bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dangers to the Colony: Loose women and the "poor white" problem in Kenya
Authors: Jackson Will
Published: July 2013

While a great deal of recent scholarship has focused on the problematic presence of so-called "poor whites" across the European colonial empires, comparatively little work has tackled their presence in Kenya. In part this may be explained by the force of Kenya's contemporary reputation as a destination for socialites and aristocrats. Yet it also reflects the fact that, until 1939, attempts by authorities to minimise the "poor white" presence succeeded. This article argues that only after this point, when existing social control mechanisms fell redundant, did a "poor white" problem in Kenya emerge. Yet to understand "poor whites" simply in terms of an anomalous conjunction of (White) race and (low) class is analytically insufficient. What the evidence presented here shows is that endeavours to manage "poor whites" centred on the management of women. Deviance was gendered. "Poor white" men were doubtless problematic in the settler colony but women, as mothers, produced them. The disciplining of a White female subjectivity demanded the policing of female deviants first of all. While there is evidence of "poor white" men throughout the history of colonial Kenya, it was only during the years of the Second World War that "poor white" women came to government attention. The endeavour to control them, moreover, brought with it the discovery of a "poor white" problem and a racialised welfare project designed to resolve it.
Visual Riposte: Looking Back at the Return of the Gaze as Postcolonial Theory’s Gift to Film Studies
Authors: Amad Paula
Published: July 2013

This article examines the theoretical and historical background of the return-of-the-gaze phenomenon in film studies and in film practice, especially within the articulation between postcolonial and visual studies, and discusses its limitations and potentialities through a case study of films made by Father Francis Aupiais in Benin in 1929–1930.
Frustrated Climaxes: On Maya Deren’s Meshes of the Afternoon and Witch’s Cradle
Authors: Keller Sarah
Published: July 2013

Maya Deren’s oeuvre includes several unfinished works. This article considers one of those projects, Witch’s Cradle (1943), alongside her most celebrated (and finished) film, Meshes of the Afternoon (1943), to demonstrate how the notion of incompletion functions as part of Deren’s working method and overall aesthetic.
Media Fantasies: Women, Mobility, and Silent-Era Japanese Ballad Films
Authors: Lewis Diane Wei
Published: July 2013

This article examines images of suffering women as the locus for fantasies of mobility in two silent-era Japanese ballad films ( kouta eiga ), Gion Ballad (Kanemori Banshō, 1930) and Misasa Ballad (Hitomi Kichinosuke, 1929), tracing the various forms of “displacement” that organize their intermedial construction and their depictions of the uneven geography of modernizing Japan.
“Independence,” Industrial Authorship, and Professional Entrepreneurship: Representing and Reorganizing Television Writing in the FCC Media Ownership Reviews
Authors: Heuman Josh
Published: July 2013

In recent Federal Communications Commission reviews of media ownership rules, television writers unsuccessfully campaigned for a prime-time set-aside for “independent” programs. This article approaches the campaign as a structured negotiation of writers’ industrial authorship, which exploited institutional contradictions across the field while also betraying instabilities in the concept of independence itself.
Raymond Williams on Film
Authors: Polan Dana
Published: July 2013

While Raymond Williams’s television study is foundational for the field, less known is that Williams wrote extensively—and intelligently—on cinema. Based in large part on research in the Raymond Williams Papers at Swansea University, Wales, this essay offers a genealogy of Williams’s continued engagement with film as cultural form.
“A Remarkable Adventure”: Martin Luther and the 1950s Religious Marketplace
Authors: Chyutin Dan
Published: July 2013

Theatrically released in 1953, the church-funded biopic Martin Luther (Irving Pichel) was designed to exceed the narrow confines of the Christian film market and successfully compete with Hollywood products. This article positions the film’s unique accomplishments in relation to postwar America’s spiritual turn and reveals how the case of Martin Luther may illuminate our general understanding of the uneasy relationship between organized religion and mass media.
Why Students Procrastinate: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Klingsieck Katrin B. , Grund Axel , Schmid Sebastian , Fries Stefan
Published: July 2013

In this study we adopted an impartial view on academic procrastination in order to gain new insights for the development of intervention programs. Following a qualitative approach, we thereby explored antecedents of procrastination by attending to the actual voices and experiences of 29 students. Students’ subjective theories were in line with some antecedents that previous research had addressed (lack of motivation or volitional control), but also revealed relatively new aspects of academic procrastination that concern students’ social relatedness and task competence. Considering these findings, we suggest ideas on how to assist students and how to design intervention programs.
Self-Segregation or Global Mixing?: Social Interactions and the International Student Experience
Authors: Rose-Redwood CindyAnn R. , Rose-Redwood Reuben S.
Published: July 2013

This qualitative study examines the social interaction patterns among international students at a large research university in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Based on semistructured interviews with 60 international graduate students, the researchers provide a conceptual framework that identifies 4 primary types of social interactions that shape international student experiences at US higher education institutions: self-segregation, exclusive global mixing, inclusive global mixing, and host interaction. The results indicate that conceptions of cultural identity as well as alternative forms of social capital play a crucial role in the formation of international social networks within a university setting.

This qualitative study examines the social interaction patterns among international students at a large research university in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Based on semistructured interviews with 60 international graduate students, the researchers provide a conceptual framework that identifies 4 primary types of social interactions that shape international student experiences at U.S. higher education institutions: self-segregation, exclusive global mixing, inclusive global mixing, and host interaction. The results indicate that conceptions of cultural identity as well as alternative forms of social capital play a crucial role in the formation of international social networks within a university setting.
Financial Literacy Among Israeli College Students
Authors: Shahrabani Shosh
Published: July 2013

In this study, responses of 574 students from two colleges in Israel were used to examine three issues: (a) financial literacy (FL) among Israeli college students, (b) gaps in FL between Jews and Arabs, and (c) factors affecting students’ FL. The results showed that Israeli students exhibit a low level of FL and that FL is affected by gender, nationality, class rank, work experience, and college major. In addition, the study revealed large gaps in FL between Jews and Arabs.
Are College Students Replacing Dating and Romantic Relationships With Hooking Up?
Authors: Siebenbruner Jessica
Published: July 2013

This study assessed female college students’ (N = 197) participation in dating, romantic relationships, hooking up behaviors, and the intersection of these activities. Hooking up was prevalent among students (n = 78; 39.6%), but dating (n = 139; 70.6%) and romantic relationship (n = 147; 74.6%) involvement were even more prevalent. Those who hooked up were more likely to be involved in dating and romantic relationships compared to their counterparts. Hooking up does not appear to substitute for dating and romantic relationships for those who hook up.
Understanding International Graduate Students’ Acculturation Using Q Methodology
Authors: Bang Hyeyoung , Montgomery Diane
Published: July 2013

When students from other countries come to the United States to study, social, cultural, and often academic adjustments are necessary to foster their successful integration into college and university life. Using multiple theories of personal adaptability (social, emotional, cultural, communication), a Q sort of 47 statements was sorted by 21 international students studying at a Midwestern land-grant university. The procedures of Q method were followed to yield 3 resultant factors, which were interpreted as Confident, Appreciative, and Apprehensive Optimists. Implications for student development and programs to facilitate success for international students are evident.
La Importancia de la Hermandad Latina : Examining the Psychosociocultural Influences of Latina-Based Sororities on Academic Persistence Decisions
Authors: Delgado-Guerrero Marla , Gloria Alberta M.
Published: July 2013

Using a psychosociocultural (PSC) approach, we examined how self-beliefs, social support, and cultural fit influenced the academic persistence decisions of 115 Latina sorority members. Upper-division Latinas reported higher self-efficacy than lower-division Latinas; however, lower-division students reported higher college stress and more perceived social support from their sorority sisters than their upper-division counterparts. Yet the relationship of perceived social support from sorority sisters and academic persistence decisions was stronger for the upper-division Latinas than the lower-division. Finally, the PSC dimensions collectively accounted for 43% of the variance of academic persistence decisions, with the self-beliefs dimension individually accounting for the most variance; perception of the university environment, however, emerged as the single strongest predictor. Implications for student affairs professionals and Latina sorority members and nonmembers are discussed.
The Effects of Academic Programs and Institutional Characteristics on Postgraduate Civic Engagement Behavior
Authors: Ishitani Terry T. , McKitrick Sean A.
Published: July 2013

While monetary benefits from higher education are extensive, there appears to be an absence of empirical evidence on how higher education contributes to civic engagement behavior after college. This study investigated the relationship between college characteristics of students completing a bachelor’s degree, such as academic programs and types of institutions, and their postgraduate civic engagement behavior. Coupled with hierarchical linear modeling, a sample of 2,443 college graduates drawn from a national database was used in this study. After controlling for collegiate volunteer behavior and other student demographic characteristics, study results suggest that students’ academic programs were found to significantly impact civic engagement after college.
The Politics and Institutionalization of Panethnic Identity
Authors: Ah Kwon Soo
Published: July 2013

This article analyzes an underexamined aspect in Asian American studies: the depoliticization and nonprofitization of “Asian American” as a racial category since the civil rights era. It examines the institutionalization of Asian American political demands as part of neoliberal restructuring and management of minority populations. It argues for an understanding of this history of incorporation to examine contemporary Asian American nonprofit organizations and their impact on community politics and formations. Drawing on an example of a controversy that took place over the inclusion of “Pacific” at an Asian cultural center, the article investigates the depoliticization of panethnic racial identifications and the potential use of them as a political strategy. Referring to the actions among a panethnic group of Asian and Pacific Islander youth activists, the author argues for the use of flexible and contingent political racial identifications for social justice and racial inclusion.
Racial Naturalization, Advertising, and Model Consumers for a New Millennium
Authors: Shankar Shalini
Published: July 2013

In this article I introduce the term “racial naturalization” to address the ways in which contemporary advertisements depict Asian Americans as model citizens with distinct cultural and linguistic traditions. Through the analogy of naturalization, I draw attention to the capitalist processes of legitimization that make Asian Americans a vital part of multicultural advertising, and how Asian American ad executives contribute to mass-mediated representation. Presenting ethnographic data collected in Asian American ad agencies, I discuss how ad executives construct naturalized representations of race and perform naturalized racial identities, and explore the effects of these activities on Asian American racial formation.
Relevance of Race: Children and the Shifting Engagement with Racial/Ethnic Identity among Second-Generation Interracially Married Asian Americans
Authors: Chong Kelly H.
Published: July 2013

Asian Americans have historically enjoyed one of the highest rates of intermarriage of any racial/ethnic group. By exploring the dynamics of interracial marriages among middle-class, professional Asian Americans in Chicago, this article examines what interracial marriages mean for these putative racial/ethnic “boundary crossers” and what they signify about assimilation, racial/ethnic identity, and redrawing of color boundaries in America. This article finds that for Asian Americans in this study, interracial marriage is far from an unproblematic indicator of assimilation; rather, it is a terrain in which complex subjective negotiations over ethnic/racial identities are waged over lifetimes. For both female and male Asian Americans, personal struggles over racial/ethnic identity are thrown into full relief when they begin the process of raising mixed-race children, which forces a reexamination of their own identities, and of those of their children. This article makes a distinctive contribution to the interrelationship of intermarriage, race, and ethnic identity development by comparing the views of Asian Americans and those of their non-Asian spouses regarding marital dynamics and children, which helps to further illuminate the uniqueness of the Asian American experience.
Reasons for the Commandments as Contemplative Practice in Maimonides
Authors: Seeman Don
Published: July 2013

Reasons for the commandments or ta’ame ha-mitsvot are among the most controversial aspects of Moses Maimonides’ expansive literary corpus. This article does not consider the specific content of Maimonides’ reasons for the commandments, but focuses instead on the structural importance of this theme to his broader oeuvre. In Sefer ha-mitsvot, Maimonides argues that reflection upon the divine wisdom manifest in the commandments leads to contemplative pleasure and love of God. I argue that this passage provides an important but frequently overlooked key to Maimonides’ later discussion of this theme in his Guide of the Perplexed. In particular, I argue that Maimonides’ reflection upon reasons for the commandments must be understood in light of the Aristotelian mandate to contemplate virtue and virtuous acts. While other writers developed ta’ame ha-mitsvot in an apologetic vein, Maimonides treats reflection upon the reasons for the commandments as a full-blown philosophical and contemplative practice contributing to human perfection and love of God.
Was There Really a Rava II?: (A Re-Examination of the Talmudic Evidence)
Authors: Cohen Barak S.
Published: July 2013

This article reevaluates the claim that thirty statements attributed to a sage named Rava in the Bavli originated with a Babylonian sage later than the prevalent Rava. We have not found any evidence to support such a claim, making superfluous the attempt to identify whether this purported Rava II is an amora, Sabora or Gaon. I argue that the key to identifying Rava in these passages is to be found in close analysis of the interpretive and legal/halakhic methodologies exhibited by the sage whose statements are found in these places. Indeed, the collections of material that scholars have attributed to Rava II exhibit a methodology which is entirely characteristic of the known Rava (from the fourth generation), both in terms of halakhic rulings and in terms of interpretive strategy. Beyond the importance of this conclusion as to the proper ascription of this talmudic material, there are more general consequences to these findings, specifically with regard to the general relationship between amoraic statements and the anonymous strata of the Bavli.
Music, Acculturation, and Haskalah between Berlin and Königsberg in the 1780s
Authors: Sela-Teichler Yael
Published: July 2013

Of all the works written in 1786 in memory of Moses Mendelssohn, the elegiac cantata, Sulamith und Eusebia was the only one set to music, and that by a young Jewish musician, Carl Bernhard Wessely, to a text by the renowned German poet, Karl Wilhelm Ramler. Having been twice successfully performed in Berlin, it was the third performance of the piece, organized in 1787 by the maskilic Society of Friends of the Hebrew Literature in Königsberg, which gained the most far-reaching resonance. The Maskilim had not previously –nor consequently –shown a concern for music, and considering the traditional ambivalence toward music in Ashkenazi Judaism, their engagement with the concert raises questions regarding attitudes to music and aesthetics in the Haskala and the role of music in the Jewish Enlightenment in general during the last quarter of the eighteenth century. Tracing these events, the article begins to explore the significance of music, more than any other art, in early modern German-Jewish acculturation against the backdrop of the discourse about the civic improvement of the Jews and the politics of emancipation in Prussia during the 1780s. Focusing on the Königsberg performance of the cantata in 1787 in particular, the article sheds light on the complexities within enlightened Jewish circles in Berlin and Königsberg. Methodologically, the article demonstrates how music and aesthetics offer a historical prism that allows for a more differentiated view of the complexities that mark the Jewish Enlightenment and European Jewish modernization, its various cultural and ideological strands.
Hasidism and Cemetery Inauguration Ceremonies: Authority, Magic, and Performance of Charismatic Leadership
Authors: Sagiv Gadi
Published: July 2013

Allocation of new grounds for a cemetery is part of a rich fabric of rituals performed in cemeteries in Judaism, as well as in other cultures. Such an activity would seem to be a routine event, no cause for concern, as natural population growth demands occasional expansion. However, in times of plague, when the death rate increased quickly, the need to expand a cemetery grew pressing, and the allocation of new grounds was associated with communal distress. This paper discusses a ceremony of inaugurating a new cemetery or an expansion of an old cemetery, which was performed in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Eastern European Jewish communities. This ritual was perceived to be hasidic in origin, and in some areas was performed only by hasidic leaders. The paper begins by presenting the precepts of the ritual, some of its possible contexts, sources and functions, and continues with a discussion of some of its channels of reception and dissemination and a case-study of its performance. The discussion then turns to the significance of the performance of this ritual by hasidic tsaddiks. The role of this performance within the social fabric of Jewish communities in Eastern Europe will be presented, followed by a discussion of some public and performative aspects of this ritual. By investigating an unexplored particular ritual, this paper also seeks to learn about nineteenth-century Hasidism in general.
Restructuring and Clause Structure in Isbukun Bunun
Authors: Wu Hsiao-hung Iris
Published: July 2013

This paper studies the restructuring phenomenon in Isbukun Bunun, which exhibits special morphology and syntax that distinguish it from sentences containing common infinitives. I demonstrate that a subclass of predicates should be analyzed as restructuring predicates in Isbukun Bunun, since they apparently create transparent domains for syntactic operations such as passivization and clitic placement. I argue that the lack of clause-boundedness effects in restructuring follows trivially from the functionally impoverished structure of the restructuring infinitives, so that this construction lacks clausal properties throughout the derivation.
The Higher Phylogeny of Austronesian: A Response to Winter
Authors: Sagart Laurent
Published: July 2013

This paper is a response to criticism by Winter in an earlier issue of this journal of Sagart’s discussion of the higher phylogeny of Austronesian. I give examples outside of Austronesian of compound numerals being affected by several apparently irregular changes; argue that the number of changes proposed in my Austronesian model is realistic; explain the order of establishment of disyllabic numerals as depending on two factors, cardinal order and number of competitors; give Austronesian examples showing that the drive to disyllabism does apply to morphologically complex forms; and ascribe the limited similarities between the phylogenies of Blust and Ross to chance. Finally, I claim that the only realistic explanation of the nesting of six related isoglosses is a sequence of innovations.
Development of Reason and Cause Markers in Oceanic
Authors: Lichtenberk Frantisek
Published: July 2013

Proto-Oceanic had a transitive verb *suRi ‘follow, be in motion behind somebody/something’, ‘accompany’. This verb underwent several grammaticalization processes. It developed into a preposition with the sense ‘(motion) in the direction of X’, a preposition whose meaning can be broadly characterized as ‘concerning’, including the marking of locutional topics, and into a reason/cause preposition and clause marker. After discussion of the semantic aspects of *suRi and its reflexes in various Oceanic languages, the paper focuses on the development of the reason/cause marking functions. It is argued that the factor that motivated the development was the post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy: because state of affairs B temporally follows state of affairs A, it may be seen as being caused by it. There is also evidence of independent developments from the meaning ‘follow’ to a cause and/or reason marking function in other languages with different etyma involved.
Formosan Evidence for Early Austronesian Knowledge of Iron
Authors: Blust Robert
Published: July 2013

Linguistic evidence for a knowledge of iron that predates the archaeological evidence for iron technology has had a checkered history in Austronesian linguistics over the past four decades. This squib reevaluates five comparisons first proposed by the writer in 1976, and discards three of them. Based on internal Formosan evidence from languages belonging to different primary branches of the family, it then draws attention to two new comparisons relating to iron that are not likely to be due to diffusion, and raises the question once more whether a knowledge of iron might have preceded iron-working in the Austronesian world by several millennia.
From Austronesian Voice to Oceanic Transitivity: Äiwoo as the “Missing Link”
Authors: Næss Åshild
Published: July 2013

This paper examines three properties of the Reefs-Santa Cruz language Äiwoo that are unusual for an Oceanic language—a distinction between prefixal marking of subjects for intransitive verbs and suffixal marking for transitive verbs, OVA word order in clauses that are morphologically and syntactically transitive, and an ergatively structured verb phrase in OVA clauses—and one that is frequent in Oceanic languages, namely the existence of clauses that appear to be morphologically intransitive but syntactically transitive (socalled “transitive discord” in the terminology of Margetts). I argue that all these properties are straightforwardly explained by the assumption that the Äiwoo system derives from a western Austronesian-style symmetrical voice system where two basic changes have taken place: the loss of the contrast between an actor voice and an undergoer voice, and the accretion of subject pronouns as bound person markers on verbs. Given that Äiwoo is an Oceanic language, this suggests that a voice system must have persisted later into the development of Oceanic than has previously been assumed.
The Northeastern Luzon Subgroup of Philippine Languages
Authors: Robinson Laura C. , Lobel Jason William
Published: July 2013

This paper presents a survey of the languages of the northeastern part of the large northern Philippine island of Luzon—Dupaningan Agta, Pahanan Agta, Casiguran Agta, Nagtipunan Agta, Dinapigue Agta, Paranan, and Kasiguranin—the first five of which are spoken by Negrito Filipino groups. With the exception of Kasiguranin, these languages compose a subgroup called Northeastern Luzon. Evidence is presented to determine the internal and external relationships of these languages, including historical phonology, functors, and lexicon. It is argued that they are not members of the Northern Cordilleran subgroup, as has been previously suggested, but instead form a primary branch of the Northern Luzon (Cordilleran) subgroup.
Directionals in Paluai: Semantics, Use, and Grammaticalization Paths
Authors: Schokkin Dineke
Published: July 2013

A phenomenon commonly encountered in Oceanic languages consists of verb-like forms that indicate the direction of motion verbs, which go by different names depending on the analysis. This article discusses the directional paradigm of Paluai (Eastern Admiralties), spoken on Baluan Island (Manus Province, Papua New Guinea). This language has an exceptionally large paradigm of ten directionals, which are obligatorily used in serial verb constructions (SVCs) to express the direction of the action represented by the main verb. The Paluai paradigm is interesting because it utilizes an absolute frame of reference in which many of the terms are additionally specified for deixis. Which directional is used in what context depends on two variables: first, where the motion is directed with regard to a land–sea axis (absolute or cardinal direction); and second, whether the motion is directed away from or toward a deictic center, or in neither direction. Although the directionals are used predominantly in SVCs, they are all attested as main verbs, heading a predicate. They have, however, undergone some degree of grammaticalization; this appears to be especially the case with la ‘motion away from the deictic center’.
The Encoding of Manner Predications and Resultatives in Oceanic: A Typological and Historical Overview
Authors: Verkerk Annemarie , Frostad Benedicte Haraldstad
Published: July 2013

This paper is concerned with the encoding of resultatives and manner predications in Oceanic languages. Our point of departure is a typological overview of the encoding strategies and their geographical distribution, and we investigate their historical traits by the use of phylogenetic comparative methods. A full theory of the historical pathways is not always accessible for all the attested encoding strategies, given the data available for this study. However, tentative theories about the development and origin of the attested strategies are given. One of the most frequent strategy types used to encode both manner predications and resultatives has been given special emphasis. This is a construction in which a reflex form of the Proto-Oceanic causative *pa-/*paka- modifies the second verb in serial verb constructions.
Reflexes of the *qali/kali- Prefixes in Micronesian Languages
Authors: Odango Emerson Lopez
Published: July 2013

This paper surveys the reflexes of the *qali/kali- prefix family in Micronesian languages, with illustrative examples from the Lukunosh dialect of Mortlockese, a language spoken in the Federated States of Micronesia. Historically, these prefixes marked lexical items as having a connection to the spirit world, with reconstructed forms attested from Proto-Austronesian to Proto-Oceanic, as well as in the Nuclear Micronesian languages. I claim that Proto-Micronesian had a reflex of *qali- (rather than *kali-) in the form *ali- with a similar cultural connection to the spirit world. On the other hand, Proto-Central Micronesian *li- ‘nominalizing agentive prefix’ is best analyzed as an innovation in Micronesian languages rather than a derivative of a *qali/kali- prefix. To broaden the ethnographic description of these pervasive prefixes, I discuss examples of *ali- and *li- reflexes in the Lukunosh dialect of Mortlockese.
Southwest Sabah Revisited
Authors: Lobel Jason William
Published: July 2013

This paper presents the results of a new innovation-based subgrouping argument for the Southwest Sabah languages of northern Borneo, including over 60 languages in Sabah, northern Sarawak, Brunei, and northern Kalimantan Timur. Data for many of these languages have never appeared in the literature before, and few of them have been included in previous studies except those based on lexicostatistics and intelligibility testing. In contrast with previous works, the current study is based on phonological and functor innovations. Discrepancies between the findings of the current study and previous studies are explained as the effect of contact and borrowing, which lexicostatistics and intelligibility testing cannot account for.
A Study of Second-Position Enclitics in Cebuano
Authors: Tanangkingsing Michael
Published: July 2013

Second-position enclitics in Cebuano are syntactically dispensable and truth-conditionally irrelevant; however, they add emotional flavor to utterances. This study investigates second-position enclitics in Cebuano, including their form and how they are used to express stance. The objective of this study is to investigate the form and functions of two groups of second-position enclitics, “aspectual” enclitics, and emphasizer and intensifier enclitics, as well as to examine their distribution in enclitic clusters. Conversational data show that the “aspectual” enclitics convey attitudinal stance: =na can convey emphasis, determination, and desperation, while =pa is used to imply “incompletion” or “lack,” leading to annoyance. In addition, I discuss =man , illustrating how it is used for downtoning and for showing politeness. I also tease apart the meanings of four seemingly synonymous high-frequency enclitics that differ in their relative frequency and preferred position in a cluster. As to function, =ka’ayo and =gyud serve to emphasize and intensify, but =ka’ayo has a scope over a predicate, while =gyud has scope over an entire proposition. On the other hand, =lagi and =gud have to be inspected in discourse: =lagi has the additional function of asserting one’s stance on the hearers, while =gud has the additional element of disagreement or dissatisfaction. Finally, I propose a relative ordering involving these two groups of enclitics in clusters.
Those Concepts Proliferate Everywhere: A Response to Constance Kassor
Authors: Deguchi Yasuo , Garfield Jay L. , Priest Graham
Published: July 2013

Kassor argues that Gorampa, through his account of the ultimate as inexpressible, provides a way to read Nāgārjuna's Madhyamaka consistently, simply by refusing to assert anything about the ultimate. We reply that this simply lands Gorampa and Nāgārjuna back in the paradox of expressibility: we can say nothing about the ultimate, and we have just said it.
A Comment on "The Way of the Dialetheist: Contradictions in Buddhism," by Yasuo Deguchi, Jay L. Garfield, and Graham Priest
Authors: Ziporyn Brook
Published: July 2013

Offering a response here based in the Three Truths tradition of Tiantai Buddhism as opposed to the Two Truths epistemologies of Indian Mahayana, Huayan, and Chan, the claim is rejected that "true" and "liberating" have different denotations, such that there is a kind of truth that is not in some way liberating. The model for truth in Buddhism, as understood in Tiantai, is the raft, expanded into the concept of upāya . Tiantai claims that it is not only some statements that are self-contradictory, nor is it only some self-contradictory statements that are true, nor only some true statements that are potentially liberating; rather, all statements are self-contradictory, and thus are potentially liberating, and it is for this reason and this reason alone that they are all true.
Is Gorampa's "Freedom from Conceptual Proliferations" Dialetheist?
Authors: Kassor Constance
Published: July 2013

This essay utilizes the philosophy of Gorampa Sonam Senge (Go rams pa bSod nams Seng ge) (1429–1489) to revisit the position put forth by Garfield and Priest, as well as a response to this position by Tillemans, reading Nāgārjuna as a dialetheist. By drawing a distinction between twofold negation at the level of conventional analysis and fourfold negation at the level of ultimate analysis, Gorampa articulates an interpretation of Nāgārjuna that embraces the existence of contradictions without necessarily advocating dialetheism.
A Mountain by Any Other Name: A Response to Koji Tanaka
Authors: Deguchi Yasuo , Garfield Jay L. , Priest Graham
Published: July 2013

Tanaka discusses a number of passages in Dogen that might be taken to show that he was a dialetheist. In this response we discuss his accounts of these passages. We argue that two of the passages do directly support the claim that Dōgen was a dialetheist. The final passage, concerning Dōgen's view of enlightenment, we argue, does not. Dōgen's view of enlightenment is indeed dialetheic, but Tanaka is seeking contradiction in the wrong place.
Does a Table Have Buddha-Nature?: A Moment of Yes and No. Answer! But Not in Words or Signs! A Response to Mark Siderits
Authors: Deguchi Yasuo , Garfield Jay L. , Priest Graham
Published: July 2013

Siderits argues that Nāgārjuna is not committed to the paradoxical claim that emptiness is the lack of intrinsic nature and that it is the intrinsic nature of all things, on the ground that the apparently paradoxical claims Nāgārjuna makes are simply admonitions to recuse oneself from the project of ontology. We argue that to recuse oneself from that project is to do ontology and so is no route out of paradox. We dispute Siderits' reading of several crucial passages, demonstrating that his readings are unattested in the commentarial literature and that they are implausible. Siderits argues on the basis of these readings that Candrakīrti and Nāgārjuna are not committed to paradoxes. We show that more plausible readings that are better attested in the commentarial literature do so commit them. Siderits and we agree that the ultimate nature of reality is to lack any ultimate nature. He thinks that this is consistent; we think that it is paradoxical.
Contradictions in Dōgen
Authors: Tanaka Koji
Published: July 2013

In "The Way of the Dialetheist: Contradictions in Buddhism," Yasuo Deguchi, Jay L. Garfield, and Graham Priest argue that some (though not all) of the contradictions that appear in Buddhist texts should be accepted. An examination of their argument depends on what sort(s) of negation is (are) used in the texts. In order to see apparently contradictory statements as affirmations of true contradictions, we must assume that 'not' (or its variance) is used as a contradiction-forming operator. In this article, the conception of negation(s) that is (are) salient in the writings of Dōgen is examined, and it is argued that he would not agree that his sentences are to be considered, and accepted, as contradictory.
Does a Table Have Buddha-Nature?
Authors: Siderits Mark
Published: July 2013

Among the Buddhists whom Deguchi, Garfield, and Priest claim accept contradictions as true are members of the Indian Madhyamaka school beginning with Nāgārjuna. This claim is investigated here, and the conclusion is that while it may be possible to read Indian Madhyamaka in this way, the texts allow another interpretation that may have greater overall plausibility. A central issue warranting further investigation is the soteriological significance of the Madhyamaka understanding of emptiness.
The Contradictions are True—And It's Not Out of This World! A Response to Takashi Yagisawa
Authors: Deguchi Yasuo , Garfield Jay L. , Priest Graham
Published: July 2013

Yagisawa argues that though the actual world is consistent, there are impossible worlds, where contradictions may hold, and that some of the contradictions that hold at such worlds may do justice to some of the contradictions in Buddhism. In reply, while we are happy to endorse impossible worlds containing contradictions, we argue that contradictions concerning emptiness hold, and are meant to hold, at the actual world.
How We Think Mādhyamikas Think: A Response To Tom Tillemans
Authors: Deguchi Yasuo , Garfield Jay L. , Priest Graham
Published: July 2013

Tillemans argues, centrally, that the paradoxes of emptiness that we take to be found in Nāgārjuna are best interpreted in a consistent fashion. In our response we take issue with this, arguing that a dialetheic interpretation is more plausible and why. Tillemans also argues that some of the Prajñāpāramitā texts do support a week dialetheism, according to which there are some propositions such that both they and their negations are true, but not the conjunction of these two things. We argue that, in such a case, there is no principled way to resist the truth of the conjunction.
The Way of the Modal Realist: Dialetheism and Buddhist Philosophy
Authors: Yagisawa Takashi
Published: July 2013

In "The Way of the Dialetheist: Contradictions in Buddhist Philosophy," Deguchi, Garfield, and Priest argue that in some passages of some Buddhist texts contradictions are unambiguously asserted as straightforwardly literally true. It is proposed here to make sense of such assertions by means of a modified version of dialetheism, which says that some contradictions are true at impossible worlds understood within the framework of modal realism.
"How Do Mādhyamikas Think?" Revisited
Authors: Tillemans Tom J. F.
Published: July 2013

Here, Tom Tillemans revisits his 2009 article "How do Mādhyamikas Think" and once again argues for a limited dialetheism that could apply to certain early Buddhist texts. The contradictions would only be of a non-adjunctive variety, that is, there would be assertions of p and assertions of not- p , but never of p and not-p . A non-adjunctive dialetheism would further Madhyamaka's quietism, in that the same asserted statements would also be negated, thus leaving little possibility for the Buddhist to hold a philosophical thesis as to how things are. On the other hand, adjunction of p with not- p would naturally tend to result in the quasi-Hegelian position that things are in fact contradictory. It is not clear that the adjunctive dialetheism of Deguchi, Garfield, and Priest could further a quietist Madhyamaka philosophy.
Two Plus One Equals One: A Response to Brook Ziporyn
Authors: Deguchi Yasuo , Garfield Jay L. , Priest Graham
Published: July 2013

Brook Ziporyn argues that our dialetheism is too tame, at least with respect to Tiantai Buddhism. He argues first that from the standpoint of Tiantai no assertions are meant to be true at all, that all use of language is nothing but upāya . He then argues that in Tiantai not only some but all contradictions are true. He grounds both of these claims on the further claim that in Tiantai the relation between the two truths is identity . We reject all of these claims, arguing that the relation of round fusion between the two truths is not that of identity, that some claims, even in Tiantai, are meant to be truth-evaluable, and that even in Tiantai there are some claims that are simply false, that not all contradictions are true.
Unintended Consequences: New Materialist Perspectives on Library Technologies and the Digital Record
Authors: Manoff Marlene
Published: July 2013

Digital technology has irrevocably altered the nature of the archive. Drawing on materialist critiques and the evolving field of media archaeology, this essay explores new strategies for understanding the implications of computer networks in libraries. Although a significant portion of the contemporary literature within Library and Information Science (LIS) addresses issues of technological change, the materialist and multidisciplinary approaches proposed here provide a theoretical basis for investigating the current state of library technologies in new ways. These methods provide insight into the proliferation of digital products and the cycles of platform adoption and replacement that have marked the past decades of library development. They also help to reframe questions about content aggregation and the licensing of digital scholarship.
Expanding Library Support of Faculty Research: Exploring Readiness
Authors: Brown Jeanne M. , Tucker Cory
Published: July 2013

The changing research and information environment requires a reexamination of library support for research. This study considers research-related attitudes and practices to identify elements indicating readiness or resistance to expanding the library’s role in research support. A survey of faculty conducted at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) finds that although a high percentage of faculty rate the library as important or very important to research productivity, perceived importance of specific support functions drops markedly, except for functions related to buying or providing access to resources.
Experiences of the Student Population at an Urban University: How Do They Use a Joint Library?
Authors: Molteni Valeria E. , Goldman Crystal , Oulc’hen Enora
Published: July 2013

The King Library in San José, California, is a unique combination of academic and public library. It serves the diverse populations of the City of San José and San José State University (SJSU). This article provides analysis of data collected in a study on the concept of “library as place” and SJSU students’ sense of belonging toward the King Library building. This study involved a mixed quantitative-qualitative research approach. In total, 744 students were surveyed. The results show that SJSU students use the library and it is relevant to their needs. Ideas for improvement and creation of services are offered.
Tag, You’re It: Enhancing Access to Graphic Novels
Authors: West Wendy
Published: July 2013

Current users of academic libraries are avid readers of graphic novels. These thought-provoking materials are used for leisure reading, in instruction, and for research purposes. Libraries need to take care in providing access to these resources. This study analyzed the cataloging practices and social tagging of a specific list of graphic novel titles in the academic libraries of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL). Results found that of the 668 graphic novel records 68 (10.17 percent) used the genre heading “graphic novel” and 99 (14.8 percent) were tagged. This limited access could be improved by using social tagging and genre heading.
Talking About Information Literacy: The Mediating Role of Discourse in a College Writing Classroom
Authors: Holliday Wendy , Rogers Jim
Published: July 2013

This paper reports on the findings of an observational study of information literacy instruction in a college writing course. Using a sociocultural approach, the study explores how classroom discourse can influence the ways in which students conceive of information literacy and the process of research and writing. We found that a discourse that emphasized “finding sources” more than “learning about” might limit students’ engagement with information and the process of inquiry. This article concludes with recommendations for modifying discourse and instructional practices in order to help students engage more deeply in the research process.
The Biopolitical Film (A Nietzschean Paradigm)
Authors: Lebovic Nitzan
Published: July 2013

Biopolitical cinema, exemplified by Michael Winterbottom, Roland Emmerich, and others, has questioned the ability of representative democracy to handle a catastrophic situation. Beyond that, biopolitical film has undermined the moral and political legitimacy of the democratic system as a whole. This article examines the formative moments of biopolitics: its affirmative use by German post-Nietzscheans of the 1920s and ‘30s, the French critique during the late 1970s, and the current translation of both to a set of post-9/11 images. All three moments use “cultural crisis” in order to plead for urgent reform, and use biopolitics as a critical concept aimed at a false liberal claim to legitimate power and its abuse.
Lyotard’s Infancy: A Debt that Persists
Authors: Locke Kirsten
Published: July 2013

This paper explores the notion of infancy in the work of Jean-François Lyotard as a state of unadorned openness and receptiveness to sensorial affect. It identifies debt and reparation as the conceptual thread running throughout his exploration. The purpose of the paper is to explore the dimensions of the “debt” infancy demands of a body that is open to the touch of sensorial affect, and the concomitant requirement to pay in some way for this openness and affectivity. The first section considers debt in terms of an obligation to honor the infant state. The second section considers the violent price a body must pay for harboring its own infancy, and the final section considers the payment of affect as the cost the infant body must bear.
From the Cold Earth: BP’s Broken Well, Streaming Live
Authors: Farbman Herschel
Published: July 2013

This article looks at the peculiar way the live streaming video of BP’s broken well in the Gulf of Mexico connected its viewer, in the spring and summer of 2010, to a part of the earth where he or she could not be—where nobody could be. Human beings had the power to cause the catastrophe but did not have the power to plunge to the Gulf floor to make it stop. The part of the earth (the greater part) that, in advance of environmental disaster, is already hostile to human life is the ironic home toward which all televisual media turn us; the alienness of our home planet is the underlying message of these media. But whereas the TV news keeps that message buried under blanket coverage, the live streaming video of BP’s broken well brought it clearly into view.
On the Jugaad Image: Embodying the Mobile Phone in India
Authors: Rai Amit S.
Published: July 2013

This essay uses media assemblage analysis to pose ontological questions of the embodiment of mobile phone technologies. The name for this throughout much of South Asia is jugaad, meaning a pragmatic workaround. In other words, this essay analyzes mobile telephony in India by foregrounding a sensorial ethics of habituation as central to understanding contemporary media assemblages. As one of the most competitive and fastest growing mobile markets in the world, India’s heterogeneous mobile cultures provide an excellent window into the processes of globalization, consumerism, digital control, piracy, bodily habituation, and new media assemblages.
Queering Žižek
Authors: Coffman Chris
Published: July 2013

This essay tracks Slavoj Žižek’s reading of Jacques Lacan in order to expose and critique Žižek’s continued investment in a heterosexist account of sexual difference. Attending to Žižek’s politicized recasting of Lacan’s argument that one can traverse—and thereby alter—the fundamental fantasy that structures subjectivity, this essay argues that despite Žižek’s protestations to the contrary, sexual difference is not inalterable. Rather, sexual difference is the fundamental fantasy that Lacanian psychoanalytic theory needs to traverse in order to fully register the many possible configurations of desiring subjectivities.