bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrate and boost: bioscaffolds nurture the cardiac regenerative paradigm
Authors: Bartunek Jozef , Vanderheyden Marc , Behfar Atta
Published: September 2015

The traditional cardiac regenerative paradigm using non-modified adult stem cells with various routes of delivery into the myocardial target has thus far yielded unconvincing clinical outcomes. Besides factors related to heterogeneity in trial methodology, inter-patient variability and the rare incidence of adult stem cells with intrinsic repair potency underscore the importance of further optimization and standardization of regenerative platforms. Cardiac tissue engineering seizing upon the advances of cellular, molecular, and biomaterial development is shaping the next generation of the regenerative paradigm and thereby fostering disruptive curative treatments in heart failure.
Optimized 3D synthetic aperture for controlled-source electromagnetics
Authors: Knaak Allison , Snieder Roel , Súilleabháin Liam Ó. , Fan Yuanzhong , Ramirez-Mejia David
Published: September 2015

Locating offshore hydrocarbon reservoirs has become more challenging with smaller, deeper, or shallow-water targets in complicated environments. Controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM) is a geophysical method used to find reservoirs in marine settings. The diffusive nature of CSEM fields means that the signal from the target is only a small part of the total field. To reduce the impact of the complicated settings and to improve the detecting capabilities of CSEM, we have applied a synthetic aperture to CSEM data. The synthetic aperture virtually increased the length and width of the CSEM source by combining the responses from multiple individual sources. Applying a weight to each source steered or focused the synthetic aperture source array in the inline and crossline directions. We have developed an optimization method to find the optimal weights for synthetic aperture arrays that adapted to the information about the reservoirs in the CSEM data. To demonstrate the benefits of a weighted synthetic aperture, we have applied a 2D synthetic aperture array and a crossline-only synthetic aperture array to noisy, simulated electromagnetic fields. Both synthetic aperture arrays reduced the noise and increased the detectability of the modeled reservoirs when compared with the original CSEM response. The crossline-only synthetic aperture array also preserved the structural information within the measurements.
Large-scale live imaging of adult neural stem cells in their endogenous niche
Authors: Dray Nicolas , Bedu Sébastien , Vuillemin Nelly , Alunni Alessandro , Coolen Marion , Krecsmarik Monika , Supatto Willy , Beaurepaire Emmanuel , Bally-Cuif Laure
Published: September 2015

Live imaging of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) in vivo is a technical challenge in the vertebrate brain. Here, we achieve long-term imaging of the adult zebrafish telencephalic neurogenic niche and track a population of more than 1,000 aNSCs over weeks, by taking advantage of fish transparency at near-infrared wavelengths and of intrinsic multiphoton landmarks. This methodology enables us to describe the frequency, distribution and modes of aNSCs divisions across the entire germinal zone of the adult pallium, and to highlight regional differences in these parameters.
Allorecognition, via TgrB1 and TgrC1, mediates the transition from unicellularity to multicellularity in the social amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Hirose Shigenori , Santhanam Balaji , Katoh-Kurosawa Mariko , Shaulsky Gad , Kuspa Adam
Published: September 2015

The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum integrates into a multicellular organism when individual starving cells aggregate and form a mound. The cells then integrate into defined tissues and develop into a fruiting body that consists of a stalk and spores. Aggregation is initially orchestrated by waves of extracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and previous theory suggested that cAMP and other field-wide diffusible signals mediate tissue integration and terminal differentiation as well. Cooperation between cells depends on an allorecognition system comprised of the polymorphic adhesion proteins TgrB1 and TgrC1. Binding between compatible TgrB1 and TgrC1 variants ensures that non-matching cells segregate into distinct aggregates prior to terminal development. Here, we have embedded a small number of cells with incompatible allotypes within fields of developing cells with compatible allotypes. We found that compatibility of the allotype encoded by the tgrB1 and tgrC1 genes is required for tissue integration, as manifested in cell polarization, coordinated movement, and differentiation into prestalk and prespore cells. Our results show that the molecules that mediate allorecognition in D. discoideum also control the integration of individual cells into a unified developing organism and this acts as a gating step for multicellularity.
Modulation of temporal dynamics of gene transcription by activator potency in theDrosophilaembryo
Authors: Liu Junbo , Ma Jun
Published: September 2015

The Drosophila embryo at the mid-blastula transition (MBT) experiences a concurrent receding of a first wave of zygotic transcription and surge of a massive second wave. It is not well understood how genes in the first wave become turned off transcriptionally and how their precise timing may impact embryonic development. Here we perturb the timing of the shutdown of Bicoid (Bcd)-dependent hunchback (hb) transcription in the embryo through the use of a Bcd mutant that has a heightened activating potency. A delayed shutdown increases specifically Bcd-activated hb levels that alter spatial characteristics of the patterning outcome and cause developmental defects. Our study thus documents a specific participation of the maternal activator input strength in timing molecular events in precise accordance with the MBT morphological progression.
ChtVis-Tomato, a genetic reporter for in vivo visualization of chitin deposition in Drosophila
Authors: Sobala Lukasz F. , Wang Ying , Adler Paul N.
Published: September 2015

Chitin is a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine that is abundant and widely found in the biological world. It is an important constituent of the cuticular exoskeleton that plays such key role in the insect life style. A limitation in the study of chitin deposition during cuticle formation has been the lack of a way to detect it in living organisms. To get around this we developed ChtVis-Tomato, an in vivo reporter for chitin in Drosophila. ChtVis-Tomato encodes a fusion protein that contains an apical secretion signal, a chitin binding domain, a fluorescent protein and a cleavage site to release it from the plasma membrane. The chitin reporter allowed us to study chitin deposition in time lapse experiments and using it we identified unexpected deposits of chitin fibers in Drosophila pupae. Cht-Vis-Tomato should facilitate future studies on chitin in Drosophila and other insects
Seipin knockout impairs proliferation and differentiation of adult stem/progenitor cells in hippocampal dentate gyrus via reduction of PPARγ
Authors: Li Guoxi , Zhou Libin , Zhu Ying , Wang Conghui , Sha Sha , Xian Xunde , Ji Yong , Liu George , Chen Ling
Published: September 2015

Seipin gene is originally identified as a loss-of-function gene for congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2 (CGL2). Neuronal seipin knockout (seipin-nKO) mice display depression-like phenotype with reduction of hippocampal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) level. The present study investigated the influence of seipin deficiency on adult neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that the proliferative capability of stem cells in seipin-nKO mice was significantly reduced compared to WT mice, which could be rescued by the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (rosi). In seipin-nKO mice, the neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells was inhibited with the enhancement of astrogliogenesis, which were recovered by the rosi-treatment during early stages of progenitor cells differentiation. In addition, the rosi-treatment could correct the decline in hippocampal ERK2 phosphorylation and cyclin A mRNA level in seipin-nKO mice. The MEK inhibitor U0126 abolished the rosi-rescued cell proliferation and cyclin A expression in seipin-nKO mice. In seipin-nKO mice, the hippocampal Wnt3 protein level was less than that in WT mice with the reduction of Neurog1 and NeuroD1 mRNA, which were corrected by the rosi-treatment. The STAT3 phosphorylation (Tyr-705) was enhanced in seipin-nKO mice, which was further elevated by the rosi-treatment. Finally, the rosi-treatment for 10 days could alleviate depression-like phenotype in seipin-nKO mice, which was blocked by the MEK inhibitor U0126. The results indicate that the seipin deficiency by reducing PPARγ impairs proliferation and differentiation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells in DG, which may be responsible for the production of depression-like phenotype in seipin-nKO mice.
Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 modulates myofibroblast differentiation at transforming growth factor-β1 transcription level via H2A.Z occupancy and Sp1 recruitment
Authors: Yang Si-si , Tan Jiang-lin , Liu Dai-song , Loreni Fabrizio , Peng Xu , Yang Qing-qing , He Wei-feng , Yao Zhi-hui , Zhang Xiao-rong , Dal Prà Ilaria , Luo Gao-xing , Wu Jun
Published: September 2015

Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) is a pivotal regulator of ribosomal function, participating in translational control. Previously our data suggested that eIF6 acts as a key binding protein of P311 (a hypertrophic scar-related protein; also known as NREP). However, a comprehensive investigation of its functional role and the underlying mechanisms in modulation of myofibroblast (a key effector of hypertrophic scar formation) differentiation remains unclear. Here, we identified that eIF6 is a novel regulator of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression at transcription level, which plays a key role in myofibroblast differentiation. Mechanistically, this effect is associated with eIF6 altering the occupancy of the TGF-β1 promoter by H2A.Z (Swiss-Prot P0C0S6) and Sp1. Accordingly, modulation of eIF6 expression in myofibroblasts signiﬁcantly affects their differentiation via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, which was verified in vivo by the observation that heterozygote eIF6+/− mice exhibited enhanced TGF-β1 production coupled with increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)+ myofibroblasts after skin injury. Overall, our data reveal a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism of eIF6 that acts on facilitating Sp1 recruitment to TGF-β1 promoter via H2A.Z depletion and thus results in increased TGF-β1 transcription, which contributes to myofibroblast differentiation.
Theoretical aspects of institutional risk
Authors: Цветкова Галина , Tsvetkova Galina , Грозова Ольга , Grozova Olga
Published: September 2015

The article develops the theoretical and methodological base of research of institutional risks of economic agents and on this basis processes technologies of management of institutional risks of innovative activity. The authors prove the theoretical and methodological approach to research the institutional risks based on interdisciplinary and institutional approaches; offer theoretical and methodical approach to decrease the institutional risks of subjects of innovative activity and also consider the directions and technologies of decrease the institutional risks of subjects of innovative activity. It is offered to consider the general theory of risk and the statements of the institutional economic theory as a theoretical and methodological basis of the concept of institutional risk development. A generalized algorithm of institutional risks management at the level of the economic agent is presented. The following groups of methods of institutional risks decrease are considered: avoidance, insurance, compensation, localization, and distribution (dissipation) of risk. A three-level theoretical model of management of institutional risks of innovative activity is offered. Directions of institutional risks decrease of innovative activity are offered.
Dionysos in Sparta
Authors: Stüdemann Natalia
Published: September 2015

Dieser Band erzählt von einer Physiognomie der Moderne, wie sie die amerikanische Tänzerin Isadora Duncan in ihren Tänzen entworfen hat und wie sie von russischen Schriftstellern und Philosophen an der vorletzten Jahrhundertwende aufgegriffen und später von führenden Militärs und Politikern in den Kontext der frühen Sowjetunion übersetzt wurde. Auf den Spuren einer der berühmtesten modernen Tänzerinnen nähert sich die Studie einem lange vernachlässigten Thema der Tanzgeschichte und der frühen sowjetischen Kulturgeschichte: den Ursprüngen des totalitären Projekts zur Formung des menschlichen Körpers.
Morphology of the immigrant associative movement no communitary: an empiric study of the Valencian community case
Authors: Cloquell Lozano Alexis
Published: September 2015

This article analyzes the morphology of the tendencies of association of the non-European immigrant population in the Valencian Community. With this objective and from a quantitative methodological perspective, we present a synthetisis of the joint results of two research projects carried out in the Valencian context. Given the heterogeneity, dynamism and complexity presented by the associative phenomenon, this analysis considers and investigates the current structural, organizational and functional elements that accompany and define it. This has enabled us not only to gain knowledge of the logic and factors operating in it, but also to establish a typology of migrant organizations taking into account those variables that are most significant from a statistical point of view.
A Statistical Approach To Prediction Of The CMM Drift Behaviour Using A Calibrated Mechanical Artefact
Authors: Cuesta Eduardo , Alvarez Braulio , Sanchez-Lasheras Fernando , Gonzalez-Madruga Daniel
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a multivariate regression predictive model of drift on the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) behaviour. Evaluation tests on a CMM with a multi-step gauge were carried out following an extended version of an ISO evaluation procedure with a periodicity of at least once a week and during more than five months. This test procedure consists in measuring the gauge for several range volumes, spatial locations, distances and repetitions. The procedure, environment conditions and even the gauge have been kept invariables, so a massive measurement dataset was collected over time under high repeatability conditions. A multivariate regression analysis has revealed the main parameters that could affect the CMM behaviour, and then detected a trend on the CMM performance drift. A performance model that considers both the size of the measured dimension and the elapsed time since the last CMM calibration has been developed. This model can predict the CMM performance and measurement reliability over time and also can estimate an optimized period between calibrations for a specific measurement length or accuracy level.
Possessives and relative clauses in Spanish
Authors: Eguren Luis
Published: September 2015

In this paper, the properties of Spanish DPs including a possessive pronoun and a relative clause are thoroughly described and analyzed. Adopting a raising analysis for both prenominal possessives and restrictive relatives, it is claimed that the incompatibility of a determiner possessive and a restrictive relative in current standard Spanish is due to the violation of an interpretive constraint sanctioning subextraction from [Spec, CP]. It is further proposed that, in constructions in which a possessive pronoun does combine with a relative clause, the possessive is not subextracted from [Spec, CP]. It is finally shown that this proposal accounts for different well-formed dialectal and Old Spanish patterns with a prenominal possessive and a restrictive relative and also applies to data from other Romance languages.
Amygdala Signaling during Foraging in a Hazardous Environment
Authors: Amir Alon , Lee Seung-Chan , Headley Drew B. , Herzallah Mohammad M. , Pare Denis
Published: September 2015

We recorded basolateral amygdala (BL) neurons in a seminaturalistic foraging task. Rats had to leave their nest to retrieve food in an elongated arena inhabited by a mechanical predator. There were marked trial-to-trial variations in behavior. After poking their head into the foraging arena and waiting there for a while, rats either retreated to their nest or initiated foraging. Before initiating foraging, rats waited longer on trials that followed failed than successful trials indicating that prior experience influenced behavior. Upon foraging initiation, most principal cells (Type-1) reduced their firing rate, while in a minority (Type-2) it increased. When rats aborted foraging, Type-1 cells increased their firing rates, whereas in Type-2 cells it did not change. Surprisingly, the opposite activity profiles of Type-1 and Type-2 units were also seen in control tasks devoid of explicit threats or rewards. The common correlate of BL activity across these tasks was movement velocity, although an influence of position was also observed. Thus depending on whether rats initiated movement or not, the activity of BL neurons decreased or increased, regardless of whether threat or rewards were present. Therefore, BL activity not only encodes threats or rewards, but is closely related to behavioral output. We propose that higher order cortical areas determine task-related changes in BL activity as a function of reward/threat expectations and internal states. Because Type-1 and Type-2 cells likely form differential connections with the central amygdala (controlling freezing), this process would determine whether movement aimed at attaining food or exploration is suppressed or facilitated.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFor decades, amygdala research has been dominated by pavlovian and operant conditioning paradigms. This work has led to the view that amygdala neurons signal threats or rewards, in turn causing defensive or approach behaviors. However, the artificial circumstances of conditioning studies bear little resemblance to normal life. In natural conditions, subjects are simultaneously presented with potential threats and rewards, forcing them to engage in a form of risk assessment. We examined this process using a seminaturalistic foraging task. In constant conditions of threats and rewards, amygdala activity could be high or low, depending on the rats' decisions on a given trial. Therefore, amygdala activity does not only encode threats or rewards but is also closely related to behavioral output.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition via RGFP966 Releases the Brakes on Sensory Cortical Plasticity and the Specificity of Memory Formation
Authors: Bieszczad Kasia M. , Bechay Kiro , Rusche James R. , Jacques Vincent , Kudugunti Shashi , Miao Wenyan , Weinberger Norman M. , McGaugh James L. , Wood Marcelo A.
Published: September 2015

Research over the past decade indicates a novel role for epigenetic mechanisms in memory formation. Of particular interest is chromatin modification by histone deacetylases (HDACs), which, in general, negatively regulate transcription. HDAC deletion or inhibition facilitates transcription during memory consolidation and enhances long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory. A key open question remains: How does blocking HDAC activity lead to memory enhancements? To address this question, we tested whether a normal function of HDACs is to gate information processing during memory formation. We used a class I HDAC inhibitor, RGFP966 (C21H19FN4O), to test the role of HDAC inhibition for information processing in an auditory memory model of learning-induced cortical plasticity. HDAC inhibition may act beyond memory enhancement per se to instead regulate information in ways that lead to encoding more vivid sensory details into memory. Indeed, we found that RGFP966 controls memory induction for acoustic details of sound-to-reward learning. Rats treated with RGFP966 while learning to associate sound with reward had stronger memory and additional information encoded into memory for highly specific features of sounds associated with reward. Moreover, behavioral effects occurred with unusually specific plasticity in primary auditory cortex (A1). Class I HDAC inhibition appears to engage A1 plasticity that enables additional acoustic features to become encoded in memory. Thus, epigenetic mechanisms act to regulate sensory cortical plasticity, which offers an information processing mechanism for gating what and how much is encoded to produce exceptionally persistent and vivid memories.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere we provide evidence of an epigenetic mechanism for information processing. The study reveals that a class I HDAC inhibitor (Malvaez et al., 2013; Rumbaugh et al., 2015; RGFP966, chemical formula C21H19FN4O) alters the formation of auditory memory by enabling more acoustic information to become encoded into memory. Moreover, RGFP966 appears to affect cortical plasticity: the primary auditory cortex reorganized in a manner that was unusually “tuned-in” to the specific sound cues and acoustic features that were related to reward and subsequently remembered. We propose that HDACs control “informational capture” at a systems level for what and how much information is encoded by gating sensory cortical plasticity that underlies the sensory richness of newly formed memories.
Enhanced Neural Responses to Imagined Primary Rewards Predict Reduced Monetary Temporal Discounting
Authors: Hakimi Shabnam , Hare Todd A.
Published: September 2015

The pervasive tendency to discount the value of future rewards varies considerably across individuals and has important implications for health and well-being. Here, we used fMRI with human participants to examine whether an individual's neural representation of an imagined primary reward predicts the degree to which the value of delayed monetary payments is discounted. Because future rewards can never be experienced at the time of choice, imagining or simulating the benefits of a future reward may play a critical role in decisions between alternatives with either immediate or delayed benefits. We found that enhanced ventromedial prefrontal cortex response during imagined primary reward receipt was correlated with reduced discounting in a separate monetary intertemporal choice task. Furthermore, activity in enhanced ventromedial prefrontal cortex during reward imagination predicted temporal discounting behavior both between- and within-individual decision makers with 62% and 73% mean balanced accuracy, respectively. These results suggest that the quality of reward imagination may impact the degree to which future outcomes are discounted.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe report a novel test of the hypothesis that an important factor influencing the discount rate for future rewards is the quality with which they are imagined or estimated in the present. Previous work has shown that temporal discounting is linked to individual characteristics ranging from general intelligence to the propensity for addiction. We demonstrate that individual differences in a neurobiological measure of primary reward imagination are significantly correlated with discounting rates for future monetary payments. Moreover, our neurobiological measure of imagination can be used to accurately predict choice behavior both between and within individuals. These results suggest that improving reward imagination may be a useful therapeutic target for individuals whose high discount rates promote detrimental behaviors.
Estrogen Receptor β Activation Rapidly Modulates Male Sexual Motivation through the Transactivation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1a
Authors: Seredynski Aurore L. , Balthazart Jacques , Ball Gregory F. , Cornil Charlotte A.
Published: September 2015

In addition to the transcriptional activity of their liganded nuclear receptors, estrogens, such as estradiol (E2), modulate cell functions, and consequently physiology and behavior, within minutes through membrane-initiated events. The membrane-associated receptors (mERs) underlying the acute effects of estrogens on behavior have mostly been documented in females where active estrogens are thought to be of ovarian origin. We determined here, by acute intracerebroventricular injections of specific agonists and antagonists, the type(s) of mERs that modulate rapid effects of brain-derived estrogens on sexual motivation in male Japanese quail. Brain aromatase blockade acutely inhibited sexual motivation. Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), an estrogen receptor β (ERβ)-specific agonist, and to a lesser extent 17α-estradiol, possibly acting through ER-X, prevented this effect. In contrast, drugs targeting ERα (PPT and MPP), GPR30 (G1 and G15), and the Gq-mER (STX) did not affect sexual motivation. The mGluR1a antagonist LY367385 significantly inhibited sexual motivation but mGluR2/3 and mGluR5 antagonists were ineffective. LY367385 also blocked the behavioral restoration induced by E2or DPN, providing functional evidence that ERβ interacts with metabotropic glutamate receptor 1a (mGluR1a) signaling to acutely regulate male sexual motivation. Together these results show that ERβ plays a key role in sexual behavior regulation and the recently uncovered cooperation between mERs and mGluRs is functional in males where it mediates the acute effects of estrogens produced centrally in response to social stimuli. The presence of an ER–mGluR interaction in birds suggests that this mechanism emerged relatively early in vertebrate history and is well conserved.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe membrane-associated receptors underlying the acute effects of estrogens on behavior have mostly been documented in females, where active estrogens are thought to be of ovarian origin. Using acute intracerebroventricular injections of specific agonists and antagonists following blockade of brain aromatase, we show here that brain-derived estrogens acutely facilitate male sexual motivation through the activation of estrogen receptor β interacting with the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1a. This behavioral effect occurring within minutes provides a mechanistic explanation of how an estrogen receptor not intrinsically coupled to intracellular effectors can signal from the membrane to govern behavior in a very rapid fashion. It suggests that different subtypes of estrogen receptors could regulate the motivation versus performance aspects of behavior.
Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Higher Control of the Oculomotor System in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Antoniades Chrystalina A. , Rebelo Pedro , Kennard Christopher , Aziz Tipu Z. , Green Alexander L. , FitzGerald James J.
Published: September 2015

The frontal cortex and basal ganglia form a set of parallel but mostly segregated circuits called cortico-basal ganglia loops. The oculomotor loop controls eye movements and can direct relatively simple movements, such as reflexive prosaccades, without external help but needs input from “higher” loops for more complex behaviors. The antisaccade task requires the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is part of the prefrontal loop. Information flows from prefrontal to oculomotor circuits in the striatum, and directional errors in this task can be considered a measure of failure of prefrontal control over the oculomotor loop. The antisaccadic error rate (AER) is increased in Parkinson's disease (PD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has no effect on the AER, but a previous case suggested that DBS of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) might. Our aim was to compare the effects of STN DBS and GPi DBS on the AER. We tested eye movements in 14 human DBS patients and 10 controls. GPi DBS substantially reduced the AER, restoring lost higher control over oculomotor function. Interloop information flow involves striatal neurons that receive cortical input and project to pallidum. They are normally silent when quiescent, but in PD they fire randomly, creating noise that may account for the degradation in interloop control. The reduced AER with GPi DBS could be explained by retrograde stimulation of striatopallidal axons with consequent activation of inhibitory collaterals and reduction in background striatal firing rates. This study may help explain aspects of PD pathophysiology and the mechanism of action of GPi DBS.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTParkinson's disease causes symptoms including stiffness, slowness of movement, and tremor. Electrical stimulation of specific areas deep in the brain can effectively treat these symptoms, but exactly how is not fully understood. Part of the cause of such symptoms may be impairments in the way information flows from one circuit within the brain to another, as a result of overactivity of certain nerve cells. By demonstrating that stimulation of an area called the globus pallidus interna partially reverses deficits in voluntary control of eye movements, this study shows that stimulation can improve information flow between circuits, probably by calming down the overactive cells.
Postsynaptic Depolarization Enhances GABA Drive to Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Neurons through Somatodendritic Cholecystokinin Release
Authors: Crosby Karen M. , Baimoukhametova Dinara V. , Bains Jaideep S. , Pittman Quentin J.
Published: September 2015

Somatodendritically released peptides alter synaptic function through a variety of mechanisms, including autocrine actions that liberate retrograde transmitters. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a neuropeptide expressed in neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), a region implicated in satiety and stress. There are clear demonstrations that exogenous CCK modulates food intake and neuropeptide expression in the DMH, but there is no information on how endogenous CCK alters synaptic properties. Here, we provide the first report of somatodendritic release of CCK in the brain in male Sprague Dawley rats. CCK is released from DMH neurons in response to repeated postsynaptic depolarizations, and acts in an autocrine fashion on CCK2 receptors to enhance postsynaptic NMDA receptor function and liberate the retrograde transmitter, nitric oxide (NO). NO subsequently acts presynaptically to enhance GABA release through a soluble guanylate cyclase-mediated pathway. These data provide the first demonstration of synaptic actions of somatodendritically released CCK in the hypothalamus and reveal a new form of retrograde plasticity, depolarization-induced potentiation of inhibition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSomatodendritic signaling using endocannabinoids or nitric oxide to alter the efficacy of afferent transmission is well established. Despite early convincing evidence for somatodendritic release of neurohypophysial peptides in the hypothalamus, there is only limited evidence for this mode of release for other peptides. Here, we provide the first evidence for somatodendritic release of the satiety peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) in the brain. We also reveal a new form of synaptic plasticity in which postsynaptic depolarization results in enhancement of inhibition through the somatodendritic release of CCK.
Factores determinantes del rendimiento académico universitario en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior
Authors: Jiménez Caballero José Luis , Camúñez Ruiz José Antonio , De Fuentes Ruiz Pilar , González-Rodríguez M. Rosario
Published: September 2015

Se puede medir la eficiencia en una gestión mediante los resultados obtenidos, teniendo en cuenta los factores a los que se tiene acceso, que inciden de manera negativa o positiva en los mismos. En una cohorte de 572 alumnos matriculados en primer curso del Grado en Finanzas y Contabilidad, analizamos el efecto que sobre los primeros resultados académicos tienen el género, la nota de acceso y el orden de preferencia con el que accedieron. Usando técnicas clásicas del análisis estadístico multidimensional de datos, se ha procedido al análisis empírico. Los resultados concluyen que: 1) no existen diferencias significativas en los primeros resultados académicos del grado en cuanto al género; 2) la nota de acceso es un factor relevante, significativo y directo en el rendimiento académico; 3) el orden de preferencia con el que el estudiante accede en primera opción es un factor que genera notas medias más elevadas; 4) de haberse establecido una nota de acceso más elevada, las calificaciones medias de las asignaturas hubieran crecido, y aquellos alumnos que abandonaron los estudios el primer año (170) no se hubieran podido matricular, con lo que se habría conseguido una mejora en la eficiencia de los recursos monetarios y educativos utilizados.
Religion, diplomacy and identity. Some remarks on the ayatollah Khomeini’s letter to Gorbachev
Authors: Rzepka Marcin
Published: September 2015

The letter sent by Ayatollah Khomeini to Gorbachev seems to be important in modern Iranian historiography presenting Khomeini as an influential and prophet-like “father of the revolution”. The letter brings Khomeini’s personal insights into the situation of the Soviet Union offering to its leader Islam as the only solution for internal and external problems. The letter in fact may be consider an example or rather a product of Iranian political culture, an attempt to return to the global and finally as a Khomeini’s answer to history.
Ромеи – только жители империи или народность in statu nascendi?
Authors: Bonarek Jacek
Published: September 2015

Византия, наследник Римской империи, является отличным примером многоэтнического государства средневековой Европы. Многоэтническая Византия основывалась на римском праве, христианском вероисповедании и греческой культуре, а жители Империи считали себя законными преемниками civium Romanorum. Византийцем, то есть ромеем, официально был каждый житель, признающий ортодоксальное вероисповедание и принадлежащий к христианско-греческой культуре. Тем не менее открытым остаётся вопрос – имел ли в Византии этноним «ромей» исключительно упомянутое общественное значение, без этнического оттенка.
Древнескандинавские и древнеруские паломничества в Святую Землю в XI–XII веках: сравнительный анализ
Authors: Bak Volodymyr
Published: September 2015

Паломничества в Святую землю в Средневековой Европе занимали особое место среди духовного самовыражения христиан. В рамках этой статьи, хотелось бы рассмотреть известные по письменным источникам древнескандинавские путешествия-паломничества на Ближний Восток в XI–XII вв., путь которых (в Палестину, а иногда и обратно) пролегал через территорию Руси (так называемый Austrvegr «Восточный путь»). И по возможности, сравнить пути этих путешествий с паломничествами древних русичей того же времени.
Преславский собор 893 г. в современной историографии
Authors: Николов Ангел
Published: September 2015

В статье рассматриваются события, разыгравшиеся в Болгарии в первые годы после удаления в монастырь постаревшего князя Бориса-Михаила при правлении его сына Владимира-Расате. Обсуждаемые события трудно поддаются реконструкции и их интерпретация часто вызывала споры и противоречия в историографии. Единственное более подробное свидетельство относительно политики Владимира-Расате и его детронизации в 893 г., помещенное в составленной ок. 908 г. хронике немецкого летописца Регино, игумена Прюмского монастыря в Лотарингии, является предметом анализа данной статьи.
Islam i chrześcijaństwo w konserwatywnej myśli rosyjskiej XIX stulecia
Authors: Pawełczyk-Dura Kamila
Published: September 2015

W rosyjskiej myśli konserwatywnej XIX stulecia islam był elementem filozofii historii, która ujmowała historię narodu i państwa w perspektywie historycznej i kulturowej. Ponadto prezentowała przeszłość, teraźniejszość oraz przyszłość Rosyjskiej Cerkwi Prawosławnej. Konserwatyzm stworzył przy tym wizję szczególnego rozwoju Rosji jako ogniwa łączącego Wschód z Zachodem. Żądanie zapewnienia Rosji wyjątkowej pozycji w cywilizowanym świecie, odpowiadającej jej osiągnięciom i możliwościom nie mogło być zrealizowane bez uwzględnienia złożonych relacji między chrześcijaństwem a islamem w historii Rosji i bez uwzględnienia tradycji, które rozwijały się na jej terytorium. Konserwatywna myśl historiozoficzna odnosząca się do islamu nie była bynajmniej jednorodna, co potwierdzają poglądy czołowych przedstawicieli – Piotra Czaadajewa, Mikołaja Danilewskiego i Konstantina Leontjewa.
Od „Arabskiej Wiosny” do „koptyjskiej zimy”: chrześcijański głos z Egiptu
Authors: Woźniak Marta
Published: September 2015

Stanowiący około 10-procentową mniejszość w ponad 80-milionowym Egipcie, ortodoksyjni Koptowie są najliczniejszą chrześcijańską wspólnotą w regionie Bliskiego Wschodu i Afryki Północnej. Ich relacje z muzułmańską większością nigdy nie były pozbawione napięć, jednak rewolucja, która 11 lutego 2011 roku przyniosła kres 30-letnich rządów Husniego Mubaraka, na krótko zbliżyła wyznawców dwóch wielkich religii do siebie. Wraz z dojściem do władzy fundamentalistów muzułmańskich w 2012 roku sytuacja Koptów wyraźnie się pogorszyła: masakra w Maspiro, podpalenia kościołów m.in. w Sul oraz Idfu, ataki na siostry zakonne, salaficka propaganda antychrześcijańska, wreszcie kontrowersje wokół rekonwersji z islamu na chrześcijaństwo są na to dowodem. Śmierć patriarchy Szinudy III i konieczność wyboru nowego przywódcy duchowego czyni położenie Koptów jeszcze trudniejszym.
Обратная историческая перспектива: фрески архимандрита Зинона (Теодора) в нижнем храме Феодоровского собора в Петербурге
Authors: Рыйгас Елена
Published: September 2015

Консервативное по своей природе церковное искусство часто понимается как набор готовых образцов для копирования. Фрески архимандрита Зинона (Теодора) и внутреннее убранство воссозданного в 2013 году нижнего храма Феодоровского собора в Петербурге являют собой пример успешного творческого поиска, когда в результате переосмысленного раннехристианского наследия из совокупности материальных объектов возникает не только мощный эстетический, но интеллектуальный ресурс.
Konservative und chirurgische Therapie der Urachusfistel bei einem Alpaka-Cria
Authors: Wöckel A. , Felton C. , Schwarzenberger J. , Sobiraj A. , Kubus K.
Published: September 2015

Die Urachusfistel ist eine neonatale Erkrankung. Es wird zwischen einer kongenitalen und einer erworbenen Form unterschieden. Beschrieben wird der Fall eines 6 Stunden alten weiblichen Alpaka-Cria, das mit einem nicht abgetrockneten Nabelstumpf und einer Mekoniumobstipation vorgestellt wurde. Die konservative Therapie der Urachusfistel (Reinigung und Desinfektion des Nabelstumpfs, lokale sowie systemische Antibiose) führte innerhalb von 6 Tagen nicht zum gewünschten Erfolg, so dass eine chirurgische Behandlung in Form einer Nabelresektion unter Allgemeinanästhesie durchgeführt wurde. Die Rekonvaleszenz verlief komplikationslos.
Salmonellen im Schweinebestand
Authors: Rostalski A.
Published: September 2015

Das Ziel, über ein alleiniges Monitoringsystem bei Schlachtschweinen die Salmonellenprävalenz in deutschen Beständen zu reduzieren, lässt sich nur schwer realisieren. Da die Hygiene vieler Kategorie-III-Betriebe gut ist und eine klinische Symptomatik häufig fehlt, gestaltet sich die Umsetzung nachhaltiger Beratungskonzepte schwierig. Verbesserungen der biologischen Leistungen sowie geänderte Haltungsformen und Fütterungskonzepte in der Ferkelerzeugung rücken die Sauenhaltungen in den Fokus. Informationen über den Salmonellenstatus von Lieferbetrieben sind essenziell für die Etablierung beispielsweise von Impfmaßnahmen. Verpflichtende Untersuchungen für alle Schweinehaltungen und Sanierungsmaßnahmen ausgehend von der Basiszucht sind daher sinnvoll. Hierfür werden allgemeine stressreduzierende Maßnahmen, mögliche Änderungen des Nachweissystems und eine frühzeitige Benachrichtigung akut auffälliger Betriebe diskutiert.
Linking environmental drivers with amphibian species diversity in ponds from subtropical grasslands
Authors: GONÇALVES DARLENE S. , CRIVELLARI LUCAS B. , CONTE CARLOS EDUARDO
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAmphibian distribution patterns are known to be influenced by habitat diversity at breeding sites. Thus, breeding sites variability and how such variability influences anuran diversity is important. Here, we examine which characteristics at breeding sites are most influential on anuran diversity in grasslands associated with Araucaria forest, southern Brazil, especially in places at risk due to anthropic activities. We evaluate the associations between habitat heterogeneity and anuran species diversity in nine body of water from September 2008 to March 2010, in 12 field campaigns in which 16 species of anurans were found. Of the seven habitat descriptors we examined, water depth, pond surface area and distance to the nearest forest fragment explained 81% of total species diversity. Water depth, margin vegetation type, surface area and distance to the next body of water explained between 31-74% of the variance in abundance of nine of the 16 species. Thus, maintenance of body of water, of the vegetation along the water edge and natural forest fragments in the grasslands, along with fire control (used to renovation of pasture), are fundamentally important for the maintenance of anuran species diversity through the conservation of their breeding sites.
First record of Hysterothylacium sp. Moravec, Kohn et Fernandes, 1993 larvae (Nematoda: Anisakidae) infecting the ornamental fish Hyphessobrycon eques Steindachner, 1882 (Characiformes, Characidae)
Authors: Acosta AA , Silva RJ
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study reports for the first time infection with Hysterothylacium sp. larvae in the ornamental fish Hyphessobrycon eques from the Paranapanema River, Jurumirim Reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil. A sample of 33 specimens of H. eques was collected in October, 2011. Four specimens of H. eques were parasitized by Hysterothylacium sp. larvae in the intestine and coelomic cavity, with prevalence of 12.1%, mean intensity of infection of 1, and mean abundance of 0.121 ± 0.05. A total of 40 unidentified free-living nematodes were found in the stomach content of 17 fish. This fish species is introduced in the Paranapanema River. Invasive species may affect the native fauna given the introduction of pathogens and parasites. This study also complements data on the diet of H. eques due to the records of free-living nematode as part of the stomach content. Infections with Hysterothylacium sp. larvae may affect the biology of this fish and bring about profit losses to aquarists.
Brasilian Therevidae (diptera): a checklist and discriptions of species.
Authors: Irwin Michael E. , Webb Donald W.
Published: September 2015

95 Specimens representing 12 Species in 5 genera form the basis of this paper. 6 new Species are described, namely: Henicomyia amazonica, n. sp. (Bnazil: Amazonas) , Brachylinga xanthoperra, n. sp. (Brazil:Roraima), Cyclotelus badicrusus, n. sp. (Brazil-.Amazonas; Ecuador: Pichinca), C. silacrusus, n. sp. (Brazil-.São Paulo), Penniverpa alvadusta. n. sp. (Brazil-.Amazonas) and P. alvatra, n. sp. (Brazil-.Roraima) . A check-list of Braziliam Therevidae, based on literature accounts and examined matenial, is ALSO provided. It lists 22 Species in 7 genera, one not formally described. New combinations, and new synonyms ore proposed.
Ectoparasitos de pequenos mamíferos da Ilha de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil. I. Ectoparasitofauna, registros geográficos e de hospedeiros.
Authors: Linardi Pedro Marcos , Botelho José Ramiro , Rafael José Albertíno , Valle Célio Murilo Carvalho , Cunha Aléxia da , Machado Paulo Augusto Ribeiro
Published: September 2015

Um levantamento de ectoparasitos de pequenos mamiferos foi realizado na ilha de Ma-racá, Roraima, Bnasil, durante três distintos periodos entre novembro de 1987 a fevereiro de 1989, tendo sido colecionados 1. 774 exemplares retirados de 51 roedores e 3 marsupiais. Os números e a distribuição por sexo das espécies de ectoparasitos encontrados são apresentados. Novos registros de hospedeiros são dados pana Androlaelaps fahrenhol zi, Gigantolaelaps goyanensis, Laelaps flexa, Laelaps paulistanensise Tur aymara.Todas as espécies de ectoparasiZos são registradas pela primeira vez no Estado de Rorai ma. Excetuando-se Amblyomma.sp., Cummingsiasp., Hoplopleura splendida, Polygenis kla-gesi klagesi, Polygenis klagesi samuelise Rhopalopsyllus australisssp. as demais espé-cies são assinaladas pela primeira vez na Amazônia brasileira. L. flexa, Tur amazonicus, Turapicalis, Τ. aymanae Gliricola venezuelanustambém constituem novos negistros pora o Bnasil. Duas novas espécies de. ectoparasitos - uma de ácaro, outra de malófogo-foram, também, encontradas.
Ectoparasitos de pequenos mamíferos da Ilha de Maracá, Roraima, Brasil. II. interação entre ectoparasitos e hospedeiros.
Authors: Linardi Pedro Marcos , Botelho José Ramiro , Rafael José Albertino
Published: September 2015

Indices globais pulicidianos, anoplurianos, malofagianos e acarianos foram determinados em mamiferos capturados na Ilha de Manacá, Roraima, Brasil, no periodo de, novembro de 1987 a fevereiro de 1989.Tendo-se em vista os valores limites ou criticas atri-buidos aos indices pulicidianos, propostos como medida complementar de vigilância epide-miológica para peste, alguns, roedores silvestres poderiam ter estado expostos a esta in-fecção. O indice global foi de 11,5e a pulga prevalente foi Polygznis klagesi klagesiobservado na estação seca. Os números máximos de ectoparasitas por hospedeiros foram: 244 para Prorchimys guyannensis, 193para Prorchimyssp. e 108 para Bolomys sp. As espéciescom indices de infestação mais elevados fonam P. klagesi klagesiem Peoechimyssp.; Glíricolasp. n., Tur apicalise Tur aymaraem P. guyannensis.infestações simples foram de mais prevalentes, enquanto as duplas e as outras múltiplas foram equivalentes. Com exceção deProechimyssp., todas as espécies de hospedeiros apresentaram infestações simples. Apenas Laelaps dearmasie Gliricola porcelliocorreram em infestações iso-ladas.
Insetos coletados durante o Projeto Maracá, Roraima, Brasil: Lista complementar.
Authors: Rafael J. A.
Published: September 2015

Uma lista da isentos coletados durante o projeto Marscá é apresentada. Os seguintes táxons são listados: Neuroptera (Corydalidae, Mantispidae, Ascalaphidade, Coniopterygidae, Sisyridade, Myrmeleontidae e a Chrysopidae); Coleoptera (Cerambycidae) e Diptora (Stratymyiidae, Asilidade, Bombyliidae, Dolichopodidae., Neriidae, Tephritidae., Milichiidae, Chloropidae, Otitidae, Richardiidae., Platystomatidae, Ropalomeridae, lo chaeidae e Clusiidae). Apresenta-se também uma Lista da Orthoptera: Acridoidea (Romaleidae e Acrididae) identificados em 1983.
Tabanidae (Diptera) da Ilha de Maracá e Serra Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil, com descrição de duas espécies novas.
Authors: Rafael J. A. , Gorayeb I. S. , Rosa M. S. S. , Henriques A. L.
Published: September 2015

43 espécies e 3 "variedades" (sensu Fairchild) de mutucas (Diptera: Tabanidae) foram coletadas na Ilha de Maracá e na Serra de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil, fronteira com a Venezuela. Fidena schildi (Hine). Esenbeckia prasiniventris (Macquart) e Tabanus unimacula (Kroeber) são registradas pela primeira vez no Brasil e duas espécies novas são descritas: Catachlorops bindai e Stypomnisa vidali. O macho de Tabanus sannio Fairchild é descrito. Alguns dados ecológicos são apresentados.
O MEIO AMBIENTE COMO CONFORMAÇÃO CURRICULAR NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Boton Jaiane de Moraes , Costa Ronaldo Gonçalves de Andrade , Kurzmann Suzana Margarete , Terrazzan Eduardo A.
Published: September 2015

O crescente apelo da Educação Ambiental como ferramenta- chave para a construção de sociedades sustentáveis e a sua institucionali zação nos diversos níveis de ensino têm suscitado cada vez mais estudos a respeito da sua inserção no ensino superior, com a finalidade de prepa rar futuros professores para o desempenho do papel de orientador nessa tarefa, não reduzindo esse tema apenas ao ambiente físico e biológico, mas também às questões econômicas, sociais e culturais. Assim, neste tra balho, investigamos em que medida a temática Meio Ambiente está inse rida na preparação de professores em formação na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, sendo avaliados os Projetos Político-Pedagógicos dos Cursos de Licenciatura da referida Instituição de Ensino Superior.