bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Fault Current Evaluation Method for Active DC Grids
Authors: Valbuena Godoy Julian , Negri Simone , Oliva Francesca , Antoniazzi Antonello , Faranda Roberto Sebastiano
Published: February 2024

DC smart grids are a promising solution for the efficient integration of renewable energy sources and loads. Still, their widespread adoption is hindered by significant challenges related to fault response, identification, and clearance. The traditional DC fault analysis method is a useful tool for straightforwardly understanding the behaviour of fault current contributions from DC converters in LVDC networks during a fault. However, when a system with multiple converters and non-negligible fault impedance need to be considered, its accuracy is severely limited due to the assumptions included in the problem solution, thus leading to the following: (a) the dependency of the results’ reliability on fault impedance values and/or other converter fault current contributions; (b) the inaccuracy of the diode current estimation; and (c) the inaccuracy of the conductor joule integral. Thus, these results’ data may be unreliable for designing protection systems for one converter or for an entire network. In order to overcome these issues, this paper proposes an innovative, simple numerical approach to DC fault current evaluation, which can be adopted when the number of converters become significant, or the network is complex. This method arises from the primary interest in solving the circuit to extract the indicators (current peak value and time, joule integral, etc.) necessary for designing circuit protections. This approach proved to grant two main advantages over traditional methods: (a) it provides accurate results, with no need to introduce any specific assumption; (b) it can be structured to manage an arbitrary number of converters; and (c) it reduces the computational processing times and resources necessary to simulate an entire DC network in comparison to other circuit solution software.
An Estimation of the Available Spatial Intensity of Solar Energy in Urban Blocks in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Hui , Huang Xiaoxi , Wang Zhengwei , Jin Shiyu , Xiao Benlin , Huang Yanyan , Zhong Wei , Meng Aofei
Published: February 2024

Urban form is an important factor affecting urban energy. However, the design of urban form and energy mostly belong to two separate disciplines and fields, and urban energy planning research rarely considers their mutual relationship. The available space intensity (ASI) of solar energy is formed on the basis of energy planning and urban design; the objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of urban form on the ASI of solar energy and to propose strategies for planning of the space that is available for solar energy so as to improve the efficiency of urban energy utilization and achieve sustainable urban development. Methodologically, this study firstly proposes a model to quantify the ASI of solar energy using three indicators: solar radiation intensity (SRI), solar installation intensity (SII), and solar generation intensity (SEGI). Then, we quantitatively calculate the solar ASI of nine types of typical urban blocks in a sub-center of Wuhan City, Nanhu. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis are then used to analyze the correlation between the form indicators and solar ASI, as well as the degree of influence. The results show that the differences in SRI, SII, and SEGI amongst the nine types of city blocks were as high as 114.61%, 162.50%, and 61.01%. The solar ASI was mainly affected by three form indicators: the building coverage ratio, the average building height, and the volume-to-area ratio. Reducing the building coverage ratio and increasing vertical development at the same time can effectively improve the ASI of solar energy. The results of this study and the established method provide an important reference and rapid calculation tool for urban energy planning and design, reducing the data and time usually required for solar analysis at the block scale.
Preventing Microbial Growth in Game Meat by Applying Polyphenolic Extracts from Olive Mill Vegetation Water
Authors: Altissimi Caterina , Roila Rossana , Ranucci David , Branciari Raffaella , Cai Dongjie , Paulsen Peter
Published: February 2024

We studied the efficacy of different formulations of polyphenol extracts (mainly containing hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) from olive mill vegetation water on the microflora on the surfaces of game meat cuts with high or low initial bacterial loads. Meat with a high microbial load (>5 Log cfu/g; mean value = 6.83 ± 0.45 standard deviation) was immersed for 10 or 60 sec into 25% and 10% solutions of microencapsulated freeze-dried and non-encapsulated polyphenolic extracts. Aerobic colony, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., and lactic acid bacteria counts were determined on treated samples compared to controls after 7 days of storage (in vacuum-packed conditions at +3 °C). Significant differences were registered only for aerobic colony count for a 10% liquid extract treatment (0.64 log reduction). In contrast, the dipping or immersion of game meat with low initial microbial loads (<5 Log cfu/g; mean value = 3.58 ± 0.72 standard deviation) in 10% solutions of the polyphenol extracts effectuated significant reductions in all bacteria counts (p < 0.002) at 7 and 14 days of storage for different extracts, independently from the application methods. The use of the extracts to inhibit bacterial growth in game meat should only be considered if a good hygienic baseline is guaranteed.
Wild Blackberry Fruit (Rubus fruticosus L.) as Potential Functional Ingredient in Food: Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization, Ripening Period Evaluation, Application in Muffin, and Consumer Acceptance
Authors: Sik Beatrix , Ajtony Zsolt , Lakatos Erika , Székelyhidi Rita
Published: February 2024

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antioxidant properties of wild blackberry fruits as well as their possible use in powdered form as a functional ingredient. For this, ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization, ripening stage evaluation, and wild blackberry powder incorporation into a real food matrix were applied. The optimum conditions for extraction were as follows: 60% MeOH, 20 min of extraction time, acidification with 0.5% HCl, and a 1:40 g/mL solid-to-solvent ratio, which allowed the following yields: total polyphenol content (TPC): 53.8 mg GAE/g; total flavonoid content (TFC): 5.78 mg QE/g; total monomer anthocyanin content (TMA): 11.2 mg CGE/g; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH): 71.5 mg AAE/g; IC50: 52.3 µg/mL. The study also highlighted that, during the ripening process, the TPC (41.4%), TFC (17.0%), and DPPH levels (66.4%) of the fruits decreased while the TMA yield increased. The incorporation of blackberry powder at different levels (5–20%) increased the TPC, TFC, TMA, and antioxidant properties of muffins. Although the muffins enriched with 20% wild blackberry powder had the best chemical properties (TPC: 3.15 mg GAE/g; TFC: 0.52 mg QE/g; TMA: 0.23 mg CGE/g; DPPH: 1.70 mg AAE/g; IC50: 1.65 mg/mL), the sensory analysis showed that the addition of blackberry fruit at a concentration of 10% to the muffins resulted in the best consumer acceptability.
Family Involvement Training for Staff and Family Caregivers: Case Report on Program Design and Mixed Methods Evaluation
Authors: Marion Cecilia , Manji Shazmin , Podlosky Linda , MacGillivray Heather , L’Heureux Tanya , Anderson Sharon , Parmar Jasneet
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the imperative for meaningful family involvement in long-term care, aligning with policy and safety standards while enhancing outcomes for caregivers, residents, and staff. The objectives of this article are as follows: (1) a case study report on implementing a family involvement intervention designed to facilitate the formal and safe engagement of family caregivers in resident care and (2) the pilot evaluation of the intervention. We used Knapp’s six-step implementation science model to guide and describe intervention development to provide insight for others planning family involvement projects. We employed sequential mixed methods, including surveys with quantitative and qualitative questions before and after program implementation for providers, and surveys and interviews with family caregivers a year after. We used the Mann–Whitney U test (p < 0.05) to assess differences in health providers’ perceptions pre- and post-education. Families and staff perceived that the Family Involvement Program was important for improving the quality of care, residents’ quality of life and family/staff relationships. Providers’ perceptions of the program’s positive impact on residents’ quality of life (p = 0.020) and quality of care (p = 0.010), along with their satisfaction with working relationships with families (p = 0.039), improved significantly after the program. Qualitative data confirmed improvements in family–staff relationships. In conclusion, we documented the design of this family involvement initiative to encourage family caregivers and staff to work together in residents’ care. Youville’s Family Involvement Program gives families and family caregivers an explicit role as partners in long-term care. The mixed methods pilot evaluation documented improvements in staff and family relationships.
[1]Ferrocenophane Bridged by a 9-Silafluorenylidene Moiety
Authors: Usuba Shinnosuke , Sugamata Koh , Morisako Shogo , Sasamori Takahiro
Published: February 2024

Sila[1]ferrocenophane bearing a 9-silafluorenylidene moiety (1) as a bridging unit was synthesized and isolated as a stable crystalline compound. Sila[1]ferrocenophane 1, which was newly obtained in this study, was characterized by spectroscopic analyses, a single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analysis, and electrochemical measurements. Due to the characteristic 9-silafluorenyl moiety, 1 exhibited large electron affinity and a slightly higher oxidation potential relative to that of ferrocene. In addition, 1 was found to undergo ring-opening polymerization (ROP) triggered by thermolysis at a lower temperature relative to that of Ph2Sifc (1′, fc = 1,1′-ferrocenylidene). It also underwent ROP through reduction by KC8 to give the corresponding polymeric compound. The DFT calculations suggested that one-electron reduction of 1 would promote ring-opening polymerization, as shown in the experimental results.
Clinical Outcome in Persons with Severe Mental Disorders Attending a Mental Health Day Center during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ninou Angeliki , Peritogiannis Vaios , Tzimogianni Sophia Maria , Fotopoulou Vassiliki , Bakola Maria , Jelastopulu Eleni
Published: February 2024

Background: Studies assessing the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations highlight the emergence of mental health difficulties, especially if a mental health disorder is already present. Patients with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) may be even more vulnerable to the psychosocial effects of the pandemic. However, little is known regarding the possible impact of the pandemic on SMI patients supported by community-based mental health day centers. Methods: A two-year prospective study comprising 29 individuals with SMI was conducted by the Skitali Mental Health Day Center in Ioannina, Northwest Greece. The described group of examined patients consisted mainly of psychotic patients (65.5%). Patients were assessed using the Health of Nations Outcome Scale and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, and scores prior to and after the onset of the pandemic were compared. Results: The results indicated that participants did not present any significant decline in their overall clinical status during the COVID-19 pandemic and the national lockdown measures. Conclusions: This finding is relevant because previous research has shown that the pandemic may negatively impact adherence to treatment and service attendance and that the symptomatology of patients with SMIs may further deteriorate. It is suggested that the operation of mental health day centers during collective stressful events should be preserved, but further research is needed to evaluate their role in maintaining continuity of care during such events.
Novel and Emerging LDL-C Lowering Strategies: A New Era of Dyslipidemia Management
Authors: Agnello Federica , Ingala Salvatore , Laterra Giulia , Scalia Lorenzo , Barbanti Marco
Published: February 2024

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) represents a major global health challenge, significantly contributing to mortality rates. This chronic inflammatory condition affecting blood vessels is intricately linked to hypercholesterolemia, with elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) recognized as a central and modifiable risk factor. The effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in mitigating ASCVD risk is well established, with studies revealing a substantial reduction in major ischemic events correlating with LDL-C reduction. While statins, often combined with ezetimibe, remain fundamental in dyslipidemia management, a significant proportion of patients on statin therapy continue to experience cardiovascular events. Recent pharmacological advancements, driven by a deeper understanding of atherogenesis, have unveiled novel therapeutic targets and potent drugs. Notably, agents like bempedoic acid and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors (evolocumab, alirocumab, inclisiran) have emerged as effective options to intensify LLT and achieve LDL-C goals, addressing limitations associated with statins, such as myopathy. Molecular insights into alternative pathways have spurred the investigation of emerging agents, offering promising perspectives for novel medications with efficacy comparable to established treatments, associated with advantages in cost and administration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of lipid-lowering strategies, highlighting the progress made in addressing ASCVD risk and the potential of upcoming therapies to further optimize cardiovascular prevention.
Clinical Outcomes of Maxillary Sinus Floor Perforation by Dental Implants and Sinus Membrane Perforation during Sinus Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sala Yousef Mohamed , Lu Hans , Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos
Published: February 2024

The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the clinical outcomes after the perforation of the maxillary sinus by dental implants, or after maxillary sinus membrane perforation during sinus lift procedure. Twenty-nine publications were included. Failure rates of implants in cases where perforation of sinus floor had happened (11 studies) was generally low, and only one case of transient sinusitis was reported. The estimated failure rate of these implants was 2.1% (SE 1.0%, p = 0.035). There were 1817 implants (73 failures) placed in augmented sinuses in which the sinus membrane was perforated and 5043 implants (274 failures) placed in sinuses with no perforated membrane, from 18 studies. The odds of implant failure difference between the groups were not significant (OR 1.347, p = 0.197). log OR of implant failure between perforated and non-perforated membrane groups did not significantly change with the follow-up time (−0.004/month; p = 0.500). In conclusion, implant failure rate is generally low either for implants penetrating in the floor of the maxillary sinus or implants placed in augmented sinuses in which the sinus membrane was perforated. The prevalence of postoperative infection/sinusitis is low, and it may depend either on the dimensions of the perforation or on the anatomical predisposition.
Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Second Trimester of Gravidity
Authors: Bartáková Vendula , Chalásová Katarína , Pácal Lukáš , Ťápalová Veronika , Máchal Jan , Janků Petr , Kaňková Kateřina
Published: February 2024

Background: Women with gestational diabetes (GDM) have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) after delivery. MS could precede gravidity. The aims of this study were (i) to detect the prevalence of MS in women at the time of GDM diagnosis, (ii) to detect the prevalence of MS in the subgroup of GDM patients with any form of impaired glucose tolerance after delivery (PGI), and (iii) to determine whether GDM women with MS have a higher risk of peripartal adverse outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study comprised n = 455 women with GDM. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria for MS definition were modified to the pregnancy situation. Results: MS was detected in 22.6% of GDM patients in those with PGI 40%. The presence of MS in GDM patients was associated with two peripartal outcomes: higher incidence of pathologic Apgar score and macrosomia (p = 0.01 resp. p = 0.0004, chi-square). Conclusions: The presence of MS in GDM patients is a statistically significant risk factor (p = 0.04 chi-square) for PGI. A strong clinical implication of our findings might be to include MS diagnostics within GDM screening using modified MS criteria in the second trimester of pregnancy.
Length–Weight and Body Condition Relationships of the Exploited Sea Cucumber Pearsonothuria graeffei
Authors: Hammond Alison R. , Purcell Steven W.
Published: February 2024

Fishery stock assessments are often based on morphometric data from underwater diver surveys and landing surveys. Measurements of body length are usually converted to estimates of body weight, yet length–weight equations might differ among localities. We evaluated morphometric models for the sea cucumber, Pearsonothuria graeffei, collected at Lizard Island on the northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and explored differences in relative condition factor (Kn) across animal sizes. The estimation of body weight was compared among relationships with four different body size metrics: observed body length, SLW (square root of the body length–width product), recalculated body length (Le) from SLW, and body basal area. The basal area of the animals, the SLW index and Le provided more reliable estimations for body weight than using body length alone yet accounted for half of the variation in body weight. The length–weight relationship from animals at Lizard Island differed considerably from relationships published for the same species in New Caledonia and Philippines. Body condition was variable, and our model predicted a peak at 35 cm body length. Body metrics such as basal area, SLW index, and Le could offer more precise models for estimating the body weight of sea cucumbers for fishery purposes. Equations for estimating body weight from length and width of the sea cucumbers should be based on locality-specific data because morphometric relationships are spatially variable.
Ship Speed Optimization Method in Canal Environments Considering Waiting Times for Crossing Locks
Authors: Xie Wen , Xu Sudong , Zhang Nini , Liu Jun , Yin Kai , Mao Liuyan
Published: February 2024

The shipping industry faces a pressing challenge with carbon emissions, prompting a focus on speed optimization for energy conservation and emission reduction. While much research has centered on optimizing speeds in oceans and rivers, canals have received less attention, despite their unique challenges of narrow waterways and busy locks. This study fills this gap by establishing a fuel consumption prediction model integrating key environmental factors such as water depth, width, and flow velocity. Drawing upon established methodologies in speed optimization, this study augments these models with waiting time limits for each canal segment. To validate the efficacy of the model, three representative ships are selected as case studies. The findings reveal a high predictive capability of the fuel consumption model, as evidenced by R2 values exceeding 0.97 across all cases. Notably, the optimization approach yields a fuel consumption reduction ranging from 4% to 5% for short waiting times. Furthermore, compared to conventional methods, the proposed optimization strategy achieves an 8.19% enhancement in fuel consumption and carbon emission reduction for long waiting times, culminating in an overall optimization rate of 11.54%. These results underscore the significance of employing the proposed speed optimization methodology, particularly during peak periods of canal congestion.
A Review of Cavitation Erosion on Pumps and Valves in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Gao Guiyan , Guo Shusheng , Li Derui
Published: February 2024

The cavitation erosion failure of pumps or valves induces the low efficiency and reduced service life of nuclear reactors. This paper reviews works regarding the cavitation erosion of pumps and valves in the nuclear power industry and academic research field. The cavitation erosion mechanisms of materials of pumps and valves are related to the microstructure and mechanical properties of the surface layer. The cavitation erosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel can be ten times higher than that of ferritic steel. The cavitation erosion of materials is related to the hardness, toughness, and martensitic transformation capacity. Erosion wear and erosion–corrosion research is also reviewed. Erosion wear is mainly influenced by the hardness of the material surface. Erosion–corrosion behavior is closely connected with the element composition. Measures for improving the cavitation erosion of pumps and valves are summarized in this paper. The cavitation erosion resistance of metallic materials can be enhanced by adding elements and coatings. Adhesion, inclusion content, and residual stress impact the cavitation erosion of materials with coatings.
The Win–Win Effects of an Invasive Plant Biochar on a Soil–Crop System: Controlling a Bacterial Soilborne Disease and Stabilizing the Soil Microbial Community Network
Authors: Wang Sheng , Wang Lei , Li Sicong , Zhang Tiantian , Cai Kunzheng
Published: February 2024

Biochar is increasingly being recognized as an effective soil amendment to enhance plant health and improve soil quality, but the complex relationships among biochar, plant resistance, and the soil microbial community are not clear. In this study, biochar derived from an invasive plant (Solidago canadensis L.) was used to investigate its impacts on bacterial wilt control, soil quality, and microbial regulation. The results reveal that the invasive plant biochar application significantly reduced the abundance of Ralstonia solanacearum in the soil (16.8–32.9%) and wilt disease index (14.0–49.2%) and promoted tomato growth. The biochar treatment increased the soil organic carbon, nutrient availability, soil chitinase, and sucrase activities under pathogen inoculation. The biochar did not influence the soil bacterial community diversity, but significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial organisms, such as Bacillus and Sphingomonas. Biochar application increased the number of nodes, edges, and the average degree of soil microbial symbiotic network, thereby enhancing the stability and complexity of the bacterial community. These findings suggest that the invasive plant biochar produces win–win effects on plant–soil systems by suppressing soilborne wilt disease, enhancing the stability of the soil microbial community network, and promoting resource utilization, indicating its good potential in sustainable soil management.
Identification of Germinants and Expression of Germination Genes in Clostridium perfringens Strains Isolated from Diarrheic Animals
Authors: Talukdar Prabhat K. , Alnoman Maryam , Sarker Mahfuzur R.
Published: February 2024

In this study, we investigated the spore germination phenotype of Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from diarrheic animals (animal strains). The transcripts of germination-specific genes and their protein products were also measured. Our study found the following results: (i) animal strains spores germinated at a slower rate with AK (mixture of L-asparagine and KCl), L-cysteine, or L-lysine, but the extent of germination varied based on strains and germinants used; (ii) none of the amino acids (excluding L-cysteine and L-lysine) were identified as a universal germinant for spores of animal strains; (iii) animal strain spores germinated better at a pH range of 6.0–7.0; (iv) all tested germination-specific genes were expressed in animal strains; the levels of expression of major germinant receptor gene (gerKC) were higher and the cortex hydrolysis machinery genes (cspB and sleC) were lower in animal strains, compared to the food poisoning strain SM101; and (v) the levels of CspB and SleC were significantly lower in spores of animal strains compared to strain SM101, suggesting that these animal strains lack an efficient spore cortex hydrolysis machinery. In summary, our findings suggest that the poor or slow spore germination in C. perfringens animal strains might be due to incomplete spore cortex hydrolysis.
Transcriptional Changes in Damask Rose Suspension Cell Culture Revealed by RNA Sequencing
Authors: Cho Won Kyong , Choi Hoseong , Kim Soo-Yun , Kim Euihyun , Paek Seung Hye , Kim Jiyeon , Song Jihyeok , Heo Kyoungyeon , Min Jiae , Jo Yeonhwa , Lee Jeong Hun , Moh Sang Hyun
Published: February 2024

Damask roses (Rosa x damascena) are widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceutics. Here, we established an in vitro suspension cell culture for calli derived from damask rose petals. We analyzed rose suspension cell transcriptomes obtained at two different time points by RNA sequencing to reveal transcriptional changes during rose suspension cell culture. Of the 580 coding RNAs (1.3%) highly expressed in the suspension rose cells, 68 encoded cell wall-associated proteins. However, most RNAs encoded by the chloroplasts and mitochondria are not expressed. Many highly expressed coding RNAs are involved in translation, catalyzing peptide synthesis in ribosomes. Moreover, the amide metabolic process producing naturally occurring alkaloids was the most abundant metabolic process during the propagation of rose suspension cells. During rose cell propagation, coding RNAs involved in the stress response were upregulated at an early stage, while coding RNAs associated with detoxification and transmembrane transport were upregulated at the late stage. We used transcriptome analyses to reveal important biological processes and molecular mechanisms during rose suspension cell culture. Most non-coding (nc) RNAs were not expressed in the rose suspension cells, but a few ncRNAs with unknown functions were highly expressed. The expression of ncRNAs and their target coding RNAs was highly correlated. Taken together, we revealed significant biological processes and molecular mechanisms occurring during rose suspension cell culture using transcriptome analyses.
The Prediction of Flow Stress in the Hot Compression of a Ni-Cr-Mo Steel Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Pan Tao , Song Chengmin , Gao Zhiyu , Xia Tian , Wang Tianqi
Published: February 2024

The constitutive model refers to the mapping relationship between the stress and deformation conditions (such as strain, strain rate, and temperature) after being loaded. In this work, the hot deformation behavior of a Ni-Cr-Mo steel was investigated by conducting isothermal compression tests using a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator with deformation temperatures ranging from 800 °C to 1200 °C, strain rates ranging from 0.01 s−1 to 10 s−1, and deformations of 55%. To analyze the constitutive relation of the Ni-Cr-Mo steel at high temperatures, five machine learning algorithms were employed to predict the flow stress, namely, back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN), Random Committee, Bagging, k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), and a library for support vector machines (libSVM). A comparative study between the experimental and the predicted results was performed. The results show that correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute value error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and average absolute relative error (AARE) obtained from the Random Committee on the testing set are 0.98897, 8.00808 MPa, 5.54244 MPa, 64.12927 MPa2 and 5.67135%, respectively, whereas the metrics obtained via other algorithms are all inferior to the Random Committee. It suggests that the Random Committee can predict the flow stress of the steel more effectively.
Implementation of a High-Sensitivity Global Navigation Satellite System Receiver on a System-on-Chip Field-Programmable Gate Array Platform
Authors: Majoral Marc , Arribas Javier , Fernández-Prades Carles
Published: February 2024

This paper presents the design, proof-of-concept implementation, and preliminary performance assessment of an affordable real-time High-Sensitivity (HS) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. Specifically tailored to capture and track weak Galileo E1b/c signals, this receiver aims to support research endeavors focused on advancing GNSS signal processing algorithms, particularly in scenarios characterized by pronounced signal attenuation. Leveraging System-on-Chip Field-Programmable Gate Array (SoC-FPGA) technology, this design merges the adaptability of Software Defined Radio (SDR) concepts with the the robust hardware processing capabilities of FPGAs. This innovative approach enhances power efficiency compared to conventional designs relying on general-purpose processors, thereby facilitating the development of embedded software-defined receivers. Within this architecture, we implemented a modular GNSS baseband processing engine, offering a versatile platform for the integration of novel algorithms. The proposed receiver undergoes testing with live signals, showcasing its capability to process GNSS signals even in challenging scenarios with a carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0) as low as 20 dB-Hz, while delivering navigation solutions. This work contributes to the advancement of low-cost, high-sensitivity GNSS receivers, providing a valuable tool for researchers engaged in the development, testing, and validation of experimental GNSS signal processing techniques.
Bayesian Averaging Evaluation Method of Accelerated Degradation Testing Considering Model Uncertainty Based on Relative Entropy
Authors: Zou Tianji , Wu Wenbo , Liu Kai , Wang Ke , Lv Congmin
Published: February 2024

To evaluate the lifetime and reliability of long-life, high-reliability products under limited resources, accelerated degradation testing (ADT) technology has been widely applied. Furthermore, the Bayesian evaluation method for ADT can comprehensively utilize historical information and overcome the limitations caused by small sample sizes, garnering significant attention from scholars. However, the traditional ADT Bayesian evaluation method has inherent shortcomings and limitations. Due to the constraints of small samples and an incomplete understanding of degradation mechanisms or accelerated mechanisms, the selected evaluation model may be inaccurate, leading to potentially inaccurate evaluation results. Therefore, describing and quantifying the impact of model uncertainty on evaluation results is a challenging issue that urgently needs resolution in the theoretical research of ADT Bayesian methods. This article addresses the issue of model uncertainty in the ADT Bayesian evaluation process. It analyzes the modeling process of ADT Bayesian and proposes a new model averaging evaluation method for ADT Bayesian based on relative entropy, which, to a certain extent, can resolve the issue of evaluation inaccuracy caused by model selection uncertainty. This study holds certain theoretical and engineering application value for conducting ADT Bayesian evaluation under model uncertainty.
Investigating Barriers to Low-Carbon Policy Implementation among Mining Companies in Ghana
Authors: Adom Seth , Matsui Kenichi
Published: February 2024

Efforts for carbon emission reduction have been identified as a major climate change mitigation target in the Paris Agreement. The 26th Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change highlighted the worldwide effort for cleaner and greener mining, urging the mineral industry to embrace greener operational emissions reduction technologies and strategies. At the Paris Conference, Ghana pledged to reduce CO2 emissions by 15% and increase its renewable energy share to 10% of the national energy mix. Ghana’s efforts to implement a low-carbon policy were, however, hampered for several reasons. Ghana is Africa’s leading and the world’s seventh largest gold producer. Mining has contributed significantly to foreign currency acquisition and government revenue. The gold mining sector contributes approximately 95% of Ghana’s total mineral revenue. Considering these situations, the fundamental question is how Ghana’s mining industry can contribute to CO2 emission reduction efforts. This paper investigates barriers to low-carbon emission policy implementation among mining companies in Ghana. We adopted 5-point Likert scale statement questions. The questionnaire survey was conducted among Ghana’s four large-scale gold mining companies. As the sample number of available companies is limited, we used a descriptive analysis to assess the responses. The results show that the companies expressed widely different ways to respond to the issues of cost, a government policy for carbon emission reduction, and the acquisition of low-carbon technologies. Those companies that are relatively less prepared for this endeavor emphasized the uncertainties of securing sufficient energy in case of using low-carbon technologies. They also expressed a need for more trained workers to handle low-carbon technologies. We found that a major challenge among companies was the expected cost involved in implementing a low-carbon emission policy. There was a communication gap with the relevant government ministry about low-carbon mining options where the government should be able to facilitate the involvement of low-carbon technology providers, such as solar Photovoltaics installation.
Impact of Leader’s Goal Framing on Followership Behavior: The Role of Work Meaning and Power Dependence
Authors: Xia Miao , Shi Wei , Wang Fulin
Published: February 2024

While there is growing interest in leader–follower relationships in the leadership literature, little is known about how a leader’s framing effect triggers employees’ proactive behaviors. This research aims to extend previous knowledge about the effects of leaders’ goal framing and uncover their potential impacts on followership behaviors. Drawing on social information processing theory, this study proposes that both types of goal framing (gaining and losing) indirectly influence employees’ followership behaviors by mobilizing their sense of work meaning, especially when they have a power dependence on their leaders, using the method of questionnaire measurement, CFA analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and the bootstrap tested hypotheses. The results show that gain framing indirectly contributes to employees’ followership behaviors by enhancing work meaning. Furthermore, this positive indirect relationship is stronger for employees with high power dependence. Yet another finding reveals that loss framing negatively impacts followership behavior by reducing employees’ sense of work meaning, which is unaffected by power dependence. From the perspective of the framing effect, this study verifies the influence of goal framing on employees’ behaviors and illustrates the effect of work meaning as a mechanism of goal framing on followership behavior.
Exploring the Factors Influencing Continuance Intention to Use AI Drawing Tools: Insights from Designers
Authors: Fan Pujunqian , Jiang Qianling
Published: February 2024

With the continuous evolution of artificial intelligence technology, AI drawing tools have emerged as highly esteemed instruments in the modern design industry. These tools, owing to their exceptional performance and innovative features, offer creators an unprecedented artistic experience. However, the factors influencing designers’ continuance intention to use AI drawing tools remain ambiguous. This study is grounded in the expectation–confirmation model–information systems continuance (ECM-ISC) model, which is further refined and hypothesized in light of the characteristics of AI drawing tools. Using structural equation modeling, we analyzed 398 valid questionnaire responses. The results elucidated the relationships of key constructs, such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, satisfaction, expectation confirmation, perceived playfulness, perceived switching cost, subjective norms, and perceived risk, on designers’ continuance intention. Notably, perceived ease of use, traditionally considered vital, did not result in a significant influence on continuance intention or perceived usefulness in this research. This insight offers new perspectives for AI drawing tool developers and designers, suggesting that while pursuing user friendliness, broader considerations affecting user decisions should be taken into account. This study not only enriches the theoretical framework but also provides valuable guidance for the practical field.
Chemical Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Associated Human Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Gutai Mountains, Romania
Authors: Dippong Thomas , Resz Maria-Alexandra
Published: February 2024

Chemical data compiled from field and laboratory studies were analysed on drinking water sources from a mountain area (Gutai Mountains) in Romania. Six physico-chemical indicators, nine anions, and twenty-one metals were determined and analysed. The results of this study showed that waters are generally rich in NH4+ and NO2−, exceeding the recommended limit of 0.5 mg NH4+/L, while some waters are rich in As, Cd, Mn and Pb, but with concentrations below the limits concerning the use of waters with drinking purposes. The applied heavy metal pollution indices (scores: 0.56–47.9) indicate that more than 50% of samples are characterized by medium pollution degrees. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that geological and human activities were influential in enriching the studied waters with the chemicals considered. Emphasizing this aspect related to pollution sources and the importance of a clean chemical status that must characterize waters used for drinking purposes, a human health risk assessment for heavy metals was implemented. The results indicated that even though the studied waters are rich in heavy metals, scores related to the risk assessment of heavy metals indicated a lack of non-carcinogenic risks for As, Mn, Cd and Cu. Nevertheless, this study and the results obtained are significant at national and international levels by offering a perspective on determining the potential pollution and associated human health risks at heavy metals in drinking water sources from a mountain area.
BREEDING FOR HIGHER FIBRE QUALITY TRAITS IN UPLAND COTTON THROUGH LINE × TESTER ANALYSIS
Authors: Mangi Ghulam Shabir , Soomro Zahoor Ahmed , Jatoi Wajid Ali , Chachar Qamar-Ur-Din , Mari Shah Nawaz
Published: February 2024

The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at Shah Abdul Latif Experimental Farm, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. Employing a line × tester mating design in upland cotton (Gossypium hirutum L.), twenty-one cross combinations were obtained from seven females and three males. F1 and F2 generations, along with their parents, were sown in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2012-13 and 2013-14. Studied traits included lint yield (g) per plant, G.O.T (%), staple length (mm), fiber fineness (mic.value), and fiber strength (g/tex). Throughout the growing period, recommended cultural practices were followed. Analysis of variance revealed high significance for genotypes, parents, crosses, and their interactions (P×C) for all traits. In the F1 generation, lint yield and staple length under line × tester (L×T) were highly significant. For the F2 generation, genotypes, parents, crosses, and P×C were highly significant for all traits except G.O.T%, where lines, testers, and L×T were highly significant for all traits except G.O.T%. Cross VH-292 × VH-291 excelled in lint yield per plant, while CRIS-342 × IR-3701 demonstrated superior fiber fineness and strength. VH-292 × VH-291 also displayed higher lint yield per plant, while CRIS-342 × FH-113 exhibited longer staple length with increased fiber fineness. Significant mean squares for genotypes (parents, crosses, and parents × crosses) indicate the data's utility for assessing parental performance, hybrid evaluation, heterotic effects, and inbreeding depression.
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Authors: Alqarni Mohammed
Published: February 2024

Semantic search is the process of retrieving relevant information from a large corpus of texts based on the meaning and context of the query. This paper is introduced in order to explore the use of large language models for semantic search of Quranic texts. The Quran, which is the central religious text of Islam, contains rich and complex linguistic and semantic features that pose challenges for traditional keyword-based search methods. This study investigates a semantic search approach utilizing. Large Language Models (LLM) embedding and assess the performance of LLM embedding in comparison to a baseline embedding-based search method using a set of queries that represent different semantic search levels. In addition, this study will also discuss the limitations and implications of using large language models for semantic search of Quranic texts and suggest directions for future research. A significant finding in this study is the consistent effectiveness of the LLM embedding across varying semantic complexities. This suggests that embedding using LLMs can capture deep semantic connections effectively. On the other hand, as a second finding, the state-of-the-art transformer, AraT5, outperforms LLM embeddings in low-level semantic searches, indicating potential for further LLM fine-tuning on Arabic text corpora
"Regards décoloniaux" : une introduction
Authors: Rossinelli Fabio , Lévy Bertrand
Published: February 2024

Comment la géographie et l'histoire deviennent postcoloniales et décoloniales, après avoir été coloniales durant le XIXe et le début du XXe siècle ? Comment Le Globe, fondé en 1860, a-t-il suivi ce mouvement ? Quel est l''engagement politique que suppose une telle transformation ? Telles sont les questions principales auxquelles répond cet article, qui discute les contributions thématiques de ce numéro.
Prenses Bilge’nin Türbesindeki Yazıt Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: WURİGENBAOYİN Wurigenbaoyin , TÜMENBAYAR Zagarperenlei
Published: February 2024

In the tomb of Princess Bilgä, who held a prominent position in the Second Turkic Khaganate, an extraordinary inscription spanning 23 lines, each containing 23 characters, extolled her beauty and wisdom. This monumental inscription, measuring 7.5 cm in thickness and 60 x 60 cm in dimensions, is adorned with intricate floral motifs on all four sides. Discovered in 1983 within the residence of a local farmer residing in the town of Luozhou, located in the Fujou district of China’s Fujian province, known as Dayan Qian, this historical artifact is now carefully preserved within the Fujou County Museum. Remarkably, the inscription concludes with a dedication, etched in bold characters, declaring it as the “Memorial Stone of Jichu (激秋) Palace, distinguished for its exquisite calligraphy and artistic significance.” Researchers have subsequently affirmed that this marks the ownership of Chen Chenshi, the father of Chen Bao Chen, who was a mentor to Puyi Emperor. In this comprehensive study, our aim is to shed light on the significant historical narrative encapsulated within the monumental inscription found in the tomb of Princess Bilgä of the Second Turkic Khaganate. We also endeavor to translate this inscription into Old Turkic and present it to the global scientific community, contributing to our collective understanding of this remarkable historical artifact.
Alan, S. Budist Uygur Metinlerinde ‘Savaş Aletleri’, Tematik ve Dilsel İnceleme. Çanakkale: Paradigma Akademi Yayınları, 2023, ss. 230. ISBN: 978-625-6822-42-9.
Authors: DERE Oktay
Published: February 2024

Alan, S. Budist Uygur Metinlerinde ‘Savaş Aletleri’, Tematik ve Dilsel İnceleme. Çanakkale: Paradigma Akademi Yayınları, 2023, ss. 230. ISBN: 978-625-6822-42-9
Tsend, Battulga. Mongolyn runi bichgiin dursgalyn shine sudalgaa I-III. Ulaanbaatar: Admon Yayınevi, 2022, ss. I: 216, II: 248, III: 184. ISBN: 978-9919-26-908-1, 978-9919-26-964-7, 978-9919-26-965-4.
Authors: TÜMENBAYAR Zagarperenlei
Published: February 2024

Tsend, Battulga. Mongolyn runi bichgiin dursgalyn shine sudalgaa I-III. Ulaanbaatar: Admon Yayınevi, 2022, ss. I: 216, II: 248, III: 184. ISBN: 978-9919-26-908-1, 978-9919-26-964-7, 978-9919-26-965-4.
Eine neue Interpretation des uigurischen Fragments Ch/U 7475
Authors: ZİEME Peter
Published: February 2024

The recto side of Ch/U 7475 from the Berlin Turfan Collection is part of a Chinese block print of the Vajraśekhara-sūtra. On its verso side there is a Tantric Uighur text fragment which was first edited by W. Radloff and recently by A. Yakup. Despite its clear script, interpretation discrepancies persist due to the fact that similar pieces have not been found.
Is the Austrian School Value-Free? On the Dependence of Austrian Economics on Political Philosophy
Authors: Slenzok Norbert , Dominiak Łukasz
Published: February 2024

Austrian economists tend to declare that their economics is value-free. The present article argues that it is not. As we show, the basic conceptual framework employed by Austrian economists in their putatively value-free studies is actually embedded in libertarian political philosophy. Specifically, a major notion of Austrian economic analysis—that is, the notion of free (voluntary) exchange—presupposes Lockean property rights. Accordingly, Austrians define all concepts derivative of free exchange (e.g., free market, socialism, interventionism, calculational chaos, monopoly, social welfare) in terms of just distributions of ownership titles. However, instead of eschewing the value-laden component of their economics, Austrians may openly embrace it, for their theory is naturally predisposed to axiological nonneutrality.
Factores asociados a la deserción escolar en la Unidad Educativa Vicente Anda Aguirre, Ecuador
Authors: Amancha-Poveda Juan Carlos , Hernández-Junco Varna
Published: February 2024

El objetivo de la investigación es determinar los factores asociados a la deserción escolar de los estudiantes de una unidad educativa del cantón Mocha de la provincia Tungurahua. El estudio tiene enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental de corte transversal y de alcance descriptivo. Se utiliza el análisis documental, cuestionario y entrevista. La población está constituida por 152 estudiantes de noveno y décimo año, 40 estudiantes que abandonaron sus estudios, de los cuales participaron 17 y 12 docentes que fueron entrevistados. Los principales factores asociados a la deserción escolar son: familiares (ingresos económicos, rol del estudiante en el hogar en el desempeño de actividades no acordes a su edad), personales (obligaciones a temprana edad), culturales (migración de integrantes de la familia) e institucionales (bajo apoyo en actividades no académicas o extracurriculares).
Inclusión y el mejoramiento del espacio educativo en el aula
Authors: Jumbo-Jumbo Jacqueline Janeth
Published: February 2024

El propósito de este estudio se enfocó en reflexionar sobre la inclusión y el mejoramiento del espacio educativo en el aula. Metodológicamente, se llevó a cabo bajo un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y se aplicó una encuesta complementada con la observación, a fin detallar las vivencias de los estudiantes en sus aulas de clase. La muestra estuvo conformada por 20 docentes y 50 estudiantes de primaria pertenecientes a diversas escuelas. De los resultados derivaron aspectos como: la promoción de la igualdad desde la infancia, la educación como pilar del desarrollo humano, la educación inclusiva y social y la inclusión como sinónimo de calidad. A manera de conclusión, se reconoció la importancia de abrazar la diversidad en el aula como un activo enriquecedor para el aprendizaje y el desarrollo.