bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unprecedented efficient electron transport across Au nanoparticles with up to 25-nm insulating SiO2-shells
Authors: Li Chuanping , Xu Chen , Cahen David , Jin Yongdong
Published: December 2019

Quantum tunneling is the basis of molecular electronics, but often its electron transport range is too short to overcome technical defects caused by downscaling of electronic devices, which limits the development of molecular-/nano-electronics. Marrying electronics with plasmonics may well present a revolutionary way to meet this challenge as it can manipulate electron flow with plasmonics at the nanoscale. Here we report on unusually efficient temperature-independent electron transport, with some photoconductivity, across a new type of junction with active plasmonics. The junction is made by assembly of SiO2 shell-insulated Au nanoparticles (Au@SiO2 NPs) into dense nanomembranes of a few Au@SiO2 layers thick and transport is measured across these membranes. We propose that the mechanism is plasmon-enabled transport, possibly tunneling (as it is temperature-independent). Unprecedentedly ultra-long-range transport across one, up to even three layers of Au@SiO2 in the junction, with a cumulative insulating (silica) gap up to 29 nm/NP layer was achieved, well beyond the measurable limit for normal quantum mechanical tunneling across insulators (~2.5 nm at 0.5–1 V). This finding opens up a new interdisciplinary field of exploration in nanoelectronics with wide potential impact on such areas as electronic information transfer.
Overexpression of the HECT ubiquitin ligase PfUT prolongs the intraerythrocytic cycle and reduces invasion efficiency of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Jankowska-Döllken Monika , Sanchez Cecilia P. , Cyrklaff Marek , Lanzer Michael
Published: December 2019

The glms ribozyme system has been used as an amenable tool to conditionally control expression of genes of interest. It is generally assumed that insertion of the ribozyme sequence does not affect expression of the targeted gene in the absence of the inducer glucosamine-6-phosphate, although experimental support for this assumption is scarce. Here, we report the unexpected finding that integration of the glms ribozyme sequence in the 3′ untranslated region of a gene encoding a HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase, termed Plasmodium falciparum ubiquitin transferase (PfUT), increased steady state RNA and protein levels 2.5-fold in the human malaria parasite P. falciparum. Overexpression of pfut resulted in an S/M phase-associated lengthening of the parasite’s intraerythrocytic developmental cycle and a reduced merozoite invasion efficiency. The addition of glucosamine partially restored the wild type phenotype. Our study suggests a role of PfUT in controlling cell cycle progression and merozoite invasion. Our study further raises awareness regarding unexpected effects on gene expression when inserting the glms ribozyme sequence into a gene locus.
Response surface methodological (RSM) approach for optimizing the removal of trihalomethanes (THMs) and its precursor’s by surfactant modified magnetic nanoadsorbents (sMNP) - An endeavor to diminish probable cancer risk
Authors: Kumari Minashree , Gupta Sunil Kumar
Published: December 2019

Response surface methodology (RSM) approach was used for optimization of the process parameters and identifying the optimal conditions for the removal of both trihalomethanes (THMs) and natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water supplies. Co-precipitation process was employed for the synthesis of magnetic nano-adsorbent (sMNP), and were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), trans-emission electron microscopy (TEM), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and zeta potential. Box-Behnken experimental design combined with response surface and optimization was used to predict THM and NOM in drinking water supplies. Variables were concentration of sMNP (0.1 g to 5 g), pH (4–10) and reaction time (5 min to 90 min). Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to identify the adequacy of the developed model, and revealed good agreement between the experimental data and proposed model. The experimentally derived RSM model was validated using t-test and a range of statistical parameters. The observed R2 value, adj. R2, pred. R2 and “F-values” indicates that the developed THM and NOM models are significant. Risk analysis study revealed that under the RSM optimized conditions, a marked reduction in the cancer risk of THMs was observed for both the groups studied. Therefore, the study observed that the developed process and models can be efficiently applied for the removal of both THM and NOM from drinking water supplies.
Bidirectional association between asthma and migraines in adults: Two longitudinal follow-up studies
Authors: Kim So Young , Min Chanyang , Oh Dong Jun , Lim Jae-Sung , Choi Hyo Geun
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bidirectional association between asthma and migraines using control subjects matched by demographic factors. The Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service - National Sample Cohort from 2002 to 2013 was used. In study I, 113,059 asthma participants were matched with 113,059 control I participants. In study II, 36,044 migraine participants were matched with 114,176 control II participants. The hazard ratios (HRs) of migraines in the asthma patients (study I) and asthma in the migraine patients (study II) were analyzed using stratified Cox proportional hazard models after adjusting for depression and the Charlson comorbidity index. In study I, 5.3% (6,017/ 113,059) of the asthma group and 3.4% (3,806/ 113,059) of the control I group had migraines (P < 0.001). The asthma group demonstrated an adjusted HR of 1.47 for migraine (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41–1.53, P < 0.001). In study II, 15.4% (5,548/36,044) of the migraine group and 10.6% (15,271/144,176) of the control group had asthma (P < 0.001). The migraine group showed an adjusted HR of 1.37 for asthma (95% CI = 1.33–1.41, P value < 0.001). Asthma and migraines are reciprocally associated.
Increased fluvial runoff terminated inorganic aragonite precipitation on the Northwest Shelf of Australia during the early Holocene
Authors: Hallenberger Maximilian , Reuning Lars , Gallagher Stephen J. , Back Stefan , Ishiwa Takeshige , Christensen Beth A. , Bogus Kara
Published: December 2019

Inorganic precipitation of aragonite is a common process within tropical carbonate environments. Across the Northwest Shelf of Australia (NWS) such precipitates were abundant in the late Pleistocene, whereas present-day sedimentation is dominated by calcitic bioclasts. This study presents sedimentological and geochemical analyses of core data retrieved from the upper 13 meters of IODP Site U1461 that provide a high-resolution sedimentary record of the last ~15 thousand years. Sediments that formed from 15 to 10.1 ka BP are aragonitic and characterised by small needles (<5 µm) and ooids. XRF elemental proxy data indicate that these sediments developed under arid conditions in which high marine alkalinity favoured carbonate precipitation. A pronounced change of XRF-proxy values around 10.1 ka BP indicates a transition to a more humid climate and elevated fluvial runoff. This climatic change coincides with a shelf-wide cessation of inorganic aragonite production and a switch to carbonate sedimentation dominated by skeletal calcite. High ocean water alkalinity due to an arid climate and low fluvial runoff therefore seems to be a prerequisite for the formation of shallow water aragonite-rich sediments on the NWS. These conditions are not necessarily synchronous to interglacial periods, but are linked to the regional hydrological cycle.
Species-specific transcriptional profiles of the gut and gut microbiome of Ceratitis quilicii and Ceratitis rosa sensu stricto
Authors: Khamis Fathiya M. , Mireji Paul O. , Ombura Fidelis L. O. , Malacrida Anna R. , Awuoche Erick O. , Rono Martin , Mohamed Samira A. , Tanga Chrysantus M. , Ekesi Sunday
Published: December 2019

The fruit fly species, Ceratitis rosa sensu stricto and Ceratitis quilicii, are sibling species restricted to the lowland and highland regions, respectively. Until recently, these sibling species were considered as allopatric populations of C. rosa with distinct bionomics. We used deep Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology on intact guts of individuals from the two sibling species to compare their transcriptional profiles and simultaneously understand gut microbiome and host molecular processes and identify distinguishing genetic differences between the two species. Since the genomes of both species had not been published previously, the transcriptomes were assembled de novo into transcripts. Microbe-specific transcript orthologs were separated from the assembly by filtering searches of the transcripts against microbe databases using OrthoMCL. We then used differential expression analysis of host-specific transcripts (i.e. those remaining after the microbe-specific transcripts had been removed) and microbe-specific transcripts from the two-sibling species to identify defining species-specific transcripts that were present in only one fruit fly species or the other, but not in both. In C. quilicii females, bacterial transcripts of Pectobacterium spp., Enterobacterium buttiauxella, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella variicola were upregulated compared to the C. rosa s.s. females. Comparison of expression levels of the host transcripts revealed a heavier investment by C. quilicii (compared with C. rosa s.s.) in: immunity; energy production; cell proliferation; insecticide resistance; reproduction and proliferation; and redox reactions that are usually associated with responses to stress and degradation of fruit metabolites.
Publisher Correction: Anticipatory postural adjustments during joint action coordination
Authors: Nogueira-Campos A. A. , Hilt P. M. , Fadiga L. , Veronesi C. , D’Ausilio A. , Pozzo T.
Published: December 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Telomere analysis using 3D fluorescence microscopy suggests mammalian telomere clustering in hTERT-immortalized Hs68 fibroblasts
Authors: Adam Nancy , Degelman Erin , Briggs Sophie , Wazen Rima-Marie , Colarusso Pina , Riabowol Karl , Beattie Tara
Published: December 2019

Telomere length and dynamics are central to understanding cell aging, genomic instability and cancer. Currently, there are limited guidelines for analyzing telomeric features in 3D using different cellular models. Image processing for telomere analysis is of increasing interest in many fields, however a lack of standardization can make comparisons and reproducibility an issue. Here we provide a user's guide for quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy of telomeres in interphase cells that covers image acquisition, processing and analysis. Strategies for determining telomere size and number are identified using normal human diploid Hs68 fibroblasts. We demonstrate how to accurately determine telomere number, length, volume, and degree of clustering using quantitative immunofluorescence. Using this workflow, we make the unexpected observation that hTERT-immortalized Hs68 cells with longer telomeres have fewer resolvable telomeres in interphase. Rigorous quantification indicates that this is due to telomeric clustering, leading to systematic underestimation of telomere number and overestimation of telomere size.
A facile one-pot synthesis of polyethyleneimine functionalized graphene for the highly-sensitive and selective electrochemical impedance aptasensing of kanamycin in serum
Authors: Duan Yuqing , Yang Yuting , Wang Jiangxia , Li Huiming , Liu Kunping
Published: December 2019

A facile one-pot synthesis of polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene as well as a highly-sensitive and selective electrochemical impedance aptasensing of kanamycin in serum.
Chemobrionic structures in tissue engineering: self-assembling calcium phosphate tubes as cellular scaffolds
Authors: Hughes Erik A. B. , Chipara Miruna , Hall Thomas J. , Williams Richard L. , Grover Liam M.
Published: December 2019

A diverse range of complex patterns and mineralised hierarchical microstructures can be derived from chemobrionic systems. In this work, we explore chemobrionic calcium phosphate tubes as cellular scaffolds.
Heterogeneous visible-light-induced Meerwein hydration reaction of alkenes in water using mpg-C3N4 as a recyclable photocatalyst
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Xue Linshuang , Hong Mei , Ni Bangqing , Niu Tengfei
Published: December 2019

This work developed a visible-light promoted Meerwein hydration reaction by using mpg-C3N4 as recyclable photocatalyst in aqueous solution.
Nanoparticle-based photothermal heating to drive chemical reactions within a solid: using inhomogeneous polymer degradation to manipulate mechanical properties and segregate carbonaceous by-products
Authors: Huang Honglu , Firestone Gabriel , Fontecha Daniela , Gorga Russell E. , Bochinski Jason R. , Clarke Laura I.
Published: December 2019

Nanoparticle-based photothermal heating degrades polymer from the inside-out, creating pockets of depolymerized material around each nanoscale heating site.
Synthesis of a soluble adenine-functionalized polythiophene through direct arylation polymerization and its fluorescence responsive behavior
Authors: Sabury Sina , Collier Graham S. , Ericson M. Nance , Kilbey S. Michael
Published: December 2019

An adenine-functionalized polythiophene is synthesized via direct arylation polymerization using Boc-protection to overcome catalyst deactivation. The resulting copolymer is highly soluble and shows reversible fluorescence quenching.
Chemical stimulus-responsive supramolecular hydrogel formation and shrinkage of a hydrazone-containing short peptide derivative
Authors: Sugiura Takumi , Kanada Takurou , Mori Daisuke , Sakai Hiroyuki , Shibata Aya , Kitamura Yoshiaki , Ikeda Masato
Published: December 2019

Herein, we describe a short peptide derivative containing a hydrazone bond showing transient hydrogel formation triggered by hydrazone–oxime exchange reaction.
Single-photon-driven up-/down-conversion nanohybrids for in vivo mercury detection and real-time tracking
Authors: Seo Sung Eun , Park Chul Soon , Park Seon Joo , Kim Kyung Ho , Lee Jiyeon , Kim Jinyeong , Lee Sang Hun , Song Hyun Seok , Ha Tai Hwan , Kim Jae-Hyuk , Yim Hee Won , Kim Hyoung-il , Kwon Oh Seok
Published: December 2019

We provided a facile and innovative methodology to detect hazardous molecules using single-photon-driven up-/down-conversion (UC/DC) nanohybrids.
Sensitivity and stability analysis of power system frequency response considering demand response and virtual inertia
Authors: Saeed Uz Zaman Muhammad , Bukhari Syed Basit Ali , Haider Raza , Khan Muhammad Omer , Baloch Shazia , Kim Chul‐Hwan
Published: December 2019

In the modern power systems, controllable loads are integrated through demand response (DR) programs and energy storage systems are exploited to provide virtual inertia (VI) with the help of power converters. The effectiveness of DR and VI in improving the power system's performance is well‐addressed in the literature, however, their impact on the power system's stability is not well‐documented. In this work, a novel analytical model is developed for sensitivity and stability analysis of power system frequency response with respect to important system parameters considering DR and VI. The developed model considers the individual and combined role of DR and VI control loops in the power system. The model is validated through extensive simulations on different systems with slow and fast dynamics. It is shown that, despite providing better frequency response, the introduction of DR and VI control loops can sometimes deteriorate the stability margins of the power system. The findings of this study call for careful calculations during the process of integrating DR and VI controls to the conventional power system.
Research on acquisition and recognition of Naxi speaker's speech information
Authors: Wu Guoxin , Xu Xiaoli , Wang Shanghong , Jia Xu
Published: December 2019

The human–machine dialogue system allows people and the machine to communicate basically. This technology is also attracting more and more attention. It is conducive to the realisation of resource sharing, inheritance, and protection of Dongba culture worldwide to analyse the Naxi speech recognition for the protection and inheritance needs of Naxi Dongba culture. The model was established for Naxi speaker recognition, and the method is studied with text‐independent speaker speech voice recognition. The practical analysis method was used to compare the application effect of Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and hidden Markov model (HMM) in the processing of speaker recognition in Naxi speaker's pronunciation. It is very useful to provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a Naxi language‐based human–computer interaction system to find out the speaker's voice characteristics, personality differences, and different regions. This is a theoretically necessary analysis of ethnic minority languages and the protection of ethnic and folk cultures. It can also provide practical significance for carrying out ethnic cultural differences analysis.
Application of EMD and 1.5‐dimensional spectrum in fault feature extraction of rolling bearing
Authors: Jiang Zhanglei , Wu Yapeng , Li Jun , Liu Yaru , Wang Jifang , Xu Xiaoli
Published: December 2019

The original signal of rolling bearing fault contains a large number of phase coupling components and is easily submerged in the background noise, which make the fault information difficult to be extracted accurately. Aiming at the above problems, a method of fault feature extraction for rolling bearing is proposed, which combines empirical mode decomposition (EMD) with a 1.5‐dimensional spectrum. The original signal is decomposed by EMD to obtain the intrinsic modal function (IMF) of different scales. The IMF is selected by the size of a correlation coefficient and a kurtosis value to eliminate the high‐frequency components, which is reconstructed to achieve the purpose of noise reduction. The reconstructed Hilbert envelope signal is analysed by the 1.5‐dimensional spectrum to extract the nonlinear characteristic of two phase couplings, so that the fault characteristic frequency of the bearing is obtained. By analysing the signal of actual rolling bearings, the fault characteristic frequency of bearing inner and outer rings can be effectively extracted, and the validity and feasibility of the method are proved.
Simulation for rubber friction on self‐affine surface based on energy method
Authors: Zhou Fuqiang , Wang Shaohong , Wei Yintao
Published: December 2019

Here, the authors propose an energy method to obtain the friction coefficient of a rubber block sliding on self‐affine substrates via simulation. Due to the multi‐scale property, the rough surfaces are modelled with four harmonic rigid frictionless roads. As the rubber block is a viscoelastic solid, energy dissipation in the contact area results in friction. The authors propose a new simulation method to obtain friction coefficient through energy dissipation. With different loads and sliding velocities, the change law of friction coefficient is calculated. The authors design a test instrument to verify the friction coefficients of rubber on some certain surface. The findings of this research constitute a theoretical basis for safe tire design and tire grip improvements.
An image of the dust sublimation region in the nucleus of NGC 1068
Authors:   GRAVITY Collaboration, Pfuhl O. , Davies R. , Dexter J. , Netzer H. , Hönig S. , Lutz D. , Schartmann M. , Sturm E. , Amorim A. , Brandner W. , Clénet Y. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Eckart A. , Eisenhauer F. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Gao F. , Garcia P. J. V. , Genzel R. , Gillessen S. , Gratadour D. , Kishimoto M. , Lacour S. , Millour F. , Ott T. , Paumard T. , Perraut K. , Perrin G. , Peterson B. M. , Petrucci P. O. , Prieto M. A. , Rouan D. , Shangguan J. , Shimizu T. , Sternberg A. , Straub O. , Straubmeier C. , Tacconi L. J. , Tristram K. R. W. , Vermot P. , Waisberg I. , Widmann F. , Woillez J.
Published: December 2019

We present near-infrared interferometric data on the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068, obtained with the GRAVITY instrument on the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope Interferometer. The extensive baseline coverage from 5 to 60 Mλ allowed us to reconstruct a continuum image of the nucleus with an unrivaled 0.2 pc resolution in the K-band. We find a thin ring-like structure of emission with a radius r = 0.24 ± 0.03 pc, inclination i = 70 ± 5°, position angle PA = −50 ± 4°, and h/r <  0.14, which we associate with the dust sublimation region. The observed morphology is inconsistent with the expected signatures of a geometrically and optically thick torus. Instead, the infrared emission shows a striking resemblance to the 22 GHz maser disc, which suggests they share a common region of origin. The near-infrared spectral energy distribution indicates a bolometric luminosity of (0.4–4.7) × 1045 erg s−1, behind a large AK ≈ 5.5 (AV ≈ 90) screen of extinction that also appears to contribute significantly to obscuring the broad line region.
Procedures for risk analysis and management in tunnelling projects
Authors: Zafirovski Zlatko , Gacevski Vasko , Lazarevska Marijna , Ognjenovic Slobodan
Published: December 2019

The concept of risk analysis and management has a big impact and application in various branches of society. Today in civil engineering, especially in infrastructure projects this concept represents a serious matter that should not be avoided or delayed. There are different approaches and definitions for a risk, but it is important every problem to be reviewed separately. In tunneling the uncertainties and risks are always present, so appropriate measures and management should be considered and implemented.
Composition of organic matter in peat soils of the northern trans-Urals depending on groundwater level
Authors: Iglovikov Anatoly , Motorin Alexander
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the results of lysometric studies of the composition of organic matter of peat soils depending on the level of groundwater occurrence. It is established that the amount of bitumen in the arable layer (0.2 m) of medium-power peat soil at 0.5 m ground water level (UGV) is less by 1.65 % than at the depth of 1.0 m and by 4.34 % at 1.5 m. There is no specific dependence on the UHW downstream of the soil profile. The increase of groundwater depth from 0.5 to 1.5 m reduces the amount of water-soluble and easily hydrolyzed substances in the arable layer at 100 °C from 5.68 to 4.48 %. At the groundwater level of 0.5 m, the maximum presence (34.25 %) of substances hydrolysable by 2 % HCl was determined, which is 3.4–3.8 % higher than at 1–1.5 m. The maximum amount of humic acids in peat soil (32.05 %) is set at 0.5 m CKD. In the arable layer, the excess is 4.5 % in comparison with one and a half meters of groundwater. The amount of fulvic acids practically does not depend on the groundwater table and is within the range of 17.7–17.9 %. With the same botanical composition of peat, the increase in the depth of groundwater occurrence from 0.5 to 1.5 m reduces the content of hard-tohydrolyze 80 % of H2SO4 substances in the arable layer from 2.82 to 2.31 %. The number of compounds difficult to hydrolyze with acid is represented by 46–52 % cellulose and does not depend on the level of groundwater. The presence of lignin in peat is several times higher than the cellulose content. There is a dependence of decrease in the lignin content at increase in depth of occurrence of ground waters from 0.5 m (6.63 %) to 1.5 m (5.23 %).
Identification of organic pollutants of water in sources of water supply (on the example of the astrakhan region)
Authors: Boronina Liudmila , Sokolsky Arkadiy , Fesenko Lev
Published: December 2019

In today’s diverse world, one of the most urgent tasks is environmental protection, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, conservation of biological diversity. The problem of clean water is one of the most important places in the solution of this problem because surface waters are the most sensitive natural environment link. Without careful monitoring of the state indicated by the latter, it is impossible to prevent the occurrence of adverse environmental situations, maintain the health of the nation and ensure the quality of life. Based on the results of the analysis of indicators of the quality of the water source, the required volumes of water for the consumer and the requirements of the consumer for the produced water, a decision is made on the technology for purifying the required water. Special climatic conditions (sharply continental climate, high summer temperatures, low water levels, etc.) negatively affect the quality indicators of the water source. The article presents the results of a study of surface water by microbiological indicators and phytoplankton. Water was investigated in the area of the channel-type surface water intake structure located in the Astrakhan region on the Volga. It is revealed that the river belongs to the category of dirty. Moreover, there is a positive trend in the development of this process. Applied water treatment technologies are not able to fulfill the tasks to ensure a safe drinking regime. It is known that chlorination of water during water treatment does not affect the removal of metabolites secreted by massively developing species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). The authors made recommendations for improving water treatment facilities.
Assessment of the ecological state of the surface waters of the Nikitinsky fish passage channel during dredging work
Authors: Strelkov Sergey , Boronina Ludmila , Sorokin Andrey , Kondrashin Kirill , Petrov Roman
Published: December 2019

Fish passage channels along the main delta watercourses serve for upstream spawning of fish and stingrays of young and adult fish back to sea, thereby preserving and multiplying the biodiversity of the ecosystems of the Caspian basin. The flickering sections of the canal-fish passage require periodic dredging. When analyzing the ecological and geochemical situation of the territory, one of the most informative objects of research is surface water. Accumulating pollutants coming from watersheds over a long period of time, soils are an indicator of the ecological condition of the territory, a kind of integral indicator of the level of pollution. As part of the study, an assessment was made of the ecotoxicological state of the surface waters of the fish passage channel during dredging in the Volga delta, the environmental toxicological status of the coastal zone of the canal was analyzed according to accepted standards, possible adverse environmental changes were predicted, and proposals were developed for a program of production ecological monitoring the nature of changes in surface water quality as a major component of the ecosystem.
Features of the integrated development of the territory of the settlement
Authors: Merkuryeva Kristina , Kryakhtunov Alexander
Published: December 2019

Since the city is a historically developed complex system, the development of its territory in the existing buildings requires a detailed study and consideration of all the features of the territories within the boundaries of the element of the planning structure (quarter, microdistrict) or its parts. Urban planning activity in the city is carried out in accordance with the developed and approved urban planning documentation. In the process of exercising the authority by the municipality in the field of urban development, when changing strategic directions, setting new tasks, and changing the economic situation, it becomes necessary to amend the urban planning documentation. The presence of a set of documents of territorial planning and urban planning zoning allows to increase the investment attractiveness of the city territory, ensures transparency of adopted urban planning decisions, on the basis of which, any interested person can choose the direction of development of a particular territory. Therefore, the development of the urban environment should be carried out in a comprehensive manner, taking into account all areas of development and features of the territory and take into account the changes arising in the process of urban planning, including in urban planning documentation.
Application of asymmetric current for electrocoagulation treatment of oil-containing waste water
Authors: Khalturina Tamara , Churbakova Olga , Skolubovich Yuri , Voitov Evgeniy , Balchugov Denis
Published: December 2019

The goal of the work was to study the electrocoagulation of oily wastewater using an asymmetric current and to determine the composition of the resulting sludge for disposal. The planning of the experiment according to Box-Hunter method was given and mathematical models - regression equations of the electrocoagulation process of oily wastewater using an asymmetric current were obtained. Optimization was performed by the dissociative-step method due to the regression equations. The structure and composition of sludge obtained under optimal electrocoagulation conditions using asymmetric current for the disposal of sludge in the arbolite mixtures production were studied. The results of experimental studies can be used to develop low-waste efficient, energy-saving technologies for wastewater treatment and waste management.
Calculation of radial inhomogeneity cylindrical shell when exposed to high temperatures by numerical-analytical method and fem
Authors: Andreev Vladimir , Polyakova Lyudmila
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the work is to compare two calculation methods using the example of solving the axisymmetric thermoelasticity problem. The calculation of a thick-walled cylindrical three-layer shell on the temperature effect was carried out by the numerical-analytical method and the finite element method implemented in the LIRA-CAD software package. In the calculation, a piecewise linear inhomogeneity of the shell due to its three-layer structure and continuous inhomogeneity caused by the influence of a stationary temperature field is taken into account. The numerical-analytical method of calculation involves the derivation of a resolving differential equation, which is solved by the sweep method, it is possible to take into account the nonlinear nature of the deformation of the material using the method of successive approximations. To solve this problem by the finite element method, a similar computational model of the shell was constructed in the LIRA-CAD software package. The solution of the problem of thermoelasticity for an infinite cylinder (under conditions of a plane deformed state) and for a cylinder of finite length with free ends is given. Comparison of the calculation results is carried out according to the obtained values of ring stresses.
Assessment of interannual and intra-annual atmospheric dispersion variability parameters in the Belorussian NPP siting area
Authors: Bryukhan Fedor
Published: December 2019

Identification of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) radionuclide dispersion conditions, which are characterized by ABL dispersion parameters, plays an important role in evaluating the radiation safety of nuclear power plants (NPPs) and establishing engineering protection thereof. Therefore, the ABL status monitoring observations are launched at the stage of in-situ NPP construction. When analyzing and predicting radiation situation in the NPP vicinity areas, it is of great importance to determine the parameters of atmospheric dispersion variability with time. The ABL status monitoring at the Belorussian NPP site has been carried out since September 2014 by means of acoustic and radio-acoustic sounding of the ABL. The present study is aimed at assessing interannual and intra-annual variability of atmospheric dispersion parameters in the Belorussian NPP siting area on the basis of the monitoring data. The relative interannual stability of the main average annual atmospheric dispersion characteristics (vertical temperature gradient, wind speed and direction) over the observation period has been revealed. At the same time, the average seasonal values of the dispersion parameters are characterized by significant fluctuations thereof during the annual course. The prospects of the ABL status monitoring for other potentially hazardous industrial facilities, such as thermal power plants and chemical plants, are also noted.
Analysis of escalator tunnels deformations, when exposed to soils freezing
Authors: Mukminova Diana , Volohov Evgeny
Published: December 2019

The presented work studies deformation processes of escalator tunnels support lining constructed by means of soils freezing in difficult engineering and geological conditions. The features of construction technology are considered. The features of the freezing effects during the active, passive stage of freezing and during the natural thawing of soils are considered. The data of the long-term arch support monitoring, as well as the earth’s surface is presented. The non-standard nature of geomechanical processes, in particular the support lifting during the construction of the escalator tunnel is revealed. Methods of mathematical statistics and error theory were used to process and analyze data of field observations at surface and array displacements and deformations. According to survey observations on a few escalator tunnels in Saint-Petersburg underground the correlation form shown is increased in horizontal diameter of the rings and reduce the vertical dependence of the sedimentation casing from subsidence of the earth’s surface. The data also reveals that with increasing development depth, despite the increase in vertical load, the deformation of the lining is reduced, which is associated with physical and mechanical properties of the array.
Risk assessment of the potential ecological and geochemical hazard of the functioning of mining complexes
Authors: Krinochkina Olga
Published: December 2019

The aim of this work is to present a methodology for assessing the potential ecological and geochemical hazard of environmental pollution during the creation of new and functioning of existing mining complexes using the example of studying representative objects. The objects were selected according to the principle of the most saturated deposits, which serve as the core of mining complexes, toxic elements and the scale of mineralization, i.e. reserves of the deposits themselves. The methodology for assessing potential ecological and geochemical hazards is based on the following three principles: hierarchical approach; significance of the assessments; objectivity of information. The first involves the comparison of proportionate units, because the calculation of risk is carried out in points. The significance of the assessments was achieved by using those factors that can have a significant impact on the environment during the development of the deposit and determine the degree of sustainability of the natural environment when exploration territories. The objectivity of information was achieved by using the necessary and sufficient number of factors for assessing the risk of exploration and development of deposits and a significant amount of data obtained from the results of ecological and geochemical work with appropriate metrological support and laboratory analytical studies only in accredited centers. The methodology involves taking into account the totality of natural and technogenic environmental impact factors when developing solid mineral deposits, ranking them by importance and actually their integral assessment. As a result of the study of a large number of mining objects, according to our own and published data, by the method of expert assessments, the main factors of the influence of the developed deposits on the environment located in various natural conditions were established. Among these factors, 4 groups are distinguished: mineralogenic, landscape, hydrogeological and technogenic.
Microbiological characteristics of municipal solid waste in St. Petersburg
Authors: Kozlov Grigorii , Pushkarev Mikhail
Published: December 2019

The article provides information about fluctuations in the microbiological composition of waste from the city of St. Petersburg (Russia) and microbiological air pollution at the facilities for the collection and processing of solid waste. It has been shown that the collection sites do not significantly affect the microbiological pollution of atmospheric air. Large MSW landfills have a significant impact on air pollution by microorganisms. Although the effect of plants for mechanized biological processing of MSW on the microbial number of atmospheric air is observed, it cannot be considered statistically significant.
Operating modes of electric energy storage systems on the Moscow Central Ring
Authors: Nezevak Vladislav , Cheremisin Vasily , Shatokhin Alexander
Published: December 2019

Improving the performance of electric traction systems is associated with the use of new technologies, the introduction of which is preceded by an assessment of the technical efficiency of their work. Nowadays, electric energy storage systems in Russia have not found application in electric traction systems, but questions are being actively developed on advisability and possibility of their use. And electric traction load of electric traction system of the Moscow Central Ring is not an exception, which forms in the conditions of domination on the area of passenger traffic and frequent electric tractions stops. Electric energy of high level of return of electric trains was formed on the site. Obtaining the technical result of assessing the use of energy storage systems of electric energy is most expedient to perform on the basis of simulation modeling of the interaction of electric rolling stock and electric traction system in the conditions of the Moscow Central Ring. Modeling results allow receiving the main characteristics of storage units and voltage load graph, determining the duration of work episodes in charge and discharge modes, their number and appropriate total volumes of electric energy per day. The received results allow assessing requirements to the technical characteristics of storage systems in relation to work conditions in the electric traction system of the Moscow Central Ring and performing assessment of economic efficiency of this activity.
Changes in the activity of adenosine deaminase and the content of polyamines in the blood of cats with breast cancer
Authors: Vakulenko Maya , Akinina Natalya , Dobaeva Natalya , Bakurova Elena , Ermakov Alexey
Published: December 2019

In this work, the clinical significance of changes in the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and the content of polyamines in the blood plasma of cats with breast cancer was studied. There were examined 30 cats aged 1 to 20 years, operated on in veterinary clinics due to spontaneous neoplasms. Histological studies of surgical material were performed to establish nosological forms of the tumor. The results of the measurements showed that there were no significant differences between ADA activity in the blood plasma of cats diagnosed with invasive nonspecific carcinoma and ADA activity in the blood of healthy animals. In the plasma of animals diagnosed with fibroadenomatous breast hyperplasia, ADA activity was reduced by 35% compared with the control group. The content of putrescine in the red blood cells of cats with benign neoplasms of the mammary gland (fibroepithelial hyperplasia) was statistically significantly increased 5 times compared with the control group. In malignant neoplasms of the mammary gland (invasive non-specific carcinoma, tubular cancer and fibrosarcoma), the content of putrescine and spermine in the blood significantly exceeded the control values by 60 and 10 times, respectively, compared with the control group. Thus, the data obtained indicate the possibility of using polyamines in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment of cats with breast cancer. The determination of ADA activity in the blood plasma of cats with breast tumors in the early stages of cancer is not an informationally significant indicator as a tumor biomarker.
Internet technologies in modern concept of English teaching (general and translation theory)
Authors: Akay Oksana , Tsarevskaia Irina , Shcherbakova Irina , Krivtsova Natalia
Published: December 2019

The problems of teaching a foreign language to students of non-linguistic higher educational institutions have changed radically. Besides the professional qualification, an expert has to possess the skills of free language proficiency as the means of business communication within the professional activity. Relevance of new information technologies’ use is dictated by the pedagogical needs for increasing the efficiency of the training developing, in particular, the need of the following skills’ formation: independent educational activity, research, creative approach for training, formations of critical thinking, new culture. The new information technologies in teaching a foreign language use is caused not only by aspiration to novelty, but by training at the info communication technologies base, which allows to realize a personally focused approach to the identity a student as the main conceptual direction of the 21stcentury formation.
Computer modeling of the process of depth of soil treatment
Authors: Altybayev Alshyn , Zhanbyrbayev Adilbek , Meskhi Besarion , Rudoy Dmitriy , Olshevskaya Anastasiya , Prohorova Anna
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of creating methodological foundations for research on the processes of machine use in agriculture. The basic approaches and principles of the formation of domain models are outlined, as the output processes of the functioning of the technological system of tillage and depth of cultivation are taken. A mathematical model of the process of depth of soil cultivation is proposed, which allows the implementation of research using modern software and hardware systems through a computer experiment.
Influence of parameters and location of the tumble inlet porton air charging in the diesel cylinder
Authors: Meskhi Besarion , Golev Boris , Efros Victor , Rudoy Dmitriy , Olshevskaya Anastasiya , Zhurba Viktor , Chayka Yevgeniy
Published: December 2019

The calculation of the actual working cycle processes allows to determine with satisfactory accuracy the value of the main parameters of the newly developed engine for any given conditions of its operation, to assess the impact of individual factors on the processes and the performance of the cycle as a whole. Thus establish character of change of pressure and temperature in each process, define the sizes of the engine, and also solve questions of increase of its reliability taking into account the received settlement thermal and dynamic loadings. Pre-intake begins at the time of opening the inlet and ends at the time of arrival of the piston in the TDC. The mixture or air does not enter the cylinder during preheating, as the volume of the cylinder decreases. However, the pre-opening of the intake valve allows you to create a sufficient cross-section to the beginning of the receipt of fresh charge in the cylinder and, therefore, leads to an improvement in the filling of the cylinders. In addition, due to the delay in closing the exhaust valve, the purge of the combustion chamber from residual gases is improved.
Main reasons to modify the ecomonitoring system of Novomoskovsk atmosphere relying on modern modeling methods
Authors: Olga Grinyuk , Olga Aleksashina , Alexander Arkhipov , Catherine Ganesan
Published: December 2019

Novomoskovsk is one of the main centers of chemical industry in central Russia. In 2000 to control and monitor the region air quality and movement the atmosphere ecomonitorin system was created. These systems’ modifying lies in using more sophisticated technology, increasing number of observation stations and automatic sensors that determine harmful impurities. The data adequacy of airspace’s state hinges on the number of these stations and their location. The objective of our study is to estimate the data adequacy relying on modern research methods. The research involved the interpolation method of air movement control over areas which have a mixed landscape because of technology-related accidents. The method consists of 3 main stages: experimental examination of the area’s weather conditions, processing of this data using the method of air flow field recovery, and effective control of the air dynamics at man-made accidents. Air control stations gave the initial measures and current data to develop the method of air flow field recovery on the basis of the noise-resistant interpolation principle. Noise-resistant interpolation admits to errors of measuring instruments, which makes a significant magnitude when estimating meteorological data of the air. The data obtained requires to modify Novomoskovsk ecomonitoring system of the atmosphere.
Indicators of optimal soils conditions for crop growing and preserving soil fertility in Rostov region and North Caucasus under irrigation conditions
Authors: Zhurba Viktor , Gordeeva Nadezhda , Mehantseva Irina , Golubeva Alina , Kabanova Yana , Shapovalenko Kamila , Davydova Milena
Published: December 2019

The tasks of agrotechnical and land-reclamation techniques in creating favorable conditions for the agricultural crops growth are determined. Maintaining high soil fertility and good land-reclamation. Soil fertility model with optimal indicators providing a combined expanded reproduction of soil fertility is proposed. Main indicators of potential soil fertility are considered. Indicators and properties of soils are captured, the relationship between plant productivity and soils quality is made. The adverse soil properties of the North Caucasus that include alkalescency and alkalinity are determined. Complex of agrotechnical and land-reclamation techniques for improving adverse soils is proposed.
Evolution of universities in innovation digitalizing economy
Authors: Kazakova Nina , Slavnetskova Lyudmila , Kulikova Maria , Serdiukova Larisa
Published: December 2019

The study aims to analyze the transformation of universities into the innovation actors and their role in the national innovation system development. We described the concepts of university role in modern society.
Study of the physicochemical properties of exosome dispersions obtained by ultrafiltration
Authors: Kastarnova Elena , Orobets Vladimir , Shakhova Valeria , Sevostyanova Olga , Kizilova Natalya
Published: December 2019

The article presents the results of studying the physicochemical properties of exosome preparations obtained by ultrafiltration, which indicate a high degree of the composition and properties dependence of the obtained product on the material of the filters used. Quantitative determination of proteins and nucleic acids in exosome samples using UPN-50 filters allows us to conclude that the content of the main impurity compounds in the preparation is significantly reduced compared to dispersions obtained using filters with pore sizes of 220 and 450 nm. Analysis of flow cytometry data made it possible to demonstrate that when using the UPN-50 filter, an increase in the contribution to the dispersion of all types of fractions of non-exosomal size was observed, the appearance of which can result from fraction destruction associated with pore size or filter material properties. drying of the dispersion was observed in the studied exosome samples. Fraction sizes ranged from 40 to 450 nm (an average of about 200 nm). Exosomes from the entire variety of membrane vesicles are fractions that have the most suitable characteristics that allow them to be used as a nanoscale drug delivery vehicle while ensuring the necessary quality control of the drug at the sample preparation stage.