bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Buchner Helmut
Published: June 2019

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

gern möchte ich Sie zum Lesen des zweiten Hefts 2019 der Klinischen Neurophysiologie einladen.

Was gibt es für Sie Neues und Spannendes?
Sonografie peripherer Nerven: Immun-Neuropathien
Authors: Schminke Ulf , Holbe Christine
Published: June 2019

Immun-Neuropathien sind seltene Erkrankungen, die allerdings frühzeitig einer kausalen Therapie zugeführt werden sollten, sodass es von großer Wichtigkeit ist, möglichst zuverlässig diese Immun-Neuropathie zu diagnostizieren. Der folgende Artikel hat zum Ziel, eine Übersicht über die typischen sonografischen Befunde sowie über den Zusatznutzen der Sonografie gegenüber der elektrophysiologischen Untersuchung bei Immun-Neuropathien wie der chronischen inflammatorischen demyelinisierenden Polyneuropathie (CIDP), systemischen Vaskulitiden, der multifokalen akquirieten demyelinisierenden sensiblen und motorischen Neuropathie (MADSAM), der multifokalen motorischen Neuropathie (MMN) und der neuralgischen Amyotrophie zu geben.
Primäre entzündliche Ursachen zerebraler Ischämie im Kindesalter
Authors: Hedrich Christian Michael , Hahn Gabriele , Smitka Martin
Published: June 2019

Ischämische Hirninfarkte sind im Kindesalter selten, können aber bei den betroffenen Individuen zu irreversiblen Schäden und einer schwerwiegenden Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität führen. Ein signifikanter Anteil der Infarkte im Kindesalter geht auf primäre ZNS Vaskulitiden (PACNS) zurück. Zur sicheren Diagnose müssen Differenzialdiagnosen, inklusive Systemerkrankungen die mit Vaskulitis einhergehen können ausgeschlossen werden. In Analogie zur Klassifikation der systemischen Vaskulitis, wird die PACNS nach dem Kaliber der betroffenen Gefäße eingeteilt. Die Diagnose und Einteilung erfolgt anhand der klinischen Präsentation, laborchemischer und bildgebender Untersuchungen, sowie Hirnbiospien im Falle von Kleingefäß ZNS Vaskulitiden. In Ermangelung prospektiver und kontrollierter klinischer Studien orientiert sich das therapeutische Vorgehen derzeit an kleinen Fallserien und Expertenempfehlungen. Die zur Verfügung stehende Medikamententherapie umfasst systemische Antikoagulation, hochdosierte Kortikosteroide und, wenn nötig, Cyclophosphamid zur Remissionsinduktion, sowie Basismedikamente zur Remissionserhaltung. Die Pathophysiologie der PACNS wird aktuell nur sehr inkomplett verstanden. Die Untersuchung und Entdeckung genetischer Ursachen wird jedoch zu einer Neuklassifikation und zielgerichteten und individualisierten Therapieoptionen beitragen. Um dies voranzutreiben sind nicht zuletzt aufgrund der Seltenheit der PACNS im Kindesalter internationale Kooperationen notwendig.
Rheumatologische Differenzialdiagnostik bei Uveitis im Kindesalter
Authors: Foeldvari Ivan
Published: June 2019

Ungefähr 10% der Uveitiden beginnen im Kindesalter, mit einer Inzidenz von 6,9 auf 100 000 unter 14 Jahren und 26,6 auf 100 000 von 15 bis 24 Jahren. Sie werden unterteilt in infektiöse und nichtinfektiöse Uveitiden. Die Klassifikation der SUN-Gruppe erfolgt je nach Lokalisation des Auftretens und abhängend vom zeitlichen Verlauf. Die häufigste nicht-infektiöse Ursache bei Kindern ist die Juvenile idiopathische Arthritis, gefolgt von Morbus Behcet und Sarkoidose. Auch autoinflammatorischen Erkrankungen können mit einer Uveitis assoziiert sein. Die anteriore Uveitis tritt vorwiegend bei der Juvenilen idiopathischern Arthritis, der lokalisierten Sklerodermie und dem Kawasaki-Syndrom auf. Bei der intermediären Uveitis gibt es vor allem eine Assoziation mit Sarkoidose, Blau Syndrom, Tinu Syndrom und Multipler Sklerose. Eine posteriore Beteiligung ist für Morbus Behcet typisch, kann aber auch beim Cryopirin-assoziiertem Fiebersyndrom oder Cogan-Syndrom auftreten. Eine frühzeitige Diagnosestellung ist wichtig, um rechtzeitg eine effektive Therapie einleiten zu können und das Sehvermögen nicht zu gefährden.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Brief Evidence-Based Review of Common Etiologies, Mechanisms of Secondary Injury, and Medical and Surgical Management
Authors: Sarma Anand K. , Ghoshal Shivani , Craven Spencer J. , Sarwal Aarti
Published: June 2019

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for only 10 to 15% of all strokes but remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite lengthy stays in critical care units, only one-half of those experiencing an ICH survive after 30 days, and those who do are often left with considerable disability. Treatment has traditionally focused on minimizing the hemorrhage expansion and reducing clot volume through both medical and surgical means. Management of ICH is a complex and multidisciplinary process. This review will discuss a few common etiologies, explore the pathophysiology of secondary neuronal injury after ICH, review the basics of ICH imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and highlight latest practices in medical and surgical management. Secondary injury mechanisms such as perihematomal edema and disordered cerebral autoregulation are discussed as potential targets for new treatment modalities. Emergent treatment in the “golden hour” after ictus provides a template of measures to adopt from initial contact with emergency medical services, to the emergency department, and thereafter, triage to the intensive care unit. Medical management including blood pressure control, hemostasis, and coagulopathy reversal are discussed and evidence from trials such as INTERACT 2, ATACH 2, and ANNEXA-4 are given a clinical context. Surgical management including intracranial pressure monitoring, surgical evacuation with open craniotomy, and minimally invasive approaches such as stereotactic-guided aspiration and thrombolysis, ultrasound-induced thrombolysis, image-guided stereotactic endoscopic aspiration, and stereotactic ICH underwater blood aspiration are enumerated. The outcomes and relevance of STICH, MISTIE, and CLEAR trials to present surgical care are elaborated. The review summarizes the current guidelines for the treatment of ICH and the latest literature in the field they are based upon. It aims to provide a concise article beneficial to the emergency physicians and neurointensivists/neuroanesthesiologists.
An Unexpected Dihalogenation/Dehydrogenation Product Derived­ via Iodolactonization of an N-Tosyl-N-[6-(2-cyclopenten-1-yl)-2-methylphenyl]glycine
Authors: Gataullin Rail R. , Mescheryakova Ekaterina S. , Sultanov Rifkat M. , Fatykhov Akhnef A. , Khalilov Leonard M.
Published: June 2019

The reaction between N-tosyl-N-[6-(2-cyclopenten-1-yl)phenyl]glycine (syn/anti atropisomeric mixture) and molecular iodine is studied. Along with the expected 8-exo-cyclization product possessing a 3-iodo-2,3,3a,6,7,11b-hexahydrobenzo[e]cyclopenta[g][1,4]oxazocine core, the unexpected 1,11b-dehydrogenated/1-iodinated analogue with a 1,3-diiodo-3,3a,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[e]cyclopenta[g][1,4]oxazocine structure is observed for the first time in a conventional halolactonization reaction.
Benzyl Acetylcarbamate Potassium Salt (BENAC-K): A Simple Nucleophilic N-Acetamide Equivalent
Authors: Sakai Takeo , Tatematsu Toshiki , Fukuta Ayumi , Kasai Satomi , Hayashi Kahori , Mori Yuji
Published: June 2019

Benzyl acetylcarbamate potassium salt (BENAC-K) has been developed as a simple nucleophilic acetamide equivalent. A broad variety of alkyl halides were converted into benzyloxycarbonyl-protected N-alkylacetamides in high yields by simple treatment with an almost equimolar (1.1 equiv) amount of BENAC-K in a polar solvent.
Physicians Voluntarily Using an EHR-Based CDS Tool Improved Patients' Guideline-Related Statin Prescription Rates: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chang Timothy S. , Buchipudi Ashwin , Fonarow Gregg C. , Pfeffer Michael A. , Singer Jennifer S. , Cheng Eric M.
Published: June 2019

Background In 2013, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) released a revised guideline on statin therapy initiation. The guideline included a 10-year risk calculation based on regression modeling, which made hand calculation infeasible. Compliance to the guideline has been suboptimal, as many patients were recommended but not prescribed statin therapy. Clinical decision support (CDS) tools may improve statin guideline compliance. Few statin guideline CDS tools evaluated clinical outcome.

Objectives We determined if use of a CDS tool, the statin macro, was associated with increased 2013 ACC/AHA statin guideline compliance at the level of statin prescription versus no statin prescription. We did not determine if each patient's statin prescription met ACC/AHA 2013 therapy intensity recommendations (high vs. moderate vs. low).

Methods The authors developed a clinician-initiated, EHR-embedded statin macro command (“statin macro”) that displayed the 2013 ACC/AHA statin guideline recommendation in the electronic health record documentation. We included patients who had a primary care visit during the study period (January 1–June 30, 2016), were eligible for statin therapy based on the ACC/AHA guideline prior to the study period, and were not prescribed statin therapy prior to the study period. We tested the association of macro usage and statin therapy prescription during the study period using relative risk and mixed effect logistic regression.

Results Subjects included 11,877 patients seen in primary care, who were retrospectively recommended statin therapy at study initiation based on the ACC/AHA guideline, but who had not received statin therapy. During the study period, 125 clinicians used the statin macro command for 389 of the 11,877 patients (3.2%). Of the 389 patients for whom that statin macro was used, 108 patients (28%) had a statin prescribed during the study period. Of the 11,488 for whom the statin macro was not used, 1,360 (13%) patients received a clinician-prescribed statin (relative risk 2.3, p < 0.001). Controlling for patient covariates and clinicians, statin macro usage was significantly associated with statin therapy prescription (odds ratio 2.86, p < 0.001).

Conclusion Although the statin macro had low uptake, its use was associated with a greater rate of statin prescriptions (dosage not determined) for patients whom 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines required statin therapy.
Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Vanamoorthy Ponniah , Samy Kavu D. , Bidkar Prasanna U.
Published: June 2019

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a time-sensitive neurological emergency and it remains to be the most common type of stroke. Rapid neuroimaging is the cornerstone for initiating time-sensitive interventions in the treatment of AIS. Revascularization therapies that were once considered irreversible, including intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular treatment (EVT), administered in a timely fashion have revolutionized the treatment of AIS. The indications for these therapies have expanded over the past few years and a lot of advancements are happening every year. IVT is offered to all eligible patients presenting within 3 hours of symptom onset and up to 4.5 hours with additional criteria. EVT with stent retrievers or aspiration devices, once limited to the first 6 hours of stroke onset, is now being offered up to 24 hours with advanced image-guided patient selection, which includes a computed tomography or magnetic resonance perfusion imaging. A protocol-based approach to the management of stroke, beginning from prehospital care reduces the time delay in the initiation of treatment. Providing access to these therapies by creating systems of care, hospital stroke team, and “stroke codes” improves the outcome of patients with AIS.
Multimodal Neuromonitoring: Current Scenario in Neurocritical Care
Authors: Goyal Keshav , Khandelwal Ankur , Kedia Shweta
Published: June 2019

Multimodal neuromonitoring (NM) is the concept of integrating various tools and data to understand brain physiology and guide therapeutic interventions to prevent secondary brain injury. There exists a range of invasive/noninvasive and global/regional monitors of cerebral hemodynamics, oxygenation, metabolism, and electrophysiology that can be used to guide treatment decisions after neurological insult. No single monitoring modality is ideal for all patients. Simultaneous assessment of cerebral hemodynamics, oxygenation, and metabolism allows individualized patient care. The ability to analyze these advanced data for real-time clinical care, however, remains intuitive and primitive. Advanced informatics is promising and may provide us a supportive tool to interpret physiological events and guide pathophysiological-based therapeutic decisions. Available literature is not robust regarding multimodality NM and favorable patient outcome. This narrative review is undertaken to know the status and recent advancement of multimodal NM in neurocritical care.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Meningitis and Encephalitis in Adult Patients
Authors: Treister Andrew K. , Koerner Ines P.
Published: June 2019

Meningitis and encephalitis are two inflammatory, often infectious, disorders of the meninges and the central nervous system. Both are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and require early and aggressive targeted treatment. This article reviews pharmacologic treatment strategies for infectious meningitis and encephalitis, using the latest available research and guidelines. It provides an overview of empiric antimicrobial treatment approaches for a variety of organisms, including a discussion of trends in antibiotic resistance where applicable. Key steps in diagnosis and general management are briefly reviewed.
Fast raster scan multiplexed charge stability measurements toward high-throughput quantum dot array calibration
Authors: Jang Wonjin , Cho Min-Kyun , Lee Myungwon , Hong Changki , Kim Jehyun , Jung Hwanchul , Chung Yunchul , Umansky Vladimir , Kim Dohun
Published: June 2019

We report raster scan multiplexed charge-stability diagram measurements for tuning multiple gate-defined quantum dots in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. We evaluate the charge sensitivity of the quantum point contact (QPC) in both radio frequency (rf)-reflectometry and direct current-transport modes, where we measure the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 40 for rf-QPC with an integration time per pixel of 10 ms, corresponding to 1.14 ms for resolving single electron transition in the few electron regime. The high SNR for reasonable integration time allows fast two-dimensional (2D) scanning, which we use to facilitate double and triple quantum dot (TQD) tuning processes. We configure a highly stable raster scan multiplexed quantum dot tuning platform using a switching matrix and transformer-coupled alternating current ramp sources with software control. As an example of high-throughput multiple quantum dot tuning, we demonstrate systematic TQD formation using this platform in which a multiplexed combination of 2D scans enables the identification of the few electron regime in multiple quantum dots in just a few minutes. The method presented here is general, and we expect that the tuning platform is applicable to more complex multiple quantum dot arrays, allowing efficient quantum dot system Hamiltonian parameter calibration.
Enhanced method for analyzing Langmuir probe data and characterizing the Electron Energy Distribution Function (EEDF)
Authors: Trent Kimberly R. , Gallimore Alec D. , Foster John E.
Published: June 2019

Langmuir probes (LPs) are a versatile diagnostic tool that can be used to calculate a multitude of plasma parameters including electron temperature, number density, and the electron energy distribution function (EEDF), especially when the probe theory is properly matched with the plasma regime. In a Hall-effect thruster (HET) plasma plume, where the flow is supersonic and mesothermal, conventional approaches attempt to avoid measuring the anisotropic components and apply classical LP theory for isotropic, Maxwellian plasmas. Not only does this result in large systematic error bars (20%–50%) but also gives no further insight into the dynamics of these plasmas. In this study, the probe axis is placed transverse to the flow direction. The resulting effect of this orientation on the sheath and wake was taken into account through the LP theory used to analyze the data and in fact was used to the advantage of composing a streamlined, nongraphical analysis. The high-speed dual LP system was used downstream of the H6 HET to take time-averaged measurements. A pre-analysis binning method was used instead of smoothing, along with the Druyvesteyn method to find the EEDF. Error bars were ≤12% for each plasma parameter. A chi-square fitting routine along with statistical parameters were used to obtain more information about the EEDF's form and to guide the interpretation of the fit. The EEDFs were mainly drifting Maxwellians with a velocity shift of ∝106 m/s. This drift could be due to a number of mechanisms, one being some combination of double layers and beam-plasma interactions.
Davydov-Ansatz for Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg-Majorana transitions in an environment: Tuning the survival probability via number state excitation
Authors: Werther Michael , Grossmann Frank , Huang Zhongkai , Zhao Yang
Published: June 2019

We theoretically investigate transitions in a two-level system, which are induced by a sweep through an avoided crossing in the presence of coupling to a single, excited bosonic mode. This allows us to propose an initial number-state bosonic excitation as a new possible control parameter for the survival probability at long times. The expansion of number states in terms of coherent states centered around points on a circle in phase space makes a multi-Davydov-Ansatz the method of choice to perform the required numerical calculations. It is revealed that the starting time of the transition greatly affects the final transition probabilities. In addition, we found that the mixing angle, which is tuning between the diagonal and off-diagonal coupling, is decisive for the ability to control the transition via number state excitation. For a mixing angle of π/4, we found the maximal effect of number state excitation on the transition probability.
Spin Seebeck effect in insulating SrFeO3−δ films
Authors: Hong Deshun , Liu Changjiang , Pearson John E. , Hoffmann Axel , Fong Dillon D. , Bhattacharya Anand
Published: June 2019

In SrFeO3−δ, noncollinear antiferromagnetic spin textures have led to the observation of the topological Hall effect and may give rise to novel magnetic excitations. Here, we measured the spin Seebeck effect in epitaxial, oxygen reduced SrFeO3−δ films, which are nonferromagnetic and insulating at low temperatures. We detected a spin Seebeck signal below 300 K and the signal is enhanced below ∼100 K, near the ordering temperature of incommensurate antiferromagnetism found in bulk single crystals of SrFeO3−δ. The spin Seebeck signal increases in magnitude and develops a nonlinear dependence on the magnetic field at lower temperatures. Control experiments were used to verify that the measured signal arises from a spin current and to rule out magnetic proximity effects. Our work shows a detectable spin Seebeck signal in nonferromagnetic insulator SrFeO3−δ.
Design and testing of a system for measuring high-frequency AC losses in superconducting wires and coils carrying DC and AC currents
Authors: Nikulshin Y. , Ginodman V. , Friedman A. , Yeshurun Y. , Wolfus S.
Published: June 2019

Development of high-power superconducting applications requires the accurate estimation of AC losses in the superconductor. In applications such as superconducting magnetic energy storage, the charge/discharge/persistent switching frequency of the coil, resulting from pulse width modulation control algorithms, is usually in the kilohertz regime. Therefore, a thorough investigation of the losses in the kilohertz regime of AC currents superimposed on large DC currents is essential in order to ensure the device stable operation at a predefined temperature. We describe here a unique experimental setup designed and built for characterizing AC losses in superconducting wires and coils under such special conditions. To minimize the eddy currents induced in the apparatus, a cryostat vacuum vessel was made of Delrin, an insulating synthetic polymer. The measurement setup allows driving DC currents up to 150 A and superimposed AC currents with amplitudes up to 10 Arms and frequencies up to 18 kHz. The system utilizes conduction cooling to reach a wide range of temperatures between 6 and 100 K and allows measurements of 10 cm long superconducting wires and coils with a diameter of 40 cm. The loss is measured by the electrical method, i.e., by direct voltage and current waveform measurement, achieving a resolution better than 100 nW. The system described here will assist in developing superconducting wires and coils for high-power applications.
Dynamical aspects of supercooled TIP3P–water in the grooves of DNA
Authors: dos Santos M. A. F. , Habitzreuter M. A. , Schwade M. H. , Borrasca R. , Antonacci M. , Gonzatti G. K. , Netz P. A. , Barbosa M. C.
Published: June 2019

We investigate by molecular dynamics simulations the mobility of the water located at the DNA minor and major grooves. We employ the TIP3P water model, and our system is analyzed for a range of temperatures 190–300 K. For high temperatures, the water at the grooves shows an Arrhenius behavior similar to that observed in the bulk water. At lower temperatures, a departure from the bulk behavior is observed. This slowing down in the dynamics is compared with the dynamics of the hydrogen of the DNA at the grooves and with the autocorrelation functions of the water hydrogen bonds. Our results indicate that the hydrogen bonds of the water at the minor grooves are highly correlated, which suggests that this is the mechanism for the slow dynamics at this high confinement.
Evolution of element-specific electronic structures in alkaline titanates
Authors: Fan Wei , Song Yang , Bi Jiachang , Pei Yujuan , Zhang Ruyi , Cao Yanwei
Published: June 2019

Probing the electron hybridization between alkaline metal and oxygen ions is fundamentally important to understand variable emergent phenomena in alkaline titanates, however, experimental study of which is very limited. In this letter, in order to characterize the evolution of element-specific electronic structures in single crystal alkaline titanates ATiO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba), we carried out resonant soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy at Ti L2,3- and O K-edges and performed multiplet calculations. In sharp contrast to analogous Ti electronic structures in ATiO3, the electronic structure of oxygen changes drastically with different A-site metals (Ca, Sr, Ba), indicating the strong hybridization between alkaline metal and oxygen ions. Our work reveals an important role of A-site alkaline metals in determining the electronic structures of oxygens in ATiO3, and paves a way to design novel quantum states (e.g., coexisting ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and superconductivity) with oxide interface engineering.
The physics of falling water droplets with different Weber numbers
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: June 2019

Researchers used high-speed cameras to study how falling droplets deform liquid surfaces and developed new numerical model describing the process.
Providing competent, comprehensive and inclusive sexual health services for men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Bien-Gund Cedric H. , Zhao Peipei , Cao Bolin , Tang Weiming , Ong Jason J. , Baral Stefan D. , Bauermeister José A. , Yang Li-Gang , Luo Zhenzhou , Tucker Joseph D.
Published: June 2019

Although men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV and other sexually transmissible infections, sexual health services for MSM in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) remain under-resourced and are poorly understood. A scoping review of literature on MSM sexual health in LMIC was conducted in order to identify key clinical services and gaps in knowledge. Three databases were searched, in addition to hand-reviewing key journals and bulletins, to identify literature with a focus on MSM sexual health. Key services related to providing care to MSM in LMIC that emerged from our review are described. These services include creation of safe and confidential clinic environments, HIV testing services, behavioural interventions, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and STI services. Compared with high-income settings, major differences in LMIC include lack of diagnostic technology, unfavourable legal environments and lack of funding for MSM health. Innovative approaches to healthcare delivery, such as harnessing mobile technology, self-testing and crowdsourcing interventions, can improve health services among MSM in LMIC. There are gaps in the evidence about how best to provide sexual health services for MSM in LMIC settings. Implementation research and scale-up of existing biomedical and behavioural interventions, such as HIV/STI testing services, PrEP and early antiretroviral initiation are urgently needed in LMIC.
Assessment of the influence of biophysical properties related to fuel conditions on fire severity using remote sensing techniques: a case study on a large fire in NW Spain
Authors: García-Llamas Paula , Suárez-Seoane Susana , Taboada Angela , Fernández-García Victor , Fernández-Guisuraga José M. , Fernández-Manso Alfonso , Quintano Carmen , Marcos Elena , Calvo Leonor
Published: June 2019

This study analyses the suitability of remote sensing data from different sources (Landsat 7 ETM+, MODIS and Meteosat) in evaluating the effect of fuel conditions on fire severity, using a megafire (11891ha) that occurred in a Mediterranean pine forest ecosystem (NW Spain) between 19 and 22August 2012. Fire severity was measured via the delta Normalized Burn Ratio index. Fuel conditions were evaluated through biophysical variables of: (i) the Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index and mean actual evapotranspiration, as proxies of potential live fuel amount; and (ii) Land Surface Temperature and water deficit, as proxies of fuel moisture content. Relationships between fuel conditions and fire severity were evaluated using Random Forest models. Biophysical variables explained 40% of the variance. The Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index was the most important predictor, being positively associated with fire severity. Evapotranspiration also positively influenced severity, although its importance was conditioned by the data source. Live fuel amount, rather than fuel moisture content, primarily affected fire severity. Nevertheless, an increase in water deficit and land surface temperature was generally associated with greater fire severity. This study highlights that fuel conditions largely determine fire severity, providing useful information for defining pre-fire actions aimed at reducing fire effects.
Predominant localization of phosphatidylserine at the cytoplasmic leaflet of the ER, and its TMEM16K-dependent redistribution
Authors: Tsuji Takuma , Cheng Jinglei , Tatematsu Tsuyako , Ebata Aoi , Kamikawa Hiroki , Fujita Akikazu , Gyobu Sayuri , Segawa Katsumori , Arai Hiroyuki , Taguchi Tomohiko , Nagata Shigekazu , Fujimoto Toyoshi
Published: June 2019

Significance

Phospholipids in the plasma membrane are scrambled between the two leaflets by TMEM16 proteins. Some TMEM16 family members are also present in intracellular membranes, but whether they scramble phospholipids inside cells has not been demonstrated. To address this question, we developed a method to study the distribution of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) in individual membrane leaflets. Using this method, we found that PtdSer is present in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the endoplasmic reticulum and in the nuclear membrane, and that an increase in intracellular Ca
2+
causes the PtdSer in intracellular membranes to be redistributed in a TMEM16K-dependent manner. These results indicate that phospholipids in the endoplasmic reticulum are redistributed by a mechanism similar to that in the plasma membrane.
From resource curse to institutional incompatibility: a comparative study of Nigeria and Norway oil resource governance
Authors: Onditi Francis
Published: June 2019

This article seeks to address a policy quandary: despite Nigeria’s history of oil exploitation since 1956 and institutionalization of theNigeria Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (NEITI)in 2004, why has the country not been able to address the resource wealth–poverty dilemma? Is it that the EITI’s governance model is too Western to address Nigeria’s resource curse? It has been established that a country’s propensity to integrate EITI principles in the oil industry is largely dependent not only on the existence of institutions, but also on the level of institutional development. Norway and Nigeria both created policy and regulatory systems. Norway’s more competent administrative structures grew into a self-regulatory system but, by contrast, Nigeria’s indigenous civil service never developed institutional arrangements sufficient to integrate the oil industry into the entire national or regional institutional framework. Considering these historical and contextual differences between Nigeria and Norway, this article employs ‘stakeholder analysis’ to construct a framework of ‘thinking’ regarding how the oil sector could be effectively governed in Nigeria (Figure 7), a country with a robust civil society but a complex political system: in such countries, evolution of what I call a ‘self-reinforcing system of institutional incompatibility’ is inevitable, but institutionalization of foreign models such as EITI is often difficult to achieve.
Growing pains: Maturity associated variation in injury risk in academy football
Authors: Johnson D. M. , Williams S. , Bradley B. , Sayer S. , Murray Fisher J. , Cumming S.
Published: June 2019

Reducing injuries to youth players is of primary importance to academies, as injuries can result in a significant loss in both training and match time, as well as, negatively affecting player development. In total, 76 talented young football players were analysed over two full competitive seasons. The injury incidence and burden for all non‐contact and overuse injuries were recorded. Exposure was calculated as the total number of competitive matches hours played. Somatic maturation was estimated by expressing the current height of each player as a percentage of their predicted adult height [Roche, A. F., Tyleshevski, F., & Rogers, E. (1983). Non‐invasive measurements of physical maturity in children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 54(4), 364–371.]. The period of circa‐peak height velocity (PHV) (24.5 injuries per 1000 h) was associated with a significantly higher injury incidence rate and burden compared to pre‐PHV (11.5 injuries per 1000 h; RR:2.15, 95%CI:1.37–3.38, P < .001). No significant differences in injury risk between maturity timing groups were observed. The interaction effect between maturity status and maturity timing confirmed there is a risk period circa‐PHV, but this was not dependent on maturity timing. The main practical application of this study is that football academies should regularly assess the maturity status of young footballers to identify those players with increased susceptibility to injury. Moreover, academies should individualise training and injury prevention strategies based on maturation.
Simulation studies of temperature anisotropy driven pair-Alfvén and aperiodic instabilities in magnetized pair plasma
Authors: Dieckmann M E , Folini D , Bret A , Walder R
Published: June 2019

We compare with one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations the aperiodically growing instabilities driven by a bi-Maxwellian velocity distribution in unmagnetized electron plasma (Weibel instability) and in pair plasma. The simulation box is aligned with the cool direction. The waves in both simulations evolve towards a circularly polarized non-propagating magnetic structure. Its current and magnetic field are aligned and the structure is in a force-free state. We examine how a background magnetic field B
0, which is parallel to the simulation direction, affects the waves in the pair plasma. A weak B
0 cannot inhibit the growth of the aperiodically growing instability but it prevents it from reaching the force-free stable state. The mode collapses and seeds a pair Alfvén waves. An intermediate B
0 couples the thermal anisotropy to the pair Alfvén mode and propagating magnetowaves grow. The phase speed of the pair of Alfvén waves is increased by the thermal anisotropy. Its growth is suppressed when B
0 is set to the value that stabilizes the mirror mode.
Improvement of stereo matching algorithm based on guided filtering and Kernel Regression
Authors: Cao Ying Shan , Liu Jin Gen , Wen Tie Xiang , Bi Xu
Published: June 2019

Stereo matching is one of the most dynamic fields in computer vision. Though its relevant research has already stepped into a mature stage, there are still certain challenges to obtain real-time and high-precision disparity maps from stereo image pairs. This paper presents a novel local stereo matching algorithm with better performance in edge preserving. In the first stage, this paper measures matching cost through combining truncated absolute differences (TAD) of the color and gradient. In the cost aggregation stage, this paper is creatively to combined the weighted guided filtering and adaptive steering kernel regression algorithm, which effectively preserves image edge and depth information. In the final stage, an adaptive steering kernel regression algorithm is employed in interpolation to refine the final disparity map. According to the Middlebury benchmark experiments, the algorithm proposed in this paper could have better performance than other local stereo matching algorithms.
Electronic Invoice Authenticity Verifying Scheme Based on Signature Recognition
Authors: Xie Rongna , Mao Weihua , Shi Guozhen
Published: June 2019

With the rapid development of network and information technology, paperless and electronics have become the development trend of today’s economic life. As a consumption certificate, e-invoice has become more and more demanding in e-commerce. The existing electronic invoice verification method only judges whether the electronic invoice has passed the verification by verifying the authenticity of the digital signature of the seller. Although the verification result has certain reference value, it is assumed that the electronic invoice does not authorize by the tax authority, because the verification process will not verify the signature of the tax authority, which cannot be detected as an illegal behavior. This verification method cannot guarantee the complete legality and authenticity of the electronic invoice. Aimed at the above problems, this paper designs a digital signature-based electronic invoice authenticity verifying scheme. By verifying the legality of the signature of the seller and tax authority, and the truth of the trading information, it can ensure the authenticity of the electronic invoice passed.
Research on Storage Location Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Xu Wei , Jia Hongwei
Published: June 2019

Based on the assumptions given by the model, a mathematical model of multi-objective optimization problem is established on the basis of considering the requirements of gravity center, frequency and the time required for a single operation mode to complete the operation of warehouse entry and exit. A genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of warehouse location optimization. The simulation results show that the genetic algorithm can effectively solve the problem of warehouse location optimization.
Design of real-time simulation method for infrared earth sensor signal based on FPGA architecture
Authors: Wang Yan , Xie Ziyan , Zhang Jinjiang
Published: June 2019

The infrared earth sensor simulator composed by analog circuit or analog circuit with digital circuit is widely used in the field of spacecraft dynamics simulation and testing. The traditional analog methods with low level of real-time performance and poor stability are difficult to determine the parameters of system components. A real-time digital process method based on field programmable gate array was proposed. The hardware architecture was designed and implemented, and FPGA signal filtering, on-board differential calculation and earth square wave calculation algorithm were focused on. The Validation results show that the system accuracy can reach 0.005, and the signal processing process is not affected by environmental interference, has good stability, and is valuable for engineering applications.
Simplifying Long Short-Term Memory for Fast Training and Time Series Prediction
Authors: Zhang Yuyan , Hao Xin , Liu Yong
Published: June 2019

Long short Term Memory(LSTM) has been widely used in sequencial problems. However, for the time series prediction problems, its complex structure limits its running speed and performance. In order to solve this problem, this paper simplified the standard LSTM model by reducing the number of gates and the parameters involved in gates computation. Experiments on univariate data set and multivariate data set show that the proposed simplified model not only has better accuracy, but also has higher running speed.
Information Technology and Its Application in Accounting Simulation Experiments
Authors: Zhou Haiyan
Published: June 2019

With the rapid development of computer and communication technology, information technology has become more and more widely used in various fields such as industrial and agricultural production and social life. Information technology contains many aspects, and computer multimedia technology is an important part of information technology. Multimedia information technology mainly includes audio technology, video technology, data compression technology and virtual reality technology. In the information age, the development trend of networked and integrated computer multimedia technology can provide interactive platform and technical support for accounting simulation experiments, and plays an important role in the process of accounting course simulation practice teaching. ERP system is a platform system developed by modern information technology based on relevant management concepts. Financial management is an important part of the system. The system is used to design accounting simulation experiment courses and experience the actual experience of accounting related business. Drilling can provide experience accumulation. It can be customized to develop a software system that matches the teaching curriculum of the school. Based on this, accounting simulation experiments are carried out. In the end, the purpose of improving the experimental results and efficiency is achieved. This paper mainly studies the development of accounting simulation experiment system based on J2EE technology.
Influence of Temperature Uniformity of Billet before Rolling on Microstructure and Properties of Hot Rolled Rebar
Authors: Zhang Hongliang , Feng Guanghong , Wang Baoshan , Liu Xuming , Liu Xin
Published: June 2019

Through calculating the temperature field of billet in the process of reheating furnace, direct rolling and direct rolling with insulating cover, the temperature uniformity of billet obtained by different processes before starting rolling had been analysed. And then the mechanical properties and microstructure of hot rolled rebars in different positions of each process had been examined. The conclusions are as follows: The temperature uniformity of billet before rough rolling can be effectively increased by adding insulation covers in the conveying process of billet. With the decrease of temperature difference between the head and tail of billet, the fluctuation range of mechanical properties of production is narrowed. The process can obviously reduce the difference of grain size between the head and the tail of billet.
Experimental study of high/low temperature effects on the dynamic performance of rubber spring for railway vehicles
Authors: Teng Wanxiu , Tan Fuxing , Shi Huailong
Published: June 2019

For the layer rubber spring of a high-speed bogie, lab tests were conducted to obtain the dynamic parameters under extremely high and low temperatures (-60°C∼60°C) to obtain the nonlinear stiffness and damping parameters relevant to the frequency, amplitude and temperature changes. It starts from introducing the rubber element dynamic parameter test equipment, test plan and test methods. The applied loads and the temperatures are discussed. Then both the static and dynamic tests were performed for the layer spring of axle box, along the axial and radial directions. It shows that the common results can only reflect frequency- and amplitude-dependent characteristics of rubber, but the corresponding parameter change associated with each frequency and amplitude is highly dependent on the temperature. This phenomenon is quite severe in the low and extremely low temperature cases. Therefore, it is essential and necessary to carry out environmental temperature tests as well as basic theory study and simulations on all rubber components in order to know the parameter variation domain of the suspension system of a railway vehicle.
Effect of Shanxian Granule on Immunity in Lewis Lung Cancer Mice
Authors: Yan Fang , Rui Yang , Xia Dong , Chaoyu Zhang , Xiaoping Ying , Yanfang Pan , Xiaoping Wang
Published: June 2019

Objective: To observe the effect of Shanxian Granule on the proliferation of Lewis lung cancer cells and anti-tumor immunity of Lewis lung cancer bearing mice, and explore the molecular mechanism of Shanxian Granule in inhibiting tumors and improving the anti-tumor immunity of the body, so as to provide a profound theoretical basis for its clinical application. Methods: Lewis lung cancer cells were implanted into subaxillary skin to establish tumor bearing mice model, the mice were divided into control group, model group, chemotherapy group and Shanxian granule group, calculating the inhibition rate by weighing the tumor of Lewis lung cancer bearing mice, calculating the spleen index by weighing the spleen, immunohistochemical method was used to detected the expression of lymphocyte CD4+ and CD8+ in spleen. Results: 1. The inhibition rate of Shanxian granule group on Lewis lung cancer was 45.99%, significantly higher than that of chemotherapy group (P < 0.05); 2. Spleen index, ratio of CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell in model group and chemotherapy group were significantly lower than those in the control group and Shanxian granule group (P < 0.05); while there was no significant difference between the control group and Shanxian granule group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Shanxian Granule could obviously inhibit the tumor growth in Lewis lung cancer bearing mice, increase spleen index, enhance T lymphocyte activity and restore immune homeostasis of mice, indicating that the anti-tumor effect of Shanxian Granule may be related to the improvement of immunity and the enhancement of immune surveillance function.
Design of a Transmission-line Transformer in the Construction of Strong Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Lei Zhang , Lewu Deng , Ping Wei , Peng Cui
Published: June 2019

Principle and design process of a transmission-line transformer are introduced in this paper. This design is mainly used to solve the problem of antenna impedance matching in the process of constructing strong electromagnetic environment, in order to improve the space radiation efficiency of low frequency band and realize the effective construction of strong electromagnetic environment.
Research on Evaluation of Linux in Aerospace Based on Improved FAHP
Authors: Yu Su , Yushuai Liu , Li Sun , Zhexi Yao , Jinbo Wang
Published: June 2019

The evaluation and selection of embedded operating system are very important for manned spaceflight engineering. Considering the fuzziness and hierarchy of the evaluation process, a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) based on variation coefficient method and Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation (CRITIC) method is proposed to be applied to comprehensive evaluation of real-time Linux in space embedded system. The evaluation system, evaluation set and Gaussian distribution membership function are constructed, and the weight values of each criterion and index are determined by variation coefficient method and CRITIC method. The measured data are used for quantitative indexes such as real-time performance, and the expert scoring method is used for qualitative indexes such as reliability and compatibility, and verifies the validity of the model through simulation. The results show that the improved FAHP can quickly and intuitively judge the performance characteristics of Linux system and its derivatives, and provide a method for scientific and effective evaluation of space embedded operating system.
The Identification Problem-Solving Abilities Based on Gender: Implementation Teaching Science Trough Guided Discovery Model’s in Bangkalan District
Authors: Hidayati Y , Rosidi I , Hadi W P
Published: June 2019

The aimed of this research was to identify differences of student’s problem-solving abilities in junior high school in Bangkalan district based on gender. Problem-solving ability is measured by paper and pencil test using the Polya’s indicator. The research design with one group pretest-posttest design. Data analysing with paired T-test. The paired t-test show that -tcount < -ttable < tcount = -1,051 <-2,021 <1,051. It can be concluded that the problem-solving abilities of female students is better than male students. In addition, teaching science with a problem-solving approach will provide learning experiences to improve pupil’s ability.
Instructional technique questions in the searching phase of project based learning to increase concept map scores
Authors: Auliya Dewi Fahma , Widoretno Sri , Dwiastuti Sri , Sajidan  , Saputra Alanindra
Published: June 2019

The research aims to increase the student’s Concept Map (CM) score through the application of instructional technique questions in the stages of searching for the theoretical background of the driving question in Project Based Learning. Research is a Class Action Research with 3 Cycles, procedure of the research are: planning the lesson plan, implementation of actions, observation, reflection, and construct of expert CM. The research subjects consisted of 32 high school students. Percentage of students’s CM score calculated based Novak & Gowin. Validation test uses triangulation method: verification of CM scores suitability and documentation based on CM experts and interviews. Data analyzed as qualitative descriptive by reducing, presenting data and drawing conclusions based on complete CM data. The results shown that the instructional technique of teacher’s questions increased the CM scores of students, but variation presented in component CM.
Science Process Skills Based on Genders of High School Students
Authors: Dahlia Yuliskurniawati Irma , Ika Noviyanti Nurul , Rosyadah Mukti Windy , Mahanal Susriyati , Zubaidah Siti
Published: June 2019

The 21st-century learning emphasizes the students’ ability to find out for a variety of sources, formulate a problem, think analytically, cooperation and collaborate in solving problems. Science process skills are essential competencies that must be achieved in the 21st century. These skills can also assist students in logical thinking, asking rational questions, and solving problems in their everyday life. The current research aimed to investigate the level of senior high school students’ science process skills. This research was a survey which involved four public senior high schools (SMAN), namely SMAN 4 Malang, SMAN 7 Malang, SMA 8 Malang, and SMAN 1 Turen. The research data were analyzed using an unpaired t-test. The results of the analysis showed that there was a difference between the male students’ science process skills and the female students’ science process skills (p 0.002). It was reported that 23% of the female students had achieved criteria 1 and around 34% had accomplished criteria 2. On the other hand, 26% of the male students had attained criteria 1 and only 17% of them had performed criteria 2. These findings suggest that an innovative learning model needs to be applied to empower the students’ science process skills.