bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steepest-descent block-iterative methods for a finite family of quasi-nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Buong Nguyen
Published: September 2021

In this paper, for solving the variational inequality problem over the set of common fixed points of a finite family of demiclosed quasi-nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces, we propose two new strongly convergent methods, constructed by specific combinations between the steepest-descent method and the block-iterative ones. The strong convergence is proved without the boundedly regular assumptions on the family of fixed point sets as well as the approximately shrinking property for each mapping of the family, that are usually assumed in recent literature for similar problems. Applications to the multiple-operator split common fixed point problem (MOSCFPP) and the problem of common minimum points of a finite family of lower semi-continuous convex functions with numerical experiments are given.
Ensayo de tracción de estructuras cuadradas 2-D construidas con fusión por haz de electrones
Authors: Mutlu Bilçen
Published: September 2021

Hoy en día, la fabricación aditiva (AM) hace posible la producción de piezas metálicas complejas, y el uso de la aleación de titanio conocida como Ti6Al4V con AM se ha convertido en una aplicación común en la industria. Uno de los diseños más prometedores para AM es el uso de estructuras de celosía que ofrecen piezas livianas con propiedades de alta resistencia y amortiguación. Debido a estas características, su importancia está aumentando día a día en sectores que requieren alta tecnología como el aeroespacial. En este estudio, dos especímenes de estructura de celosía 2D diferentes que tienen la misma densidad de celosía, pero uno con espesor de pared, el otro sin espesor de pared, se han producido con el método de fusión por haz de electrones y se ha experimentado su resistencia a la tracción. Comparando la deformación de ambas muestras, el espesor de la pared afecta en gran medida los valores de deformación. De acuerdo con las pruebas FEM y de tracción, las muestras con espesor de pared demostraron un comportamiento mejorado de la resistencia a la tracción. La producción se llevó a cabo con los mismos valores de los parámetros de producción. Las superficies de las fracturas se escanean con el microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM).
The Role of Neural Networks and Metaheuristics in Agile Software Development Effort Estimation
Authors: Kaushik Anupama , Tayal Devendra Kumar , Yadav Kalpana
Published: September 2021

In any software development, accurate estimation of resources is one of the crucial tasks that leads to a successful project development. A lot of work has been done in estimation of effort in traditional software development. But, work on estimation of effort for agile software development is very scant. This paper provides an effort estimation technique for agile software development using artificial neural networks (ANN) and a metaheuristic technique. The artificial neural networks used are radial basis function neural network (RBFN) and functional link artificial neural network (FLANN). The metaheuristic technique used is whale optimization algorithm (WOA), which is a nature-inspired metaheuristic technique. The proposed techniques FLANN-WOA and RBFN-WOA are evaluated on three agile datasets, and it is found that these neural network models performed extremely well with the metaheuristic technique used. This is further empirically validated using non-parametric statistical tests.
Artificial Neural Network Training Algorithms in Modeling of Radial Overcut in EDM
Authors: Das Raja , Pradhan Mohan Kumar
Published: September 2021

This chapter describes with the comparison of the most used back propagations training algorithms neural networks, mainly Levenberg-Marquardt, conjugate gradient and Resilient back propagation are discussed. In the present study, using radial overcut prediction as illustrations, comparisons are made based on the effectiveness and efficiency of three training algorithms on the networks. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), the most traditional non-traditional manufacturing procedures, is growing attraction, due to its not requiring cutting tools and permits machining of hard, brittle, thin and complex geometry. Hence it is very popular in the field of modern manufacturing industries such as aerospace, surgical components, nuclear industries. But, these industries surface finish has the almost importance. Based on the study and test results, although the Levenberg-Marquardt has been found to be faster and having improved performance than other algorithms in training, the Resilient back propagation algorithm has the best accuracy in testing period.
A Framework for an Artificial-Neural-Network-Based Electronic Nose
Authors: Ismail Mudassir , Majeed Ahmed Abdul , Albastaki Yousif Abdullatif
Published: September 2021

Machine odor detection has developed into an important aspect of our lives with various applications of it. From detecting food spoilage to diagnosis of diseases, it has been developed and tested in various fields and industries for specific purposes. This project, artificial-neural-network-based electronic nose (ANNeNose), is a machine-learning-based e-nose system that has been developed for detection of various types of odors for a general purpose. The system can be trained on any odor using various e-nose sensor types. It uses artificial neural network as its machine learning algorithm along with an OMX-GR semiconductor gas sensor for collecting odor data. The system was trained and tested with five different types of odors collected through a standard data collection method and then purified, which in turn had a result varying from 93% to 100% accuracy.
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Modeling of Odor Threshold Property of Diverse Chemical Constituents of Black Tea and Coffee
Authors: Krishna Jillella Gopala , Ojha Probir Kumar
Published: September 2021

The authors have developed an artificial neural network model using odor threshold (OT) property data for diverse odorant components present in black tea (76 components) and coffee (46 components). The models were validated in terms of both internal and external validation criteria signifying acceptable results. The authors found the significant features controlling the OT property using Mean Absolute Error (MAE)-based criteria in a backward elimination of descriptors, one in each turn. The present results well-corroborated the previously published PLS-regression based chemometric model results.
Vocal Acoustic Analysis
Authors: Teixeira João Paulo , Alves Nuno , Fernandes Paula Odete
Published: September 2021

Vocal acoustic analysis is becoming a useful tool for the classification and recognition of laryngological pathologies. This technique enables a non-invasive and low-cost assessment of voice disorders, allowing a more efficient, fast, and objective diagnosis. In this work, ANN and SVM were experimented on to classify between dysphonic/control and vocal cord paralysis/control. A vector was made up of 4 jitter parameters, 4 shimmer parameters, and a harmonic to noise ratio (HNR), determined from 3 different vowels at 3 different tones, with a total of 81 features. Variable selection and dimension reduction techniques such as hierarchical clustering, multilinear regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. The classification between dysphonic and control was made with an accuracy of 100% for female and male groups with ANN and SVM. For the classification between vocal cords paralysis and control an accuracy of 78,9% was achieved for female group with SVM, and 81,8% for the male group with ANN.
Identification of Optimal Process Parameters in Electro-Discharge Machining Using ANN and PSO
Authors: Kumar Kaushik , Davim J. Paulo
Published: September 2021

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process is a widely used machining process in several fabrication, construction and repair work applications. Considering Pulse-On Time, Pulse OFF time, Peak-Current and Gap voltage as the inputs and among all possible outputs, in the present work Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness are considered as outputs. In order to reduce the number of experiments Design of Experiments (DOE) was undertaken using Orthogonal Array and later on the outputs were optimized using ANN and PSO. It was found that the results obtained from both the techniques were tallying with each other.
Conventional and Non-Conventional ANNs in Medical Diagnostics
Authors: G. Devika , Karegowda Asha G.
Published: September 2021

Computer technology advancements in recent days have offered professionals in different fields the ability to gather data, process information, store, and retrieve at a faster rate and make effective decisions. The large collection of data among all various applications including medical diagnosis has paved the need to employ advanced artificial neural networks (ANN). This chapter provides a detailed working view of ANN, covering its various architectures and design techniques in brief. A detailed analysis and summary of medical diagnostics applications using various ANN techniques will be leveraged. Imbalanced data is the major problem with medical data. This chapter briefs on the various methods to handle imbalanced data. Finally, future directions and potential current challenges are suggested for additional applications in neural networks.
Analysis of Precipitation Variability using Memory Based Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Debbarma Shyama , Choudhury Parthasarathi , Roy Parthajit , Kumar Ram
Published: September 2021

This article analyzes the variability in precipitation of the Barak river basin using memory-based ANN models called Gamma Memory Neural Network(GMNN) and genetically optimized GMNN called GMNN-GA for precipitation downscaling precipitation. GMNN having adaptive memory depth is capable techniques in modeling time varying inputs with unknown input characteristics, while an integration of the model with GA can further improve its performances. NCEP reanalysis and HadCM3A2 (a) scenario data are used for downscaling and forecasting precipitation series for Barak river basin. Model performances are analyzed by using statistical criteria, RMSE and mean error and are compared with the standard SDSM model. Results obtained by using 24 years of daily data sets show that GMNN-GA is efficient in downscaling daily precipitation series with maximum daily annual mean error of 6.78%. The outcomes of the study demonstrate that execution of the GMNN-GA model is superior to the GMNN and similar with that of the standard SDSM.
Computational Performance Analysis of Neural Network and Regression Models in Forecasting the Societal Demand for Agricultural Food Harvests
Authors: Balaji Prabhu B. V.  , Dakshayini M.
Published: September 2021

Demand forecasting plays an important role in the field of agriculture, where a farmer can plan for the crop production according to the demand in future and make a profitable crop business. There exist a various statistical and machine learning methods for forecasting the demand, selecting the best forecasting model is desirable. In this work, a multiple linear regression (MLR) and an artificial neural network (ANN) model have been implemented for forecasting an optimum societal demand for various food crops that are commonly used in day to day life. The models are implemented using R toll, linear model and neuralnet packages for training and optimization of the MLR and ANN models. Then, the results obtained by the ANN were compared with the results obtained with MLR models. The results obtained indicated that the designed models are useful, reliable, and quite an effective tool for optimizing the effects of demand prediction in controlling the supply of food harvests to match the societal needs satisfactorily.
Chaotic System Design Based on Recurrent Artificial Neural Network for the Simulation of EEG Time Series
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: September 2021

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals captured from brain activities demonstrate chaotic features, and can be simulated by nonlinear dynamic time series outputs of chaotic systems. This article presents the research work of chaotic system generator design based on artificial neural network (ANN), for studying the chaotic features of human brain dynamics. The ANN training performances of Nonlinear Auto-Regressive (NAR) model are evaluated for the generation and prediction of chaotic system time series outputs, based on varying the ANN architecture and the precision of the generated training data. The NAR model is trained in open loop form with 1,000 training samples generated using Lorenz system equations and the forward Euler method. The close loop NAR model is used for the generation and prediction of Lorenz chaotic time series outputs. The training results show that better training performance can be achieved by increasing the number of feedback delays and the number of hidden neurons, at the cost of increasing the computational load.
Living With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Jadeja Mansi , Firdaus Jamila
Published: September 2021

The need to understand the quality of life of people with intellectual disability is crucial as this mental disability is considered to be a major setback for any individual and his/her family. Current researches focus on creating an equal platform to understand intellectual disability in order to gain more acceptances from the masses, especially for the families who have a member suffering from intellectual disability. The age of the family member and available care taking measures are also of critical value. Models of therapy/interventions drawn from previous evidence-based practices give a bright picture.
Time for a Change
Authors: Fishelson Rotem Israel
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the use of smartphones by people with intellectual disabilities (ID) has increased, leading to the development of applications designed to ease and improve their lives and independence, and help them integrate into society. Designing applications tailored to the needs of these users is complex, particularly in terms of accessibility and usability. This chapter presents a case study of the design and development process of a dedicated application aimed at helping people with mild ID in handling cash transactions. The chapter explores the design principles of mobile interfaces for people with ID. It introduces the use of the design thinking methodology, which focuses on user-centered design and helps gain an in-depth knowledge of the end users and their needs. Based on the performed user research, recommendations for the design of such applications are highlighted.
Diversity, Disability, and Addressing the Varied Needs of Learners
Authors: Dalton Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2021

This chapter presents a thorough examination of international and U.S. legal and educational foundations which justify instructional variation and diversification for all students, particularly for those with disabilities. With the exploration of various instructional frameworks, objective setting, methods and strategies, materials, and outcomes assessment, the reader develops an understanding of instructional diversification and why it is important for students with and without disabilities. The diverse educational approaches of differentiated instruction, multi-sensory instruction, Bloom's taxonomy of learning, understanding by design, and universal design for learning are presented and explained.
Youth-Centered Transition Planning for Students With Disabilities Who Experience Foster Care
Authors: Harwick Robin
Published: September 2021

Youth with disabilities who experience foster care (YDFC) often experience poor long-term adult outcomes. However, when educators help them access appropriate services and supports YDFC can reach their maximum potential. This chapter describes a youth-centered approach to transition planning for this vulnerable population and highlights essential elements to consider during the process such as disability, mental health, trauma, resilience, self-determination, culture, and how trauma impacts mental health. The chapter concludes with an example of creating a youth-centered plan, possible tools to use, and additional resources.
College Bound?
Authors: Hawkins Jacqueline , Santi Kristi L. , McDaniel Elizabeth P.
Published: September 2021

Increasing numbers of students with disabilities who have been included in high school have transitioned to college over the past several decades. While many of those students are eligible for accommodations in high school, fewer of those same students with disabilities request or receive accommodations in college. The purpose of this chapter is to present the need to begin the transition process early, present the self-knowledge and skills that students need to support their success, outline the language, laws, and culture of college that students must negotiate, and propose the use of the summary of performance as an initial solution to the challenge of transition. Inclusive education has done much to spur changes in higher education and disability support. The supports are available in higher education. Students need the knowledge and skills to access them, use them, and self-advocate with their college counselors and instructors to meet their goals.
Addressing Word Recognition Difficulties of Adolescents With Dyslexia
Authors: Bhattacharya Alpana
Published: September 2021

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of evidence-based word analysis approaches for promoting accurate and fluent reading of complex words by adolescents with a specific reading disability (i.e., dyslexia). First, research has been reviewed to pinpoint the characteristics and causes of dyslexia as a specific learning disability. Specifically, two theories of dyslexia, the phonological theory of dyslexia and the magnocellular theory of dyslexia, have been discussed to ascertain the causal attributes of phonological awareness deficits and auditory and visual sequencing deficits to word recognition difficulties of adolescents with dyslexia. Next, two theories of word recognition, particularly the dual-route model of word recognition and connectionist model of word recognition, have been discussed to clarify the mechanism underlying the manifestation of dyslexia and resultant difficulties with word recognition. Finally, evidence-based word analysis programs have been described as approaches for improving word reading ability of adolescents with dyslexia.
Research Competence for Teaching Students With Disabilities Act (IDEA) in Russian General Education
Authors: Aleshina Ekaterina Yuryevna , Lubov Belyanina , Tankov Nikolai , Simakova Olga , Sedrakyan Sedrak , Ahtyan Anna , Akhtian Ema
Published: September 2021

Research Competence for Teaching Students with Disabilities Act (IDEA) in Russian General Education needs of students with disabilities are caused by patterns of impaired development: difficulties of interaction with environment (first of all, with surrounding people), problems of individual development; the smaller speed of reception and processing of sensory information; the smaller volume of the information remaining in memory; problems of verbal expression (for example, difficulties in development of verbal generalizations and in nomination of objects); problems of development of any movements (slowness, difficulties of coordination); the slow rate of mental development as a whole; increased fatigability. Taking into account special educational requirements, special educational conditions are created for children with disabilities. Difficulties in interactions with social environment are also caused by special features of development of students with disabilities.
Practical Examples of Using Switch-Adapted and Battery-Powered Technology to Benefit Persons With Disabilities
Authors: Anderson Cindy L. , Anderson Kevin M.
Published: September 2021

Handmade switch-adapted toys and LED lights were created by a first grader student as part of a makerspace activity to aid a person with disabilities. Commercial toys and light strings were adapted for ease of use by interrupting the electrical current by use of a handmade battery interrupter and the addition of remote switches. In addition, an illuminated glove was created using conductive thread, LED lights, and an Arduino LilyTiny controller to enable the person with disabilities to signal turns on a disability scooter using hand signs. Basic information on the creation of these materials and their possible use are presented in this chapter.
All Together Now
Authors: Scarlatos Lori , Engoron Eric , Block Pamela , Evans Cassandra
Published: September 2021

A common problem for people with disabilities, particularly those who rely on mobility devices, is learning to navigate a new environment. This is especially troublesome for students who are attending a new university and need to figure out how to get from one place to another. All Together Now is a mobile multi-player cooperative game developed for two purposes. First, the game, developed by two computer scientists and a disability studies scholar, is intended to give disabled students a fun way to learn their way around campus, learn how to report accessibility issues on that campus, and make friends with people who have similar disabilities. Second, the game can be used as a way of fostering awareness and advocacy among students without disabilities, by having them work in teams where one member is someone with a disability that causes them to rely on mobility devices. This article describes the implementation of the game within a disability studies course and the results of two pilot tests, with both disabled and non-disabled participants.
The Use of New Technologies to Improve Attention in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities
Authors: Murdaca Anna Maria , Fabio Rosa Angela , Caprì Tindara
Published: September 2021

The aim of the work is to present the potential use of various technologies in special needs teaching, demonstrating how their use may enhance some basic learning processes in individuals with disabilities. A detailed analysis of national and international literature revealed that most studies have demonstrated that ICT use plays an important role in supporting students with intellectual disability. This article presents two studies. The main objective was to study the role of eye-gaze digital games to improve attentional and motivation abilities in two groups: girls with Rett Syndrome (RTT) and children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Application Mobile Design for Blind People
Authors: Maldonado Alma L. Esparza , Bironche Alberto Montoya , Garcia Elizabeth Vazquez , Álvarez Rodríguez Francisco Javier , Benítez-Guerrero Edgard , Casillas Carlos A. Medina , De la Cruz Jose F. , Hernandez Nephtali A.
Published: September 2021

The team software process is a methodology focused on software development on gears, which at the end of the construction ensures product quality. This quality must be taken into account for people with disabilities like visual impairment. According to World Health Organization, in a study conducted in 2010, the number of people with visual impairment in the world is around 285,389 million people, and in America, it is around 26,612 million. This chapter focuses on using the TSP for the construction of an application for people with visual disabilities, resulting in a quality product that will help in memory and, in addition, the user learns about the city of Aguascalientes, Mexico, allowing the inclusion of these users in society.
Response to Intervention in the State of Florida
Authors: Hightower Regina Winnette
Published: September 2021

The 2004 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act led to an era of educational reform that called for scientifically based curriculum and data-driven decision-making when devising instructional strategies. Response to intervention was subsequently endorsed. Because students with disabilities were being included within the general education setting during this time, many states like Florida, made use of the multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS). This process was used to plan and problem-solve effective teaching strategies to improve student performance in reading and in mathematics. This chapter explores how Florida has used MTSS to narrow achievement gaps and create educational opportunities for all students.
Hands-On Activities to Keep Students With Disabilities Engaged in K-12 Classrooms
Authors: Khazanchi Pankaj , Khazanchi Rashmi
Published: September 2021

The central aim of this chapter is to identify the best practices in hands-on activities to keep students with disabilities engaged in K-12 classrooms. With diversity being a key component in today's classroom, teachers struggle in devising strategies to keep students with disabilities stay engaged. Improving student's learning by keeping them engaged is vital for our nation's competitiveness. Studies have shown the role of hands-on activities in improving engagement of students with disabilities. This chapter will define student engagement and will highlight some of the causes of student disengagement in classroom, relationship between hands-on activities and student engagement, need of hands-on activities/project-based learning in 21st century classrooms, creative ways to implement hands-on activities, connecting hands-on activities with the real-world situations, creating hands-on activities for students with disabilities in self-contained and inclusion classrooms, and matching students' interest and learning styles when developing hands-on activities.
Use of Humanoid Robots for Students With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Tuna Ayşe , Ahmetoğlu Emine
Published: September 2021

In parallel with the significant developments in robotics, humanoid robots have become popular recently. It is known that when humanoid robots are used for educational goals, students become more interested in learning activities, develop better situation awareness through exercises and physical activities, and learn more effectively. Therefore, humanoid robots will possibly play a key role in education in the future. Since humanoid robots have enhanced social skills, are able to repeat a particular sequence many times, and provide real-time feedback, they can improve the engagement of students with intellectual disabilities and may find significant acceptance in specific target groups, such as students with autism spectrum disorder. In this chapter, the authors investigate the use of humanoid robots for students with intellectual disabilities and review existing approaches in this domain. In addition, limitations and challenges to the use of humanoid robots for educational goals are discussed. Finally, the authors investigate research challenges in this domain and state future research directions.
Working With a Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Individual With Specific Learning Disability
Authors: Yan Ruixia
Published: September 2021

With the constantly rising multilingualism in the United States, cultural and linguistic diversity is gradually becoming more and more present at schools throughout the country. Therefore, there is a critical need for resources to support speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to work with culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) clients. This case study examines a CLD client with a diagnosis of specific learning disability (SLD). SLD is a disorder characterized by one or more significant impairments in reading, spelling, writing, or arithmetical skills, which are not the direct result of other disorders or inadequate schooling. This chapter discusses approaches to appropriately assess the client's language skills and provides intervention suggestions to account for the CLD nature of the client and her SLD.
Evidence-Based Transition Practices
Authors: Soldner James L. , Peter Dimity , Sajadi Shahrzad , Paiewonsky Maria
Published: September 2021

Preparing youth to become active and independent citizens is a critical goal for all societies. However, youth with disabilities are less likely to achieve the same adult outcomes as their non-disabled peers. Although there is a growing body of research that has identified best practices regarding the facilitation of youth with disabilities from school to an inclusive adult life, many teachers do not have the requisite skills or knowledge to facilitate this process. This chapter explores best practices in transition education for teachers beyond the academic content, identifying eight key strategies that should inform teacher preparation programs. Using a case study from Iran, this chapter critically reflects on the relevance of these strategies in an international context, where inclusion and education of students with disabilities is an emerging field.
Behavioral Impacts Associated With Students With Disabilities in Australian Schools
Authors: Tencati Anthony Charles
Published: September 2021

This chapter explores the link between students with disabilities, the behaviours they exhibit, the impact this has on their schooling, and the impact upon others. The author's school has a population of about 1,000 students, of whom over 10 percent have verified disabilities. According to Education Council (2016), data regarding the number of students with disabilities is inconsistent between schools in Australia's states and territories, however, there are schools throughout Australia that have large numbers of students with verified disabilities. This is reinforced by the Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (2018) where in 2017 there were about 18.8 percent of Australian school students with a verified disability. It is not surprising, therefore, that these statistics are concerning and research continues to be a priority. Identifying appropriate pedagogies and more effective management strategies for these students will benefit them, their families, and the community, and contribute to solving pressing issues in these students' lives.
The Inclusion and Support of Students With Disabilities in the South African Higher Education System
Authors: Ntombela Sithabile , Mahlangu Vimbi Petrus
Published: September 2021

The intention of this chapter is to contribute to the scholarship of diversity, equity, and inclusivity in contemporary higher education. Its purpose is to develop an understanding of pedagogical issues concerning the inclusion and support of students with disabilities in the South African higher education system through literature review. The chapter will contribute to debate on policy imperatives and how these have informed practice, the social model of disability and its role in shaping educational provision, access and support constraints as products of intersectionality of disability and disablement, and possible ways to re-culture higher education for support.
Impact of Widowhood and Disability Among Elderly
Authors: S. Irudaya Rajan , S. Sunitha
Published: September 2021

Aging is a natural phenomenon in which widowhood and disability are the major characteristics of concern. The main objective of the chapter is to sift the relationship between widowhood and disability by gender. It examines the factors affecting female elderly with the disability and measures both subjective and objective disabilities. This study is evidenced from the Kerala Ageing Survey (KAS), 2013, with a sample of 7668 elderly in which 58% are females. Three major physical disabilities, namely vision, hearing, and walking, and mental disabilities, such as cognitive impairment and depression, are to be analyzed through the data. Before that, disability trends and prevalence of both India and Kerala by age and sex are closely examined through census figures. It is revealed that elderly women are at risk of many factors compared to their male counterparts. They are vulnerable to multiple disabilities. The prevalence of disability is more among elderly females after the age of 70. The main physical problem of elderly is vision followed by movement and hearing impairment.
The Adult Transition Challenge of Autistic Individuals and the Way Ahead
Authors: Mishra Piyush
Published: September 2021

Autism is a life-long neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social communication, restricted and repetitive behaviors, and sensory processing issues. In India, there is a huge question mark regarding autistic individuals after they transition into adulthood, more specifically in housing and work options. In this chapter, beginning from the general considerations for upbringing of an autistic individual, attention is given to the need for future planning of autistic adults, more specifically in residential options. Some of the major residential centres are described followed by projections on establishing residential facilities. Following this, examples of life skills training, employment, and inclusion initiatives taking place in India are mentioned. Finally, research directions and other expectations aimed at increasing support for parents and siblings and also improving the lives of individuals on spectrum are discussed.
Mark's Story
Authors: Kent Mark , Tissot Catherine
Published: September 2021

The personal story of Mark Kent is not an easy one to read or to ignore. This chapter shares the difficult life story of Mark's journey from an individual who was sexually and emotionally abused as a child to one where he is currently in a healthy and happy marriage with four children. Mark attributes this success to his Asperger's Syndrome and the support of his family, but he also realizes he is an exceptional case study. He advocates for much better awareness, sexual education, and overall acceptance on the part of society to ensure others can overcome the same challenges he has faced.
The Trouble With Tinder
Authors: Mazur Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

Although research indicates that almost all emerging adults in the U.S. use the internet, little is known about the online dating experiences of persons with disabilities. Particularly in developed countries, online dating currently accounts for a substantial proportion of the initiation of romantic relationships and promises numerous advantages for persons with disabilities. Online dating includes a way to escape disability stigma, at least initially, access to a wide network of potential partners, and a convenient, private, and efficient method of meeting them. Online daters can be strategic in how they present both themselves and their disabilities, the manner in which they communicate with potential partners, and whether they join a large, popular dating site or a specialized disability-oriented one. The chapter discusses how the nine-step process of online dating might differ for or challenge emerging adults with various types of disabilities, sharing relevant research and media examples when available. The implications of popular mobile dating apps are also considered.
An Accessible City is a Healthy and People-Centred Smart City
Authors: Marchigiani Elena
Published: September 2021

Accessibility for all is an inspiring issue for future urban agendas. In European cities, the ageing of urban population and the growth of social and economic disparities call for interdisciplinary reflection and practice on the relations between well-being and inclusion and the organization and upgrading of public facilities. The challenge is to ensure the usability of urban spaces to the largest extent of persons, according to their different capabilities. Based on research developed at the University of Trieste (Italy), and taking the region Friuli Venezia Giulia as its main study context, the article questions a variety of recent urban tools and policies in order to show their level of innovation and the obstacles that still oppose their more effective integration. The aim is to highlight possible fields for public action and the need to rethink planning instruments and technical skills in the frame of a user experience and smart design approach.
The Bases to Meet the Global Enterprise Challenge in University Students From Mexico
Authors: Cervantes-Guzmán Jovanna Nathalie
Published: September 2021

It is necessary for university students to be trained with real cases so that they experience experiential learning, where they have a concrete experience and learn from it. Integrating training, education, and soft skills to arm them with the necessary tools to develop an entrepreneurial intention is done by training multidisciplinary work using business models adapted to teaching entrepreneurship as part of the global enterprise challenge, thus avoiding drifting talent trained in universities, which does not find a stimulus to knowledge to achieve the development of their venture. Providing it from schoolwork can lead to potential businesses through the association of different university careers to generate and enhance multidisciplinary professional student-student relationships.
Innovation Paths in Italian Schools
Authors: Tirocchi Simona , Taddeo Gabriella , Albano Emilio
Published: September 2021

Almost 10 years after the Cl@ssi 2.0 project began in Italy, the contribution intends to take stock of the consequences and the development of the project, broadening the view to the role of informal learning and the new 4.0 technologies, with a look at the effects of the emergence of COVID-19. The last part of the chapter focuses on the role of new enabling technologies in the future model of 4.0 learning which in turn fits into the Society 5.0 framework. These scenarios will offer insights for a concluding reflection on Society 5.0, a society in which the integration of technologies will offer an opportunity to develop all sectors of social life, including the education and training sector.
Changes in the Marketing Orientation Within the Business Model of an International Retailer
Authors: Rjoub Husam , Iloka Chiemelie Benneth , Venugopal Vimala
Published: September 2021

Reported in this paper is an interview- and press release-based study that considers the market-driven and market-driving activities within the disaggregated components of a business model. This is based on an empirical study of IKEA in Malaysia over the past 20 years. Market orientation is perceived to be a position on a continuum, not a binary one. The components of the business model employed in this study were developed from Osterwalder and Pigneur. Findings show that over time the balance between driven and driving orientations of the company changed in a number of ways with respect to its business models. This chapter contributes by showing the disaggregated nature of market orientation of driving and driven activities and linking them to a given component of business model as well as reviewing what happened to the driven-driving balance over the course of time. This approach can widely be applied with respect to attempts geared towards understanding the dynamic nature of international retailing.
Neoliberal Approach in Higher Education
Authors: Riasat Mamoona , Akkaya Bulent
Published: September 2021

Differentiation strategies face higher uncertainty and dynamism because of design and functionality of their service in higher education. This is closely related with contextual knowledge and neoliberal approach. Researchers provide the contextual knowledge of neoliberal approach in Pakistan and state of social justice regarding higher education in the country. Neoliberal approach in education has been identified as a new trend in developing countries. Business approach in education has started treating education as a commodity and students as a costumer. Knowledge-based economy is one of the strongest factors influencing the neoliberal approach in higher education. There are certain circumstances for adaptation of this approach in higher education; however, the intellectual community needs to be aware of the pros of this approach. Humanitarian approach need to be taken care of by the government bodies in higher education. Ethical and leadership programs based on agile management may be helpful for faculty members to reduce social injustice through their teaching approach.
Comparison of Turkey and the Netherlands Social Housing Policies
Authors: Bek Nahit
Published: September 2021

In this study, social housing policies developed for the housing needs of the poor citizens in Turkey and the Netherlands were examined. In this context, the aim of the study is to compare the extent of social housing policies implemented in Turkey and the Netherlands by presenting both countries policies on this subject. Another goal of this study is to develop suggestions based on research results. Most important roles in determining the social housing policies in Turkey belong to central administration. In the Netherlands, the central administration has transferred its authorization to local municipalities and housing associations. The data obtained were analyzed with the Maxqda data analysis program. At the end of the analysis, similar and different aspects of social housing policies have been presented. As a result, although there are similarities found in housing finance, it has been observed that there are different policies in terms of housing supply. In this context, policy transfer is a recommended approach that will contribute to the solution.
Public-Private Partnership for Healthcare in China
Authors: Yu Poshan , Xu Yifei
Published: September 2021

In order to ensure the sustainable development of public private partnership (PPP) model and make the PPP health project ultimately meet the public expectation, the budgetary control and performance evaluation for PPP project is an important research topic. Budgetary control and performance evaluation is not only an important basis for project performance improvement, but also an important means for public departments to monitor and manage PPP health projects. This chapter aims to examine the effectiveness of PPP projects on the healthcare service provision in China. By analyzing the regional government finance and performances, this chapter attempts to elaborate the current dynamic of Chinese healthcare resources allocation by using PPP, and how this dynamic could be associated with the changing landscape of local economic conditions, in particular whether the application of PPP would help those regions with poor economic performance to close a gap in healthcare delivery.
Melanoma Detection From Lesion Images Using Optimized Features Selected by Metaheuristic Algorithms
Authors: Mukherjee Soumen , Adhikari Arunabha , Roy Madhusudan
Published: September 2021

This paper deals with a simple but efficient method for detection of deadly malignant melanoma with optimized hand-crafted feature sets selected by three alternative metaheuristic algorithms, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Simulated Annealing (SA). Total 1898 number of features relating to lesion shapes, colors and textures are extracted from each of the 170 non-dermoscopy camera images of the popular MED-NODE dataset. This large feature set is then optimized and the number of features is reduced to up-to the range of single digit using metaheuristic algorithms as feature selector. Two well-known supervised classifiers, i.e. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are used to classify malignant and benign lesions. The best classification accuracy result found by this method is 87.69% with only 7 features selected by PSO using ANN classifier which is far better than the results found in the literature so far.
Exploring the Impact of Government Interventions on COVID-19 Pandemic Spread in Kuwait
Authors: Sana S. BuHamra  , Al Dallal Jehad
Published: September 2021

To model the trajectory of the pandemic in Kuwait from February 24, 2020 to February 28, 2021, we used two modeling procedures: Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) with structural breaks and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), and then mapped the key breakpoints of the models to the set of government-enforced interventions. The MARS model, as opposed to the ARIMA model, provides a more precise interpretation of the intervention's effects. It demonstrates that partial and total lockdown interventions were highly effective in reducing the number of confirmed cases. When some interventions, such as enforcing regional curfews, closing workplaces, and imposing travel restrictions, were combined, their impact became significant. MARS method is recommended to be applied when exploring the impact of interventions on the spread of a disease. It does not require any prior assumptions about the statistical distribution of data, does not affect data collinearity, has simple and transparent functions, and allows for a more accurate analysis of intervention results.
Privacy Rating of Mobile Applications Based on Crowdsourcing and Machine Learning
Authors: Pan Bin , Guo Hongxia , You Xing , Xu Li
Published: September 2021

With the advent of the 5G network era, the convenience of mobile smartphones has become increasingly prominent, the use of mobile applications has become wider and wider, and the number of mobile applications. However, the privacy of mobile applications and the security of users' privacy information are worrying. This article aims to study the ratings of data and machine learning on the privacy security of mobile applications, and uses the experiments in this article to conduct data collection, data analysis, and summary research. This paper experimentally establishes a machine learning model to realize the prediction of privacy scores of Android applications. The establishment of this model is based on the intent of using sensitive permissions in the application and related metadata. It is to create a regression function that can implement the mapping of applications to score . Experimental data shows that the feature vector prediction model can uniquely be used to represent the actual usage and scheme of a system's specific permissions for the application.
Impact of Non-Interest Income on Bank Efficiency: Evidence from Sri Lanka
Authors: Weerasuriya J. S. P. D. S. B. , Rathnayake R. M. A. K. , Fernando P. J. S.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To explore the impact of non-traditional activities on both the cost and profit efficiency of banks as the measures of banks’ performance for the context of Sri Lanka. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study has considered systemically important banks in Sri Lanka as the sample and a panel data set for the period 2009 to 2019 obtained from annual reports of the banks. Estimation of bank efficiency was based on Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The efficiency of banks estimated using Cobb-Douglas and Translog Frontier forms.Findings: The efficiency scores indicate that profit efficiency of banks have decreased due to the involvement in non-traditional activities while the cost efficiency of banks have increased due to the involvement in non-traditional activities. The analysis shows that technology development has a significant impact on profit inefficiency under both cobb-douglas and translog models, while ATM development has only a significant impact on cost inefficiency under translog model when banks engage in both traditional and non-traditional banking activities. Yet, both profit and cost inefficiency of banks does not influence due to the ownership status of banks under the both models. Originality: This study contributes to the extant literature by highlighting the impact of inclusion of non-interest income as the secondary source of banks’ income to the banks’ performance in terms of profit and cost efficiencies as existing literature is silent regarding in this aspect.