bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eksplorasi Etnomatematika Konsep Geometri Datar dan Ruang pada Pakaian Adat Suku Dayal Kenyah
Authors: Abbas Abdul Basir , Muhtadin Achmad , Jalung Krismarlina
Published: April 2024

Matematika dan Budaya adalah sesuatu yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Etnomatematika hadir untuk menjembatani antara matematika dan budaya khususnya dalam pembelajaran matematika yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pembelajaran matematika kontekstual. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsep geometri datar dan ruang yang terdapat pada pakaian Adat Suku Dayak Kenyah. Tempat penelitian di Desa Pampang Kota Samarinda Kalimantan Timur. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah pakaian adat dan aksisoris suku dayak kenyah, sedangkan objek dalam penelitian ini adalah konsep geometri datar dan ruang pada bentuk dan motif pakaian adat suku dayak kenyah. Data dikumpulkan melalui Studi literatur mengenai pakaian adat suku dayak kenyah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh lalu dianalisis dan dikelompokkan sesuai dengan konsep geometri datar dan ruang  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pakaian adat suku dayak Kenyah Desa Pampang terdapat konsep geometri datar dan ruang, meliputi (1) garis sejajar pada Baheng; (2) Persegi pada Tabit; (3) persegi panjang pada Tabit, Kelempit, dan Ta’a; (4) Segitiga Siku-siku pada Tabit dan Kelempit; (5) Segitiga Sama kaki pada Besunung; (6) Trapesium Sama Kaki pada Besunung, Tabit, dan Kelempit; (7) Belah Ketupat pada Kelempit, Seleng, dan Anting; (8) Lingkaran pada Kelempit, Sapai, Tapung, Sabau, dan Seleng; (9) Prisma Segitiga pada Kelempit; dan (10) Tabung pada Baheng. Namun pada penelitian ini tidak menemukan konsep geomeri datar dan ruang pada pakaian adat Bluko, Uleng, dan Kirip.
Analisis Kesalahan Berdasarkan Tahapan Kastolan dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Kontekstual pada Soal Trigonometri
Authors: Utari Ni Putu Riska , Wibawa Kadek Adi , Wena I Made
Published: April 2024

Matematika merupakan salah satu ilmu pengetahuan yang banyak memberikan kontribusi dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun, masih banyak ditemukan kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika salah satunya pada soal trigonometri kontekstual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya kesalahan dan apa penyebab siswa melakukan kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan masalah kontekstual pada materi trigonometri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA SMA PGRI 4 Denpasar dengan jumlah 28 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah kontekstual pada soal trigonometri adalah kesalahan konseptual dilakukan sebanyak 39,34%, kesalahan prosedural sebanyak 24,6%, kesalahan teknikal sebanyak 36,06%. Penyebab kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa adalah terlalu terburu-buru dalam menyelesaikan soal yang diberikan, kurang teliti dalam menghitung, tidak fokus dalam mengerjakan soal yang diberikan, kurang teliti dalam memasukkan data pada soal, kurang memanfaatkan waktu dengan baik saat mengerjakan soal, ketidakpahaman siswa dalam mengerjakan soal, tidak memeriksa kembali pekerjaannya sebelum dikumpulkan.
Meta Analisis Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Contekstual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nur Muhammad Awal
Published: April 2024

Banyaknya penelitian terdahulu terkait pengaruh model pembelajaran Contekstual Teaching and Learning terhadap hasil belajar matematika memberikan informasi dampak yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Contekstual Teaching and Learning terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa sekolah dasar. Desain penelitian ini adalah meta-analisis dengan menganalisis 22 artikel penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran efek gabungan adalah d = 1,07; p < 0,01. Ukurun efek  berdasarkan jenjang kelas adalah Qb =2,70 ; p > 0,05, berdasarkan wilayah adalah Qb = 24,669; p < 0,05, berdasarkan ukuran sampel adalah Qb = 0,072 ; p > 0,05, berdasarkan tahun publikasi adalah Qb = 1,764; p > 0,05. Kesimpulan: Model pembelajaran Contekstual Teaching and Learning berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa sekolah dasar. Pengaruh model  pembelajaran Contekstual Teaching and Learning dibandingkan dengan pengajaran langsung terhadap hasil belajar matematika berbeda menurut kelompok wilayah. Sedangkan kelompok jenjang kelas, ukuran Sampel dan tahun publikasi tidak berbeda.
Vutrisiran (Amvuttra)
Authors: CADTH
Published: April 2024

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada’s federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses vutrisiran (Amvuttra), 25 mg, prefilled syringe, administered via subcutaneous injection.
Indication: For the treatment of stage 1 or stage 2 polyneuropathy in adult patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis.
Kamulaştırma bilgi sistemi (KaBİS) altyapısı kurulması
Authors: Çelik Kemal
Published: April 2024

Kamulaştırma; kamu yararı amacıyla, tüzel ve özel kişilere ait gayrimenkullerin karşılığını peşin ödemek suretiyle kamuya geçirilmesidir. Kamulaştırma işlemi yapılırken taşınmaz maliklerine ödenen bedeller genellikle bu amaçla kurulan kıymet takdir komisyonları ve mahkemelerin belirlediği bilirkişilerce belirlenmektedir. Bu kapsamda kamulaştırma işlemlerine yardımcı olması amacıyla bir kamulaştırma bilgi sistemi kurulması önerilmektedir. Kamulaştırma işlemi, Anayasa’nın 46. Maddesine dayalı çıkarılan 2942 sayılı Kamulaştırma Kanunu kapsamında yapılmaktadır. Kamulaştırma Kanunu’nda yapılan değişiklikle taşınmazı kamulaştırılan kişi dava açmayıp, kamulaştırma yapan idarenin “kamulaştırma bedelinin tespiti ve tescil davası” açarak gayrimenkulün öncelikle bedeli belirlenmeye başlanmıştır. Gayrimenkule yönelik belirlenen kıymet takdirlerini tutan bir sistem bulunmamaktadır. Ülkemizde kurulan gayrimenkul değerleme şirketlerinin kendine has tuttukları sistemleri bulunmaktadır. Bu sistemler değerleme işlemi yapan diğer kişilere açılmamıştır. Dolayısıyla kamulaştırma işlemlerinde oluşan kıymet takdirleri harita üzerinde görüntülenememektedir. Aynı cadde ve sokağa bakan parsellerin değerlerinde iki katına varan farklılıkların olması, değer haritası veya kamulaştırma bilgi sistemi olmayışı eksikliğinden meydana gelmektedir. Kamulaştırma Bilgi Sistemi ile veri tabanında depolanan verilere yönelik her türlü konumsal ve konumsal olmayan analizler yapılabilecektir. Kurulacak kamulaştırma bilgi sistemi sayesinde kamulaştırma işlemlerinde yaşanan değer adaletsizliği ortadan kaldırılacaktır. Trabzon ilinde yapılan bu çalışmada kamulaştırma bilgi sistemi altlığı oluşturulmuştur.
A DINÂMICA DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS ERP E SEU IMPACTO NA ANÁLISE DE NEGÓCIOS
Authors: Melo Júnior Hermócrates Gomes , Duarte Alexandre Marins , Schiehl Elisandra Fatima , Souza Jakeline Farias , Andrade Filho Marcos Antonio Soares de
Published: April 2024

Este estudo abordou o desafio de integrar Sistemas de Planejamento de Recursos Empresariais (ERP) na análise de negócios dentro das organizações, com o objetivo de entender como esses sistemas podem aprimorar a tomada de decisões e a eficiência operacional. Investigou-se a importância dos sistemas ERP na integração de processos empresariais e na facilitação de uma análise de negócios mais precisa e fundamentada. A metodologia adotada focou na revisão de literatura, analisando estudos de caso e teorias relevantes para captar tanto as vantagens quanto os desafios da implementação dos sistemas ERP. Os resultados indicaram que, apesar dos sistemas ERP oferecerem uma plataforma valiosa para a consolidação de dados e apoio à decisão, sua implementação exige uma adaptação significativa dos processos de negócio e a superação de obstáculos técnicos e culturais. Concluiu-se que a efetiva implementação de sistemas ERP é fundamental para a análise de negócios, promovendo melhorias na gestão de estoque, eficiência operacional e adaptabilidade de mercado, contudo, requer cuidado na seleção, customização e integração com as práticas empresariais existentes.
CASE DE SUCESSO: AUMENTO NOS INDICADORES DE AVALIAÇÃO EXTERNA ATRAVÉS DA RESSIGNIFICAÇÃO DA PRÁXIS ESCOLAR
Authors: Gimiliani Tiago Escame , Coutinho Diogenes José Gusmão
Published: April 2024

Essa pesquisa tem como foco de análise os resultados obtidos pela Escola Municipal em avaliações externas em larga escola, como o SAEB. Trata-se de uma investigação de cunho qualitativo e quantitativo, que tem como metodologia a pesquisa documental e de análise de dados. Ainda, vamos avaliar as mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas da escola para compreender as mudanças feitas pela escola para que ela tivesse uma posição de destaque nos resultados do IDEB. A pesquisa mostrará que há diversas mudanças que uma escola precisa ter diante da pedagogia tradicional para obter desempenho de excelência no IDEB e indicará que foi a utilização das metodologias ativas que possibilitou a evolução gradativa dos indicadores da escola.
Pyrogenic HONO seen from space: insights from global IASI observations
Authors: Franco Bruno , Clarisse Lieven , Theys Nicolas , Hadji-Lazaro Juliette , Clerbaux Cathy , Coheur Pierre
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) is a key atmospheric component, acting as a major source of the hydroxyl radical (OH), the primary oxidant in the Earth's atmosphere. However, understanding its spatial and temporal variability remains a significant challenge. Recent TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)/Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) measurements of fresh fire plumes shed light on the impact of global pyrogenic HONO emissions. Here, we leverage Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)/MetOp's global infrared satellite measurements, complementing midday TROPOMI observations with morning and evening overpasses, to detect and retrieve pyrogenic HONO in 2007–2023. Employing a sensitive detection method, we identify HONO enhancements within concentrated fire plumes worldwide. Most detections are in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid- and high latitudes, where intense wildfires and high injection heights favour HONO detection. IASI's nighttime measurements yield 10-fold more HONO detections than daytime measurements, emphasizing HONO's extended lifetime in the absence of photolysis during the night. The annual detection count increases by at least 3–4 times throughout the IASI time series, mirroring the recent surge in intense wildfires at these latitudes. Additionally, we employ a neural-network-based algorithm for retrieving pyrogenic HONO total columns from IASI and compare them with TROPOMI in the same fire plumes. The results demonstrate TROPOMI's efficacy in capturing HONO enhancements in smaller fire plumes and in proximity to fire sources, while IASI's morning and evening overpasses enable HONO measurements further downwind, highlighting the survival of HONO or its secondary formation along long-range transport in smoke plumes.
Global aerosol-type classification using a new hybrid algorithm and Aerosol Robotic Network data
Authors: Wei Xiaoli , Cui Qian , Ma Leiming , Zhang Feng , Li Wenwen , Liu Peng
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The properties of aerosols are highly uncertain owing to the complex changes in their composition in different regions. The radiative properties of different aerosol types differ considerably and are vital for studying aerosol regional and/or global climate effects. Traditional aerosol-type identification algorithms, generally based on cluster or empirical analysis methods, are often inaccurate and time-consuming. In response, our study aimed to develop a new aerosol-type classification model using an innovative hybrid algorithm to improve the precision and efficiency of aerosol-type identification. This novel algorithm incorporates an optical database, constructed using the Mie scattering model, and employs a random forest algorithm to classify different aerosol types based on the optical data from the database. The complex refractive index was used as a baseline to assess the performance of our hybrid algorithm against the traditional Gaussian kernel density clustering method for aerosol-type identification. The hybrid algorithm demonstrated impressive consistency rates of 90 %, 85 %, 84 %, 84 %, and 100 % for dust, mixed-coarse (mixed, course-mode aerosol), mixed-fine (mixed, fine-mode aerosol), urban/industrial, and biomass burning aerosols, respectively. Moreover, it achieved remarkable precision, with evaluation metric indexes for micro-precision, micro-recall, micro-F1-score, and accuracy of 95 %, 89 %, 91 %, and 89 %, respectively. Lastly, a global map of aerosol types was generated using the new hybrid algorithm to characterize aerosol types across the five continents. This study, utilizing a novel approach for the classification of aerosol, will help improve the accuracy of aerosol inversion and determine the sources of aerosol pollution.
The Far-INfrarEd Spectrometer for Surface Emissivity (FINESSE) Part II: First measurements of the emissivity of water in the far-infrared
Authors: Warwick Laura , Murray Jonathan , Brindley Helen
Published: April 2024

Abstract. In this paper we describe a method for retrieving surface emissivity across the wavenumber range 400–1600 cm-1 using novel radiance measurements from the Far INfrarEd Spectrometer for Surface Emissivity (FINESSE) instrument. FINESSE is described in detail in part I of this paper. We apply the method to two sets of measurements of distilled water. The first set of emissivity retrievals is of distilled water heated above ambient temperature to enhance the signal to noise ratio. The second set of emissivity retrievals is of ambient temperate water at a range of viewing angles. In both cases the observations agree well with calculations based on compiled refractive indices across the mid and far-infrared. It is found that the reduced contrast between the up and downwelling radiation in the ambient temperature case degrades the performance of the retrieval. Therefore a filter is developed to target regions of high contrast which improves the agreement between the ambient temperature emissivity retrieval and the predicted emissivity. These retrievals are, to the best of our knowledge, the first published 10 retrievals of the emissivity of water that extend into the far-infrared and demonstrate a method that can be used for the in-situ retrieval of the emissivity of other surfaces in the field.
A global perspective on CO2 satellite observations in high AOD conditions
Authors: Virtanen Timo H. , Sundström Anu-Maija , Suhonen Elli , Lipponen Antti , Arola Antti , O'Dell Christopher , Nelson Robert R. , Lindqvist Hannakaisa
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Satellite-based observations of carbon dioxide (CO2) are sensitive to all processes that affect the propagation of radiation in the atmosphere, including scattering and absorption by atmospheric aerosols. Therefore, accurate retrievals of column-averaged CO2 (XCO2) benefit from detailed information on the aerosol conditions. This is particularly relevant for future missions focusing on observing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, such as the Copernicus Anthropogenic CO2 Monitoring mission (CO2M). To fully prepare for CO2M observations, it is informative to investigate existing observations in addition to other approaches. Our focus here is on observations from the NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory -2 (OCO-2) mission. In the operational full-physics XCO2 retrieval used to generate OCO-2 level 2 products, the aerosol properties are known to have high uncertainty but their main objective is to facilitate CO2 retrievals. We evaluate the OCO-2 product from the point of view of aerosols by comparing the OCO-2 retrieved aerosol properties to collocated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) Aqua Dark Target aerosol products. We find that there is a systematic difference between the aerosol optical depth (AOD, τ) values retrieved by the two instruments, such that τOCO−2 ∼ 0.4τMODIS. We also find a dependence of the XCO2 on the AOD difference, indicating an aerosol-induced effect in the XCO2 retrieval. In addition, we find a weak but statistically significant correlation between MODIS AOD and XCO2, which can be partly explained by natural covariance and co-emission of aerosols and CO2 but is partly masked by the aerosol-induced XCO2 bias. Furthermore, we find that issues in the OCO-2 aerosol retrieval may lead to misclassification of the quality flag for a small fraction of OCO-2 retrievals. Based on MODIS data, 4.1 % of low AOD cases are incorrectly classified as high AOD (low quality) pixels, while 16.5 % of high AOD cases are erroneously classified as low AOD (high quality) pixels. Finally, we investigate the effect of an AOD threshold on the fraction of acceptable XCO2 data. We find that relaxing the MODIS AOD threshold from 0.2 to 0.5 (at 550 nm), which is the goal for the CO2M, increases the fraction of acceptable data by 14 percentage points globally, and by 31 percentage points for urban areas.
Global scale gravity wave analysis methodology for the ESA Earth Explorer 11 candidate CAIRT
Authors: Rhode Sebastian , Preusse Peter , Ungermann Jörn , Polichtchouk Inna , Sato Kaoru , Watanabe Shingo , Ern Manfred , Nogai Karlheinz , Sinnhuber Björn-Martin , Riese Martin
Published: April 2024

Abstract. In the past, satellite climatologies of gravity waves (GWs) have initiated progress in their representation in global models. However, these could not provide the phase speed and direction distributions needed for a better understanding of the interaction between GWs and the large-scale winds directly. The ESA Earth Explorer 11 candidate CAIRT could provide such observations. CAIRT would use a limb imaging Michelson interferometer resolving a wide spectral range allowing temperature and trace gas mixing ratios measurements. With the proposed instrument design, a vertical resolution of 1 km, an along-track sampling of 50 km, and an across-track sampling of 25 km in a 400 km wide swath will be achieved. In particular, this allows for the observation of 3-dimensional, GW-resolving temperature fields throughout the middle atmosphere. In this work, we present the methodology for the GW analysis of CAIRT observations using a limited-volume 3D sinusoidal fit (S3D) wave analysis technique. We assess the capability of CAIRT to provide high-quality GW fields by generating synthetic satellite observations from high-resolution model data and comparing the synthetic observations to the original model fields. For the assessment, wavelength spectra, phase speed spectra, horizontal distributions, and zonal means of GW momentum flux (GWMF) are considered. The atmospheric events we use to exemplify the capabilities of CAIRT are the 2006 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event, the QBO in the tropics, and the mesospheric pre-conditioning phase of the 2019 SSW event. Our findings indicate that CAIRT would provide highly reliable observations of global scale GW distributions and drag patterns but also of specific wave events and their associated wave parameters. Even under worse-than-expected noise levels of the instrument, the resulting GW measurements are highly consistent with the original model data. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the estimated GW parameters can be used for ray tracing, which physically extends the horizontal coverage of the observations beyond the orbit tracks.
Milankovitch Theory “as an Initial Value Problem”
Authors: Verbitsky Mikhail , Volobuev Dmitry
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The dynamics of large ice sheets is fundamentally defined by the advection of mass and temperature. The timescale of these processes is critically dependent on the surface mass balance. Because of the ice-climate system's nonlinearity, its response to the orbital forcing in terms of engagement of negative and positive feedbacks is not symmetrical. This asymmetry may reduce the effective mass influx, and the resultant advection timescale may become longer, which is equivalent to a longer system’s memory of its initial conditions. In this case the Milankovitch theory becomes an initial value problem: Depending on initial conditions, for the same orbital forcing and for the same balance between terrestrial positive and negative feedbacks, the historical glacial rhythmicity could have been dominated either by the eccentricity period of ~100 kyr, or by the doubled obliquity period of ~80 kyr, or by a combination of both. In fact, empirical records demonstrate that the dominant period of the Late Pleistocene ice ages evolved from ~80-kyr to ~100-kyr rhythmicity. The quantitative similarity of this dominant-period trajectory and the one, made by the long-memory model, suggests that the records of the Late Pleistocene glacial rhythmicity could have been produced by a long-memory initial-value-dependent climate system, or, in other words, the slopes in empirical dominant-period trajectories are signatures of a long memory. The scaling law of the dominant-period trajectory provides a theoretical insight into the discovered phenomenon. It reveals that this trajectory is dependent on the memory duration that is sensitive to initial conditions. The sensitivity of the memory duration to initial values emerges as the result of system’s incomplete similarity in two similarity parameters colliding into one conglomerate similarity parameter that is the ratio of the advection timescale and the orbital period. The critical dependence of this similarity parameter on poorly defined accumulation-minus-ablation mass balance as well as its dependence on initial values makes ice ages to be hardly predictable and disambiguation of paleo-records to be extremely challenging. The quasi-eccentricity periods produced by the long-memory system in response to pure obliquity forcing make a remarkable example of this challenge because in the time series they may be naively attributed to the eccentricity modulated precession forcing.
Contrail altitude estimation using GOES-16 ABI data and deep learning
Authors: Meijer Vincent R. , Eastham Sebastian D. , Waitz Ian A. , Barrett Steven R.H.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The climate impact of persistent aircraft contrails is currently estimated to be comparable to that due to aviation-emitted CO2. A potential near-term and low-cost mitigation option is contrail avoidance, which involves re-routing aircraft around ice supersaturated regions, preventing the formation of persistent contrails. Current forecasting methods for these regions of ice supersaturation have been found to be inaccurate when compared to in situ measurements. Further assessment and improvements of the quality of these predictions can be realized by comparison with observations of persistent contrails, such as those found in satellite imagery. In order to further enable comparison between these observations and contrail predictions, we develop a deep learning algorithm to estimate contrail altitudes based on GOES-16 ABI infrared imagery. This algorithm is trained using a dataset of 3267 contrails found within CALIOP LIDAR data and achieves a root mean square error of 570 m. The altitude estimation algorithm outputs probability distributions for the contrail top altitude in order to represent predictive uncertainty. The 95 % confidence intervals constructed using these distributions, which are shown to contain approximately 95 % of the contrail data points, are found to be 2.2 km thick on average. These intervals are found to be 34.1 % smaller than the 95 % confidence intervals constructed using flight altitude information alone, which are 3.3 km thick on average. Furthermore, we show that the contrail altitude estimates are consistent in time and, in combination with contrail detections, can be used to observe the persistence and three-dimensional evolution of contrail forming regions from satellite images alone.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis of tourmaline: protocols, procedures, and predicaments
Authors: McMillan Nancy J. , Dutrow Barbara L.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an appropriate choice of analytical tool for analysis of complex minerals because it is rapid, requires little sample preparation, and acquires major and trace element compositional information on all naturally occurring elements at concentrations above their intrinsic levels of detection for the specific analyte material. Tourmaline, a complex borosilicate mineral supergroup, was chosen as a test mineral due to the complexity of its major and minor element composition. Four analytical issues were investigated during project development: (1) the spacing between analytical laser shots to avoid analysis of the recast from previous laser ablations, (2) the efficacy of using a cleaning shot prior to data acquisition, (3) the number of ablations required to collect an average spectrum that is representative of the tourmaline sample, and (4) the effect of spectrometer drift on principal component analysis (PCA) when using the entire LIBS spectra to model the compositional variations within the sample suite. The minimum spacing between locations of analysis was determined to be 800 µm for the analytical conditions used in this study by examining spectra acquired in a 2×2 grid across a quartz–tourmaline boundary. At a spacing of 100 µm, twice the diameter of the laser beam, the intensity of the boron I peaks at 249.68 and 249.77 nm was very low in the first location (quartz) but quite high in the fourth location (quartz) due to deposition of tourmaline-composition recast by laser shots in the second and third locations (both on tourmaline). Increasing the distance between locations to 800 µm ensured that the area analyzed largely avoided the recast layer from previous ablations. Given that the distribution of recast was taken into account, no cleaning shots were collected. PCA score plots calculated using successively larger numbers of spectra from the same sample show that a total of 64 spots, or 16 2×2 grids, are needed to acquire a representative average analysis of tourmaline. Spectrometer drift was recognized in PCA loading plots by a characteristic splitting of element peaks; half the peak indicates positive loading and the other half of the peak indicates negative loading. Drift correction was aligned by placing the Ca II peak at 393.34 nm in the 393.398 bin; this correction eliminated split peaks in loading plots. The resolution of these issues yielded LIBS spectra suitable for multivariate statistical analysis that can be applied to understanding geologic processes. These results contribute to the application of rapid LIBS analysis of complex geomaterials.
Global 1 km land surface parameters for kilometer-scale Earth system modeling
Authors: Li Lingcheng , Bisht Gautam , Hao Dalei , Leung L. Ruby
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (“k-scale”). However, the surface parameters for land surface models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse-resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1 km land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31 % to 54 % of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSM and ESM modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change. The 1 km land surface parameters are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10815170 (Li et al., 2024).
The first hillslope thermokarst inventory for the permafrost region of the Qilian Mountains
Authors: Peng Xiaoqing , Yang Guangshang , Frauenfeld Oliver W. , Li Xuanjia , Tian Weiwei , Chen Guanqun , Huang Yuan , Wei Gang , Luo Jing , Mu Cuicui , Niu Fujun
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Climate warming and anthropogenic disturbances result in permafrost degradation in cold regions, including in the Qilian Mountains. These changes lead to extensive hillslope thermokarst (HT) formation, such as retrogressive thaw slumps, active-layer detachment slides, and thermal erosion gullies. These in turn cause, e.g., degradation of local vegetation, economic losses, infrastructure damages, and threats to human safety. However, despite its importance, there is currently no thermokarst inventory for the Qilian Mountains. Through manual visual interpretation and field validation, we therefore produce the first quantification of HT features. We count a total of 1064 HT features, with 67 % located in the upper reaches of the Heihe River basin, which encompasses ∼ 13 % of the Qilian Mountains region. We further identified that 187 HT features (18 %) existed before 2010, while the remaining 874 (82 %) were initiated in the recent period. More specifically, 392 sites (37 %) were initiated during 2010–2015 and 482 (45 %) after 2015. Thermokarst terrain is observed primarily in areas with shallow active-layer depths (average thickness 2.98 m) on northern shaded slopes of 3–25°, with low solar radiation and moderate elevations ranging from 3200 to 4000 m. This first inventory of HT features is an important and missing piece in documenting changes on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, and this new dataset also provides an important basis for further studies, such as automated extraction of HT features, susceptibility analysis of HT, and estimation of losses caused by HT. The datasets are available from the National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center and can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.11888/Cryos.tpdc.300805 (Peng and Yang, 2023).
Modeling water balance components of conifer species using the Noah-MP model in an eastern Mediterranean ecosystem
Authors: Amini Fasakhodi Mohsen , Djuma Hakan , Sofokleous Ioannis , Eliades Marinos , Bruggeman Adriana
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Few studies have investigated the performance of land surface models for semi-arid Mediterranean forests. This study aims to parameterize and test the performance of the Noah-MP land surface model for an eastern Mediterranean ecosystem. To this end, we modeled the water balance components of two conifer species, Pinus brutia, and Cupressus sempervirens, in a plantation forest on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The study area has a long-term average annual rainfall of 315 mm. Observations from 4 sap flow and 48 soil moisture sensors, for the period from December 2020 to June 2022, were used for model parameterization. A local sensitivity analysis found that the surface infiltration (REFKDT), hydraulic conductivity (SATDK), and stomatal resistance (RSMIN) parameters had the highest impacts on the soil water balance components and transpiration. The model performed better during the wetter 9-month validation period (379 mm rain) than during the drier 10-month calibration period (175 mm rain). Average soil moisture in the top 60-cm of the soil profile was reasonably well captured for both species (daily NSE > 0.70 for validation). Among the three soil layers, the second layer (20–40 cm) showed better simulation performance during both periods and for both species. The model exhibited limitations in simulating transpiration, particularly during the drier calibration period. Inclusion of a root distribution function in the model, along with the monitoring of soil moisture below the 60-cm soil depth in the field, could improve the accuracy of model simulations in such water-limited ecosystems.
Evaluation of debris-flow building damage forecasts
Authors: Barnhart Katherine R. , Miller Christopher R. , Rengers Francis K. , Kean Jason W.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Reliable forecasts of building damage due to debris flows may provide situational awareness and guide land and emergency management decisions. Application of debris-flow runout models to generate such forecasts requires combining hazard intensity predictions with fragility functions that link hazard intensity with building damage. In this study, we evaluated the performance of building damage forecasts for the 9 January 2018 Montecito postfire debris-flow runout event, in which over 500 buildings were damaged. We constructed forecasts using either peak debris-flow depth or momentum flux as the hazard intensity measure and applied each approach using three debris-flow runout models (RAMMS, FLO-2D, and D-Claw). Generated forecasts were based on averaging multiple simulations that sampled a range of debris-flow volume and mobility, reflecting typical sources and magnitude of pre-event uncertainty. We found that only forecasts made with momentum flux and the D-Claw model could correctly predict the observed number of damaged buildings and the spatial patterns of building damage. However, the best forecast only predicted 50 % of the observed damaged buildings correctly and had coherent spatial patterns of incorrectly predicted building damage (i.e., false positives and false negatives). These results indicate that forecasts made at the building level reliably reflect the spatial pattern of damage but do not support interpretation at the individual building level. We found the event size strongly influences the number of damaged buildings and the spatial pattern of debris-flow depth and velocity. Consequently, future research on the link between precipitation and the volume of sediment mobilized may have the greatest effect on reducing uncertainty in building damage forecasts. Finally, because we found that both depth and velocity are needed to predict building damage, comparing debris-flow models against spatially distributed observations of building damage is a more stringent test for model fidelity than comparison against the extent of debris-flow runout.
Full Scale Wind Turbine Performance Assessment: A Customised, Sensor-Augmented Aeroelastic Modelling Approach
Authors: Malik Tahir H. , Bak Christian
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Blade erosion on wind turbines causes significant performance degradation, impairing aerodynamic efficiency and reducing power production. However, traditional SCADA based monitoring systems lack effectiveness for early detection and quantification of these losses. This research builds on an established method with a sensor-augmented aeroelastic modelling approach to enhance wind turbine performance assessment, focusing on blade erosion. Applying this approach to a distinct turbine model, the study integrates HAWC2 aeroelastic simulations with real-world operational data analysis. Preliminary simulations identified readily available sensors sensitive to blade surface roughness changes caused by erosion. Operational data analysis validated the initial sensor selection and the method. Refined simulations with various virtual sensors were conducted, utilising Cohen's d to quantify the effect size of sensor readings across different turbulence levels and blade states. Findings indicate that sensors such as blade tip torsion, blade root flap moment, shaft moment and tower moments, especially under lower turbulence intensities, are particularly sensitive to erosion. This confirms the need for a turbine-specific, controller-informed approach to sensor selection and highlights the limitations of generic solutions. This research offers a framework for bridging simulation insights with operational data, enabling the enhancement of condition monitoring systems (CMS), resilient turbine designs and maintenance strategies tailored to operating conditions.
OC6 project Phase IV: validation of numerical models for novel floating offshore wind support structures
Authors: Bergua Roger , Wiley Will , Robertson Amy , Jonkman Jason , Brun Cédric , Pineau Jean-Philippe , Qian Quan , Maoshi Wen , Beardsell Alec , Cutler Joshua , Pierella Fabio , Hansen Christian Anker , Shi Wei , Fu Jie , Hu Lehan , Vlachogiannis Prokopios , Peyrard Christophe , Wright Christopher Simon , Friel Dallán , Hanssen-Bauer Øyvind Waage , dos Santos Carlos Renan , Frickel Eelco , Islam Hafizul , Koop Arjen , Hu Zhiqiang , Yang Jihuai , Quideau Tristan , Harnois Violette , Shaler Kelsey , Netzband Stefan , Alarcón Daniel , Trubat Pau , Connolly Aengus , Leen Seán B. , Conway Oisín
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This paper provides a summary of the work done within Phase IV of the Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration, Continued with Correlation and unCertainty (OC6) project, under International Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Programme Task 30. This phase focused on validating the loading on and motion of a novel floating offshore wind system. Numerical models of a 3.6 MW horizontal-axis wind turbine atop the TetraSpar floating support structure were compared using measurement data from a 1:43-Froude-scale test performed in the University of Maine's Alfond Wind–Wave (W2) Ocean Engineering Laboratory. Participants in the project ran a series of simulations, including system equilibrium, surge offsets, free-decay tests, wind-only conditions, wave-only conditions, and a combination of wind and wave conditions. Validation of the models was performed by comparing the aerodynamic loading, floating support structure motion, tower base loading, mooring line tensions, and keel line tensions. The results show a relatively good estimation of the aerodynamic loading and a reasonable estimation of the platform motion and tower base fore–aft bending moment. However, there is a significant dispersion in the dynamic loading for the upwind mooring line. Very good agreement was observed between most of the numerical models and the experiment for the keel line tensions.
La internacionalización del sector apícola argentino desde una mirada empresarial con énfasis en las cooperativas
Authors: Andrieu Jimena , Bernal Jurado Enrique , V Adoración
Published: April 2024

Entre los países del Sur global, Argentina enfrenta el desafío de desarrollarse mediante la internacionalización de su economía, basada en una matriz exportadora de productos primarios de origen agropecuario. Se advierten así desafíos para superar limitaciones al desarrollo, derivadas de exportaciones basadas en procesos de apropiación histórica del don gratuito de la naturaleza. Por ello, se analizan qué características empresariales pueden aportar una mejor performance exportadora con criterios de equidad. El enfoque configuracional, cubre un vacío existente en la literatura al evaluar cómo, diversas combinaciones de atributos empresariales explican el desempeño de una entidad en los mercados exteriores. Se utiliza el método de Análisis Comparativo Cualitativo (QCA) para estudiar el sector apícola argentino. Se realizó una encuesta en el año 2022 a entidades con personalidad jurídica que tributaron en la producción primaria apícola en Argentina. Se propone un análisis de conjuntos difusos a los fines de conocer las características de las firmas que inciden positivamente sobre el mayor grado de vinculación con los mercados externos evaluando dos modelos, que se diferencian entre sí a partir de observar si la exportación es directa o se encuentra mediada por terceros. Los resultados muestran que los siguientes factores influyen positivamente en una mayor internacionalización en el área de estudio: el tamaño de la entidad, las estrategias de integración vertical y el acceso a la financiación. Respecto a la figura jurídica de cooperativa, se observa para el modelo general una ocurrencia positiva; sin embargo, en el modelo de exportaciones directas la ocurrencia es negativa. Respecto a la incidencia de la orientación al mercado, en el modelo general se advierte una incidencia negativa sobre la performance exportadora, pero en el segundo modelo aparece una incidencia positiva. Por esto, la evidencia aporta elementos claves para comprender los desafíos de la internacionalización en el marco empresarial de la apicultura argentina y que seguro son de utilidad en la transferencia del conocimiento al sector.
Effects of Facilitating Internal Control Mechanisms on Financial Sustainability:The Case of Local Governments in Spain
Authors: De Vicente-Lama Marta , Tirado-Valencia Pilar , Barral-Rivada Antonio , Toscano-Valle Beatriz
Published: April 2024

This paper provides evidence about the effects of facilitating internal control mechanisms on the financial sustainability of local governments. Specifically, it explores the effect of Spanish regulation mandating that municipalities prepare the Annual Financial Control Plan (PACF for its acronym in Spanish). The study is based on the PACFs of 77 Spanish municipalities and relates the quality of risk analysis and the scope of planned public audit activities to the financial sustainability of the municipalities. Our results show that higher quality risk-based planning and increased use of operational audits contribute to financial sustainability. We also find that municipalities with less complex structures and women in positions of responsibility, such as mayor or controller, have greater financial sustainability. In contrast, a lack of resources for the development of the control function is a limiting factor.
Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Pandemic Outcomes: Evidence from Spatial Quantile Regression
Authors: Lee Jim , Huang Yuxia
Published: April 2024

This paper evaluates the empirical relevance of a prominent social vulnerability measure to local economic and public health outcomes at two distinct stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast to traditional least-squares regression, conditional quantile regression offers stronger evidence in support of social vulnerability for predicting the pandemic’s uneven economic devastation and death tolls across the United States. An extension of the spatial autoregressive geographically weighted regression model to conditional quantile regression reveals the varying role of social vulnerability within and across broad regions that were exposed to different levels of pandemic impacts.
Peningkatan Kesehatan Masyarakat dalam Mengurangi Sampah Rumah Tangga di RT 60 dan RT 71 Banten 6 Kota Palembang
Authors: Yuniza Yuniza
Published: April 2024

Latar Belakang : Sampah merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi olehbanyak kota di seluruh dunia. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara berkembangpenyumbang sampah terbesar di dunia. Indonesia adalah penyumbang sampahterbesar kedua dengan volume 187,2 juta ton/tahun, dengan China pada posisipertama dengan 262,9 juta ton/tahun. Wilayah kelurahan 16 Ulu merupakankelurahan yang terbesar diantara wilayah kelurahan di Kecamatan Seberang Ulu IIKota Palembang tetapi warga masyarakatnya belum memiliki kesadaran sertaketerampilan dalam pengolahan sampah organik rumah tangga menjadi sesuatuyang lebih bermanfaat, terdapat (77,14%) warga yang masih lalai dalampembuangan sampah di halaman lingkungan sekitar. Sanitasi lingkungan menjadifactor pemicu kejadian stunting. Salah satu masalah sanitasi lingkungan adalahpeningkatan jumlah sampah. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan laju pertumbuhanindustri yang semakin pesat akan memberikan dampak pada jumlah sampah yangdihasilkan, Sampah padat yang banyak dihasilkan berasal dari aktivitas rumahtangga sekitar (55-80%) yang terdiri dari sampah organik dan sampah anorganik.Pengelolaan sampah dengan membuat tempat sampah berwarna merupakanprogram dari Dinas Kebersihan dan akan diterapkan pada kelurah 16 Ulu RT 60dan RT 71 untuk mengurangi terjadinya penyakit dari penyebab membuang sampahtidak tepat. Kegiatan ini dilakukan hari Rabu, 31 Januari 2024, sebelum memulaikegiatan, kelompok melakukan penyuluhan tentang sampah, antara lain berupapengertian sampah, cara memilih sampah yang baik, baru kami melakukan kegiatanini dengan gotong royong bersama, dengan memilah dan memilih sampah yangbaik dan benar. Dengan adanya kegiatan ini mendapat merubah perilaku kebiasaanmasyarakat dalam mengurangi sampah rumah tangga yang berserakan.
PENINGKATAN PERAN SERTA MASYARAKAT DALAM PENANGGULANGAN SAMPAH BERSAMA MAHASISWA IKesT MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG
Authors: Cahya Ningrum Windy Astuti
Published: April 2024

Sampah merupakan sisa kegiatan sehari hari manusia atau proses alam yang jika biarkan tertumpuk tanpa adanya penanggulangan dari masyarakat maka dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan. Dampak yang ditimbulkan diantaranya penyakit diare, tifus, penyakit kulit, serta penyakit yang dapat menyebar melalui rantai makanan. Selain itu, dapat mencemari air yang ada serta dapat mengancam keberadaan organisme di dalamnya Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dan peran serta masysrakat dalam kebersihan lingkungan melalui edukasi dengan media leafet kepada peserta. Berdasarkan pendataan didapatkan bahwa 44,77% warga kelurahan 13 ulu RT.09, RT.10, RT.11, dan RT.12 memiliki kurangnya kesadaran terhadap pengelolaan sampah. Edukasi kesehatan tentang pengolahan sampah yang baik dan kegiatan gotong royong yang melibatkan mahasiswa dan peran serta masyarakat dapat membantu masyarakat memahami pentingnya memiliki perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dengan bebas sampah di lingkungan sekitar.
Upaya Optimalisasi Pengendalian Hipertensi Peserta BPJS Kesehatan Melalui Program Prolanis di Klub Prolanis Puskesmas Pakjo Kota Palembang
Authors: Idris Fachmi , Tjekyan Suryadi , Pariyana  , Liberty Iche Andriyani
Published: April 2024

Salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi perhatian serius oleh pemerintah adalah hipertensi karena dapat menimbulkan komplikasi penyakit lain yang lebih berbahaya jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Prevalensi hipertensi di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan sebesar 30,44%, untuk di kota Palembang sendiri mencapai 31,19% (Riskesdas, 2018). Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan pada selama 3 hari (tidak berurutan). Pada hari pertama kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah Focus Group Discussion yang dihadiri oleh tim pengmas serta petugas dari Puskesmas Pakjo yang membahas terkait pelaksanaan prolanis di Puskesmas Pakjo dan rencana jadwal selanjutnya. Pada hari kedua kegiatan yang dilakukan terdiri dari senam bersama, pemeriksaan kesehatan dan edukasi, penyuluhan mengenai prolanis dan hipertensi, dan pemberian hadiah. Kegiatan pada hari kedua ini diikuti oleh 40 orang peserta prolanis, tim pengmas, dan petugas Puskesmas Pakjo. Hasil dari kegiatan tersebut diantaranya adalah dari 40 peserta yang berpartisipasi 75% penderita hipertensi, 10% penderita diabetes melitus, dan 15% penderita hipertensi dan diabetes melitus serta terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan sesudah diberikan penyuluhan mengenai prolanis dan hipertensi. Pada hari ketiga, kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah home visit ke rumah pasien hipertensi yang tidak rutin memeriksakan diri ke Puskesmas Pakjo.