bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and implementation of budget policy in countries with a developed and transformational economy
Authors: Aristov Yurii
Published: November 2022

Relevance of the research topic. The development of social relations dictates the need for the formation and implementation of budget policy at a qualitatively new level, in particular by summarizing and systematizing the leading experience of a country with a developed and transformational economy. Problem setting. Important tasks in today's conditions are: increasing the effectiveness of the budget policy toolkit, ensuring budget stability and balance; optimization of the structure of income and expenditure parts of budgets at different levels. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems of the formation and implementation of budget policy in countries with developed and transformational economies are quite widespread in scientific studies: J. Keynes, P. Samuelson, S. Blankart, T. Kanevoi, L. Lysiak, I. Lukyanenko,  A. Mazaraki, V. Makogon, M. Pasichny, V. Fedosova, I. Chugunova and others. Isolation of unexplored parts of the general problem. The above-mentioned issues became relevant in connection with the deterioration of the trend of economic development both in countries with transformational and developed economies, which actualizes the issue of solving a number of specific tasks of the formation and implementation of budget policy. Setting the task, the goal of the research. The tasks of the research are: to reveal the essence of budget policy, its role in regulating socio-economic processes; study of the peculiarities of the formation of budget indicators at this stage of the development of social relations. The purpose of the study is to determine the priority areas of budget policy in countries with developed and transformational economies. Method or methodology of research. The article uses a set of scientific research methods: system approach, structuring, synthesis, etc. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The essence of budget policy, its role in regulating socio-economic processes is revealed. Peculiarities of the formation of budget indicators at this stage of the development of social relations have been studied. The priority areas of budget policy in countries with developed and transformational economies have been identified. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the process of formation and implementation of budget policy. Conclusions according to the article. The validity of the formation and implementation of the budget policy is an important condition for the development of social relations. In modern conditions, it is necessary to understand the multifaceted nature of the issues of ensuring budgetary stability and balance. Important tasks are to raise the quality level of budget policy based on the generalization and systematization of the leading experience of countries with developed and transformational economies in this field.
Sources of formation and directions of use of the budget of the Pension Fund of Ukraine
Authors: Malyshko Vitalina
Published: November 2022

Subject of research is the budget of the Pension Fund of Ukraine. The aim of the study is analysis the sources of formation and directions of use of the budget of the pension fund of Ukraine. The methods used during the study: generalization, the method of comparative analysis, the method of system-structural analysis and synthesis, statistical, general scientific, special methods of scientific knowledge and other research methods. The results of the work. The essence of the Pension Fund of Ukraine and the budget of the Pension Fund of Ukraine are characterized. It is indicated that the sources of formation of funds of the Pension Fund of Ukraine are included. The directions for using the funds of the Pension Fund of Ukraine are indicated. The scope of the results: Pension Fund of Ukraine, State Treasury Service of Ukraine, State Tax Service of Ukraine, Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, local self-government bodies, united territorial communities. Conclusions. A necessary condition for pension reform is the preparation of society and its consciousness for the acceptance of the new pension system. The reform will be successful only if all strata of the population are aware of its necessity, and most importantly, its positive impact on people's living conditions and well-being. As evidenced by the analysis of the pension system, progress through reforms puts forward demands for the social policy of the state. If the political will and the executive and legislative branches of government were enough to achieve the current gains, today, in order for the new system to work effectively, a broad socio-economic dialogue between all interested parties should be ensured: the state, business, public experts and labor groups. Ignoring potential problems can call into question all existing gains and discredit the system.
Mechanisms, motives and incentives for providing strategic priorities for the development of tourist enterprises in the rural
Authors: Marmul Larisa , Liudmyla Liudmyla , Yarovyy Vadym
Published: November 2022

The subject of the research is the theoretical and practical aspects of the functioning of tourist enterprises, including rural areas, the formation and use of their mechanisms, incentives and motives to ensure strategic development priorities and increase competitiveness in the future. The purpose of the work is to identify factors in the formation and use of mechanisms, incentives and motives for ensuring the strategic priorities of the development of tourism enterprises in the countryside, their components, effectiveness, and potential opportunities. The methodological basis of the article is general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge: system-structural analysis and synthesis, problem-targeted approach, statistical-economic, historical, monographic. Results of the article.  The article identifies competitive advantages, risks, bottlenecks, resources and opportunities as factors in the formation of mechanisms, incentives and motives for the development of tourist enterprises, including in the countryside. Their components and their role in ensuring the strategic priorities of tourist activity are defined. Grounded directions and sources of further improvement, primarily through consideration of environmental motives and incentives, application of mechanisms and tools of behavioral economics and finance, aesthetic components. Field of application of results. The results can be used by tourism enterprises, territorial communities, regional and state authorities, public organizations, individual entrepreneurs and activists, institutions of higher education, scientific institutions. Conclusions. When substantiating mechanisms, identifying motives and developing incentives for tourism activity for the future, psychological and behavioral factors that are difficult to systematize should be taken into account. It is about positive emotions, desires, ambitions, beliefs, preferences, behavioral finance, which can also be motives, incentives, and mechanisms to one degree or another at the same time. Yes, it can be hopes for the implementation of the family business so that it can be inherited and developed by future generations; gather a large family under one roof, etc. Finally, people like to be admired, praised, set as an example, shown gratitude, etc.
Benign Phyllodes Tumor and Ductal Carcinoma in situ Coexist in the Same Breast Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Qu Shaohua , Lei Chiseng , Hu Jiamei , Li Yuan , Xie Yude , Zhang Jie , Wang Ningxia , Ma Yuhua , Qu Shaohua
Published: November 2022

Background: Breast phyllodes tumor (PT), the rare fibroepithelial mammary tumor is composed by mesenchymal and epithelial components, only 1%~2% of which were accompanied by epithelial breast cancer. The incidence of non-invasive ductal carcinoma (DCIS) arising in benign PTs is even rarer. There is no certain treatment for it currently because of the low incidence of PT with DCIS.
Case Description: Here, we report a 57-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ arising in a benign phyllodes tumor of the breast. Mastectomy and sentinel lymph nodes biopsy were performed, and endocrine therapy was administrated to the patient. No recurrence was noted during follow-up.
Conclusion: Since PTs are prone to recurrence, adjuvant therapy should be considered comprehensively by the histopathological results after surgical treatment. In addition, regular follow-up is recommended.
TRAINING EFL TEACHERS THROUGH LOOP INPUT IN METHODOLOGY SESSIONS
Authors: Bevz Olena
Published: November 2022

The article explores the loop input approach as a special type of experiential training in teacher education. The research, conducted with 21 EFL trainee teachers at the Faculty of Foreign Languages, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University is aimed at studying trainee EFL teachers’ attitude towards loop input-based training in methodology sessions and its capability to affect their reflective skills. The findings of the research allow the author to conclude that loop input training involves trainee teachers into their learning on multisensory level and ensures deeper processing due to the recursion, reverberation between process and content and through reflection over the newly gained experience with the possibilities of transferring it to their own teaching.

Keywords: experiential training; loop input; EFL trainee teachers; EFL Methodology teaching; training sessions; Pre-Service Teacher Training (PRESETT) Curriculum on Methodology (Bachelor’s level); The New Generation School Teacher Project.
FORMATION OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN FUTURE SOCIAL WORK SPECIALISTS: A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH
Authors: Polishchuk Vira
Published: November 2022

The article reveals the growing role of professionally determined personal qualities of social work specialists in solving complex tasks of social policy and social work practice in modern Ukrainian realities at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels with different categories of the population; the potential possibilities of a systemic approach to the interpretation of the essence of social responsibility and the analysis of the leading methods and technologies of its formation among future social work specialists in the process of their professional training at a higher education institution are revealed.The purpose of the article is to analyze the possibilities of a systematic approach to the formation of social responsibility of future social work specialists in the process of their professional training under the educational program "Social Work" of the specialty 231 "Social Work" of the first (bachelor's) level of higher education and to reveal the practical level of implementation of this task through the lectures of the department of social work and management of socio-cultural activities of Ternopil V. Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University.In the practical context, the pedagogical conditions that determine the success of the formation of social responsibility among future social workers in higher education institutions are substantiated: awareness of the motivational attitude of future social workers towards the formation of social responsibility; improvement of content and technological support of the educational process; provision of active self-development and self-improvement of future specialists through the use and integration of innovative pedagogical technologies in the educational process of higher education.Research methods are as follows: systematization of theoretical provisions for the scientific substantiation of theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of social responsibility of future social specialists.
Impact of brand communication on brand personality: Moderating mechanisms of brand equity in the telecommunication sector of Pakistan
Authors: Rauza  , Qlander Hayat  , Saif Ul Mujahid Shah  , Shah Syed Arshad Ali
Published: November 2022

The utmost aim of this paper is to examine the impact of brand communication on brand personality and the moderating mechanisms of brand equity in the telecommunication sector of Pakistan. The phenomenon was examined by applying a well-known theory of self-congruity to explain the moderating function performed by brand equity between the two variables, brand communication, and brand personality. A questionnaire was distributed and collected from 1536 customers in the telecommunication sector of Pakistan, using Telenor, Ufone, Zong and Jazz networks. The data was examined by IBM AMOS to examine the proposed relationships. The study's results suggest a strong moderating effect of brand equity on the relationship between brand communication and brand personality. In this sense, it not only contributes to the body of literature but also aids professionals and marketing managers in creating branding strategies that take into account the idea of brand personality.
Business model innovation, digital organizational culture, and bank performance: The role of digital technologies and top management mindfulness
Authors: Aftab Ahmed  , Muhammad Kashif Khurshid  , Riaz Zeeshan , Nadia Nasir  , Muhammad Awais Aslam
Published: November 2022

Digital technologies have changed our lives. This digital move is not limited to a particular area or a sector. It has also changed the way of doing business, but the opportunities associated with this digitalization are not yet appropriately identified. Appropriate action to respond to new avenues can substantially change business performance. This research presents a framework that suggests that the development of digital organizational culture and innovation in business models support digital technology value development and digitization, ultimately improving business performance. The collected data from banks working in Pakistan were analyzed with smart PLS. The results revealed that business model innovation, business digitization, and top management mindfulness boost the banks' performance. In contrast, digital organizational culture and digital technologies value development have no association with bank performance. Further, top management mindfulness has no moderating effect on studied relationships. By adopting innovation and necessary developments, banks can improve their performance significantly.
Lise Öğrencilerinin Holland Kişilik Tipleri İle Mesleki Olgunluk Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ŞENER Nazife , AYDIN Davut
Published: November 2022

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı lise 11. ve 12. sınıf öğrencilerinin Holland kişilik tipleri ile mesleki olgunluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyerek, bu özellikler üzerinde yaş, cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, anne eğitim durumu ve baba eğitim durumu değişkenlerinin ne derece etkili olduğunu belirlemektir. Araştırma betimsel ve ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma, 2019- 2020 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar döneminde, Kırşehir il merkezinde yer alan liselerde okuyan öğrenciler ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya 140 kız öğrenci ve 160 erkek öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 300 öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışma grubunun belirlenmesinde uygun durum örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında öğrencilerin mesleki kişilik tiplerinin belirlenmesi için “Holland Mesleki Tercih Envanteri” ve mesleki olgunluk düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için ise “Mesleki Olgunluk Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler mesleki olgunluk ile mesleki kişilik tipleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amacıyla Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Analizi (r) ile incelenmiştir. Değişkenlerin, cinsiyet türüne ve sınıf düzeyine göre farklılaşmasını tespit etmek için bağımsız örneklemler t test ve Mann Whitney U Testi; yaşa ve anne-baba eğitim seviyesine göre farklılaşmasını tespit etmek için tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Kruskal Wallis - H Testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları; araştırmacı kişilik tipi, sanatçı kişilik tipi, sosyal kişilik tipi, girişimci kişilik tipi ve gerçekçi kişilik tipleri ile öğrencilerin mesleki olgunluk düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığını göstermektedir. Sadece geleneksel kişilik tipi ile mesleki iv olgunluk düzeyi arasında düşük düzeyde negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca Holland’ın mesleki kişilik tiplerinin tamamının (araştırmacı, sanatçı, sosyal, girişimci, geleneksel ve gerçekçi kişilik tipi) birbirleriyle arasında düşük, orta ve yüksek düzeyde olmak üzere pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. En fazla ilişki girişimci kişilik tipi ile geleneksel kişilik tipi arasında (r=0.66) olan ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En düşük ilişkinin ise, sanatçı kişilik tipi ile geleneksel kişilik tipi arasında (r=0.17) olduğu görülmüştür.
Telemedicine in palliative care during the COVID-19 era: A review of the literature
Authors: Holida Noer Diana , Nugroho Setiyo Adi
Published: November 2022

Telemedicine has become an effective approach for managing COVID-19 and preventing the risk of cross-contamination. The health application is growing rapidly, where medical information is transferred via telephone, Internet and other networks for consultation, control medical procedures or examinations. The application is very important to use in the pandemic era in reducing the COVID-19 infection, especially in palliative care. The study aimed to determine Telemedicine's effectiveness on palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used a literature review method. Search databases, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ProQuest, with the keyword telemedicine for palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review explained that Telemedicine can establish effective nurse-patient communication, increase safety, improve palliative care and patient support services, reduce APD consumption, and simplify clinical workflows. It also improves patient comfort, reduces the psychological burden of isolation, and reduces nurses' workload.

Keywords: COVID-19; telemedicine; healthcare services; technology in health; role of nurses
Telehealth in primary mental health care in rural and remote areas: A systematic review
Authors: Bwariat Maria Norberta , Yusuf Ah , Fitryasari PK Rizki , Yunara Yulia
Published: November 2022

Mental health problems are becoming more prevalent globally. Therefore, innovative patient care delivery approaches are being considered due to the rising need for primary mental health care services and an increase in the usage of digital communication tools online. For this reason, this systematic review was conducted to analyse relevant articles about telehealth in primary mental health care services in rural and remote areas. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist was provided as guidance. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist was also used to evaluate the quality assessment. The databases are Scopus, Web of Sciences, and PubMed databases. Most telehealth in primary mental health care used in rural and remote areas takes the form of videoconferencing and application. Telehealth in primary mental health care services delivered to difficult-to-reach populations, like those in rural and remote areas, has significantly improved community mental health services in terms of results and satisfaction. Tele-mental health can be considered a safe and long-term solution but has several challenges that must be addressed.

Keywords: Mental health; primary health care; rural area; remote Area; telehealth
Rousseau and language
Authors: Facanha Luciano da Silva , Silva Evilásio Barbosa da , Diniz Jacenilde Sousa , Pereira Elayne de Araújo , Silva Irlene Veruska Batista da , Costa Maria do Socorro Gonçalves da , Soares Luís Felipe Moreira , Ferreira Elber Alves , Costa Etienne Santos , Costa Matheus Silva
Published: November 2022

In the famous short story The egg and chicken of the Ukrainian writer Clarice Lispector, the author resumes that classic question that has been going through the history of humanity about who was born first; the egg or the chicken? In an analogous way we could also question the emergence of evil in humanity presenting two possibilities, namely: is language or society responsible for the birth of evil? We know that from the perspective of the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau humanity is taken by the antagonism between nature and culture and this is the result of the process of degeneration of that through the inevitable process of perfectibility, continuously and without return causing the fall and moral degradation of the human being. However, unlike what some may think, it was not the needs that took men out of the state of nature, but passions, which can be represented by singing, dancing and sensual gesture, that is, language. For Rousseau, the spoken language is not something natural or inherent to the human being, it is something that has arisen over time in the history of mankind. According to the genebrino, the first humans did not use spoken language, because there was no need, since they lived in isolation and only found one similar sporadically. Thus, with the progress of human language, which can be considered the first social institution, we realize that the bases for the origin of civil society were established with the process of evolution of human language, which moved further and further away from nature to approach the artificiality of civil conventions, dictated by rationality, which elaborated new forms of relationship between men, based on positive laws, social contract and a new political order. In this sense, to the extent that language promotes the emergence of society, it also increasingly promotes the degeneration of the language, leaving it increasingly distant from nature, in a dialectical way. Thus, we aim at resuming the dichotomy between language and society, in order to establish a reflection about the origin of evil in humanity.
The complete chloroplast genome of the endangered species garra de león [Bomarea ovallei (Phil.) Ravenna] from Chile
Authors: Díaz Roberto Contreras , Mamani Wilson H. , Van den Brink Liesbeth , Fuentes Maria N. , Aburto Mariana A.
Published: November 2022

Bomarea ovallei (Phil.) Ravenna (2n=2x=18) is an endangered endemic species that inhabits only a small part of the coast of the Atacama region. We describe the structure, gene composition and phylogeny of the complete chloroplast sequence of this elusive species. The chloroplast genome consists of 155,018 bp, with typical quadripartite structures: a large single copy region (LSC) of 84,132 bp, a small single copy region (SSC) of 17,794 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRs) contain 26,546 bp. One hundred and thirty-four genes were identified out of which 84 coding genes, 8 rRNA, 38 tRNA and 4 pseudogenes. B. ovallei chloroplast resembles chloroplasts from seven species of the order Liliales in length and structure and is most similar to Bomarea edulis (BP=100). The average nucleotide variability (Pi) of 0.00254 between these two Bomarea species is moderate. Nine loci with increased variability were identified: rps16-trnQ, atpF, trnL, ndhC-trnV, rbcL, psbJ, rpl32-trnL, ndhD and ycf1. These loci could be used as DNA markers for classification and evaluation studies in Bomarea populations.
Breakthrough RESEARCH—Social and Behavior Change Costing Community of Practice Series Brief #5: Are integrated social and behavior change interventions cost-effective? A methodological approach
Authors:   Breakthrough RESEARCH
Published: November 2022

The Research and Learning Agenda for Advancing Integrated Social and Behavior Change (SBC) Programming, developed by Breakthrough RESEARCH through a consensus-driven process, identified the need for costing and evaluating the cost-effectiveness of integrated SBC as one of four key questions that needs addressing. This brief, developed by Avenir Health, provides an overview of the steps for examining the cost-effectiveness of integrated SBC programs that can be used for future cost-effectiveness analyses. This is the fifth in a series of programmatic research briefs intended to complement the Guidelines for Costing of Social and Behavior Change Health Interventions and support a Community of Practice around SBC costing by highlighting important issues and practices for SBC costing.
Kajian Manajerial Efektifitas Pemeliharaan Jaringan Distribusi Menggunakan Uji ANOVA
Authors: Adi Hari Kaptono
Published: November 2022

PT PLN (Persero) adalah perusahaan listrikÂ di Indonesia yang mendukung sektor pembangunan dan industri. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik tentunya diperlukan kehandalan jaringan listrik agar pasokan listrik ke pelanggan tetap terjaga. Kestabilan serta Keandalan jaringan distribusi untuk sistem kelistrikan bergantung pada beberapa faktor, di antaranya adalah kualitas materialÂ dan bahan, cara pemeliharaan, cara polaÂ operasi, peralatan pengaman atau proteksi yang digunakan sertaÂ konfigurasi jaringanÂ listrik. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan untuk mempertahankan pelayanan listrik adalah dengan dengan dilakukan pemeliharaan jaringan distribusi. Â Setelah dilakukan pemeliharaan perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap kegiatan pemeliharaan yang telah dilakukan, apakah kegiatan pemeliharaan tersebut memiliki dampak atau tidak. Agar mengetahui apakah pemeliharaan yang dilakukan berdampak atau tidak salah satu metodeÂ yang bisa dilakukan secara statistic adalah melalui uji ANOVA. Diharapkan dengan adanya uji ini memberikan gambaran bagaimana kegiatan pemeliharaan memiliki dampak atau tidak terhadap keuntungan. Â Untuk ilmiah ini sumber data yang digunakan adalah sample atau contoh. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh hasil minitab didapatkan p value sebesar 0.000 < Î± = 0.05, maka H0 ditolak. Artinya kegiatan pemeliharaan menmpengaruhi pendapatan perusahaan. Jadi faktor pemeliharaan mempengaruhi pendapatan perusahaan.Â Dengan perluasan dan jaringan
Uji Efektivitas Larutan Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) Dalam Menurunkan Jumlah Angka Kuman Pada Alat Makan Di Rumah Makan Kabupaten Tegal
Authors: Ilmi Nela Maghfirotul , Anwar M Choiroel , Subagiyo Agus
Published: November 2022

Latar Belakang Higiene sanitasi rumah makan memiliki beberapa aspek dalam penanganan makanan, salah satunya peralatan makan yang menjadi sumber penyakit karena alat makan tidak bersih. Maka dari itu proses pencucian sangat memengaruhi penurunan angka kuman. Alternatif yang digunakan pada proses pencucian dengan memanfaatkan bahan nabati dari belimbing wuluh. tujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan berbagai konsentrasi larutan belimbing wuluh untuk menurunkan jumlah angka kuman pada sendok makan. Metode yang digunakan Pre-experiment dengan pendekatan pre and post design. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu 30 sendok sampel yang diambil dari 6 Rumah Makan. Data yang digunakan berdistribusi normal menggunakan analisis varian, Data yang tidak berdistribusi normal menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis. Hasil penelitian rata – rata presentase penurunan angka kuman sesudah diberi perlakuan konsentrasi 0% sebesar 76,92%, konsentrasi 15% sebesar 90,07%, konsentrasi 20% sebesar 94,98%, konsentrasi 25% sebesar 98,89%. Hasil Uji t Test menunjukan pada konsentrasi 0% nilai sig 0,001 0,05, konsentrasi 15% nilai sig 0,000 0,05, nilai sig 20% 0,000 0,05, konsentrasi 25% 0,000 0,05, hasil data diartikan ada perbedaan yang signifikan angka kuman pada sendok makan sebelum dan sesudah diberi perlakuan. Hasil uji Kruskal Wallis menunjukan nilai sig 0,01 0,05 artinya ada perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap efektivitas angka kuman setelah diberi perlakuan larutan belimbing wuluh. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian bahwa penggunaan larutan belimbing wuluh dengan konsentrasi 0%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% efektif sebagai desinfektan dalam menurunkan angka kuman pada sendok makan. Saran agar lebih memperhatikan hygiene sanitasi salah satunya pada peralatan makan.
Quantum and Tempus Theories of Functional Food Science: Establishment of dosage and time of consumption of functional food products
Authors: Martirosyan Danik , Sanchez Silvia S.
Published: November 2022

Over the years the United States has seen an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases. For that reason, there has also been an increased need in products that can prevent or manage symptoms of disease. Functional food products are food products that contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to produce beneficial effects that increase health. The Functional Food Center has previously a 16-step process to develop functional food products and bring them to the market. As part of this process, researchers should establish the appropriate dosage of a bioactive compound at which the product can be consumed safely, and it can effectively improve health parameters. Previously, we suggested that Quantum theory of functional food science could be useful for finding the critical amount at which a bioactive compound will cause enough chain reactions to influence health and biomarkers of disease. In this paper, we propose that a new step be added to the 16-step process making the total steps to bring a functional food product to the market 17. This new step should occur after establishing the appropriate dose and should focus on establishing the appropriate time of consumption using the Tempus theory of functional food science. The word Tempus comes from the latin word for time. Similar to dosage, time of consumption can impact the effectiveness of a bioactive compound, which is why this new step is important. Recent studies on diabetic patients have applied the Quantum and Tempus theories of functional food science to determine the appropriate range of dosage and time of consumption at which squalene, which is a bioactive compound belonging to the triterpene class, can improve parameters of health in diabetics. The studies found that consumption of squalene improves parameters of health in diabetic patients, however higher doses produced the effects in less time than lower doses. Although the studies were able to provide more information about the appropriate dose and time range for consuming the bioactive compound in that population, more research is needed to find the exact ranges.Keywords: functional food product, bioactive compound, dosage, time, quantum theory of functional food science, tempus theory of functional food science
Brick makers, builders and commissioners as agents in the diffusion of Hellenistic fired bricks: choosing social models to fit archaeological data
Authors: Östborn Per , Gerding Henrik
Published: November 2022

The general aim of this study is to reach a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the diffusion of fired bricks in Hellenistic Europe, initiated in the north Aegean in the 4th century BC. This is an example of the diffusion of innovations. To this end, a social diffusion model is used to simulate the available archaeological data pertaining to this process. The starting point in the construction of the model is the assumption that different categories of people contributed differently to the diffusion. One aim is to decide the relative importance of these actor groups. The model makes it possible for the innovation to change and evolve along several branches, so that general similarity networks can be simulated. Such networks were previously used by Östborn and Gerding to track the diffusion by identifying likely causal relationships between brick contexts. The modelling strategy is similar to that used by the cultural geographer Torsten Hägerstrand: A simple model, based on a few fundamental principles, is constructed in order to ‘isolate a few crucial factors which go a long way towards substantially explaining the phenomenon in question.’
Alan Greaves. The land of Ionia: society and economy in the Archaic period
Authors: Koparal Elif
Published: November 2022

Ionia has been a key region in the political history of the ancient Greeks throughout the Archaic period. Although geographically it was peripheral to mainland Greece, located across the Aegean, it has been the epicenter of most events that have shaped ancient Greek culture. The region, more specifically the central part of the Western Anatolian coast and the islands of Chios and Samos, has been one of the focal points of Classical Archaeology practice since the 19th century. However, since then most of the effort has been confined to the excavation of temples and large town centers as well as the reconstruction of monumental buildings. In other words, Ionian archaeology mostly just fleshed out the past as offered by the literary sources.
Nancy Bookidis and Elizabeth G. Pemberton. The sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, the Greek lamps and offering trays
Authors: Van der Enden Mark
Published: November 2022

Nancy Bookidis and Elizabeth Pemberton’s the Greek Lamps and Offering Trays is a fine new addition to the Corinth series and another piece of the puzzle that is the sanctuary of Demeter and Kore. Following the six preceding volumes that detail the archaeology, inscriptions and topography of the site, the Greek Lamps and Offering Trays presents another detailed look at a particular aspect of material culture from the Demeter and Kore sanctuary. Focussed on Greek lamps and so-called offering trays this volume marvellously succeeds in furthering our understanding of the sanctuary and its associated material culture and is an excellent companion to the earlier volumes detailing the Greek and Roman pottery and terracottas recovered from the site. Corinth XVIII.7 is composed of five chapters and divided into two parts.
Volker Grieb, Krzysztof Nawotka and Agnieszka Wojciechowska (eds). Alexander the Great and Egypt: history, art, tradition
Authors: Barringer Judith M.
Published: November 2022

This volume, comprised of twenty-two papers delivered at a two-day conference in Wrocław/Breslau in 2011, belongs to the series ‘Contributions to the Study of Ancient World Cultures.’ The goal of the conference was to investigate Egypt under Alexander and his successors, particularly the concept of Alexander as pharaoh, from an Egyptian viewpoint and using largely Egyptian sources, rather than the more common Hellenistic or Macedonian approach. These aims have largely been achieved in this collection of papers on wide-ranging but often highly specialized topics.
Where the children are: an insight into ‘age markers’ in western Greece. Astragali from the burial area of Locri Epizefiri
Authors: Carè Barbara
Published: November 2022

‘Where are the Children?’ In the title of a contribution edited in 1994: J. Sofaer Derevenski raised this question drawing scholars’ attention to the low consideration given to the study of children in archaeological research. For a long time, in fact, infants have been ignored in view of their marginal, incomplete and passive role in ancient society. Confined in ‘a category of disempowered’, due to the man-centred perspective leading current methodologies of investigation, young deceased have traditionally represented an invisible category within the frame of funerary studies as well, in contrast to adults, more representative as social agents. However, a surge of interest has recently occurred in the subject of childhood in antiquity.
Stella Spantidaki. Textile Production in Classical Athens.
Authors: Llewellyn-Jones Lloyd
Published: November 2022

Studies of ancient dress continue, I am pleased to observe, to grow apace. In the past year alone I can think of close to a dozen publication that have dealt with the production, wearing, or meaning of clothing in Classical antiquity and I’m alerted to the fact that we can expect more in the near future. This is very pleasing given that some eighteen years ago I organized an international conference on the theme of women’s dress in the ancient Greek world in which I highlighted what I conceived to be the plight of ancient dress-studies – which was certainly true then for Greek dress (work on Roman costume was faring better at the time).
Chavdar Tzochev. The Athenian Agora Volume XXXVII. Amphora Stamps from Thasos.
Authors: Van der Enden Mark
Published: November 2022

Chavdar Tzochev’s Amphora Stamps from Thasos is an excellent addition to the Athenian Agora Series and an exhaustive study of an important material category, so abundantly attested at the Agora. T’s book not only consists of a detailed discussion of the typology and chronology of Thasian amphora stamps but also is an attempt to interpret the distribution of the stamps within a wider socio-economic context. Clearly laid out and expertly presented, the book equally serves as an excellent introduction to amphora stamps from Thasos more generally. The book as such is not only of interest to the amphora stamp specialist but would also appeal to a more general audience interested in the wider socio-economic importance of Thasian amphorae and the practices associated with stamping. T., therefore, succeeds marvellously in presenting and discussing a highly specialist data-set in such a way as to be of interest to specialists and more general readers alike.
Oliver Henry, and Ute Kelp (eds) Tumulus as Sema. Space, Politics, Culture and Religion in the First Millennium BC
Authors: Sweeney Naoíse Mac Sweeney
Published: November 2022

Tumulus as Sema is a weighty contribution to scholarship. With 755 pages of text and 377 of plates arranged into two hardbound volumes, its publication was an ambitious undertaking just in terms of sheer scale. The intellectual ambition that this volume represents, however, is even more impressive.
Janet Burnett Grossman. The Athenian Agora Vol. XXXV: Funerary Sculpture.
Authors: Spivey Nigel
Published: November 2022

The Agora of Athens was never a cemetery. That observation, elementary enough, warns the reader of this corpus not to expect an array of integral and wonderful monuments. Such funerary sculpture as recovered during the Agora excavations (since 1931) is necessarily dislocated – most probably, from the nearby Kerameikos, though of the inscribed families only one gives Kerameis as deme; and usually dismembered, having been used (and often re-used) as landfill or construction material down the ages. The effect of the ensemble, numbering 389 catalogue entries, is poignant: so many shattered and battered pieces of tombstones once intended for perpetuity.
Iphiyenia Tournavitou. The Wall Paintings of the West House at Mycenae.
Authors: Sherratt Susan
Published: November 2022

This book is an exceptionally full and thorough publication by Iphiyenia Tournavitou (with some further contributions by others) of wall painting fragments from the West House at Mycenae, the westernmost of the group of four buildings that lies to the west of the Mycenae Citadel and to the south of Grave Circle B. This group consists of the House of Shields, the House of the Oil Merchant and the House of Sphinxes as well as the West House, and is sometimes otherwise known collectively as the Ivory Houses.
Tua Korhonen and Erika Ruonakoski. Human and Animal in Ancient Greece: Empathy and Encounter in Classical Literature.
Authors: Kindt Julia
Published: November 2022

Can a firm line be drawn between man and beast? If so, on what grounds? And what distinguishing feature sets man apart from all other creatures? These questions, summarized in the so-called ‘question of the animal’, features prominently in philosophical debates throughout antiquity. In particular, Aristotle and the Stoics made the case for a strong dividing line that separates man from animal, invoking numerous human attributes – speech, reason, justice, morality, to name just a few – that are allegedly specific to man and man only (see in detail Sorabji).
Francesca Giovagnorio. Dediche votive private attiche del IV sec. a. C. Il culto di Atena e delle divinità mediche.
Authors: Palermo Rocco
Published: November 2022

In this relatively short essay, the author discusses the historical and religious background of the 4th c. BC Attic dedicatory offerings, their archaeological and artistic contexts, and their inscriptions. In particular she addresses the cult of Athena according to the epithets attested for the Goddess in that period (= Athena Ergane, i.e.) and the health deities, among whom are Asklepios and Amynos.
Lisa Nevett (ed.). Theoretical approaches to the archaeology of ancient Greece: manipulating material culture.
Authors: Wallace Saro
Published: November 2022

What is ‘archaeology’, and how is ‘theory’ relevant to it? We might reasonably have thought we could now answer this question coherently for students wrestling with it (or that we had at least thoroughly discussed the topic in the publications of the last four decades; I cite a relevant few, not very recent, Anglo-Saxon examples here). In particular, most scholars have accepted ‘archaeology’ or ‘archaeological methodology’ (the application of a theory-informed, systematic and explicit query and interpretative framework to the recovery/analysis of a numerically and contextually representative set of data) as the most productive, balanced means of researching the material culture of the past in any quantity or diversity, where the aims are reconstructive, illuminative and interpretative, - especially when the ancient past is concerned.
Lynn Jones (ed.). Byzantine Images and their Afterlives. Essays in Honor of Annemarie Weyl Carr
Authors: Cormack Robin
Published: November 2022

This festschrift to mark the retirement of Professor Annemarie Weyl Carr as a teacher at the Southern Methodist University at Dallas, Texas, has three distinctive features. One is the extraordinarily effusive tributes to her by the contributors. The second is the high quality of the twelve papers. The third is the full and dense documentation of these papers – there is no waffle.
Manuel Fernández-Götz and Dirk Krausse (eds). Eurasia at the Dawn of History: Urbanisation and Social Change / Tamar Hodos (ed.). The Routledge Handbook of Archaeology and Globalization
Authors: Donnellan Lieve
Published: November 2022

Connectivities are the focus of a lot of current Ancient World research. Either indirectly, as constituting one of many factors involving socio-cultural transformations with a heavy spatial impact, such as urbanisation processes, or directly, being at the very heart of transformative processes detectable in the archaeological record, such as globalisation, connectivity has become a new framework with which to approach the past. The advantage of connectivity as a concept is that it is broad, neutral and that it stimulates cross-cultural comparison.
Integrating geology into archaeology: the water supply of Piraeus in Antiquity
Authors: Chiotis E.D.
Published: November 2022

The peninsula of Piraeus is composed of the Mounichia Hill and the rocky Akti, connected through the NE-SW trending isthmus between the Kantharos and Zea harbors (Figure 1a). The great geomorphological advantage of the peninsula is its natural and safe harbors – Kantharos with the innermost Kophos Port, Zea and Mounichia – at a reasonable distance of eight kilometers from Athens.
Kyle Erickson, The Early Seleukids, their Gods and their Coins. pp. xiv + 189, 46 ills. 2018. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-41579-376-6, hardcover £96.00
Authors: Rutter Keith
Published: November 2022

This book examines the coinage of rulers of the Seleucid kingdom down to the reign of Antiochus IV, with particular reference to the deployment on coins of images of divinities that were designed to symbolise and support Seleucid authority, which in its turn required the repeated re–creation of Seleucid legitimacy. Crucial questions throughout are: why was a specific coin type chosen? And, why did the coin iconography develop and change along the lines it did? An introductory chapter covers some of the historical background to Seleucid rule, and introduces (some of) the way(s) in which the images on coins can provide insights into the nature of that rule – in particular by the creation of a Seleucid identity and ideology that was based not only on military success, but also on the support of the gods, in particular Zeus and Apollo. A key conclusion is that some of the images can be interpreted in a ‘polyvalent context’ (p. 9), that is, they could have communicated different meanings depending on the different locales and religious traditions in which they were used. From this point of view an important aim of the book is a better understanding of the ways in which the Seleucid kings related to their native populations. Thus, in Chapter 2 the role of the image of the archer god Apollo sitting on the omphalos is assessed in terms of its potential significance in different areas of the empire: Asia Minor, the Syrian tetrapolis, Babylonia, and Iran.
Peter van Alfen and Ute Wartenberg (eds) (with Wolfgang Fischer-Bossert, Haim Gitler, Koray Konuk, and Catharine C. Lorber), White Gold: Studies in Early Electrum Coinage
Authors: Rutter Keith
Published: November 2022

The title of this book, White Gold, derives from the phrase used once by Herodotus (λευκοῦ χρυσοῦ, 1.50.2) and more frequently in inscriptions to describe electrum, an alloy of gold and silver from which the first coins in the western tradition were made. The alloy was mostly referred to as electrum (ἤλεκτρον), which could also mean ‘amber’ – the application of the word to coins derived from their colour. The origin of the book goes back to a spectacular exhibition held in 2011 at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, in which five hundred such coins were displayed. Two conferences, held in Jerusalem (2011) and New York (2013), were convened to address the many problems presented by these coins.
Charalambos Bouras, Byzantine Athens, 10th-12th Centuries / Nickephoros I. Tsougarakis et al. A Companion to Latin Greece / Joanita Vroom, Medieval and Post-Medieval Ceramics in the Eastern Mediterranean / Joanita Vroom et al., Medieval Masterchef
Authors: Bintliff John
Published: November 2022

Both the Bouras and Tsougarakis books are splendid introductions to their respective periods, Bouras on Middle Byzantine Athens, and the Tsougarakis-Lock edited volume on Frankish Greece. But the prices surely rule out owning a hard-copy of either book for almost all interested readers. At least Routledge offers a cheap online-version as a reasonable alternative access. Brill’s policy of matching online price to hard copy is quite unfathomable.

Charalambos Bouras, who died in 2016 shortly before this volume on Athens appeared, was a giant in the field of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Architecture, and this volume bears ample witness to his mastery of the monuments, and in particular of their historical context. It was first published by the Benaki Museum in 2010, but has been revised for this new Routledge edition. It is a fine accompaniment to his earlier excellent introduction to the architecture of Greece as a whole from Early Byzantine to the Early Modern era, published bilingually by the leading Athens publisher Melissa (Bouras 2006). This final work covers in immense detail the architectural record of Athens from the 6th through to the end of the 12th centuries AD, although very little indeed can be said of the first Byzantine period – the Early Byzantine, from the later 7th to the mid-9th centuries. At its core is a careful catalogue of some forty churches which can be assigned to the Middle Byzantine period (late 9th to the end of the 12th centuries).
John Ellis Jones and Ourania Kouka, Elis 1969. The Peneios Valley Rescue Excavation Project / Effie Photos-Jones and Alan J Hall, ros, mercator and the cultural landscape of Melos in antiquity
Authors: Bintliff John
Published: November 2022

Both of these books represent much belated publications of older fieldwork. Appropriately perhaps, since we could not find suitable or willing reviewers, your Editor has undertaken to review these books, also considerably belatedly. But they remain little known and so well worth recognition.

The Elis Survey was a British contribution to a rescue project shared out amongst several foreign archaeological schools in Athens, to document a landscape in Elis about to be drowned by a new dam and reservoir.