bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary treatment of disability in ehlers–danlos syndrome hypermobility type/hypermobility syndrome: A pilot study using a combination of physical and cognitive‐behavioral therapy on 12 women
Authors: Bathen Trine , Hångmann Anett Bjørnødegård , Hoff Marie , Andersen Liv Øinæs , Rand‐Hendriksen Svend
Published: August 2013

Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome hypermobility type (EDS–HT) and joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) are two overlapping heritable connective tissue disorders. Patients with these conditions have many and various complaints; limitations in performing daily activities, reduced muscle strength and proprioception, kinesiophobia, and pain. There is a lack of evidence‐based treatment approaches; a few studies have shown effect of physiotherapy. Many authors propose multidisciplinary treatment, but this has neither been described nor evaluated for this patient group. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate if a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program combining physical and cognitive‐behavioral therapy was feasible, safe and effective for 12 women with EDS–HT/JHS. Intervention was offered as a group program and consisted of three parts: (1) Two and a half week in a rehabilitation unit with testing, physical training, group discussions and lectures. (2) Individual home exercises for three months with weekly guidance by local physiotherapist. (3) Readmission four days for retesting and further training advice. All participants completed the intervention. We found significant changes in perceived performance of daily activities, significant increase of muscle strength and endurance and a significant reduction of kinesiophobia. There were smaller changes in self‐perceived pain. The participants also reported increased participation in daily life. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Animal models and therapeutic prospects for Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Bouhy Delphine , Timmerman Vincent
Published: August 2013

Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) neuropathies are inherited neuromuscular disorders caused by a length‐dependent neurodegeneration of peripheral nerves. More than 900 mutations in 60 different genes are causative of the neuropathy. Despite significant progress in therapeutic strategies, the disease remains incurable. The increasing number of genes linked to the disease, and their considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity render the development of these strategies particularly challenging. In this context, cellular and animals models provide powerful tools. Efficient motor and sensory tests have been developed to assess the behavioral phenotype in transgenic animal models (rodent and fly). When these models reproduce a phenotype comparable to CMT, they allow therapeutic approaches and the discovery of modifiers and biomarkers. In this review, we describe the most convincing transgenic rodent and fly models of CMT and how they can lead to clinical trial. We also discuss the challenges that the research, the clinic, and the pharmaceutical industry will face in developing efficient and accessible treatment for CMT patients. Ann Neurol 2013;74:391–396
Rheological and mechanical behavior of long‐polymer‐fiber reinforced thermoplastic pellets
Authors: Bayerl Thomas , Mitschang Peter
Published: August 2013

Polymer–polymer materials consist of a thermoplastic matrix and a thermoplastic reinforcement. Recent research activities concentrate on the manufacturing of semi‐finished polymer–polymer materials in other shapes than the commercially available tapes and sheets. In particular, a pellet‐like form provides the possibility of processing the polymer–polymer material by injection and compression molding. Nevertheless, the thermoplastic reinforcement is vulnerable to excessive heat and the processing usually needs special attention. The current study investigates the processing of long‐polymer‐fiber reinforced thermoplastic pellets, namely polypropylene‐polyethylene terephthalate and a single‐polymer polyethylene terephthalate, by extrusion for subsequent compression molding applications. The flow characteristics of the material as well as the preservation of the polymer reinforcement can be handled by accurate temperature control. The tensile and impact properties decrease with increasing process temperature though. Moreover, the results prove that the use of a common long‐fiber reinforced thermoplastic process chain is applicable to the newly developed polymer–polymer material. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39716.
P3HT : PCBM solar cells—The choice of source material
Authors: Ng Annie , Liu Xiang , Jim Wai Yan , Djurišić Aleksandra B. , Lo Kin Cheung , Li Sheung Yin , Chan Wai Kin
Published: August 2013

Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on P3HT : PCBM blend films are among the most intensively studied polymer solar cells. In spite of that, there is a huge variation of reported efficiencies in the literature, even for same device architectures and film preparation procedures. Here we investigated the influence of starting properties of P3HT and PCBM (different suppliers) on blend film morphology and device performance. We found that there was a strong dependence of the film morphology and device performance on the source of chemicals used. Both P3HT and PCBM affected the results, and higher nominal purity did not necessarily result in better device performance. The dependence of the film morphology and device performance on the properties of P3HT and PCBM is discussed in detail. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39776.
Social tagging in the scholarly world
Authors: Xu Chen , Ma Benjiang , Chen Xiaohong , Ma Feicheng
Published: August 2013

The number of research studies on social tagging has increased rapidly in the past years, but few of them highlight the characteristics and research trends in social tagging. A set of 862 academic documents relating to social tagging and published from 2005 to 2011 was thus examined using bibliometric analysis as well as the social network analysis technique. The results show that social tagging, as a research area, develops rapidly and attracts an increasing number of new entrants. There are no key authors, publication sources, or research groups that dominate the research domain of social tagging. Research on social tagging appears to focus mainly on the following three aspects: (a) components and functions of social tagging (e.g., tags, tagging objects, and tagging network), (b) taggers' behaviors and interface design, and (c) tags' organization and usage in social tagging. The trend suggest that more researchers turn to the latter two integrated with human computer interface and information retrieval, although the first aspect is the fundamental one in social tagging. Also, more studies relating to social tagging pay attention to multimedia tagging objects and not only text tagging. Previous research on social tagging was limited to a few subject domains such as information science and computer science. As an interdisciplinary research area, social tagging is anticipated to attract more researchers from different disciplines. More practical applications, especially in high‐tech companies, is an encouraging research trend in social tagging.
Bestimmung der Verkehrseinwirkung auf Brückentragwerke aus Messungen an Fahrbahnübergangskonstruktionen
Authors: Marx Steffen , von der Haar Christoph , Liebig Jan Peter , Grünberg Jürgen
Published: August 2013

Die Nutzungsdauer bestehender Brückenbauwerke wird neben Korrosionseinflüssen hauptsächlich durch die vorangegangenen, die gegenwärtigen sowie durch die prognostizierten ermüdungsrelevanten Beanspruchungen bestimmt. Diese resultieren in erster Linie aus den verkehrenden Schwerlastfahrzeugen. Voraussetzung, um Aussagen über die Zuverlässigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit von Straßenbrücken treffen zu können, ist die realistische Abbildung der Einwirkungen aus dem Schwerverkehr. Informationen zur Schwerverkehrszusammensetzung, dem durchschnittlich täglichen Schwerverkehrsaufkommen sowie zu den Achs‐ und Fahrzeuggesamtgewichten können für einen festgelegten Standort mithilfe von Weigh‐In‐Motion‐Systemen ermittelt werden. Ein solches System, bestehend aus optischen und taktilen Messeinrichtungen, wurde an den Überbauten sowie an den Fahrbahnübergangskonstruktionen von zwei Bestandsbauwerken realisiert. An Auszügen aus den Mess‐ und Auswerteergebnissen wird dargestellt, dass der aktuelle Verkehr auch auf diese Weise quantifiziert werden kann.

Identification of traffic loads by measurements at expansion joints

The service life of existing bridges depends on the previous, present and predicted fatigue stresses. These are primarily caused by passing heavy gross vehicles. Prerequisite for statements about the reliability and durability are realistic load models of heavy traffic. Information about the heavy traffic conditions, the average daily traffic volume and the axle loads and gross vehicle weights of the heavy gross vehicles can be determined by Weigh‐In‐Motion systems. Such a system consisting of optical and tactile measuring devices has been realized at the superstructure and the expansion joint of two existing bridge structures. Extracts of the measurement and evaluation results will be presented to show that current traffic loads can also be quantified in this manner.
Minimierte Konstruktion – maximale Effekte
Authors: Meyer Ulf , Bechmann Roland , Noack Torsten , Bauer Michael , Letz Ulrich
Published: August 2013

In Stuttgart wird ein neuer unterirdischer Bahnhof gebaut, der den Anschluss der Stadt an das wachsende europäische Hochgeschwindigkeitsnetz der Bahn erlaubt. Der Entwurf folgt ökologischen, ökonomischen und technischen Parametern und bietet Komfort und Sicherheit. Das Tragwerk zeichnet sich durch eine minimale Konstruktionshöhe sowie eine Reduzierung der Oberflächen und Querschnitte aus. Durch den intelligenten Einsatz natürlicher Energieressourcen entstehen keine CO2‐Emissionen. Das Tragwerk und die Belichtungskegel der Bahnsteighalle verzahnen die Bahnsteigebene mit der Garten‐ und Parklandschaft darüber. Weiträumige Blickbeziehungen und die Eleganz des Tragwerkes geben dem Hauptbahnhof seine unverwechselbare Identität. Die Form des modular aufgebauten Schalentragwerkes basiert auf einem umgekehrten Hängemodell. Analog zum Hängemodell werden die Kräfte zu großen Teilen über eine sehr effektive Schalentragwirkung abgetragen. Der Rand der Öffnungen wird mit einer statisch wie eine Bördel wirkenden, nach oben gewölbten Schale versteift. Der bestehende Bonatz‐Bau und der neue Hauptbahnhof werden zur Keimzelle des Stadtentwicklungsprojekts “Stuttgart 21” und zum Bindeglied von alter und neuer Stadt. Der Schlossgarten bleibt das grüne Herz Stuttgarts – der neue Hauptbahnhof erlaubt sogar eine Erweiterung. Der Park wird an Bedeutung gewinnen, wenn die Innenstadt durch die Bebauung der Flächen der jetzigen Bahngleise größer wird. Der Bonatz‐Bau wird zu einer Stadt‐Loggia mit seinem Turm als Wahrzeichen. Mit dem modernen Bahnhof und dem neuen Stadtteil “Stuttgart 21” wird der Stadt eine neue Mitte gegeben.

Minimized structure – maximum benefits. About the design for the new main railway station in Stuttgart

A new underground central train station will allow for the integration of Stuttgart into the growing network of high‐speed rail traffic in Europe. It follows ecological, economic and technological parameters and provides comfort and security. Its structure is characterized by an elegant concrete‐shell construction. The intelligent use of natural energy resources avoids CO2 emissions. The structure and the lighting cones connect the platform level with the square and park above. Varied and broad views along with the elegance of the supporting structure give the station its unmistakable identity. The form of the modular shell supports is based on a reversed‐suspension model.

The current railway station and the new underground station will be the nucleus of the new urban development of “Stuttgart 21” and will create an interface between the old and new city. The Schlossgarten (palace gardens) remains the green heart of Stuttgart and will only gain in importance as the city expands. Some of the existing rail yards will become part of the park. The historical station building will function as a loggia with its tower continuing to be a major landmark. The new station and the new urban district will give Stuttgart a new centre.
Berliner Gasometer
Authors: Bremer Peter
Published: August 2013

Gasometer würde man heute als Infrastrukturprojekte bezeichnen. Sie dienten der Speicherung von Gas. Die englische Imperial Continental Gas‐Association errichtete ab 1900 in Berlin das Gaswerk Mariendorf mit dem hier beschriebenen Gasometer. Mit Beginn der Erdgasversorgung wurde das Gaswerk stillgelegt und zurückgebaut. Einige Bauwerke wurden unter Denkmalschutz gestellt, u.a. auch das Führungsgerüst des Gasometers. In den über 100 Jahren Standzeit ist der Korrosionsschutz lediglich durch Wiederholungsbeschichtungen bearbeitet worden. Der fortgeschrittene Schadensgrad erfordert nun eine Grundinstandsetzung. Aus konstruktiven und emissionstechnischen Gründen ist eine Oberflächenvorbereitung durch Strahlen nicht möglich. Deshalb werden die Oberflächen mit maschinell angetrieben Werkzeugen entschichtet. Die Beschreibung dieser eher unüblichen Vorgehensweise ist Schwerpunkt dieses Berichtes.

Gasometer of Berlin – Overhaul of a listed guide rail steel structure

In today's terms, we would place a gasometer in the category of infrastructure projects. They were used to store gas. From 1900 onwards the English Imperial Continental Gas‐Association was erecting the gasworks Mariendorf with the gasometer that is described here. When natural gasoline was used for supply, the gasworks was closed and dismantled. Some of the buildings were listed also for example the guide rail steel structure of the gasometer. Over the last 100 years the corrosion prevention was merely maintained through over‐coating. The now advanced corrosion requires an overhaul. The preparation of the surface is not feasible with grid‐blasting, because of structural and emission related issues. Instead the surfaces are being stripped with mechanically driven tools. The focus of this essay is the description of this rather unusual method.
Association of twinning and maternal age with major structural birth defects in Utah, 1999 to 2008
Authors: Rider Renee A. , Stevenson David A. , Rinsky Janice E. , Feldkamp Marcia L.
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND

Twinning is a risk factor for birth defects. Using population‐based data from the Utah Birth Defect Network and the Utah Department of Health Vital Records, we investigated whether twinning increases the risk of major structural birth defects in live‐born opposite‐sex (OS) and same‐sex (SS) twins as proxies for monozygotic and dizygotic twins, respectively. We also assessed whether maternal age modified the association between twinning and birth defects.

METHODS

All resident live‐born singleton (n = 492,143) and twin (n = 13,596) infants issued a Utah birth certificate and delivered from 1999 through 2008 were included. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each birth defect using unconditional logistic regression.

RESULTS

Birth defects were slightly more likely to occur in SS (aOR = 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.70–2.21) than OS (aOR = 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–1.90) twins. The aORs stratified by maternal age did not show a trend for any twin type when calculated for all birth defects combined. However, trends were observed for coarctation, pyloric stenosis, and shaft or penoscrotal hypospadias in OS twins; microcephaly, anotia/microtia, conotruncal defects, membranous ventricular septal defects, pyloric stenosis, all hypospadias, and craniosynostosis in SS twins; and tetralogy of Fallot, right ventricular outflow tract obstructions, renal agenesis/hypoplasia, and craniosynostosis in all twins.

CONCLUSION

All twin types have an increased risk for birth defects compared with singletons. SS twins have the highest risk, presumably due to the influence of monozygotic twins. The risk for birth defects in twins was not significantly modified by the mother's age. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:554‐563, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Candidate gene association study implicates p63 in the etiology of nonsyndromic bladder‐exstrophy‐epispadias complex
Authors: Qi Lihong , Wang Mei , Yagnik Garima , Mattheisen Manuel , Gearhart John P. , lakshmanan Yegappan , Ebert Anne‐Karolin , Rösch Wolfgang , Ludwig Michael , Draaken Markus , Reutter Heiko , Boyadjiev Simeon A.
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND

Bladder‐exstrophy‐epispadias complex (BEEC) is a severe congenital anomaly that represents a spectrum of urological abnormalities where parts or all of the distal urinary tract fail to close during development. Multiple lines of evidence strongly suggested p63 as a plausible candidate gene. We conducted a candidate gene association study to further investigate the role of p63 in human BEEC.

METHODS

We conducted a family‐based association study of p63 using 154 Caucasian patients with nonsyndromic BEEC and their unaffected parents. High throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was carried out using Illumina's Golden Gate Assay for 109 selected tagging SNPs localized within p63 with a minor allele frequency > 0.01. Individual and haplotype SNP transmission disequilibrium tests were conducted using Plink and Haploview, respectively. We also examined parent‐of‐origin effects using paternal asymmetry tests implemented in FAMHAP (http://famhap.meb.uni‐bonn.de/index.html).

RESULTS

Nominally significant associations were identified between BEEC and six SNPs (rs17447782, rs1913720, rs6790167, rs9865857, rs1543969, rs4687100), and four haplotype blocks including or near these significant SNPs. Analysis of parent‐of‐origin effects showed significant results for seven SNPs (rs4118375, rs12696596, rs6779677, rs13091309, rs7642420, rs1913721, and rs1399774). None of these results remained significant after multiple testing correction.

CONCLUSION

The altered transmission of p63 variants in nonsyndromic BEEC patients may be suggestive of its involvement in the disease etiology. Further and large multi‐institutional collaborative studies are required to elucidate the role of p63 in nonsyndromic BEEC. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 97:759–763, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wellenausbreitung in bewehrten Feinbetonpaneelen
Authors: Weber Wolfgang , Curbach Manfred
Published: August 2013

Die Schutzwirkung von bewehrten Feinbetonpaneelen bei dynamischen Einwirkungen bereits im Bemessungsprozess ausreichend genau einzuschätzen, ist eine Aufgabe von hoher Bedeutung und Aktualität. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist die analytische Beschreibung der Wellenausbreitung in einem solchen Bauteil, welches mit Stahlfasergelegen verstärkt ist. Das analytische Modell kann entsprechende experimentelle Untersuchungen begleiten und darüber hinaus an numerische Methoden gekoppelt werden. Es ist damit geeignet, die (Weiter‐)Entwicklung von Regelwerken zur Bemessung von Feinbetonpaneelen unter stoßartigen Einwirkungen aktiv zu begleiten. In einem ersten Schritt der Modellbildung erfolgt eine Beschränkung auf die Behandlung von Scherwellen. Ausgangspunkt ist ein mechanisches Modell, welches die einzelnen Bewehrungselemente einschließlich des Übergangsbereichs zur homogenen Feinbetonmatrix separat abbildet. Die hierdurch entstehenden Differentialgleichungen werden anschließend analytisch gelöst. Den im Bauwesen inhärenten Abweichungen vom geplanten Soll‐Zustand wird beispielhaft dadurch Rechnung getragen, dass die Dicke dieses Übergangsbereichs als Zufallsgröße modelliert wird. Die sich hierdurch ergebenden Auswirkungen auf die Wellenausbreitung werden anschließend aufgezeigt und bewertet.

Wave propagation within panels made of FRC

Properly estimating the protective effect of slender walls made of fine‐grained concrete under dynamic loading is a major task in civil engineering. The aim of this contribution is to analytically describe the wave propagation in such a structural element reinforced with steel fibres. The analytical model may be an addendum to experimental studies and can be coupled to numerical methods. In a first step of modelling shear waves are dealt with. Within the mechanical model every reinforcement element is treated as a single inclusion surrounded by a so‐called interphase embedded in a homogeneous matrix of fine‐grained concrete. The differential equations resulting from this mechanical model are then solved analytically. In civil engineering praxis structural elements produced on‐site regularly differ from the intended configuration. These deviances are exemplarily taken into account by modelling the thicknesses of the interphases surrounding the reinforcement elements as random variables. The consequences of this consideration to the wave propagation are presented and evaluated.
Innovative kritische Infrastrukturen mit Hochleistungsbetonen: Auslegungsmethoden gegen Flugzeuganprall
Authors: Riedel Werner , Nöldgen Markus , Stolz Alexander , Wassmann Wolfgang
Published: August 2013

Flugzeuganprall wird als außergewöhnliche Einwirkung für stark exponierte kritische Infrastrukturen wie Kernkraftwerke oder sehr große Hochhäuser in Betracht gezogen. Der Beitrag stellt die Entwicklung und Validierung neuer Bauwerkskonzepte auf Basis von Hochleistungsbetonen (HPC, UHPC) vor. Als Beispiele dienen ein Hochhaus [1, 2] und ein externes Schutzbauwerk für bestehende Kernkraftwerke [3, 4], bei denen jeweils der Einsatz von Hochleistungsbetonen die Entwicklung innovativer Tragwerke ermöglicht. Die Methoden des Zwei‐Massen‐Schwingers (ZMS) und Finite‐Elemente‐Methoden in der Struktur‐ und Kurzzeitdynamik werden zusammen mit publizierten und eigenen Validierungsexperimenten [5, 6] benützt, um die Grenzdicke (ultra‐)hochfester, faserbewehrter Stahlbetonbauteile zu ermitteln und somit zentrale Sicherheitszonen der Gebäude vor Brand und Trümmerflug zu schützen.

Innovative critical infrastucture with high performance concrete: design against aircraft impact

Aircraft impact is taken into account as exceptional load case for exposed critical infrastructure such as nuclear plants and super‐rise buildings. This contribution introduces the development and validation of new building concepts based on high performance concretes (HPC, UHPC). A high‐rise building [1, 2] and a superstructure for existing nuclear power plants [2, 3] serve as examples with high performance concretes allowing innovative designs. The design methods “Two‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Model” (TDOF, in German ZMS) and Finite Element Methods for transient and structural dynamics are used together with own validation experiments [5, 6] to derive the limit thicknesses of (ultra) high performance concrete elements with fiber reinforcement, protecting the vital zones of the buildings against impact and fire.
Zuverlässigkeit innerhalb der Auslegung von Stahlbetonplatten unter Explosionsbelastung nach Eurocode
Authors: Bach Andreas , Stolz Alexander , Nöldgen Markus , Thoma Klaus
Published: August 2013

Bei der Bemessung von Stahlbetonbauteilen gegenüber Explosionsereignissen werden zurzeit lediglich subjektive oder pauschale Sicherheiten berücksichtigt. Es ist zurzeit ungeklärt, welche Sicherheit für diese besondere Belastungsart innerhalb der Bemessung gewährleistet wird. Es wurde ein an Stoßrohrversuchen validiertes Einmassenschwinger‐Modell mit Zuverlässigkeitsanalysen erster Ordnung verknüpft. Diese Verknüpfung erlaubt es, die vorhandenen Sicherheiten innerhalb der Bemessung zu ermitteln. Die Ergebnisse belegen ein Defizit innerhalb der Auslegung hinsichtlich der nach Eurocode 0 (EC0) geforderten Zuverlässigkeit.

Reliable design of reinforced concrete plates against explosive actions in accordance with the Eurocode

Within the design of reinforced concrete against explosive threats only a subjective or a lump safety is currently considered. Therefore the established safety is unknown. For the estimation of the existing safety of present approaches the SDOF approach has been linked to the first order reliability method, which allows for a derivation of the given reliability. Hereby it could be proven that the considered safety is, compared to the claimed reliability of the Eurocode (EC0), deficient.
Beton und Stahlbetonkonstruktionen unter Explosion und Impakt
Authors: Gebbeken Norbert , Hübner Max , Larcher Martin , Michaloudis Georgios , Pietzsch Achim
Published: August 2013

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit hochdynamischen Einwirkungen auf das Material Beton und auf Stahlbetonkonstruktionen. Zunächst werden die Grundlagen zu den hochdynamischen Einwirkungen Explosion und Impakt kurz beschrieben. Materialien verhalten sich unter diesen Einwirkungen anders als unter statischen Einwirkungen, weshalb auf die Materialmodellierung eingegangen wird. Verfahren der Strukturdynamik können bei Einwirkungen, die lediglich über Millisekunden wirken, gar nicht oder nur in Ausnahmefällen eingesetzt werden. Die sogenannten Hydrocodes sind hier besser geeignet. Anschließend wird gezeigt, wie Stahlbetonkonstruktionen im baulichen Schutz eingesetzt und dimensioniert werden. Um die Anforderungen an die Schutzelemente zu erfüllen, ist die konstruktive Durchbildung von besonderer Bedeutung. Hierfür werden Beispiele aufgeführt.

Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Explosion and Impact

The present paper deals with high dynamic loads acting on concrete material and on reinforced concrete structures. First the explosion and impact events are described briefly. The behavior of materials subjected to high speed loading is different from the behavior under static loads. Therefore concrete material modeling will be shown. Methods of structural dynamics can usually not be applied because high dynamic loads only act over a time period of milliseconds. Therefore a class of hydrocodes will be used. Further the design of reinforced concrete structures which are subjected to explosion and impact is presented. In order to meet the design requirements the corresponding structural detailing has to be considered. Examples will be presented.
A two‐electrode system‐based electrochemiluminescence detection for microfluidic capillary electrophoresis and its application in pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Pan Jianbin , Chen Zuanguang , Yao Meicun , Li Xinchun , Li Yinbao , Sun Duanping , Yu Yanyan
Published: August 2013

A two‐electrode configuration powered by batteries was designed for a microchip capillary electrophoresis–electrochemiluminescence system. A home‐made working electrode for end‐column mode detection and wall‐jet configuration was made up of a platinum wire (0.3 mm diameter) and a quartz capillary (320 µm internal diameter). The platinum wire served as a pseudoreference electrode. The configuration of the detection power supply comprised two D‐size batteries (connected in series), a switch, and an adjustable resistor. The microchip consisted of two layers: the bottom layer was a glass sheet containing injection and separation channels; the upper layer was polydimethylsiloxane block. In order to reduce the loss of electrochemiluminescence signal, a coverslip (0.17 mm thickness) was used as the floor of the detection reservoir. The performance of the system was demonstrated by separation and detection of atropine, anisodamine and proline. The linear response for proline ranged from 5 µm to 100 µm (r = 0.9968), and the limit of detection was 1.0 µm (S/N = 3). The system was further applied to the measurement of atropine in atropine sulfate injection solutions with the limit of detection 2.3 µm. This new system is a potential tool in pharmaceutical analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunopathological effects of malaria pigment or hemozoin and other crystals
Authors: Tyberghein Ariane , Deroost Katrien , Schwarzer Evelin , Arese Paolo , Van den Steen Philippe E.
Published: August 2013

Blood‐stage malaria parasites produce insoluble hemozoin (Hz) crystals that are released in the blood circulation upon schizont rupture. In general, endogenous crystal formation or inhalation of crystalline materials is often associated with pathology. As the immune system responds differently to crystalline particles than to soluble molecules, in this review, the properties, immunological recognition, and pathogenic responses of Hz are discussed, and compared with two other major pathogenic crystals, monosodium urate (MSU) and asbestos. Because of the size and shape of MSU crystals and asbestos fibers, phagolysosomal formation is inefficient and often results in leakage of lysosomal content in the cell cytoplasm and/or in the extracellular environment with subsequent cell damage and cell death. Phagolysosomal formation after Hz ingestion is normal, but Hz remains stored inside these cells for months or even longer without any detectable degradation. Nonetheless, the different types of crystals are recognized by similar immune receptors, involving Toll‐like receptors, the inflammasome, antibodies, and/or complement factors, and through similar signaling cascades, they activate both proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory immune responses that contribute to inflammation‐associated pathology. BioFactors, 40(1):59–78, 2014
Solvent specific persistence length of molecular type I collagen
Authors: Lovelady Heather H. , Shashidhara Satish , Matthews W. Garrett
Published: August 2013

Type I collagen is a fibril‐forming protein largely responsible for the mechanical stability of body tissues. The tissue level properties of collagen have been studied for decades, and an increasing number of studies have been performed at the fibril scale. However, the mechanical properties of collagen at the molecular scale are not well established. In the study presented herein, the persistence length of pepsin digested bovine type I collagen is extracted from the conformations assumed when deposited from solution onto two‐dimensional surfaces. This persistence length is a measure of the flexibility of the molecule. Comparison of the results for molecules deposited from different solvents allows for the study of the effect of the solutions on the flexibility of the molecule and provides insight into the molecule's behavior in situ. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 329–335, 2014.
Anxiety type modulates immediate versus delayed engagement of attention‐related brain regions
Authors: Spielberg Jeffrey M. , De Leon Angeline A. , Bredemeier Keith , Heller Wendy , Engels Anna S. , Warren Stacie L. , Crocker Laura D. , Sutton Bradley P. , Miller Gregory A.
Published: August 2013

Background

Habituation of the fear response, critical for the treatment of anxiety, is inconsistently observed during exposure to threatening stimuli. One potential explanation for this inconsistency is differential attentional engagement with negatively valenced stimuli as a function of anxiety type.

Methods

The present study tested this hypothesis by examining patterns of neural habituation associated with anxious arousal, characterized by panic symptoms and immediate engagement with negatively valenced stimuli, versus anxious apprehension, characterized by engagement in worry to distract from negatively valenced stimuli.

Results

As predicted, the two anxiety types evidenced distinct patterns of attentional engagement. Anxious arousal was associated with immediate activation in attention‐related brain regions that habituated over time, whereas anxious apprehension was associated with delayed activation in attention‐related brain regions that occurred only after habituation in a worry‐related brain region.

Conclusions

Results further elucidate mechanisms involved in attention to negatively valenced stimuli and indicate that anxiety is a heterogeneous construct with regard to attention to such stimuli.
High‐throughput cognitive assessment using BrainTest.org: examining cognitive control in a family cohort
Authors: Sabb Fred W. , Hellemann Gerhard , Lau Deanna , Vanderlan Jessica R. , Cohen Heather J. , Bilder Robert M. , McCracken James T.
Published: August 2013

Introduction

Understanding the relationship between brain and complex latent behavioral constructs like cognitive control will require an inordinate amount of data. Internet‐based methods can rapidly and efficiently refine behavioral measures in very large samples that are needed for genetics and behavioral research. Cognitive control is a multifactorial latent construct that is considered to be an endophenotype in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While previous studies have demonstrated high correlations between Web‐ and lab‐based scores, skepticism remains for its broad implementation.

Methods

Here, we promote a different approach by characterizing a completely Web‐recruited and tested community family sample on measures of cognitive control. We examine the prevalence of attention deficit symptoms in an online community sample of adolescents, demonstrate familial correlations in cognitive control measures, and use construct validation techniques to validate our high‐throughput assessment approach.

Results

A total of 1214 participants performed Web‐based tests of cognitive control with over 200 parent–child pairs analyzed as part of the primary study aims. The data show a wide range of “subclinical” symptomatology in a web community sample of adolescents that supports a dimensional view of attention and also provide preliminary narrow‐sense heritability estimates for commonly used working memory and response inhibition tests.

Conclusions

Finally, we show strong face and construct validity for these measures of cognitive control that generally exceeds the evidence required of new lab‐based measures. We discuss these results and how broad implementation of this platform may allow us to uncover important brain–behavior relationships quickly and efficiently.
Multivariate variographic versus bilinear data modeling
Authors: Minkkinen Pentti , Esbensen Kim Harry
Published: August 2013

Two contrasting multivariate data sets (a process data series vs. a 1‐D geochemical soil profile) are analyzed to illustrate the benefits of using bilinear projection scores for variographic characterization instead of using individual variables. By using absolute variograms on a validated number of component scores, it is possible to make a combined multivariate chemometrics–variogram characterization of heterogeneous processes and materials as well as 1‐D transects, no longer restricted to a one‐variable‐at‐a‐time framework. The usefulness and information on variographic modeling based on scores are illustrated. A new test for randomness of a variogram is presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Naturally‐Occurring Nanoporous Copper Sheet‐Silicate with 6482 Cages Related to Synthetic “CuSH” Phases.
Authors: Welch Mark D. , Rumsey Michael S.
Published: August 2013

The structure of a new naturally‐occurring nanoporous copper silicate of formula Na2CaCu2Si8O20 ·H2O is reported and its relations to synthetic nanoporous, so‐called CuSH phases is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Resolution Structural Characterization of Two Layered Aluminophosphates by Synchrotron Powder Diffraction and NMR Crystallographies.
Authors: Bouchevreau Boris , Martineau Charlotte , Mellot‐Draznieks Caroline , Tuel Alain , Suchomel Matthew R. , Trebosc Julien , Lafon Olivier , Amoureux Jean‐Paul , Taulelle Francis
Published: August 2013

The structures of (enH2)2 [Al5(OH)(PO4)3 (PO3OH)4]·2H2O and (enH2)2 [Al5(PO4)5(PO3OH)2] ·H2O are determined by powder synchrotron XRD and solid state NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: RbYb(PO3)4.
Authors: Zhu Jing , Chen Hui
Published: August 2013

Single crystals of the title compound are grown by solid state reaction of RbNO3, Yb2O3, and NH4H2PO4 (corundum crucible, 723 K, 36 h).
ChemInform Abstract: HgBrI: A Promising Nonlinear Optical Material in IR Region.
Authors: Wu Qi , Li Yanjun , Chen Huaichuan , Jiang Kui , Li Hua , Zhong Cheng , Chen Xingguo , Qin Jingui
Published: August 2013

HgBrI is obtained by room temperature evaporation of an acetone solution containing HgBr2 and I2 in the molar ratio of 2:1.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron and Ion Transport in Li2O2.
Authors: Gerbig Oliver , Merkle Rotraut , Maier Joachim
Published: August 2013

A systematic defect chemical analysis of Li2O2 provides crucial thermodynamic and kinetic information on the operation of Li—O2 batteries.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural and Magnetic Characterization of the Fluorinated Compound 15R‐BaFeO2F.
Authors: Clemens Oliver , Berry Frank J. , Bauer Jessica , Wright Adrian J. , Knight Kevin S. , Slater Peter R.
Published: August 2013

15R‐BaFeO2F (I) and 15R‐BaFeO2.27F0.5 (II) are prepared by low temperature fluorination of the precursor 15R‐BaFeO3‐dF0.2 (III) using polyvinylidenedifluoride as a fluorination agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Synthesis of p‐Type Zn‐Doped α‐Fe2O3 Nanotube Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.
Authors: Qi Xiaopeng , She Guangwei , Wang Meng , Mu Lixuan , Shi Wensheng
Published: August 2013

The title nanotube arrays are prepared on transparent conductive substrates by anodic electrodeposition using ZnO nanorod arrays as sacrificial template and Zn source, and aqueous FeCl2 solution as the electrolyte (75 °C, pH 4.0).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of [N(CH3)4]2O3SOSO2(s) and [N(CH3)4]2 [(O2SO)2SO2]·SO2(s) Containing (SO4)(SO2)x2‐ x = 1, 2, Members of a New Class of Sulfur Oxydianions.
Authors: Bruna Pablo , Decken Andreas , Grein Friedrich , Passmore Jack , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Richardson Stephanie , Whidden Tom
Published: August 2013

Compound (III) is characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopy, and quantum chemical DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Oxytelluride: Perovskite and CsCl Intergrowth in Ba3Yb2O5Te.
Authors: Whalen J. B. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2013

Single crystals of the title compound are obtained from a Ba flux containing Te and yttria (molar ratio 20:1:2; stainless steel crucible in evacuated quartz ampoule, 1000 °C, 20 h; slow cooling to 600 °C and separation of the crystals from the flux by centrifugation).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Orthorhombic Mo and V Based Complex Oxides Coordinating Alkylammonium Cation in Its Heptagonal Channel and Their Application as a Catalyst.
Authors: Ishikawa Satoshi , Murayama Toru , Ohmura Shunpei , Sadakane Masahiro , Ueda Wataru
Published: August 2013

(MeNH3)6Mo7O24 (I), (Me2NH2) 2Mo3O10·H2O (II), (Me3NH)2Mo3O10 (III), (Et‐NH3)2Mo3O10 (IV), Pr‐NH2(Pr‐NH3)6Mo7O24 (V), (enH2)Mo3O10·H2O (VI), (NH3‐CH2‐CH (Me)‐NH3)Mo3O10·H2O (VII), and (NH3‐ (CH2)3‐NH3) Mo3O10·H2O (VIII) are obtained by evaporation of aqueous solutions containing MoO3 and the respective alkylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Chemical Bonding of CaFe2‐xRhxSi2 (x = 0, 1.32, and 2) and SrCo2Si2.
Authors: Hlukhyy Viktor , Hoffmann Andrea V. , Faessler Thomas F.
Published: August 2013

CaFe2Si2 (I), CaFe0.68Rh1.32Si2 (II), CaRh2Si2 (III) and SrCo2Si2 (IV) are obtained from melts of the elements under Ar.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipase‐Catalyzed Aza‐Michael Reaction on Acrylate Derivatives.
Authors: Steunenberg Peter , Sijm Maarten , Zuilhof Han , Sanders Johan P. M. , Scott Elinor L. , Franssen Maurice C. R.
Published: August 2013

A series of lipases is tested in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Catalyzed Mannich‐Type Reaction of Enolizable Cyclic 1,3‐Dicarbonyls to Acyclic Nitrones: An Entry to Functionalized β‐Enamino Diones.
Authors: Cordaro Massimiliano , Risitano Francesco , Scala Angela , Rescifina Antonio , Chiacchio Ugo , Grassi Giovanni
Published: August 2013

The advantages of the new title synthesis are the mild conditions, simple work‐up, and the straightforward access to important synthetic intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Stereoselective Nitration of Mono‐ and Disubstituted Olefins with AgNO2 and TEMPO.
Authors: Maity Soham , Manna Srimanta , Rana Sujoy , Naveen Togati , Mallick Arijit , Maiti Debabrata
Published: August 2013

A novel protocol for the stereo‐ and regioselective nitration of olefins is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Vila Carlos
Published: August 2013

Oxidative three‐component reactions for the direct synthesis of α‐amino amides and imides from tertiary amines are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Alkyl Styryl Sulfides Free from Transition Metal/Ligand Catalyst and Thiols.
Authors: Heredia Adrian A. , Penenory Alicia B.
Published: August 2013

A new protocol for the synthesis of the title sulfides under mild reaction conditions and in short reaction times is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Aldehydes with Carbodiimides under Aerobic Conditions: Efficient Synthesis of N‐Acylureas.
Authors: Soeta Takahiro , Tabatake Yuhta , Fujinami Shuhei , Ukaji Yutaka
Published: August 2013

For the first time the oxidative coupling reaction of N,N‐disubstituted carbodiimides with aldehydes catalyzed by a N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precatalyst under aerobic conditions is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of Cyclopropanols Based on the Reaction of Magnesium Carbenoids with Lithium Enolate of Ketones.
Authors: Kashiwamura Gaku , Kimura Tsutomu , Satoh Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2013

The process leads to formation of highly substituted cyclopropanol structures which are generally formed as diastereomeric mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Terminal Alkynes with Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Sakai Kazunori , Kochi Takuya , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi
Published: August 2013

The title reaction, affording cyclobutenes in high yields, is completely regioselective, and various combinations of terminal alkynes and acrylates can be used.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 4‐Heterosubstituted Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Ulbrich Kathrin , Kreitmeier Peter , Vilaivan Tirayut , Reiser Oliver
Published: August 2013

A highly effective palladium‐catalyzed kinetic resolution procedure via nucleophilic allylic substitutions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic Substitution for Construction of a Chiral Quaternary Carbon Possessing an Aryl Group.
Authors: Feng Chao , Kobayashi Yuichi
Published: August 2013

The combination of Grignard reagents with Cu(acac)2 or Cu(acac)2/ZnI2 affords new quaternary carbon centers which are constructed by an allylic substitution reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Aryl Fluorides Using Organolithium Reagents in Flow Microreactors.
Authors: Nagaki Aiichiro , Uesugi Yuki , Kim Heejin , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: August 2013

New methods for the synthesis of functionalized aryl fluorides (II) (18 examples) based on organo‐lithium chemistry in flow microreactors and use of electrophilic fluorinating reagents are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Flow Procedure for the Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones and Aldehydes Using Hydrous Zirconia.
Authors: Battilocchio Claudio , Hawkins Joel M. , Ley Steven V.
Published: August 2013

Isopropanol serves as a proton donor and a solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkoxylation Reactions of Aryl Halides Catalyzed by Magnetic Copper Ferrite.
Authors: Yang Shuliang , Xie Wenbing , Zhou Hua , Wu Cunqi , Yang Yanqin , Niu Jiajia , Yang Wei , Xu Jingwei
Published: August 2013

An efficient C—O and C—S coupling reaction between aryl halides and unactivated alkyl alcohols and thiols is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐Dehydroamino Acid Esters.
Authors: Yasumo Yoko , Hamada Makoto , Yamada Takeshi , Shinada Tetsuro , Ohfune Yasufumi
Published: August 2013

The presented method gives access to the E‐isomers of α,β‐dehydroamino acid esters in high yields and is complementary to the existing methods for the preparation of the thermodynamically more stable Z‐isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Simple Transamidation of Carboxamides in 1,4‐Dioxane Without a Catalyst.
Authors: Vanjari Rajeshwer , Allam Bharat Kumar , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: August 2013

A facile microwave‐assisted process which includes various amines and phenyl hydrazine is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Post‐Cycloaddition—Retroelectrocyclization Transformations of Polycyanobutadienes.
Authors: Lacy Adam R. , Vogt Anna , Boudon Corinne , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Schweizer W. Bernd , Diederich Francois
Published: August 2013

This firstly presented protocol allows the synthesis of functionalized polycyanobutadienes, which can undergo further derivatization reactions [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of 2‐Chloroacetates and 2‐Chloroacetamides.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Traister Kaitlin M. , Barcellos Thiago
Published: August 2013

The versatile scalable title reaction proceeds without using any strong bases or large excess of organometallic reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium Bipyridyl Complex Grafted onto Nanosized MCM‐41 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Negishi Coupling.
Authors: Wu Wei‐Yi , Lin Tze‐Chiao , Takahashi Tamotsu , Tsai Fu‐Yu , Mou Chung‐Yuan
Published: August 2013

The Negishi coupling of aryl bromides or acyl chlorides with organozinc chlorides is catalyzed by a palladium bipyridyl complex anchored on mesoporous silica affording good to high yields of coupling products in the case of electron‐deficient aryl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Alkynyl Carboxylates with 1,1‐Dibromo‐1‐alkenes.
Authors: Huang Zheng , Shang Rui , Zhang Zi‐Rong , Tan Xiao‐Dan , Xiao Xiao , Fu Yao
Published: August 2013

This method tolerates a variety of functional groups and yields unsymmetrically substituted 1,3‐diynes or 1,3,5‐triynes with aryl and/or alkyl substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition of N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Imidate with α,β‐Unsaturated Diesters: Scope and Application to the Synthesis of Indanone Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Jinfang , Zhou Yu , Zhang Lei , Li Zeng , Chen Xianjie , Liu Hong
Published: August 2013

The diastereoselective Michael addition of N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl imidate (I) to diethyl arylidenemalonates (II) is tolerant toward arylidenemalonates containing alicyclic, aryl, and heterocyclic groups.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot, Three‐Component Regiospecific Synthesis of Dispiropyrrolidines Containing a Thiophenone Ring via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Khodabakhshi Mohammad Reza , Ghahremannejad Zahra , Foroushani Behzad Koushki , Ng Seik Weng
Published: August 2013

The azomethine ylides are generated from cyclic 1,2‐dione compounds and sarcosine.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Promoted Asymmetric β‐Lactone Formation from Arylalkylketenes and Electron‐Deficient Benzaldehydes or Pyridinecarboxaldehydes.
Authors: Douglas James , Taylor James E. , Churchill Gwydion , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andew D.
Published: August 2013

The reaction is efficient and can be carried out on a multigram scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Ring Cleavage of Basic Azetidines.
Authors: Xiao Jun , Wright Stephen W.
Published: August 2013

Base‐mediated reaction of azetidines with alkyl bromides and acyl chlorides provides azetidinium ions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Domino Amino‐Lactonization of Arylidene Pyruvic Acids (APAs) by Amines in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Shiri Morteza , Heravi Majid M. , Soleymanifard Bita , Kruger Hendrik G.
Published: August 2013

Aliphatic amines do not give the corresponding furanone derivatives under the presented reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Alkene Oxy‐ and Aminoalkynylation with Aliphatic Bromoacetylenes.
Authors: Nicolai Stefano , Sedigh‐Zadeh Raha , Waser Jerome
Published: August 2013

By using this firstly presented title reaction a wide range of different substituted furan and pyrrolidine derivatives can be synthesized with good functional group tolerance and with high diastereoselectivities.