bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single to Two Cluster State Transition of Primary Motor Cortex 4-posterior (MI-4p) Activities in Humans
Authors: Nakada Kazunori , Suzuki Kiyotaka , Nakada Tsutomu
Published: November 2015

The human primary motor cortex has dual representation of the digits, namely, area 4 anterior (MI-4a) and area 4 posterior (MI-4p). We have previously demonstrated that activation of these two functional subunits can be identified independently by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using independent component-cross correlation-sequential epoch (ICS) analysis. Subsequent studies in patients with hemiparesis due to subcortical lesions and monoparesis due to peripheral nerve injury demonstrated that MI-4p represents the initiation area of activation, whereas MI-4a is the secondarily activated motor cortex requiring a “long-loop” feedback input from secondary motor systems, likely the cerebellum. A dynamic model of hand motion based on the limit cycle oscillator predicts that the specific pattern of entrainment of neural firing may occur by applying appropriate periodic stimuli. Under normal conditions, such entrainment introduces a single phase-cluster. Under pathological conditions where entrainment stimuli have insufficient strength, the phase cluster splits into two clusters. Observable physiological phenomena of this shift from single cluster to two clusters are: doubling of firing rate of output neurons; or decay in group firing density of the system due to dampening of odd harmonics components. While the former is not testable in humans, the latter can be tested by appropriately designed fMRI experiments, the quantitative index of which is believed to reflect group behavior of neurons functionally localized, e.g., firing density in the dynamic theory. Accordingly, we performed dynamic analysis of MI-4p activation in normal volunteers and paretic patients. The results clearly indicated that MI-4p exhibits a transition from a single to a two phase-cluster state which coincided with loss of MI-4a activation. The study demonstrated that motor dysfunction (hemiparesis) in patients with a subcortical infarct is not simply due to afferent fiber disruption. Maintaining proper afferent signals from MI-4p requires proper functionality of MI-4a and, hence, appropriate feedback signals from the secondary motor system.
Participatory Multi-Criteria Assessment of Forest Planning Policies in Conflicting Situations: The Case of Tenerife
Authors: Acosta Montserrat , Corral Serafin
Published: November 2015

Sustainable forest planning should involve the participation of stakeholder communities in the decision-making process. This participation can help avoid the possible rejection of new planning measures. In this paper, the decision-making process to implement regulations on the use of forest tracks on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) is analyzed. In recent years, the number of people using the island’s forest environments has notably increased, leading to conflicts between different users of the tracks; as a result, the Island Council of Tenerife is working on regulating these pathways. This paper describes the framing analysis, design, and implementation of a participatory multi-criteria approach to explore, together with stakeholders, the best policy alternatives related to forest planning and management issues of forest track use. To do this, a set of tools has been developed, consisting of institutional analysis, participatory methods, and multi-criteria assessment techniques.
Quantifying the Mechanical Properties of Materials and the Process of Elastic-Plastic Deformation under External Stress on Material
Authors: Valíček Jan , Harničárová Marta , Öchsner Andreas , Hutyrová Zuzana , Kušnerová Milena , Tozan Hakan , Michenka Vít , Šepelák Vladimír , Mitaľ Dušan , Zajac Jozef
Published: November 2015

The paper solves the problem of the nonexistence of a new method for calculation of dynamics of stress-deformation states of deformation tool-material systems including the construction of stress-strain diagrams. The presented solution focuses on explaining the mechanical behavior of materials after cutting by abrasive waterjet technology (AWJ), especially from the point of view of generated surface topography. AWJ is a flexible tool accurately responding to the mechanical resistance of the material according to the accurately determined shape and roughness of machined surfaces. From the surface topography, it is possible to resolve the transition from ideally elastic to quasi-elastic and plastic stress-strain states. For detecting the surface structure, an optical profilometer was used. Based on the analysis of experimental measurements and the results of analytical studies, a mathematical-physical model was created and an exact method of acquiring the equivalents of mechanical parameters from the topography of surfaces generated by abrasive waterjet cutting and external stress in general was determined. The results of the new approach to the construction of stress-strain diagrams are presented. The calculated values agreed very well with those obtained by a certified laboratory VÚHŽ.
Integrated Voltage—Current Monitoring and Control of Gas Metal Arc Weld Magnetic Ball-Jointed Open Source 3-D Printer
Authors: Nilsiam Yuenyong , Haselhuhn Amberlee , Wijnen Bas , Sanders Paul , Pearce Joshua
Published: November 2015

To provide process optimization of metal fabricating self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) 3-D printers requires a low-cost sensor and data logger system to measure current (I) and voltage (V) of the gas metal arc welders (GMAW). This paper builds on previous open-source hardware development to provide a real-time measurement of welder I-V where the measuring circuit is connected to two analog inputs of the Arduino that is used to control the 3-D printer itself. Franklin firmware accessed through a web interface that is used to control the printer allows storing the measured values and downloading those stored readings to the user’s computer. To test this custom current and voltage monitoring device this study reports on its use on an upgraded all metal RepRap during the printing of aluminum alloy (ER1100, ER4043, ER4943, ER4047, and ER5356). The voltage and current data were analyzed on a per alloy basis and also layer-by-layer in order to evaluate the device’s efficacy as a monitoring device for 3-D printing and the results of the integrated design are discussed.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Some Quinoxaline Derivatives: A Promising and Potent New Class of Antitumor and Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Al-Marhabi Aisha , Abbas Hebat-Allah , Ammar Yousry
Published: November 2015

In continuation of our endeavor towards the development of potent and effective anticancer and antimicrobial agents; the present work deals with the synthesis of some novel tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalines, N-pyrazoloquinoxalines, the corresponding Schiff bases, 1,2,4-triazinoquinoxalines and 1,2,4-triazoloquinoxalines. These compounds were synthesized via the reaction of the key intermediate hydrazinoquinoxalines with various reagents and evaluated for anticancer and antimicrobial activity. The results indicated that tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives showed the best result, with the highest inhibitory effects towards the three tested tumor cell lines, which were higher than that of the reference doxorubicin and these compounds were non-cytotoxic to normal cells (IC50 values > 100 μg/mL). Also, most of synthesized compounds exhibited the highest degrees of inhibition against the tested strains of Gram positive and negative bacteria, so tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives show dual activity as anticancer and antimicrobial agents.
Structural Stability of Diffusion Barriers in Cu/Ru/MgO/Ta/Si
Authors: Hsieh Shu-Huei , Chen Wen , Chien Chu-Mo
Published: November 2015

Various structures of Cu (50 nm)/Ru (2 nm)/MgO (0.5–3 nm)/Ta (2 nm)/Si were prepared by sputtering and electroplating techniques, in which the ultra-thin trilayer of Ru (2 nm)/MgO (0.5–3 nm)/Ta (2 nm) is used as the diffusion barrier against the interdiffusion between Cu film and Si substrate. The various structures of Cu/Ru/MgO/Ta/Si were characterized by four-point probes for their sheet resistances, by X-ray diffractometers for their crystal structures, by scanning electron microscopes for their surface morphologies, and by transmission electron microscopes for their cross-section and high resolution views. The results showed that the ultra-thin tri-layer of Ru (2 nm)/MgO (0.5–3 nm)/Ta (2 nm) is an effective diffusion barrier against the interdiffusion between Cu film and Si substrate. The MgO, and Ta layers as deposited are amorphous. The mechanism for the failure of the diffusion barrier is that the Ru layer first became discontinuous at a high temperature and the Ta layer sequentially become discontinuous at a higher temperature, the Cu atoms then diffuse through the MgO layer and to the substrate at the discontinuities, and the Cu3Si phases finally form. The maximum temperature at which the structures of Cu (50 nm)/Ru (2 nm)/MgO (0.5–3 nm)/Ta (2 nm)/Si are annealed and still have low sheet resistance is from 550 to 750 °C for the annealing time of 5 min and from 500 to 700 °C for the annealing time of 30 min.
Exploring No-Cost Opportunities for Public Sector Information Systems Energy Efficiency: A Tennessee Application
Authors: Brooks Kendra , Pettigrew Talton
Published: November 2015

The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) completed a pilot project within its Central Office spaces to test the utilization of computer power management (CPM) technologies to implement power saving settings on state-owned, network-connected computer equipment. Currently, the State of Tennessee has no clear protocol regarding energy-conserving power settings on state-owned machines. Activation of monitor sleep modes and system standby and hibernation modes on 615 Central Office computers over an 18-month period reduced energy consumption by an estimated 8093 kWh and $526 per month, amounting to approximately $6312 in cost savings for Tennessee annually. If implemented throughout State of Tennessee executive agencies across the state, energy cost savings could amount to an estimated $323,341 annually. The research endeavored to understand both positive and negative impacts that strategic power management approaches can have on energy consumption, worker productivity, network security, and state budgets. Nearly all impacts discussed were positive. Based on successful results within TDEC Central Office spaces in Tennessee Tower, and considering the potential cost savings that could be achieved, expansion of the implementation of computer power management policies to machines in offices across the state was recommended.
Estimation of Rainfall Associated with Typhoons over the Ocean Using TRMM/TMI and Numerical Models
Authors: Yeh Nan-Ching , Liu Chung-Chih , Chen Wann-Jin
Published: November 2015

This study quantitatively estimated the precipitation associated with a typhoon in the northwestern Pacific Ocean by using a physical algorithm which included the Weather Research and Forecasting model, Radiative Transfer for TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder model, and data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)/TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and TRMM/Precipitation Radar (PR). First, a prior probability distribution function (PDF) was constructed using over three million rain rate retrievals from the TRMM/PR data for the period 2002–2010 over the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Subsequently, brightness temperatures for 15 typhoons that occurred over the northwestern Pacific Ocean were simulated using a microwave radiative transfer model and a conditional PDF was obtained for these typhoons. The aforementioned physical algorithm involved using a posterior PDF. A posterior PDF was obtained by combining the prior and conditional PDFs. Finally, the rain rate associated with a typhoon was estimated by inputting the observations of the TMI (attenuation indices at 10, 19, 37 GHz) into the posterior PDF (lookup table). Results based on rain rate retrievals indicated that rainband locations with the heaviest rainfall showed qualitatively similar horizontal distributions. The correlation coefficient and root-mean-square error of the rain rate estimation were 0.63 and 4.45 mm·h−1, respectively. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient and root-mean-square error for convective rainfall were 0.78 and 7.25 mm·h−1, respectively, and those for stratiform rainfall were 0.58 and 9.60 mm·h−1, respectively. The main contribution of this study is introducing an approach to quickly and accurately estimate the typhoon precipitation, and remove the need for complex calculations.
L’accueil des enfants de 2 à 3 ans. Regards croisés sur une catégorie d’âge dans différents lieux d’accueil collectif
Authors: Garnier Pascale , Brougère Gilles , Rupin Pablo , Rayna Sylvie , La Valle Natalia
Published: November 2015

Dans un système d’accueil et d’éducation de la petite enfance fortement divisé selon l’âge et les institutions, cette recherche étudie la vie collective des enfants à l’âge « charnière » de 2 à 3 ans dans différentes structures collectives de la petite enfance : une section de « grands » d’une crèche, un jardin maternel et, dans deux écoles maternelles, une classe passerelle dans l’une et une classe de « tout-petits – petits » dans l’autre. Afin de confronter les expériences vécues des acteurs de première ligne de ces différents lieux, la méthodologie choisie croise principalement l’observation des enfants et les points de vue des professionnelles et des parents, sur la base de supports visuels (photos et vidéo). En analysant successivement l’organisation institutionnelle des âges, la culture matérielle, les pratiques professionnelles et les représentations des parents, les auteurs montrent comment ces lieux font vivre aux enfants des expériences différentes qui les rendent « grands » à la crèche et « trop petits » à l’école maternelle. L’intérêt du jardin maternel et de la classe passerelle est de présenter des figures intermédiaires de ces différentes manières de faire jouer l’âge des enfants.
Former les futurs professionnels de la petite enfance. Entre soin et éducation, quelle place pour les affects ?
Authors: Ulmann Anne-Lise , Rodriguez Daniela , Guyon Marc
Published: November 2015

À partir d’une recherche ethnographique sur le travail auprès des jeunes enfants et la formation des futurs professionnels de la petite enfance (titulaires d’un certificat d''aptitude professionnelle et auxiliaires de puériculture), effectuée dans des espaces de formation comme dans des lieux d’accueil des enfants (crèches et écoles maternelles), cet article présente la manière dont la formation structure les pratiques professionnelles qui se distinguent des pratiques domestiques. Il montre que, pour revaloriser ce travail méconnu, les formateurs substituent aux pratiques profanes des futurs professionnels des techniques de travail élaborées en référence au monde du soin. Des disjonctions entre la formation et l’exercice professionnel visent à mieux faire reconnaître ces métiers mais soulignent la fragilité de ces fondements qui peuvent rendre le travail encore plus difficile à tenir. Les efforts et les difficultés éprouvées pour mettre en pratique des apprentissages visent à juguler la place des affects dans les rapports aux tout-petits.
Jeunes et au RSA. Près de 180 000 jeunes de moins de 25 ans en France métropolitaine
Authors: Reduron Vincent
Published: November 2015

fre: RSA,Jeunes,Insertion professionnelle , Précarité
Réguler le développement des microcrèches en milieu urbain. Le cas des Hauts-de-Seine
Authors: Harguindeguy Manon , Vabre Frédéric
Published: November 2015

fre: Hauts-de-Seine , Microcrèche , EAJE , Caf, PMI , Paje , PSU
L’avenir de la codification
Authors: Zenati-Castaing Frédéric
Published: November 2015

Codification is a creation of modern law. Therefore, it cannot deal with postmodern law. However, because of its universalism, it may pretend to participate to the building of a global legal order. But it does it in a different way, near the jus commune one.
Fundamental Rights, Meaning, Content and Discrimination. A Franco-Indian Comparison
Authors: Halperin Jean-Louis , Prakash Amit
Published: November 2015

Despite their great differences in population and legal systems, India and France are confronted with comparable problems in recasting fundamental rights declared in their constitutions. In both countries, there are tensions between the principle of equality and the fight against discriminations, as between social rights and individual rights, the latter being boosted by the neo-liberal trends. Through the study of recent case law from the Supreme Court of India and the Constitutional Council in France, this paper tries to show which are the constitutional constraints that must be taken in account to change the meaning of fundamental rights.
Gouvernance d’entreprise en Belgique. La nouvelle donne
Authors: Tchotourian Ivan
Published: November 2015

La gouvernance d’entreprise renvoie aux règles et aux pratiques concernant la manière d’organiser et de gérer les sociétés par actions. Alors que cette thématique est longtemps demeurée en marge des réflexions du droit français des sociétés et des marchés financiers, la survenance d’une série de scandales et de crises économiques à l’aube du XXIe siècle a amené à modifier cet état de fait. L’ouverture des marchés, l’accroissement de la financiarisation des entreprises et la mutation de l’actionnariat des sociétés cotées ont fait de la gouvernance des entreprises une norme universelle que le droit ne peut aujourd’hui plus ignorer. L’amélioration du dispositif réglementaire de

corporate governance est depuis quelques temps au coeur des préoccupations, non seulement de l’État français et de bien d’autres (États-Unis, …), mais encore des organisations internationales (ONU, OCDE, Union européenne). Or, le caractère international de la gouvernance d’entreprise impose que les discussions sur son devenir soient menées au travers d’une démarche comparative. Aussi est-il intéressant de porter un regard sur les choix législatifs opérés en Belgique par la loi du 6 avril 2010. Premièrement, certaines modifications au cadre réglementaire sont connues du juriste français et sont sources de questionnements identiques à ceux existant en France. Deuxièmement, un certain nombre d’options choisies par le gouvernement belge a un caractère original et est susceptible d’apporter des arguments aux débats animés qui ont lieu, à l’heure actuelle, en France.
Étude comparée des sûretés réelles en droit français et en droit chinois
Authors: Zeng Rongxin
Published: November 2015

Au cours de ces dernières années, les sûretés réelles ont connu une profonde mutation tant en droit français qu’en droit chinois, sous l’influence de facteurs tantôt identiques tantôt très spécifiques. En droit français, le Code civil regroupe les sûretés réelles en deux grandes catégories : les sûretés sur les meubles (le gage avec ou sans dépossession, le nantissement, la fiducie-sûreté, la réserve de propriété, les privilèges mobiliers) et celles sur les immeubles (l’hypothèque, le gage immobilier, la fiducie-sûreté et les privilèges immobiliers). En droit chinois, l’hypothèque (l’hypothèque immobilière et l’hypothèque mobilière qui est comparable au gage sans dépossession en droit français), le gage (le gage de meubles corporels et le gage de droits qui s’approche du nantissement en droit français) et le droit de rétention forment la structure essentielle du droit des sûretés réelles et sont les seules sûretés nommées en droit chinois. Outre cette différence formelle, la différence de fond entre les régimes des sûretés réelles dans ces deux pays mérite aussi une étude approfondie, laquelle devrait toujours être conduite du double point de vue français et chinois.
Flowers of the early‐branching papilionoid legume Petaladenium urceoliferum display unique morphological and ontogenetic features
Authors: Prenner Gerhard , Cardoso Domingos , Zartman Charles E. , de Queiroz Luciano P.
Published: November 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Floral development can help to shed light on puzzling features across flowering plants. The enigmatic Amazonian monospecific genus Petaladenium of the legume family (Leguminosae) had rarely been collected and only recently became available for ontogenetic studies. The fimbriate‐glandular wing petals of P. urceoliferum are unique among the more than 19000 legume species. Ontogenetic data illuminate the systematic position of the genus and foster our understanding on floral evolution during the early diversification of the papilionoid legumes.

METHODS:

Flower buds were collected in the field, fixed in 70% ethanol, and investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results were compared with existing material from early‐diverging papilionoid legumes.

KEY RESULTS:

Formation of sepals and petals shows bidirectional tendencies. Stamens arise in two whorls, and the single carpel arises concomitantly with the outer stamen whorl. Gland formation starts early on the edges of the wing petals. The carpel reopens for a short time when the initiation of ovules is visible. Stomata at the base of the hypanthium indicate that the flower functions like other standard flag blossoms.

CONCLUSIONS:

The floral ontogeny confirms the close affinity of P. urceoliferum with the florally heterogeneous, early‐diverging papilionoid Amburaneae clade. The results strengthen the theory of a distinct experimental phase among early‐branching papilionoid legumes during which a wider range of floral morphologies arose. Polysymmetry, monosymmetry, variable organ numbers, and a wide range of ontogenetic patterns laid the foundation for a successful canalization toward the more restricted but well‐adapted dorsiventral papilionoid flag blossom.
The Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS): Unifying Efforts to Inform Practice and Improve Global Outcomes in Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Perl Jeffrey , Davies Simon J. , Lambie Mark , Pisoni Ronald L. , McCullough Keith , Johnson David W. , Sloand James A. , Prichard Sarah , Kawanishi Hideki , Tentori Francesca , Robinson Bruce M.
Published: November 2015

Background

Extending technique survival on peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains a major challenge in optimizing outcomes for PD patients while increasing PD utilization. The primary objective of the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS) is to identify modifiable practices associated with improvements in PD technique and patient survival. In collaboration with the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD), PDOPPS seeks to standardize PD-related data definitions and provide a forum for effective international collaborative clinical research in PD.

Methods

The PDOPPS is an international prospective cohort study in Australia, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). Each country is enrolling a random sample of incident and prevalent patients from national samples of 20 to 80 sites with at least 20 patients on PD. Enrolled patients will be followed over an initial 3-year study period. Demographic, comorbidity, and treatment-related variables, and patient-reported data, will be collected over the study course. The primary outcome will be all-cause PD technique failure or death; other outcomes will include cause-specific technique failure, hospitalizations, and patient-reported outcomes.

Results

A high proportion of the targeted number of study sites has been recruited to date in each country. Several ancillary studies have been funded with high momentum toward expansion to new countries and additional participation.

Conclusion

The PDOPPS is the first large, international study to follow PD patients longitudinally to capture clinical practice. With data collected, the study will serve as an invaluable resource and research platform for the international PD community, and provide a means to understand variation in PD practices and outcomes, to identify optimal practices, and to ultimately improve outcomes for PD patients.
AN INTEGRATED MODEL TO SELECT AN ERP SYSTEM FOR CHINESE SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Authors: ZENG Yu-Rong , WANG Lin , XU Xian-Hao
Published: November 2015

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is a vital investment that can significantly affect future competitiveness and performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Selecting the best desirable ERP software covering both qualitative and quantitative factors has been the most critical problem for a long time. On the other hand, multiple criteria decision making has been found to be a useful approach to analyze conflicting factors. Qualitative criteria are often accompanied by ambiguities and vagueness. This makes fuzzy and grey logic become more natural approaches to handle this kind of problem. This paper presents a new approach for the selection of SME-specific ERP systems. Firstly, criteria for SMEs in China to evaluate the most suitable ERP system are put forward using group-discussing and anonymous questionnaire methods. An effective and practical algorithm, which is integrated of modified Delphi, analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and grey relational analysis, is utilized to convert the qualitative description to quantitative data to select the most appropriate alternative in the presence of vagueness and uncertainty. Finally, the potential use of the proposed model is illustrated through a case study.
INTEGRATIVE MODEL FOR THE SELECTION OF A NEW PRODUCT LAUNCH STRATEGY, BASED ON ANP, TOPSIS AND MCGP: A CASE STUDY
Authors: LIAO Chin-Nung , LIN Chih-Hsiang , FU Yan-Kai
Published: November 2015

New product launch strategy is a key competitive advantage for a new product development. A new product launch is a multiple criteria decision-making problem, which involves evaluating different criteria or attributes in a strategy selection process. The purpose of this paper is to develop a qualitative and quantitative approach for the selection of a new product launch strategy. The current study proposes an integrated approach, integrating analytic network process, the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution and multi-choice goal programming, which can be used to determine the best launch strategy for marketing problems. The advantage of this integrated method is that it enables the consideration of both tangible (qualitative) and intangible (quantitative) criteria as well as both “more/higher is better” (e.g., benefit criteria) and “less/lower is better” (e.g., cost criteria) in the launch strategy of a new product selection problem. To show the practicality and usefulness of this method, an empirical example of a watch company is demonstrated.
CAN RESIDENTIAL INTEGRATION BE A STABLE EQUILIBRIUM?
Authors: CONEJEROS Raúl , VARGAS Miguel
Published: November 2015

Shelling’s model and its different versions predict that segregation is the unique stable equilibrium. However, cities around the world show different levels of intermingle, and it is very uncommon to observe fully segregated urban patterns even when segregation is high. We argue that individuals do not take into account only their neighbours characteristics for making a location decision. In particular, if residential segregation generates ghettos of low-skilled labourers, the societal level of production would diminish and, consequently, individuals’ level of consumption too, affecting all society members’ well-being. When agents care about the impact of segregation on their own consumptions, we prove that the set of system’s equilibria can be one containing states of residential integration. Besides, using simulations, we compare the aggregated utility related to these equilibria with the maximum level of aggregated utility.
Extremism and Terrorism as Destabilizing Factors of Society
Authors: Svoboda Ivo , Hrbata Michael
Published: November 2015

The article defines extremisms and terrorism as eventual destabilizing moments in society. The paper decomposes possible reasons and grounds of their manifestation, the authors point out that certain signs indicate the penetration of extremisms and terrorism into armed forces structures and civil service, by means of concrete persons. At the end they propose general rules and approaches to keep up this topical phenomenon of the present day.
Operational Approach Development: Application of Operational Art Theory in Practice (1st part)
Authors: Spišák Ján
Published: November 2015

The article deals with aspects of operational art inside the operations planning process. It deals with the concepts of operational design and suggests a possible way of introducing such theory into the development process of operational approach. This paper is a free sequel to several articles published in Military Review on this theme. It introduces several professional terms in the field of operational art, up to now not officially established.
Topical Reflections over Nations Bounded by International Law
Authors: Padrnos Jaroslav
Published: November 2015

Respecting rules of international laws is indispensable to guarantee a peace balance among forces of all states. It ought to be in their own interest. By and large, the flagrant breaking of those rules and acts of aggression correspond directly to the military power of individual states. Examples are abundant. This essay deals with the definition of aggression that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 14, 1974.
Armed Conflict and Relations of its Economic Analysis
Authors: Olejníček Aleš
Published: November 2015

The topic of this essay is an insight into the interrelations of the economic analysis of armed conflict. The author tries to explain its substance and importance and at the same time he warns against the difficulties with its implementation. Backed by several studies, we must conclude that there is a lot of confusion in terminology we use. It is therefore proposed to apply cost-benefit analysis, so that we could create a unified terminology and simultaneously to use this analysis to present armed conflict economy in terms of overall expenses vs. likely benefits aroused by respective armed warfare.
Security Dimension of Israeli Maritime Borders
Authors: Kutěj Libor
Published: November 2015

Příspěvek se zabývá vybranými bezpečnostními aspekty námořních hraničních linií Státu Izrael. V krátkosti vymezuje současnou organizaci izraelského válečného námořnictva a jeho vybavení pro zabezpečování izraelské svrchovanosti proti hrozbám přicházejícím z moře, včetně zadržovacích operací vedoucích k zabránění šíření zbraní do rukou protiizraelských teroristických organizací. V souvislosti s izraelskou námořní blokádou pásma Gazy je komentována legitimita takového kroku a mezinárodněpolitické konsekvence jejího vynucování. Ekonomické souvislosti přetrvávajících problémů stran izraelské námořní hranice jsou evidentní na příkladu sporu o právo k využití podmořských nalezišť plynu.
Concept of Kant's Peace: Settling Disputes Peacefully
Authors: Průchová Petra
Published: November 2015

This essay is focused upon the concept of Perpetual Peace (1795) by the German Philosopher Immanuel Kant. To reach this goal, he advocated the establishment of a word federation of republican states. But some key prerequisites (s.c. preliminary and definitive articles) must be completed. The authoress compares the Kant's concepts with the ideas of solidarity by the Czech philosopher Jan Patočka. The readers themselves must pass the judgement whether Kant's prerequisites of eternal peace-even for more then two centuries-are fulfilled, or not. This subject matter belongs to a relatively young field of study dealing with war and peace, the so-called paxology, the theory how peace can be maintained in the world. This essay is focused upon the concept of Perpetual Peace (1795) by the German Philosopher Immanuel Kant. To reach this goal, he advocated the establishment of a word federation of republican states. But some key prerequisites (s.c. preliminary and definitive articles) must be completed. The authoress compares the Kant's concepts with the ideas of solidarity by the Czech philosopher Jan Patočka. The readers themselves must pass the judgement whether Kant's prerequisites of eternal peace-even for more then two centuries-are fulfilled, or not. This subject matter belongs to a relatively young field of study dealing with war and peace, the so-called paxology, the theory how peace can be maintained in the world.
Critical Analysis of Interconnection between Planning by Objectives and Capability Planning
Authors: Petráš Zdeněk
Published: November 2015

The article brings outcomes from the critical analysis of interaction between planning by objectives and capability planning. The analysis is based on the assumption that the strategic decision-making process should be assisted by a systemic tool, enabling a financial assessment of capabilities, identified as a prerequisite for accomplishing politico-military ambitions. Taking into account the current planning system, as implemented within the Ministry of Defence, the planning by objectives might become this tool. However, for providing an efficient planning by objectives, it is necessary to derive relevant findings from the capability planning, which basically includes data on capability assessment, identified capability shortfalls and their prioritisation. Therefore, findings from capability planning process are a keystone for conceiving objectives for the area of capability development. Both capability planning and planning by objectives are to be seen as communicating conveyances, where a level of mutual interactions significantly influences effectiveness of defence performance management. The analysis is aimed at identification and description of discrepancies hampering an efficient interconnection between planning by objectives and capability planning and, as a conclusion, the analysis proposes a definition of the core problem which causes respective discrepancies.
European Naval Strategy: Analysis of Selected Issues in EU Member States
Authors: Šafářová Tereza
Published: November 2015

Europe is a maritime continent whose economic concerns and security could be backed only by the power of navy forces. The Czech Republic is not a maritime state, but it is a member country of both NATO and the EU, it participates in the formation of common security policy. Czech soldiers could take part in combined joint military operations, where one of forces is also a Navy. Dozens of Czech citizens are employed in common international institutes and staffs; they all need a broader view, including the knowledge of Integrated European Naval Strategy. Their activities promote the status of the Czech Republic at international level. This contribution contextually explores European space and its naval power. It introduces naval forces projection of European national navies, the bulk of which best respond to current security issues, along with decisions of the national governments of the EU and NATO member states. The article also dedicates extensive attention to the Russian naval strategy.
The Big Data Phenomenon as a Trend Influencing Technical Intelligence Disciplines
Authors: Havlík Martin
Published: November 2015

This specialised article deals with Big Data and the exploitation of this current day phenomenon in the field of intelligence disciplines, based on technical methods of data gathering and its relevant assessments. The introduction deals with the issue of development of the security environment and gives general overview on the current trends in the field of technical branches. The following chapter analyses the main trends, especially the digitalisation of the battlefield, rise in data volume and the development of new technologies. The next chapter is focused on the basic terminology description of the Big Data issue, which leads into final assessment and certain prediction of future development in this field and the rise of importance of this trend for the intelligence disciplines in future.
Generation Z’s teachers and their digital skills
Authors: Fernández-Cruz Francisco-José , Fernández-Díaz María-José
Published: November 2015

The presence of technological resources in schools and the high performance of socalled «Technology Generation» or «Generation Z» students are not enough to develop students' digital competence. The primary key is determined by the technological and pedagogical skills of teachers. In this paper, we intend to analyze the level of ICT skills of teachers in primary and secondary establishing a competency framework adapted to the Spanish educational environment, using as a basis the standards established by UNESCO in 2008 and reformulated in the year 2011. For this purpose, a questionnaire was done to show the profile of ICT teacher training faculty of the sample (80 schools and 1,433 teachers in the Community of Madrid) to study the characteristics of better trained for the development of teachers was conducted Digital jurisdiction under the Ministry of Education of Spain. The study results show a significant difference between optimal ICT skills and the low skills that teachers really have to develop learning activities with technological tools for their students. Teachers’ digital skills are very important in the development of learning processes to introduce technologies as tools in the service of education, and this study will allow us to make decisions in policy formation and throughout early career teachers.

La mera presencia de recursos tecnológicos en los centros y las altas capacidades de los alumnos de la «Generación Tecnológica» o «Generación Z», no son suficientes para desarrollar en los alumnos la competencia digital. La clave fundamental viene determinada por las competencias tecnológicas y pedagógicas de los docentes. En este trabajo, se pretende analizar el nivel de competencias en TIC de los profesores de Primaria y Secundaria estableciendo un marco competencial de referencia adaptado al ámbito educativo español, utilizando como base los estándares establecidos por la UNESCO en el año 2008 y reformulados en el año 2011. Para ello, se realizó un cuestionario que permitió establecer el perfil de formación docente en TIC del profesorado de la muestra (80 colegios y 1.433 profesores de la Comunidad de Madrid), para estudiar las características del profesorado mejor formado para el desarrollo de la competencia digital que establece el Ministerio de Educación de España. Los resultados muestran una alarmante diferencia entre las competencias que debieran tener los profesores para desarrollar la competencia digital en sus alumnos y la que verdaderamente tienen. Las competencias digitales del profesorado son muy relevantes en el desarrollo de procedimientos de aprendizaje que introduzcan las tecnologías como herramientas al servicio de la educación y este estudio nos permitirá tomar decisiones en política de formación inicial y a lo largo de la carrera profesional del profesorado.
Version contemporaine de l’object-presenting
Authors: Weyl Dimitri , Benhaïm Michèle
Published: November 2015

La clinique quotidienne auprès des enfants et l’observation des relations actuelles parents/enfants nous ont amenés à tenter de cerner les enjeux contemporains relatifs à la toute-puissance de l’enfant en nous référant aux dimensions de la fonction maternelle que Winnicott découpe en « holding », « handling » et « object-presenting », mais en nous autorisant à en examiner les éléments séparément, c’est-à-dire en nous penchant exclusivement sur la troisième dimension, celle de la présentation de l’objet . Cette réflexion s’appuie sur le suivi d’un enfant et de ses deux parents en CMPP et se propose sous deux perspectives : celle d’une élaboration théorique du concept d’ object-presenting à l’épreuve des enjeux contemporains de la relation parents/enfants, et l’exploration d’une situation clinique atypique de cette logique actuelle. Les discours et idéologies dominants n’œuvrent pas ici primairement sur la subjectivité et la construction identitaire de cet enfant, car les parents n’en sont pas – ou peu – porteurs, mais secondairement, dans un effet de rencontre entre une problématique psychopathologique et ce que « le discours du capitalisme » promeut, notamment via l’usage massifiant des images, du rapport du sujet à l’objet du désir.
De l'inquiétante étrangeté à l'atmosphère délirante
Authors: Troubé Sarah Talila
Published: November 2015

De l'inquiétante étrangeté d'une œuvre d'art à l'atmosphère délirante psychotique, en passant par les vacillements de la réalité névrotiques, la catégorie des sentiments d'étrangeté apparaît particulièrement vaste. Or, ces phénomènes suscitent des questionnements cliniques et épistémologiques révélateurs des débats contemporains autour des notions de psychose atténuée et de continuum psychotique. La comparaison des descriptions des sentiments d'étrangeté proposées par Janet et Freud, ainsi que les analyses de l'atmosphère délirante par la psychiatrie phénoménologique, amèneront à interroger les différenciations cliniques pouvant être opérées au sein de ces phénomènes, selon les diverses modalités du rapport subjectif à la réalité mondaine et psychique.
L'impossible à écrire et l'illisible
Authors: Gutermann-Jacquet Deborah
Published: November 2015

Dans son Séminaire le Sinthome , Lacan, avec Joyce, en passe par la littérature et l'écrivain pour démontrer ce qui, dans le style d'une écriture peut toucher au réel. Comment la recherche stylistique permet-elle à l'écrivain de subvertir l'impossible à dire et à écrire ? L'époque produit une littérature spécifique, symptomatique même. De quoi est fait l'illisible qui fait basculer la littérature du côté de lituraterre  ?
Perspectives on the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Angres Daniel , DuPont Robert , Gold Mark S.
Published: November 2015

Health care providers, addiction specialists, and legislators are in agreement that novel and more effective means of reducing opioid and other addicting substance misuse and abuse are critical at this time in our country. The statistics are dismal and increasingly alarming, with more and more individuals at risk. The widespread availability and use of the antiopiate pharmaceutical, naloxone, to reverse life-threatening overdoses is a beginning and a step in the right direction, but can only be considered an initial intervention. What should follow naloxone? We know the answer if the patient is an anesthesiologist resuscitated in the hospital. For everyone who is not a licensed health provider, it is less clear. Substance abuse treatment in the United States is predominantly outpatient, short term, and with few objective checks on the effectiveness of treatment. Substance abuse treatment of health professions is radically different in that it is not a treatment program but is a program of active care management. This management includes residential treatment and sustained monitoring of abstinence. Few addicted patients receive anything that approximates evidence-based care.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2015;45(10):522–526.]
Medication Management and e-Care Planning: What are the Opportunities for the Future?
Authors: Ogle Stacy M. , Cooke Catherine E. , Brandt Nicole J.
Published: November 2015

Effective communication and coordination of care is a priority strategy to improve health care quality in the United States. To address this strategy, care coordinators are being integrated into clinical practice settings and tasked with developing patient-centered care plans. One component of the care plan is the development of a medication list. This care plan medication list facilitates many medication management functions performed by pharmacists, such as identifying and resolving medication-related problems. Health information technology enables access to data to assist developing the medication list for the care plan and also provides routes to communicate the care plan with other health care providers, patients, and caregivers. The current article reviews the current landscape for promoting effective medication-related communication and care plan information. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 41
(10), 13–17.]
Systemic Lead Toxicity
Authors: Chandrasekar Suraj , Lomasney Laurie M. , Derhammer Nathan
Published: November 2015

A 4-year-old girl with slow mentation had increasing knee tenderness and limping gait.
Femoral Bone Plug in Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Vulcano Ettore , Regazzola Gianmarco M. V. , Murena Luigi , Ronga Mario , Cherubino Paolo , Surace Michele F.
Published: November 2015

The intramedullary alignment guides used in total knee replacement disrupt the intramedullary vessels, resulting in greater postoperative blood loss. The use of an autologous bone plug to seal the intramedullary femoral canal has been shown to be effective in reducing postoperative bleeding. The authors present a simple technique to create a bone plug from the anterior chamfer femoral cut to perfectly seal the intramedullary canal of the femur. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(10):617–618.]
Outcomes of a Newer-Generation Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty Design
Authors: Harwin Steven F. , Elmallah Randa K. , Jauregui Julio J. , Cherian Jeffrey J. , Mont Michael A.
Published: November 2015

Newer-generation cementless total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) aim to improve durability, function, and longevity. In a large series of cementless TKAs at a mean 4-year follow-up, the authors evaluated (1) survivorship, (2) range of motion, (3) patient-reported outcomes, and (4) complications. Mean age was 66 years (range, 34–88 years) and mean body mass index was 32.5 kg/m
2
(range, 20–54 kg/m
2
). Aseptic and septic implant survivorships were 99.6% and 99.5%, respectively. Mean extension, flexion, and Knee Society scores improved significantly. There were 3 septic failures. Aseptic failures included 3 aseptic loosenings, 1 polyethylene revision, and 1 revision to a cemented patella. This study showed excellent clinical and patient-reported outcomes of cementless TKA. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(10):620–624.]
National Trends in Operative Treatment of Pediatric Fractures in the Ambulatory Setting
Authors: Bernstein Derek T. , Chen Christopher , Zhang Wei , McKay Scott D.
Published: November 2015

This study evaluated the expanding role of freestanding ambulatory surgery centers in pediatric fracture care based on the only national ambulatory surgery database within the United States. Released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1996 and again in 2006, these reports were used to estimate the volume of outpatient pediatric operative fracture care in the United States over a decade, based on
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification,
procedure codes. Particular attention focused on the prevalence of open vs closed vs percutaneous fixation. The estimated number of pediatric patients who presented to outpatient facilities and required operative fracture care between 1996 and 2006 increased by 88%, from 74,577±4663 to 140,152±9138. During this time, the use of outpatient surgical services for pediatric fractures increased threefold, from 10%±1% in 1996 to 32%±2% in 2006. An even greater preference for freestanding ambulatory surgery centers was observed during this same time by a factor of 7, from 3%±1% to 21%±4%. Additionally, a trend toward higher volumes of open and percutaneous fixation in freestanding ambulatory surgery centers and not in hospital-associated outpatient centers was observed. This study showed the expanding role of freestanding ambulatory surgery centers in the surgical treatment of pediatric fractures based on data from the only national ambulatory surgery database in the United States. The proportion of open and percutaneous treatment vs closed reduction of fractures in these facilities also greatly increased. Further study is needed to evaluate clinical outcomes and determine which fractures are most appropriately treated in the ambulatory vs hospital setting. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(10):e869–e873.]