bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network Audio Data and Music Composition Teaching Based on Heterogeneous Cellular Network
Authors: Zhang Qi
Published: June 2022

With the rapid development of services such as Industry 4.0 and Internet of Vehicles, it is difficult for traditional cellular networks to meet the needs of network users for quantification, diversification, and greenness in the future. Various cellular networks expand multiple micro-cell nodes and relay nodes under macro-cells to form a multilayer network architecture. Based on this, in the process of data transmission, the links have been repeatedly reduced, and at the same time, the terminal power consumption has been reduced and the running system has been improved. This article will use the ratio of the capacity, energy consumption, and resource allocation of different cellular networks as the main means to optimize the cost. Using graph theory, auction theory, and multipurpose optimization algorithms, we have conducted in-depth research topics on upstream and downstream wireless resource allocation, network relay deployment and transmission scheduling, MMW large-scale multi-antenna transmission technology, and base station energy management. A series of optimization schemes and algorithms are proposed. This dissertation is based on the research of educational system design theory in the field of educational technology so as to carry out the research of music education system design theory suitable for the nature of music subjects and learning and education characteristics. Based on the necessity and importance of music education system design theory, the research framework of music education system design theory is constructed in advance. The voice data acquisition system collects voice data through a network grabber and real-time recording and uses signal processing and pattern recognition technology to automatically classify the collected voice data into three categories: voice, environmental sound, and music. After establishing the audio data deployment strategy, simulation method, and architecture design based on heterogeneous cellular network, this paper designs the corresponding music composition teaching system, mainly including score editing, viewing, and content display of the composition teaching system, and the final test shows that the system designed in this paper can be effectively used in various music school teaching combined with heterogeneous cellular networks.
Risk Factors Predicting the Need for Phototherapy in Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Infants in a Large Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gopagondanahalli Krishna Revanna , Mittal Rashmi Arun , Abdul Haium Abdul Alim , Quek Bin Huey , Agarwal Pratibha , Daniel Lourdes Mary , Chua Mei Chien , Rajadurai Victor Samuel
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency increases the risk of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. This study evaluates the risk factors predicting the need for phototherapy in G6PD-deficient neonates after 72 h of age and assesses the safety of early discharge. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 681 full-term G6PD-deficient infants with a birth weight ≥2,500 g over 4 years was conducted. We compared the baseline characteristics, bilirubin level on day 4 (after 72 h of life), day of peak bilirubin, G6PD levels, and concomitant ABO incompatibility between the group that required phototherapy (Group A) and those who did not (Group B). Results: 396 infants (58%), predominantly males, required phototherapy in the first week of life. The infants who required phototherapy had a lower median gestational age (38.3 vs. 38.7 weeks, p < 0.01) and had lower G6PD levels (2.3 ± 2.5 vs. 3 ± 3.4 IU, p < 0.05) compared to the controls. The mean day-four total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels were higher (213 ± 32 vs. 151 ± 37 µmol/L, p < 0.01), with bilirubin level peaking earlier (3 vs. 4 days of life, p < 0.01) in group A. Regression analysis identified TSB levels on day 4, Chinese race, lower gestation, and concomitant ABO incompatibility as the significant predictors for the need for phototherapy in the study population. In particular, coexisting ABO blood group incompatibility increased the risk of jaundice requiring phototherapy (OR 4.27, 95% CI: 1.98–121, p < 0.01). Day four TSB values above 180 µmol/L predicted the need for phototherapy with 86% sensitivity and 80% specificity. The findings were similar across both male and female infants with G6PD deficiency. Conclusion: G6PD-deficient infants with day four TSB levels of >180 µmol/L (10.5 mg/dL) and associated ABO blood group incompatibility have a higher risk of requiring phototherapy in the first week of life and should be closely monitored.
Twist2 Reduced NLRP3-Induced Inflammation of Infantile Pneumonia via Regulation of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition by FOXO1
Authors: Ding Niu , Liu Dian , Duan Xiaojun , Zhang Jin , Ma Song , Chen Yanping
Published: June 2022

Background: Infantile pneumonia is an acute inflammatory lesion of the lung caused by mycoplasma pneumonia. Indeed, Twist2 signaling pathway controls inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and other biological reaction. However, the regulation of Twist2 on the inflammation in infantile pneumonia remains unclear. This study explained that the function and mechanism of Twist2 in infantile pneumonia. Methods: The subjects included the serum samples of 12 patients with infantile pneumonia and normal healthy volunteers from Hunan Children’s Hospital. Besides, mice were given with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the lung. Moreover, RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated with LPS for 4 h and added to the culture medium. Results: In present study, in serum of patients with infantile pneumonia or lung tissue of mice model with infantile pneumonia, TWIST2 expression was lessened. Apart from that, TWIST2 protein could reduce the inflammatory reaction in mice model with infantile pneumonia, resulting in an inhibition in lung injury. Conversely, over-expression of TWIST2 also decreased inflammatory reaction in macrophages model via the regulation of FOXO1/NLRP3 pathway. Downregulation of TWIST2 promoted the inflammation in macrophages model by the regulation of FOXO1/NLRP3 pathway. Conclusion: According to the findings, present study have identified that the TWIST2 could reduce the inflammation of infantile pneumonia by NLRP3 inflammasome through the regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition and the induction of FOXO1 expression.
Transferability of Health-Related Quality of Life Data of Large Observational Studies to Clinical Practice: Comparing Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Patients from the PROSa Study to a TARPS-WG Cohort
Authors: Jakob Jens , Hentschel Leopold , Richter Stephan , Kreisel Inga , Hohenberger Peter , Kasper Bernd , Andreou Dimosthenis , Pink Daniel , Schmitt Jochen , Schuler Markus K. , Eichler Martin
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is crucial for shared decision-making. The “Patient-Reported Outcome measures in Sarcoma” (PROSa) study evaluated HRQoL in general. We evaluated the transferability of PROSa data to clinical practice for the subgroup of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS). Methods: To obtain a PROSa-RPS cohort, we excluded patients with bone sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors from the complete PROSa cohort (n = 1,113), limited tumor localization to trunk and retroperitoneum, and excluded patients with metastases. We evaluated the HRQoL data of the resulting 76 patients and compared their clinical data to those of the Transatlantic Autralasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group (TARPS-WG, n = 1,007). Results: Confidence intervals for patient sex, histological subtype (LPS vs. non-LPS), grading (G1 vs. G2/3), surgical margins (R2 vs. no R2), and perioperative chemo- and radiotherapy (yes vs. no) were overlapping in both cohorts. EORTC QLQ-C30 from RPS-PROSa patients demonstrated that two-thirds had clinically relevant restrictions in physical functioning. Two-thirds reported dyspnea, followed by fatigue and pain. Conclusion: Clinical data from RPS-PROSa patients are comparable to those of an RPS reference cohort from expert centers. We believe that HRQoL data of RPS patients extracted from PROSa are transferable to clinical practice.
Radiology in the Undergraduate Medical Curriculum: The Student Perspective
Authors: Ashkanani Hasan , AlDallal Yasmeen , Almajran Abdullah , Gupta Renu
Published: June 2022

Objective: Despite the importance of radiology in the diagnosis and management of patients, studies suggest that medical graduates exhibit a minimal level of radiology knowledge. This study aimed to assess the satisfaction of Kuwait’s medical students with the radiology teaching and their confidence in their knowledge regarding basic radiological principles, as well as their views and suggestions for adequate teaching time and pattern of radiology teaching at the undergraduate level. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in Kuwait University. The study employed a questionnaire, which aimed to assess the students’ perception of the current radiological teaching approach. Ethical approval was obtained, and descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS. Results: Ninety-one percent of the 451 participants believed that the radiologist is an important part of the medical team. Ninety-seven percent of them believed that having a grasp of general radiological concepts is essential for clinical practice. More than half of the participants (55%) believed that the amount of radiology teaching they receive is inadequate. Most students claimed to lack the radiological skills that a competent doctor should own, such as reading X-rays, CTs, and MRIs. Most students chose hospital-based and problem-based learning sessions as their most desired methods for radiology learning. Conclusion: Radiology is an essential part of modern medicine. Adequate exposure to radiological techniques and adequate time to radiological teaching must be allocated to students during their undergraduate medical curriculum to improve the proper management of patients.
Loss-of-Function
FLNC
Variants Are Associated With Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Phenotypes When Identified Through Exome Sequencing of a General Clinical Population
Authors: Carruth Eric D. , Qureshi Maria , Alsaid Amro , Kelly Melissa A. , Calkins Hugh , Murray Brittney , Tichnell Crystal , Sturm Amy C. ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Baras Aris , Lester Kirchner H. , Fornwalt Brandon K. , James Cynthia A. , Haggerty Christopher M.
Published: June 2022

Background:

The
FLNC
gene has recently garnered attention as a likely cause of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, which is considered an actionable genetic condition. However, the association with disease in an unselected clinical population is unknown. We hypothesized that individuals with loss-of-function variants in
FLNC
(
FLNC
LOF
) would have increased odds for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy-associated phenotypes versus variant-negative controls in the Geisinger MyCode cohort.

Methods:

We identified rare, putative
FLNC
LOF
among 171 948 individuals with exome sequencing linked to health records. Associations with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy phenotypes from available diagnoses and cardiac evaluations were investigated.

Results:

Sixty individuals (0.03%; median age 58 years [47–70 interquartile range], 43% male) harbored 27 unique
FLNC
LOF
. These individuals had significantly increased odds ratios for dilated cardiomyopathy (odds ratio, 4.9 [95% CI, 2.6–7.6];
P
<0.001), supraventricular tachycardia (odds ratio, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.1–5.6];
P
=0.048), and left-dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (odds ratio, 4.2 [95% CI, 1.4–7.9];
P
=0.03). Echocardiography revealed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (52±13% versus 57±9%;
P
=0.001) associated with
FLNC
LOF
. Overall, at least 9% of
FLNC
LOF
patients demonstrated evidence of penetrant disease.

Conclusions:

FLNC
LOF
variants are associated with increased odds of ventricular arrhythmia and dysfunction in an unselected clinical population. These findings support genomic screening of
FLNC
for actionable secondary findings.
Variation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival Across Emergency Medical Service Agencies
Authors: Garcia Raul A. , Girotra Saket , Jones Philip G. , McNally Bryan , Spertus John A. , Chan Paul S. ,   on behalf of the CARES Surveillance Group
Published: June 2022

Background:

Although studies have reported variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival by geographic location, little is known about variation in OHCA survival at the level of emergency medical service (EMS) agencies—which may have modifiable practices, unlike counties and regions. We quantified the variation in OHCA survival across EMS agencies and explored whether variation in 2 specific EMS resuscitation practices were associated with survival to hospital admission.

Methods:

Within the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival, a prospective registry representing ≈51% of the US population, we identified 258 342 OHCAs from 764 EMS agencies with
>
10 OHCA cases annually during 2015 to 2019. Using hierarchical logistic regression, risk-standardized rates of survival to hospital admission were computed for each EMS agency. We quantified inter-agency variation in survival with median odds ratios and assessed the association of 2 resuscitation practices (EMS response time and the proportion of OHCAs with termination of resuscitation without meeting futility criteria) with EMS agency survival rates to hospital admission.

Results:

Across 764 EMS agencies comprising 258 342 OHCAs, the median risk-standardized rate of survival to hospital admission was 27.3% (interquartile range, 24.5%–30.1%; range: 16.0%–45.6%). The adjusted median odds ratio was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.32–1.39), denoting that the odds of survival of 2 patients with identical covariates varied by 35% at 2 randomly selected EMS agencies. EMS agencies in the lowest quartile of risk-standardized survival had longer EMS response times when compared with the highest quartile (12.0±3.4 versus 9.0±2.6 minutes;
P
<0.001), and a higher proportion of OHCAs with termination of resuscitation without meeting futility criteria (27.9±16.1% versus 18.9±11.4%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

Survival after OHCA varies widely across EMS agencies. EMS response times and termination of resuscitation practices were associated with agency-level rates of survival to hospital admission, suggesting potentially modifiable practices which can improve OHCA survival.
Systematic Review of Cerebral Phenotypes Associated With Monogenic Cerebral Small‐Vessel Disease
Authors: Whittaker Ed , Thrippleton Sophie , Chong Liza Y. W. , Collins Victoria G. , Ferguson Amy C. , Henshall David E. , Lancastle Emily , Wilkinson Tim , Wilson Blair , Wilson Kirsty , Sudlow Cathie , Wardlaw Joanna , Rannikmäe Kristiina
Published: June 2022

Background

Cerebral small‐vessel disease (cSVD) is an important cause of stroke and vascular dementia. Most cases are multifactorial, but an emerging minority have a monogenic cause. While
NOTCH3
is the best‐known gene, several others have been reported. We aimed to summarize the cerebral phenotypes associated with these more recent cSVD genes.

Methods and Results

We performed a systematic review (PROSPERO [International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews]: CRD42020196720), searching Medline/Embase (conception to July 2020) for any language publications describing
COL4A1/2
,
TREX1
,
HTRA1
,
ADA2
, or
CTSA
pathogenic variant carriers. We extracted data about individuals’ characteristics and clinical and vascular radiological cerebral phenotypes. We summarized phenotype frequencies per gene, comparing patterns across genes. We screened 6485 publications including 402, and extracted data on 390 individuals with
COL4A1
, 123 with
TREX1
, 44 with
HTRA1
homozygous, 41 with
COL4A2
, 346 with
ADA2
, 82 with
HTRA1
heterozygous, and 14 with
CTSA
. Mean age ranged from 15 (
ADA2
) to 59 years (
HTRA1
heterozygotes). Clinical phenotype frequencies varied widely: stroke, 9% (
TREX1
) to 52% (
HTRA1
heterozygotes); cognitive features, 0% (
ADA2
) to 64% (
HTRA1
homozygotes); and psychiatric features, 0% (
COL4A2
;
ADA2
) to 57% (
CTSA
). Among individuals with neuroimaging, vascular radiological phenotypes appeared common, ranging from 62% (
ADA2
) to 100% (
HTRA1
homozygotes;
CTSA
). White matter lesions were the most common pathology, except in
ADA2
and
COL4A2
cases, where ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions dominated, respectively.

Conclusions

There appear to be differences in cerebral manifestations across cSVD genes. Vascular radiological changes were more common than clinical neurological phenotypes, and present in the majority of individuals with reported neuroimaging. However, these results may be affected by age and biases inherent to case reports. In the future, better characterization of associated phenotypes, as well as insights from population‐based studies, should improve our understanding of monogenic cSVD to inform genetic testing, guide clinical management, and help unravel underlying disease mechanisms.
Determining the SARS-CoV-2 serological immunoassay test performance indices based on the test results frequency distribution
Authors: Habibzadeh Farrokh , Habibzadeh Parham , Yadollahie Mahboobeh , Sajadi Mohammad M.
Published: June 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to induce robust antibody response in most of the affected individuals. The objective of the study was to determine if we can harvest the test sensitivity and specificity of a commercial serologic immunoassay merely based on the frequency distribution of the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) G concentrations measured in a population-based seroprevalence study. The current study was conducted on a subset of a previously published dataset from the canton of Geneva. Data were taken from two non-consecutive weeks (774 samples from May 4-9, and 658 from June 1-6, 2020). Assuming that the frequency distribution of the measured SARS-CoV-2 IgG is binormal (an educated guess), using a non-linear regression, we decomposed the distribution into its two Gaussian components. Based on the obtained regression coefficients, we calculated the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the sensitivity and specificity, and the most appropriate cut-off value for the test. The obtained results were compared with those obtained from a validity study and a seroprevalence population-based study. The model could predict more than 90% of the variance observed in the SARS-CoV-2 IgG distribution. The results derived from our model were in good agreement with the results obtained from the seroprevalence and validity studies. Altogether 138 of 1432 people had SARS-CoV-2 IgG ≥ 0.90, the cut-off value which maximized the Youden’s index. This translates into a true prevalence of 7.0% (95% confidence interval 5.4% to 8.6%), which is in keeping with the estimated prevalence of 7.7% derived from our model. Our model can provide the true prevalence. Having an educated guess about the distribution of test results, the test performance indices can be derived with acceptable accuracy merely based on the test results frequency distribution without the need for conducting a validity study and comparing the test results against a gold-standard test.
Medicine as Biology: Neuropsychiatry at the University of Chicago,
1928–1939
Authors: Blustein Bonnie Ellen
Published: June 2022

When the University of Chicago opened its four-year medical program in 1929, the medical departments were established on the same footing as other biological departments. One of the first priorities was to build a department of psychiatry based on an interdisciplinary and holistic research program with important social implications. This plan was soon frustrated by structural factors and conflicts of interest both internal and external to the university. The story illuminates crucial dilemmas of neuropsychiatry in the interwar years and suggests some of the limits to the pursuit of biology at the University of Chicago.
Indonesia at the Intersection of Human Rights and International Investment
Authors: Ula Hikmatul , Sobel-Read Kevin , Aisyiah Cahyani
Published: June 2022

In the changing dynamics of today’s world, globalisation and sovereignty remain centrally important. Simultaneously, international commerce in the form of global value chains is playing an increasingly significant role in linking and mediating the overlap of globalisation and sovereignty. Nation-state governments use law to manage this overlap. This article takes the example of Indonesia to explain and analyse this phenomenon. By examining the intersection of laws regarding foreign investment and human rights, it becomes possible to gain insight into the constraints that national governments face in regard to protecting local interests while catering to the demands of global commerce. Human rights protections, after all, benefit local welfare but inhibit investment because they impose costs on companies. In the Indonesian case, the government has been successful in implementing local human rights protections in its fishing industry but has largely failed in its mining industry. The reason is quite simple: given their power and the economic value of their investment, international mining companies are able to influence the government, whereas fishing firms, which are primarily smaller and domestic, lack comparable power. As a result, the power of global mining value chains is having a direct effect on decisions that a national government is making, and at the same time, the government’s decisions are reflections of compromises that it itself is willing to make (here, regulating fishing firms) and compromises that it is not willing to make (here, regulating mining companies). These decisions and relationships provide important lessons regarding the role of law in managing the tensions that global value chains pose on globalisation and sovereignty.
Performing God with Children
Authors: van Leersum-Bekebrede Lydia , Sonnenberg Ronelle , de Kock Jos , Barnard Marcel
Published: June 2022

In worship with children, participants of all ages pray to God, act in ways that assume God’s presence, play out Biblical stories and speak about God. This raises the question, How is God ‘performed’ with children? In other words, how is God staged through performative acting? The article draws on ethnographic data from Dutch Protestant contexts. The four analysed performances emphasise affective knowledge of God and perform God as a God who accepts children as children, resurrects and helps, but whose existence can be discussed. Like in the other seventeen researched worship practices, God is performed through story, ritual and play. Analysis of interviews with youth work professionals highlights the importance of the sensory experience of stories, the creation of a ritual space, and the creative tension between children’s play and liturgical play. The article concludes that the performance of God is target-group related, contextual and embedded in the interactions between adults and children. Above all, performing God with children is embodied theology.
“Bad Luck for the Chinese”: France and the Transit of War Materiel to China During the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1939)
Authors: Barthel Alexandre
Published: June 2022

The attitude of France towards the Sino-Japanese War that started in 1937 has given rise to various judgments. Officially neutral, France is often presented as having taken, at least morally, a favorable attitude toward China. Yet the French government had officially prohibited the transit of war materiel en route to China across the Indochinese border. This issue became increasingly important as the Japanese blockade of China progressed and conditioned the capacity of Chiang Kai-shek’s government to continue the fight. The diplomatic archives of the United States, greatly concerned by the situation in China, shed more light on France’s policy in East Asia. By comparing historical accounts produced by contemporaries and historians with the diplomatic archives of the United States, this article intends to bring more evidence relating to the issue of French “neutrality” during the Sino-Japanese War.
A new species of honeycombed Chydorus Leach, 1816 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from tundra of North-East Russia
Authors: SINEV ARTEM Y. , NOVICHKOVA ANNA A. , CHERTOPRUD ELENA S.
Published: June 2022

A new cladoceran of the faviformis-group of the genus Chydorus Leach, 1816 (Cladocera: Chydoridae), characterized by a honeycomb-like sculpture of valves and head shield, is described from tundra lakes and ponds in North-East Russia. Morphology of the new species was studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Chydorus izvekovae sp. nov. differs from all other species of the faviformis-group in a narrow labral keel with elongated apex, and in a greater number of meshes on the valves and head shield. Other species of the faviformis-group in the Western Hemisphere are distributed in the tropical-subtropical zone, they also inhabit mostly shallow waters with well-developed macrophyte zone.
The Pheidole Westwood, 1839 ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Colombia: new records including two species with remarkable morphology
Authors: GUERRERO ROBERTO J. , GARCÍA EMIRA , FERNÁNDEZ FERNANDO
Published: June 2022

Pheidole is one of the most diverse groups of ants in the World, with more than 630 species known from the Neotropical Region. As part of studies on the ant fauna of Colombia, a contribution to the taxonomy of these ants is presented here. The worker subcastes of Pheidole praeusta Roger are redescribed, this being the first record of a trimorphic species outside the Nearctic region. Pheidole amata Forel is proposed as a junior synonym of Pheidole praeusta. Pheidole rogeripolita Longino is identified as the first species in the New World with a 5-segmented antennal club, and the third species with such antennal club in the world. Pheidole distorta Forel, a species described 120 years ago, is redescribed, and notes on its reproductive caste are offered. The description and diagnosis of the Pheidole iceni Fernández soldier is amended. New species records for the country and South America are listed. Multifocus photographs of P. praeusta, and P. rogeripolita are offered.
Burnout among university students during distance learning period due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross sectional study at the University of Jordan
Authors: Toubasi Ahmad A. , Hasuneh Manar M. , Al Karmi Joud S. , Haddad Tala A. , Kalbouneh Heba M.
Published: June 2022

Objective

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a deviation from classical face-to-face learning to distance learning. Few studies examined burnout among university students during the distance learning period due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study that aims to investigate the prevalence of burnout among university students during distance learning and the factors associated with it.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students at the University of Jordan. The modified version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for students (MBI-SS) was used to assess burnout.

Results

The total number of participants was 587 and the mean total of MBI-SS score was 63.34 ± 8.85. Based on the MBI-SS definition, 6.6% of the study participants were found to have symptoms of burnout. Practicing hobbies, level of satisfaction with distance learning, and thoughts about quitting courses were significant predictors of burnout.

Conclusion

This study showed a relatively low prevalence of burnout among students during the distance learning period with several factors associated with it. As a result, identifying these factors will help both students and educational institutions to implement strategies that are needed for the primary and secondary prevention of burnout.
Stage‐Specific Survival in Young Patients With Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bommakanti Krishna K. , Abiri Arash , Han Albert Y. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Kuan Edward C. , St John Maie A.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To determine demographic factors and clinicopathologic characteristics associated with survival in young patients (age <45 years) with early‐ (I‐II) or late‐stage (III‐IV) oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).

Study Design

Retrospective database review.

Setting

National Cancer Database.

Methods

A retrospective review of 3262 OTSCC cases in young patients between 2005 and 2014 was performed by using data from the National Cancer Database. Factors affecting 2‐year survival in patients with early‐ and late‐stage disease were evaluated via univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Overall, 1899 patients with early‐stage OTSCC and 1363 with late‐stage OTSCC were analyzed. In multivariate analysis of early‐stage OTSCC, high tumor grade (hazard ratio, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.45‐2.99]), local metastasis (2.85 [1.37‐5.95]), and tumor size (1.04 [1.02‐1.07]) were predictors of mortality. In late‐stage OTSCC, African American race (2.79 [1.40‐5.56]), positive surgical margins (1.77 [1.07‐2.93]), local metastasis (2.20 [1.03‐4.72]), distant metastasis (11.66 [2.10‐64.73]), depth of invasion (1.03 [1.01‐1.05]), and tumor size (1.01 [1.003‐1.01]) were predictors of mortality. Subset analysis of clinical N0‐stage tumors revealed that treatment with surgery alone was associated with improved survival (P < .001).

Conclusion

Positive lymph nodes, high tumor grade, and larger tumor size were associated with increased mortality risk in early‐ and late‐stage young OTSCC. More aggressive up‐front treatment, including extirpative surgery and elective neck dissection, may be associated with improved outcomes and should be considered in early‐stage cases with high‐risk features.
‘Give It Up!’: A Macro-Social Marketing Approach to India's Clean Cooking Fuel Access
Authors: Jagadale Sujit Raghunathrao , Kemper Joya
Published: June 2022

This paper examines how the Government of India (GOI) used macrosocial marketing (MSM) to address the issues of clean cooking fuel accessibility and affordability and structural inequalities in subsidy redistribution. It highlights a novel MSM application to address chrematistics in marketing systems. Two initiatives established by the GOI are examined. “Give It Up” encourages wealthier households to surrender liquid petroleum gas (LPG) subsidies, leaving these to poorer families, and Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) installs LPG connections for poor, rural women. The research explores how the GOI has addressed economic inefficiencies and structural inequalities, focusing on institutional norms and affordability, accessibility, awareness, and acceptability (the “4As”). The research expands the theoretical boundaries of MSM in relation to poverty and identifies its capacity to affect individual and systemic change through formal and informal institutional changes. Although new institutional norms were adopted, PMUY could not address the ongoing affordability of LPG, despite the changes to LPG subsidies.
Leisure Activities and Depressive Symptoms among Older Men and Women in Mexico: Implications of Physical Health
Authors: Monserud Maria A.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

This study investigated whether the effects of specific types of group and individual leisure activities on depressive symptoms differ for older men and women in Mexico and whether several indicators of physical health can shape the psychological benefits of these activities.

Methods

This study used data from two waves (2012 and 2015) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study and employed OLS regressions.

Results

The association between leisure activities and depressive symptoms among older Mexicans may vary by the type of activity, gender, and physical health. Physical health issues may decrease potential psychological benefits of certain leisure activities. Yet, despite deteriorating physical health, older adults may benefit from involvement in some leisure activities.

Discussion

This study highlights the diversity of experiences related to later-life mental health and emphasizes the importance of investigating psychological implications of specific types of leisure activities among older men and women with different physical health concerns.
Strain energy form coefficients for bending of short beams having full and thin-walled arbitrary cross section with application for FEM and Airfoils
Authors: Yahiaoui Toufik , Zebbiche Toufik
Published: June 2022

The aim of this work is to develop a new generalized formula and a numerical computation program for evaluating the energy form coefficient of a complex and arbitrary cross section for full and thin-walled cross section with respect to any central axis, for the bending of beams of small lengths in comparison with the transverse dimension of the section. This coefficient plays a very important role in the calculation of the deformation energy of beams subjected to bending under the effect of a shearing force for short beams. It also enters in the formulation of FEM bending model, in order to calculate the stresses and the strains due to the external forces. The application is made for complex sections used in various fields of construction and in particular for airfoils designed for aerospace construction. A method is developed to calculate this coefficient as a function of the rotation of the central axes. The calculation of the area, the moments, and the product of inertias with respect to the central axes is necessary. The formula for calculating this coefficient is presented as a definite integral of a non-analytical function determined point by point along the direction of the application of the shear force. This function is based on the calculation of the partial static moments. The calculation of the latter is based on the development of a technique by subdividing the upper part of the section into adjacent common triangles at one point for the full solid section or by segments on the boundary for the thin-walled section. To speed up the process of numerically calculating this integral with high precision and reduced time, Gauss Legendre quadrature of order 40 is used. The calculation of the distribution of the tangential stress as well as its maximum value is determined. A shear shape coefficient is therefore determined. In the second part of this work, an application is made for the static calculation by the FEM of a hyper static beam with a view to determining the influence of this coefficient on all the parameters of resistance and bending stiffness as a correction of the classical model of bending by the FEM. A study of the error made by the classical bending model on our shear effect model is presented. A coefficient of efficiency of a section is presented.
Investigation on flame characteristics approaching thermal chocking in a cavity-based supersonic combustor
Authors: Cai Zun , Li Jianbin , Wang Taiyu , Wang Yanan , Zhu Jiajian
Published: June 2022

This study experimentally investigated the combustion process in a cavity-based supersonic combustor at the inflow condition of Mach 2.92 with stagnation pressure 2.6 MPa and stagnation temperature 1530 K. Time-averaged flame distribution and oscillation characteristics were revealed by post-processing CH* chemiluminescence images. Wall pressures along the combustor bottom wall were also measured to provide quantitative information. Representative cascaded injection set-ups upstreaming the cavity were selected to compare ethylene flame characteristics. It is found that the combustion process is approaching thermal chocking when increasing the equivalence ratio to 0.8 according to the one-dimensional analysis of the Mach number distribution. At the same equivalence ratio, increasing the number of the cascaded injectors by lowering the injection pressure is not beneficial for the combustion enhancement, indicating that the injection pressure is also a key factor affecting the combustion heat release. However, increasing the injection pressure can cause obvious flame oscillations above the cavity as well as increasing the axis distance of the injectors. As a result, the injection scheme with two cascaded injectors which have the injection distance of 0.1 and 0.4 time the length of the cavity floor, respectively, upstreaming the cavity is suggested as a favorable scheme for scramjet applications.
Ten-Year Cephalometric Comparison of Patients With Cleft Palate who Received Treatment With Active or Passive Pre-surgical Orthopedic Devices
Authors: Garland Katie , Coyle Michelle , Foley Tim , Matic Damir
Published: June 2022

Background

Pre-surgical orthopedic (PSO) devices can be used in the management of patient with cleft lip/palate (CL/P) to narrow the alveolar gap (AG) prior to lip surgery. There are few studies comparing these 2 devices. The objective of this work was to compare the effects of active and passive PSO devices on facial growth in a single surgeon's cohort of patients with CL/P over a 10-year period.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients with CL/P in a single surgeon's practice from 2002 to 2018 was performed. Preoperative measurements of AG size were done using electronic calipers on patient molds. Patient radiographs were taken at 5 and 10 years of age and cephalometric landmarks were plotted using specialized software. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare means for maxillary, mandibular, vertical, and dento-alveolar growth parameters.

Results

Twenty patients with an active device and 23 patients with a passive device were included. No differences were observed in the basic demographic information between the two groups. At the time of lip repair, patients with a passive device had significantly larger horizontal AGs ( P < .01), but by the time of palate repair, there was no difference between the two groups ( P = .94). There was no significant difference in any growth measurements between the active and passive device groups at 5 and 10 years.

Conclusions

Despite closing the AG more quickly, patients treated with an active device have no significant difference in facial growth at 10 years compared to patients treated with a passive device.
Conceptualizing the Marginalization Experiences of People with Disabilities in Organizations Using an Ableism Lens
Authors: Kwon Chang-kyu , Archer Matthew
Published: June 2022

Existing literature on disability inclusion in the workplace has done little to confront the structural inequalities facing people with disabilities and has instead focused on ideas of assimilation strategies. As a result, in HRD there is a conflation between disability research and research that is “critical.” The purpose of this conceptual article is to examine the persisting influence of ableism on the marginalization experiences of people with disabilities in organizations. Specifically, the present article conceptualizes the effects of ableism on the hiring, retention, and promotion of people with disabilities in organizations. The critical analysis of everyday work experiences of people with disabilities in ableist organizations as offered in this article calls for organizations to fundamentally rethink how they can better support this world’s largest minority group. Implications for HRD research and practice will be discussed.
Intermediate-Term Outcomes of Totally Endoscopic Atrial Septal Defect Repair on Beating Heart in Small Children
Authors: Nguyen Uoc H. , Dang Huy Q. , Nguyen Huu C. , Le Thanh N.
Published: June 2022

Objective: Manipulation in a narrow surgical field and risks of femoral arterial (FA) complications are difficulties when applying totally endoscopic surgery (TES) for congenital heart disease in small children. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of TES for atrial septal defect (ASD) repair in children weighing 13 to 20 kg. Methods: From July 2016 to July 2021, 14 patients with a mean age of 5.4 ± 2.2 years and mean weight of 15.57 ± 2.39 kg (range, 13 to 20 kg), underwent TES for ASD repair on the beating heart. FA cannulation was established through a Dacron graft. An additional FA cannula (2 to 4 Fr smaller than the expected size) was placed into the left FA in case of increasing arterial pressure. Three 5 or 5.5 mm trocars and one 12 mm port were used. The surgical field was filled with CO2. No aortic clamp, no aortic root needle, and no snaring of the inferior vena cava were used. The mean follow-up time was 37.9 ± 12.5 months. Results: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) installation time, CPB time, and operation time were 42.6 ± 16.5 min, 113.1 ± 33.1 min, and 209.6 ± 50.6 min, respectively. Total drainage volume was 125.4 ± 89.2 mL. Patients did not need analgesics on day 4 or 5 after surgery. No severe complications, including arterial complications, were recorded during follow-up. Conclusions: By optimizing the surgical field and setting the FA cannula correctly, TES for ASD closure is feasible in small children weighing between 13 and 20 kg.
Hematological features and risk factors of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Hua Chaoyang , Li Jia , Yang Yanfang , Liu Zhangsuo
Published: June 2022

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became pandemic in 2020 and recently, mutated coronaviruses have emerged in many countries. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors for critical illness in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Zhengzhou for clinical prevention and management.

Materials and methods:

A total of 70 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were enrolled between 21 January and 29 February 2020, in Zhengzhou, China. Clinical characteristics, hematological findings, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and inflammatory index on admission were obtained from medical records, COVID-19 patients with different outcomes were compared.

Results:

The median age was 55 years. Forty-three (61.0%) patients were classified as having severe or critical cases. Eighteen (25.7%) patients died in hospital and the remaining 52 were discharged. Patients who died tend to be old with expectoration and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Compared to survivor, non-survivor had significantly higher numbers of leucocytes and neutrophils, NLR, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothrombin time, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and decreased platelets, lymphocytes, uric acid, and albumin (ALB). Logistic regression analysis identified leucocytes, platelets, PLR, NLR, AST, and ALB as independent predictive factors for poor outcomes. The area under curve of the combination of leucocytes, PLR, NLR, and AST was 0.87, with a sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.81.

Conclusion:

Our results identified risk factors among COVID-19 patients for in-hospital mortality. Leucocytes, PLR, NLR, and AST could have important reference value for predicting prognosis, especially in low-resource countries.
Identifying domestic violence and sexual assault presentations at a regional Australian hospital emergency department: Comparative analysis of domestic violence and sexual assault cases
Authors: Ghafournia Nafiseh , Healey Sunita Joann Rebecca
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To map the main characteristics of and differences between domestic violence and sexual assault cases presenting to a hospital emergency department in Australia.

Methods:

This retrospective observational cross-sectional study presents a snapshot of domestic violence and sexual assault cases presenting to the emergency department of a regional tertiary Australian hospital between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2018. Data were extracted from the health district electronic information system for all eligible females. All data were checked for completeness and discrepancies by researchers before analysis.

Results:

42/105 (40%) sexual assault cases and 27/56 (48%) domestic violence cases reported mental health issues. More than half of the sexual assault and domestic violence cases had recurrent presentations to emergency department (51%; 54/105% and 52%; 29/56, respectively); most injuries were classed as severe. 92/105; 88% of sexual assault and 41/56; 73% of domestic violence victims were referred to related services.

Conclusion:

Clinical health staff, particularly those working in emergency department, can play crucial roles in identifying cases of domestic violence and sexual assault. Domestic violence training for clinicians and routine domestic violence screening in hospital emergency department is recommended to enhance early intervention.
Synthesis, characterization, thermal behavior, and antitumor activities of an Ag(I) complex based on 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpyrimidine
Authors: Li Wu-Wu , Zheng Min-Yan , Shang Yong-Hui , Xu Jin-Qiong , Zhang Zun-Ting , Zheng Hao-Nan , Li Xiao-Peng , Weng A-Tong , Feng Ling-Ying , Liu Lu
Published: June 2022

A new Ag(I) coordination complex, Ag(C11H10N2O)2·NO3 (C11H10N2O = 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpyrimidine) is successfully synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. This complex features a three-dimensional framework consisting of hydrogen bonds, π–π stacking interactions, coordination interactions, and electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the thermal stability and non-isothermal thermal decomposition reaction kinetics of the complex are well investigated by the methods of Kissinger and Ozawa. Finally, the antitumor ability of the complex is evaluated against human lung cancer cells (NCI-H460), human hepatocellular cancer cells (HepG2), and human breast cancer cells (MCF7). The complex exhibits potent antitumor activities against HepG2 and MCF7 cancer cells.
1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its role in predicting neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm neonates: A systematic review
Authors: Laccetta Gianluigi , De Nardo Maria Chiara , Cellitti Raffaella , Angeloni Ugo , Terrin Gianluca
Published: June 2022

To assess the diagnostic utility of proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy in early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm newborns. Systematic review performed in compliance with the PRISMA statements. Eligible articles were searched in MEDLINE, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases using the following medical subject headings and terms: “magnetic resonance spectroscopy,” “infant,” and “newborn.” Studies of any design published until 20 December 2021 and fulfilling the following criteria were selected: (1) studies including newborns with gestational age at birth <37 weeks which underwent at least one 1H-MRS scan within 52 weeks’ postmenstrual age and neurodevelopmental assessment within 4 years of age; (2) studies in which preterm newborns with congenital infections, genetic disorders, and brain congenital anomalies were clearly excluded. Data regarding the relationship between metabolite ratios in basal ganglia, thalamus, and white matter, and neurodevelopment were analysed. The quality assessment of included studies was performed according to the criteria from the QUADAS-2. N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/choline (Cho) was the most studied metabolite ratio. Lower NAA/Cho ratio in basal ganglia and thalamus was associated with adverse motor, cognitive, and language outcomes, and worse global neurodevelopment. Lower NAA/Cho ratio in white matter was associated with cognitive impairment. However, some associations came from single studies or were discordant among studies. The quality of included studies was low. 1H-MRS could be a promising tool for early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental impairment. However, further studies of good quality are needed to define the relationship between metabolite ratios and neurodevelopment.