bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Type‐specific quantification of particulate methane monooxygenase gene of methane‐oxidizing bacteria at the oxic–anoxic interface of a surface paddy soil by digitalPCR
Authors: Shinjo Rina , Oe Fumika , Nakagawa Koki , Murase Jun , Asakawa Susumu , Watanabe Takeshi
Published: April 2023

Aerobic methane‐oxidizing bacteria (MOB) play an important role in mitigating methane emissions from paddy fields. In this study, we developed a differential quantification method for the copy number ofpmoAgenes of type Ia, Ib, and IIa MOB in paddy field soil using chip‐based digital PCR. Three probes specific to thepmoAof type Ia, Ib, and IIa MOB worked well in digital PCR quantification when genomic DNA of MOB isolates and PCR‐amplified DNA fragments ofpmoAwere examined as templates. WhenpmoAgenes in the surface soil layer of a flooded paddy were quantified by digital PCR, the copy numbers of type Ia, Ib, and IIa MOB were 105–106, 105–106, and 107copies g−1dry soil, respectively, with the highest values in the top 0–2‐mm soil layer. Especially, the copy numbers of type Ia and Ib MOB increased by 240% and 380% at the top layer after soil flooding, suggesting that the soil circumstances at the oxic–anoxic interfaces were more preferential for growth of type I MOB than type II MOB. Thus, type I MOB likely play an important role in the methane consumption at the surface paddy soil.
Characterisation of bacteria representing a novelNitrosomonasclade: Physiology, genomics and distribution of missing ammonia oxidizer
Authors: Kikuchi Shuta , Fujitani Hirotsugu , Ishii Kento , Isshiki Rino , Sekiguchi Yuji , Tsuneda Satoshi
Published: April 2023

Members of the genusNitrosomonasare major ammonia oxidizers that catalyse the first step of nitrification in various ecosystems. To date, six subgenus‐level clades have been identified. We have previously isolated novel ammonia oxidizers from an additional clade (unclassified cluster 1) of the genusNitrosomonas. In this study, we report unique physiological and genomic properties of the strain PY1, compared with representative ammonia‐oxidising bacteria (AOB). The apparent half‐saturation constant for total ammonia nitrogen and maximum velocity of strain PY1 were 57.9 ± 4.8 μM NH3 + NH4+and 18.5 ± 1.8 μmol N (mg protein)−1 h−1, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on genomic information revealed that strain PY1 belongs to a novel clade of theNitrosomonasgenus. Although PY1 contained genes to withstand oxidative stress, cell growth of PY1 required catalase to scavenge hydrogen peroxide. Environmental distribution analysis revealed that the novel clade containing PY1‐like sequences is predominant in oligotrophic freshwater. Taken together, the strain PY1 had a longer generation time, higher yield and required reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers to oxidize ammonia, compared with known AOB. These findings expand our knowledge of the ecophysiology and genomic diversity of ammonia‐oxidisingNitrosomonas.
The effects of inspiratory muscle training with pulmonary rehabilitation on NSCLC patients during radiation therapy: A pilot clinical study
Authors: Do Junghwa , Lee Seung Hak , Kim Sang Ah , Kim A Hyun , Gelvosa Ma. Nessa , Cheon Hwayeong , Jeon Jae Yong
Published: April 2023

Background

The effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) with pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving radiotherapy (RT) have not previously been reported. This pilot study aimed to determine the effectiveness of IMT with PR on respiratory muscles and exercise capacity of NSCLC patients receiving RT.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients who underwent RT for NSCLC. The rehabilitation included IMT, stretching, strengthening, and aerobic exercises three times a week for 4 weeks with concurrent RT. IMT training lasted 10 min, consisting of one cycle of 30 breaths using the Powerbreathe KH1 device in the hospital by a physical therapist. Patients underwent two IMT sessions at home daily at an intensity of approximately 30%–50% of the participant's maximum inspiratory muscle pressure (MIP) using the threshold IMT tool. We analyzed the results from the respiratory muscle strength test, pulmonary function test, 6‐min walk test (6MWT), cardiopulmonary function test, cycle endurance test (CET), Inbody test, grip measurement, knee extensor/flexor strength measurement, Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTCQ‐C30), and NSCLC 13 (EORTC‐LC13).

Results

There were no adverse events during evaluation and IMT with PR. MIP (60.1 ± 25.1 vs. 72.5 ± 31.9, p = 0.005), 6MWT (439.2 ± 97.1 vs. 60.7 ± 97.8, p = 0.002), CET (181.39 ± 193.12 vs. 123.6 ± 87.6, p = 0.001), knee extensor (14.4 ± 5.3 vs. 17.4 ± 5, p = 0.012), and knee flexor (14.0 ± 5.2 vs. 16.9 ± 5.5, p = 0.004) significantly improved after IMT with PR.

Conclusion

IMT with PR appears effective on respiratory muscles and exercise capacity without adverse events in NSCLC patients who underwent RT.
The influence of cognitive and affective components of the sentinel event on alcohol use following a brief intervention with trauma patients
Authors: Portillo Carlos , Richards Dylan K. , Morera Osvaldo F. , Field Craig A.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Alcohol‐related injury is a sentinel event, an unanticipated medical event that may prompt a re‐evaluation of health behaviors, such as alcohol use. Few studies have examined the psychological components of the sentinel event that motivate behavior change. In the present study, we examined the influence of cognitive and affective components of an alcohol‐related injury on changes in alcohol use following a brief intervention.

Method

Injured patients (n = 411) who were drinking prior to their injury admission were recruited from three urban Level I trauma centers and randomized to receive brief advice or brief motivational intervention with or without a 1‐month booster session. Assessments were completed at baseline and 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐ups. Three groups were created based on endorsement (yes/no) of items assessing cognitive and affective components of the injury event: neither component, the cognitive component only, and both the cognitive and affective components.

Results

Mixed‐effects models indicated that participants who endorsed both the cognitive and affective components had greater reductions in peak alcohol use from baseline to 3‐month follow‐up than those who did endorsed neither component. By contrast, participants who endorsed the cognitive component, but not the affective component, had greater increases in average drinks per week and percentage of days of heavy drinking from 3‐ to 12‐month follow‐ups than those who endorsed neither component.

Conclusion

These results provide preliminary support for further consideration of an affective component of alcohol‐related injuries that may motivate subsequent reductions in drinking following a sentinel event.
Different subtypes of ultrasound‐diagnosed adenomyosis and in vitro fertilization outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Xia‐Li , Xu Zi‐Wei , Huang Yan‐Yan , Lin Shu , Lyu Guo‐Rong
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Adenomyosis prevalence among women with infertility is increasing; their management during in vitro fertilization is usually based on ultrasound diagnosis alone. Herein, we summarize the latest evidence on the impact of ultrasound‐diagnosed adenomyosis on in vitro fertilization outcomes.

Material and methods

The study was registered with The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022355584). We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to January 31, 2023, for cohort studies on the impact of adenomyosis on in vitro fertilization outcomes. Fertility outcomes were compared according to the presence of adenomyosis as diagnosed by ultrasound, concurrent endometriosis and adenomyosis, and MRI‐based or MRI‐ and ultrasound‐based adenomyosis diagnosis. Live birth rate was the primary outcome while clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates were secondary outcomes.

Results

Women diagnosed with adenomyosis by ultrasound had lower live birth (odds ratio [OR] = 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53–0.82, grade: very low), lower clinical pregnancy (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.53–0.77, grade: very low), and higher miscarriage (OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.35–2.44, grade: very low) rates than those without adenomyosis. Notably, symptomatic and diffuse, but not asymptomatic adenomyosis as diagnosed by ultrasound, adversely affected in vitro fertilization outcomes, with lower live birth (OR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.34–0.96, grade: very low), clinical pregnancy (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57–0.85, grade: low), and miscarriage (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.28–4.82, grade: low) rates; and lower live birth (OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.23–0.59, grade: low) and clinical pregnancy (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.34–0.75, grade: low), but not miscarriage rate (OR = 2.18; 95% CI: 0.72–6.62, grade: very low), respectively. Concurrent adenomyosis in endometriosis is associated with a significantly lower live birth rate (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.26–0.75, grade: low) than endometriosis alone. Finally, the use of MRI‐based or MRI‐ and ultrasound‐based adenomyosis diagnosis showed no significant association with in vitro fertilization outcomes (grade: very low for all outcomes).

Conclusions

Considering ultrasound findings, symptoms, and different subtypes of adenomyosis may aid in offering personalized counseling, improving treatment decisions, and achieving better outcomes of in vitro fertilization.
Supervised dichoptic gaming versus monitored occlusion therapy for childhood amblyopia: Effectiveness and efficiency
Authors: Kadhum Aveen , Tan Emily T. C. , Fronius Maria , Baart S. J. , Levi Dennis M. , Joosse Maurits V. , Simonsz Huibert J. , Loudon Sjoukje E.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To compare the effectiveness and efficiency of supervised dichoptic action‐videogame play to occlusion therapy in children with amblyopia.

Methods

Newly diagnosed children with amblyopia aged 4–12 years were recruited, excluding strabismus >30PD. After 16 weeks of refractive adaptation children were randomized to gaming 1 h/week supervised by the researcher, or electronically monitored occlusion 2 h/day. The gaming group played a dichoptic action‐videogame using virtual reality goggles, which included the task of catching a snowflake presented intermittently to the amblyopic eye. Contrast for the fellow eye was self‐adjusted until 2 identical images were perceived. The primary outcome was visual acuity (VA) change from baseline to 24 weeks.

Results

We recruited 96 children, 29 declined and 2 were excluded for language or legal issues. After refractive adaptation, 24 of the remaining 65 no longer met the inclusion criteria for amblyopia, and 8 dropped out. Of 16 children treated with gaming, 7 (6.7 years) completed treatment, whereas 9 younger children (5.3 years) did not. Of 17 treated with occlusion, 14 (5.1 years) completed treatment and 3 (4.5 years) did not. Of 5 children with small‐angle strabismus, 3 treated with occlusion completed treatment and 2 treated with gaming did not. Median VA improved by 0.30 logMAR (IQR 0.20–0.40) after gaming, 0.20 logMAR (0.00–0.30) after occlusion (p = 0.823). Treatment efficiency was 1.25 logMAR/100 h (range 0.42–2.08) with gaming, 0.08 (−0.19–0.68) with occlusion (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Dichoptic gaming seems a viable alternative for older children with refractive amblyopia after glasses adaptation. Treatment efficiency with gaming under continuous supervision was 15 times higher than with occlusion at home.
Human and artificial intelligence collaboration for socially shared regulation in learning
Authors: Järvelä Sanna , Nguyen Andy , Hadwin Allyson
Published: April 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has generated a plethora of new opportunities, potential and challenges for understanding and supporting learning. In this paper, we position human and AI collaboration for socially shared regulation (SSRL) in learning. Particularly, this paper reflects on the intersection of human and AI collaboration in SSRL research, which presents an exciting prospect for advancing our understanding and support of learning regulation. Our aim is to operationalize this human‐AI collaboration by introducing a novel trigger concept and a hybrid human‐AI shared regulation in learning (HASRL) model. Through empirical examples that present AI affordances for SSRL research, we demonstrate how humans and AI can synergistically work together to improve learning regulation. We argue that the integration of human and AI strengths via hybrid intelligence is critical to unlocking a new era in learning sciences research. Our proposed frameworks present an opportunity for empirical evidence and innovative designs that articulate the potential for human‐AI collaboration in facilitating effective SSRL in teaching and learning.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

For collaborative learning to succeed, socially shared regulation has been acknowledged as a key factor.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful and potentially disruptive technology that can reveal new insights to support learning.

It is questionable whether traditional theories of how people learn are useful in the age of AI.

What this paper adds

Introduces a trigger concept and a hybrid Human‐AI Shared Regulation in Learning (HASRL) model to offer insights into how the human‐AI collaboration could occur to operationalize SSRL research.

Demonstrates the potential use of AI to advance research and practice on socially shared regulation of learning.

Provides clear suggestions for future human‐AI collaboration in learning and teaching aiming at enhancing human learning and regulatory skills.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Educational technology developers could utilize our proposed framework to better align technological and theoretical aspects for their design of adaptive support that can facilitate students' socially shared regulation of learning.

Researchers and practitioners could benefit from methodological development incorporating human‐AI collaboration for capturing, processing and analysing multimodal data to examine and support learning regulation.
Assessment of circulating blood lymphocytes in adult patients on rituximab to treat immune thrombocytopenia: Circulating number of NK cells is associated with the response at 6 months
Authors: Rivière Etienne , Thiébaut Rodolphe , Lazaro Estibaliz , Guy Alexandre , James Chloé , Mansier Olivier , Blanco Patrick , Viallard Jean‐François
Published: April 2023

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is defined by a low platelet count that can trigger potentially life‐threatening haemorrhages. Three‐quarters of adult patients exhibit persistent or chronic disease and require second‐line treatments. Among these, rituximab, an anti‐CD20 antibody, has yielded valuable results, with global responses in 60% of patients at 6 months and complete responses in 30% at 5 years. Factors predictive of response to ITP therapy would help physicians choose optimal treatments. We retrospectively analysed clinical courses, biological markers and blood lymphocyte subset numbers of 72 patients on rituximab to treat persistent/chronic ITP followed‐up in our department between 2007 and 2021, divided into three groups according to the platelet count at 6 months: complete, partial or no response. Among all studied parameters, a low number of CD3−CD16+CD56+ circulating NK cells was associated with the complete response to rituximab. We also found that, after rituximab therapy, complete responders exhibited increased NK and decreased activated CD8+ T cell percentages. These results emphasize that the role played by NK cells in ITP remains incompletely known but that factors predictive of response to rituximab can be easily derived using blood lymphocyte subset data.
Jumonji domain‐containing protein‐3 (JMJD3) promotes myeloid fibroblast activation and macrophage polarization in kidney fibrosis
Authors: An Changlong , Jiao Baihai , Du Hao , Tran Melanie , Song Bo , Wang Penghua , Zhou Dong , Wang Yanlin
Published: April 2023

Background and Purpose

Renal fibrosis is a common feature of chronic kidney disease. Myeloid fibroblasts and macrophages contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying myeloid fibroblast activation and macrophage polarization are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the role of Jumonji domain‐containing protein‐3 (JMJD3) in myeloid fibroblast activation, macrophage polarization, and renal fibrosis development in a preclinical model of obstructive nephropathy.

Experimental Approach

To examine the role of JMJD3 in renal fibrosis, we generated mice with global or myeloid cell‐specific deletion of JMJD3, and we treated wild‐type mice with vehicle or GSK‐J4 (selective JMJD3 inhibitor). Mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstructive injury to induce renal fibrosis.

Key Results

JMJD3 expression was significantly increased in the kidneys during the development of renal fibrosis, which was associated with an increase in H3K27 dimethylation. Mice with either global or myeloid JMJD3 deficiency exhibited significantly reduced total collagen deposition and extracellular matrix protein production, myeloid fibroblast activation and M2 macrophage polarization in the obstructed kidney. Moreover, IFN regulatory factor 4, a mediator of M2 macrophage polarization, was significantly induced in the obstructed kidneys, which was abolished by JMJD3 deficiency. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of JMJD3 with GSK‐J4 attenuated kidney fibrosis, reduced myeloid fibroblast activation and suppressed M2 macrophage polarization in the obstructed kidney.

Conclusion and Implications

Our study identifies JMJD3 as a critical regulator of myeloid fibroblast activation, macrophage polarization, and renal fibrosis development. Therefore, JMJD3 may represent a promising therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease.
Local anaesthetic procaine derivatives protect rat against diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of DPP‐4, inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Song Miaomiao , Chen Yaping
Published: April 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious devastating disease. However, the current clinical options to treat DN are not adequate. Thus, in the present study, we intend to develop novel series of procaine‐embedded thiazole‐pyrazoles as protective agent against DN. The compounds were tested for inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)‐4, −8, and − 9 enzyme subtypes, where they selectively and potently inhibit DPP‐4 as compared to other subtypes. The top three ranked DPP‐4 inhibitors (8i, 8e and 8k) were further screened for inhibitory activity against NF‐ĸB transcription. Among these three, compound 8i was identified as the most potent NF‐ĸB inhibitor. The pharmacological benefit of compound 8i was further established in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Compound 8i showed marked improvements in blood glucose, ALP, ALT, total protein, serum lipid profile such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL levels and renal functions such as urine volume, urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine clearance as compared to nontreated diabetic control group. It also reduces oxidative stress (MDA, SOD and GPx) and inflammation (TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6) in the rats as compared to disease control group rats. This study demonstrated the discovery of procaine‐embedded thiazole‐pyrazole compounds as a novel class of agent against diabetic nephropathy.
New Cretaceous empidoids and the Mesozoic dance fly revolution (Diptera: Empidoidea)
Authors: Badano Davide , Sinclair Bradley J. , Zhang Qingqing , Palermo Francesca , Pieroni Nicola , Maugeri Laura , Fratini Michela , Cerretti Pierfilippo
Published: April 2023

Dance flies and relatives (Empidoidea) are a diverse and ecologically important group of Diptera in nearly all modern terrestrial ecosystems. Their fossil record, despite being scattered, attests to a long evolutionary history dating back to the early Mesozoic. Here, we describe seven new species of Empidoidea from Cretaceous Kachin amber inclusions, assigning them to the new genus Electrochoreutes gen.n. (type species: Electrochoreutes trisetigerus sp.n.) based on unique apomorphies among known Diptera. Like many extant dance flies, the males of Electrochoreutes are characterized by species‐specific sexually dimorphic traits, which are likely to have played a role in courtship. The fine anatomy of the fossils was investigated through high‐resolution X‐ray phase‐contrast microtomography to reconstruct their phylogenetic affinities within the empidoid clade, using cladistic reasoning. Morphology‐based phylogenetic analyses including a selection of all extant family‐ and subfamily‐ranked empidoid clades along with representatives of all extinct Mesozoic genera, were performed using a broad range of analytical methods (maximum parsimony, maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian inference). These analyses converged in reconstructing Electrochoreutes as a stem‐group representative of the Dolichopodidae, suggesting that complex mating rituals evolved in this lineage during the Cretaceous.
Exploring the relevance of the multidimensionality of wildlife recreationists to conservation behaviors: A case study in Virginia
Authors: Grooms Bennett , Dayer Ashley , Barnes Jessica , Peele Ashley , Rutter Jonathan , Cole Nicholas
Published: April 2023

Wildlife recreationists' participation in conservation behaviors could provide key support to the conservation efforts of state fish and wildlife agencies. However, little is known about how identifying with multiple forms of wildlife recreation (i.e., hunters, anglers, birders, wildlife viewers) may influence participation in conservation behaviors, specifically for supporting state fish and wildlife agencies and their conservation goals. Using a mixed‐mode survey of Virginia wildlife recreationists, we explored the hypothesized relationship between individuals' participation in conservation behaviors and their identification with multiple forms of consumptive and nonconsumptive wildlife recreation. We found wildlife recreation identity is multidimensional, with many individuals identifying with consumptive and nonconsumptive identities simultaneously. Further, consumptive‐only recreationists (i.e., hunters and/or anglers) participated in conservation behaviors less often than nonconsumptive‐only recreationists (i.e., birders and/or wildlife viewers) and recreationists with both consumptive and nonconsumptive identities were less likely to support a state fish and wildlife agency in the future. Our findings underscore the importance of all types of wildlife recreationists, especially those with intersecting identities, as state fish and wildlife agencies work to advance conservation. Hence, developing multi‐faceted engagement strategies may enhance support for state fish and wildlife agencies among their growing wildlife recreation constituency.
The utility of plasma glycated CD59 in predicting postpartum glucose intolerance: A prospective study of women diagnosed with GDM during a period of universal GDM screening
Authors: Bogdanet Delia , Castillo Michelle T. , Doheny Helen , Dervan Louise , Luque‐Fernandez Miguel A. , Halperin Jose , O'Shea Paula M. , Dunne Fidelma P.
Published: April 2023

Aims

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is associated with the development of postpartum (PP) glucose intolerance. Plasma glycated CD59 (pGCD59) is an emerging biomarker for the detection of hyperglycaemia. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of PP pGCD59 to predict the development of PP GI as defined by the 2 h 75 g OGTT using the ADA criteria, in a cohort of women diagnosed with prior GDM in the index pregnancy using the 2 h 75 g OGTT at 24–28 weeks of gestation according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 criteria.

Methods

Of the 2017 pregnant women recruited prospectively 140 women with gestational diabetes had samples for pGCD59 taken PP at the time of the OGTT. The ability of pGCD59 to predict the results of the PP OGTT was assessed using nonparametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

Women with PP glucose intolerance had significantly higher PP pGCD59 levels compared to women with normal glucose tolerance PP (3.8 vs. 2.7 SPU). PP pGCD59 identified women who developed glucose intolerance PP with an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.70–0.91). A PP pGCD59 cut‐off value of 1.9 SPU generated a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 83.9–100), specificity of 16.9% (95% CI: 9.8–26.3), positive predictive value of 22.1% (95% CI: 21.0–22.6), and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 87.4–100). PP fasting plasma glucose generated an AUC of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.89–0.99) for the identification of PP glucose intolerance.

Conclusion

Our study found that PP pGCD9 may be a promising biomarker to identify women not requiring PP glucose intolerance screening using the traditional OGTT. While the diagnostic accuracy of pGCD59 is good, fasting plasma glucose remains a better test for the identification of PP glucose intolerance.
Associations between disordered eating behaviour, diabetes distress and emotion regulation strategies in adults with type 1 diabetes: Results from a Dutch‐Italian cross‐sectional study
Authors: Embaye Jiska , Bassi Giulia , Dingemans Alexandra E. , Doesborg Loes , Snoek Frank J. , de Wit Maartje
Published: April 2023

Aims

Disordered eating behaviour (DEB) and diabetes distress are prevalent in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, are associated with DEB and managing stress in general. Here we examine the associations between DEB, diabetes distress, and emotion regulation strategies in the context of T1D.

Methods

Adults with T1D in The Netherlands and Italy completed an online survey, covering DEB (DEPS‐R), diabetes distress (PAID‐5), and emotion regulation strategies (ERQ). Associations between DEB, diabetes distress, and emotion regulation strategies were examined using path analysis.

Results

N = 291 participants completed the survey (78.9% women, 39 ± 13 years, HbA1c: 55 ± 16 mmol/mol (7.2% [3.6%]); TIR: 66% ± 25). N = 79 participants (27.1%) reported DEB (DEPS‐R ≥ 20) and n = 159 participants (54.6%) reported elevated diabetes distress (PAID‐5 ≥ 8). The path analysis, with small‐to‐medium effect sizes, revealed that more diabetes distress was associated with more DEB (β = 0.23, 95% CI [0.13, 0.34]). Less diabetes distress was associated with more use of cognitive reappraisal (β = −0.24, 95% CI [−0.36, −0.12]). More DEB was associated with more use of expressive suppression (β = 0.14, 95% CI [0.04, 0.24]).

Conclusions

This cross‐sectional study suggests an association between DEB and diabetes distress, between cognitive reappraisal and less diabetes distress and between expressive suppression and more DEB. The results suggest that it may prove beneficial to prioritize strengthening emotion regulation strategies in interventions for people with T1D and DEB. Future research should help clarify causality with regard to emotion regulation and DEB in adults with T1D.
Impact of school‐supervised ultra‐long‐acting basal insulin injections on ketosis in youth with T1D and elevated haemoglobin A1c: A pilot study
Authors: Nally Laura M. , Sherr Jennifer L. , Tichy Eileen , Weyman Kate , Urban Andrea , Shabanova Veronika , McCollum Sarah , Steffen Amy , Tamborlane William V. , Van Name Michelle
Published: April 2023

Background

In youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), high haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are associated with an increased risk for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Aims

This study examined whether daily school‐supervised basal insulin injections were feasible and if they reduced the risk of morning ketosis in children and adolescents with high HbA1c levels. We hypothesized that supervised glargine and degludec would reduce the risk of ketosis and that the prolonged action of degludec would protect from ketosis after consecutive days of unsupervised injections.

Materials & Methods

After a 2–4‐week run‐in, youth (10–18 years, HbA1c ≥ 8.5%) managing T1D with injections were randomized to school‐supervised administration of degludec or glargine for 4 months. School nurses observed daily blood β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose checks. During COVID closures, the research team supervised procedures remotely.

Results

Data from 28 youth (age 14.3 ± 2.3 years, HbA1c 11.4 ± 1.9%, 64% F) were analysed. School‐supervised injections of both basal insulins for 1–4 days progressively lowered the percent of participants with elevated BHB. The percent of participants with elevated BHB (≥0.6 mmol/L) after 2 days of unsupervised basal insulin doses at home was greater in the glargine than degludec group but had a high p‐value (17.2% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.3). HbA1c was unchanged in both groups.

Discussion

In youth with T1D at high risk for DKA, daily supervised long‐acting insulin administration decreased the probability of elevated ketone levels on subsequent school days, regardless of basal insulin type. A larger sample size may have demonstrated that the longer action profile of degludec would offer additional protection from ketosis during days of not attending school.

Conclusion

Engaging school‐based caregivers in management of youth with T1D on injected insulin may decrease clinically significant ketosis and minimize acute complications of diabetes.
Prognostic significance of incorporating exercise tissue doppler mitral annular early diastolic velocity in exercise diastolic dysfunction assessment
Authors: Omar Alaa Mabrouk Salem , Konje Swiri , Muñoz‐Estrella Alba , Alam Loba , Gandhi Kruti , Moras Errol , Mancero Brissete , Kaur Arpanjeet , Zipf Elizabeth , Meister David , Peña Maria , Perez‐Lizardo Christopher , Kim Ga Hee , Elias Joseph , Argulian Edgar
Published: April 2023

Background

The existing algorithm for defining exercise‐induced diastolic dysfunction incorporates resting e’ velocity as a surrogate of myocardial relaxation. The additive prognostic value of incorporating post‐exercise e’ velocity in definition of exercise‐induced diastolic dysfunction is poorly studied.

Aim

To define the additive prognostic value of post‐exercise e’ septal velocity in the assessment of exercise‐induced diastolic dysfunction compared to the traditional approach.

Methods

This retrospective study included 1409 patients undergoing exercise treadmill echocardiography with available full set of diastolic variables. Doppler measures of diastolic function included resting septal e’ velocity, post‐exercise septal e’ velocity, post‐exercise E/e’ ratio, and post‐exercise tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity. Approaches incorporating resting septal e’ velocity and post‐exercise septal e’ velocity were compared in defining exercise‐induced diastolic dysfunction, and for association with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Results

The mean age of study subjects was 56.3 ± 16.5 years and 791 (56%) patients were women. A total of 524 patients had disagreement between resting and post exercise septal e’ velocities, and these values showed only weak agreement (kappa statistics: .28, P = .02). All categories of the traditional exercise‐induced DD approach incorporating resting septal e’ velocity witnessed reclassification when exercise septal e’ velocity was used. When both approaches were compared, increased event rates were only evident when both approaches agreed on exercise‐induced diastolic dysfunction (HR: 1.92, P < .001, 95% CI: 1.37–2.69). This association persisted after multivariable adjustment and propensity score matching for covariates.

Conclusion

Incorporation of post‐exercise e’ velocity into the set of variables defining exercise‐induced diastolic dysfunction can improve the prognostic utility of diastolic function assessment.
Unconsciousness or unresponsiveness in akinetic mutism? Insights from a multimodal longitudinal exploration
Authors: Comanducci Angela , Casarotto Silvia , Rosanova Mario , Derchi Chiara‐Camilla , Viganò Alessandro , Pirastru Alice , Blasi Valeria , Cazzoli Marta , Navarro Jorge , Edlow Brian L. , Baglio Francesca , Massimini Marcello
Published: April 2023

The clinical assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) relies on the observation of behavioural responses to standardised sensory stimulation. However, several medical comorbidities may directly impair the production of reproducible and appropriate responses, thus reducing the sensitivity of behaviour‐based diagnoses. One such comorbidity is akinetic mutism (AM), a rare neurological syndrome characterised by the inability to initiate volitional motor responses, sometimes associated with clinical presentations that overlap with those of DoC. In this paper, we describe the case of a patient with large bilateral mesial frontal lesions, showing prolonged behavioural unresponsiveness and severe disorganisation of electroencephalographic (EEG) background, compatible with a vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS). By applying an unprecedented multimodal battery of advanced imaging and electrophysiology‐based techniques (AIE) encompassing spontaneous EEG, evoked potentials, event‐related potentials, transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with EEG and structural and functional MRI, we provide the following: (i) a demonstration of the preservation of consciousness despite unresponsiveness in the context of AM, (ii) a plausible neurophysiological explanation for behavioural unresponsiveness and its subsequent recovery during rehabilitation stay and (iii) novel insights into the relationships between DoC, AM and parkinsonism. The present case offers proof‐of‐principle evidence supporting the clinical utility of a multimodal hierarchical workflow that combines AIEs to detect covert signs of consciousness in unresponsive patients.
Leaf angle as a leaf and canopy trait: Rejuvenating its role in ecology with new technology
Authors: Yang Xi , Li Rong , Jablonski Andrew , Stovall Atticus , Kim Jongmin , Yi Koong , Ma Yixin , Beverly Daniel , Phillips Richard , Novick Kim , Xu Xiangtao , Lerdau Manuel
Published: April 2023

Life on Earth depends on the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy by plants through photosynthesis. A fundamental challenge in optimizing photosynthesis is to adjust leaf angles to efficiently use the intercepted sunlight under the constraints of heat stress, water loss and competition. Despite the importance of leaf angle, until recently, we have lacked data and frameworks to describe and predict leaf angle dynamics and their impacts on leaves to the globe. We review the role of leaf angle in studies of ecophysiology, ecosystem ecology and earth system science, and highlight the essential yet understudied role of leaf angle as an ecological strategy to regulate plant carbon–water–energy nexus and to bridge leaf, canopy and earth system processes. Using two models, we show that leaf angle variations have significant impacts on not only canopy‐scale photosynthesis, energy balance and water use efficiency but also light competition within the forest canopy. New techniques to measure leaf angles are emerging, opening opportunities to understand the rarely‐measured intraspecific, interspecific, seasonal and interannual variations of leaf angles and their implications to plant biology and earth system science. We conclude by proposing three directions for future research.
Fungal genome size and composition reflect ecological strategies along soil fertility gradients
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Yang , Bissett Andrew , Aguilar‐Trigueros Carlos A. , Liu Hong‐Wei , Powell Jeff R.
Published: April 2023

Genomic traits reflect the evolutionary processes that have led to ecological variation among extant organisms, including variation in how they acquire and use resources. Soil fungi have diverse nutritional strategies and exhibit extensive variation in fitness along resource gradients. We tested for trade‐offs in genomic traits with mycelial nutritional traits and hypothesize that such trade‐offs differ among fungal guilds as they reflect contrasting resource exploitation and habitat preferences. We found species with large genomes exhibited nutrient‐poor mycelium and low GC content. These patterns were observed across fungal guilds but with varying explanatory power. We then matched trait data to fungal species observed in 463 Australian grassland, woodland and forest soil samples. Fungi with large genomes and lower GC content dominated in nutrient‐poor soils, associated with shifts in guild composition and with species turnover within guilds. These findings highlight fundamental mechanisms that underpin successful ecological strategies for soil fungi.
Knowledge integration in family firms: Understanding the nexus between familiness and organizational effectiveness
Authors: Barros‐Contreras Ismael , Campopiano Giovanna , Discua Cruz Allan , Martin‐Cruz Natalia , Hernangómez B. Juan
Published: April 2023

Although knowledge integration has been deemed relevant for the development and survival of family firms, prior studies suggest that the lack of skills to combine and transfer incumbent family members' knowledge within the family may hinder family firms' organizational effectiveness. Knowledge integration, in this context, might depend on family involvement in ownership, management and governance, and family essence, considering the emotional and relational aspects of the influence the family exerts on the business. Relying on knowledge‐based view and dynamic capability perspectives, we propose a model suggesting that knowledge integration intervenes in the relationship between familiness and organizational effectiveness. Our hypotheses are tested on a sample of 102 private Spanish family businesses. The results reveal that familiness is beneficial for knowledge integration, enhancing family firms' organizational effectiveness. Our study provides practical implications for family business owners and managers, and opportunities for further research.
Impact of the 2014–2016 marine heatwave on US and Canada West Coast fisheries: Surprises and lessons from key case studies
Authors: Free Christopher M. , Anderson Sean C. , Hellmers Elizabeth A. , Muhling Barbara A. , Navarro Michael O. , Richerson Kate , Rogers Lauren A. , Satterthwaite William H. , Thompson Andrew R. , Burt Jenn M. , Gaines Steven D. , Marshall Kristin N. , White J. Wilson , Bellquist Lyall F.
Published: April 2023

Marine heatwaves are increasingly affecting marine ecosystems, with cascading impacts on coastal economies, communities, and food systems. Studies of heatwaves provide crucial insights into potential ecosystem shifts under future climate change and put fisheries social‐ecological systems through “stress tests” that expose both vulnerabilities and resilience. The 2014–16 Northeast Pacific heatwave was the strongest and longest marine heatwave on record and resulted in profound ecological changes that impacted fisheries, fisheries management, and human livelihoods. Here, we synthesize the impacts of the 2014–2016 marine heatwave on US and Canada West Coast fisheries and extract key lessons for preparing global fisheries science, management, and industries for the future. We set the stage with a brief review of the impacts of the heatwave on marine ecosystems and the first systematic analysis of the economic impacts of these changes on commercial and recreational fisheries. We then examine ten key case studies that provide instructive examples of the complex and surprising challenges that heatwaves pose to fisheries social‐ecological systems. These reveal important insights into improving the resilience of monitoring and management and increasing adaptive capacity to future stressors. Key recommendations include: (1) expanding monitoring to enhance mechanistic understanding, provide early warning signals, and improve predictions of impacts; (2) increasing the flexibility, adaptiveness, and inclusiveness of management where possible; (3) using simulation testing to help guide management decisions; and (4) enhancing the adaptive capacity of fishing communities by promoting engagement, flexibility, experimentation, and failsafes. These advancements are important as global fisheries prepare for a changing ocean.
Compound‐specific stable isotopes resolve sources and fate of polyunsaturated fatty acids in biota of headwater streams
Authors: Ebm Nadine , Guo Fen , Brett Michael T. , Bunn Stuart E. , Fry Brian , Kainz Martin J.
Published: April 2023

Organisms at the base of stream food webs are typically poor in long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA), especially in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whereas consumers at higher trophic levels are often rich in LC‐PUFA. For example, fish tissues, especially the brain, are DHA‐rich. This obvious mismatch between consumer LC‐PUFA and their basal dietary supply may result from selective retention and/or endogenous conversion of dietary precursors to LC‐PUFA.

To determine which is more likely, we investigated compound‐specific carbon stable isotopes in PUFA (δ13CPUFA) of potential basal resources (stream epilithon, leaf litter) and consumers (invertebrates, European bullhead, and two salmonid species and their brain, eye, liver, and muscle tissues). We predicted that consumer‐PUFA, depleted in 13C values relative to their dietary sources, would indicate internal de novo PUFA synthesis. Alternatively, higher consumer‐δ13CPUFA values would imply selective retention of aquatic (epilithon and conditioned leaves) rather than terrestrial resources or internal production, irrespective of trophic levels.

Invertebrate grazers and predators resembled δ13C values of essential fatty acids (δ13CEFA) of benthic algae, while shredder‐δ13CEFA values reflected those of conditioned rather than fresh leaves. Lower eye‐δ13CEFA values of salmonids than in livers indicated high retention of dietary PUFA sources (invertebrates and epilithon). Stable isotope values of eicosapentaenoic acid suggest that all consumers retained algal EPA, while insectivorous fish produced DHA in their liver. There is no further evidence from carbon stable isotopes for local PUFA conversion within neural tissues.

Our study demonstrates that δ13CPUFA can be used to track sources of these highly functional molecules in aquatic consumers and highlights the importance of algal derived‐PUFA for these consumers in oligotrophic headwater streams.
Nitrogen addition promotes terrestrial plants to allocate more biomass to aboveground organs: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Feng Huili , Guo Jiahuan , Peng Changhui , Kneeshaw Daniel , Roberge Gabrielle , Pan Chang , Ma Xuehong , Zhou Dan , Wang Weifeng
Published: April 2023

A significant increase in reactive nitrogen (N) added to terrestrial ecosystems through agricultural fertilization or atmospheric deposition is considered to be one of the most widespread drivers of global change. Modifying biomass allocation is one primary strategy for maximizing plant growth rate, survival, and adaptability to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is much uncertainty as to whether and how plant biomass allocation strategies change in response to increased N inputs in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we synthesized 3516 paired observations of plant biomass and their components related to N additions across terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Our meta‐analysis reveals that N addition (ranging from 1.08 to 113.81 g m−2 year−1) increased terrestrial plant biomass by 55.6% on average. N addition has increased plant stem mass fraction, shoot mass fraction, and leaf mass fraction by 13.8%, 12.9%, and 13.4%, respectively, but with an associated decrease in plant reproductive mass (including flower and fruit biomass) fraction by 3.4%. We further documented a reduction in plant root‐shoot ratio and root mass fraction by 27% (21.8%–32.1%) and 14.7% (11.6%–17.8%), respectively, in response to N addition. Meta‐regression results showed that N addition effects on plant biomass were positively correlated with mean annual temperature, soil available phosphorus, soil total potassium, specific leaf area, and leaf area per plant. Nevertheless, they were negatively correlated with soil total N, leaf carbon/N ratio, leaf carbon and N content per leaf area, as well as the amount and duration of N addition. In summary, our meta‐analysis suggests that N addition may alter terrestrial plant biomass allocation strategies, leading to more biomass being allocated to aboveground organs than belowground organs and growth versus reproductive trade‐offs. At the global scale, leaf functional traits may dictate how plant species change their biomass allocation pattern in response to N addition.
Priority setting for children and young people with chronic conditions and disabilities
Authors: Finlay‐Jones Amy , Sampson Rebecca , Parkinson Asha , Prentice Karina , Bebbington Keely , Treadgold Claire , Frank Belinda , Bates Amber , Freeman Jacinta , Lucas Jayden , Dart Julie , Davis Elizabeth , Lingam Raghu , McKenzie Anne
Published: April 2023

Background

The aim of this project was to identify the top 10 priorities for childhood chronic conditions and disability (CCD) research from the perspectives of children and young people with lived experience, their parents and caregivers and the professionals who work with them.

Methods

We conducted a three‐stage study based on the James Lind Alliance priority‐setting partnership methods. It comprised two online surveys (n = 200; n = 201) and a consensus workshop (n = 21) with these three stakeholder groups in Australia.

Results

In the first stage, 456 responses were submitted, which were coded and collapsed into 40 overarching themes. In the second stage, 20 themes were shortlisted, which were further refined in stage 3, before the top 10 priorities being selected. Of these, the top three priorities were improving awareness and inclusion in all aspects of their life (school, work and social relationships), improving access to treatments and support and improving the process of diagnosis.

Conclusions

The top 10 priorities identified reflect the need to focus on the individual, health systems and social aspects of the CCD experience when conducting research in this area.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study was guided by three Advisory Groups, comprising (1) young people living with CCD; (2) parents and caregivers of a child or young person with CCD and (3) professionals working with children and young people with CCD. These groups met several times across the course of the project and provided input into study aims, materials, methods and data interpretation and reporting. Additionally, the lead author and seven members of the author group have lived and experienced CCD.