bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers to engaging fathers in supporting exclusive breastfeeding by HIV positive mothers in Temeke, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Nkane Jane , Nyamhanga Tumaini , Mahiti Gladys
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims

The low rate of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been attributed to limited spousal support, and evidence shows that support from a male partner has a positive influence on HIV positive mothers' adherence to exclusive breastfeeding. There is a lack of research data on fathers' experiences of barriers to supporting their HIV-positive partners with exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. This paper reports the results of a study that aimed to explore barriers to fathers' engagement in supporting exclusive breastfeeding by HIV-positive mothers in an urban setting in Tanzania.

Methods

A qualitative case study design was used in Temeke Municipal Council, at clinics for the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in four public health facilities. Purposive sampling was used to select 30 participants who took part in in-depth interviews. Data were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated from Kiswahili to English before being thematically analysed.

Results

Barriers to fathers' engagement in supporting exclusive breastfeeding included unstable income, inconvenient clinic hours, gender stereotypes, less emphasis on postpartum male involvement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and stringent work regulations that provide very limited paternity leave.

Conclusions

This study has generated some insight into the main barriers to fathers' engagement in supporting exclusive breastfeeding among mothers with HIV. This knowledge can be applied to strengthen the role of fathers in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Antiretroviral therapy adherence among breastfeeding mothers at a health facility in north Malawi
Authors: Kanyimbo Beatrice , Kafulafula Ursula K , Chakhame Bertha
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims

Antiretroviral therapy adherence among breastfeeding mothers is essential in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. However, prevention of mother-to-child transmission remains a challenge after childbirth, with inadequate antiretroviral therapy adherence found in breastfeeding mothers. This study aimed to determine antiretroviral therapy adherence and associated factors among breastfeeding mothers at the Mzuzu Health Centre, Malawi.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Mzuzu Health Centre with 323 participants who were recruited using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted at both bivariate level using the chi-squared test and at multivariate level using a regression model.

Results

The overall antiretroviral therapy adherence rate was 55.1%. Forgetfulness (P<0.000), religious beliefs (P=0.020), access to an antiretroviral therapy clinic (P=0.007) and appointment dates (P=0.001) were significantly associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence.

Conclusions

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy was low and forgetfulness was the most significant factor affecting adherence. Therefore, efforts to improve antiretroviral therapy adherence should focus on promoting strategies to combat forgetfulness, such as reminders, mobile alerts and alarm clocks, and involving family members in reminding mothers to take medications.
Factors that characterise clinical decision making among midwifery students in Malawi
Authors: Sakala Betty , Chorwe-Sungani Genesis , Kafulafula Ursula , Kumbani Lily
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims

Professional knowledge and competencies related to decision making and lessons learnt during midwifery education influence midwives' clinical decision making. The midwifery curriculum for student midwives includes the decision-making process during nursing training and midwives are expected to apply this knowledge and skill during midwifery practice. Factors that positively or negatively affect clinical decision making among midwives in Malawi are not well understood. This study aimed to identify factors that characterise clinical decision making among midwifery students in Malawi.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that used quantitative methods underpinned by a positivist paradigm. Proportional stratified sampling was used to select 124 fourth year student midwives from two public universities. A questionnaire was used to gather data from respondents on how strongly they agreed or disagreed that certain factors affect clinical decision making. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and Pearson's chi-squared was calculated to determine differences in respondents' mean scores. Significance was set at P=0.05.

Results

Factors found to positively affect clinical decision making were skills and knowledge, collaboration with other health workers, confidence, supportive supervision, positive feedback, a conducive working environment, mentoring by senior midwives, availability of clear guidelines and frameworks, clinical reasoning and intuition. Respondents' mean scores on factors that positively or negatively affect clinical decision making varied significantly (P<0.001) in relation to age, institution and department.

Conclusions

Although students are taught about decision making during their training, there are factors that hinder their capability to implement the skill. Therefore, it is necessary for training institutions to find ways to evaluate students' clinical decision making both before and after they join the workforce to identify and bridge any gaps in knowledge.
Applying mathematical problem-solving techniques to your brand
Authors: Ratcliffe Jason
Published: April 2022

In both marketing and clinical research, there are many cases where having a high-level understanding of problem-solving will help us get to a solution quicker. In this article, Jason Ratcliffe examines some common strategies developed to solve mathematical problems that can be applied to common problems
Sonographic Intima-Media Thickness Evaluation of Common Carotid and Internal Carotid Arteries in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shah Pramod , Rathi Amey
Published: April 2022

Background: Intima-media thickness (IMT) is a useful marker in early detection of atherosclerotic lesions in carotid arteries in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. The study was conducted to determine the association of IMT with various physical and biochemical parameters in the Indian population. Objective: To compare IMT of common and internal carotid arteries in T2DM patients and healthy individuals and study the correlation of IMT with physical and biochemical parameters. Methods: Case group with T2DM (n=27) were matched with Control group consisting of healthy individuals (n=27) of similar age and sex were included. Physical parameters and routine biochemical data were collected and compared. Ultrasonographical imaging of the common and internal carotid arteries of both sides were performed presence of plaque was observed. Data was analyzed by software IBM® SPSS Statistics V20.0. For all analyses, P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Mean IMT value obtained in case and control group are 0.711±0.14 mm and 0.601±0.16 mm respectively (P=0.005). Presence of plaque was noticed in 37.03% subjects in case group and in 14.81% subjects in control group. Mean IMT was significantly higher for smoker than non-smokers (P=0.004). Fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, Postprandial triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly higher in case group (P<0.05). There was a strong family history of T2DM in case group (51.85%) compared to control group (14.81%) with a statistical significance between them (P=0.009). Conclusion: IMT of common and internal carotid arteries have a significant association in T2DM patients compared to healthy subjects and IMT is significantly associated with physical and biochemical parameters.
Turmeric Rhizome’s Extract Reduce Epithelium Cells and Endometrium Layer Thickness of Female Rats
Authors: Busman Hendri , Sutyarso Sutyarso , Farisi Salman , Fukrapti Fukrapti , Fahrumnisa Aulia Rika
Published: April 2022

Turmeric rhizome extract has been shown to have antifertility effects as antiestrogenic and is reversible. This study aims to rate turmeric rhizome extract (Curcuma longa L.) antiestrogenic potential towards epithelium cell and endometrium layer thickness reduction on female rats. Twenty-eight female rats aged around 6-8 weeks old and weighing around 200-250 g were divided into four groups using a completely randomized design. The control group received only aquadest. Treatment groups 1, 2, and 3 received 250, 500, and 1.000 mg/kg BW turmeric rhizome extract, respectively, for five days. At the end of the examination, there was a significant decrease in the number of endometrial epithelial cells in the turmeric group (p=0,000), in line with the increase in the dose given. This research also shows the presence of antiestrogenic potential effects associated with an endometrium layer thickness (p=0.013), and there was a decrease in endometrium thickness associated between the control group and treatment group (p<0,05). Conclusions: Turmeric rhizome extract has an antiestrogenic potential and can reduce the total of epithelium cells and endometrium layer thickness on female rats.
Mutation Occurrence in Tor2 Gene in Patients with SARS COV-2 in Association with H. Influenza Infection
Authors: Dhumad Bushra Qasim , Jaber Safa Ibrahim
Published: April 2022

SARS COV-2is a very dangerous virus that has led to many deaths. H. Influenzais a bacteria that causes many infections inside the human body, such as pneumonia. In this study, a total of (60)blood samples were taken from patients infected with SARS COV-2shared with H. Influenza infection who attended Ibn-Al-Baladi Hospital/Baghdad city during the period from 15th January to 1st December 2021. Venous blood samples were also taken from (60) healthy individuals as a control group. The results showed that the distribution rate of the SARS COV-2 IgG and H. influenza IgG among the male patients was twice44 (73.3%)more than the distribution rate among female patients. The prevalence of SARS COV-2 IgG and H. influenza IgG was shown to be the highest among the age group (>51) years, followed by the age group (21-30) years. The cases of SARS COV-2and H. influenza infections among the studied patients according to residency were shown to be almost equal among rural and urban residents 30,30 (49.2%,50.8%) respectively. Regarding the relationship between SARS COV-2 IgG and H. influenza IgG and CRP levels, the mean level of CRP in the patients was (73.72±17.05) and in the the controls was (8.71±1.12), while the mean level of H. influenza IgG in the patients was (1.05±0.23) and in the control group was (0.3±0.02), whereas the mean level of SARS COV-2 IgG was (7.00±2.15) in the patients andwas (0.35 ±0.19) in the controls with a highly significant differences (HS).The number and percentage of patients with positive SARS COV-2 and H. influenza IgG was 38(95.0%) who had high levels of GOT up to 65 U/L, while 2(50%) of those patients had GOT >65 U/L, while the Negative infections with SARS COV-2 IgG, H. influenza IgG 17(85.0%) had up 65 U/L and 3(15.0 %) had>65 U/L level (P =0.03).In addition, high levels of GPT, Alkaline phosphates, urea and creatinine were recorded among patients groups when compared with the healthy controls.
Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Palonosetron against Ondansetron in Preventing Postoperative Nausea Vomiting in Patients Undergoing General Anaesthesia: Double blind Randomized Control Study in Tertiary Care Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Vishwasrao Sunil Mhatarba , Vishwasrao Sufala Sunil , Kumar Amar Nagesh
Published: April 2022

Background Post operative nausea vomiting (PONV) is distressing for patient as well as clinician as it affects post-operative care and recovery substantially. Causes of PONV are multi factorial which are primarily categorized into patient related factors, pre- surgical factors and post-surgical factors. There are several classes of drugs that constitute basic of anti-emetic therapy. Primary objective of the study is to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) Palonosetron in preventing post operative nausea vomiting (PONV) in comparison with IV ondansetron. Methodology This is a double blinded randomized controlled study conducted during the period of January 2015 to February 2016 in patients with ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologist) grade I category who underwent surgical intervention under general anaesthesia. Both male and female patients in the age range of 15-60 years with ASA grade I status and willing to give written informed consent were recruited for the study. 116 out of 129 patients were recruited for the study based upon inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups, Group A, who received palonosetron 0.075 mg intravenously and Group B, who received ondansetron 8 mg intravenously. The efficacy and safety of palonosetron was tested on the use of ondansetron. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test and Student t-test. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Efficacy of palonosetron was assessed by complete response (CR), use of rescue medication, gratification score and severity of nausea. The P value of all efficacy parameters was <0.05 which was statistically significant. Safety parameters include adverse reactions related to palonosetron or other adverse drug events. Adverse drug reactions were less in group A compared to Group B. Conclusion Palonosetron was more efficacious than ondansetron in controlling PONV in a post-surgical patient undergoing general anaesthesia. Palonosetron was found equally safe as ondansetron.
Potency of Balinese Kecombrang (Etlingeraelatior) Extract As Antioxidant Against The Activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH) And Fatty liver in Obese rats
Authors: Bogoriani Ni Wayan , Ariati Komang , Eka Pratiwi I Gusti Ayu Putu
Published: April 2022

Kecombrang is a plant that contains many antioxidants such as polyphenols, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and steroids. The purpose of this study was to observe the potential of the ethanolic extract of kecombrang flowers and stems as an antioxidant on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione (GSH)and fatty liver of obese wistar rats. This study used 24 rats divided into 4 treatment groups, namely the normal group (standard diet), group 1 (high fat diet), group 2 (high fat diet + 100 mg / kg bw kecombrang flowers extract) and group 3 (high fat diet + 100 mg / kg bw kecombrang stems extract). The treatment duration was 30 days and on the last treatment day, the rats were fasted for 14 hours and then their blood was taken and dissected for measurement of SOD, and GSH activity. Liver was taken for fatty liver analysis. The results showed that the extracts intake of kecombrang flowers and stems gave increase SOD and GSH concentrations and decrease fatty liver with significant differences (p <0.05).It can be concluded that the intake of kecombrang flower and stem extracts have the potential as an antioxidant against SOD, GSH activity, and reduce fatty liver.
Extensive public health initiatives drive the elimination of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) from a town in regional Queensland: A case study from Gin Gin, Australia
Authors: Trewin Brendan J. , Montgomery Brian L. , Hurst Tim P. , Gilmore Jason S. , Endersby-Harshman Nancy M. , Crisp Greg J.
Published: April 2022

Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of exotic arboviruses (dengue, chikungunya and Zika) in Australia. Once established across much of Australia, this mosquito species remains prevalent in central and northern Queensland. In 2011, Ae. aegypti was re-discovered in the town of Gin Gin, Queensland, by health authorities during routine larval surveillance. This town is situated on a major highway that provides a distribution pathway into the highly vulnerable and populous region of the state where the species was once common. Following the detection, larval habitat and adult control activities were conducted as a public health intervention to eliminate the Ae. aegypti population and reduce the risk of exotic disease transmission. Importantly, genetic analysis revealed a homogenous cluster and small effective population vulnerable to an elimination strategy. By 2015, adult surveillance revealed the population had expanded throughout the centre of the town. In response, a collaboration between research agencies and local stakeholders activated a second control program in 2016 that included extensive community engagement, enhanced entomologic surveillance and vector control activities including the targeting of key containers, such as unsealed rainwater tanks. Here we describe a model of the public health intervention which successfully reduced the Ae. aegypti population below detection thresholds, using source reduction, insecticides and novel, intensive genetic surveillance methods. This outcome has important implications for future elimination work in small towns in regions sub-optimal for Ae. aegypti presence and reinforces the longstanding benefits of a partnership model for public health-based interventions for invasive urban mosquito species.
Potential geographic distribution of relict plant Pteroceltis tatarinowii in China under climate change scenarios
Authors: Yang Jingtian , Jiang Pan , Huang Yi , Yang Yulin , Wang Rulin , Yang Yuxia
Published: April 2022

Pteroceltis tatarinowii (Pteroceltis: Ulmaceae) is a deciduous tree that has a cultivation history of more than 2000 years in China. As an excellent afforestation tree species and rare and endangered tertiary relic plant, P. tatarinowii has high ecological protection value. Due to the forest destruction caused by predatory logging and natural environmental factors, the population of P. tatarinowii in China has decreased significantly. In this study, the potential geographical distribution of P. tatarinowii in China under climate change was predicted using MaxEnt model and ArcGIS based on 223 effective distribution points of P. tatarinowii and 11 environmental variables. The results showed that: (1) the prediction accuracy of MaxEnt model was extremely high, and the areas under curve (AUC) value of the training data was 0.936; The area of the potential suitable habitat area of P. tatarinowii under current climate condition was 180.84×104 km2, and mainly located in the central and southeast regions of China. (2) The domain environmental variables affecting the potential geographical distribution of P. tatarinowii were min temperature of coldest month (12.1~22.7°C), isothermality (26.6~35.8), mean diurnal range 6.9~9.3°C and precipitation of wettest month (189.5 ~955.5 mm). (3) In 2050s and 2070s, compared with current (4.19×104 km2), the area of highly suitable habitat will increase by 0.2%-0.3% (RCP2.6) and 1.22%-3.84% (RCP8.5) respectively. while the poorly, moderately and total suitable habitats will decrease. The gravity center of P. tatarinowii showed a trend of migration to higher latitudes and northern regions in the future. These results will provide theoretical basis for cultivation management and resource protection of P. tatarinowii.
Five studies evaluating the impact on mental health and mood of recalling, reading, and discussing fiction
Authors: Carney James , Robertson Cole
Published: April 2022

Does reading fiction improve mental health and well-being? We present the results of five studies that evaluated the impact of five forms of exposure to fiction. These included the effects of recalling reading fiction, of being prescribed fiction, of discussing fiction relative to non-fiction, and of discussing literary fiction relative to best-seller fiction. The first three studies directly recruited participants; the final two relied on scraped social media data from Reddit and Twitter. Results show that fiction can have a positive impact on measures of mood and emotion, but that a process of mnemonic or cognitive consolidation is required first: exposure to fiction does not, on its own, have an immediate impact on well-being.
Regularized Bayesian calibration and scoring of the WD-FAB IRT model improves predictive performance over marginal maximum likelihood
Authors: Chang Joshua C. , Porcino Julia , Rasch Elizabeth K. , Tang Larry
Published: April 2022

Item response theory (IRT) is the statistical paradigm underlying a dominant family of generative probabilistic models for test responses, used to quantify traits in individuals relative to target populations. The graded response model (GRM) is a particular IRT model that is used for ordered polytomous test responses. Both the development and the application of the GRM and other IRT models require statistical decisions. For formulating these models (calibration), one needs to decide on methodologies for item selection, inference, and regularization. For applying these models (test scoring), one needs to make similar decisions, often prioritizing computational tractability and/or interpretability. In many applications, such as in the Work Disability Functional Assessment Battery (WD-FAB), tractability implies approximating an individual’s score distribution using estimates of mean and variance, and obtaining that score conditional on only point estimates of the calibrated model. In this manuscript, we evaluate the calibration and scoring of models under this common use-case using Bayesian cross-validation. Applied to the WD-FAB responses collected for the National Institutes of Health, we assess the predictive power of implementations of the GRM based on their ability to yield, on validation sets of respondents, ability estimates that are most predictive of patterns of item responses. Our main finding indicates that regularized Bayesian calibration of the GRM outperforms the regularization-free empirical Bayesian procedure of marginal maximum likelihood. We also motivate the use of compactly supported priors in test scoring.
Genes and elements involved in the regulation of the nervous system and growth affect the development of spinal deformity in Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Bagi Zoltán , Balog Katalin , Tóth Bianka , Fehér Milán , Bársony Péter , Baranyai Edina , Harangi Sándor , Ashrafzadeh Mohammad Reza , Hegedűs Bettina , Stündl László , Kusza Szilvia
Published: April 2022

Spinal deformity is a serious economic and animal welfare problem in intensive fish farming systems, which will be a significant unsolved problem for the fish sector. The aim of this study was to determine the relative expression of genes (Akt1 substrate 1, Calreticulin, Collagen type I alpha 2 chain, Corticotropin-releasing hormone, Chromodomain-Helicase DNA-binding, Growth hormone, Insulin like growth factor 1, Myostatin, Sine oculis-related homeobox 3, Toll-like receptor 2) in different tissues associated with spinal deformity and to determine the macroelement (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfur) and microelement (barium, copper, iron, manganese, strontium, zinc) content of spine in healthy and deformed common carps (Cyprinus carpio) in Hungary. The mRNA levels of the genes were measured in 7 different tissues (abdominal fat, blood, brain, dorsal muscle, genitals, heart, liver) by qRT-PCR. Correlations between gene expression and element content were analyzed by using linear regression and Spearman rank correlation. In a total of 15 cases, we found a statistically significant connection between gene expression in a tissue and the macro- or microelement content of the spine. In these contexts, the genes Akt1 substrate 1 (3), Collagen type I alpha 2 chain (2), Corticotropin-releasing hormone (4), Insulin-like growth factor 1 (4), and Myostatin (2), the tissue’s blood (3), brain (6), heart (5), and liver (1), the macroelements sodium (4), magnesium (4), phosphorus (1) and sulfur (2) as well as the microelement iron (4) were involved. We also found statistically significant mRNA level differences between healthy and deformed common carps in tissues that were not directly affected by the deformation. Based on our results, genes regulating the nervous system and growth, elements, and tissues are the most associated components in the phenomenon of spinal deformity. With our study, we wish to give direction to and momentum for the exploration of these complex processes.
An exploratory study of outpatient medication knowledge and satisfaction with medication counselling at selected hospital pharmacies in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Abdu-Aguye Samirah N. , Labaran Kamilu S. , Danjuma Nuhu M. , Mohammed Shafiu
Published: April 2022

Background

Medication counselling is an important activity that improves patient therapeutic outcomes. After this activity has been carried out, patients should be satisfied with counselling, and possess adequate knowledge about their medications.

Objectives

To describe outpatient/caregiver medication knowledge and satisfaction with medication counselling at the main outpatient pharmacies of eight public secondary and tertiary hospitals located in two states in Northwestern Nigeria.

Methods

Exit interviews were conducted from December 2019 to March 2020 with randomly sampled patients/caregivers who had just been dispensed one or more prescription medications from the main pharmacies of the hospitals. The questionnaire used contained 31 questions in three sections. The first section collected demographic information. The second section assessed respondents’ experiences and overall satisfaction with the counselling they had received. The last section evaluated respondents’ knowledge of one randomly selected prescription medication that had been dispensed to them. Data collected were coded and analyzed to generate descriptive statistics. To explore associations between respondent characteristics and overall satisfaction, non-parametric tests were used, and statistical significance set at p<0.05.

Results

A total of 684 patients/caregivers were interviewed. Majority of respondents agreed that the time spent (97.1%) and quantity of information (99.1%) provided during counselling was adequate. However, over 60% of them also agreed that dispensers did not assess their understanding of information provided or invite them to ask questions. Despite this, their average overall satisfaction with counselling on a 10-point scale was 8.6 ± 1.6. Over 90% of them also correctly identified the routes and frequency of administration of the prescribed medication selected for the knowledge assessment. Although, more than 60% of respondents did not know the duration of therapy or names of these medications.

Conclusion

Respondents’ satisfaction with medication counselling was fairly high even though they did not seem to know much about their medication.
Foeto-maternal complications associated with low birth weight: A prospective multicenter study in northern Ghana
Authors: Ahenkorah Benjamin , Sakyi Samuel Asamoah , Helegbe Gideon , Owiredu Eddie-Williams , Fondjo Linda Ahenkorah , Ofosu Winfred , Der Edmund Muonir , Amoani Benjamin , Larbi Amma Aboagyewa , Cheetham Susanna , Arthur-Johnson Priscilla , Kwablah Grant Jenny , Gyan Ben
Published: April 2022

Objective

The study evaluated the socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric variables and foeto-maternal complications associated with low birth weight (LBW) in order to provide better treatment and management options.

Methods

The prospective study conducted from February, 2019 to June, 2020 recruited 312 primigravid pregnant women who reported for antenatal care in three tertiary referral hospitals in northern Ghana. Their socio-demographic, obstetric and adverse foeto-maternal outcome information were obtained with a well-structured questionnaire according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. Participants’ blood samples were collected for haematological tests. Odds ratio [OR, 95% confidence interval (CI)] for the association between socio-demographic, obstetric characteristics, foeto-maternal complications and haematological tests in relation to LBW were assessed using logistic regression model.

Results

This study reported a LBW prevalence of 13.5%. Increasing maternal systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 1st visit, before and after delivery significantly increased the odds of LBW. Preterm delivery (PTD<37 weeks) (COR = 9.92, 95% CI (4.87–2020), p<0.001), preeclampsia (PE) (COR = 5.94, 95% CI (2.96–11.94), p<0.001), blood transfusion (COR = 14.11, 95% CI (2.50–79.65), p = 0.003), caesarian delivery (COR = 3.86, 95% CI (1.96–7.58), p<0.001) and male sex neonates (COR = 2.25, 95%CI (1.14–4.47), P = 0.020) presented with increased odds of LBW. Increasing gestational age at delivery presented with 28% reduced odds of LBW (COR = 0.72, 95% CI (1.12–4.40), P = 0.023). Upon controlling for potential confounders in multivariate logistic regression, only gestational age at delivery (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI (0.47–0.96), P = 0.030) remained significantly associated with reduced odds of LBW.

Conclusion

This study found that high blood pressure at 1st visit, before and after delivery results in increased chances of delivering a baby with LBW. Furthermore, PTD<37 weeks, having PE in current pregnancy, and male sex potentiate the risk of LBW. On the other hand, increasing gestational age reduces the risk of LBW. Thus, we recommend that midwives should intensify education to pregnant women on the benefits of regular ANC visits to aid in the early detection of adverse foeto-maternal complications. We also recommend proper clinical management of pregnancies associated with an elevated blood pressure at registration. Also, maternal intrapartum blood pressure measurement could be used to predict LBW in low resourced settings.
Developing new business models from a controller perspective
Authors: Szóka Károly
Published: April 2022

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and its effects, the pandemic and the new market trends that are emerging as a result, pose significant challenges for companies. Flexibility is no longer enough, adapting to digitalization, developing a new business model using an integrated work environment and self-service business intelligence are needed. The controller plays a key role in this process, as a business partner is actively involved in building the models. The controller has several new or refocused tools at their disposal, such as multidimensional decision-making procedures, digital reports, scenario analysis, specialized KPIs, and more. This study reviews how these tools can help shape a new business model, and how this digitalization can help.
Transoceanic trade triangle of the US-EU-China
Authors: Kovács Eszter
Published: April 2022

As part of global trade, the emergence of free trade agreements has
resulted in the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers over the past
seventy years. The major trade actors (European Union, United States, and
China) have become economic rivals, which make them compete in
confrontational or cooperative ways for greater benefits and welfare. This
paper discusses three free trade agreements between the US‒EU‒China: the
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), EU-China
Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI), and the Economic And Trade
Agreement Between The Government Of The United States Of America And The
Government Of The People’s Republic Of China (ETA). The author’s
contribution is the creation of alternative scenarios to analyse the
effects of these treaties on profit from a game theoretical approach. The
results of this model suggest that cooperation generates greater economic
benefits in each situation compared to competitive strategy. At the same
time, players’ welfare cannot be identified with profit in all cases.
Taller Los Canales de Aprendizaje en el Ingreso Universitario 2020. Una experiencia de autoconocimiento en la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la UNL
Authors: Fascendini Paola , Guaita María Lucila , Ojeda Néstor
Published: April 2022

Las investigaciones educativas permiten clarificar el rol troncal que ejercen los canales de aprendizaje a la hora de incorporar un saber. La experiencia fue llevada a cabo en el Taller del ingreso universitario 2020 en la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, denominado Canales de aprendizaje una eficaz forma de aprender. El objetivo del mismo fue buscar la creación de espacios de autoconocimiento relacionados con la propia manera de aprender. Por tal razón se administraron diversas técnicas durante el transcurso de dos horas y luego se aplicó un Test de Canales de Aprendizaje de Lynn O Brien (1990) conformado por 36 afirmaciones vinculadas a los diversos canales visual, auditivo y kinestésico. Mediante cada afirmación propuesta el sujeto señala la que corresponde a su manera habitual de conducirse para obtener un perfil individual. Se aplicó a 186 estudiantes ingresantes. Los resultados a los que se arribaron refieren que el 35,9 % de los estudiantes prefiere el canal visual para sus aprendizajes, el 33,9% el canal auditivo y el 30,2% el canal kinestésico. Como conclusión se reconoce una variedad importante de canales que muestran la necesidad de instaurar una educación multisensorial en toda instancia de aprendizaje.
La motivación en la formación de profesionales en la universidad del siglo XXI. Sus particularidades en las carreras pedagógicas cubanas
Authors: Aldaya Yordania Oro , Curbelo Fermín Hurtado , Fuentes Sánchez  Maxleni
Published: April 2022

La interdependencia entre desarrollo social y calidad de formación de profesionales en la universidad del siglo XXI, exige mayores niveles de consolidación y con ello las preocupaciones y esfuerzos por concebir, organizar y ejecutar de manera efectiva una educación superior de excelencia en correspondencia con las dinámicas y crecientes necesidades del país y el mundo de hoy, donde el estudiante alcance en el cumplimiento del currículum, una mayor motivación profesional y así constituir una tendencia orientadora de la conducta y la personalidad del adolescente, de ahí la importancia que esto sea el eje conductor del quehacer institucional, y poder cumplir con el encargo social de entregar a la sociedad un profesional capaz de enfrentarse a los problemas científicos, técnicos, culturales y sociales tanto en el terreno nacional como internacional con competencia, desempeño y sustentado en los valores más puros de la identidad nacional y cultural cubana. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar realidades contemporáneas sobre la temática y sus particularidades en las carreras pedagógicas cubanas.
La calidad de la práctica educativa en el nivel universitario. Un estudio de casos con foco en el sistema de actividad
Authors: De Vincenzi Ariana , Marcano Dairaliz , Macri Alejandra
Published: April 2022

Para analizar la configuración de buenas prácticas educativas como noción de transformación de la calidad en el nivel universitario, se realizó una investigación cualitativa de abordaje descriptivo-explicativo y diseño de estudio de casos, mediante las técnicas de observación de clases y entrevistas con profesores y estudiantes de una universidad privada argentina con una orientación pedagógica explicitada en su proyecto institucional. El enfoque teórico del estudio se sustentó en la Teoría de la Actividad y el enfoque ecológico de la práctica educativa. En el sistema áulico que configura una práctica educativa de calidad, estudiantes y profesores se involucran en un proceso formativo caracterizado por el intercambio sociocultural de expectativas, experiencias, actitudes y conocimientos en torno a un objeto consensuado y transformado, mediante sus interacciones, en un producto que evidencia los resultados del aprendizaje.
Continuous Thoracic Paravertebral Block to Treat Electrical Storm
Authors: Smith Daryl I. , Kralovic Sarah A. , Hegazy Rafeek A. , Tran Hai
Published: April 2022

Continuous ganglion block is increasingly being used to help manage ventricular tachyarrhythmias. We present the cases of 2 patients in whom we used continuous left thoracic paravertebral block to achieve sympathetic denervation and improvement in drug-refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Whether as destination therapy or bridging therapy, we conclude that the block is safe, improves patients' comfort, and is superior in several ways to stellate ganglion block and other single-injection techniques.
Zastosowanie treningu neurofeedback w pracy z dziećmi z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim. Projekt procedury
Authors: Rochatka Weronika
Published: April 2022

As a method of training neurofeedback has proved to be effective in education and therapy of children (e.g., with ADHD, autism spectrum or specific learning disorders). However, there are no neurofeedback training protocols targeting individuals with a mild intellectual disability. Therefore, I designed a neurofeedback procedure for children with this disability; it focuses on attention span training. In this study I presented the pre-planned procedure to the child’s parent to determine whether the proposed method is feasible for work with a child with a mild intellectual disability. After learning the parents’ opinion, I indicate the possible further stages of developing a neurofeedback strategy for working with children with a mild intellectual disability. Finally, I demonstrate the future directions of research and planning of neurofeedback procedures for individuals with special needs.
Propedeutyka wiedzy o mediacji w szkole. Kompetencje mediacyjne nauczyciela i ucznia
Authors: Łacina-Łanowski Artur
Published: April 2022

The changes attendant to the social and political system had an impact on Polish schools. Due to these changes, teachers need to handle such challenges as a tarnished image of schools and teachers, hyperactive parents, excessively direct students’ behaviors and social problems, especially school violence; all of them are greatly deconstructive for the school system. An effective coping method is not only teachers’ lifelong development, especially in terms of social competencies, but also establishing students’ competencies from the very early stage of education. To achieve that, teachers should create a suitable atmosphere in the area of interpersonal relations, which can be achieved by creating a very effective internal communication system. A constructive dialog at school may importantly influence not only the development of students’ mediation skills, but also the mitigation of conflicts and tensions. This is also a key component of facilitating the mediation process.
Umiejętności społeczno-emocjonalne w uczeniu się jako procesie poznawania siebie i świata
Authors: Barabasz Grażyna
Published: April 2022

The author discusses the Concept of Multidimensional Skills (for education) presented in the Report of the World Bank Learning to realize education`s promise (2018), with particular emphasis on its first part - socio-emotional skills. Socio-emotional skills are the basic competences for learning, for getting to know oneself, for developing awareness of oneself and the social world, and for building social relationships. The author analyzes the learning process in various contexts.
Rzeczywistość rozszerzona w edukacji przełomu dekad: 2019-2021
Authors: Topol Paweł
Published: April 2022

The aim of the article is an attempt to analyze the use of Augmented Reality in educational applications over the last few years. The first part is devoted to defining the concept more precisely, because AR may seem ambiguous. The second part of the article introduces selected educational applications of AR in different subjects or teaching/learning, e.g. in science/mathematics, natural science or in language learning. Research projects for applications in various teaching solutions will also be referenced. The third and final part contains a brief review of AR literature in recent years.
Nauczanie zdalne z perspektywy uczniów i nauczycieli. Przykład zastosowania modelu wirtualnego w nauczaniu zdalnym w klasach starszych w szkole podstawowej Cogito w Poznaniu
Authors: Abramowicz Dawid , Banasiak Żaneta , Kędra Marzena , Hoffman Paweł , Pilna Dorota
Published: April 2022

Remote education is not a new issue discussed in the literature, but in the face of the restrictions introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic, this type of education has developed dynamically. In the conditions of technological progress, it seems that particularly interesting in remote education is the virtual model, applied in March-June 2020 at the level of primary education at the Cogito Public Primary School in Poznań. In order to identify and evaluate remote education in the virtual model from the perspective of students and teachers, surveys with the use of an on-line questionnaire were carried out.
Społeczne determinanty rozwoju twórczej wyobraźni w ujęciu kulturowo- -historycznym – wybrane aspekty
Authors: Gąsiorek Przemysław
Published: April 2022

In this article, I analyze the social determinants of the development of creative imagination. Due to its importance, this phenomenon is one of the main areas of research in pedagogy and psychology, which, however, despite numerous analyzes, has not been sufficiently explained. One interpretation of the understanding of imagination as a social mental activity is outlined here. This approach is presented mainly in the works of L.S. Vygotski and his students. Their analyses go beyond the mechanical understanding of the imagination and the dualistic division of the imagined and real worlds. The cultural-historical theory of the development of creative imagination describes it as an internalized system of social relations. The development of this form of imagination, according to Vygotsky, is the main goal of human development. The most effective way to achieve it is education, which “nurtures” in the child all manifestations of a socially creative imagination.
Marina Aromsztam – rosyjski pedagog innowator
Authors: Jeleńska Weronika
Published: April 2022

The article introduces the Russian pedagogue Marina Aromshtam, whose contribution to modern, post-Soviet pedagogy gives her a special significance in contemporary science. Her activity at school has been illustrated by examples of two outstanding works Like a Diary. Teachers’ Stories and When Angels  Rest. The writer’s detailed biography helps to show in detail a number of changes and innovations which, thanks to her numerous articles and books, have influenced many people. Importantly, it has revived the practice of family reading, strongly involved parents in the education of their children, and has disseminated knowledge about the world among readers large and small. As a strong woman, she made significant changes in contemporary pedagogy and became a true patron of children’s education.
Translation Teasers
Authors: Clark David
Published: April 2022

This article presents a fairly random selection of problems encountered over many years in dealing with Bible translations in languages of very diverse families in various distant lands. These include Russia, Thailand, Cambodia, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The issues discussed relate to natural phenomena such as landscape and seasons, flora and fauna, and also pronoun nuances, personal names and other aspects of social relations, as well as figurative language and idioms.
The relationship between night shift work and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Hong Jiaze , He Yujing , Fu Rongrong , Si Yuexiu , Xu Binbin , Xu Jiaxuan , Li Xiangyuan , Mao Feiyan
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between night shift work and breast cancer (BC) incidence. A search was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases before June 2021. The exposure factor of this study is night shift work, the primary outcome is the risk of BC. A total of 33 observational studies composed of 4,331,782 participants were included. Night shift work increases the risk of BC in the female population (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 1.10–1.31,p< 0.001), especially receptor-positive BC, including estrogen receptor (ER)+ BC (HR = 1.35,p< 0.001), progesterone receptor (PR)+ BC (HR = 1.30,p= 0.003), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ BC (HR = 1.42,p< 0.001), but has no effect on HER2− BC (HR = 1.10,p= 0.515) and ER−/PR− BC (HR = 0.98,p= 0.827). The risk of BC was positively correlated with night shift working duration, frequency, and cumulative times. For women who start night work before menopause, night work will increase the incidence of BC (HR = 1.17,p= 0.020), but for women who start night work after menopause, night work does not affect BC (HR = 1.04,p= 0.293). Night work can increase the incidence of BC in the female population. The effect of long working hours, frequency, and the cumulative number of night shifts on BC is influenced by menopausal status.
Digging Holes and Building Walls: Spatial Imaginations of the Law in Stories by Franz Kafka and Rachel Shihor
Authors: Schmalz Dana
Published: April 2022

Stories shape our thinking about legal relationships and the challenges of law. This paper is interested in the ways, in which spatial constellations are imagined in connection with the law. It analyzes selected stories by Franz Kafka and Rachel Shihor alongside each other. Legal themes permeate these stories. Their fictive dialogue brings forth contrasting imaginations of community, universalism, and human limitations. Starting with their variations on the Tower of Babel story, the paper then discusses Kafka’s “The Great Wall of China”, “Before the Law”, and “The Burrow”, as well as Shihor’s “The Bridge”, “The Bus”, “The Door”, and “Questions”. These stories illuminate Kafka’s and Shihor’s rich, narrative vocabulary of spatial imaginations of the law, and the fruitful contrast of their perspectives.
Broken Justice: Justice and Relativism in the Work of Friedrich Dürrenmatt
Authors: Maestri Enrico
Published: April 2022

In this essay I intend to examine and discuss three theses that recurrently appear in the works of Friedrich Dürrenmatt. I shall first identify the three theses in order to clarify the focus of my research. Dürrenmatt puts forward at least three theses to relating to 1. the paradoxical nature of human justice; 2. the demystification of apparent atheistic nihilism; 3. the neutralising effect of the contradiction inherent in divine justice. The conclusion I will try to reach is that if one accepts the three above-stated theses, justice is broken, but not irreparably.
In situ synthesis of Ag NPs in the galactomannan based biodegradable composite for the development of active packaging films
Authors: Malwade Mayuri , Chaudhari Rajnandini , Sharma Lokesh , Kahandal Amol , Sirdeshmukh Vedashree , Rajdeo Kishor , Tagad Chandrakant
Published: April 2022

The application of plastics in the food and agriculture industries as packaging materials is immense. However, the damage caused to the environment by accumulating such non-biodegradable plastics has led to the development of better alternatives. This has caused an increase in the use of synthetic polymers and proteins for the production of biodegradable films as an alternative to packaging plastics. In this study, a novel approach for the fabrication of homogenous and biodegradable films using PVA/galactomannan/gelatin (PGG) composite has been developed. The in-situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was attained by hydrothermal reduction. The formation of Ag NPs within the PGG composite imparted substantial antimicrobial properties to the films. The optical properties of Ag NPs-PGG composite and its films were characterized using UV–vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Ag NPs-PGG films were evaluated for their physical and mechanical properties and cytotoxicity and were found to have high tensile strength, flexibility and biocompatibility. The films were also subjected to an in-door soil burial test for 15 days and were observed to decompose rapidly. The developed Ag NPs-PGG composite films with bactericidal properties have potential use in food packaging and various biomedical applications.