bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The “Breaches” of Shakespeare’s The Life of King Henry the Fifth
Authors: Hunt Maurice
Published: October 2014

The argument of this essay involves documenting the presence of dilation in Henry the Fifth . Rhetorical dilation suits Shakespeare’s presentation of Henry as a heroic king, chiefly in the staging of his reconquering France in the spirit of his great-grandfather, Edward III. Nevertheless, the playwright qualifies the heroic swellings in this play whose virile monarch made it appealing to Londoners dissatisfied with aging, childless Queen Elizabeth by introducing into it literal and figurative breaches of various wholes, whether a national boundary or an army. Rifts in these entities often possess social overtones with political implications for England’s national expansion and ethnic inclusion, as well as for the possibility of imperial rule elsewhere. Finally, the presence of breaches in a dilated entity provides a way of understanding how the notoriously discordant elements in Henry’s character—his capacities for Machiavellian intrigue, heroic valor, and Christian piety—can coexist without the denial of or preference for any one of them.
War and Tragedy and the Fate of the Spoken: Virgil’s Secularization of Prophecy
Authors: Franke William
Published: October 2014

The Aeneid , considered as a prophetic poem delivering divine revelation, changes radically in its latter half, which is devoted largely to the war of conquest. Revelation here comes no longer in visions sent from heaven; the awesome revelatory power of the poem is invested instead in dislocations, such as glaring contradictions of generally accepted ethics and ideals that are made tragically manifest in the course of history and painfully registered upon the human heart. This may seem to entail the abandonment of prophecy, but it can also be understood as a transformation and secularization of it. The poem continues to open preternatural insight into the mysterious mobiles of human action and historical events in a way that is continuous with its prophetic visions and yet undermines all attempts at rational control and comprehension of such revelations.
“You Talk ’merican?”: Class, Value, and the Social Production of Difference in Helena María Viramontes’s Under the Feet of Jesus
Authors: López Dennis
Published: October 2014

While conventional wisdom posits a definition of capital grounded in processes of abstraction that efface the particularities of laboring bodies, the history of capitalism betrays a social reality wherein the valorizing of capital necessitates the continual deployment of race-making and gendering technologies to maximize profits and safeguard exploitative conditions of production. Through a reading of Helena María Viramontes’s Under the Feet of Jesus , this essay examines the foundational relationship that exists between capital accumulation and the social production of difference. In her novel, Viramontes expressly condemns the racist and sexist predatory operations of capital on the laboring body, deliberately foregrounding the significance of racial and gender divisions to capitalist accumulation. Under the Feet of Jesus juxtaposes the concrete social particularities of the laboring body to the abstracting and objectifying forces of the capital relation, thus exposing the intrinsic racial and gender inequalities that constitute the foundations for capitalist profit-making.
Forms of Identity in Gwendolyn Brooks’s World War II Poems
Authors: Edford Rachel
Published: October 2014

Gwendolyn Brooks contends that the 1967 Fisk University Writers’ Conference transformed her ideas about poetic form and led her to set aside her poems in traditional forms and adopt free verse as a form better suited to African American expression. Much criticism of Brooks’s pre-1967 poetry confirms her assessment and associates traditional verse with constraining, even racist, frameworks. However, these forms enable rather than restrict expression, and this is especially true of her World War II poems. A nuanced reading of conventional and free-verse poems and her prose writings about the war demonstrates the singular efficacy of conventional poetic form in representing the difficult subject of war. Brooks’s traditionally formal war poems, such as “Gay Chaps at the Bar” and “The Anniad,” manage the war’s disorder, shaping the incoherent and incomprehensible war experiences of their speakers into stable forms.
Genes as a Historical Archive: On the Applicability of Genetic Research to Sociohistorical Questions: The Debate on the Origins of Ashkenazi Jewry Revisited
Authors: Kohler Noa Sophie
Published: October 2014

The origin of the Ashkenazi Jews has fascinated a growing number of geneticists in recent decades. Using genetic markers to answer questions of history is an approach that is at once tempting and precarious. Both genetics and history are highly specialized fields, and with an interdisciplinary approach, difficulties abound. This article briefly discusses this complex issue based on two studies, written by geneticists, which aimed at contributing to the research on the history of Ashkenazi Jewry. To date, geneticists who have tried to tackle historical questions by means of genetics and statistics have had difficulties with the dialectic methods of historiography, while historians have often misinterpreted the validity of the research results of the so-called “exact sciences.” Only when both sides study and understand the other side’s methodology can cooperation lead to usable and meaningful results.
Genes and Non-Mendelian Diseases: Dealing with Complexity
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: October 2014

The first decades of the new medical genetics (1980 to 2000) were marked by resounding successes, with the identification of the genes responsible (when defective) for muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, or Huntington’s disease, to name just a few of the several thousand Mendelian genetic conditions whose causes are now known. In contrast, the search for genes involved in common disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, schizophrenia, or autism failed miserably in the 1990s, with inconsistent and conflicting results—although the strong genetic component of these diseases (that also involve environmental factors) was (and still is) beyond doubt. From 2000 on, thanks to huge progress in genomic knowledge, technology, and analytical methods, it became possible to reliably identify genes influencing the risk of complex conditions, using the so-called GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Study) approach. Yet many problems remain, such as the vexing question of the “missing heritability,” or the difficulty of translating these scientific results into genetic tests with real clinical validity and utility. Autism is one of the cases in which a strong genetic component has been demonstrated, but where the search for causative genes remains difficult and attempts at developing valid genetic tests have failed, because of the many genes involved and possibly of the heterogeneity of the condition.
Origins of the Classical Gene Concept, 1900–1950: Genetics, Mechanistic, Philosophy, and the Capitalization of Agriculture
Authors: Allen Garland E.
Published: October 2014

In the period of “classical genetics” (roughly 1915–1950), the common view of the gene was mechanistic—that is, genes were seen as individual, atomistic units, as material components of the chromosomes. Although it was recognized early on that genes could interact and influence each other’s expression, they were still regarded as individually functioning units, much like the chemists’ atoms or molecules. Although geneticists in particular knew the story was more complex, the atomistic gene remained the central view for a variety of reasons. It fit the growing philosophy of mechanistic materialism in the life sciences, as biologists tried to make their field more quantitative, rigorous, and predictive, like physics and chemistry. Conceptually and pedagogically, it provided a simple way to depict genes (as beads on a string) that fit with the exciting new work on chromosomal mapping. The atomistic gene also fit well with the increasing drive to move capital into agriculture, both for potential patenting purposes and for ease of experimental manipulation and prediction. It is the latter point that the present essay explores most thoroughly. The rise of agriculture as an industrialized process provided a context and material support that fueled much of the rapid growth of genetics in the first half of the 20th century.
The Evolution of Epigenetics
Authors: Felsenfeld Gary
Published: October 2014

Early studies of the developing embryo raised the question of how a fertilized egg could give rise to a complex multicellular organism containing many different kinds of cells. The term epigenetics originally referred to the study of these processes. With the advent of detailed knowledge of mechanisms of gene expression, this definition was superseded by another: epigenetics concerned the transmission of phenotype through mitosis or the germ line by mechanisms that did not involve changes in the DNA sequence. Much effort has been spent in attempting to identify and characterize these events. Work initially focused on DNA methylation as an epigenetic mark, but more recently there has been an emphasis on histone modifications as possible carriers of epigenetic information. However, there is confusion between situations in which the modifications may be propagated through cell division, thus helping to maintain a pattern of gene expression, and situations in which the modifications are simply part of the transcriptional apparatus. Arguments about the role of the histones have led to a reexamination of the definition of epigenetics and the primary events in development leading to cell type specific gene expression patterns.
Johannsen’s Criticism of the Chromosome Theory
Authors: Roll-Hansen Nils
Published: October 2014

The genotype theory of Wilhelm Johannsen (1857–1927) was an important contribution to the founding of classical genetics. This theory built on Johannsen’s experimental demonstration that hereditary change is discontinuous, not continuous as had been widely assumed. Johannsen is also known for his criticism of traditional Darwinian evolution by natural selection, as well as his criticism of the classical Mendelian chromosome theory of heredity. He has often been seen as one of the anti-Darwinians that caused the “eclipse of Darwinism” in the early 20th century, before it was saved by the Modern Synthesis. This article focuses on Johannsen’s criticism of the chromosome theory. He was indeed skeptical of the notion of the chromosomes as the sole carriers of heredity, but he praised the mapping of Mendelian genes on the chromosomes as a major step forward. Johannsen objected that these genes could not account for the whole of heredity, and that the stability of the genotype depended on much more than the stability of Mendelian genes. For Johannsen, the genotype, as a property of the whole organism, was the fundamental and empirically well-established entity.
The Discovery of De Novo Gene Evolution
Authors: Tautz Diethard
Published: October 2014

Genes can evolve via duplication and divergence mechanisms, but also de novo out of non-coding intergenic sequences. This latter mechanism has only recently become fully appreciated, while the former mechanism was an almost exclusive dogma for quite some time. This essay explores the history of this development: why a view developed, with the alternative hardly being explored. Because of the prevailing view, an important aspect of the nature of genes and their evolutionary origin escaped our attention. Evidence is now rapidly accumulating that de novo evolution is a very active mechanism for generating novelty in the genome, and this will require a new look at how genes arise and become functional.
The Concept of the Causal Role of Chromosomes and Genes in Heredity and Development: Opponents from Darwin to Lysenko
Authors: Deichmann Ute
Published: October 2014

The idea of chromosomes and genes as causal agents in development and heredity originated in late 19th-century cytology, and it was most strongly supported by Theodor Boveri and Edmund B. Wilson. The concept of genes, which was central and most fruitful in classical genetics, appeared, however, unappealing and insufficient to many for explaining complex biological phenomena such as development. Philosophical outlooks, among them “Lamarckian” and holistic predilections, played a significant role in scientists’ objection to genes as causal factors. A wide conceptual gap between genetics and developmental biology ensued. The strongest attack on the concept of genes was launched by agronomist and politician Trofim Lysenko in the Soviet Union under Stalin. Brushing aside the “Mendelist-Morganist” methods of classical genetics, Lysenko put forward a holistic concept of heredity that incorporated development and heritable responses to environmental conditions, similar to Darwin’s Pangenesis theory, though of course some 60 years later. Recent developments include the role of genes in research on epigenetic marks and in systems approaches based on embryological gene regulatory networks.
Genome as a Multipurpose Structure Built by Evolution
Authors: Morange Michel
Published: October 2014

The 2012 publication of the results of the ENCODE program generated an acrimonious debate about the role of junk DNA. This debate is a symptom of the difficulties of dovetailing functional and evolutionary descriptions of genomes. This essay argues that extant genomes are the result of a progressive evolutionary construction. To the basic function that gives rise to RNA and proteins have been successively added additional functions, such as regulation by microRNA and epigenetic marks. This process of complexification was the result of evolutionary history, and different for the different genomes. Better knowledge of the evolutionary history of genomes would help to understand these structures and their functions.
Brief Notes on the Meaning of a Genomic Control System for Animal Embryogenesis
Authors: Davidson Eric
Published: October 2014

This article presents some reflections on how the recently published Boolean gene regulatory network (GRN) model for sea urchin endomesoderm development affects the problem of what we can expect to know about a developmental process. The Boolean computation demonstrated that, on a system-wide level, a topological GRN model can contain sufficient regulatory information to predict in silico all the spatial and almost all the temporal processes of regulatory gene expression observed in this phase of embryonic development. Conclusions that can be drawn illuminate the general and fundamental characteristics of developmental regulatory systems, such as their innate hierarchy and their reliance on logic-processing functions. The automaton-like performance which the Boolean model displayed reflects the basic quality of genomically controlled developmental process. This quality is of course the underlying requirement for a genetically encoded developmental mechanism. The accessibility of system-wide mechanistic explanation is something new in developmental biology, and turns on their head old truisms that for a century have been implicit in science aimed at small parts of systems.
The Biology of Race: Searching for No Overlap
Authors: Jackson Myles W.
Published: October 2014

With the rise of molecular genetics and the cornucopia of techniques it provides, a number of biomedical researchers in both the public and private sectors have turned to the human genome to search for variations among the world’s populations, with the purpose of tracing human evolution and migration patterns and predicting genetic disorders. The human genome also offers insight into an individual’s genealogy, which has never before been charted with such precision. Whereas 18th- and 19th-century scholars fetishized external characteristics in order to classify humans, more recent scholars have turned to the internal sequence of the genome. But how does one define populations? Should they be based on race? Can one speak of race at the molecular level? This essay explores the history of the biology of race with a view to compare and contrast modern molecular biological studies with the more pernicious actions of early-20th-century eugenicists. The key linking the two practices is the search for biological entities that do not overlap among the races. A critical difference is that modern studies use molecular biology to include previously excluded populations in the treatment of certain diseases. While the intentions are quite different, a number of scholars feel that genetic essentialism might be the end result.
Evaluating the efficacy of drama therapy in teaching social skills to children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: D’Amico Miranda , Lalonde Corinne , Snow Stephen
Published: October 2014

This article reviews a year-long study at the Centre for the Arts in Human Development at Concordia University (Montreal, Canada). It analyses the results of a specialized adaptation of drama therapy for a group of preadolescent children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders. The procedure aimed at improving social skills and problem behaviours. Statistical results of the study are promising in demonstrating the efficacy of drama therapy in this domain.
Service Climate and Display of Employees’ Positive Emotions: The Mediating Role of Burnout and Engagement in Services
Authors: Carrasco Hugo , Martínez-Tur Vicente , Peiró José María , García-Buades Esther , Moliner Carolina
Published: October 2014

Este artigo teve como objectivo testar um modelo que relaciona o clima de serviço com a frequência de expressão de emoções positivas por parte dos trabalhadores de frontline. Propõe-se que o burnout e o engagement no trabalho medeiam a relação entre o clima de serviço e a expressão de emoções positivas. O clima de serviço tem um impacto negativo sobre o burnout e positivo sobre o engagement; por sua vez, burnout e engagement estão significativamente relacionados com a frequência da expressão de emoções positivas. Este modelo foi testado quer ao nível individual quer ao nível das unidades de trabalho, tendo sido comparado com um modelo que propõe uma associação directa adicional entre o clima de serviço e as emoções positivas dos trabalhadores de frontline. Os modelos foram testados através de modelos de equações estruturais (SEM). A amostra foi composta por 508 trabalhadores de frontline, pertencentes a 151 grupos de trabalho. No nível individual, os resultados confirmaram o papel mediador do engagement na relação entre o clima de serviço e a expressão de emoções positivas por parte dos trabalhadores de frontline. Ao nível da unidade de trabalho, quer o burnout quer o engagement medeiam a relação entre o clima de serviço e as emoções positivas. O engagement revelou-se o mais importante preditor directo da expressão de emoções positivas, tanto no nível individual como na unidade de trabalho.
On some special polynomials appearing in orthogonal systems on the unit circle
Authors: Lasarow Andreas
Published: October 2014

A classical theorem due to Eneström and Kakeya gives some bounds
for the moduli of the zeros of polynomials having a monotone sequence of non-negative (real) coefficients.
Nowadays, one can find several modifications and generalizations of this result in the literature.
The main subject of the paper is a study of links of coefficients which
occur in some of these general results with a view to the recurrence relations
fulfilled by systems of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle.
In particular, we discuss the question, if the relevant links are consistent with the
recurrence relations or not.
This leads to some new insight into the analyzed classes of polynomials.
A canonical linear system associated to adjoint divisors in characteristic p > 0
Authors: Schwede Karl
Published: October 2014

Suppose that X is a projective variety over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0. Further suppose that L is an ample (or more generally in some sense positive) divisor. We study a natural linear system in

|

K
X

+
L
|

$\vert K_X + L\vert $

. We further generalize this to incorporate a boundary divisor Δ.
We show that these subsystems behave like the global sections associated to multiplier ideals,

H
0

(
X
,
𝒥

(
X
,
Δ
)

⊗
L
)

$H^0(X, \mathcal {J}(X, \Delta ) \otimes L)$

in characteristic zero. In particular, we show that these systems are in many cases base-point-free. While the original proof utilized Kawamata–Viehweg vanishing and variants of multiplier ideals, our proof uses test ideals.
Models of neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Berman-Booty Lisa D , Knudsen Karen E
Published: October 2014

Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the USA and most western countries. Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed form of prostate cancer. Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is less frequently identified at the time of initial diagnosis, but this highly aggressive form of prostate cancer is increasingly observed in patients who have failed first- and second-line hormone therapy. Thus, developing and exploring models of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NePC) are of increasing importance. This review examines the relevant xenograft tumor and genetically engineered mouse models of NePC, with the aim of addressing salient features and clinical relevance.
Experience with fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment ofClostridium difficileinfection
Authors: Vigvári Szabolcs , Nemes Zsuzsanna , Vincze Áron , Solt Jenő , Sipos Dávid , Feiszt Zsófia , Kappéter Ágnes , Kovács Beáta , Péterfi Zoltán
Published: October 2014

Introduction: During the past years a dramatic change has been observed in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections. Aim: The aim of the authors was to investigate the possibility of the fecal microbiota transplantation and study differences, if any, in the success rate of the two different upper gastrointestinal tract method. Method: 100 ml of fecal microbiota solution was instilled via a nasoduodenal tube in 15 cases and a nasogastric tube in 15 cases. The authors defined the primary cure rate as the percentage of cases in which the symptoms disappeared without recurrence within 6 weeks after the first fecal microbiota transplantation, while secondary cure rate was calculated as the percentage of cases in which the symptoms resolved after the second fecal microbiota transplantation. Results: It was found that fecal microbiota transplantation applied via the nasoduodenal tube resulted in a 100% primary cure rate. With the use of the nasogastric tube, the primary and secondary cure rate were 80% and 93.3%, respectively. Fecal microbiota transplantation via the upper gastrointestinal tract was found to have an overall primary cure rate of 90.0% and a secondary cure rate of 96.7%. Conclusions: Fecal microbiota transplantation proved to be very effective, particularly in recurrent infections and cases where conventional treatment failed. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(44), 1758–1762.
Successful treatment of an acute type A aortic dissection presented with ST segment elevation on ECG and pericardial tamponade. Case report
Authors: Pólos Miklós , Szabolcs Zoltán , Apor Astrid , Édes István , Paulovich Erzsébet , Merkely Béla
Published: October 2014

Successful treatment of type A acute aortic dissection depends on the promptness of diagnostic evaluation and therapy. Fast diagnosis can be challenged by numerous complications such as myocardial ischemia, acute aortic insufficiency, and disturbances in organ perfusion and pericardial tamponade. The authors report the case history of a 72-year-old woman, who was admitted after resuscitation with ST segment elevation. Echocardiography revealed acute type A aortic dissection with signs of pericardial tamponade. An emergency operation consisting of the resection of the ascending aorta and the reconstruction of the aortic root was performed, which took six hours from admission until the end of the operation. Follow-up examinations demonstrated good left ventricular function and competent aortic valve. The authors propose that with the development of diagnostic and therapeutic options, faster and less invasive interventions will be introduced in near future for the treatment of acute aortic dissection, which may reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of this lethal illness. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(44), 1763–1767.
Challenges of the modern antibody diagnostics in kidney transplantation
Authors: Wettstein Dániel , Szentiványi Dorottya
Published: October 2014

Overcoming antibody mediated rejection is of increasing interest in the field of transplantation immunology. The recipient’s antibodies against the graft human leukocyte antigens are responsible for antibody mediated graft injury. Introduction of the solid phase immunoassay technology radically changed the monitoring practice of antibodies against human leukocyte antigens, and this has consequences both for pretransplant and posttransplant phases, though our knowledge about the clinical interpretation of the detected antibodies is limited. This integrating review reports recommendations and algorithms regarding the management of kidney transplant patients. The detection of complement activation combined with the solid phase techniques is a promising new approach in antibody testing. The C4d and especially the more sensitive C1q methods have the potential to answer pivotal questions about the clinical relevance of antibodies. Answering the questions that the applied new methods raised and reviewing the recommendations are needed to remain up to date with this dynamically developing field. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(46), 1820–1830.
Focus shifts in the Hungarian reimbursement system. Funding of orphan medicinal products for rare disease patients in Hungary: Financing of orphan medicines
Authors: Szegedi Márta , Molnár Mária Judit , Boncz Imre , Kosztolányi György
Published: October 2014

Focusing on the benefits of patients with rare disease the authors analysed the aspects of orphan medicines financed in the frame of the Hungarian social insurance system in 2012 in order to make the consumption more rational, transparent and predictable. Most of the orphan drugs were financed in the frame of compassionate use by the reimbursement system. Consequently, a great deal of crucial problems occurred in relation to the unconventional subsidized method, especially in the case of the highest cost enzyme replacement therapies. On the base of the findings, proposals of the authors are presented for access to orphan drugs, fitting to the specific professional, economical and ethical aspects of this unique field of the health care system. The primary goal is to provide a suitable subsidized method for the treatment of rare disease patients with unmet medical needs. The financial modification of orphans became indispensible in Hungary. Professionals from numerous fields dealing with rare disease patients’ care expressed agreement on the issue. Transforming the orphan medicines’ financial structure has been initiated according to internationally shared principles. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(44), 1735–1741.
Reasons for adult immunization – Prevention of most frequent respiratory infections
Authors: Ludwig Endre
Published: October 2014

The adult vaccination is utilized insufficiently as a preventional method currently, even the incidence and mortality of vaccine-preventable infections is very high in the elderly and patients with immuncompromised conditions. They should be protected due to many reasons: the rate of these individuals are getting higher in the population, the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy is limited and becoming more significant due to antibiotic resistance, the quality of life in survivors of severe infections is deteriorated, resulting huge burden to the individual and society as well. The impaired functions of immune system with the advancing age cause higher morbidity and mortality especially in respiratory infections, it is representing in the incidence and high letality of community acquired pneumonia in older adults. Beyond the old polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) the inclusion of new conjugate vaccine (PCV13) means a significant improvement in the prevention of pneumococcal infections, providing a possibility to prevent not just pneumococcal infections with bacteraemia caused by serotypes presented in the vaccine, but non-bacteraemic pneumonias as well. The necessity of flu vaccines cannot be stressed enough even the vaccines is not so effective in elderly than in younger adults: annual immunization against influenza administering together with pneumococcal vaccination decrease significantly the number, severity and complications in older adults as well. Further improvement in protection of immuncompromised patients is the establishment of cocoon immunity with the vaccination of close contacts. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(44), 1743–1747.
Amphibia, Hylidae, Itapotihyla langsdorffii: distribution extension
Authors: Lingnau Rodrigo , Zank Caroline , Colombo Patrick , Vinciprova Giovanni
Published: October 2014

None
Insecta, Hymenoptera, Bethylidae: range extension and filling gaps in Australia
Authors: Azevedo C. O.
Published: October 2014

None
Aggressively feminine
Authors: Lopez Qiuana
Published: October 2014

This article builds on previous research on white male cross-racial linguistic appropriations of blackness by considering similar appropriations by white female characters in film. Specifically, it examines how such characters use semiotic resources of hip-hop, particularly its language and music, to perform an aggressive femininity that is simultaneously raced, classed, sexualized and gendered. While these performances are racially complex because they push against the boundaries of US racial categories, they also erase the distinctions between black, Latino, gang and hip-hop cultures. Furthermore, in using hypersexualized blackness to construct a white female hip-hop and/or gangster identity, black females become invisible in these films. The study demonstrates that the mediatized representation of white hip-hop relies on problematic ideologies of both race and gender
Sexism and gender stereotyping in the Dagbanli language
Authors: Alhassan Salifu Nantogma
Published: October 2014

This paper examines sexism in the Dagbanli language of northern Ghana. The focus is on the vocabulary, and on popular terms and expressions that name, label or describe males and females. Although reference is occasionally made to dictionary definitions, the analyses of gender biases and stereotyping are based on speakers’ interpretations and descriptions of the cultural practices that provide the context for the use of words and their proper interpretation. The study reveals biased assumptions in the meanings of words that refer to males and females and the use of words to create and affirm gendered stereotypes of the two sexes. Similar words that refer to males and females do not have equivalent meanings; there are more labels that denigrate and trivialise females than males, and the labelling shows that different standards of conduct are set for males and females.
Bond–slip behaviour between self-compacting concrete and carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer sheets
Authors: Al-Rousan Rajai , Haddad Rami , Al-Halboni Ahmad
Published: October 2014

The bond–slip behaviour between self-compacting concrete (SCC) and carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets was investigated using double shear pull-off concrete specimens. Concrete blocks of size 150 × 150 × 100 mm were made from two aggregate types (limestone and basalt), two aggregate gradations (12 mm and 19 mm) and three water-to-cement (w/c) ratios (0·30, 0·35 and 0·40). CFRP sheets were attached to the concrete specimens using three different bond widths (50, 100 and 150 mm) and four bond lengths (60, 80, 100 and 120 mm). The ends of the CFRP sheets were adhered to the concrete specimens at two parallel sides using a special epoxy; the middle was left free for the wrapping of an aluminium cylinder of 100 mm diameter before pull-off testing. The obtained results and literature data were employed in the development of a statistical model to estimate the ultimate shear strength and slippage between CFRP sheets and SCC. The results showed that the effect of aggregate type is insignificant, although the basalt aggregate samples showed higher bond strength and corresponding slippage than the limestone samples. The trend behaviour of the bond–slip curves for double shear pull-off specimens showed no noticeable difference between SCC mixtures made from two different aggregate gradations, but the resulting values showed a slight increase in bond strength and slippage for the concrete specimens made from the larger aggregate particles. Water-to-cement ratio was found to have a significant effect on bond strength and corresponding slippage: bond strength and slippage increased with a reduction in w/c ratio. There was a noticeable decrease in bond stress and a noticeable increase in corresponding slippage for increasing bond length and bond width. The statistical model developed shows an excellent fit to the data used, as indicated by high coefficients of determination.
Custos dos Serviços de Não-auditoria (SNA) das Maiores Empresas Brasileiras
Authors: Rosa Carolina Aguiar da , Guzzo Eder José , Borba José Alonso , Borgert Altair
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar os custos dos Serviços de Não-Auditoria - SNA das maiores empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo - BM&FBOVESPA. Para a consecução deste trabalho foram utilizadas as informações divulgadas no Formulário de Referência - FR e no Relatório de Administração - RA, relativas ao ano de 2010, das 100 maiores empresas classificadas por valor de mercado, apresentadas na Revista Exame. Para identificar os elementos que caracterizam os grupos de empresas com diferentes custos de SNA evidenciados utilizou-se a análise de variância, avaliando-se a partir das variáveis ativo total, patrimônio líquido, resultado líquido e custos dos serviços de auditoria externa - SAE. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que os SNA mais utilizados pelas empresas são os de auditoria de impostos (31%). Por outro lado, os serviços de auditoria SOX detêm um custo expressivo, representando 16% do total de SNA, mas possuem uma baixa incidência, que pode ser justificada por uma preocupação recente com a governança corporativa. Uma preocupação com a evidenciação dos SNA pode surgir, pois 50% dos custos evidenciados pelas empresas compõem o grupo "outros serviços" e não são explicitados os tipos de serviços que fazem parte desse grupo. Além disso, foram encontradas incoerências de informações evidenciadas no FR e RA em 35% das empresas. Quanto às relações da variabilidade dos custos dos SNA, este estudo traz evidências de que os maiores custos dos SNA evidenciados pelas empresas da amostra estão naquelas em que os custos de SAE são maiores.
Fatores Relacionados ao Nível de Divulgação de Ativos Intangíveis após a Adoção das IFRS por Empresas do IGC da BM&FBOVESPA
Authors: Klann Roberto Carlos , Popik Fabiane , Kreuzberg Fernanda , Salla Neusa Gonçalves
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste estudo consiste em verificar os fatores que influenciam o nível de divulgação de informações sobre ativos intangíveis nas empresas listadas no Índice de Governança Corporativa (IGC) da BM&FBovespa, no período após adoção das International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Para tal, delineou-se a pesquisa como sendo descritiva, documental e quantitativa. A amostra é composta das 125 empresas não financeiras que compõem o IGC da BM&FBovespa. A análise inicialmente pautou-se nas Notas Explicativas e nos Relatórios de Administração divulgados no ano de 2011, a fim de classificar as informações evidenciadas sobre os ativos intangíveis, por meio de check list elaborado a partir das informações contidas no Pronunciamento Técnico CPC 04 R1 (2010). Para as observações dos itens a serem divulgados, indicados no check list, foi atribuída uma pontuação adaptada de Boff, Beuren e Hein (2009). Para a análise dos dados efetuou-se uma Regressão Linear Múltipla, relacionando-se o fator tamanho, idade, classificação dos setores de atuação, governança corporativa, concentração de capital, emissão de ADR e alavancagem, com a divulgação das informações sobre ativo intangíveis, a fim de alcançar o objetivo da pesquisa. Os resultados apontam que dos fatores analisados apenas as variáveis referentes ao nível de governança corporativa, percentual de ações ordinárias e a classificação setorial das empresas possuem uma relação significativa com o nível de evidenciação de ativos intangíveis das listadas no IGC.
Habilidades e Competências do Controller: um Estudo com Alunos de Cursos de Pós-graduação em Controladoria
Authors: Araújo Jaqueline Gomes Rodrigues de , Callado Aldo Leonardo Cunha , Cavalcanti Brasiliana Sulamita B.
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar quais habilidades e competências são desenvolvidas em cursos de pós-graduação (lato senso) com ênfase em controladoria, que estão relacionadas com o perfil contemplado na literatura para o profissional controller. A pesquisa tem como base teórica os estudos desenvolvidos por Baruch e Peiperl (2000), Baruch e Lemming (2001) e Baruch et al. (2003), acerca das competências e habilidades desenvolvidas a partir de cursos de pós-graduação (Master of Business Administration - MBA). Quanto às competências específicas do controller, a investigação se fundamentou em estudos desenvolvidos por Kester (1928), Moseley e Henning (1970), Martin (2002), Anthony; Govindarajan (2002); Horngren; Sundem e Stratton (2004). A pesquisa caracteriza-se como exploratória e quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário estruturado com estudantes de cursos pós-graduação na cidade de João Pessoa/PB. O estudo indica quais competências foram notadas como mais desenvolvidas, dentre as quais se destacam: habilidades financeiras, de avaliação econômica, habilidades associadas à contabilidade e planejamento estratégico. Os resultados contribuem para fortalecer o pensamento de que um curso de pós-graduação pode adicionar valor aos graduados, tornando-os mais preparados para as demandas do mercado.
Implementação do Custeio Baseado em Atividades para Gestão dos Gastos de uma Empresa de Serviços Alimentícios
Authors: Cavalcante Henrique Torres , Raupp Fabiano Maury
Published: October 2014

O artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar a implementação do custeio baseado em atividades para gestão dos gastos de uma empresa de serviços alimentícios. Foi empreendido um estudo descritivo, por meio de um estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa. Os instrumentos utilizados na coleta dos dados foram entrevistas e dados primários. Para análise e tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se a análise descritiva. A proposta, fundamentada no custeio baseado em atividades e no estudo desenvolvido por Lippel (2002), considerou a realidade vivenciada pelo restaurante e possibilitou a identificação dos processos e atividades existentes, dos custos de tais processos e atividades, a alocação desses custos aos produtos, bem como a alocação dos gastos relativos à matéria-prima, mão de obra e despesas diversas aos também produtos. A proposta permite analisar informações quanto à lucratividade de cada prato, preço de venda e quantidade vendida, podendo o gestor ponderar a melhor composição do seu cardápio, mix de produtos ofertados e optar pelos pratos que representam a melhor relação custo-benefício para o restaurante.
Percepção do Rodízio de Auditoria sob o olhar dos Auditores Independentes
Authors: Quevedo Mirella Conti , Pinto Leonardo José Seixas
Published: October 2014

O rodízio de auditoria no Brasil foi criado por iniciativa do Banco Central do Brasil (BACEN) em resposta a escândalos que ocorreram e que colocaram em risco a imagem das firmas de Auditoria. Posteriormente, o rodízio foi adotado pela Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM), englobando as sociedades anônimas de capital aberto, registradas na bolsa de valores. A rotatividade se tornou um assunto polêmico, à medida que influencia, de alguma forma, no relacionamento dos auditores com seus clientes, bem como em todo o mercado das empresas de auditoria, questionando-se, dessa forma, sua efetividade. Considerando tais fatos, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar junto aos auditores independentes sua percepção sob o rodízio de auditoria, buscando compreender se são favoráveis ou não a esse procedimento. Dessa maneira, a pesquisa avaliou a percepção de 64 auditores independentes de 6 empresas de auditoria diferentes, por meio da abordagem survey, com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Constatou-se, principalmente, que: 58% dos auditores acreditam que o rodízio conseguiu inibir os escândalos contábeis; 56% acreditam que os custos envolvidos na rotatividade do rodízio superam os ganhos; 76% acreditam que o conhecimento acumulado gera vício de trabalho; 48% acreditam que os auditores se aproximam do cliente caso não haja o rodízio. Por outro lado, 64% afirmam que há perda de eficácia nos trabalhos de auditoria com a implementação do rodízio e que 74% das empresas auditadas não aderiram ao CAE, com o intuito de prolongar o prazo de 5 para 10 anos de uma mesma empresa de auditoria. Os achados desta pesquisa, quando comparados à opinião dos órgãos públicos de contabilidade em relação ao rodízio, revelam contradição. Enquanto 91% dos auditores pesquisados defendem o rodízio, seja por rotatividade da empresa ou por rotatividade do auditor independente, o CFC e o IBRACON não são favoráveis ao sistema. Por outro lado, a CVM estabelece o rodízio para as firmas de auditoria e o BACEN para os profissionais com cargos gerenciais.
Development, characteristics and validity of the EORTC QLQ-PR25 and the FACT-P for assessment of quality of life in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Chu Dominic , Popovic Marko , Chow Edward , Cella David , Beaumont Jennifer L , Lam Henry , Nguyen Jasmine , Giovanni Julia Di , Pulenzas Natalie , Bedard Gillian , Bottomley Andrew
Published: October 2014

This review aims to compare and contrast the development, characteristics and validity of two widely used quality of life assessment tools in patients with prostate cancers: the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-PR25) and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACT-P). Both questionnaires present several strengths as well as some limitations in measuring the quality of life of prostate cancer patients. Each tool may be selected accordingly based on study design and needs.
Forest genetic resources in Serbia: State and recommendations for improvement in this area
Authors: Sijacic-Nikolic Mirjana , Milovanovic Jelena , Nonic Marina
Published: October 2014

Forest genetic resources, which represent genetic diversity contained in the
thousands of forest tree species, take a significant place in total
biodiversity of Serbia. The forest ecosystems of Serbia include about 250
indigenous tree species which, according to geographical-floral elements,
belong to the Middle-European, Pontic and Mediterranean element. Within the
available gene pool, special attention should be addressed to wild fruit tree
species and those species which are relict, endemic, rare and endangered
according to the IUCN categorization. The regulatory basis for conservation
and directed utilization of forest genetic resources in Serbia can be found
in the strategic and legal acts in the field of environmental protection,
nature conservation and forestry. Previous activities in the conservation of
forest genetic resources are insufficient, whereby the level of their
endangerment is continuously increasing as a result of deforestation and
climate change. This situation requires a clear definition of a national
strategy of conservation and directed utilization of forest genetic resources
in Serbia, as a basis for planning activities in this area based on best
practices.
Forestry of Serbia - achievement of Millenium Goals in the era of climate change and globalization
Authors: Orlovic Sasa , Drekic Milan , Matovic Bratislav , Poljakovic-Pajnik Leopold , Stevanov Mirjana , Stojanovic Dejan , Stojnic Srdjan
Published: October 2014

This paper is a review presenting research results on the forest ecosystems
of Serbia that are carried out at the Institute of Lowland Forestry and
Environment (University of Novi Sad, Serbia) in the context of climate change
and globalisation. The review displays results of the long-term monitoring of
the forest ecosystems, where the data were obtained at the permanent
experimental trials of IPC-Forests (level 2) and the iLTER's network. All
findings are systematically divided according to the research disciplines and
the most important tree species (poplar, willow, oak, wild cherry and
European beech). Also the aspects of social sciences are included (meaning
evaluating forest institutions in the first place). This review is meant to
contribute inputs to the ongoing discussion about the achievement of the
Millenium Goals of Sustainable Development in the context of Serbian
forestry.
Some thoughts on power: International context
Authors: Josifidis Kosta , Losonc Alpar
Published: October 2014

This is a polemical essay that enters into broad dialogue with the
contemporary literature concerning the dynamic of power. It refers to the
appropriate material and results from the research of different theories. It
proposes the constitutive position of the power in the international
situation. In contrast to some current theories, we emphasize the importance
of the politicoeconomical approach, denoting that only the methodology based
on the logics of political economy can explain the dynamics of power in the
international context. The main thread of this essay is that the
international constellation is not a neutral environment, but a framework
that is deeply determined by the power-relations. The central idea is that
these relations should be explicated by the complex relationships between
freedom and order. We analyze the interaction between the politics and
economy as the constitutive feature of the structure of international
context. This essay is divided into three sections. First, we are treating
the meaning of order in an international context, in respect to the
political-economic aspects of late capitalism. The notion of this order has a
great importance in the economic reflections. The dynamic of the
interconnectedness of global capitalism is examined considering the
systematic aspects of power. After that we are analyzing different, and
selected, aspects of the international sphere including: the spatiality of
the world order, that is, the spatial aspects of the international dynamics
in the context of globalization, the convergence or divergence between the
capitalist and territorial logic, the ?legaleconomic nexus? in international
?chain?, the processes of the modification of the forms of competition within
recent globalization, and the political-economic conflicts in relation to the
regime of economic measurement. Starting with these considerations we explain
the current debates on ?demondialization?, or the combination between
neomercantilist and neoliberal policies.
The origin of Yule time in Serbian tradition
Authors: Fajfric Boris
Published: October 2014

Every year, Serbian people celebrate Christmas Eve and Christmas Day in a
solemn manner enclosing various traditions. All these traditions originate
from ancient Slavs, who were pagans. Each element and ritual has its own
symbolism and significance. They are mainly related to Slavic gods, dead
ancestors and some mythical creatures. When the Slavs received Christianity,
their customs adopted a new meaning. The church canceled some customs because
of their magical properties, but it also preserved others and made them an
important part of Christian traditions. Thus Yule and some customs before
Christmas Day gained a Christian meaning, so that Serbs could get acquainted
with the celebration of Christ?s birth.