bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apparent preferences for cognitive effort fade when multiple forms of effort and delay are interleaved in a foraging environment
Authors: Toro-Serey Claudio , Kane Gary , McGuire Joseph
Published: June 2021

Cognitive and physical effort are typically regarded as costly, but demands for effort also seemingly boost the value of prospects under certain conditions. One contextual factor that might influence the perceived value of effort is the mix of different demand types a decision maker encounters in a given environment. Here, we embedded both cognitive and physical effort in a "prey selection" foraging task, which required decision makers not only to evaluate the magnitude and delay of a focal prospective reward but also to estimate the general opportunity cost of time. In two experiments, participants encountered prospective rewards that required equivalent intervals of cognitive effort, physical effort, or unfilled delay. Monetary offers varied per trial, and the two experiments differed in whether the type of effort or delay cost was the same on every trial (between-participant manipulation, n=21 per condition), or varied across trials (within-participant manipulation, n=48). When each participant faced only one type of cost, cognitive effort persistently produced the highest acceptance rate compared to trials with an equivalent period of either physical effort or unfilled delay. We theorized that if cognitive effort were intrinsically rewarding, we would observe the same pattern of preferences when participants foraged for varying cost types in addition to rewards. Contrary to this prediction, in the within-participant experiment, an initially higher acceptance rate for cognitive effort trials disappeared over time amid an overall decline in acceptance rates as participants gained experience with all three conditions. Our results indicate that cognitive demands may reduce the discounting effect of delays, but not because decision makers assign intrinsic value to cognitive effort. Rather, the results suggest that a cognitive effort requirement might influence contextual factors such as subjective delay duration estimates, which can be recalibrated if multiple forms of demand are interleaved.
Staying informed without a cost: No effect of positive news media on stress reactivity, memory and affect in young adults
Authors: Longpré Charlotte , Sauvageau Claudia , Cernik Rebecca , Journault Audrey-Ann , Marin Marie-France , Lupien Sonia
Published: June 2021

We read, see and hear news from various media sources every day. A large majority of these news are negative. A previous study from our laboratory showed that reading negative news is associated with both increased stress reactivity (measured via the stress hormone cortisol) and recall of these negative news segments in women. The present study investigated the effects of positive news on cortisol stress reactivity, memory and affect employing a methodology highly similar to the one used previously by our team using negative news. Sixty-two healthy participants aged between 18 and 35 years (81% women) were randomly exposed to either positive or neutral news segments, followed by a laboratory stressor. We assessed participants’ affect three times during the procedure and measured cortisol in saliva eight times (at 10-minute intervals). Twenty-four hours later, participants were contacted by phone to assess their recall of the news segments. Results showed that exposure to positive news, relative to neutral news, did not modulate participants’ cortisol levels in response to the laboratory stressor. Positive news had no impact on memory recall of the news and did not change participants' positive or negative affect. Bayes factors suggested that these nonsignificant results are not attributable to low statistical power. Contrary to negative news, positive and neutral news do not modulate stress reactivity, memory and affect. These results suggest that people can stay informed without physiological and psychological costs when the news to which they are exposed adopt a positive or neutral approach.
Mental Health and Music Engagement: Review, Framework, and Guidelines for Future Studies
Authors: Gustavson Daniel E. , Coleman Peyton L. , Iversen John Rehner , Maes Hermine H M J L , Gordon Reyna L , Lense Miriam D
Published: June 2021

Is engaging with music good for your mental health? This question has long been the topic of empirical clinical and nonclinical investigations, with studies indicating positive associations between music engagement and quality of life, reduced depression or anxiety symptoms, and less frequent substance use. However, many earlier investigations were limited by small populations and methodological limitations, and it has also been suggested that aspects of music engagement may even be associated with worse mental health outcomes. The purpose of this scoping review is first to summarize the existing state of music engagement and mental health studies, identifying their strengths and weaknesses. We focus on broad domains of mental health diagnoses including internalizing psychopathology (e.g., depression and anxiety symptoms and diagnoses), externalizing psychopathology (e.g., substance use), and thought disorders (e.g., schizophrenia). Second, we propose a theoretical model to inform future work that describes the importance of simultaneously considering music-mental health associations at the levels of (1) correlated genetic and/or environmental influences versus (bi)directional associations, (2) interactions with genetic risk factors, (3) treatment efficacy, and (4) mediation through brain structure and function. Finally, we describe how recent advances in large-scale data collection, including genetic, neuroimaging, and electronic health record studies, allow for a more rigorous examination of these associations that can also elucidate their neurobiological substrates.
The role of clearinghouses in promoting transparent research: A methodological study of transparency practices for preventive interventions
Authors: Buckley Pamela Rose , Ebersole Charles R. , Steeger Christine , Michaelson Laura Elizabeth , Hill Karl G. , Gardner Frances
Published: June 2021

Objective. Transparency of research methods is vital to science, though incentives are variable, with only some journals and funders adopting transparency policies. Clearinghouses are also important stakeholders; however, to date none have implemented formal procedures that facilitate transparent research. Using data from the longest standing clearinghouse, we examine transparency practices for preventive interventions to explore the role of online clearinghouses in incentivizing researchers to make their research more transparent. Methods. We conducted a descriptive analysis of 88 evaluation reports reviewed in 2018-19 by Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development, when the clearinghouse began checking for trial registrations, and expanded on these efforts by applying broader transparency standards to interventions eligible for an endorsement on the Blueprints website during the study period. Reports were recent, with 84% published between 2010 and 2019. Results. We found few reports had data, code, or research materials that were publicly available. Meanwhile, 40% had protocols that were registered, but only 8% were registered prospectively, while one-quarter were registered before conducting analyses. About one-third included details in a registered protocol describing the treatment contrast and planned inclusions, and less than 5% had a registered statistical analysis plan (e.g., planned analytical methods, pre-specified covariates, etc.). Confirmatory research was distinguished from exploratory work in roughly 40% of reports. Reports published more recently (after 2015) had higher rates of transparency. Conclusions. Preventive intervention research needs to be more transparent. Since clearinghouses rely on robust findings to make well-informed decisions and researchers are incentivized to meet clearinghouse standards, clearinghouses should consider policies that encourage transparency to improve the credibility of evidence-based interventions.
The 2020 U.S. Census Differential Privacy Method Introduces Disproportionate Discrepancies for Rural and Non-White Populations
Authors: Mueller Tom , Santos-Lozada Alexis R
Published: June 2021

The recently finalized changes to the disclosure avoidance policies of the U.S. Census Bureau for the 2020 census, grounded in differential privacy, have faced increasing criticism from demographers and other social scientists. Scholars have found that estimates generated via Census-released test data are accurate for aggregate total population statistics of larger spatial units (e.g. counties), but introduce considerable discrepancies for estimates of subgroups. At present, the ramifications of this new approach remain unclear for rural populations. In this brief, we focus on rural populations and evaluate the ability of the finalized differential privacy algorithm to provide accurate population counts and growth rates from 2000 to 2010 across the rural-urban continuum for the total, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic or Latino/a, and non-Hispanic American Indian population. We find the method introduces significant discrepancies relative to the prior approach into counts and growth rate estimates at the county level for all groups except the total and non-Hispanic white population. Further, discrepancies increase dramatically as we move from urban to rural. Thus, the differential privacy method likely introduced significant discrepancies for rural and non-white populations into 2020 census tabulations.
PENERAPAN ASSOCIATION RULE DATA MINING UNTUK REKOMENDASI PRODUK KOSMETIK PADA PT. FABIANDO SEJAHTERA MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA APRIORI
Authors: Antho Febri , Renaldi Dram , - Edy , - Yakub
Published: June 2021

In some companies that have sales transaction data and this data will increase from day to day so that it will accumulate and become garbage if it is not managed and utilized properly. Sales transaction data is one thing that can be used to increase product sales. Not only to increase product sales but also to provide product recommendations for each sale. As in the product stock setting section, it can provide recommendations for the number of products so that problems such as over stock will not occur which will cause the amount in a product to expire. In this study, an association rule data mining will be implemented for cosmetic product recommendations using the Apriori algorithm. Testing the results of using data mining and the Apriori algorithm is carried out to find out that the results of the study can find association rules from existing datasets to recommend cosmetic products. The association rule method is used in the search for product attachment patterns for sales strategies in policy decision making. So that it can be seen that the cosmetics that are often purchased by consumers, based on the rules generated from the data contained in the database. Tests were carried out using the Rapidminer 9.5 application. The results obtained from this test are that there are 16 rules (rules) that will be used for decision making in cosmetic product recommendations.
Issues of Gay Community on the Novel of Simon VS the Homo Sapiens Agenda
Authors: Wijaya Dewi , Rahman Irpan Ali
Published: June 2021

The study aims to know how social community on gayâ€™s life through the novel of Simon vs the Homo sapiens agenda written by Becky Albertalli. The title of this research is â€œ The Analysis of Main Character on Confessions of A Shopaholic Novel through Freudian Theory written by Sophie Kinsellaâ€. Confessions of A Shopaholic novel is tells about a women named Rebecca Bloomwood who has bad behavior that are shopping addiction to fulfill her desire but she gets anxiety because of her debts and it disturbs her psychological. This research will focuses on Rebeccaâ€™s anxiety.The data are taken from the novel in the form of dialog and monolog. The writer using psychoanalysis theory from Sigmund Freud that related with anxiety theory. Sigmund Freud theory has 3 kinds of anxiety, there are realistic anxiety, neurotic anxiety and moral anxiety. This theory is used to analyze the cause and effect of Rebecca Bloomwoodâ€™s anxiety.Last, the writer found the proved from Rebecca experiences three kinds of anxiety. First is neurotic anxiety caused by her mom character and it might be related to Rebecca childhood, Rebecca canâ€™t to be honest to her mom about the cost of her skirt or clothes, she always tells if they are cheap because she knows her mom will shocked and angry if she now the truth, that can related if Rebecca canâ€™t fulfill her desire when she was child because of her mom character. Second is realistic anxiety caused by her bad habit in shopping, that makes Rebecca has a lot of debts and that makes she becomes panic everytime met her debt collector. And the last moral anxiety caused by she felt guilty of her shopping behavior. And she becomes a liar to defense herself
Produk Domestik Bruto dan Kurs Sebagai Determinan Impor Pupuk Indonesia
Authors: Mardiana Mardiana , Anisa Siti Nelva , Yuda Darma
Published: June 2021

Impor pupuk dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kebutuhan pupuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh PDB dan nilai tukar sebagai determinan impor pupuk di Indonesia. Lokasinya berada di Indonesia, dengan periode penelitian 2004 hingga 2018. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series yang terdiri dari data nilai tukar, PDB, dan impor pupuk. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah data yang dipublikasikan pada Statistik Ekonomi Keuangan Indonesia (SEKI). Laporan Statistik Kementerian Perdagangan dan laporan statistik perdagangan luar negeri untuk impor Indonesia dari publikasi Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ordinary least square (OLS) dengan analisis regresi linier berganda sebagai persamaannya. Kondisi impor pupuk di Indonesia cenderung menunjukkan fluktuatif. Namun, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir telah menunjukkan peningkatan. Secara bersamaan, PDB Indonesia dan nilai tukar mempengaruhi impor pupuk Indonesia. Namun secara parsial, impor pupuk Indonesia dipengaruhi secara positif dan signifikan oleh PDB. Sedangkan nilai tukar tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap impor pupuk Indonesia. Fertilizer imports are carried out to meet fertilizer needs. This study analyzes the effect of GDP and the exchange rate as determinants of fertilizer imports in Indonesia. The location is in Indonesia, with a research period from 2004 to 2018. The data used is time series data consisting of data on exchange rates, GDP, and fertilizer imports. The data source in this study is the data published in the Indonesian Financial Economic Statistics (SEKI). The Ministry of Trade's Statistical Report and foreign trade statistical reports for Indonesian imports from the publication of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). This study uses the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method with multiple linear regression analysis as the equation. Fertilizer import conditions in Indonesia tend to fluctuate. However, in recent years it has shown improvement. Simultaneously, Indonesia's GDP and the exchange rate affect Indonesia's fertilizer imports. However, partially, Indonesia's fertilizer imports are positively and significantly affected by GDP. Meanwhile, the exchange rate does not have a significant effect on Indonesia's fertilizer imports.
The Use of Ethnomedicinal Plants by the People of Bharat Pokhari, Kaski
Authors: Adhikari Suraj Raj , Pokhrel Kusum , Bastakoti Narayan Dutta , Kuwar Bimal
Published: June 2021

Ethnomedicine is the study of traditional uses of plant by people who live in rural areas. The present study is the documentation of traditional knowledge on plant utilization by local people in Bharat Pokhari, Kaski and was conducted during February-July 2020 by using the following methods. Data about medicinal uses of plants were collected using the questionnaire, personal interview and group discussion. Voucher specimens were collected from informants and identified with the help of available literature and taxonomic experts. The plant species were then categorized based on their medicinal uses. During the study, 56 medicinal plant species belonging to 36 families were documented. These plants have been used to treat various diseases. The highest number of species (20) being used for gastro-intestinal disorders, followed by bone and muscular ailments (13), cold and cough (11) and respiratory system ailments (10). In the study area, the popularly used medicinal plant species are Acacia pennata Willd, Acorus calamus L., Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Cassia fistula L., Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Ocimum sanctum L., Terminalia chebula Retz., and Viscum album L.
Using English as a Medium of Instruction: Challenges and Opportunities of Multilingual Classrooms in Nepal
Authors: Paudel Pitambar
Published: June 2021

English as a medium of instruction has great influence in school education in Nepal. It is taken as a pluralistic language which promotes harmony and tolerance, and increases career, opportunities, hope and progress. At the same time, there is a danger of survival for local languages due to the imperialistic role of English. In such a context, this paper has tried to explore the results created due to the extensive use of English as a medium of instruction. To address this objective, the study employs a phenomenological research design under the qualitative approach. The information was collected from eight teachers and eight parents of eight different community schools through interviews and purposively selected two focus group discussions. The collected information from both the tools and sources were coded, triangulated, analyzed, interpreted and presented into three different themes. The results show the use of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in school education as a debatable issue due to the fear of loss of local languages despite its advantages. This implies that the government should make an appropriate language policy and education system to maintain a harmonious and mutual relationship between English and other languages in school education so that children can get opportunities in English language, and become aware of their languages.
A simple approach for air-gap permeance calculations in double excitation synchronous motor modelling with reluctance network
Authors:   Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam, Hoang Trung-Kien , Vido L. ,   SATIE, Cergy - Pointoise University, France, Nguyen Dinh-Quang ,   Institute of Energy Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam
Published: June 2021

This article proposes an easy-to-use approximation for air-gap permeance calculations in a reluctance network. An extension of the overlap area between the stator and its corresponding rotor tooth to a position where the permeance becomes zero is also proposed. The advantage of this method is the simplification of conventional complex reluctance calculations while maintaining high accuracy. The proposed approach is applied to a double excitation synchronous motor, which usually requires a 3D simulation tool for the calculations. The validation of the accuracy of the proposed method on the flux linkage, back EMF, and electromagnetic torque are accomplished by comparison with those obtained from a conventional method and experimental data. The results of the comparison recommend the use of the proposed method for different electrical motor geometries.
Identificação e caracterização de dois isolados de cole latent virus que infectam brássicas
Authors:   , Oliveira Agatha Mota de
Published: June 2021

O cole latent virus (CoLV) infecta brássicas e tem sido identificado apenas no Brasil. O vírus possui partículas flexuosas alongadas com cerca de 650 nm de comprimento e genoma constituído por RNA de fita simples poliadenilado com cerca de 8 kb. Apesar do CoLV não ter seu genoma completamente sequenciado, Cole latent virus é aceita pelo International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) como espécie definitiva do gênero Carlavirus. Diante da escassez de informações da interação vírus-hospedeiros e da inexistência de sequências completas do genoma do CoLV, foram conduzidos testes biológicos e moleculares a partir de espécies e variedades comerciais de brássicas assintomáticas e sintomáticas coletadas nos Estados de Alagoas, Goiás, Paraná, São Paulo e Distrito Federal. Para a confirmação da presença do CoLV, as amostras foram inoculadas mecanicamente em diferentes espécies de plantas indicadoras e de brássicas comerciais e submetidas a RT-PCR utilizando primers específicos para a região 3’ do genoma do CoLV.
Steinernema rarum para o controle de Sphenophorus levis, Hyponeuma taltula e Leucothyreus sp. na cultura da cana-de-açucar e sua compatibilidade com vinhaça
Authors:   , Silva Mateus Salviano Oliveira
Published: June 2021

O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar. Dentre as pragas que atacam a cultura, o bicudo-da-cana, Sphenophorus levis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), tem ganhado destaque nos últimos anos devido à sua crescente disseminação e os grandes prejuízos causados ao setor sucroalcoleiro. Os métodos atuais recomendados para o controle desse inseto, tanto culturais, como baseados na aplicação de produtos químicos, não têm gerado resultados satisfatórios, principalmente em virtude do comportamento do inseto. Uma alternativa para o manejo populacional dessa praga é a utilização de agentes de controle biológico, como os nematoides entomopatogênicos (NEPs), porém até o momento não há disponível no mercado um produto comercial a base desses entomopatógenos. Com este estudo foi possível compreender os aspectos relacionados à formulação, aplicação e eficiência de um produto a base de NEPs, que seja eficiente para o controle de pragas de solo em cana-de-açúcar e em outras culturas/ambientes.
Peculiarities of relationships of characteristics of adaptation capabilities of the organism and indicators of motor activity of students
Authors: Serheta I. V. , Drezhenkova I. L. , Panchuk O. Yu. , Bandurka N. M. , Dmitriev M. O.
Published: June 2021

The health of student youth is largely determined by the level of functional capabilities of the organism, which depends on the level of motor activity, that is the total number of movements that a person performs in a given period of time. The purpose of the work is to establish the features of the relationship between the characteristics of adaptive capacity, functional status and level of development of psychophysiological functions and criteria for motor activity of students. The research was conducted on the basis of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, where 385 students (200 young girls and 185 young boys) were supervised, who, taking into account the peculiarities of the distribution of different levels of motor activity, were divided into 3 comparison groups – with potentially low, medium and potentially high levels of motor activity. The values of daily energy consumption, number of locomotions and duration of the dynamic component in the daily budget were used as the leading criteria of hygienic assessment of students’ motor activity. Functional features and adaptive capabilities of the organism were determined using conventional methods. The analysis of the obtained results involved the use of a standard application package of multidimensional statistical analysis “Statistica 6.1 for Windows”. The results of studies conducted on the basis of correlation analysis procedures indicate the fact that the largest number of correlations between the characteristics of psychophysiological functions and the leading characteristics of health and indicators of academic performance in professionally oriented disciplines studied are recorded in girls, and boys who belonged to the group with an average level of physical activity (daily energy expenditure of 9000-11000 kJ in young girls and 11000-13500 kJ in young boys). The use of cluster analysis procedures during the prognostic assessment of indicators of health and academic performance in professionally-oriented disciplines, made it possible to identify 3 clusters of the studied characteristics of the functional state of students, which have the most pronounced effect on their values: visual-motor speed cluster (indicators of the latent period of simple and differentiated visual-motor response), visual-sensory cluster (indicators of critical fusion of light flickers and efficiency of work performed) and integrative-coordination cluster (a number of indicators that reflect the properties of major nervous processes, characteristics coordination of movements, indicators of attention functions, etc.). Using factor analysis procedures, it determined that both young girls and young boys have the most positive impact on academic performance in vocational disciplines such factors as “functional state of the visual sensory system”, “functional state of coordination” and “functional state of higher nervous activity”.
The prospects of finding new treatments for acne
Authors: Kryzhanovska A. V. , Sidko I. Y. , Shkarupa V. M. , Dudar A. O. , Gorbatyuk S. M.
Published: June 2021

An important role in the development of acne is played by the activity of the skin microflora (namely the bacteria Propionibacterum acnes) and members of the genus Staphylococcus. In the schemes of complex treatment of patients with this disease, antibiotics from among macrolides or lincosamides are mainly used. It is of interest to study the current state of susceptibility of staphylococci and propionic bacteria to these drugs, as well as to other antimicrobial agents in order to determine the prospects for expanding the arsenal of methods for treating acne. The aim of the study was to study the susceptibility of microorganisms involved in the development of acne to antimicrobials and antagonistic effects of probiotic strains of lactobacilli. We conducted a bacteriological study of the content of rash elements in 60 patients with acne. The biological characteristics of 40 strains of Staphylococcus spp. and 15 strains of Propionibacterum acnes isolated and researched. The sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics and antiseptics was determined by the disco-diffusion method and the method of serial double dilutions of drugs in a liquid nutrient medium. Determination of the sensitivity of acne pathogens to the antagonistic effect of lactobacilli was performed by the method of two-layer agar by reducing the number of microorganisms. The results of the study made it possible to establish that the isolated strains of bacteria show a low level of sensitivity to antimicrobials, which in medical practice are most often used for topical therapy of acne. Only 17.5 % of isolated staphylococcal strains were sensitive to erythromycin, only 45.0 % of strains of this species were sensitive to clindamycin. Strains of Propionibacterum acnes showed a higher level of sensitivity to antibiotics than staphylococci. However, the established indicators do not allow to consider highly effective means for treatment of acne on their basis. At the same time, a high level of sensitivity of acne pathogens to antiseptic drugs decamethoxine and Aeroplysinin 1 and antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus was established. Thus, the strains of Propionibacterum acnes and Staphylococcus spp., involved in the development of acne, are characterized by high levels of resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, benzoyl peroxide, which are now the basis of the arsenal of topical therapy for patients with this disease. There is a need to find new effective drugs for the etiotropic therapy of acne.
Parálisis de Bell
Authors: Montoya Alan Priscilla , Morales Fallas Mariel , Murillo Alvarado Katherine
Published: June 2021

La parálisis de Bell es una afectación periférica del séptimo par craneal por una causa desconocida.

El cuadro se presenta de manera aguda y unilateral, donde se puede presentar dolor retro auricular de primera instancia y luego se presenta debilidad de los músculos faciales.

El diagnóstico es clínico, en casos especiales se utilizan estudios complementarios y posee varios diagnósticos diferenciales, entre los más importantes se encuentran el accidente cerebrovascular, neoplasia y síndrome de Ramsay Hunt.

El tratamiento se debe iniciar de forma aguda, siendo de elección los esteroides en las primeras 24 a 72 horas, asociado a terapia física. En más de un 90% de los casos con un buen pronóstico y sin secuelas a largo plazo.
A survey on the structure, organization, and functions of medical information departments in the pharmaceutical industry in Spain
Authors: Flores Ángela , Balmy Sylvaine , Guardiola Elena , Escudero Nuria , Hernández María-Ángeles , Molina Elena , Ortega Patricia , Rojo Mónica
Published: June 2021

The medical information (MI) function within the pharmaceutical industry plays a significant role in the provision of scientific answers for patients and healthcare professionals. The purpose of this study is to identify the current structure, organization, and functions of MI departments in Spain. Sixty local and international pharmaceutical companies based in Spain were invited to participate in this study between May and July 2019. An online 34–item questionnaire developed by the AMIFE MI Working Group was distributed to the companies. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using response frequencies. A total of 44 responses from 60 surveys (73%) were received. More than half of the respondents were employed in international companies based in Europe (57%, n = 25). Seventy-one percent (n = 31) of the companies had 100 to 1,000 employees in Spain. Most respondents declared that they had an MI department in their company (73%, n = 32), with most (53%) having two to five employees working on MI. Most MI (n = 50) specialists had a biomedical academic degree (predominantly pharmacy, biology, and medicine). MI departments were involved in many functions, the most common being answering enquiries (100%), handling drug information requests (97%), preparing written responses (94%), and literature services for external use (77%). The mean annual volume of MI enquiries was 2,301 (median 1,100). The results of this survey contribute to a better understanding of MI departments in Spanish pharmaceutical companies, as well as their functions and responsibilities, and could help identify opportunities and areas for improvement.
Pathological diagnosis of cirrhotic ascites in a Caucasian Dog
Authors: Eneojo Abalaka Samson , Sunday Obeta Sylvester , Stephen Asogwa Uchenna , Abdulazeez Sani Nuhu , Sunday Idoko Idoko , Augustine Ejeh Sunday , Saleh Ahmadu , Zainab Tenuche Oremeyi
Published: June 2021

Although ascites is widely reported in dogs, those of cirrhotic ascites are scanty, especially in Abuja, Nigeria, hence the need for this report on cirrhotic ascites in a 2-year-old Caucasian dog. The reported complaints of anorexia, weakness, and distended abdomen before the presentation for proper veterinary attention led to a tentative diagnosis of suspected liver-induced ascites. The dog later died while receiving treatment necessitating the performance of a post-mortem examination on the severely emaciated carcass, which had pale mucous membranes, distended abdomen, and slightly oedematous distal limbs. Grossly, the lungs had multiple areas of congestion with visible hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum while the liver was shrunken, firm, nodular, misshapen, and haemorrhagic. Pulmonary congestion and oedema characterized the lung microscopically. The liver showed hepatic haemorrhage, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and necrosis with mononuclear cellular infiltration, fibrous connective tissue proliferation, and nests of apparently normal hepatocytes. The positive alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin immunoreactivity confirmed the hepatic fibrosis. Microscopic renal lesions indicated nephropathy. Consequently, the definitive diagnosis became cirrhotic ascites. The observed liver pathology indicated end-stage liver damage responsible for the ascites and eventual death of the dog. Prompt diagnosis with appropriate treatment is very crucial in the prognosis of cirrhotic ascites in affected dogs.
THE ARITHMETIC PROPERTIES OF LATTICES OF
Authors: Maksakov S. , Sorokina M.
Published: June 2021

Only finite groups and classes of finite groups are considered. The lattice approach to the study of formations of groups was first applied by A.N. Skiba in 1986. L.A. Shemetkov and A.N. Skiba established main properties of the lattices of local formations and
METHOD OF TELEPORTATION BASED ON NATURE-LIKE USING OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS
Authors: Gavrilov V. , Antipova T. , Vlasov Y. , Ardatov S. , Ardatova A.
Published: June 2021

SEFER hA MINAGIM, p. 574 (photo 1), on behalf of an older book, writes that according to Jewish tradition, the navel does not close completely after childbirth, but remains partially open to extract various infections from the body. "From the "greenness" called "gable- zaht" (דזשאָנדַאַס איז קרענק די – disease jaundice), he will take a male pigeon for a man, and a dove for a woman; and put it on the navel, and the pigeon (dove), having drained all the infection from it (the patient), will die. Well-known veterinarian, Dr. Yekutiel Sharabi, owner of an elite veterinary clinic in Northern Tel Aviv, studied the causes of pigeon death after such a session. He found that immediately after treatment with pigeons, the patient's blood bilirubin level decreases by 25%, and recovery lasts an average of 3 days (as opposed to 28 days with conventional treatment). Autopsies of pigeons that died after the session showed liver enlargement and dysfunction. If the session was applied to a healthy person, not a single pigeon died. [1]

In this paper, we consider a heuristic method for using quantum teleportation protocols in convergent dualuse biotechnologies based on new physical principles of operation [1-80]. The features of these biotechnologies will be considered within the framework of the possibilities of convalescence of pathological conditions (for example, nosological form: liver damage (lat. jecur, jecor, hepar, etc. - Greek ἧπαρ) by the hepatitis "C" virus (non-A, non-B hepatitis, or NANBH, or HCV infection). A hypothetical convalescence technology can be implemented by preparing cascades of entangled states of biological objects. In fact, this paper implies a certain information exchange in the planet's biogeosphere, hypotheses, protocols, and schemes for implementing these mechanisms based on new physical principles of action (NFP) [1-80].
PRIORITIES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Bejsenov A. , Abzhalelova Sh.
Published: June 2021

The use of a systematic approach in the formation of innovation policy in the developed countries of the world has acquired paramount importance, especially against the background of such modern trends in the development of the world economy:- competition for high-quality human capital is becoming the most important characteristic of global innovative development, the growing mobility of highly qualified personnel also ensures processesdissemination of knowledge;- the role of information technologies in the process of spreading knowledge is becoming more and more relevant for the further growth of innovative activity, the processes of spreading knowledge have gone beyond the limits of individual economies;- globalization forces companies to compete at ever higher levels of technology and at the same time stimulates the processes of specialization and localization of innovations.
APPLICATION OF LEARNING FEED-FORWARD CONTROLLER BASED ON MODEL REFERENCE ADAPTIVE SYSTEM FOR MISSILE STABILIZATION
Authors: Nguyen V. , Dang C. , Luong V.
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of research, analysis and how to build learning feed-forward controller based on model reference adaptive system in the remote control loop for missile stabilization. The controller structure is simple, adaptive control law applying Lyapunov stability theory fast convergence and sustainable. The simulation results have shown the advantages of using algorithm, the missile is always stable when there is a parameter change due to the effects of flight conditions.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF DUST POLLUTION OF WORKING PLACE NEAR COAL DUMP
Authors: Biliaiev M. , Biliaieva V. , Berlov O. , Kozachyna V.
Published: June 2021

The problem of estimating the level of air pollution in the working areas near the coal pile is considered. The task is to develop a CFD model that allows to predict the level of air dust pollution, taking into account the process of wetting the surface of the coal pile. To model the process of coal dust transfer in the air, a twodimensional mass transfer equation is used, which takes into account coal dust transfer due to convection and diffusion. The Navier-Stokes equations are used to calculate the air flow field near the coal pile. Finite-difference schemes of splitting are used for numerical integration of modeling equations.

Computer code is developed on the basis of created CFD model. The developed code can be used to analyze the effectiveness of the coal surface wetting to reduce dust pollution of work areas near coal piles. The results of a computational experiment are presented.
ILIZAROV – FOUNDER OF DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS
Authors: Abdulkhabirov M.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the unique personality of the XX century, the outstanding Soviet orthopedic surgeon-Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov. The evolutionary process of the formation and development of the Ilizarov method in traumatology and orthopedics at the domestic and world level is shown. The undeniable advantages of the external fixation system developed by Ilizarov are revealed. The design of the Ilizarov compression-distraction apparatus is considered. Being familiar with G.A. Ilizarov, the author shares his memories about him, describes the biological and mechanical features of the influence on the bone and other tissues of the Ilizarov system, which has become a classic and internationally recognized in the treatment of patients with fractures, pathological conditions of the musculoskeletal system, congenital and post-traumatic orthopedic deformities of the limbs.
PIROGOV N.I. SAVED MENDELEEV D.I. AND HELPED MECHNIKOV I.I.
Authors: Abdulhabirov M.
Published: June 2021

It is not known about Dmitry Mendeleev's acquaintance with Ilya Mechnikov, but fate wanted to save Dmitry Ivanovich from a serious illness and help Ilya Ilyich continue his studies in Europe. This third genius was the great anatomist, surgeon and teacher Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov. Briefly about the brief meetings of the two geniuses with Nikolai Pirogov, this article.
MUSIC AND SONGS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Babaievska L.
Published: June 2021

Under consideration are main methods and approaches to teaching foreign languages, the main element of which is music and songs. The latest research and scientific publications on the use of musical material in teaching various aspects of foreign languages – grammar, vocabulary, speaking, listening, writing – have been analyzed. The main ideas and stages of introducing musical methods in the educational process have been described. The role of musical material in teaching foreign languages has been determined. The paper highlights basic skills of foreign language proficiency which can be improved by means of music methods and approaches. There have been indicated advantages of each of the presented methods. The effectiveness of the use of music and songs in teaching foreign languages has been proved.
HISTORICAL CHANGES OF PREFIXES IN ENGLISH WORD FORMATION
Authors: Ibrahimova A.
Published: June 2021

The vocabulary of literary language of modern English that becomes rich these days we can see from the development process of its word formation. The role of history of prefixes in forming of new words in the word building is extensive. The article was explored the charachteristics of the history of the English language prefixes. During the Ancient and Middle Ages, prefixes were commonly used less in word formation than before. The decrease in prefixes, of course, is due to certain reasons. Some English prefixes, on the other hand, are derived from OE adverbs and prepositions, and ME and NE are more advanced in number in the creation of new words.
"THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF STRENGTH AND THERMAL CONTROL OF HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFT"
Authors: Koptev A.
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes the theoretical aspects of controlling the strength and thermal modes of hypersonic aircraft. The conditions for the functioning of hypersonic aircraft were also investigated, and problematic situations for their design were identified. 

The parameters of aerodynamic heating of surfaces and heating of thermal protection of hypersonic aircraft were estimated with an assessment of the parameters of thermal protection of hypersonic aircraft and the magnitude of the heat flux supplied to the surface, with the determination of the parameters of their thermal protection, taking into account the thermophysical characteristics of materials from thermal parameters.
THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY IN TEACHING A TECHNOLOGICAL SUBJECT
Authors: Shermamutov A.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of creativity in teaching technology subjects. The author pays special attention to the issue of preparing students in the modern educational system for social and social life through technological subjects. Considered the main features of creativity, the value of using creativity in teaching, pedagogical and psychological characteristics of creativity. The peculiar features of the psychological development of students with creative thinking.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CREDIT BUREAUS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Shulgina A. , Cherkasskikh P.
Published: June 2021

In recent years, along with an increase in the number of loans issued, there has been an increase in overdue and bad debts to credit institutions. In this regard, the study of the development of credit history bureaus, as the most important tool for reducing credit risk, is relevant. The paper studies the process of formation of BKI in Russia, analyzes their activities, identifies the main problems, such as duplication of information in credit histories, the presence of erroneous information in them, and others. The prospects for further development are identified, in particular, the creation of qualified credit history bureaus, the use of more information sources in the formation of credit histories.
Online Oriented Classes: Merits and Demerits of the Point of View of Ghazians at Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan
Authors: Ullah Hafeez , Muhammad  , Bakhsh Hashim Pear
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to point out the Merits and Demerits of Ghazians at Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan. Over the past two years, online oriented classes have become an inseparable part of educations. Providing online learning opportunities at the university level is the compulsion of the day. The quality education of online-oriented classes at the University Level is one of the inordinate challenges faced by the students of Ghazi University. Online oriented classes change all mechanisms of teaching and learning at a Higher Level in the educational system. Regular assessing of the online programs is important to enhance the quality of education at University Level. The simple random sampling technique was used to collect data. A total of 362 students from different departments of Ghazi University were involved. As a research device for data collection, the five-point rating scale sample was used. The collected data was analyzed by means of the SPSS.
Barriers of Effective Knowledge Transfer: A Case of Quetta District
Authors: Anjum Reham , Ramzan Saubia , Gul Nagina
Published: June 2021

In all probability, the paramount importance of knowledge transfer for higher learning institutions (HLIs) is incontestable. That said, the workforce serving these institutions draws one's attention to a range of glitches vis-a-vis knowledge transfer activities. This study looks upon social interactions, training and ICT as the possible barriers responsible for impeding the KT activities. The study is based on the premise that poor management of the barriers underscored above would lay an adverse impact on EKT. The drawn sample size from the given population is 315 subjects. The employed research technique is cross-sectional research, and, in this setting, the cross-sectional explanatory sequential design was considered relevant. The data analysis was carried out using Correlation and multiple linear regression techniques. The findings of quantitative and qualitative result manifest that the selected variables do not stymie the knowledge transfer practices, which is in conflict with the speculation of the study in question.
Reasons for being Out of School: Implications for Education Policy
Authors: Yousaf Farzana , Shehzadi Kiran , Parveen Zahida
Published: June 2021

Out of school children (output) spring from the experiences, beliefs, interests, and attitudes towards events and processes leading to out of school (process) that develop from different reasons (Input). Focus group discussions were conducted with eight children and their seven parents. Secondly, views from social media (Face book) were collected to strengthen their voices. The thematic analysis of the data highlighted many reasons for being out of school using codes, themes and subthemes. Diagramatic view of results was drawn with the help of NVivo 11 plus. Some of the reasons such as poverty, school environment, house chores, parents' behavior, teachers' teaching styles, curriculum, language barriers, the literacy rate in that area, and gender issues have direct implications for education policy. Efforts, therefore, were made to identify the required changes in the education policy. A strategic plan to overcome these barriers was defined at the end for the reduction of the number of school children.
E-Learning Resources for Effective Teaching Learning Practices at University Level during COVID-19
Authors: Wattoo Rashid Minas , Malik Navid Jamil , Shahzad Muhammad Asif
Published: June 2021

The frequent use of E-learning resources in academia has dramatically altered the role of pedagogical practices and their effectiveness. The below are the aims: 1) to find out E-learning resources at the university level 2) To explore teachers' perceptions about E-learning resources for effective teaching-learning practices. The study population consisted of teachers from universities in the districts of Okara, Sahiwal and Vehari. The researchers also selected 200 university teachers using simple random sampling methods. In order to collect information, a questionnaire was used. The study's results are taken into consideration, and it is clear that ICT services play a part in successful university education. The department offers educational support through the internet. According to the results, the teaching productivity of university professors using ICT technology such as digital, YouTube and social media during lectures is increasing. ICT facilitates the gathering and sharing of ideas by transforming teachers into effective communicators.
RESEARCH OF BERTHS UTILIZATION AT SEA PASSENGER PORT ON THE BASIS OF MODELING
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Yazvenko M. R.
Published: June 2021

This article presents an analysis of the berths utilization at the sea passenger port of St. Petersburg. Based on the data from the schedule, an analysis was carried out of the vessels that entered the port in 2019, as well as the load of individual berths. Based on 2019 data, the passenger port was analyzed as a queuing system using Erlang's law. Key words: sea passenger terminal, ferry transportation, berths load, modeling, queuing system, Erlang’s law.