bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of age-dependent gene-expression in human tissues for studying diabetes comorbidities
Authors: Guzzi Pietro Hiram , Cortese Francesca , Mannino Gaia Chiara , Pedace Elisabetta , Succurro Elena , Andreozzi Francesco , Veltri Pierangelo
Published: June 2023

The study of the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disease and other pathologies (comorbidities), together with patient age variation, poses a challenge for medical research. There is evidence that patients affected by T2DM are more likely to develop comorbidities as they grow older. Variation of gene expression can be correlated to changes in T2DM comorbidities insurgence and progression. Understanding gene expression changes requires the analysis of large heterogeneous data at different scales as well as the integration of different data sources into network medicine models. Hence, we designed a framework to shed light on uncertainties related to age effects and comorbidity by integrating existing data sources with novel algorithms. The framework is based on integrating and analysing existing data sources under the hypothesis that changes in the basal expression of genes may be responsible for the higher prevalence of comorbidities in older patients. Using the proposed framework, we selected genes related to comorbidities from existing databases, and then analysed their expression with age at the tissues level. We found a set of genes that changes significantly in certain specific tissues over time. We also reconstructed the associated protein interaction networks and the related pathways for each tissue. Using this mechanistic framework, we detected interesting pathways related to T2DM whose genes change their expression with age. We also found many pathways related to insulin regulation and brain activities, which can be used to develop specific therapies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that analyses such genes at the tissue level together with age variations.
Ultrafast enhancement of electron-phonon coupling via dynamic quantum well states
Authors: Ciocys Samuel T. , Lanzara Alessandra
Published: June 2023

The density of states at the Fermi surface controls many material properties by influencing the low-energy interactions of conductive electrons. Typically, external tuning knobs generate only small perturbations to the density of states in crystals, since their band structure depends strongly on the lattice potential. In contrast, quantum well states are contingent on a localized potential extrinsic to the crystal lattice and can be easily modified leading to changes in the density of states at the Fermi level. Here, we are able to control the quantum well potential on the surface of Bi2Se3 with light, driving a density of states singularity below EF at ultrafast timescales, thereby triggering a reversible Lifshitz transition. We reveal a substantial ultrafast enhancement of the electron-phonon coupling with repercussions on the relaxation dynamics in the system. We argue that the relaxation dynamics are governed largely by the interplay of the dynamic density of states of the quantum wells with c-axis scattering from the $${A}_{{{{{{{{\rm{1g}}}}}}}}}^{2}$$

A

1g

2

optical phonon mode. These results demonstrate a powerful way to enhance electron-boson interaction on ultrafast timescales providing new avenues for controlling material properties and driving novel quantum phases of matter.
Nanoemulsions and Emulsions
Authors: Zheng H. , Rao J.
Published: June 2023

Emulsions have wide applications in the food industry, and nanoemulsions, which have a smaller size and exhibit prominent physicochemical properties, have also attracted much attention and gained increasing use in various food sections. Emulsions and nanoemulsions are thermodynamically unstable systems, and it is, therefore, critical to select appropriate components, suitable processing methods, and optimized parameters to maximize their applications, such as delivery vehicles for bioactive compounds. In this chapter, the molecular characteristics, structure, preparation, stability, and applications of nanoemulsions and emulsions are presented to provide the fundamental yet thorough information for the reader.
Organogels
Authors: Ozel B.
Published: June 2023

The majority of nutraceutical compounds have very limited solubility in aqueous solvents. So it is necessary to design systems in order to encapsulate lipophilic nutraceutical compounds. Organogels offer a great potential for the encapsulation of such compounds. Organogels are also able to deliver nutraceuticals to food systems or directly to the human gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, organogel systems protect the encapsulated compounds from oxidation and degradation so that these compounds could maintain their nutritional values. Incorporation of liquid oil containing organogels into food matrices is a practical method to replace the saturated fat content of many food products. Additionally, design of physiologically responsive organogels for the controlled release of nutraceuticals in the human gastrointestinal system is also gaining interest. Another focus in the field is to increase the number of safe and food grade gelators for the production of new and functional organogels. Minimizing the negative effects of organogel production processes is also an important point of interest. This chapter refers to the molecular-physicochemical properties and formation methods of organogels. The applicable range and the positive and negative aspects of various organogel systems have also been presented.
Highly Branched Cyclic Glucan-based Systems
Authors: Miao Ming , Sun Yujing , Chen Chen , Chen Long
Published: June 2023

Highly branched cyclic glucan (HBCG) or cyclic amylopectin (CA) is a new type of dextrin that is produced from amylopectin via cyclization reaction of a branching enzyme. HBCG is a white odourless powder in which the structural units consist of α-d-glucose monomers. HBCG is made of at least 80% highly-branched cyclic dextrin molecules, which are characterized by a molecular weight ranging from 30 000 to 1 000 000 and a weight-average degree of polymerization of 2500 glucose units. The dextrose equivalent (DE) value of HBCG, a measure of the reducing power (d-glucose), is <5 (the DE value of dextrose is 100). The short linear chains of HBCG are composed of α-(1 → 4)-linked glucose units with branching occurring via α-(1 → 6) glucosidic bonds, while the ring structure (or cyclic α-glucan moiety) is formed by an α-(1 → 6) linkage between the terminal glucose of a free chain and a non-terminal glucose in another chain and is composed of 16 to 100 α-linked glucose units. HBCG also contains less than 3.5% of single glucose molecules, and approximately 10% of other saccharide molecules that are either smaller or larger than HBCG.
Self-assembled Nanoparticle-based Systems
Authors: Liu Fuguo , Liang Xiuping , Li Xueqi , Jiang Zhaowei
Published: June 2023

Self-assembled nanoparticles are promising carriers for food delivery applications due to their large specific surface area, good dispersibility, biocompatibility, bioavailability, high cell absorption rates and environmental friendliness. This chapter summarizes the latest information on self-assembled nanoparticles, including composition and structures, physicochemical properties, and preparation and modification methods. Besides, this chapter also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of self-assembled nanoparticles and their applications in the delivery of active substances. Self-assembled nanoparticle systems can be endowed with different functional properties by controlling their physicochemical properties, and then used to deliver different lipophilic nutrients. The functional properties of nanoparticles can be optimized by various preparation methods and non-covalent and covalent modifications. Future research may focus on the design of nanoparticles loaded with functional ingredients in a multidisciplinary manner to achieve co-encapsulation, co-protection and precise targeted delivery. Through technical analysis at the cellular and molecular levels, the delivery mechanism and the site of action of nanoparticles in the human body will be evaluated in depth.
Cellulose processing in ionic liquids from a materials science perspective: turning a versatile biopolymer into the cornerstone of our sustainable future
Authors: Szabó László , Milotskyi Romain , Sharma Gyanendra , Takahashi Kenji
Published: June 2023

The past two decades have seen fruitful efforts in shaping cellulose into functional materials using ionic liquids. This Tutorial Review aims at providing guidance from a materials science perspective to stimulate more research in this field.
Reactive phenolic solvents applied to the synthesis of renewable aromatic polyesters with high isosorbide content
Authors: Bottega Pergher Bruno , Girigan Narcisa , Vlasblom Sietse , Weinland Daniel H. , Wang Bing , van Putten Robert-Jan , Gruter Gert-Jan M.
Published: June 2023

Reactive phenolic solvents like p-cresol can be used to produce high MW polyesters (30–40 kDa) with high isosorbide content (50%). Aromatic polyesters like PICT can be made within very short polycondensation times (1–2 h).
Separation of tamsulosin enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis with tandem mass spectrometry and online stacking preconcentration
Authors: Polášek Radim , Konderlová Klára , Petr Jan
Published: June 2023

A new method for the separation of tamsulosin enantiomers was developed using capillary electrophoresis with tandem mass spectrometry. A limit of detection of 1.6 nmol L−1was achieved in the acidic electrolyte containing sulfated β-cyclodextrin.
Bacteria-targeted photothermal therapy for combating drug-resistant bacterial infections
Authors: Wei Hongxin , Yang Liu , Pang Chuming , Lian Liqin , Hong Liangzhi
Published: June 2023

A two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene-based nanobactericide exhibits superior antibacterial activity and high cytocompatibility due to its ability to target bacteria through the immobilized bacterial recognition peptide CAEKA.
Gold catalyzed hydrofluorination of propargyl alcohols promoted by fluorine-hydrogen bonding
Authors: Yang Hui , Wang Shaowen , Wang Jie , Xu Xiangsheng , Li Xiaoqing
Published: June 2023

A straightforward protocol for the synthesis of 3-fluoroallyl alcoholsviafluorine-hydrogen bonding promoted gold catalyzed hydrofluorination using Et3N·3HF under acidic additive-free conditions has been developed.
Revealing the reinforcing effect of a nanorod network on a polymer matrix through molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Li Xiu , Huang Ben , Liu Jun , Hu Xiaoxi , Zheng Zi-Jian
Published: June 2023

Polymer nanocomposites with strong nanorod–nanorod interactions exhibited more homogenous deformation behavior by transferring stress along the self-assembled 3D nanorod network.
Effect of oxidation on POPC lipid bilayers: anionic carboxyl group plays a major role
Authors: Bagheri Behnaz , Boonnoy Phansiri , Wong-ekkabut Jirasak , Karttunen Mikko
Published: June 2023

Molecular dynamics simulations of POPC bilayer containing two oxidized products; PazePC and PoxnoPC.
MIL-125(Ti)@ZIF-67-derived MIL-125(Ti)@TiO2 hollow nanodiscs decorated with Co3S4 for remarkable photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Zhang Qiuyu , Chen Yajie , Yu Xinyan , Yin Yuejia , Ru Yaxin , Tian Guohui
Published: June 2023

MIL-125(Ti)@TiO2 hollow nanodiscs decorated with Co3S4 nanoparticles were prepared and exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity toward CO2 conversion.
Correction: Heat-treated foxtail millet protein delayed the development of pre-diabetes to diabetes in mice by altering gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles
Authors: Wang Han , Shen Qun , Zhang Fan , Fu Yongxia , Zhu Yiqing , Zhao Liangxing , Wang Chao , Zhao Qingyu
Published: June 2023

Correction for ‘Heat-treated foxtail millet protein delayed the development of pre-diabetes to diabetes in mice by altering gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles’ by Han Wang et al., Food Funct., 2023, 14, 4866–4880, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO00294B.
Copper iodide microhexagons: a potential therapeutic agent for surface microbial infection and melanoma
Authors: Pogu Sunil Venkanna , Yadav Dokkari Nagalaxmi , Sankaranarayanan Sri Amruthaa , Srivastava Rupali , Thatikonda Shashidhar , Rengan Aravind Kumar
Published: June 2023

Red fluorescent copper iodide microhexagons a new therapeutic agent for surface microbial infections and melanoma.
Natural-based coagulants/flocculants as sustainable market-valued products for industrial wastewater treatment: a review of recent developments
Authors: Badawi Ahmad K. , Salama Reda S. , Mostafa Mohamed Mokhtar M.
Published: June 2023

Practical implementation of large-scale treatment systems based on natural materials. MN-C/Fs are effective for treating industrial effluents and reprocessing spent materials sustainably.
Designing a green-emitting viscosity-sensitive 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) probe for plasma membrane viscosity imaging
Authors: Polita Artūras , Stancikaitė Milda , Žvirblis Rokas , Maleckaitė Karolina , Dodonova-Vaitkūnienė Jelena , Tumkevičius Sigitas , Shivabalan Arun Prabha , Valinčius Gintaras
Published: June 2023

Plasma membrane selective BODIPY viscosity probe for imaging liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases in lipid bilayers.
The role of free volume, hydrogen bonds, and crosslinks on physical aging in polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs)
Authors: Joo Taigyu , Mizrahi Rodriguez Katherine , Lee Hyunhee , Acharya Durga , Doherty Cara M. , Smith Zachary P.
Published: June 2023

Physical aging rates strongly correlate with the initial free volume of microporous polymers. Introducing hydrogen bonds and crosslinks can reduce the initial free volume and significantly impact gas separation selectivity over time.
Multicellular spheroids containing synthetic mineral particles: an advanced 3D tumor model system to investigate breast precancer malignancy potential according to the mineral type
Authors: Cohen Amit , Gotnayer Lotem , Gal Sahar , Aranovich Dina , Vidavsky Netta
Published: June 2023

A 3D-engineered tumor model that mimics the microenvironment of mammary ducts and contains synthetic microcalcification analogs with properties that can be rationally designed.
Bifunctional defect mediated direct Z-scheme g-C3N4−x/Bi2O3−yheterostructures with enhanced piezo-photocatalytic properties for efficient tooth whitening and biofilm eradication
Authors: He Jiaxin , Cui Shaoyu , Hou Yanfeng , Liu Shujuan , Zhang Zijian , Zhao Mengjiao , He Liangcan , Wang Ranxu , Liu Shaoqin
Published: June 2023

A new, safe and effective strategy for biofilm eradication and tooth whitening is reported using the piezo-photocatalytic effect of g-C3N4−x/Bi2O3−yheterostructures.
Subgap states in aluminium- and hydrogen-doped zinc-oxide thin-film transistors
Authors: Yoon Minho , Hyun Dongho , Kim Heung-Sik
Published: June 2023

The formation of subgap states in atomic-layer-deposited ZnO films is driven by Al2O3-induced aluminium and hydrogen ion doping.
Stretchable superhydrophobic elastomers with on-demand tunable wettability for droplet manipulation and multi-stage reaction
Authors: Ding Xiaohong , Cai Yunchi , Lu Guofei , Hu Jiapeng , Zhao Jinyun , Zheng Longhui , Weng Zixiang , Cheng Huanyu , Lin Jing , Wu Lixin
Published: June 2023

We report a facile approach to fabricating stretchable superhydrophobic surfaces with different microstructures (arc-shaped or V-shaped air pockets) for multi-stage liquid droplet micro-reactors.
Eu2+:CsCaX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals in glasses for blue light-emitting applications
Authors: Zhang Yudong , Deng Zhao , Li Kai , Ye Ying , Liu Chao
Published: June 2023

Eu2+:CsCaX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals in glass show tunable blue emission, excellent chemical-, thermal- and photo-stability, high photoluminescence quantum yield of 81.9% and external quantum efficiency of 24.6% when excited with a UV LED chip.
Primase-polymerases: how to make a primer from scratch
Authors: Bainbridge Lewis J. , Zabrady Katerina , Doherty Aidan J.
Published: June 2023

To pass on genetic information to the next generation, cells must faithfully replicate their genomes to provide copies for each daughter cell. To synthesise these duplicates, cells employ specialised enzymes called DNA polymerases, which rapidly and accurately replicate nucleic acid polymers. However, most polymerases lack the ability to directly initiate DNA synthesis and required specialised replicases called primases to make short polynucleotide primers, from which they then extend. Replicative primases (eukaryotes and archaea) belong to a functionally diverse enzyme superfamily known as Primase-Polymerases (Prim-Pols), with orthologues present throughout all domains of life. Characterised by a conserved catalytic Prim-Pol domain, these enzymes have evolved various roles in DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, repair, and damage tolerance. Many of these biological roles are fundamentally underpinned by the ability of Prim-Pols to generate primers de novo. This review examines our current understanding of the catalytic mechanisms utilised by Prim-Pols to initiate primer synthesis.
A parameter estimation method with improved finite rate of innovation sampling for linear frequency modulation signals
Authors: Meng Shuo , Meng Chen , Wang Cheng
Published: June 2023

To complete the sparse sampling of linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals and estimate the parameters, the authors proposed an improved finite rate of innovation (FRI) system to achieve the goal. First the authors build a mathematical model based on the Z‐transform, then they input the LFM signal into the modified FRI system and process the output of the system based on this mathematical model, which enables the estimation of the parameters of the LFM signal using only four sampling points. The error of the final experimental results can be controlled within 3%, which greatly improves the efficiency of LFM signal parameter estimation.
A compact directional coupler with high directivity using ferrite cores
Authors: Liu Song‐Lin , Liu Lei
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a wideband directional coupler is proposed for high‐power applications, which is composed of a transformer and lumped elements. The introduction of the transformer greatly improves the directivity of the coupler. The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed design has an excellent return loss (>17 dB), small insertion loss (<0.4 dB), and high directivity (>22) over a wide frequency band (10–350 MHz). Meanwhile, it can achieve a flat coupling level of 32 dB with the imbalance less than 0.5 dB.
High‐order subharmonic injection locking using a rotary topological defect in an oscillator lattice loop
Authors: Hirosawa Shunto , Narahara Koichi
Published: June 2023

This study proposes a scheme for high‐order subharmonic injection locking in a tunnel diode oscillator lattice loop. The loop supports a rotary pulse resulting from mutual synchronization between the component oscillators. A topological defect in the form of a dislocation is observed to rotate within the loop in a direction opposite to that of the background rotary pulse. The defect is mutually synchronized with the rotary pulse. In addition, the defect velocity is considerably slower than that of the pulse. Upon injection locking of the rotary behavior of the defect using an external oscillator, the rotary pulse can also be locked via the same oscillator. This facilitates a high‐order subharmonic injection locking of the oscillating pulse through the intermediation of a topological defect. Herein, the operation principle is described, followed by its experimental validation.
Analysis and design of synchronous‐rectified LLC DC–DC converter for LDC of electric vehicles
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Feng Shuting , Li Chaojie , Yan Zhengchao
Published: June 2023

In electric vehicles (EVs), the low voltage dc‐dc converter (LDC) with synchronous rectifier switches (SRs) can be used to reduce conduction loss caused by the high load current and improve the efficiency. Therefore, it is important to design a proper turn‐on time of SRs. As a popular driving strategy for the SRs, the drain–source voltage across the SRs is sensed to generate the gate driving signal. However, when LLC dc–dc converter operates at O mode, there will be a voltage ringing across the SRs. If the ringing voltage reaches to the threshold voltage −Vth,on, it would make SRs turn‐on early and results in abnormally working of the converter. The novelty and contribution of this paper lie in: (1) elaborating on the voltage ringing across the SRs, (2) the accurate ringing model is established during O mode, and (3) a simple, lossless, and low‐cost filter circuit is used to solve the negative effect of the ringing voltage for LLC converter at high load current. A 1.26 kW experimental prototype with ≈250–430 V wide input voltage and ≈9–16 V wide output voltage is implemented, 96.7% peak efficiency and 96% full load efficiency are achieved with a 3.12 kW/L power density. The theoretical analysis has been validated by the simulated and experimental results, and the SR LLC dc–dc converter with the SR works efficiently and reliably with the proposed solution at a high load current.
A pricing game strategy with virtual prosumer guidance in community grid
Authors: Hu Qihao , Chi Ming , Liu Zhi‐Wei
Published: June 2023

The peer‐to‐peer (P2P) energy trading model is considered to be one of the appropriate models for managing local energy trading in community grids. But free pricing mechanisms can lead to energy wastage and long response times. In order to facilitate the local consumption of renewable energy within the community, this paper proposes a pricing game strategy with virtual prosumer (VP) guidance on a P2P energy market model in community grid. To prevent market disruption caused by free pricing strategies in the P2P market and ensure the overall social benefit of the community, a VP controlled by the community microgrid manager is introduced to regulate the energy trading of the entire community. A novel and efficient prosumer trading model is proposed where the VP changes its pricing strategy to guide other prosumers to achieve Nash equilibrium and improve the internal consumption rate of new energy in the community. The proposed strategy's rationality and effectiveness are verified through case studies.
Radar and communication integrated systems design based on deep neural networks
Authors: Liu Yue , Cao Ning , Mao Minghe , Chen Muchen
Published: June 2023

Due to the spectrum congestion in the future 6G networks and the dramatic increasing requirement for the equipment that can detect and communicate simultaneously, the design of bi‐static radar and communication integrated (RCI) system is receiving more and more attention. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a commonly used waveform in bi‐static RCI system. There are two gaps in current research that need to be filled. First, high peak‐to‐average ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signal is less considered in the conventional bi‐static RCI system due to the difficulty in recovering in the receiver. Second, the target echo estimation depends on the reconstruction of the direct‐path communication (DPC) signal. To overcome these limitations, we firstly propose a deep learning (DL)‐based transceiver design for the bi‐static RCI systems. Specifically, we design a neural network (NN)‐based waveform designer (WDNN) to reduce the PAPR of the transmit waveform, an NN‐based signal separator (SSN) to directly separate the target echo and the DPC signal, and an NN‐based symbol recovery (SRN) to demodulate the symbols. By using the training data and channel realisations, these three networks are jointly trained offline to minimise the PAPR of the transmit waveform, the separation error of the target echo and DPC signals, and the bit error rate. Then, in the online deployment phase, the trained WDNN is used to modify the transmitted waveform, and the trained SSN and SRN are placed at the receiver to separate signal and demodulate symbol. Simulation results show that compared to the conventional method, the proposed scheme not only reduces the PAPR but also improves the estimation of target parameters and communication symbol.
Ultrahigh density defects of Mn3O4 boosting oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhou Yanan , Chai Yongming , Dong Bin
Published: June 2023

Surface defects have a positive effect on the improvement of electrocatalytic performance due to the ability to introduce half-metallicity into selected semiconductors. Herein, we prepare a defect-rich Ni-doped Mn3O4 (Ni-Mn3O4) material by a simple hydrothermal and impregnation method. Ni-Mn3O4 exhibits a unique morphology consisting of ultrathin nanoarrays and nanoflowers embellished at the top, which endows the material with large specific surface area and reactive sites and contributes to enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The obtained Ni-Mn3O4 shows improved OER activity with the overpotential of 290 mV at the current density of 20 mA cm-2. This remarkable OER performance can be attributed to the multi-dimensional interface and ultra-high density defects, leading to the formation of abundant active sites, thereby inducing half-metallicity properties and suitable intermediate adsorption energies. This work is expected to provide reference and guidance for the design and synthesis of high-performance electrocatalysts.
Preparation of MXene and its application and research progress in supercapacitors
Authors: Gao Zhenkui
Published: June 2023

As a new type of two-dimensional nanomaterial, two-dimensional transition metal carbon/nitride (MXene) has attracted much attention because of its high specific surface area, high conductivity and solvability. MXene is often used as a basic material to construct macroscopic composites. In recent years, it has been used to manufacture MXene structural-functional integrated fiber materials and mqd derivatives of MXene, which has a wide application prospect in multifunctional fibers, energy conversion and storage (ECS), sensors, catalysis and lubrication, electromagnetic shielding (EMI), supercapacitors (SCs) and so on. And has achieved some results. In this paper, the international research progress of MXene materials in recent years is reviewed, and its structure, properties and preparation methods are summarized. On this basis, its development in the field of energy storage (such as supercapacitors) is summarized, the shortcomings in this field are pointed out, and the future development trend is prospected.
Key Influencing Factors Research of Domestic and Import Aviation Lubricating Oil Foam Characteristics
Authors: Geng Yuxiong , Wang Xiaoai , Wang Yongtao , Zheng Yitian , Ma Jun
Published: June 2023

The foam characteristics plays a key role towards the application of aviation apparatus, which also affected by several influencing factors. This paper focuses on researching the key factors of the foam characteristics of the domestic and imported aviation lubricating oils, by comparing a certain type of domestic aviation lubricating oil or imported aviation lubricating oil’s foam characteristics at different oxidation temperature or oxidation length by virtue of utilizing aviation lubricating oil oxidation experimental device. The influencing factors that impact foam characteristics were analyzed to provide important theoretic and experimental support.
Robotisch assistierte Proktokolektomie mit Ileumpouch-analer Anastomose bei familiärer adenomatöser Polyposis – eine Videovignette
Authors: Stoffels Burkhard , Vilz Tim , Arensmeyer Jan C. , Feodorovici Philipp , Hueneburg Robert , Kalff Jörg C
Published: June 2023

Das kolorektale Karzinom (KRK) ist eines der häufigsten Malignome, bei dem in den letzten Jahren eine signifikante Zunahme hereditärer Fälle beobachtet werden konnte. Die zweithäufigste
Ursache für ein hereditäres KRK ist die familiäre adenomatöse Polyposis, eine obligate Präkanzerose. Sinnvollster Therapieansatz ist eine prophylaktische laparoskopische Proktokolektomie mit
Ileumpouch-analer Anastomose (IPAA) im jungen Erwachsenenalter. Mit der zunehmenden Etablierung robotischer Verfahren stellt sich die Frage, ob die Vorteile der robotischen Operationen, wie
bspw. vereinfachtes Operieren und bessere Visualisierung in engen Räumen, insbesondere bei der prophylaktischen Proktokolektomie, sinnvoll sein kann. Problematisch ist allerdings die
Notwendigkeit, in allen 4 Quadranten des Abdomens operieren zu müssen, was bei robotischen Eingriffen ein limitierender Faktor sein kann. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es daher, die Machbarkeit der
robotisch assistierten Proktokolektomie mit IPAA zu demonstrieren und Tipps für eine Anwendung in der klinischen Praxis zu geben.
Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen – Unterstützung bei Diabetes und Depression
Authors: Bretschneider Maxi Pia , Schwarz Peter E.H.
Published: June 2023

Stand Mai 2023 ist eine DiGA, welche Patientinnen und Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 oder Typ 2 und Depressionen unterstützt, zugelassen: HelloBetter Diabetes und Depression (endgültige Zulassung 12/2021) 1. Diese wird in diesem Artikel unter die Lupe genommen, die wichtigsten Informationen präsentiert, sowie kleine Einblicke in die Apps gewährt.
Improvements in hepatic steatosis, obesity, and insulin resistance in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after the primary obesity surgery endoluminal 2.0 procedure
Authors: AlKhatry Maryam , Rapaka Babusai , Maselli Daniel B. , Abboud Donna Maria , Brunaldi Vitor O. , Mahmoud Tala , Ghazi Rabih , Abdul Razzak Farah , Gala Khushboo , Joudah Imad , Housen Fedaa , Al Qadi Sana , Vargas Eric J. , Storm Andrew C. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K.
Published: June 2023

Background The primary obesity surgery endoluminal 2.0 (POSE 2.0) procedure involves full-thickness gastric body plications to narrow the stomach using durable suture anchor pairs. We evaluated POSE 2.0 as a treatment strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with obesity.

Methods Adults with obesity and NAFLD were prospectively allocated based on their preference to undergo POSE 2.0 with lifestyle modification or lifestyle modification alone (control). Primary end points were improvement in controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and resolution of hepatic steatosis at 12 months. Secondary end points included %total body weight loss (%TBWL), change in serum measures of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, and procedure safety.

Results 42 adult patients were included (20 in the POSE 2.0 arm and 22 in the control arm). At 12 months, POSE 2.0 significantly improved CAP, whereas lifestyle modification alone did not (P < 0.001 for POSE 2.0; P = 0.24 for control). Similarly, both resolution of steatosis and %TBWL were significantly higher with POSE 2.0 than with control at 12 months. Compared with controls, POSE 2.0 significantly improved liver enzymes, hepatic steatosis index, and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio at 12 months. There were no serious adverse events.

Conclusion POSE 2.0 was effective for NAFLD in patients with obesity, with good durability and safety profile.
Ferroptosis of Endothelial Cells Triggered by Erythrophagocytosis Contributes to Thrombogenesis in Uremia
Authors: Li Zhanni , Yan Meishan , Wang Zelong , An Yao , Wei Xinyu , Li Tingting , Xu Minghui , Xia Yanshi , Wang Liqiu , Gao Chunyan
Published: June 2023

Background Although thrombosis events are the leading complication of uremia, their mechanism is largely unknown. The interaction between endothelial cells (ECs) and red blood cells (RBCs) in uremic solutes and its prothrombotic role need to be investigated.

Methods and Results Here, we established an in vitro co-incubation model of uremic RBC and EC as well as a uremic rat model induced by adenine. Using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and electron microscopy, we found increased erythrophagocytosis by EC accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and impairment of mitochondria, indicating that ECs undergo ferroptosis. Further investigations showed increased proteins' expression of heme oxygenase-1 and ferritin and labile iron pool accumulation in EC, which could be suppressed by deferoxamine (DFO). The ferroptosis-negative regulators glutathione peroxidase 4 and SLC7A11 were decreased in our erythrophagocytosis model and could be enhanced by ferrostatin-1 or DFO. In vivo, we observed that vascular EC phagocytosed RBC and underwent ferroptosis in the kidney of the uremic rat, which could be inhibited by blocking the phagocytic pathway or inhibiting ferroptosis. Next, we found that the high tendency of thrombus formation was accompanied by erythrophagocytosis-induced ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we further revealed that upregulated TMEM16F expression mediated phosphatidylserine externalization on ferroptotic EC, which contributed to a uremia-associated hypercoagulable state.

Conclusion Our results indicate that erythrophagocytosis-triggered ferroptosis followed by phosphatidylserine exposure of EC may play a key role in uremic thrombotic complications, which may be a promising target to prevent thrombogenesis of uremia.
Triangulenium Ions: Versatile Organic Photoredox Catalysts for Green-Light-Mediated Reactions
Authors: Gianetti Thomas L. , Nowack Marko H. , Moutet Jules , Laursen Bo W.
Published: June 2023

The development of tunable organic photoredox catalysts remains important in the field of photoredox catalysis. A highly modular and tunable family of trianguleniums (azadioxatriangulenium, diazaoxatriangulenium, and triazatriangulenium), and the related [4]helicene quinacridinium have been used as organic photoredox catalysts for photoreductions and photooxidations under visible light irradiation (λ = 518–640 nm). A highlight of this family of photoredox catalysts is their readily tunable redox properties, leading to different reactivities. We report their use as photocatalysts for the aerobic oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids and the aerobic cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction of N-phenyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroisoquinoline with nitromethane through reductive quenching. Furthermore, their potential as photoreduction catalysts has been demonstrated through the catalysis of an intermolecular atom-transfer radical addition via oxidative quenching. These transformations serve as benchmarks to highlight that the easily synthesized trianguleniums, congeners of the acridiniums, are versatile organic photoredox catalysts with applications in both photooxidations and photoreductions.
Association between Lower Body Qualities and Change-of-Direction
Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Zhili , Yin Mingyue , Bishop Chris , Ainsworth Barbara , Li Yongming
Published: June 2023

The aim of the present study is to determine the associations between lower body
muscle strength qualities and change of direction (CoD) performance. Three
databases were used to perform a systematic literature search up to September
30, 2022. Based on the studies that met the inclusion criteria, we calculated
Pearson’s r correlation coefficient to examine the relationships
between muscle strength qualities and CoD performance. The quality of the
studies included was evaluated by the modified version of the Downs and Black
Quality Index Tool. Heterogeneity was determined via the Q statistic and
I
2, and Egger’s test was used to assess small
study bias. The results revealed that lower body maximal strength (pooled:
r=− 0.54, dynamic:
r=− 0.60, static:
r=− 0.41), joint strength (pooled:
r=− 0.59, EXT-ecc:
r=− 0.63, FLEX-ecc:
r=− 0.59), reactive strength
(r=− 0.42) and power (pooled:
r=− 0.45, jump height:
r=− 0.41, jump distance:
r=− 0.60, peak power:
r=− 0.41) were negatively and moderately related
to CoD performance. To conclude, the results highlight that a number of muscle
strength qualities are associated with CoD performance and are pertinent to
specific phases of a directional change. It should be noted that the conclusions
of this study do not establish causality, and further research is needed to
better understand their training effects and underlying mechanisms.
A Retrospective Review of Social Deprivation Index and Maternal Outcomes with Placenta Accreta Spectrum from a Single Referral Center
Authors: Goulding Alison N. , Fox Karin A. , Reed Christina C. , Salmanian Bahram , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Aagaard Kjersti M.
Published: June 2023

Objective Little is known about how community characteristics influence placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) outcomes. Our objective was to evaluate whether adverse maternal outcomes among pregnant people (gravidae) with PAS delivering at a single referral center differ by community-level measures of social deprivation.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of singleton gravidae with histopathology confirmed PAS delivering from January 2011 to June 2021 at a referral center. Data abstraction collected relevant patient information, including resident zip code, which was linked to Social Deprivation Index (SDI) score (a measure of area-level social deprivation). SDI scores were divided into quartiles for analysis. Primary outcome was a composite of maternal adverse outcomes. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression were performed.

Results Among our cohort (n = 264), those in the lowest (least deprived) SDI quartile were older, had lower body mass index, and were more likely to identify as non-Hispanic white. Composite maternal adverse outcome occurred in 81 (30.7%), and did not differ significantly by SDI quartile. Intraoperative transfusion of ≥4 red blood cell units occurred more often among those living in deprived areas (31.2% in the highest [most deprived] vs. 22.7% in the lowest [least deprived] SDI quartile, p = 0.04). No other outcomes differed by SDI quartile. In multivariable logistic regression, a quartile increase in SDI was associated with 32% increased odds of transfusion of ≥4 red blood cell units (adjusted odds ratio: 1.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.75).

Conclusion Within a cohort of gravidae with PAS delivered at a single referral center, we found that those living in more socially deprived communities were more likely to receive transfusion of ≥4 red blood cell units, but other maternal adverse outcomes did not differ. Our findings highlight the importance of considering how characteristics of the surrounding community can impact PAS outcomes and may assist with risk stratification and resource deployment.

Key Points
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Associated with Moderate Aortic Stenosis in Symptomatic 75-Year-Old Female: A Case Report
Authors: Abonowara Abdulgani
Published: June 2023

A 72-year-old female was found to have symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy associated with significant aortic stenosis. She was found to have severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, asymmetric septal hypertrophy, significant systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral valve leaflet, and mitral regurgitation. She was also found to have moderate aortic stenosis that made the obstruction even worse which made the patient progressively symptomatic not responding to medical therapy. She eventually underwent cardiac surgery in form of left ventricular septal myomectomy and bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement (tissue AVR) with a size 23 tissue valve, aortic root enlargement with bovine pericardial patch. She is currently stable on optimal medical therapy, feels much better and stable cardiac-wise with much better quality of life.
Dynamics, magnetic properties, and electron binding energies of H2O2 in water
Authors: C. Cabral Benedito J.
Published: June 2023

Results for the magnetic properties and electron binding energies of H2O2 in liquid water are presented. The adopted methodology relies on the combination of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics and electronic structure calculations. The Keal-Tozer functional was applied for predicting magnetic shieldings and H2O2 intramolecular spin-spin coupling constants. Electron binding energies were calculated with electron propagator theory. In water, H2O2 is a better proton donor than proton acceptor, and the present results indicate that this feature is important for understanding magnetic properties in solution. In comparison with the gas-phase, H2O2 atoms are deshielded in water. For oxygen atoms, the deshielding is mainly determined by structural/conformational changes. Hydrogen-bond interactions explain the deshielding of protons in water. The predicted chemical shift for the H2O2 protons in water (δ∼11.8 ppm) is in good agreement with experimental information (δ=11.2 ppm). The two lowest electron binding energies of H2O2 in water (10.7±0.5 and 11.2±0.5 eV) are in reasonable agreement with experiment. In keeping with data from photoelectron spectroscopy, an ∼1.6 eV red-shift of the two first ionisation energies relative to the gas-phase is observed in water. The strong dependence of magnetic properties on changes of the electronic density in the nuclei environment is illustrated by a correlation between the σ(17O) magnetic shielding constant and the energy gap between the [2a] lowest valence and [1a] core orbitals of H2O2.
A lattice model for the interpretation of oligonucleotide hybridization experiments
Authors: Sanstead Paul J. , Tokmakoff Andrei
Published: June 2023

We present a lattice model developed to interpret oligonucleotide hybridization experiments beyond the two-state, all-or-none description. Our model is a statistical extension of the nearest-neighbor model in which all possible combinations of broken and intact base pairs in the duplex state are considered explicitly. The conformational degrees of freedom of unpaired nucleotides in the single-strand or duplex state are modeled as self-avoiding walks of the polymer chain on a cubic lattice. Translational entropy and concentration effects are modeled through a coarser lattice of single-strand sized sites. Introducing a single free parameter for the excess entropy per unpaired nucleotide results in reasonable agreement with experiment. While the model provides a generally applicable tool, we illustrate specifically how it is used to interpret equilibrium and nonequilibrium infrared spectroscopy measurements and validate that the model correctly captures sequence and length dependent effects for sequences up to 18 nucleotides. Model predictions are directly related to experiments through computed melting curves. Calculated free energy surfaces offer insight into the interpretation of temperature-jump measurements of oligonucleotide dehybridization. The model captures the interplay between configurational variation and the enthalpic stabilization of base pairing contacts in the context of a minimalist statistical description of DNA hybridization and offers useful insight beyond the simplest all-or-none picture.
Enhancing emission in a QD–nanodisk system via the alignment of the orientation of excitons with the polarization of Mie modes
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Hao Yuekai , Yao Youyuan , Gao Liang , Miao Tian , Hu Huiyong , Wang Liming , Zhong Zhenyang
Published: June 2023

A Ge quantum dot (QD)–resonator system is an attractive solution for the Si-based emitter applied in monolithic optical–electronic integrated circuits, in which efficient coupling of QDs and cavity modes is crucial for achieving significant emission enhancement. Here, we present unique emission characteristics of a Ge QD–nanodisk array system based on the spatial matching of the two components. In this system, the two-order-of-magnitude emission enhancement is derived from self-assembled QDs, which is related to the orientation of excitons in QDs coinciding with a vertical-polarized Mie mode. In addition, the emission efficiency is also strongly dependent on the position of the QDs in nanodisks. As the orientation of the emitter is matched with the polarized mode, and the QD is located at the maximum of the field, optimal spatial matching can be achieved. These experimental and simulated results demonstrate the importance of spatial matching between emitters with proper polarization and cavity modes, which promises the realization of efficient on-chip light sources.
Customization of an atomic force microscope for multidimensional measurements under environmental conditions
Authors: Guner Bugrahan , Laflamme Simon , Dagdeviren Omur E.
Published: June 2023

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an analytical surface characterization tool that reveals the surface topography at a nanometer length scale while probing local chemical, mechanical, and even electronic sample properties. Both contact (performed with a constant deflection of the cantilever probe) and dynamic operation modes (enabled by demodulation of the oscillation signal under tip–sample interaction) can be employed to conduct AFM-based measurements. Although surface topography is accessible regardless of the operation mode, the resolution and the availability of the quantified surface properties depend on the mode of operation. However, advanced imaging techniques, such as frequency modulation, to achieve high resolution, quantitative surface properties are not implemented in many commercial systems. Here, we show the step-by-step customization of an atomic force microscope. The original system was capable of surface topography and basic force spectroscopy measurements while employing environmental control, such as temperature variation of the sample/tip, etc. We upgraded this original setup with additional hardware (e.g., a lock-in amplifier with phase-locked loop capacity, a high-voltage amplifier, and a new controller) and software integration while utilizing its environmental control features. We show the capabilities of the customized system with frequency modulation-based topography experiments and automated voltage and/or distance spectroscopy, time-resolved AFM, and two-dimensional force spectroscopy measurements under ambient conditions. We also illustrate the enhanced stability of the setup with active topography and frequency drift corrections. We believe that our methodology can be useful for the customization and automation of other scanning probe systems.
Effect of external electric fields in the charge transfer rates of donor–acceptor dyads: A straightforward computational evaluation
Authors: Besalú-Sala Pau , Voityuk Alexander A. , Luis Josep M. , Solà Miquel
Published: June 2023

We present a straightforward and low-cost computational protocol to estimate the variation of the charge transfer rate constant, kCT, in a molecular donor–acceptor caused by an external electric field. The proposed protocol also allows for determining the strength and direction of the field that maximize the kCT. The application of this external electric field results in up to a >4000-fold increase in the kCT for one of the systems studied. Our method allows the identification of field-induced charge-transfer processes that would not occur without the perturbation caused by an external electric field. In addition, the proposed protocol can be used to predict the effect on the kCT due to the presence of charged functional groups, which may allow for the rational design of more efficient donor–acceptor dyads.