bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chinese coal mining – an analysis with particular regard to the interests of German mining equipment suppliers / Chinesischer Steinkohlenbergbau – Eine Standortbestimmung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Interessen deutscher Bergbauzulieferer
Authors: v. Hartlieb‐Wallthor Peter
Published: October 2014

This report examines the current status and the multifaceted developments in the Chinese coal industry. It is to be made clear that, despite current upheavals, it is worthwhile to treat the market seriously and sustainably. Important factors for the success of business include the well‐functioning application of references to demonstrate cross‐system functionality. Promoting economic cooperation between SMEs is important to both the German and the Chinese governments. The Chinese mining industry itself is facing major challenges: solving the as‐yet‐to‐be‐completed price reform, a fragmented production structure, poorly balanced economic fundamentals and an insufficient safety standard put strains on its image. Furthermore, environmental damage must be counteracted. Overall, various factors are still making China's coal market inefficient. Above all, however, the continuous conflict between the mining industry, electricity producers and the railway is taking its toll.

Der Bericht beleuchtet den aktuellen Status und die vielfacettierte Bewegung in der Kohlenbranche Chinas. Es soll deutlich gemacht werden, dass es sich trotz gegenwärtiger Umbrüche lohnt, den Markt ernsthaft und nachhaltig zu bearbeiten. Als wichtige Erfolgsfaktoren für Geschäftsabschlüsse dienen gut funktionierende Referenzeinsätze zur Demonstration einer systemübergreifenden Funktionalität. Für die deutsche und chinesische Regierungen kommt der Förderung von Wirtschaftskooperationen von KMU beider Länder Bedeutung bei. Der chinesische Bergbau steht selbst vor großen Herausforderungen: Die Lösung der immer noch nicht abgeschlossenen Preisreform, eine fragmentierte Produktionsstruktur, unausgewogene wirtschaftliche Grundlagen und ein unzureichender Sicherheitsstandard belasten das Image. Auch Umweltschäden gilt es zu bekämpfen. Diverse Faktoren machen Chinas Kohlenmarkt in Summe immer noch ineffizient. Vor allem jedoch schlägt ein Dauerkonflikt zwischen der Förderindustrie, den Stromerzeugern und der Eisenbahn zu Buche.
Raw materials efficiency in mining. Instruments to increase efficiency in the extraction of raw materials / Stellhebel zur Steigerung der Effizienz in der Gewinnung mineralischer Rohstoffe. Rohstoffeffizienz in der Rohstoffgewinnung
Authors: Martens Per Nicolai , Lehnen Felix , Winter Bastian
Published: October 2014

This paper is based on a presentation on “Raw Material Efficiency in Mining”, given on November 28, 2013 in the context of the “Raw Material Efficiency Prize” in Berlin. Following an overview of the various efficiency terms on this topic, instruments are identified which create framework conditions that permit the efficient extraction of raw materials. The aspects considered are deposits, politics, education, technology and research. Their influence on efficient raw materials extraction is described and current examples and challenges in raw materials extraction are then listed.

Die vorliegenden Ausführungen basieren auf einem Vortrag zu “Rohstoffeffizienz in der Rohstoffgewinnung”, der am 28. November 2013 im Rahmen der Verleihung des “Rohstoffeffizienz‐Preises” in Berlin gehalten worden ist. Nach einem Überblick über die verschiedenen Effizienz‐Begriffe in diesem Themenfeld werden verschiedene Stellhebel aufgezeigt, die Rahmenbedingungen schaffen, um effiziente Rohstoffgewinnung zu ermöglichen. Betrachtet werden in diesem Spannungsfeld die Aspekte Lagerstätte, Politik, Ausbildung, Technologie und Forschung. Ihr Einfluss auf effiziente Rohstoffgewinnung wird aufgezeigt, und aktuelle Beispiele und Herausforderungen für die Rohstoffgewinnung werden genannt.
A coal‐based strategy to reduce Europe's dependence on Russian energy imports
Authors: Bezdek Roger
Published: October 2014

Europe is dangerously dependent on Russian natural gas (NG): 13 European nations rely on Russian NG for over 50 % of their requirements. In addition, Europe relies on Russia for about one third of its oil imports.

Europe is acutely aware of this high level of energy dependence, which has been, once again, highlighted by the Ukrainian crisis. The European Council March 2014 Brussels Summit Meeting focused on Europe's energy dependence on Russia, especially for NG. The Summit recommended that efforts be intensified to reduce Europe's gas energy dependency and that the EU accelerate diversification of its energy supply. However, via a carefully thought out strategy, Europe can significantly reduce its dependence on Russian energy supplies through greater utilization of clean coal.
Prediction of adolescent and adult adiposity outcomes from early life anthropometrics
Authors: Graversen Lise , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Gerds Thomas A. , Petersen Liselotte , Sovio Ulla , Kaakinen Marika , Sandbaek Annelli , Laitinen Jaana , Taanila Anja , Pouta Anneli , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Obel Carsten
Published: October 2014

Objectives

Maternal body mass index (BMI), birth weight, and preschool BMI may help identify children at high risk of overweight as they are (1) similarly linked to adolescent overweight at different stages of the obesity epidemic, (2) linked to adult obesity and metabolic alterations, and (3) easily obtainable in health examinations in young children. The aim was to develop early childhood prediction models of adolescent overweight, adult overweight, and adult obesity.

Methods

Prediction models at various ages in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort born in 1966 (NFBC1966) were developed. Internal validation was tested using a bootstrap design, and external validation was tested for the model predicting adolescent overweight using the Northern Finland Birth Cohort born in 1986 (NFBC1986).

Results

A prediction model developed in the NFBC1966 to predict adolescent overweight, applied to the NFBC1986, and aimed at labelling 10% as “at risk” on the basis of anthropometric information collected until 5 years of age showed that half of those at risk in fact did become overweight. This group constituted one‐third of all who became overweight.

Conclusions

Our prediction model identified a subgroup of children at very high risk of becoming overweight, which may be valuable in public health settings dealing with obesity prevention.
Physical characteristics associated with weight misperception among overweight and obese men: NHANES 1999–2006
Authors: Lewis Dwight W. , Dutton Gareth R. , Affuso Olivia
Published: October 2014

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the prevalence of weight misperception among overweight and obese men with total body fat levels ≥ 25%, and (2) examine associations of weight misperception with anthropometric and body composition measures.

Methods

Data came from 4,200 overweight or obese men from the 1999 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weight misperception was operationalized as having a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry‐derived total body fat percentage ≥25% and classifying oneself as either “underweight” or “about right weight.” Logistic regression was used to determine physical characteristics associated with weight misperception.

Results

Weight misperception was highest among Mexican American (35.9%) followed by Black (30.8%) and White men (22.9%). Physical characteristics (OR, 95% CI) associated with weight misperception were decreased arm fat (0.95, 0.91‐0.98), being overweight (9.02, 5.34‐15.24), and having a waist circumference ≤ 94 cm (2.31, 1.72‐3.09).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that future research should include a measure of adiposity in the operationalization of weight misperception among male populations.
Post‐thrombotic syndrome after central venous catheter removal in childhood cancer survivors: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Polen E. , Weintraub M. , Stoffer C. , Jaffe D.H. , Burger A. , Revel‐Vilk S.
Published: October 2014

Background

Although the use of central venous catheters (CVCs) has greatly improved the quality of care of children with cancer, these catheters increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and the potential long‐term complication of post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS). We aimed to study PTS post‐CVC removal using physical, functional and health related quality of life (HRQoL) domains in childhood cancer and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) survivors.

Procedure

We conducted a prospective study in a cohort of childhood cancer and BMT survivors post‐CVC use. Participants were evaluated for PTS with the Modified Villalta Score (MVS) and the Manco‐Johnson Instrument (MJI). HRQoL was assessed using the PedsQL™ questionnaire.

Results

A total of 158 children were enrolled at a median of 41 (4–149) months from CVC removal. Signs and symptoms of PTS were present in 34% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27–43%) (MVS criteria) and 30.5% (95% CI 23.1–37.8%) (MJI criteria). Diagnosis of PTS was associated with history of CVC occlusion, history of CVC‐related DVT and the use of ≥2 CVCs. The presence of signs and symptoms of PTS was a predictor for low HRQoL tested by the PedsQL™ Total Scale scores and Physical Health Summary scores.

Conclusions

PTS post‐CVC removal in pediatric cancer survivors is not a rare event. The association between PTS and the history of CVC occlusion confirms earlier findings, and suggests that CVC occlusion may indicate asymptomatic DVT. PTS is also associated with lower HRQoL scores highlighting the need to study preventive measures, especially for high risk groups. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:285–290. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Urinary prostate protein glycosylation profiling as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer
Authors: Vermassen Tijl , Van Praet Charles , Lumen Nicolaas , Decaestecker Karel , Vanderschaeghe Dieter , Callewaert Nico , Villeirs Geert , Hoebeke Piet , Van Belle Simon , Rottey Sylvie , Delanghe Joris
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

Serum prostate‐specific antigen (sPSA) measurement is widely used as opportunistic screening tool for prostate cancer (PCa). sPSA suffers from considerable sensitivity and specificity problems, particularly in the diagnostic gray zone (sPSA 4–10 µg/L). Furthermore, sPSA is not able to discriminate between poorly‐, moderately‐, and well‐differentiated PCa. We investigated prostatic protein glycosylation profiles as a potential PCa biomarker.

METHODS

Differences in total urine N‐glycosylation profile of prostatic proteins were determined between healthy volunteers (n = 54), patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH; n = 93) and newly diagnosed PCa patients (n = 74). Variations in N‐glycosylation profile and prostate volume were combined into one urinary glycoprofile marker (UGM). Additionally, differences in N‐glycosylation were identified between Gleason <7, =7, and >7.

RESULTS

The UGM was able to discriminate BPH from PCa, overall and in the diagnostic gray zone (P < 0.001). The UGM showed comparable diagnostic accuracy to sPSA, but gave an additive diagnostic value to sPSA (P < 0.001). In the diagnostic gray zone the UGM performed significantly better than sPSA (P < 0.001). A significant difference was found in core‐fucosylation of biantennary structures and overall core‐fucosylation of multiantennary structures between Gleason < 7 and Gleason > 7 (P = 0.010 and P = 0.020, respectively) and between Gleason = 7 and Gleason > 7 (P = 0.011 and P = 0.025, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The UGM shows high potential as PCa biomarker, particularly in the diagnostic gray zone. Further research is needed to validate these findings. Prostate 75:314–322, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure and specificity of FEN‐1 from Methanopyrus kandleri
Authors: Shah Santosh , Dunten Pete , Stiteler Amanda , Park Chad K. , Horton Nancy C.
Published: October 2014

DNA repair is fundamental to genome stability and is found in all three domains of life. However many archaeal species, such as Methanopyrus kandleri, contain only a subset of the eukaryotic nucleotide excision repair (NER) homologs, and those present often contain significant differences compared to their eukaryotic homologs. To clarify the role of the NER XPG‐like protein Mk0566 from M. kandleri, its biochemical activity and three‐dimensional structure were investigated. Both were found to be more similar to human FEN‐1 than human XPG, suggesting a biological role in replication and long‐patch base excision repair rather than in NER. Proteins 2015; 83:188–194. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure of a cupin protein Plu4264 from Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1 at 1.35 Å resolution
Authors: Weerth R. Sophia , Michalska Karolina , Bingman Craig A. , Yennamalli Ragothaman M. , Li Hui , Jedrzejczak Robert , Wang Fengbin , Babnigg Gyorgy , Joachimiak Andrzej , Thomas Michael G. , Phillips George N.
Published: October 2014

Proteins belonging to the cupin superfamily have a wide range of catalytic and noncatalytic functions. Cupin proteins commonly have the capacity to bind a metal ion with the metal frequently determining the function of the protein. We have been investigating the function of homologous cupin proteins that are conserved in more than 40 species of bacteria. To gain insights into the potential function of these proteins we have solved the structure of Plu4264 from Photorhabdus luminescens TTO1 at a resolution of 1.35 Å and identified manganese as the likely natural metal ligand of the protein. Proteins 2015; 83:383–388. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tamoxifen, an anticancer drug, is an activator of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1
Authors: Belmont‐Díaz Javier A. , Calleja‐Castañeda Luis F. , Yoval‐Sánchez Belem , Rodríguez‐Zavala José S.
Published: October 2014

The modulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity has been suggested as a promising option for the prevention or treatment of many diseases. To date, only few activating compounds of ALDHs have been described. In this regard, N‐(1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐ylmethyl)−2,6‐dichlorobenzamide has been used to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion damage. In the search for new modulating ALDH molecules, the binding capability of different compounds to the active site of human aldehyde dehydrogenase class 1A1 (ALDH1A1) was analyzed by molecular docking, and their ability to modulate the activity of the enzyme was tested. Surprisingly, tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist used for breast cancer treatment, increased the activity and decreased the Km for NAD+ by about twofold in ALDH1A1. No drug effect on human ALDH2 or ALDH3A1 was attained, showing that tamoxifen was specific for ALDH1A1. Protection against thermal denaturation and competition with daidzin suggested that tamoxifen binds to the aldehyde site of ALDH1A1, resembling the interaction of N‐(1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐ylmethyl)−2,6‐dichlorobenzamide with ALDH2. Further kinetic analysis indicated that tamoxifen activation may be related to an increase in the Kd for NADH, favoring a more rapid release of the coenzyme, which is the rate‐limiting step of the reaction for this isozyme. Therefore, tamoxifen might improve the antioxidant response, which is compromised in some diseases. Proteins 2015; 83:105–116. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prescribing for diabetes: England, 2005/06–2013/14
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: October 2014

Steve Chaplin analyses the statistics for drugs prescribed for diabetes in England between 2005/06 and 2013/14, which reveal that prescribing and spending continues to rise in this therapeutic area.
Ferrocene encapsulation in carbon nanotubes: Various methods of filling and investigation [Phys. Status Solidi B 248(11), 2512–2515 (2011)]
Authors: Kocsis Dorina , Kaptás Dénes , Botos Ákos , Pekker Áron , Kamarás Katalin
Published: October 2014

The frequency axis of Fig. 3 is corrected.
Orthographic, Phonological, and Morphological Skills and Children's Word Reading in Arabic: A Literature Review
Authors: Al Ghanem Reem , Kearns Devin M.
Published: October 2014

Current Arabic reading instruction places strong emphasis on orthographic skills and little emphasis on phonological and morphological skills. Yet, the role of each skill in reading development in Arabic is not well understood. The purpose of this literature review was to examine the degree to which children learning to read in Arabic use orthographic, phonological, and morphological skills when they pronounce Arabic words. We conducted a comprehensive literature search and located 12 studies that examined the relation between these three skills and Arabic word reading for students in grades K–12. Sublexical orthographic skills were associated with Arabic word reading, especially in reading vowelized text. Phonological skills had the strongest relation with reading Arabic words of the three skills, across vowelized and unvowelized texts, and in grades 1–5. Morphological skills were examined in very few studies, but there was some evidence of association with word reading in skilled readers. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to the design of two national curricula for teaching beginning Arabic reading.
Denial‐of‐service in content centric (named data) networking: a tutorial and state‐of‐the‐art survey
Authors: Aamir Muhammad , Zaidi Syed Mustafa Ali
Published: October 2014

Content centric networking (CCN) is a paradigm shift from current Internet protocol‐address‐based communication model to content‐oriented model in computer networks. Like traditional networks, it is identified that CCN is also vulnerable to many security threats including denial‐of‐service (DoS). This fact has recently caught a considerable attention in research community while different proposals of defense are being published. In this paper, we provide a literature review on different types of possible DoS attacks in CCN and their proposed countermeasures. DoS attacks can be triggered in CCN to exhaust resources within a CCN router or the ultimate content source(s). Two characteristics of CCN, that is, state maintenance of forwarded requests in a router using pending interest table and the fact that a response (content) follows the same path in reverse direction through which the corresponding request (interest) travels have been taken as major advantages to fight against DoS attacks in CCN under different proposed approaches. This survey makes a contribution by (a) highlighting state‐of‐the‐art work in a tutorial manner on the exploration of different DoS attacks and their countermeasures in CCN, (b) identifying some potential problems of current CCN features and existing proposals of defense, and (c) forecasting and providing an overview of a few possible future techniques to help researchers fight against CCN‐DoS attacks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seed‐Induced Growth of Flower‐Like Au–Ni–ZnO Metal–Semiconductor Hybrid Nanocrystals for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Chen Yuanzhi , Zeng Deqian , Cortie Michael B. , Dowd Annette , Guo Huizhang , Wang Junbao , Peng Dong‐Liang
Published: October 2014

The combination of metal and semiconductor components in nanoscale to form a hybrid nanocrystal provides an important approach for achieving advanced functional materials with special optical, magnetic and photocatalytic functionalities. Here, a facile solution method is reported for the synthesis of Au–Ni–ZnO metal–semiconductor hybrid nanocrystals with a flower‐like morphology and multifunctional properties. This synthetic strategy uses noble and magnetic metal Au@Ni nanocrystal seeds formed in situ to induce the heteroepitaxial growth of semiconducting ZnO nanopyramids onto the surface of metal cores. Evidence of epitaxial growth of ZnO{0001} facets on Ni {111} facets is observed on the heterojunction, even though there is a large lattice mismatch between the semiconducting and magnetic components. Adjustment of the amount of Au and Ni precursors can control the size and composition of the metal core, and consequently modify the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and magnetic properties. Room‐temperature superparamagnetic properties can be achieved by tuning the size of Ni core. The as‐prepared Au–Ni–ZnO nanocrystals are strongly photocatalytic and can be separated and re‐cycled by virtue of their magnetic properties. The simultaneous combination of plasmonic, semiconducting and magnetic components within a single hybrid nanocrystal furnishes it multifunctionalities that may find wide potential applications.
Power and Public Chambers in the development of civil society in Russia
Authors: Stuvøy Kirsti
Published: October 2014

Embodying a state vision of how civil society ought to function and be designed by the authorities, Public Chambers in Russia have been criticized as means of state control. This state dominance is the starting point in this article, which asks what room to manoeuvre a regional Public Chamber has. Drawing upon fieldwork this article examines how members and local observers of the Public Chamber give meaning to this activity. The analysis assesses the role of state dominance, discussion of routines and responses to local demands, and concludes that these incremental developments form civil society in Russia.
Involuntary relocation and safe transfer of care home residents: a model of risks and opportunities in residents' experiences
Authors: LEYLAND ANNA F. , SCOTT JASON , DAWSON PAM
Published: October 2014

Few studies explore the application of literature on care home closures in practice or how it can influence residents' experiences. The aim of this study was to investigate from multiple perspectives how a protocol, designed by a local council for the involuntary relocation and safe transfer of older adult residents, was adhered to and the influence that the protocol had on the experiences of residents who relocated from two care homes. Interviews were conducted with 34 stakeholders, including relocated residents (N=11), relatives (N=2), care home staff (N=13), managers (N=6) and advocates (N=2), and analysed using framework analysis. The protocol covered key aspects of guidelines extracted from research evidence grouped into four themes:involvement; staff approaches; preparation; andconsistency and familiarity, with the majority of the guidelines being followed in practice. Two further themes that centred on theprocesses of transitional adjustmentandimpact of relocationwere influenced by the protocol but were also mediated by factors relating to the environment and the resident. Involvement of residents, relatives and advocates, extensive planning and a person-centred approach were of particular importance in improving residents' experiences of relocation. A model that places residents' experiences at the centre of relocations is proposed, which draws on and applies the themes identified in this study and applies them within the context of opportunities and risks.
Partitions of large unbalanced bipartites
Authors: BUREAUX JULIEN
Published: October 2014

We compute the asymptotic behaviour of the number of partitions of large vectors (n1, n2) of ℤ+2 in the critical regime n1 ≍ √n2 and in the subcritical regime n1 = o(√n2). This work completes the results established in the fifties by Auluck, Nanda and Wright.
The HighScore suite
Authors: Degen Thomas , Sadki Mustapha , Bron Egbert , König Uwe , Nénert Gwilherm
Published: October 2014

HighScore with the Plus option (HighScore Plus) is the commercial powder diffraction analysis software from PANalytical. It has been in constant development over the last 13 years and has evolved into a very complete and mature product. In this paper, we present a brief overview of the suite focusing on the latest additions and its user-friendliness. The introduction briefly touches some basic ideas behind HighScore and the Plus option.
Evaluation of genetic variations at glutenin loci in Korean wheat landraces using allele-specific DNA markers
Authors: Ahn Jeong Hwan , Lee Soo-Kyung , Park Chul Soo
Published: October 2014

The allelic variations at glutenin loci could significantly affect the bread baking quality, and specific glutenin alleles might be closely associated with greater gluten strength, which, in turn, is related to superior bread baking quality. In this study, allelic variations at Glu-1, Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci were evaluated in 222 Korean wheat landraces using gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers. Ten alleles were identified at Glu-1 loci. Glu-A1c, Glu-B1b, and Glu-D1a or Glu-D1f alleles were predominantly found at the respective loci and their frequencies were 86.5, 87.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. Seven Korean wheat landraces carried the Glu-D1d allele, and only one Korean wheat landrace (IT173162) achieved 10 points for the Glu-1 score. Fifteen alleles were identified at Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci; Glu-A3c and Glu-B3d or Glu-B3i alleles were commonly found at the respective loci and their frequencies were 77.0, 33.3 and 37.8 %, respectively. Glu-B3 alleles exhibited the highest genetic diversity than other alleles, while Glu-B1 and Glu-A1 alleles exhibited the lowest genetic diversity than other alleles. Twenty Korean wheat landraces had the Glu-A3d and Glu-B3b, Glu-B3d, Glu-B3f, Glu-B3g or Glu-B3i alleles, which were correlated with superior bread baking quality. Among these wheat lines, two (IT59787 and IT236544) carried the Glu-D1d allele.
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy in human colon cancer
Authors: Song X , Kim S-Y , Zhang L , Tang D , Bartlett D L , Kwon Y T , Lee Y J
Published: October 2014

Unresectable colorectal liver metastases remain a major unresolved issue and more effective novel regimens are urgently needed. While screening synergistic drug combinations for colon cancer therapy, we identified a novel multidrug treatment for colon cancer: chemotherapeutic agent melphalan in combination with proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor rapamycin. We investigated the mechanisms of synergistic antitumor efficacy during the multidrug treatment. All experiments were performed with highly metastatic human colon cancer CX-1 and HCT116 cells, and selected critical experiments were repeated with human colon cancer stem Tu-22 cells and mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cells. We used immunochemical techniques to investigate a cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy during the multidrug treatment. We observed that melphalan triggered apoptosis, bortezomib induced apoptosis and autophagy, rapamycin caused autophagy and the combinatorial treatment-induced synergistic apoptosis, which was mediated through an increase in caspase activation. We also observed that mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the combination was linked with altered cellular metabolism, which induced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, resulting in Beclin-1 phosphorylated at Ser 93/96. Interestingly, Beclin-1 phosphorylated at Ser 93/96 is sufficient to induce Beclin-1 cleavage by caspase-8, which switches off autophagy to achieve the synergistic induction of apoptosis. Similar results were observed with the essential autophagy gene, autophagy-related protein 7, -deficient MEF cells. The multidrug treatment-induced Beclin-1 cleavage was abolished in Beclin-1 double-mutant (D133A/D146A) knock-in HCT116 cells, restoring the autophagy-promoting function of Beclin-1 and suppressing the apoptosis induced by the combination therapy. These observations identify a novel mechanism for AMPK-induced apoptosis through interplay between autophagy and apoptosis.
Bone tissue regeneration: the role of scaffold geometry
Authors: Zadpoor Amir A.
Published: October 2014

A review of how the geometrical design of scaffolds influences the bone tissue regeneration process.
Recent progress in magnetic iron oxide–semiconductor composite nanomaterials as promising photocatalysts
Authors: Wu Wei , Changzhong Jiang Changzhong Jiang , Roy Vellaisamy A. L.
Published: October 2014

Photocatalytic degradation of toxic organic pollutants is a challenging tasks in ecological and environmental protection.
A facile approach to spirocyclic 2-azido indolines via azidation of indoles with ceric ammonium nitrate
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Mao , Li Qi , Tian Hua , Shi Yian
Published: October 2014

This paper describes azidation of indoles with NaN3 and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN), giving a variety of spirocyclic 2-azido indolines in good yields and moderate diastereoselectivities.
Synthetic approach towards ‘click’ modified chalcone based organotriethoxysilanes; UV-Vis study
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Singh Jandeep , Mangat Satinderpal Singh , Arora Aanchal
Published: October 2014

The efficient linkage of a conjugate chalcone to n-propyltriethoxysilanes via a 1,2,3-triazole is reported. The synthesis involves a Claisen–Schmidt condensation followed by a copper(i) catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction.
Fabrication of a fayalite@C nanocomposite with superior lithium storage for lithium ion battery anodes
Authors: Zhang Qingtang , Ge Songwang , Xue Hongtao , Wang Xiaomei , Sun Hanxue , Li An
Published: October 2014

Fayalite (α-Fe2SiO4) with an orthorhombic crystalline structure delivers an initial discharge/charge capacity of 849.0 mA h g−1/514.5 mA h g−1 and a second discharge/charge capacity of 504.9 mA h g−1/489.5 mA h g−1 at a current rate of 0.1 C.
Understanding the selectivity in the formation of δ-lactams vs. β-lactams in the Staudinger reactions of chloro-cyan-ketene with unsaturated imines. A DFT study
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Sáez José A.
Published: October 2014

Selectivity in the formation of δ-lactams vs. β-lactams in the Staudinger reactions of chloro-cyan-ketene with unsaturated imines.
Spiropyran-decorated light-responsive amphiphilic poly(α-hydroxy acids) micelles constructed via a CuAAC reaction
Authors: Niu Yile , Li Yefei , Lu Yanbing , Xu Weijian
Published: October 2014

Light-responsive amphiphilic poly(α-hydroxy acids) with pendent spiropyran chromophore was synthesized and the resultant micelles assembled in aqueous solution presented excellent light-response.
A benzimidazolium-based new flexible cleft built on the piperazine unit: a case of selective fluorometric sensing of ATP
Authors: Ghosh Kumaresh , Tarafdar Debojyoti , Samadder Asmita , Khuda-Bukhsh Anisur Rahman
Published: October 2014

A benzimidazole-based compound1which is highly selective and sensitive towards ATP over ADP and AMP in CH3CN/H2O (1 : 1, v/v, using 10 mM HEPES buffer, pH 6.4) has been designed and synthesized. Compound1can detect the presence of ATP in Human cervical cancer cells (HeLa).
Self-disproportionation of enantiomers of thalidomide and its fluorinated analogue via gravity-driven achiral chromatography: mechanistic rationale and implications
Authors: Maeno Mayaka , Tokunaga Etsuko , Yamamoto Takeshi , Suzuki Toshiya , Ogino Yoshiyuki , Ito Emi , Shiro Motoo , Asahi Toru , Shibata Norio
Published: October 2014

We report on the self-disproportionation of enantiomers of non-racemic thalidomide (1) and 3′-fluorothalidomide (2) under achiral chromatography.
One-dimensional nanostructured design of Li1+x(Mn1/3Ni1/3Fe1/3)O2 as a dual cathode for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Kalluri Sujith , Pang Wei Kong , Seng Kuok Hau , Chen Zhixin , Guo Zaiping , Liu Hua Kun , Dou Shi Xue
Published: October 2014

Potential use of Li1+x(Mn1/3Ni1/3Fe1/3)O2 hierarchical nanofibers as a cathode material in both lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries.
Formation chemistry of perovskites with mixed iodide/chloride content and the implications on charge transport properties
Authors: Ng Tsz-Wai , Chan Chiu-Yee , Lo Ming-Fai , Guan Zhi Qiang , Lee Chun-Sing
Published: October 2014

We study the formation chemistry of Cl-doped perovskites by examining the chemical interactions between thermally evaporated MAI and PbCl2through X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.
Interprofessional Case-Based Problem-Solving: Learning from the CLARION Experience
Authors: Goldberg Lynette R. , Koontz Jennifer Scott
Published: October 2014

Students who aspire to a career in health care need to be educated in the practical requirements of effective health care. These requirements are premised on understanding the perspective of the patient, appreciating and respecting the contributions of the range of the professions involved in health care, and being able to work and communicate effectively with all stakeholders. These competencies are best achieved through interprofessional, case-based education. The positive outcomes of students' experiences in the national CLARION competition stimulated the development of a series of interprofessional, case-based seminars to expose more students to this valuable form of experiential learning. This paper provides an example of how faculty from different professions can work together to develop their own case-based seminars using standardized patients to provide students with valuable interprofessional learning and research opportunities. Both the steps involved in the development and implementation of the seminars and lessons learned are described for faculty seeking interprofessional simulation experiences for students.
Interprofessional Education at Seton Hall University
Authors: Neubauer Natalie P. , Dayalu Vikram N. , Shulman Brian B. , Zipp Genevieve Pinto
Published: October 2014

Over the last 3 years, The School of Health and Medical Sciences (SHMS) at Seton Hall University has embarked on implementing an Interprofessional Education (IPE) framework to educate students in 5 of its professional graduate health science programs. The goals of this framework are to (1) educate faculty, students, practitioners, and staff on the value of interprofessional education and (2) create student clinical experiential learning opportunities that foster development of core competencies necessary to become effective, collaborative members of interprofessional teams. A Structured Immersion Approach (SIA) was adopted to implement 4 core IPE experiences for all students in the health sciences program. As 1 of the 5 health science programs in SHMS, the Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology (MS-SLP) program has actively supported the schoolwide IPE initiatives by adding IPE-related content to its didactic courses, clinical experiential training opportunities, and community service activities. Schoolwide and program-specific IPE experiences are outlined with an emphasis on the sequencing of these experiences for MS-SLP students.
Electroless plating route to the synthesis of glass microspheres/copper composites with excellent conductivity
Authors: Zhou Ruihua , Xu Chunju , Chen Huiyu , Liu Guilin , Liu Yaqing
Published: October 2014

A versatile electroless copper plating method for the fabrication of Cu‐coated glass microspheres was successfully developed using hydrazine hydrate as the reducing reagent. To obtain the best morphology and electrical conductivity of Cu‐coated glass microspheres, some main synthetic factors including the concentration of copper salt, volume of aqueous ammonia and bath temperature were investigated in detail. The crystal structure and shape of the copper layer were characterised by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope techniques. The result showed that the glass microspheres with a uniform copper coating exhibited a face‐centred cubic crystal structure and an excellent volume resistivity (ρν) of 4.28 × 10−4 Ω·cm. This method could also be extended for the fabrication of Ag‐ and Co‐coated glass microspheres with superior conductivity.
Optimal design of organic–inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell based on a‐Si:H and organic photovoltaics for high efficiency
Authors: Kim Hyeok , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Kim Taehee , Jung Hee‐Suk , Koo Bonkee , Song Dong‐Seok , Kim SeongMin , Ko Min Jae , Lee Doh‐Kwon , Kim Do‐Kyung , Kang Shin‐Won , Bae Jin‐Hyuk
Published: October 2014

Thin‐film solar cells based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) and conjugated polymers have been studied extensively. However, organic–inorganic hybrid tandem solar cells incorporating the two materials as subcells are yet to be extensively studied. Here, a computational study on the optimal design of organic–inorganic hybrid tandem solar cells to achieve the maximum possible efficiency is presented. The optical simulations predict the optimal design of an organic–inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell, desirable for a wide range of spectral response and high efficiency. The optimum combination of thicknesses of a‐Si:H and organic photovoltaic (OPV) subcells to achieve the highest possible efficiency in terms of short circuit current (Jsc) is determined. Thicknesses of 400 and 140 nm for a‐Si:H and OPV subcells, respectively, are suggested for the optimised tandem solar cell to achieve current matching and a maximum power conversion efficiency of 11.57%.
Dissociative electron attachment studies on acetone
Authors: Prabhudesai Vaibhav S. , Tadsare Vishvesh , Ghosh Sanat , Gope Krishnendu , Davis Daly , Krishnakumar E.
Published: October 2014

Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) to acetone is studied in terms of the absolute cross section for various fragment channels in the electron energy range of 0–20 eV. H− is found to be the most dominant fragment followed by O− and OH− with only one resonance peak between 8 and 9 eV. The DEA dynamics is studied by measuring the angular distribution and kinetic energy distribution of fragment anions using Velocity Slice Imaging technique. The kinetic energy and angular distribution of H− and O− fragments suggest a many body break-up for the lone resonance observed. The ab initio calculations show that electron is captured in the multi-centered anti-bonding molecular orbital which would lead to a many body break-up of the resonance.
Hyperfine excitation of linear molecules by para- and ortho-H2: Application to the HCl–H2 system
Authors: Lanza Mathieu , Lique François
Published: October 2014

The determination of hyperfine structure resolved excitation cross sections and rate coefficients due to H2 collisions is required to interpret astronomical spectra. In this paper, we present several theoretical approaches to compute these data. An almost exact recoupling approach and approximate sudden methods are presented. We apply these different approaches to the HCl–H2 collisional system in order to evaluate their respective accuracy. HCl–H2 hyperfine structure resolved cross sections and rate coefficients are then computed using recoupling and approximate sudden methods. As expected, the approximate sudden approaches are more accurate when the collision energy increases and the results suggest that these approaches work better for para-H2 than for ortho-H2 colliding partner. For the first time, we present HCl–H2 hyperfine structure resolved rate coefficients, computed here for temperatures ranging from 5 to 300 K. The usual Δj1 = ΔF1 propensity rules are observed for the hyperfine transitions. The new rate coefficients will significantly help the interpretation of interstellar HCl emission lines observed with current and future telescopes. We expect that these new data will allow a better determination of the HCl abundance in the interstellar medium, that is crucial to understand the interstellar chlorine chemistry.
On the intermolecular vibrational coupling, hydrogen bonding, and librational freedom of water in the hydration shell of mono- and bivalent anions
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Namboodiri V. , Singh Ajay K. , Mondal Jahur A.
Published: October 2014

The hydration energy of an ion largely resides within the first few layers of water molecules in its hydration shell. Hence, it is important to understand the transformation of water properties, such as hydrogen-bonding, intermolecular vibrational coupling, and librational freedom in the hydration shell of ions. We investigated these properties in the hydration shell of mono- (Cl− and I−) and bivalent (SO42− and CO32−) anions by using Raman multivariate curve resolution (Raman-MCR) spectroscopy in the OH stretch, HOH bend, and [bend+librational] combination bands of water. Raman-MCR of aqueous Na-salt (NaCl, NaI, Na2SO4, and Na2CO3) solutions provides ion-correlated spectra (IC-spectrum) which predominantly bear the vibrational characteristics of water in the hydration shell of respective anions. Comparison of these IC-spectra with the Raman spectrum of bulk water in different spectral regions reveals that the water is vibrationally decoupled with its neighbors in the hydration shell. Hydrogen-bond strength and librational freedom also vary with the nature of anion: hydrogen-bond strength, for example, decreases as CO32− > SO42− > bulk water ≈ Cl− > I−; and the librational freedom increases as CO32− ≈ SO42− < bulk water < Cl− < I−. It is believed that these structural perturbations influence the dynamics of coherent energy transfer and librational reorientation of water in the hydration shell of anions.
Graphene and nano-diamond synthesis in expansions of molten liquid carbon
Authors: Ileri Nazar , Goldman Nir
Published: October 2014

Despite their widespread use in high-pressure experiments, little is known about the physical and chemical properties of carbon-containing materials as they expand and cool to ambient conditions. As a result, interpretation of experiments can rely on use of unconstrained models with poor accuracy for the ensuing equation of state properties and final chemical products. To this end, we use quantum simulations to study the free expansion and cooling of carbon from metallic liquid states achieved during shock compression. Expansions from three different sets of shock conditions yielded of a variety of chain and ring structures. We then quantify the relative amounts of graphite-like and diamond-like particles formed during cooling and equilibration. We observe that for all cases, graphene sheets are the majority product formed with more extreme initial conditions producing increasingly larger amounts of diamond particles. Our results can address key needs for future meso-scale models of experiments, where knowledge of material properties and chemical end products can have a pronounced effect on interpreting experimental observables.
A numerical study of crack initiation in a bcc iron system based on dynamic bifurcation theory
Authors: Li Xiantao
Published: October 2014

Crack initiation under dynamic loading conditions is studied under the framework of dynamic bifurcation theory. An atomistic model for BCC iron is considered to explicitly take into account the detailed molecular interactions. To understand the strain-rate dependence of the crack initiation process, we first obtain the bifurcation diagram from a computational procedure using continuation methods. The stability transition associated with a crack initiation, as well as the connection to the bifurcation diagram, is studied by comparing direct numerical results to the dynamic bifurcation theory [R. Haberman, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 37, 69–106 (1979)].
Nonthermal Lorentzian wake-field effects on collision processes in complex dusty plasmas
Authors: Hong Woo-Pyo , Jung Young-Dae
Published: October 2014

The influence of nonthermal Lorentzian wake-field on the electron-dust grain collision is investigated in complex dusty plasmas. The Eikonal method and the effective interaction potential are applied to obtain the Eikonal scattering phase shift, the differential Eikonal collision cross section, and the total Eikonal collision cross section as functions of the collision energy, the impact parameter, the Mach number, and the spectral index of Lorentzian plasma. It is found that the nonthermal effect enhances the Eikonal scattering phase shift and, however, suppresses the Eikonal collision cross section for the electron-dust grain in Lorentzian complex dusty plasmas. It is also found that the Eikonal scattering phase shift decreases with increasing Mach number and spectral index. In addition, the Eikonal collision cross section increases with an increase of the spectral index and Mach number in Lorentzian complex dusty plasmas.
Plasmon excitation in metal slab by fast point charge: The role of additional boundary conditions in quantum hydrodynamic model
Authors: Zhang Ying-Ying , An Sheng-Bai , Song Yuan-Hong , Kang Naijing , Mišković Z. L. , Wang You-Nian
Published: October 2014

We study the wake effect in the induced potential and the stopping power due to plasmon excitation in a metal slab by a point charge moving inside the slab. Nonlocal effects in the response of the electron gas in the metal are described by a quantum hydrodynamic model, where the equation of electronic motion contains both a quantum pressure term and a gradient correction from the Bohm quantum potential, resulting in a fourth-order differential equation for the perturbed electron density. Thus, besides using the condition that the normal component of the electron velocity should vanish at the impenetrable boundary of the metal, a consistent inclusion of the gradient correction is shown to introduce two possibilities for an additional boundary condition for the perturbed electron density. We show that using two different sets of boundary conditions only gives rise to differences in the wake potential at large distances behind the charged particle. On the other hand, the gradient correction in the quantum hydrodynamic model is seen to cause a reduction in the depth of the potential well closest to the particle, and a reduction of its stopping power. Even for a particle moving in the center of the slab, we observe nonlocal effects in the induced potential and the stopping power due to reduction of the slab thickness, which arise from the gradient correction in the quantum hydrodynamic model.
Enhancement in light efficiency of a GaN:Eu red light-emitting diode by pulse-controlled injected charges
Authors: Ishii Masashi , Koizumi Atsushi , Fujiwara Yasufumi
Published: October 2014

An electrical resonance technique was developed to enhance the emission efficiency of a light-emitting diode (LED) with a low density of dopants as the luminescence centers. A rectangular pulse drive, tuned to the frequency corresponding to the electrical time constant of the LED active layer, intensified the emission of a GaN:Eu red LED. The injected charge carriers, which are transported back-and-forth in the active layer (“back-and-forth transport”), can effectively excite the Eu luminescence centers. A wide scan of the rectangular pulse frequencies revealed injected charge behavior in the active layer. At low frequencies, the injected charges penetrated through the active layer and were lost outside of it (“external loss”), whereas localized back-and-forth motion of the injected charges occurred at high frequencies without interaction with the Eu dopants in the active layer (“internal loss”). An intermediate frequency, at which the sum of the external and internal losses was minimized, yielded the optimal electrical resonance for intensification.