bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher resolution in cryo-EM by the combination of macromolecular prior knowledge and image-processing tools
Authors: Ramírez-Aportela Erney , Carazo Jose M. , Sorzano Carlos Oscar S.
Published: August 2022

Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy has become a powerful technique for the 3D structure determination of biological molecules. The last decade has seen an astonishing development of both hardware and software, and an exponential growth of new structures obtained at medium-high resolution. However, the knowledge accumulated in this field over the years has hardly been utilized as feedback in the reconstruction of new structures. In this context, this article explores the use of the deep-learning approach deepEMhancer as a regularizer in the RELION refinement process. deepEMhancer introduces prior information derived from macromolecular structures, and contributes to noise reduction and signal enhancement, as well as a higher degree of isotropy. These features have a direct effect on image alignment and reduction of overfitting during iterative refinement. The advantages of this combination are demonstrated for several membrane proteins, for which it is especially useful because of their high disorder and flexibility.
Tourists' perceptions of and reactions to child sex tourism: an exploratory qualitative investigation
Authors: Aston Joshua , Wen Jun , Yang Shaohua
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Using a qualitative approach, this cross-disciplinary study integrating modern slavery, tourism and marketing expertise outlines Chinese outbound tourists' perceptions of and reactions to issues related to child sex tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 27 in-depth interviews were conducted, and data were analysed. Manual coding was chosen as an efficient method to process qualitative interview data given the relatively small sample size in this study.

Findings

Three main themes emerged from analysis: (1) tourists' negative perceptions of child sex tourism; (2) tourist boycotts against child sex tourism destinations and activities as reactions to this socially deviant and illegal phenomenon and (3) tourist advocacy to enhance public awareness of child sex tourism. These themes suggest that tourists, as key tourism stakeholders, have difficulty accepting that child sex tourism occurs and would like to identify solutions to end illegal activities. Tourist boycotts would positively affect sustainable tourism development by eliminating illegal businesses, including those involving child prostitution, from the tourism industry. The qualitative method is applied here to develop a conceptual framework explaining tourists' perceptions of and reactions to child sex tourism.

Practical implications

A conceptual framework of Chinese individuals' perceptions of and reactions to child sex tourism has been devised using a qualitative approach. Although this framework takes child sex tourism as its focus, it can also be applied to better understand tourists' perspectives of other socially deviant or illegal behaviours within the tourism industry. The findings of this study provide valuable implications for various tourism stakeholders.

Originality/value

The current study makes significant theoretical and practical contributions to an under-researched topic – child sex tourism. A conceptual framework of Chinese individuals' perceptions of and reactions to child sex tourism has been devised using a qualitative approach. Findings from this study may inspire campaigns to protect children from being drawn into sex tourism. Efforts should also be undertaken to rescue children who have already been victimised by illegal businesses.
Circularity of food systems: a review and research agenda
Authors: De Bernardi Paola , Bertello Alberto , Forliano Canio
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to appraise and evaluate empirical research on circular economy in food systems, consolidating the existing knowledge and identifying shortcomings in this emerging body of research.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a systematic literature review of 136 studies from the electronic databases Scopus and Web of Science. The authors also developed a thematic analysis and summarized the results in a framework.

Findings

The authors identified seven critical issues for the transition to circular food systems: consumer behavior, multistakeholder coordination, business models, digital technologies, barriers, transition processes and performance and measurement systems. Moreover, the authors provide an agenda for future research on these topics.

Originality/value

While reviews on the circular economy are spreading rapidly, no reviews have comprehensively addressed the critical issues for the transition to circular food systems in the business, management, and organization domains.
Grid-connected solar photovoltaic-fed brushless DC motor drive for water pumping system using colliding body optimization technique
Authors: Kar Biranchi Narayan , Samuel Paulson , Pradhan Jatin Kumar , Mallick Amit
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to present an improvement to the power quality of the grid by using a colliding body optimization (CBO) based proportional-integral (PI) compensated design for a grid-connected solar photovoltaic-fed brushless DC motor (BLDC)-driven water pumping system with a bidirectional power flow control. The system with bidirectional power flow allows driving the pump at full proportions uninterruptedly irrespective of the weather conditions and feeding a grid when water pumping is not required.

Design/methodology/approach

Here, power quality issue is taken care of by the optimal generation of the duty cycle of the voltage source converter. The duty cycle is optimally generated by optimal selection of the gains of the current controller (i.e. PI), with the CBO technique resulting in a nearly unity power factor as well as lower total harmonic distortion (THD) of input current. In the CBO technique, the gains of the PI controller are considered as agents and collide with each other to obtain the best value. The system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and validated in real time with OPAL RT simulator, OP5700.

Findings

It was found that the power quality of grid using the CBO technique has improved much better than the particle swarm optimization and Zeigler–Nichols approach. The bidirectional flow of control of VSC allowed for optimum resource utilization and full capacity of water pumping whatever may be weather conditions.

Originality/value

Improved power quality of grid by optimally generation of the duty cycle for the proposed system. A unit vector tamplate generation technique is used for bidirectional power transfer.
Challenges for professionalism in civil defense and protection
Authors: Bonelli Maria da Glória , Damacena Fernanda , Silveira Viana Aline , Gambardella Alice Dianezi , Marchezini Victor
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This article discusses the professional status of civil defense and protection agents and coordinators in Brazil, their working conditions and demands for professionalization in disaster risk management.

Design/methodology/approach

Two online surveys with operators and civil defense and protection managers and documentary analysis based this research. The first survey engaged 1,933 participants who provided information about the working conditions at municipal civil defense, while the second involved 1,344 civil respondents who assessed their roles and duties in disaster risk management.

Findings

Civil defense and protection agents pointed to the high turnover in these positions as the main factor for setbacks in disaster risk reduction, allied to precarious working conditions, lack of training, and unclear responsibilities in disaster risk management.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the international debate on the professionalization of civil defense and protection and disaster risk management, bringing some insights from the sociology of professions. It has a policy impact of suggesting pathways to the inclusion of civil defense and protection in the Brazilian Occupational Classification to advance professional patterns and public recognition of disaster risk management careers.
Selecting control strategies in projects of intangible outputs: empirical evidence from architectural and engineering design projects
Authors: Ning Yan , Ling Florence Yean Yng
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Project managers rely on control strategies to deliver excellent outputs. However, little is known about how clients' project managers select control strategies in projects which are knowledge-intensive and have intangible outputs. This study aims to examine how clients' project managers select project control strategies in professional service projects.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey of 360 architectural and engineering (A/E) design projects was adopted. Data were analyzed through the hierarchical regression.

Findings

Both clients' knowledge of measuring outcomes and process uncertainty give rise to their project managers setting up behavior and social controls. Level of process uncertainty positively moderates the impact of client's knowledge of measuring outcomes on outcome control.

Research limitations/implications

This study mainly examined the client's knowledge of measuring outcomes and process uncertainties. Future studies could be conducted to expand the scope by including other contextual factors, for instance market and regulatory factors.

Practical implications

From the client side, if they want to simultaneously adopt outcome, behavior and social controls, they would need to increase their knowledge of measuring outcomes by adopting established assessment tools or appointing a third party to assist in design outcome evaluation.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the body of knowledge by showing that the level of intangibility of project outputs influences the types of control system which project managers adopt.
A dynamic calculation model of the carbon footprint in the life cycle of hospital building: a case study in China
Authors: Yue Jianjin , Li Wenrui , Cheng Jian , Xiong Hongxing , Xue Yu , Deng Xiang , Zheng Tinghui
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The calculation of buildings’ carbon footprint (CFP) is an important basis for formulating energy-saving and emission-reduction plans for building. As an important building type, there is currently no model that considers the time factor to accurately calculate the CFP of hospital building throughout their life cycle. This paper aims to establish a CFP calculation model that covers the life cycle of hospital building and considers time factor.

Design/methodology/approach

On the basis of field and literature research, the basic framework is built using dynamic life cycle assessment (DLCA), and the gray prediction model is used to predict the future value. Finally, a CFP model covering the whole life cycle has been constructed and applied to a hospital building in China.

Findings

The results applied to the case show that the CO2 emission in the operation stage of the hospital building is much higher than that in other stages, and the total CO2 emission in the dynamic and static analysis operation stage accounts for 83.66% and 79.03%, respectively; the difference of annual average emission of CO2 reached 28.33%. The research results show that DLCA is more accurate than traditional static life cycle assessment (LCA) when measuring long-term objects such as carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of hospital building.

Originality/value

This research established a carbon emission calculation model that covers the life cycle of hospital building and considered time factor, which enriches the research on carbon emission of hospital building, a special and extensive public building, and dynamically quantifies the resource consumption of hospital building in the life cycle. This paper provided a certain reference for the green design, energy saving, emission reduction and efficient use of hospital building, obviously, the limitation is that this model is only applicable to hospital building.
An efficient model for copy-move image forgery detection
Authors: Huynh Kha-Tu , Ly Tu-Nga , Le-Tien Thuong
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aims to solve problems of detecting copy-move images. With input images, the problem aims to: Confirm the original or forgery of the images, evaluate the performance of the detection and compare the proposed method’s effectiveness to the related ones.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes an algorithm to identify copy-move images by matching the characteristics of objects in the same group. The method is carried out through two stages of grouping the objects and comparing objects’ features. The classification and clustering can improve processing time by skipping groups of only one object, and feature comparison on objects in the same group improves accuracy of the detection. YOLO5, the latest version of you only look once (YOLO) developed by Ultralytics LLC, and K-means are applied to classify and group the objects in the first stage. Then, modified Zernike moments (MZMs) and correlation coefficients are used for the features extraction and matching in the second stage. The Open Images V6 data set is used to train the YOLO5 model. The combination of YOLO5 and MZM makes the effectiveness of the proposed method for copy-move image detection with an average accuracy of 94.26% for images of benchmark and MICC-F600 and 95.37% for natural images. The outstanding feature of the method is that it can balance both processing time and accuracy in detecting duplicate regions on the image.

Findings

The problem is then solved by doing the following steps: Build a method to detect objects and compare their features to find the similarity if they are copy-move objects; use YOLO5 for the object detection and group the same category objects; ignore the group having only one object and extract the features of the other groups by MZMs; detect copy-move regions using K-means clustering; and calculate and compare the detection accuracy of the proposed method and related methods.

Originality/value

The main contributions of this paper include: Reduce the processing time by using YOLO5 in objects detection and K-means in clustering; improve the accuracy by using MZM to extract features and correlation coefficients to matching them; and implement and prove the effectiveness of the proposed method for three copy-move data sets: benchmark, MICC-F600 and author-built images.
Entrepreneurship as a career choice for Emirati women: a social cognitive perspective
Authors: Shetty Khyati , Fitzsimmons Jason R. , Anand Amitabh
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to utilize social cognitive theory to investigate how social comparison orientations, individual cognitive, and environmental factors influence females' decisions to pursue self-employment in the United Arab Emirates In doing so, the authors explore how the entrepreneurial self-efficacy of Emirati women also influences individuals towards entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a survey instrument administered in both English and Arabic, data were collected from one hundred and three (103) employed Emirati women and eighty-four (84) self-employed Emirati women who were taking part in workshops conducted by the Dubai Chamber of Commerce.

Findings

The results from the study suggest that the social environment is a contributing factor toward self-employment, with higher levels of social comparison orientation increasing the likelihood of Emirati women being self-employed. Consistent with prior research, the authors also find that internal cognitive factors also play a significant role, with Emirati women possessing higher levels of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and having a higher likelihood of being self-employed.

Originality/value

This is one of the few studies aimed at exploring the role of social comparison orientation as a factor in motivating females towards entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region.
The mediating role of customer knowledge management on the innovative work behavior and product innovation relationship
Authors: Bratianu Constantin , Stănescu Dan Florin , Mocanu Rares
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the present research is to introduce a combined framework that integrates innovative work behavior, product innovation process and customer knowledge management; then, to explore the mediating effect of customer knowledge management in the relationship between innovative work behavior and the product innovation process.

Design/methodology/approach

The basis for the present research is a cross-sectional design. Data collection from 154 employees occurred using the following structured questionnaires: Customer Knowledge Management (CKM), Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) and Product Innovation Process (PIP). Data processing used SPSS version 26.0, including the PROCESS (3.5) macro analysis.

Findings

The results show positive relationships between innovative work behavior and the product innovation process (r = 0.420, p < 0.01). Pearson's correlation shows a coefficient of 0.42, meaning that 42% of the variations in perceived product innovation are due to variations in innovative work behavior. The second condition of the mediation test involved testing the relationship between the independent variable (Innovative Work Behavior) and the mediating variable (Knowledge Management) and showed a significant relationship (r = 0.272, p < 0.01). The findings suggested that knowledge management that other determinants supported, such as collaboration in idea exploration, idea championing and encouragement of participation in idea implementation, significantly contributed to the product innovation process (r = 0.509, p < 0.01). The bootstrapping method confirmed that innovative work behavior supports product innovation through the mediation of customer knowledge management (z = 3.01, p = 0.002).

Research limitations/implications

The cross-sectional design, along with the relatively low number of participants and the self-reporting nature of the questionnaires, represent the current study's main limitations. Developing the research model could integrate new variables, such as customer co-creation processes, performance-based compensation, employee citizenship activities and transformational leadership.

Practical implications

This research has both theoretical and practical implications. These emphasize the importance of further investigation into the factors influencing companies' innovation processes. They also provide managers with a means of finding a fit between the deployment of customer knowledge mechanisms and the achievement of innovative workplace behavior, to improve innovation process efficiency.

Originality/value

The current study broadens the empirical research area of customer knowledge management and its impact on both innovative work behavior and the product innovation process, particularly in knowledge-intensive market scenarios that require organizations to be innovative.
Shared and contrasting associations in the dynamic nano‐ and picoplankton communities of two close but contrasting sites from the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Garate Leire , Alonso‐Sáez Laura , Revilla Marta , Logares Ramiro , Lanzén Anders
Published: August 2022

Pico‐ and nanoplankton are key players in the marine ecosystems due to their implication in the biogeochemical cycles, nutrient recycling and the pelagic food webs. However, the specific dynamics and niches of most bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic plankton remain unknown, as well as the interactions between them. Better characterization of these is critical for understanding and predicting ecosystem functioning under anthropogenic pressures. We used environmental DNA metabarcoding across a 6‐year time series to explore the structure and seasonality of pico‐ and nanoplankton communities in two sites of the Bay of Biscay, one coastal and one offshore, and construct association networks to reveal potential keystone and connector taxa. Temporal trends in alpha diversity were similar between the two sites, and concurrent communities more similar than within the same site at different times. However, we found differences between the network topologies of the two sites, with both shared and site‐specific keystones and connectors. For example, Micromonas, with lower abundance in the offshore site is a keystone here, indicating a stronger effect of associations such as resource competition. This study provides an example of how time series and association network analysis can reveal how similar communities may function differently despite being geographically close.
Phenological growth stage of tropical shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) planted from seed in lowland area based on the BBCH scale
Authors: Pangestuti Retno , Sulistyaningsih Endang , Kurniasih Budiastuti , Murti Rudi Hari , Harper Stephen , Subandiyah Siti
Published: July 2022

Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) is an important Allium plant commonly grown in tropical countries, including Indonesia, and it is used as spice for daily cooking, medicine, cosmetics and dietary supplements. Since shallot is predominantly propagated vegetatively by bulbs, it augments pathogen accumulation which influences low seed bulb management as well as productivity. Hence, utilisation of seeds/True Seed Shallot (TSS) emerges an alternative propagation material. However, no information is available on the growth stages of shallot plants from TSS. The phenological growth stages of tropical shallot planted in lowland areas using seeds in accordance with the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt nd CHemische Industrie (BBCH) scale are first described here. Five introduced TSS cultivars, that is, Tuk Tuk, Lokananta, Sanren, Maserati, Tropix and four landraces TSS cultivars, that is, Bima, Biru Lancor, Pancasona and Trisula, were used as planting materials to develop an extended numerical BBCH scale for the identification of different phenological growth stages of shallot from seed. The study was conducted in lowland areas under tropical conditions of Indonesia. Based on BBCH scale, phenology of tropical shallot from seed in lowland area exhibited five of the 10 principal stages (0–9): germination (stage 0), leaf development (stage 1), formation of lateral shoot/tiller of pseudostem (stage 2), development of bulb (harvestable vegetative part) (stage 4), and senescence (stage 9). The codification of the different growth stages is essential in determination of the correct timing for better crop management, particularly for transplanting, fertilisation, control of weeds, disease and pest, plant growth regulators application and harvest time. As an implication, these BBCH scales could be used in plant breeding activities to shorten the TSS life cycle.
Using videos in active learning: An experience in veterinary anatomy
Authors: Senos Rafael , Leite Carolina Augusta Ramos , dos Santos Tolezano Fellipe , Roberto‐Rodrigues Mauro , Pérez William
Published: July 2022

Examination failure rate is high in veterinary anatomy in Brazilian universities. We report here our active learning experience in which students recorded video reports on veterinary anatomical specimens of locomotor apparatus to support classic learning. Eighteen students were divided into 2 groups, case group (V3) and control (E). Case group students individually recorded video reports of prosected specimens weekly. Acceptance and efficacy of the strategy were assessed with a Likert scale anonymous questionnaire and students' scores in theoretical exams. The method was highly accepted and the performance test proved that recording videos is an effective strategy for active learning in anatomy.
Effects of topical docosahexaenoic acid on postoperative fibrosis in an animal model of glaucoma filtration surgery
Authors: Carré Chloé , Baudin Florian , Buteau Bénédicte , Martine Lucy , Grégoire Stéphane , Vasku Glenda , Berdeaux Olivier , Béduneau Arnaud , Pellequer Yann , Jamoussi Jasmine , Desrumeaux Catherine , Aho Serge , Bron Alain‐Marie , Acar Niyazi , Creuzot‐Garcher Catherine , Gabrielle Pierre Henri
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a potential antifibrotic agent after glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) in rats.

Methods

A total of 36 10‐week‐old Brown Norway rats underwent GFS. Animals were equally divided into three groups: a control group, a DHA group and a mitomycin C (MMC) group. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using a dynamic rebound tonometer, and a photograph of the surgical site was taken on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 17. The incorporation of DHA into fibroblasts was evaluated by gas chromatography. The expression of alfa‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and Smad proteins was assessed by Western blotting.

Results

IOP decreased after surgery in animals from the three groups on day 1 after surgery. Over time, IOP remained lower in the DHA and MMC groups than in the control group (median [interquartile range] 8.0 [7.0–8.0] and 8.0 [7.3–8.0] mmHg vs. 9.0 [8.0–9.0] mmHg, respectively; p < 0.001). Bleb area in the DHA and MMC groups remained larger than that of the control group from day 7 to day 14 (3.9 [2.9–5.2] and 3.5 [2.3–4.4] mm2 vs. 2.3 [2.0–2.8] mm2, respectively; p = 0.0021). We did not observe any change in DHA concentrations in the fibroblasts of the DHA group compared with the other groups.

Conclusion

The impact of DHA on IOP and bleb area was similar to that of MMC. The mechanisms of action of DHA in rat eye fibroblasts deserve further investigation.
Protective effect of proton‐pump inhibitor against gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving oral anticoagulants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ahn Hyo‐Jeong , Lee So‐Ryoung , Choi Eue‐Keun , Rhee Tae‐Min , Kwon Soonil , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: August 2022

Aims

The evidence of a protective effect of proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) in oral anticoagulant (OAC)‐treated patients against gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is still lacking. We conducted a meta‐analysis to estimate the risk of GIB in patients with OAC and PPI cotherapy.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Scopus databases was performed for studies reporting GIB risk in OAC and PPI cotherapy. Primary outcomes were total GIB and major GIB events. Pooled estimates of GIB risk were calculated by a random‐effect meta‐analysis and reported as odds ratios and 95% confidence interval.

Results

A total of 10 studies and 1 970 931 patients were included. OAC and PPI cotherapy were associated with a lower odds of total and major GIB; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.67 (0.62–0.74) for total and 0.68 (0.63–0.75) for major GIB, respectively. No differences in the GIB of PPI cotherapy were observed between Asians and non‐Asians (P‐for‐difference, total GIB = .70, major GIB = .75, respectively). For all kinds of OAC except for edoxaban, PPI cotreatment was related to lower odds of GIB by 24–44%. The protective effect of PPI on total GIB was more significant in concurrent antiplatelets or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug users and those with high bleeding risks: patients with previous GIB history, HAS‐BLED ≥3 or underlying gastrointestinal diseases.

Conclusion

In patients who receive OAC, PPI cotherapy is associated with a lower total and major GIB irrespective of ethnic group and OAC type, except for edoxaban. PPI cotherapy can be considered particularly in patients with high risk of GIB.
TUXEDO: a phase I/II trial of cetuximab with chemoradiotherapy in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: James Nicholas D. , Liu Wenyu , Pirrie Sarah , Kaur Baljit , Hendron Carey , Ford Daniel , Zarkar Anjali , Viney Richard , Southgate Elizabeth , Desai Amisha , Hussain Syed A. ,   the TUXEDO investigators
Published: July 2022

Objective

To assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of adding cetuximab to standard chemoradiotherapy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer.

Patients and Methods

TUXEDO was a prospective, single‐arm, open‐label, phase I/II trial conducted in six UK hospitals. Cetuximab was administered with an initial loading dose of 400 mg/m2 on Day 1 of Week −1, and then seven weekly doses of 250 mg/m2. The radiotherapy schedule was 64 Gy/32F with Day 1 mitomycin C (12 g/m2) and 5‐fluorouracil (500 mg/m2/day) over Days 1–5 and Days 22–26. Patients with T2‐4aN0M0 urothelial cancer and a performance status of 0–1 were eligible. Prior neoadjuvant therapy was permitted. The Phase I primary outcome was impact on radiotherapy treatment completion and toxicity experienced during treatment. The Phase II primary outcome was local control at 3 months post treatment.

Results

Between September 2012 and October 2016, 33 patients were recruited; seven in Phase I, 26 in Phase II. Three patients in Phase II were subsequently deemed ineligible and received no trial therapy. Eight patients discontinued cetuximab due to adverse effects. The patients’ median (range) age was 70.1 (60.6–75.1) years, 20 had a performance status of 0, 27 were male and 26 had already received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In Phase I, all patients completed planned radiotherapy, with no delays or dose reductions. Of the 30 evaluable patients in Phase II, 25 had confirmed local control 3 months after treatment (77%, 95% confidence interval 58–90). During the trial there were 18 serious adverse events. The study was halted due to slow accrual.

Conclusion

Phase I data demonstrate it is feasible and safe to add cetuximab to chemoradiotherapy. Exploratory analysis of Phase II data provides evidence to consider further clinical evaluation of cetuximab in this setting.
Describing the natural history of clinical, biochemical and radiological outcomes of children with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) from the United Kingdom: A retrospective case series
Authors: Zhong Zhu Xuan , Harris Julie , Wilber Ellen , Gorman Samantha , Savage David B. , O'Rahilly Stephen , Stears Anna , Williams Rachel M.
Published: August 2022

Context

Familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) results from autosomal dominant mutations in the LMNA gene, causing lack of subcutaneous fat deposition and excess ectopic fat accumulation, leading to metabolic complications and reduced life expectancy. The rarity of the condition means that the natural history of FPLD2 throughout childhood is not well understood. We report outcomes in a cohort of 12 (5M) children with a genetic diagnosis of FPLD2, under the care of the UK National Severe Insulin Resistance Service (NSIRS) which offers multidisciplinary input including dietetic, in addition to screening for comorbidities.

Objective

To describe the natural history of clinical, biochemical and radiological outcomes of children with FPLD2.

Design

A retrospective case note review of children with a genetic diagnosis of FPLD2 who had been seen in the paediatric NSIRS was performed.

Patients

Twelve (5M) individuals diagnosed with FPLD2 via genetic testing before age 18 and who attended the NSIRS clinic were included.

Measurements

Relationships between metabolic variables (HbA1c, triglycerides, fasting insulin, fasting glucose and alanine transaminase [ALT]) across time, from first visit to most recent, were explored using a multivariate model, adjusted for age and gender. The age of development of comorbidities was recorded.

Results

Three patients (all female) developed diabetes between 12 and 19 years and were treated with Metformin. One female has hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and four (1M) patients developed mild hepatic steatosis at a median [range] age of 14(12–15) years. Three (1M) patients reported mental health problems related to lipodystrophy. There was no relationship between biochemical results and age. Patients with diabetes had higher concentrations of ALT than patients who did not have diabetes, adjusted for age, gender and body mass index standard deviation scores.

Conclusions

Despite dietetic input, some patients, more commonly females, developed comorbidities after the age of 10. The absence of relationships between biochemical results and age likely reflects a small cohort size. We propose that, while clinical review and dietetic support are beneficial for children with FPLD2, formal screening for comorbidities before age 10 may not be of benefit. Clinical input from an multidisciplinary team including dietician, psychologist and clinician should be offered after diagnosis.
Sibling coalitions in the context of parental child maltreatment
Authors: Katz Carmit , Cohen Noa , Tener Dafna , Sharabi Or‐Yuval
Published: August 2022

Child maltreatment (CM) is a social and public health issue with a high global prevalence. However, sibling dynamics in the context of CM remain understudied. The present study aims to shed light on sibling relationships in the context of parental CM. The sample included 20 Israeli adult CM survivors who grew up with at least one sibling. In‐depth interviews explored their experiences as children, with a focus on their relationship with their siblings. A thematic analysis identified the main theme of the formation, or lack thereof, of sibling coalitions in childhood and adulthood. Some participants described comforting and protective sibling relationships in childhood, whereas others told of conflictual or distant childhood relationships that developed into adulthood alliances. Others described perpetrating parents who attempted to disrupt the sibling relationship. The sibling relationship comprises complex dynamics and emotions, which can vary within a single sibling subsystem. The findings highlight the need to examine sibling dynamics throughout the lifespan and their relation to CM survivors' wellbeing. Regarding the spillover and compensation hypotheses, there is a need to explore the role of the perpetrating parent and their attempts to sabotage the sibling dynamic.
Differentiation between anatomical slenderness and acquired stenosis of the internal jugular veins
Authors: Wang Mengqi , Wu Xiaoqin , Lan Duo , Zhou Da , Ding Yuchuan , Ji Xunming , Meng Ran
Published: August 2022

Background and Purposes

Differentiating between acquired stenosis (pathologic) and anatomical slenderness (physiologic) of internal jugular vein (IJV) remain ambiguous. Herein, we aimed to compare the similarities and differences between the two entities.

Methods

Patients who underwent head and neck computer tomography (CT) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were enrolled in this case‐control study from January 2016 through October 2021.

Results

1487 eligible patients entered final analysis totally. 803 patients had bilateral IJVs imaging without IJV stenosis‐related symptoms and presented in three ways: right IJV slenderness (10.5%, n = 85), left IJV slenderness (48.4%, n = 388), and symmetric IJVs (41.1%, n = 330). In patients with asymmetric IJVs, their bilateral jugular foramina were also asymmetric. All involved asymmetric IJVs presented as slenderness without surrounding abnormal collaterals and credible cloudy‐like white matter hyper‐intensity (WMH). Their cerebral arterial perfusion statuses on brain MR‐PWI maps were normal.

In contrast, the major patients with IJV stenosis presented with signs and symptoms such as headaches, head noise, etc. In CE‐MRV maps, local stenosis of the IJV was surrounded by abnormal venous collaterals in contrast to the lack of abnormal venous collaterals for patients with IJV slenderness. And in CTV maps, the caliber of jugular foramina was mismatched with the transverse diameter of IJV. Moreover, in MRI maps of most of these patients, a cloudy‐like WMHs were distributed symmetrically in bilateral periventricular and/or centrum semi vales. These patients also had symmetrical cerebral arterial hypo‐perfusion. Seven patients underwent stenting of the IJV stenosis correction, their WMHs attenuated or disappeared subsequently.

Conclusions

Imaging features in addition to clinical symptoms can be used to differentiate between physiologic IJV slenderness and pathologic IJV stenosis. Notable imagine‐defining features for IJV stenosis include local stenosis surrounded by abnormal venous collaterals, cloudy‐like WMHs, and mismatch between the transverse diameter of IJV and the caliber of the jugular foramina.
Novel strategy for primary epithelial cell isolation: Combination of hyaluronidase and collagenase I
Authors: Hu Zhewen , Chen Yiming , Gao Min , Chi Xiaopei , He Ying , Zhang Chenguang , Yang Yue , Li Yuman , Lv Yan , Huang Ying , Deng Xuliang
Published: August 2022

Objective

Different strategies for epithelial cell isolation significantly affect the viability and physiological properties of primary cells. Trypsin digestion, a conventional method, causes collateral damage owing to its strong digestive potential. To better preserve the physiological properties of epithelial tissues, we aimed to develop a modified method (hyaluronidase and collagenase I combination) for primary cell isolation.

Method

We used conventional and modified methods to compare cell viability, morphology and stemness. Additionally, we investigated the passaging stability of epithelial cells and their capacity for organoid formation. Finally, we compared the two methods for isolating urothelial, oesophageal, lingual, and epidermal epithelial cells.

Result

Gingival epithelial cells obtained using the modified method had higher viability, better morphology and stronger stemness than those obtained using the conventional method. Additionally, primary cells obtained using the modified method were stably passaged. Regarding organoid culture, adopting the modified method led to a significant increase in the growth rate and expression of the stem cell markers cytokeratin (CK)‐19 and Ki‐67. Furthermore, the modified method outperformed the conventional method for isolating urothelial, epidermal, oesophageal and lingual epithelial cells.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that the combination of hyaluronidase and collagenase I outperformed trypsin in preserving the physiological properties of primary cells and organoid formation. The modified method could be broadly applied to isolate different types of epithelial cells and facilitate studies on organoids and tissue engineering.
Dental trauma splints for the mixed dentition – A finite element analysis of splint material, splint extension, missing teeth, and PDL representation
Authors: Vilela Andomar Bruno Fernandes , Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira , Versluis Antheunis , Soares Carlos José
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims

Dental traumatic injuries are common in children during the mixed dentition stage. These injuries usually require splinting for stabilization, which is complicated by the various stages of the permanent tooth development and primary tooth exfoliation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on mobility of splint materials and extensions for an avulsed central incisor, stabilized with and without the adjacent incisor under intrusive and extrusive loading with different periodontal ligament (PDL) conditions.

Materials and Methods

Seventeen 3D model variations were created from a CBCT scan of a 7‐year‐old patient without erupted permanent upper lateral incisors. A 1000 N palatal load on the right central incisor simulated the avulsion injury and created an increased alveolus and bone deformation, resulting in an increased PDL thickness of 0.45 mm. Wire‐resin composite splints with 0.9 mm cross‐section (WCS) or 1.0 mm diameter nylon‐resin composite splints (NCS) were created. The models simulated conditions with and without the adjacent upper central incisor. Two PDL conditions were investigated, simulating detached PDL or PDL with polyether impression material‐like properties. Mobility was calculated under simulated biting loads in horizontal and vertical (intrusive and extrusive) directions.

Results

The NCS allowed greater tooth mobility of the avulsed incisor than the WCS, irrespective of splint extension, PDL condition, or load application. During horizontal loading, polyether‐like properties for the PDL allowed around 0.2 mm mobility of the avulsed tooth with the WCS, similar to the intact tooth, whereas a simulated detached PDL allowed 25% more mobility with a WCS than with a NCS.

Conclusions

Based on the FEA analysis, a 1.0 mm NCS may be suitable for splinting avulsion injuries during the mixed dentition stage compared to the considerably more rigid WCS. The NCS models provided flexibility for PDL healing while maintaining stability, even when missing adjacent teeth increased span widths. Extensions beyond directly adjacent teeth did not alter the mobility with the NCS but should still be considered an extra protection in case of bond failure or exfoliation.
Parasitoid venom alters the lipid composition and development of microorganisms on the wax moth cuticle
Authors: Kryukov Vadim Yu. , Chernyak Elena I. , Kryukova Natalia , Tyurin Maksim , Krivopalov Anton , Yaroslavtseva Olga , Senderskiy Igor , Polenogova Olga , Zhirakovskaia Elena , Glupov Viktor V. , Morozov Sergey V.
Published: August 2022

Ectoparasitoids may change host metabolism, making the environment more favorable for the development of their larvae. These alterations may also be suitable for growth and proliferation of commensal microorganisms and pathogens. This is especially important in relation to cuticular microbiota, with which ectoparasitoids interact directly. However, biochemical and microbiological changes occurring on insect cuticles in response to parasitoid venoms are insufficiently understood. We assayed the biochemical and microbiological changes in cuticles of larvae of the wax moth,Galleria mellonella(L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), after envenomation byHabrobracon brevicornis(Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).In particular, lipid composition in the epicuticle, total nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) amounts in the cuticle, bacterial colony‐forming unit (CFU) counts, and bacterial community structure (16S rRNA gene‐based metagenomics) on the insect surface were analyzed. The susceptibility of wax moth larvae to the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF)Metarhizium robertsiiJ.F. Bisch., S.A. Rehner & Humber (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) was also assessed.Envenomation led to an increase in the hydrocarbon amount, as well as alterations in the fatty acid composition of the epicuticle; in particular, a large decrease in the amount of ω‐1 hydroxy fatty acids. The total N and C amounts in the cuticle also slightly increased after envenomation. These changes were correlated with a decrease in bacterial diversity and an increase inEnterococcusabundance on the surface of envenomated larvae. Envenomation also led to a substantial increase in larval susceptibility toM. robertsiiinfection; differences between the LC50values of envenomated and control larvae were 505 000‐fold. We suggest that the hyper‐lipidation of the cuticle is related to processes occurring in the host’s hemocoel after envenomation by the parasitoid. The effects of the changes in the lipid composition on the proliferation and development of microorganisms are discussed.
Interpersonal violence education: An analysis of the Spanish oral health school's curricula and future requirements
Authors: Arroyo‐Bote Sebastiana , Martínez‐Arroyo Carolina , Gallego‐Álvarez Mª. Ángeles , Arroyo‐Bote Chelo , Manzanares‐Céspedes Mª. Cristina
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Interpersonal violence results in injuries that frequently affect oral, head and neck structures, the treatment of which must be carried out by Oral health practitioners with sufficient training to detect the problem and manage the victim's lesions and need for referral. The objective of this study is to know the academic preparation that Spanish dentistry students receive in learning outcomes related to interpersonal violence during undergraduate academic training.

Materials and methods

A survey was conducted through an online form with 9 questions (Survey Monkey platform). The link was sent by email to the deans of the 23 Spanish universities (public and private) offering dentistry degrees. The analysis of the results was carried out using Fisher's test and a chi‐squared test.

Results

95.63% of the deans (n = 22) responded. 85.7% of the universities report to carry on training in violence, according with Spanish legislation. Currently 33.3% dedicate less than 5 h to this training, whereas in the future study plans only 19% would dedicate less than 5 h to these learning outcomes. 85.7% of the respondents agree in consider this training as mandatory. The subjects in which learning outcomes on interpersonal violence were reported to be included were: legal and forensic dentistry (78%), psychology (55%), medical ethics (33.3%), paediatric dentistry (39%), surgery (5.5%) and 22% respondents cited other specialties. In future curricula, the competence areas in which such training is proposed to be imparted are: legal and forensic dentistry (80.9%), psychology and medical ethics (57.1%), paediatric dentistry (38.1%), surgery (14.2%) and in 23.8% also in other specialties. Significant differences were found between public and private universities only in the number of hours that would be dedicated to interpersonal violence learning outcomes in the future.

Conclusions

Interpersonal violence encompasses situations of abuse and neglect inflicted to different patients (women, children, elderly) that are perceived both by Oral Health students and practitioners to require a comprehensive training. Most of the respondent deans consider that in the future curricula both the hours and areas that teach interpersonal violence learning outcomes must be increased. To respond to victim's need for help and care, the future requirements for the Oral health workforce education must encompass interprofessional undergraduate as well as postgraduate training in interpersonal violence.
Decision‐making in stereotactic epilepsy surgery
Authors: Miller Kai J. , Fine Anthony L.
Published: July 2022

Surgery can cure or significantly improve both the frequency and the intensity of seizures in patients with medication‐refractory epilepsy. The set of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions involved in the path from initial consultation to definitive surgery is complex and includes a multidisciplinary team of neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and neuropsychologists, supported by a very large epilepsy‐dedicated clinical architecture. In recent years, new practices and technologies have emerged that dramatically expand the scope of interventions performed. Stereoelectroencephalography has become widely adopted for seizure localization; stereotactic laser ablation has enabled more focal, less invasive, and less destructive interventions; and new brain stimulation devices have unlocked treatment of eloquent foci and multifocal onset etiologies. This article articulates and illustrates the full framework for how epilepsy patients are considered for surgical intervention, with particular attention given to stereotactic approaches.
Grocery Shopping before, during and after the Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bridges Eileen , Fowler Kendra
Published: August 2022

This research compares grocery shopping attitudes and behaviors before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly online/offline shopping modes. Prior to COVID‐19, more consumers shopped in person, even if it was not preferred; consumers who preferred to shop online were found to have greater need for control. During the pandemic, more consumers adopted online grocery shopping, and differences in need for control disappeared. Qualitative research suggests that need for control was superseded by lower‐order needs related to food/safety. There is also a growing consumer desire to grocery shop in person, so postpandemic, this is anticipated to increase relative to online shopping.