether these assays can be translated for testing three‐dimensional implantable devices. Over the years, accurate and quantifiable in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays have been extensively demonstrated to be useful in examining how new blood vessels grow. These methods can contribute to the fundamental understanding of angiogenic properties of the materials, but a bone defect model is still pivotal in order to understand the cascade actions of angiogenesis along with bone formation. Finally, angiogenesis and osteogenesis are both complex processes interacting with each other, the choice of which assay to be performed should adequately address the clinical relevance and reflect the sequence of responses of revascularization of the test materials.
HfO2 Nanorod Array as High‐Performance and High‐Temperature Antireflective Coating
Authors: Khan Sadaf Bashir , Wu Hui , Ma Lingwei , Hou Mengjing , Zhang Zhengjun
Published: January 2017

Antireflective (AR) coating with both high antireflectance and omnidirectional characteristic is desired for many advanced optical device applications and photovoltaic thin‐film solar cells. The application of double‐layer antireflective (DLAR) coating to reduce reflectance is largely constrained at wide wavelength range due to refractive index variation within individual layer and between the air–substrate interfaces. In this article, high performance gradient refractive index double‐layer AR coatings with periodically patterned hierarchical porous hafnia nanorods that mimic moth compound eyes are fabricated on a dense hafnia matrix layer using glancing angle deposition technique. The refractive indices for the top and bottom layers of the DLAR hafnia coatings are 1.36 and 1.87. The fabricated films possess high transparency showing zero reflectance at calculated wavelength of 550 nm but also give <1% reflectance over broad range of visible spectrum at different angles of light incidence displaying its omnidirectional characteristic. The shifting and tuning of reflectance to nearly <1% in visible, infrared, and ultraviolet regions was achieved for wide range of substrate materials by tailoring refractive index through porosity and film thickness of the two layers. Moreover, the DLAR hafnia thin films show high thermal stability at high temperatures up to 300 °C.
Highly Light‐Sensitive Luminescent Cyanostilbene Flexible Dimers
Authors: Martínez‐Abadía Marta , Varghese Shinto , Romero Pilar , Gierschner Johannes , Giménez Raquel , Ros M. Blanca
Published: January 2017

Switchable luminescent organic materials with unusual high light‐sensitivity in the bulk at room temperature are described. The compounds consist of two promesogenic photoactive cyanostilbene units linked by a flexible spacer with an odd number of carbon atoms, analogous to the structural design of a liquid crystal dimer. Experimental and computational studies support the formation of excimers in solution due to the characteristic geometry of the dimers. In their condensed phases they show a high tendency to pack in lamellar phases, exhibiting bent‐core lamellar liquid crystal phases and crystalline polymorphs with different photoluminescence and high quantum yields. The compounds are highly photoreactive, and their photoactivity in terms of photoisomerization and/or photocycloaddition reactions in solution and in the bulk is different. By irradiation of the compounds in the condensed phases at room temperature a fast photochemical process takes place, identified as a photocycloaddition reaction favored by the lamellar packing. Due to this photoreaction a luminescence modulation with green/blue color switching and an increase in quantum yield takes place.
Preparation of Propargylic Sulfinates and their [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement to Allenic Sulfones
Authors: Tata Rama Rao , Hampton Carissa S. , Harmata Michael
Published: January 2017

The scope of the [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of propargylic sulfinates to allenic sulfones by silver catalysis was expanded. A series of new propargylic sulfinate esters was generated from a variety of aromatic and heteroaromatic sulfonyl chlorides and their rearrangement to allenic sulfones is reported. In addition, the synthesis of propargylic sulfinate esters containing electron‐withdrawing benzenesulfonyl chlorides is reported.

magnified image
Silver‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Thiocyanation of Haloalkynes: Access to (Z)‐Vinyl Thiocyanates
Authors: Jiang Guangbin , Zhu Chuanle , Li Jianxiao , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: January 2017

A regio‐ and stereoselective method for the preparation of (Z)‐vinyl thiocyanate derivatives by silver‐catalyzed thiocyanation of haloalkynes is reported. This method features practical, free of ligand, broad substrate scope, excellent stereoselectivity and gram‐scale synthesis. Significantly, the halogen atom of haloalkynes is retained, which allows the synthesis of 2,5‐diphenylthiophene, thiazol‐2‐amine and trifluoromethyl sulfides derivatives via simple transformation.

magnified image
Preparation of novel xGNPs/SBS composites with enhanced dielectric constant and thermal conductivity
Authors: Chen Jun‐Jun , Qin Shi‐Hao , Lv Qun‐Chen , Shi Dong‐Liang , Zheng Xu‐Min , Wu Hui‐Jun , Huang Hua‐Kun , Lian Liu‐Guang , He Fu‐An , Lam Kwok‐Ho
Published: January 2017

Polystyrene‐block‐polybutadiene‐block‐polystyrene triblock copolymer (SBS) has the potential to be used as a dielectric elastomer for actuator, sensor, energy harvesting, and so on, but its low dielectric constant and thermal conductivity seriously limit this application. In this study, novel exfoliated graphite nanoplates (xGNPs)/SBS composites were prepared by a solution‐blending method using N,N‐dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran as co‐solvents. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurement confirms that xGNPs have been incorporated into SBS. Furthermore, the result of scanning electron microscopy shows that xGNPs disperse well in the SBS matrix. The effects of xGNPs on the dielectric constant and thermal conductivity of the resultant xGNPs/SBS composites were investigated. The dielectric constant at 1,000 Hz significantly increased from 2.72 for pure SBS to 15.96 and 40.94 for xGNPs/SBS composite containing 1.19 and 1.27 vol.% of xGNPs, respectively. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of the xGNPs/SBS composite containing 1.27 vol.% of xGNPs has been improved from 0.18 to 0.41 W/m·K in comparison with that of pure SBS.
Effect of Precursor Solution Aging on the Crystallinity and Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tsai Hsinhan , Nie Wanyi , Lin Yen‐Hao , Blancon Jean Christophe , Tretiak Sergei , Even Jacky , Gupta Gautam , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Mohite Aditya D.
Published: January 2017

Perovskite materials due to their exceptional photophysical properties are beginning to dominate the field of thin‐film optoelectronic devices. However, one of the primary challenges is the processing‐dependent variability in the properties, thus making it imperative to understand the origin of such variations. Here, it is discovered that the precursor solution aging time before it is cast into a thin film, is a subtle but a very important factor that dramatically affects the overall thin‐film formation and crystallinity and therein factors such as grain growth, phase purity, surface uniformity, trap state density, and overall solar cell performance. It is shown that progressive aging of the precursor promotes efficient formation of larger seeds after the fast nucleation of a large density of small seeds. The hot‐casting method then leads to the growth of large grains in uniform thin‐films with excellent crystallinity validated using scanning microscopy images and X‐ray diffraction patterns. The high‐quality films cast from aged solution is ideal for thin‐film photovoltaic device fabrication with reduced shunt current and good charge transport. This observation is a significant step toward achieving highly crystalline thin‐films with reliability in device performance and establishes the subtle but dramatic effect of solution aging before fabricating perovskite thin‐films.
Continuing role for classical cytogenetics: Case report of a boy with ring syndrome caused by complete ring chromosome 4 and review of literature
Authors: Burgemeister Anna Lena , Daumiller Eva , Dietze‐Armana Ilona , Klett Christine , Freiberg Clemens , Stark Wiebke , Lingen Michael , Centonze Izabela , Rettenberger Günther , Mehnert Karl , Zirn Birgit
Published: January 2017

Constitutional ring chromosomes can be found for all human chromosomes and are very rare chromosomal abnormalities. A complete ring chromosome without loss of genetic material results from fusion of subtelomeric regions or telomere–telomere fusion. In cases of complete ring chromosome, an increased incidence of severe growth failure with no or only minor anomalies has been observed and attributed to ring syndrome. Ring syndrome is thought to be caused by “dynamic mosaicism” due to ring instability. We report a 6‐year‐old boy with de novo ring chromosome 4 and typical characteristics of the ring syndrome, namely, proportionate severe growth failure, microcephaly, and minor anomalies. Cytogenetic studies showed complete ring chromosome 4 with mitotic instability. Microarray gave normal results, thus excluding the loss of detectable genetic material. The literature of complete ring chromosome 4 is reviewed. Our case report supports the theory of ring syndrome. No studies about the effects and possible side effects of growth hormone therapy on patients with ring chromosomes have yet been published. We suggest that cytogenetic monitoring of the rate of secondary aberrations in patients with ring chromosome undergoing growth hormone therapy might be feasible. Since the diagnosis would have been missed by molecular karyotyping, our case report underlines the continuing role of classical cytogenetics for the evaluation of structural chromosomal abnormalities in patients with mental and/or physical anomalies. Standard karyotyping is still indispensable and should have an ongoing role as first‐tier analysis together with molecular karyotyping. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Observation of stimulated Raman scattering in polar tetragonal crystals of barium antimony tartrate trihydrate, Ba[Sb2((+)C4H2O6)2]·3H2O
Authors: Kaminskii Alexander A. , Rhee Hanjo , Eichler Hans J. , Lux Oliver , Němec Ivan , Yoneda Hitoki , Shirakawa Akira , Becker Petra , Bohatý Ladislav
Published: January 2017

The non‐centrosymmetric polar tetragonal (P41) barium antimony tartrate trihydrate, Ba[Sb2((+)C4H2O6)2]·3H2O, was found to be an attractive novel semi‐organic crystal manifesting numerous χ(2)‐ and χ(3)‐nonlinear optical interactions. In particular, with picosecond single‐ and dual‐wavelength pumping SHG and THG via cascaded parametric four‐wave processes were observed. High‐order Stokes and anti‐Stokes lasing related to two SRS‐promoting vibration modes of the crystal, with ωSRS1 ≈ 575 cm−1 and ωSRS2 ≈ 2940 cm−1, takes place. Basing on a spontaneous Raman investigation an assignment of the two SRS‐active vibration modes is discussed.

image
Catalysis Meets Nonthermal Separation for the Production of (Alkyl)phenols and Hydrocarbons from Pyrolysis Oil
Authors: Cao Zhengwen , Engelhardt Jan , Dierks Michael , Clough Matthew T. , Wang Guang‐Hui , Heracleous Eleni , Lappas Angelos , Rinaldi Roberto , Schüth Ferdi
Published: January 2017

A simple and efficient hydrodeoxygenation strategy is described to selectively generate and separate high‐value alkylphenols from pyrolysis bio‐oil, produced directly from lignocellulosic biomass. The overall process is efficient and only requires low pressures of hydrogen gas (5 bar). Initially, an investigation using model compounds indicates that MoCx/C is a promising catalyst for targeted hydrodeoxygenation, enabling selective retention of the desired Ar−OH substituents. By applying this procedure to pyrolysis bio‐oil, the primary products (phenol/4‐alkylphenols and hydrocarbons) are easily separable from each other by short‐path column chromatography, serving as potential valuable feedstocks for industry. The strategy requires no prior fractionation of the lignocellulosic biomass, no further synthetic steps, and no input of additional (e.g., petrochemical) platform molecules.
Stereoselective Copolymerization of Unprotected Polar and Nonpolar Styrenes by an Yttrium Precursor: Control of Polar‐Group Distribution and Mechanism
Authors: Liu Dongtao , Wang Meiyan , Wang Zichuan , Wu Chunji , Pan Yupeng , Cui Dongmei
Published: January 2017

Styrene underwent unprecedented coordination–insertion copolymerization with naked polar monomers (ortho‐/meta‐/para‐methoxystyrene) in the presence of a pyridyl methylene fluorenyl yttrium catalyst. High activity (1.26×106 g molY−1 h−1) and excellent syndioselectivity were observed, and high‐molecular‐weight copolymers (24.6×104 g mol−1) were obtained. The insertion rate of the polar monomers could be adjusted in the full range of 0–100 % simply by changing the loading of the polar styrene monomer. Strikingly, the copolymers had tapered, gradient, and even random sequence distributions, depending on the position of the polar methoxy group on the phenyl ring and thus on its mode of coordination to the active metal center, as shown by tracking the polymerization process and DFT calculations.
Enrichment of Specifically Labeled Proteins by an Immobilized Host Molecule
Authors: Murray James , Sim Jaehwan , Oh Kyunghoon , Sung Gihyun , Lee Ara , Shrinidhi Annadka , Thirunarayanan Ayyavu , Shetty Dinesh , Kim Kimoon
Published: January 2017

Chemical proteomics relies primarily on click‐chemistry‐based protein labeling and biotin‐streptavidin enrichment, but these techniques have inherent limitations. Enrichment of intracellular proteins using a totally synthetic host–guest complex is described, overcoming the problem associated with the classical approach. We achieve this by affinity‐based protein labeling with a target‐specific probe molecule conjugated to a high‐affinity guest (suberanilohydroxamic acid–ammonium‐adamantane; SAHA‐Ad) and then enriching the labeled species using a cucurbit[7]uril bead. This method shows high specificity for labeled molecules in a MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lysate. Moreover, this method shows promise for labeling proteins in live cells.
Protonierung kontra Oxoniumsalz‐Bildung: Abstimmung der Basizität und Stabilität von Cyanoborat‐Anionen
Authors: Kerpen Christoph , Sprenger Jan A. P. , Herkert Lorena , Schäfer Marius , Bischoff Lisa A. , Zeides Pierre , Grüne Matthias , Bertermann Rüdiger , Brede Franziska A. , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Ignat'ev Nikolai V. , Finze Maik
Published: January 2017

Wasserfreies H[BH2(CN)2] kristallisiert aus sauren wässrigen Lösungen des Dicyanodihydridoborat‐Anions. Die Bildung von H[BH2(CN)2] ist überraschend, da die Protonierung von Nitrilen stark saure und wasserfreie Bedingungen erfordert, sie lässt sich aber auf Basis theoretischer Daten verstehen. [BX(CN)3]− (X=H, F) liefern dagegen die erwarteten Oxonium‐Salze (H3O)[BX(CN)3], wohingegen (H3O)[BF2(CN)2]/H[BF2(CN)2] instabil ist. H[BH2(CN)2] schmilzt bei 54 °C und bildet im Festkörper Ketten über N−H⋅⋅⋅N‐Bindungen. Lösungen von H[BH2(CN)2] in der ionischen Flüssigkeit [EMIm][BH2(CN)2] enthalten das [(NC)H2BCN‐H⋅⋅⋅NCBH2(CN)]−‐Anion. Aufgrund der ungewöhnlichen Stabilität der Lösungen konnten ausgewählte spektroskopische und physikalische Eigenschaften untersucht werden. [(NC)H2BCN‐H⋅⋅⋅NCBH2(CN)]− reagiert langsam zu H2 und [(NC)H2BCN‐BH(CN)2]−. Letztgenanntes dient als Quelle für die freie Lewis‐Säure BH(CN)2, was anhand der Bildung von [BHF(CN)2]− und BH(CN)2⋅py demonstriert wurde.
Synthesis of C70‐Based Fluorophores through Sequential Functionalization to Form Isomerically Pure Multiadducts
Authors: Lou Ning , Li Yanbang , Gan Liangbing
Published: January 2017

Selective addition to the C70 cage divides its π‐conjugated system into various smaller π‐conjugated systems with enhanced fluorescent properties. Key reactions include chlorination, methoxylation, ozonation, and Bingel or Bingel–Hirsch reactions. The maximum emission wavelength of the C70 multiadducts ranges from 450 to 655 nm. Among the C70 multiadducts, C70(OMe)8(C(COOEt)2)3 showed the highest quantum yield (ΦF=0.18) and the largest Δ[λmax(emission)− λmax(absorption)] (402 nm), with maximum emission at 655 nm.
Functional Isoeugenol‐Modified Nanogel Coatings for the Design of Biointerfaces
Authors: Kather Michael , Skischus Merle , Kandt Pierre , Pich Andrij , Conrads Georg , Neuss Sabine
Published: January 2017

A new route for the synthesis of functional aqueous nanogels decorated with a controlled amount of surface‐drafted isoeugenol molecules has been developed. Obtained nanogels exhibit two key functions: a) antibacterial activity against different oral pathogens and b) cell‐adhesive and ‐growth‐promoting properties. Functional nanogels can be potentially used as building blocks in the design of bioactive coatings on various implants preventing infections and accelerating tissue regeneration.
Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Ammonia at Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure from Water and Nitrogen on a Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Electrocatalyst
Authors: Chen Shiming , Perathoner Siglinda , Ampelli Claudio , Mebrahtu Chalachew , Su Dangsheng , Centi Gabriele
Published: January 2017

Ammonia is synthesized directly from water and N2 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in a flow electrochemical cell operating in gas phase (half‐cell for the NH3 synthesis). Iron supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was used as the electrocatalyst in this half‐cell. A rate of ammonia formation of 2.2×10−3 g
 m−2 h−1 was obtained at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in a flow of N2, with stable behavior for at least 60 h of reaction, under an applied potential of −2.0 V. This value is higher than the rate of ammonia formation obtained using noble metals (Ru/C) under comparable reaction conditions. Furthermore, hydrogen gas with a total Faraday efficiency as high as 95.1 % was obtained. Data also indicate that the active sites in NH3 electrocatalytic synthesis may be associated to specific carbon sites formed at the interface between iron particles and CNT and able to activate N2, making it more reactive towards hydrogenation.
Enolonium Species—Umpoled Enolates
Authors: Arava Shlomy , Kumar Jayprakash N. , Maksymenko Shimon , Iron Mark A. , Parida Keshaba N. , Fristrup Peter , Szpilman Alex M.
Published: January 2017

Enolonium species/iodo(III)enolates of carbonyl compounds have been suggested to be intermediates in a wide variety of hypervalent iodine induced chemical transformations of ketones, including α‐C−O, α‐C−N, α‐C−C, and α‐carbon–halide bond formation, but they have never been characterized. We report that these elusive umpoled enolates may be made as discrete species that are stable for several minutes at −78 °C, and report the first spectroscopic identification of such species. It is shown that enolonium species are direct intermediates in C−O, C−N, C−Cl, and C−C bond forming reactions. Our results open up chemical space for designing a variety of new transformations. We showcase the ability of enolonium species to react with prenyl, crotyl, cinnamyl, and allyl silanes with absolute regioselectivity in up to 92 % yield.
Retention of the Zn−Zn bond in [Ge9Zn−ZnGe9]6− and Formation of [(Ge9Zn)−(Ge9)−(ZnGe9)]8− and Polymeric [−(Ge9Zn)2−−]
Authors: Mayer Kerstin , Jantke Laura‐Alice , Schulz Stephan , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: January 2017

Reactions of ZnI2L2 (where L=[HC(PPh2NPh)]−) with solutions of the Zintl phase K4Ge9 in liquid ammonia lead to retention of the Zn−Zn bond and formation of the anion [(η4‐Ge9)Zn−Zn(η4‐Ge9)]6−, representing the first complex with a Zn−Zn unit carrying two cluster entities. The trimeric anion [(η4‐Ge9)Zn{μ2(η1:η1Ge9)}Zn(η4‐Ge9)]8− forms as a side product, indicating that oxidation reactions also take place. The reaction of Zn2Cp*2 (Cp*=1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) with K4Ge9 in ethylenediamine yielded the linear polymeric unit
{[Zn[μ2(η4:η1Ge9)]}2− with the first head‐to‐tail arrangement of ten‐atom closo‐clusters. All anions were obtained and structurally characterized as [A(2.2.2‐crypt)]+ salts (A=K, Rb). Copious computational analyses at a DFT‐PBE0/def2‐TZVPP/PCM level of theory confirm the experimental structures and support the stability of the two hypothetical ten vertex cluster fragments closo‐[Ge9Zn]2− and (paramagnetic) [Ge9Zn]3−.
Turn‐On Fluorescence in Tetra‐NHC Ligands by Rigidification through Metal Complexation: An Alternative to Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Sinha Narayan , Stegemann Linda , Tan Tristan T. Y. , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Strassert Cristian A. , Hahn F. Ekkehardt
Published: January 2017

Two tetraphenylethylene (TPE) bridged tetraimidazolium salts, [H4L‐Et](PF6)4 and [H4L‐Bu](PF6)4, were used as precursors for the synthesis of the dinuclear AgI and AuI tetracarbene complexes [Ag2(L‐Et)](PF6)2, [Ag2(L‐Bu)](PF6)2, [Au2(L‐Et)](PF6)2, and [Au2(L‐Bu)](PF6)2. The tetraimidazolium salts show almost no fluorescence (ΦF<1 %) in dilute solution while their NHC complexes display fluorescence “turn‐on” (ΦF up to 47 %). This can be ascribed to rigidification mediated by the restriction of intramolecular rotation within the TPE moiety upon complexation. DFT calculations confirm that the metals are not involved in the lowest excited singlet and triplet states, thus explaining the lack of phosphorescence and fast intersystem crossing as a result of heavy atom effects. The rigidification upon complexation for fluorescence turn‐on constitutes an alternative to the known aggregation‐induced emission (AIE).
An NHC–Silyl–NHC Pincer Ligand for the Oxidative Addition of C−H, N−H, and O−H Bonds to Cobalt(I) Complexes
Authors: Sun Jian , Luo Lun , Luo Yi , Deng Liang
Published: January 2017

N‐Heterocyclic carbene based pincer ligands bearing a central silyl donor, [CSiC]−, have been envisioned as a class of strongly σ‐donating ligands that can be used for synthesizing electron‐rich transition‐metal complexes for the activation of inert bonds. However, this type of pincer ligand and complexes thereof have remained elusive owing to their challenging synthesis. We herein describe the first synthesis of a CSiC pincer ligand scaffold through the coupling of a silyl–NHC chelate with a benzyl–NHC chelate induced by one‐electron oxidation in the coordination sphere of a cobalt complex. The monoanionic CSiC ligand stabilizes the CoI dinitrogen complex [(CSiC)Co(N2)] with an unusual coordination geometry and enables the challenging oxidative addition of E−H bonds (E=C, N, O) to CoI to form CoIII complexes. The structure and reactivity of the cobalt(I) complex are ascribed to the unique electronic properties of the CSiC pincer ligand, which provides a strong trans effect and pronounced σ‐donation.
Anisotropically Swelling Gels Attained through Axis‐Dependent Crosslinking of MOF Crystals
Authors: Ishiwata Takumi , Kokado Kenta , Sada Kazuki
Published: January 2017

Anisotropically deforming objects have attracted considerable interest for use in molecular machines and artificial muscles. Herein, we focus on a new approach based on the crystal crosslinking of organic ligands in a pillared‐layer metal–organic framework (PLMOF). The approach involves the transformation from crosslinked PLMOF to polymer gels through hydrolysis of the coordination bonds between the organic ligands and metal ions, giving a network polymer that exhibits anisotropic swelling. The anisotropic monomer arrangement in the PLMOF underwent axis‐dependent crosslinking to yield anisotropically swelling gels. Therefore, the crystal crosslinking of MOFs should be a useful method for creating actuators with designable deformation properties.
Highly para‐Selective C−H Alkylation of Benzene Derivatives with 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl α‐Aryl‐α‐Diazoesters
Authors: Ma Ben , Chu Zhaowei , Huang Ben , Liu Zhenli , Liu Lu , Zhang Junliang
Published: January 2017

Compared to the most popular directing‐group‐assisted strategy, the “undirected” strategy for C−H bond functionalization represents a more flexible but more challenging approach. Reported herein is a gold‐catalyzed highly site‐selective C(sp2)−H alkylation of unactivated arenes with 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl α‐aryl‐α‐diazoesters. This protocol demonstrates that high site‐selective C−H bond functionalization can be achieved without the assistance of a directing group. In this transformation, both the gold catalyst and trifluoroethyl group on the ester of the diazo compound play vital roles for achieving the chemo‐ and regioselectivity.
Four‐Shell Polyoxometalates Featuring High‐Nuclearity Ln26 Clusters: Structural Transformations of Nanoclusters into Frameworks Triggered by Transition‐Metal Ions
Authors: Li Zhong , Li Xin‐Xiong , Yang Tao , Cai Zhen‐Wen , Zheng Shou‐Tian
Published: January 2017

A series of polyoxometalates (POMs) that incorporate the highest‐nuclearity Ln clusters that have been observed in such structures to date (Ln26 , Ln=La and Ce) are described, which exhibit giant multishell configurations (Ln⊂W6⊂Ln26⊂W100). Their structures are remarkably different from known giant POMs that feature multiple Ln ions. In particular, the incorporated Ln–O clusters with a nuclearity of 26 are significantly larger than known high‐nuclearity (≤10) Ln–O clusters in POM chemistry. Furthermore, they also contain the largest number of La and Ce centers for any POM reported to date and represent a new kind of rare giant POMs with more than 100 W atoms. Interestingly, the La26‐containing POM can undergo a single‐crystal to single‐crystal structural transformation in the presence of various transition‐metal ions, such as Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+, from an inorganic molecular nanocluster into an inorganic–organic hybrid extended framework that is built from POM building blocks with even higher‐nuclearity La28 clusters bridged by transition‐metal complexes.
Physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of natural rubber latex films in the presence of vegetable oil microemulsions
Authors: Lee Siang Yin , Ng Angie , Jaswan Singh Manroshan Singh , Liew Yun Khoon , Gan Seng Neon , Koh Rhun Yian
Published: January 2017

A series of vegetable oil microemulsions are formulated and incorporated into NR latex to study the potent antimicrobial activity of vegetable oil‐plasticized NR latex film against the adherent bacteria on the treated film. The particle size of latex incorporated with 2.50 phr of oil has attained up to 424 nm after incubated at 35 ± 2 °C for 24 h. The tensile stress of all NR latex films are relatively low, ranged 0.289 to 0.511 MPa. All emulsions are found compatible with NR and the low contact angles (<90°) corresponded to no oil blooming onto the surfaces of NR latex films. The crosslink densities are in good correlation with tensile strengths. The potent antimicrobial properties of the NR latex films are investigated from the viability assessment of the adherent tested Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (E. coli ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (S. aureus ATCC 25923). Results shows that NR latex film incorporated with palm kernel oil/soybean oil blend, NR‐E(P/S = 7/3), has significantly killed the adherent S. aureus with 92.5% reduction but showed no significant log reduction in E. coli. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44788.
Automated home monitoring and management of patient‐reported symptoms during chemotherapy: results of the symptom care at home RCT
Authors: Mooney Kathi H. , Beck Susan L. , Wong Bob , Dunson William , Wujcik Debra , Whisenant Meagan , Donaldson Gary
Published: January 2017

Technology‐aided remote interventions for poorly controlled symptoms may improve cancer symptom outcomes. In a randomized controlled trial, the efficacy of an automated symptom management system was tested to determine if it reduced chemotherapy‐related symptoms. Prospectively, 358 patients beginning chemotherapy were randomized to the Symptom Care at Home (SCH) intervention (n = 180) or enhanced usual care (UC) (n = 178). Participants called the automated monitoring system daily reporting severity of 11 symptoms. SCH participants received automated self‐management coaching and nurse practitioner (NP) telephone follow‐up for poorly controlled symptoms. NPs used a guideline‐based decision support system. Primary endpoints were symptom severity across all symptoms, and the number of severe, moderate, mild, and no symptom days. A secondary endpoint was individual symptom severity. Mixed effects linear modeling and negative binominal regressions were used to compare SCH with UC. SCH participants had significantly less symptom severity across all symptoms (P < 0.001). On average, the relative symptom burden reduction for SCH participants was 3.59 severity points (P < 0.001), roughly 43% of UC. With a very rapid treatment benefit, SCH participants had significant reductions in severe (67% less) and moderate (39% less) symptom days compared with UC (both P < 0.001). All individual symptoms, except diarrhea, were significantly lower for SCH participants (P < 0.05). Symptom Care at Home dramatically improved symptom outcomes. These results demonstrate that symptoms can be improved through automated home monitoring and follow‐up to intensify care for poorly controlled symptoms.