bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Soane-Dance Collaboration, 1771-1799
Authors: Lever Jill
Published: October 2018

After the publication for Sir John Soane’s Museum of a Catalogue of the Drawings of George Dance the Younger (1741-1825) (in 2003) further cataloguing of, and research into, John Soane’s early drawings has enabled the reattribution to George Dance of a number of sketch designs previously thought to be by Soane. In particular there are several drawings from the years 1771 to 1784, when Soane was a student and exhibitor at the Royal Academy, a competition entrant, and in the first years of practice. Later sketch designs by Dance for Soane then relate to several phases of the rebuilding of the Bank of England in the 1790s. It has also been possible to identify Robert Baldwin as the draughtsman for many of Soane’s early Royal Academy and competition drawings, as well as during Soane’s early years in practice, from 1780 to 1785. These discoveries bring to light not only the character of the collaboration between Soane and Dance, but also aspects of architectural practice more generally in the late eighteenth century.
The Open-Air Museum of Bokrijk: Staging Pre-Modern Architecture in the Margins of the 1958 World Fair
Authors: Floré Fredie
Published: October 2018

At many late nineteenth- and twentieth-century World Fairs architecture was an important tool in the representation of national identities. Pavilions at these Fairs offered telling ‘scenery’, against which to display old and new objects, machines, art collections, interior designs and social customs. They formed architectural settings that contributed to the staging of the nation’s vision of its own past, present or future. Furthermore, as the architectural historian Edward N. Kaufman has pointed out, the late nineteenth-century World Fairs were important forerunners of the first open-air museums. In these more permanent exhibition settings, architecture also often played a crucial role in the representation of national or regional identities. In many open-air museums buildings were conceived as important exhibits providing visitors, sometimes implicitly, with information about the nation or region’s past: information considered fundamental to its present or future identity.
The Geometry of a Piece of String
Authors: Yeomans David
Published: October 2018

line, n. […] 4. cord for measuring, levelling etc. […] 6. long narrow mark traced on surface. O.E.D.

Between the design and the realization of a building there are a number of ‘drawing’ processes, either on the building site or in the workshop, which range from the setting out of the plan to the production of ‘shop drawings’ from which details are derived. Unfortunately, while the latter have survived in sufficient numbers to have attracted scholarly attention, the setting out of the ground plan leaves no trace. Nevertheless, it is that process that determines the building's basic geometry. While much scholarly effort has gone into attempting to divine the geometrical principles behind designs from Antiquity to the Gothic period, it has not always been informed by an understanding of the setting-out process. Without taking the constraints of that process into account, one is reduced to looking for geometrical relationships within the building, and of course one will find some. Clearly, there were geometrical principles behind almost all buildings, if only that they should be rectangular or symmetrical, but the difficulty is that a few simple rules can easily result in a large number of geometrical relationships within the building that were not used, and possibly not even recognized, by their designers. At the very least, therefore, we should consider how to distinguish those relationships that were actually used by the designers and builders from those that are merely epiphenomenal.
The ‘Great Temple of Solomon’ at Stirling Castle
Authors: Campbell Ian , Mackechnie Aonghus
Published: October 2018

In 1594, a new Chapel Royal was erected at Stirling Castle, for the baptism, on 30 August of that year, of Prince Henry, first-born son and heir to James VI King of Scots and his wife, Queen Anna, sister of Denmark’s Christian IV. James saw the baptism as a major opportunity to emphasize, to an international — and, above all, English — audience, both his own and Henry’s suitability as heirs to England’s childless and elderly Queen Elizabeth. To commemorate the baptism and associated festivities, a detailed written account was produced, entitledA True Reportarieand attributed to William Fowler. It provided a remarkable piece of Stuart propaganda, as testified by many subsequent reprints, including during the 1745 Jacobite Rebellion. James no doubt had in mind the example of the celebrations at his own baptism in December 1566, which ‘took the form of a triumphant Renaissance festival, the first that Scotland — and indeed Great Britain — had ever seen’. Despite apparently being constructed within a mere seven months, the new chapel achieved its aim of being both impressive and symbolic of the aspirations of the Scottish king (Fig. 1). It can claim to be the earliest Renaissance church in Britain, with its main entrance framed by a triumphal arch, flanked by Italianate windows. However, even more significant is the evidence that the chapel was deliberately modelled on the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem.
‘The Windows of this Church are of several Fashions’: Architectural Form and Historical Method in John Aubrey’s ‘Chronologia Architectonica’
Authors: Turner Olivia Horsfall
Published: October 2018

Thomas Rickman has been credited, perhaps for too long, as the first figure to ‘discriminate’ the styles of medieval architecture and create a chronological analysis of Gothic architectural forms. Not only were there several authors who published on the subject immediately before Rickman, but there was also, as early as the mid-seventeenth century, considerable interest in the discernment and classification of periods in medieval architecture. One of the chief figures in this was John Aubrey, who pioneered a method for deducing the date of a medieval building by analysing the shapes of its windows. This intellectual initiative, 150 years before Rickman, has been either overlooked or interpreted as a ‘false start’ in Gothic revivalism. It is, however, worthy of fresh appraisal as a significant development in historical method and as an indicator of one way in which architecture was understood in the seventeenth century. Aubrey’s idea was that objects of a given type, in this case medieval windows, had a particular shape during a particular historical period, and that their morphology could be used to create a system for establishing the date of any given building. The context for this scheme was the innovative proposal of several early modern antiquaries that shapes in themselves could convey historical information, and that specific historical periods had their own distinctive forms. These scholars, many of whom were associated with the Royal Society, took faltering steps towards taxonomies of historical form which foreshadowed the methods of analysis that became — and arguably remain — central to the discipline of architectural history. That their interest focused upon medieval architecture at a time when the Gothic was largely rejected as irregular and barbarous is also notable. Examining the origins of a technique for dating historic buildings through visual analysis reveals how an intellectual circle of the seventeenth century perceived and understood architecture at a time when in England architectural commentary and criticism were still in their infancy.
‘Our Ancient Architecture’: Contesting Cathedrals in Late Georgian England
Authors: Aspin Philip
Published: October 2018

Recent research has transformed our understanding of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as a phase in the wider process of the Gothic Revival. While historical writing on the Gothic Revival had previously tended to see the significance of the period between 1790 and 1820 largely in terms of its academic contribution to the later development of Victorian Gothic Revival architecture, emphasizing especially the role of antiquarian scholarship in providing a basis of archaeological accuracy upon which subsequent architects could draw, more diverse angles have been opened up within the last couple of decades. Research by Simon Bradley, Chris Brooks and others has illuminated debates on the origins of the Gothic style itself and the patriotic language underpinning them, and has added greatly to our understanding of the associations between Gothic and ‘Englishness’. Rosemary Hill has investigated the ambiguous and problematic religious connotations of Gothic. Simon Bradley has authoritatively anatomized the increasingly enthusiastic take-up of Gothic by the Anglican Church in the first few decades of the nineteenth century, and has uncovered a rich prehistory of ecclesiological principles before the foundation of the Camden Society and all its powerfully misleading retrospective propaganda.
‘A new image of the living theatre’: the Genesis and Design of the Belgrade Theatre, Coventry, 1948–58
Authors: Fair Alistair
Published: October 2018

When it opened in March 1958, the Belgrade Theatre, Coventry, was the first new professional theatre to be constructed in Britain for nearly two decades and the country’s first all-new civic theatre (Figs 1 and 2). Financially supported by Coventry City Council and designed in the City Architect’s office, it included a 910-seat auditorium with associated backstage facilities. Two features of the building were especially innovative, namely its extensive public foyers and the provision of a number of small flats for actors. The theatre, whose name commemorated a major gift of timber to the city of Coventry from the Yugoslav authorities, was regarded as the herald of a new age and indeed marked the beginning of a boom in British theatre construction which lasted until the late 1970s. Yet its architecture has hitherto been little considered by historians of theatre, while accounts of post-war Coventry have instead focused on other topics: the city’s politics; its replanning after severe wartime bombing; and the architecture of its new cathedral, designed by Basil Spence in 1950 and executed amidst international interest as a symbol of the city’s post-war recovery. However, the Belgrade also attracted considerable attention when it opened. The Observer’s drama critic, Kenneth Tynan, was especially effusive, asking ‘in what tranced moment did the City Council decided to spend £220,000 on a bauble as superfluous as a civic playhouse?’ For him, it was ‘one of the great decisions in the history of local government’. This article considers the architectural implications of that ‘great decision’. The main design moves are charted and related to the local context, in which the Belgrade was intended to function as a civic and community focus. In this respect, the Labour Party councillors’ wish to become involved in housing the arts reflected prevailing local and national party philosophy but was possibly amplified by knowledge of eastern European authorities’ involvement in accommodating and subsidizing theatre. In addition, close examination of the Belgrade’s external design, foyers and auditorium illuminates a number of broader debates in the architectural history of the period. The auditorium, for example, reveals something of the extent to which Modern architecture could be informed by precedent. Furthermore, the terms in which the building was received are also significant. Tynan commented: ‘enter most theatres, and you enter the gilded cupidacious past. Enter this one, and you are surrounded by the future’. Although it was perhaps inevitable that the Belgrade was thought to be unlike older theatres, given that there had been a two-decade hiatus in theatre-building, the resulting contrast was nonetheless rather appropriate, allowing the building to connote new ideas whilst also permitting us to read the Belgrade in terms of contemporary debates about the nature of the ‘modern monument’.
Funding a Roman Catholic Church in Nineteenth-Century Ireland
Authors: Grimes Brendan
Published: October 2018

… from many a hidden spring streams of riches shall burst forth.

In the period 1790 to 1847 more than two thousand Catholic churches were built in Ireland. The money to build these churches (and others later in the nineteenth century) came from affluent Catholics of the merchant, professional, and tenant-farming classes, a few aristocratic Catholics, members of the Catholic gentry, the poor of the parishes, and from members of other churches. Money was given by donations (often monthly or annually) from the affluent, and from the poor by weekly collections. Other important sources included bequests, fund-raising ventures such as raffles and concerts, and charity sermons. People from all social classes sometimes gave their time, skill, and labour towards the end of raising Catholic churches, without asking for payment.
The Vereinigte Staatsschulen für freie und angewandte Kunst and the Mainstem of German Modernism
Authors: Harrod William Owen
Published: October 2018

In 1936, Nikolaus Pevsner asserted at the Royal Society of Arts in London that the Weimar Republic had produced two great modern schools of art: Walter Gropius’ Bauhaus and Bruno Paul’s Vereinigte Staatsschulen für freie und angewandte Kunst (Unified State Schools for Fine and Applied Art) in Berlin. Pevsner was outspoken in commending the ‘atmosphere of youth, conquest, thrill’ that pervaded the Bauhaus in emulation of the passionate and revolutionary spirit of its founder. But he was troubled by the shortcomings of its programme. By contrast, Pevsner praised the Vereinigte Staatsschulen for restoring the essential ‘balance between painting and sculpture on the one hand, and handicraft and design on the other’ (Fig. 1). Unlike the Bauhaus, Pevsner concluded, the Vereinigte Staatsschulen ‘represented a success in almost every respect’. Yet, despite its importance to the dissemination of the Modern Movement, the Vereinigte Staatsschulen has been largely forgotten in the English-speaking world, while the Bauhaus has been long been regarded as the epitome of twentieth-century modernism, and, particularly in popular culture, even of the very concept of modernity. Nevertheless the interwoven stories of the Vereinigte Staatsschulen and the Bauhaus, and of their directors, serve to illuminate the complexity of the unwritten history of the Modern Movement.

The Vereinigte Staatsschulen and the Bauhaus were, as Pevsner noted, parallel developments. Both emerged from the artistic reform movements that characterized the final years of the German Empire, and which found their culmination in the Deutscher Werkbund. The faculty of Vereinigte Staatsschulen sustained the unbroken history of its progenitor institutions, reflecting a broad and inclusive Modern Movement that echoed the often-contentious composition of the Werkbund itself. The Bauhaus faculty sought, ultimately unsuccessfully, to effect a clear and decisive break from a similar historical context. Notwithstanding its brilliant achievements, the Bauhaus ultimately represents but a single, exclusive branch of the history of the Modern Movement. The Vereinigte Staatsschulen reflects the broader currents that engendered twentieth-century modernism.
Poisson errors and adaptive rebinning in X-ray powder diffraction data
Authors: Mendenhall Marcus H.
Published: October 2018

This work provides a short summary of techniques for formally-correct handling of statistical uncertainties in Poisson-statistics dominated data, with emphasis on X-ray powder diffraction patterns. Correct assignment of uncertainties for low counts is documented. Further, we describe a technique for adaptively rebinning such data sets to provide more uniform statistics across a pattern with a wide range of count rates, from a few (or no) counts in a background bin to on-peak regions with many counts. This permits better plotting of data and analysis of a smaller number of points in a fitting package, without significant degradation of the information content of the data set. Examples of the effect of this on a diffraction data set are given.
Wie geht’s weiter nach der Entzugsbehandlung?
Authors: Schawohl Anne , Adam Miriam , Odenwald Michael
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Bisher existieren keine systematischen ambulanten Angebote für Alkoholpatient_innen mit Doppeldiagnosen, die direkt nach Qualifizierter Entzugsbehandlung (QE) einsetzen. Fragestellung: Diese Pilotstudie untersucht, ob durch nahtlos beginnende integrierte ambulante Psychotherapie Alkoholtrinktage und komorbide psychopathologische Symptomatik bei Alkoholpatient_innen mit Doppeldiagnosen reduziert werden können. Methode: 30 alkoholabhängige Patient_innen mit Doppeldiagnose (F3 oder F4) wurden vor Entlassung aus der QE randomisiert (T1) in Experimentalgruppe (n = 15, nahtlos nach Entzugsbehandlung beginnende integrierte ambulante Psychotherapie) oder Kontrollgruppe (n = 15, Warte-Kontrollgruppe). Drei Monate nach QE (T2) wurden alle Patient_innen hinsichtlich Alkoholtrinktage (Timeline Followback, TLFB) und komorbider Symptomatik (Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI; Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) nachuntersucht. Resultate: Im Gruppenvergleich reduzierten sich die Trinktage von T1 zu T2 in der Experimentalgruppe signifikant stärker (92 % vs. 35 %). Psychische Belastung und Depressivität reduzierten sich deutlicher in der Experimentalgruppe. Schlussfolgerung: Integrierte Therapieformen sollten weiterentwickelt und evaluiert werden, um die ambulant-psychotherapeutische Versorgung dieser Patient_innengruppe zu verbessern.
The 4 May 2018 Mw 6.9 Hawaii Island Earthquake and Implications for Tsunami Hazards
Authors: Bai Y. , Ye L. , Yamazaki Y. , Lay T. , Cheung K. F.
Published: October 2018

The 4 May 2018 (Mw 6.9) earthquake offshore of Kilauea Volcano has raised concerns about potential impacts of locally generated tsunamis in Hawaii. Iterative inversion of global seismic observations guided by forward modeling of regional geodetic and tsunami records yields a self‐consistent fault slip model to quantify the physical processes. This earthquake, similar to other large events in the area, is found to involve a shallowly dipping thrust fault, plausibly on the décollement between the island volcanic edifice and the old Pacific seafloor. The uplift and seaward displacement of Kilauea's south flank generate a tsunami that wraps around Hawaii Island, exposing all shores to direct arrivals and the interconnected insular shelves to resonating wave activities. The impact along the Hawaiian Islands can be categorized at three regional levels in terms of peak wave amplitude and arrival time with implications for tsunami hazards from future larger earthquakes and flank failures.
Discovering State‐Parameter Mappings in Subsurface Models Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Sun Alexander Y.
Published: October 2018

A fundamental problem in geophysical modeling is related to the identification and approximation of causal structures among physical processes. However, resolving the bidirectional mappings between physical parameters and model state variables (i.e., solving the forward and inverse problems) is challenging, especially when parameter dimensionality is high. Deep learning has opened a new door toward knowledge representation and complex pattern identification. In particular, the recently introduced generative adversarial networks (GANs) hold strong promises in learning cross‐domain mappings for image translation. This study presents a state‐parameter identification GAN (SPID‐GAN) for simultaneously learning bidirectional mappings between a high‐dimensional parameter space and the corresponding model state space. SPID‐GAN is demonstrated using a series of representative problems from subsurface flow modeling. Results show that SPID‐GAN achieves satisfactory performance in identifying the bidirectional state‐parameter mappings, providing a new deep‐learning‐based, knowledge representation paradigm for a wide array of complex geophysical problems.
Genetic characterization of the first detected human case of avian influenza A (H5N6) in Anhui Province, East China
Authors: He Jun , Liu Bo-Yu , Gong Lei , Chen Zhen , Chen Xiao-Long , Hou Sai , Yu Jun-Ling , Wu Jia-Bin , Xia Zhi-Cai , Latif Adams , Gao Rongbao , Su Bin , Liu Yan
Published: October 2018

We compared complete genome sequences of two strains of an avian influenza A (H5N6) virus isolated from a patient in Anhui Province with those of other strains from GenBank and Global initiative on sharing all influenza data (GISAID). The HA gene of the isolated virus shared homology with that of A/chicken/Zhejiang/727155/2014 (H5N6) at the level of similarity of 98%. The six internal genes of the Anhui strains were close to those of H9N2 viruses from Zhejiang, Shandong, and Guangdong provinces, with a similarity of 99%. In addition, the similarity between the internal antigens (NP and MP) of the isolated H5N6 virus and H7N9 and H10N8 viruses was 99%. Based on the data of phylogenetic analysis, the H5N6 influenza virus isolated in Anhui Province belonged to clade 2.3.4.4. The virus was shown to have molecular characteristics of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, including eight glycosylation sites and an amino acid sequence of the HA protein cleavage site, PLRERRRKKR/GLF, containing multiple basic amino acids. Additionally, the stalk domain of the NA protein was found to have a deletion in NA stalk region (11 amino acids in N6, positions 58–68). Our study demonstrated that the H5N6 virus from Anhui Province represented a triple-reassortant virus and could be highly pathogenic to humans. The prevalence of this virus should be closely monitored.
Quantitative vessel tortuosity: A potential CT imaging biomarker for distinguishing lung granulomas from adenocarcinomas
Authors: Alilou Mehdi , Orooji Mahdi , Beig Niha , Prasanna Prateek , Rajiah Prabhakar , Donatelli Christopher , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Rakshit Sagar , Yang Michael , Jacono Frank , Gilkeson Robert , Linden Philip , Madabhushi Anant
Published: October 2018

Adenocarcinomas and active granulomas can both have a spiculated appearance on computed tomography (CT) and both are often fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid on positron emission tomography (PET) scan, making them difficult to distinguish. Consequently, patients with benign granulomas are often subjected to invasive surgical biopsies or resections. In this study, quantitative vessel tortuosity (QVT), a novel CT imaging biomarker to distinguish between benign granulomas and adenocarcinomas on routine non-contrast lung CT scans is introduced. Our study comprised of CT scans of 290 patients from two different institutions, one cohort for training (N = 145) and the other (N = 145) for independent validation. In conjunction with a machine learning classifier, the top informative and stable QVT features yielded an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) of 0.85 in the independent validation set. On the same cohort, the corresponding AUCs for two human experts including a radiologist and a pulmonologist were found to be 0.61 and 0.60, respectively. QVT features also outperformed well known shape and textural radiomic features which had a maximum AUC of 0.73 (p-value = 0.002), as well as features learned using a convolutional neural network AUC = 0.76 (p-value = 0.028). Our results suggest that QVT features could potentially serve as a non-invasive imaging biomarker to distinguish granulomas from adenocarcinomas on non-contrast CT scans.
Diversity and characteristics of colonization of root-associated fungi of Vaccinium uliginosum
Authors: Yang Hongyi , Zhao Xingyu , Liu Changli , Bai Long , Zhao Min , Li Lili
Published: October 2018

This study investigated ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) diversity in Vaccinium uliginosum across its main wild distribution range in China. Fungal communities in hair roots of V. uliginosum were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Only 22 OTUs were assigned to putative EMF genera. Rhizoscyphus and Meliniomyces dominated EMF communities, followed by Clavaria, Oidiodendron, Lachnum, Acephala, and Phialocephala. There were more dark septate endophytes (DSE) reads from the Greater Khingan Mountains than from other study areas, similar to the results of the percent colonization of DSE by the magnified intersections method. Overall, high-throughput sequencing data provided a rough community-scale sketch of root-associated fungi of V. uliginosum. Two hundred and eighty slow-growing isolates were isolated from root pieces of V. uliginosum, and the isolates matched 16 fungal genera on the basis of morphological and internal transcribed spacer sequence comparison. The isolates of Cryptosporiopsis ericae, Oidiodendron maius, Lachnum sp., Sordariomycetes sp., and Pleosporales sp., formed ericoid hyphal coils via resynthesis trails. The co-existence between EMF and DSE in hair roots was observed via trypan blue staining. A putative model for the co-existence between EMF and DSE in the hair roots of V. uliginosum was proposed. We suggest that under certain environmental stresses, such as low temperature and poor available nutrients, ericoid plants may favor co-colonization by both DSE and EMF.
Smartphone-based analytical biosensors
Authors: Huang Xiwei , Xu Dandan , Chen Jin , Liu Jixuan , Li Yangbo , Song Jing , Ma Xing , Guo Jinhong
Published: October 2018

With the rapid development, mass production, and pervasive distribution of smartphones in recent years, they have provided people with portable, cost-effective, and easy-to-operate platforms to build analytical biosensors for point-of-care (POC) applications and mobile health.
Imaging nucleus viscosity and G-quadruplex DNA in living cells using a nucleus-targeting two-photon fluorescent probe
Authors: Sun Wan , Cui Jing-Xue , Ma Le-Le , Lu Zhong-Lin , Gong Bing , He Lan , Wang Ruibing
Published: October 2018

TP-2Bz, as a nucleus targeting “D–π–A” molecule, was developed as a two-photon turn-on fluorescent probe for the viscosity and GQ DNA detection in cell nuclei.
A potent, minimally invasive and simple strategy of enhancing intracellular targeted delivery of Tat peptide-conjugated quantum dots: organic solvent-based permeation enhancer
Authors: Yong Xueqing , Yang Xuan , Emory Steven R. , Wang Jun , Dai Jie , Yu Xiaoya , Mei Ling , Xie Jinbing , Ruan Gang
Published: October 2018

Organic solvent in low percentage offers a great way to enhance vesicle escape and intracellular targeted delivery of nanomaterials.
Rapid synthesis of Co3O4 nanosheet arrays on Ni foam by in situ electrochemical oxidization of air-plasma engraved Co(OH)2 for efficient oxygen evolution
Authors: Gu Wenling , Hu Liuyong , Zhu Xiaoqing , Shang Changshuai , Li Jing , Wang Erkang
Published: October 2018

Rapid synthesis of Co3O4@NF as an efficient electrocatalyst for the OER by direct in situ electrochemical oxidization of air-plasma engraved Co(OH)2@NF.
Ostwald's rule of stages and metastable transitions in the hydrogen–water system at high pressure
Authors: Donnelly M.-E. , Teeratchanan P. , Bull C. L. , Hermann A. , Loveday J. S.
Published: October 2018

The hydrogen water system has been extensively studied above 0.5 GPa and below 0.2. We present neutron diffraction studies in the intermediate pressure range.
Water vapor uptake into hygroscopic lithium bromide desiccant droplets: mechanisms of droplet growth and spreading
Authors: Wang Zhenying , Orejon Daniel , Sefiane Khellil , Takata Yasuyuki
Published: October 2018

Mechanisms of droplet growth and spreading, related to surface wettability, are investigated during vapor absorption into hygroscopic lithium bromide desiccant droplets.
Free-standing Pt and Pd nanowires: strain-modulated stability and magnetic and thermoelectric properties
Authors: Kansara Shivam , Gupta Sanjeev K. , Sonvane Yogesh , Kumar Ashok
Published: October 2018

The concept diagram for (a) when B = 0, the Fermi–Dirac distributions are equal so M = 0 and (b) when the Lagrangian strain is applied, all the anti-parallel spin changes to parallel spins.
Quantification of hyperpolarisation efficiency in SABRE and SABRE-Relay enhanced NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Richardson Peter M. , John Richard O. , Parrott Andrew J. , Rayner Peter J. , Iali Wissam , Nordon Alison , Halse Meghan E. , Duckett Simon B.
Published: October 2018

The linear relationship between the level of p-H2 enrichment and the polarisation of the target molecule provides a route to quantifying the efficiency of the signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) and SABRE-Relay NMR hyperpolarisation methods.
Identification and composition of conformational isomers and their cations in crotonaldehyde by VUV-MATI spectroscopy
Authors: Park Sung Man , Kim Hong Lae , Kwon Chan Ho
Published: October 2018

Composition of the crotonaldehyde sample at ambient temperature was determined as 93.0%, 3.4%, 3.4%, and 0.2% for the tt-/tc-/ct-/cc-conformers, respectively, for the first time.
A theoretical study on lidocaine solubility in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Gutiérrez Alberto , Atilhan Mert , Aparicio Santiago
Published: October 2018

The solvation of lidocaine in two selected deep eutectic solvents is studied using density functional theory and molecular dynamics methods.
Unusual effects in single molecule tautomerization: hemiporphycene
Authors: Kim Victoriya , Piatkowski Lukasz , Pszona Maria , Jäger Regina , Ostapko Jakub , Sepioł Jerzy , Meixner Alfred J. , Waluk Jacek
Published: October 2018

Temporal evolution of the fluorescence spectra of individual hemiporphycene molecules reveals unusual double hydrogen transfer reaction dynamics.
Topochemical synthesis of 2D materials
Authors: Xiao Xu , Wang Hao , Urbankowski Patrick , Gogotsi Yury
Published: October 2018

This review summarizes the rapidly-developed topochemical synthesis of 2D materials, explains the growth mechanisms and provides outlooks for future research.
Effect of Grifola frondosa 95% ethanol extract on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet-fed rats
Authors: Pan Yu-Yang , Zeng Feng , Guo Wei-Ling , Li Tian-Tian , Jia Rui-Bo , Huang Zi-Rui , Lv Xu-Cong , Zhang Jiachao , Liu Bin
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effects of 95% ethanol extract of G. frondosa (GF95) on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats.
Oleogel-structured composite for the stabilization of ω3 fatty acids in fish oil
Authors: Lee Michelle C. , Jiang Xiaofei , Brenna J. Thomas , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: October 2018

The fish oil is encapsulated in a multi-compartment system featuring β-cyclodextrin complexation within whey protein isolate (WPI) coated oleogel particles.
Highly lithium ion conductive, Al2O3 decorated electrospun P(VDF-TrFE) membranes for lithium ion battery separators
Authors: K. Bicy , Suriyakumar Shruti , P. Anu Paul , A. S. Anu , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Stephen Arul Manuel , G. Geethamma V. , Rouxel Didier , Thomas Sabu
Published: October 2018

Electrospun battery separators have drawn considerable attention due to their high porosity, surface area, and electrochemical performance.
SERS effect of selectively adsorbed dyes by hydrothermally-produced MoS2 nanosheets
Authors: Zheng Gang , Zhang Pei , Zhang Shiwang , Peng Yalin , Huang Linsen , Zhang Liangxing , Jin Yong , Jiao Zhifeng , Sun Xiaosong
Published: October 2018

The electro-magnetic mechanism and chemical transfer mechanism coexist in the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) procedure.
Copper(i) tertiary phosphine xanthate complexes as single source precursors for copper sulfide and their application in the OER
Authors: Singh Amita , Trivedi Manoj , Singh Pooja , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Azad Uday Pratap , Singh Ashish Kumar , Kumar Abhinav
Published: October 2018

Three heteroleptic bis(triphenylphosphine)copper(i) methyl pyridyl xanthate complexes used as single source precursors for copper sulfide and the resulting copper sulfides have been utilized for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction.
Optimal design of an antireflection coating structure for enhancing the energy-conversion efficiency of a silicon nanostructure solar cell
Authors: Fan Qiaoyun , Wang Zhiqiang , Cui Yanjun
Published: October 2018

We introduced ICP method for two kinds of Si-cell arrays: silicon nanocones and nanopillars. Silicon nanowire arrays were prepared by the Ag-assisted chemical etching method. We experimentally demonstrated theJ–Vcharacterization of three structures.
Split-anion solvent extraction of light rare earths from concentrated chloride aqueous solutions to nitrate organic ionic liquids
Authors: Regadío Mercedes , Vander Hoogerstraete Tom , Banerjee Dipanjan , Binnemans Koen
Published: October 2018

Rare earths are extracted efficiently by nitrate ionic liquids from a chloride feed solution.
Screening of cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors via in silico and in vitro approaches
Authors: Pang Xiaocong , Zhang Baoyue , Mu Guangyan , Xia Jie , Xiang Qian , Zhao Xia , Liu Ailin , Du Guanhua , Cui Yimin
Published: October 2018

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is an important member of the CYP family and responsible for metabolizing a broad range of drugs. It is necessary to establish virtual screening models for predicting CYP3A4 inhibitors.
Strongly enhanced visible light photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in an n-doped MoS2 /TiO2(B) heterojunction by selective decoration of platinum nanoparticles at the MoS2 edge sites
Authors: Paul Kamal Kumar , Sreekanth N. , Biroju Ravi K. , Pattison Alexander J. , Escalera-López Daniel , Guha Anku , Narayanan Tharangattu N. , Rees Neil Vaughan , Theis Wolfgang , Giri P. K.
Published: October 2018

Ultra low concentration Pt nanoparticle decorated MoS2/TiO2(B) nanobelt exhibits strong visible light HER activity.
Single cell analysis of proliferation and movement of cancer and normal-like cells on nanowire array substrates
Authors: Li Zhen , Kamlund Sofia , Ryser Till , Lard Mercy , Oredsson Stina , Prinz Christelle N.
Published: October 2018

Performing single cell analysis can reveal the existence of different cell populations on nanowire arrays.
Tough protein organohydrogels
Authors: Zhou Dan , Chen Fan , Wang Jiahui , Li Tianzhen , Li Baijia , Zhang Jie , Zhou Xiaohu , Gan Tiansheng , Handschuh-Wang Stephan , Zhou Xuechang
Published: October 2018

Tough protein organohydrogels are fabricated by applying a solvent displacement-induced toughening (SDIT) strategy. By one-step SDIT, relatively weak and brittle protein hydrogels change to protein organohydrogels with remarkably high performance in anti-freezing, non-drying, topological healing, thermal plasticizing, mechanical toughness and stretchability.
Hearing Loss Treatment in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mamo Sara K. , Reed Nicholas S. , Price Carrie , Occhipinti Dona , Pletnikova Alexandra , Lin Frank R. , Oh Esther S.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this systematic review was to assess studies of treating hearing loss in older adults with cognitive impairment. Of interest to this review is identifying clinical adaptations that may be used to tailor hearing loss treatment to older adults with cognitive impairment in order to better serve this vulnerable population.

Method

A systematic search with controlled vocabulary and key word terms was applied to PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Search concepts included terms related to hearing loss and cognitive impairment. The overall search resulted in 4,945 unique references, 50 of which were eligible for full-text review and 13 of which were included in the final review. Included manuscripts were categorized according to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's levels of evidence and the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tools.

Results

Only 1 study implemented a randomized controlled trial design to assess cognitive function and behavioral symptoms after treatment with hearing aids. Other quasiexperimental studies evaluated dementia-related symptoms and/or auditory function after treating hearing loss in pre/post research designs. Finally, evidence from case studies suggested that hearing loss treatment is feasible, reduces stressful communication for caregivers, and improves dementia-related behavior problems.

Conclusion

Based on the systematic review, evidence suggests that treating hearing loss in persons with cognitive impairment can have benefits to communication and quality of life. Because of the quasi- and nonexperimental nature of most of the evidence found in this review, further studies are necessary to understand the effect of treatment in the context of a variable and progressive disease.
Calibration of Gipps’ car‐following model for trucks and the impacts on fuel consumption estimation
Authors: Cattin Johana , Leclercq Ludovic , Pereyron Florian , El Faouzi Nour‐Eddin
Published: October 2018

Calibration of car‐following models plays an important role not only in traffic simulation but also in the estimation of traffic‐related energy consumption. However, the majority of calibration studies only focus on errors on position or speed, whereas these models are used to evaluate environmental parameters associated with road traffic (e.g. pollutant emissions, energy consumption). Then, this study focuses on the ability of Gipps’ car‐following model calibrated on trajectory parameters to estimate properly the fuel consumption of a heavy vehicle. First, the shape of one of the most used Goodness‐of‐Fit function, Theil's inequality coefficient, is investigated. It will be demonstrated that optimal domains are flat and large, and so many combinations of parameters could accurately reproduce the vehicle trajectory. Then, the authors found that Gipps model, calibrated via a multi‐objective particle swarm optimisation is relevant to simulate the trajectory of a heavy vehicle, but fuel consumption estimation resulting of these trajectories exhibits large discrepancies. To solve this issue, it is proposed to add the fuel consumption estimation directly in the calibration process as a further dimension. The results show an improvement in the value of energy consumption estimation without increasing too much the error on the trajectory.
Characterization and standardization of the Atlantic albacore French pelagic trawl fishery
Authors: Nikolic Natacha , Lauretta Matthew , Patucca Audrey , Morandeau Gilles
Published: October 2018

We compiled and analysed logbook data from the French trawl albacore fishery covering the period 1991–2015. The dataset comprised catch and effort data for the French fleet operating in the Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea, as well as spatiotemporal and gear characteristics. Generalized linear modelling was used to model spatial, seasonal, environmental, and gear covariates of fleet CPUE rates. A long-term index of relative abundance is provided that can be integrated into the stock assessment of North Atlantic albacore. The analysis revealed higher albacore CPUE associated with relatively low sea surface temperature and distinct seasonal effects. The derived abundance trend for the French trawl fishery agreed with the estimated time series of stock abundance from recent assessments.
Opportunities and perspectives of PMU application in power districts with distributed energy resources
Authors: Ilyshin Pavel , Mokeev Alexey , Narovlyanskii Vladimir
Published: October 2018

The report examines the application of PMUs for various functional purposes of identifying emergency conditions, implement functions of relay protection and automation devices, perform a number of monitoring and diagnostic functions of the equipment. The analysis of functional requirements for control systems, protection and automation of power districts with distributed energy resources is carried out. The description of certain algorithms of emergency control and mode control is presented. Promising fields of scientific research are identified to expand the range of functions that can be implemented with the use of PMU.
On the placing of synchronized vector measurements in network 110 - 330 kV for identification of the Kaliningrad region power system regime
Authors: Gadzhiev Magomed , Gulevich Eugenia , Korobka Vyacheslav , Ryabchenko Vladimir , Sharov Yuriy
Published: October 2018

A solution is presented for the problem of placing phasor measurement unit to identify the mathematical model of the electric power system in the state space. The criterion for complete observability of the Kalman dynamic system is taken as a basis. As a method of solution, we use the canonical genetic algorithm. The complete observability of the power system is ensured by the application of the observability rule in the form of a recursive test of observability. The proposed approach is demonstrated by the arrangement of synchronized vector meters in the Kaliningrad region power system.
Recovery time reduction of a damaged 6-35 kV transmission line after double earth fault applying the iteration fault location method
Authors: Kulikov A.L. , Osokin V.J. , Obalin M.D.
Published: October 2018

The task of determining the fault location on a power line is difficult and the longest operations to restore damaged areas of the network. Determining fault location with double earth faults is a priority due to the high wear of medium voltage networks and the absent of currently accurate algorithms. The usage of the phase coordinates method allows to obtain the calculated relations for determining the distances to the nearest and furthest point of damage. A significant increase in the accuracy is achieved by using iterative recalculation, the essence of which is to rectify such parameters as the transient resistance, the voltage at the neutral point of the load and the distance to the damage. The proposed algorithms allow reducing the calculation error and reducing the bypass zone of the damaged line, which in turn determines the power transmission line recovery time and increases the reliability of the power supply network.
Analysis of additional factors for determining heat network pipelines failure rates
Authors: Akhmetova Irina , Akhmetov Timur
Published: October 2018

The paper suggests the methodology to assess the reliability of both the heat network schemes under design and the existing heat network schemes, that allows to determine availability factor and failure-free operation probability on the basis of the input data including the length, diameter and exploitation time of pipeline segments of the heat networks. As a result of the research, the additional factors that have a significant impact on the reliability of heat supply to consumers have been determined. The impact of these factors on the heat network reliability relying on the experimental data provided by regional heat supply organizations has been assessed. Additional factors were taken into account when developing a new methodology and algorithm for calculating heat supply reliability indices. The program for calculating the consumer heat supply reliability is worked out.
Impact of deicing agents on heat network corrosion
Authors: Postnikov Ivan , Stennikov Valery , Shamansky Vitaly , Kozlov Alexander , Sokolov Pavel
Published: October 2018

This research is caused by the need to make a scientific and technical analysis and obtain informed assessments of the consequences of deicing agents application to urban roads for the heat network infrastructure. The main objectives of this research were to assess the impact of the deicing agent on initiation and acceleration of corrosion of the heat network equipment (pipelines, nonmobile and sliding bearings), the effect of this corrosion on reliability of heat supply to consumers, and to determine the economic damage caused by the decline in service life of pipelines. In addition, the study identified additional circumstances of the detrimental effect of deicing agents on the heat network infrastructure associated with destructive changes in the concrete structures of the heat network thermal chambers.
Management of power transformers reliability by technologies of control on resource characteristics of liquid dielectric
Authors: Vysogorets Svetlana , Nazarychev Alexandr , Gorec Ilia , Tadjibaev Alexey
Published: October 2018

The relationship between the resource of a power transformer and the resource characteristics of a liquid dielectric is shown. Determined the key quality indicators, which allow to control the resource of the liquid dielectric. For the first time, “The method of experimental determination of the liquid dielectric resource and measures for its restoration” was developed.
An algorithm to calculate feasible operating conditions of electrical network, given overhead conductor temperature and sag constraints
Authors: Popova Yekaterina , Voitov Oleg , Semenova Lyudmila
Published: October 2018

The paper presents an algorithm to calculate feasible steady-state conditions of an electrical network. A distinctive feature of the calculation is the consideration of constraints on the temperature of bare conductor and the clearance of a controlled span of overhead line. This consideration is based on forming and solving an equation of conductor heat balance to calculate the conductor temperature depending on the current flowing through the conductor and environmental factors, including the actual values of air pressure and air temperature. The paper presents the results of numerical calculations performed for individual overhead lines and for a test 16-node scheme of electrical network. The results illustrate the algorithm performance and the importance of considering the above constraints.
Model of adequacy optimization of electric power systems under market conditions
Authors: Aizenberg Natalia , Perzhabinsky Sergey
Published: October 2018

We present a new model of adequacy optimization of electric power systems under market conditions in the article. Optimization is realized by a criteria of maximum of social welfare. Social welfare includes profits of generating companies according penalties of unreliable electricity supply, consumer surplus, costs for development and servicing of electricity grids. Adequacy analysis of variants of development of electric power system is based on multiple estimation of electricity shortage in a random hour of system work. We analyze system work in each of a random hour in two stages. For the first stage we define equilibrium electricity demand in each system node and equilibrium price of electricity according to Cournot model. For the next stage failures of power generating equipment and transmission lines are simulated. We also estimate of electricity shortage in a current hour on the second stage. Reliability indexes and profits of generating companies are formed after a whole cycle of computations. Values of a profit are depended on reliability of electricity supply. Simulation of random values is carried out by the Monte Carlo method.
Analysis of reliability of systems with component-wise storages
Authors: Obzherin Yuriy E. , Sidorov Stanislav M , Nikitin Mikhail M
Published: October 2018

Time redundancy is a method of increasing the reliability and efficiency of the operation of systems for various purposes, in particular, energy systems. A system with time redundancy is given additional time (a time reserve) for restoring characteristics. In this paper, based on the theory of semi-Markov processes with a common phase space of states, a semi-Markov model of a two-component system with a component-wise instantly replenished time reserve is constructed. The stationary reliability characteristics of the system under consideration are determined.