bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Koseki Ives Alexandre Yutani , Marciano Neto João Hélio Alves , Campanher Djeison Mikael , Nunes Simoni Euzébio , Araujo Daniel Brito de , Bueno Elza Cristina Miranda da Cunha
Published: July 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, occurring mainly in the young, socioeconomically active age group. Both the recurrent-remitting course of symptoms and the chronicity of the disease impact patients’ quality of life (QoL). Objective: determine the contributing factors associatedwith QoL in IBD patients in a tertiary service. Methods: a cross-sectional study of patients seen at the IBD outpatient clinic of the Federal University of Pelotas from January to November 2020, with clinical and laboratory data collection. Disease assessment was performed using Crohn’s Disease Activity Index for Crohn’s disease and Mayo score for ulcerative colitis and quality of life through the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). Results: the presence of a history of depression resulted in a significant impact on the overall QoL (p = 0.005) andmainly in the systemic symptoms (p = 0.04), social (p <0.001), and emotional (p = 0.008) domains. Regarding disease activity, statistical significance was evidenced in the intestinal symptoms domain (p <0.001) and overall QoL (p <0.001). Conclusion: a history of psychiatric illness and IBD disease activity were predictors of poorer QoL assessed by the IBDQ.
Influence of physical activity on psychological states in adults during the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Camacho-Cardenosa Alba , Camacho-Cardenosa Marta , Merellano-Navarro Eugenio , Trapé Átila Alexandre , Apolinario Thiago , Brazo-Sayavera Javier
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Long periods of home confinement may lead to fear, panic, anxiety, and depression states, which, in turn, could drive to a reduction of active lifestyles. Objetive: To determine the association between the characteristics of the physical activity performed and the risk of experiencing mental health issues among peopleduring confinement. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional, and observational study design was conducted in Iberoamerican countries with a sample of 4,948 participants, selected through a snowball sampling technique. The study started on March 15th, 2020, and was completed in August 2020 through an online survey that includeddemographic and medical data, mental health status, and physical activity characteristics. Results: Brazilianwomen aged between 18 and 29 who stayed at home more than 19 hours per day presented a relevant higher risk for all the mental health problems analyzed in this study. A low level of physical activity during the isolation period presents the highest probability of depression compared to higher levels (OR = 1.317). In addition, using a no professional resource to do physical activity is a predictive factor of adverse mental health status (OR Anxiety= 1.396, OR Depression = 1.452, and OR Stress = 1.220). Conclusions: A low level of physical activity during a long isolation period is associated with a higher prevalence of depression, and the use of professional resources for physical activity may be a protective factor for mental health disorders.
Entre crises e dilemas persistentes: uma análise dos programas de permanência estudantil nas universidades federais brasileiras
Authors: Borges Eduardo Henrique Narciso , Gouvea Adriane Pereira , Barbosa Maria Ligia de Oliveira
Published: July 2022

Nos últimos anos, o ensino superior brasileiro tem enfrentado inúmeros problemas referentes aos processos de turbulência econômica, ciclos de recessão e redução de custos para a manutenção das instituições, horizonte agravado pelos efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19. Este cenário reacendeu a discussão sobre a importância da ampliação e os impasses para a manutenção dos programas de permanência estudantil universitária. Este trabalho se propõe a analisar, a partir de revisão da literatura e a discussão de dados secundários, a construção das políticas públicas de assistência e permanência estudantil no país a partir da implementação do Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES), debatendo seus efeitos nas trajetórias discentes e abordando os problemas atualmente enfrentados visando a permanência, a conclusão dos cursos e a equidade no interior do sistema.
Prevalence and Predictors of Food Insecurity Among Stroke Survivors in the United States
Authors: Kim-Tenser May A. , Ovbiagele Bruce , Markovic Daniela , Towfighi Amytis
Published: July 2022

Background:

Food insecurity (FI)—lack of consistent access to food due to poor financial resources—limits the ability to eat a healthy diet, which is essential for secondary stroke prevention. Yet, little is known about FI in stroke survivors.

Methods:

Using data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2015, we analyzed the prevalence, predictors, and temporal trends in FI among adults with and without self-reported prior stroke in this cross-sectional study. Age-standardized prevalence estimates were computed by self-reported history of stroke over survey waves. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants who had a prior stroke to identify independent predictors of FI by self-reported history of stroke.

Results:

Among 48 242 adults ≥20 years of age, 1877 self-reported history of stroke. FI was more prevalent among people with prior stroke (17%) versus those without prior stroke (12%;
P
<0.001). Prevalence of FI increased over time from 7.8% in 1999 to 42.1% in 2015 among stroke survivors and from 8% to 17% among individuals without prior stroke (
P
<0.001). The age-standardized prevalence of FI over the entire time was 24% among stroke survivors versus 11% among individuals without prior stroke (
P
<0.001). In the adjusted model, younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.96 [0.95–0.97];
P
<0.01), Hispanic ethnicity (aOR, 2.12 [1.36–3.31];
P
<0.01), lower education (aOR, 1.67 [1.17–2.38];
P
<0.01), nonmarried status (aOR, 1.49 [1.01–2.19];
P
=0.04), and poverty income ratio <130% (aOR, 3.78 [2.55–5.59];
P
<0.01) were associated with FI in those with prior stroke.

Conclusions:

One in 3 stroke survivors reported FI in 2015, nearly double the prevalence in those without stroke. Addressing the fundamental drivers of FI and targeting vulnerable demographic groups may have a profound influence on stroke prevalence.
A Dynamic Neural Field Model of Multimodal Merging: Application to the Ventriloquist Effect
Authors: Forest Simon , Quinton Jean-Charles , Lefort Mathieu
Published: July 2022

Multimodal merging encompasses the ability to localize stimuli based on imprecise information sampled through individual senses such as sight and hearing. Merging decisions are standardly described using Bayesian models that fit behaviors over many trials, encapsulated in a probability distribution. We introduce a novel computational model based on dynamic neural fields able to simulate decision dynamics and generate localization decisions, trial by trial, adapting to varying degrees of discrepancy between audio and visual stimulations. Neural fields are commonly used to model neural processes at a mesoscopic scale—for instance, neurophysiological activity in the superior colliculus. Our model is fit to human psychophysical data of the ventriloquist effect, additionally testing the influence of retinotopic projection onto the superior colliculus and providing a quantitative performance comparison to the Bayesian reference model. While models perform equally on average, a qualitative analysis of free parameters in our model allows insights into the dynamics of the decision and the individual variations in perception caused by noise. We finally show that the increase in the number of free parameters does not result in overfitting and that the parameter space may be either reduced to fit specific criteria or exploited to perform well on more demanding tasks in the future. Indeed, beyond decision or localization tasks, our model opens the door to the simulation of behavioral dynamics, as well as saccade generation driven by multimodal stimulation.
Invariance, Encodings, and Generalization: Learning Identity Effects With Neural Networks
Authors: Brugiapaglia S. , Liu M. , Tupper P.
Published: July 2022

Often in language and other areas of cognition, whether two components of an object are identical or not determines if it is well formed. We call such constraints identity effects. When developing a system to learn well-formedness from examples, it is easy enough to build in an identity effect. But can identity effects be learned from the data without explicit guidance? We provide a framework in which we can rigorously prove that algorithms satisfying simple criteria cannot make the correct inference. We then show that a broad class of learning algorithms, including deep feedforward neural networks trained via gradient-based algorithms (such as stochastic gradient descent or the Adam method), satisfies our criteria, dependent on the encoding of inputs. In some broader circumstances, we are able to provide adversarial examples that the network necessarily classifies incorrectly. Finally, we demonstrate our theory with computational experiments in which we explore the effect of different input encodings on the ability of algorithms to generalize to novel inputs. This allows us to show similar effects to those predicted by theory for more realistic methods that violate some of the conditions of our theoretical results.
Differential Geometry Methods for Constructing Manifold-Targeted Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Claudi Federico , Branco Tiago
Published: July 2022

Neural computations can be framed as dynamical processes, whereby the structure of the dynamics within a neural network is a direct reflection of the computations that the network performs. A key step in generating mechanistic interpretations within this computation through dynamics framework is to establish the link among network connectivity, dynamics, and computation. This link is only partly understood. Recent work has focused on producing algorithms for engineering artificial recurrent neural networks (RNN) with dynamics targeted to a specific goal manifold. Some of these algorithms require only a set of vectors tangent to the target manifold to be computed and thus provide a general method that can be applied to a diverse set of problems. Nevertheless, computing such vectors for an arbitrary manifold in a high-dimensional state space remains highly challenging, which in practice limits the applicability of this approach. Here we demonstrate how topology and differential geometry can be leveraged to simplify this task by first computing tangent vectors on a low-dimensional topological manifold and then embedding these in state space. The simplicity of this procedure greatly facilitates the creation of manifold-targeted RNNs, as well as the process of designing task-solving, on-manifold dynamics. This new method should enable the application of network engineering–based approaches to a wide set of problems in neuroscience and machine learning. Our description of how fundamental concepts from differential geometry can be mapped onto different aspects of neural dynamics is a further demonstration of how the language of differential geometry can enrich the conceptual framework for describing neural dynamics and computation.
Spring Colors in the Han Palace: A Late Qing Reappraisal of the Life of Empress Zhang (202-163 BCE)
Authors: Milburn Olivia
Published: July 2022

At the very end of the Qing dynasty, Xue Fucheng (1838-1894) and his circle produced a series of writings about empresses and imperial consorts of previous dynasties, in which they constructed a sympathetic discourse about elite women who had suffered exploitation and abuse. This paper analyzes a single text, Spring Colors in the Han Palace (Hangong chunse), and argues that this collection of short stories was written to explore new perspectives on the life of Empress Zhang (202-163 BCE) and reconfigure her as a symbol of patriarchal oppression. The empress is described as a paragon of virtue, who has fully internalized traditional Confucian models of how a woman should behave; a process which has left her so mentally and emotionally crippled that she is unable to deal with the challenges she faces during her lifetime. In these tales, Empress Zhang’s biography is reappraised in the light of late Qing progressive discourses about social norms, as well as tackling such controversial issues as women’s chastity and footbinding.
Open water grouping behaviour in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) of the Salish Sea
Authors: Elliser Cindy R. , Anderson David , Derie Trevor , MacIver Katrina , Shuster Laurie
Published: July 2022

Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) commonly form larger congregations at haul out locations during times of rest and pupping season, but are generally thought to be solitary at sea. Occasionally larger clusters of individuals may be observed swimming near haul out sites, forced bottlenecking channels or mouths of rivers with concentrated prey and restricted space. Recently, isolated occurrences of mass gatherings of harbour seals have been observed in the Salish Sea that were distanced from haul out sites (over 1 km away) or forced bottlenecking regions. In April-June (but primarily May) 2019–2021 juvenile and adult harbour seals in Burrows Pass (Anacortes, WA, USA) were observed in large groups () ranging in size from 6–50 individuals () within 1-2 body lengths of each other and periodically diving down seemingly hunting and chasing prey. These groupings primarily occurred during flood and slack high tides. Based on the surface level activity observed, habitat type, the frequency of individuals using the area for foraging year round and the tidal preferences during the occurrences, it is likely these are foraging events. Similar large groups have been documented () in the South Puget Sound and Central Puget Sound, first observed in 2016 and officially documented in February of 2017. These groupings (from 20–30 to 150+) occurred year round and at varied tidal states. While some sightings were obviously foraging behaviour, others appeared to be resting, traveling or socializing. Open water behaviour of harbour seals is not well documented, and a literature review found no other published accounts of large in-water groupings. Investigation of ecological relationships (like prey spawning, prey abundance, or other environmental correlates) and observation of underwater harbour seal behaviour will aid in determining the reason for this seemingly novel behaviour.
Handloom and Powerloom Industries in Odisha: A Historical Analysis
Authors: Prusty Jnana Ranjan , Mallick Sambit
Published: July 2022

The handloom industry in India is an ancient cottage industry with a decentralized setup that provides jobs to about 35 million people. Handloom established its reputation in the global market long before the industrial revolution. Today, India’s handloom and spinning wheel produces the largest variation of designs. It continued to flourish despite the oppression of the British Government. In India the powerloom sector is the dominant player in the weaving process. It contributes more than 60 percent of the total textile production. The powerloom units are meeting the textile products required for the domestic market as well as for the export of the same. Against this backdrop this article dwells upon the history of the handloom and powerloom industry in India in general, and Odisha in particular. This article is based on only secondary data.
Democratic Regime in Myanmar and the Rights of the Rohingya Community
Authors: Mohajon Arpita , Uddin Kamal
Published: July 2022

The right of ethnic minorities, particularly those of the Rohingyas, have been continually and repeatedly denied in Myanmar. When Aung San Suu Kyi’s party came into power, the right of various ethnic groups, especially the rights of Rohingyas during Suu Kyi’s regime were violated. Unfortunately, the conditions for the Rohingya have continued to worsen. The findings of this research show that the human rights of Rohingya in Myanmar were challenged during Aung San Suu Kyi’s so-called democratic regime via ethnic cleansing owing to the absence of real democratic norms, unequal treatment, and state-sponsored violations of human rights against the Rohingya community. The key reasons behind the failure to ensure the rights of the ethnic Muslim minority include militarism in the democratic structure, a lack of democratic institutions, international politics and the interest of powerful countries, a lack of democratic culture, and an aggressive attitude towards the Rohingya. Finally, the paper proposes some policy implications.
Shadows in Medieval Optics, Practical Geometry, and Astronomy: On a Perspectiva Ascribed to Thomas Bradwardine
Authors: Lička Lukáš
Published: July 2022

In examining the roles of the shadow (umbra) in medieval science, this paper analyses a hitherto unstudied early fourteenth-century optical treatise with the incipit Perspectiva cum sit una (PCSU), which, on the basis of medieval evidence, may arguably be attributed to Thomas Bradwardine. The third part of this treatise, on shadows, presents the doctrine of three shadow shapes – a doctrine which was popular in pre-modern optics and astronomy and was important in explaining eclipses – as well as the theory of umbra recta and versa, parallels of (co)tangent functions, which were essential for (instrumental) measurements. While the bulk of the treatise draws on John Peckham’s Perspectiva communis, an extensive analysis of medieval canons to astronomical tables, manuals of practical geometry and texts on instruments leads us to Campanus of Novara’s Practica quadrantis as the chief source of the last chapter of PCSU. Finally, the paper reflects on whether the light-centred conception of optics embodied in the PCSU may echo an alternative current to the otherwise predominantly sight-centred approach in pre-modern optics.
The Christian-Ecumenical Imagination of Avery Dulles, S.J.
Authors: Orji Cyril
Published: July 2022

This paper puts the spotlight on the seminal contribution of Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J., (1918–2008) on Church reform. When many post-Conciliar theologians were caught in the binary poles of fidelity to tradition or innovation, Dulles embraced a creative middle ground of both-and, devoting much of his writings to the corporate reform of the Church as an institution. In honouring his legacy, this paper shows how contemporary church reform programmes can avoid the dangers of confrontation or polemics by finding an equilibrium between fidelity to tradition and commitment to innovation, in the way that Dulles did.
Failing Forward
Authors: Habibi Roojin , Hodgson Timothy Fish , Hoffman Steven J.
Published: July 2022

Despite the pandemic’s widespread and transnational impact on human rights, both solidarity and human rights have been side-lined in key intergovernmental discussions on global health law reform to date, while conversations about the development of international human rights law seldom consider global health law’s import to the field. This article argues that in spite of states’ apparent reluctance to reconcile and harmonise global health law and international human rights law for fairer and more effective public health emergency preparedness and response, international law experts and practitioners are well-placed to indirectly influence normative development in this direction, drawing on their past successes in clarifying and elaborating upon informal international legal standards. Merging strengths from existing legal frameworks of global health law and international human rights law, such expert standard setting efforts can help reimagine a “progressively harmonised” framework of legal regimes for public health emergency preparedness and response.
Envy and Culture – An Interdisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Bierstedt Annemarie , Stodulka Thomas
Published: July 2022

Research on envy across cultures is scarce. Existing studies are predominantly limited to Eurocentric experimental snapshots. As a careful suggestion to diversify methods, samples and theory in envy-related studies, this essay presents a review and an interdisciplinary methodological suggestion to analyse semi-structured interviews of persons with diverse socialisation backgrounds. The essay illustrates that the triggers and objects of envy, its experience, associated expressions and actions, are shaped by socialised emotion norms and feeling rules, emotion socialisation practices, cultural values and social change. The essay concludes that careful qualitative comparisons between different culture socialisation groups in real-life situations and lifeworlds are remarkably absent from interdisciplinary research. This is an epistemological void, considering the significant contributions of ethnography in emotion research.
‘Home Feeling in the Heart’: Domestic Feeling and Institutional Space in the American Progressive Era
Authors: Fama Katherine
Published: July 2022

Writing on either side of the emotional watershed of the 1920s, Jane Addams and Anzia Yezierska documented and fictionalised the domestic institutional spaces of the American Progressive Era, from settlements to charity homes. Writing from the perspectives of settlement administrator and immigrant resident, each found emotions central to the era’s crossing of domestic and public spheres, professionalisation of charity and social work, and encounters between middle-class and labouring-immigrant cultures. Their writings portrayed the institutional home as host to the conflicting expressions of middle-class workers and immigrant occupants, a crucible of emotional cultures. Each argued for the importance of emotional encounters and empathy in institutional domestic space, writing back to the dominant professional constraints on women’s emotional expression in the era. Addams and Yezierska advocated for emotional knowledge and drive, challenging the exile of emotional logic and language from women’s emerging public roles. The value and expression of public emotions – as Yezierska’s fictions suggest – proved possible unevenly, along lines of institutional power.
‘The Effect of London’: Urban Atmospheres and Alice Meynell’s London Impressions
Authors: Talu Cigdem
Published: July 2022

This essay examines urban atmospheres and emotions in the 1898 essay collection London Impressions by British writer, poet and suffragist Alice Meynell. I argue atmospheres are spatialised emotions and investigate the atmospheric dimension of Meynell’s text and her impressions, through a vocabulary of immersion and movement. Within her own manipulation of a ‘visual’ vocabulary, Meynell transforms impressions into atmospheres, the visual into sensorial, moving from the painterly to atmospheric experience, notably through the medium of fog and smoke and other climate indicators. I argue urban atmospheres are the main feature the text brings forth (even through – and perhaps especially because of – the filter of the written word). By probing the application of the history of emotions’ methodologies within architectural and urban history, I argue the concept of ‘atmosphere’ is a productive analytical category to examine visual and textual sources.
Angels, Virgins, Demons, Whores: Moving Towards an Antiracist Praxis by Confronting Modern Investment Law Scholarship
Authors: Van Ho Tara
Published: July 2022

Racism is not a natural phenomenon. Historically, it was socialised into global existence through intentional acts that have become embedded parts of the international legal order and domestic social systems. Rejecting racism and developing alternative antiracist approaches similarly require intentionality. One area of concern for scholars is how our linguistic and framing choices perpetuate or reproduce racialised hierarchies. In this article, I employ I. Bennett Capers’s ‘Reading Black’ methodology to interrogate racialised narratives embedded in four contributions to modern international investment law debates. The purpose is not to condemn the individual authors but to identify how the socialisation and structures of racism continue to affect our scholarship. Premised on the belief that countering implicit, racialised biases is a normative good, I examine how it can also facilitate better scholarship. I offer suggestions that researchers and journals can take, individually and collectively, to develop antiracist praxes.
Incoming: How International Investment Law Constrains Foreign Investment Screening
Authors: Voon Tania , Merriman Dean
Published: July 2022

Domestic screening of foreign investment, often on national security grounds, has intensified in recent years. More countries are introducing such regimes, while others expand their scope or allow retrospective screening. These developments increase the potential for investor–State claims under international investment agreements, even sometimes regarding investments that are not yet established. Host States need to be aware of the potential for adverse screening decisions, the imposition of conditions, or due process shortcomings to conflict with investment obligations, such as fair and equitable treatment or most-favoured nation treatment. Although tools exist in some treaties to exclude or exempt investment screening, these may not prevent a successful investment claim. For example, listing a screening regime as a non-conforming measure may not cover all future amendments, and general and security exceptions are subject to considerable uncertainty. Host States need to ensure compliance with international investment law in creating and developing screening regimes.
Fair Game, Fair Play – The Advocacy of International Assistance for Developing Host States in Negotiating Investment Contracts
Authors: Wu Wendy Shidi , Tsang Vanessa
Published: July 2022

The obsolescing bargaining model suggests that the bargaining power involving large-scale investment projects eventually shifts from investors to host States, especially in extractives and infrastructure sectors. However, investor-State dispute settlement has become a potent mechanism for investors to claim remedies after a breach of contract, making it costly for host States to deviate from contractual terms. Hence, it is crucial to get investment contracts right at the negotiation stage. Yet, under-resourced developing countries often arrive at suboptimal contracts, due to a lack of clear objectives and a consistent strategy, multidisciplinary expertise, and access to information. Some institutional solutions are available, ranging from indirect to direct negotiation assistance. While helpful, indirect assistance is inadequate to meet the needs of developing countries. In comparison, direct negotiation assistance provided by organizations, such as African Legal Support Facility, International Senior Lawyers Project, and CONNEX, is more immediate and effective, and in the long-term interest of both host States and investors.
The City, the Body, and the World of Things
Authors: Karsono Sony
Published: July 2022

In late New Order Indonesia, industrialization generated among Jakarta’s intellectuals a sense of entrapment in an ‘onrushing century’ where the storm of progress had thrown their life into turmoil. What did it mean for them to find their urban experiences structured by this turmoil, which poet Afrizal Malna called an ‘architecture of rain’? Sensing that corporeal and material history may hold the key to this question, I look into why a section of New Order Jakarta’s intellectual class felt they were leading a hyper-fast, overheated life, and how they tried to come to terms with it. Focusing on thing-centred and embodied experiences, I use the tension between Jakarta’s social history and Afrizal Malna’s biography and literary work to spark a different understanding of contemporary Indonesian urbanism.
Binary Inversions and Gender Fluidity in the Malay Sitcom Senario
Authors: Lee Luqman
Published: July 2022

This article examines the performance of non-heteronormative modes of gender in Malaysia’s longest-running Malay sitcom, Senario. My close textual reading centres on two episodes to identify the show’s linkages with broader Malay socio-cultural attitudes about gender fluidity. Three facets of Senario’s non-heteronormativity are foregrounded: (1) the religio-cultural belief that gender fluidity, sexual deviancy, and non-heteronormative identities are ‘conditions’ that can be ‘corrected’; (2) that this gender ‘correction’ is a recourse that privileges the masculine, and (3) that heteronormative binary roles are sustained even when imagining inversions of gender. By correlating these performances with wider religious and cultural beliefs/practices, and historical developments, it is observed that Senario’s gender performatives were heavily influenced by, and inflected with, real-world biases towards non-heteronormative communities. This work represents a meaningful step towards addressing the present lacuna of critical scholarship on Malay television representations of non-heteronormative gender identities.
Verhoeven’s Living Negritos and the Story of Zakharias Ze
Authors: Forth Gregory
Published: July 2022

A Catholic priest and amateur palaeontologist, Father Theodor Verhoeven (SVD) is best known for his discovery of sites on Flores Island (Indonesia) that yielded fossilized remains of Middle Pleistocene stegodons and lithic materials suggesting early occupation by pre-sapiens hominins. Eventually, these finds influenced investigations that resulted in the discovery of Homo floresiensis in Liang Bua cave. Verhoeven’s earliest fieldwork, however, concerned other Florenese caves, where he found Late Holocene remains of small-bodied Homo sapiens which he identified as ‘negritos’ or ‘proto-negritos.’ In this article, I present new evidence revealing that Verhoeven believed negritos survived on Flores as discrete populations during his own time and, moreover, that one such negrito was a fellow Catholic priest. Though Verhoeven died 13 years before the discovery of floresiensis, his views on both prehistoric and living ‘negritos’ suggest that he would likely—though ultimately incorrectly—have interpreted both as descendants of floresiensis and earlier hominin contemporaries of Middle Pleistocene stegodons. The significance of Verhoeven’s palaeoanthropological and archaeological discoveries for subsequent, professional research illustrates one of the most remarkable collaborations between academics and amateurs in the history of anthropology.
The Myth of Sino–Thai Brotherhood: Archival Evidence on Thailand’s Relations with China in Continental Southeast Asia in the 1990s
Authors: Bunyavejchewin Poowin , Intasi Wichian , Buddharaksa Watcharabon
Published: July 2022

Thailand–China relations have often been described metaphorically as fraternal, signifying the special place China has in Thai foreign policy. However, Sino–Thai brotherly friendship is an illusion. Based on archival evidence recently made available in Bangkok, this study provides a new account of Thailand’s relations with China in the 1990s, usually described by scholars as the period of partnership. This study argues that during this period, Thai foreign policy vis-a-vis China was almost exclusively driven by the Kingdom’s national interests, framed by its consistent diplomatic mentality over time. Specifically, the primacy of national interest was a modus operandi of Thailand’s China policy. Notably, Bangkok policymakers viewed China’s expanding role and influence in mainland Southeast Asia and throughout Asia as a long-term threat to the Kingdom’s security. Thus, ironically, China and Thailand might not be termed brothers but possibly in a distant fraternal relationship that some might categorize as “others.”
The Aborted Process of the Protests in Morocco: The Case of the “February 20” Movement
Authors: Ourya Mohamed
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes the dynamics that led to the failure of the Moroccan protest “February 20” movement. It explains how the failure is due to its internal ideological divergences and external elements. At the internal level, the “February 20” missed an excellent opportunity to constitute itself as a historical bloc as recommended by the Moroccan philosopher Mohamed Abed Al-Jabri. Largely polarized between leftist ideology and the Islamist movement. The internal ideological quarrels of the movement contributed to its subsequent failure. At the external level, faced with the central Moroccan power, the “Makhzen”, leading the political game, as well as the Machiavellianism of Moroccan political actors, the “February 20” movement found itself in the rejected category. He was abandoned by those who were themselves the defenders of his own ideas, before changing sides and approaching the political power and became a blessed category.
Social Conflict and Collective Behavior: Analysis of 9-S Protests in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Betin Jesús David Salas
Published: July 2022

On September 9, 2020, members of the Colombian national police killed Javier Ordóñez, a young lawyer from Bogotá. This event generated public outrage, sparking a wave of protests that lasted six days and left at least 12 people dead and 435 injured, among them civilians and police officers. This essay analyzes the dynamics of these protests to understand whether the collective action of citizens should be attributed to a structured process of conflict that aspires to social change or, on the contrary, to a particular form of frustration-aggression where factors indirectly affecting collective individualities—beliefs, customs, world views, rights, and obligations—prevailed.
A new informal group in Chusquea subg. Swallenochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) and emended descriptions for the Mexican endemics C. enigmatica and C. septentrionalis
Authors: RUIZ-SANCHEZ EDUARDO , CASTRO-CASTRO ARTURO , CLARK LYNN G.
Published: July 2022

The Neotropical genus Chusquea, with 197 described species, is the most diverse genus of bamboo worldwide. Mexico has 24 species of Chusquea representing two of the five subgenera: Chusquea subg. Chusquea and C. subg. Swallenochloa. Nineteen species belong to subg. Chusquea and just five to subg. Swallenochloa. Chusquea enigmatica, classified in subg. Chusquea, and C. septentrionalis, classified in subg. Swallenochloa, were both described from vegetative material. Based on recent  fieldwork in the Mexican states of Durango, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, and Sinaloa, we found new populations of C. enigmatica outside of the original localities in Hidalgo and San Luis Potosí. In San Luis Potosí, we found one population was flowering. For C. septentrionalis we found a new locality in Durango in which all individuals in the population were flowering, and a new population from Sinaloa. Here, we present emended morphological descriptions, illustrations, comparative tables, and a distribution map for C. enigmatica and C. septentrionalis. The reproductive characters of C. enigmatica are compared to C. lanceolata, whereas those of C. septentrionalis are compared to C. bilimekii and C. perotensis. We transfer C. enigmatica and C. gibcooperi, which share an unusual branching pattern involving intra- and extravaginal branching on the same plant, to subg. Swallenochloa. We also establish the C. lanceolata informal group within this subgenus to include C. enigmatica, C. gibcooperi and C. lanceolata, which share leptomorph rhizomes.
Pastinaca vanensis (Apiaceae), a new species from Turkey
Authors: DEMİR İBRAHİM , SEFALI ABDURRAHMAN , YAPAR YAKUP
Published: July 2022

Pastinaca vanensis is described as a new species from the Başkale district (Van-Turkey). Its diagnostic characteristics are discussed, and taxonomic comments are presented. P. vanensis is related to Pastinaca zozimoides but differs from this species in indumentum, petal color, and mericarp features. Data on ecology and the conservation status of the new species are also presented. A distribution map of the new and related species is provided.
Ottelia songmingensis, a new rank and combination of Hydrocharitaceae from China
Authors: LI ZHI-ZHONG , WANG QING-FENG , CHEN JIN-MING
Published: July 2022

N/A
The first cavernicolous Leuctridae (Insecta: Plecoptera) nymph from Guizhou, China
Authors: HUO QING-BO , WANG QI-MING , GUO XIAO-LEI , REHMAN ABDUR , YANG YU-BEN , DU YU-ZHOU
Published: July 2022

In this study, the first cavernicolous stonefly of China is reported from Guizhou Province, southwestern China. The morphological characteristics show that this species is a member of the genus Rhopalopsole Klapálek, 1912 (Plecoptera: Leuctridae). The pale coloration and the reduced compound eyes indicate that this species could be an obligate troglobitic taxon. The mtDNA COI barcode fragment of this species supports its assignment to Rhopalopsole and suggests it a distant relative to Rhopalopsole longispina Yang & Yang, 1991.
Two Extratropical Pathways to Forcing Tropical Convective Disturbances
Authors: Cheng Yuan-Ming , Tulich Stefan , Kiladis George N. , Dias Juliana
Published: July 2022

Observational evidence of two extratropical pathways to forcing tropical convective disturbances is documented through a statistical analysis of satellite-derived OLR and ERA5 reanalysis. The forcing mechanism and the resulting disturbances are found to strongly depend on the structure of the background zonal wind. Although Rossby wave propagation is prohibited in easterlies, modeling studies have shown that extratropical forcing can still excite equatorial waves through resonance between the tropics and extratropics. Here this “remote” forcing pathway is investigated for the first time in the context of convectively coupled Kelvin waves over the tropical Pacific during northern summer. The extratropical forcing is manifested by eddy momentum flux convergence that arises when extratropical eddies propagate into the subtropics and encounter their critical line. This nonlinear forcing has similar wavenumbers and frequencies with Kelvin waves and excites them by projecting onto their meridional eigenstructure in zonal wind, as a form of resonance. This resonance is also evidenced by a momentum budget analysis, which reveals the nonlinear forcing term is essential for maintenance of the waves, while the remaining linear terms are essential for propagation. In contrast, the “local” pathway of extratropical forcing entails the presence of a westerly duct during northern winter that permits Rossby waves to propagate into the equatorial east Pacific, while precluding any sort of resonance with Kelvin waves due to Doppler shifting effects. The intruding disturbances primarily excite tropical “cloud plumes” through quasigeostrophic forcing, while maintaining their extratropical nature. This study demonstrates the multiple roles of the extratropics in forcing in tropical circulations and illuminates how tropical–extratropical interactions and extratropical basic states can provide be a source of predictability at the S2S time scale.

Significance Statement

This study seeks to understand how circulations in the midlatitudes excite the weather systems in the tropics. Results show that the mechanisms, as well as the types of tropical weather systems excited, are strongly dependent on the mean large-scale wind structure. In particular, when the large-scale wind blows from east to west, a special type of eastward-moving tropical weather system, the Kelvin wave, is excited owing to its resonance with remote eastward-moving weather systems in the extratropics. On the contrary, when the average wind blows from west to east, midlatitude systems are observed to intrude into the lower latitudes and directly force tropical convection, the cloud plumes, while maintaining their extratropical nature. These results speak to how the midlatitudes can excite distinct types of tropical weather systems under different climatological wind regimes. Understanding these tropical weather systems and their interactions with the midlatitudes may ultimately help to improve predictions of weather beyond 2 weeks.
Surface Convergence Zones due to Lagrangian Residual Flow in Tidally Driven Estuaries
Authors: Kukulka Tobias , Chant Robert J.
Published: July 2022

Buoyant material, such as floating debris, marine organisms, and spilled oil, is aggregated and trapped within estuaries. Traditionally, the aggregation of buoyant material is assumed to be a consequence of converging Eulerian surface currents, often associated with lateral (cross-estuary) density gradients that drive baroclinic lateral circulations. This study explores an alternative aggregation mechanism due to tidally driven Lagrangian residual circulations without Eulerian convergence zones and without lateral density variation. In a tidally driven estuary, the depth-dependent tidal phase of the lateral velocity varies across the estuary. This study demonstrates that the lateral movement of surface trapped material follows the tidal phase, resulting in a lateral Lagrangian residual circulation known as Stokes drift for small-amplitude motions. For steeper bathymetry, the lateral change in tidal phase is greater and the corresponding lateral Lagrangian residual flow faster. At local depth extrema, e.g., in the thalweg, depth does not vary laterally, so that the associated tidal phase is laterally constant. Therefore, the Stokes drift is weak near depth extrema resulting in Lagrangian convergence zones where buoyant material concentrates. These ideas are evaluated employing an idealized analytic model in which the along-estuary tidal flow is driven by an imposed barotropic pressure gradient, whereas cross-estuary flow is induced by the Coriolis force. Model results highlight that convergence zones due to Lagrangian residual velocities are efficient in forming persistent aggregation regions of buoyant material along the estuary.

Significance Statement

Our study focuses on the aggregation of buoyant material (e.g., debris, oil, organisms) in estuaries. Traditionally, the aggregation of buoyant material is assumed to be a consequence of converging Eulerian surface currents, often associated with lateral (cross-estuary) density gradients that drive baroclinic lateral circulations. Our study explores an alternative aggregation mechanism due to tidally driven Lagrangian residual circulations without Eulerian convergence zones and without lateral density variation. Our results highlight that convergence zones due to Lagrangian residual velocities are efficient in forming persistent aggregation regions of buoyant material along the estuary.
School-to-Work Transition of Youth with Learning Difficulties: The Role of Motivation and Autonomy Support
Authors: Dubois Pascale , Guay Frédéric , St-Pierre Marie-Catherine
Published: July 2022

School-to-work transition is a challenging period for youth with learning difficulties (LD). Based on self-determination theory (SDT), we tested the role of autonomy support and motivation in predicting transition status and well-being among this population. This prospective study included 218 students with LD in their last year of a work-study program. They were surveyed at the end of the school year and 1 year later. Two structural equation models were tested: one with the transition status as the outcome and one with well-being. Analyses revealed that autonomy support from fathers was positively associated with autonomous motivation in both models, as was autonomy support from friends in the transition status model. Autonomous motivation positively predicted both outcomes, while controlled motivation negatively predicted them. In sum, the psychological resources proposed by SDT seem to matter for youth with LD, thereby providing support for the generalizability of SDT.
Experts’ views on improving the quality of non-stranger rape complainants’ accounts
Authors: Gajadhar Sharita , Bull Ray
Published: July 2022

Recent research consistently indicates that poor justice outcomes for non-stranger rape cases are caused in large part by limitations in the evidential relevance and judicial usefulness of accounts provided by complainants. As direct and other objective corroborating evidence is usually absent, the success of most police investigations and prosecutions of non-stranger rape relies heavily on complainants’ accounts. However, no study to date seems to have directly examined how the evidential relevance and judicial usefulness of such accounts can be improved. The present study explored the views of 16 American, Australian and British experts who work in the fields of sexual violence, investigative interviewing and criminal justice, on (a) information that needs to be elicited by police interviewers in order to obtain an evidentially relevant account from non-stranger rape complainants during their investigative interview; (b) requirements regarding a judicially useful account provided by non-stranger rape complainants and how these can be achieved; and (c) whether the current level of police interviewers’ knowledge of evidentially relevant and judicially useful accounts employed by them during investigative interviews with non-stranger rape complainants can be improved. And if so, how? Thematic analysis revealed three broad areas for improvements: (i) focus police interviewers’ questioning specifically on the legal elements and context of non-stranger rape; (ii) elicit clear, chronological and concise accounts; and (iii) provide evidence-based training and interview guidance. These areas, along with participants’ recommendations, are outlined. The implications of the present study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
“This Unfortunate Development”: Incarceration and Democracy in W. E. B. Du Bois
Authors: Mamet Elliot
Published: July 2022

Incarceration served as a primary apparatus by which abolition democracy was defeated after Reconstruction. Carceral institutions—such as the penitentiary, the convict-lease system, and the chain gang—functioned to demarcate the racial limits of citizenship and to impede equal political power. This article turns to W. E. B. Du Bois to argue that incarceration constrains democratic political equality. Turning to Du Bois’s treatment of crime and imprisonment in works including The Philadelphia Negro (1899), “The Spawn of Slavery” (1901), and The Souls of Black Folk (1903), alongside archival material, I situate incarceration in Du Bois’s democratic thought. According to Du Bois, carceral institutions bounded ideas of full citizenship, fueled panic over Black “criminality,” fomented feelings of inferiority, and hampered the possibility for abolition democracy, a multiracial, multiclass movement committed to worker democracy and a future rid of slavery and subjugation. Du Bois shows us how carceral institutions run into tension with democratic ideals.
Why the U.S. Military Lost Afghanistan
Authors: Travis Donald S.
Published: July 2022

Why did Afghanistan falter as a U.S. partner? America’s war in Afghanistan was lost for many reasons, but the U.S. military contributed to its downfall in two ways. First, U.S. combat units, trained to fight conventional battles, conducted counterterrorism operations (aka “search and destroy” missions) against guerilla forces that resulted in hardening the resolve of the enemy while causing widespread and senseless civilian casualties. Second, the Afghan military could not exist without U.S. logistical and material support. Because the Afghan Army was trained and equipped to fight a conventional-type war, they were incapable of operating independent of U.S. support, and could not survive on their own against guerrilla forces in a protracted civil war. Therefore, the Afghan security forces were not properly trained and equipped, demonstrating that the U.S. military repeated mistakes of the Vietnam War. It is argued that the United States must temper its conventional warfare mindset and re-direct resources toward improved ways to conduct limited wars against irregular adversaries. The constabulary forces concept described by Morris Janowitz is a feasible way to improve the chances that U.S. forces will succeed in such limited wars.