bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Functional Class, Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Size in Left Atrial Myxoma
Authors: Nakano T. , Mayumi H. , Hisahara M. , Yasui H. , Tokunaga K.
Published: September 2024

To examine the correlation between the size of left atrial myxoma, the degree of pulmonary hypertension and the patient's New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, the records of 29 surgically treated patients with left atrial myxoma were reviewed. Of 29 patients, 23 were catheterized before surgery. As the preoperative NYHA functional class advanced, the preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg) was seen to increase. Moreover, the weight of the excised myxoma also correlated well with the preoperative pulmonary artery pressure value. In five patients inserted with a Swan-Ganz catheter, the mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased immediately after tumour excision. Postoperatively, the average NYHA class of the 29 patients significantly improved. These results confirmed the positive correlation between the size of the tumour, the pulmonary artery pressure, and NYHA class in patients with left atrial myxoma. Copyright © 1996 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
Prognostic Significance of Intrarenal Resistance Indices in Patients with Renal Artery Interventions: A Preliminary Duplex Sonographic Study
Authors: Frauchiger B. , Zierler R. , Bergelin R. O. , Isaacson J. A. , Strandness D. E.
Published: September 2024

No non-invasive test can predict the clinical outcome of renal revascularization procedures. Because duplex sonographic measurements of intrarenal flow patterns reflect the resistance to flow within the kidney, the prognostic value of the cortical end-diastolic to peak systolic (d/s) velocity ratio was investigated in patients undergoing intervention for renal artery stenosis. The clinical and duplex sonographic data on 32 patients with 35 interventions (30 percutaneous transluminal angioplasties and five operations) on 42 renal artery sides were analysed. Twenty-three patients had atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and nine patients had fibromuscular dysplasia resulting in ⩾ 60% renal artery stenosis. Measurements of the renal to aortic velocity ratio and cortical d/s ratio were performed before and after intervention. In the atherosclerotic patients, three interventions were clinically and technically successful, eight were technically successful but clinical failures, and 14 were clinically and technically unsuccessful. In the fibromuscuiar dysplasia patients, eight interventions were clinically and technically successful, and two were clinically and technically unsuccessful. The difference between the corresponding d/s ratios for atherosclerotic and fibromuscuiar dysplasia sides was significant on both the treated and not-treated sides (P< 0.02, two-tailed unpaired t-test). None of the 11 clinically successful procedures had a d/s ratio below 0.3, compared with seven values below 0.3 in the 24 clinically unsuccessful interventions (P= 0.05, one-tailed Fisher's exact test). It is concluded that: (1), a d/s ratio below 0.3 correlates with clinical failure in subsequent treatment of hypertension by renal revascularization, while a value above 0.3 has no prognostic significance; (2), despite technical success, not all atherosclerotic patients have clinical success from renal artery interventions; (3), in fibromuscular dysplasia patients, all clinical failures of renal artery interventions are associated with technical failures; and (4). the difference in d/s ratio between atherosclerotic and fibromuscuiar dysplasia patients may be a consequence of the more advanced age, longer duration of hypertension and additional risk factors in atherosclerotic patients. Copyright © 1996 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
Is Transcranial Doppler Effective in Avoiding the Hazards of Carotid Surgery?
Authors: Bornstein N. M. , Rossi G. B. , Treves T. A. , Shifrin E. G.
Published: September 2024

The middle cerebral artery flow velocities were measured to test the hypothesis that transcranial Doppler is a useful technique for intraoperative monitoring in 50 consecutive carotid endarterectomies which were performed under local anaesthesia. The patients' neurological status was continuously monitored. The peak middle cerebral artery velocities were measured before clamping, during clamping and after restoration of flow, and again 24 h and 4 weeks later. Clamping produced a decrease in the velocity of the middle cerebral artery, from 97 to 45 cm/s ( P< 0.001). Neurological manifestations occurred in eight patients; one patient lost consciousness, and seven experienced transient focal deficits during the procedure. Another three (6%) developed minor strokes postoperatively. The velocity changes were similar in those who developed complications to those who did not. These results do not support the view that transcranial Doppler monitoring is helpful in deciding whether to use a shunt during carotid endarterectomy. Further data are needed to evaluate the importance of transcranial Doppler monitoring during carotid surgery. Copyright © 1996 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
Risk Prediction of Outcome following Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Davies A. H. , Hayward J. K. , Currie I. , Cole S. E. A. , Lopatazidis A. , Lamont P. M. , Baird R. N.
Published: September 2024

The quoted combined mortality and morbidity following carotid endarterectomy is about 5–7%. In an attempt to identify a subgroup of high risk patients, a review has been undertaken of 404 carotid endarterectomies performed between January 1985 and March 1994. The perioperative mortality rate was 2%, with 3.4% of patients experiencing transient neurological deficits and 4% permanent strokes. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the influence on outcome of age, gender, indication for surgery, bilateral internal carotid artery disease, hypertension and smoking. No significant explanators were identified. Copyright © 1996 The International Society for Cardiovasular Surgery.
An Alternative Procedure to Intra-Arterial Aortoinfundibuloplasty
Authors: Katsumata T. , Endo M. , Hashimoto A. , Koyanagi H.
Published: September 2024

Intra-arterial aortoinfundibuloplasty is a newly developed aortic annular enlargement procedure in which, originally, the annulus was split anteriorly via the main pulmonary arteriotomy. An alternative method of aortoinfundibuloplasty was studied experimentally which creates spiral incisions on the free walls of both great arteries descending together into the aortopulmonary and infundibular septum via both commissures of right and left facing cusps of pulmonary and aortic valves. The valve prosthesis is implanted through this three-dimensional incision, followed by patch reconstruction. The ratio of annular augmentation was three sizes in two animals and four sizes in three animals. Immediate postoperative haemodynamics were satisfactory and there was no significant postoperative increase in systolic pressure gradient at the right ventricular outflow tract and in the right ventricular end-diastolic pressure. This alternative procedure could be applied to cases requiring radical annular enlargement and would give a wider view of both ventricular outflow tracts. Copyright © 1996 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
Spontaneous Perforation of a Non-Aneurysmal Atherosclerotic Abdominal Aorta or Femoral Artery
Authors: Origuchi N , Shigematsu H. , Nunokawa M. , Yasuhura H. , Muto T.
Published: September 2024

The spontaneous perforation of a non-aneurysmal atherosclerotic abdominal aorta or femoral artery is reported Over the past 14 years, four perforations have been found in the abdominal aorta and one in the femoral artery; the incidence of each was 1.1% and 5.9%, respectively. Computed tomography scanning was useful for diagnosing pseudoaneurysms in all cases, since it revealed haematoma outside the arterial wall. One of these cases presented with an aortoduodenal fistula. The arteries were severely atherosclerotic with calcification. All of the patients underwent a graft replacement. Operative findings confirmed pseudoaneurysm. One patient died from pneumonia 4 months after the operation, and the other four have remained well during the follow-up period ranging from 2–9 years. Copyright © 1996 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
Combined Semiclosed Iliac Endarterectomy and Distal Arterial Reconstruction for Multilevel Arterial Disease
Authors: Royle J. , Somjen G. , Tong Y.
Published: September 2024

Semiclosed iliac endarterectomy in combination with an infrainguinal vascular reconstruction has been used over the past decade in the treatment of lower-limb ischaemia. Although the early results of this combination of operations were known, the durability of the external iliac endarterectomy had not been assessed and so an effort was made to review all surviving patients by duplex scanning. Between 1985 and 1993, 48 patients (51 limbs) underwent combined semiclosed iliac endarterectomy and infrainguinal vascular reconstruction for iliac and femoropopliteal occlusive disease. Some 49% of operations were performed for limb salvage. An iliofemoral bypass graft was required twice because of failure of the endarterectomy. A variety of distal arterial reconstructions was employed. One patient required a major amputation and there were two deaths. Mean (s.d.) ankle/brachial indices (ABI) rose from 0.54 (0.14) to 0.85 (0.25) after surgery. Some 85% of the patients who underwent operation for claudication became symptom free; 83% of patients who underwent operation for limb-threatening ischaemia became symptom free or improved to mild claudication during an average of 29 months follow-up. During the follow-up period five patients underwent a further procedure because of restenoses of the external iliac artery. A duplex scanning study was performed in 22 of the 51 limbs an average of 36 months after surgery. External iliac artery stenotic lesions were found in the area of the endarterectomy in three patients. Endarterectomy of the external iliac artery from the groin is an alternative for some patients with iliac arterial disease. In a patient scheduled for an infrainguinal bypass, when an unexpectedly greater degree of athermoma is found at operation in the common femoral and external iliac arteries, this operation may be performed. The durability of the operation as assessed by follow-up duplex scan is quite acceptable. Copyright © 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Recurrent Varicose Veins after Short Saphenous Vein Surgery: A Duplex Ultrasound Study
Authors: Tong Y. , Royle J.
Published: September 2024

Recurrent venous reflux in the popliteal fossa of patients with recurrent varicose veins following short saphenous vein surgery was assessed in 70 limbs using a duplex scanner. Incompetence of the short saphenous vein was found to be the main source (61%) of venous reflux in the popliteal fossa (43/70). The recurrence or persistence of the short saphenous vein was subdivided into four types: an intact saphenopopliteal junction, as well as an intact short saphenous vein in 20 limbs (type I); varicosities in the popliteal fossa communicating with a short saphenous vein stump in 11 limbs (type II); a residual short saphenous vein communicating with the popliteal vein via a tortuous recurrent vein in eight limbs (type III); and a segment of residual short saphenous vein with no communication with the popliteal vein in four limbs (type IV). Incompetence of a gastrocnemius vein was involved in 24 cases (34%), an incompetent popliteal area vein in one (1.4%), popliteal vein incompetence in 15 (21%), and popliteal fossa varicosities communicating with the long saphenous system in two (3%). Of 12 limbs tested pre- and postoperatively, a high termination of the short saphenous vein was demonstrated in four of seven residual incompetent short saphenous veins. Duplex scanning is recommended to assess recurrent venous reflux in the popliteal fossa. It can be used to determine the level of an incompetent saphenopopliteal junction and the level of the termination of any other incompetent vein in the management of varicose veins recurring after a short saphenous vein operation. Copyright © 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Composite Grafts for Critical Ischaemia
Authors: Benedetti-Valentini F. , Gossetti B. , Irace I. , Martinelli O. , Gattuso R.
Published: September 2024

A total of 236 femoropopliteal below the knee and 64 femorotibial bypasses were carried out for critical ischaemia of the lower limbs using various prosthetic materials. These were evaluated in order to assess the patency of composite grafts (29 cases) compared with autogenous saphenous veins (189) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (82). The composite graft was made by anastomosing a segment of autogenous vein in the distal position and joining it by an end-to-end oblique anastomosis to a PTFE prosthesis in the proximal position. These grafts were employed when an adequate autogenous vein could not be used for the entire length of the bypass. The graft-graft anastomosis was never placed near the knee-joint and if the PTFE segment had to cross the knee, it was always of the externally supported type. There were no early occlusions in the composite grafts. A total of 257 grafts were available for assessment at a mean of 4 years (range 6 months to 15 years). The patency for autologous saphenous vein was: 81.2% (121/142 femoropopliteal and 13/23 femorotibial). The patency for PTFE was 67.1% (41/58 femoropopliteal and 4/9 femorotibial) and for composite grafts was 76% (10/11 femoropopliteal and 9/14 femorotibial). There was no significant difference in patency between the autologous saphenous vein and the composite grafts, both in the femoropopliteal and femorotibial positions. Both were significantly better than PTFE grafts. Composite grafts are the best alternative when an autologous saphenous vein is not available. Copyright © 1996 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
Pantaloon Vein Graft Technique in Tibial Revascularization with Arteriovenous Fistula for Limb Salvage
Authors: Sogaro F. , Galeazzi E. , Amroch D. , Ganassin L.
Published: September 2024

Graft patency and limb salvage in 91 successive patients operated upon between April 1989 and April 1994 with a human umbilical vein graft combined with an adjunctive arteriovenous fistula at the distal anastomosis of the prosthetic graft in a single limb were evaluated. All the patients operated on were in the ‘limb salvage’ category. On discharge from hospital 91% of the revascularized limbs were salvaged. Secondary cumulative patency at 57 months was 57.3% with a 61.5% limb salvage rate. This technique, which has anatomical and haemodynamic advantages, results in improved graft patency and foot salvage rates in patients with critical leg ischaemia and poor distal run-off when autologous saphenous vein is absent or cannot be used. Copyright © 1996 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
Colour Duplex Ultrasonography Versus Angiography in the Diagnosis of Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease
Authors: Lai D. T. M. , Huber D. , Glasson R. , Grayndler V. , Evans J. , Hogg J. , Etheridge S.
Published: September 2024

Colour duplex scanning is reported to be an accurate non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of lower-extremity arterial disease. The authors at the South Coast Vascular Laboratory have conducted a prospective audit to determine the efficacy of colour duplex scanning in a vascular surgical practice. The aims of this prospective trial were to compare the accuracy of colour duplex scanning with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the localization and classification of aortoiliac and femoropopliteal artery disease. Ninety-one lower limbs in 50 patients were evaluated independently by colour duplex scanning and DSA. The lower-limb vasculature was divided into eight segments: infrarenal aorta, common iliac artery, external iliac artery, common femoral artery, proximal, middle and lower thirds of the combined length of the superficial femoral and above-knee popliteal artery, and lastly the below-knee popliteal artery. A total of 558 arterial segments were examined. The Kappa value of duplex scanning compared with ‘gold standard’ DSA was 0.57. For detecting haemodynamically significant arterial lesions of > 50% reduction in diameter, duplex scanning had a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 90%, positive predictive value of 77% and negative predictive value of 89% compared with DSA. The level of accuracy obtained does not support the use of duplex as a sole method of investigation for lower-extremity arterial disease in the authors' case. However, the high negative predictive value of colour duplex may be useful in excluding haemodynamically significant disease. This study emphasizes the importance of prospective auditing to determine individual accuracy with duplex examination for arterial disease, and enables clinical decision making to be based on tests with a known accuracy. Copyright © 1996 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
Prophylaxis against Staphylococcus Epidermidis Vascular Graft Infection with Rifampicin-Soaked, Gelatin-Sealed Dacron
Authors: Sardelic F. , Ao P. Y. , Taylor D. A. , Fletcher J. P.
Published: September 2024

An animal model was used to assess the efficacy of rifampicin-impregnated, gelatin-sealed Dacron in the prevention of vascular graft infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Under a general anaesthetic an interposition graft was placed into sheep carotid artery. On completion of the operation 1 ml of normal saline containing 108 colony forming units (cfu) of a slime-producing S. epidermidis was inoculated directly onto the graft. After 3 weeks the graft was harvested. Swabs were taken of perigraft tissues, and of external and internal aspects of the graft. A 3–5-mm segment of the graft was incubated in broth medium and a second segment was ground for 5 min and incubated in broth medium. The presence of abscess formation and anastomotic disruption was assessed. Ten sheep received a gelatin-sealed Dacron graft (control), while nine received the same graft impregnated with rifampicin at a concentration of 1.2mg/ml (treated). Eight of 10 control grafts were infected, with 30 of 50 possible cultures positive, compared with four of nine treatment grafts infected (P= 0.13) and 13 of 45 cultures positive (P= 0.004). The control group had four abscesses and two anastomotic disruptions: the treatment group had no abscesses (P= 0.05) or anastomotic disruptions (P= 0.26). Other organisms were isolated from nine of the 12 infected grafts, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus. There was no development of resistance to rifampicin. Rifampicin-impregnated, gelatin-sealed Dacron is successful at reducing the incidence of S. epidermidis vascular graft infection. Copyright © 1996 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
Perfluorocarbon Emulsion Prevents Eicoasanoid Release in Skeletal Muscle Ischemia and Reperfusion
Authors: Gennaro M. , Mohan C. , Ascer E.
Published: September 2024

Eicosanoids play an important role in mediating deleterious effects following skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury. It has previously been shown that oxygenated perfluorocarbon emulsion (O2 Fluosol-DA 20%) decreases the amount of muscle necrosis and neutrophil sequestration when given during the reperfusion phase following skeletal muscle ischemia. As thromboxane is known to alter the endothelial cytoskeleton, thereby favoring diapedesis of neutrophils, the effects of O2 Fluosol-DA 20% on thromboxane release in a canine gracilis muscle model were investigated. The gracilis muscle on one randomly selected side of 14 adult mongrel dogs (body-weight 22–26 kg) was subjected to 6 h of normothermic ischemia followed by 48 h of normothermic reperfusion. The control group (n = 7) underwent ischemia-reperfusion, but without any pharmacological intervention. The Fluosol group ( n = 7) were infused with O2 Fluosol-DA 20% (4.3(0.2) ml O2/100ml) at 12ml/mln for 40 min via the gracilis artery following the ischemic period. Thromboxane B2 levels were measured from blood samples obtained at pre-ischemia. and at 1h and 48 h of reperfusion. The gracilis muscles were harvested at the end of the experiment and extent of muscle necrosis quantitated by serial transections, nitroblue tetrazolium staining and computed planimetry. The mean(s.e.m.) muscle necrosis in the control group (59(6)%) was significantly higher than in the Fluosol group (22(5)%. P&< 0.05. t-test). Thromboxane levels (pg/ml) in the control group at 1 h of reperfusion were significantly higher than the pre-ischemic and 48-h reperfusion levels (7286(1383) versus 1336(592) and 2314(1297), P< 0.05 by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test). The thromboxane level in the Fluosol group at 1 h reperfusion was significantly lower than the control group (2700(556) and 7286(1383) pg/ml, respectively: P< 0.05, t-test). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference between thromboxane levels in the Fluosol group at 1 h reperfusion compared with levels at pre-ischemia and 48 h reperfusion (2700(556) versus 1336(592) and 1400(474)). Thus, perfluorocarbons are effective in decreasing skeletal muscle necrosis, probably by maintaining the endothelial integrity and preventing vasospasm, secondary to their inhibitory effect on thromboxane release. Perfluorocarbons may also minimize some of the deleterious pulmonary effects known to be caused by increased levels of eicosanoids during reperfusion. Copyright © 1996 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
Penetrating Trauma to the Abdominal Vessels
Authors: Khoury G. , Sfeir R. , Khalifeh M. , Khoury S.J. , Nabbout G.
Published: September 2024

Between January 1975 and December 1989. 1860 patients were admitted to the American University of Beirut Medical Centre with abdominal injuries. Their mean age was 23 years. Of these patients 107 had vascular injuries (an incidence of 6%). Bullets were the most common injurious agents (72%). followed by shrapnel (22%). There were 28 arterial and 113 venous injuries. All patients presented to the emergency unit within 5 h of injury (mean 45 min) and were surgically explored. The overall mortality rate was 36.5%. Patients who were haemodynamically stable had a better outcome than those who presented in shock (P< 0.005). The major cause of death was haemorrhage from uncontrolled bleeding. Two subgroups with a higher mortality were identified: patients with inferior vena caval injury associated with a liver injury had a mortality rate of 78.5%. and those with vascular injury associated with pelvic fracture had a mortality rate of 57% (P< 0.05). Abdominal vascular injuries have a high mortality rate, especially if the inferior vena cava is involved or associated pelvic fractures are present. Prompt resuscitation and control of bleeding are the key to an improved salvage rate. Copyright © 1996 The International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
The psychological impact of supervised quarantine facilities for the mitigation of COVID-19: A systematic review
Authors: Erickson Eric , Bressington Daniel , Mitchell David
Published: September 2024

Background

Government mandated quarantine outside the home was implemented to mitigate COVID-19 in some countries. Individual studies report that this can result in psychological distress. Investigating levels of distress and associated risk factors across different settings would inform public health models of care during future pandemics. However, no previous systematic reviews have been conducted on the topic. Therefore, we systematically reviewed international research on the prevalence and risk factors of psychological distress within supervised quarantine facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted using Medline, Psychological and Behavioural Sciences, Psych Info, Cochrane databases and Google Scholar from January 2020 until June 2023. Relevant quantitative studies published in English were included.

Results

13 studies (pooled participants n = 4366) were included in this review. The prevalence of psychological distress varied widely across the included studies (depression 4%–63%; anxiety 4%–100%; stress 1%–68%). Associated risk factors identified were also heterogeneous between studies and facilities.

Conclusion

In future pandemics, the benefits of infection mitigation need to be weighed against the risk of psychological distress. Models of care utilising specifically designed facilities, with greater freedoms, increased comfort and ease of access to mental health services may limit psychological distress.
Bearing the standard – Prosocial expert leadership is essential for mental healthcare service reform and renewal
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Robson Stephen J
Published: September 2024

There are many identified challenges for mental healthcare services in Australia and New Zealand including design, infrastructure and workforce shortfalls. In the 2024 RANZCP Workforce Report over 75% of trainees and psychiatrists endorsed symptoms of burnout, and over 80% reported that workforce shortages contributed. There is a need for effective leadership to reform and renew healthcare services. Clinical expertise is necessary, but not sufficient for leadership of mental healthcare services through substantial cultural and organisational renewal. Expertise and prosocial skills are needed for effective cultural leadership, based upon expressed generosity and kindness that leads to a corresponding reputation that empowers cooperation. Leaders will need such skills to effect change and improve mental healthcare delivery and patient experiences.
Immersive Simulations in Surgical Training: Analyzing the Interplay Between Virtual and Real-World Environments
Authors: Lawson McLean Aaron , Lawson McLean Anna C.
Published: September 2024

Background

The adoption of immersive simulations in surgical education marks a nuanced shift towards bridging virtual and real-world experiences. Introduced by Johan Huizinga and further explored by Edward Castronova, the “Magic Circle” concept serves as a metaphorical boundary within which the standard constraints of reality are temporarily lifted, allowing for the emergence of unique learning and interaction dynamics. This framework, while new to the field of surgical training, presents a theoretical potential for improving educational outcomes by merging simulated environments with actual surgical operations.

Aim

This study aims to critically assess the introduction of immersive simulations in surgical education, with a particular focus on the interplay between virtual scenarios and their real-world counterparts. It seeks to evaluate the potential of the Magic Circle as a novel conceptual framework for enhancing the educational journey within surgical disciplines.

Method

Through qualitative analysis, this research explores the application of immersive simulation technologies in surgical fields. It examines the Magic Circle concept's influence on these educational paradigms, especially regarding its effect on the efficiency of learning, the transferability of skills, and levels of learner engagement.

Results

This paper proposes that embedding immersive simulations within the Magic Circle framework could lead to improved understanding of surgical procedures and heightened acquisition of skills. This conceptualization suggests a promising avenue for enriching the educational matrix in surgical training, bridging theoretical knowledge with practical application through a novel lens.

Recommendation

The study advises a judicious integration of immersive simulation technologies within surgical training programs, guided by the principles of the Magic Circle. It calls for further empirical research to validate and refine this conceptual approach, with an emphasis on maximizing the utility of immersive learning tools, enhancing the effectiveness of skill transfer, and ensuring an equitable and effective educational experience for all surgical trainees.
A Closer Look: Examining Cultural–Contextual Influences on Weight Management Through Focus Groups With Church-Going African American Women
Authors: Dodgen Leilani , Spence Emily , Kitzman Heather , Ajoku Brittany , Walters Scott T. , Cervantes Diana
Published: September 2024

Chronic diseases continue to rise among African American women making lifestyle programs a critical aspect of risk reduction and disease prevention. Weight management programs often have a reduced impact among African American women compared to White women, in part due to interactions between individual, social, and environmental factors. A secondary analysis of focus group data evaluated how cultural elements and contextual factors identified by church-going African American women influence intervention design, approaches for cultural adaptation, and solutions to weight management. Using the Community Energy Balance framework and the Community-Based Participatory Research model, research questions were formed, and a thematic analysis was conducted using data from six focus groups held in predominately African American churches ( n = 6). Four themes emerged that represent identity and body appearance perspectives inside African American cultural contexts and across social and environmental contexts for how they work as motivators and barriers to health behaviors. These themes provide guidance for intervention approaches that center the experiences and needs of church-going African American women and identify targets for future cultural adaptations. Further work is needed to measure how specific cultural adaptations connect to improving health outcomes and engagement among African American women.
Exposure to Different Motives of Scientists Moderates Responses to Scientific Consensus: The Case of Cultured Meat
Authors: Eom Kimin , Choy Bryan K. C.
Published: September 2024

This research examines how exposure to different motives of scientists affects the impact of scientific consensus on public attitudes toward cultured meat. While scientific consensus on the safety of cultured meat generally increased positive attitudes toward it, this effect depended on information about scientists’ motives. Exposure to information about scientists’ financial motives weakened the positive effect of scientific consensus because it undermined trust in scientists. Information about scientists’ prosocial motives did not influence the scientific consensus effect. These findings suggest that perceived motives can shift trust in experts, thereby affecting the influence of experts on public attitudes.
Inconspicuous Terrorists? Effects of Terrorism News on Attitudes and Stereotypes About Muslims
Authors: Kaskeleviciute Ruta , Knupfer Helena , Matthes Jörg
Published: September 2024

Differentiation between terrorists and Muslims can mitigate the negative effects of terrorism news. In this study, participants were shown Islamist terrorism news in a quota-based 2 (news: differentiated vs. undifferentiated) × 2 (perpetrator characteristics: insider vs. outsider, that is, a threat from within vs. an alien threat) experiment ( N = 444). Exposure to differentiated news increased attitudinal differentiation of Muslims from terrorists, which in turn decreased negative stereotypes but not negative implicit attitudes. There were no differences in effects of exposure to coverage of insider versus outsider terrorists on either stereotypes or implicit attitudes. Stereotypes were strongest when news was differentiated and depicted outsider terrorists.
Fresh Voices and Sneak Peeks at Future Research: Meet Our Emerging Scholars
Authors: Knepper Hillary J.
Published: September 2024

Health and human services administration is a broad tent with ample opportunity to embrace emerging scholars and help them to frame new ideas. The Journal of Health and Human Services Administration aims to continue elevating the visibility of this broad tent, which exists under the even larger tent of public administration. Public service encapsulates an incredibly diverse range of disciplines and management concerns. Yet, the academy can be a challenging arena to navigate. In our efforts to carve out space for new insights we are charged with striking the best balance in our scholarship. In introducing this first issue of our emerging scholars, we have created space for thoughtful reflection about the nature of our discipline and how we welcome, or not, unique and less represented perspectives. Our discipline strives for inclusivity, transparency and relevance. This must extend to our publishing outlets, particularly in terms of peer review and citations. Learning to scan the new literature and diversifying the journals from which we cite our references may result in leveling the citation game. How we engage effectively in building meaningful studies may be argued to require a degree of reflexivity. In other words, the ability to examine one’s own perspectives and assumptions and consider how these impact research study design and implementation from both a personal and functional angle. In reviewing the articles in this issue, I urge you to grow your opportunities to identify new scholars, practitioners and students and mentor them, guide them, and cite their work.
The Looking Glass Framework: Using Virtual Reality and Video Game Simulations to Improve Clinical Decision-Making and Reduce Healthcare Disparities in African Americans
Authors: Fronk Amanda E.
Published: September 2024

A central mission of a healthcare organization is to provide equal access and excellent health outcomes to all populations, regardless of race and ethnicity. However, in the everyday practice of healthcare, organizations have fallen short of this primary tenant. Healthcare disparities in the Black community are well-documented in the literature. Although the reasons are multi-faceted, racial bias contributes to healthcare disparities, and eliminating those disparities should be a chief focus in improving the health and well-being of every community. This paper discusses healthcare disparities in the Black community and the complex cycle that enables gaps to persist despite best efforts among healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the general public. It concludes with a presentation of the Looking Glass Framework; an innovative onboarding and continuing education program using virtual reality and computer-based educational modules to reduce healthcare disparities within clinics, hospitals, and health systems.
Estimation of Systolic and Diastolic Left Ventricular Blood Flow From Derivatives of Transesophageal Echocardiographic 3D Volume Curves in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Jokiel Paul-Michael , Schweizer Thilo , Guensch Dominik P. , Berdajs Denis , Erb Joachim , Bolliger Daniel , Kamber Firmin , Mauermann Eckhard
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To examine whether estimates of peak global systolic (S′) and diastolic (E′) left ventricular (LV) flow rates based on 3D echocardiographic volumes are feasible and match physiology.

Methods

In this retrospective feasibility study, we included patients undergoing major cardiac surgery. S′ and E′ were derived from 190 patients by taking the first derivative of the volume-time relationship of 3D ecg-gated transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) images. To examine the quality of images upon which the estimates of flow were based we correlated intraoperative 3D TEE and preoperative 2D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) volumes. As a proof-of-concept, we then correlated S′ flow with stroke volume and S′ and E′ were compared by valve pathology.

Results

In each of the 190 images, S′ and E′ were derived. There was good correlation between 1) the ejection fraction (EF) of 3D LV images obtained intraoperatively by TEE and preoperatively by TTE (Pearson’s r = 0.65) and also 2) S′ and stroke volume (Pearson’s r = 0.73). Patients with aortic or mitral regurgitation showed higher S′ than patients without valve pathologies (−315 mL/s [95% CI −388 mL/s to −264 mL/s] P = 0.001, −319 mL/s [95% CI −397 mL/s to −246 mL/s] P = 0.001 vs −242 mL/s [95% CI −300 mL/s to −196 mL/s]). These patients also showed higher E′ than patients without valve pathologies (302 mL/s [95% CI 237 mL/s to 384 mL/s] P = 0.006, 341 mL/s [95%CI 227 mL/s to 442 mL/s] P = 0.001 vs 240 mL/s [95%CI 185 mL/s to 315 mL/s]). Patients with aortic stenosis showed no difference in S′ or E’ (−263 mL/s [95%CI −300 mL/s to −212 mL/s] P = 0.793, 255 mL/s [95%CI 188 mL/s to 344 mL/s] P = 0.400).

Conclusions

Estimates of global peak systolic and diastolic LV flow based on 3D TEE are feasible, promising, and match valve pathologies.
Fetal Vertebral Chondrostasis—Significance of Excessive Cartilage in Vertebral Bodies of Newborns
Authors: Gorman Emily , Staffa Steven J. , Kozakewich Harry , Zurakowski David
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

We describe an abnormality in fetal and neonatal vertebral bodies whose most conspicuous characteristic is an increase in cartilaginous matrix within cancellous osseous trabeculae. We have termed this finding fetal chondrostasis (FC).

Methods:

We initiated a retrospective review of autopsy reports in which this condition had been prospectively diagnosed during a 36-year period. The Chalkley point counting method was applied to histologic sections of vertebral bodies to assess the relative components of cartilage, bone, and bone marrow. The results were compared to those of three control groups whose causes of death were prematurity, birth trauma, and infection.

Results:

We found that on average, the cartilaginous content in the FC group was considerably greater in both preterm and term infants when compared to controls. FC seemed to evolve from diminished activity in the cartilaginous growth zone resulting in formation of excessively broad cartilaginous columns. These subsequently suffered from delayed resorption following their incorporation within cancellous bony trabeculae.

Conclusion:

Excess cartilage within cancellous bone of vertebral centra in newborns is merely one aspect of disturbed intrauterine osseous development but is seemingly more readily discernible than other features at this site. The most common clinical correlates for FC were multiple congenital anomalies, congenital heart disease, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, and certain maternal factors.
Study on low-velocity impact response and residual strength of ultralight all-CFRP sandwich structure
Authors: Chu Ziqi , Chen Xiaojian , Tian Shubin , Wu Linzhi , Wu Qianqian , Yu Guocai
Published: September 2024

The all-CFRP sandwich structure with ultralight honeycomb is designed and manufactured by stretching process. Two scenarios, including global and local impact, are considered to reveal the characteristics of impact resistance. The effects of different impact energies and core densities on energy absorption and failure mechanism are thoroughly discussed. Meanwhile, the post-impact residual compressive strength is carried out to evaluate the influence of impact on structural strength and stability. The results show that under the global impact, the impact resistance is related to core density, and the energy absorption is mainly from honeycomb core. While under the local impact, as the impact energy increases, the failure mechanism of the structure changes from core crushing to penetration. The research provides a guidance for low-velocity impact performance and structural optimization design of sandwich structures.
Comparison of peripheral cannula outcomes, ultrasound-guided placement of deep veins versus blind insertion of superficial veins in children aged 0–18 years: A retrospective study
Authors: Refosco Michela , Mazza Alessandro , Divisic Antuan , Binotto Diana , Zamberlan Sara , Schiavon Barbara , Prodomini Beatrice
Published: September 2024

Background:

The clinical use of ultrasound has increased the chances of successful insertion of all venous access devices, including short peripheral cannulas (SPC) and long peripheral catheters (LPC). The aim of the study was to compare the clinical performance of peripheral cannulas inserted using the traditional “blind” technique versus those inserted with ultrasound guidance (US).

Methods:

In this retrospective study we compared 135 peripheral intravenous cannulations (PIVCs) with ultrasound guidance and 135 PIVCs with blind technique, inserted in children (0–18 years) in the emergency department. All devices were inserted using the catheter-over-needle technique. With the blind technique, superficial arm veins were cannulated using SPCs (1.9 cm, 24G; 2.5 cm, 22G; 3.2 cm, 20G), while with US, deeper non-palpable veins were accessed using SPCs of 3.2 cm, 24G; and LPCs of 6.4 cm, 22G; 6.4 cm, 20G.

Results:

The accesses were removed electively in 66% of US-PIVCs, with an average duration of the device of 5.3 ± 4.0 days, but only in 30% of Blind-PIVCs, which presented an average duration of 2.5 ± 1.8 days. The longest dwelling time (8.7 ± 5.1 days) was observed in 20G LPCs inserted with US into the basilic vein of the arm; among Blind-PIVCs, the longest duration (3.0 ± 2.1 days) was observed in 22G SPCs inserted into the cephalic vein at the forearm. The most commonly encountered complication in both groups was accidental dislodgment.

Conclusions:

PIVCs with ultrasound guidance were apparently more effective than the blind ones, reducing the number of successive cannulations. Additionally, LPCs, with their greater length compared to SPCs, have proven to be more durable and may be recommended as emergency venous access in children requiring peripheral access for 4–15 days. Dislodgement should be reduced by improving the securement of the device.
When we learn together: Teachers and students as co-practitioners of learning and living through exploratory practice
Authors: Maciel Beatriz de Souza Andrade , Nunes Diego Fernandes Coelho , Ribeiro Côrtes Thelma Christina
Published: September 2024

In this article, we address collegiality among students and teachers and its potential for promoting meaningful experiences in teaching-learning processes. We analyse episodes drawn from the pedagogical practices of two of the authors of this text, who have taught English (Episode 1) and Portuguese (Episode 2). These episodes took place in two Brazilian public sector schools located in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Throughout our discussion, as Brazilian teacher-researchers, we align ourselves with studies on teaching-learning and language teacher education developed by the Exploratory Practice Group of Rio de Janeiro, with studies on autoethnography, as well as with the theoretical-analytical tools of narrative studies. As a result, we found that teaching proposals that encourage collaboration between students and teachers can promote meaningful experiences in the teaching-learning process. These proposals may not be easily negotiated due to power relations in the interactions between teachers and students.
Smoking and snus use among youth: A longitudinal analysis of risk factors and socioeconomic profile
Authors: Lund Ingeborg , Sæbø Gunnar
Published: September 2024

Background:

Norwegian youth smoking has, to a larger extent than snus use, been associated with lower socioeconomic strata, and research has pointed at ideas in the youth population about the popularity and normality of snus use that are not found for smoking. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and other risk factors with snus use and smoking among people in their late teens.

Methods:

Based on data from the longitudinal MyLife school survey, collected in five yearly waves between 2017 and 2021 ( N = 1830, age 16.8–20.6 years in 2021, 64% girls), logistic regressions were performed with monthly snus use and smoking as dependents, and parents’ education, psychological characteristics and earlier smoking or snus use as independent variables.

Results:

High socioeconomic status (parents’ education) was associated with less smoking and snus use also after controlling for psychological characteristics and earlier smoking and snus use. Higher age increased the risk of snus use and reduced the risk of smoking.

Conclusions:

Youth snus use and smoking are associated with lower socioeconomic background. This supports the idea that snus use may have lost some of its position as a mainstream activity among youth.
The use of the e-SUS Território mobile application in the work of community health workers in Brazil
Authors: Celuppi IC , Prado RLC , Mohr ETB , Mioto F , Oliveira JMD , Felisberto M , Hammes JF , Wazlawick RS , Dalmarco EM
Published: September 2024

Objective: Community health workers work directly in the communities and are the intermediaries between the population’s needs and the primary health care teams. Their work focuses on health education and preventing diseases and disorders, accompanying citizens, families, and households in a particular neighborhood. This study sought to analyze the use of the e-SUS Território application in the work of community health workers in Brazil. Methods: Usability data extracted from Google Analytics from 2019 to 2022 were analyzed, including productivity indicators, number and location of users, and engagement. An overview of the application’s main features was also provided. Results: The application is an important work tool used by these professionals, who stopped using printed sheets to record their activities and began recording them in a digital, unified, asynchronous way anywhere in Brazil, regardless of internet connectivity. The application had 425,000 active users in 2022, reaching 141,000 monthly active users in June of the same year, representing 54.8% of all community health workers in Brazil. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the wide and exponential adherence of the e-SUS Território application over the years and the increase in the productivity of professionals who use it, facilitating and encouraging the recording of health information.
Authentic perception experience of tourists in traditional agricultural cultural heritage village: Scale development and validation
Authors: Jv Xiaolin , Liu Xuemei , Wang Feng
Published: September 2024

With the development of agricultural heritage tourism, traditional villages, as. Representatives of agricultural cultural heritage, have become a focal point in academia. However, existing research has not yet clarified the mechanism behind the formation of tourists’ perceived authenticity in traditional agricultural cultural heritage village, and the quantitative indicators for this perception are also unclear. Therefore, this paper conducted two studies based on Azheke Village in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province. Study 1, building on a clear understanding of tourists’ perceived authenticity in traditional villages, used a grounded theory approach to construct the mechanism of tourists’ perceived authenticity in traditional agricultural cultural heritage village. Building upon the findings of Study 1, Study 2 followed a standardized scale development process, developing and testing a perceived authenticity scale for traditional village tourists that included five dimensions: natural ecology, interpersonal interaction, nostalgia, narrative continuity, and psychological compatibility. The scale developed in this paper provides a tool foundation for future research on tourists’ perceived authenticity in traditional agricultural cultural heritage village, and the results of scale predictive utility testing provide positive empirical evidence for future related research.