bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between blood test results and vasovagal reactions: An intra‐individual comparative retrospective analysis of blood donor data in Japan
Authors: Chijiiwa Taeko , Hirata Akie , Okui Tasuku , Iwasaki Junko , Nakashima Naoki , Kumagawa Midori
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

To determine whether intra‐individual differences in pre‐donation blood test results were associated with vasovagal reactions (VVRs).

Materials and Methods

The study included donors who voluntarily donated 400 mL of whole blood at least twice during a 5‐year blood collection period of the Japanese Red Cross, including both donations with and without a VVR. A conditional logistic regression analysis by age group and sex was conducted, using each donor as a stratum, together with an analysis of deviance to test the significance of including an interaction term between age group and blood data in the regression model.

Results

A total of 1873 donors were included in the analysis. Haemoglobin, haematocrit, total protein and albumin values prior to donation were higher when a VVR was observed than when it was not for each age group and sex. The regression analysis showed significant positive associations between each of these blood parameters and VVR in all combinations of age groups and sex. A particularly strong positive association between haemoglobin and VVRs is seen in women aged ≥50 years (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 1.844 [1.457, 2.333]).

Conclusion

Haemoglobin, haematocrit, total protein and albumin levels within individual donors were significantly higher at donation with a VVR. This was most notable in women aged ≥50 years. Comparing the pre‐donation haemoglobin value with past values in the same donor at the donation site would help raise awareness of the risk of VVRs.
Sport and School Burnout in Norwegian Lower Secondary School Student-Athletes: A Person-Oriented Approach
Authors: Saarinen Milla , Phipps Daniel J. , Jordalen Gro , Bjørndal Christian Thue
Published: January 2025

The study examined burnout profiles in adolescent student-athletes based on sport and school burnout symptoms. We explored whether psychological distress, self-esteem, athletic identity, and student identity were associated with these profiles, accounting for age, gender, and type of sport. Participants included 642 student-athletes from Grades 8–10 (age 12–14, 57% males and 43% females) in eight Norwegian sport schools. Using latent profile analysis, we identified five profiles: mild sport and school burnout (46%), high burnout (22.5%), well-functioning (17.9%), predominantly school burnout (8.6%), and predominantly sport burnout (5%). Female student-athletes and those in Grades 9–10 were more at risk. Low self-esteem and high psychological distress increased the likelihood of burnout in sport and school, while a strong student identity seemed to protect against school burnout. These findings suggest that combining competitive sport with education at an early age may put student-athletes at risk for burnout symptoms in sport and school.
cSTAR analysis identifies endothelial cell cycle as a key regulator of flow-dependent artery remodeling
Authors: Deng Hanqiang , Rukhlenko Oleksii S. , Joshi Divyesh , Hu Xiaoyue , Junk Philipp , Tuliakova Anna , Kholodenko Boris N. , Schwartz Martin A.
Published: January 2025

Fluid shear stress (FSS) from blood flow sensed by vascular endothelial cells (ECs) determines vessel behavior, but regulatory mechanisms are only partially understood. We used cell state transition assessment and regulation (cSTAR), a powerful computational method, to elucidate EC transcriptomic states under low shear stress (LSS), physiological shear stress (PSS), high shear stress (HSS), and oscillatory shear stress (OSS) that induce vessel inward remodeling, stabilization, outward remodeling, or disease susceptibility, respectively. Combined with a publicly available database on EC transcriptomic responses to drug treatments, this approach inferred a regulatory network controlling EC states and made several notable predictions. Particularly, inhibiting cell cycle–dependent kinase (CDK) 2 was predicted to initiate inward remodeling and promote atherogenesis. In vitro, PSS activated CDK2 and induced late G
1
cell cycle arrest. In mice, EC deletion of CDK2 triggered inward artery remodeling, pulmonary and systemic hypertension, and accelerated atherosclerosis. These results validate use of cSTAR and identify key determinants of normal and pathological artery remodeling.
Global niche partitioning of purine and pyrimidine cross-feeding among ocean microbes
Authors: Braakman Rogier , Satinsky Brandon , O’Keefe Tyler J. , Longnecker Krista , Hogle Shane L. , Becker Jamie W. , Li Robert C. , Dooley Keven , Arellano Aldo , Kido Soule Melissa C. , Kujawinski Elizabeth B. , Chisholm Sallie W.
Published: January 2025

Cross-feeding involves microbes consuming exudates of other surrounding microbes, mediating elemental cycling. Characterizing the diversity of cross-feeding pathways in ocean microbes illuminates evolutionary forces driving self-organization of ocean ecosystems. Here, we uncover a purine and pyrimidine cross-feeding network in globally abundant groups. The cyanobacterium
Prochlorococcus
exudes both compound classes, which metabolic reconstructions suggest follows synchronous daily genome replication. Co-occurring heterotrophs differentiate into purine- and pyrimidine-using generalists or specialists that use compounds for different purposes. The most abundant heterotroph, SAR11, is a specialist that uses purines as sources of energy, carbon, and/or nitrogen, with subgroups differentiating along ocean-scale gradients in the supply of energy and nitrogen, in turn producing putative cryptic nitrogen cycles that link many microbes. Last, in an SAR11 subgroup that dominates where
Prochlorococcus
is abundant, adenine additions to cultures inhibit DNA synthesis, poising cells for replication. We argue that this subgroup uses inferred daily adenine pulses from
Prochlorococcus
to synchronize to the daily photosynthate supply from surrounding phytoplankton.
Organic carbon dry deposition outpaces atmospheric processing with unaccounted implications for air quality and freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Liggio John , Makar Paul , Li Shao-Meng , Hayden Katherine , Darlington Andrea , Moussa Samar , Wren Sumi , Staebler Ralf , Wentzell Jeremy , Wheeler Michael , Leithead Amy , Mittermeier Richard , Narayan Julie , Wolde Mengistu , Blanchard Dane , Aherne Julian , Kirk Jane , Lee Colin , Stroud Craig , Zhang Junhua , Akingunola Ayodeji , Katal Ali , Cheung Philip , Ghahreman Roya , Majdzadeh Mahtab , He Megan , Ditto Jenna , Gentner Drew R.
Published: January 2025

Dry deposition is an important yet poorly constrained process that removes reactive organic carbon from the atmosphere, making it unavailable for airborne chemical reactions and transferring it to other environmental systems. Using an aircraft-based measurement method, we provide large-scale estimates of total gas-phase organic carbon deposition rates and fluxes. Observed deposition rates downwind of large-scale unconventional oil operations reached up to 100 tC hour
−1
, with fluxes exceeding 0.1 gC m
−2
hour
−1
. The observed deposition lifetimes (τ
dep
) were short enough (i.e., 4 ± 2 hours) to compete with chemical oxidation processes and affect the fate of atmospheric reactive carbon. Yet, much of this deposited organic carbon cannot be accounted for using traditional gas-phase deposition algorithms used in regional air quality models, signifying underrepresented, but influential, chemical-physical surface properties and processes. Furthermore, these fluxes represent a major unaccounted contribution of reactive carbon to downwind freshwater ecosystems that outweigh terrestrial sources, necessitating the inclusion of dry deposition in aquatic carbon balances and models.
High-resolution cryo-EM using a common LaB
6
120-keV electron microscope equipped with a sub–200-keV direct electron detector
Authors: Venugopal Hariprasad , Mobbs Jesse , Taveneau Cyntia , Fox Daniel R. , Vuckovic Ziva , Gulati Sahil , Knott Gavin , Grinter Rhys , Thal David , Mick Stephen , Czarnik Cory , Ramm Georg
Published: January 2025

High-resolution cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) requires costly 200- to 300-keV cryo–transmission electron microscopes (cryo-TEMs) with field emission gun (FEG) sources, stable columns, constant-powered lenses, autoloader, and direct electron detectors (DED). Recent advances in 100-keV imaging with the emergence of sub–200-keV optimized DED technology promises the development of more affordable cryo-TEMs. So far, 100-keV imaging has required microscopes with FEG sources. We here explored whether a standard 120-keV TEMs with thermionic lanthanum hexaboride (LaB
6
) source can be upgraded with a sub–200-keV DED for high-resolution cryo-EM. Using this imaging configuration, we successfully obtained a 2.65 Å reconstruction for apoferritin, 4.33 Å for 64-kDa hemoglobin, and 4.4 Å for an asymmetric 153kDa membrane protein GPCR. All results were achieved using standard automated data collection with SerialEM, demonstrating the feasibility to collect large cryo-EM datasets with a side-entry cryo-holder. These results showcase a widely accessible solution to obtaining interpretable cryo-EM structures at low cost and contribute to the “democratization” of cryo-EM.
Large-area radiation-modulated thermoelectric fabrics for high-performance thermal management and electricity generation
Authors: Liu Jin-Zhuo , Jiang Wangkai , Zhuo Sheng , Rong Yun , Li Yuan-Yuan , Lu Hang , Hu Jianchen , Wang Xiao-Qiao , Chen Weifan , Liao Liang-Sheng , Zhuo Ming-Peng , Zhang Ke-Qin
Published: January 2025

Flexible thermoelectric systems capable of converting human body heat or solar heat into sustainable electricity are crucial for the development of self-powered wearable electronics. However, challenges persist in maintaining a stable temperature gradient and enabling scalable fabrication for their commercialization. Herein, we present a facile approach involving the screen printing of large-scale carbon nanotube (CNT)–based thermoelectric arrays on conventional textile. These arrays were integrated with the radiation-modulated thermoelectric fabrics of electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) membranes for the low-cost and high-performance wearable self-power application. Combined with the excellent photothermal properties of CNTs, the resulting thermoelectric fabric (0.2 square meters) achieves a substantial Δ
T
of 37 kelvin under a solar intensity of ~800 watt per square meter, yielding a peak power density of 0.20 milliwatt per square meter. This study offers a pragmatic pathway to simultaneously address thermal management and electricity generation in self-powered wearable applications by efficiently harvesting solar energy.
Transcriptomic DN3 clock neuron subtypes regulate
Drosophila
sleep
Authors: Ma Dingbang , Le Jasmine Quynh , Dai Xihuimin , Díaz Madelen M. , Abruzzi Katharine C. , Rosbash Michael
Published: January 2025

Circadian neurons within animal brains orchestrate myriad physiological processes and behaviors, but the contribution of these neurons to the regulation of sleep is not well understood. To address this deficiency, we leveraged single-cell RNA sequencing to generate a comprehensive census of transcriptomic cell types of
Drosophila
clock neurons. We focused principally on the enigmatic DN3s, which constitute most fly brain clock neurons and were previously almost completely uncharacterized. These DN3s are organized into 12 clusters with unusual gene expression features compared to the more well-studied clock neurons. We further show that previously uncharacterized DN3 subtypes promote sleep through a G protein–coupled receptor,
TrissinR
. Our findings indicate an intricate regulation of sleep behavior by clock neurons and highlight their remarkable diversity in gene expression and functional properties.
Determinants of vacancy formation and migration in high-entropy alloys
Authors: Luo Zhiling , Gao Wang , Jiang Qing
Published: January 2025

Vacancies are crucial for the radiation resistance, strength, and ductility of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). However, complex electronic interactions resulting from chemical disorder prohibit the quantification of vacancy formation energy (
E
f
) and migration barriers (
E
b
). Herein, we propose an electronic descriptor χ
S
v
(electronegativity χ and valence-electron number
S
v
) to quantify the bonding strength of constituents on the basis of the tight-binding model, which allows us to build analytical models to achieve the site-to-site quantification of
E
f
and
E
b
. The descriptor χ
S
v
reflects the d-band occupation, indicating the dominant role of the electronic interactions in the vacancy formation and migration of HEAs. As a size effect, local lattice distortion plays a more important role in vacancy migration than in vacancy formation. Our model establishes a universal physical picture of vacancy formation and migration, which helps to understand the radiation resistance and mechanical properties of HEAs, thereby accelerating the design of high-performance HEAs.
Two-electron two-nucleus effective Hamiltonian and the spin diffusion barrier
Authors: von Witte Gevin , Kozerke Sebastian , Ernst Matthias
Published: January 2025

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and emerging quantum technologies rely on the spin transfer in electron-nuclear hybrid quantum systems. Spin transfers might be suppressed by larger couplings, e.g., hyperfine couplings suppressing nuclear dipolar flip-flops (”spin diffusion barrier”). We apply the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation to a two-electron two-nucleus spin system involving dipolar and hyperfine couplings in their tensorial form and study possible polarization-transfer processes. Among the different effective Hamiltonian matrix elements investigated is an energy-conserving electron-nuclear four-spin flip-flop, which combines an electronic with a nuclear dipolar flip-flop. The relevance of this electron-nuclear four-spin flip-flop for nuclear spin diffusion close to electrons is supported by model fits of HypRes-on experimental data. We connect the closely related fields of magnetic resonance and quantum information and provide a model that explains how all nuclear spins can contribute to the hyperpolarization of the bulk without a spin diffusion barrier in DNP.
Large-scale multicenter study reveals anticitrullinated SR-A peptide antibody as a biomarker and exacerbator for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Xie Yang , Wei Chaonan , Fu Dongdong , Zhang Wei , Du Yan , Huang Chuncui , Liu Shuyan , Yao Ranran , He Zihao , Zhang Shenghua , Jin Xu , Shen Bin , Cao Lulu , Wang Ping , Fang Xiangyu , Zheng Xi , Lin Hongying , Wei Xihua , Lin Wenhao , Bai Mingxin , Zhu Danxue , Li Yingni , Ding Yamin , Zhu Huaqun , Ye Hua , He Jing , Su Yin , Jia Yuan , Wu Huaxiang , Wang Yongfu , Xing Dan , Qiu Xiaoyan , Li Zhanguo , Hu Fanlei
Published: January 2025

Current diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still challenging. More than one-third of patients with RA could not be accurately diagnosed because of lacking biomarkers. Our recent study reported that scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) is a biomarker for RA, especially for anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP)–negative RA. Here, we further identified the B cell autoantigenic epitopes of SR-A. By a large-scale multicenter study including one training and three validation cohorts of 1954 participants, we showed that anticitrullinated SR-A peptide antibody (anti-CSP) was exclusively elevated in RA as a biomarker, particularly useful for seronegative RA. Combination of anti-CSP with anti-CCP demonstrated superior diagnostic value for RA, with sensitivity of 84.83% and specificity of 92.43%. Moreover, RA anti-CSP revealed distinct glycosylation patterns, capable of provoking inflammation in cartilage organoids and exacerbating disease progression in experimental arthritis. Together, these data identify anti-CSP as an RA autoantibody clinically applicable and actively involved in disease pathogenesis.
Its own architect: Flipping cardiolipin synthase
Authors: Sawasato Katsuhiro , Dowhan William , Bogdanov Mikhail
Published: January 2025

Current dogma assumes that lipid asymmetry in biological membranes is actively maintained and dispensable for cell viability. The inner (cytoplasmic) membrane (IM) of
Escherichia coli
is asymmetric. However, the molecular mechanism that maintains this uneven distribution is unknown. We engineered a conditionally lethal phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)–deficient mutant in which the presence of cardiolipin (CL) on the periplasmic leaflet of the IM is essential for viability, revealing a mechanism that provides CL on the desired leaflet of the IM. CL synthase (ClsA) flips its catalytic cytoplasmic domain upon depletion of PE to supply nonbilayer-prone CL in the periplasmic leaflet of the IM for cell viability. In the presence of a physiological amount of PE, osmotic down-shock induces a topological inversion of ClsA, establishing the biological relevance of membrane protein reorientations in wild-type cells. These findings support a flippase-less mechanism for maintaining membrane lipid asymmetry in biogenic membranes by self-organization of a lipid-synthesizing enzyme.
SNIPR alert! Making T cells more precise killers
Authors: Chuck Jonathan , Solt Laura A.
Published: January 2025

A cell engineering approach demonstrates that precise regulation of cell signaling can be achieved using both endogenous and synthetic ligands.
Supplemental Material: Substantial carbon dioxide release from subducted dolomitic carbonate driven by episodic infiltration of eclogite-facies fluids
Authors: Guo Shun , al. et
Published: January 2025

Extended texts, figures, and tables for methods and dataset. 
Injury risk factors and their priority for mitigation in women’s netball: a systematic review and Delphi consensus
Authors: Whitehead Sarah , Mackay Lois , Jones Ben , Heyward Omar , Fox Aaron S , Chesson Lucy Jane , Scantlebury Sean , Janse van Rensburg Dina Christina (Christa)
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to establish consensus on injury risk factors in netball via a combined systematic review and Delphi method approach. A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL) was conducted from inception until June 2023. Twenty-four risk factors were extracted from 17 studies and combined with a three-round Delphi approach to achieve consensus. In round one, experts listed perceived risk factors for injury in netball which were combined with the risk factors identified via the systematic review. In round two and round three, experts rated their level of agreement with each risk factor on a 5-point Likert scale (1, strongly disagree to 5, strongly agree). Consensus was defined as ≥80% agreement (with<10% in disagreement). In round three, experts also rated the priority for mitigating the risk factor (1, very low to 5, very high). Nineteen experts participated in round one and round two, and 16 participated in round three (response rate 84%). One-hundred and nine risk factors for injury were identified by the systematic review and experts combined. Sixty-one risk factors reached consensus, categorised into five groups: ‘individual characteristics’ (n=22), ‘lifestyle’ (n=11), ‘training and competition’ (n=14), ‘sport science and medical provision’ (n=6) and ‘facilities and equipment’ (n=8). ‘Poor landing technique/mechanics’ had a median (IQR) mitigation priority rating of 5 (1), while all others had median ratings of 3–4.5. This study identifies a range of risk factors for injury, provides focus areas for injury prevention and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to injury mitigation in netball.
Long-term effects of duodenal mucosal resurfacing and liraglutide on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Busch Celine B E , Rubingh Julia , van Baar Annieke C G , Nieuwdorp Max , Bergman Jacques J G H M
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Endoscopic duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) induces mucosal regeneration through hydrothermal ablation. Studies have shown that DMR improves hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. The INSPIRE study (n=16) aimed to eliminate insulin by combining DMR with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA). At 18 months, 53% of patients were off insulin with adequate glycaemic control. This retrospective analysis evaluates long-term effects of DMR and GLP-1RA.

Research design and methods

Fourteen patients gave consent for the prolonged follow-up and data on glycaemic control, medication and DMR satisfaction were obtained via general practitioners. Primary endpoint was the number of patients off insulin with glycaemic control (haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≤58 mmol/mol (7.5%)) at 4 years post DMR. Secondary endpoints were changes in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), weight, body mass index (BMI), use of glucose-lowering medications, treatment satisfaction and willingness to undergo DMR retreatment.

Results

Nine out of 14 patients (64%) were off insulin at 4 years. Of these, five patients (36% of study population) were adequately controlled. HbA1c and FPG did not change significantly, whereas BMI decreased at 3 and 4 years. Among the responders at 12 months, there was 80% durability at 4 years. Patients rated the DMR procedure 9 out of 10 and 86% were willing to undergo DMR retreatment.

Conclusions

Despite a stable number of patients remaining off insulin, a decrease in patients with adequate glycaemic control was observed. This suggests a slightly fading long-term DMR effect on glycaemia. High patient satisfaction and willingness for DMR retreatment indicate a promising avenue for further research.
Assessment of Saudi society’s attitudes towards implementing food polices of determining meal sizes and calories in food establishments
Authors: Alhelal Zahra M , Tami Suzan H
Published: January 2025

In 2020, the Saudi Food and Drug Authority introduced the Wajbati Rashaqati initiative to improve the quality of meals served in food establishments. The initiative included creating a menu for healthy meals with balanced nutritional elements; monitoring salt, sugar and fat content and reducing portion sizes. This study aimed to measure: (1) the awareness of Saudi adults regarding food calories and the method of calculating them; (2) the extent of Saudi adults’ knowledge of the initiative; (3) the readiness and extent of willingness of Saudi adults to commit to the initiative; (4) the relationship between Saudi adults’ body mass index (BMI), their calorie awareness and their readiness to implement the initiative and (5) the relationship between Saudi adults’ demographic factors, their calorie awareness and their readiness to implement the initiative. This cross-sectional study took place in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia, and the study data were collected through an electronic questionnaire. 519 Saudi adults participated in this study, and over 50% of the participants were female, married, with a bachelor’s degree and of a normal weight. Over 50% of the participants reported that they had knowledge of food calories and how to calculate their daily calories. Over 70% of the participants supported the initiative for determining the sizes and calories of foods available in food establishments, believing that this initiative might contribute to reducing obesity and chronic diseases. The χ2analysis revealed a significant correlation between participants’ BMI and their commitment to daily calorie needs (p=0.001). Based on regression analysis findings, individuals highly aware of their daily calorie intake were more likely to practice portion control, understand the health implications of dietary choices, and support the Wajbati Rashaqati initiative. Sociodemographic characteristics influenced individuals’ knowledge and endorsement of the initiative. Females, low-income participants and those with a high school diploma or less were more supportive, knowledgeable and informed about the initiative. The results of this study may contribute as a guide to implementing the initiative. It also may help decision makers to raise community awareness regarding dietary reference values, as well as to plan programmes to improve dietary behaviours.
Hand acceleration time (HAT) as a diagnostic tool in the assessment of haemodialysis access-induced distal ischaemia (HAIDI): study protocol for a prospective cohort study in the Barcelona south metropolitan area
Authors: Gonzalo Begoña , Videla Sebastian , Espinar Emma , Palacios Siloé , Herranz Carolina , Iborra Ortega Elena
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Chronic hand ischaemia may affect some haemodialysis patients with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or graft (AVG), a condition known as haemodialysis access-induced distal ischaemia (HAIDI). Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) can provide comprehensive insights into anatomical and perfusion properties, and measuring the hand acceleration time (HAT) has been demonstrated to be sensitive within the framework of chronic upper limb ischaemia.

Methods and analysis

This single-centre, prospective cohort study will involve adult end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients requiring either AVF or AVG for haemodialysis. The primary outcome will be HAT values (measured at the radial, ulnar and four hand arteries) before and after surgery. Secondary outcomes will include the incidence of HAIDI, vascular access patency, and the incidence of complications. A sample size of 126 subjects will be required to estimate HAIDI incidence with a 95% CI and ±5% precision. Statistical analyses will involve paired t-tests to compare preoperative and postoperative HAT values and determine optimal HAT cut-off values for diagnosing HAIDI.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Bellvitge University Hospital Institutional Review Board (PR 201/23). Written informed consent will be obtained from all study participants before any study-related procedure is performed. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrial.gov:
NCT06187207
Pre Results.
Suicide by suffocation among Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Veterans in the USA (2012–2018)
Authors: Monteith Lindsey L , Kittel Julie A , Polzer Evan R , Holliday Ryan , Simonetti Joseph A , Hoffmire Claire A
Published: January 2025

Background

Suicide rates have increased substantially among Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) Veterans who are more likely to use suffocation as a suicide method than Veterans overall. This study examined demographic, healthcare and injury characteristics of AANHPI Veterans who died by suicide through suffocation and examined the contexts of these deaths. Analyses further examined if there were differences between AANHPI and non-AANHPI Veterans who died by suffocation suicide.

Methods

This mixed methods analysis used National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) data from AANHPI (n=44) and non-AANHPI (n=3090) Veterans who died by suicide through suffocation (2012–2018).

Results

Hanging comprised nearly all suffocation deaths, although ligature types varied extensively. Residence was the most common location of injury and death, with basements a more common location of death within the home among AANHPI Veterans, relative to a matched, non-AANHPI Veteran sample. There was a significantly higher proportion of females among AANHPI decedents. Additionally, AANHPI decedents were significantly less likely to have emergency medical services present, relative to non-AANHPI decedents. The majority of AANHPI decedents were discovered by family or an intimate partner.

Conclusions

Addressing ligature suicide among AANHPI Veterans is necessary to ensure an equitable suicide prevention approach. Lethal means safety initiatives and postvention strategies that consider salient contextual factors (eg, location of death, discovery by loved ones) are warranted for this population. Considering the ubiquity of ligatures and ligature points, upstream suicide prevention approaches that address drivers of suicide risk are particularly important for preventing suicide among AANHPI Veterans.
Transvenous embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations featuring multiple draining veins with 4D-DSA: a case series and technical insights
Authors: de Oliveira Souza Natalia Vasconcellos , Lima Vinicius Moreira , Rouchaud Aymeric , Saleme Suzana , Mounayer Charbel
Published: January 2025

Background

Hemorrhage is a major complication of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) embolization, which can be related to persistent arteriovenous shunts that were not completely occluded during the embolization. In transvenous embolization (TVE) this risk is deemed higher for AVMs larger than 3 cm featuring multiple veins of drainage. Herein, we will discuss a few selected cases where brain AVMs with more than one draining vein were deemed safe for curative embolization with advanced endovascular techniques after a careful anatomical study through the four dimensional-digital subtraction angiography (4D-DSA) imaging.

Methods

Four brain AVMs with more than one draining vein were selected from our database. A curative embolization through advanced endovascular techniques with curative intent was planned with the 4D-DSA. Immediate and 6 month angiographic controls are provided, as well as post-procedure MRI.

Results

All 4 cases were successfully embolized, with stable 6 month angiographic controls. Although multiple draining veins were present, the 4D-DSA allowed the identification of favorable venous anatomy, such as a connection point between draining veins in case 1, as well as a main draining vein in cases 2 and 3. Case four is an exception to this, and although the AVM was cured patient presented asymptomatic ischemia after treatment. The anatomical insights gained through 4D-DSA imaging and the advanced endovascular techniques employed are discussed in detail.

Conclusion

Brain AVMs with multiple draining veins may behave like featuring a single draining vein, which can be identified through a careful anatomical study in the 4D-DSA, highlighting its importance for a safe endovascular treatment.
Statistical principles in neurointervention part 1: basic principles, descriptive statistics and univariable analysis
Authors: Diprose William , Harmon Megan , Brown Scott B , Holodinsky Jessalyn K , Ospel Johanna M
Published: January 2025

Neurointervention has seen significant advancements in recent decades with the adoption of myriad new technologies and techniques. Initially reliant on case reports and small case series, we now benefit from multicenter studies and randomized trials that can provide robust practice-changing evidencea and often employ sophisticated statistical methods. This two-part series on statistical principles in neurointervention aims to equip neurointerventionalists with essential statistical knowledge for critically reviewing literature and conducting methodologically sound research. This first part of the series covers fundamental concepts such as frequentism, data types, data summarization, data visualization, hypothesis testing, univariable analysis, and common study types.
Classification of links up to one-two-way pass-move
Authors: Kim Hyejung , Lee Jung Hoon
Published: January 2025

We define a local move for links called the one-two-way pass-move, abbreviated briefly as the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-move. The [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-move is motivated from the pass-move and the [Formula: see text]-move, and it is a hybrid of them. We give a complete classification of links up to [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-move. In fact, we show that the equivalence under the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-move is the same as that of the pass-move. On the other hand, we show that the number of [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-moves behaves differently from the number of pass-moves.
Fundamentals of classical and quantum stochastic filtering theory
Authors: Parthasarathy Harish , Garg Naman
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we first derive the discrete time recursive stochastic filtering equations for a classical Markov process when noisy measurements of the process are made with the measurement noise at each discrete sample forms an iid Gaussian or non-Gaussian process. The filter involves deriving general formulae for the conditional mean process given measurements up to that time and also simultaneously recursive formulae for the conditional moments of the estimation error process. In the next section, we build upon the method of John Gough et al., to construct a supersymmetric quantum stochastic filter, i.e. the supersymmetric Belavkin filter. The construction of supersymmetric noise in the Hudson–Parthasarathy noisy Schrödinger equation is based on constructing Fermionic noise by applying a twist to Bosonic noise, i.e. [Formula: see text]. Such a Fermionic noise has memory unlike the Bosonic noise and satisfies the Canonical Anti-commutation Relations (CAR). We prove that when a superposition of Bosonic quantum Brownian motion and Bosonic counting process along with Fermionic counting process is measured through the Hudson–Parthasarathy noisy Schrödinger system with both Bosonic and supersymmetric noise, then it satisfies the non-demolition property and hence conditional expectations can be defined. The construction of the quantum filter here involves taking into consideration all the positive integer powers of the output measurement noise differential and we give an algorithm for computing these powers based on the quantum Ito’s formula. The method for deriving a countably infinite number of linear equations for the filter coefficients is based on the reference probability method of Gough et al. The method of constructing supersymmetric noise for driving the HPS equation is based on the work of Timothy Eyre. The main result of this paper is to derive an infinite system of linear equations for the quantum filter coefficients thereby yielding a real-time implementable filter for estimating system observables or equivalently, the system mixed state from the most general form of non-demolition measurements comprising Bosonic continuous and counting noise plus Fermionic counting noise.
A Neural Network-Based Model for Hydrogen–Air Combustion
Authors: Kosyanchuk Vasily
Published: January 2025

Chemistry evaluation is a bottleneck to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of many real-life problems such as propulsion system design, engine diagnostics, and atmospheric modeling. In this work, we study approach for accelerating chemical kinetics calculations using artificial neural networks (ANNs) on the example of combustion of a hydrogen–air mixture. This work carries out a detailed exploratory study of the optimal design of a fully connected neural network, including the number of network parameters, number of layers as well as used activation function. Part of the work is also dedicated to investigation and optimization of network training process itself. Comparison with the results of other works, bringing some unification to the widely disparate reported results, is also performed. Links to the used datasets and the resulting neural network are provided.
Determination of Oscillation Periods of Biological Clocks
Authors: Hernández-Trujillo Jesús , Franco-Pérez Marco , Pisanty-Baruch Alejandro
Published: January 2025

Periodic motion is of paramount importance in science and engineering. The subject is usually covered in courses related to “waves and vibrations”, and Fourier series are frequently used as a tool of analysis of diverse phenomena. In addition, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is a means of signal processing in many fields. In this contribution, the periodic patterns of three different biological oscillators are examined using numerical tools suitable for students in the early stages of chemistry, physics, and engineering-oriented careers. The DFT is used to reveal oscillation periods related to the circadian and the menstrual cycles. The time evolution of the segmentation clock, a molecular oscillator operating at the genetic level in the early stages of embryonic growth of vertebrates, is also analyzed. Aimed at both students and instructors, brief descriptions of the methodologies involved are provided and a critical assessment of the results obtained with either of these techniques is carried out.
How Software Bugs led to “One of the Greatest Miscarriages of Justice” in British History
Authors: Halper Mark
Published: January 2025

Fujitsu’s Horizon point of sale accounting software had trouble with arithmetic due to flaws dating back to its development. Innocent branch managers paid a huge price.
Morescient GAI for Software Engineering
Authors: Kessel Marcus , Atkinson Colin
Published: January 2025

The ability of Generative AI (GAI) technology to automatically check, synthesize and modify software engineering artifacts promises to revolutionize all aspects of software engineering. Using GAI for software engineering tasks is consequently one of the most rapidly expanding fields of software engineering research, with over a hundred LLM-based code models having been published since 2021. However, the overwhelming majority of existing code models share a major weakness – they are exclusively trained on the syntactic facet of software, significantly lowering their trustworthiness in tasks dependent on software semantics. To address this problem, a new class of “Morescient” GAI is needed that is “aware” of (i.e., trained on) both the semantic and static facets of software. This, in turn, will require a new generation of software observation platforms capable of generating large quantities of execution observations in a structured and readily analyzable way. In this paper, we present a vision and roadmap for how such “Morescient” GAI models can be engineered, evolved and disseminated according to the principles of open science.
dEREGulated pathways: unraveling the role of epiregulin in skin, kidney, and lung fibrosis
Authors: Ezaddoustdar Aysan , Kalina Daniel , Bielohuby Maximilian , Boehm Mario , Wygrecka Malgorzata
Published: January 2025

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved mechanism to control cell behavior during tissue development and homeostasis. Deregulation of this pathway has been associated with abnormal cell behavior, including hyperproliferation, senescence, and an inflammatory cell phenotype, thereby contributing to pathologies across a variety of organs, including the kidneys, skin, and lungs. To date, there are seven distinct EGFR ligands described. Although binding of these ligands to the receptor is cell type-specific and spatio-temporally controlled with distinct affinities and kinetics, epiregulin (EREG) stands out as a long-acting EGFR ligand that emerges under pathological conditions, particularly in tissue fibrosis. Although EREG has been extensively studied in cancer, its contribution to the maladaptive remodeling of tissue is elusive. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of EREG in skin, kidney, and lung fibrosis and to discuss opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
System Optimization of Multistack and Multimotor Powertrain for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
Authors: Kwon Kihan , Lim Sang-Kil , Lee Jung-Hwan
Published: January 2025

Multistack and multimotor powertrain systems have significant potential for improving the efficiency and performance of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) compared to conventional powertrain systems. To achieve a superior powertrain system, the major components such as the stack, motor, and transmission of the multistack and multimotor systems should be optimized. To analyze the energy efficiency and dynamic performance of the FCEV, an FCEV analysis model was developed. This model included a two‐stack and two‐motor powertrain system (2S2M) employing a stack power and motor torque distribution strategy. An optimization problem was formulated with stack transition power, motor torque distribution, and transmission gear ratios as the optimization variables and hydrogen consumption and acceleration time as the objectives for efficiency and performance measures, respectively. An artificial neural network (ANN) model‐based optimization method was used to address the computational burden of multiobjective optimization. The optimization results highlighted the Pareto front for the FCEV employing 2S2M, showing a trade‐off relationship between the efficiency and performance of the FCEV. Compared to the conventional powertrain system, the 2S2M can reduce hydrogen consumption and acceleration time by up to 7.9% and 6.2%, respectively. An analysis of the distribution of optimal solutions and a comparison of the Pareto fronts for each optimization variable highlighted the necessity for the proposed system optimization method. Furthermore, a comparison between the FCEV and ANN models in terms of computational time for the optimization demonstrated the effectiveness of the ANN model‐based multiobjective optimization.
Parents’ Experiences of Accessing Support for Adversities that Impact Their Parenting: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence
Authors: Lines Lauren Elizabeth , Kakyo Tracy Alexis , Anderson Jacqueline , Sivertsen Nina , Hunter Sarah
Published: January 2025

Adversities during childhood such as experiences of neglect, parental mental illness, substance use, financial stress, unstable housing and racism/discrimination have cumulative and harmful lifelong impacts. Early identification, intervention and support for parents, families and communities experiencing adversity can enhance their capacity to provide environments where children can thrive and reach their full potential. However, parents experience many barriers to seeking support including experiences of judgement, blame and discrimination when accessing services. This systematic review of qualitative evidence aimed to explore parents’ experiences of interactions with health, welfare and educational professionals when accessing support for adversities that impact parental capacity and children’s health, development or wellbeing in the early years (0–5 years). In doing so, we specifically aimed to explore elements of professionals’ interactions that parents viewed either positively or negatively to inform future policy, practice, education and research. After the screening process, 16 studies were included in the synthesis. Key findings highlighted that although health and welfare services should be promoting parental capacity to raise thriving children, parents frequently experienced professionals who were unwilling to listen, disrespectful and restricted parents’ participation. Furthermore, parents felt the complexity of their lives was not acknowledged and felt blamed for broader socioeconomic circumstances and intergenerational patterns of marginalisation. Conversely, positive experiences came from professionals who engaged in genuine relationships that provided emotional and practical supports that empowered parents to change. These findings highlight the need for change across all levels of service delivery, inclusive of individual professionals through to the systems and policies underpinning the structure and provision of services for parents and families. Further work is needed to explore how to implement and sustain effective change across multiple sectors to inform consistent, empathetic and therapeutic approaches to supporting parents, so children can grow and thrive within their own families and communities.
Focusing Attention to Improve Throwing Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring the Influence of Working Memory
Authors: Ramadan Qaith Mohammad , Sabaghi Ayoob , Heirani Ali
Published: January 2025

This study is aimed at investigating the impact of internal and external attention focus on learning a throwing skill in children with autism, as well as the relationship between working memory and learning rate. Twenty‐four children aged 6–8 years with autism were assigned to internal and external attention groups. Participants performed a throwing task while their working memory was assessed using Cornoldi’s working memory test. The data was analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures involving two attention instructions and five blocks during the acquisition stage. An independent t‐test was conducted during the retention phase. Furthermore, a Pearson correlation test was utilized to explore any potential relationship between working memory and performance in both the acquisition and retention stages. Data analysis revealed no significant difference between the internal and external attention groups during the acquisition phase (p > 0.05), but a significant difference was found in the retention phase (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between working memory and learning outcomes (p > 0.05). The results suggest that internal attention may enhance motor learning in children with autism, and reducing working memory load does not necessarily favor external attention.
Assessing the Validity of Computerized Algorithms for Determining Pulse Wave Velocity: A Clinical Study
Authors: Tairi Amira , Obeid Hasan , Addour Saliha , Butlin Mark , Avolio Alberto P. , Fortier Catherine , Agharazii Mohsen
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Aortic stiffness, assessed through carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Measurements of PWV are based on the proper identification of the foot of the pulse waveform by either the maximum of the second-derivative method (as used in Complior) or the intersecting tangents algorithms (as used in SphygmoCor). These approaches can give different results, especially at higher PWV ranges. However, these devices also differ by signal acquisition technology, signal filtering, and quality control algorithms, making the true contribution of analytical algorithms uncertain. The aim of the present study was to identify the differences in pulse transit time (PTT) and PWV calculated by these two algorithms when provided with the same input signal. Methods: In 113 subjects, 346 recordings of 10 s were obtained using the Complior Analyse system (PWVComp-2nd). The pulse waves were imported into MATLAB and filtered (n = 4,102 pairs of pulse waves), where after inspection 3,770 pairs were available for determination of PTT using second-derivative and intersecting tangents algorithms (PTTMat-2nd and PTTMat-IT) and the respective PWVMat-2nd and PWVMat-IT for each pair. Additionally, the same pulse wave recordings were analyzed using the SphygmoCor system in simulation mode, employing the intersecting tangents algorithm (PWVSphyg-IT). Results: The mean beat-by-beat PTTMat-2nd and PTTMat-IT were 54.55 ± 18.55 ms (range 15.00–129.00) and 54.61 ± 18.61 ms (range 15.00–126.00) (p = 0.09), respectively. The mean per participant PWVMat-2nd and PWVMat-IT were 9.67 ± 3.46 m/s and 9.66 ± 3.4 m/s with a mean difference of 0.01 ± 0.32 m/s (p = 0.35). The PWVComp-2nd and PWVSphyg-IT were 9.48 ± 3.25 m/s and 9.59 ± 3.25 m/s with a mean difference of 0.11 ± 0.66 m/s (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The present study shows that the difference between the two algorithms is negligible across a wide range of PTT and hence does not support the need for adjusting PWV according to the algorithm used for determining PTT.