bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wordless but not silent: Unlocking the power of wordless picture books
Authors: Honaker Jennifer D. , Miller Ryan T.
Published: April 2023

Teaching literacy skills that require critical reading and linguistic output can feel like an insurmountable challenge when presented with students of varying language proficiencies. One valuable but often unused tool to surmount these challenges is wordless picture books (WPBs). WPBs can be used to develop literacy skills more equitably among learners with varying language proficiencies, even when in class with native‐speaking peers. They transcend language and cultural barriers often found in traditional literature and can be a tool for exploring multicultural perspectives. However, WPBs are often underrated and misunderstood by teachers and students, and frequently relegated to classrooms with young, pre‐emergent readers. We argue for the power of WPBs for literacy development among English learners (ELs) of all ages by addressing common misconceptions, highlighting unique benefits of WPBs to ELs, and suggesting practical pedagogical implications.
Diagnosis and treatment of a novel Mycobacterium haemophilum associated pneumonia in an African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)
Authors: Vecere Gina , Malka Shachar , Garner Michael M. , Dennison Sophie , Sanchez Susan
Published: April 2023

An unknown age (at least 1.5‐year old), male, entire African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) was presented for decreased appetite, lethargy and laboured breathing. Pulmonary radiographic lesions consistent with pneumonia were noted in serial computed tomography scans. The hedgehog initially responded well to treatment with azithromycin and orbifloxacin for several months, but its health declined upon discontinuation of treatment. After continued decline despite resumed antibiotic therapy, the patient was humanely euthanised. A postmortem examination was performed, and histologic examination identified severe granulomatous bronchointerstitial pneumonia with intralesional acid‐fast staining bacteria. Samples from the lung and liver were positive for Mycobacterium haemophilum by PCR and further DNA sequencing. This report describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of a pulmonary infection caused by M. haemophilum in a hedgehog.
Intelligent Bayesian regularization‐based solution predictive procedure for hybrid nanoparticles of AA7072‐AA7075 oxide movement across a porous medium
Authors: Awan Saeed Ehsan , Ali Faizan , Awais Muhammad , Shoaib Muhammad , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor
Published: April 2023

The research community has shown great interest for investigation in the nanofluids models involving Aluminum Alloys AA7072 and AA7072 +AA7075 due to their advantageous impact on heat transfer, physical and mechanical characteristic exploiting in broad engineering applications such as manufacturing of spacecraft, aircraft parts and building testing. The hybrid nanomaterial AA7072‐AA7075 based fluidic system is investigated in this paper using an artificial neural network with Bayesian regularization scheme (ANNs‐BRS). The derived partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations system ODEs and obtained the reference datasets for the estimated solution dynamics of hybrid nanofluidic system. For prominent parameters, the influence of flow on the temperature distribution and velocity plot are investigated. The performance on 80% training samples, 5% testing and 15% validation dataset for ANNs‐BRS is well‐established in terms of error histogram plots, regression analysis, and MSE based statistics. The results for entropy generation, Eckert number Ec, magnetic interaction parameter M, suction parameter S, and heat generation parameter Q are also discussed. The results show that the Eckert number Ec has the effect of slowing down the rate of heat transfer while increasing the temperature and increases in suction parameter causes decrease in temperature while increase in temperature profile due to enhancement of suction parameter.
Accelerator Physics at IJCLab-ORSAY
Authors: Stocchi Achille
Published: April 2023

Infrastructures and Research activities at the Orsay Campus, IJCLab, are described.
The Standard Theory and Theoretical Physics in Roma
Authors: Maiani Luciano
Published: April 2023

After a brief description of the rise of the Constituent Quark Model for hadrons, I illustrate the contributions of the Roman Theoretical School to the formation and exploration of the Standard Theory of fundamental particles, in the years 1970 to 1990.
Adenoide Vegetationen – Diagnostik und Therapie – die neue S2k-Leitlinie
Authors: Ahmad Z. , Krüger K. , Lautermann J. , Lippert B. , Tenenbaum T. , Tigges M. , Tisch M.
Published: April 2023

Eine Hyperplasie der Tonsilla pharyngealis ist als Erkrankung zu bewerten, wenn durch mechanische Obstruktion und/oder chronische Entzündungen des Nasenrachens Krankheitssymptome auftreten. Aus einer chronischen Tubenventilationsstörung können unterschiedliche Mittelohrerkrankungen wie Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeit, Cholesteatom und rezidivierende akute Otitis media entstehen. Während der Inspektion ist das Augenmerk auf das Vorliegen einer Facies adenoidea mit dauerhaft offenem Mund und sichtbarer Zungenspitze zu legen. Bei starken Beschwerden und/oder frustranen konservativen Therapieversuchen erfolgt die Adenotomie in der Regel ambulant. Die herkömmliche Kürettage gilt nach wie vor als etablierte Standardmethode in Deutschland. Bei klinischen Hinweisen auf Mukopolysaccharidose ist die histologische Untersuchung indiziert. Wegen des Blutungsrisikos wird auf den Gerinnungsfragebogen, der obligat vor jedem operativen Eingriff im Kindesalter durchzuführen ist, hingewiesen. Trotz ordnungsgemäßer Adenotomie kann es zu einem Rezidiv der adenoiden Vegetationen kommen. Vor Entlassung in das häusliche Umfeld sollte eine HNO-ärztliche Kontrolle durch Inspektion des Rachens auf Nachblutung und eine anästhesiologische Freigabe erfolgen.
Depletion of abundant plasma proteins for extracellular vesicle proteome characterization: benefits and pitfalls
Authors: Reymond Sandrine , Gruaz Lyssia , Sanchez Jean-Charles
Published: April 2023

Blood extracellular vesicles (EVs) play essential roles in cell–cell communication and their molecular cargo is a promising source of disease biomarkers. However, proteomic characterization of plasma-derived EVs is challenged by the presence of highly abundant plasma proteins, which limits the detection of less abundant proteins, and by the low number of EVs in biological fluids. The aim of this study was to investigate if the removal of abundant plasma proteins prior to EV isolation could improve plasma-derived EV characterization by LC–MS/MS and expand the proteome coverage. Plasma depletion was performed using a single-use spin column and EVs were isolated from only 100 µL of non-depleted and depleted plasma by size exclusion chromatography. Afterwards, EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and mass spectrometry–based proteomics using a data-independent acquisition approach. Depleted plasma-derived EVs had higher particle concentrations and particle-to-protein ratios. Depletion did increase the protein coverage with a higher number of identifications in EVs from depleted plasma (474 proteins) than from non-depleted (386 proteins). However, EVs derived from non-depleted plasma carried a slightly higher number of common EV markers. Overall, our findings suggest that plasma depletion prior to EV isolation by size exclusion chromatography provides higher yield and protein coverage, but slightly lower identification of EV markers. This study also showed the possibility to characterize the proteome of EVs derived from small plasma volumes, encouraging the clinical feasibility of the discovery of EV biomarkers.
Clinical outcomes and survival comparison between NexGen all-poly and its metal-backed equivalent in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Apostolopoulos Vasileios , Nachtnebl Luboš , Mahdal Michal , Pazourek Lukáš , Boháč Petr , Janíček Pavel , Tomáš Tomáš
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to compare total knee replacement (TKA) with NexGen All-Poly (APT) and NexGen Metal-Backed (MBT) in terms of implant survivorship, reasons leading to implant failure and functional results of defined age categories.

Methods

A single-centre, retrospective evaluation of 812 patients who underwent knee replacement with NexGen CR between 2005 and 2021, comparing a modern congruent APT component to a modular MBT equivalent component using a similar surgical technique at a notable mean follow-up duration. Implant survival, functional outcomes using the Knee Society Score and range of motion were evaluated and compared in different age categories.

Results

Of the 812 NexGen CR TKAs performed at our institution, 410 (50.4%) used APT components and 402 (49.6%) MBT components. The survival rate of NexGen APT was 97.1% and that of NexGen MBT was 93.2% (p = 0.36). Removal of the implant occurred overall in 15 cases, for MBT in ten cases, and for APT in four cases. The FS was proved to be significantly higher when APT components were implanted in younger patients than for MBT (p = 0.005). A similar range of motion between the components was recorded (p = 0.1926).

Conclusion

Under defined conditions, we measured the clinical results of implants from a single manufacturer implanted in a single department using a similar surgical technique. Considering the limitations, we suggest that all-polyethylene tibial components are equal or even superior to metal-backed ones across the examined age categories.
Quantitative Analysis of Temporal Parameters Correlated with Aspiration and Lesion Location in Stroke Patients
Authors: Kim Jeong Min , Park Ji Eun , Baek Seung Jun , Yang Seung Nam
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in temporal parameters correlating to the presence of aspiration and the severity of penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) in patients with dysphagia after stroke. We also investigated whether there was a significant difference in temporal parameters based on the location of the stroke lesion. A total of 91 patient videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) videos of stroke patients with dysphagia were retrospectively analyzed. Various temporal parameters including oral phase duration, pharyngeal delay time, pharyngeal response time, pharyngeal transit time, laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time, laryngeal vestibule closure duration, upper esophageal sphincter opening duration and upper esophageal sphincter reaction time were measured. Subjects were grouped by the presence of aspiration, PAS score, and location of the stroke lesion. Pharyngeal response time, laryngeal vestibule closure duration, and upper esophageal sphincter opening duration were significantly prolonged in the aspiration group. These three factors showed positive correlation with PAS. In terms of stroke lesion, oral phase duration was significantly prolonged in the supratentorial lesion group, while upper esophageal sphincter opening duration was significantly prolonged in the infratentorial lesion group. We have demonstrated that quantitative temporal analysis of VFSS can be a clinically valuable tool identifying dysphagia pattern associated with stroke lesion or aspiration risk.
“The communication I had with him back then is still stuck in my mind.” Bereaved families of cancer patients’ experiences for end-of-life communication
Authors: Jeon Heejung , Kim Sanghee , Lee Ilhak
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Communication with family members is important to end-of-life care for patients with cancer. It is an interactive engagement between terminally-ill cancer patients and their families through which they expand their mutual understanding to cope with losses and find meaning in death. This study aimed to describe the experiences of end-of-life communication between patients with cancer and their family members in South Korea.

Methods

This is a qualitative descriptive study using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Ten bereaved family members with end-of-life communication experience with terminal cancer patients were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

A total of 29 constructed meanings, 11 sub-categories, and the following 3 categories were derived: “Offering a space for patients to reminisce and reflect,” “Building a bond,” and “Reflections on what we need.” End-of-life communication primarily centered on the patients, with families struggling to share their stories with them. Although the families coped well, they also regretted the lack of meaningful communication with the patients, indicating a need for support to facilitate effective end-of-life communication.

Conclusion

The study highlighted concrete communication for finding meaning at the end-of-life for cancer patients and their families. We found that the families have the potential to communicate appropriately to cope with the patients’ end-of-life. Nevertheless, end-of-life presents a unique challenge in which families require adequate support. Given the increasing number of patients and families dealing with end-of-life care in hospitals, healthcare providers should be mindful of their needs and help them cope effectively.
Rapid or Immediate ART, HIV Stigma, Medical Mistrust, and Retention in Care: An Exploratory Mixed Methods Pilot Study
Authors: Mgbako Ofole , Loughran Claire , Mathu Rachel , Castor Delivette , McLean Jacob , Sobieszczyk Magdalena E. , Olender Susan , Gordon Peter , Lopez-Rios Javier , Remien Robert H.
Published: April 2023

Rapid or immediate antiretroviral therapy (iART) after HIV diagnosis improves linkage to care and time to viral suppression. However, iART may affect or be affected by HIV-related stigma and medical mistrust. In this mixed-methods pilot study, we examined the bi-directional role of HIV stigma, medical mistrust, and visit adherence (VA) in the context of iART in a diverse, newly diagnosed patient population. Participants were recruited from an HIV clinic in New York City and we utilized a convergent parallel design integrating quantitative data from demographic surveys, the HIV Stigma Survey (HIVSS), the Medical Mistrust Index (MMI) and electronic medical records, and qualitative data from in-depth interviews. Among the sample (N = 30), 26% (N = 8) initiated ART same-day or within 3 days, while the majority (N = 17) initiated between 4 and 30 days, and 17% (N = 5) initiated ART > 30 days. The median (range) age was 35, and most were English-speaking, Black or Hispanic men and identified as gay. Time to ART initiation was associated with time to linkage to care and time to viral suppression. Day 0–3 group’s major theme was iART as stigma prevention, and they had the highest mean HIVSS, lowest MMI score, and a visit adherence of 0.86. Day 4–30 group’s major theme was alleviation of internalized stigma, and they had the lowest mean HIVSS score, and highest visit adherence of 0.91. Day > 30 group’s major theme was exacerbation of perceived or anticipated stigma, had the highest MMI score and a visit adherence of 0.85. iART implementation requires equitable strategies that address HIV-stigma and mistrust.
Comprehensive In Vivo and In Vitro Studies for Evaluating the Bone-Bonding Ability of Na2O–CaO–SiO2–B2O3–Ag2O Glasses for Fracture Healing Applications
Authors: Youness Rasha A. , Amer Mohammed Said , Taha Mohammed A.
Published: April 2023

In the present investigation, Na2O–CaO–SiO2–B2O3–Ag2O glasses were prepared using the traditional melt-quenching process, with Ag2O content progressively raised from 0 to 4 wt.%, at the expense of B2O3, in the chemical composition of these glasses. The created glasses’ physical, mechanical and electrical characteristics were measured. The bone bonding capacity of the as-prepared specimens was evaluated not only by in vitro studies with treatment in simulated body fluid but also by in vivo studies using the albino rat model at different time intervals up to 28 days. The obtained findings revealed that increasing the Ag2O content gradually improved the fracture toughness of the samples by approximately 3.94, 11.84, 27.63, 50%, but fortunately with slight decreases in the microhardness, i.e. 1.02, 2.73, 8.90 and 16.43% and other mechanical properties. All samples had electrical conductivities of 2.36, 2.65, 2.84, 3.59, and 4.23 × 10‒5 S/m when the frequency was 1 MHz, compared to 1.36, 1.58, 1.72, 2.10, and 2.42 × 10‒4 S/m for the same samples at 20 MHz. Furthermore, the addition of Ag2O had a favorable function in improving the bioactivity of the glass samples, as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo data, and no cytotoxicity was seen. Based on these attractive findings, it is possible that the produced glass samples would be suitable for orthopedic applications at load-bearing-sites.

Graphical Abstract
The entrepreneurial intention of top athletes—does resilience lead the way?
Authors: Steinbrink Kathrin M. , Ströhle Celine
Published: April 2023

Some jobs have a higher level of challenges and adversities. Individuals pursuing these jobs learn how to react to challenges and build up resilience. Within this study, we concentrated on the potential career path of top athletes as entrepreneurs, who are both expected to have a higher level of resilience than non-athletes. The purpose of this research was to examine if resilience is a determining factor on entrepreneurial intention and if the model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) can be applied in general and for specific groups with a high level of resilience. To address the research questions, we collected data from a sample of 195 top athletes and 142 non-athletes. First, the level of resilience and entrepreneurial intention were compared with an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Subsequently, the structural equation model tested the influence of resilience on entrepreneurial intention, mediated by the TPB, first for the whole sample and then as a multigroup comparison for both groups. Resilience had an indirect influence on entrepreneurial intention, mediated by the explaining factors of the TPB (personal attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control). The multigroup comparison revealed a difference in the influence of perceived behavioral control on entrepreneurial intention between top athletes and non-athletes. Based on these results, this research added further knowledge to the field of entrepreneurial intention by examining the specific role of resilience necessary for careers as top athletes and entrepreneurs. It also contributes by researching the specific group of top athletes compared to non-athletes and extrapolating recommendations in entrepreneurship education for both groups, as creating athletes' awareness of potential overconfidence or implementing resilience training in education for non-athletes.
Eine bessere Schule in post-pandemischen Zeiten? Differenzierte Gestaltungswünsche bei Wiener Schüler_innen
Authors: Holtgrewe Ursula , Vana Irina , Lindorfer Martina , Siller Carmen
Published: April 2023

Die Pandemie hat im österreichischen Schulsystem wie in anderen Ländern ein umfassendes Realexperiment ausgelöst, bestehende Ungleichheiten vertieft und neue Probleme aufgeworfen. Im Artikel werden, auf Basis einer Schüler_innenbefragung 2020, Vorstellungen und Erfahrungen von Schüler_innen über die Voraussetzungen guter und inklusiver (digitaler) Lernbedingungen thematisiert. Sowohl Herausforderungen des Lernens als auch Bedarfe und Ideen für die Neugestaltung von Schule sind eingebettet in ungleiche soziale Ressourcen und Kapitalien. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Wünsche der Schüler_innen und deren schichtspezifisch geprägte Lernstrategien ineinandergreifen und warum das klassische Digitalisierungsprogramm der Ausstattung mit Hardware und der Schulung digitaler Skills bei der Frage, welche Reformen im Schulsystem zur Überwindung von Ungleichheiten nötig sind, an seine Grenzen stößt.
Eine netzwerkbasierte Analyse der Verteilung von Berufskompetenzen – am Beispiel der Steiermark
Authors: Zilian Laura , Jäger Georg , Füllsack Manfred
Published: April 2023

Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Verteilung von (Berufs) Kompetenzen in der Steiermark. Für die Analyse der sozialen Ungleichheit in einer Region bietet dieser Ansatz eine Möglichkeit potenzielle Risiken und Chancen der Region aufzuzeigen, da anhand der Berufskompetenz-Landschaft Rückschlüsse über mögliche Ungleichheiten, Defizite und Entwicklungspotentiale gezogen werden können. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden mit netzwerkbasierten Methoden vermehrt nachgefragte Kompetenzen, Kompetenzen, die als Verbindungen zwischen Berufen fungieren, und Kompetenzcluster identifiziert. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine Prädominanz kognitiver Kompetenzen hin. Diese Tendenz könnte einerseits das Entwicklungspotential der Region aufzeigen, andererseits auf mögliche Lohnungleichheiten hinweisen. Der Artikel zeigt einerseits das Potenzial der verwendeten Analysemethoden, andererseits den Bedarf für die Schärfung der Methode und eine bessere Datengrundlage.
An Intensional Formalization of Generic Statements
Authors: Bergier Hugolin
Published: April 2023

A statement is generic if it expresses a generalization about the members of a kind, as in, ’Pear trees blossom in May,’ or, ’Birds lay egg’. In classical logic, generic statements are formalized as universally quantified conditionals: ‘For all x, if..., then....’ We want to argue that such a logical interpretation fails to capture the intensional character of generic statements because it cannot express the generic statement as a simple proposition in Aristotle’s sense, i.e., a proposition containing only one single predicate. On the contrary, we want to show that typed lambda-abstraction can help us transform the classical, non-simple and extensional expression of generic statements into a new, simple and intensional formalization, through the introduction of an abductively defined operator ALL*. This new operator allows for the possibility of a single predication, e.g. fly(), because it builds, out of a concept like ‘bird’, a concrete universal, e.g. ‘birds’, upon which the single predicate can be applied to authentically formalize a generic statement, e.g. ‘birds fly’.
Seizure Management and Prophylaxis Considerations in Patients with Brain Tumors
Authors: Hauff Nils Stenvågnes , Storstein Anette
Published: April 2023

Purpose of Review

The article gives an overview of the current knowledge in the management of tumor related epilepsy, including systematic reviews and consensus statements as well as recent insight into a potentially more individualized treatment approach.

Recent Findings

Tumor molecular markers as IDH1 mutation and MGMT methylation status may provide future treatment targets. Seizure control should be included as a metric in assessing efficacy of tumor treatment.

Prophylactic treatment is recommended in all brain tumor patients after the first seizure. Epilepsy has a profound effect on the quality of life in this patient group. The clinician should tailor the choice of seizure prophylactic treatment to the individual patient, with the goal of limiting adverse effects, avoiding interactions and obtaining a high degree of seizure freedom. Status epilepticus is associated with inferior survival and must be treated promptly. A multidisciplinary team should treat patients with brain tumors and epilepsy.
Groundwater recharge distribution due to snow cover in shortage conditions (2019–22) on the Gran Sasso carbonate aquifer (Central Italy)
Authors: Lorenzi Valeria , Barberio Marino Domenico , Sbarbati Chiara , Petitta Marco
Published: April 2023

Aquifer recharge by the snowpack is relevant to be assessed to evaluate groundwater availability in mountainous karst regions. The recharge due to snowpack in the Gran Sasso aquifer has previously been estimated through an empirical approach using elevation gradients. To validate and quantify the coverage and persistence of the snowpack over time through an objective method, satellite images have been analysed. The Campo Imperatore plain, the endorheic basin acting as a preferential recharge area of the aquifer, plays an important role, both for the snow cover and also for the infiltration and recharge of springs. The identification of recharge areas has been validated by the stable isotope approach with the assessment of computed isotope recharge elevation based on the values and oscillations of the δ18O isotope recorded at the springs. The main findings confirm the high infiltration rate of Campo Imperatore plain and its direct influence on snow contribution to aquifer recharge. The extension of snow coverage out of this plain has a minor influence to recharge, highlighting that the main drivers for infiltration rate are fractured networks and karstic forms more than snow coverage on carbonate outcrops.
Fast In-Situ Triaxial Remanent Magnetic Field Measurement for Single-Beam SERF Atomic Magnetometer Based on Trisection Algorithm
Authors: Long Tengyue , Han Bangcheng , Song Xinda , Suo Yuchen , Jia Le
Published: April 2023

We demonstrate a method for quickly and automatically detecting all three components of a remanent magnetic field around a shielded spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometer (AM) using the trisection algorithm (TSA) for zero-field resonance (ZFR). To satisfy the measurement of AMs, a resonance light of the 87Rb D1 line with a spectral width of less than 1MHz is converted to circular polarization by a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave plate. After the light beam has passed through the alkali metal vapor cell, the residual magnetic field can be measured by searching for triaxial ZFR optical peaks. The TSA stably reduces the measurement time to 2.41 s on average and improves the measurement accuracy, significantly outpacing existing methods. The weighted averages of all measurements with corresponding uncertainties are (−15.437 ± 0.022)nT, (6.062 ± 0.021)nT, and (−14.158 ± 0.052)nT on the x-, y-, and z-axes, respectively. These improvements could facilitate more extremely weak magnetic studies in real time, such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetocardiography (MCG) measurements.
An inertial viscosity algorithm for solving monotone variational inclusion and common fixed point problems of strict pseudocontractions
Authors: Alakoya T. O. , Ogunsola O. J. , Mewomo O. T.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we study the problem of finding the solution of monotone variational inclusion problem (MVIP) with constraint of common fixed point problem (CFPP) of strict pseudocontractions. We propose a new viscosity method, which combines the inertial technique with self-adaptive step size strategy for approximating the solution of the problem in the framework of Hilbert spaces. Unlike several of the existing results in the literature, our proposed method does not require the co-coerciveness and Lipschitz continuity assumptions of the associated single-valued operator. Also, our method does not involve any linesearch technique which could be time-consuming, rather we employ a self-adaptive step size technique that generates a nonmonotonic sequence of step sizes. Moreover, we prove strong convergence result for our algorithm under some mild conditions and apply our result to study other optimization problems. We present several numerical experiments to demonstrate the computational advantage of our proposed method over the existing methods in the literature. Our result complements several of the existing results in the current literature in this direction.
Design, synthesis and antitumor activity of new naproxen based 1,2,4-triazole-Schiff base derivatives
Authors: Alsenani Nawaf I.
Published: April 2023

In the present work, new Naproxen based 1,2,4-triazole-Schiff base derivatives have been synthesized and screened for in vitro antitumor activity and in silico pharmacokinetic studies. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds (5–12) was elucidated by IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. All the compounds were tested against breast MCF-7, hepatocellular Huh-7 and lung A-549 cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Compound 7 was better in killing A549 cells with IC50 3.71 µM (1.48 fold), compared with Doxorubicin (IC50 5.50 µM). Also, compound 7 was found to be non toxic on MRC-5 normal cells as it depicts IC50 more than 500 μM. Besides, compound 12 also revealed promising activity with IC50 6.94 and 3.33 µM against MCF-7 and Huh-7 respectively. The in silico studies displayed that the synthesized compounds favors the desired pharmacokinetic profile and drug likeness properties. It can be concluded that these new Naproxen based 1,2,4-triazole-Schiff base derivative (7) has the potential to be further investigated as lead molecule in the development of new chemotherapeutic agent.
Environmental Anarchy?
Authors: Beeson Mark
Published: April 2023

This book explains why insecurity has become such a ubiquitous feature of life in the twenty-first century and why policymakers, strategic analysts and many scholars are failing to recognise or address its underlying causes.
Capitalism as a Concept of Difference in the Historiography of Iran
Authors: Harris Kevan
Published: April 2023

In the historiography of Iran, capitalism is commonly evoked as a “concept of difference.” By this, I mean that the term is regularly used to characterize socioeconomic phenomena as modern versus traditional, leading versus laggard, foreign versus indigenous, or hero versus villain in an assumed direction of history. As Jürgen Kocka remarked when coining the phrase, most definitions of capitalism since the nineteenth century have been used by intellectuals to distinguish experiences of their own time from either the past or the future. And it is in terms of this rhetorical function that its significance and limitations for Iranian historiography can be analyzed.
Analogy between streamers in sinking spheroids, gyrotactic plumes and chemotactic collapse
Authors: Fung Lloyd
Published: April 2023

In a dilute suspension where sinking spheroids or motile gyrotactic micro-organisms are modelled as orientable and negatively buoyant particles, we have found analytical solutions to their steady distributions under any arbitrary continuous vertical shear flow. The two-way coupling between their distribution and the vertical flow is nonlinear, enabling the uniform base state to bifurcate into a structure reminiscent of the streamers in settling spheroid suspensions and gyrotactic plumes. This bifurcation depends on a single parameter that is proportional to the average number of particles on a horizontal cross-section. In a three-dimensional axisymmetric system, the plume structure blows up when the parameter is above a threshold. We discuss how this singularity is analogous to the chemotactic collapse of a Keller–Segel model, and the significance that this analogy entails.
Simultaneous impact of droplet pairs on solid surfaces
Authors: Goswami Anjan , Hardalupas Yannis
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the dynamics of the simultaneous impact of two droplets on a dry substrate. We develop a new micro-controlled droplet generator that releases two equally sized water droplets simultaneously on-demand, with no trailing droplets. The impact Weber number, based on impact droplet size and velocity, and the inter-droplet spacing relative to the impact droplet size are varied in the ranges of 54 to 155 and 1.32 to 2.25, respectively, leading to the strong interaction of the spreading lamellae that form a central uprising sheet, which eventually deposits or breaks into tiny droplets. We analyse the impact processes for both deposition and splashing of the uprising sheets. Simultaneous high-speed imaging from two orthogonal views of the droplet impacts quantifies the three-dimensional structure of the sheet morphology, including the temporal evolution of the rim-bounded ‘semilunar’ shape, surface waves, rim corrugations and finger formation, and deposition or splashing of the liquid sheet. The characteristics of the sheet surface waves and the rim instabilities are quantified. Novel scaling is developed for the maximum sheet height, sheet width and thickness, which considers the geometrical constraints and mass balance of the interacting lamellae to describe the temporal evolution of a ‘semilunar’ uprising sheet and is in good agreement with the measurements. The uprising sheet splashing generates larger droplets than those from splashing of single-droplet impacts, and it occurs due to the end-pinching of sheet fingers and at conditions that single-droplet impacts lead only to liquid deposition.
A Strategic Approach to the Alliance-Formation Process Between Activists and Legislators in Chile
Authors: López Moreno Rodolfo
Published: April 2023

Legislative allies are widely recognized as key to social movement success, but the emergence of their alliance with activists remains understudied. This article proposes a strategic approach to this phenomenon based on the cases of the environmental, labor, and LGBT+ movements in Chile and their allied legislators. According to this approach, an alliance emerges due to two necessary conditions. Movement organizations must display tactical capacity, which signals their adaptability and competence to participate in Congress. And a socially skilled leadership creates the trust required for movement leaders and legislators to cooperate during the lawmaking process. This approach emphasizes that alliances emerge from activists’ strategic efforts to build a social tie, whose effectiveness is mediated by legislators’ expectations and congressional norms. By specifying the strategic dimension of an alliance, this study highlights the capacity of activists to foster cooperative relations with state actors.
Modeling complex interactions in a disrupted environment: Relational events in the WTC response
Authors: Renshaw Scott Leo , Livas Selena M. , Petrescu-Prahova Miruna G. , Butts Carter T.
Published: April 2023

When subjected to a sudden, unanticipated threat, human groups characteristically self-organize to identify the threat, determine potential responses, and act to reduce its impact. Central to this process is the challenge of coordinating information sharing and response activity within a disrupted environment. In this paper, we consider coordination in the context of responses to the 2001 World Trade Center (WTC) disaster. Using records of communications among 17 organizational units, we examine the mechanisms driving communication dynamics, with an emphasis on the emergence of coordinating roles. We employ relational event models (REMs) to identify the mechanisms shaping communications in each unit, finding a consistent pattern of behavior across units with very different characteristics. Using a simulation-based “knock-out” study, we also probe the importance of different mechanisms for hub formation. Our results suggest that, while preferential attachment and pre-disaster role structure generally contribute to the emergence of hub structure, temporally local conversational norms play a much larger role in the WTC case. We discuss broader implications for the role of microdynamics in driving macroscopic outcomes, and for the emergence of coordination in other settings.
Fractal dimension of potential singular points set in the Navier–Stokes equations under supercritical regularity
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Wu Gang
Published: April 2023

The main objective of this paper is to answer the questions posed by Robinson and Sadowski [22, p. 505, Commun. Math. Phys., 2010] for the Navier–Stokes equations. Firstly, we prove that the upper box dimension of the potential singular points set $\mathcal {S}$ of suitable weak solution $u$ belonging to $L^{q}(0,T;L^{p}(\mathbb {R}^{3}))$ for $1\leq \frac {2}{q}+\frac {3}{p}\leq \frac 32$ with $2\leq q<\infty$ and $2< p<\infty$ is at most $\max \{p,q\}(\frac {2}{q}+\frac {3}{p}-1)$ in this system. Secondly, it is shown that $1-2s$ dimension Hausdorff measure of potential singular points set of suitable weak solutions satisfying $u\in L^{2}(0,T;\dot {H}^{s+1}(\mathbb {R}^{3}))$ for $0\leq s\leq \frac 12$ is zero, whose proof relies on Caffarelli–Silvestre's extension. Inspired by Barker–Wang's recent work [1], this further allows us to discuss the Hausdorff dimension of potential singular points set of suitable weak solutions if the gradient of the velocity is under some supercritical regularity.
Genetic characterization of the zoonotic parasite Ancylostoma caninum in the central and eastern United States
Authors: Quintana T.A. , Johnson W.L. , Ritchie D. , Smith V. , Martin K.A. , McMahan K. , Brewer M.T. , Jesudoss Chelladurai J.R.J.
Published: April 2023

Ancylostoma caninum is the most common nematode parasite of dogs in the United States. The present study aimed to describe the molecular epidemiology of A. caninum isolates from the central and eastern states of the United States using the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (cox1) gene and to compare them with those reported globally. We isolated eggs from faecal samples of dogs and characterized each isolate based on cox1 sequences. A total of 60 samples originating from Kansas, Iowa, New York, Florida and Massachusetts were included. 25 haplotypes were identified in the United States dataset with high haplotype diversity (0.904). Sequence data were compared to sequences from other world regions available in GenBank. Global haplotype analysis demonstrated 35 haplotypes with a haplotype diversity of 0.931. Phylogenetic and network analysis provide evidence for the existence of moderate geographical structuring of A. caninum haplotypes. Our results provide an updated summary of A. caninum haplotypes and data for neutral genetic markers with utility for tracking hookworm populations. Sequences have been deposited in GenBank (ON980650–ON980674). Further studies of isolates from other regions are essential to understand the genetic diversity of this parasite.
Public Support for Professional Legislatures
Authors: Fortunato David , McCrain Joshua , Schiff Kaylyn Jackson
Published: April 2023

Evidence suggests that well-funded, professional legislatures more effectively provide constituents with their preferred policies and may improve social welfare. Yet, legislative resources across state legislatures have stagnated or dwindled at least in part due to public antagonism toward increasing representatives’ salaries. We argue that one reason voters oppose legislative resources, like salary and staff, is that they are unaware of the potential benefits. Employing a pre-registered survey experiment with a pre–post design, we find that subjects respond positively to potential social welfare benefits of professionalization, increasing support for greater resources. We also find that individuals identifying with the legislative majority party respond positively to potential responsiveness benefits and that out-partisans do not respond negatively to potential responsiveness costs. In a separate survey of political elites, we find similar patterns. These results suggest that a key barrier to increasing legislative professionalism – anticipated public backlash – may not be insurmountable. The findings also highlight a challenge of institutional choice: beliefs that representatives are unresponsive or ineffective lead to governing institutions that may ensure these outcomes.
Unraveling the Role of IMF Bx in Driving Geomagnetic Activity
Authors: Kubyshkina M. V. , Semenov V. S. , Tsyganenko N. A. , Wang X.‐G. , Kubyshkin I. V.
Published: April 2023

In this work, we question the existing opinion that the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Sun‐Earth (Bx) component is of minor importance for the geomagnetic activity and show that both Bx and By, being two principal components of the Parker's spiral, are equally important factors. We show that the asymmetric behavior of activity indices around solstices can be explained as a combination of symmetric (sign‐independent) effect of IMF By and asymmetric (sign‐dependent) effect of Bx, the latter interpreted as a result of the geodipole tilt influence on the magnetotail stability and nightside reconnection. We also show that, due to the 7.5° inclination of the Earth orbital plane to the solar equatorial plane, the geoeffective IMF Bz component may increase or decrease, depending on the IMF sector polarity and season.
Regional‐Scale Wilting Point Estimation Using Satellite SIF, Radiative‐Transfer Inversion, and Soil‐Vegetation‐Atmosphere Transfer Simulation: A Grassland Study
Authors: Kiyono T. , Noda H. M. , Kumagai T. , Oshio H. , Yoshida Y. , Matsunaga T. , Hikosaka K.
Published: April 2023

Although water availability strongly controls gross primary production (GPP), the impact of soil moisture content (SMC) (wilting point) is poorly quantified on regional and global scales. In this study, we used 10 years of observations of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) from the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) satellite to estimate the wilting point of a semiarid grassland on the Mongolian Plateau. Radiative‐transfer model inversion and soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere transfer simulation were sequentially conducted to distinguish the drought impacts on plant physiology from the changes in the leaf‐canopy optical properties. We modified an existing inversion algorithm and the widely used Soil‐Canopy Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes model to adequately evaluate dryland features, for example, sparse canopy and strong convection. The modified model, with retrieved parameters and calibration to GOSAT SIF, predicted realistic GPP values. We found that (a) the SIF yield estimated from GOSAT showed a clear sigmoidal pattern in relation to drought, and the estimated wilting point matched ground‐based observations in the literature within ∼0.01 m3 m−3for the SMC, (b) tuning the maximum carboxylation rate improved the SIF prediction after considering the changes in the leaf‐canopy optical properties, implying that GOSAT detected drought stress in leaf‐level photosynthesis, and (c) the surface energy balance significantly impacted the grassland's SIF; the modified model reproduced observed SIF well (mean bias = 0.004 mW m−2 nm−1 sr−1in summer), whereas the original model predicted substantially low values under weak horizontal wind conditions. Some model‐observation mismatches in the SIF suggest that more research is needed for fluorescence parametrization (e.g., photoinhibition) and for additional observation constraints.
Episodic Long‐Term Exhumation of the Tianshan Orogenic Belt: New Insights From Multiple Low‐Temperature Thermochronometers
Authors: Yin Jiyuan , Wang Yannan , Hodges K. V. , Xiao Wenjiao , Thomson Stuart N. , Chen Wen , Yuan Chao , Sun Min , Cai Keda , Sun Jingbo
Published: April 2023

The Tianshan orogenic belt, part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, offers an opportunity to examine the complexities of an orogenic system that records long‐term intracontinental deformation. The Tianshan have been reactivated multiple times since the Mesozoic, but the mechanisms and driving forces of these various orogenic events are not well constrained. Moreover, the spatial exhumation pattern of the entire Tianshan remains poorly studied. We present new zircon and apatite (U‐Th)/He and apatite fission track thermochronological data for samples from the northwestern part of the Chinese Western Tianshan. They indicate three distinctive phases of rapid cooling in the late Carboniferous‐early Permian, Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic, and Cretaceous. The first phase can be linked to uplift and exhumation related to the subduction/closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean, while the episodic cooling during the Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic (250–190 Ma) and Cretaceous (115–80 Ma) are interpreted as related to uplift and exhumation associated with strike‐slip deformation and Mesozoic clockwise or anticlockwise rotation of the Junggar basin. Our new data, in concert with a compilation of previously published data from elsewhere in the region, reveal that the Tianshan underwent a greater amount of exhumation in the southern section, and less exhumation took place to the north. All available data also support the notion that the exhumation process has been essentially the same in tectonic blocks along strike since late Paleozoic. During the Cenozoic, the Tianshan experienced large‐scale, rapid exhumation starting in the late Miocene (12–10 Ma) and not the early Miocene as has been previously proposed.
Molecular phenotypes of mitochondrial dysfunction in clinically non-manifesting heterozygous PRKN variant carriers
Authors: Castelo Rueda Maria Paulina , Zanon Alessandra , Gilmozzi Valentina , Lavdas Alexandros A. , Raftopoulou Athina , Delcambre Sylvie , Del Greco M Fabiola , Klein Christine , Grünewald Anne , Pramstaller Peter P. , Hicks Andrew A. , Pichler Irene
Published: April 2023

Homozygous or compound heterozygous (biallelic) variants inPRKNare causal for PD with highly penetrant symptom expression, while the much more common heterozygous variants may predispose to PD with highly reduced penetrance, through altered mitochondrial function. In the presence of pathogenic heterozygous variants, it is therefore important to test for mitochondrial alteration in cells derived from variant carriers to establish potential presymptomatic molecular markers. We generated lymphoblasts (LCLs) and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons from non-manifesting heterozygousPRKNvariant carriers and tested them for mitochondrial functionality. In LCLs, we detected hyperactive mitochondrial respiration, and, although milder compared to a biallelicPRKN-PD patient, hiPSC-derived neurons of non-manifesting heterozygous variant carriers also displayed several phenotypes of altered mitochondrial function. Overall, we identified molecular phenotypes that might be used to monitor heterozygousPRKNvariant carriers during the prodromal phase. Such markers might also be useful to identify individuals at greater risk of eventual disease development and for testing potential mitochondrial function-based neuroprotective therapies before neurodegeneration advances.
Grain quality characteristics analysis and application on breeding of Yuenongsimiao, a high-yielding and disease-resistant rice variety
Authors: Lu Zhanhua , Fang Zhiqiang , Liu Wei , Lu Dongbai , Wang Xiaofei , Wang Shiguang , Xue Jiao , He Xiuying
Published: April 2023

Rice quality is one of the main targets of rice breeding and is a complex trait that involves grain appearance, milling, cooking, eating and nutritional quality. For many years, rice breeding has contended with imbalances in rice yield, quality, and disease and lodging resistance. Here, the milling and appearance quality, cooking quality, starch rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) profile, and nutritional quality of grains of Yuenongsimiao (YNSM), an indica rice variety with high yield, high quality and disease resistance, were determined. YNSM had excellent appearance and quality, with low amylose contents and high gel consistency, and these characteristics exhibited significant correlations with the RVA profile such as hot paste viscosity, cool paste viscosity, setback viscosity, and consistency. Moreover, 5 genes related to length-to-width ratio (LWR) as well as the Wx gene were used to detect the main quality genotype of YNSM. The results showed that YNSM is a semilong-grain rice with a relatively high brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice yield and low chalkiness. The results indicated that the LWR and food quality of YNSM might be related to gs3, gw7 and Wxb. This study also reports the quality characteristics of hybrid rice developed using YNSM as a restorer line. The quality characteristics and the genotype for grain quality determined through gene analysis in YNSM may facilitate the breeding of new rice varieties that achieve a balance of grain yield, resistance and quality.