bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Evaluation of Genetically Unmodified Ligand-Armed Allogeneic Natural Killer Cells to Treat EGFR-Positive Glioblastoma
Authors: Courot Hortense , Rigal Emilie , Adib Nawfel , Criton Marc , Cookson Alan , Fauvel Bénédicte , Presumey Jessy
Published: February 2025

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are lethal brain tumors in which EGFR gene amplification or mutation is frequently detected and is associated with poor prognosis. The standard of care is maximal resection followed by chemotherapy and radiation. Over the last twenty years, marginal improvements in patient survival have been achieved mainly through surgical techniques and the more accurate use of radiation. In this study, umbilical cord blood-derived and expanded human allogeneic natural killer (eNK) cells were pre-complexed to an Fc-engineered anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (Pin-EGFR) to create Pin-EGFR-armed eNK cells. Pin-EGFR-armed eNK cells showed in vitro persistence of mAb anchoring. This arming process mediated specific, rapid and potent NK cell-redirected cytotoxicity against GBM cell lines and patient-derived cells in models consistent with the pathophysiological conditions of GBM. These results demonstrate the potential of Pin-EGFR-armed eNK cells to be an effective therapy against GBM cell lines in vitro. This product represents a promising strategy to directly target residual tumor tissue remaining at and beyond the resection margins immediately following GBM surgery to improve patient care.
Metabolomics Profiling Reveals Critical Roles of Indoxyl Sulfate in the Regulation of Innate Monocytes in COVID-19
Authors: He Liqing , Wang Yunke , Yuan Fang , Morrissey Samantha , Geller Anne E. , Hu Xiaoling , Xu Raobo , Ma Xipeng , Zhang Huang-ge , McLeish Kenneth , Huang Jiapeng , Zhang Xiang , Yan Jun
Published: February 2025

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is intricately related to the reprogramming of host metabolism. However, existing studies have mainly focused on peripheral blood samples and barely identified specific metabolites that are critically involved in the pathology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the current small-scale study, we performed metabolic profiling in plasma (n = 61) and paired bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples (n = 20) using parallel two-dimensional liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (2DLC-MS). In addition, we studied how an identified metabolite regulates the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. The results unveiled distinct metabolome changes between healthy donors, and moderate and severe patients in both plasma and BALF, indicating that locations and disease severity play critical roles in COVID-19 metabolic alteration. Notably, a vital metabolite, indoxyl sulfate, was found to be elevated in both the plasma and BALF of severe COVID-19 patients. Indoxyl sulfate selectively induced TNF-α production, reduced co-stimulatory signals, and enhanced apoptosis in human monocytes. Moreover, its levels negatively correlated with the strength of co-stimulatory signals and antigen presentation capability in monocytes of COVID-19 patients. Collectively, our findings suggest that the levels of indoxyl sulfate could potentially serve as a functional biomarker to monitor COVID-19 disease progression and guide more individualized treatment for COVID-19 patients.
Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder Detected by Plasma Olink Proteomics
Authors: Lv Tiying , Wang Mingbang , Kui Ling , Wu Jun , Xiao Yang
Published: February 2025

Background: Research evidence has recently shown an association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and inflammation. For example, the expression of inflammatory cytokines is abnormal in children with ASD, and maternal inflammation can lead to ASD-like behavior in offspring. These studies suggest that inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of ASD. Inflammatory cytokines may, therefore, be potential biomarkers for ASD. In the present study, we sought to systematically identify inflammatory biomarkers of children with ASD. Methods: We used Olink proteomics to comprehensively examine differentially expressed inflammation-related proteins in 60 children with ASD and 28 children with typical development (TD). We validated our findings using published data. Results: A total of 18 inflammation-related proteins were differentially expressed between the ASD and TD groups. Compared with the TD group, the expression of all differentially expressed proteins was up-regulated in the ASD group. Furthermore, eight differentially expressed proteins showed good diagnostic efficacy, as delineated by area under the curve (AUC) values of > 0.7. To our knowledge, this is the first time that up-regulated interleukin-17C (IL-17C), chemokine ligand (CCL)-19, and CCL20 have been detected in the plasma of children with ASD (with AUC of 0.839, 0.763, and 0.756, respectively). We also found that there was a negative correlation between inflammatory cytokines and SRS scores. Conclusions: Multiple inflammatory markers were increased in children with ASD. IL-17C, CCL19, and CCL20 exhibit potential as biomarker candidates for ASD. Elevated expression levels of cytokines may enhance social ability in ASD.
Family-Centered Model and mHealth Through Early Intervention in Rural Populations: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Jiménez-Arberas Estíbaliz , Casáis-Suárez Yara , Menéndez-Espina Sara , Menéndez Sergio Rodríguez , Méndez Alba Fernández , Saborit José Antonio Prieto
Published: February 2025

Background: Considering the challenges of Early Childhood Intervention (ECI), especially in rural areas with limited access to resources, it is essential to explore innovative strategies to address these barriers. Recent research highlights the use of mHealth to improve the accessibility and effectiveness of interventions. This study aims to evaluate the impact of mHealth interventions within the family-centered model on child development and familial quality of life, compared to the child-centered model. Methods: This study employs a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-test measures across two control groups (control group 1: child-centered model and control group 2: family-centered model) and one experimental group (family-centered model with mHealth). The sample consisted of 55 children (11 girls and 44 boys) aged 0 to 6 years old with neurodevelopmental disorders that resided in rural areas from June to September 2023. For the assessment of the family unit, an ad hoc sociodemographic questionnaire, the Family Quality of Life Scale, the Family Confidence Scale, and the Family Outcomes Scale were used. Children were evaluated using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and the Battelle Developmental Inventory Screening Test. Results: Results revealed significant differences between the experimental group (EG) and the control groups. The EG, which received mHealth-based interventions within the family-centered model, demonstrated the greatest improvements in variables related to family quality of life and the child’s social functioning. Conclusions: mHealth appears to be a promising solution for improving access to early childhood intervention in rural areas, enhancing childhood development and a family’s quality of life. Strong therapeutic relationships, supported by interdisciplinary and individualized approaches, are key to maximizing its impact.
Enhance College AI Course Learning Experience with Constructivism-Based Blog Assignments
Authors: Wang Di , Dong Xingbo , Zhong Jingxun
Published: February 2025

This study, grounded in constructivist theory, presents an innovative artificial intelligence (AI) course framework for undergraduate students from the School of Artificial Intelligence at Anhui University. This research focuses on students’ perceptions and explores the impact of blogs as a platform for assignment submission in an AI course. Data are collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed quantitatively using a partial least squares structural equation model. Additionally, interviews are conducted to provide nuanced insights and contextual explanations, thus supplementing the quantitative findings. This study explores the specific impacts of blogs on students’ learning abilities, learning experiences, academic outcomes, and overall satisfaction within the AI course. By leveraging blogs as pedagogical tools, this study highlights their potential to transform traditional teaching methods and promote active learning and knowledge sharing in higher education. The proposed course framework also offers a scalable model that can be adapted for other science and engineering disciplines in colleges and universities.
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Forest Carbon Storage Based on BIOME-BGC Model and Geographical Detector in Eight Basins of Zhejiang Province in China
Authors: Ni Chi , Mao Fangjie , Du Huaqiang , Li Xuejian , Xu Yanxin , Huang Zihao
Published: February 2025

As the basic unit of nature, basins concentrate most of the vegetation cover of terrestrial ecosystems and play an important role in forest carbon fixation and regulation of local climates. However, there are obvious differences between different basins in terms of topography, climate, population, economy, and other factors, so it is important to conduct a comparative study on the spatiotemporal patterns of factors affecting forest carbon storage in different basins. The province of Zhejiang is rich in vegetation resources, and there are obvious differences in the natural and economic factors within the province; GDP is higher in the eastern and northern regions, and natural resources are more abundant in the western and southern regions. Therefore, we used the BIOME-BGC model and the Optimal Parameters-based Geographical Detector (OPGD) model to simulate and analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanism of forest aboveground carbon (AGC) storage in eight basins of Zhejiang Province over the past 30 years (1984–2014). The results showed that (1) the overall simulation accuracy of AGC in different basins based on the BIOME-BGC model is high, with the overall simulation accuracy ranging from 0.67 to 0.77. (2) The forest AGC of the eight basins showed an increasing trend over the past 30 years, with a growth rate ranging from 0.07 Tg C/10 yr to 3.45 Tg C/10 yr. (3) Climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation) play a dominant role in the variation in AGC, with an explanatory power above 16% in the southern and northern basins, and the explanatory power of human activities on the AGC is secondary, with more than 9% in the central basins. (4) The interaction between natural factors and socio-economic factors (especially the population density factor) has a more obvious effect on the changes in AGC in each basin, and the explanatory power of the interaction is much larger than that of the single factor. (5) The results of the risk detection showed that human activities were negatively correlated with AGC in all basins.
What Factors Influence Obesity in Spain? A Multivariate Analysis of Sociodemographic, Nutritional, and Lifestyle Factors Affecting Body Mass Index in the Spanish Population
Authors: Sandri Elena , Piredda Michela , Sguanci Marco , Mancin Stefano
Published: February 2025

Aim: This cross-sectional study examines sociodemographic, nutritional, and lifestyle factors affecting Body Mass Index (BMI) in the Spanish population, with a particular emphasis on obesity. Methods: A sample of 22,181 Spanish residents aged 18 years and older was recruited through digital and physical channels from August 2020 to November 2021. Data were collected using the validated NutSo-HH questionnaire, which includes sections on sociodemographic information, health perceptions, eating habits, and lifestyle factors. Results: Among respondents, 661 (3%) were underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), 14,562 (65.7%) were normal weight (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2), 4825 respondents (21.8%) were overweight (25 kg/m2 < BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2), and 2133 (9.6%) were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2), with significant differences across these groups in relation to diet and lifestyle behaviors. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to identify the primary variables influencing obesity, revealing that poor dietary habits (frequent consumption of fast food, fried foods, and ultra-processed items) were negatively correlated with healthy behaviors such as regular fish consumption and physical activity. The PCA plot indicated notable distinctions based on educational attainment and age, with individuals with lower educational levels displaying poorer nutritional patterns and younger participants exhibiting higher fast food consumption and poorer sleep quality. Statistical analyses confirmed that sociodemographic factors, including age, education, and income level, significantly influenced BMI. Some differences were also found according to the place of residence. Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that address both sociodemographic and lifestyle factors to mitigate obesity risk in Spain.
Epigenetics-Based Age Acceleration Associated with 2,3,7,8 TCDD Exposure in Older Americans
Authors: Choi Baek-Yong , Ryoo Seung-Woo , Son Seok-Yoon , Lee Ji-Hyeon , Min Kyoung-Bok , Min Jin-Young
Published: February 2025

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is highly toxic with potential impacts on aging. While previous studies have linked TCDD exposure to reduced telomere length and altered sperm DNA methylation (DNAm) age, its relationship with epigenetic aging remains unclear. This study investigated the association between serum TCDD levels and epigenetic clocks derived from DNAm in whole blood in older adults. Using data from the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we analyzed 589 participants aged 50 to 79 years with available blood TCDD and DNA methylation measures. Blood TCDD levels were measured by high-resolution gas chromatography/isotope-dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry. The six DNAm-based epigenetic clocks included Horvath Age, Hannum Age, SkinBlood Age, Pheno Age, Grim Age, and Grim Age2. Multivariable regression analysis showed significant associations between TCDD levels and Horvath Age, Hannum Age, Pheno Age, Grim Age, and Grim Age2. However, when using lipid-adjusted TCDD levels, significant associations remained only for PhenoAge (β = 0.73; SE, 0.31; p = 0.0258) and Grim Age2 (β = 0.44; SE, 0.21; p = 0.0472). The strongest non-linear trends were observed for PhenoAge, Grim Age, and Grim Age2, suggesting a threshold-dependent impact of TCDD on DNAm aging processes. Our findings suggest that TCDD exposure is associated with accelerated epigenetic aging, particularly in mortality-related clocks, with a dose-dependent and non-linear pattern.
Cyclic AMP Rescue of Motility in Sperm Devoid of Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase
Authors: Ayoub Sylvia , Rivera Sanchez Natalia del R. , Fischoeder Justine , Balbach Melanie , Levin Lonny R. , Buck Jochen , Ritagliati Carla
Published: February 2025

The second messenger cAMP plays multiple critical roles in the control of sperm functions essential for male fertility, including motility. The enzyme soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC; ADCY10) was shown genetically and pharmacologically to be the essential source of cAMP mediating many of these functions. Male mice and men with genetic deletions of sAC are infertile, and their sperm are progressively immotile. Pharmacologically, delivery of potent and specific sAC inhibitors to male mice renders them temporarily infertile, and their sperm are similarly immotile. Here, we show that males from a second, independently derived mouse sAC knockout line are also infertile with progressively immotile sperm. We use these mouse models to determine optimal conditions for pharmacologically elevating intracellular cAMP to rescue the sAC null motility defect. We show that cell-permeable cAMP analogs, but not forskolin, rescue the motility defects of sAC deficient sperm, and we demonstrate that 8Br-cAMP is an efficient cAMP analog to rescue motility.
The Role of Endogenous Specialized Proresolving Mediators in Mast Cells and Their Involvement in Inflammation and Resolution
Authors: Fukuishi Nobuyuki , Takahama Kentaro , Kurosaki Hiromasa , Ono Sayaka , Asai Haruka
Published: February 2025

Many polyunsaturated fatty acids within cells exhibit diverse physiological functions. Particularly, arachidonic acid is the precursor of highly bioactive prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are pro-inflammatory mediators. However, polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic, docosahexaenoic, and eicosapentaenoic acids, can be metabolized into specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), which have anti-inflammatory properties. Given that pro-inflammatory mediators and SPMs are produced via similar enzymatic pathways, SPMs can play a crucial role in mitigating excessive tissue damage induced by inflammation. Mast cells are immune cells that are widely distributed and strategically positioned at interfaces with the external environment, such as the skin and mucosa. As immune system sentinels, they respond to harmful pathogens and foreign substances. Upon activation, mast cells release various pro-inflammatory mediators, initiating an inflammatory response. Furthermore, these cells secrete factors that promote tissue repair and inhibit inflammation. This dual function positions mast cells as central regulators, balancing between the body’s defense mechanisms and the need to minimize tissue injury. This review investigates the production of SPMs by mast cells and their subsequent effects on these cells. By elucidating the intricate relationship between mast cells and SPMs, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism by which these cells regulate the delicate balance between tissue damage and repair at inflammatory sites, ultimately contributing to the resolution of inflammatory responses.
Paeoniflorin Attenuates APAP-Induced Liver Injury via Intervening the Crosstalk Between Hepatocyte Pyroptosis and NETs
Authors: Zhu Yu-Ru , Yang Ya-Qin , Ruan Dan-Dan , Que Yue-Mei , Gao Hang , Yang Yan-Zi , Zhao Hua-Jun
Published: February 2025

(1) Liver injury caused by an overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) represents a major public health concern. Paeoniflorin (PF) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and liver-protective effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PF on the crosstalk between pyroptosis and NETs in AILI. (2) APAP-treated C57BL/6J mice were used to demonstrate the protective effect of PF on liver injury. HepG2 and dHL-60 cells were cultured to study the effects of PF on hepatocyte pyroptosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in vitro. Moreover, cell co-culture experiments were performed, and mice were treated with a NETs-depleting agent and hepatocyte pyroptosis inhibitor to investigate the improvement of AILI induced by PF through regulating the crosstalk between hepatocyte pyroptosis and NETs. (3) PF significantly alleviated AILI. Additionally, PF inhibited the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and NETs-associated proteins in vitro and in vivo. The co-culture experiments demonstrated that PF not only inhibited the NETs triggered by hepatocyte pyroptosis, but also suppressed the hepatocyte pyroptosis induced by NETs. In mice with depleted neutrophils, the level of hepatocyte pyroptosis notably decreased, indicating a diminished impact of PF. Similarly, NETs formation was reduced in mice receiving a pyroptosis inhibitor compared to the APAP group. Compared with DNase I alone, the reduction effect of PF combined with DNase I on serum ALT and AST levels decreased from 46.857% and 39.927% to 44.347% and 33.419%, respectively. Compared with DSF alone, PF combined with DSF reduced the ALT and AST levels from 46.857% and 39.927% to 45.347% and 36.419%, respectively. (4) PF demonstrated therapeutic effects on AILI. Its mechanism involves the regulation of the crosstalk between hepatocyte pyroptosis and NETs. This research substantiates the pharmacological promise of PF as a therapeutic intervention for acute AILI.
Transcriptomic Analysis Divulges Differential Expressions of Microglial Genes After Microglial Repopulation in Mice
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad Tariq , Gao Hao , Ju Furong , Qi Fujian , Li Ting , Zhang Shengxiang
Published: February 2025

Microglia are key immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and maintain hemostasis in physiological conditions. Microglial depletion leads to rapid repopulation, but the gene expression and signaling pathways related to repopulation remain unclear. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis to profile the transcriptome of microglia-depleted tissue by taking advantage of a conditional genetic microglial depletion model (CX3CR1CreER/+ system). Differential gene expression (DGE) sequencing analysis showed that 1226 genes were differentially up- and downregulated in both groups compared to control. Our data demonstrated that many microglial genes were highly regulated on day 3 after depletion but the numbers of differentially expressed genes were reduced by day 7. Gene ontology (GO) analysis categorized these differentially expressed genes on day 3 and day 7 to the specific biological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell activation, and cytokine and chemokine production. DGE analysis indicated that specific genes related to proliferation were regulated after depletion. Consistent with the changes in transcriptome, the histological analysis of transgenic mice revealed that the microglia after depletion undergo proliferation and activation from day 3 to day 7. Collectively, these results suggest that transcriptomic changes in microglial genes during depletion have a profound implication for the renewal and activation of microglia and may help to understand the regulatory mechanism of microglial activation in disease conditions.
Methionine Modulates the Growth and Development of Heat-Stressed Dermal Papilla Cells via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Shu , Wang Xiaosong , Liu Gongyan , Li Fuchang
Published: February 2025

This study furnishes insights into how methionine mitigates heat-stress-induced impairments in hair follicle development in Rex rabbits at the cellular level. Dermal papilla cells from the dorsal skin of Rex rabbits were isolated, cultured in vitro, and divided into six groups, i.e., control (37 °C; 0 mM methionine), heat stress (45 °C; 0 mM methionine), and heat stress + methionine (45 °C; 15 mM, 30 mM, 45 mM, and 60 mM methionine), with six replicates per group. The heat stress groups were exposed to 45 °C, 5% CO2, and 95% humidity for 30 min, followed by recovery at 37 °C, repeated three times over three days. On the third day, samples were collected post-heat stress. The results show that methionine markedly fortified HSP70, MSRA, and SOD expression (p < 0.01); augmented proliferation (p < 0.01); ameliorated cell cycle progression; and lessened apoptosis (p < 0.05). Adding Wnt signaling pathway activators and inhibitors manifested that these effects were associated with diminished β-catenin phosphorylation and aggrandized expression of the Wnt10b, β-catenin (p < 0.001), and LEF/TCF nuclear transcription factors (p < 0.01). Thus, this study demonstrates that methionine regulates the growth and development of heat-stressed hair papilla cells via the Wnt signaling pathway, remitting heat-stress trauma.
Senile Osteoarthritis Regulated by the Gut Microbiota: From Mechanisms to Treatments
Authors: Yu Fan , Zhu Chenyu , Wu Wei
Published: February 2025

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive degenerative joint disease that affects the entire synovial joint, leading to the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. It seriously affects the quality of life and global disability of patients. OA is affected by a variety of factors; the most significant risk factor for OA is age. As individuals age, the risk and severity of OA increase due to the exacerbation of cartilage degeneration and wear and tear. In recent years, research has indicated that the gut microbiota may play a significant role in the aging and OA processes. It is anticipated that regulating the gut microbiota may offer novel approaches to the treatment of OA. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between the gut microbiota and senile OA, to investigate the potential mechanisms involved. This review also summarizes the therapeutic strategies related to gut flora in OA management, such as prebiotics and probiotics, diet, exercise, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) modification, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), highlighting the potential clinical value of gut flora and elucidating the current challenges. The foundation for future research directions is established through the summarization of current research progress.
Mutational Scanning and Binding Free Energy Computations of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Complexes with Distinct Groups of Neutralizing Antibodies: Energetic Drivers of Convergent Evolution of Binding Affinity and Immune Escape Hotspots
Authors: Alshahrani Mohammed , Parikh Vedant , Foley Brandon , Raisinghani Nishank , Verkhivker Gennady
Published: February 2025

The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence of variants with increased immune evasion capabilities, posing significant challenges to antibody-based therapeutics and vaccines. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive structural and energetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) complexes with neutralizing antibodies from four distinct groups (A–D), including group A LY-CoV016, group B AZD8895 and REGN10933, group C LY-CoV555, and group D antibodies AZD1061, REGN10987, and LY-CoV1404. Using coarse-grained simplified simulation models, rapid energy-based mutational scanning, and rigorous MM-GBSA binding free energy calculations, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms of antibody binding and escape mechanisms, identified key binding hotspots, and explored the evolutionary strategies employed by the virus to evade neutralization. The residue-based decomposition analysis revealed energetic mechanisms and thermodynamic factors underlying the effect of mutations on antibody binding. The results demonstrate excellent qualitative agreement between the predicted binding hotspots and the latest experiments on antibody escape. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular determinants of antibody binding and viral escape, highlighting the importance of targeting conserved epitopes and leveraging combination therapies to mitigate the risk of immune evasion.
Increased Photosynthetic Capacity and Energy Status Contribute to Higher Grain Yield in Early Rice
Authors: Su Haoran , Wang Wenting , Lu Tingting , Hu Wenfei , Lin Junjiang , Fu Weimeng , Liang Yan , Zeng Yvxiang , Fu Guanfu , Xiong Jie , Chen Tingting
Published: February 2025

As the economy develops and urbanization progresses, the amount of arable land continues to decline. In this context, the cultivation of double-season rice is particularly important for enhancing yield per unit area. However, research on the physiological mechanisms that contribute to high yields in double-season early rice varieties with short growing seasons is still limited. To address this gap, we conducted a field study using two early rice varieties, Zhongzu18 and Yongxian15, to examine their production characteristics, photosynthesis, fluorescence, and energy metabolism. The results indicate that Zhongzu18 has a significantly higher seed-setting rate, grain weight, and total grain yield compared to Yongxian15. Additionally, Zhongzu18 exhibits a higher head rice rate and a lower degree of chalkiness, along with a reduced chalky grain rate. Furthermore, the total dry matter weight and the ratio of panicle weight to total weight for Zhongzu18 were significantly greater than those for Yongxian15. After anthesis, Zhongzu18 also demonstrated a higher leaf net photosynthetic rate and actual fluorescence quantum efficiency compared to Yongxian15. Moreover, the levels of ATP and ATPase, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of sucrose transport-related genes, were significantly increased in Zhongzu18 plants relative to Yongxian15. We conclude that the enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and energy production in Zhongzu18 lead to more effective assimilation and carbohydrate transport to the grains, resulting in higher grain yields and improved rice quality.
Reticulitermes flavipes (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) Response to Wood Mulch and Workers Mediated by Attraction to Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Lee Tae Young Henry , Phelan P. Larry
Published: February 2025

The eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, is challenged by the significant energy expenditures of tunnel construction for resource discovery. Subterranean termites use idiothetic mechanisms to explore large spaces, while the use of resource-specific cues for localized search is disputed. Here, termite response to wood mulch, termite workers, extracts of wood mulch, and CO2 alone were tested using a bioassay design that distinguished between attraction and arrestment. Termites showed significant attraction to wood mulch with workers or to wood mulch alone. They did not respond to workers alone at the initial dose tested, but were attracted to workers at higher densities. Termites did not respond to water or the acetone extracts of wood mulch, but did show a partial response to hexane extract compared to intact wood mulch. More significantly, when CO2 was removed from the emissions of wood mulch and workers using soda lime, attraction was eliminated. Furthermore, termites showed a quadratic response to CO2 concentration that peaked at ca. 14,000 ppm. The response to CO2 alone predicted by the model matched termite response to mulch + workers when compared at the level of CO2 they emitted. The results suggest that CO2 is both necessary and sufficient to explain the attraction response of R. flavipes to mulch and workers we observed. It is argued that orientation to food cues complements the previously demonstrated idiothetic program to maximize the efficiency of resource location.
Study of Bacterial Communities in Water and Different Developmental Stages of Aedes aegypti from Aquatic Breeding Sites in Leticia City, Colombian Amazon Biome
Authors: Castañeda-Espinosa Alejandro , Duque-Granda Daniela , Cadavid-Restrepo Gloria , Murcia Luz Mila , Junca Howard , Moreno-Herrera Claudia X. , Vivero-Gómez Rafael J.
Published: February 2025

Aedes aegypti is a key vector in the transmission of arboviral diseases in the Colombian Amazon. This study aimed to characterize microbiota composition using DNA extracted from water in artificial breeding sites, immature stages, and adults of Ae. aegypti in Leticia, Amazonas. Additionally, the physicochemical water variables were correlated with the bacterial communities present. Eight artificial breeding sites were identified, with bucket, plant pot, and tire being the most frequent. The breeding sites exhibited similar physicochemical profiles, with significant temperature and salinity differences (p-value < 0.03). The most representative bacterial genera included Ottowia (82%), Xanthobacter (70.59%), and Rhodocyclaceae (92.78%) in breeding site water; Aquabacterium (61.07%), Dechloromonas (82.85%), and Flectobacillus (58.94%) in immature stages; and Elizabethkingia (70.89%) and Cedecea (39.19%) in males and females of Ae. aegypti. Beta diversity analysis revealed distinct clustering between adults and the water and immature communities (p-value < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed strong correlations among bacterial communities, breeding sites, and physicochemical variables such as tire and drum cover which exhibited high levels of total dissolved solids, conductivity, and salinity associated with Flectobacillus, Leifsonia, Novosphingobium, Ottowia, and Rhodobacter. Bacterial genera such as Mycobacterium, Escherichia, Salmonella, and Clostridium, present in artificial breeding sites, are associated with public health relevance. This study provides insights into bacterial community dynamics across Ae. aegypti’s life cycle and underscores the importance of water physicochemical and biological characteristics for developing new vector control strategies.
ALTURA™ Stent Graft Shortening and Its Implications After EVAR
Authors: Knapsis Artis , Seker Melik-Murathan , Wagenhäuser Markus Udo , Rembe Julian-Dario , Savlovskis Janis , Schelzig Hubert , Krievins Dainis , Oberhuber Alexander
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The ALTURA™ stent graft system is designed for the treatment of abdominal aortic and/or aorto-iliac aneurysms. This study evaluates the performance of the ALTURA™ stent graft, focusing on AAA diameter, landing zones, stent graft length, and migration following endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of computed tomography (CT) images focuses on patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) treated with the ALTURA™ stent graft system (Lombard, Ltd., Didcot, UK) at Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital in Riga, Latvia, and University Hospital Düsseldorf in Düsseldorf, Germany. The study population consisted of patients with asymptomatic AAAs who underwent elective treatment between January 2014 and June 2017. Follow-up CT scans were performed at one month, six months, one, two, and three years after implantation. Changes in stent graft length, aneurysm sac diameter, and the proximal and distal sealing zones were evaluated. Results: A retrospective analysis was conducted on computed tomography (CT) images from 40 patients (mean age 70.4 ± 8.5 years, 34 males, 6 females) who were treated with the ALTURA™ stent graft system for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (mean aneurysm diameter 5.6 ± 1.0 cm). The mean follow-up duration was 24.2 ± 10.6 months, with CT scans completed for all patients at one month and for 80% at one year. The mean total shortening of the stent graft one year after EVAR was 4 ± 3 mm (p < 0.001), 7 ± 5 mm after two years (p < 0.001), and 9 ± 6 mm after three years (p < 0.001). The iliac extensions shortened by 4 ± 3 mm after one year (p < 0.001), 6 ± 4 mm after two years (p < 0.001), and 8 ± 4 mm after three years (p < 0.001). Significant shortening was observed in the iliac extension, while changes in the aortic stent graft were not statistically significant. The reduction in the distal sealing zone and upward migration of the stent graft were 3 ± 3 mm after one year (p < 0.001), 5 ± 5 mm after two years (p < 0.001), and 7 ± 7 mm after three years (p < 0.001). Over the follow-up period, significant stent graft shortening and loss of the distal sealing zone were observed. However, these changes remained within a clinically acceptable range and did not lead to type I endoleak. Aneurysm sac shrinkage greater than 10 mm one year after treatment was observed in 25% of patients (p < 0.001). No aneurysm ruptures or AAA-related deaths were reported. Conclusions: Significant shortening of ALTURA™ stent graft, migration, and sealing zone reduction were observed without clinical impact after three years. However, in patients with short distal sealing zones, these changes could increase the risk of type Ib endoleak. Longer follow-up is needed to assess long-term durability.
Severe Respiratory Infections in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: An Observational Study of 528 Patients from a Single University Hospital
Authors: Domínguez-Casas Lucía C. , Ferraz-Amaro Iván , Castañeda Santos , Blanco Ricardo
Published: February 2025

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of infections. This may be linked to disease-related factors, immunosuppressive therapy and the presence of comorbidities. Background/Objectives: In an unselected group of RA patients, our aims were to assess the following: (a) the incidence and (b) features of diseases and (c) the predictive factors of severe respiratory infection (SRI). Methods: An observational and retrospective study of all patients with RA included in the vaccination program of our hospital between October 2011 and October 2018 was conducted. The follow-up continued until December 2020. Patients with SRI, defined as those that required hospitalization or at least one dose of intravenous antibiotic treatment in the emergency room, were (a) compared with those not requiring hospital admission and (b) studied for predictive factors of SRI (multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex). The vaccination program in our hospital includes vaccination against influenza, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Information on the patients, infections and hospitalizations was retrospectively retrieved from the hospital and general physician records. Results: We studied 528 RA patients (409 women/119 men) with a mean age of 58.9 ± 13.2 years. A total of 55 patients (10.4%) suffered 89 SRIs. The median [IQR] number of hospitalizations per patient was 1.5 [1–2]. Patients with an SRI were older, had had RA for longer and had more comorbidities (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and interstitial lung disease). These patients had more ACPA positivity, more extra-articular manifestations and high disease activity at the time of their vaccination. Treatment with glucocorticoids, methotrexate and leflunomide was seen in a higher number of patients. Predictive factors for SRI were age; time of evolution of RA; associated comorbidities, especially hypertension and diabetes; extra-articular manifestations, especially interstitial lung disease; and treatment with glucocorticoids, methotrexate and leflunomide. Conclusions: Despite being included in a vaccination program, about 10% of our patients required hospitalization due to an SRI. The main predictive factors were certain comorbidities, interstitial lung disease and treatment with glucocorticoids. Predicting SRI in RA patients remains an unmet need.
Clinical Outcomes for Nasopharyngeal Cancer in Non-Asian Patients: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Zahu Renata , Urian Daniela , Manolescu Vlad , Ungureanu Andrei , Bodale Carmen , Iacob Alexandru , Vesa Stefan Cristian , Tiple Cristina , Kacso Gabriel
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: According to Globocan, Romania has the highest incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) in Europe. Our objective was to evaluate the survival data for a cohort of non-Asian patient population treated with curative intent at a tertiary cancer center in Romania. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 161 patients with histologically proven, non-metastatic NPC treated at our institution between October 2014 and December 2021 with intensity modulated arc radiotherapy (IMRT) with or without neoadjuvant or concomitant chemotherapy according to the stage of the disease. Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall, disease-free, locoregional relapse free and distant metastasis free survival were calculated. The log-rank test was used to determine significant prognostic determinants of overall and disease-free survival. Results: The median age was 50 years (range 19–80), 88% had nonkeratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma. Epstein Barr virus status was not evaluated routinely. 42.2% of patients were stage III and 46% stage IVA disease. Induction chemotherapy was prescribed for 72.7% of patients and 89.4% received concurrent chemotherapy. After a median follow up of 44 months (range: 3.6, 104.7 months), the estimated 3 years overall, disease free, locoregional relapse free and distant metastasis free survival of the entire cohort were 82.6%, 73.3%, 83.2% and 86.3% respectively. On testing interactions, concomitant chemotherapy offered significant survival benefit (HR—0.287; 95% CI 0.137–0.603; p = 0.001) and cumulative Cisplatin dose of more than 100 mg/mp was statistically significant for survival (HR—0.350;95% CI 0.157–0.779; p = 0.01) Conclusions: This is the largest retrospective series of nasopharyngeal cancer from Romania reporting survival data. Despite the high percentage of advanced stage disease our data shows very good disease control. Compliance to optimal concomitant chemotherapy should represent a priority in clinical practice in a non-Asian patient population.
Bayesian Modeling of the Impact of HBOT on the Reduction in Cytokine Storms
Authors: Jermakow Natalia , Brodaczewska Klaudia , Kot Jacek , Lubas Arkadiusz , Kłos Krzysztof , Siewiera Jacek
Published: February 2025

Since the initial identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections, numerous clinical challenges have arisen, revealing both acute and long-term effects associated with COVID-19. These effects impact various systems within the body, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems. Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the immunological and inflammatory parameters in patients with severe COVID-19 and evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on these parameters. Methods: This study enrolled thirty patients from the Military Medical Institute—National Research Institute in Warsaw, who were hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients were screened for eligibility based on pre-defined inclusion criteria. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) or a control group. Immune profiling was performed, measuring cytokine concentrations and leukocyte subpopulations in serum samples. Outcomes were assessed using Bayesian modeling. Results: Bayesian regression analysis confirmed previous findings, indicating that HBOT may reduce inflammatory cytokine levels while improving oxygen saturation (SpO2) in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. Moreover, the analysis suggested a higher probability of HBOT success in modulating the immune response and reducing inflammatory parameters, particularly in T lymphocyte subpopulations. Conclusions: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) may serve as an effective adjunctive treatment for patients with COVID-19 by enhancing oxygen saturation and modulating the immune response. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of HBOT on inflammatory and immunological parameters in COVID-19 patients.
Genetically Improved Yeast Strains with Lower Ethanol Yield for the Wine Industry Generated Through a Two-Round Breeding Program
Authors: Kessi-Pérez Eduardo I. , Gómez Melissa , Farías William , García Verónica , Ganga María Angélica , Querol Amparo , Martínez Claudio
Published: February 2025

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of industrial significance in the production of alcoholic beverages; it is the main species responsible for the fermentation of grape must. One of the main current problems in the wine industry is high alcohol levels caused by climate change. Pre- and post-fermentation strategies are used to reduce the alcohol content in wines; however, they are inefficient, affect organoleptic properties, face legal restrictions, and/or increase production costs, which has motivated efforts to obtain microbiological solutions. In the present work, we carried out a two-round breeding program to obtain improved yeast strains with lower ethanol yield. The trait under study showed high heritability (0.619), and we were able to lower the ethanol yield by 10.7% in just one generation. We finally obtained a population composed of 132 strains, of which 6 were used to produce wine from natural grape musts on a pilot scale, highlighting improved strains “C2-1B4” and “C7-1B7” as those that showed the best results (alcohol levels between 0.3 and 1.5% ABV less than expected). Further studies are required to understand the connection between initial sugar concentration and ethanol yield, as well as the genetic variants underlying this phenotype.
Utopia and Apocalypse: 7 Theses on the Aesthetics of Sustainability
Authors: Gleiter Jörg H.
Published: February 2025

It is a common misconception that sustainability is a brand-new topic. Since the beginning, since the construction of the first house, sustainability has been a central component of the architectural concept. With industrial production and mass production, however, modernity has excluded the concept of sustainability from the consciousness of architecture. In the context of post-industrial society, the climate, resource, and migration issues, sustainability is now returning at a new conceptual level. In practice, however, materialistic, technical, and instrumental reasons prevail. What is missing, however, is a critical theory of sustainability that conceives of sustainability organically, from within architecture. The essay sketches out the foundations for such a critical theory of architecture, which focuses on the unity of human and non-human authors or, in other words, of humans, materials, and the system of earth.
Securing Land Tenure Through Participatory Upgrading Processes: Women’s Experiences in Freedom Square, Gobabis, Namibia
Authors: Ahmed Tanzila , Ley Astrid , Salheen Mohamed , Kohima Jennilee
Published: February 2025

In Namibia, informal settlements are usually upgraded by a participatory process aimed at providing inhabitants with land tenure security through the Flexible Land Tenure Act (FLTA), followed by the provision of basic services. The pilot FLTA implementation case is the upgrading of the Freedom Square settlement in Gobabis, which was a woman-led process. This research analyzes both the experiences of the women participating during the process as well as the immediate and long-term perceived impacts on their social and economic conditions. The empirical data were collected through interviews and a focus group discussion with experts and key participants in the development process. The findings highlight socio–economic challenges faced by the participating women, including insufficient support from family and limited economic opportunities. Throughout the process, stakeholders shifted their aims. This shift influenced the involvement of women, changing their roles from active participants to service recipients. While the main goals of receiving land tenure and service provision were partially fulfilled, the long-term impact of the process on women is varied from how it was initially envisioned. This was largely due to the absence of a comprehensive plan to improve their livelihoods. The results show that for participatory land tenure processes to become inclusive, a stronger gender-mainstreaming agenda becomes necessary. It also emphasizes holistic development planning as a key factor for long-term success.
Optimizing Tillage and Straw Management for Improved Soil Physical Properties and Yield
Authors: Brezinscak Luka , Bogunovic Igor
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the impact of conventional ploughing (CT), minimum multitiller tillage (MT), and reduced loosening tillage (RT), with and without straw mulch on Fluvisol properties and crop yields in Croatia over three years (2019–2021). While conservation tillage practices are well studied in arid regions, our study addresses the unique challenges and benefits of these practices in humid conditions. Plots treated with straw mulch (2.75 t/ha) showed significant improvements in soil physical properties compared to bare plots. Penetration resistance (PR) decreased under 3-year mulch application in all tillage systems, with a reduction of up to 28% compared to bare plots. Water-holding capacity (WHC) was significantly higher in mulched MT (52.4%) than in bare CT (41.6%). Aggregate stability increased by 15–20% under mulch, with the highest stability in MT plots. Soil organic matter (SOM) peaked in mulched MT in 2021, reaching 4.5%, compared to 3.6% in bare CT. Yield results varied by crop: soybean yield was unaffected by tillage treatment but increased by 21% under mulch in MT; maize yield was highest in RT without mulch (13.95 t/ha); and spring wheat yield significantly improved in mulched MT (3.83 t/ha), compared to bare plots (1.75 t/ha). These findings highlight the synergistic benefits of non-inversion tillage and straw mulch in enhancing soil quality and crop yields, offering a sustainable management strategy for Central European agroecosystems.