bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide‐glycoprotein promotes osteogenesis in hPDLSCs via ERK activation
Authors: Lai Shuang , Liu Chang , Liu Cong , Fan Liyuan , Li Xinlun , Yang Yiling , Zhu Yushu , Deng Li , Xiao Li , Mu Yandong
Published: October 2022

Objective

A lack of relevant research on Lycium barbarum polysaccharide‐glycoprotein (LBP) application in oral diseases. Here, we focused on the effect of LBP on osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and periodontitis bone loss.

Methods

Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) were isolated and identified by flow cytometry. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining, and combined qPCR and Western blot analyses were performed to elucidate the effects of LBP on the osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs. In vivo experiments were performed with the treatment of LBP in rat periodontal model. MicroCT scanning and histological analysis were conducted to evaluate osteogenesis in situ.

Results

Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) were successfully isolated and identified with CD90, CD29, and CD45. LBP enhanced hPDLSCs proliferation and migration and promoted RUNX2, ALP, Collagen I, and Osteocalcin expression through activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in vitro. The inflammatory factors, including interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and interleukin 8 (IL‐8) were reduced after LBP treatment. Alveolar bone resorption was significantly decreased in the LBP‐treated groups in vivo, and osteoclast was markedly decreased by LBP application.

Conclusion

LBP promoted hPDLSC osteogenesis by targeting the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and reverse bone loss by reducing inflammation. These findings provided latent hope for LBP application in periodontal therapy.
Preoperative Cervical Cobb Angle Is a Risk Factor for Postoperative Axial Neck Pain after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Zero‐Profile Interbody
Authors: Cao Yuan , Xu Chen , Sun Baifeng , Cui Chen , Zhang Ke , Wu Huiqiao , Qi Min , Xi Yongming , Yuan Wen , Shen Xiaolong , Liu Yang
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with zero‐profile interbody has a lower incidence of complications in treating cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). However, postoperative axial neck pain is still commonly occurred, and the factors affecting which is not known. Here, we retrospectively analyze the risk factors for postoperative axial pain after performing ACDF with zero‐profile implant in single‐level CSM.

Methods

Patients who suffered from single‐level CSM and who received ACDF with zero‐profile implant between 2018 January to 2020 December were reviewed. Of 180 single‐level CSM patients, 144 patients who passed the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of postoperative axial pain as measured by postoperative neck visual analogue scale (nVAS). Clinical parameters including age, sex, smoking history, symptom duration, body mass index (BMI), the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, as well as radiological parameters were obtained pre‐ and post‐operatively, and the data were compared between two groups. Pearson's chi‐square tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were implemented to identify statistically significant differences between subgroups for categorical and continuous data, respectively; otherwise, the data were tested with Student's t‐test. Risk factors were identified using logistic regression.

Results

Of the patients (97.8%) achieved satisfied neurological recovery, and 88.2% of the patients achieved fusion at 1‐year follow‐up. 33% of the patients (48 patients out of 144) had sustained postoperative axial pain after the surgery. Comparison of different severity groups exhibited no significant differences in terms of the possible risk factors (P > 0.05) except for pre‐ and post‐operative C2–C7 Cobb angles (6.33 ± 6.53 vs. 11.88 ± 7.41, P < 0.05; 13.49 ± 5.31 vs 16.64 ± 7.34, P < 0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that the preoperative C2–C7 Cobb angle is significantly correlated with the severity of the postoperative axial pain (R2 = 0.83, P < 0.01). In addition, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the preoperative C2–C7 Cobb angle is an independent predictor of postoperative axial pain (P < 0.01, OR = 0.53). Further receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis displayed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 (P < 0.01) for preoperative C2–C7 Cobb angle, and the optimal cutoff was 8.4° (sensitivity 0.77, specificity 0.65).

Conclusion

The pre‐operative C2–C7 Cobb angle is a risk factor for severe postoperative axial pain after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with zero‐profile interbody, and we should be cautious when poor preoperative C2–C7 Cobb angle is found in myelopathy patients planning to use zero‐profile interbody to treat such patients.
Utilizing nasal‐tragus length to estimate optimal endotracheal tube depth in neonates: A prospective randomized control study
Authors: Thazhe Veettil Anjusha , Bamba Charu , Chugh Vanya
Published: October 2022

Background

Determination of the optimal depth of endotracheal tube insertion in neonates is challenging. Various formulae have been proposed and are being commonly used for this purpose. There is no single formula that is ideal or can be applied across different populations.

Aim

To compare weight and nasal‐tragus length‐based formulae as a guide to endotracheal tube insertion depth in term neonates undergoing surgery.

Ther primary objective of the study was to determine the position of the endotracheal tube using either weight‐based or nasal‐tragus length‐based formulae and the secondary objective was to determine the incidence of repositioning of the endotracheal tube.

Methods

A total of 120 full term neonates were divided into two groups with 60 neonates each (group N = NTL + 1 cm and group W = Weight + 6 cm). Endotracheal tube was inserted according to the pre‐calculated value and fixed. A neonatal flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope was used to confirm the position of the endotracheal tube tip by measuring its distance from the carina. Repositioning was done if the distance from carina to endotracheal tube tip was less than 20 mm. Chi‐squared and Mann–Whitney tests were used for the analysis.

Results

The mean distance measured from carina to endotracheal tube tip in group N was 9.41 ± 6.65 mm and in group W was 3.21 ± 3.45 mm (p value = <.001). A higher incidence of optimal endotracheal tube placement was observed in group N which led to repositioning in 88.3% of neonates in group N and 100% in the group W (53/60 and 60/60, respectively, p value < .05).

Conclusion

Based on the results from the studied sample, NTL +1 cm formula is a better predictor than Weight + 6 cm formula to determine endotracheal tube insertion depth in term Indian neonates.
The effect domains, measures, and methods reported in pediatric‐specialized multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation programs: An integrated review
Authors: Hurtubise Karen , Brousselle Astrid , Noel Melanie , Caldwell Kathleen , Rayner Laura , Dawson Matthew , Rasic Nivez , Camden Chantal
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Specialized pain rehabilitation is recognized as the treatment of choice for youth with pain‐related disability. Appropriate outcomes for program evaluation are critical. This study aimed to summarize the effect domains and methods used to evaluate pediatric‐specialized outpatient pain rehabilition programs, map them to the PedIMMPACT statement, and highlight future directions.

Methods

An integrated review framework, incorporating stakeholders, was used. Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published in 1999–2021 featuring the treatment effects of specialized outpatient pain rehabilitation on youth with pain‐related disability and their parents. Selected studies were critically appraised using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies of Diverse Design, organized by study characteristics, and analyzed using constant comparison.

Results

From the 1951 potentially relevant titles, 37 studies were selected. Twenty‐five effects targeted youth and 24 focused on parents, with a maximum of 15 youth and 11 parent effect domains (median = 5 domains per study). Although most studies measured a combination of effect domains and were inclusive of some recommended in the PedIMMPACT statement, no effect was measured consistently across studies. Youth physical functioning and parent emotional functioning were measured most often. Eighty‐five instruments were used to assess youth outcomes and 59 for parents, with self‐report questionnaires dominating.

Discussion

A lack of standardization exists associated with the domains and methods used to evaluate the effects of pediatric‐specialized outpatient pain rehabilitation programs, hindering comparisons. Future program evaluations should be founded on their theory, aim, and anticipated outcomes.
Metabolome and transcriptome analysis of terpene synthase genes and their putative role in floral aroma production in Litchi chinensis
Authors: Abbas Farhat , Guo Shaoying , Zhou Yiwei , Wu Jing , Amanullah Sikandar , Wang Hui‐Cong , Shen Jiyuan
Published: October 2022

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are essential traits of flowers since they attract pollinators, aid in seed distribution, protect the plant from internal and external stimuli, and are involved in plant–plant and plant–environment interactions. Apart from their role in plants, VOCs are used in pharmaceuticals, fragrances, cosmetics, and flavorings. Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a popular fruit due to its enticing red appearance, exotic taste, and high nutritional qualities. Litchi flowers bloom as inflorescences primarily on the shoot terminals. There are three distinct flower types, two male and one female, all of which are produced on the same panicle and rely on insect pollination. Herein, we used a comprehensive metabolomic approach to examine the volatile profile of litchi fruit (green pericarp, yellow pericarp, and red pericarp) as well as male and female flowers (bud stage, half open and full bloom). From a quantitative examination of the volatiles in L. chinensis, a total of 19, 22, and 21 VOCs were discovered from female flowers, male flowers, and fruits, with the majority of them belonging to sesquiterpenes. Multivariate analysis revealed that the volatile profiles of fruits differ from those of male and female flowers. Three VOCs were unique to male flowers and ten to the fruit, while eight VOCs were shared by both male and female flowers and eleven by both male and female flowers and the fruit. Furthermore, for the first time, we identified and comprehensively studied the TERPENE SYNTHASE genes (TPS) using the litchi genome and transcriptome database, which revealed 38 TPS genes unevenly distributed across the 15 chromosomes. A phylogenetic study showed that LcTPS were grouped into TPS‐b, TPS‐c, TPS‐e, TPS‐f, and TPS‐g subfamilies, with TPS‐b having the most genes. The conserved motifs (RRX8W, NSE/DTE, and DDXXD) were studied in LcTPSs, and significant variation between subfamilies was discovered. Furthermore, after integrating the metabolome and transcriptome datasets, several VOCs were shown to be development‐specific and highly linked with distinct LcTPS genes, making them promising biomarkers. Interestingly, LcTPS17/20/23/24/31 were associated with monoterpene edges, while the rest were connected to sesquiterpene edges, indicating their probable participation in the aroma biosynthesis mechanism of certain compounds.
Repellency, contact toxicity, and anti‐oviposition effects of three ethanol‐extracted plant essential oils on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Wagan Tufail Ahmed , Hua Hongxia , Bozdoğan Hakan , Khan Muhammad Musa
Published: October 2022

There are more than 1200 species of whiteflies found across the globe. Due to the high level of resistance of whitefly against synthetic insecticides, alternate pest management measures have their significance. Plant essential oils (EOs) affect insect pests in many ways, such as via stimulatory, deterrent, toxic, and hormonal effects. This study was designed to determine the repellency of EOs, toxicity, and oviposition deterrent activities of Allium ascalonicum, Cinnamomum camphora, and Mentha haplocalyx against adult whiteflies. In repellency determination experiments, a single tomato plant was treated with 10 ml of ethanol‐extracted EO with 1000 ppm concentration. Results showed that C. camphora EO was the most repellent for whitefly compared to M. haplocalyx and A. ascalonicum. The oviposition deterrent experiments revealed that C. camphora has the highest oviposition deterrent effect, followed by M. haplocalyx and A. ascalonicum. A single plant treatment method was used to assess the contact toxicity of three EOs against whitefly after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure. The results revealed that C. camphora is more toxic to whitefly than M. haplocalyx and A. ascalonicum. After determining the antagonistic effects of these EOs, the oils were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify the chemical components. It can be concluded that C. camphora is the most effective oil EO in terms of toxicity, repellence, and oviposition deterrence, followed by M. haplocalyx and A. ascalonicum under greenhouse conditions. Our results introduce some new eco‐friendly plant EOs to control whiteflies.
The chicken or the egg: Sleep or physical activity?
Authors: Cox Narelle S. , Hamilton Garun S.
Published: October 2022

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The multivariate Poisson‐Generalized Inverse Gaussian claim count regression model with varying dispersion and shape parameters
Authors: Tzougas George , Makariou Despoina
Published: October 2022

We introduce a multivariate Poisson‐Generalized Inverse Gaussian regression model with varying dispersion and shape for modeling different types of claims and their associated counts in nonlife insurance. The multivariate Poisson‐Generalized Inverse Gaussian regression model is a general class of models which, under the approach adopted herein, allows us to account for overdispersion and positive correlation between the claim count responses in a flexible manner. For expository purposes, we consider the bivariate Poisson‐Generalized Inverse Gaussian with regression structures on the mean, dispersion, and shape parameters. The model's implementation is demonstrated by using bodily injury and property damage claim count data from a European motor insurer. The parameters of the model are estimated via the Expectation‐Maximization algorithm which is computationally tractable and is shown to have a satisfactory performance.
Pretransplant serum levels of endothelial cell activation markers are associated with graft loss and mortality after kidney transplantation
Authors: Lund Kit Peiter , Eriksson Frank , Pedersen Bente Klarlund , Sørensen Søren Schwartz , Bruunsgaard Helle
Published: October 2022

Long‐term allograft survival remains a challenge in kidney transplantation. In this study, we aimed to identify biomarkers for potentially modifiable pathways involved in the outcome of kidney transplantation. We tested the hypothesis that a pre‐existing systemic environment with endothelial cell activation in the recipient is associated with the outcome after kidney transplantation. In a retrospective study cohort of 611 kidney transplanted patients, we investigated associations between serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1) before transplantation and delayed graft function, acute rejection, graft loss and mortality after transplantation. We adjusted associations for age, sex, preformed donor‐specific antibodies (DSA), pretransplant diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dialysis. Additionally, we investigated if associations between endothelial cell activation markers and outcomes differed in recipients with and without preformed DSA. Serum levels of endothelial cell activation markers were associated with delayed graft function and mortality but not with rejection. Additionally, high levels of sICAM‐1 were associated with graft loss. Associations were most pronounced in recipients without DSA, adjusted for potential confounders. Data suggest that endothelial cell activation at the time of transplantation is associated with graft loss and mortality after kidney transplantation, especially in transplant candidates without preformed DSA.
Do Things “Hang Together”? Naturalism, Pluralism, and the World
Authors: Fristedt Peter
Published: October 2022

Philosophical naturalism in the spirit of Wilfred Sellars has historically sought to present a unified picture of the world, in which values, meanings, and minds find a place in the natural universe. But a number of recent thinkers have questioned the very idea of “the world” as a unified whole, arguing instead for disunity in the various discourses human beings use to talk about things. In this article I consider three such pluralist views. First, I take up the work of Huw Price, who combines pluralism and naturalism; then, I look at Markus Gabriel and Raymond Geuss, whose rejection of the ideas of “world” and “worldview” is not tied to naturalist presuppositions. In response to these views, I defend weaker conceptions of “the world” and “worldview,” utilizing Hans‐Georg Gadamer's idea of the “medium of language” and making the case for the unifying effects of language across the plurality of discourses.
Latinos, group identity, and equal opportunity on the 2020 California ballot
Authors: Lopez Jennifer , Alvarez R. Michael , Kim Seo‐young Silvia
Published: October 2022

Objective

Racial minority groups are often assumed to support equal opportunity policies, with most research focused on biracial contexts between Whites and Blacks. With a unique opportunity to study richer contexts from California's 2020 elections, we test whether Latino voters supported ballot measures associated with equal opportunity.

Methods

Using data on vote choice for Propositions 15 (raising commercial property taxes) and 16 (repealing prohibition of affirmative action) from a post‐election survey of California registrants, we use logistic regression to test whether Latino support for equal opportunity policies is higher than that of Whites.

Results

For both propositions, while Latino support was higher than White support, it was not statistically different when controlled for partisanship.

Conclusion

There is little evidence to suggest that California Latinos support equal opportunity policies more strongly than White voters. This lukewarm support may explain the fates of both propositions in the election.
Improved detection of hepatitis C virus‐positive blood donors and determination of infection status
Authors: Nishiya Anna S. , de Almeida‐Neto Cesar , Witkin Steven S. , Ferreira Suzete C. , Salles Nanci A. , Nogueira Fátima A. H. , Oliveira Claudia Di Lorenzo , Rocha Vanderson , Mendrone Júnior Alfredo
Published: October 2022

Background

In low‐risk populations, variability in the sensitivity of current serological tests for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) blood donor screening may lead to the presence of false‐positive results. This contributes to the unnecessary loss of blood donor samples as well as to difficulty in accurate donor counselling. The present study determined the optimal cut‐off value of a chemiluminescent immunoassay for identification of HCV‐reactive blood donors.

Study Design and Methods

In a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of 193 973 blood donations, 578 samples that were positive for HCV antibody in a chemiluminescent immunoassay and/or RNA screening tests were identified. Blood from 379 of these positive samples was available for retesting by a second confirmatory HCV immunoassay followed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Donors were also recalled for a new analysis.

Results

Only 71 (18.7%) blood samples remained HCV‐positive upon retesting, while 233 (61.5%) now tested negative and 75 (19.8%) yielding indeterminate results. A signal to cutoff ratio ≥4.32 was determined as the best differential threshold between a positive and negative result, increasing the positive predictive value from 27.3% to 66.7%.

Conclusion

Using a higher threshold for an HCV‐positive blood sample enhances the chemiluminescent immunoassay screening test´s accuracy and helps to improve donor counselling and notification processes.
Incidence and risk factors for graft failure in the modern era of cord blood transplantation
Authors: Chakrabarty Jennifer Holter , Glover Joshua , Schmidt Sara , Phan Minh , Bycko Michelle , Duong Quyen , Vesely Sara K. , O'Neal Caroline , Robertson Chelsie , Davis Christina , Kratochvil Kristen , Yuen Carrie , Khawandanah Mohamad , Selby George , Jassim Rami , Williams Kirsten M.
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives

Graft failure (GF) after cord blood transplant (CBT) has decreased with improved supportive care and cord selection strategies. We aimed to evaluate cord blood selection and factors associated with retransplantation on the incidence of GF, determine risk factors for GF including host antibodies to Kell antigen and evaluate survival after GF.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 84 patients who underwent CBT at the University of Oklahoma between 2000 and 2016 and compared outcomes in patients with/without engraftment by Day 28. The nonengraftment cohort was further divided into patients who underwent retransplantation. Kaplan–Meier curves with log‐rank tests were calculated to assess the association between mortality and engraftment.

Results

Engraftment following CBT was high at 81%, with 52% engrafting by Day 28 and an additional 29% engrafting by a median of 36 days. Retransplantation led to 88% engraftment at a median of 53 days. Overall, 75% of the 40 patients who did not engraft by Day 28 died. Female sex and total nucleated cell count < 3.5/kg were significantly associated with lack of engraftment and higher mortality. Antibodies to Kell fetal antigen were not identified. Retransplantation by Day 28 for primary GF conferred a survival advantage.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that failure to engraft by 28 days was associated with increased mortality, and risk was mitigated with early retransplantation. Female sex and low total cell dose were associated with increased mortality. Early identification of GF coupled with early retransplantation can reduce mortality in CBT.
Effect of Channel Size on Air-Cooling Performance in Interior Permanent Magnet Motor Driving Aviation Fans at High Altitude
Authors: Ito Yu , Watanabe Toshinori , Seki Naoki , Hirakawa Karin , Inoue Tomoya , Himeno Takehiro
Published: October 2022

To enhance worldwide environmental conditions, the air transport industry must drastically reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Electrification of aircraft propulsion systems is one way to meet this demand. In particular, the focus is on obtaining single-aisle aircraft with partial turbo-electric propulsion and approximately 150 passenger seats by the 2030s. To develop a single-aisle aircraft with partial turbo-electric propulsion, an air-cooled interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor with an output of 2 MW is desired. One of the most difficult problems in air cooling is that air-cooling performance decreases with increasing altitude because the air density decreases. To investigate the effect of altitude on air-cooling performance in the IPM motor, the authors formulated mathematical system equations to describe heat transfer inside the target air-cooled IPM motor, and mathematical analytical solutions were obtained. The most severe condition is the top-of-climb condition. For this condition, a designer should choose cooling air mass flow rates that keep the temperature of the permanent magnets below the maximum temperature limit of 100 °C and the temperature of the coils below the maximum temperature limit of 250 °C. Here, the sizes of the air-cooling channels strongly affect air cooling with the IPM motor. In this paper, the authors briefly review the mathematical formulations and their solutions, investigate the effect of channel size on air-cooling performance in an IPM motor, and explore the optimum configuration and settings for the air cooling channels.
Estimating Radiation Scattering Around Plasmonic Nanowires Using Engineered Geometric Features
Authors: Kaya Mine , Hajimirza Shima
Published: October 2022

This study offers an analytical estimation model for radiative scattering at nanoscale. The study focuses on isolated nanowires of arbitrary shape cross sections and uses predictive geometric features and statistical regression to model the wavelength-dependent light-particle interaction. This work proposes to estimate the radiative properties of nanowires based on engineered geometric features, potentially leading to new understandings of how the geometric attributes impact light scattering at nanoscale. A predictive model is designed and tested for estimating radiative scattering around nanowires. Random polygon-shaped cross sections with high degrees-of-freedom are chosen to train and test the models. The derived model can successfully explain scattering across out-sample synthetic plasmonic objects with a 90% R-squared metric.
Low temperature, area-selective atomic layer deposition of NiO and Ni
Authors: Nallan Himamshu C. , Yang Xin , Coffey Brennan M. , Ekerdt John G.
Published: October 2022

Nickel and nickel oxide are utilized within various device heterostructures for chemical sensing, solar cells, batteries, etc. Recently, the rising interest in realizing low-cost, flexible electronics to enable ubiquitous sensors and solar panels, next-generation displays, and improved human-machine interfaces has driven interest in the development of low-temperature fabrication processes for the integration of inorganic devices with polymeric substrates. Here, we report the low-temperature area-selective atomic layer deposition of Ni by reduction of preformed NiO. Area-selective deposition of NiO is performed at 100 °C using bis(N,N'-di-tert-butylacetamidinato) nickel(II) and water on SiO2 and polystyrene. NiO grows two-dimensionally and without nucleation delay on oxide substrates but not on SiNx or polystyrene, which require surface treatments to promote NiO nucleation. Additionally, prepatterned sp2 carbon-rich resists inhibit the nucleation of NiO, and in this way, carbon-free NiO may be patterned. Subsequent thermal reduction of NiO to Ni was investigated using H2 (50–80 m Torr) and thermally generated H-atoms (3 × 10−5 Torr chamber pressure). Due to the relatively high free surface energy of Ni metal, Ni films undergo dewetting at elevated temperatures when solid-state transport is enabled. Reduction of NiO to Ni is demonstrated at 100 °C and below using atomic hydrogen. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to determine oxidation state and ex situ x-ray reflectivity and atomic force microscopy are used to probe the film thickness and surface morphology, respectively.
Associations Between Perceived Social Support, Perceived Competence, and Physical Activity in Hong Kong Children With Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Li Ming Hui , Yu Jane Jie , Wong Stephen Heung Sang , Sum Raymond Kim Wai , Sit Cindy Hui Ping
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to examine the associations between perceived social support, perceived competence, and physical activity in children with physical and intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the third wave of the pandemic in Hong Kong (i.e., July through December 2020), 291 participants age 6–17 years from 27 special schools were included. After controlling for demographic variables, the total variance explained by perceived social support and perceived competence was 24%, F(2, 240) = 12.42, p < .001, with perceived competence having a stronger association with physical activity (β = 0.29, p < .001) than perceived social support (β = 0.07, p = .22). This study highlights two key facilitators for shaping physical activity involvement among children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Neuromatrix Theory of Pain and Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping: Improving Understanding of Pain Catastrophizing in Individuals With ACL Reconstruction and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Genoese Francesca M. , Harkey Matthew S. , Baez Shelby E.
Published: October 2022

Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and early knee osteoarthritis symptoms commonly exhibit psychological impairments, such as pain catastrophizing. Pain catastrophizing is a negative cognitive–affective response to anticipated or actual pain and has been linked to greater pain intensity and decreased function in this population. However, an examination of the neuromatrix theory of pain and the transactional theory of stress and coping may help to explain the development and consequences of pain catastrophizing in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and early knee osteoarthritis symptoms. Exploration of these theoretical models will help clinicians better understand the impact of pain catastrophizing on post-injury outcomes, as well as help to identify intervention strategies to address maladaptive psychological responses and improve outcomes for individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and early knee osteoarthritis symptoms.
Governance of Post-Olympic Games Legacy Organizations: A Comparative Study
Authors: Byun Jinsu , Dowling Mathew , Leopkey Becca
Published: October 2022

This study examines the governance of post-Olympic Games legacy organizations. A cross-case comparative analysis was completed by focusing on post-Games legacy organizations from three Winter Olympics (Salt Lake City 2002, Vancouver 2010, and PyeongChang 2018). Drawing on a governance framework, this research investigates the politics (stakeholder relationships), polity (institutional structures), and policy (the policy content and instruments) dimensions of governance, and explores modes of governance that facilitate collective action taken by these organizations. Data for this study included archival materials and semistructured interviews with key representatives from the relevant organizations. Three different post-Games legacy organization governance modes (public–private, interactive, and self-governance) were identified, and a conceptual model of the governance of post-Games legacy organizations is proposed. The findings have theoretical and practical implications that expand our understanding of the governance of Olympic legacy.
“It’s Like Being on an Island by Yourself”: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Administrators’ Perceptions of Barriers to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Work in Intercollegiate Athletics
Authors: Kluch Yannick , Wright-Mair Raquel , Swim Nicholas , Turick Robert
Published: October 2022

The emergence of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) professionals (i.e., staff with DEI-specific responsibilities) is a fairly recent phenomenon, and research to date has rarely examined the experiences of these DEI administrators despite the fact they are often solely charged with driving DEI within and beyond their department. Utilizing Ahmed’s diversity work framework, this study draws from semistructured interviews with 23 athletic administrators to identify barriers to efforts for driving DEI action in the context of intercollegiate athletics. Five higher-order themes were identified in the data, representing barriers to effective DEI work: (a) structural barriers, (b) cultural barriers, (c) conceptual barriers, (d) emotional barriers, and (e) social/relational barriers. Findings indicate that DEI athletics professionals perceive barriers on multiple levels, from personal levels (emotional and social/relational barriers) to those of a systemic nature (structural, cultural, and conceptual barriers). Limitations, directions for future research, and implications for praxis are discussed.
Bouncing Back: Unpacking the Influence of Sport Media on Consumer Resilience
Authors: Kim Changwook , Kim Jinwon , Lee Jeoung Hak , Inoue Yuhei
Published: October 2022

This study aims to empirically investigate how sport media consumption influences the relationships among the spatially explicit risks of COVID-19, resilience, and positive and negative affect, considering social class. To achieve this, we employed an integrated approach using spatial and aspatial analyses. The findings indicated that the negative effects of the spatially explicit risks of COVID-19 on resilience are mitigated by sport media consumption. In turn, an increased level of resilience enhances positive affect and reduces negative affect. Moreover, consumers in the upper class showed a more pronounced resilience process through sport media consumption than those in the lower class. This study contributes to the knowledge regarding the sport−resilience association by identifying the moderating effect of sport media consumption within social classes and addressing the spatially explicit risks of COVID-19. The present findings provide a basis for sport-based resilience strategies in times of adversity.
What Makes Sport Spectating Family-Friendly? A Phenomenological Study of Mothers’ Sport Fan Game-Day Experiences
Authors: Sveinson Katherine , Toffoletti Kim
Published: October 2022

Sport organizations are developing family-friendly spectator initiatives to boost engagement and sales to parents and children. While the number of women sport fans continues to grow, research has yet to explore how women, as mothers and fans, experience fandom. Informed by a maternal geography framework, this study explores women’s understanding of what does or does not make game-day experiences family-friendly by presenting the accounts of 15 women from North America and Australia who are sport fans and mothers. Interpretive phenomenological analysis is utilized to investigate how mothering as a spatially informed care practice shapes the perspectives of what constitutes a family-friendly sport spectating experience. Findings identify key components of the physical, structural, and social environments of women’s experiences of family-friendly sport fandom, as well as exposing that what is presumed to be family-friendly is not the same as mother-friendly.
The Influence of Age and Dynamic Balance on Functional Movement Among Active-Duty Police Officers
Authors: Renner Madison N. , Gnacinski Stacy L. , Porter Franchesca J. , Cornell David J.
Published: October 2022

Context: Although occupational injuries for police officers cannot be prevented, factors that contribute to musculoskeletal injury risk could be better identified to inform preventative interventions. Previous research has supported screening tools such as the functional movement screen (FMS) and Y-Balance Test (YBT) as possible indicators of musculoskeletal injury risk. The purposes of this study are to (1) examine the relationships between age, dynamic balance, and functional movement in police officers and (2) determine how much variance in functional movement is predicted by age and dynamic balance. Methods: This study was conducted in a university research laboratory as part of an ongoing collaboration with a local police department. All data for the current study were collected across 2 separate laboratory visits within a 14-day period. Participants: Thirty-five active-duty police officers (31 men and 4 women; mean [SD], age 33.4 [9.4] y, height 177.4 [8.0] cm, body mass 88.4 [15.3] kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Main Outcome Measures: Functional movement was assessed using the FMS, and FMS overall scores were calculated. Dynamic balance was assessed via the YBT, and lower quarter Y-Balance Test scores (LQYBT%) were calculated. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between FMS overall score and age (r = −.641, P < .001). Correlations between FMS overall score and LQYBT% and between LQYBT% and age were not statistically significant. Age and LQYBT% scores significantly predicted FMS overall scores (F2,32 = 11.162, P < .001), accounting for 41.1% of the variance in FMS overall scores (R2 = .411) with age being the only significant predictor. Conclusions: This study confirms that age and FMS overall score have a strong, negative relationship, suggesting that age may be a contributing factor to movement quality and may lead to an increased risk of musculoskeletal injury within this unique population.
Optimization Reduces Knee-Joint Forces During Walking and Squatting: Validating the Inverse Dynamics Approach for Full Body Movements on Instrumented Knee Prostheses
Authors: Wagner Heiko , Boström Kim Joris , de Lussanet Marc H.E. , de Graaf Myriam L. , Puta Christian , Mochizuki Luis
Published: October 2022

Because of the redundancy of our motor system, movements can be performed in many ways. While multiple motor control strategies can all lead to the desired behavior, they result in different joint and muscle forces. This creates opportunities to explore this redundancy, for example, for pain avoidance or reducing the risk of further injury. To assess the effect of different motor control optimization strategies, a direct measurement of muscle and joint forces is desirable, but problematic for medical and ethical reasons. Computational modeling might provide a solution by calculating approximations of these forces. In this study, we used a full-body computational musculoskeletal model to (a) predict forces measured in knee prostheses during walking and squatting and (b) study the effect of different motor control strategies (i.e., minimizing joint force vs. muscle activation) on the joint load and prediction error. We found that musculoskeletal models can accurately predict knee joint forces with a root mean squared error of <0.5 body weight (BW) in the superior direction and about 0.1 BW in the medial and anterior directions. Generally, minimization of joint forces produced the best predictions. Furthermore, minimizing muscle activation resulted in maximum knee forces of about 4 BW for walking and 2.5 BW for squatting. Minimizing joint forces resulted in maximum knee forces of 2.25 BW and 2.12 BW, that is, a reduction of 44% and 15%, respectively. Thus, changing the muscular coordination strategy can strongly affect knee joint forces. Patients with a knee prosthesis may adapt their neuromuscular activation to reduce joint forces during locomotion.
Deep brain stimulation of the thalamus restores signatures of consciousness in a nonhuman primate model
Authors: Tasserie Jordy , Uhrig Lynn , Sitt Jacobo D. , Manasova Dragana , Dupont Morgan , Dehaene Stanislas , Jarraya Béchir
Published: October 2022

Loss of consciousness is associated with the disruption of long-range thalamocortical and corticocortical brain communication. We tested the hypothesis that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of central thalamus might restore both arousal and awareness following consciousness loss. We applied anesthesia to suppress consciousness in nonhuman primates. During anesthesia, central thalamic stimulation induced arousal in an on-off manner and increased functional magnetic resonance imaging activity in prefrontal, parietal, and cingulate cortices. Moreover, DBS restored a broad dynamic repertoire of spontaneous resting-state activity, previously described as a signature of consciousness. None of these effects were obtained during the stimulation of a control site in the ventrolateral thalamus. Last, DBS restored a broad hierarchical response to auditory violations that was disrupted under anesthesia. Thus, DBS restored the two dimensions of consciousness, arousal and conscious access, following consciousness loss, paving the way to its therapeutical translation in patients with disorders of consciousness.
Complete Genome Sequence of Monkeypox Virus Strain MPXV-ROK-P1-2022 Isolated from the First Monkeypox Patient in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Choi Chi-Hwan , No Jin Sun , Kim Jin-Won , Lee Minji , Shin Hwachul , Choi Myung-Min , Yi Hwajung , Rhie Gi-eun
Published: October 2022

We report the complete genome sequence of the monkeypox virus strain MPXV-ROK-P1-2022, isolated from the first patient diagnosed with monkeypox in the Republic of Korea in June 2022. The virus was fully sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq instrument, and the phylogenetic tree showed that the strain belongs to lineage B.1.1.
Clonal Spread of pESI-Positive Multidrug-Resistant ST32 Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis Isolates among Broilers and Humans in Slovenia
Authors: Papić Bojan , Kušar Darja , Mićunović Jasna , Pirš Mateja , Ocepek Matjaž , Avberšek Jana
Published: October 2022

Salmonella
Infantis clones with pESI-like plasmids harboring several virulence and resistance genes have been reported worldwide. In the present study, we compared the population structure of 161
Salmonella
Infantis isolates obtained from humans and broilers in Slovenia from 2007 to 2021.
Nanopore Sequencing Using the Full-Length 16S rRNA Gene for Detection of Blood-Borne Bacteria in Dogs Reveals a Novel Species of Hemotropic Mycoplasma
Authors: Huggins Lucas G. , Colella Vito , Atapattu Ushani , Koehler Anson V. , Traub Rebecca J.
Published: October 2022

Blood- and vector-borne bacteria (VBB) can cause severe pathology and even be lethal for dogs in many regions across the globe. Accurate characterization of all the bacterial pathogens infecting a canine host is critical, as coinfections are common and emerging and novel pathogens that may go undetected by traditional diagnostics frequently arise.
Spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage from pancreatoduodenal artery (PDA) rupture and associated complications
Authors: Tan Edmund Wooi Keat , Shelat Vishal G , Monteiro Amelia Yuting , Low Jee Keem
Published: October 2022

Spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage (SRH) is rare. It may present with abdominal or back pain with or without haemodynamic instability. Aggressive resuscitation while investigating the cause of bleeding and providing haemostasis are the standard of care. Subsequent close monitoring is necessary to identify early complications.

This study reports three patients who presented to our institution within the last 5 years with SRH from a ruptured pancreaticoduodenal artery (PDA) aneurysm. Each patient had a unique presentation, complications and treatment demonstrating the variability and complexity of SRH. One patient presented with sudden abdominal pain and hypovolaemic shock, underwent angioembolisation and had an eventful recovery. Another patient presented similarly and was treated via angioembolisation but experienced gastric outlet obstruction and obstructive jaundice requiring surgical haematoma evacuation. Another patient had an incidental finding of haemoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy that was subsequently diagnosed as SRH resulting from a PDA aneurysm rupture secondary to medial arcuate ligament syndrome.
Evaluating implementation of Diabetes Self-Management Education in Maryland County, Liberia: protocol for a pilot prospective cohort study
Authors: Trujillo Celina , Ferrari Gina , Ngoga Gedeon , McLaughlin Amy , Davies Joe , Tucker Anthony , Randolph Cyrus , Cook Rebecca , Park Paul H , Bukhman Gene , Adler Alma J , Pierre Jacquelin
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Achieving glycaemic targets for people living with diabetes (PLWD) is challenging, especially in settings with limited resources. Programmes need to address gaps in knowledge, skills and self-management. Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) is an evidence-based intervention to educate and empower PLWD to improve self-management activities. This protocol describes a pilot study assessing the feasibility, acceptability and effect on clinical outcomes of implementing DSME in clinics caring for people living with insulin-dependent diabetes in Liberia.

Methods and analysis

Our protocol is a three-phased, mixed-methods, quasi-experimental prospective cohort study. Phase 1 focuses on (a) establishing a Patient Advisory Board and (b) training providers in DSME who provide care for PLWD. In phase 2, clinicians will implement DSME. In phase 3, we will train additional providers who interact with PLWD.

We will assess whether this DSME programme can lead to increased provider knowledge of DSME, improvements in diabetes self-management behaviours, glycaemic control, diabetes knowledge and psychosocial well-being, and a reduction in severe adverse events. Primary outcomes of interest are implementation outcomes and change in frequency of self-management behaviours by patients. Secondary outcomes include change in haemoglobin A1c, psychosocial well-being, severe adverse events and change in provider knowledge of DSME.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Liberia Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Brigham and Women’s Hospital IRB. Findings from the study will be shared with local and national clinical and programmatic stakeholders and published in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal.
Supporting self-management in women with pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy: a protocol for a mixed-methods sequential comparative case study
Authors: Sushko Katelyn , Sherifali Diana , Nerenberg Kara , Strachan Patricia H , Butt Michelle
Published: October 2022

Introduction

For women with pre-existing type 1 and type 2 diabetes, glycaemic targets are narrow during the preconception and prenatal periods to optimise pregnancy outcomes. Women aim to achieve glycaemic targets during pregnancy through the daily tasks of diabetes self-management. Diabetes self-management during pregnancy involves frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose and titration of insulin based on glucose measures and carbohydrate intake. Our objective is to explore how self-management and support experiences help explain glycaemic control among women with pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a four-phased mixed-methods sequential comparative case study. Phase I will analyse the data from a prospective cohort study to determine the predictors of glycaemic control during pregnancy related to diabetes self-management among women with pre-existing diabetes. In phase II, we will use the results of the cohort analysis to develop data collection tools for phase III. Phase III will be a qualitative description study to understand women’s diabetes education and support needs during pregnancy. In phase IV, we will integrate the results of phases I and III to generate unique cases representing the ways in which self-management and support experiences explain glycaemic control in pregnancy.

Ethics and dissemination

The phase I cohort study received approval from our local ethics review board, the Hamilton Integrated Ethics Review Board. We will seek ethics approval for the phase III qualitative study prior to its commencement. Participants will provide informed consent before study enrolment. We plan to publish our results in peer-reviewed journals and present our findings to stakeholders at relevant conferences/symposia.