bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buds and Bugs: A Fascinating Tale of Gut Microbiota and Cannabis in the Fight Against Cancer
Authors: Al-Khazaleh Ahmad K , Jaye Kayla , Chang Dennis , Münch Gerald W , Bhuyan Deep Jyoti
Published: December 2023

Emerging research has revealed a complex bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiome and cannabis. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota can significantly influence the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids. One notable finding is the ability of the gut microbiota to metabolise cannabinoids, including Δ^9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This metabolic transformation can alter the potency and duration of cannabinoid effects, potentially impacting their efficacy in cancer treatment. Additionally, the capacity of gut microbiota to activate cannabinoid receptors through the production of secondary bile acids underscores its role in directly influencing the pharmacological activity of cannabinoids. While the literature reveals promising avenues for leveraging the gut microbiome-cannabis axis in cancer therapy, several critical considerations must be accounted for. Firstly, the variability in gut microbiota composition among individuals presents a challenge in developing universal treatment strategies. The diversity in gut microbiota may lead to variations in cannabinoid metabolism and treatment responses, emphasising the need for personalised medicine approaches. The growing interest in understanding how the gut microbiome and cannabis may impact cancer has created a demand for up-to-date, comprehensive reviews to inform researchers and healthcare practitioners. This review provides a timely and invaluable resource by synthesizing the most recent research findings and spotlighting emerging trends. A thorough examination of the literature on the interplay between the gut microbiome and cannabis, specifically focusing on their potential implications for cancer, is presented in this review to devise innovative and effective therapeutic strategies for managing cancer.
Evaluation of the Immunosafety of Cucurbit[n]uril In Vivo
Authors: Pashkina Ekaterina , Aktanova Alina , Boeva Olga , Bykova Maria , Gavrilova Elena , Goiman Elena , Kovalenko Ekaterina , Saleh Na'il , Grishina Lyubov , Kozlov Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2023

. Cucurbiturils are a family of macrocyclic oligomers capable of forming host-guest complexes with various molecules. Due to noncovalent binding to drug molecules and low toxicity, cucurbiturils has been extensively investigated as a potential carrier for drug delivery. However, the immune system interactions with different drug carriers, including cucurbiturils, are still under investigation. In this study, we focused on cucurbiturils immunosafety and immunomodulation properties in vivo. We measured blood counts, lymphocyte subpopulations in blood, spleen, and bone marrow, and assessed in vivo toxicity to spleen and bone marrow cells after intraperitoneal administration to mice. We also evaluated the effect of cucurbiturils on cellular and humoral immune responses. Cucurbiturils in high concentrations effect on the immune system in vivo. The action of various cucurbiturils differs in different homologues, which, apparently, is associated with different interactions in the internal environment of the body.
SecGPSR: A secure GPSR protocol for FANET against Sybil and Gray Hole Attacks
Authors: Tropea Mauro , Spina Mattia Giovanni , Lakas Abderrahmane , Sarigiannidis Panagiotis , De Rango Floriano
Published: December 2023

In recent years, drones have become increasingly prevalent in a wide range of applications, performing complex and critical tasks. To accomplish these tasks, drones cooperate by forming a Fly Ad-hoc Network (FANET) using specific routing protocols for communication. However, most of the routing protocols used in this type of network lack appropriate built-in security mechanisms, which creates numerous security challenges and concerns. To reduce the resulting security vulnerabilities and mitigate the impact of potential attacks, it is crucial to address these challenges before any deployment of FANETs. In this paper, we address two of the most harmful routing attacks - Sybil and Gray Hole and propose mitigating techniques to alleviate these attacks on FANET routing protocols. The proposed solution is secGPSR a secure version of the Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol (GPSR). We validate the robustness of secGPSR through simulation using Omnet++ and present the results which show its effectiveness against Sybil and Gray Hole attacks.
Correlations between Intestinal Dysbiosis and the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes in a Group of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Arhire Amalia Ioana , Papuc Teodora , Ioacara Sorin , Pircalabioru Gratiela Gradisteanu , Fica Simona
Published: December 2023

Background: Over the past years, there has been a rise in the incidence of type 1 diabetes, partic-ularly among younger individuals. This concerning trend has prompted investigations into po-tential contributing factors, with intestinal dysbiosis emerging as a likely culprit for the escalating annual rates of the disease; (2) Methods: We conducted a retrospective ecologic correlational study involving 37 children from the southern region of Romania between 2019-2021. All participants were within the first six months following the onset of the disease; (3) Results: In the microbiota of the patients we observed a dysbiosis marked by an overabundance of bacteria (Clostridium coccoides, Faecalibacterium, Bacterioides, Enterobacteriaceae) and fungi, compared to the healthy control group. The Spearman correlation revealed a positive association between the presence of Bacteroides (p=0.0442), Butyricicoccus (p=0.0164), and Clostridium leptum (p=0.0023) with recent diabetes onset. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between younger age at onset and the pres-ence of Butyricicoccus (p=0.019). The use of antibiotics in the month preceding admission was linked to the presence of fungi in the microbiota (Candida, p=0.0442); (4) Conclusions: The dysbiosis of Romanian type 1 diabetes children correlates with inflammation, more severe onset of the disease and other au-toimmune diseases.
Electronic Properties of Graphene Nano-Parallelograms: A TAO-DFT Computational Study
Authors: Seenithurai Sonai , Chai Jeng-Da
Published: December 2023

In this computational study, we investigate the electronic properties of zigzag graphene nano-parallelograms (GNPs), which are parallelogram-shaped graphene nanoribbons of various widths and lengths, using thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT). Our calculations reveal a monotonic decrease in the singlet-triplet energy gap as the GNP length increases. The GNPs possess singlet ground states for all the cases examined. With the increase of GNP length, the vertical ionization potential and fundamental gap decrease monotonically, while the vertical electron affinity increases monotonically. Besides, as the GNP length increases, the symmetrized von Neumann entropy increases monotonically, denoting an increase in the degree of multi-reference character associated with ground-state GNPs. The occupation numbers and real-space representation of active orbitals indicate that there is a transition from the nonradical nature of the shorter GNPs to the increasing polyradical nature of the longer GNPs. In addition, the edge/corner localization of active orbitals is found for the wider and longer GNPs.
Seismic Performance Assessment of Composite Frame – High-Strength Steel Plate Wall Core Tube Resilient Structure System
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Cuikun , Chen Caihua , Cui Mingzhe
Published: December 2023

China is facing the development requirements of the dual carbon goal and the construction needs of resilient cities. Currently, high-strength composite structural systems are a feasible solution, but their research and application in the construction field are insufficient, especially for the combination forms of concrete above C100 and steel above Q550. In response to this issue, this paper proposes a new high-performance structural system, namely the composite frame - high-strength steel plate wall core tube resilient structure system, which includes high-strength steel plate (Q550) - ultra-high strength concrete (C100) shear walls, replaceable energy dissipation coupling beams, and composite frames. Taking a 200 meter building as an example, this paper designs and establishes calculation models for a conventional reinforced concrete frame-core tube structure and a high-performance structure based on PKPM software, and establishes elastoplastic analysis models for both based on SAUSAGE software, and then conducts dynamic elastoplastic time history analysis and seismic resilience assessment of structures under design basis earthquakes (DBEs), maximum considered earthquake (MCEs) and extremely rare earthquakes (EREs). Research has shown that compared to conventional structures, new high-performance structures can effectively reduce the size of shear walls, reduce the self-weight of the structure, and enhance the space for building use; The story drift ratio has higher redundancy than specification limits, lower plastic damage and overall stiffness degradation of the structure, and better seismic performance; The seismic resilience has significantly improved, especially in the case of casualties, which can better ensure the safety of people's lives and property.
miRNA-221 and miRNA-483-3p Dysregulation Correlated with Poor Survival in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bozzarelli Isotta , Isidori Federica , Orsini Arianna , Mastracci Luca , Malvi Deborah , Lugaresi Marialuisa , Fittipaldi Silvia , Soderstrom Henna , Räsänen Jari , D'Errico Antonietta , Tomezzoli Anna , Rosati Riccardo , Fiocca Roberto , Seri Marco , Krishnadath Kausilia Krishnawatie , Bonora Elena , Mattioli Sandro
Published: December 2023

Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression have been reported in different cancers. We assessed the expression of 754 oncology-related miRNAs in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and evaluated their correlations with clinical parameters. We found that miR-221 and 483-3p were consistently upregulated in EAC cases vs. controls (Wilcoxon signed rank test: miR-221 P<0.0001; miR-483-3p P<0.0001). Kaplan‒Meier analysis showed worse cancer-related survival in patients expressing high miR-221 or miR-483-3p levels in all EACs (log-rank P=0.0025 and P=0.0235, respectively). Higher miR-221 or miR-483-3p levels also correlated with advanced tumor stages (Mann‒Whitney P=0.0195 and P=0.0085, respectively). Moreover, we found that overexpression of miR-221 was associated with worse survival in the low-risk EAC group. A significantly worse outcome was associated with the combined overexpression of miR-221 and miR-483-3p (log-rank P=0.0410).
To identify target genes modified by miRNAs, we evaluatedtheir expression in different EAC cell lines, we transfected the corresponding mimic RNA (miRVANA) for either miR-221 or miR-483-3p and performed RNA-seq analysis. We found converging dysregulated genes involved in cancer progression, apoptosis, ATP synthesis and angiogenesis in miRNA-overexpressing cell lines, including a long non-coding RNA associated with oncogenesis, i.e., MALAT1.
In conclusion, miR-221 and 483-3p overexpression in EAC correlated with low cancer-related survival, indicating that they might be considered new biomarkers for patient stratification.
Lyme Disease in an Indian Male: A Rare Case of a Common Western Disease
Authors: Soni Zeal , Teraiya Tushar , Gami Vismit , Shah Sahil , Desai Dev
Published: December 2023

Borreliosis is a widely spreading bacterial infection caused by corkscrew-shaped spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted via the bite of an infected tick. The disease manifests in three stages: early localized, early disseminated, and late stages. Clinical symptoms range from non-specific erythema migrans, fever, fatigue, etc. to system-specific features like carditis, peripheral nerve palsy, etc. The diagnosis mainly relies on clinical findings and serologic testing is done for disease confirmation. The treatment of Lyme disease is an antibiotic with doxycycline as the primary choice. Prophylactic doxycycline is given under specific criteria. Here, we describe a case of a 64-year-old Indian male diagnosed with Lyme disease.
TREATMENT STRATEGY OF INTOLERANCE TO THYROID-STIMULATING DRUGS IN PATIENTS WITH GRAVES DISEASE
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KRASIL'NIKOV DMITRY M. , VALEEVA FARIDA V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, BAREEVA LUIZA T. ,   Kazan State Medical University, SHAKULO ANASTASIA V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, MIRGASIMOVA DZHAUKHARIY M. ,   Kazan State Medical University, ZAKHAROVA ANNA V. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Introduction. The development of methods for the effective treatment of patients with Graves' disease (diffuse toxic goiter) with intolerance to thyroid-stimulating drugs remains one of the most difficult problems in endocrinology and endocrine surgery. The issues of early diagnosis, tactics and volume of complex preoperative care and timing of the operation remain topical. Material and methods. From 2011 to 2020 in the departments of surgery of Republican Clinical Hospital 487 patients with Graves' disease were operated on. Among them were 69 (14.2%) patients with intolerance to thyroid-stimulating drugs, which were preoperatively prepared in the endocrinology department. Data analysis was carried out using the OriginPro 2015 program. During the statistical processing of the analyzed data, percentage indicators, average values, standard deviations, medians, values of the first and third quartiles were calculated. The normality of distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, the significance of differences between groups was assessed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results and discussion. After multicomponent conservative management, all 69 patients were operated on. In the early postoperative period, 1 (1.45%) death was observed due to the development of pulmonary embolism. Conclusion. The choice of methods of adequate conservative therapy and the timely performing of radical surgical intervention promote good results of treatment of patients with Graves' disease with intolerance to thyroid-stimulating drugs.
POTENTIAL ВIOMARKERS OF ENDOMETRIOSIS: THE SEARCH IS UNDERWAY
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, ZARIPOVA ALIYA SH. , GABIDULLINA RUSHANIA I. ,   Kazan State Medical University, MINNULLINA FARIDA F. ,   Kazan Federal University, AKHMETOVA DINARA I. ,   Kazan State Medical University, ORLOV YURIJ V. ,   Kuban State Medical University
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Introduction. Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-dependent disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity and most often manifested by pelvic pain and infertility. It affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age, which is about 190 million women worldwide, and it is a serious medical and social issue. In the clinical context, it is advisable to search for biomarkers of the disease to ensure early noninvasive diagnosis. Current literature on potential biomarkers of endometriosis is already quite extensive. However, despite many publications, there is no consensus on and no similar approaches to defining such markers. Therefore, the search for potential biomarkers of endometriosis is still relevant. Aim: To summarize the information of contemporary literature on possible biomarkers of endometriosis that can be used in its early diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods. This is a review of publications based on search results in electronic resources in Russian and international systems, such as eLibrary, PubMed, MedLine, Crossref, etc., over the past 8 years (2015-2023). Results and Discussion. A constantly improving palette of the latest technologies that include and combine metabolomics, genomics, and proteomics, can be the key to success in finding reliable biomarkers. For such a complex and heterogeneous disease as endometriosis, a panel of biomarkers is likely to be more accurate than a single marker, both for the diagnosis and probably for helping classify subtypes of the disease. Conclusion. Current literature on potential biomarkers is quite extensive, but the desired result has not been achieved yet. Further research is needed.
DIGITAL RESOURCES IN PREDICTION OF PREECLAMPSIA AND FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, GANEEVA ALBINA V. , KAPELYUSHNIK POLINA L. ,   City Clinical Hospital № 7, Kazan
Published: December 2023

Abstact. Introduction. Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction are pregnancy complications related to Great Obstetrical Syndromes and having a similar pathogenesis. No antipathogenetic therapy methods have been found for both pathologies, but there is a means of prevention: Acetylsalicylic acid. The drug is effective only in high-risk pregnant women; therefore, various models are being developed to predict preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, including digital models. They aim to help select patients who need that prophylaxis. Aim. This study is aiming to create a digital model for the early prediction of preeclampsia, based on the patient’s electronic medical card. Materials and Methods. The investigation involved 231 pregnant women. An algorithm was developed for the early prediction of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, based on detecting a combination of systemic and local hemodynamic markers: High variability of blood pressure between visits (long-term variability) and high resistance of blood flow in uterine arteries. Long-term (intervisit) variability of blood pressure is calculated for each trimester: First, the arithmetic mean is calculated among the values of systolic blood pressure at successive visits; second, the standard deviation is computed based on the result. Uterine arteries are checked using Doppler ultrasound technology at 11-13 weeks of gestation: Resistivity of blood flow (peripheral resistivity) in the right and left uterine arteries is assessed. Results and Discussion. For this new prediction algorithm, a digital model was developed, the ECAPP program (registration certificate No. 2018660666 – Electronic Prenatal Record with assessing the risk of developing preeclampsia based on blood pressure variability and uterine blood flow resistance). Conclusions. The IT resource presented has a potential for the effective early prediction of preeclampsia, as well as for predicting fetal growth restriction. Keywords: preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, prognosis, digital model.
ASSESSING EXERCISE TOLERANCE CHANGES IN PATIENTS AFTER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AT THE STAGE OF RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy, GUMAROVA LAYSYAN SH. , BODROVA REZEDA A. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, GORELKIN IVAN V. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan, ROMANOVA OLGA V. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan, USMANOVA GULNAZ G. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan, SABIROVA LIDIYA I. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan, AKHMETZIANOVA AIGUL I. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Introduction. It is proven that integrated cardiac rehabilitation helps reduce mortality and hospital readmission rates and improves the quality of life of patients with acute coronary syndrome experience. Key aspect of integrated cardiac rehabilitation is aerobic training contributing to higher exercise tolerance. Aim. This research aims at assessing the changes in exercise tolerance in acute coronary syndrome patients at the second stage of medical rehabilitation. Materials and Methods. The research involved 162 patients of the Department of Medical Rehabilitation of Adult Patients with Somatic Diseases, who have experienced acute coronary syndrome. To assess the patients’ exercise tolerance, we used the six-minute walk test under electrocardiography control with the Accordix system (Neurosoft, Russia) upon their admission and immediately before their discharge from the hospital. Along with drug therapy, the personalized medical rehabilitation plans included electrocardiography-controlled aerobic training, laser therapy, psychological intervention, and occupational therapy classes. Rehabilitation efficiency was assessed by six-minute walk test (m) and Functional Independence Measurement (FIM) scale (score). The findings were analyzed statistically using nonparametric criteria. Results and Discussion. There were reduced exercise tolerance and limited daily activities in a significant part of cardiological patients before admission to the hospital. Upon completion of the medical rehabilitation course, the patients’ exercise tolerance increased significantly, resulting in better individual exercise tolerances, longer distances covered within the six-minute walk test, and the larger total amount of daily activities the patients can perform. Conclusions. Electrocardiography-controlled physical training based on the patient’s initial stamina level promotes increasing their exercise tolerance, their tolerance to daily activities, their mobility, independence, and, accordingly, their life quality.
IMPACT OF THE SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM OF GENES IL1β, EDN1, AND NOS3 GENES ON THE INDIVIDUAL GENETIC PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA
Authors:   Crimean Federal University, ZAKHARYAN ELENA A. , GRITSKEVICH OLGA YU. ,   Crimean Federal University
Published: December 2023

Abstracts. Introduction. Coronary heart disease prevalence rate grows, which determines the importance of researchers’ inquiries aiming to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this pathology. Aim. This study was aimed at identifying the associations of polymorphisms of genes interleukin 1-beta, endothelin-1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in patients with coronary heart disease. Materials and Methods. We studied polymorphic markers of endothelin-1 (rs5370), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (rs2070244), and interleukin 1-beta genes (rs1143634 and rs16944) in patients with ischemic heart disease (n=229) and in controls (n=56) by multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction with electrophoretic detection. Odds ratio (OR) was used to state the association of genotypes with the disease; 95% confidence interval limits were calculated to assess the significance of OR. Results and Discussion. Analysis of the T-511C polymorphism in the interleukin 1-beta gene demonstrated a trend towards an increased risk of coronary heart disease associated with the TT genotype in the study group (Odds ratio=2.2, 95%. Confidence interval: 1.3-3.6). At the same time, the CC genotype can be associated with a protective effect (Odds Ratio=0.3, 95%. Confidence Interval: 0.2-0.6). When analyzing the C3953T polymorphism in the interleukin 1-beta gene, the TT genotype showed a significantly increased disease development risk within the pathology under study (Odds Ratio=6.4, 95%. Confidence Interval: 1.7-23.4). Analysis of the polymorphic marker C786T in the NOS3 gene showed a correlation between the TT genotype and susceptibility to coronary heart disease (Odds ratio=2.07, 95%. Confidence interval: 1.3-3.2), while the CC genotype showed a protective effect (Odds ratio=0.3, 95%. Confidence interval: 0.2-0.5). A similar result was obtained in an experiment with the Lys198Asn polymorphism in the endothelin-1 gene. TT genotype showed an association with the increased risk of coronary heart disease (Odds ratio=6.5, 95%. Confidence Interval: 3.4-12.4). Odds ratio analysis of the effect of heterozygotes showed no risk of coronary heart disease (Odds ratio=0.3, 95%. Confidence Interval: 0.1-0.5). Conclusions. This study allowed us to find an association between the polymorphic markers of genes endothelin-1 (rs5370), eNOS (rs2070244), and interleukin-1β (rs114634 and rs16944) and the coronary heart disease risk in the population, which may be useful for both stratification and selection of further therapeutic strategies.
SERUM LIPOCALIN IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, SAFINA NELLYA A. , CHIKAEV VYACHESLAV F. ,   Kazan State Medical University, PETUKHOV DENIS M. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan, BONDAREV YURIJ V. ,   City Clinical Hospital» No. 7, Kazan
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Introduction. Acute pancreatitis is a severe inflammatory disease of the pancreas. In case of severe acute pancreatitis, mortality rate reaches 36-50%. The most challenging issue is the prediction of its severity and clinical outcome due to the limitations of clinical scoring systems and biochemical markers, which are still being studied intensely. Aim: To study serum lipocalin levels in patients with acute pancreatitis of varying severity. Materials and Methods. Our study included 68 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis and treated in the inpatient facility of Kazan City Clinical Hospital 7 over the years 2017-2019. Patients were stratified by severity, gender, and age. As a comparison group, 20 healthy volunteers without any gastrointestinal issues were examined. Specimen to be studied were the sera of patients with acute pancreatitis and those of healthy volunteers. Blood was sampled from the patients upon admission to the hospital and before their discharge from it. Lipocalin levels were registered using BioVendor’s Human Lipocalin-2/NGAL ELISA kit. The findings were processed statistically at their normal distribution. Results and Discussion. Our study showed a significant excess of lipocalin levels in patients with acute pancreatitis as compared with healthy volunteers. In healthy volunteers this value varied within 4.91±6.55 ng/ml, while it was 78.19±89.09 ng/ml (p<0.05) in acute pancreatitis patients. Conclusions. Our study of serum lipocalin in patients with acute pancreatitis showed a significant and statistically reliable excess of this indicator as compared to healthy volunteers. The highest lipocalin levels were found in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Conventional therapy reduced these levels in mild, moderate, and severe cases, although there was no statistically significant difference before and after treatment. Keywords: pancreatic necrosis, lipocalin, prediction.
ANALYSIS OF ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN OVER THE YEARS 2018-2022
Authors:   Republic’s Forensic Examination Office at the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, TIMERZYANOV MARAT I. , DELYAN ARTUR M. ,   City Clinical Hospital № 7, Kazan, KHAIRUTDINOV NAIL N. ,   Traffic Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Republic of Tatarstan, SHARAFUTDINOVA ADELIYA R. ,   Republic’s Forensic Examination Office at the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan
Published: December 2023

Report. Introduction. Road traffic accidents involving passenger transport vehicles are characterized by highly severe consequences and usually cause massive public outcry. Major accidents involving public transport occur infrequently, but they are always characterized by many victims, injured and dead. Aim of this paper is to study the injury degree of road traffic accidents involving passenger transport vehicles, such as buses, trolleybuses, or trams. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the data made available via the federal statistical observation over road accidents involving motor and public transport in the Republic of Tatarstan over the years 2018-2022. For this purpose, we used generalization methods and quantitative, qualitative, and comparative analysis techniques. Mathematical simulation techniques were used to analyze the data with the computational tools of the MS Excel electronic package. Необходимо повышение осведомленности пассажиров о правилах безопасности и процедурах эвакуации в случае чрезвычайного проис- шествия. Results and Discussion. An acute problem of modern society is the lack of effectively ensuring passenger transport safety, which leads to more frequent road accidents and injuries on the roads. Transporting passengers by urban public transport is one of the most important industries in the economy of the Republic of Tatarstan. Road safety issues are a priority in many strategic and program documents of the socio-economic development of the Republic. Human factor is one of the key factors in ensuring road safety. The most common causes of such accidents are speed limit violations and drivers’ inattention and negligence. Eventually, drivers’ failure to comply with the work-rest ratio leads to accidents and loss of life. There is a need for raising passengers’ awareness of safety rules and emergency evacuation procedures. Conclusions. There are still serious shortcomings in traffic management, leading to accidents with many dead and injured. Implementing measures aimed at preventing road accidents will help enhance road safety and significantly reduce the number of accidents.
EFFICACY OF MEDICAL REHABILITATION FOR PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC INJURY CONSEQUENCES AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors:   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan, DELYAN ARTUR M. , BODROVA RESEDA A. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, AKHMETOVA GUSEL I. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan, VAGIZOVA AYSYLU M. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan, GALIMULLINA INDIRA I. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Introduction. Musculoskeletal and connective-tissue disorders rank the third among diseases leading to primary disablement among adults in the Republic of Tatarstan. They are characterized by long healing periods and contractures. Timely rehabilitation of patients allows preventing many complications and restoring their former activity levels. Aim: To assess changes in the medical rehabilitation for patients with musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous disorders in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2020-2022. Materials and Methods. Clinical and expert-assessment statistical processing techniques, generalization method, and comparative analysis were used to process the data of patients with musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous disorders, who underwent medical rehabilitation in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2020-2022. We also used the statistical data made available by the Head Office of Medical and Social Expert Assessment in the Republic of Tatarstan at the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan. Statistical analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism 9 software. Quantitative variables are presented as medians and quartiles, while the qualitative one as percentages. Comparative analysis (for dependent samples) was based on identifying the statistical significance of differences between indicators using Wilcoxon criterion. Differences at p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results and Discussion. In 2022, there was a 49-% increase in the number of patients who were provided with medical rehabilitation in the Republic of Tatarstan, including a 69-% increase in the number of patients with diseases relating to musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems. Number of first-declared disabled people (disability group 3) decreased by 3.8% in 2022, since as medical rehabilitation of patients with musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous disorders increased by 42% in inpatient hospital conditions and by 76% in outpatient and polyclinic conditions in 2022. Conclusions. Increasing number of patients with musculoskeletal and connective-tissue disorders, who had undergone medical rehabilitation at the inpatient and outpatient stages, led to a decrease in the number of first-declared enabled people (disability group 3) by 3.8%. This substantiates the need for further development of medical rehabilitation in traumatology and orthopedics to preserve the labor potential, stabilize the disability levels, return the patient to social and domestic activities, and create optimal conditions for their active engagement in social activities and health resumption.
CHANGES IN LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH IRON DEFICIENCY WITHIN 6 MONTHS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KHASTIEVA DILYARA R. , TARASOVA NATALYA A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, MALKOVA MARIA I. ,   Kazan State Medical University, ZAKIROVA ELVIRA B. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan, KHASANOV NIAZ R. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Introduction. According to the scarce data available, iron deficiency is a risk factor of worse prognosis for coronary artery disease, in particular, myocardial infarction. Aim. To study left ventricular systolic function by assessing the left ventricular ejection fraction and total wall motion score index in patients with iron deficiency being corrected and with normal iron status within 6 months after myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods. We included in the study 86 patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 comprised 40 (46%) patients with iron deficiency, and group 2 consisted of 46 (54%) patients without iron deficiency. In case of iron deficiency, patients underwent correctional therapy. Echocardiography was performed within 24 hours and 6 months after myocardial infarction. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric and nonparametric criteria. Results and Discussion. According to echocardiographic findings, we found a statistically significant increase in the median of left ventricular ejection fraction after 6 months as compared to the baseline in group 1 patients. Left ventricular ejec- tion fraction median was 54% (46 – 58) after 6 months, as compared to the baseline of 50% (45-54), (p<0.001). In group 2, left ventricular ejection fraction did not change. In group 1, wall motion score index was 1.19 (1.00-1.55) after 6 months, which was significantly lower than the baseline: 1.25 (1.13-1.63) (p<0.001), respectively. Patients in group 2 had no change in the wall motion score index after 6 months. We observed a reduction in wall motion score index value in 19 patients in group 1 (47%) within 6 months after myocardial infarction. In group 2, only 11 patients (24%) manifested a decrease in wall motion score index (RR 3.06, 95% CI: 1.06 - 8.87) (p=0.007). Conclusion. Correction of iron deficiency is associated with increased left ventricular systolic function within 6 months after myocardial infarction.
DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS AND PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIA-INDUCED CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, IAKUBOVA VIOLETTA M. , BULASHOVA OLGA V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, KHAZOVA ELENA V. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Introduction. Clinical depression occurs in 21.5% of patients with heart failure, aggravating both the clinical course and the prognosis of the disease. The aim is to present the findings of the clinical course of chronic heart failure in patients with depressive disorders and to study their prognoses. Material and Methods. The study included 78 patients with heart failure, functional classes 1-4. The degree of depressive disorders was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Life quality was assessed using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. All patients passed a 6-minute walk test and echocardiography. The patient’s clinical condition was assessed according to the clinical condition assessment scale. Prognoses were assessed after 1 year of study. Results and Discussion. Depression level analysis has shown that the clinically pronounced depression is common in patients with heart failure, which corresponds to 9.0 (6.0;11.0) points. In a closer consideration of the structure of disorders, no depression was found in 37.2 % of cases, subclinical depression was found less frequently in patients with heart failure (26.9 %), while clinical depression was found in 35.9 %. All-cause mortality was observed in 7.7 % of cases, while cardiovascular mortality occurred in 4.6 %. Pronounced depression was registered in patients with chronic heart failure, in case of hospital admission. Conclusions. Average depression level in patients with heart failure is 9.0 (6.0; 11.0) points, which corresponds with clinical depression. Depression occurs in 62.8 % of cases and associated with worse clinical condition. Overt clinical depression occurs more frequently in patients with chronic heart failure, who have come up to the event of hospitalization.
CURRENT ISSUES IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HINDFOOT DEFORMITIES
Authors:   Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology, GUBAR ILYA E. , LEONOVA SVETLANA N. ,   Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology, USOLTSEV IVAN V. ,   Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Introduction. The review analyzes and summarizes the results of studying the surgical treatment of traumatic and non-traumatic hindfoot deformities with subtalar joint osteoarthritis. Relevance of this issue is supported by highly frequent unsatisfactory results achieved in primary care, which often lead to post-traumatic subtalar arthrosis, high percentage of the disablement of mostly working-age patients, and economic costs associated with their further treatment and rehabilitation. Subtalar arthrodesis, in combination with bone grafting augmentation with auto-, allo- or xenograft and internal fixation, is the most common surgical technique for patients of this category. Aim. To study the advantages and disadvantages of the known surgical techniques used in treatment of posttraumatic hindfoot deformities. Materials and Methods. To perform the literature analysis, we used international databases, such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, as well as the domestic library system, eLibrary. Results and Discussion. Despite good surgical treatment outcomes presented in the publications, some failures were registered, such as insufficient deformity correction, arthrodesis nonunion due to the bone graft migration, bone graft osteolysis, metal structure instability, and infectious complications. According to the authors, the key reason for some unsatisfactory results in non-infectious cases was the lack of preoperative planning, including accurate calculations of the necessary hindfoot deformity correction and of the optimal extent of bone grafting.
Joseon, la última dinastía de Corea
Authors: Montero Díaz Ismael C.
Published: December 2023

En el presente artículo se mostrará el estudio de la última dinastía reinante en Corea -la Joseon- a través del análisis de elementos tales como los mecanismos de herencia, la permanencia en el poder y las alianzas matrimoniales, entre otros. Para ello se ha recurrido a la consulta de fuentes primarias como los anales de diversos monarcas (T’aejo o Sejong) o a diarios de nobles fuertemente vinculados a la Corte (Lady Hyegjong). Nuestra búsqueda no se ha centrado únicamente en la figura de los monarcas, sino también en sus relaciones con otros clanes a través de las esposas, las concubinas y los hijos que nacieron de sus uniones. En segundo lugar, este estudio permite vislumbrar la movilidad social de ciertos clanes, pues a través de las alianzas de concubinato o matrimoniales se produjeron ascensos y descensos en la escala social. Así, una de las primeras conclusiones es la ausencia de diferencias notorias entre los mecanismos utilizados por la familia real coreana y los de sus homólogas europeas, al menos en determinados aspectos. De igual modo se pretende reflejar que la cuestión sucesoria quedó fijada en los primeros compases de la dinastía, pero no consistió en un sistema inmóvil, sino que se adaptó a las complejas situaciones a las que la familia Joseon hubo de hacer frente durante más de sus quinientos años de pervivencia.
Matematika dan Realitas Studi Kasus Statistika
Authors: Daus Febri
Published: December 2023

Peran matematika sebagai dasar ilmu pengetahuan telah diakui sejak awal ilmu pengetahuan modern. Peran fundamental dan penting ini kemudian tidak hanya terbatas pada ilmu alam dan fisik tetapi juga diperluas ke domain sosial humaniora. Artikel ini mengulas kedudukan matematika pada hierarki ilmu dalam Islam yang dipilih dari dua ilmuan muslim yang menyusun klasifikasi ilmu yaitu Al-Fârâbî dan Ibnu Khaldun. Kemudian, mengulas berbagai definisi matematika yang dikemukakan oleh filsuf dan ahli matematika, bagaimana definisi ini dipahami, dan bagaimana mereka kemudian memengaruhi perkembangan matematika itu sendiri. Definisi tersebut yaitu, matematika sebagai ilmu bilangan dan ruang; matematika sebagai bahasa sains; dan berbagai definisi matematika dari tiga mazhab besar dari abad ke-20 . Berdasarkan definisi tersebut, artikel ini mencoba menganalisis status ontologis matematika dan objek matematika berdasarkan kerangka derajat keberadaan (marâtib al-wujûd) yang mengurutkan keberadaan menjadi lima tingkatan, yaitu keberadaan esensial (wujûd dhâtî), keberadaan konkret (wujûd 'aynî), keberadaan mental (wujûd dhihnî), keberadaan verbal (wujûd lafẓî), dan keberadaan formal atau tertulis (wujûd khattî). Dan terakhir, menerapkan dan menguji kajian ini pada salah satu disiplin matematika yakni statistika.
Influence of Temperature from 20 to 100 °C on Specific Surface Energy and Fracture Toughness of Silicon Wafers
Authors: Lapitskaya V. A. , Kuznetsova T. A. , Chizhik S. A.
Published: December 2023

The influence of temperature in the range from 20 to 100 °C on the specific surface energy and fracture toughness of standard silicon wafers of three orientations (100), (110) and (111) was studied. Silicon wafers were heated on a special thermal platform with an autonomous heating controller, which was installed under the samples. At each temperature, the samples were kept for 10 min. The specific surface energy γ after exposure to temperature was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fracture toughness during and after exposure to temperature was determined by indentation followed by visualization of the deformation region using AFM. It has been established that the specific surface energy γ of Si wafers with orientation (100) and (111) increases with increasing temperature from 20 to 100 °C, and for orientation (110) it increases at temperatures from 20 to 80 °C, and then decreases. The diagonal length d of indentation marks, performed both during the heating process and after heating, decreases by increasing the temperature from 20 to 100 °C. The crack length c decreases on silicon wafers during indentation during heating from 20 to 100 °C, and after exposure to temperature, the length increases. When the plates are exposed to temperature, the fracture toughness KIC increases with increasing temperature: for orientation (100) – up to 1.61 ± 0.08 MPa·m1/2, for (110) – up to 1.60 ± 0.08 MPa·m1/2 and for (111) – up to 1.66 ± 0.04 MPa·m1/2. A direct correlation was established between KIC, measured during  exposure to temperature, and an inverse correlation between KIC measured after exposure to temperature and specific surface energy for the (100) and (111) orientations. An inverse correlation was obtained by KIC at the (110) orientation when exposed to temperatures of 20–40 and 80–100 °C, and after exposure, a direct correlation was obtained. At 60 °C there is no correlation. The results obtained can be used to improve the mechanical properties of silicon wafers used in solar cells and microelectromechanical systems (operating at temperatures up to 100 °C).
Approaches and experiences implementing remote, electronic consent at the Leeds Clinical Trials Research Unit
Authors: Cragg William , Taylor Chris , Moreau Lauren , Collier Howard , Gilberts Rachael , McKigney Niamh , Dennett Joanna , Graca Sandra , Wheeler Ian , Bishop Liam , Barrett Adam , Hartley Suzanne , Greenwood John P , Swoboda Peter , Farrin Amanda J
Published: December 2023

Background
Use of electronic methods to support informed consent (‘eConsent’) is increasingly popular in clinical research. This commentary reports the approach taken to implement electronic consent methods and subsequent experiences from a range of studies at the Leeds Clinical Trials Research Unit (CTRU), a large clinical trials unit in the UK.
Main text
We implemented a remote eConsent process using the REDCap platform. The process can be used in trials of investigational medicinal products and other intervention types or research designs. Our standard eConsent system focuses on documenting informed consent, with other aspects of consent (e.g. providing information to potential participants and a recruiter discussing the study with each potential participant) occurring outside the system, though trial teams can use electronic methods for these activities where they have ethical approval. Our overall process includes a verbal consent step prior to confidential information being entered onto REDCap, and an identity verification step in line with regulator guidance. We considered the regulatory requirements around the system’s generation of source documents, how to ensure data protection standards were upheld and how to monitor informed consent within the system.
We present four eConsent case studies from the CTRU: two randomised clinical trials and two other health research studies. These illustrate the ways eConsent can be implemented, and lessons learned, including about differences in uptake.
Conclusions
We successfully implemented a remote eConsent process at the CTRU across multiple studies. Our case studies highlight benefits of study participants being able to give consent without having to be present at the study site. This may better align with patient preferences and trial site needs, and therefore improve recruitment and resilience against external shocks (such as pandemics). Variation in uptake of eConsent may be influenced more by site-level factors than patient preferences, which may not align well with the aspiration towards patient-centred research. Our current process has some limitations, including the provision of all consent-related text in more than one language, and scalability of implementing more than one consent form version at a time. We consider how enhancements in CTRU processes, or external developments, might affect our approach.
A Comparative Study: Impact of Salinity Dynamics on the Zonation of Halophytic Communities in Yeşilırmak Delta's (Türkiye) Coastal Dune and Salt Marsh
Authors: DURMAZ Alper , KORKMAZ Hasan
Published: December 2023

In this study, we conducted a comparative investigation into the impact of salinity parameters on the distribution patterns of wetland and coastal dunes plant communities in the Yeşilırmak Delta (Samsun, Turkey), as determined using the TWINSPAN technique based on a matrix of 74 species across 50 sample plots. The halophytic plant communities under examination included Pancratium maritimum L. and Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson, which distributed in the sand dunes, and Salicornia perennans Wild., Juncus acutus subsp. acutus L., and Tamarix smyrnensis Bunge, inhabiting the wetland ecosystem. This ecological investigation aimed to discern and compare the effects of salinity parameters on the spatial distribution of these distinct halophytic plant communities within the Yeşilırmak Delta region. Significant variations in edaphic parameters among communities were determined using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). According to the CCA ordination analysis, edaphic parameters responsible for the cumulative and subgroup differentiation of communities were identified as Ca+ 2, Mg+ 2, instantaneous soil moisture content (%), Cl− and HCO3−. In the wetlands, parameters influencing the internal grouping of halophytic communities were found to be Mg+ 2, instantaneous soil moisture (%), electrical conductivity (EC), and Cl−. Conversely, in the coastal dunes, the parameters influencing the internal grouping of communities were determined to be pH and Ca+ 2.