bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manifestación de la violencia en la literatura francesa
Authors: Romero Trejo Azalea
Published: July 2024

El tema de la representación de la violencia en la literatura francesa es complejo, variado y recurrente a lo largo de los siglos, de tal manera que abarca una amplia gama de géneros, estilos y épocas. Sin duda se representa de diferentes formas, desde descripciones gráficas de actos violentos hasta narraciones simbólicas que exploran las tensiones y conflictos humanos. Desde los clásicos hasta la literatura contemporánea, los autores franceses han utilizado la violencia como una herramienta para explorar la complejidad de la experiencia humana y reflexionar sobre las realidades sociales y políticas en cada época. El objetivo del presente documento es hacer un breve recorrido y análisis de los hallazgos encontrados en diferentes obras literarias de origen francés, dar cuenta de cómo la violencia en sus diferentes formas ha estado presente en todos los ámbitos de nuestra sociedad.
Feature Selection and Performance Evaluation of Buzzer Classification Model
Authors: Afra Dian Isnaeni Nurul , Fajri Radhiyatul , Prafitia Harnum Annisa , Arief Ikhwan , Mantau Aprinaldi Jasa
Published: July 2024

In the rapidly evolving digital age, social media platforms have transformed into battleground for shaping public opinion. Among these platforms, X has been particularly susceptible to the phenomenon of 'buzzers', paid or coordinated actors who manipulate online discussions and influence public sentiment. This manipulation poses significant challenges for users, researchers, and policymakers alike, necessitating robust detection measures and strategic feature selection for accurate classification models. This research explores the utilization of various feature selection techniques to identify the most influential features among the 24 features employed in the classification modeling using Support Vector Machine. This study found that selecting 11 key features yields a remarkably effective classification model, achieving an impressive F1-score of 87.54 in distinguishing between buzzer and non-buzzer accounts. These results suggest that focusing on the relevant features can improve the accuracy and efficiency of buzzer detection models. By providing a more robust and adaptable solution to buzzer detection, our research has the potential to advance social media research and policy. This enabling researchers and policymakers to devise strategies aimed at mitigating misinformation dissemination and cultivating an environment of trust and integrity within social media platforms, thus fostering healthier online interactions and discourse.
Enhancing Operations for Sustainability in Indonesian SMEs through Climate Change Awareness and Business Orientation
Authors: Rahman Hafiz , Oktavia Sri , Shetye Niyanta , Azonhoumon Winny Leocade Sedjiro
Published: July 2024

This study aims to identify the level of climate change awareness among small-medium scale entrepreneurs (SMEs) and to investigate its impact on future business orientation, with individual self-perception acting as a mediating variable. Addressing a significant gap in the literature, this research explores the reciprocal influence between SMEs and climate change—an area previously underexplored. Conducted in West Sumatra, Indonesia, this study employs a quantitative causal analysis approach using Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) for robust analysis. The findings indicate that while awareness and self-perception of climate change among SMEs are low, they significantly influence potential changes in business orientation. The study reveals that although many SMEs possess a high level of educational attainment, this does not necessarily translate into heightened awareness or self-perception regarding climate change. This disconnect underscores the critical role of tailored educational initiatives and support systems to bridge the gap between knowledge and action. Additionally, the study finds that SMEs often prioritize immediate financial stability over long-term environmental sustainability, driven by the necessity to meet daily operational demands. These results underscore the urgent need for pre-emptive government policies to guide SMEs toward sustainable practices. Effective interventions should include financial incentives, technical assistance, and educational programs designed to enhance climate change awareness and capabilities among SMEs. Furthermore, this study contributes to the field of industrial engineering by identifying opportunities to optimize SME operations. By integrating environmental sustainability into business strategies, SMEs can enhance their resilience and competitiveness while contributing to broader environmental goals. This research advances the understanding of the dynamic interplay between SMEs and climate change, providing a foundation for future studies aimed at promoting sustainable industrial practices.
Relationship between Organizational Learning and Supply Chain Agility on Organizational Performance: A Quantitative Study in Fashion SMEs
Authors: Dewa Parama Kartika , Afiah Irma Nur , Umam Rofiqul
Published: July 2024

Supply Chain Agility (SCA) is recognized as a crucial component in fostering organizational agility, offering a competitive and expansionary strategy for businesses. However, the impact of SCA on organizational performance, particularly in the fashion industry, remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate how learning and agility within the supply chain affect the performance of fashion SMEs, providing a comprehensive understanding of these dynamics. Employing a quantitative approach, data were collected through a questionnaire from 180 fashion SMEs in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, with responses obtained from managers in the fashion industry sector. This methodological choice ensures that the insights gathered are both relevant and specific to the targeted industry. A Structural Equation Modeling using Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) was utilized to test the hypotheses, focusing on both the direct and indirect effects of internal and external learning dimensions on organizational performance. The findings reveal that both learning and supply chain agility significantly enhance the performance of fashion SMEs, underscoring their importance in boosting organizational effectiveness. Specifically, the study highlights that internal learning processes and external knowledge acquisition are both critical in fostering a more agile and responsive supply chain. These results contribute to the understanding of how SMEs in the fashion sector can leverage learning and agility to improve performance, supporting the development of more effective supply chain strategies. Consequently, the study's hypotheses are validated, providing valuable insights for practitioners and researchers in the field. This research underscores the potential for fashion SMEs to enhance their competitive edge and operational efficiency through strategic learning and agile supply chain management.
Unresolved issues in pyrotechnic activities as an objective cause of emergency incidents
Authors: BRYGIN Yu.P. ,   “Research and Production Company-VT” LLC
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Analysis of pyrotechnic activities various types, both licensed and unlicensed, supposes the need to assess modern requirements of regulatory documents governing the turnover of pyrotechnics in the country. How fully do they meet the requirements for the safe implementation of such activity for personnel, spectators, the surrounding infrastructure and exclude the causes of emergency incidents? Methods. The author has analyzed legal acts and regulatory documents governing the licensing of the production, storage and use of technical pyrotechnics, as well as the turnover of pyrotechnic products permitted for retail sale to the public. The causes of fires and explosions have been studied and summarized according to the sources of EMERCOM and mass media. Information from scientific sources on the basics of pyrotechnics has been analyzed. Findings. The imperfection of regulatory documents specific requirements for the conditions for carrying out pyrotechnic activities, training personnel and chiefs has been established. The main objective reasons for tragic incidents that have occurred over the past decades were identified: 1) legalized control loss over the turnover of pyrotechnics in the country; 2) lack of a unified set of rules for working with pyrotechnic materials for technical (professional) purposes; 3) the insufficient level of basic knowledge about pyrotechnic compositions and products based on them among personnel and chiefs of fireworks shows, as well as lack of licensing requirements for the education of the latter. The dangerous nature of the household pyrotechnics Internet sales through marketplace trading platforms is substantiated. Their specific violations of the Fire Regulations in the Russian Federation are indicated. Research application field. Measures are proposed in the field of pyrotechnic activities regulatory documents, state control in this area and retail trade in pyrotechnics. Conclusions. Pyrotechnic activity is a field of entrepreneurship where the conditions for licensing should not be weakened and there should not be chances for free wholesale and retail trade for anyone without any restrictions. Real state control should not be absent here, even for a temporary period.
Investigation of hydrocarbon absorption by foam
Authors: ANDREEV A.P. ,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, BITUEV R.B. , MESHCHERYAKOV A. V. , SAUTIEV M.I. , FROLOV D.V. ,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: July 2024

Purpose. To explain the behavior of air-mechanical foam in contact with hydrocarbons, there are generally accepted ideas about the thermodynamic stability of asymmetric aqueous films. These concepts cannot be considered exhaustive, since they do not explain the phenomena of foam stabilization in contact with hydrocarbons. The reason for the stabilization of foam films is the formation of stable emulsions in them caused by mass transfer. The aim of the work is to investigate the phenomenon of mass transfer between the aqueous phase and hydrocarbons on the stability of foam in contact with hydrocarbons. The following tasks are set in the work: to experimentally establish the effect of mass transfer on the contact destruction/stabilization of foam and the effect of hydrocarbon emulsification on the stability of foam from foaming agents of various nature. Methods. The experimental research method consists in measuring the rate of destruction of foam in contact with liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, as well as with hydrocarbon vapors. Findings. The paper presents the results of experimental studies, on the basis of which it is shown that the intensification of the mass transfer process between the aqueous phase and the hydrocarbon contributes to the stabilization of foam in contact with hydrocarbons. A study of the destruction of foam in hydrocarbon vapors has shown that, regardless of the nature of foaming agents, the greatest stabilization of foam is observed in the case of compliance of the foaming agent with the optimal hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of hydrocarbon, at which its emulsification occurs. Research application field. In this paper, the effect of mass transfer between the aqueous and hydrocarbon phases on the stabilization of foam in contact with hydrocarbons is investigated. The results obtained can be used for scientific and educational purposes in the study of the physicochemical properties of air-mechanical foam. Conclusions. It has been experimentally shown that the intensification of mass transfer contributes to a more intensive formation of an emulsion, which helps to stabilize the foam. All other things being equal, a foam more stable on the surface of hydrocarbons makes it possible to obtain a foaming agent, which in this system exhibits the properties not only of a foaming agent, but also of a good emulsifier.
Experimental assessment of volume concentration and size of solid smoke particles formed during thermal decomposition of combustible materials
Authors: PUZACH S.V. ,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, ZHURAVLEV Yu.Yu. , BOLDRUSHKIEV O.B. , AKPEROV R.G. ,   Department of Supervision and Fire Prevention of EMERCOM of Russia,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The purpose of the work is the experimental assessment of size as well as mass and calculated volumetric concentration of smoke solid particles formed during burning of combustible materials, using wood, insulation of cables and microelectronics elements as the examples. Methods. The authors used the experimental method for measuring the amount, size and mass of suspended solids particles in a gaseous medium formed in a small-scale experimental installation during the combustion of various substances and materials. Findings. The enhancement of experimental installation has been carried out and the experimental methodology has been developed that allows measuring the parameters of solid smoke particles. Experimental dependencies on the time of mass and countable volumetric concentration of smoke particles depending on their size have been obtained during testing wood samples, insulating cables and microelectronics elements. It has been found that the most dangerous, in terms of the effect on a human body during evacuation in case of a fire, finely dispersed solid particles of smoke are formed throughout the entire burning time. It is shown that the maximum mass and countable volume concentration of particles is formed at the incipient stage of combustion, and the mass volume concentrations of particles of all sizes significantly exceed their critical values. Research application field. The results can be applied at determining the blocking time of escape routes by visibility loss, and the consequences of human body exposure to smoke particles. Conclusions. It is necessary to conduct further studies in order to justify the introduction of a new fire hazard into regulatory documents on fire safety – the concentration and size of smoke particles, as well as create a database on the size of smoke particles formed during combustion of modern combustible substances and materials, and their mass and calculated volumetric concentrations.
Principles of Cloud Computing Infrastructure IaaS
Authors: Alhazeem Housam Ghanim
Published: July 2024

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) represents a cornerstone in contemporary cloud computing, providing essential on-demand computing resources, including servers, storage, and networking. This paper explores the foundational principles of IaaS, highlighting its ability to facilitate dynamic server management through practices like auto-scaling and ephemeral server utilization. The use of custom images in IaaS ensures minimal downtime and scalable deployment, while loose coupling enhances fault tolerance and adaptability. Emphasizing high availability through auto-scaling, IaaS supports continuous operations even in geographically vulnerable areas. The security framework of IaaS, encompassing a shared responsibility model, ensures robust data protection and compliance with industry standards. The paper also addresses cost optimization strategies and the integration of hybrid cloud architectures to maximize resource efficiency and maintain data integrity. Overall, IaaS is integral to modern IT infrastructure, offering flexible, scalable, and cost-effective solutions that align with the evolving demands of the digital landscape.
Towards a Universal Design Principle for Low-Hysteresis High-Valent Redox in Battery Cathodes: Synergizing Cationic Ordered Vacancies with Tunable Metal-Ligand Hybridization
Authors: Smith Hugh , Lee Gi-Hyeok , Kumar Bachu Sravan , Penn Aubrey , Venturi Victor , Gao Yifan , Stone Kevin , Hunt Adrian , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Stavitski Eli , Yang Wanli , Abate Iwnetim
Published: July 2024

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have the potential to meet growing demand for energy storage due to their low costs stemming from natural resource abundances, but their cathode energy density must be improved to be comparable to lithium-ion battery (LIBs) cathodes. One strategy to improve performance is accessing high voltage capacity through high-valent redox reactions. Such reactions usually cause instability in cathode materials, but Na2Mn3O7 (NMO) has demonstrated excellent performance in the high-valent regime with high reversibility due to its unique lattice structure with ordered Mn vacancies. This work seeks to expand the universality of ordered-vacancy as a design principle and increase the material candidates with such exceptional electrochemical behavior. Our approach involves synergizing cationic ordered vacancies with tunable metal-ligand hybridization through partial metal substitution. Particularly, we successfully incorporated Fe3+ for Mn4+ in NMO to make Na2.5Mn2.5Fe0.5O7 and achieved improved high-valent redox behavior. Fe substitution leads to larger specific capacities compared to pristine NMO (171 to 159 mAh/g first cycle discharge) and enhanced cycle stability (97 to 60 mAh/g after 50 cycles) in the voltage range 1.5-4.3 V vs. Na/Na+ as well as superior rate performance. This study lays the foundation for developing new cathode materials with stable high-valent redox through substitution of redox active transition metals by employing cationic ordered vacancy and partial transition metal substitution as design principles in tandem.
Chemical Exchange in Unstable Emulsions
Authors: Xu Ke , Schmedt auf der Günne Jörn
Published: July 2024

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a routine method to study chemical exchange in reactions and molecular rearrangements in solution. However, when it comes to exchange of molecular species in liquid-liquid, two phase systems like in phase-transfer catalysis, the rate becomes a function of the surface between two phases, which means that only stable emulsions could be studied with standard equipment. Here, a setup is described with which unstable emulsions can be produced and studied in-situ by solution NMR spectroscopy. The setup provides sufficient torque and spinning frequency for generating an unstable two-phase water/oil mixture by rapid stirring. The pneumatically driven stirrer in the probe head was designed using ideas borrowed from magic angle sample spinning and a prototype was produced by 3D printing. As proof of concept, the dynamics in an aniline water emulsion over the phase boundary are studied by regular exchange spectroscopy NMR experiments.
Ex situ electro-organic synthesis: A method to decouple electro- and thermochemical steps for unrestricted reaction control
Authors: Pletsch Helena , Lyu Yang , Halter Dominik P.
Published: July 2024

Classic in situ electro-organic synthesis with substrates added into electrolyzers often suffers from poor efficiency and restricted product selectivity tuning possibilities. The reason is that electrolysis conditions must balance requirements of both electro- and thermochemical steps during electrocatalytic reaction cascades, and additionally compromise between paired anode and cathode reactions. Hence, selective and efficient electrosynthesis remains challenging for many products, and particularly for economic co-production of anodic and cathodic products. Herein, we exemplify the method of ex situ electro-organic synthesis as an option to break such traditional compatibility barriers. The two-step process platform separates electrochemical catalyst activation steps in time and space from thermochemical substrate conversion at the activated catalyst. Thereby, ex situ electro-organic synthesis enables independent tuning of electrochemistry and organic synthesis for unique selectivity. For proof-of-concept, we demonstrate this using redox energy storage in Ni(OH)2/NiOOH anodes for selective alcohol oxidation. Specifically, in a two-step process, first bulk oxidation of Ni(OH)2 electrodes to NiOOH material is paired to H2 production by alkaline water electrolysis. Then, “charged” NiOOH electrodes are removed from the electrolyzer and used in external vessels to exemplarily oxidize benzyl alcohol under regeneration of Ni(OH)2 for another run. Free choice of reaction medium allows to convert benzyl alcohol either to benzoic acid with 99% selectivity (in water) or to benzaldehyde with 91% selectivity (in n-hexane), where classic in situ electrolysis can only produce the acid together with H2. Since NiOOH can mediate many organic conversions, this work may inspire future electro-synthesis of several previously inaccessible products.
Theoretical Approaches to Study Degradation in Li-ion Battery Cathodes: Crucial Role of Exchange and Correlation
Authors: Banerjee Hrishit , Morris Andrew J
Published: July 2024

Li-ion batteries have become essential in energy storage, with demand rising steadily. Cathodes, crucial for determining capacity and voltage, face challenges like degradation, thermal runaway, and battery failure. Understanding these degradation phenomena is vital for developing mitigation strategies. Experimental techniques such as XAS, XPS, PES, UV-Vis spectroscopy, RIXS, NMR, and OEMS are commonly used, but theoretical modelling, particularly atomistic modelling with density-functional theory (DFT), provides key insights into the microscopic electronic behaviours causing degradation. While DFT offers a precise formulation, its approximations in the exchange-correlation functional and its ground-state, 0K limitations necessitate additional methods like ab initio molecular dynamics. Recently, many-body electronic structure methods have been used alongside DFT to better explain electron-electron interactions and temperature effects. This review emphasizes material-specific methods and the importance of electron-electron interactions, highlighting the role of many-body methods in addressing key issues such as polaron formation and electron-phonon coupling in cathodes.
Assessing the Performance of Continuous Methane Monitoring Systems at Midstream Compressor Stations
Authors: Yang Shuting , Ravikumar Arvind
Published: July 2024

Continuous Monitoring Systems (CMS) are a promising technology to detect and quantify intermittent and high-volume methane emissions across the oil and gas supply chain. This is particularly salient at midstream compressor stations where the contribution of short duration emission events to total emissions make survey type technologies less suitable to develop accurate measurement informed inventories. In this work, we report on the first concurrent and long-term test of five CMS technologies to detect, localize, and quantify methane emission from two major types of midstream compressor stations found in the US – a turbine-only station and an engine-only station. We find that CMS technologies can distinguish between different operational states of the compressor only under conditions of low background methane emissions. Combining known events at these facilities with in-situ controlled releases, we observe that all CMS technologies generally struggle in identifying short duration or low-emission rate (relative to baseline) events. Critically, we find that positive event detection, based on analysis of underlying methane signals, frequently did not translate to alerts sent to the operators. Deployment of CMS at midstream compressor stations must proceed with caution based on specific applications, site configuration, and the nature of baseline emissions.
Unraveling the nature of adsorbed isobutene in H-SSZ-13 with operando simulations at the top of Jacob’s ladder
Authors: Bocus Massimo , Vandenhaute Sander , Van Speybroeck Veronique
Published: July 2024

Unraveling the nature of adsorbed olefins in zeolites is crucial to understand numerous zeolite-catalyzed processes. A well-grounded theoretical description critically depends on both an accurate determination of the potential energy surface (PES) and a reliable account of entropic effects at operating conditions. Herein, we propose a transfer learning approach to perform random phase approximation (RPA) quality enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations, thereby approaching chemical accuracy on both the determination and exploration of the PES. The proposed methodology is used to investigate isobutene adsorption in H-SSZ-13 as prototypical system to estimate the relative stability of physisorbed olefins, carbenium ions and surface alkoxide species (SAS) in Brønsted-acidic zeolites. We show that the tert-butyl carbenium ion formation is highly endothermic and no entropic stabilization is observed compared to the physisorbed complex within H-SSZ-13. Hence, its predicted concentration and lifetime are negligible, making a direct experimental observation unlikely. Yet, it remains a shallow minimum on the free energy surface over the whole considered temperature range (273-873 K), being therefore a short-lived reaction intermediate rather than a transition state species.
An algorithm for setting environmental quality targets on the example of Кostanay region
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Mikhailichenko Alexander
Published: July 2024

At the beginning of 2021, the new Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan came into force, aimed at gradually improving the quality of the environment. One of the requirements of the regulatory document is the establishment of environmental quality targets by each region. Kostanay region was one of the first in the republic to establish environmental quality targets under the new Rules that came into force in the middle of 2021. The rules for the quality targets development describe only the requirements for which components of the environment should be established, what should follow after setting environmental quality targets (meaning environmental protection measures), but the algorithm and sources of the information are not indicated in the rules. This work was carried out in Kostanay region in 2023, and this article describes not only the results obtained, but also the stages of the work, sources of information and conclusions obtained in the form of proposed quality indicators. The article describes the algorithm of the work carried out to establish quality targets for the Kostanay region.
DISTRIBUTION AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PAEONIA ANOMALA (PAEONIACEAE) ONTOGENESIS IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kubentayev Serik , Sarkytbayeva Aisulu , Myrzagalieva Anar , Mukhtubayeva Saule , Izbastina Klara , Kubentayeva Balsulu
Published: July 2024

The article presents data on the distribution and biological features of the ontogenetic states of Paeonia anomala L. on the territory of Kazakhstan. The distribution of the species was established according to field research, observations, literature and materials of herbarium collections: MW, NUR and AA. The age of the plants was determined by the annual layers on the rhizomes of P. anomala. According to the data obtained, the main distribution area of P. anomala in Kazakhstan is located within the East Kazakhstan region, in the Katon-Karagai, Kurchum, Shemonaikha, Ulan and Zyryanovsky administrative districts. It is much less common in the Zhambyl and Almaty regions, the south-western border of the general distribution area of the species passes in these regions. Our studies have not confirmed the growth of P. anomala on the territory of the Kokchetav upland of the Kazakh small-grassland. The results of the research made it possible to establish in the ontogenesis of P. anomala L. 9 age-related conditions: latent state, seedlings, juvenile, immature, virginal, young generative, mature generative, old generative and senile. Life span of P. anomala in East Kazakhstan is 55-70 years old, sometimes more. In populations confined to the Subalpine belt and sparse forest cenoses, age spectra with an absolute maximum of the age cycle are characteristic.
EFFECTS OF ANTIVIRAL THERAPEUTIC DRUGS FOR SARS-COV-2 ON TREATMENT OUTCOMES AND CLINICAL PARAMETERS
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Bari Abdul , Sarwari Atiqullah , Hassan Mohammad , Wahid Abdul , Niazi Parwiz , Baseer Qadeer , Sediqi Sayedwali , Mohammad Uzair
Published: July 2024

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has prompted extensive research into antiviral therapeutic interventions aimed at improving treatment outcomes and clinical parameters. It provides a concise overview of the research conducted in this field, focusing on the impact and significance of various antiviral drugs. By analyzing key studies and trials, it aims to elucidate the efficacy and safety profiles of drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, molnupiravir, and Paxlovid in managing COVID-19. The scientific and practical significance of this research lies in its contribution to understanding the role of antiviral drugs in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection. This knowledge is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes during the ongoing pandemic. Methodologically, this research involves reviewing and synthesizing data from reputable studies published in peer-reviewed journals. Key outcomes and clinical parameters assessed include viral clearance, mortality rates, hospitalization duration, and adverse effects associated with antiviral drug administration. The main results and analysis highlight the varying impacts of different antiviral drugs on SARS-CoV-2 treatment outcomes. For instance, remdesivir shows promise in reducing recovery time and mortality, while favipiravir demonstrates enhanced viral clearance but may cause transient liver enzyme elevations. In conclusion, this research underscores the value of antiviral therapeutic drugs in mitigating SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings contribute to the evolving understanding of COVID-19 treatment strategies and offer insights into optimizing clinical care protocols. The practical significance of these results lies in informing healthcare professionals and policymakers about effective therapeutic options for managing COVID-19 cases, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes. This abstract encapsulates the essential aspects of research on antiviral drugs for SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing its scientific, practical, and methodological significance in advancing our response to the global pandemic.
THE ABILITY OF NATURAL WATERS TO SELF-PURIFY, DEPENDING ON THE DEGREE OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, AKBAYEVA Lyailya , Bakeshova Zhumabike , Mamytova Nurgul , Abzhalelov Akhan , Yevneyeva Dinara , Rakhymzhan Zhanar , Tazhen Abay
Published: July 2024

Self-purification in surface waters involves many components of the aquatic ecosystem, among which aquatic microorganisms play an important role, which perform the function of primary oxidation or reduction of pollutants entering the reservoir. However, a number of chemicals that pollute lakes and rivers inhibit the activity of bacterioplankton. This leads to the fact that the ability of the reservoir to self-cleaning is sharply violated and its degradation occurs. The activity of the process of destruction of organic substances can be judged by the oxygen parameters in the water of rivers and lakes. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of general chemical pollution of substances in natural water bodies on the ability of self-purification due to microorganisms.To assess the ability of water bodies to self-purify, the R/BOD ratio was used. The functional activity of microorganisms in the samples was assessed by their ability to reduce the ratio of dissolved oxygen on the first day R1/BOD1 and on the fifth day R5/BOD5 in the presence of test pollutants: gasoline, surfactant and antibiotic.It was shown that the decrease in the self-cleaning ability of natural waters under the influence of various pollutants from bioorganic pollution both in the river and in the lake is of a general nature. In a comparative study of the degree of suppression of heterotrophic destruction in lake and river water for gasoline, Fairy detergent and antibiotic Ospamox 250 mg, the latter most sharply reduces the ability of water bodies to bioorganic destruction at a dilution of 1:999, and at a dilution of 1:99 completely destroys it.The second most inhibiting natural water self-purification agent is Fairy detergent. When diluted 1:9 and 1:99 Fairy reduces self-cleaning ability to zero on the fifth day.Gasoline is capable of suppressing self-purification only in relatively large quantities: 1:9 in relation to water.
MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SECTIONS AND SELECTION OF SOIL SAMPLES IN ZHAMBYL REGION
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Yessimsiitova Zura , Konysbayeva Aizhan
Published: July 2024

Soil contamination with heavy metals, especially in the vicinity of large cities and industrial centers, has become one of the pressing environmental problems. Over the past ten years, the Republic of Kazakhstan has seen a moderate increase in industrial output, with coal production growing by 20%, crude oil and natural gas production by 19%, and metal ore production by 27%. Technogenic pollutants enter the soil in the form of complex organic and mineral compounds, as well as in a metallic state, with subsequent decomposition to simple elements or the formation of new compounds. All this directly affects the environment, deteriorating soil-ecological conditions, and reducing soil fertility. In this regard, we carried out an analysis of the ecology of the soil cover, assessed the condition of the soil and the problems of their solution in the Zhambyl region. Analysis of the study showed that the negative impact of emissions from industrial enterprises and the growing amount of emissions from mobile sources on soil and plants has a strong impact on the soil surface, devoid of vegetation and susceptible to erosion processes. The obtained research results will make it possible to satisfy the need for fertilizers through the use of local raw materials, ensuring the preservation of soil fertility, increasing crop productivity, and obtaining environmentally friendly products at significantly lower costs. The article shows the results of comparison with the surface of damaged and cut off points P-1, P-2, P-3, P-4. Violations of the soil-ecological function of technogenic landscapes destroyed by emissions from mining and metallurgical enterprises were identified.
Ornitocomplexes and avifauna of some landscapes of Kostanay
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, ZHETPISBAY Gulzat , Soloviev Sergej , Kazkenova Gulzhan , Yunussova Gulnara
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the current species composition of the fauna and bird population of the city of Kostanay in Northern Kazakhstan in the winter and autumn periods. In urban landscapes characterized by high dynamics of environmental transformation, the reasons for the increase in the number of synanthropic bird species have been identified. This pattern has not been studied for the considered territory of the cities of Northern Kazakhstan. Based on the data obtained, the areas and habitats in the urban ecosystem of Kostanay and the routes of movement in the urban environment were assessed, and the species and quantitative composition of birds was analyzed. The work reflects an analytical manner, which clearly shows that with the emergence of new urban parts, as well as a qualitative change in the built-up area, there is a change in the boundaries of the habitat of many species and their migration processes. The landscapes included in the study represent areas of one-story and multi-story buildings, new city parks on the banks of the Tobyl River. The leading species in each landscape are identified and the factors leading to a reduction in the number of species are listed. It is noted that for the studied urban ecosystem of Kostanay there is no historical data on the state of ornithocomplexes. The results of this study will serve as the basis for further work to describe the processes of change in the avifauna and bird population that may occur in the future with the transformation of the factorial component of the urban environment.
THE HISTORY OF DIGITIZATION OF MODERN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GLOBAL CHALLENGE: ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Tassilova Aigerim , Tassilova Naziya , Zhappassov Zharylkassyn , Buyenbayeva Zarina
Published: July 2024

The history and importance of the development of the "problem of digitization" and "smart city" are discussed as the subject of the article. In this study, the concept of "smart city" is considered as a general vector of further socio-economic development of cities. To reveal the historical aspect of the topic, historical reviews of the digitalization process of countries such as Singapore, Japan, and the USA are given. At this point, research methods: control and mixed methods are used. Using the methodology of qualitative analysis as a research methodology, the author compares the new digitization methodology, its development, developed in domestic discourse, with world experience. The authors come to the conclusion that the transfer of the state management system to a digital format serves as a means of developing the state's national interests and raising its image in the international arena. Today, the main task is to create conditions for the development of all types of cities, to ensure the uniformity of the economic and social development of the country's territories at the expense of increasing their competitiveness. Here, not competition, but competition, interaction and mutual aid relations based on the effective use of limited resources, primarily intellectual resources, play a decisive role. The practical importance of the article is to study the history of the complete digitalization of Kazakhstan and put the data into use. The research article will be useful and relevant for all readers who are studying the history of development of modern Kazakhstan or who are studying the humanitarian field.
Problems of the formation of the Soviet federal model (using the example of Kyrgyz autonomy. 1920s)
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Amanzholova Dina
Published: July 2024

The author examines the main stages and problems of the formation of the Kyrgyz autonomy within the RSFSR in connection with the national-territorial division of Central Asia. These processes were part of the formation of the Soviet federal model. It had a complex structure due to significant differences between different regions. Along with the usual provinces and regions, a hierarchy of national republics, regions and districts was created, up to national districts and village councils. The space of the RSFSR was especially difficult to organize. The features of the status and development of the Kyrgyz autonomous region, the circumstances of the decision on its transformation into an autonomous republic are analyzed. It was discussed at the III session of the XII convocation of the Central Executive Committee, when the famous «Ryskulov’s» meeting of national workers was held on November 12 and 14, 1926. The author characterizes the specifics of the position of the leadership of the Kyrgyz JSC and the role of T.R. Ryskulov in solving key issues of the development of the Central Asian region in the context of large-scale transformations. The participants debates reflected a number of important issues of federal construction, the formation of the organizational and institutional framework of autonomies and ensuring the sustainability of governance. An important role in this was played by the interaction of the heads of the center and the autonomies.
Wagon (family) Lists of deported Koreans as a poly-variant source for research
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kim German
Published: July 2024

The paper is a pioneering study of wagon (family) lists of deported Koreans through the prism of the polyvariant use of a historical source. Archival documents on the deportation of Koreans, kept for many decades as "top secret", became available in the early 1990s, but the wagon (family) lists never became the object of a special analyze and were only mentioned in some publications. Despite the limited and concise information, the lists provide rich material for verifying existing knowledge and identifying new aspects in demographic issues, such as: the average size of a Korean family, its composition, the number of children of Koreans, etc. Surnames, first names and patronymics (if any) indicated in the lists of deported Koreans are a source for studying the anthroponymy, the peculiarities of transcription of Korean surnames in Russian, how the names were given, etc. The topic of the citizenship of the deported Koreans became a key and priority issue because it remained a "blank spot" in research discourse. Opinions turned out to be diametrically opposed: most of the deported Koreans were not citizens of the USSR and vice versa - most of them had Soviet citizenship. Wagon (family) lists indicating the number of confiscated passports and the calculations made on this data, gave a clear answer that the overwhelming majority of Koreans were citizen of USSR. The article used only a small part of the wagon lists found in the archives of the Russian Federation, so the search for these sources and research from the point of view of various social sciences and humanities are ahead.
Artificial intelligence in libraries: the experience of comparative historical analysis
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Sabdenova Gulmira , Kosmyrza Zhansaya
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this article is to introduce the tasks of artificial intelligence into library activities, to determine its analysis, to compare the advantages and disadvantages of input in action, to compile AI technology, to determine the types of use cases in the field of library work. Special attention is paid to several types of AI used in foreign library activities. Along with this, descriptions of the works of foreign scientists written on this topic are given. Considering the works of scientists, a descriptive method was used in the article. The main directions of using AI by modern libraries were demonstrated. In this paper, the term "artificial intelligence" was used, emphasizing the special importance of the library international organization IFLA. The importance of AI in providing fast and prompt, and most importantly in high-quality work of services is determined. The practical significance of this work mainly lies in improving the quality of library services with the help of AI. As a result of the study, it was proved that AI is not used by many libraries and huge amounts of money are required for implementation. At the same time, the knowledge of AI management of library staff also has an impact, which in turn limits the full use of AI.
TRADITIONAL FOLK KNOWLEDGE OF THE KAZAKHS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CULT OF THE WOLF
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Wurigemule Wurigemule , Kartaeva Tattigul , Utepova Rauza
Published: July 2024

The wolf is a predator that has a symbolic meaning in almost all Turkic peoples. Early Turkic people used the ephemeral name “bori” for wolves. Almost all Turkic peoples consider themselves as descendants of Kokbori. However, different Turkic peoples have various features in the concept of “wolf”. The system of knowledge and skills related to wolves for Kazakh people is associated with the recognition of the secrets of nature and animals from ancient times. There was formed ethno-folklore system (legends, fairy tales, proverbs) related to the cognition of man and wolf, as well as a system of names according to the types of wolves, age and color. The ephemeral name “Bori” used by the ancient Turks and the cult of bori had not lost their meaning from ancient times to the present day. Rock carvings and archeological finds determine the importance of the image of the wolf in the life and worldview of the ancient tribes inhabiting the Kazakh land. The skin was tanned and hung at home. The wolf coat (winter coat) and wolf cap (winter cap) were sewn from its skin. Heart, larynx, meat, fat, wolf soup, bile, genitals had been used in ethnomedicine for the traditional treatment of various diseases. The body parts such as skull, cheeks, teeth, haste, soles, skin were used for magical and ritual purposes. The traditional method of hunting wolves in the hunting industry was to set traps. The system of proverbs associated with the wolf reflects the peculiarities of the Kazakhs' knowledge of wolves. Field research works related to wolves were carried out in the regıon Syrdarya-Aral, the western part of the Kazakhstan, Ulytau.
RESULT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH WORK, CONDUCTED IN THE ANCIENT SETTLEMENT OF KULTOBE IN 2023
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Sizdikov Bagdaulet , Gursoy Muzaffer , Bakhtybayev Mels , Zhetibaev Kopzhasar
Published: July 2024

It is known that the history of Keles dates back to the Stone Age. The fact that mankind has lived in this region since the Stone Age is evidenced by the sites, located on the slopes of the Kazygurt mountains. Judging by the numerous settlements, towns and burials found in river valleys with a lot of water, it is clear that the region has become a fertile place for humanity since the Early Iron Age. As a result of archaeological research was revealed that the ancient peoples who lived in the Keles steppe were engaged in agriculture, as well as nomadic cattle breeding, even built cities and formed the first urban culture in the region. In the Middle Ages, the Keles plain became an important center of the Great Silk Road, which connected the settlements of Sairam and Shymkent with the city of Shash and from the city of Shash with the cities of Baiyrkum, Sutkent, Otyrar and Yassy. Thus, the trade and art, agriculture and animal husbandry of the settlements of the Keles plain developed simultaneously and became the basis for the formation of urban culture. In the article, we decided to study, analyze and introduce into scientific circulation the topographic structure of the settlement of Kultobe, the architectural features of residential buildings and the defence system, which has not been fully studied. The article was prepared on the basis of the scientific project AP19678134 «Carrying out archaeological and interdisciplinary research on the ancient settlement of Kultobe located in the Keles region».
Chronology of copyright development: the history of the formation of the foundations of copyright in the USA, England, France and the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Tuenbayeva Kalima , Seitimbetova Danakul
Published: July 2024

A thorough revision of copyright law is extremely necessary due to a significant increase in the material value of literary and artistic property, as well as serious problems with its protection. The copyright statute encompasses three main copyright policies: copyright must encourage learning to avoid copyright censorship; copyright must protect and expand the public domain; and copyright is to provide public access to copyrighted materials.The main purpose of this article is to study the development of copyright law, the general principles of this topic and the analysis of the sources of copyright law.Currently, digital technologies with their potential for mass dissemination of information have become a catalyst for such profound social changes that it is time to rethink the basics of copyright law as intangible property rights, its evolution and scope, exceptions and limitations, taking into account the modern needs of technological innovation, progress and revolution. Librarians, as information professionals, also have their rights and responsibilities in relation to copyright. The article attempts to study the historical development of the copyright law, as a process of unification and harmonization and its application in the library sphere, the rights and obligations of librarians, as well as restrictions and protection of copyrights.