bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2023 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) Guideline for the Treatment of Interstitial Lung Disease in People with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Johnson Sindhu R. , Bernstein Elana J. , Bolster Marcy B. , Chung Jonathan H. , Danoff Sonye K. , George Michael D. , Khanna Dinesh , Guyatt Gordon , Mirza Reza D. , Aggarwal Rohit , Allen Aberdeen , Assassi Shervin , Buckley Lenore , Chami Hassan A. , Corwin Douglas S. , Dellaripa Paul F. , Domsic Robyn T. , Doyle Tracy J. , Falardeau Catherine Marie , Frech Tracy M. , Gibbons Fiona K. , Hinchcliff Monique , Johnson Cheilonda , Kanne Jeffrey P. , Kim John S. , Lim Sian Yik , Matson Scott , McMahan Zsuzsanna H. , Merck Samantha J. , Nesbitt Kiana , Scholand Mary Beth , Shapiro Lee , Sharkey Christine D. , Summer Ross , Varga John , Warrier Anil , Agarwal Sandeep K. , Antin‐Ozerkis Danielle , Bemiss Bradford , Chowdhary Vaidehi , Dematte D'Amico Jane E. , Hallowell Robert , Hinze Alicia M. , Injean Patil A. , Jiwrajka Nikhil , Joerns Elena K. , Lee Joyce S. , Makol Ashima , McDermott Gregory C. , Natalini Jake G. , Oldham Justin M. , Saygin Didem , Lakin Kimberly Showalter , Singh Namrata , Solomon Joshua J. , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Turgunbaev Marat , Vaseer Samera , Turner Amy , Uhl Stacey , Ivlev Ilya
Published: July 2024

Objective

We provide evidence‐based recommendations regarding the treatment of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in adults with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs).

Methods

We developed clinically relevant population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes questions. A systematic literature review was then performed, and the available evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. A panel of clinicians and patients reached consensus on the direction and strength of the recommendations.

Results

Thirty‐five recommendations were generated (including two strong recommendations) for first‐line SARD‐ILD treatment, treatment of SARD‐ILD progression despite first‐line ILD therapy, and treatment of rapidly progressive ILD. The strong recommendations were against using glucocorticoids in systemic sclerosis–ILD as a first‐line ILD therapy and after ILD progression. Otherwise, glucocorticoids are conditionally recommended for first‐line ILD treatment in all other SARDs.

Conclusion

This clinical practice guideline presents the first recommendations endorsed by the American College of Rheumatology and American College of Chest Physicians for the treatment of ILD in people with SARDs.
Suction use in ureterorenoscopy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of comparative studies
Authors: Tzelves Lazaros , Geraghty Robert , Juliebø‐Jones Patrick , Yuan Yuhong , Kapriniotis Konstantinos , Castellani Daniele , Gauhar Vineet , Skolarikos Andreas , Somani Bhaskar
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Ureterorenoscopy is seeing a bloom of technological advances, one of which is incorporating suction. The objective of this study is to systematically review existing literature regarding suction use in rigid and flexible ureterorenoscopy and perform meta‐analysis of studies comparing suction versus no suction ureteroscopy or mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Methods

A literature search was performed (November 2023) in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL. Study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023482360). Comparative studies (observational and randomized) were eligible for inclusion if they compared suction versus no suction group and reported at least one primary outcome of interest (stone‐free or complication rate).

Results

Sixteen studies (5 randomized and 11 observational), analysing 1086 and 1109 patients in standard and suction groups, respectively, were included. Final stone‐free rates (SFRs), overall and infectious complications and length of hospital stay exhibited significant improvement when suction was used. When mini‐PCNL was compared with flexible ureterorenoscopy with suction, no differences were found in terms of stone‐free and infectious complications rates.

Conclusions

Ureterorenoscopy is a commonly performed endoscopic procedure for urolithiasis treatment, the success of which is defined by SFRs and complication rates. Application of suction via ureteral access sheaths, ureteral catheters or scopes may provide improved SFRs, reduced overall and infectious complication rates, along with a reduction in length of hospital stay. Further randomized studies are needed to validate these findings and standardize indications and protocols.
Revisiting the impact of genomic hot spots: C12orf35 locus as a hot spot and engineering target
Authors: Cho Kyuhee , Lee Jae Seong
Published: July 2024

Traditional Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line development is based on random integration (RI) of transgene that causes clonal variation and subsequent large‐scale clone screening. Therefore, site‐specific integration (SSI) of transgenes into genomic hot spots has recently emerged as an alternative method for cell line development. However, the specific mechanisms underlying hot spot site formation remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to generate landing pad (LP) cell lines via the RI of transgenes encoding fluorescent reporter proteins flanked by recombination sites to facilitate recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange. The RI‐based LP cell line expressing high reporter levels with spontaneous C12orf35 locus deletion exhibited similar reporter fluorescent protein levels compared to targeted integrants with an identical reporter LP construct at the CHO genome hot spot, the C12orf35 locus. Additionally, Resf1, a C12orf35 locus gene, knockout (KO) in the RI‐based LP cell line with conserved C12orf35 increased reporter expression levels, comparable to those in cell lines with C12orf35 locus disruption. These results indicate that the effect of SSI into the C12orf35 locus, a genomic hot spot, on high‐level transgene expression was caused by C12orf35 disruption. In contrast to C12orf35 KO, KO at other well‐known hot spot sites at specific loci of genes, including Fer1L4, Hprt1, Adgrl4, Clcc1, Dop1b, and Ddc, did not increase transgene expression. Overall, our findings suggest that C12orf35 is a promising engineering target and a hot spot for SSI‐based cell line development.
The characterization of cell traction force on nonflat surfaces with different curvature by elastic hydrogel microspheres
Authors: Dong Yuqing , Wang Cong , Ding Xin , Ma Xingquan , Huang Rong , Li Moxiao , Yang Qingzhen
Published: July 2024

It is of great importance to study the detachment/attachment behaviors of cells (cancer cell, immune cell, and epithelial cell), as they are closely related with tumor metastasis, immunoreaction, and tissue development at variety scales. To characterize the detachment/attachment during the interaction between cells and substrate, some researchers proposed using cell traction force (CTF) as the indicator. To date, various strategies have been developed to measure the CTF. However, these methods only realize the measurements of cell passive forces on flat cases. To quantify the active CTF on nonflat surfaces, which can better mimic the in vivo case, we employed elastic hydrogel microspheres as a force sensor. The microspheres were fabricated by microfluidic chips with controllable size and mechanical properties to mimic substrate. Cells were cultured on microsphere and the CTF led to the deformation of microsphere. By detecting the morphology information, the CTF exerted by attached cells can be calculated by the in‐house numerical code. Using these microspheres, the CTF of various cells (including tumor cell, immunological cell, and epithelium cell) were successfully obtained on nonflat surfaces with different curvature radii. The proposed method provides a versatile platform to measure the CTF with high precision and to understand the detachment/attachment behaviors during physiology processes.
The effects of a defendant's childhood physical abuse on lay support for sentencing: The moderating role of essentialism
Authors: Xie Sandy S. , Berryessa Colleen M.
Published: July 2024

Research suggests that a defendant's history of experiencing childhood abuse, and its effects on their life and later decision‐making, may impact public support for a defendant's sentencing, particularly mitigation. However, no existing research has examined how and why sentencing support may vary based on the time period when the abuse occurs during a defendant's childhood. This experiment, using a sample of the U.S. public (N = 400), examines how the age at which a defendant's childhood physical abuse occurs affects lay support for the goals of their sentencing. We hypothesized that participants with higher levels of social and biological trait essentialism would moderate their increased support for more punitive sentencing goals—particularly when a defendant was abused earlier, rather than later, in childhood. Results suggest that social essentialism is associated with increased support for restoration and rehabilitation toward defendants with histories of childhood physical abuse, potentially indicating that the public views the effects of child abuse as more of a social, versus biological, process which may affect support for utilitarian punishment goals.
A comparison of different intensified upstream processes highlighting the advantage of WuXi Biologics' Ultra‐high Productivity platform (WuXiUPTM) in improved product quality and purification yield
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Fang Mingyue , Zou Yanling , Wang Shuo , Zhou Weichang , Zhou Hang
Published: July 2024

WuXiUPTM, WuXi Biologics’ Ultra‐high Productivity platform, is an intensified and integrated continuous bioprocess platform developed for production of various biologics including monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, and bispecific antibodies. This process technology platform has manifested its remarkable capability in boosting the volumetric productivity of various biologics and has been implemented for large‐scale clinical material productions. In this paper, case studies of the production of different pharmaceutical proteins using two high‐producing and intensified culture modes of WuXiUPTM and the concentrated fed‐batch (CFB), as well as the traditional fed‐batch (TFB) are discussed from the perspectives of cell growth, productivity, and protein quality. Both WuXiUPTM and CFB outperformed TFB regarding volumetric productivity. Additionally, distinctive advantages in product quality profiles in the WuXiUPTM process, such as reduced acidic charge variants and fragmentation, are revealed. Therefore, a simplified downstream purification process with only two chromatographic steps can be developed to deliver the target product at a satisfactory purity and an extremely‐high yield.
Guanylate binding protein 5 is an immune‐related biomarker of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective prognostic study with bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Hasegawa Masayo , Amano Yusuke , Kihara Atsushi , Matsubara Daisuke , Fukushima Noriyoshi , Takahashi Hideyuki , Chikamatsu Kazuaki , Nishino Hiroshi , Mori Yoshiyuki , Yoshida Naohiro , Niki Toshiro
Published: July 2024

Background

Cancer utilizes immunosuppressive mechanisms to create a tumor microenvironment favorable for its progression. The purpose of this study is to histologically characterize the immunological properties of the tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and identify key molecules involved in the immunological microenvironment and patient prognosis.

Methods

First, overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from OSCC transcriptome data in public databases. Correlation analysis of DEGs with known immune‐related genes identified genes involved in the immune microenvironment of OSCC. Next, stromal patterns of tumor were classified and immunohistochemical staining was performed for immune cell markers (CD3, CD4, Foxp3, CD8, CD20, CD68, and CD163), programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and guanylate binding protein 5 (GBP5) in resected specimens obtained from 110 patients with OSCC who underwent resection. Correlations between each factor and their prognostic impact were analyzed.

Results

Among the novel OSCC‐specific immune‐related genes screened (including ADAMDEC1, CXCL9, CXCL13, DPT, GBP5, IDO1, and PLA2G7), GBP5 was selected as the target gene. Histopathologic analysis showed that multiple T‐cell subsets and CD20‐positive cells were less common in the advanced stages, whereas CD163‐positive cells were more common in advanced stages. The immature type in the stromal pattern category was associated with less immune cell infiltration, lower expression of PD‐L1 in immune cells, lower expression of GBP5 in the stroma, and shorter overall survival and recurrence‐free survival. Expression of GBP5 in the tumor and stroma correlated with immune cell infiltration of tumors and PD‐L1 expression in tumor and immune cells. Patients with low tumor GBP5 expression and high stromal expression had significantly longer overall survival and recurrence‐free survival.

Conclusions

The stromal pattern category may reflect both invasive and immunomodulatory potentials of cancer‐associated fibroblasts in OSCC. GBP5 has been suggested as a potential biomarker to predict the prognosis and therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Evaluation of incest cases in Sivas: Ten‐year retrospective study
Authors: Butun Celal , Yucel Beyaztas Fatma , Sari Seda Aybuke , Uzun Çiçek Ayla , Kaya Asiye Burcu
Published: July 2024

Although incest is generally perceived as all kinds of verbal, non‐verbal, physical and visual sexual behaviour of family members and close relatives toward children, it is also a special type of sexual abuse defined as consensual sexual intercourse between close relatives or between minors who are legally prohibited from marrying. This study aimed to analyse the sociodemographic data, physical‐mental examination and laboratory findings of the incest cases. Incest cases among sexual abuse and sexual assault cases sent to Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital Forensic Medicine outpatient clinic for examination between 2012 and 2021 were evaluated. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS 23.0 program. P‐values below 0.05 were considered significant. The records of 61 incest victims were retrospectively analysed. The cases were examined in terms of age, gender, incident, perpetrator, type of abuse, examination findings and mental status. Fifty‐four (88.5%) of the incest victims were female, and the highest rate (n = 9, 14.8%) was 16 years old. Most of the victims were high school graduates (29%), 56% were in a nuclear family 57.4% of the assailants were family members, most of the case reports (73.8%) were made by the victim herself/himself, and the most common place of incident (70.3%) was the victim's home. In this study, the clinical, social and forensic outcomes of incest cases, which have many causes and tragic consequences, were investigated, and it was aimed to contribute to the solution of the problem by discussing the literature.
Early maternal death following child removal—A short report using observational data
Authors: Devaney John , Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Charles Amy , Daniel Helen L. , Dobie Emily , Marks Ellen , Osthwaite Katherine , Taylor Julie
Published: July 2024

Key Practitioner Messages

Mothers who have a child removed from their care often face a range of vulnerabilities, such as abuse in childhood, isolation, poverty, poor mental health, domestic abuse, and substance misuse, which contribute to the reasons for their children being removed.

Yet following this removal, and at a time of acute need for them due to the trauma involved, birth mothers frequently disappear from the gaze of services, as children's services are structured to meet the needs of the child.

There is evidence that mothers who have a child removed are at a significantly increased risk of early death.

While the need for support for the children is irrefutable, equally there needs to be specialist support for their mothers, which goes beyond children's services and involves health services.
In vitro and in silico evaluation of bioactivities and chemical composition of the aerial parts of Anchusa officinalis L. methanol extract
Authors: Aljowaie Reem M. , Alsayed Mashail Fahad , Alkubaisi Noorah A. , Almarfadi Omer M. , Farrag Mohamed A. , Abdulmanea Adel A. , Alfuraydi Akram A. , Abalkhail Tarad , Aboul‐Soud Mourad A. M. , Aziz Ibrahim M.
Published: July 2024

The main objective of the study is to evaluate the antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities of Anchusa officinalis L. in vitro and in silico. The dried aerial parts of A. officinalis L. were extracted with methanol. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was analyzed. Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects were tested against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 10 phytochemical compounds, and cyclobutane (26.07%) was identified as the major photochemical compound. The methanol extract exhibited the maximum amount of total phenolic content (118.24 ± 4.42 mg QE/g dry weight of the dry extract) (R2 = 0.994) and the total flavonoid content was 94 ± 2.34 mg QE/g dry weight of the dry extract (R2 = 0.999). The IC50 value for 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid was 107.12 ± 3.42 μg/mL, and it was high for 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl (123.94 ± 2.31 μg/mL). The IC50 value was 72.49 ± 3.14 against HepG2 cell lines, and a decreased value was obtained (102.54 ± 4.17 g/mL) against MCF‐7 cell lines. The methanol extract increased the expression of caspase mRNA and Bax mRNA levels when compared to the control experiment (p < .05). The conclusions, A. officinalis L. aerial parts extract exhibited antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities.
Freezing Functional Nucleic Acids: From Molecular Reactions to Surface Immobilization
Authors: Li Zhenglian , Duan Siyi , Liu Biwu
Published: July 2024

Biochemical reactions are typically slowed down by decreasing temperature. However, accelerated reaction kinetics have been observed for a long time. More recent examples have highlighted the unique role of freezing in fabricating supermaterials, degrading environmental contaminants, and accelerating bioreactions. Functional nucleic acids are DNA or RNA oligonucleotides with versatile properties, including target recognition, catalysis, and molecular co4mputing. In this review, we discuss the current observations and understanding of freezing‐facilitated reactions involving functional nucleic acids. Molecular reactions such as ligation/conjugation, cleavage, and hybridization are discussed. Moreover, freezing‐induced DNA‐nanoparticle conjugations are introduced. Then, we describe our effect in immobilizing DNA on bulk surfaces. Finally, we address some critical questions and research opportunities in the field.
Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Cyclopropanation of Alkenes with Dibromomethane
Authors: Tian Yiqiang , Zhang Yuekun , Niu Jiapan , Zhang Chun
Published: July 2024

The cyclopropane unit plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical compound design and organic transformation. In this study, we have developed a novel redox‐neutral photocatalytic cyclopropanation method involving dibromomethane and alkenes. This chemistry enables the synthesis of valuable functional group‐substituted cyclopropanes using readily available starting materials and practical reaction conditions. Additionally, we have demonstrated the versatility of the products as precursors for various cyclopropane derivatives with different substituents. Importantly, this protocol facilitates the synthesis of a key unit found in a specific type of T‐type calcium channel blocker. Furthermore, the proposed reaction mechanism is well‐supported by control experiments.
A Facile Approach to Construct Novel Polyesters as Soft Midblock for Thermoplastic Elastomers
Authors: Xia Yun‐Yun , Yang Xing , Zhang Wei , Fu Yang , Cai Zhongzheng , Cao Peng , Zhu Jian‐Bo
Published: July 2024

The development of innovative synthetic strategies to create functional polycaprolactones is highly demanded for advanced material applications. In this contribution, we reported a facile synthetic strategy to prepare a class of CL‐based monomers (R‐TO) derived from epoxides. They readily polymerize via well‐controlled ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) to afford a series of polyesters P(R‐TO) with high molecular weight (Mn up to 350 kDa). Sequential addition copolymerization of MTO and L‐lactide (L‐LA) allowed to access of a series of ABA triblock copolymers with composition‐dependent mechanical properties. Notably, P(L‐LA)100‐b‐P(MTO)500‐b‐P(L‐LA)100 containing the amorphous P(MTO) segment as a soft midblock and crystalline P(L‐LA) domain as hard end block behaved as an excellent thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) with high elongation at break (1438±204 %), tensile strength (23.5±1.7 MPa), and outstanding elastic recovery (>88 %).
A Correlation‐Based Prediction Method of Heat Transfer Coefficients for Flooded Evaporation on Enhanced Tubes
Authors: Möhrle Marco , Frick Jennifer , Krieger Christoph , Müller Karsten
Published: July 2024

Heat transfer in evaporation units play a vital role in the design and optimization of heat pumps and refrigeration systems. Existing correlations are often limited to the respective heat transfer surface. Furthermore, the majority of correlations reported have a lack of reliable validation beyond the test of their ability to describe the data they have been fitted to. In the present study, the heat transfer in case of flooded evaporation on an enhanced tube was examined for two refrigerants and propane. The experimentally measured data were used to develop a new correlation for the shell‐side heat transfer. The correlation was assessed on a separate test set, not utilized in the process of model development. The correlation and procedure are reliable and transferable tools for estimation of heat transfer in enhanced tube evaporators for refrigerants.
Canonical variate residual analysis for industrial processes fault detection
Authors: Li Yuting , Li Fei , Liu Xiaoqiang
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development of intelligent integration in industrial processes, a challenge emerges. Early failures cannot be detected in a timely manner, potentially leading to significant financial losses. While traditional canonical variate analysis (CVA) methods are effective for dynamic process monitoring, they may lack the flexibility required for early fault detection. To address this challenge, a fault detection method based on canonical variate residual analysis (CVRA) is proposed. CVRA introduces a distinctive residual statistic that preserves critical information about the data. It places heightened focus on the primary components of the data, capturing core features of system changes and enhancing sensitivity to early anomalies. Additionally, by incorporating the geometric properties of the Manhattan distance, it mitigates statistical data errors, thereby improving detection accuracy. Simulation results validate the method's effectiveness in the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process. Furthermore, the successful application of the three‐phase flow facility provides a benchmark for evaluation using real process data.
Data‐driven nonlinear state observation for controlled systems: A kernel method and its analysis
Authors: Woelk Moritz , Tang Wentao
Published: July 2024

This work proposes a data‐driven state observation algorithm for nonlinear dynamical systems, when the true state trajectory is not measurable and hence the states information needs to be reconstructed from input and output measurements. Such a reduction is formed by kernel canonical correlation analysis (KCCA), which (i) implicitly maps the available input–output data into a higher‐dimensional feature space, namely the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS); (ii) finds a projection of the past input–output data and a projection of the future input–output data with maximal correlation; and (iii) identifies the projected inputs and outputs, namely the canonical variates, as the observed states. We adopt a least squares support vector machine (LS‐SVM) formulation for KCCA, which imposes regularization on the vectors that specify the projections and is amenable to convex optimization. We prove theoretically that, based on the statistical consistency of KCCA, the observed states determined by the proposed state observer has a guaranteed correlativity with the actual states (when properly transformed). Furthermore, such observed states, when supplemented with the information of succeeding inputs, can be used to predict the succeeding outputs with guaranteed upper bound on the prediction error. Case studies are performed on two numerical examples and an exothermic continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR).
Prognostic Value of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Assessed by Coronary Angiography–Derived Index of Microcirculatory Resistance in Patients With ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chao Han , Jun‐Qing Gao , Hong Zhang , Zhen Qi , Hui Zhang , Wen An , Chenghao Yang , Ling‐Xiao Zhang , Shuang‐Yu Chen , Zong‐Jun Liu
Published: July 2024

Background

CaIMR is proposed as a novel angiographic index designed to assess microcirculation without the need for pressure wires or hyperemic agents. We aimed to investigate the impact of caIMR on predicting clinical outcomes in STEMI patients.

Methods

One hundred and forty patients with STEMI who received PCI in Putuo Hospital of Shanghai from October 2021 to September 2022 were categorized into CMD and non–CMD groups according to the caIMR value. The baseline information, patient‐related examinations, and the occurrence of MACE at the 12‐month follow‐up were collected to investigate risk factors in patients with STEMI.

Results

We divided 140 patients with STEMI enrolled into two groups according to caIMR results, including 61 patients diagnosed with CMD and 79 patients diagnosed with non–CMD. A total of 21 MACE occurred during the 1 year of follow‐up. Compared with non–CMD group, patients with CMD showed a significantly higher risk of MACE. A multivariate Cox regression model was conducted for the patients, and it was found thatcaIMR was a significant predictor of prognosis in STEMI patients (HR: 8.921). Patients with CMD were divided into culprit vascular CMD and non‐culprit vascular CMD, and the result found that culprit vascular CMD was associated with the incidence of MACE (OR: 4.75) and heart failure (OR: 7.50).

Conclusion

CaIMR is a strong predictor of clinical outcomes and can provide an objective risk stratification for patients with STEMI. There is a strong correlation among leukocyte index, the use of furosemide, Killips classification, and clinical outcomes.
Enhanced RHO‐ROCK signaling is associated with CRELD2 production and fibroblast recruitment in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pittar Alexandra , Buckley Edward J. , Boyle Sarah T. , Ibbetson S. Jan , Samuel Michael S.
Published: July 2024

A key characteristic of cancer cells is their ability to induce changes in their microenvironment that render it permissive to tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Indeed, these changes are required for tumor progression. Consequently, the tumor microenvironment is emerging as a key source of new targets against cancer, with novel therapies aimed at reversing tumor‐promoting changes, reinstating a tumor‐hostile microenvironment and suppressing disease progression. RHO‐ROCK signaling, and consequent tension within the cellular actomyosin cytoskeleton, regulates a paracrine signaling cascade that establishes a tumor‐promoting microenvironment. Here, we show that consistent with our observations in breast cancer, enhanced ROCK activity and consequent production of CRELD2 is associated with the recruitment and tumor‐promoting polarization of cancer‐associated fibroblasts in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Our observations provide support for the notion that the role of RHO‐ROCK signaling in establishing a tumor‐promoting microenvironment may be conserved across patients and potentially also different cancer types.
Covalent Isothiocyanate Inhibitors of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as Potential Colorectal Cancer Treatments
Authors: Putha Lohitha , Kok Liang K. , Fellner Matthias , Rutledge Malcolm T. , Gamble Allan B. , Wilbanks Sigurd M. , Vernall Andrea J. , Tyndall Joel D. A.
Published: July 2024

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has roles in innate and adaptive human immune responses, as well as inflammation. MIF exerts its biological activity by binding to the cell surface receptor CD74 as well as intracellular signalling proteins. MIF also possesses keto‐enol tautomerase activity. Inhibition of the tautomerase activity has been associated with loss of biological activity of MIF and a potential anticancer target. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are a class of compounds present in cruciferous vegetables that inhibit the MIF tautomerase activity via covalent modification of the N‐terminal proline. A range of substituted ITCs featuring benzyl, phenethyl and phenyl propyl isothiocyanates were designed, synthesised and tested to determine any structure activity relationship for inhibiting MIF. Crystal structures of covalent compounds 8 and 9 in complex with rhMIF revealed key hydrogen bonding and edge‐to‐face π stacking interactions. Compound 9 and 11 with sub micromolar activity were tested in the NCI60 cancer cell lines panel. Both compounds showed tissue‐specific reduced growth in colon and renal cancer cell lines, while one of these showed potent, dose‐dependent inhibition of growth against all seven colon cancer cell lines (GI50<2.5 μM) and all eight renal cancer cell lines (GI50<2.2 μM).
Three‐Dimensional Ultrastructure of Flower‐Spray Nerve Endings in the Rat Carotid Sinus
Authors: Murakami Yusuke , Sasaki Kuniaki , Komuro Misaki , Yokoyama Takuya , Abdali Sayed Sharif , Nakamuta Nobuaki , Yamamoto Yoshio
Published: July 2024

The flower‐spray nerve endings are afferent nerve terminals in the carotid sinus that arise from carotid sinus nerve of glossopharyngeal nerve. However, the three‐dimensional ultrastructural characteristics of flower‐spray nerve endings and spatial relationships between the terminal parts and other cellular elements have not been fully understood. To elucidate their detailed relationship, backscattered electron imaging of serial sections was performed with a scanning electron microscope to produce a three‐dimensional reconstruction of the flower‐spray endings. The terminal parts of flower‐spray endings were distributed horizontally approximately 5 µm outside the external elastic membrane in the tunica adventitia of the internal carotid artery. The three‐dimensional reconstruction showed that the terminal parts of flower‐spray endings were flat with irregular contours and were partially covered by the thin cytoplasmic processes of Schwann cells. The complex consisting of the nerve terminals and associated Schwann cells was surrounded by a multilayered basement membrane. The terminal parts of the endings were also surrounded by fibroblasts with elastic fibers and collagen fibrils. Secretory vesicles without an electron‐dense core were observed in the terminal parts of the endings. The accumulation of vesicles just below the axonal membrane was observed in terminal parts not covered by Schwann cell cytoplasmic processes on both the luminal and basal sides. Swollen mitochondria, concentric membranous structures, and glycogen granule‐like electron‐dense materials were often noted in some of the terminal parts of the endings and the parent axon. Collectively, the present results suggest that flower‐spray endings are baroreceptors because their morphology was similar to other mechanoreceptors. Furthermore, flower‐spray endings may be affected by glutamate secreted in an autocrine manner.
Multi‐objective GA to schedule task graphs on heterogeneous voltage frequency islands
Authors: Sanchit  , Singh Navjot , Singh Jagpreet
Published: July 2024

Energy consumption of multiprocessor's system is increasing day by day. The capability of multiprocessor systems and high compute‐intensive tasks play a major role in increasing energy consumption. Voltage frequency island (VFI) architecture partitioned the cores into groups for which voltage/frequency can be controlled by a single switch. VFI plays a major role in optimizing the energy consumption. We have generated the initial population by using the slot technique to VFI architecture. The genetic algorithm studied by many researchers to solve scheduling problems. So we combined the genetic algorithm with the VFI‐enabled architecture and slot approach called VFIGen. Then apply the VFIGen algorithm to optimize the energy consumption. When comparing the results of the proposed one with the existing state‐of‐art we achieved the performance gain by to .
A noise‐tolerant fuzzy‐type zeroing neural network for robust synchronization of chaotic systems
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhao Lv , Jin Jie
Published: July 2024

As a significant research issue in control and science field, chaos synchronization has attracted wide attention in recent years. However, it is difficult for traditional control methods to realize synchronization in predefined time and resist external interference effectively. Inspired by the excellent performance of zeroing neural network (ZNN) and the wide application of fuzzy logic system (FLS), a noise‐tolerant fuzzy‐type zeroing neural network (NTFTZNN) with fuzzy time‐varying convergent parameter is proposed for the synchronization of chaotic systems in this paper. Notably the fuzzy parameter generated from FLS combined with traditional convergent parameter embedded into this NTFTZNN can adjust the convergence rate according to the synchronization errors. For the sake of emphasizing the advantages of NTFTZNN model, other three sets of contrast models (FTZNN, VPZNN, and PTZNN) are constructed for the purpose of comparison. Besides, the predefined‐time convergence and noise‐tolerant ability of NTFTZNN model are distinctly demonstrated by detailed theoretical analysis. Furthermore, synchronization simulation experiments including two chaotic systems with different dimensions are provided to verify the related mathematical theories. Finally, the schematic of NTFTZNN model for chaos synchronization is accomplished completely through Simulink, further accentuating its effectiveness and potentials in practical applications.
Scavenging Radionuclide by Shapeable Porous Materials
Authors: Jing Xue‐Zhuo , Li Hai‐Ruo , Di Zhengyi , Liu Qing‐Xiang , Li Cheng‐Peng
Published: July 2024

Nuclear energy is a competitive and environmentally friendly low‐carbon energy source. It is seen as an important avenue for satisfying energy demands, responding to the energy crisis, and mitigating global climate change. However, much attention has been paid to achieving the effective treatment of radionuclide ions produced in nuclear waste. Initially, advanced adsorbents were mainly available in powder form, which meant that additional purification processes were usually required for separation and recovery in industrial applications. Therefore, to meet the practical requirements of industrial applications, materials need to be molded and processed into forms such as beads, membranes, gels, and resins. Here, we summarize the fabrication of porous materials used for capturing typical radionuclide ions, including UO22+, TcO4−, IO3−, SeO32−, and SeO42−.
Quitting silently: A longitudinal research on the impact of workplace conflict and nonviolent work behavior
Authors: Bansal Suhans , Garg Naval
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to explore the moderation effect of nonviolent work behavior on the relationship between workplace conflict and quiet quitting. The study is based on a longitudinal research design and uses AMOS to explore the results. Age and gender were used as control variables. The results suggest that the two dimensions of workplace conflict, that is, relationship and task conflicts, lead to the development of quiet quitting among Indian IT industry employees. The results also indicate that practicing nonviolent work behavior can reduce the development of quiet quitting arising out of workplace conflict. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies that confirm the moderating role of nonviolent work behavior on the relationship between workplace conflict and quiet quitting, especially in India.
Plant‐derived exosomes: A new frontier in nano‐medicine for cancer and microbial infection therapy
Authors: Maitra Swastika , Sarkar Subham , Dhara Bikram
Published: July 2024

Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have emerged as pivotal players in cell‐to‐cell communication. Plant‐derived exosomes, in particular, are gaining attention for their potential therapeutic applications in nano‐medicine. These vesicles are naturally occurring nanoparticles that carry bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and ability to traverse biological barriers, plant‐derived exosomes present a promising alternative to synthetic nanoparticles for drug delivery, especially in cancer and microbial infection therapy. Exosomes are secreted by almost every cell and are profusely present in all living organisms, making them excellent candidates for a large spectrum of research and applications. This paper describes the highly organized and regulated biosynthesis of exosomes and the prospects of their application in cancer therapy and treatment of microbial infections.
Optimal interference mitigation with deep learningbased channel access in wireless body area networks
Authors: Periyamuthaiah Sakthivel , Vembu Sumathy
Published: July 2024

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are essential for medical applications, especially in remote health monitoring, as they transmit crucial and time‐sensitive data collected by nodes positioned around or within the body. However, the coexistence of WBANs with wireless channels can degrade performance due to interference. This study introduces OIM‐DLCAM, an optimal interference mitigation scheme for WBANs, which utilizes a deep learning‐based channel access method. OIM‐DLCAM addresses interference through the multiobjective Hungarian optimization (MOHO) algorithm, considering design constraints such as node transmission power, packet delivery ratio, and interference range. Additionally, it employs a deep probabilistic neural network‐based channel access method (DPNN‐CAM) to effectively mitigate interference by making decisions regarding contention window size, frame length, and buffer size. The proposed OIM‐DLCAM scheme ensures fairness between users while enhancing system performance. Simulation results from both static and dynamic sensor node scenarios demonstrate its effectiveness under various conditions, showcasing its potential to improve WBAN performance in medical applications. The simulations reveal that OIM‐DLCAM outperforms existing state‐of‐the‐art schemes across various scenarios, with efficiency gains of up to 86.187%, 72.452%, and 47.954% for WBAN node density, mobility, and packet arrival rate, respectively. Moreover, it significantly reduces the average end‐to‐end delay and packet drop rate while improving throughput and packet delivery ratio compared with existing schemes. Additionally, comparisons with industry standards, such as the IEEE 802.15.4e norm, validate the suitability of OIM‐DLCAM for cofounded WBANs.
“Nobody Here Likes Her”—The Impact of Parental Verbal Threat Information on Children's Fear of Strangers
Authors: Nimphy Cosima A. , Elzinga Bernet M. , Van der Does Willem , Van Bockstaele Bram , Pérez‐Edgar Koraly , Westenberg Michiel , Aktar Evin
Published: July 2024

Parental verbal threat (vs. safety) information about strangers may induce fears of these strangers in adolescents. In this multi‐method experimental study, utilizing a within‐subject design, parents provided standardized verbal threat or safety information to their offspring (N = 77, Mage = 11.62 years, 42 girls) regarding two strangers in the lab. We also explored whether the impact of parental verbal threat information differs depending on the social anxiety levels of parents or fearful temperaments of adolescents. Adolescent's fear of strangers during social interaction tasks was assessed using cognitive (fear beliefs, attention bias), behavioral (observed avoidance and anxiety), and physiological (heart rate) indices. We also explored whether the impact of parental verbal threat information differs depending on the social anxiety levels of parents or fearful temperaments of adolescents. The findings suggest that a single exposure to parental verbal threat (vs. safety) information increased adolescent's self‐reported fears about the strangers but did not increase their fearful behaviors, heart rate, or attentional bias. Furthermore, adolescents of parents with higher social anxiety levels or adolescents with fearful temperaments were not more strongly impacted by parental verbal threat information. Longitudinal research and studies investigating parents’ naturalistic verbal expressions of threat are needed to expand our understanding of this potential verbal fear‐learning pathway.
Strong and consistent effects of waterbird composition on HPAI H5 occurrences across Europe
Authors: Yin Shenglai , Xu Chi , Zhang Yong , de Boer Willem F. , Mundkur Taej , Artois Jean , Velkers Francisca C. , Takekawa John Y. , Si Yali , Tian Huaiyu , Han Guan‐Zhu , Chen Yuyang , Chai Hongliang , Cui Lijuan , Huang Zheng Y. X.
Published: July 2024

Since 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 have been dominating the outbreaks across Europe, causing massive deaths among poultry and wild birds. However, the factors shaping these broad‐scale outbreak patterns, especially those related to waterbird community composition, remain unclear. In particular, we do not know whether these risk factors differ from those of other H5 clades. Addressing this knowledge gap is important for predicting and preventing future HPAI outbreaks. Using extensive waterbird survey datasets from about 6883 sites, we here explored the effect of waterbird community composition on HPAI H5Nx (clade 2.3.4.4) spatial patterns in the 2016/2017 and 2020/2021 epidemics in Europe, and compared it with the 2005/2006 HPAI H5N1 (clade 2.2) epidemic. We showed that HPAI H5 occurrences in wild birds in the three epidemics were strongly associated with very similar waterbird community attributes, which suggested that, in nature, similar interspecific transmission processes operate between the HPAI H5 subtypes or clades. Importantly, community phylogenetic diversity consistently showed a negative association with H5 occurrence in all three epidemics, suggesting a dilution effect of phylogenetic diversity. In contrast, waterbird community variables showed much weaker associations with HPAI H5Nx occurrence in poultry. Our results demonstrate that models based on previous epidemics can predict future HPAI H5 patterns in wild birds, implying that it is important to include waterbird community factors in future HPAI studies to predict outbreaks and improve surveillance activities.
Food availability aligns with contrasting demographics in populations of an at‐risk songbird
Authors: Keele Emma C. , Fiss Cameron J. , McNeil Darin J. , Anderson Meredith , Thomas Nathan , Shaffer Dakotah , Larkin Jeffery L.
Published: July 2024

Golden‐winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) have become rare across much of their historic breeding range and response to conservation efforts is variable. Evidence from several recent studies suggests that breeding output is a primary driver explaining responses to conservation and it is hypothesized that differences in food availability may be driving breeding output disparity between two subpopulations of the warbler's Appalachian breeding range. Herein, we studied two subpopulations: central Pennsylvania (“central subpopulation”), where breeding productivity is relatively low, and eastern Pennsylvania (“eastern subpopulation”), where breeding productivity is relatively high. To test the food‐availability hypothesis in this system, we measured density of caterpillars, plasma lipid metabolites (triglycerides [TRIG; fat deposition] and glycerol [GLYC; fat breakdown]), body mass of adults males, and acquired body mass data for fledglings at 38 sites managed for nesting habitat. Consistent with our prediction, leaf‐roller caterpillar density, the group upon which Golden‐winged Warblers specialize, was 45× lower in the central subpopulation than the eastern subpopulation. TRIG concentrations were highest within the eastern subpopulation during breeding grounds arrival. The change in TRIG concentrations from the breeding‐grounds‐arrival stage to the nestling‐rearing stage was subpopulation dependent: TRIG decreased in the eastern subpopulation and was constant in the central subpopulation, resulting in similar concentrations during the nestling‐rearing stage. Furthermore, GLYC concentrations were higher in the eastern subpopulation, which suggests greater energy demands in this region. Despite this, adult male warblers in the eastern subpopulation maintained a higher average body mass. Finally, fledgling body mass was 16% greater in the eastern subpopulation than the central subpopulation before and after fledging. Collectively, our results suggest that poor breeding success of Golden‐winged Warblers in the central subpopulation could be driven by lower availability of primary prey during the breeding season (leaf‐roller caterpillars), and this, in turn, limits their response to conservation efforts.
Predicting the distribution of potentially suitable habitat in China for Cirsium japonicum Fisch. ex DC. under future climate scenarios based on the R‐optimized MaxEnt model
Authors: Fang Hu‐Qiang , Jiang Zi‐Xuan , Chen Shi‐Mao , Xie Tao , Xue Yu , Song Jia , Yang Qing‐Shan
Published: July 2024

Cirsium japonicum contains a variety of medicinal components with good clinical efficacy. With the rapid changes in global climate, it is increasingly important to study the distribution of species habitats and the factors influencing their adaptability. Utilizing the MaxEnt model, we forecasted the present and future distribution regions of suitable habitats for C. japonicum under various climate scenarios. The outcome showed that under the current climate, the total suitable area of C. japonicum is 2,303,624 km2 and the highly suitable area is 79,117 km2. The distribution of C. japonicum is significantly influenced by key environmental factors such as temperature annual range, precipitation of the driest month, and precipitation of the wettest month. In light of future climate change, the suitable habitat for C. japonicum is anticipated to progressively relocate toward the western and northern regions, leading to an expansion in the total suitable area. These findings offer valuable insights into the conservation, sustainable utilization, and standardized cultivation of wild C. japonicum resources.