bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arquitectura y “Cognoscimiento” Los Fenómenos Interpretativos involucrados en el Aprendizaje de los Procesos Proyectuales
Authors: Masis Morales Adriana
Published: January 2018

En el campo de la Arquitectura, es común que las temáticas giren en torno a un proyecto (obra edificada o edificable), una intervención u otros objetos físicos y sus respectivos diseños, pues en la academia se tiende a inculcar que la labor del arquitecto está en dar soluciones a las  necesidades de la sociedad a través de obras edilicias. Esto nos ha conducido a sobrevalorar lo tangible y los resultados, por encima de lo metafísico y los procesos, de manera que en ocasiones los estudiantes visualizan su quehacer arquitectónico como un acto mecánico, meramente práctico y enfocado en la obtención de un producto, más que en el aprovechamiento del proyecto de diseño, como  herramienta de  aprendizaje. A raíz de esta inquietud, surge la idea de reivindicar la importancia de lo cognitivo, representado en este ensayo a través de los conceptos de: el asombro, la  experimentación y el compartir  descubrimientos, como un medio para dar valor a las inquietudes intelectuales de los futuros arquitectos y de esta manera estimular el emprendedurismo y el auto-cuestionamiento; generándose un cambio en el paradigma de ‘enseñar a través del método’, a ‘aprender a través de la experiencia’. Esto último quiere decir: dejar de visualizar el aprendizaje como una sucesión de lineamientos a satisfacer, para comenzar a fomentar el uso de valores cognitivos y vivenciales, ya que al  concientizarse sobre ellos se da un acercamiento más integral a las variables implícitas en el diseño y se aviva el rol de los estudiantes, los docentes y el sistema educativo como constructores de nuevos  conocimientos.
La función formativa de la evaluación en el trabajo escolar cotidiano
Authors: Segura Castillo Mario Alberto
Published: January 2018

La función formativa, cuyo propósito es regular el proceso educativo en el aula, es decir, el trabajo escolar cotidiano, el cual se integra a la intervención didáctica ya que está centrada en los procesos más que en los resultados de aprendizaje, por lo que la realimentación-proalimentación que se obtiene es de carácter cualitativo. Ello permite detectar las barreras de aprendizaje para el desarrollo de la mediación pedagógica del estudiantado. Se pretende en la presente investigación realizar una reflexión con la opinión de docentes del III Ciclo y Educación Diversificada del sistema educativo costarricense, con la finalidad de enriquecer la práctica evaluativa, con aspectos que hasta hoy no han sido importantes, tal es el caso de la función formativa que conlleva tomar en cuenta la diversidad desde procesos como la realimentación, proalimentación, la sostenibilidad de la evaluación y las barreras para el aprendizaje. Se concluye que el personal docente observado y posteriormente entrevistado aún no logra tener claridad sobre la forma en que se califica el componente de trabajo cotidiano.
Aportes de lectores y lectoras de tesis doctoral como mediación pedagógica en la formación de personas investigadoras
Authors: Torres Frías Jose De la Cruz , Moreno-Bayardo María Guadalupe , Jiménez-Mora José Margarito
Published: January 2018

Este documento se desprende de una investigación más amplia[1]. Su propósito es dar cuenta de la naturaleza del contenido de las intervenciones del personal lector académico y el papel que juega en la formación de personas investigadoras en doctorados en educación. Se trata de un estudio de caso múltiple que recupera 100 reportes escritos de 9 lectores y lectoras que laboran en tres doctorados en educación en el Centro-Occidente de México; la totalidad con grado de doctorado. Los reportes se analizaron con apoyo en principios del análisis de contenido. Los hallazgos dan cuenta de algunos rasgos del personal investigador, ciertas pistas del oficio como la de aportar conocimiento nuevo, explicitar el involucramiento personal con el objeto de estudio, atender la escritura académica, problematizar, articular, desplegar la vigilancia epistemológica, hacer afirmaciones con sustento, entre otras. Estos rasgos identificados, en cierto grado son reflejo del deber ser de la investigación que han internalizado los lectores y lectoras, quienes distan mucho de ser considerados como la voz de una normativa o manual de investigación. El papel lector va más allá, se trata de una verdadera mediación pedagógica para formar en investigación, no siempre valorada en su justa dimensión, porque existe personal académico que la realiza a la ligera, la usa para exhibir al estudiantado o criticar a los pares por motivos como el juego de posiciones de poder en un campo científico.[1] El título reportado de esta investigación es “El discurso de los lectores académicos como mediación para formar investigadores en el posgrado”.
The effectiveness of a parental guide for prevention of problematic video gaming in children: A public health randomized controlled intervention study
Authors: Krossbakken Elfrid , Torsheim Torbjørn , Mentzoni Rune Aune , King Daniel Luke , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Lorvik Ingjerd Meen , Pallesen Ståle
Published: January 2018

Background and aims

Excessive use of video games among children and adolescents is a growing concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a brief parental guide with advices and strategies for regulating video gaming in children.

Methods

A random sample of guardians of children between the age of 8–12 years old (N = 5,864) was drawn from the Norwegian Population Registry and equally randomized into an intervention and a control condition. A parental guide based on clinical and research literature was distributed by postal mail to those in the intervention condition. A 4-month follow-up survey comprising questions about problematic video gaming, gaming behavior, sleep activity, and parental video game regulation behavior was administered.

Results

Independent t-tests revealed no significant differences between the two conditions (N = 1,657, response rate 30.1%) on any outcome measure. An ANOVA with planned comparisons showed that respondents who reported that they had read and followed the parental guide reported more video game problems and used more parental mediation strategies than those who did not read and follow the guide.

Conclusions

We found no evidence for the effectiveness of the psychoeducational parental guide on preventing problematic video gaming in children. However, the guide was read and positively assessed by a significant proportion of guardians. Differences between those who studied the guide and those who did not may indicate that parental guides are better aimed at providing important information to those who already have problems rather than as a mean of primary prevention.
Promoting the Learning of Basic Sciences in a Changing Small-Group Learning Landscape. Interviews of tutors and students in a medical program
Authors: Gair Jane , Horton Graeme , Wojcik Sarah , Wong Alixandra
Published: January 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Tomorrow's medical graduate needs to be equipped today to be able to make sense of continued advancements in medical science and then apply these to the benefit of patents and communities. It is important that current methods of teaching and learning in medical programs such as problem-based learning are subject to critical evaluation as to whether they are fit for purpose, and many medical programs are questioning whether problem-based learning provides adequate grounding in basic science. In this context, we interviewed twelve tutors and four students of one distributed medical program in order to explore their views on what elements of PBL promoted understanding of basic science. Our participants reported that setting a clear agenda about basic science learning was crucial; that tutor preparation and guides needed to take account of different tutor backgrounds; particular styles of prompting and questioning from the tutor were valuable; and that students could benefit from being primed with key introductory concepts about how basic sciences related to each other prior to commencing PBL. These findings will be useful for medical curriculum developers who are seeking to innovate with their curriculum but wish to retain what may be currently most valuable by stakeholders.
Feeding and nutritional profiles of children at 12 months of age living in the western region of the city of São Paulo: The Procriar Project
Authors: SALDIVA Silvia Regina Dias Medici , BONINI Patrícia Gama , VENANCIO Sonia Isoyama , FRANCISCO Rossana Pulcineli Vieira , VIEIRA Sandra Elisabete
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the feeding profiles, nutritional statuses and influences of maternal characteristics on food consumption of infants at the end of the first year of life. Methods This is a cross-sectional study nested within a cohort of pregnant women that evaluated children with a mean age of 12.1 months. The weights and lengths were measured, and the body mass index was calculated. Food consumption was obtained through 24-hour recall and was assessed qualitatively. The outcomes studied dichotomously (yes/no) were overweight (body mass index ≥+2 Z-scores), consumption of foods considered unhealthy (i.e., sugar, petit suisse cheese, sandwich crackers, and soft drinks), consumption of fruits, legumes and vegetables and a minimum acceptable diet composed of minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency. Logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between maternal variables and the outcomes studied. Results A total of 254 infants were evaluated, of whom 10.7% were overweight. The majority of the infants did not receive a minimum acceptable diet (58.7%), 28.0% consumed petit suisse cheese and 42.0% received added sugar in their preparations. Mothers less than 20 years old or with more schooling were more likely to offer unhealthy foods to their children (.=0.03). Fruits, legumes and vegetables (consumption was higher among children of mothers over 20 years old (.=0.04). Conclusion The study revealed a high prevalence of overweight and an inadequacy of food consumption among children. The finding that adolescent mothers and/or mothers with more schooling tend to offer inadequate food to children may favor the definition of specific educational strategies.
Factors associated with protein consumption in elderly
Authors: GASPARETO Natália , PREVIDELLI Ágatha Nogueira , AQUINO Rita de Cássia de
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Objective We evaluated factors associated with protein consumption by the elderly. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study in a sample of 295 elderly consumers of health facilities in São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil. Protein consumption data (g and g/kg) were obtained through 24-hour dietary recalls, which was reapplied in a 30% sub-sample to estimate habitual consumption, with an interval of two weeks. The association between protein consumption and sociodemographic, economic, health, and dietary variables was tested using multiple linear regression. Results There was a positive association between protein consumption (g and g/kg) and better Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised, between protein consumption (g) and male sex, and a negative association between protein consumption (g/kg) and greater calf circumference. Higher average protein consumption (g or g/kg) was observed among married elderly, individuals with higher income and schooling, who were economically active, eutrophic, without dyslipidemia and symptoms of dysphagia, who consumed three main meals and an intermediate snack. Conclusion The results showed that protein consumption was associated with diet quality, sex, and calf circumference. The identification of elderly groups prone to protein inadequacy may direct individual and collective interventions to prevent muscle mass reduction and its implications, such as sarcopenia and other adverse outcomes.
Uma busca por questões de Física do ENEM potencialmente não reprodutoras das desigualdades socioeconômicas
Authors: Nascimento Matheus Monteiro , Cavalcanti Cláudio , Ostermann Fernanda
Published: January 2018

O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio é o segundo maior exame em larga escala do mundo. No Brasil, o desempenho dos alunos nessa prova é o critério de seleção para cursos em instituições de ensino superior públicas e privadas. A associação entre o desempenho dos estudantes e seu nível socioeconômico nos exames de larga escala é um fator conhecido desde o final da década de 60 por pesquisadores do campo educacional. Com isso, se fazem necessárias pesquisas que busquem encontrar alternativas para minimizar essa associação. Este trabalho apresenta, portanto, uma pesquisa que objetivou analisar as questões de Física do ENEM e encontrar exemplos de itens menos associados com o nível socioeconômico. A utilização de questões com esse perfil na prova do ENEM pode tornar essa seleção mais justa socialmente, afinal, os estudantes não seriam apenas selecionados pelo acúmulo de bens, mas por proficiência em determinada área do conhecimento. Para isso, foi realizada uma Análise Fatorial de Informação Completa (AFIC) do questionário a fim de melhor definir o nível socioeconômico dos alunos participantes do exame. Esse nível socioeconômico foi dividido em sete grupos diferentes que se formaram a partir de uma composição bivariada de capitais econômico e cultural institucionalizado (uma das dimensões do capital cultural bourdieusiano). Em seguida, foram obtidas as médias de acertos nos itens de Física em cada um dos níveis de capital. Os itens com menor variabilidade de proporção de acertos entre os grupos são os que menos se associam com variáveis de contexto. Neste artigo foram identificados e analisados itens com essas características nas provas do ENEM de 2009, 2012 e 2015.
Facilitadores institucionales y sociales para la gobernanza local de los riesgos medioambientales. Análisis empírico con municipios chilenos
Authors: Valdivieso Patricio
Published: January 2018

Resumen El contexto latinoamericano de exposición a riesgos medioambientales demanda un mayor entendimiento de los factores institucionales que tienen impacto en la gestión medioambiental local. Con el apoyo de métodos mixtos de investigación, este estudio examina hipótesis sobre relaciones entre factores políticos, institucionales, sociales y la gestión medioambiental municipal, en el contexto empírico de municipalidades chilenas. Los resultados sugieren que la combinación de factores políticos, arreglos y capacidades institucionales, y relaciones con la sociedad explican diferentes comportamientos municipales.
A quem servem as conferências de políticas públicas? Desenho institucional e atores beneficiados
Authors: Petinelli Viviane
Published: January 2018

Resumo Este artigo examina a relação entre o desenho institucional de conferências de políticas públicas e os atores beneficiados pelas propostas nelas aprovadas. Avalia-se se e em que medida as propostas finais da 1ª Conferência de Aquicultura e Pesca, de Cidades, de Meio Ambiente, de Esportes, de Políticas para Mulheres e de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial, as quais interessavam diretamente a alguma(s) categoria(s) específica(s) do segmento estatal e não estatal presente(s) nestas, refletiram o grau de inclusão política da conferência, entendido aqui não só enquanto inclusão de vozes, mas também enquanto tradução do direito à voz em decisão. Para tanto, cada proposta aprovada foi classificada segundo a(s) categoria(s) às quais interessava diretamente. A análise permitiu constatar que diferentes desenhos produzem resultados distintos, sendo a combinação entre dinâmica representativa e deliberativa decisiva na capacidade de influência dos atores nas propostas finais aprovadas.
O TRABALHO DO SONHO NA POÉTICA SURREALISTA
Authors: Aversa Paula Carpinetti
Published: January 2018

Resumo: O artigo procura tecer as contribuições freudianas na construção da poética surrealista. Os artistas deste movimento artístico, declaradamente, fizeram uso ativo das explorações do inconsciente. Assim, pretende-se explicitar que, para além das imagens oníricas que traziam os temas psicanalíticos (como o Édipo, a sexualidade, a histeria), os surrealistas procuravam explorar o próprio “trabalho do sonho” como procedimento artístico para a construção de suas imagens artísticas.
A PESQUISA PSICANALÍTICA E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM A UNIVERSIDADE
Authors: Fonteles Camila Santos Lima , Coutinho Denise Maria Barreto , Hoffmann Christian
Published: January 2018

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o lugar da pesquisa em psicanálise no campo psicanalítico bem como na universidade. A psicanálise se constitui na dimensão de pesquisa, reformulando-se continuamente como atesta o legado de Freud. Uma parte das produções psicanalíticas na universidade brasileira (teses) foi analisada em seus métodos e referenciais teóricos para discutirmos a interface pesquisa, psicanálise e universidade. A diversidade de métodos, temas, autores e de articulações aos saberes diversos, aliada ao caráter de inacabamento, constitutivo do referencial psicanalítico, permite dizer que, na universidade, lócus tradicional da pesquisa, a psicanálise pode ser formulada e também reinventada.
Efficiency of compensatory orthodontic treatment of mild Class III malocclusion with two different bracket systems
Authors: Aragón Mônica L. C. , Bichara Lívia M. , Flores-Mir Carlos , Almeida Guilherme , Normando David
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of compensatory orthodontic treatment of patients with mild Class III malocclusion with two preadjusted bracket systems. Method: Fifty-six matched patients consecutively treated for mild Class III malocclusion through compensatory dentoalveolar movements were retrospectively evaluated after analysis of orthodontic records. The sample was divided into two groups according to the brackets used: Group 1 = non-Class III compensated preadjusted brackets, Roth prescription (n = 28); Group 2 = compensated Class III preadjusted brackets, Capelozza III prescription (n = 28). Cephalometric analysis, number of appointments and missed appointments, months using Class III elastics, and bond/band failures were considered. Treatment time, Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index at the beginning (PAR T1) and end of treatment (PAR T2) were used to calculate treatment efficiency. Comparison was performed using a MANOVA at p< 0.05. Results: Missed appointments, bond or band failures, number of months using the Class III intermaxillary elastics, and cephalometric measurements showed no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) between groups. Patients treated with Roth brackets had a treatment time 7 months longer (p= 0.01). Significant improvement in the patient’s occlusion (PAR T2-T1) was observed for both groups without difference (p= 0.22). Conclusions: Orthodontic brackets designed for compensation of mild Class III malocclusions appear to be more efficient than non-compensated straight-wire prescription brackets. Treatment time for Class III patients treated with brackets designed for compensation was shorter than with Roth prescription and no difference in the quality of the occlusal outcome was observed. A prospective randomized study is suggested to provide a deeper look into this subject.
Distances between mandibular posterior teeth and the WALA ridge in Peruvians with normal occlusion
Authors: Kong-Zárate Carla Y. , Carruitero Marcos J. , Andrews Will A.
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: The purposes of this investigation were to determine the horizontal distances between the mandibular posterior teeth and the WALA ridge in a sample of Peruvians with normal occlusion and to compare them by tooth type, sex, arch side, and age groups. Methods: 65 dental casts of subjects with normal occlusion were collected. Posterior teeth, except for third molars, were evaluated. The horizontal distances between the occluso-gingival midpoints of the buccal surfaces (FA points) of each tooth and the WALA ridge were measured using a modified digital caliper. The values between each different tooth type within the sample were compared using the ANOVA and Scheffe tests, while comparisons by sex, arch side and age groups, using the Student’s t-test. Results: The mean distances in the sample was 0.96 mm for first premolars, 1.45 mm for second premolars, 2.12 mm for first molars and 2.55 mm for second molars. Statistically significant differences between each of the four tooth types were found. There were no significant differences found between sex, arch side and age groups. Conclusion: The horizontal distances between the mandibular posterior teeth and the WALA ridge increased progressively from the first premolars to the second molars in Peruvians with normal occlusion. The WALA ridge was a good landmark to evaluate the positions of posterior teeth in Peruvians with normal occlusion.
Effect of water-to-cement ratio on sulfo-aluminate type cementitious grouting materials
Authors: Chen Xuexi , Bi Ruiqing , Zhang Liang
Published: January 2018

Aiming to remedy the deficiency of research related to water-to-cement (w/c) ratio (near 1·0) grouting materials, particularly calcium-sulfo-aluminate (CSA)-type cementitious grouting materials, we discuss the influence of w/c ratio on CSA-type cementitious grouting materials. Various experimental data sets reveal that the cube strength, hydration exothermic rate, total energy released and in situ non-destructive resistivity all decrease with increasing w/c ratio. It is observed that pompom spherulites of ettringite differ from most cementitious materials. A lower solution concentration resulted in thicker ettringite crystal prisms. The results also show that these spherulites form because of excessive dehydrate gypsum, which also causes unexpected X-ray diffraction results in the induction period; the content of ettringite of the 1·0-w/c hardened material was highest, whereas that of the 0·8-w/c material was the lowest, indicating that the contact probability among the Al3+, SO42−, and ye'elimite (C4A3S̄) crystals that act as nucleation sites becomes low, the ion-dissolution rate of the C4A3S̄ framework and the precipitation rate of ettringite both decrease, the Al–O octahedral nucleation barrier increases and the crystal nucleation critical size increases.
Obras, fotos y trabajo político: aportes antropológicos sobre su producción social
Authors: Gaztañaga Julieta
Published: January 2018

Este texto contribuye al conocimiento de la categoría de trabajo político a través del análisis antropológico de un proceso relacionado con la creación de infraestructura pública vial en la Argentina contemporánea. Se diferencian dos aproximaciones socialmente significativas para los actores: el trabajo político como militante y el trabajo político como creación de obras. Especificar ambas perspectivas permite abordar el trabajo político en relación con la producción social de la política y, con ello, romper con la hermenéutica del cinismo con la cual suele evaluarse la obra pública. El corpus de datos en que se basa el artículo ha sido elaborado en varias campañas de trabajo de campo etnográfico desde 1999 hasta 2014; en esta oportunidad, el mismo es revisitado a la luz de nuevas preguntas de investigación y enfoques del quehacer político.
La Democracia Cristiana en el área chica de la posdictadura. Prácticas políticas y relaciones clientelares en una comuna chilena
Authors: Luján Verón David , Pérez Contreras Aníbal
Published: January 2018

Este trabajo explora las interacciones entre la población de una comuna chilena y dos autoridades locales del Partido Demócrata Cristiano: un exalcalde y un concejal en actual ejercicio. Específicamente, a través de un análisis diacrónico, entrevistas en profundidad y etnografía política, se da cuenta de cómo se anclan concepciones y prácticas relacionadas con el trabajo político en personeros de este partido y cómo ello interactúa con la población local y sus nociones sobre política, lealtad y buen ejercicio de un cargo público. Los temas analizados invitan a repensar el clientelismo en clave de vida cotidiana y construcción del Estado a nivel local.
Untitled: Securing Land Tenure in Urban and Rural South Africa
Authors: Du Plessis Elmien
Published: January 2018

This contribution provides a review of the book edited by Donna Hornby, Rosalie Kingwill, Lauren Royston and Ben Cousins. It deals with the topic of land tenure in urban and rural South Africa and challenges the requirement of title deeds to secure land tenure.
Five-year overall survival of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with everolimus after progression on bevacizumab: a prospective multicenter study CRAD001LRU02T
Authors: Safina S. Z. , Varlamov S. A. , Snegovoy A. V. , Varlamov I. S. , Gurina L. I. , Manzuk L. V. , Tsimafeyeu I. V.
Published: January 2018

Background. In a CRAD001LRU02T study of everolimus for metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients previously treated with bevacizumab ±  interferon, median overall survival (OS) was 17.4 months (95 % confidence interval 13.5–21.3 month).

Objective of final analysis was to evaluate 5-year OS and long-term toxicity in this study.

Materials and methods. Survival data were collected from 37 patients with bevacizumab-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received everolimus in a completed prospective multicenter study. Patients were predominantly male, 89 % had ECOG performance status of 0/1, 51 % received previous bevacizumab in combination with interferon, and 38/62% had MSKCC favorable/intermediate risk disease.

Results. The 5-year survival rate was 16.2% (95 % confidence interval 14.1–18.3 %), with a median follow-up of 5 years. The 1-, and 3-year OS rates were 81.0 and 43.0 %, respectively. The median duration of second-line of everolimus was 315 (range 61–569) days. 11 (29.7 %) patients received third-line therapy with a median duration of 3.6 months. Confirmed objective tumor responses were seen in 5 (14.0 %) patients. 70.0 % (n = 26) patients had a stable disease. 1 (2.7 %) patient achieved complete response after 4 years of therapy. One (2.7 %) patient  discontinued everolimus therapy on their own accord due to relapse of systemic lupus erythematosus and one (2.7 %)  patient had 14-days interruption of an everolimus therapy due to grade 3 hyperglycemia. No grade 4 treatment-related toxicity was found.

Conclusions. Everolimus provided an estimated 5-year survival rate of 16.2 % for bevacizumab-resistant metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Prolonged everolimus was not associated with new types or increased severity of adverse events.
FEATURES OF ONLINE SHOPPING AS A SPECIFIC FORM OF CURRENT CONSUMPTION
Authors: Nabrusko I.
Published: January 2018

The article analyzes the phenomenon of online shopping as a form of consumption that is rapidly developing in the transformation of modern society. The main factors of the formation of social motivational base for online shopping in the modern Ukrainian situation are examined. The classification of motivational intentions of consumers is proposed in the article. On the basis of this classification the attempt is made to build a cluster of behavioral model that actualizes the need for further theoretical and empirical research of the problem. The research is of particular importance because consumption in the diversity of its manifestations is necessary internal motivation for any social activity.
Enseñanza de la historia del derecho centrada en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes a lo largo de 115 años de la fundación de la cátedra (Chile, 1902)
Authors: Palma Eric Eduardo , Elgueta María Francisca
Published: January 2018

The article analyzes the ideas of Juan Antonio Iribarren and Aníbal Bascuñán Valdés (and, through these authors, the ideas of Valentín Letelier and Rafael Altamira y Crevea) on the teaching of the history of law, and the multifaceted conception of the history of law, and it demonstrates that the history of the discipline 115 years after the founding of the chair in Chile has had moments of didactic innovation based on the interest in student learning and the formation of a lawyer with a critical conscience. The presence of these proposals allows to sustain the potential of the chair for the training of the lawyer of the 21st century.
Mulher e trabalho no mundo contemporâneo: a conquista do espaço e as implicações para o processo saúde-doença * Woman and work in the contemporary world: space conquest and implications for health-disease process
Authors: Silva Eliton Almeida da , Almeida Suzana Stefanini Campos
Published: January 2018

As mulheres tem ocupado posição de destaque cada vez maior na sociedade contemporânea, com participação ativa no mercado de trabalho. As conquistas deste espaço profissional, por parte das mulheres, são fruto de uma luta antiga e ainda em curso. Partindo desta constatação e percebendo que o papel da mulher está posicionado na fronteira entre o social e o biológico, percebemos que o processo saúde-doença de trabalhadoras pode ser afetado por sérias implicações por elas não encontrarem amparo necessário para cumprir com suas funções profissionais considerando suas diferenças biológicas. Assim, o presente artigo visa refletir sobre esse processo de conquistas da mulher em relação ao mercado de trabalho e suas implicações para o processo saúde-doença e as questões de gênero.
Editorial História e Cultura. v.6, n.3, 2017
Authors: Rodrigues Beatriz , Dos Santos Fernando Pereira , Saranholi Hugo Fernando , Helfenstein Janaína , Cardoso Janaina Salvador
Published: January 2018

Texto do editorial da Revista Discente História e Cultura. v.6, n.3, 2017.
Cooperación Humana
Authors: Cadena Monroy Alvaro
Published: January 2018

Darwin pensaba que la cooperación entre los seres humanos podía ir en contra de su idea de selección natural. Para enfrentar este problema, introdujo la selección de grupos: se seleccionan grupos de seres humanos cooperadores por sobre los grupos de no cooperadores, No obstante, con el advenimiento del neodarwinismo, la selección de grupos cayó en el desprestigio. Poco a poco, y recientemente, fueron apareciendo varias propuestas para la selección de grupos. Aquí se miran algunas de estas propuestas y se las critica. El autor se inclina por una propuesta de L. A. Cadena (2012) para la selección de grupos, y la aplica al caso del crecimiento poblacional inusual y al patrullaje de los chimpancés de Ngogo, a los cazadores y recolectores y a la extinción de los neandertales por manos del Homo sapiens.
Банк как IT-компания: развитие «банков без отделений»
Authors: Цалкин Родион Альбертович
Published: January 2018

В данной статье рассматриваются ключевые тенденции в развитии финансовых операций и банковского дела. Так называемые «банки без отделений» появляются уже сейчас, что обусловлено переходом на новую модель ведение бизнеса в соответствии с современными реалиями и желанием быть достойными конкурентами на рынке. Мы выделили такие тенденции как повсеместное применение больших данных, развитие виртуальных и peer-to-peer-платежей, применение технологий беспроводной передачи данных для лучшего взаимодействия с клиентом и популяризацию кредитования P2P, т.е. без посредника в виде банка. Из этого можно сделать вывод, что наиболее приемлемым вектором развития для банков станет применение концепции «Banking-as-a-Service», а главными конкурентами выступят не финансовые институты, а высокотехнологичные компании.
Sistemas sociais comunitários ribeirinhos na Amazônia:
Authors: Melo Júnior Luiz Cláudio Moreira , Sayago Doris Aleida Villamizar , Tourinho Manoel Malheiros
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo aborda a dinâmica socioambiental recente (2008/2014) dos sistemas sociais das comunidades ribeirinhas localizadas em um vasto território da fronteira aberta ao longo do Rio Arapiuns, no oeste do estado do Pará. Trata-se de um território densamente florestal que tem sido alvo, desde 2010, da política do governo do estado do Pará de fazer concessões de florestas públicas para a iniciativa privada, como parte da política florestal brasileira (Lei nº 11.284/2006). A pesquisa com as comunidades foi feita por meio da aplicação de questionários semiestruturados com a população dessas localidades. Como principais resultados, o estudo evidenciou que as dinâmicas socioambientais das comunidades ribeirinhas foram fortemente alteradas desde o início das atividades de concessão florestal na região.
Incorporando a perspectiva de gênero na gestão da água:
Authors: Ruiz Meza Laura Elena
Published: January 2018

No artigo são paresentados os resultados e aprendizagens derivados da experiência de trabalho e depesquisa da autora nos espaços de tomada de decisão dos processos de incorporação da perspectivade gênero na gestão dos recursos hídricos. Um trabalho realizado ao longo de vários anos em Chiapas,na região sul do México. Inicialmente, são abordados os vínculos entre o gerenciamento de gênero eágua e são apresentadas as referências teóricas que orientaram o trabalho de pesquisa. Na sequência,são analisadas as dimensões da gestão da água setorial e androcêntrica, que revela a desigualdadeque enfrentam as mulheres rurais para obter controle sobre seus direitos à água. Os resultados e osobstáculos são apresentados como lições aprendidas. Conclui-se com uma breve reflexão sobre osdesafios e alternativas de mudança que podem ser vislumbrados nas lutas dos movimentos de mulheresem Chiapas.
La democracia interna de los partidos latinoamericanos
Authors: Martínez Hernández Aldo Adrián , Olucha Sánchez Francisco
Published: January 2018

La investigación de este artículo plantea determinar el nivel de democracia interna de los partidos políticos en América Latina a partir de la percepción de sus miembros. Para ello se ha creado un índice que arroja parámetros para la medición y comparación de los partidos según sus rasgos democráticos. A su vez, se ha diseñado un perfil de los partidos y se ha sometido a análisis la relación entre ideología y democracia interna encontrando que, a pesar de las diferencias entre izquierda y derecha, los partidos en América Latina no presentan rasgos democráticos dicotómicos, manteniendo niveles bajos de democracia interna a pesar de su ubicación ideológica.
José Luis Méndez y Mauricio I. Dussauge-Laguna (Eds.), Policy Analysis in Mexico, UK, Policy Press University Bristol, 2017, 293 pp.
Authors: Castillo Alemán, del Gloria
Published: January 2018

Acceder al texto completo para consultar el contenido.
The Relationship between the Level of Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with The Incidence Rate of Diabetic Foot in H. Adam Malik General Hospital
Authors: Marshal, Fernando Silalahi , Pohan Doddy Prabisma , Lelo Aznan
Published: January 2018

Background : Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to insulin secretion abnormalities, insulin work or both. Most Diabetes Melitus treatments are always associated with diabetic ulcers. Death rates and amputation rates are still high, respectively at 32.5% and 23.5%. The fate of patients with post-amputation Diabetes Melitus is still very bad, as many as 14.3% will die within a year after amputation and 37% will die 3 years after amputation. It has been  mentioned in previous clinical studies that uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was associated with elevated HbA1c  levels associated with the development of retinopathy as well as other complications, with a research reference value r = 0.079.
Methods : The study involved Diabetes Melitus patients with diabetic foot diagnosis in Thoracic, Cardiac, and  Vascular  Surgery Polyclinic Department of Surgical and Inpatient Surgery RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan  period  January 2014- December 2016 with a total sample of 70 people.
Result : The mean age of study subjects was 55.65 + 12.25. In the table shows that the study subjects based on the most gender were men with 47 subjects (67%). The mean of Glycosilated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 6.4 + 2.44 mg / dL with the most patients found  at HbA1c <7 mg / dL level of  49 patients (70%). The result of the analysis is p = 0.0001 (p <0,05) this means there is significant relation between Glycosilated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and diabetic foot. Also obtained OR = 3.1 (CI = 95%, p <0.05).
Conclusion: Bivariatically there was a significant correlation between Glycosilated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and diabetic foot with p = 0.0001 and Odd Ratio of OR = 3,1 (CI = 95%, p <0,05). For the mean result of Glycosilated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 6.4 + 2.44 mg / dL with the highest HbA1c <7 mg / dL of 49 patients (70%).
Small bowel obstruction due to dried fruit and vegetable bezoars in paediatric patients of northern India.
Authors: Andrabi Faheemul hassan , Mufti Gowher Nazir , Wani Sajad Ahmad , Hamid Mudasir , Bhat Nisar Ahmad , Baba Aejaz Ahsan , Shazad Shahid
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Many foods have been implicated in bezoar obstruction especially sun dried apricots, peaches, and prunes. Dried fruits and vegetable being hygroscopic imbibe water, swell in size and cause mechanical small bowel obstruction. We hereby submit our experience of dealing with patients who presented with acute small bowel obstruction (ASBO) due to dried phytobezoars.
Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study which was conducted from March 2017 to March 2012. Operative records of the patients with ASBO due to phytobezoars were retrieved from Hospital Records Section. The clinical details, investigative work up, operative findings and intervention and type of bezoars were noted.
Results: Over the period of 5 years, 12 patients of phytobezoars were admitted in the department. The mean age of the patients was 1.85 years with 7(58.3%) males and 5 females (41.6.5%). Vomiting was most common and was present in all the patients, bilious in 11 (91.7%). The other features included abdominal pain in 10 (83.3%), abdominal distension in 8 (66.7%), failure to pass stools in 9 (75%), failure to pass flatus in 9 (75%), diarrhoea 16 (25%), bleeding per rectum 2 (16.6% patients). All the patients were operated in emergency settings within the period of 8 ± 3 hours of admission. There were no significant operative complications and average hospital stay was 5.2±1 days.
Conclusion: Dry fruits and vegetables like apricot, turnip and peach can lead to bezoar formation which subsequently leads to acute small bowel obstruction in these infants and young children. We also want to impress upon the treating physicians to keep in mind the probability of phytobezoars obstruction in patients presenting with mechanical ASBO especially in patients from Himalayan regions.
Prostate Specific Antigen Values of Geriatric Individuals Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India for Comprehensive Check Up
Authors: Unnikrishnan Rahul , Paul George , Senan Sunil K , Vijayakumar Priya
Published: January 2018

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) has become the most commonly used tumour marker for prostate cancer. Studies have suggested that age specific cutoff values for PSA screening are better than the currently used standard cutoff of 4.0ng/ml and different races have their own reference ranges. The objective of this study was to measure the PSA values of elderly individuals attending a tertiary care centre in southern India and postulate the possible normal values of PSA in different age groups of elderly. A total of 1038 males over the age of 60 years presenting to the Elderly Comprehensive Health clinic at the Department of Geriatrics of a tertiary hospital in Southern India between March 2009 and  February 2011were studied. 4ml blood was collected  and PSA was estimated by Chemiluminiscent Micro-particle Immunoassay. PSA values were analyzed in terms of mean, standard deviation and 5th and 95th percentiles. Results showed that 5th  and 95th percentile values were 0.27 and 3.82 among those who were 60-69 years, 0.28 and 3.43 among those who were 70-79 years and 0.26 and 3.95 among those who were more than 80 years. 10 % of the elderly population in all age subsets had PSA values over the normal. This  study showed that the PSA values from South India are similar to the expected. The age specific Indians being ethnically distinct, need to have separate PSA reference ranges which need to be established with large community-based multicentre Indian studies.
Organisational Culture and Dynamics
Authors: Odiakaose ODOR Hillary
Published: January 2018

Every organisation has something unique about the way it operates. It is that uniqueness that every other organisation uses as a mark of distinction in describing that organisation. The ways an organisation operates, with special reference to its beliefs, values and assumptions is what I have conceptualized as organisational culture. The culture of an organisation, to a very large extent, determines the performance of the individuals that work in that organisation and by extension, the organisational performance. This paper takes an in-depth review of the relationships between some organisational culture parameters and individual performance, organisational performance and sustainability. From the extant literature, it still stands to reason that organisations should focus on those aspects of their cultures that are positive in outlook and yield the greatest positive result in terms of individuals and organisational outcomes. On the other hand, they should do away with those aspects of their culture, which are not adding any intrinsic or extrinsic value to their bottom-line. This study totally supports the evidence that managing your organisational culture effectively will lead to a higher organisational performance.
Enfoque sistêmico e análise das políticas públicas rurais
Authors: Sabourin Eric
Published: January 2018

O trabalho trata da contribuição do enfoquesistêmico para a análise das políticas públicas. Aabordagem sistêmica teve uma influência emdiversos setores da ciência e da pesquisa etambém marcou a ciência política, primeiro coma intenção de pensar a vida como um sistemapolítico e logo com a análise das políticaspúblicas a partir de um enfoque sistêmico emtermos de fluxos, inputs e outputs. Hoje essacorrente quase desapareceu da análise daspolíticas públicas, mas suas influências aindapodem ser verificadas. O texto consta de trêspartes. A primeira parte apresenta brevemente osfundamentos teóricos e a aplicação da abordagemsistêmica para a análise das políticas públicas. Asegunda parte trata das evoluções ecomplementações que aconteceram na análise daspolíticas públicas por conta da abordagemsistêmica ou, até, em reação a ela. A terceira parteintroduz o enfoque estruturalista da teoria dareciprocidade em antropologia econômicaaplicado para a análise das políticas públicasrurais no Brasil.
Interactive Digital Displays for Outdoor Advertising
Authors: Eken Begüm
Published: January 2018

As we live in a period called the â€˜Information Ageâ€™, new communication technologies are enabling newer possible ways for advertisers to interact differently with customers. High-technology televisions, the Internet, touch screens and such technologies are changing the media environment. Therefore, it changes the ways of communication. Nowadays, interactive digital displays are more commonly used for outdoor advertisements such as shop displays, billboards and on public transport. This research explores the impacts of interactive digital displays for outdoor advertising and how efficiently they engage with customers. Advertising media is evolving into a whole new level with upcoming developments. However, it still needs a full adaptation by customers. While relatively young customers adapt more easily with the interactive displays, certain kinds of customers still prefer traditional media. This research seeks to find how effective interactive display use for advertising is, while comparing customer adaptation of new media technologies with traditional media. Keywords: Interactive displays, outdoor advertising, digital signage.
Snapchat as an Advertising Platform
Authors: Tilic Gorkem
Published: January 2018

This paper deals with the types of advertisements used in Snapchat and how brands utilise through examples of domestic and international campaigns. Snapchat is an instant messaging application that takes advantage of new technologies such as augmented reality, allowing brands to reach the target audience in interactive, unique and entertaining ways. Given the fact that digital advertising has now surpassed printed media and television advertising, research in this area is becoming essential. Keywords: Snapchat advertising, interactive advertising, brand sponsorships, geo-filters, snapchat lenses.
Expressive Typography as a Visualisation of Ideas
Authors: Turgut Ozden Pektas
Published: January 2018

Typography is the designed form where the transfer of ideas and information with the help of signs is done. Typography invites to read the text, reveals the meaning of the text, links the text to other visual elements and creates appropriate reading conditions. In addition to communicating information and messages through an understandable form language, it also carries the claim of being an element expressed as a style, personality, and visual language. In this sense, it is important to arrange the typographical characters, such as font, form, colour, space in the media, in an effective way of conveying the message. Typography influences the pleasure of gazing than reading, which is carried out as a visual communication tool not only in the function of reading but also in form. In this context, expressive typography is an art form where text is highly visual or type becomes an image. Letters are not just abstract symbols, carriers of meaning; they are also real, physical shapes. In this paper, the chosen quotes show the main idea with some limitations. It is allowed to use any kind of typeface, just black/white colour in three pages. The comparison of qualitative research methods of studentsâ€™ results shows the effects of expressive typography on the visualisation of the words as a result of this research. Keywords: Typography, expressive typography, graphic design, visual communication.
Urban Waste as an Alternative Material for Making Aesthetic Elements for Interior Design that Represent Indonesian Ornamental Pattern
Authors: Hawari Firman
Published: January 2018

In the field of design, activities to develop form, application materials, production processes and product functions lead to eco-design, which is an opportunity to use urban waste for supporting daily human activities and aesthetic values, reducing dependence on nature and also conserving resources. The various wastes experimented with were office paper, plastic packaging, paper packaging, dry leaves, plastic bags and a mix of them. Numerous experimental steps were taken to produce aesthetic elements by utilising these wastes as prime material. A systematic procedure was applied and using aesthetic elements, an aesthetic board was made. It was seen that there is a possibility to create Indonesian ornamental patterns with these wastes. The results show that urban wastes have great potential as material for aesthetic elements of interior design. This study was conducted on the basis of the culture, natural resources and social behaviour of Indonesia as an agrarian country. Keywords: Urban waste, alternative material, aesthetic element, interior design, Indonesian ornament.