bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Value Relevance of Intellectual Capital and Ownership Structure on the SMEs Performance
Authors: Hartati Noorina , Dwiyani Hadiwidjaja Rini
Published: April 2020

Intellectual Capital (IC) consists of VACA (CE), VAHU (HC), STVA (SC), Ownership Managerial (OM), and Institutional Ownership (OI). This study aims to examine whether Intellectual Capital (IC) has a positive effect on company performance, which is proxied by ROA and ROE, with the Leverage and Total Assets as control variables. Specifically, the researcher tested eight (8) hypotheses using multiple linear regression (p-values). The results of multiple linear regression tests (p-value) show that the variables VACA (CE), VAHU (HC), STVA (SC), and Intellectual Capital (VAICtm) have a positive effect on SMEs financial performance, both with ROA and ROE proxies. However, Ownership Managerial (OM) and Ownership Institutional (OI) variables do not affect both ROA and ROE. Then for the control variable, leverage affects ROA, while Total Assets affect ROE. Therefore, the research further strengthens previous studies that Intellectual Capital and its components, which include Employed Capital, Human Capital, and Structural Capital, affect SME's financial performance, both through ROA and ROE. VAICTM is the best indicator to measure IC (Intellectual Capital). The improvement of the financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs), it is necessary to pay attention to their employees (HC), capital structure (CE), and organizational structure in the company (SC).
Spatial Modelling of Bacterial Diversity over the Selected Regions in Bangladesh by Next-Generation Sequencing: Role of Water Temperature
Authors: Akter Nabila , Wahiduzzaman Md , Yeasmin Alea , Islam Kazi , Luo Jing-Jia
Published: April 2020

In this study, a spatial model has been developed to investigate the role of water temperature to the distribution of bacteria over the selected regions in the Bay of Bengal, located in the southern region of Bangladesh using next-generation sequencing. Bacterial concentration, quantitative polymerase chain reactions, and sequencing were performed on water samples and identified Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The spatial model tessellated the parts of the Bay of Bengal with hexagons and analyzed the relationship between the distribution of bacteria and water temperature. A geographically weighted regression was used to observe whether water temperature contributed strongly or weakly to the distribution of bacteria. The residuals were examined to assess the model’s fitness. The spatial model has the potential to predict the bacterial diversity in the selected regions of Bangladesh.
Mechanical Properties of Nacre-Like Composites: A Bottom-Up Approach
Authors: Raj Mayank , Patil Sandeep P. , Markert Bernd
Published: April 2020

Nacre is a highly organized hierarchical structure of the mineral and organic components at all scales down to the molecular-scale guided by organic molecules. The mechanical properties of the mineral component of nacre have been studied and well established for decades. In the present work, the shear modulus of the organic matrix of nacre was obtained using two of its important proteineous components, Perlucin and Lustrin A. The shear modulus value of the organic matrix was computed to be in the range of 1.25–1.45 GPa using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Moreover, finite element (FE) simulations were conducted on the three-dimensional (3D) models of the nacre-like composite while varying the relative composition of mineral and organic constituents. The nacre-like composite models with 10–20% by volume of organic part estimated high toughness. The exact optimum value will depend on the mechanical properties of the organic matrix used in the synthesis of nacre-like material. The study is an advancement in the modeling of nacre, sheds light on macroscale properties of nacre-like composites, and opens up new avenues for continuum studies of nacre mechanics, including its mysterious toughening mechanism.
Structural Stability of a Family of Exponential Polynomial Maps
Authors: Solis Francisco , Jerez Silvia , Ku-Carrillo Roberto , Delgadillo Sandra
Published: April 2020

We perturbed a family of exponential polynomial maps in order to show both analytically and numerically their unpredictable orbit behavior. Due to the analytical form of the iteration functions the family has numerically different behavior than its correspondent analytical one, which is a topic of paramount importance in computer mathematics. We discover an unexpected oscillatory parametrical behavior of the perturbed family.
The Strain Rates in the Brain, Brainstem, Dura, and Skull under Dynamic Loadings
Authors: Hosseini-Farid Mohammad , Amiri-Tehrani-Zadeh MaryamSadat , Ramzanpour Mohammadreza , Ziejewski Mariusz , Karami Ghodrat
Published: April 2020

Knowing the precise material properties of intracranial head organs is crucial for studying the biomechanics of head injury. It has been shown that these biological tissues are significantly rate-dependent; hence, their material properties should be determined with respect to the range of deformation rate they experience. In this paper, a validated finite element human head model is used to investigate the biomechanics of the head in impact and blast, leading to traumatic brain injuries (TBI). We simulate the head under various directions and velocities of impacts, as well as helmeted and unhelmeted head under blast shock waves. It is demonstrated that the strain rates for the brain are in the range of 36 to 241 s−1, approximately 1.9 and 0.86 times the resulting head acceleration under impacts and blast scenarios, respectively. The skull was found to experience a rate in the range of 14 to 182 s−1, approximately 0.7 and 0.43 times the head acceleration corresponding to impact and blast cases. The results of these incident simulations indicate that the strain rates for brainstem and dura mater are respectively in the range of 15 to 338 and 8 to 149 s−1. These findings provide a good insight into characterizing the brain tissue, cranial bone, brainstem and dura mater, and also selecting material properties in advance for computational dynamical studies of the human head.
Should chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review
Authors: Gbinigie Kome , Frie Kerstin
Published: April 2020

Background

On the 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. To date, there are no medical treatments for COVID-19 with proven effectiveness. Novel treatments and/or vaccines will take time to be developed and distributed to patients. In light of this, there has been growing interest in the use of existing medications, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), as potential treatments of this disease.

Aim

To establish the current evidence for the effectiveness of CQ and HCQ in treating COVID-19.

Design & setting

A rapid review of the literature was conducted.

Method

Electronic searches in PubMed and Google Scholar were conducted on 21 March 2020. A further search was conducted in Google for relevant literature on 28 March 2020.

Results

There is limited evidence of in vitro activity of CQ/HCQ against SARS-CoV-2. A number of in vivo clinical trials are underway. The empirical data available from two of these trials reveal conflicting results. Both trials are characterised by small numbers of participants (n= 30 andn= 36) and suffer methodological limitations. No medium or long-term follow-up data is available.

Conclusion

At present, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether CQ/HCQ are safe and effective treatments for COVID-19. High quality, adequately powered randomised clinical trials in primary and secondary care settings are urgently required to guide policymakers and clinicians. These studies should report medium- and long-term follow-up results, and safety data.
CHALLENGES OF TAKING MALAY LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION COURSE AMONG INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN TERTIARY LEVEL OF STUDIES
Authors: Ngadiron Suhaila , Abd Aziz Azureen , Muhamad Rusly Nurien Hidayu
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted to identify the challenges faced by tertiary students to converse and communicate using the Malay language in their tertiary learning. Data obtained were based on a few observations conducted on 100 students who took the Malay Language Communication course. Students were asked to video-record their daily communication with local students using Malay language. Then, the data obtained from the observations would be presented via presentation in class. Based on the feedback received, there are three major challenges faced by these international students that include; mother tongue destruction, student attitude, and environmental issues. Few recommendations are presented based on the research findings.
JEJAK TUANTA SALAMAKA DAN TRADISI ZIARAH KUBUR SEBAGAI BENTUK BUDAYA SPRITUAL
Authors: SALEH NUR ALAM
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang keberadaan Makam Syekh Yusuf atau di kenal juga dengan Tuanta Salamaka di Lakiung Kelurahan Katangka Kabupaten Gowa yang sampai saat ini masih dapat dijumpai dan dikaitkan dengan kegiatan pariwisata, tanggapan-tanggapan dari kalangan masyarakat tentang keberadaan Makam Syekh Yusuf manakala dijadikan sebagai objek wisata budaya, serta apa pengaruhnya bagi masyarakat sekitar makam. Dimana penelitian ini di lakukan pada salah satu daerah yaitu di Kelurahan Katangka Kecamatan Sombaopu Kabupaten Gowa. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan penelitian lapangan yang mencakup observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara, Adapun teknik analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Kata Kunci : Makam, Syekh Yusuf, Budaya dan Pariwisata
What is Misleading Physicians into Giving Too Much Fluid during Resuscitation of Shock and Surgery that Induces ARDS and/or AKI?
Authors: AN Ghanem
Published: April 2020

Introduction and Objective: Evidence demonstrates that there are many errors and misconceptions on fluid therapy. Starling’s law underlies it all. This report gives the complete evidence that Starling’s law is wrong on both forces and the correct replacement is hydrodynamic of the G tube. New physiological evidence is provided with clinical relevance and significance.

Material and Methods: The physics proof is based on G tube hydrodynamic. The physiological proof is based on a study of the hind limb of sheep: running plasma and later saline through the artery compared to that through the vein as regards the formation of oedema. The clinical significance is based on 2 studies one prospective and a 23 case series on volumetric overload shocks (VOS). The recent clinical studies on albumin and hydroxyethyl starch versus saline and also that on plasma proteins partly affirm that Starling’s law is wrong. My physics and physiological research completes this evidence.

Results: Hydrodynamics of G tube showed that proximal, akin to arterial, pressure induces suction “absorption”, not “filtration”. In Poiseuille’s tube side pressure is all positive causing filtration based on which Starling proposed his hypothesis. The physiological evidence proves that the capillary works as G tube not Poiseuille’s tube: Oedema occurred when fluids are run through the vein but not through the artery. There was no difference using saline or plasma proteins, neither in physiological nor in clinical studies. The wrong Starling’s law dictates the faulty rules on fluid therapy misleading physicians into giving too much fluid during shock resuscitation and surgery inducing VOS and ARDS.

Conclusion: Hydrodynamic of the G tube challenges the role attributed to arterial pressure as filtration force in Starling’s law. A literature review shows that oncotic pressure does not work either. The new hydrodynamic of G tube is proposed to replace Starling’s law which is wrong on both forces. The physiological proof and relevance to clinical importance on the pathogenesis of clinical syndromes are discussed.
Beninese vaccination clinic
Authors: Sun Linda
Published: April 2020

This photo was taken in the village of Ladji, which is on the outskirts of Cotonou, the capital of Benin. At the time, I was a second year medical student volunteering at a local medical clinic. On every Wednesday morning, many Beninese babies, like this one, cry out of discomfort while receiving their monthly vaccinations. The photo shows a local clinic nurse administering the vaccination.
Profil Penguasaan Konsep Struktur Atom pada Siswa Kelas X MIPA SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019
Authors: Tasya Yulita , Sadiana I Made , Asi Nopriawan Berkat
Published: April 2020

Struktur atom merupakan salah satu materi pelajaran kimia yang diajarkan di SMA/MA. Materi ini dipelajari dikelas X SMA tentang perkembangan teori atom, partikel dasar penyusun atom, konfigurasi elektron, serta bilangan kuantum. Konsep ini merupakan  konsep dasar ilmu kimia untuk memahami ikatan kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil penguasaan konsep Struktur Atom pada siswa kelas X SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif yang dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya dengan subjek penelitian adalah 30 siswa kelas X MIPA-1. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berupa dokumen RPP guru kimia yang bersangkutan, data penguasaan konsep siswa yang didapat melalui tes uraian, dan data hasil wawancara siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) rata-rata sebesar 62,16% berada pada kategori sedang. 2) Siswa dapat menjelaskan perkembangan teori atom untuk menunjukkan kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing teori atom dengan rata-rata penguasaan konsep sebesar 68,75% dengan kategori sedang. 3) Siswa dapat menentukan partikel dasar (proton, elektron, dan neutron) suatu atom berdasarkan nomor atom dan nomor massa dengan rata-rata penguasaan konsep sebesar 61,47% dengan kategori sedang. 4) Siswa dapat mengklasifikasi unsur ke dalam isotop, isobar, dan isoton dengan rata-rata penguasaan konsep sebesar 88,88% dengan kategori tinggi. 5) Siswa dapat menentukan bilangan kuantum pada elektron terluar dari suatu unsur atau ion dengan rata-rata penguasaan konsep sebesar 21,04% dengan kategori rendah.
Mercantilização, diversidade e estilos de agricultura
Authors: Niederle Paulo
Published: April 2020

O artigo discute o processo de mercantilização da agricultura, ressaltando o modo parcial e multifacetado como este afeta um conjunto de domínios essenciais à reprodução das formas familiares de produção. Destaca, ainda, a relação entre a mercantilização diferencial e a constituição de distintos estilos de agricultura, apresentando esta noção como uma alternativa analítica à compreensão da diversidade que marca o mundo rural contemporâneo.
Descentralização administrativa e interseções políticas
Authors: Neves Delma Pessanha
Published: April 2020

No artigo, analiso encontros, desencontros e readequações de concepções de prática política que presidem os modos de objetivação dos atos de descentralização administrativa, especialmente a partir de programas sociais que se objetivam em plano municipal. Os dados empíricos nos quais apoio a reflexão estão restritos a respostas oferecidas a questionários encaminhados a prefeitas eleitas para a gestão 2001-2004, nos respectivos municípios dos estados da região Nordeste do Brasil. Privilegio, analiticamente, questões associadas às propriedades de posição e condições sociais subjacentes a atuação de mulheres no exercício da gestão municipal, contrapondo-me a reificações que valorizam as lutas em torno da desigualdade de gêneros como vetor da expansão do número delas nesse cargo do exercício público.
As tentativas de adoção da abordagem territorial do desenvolvimento rural:
Authors: Favareto Arilson
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo abordar a disseminação da abordagem territorial do desenvolvimento rural em países da América Latina. Passados já quase quinze anos desde a incorporação da retórica do desenvolvimento territorial por agências multilaterais e organismos de cooperação internacional, e após uma década de experimentações em países da América Latina, pode-se perguntar que avanços foram alcançados e que lições esta trajetória recente traz. O principal argumento é que, ao longo desse período, houve uma inovação retórica no discurso sobre desenvolvimento rural, mas as instituições permanecem organizadas sob um viés predominantemente setorial, o que pode ser percebido, marcadamente, pelo leque de agentes e de recursos mobilizados e pelo lugar institucional destas políticas.
Cascade trifluoromethylthiolation and cyclization of N-[(3-aryl)propioloyl]indoles
Authors: Bi Ming-Xi , Liu Shuai , Huang Yangen , Xu Xiu-Hua , Qing Feng-Ling
Published: April 2020

A cascade oxidative trifluoromethylthiolation and cyclization of N-[(3-aryl)propioloyl]indoles with AgSCF3 is described. This protocol allows for the synthesis of novel bis(trifluoromethylthiolated) or trifluoromethylthiolated pyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-3-ones in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic investigations indicated that radical processes were probably involved in these transformations.
Ecologia urbana: conceitos, pré-conceitos e pós-conceitos
Authors: Miyamoto James , Collet Bruna Gilda
Published: April 2020

A realidade torna-se cada vez mais complexa, a partir da multidisciplinaridade crescente e dos enredamentos extremos, em um mundo predominantemente urbano, no qual já existem quase três dezenas de cidades com mais de 10 milhões de habitantes. Hoje, cerca de 54% da população vive em cidades, no contexto mundial de, aproximadamente, 7,5 bilhões de pessoas. As cidades devem ser vistas como entidades ecológicas, com forte predominância da ação antrópica. Aliás, muitos cientistas afirmam que, provavelmente, não existe lugar plenamente protegido da influência humana no planeta. A compreensão da distinção entre “ecologia da cidade” e “ecologia na cidade” propiciou visões mais rigorosas e reais do planeta. Os problemas ambientais, biológicos e sociais são muitos e necessitam de análises específicas (ecossistêmicas), alicerçadas em bases teóricas consistentes. O presente trabalho traçará a evolução da expressão “ecologia urbana” e discutirá questões consideradas fundamentais, relacionadas aos conceitos, pré-conceitos e pós-conceitos propostos.
A configuração espacial urbana como subsídio para diagnósticos em planos de mobilidade
Authors: Souza Silva André , Colusso Izabele
Published: April 2020

Desenvolver procedimentos e critérios de modo a contribuir para a elaboração e revisão de planos de mobilidade tendo por base instrumentos fundamentados em conceitos e teorias do sistema configuracional urbano é o objetivo desta pesquisa. Neste sentido, propõe-se que os planos de mobilidade podem utilizar conceitos e teorias dos estudos configuracionais urbanos em consonância com variáveis sociais, culturais, ambientais, econômicas e políticas. Em termos metodológicos, será analisado como alguns instrumentos fundamentados nos estudos configuracionais urbanos podem aprimorar significativamente as reflexões e tomadas de decisão por parte dos planejadores e gestores urbanos. A instância empírica é estabelecida em Sapucaia do Sul-RS em razão do significado e importância desta cidade no contexto da região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Os resultados obtidos possibilitam compreender e relacionar a lógica socioepacial da articulação entre os níveis de acessibilidade urbana do sistema configuracional das áreas de centralidade com os critérios e prioridades das políticas públicas de intervenção do plano diretor da cidade em termos de mobilidade.
O O labirinto das memórias da antiga Igreja de Santo Alexandre: símbolos integrados e contrastes da dinâmica do patrimônio sacro em Belém do Pará
Authors: Ferreira da Costa Wagner , Salvador Miranda Cybelle
Published: April 2020

Na arquitetura sacra cristã, o edifício em si e seus símbolos integrados (altares, púlpitos, mobiliário) constituem a materialização da cultura respeitante ao conjunto de crenças e tradições espirituais que fazem sentido à uma determinada comunidade. Tomando como objeto de análise a antiga Igreja de Santo Alexandre em Belém do Pará, visamos olhar este edifício e seus respectivos bens simbólicos como repositórios e/ou labirintos, nos quais a memória individual de seus frequentadores se ancora, seja pelo fator estético, histórico ou pelo afetivo. Ao longo do tempo, estas referências podem se perder, em razão das novas demandas sociais em que os edifícios históricos passam por processos de refuncionalização, visando substituir sua função de culto pela função museográfica. O caso da antiga Igreja de Santo Alexandre, em Belém Pará, torna-se emblemático para pensar as consequências das ações em que a patrimonizalização sobrepõe-se à patrimonialidade revelam, para a configuração de uma memória coletiva dos habitantes da cidade.
On the Structure of Parallelohedrons of Higher Dimension
Authors: Zhizhin Gennadiy Vladimirovich
Published: April 2020

For more than 100 years in science, many researchers, when trying to solve Hilbert's 18th problem of constructing n-dimensional space, used the principles of the Delaunay geometric theory. In this paper, as a result of a careful analysis of the work in this direction, it is shown that the principles of the Delaunay theory are erroneous. They do not take into account the features of figures of higher dimensionality, do not agree with modern advances in the physics of the structure of matter, and lead to erroneous results. A new approach to solving the 18th Hilbert problem, based on modern knowledge in the field of the structure of matter and the geometric properties of figures of higher dimension, is proposed. The basis of the new approach to solving the 18th Hilbert problem is the theory developed by the author on polytopic prismahedrons.
Different cooling strategies between sets for 30 seconds does not have beneficial effect on resistance exercise with blood flow restriction
Authors: Gianoni Rodrigo , Pereira Paulo Eduardo , Azevedo Paulo Henrique
Published: April 2020

The ice application (cooling) has become popular during physical activities to improve performance. This study aimed to test whether different cooling places could increase the number of repetitions (volume) during resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR). Ten women volunteered for this study. The sample characterization is presented in mean and standard deviation: age: 28.5 ± 8.6 years; height: 164.6 ± 8.3 cm; total body mass: 61.5 ± 7.1 maximal dynamic strength test (1RM): 236.5 ± 54.8 kg; 30% 1RM: 71.6 ± 16.5; SBP: 124.7 ± 7.7 mm Hg; 1.3 x SBP: 161.8 ± 10.4 mm Hg. The subjects performed five sessions of resistance exercise with BFR. Three sets were held in each session, with the intensity of 30% of 1RM until muscle failure; and 30-second rest period between sets. The cooling sites were: hands, neck, and tunnel temperature. One session without cooling was done and considered as control group. There was neither difference in the total number of repetitions of repetitions among interventions, nor significant difference among interventions for RPE (P = 0.49). Therefore, we do not recommend cooling to maintain a high number of repetitions during strength training with BFR.
AMPERE polar cap boundaries
Authors: Burrell Angeline G. , Chisham Gareth , Milan Stephen E. , Kilcommons Liam , Chen Yun-Ju , Thomas Evan G. , Anderson Brian
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The high-latitude atmosphere is a dynamic region with processes that respond to forcing from the Sun, magnetosphere, neutral atmosphere, and
ionosphere. Historically, the dominance of magnetosphere–ionosphere interactions has motivated upper atmospheric studies to use magnetic
coordinates when examining magnetosphere–ionosphere–thermosphere coupling processes. However, there are significant differences between the
dominant interactions within the polar cap, auroral oval, and equatorward of the auroral oval. Organising data relative to these boundaries has
been shown to improve climatological and statistical studies, but the process of doing so is complicated by the shifting nature of the auroral oval
and the difficulty in measuring its poleward and equatorward boundaries. This study presents a new set of open–closed magnetic field line boundaries (OCBs) obtained from Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics
Response Experiment (AMPERE) magnetic perturbation data. AMPERE observations of field-aligned currents (FACs) are used to determine the location of
the boundary between the Region 1 (R1) and Region 2 (R2) FAC systems. This current boundary is thought to typically lie a few degrees equatorward
of the OCB, making it a good candidate for obtaining OCB locations. The AMPERE R1–R2 boundaries are compared to the Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program Special Sensor J (DMSP SSJ) electron energy flux boundaries to test this hypothesis and determine the best estimate of the
systematic offset between the R1–R2 boundary and the OCB as a function of magnetic local time. These calibrated boundaries, as well as OCBs
obtained from the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) observations, are validated using simultaneous observations of the
convection reversal boundary measured by DMSP. The validation shows that the OCBs from IMAGE and AMPERE may be used together in statistical
studies, providing the basis of a long-term data set that can be used to separate observations originating inside and outside of the polar cap.
A Escola Nova e o Método Intuitivo nos programas de ensino da Escola Normal Superior Vocacional (1937) em Santa Catarina
Authors: Sganderla Ana Paola , Carvalho Diana Carvalho de
Published: April 2020

O artigo em tela analisa os programas de ensino de Psicologia, Pedagogia e História da Educação propostos para a Escola Normal Superior Vocacional em Santa Catarina, por meio do Decreto n. 217, de 9 de março de 1937. O objetivo será problematizar a coexistência de conteúdos referentes ao método intuitivo e de conhecimentos escolanovistas em diferentes disciplinas. A utilização e o ensino do método intuitivo/lição das coisas fundamentou a reforma de ensino catarinense de 1911, sendo adotado como princípio orientador da educação no estado e assim permaneceu adentrando os anos 1930, momento que em que eram difundidos e estudados os conhecimentos da Escola Nova, indicando que estas duas orientações assumiram centralidade na formação teórico-prática do futuro docente. A perspectiva empirista parece ter sido um dos fundamentos que orientou as discussões educacionais do contexto da época, desde os pareceres de Rui Barbosa sobre o ensino até as ideias de Lourenço Filho na obra Introdução ao estudo da Escola Nova. Nos programas de 1937, as questões que envolviam a aprendizagem, a motivação e as diferenças individuais dos estudantes pautavam-se nessa perspectiva teórica, sendo a aposta na formação da mentalidade científica do professor.
A motivação profissional dos professores de língua espanhola nos estados do Ceará e Piauí: uma análise após a revogação da lei 11.161/2005
Authors: Moreira Glauber Lima , Pontes Valdecy de Oliveira , Pereira Livya Lea de Oliveira
Published: April 2020

A motivação de um(a) professor(a) como profissional na área de ensino de língua espanhola pode refletir nas suas ações, metodologias, estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem de seus alunos. Nesse contexto, considerando que a revogação da lei de obrigatoriedade da oferta de espanhol no Brasil, este artigo busca investigar as atuais motivações de professores de espanhol dos Estados do Ceará e do Piauí acerca dessa língua e das perspectivas para o seu ensino nos estados antes mencionado. Para tanto, baseia-se em estudos sobre motivação, situados na área de Linguística Aplicada. Além disso, para a obtenção dos dados, parte-se da observação direta extensiva, mediante a aplicação de questionário com professores de espanhol da rede pública estadual e/ou escolas de idiomas. Como resultado, averiguamos que a maioria dos professores investigados opta por valorizar o ensino e a oferta desta língua na rede estadual de ensino, portanto, não se mostram favoráveis à exclusão da disciplina de espanhol do currículo escolar por uma questão política e sem a devida discussão com os profissionais da área.
Corpus e gêneros textuais como ferramentas no ensino de tradução no par de línguas espanhol/português para fins profissionais
Authors: Lugli Viviane Cristina Poletto
Published: April 2020

tradução no par de línguas espanhol/português. Consideramos que, no  atual contexto de internacionalização do Brasil, no qual empresas de diferentes setores exportam para os países do Mercosul e a livre circulação permite aos cidadãos se deslocarem de um país ao outro por oportunidades de emprego ou residência, abrem-se diferentes possibilidades de trabalho com a tradução. No entanto, no cenário latino-americano de formação dos alunos de Secretariado, em que as línguas espanhola e portuguesa atuam como veículos que favorecem a integração entre os países mercosulinos, ainda carecemos de dicionários especializados, os quais auxiliem na prática de tradução. Desse modo, concebemos os gêneros textuais como práticas sociais indispensáveis para o ensino/aprendizagem de tradução em espanhol, assim como o corpus disponibilizado pelo CREA e o Corpus del Español del Siglo XXI, que permitem, ao estudante de tradução, a apropriação de conhecimentos relevantes envolvidos com o processo tradutório. Trata-se de uma pesquisa diagnóstica e bibliográfica que aponta o corpus como ferramenta potencializadora na tomada de decisões durante o processo tradutório.
Internacionalização e Ensino de Línguas: o relato de um intercâmbio acadêmico-cultural internacional
Authors: Bertonha Fábio Henrique De Carvalho
Published: April 2020

No Brasil, principalmente desde o início do século XXI, os governos passaram a promover programas e políticas públicas com a pretensão de fomentar um melhor desenvolvimento educacional, novas oportunidades para formação de professores e aprimoramento no ensino de línguas estrangeiras por meio de intercâmbios, pois percebeu-se que a internacionalização viabilizaria o desenvolvimento nacional. Trata-se de um relato de experiência durante o curso de graduação (Bacharelado em Letras com Habilitação de Tradutor), no âmbito do programa de mobilidade acadêmica internacional da UNESP. Esse intercâmbio possibilitou a aquisição de novos conhecimentos científico-culturais, por isso pretende-se discorrer, detalhadamente, sobre essa vivência em universidades europeias, bem como discutir sobre essa recente perspectiva de internacionalização relacionada ao ensino de línguas, exemplificada por alguns programas governamentais. Como contribuições, espera-se estimular a mobilidade internacional, não somente para graduandos e pós-graduandos, mas também para docentes, considerando sua importância para o aperfeiçoamento da formação acadêmica e a excelência do Ensino Superior brasileiro por meio do intercâmbio científico-cultural no exterior.
Reflexões sobre práticas plurilíngues em aula de português como língua adicional
Authors: Bulegon Mariana , Santos Cruz José Anderson
Published: April 2020

Com o objetivo de apresentar uma abordagem plural e plurilíngue em aula de Português como Língua Adicional (PLA), o trabalho discorre acerca da concepção de educação plurilíngue, por meio de contextos multilíngues. Embora se considere apenas a língua portuguesa e a LIBRAS como idiomas oficiais, vivemos, no Brasil, um contexto multilíngue, tendo em vista as diversas línguas indígenas, as línguas faladas em regiões de fronteiras e as demais línguas faladas em comunidades de imigrantes, que passou a compor o quadro multilíngue e multicultural do Brasil na última década. Tendo em vista esse contexto, busca-se refletir acerca de um ensino de línguas que valorize também o contexto cultural – “educação do entorno” (MAHER, 2007). Para isso, discutiremos nesse trabalho o contexto multilíngue brasileiro e o ensino plurilíngue. Ao final, relataremos uma prática de ensino de PLA que teve como objetivo valorizar a pluralidade linguística e cultural do povo brasileiro.
Tutorización internacional: abertura de horizontes para alcanzar nuevos mares
Authors: Alves Janaína Soares , Ferrero Ana María Díaz
Published: April 2020

En este artículo realizamos una propuesta para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes de español como lengua extranjera del curso de Letras-Español de la Universidad de Brasilia (UnB) y de los estudiantes de portugués como lengua extranjera del grado de Traducción e Interpretación de la Universidad de Granada (UGR). Partiendo del hecho de que la inmersión lingüística es un marco acelerador de la competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes, presentamos en este artículo una propuesta didáctica para favorecer la interacción entre estudiantes brasileños y españoles. Se trata de colaborar con los programas de tutorización internacional existentes en estas dos universidades: el programa MENTOR en la UGR y el Programa de Tutores internacionais de la UnB. Se creará un grupo de trabajo colaborativo que establecerá una serie de actividades destinadas a facilitar la integración de los estudiantes brasileños en Granada y de los estudiantes españoles en Brasilia. De este modo se favorece la interacción y, por consiguiente, mejora la competencia comunicativa de la lengua extranjera.
Effect of Agrochemical Use in Vegetable Production: A Situational Study in a Village of Cumilla District
Authors: Badhan Aparajita , Hossain Shakhawat , Jesmin Laila , Bhuiyan Asad UzZaman
Published: April 2020

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been a threat to agricultural production, soil and health. Present research was conducted mainly to focus the adverse impacts of pesticide use on human health and to describe the current status of pesticide use in Jaspur village of Cumilla district. Out of 65 households data were collected from 45, by using a direct interview method with a pretested questionnaire .The questionnaire included both structured and non-structured questions. It had been observed that a maximum of 52.5% farmers said that they were affected through mouth and breathing, 22.5% farmers were affected through eye, skin, mouth and breathing, 5% through eye, skin and mouth and 5% through mouth. The signs and symptoms of illness due to exposure of pesticides were burning/stinging/itching eyes, skin redness/white patches, cough, excessive salivation, nausea/vomiting, shortness of breath etc. About 37.50% respondents waited one week to collect vegetables after pesticide use. 77.5% respondents did not get any training about pesticide use as a result they were highly dependent on dealers. Lack of awareness was a great problem in this village. So in order to increase awareness farmers training was essential. Although this was a social study but it was observed that scientific study was required in this village.
Outpatient Doxycycline Therapy: Frequency of Its Use and Its Prescribing Patterns in a Public Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J.
Published: April 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the outpatient doxycycline therapy: Frequency of its use and its prescribing patterns in a public hospital.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study which was conducted in a public hospital in Alkharj City in 2018. The outpatient prescriptions were reviewed to evaluate the prescription patterns of Doxycycline.

Results: The study results found that about 48.38% of the patients were female and about 62.90% were from Saudi Arabia. Doxycycline was prescribed mainly by resident physicians. Doxycycline was prescribed mainly in the emergency department followed by obstetrics & gynecology department.

Conclusion: Doxycycline was prescribed infrequently in the outpatient settings; it is reserved only for specific conditions. It is important to use antibiotics wisely by the patients and to prescribe and dispense antibiotics including doxycycline appropriately by health care professionals.
Impact of different treatment techniques for pediatric Ewing sarcoma of the chest wall: IMRT, 3DCPT, and IMPT with/without beam aperture
Authors: Su Zhong , Indelicato Daniel J. , Mailhot Raymond B. , Bradley Julie A.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the dosimetric differences between photon intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans, 3D conformal proton therapy (3DCPT), and intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans and to investigate the dosimetric impact of different beam spot size and beam apertures in IMPT for pediatric Ewing sarcoma of the chest wall.

Methods and Materials

Six proton pediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma in the upper, middle, and lower thoracic spine regions as well as upper lumbar spine region were treated with 3DCPT and retrospectively planned with photon IMRT and IMPT nozzles of different beam spot sizes with/without beam apertures. The plan dose distributions were compared both on target conformity and homogeneity, and on organs‐at‐risk (OARs) sparing using QUANTEC metrics of the lung, heart, liver, and kidney. The total integral doses of healthy tissue of all plans were also evaluated.

Results

Target conformity and homogeneity indices are generally better for the IMPT plans with beam aperture. Doses to the lung, heart, and liver for all patients are substantially lower with the 3DPT and IMPT plans than those of IMRT plans. In the IMPT plans with large spot without beam aperture, some OAR doses are higher than those of 3DCPT plans. The integral dose of each photon IMRT plan ranged from 2 to 4.3 times of proton plans.

Conclusion

Compared to IMRT, proton therapy delivers significant lower dose to almost all OARs and much lower healthy tissue integral dose. Compared to 3DCPT, IMPT with small beam spot size or using beam aperture has better dose conformity to the target.
Disease Activity and Anticitrullinated Peptide Antibody Positivity Predict the Worsening of Ventricular Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cioffi Giovanni , Giollo Alessandro , Orsolini Giovanni , Idolazzi Luca , Dalbeni Andrea , Ognibeni Federica , Fracassi Elena , Gatti Davide , Fassio Angelo , Rossini Maurizio , Viapiana Ombretta
Published: April 2020

Objective

This prospective study was designed to analyze the incidence and the factors associated with impairment in left ventricular systolic function (LVSF) overtime in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) without overt cardiac disease. In particular, we verified the hypothesis that a relationship between worsening of LVSF and markers of RA disease activity exists.

Methods

One hundred forty outpatients with RA without overt heart disease underwent clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic evaluation at baseline and after 35 (interquartile range [IQR] 23‐47) months of follow‐up. A clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score greater than 10 indicated the presence of moderate‐high RA disease activity; data on anticitrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) positivity were recorded at baseline. Stress‐corrected midwall fractional shortening (sc‐MFS) was used as a measure of LVSF and was considered impaired if less than 86.5%.

Results

At 36 (IQR 23‐47) months follow‐up, impaired sc‐MFS was detected in 60 of 140 (43%) patients, compared with 80 patients with normal sc‐MFS. Disease duration and activity, ACPA positivity, inflammatory markers, cardiovascular and antirheumatic therapies, and sc‐MFS were similar between the two groups at baseline. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed ACPA positivity, moderate‐high disease activity (CDAI greater than 10), and disease duration as independent predictors of impaired sc‐MFS at follow‐up. Finally, a simple clinical score to predict worsening of LVSF at midterm was built (area under the curve of 0.80, with a sensibility and specificity of 78% and 82%, respectively).

Conclusion

Disease duration, ACPA positivity, and moderate‐high disease activity are independent prognosticators of LVSF impairment in RA. Adverse changes in heart function could be prevented by good control of inflammation and modulation of autoimmunity.
Multifunctional Spun Yarns and Textiles from Nickel‐Titanium Microfilaments
Authors: Weinberg Charles A. , Cai Song , Schaffer Jeremy , Abel Julianna
Published: April 2020

Improvements in multifunctional materials have led researchers to reinvigorate traditional textile structures by integrating emerging material technologies to offer novel solutions to diverse industries. However, there exist few multifunctional materials capable of being produced with micrometer diameters that can be spun into yarns for textile manufacturing, limiting the wearability and tunability of multifunctional textiles. Here, the creation of nickel‐titanium (NiTi) smart material‐based yarns is enabled by the availability of small diameter (≤10 µm) NiTi filaments that can survive the yarn spinning manufacturing process. NiTi microfilament yarns exhibit traditional superelastic and shape memory properties, and afford additional improvements to mechanical performance such as a tunable structural stiffness, plateau strength, and actuation contractions through the introduction of controllable geometric parameters—yarn count, surface twist angle, and manufacturing strains. This work concludes in a densely knitted, closed‐form textile with shape memory actuation and superelastic recovery. NiTi microfilament yarns and textiles have promising impacts in actuating and energy‐absorbing technologies for medical, robotics, aerospace, and defense applications.
Collective Ratchet Transport Generated by Particle Crowding under Asymmetric Sawtooth‐Shaped Static Potential
Authors: Hayakawa Masayuki , Kishino Yusuke , Takinoue Masahiro
Published: April 2020

Herein, the ratchet transport of particles under static asymmetric potential with periodicity is investigated. Ratchet transport garners considerable attention due to its potential for application in smart transport techniques on a micrometer scale. In previous studies, either particle self‐propulsion or time‐varying potential has been introduced to realize unidirectional transport. The ratchet transport through particle interactions during crowding without utilizing these two factors is experimentally demonstrated. Such ratchet transport induced by particle interaction has not previously been experimentally demonstrated, although some theoretical studies have suggested that particle crowding enhances ratchet transport. In addition, a model for such transport in which the potential varies depending on the particle density is constructed, which agrees well with the experimental results. The development of transport techniques on a micrometer scale is accelerated.
Intrinsic Issues in the Assembly of 1,2‐Linked Oligosaccharides
Authors: Kashiwagi Gustavo A.
Published: April 2020

This review aims to highlight common issues involved in the assembly of 1,2‐linked oligosaccharides. There is extensive literature on the subject, but most of the publications only address general oligosaccharides. Construction of 1,2‐glycosidic linkage has an additional and intrinsic complexity due to its glycosylated O‐2 position. Elongation of the fragment from reducing end curtails the possibility of using O‐2 participating groups in the donor. The 2‐O‐glycosylated donors used in this context or in a convergent approach lead to the principal stereocontrol loss when 1,2‐trans gluco type or manno type linkage are targets. Only non‐reducing end elongation strategy can ensure 1,2‐trans linkage, but following a more expensive and cumbersome route. Archetypical cases where the convergent approach drove to a stereocontrol loss are presented. The perspective of this analysis attempts to complement Paulsen, Boons and Demchenko's masterworks about strategies in oligosaccharides synthesis.
Effect of granite powder on properties of concrete
Authors: Zhang Kunqiang , Liu Fusheng , Yue Qiang , Feng Jianguo
Published: April 2020

Studies were conducted using varying proportions of granite powder in canal lining concrete to determine the effect on compression resistance, impermeability and freeze–thaw cycling. The concrete microstructure was assessed using mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and other methods. The data indicate the appearance of pore throats and demonstrate that a granite content of 10%–20% reduces the concrete strength, frost resistance, and impermeability based on changes at the microscopic level. An equation describing the relationship between the granite powder content and pore structure parameters (porosity, 20‐ to 200‐nm pore volume, and fractal dimension) was established.
Dynamic mechanisms of summer Korean heat waves simulated in a long‐term unforced Community Climate System Model version 3
Authors: Kim Han‐Kyoung , Moon Byung‐Kwon , Kim Maeng‐Ki , Kwon Minho
Published: April 2020

We investigate the natural variability of summer Korean heat waves through a long‐term (500 year) unforced simulation using the Community Climate System Model version 3. A total of 82 extreme heat wave frequency (HWF) years are identified with positive barotropic geopotential height (GPH) anomalies over the Korean Peninsula. These anomalies represent the most important atmospheric pattern that causes Korean heat waves via adiabatic warming by anomalous subsidence. From a composite analysis of the extreme Korean HWF years, the silk road pattern (SRP) and central Pacific (CP) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are selected as the driving factors of extreme Korean heat waves. The positive SRP is a west–east upper‐level Rossby wave train from the North Atlantic to East Asia under which positive barotropic GPH anomalies develop over the Korean Peninsula, thereby producing extreme heat waves. Cold CP SST anomalies induce cyclonic circulation and enhance convection over the subtropical western North Pacific through wind–evaporation–SST feedback, thereby acting as a source of the Pacific–Japan teleconnection pattern. They also cause positive barotropic GPH anomalies over the Korean Peninsula and intensify surface warming.
Entwicklung einer multifunktionalen Innenwanddämmung unter Verwendung hochdämmender, dünner, innovativer Glasfaser‐VIP
Authors: Kaufmann Peter , Mai Franziska , Baars Sebastian , Groß Martin , Frenzel Christoph
Published: April 2020

Gesamtziel des Forschungs‐ und Entwicklungsvorhabens war die Verfahrens‐ und Produktentwicklung hochdämmender, kostengünstiger Bauelemente geringer Dicke mit Glasfaserstützkern sowie die Entwicklung und Erprobung konstruktiver und technologischer Lösungen für diverse Applikationen mit höchsten Anforderungen an die Wärmedämmung und Energieeffizienz.

Die Motivation für die durchgeführte Entwicklung ergab sich aus dem dringenden Bedarf an dünnen, kosteneffektiven, hochisolierenden Materialien in verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen zur Erhöhung der Energieeffizienz durch Minimierung von Energieverlusten. Die steigenden Isolationsanforderungen (u. a. gegeben durch EnEV 2014/2016, Pariser Klimaabkommen) können mit herkömmlichen Dämmmaterialien wie Mineralwolle, Polyurethanschaum oder extrudierter Polystyrolschaum aufgrund ihrer vergleichsweisen hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeiten (20–40 mW/mK) nicht erfüllt werden. Um hochisolierende Anforderungen zu erreichen, müssen hochdämmende Materialien mit extrem niedrigen Wärmeleitfähigkeiten verwendet werden, wie zum Beispiel Vakuum‐Isolations‐Paneele (VIP).

Ziel des Projektes war die Werkstoff‐ und Verfahrensentwicklung eines hochdämmenden (ca. 2,5 mW/mK), langlebigen (ca. 30 Jahre), temperaturbeständigen (ca. 300 °C), verletzungsbeständigeren Glasfaser‐VIP sowie die Entwicklung innovativer Applikationen im Bereich Bauwesen (Innenwanddämmung), Behälterbau sowie Containerbau mit höchsten Anforderungen an die Wärmedämmung.