bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling magnetic properties of 3D-printed magnetic elastomer structures via fused deposition modeling
Authors: Calascione Thomas M. , Fischer Nathan A. , Lee Thomas J. , Thatcher Hannah G. , Nelson-Cheeseman Brittany B.
Published: February 2021

Several methods have been used to optimize performance of magnetic elastomers by controlling the microstructure, such as magnetic annealing. Another way to introduce anisotropy is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), which has been shown to manipulate the magnetic anisotropy of rigid printed parts. However, the use of flexible composite materials has not yet been explored due to additional processing challenges. The primary goal of this study is to demonstrate tunable anisotropy of these materials via 3D printed structures without post-processing as a viable means to tune the performance of magnetic elastomer materials. Here, FDM structures were printed with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer and either iron, carbonyl iron, or magnetite particulate. In order to determine the relative effect of different parameters on the magnetic properties, a series of samples were printed combining each material type with different aspect ratios, infill percentages, and infill orientations. A Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) was used to obtain magnetic hysteresis loops in order to compare the magnetic susceptibility between samples. Results demonstrated that FDM provides a method of achieving the directional signature of magnetic annealing without requiring any post-processing; instead, this manifests through the anisotropy of the part’s internal structure. As such, this concept is referred to as infill magnetic annealing (IMA). These variables were found to form a continuum of tunable magnetic responses. Additionally, the chosen particulate transfers its magnetic signature to the composite material. Overall, the highly customizable and nuanced characteristics of 3D-printed magnetic elastomer structures will allow for its application in a broad range of emerging magneto-mechanical applications such as magnetic actuation and soft robotics.
Hydrogen energy: development prospects and materials
Authors: Filippov Sergey P. , Yaroslavtsev Andrey B.
Published: February 2021

The review addresses the prospects of global hydrogen energy development. Particular attention is given to the design of materials for sustainable hydrogen energy applications, including hydrogen production, purification, storage, and conversion to energy. The review highlights the key role of oxide-supported metal or alloy nanoparticles as catalysts in the hydrogen productionviathe conversion of natural gas or alcohols. An alternative approach is the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons giving hydrogen and carbon. The direct production of high-purity hydrogen can be performed using electrolysis or membrane catalysis. Apart from conventional hydrogen storage methods such as the compression and liquefaction, the hydrogen alloy absorption and chemical conversion to liquid carriers (ammonia and toluene cycles) are considered. Fuel cells, containing catalysts and proton-conducting membranes as the key components, are used for hydrogen energy generation. Binary platinum alloys or core – shell structures supported on carbon or oxides can be employed to facilitate the oxygen electroreduction and CO electrooxidation in low-temperature fuel cells. High conductivity and selectivity are provided by perfluorinated sulfonic acid membranes. The high cost of the latter materials dictates the development of alternative membrane materials. A crucial issue in high-temperature fuel cells is the necessity of reducing the operating temperature and ohmic losses. This problem can be solved by designing thin-film materials and replacing oxygen-conducting ceramic membranes by proton-conducting membranes.

The bibliography includes 290 references.
Long-term effects of grating derelict mines on bat emergence activity, abundance and behaviour
Authors: Gonsalves Leroy , Potter Tamara , Colman Nicholas , Law Brad
Published: February 2021

In Australia, there are at least 50 000 derelict mines, many of which provide habitat for cave-roosting bats. Grating of derelict mines, be it horizontal (adits) or vertical (shafts) drives, is commonly undertaken to prevent human access, though longer-term responses of bats are largely unknown. We assessed the long-term (2–20 years) effects of grating on bats by documenting trends in emergence activity and bat abundance at grated and ungrated derelict mines and quantified behavioural responses of bats in autumn and winter. Emergence activity was dominated by the eastern horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus megaphyllus) with limited activity of other less manoeuvrable species. Both emergence activity and minimum colony size at horizontal adits were 8–9 times greater than at vertical shafts, with bats observed emerging from only 2 of 13 shafts. Emergence activity and minimum colony size were 7–10 times greater at adits with ‘bat friendly’ grating (horizontal bars with spacing >125 mm) than at other treatments (ungrated adits and adits with standard grating). In winter, there were 4–11 times more aborted exit attempts per bat at adits with ‘bat friendly’ grating compared with other treatments, which corresponded to greater emergence activity. Emergence activity and minimum colony size were not related to spacing between bars or time since grating, indicating rapid habituation by R. megaphyllus. However, circling at grates continued for many years and bentwing bats (Miniopterus spp.) made little use of these sites. Bat-friendly grates appear to be an effective management option for R. megaphyllus, but alternatives need to be trialled for other species.
Dissecting serotype-specific contributions to live oral cholera vaccine efficacy
Authors: Sit Brandon , Fakoya Bolutife , Zhang Ting , Billings Gabriel , Waldor Matthew K.
Published: February 2021

Significance

Two major serotypes of
Vibrio cholerae
circulate globally and cause pandemic cholera, but how infection or vaccination with each serotype impacts immune responses and subsequent protection against future infection by the pathogen is not well-known. We engineered matched serotype variants of a new oral cholera vaccine candidate, HaitiV, to investigate the effect of serotype variation on vaccine immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Our results provide a rigorous framework for oral bacterial vaccine evaluation in vivo and illuminate how serotype influences oral cholera vaccine potency, a finding of significant translational interest.
Unconventional quantum vortex matter state hosts quantum oscillations in the underdoped high-temperature cuprate superconductors
Authors: Hsu Yu-Te , Hartstein Máté , Davies Alexander J. , Hickey Alexander J. , Chan Mun K. , Porras Juan , Loew Toshinao , Taylor Sofia V. , Liu Hsu , Eaton Alexander G. , Le Tacon Matthieu , Zuo Huakun , Wang Jinhua , Zhu Zengwei , Lonzarich Gilbert G. , Keimer Bernhard , Harrison Neil , Sebastian Suchitra E.
Published: February 2021

Significance

Modest magnetic fields above

≈

22 T in the underdoped cuprates were argued to destroy superconductivity and reveal a conventional metallic pseudogap ground state that hosts quantum oscillations. We perform high-magnetic field electrical resistivity and magnetic torque measurements using low temperatures and small applied measurement currents to reveal instead an unconventional quantum vortex matter ground state that persists beyond the highest static magnetic fields. An alternative model is required to explain the coexistence of quantum oscillations with a robust

d

-wave superconducting gap in the newly uncovered quantum vortex matter ground state.
Revisiting extraction and subextraction patterns from arguments
Authors: Toquero-Pérez Luis Miguel
Published: February 2021

Extraction and subextraction tend to receive separate attention in syntax, which leads to the assumption that they should be analyzed independently, even though they both illustrate an asymmetry between subjects and objects. By looking at various phenomena in English, German, Spanish and Norwegian I propose that this parallel behavior is not accidental, but that there is a previously unnoticed generalization: subextraction is allowed iff extraction is possible and the target of subextraction is not an indirect object. I propose that a revised version of Spec-to-Spec antilocality (Erlewine 2016) is necessary: movement of and out of an XP must cross aProjection Line(PL) (Brody 1998), i.e. the set of all projections of a head. This version of antilocality can deriveFreezingeffects,Huang’s (1982)CED, and their exceptions; andComp-traceeffects and their neutralization, extending them to subextraction. However, antilocality on its own cannot derive the extraction-subextraction asymmetry in indirect objects. I propose that the Principle of Minimal Compliance (PMC) (Richards 1998) can suspend antilocality if agree between a probe and a goal has happened. The version adopted here will allow extraction of the whole XP, but disallow extraction of its specifier due to the lack of an agree relation. Antilocality and the PMC combined also make the right predictions in other domains such as the lack ofdo-support in matrix subject questions and A-movement of the subject in declarative clauses, providing evidence that antilocality is a constraint that should apply to (at least) both A and A′-movement.
Color revolution: toward ultra-wide color gamut displays
Authors: Wen Zuoliang , Zhou Ziming , Liu Haochen , Wang Zhaojin , Li Xiang , Fang Fan , Wang Kai , Teo Kie Leong , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: February 2021

With the economic and social developments, the demand for higher quality displays has always remained strong. The emerging 8K displays represent an advancement of ultra-high resolution. Other parameters such as the contrast ratio and viewing angle were all improved significantly. Here, we would like to address the recent efforts in the color (color gamut) of displays toward an ultra-wide color gamut, which we call the ‘color revolution’. In the past few years, fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots, quantum rods, fluorescent perovskite nanocrystals, and nanoplatelets with narrow emission have been discovered, and have been explored in display technologies as photoluminescent enhancement films, color convertors, or electroluminescent emissive layers. As a result, the color gamut of display technologies was broadened remarkably, enabling the color revolution. Here, we provide a review of this exciting progress iin the color revolution.
Effective constriction resistance for isotropic and anisotropic film conductors
Authors: Seki Kazuhiko
Published: February 2021

When two electrical conductors with rough surfaces are in contact, the apparent contact area can be regarded as an ensemble of small real contact spots, as noted by Holm. The currents flowing through a real contact spot are influenced by the electrical current spread from the adjacent real contact spots. Greenwood considered the interference between a pair of real contact spots. The effective constriction resistance thus obtained can be evaluated once the positions of the real contact spots have been determined. For decades, the expressions for the constriction resistance obtained by Holm and Greenwood have been widely used to interpret and characterize experimental data. Here, we take a completely different approach. Instead of explicitly considering the interference between the real contact spots using their specific positions, we regard the apparent contact area composed of an ensemble of real contact spots as a homogeneous effective conductor. The effective medium theory is not rigorous but its simplicity allows us to study the effective constriction resistance of film and bulk conductors, including the effect of conductivity anisotropy, approximately. We show that the obtained effective resistance is consistent with that obtained by Greenwood for bulk isotropic conductors. We also propose a phenomenological equation to describe the relation between the Holm radius and the number of real contact spots.
Temperature tunable oscillator of THz-frequency signals based on the orthoferrite/heavy metal heterostructure
Authors: Meshcheryakov A A , Safin A R , Kalyabin D V , Nikitov S A , Mednikov A M , Frolov D A , Kirilyuk A I
Published: February 2021

There is a considerable interest in development and realization of the terahertz-frequency range oscillators and detectors. In this work a concept of temperature tunable THz oscillator is theoretically developed. As an active element we suggest holmium orthoferrite near its reorientational phase transition. We show that the heating of the orthoferrite spin system decreases the threshold of the DC electric-current required for self-oscillations due to the anisotropy constant reduction. Such concept of the temperature-tuning of magnetic properties can be applied for wide range of ferri- or antiferromagnets. We discuss a possibility of applying orthoferrite/heavy metal heterostructure as continuously tunable oscillators and detectors of THz-frequency signals.
Multiscale modelling of heterogeneous fillers in polymer composites: the case of polyisoprene and carbon black
Authors: Giunta G , Chiricotto M , Jackson I , Karimi-Varzaneh H A , Carbone P
Published: February 2021

The dispersion of inorganic particles within polymeric materials is an extensively used method to enhance their mechanical properties. One of the major challenges in the simulation of polymer composites is to model the uneven surface of the fillers which strongly affects the dynamics of the adsorbed polymers and consequently the macroscopic mechanical properties of the final composite. Here we propose a new multiscale approach that, using experimental adsorption data, constructs the filler surface to statistically reproduce the surface defects. We use this approach to analyse the structure and dynamics of highly entangled polyisoprene melt in contact with different realistic carbon black samples. We show that the presence of the heterogeneous surface has a negligible influence on the structure of the polymer chains but a major effect on their dynamics and the surface wettability.
High-k erbium oxide film prepared by sol-gel method for low-voltage thin-film transistor
Authors: Wang Guandong , Liu Daiming , Fan Shuangqing , Li Zhaoyang , Su Jie
Published: February 2021

In this work, high-dielectric-constant (high-k) erbium oxide（Er2O3）film is fabricated using the spin coating method, and annealed at a series of temperatures (from 400 °C to 700 °C). The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructural and electrical properties of Er2O3 nanofilm is investigated. To demonstrate the applicability of the Er2O3 film, the indium oxide (In2O3) thin film transistor (TFT)-based amorphous Er2O3 dielectric film is fabricated at different temperatures. The TFT-based EO-600 shows a low-operating voltage and good electrical properties. The inverter demonstrates that the Er2O3 nanofilm synthesized by the sol-gel method could be a promising candidate as the dielectric layer in a low-voltage electronic device.
Generation of ultrashort keV Ar+ ion pulses via femtosecond laser photoionization
Authors: Golombek Alexander , Breuer Lars , Danzig Lisa , Kucharczyk Paul , Schleberger Marika , Sokolowski-Tinten Klaus , Wucher Andreas
Published: February 2021

Ion beams with energies in the keV regime are widely utilized in solid-state physics, but the ultrafast dynamics triggered by an ion impact onto a solid surface is to date exclusively accessible via simulations based on many untested assumptions and model parameters. A possible experimental access rests on the availability of a laser-synchronized ion source delivering sufficiently short ion pulses for time resolved pump–probe experiments. Here, we demonstrate a new miniaturized ion optical bunching setup for the creation of rare gas ion pulses using strong-field femtosecond laser photoionization. Neutral Ar gas atoms at room temperature are intercepted by a 50 fs, 800 nm laser pulse focused to ∼10 μm spot size. We demonstrate the generation of monoenergetic 2 keV Ar+ ion pulses with 180 ps duration (FWHM) at laser peak intensities around 1014 W cm−2 and of multiply charged Ar
q+ ions (q = 1–5) at higher laser intensities. The results are in good agreement with detailed ion trajectory simulations, which show that the temporal resolution is essentially limited by the initial (thermal) velocity spread of the generated photo-ions, indicating the possibility to achieve even better time resolution by cooling the gas prior to ionization.
Thermo-mechanical pain: the signaling role of heat dissipation in biological tissues
Authors: Vincent-Dospital Tom , Toussaint Renaud
Published: February 2021

Mechanical algesia is an important process for the preservation of living organisms, allowing potentially life-saving reflexes or decisions when given body parts are stressed. Yet, its various underlying mechanisms remain to be fully unraveled. Here, we quantitatively discuss how the detection of painful mechanical stimuli by the human central nervous system may, partly, rely on thermal measurements. Indeed, most fractures in a body, including microscopic ones, release some heat, which diffuses in the surrounding tissues. Through this physical process, the thermo-sensitive TRP proteins, that translate abnormal temperatures into action potentials, shall be sensitive to damaging mechanical inputs. The implication of these polymodal receptors in mechanical algesia has been regularly reported, and we here provide a physical explanation for the coupling between thermal and mechanical pain. In particular, in the human skin, we show how the neighboring neurites of a broken collagen fiber can undergo a sudden thermal elevation that ranges from a fraction to tens of degrees. As this theoretical temperature anomaly lies in the sensibility range of the TRPV3 and TRPV1 cation channels, known to trigger action potentials in the neural system, a degree of mechanical pain can hence be generated.
Optical simulation of quantum mechanics on the Möbius strip, Klein’s bottle and other manifolds, and Talbot effect
Authors: Bělín J , Tyc T , Horsley S A R
Published: February 2021

We analyse the evolution of the wavefunction of a quantum particle propagating on several compact manifolds, including the Klein bottle, Möbius strip and projective plane. We find analytically the stationary states and the energy spectrum and show that the wavefunction exhibits perfect revivals. Using the orbifold structure of the discussed manifolds, we establish the relation of wave evolution on the manifolds to Fresnel diffraction and consequently to the Talbot effect. This connection provides a novel method of optical simulation of the quantum motion on compact manifolds. We discuss some novel phenomena as well as the effects of topology on the properties of the waves on the manifolds.
Study of the chemical composition of quinoa of Russian selection grown in the South of Russia
Authors: Leushkina E V , Donchenko L V , Limareva N S
Published: February 2021

According to WHO experts, almost all countries have a shortage of dietary protein, which is about 25 million tons. This fact causes a high risk to human health, expressed in changes in the quality of its physiological processes. Most of the world’s scientists conduct scientific research to find natural raw sources of biologically complete protein. It is promising to use pseudo-grain quinoa culture as such source, which was awarded the title of the ideal product of the XXI century because of its amino acid composition. We conducted research on quinoa of Russian selection grown in the southern part of Russia. It was found that the coefficient of difference of amino acid scores (CDAS) of quinoa protein, showing an excess number of essential amino acids that are not used for plastic needs, is 9.86 %. With the CDAS evaluated the biological value (BV) of quinoa proteins, which is equal to 90.14%. Experimental data confirmed the nutritional value of quinoa of Russian selection. It can be recommended as a functional source of not only balanced amino acid composition of protein, but also minerals, vitamins, in particular magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, water-soluble vitamins B1, B2, C and fat-soluble vitamin β-carotene.
Phenotypic regulation of the synthesis of carbohydrases by Kluyveromyces yeasts
Authors: Korneeva O , Sviridova T , Shuvaeva G , Meshcheryakova O , Anokhina E , Motina E
Published: February 2021

The ability of Kluyveromyces marxianus Y-303 strain to synthesize highly active intracellular β-fructosidases (invertase and inulinase) was studied. The effect of separate sources of carbon, nitrogen, the initial pH of the nutrient medium, temperature and duration of cultivation process on the biosynthesis of enzymes were studied. The optimal composition of the nutrient medium and cultivation conditions that ensure the maximum production of the studied enzymes by K. marxianus yeast were selected. It was found out that the optimal medium for invertase synthesis contains 3% fructose and 0.6% NH4H2PO4, and for inulinase - 0.5% inulin and 0.12% yeast extract of inulinase. Optimal cultivation conditions for the accumulation of invertase - pH 6.0, temperature - 30 ° C, duration - 42 hours; and for inulinase, respectively: pH 5.0, 25 °C, 66 hours. The described cultivation conditions of K. marxianus led to 6-7 fold activity increase for invertaseand 8–9 fold- for inulinase.
Investigation of germinated crops elemental composition
Authors: Ponomareva E I , Alekhina N N , Lukina S I , Gubareva Yu P , Skvortsova O B , Tereshchenko D A
Published: February 2021

The introduction of the crops germination stage allows increasing their nutritional value by increasing the amount of minerals, vitamins and amino acids, which are easily digested and have a beneficial effect on a human body. At the same time, heavy metals located on the surface of grains pose a danger to human health. When the grains swell, the water treated in various ways (magnetic, ultrasonic, etc.) is used. However, there is not enough information about changes in minerals and the toxic elements content during germination of flax seeds and buckwheat grains processed with physical methods. Therefore, in the work, we investigated the change in mineral substances and toxic elements during germination of flax seeds with the application of magnetized water and buckwheat grains - with ultrasonic treatment of tap water using mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. It was found out that the germinated flax seeds and buckwheat grains were characterized by different mineral contents and fewer toxic elements. The content of calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, copper, zinc increased in crops in the process of germination.
Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum (schrank.) schuebl.) in the technology of whole-wheat bread production
Authors: Khmeleva E , Berezina N , Khmelev A , Rumyantseva V , Kunitsyna T , Rogacheva Yu
Published: February 2021

Worldwide interest in healthy food is promoting the production of non-traditional bakery products. Whole-wheat bread refers to such kind of products. Emmer as a crop with a valuable chemical composition is a promising source of raw materials for developing grain bakery products of increased nutritional value and giving them functional properties. The high content of proteins in emmer wheat characterized by a balanced amino acid composition, food fibers, and minerals is indicated. The possibility of using emmer wheat grain (Triticum dicoccum (Schrank.) Schuebl.) in bread making for the production of whole-wheat bread is analyzed. The chemical composition and quality indicators of emmer wheat grain of Runo variety grown in the Orel region are established. The conducted analysis of the content, wet gluten quality and autolytic activity changes (in terms of falling-number) in emmer wheat grain at steeping stage shows the necessity to develop technological methods that allow providing the production of high-quality whole-wheat bread. Methods for steeping emmer wheat grain have been developed that neutralize the deterioration of the technological properties of emmer wheat grain at the steeping stage and allow producing whole-wheat bread with high organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics.
The use of water-honey extract of hypericum herb to prevent bakery products from “potato disease”
Authors: Dombrovskaya Y P , Derkanosova A A , Pushkar V V , Manukovskaya M V , Klimova E A , Galochkina N A
Published: February 2021

Unwanted microflora in bread causes a disease called “potato disease”, as a result of which bakery products mold prematurely. The causative agents of this process are the spore-forming bacteria Bac.mesentericus and Bac.subtilis. A method for preventing “potato disease” is proposed due to the use of hypericum, honey, sour cream of 10% fat in the recipe. Water-honey extract fermented with Str.lactis and Str.cremoris was obtained. The introduction of 6% of the studied LAB fermented Str.lactis and Str.cremoris water-honey extract of hypericum, when mixing wheat dough, prevents the development of “potato disease” and mildew, intensifies the process of dough preparation. Dough fermentation is reduced by 60 min, gas-forming ability and fermentation activity of the dough are improved. This allows to obtain finished products with improved organoleptic (color, aroma, taste) and physico-chemical quality indicators (porosity, specific volume).
Biologically active microorganisms for inhibition Ambrosia artemisiifolia L
Authors: Didovich S V , Berestetskiy A O , Gasich E L , Pas’ A N , Alekseenko O P
Published: February 2021

The paper presents data on the evaluation of a number of microorganisms for biocontrol of the quarantine weed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed). Relatively high herbicidal efficacy (50% of dead seedlings of common ragweed) of multicomponent formulations based on a strain 32.85 of the necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus Stagonosporopsis heliopsidis and a strain 4 of the phototrophic cyanobacteria Nostoc sphaeroides was experimentally demonstrated in laboratory conditions. This was twice higher compared to treatment with one microorganism. The emulsion formulation based on 0.5% refined vegetable oil + 1.0 % lecithin + 0.1% Tween 80 and 4% chopped mycelium of S. heliopsidis 32.85 was evaluated against A. artemisiifolia in the field conditions of Crimea foothills. The damaged leaf surface area was about 18% 2 weeks post treatment of the weed.
Modification of the whey protein cluster for the utilization in low-calorie food technology
Authors: Melnikova E I , Stanislavskaya E B , Fedorova A R
Published: February 2021

One of the urgent tasks of the dairy industry is to develop alternative modifications of the composition and properties of the whey protein cluster for the utilization in food technologies. The objective of the research is to optimize the conditions for modifying the whey protein cluster to develop competitive food products. The quality indicators of the research subjects, their composition and properties have been determined in accordance with Russian standards. Some part of the research has been carried out in in vivo and in vitro experiments. To develop the whey proteins microparticulate, a technological flowchart involving concentrating the whey protein cluster by ultrafiltration and thermomechanical treatment of the resulting concentrate has been proposed. Mathematical modelling of the process by means of neural-network approximation has been carried out to forecast the quality indicators and some directions of using whey proteins microparticulates depending on the initial technological parameters. The resulting microparticulates are characterized by a valuable composition, high water-binding, bifidogenic capacity and antioxidant activity. There have been the formulations of food products with the microparticulate content providing for the replacement of 10-40 % of fat-containing dairy raw materials, which has resulted in the energy value decrease. The technology of the developed products is characterized by the standard technological flowchart and supplemented by the stages of the microparticulate production.
Study of composition and properties of duck meat
Authors: Slobodyanik V S , Ilina N M , Suleymanov S M , Polyanskikh S V , Maslova Yu F , Galin R F
Published: February 2021

The work is devoted to the essential task of scientific justification of the use of waterfowl meat in the meat products technology. The objects of the study were the white Peking ducks, the muscovy ducks and the mulard hybrid ducks. In the comparative aspect, the gravimetric parameters of the main dressing parts of the duck carcasses, their tissue composition, total chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat, mineral substances), the fractional composition of meat proteins, the content of macroelements (potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus) and microelements (Ferrum, zinc) were studied. The energy value of the duck meat, its functional and technological properties was determined, and the microstructure of the muscle tissue of the breast and thigh parts of the carcass was studied. The comparative analysis showed that the meat of the Peking duck is inferior to the meat of the muscovy duck and the mulard duck in protein content, but exceeds it in fat content. The most significant portion of the muscle tissue is concentrated in the breast and leg quarter. The meat of the Peking duck has a higher caloric content compared to that of the muscovy and the mulard duck. Duck meat is rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, as well as Ferrum and zinc. Duck meat can be used as a functional raw material because these mineral substances are often scarce in the diet of a modern human. High functional and technological properties of duck meat provide high-quality indicators of the finished product.
Experimental substantiation of the storage temperature regime ensuring the stable supercooled state of meat and meat products
Authors: Dibirasulaev M A , Belozerov A G , Dibirasulaev D M , Donetskikh A G
Published: February 2021

One of the ways to ensure safety, preserve quality and increase the shelf life of meat with minimum technological processing of raw materials is the use of supercooling and storage technologies at sub-cryoscopic temperatures. Supercooling is a process of refrigeration processing, which provides the meat temperature decrease (by 1-2°C) below the cryoscopic temperature without phase conversion of water into ice (supercooling) or with partial ice formation (freezing). Subcooling ensures better quality preservation and longer shelf life of raw meat and finished meat products compared to cooling. Phase transformation of water into ice during freezing and freezing of food products causes irreversible changes in them as a result of crystal formation in muscle fibers and denaturation of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins. The article presents the results of research to justify the temperature regime of storage, which provides a stable hypothermal state of meat and meat products. It is shown that the limit temperature of subcooling is a fixed individual characteristic of the beginning of ice formation in meat and certain types of meat products and can be used as an indicator to justify the temperature of the cooling medium, providing the stability of products in the subcooled state.
Safety assessment of β-lactoglobulin hydrolysate with reduced allergenicity
Authors: Melnikova E I , Bogdanova E V
Published: February 2021

The increase in production of milk whey and the large-scale introduction of membrane technologies for fractionation of its various components has led to a significant interest in the use of whey proteins. Their application in food technologies is constrained by their potential antigenicity. The authors developed a technology for reducing the allergenicity of the β-lactoglobulin in the ultrafiltration concentrate of cheese whey by means of biocatalytic conversion using enzyme preparations Flavorpro 750MDP and Promod 439L. The purpose of the research was to justify the required modes of proteolytic enzymes inactivation in the obtained β-lactoglobulin hydrolysate that can ensure safety for a living organism. The mode of enzymes inactivation which is necessary and sufficient for reducing their activity in the hydrolysate when consumed was determined with a certain safety margin (t = (80 ± 2) °C, τ = 5 min). Preclinical studies of the obtained food composition were carried out by pharmacoetological method on adult BALB/c mice. Significant differences were found in horizontal and vertical motor activity, as well as the frequency of “looking into burrows” and the level of defecation. Under new conditions the animals of the experimental group demonstrated more exploratory behaviour rather than defensive one. This indicates a positive effect of β-lactoglobulin hydrolysate on the physical and psycho-emotional state of the tested animals and its safety for a living organism. The developed technology allows to obtain functional foods based on β-lactoglobulin hydrolysate with target physiological and biochemical properties, reduced allergenicity, increased food and biological value.
Identification of composition and structure of functional groups of ferment lysates based on IR spectroscopy
Authors: Dvoryaninova O P , Sokolov A V , Peregonchaya O V , Solovyeva E A , Syanov D A
Published: February 2021

The paper provides the analysis of IR spectra of ferment lysates, which showed that there are a number of weak bands 1050-1150 cm−1 in spectra typical for vibrations of ester bonds and frequency 1150-1300 cm−1 corresponding vibrations of CH2 groups in fats. Given the high intensity of the peaks at 2800-3000 cm−1, the high intensity of the peaks at 1600-1700 cm−1 and 1500-1550 cm−1 (typical for amino acids) can be assumed to be high in amino acids containing NH3, CH2 and CH3 groups. The study showed that hydrolysis products (ferment lysates) derived from secondary fish processing products have similar protein structure and identical peptide fragments.
Analysis and synthesis of kinetic parameters of soapstocksaponification stage in sunflower oil production
Authors: Protasova N N , Korchagin M V , Protasov A V , Korchagin V I
Published: February 2021

The parametric identification of the saponification experimental process is performed as a multi-stage stationary reaction with linear kinetics, characterized by adequate model estimates. It is revealed that for the saponification reaction, the kinetic curve (the change in the saponification degree from time to time) is characterized by three stages: the first induction period, the second period of constant velocity, and the period of falling velocity. The process intensification ways are justified by reducing the induction period in the ultrasound field. Experimental numerical results on modeling the dependence of the reaction rate of constants saponification are presented as the process kinetics.
Analysis of the range of soft drinks containing food colours and flavourings: retail example
Authors: Sandrakova I V , Reznichenko I Yu , Rolgayzer A A , Moroz E V
Published: February 2021

Soft drinks are widely used and have steady demand. The content of beverages includes food colours and flavourings of different origins. Currently, consumers prefer drinks that contain natural raw materials. The purpose of this study is to analyze the product range and informational identification of the naturalness of food colours and flavourings declared by the producers of soft drinks presented by the domestic food retailers. The study objects are 48 soft drinks of various brands sold in the Lenta retail chain. When performing research, methods of analysis and systematization were used. The study of food colours and flavourings contained in soft drinks was based on the method of observation and content analysis. As a result of this study, information about ingredients indicated on the labels of soft drinks from the product range of the Lenta retail chain was researched. When studying the labels, special attention was paid to the presence or absence of food colours and flavourings in the sold beverages as well as whether these ingredients are natural. Depending on the presence of colours and/or flavourings in the beverage, the structure calculation of the soft drinks range was made. It was found that a great part of the Lenta assortment includes soft drinks that are coloured with one or more natural food colours (48 %), as well as soft drinks that do not contain food colours (25 %). Synthetic food colours are found in 21 % of beverages; soft drinks containing natural and synthetic colours make up 6 % of the range. It is revealed that there is no uniformity of information about the flavouring used in the labelling of soft drinks, consequently it makes difficult for the consumer to choose the product. Attained results can have practical implementation. The product range formation of domestic soft drinks of adequate quality helps to increase the competitiveness of Russian brands, reduce the consumer health risk, and meet consumer demand for quality products.
Development and research of new method for juice extracting from sugar beet with preliminary pressing
Authors: Ovsyannikov V Yu , Toroptsev V V , Berestovoy A A , Lobacheva N N , Lobacheva M A , Martekha A N
Published: February 2021

The main objectives of the experimental studies were to obtain kinetic patterns and to determine the rational parameters of the pressing processes, ensuring high efficiency of the process of juice obtaining from sugar beets by the press method. The main indicator of the pressing process effectiveness is the yield of beet juice pressed (extruded) in the press, since the parameters of the further production process depend to a large extent on it. In accordance with this, one of the experimental studies aims was to maximize the beet juice yield. To do this, a series of experiments was carried out. Their results made it possible to determine the degree of various factors influence on the juice yield. However, striving for the maximum beet juice yield, it should be taken into account that the resulting juice should be of the highest quality, which would ensure the possibility of its further effective purification. Therefore, in addition to the juice yield, another objective of the experiments was to determine the factors affecting its quality. The total effectiveness of the technology developed will be the result of an optimal combination of the juice extraction value and its quality indicators.
Quality improvement and shelf life of sweets of the Assorty type
Authors: Tkeshelashvili M E , Bobozhonova G A , Sorokina A B , Magomedov G O
Published: February 2021

The current stage of development of the confectionery industry is characterized by a high degree of market saturation with a variety of products. In this regard, perfection of the assortment of products and improving their consumer properties are very relevant and timely. The purpose of the study is the development of the formula composition of sweets of the Assorty type, providing an increase of the nutritional qualities and flavor properties of products. The work is performed at the scientific research institute of «Food security» and the department of commodity science and commodity expertise of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. Based on the laboratory tests, the composition of the components in the formula of sweets of the Assorty type of increased nutritional qualities was selected. High-protein flour from sunflower shrot was used to provide a high protein content in the product. The possibility of using a valuable food ingredient - powder from carob beans (carob) - as a substitute for cocoa solids has been shown. The nutritional qualities of the developed sweets was calculated, the obtained results confirmed the efficiency of the selected formula composition: the developed products exceed the control sample 1.5 times in protein content, while reducing the fraction of fat, carbohydrates and caloric content. The analysis of the complex of organoleptic indicators points to the high flavor and aroma properties of the developed sweets. The quality control of the developed products was conducted by organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators during storage. It is established that the developed composition provides the quality safety of sweets for 12 months.
Edible cream-like mass: better quality, higher productivity
Authors: Magomedov G O , Plotnikova I V , Zhuravlev A A , Magomedov M G , Sheviakova T A , Tychinin N V
Published: February 2021

Edible cream-like mass has a number of advantages over other confectionery masses. Being more efficient in production, they are also more digestible, more popular, and have a gentle creamy structure. However, they also have a number of drawbacks such as inconsistency, low porosity, high sugar capacity and caloric content. It is not just the chemical composition of ingredients or their basic physical, structural, and mechanical properties, but also the design of whipping machines and the whipping settings that affect the way such pastes develop their creamy structure and other properties. The paper evaluates the production of sugar-less maltodextrin-based cream-like pastes using a highly efficient experimental semi-industrial whipping machine. For production, we used high-DE maltodextrin as well as special fats. We have studied how the ratio of ingredients could affect the quality and the structural-mechanical properties of such mass. We have managed to optimize the recipes to assure the best quality. The samples we produced are of better quality, lower sugar capacity and caloric content. Realization of the presented development will allow one to intensify production process twice, to lower power - and labor input of production, prime cost of products 1.5 times, content of digestible carbohydrates by 50%, the caloric content of products by 126 kcal, to reduce floor spaces.
Management of technological processes of transportation and drying of grain
Authors: Kudryashov V S , Alekseev M V , Ivanov A V , Kozenko I A , Ryazantsev S V
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to solving management problems in the development of an automated workstation (AWS) of an operator-technologist for managing an elevator with a productivity of 280 tons per hour. In existing control systems, only grain transportation is provided (there are no systems with automatic drying of grain with high accuracy of humidity measurement), automatic formation of grain movement routes is not provided (for each route, it is necessary to draw up technical specifications and make changes to the control program of the system), and more precise control of grain flows (used automatic valves have only open / closed positions). A brief description of the proposed gate valve control algorithms, automatic construction of the grain drying route, filtering grain moisture readings and fragments of the operator’s workstation program (in the indusoft web studio environment) for managing the elevator complex is provided. The proposed solutions allow you to: reduce the emergency downtime of equipment by 20% and the total service time of the complex; weed out unfinished grain for baking in automatic mode for repeated drying; improve product quality due to automatic control of grain overheating; reduce product rejects by 3%, and also reduce the influence of the human factor on the process of transporting and drying grain.
Investigation of the potential of industrial carrot processing waste for the release of bioactive substances
Authors: Markov A S , Dolgolyuk I V , Nazimova E V , Sergeeva I Yu
Published: February 2021

Bioflavonoids have anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antithrombogenic activity. A large amount of these valuable bioactive substances gets wasted waste after processing of fruits and vegetables, carrots in particular. The article studies the possibility of using carrots pulp of the Losinoostrovskaya, Nantes (Nantskaya) and Queen of Autumn (Koroleva Oseni) varieties as a source of flavonoids and carotenoids. It was determined that the highest content of the target substances is extracted using ethanol with a concentration of 96%. We carried out the pectrophotomoteric evaluation of the composition and quantitative determination of flavonoids and carotenoids in pulp. It was found that carotenoids were the predominant component of extracts in the studied pulp samples. Their content was 1.8-1.9 times higher than flavonoids. One of the directions in the development of methods for increasing the efficiency of isolation of bioactive compounds can be methods for increasing the yield of bound phenolic compounds with high biological activity.
Application of a by-product in the production of pressed baker yeast for separating rubber from latex
Authors: Nikulina N S , Bulatetskaya T M , Nikulin S S , Baturina E V , Sannikova N Yu , Pugacheva I N
Published: February 2021

Synthetic rubbers are the most common polymers. They are widely used in the production of a wide variety of products. The requirements for the quality of the obtained polymers constantly are increasing with a corresponding reduction in the cost and environmental tension of these industries. One of the effective areas that allow the production of synthetic rubbers to meet the requirements is the search and application of new technologies for the manufacture of emulsion rubbers. One of the problematic stages in the production of emulsion rubbers is their isolation from latex. Agents that reduce the stability of latex dispersions have low resistance to biological oxidation and are capable of chemically binding the components of the emulsion system, as well as being almost completely removed from wastewater discharged to treatment plants, used to solve this problem. The work presents the results of the use of fertile, a by-product of the production of pressed baker’s yeast, in the technology of styrene-butadiene rubbers production. Its effect on the process of isolation of rubber SKS-30 ARC from latex has been studied. The costs of acidifying and coagulating agents have been determined. The effect of pH medium on the process of rubber isolation from latex at various dosages of fertile has been studied. Rubber compounds based on rubber SKS-30 ARC have been prepared using standard components and they have been vulcanized. The resulting vulcanizates in terms of performance have met all the requirements.
A method for monitoring the violation of the integrity of pipeline communications using a radio wave vibration sensor
Authors: Pilipenko A E , Rudyaga E V , Kukartsev V V , Tynchenko V S , Kurashkin S O , Rogova D V
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the implementation of a continuous vibroacoustic control system, in order to detect leaks and quickly prevent emergencies, describes the principles of their functioning. The existing method of recognizing leaks is considered. The analysis of non-contact methods for measuring vibration parameters is carried out, radio wave methods are highlighted as the most promising. A non-contact radio wave vibration sensor is considered, which is introduced into the pipeline monitoring system. The proposed systems of vibroacoustic control allow one to effectively diagnose the state of the pipeline at low time costs and with a low error in detecting a useful signal. The physical and mathematical meaning of the method being introduced was also considered. The scope of application of the research results relates to industries (heat power, gas and oil fields), in which complex dynamic objects are used with the need to use a non-contact method for monitoring vibration and displacement parameters.