bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining ability analysis for fruit yield and related traits in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) using Line × Tester mating design
Authors: Imamuddin S , Dhirendra S , Rajesh S K , Satvinder S , Raju Y R , Udit J , Aakash K D , Kuldeep  , Hitaishi K , Neelima R
Published: February 2025

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is a significant vegetable crop, widely cultivated and consumed in households across India. Enhancing fruit production per unit area requires a focus on key traits such as early maturity, enhanced plant vigor and increased fruit yield. Consequently, crop breeding programs emphasize the development and commercialization of brinjal hybrids tailored to regional needs. Effective crop improvement hinges on selecting suitable parental lines and employing precise crossing techniques to generate hybrids with desirable agronomic traits. The present study was conducted to assess the combining ability for fruit yield and related traits in brinjal. The experiment was carried out during the Kharif season of 2023 and the summer season of 2024 at the Vegetable Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. A randomized block design (RBD) with three replications was utilized. The study involved 30 hybrid combinations derived from 13 brinjal genotypes, employing a line × tester mating design with 10 lines and 3 testers. Results indicated that among the parental genotypes, PBGL-5 (88.11), PBGL-7 (85.02) and Swarna Abhinav (67.80) demonstrated high general combining ability (GCA) for fruit yield and related traits. Among the hybrid combinations, Pusa Kaushal × Pant Samrat (153.16), Pusa Ankur × Kashi Uttam (126.37) and PBGL-5 × Pant Rituraj (116.77) exhibited superior specific combining ability (SCA) effects. These results highlight the potential of the identified parents and hybrids as promising genetic resources for future breeding programs aimed at hybrid development and yield enhancement. In conclusion, the identified genotypes and crosses with favorable GCA and SCA effects can serve as valuable candidates for breeding programs to develop high-yielding, region-specific brinjal hybrids. This study underscores the importance of systematic parental selection and hybrid evaluation in advancing brinjal crop improvement initiatives.
Instagram jako narzędzie w procesie uczenia się języka włoskiego jako obcego
Authors: Kolbus Zuzanna
Published: February 2025

The aim of this article is to present a comparative analysis of the content created and shared by Polish promoters of the Italian language through the social media platform Instagram. The analysis covered 60 accounts run by Polish creators. The collected material pertains to profiles of individuals, language schools, student societies, and other organisations promoting Italian studies in Poland. Based on the gathered data, the author attempts to answer the question of what Instagram offers to learners of Italian and how it can impact their language competence.
Streaming versus edukacja. O jakości i uważności w edukacji oraz streamingu
Authors: Grodź Iwona
Published: February 2025

Education and streaming – this is a combination of technology and pedagogy that is transforming the way we learn and teach others. Streaming – the live transmission or sharing of video content over the Internet – offers new opportunities for education, both formal and informal. The purpose of the essay is to point out several key aspects of this connection that allow us to reveal both the advantages of education via streaming and its disadvantages. Research question: Is streaming really an effective educational method? By enabling free contact with any amount of content, does it create orders of production and reception subject to educational, economic and even ideological requirements to the same extent? Methodology: analysis of scientific discourse on the topic under study.
Pandemia jako portal – ujawniony potencjał transformacyjny rodziców w kryzysie pandemicznej edukacji. Studium przypadku polskiej publicznej szkoły podstawowej w pierwszej fali COVID-19
Authors: Wiatr Marta
Published: February 2025

Objective: The objective of the presented analysis is to shed light on the relationship between family and school through the lens of institutional-educational practices during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Background: From research on pandemic education during the first wave of COVID-19, a portrayal emerges of parents as obvious partners of the school in fulfilling educational tasks. However, parents are simultaneously depicted as a group heavily burdened with additional school-related responsibilities, incurring extraordinary costs as a result. This raises questions about the real and potential participation of parents in the organization of pandemic education, including the “power play” activated in crisis situations, shaping educational solutions during the first wave of the pandemic. Methodology: In this article, I draw upon qualitative participatory research conducted in June and July 2020 within the community of parents whose children attended an urban public elementary school. A case study method was employed. Qualitative analyses primarily encompassed data derived from responses provided by parents (N = 104) to open-ended questions in an electronic survey. Data from the electronic diary Librus and spontaneous statements from parent representatives were also utilized. Results: Analyses revealed the “play of different forces” influencing both the process of shaping new educational practices using distance learning tools and the relationships between participants in this“game” (school and parents). On one hand, a clear school-oriented vision of parents as an obvious and accessible resource supporting school tasks and practices emerged. On the other hand, parents revealed themselves as a dynamic transformative potential in relation to both school practices and thevision of relationships among participants in remote education conducted during the pandemic.
Molecular dynamics study of the dissolution of crystalline and amorphous nickel nanoparticles in aluminium
Authors: Poletaev Gennady M. , Rakitin Roman Y. , Zorya Irina V.
Published: February 2025

The dissolution of a nickel nanoparticle in aluminium under the conditions of the crystalline and amorphous state of aluminium and nickel, which can be achieved, in particular, with severe plastic deformation of the powders of the initial mixture (mechanoactivation), was studied by means of molecular dynamics. It is shown that the state of the aluminium structure (crystalline or amorphous) has a relatively small effect on the intensity of mutual diffusion of Ni and Al up to the melting temperature of aluminium. This is due to the formation of a crystalline aluminium layer around the crystalline particle, which repeats the Ni lattice. In the case of the amorphous state of the nickel particle and the aluminium matrix, dissolution occurred much faster than in the crystalline state of nickel. That is, mutual diffusion occurs significantly more strongly in the case of the amorphous state of nickel compared to the case of amorphous aluminium at the same constant temperature. The diameter of the nickel nanoparticle in the considered range from 4 to 12 nm did not affect the temperature at which the mutual diffusion of Ni and Al sharply accelerated with varying temperature. This was due to the fact that the melting point of aluminium did not change when simulating particles of different sizes.
A comparative analysis of the binary and multiclass classified chest X-ray images of pneumonia and COVID-19 with ML and DL models
Authors: Pal Madhumita , Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Sarangi Ashish K. , Sahu Alok Ranjan , Mishra Snehasish , Patel Alok , Bhoi Sushil Kumar , Elnaggar Ashraf Y. , El Azab Islam H. , Alissa Mohammed , El-Bahy Salah M.
Published: February 2025

Background

The highly infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the seventh coronavirus. It is the longest pandemic in recorded history worldwide. Many countries are still reporting COVID-19 cases even in the fifth year of its emergence.

Objective

The performance of various machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models was studied for image-based classification of the lungs infected with COVID-19, pneumonia (viral and bacterial), and normal cases from the chest X-rays (CXRs).

Methods

The K-nearest neighbour and logistics regression as the two ML models, and Visual Geometry Group-19, Vision transformer, and ConvMixer as the three DL models were included in the investigation to compare the brevity of the detection and classification of the cases.

Results

Among the investigated models, ConvMixer returned the best result in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, F1-score and area under the curve for both binary as well as multiclass classification. The pre-trained ConvMixer model outperformed the other four models in classifying. As per the performance observations, there was 97.1% accuracy for normal and COVID-19 + pneumonia-infected lungs, 98% accuracy for normal and COVID-19 infected lungs, 82% accuracy for normal + bacterial + viral infected lungs, and 98% accuracy for normal + pneumonia infected lungs. The DL models performed better than the ML models for binary and multiclass classification. The performance of these studied models was tried on other CXR image databases.

Conclusion

The suggested network effectively detected COVID-19 and different types of pneumonia by using CXR imagery. This could help medical sciences for timely and accurate diagnoses of the cases through bioimaging technology and the use of high-end bioinformatics tools.
Waste newspaper activation by sodium phosphate for adsorption dynamics of methylene blue
Authors: Hao Yeo Shi , Othman Norasikin , Ahmad Zaini Muhammad Abbas
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the potential of using waste newspaper (WN) as an adsorbent for removing methylene blue (MB) dye from water, emphasizing the environmental benefits of repurposing waste materials. Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from WN using sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) as the activating agent, which is known for producing high mesopore content and requiring relatively low activation temperatures. The activated carbon’s physicochemical properties were thoroughly characterized using techniques such as FTIR, SEM, and surface area analysis based on the Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET) theory. The specific surface area of AC was 917 m2/g. Continuous adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the synthesized activated carbon in a dynamic flow system. Various operating conditions, including initial dye concentration, influent flow rate, and bed height, were explored to optimize the adsorption process. This study applied the Yoon-Nelson, Thomas, Adams-Bohart and modified Logistic models to analyze the breakthrough curves and predict adsorption capacities. Results demonstrated that the AC exhibited high adsorption capacity (14.7 mg/g), particularly at lower flow rates and higher bed heights. This work offers valuable insights into sustainable wastewater treatment methods, showcasing the effectiveness of using low-cost, waste-derived activated carbon for dye removal in industrial applications.
Folium in Persian and Islamic Manuscripts (15th–19th Centuries): Historical Significance and Analytical Study
Authors: Barkeshli Mandana , Aceto Maurizio , Pacha-Miran François , Shafiei Alavijeh Maryam , Couvrat Desvergnes Amélie , Robotti Francesca , Calà Elisa
Published: February 2025

Medieval manuscripts are an essential part of Persian cultural heritage and a rich source of the country’s material culture. Their study sheds light on shared materials across the Mediterranean and Near East. The practice of using blue and purple in manuscripts was popular during the Middle Ages in both Europe and Persia. Persian historical treatises describe a blue dye plant used for paper, in addition to blue indigo, although its specific terminology was previously unknown. The plant is identified as Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A. Juss., also known as turnsole; the dye extracted from it is commonly known as folium. This study is divided into three phases: First, dye extraction techniques from C. tinctoria fruits were studied based on historical Persian recipes. Second, methods for reconstructing blue-purple paper dyes from turnsole fruits were explored, with local plants harvested in Iran during August and September, and the dyes analysed using spectroscopy, finding a good agreement to folium spectra obtained from European (central Italy) fruits of C. tinctoria. Third, folium was identified on manuscripts produced under Islamic rule in the Middle Ages. The findings suggest discussion as to whether this dye was used in Persian manuscripts too, given the notable corpus of citations in Persian historical treatises.
Mouse Adrenal Macrophages Are Associated with Pre- and Postsynaptic Neuronal Elements and Respond to Multiple Neuromodulators
Authors: Whim Matthew D.
Published: February 2025

The adrenal medulla is packed with chromaffin cells, modified postganglionic sympathetic neurons that secrete the catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine, during the fight-or-flight response. Sometimes overlooked is a population of immune cells that also resides within the gland but whose distribution and function are not clear. Here I examine the location of CD45+ hematopoietic cells in the mouse adrenal medulla and show the majority are F4/80+/Lyz2+ macrophages. These cells are present from early postnatal development and widely distributed. Anatomically they are associated with chromaffin cells, found aligned alongside synapsin-IR neuronal varicosities and juxtaposed to CD31-IR blood vessels. Using Lyz2cre-GCaMP6f mice to quantify calcium signaling in macrophages revealed these cells respond directly and indirectly to a wide variety of neuromodulators, including pre- and postganglionic transmitters and systemic hormones. Purinergic agonists, histamine, acetylcholine, and bradykinin rapidly and reversibly increased intracellular calcium. These results are consistent with a substantial resident population of innate immune cells in the adrenal medulla. Their close association with chromaffin cells and the preganglionic input suggests they may regulate sympatho-adrenal activity and thus the strength of the fight-or-flight response.
From Economic Transaction to LGBT Identity
Authors: Leshkowich Ann Marie
Published: February 2025

During the 2010s, public attitudes in Vietnam shifted from hostility toward homosexuality to increasing support for LGBT rights. This article analyzes how social work expertise contributed to this transformation. In 2010, staff at an international NGO in Hồ Chí Minh City ascribed unhoused men’s transactional sex with men to economic desperation. Within five years, social workers had adopted global frameworks positing gender and sexuality as innate aspects of personhood and blamed homelessness and sex work by LGBT individuals on homophobic discrimination. While these expressions of transnational expertise promoted LGBT rights, they also reinforced notions of “market personhood” and risked marginalizing diverse articulations of gender and sexuality in Vietnam, past and present.
Fabrication and characterization of Cu (In, Ga) Se2 thin films by electrodeposition: optimization of the thermal treatment with selenium and mechanical disturbance technique
Authors:   Renewable Energy Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Xochicalco S/N, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, México, Ledesma-Juárez A. , Quintero-Guerrero J. F. ,   Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos Av. Universidad No 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos. México, Fernández A. M. ,   Renewable Energy Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Xochicalco S/N, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, México
Published: February 2025

The evaporation technique fabricates solar cells using the Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber.
This technique has strong limitations in preparing this absorber in a large area, necessitating
the electrodeposition technique. However, the morphology and crystallinity of this absorber
need to be sufficiently adequate to guarantee proper collection of charge carriers since a
cauliflower-type growth is favored. This underscores the need for modifications during the
synthesis, thermal treatments, and post-synthesis to improve the morphology and
crystallinity, a complex and significant aspect of our research. This work discusses the
structural, atomic composition, morphological, and optical results obtained for samples of
CIGS films synthesized by the electrodeposition technique. We proudly report that we
achieved the best atomic composition, close to the ideal and an adequate morphology, by
selenizing the samples with 30 mg and a temperature of 570°C. This success was further
enhanced by subjecting these films to constant periodic movement during their synthesis,
leading to significant improvements in the crystallinity, a testament to the success of our
research.
Effect of rare-earth ion Ho substitution on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of Mg-doped Cd-Co ferrites
Authors:   Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, Arshad M. I. , Moussa Ihab M. ,   Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia, Amin N. ,   Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, Mumtaz S. ,   Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea, Munir Z. ,   Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, Saleem M. R. ,   Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, Hasan M.S. ,   Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
Published: February 2025

Coprecipitation method was used to create a sequence of Cd₀.₆Mg₀.₄Fe₁.₉Ho₀.₁O₄ and
Cd₀.₆Mg₀.₂Co₀.₂Fe₁.₉Ho₀.₁O₄ soft ferrites. The structural, optical, and electrical
characteristics were assessed using the XRD, FTIR, UV-vis, and four probe I-V methods,
respectively. XRD pattern verified the cubic crystal structure. For both kinds of samples,
the average crystallite size was between 23.2 and 25.6 nm. The presence of the tetrahedral
band was demonstrated by FTIR spectra. As the percentage of Co2+ increased, Eg was
found to be 2.70 eV and 2.57 eV. DC electrical resistivity values of 5.01 x 106 and 1.26 x
107 ohm-cm proved that synthesized samples may be utilised in transformers to reduce
their eddy current losses.
Preparation of Bi2WO6 nanoplates modified by Nd doping photocatalyst for rhodamine B dye degradation
Authors:   a Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand, Salaeh A. , Phuruangrat A. ,   a Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand, Somdee A. ,   Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong 21120, Thailand, Kuntalue B. ,   Advanced Scientific Instruments Unit, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, Thongtem T. ,   Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Thongtem S. ,   Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: February 2025

0-3% Nd-doped Bi2WO6 nanoplates were synthesized via hydrothermal method. The
Bi2WO6 without and with Nd doping can be indexed to the single phase of orthorhombic
Bi2WO6 nanoplates with orientation growth in the along the [001] projection by XRD,
SEM and TEM analysis. The 2% Nd-doped Bi2WO6 nanoplates shows the maximum
photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation owing formation of oxygen vacancies
as recombination centers with decreased rate of recombination carries charge pairs after
Nd doping. Furthermore, the radical scavenger of RhB degradation over 2% Nd-doped
Bi2WO6 nanoplates was analyzed to discuss the mechanism of the photodegradation
possible in this research.
Metal purity detection using non-target reflectivity plastic optical fiber displacement sensor
Authors:   Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Educational Hub, 84600, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia, Amila N. A. , Adnan N. N. ,   Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Educational Hub, 84600, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia, Krishnan G. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Johor, Malaysia, Muhammad F. D. ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Taib N. A. M. ,   Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Published: February 2025

A fiber optic displacement sensor (FODS) that uses a fiber probe to detect metal purity based
on intensity modulation technique is proposed and demonstrated. A He-Ne laser is used as
the light source and three different types of metals which consists of nickel brass,
cupronickel, and copper clad-steel are used as the target samples. It is observed that the
voltages increase as the metal brightness changes from dark to bright, which consequently
depends on the amount of nickel content in the metal. The highest sensitivity of 1.0459 for
the front slope is achieved by nickel brass, thus making it useful for close-distance targets.
The proposed system is environment friendly and low cost, with additional advantages of
high sensitivity and easy installation. Besides its ability to determine the type of metal
sample, this FODS can provide a real-time monitoring system suitable for broader
applications in sensor field.
Non-endometrioid Synchronized Endometrial and Ovarian Carcinoma: Report of Two Rare Cases
Authors: Aminimoghaddam Soheila , Saffarieh Elham , Kamkarfar Pegah , Kiani Mahsa , Hamednasimi Parinaz
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Synchronized endometrial and ovarian cancer (SEOC) is a condition in which there is both primary endometrial and primary ovarian cancer at the same time in a patient. These tumors have a better prognosis than metastatic ones. Most of them are diagnosed in the early stages and are low-grade tumors. So differentiation of this kind of rare tumor from others is essential. No adjuvant chemotherapy seems to be reasonable in cases with low-grade tumors both in endometrioid and non-endometrioid types. High-grades tumors have been described less, but, in some studies, genetic mutations were found in these tumors, which have been the basis of targeted therapy after surgery. Case Presentation: In this report, two rare non-endometrioid types of SEOC cases are discussed. The first case is a low-grade papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary and uterus endometrium. In contrast, the second case is a clear cell carcinoma of the ovary and endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus. We also review the literature in this field. Conclusion: We conclude that in these cases, chemotherapy with routine regimens does not seem to be helpful in early stages with low-grade tumors. Also, in high-grade tumors, targeted therapy may be more effective than adjuvant chemotherapy.
Effect of Childbirth Care Methods on Birth Experience and Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shaigan Hoorieh , Shamsdanesh Shiva , Arab Bafrani Mahdie , Shamoradifar Zahra , Mehrabi Esmat
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Women’s satisfaction with their childbirth experience is crucial in determining their likelihood of undergoing a cesarean section (CS) in future pregnancies. However, there is a significant gap in investigating the effectiveness of maternity care methods during childbirth on women’s satisfaction. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to fill this gap by assessing the impact of care methods on women’s satisfaction with the childbirth experience. Methods: We conducted an extensive literature search using electronic databases such as Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, SID and Magiran from 1990 to June 2023. Studies were included if they were published in English, examined the effect of childbirth care interventions on women’s satisfaction, and reported sufficient data to calculate the mean difference or standardized mean difference. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochran’s risk of bias tool. Results: Our search yielded 9 relevant studies with moderate quality. These interventions were categorized into three types as follows: continuous care, respectful care, and care based on effective communication. The meta-analysis revealed that communication-based care methods significantly improved women’s satisfaction with the childbirth experience (mean difference [MD]: 4.73; 95% CI: 1.35 to 8.11; P = 0.001) and overall childbirth experience (MD: 11.04; 95% CI: -4.34 to 26.42; P = 0.001). The heterogeneity among the studies was high (I2 = 98%). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the methods of childbirth care play a substantial role in creating a pleasant experience and improving women’s satisfaction. However, more studies with robust methodology and standardized instruments are required to determine the efficacy of such care in diverse cultural contexts, particularly in countries with high CS rates. Moreover, healthcare providers and policymakers must prioritize communicative dignity-based care during childbirth to enhance women’s experiences and reduce the likelihood of CS. Registration: PROSPERO website (CRD42023447752).
La Retroalimentación por Pares a través del Diálogo Vista por el Alumnado
Authors: Canabal García Cristina , García Campos M. Dolores , Margalef García Leonor
Published: February 2025

La investigación demuestra la importancia de la retroalimentación entre iguales para su aprendizaje, especialmente en quien elabora los comentarios frente a quien los recibe. Esta investigación se centró en conocer la percepción del alumnado respecto a las repercusiones de brindar retroalimentación por pares a través del diálogo. Los datos se recabaron en el marco de una acción formativa con 30 estudiantes del último curso del Grado en Magisterio. El encuadre educativo tuvo lugar en la estrategia de las tríadas reflexivas y los datos cualitativos se recogieron a partir de los informes que elaboraron. La información extraída se analizó siguiendo la teoría fundamentada, de la que emergieron dos categorías de análisis en torno a las esferas emocional y ejecutiva. Los resultados mostraron emociones tanto de valencia agradable como desagradable. En cuanto al control ejecutivo, se evidenciaron diversos niveles de consolidación. El estudio concluye que es necesario identificar las emociones desagradables para iniciar procesos personales de transformación. A su vez, es preciso promover avances en el dominio ejecutivo de los estudiantes en los procesos básicos para la retroalimentación, que permitan consolidar los de orden superior. Todo ello contribuirá positivamente al desempeño de la retroalimentación por pares a través del diálogo.
La democracia en el discurso nacionalista de izquierda en el Perú. Análisis de los planes de gobierno de las alianzas políticas del Partido Nacionalista Peruano (2006-2011)
Authors: Pozo Tinoco Johel Miguel , Aguirre Aroni Víctor Julio
Published: February 2025

The use and abuse of concepts in political history allows for the analysis not only of their contents but also the complexity of their formulations in political discourses. The government plans presented by political parties during national elections constitute a part of these formulations that appeal to a call to action to their interlocutors. We argue that the use of the term “democracy” by certain left-wing nationalist political groups in the electoral contexts of 2006 and 2011 is part of a proposal for the synthesis of substantive contents, taken to the maximum effort to harmonize them with a historical interpretation of the national political system. Simultaneously, it is framed within the maximum effort of integrating proposals and participation. The electoral political involvement of some left-wing nationalist sectors also implies a discursive deployment that places the notion of democracy at a central position within the propositional and interpretative framework of historical time.
Entre espadas, cartuchos y papeles. Anotaciones para una historia de los archivos en los años de la independencia peruana, 1821-1826
Authors: Rojas Herrera Omar Vicente
Published: February 2025

Este ensayo se enfoca en el rol de los documentos y archivos en la gestación de la independencia del Perú y sus primeros años como República entre 1821 y 1826. La metodología se basa en el análisis documental y la revisión de fuentes históricas relacionadas con este período. Se destaca que, a pesar de los desafíos de movilidad de los documentos durante las guerras de independencia y la falta de un archivo centralizado para preservarlos, estos desempeñaron un papel fundamental en la transición de las instituciones virreinales a las instituciones republicanas y en la formación del Estado peruano. Sin embargo, no se priorizó la creación de un Archivo Nacional, posiblemente debido a la información sensible que contenían sobre propiedades y rentas. Un aspecto destacable es la entrega voluntaria de documentos por parte de los españoles en el Perú. Esta entrega se hizo como parte de la capitulación de Ayacucho en 1824, con el propósito de proporcionar una base sólida para la legitimación y la construcción del nuevo Estado peruano.
Una mirada a la gestión pública en los gobiernos subnacionales del Perú: una propuesta de clasificación de los estudios desde las Ciencias Sociales y la utilidad de la perspectiva histórica (1990-2022)
Authors: Garfias Dávila Marcos , Saravia Salazar Javier , Quevedo Gallardo Carlos
Published: February 2025

The article proposes a classification of the literature produced from the Social Sciences, on the analysis of public management in the subnational governments of Peru between the years 1990 to 2022, a period marked by the decentralization process and the implementation of policies to improve the public function. The starting point is the vision of transnational institutions and then the perspective of administrative law that, in part, determined the direction of public management reforms and the discussion about them. Below, the core proposals of the classification are presented, which focus on: the incorporation of the analysis of actors immersed in the conflictive nature of State reforms and public management, the look at subnational governments in the context of modernization of the State, and the review of the approaches outlined to analyze the management instruments put into practice; to, finally, on this corpus, propose, for our part, the usefulness of the historical perspective due to its potential to contribute to a deeper understanding of the prominence that local governments acquired within the framework of these reforms over the last decades.
Devenir de la casa Torre Tagle y su relación con la historia de Lima, siglos XVIII-XX
Authors: Barrera Camarena Henry Eduardo
Published: February 2025

The article revolves around the evolution of one of the most relevant national heritages, the Torre Tagle house, and its relationship with the history of Lima. Through this linkage, it is possible to study several aspects of what happened in the capital from the eighteenth to the twentieth century, such as the type of materials used at the time for the construction of houses; the seizure of the property of those who were on the side of the royalist cause, in the context of independence; the significance of the purchase of the estate by the Peruvian State in 1918 and the impulse of a sector of society to preserve the cultural legacy; and finally, the process of restoration through which it passed in 1955. The use of images shows how the façade of the building has changed up to the present day.
Un lugar para la erudición. Elitismo, socialización y olvido estatal en la antigua Biblioteca Nacional del Perú (1821-1943)
Authors: Robles Chinchay Rubén Fernando
Published: February 2025

This paper seeks to explain the historical reasons why the former National Library of Peru, between 1821 and 1943, showed a tendency towards elitism. The review of sources on the National Library of Peru indicates that during this period the institution mainly kept material for specialists, bibliophiles, or scholars. It was, therefore, a meeting and work place for a cultural elite. At first glance, this bias contradicts the egalitarian ideals with which it was created by the protective government of General José de San Martín. An in-depth analysis shows several historical reasons that explain these characteristics: the type of society to which the library belonged, the development of the concept of public library, the bibliophilia of the funds from which the collections were obtained, and the indifference of the state towards culture. The analysis of primary sources, director’s memoirs and various testimonial writings of the time have been used to understand and explain the reasons for this phenomenon.
La organización y catalogación del Fondo Intendencia del Archivo Regional de Cusco y su aporte a la historiografía andina
Authors: Calderón Valenzuela Fernando , Crucinta Ugarte Eleazar , Mormontoy Cañari Víctor Darío , Aragón Ramírez Ena Evelyn
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on the history of the Intendancy Documentary Fund, which is preserved in the Regional Archive of Cusco, on its evolution during the second half of the 20th Century, and on its use by the Andean historiography. To achieve this, we analyzed the inventories of this documentary collection since the time of its creation up to the present time when a catalog was prepared by a recent research project. We also contrasted this information with the historiographic production on the Intendancy of Cusco (1784-1824). We demonstrate that each improvement and refinement in archival organization has entailed the visibility of documentation that contributes to deepening and making more complex the existing historiography about Cusco and Southern Andean region.
The Influence of Social Conditionality on the Results in Computer Science Test of Graduates
Authors: Merkys Gediminas , Vaitkevičius Sigitas , Bubelienė Daiva , Brazdeikis Vaino
Published: February 2025

The paper presents graduates results in computer science testing according to their dependence from students’ gender, family socioeconomic status, and the type of prosperity of the locality of the school in Lithuania. It was found that the gender of the graduate does not affect the results in computer science test. However, the girls who chooses to take the Computer Science Matura Exam make up only 1/5 of all graduates. Meanwhile, the socioeconomic status of the student’s family, the way of travel to and from school and the type of locality prosperity systematically does affect the results of computer science test of graduates. The entire population of Lithuanian general education school graduates (N = 2208) who chose to take the Computer Science Matura Exam in 2023 was investigated. Testing was administered centrally using a standardized test. As a hypothesis the insights were formulated on how to improve the computer science didactic system in the country’s general education sector. On the basis of empirical data, conclusions and specific recommendations were formulated to improve the system of didactics of informatics in the field of general education in the country.
Social Determinants of Health: Historical Roots, Trajectory, and Nomenclature for the 21st Century
Authors: Telzak Andrew , Chambers Earle C. , Levano Samantha
Published: February 2025

While awareness of the importance of social determinants of health (SDOH) has grown over the past 2 centuries, commensurate spending on social care programs has not. Building on the foundational works of Frederich Engels, Rudolf Virchow, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Salvadore Allende, the World Health Organization codified the SDOH framework in their Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Within this framework, important distinctions exist between the intermediary social causes of health and the distribution of these causes, which are driven by the larger structural determinants of health. A focus on the SDOH has recently gained traction within health systems through screening for health-related social needs (HRSNs). There is a strong evidence base supporting this work; however, large gaps remain in our understanding of the implementation challenges across complex health care delivery systems. While screening for and addressing HRSNs is a necessary step for health systems to address the intermediary social causes of health, upstream interventions requiring multi-sectoral policies and approaches are critical to reduce health inequities.
Autism and Medical Complexity Among Children in the United States
Authors: Smith Philip H. , Shea Lindsay L. , Rast Jessica E. , Hino Lauren , Briskey Corey , Schendel Diana E.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Ongoing systems-level changes aim to better identify and remedy the unmet health care needs of children with medical complexity (CMC). In tandem, home- and community-based services are expanding to support autistic children and their families. Despite the potential for overlap, CMC and autistic children are treated independently in services, research, and policy. We estimated the overlapping prevalence of CMC and autism among US children and health care expenditures for autistic CMC in comparison with other children.

METHODS

We analyzed 2 national cross-sectional surveys: the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH; 2017–2018, 2019–2022, and 2021–2022) and the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS; combined 2010–2021), selecting for children aged 0 to 17 years. CMC were defined using 2 different algorithms varying in stringency.

RESULTS

In the most recent 2021 to 2022 NSCH (n = 103 748), the prevalence of CMC among autistic children was 59.28% (95% CI, 55.61%–62.84%) using one algorithm and 17.56% (95% CI, 14.41%–21.24%) using the more stringent algorithm. Forty-one percent of CMC were autistic using either algorithm. In the MEPS data (n = 55 637), autistic CMC had significantly greater median health care expenditures compared with other CMC and other autistic children.

CONCLUSIONS

There is extensive overlap of CMC and autism among children in the United States. When medical complexity and autism are both evident, expenditures are significantly higher than for either category alone. Despite this overlap and the associated high need, CMC and autism are generally treated as separate groups in services, research, and policy. These findings underscore the importance of cohesively understanding service needs across CMC, autistic children, and their caretakers.
Investigation of quaternary ammonium compound resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from several foods and food production facilities
Authors: Bayrakal G.M. , Aydin A. , Issa G. , Dumen E. , Sudagidan M.
Published: February 2025

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are the most significant disinfectants utilised to control the contamination of Staphylococcus aureus in food establishments. S. aureus is a significant pathogen that carries genes responsible for resistance to QACs, which pose a risk to public health and food safety. The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of QAC genes (qacA/B, qacC, qacG, qacH, qacJ, and smr) and benzalkonium minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in S. aureus strains isolated from food products and food production facilities (n = 200). The analysis results indicated that the qacC gene was the most frequently detected, with a prevalence of 12%. The qacA/B, qacG, qacH, qacJ, and smr genes were identified at frequencies of 2%, 3%, 1%, 4.5%, and 5%, respectively. The highest MIC level was identified in the surface sample, which carried the qacG gene, at a concentration of 6.25 μg mL−1. The study's results highlight the potential risks associated with disinfectant resistance in food establishments. To prevent the transfer of disinfectant resistance genes, which have become a global risk, it is imperative that the rules of disinfectant usage are observed rigorously and that scientific research in this field is diversified.
An LC–MS/MS assay for estimating conivaptan in human plasma
Authors: Cui Yanli , Wu Feng
Published: February 2025

We developed and validated a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for detecting conivaptan, an arginine vasopressin receptor blocker, in human plasma to facilitate future pharmacokinetic studies. After acetonitrile protein precipitation, analytes were separated on a Grace Alltima HP C18 reverse-phase column (5 μm, 2.1 × 50 mm), and gradient elution was performed using 0.1% formic acid and 5 mM ammonium formate in acetonitrile–water (1:9) and acetonitrile–water (9:1) over a 4-min run time. Positive-mode electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring were applied. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 1–500 ng mL−1, with confirmed accuracy (intra-batch, 0.5–1.1%) and precision (intra-batch relative standard deviation [RSD], ≤5.7%; inter-batch RSD, ≤6.8%). Extraction recovery varied between 94.2–100.5%, and the matrix effect was 94.9–97.0%. To establish the stability, we examined plasma for 17 h at room temperature, 21 h at 2–8 °C, 57 days at −70 °C for three freeze-thaw cycles, and after processing for 52 h in the autosampler. We detected acceptable stability under all examined conditions. Hemolysis, hyperlipidemia, and dilution integrity satisfied the validation criteria. The method developed in this current study will help accurately quantify conivaptan in human plasma and define its clinical pharmacokinetics in the future.
Impacts of Industry 4.0 in developed countries & BRICs
Authors: Sousa Guilherme Rodrigues de , Muniz Jr Jorge , Valentim Marta Lígia Pomim , Kipper Liane Mahlmann , Mosconi Elaine , Pereira Márcio Giannini
Published: February 2025

Abstract This paper aims to compare I4.0 manufacturing countries, providing an overview of the most relevant issues related to their patent and exportation figures. The countries researched are Germany, Brazil, China, South Korea, the US, India, Japan, and Russia. A Literature analysis was applied in Scopus and Web of Science publications (2012–2022), which include BRICs countries. Patent records related to high-tech products Patentscope of the World Intellectual Property Organization and the list of exported products in TradeMap were also searched to identify and analyze the contribution of each country’s policies. Findings present the positive effects of I4.0 policies in the industrial context of most countries, as evidenced by an increase in exportation and patents related to manufacturing high-tech goods since the policies were implemented after 2014. Patent registration evolution refers to the evolution of high-technology goods in the last nine years. This study also indicates the motivations of each country for implementing Industry 4.0. A country comparison of the durations, objectives, available funding, areas for action, focused manufacturing sectors, and prioritized technologies of these public policies supports researchers, managers, and policymakers.
Museus nacionais, práticas patrimoniais decoloniais e violência epistêmica persistente nas Filipinas e no Brasil: o (não-)lugar da diversidade sexual e de gênero
Authors: Gontijo Fabiano
Published: February 2025

Resumo Os museus nacionais são produzidos por ideologias nacionais ao mesmo tempo em que contribuem para a reprodução das narrativas nacionais. Podem ser pensados como dispositivos de governamentalidade biopolítica, representando as tensões relativas à manutenção da corpopolítica, da biopolítica e da geopolítica nos âmbitos nacionais e para além deles. Raramente abordam, em suas exposições, a diversidade sexual e de gênero de seus respectivos países. O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma reflexão sobre a violência exercida por esse tipo de museus ao apagar a diversidade sexual e de gênero de suas narrativas e reproduzir certa forma de homolesbotransfobia. Partindo-se do caráter contestador da ideia de nação, discute-se as intervenções decoloniais realizadas em museus nacionais que vêm tentando problematizar essas questões por meio da diversificação de suas exposições, como no Museu Histórico Nacional, no Brasil, e o Museu Nacional de Antropologia, nas Filipinas.
The Global Transmission of Inflation Uncertainty
Authors: Li Thomas H. , Londono Juan M. , Ma Sai
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented disruptions to global supply chains, labor markets, and economic activity, leading to significant volatility in inflation rates worldwide. Not only the level of inflation but the uncertainty about the future path of inflation increased considerably since the onset of the pandemic and have remained elevated until very recently, posing challenges for policymakers and businesses alike. Figure 1 shows a measure of inflation uncertainty proposed in a recent paper by Londono, Ma and Wilson (2024) (LMW hereafter). The intuition behind this measure is that inflation uncertainty is higher when inflation becomes objectively harder to predict. In the case here, we follow the methodology of LMW and use a range of inflation metrics and a large set of global financial and economic variables as predictors. As can be seen in the figure, inflation uncertainty in the U.S. has remained exceptionally elevated since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and reached a record high in March 2023âabout four standard deviations above its historical mean between 1980 and 2023. This surge in uncertainty was widespread, as seen when we average the inflation uncertainty measures for sets of advanced foreign and emerging market economies.2Inflation uncertainty is thus highly correlated across countries, especially since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a result that aligns well with both the global nature of the forces influencing inflation and that substantiates the challenges experienced in predicting inflation since the onset of the pandemic.3In this note, we explore the economic consequences of the global nature of inflation uncertainty by documenting how inflation uncertainty and its economic consequences transmit across countries.