bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology Acceptance Model in an Environmental and Organizational Context (evidence from Kazakhstan)
Authors: Meirmanova Aigul
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of the environmental and organizational moderators on farmers’ e-commerce adoption behaviour. Data were collected from 384 wheat farmers in Kazakhstan. Descriptive analysis and multiple group analysis findings revealed that environmental (i.e. government) and organizational moderators had an insignificant effect on the relationship of the dependent variables (between behavioural intention and usage behaviour). However, there is a positive impact of the environmental (i.e. government) and organizational moderators on the relationship between the independent variables (Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Social Influence, Facilititating Conditions, Compatibility) and dependent variable (behavioural intention).
Midgut malrotation: case series
Authors: Gupta Dimple , Paruthy Shivani B. , Das Anirban , Thakur Radhika
Published: July 2021

Mal rotation of midgut is associated with other anomalies usually encountered in neonatal period or early childhood. If undetected in childhood it presents in adulthood with small bowel obstruction, repeated appendicitis or chronic abdominal symptoms. CECT abdomen is mandatory for diagnosis though it often presents as surgical surprise on abdominal laparotomy. Hereby, we presented 3 cases where it was undetected till adulthood though CECT was mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Case 1 patient presented with chronic abdominal pain on left abdomen was actually malrotation with appendix lying on left hypochondrium and stenosed fourth part duodenum adding to vomiting off and on. Case 2 patient in adulthood presented with repeated sub-acute intestinal obstruction because of midgut mal-rotation. Relieved after Ladd band was cut and obstructive symptoms relieved. Case 3 patient had inflammed appendix in subhepatic position was cause of chronic pain with para duodenal hernial sac adding to intestinal obstruction with malrotation of midgut.
Comparative study of biofilm formation in tubotympanic and atticoantral ear disease
Authors: Saroj Sanjay Kumar , Kumar Rajesh , Aggarwal Sushil Kumar , Banerjee Tuhina , Chaudhary Ashvanee Kumar , Sharma Swati , Gupta Deepak Kumar , Das Subhadeep
Published: July 2021

Background: Biofilm is an organized bacterial community that may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. It plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic tonsillitis and chronic suppurative otitis media. Biofilms may explain the recurrence and recalcitrant episodes of otorrhea in chronic otitis media (COM). The objective of this study was to detect biofilm formation in chronic suppurative otitis media and compare the pattern of biofilm formation in tubotympanic and atticoantral ear diseases.

Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Patients included in the study ranged from 10 to 65 years of age from  both the sexes and varying socioeconomic status. Samples were collected using sterile precautions in cases of tubotympanic as well as atticoantral COM. The collected samples were directly inoculated onto MacConkey and blood agar media. LisaScan® EM microtitter plate reader was used to identify the presence of biofilm.

Results: The most common organism was P. aeruginosa and S. aureus followed by Moraxella catarrhalis whereas in cases with tubotympanic COM, most common organism was S. aureus. We found that, in atticoantral type of COM biofilm formation was significantly more common as compared to that in tubotympanic type of COM.

Conclusions: Biofilm formation in COM is even higher when atticoantral disease is present.
Photobiomodulation- Yes or No?. following laser gingival depigmentation: A case report
Authors: Thangmawizuali Tualzik , Chopra Rahul , Jain Gupta Swyeta , Sharma Nikhil , Gulati Lakita , Mohan Prerna , Agrawal Eiti
Published: July 2021

Gingival hyperpigmentation in many esthetic concern patient poses a psychological problem and embarrassment. Among the many procedures used for gingival depigmentation, diode laser is considered as one which is highly accepted by the patient due to the absence of bleeding during and after procedure and being a fast and effective method. Literature have also stated the beneficial effect of low dose laser therapy on wound healing due to its potential to increase mitochondrial function, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), RNA, and protein synthesis which may further increase the cellular metabolism resulting in enhancement in wound healing and acceleration of the inflammatory process. This case report presents the use of diode laser for gingival depigmentation followed by laser photobiomodulation in an attempt to fasten the healing.
The Effect of Extension Services and Credit on Agricultural Production in Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia
Authors: Neves Mateus C. R. , De Figueiredo Silva Felipe , Freitas Carlos Otávio
Published: July 2021

In this paper we estimate the average treatment effect from access to extension services and credit on agricultural production in selected Andean countries (Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia). More specifically, we want to identify the effect of accessibility, here represented as travel time to the nearest area with 1,500 or more inhabitants per square kilometer or at least 50,000 inhabitants, on the likelihood of accessing extension and credit. To estimate the treatment effect and identify the effect of accessibility on these variables, we use data from the Colombian and Bolivian Agricultural Censuses of 2013 and 2014, respectively; a national agricultural survey from 2017 for Peru; and geographic information on travel time. We find that the average treatment effect for extension is higher compared to that of credit for farms in Bolivia and Peru, and lower for Colombia. The average treatment effects of extension and credit for Peruvian farms are $2,387.45 and $3,583.42 respectively. The average treatment effect for extension and credit are $941.92 and $668.69, respectively, while in Colombia are $1,365.98 and $1,192.51, respectively. We also find that accessibility and the likelihood of accessing these services are nonlinearly related. Results indicate that higher likelihood is associated with lower travel time, especially in the analysis of credit.
Propuesta de Reglamento en materia de responsabilidad civil por el uso de inteligencia artificial, del Parlamento Europeo, de 20 de octubre de 2020
Authors: Álvarez Olalla María Pilar
Published: July 2021

El Parlamento Europeo ha aprobado una Propuesta de Reglamento en materia de responsabilidad civil por el uso de sistemas de inteligencia artificial, publicada el 20 de octubre de 2020. En ella se establece una distinción entre los denominados Sistemas de Alto Riesgo, que estarán sometidos a un régimen de responsabilidad objetiva impuesto a los operadores de dicho sistema, si bien con límites indemnizatorios muy severos; y los Sistemas no de Alto Riesgo, en los cuales el operador queda sometido a un sistema de responsabilidad cuasiobjetiva, con inversión de la carga de la prueba de la culpa, pero sin límites indemnizatorios predeterminados.
¿Abrir el grifo equivale a celebrar un contrato? El Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea se pronuncia sobre los suministros no consentidos
Authors: García Hernández Alba
Published: July 2021

El Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea se ha pronunciado acerca de los suministros no consentidos, por medio de la resolución de cuestiones prejudiciales presentadas por el Tribunal Supremo de los Países Bajos. Si bien es cierto que delega cuestiones relevantes a los tribunales nacionales para que resuelvan de acuerdo con el ordenamiento interno, de tal resolución se deducen dos cuestiones relevantes en el ámbito de los suministros, que serán analizadas en el presente trabajo: 1) qué es un contrato no consentido y 2) cuándo y cómo se entiende prestado el consentimiento debido para la perfección de contrato.
HoneyNetCloud Investigation Model, A Preventive Process Model for IoT Forensics
Authors: Raman Jayakrishnan Anilakkad , Varadharajan Vasanthi
Published: July 2021

With the pervasive usage of sensing systems and IoT things, the importance of security has increased. Attempts towards breaching IoT security systems by attackers are on upsurge. Many intrusions in embedded systems, sensing equipment and IoT things have occurred in the past. Though there are cyber security tools like Antivirus, Intrusion detection and prevention systems available for securing the digital devices and its networks. However, a forensic methodology to be followed for the analysis and investigation to detect origin cause of network incidents is lacking. This paper derives a comprehensive preventive cyber forensic process model with honeypots for the digital IoT investigation process which is formal, that can assist in the court of law in defining the reliability of the investigative process. One year data of various attacks to the IoT network has been recorded by the honeypots for this study. The newly derived model HIM has been validated using various methods and instead of converging on a particular aspect of investigation, it details the entire lifecycle of IoT forensic investigation. The model is targeted to address the forensic analysts’ requirements and the need of legal fraternity for a forensic model. The process model follows a preventive method which reduce further attacks on network.
Primate Jan Wężyk in the Role of Interrex and Senator of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Period of Interregnum Following the Death of Sigismund III Vasa in 1632
Authors: Kaczorowski Włodzimierz
Published: July 2021

Prymas Jan Wężyk w roli interreksa oraz senatora Rzeczypospolitej w okresie bezkrólewia po śmierci Zygmunta III Wazy w 1632 roku

W Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów prymas, a zarazem arcybiskup gnieźnieński po śmierci monarchy przejmował obowiązki w zakresie reprezentowania państwa na zewnątrz, przygotowywał wybór nowego króla i w tym celu zwoływał sejmiki orz sejm konwokacyjny. Prymas wreszcie ogłaszał wybór elekta, czyli dokonywał nominacji.

Po śmierci Zygmunta III Wazy w 1632 r. funkcję interreksa w okresie bezkrólewia pełnił prymas Jan Wężyk (1575-1638). Z funkcji tej wywiązał się znakomicie. Sprawowane prze niego urzędy postawiły go w rzędzie osób, które wpływały na kształt Rzeczypospolitej i Kościoła. Za prymasostwa Jana Wężyka częściowo rozwiązano sprawę compositio inter status, od kilkudziesięciu lat ciążącą na stosunkach szlachty z duchowieństwem. Prymas Jan Wężyk był również mecenasem kultury i sztuki.
Formacja intelektualna ks. Stefana Wyszyńskiego w dziedzinie pracy ludzkiej i ustawodawstwa pracy – okresy II RP i II wojny światowej
Authors: Nowik Paweł
Published: July 2021

Myśl Wyszyńskiego na temat pracy jest owocem nie tylko intelektualnej refleksji nad osiągnięciami europejskich myślicieli katolickiej nauki społecznej, ale nade wszystko ma swoje zakorzenienie w osobistym doświadczeniu życia duchowego i formacji biblijnej. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób kształtowała się formacja intelektualna w zakresie problematyki pracy i ustawodawstwa pracy w świetle katolickiej nauki społecznej. Celem artykułu jest także poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytania pomocnicze: jakiego rodzaju aktywność społeczną podejmował w odniesieniu do realizacji myśli społecznego nauczania Kościoła? Czym jest praca i jakie cele stoją przed ustawodawstwem pracy według ks. Wyszyńskiego? Co myśl ks. Wyszyńskiego na temat ustawodawstwa pracy może wnieść do współczesnej doktryny prawa pracy?
“Under the Pacifying Arms of the Cross.” The Valley of the Fallen: a Place of Imprisonment, Reconciliation and Social Reintegration in Spain (1940-1959)
Authors: De la Fuente de Pablo Pablo , Taracha Cezary
Published: July 2021

The Valley of the Fallen is the monument that boasts the largest Christian cross in the world. Buried at its feet are tens of thousands of those who fought and fell during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). They rest in the Basilica of the Holy Cross together without any designation as to on which side they fought. The article focuses on the vicissitudes of the penitentiary colony made up mainly of Republican prisoners sentenced for serious crimes committed during the war. This monument, a symbol of atonement and reconciliation, has become the target of a relentless political onslaught carried out by the socialist and communist government and fuelled by a series of myths analysed in the article.
Ukraińskie ustawodawstwo aborcyjne a prawo naturalne
Authors: Byś Olena , Kawa Stanisław
Published: July 2021

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono tło historyczne legalizacji aborcji na Ukrainie. Punktem wyjścia jest myśl starożytnych lekarzy, filozofów i prawników, gdyż ta przenikała na tereny historyczne dzisiejszej Ukrainy głównie przez chrystianizację. Przede wszystkim były to wpływy kultury bizantyjskiej, a poniekąd i rzymskiej. Współczesna Ukraina odwołuje się w swej historii do czasów Rusi Kijowskiej. Z tego powodu w artykule przybliżono stosunek do aborcji w zwyczajach i prawach tego państwa. Po upadku Rusi Kijowskiej przedstawiono regulacje od XVI w. w Rosji. Następnie naszkicowano sytuację prawną w odniesieniu do aborcji w ZSRR. W tym temacie Ukraina również zaczerpnęła ze spuścizny rosyjskiej i sowieckiej. Kolejno przeanalizowano obowiązujące regulacje prawne na Ukrainie, a także dokonano oceny obowiązującego stanu prawnego według norm wynikających z prawa naturalnego.
Funkcjonowanie kanonicznego porządku prawnego. Prawo Boże, prawo ludzkie, prawo czysto kościelne w prawie kanonicznym
Authors: Dzierżon Ginter
Published: July 2021

W zaprezentowanym opracowaniu Autor podjął namysł nad funkcjonowaniem kanonicznego porządku prawnego. Wykazał on, iż prawa kościelnego nie można postrzegać pozytywistycznie. Fundamentu tego systemu nie tworzy bowiem prawo ludzkie, ale prawo Boże. To ono w systemie pełni z jednej strony funkcję konstytucyjną, z drugiej zaś określa granice interpretacji oraz aplikacji prawa kanonicznego. U podstaw prawa kościelnego leżą pryncypia teologiczne.

Ontologicznie prawo Boże jest niezmienne, ponieważ jednym z atrybutów Boga jest niezmienność. Historycznie natomiast jest ono prawem adresowanym do ludzkości. Dlatego też niezmienność dotyczy substratu materialnego prawa, nie odnosi się do sformułowania prawa. Prawo Boże jest zatem deklarowane przez ustawodawcę kościelnego w konkretnym kontekście historycznym. Ze względu na swą zdolność percepcyjną człowiek jest zdolny je opisać i rozpowszechnić. W tworzeniu kościelnego systemu prawnego nie można więc abstrahować od czynnika ludzkiego.

Zdaniem Autora, wskazywanie w doktrynie na poszczególne warstwy systemu prawnego, jakimi są prawo Boże, prawo ludzkie, prawo czysto kościelne ma charakter teoretycznoprawny. Występowanie kategorii prawa czysto kościelnego służy przede wszystkim odróżnieniu tego prawa od prawa Bożego i prawa ludzkiego. Prawo Boże jest zwornikiem i wyznacznikiem wszelkich norm. Władza kościelna zatem nie może stanowić prawa, które byłoby sprzeczne z prawem Bożym.
Sex Determination and Sex Differentiation
Authors: Protyusha G. B. , B. Sivapathasundharam
Published: July 2021

Sex determination is arguably the most defining moment of our lives, the point where we inherit X or Y chromosome from our father. This initiates a cascade of events that sets in a train of morphological changes, genetic regulations and molecular mechanisms. Following this, our fate is further sealed during sex differentiation and gonadal development owing to the action of sex-specific gonadal hormones. Therefore, the profoundly divergent journeys of male and female lives are decided just by the toss of a genetic coin. The existence of a third gender is also an undeniable aspect of our society. The understanding of the functioning and genetic regulation of the complex process of sexual determination and differentiation is pivotal in comprehension of the basis of human life. Any deviation from the usual mechanisms in the critical stages of development leads to disorders of sexual differentiation leading to sexual ambiguity among individuals. This review discusses the mechanisms that contribute to female and male sex determination and gonadal development, in an attempt to understand the basics of human sex.
ФАКТОРИ КОНСОЛІДАЦІЇ КАПІТАЛУ В БАНКІВСЬКОМУ СЕКТОРІ В УМОВАХ ІНДУСТРІЇ 4.0 ТА COVID-19
Authors: Глущенко Я. , Корогодова О. , Моісеєнко Т. , Сосновська О. , Черненко Н.
Published: July 2021

Анотація. Присвячено дослідженню факторів консолідації капіталу в банківському секторі в умовах Індустрії 4.0 i складних світових умовах, пов’язаних iз глобальної пандемією викликаною COVID-19. Визначено, що процеси консолідації в банківській сфері особливо активізувались у ХХ століття. Поштовхом до цього стали: укрупнення промислового капіталу і розширення місткості глобальних ринків, зростання масштабів діяльності транснаціональних корпорацій, необхідність підвищення ринкової капіталізації банків для розширення потенціалу у сфері кредитування, загострення конкуренції на глобальному ринку банківських послуг.
У процесі дослідження встановлено відповідність етапів розвитку банківського сектору до хвиль «операцій злиттів і поглинань» і «промислових революцій» (Індустрій 1.0 — 4.0). Обґрунтовано, що вплив Індустрії 4.0 в епоху COVID-19 дозволяє очікувати подальший ріст як кількості, так і вартості трансакцій у банківському секторі.
Дослідивши процеси консолідації банків в умовах глобальної трансформації економічного розвитку, установлено, що основні фактори впливу Індустрії 4.0 та пандемії COVID-19 на процеси злиттів та поглинань у банківському секторі такі: вплив технологій, запровадження штучного інтелекту в процесах обслуговування клієнтів, розвиток необанків, віртуального банкінгу та підпорядкування цілей діяльності банківських установ суспільним цінностям. Зазначено, що в умовах активізації сучасних глобалізаційних процесів і науково-технічного прогресу спостерігається негативний вплив кризових явищ на досягнення бажаного економічного результату, тому з урахуванням особливостей процесів консолідації в банківському секторі варто враховувати низку факторів актуальної економічної динаміки, які будуть залежати від якості оцінки економічної ситуації в різні проміжки часу. З огляду на це були розглянуті численні методичні підходи до оцінки факторів впливу на економічні процеси, що відрізняються за якістю інформаційного забезпечення, алгоритмами проведення та математичною складністю. Методичний інструментарій визначено, як напрям подальших досліджень.
У результаті дослідження авторам вдалося встановити, що для розуміння успішності процесів консолідації банківського капіталу потрібно мати певний критерій, що може демонструвати ступінь адаптації банківського сектору до факторів актуального економічного середовища.
Отримані результати вказують на те, що таким критерієм варто обрати системну ефективність. Вважаємо, що в сучасному технологічному укладі актуальною концепцією управління діяльністю економічних суб’єктів буде саме «управління ефективністю», а не управління бізнесом у цілому чи його окремими бізнес-процесами. 
Ключові слова: банківський сектор, COVID-19, Індустрія 4.0, індустріальний розвиток, злиття і поглинання, консолідація.
Формул: 0; рис.: 3; табл.: 1; бібл.: 24.
ДЕПОЗИТНА ПОЛІТИКА БАНКІВ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-2019
Authors: Фостяк В. , Танчак Я. , Другова В. , Алєксєєв І. , Бондарчук М.
Published: July 2021

Анотація. Пандемія COVID-2019 стала неочікуваним викликом для економік багатьох країн. Для уникнення швидкого розповсюдження хвороби уряди більшості країн вводили карантин, вимушено закривали кордони, установлювали обмеження на пересування населення тощо. Очевидно, що це провокувало нестабільність на фінансових ринках, різкі коливання курсів національних валют і погіршувало економічні очікування населення.
Проведено дослідження депозитної політики банків України в умовах економічної нестабільності, що була спровокована пандемією COVID-2019. На основі статистичних даних проаналізовано структуру депозитних вкладень юридичних і фізичних осіб, динаміку процентних ставок, регіональний розподіл депозитів, а також визначено банків-лідерів із залучення грошових коштів. Отримано неочікувані висновки щодо незначного впливу пандемії на ринок депозитів. Попри всі негативні прогнози, в Україні не спостерігалося значного відпливу депозитів, радше навпаки — банки змогли наростити обсяги залучених коштів від фізичних і юридичних осіб. Проте негативні очікування населення відбилися на структурі депозитних ресурсів, зокрема в аналізований період значно зросла частка коштів на вимогу і короткострокових депозитів.
На основі аналізу думок експертів, а також прогнозу основних економічних показників, що мають вплив на ринок депозитів, було розроблено й обґрунтовано три сценарії подальшого розвитку економіки України та банківського сектору — оптимістичний, критичний і реалістичний. На думку авторів, найбільш обґрунтованим у цих умовах може стати реалістичний сценарій, який передбачатиме позитивну динаміку у зростанні базових економічних показників, що впливатиме на зростання обсягів депозитних ресурсів у банках, водночас ураховуватиме потенційні ризики неекономічного характеру, що можуть дестабілізувати ситуацію.
Отримані висновки можуть бути застосовані при розробленні стратегій розвитку як окремих банків, так і банківської системи загалом.
Ключові слова: депозити, депозитна політика банків, пандемія, фінансові ресурси, банки, фінансові ризики.
Формул: 0; рис.: 4; табл.: 4; бібл.: 13.
FINANCING OF HOUSING THROUGH REAL ESTATE FUNDS: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEGAL, TAX AND ACCOUNTING ASPECTS
Authors: Karyi O. , Грицай О. , Sorokovyi P. , Khomuliak T.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The article examines the processes of housing construction financing through the mechanism of creating funds for real estate transactions from the standpoint of legal and scientific-theoretical justification. The interrelation of legal, tax, and accounting aspects in the process of housing financing through real estate funds and the impact of the issuance of property certificates as equity instruments on the activities of managers of real estate funds are determined.
In the context of providing the housing with financial resources, the dynamics of the index of capital investment in housing construction and the commissioned area of residential real estate as indicators of housing development are analyzed in recent years in Ukraine.
It is determined that the current Ukrainian legislation provides five mechanisms of financing of housing construction: construction financing funds, housing cooperatives, real estate funds, mutual investment institutions, issuance of interest-free (target) bonds. However, not all of them are widely used. In the course of the research, it was established that real estate funds are created for the owners of certificates of this fund to receive income from real estate transactions. Certificates of the real estate fund, which the manager issues when creating such a fund, are securities that certify the right of its owner to receive income from investing in real estate transactions and are in their economic essence equity securities.     
Emphasis is placed on the accounting aspect of such financing as the main source of financial information for managing the activities of the real estate fund. To improve the accounting and analytical support for the management of such a fund, the correspondence of accounts is proposed to reflect the typical business transactions related to the management of the property of the real estate fund.
Based on a critical analysis of the current domestic legislation, the tax consequences of the processes of housing construction financing through the mechanism of creating funds for real estate transactions are substantiated.
Keywords: financing, housing construction, real estate fund, objects of accounting, taxation.
JEL Classification G23, H25, L74, M41, R21
Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 22.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE OPEN ECONOMY OF UKRAINE
Authors: Rokocha V. , Tkalenko S. , Sukurova N. , Honcharova A. , Murashko O.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In terms of globalization of the world economy, the open economy of a country participating in the globalization process becomes an organic element of the world economy and thus receives additional incentives for development. International flows of goods and capital allow countries to get new sources for economic growth. Economic growth is now not only a function of internal but also of external factors. It is they who now determine the modernization tendencies of national economic policies, forcing them to move in accordance with world trends. The purpose of the research is to assess the relationship between economic growth of the country and external factors of its economic development, as well as to identify the dependency between external factors in order to clarify their role in the modernization of national economy. With this aim, the analysis of the main parameters of openness of Ukraine’s economy is carried out, as of external factors that influence on the national economic development, changes in the traditional production function under the influence of introduction in it of external factors of development, the estimated indicators of the named influences are modeled. The novelty of the research is the identification of dependency between the forms of openness of the economy and economic growth, the development of a model of relationship between the forms of openness of the economy. Research method. The study is based on a set of economic and economic-mathematical methods that are needed to identify the influence of external factors on the national economy, especially methods of abstraction, systematic and structural-comparative analysis, synthesis and modeling of economic processes. Among the models used in the research is a multifactor regression model. The empirical basis was the materials of official statistics of Ukraine for 1999—2019. The results of research showed: the role of globalization of Ukraine’s economy in its economic development, the importance of FDI as an external factor of economic development, the strong link between international capital flows and international flows of goods into the Ukrainian economy, the positive impact of the latter on the former.
Keywords: economic growth, globalization, external factors of economic growth, production function, open economy, FDI, foreign trade, government investment policy.
JEL Classification F21, F43, F47, F62
Formulas: 7; fig.: 1; tabl.: 8; bibl.: 24.
FEATURES OF THE INVESTMENT SOURCES ATTRACTING IN THE ENERGY SAVING INFRASTRUCTURE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Voznyuk M. , Pankiv O. , Bohiv R.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The peculiarities of the investment sources attracting in the energy saving infrastructure of Ukraine are illuminated. The energy saving infrastructure is proposed to be considered in terms of its elements, such as macro-, meso- and micro-level institutions together with the implemented measures. It is proposed to include world, international and European organizations (such as the Energy Community, World Bank, EBRD, NEFCO, etc.) into the macro-level institutions, which together with meso- and micro-level institutions implement programs and strategies to optimize the irrational use of energy resources. Meso-level institutions include state agencies, ministries, the Cabinet of Ministers, the Verkhovna Rada, the President of Ukraine, large financial institutions, and others. The micro-level institutions are presented by the village, settlement, city councils and their executive bodies; district and regional councils, which represent common interests of territorial communities of villages, settlements and cities; district councils in cities and their executive bodies.
In order to improve the forms and methods of attracting sources of investment in energy saving infrastructure, it is necessary to conduct a thorough analysis of the existing measures and programs implemented in the country today. The study of implemented projects, strategies and programs allowed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each event, as well as areas that need further elaboration.
Conclusions are drawn that the investment potential of Ukraine’s energy saving is extremely high and includes measures of various nature, namely: from targeted allocation of funds for the renewal of fixed assets of institutions to educational activities, promotion of measures for the rational use of resources. Also, since the sources of investment are quite widely diversified geographically, it can be argued that the issue of domestic energy conservation is relevant in the global and international arena.
Keywords: energy saving, investment, energy saving infrastructure, energy efficiency, Energy Community, World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
JEL Classification Q40, Q49, G24
Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 20.
METHODICAL APPROACHES FOR ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF INSURANCE COMPANIES
Authors: Abernikhina I. , Toporkova O. , Sokyrynska І. , Shylo L.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The article summarizes arguments and counterarguments within the framework of a scientific discussion concerning the methodological ensuring for assessing the financial stability of insurance companies. The main purpose of the conducted study is indexes arrangement by which it is possible to assess the financial stability of an insurance company in accordance with the criteria (factors, sources) of its ensuring. Systematization of literary sources and approaches for solving the problem in managing the financial stability of an insurance company to ensure its stable development has shown that this issue remains unresolved to the full extent and requires detailing and indexes arrangement that can be used to assess the financial stability and determine its level.
Actuality in solution of this scientific problem lies in the fact that financial stability of insurance companies is an important precondition for their survival in modern conditions, a factor of providing the insurance protection and maintaining the achieved standard of living of the population, full and timely performance of insurance obligations, effective and competitive functioning of the insurer in the future. In the article studies on the management of the financial stability of an insurance company on the basis of indexes arrangement of its assessment are performed in the following logical sequence: characteristic of the main tendencies in the development of the insurance market of Ukraine in recent years is outlined; the necessity of management of the financial stability of insurance companies is grounded in order to ensure their sustainable economic development; approaches to the definition in the essence of the financial stability of an insurance company are considered and the definition by Ukrainian researcher N. V. Tkachenko is adopted as the basis. On the basis of the analysis of recent scientific publications, theoretical and methodological developments by modern researchers, the authors of the article selected six groups of criteria for ensuring the financial stability, according to which the ratios for assessing the financial stability of insurance companies of these participants in financial markets are systematized and methodologically substantiated.
The results of the research can be useful for managers and staff of insurance organizations, government oversight of insurance activities, teachers of economic specialties.
Keywords: financial stability, insurance company, methodological approaches, assessment of financial stability.
JEL Classification C1, G22, O16
Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 5; bibl.: 20.
TTHE PROBLEMS OF THE DOMESTIC REINSURANCE DEVELOPMENT IN CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL INSTABILITY
Authors: Stashchuk O. , Borysyuk О. , Datsyuk-Tomchuk M.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Financial instability stems from the excessive volatility in the financial markets, the weakness of financial institutions and the inability of financial sector companies to fulfill their obligations, and it is no exception to insurance companies that do not have sufficient financial resources to reinsure. In modern conditions, reinsurance provides stability to the development of the insurers and is one of the most important tools that provides effective protection against various natural, man-made and other risks.
The lack of financial resources of the insurance companies objectively determines the limitations of their ability to insure large risks. Reinsurance enables the insurance companies, by attracting funds from other insurers, to ensure the honest fulfillment of their obligations to insure payment at the onset of an insured event, while maintaining the stability of their financial situation.
Admission to the insurance of expensive objects is dangerous for the individual insurer’s financial stability through the coverage of losses in the insured event. Admission to the insurance of expensive objects is dangerous for the individual insurer’s financial stability through the coverage of losses in the insured event.
The need for reinsurance is due, among other things, to regulatory requirements for capital and assets and provides tools for rapid development of the insurance portfolio.
Simultaneously reinsurance enables to protect the insurance portfolio from the influence on it of a series of large insurance risks, including catastrophic, so that the payment of insurance compensations on them does not pose a heavy burden on the one insurance company, but is carried out collectively by all participants in reinsurance. As a result, reinsurance allows you to take insurance risks that far outweigh the insurer’s own financial resources.
Thus, the reinsurance system is a guarantee of financial stability of any insurance company, providing protection of its capital, and the basis for increasing the volume and quality of insurance services.
In Article, the essence and significance of reinsurance in the conditions of globalization of the world economy were considered, as well as analysis of the main tendencies of the domestic reinsurance market development and the problems of its development in Ukraine were revealed.
Keywords: insurance, financial instability, volatility, financial market, reinsurance, commission remuneration.
JEL Classification E44, G20, G22, O16
Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 15.
EMPLOYMENT FLEXIBILITY IN UKRAINE: ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
Authors: Petrova I. , Kravchenko І. , Lisogor L. , Chuvardynskyi V.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The changes in the economic and social spheres that occur in conditions of rapid technological changes and affect the structure, form and nature of employment are studied. It is argued that increasing employment flexibility, which is in line with the idea of expanding economic freedom for employers and employees, may exacerbate the social risks associated, in particular, with a weakening of the social security of employed. The existing foreign mechanisms of risk prevention in promoting employment flexibility are analysed, and it had reflected in the flexicurity concept. It is proved that the strengthening of employment flexibility in Ukrainian practice is accompanied by three main tendencies: diversification of employment forms that are characterized by flexibility; maintaining the rigidity of labour legislation on employment and employment in the public sector; preservation of the non-sufficient and inefficient level of social protection of flexible employment. Various points of view of different scientists on employment flexibility are analysed that allowed to study the specific forms of flexible employment in the Ukrainian economy. Proposals had developed to improve the conditions for the development of flexible employment, covering organizational, economic and institutional vectors.
Keywords: employment, employment flexibility, social security, flexicurity.
JEL Classification J24, J62
Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 16.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT MECHANISM IN REGARD TO THE THEORY OF GENERATIONS
Authors: Klipkova O. , Kozmuk N. , Tsebenko O.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The materials of the article focus on offering an aggregate approach to personnel management since it is the most important factor in ensuring the success of business structures. The aim of the study is to form a structural model of personnel management based on the application of the three-dimensional approach «employee — enterprise — external conditions», the theory of generations and the vector system of aspects of ethical issues in business. The study revealed a causal relationship between the behavioral characteristics of the generation and the tools of personnel management, in terms of a particular market situation, the stage of the business cycle and the level of perception of the postulates of the enterprise corporate structure. A network model of the ratio of employee and means of production based on the implementation of foreign methods of personnel management was patterned and a vector system of aspects of ethical issues in business was suggested thus ensuring the implementation of the principles of ethical behavior and universal morality.
The method of economic experiment (to form a three-dimensional model of personnel management system), the method of scientific abstraction (to determine the main factors of model formation), and the method of dialectics (to determine the vectors of ethical problems in business), the method of comparison (to study the foreign experience in personnel management),  the method of analysis and synthesis (to form the foundations of a new paradigm of personnel management based on the theory of generations), graphic method (to create network and vector systems) and statistical method (to identify countries determined by advanced results of progressive human-oriented management techniques) were used in the article.
The outcome of the research is the creation of a structural generalized model of personnel management, which will ensure high efficiency of management methods in changing environmental conditions based on a personal approach to the employee as the representative of a certain generation. Further research will be related to the specification of each point of the three-dimensional model in a definite coordinate system, in order to use a certain theory of leadership and the principles of teamwork so to effectively manage the personnel of the enterprise.
Keywords: enterprise personnel, generation theory, personnel management tools, corporate culture.
JEL Classification M12
Formulas: 0; fig.: 4; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 22.
ECONOMIC PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL CULTURE OF FUTURE TRANSPORT PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Klymenko M. , Bazyl L. , Orlov V. , Rulievska T.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The aim of the article is to study the economic prerequisites for the development of ecological culture of future transport professionals and analyze foreign experience of ecological education of students to adapt their best practices to Ukrainian realities and productive use of achievements in training future transport professionals.
The theoretical significance of the article is to determine the economic prerequisites for the development of ecological culture of future transport professionals; to summarize the results of theoretical and comparative analysis of ecological education in foreign countries, establish opportunities to adapt best European practices in the educational context of Ukrainian realities; to determine the preconditions for the development of ecological culture of students of vocational and pre-higher professional educational institutions; to reveal the challenges facing the field of vocational education and training in foreign countries, which address the greening of education. The practical significance of the article is that based on the study of foreign experience, the authors offer recommendations for the introduction of foreign experience during the process of development of ecological culture of future transport professionals in Ukraine.
It was found that the state of ecological consciousness of society directly depends on the economic prerequisites for the development of ecological culture of future professionals in various fields of industrial production, the state’s attitude to the development of ecological culture of every citizen. The level of ecological culture of society is positioned as one of the determining factors of economic development of the state, health of the nation, unity of positions on preservation of the natural environment, prevention of its pollution by harmful wastes of production and human life.
The study proved that encological education is designed to provide future professionals with scientific knowledge about the relationship between nature and society, to help understand the multifaceted importance of nature for society in general and each person in particular, to form an understanding that nature is the basis of human existence and sugnificant part of nature, to cultivate a conscious and caring attitude to it, a sense of responsibility for the environment, to develop creative activity for the effective use, restoration and protection of the environment.
Keywords: ecological culture, economic culture, vocational education, pre-higher professional education, foreign experience, transport professionals, green economy.
JEL Classification I25, Q50
Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 13.
SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IN THE EDUCATIONAL SPACE AS A DRIVER OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SOCIETY
Authors: Sysoieva I. , Poznyakovska N. , Balaziuk O. , Miklukha O. , Akimova L. , Pohrishchuk B.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The main provisions of the conceptualization of the introduction of social innovations in education and science, which constitute the internal content and is one of the main essential forms of economic development of modern society, are substantiated.
It has been studied that the leading countries in terms of the number of the most innovative companies in the world are industrialized countries, high-income countries, as the United Kingdom (not a member of the EU since 2020), Ireland, Cyprus. However, Bulgaria, Italy, Malta, Germany, Portugal, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia and the Czech Republic remain the least educated countries in recent years.
There is a need for in-depth reforms of the education system and focusing on additional research missions. and business activities.
It has been proven that one of the most important and widespread elements of the architecture of innovation infrastructure in the world, which is a supply component, is higher education institutions (HEIs), and the largest number of leading universities is in the United States and the United States. Kingdom. The role of social initiatives in increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian higher education institutions is highlighted. budget funds in the future. The normative basis for such implementation may be the EU Public Procurement Directive.
Based on a study of foreign experience in innovation, it was found that to stimulate innovation of domestic enterprises is important to improve the legislation governing issues related to innovation; improvement of innovation structure: creation of innovation centers, consulting centers, innovation banks; development of development programs and active state support of innovatively active enterprises and financial stimulation of competitiveness of Ukrainian universities and increase of motivational incentives for teachers of educational institutions.
Keywords: social sphere, innovations, innovation project, rating of world innovations, investments, sustainable development, innovations in education.
 JEL Classification M41, H20, Н44, А1
Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 7; bibl.: 13.
The Dynamics of the Reduction of Arable Land Areas According to their Long-term Monitoring in the Tomsk Region
Authors: Zakharchenko A.V. , Pasko O.A. , Sorokin I.B.
Published: July 2021

The results of agroecological monitoring of arable and fallow lands are considered. It has been established that the content of humus and mobile phosphorus in the soils of the fallow, as well as the value of the salt pH, is lower than on arable land; mobile potassium is higher. This may be due to the migration of deposited potassium from the lower soil horizons into the humus horizon and its release from the absorbed state during the decomposition of organic matter. It was revealed that in fallow soils, the content of mobile phosphorus in the range of 150–600 mg/kg directly correlates with the value of salt pH (4–6 pH units), while this dependence is not observed on arable land.
IDENTIDADES PROFISSIONAIS EM CONSTRUÇÃO: CONJECTURAS SOBRE A ENFERMAGEM NO PÓS-PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Hagopian Ellen Maria , Melo Fábio Soares , Freitas Genival Fernandes de , Taffner Viviane Barrére Martin , Rodrigues Margarete Maria , Oliveira Marcus Vinícius De Lima
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: compreender as percepções dos profissionais de enfermagem em relação aos possíveis desfechos decorrentes da pandemia da COVID-19 para a profissão. Método: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada na História Oral, mediante entrevista e aplicação de um questionário socioeconômico/profissional, realizado na unidade de internação de uma instituição de saúde de grande porte, localizada no município de São Paulo, capital do estado de São Paulo. Resultados: foram extraídas das entrevistas duas categorias relevantes: Crença no fortalecimento da enfermagem no pós-pandemia e Descrença na melhora da imagem da enfermagem no pós-pandemia. Considerações Finais: as identidades profissionais são construídas mediante as interações sociais entre o eu (indivíduo) e o outro (grupos sociais e institucionais). Esta interação é marcada por conflitos que resultam na reconstrução desta identidade e com possíveis reflexos na prática profissional.

Descritores: História da Enfermagem. Enfermagem. Construção Social da Identidade. Identidade Própria. Crise de Identidade.
Warunki naturalne Wirginii jako jako terenu działań wojennych podczas walk o niepodległość Stanów Zjednoczonych w latach 1780–1781
Authors: Stelmasiak Katarzyna
Published: July 2021

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono środowisko naturalne Wirginii oraz wykazano, jaki miało ono wpływ na działania wojenne podczas rewolucji. Jako baza źródłowa do opisania warunków naturalnych stanu posłużyły Uwagi o państwie Wirginia autorstwa Thomasa Jeffersona. Pod względem geograficznym Wirginia jest wyjątkowo uprzywilejowaną krainą. Malowniczo położona nad Zatoką Chesapeake, ma zróżnicowany krajobraz. Wzdłuż wybrzeża ciągną się równiny, a w głębi lądu powierzchnia jest wyżynno-górska. Występują tutaj liczne rzeki, a największe z nich – James i Potomak – uchodzą głębokimi estuariami do Zatoki Chesapeake. Ze względu na ukształtowanie terenu i niewielkie zasiedlenie, wojna w Wirginii przybrała inny charakter niż w Nowej Anglii. Zwarta i zwrotna armia lorda Charlesa Cornwallisa stosowała szybkie manewry. Na czele idących do ataku Anglicy ustawiali strzelców, a artylerii przeznaczali samodzielną funkcję. Doceniono także siłę kawalerii zarówno w ataku, jak i w odwrocie. Z kolei po stronie amerykańskiej główny ciężar obrony spoczął na oddziałach milicji. Pierwsze działania wojenne podjęto w Wirginii jesienią 1780 r., ale właściwa ofensywa rozpoczęła się wiosną 1781 r. Anglicy zajęli stolicę stanu Richmond, a lord Cornwallis podjął śmiałą próbę ujęcia ówczesnego gubernatora Thomasa Jeffersona i co ważniejszych członków zgromadzenia stanowego. Szczęśliwym zbiegiem okoliczności rząd i legislatura Wirginii zostali uprzedzeni o grożącym niebezpieczeństwie, a Jefferson ratował się ucieczką ze swojej posiadłości Monticello nieopodal Charlottesville w środkowej Wirginii na 5 minut przed przybyciem Anglików. Do decydującego starcia doszło pod Yorktown. Armie francuska i amerykańska dotarły lądem i morzem do Wirginii na początku września 1781 r. i stanęły naprzeciw lorda Cronwallisa w dwukrotnie większej od niego sile. Osaczony i atakowany lord Cornwallis skapitulował 19 października. Po kapitulacji działania wojenne ustały i Anglicy uznali się za pokonanych w wojnie o niepodległość Stanów Zjednoczonych.