bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet of things-enabled smart controller for polymer dispersed liquid crystals films
Authors: Islam Muhammad Shahriyar , Chan Kah-Yoong , Azmi Anas Sofea , Pang Wai-Leong , Wong Sew-Kin
Published: April 2023

The evolvement of smart glass technology has gained a lot of interest through its energy-saving potential as one of the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. This paper focuses on polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film, a smart glazing film that changes its opacity in response to an electrical impulse. The power consumption of the smart film is considerably small. However, improper handling of the smart film such as not turning off the film after usage can lead to energy wastage. Hence, connecting the smart film to an internet of things (IoT) controller would be one of the possible solutions to ensure that the film is maintained properly. The objective of the work here is to develop a smart, low cost and efficient IoT-enabled smart controller for PDLC films with energy-saving features. In pursuance of materializing this concept, this paper delineates the design of a smart controller for the PDLC films. The implementation of the IoT features, NodeMCU, and environmental sensors enabled the smart film to be capable of switching automatically. In addition, voice-command features were also incorporated into the controller. With the successful development of the IoT smart controller, the PDLC films can operate autonomously and wirelessly.
Smart factory for future industry development
Authors: Rahman Atiqur , Arthur Seleman Daudi
Published: April 2023

The paradigm of the smart factory is thought of as an innovative outline for the fourth industrial revolt. The GLOVA G7-DR20U is set as a programmable logic controller (PLC) for monitoring the performance of the smart factory while using the NodeMCU-V3 esp8266 as the internet of things (IoT) board for interaction between managers and the factory using the personal digital assistant (PDA) programming that has been written in the RabitMQ platform. The program logged inner PLC by applying ladder language for monitoring the performance of PLC. With the completion of intelligent PLC, it is likely to extend the existing making capability in the factory with simplicity. This work joins a PLC used as a parent control unit, apps, user programs, and human-machine interface, with the Internet. The proposed model of the smart factory holds two motors one for the parallel drive and the other for the upright drive. While running the system, we observe that the proposal is working correctly, and the reply to the interaction method via IoT is excellent.
Raiva, medo e o pequeno número: O indigenismo bolsonarista a partir de Arjun Appadurai
Authors: Rufino Marcos Pereira
Published: April 2023

As ações do governo federal no âmbito da política indigenista, no governo de Jair Bolsonaro, têm sido caracterizadas por um forte antagonismo aos direitos territoriais indígenas, consagrados na Constituição de 1988, e às políticas públicas de atenção a essas populações estabelecidas ao longo dos governos civis nas últimas três décadas. Este artigo discute as principais ações da política indigenista do governo Bolsonaro, como também as suas relações com o tema da diferença, a partir do trabalho de Arjun Appadurai, Fear of small number, publicado originalmente em 2006.
Direito como linguagem
Authors: De Lacerda Abreu Luiz Eduardo
Published: April 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar o direito como uma forma de linguagem. A investigação é, portanto, gramatical. O artigo está dividido em duas partes. A primeira, examina, muito brevemente, o que significa uma investigação gramatical no âmbito de uma antropologia do direito; A segunda descreve, também muito sumariamente, a gramática do direito. A descrição é o resultado da convivência diária e comezinha do autor desse texto de mais de 12 anos com os participantes do campo a partir de uma universidade privada em Brasília.
Hospitalizações por tuberculose na Região Sudeste: uma análise epidemiológica
Authors: Santos Gustavo Mendes dos , Carrijo Alice Mirane Malta , Paulinelli Ana Júlia Carvalho , Queiroz Giulia de Assis , Silva Laura de Lourdes Cardoso e , Oliveira Stefan Vilges de
Published: April 2023

As internações por tuberculose (TB) são indicadores do desempenho da atenção básica em saúde por identificarem possíveis falhas no tratamento ambulatorial, além de possuírem alto custo para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Objetivou-se realizar análise epidemiológica das internações hospitalares por TB na região Sudeste do Brasil e os gastos com essas internações. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo das internações hospitalares por TB no Sudeste do Brasil, de 2010 a 2019, com dados disponíveis no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) do SUS. Foram registrados 55.878 internações e 4.618 óbitos no período estudado. As internações foram mais frequentes para a faixa etária dos adultos e para o sexo masculino. A maior taxa de letalidade foi registrada em maiores de 80 anos e em indivíduos de cor preta. Na região gastou-se R$137.233.027,20 com as internações no período estudado. A unidade federativa com maior gasto e maior número de casos foi São Paulo. A distribuição populacional das internações sofre provável influência de fatores socioeconômicos, como renda e maior concentração populacional na região, detentora de alta prevalência de casos, o que reforça a associação do estado paulista como o mais populoso da região e o de maior gasto público.
Tratamento farmacológico da dor musculoesquelética
Authors: Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Biela Luiz , Teixeira William Gemio Jacobsen , Andrade Daniel Ciampi Araujo de
Published: April 2023

Várias classes de fármacos são utilizadas com finalidade analgésica. A dor deve ser tratada segundo escala ascendente de potência analgésica. Os analgésicos antiinflamatórios e os psicotrópicos associados ou não aos opióides de baixa e/ou elevada potência e/ou aos miorrelaxantes são as classes medicamentosas mais utilizadas no tratamento da dor musculoesquelética. Oscorticosteróides, os anticonvulsivantes, os bloqueadores da atividade osteoclástica e os tranqüilizantes menores são indicados em casos especiais. A prescrição deve ser adequada às necessidades e respeitar a farmacodinâmica e a farmacocinética de cada agente e as contra-indicações peculiares a cada caso. As medicações devem ser preferencialmente de baixo custo e de fácil aquisição. Aadministração deve ser regular e não apenas quando necessário. A via enteral, preferentemente à oral, deve ser priorizada. Alguns efeitos colaterais são dependentes da dose dos agentes, outros de sua natureza; alguns desses efeitos podem ser minimizados com medidas medicamentosas ou físicas específicas. O tratamento antiálgico deve ser instituído imediatamente após as primeiras manifestações da condição dolorosa, pois não compromete o resultado da semiologia clínica ou armada e previne a cronificação da dor. A descoberta de analgésicos antiinflamatórios que inibem seletiva ou especificamante a COX-2, de antidepressivos que atuam seletivamente na recaptura de serotonina e noradrenalina de neurolépticos mais específicos, de miorrelaxantes de ação prolongada e o desenvolvimento de apresentações de derivados opióides de ação ou liberação prolongada são avanços que tornaram a analgesia mais eficaz e segura em doentes com afecções álgicas musculoesqueléticas.
Mecanismos de ocorrência de dor
Authors: Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Published: April 2023

Vários mecanismos estão envolvidos na ativação e supressão das unidades nociceptivas. Traumatismos físicos e químicosambientais ativam e sensibilizam os nociceptores nos tecidos. Disto resulta liberação tecidual de neurotransmissores excitatórios que sensibilizam e ativam as vias nociceptivas no sistema nervoso periférico e central. No ístmo nervoso central, unidades envolvidas nos mecanismos sensitivo-discriminativos, afetivo-motivacionais e quantitativo-avaliativos da sensibilidade. Nas unidades nervosas periféricas, nos gânglios sensitivos e nas unidades neuronais da medula espinal e encefálica há mecanismos supressores de dor; são ativados pela liberação de neurotransmissores inibitórios quando da apresentação de estímulos discriminativos. Do balanço da atividade das vias excitatórias e da vias supressoras ocorre a dor.
Dialectical structure of preschool play
Authors: Veraksa Nikolay E.
Published: April 2023

Background. Xe article deals with the dialectical structure of play activity of preschool children. Xe dialectic structure is built with the help of structure-dialectic method which is based on the opposites, deYned in the course of content analysis. Xe paper shows that the dialectical structure of play is leveled. Xe analysis of play activity allows us to speak about the ability of preschool children to represent the dialectical structure of play. Xe paper reveals substantial features of each level and gives the explanation of the transition from one level to another. Objective. Xe paper aims to justify the possibility to develop diagnostic system for preschool children’s play activity development on the basis of the proposed structure. It can be designed upon the dialectical structure of play and the preschool children’s play matrix. Results. A model of the dialectical structure of a preschooler’s role-playing game, enabling to take into account the important structural components of the game, is proposed. Xe phenomenon of the semantic Yeld expressed in the merge (overlap) of the visible (perceptual) Yeld and the representative (imaginary) Yeld is considered. Xe diZerence between the semantic Yeld and an imaginary situation is shown. In the Yrst case the child is focused on the behavior of others, while in the second case he is focused on his own actions. Xe possibility to apply dialectical structure to the analysis of play activity in preschool children in order to build play practice is demonstrated. Conclusion. It seems advisable to develop diagnostic tools to assess the development of games for preschool children taking into account the dialectical structure of games.
New approaches to formulation and solution of the problem of consciousness
Authors: Akopov Garnik V.
Published: April 2023

Background. In scientific and theoretical terms, the theme of consciousness as a subject of psychological research is regularly updated. Since psychology established its scientific status, at each historical transition from one economic structure to another, general scientific knowledge has been updated. At the same time, the central issue of consciousness is being permanently changed: from methodological issues (introspection) to structural-functional and objectified knowledge (analytical philosophy of consciousness, cognitive science, neuroscience). In this process, the so-called “hard problem of consciousness” comes to the fore today (D. Chalmers, А. Revonsuo). Objective. The article seeks to outline the necessity for and explain new methodological approaches to the formulation of and conceptual solution to the problem of consciousness (G. Akopov), moving from the contexts of interdisciplinary discourse to psychological discourse. Methods. On the basis of previous author's reviews and research (G. Akopov) on the problems of consciousness, a certain range of philosophical, neuroscientific and psychological definitions and theories of consciousness is presented. The collected material, but for all its limitations in comparison with the hard-to-observe set of ideas, approaches and concepts that exist today in modern English-language literature on the problems of consciousness, allows us to identify a number of key points in an excessively multiple picture, more or less logically compatible. The typological approach we proposed in 2015 (an expanded version in 2021) allows us to streamline the entire set of ideas about consciousness. In accordance with the typology on the identification criterion, the concept of categories and categorical spaces of consciousness in various dimensions is specified. Results. A new methodology in the formulation and solution of the problem of consciousness has been formalized: categorical and typological approaches. The possibility of constructing categorical systems of various dimensions based on the typological identification of consciousness is demonstrated. The communicative nature of consciousness, implicitly represented in certain definitions of consciousness, is shown on the material of a number of existing approaches to identifying consciousness. Conclusion. Typological and categorical approaches make it possible to streamline and systematize the existing set of statements and solutions to the problem of consciousness. The relevant system of categorical spaces of various dimensions defines new opportunities for promising research, amplified by the thesis about the existence of non-verbal languages of consciousness in the socio-communicative, interpersonal and intrapersonal communicative dimensions. The new methodology, coupled with instrumental developments, makes it possible to pose and solve the topical problem of diversity and unity in human consciousness.
Cultural-historical methodology for the analysis of anamneses of adolescents with self-harm behaviours
Authors: Burlakova Natalia S. , Oleshkevich Valery I.
Published: April 2023

Background. Existing approaches to the analysis of anamneses are predominantly naturalistic and descriptive and rarely include cultural-historical analysis of mental development. Self-harm (suicidal) behaviour in adolescents is an acute clinical, medical and social problem. The obtained research data are often contradictory and mostly provide only medical perspective on the problem. Also, they are only rarely coordinated with organization of psychological development of adolescents and with designing preventive measures to aid adolescents and their families. The article examines social structures in the adolescents’ environment, which contribute to disorder development, in the framework of project-based approach developed in cultural-historical psychology. Objective. The scope of the article is to exemplify a study based on cultural-historical analysis of psychological anamneses and to show its stages in a case of a group of adolescents with self-destructive behaviours. Sample. The article data are based on the sample of 40 male adolescents aged 14–17 with self-destructive (suicidal) behavior hospitalized to the psychiatric facility. Methods. Analysis of anamnesis in its cultural-historical version, conversation, and observation were applied in the study. The study proceeded in the identification and analysis of the objective social structures that are significant for adolescents’ development, and then in understanding the process of their transformation within the internal phenomenological-clinical part of the adolescents’ experience. Results. The article describes the main stages and methods for conducting a study based on the psychological analysis of the anamnesis differing from other variations of work with the anamnesis. The two most significant factors contributing to the development of self-destructive behaviour in adolescents are identified: the position of the only child in the family (or its socio-psychological variations) and typical dysfunctions in the family history of such adolescents. Conclusion. The conducted analysis brings up the issue of developing hypotheses both about the social and psychological structure in the diagnostics of the corresponding disorders, and about those social and psychological mechanisms that underlie readiness for suicidal behavior in adolescents. According to the authors, psychological analytics organized in this way expands significantly the concept of the clinic, bringing it into wider social and cultural spaces, which in the future can be used in diagnosis and in the organization of prevention in relation to developmental deviations.
Опозиція «свій / чужий» у семантичній структурі польських паремій
Authors: Мороз [Moroz] Тетяна [Tetiana]
Published: April 2023

The Opposition Us–Them in the Semantic Structure of Polish Paroemias This article presents the results of a study of the opposition us–them in the composition of Polish proverbs and sayings. This opposition is one of the domi­nant elements of paroemias and it is an integral part of the linguistic world­view. The article focuses on the description and analysis of the value content of the opposition under scrutiny as an element of Polish paroemias. It also presents peculiarities of its perception in the language consciousness of the Polish people and the reflection of these peculiarities in the context of paroemic units. Opozycja swój/obcy w strukturze semantycznej polskich paremii Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań nad opozycją swój/obcy w strukturze polskich przysłów i powiedzeń. Omawiana opozycja jest jednym z dominujących elementów paremii, jak również integralną częścią językowego obrazu świata. Artykuł skupia się na opisie i analizie treści wartościującej bada­nej opozycji jako elementu polskich paremii. Przedstawia również osobliwości jej postrzegania w świadomości językowej Polaków oraz ich odzwierciedlenie w kontekście jednostek paremicznych.
До проблем лексикографічної презентації фемінативів у тлумачних словниках української мови
Authors: Архангельська [Arkhanhelʹsʹka] Алла [Alla]
Published: April 2023

On the Lexicographic Presentation of Female Nominations in Dictionaries of the Ukrainian Language 
This article deals with the main problematic issues concerning the linguistic and technical principles of lexicographic presentation of female nominations in dictionaries of the Ukrainian language. The study analyses the position­ing of female nominations on the axis “word form – separate word”, the grounds for their inclusion in / exclusion from the dictionary, the objectification of their derivational characteristics, the formalised description of their variants, and the lexi­cographic presentation of their functional and stylistic features, with the attendant problems of dictionary marking. The author proposes possible ways of optimising the lexicographic description of female nominations in such dictionaries. The analysis considers material from the second half of the twentieth century and the first decades of the twenty-first century; it also makes use of data from bilingual Russian-Ukrainian dictionaries.
 
O prezentacji leksykograficznej nazw żeńskich w słownikach języka ukraińskiego
W artykule omówiono główne problemy dotyczące językowych i technicznych zasad prezentacji leksykograficznej nazw żeńskich w  słownikach języka ukraińskiego. Opracowanie analizuje ich umiejscowienie na osi „forma wyrazowa – wyraz odrębny”, podstawy włączenia/wykluczenia ze słownika, obiek­tywizację cech derywacyjnych, sformalizowany opis wariantów oraz prezentację leksykograficzną cech funkcjonalnych i stylistycznych, jak również związane z tym problemy dotyczące oznaczenia w słowniku. Autorka proponuje możliwe sposoby optymalizacji opisu leksykograficznego nazw żeńskich w słownikach tego typu. W analizie uwzględniono materiał z drugiej połowy XX wieku i pierwszych dekad XXI wieku; opracowanie wyko­rzystuje również dane z dwujęzycznych słowników rosyjsko-ukraińskich.
Komplementy i pochwały jako wyraz grzeczności językowej w korespondencji prywatnej Henryka Sienkiewicza
Authors: Mariak Leonarda
Published: April 2023

Compliments and Praise as an Expression of Linguistic Courtesy in the Private Correspondence of Henryk Sienkiewicz This article presents a linguistic, stylistic and functional analysis of almost 200 compliments which Henryk Sienkiewicz paid to his closest family mem­bers in his letters. The study indicates that complimenting, although not very frequent, is an important act of linguistic courtesy in epistolary conversation. As discussed, the principal function of compliments was to make family rela­tionships more enjoyable as well as to express positive emotions towards loved ones. The writer’s compliments are most often complex and characterised by variety in terms of lexis, and they have a great artistic value. Komplementy i pochwały jako wyraz grzeczności językowej w korespondencji prywatnej Henryka Sienkiewicza Artykuł zawiera analizę językowo-stylistyczną i funkcjonalną blisko 200 komplementów Sienkiewicza dedykowanych najbliższym członkom rodziny. Badania pokazały, że komplementowanie, choć niezbyt częste, jest ważnym dla konwersacji listowej aktem grzeczności językowej. Podstawową funkcją komplementów było uprzyjemnianie relacji rodzinnych i chęć okazania bli­skim pozytywnych uczuć. Sienkiewiczowskie komplementy najczęściej mają rozbudowaną postać i charakteryzują się zróżnicowaniem warstwy leksykalnej oraz dużymi walorami artystycznymi.
Artykuł wycofany [Retracted article]: Frazeologia polskiej gwary mieszkańców wsi Wierszyna na Syberii na początku XXI wieku
Authors: Grupa-Dolińska Magdalena
Published: April 2023

This is a retracted article, whose corrected version, bearing the same title, is avalaible under the DOI: https://doi.org/10.11649/sfps.3030 . At the request of the author, the incorrect wording of the note on the financial support of the work was corrected.Phraseology of the Polish Dialect of the Inhabitants of Vershina Village in Siberia at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century The first Polish voluntary settlers appeared in the area of present-day Vershina village at the beginning of the twentieth century. Despite functioning in isola­tion from their linguistic homeland, the inhabitants of Vershina still use their dialectal Polish, which displays a combination of various features of the Lesser Polish dialectal area. The speech of the inhabitants of Vershina also displays the increasingly stronger influence of the Russian language. Despite the relatively rich literature on the language of Poles in Vershina, its phraseology has not as yet been described. This article is an attempt to partially fill this gap by showing the state of this phraseology in the first decades of the twenty-first century. The study presents Polish phraseologisms preserved in the speech of the Poles in Vershina as well as the units which are a consequence of the influence of the Russian language on their dialectal Polish in the field of phraseology.To jest wycofany artykuł, którego poprawiona wersja o tym samym tytule jest dostępna pod następującym numerem DOI: https://doi.org/10.11649/sfps.3030 . Korekty artykułu dokonano na prośbę autorki i dotyczyła błędnego zapisu formuły o finansowaniu artykułu.Frazeologia polskiej gwary mieszkańców wsi Wierszyna na Syberii na początku XXI wieku Pierwsi polscy dobrowolni osadnicy pojawili się na obszarze dzisiejszej Wierszyny na początku XX wieku. Mimo funkcjonowania w oderwaniu od ojczyzny językowej, mieszkańcy Wierszyny do dziś posługują się polską gwarą, stanowiącą połączenie cech różnych gwar dialektu małopolskiego. W mowie wierszynian widoczny jest także coraz silniejszy wpływ języka rosyjskiego. Mimo stosunkowo bogatej literatury na temat języka Polaków w Wierszynie, frazeologia do tej pory nie doczekała się opisu. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę częściowego uzupełnienia tej luki poprzez ukazanie stanu zarejestrowanego w pierwszych dekadach XXI wieku. W artykule zostały zaprezentowane zachowane w mowie wierszynian frazeologizmy znane w polszczyźnie oraz te jednostki, które stanowią konsekwencję wpływu języka rosyjskiego na polską gwarę w zakresie frazeologii.
Пути проникновения лексических богемизмов в старорусский язык в XIV–XVII вв.
Authors: Руденка [Rudenka] Алена [Alena]
Published: April 2023

The Ways of Penetration of Lexical Bohemisms into the Russian Language from the Fourteenth to the Seventeenth CenturyThis article is devoted to Bohemisms which came into the Russian language between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries. The influence of Old Czech on Russian was indirect: it was mediated by prosta mova, the East Slavic written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. From the earliest period, the main source of Bohemisms was translated literature. In most cases, their way into Russian was as follows: classical (Western European) language → Old Czech → Old Polish → prosta mova → 14th–17th-century Russian. Sposoby przenikania bohemizmów leksykalnych do języka rosyjskiego od XIV do XVII wiekuW artykule omówiono bohemizmy, które weszły do języka rosyjskiego w XIV–XVII wieku. Wpływ języka staroczeskiego na język rosyjski nie był bezpośredni. Obywał się za pośrednictwem tak zwanej „prostej mowy”, czyli wschodniosłowiańskiego języka pisanego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Głównym źródłem bohemizmów od najwcześniejszego okresu była literatura tłumaczona. W większości przypadków droga zapożyczeń wyglądała następująco: (zachodnioeuropejski) język klasyczny → staroczeski → staropolski → „prosta mowa” → język rosyjski XIV–XVII wieku.
Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation, Therapeutic Trends, and Outcomes in Arterial Thrombosis Complicating Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Castro-Varela Alejandra , Martinez-Magallanes Daniela M , Reyes-Chavez Maria Fernanda , Gonzalez-Rayas Jose Manuel , Paredes-Vazquez Jose Gildardo , Vazquez-Garza Eduardo , Castillo-Perez Mauricio , Flores-Sayavedra Yoezer Z , Martinez Arturo , Ramos Cazares Ray Erick , Guajardo Jaime , Lopez-de la Garza Hector , Salinas-Casanova Jose Alfredo , Betancourt Hector , Molina-Rodriguez Abigail Montserrat , Panneflek Jathniel , Fabiani Mario Alejandro , Jerjes-Sanchez Carlos
Published: April 2023

Data on characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus (COVID)-19 patients complicated with arterial thrombosis (AT) are scarce. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review (PRISMA, PROSPERO statements; PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to identify risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes. We included publications from December 2019 to October 2020. Groups: (a) ischemic stroke, (b) thrombotic storm, (c) peripheral vascular thrombosis, (d) myocardial infarction, and (e) left cardiac thrombus or in-transit thrombus (venous system thrombus floating or attaching to the right heart). We considered 131 studies. The most frequent cardiovascular risk factors were: hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. A high proportion presented with asymptomatic, mild, or moderate COVID-19 ( n = 91, 41.4%). We identified a high percentage of isolated ischemic stroke and thrombotic storm. Groups with higher mortality rate: intracardiac thrombus (1/2, 50.0%), thrombotic storm (18/49, 36.7%), and ischemic stroke (48/131, 36.6%). A small number received thromboprophylaxis. Most patients received antithrombotic treatment. The most frequent bleeding complication was intracranial hemorrhage, primarily with isolated stroke. Overall mortality was 33.6% (74/220). Despite a wide range of COVID-19 severity, a high proportion had AT as a complication of non-severe disease. AT can affect different vascular territories; mortality is associated with stroke, intensive care unit stay, and severe COVID-19.
Assessing the Relationship Between Infection Frequency and Risk of Post-Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage
Authors: Schafer Austin , Worobetz Noah , Lukens Jordan , Bourgeois Tran , Onwuka Amanda , Elmaraghy Charles , Chiang Tendy
Published: April 2023

Objective:

To determine the relationship between frequency of tonsillitis and the risk of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis.

Methods:

After obtaining IRB approval from Nationwide Children’s Hospital, charts for all patients who underwent a total tonsillectomy in 2017 for recurrent or chronic tonsillitis were retrospectively reviewed (n = 424). Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on the frequency of tonsillitis prior to surgery: those meeting the 1-year criteria with 7 or more infections in the past year (n = 100), and those who did not meet criteria defined as those with fewer than 7 infections in the past year (n = 324). The primary outcome of interest was PTH. Comparison of cohorts and frequency of PTH were assessed using bivariate analyses. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare time to onset of hemorrhage between primary vs. secondary PTH. Generalized mixed and logistic regression models were used to evaluate risk of hemorrhage following tonsillectomy.

Results:

Among a total cohort of 424 patients undergoing tonsillectomy, 23.58% (n = 100) met criteria while 76.42% (n = 324) did not. A total of 8.73% (n = 37) patients experienced PTH. Compared to those who did not meet criteria, those who met criteria had a higher odds of developing PTH; however, this was not significant (OR: 1.42 [95% CI: 0.67, 2.98], P = .3582). Estimated probability of developing PTH for those who met criteria was 11% [95% CI: 6.19, 18.81] compared to 8.03% [95% CI: 5.52, 11.54] for those who did not meet criteria. Among all PTH cases, 5.41% (n = 2) were primary hemorrhage while 94.59% (n = 35) were secondary hemorrhage with 50% of those with secondary PTH having experienced hemorrhage within 6 days [95% CI: 5, 7] of tonsillectomy. Patients with neuromuscular conditions had significantly higher odds of PTH (OR: 4.75 [95% CI: 1.19, 18.97], P = .0276).

Conclusion:

Patients who met the 1-year criteria for tonsillectomy did not have a significantly higher odds of PTH. Further research is needed to better evaluate the relationship between infection frequency and risk of PTH.
A Cross-Sectional Survey Study Evaluating United States Medical School Curricula in Otolaryngology
Authors: Ryll Lucia S. , Pellegrini William R. , Richards Phillip Q. , Zhou Maya T. , Newlands Shawn D. , Levi Jessica R.
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

With an ever-expanding medical knowledge base and requirements for clinical training, medical schools struggle to incorporate subspecialty education, such as otolaryngology (OTO), into curricula. This study aims to assess the current state of OTO education, and evaluate factors contributing to the extent of OTO teaching in United States (U.S.) medical schools.

Methods:

A 48-question survey evaluated the extent and practices of OTO teaching. The survey was distributed by email to all 155 LCME accredited U.S. allopathic medical schools in 2020 and 2021.

Results:

Sixty-eight unique responses were received (43.9% of U.S. allopathic medical schools). 36.8% (n = 25) of schools reported having formal expectations of OTO knowledge in their core curriculum. Only 1 school (1.5%) had a required OTO rotation; the majority of schools offered an optional third or fourth year clerkship rotation (76.5% and 95.6%, respectively). Schools with residency programs and who employ their faculty through an OTO or surgery department were more likely to have otolaryngologists teach basic science lectures and the Head & Neck exam, offer an optional third year rotation, and have formal expectations of rotating students.

Conclusions:

Medical schools with residency programs and who employ their faculty through an OTO or surgery department have more robust OTO curricula. Despite the ubiquity of OTO presentations across specialties, incorporation of OTO knowledge in U.S. medical school curricula remains variable, and at times limited.
A Consumer Divided Cannot Stand
Authors: Ghosh Shubha
Published: April 2023

Should product disparagement give rise to an antitrust claim of monopolization or attempted monopolization? Majority of the courts have said no while some scholars are skeptical of these decisions. This article examines how conflicting visions of the consumer inform this debate. The conventional wisdom is that antitrust claims should adopt the principle of consumer welfare maximization with the assumption of the rational consumer, protected by product disparagement laws independent of antitrust. But if the consumer is not rational, the application of the consumer welfare standard needs to be re-examined. Specifically, product disparagement and antitrust claims are not independent or separable. This article examines the implications of the consumer division and examines both the consumer welfare assumption of conventional antitrust and its neo-Brandeisian critiques.
The effect of MWCNTs on the properties of peroxide vulcanized ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites
Authors: Ketikis P , Ketikis I , Klonos PA , Giannakopoulou T , Kyritsis A , Trapalis C , Tarantili PA
Published: April 2023

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were incorporated in EPDM matrix in an internal mixer. Characterization of the prepared MWCNTs/EPDM composites using RAMAN spectroscopy reveals a minor deterioration of the CNTs’ structure, in terms of intensities ratio of D and G bands (ID/IG ratio), probably due to the intensive mixing conditions of internal mixer. The thermal stability of MWCNTs/EPDM composites was improved, as it was observed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results, whereas the glass transition temperature (Tg) remained almost unaffected. In addition, MWCNTs/EPDM composites showed significant improvement in their modulus of elasticity and a decrease in swelling after immersion in benzene, in comparison with the pristine elastomer. The study of dielectric properties for MWCNT’s/EPDM nanocomposites determined the percolation threshold between 2 and 3 phr MWCNTs content. Enhancement in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of MWCNTs/EPDM composites was also recorded by the increase of filler content in the elastomeric matrix, with the reflectance being the main shielding mechanism. A slight increase in thermal diffusivity and conductivity was observed at EPDM composites with low MWCNTs content (1–5 phr) which became more significant at higher loads (8 & 10 phr).
Egoism and Altruism in Intergroup Conflict
Authors: Varaine Simon , Magni-Berton Raul , Benslimane Ismaël , Crosetto Paolo
Published: April 2023

Studies have shown that intergroup conflict may result from two distinct human motives: the desire to obtain personal retributions from conflict ( egoism), and the desire to sacrifice for the benefit of the ingroup ( parochial altruism). Yet, the relative strength of these motives is open to debate. In this study, we compare behaviors in two Intergroup Prisoner’s Dilemmas (IPD), which respectively capture altruistic and egoistic motives to generate conflict. Egoistic motives result in about 40% more conflict than altruistic motives. Yet, parochial altruism generates more conflict when three conditions are gathered: i) other ingroup members are parochial altruists, ii) the outgroup is aggressive and iii) the outgroup is rich. Implications regarding the diverging structural causes of terrorism and civil wars are discussed.
Do we know it when we see it? (Re)-conceptualizing rebel-to-party transition
Authors: Zaks Sherry
Published: April 2023

In addition to providing crucial insights, the rebel-to-party literature exhibits an unacknowledged conceptual tension: despite remarkable agreement on what ‘rebel-to-party transition’ should capture, there are nearly as many definitions and measures as there are studies of it. I demonstrate that conceptual imprecision has an analytic ripple effect—compromising the validity of the concept, the quality of the measure, the validity of inclusion criteria, and the results of analyses. Across four existing rebel-to-party variables, scholars only agree with regard to eight transitions (out of 161) and five failures (out of hundreds). To address these limitations, I propose a novel conceptualization and measure of rebel-to-party transition—distinguishing between failures, nominal participants (the conventional benchmark for transition), and seated participants. I demonstrate that some definitions of ‘failure’ induce selection effects into samples, and that minimalist indicators of ‘transition’ introduce problematic heterogeneity into ‘successes’. My analyses reveal that nominal participants are statistically indistinguishable from failures on key traits predicting transition and, moreover, seated participants consistently drive results. As such, the new conceptual framework advances the literature on conceptual and empirical grounds.
Meta-Reflexivity and Teacher Professionalism: Facilitating Multiparadigmatic Teacher Education to Achieve a Future-Proof Profession
Authors: Cramer Colin , Brown Chris , Aldridge David
Published: April 2023

The present work discusses the relevance of meta-reflexivity, both for the professionalization of the teaching profession and for teacher education. Meta-reflexivity is based on the multiparadigmatic system of teacher education, which finds itself grounded in diverse scientific disciplines. The approach takes uncertainty as an essential element characterizing the act of teaching. Inherent rationales of specific theories and empirical findings are made explicit, thus creating a referential framework for situation-specific interpretations and professional action. Based on a theoretical reconstruction, we propose meta-reflexivity as an essential element of pedagogic practice and, consequently, teacher professionalism. Such professionalism is characterized by teachers being able to undertake exemplary-typifying interpretations of situations, based on a deep understanding of multiple approaches. While assessing specific situations in school, a teacher can refer to these interpretations. Possible principles of a meta-reflexive teacher education are proposed that can potentially enrich the practice of teacher education for a future-proof profession.
The Editor’s Note: Modeling a positive future for all genders
Authors: Preston Teresa
Published: April 2023

Young people of all genders need role models from their community to help them see a path ahead. But many boys lack these kinds of positive role models in school. Teresa Preston, Kappan’s editor-in-chief, previews the April 2023 Kappan on “Educating Boys.” The articles in the issue describe the importance of role models for boys of color, for boys who might excel in the humanities, and for boys who are vulnerable to the influence of online misogynists and provocateurs.
Talking the technology talk
Authors: Krutka Daniel G. , Pleasants Jacob , Nichols T. Philip
Published: April 2023

The school lives of students and educators have long been affected by technological changes, but the advent of digital technologies, from smartphones to social media, have amplified the effects on their daily lives. Unfortunately, school curricula rarely focus on critically examining our relationships with technologies. Daniel G. Krutka, Jacob Pleasants, and T. Philip Nichols offer a framework called the technology education iceberg to help educators plan and reflect on how they teach about technology. They argue that the science, social studies, and English subject areas offer opportunities to encourage a technoskeptical stance in students and educators that is needed for flourishing lives and democratic societies.
Policy Solutions: Policy questions for ChatGPT and artificial intelligence
Authors: Collins Jonathan E.
Published: April 2023

Columnist Jonathan E. Collins interviews his colleague, Professor Suresh Venkatasubramanian, a professor of data science and computer science at Brown University. He is one of the leading experts on the development of guardrails for engaging with automated programs safely. The two discuss how artificial intelligence and ChatGPT could affect education and how school leaders may react to the new tools.
Under The Law: Boys, men, and Title IX
Authors: Kim Robert
Published: April 2023

Title IX, the federal law that protects against sex discrimination in schools, is frequently considered a law to protect women from bias, harassment, and assault. However, in recent years, it has also been used to protect the rights of LGBTQ+ students and of men. Robert Kim describes how male victims of harassment have been able to seek justice under Title IX. At the same time, men accused of harassment have turned to the law when they believe that anti-male bias drove the decisions to punish them.
ChatGPT for Language Teaching and Learning
Authors: Kohnke Lucas , Moorhouse Benjamin Luke , Zou Di
Published: April 2023

In this technology review, we explore the affordances of the generative AI chatbot ChatGPT for language teaching and learning. In addition to this, we also present debates and drawbacks of ChatGPT. Finally, we present the digital competencies teachers and learners require to use this chatbot ethically and effectively to support language learning.
Leveraging Technology to Develop Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Mejia Madeleine , Sargent Joshua M.
Published: April 2023

This article describes the nexus of the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, principles of the Backward Curriculum Design process, and the Education 1.0, 2.0, & 3.0 communication flows working together to help TK-12 educators leverage technology tools to support the development of students’ critical thinking skills. We offer the addition of the Backward Curriculum Design and Ed 1.0–3.0 communication flow to the TPACK framework to provide educators with a roadmap that evaluates the use of technology tools to reinforce higher levels of student learning and thinking. As well, we contextualize our additions to the TPACK framework with examples demonstrating how to assess, select and effectively incorporate technology, inclusive of artificial intelligence applications, into classroom instruction. A set of guiding questions using the principles of this new framework are included.
From Dynamite Hill to The Black Power Mixtape: Angela Davis on the Violence/Nonviolence Binary and the Mediation of Black Political Thought
Authors: Beard Lisa
Published: April 2023

This essay explores the archive of a 1971 interview of Angela Davis by Swedish journalist Bo Holmström—recorded in Santa Clara County Jail where Davis awaited trial—to examine the relationship between Black radical thought and its social and intellectual mediation, especially when it comes to questions of violence versus nonviolence. Where Holmström invokes the “violence/nonviolence” binary in the interview, Davis pointedly resists its distortions, restoring the record of contemporary and historical conditions of racial terror that both necessitate and criminalize Black self-defense. Decades later, the interview was filtered through the violence/nonviolence binary in editing for the acclaimed 2011 documentary, The Black Power Mixtape 1967-1975, with Davis’s wider conversation with Holmström not only abridged but remixed into a shorter exchange on armed self-defense. Studying the interview from its conditions of possibility through its later remixing, and reading it together with her opening defense statement (1972) and later speeches and writings, the essay excavates and explicates Davis’s original theoretical interventions and indexes a cluster of forces that mediate Black radical thought, Black women’s radical thought more specifically, and prison texts. The final section historicizes Davis’s theorization of the spatial and relational contexts of Black self-defense in Dynamite Hill, Alabama, and in California, and contends that her incisive interventions into the violence/nonviolence binary in 1971 remain critical here and now.
Chilean Exiles at El Sueño Existe: Liminality and Communitas in a Commemorative Space
Authors: Rivera Ignacio
Published: April 2023

Examination of the experience of a group of Chilean exiles participating in El Sueño Existe, a contemporary Welsh festival inspired by the work of the Chilean artist Víctor Jara, suggests that by allowing Chileans to observe and experience social, material, and symbolic dynamics that suspend certain norms of everyday life, the festival helps them to construct a symbolic bridge between the past and the present, between “them” and “us,” and to formulate a critique of certain political power structures.

Una examinación de la experiencia de un grupo de exiliados chilenos que participan en El Sueño Existe, un festival galés contemporáneo inspirado en la obra del artista chileno Víctor Jara, sugiere que al permitir a los chilenos observar y experimentar dinámicas sociales, materiales y simbólicas que suspenden ciertas normas de la vida cotidiana, dicho festival les ayuda a construir un puente simbólico entre el pasado y el presente, entre “ellos” y “nosotros”, y formular una crítica de ciertas estructuras de poder político.
Management of spontaneous isolated mesenteric artery dissection
Authors: Ho Kelvin Kam Fai , Sivakumaran Yogeesan
Published: April 2023

Spontaneous isolated mesenteric arterial dissection (SIMAD) is an uncommon subset of non-traumatic dissection of the mesenteric arteries without concurrent aortic dissection. Due to the widespread use of computer tomography angiography, SIMAD cases have been increasingly reported in the past 20 years. Common risk factors associated with SIMAD include male gender, age 50–60 years, hypertension and smoking. This review summarises the diagnostic pathway and management of SIMAD based on contemporary literature and proposes a treatment algorithm for SIMAD. The presentation of SIMAD can be divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Symptomatic patients should be carefully assessed to detect the development of complications, particularly bowel ischemia or vessel rupture. Although these complications are rare, they necessitate urgent surgical management. The vast majority of symptomatic SIMAD cases are uncomplicated and can be managed safely with conservative treatment that includes antihypertensive therapy, bowel rest, with or without antithrombotic therapy. For asymptomatic SIMAD cases, expectant management with outpatient surveillance imaging appears to be a safe strategy.
Change in carbohydrate intake one year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: A prospective study
Authors: Vliebergh Joke , Gesquiere Ina , Foulon Veerle , Augustijns Patrick , Lannoo Matthias , Deleus Ellen , Meulemans Ann , Mathieu Chantal , Mertens Ann , Matthys Christophe , Van der Schueren Bart , Vangoitsenhoven Roman
Published: April 2023

Background and objectives: To investigate the effect of carbohydrate intake before laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) on body weight, body composition and glycaemic status after surgery. Methods: In a tertiary centre cohort study, dietary habits, body composition and glycaemic status were evaluated before and 3, 6 and 12 months after LRYGB. Detailed dietary food records were processed by specialized dietitians on the basis of a standard protocol. The study population was subdivided according to relative carbohydrate intake before surgery. Results: Before surgery, 30 patients had a moderate relative carbohydrate intake (26%–45%, M-CHO), a mean body mass index (BMI) of 40.4 ± 3.9 kg/m² and a mean glycated haemoglobin A1c (A1C) of 6.5 ± 1.2% compared to 20 patients with a high relative carbohydrate intake (> 45%, H-CHO), mean BMI of 40.9 ± 3.7 kg/m² (non-significant, NS) and a mean A1C of 6.2% (NS). One year after surgery, body weight, body composition and glycaemic status were similar in the M-CHO (n = 25) and H-CHO groups (n = 16), despite less caloric intake in the H-CHO group (1317 ± 285 g vs. 1646 ± 345 g in M-CHO, p < 0.01). Their relative carbohydrate intake converged to 46% in both groups, but the H-CHO group reduced the absolute total carbohydrate consumption more than the M-CHO group (190 ± 50 g in M-CHO vs. 153 ± 39 g in H-CHO, p < 0.05), and this was especially pronounced for the mono- and disaccharides (86 ± 30 g in M-CHO vs. 65 ± 27 g in H-CHO, p < 0.05). Conclusion: A high relative carbohydrate intake before LRYGB, did not influence the change in body composition or diabetes status after surgery, despite a significantly lower total energy intake and less mono- and disaccharide consumption after surgery.