bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harlequin in Bohemia: Pantomime and Opéra Comique at Krumlov Castle under the Princes of Schwarzenberg
Authors: Schindler Otto G.
Published: October 2003

In this article Otto G. Schindler provides an overview of research into the Castle Theatre at Český Krumlov, where theatrical entertainments are first recorded in the late seventeenth century, and adds some contributions of his own. After a short period of renewed activity in the rebuilt theatre inaugurated in 1768, benign neglect has preserved for us intact an authentic monument of late baroque theatre building. In the Castle Theatre, Hanswurst, traditionally the sole comic performer, formed part of a commedia-derived comic ensemble, and pantomimes regularly accompanied birthday celebrations until the late eighteenth century, when major travelling companies were visitors to the theatre, and opéra comique was also in vogue. Otto G. Schindler was University Assistant, Lecturer, and Head Librarian at the Drama Department of the University of Vienna, and has been a Research Fellow at the State University of New York. He was active in the Theatre Collection of the Austrian National Library and the Institute for Audience Research at the Austrian Academy of Science, where he is a member of its Commission for Cultural Studies and Theatre History. He has published extensively on Austrian and Central European theatre history with special reference to early modern theatre companies and the reception of commedia dell'arte. The festschrift Theatre am Hof und für das Volk (Vienna: Boehlau, 2002) was recently published in his honour.
Metabolic economics and microbial proteome evolution
Authors: Akashi Hiroshi
Published: October 2003

Natural selection is thought to act upon protein structures to optimize biochemical properties related to their specific cellular function. Selection pressures related to efficient synthesis, rather than proper function, of proteins may act globally on the amino acid composition of the proteome, but are less firmly established. A substantial fraction of bacterial energy budgets are devoted to biosynthesis of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. The fueling reactions of central metabolism provide precursor metabolites for synthesis of amino acids. Thus, synthesis of an amino acid entails a dual cost; energy is lost by diverting chemical intermediates from fueling reactions and additional energy is required to convert precursor metabolites to amino acids. Selection to reduce the energetic costs predicts increases in the abundance of less energetically costly amino acids in highly expressed proteins. Using synonymous codon usage bias as a measure of translation rates, we show that amino acid composition in the proteomes of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis reflects the action of natural selection to enhance metabolic efficiency. The primary structures of proteins may also reflect natural selection to enhance the rate and accuracy of their synthesis. Differences in cellular concentrations of tRNAs could lead to translation selection both within and among synonymous families. In yeast, usage of several amino acids show striking associations with gene expression. These changes in amino acid composition result in stronger correlations between amino acid usage and tRNA abundances in highly expressed genes than in less expressed loci. Proteome-wide patterns of amino acid composition in microbes appears to reflect natural selection to enhance the overall physiology of cells as well as the specific functions of proteins.

Contact: akashi@psu.edu  http://www.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/akashi/
Fast feature selection using a simple estimation of
distribution algorithm: a case study on splice site prediction
Authors: Saeys Yvan , Degroeve Sven , Aeyels Dirk , Van de Peer Yves , Rouzé Pierre
Published: October 2003

Motivation: Feature subset selection is an important preprocessing step for classification. In biology, where structures or processes are described by a large number of features, the elimination of irrelevant and redundant information in a reasonable amount of time has a number of advantages. It enables the classification system to achieve good or even better solutions with a restricted subset of features, allows for a faster classification, and it helps the human expert focus on a relevant subset of features, hence providing useful biological knowledge.

Results: We present a heuristic method based on Estimation of Distribution Algorithms to select relevant subsets of features for splice site prediction in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that this method performs a fast detection of relevant feature subsets using the technique of constrained feature subsets. Compared to the traditional greedy methods the gain in speed can be up to one order of magnitude, with results being comparable or even better than the greedy methods. This makes it a very practical solution for classification tasks that can be solved using a relatively small amount of discriminative features (or feature dependencies), but where the initial set of potential discriminative features is rather large.

Keywords: Machine Learning, Feature Subset Selection, Estimation of Distribution Algorithms, Splice Site Prediction.

Contact: yvsae@gengenp.rug.ac.be

*To whom correspondence should be addressed.
“Scalable Privilege”—How AI Could Turn Data From the Best Medical Systems Into Better Care for All
Authors: Anderer Samantha , Hswen Yulin
Published: January 2024

This Medical News article is an interview with JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo and physician Atul Butte, the University of California Health System’s chief data scientist.
Use of Complementary Health Approaches Overall and for Pain Management by US Adults
Authors: Nahin Richard L. , Rhee Amber , Stussman Barbara
Published: January 2024

This study examines prevalence of use of complementary health approaches overall and for pain management among US adults.
Efficacy of Tixagevimab-Cilgavimab as Immunoprophylaxis in Patients With Hematologic Cancer
Authors: Salvini Marco , Grossi Paolo Antonio , Cacioppo Alessandro , Merli Michele , Pellegrini Giacomo , Brociner Marco , Passamonti Francesco
Published: January 2024

This cohort study compares outcomes for patients with hematologic malignant tumors who prophylactically received tixagevimab-cilgavimab against SARS-CoV-2 with those who did not.
Representation of Women and Racially and Ethnically Marginalized Principal Investigators in Vascular Device Trials
Authors: Weaver M. Libby , Srinivas Tara , Bose Sanuja , Deery Sarah E. , Amendola Michael Fiore , Black James H. , Hicks Caitlin W.
Published: January 2024

This quality improvement study describes the lack of diversity in trial leadership, especially in arterial disease device trials, and recommends action steps.
Stakeholder engagement in participatory research in French marine and freshwater social‐ecological systems: A systematic map protocol
Authors: Chevallier Adrien , Balti Heikel , Gourguet Sophie , Macher Claire , Shin Yunne‐Jai , Moullec Fabien
Published: January 2024

Stakeholder engagement (SkE) in research is currently experiencing significant growth within the fields of environmental and sustainability sciences. Stakeholder engagement ensures the relevance of research questions to societal expectations and the uptake and salience of the co‐produced knowledge and results for their use in the decision‐making process.

In a context of societal challenges regarding biodiversity conservation and the sustainability of marine and freshwater social‐ecological systems (SESs), participatory approaches constitute key methods in applied research involving actions and decision‐making. There are, however, many gaps in the practical, conceptual and ethical ways stakeholders have been involved in research.

We propose here a systematic map of the literature on SkE in research on marine and aquatic SESs carried out on French European and overseas territories, in order to draw up the first comprehensive overview of how SkE has developed and changed since 1945.

This systematic map will identify a representative list of scientific articles on SkE in French marine and freshwater social‐ecological research. The literature search will include both academic literature (e.g. peer‐reviewed articles, reviews, meta‐analyses) and grey literature (e.g. reports, working papers) using the most relevant search engines for the scientific literature published between 1945 and 2023. Retrieved publications will be reviewed for relevance according to a predefined set of eligibility/ineligibility criteria by a group of trained reviewers. The eligibility check will be done in two successive screening steps: (1) title and abstract and (2) full text, each independently performed by two reviewers. All retained literature will be subjected to coding and metadata extraction using the Sysrev platform. No validity assessment will be undertaken. A database of the metadata extracted will be provided, along with a narrative description of the evidence base, and a set of figures and tables summarizing the relevant characteristics of the studies.

This systematic map will provide a reliable overview of SkE conducted in research projects on French aquatic social‐ecological systems to strengthen the science–society relationship and help future research projects implement efficient and sustainable SkE processes in France and elsewhere.
Flow‐Induced Microfluidic Assembly for Advanced Biocatalysis Materials
Authors: Lemke Phillip , Schneider Leonie , Kunz Willfried , Rieck Anna L. , Jäger Paula S. , Bruckmann Alexander , Nestler Britta , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: January 2024

Exploring the potential of microfluidic systems, this study presents a groundbreaking approach harnessing energy in microfluidic flows within a purpose‐built microreactor, enabling precise deposition of functional biomaterials. Upon optimizing reactor dimensions and integrating it into a microfluidic system, sequentially flow‐induced deposition of DNA hydrogels and transformation into DNA‐protein hybrid materials with SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology is investigated. However, limited functionalization rates restrict its viability for targeted biocatalytic processes. Therefore, the direct deposition of a phenolic acid decarboxylase is investigated, which is efficiently deposited but shows limited biocatalytic performance due to shear‐induced denaturation. This challenge is overcome by a two‐step immobilization process, resulting in microfluidic bioreactors demonstrating initial high space‐time yields of up to 7000 g L−1 d−1, but whose process stability proves unsatisfactory. However, by exploiting the principle of flow‐induced deposition to immobilize recombinant E. coli cells as functional living materials overexpressing biocatalytically relevant enzymes, bioreactors are produced that show equally high space‐time yields in continuous whole‐cell catalysis which remain constant over periods of up to 10 days. The insights gained offer optimization strategies for advanced functional materials and innovative reactor systems holding promise for applications in fundamental materials science, biosensing, and scalable production of microreactors for biocatalysis and bioremediation.
Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of the Interfacial Electronic Structures of Metal‐Ion Containing Polyelectrolytes on ITO Substrates
Authors: Lee Jin Hee , Khan Yeasin , Kim Seunghwan , Choi Ae Jin , Walker Bright , Park Soohyung , Seo Jung Hwa
Published: January 2024

Research in the field of organic electronics has witnessed dramatic improvements in device performance over the past several decades through an ever‐improving understanding of electron and hole movement and the development of new interfacial materials. In this study, a type of interfacial material that relies on ionic charges comprising metal:poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) polyelectrolytes are synthesized and investigated as structural analogs of the ubiquitously used poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole transport layer, in order to investigate correlations between metal cation ions and the cationic PEDOT component. The metal ions selected for this study include Li, Mg, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, Cs, and Pb ions. To analyze the interfacial energy level alignment, electronic band structure, and band bending at the Indium tin oxide (ITO)/metal:PSS interface, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) are employed. Alkali (earth) and post‐transition metals show deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels and low work function (WF) due to Fermi level balance, implying poor hole transport. Remarkably, Cu:PSS displays a unique electronic structure, suggesting potential as a hole transport layer with increased WF and low hole injection barrier. Period 5 transition metals mirror PEDOT:PSS trends, and Ag:PSS holds the potential to form effective ohmic contacts.
A Laparoscopically Compatible Rapid‐Adhesion Bioadhesive for Asymmetric Adhesion, Non‐Pressing Hemostasis, and Seamless Seal
Authors: Yang Yueying , Wang Jiaxin , Yang Jiashen , Wu Xiaoyu , Tian Ye , Tang Hanchuan , Li Na , Liu Xurui , Zhou Mengyuan , Liu Jihong , Ling Qing , Zang Jianfeng
Published: January 2024

Bioadhesive hydrogels offer unprecedented opportunities in hemostatic agents and tissue sealing; however, the application of existing bioadhesive hydrogels through narrow spaces to achieve strong adhesion in fluid‐rich physiological environments is challenged either by undesired indiscriminate adhesion or weak wet tissue adhesion. Here, a laparoscopically compatible asymmetric adhesive hydrogel (aAH) composed of sprayable adhesive hydrogel powders and injectable anti‐adhesive glue is proposed for hemostasis and to seal the bloody tissues in a non‐pressing way, allowing for preventing postoperative adhesion. The powders can seed on the irregular bloody wound to rapidly absorb interfacial fluid, crosslink, and form an adhesive hydrogel to hemostatic seal (blood clotting time and tissue sealing in 10 s, ≈200 mm Hg of burst pressure in sealed porcine tissues). The aAH can be simply formed by crosslinking the upper powder with injectable glue to prevent postoperative adhesion (adhesive strength as low as 1 kPa). The aAH outperforms commercial hemostatic agents and sealants in the sealing of bleeding organs in live rats, demonstrating superior anti‐adhesive efficiency. Further, the hemostatic seamless sealing by aAH succeeds in shortening the time of warm ischemia, decreasing the blood loss, and reducing the possibility of rebleeding in the porcine laparoscopic partial nephrectomy model.
Ultrathin Ambipolar Polyelectrolyte Capacitors Prepared via Layer‐by‐Layer Assembling
Authors: Paghi Alessandro , Mariani Stefano , Corsi Martina , Maurina Elena , Debrassi Aline , Dähne Lars , Capaccioli Simone , Barillaro Giuseppe
Published: January 2024

Miniaturized solid state capacitors leveraging migration of unipolar ions in a single polyelectrolyte layer sandwiched between metal electrodes, namely, polyelectrolyte capacitors (PECs), have been recently reported with areal capacitance up to 100–200 nF mm−2. Nonetheless, application of PECs in consumer and industrial electronics has been hindered so far by their small operational frequency range, up to a few kHz, due to the resistive behavior (phase angle >−45°) of PECs in the range kHz‐to‐MHz. Here, it is reported on multilayer polyelectrolyte capacitors (mPECs) that leverage as dielectric an ambipolar nanometer‐thick (down to 10 nm) stack of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes assembled layer‐by‐layer between metal electrodes to eliminate the resistive behavior at frequencies from kHz to MHz. This significantly extends the operational range of mPECs over PECs. mPECs with areal capacitance as high as 25 nF mm−2 at 20 Hz and full capacitive behavior from 100 mHz to 10 MHz are demonstrated using different assembling conditions and anionic/cationic polyelectrolyte pairs. The mPECs reliably operate over time for >300 million cycles, at different biasing voltages up to 3 V, and temperatures up to 80 °C, showing a reversible capacitive behavior without significant hysteresis. Application of mPECs in flexible electronics, also operating at high frequency, is envisaged.
Boosting the Performances of Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics via Synergetic Near‐Infrared Light Management
Authors: Xu Tao , Deng Baozhong , Zheng Kaiwen , Li Hongyu , Wang Zihan , Zhong Yunbo , Zhang Chengxi , Lévêque Gaëtan , Grandidier Bruno , Bachelot Renaud , Treguer‐Delapierre Mona , Qi Yabing , Wang Shenghao
Published: January 2024

Semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) offer promising prospects for application in building‐integrated photovoltaic systems and greenhouses, but further improvement of their performance faces a delicate trade‐off between the two competing indexes of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance (AVT). Herein, the authors take advantage of coupling plasmonics with the optical design of ST‐OPVs to enhance near‐infrared absorption and hence simultaneously improve efficiency and visible transparency to the maximum extent. By integrating core–bishell PdCu@Au@SiO2 nanotripods that act as optically isotropic Lambertian sources with near‐infrared‐customized localized surface plasmon resonance in an optimal ternary PM6:BTP‐eC9:L8‐BO‐based ST‐OPV, it is shown that their interplay with a multilayer optical coupling layer, consisting of ZnS(130 nm)/Na3AlF6(60 nm)/WO3(100 nm)/LaF3(50 nm) identified from high‐throughput optical screening, leads to a record‐high PCE of 16.14% (certified as 15.90%) along with an excellent AVT of 33.02%. The strong enhancement of the light utilization efficiency by ≈50% as compared to the counterpart device without optical engineering provides an encouraging and universal pathway for promoting breakthroughs in ST‐OPVs from meticulous optical design.
The Unique Fe3Mo3N Structure Bestowed Efficient Fenton‐Like Performance of the Iron‐Based Catalysts: The Double Enhancement of Radicals and Nonradicals
Authors: Liu Zhen , Su Ruidian , Xu Fei , Xu Xing , Gao Baoyu , Li Qian
Published: January 2024

Iron‐based catalysts are widely used in Fenton‐like water pollution control technology due to their high efficiency, but their practical applications are limited by complex preparation conditions and strong blockage of Fe2+/Fe3+ cycle during the reaction. Here, a new iron–molybdenum bimetallic carbon‐based catalyst is designed and synthesized using cellulose hydrogel for adsorption of Fe and Mo bimetals as a template, and the effective iron cycle in water treatment is realized. The integrated materials (Fe2.5Mo@CNs) with “catalytic/cocatalytic” performance have higher Fenton‐like activation properties and universality than the equivalent quantity iron–carbon‐based composite catalysts (Fe@CNs). Through the different characterization methods, experimental verifications and theoretical calculations show that the unique Fe3Mo3N structure promotes the adsorption of persulfate and reduces the energy barrier of the reaction, further completing the double enhancement of radicals (such as SO4·−) and nonradicals (1O2 and electron transport process). The integrated “catalytic/cocatalytic” combined material is expected to provide a new promotion strategy for Fenton‐like water pollution control.
Enhancing Purely Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence via Supramolecular Self‐Assembly
Authors: Zheng Han , Zhang Zaiyong , Cai Suzhi , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei
Published: January 2024

Long‐lived and highly efficient room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are in high demand for practical applications in lighting and display, security signboards, and anti‐counterfeiting. Achieving RTP in aqueous solutions, near‐infrared (NIR) phosphorescence emission, and NIR‐excited RTP are crucial for applications in bio‐imaging, but these goals pose significant challenges. Supramolecular self‐assembly provides an effective strategy to address the above problems. This review focuses on the recent advances in the enhancement of RTP via supramolecular self‐assembly, covering four key aspects: small molecular self‐assembly, cocrystals, the self‐assembly of macrocyclic hosts and guests, and multi‐stage supramolecular self‐assembly. This review not only highlights progress in these areas but also underscores the prominent challenges associated with developing supramolecular RTP materials. The resulting strategies for the development of high‐performance supramolecular RTP materials are discussed, aiming to satisfy the practical applications of RTP materials in biomedical science.
Direct Observation of Room‐Temperature Magnetic Skyrmion Motion Driven by Ultra‐Low Current Density in Van Der Waals Ferromagnets
Authors: Ji Yubin , Yang Seungmo , Ahn Hyo‐Bin , Moon Kyoung‐Woong , Ju Tae‐Seong , Im Mi‐Young , Han Hee‐Sung , Lee Jisung , Park Seung‐young , Lee Changgu , Kim Kab‐Jin , Hwang Chanyong
Published: January 2024

The recent discovery of room‐temperature ferromagnetism in 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials, such as Fe3GaTe2 (FGaT), has garnered significant interest in offering a robust platform for 2D spintronic applications. Various fundamental operations essential for the realization of 2D spintronics devices are experimentally confirmed using these materials at room temperature, such as current‐induced magnetization switching or tunneling magnetoresistance. Nevertheless, the potential applications of magnetic skyrmions in FGaT systems at room temperature remain unexplored. In this work, the current‐induced generation of magnetic skyrmions in FGaT flakes employing high‐resolution magnetic transmission soft X‐ray microscopy is introduced, supported by a feasible mechanism based on thermal effects. Furthermore, direct observation of the current‐induced magnetic skyrmion motion at room temperature in FGaT flakes is presented with ultra‐low threshold current density. This work highlights the potential of FGaT as a foundation for room‐temperature‐operating 2D skyrmion device applications.
Multidimensional Interactive Cascading Nanochips for Detection of Multiple Liver Diseases via Precise Metabolite Profiling
Authors: Li Zhiyu , Peng Weili , Zhou Juan , Shui Shaoxuan , Liu Yicheng , Li Tan , Zhan Xiaohui , Chen Yuanyuan , Lan Fang , Ying Binwu , Wu Yao
Published: January 2024

It is challenging to detect and differentiate multiple diseases with high complexity/similarity from the same organ. Metabolic analysis based on nanomatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (NMALDI‐MS) is a promising platform for disease diagnosis, while the enhanced property of its core nanomatrix materials has plenty of room for improvement. Herein, a multidimensional interactive cascade nanochip composed of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs)/MXene/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), IMG, is reported for serum metabolic profiling to achieve high‐throughput detection of multiple liver diseases. MXene serves as a multi‐binding site and an electron‐hole source for ionization during NMALDI‐MS analysis. Introduction of AuNPs with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties facilitates surface charge accumulation and rapid energy conversion. FeNPs are integrated into the MXene/Au nanocomposite to sharply reduce the thermal conductivity of the nanochip with negligible heat loss for strong thermally‐driven desorption, and construct a multi‐interaction proton transport pathway with MXene and AuNPs for strong ionization. Analysis of these enhanced serum fingerprint signals detected from the IMG nanochip through a neural network model results in differentiation of multiple liver diseases via a single pass and revelation of potential metabolic biomarkers. The promising method can rapidly and accurately screen various liver diseases, thus allowing timely treatment of liver diseases.
Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Biomarker Detections
Authors: Liu Hong , Song Jiajun , Zhao Zeyu , Zhao Sanqing , Tian Zhiyuan , Yan Feng
Published: January 2024

The improvement of living standards and the advancement of medical technology have led to an increased focus on health among individuals. Detections of biomarkers are feasible approaches to obtaining information about health status, disease progression, and response to treatment of an individual. In recent years, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have demonstrated high electrical performances and effectiveness in detecting various types of biomarkers. This review provides an overview of the working principles of OECTs and their performance in detecting multiple types of biomarkers, with a focus on the recent advances and representative applications of OECTs in wearable and implantable biomarker detections, and provides a perspective for the future development of OECT‐based biomarker sensors.
Control of Polar/Antipolar Layered Organic Semiconductors by the Odd‐Even Effect of Alkyl Chain
Authors: Inoue Satoru , Higashino Toshiki , Nikaido Kiyoshi , Miyata Ryo , Matsuoka Satoshi , Tanaka Mutsuo , Tsuzuki Seiji , Horiuchi Sachio , Kondo Ryusuke , Sagayama Ryoko , Kumai Reiji , Sekine Daiki , Koyanagi Takayoshi , Matsubara Masakazu , Hasegawa Tatsuo
Published: January 2024

Some rodlike organic molecules exhibit exceptionally high layered crystallinity when composed of a link between π‐conjugated backbone (head) and alkyl chain (tail). These molecules are aligned side‐by‐side unidirectionally to form self‐organized polar monomolecular layers, providing promising 2D materials and devices. However, their interlayer stacking arrangements have never been tunable, preventing the unidirectional arrangements of molecules in whole crystals. Here, it is demonstrated that polar/antipolar interlayer stacking can be systematically controlled by the alkyl carbon number n, when the molecules are designed to involve effectively weakened head‐to‐head affinity. They exhibit remarkable odd–even effect in the interlayer stacking: alternating head‐to‐head and tail‐to‐tail (antipolar) arrangement in odd‐n crystals, and uniform head‐to‐tail (polar) arrangement in even‐n crystals. The films show excellent field‐effect transistor characteristics presenting unique polar/antipolar dependence and considerably improved subthreshold swing in the polar films. Additionally, the polar films present enhanced second‐order nonlinear optical response along normal to the film plane. These findings are key for creating polarity‐controlled optoelectronic materials and devices.
Investigating the Photostability of Organic Photovoltaics for Indoor and Outdoor Applications
Authors: Clarke Andrew J. , Yang Emily J. , Thomas Suzanne K. , Lee Harrison K. H. , Hunter Ann , Lan Weixia , Carnie Matthew J. , Kim Ji‐Seon , Tsoi Wing Chung
Published: January 2024

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) show great promise for both outdoor and indoor applications. However, there remains a lack of understanding around the stability of OPVs, particularly for indoor applications. In this work, the photostability of the poly[(thiophene)‐alt‐(6,7‐diﬂuoro‐2‐(2‐hexyldecyloxy)quinoxaline)]:2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((4,4,9,9‐tetrahexyl‐4,9‐dihydro‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile blend is investigated for both outdoor and indoor applications. Photostability is found to vary drastically with illumination intensity. Devices under high‐intensity white light‐emitting diode (LED) illumination, with their short‐circuit current density (JSC) matching JSC–EQE for AM1.5 G illumination, lose 42% of their initial performance after 30 days of illumination. Contrastingly, after almost 47 days of illumination devices under 1000 lux white LED illumination show no loss in performance. The poor photostability under 1 sun illumination is linked to the poor photostability of IDIC. Through Raman spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, IDIC is found to suffer from photoisomerization, which detrimentally impacts light absorption and carrier extraction. In this work, it is highlighted that under low light levels, the requirement of intrinsic material photostability may be less stringent.
Kinetic study on the reaction between CO2 and tertiary amine catalyzed by zinc(II) aza‐macrocyclic complexes
Authors: Du Meng‐Meng , Sun Bao‐Chang , Wang Bei‐Bei , Luo Yong , Zhang Liang‐Liang , Chu Guang‐Wen , Zou Hai‐Kui , Chen Jian‐Feng
Published: January 2024

In this work, the kinetics study on the reaction between CO2 and tertiary amine catalyzed by zinc(II)‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane complexes (CM) and zinc(II)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane complexes (CN) was carried out in a stopped‐flow device. The effects of the catalyst concentration, type of tertiary amines, and temperature on the reaction rate (ν) and catalytic activity (φ) were studied. It was found that the catalyst concentration, tertiary amine with higher pKa, and temperature had positive effects on ν. ν in N‐methyl diethanolamine solution with 10.0 mol m−3 CM and CN were 16.62 and 26.05 folds than the uncatalyzed ν at 298 K, respectively. φ increased with increasing catalyst concentration, decreasing temperature and tertiary amine's pKa. In addition, the kinetics behavior of tertiary amine‐CM/CN‐CO2 systems conformed to the Michaelis–Menten model. The activation energies in catalytic systems were 4%–15% lower than that in the non‐catalytic systems.
Lewy body dementia: Overcoming barriers and identifying solutions
Authors: Agarwal Kanishka , Backler Wendi , Bayram Ece , Bloom Leah , Boeve Bradley F. , Cha Jang‐Ho , Denslow Maria , Ferman Tanis J. , Galasko Douglas , Galvin James E. , Gomperts Stephen N. , Irizarry Michael C. , Kantarci Kejal , Kaushik Harsh , Kietlinski Matt , Koenig Aaron , Leverenz James B. , McKeith Ian , McLean Pamela J. , Montine Thomas J. , Moose Sandra O. , O'Brien John T. , Panier Valery , Ramanathan Sharad , Ringel Michael S. , Scholz Sonja W. , Small Jonnell , Sperling Reisa A. , Taylor Angela , Taylor John‐Paul , Ward Rebecca A. , Witten Lisa , Hyman Bradley T.
Published: January 2024

Despite its high prevalence among dementias, Lewy body dementia (LBD) remains poorly understood with a limited, albeit growing, evidence base. The public‐health burden that LBD imposes is worsened by overlapping pathologies, which contribute to misdiagnosis, and lack of treatments. For this report, we gathered and analyzed public‐domain information on advocacy, funding, research outputs, and the therapeutic pipeline to identify gaps in each of these key elements. To further understand the current gaps, we also conducted interviews with leading experts in regulatory/governmental agencies, LBD advocacy, academic research, and biopharmaceutical research, as well as with funding sources. We identified wide gaps across the entire landscape, the most critical being in research. Many of the experts participated in a workshop to discuss the prioritization of research areas with a view to accelerating therapeutic development and improving patient care. This white paper outlines the opportunities for bridging the major LBD gaps and creates the framework for collaboration in that endeavor.

Highlights

A group representing academia, government, industry, and consulting expertise was convened to discuss current progress in Dementia with Lewy Body care and research.

Consideration of expert opinion,natural language processing of the literature as well as publicly available data bases, and Delphi inspired discussion led to a proposed consensus document of priorities for the field.
Seven Strategies to Integrate Equity within Translational Research in Neurology
Authors: Lizarraga Karlo J. , Gyang Tirisham , Benson Richard T. , Birbeck Gretchen L. , Johnston Karen C. , Royal Walter , Sacco Ralph L. , Segal Benjamin , Vickrey Barbara G. , Griggs Robert C. , Holloway Robert G.
Published: January 2024

The rapidly accelerating translation of biomedical advances is leading to revolutionary therapies that are often inaccessible to historically marginalized populations. We identified and synthesized recent guidelines and statements to propose 7 strategies to integrate equity within translational research in neurology: (1) learn history; (2) learn about upstream forces; (3) diversify and liberate; (4) change narratives and adopt best communication practices; (5) study social drivers of health and lived experiences; (6) leverage health technologies; and (7) build, sustain, and lead culturally humble teams. We propose that equity should be a major goal of translational research, equally important as safety and efficacy. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:432–441
Optimization of emulsion properties of chickpea protein and its application in food
Authors: Xu Wen , McClements David Julian , Xu Zhenlin , Meng Man , Zou Yidong , Chen Guanxiong , Jin Zhengyu , Chen Long
Published: January 2024

As a leguminous plant, chickpea has been widely concerned by researchers because of its high yield, low production cost, and high protein content. Compared with soy protein, chickpea protein has lower allergenicity, better solubility, and foaming properties. Therefore, chickpea protein is considered a good alternative to animal protein. Currently, chickpea protein is used in products made from flour, such as cookies, breads, and noodles. Chickpea protein emulsion also has many potential applications in food, such as delaying lipid oxidation, transporting nutrients, and serving as a substitute for animal fat. However, the physical, chemical stability and biological activity of chickpea protein emulsion are easily affected by many factors, including salt ionic strength, pH, temperature, and so forth in food processing. In order to better apply chickpea protein emulsions to more real food substrates, it is necessary and meaningful to study the factors that affect the characteristics of the emulsion. The properties of chickpea protein emulsion can be improved by pretreatment of chickpea protein, including pH adjustment, cross‐linking by glutaminase, hydrolysis of by protein hydrolase, formation of complex with glycosides or polysaccharides and acetylation modification. In the future, the optimized and stable chickpea protein emulsion will be more widely used in the food field.
Structural controllability of multi‐agent systems with directed switching topologies
Authors: Si Yuanchao , Wang JinRong
Published: January 2024

This paper considers structural controllability of multi‐agent systems (MASs) with switching topologies, in which each interaction topology is modeled by a weighted digraph. Under the adopted relative protocol, the MASs with directed switching topologies are modeled by a switched system with parameter interdependence. The technique of linear parameterization, the graph theory, and so forth are applied to tackle the structural controllability of the switched system. A graph‐theoretic interpretation for structural controllability of the system is proposed. Examples with single leader and multiple leaders are presented to illustrate our work.
Biomedical students' satisfaction with and engagement in laboratory e‐learning support are related to their self‐regulation
Authors: Moelans C. B. , Geerling J. J. , Radersma R. D. , Moons M. J. , van Diest P. J. , van der Schaaf M. F.
Published: January 2024

Laboratory e‐learning support tools can assist students' learning while preparing for laboratory classes. To successfully work in such virtual experimental environments (VEEs) outside class, students require self‐regulated learning (SRL) skills. A deeper understanding of the continuous reciprocal interactions between SRL, satisfaction, and online engagement is needed to develop more effective online learning experiences. This study therefore aimed to explore the interconnection between students' satisfaction with, effort/importance and engagement in an exemplary VEE, and to relate this to their perceived SRL and learning outcomes. Based on surveys in 79 university students, SRL was related to VEE engagement, effort/importance, and satisfaction. VEE engagement and satisfaction were not related to learning outcomes, while SRL and effort were. Students with different SRL also tended to interact differently with the VEE and experienced differing degrees of procedural and feedback support by the e‐environment. We conclude that, for optimal learning experience and outcomes, students' effort regulation and SRL need to be supported while interacting with the VEE, preferably by interventions that integrate personalized and adaptive features. This study has implications for designing and optimizing VEEs and indicates that future research should focus on VEEs taking students' SRL and effort regulation into account to support individual learners effectively.
EEG components of inhibitory control ability in internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yu Junjian , Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman Leong , Mansor Nor Shuhada
Published: January 2024

Background

Inhibitory control ability is a crucial cognitive function that enables individuals to regulate their impulses and behaviors in a goal‐directed manner. However, with the increasing prevalence of internet gaming disorder (IGD), there has been growing concern about the impact of excessive gaming on inhibitory control ability. Despite the accumulating evidence on this topic, the research conclusion on whether people with IGD have worse inhibition control ability than healthy controls remains inconsistent, and the lack of effective electroencephalography prediction indicators further complicates this issue. To address this research gap, the present study aimed to investigate whether N2 event‐related potential (ERP) and P3 ERP components could serve as reliable indicators of inhibitory control ability in individuals with IGD.

Methods

To achieve this goal, a systematic literature search was conducted in several databases, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect (EBSCO), SpringerLink, PubMed, and Wiley Online Library. The inclusion criteria were strictly implemented to ensure the quality of the studies included in the meta‐analysis. In the end, a total of 5 studies, with 139 participants diagnosed with IGD and 139 healthy controls, were included in the analysis.

Results

Meta‐analysis revealed large effect sizes of N2 and P3 amplitudes in individuals with IGD, indicating that these two ERP components could be potential indicators of inhibitory control ability. Specifically, the N2 and P3 amplitude was significantly larger in individuals with IGD than in the healthy control group, suggesting deficits in inhibitory control function and increased impulsivity in the IGD group. In the inhibition control task, the IGD group required more cognitive resources to suppress impulsive responses.

Conclusion

Overall, the findings of this meta‐analysis shed light on the potential use of N2 and P3 amplitudes as reliable indicators of inhibitory control ability in individuals with IGD. The results provide crucial insights into the neural mechanisms underlying inhibitory control impairment in IGD, which could inform the development of effective interventions for this condition. Further research is needed to explore the functional significance of these ERP components and their potential clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of IGD.
What do you Think about Parenting? Challenges to Cohesiveness in Child Protection Teams
Authors: Pereira Dora
Published: January 2024

Child protection work requires professionals to manage the different perspectives regarding intervention aims and strategies associated with different personal, academic and organisational backgrounds. Parenting assessment is a determinant task for intervention and for children's future where universal or automatic criteria remain unavailable. This study aimed to explore and characterise the existing agreement (and disagreement) between child protection workers on statements related to judgements on parenting. A total of 325 Portuguese social workers participated in the study, mostly with a background in social work and psychology and more than six years of experience in child protection. Professionals were required to distribute 50 sentences in a scoring sheet (Q‐sort methodology) with 11 points. The results were interpreted through the matrix of operationalisation of minimally adequate parenting. Three main answer strands revealed different focuses in sorts' configurations: the child, the procedures and the child's ecology. The clear difference between the factors could contribute to maintaining the child protection system as an adversarial one, and not as an effectively cooperative system. To promote team cohesiveness and intervention success, and to reinforce professionals' wellbeing and resilience, metacommunication on parenting assessment criteria is proposed as a determinant strategy.
Microfluidic Approaches in Water Quality Monitoring: An Insight and a Comprehensive Review
Authors: Suqi Wang , Rong Calvin Lin Jia , Abdulbari Hayder A. , Mahmood Wafaa K.
Published: January 2024

Freshwater scarcity and water pollution pose significant global challenges, greatly impacting human well‐being. To address these issues, water quality monitoring plays a crucial role as a preventive measure in various water security initiatives worldwide. However, many traditional testing methods suffer from drawbacks such as low accuracy, limited mobility, and high operational costs. Fortunately, the emergence of microfluidic technology offers a promising avenue for the development of highly sensitive, portable, and cost‐effective water quality monitoring devices. In this study, a comprehensive review of recent advancements in microfluidic technology for water quality monitoring, water desalination, and water purification is provided. The potential for future developments in this field is highlighted, empowering researchers to create innovative water monitoring kits and optimize existing techniques. By harnessing the capabilities of microfluidics, the accuracy, portability, and affordability of water quality monitoring can be enhanced, ultimately addressing the global water challenges we face.
Towards the Integral Valorization of Olive Pomace‐Derived Biomasses through Biorefinery Strategies
Authors: Gómez‐Cruz Irene , del Mar Contreras María , Romero Inmaculada , Castro Eulogio
Published: January 2024

The olive oil sector generates a high quantity of biomasses every year, especially in the Mediterranean region. Olive pomace is the main one, but depending on the extraction and subsequent processing, other derived biomass by‐products are generated like pâté, exhausted olive pomace, olive stone, and residual pulp. Their sustainable valorization is crucial. Therefore, this review first conceptualizes the current situation of the olive oil sector and describes these biomasses from a qualitative and quantitative point of view. Second, information on the bioactive compounds they present, the technologies used for their extraction, and examples of applications for their extracts is provided. Third, since the extraction of bioactive compounds will generate new residual biomasses, this review takes a step forward by integrating the extraction step in biorefinery cascading schemes. It also analyzes the benefits of this integration, the contribution to a circular (bio)economy, and the achievement of sustainable development goals.
Neurocysticercosis: A neglected but preventable cause of seizure in adults
Authors: Adjei Prosper , Obese Vida , Tang Richard , Manu Kingsley Owusu , Boateng Yaw Owusu Afriyie , Donkor Eunice Ansomah
Published: January 2024

Neurocysticercosis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium. Although endemic in sub‐Saharan Africa, it is neglected but remains a significant cause of preventable seizure in adults. Its diagnosis is challenging and is frequently missed due to its variable clinical manifestations and lack of diagnostic facilities in most areas of sub‐Saharan Africa. This report discusses two cases of parenchymal neurocysticercosis in Ghanaians who presented to the emergency unit of a District Hospital with adult‐onset seizures. The two cases highlight the need for a high index of suspicion and also underscore the important role of neuroimaging in the evaluation of patients presenting with adult‐onset seizures in neurocysticercosis endemic areas. This is necessary for prompt detection and initiation of appropriate therapy in order to improve prognosis.
Silicon‐Catalyzed Depolymerization of Polyethers: Pushing Scope, Practicability and Mechanistic Understanding
Authors: Ansmann Nils , Johann Kerstin , Favresse Philippe , Johann Tobias , Fiedel Michael , Greb Lutz
Published: January 2024

The depolymerization of polyethers is a sustainable yet challenging opportunity for a circular economy in materials processing. While we recently identified silicon Lewis superacids as promising catalysts for this transformation, limited scope (e. g., terminal OH groups not tolerated) and strict requirements for anhydrous conditions hampered wider applicability. In the present work, the impact of different polyether structures and reaction conditions were evaluated. By doing so, the generality for structural variations was confirmed and substantial improvements made the depolymerization feasible for large‐scale applications under ambient conditions. Based on systematic experimental screenings, a refined mechanistic model of the depolymerization process is developed.
Anagostic Axial Interactions Inhibit Cross‐Coupling Catalytic Activity in Square Planar Pyridinophane Nickel Complexes
Authors: Bouley Bailey S. , Garvey Ian J. , Na Hanah , Byeong Chae Ju , Mirica Liviu M.
Published: January 2024

Herein, we report for the first time the use of the nitrogen‐based bidentate molecule [2.2]pyridinophane (N2) as a ligand for metal complexes. Additionally, its improved synthesis allows for electronic modification of the pyridine rings to access the new para‐dimethylamino‐[2.2]pyridinophane ligand (p‐NMe2N2). These ligands bind nickel in an analogous fashion to other pyridinophane ligands, completing the series of tetra‐, tri‐, and bidentate pyridinophane‐nickel complexes. The new compounds exhibit geometrically enforced C−H anagostic interactions between the ethylene bridge protons and the nickel center that are not present in other pyridinophane systems. These ethylene bridge groups also act as an unusual form of steric encumbrance, enforcing square planar geometries in ligand fields that would otherwise adopt tetrahedral structures. In addition, these anagostic interactions inhibit the catalytic performance in Csp3–Csp3 Kumada cross coupling reactions relative to other common bidentate N‐ligand platforms, possibly by preventing the formation of the 5‐coordinate oxidative addition intermediates.
Electrocatalytic Epoxidation of Cyclooctene on Surface Modified Ni Foam Using Water as Oxygen Source
Authors: Chandra Shubhadeep , Koul Adarsh , Zhang Jian , Seisel Sabine , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: January 2024

Electrochemical epoxidation of olefins using water as an oxygen atom source is emerging as an alternative approach for an atom economic and sustainable method towards a highly selective synthesis of epoxides. We report an electrochemical procedure for epoxidation of cyclooctene using water as the sole oxygen atom source over a sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) modified nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)2 catalyst directly grown on Ni foam. The SDS modification facilitates the mass transfer of cyclooctene towards the anode, thus achieving a 2.5‐fold higher conversion with more than 90 % selectivity towards the corresponding epoxide compared with pure Ni(OH)2 catalyst.