bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Dissection of a Key Reproductive Barrier Between Nascent Species of House Mice
Authors: White Michael A , Steffy Brian , Wiltshire Tim , Payseur Bret A
Published: July 2011

Reproductive isolation between species is often caused by deleterious interactions among loci in hybrids. Finding the genes involved in these incompatibilities provides insight into the mechanisms of speciation. With recently diverged subspecies, house mice provide a powerful system for understanding the genetics of reproductive isolation early in the speciation process. Although previous studies have yielded important clues about the genetics of hybrid male sterility in house mice, they have been restricted to F1 sterility or incompatibilities involving the X chromosome. To provide a more complete characterization of this key reproductive barrier, we conducted an F2 intercross between wild-derived inbred strains from two subspecies of house mice, Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus. We identified a suite of autosomal and X-linked QTL that underlie measures of hybrid male sterility, including testis weight, sperm density, and sperm morphology. In many cases, the autosomal loci were unique to a specific sterility trait and exhibited an effect only when homozygous, underscoring the importance of examining reproductive barriers beyond the F1 generation. We also found novel two-locus incompatibilities between the M. m. musculus X chromosome and M. m. domesticus autosomal alleles. Our results reveal a complex genetic architecture for hybrid male sterility and suggest a prominent role for reproductive barriers in advanced generations in maintaining subspecies integrity in house mice.
Multi-objective optimization for conjunctive placement of hydraulic and water quality sensors in water distribution systems
Authors: Preis Ami , Whittle Andrew , Ostfeld Avi
Published: July 2011

Near real-time continuous monitoring systems have been proposed as a promising approach for enhancing drinking water utilities detect and respond efficiently to threats on water distribution systems. Water quality sensors are aimed at revealing contamination intrusions, while hydraulic pressure and flow sensors are utilized for estimating the hydraulic system state. To date optimization models for placing sensors in water distribution systems are targeting separately water quality and hydraulic sensor network goals. Deploying two independent sensor networks within one distribution system is expensive to install and maintain. It might thus be beneficial to consider mutual sensor locations having dual hydraulic and water quality monitoring capabilities (i.e. sensor nodes which collect both hydraulic and water quality data at the same locations). In this study a multi-objective sensor network placement model for conjunctive monitoring of hydraulic and water quality data is developed and demonstrated using the multi-objective non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm NSGA II methodology. Two water distribution systems of increasing complexity are explored showing tradeoffs between hydraulic and water quality sensor location objectives. The proposed method provides a new tool for sensor placements.
Innovative approach of joining hybrid components
Authors: Roesner Andreas , Scheik Sven , Olowinsky Alexander , Gillner Arnold , Poprawe Reinhart , Schleser Markus , Reisgen Uwe
Published: July 2011

Joining of dissimilar materials is gaining more and more importance especially in the automotive industry. The latest international initiatives concerning the average fleet CO2-emissions are forcing manufacturers to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust gas output. This can mainly be achieved by reducing the weight of the vehicles. New methods for weight optimization have been enabled by material selections adapted to local strength requirements. While plastics are characterized by low density, low price, and literally unlimited shaping, metals can withstand distinctly higher mechanical loads. Hybrid components combine the contradictory characteristics of plastics and metal and thus can lead to advantageous construction part properties. As a result, light and concomitantly stiff components can be produced. The need for joining these dissimilar materials without using additional material such as adhesives or primers is a central challenge. A new approach to overcome the problems of state-of-the-art technologies is using laser radiation to ablate the metal surface in order to create microstructures with undercut grooves. When the above placed plastic is melted with laser radiation or induction joining, the material expands into these structures through external clamping pressure and after setting the joining results due to microclamping. In this paper, the influence of different microstructure geometries and the process parameters of this innovative approach are presented and discussed in detail.
An Investigation into the Elements of the International English Language Testing System: Instructors' Success
Authors: Ghaemi Hamed , Kargozari Hamid
Published: July 2011

An Investigation into the Elements of the International English Language Testing System: Instructors' Success

Educating for a more sustainable future in its broadest sense includes improving quality basic education, reorienting education to address sustainability, improving public awareness and providing training to many sectors of society. In order to reorient teacher education to address sustainability, we need to examine the major tenets of sustainable development and apply them to education and teacher education. This study reports on an exploratory study into the distinctive characteristics of International English Language Testing System (IELTS) instructors. Six IELTS instruction institutes in Iran were selected. Totally, there were 122 students studying IELTS, distributed in 18 classes available in these institutes, and 15 teachers were teaching IELTS preparation courses there. All 18 classes were videotaped to be used and analysed in more detail. In addition, three questionnaires were developed for the purpose of identifying the most frequently occurring practices and strategies. The questionnaires were filled in by researchers, students and the teachers themselves. The results of the study demonstrated that knowledge and command of the target language, an ability to organize, explain, clarify, arouse, sustain interest and motivation among students, fairness to students by showing neither favouritism nor prejudice and availability to students were among the most significant characteristics and qualities of a successful IELTS instructor.
Dancers With Achilles Tendinopathy Demonstrate Altered Lower Extremity Takeoff Kinematics
Authors: Kulig Kornelia , Loudon Janice K. , Popovich John M. , Pollard Christine D. , Winder Brooke R.
Published: July 2011

Study design

Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design.

Objectives

To analyze lower extremity kinematics during takeoff of a “saut de chat” (leap) in dancers with and without a history of Achilles tendinopathy (AT). We hypothesized that dancers with AT would demonstrate different kinematic strategies compared to dancers without pathology, and that these differences would be prominent in the transverse and frontal planes.

Background

AT is a common injury experienced by dancers. Dance leaps such as the saut de chat place a large demand on the Achilles tendon.

Methods

Sixteen female dancers with and without a history of AT (mean ± SD age, 18.8 ± 1.2 years) participated. Three-dimensional kinematics at the hip, knee, and ankle were quantified for the takeoff of the saut de chat, using a motion analysis system. A force platform was used to determine braking and push-off phases of takeoff. Peak sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane joint positions during the braking and push-off phases of the takeoff were examined statistically. Independent samples t tests were used to evaluate group differences (α = .05).

Results

The dancers in the tendinopathy group demonstrated significantly higher peak hip adduction during the braking phase of takeoff (mean ± SD, 13.5° ± 6.1° versus 7.7° ± 4.2°; P = .046). During the push-off phase, dancers with AT demonstrated significantly more internal rotation at the knee (13.2° ± 5.2° versus 6.9° ± 4.9°; P = .024).

Conclusion

Dancers with AT demonstrate increased peak transverse and frontal plane kinematics when performing the takeoff of a saut de chat. These larger displacements may be either causative or compensatory factors in the development of AT. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(8):606–613, Epub 12 July 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3580
Fundamental Theorems for the Log Minimal Model Program
Authors: Fujino Osamu
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we prove the cone theorem and the contraction theorem for pairs

(X, B)

, where

X

is a normal variety and

B

is an effective

\mathbb R

-divisor on

X

such that

K_X+B

is

\mathbb R

-Cartier.
Effects of elevated CO2 and water stress on the adaptation of stomata and gas exchange in leaves of eggplants (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Sarker Bikash C , Hara Michihiro
Published: July 2011

Effects and possible interaction of elevated CO2 and water stress on the stomatal morphology and the pattern of gas exchange in leaves of eggplants (Solanum melongena L. cv. Senryo No. 2) were investigated. Sedlings were grown to maturity in controlled growth chamber using ambient CO2 (365~370 ppm) and elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and at frequent watering as control and watering after every 21 days for simulating periodic water stress and recovery from stress. A complementary acclimatisation of photosynthesis in water stressed eggplants grown under elevated CO2 was evident. Despite decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under elevated CO2 conditions, increased net leaf photosynthesis rate was observed. Stomatal length and width decreased under water stress and increased CO2.Key words: Water stress; Adaptation; Eggplant; Gas exchange; Stomatal density; Transpiration rateDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i1.7985 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(1): 1-8, 2011 (June)
Understanding the Molecular Circuitry of Cell Lineage Specification in the Early Mouse Embryo
Authors: Bergsmedh Anna , Donohoe Mary E. , Hughes Rebecca-Ayme , Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina
Published: July 2011

Pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. However, critical to understanding and exploiting mechanisms of cell lineage specification, epigenetic reprogramming, and the optimal environment for maintaining and differentiating pluripotent stem cells is a fundamental knowledge of how these events occur in normal embryogenesis. The early mouse embryo has provided an excellent model to interrogate events crucial in cell lineage commitment and plasticity, as well as for embryo-derived lineage-specific stem cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Here we provide an overview of cell lineage specification in the early (preimplantation) mouse embryo focusing on the transcriptional circuitry and epigenetic marks necessary for successive differentiation events leading to the formation of the blastocyst.
Rapid Detection and Identification of Overdose Drugs in Saliva by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Using Fused Gold Colloids
Authors: Farquharson Stuart , Shende Chetan , Sengupta Atanu , Huang Hermes , Inscore Frank
Published: July 2011

The number of drug-related emergency room visits in the United States doubled from 2004 to 2009 to 4.6 million. Consequently there is a critical need to rapidly identify the offending drug(s), so that the appropriate medical care can be administered. In an effort to meet this need we have been investigating the ability of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect and identify numerous drugs in saliva at ng/mL concentrations within 10 minutes. Identification is provided by matching measured spectra to a SERS library comprised of over 150 different drugs, each of which possess a unique spectrum. Trace detection is provided by fused gold colloids trapped within a porous glass matrix that generate SERS. Speed is provided by a syringe-driven sample system that uses a solid-phase extraction capillary combined with a SERS-active capillary in series. Spectral collection is provided by a portable Raman analyzer. Here we describe successful measurement of representative illicit, prescribed, and over-the-counter drugs by SERS, and 50 ng/mL cocaine in saliva as part of a focused study.
Mirror Symmetry Is Subject to Crowding
Authors: Roddy Gabrielle , Gurnsey Rick
Published: July 2011

Mirror symmetry is often thought to be particularly salient to human observers because it engages specialized mechanisms that evolved to sense symmetrical objects in nature. Although symmetry is indeed present in many of our artifacts and markings on wildlife, studies have shown that sensitivity to mirror symmetry does not serve an alerting function and sensitivity to symmetry decreases in a rather unremarkable way when it is presented away from the centre of the visual field. Here we show that symmetrical targets are vulnerable to the same interference as other stimuli when surrounded by non-target elements. These results provide further evidence that symmetry is not special to the early visual system, and reinforce the notion that our fascination with symmetry is more likely attributable to cognitive and aesthetic factors than to specialized, low level mechanisms in the visual system.
L’écrit
Authors: Minyana Philippe
Published: July 2011

Three major periods are striking in Philippe Minyana’s theatre: during the 1980s the importance given to logorrhea, maximalism and monologue; during the 1990s the switchover to minimalism and the appearance of the fragment and the segment; and, finally, the year 2000 saw a return to the first name and a dive into the surreal. It’s all his conception of dramatic writing that appears: the importance given to form, and the possible change to the narrative format.
L’après-ville
Authors: Robin Régine
Published: July 2011

Cette communication veut examiner ce que Rem Koolhaas appelle les « villes génériques » et voir comment le fonctionnalisme des années 1950-1960 a transformé les mégapoles, désormais toutes hétérogènes, toutes faites d’un mélange de vieux centres historiques plus ou moins retapés et d’expansions infinies aux styles variés. Dans ce cadre, on peut s’interroger sur l’évolution de l’urbanisme parisien sans céder à la nostalgie. Face lumineuse, face sombre des mégapoles ! Ce qu’il nous faut, c’est une révolution du regard.
Transmisión intergeneracional de capital religioso’. Datos de España
Authors: Brañas-Garza Pablo , García-Muñoz Teresa , Neuman Shoshana
Published: July 2011

En este estudio se examina la transmisión inter-generacional de capital religioso de padres a hijos, bajo un esquema de producción de ‘religiosidad’ donde los inputs parentales sirven como factores de producción. la base de datos utilizada está basada en una encuesta realizada en España en 1998. Se dispone de información sobre la afiliación religiosa del individuo y sus padres, la asistencia a misa y la oración del individuo (actualmente) y la asistencia a la iglesia de la madre y el padre y del propio individuo cuando este era niño (a los 12 años). Encontramos que los inputs religiosos parentales afectan de manera significativa a la religiosidad individual, pero la vía de transmisión inter-generacional es de madre a hija y de padre a hijo. Sorprendentemente, la participación actual en actividades religiosas está más afectada por las características religiosas parentales que por la propia actividad religiosa durante la infancia.
Un codice arabo in caratteri ebraici dalla Trapani degli Abbate (Vat. ebr. 358)
Authors: Mandalà Giuseppe
Published: July 2011

El manuscrito Vat. ebr. 358 contiene el texto árabe escrito en caracteres hebreos de los apartados VI-X de la primera parte del Kitāb kāmil al-ṣinā ͑a al-ṭibbiyya (‘El libro perfecto del arte medico’). Esta última es la enciclopedia médica compuesta antes de 367/977-978 por ͑Alī ibn al- ͑Abbās al-Majūsī (m. 384/994 [?]). En el presente artículo se apunta, por primera vez, al lugar de producción del manuscrito, Trapani (Ṭrābaniš) en Sicilia. La ciudad aparece mencionada explícitamente en el colofón del manuscrito copiado el 26 de adar 5053 (13 de marzo 1293). Con este artículo se pretende contribuir al estudio de la circulación del conocimiento médico árabe entre los judíos sicilianos durante los siglos XII a XV.
Judíos de Belchite en el denominado «Libro de la escribanía de don Federico de Aragón, conde de Luna» (1422-1425)
Authors: Aparici Martí Joaquín
Published: July 2011

La ausencia de fuentes documentales locales no había permitido hasta ahora conocer con algún detalle la comunidad judía de Belchite situada en el Bajo Aragón. Con ayuda de un manuscrito que contiene un manual ordinario del notario Pere Capdevila, inicialmente atribuido a una inexistente «escribanía de Federico de Aragón, conde de Luna», conservado en el Archivo Histórico Municipal de Segorbe (Castellón), el autor logra documentar aspectos biográficos y las actividades de judíos que vivían en esta localidad aragonesa en la década de 1420. Algunos de estos judíos aparecen mencionados por el poeta Šelomó Bonafed, que años más tarde se asienta en Belchite.
Medicina e política em dois físicos judeus portugueses de Hamburgo: Rodrigo de Castro e o Medicus Politicus (1614), e Manuel Bocarro Rosales e o Status Astrologicus (1644)
Authors: Veiga Frade Florbela , Neves Silva Sandra
Published: July 2011

Desde fines del siglo XVI Hamburgo recibió una constelación de distinguidos médicos portugueses que se integran dentro de la comunidad judía de origen ibérico. En este artículo se examina la contribución intelectual y las implicaciones políticas de las obras de dos de ellos, Rodrigo de Castro (1546-1627), autor de un importante tratado ginecológico, y Manuel Bocarro Rosales (ca. 1588-1662/8?), que escribe varias obras sobre astronomía y astrología de contenido político-mesiánico.
Sefarad ¿la «patria» de los sefardíes?
Authors: Romeu Ferré Pilar
Published: July 2011

A lo largo del siglo XX y en lo que va del XXI se han publicado en diferentes países centenares de libros de memorias, novelas autobiográficas y testimonios de historia oral de judíos sefardíes. Tema recurrente en su discurso es la reflexión acerca de cuál sea su «patria». En este estudio analizamos qué nos dicen al respecto y cuál consideran ellos su «patria».
Firmas y rúbricas de judeoconversos de la compañía de arrendadores Coronel-Alcalá
Authors: De la Peña Barroso Efrén
Published: July 2011

Pese a que los miembros judeoconversos de la compañía de arrendadores Coronel-Alcalá tuvieron una singular relevancia en la Castilla de finales del siglo XV, aún no había sido publicado ningún documento con sus firmas y rúbricas. El trabajo sobre diferentes fondos archivísticos ha permitido al autor de este artículo estudiar los signos de validación, verdaderas marcas de identidad, utilizados por algunos de sus miembros en sus operaciones financieras.
La sinagoga del Tránsito en la edad moderna: abandono, mantenimiento, restauración
Authors: Cadiñanos Bardecí Inocencio
Published: July 2011

Poco después de 1492, la sinagoga (a posteriori denominada) del «Tránsito» (de Nuestra Señora) fue convertida en iglesia del priorato de San Benito de la orden de Calatrava, pasando a ser archivo de las órdenes de Calatrava y Alcántara. Pese a su conocido valor artístico, la historia del monumento durante la Edad Moderna es aún desconocida en gran medida. Basándose en documentación conservada en el archivo de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando y en el fondo de Órdenes Militares del Archivo Histórico Nacional, el autor repasa en este artículo el proceso de mantenimiento y restauración del monumento, cuyo emplazamiento y uso como iglesia y archivo evitaron su abandono y ruina.
Barley and triticale underseeded with a kura clover living mulch: Effects on weed pressure, disease incidence, silage yield, and forage quality
Authors: Kosinski S. M. , King J. R. , Harker K. N. , Turkington T. K. , Spaner D.
Published: July 2011

Kosinski, S. M., King, J. R., Harker, K. N., Turkington, T. K. and Spaner, D. 2011. Barley and triticale underseeded with a kura clover living mulch: Effects on weed pressure, disease incidence, silage yield, and forage quality. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 677–687. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of seeding barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and triticale (×Triticosecale wittmack) into a living mulch of kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) on weed pressure, barley leaf disease levels, silage yield, and forage quality. Field studies were conducted at two locations in the Parkland region of Alberta, Canada, in 2006 and 2007. Barley and triticale were seeded, at three different soil nitrogen levels, into an established living mulch of kura clover that was either unsuppressed or chemically suppressed with glyphosate at 0.41 kg a.i. ha−1prior to cereal seeding. Barley and triticale sole crops were also included for comparison. The presence of the suppressed and unsuppressed kura clover living mulches significantly decreased weed pressure in 2007 and barley leaf disease incidence in 2006 and 2007. Silage DM yield of the cereal sole crops ranged from 5.18 to 7.02 Mg ha−1, compared with yields of 4.57 to 5.21 Mg ha−1from the unsuppressed living mulch treatments and from 3.95 to 6.00 Mg ha−1from the suppressed living mulch treatments. The kura clover increased the relative feed value of the silage. Based on these results, there is the potential for a suppressed kura clover living mulch to be utilized for cereal silage production in Alberta.
Oat mega-environments and test-locations in Quebec
Authors: Yan Weikai , Pageau Denis , Frégeau-Reid Judith , Lajeunesse Julie , Goulet Jean , Durand Julie , Marois Denis
Published: July 2011

Yan, W., Pageau, D., Frégeau-Reid, J., Lajeunesse, J., Goulet, J., Durand, J. and Marois, D. 2011. Oat mega-environments and test-locations in Quebec. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 643–649. The Quebec agricultural regions have traditionally been divided into three zones. Zone 1 includes the small, southern most regions in the Montreal plain, zone 3 includes the large, discontinuous northern regions spreading from the west to the east of the province, and zone 2 includes areas between zone 1 and zone 3. Genotypic main effect (G) plus genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis of the yield data from the Quebec Oat Registration and Recommendation trials during 2006–2009 revealed that the Quebec oat-growing regions can be divided into two distinct mega-environments: the small zone 1 region and the much larger zone 2 plus zone 3 regions. Due to the large genotype by mega-environment interactions, cultivar evaluation and recommendation must be conducted specifically to each mega-environment. However, a zone 3 test location, La Pocatière, consistently behaved like a zone 1 location in terms of cultivar ranking. Therefore, La Pocatière cannot be used to represent the zone 3 region, and cultivar recommendation for the regions represented by this location should be based on data from this location plus the zone 1 locations. In addition, climatic and soil data were examined in an attempt to explain this observation. The methodology adopted in this work may be of value to similar studies for other crops and in other regions.
Above-ground net primary production of plains rough fescue [Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper] after a single defoliation on five landform elements
Authors: Pantel A. , Romo J. T. , Bai Y.
Published: July 2011

Pantel, A., Romo, J. T. and Bai, Y. 2011. Above-ground net primary production of plains rough fescue [ Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper] after a single defoliation on five landform elements. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 689–696. Above-ground net primary production (ANPP) was determined for plains rough fescue [Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper] following a single defoliation to 7.5 cm stubble height on five landform elements in the Northern Mixed Prairie. The landform elements included north aspect-concave slopes, north aspect-convex slopes, south aspect-concave slopes, south aspect-convex slopes, and level uplands. Above-ground net primary production was determined for 2 yr after defoliating plants in May through November. Above-ground net primary production after defoliation was not dependent on landform elements in the first (P=0.23) and second years (P=0.22) after defoliation. In the first year after June through September defoliation, ANPP was reduced 29 to 41% (P <0.01), whereas May, October, or November defoliation had no significant effect on ANPP. Above-ground net primary production did not vary significantly (P=0.61) among months of defoliation in the second year after defoliation. Less ANPP in the first year after June through September defoliation indicates the need for ≥1 yr of deferred use to allow plants to regain their production potential. Unaffected ANPP after May, October, or November defoliation suggests plains rough fescue can be grazed annually. Recuperation of ANPP after defoliation depends on the month of the year in which plains rough fescue is defoliated, but not on landform elements in the Northern Mixed Prairie.
Structural equation modeling in the plant sciences: An example using yield components in oat
Authors: Lamb Eric , Shirtliffe Steven , May William
Published: July 2011

Lamb, E. G., Shirtliffe, S. J. and May, W. E. 2011. Structural equation modeling in the plant sciences: An example using yield components in oat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 603–619. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a powerful statistical approach for the analysis of complex intercorrelated data with a wide range of potential applications in the plant sciences. In this paper we introduce plant scientists to the principles and practice of SEM using as an example an agronomic field trial. We briefly review the history of SEM and path analysis and introduce the statistical concepts underlying SEM. We demonstrate the use of observed and latent variable structural equation models using a multi-site multi-year field trial examining the effects of seed size and seeding density on the plant density and yield of oat in Saskatchewan. Using SEM allowed for insights that a standard univariate analysis would not have revealed. We show that seeding density has strong effects on plant and panicle density, but has very limited effects on final yield. Plant density has a consistent non-linear effect on panicle density across location that was not affected by precipitation. In contrast, the implicit effect of precipitation on seed number appears to be the main driver for final yield. Incorporating precipitation data into the model demonstrates how mechanistic models can be developed by including in the path diagram variables that would normally treated as random factors in a mixed model analysis. Finally, we provide a guideline to assist plant scientists in determining whether SEM is an appropriate method to be used for the analysis of their data.
Transport of phosphorus and nitrogen in surface runoff in a corn silage system: Paired watershed methodology and calibration period results
Authors: Jokela William , Casler Michael
Published: July 2011

Jokela, W. E and Casler, M. D. 2011. Transport of phosphorus and nitrogen in surface runoff in a corn silage system: Paired watershed methodology and calibration period results. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 479–491. Transport of P, N, and sediment via runoff from crop fields, especially where manure has been applied, can contribute to eutrophication and degradation of surface waters. We established a paired-watershed field site to evaluate surface runoff losses of nutrients and sediment from different manure/crop/tillage management systems for silage corn production. During the 2-yr calibration period the four 1.6-ha watersheds, or fields, were treated identically with fall dairy manure application and chisel plowing, and runoff was monitored, sampled, and analyzed for suspended sediment (SS) and total and dissolved forms of P and N. That management was maintained as a control in one watershed, while alternative management systems were initiated on the three treatment fields. During the calibration period both concentrations and loads of SS and total and dissolved P and N varied by field and over 50% of runoff and dissolved P and N was from snowmelt runoff. Linear regressions of treatment fields against the control field were highly significant for runoff and concentrations and loads of all constituents. The estimated minimum detectable change (difference between means) was 10 to 30% for most parameters, suggesting a reasonable probability of success in detecting change in the treatment period.
Noetherian loop spaces
Authors: Castellana Natàlia , Crespo Juan A. , Scherer Jérôme
Published: July 2011

The class of loop spaces of which the mod

p

cohomology is Noetherian is much larger than the class of

p

-compact groups (for which the mod

p

cohomology is required to be finite). It contains Eilenberg-Mac Lane spaces such as

\mathbb C P^\infty

and

3

-connected covers of compact Lie groups. We study the cohomology of the classifying space

BX

of such an object and prove it is as small as expected, that is, comparable to that of

B\mathbb C P^\infty

. We also show that

BX

differs basically from the classifying space of a

p

-compact group in a single homotopy group. This applies in particular to

4

-connected covers of classifying spaces of compact Lie groups and sheds new light on how the cohomology of such an object looks like.
Vertical and longitudinal gradients in HNA-LNA cell abundances and cytometric characteristics in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Van Wambeke F. , Catala P. , Pujo-Pay M. , Lebaron P.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Heterotrophic bacterioplankton abundance and production were investigated with depth (down to bathypelagic layers) and with longitude (from 4.9° E to 32.7° E) along a cruise track across the Mediterranean Sea in early summer 2008. Abundances and flow cytometric characteristics (green fluorescence and side scatter signals) of high nucleic acid (HNA) and low nucleic acid (LNA) bacterial cells were determined using flow cytometry. Contrary to what is generally observed, the relative importance of HNA cells, as a percent of total cells, (%HNA, range 30–69 %) was inversely related to bacterial production (range 0.15–44 ng C l−1 h−1) although the negative relation was weak (log–log regression r2=0.19). The %HNA as well as the mean side scatter of HNA group increased significantly with depth in the meso and bathypelagic layers. Vertical stratification played an important role in influencing the distribution and characteristics of bacterial cells especially with regard to layers located above, within or below the deep chlorophyll maximum. Within a given layer, the relationships between the flow cytometric characteristics and environmental variables such as chlorophyll-a, nutrients or bacterial production changed. Overall, the relationships between HNA and LNA cells and environmental parameters differed vertically more than longitudinally.
Implications of the permanent El Niño teleconnection "blueprint" for past global and North American hydroclimatology
Authors: Goldner A. , Huber M. , Diffenbaugh N. , Caballero R.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Substantial evidence exists for wetter-than-modern continental conditions in North America during the pre-Quaternary warm climate intervals. This is in apparent conflict with the robust global prediction for future climate change of a northward expansion of the subtropical dry zones that should drive aridification of many semiarid regions. Indeed, areas of expected future aridification include much of western North America, where extensive paleoenvironmental records are documented to have been much wetter before the onset of Quaternary ice ages. It has also been proposed that climates previous to the Quaternary may have been characterized as being in a state with warmer-than-modern eastern equatorial sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Because equatorial Pacific SSTs exert strong controls on midlatitude atmospheric circulation and the global hydrologic cycle, the teleconnected response from this permanent El Niño-like mean state has been proposed as a useful analogue model, or "blueprint", for understanding global climatological anomalies in the past. The present study quantitatively explores the implications of this blueprint for past climates with a specific focus on the Miocene and Pliocene, using a global climate model (CAM3.0) and a nested high-resolution climate model (RegCM3) to study the hydrologic impacts on global and North American climate of a change in mean SSTs resembling that which occurs during modern El Niño events. We find that the global circulation response to a permanent El Niño resembles a large, long El Niño event. This state also exhibits equatorial super-rotation, which would represent a fundamental change to the tropical circulations. We also find a southward shift in winter storm tracks in the Pacific and Atlantic, which affects precipitation and temperature over the mid-latitudes. In addition, summertime precipitation increases over the majority of the continental United States. These increases in precipitation are controlled by shifts in the subtropical jet and secondary atmospheric feedbacks. Based on these results and the data proxy comparison, we conclude that a permanent El Niño like state is one potential explanation of wetter-than-modern conditions observed in paleoclimate-proxy records, particularly over the western United States.
Development of streamflow projections under changing climate conditions over Colorado River basin headwaters
Authors: Miller W. P. , Piechota T. C. , Gangopadhyay S. , Pruitt T.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. The current drought over the Colorado River Basin has raised concerns that the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) may impose water shortages over the lower portion of the basin for the first time in history. The guidelines that determine levels of shortage are affected by relatively short-term (3 to 7 month) forecasts determined by the Colorado Basin River Forecast Center (CBRFC) using the National Weather Service (NWS) River Forecasting System (RFS) hydrologic model. While these forecasts by the CBRFC are useful, water managers within the basin are interested in long-term projections of streamflow, particularly under changing climate conditions. In this study, a bias-corrected, statistically downscaled dataset of projected climate is used to force the NWS RFS utilized by the CBRFC to derive projections of streamflow over the Green, Gunnison, and San Juan River headwater basins located within the Colorado River Basin. This study evaluates the impact of changing climate to evapotranspiration rates and contributes to a better understanding of how hydrologic processes change under varying climate conditions. The impact to evapotranspiration rates is taken into consideration and incorporated into the development of streamflow projections over Colorado River headwater basins in this study. Additionally, the NWS RFS is modified to account for impacts to evapotranspiration due to changing temperature over the basin. Adjusting evapotranspiration demands resulted in a 6 % to 13 % average decrease in runoff over the Gunnison River Basin when compared to static evapotranspiration rates. Streamflow projections derived using projections of future climate and the NWS RFS provided by the CBRFC resulted in decreased runoff in 2 of the 3 basins considered. Over the Gunnison and San Juan River basins, a 10 % to 15 % average decrease in basin runoff is projected through the year 2099. However, over the Green River basin, a 5 % to 8 % increase in basin runoff is projected through 2099. Evidence of nonstationary behavior is apparent over the Gunnison and San Juan River basins.
Flexible Ahmed Valve for Selected Cases of Refractory Glaucoma
Authors: Mokbel Tharwat H. , Khalaf Mohamed A. , El-Khouly Sherief E. , El-Metwally Nasser O.
Published: July 2011

Purpose

Glaucoma drainage implants are a useful alternative in treating glaucomas that are resistant to medical therapy and conventional glaucoma filtration surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate flexible Ahmed glaucoma valve implant for selected cases of refractory glaucoma regarding its efficiency in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible postoperative complications of its implantation and their management.

Method

Patients included in this study were selected from patients with uncontrolled IOP by conventional filtration surgery as well as maximum tolerable topical medical treatment when surgery or laser is unlikely to control IOP. For every patient, complete history of age, sex, and history of previous ocular disease was done. Ocular examination for IOP measurement, best-corrected visual acuity measurement, and condition of conjunctiva was done. Ahmed glaucoma valve flexible plate implant (FP7 and FP8) was used.

Results

The present study included 40 eyes of 40 patients and preoperative IOP ranged from 32 mmHg to 58 mmHg with a mean of 40.36 ± 7.78 mmHg. The postoperative IOP ranged between 14.0 mmHg and 28.0 mmHg with a mean of 18.73 ± 4.8 mmHg. The criteria of success were applied in 37 eyes of 40 eyes (92.5%); they included 30 eyes (81.8%) with absolute success and 7 eyes (18.9%) with partial success.

Conclusions

Flexible Ahmed glaucoma valve plate implant is a satisfactory method for controlling elevated IOP in cases of refractory glaucoma with success rate of 92.5% and lower incidence of immediate postoperative and implant-related complications.
Fundus autofluorescence patterns in type 2A idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis
Authors: Chhablani Jay Kumar , Narayanan Raja
Published: July 2011

Purpose

To describe fundus autofluorescence (FAF) patterns in patients with type 2A idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasia (IJRT).

Methods

We reviewed FAF images, color photographs, and fluorescein angiography (FA) images of 30 eyes from 16 patients with type 2A IJRT. Eyes with presence of subretinal neovascularization or any other retinal pathology were excluded. All the imaging modalities were obtained with a Heidelberg Retina Angiograph (HRA) confocal laser scanning system.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 50.7 years, 68.5% female. At baseline, the median best-corrected visual acuity was 20/50. Loss of normal foveal hypoautofluorescence was noted in 93.3% of eyes. All the eyes showed hypoautofluorescence corresponding to intraretinal crystals and pigment clumps. Increased FAF around the pigments was noted in 93.3% of eyes. Increased FAF corresponding to the angiographic leakage from telangiectatic and nontelangiectatic areas was noted in 86.6% of eyes and 80% of eyes, respectively.

Conclusions

Loss of foveal hypoautofluorescence and increased FAF corresponding to the nontelangiectatic angiographic leakage areas were predominant features. Fundus autofluorescence patterns corresponding to color photography and FA findings may further add to the understanding of morphologic alterations in type 2A nonproliferative IJRT at early stages.
Identification of Risk Factors for Catheter-Related Thrombosis in Patients with Totally Implantable Venous Access Ports in the Forearm
Authors: Goltz Jan P. , Schmid Jan S. , Ritter Christian O. , Knödler Pascal , Petritsch Bernhard , Kirchner Johannes , Hahn Dietbert , Kickuth Ralph
Published: July 2011

Purpose

To identify risk factors for the development of catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in patients with totally implant-able venous access ports (TIVAP) in the forearm, and to analyze the effect of prophylaxis and treatment.

Methods

We retrospectively identified 200 patients (94 men, 106 women, mean age 57.7 +/-14 y) with TIVAP implantation in the forearm between 3/2010 and 11/2010. Type, number of punctures and sonographically defined diameter of the accessed vein were analyzed. Chemotherapy administered prior to the implantation procedure and history of thrombo-embolic events were assessed. Thrombo-embolic prophylaxis (TEP) following port implantation and treatment as well as course of CRT were analyzed.

Results

Twenty-one patients (10.5%) were diagnosed with CRT. Accessed vessels and mean diameter were basilic (n=150, 3.7 mm), brachial (n=39, 3.5 mm) and cephalic (n=11, 3.5 mm) vein. Neither type nor vessel diameter had effect on CRT development (P>.05). Implantation in the left forearm resulted in a significantly higher rate of CRT (P=.04). Ninety-five patients (47.5%) received chemotherapy and 30 patients (15.0%) had a history of thrombosis prior to implantation; both had no effect on development of CRT. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was prescribed in 94/200 patients (47.0%) and had no effect on development of CRT (P>.05). Therapeutic anticoagulation with LMWH resulted in clinical improvement in 12/21 patients (57.4%).

Conclusions

TIVAPs of the forearm may be associated with a certain rate of early and late CRT. The simplest vein to puncture should be selected for vascular access. Thrombo-embolic prophylaxis appears to be rather ineffective for prevention of CRT.
Experimental study on the aerodynamic and separating characteristics of a novel tiny‐oil ignition cyclone burner for down‐fired utility boiler
Authors: Zhou Hao , Mo Guiyuan , Si Dongbo , Cen Kefa
Published: July 2011

A novel tiny‐oil ignition cyclone burner is presented in this paper. Such a burner is an improvement and modification of the cyclone burner of the Foster Wheeler (FW) Company. In order to reduce the oil consumption during the start up and low load operation of the W‐shaped flame pulverized coal‐fired utility boiler, tiny‐oil technology is introduced to the cyclone burner based on the design concept of staged ignition. This burner is employed in down‐fired boiler, with the advantages of burning low volatile coal more efficiently and reducing the oil consumption. Experiments are carried out to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics and the coal particle separation efficiency of the novel tiny‐oil ignition cyclone burner. The influence of the vent air damper opening on the performance of the cyclone is studied. The modifications and improvements on the novel tiny‐oil ignition cyclone burner produce no unfavorable influence on performance of vent air ratio and the separating efficiency. This burner has been employed for a 300‐MW down‐fired pulverized coal utility boiler in China, and the oil consumption reduces by 70% compared with the technology of FW Company. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Constrained Peptidomimetics Containing 2‐Oxo‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐4‐carboxylic Acids
Authors: Gentilucci Luca , Tolomelli Alessandra , De Marco Rossella , Tomasini Claudia , Feddersen Sören
Published: July 2011

Sulfonyl peptides containing a serine or threonine residue undergo cyclization with bis(succinimidyl) carbonate (DSC) and diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) to give peptides with a 2‐oxo‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐4‐carboxylate (Oxd) group, either in solution or in the solid phase. The position of the serine or threonine residue in the sequence is relatively unimportant. Under the same conditions, the corresponding Fmoc‐ or Boc‐peptides gave dehydration products, in agreement to previous studies. The protocol constitutes a valuable approach to the preparation of oxazolidinone‐containing peptides, which are a recently emerging class of constrained peptidomimetics. As a representative example, an Oxd analogue of the endogenous opioid peptide endomorphin‐1, characterized by an all‐trans conformation, was readily prepared.
Flow‐Injection Amperometric Method for Determination of Diclofenac in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Gimenes D. T. , de Freitas J. M. , Munoz R. A. A. , Richter E. M.
Published: July 2011

This paper describes the determination of diclofenac (DCF) in pharmaceutical formulations using flow injection method with multiple pulse amperometric detection. Unmodified boron‐doped diamond (BDD) is used as working electrode and 0.10 mol L−1 sulfuric acid as supporting electrolyte. The system exhibited sharp current response peaks and excellent stability of the analytical signal (RSD=1.0 %, n=10). The linear response range from 5 to 50 µmol L−1 was obtained by using an injected volume of 50 µL, with good correlation coefficient (R=0.998). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.14 and 0.46 µmol L−1, respectively. The sampling frequency was calculated about 135 injections h−1.
Glucose Biosensor Using Glucose Oxidase and Electrospun Mn2O3‐Ag Nanofibers
Authors: Huang Shan , Ding Yu , Liu Yixin , Su Liang , Filosa Raymond , Lei Yu
Published: July 2011

The highly porous Mn2O3‐Ag nanofibers were fabricated by a facile two‐step procedure (electrospinning and calcination). The structure and composition of the Mn2O3‐Ag nanofibers were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX and SAED. The as‐prepared Mn2O3‐Ag nanofibers were then employed as the immobilization matrix for glucose oxidase (GOD) to construct an amperometric glucose biosensor. The biosensor shows fast response to glucose, high sensitivity (40.60 µA mM−1 cm−2), low detection limit (1.73 µM at S/N=3), low Km,app value and excellent selectivity. These results indicate that the novel Mn2O3‐Ag nanfibers‐GOD composite has great potential application in oxygen‐reduction based glucose biosensing.
A first synthesis of 18F‐radiolabeled lapatinib: a potential tracer for positron emission tomographic imaging of ErbB1/ErbB2 tyrosine kinase activity
Authors: Basuli Falguni , Wu Haitao , Li Changhui , Shi Zhen‐Dan , Sulima Agnieszka , Griffiths Gary L.
Published: July 2011

Fluorine‐18‐labeled lapatinib has been successfully synthesized for the first time by the reaction of a dimethylformamide solution of meta‐[18F]fluorobenzylbromide with a Boc‐protected lapatinib precursor fragment. The reaction proceeded in the presence of K2CO3 at 110 °C for 10 min in a microwave and was followed by Boc‐group deprotection with trifluoroacetic acid. The overall radiochemical yield of the reaction starting from the radiofluorination of the iodonium salt was 8–12% (uncorrected, n = 6) in a 140‐min synthesis time.
Lopinavir/ritonavir resistance in patients infected with HIV‐1: two divergent resistance pathways?
Authors: Champenois Karen , Baras Agathe , Choisy Philippe , Ajana Faiza , Melliez Hughes , Bocket Laurence , Yazdanpanah Yazdan
Published: July 2011

The HIV‐1 protease L76V mutation has been described recently as conferring high‐level resistance to lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). The aim was to identify the factors and particularly protease mutations associated with the presence of L76V in treatment‐experienced patients infected with HIV‐1 who have failed virologically an LPV/r‐based antiretroviral therapy regimen. This is a retrospective exploratory study. Patients were eligible if they were in care at the Northern France AIDS reference center between 2000 and 2009, failed virologically an LPV/r‐based regimen, and infected with HIV‐1 strains carrying LPV/r‐resistant mutations (genotype resistance test after failure). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to compare LPV/r‐resistant patients infected with virus harboring the L76V mutation or not (L76Vpositive/L76Vnegative). Twelve patients with virus L76V positive were identified and compared to 24 patients with virus L76V negative selected at random. Demographic and clinical data were not different significantly between the two groups. In univariate analyses, of the mutations found in ≥10% of patients, L89M and Q58E were more prevalent in viruses L76V positive than L76V negative (L89M, 42% vs. 0%, P = 0.0007; Q58E, 50% vs. 25%, P = 0.1). In contrast, I54V, G73S and L90M were less prevalent in viruses L76V positive than L76V negative (I54V, 42% vs. 83%, P = 0.01; G73S, 0% vs. 33%, P = 0.02; L90M, 25% vs. 83%, P = 0.0006). L90M, I54V and Q58E were associated with L76V in a multivariate analysis (P < 0.0001, P = 0.002, and P = 0.008, respectively). These results suggest two divergent pathways leading to LPV/r resistance. One contains the L76V and Q58E mutations and the other contains the L90M and I54V mutations. J. Med. Virol. 83:1677–1681, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.