bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and Experimental Approaches Aimed at Drug Design Targeting Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Morales-Navarro Samuel , Prent-Peñaloza Luis , Rodríguez Núñez Yeray A. , Sánchez-Aros Laura , Forero-Doria Oscar , González Wendy , Campilllo Nuria E. , Reyes-Parada Miguel , Martínez Ana , Ramírez David
Published: December 2019

In recent years, green chemistry has been strengthening, showing how basic and applied sciences advance globally, protecting the environment and human health. A clear example of this evolution is the synergy that now exists between theoretical and computational methods to design new drugs in the most efficient possible way, using the minimum of reagents and obtaining the maximum yield. The development of compounds with potential therapeutic activity against multiple targets associated with neurodegenerative diseases/disorders (NDD) such as Alzheimer’s disease is a hot topic in medical chemistry, where different scientists from various disciplines collaborate to find safe, active, and effective drugs. NDD are a public health problem, affecting mainly the population over 60 years old. To generate significant progress in the pharmacological treatment of NDD, it is necessary to employ different experimental strategies of green chemistry, medical chemistry, and molecular biology, coupled with computational and theoretical approaches such as molecular simulations and chemoinformatics, all framed in the rational drug design targeting NDD. Here, we review how green chemistry and computational approaches have been used to develop new compounds with the potential application against NDD, as well as the challenges and new directions of the drug development multidisciplinary process.
Combination of an Automated 3D Field Phenotyping Workflow and Predictive Modelling for High-Throughput and Non-Invasive Phenotyping of Grape Bunches
Authors: Rist Florian , Gabriel Doreen , Mack Jennifer , Steinhage Volker , Töpfer Reinhard , Herzog Katja
Published: December 2019

In grapevine breeding, loose grape bunch architecture is one of the most important selection traits, contributing to an increased resilience towards Botrytis bunch rot. Grape bunch architecture is mainly influenced by the berry number, berry size, the total berry volume, and bunch width and length. For an objective, precise, and high-throughput assessment of these architectural traits, the 3D imaging sensor Artec® Spider was applied to gather dense point clouds of the visible side of grape bunches directly in the field. Data acquisition in the field is much faster and non-destructive in comparison to lab applications but results in incomplete point clouds and, thus, mostly incomplete phenotypic values. Therefore, lab scans of whole bunches (360°) were used as ground truth. We observed strong correlations between field and lab data but also shifts in mean and max values, especially for the berry number and total berry volume. For this reason, the present study is focused on the training and validation of different predictive regression models using 3D data from approximately 2000 different grape bunches in order to predict incomplete bunch traits from field data. Modeling concepts included simple linear regression and machine learning-based approaches. The support vector machine was the best and most robust regression model, predicting the phenotypic traits with an R2 of 0.70–0.91. As a breeding orientated proof-of-concept, we additionally performed a Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)-analysis with both the field modeled and lab data. All types of data resulted in joint QTL regions, indicating that this innovative, fast, and non-destructive phenotyping method is also applicable for molecular marker development and grapevine breeding research.
Implementation of a Satellite Based Inland Water Algal Bloom Alerting System Using Analysis Ready Data
Authors: Malthus Tim J. , Lehmann Eric , Ho Xavier , Botha Elizabeth , Anstee Janet
Published: December 2019

Water managers need tools to assist in the management of ever increasing algal bloom problems over wide spatial areas to complement sparse and declining in situ monitoring networks. Optical methods employing satellite data offer rapid and widespread coverage for early detection of bloom events. The advent of the Analysis Ready Data (ARD) and Open Data Cube concepts offer the means to lower the technical challenges confronting managers, allowing them to adopt satellite tools. Exploiting Landsat ARD integrated into the Digital Earth Australia data cube, we developed a prototype algal bloom alerting tool for the state of New South Wales, Australia. A visualization portal allows managers to gain insights into bloom status across the state as a whole and to further investigate spatial patterns in bloom alerts at an individual water body basis. To complement this we also proposed an algal alert system for trial based on chlorophyll and TSM levels which requires further testing. The system was able to retrieve the status of 444 water bodies across the state and outputs from the visualization system are presented. Time series of image acquisitions during an intense bloom in one lake are used to demonstrate the potential of the system. We discuss the implications for further development and operationalisation including the potential for augmentation with alternative algorithms and incorporation of other sensor ARD data to improve both temporal and spectral resolutions.
A Multiscale Productivity Assessment of High Andean Peatlands across the Chilean Altiplano Using 31 Years of Landsat Imagery
Authors: Chávez Roberto O. , Christie Duncan A. , Olea Matías , Anderson Talia G.
Published: December 2019

The high Andean peatlands, locally known as “bofedales”, are a unique type of wetland distributed across the high-elevation South American Altiplano plateau. This extensive peatland network stores significant amounts of carbon, regulates local and regional hydrological cycles, supports habitats for a variety of plant and animal species, and has provided critical water and forage resources for the livestock of the indigenous Aymara communities for thousands of years. Nevertheless, little is known about the productivity dynamics of the high Andean peatlands, particularly in the drier western Altiplano region bordering the Atacama desert. Here, we provide the first digital peatland inventory and multiscale productivity assessment for the entire western Altiplano (63,705 km2) using 31 years of Landsat data (about 9000 scenes) and a non-parametric approach for estimating phenological metrics. We identified 5665 peatland units, covering an area of 510 km2, and evaluated the spatiotemporal productivity patterns at the regional, peatland polygon, and individual pixel scales. The regional assessment shows that the peatland areas and peatlands with higher productivity are concentrated towards the northern part of our study region, which is consistent with the Altiplano north–south aridity gradient. Regional patterns further reveal that the last seven years (2011–2017) have been the most productive period over the past three decades. While individual pixels show contrasting patterns of reductions and gains in local productivity during the most recent time period, most of the study area has experienced increases in annual productivity, supporting the regional results. Our novel database can be used not only to explore future research questions related to the social, biological, and hydrological influences on peatland productivity patterns, but also to provide technical support for the sustainable development of livestock practices and conservation and water management policy in the Altiplano region.
Pseudo-Online BMI Based on EEG to Detect the Appearance of Sudden Obstacles during Walking
Authors: Elvira María , Iáñez Eduardo , Quiles Vicente , Ortiz Mario , Azorín José M.
Published: December 2019

The aim of this paper is to describe new methods for detecting the appearance of unexpected obstacles during normal gait from EEG signals, improving the accuracy and reducing the false positive rate obtained in previous studies. This way, an exoskeleton for rehabilitation or assistance of people with motor limitations commanded by a Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) could be stopped in case that an obstacle suddenly appears during walking. The EEG data of nine healthy subjects were collected during their normal gait while an obstacle appearance was simulated by the projection of a laser line in a random pattern. Different approaches were considered for selecting the parameters of the BMI: subsets of electrodes, time windows and classifier probabilities, which were based on a linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The pseudo-online results of the BMI for detecting the appearance of obstacles, with an average percentage of 63.9% of accuracy and 2.6 false positives per minute, showed a significant improvement over previous studies.
A Pilot Study for Estimating the Cardiopulmonary Signals of Diverse Exotic Animals Using a Digital Camera
Authors: Al-Naji Ali , Tao Yiting , Smith Ian , Chahl Javaan
Published: December 2019

Monitoring the cardiopulmonary signal of animals is a challenge for veterinarians in conditions when contact with a conscious animal is inconvenient, difficult, damaging, distressing or dangerous to personnel or the animal subject. In this pilot study, we demonstrate a computer vision-based system and use examples of exotic, untamed species to demonstrate this means to extract the cardiopulmonary signal. Subject animals included the following species: Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), African lions (Panthera leo), Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae), koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), red kangaroo (Macropus rufus), alpaca (Vicugna pacos), little blue penguin (Eudyptula minor), Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) and Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas). The study was done without need for restriction, fixation, contact or disruption of the daily routine of the subjects. The pilot system extracts the signal from the abdominal-thoracic region, where cardiopulmonary activity is most likely to be visible using image sequences captured by a digital camera. The results show motion on the body surface of the subjects that is characteristic of cardiopulmonary activity and is likely to be useful to estimate physiological parameters (pulse rate and breathing rate) of animals without any physical contact. The results of the study suggest that a fully controlled study against conventional physiological monitoring equipment is ethically warranted, which may lead to a novel approach to non-contact physiological monitoring and remotely sensed health assessment of animals. The method shows promise for applications in veterinary practice, conservation and game management, animal welfare and zoological and behavioral studies.
The Impact of Violent Crime on Obesity
Authors: Stolzenberg Lisa , D’Alessio Stewart J. , Flexon Jamie L.
Published: December 2019

Dwelling in a violence-plagued neighborhood may amplify obesity by engendering psychological distress or by cultivating a sedentary, homebound lifestyle. This relationship is speculated to be especially relevant for black and Hispanic citizens because they are much more likely than whites to live in violence-beleaguered neighborhoods. Results from two multilevel analyses of 12,645 residents living in 34 New York City neighborhoods show that, while the violent crime rate does not have a direct effect on obesity, it does condition the relationships between race, ethnicity, and obesity. As the violent crime rate rises in a neighborhood, the probability of both a black and Hispanic resident being obese increases, controlling for both individual and neighborhood factors. The BMI of black and Hispanic residents is also higher in neighborhoods beset by violence. These findings suggest that violent crime may be a salient but unappreciated factor in explaining both racial and ethnic differences in obesity.
Attitudes and Beliefs towards Sport Specialization, College Scholarships, and Financial Investment among High School Baseball Parents
Authors: Post Eric G. , Rosenthal Michael D. , Rauh Mitchell J.
Published: December 2019

Adolescent athletes are increasingly encouraged to specialize in a single sport year-round in an effort to receive a college scholarship. For collegiate baseball, only 11.7 scholarships are available for a 35-player team. The beliefs of the parents of baseball athletes towards sport specialization are unknown, along with whether they have an accurate understanding of college baseball scholarship availability. The parents of high school baseball athletes were recruited to complete an anonymous questionnaire that consisted of (1) parent and child demographics, (2) child baseball participation information, and (3) parent attitudes and beliefs regarding sport specialization and college baseball scholarships. One hundred and fifty-five parents participated in the questionnaire (female: 52.9%, age: 49.4 ± 5.5 years old). The parents spent a median of 3000 USD [Interquartile Range (IQR): 1500–6000] on their child’s baseball participation. Most parents believed that specialization increased their child’s chances of getting better at baseball (N = 121, 79.6%). The parents underestimated the number of college baseball scholarships available per team (median [IQR]: 5 [0–5]), but 55 parents (35.9%) believed it was likely that their child would receive a college baseball scholarship. Despite having a realistic understanding of the limited college scholarships available, the parents were optimistic that their child would receive a baseball scholarship.
Liquidity Risk and Investors’ Mood: Linking the Financial Market Liquidity to Sentiment Analysis through Twitter in the S&P500 Index
Authors: Guijarro Francisco , Moya-Clemente Ismael , Saleemi Jawad
Published: December 2019

Microblogging services can enrich the information investors use to make financial decisions on the stock markets. As liquidity has immediate consequences for a trader’s movements, this risk is an attractive area of interest for both academics and those who participate in the financial markets. This paper focuses on market liquidity and studies the impact on liquidity and trading costs of the popular Twitter microblogging service. Sentiment analysis extracted from Twitter and different popular liquidity measures were gathered to analyze the relationship between liquidity and investors’ opinions. The results, based on the analysis of the S&P 500 Index, found that the investors’ mood had little influence on the spread of the index.
Improvement in Soil Characteristics of Sandy Loam Soil and Grain Quality of Spring Maize by Using Phosphorus Solublizing Bacteria
Authors: Javeed Hafiz Muhammad Rashad , Qamar Rafi , Rehman Atique ur , Ali Mazhar , Rehman Abdul , Farooq Muhammad , Zamir Shahid Ibni , Nadeem Muhammad , Cheema Mumtaz Akhtar , Shehzad Muhammad , Zakir Ali , Sarwar Muhammad Aqeel , Iqbal Akhtar , Hussain Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Unavailability of balanced nutrients in nutrient-deficient soils is the key reason in reduced yields of spring maize. After application to soil, most of the phosphorus (80–90%) is lost in the environment because of runoff losses and chemically bonding. So, this makes the phosphorus unavailable for plant use. However, soil microorganisms may provide a biological rescue system which is able to solubilize the soil-bound phosphorus (p). Keeping this in view, the present study is designed to meet the following objectives; (1) to improve physico-chemical properties of soil (e.g., soil water retention, soil enzyme activities), and (2) to improve growth and yield of spring maize (cv. Hybrid YSM-112) through the inoculation of phosphorus solubilization bacteria (PSB). A pot experiment was carried out with the following treatments; T1: control (uninoculated control, CT), T2: inoculation with PSB (Enterobacter sakazakii J129), T3: recommend level of NPK fertilizers (RNPK), T4: PSB + RNPK fertilizers, T5: rock phosphate (RP), T6: PSB + RP. Results showed that the addition of PSB together with RNPK improved the yield and yield-related characteristics of spring maize grown in sandy soil. Moreover, it also enhanced dry mater characteristics and maize grain quality. Soil fertility in the context of P-solubilization, soil organic acids, soil organic matter, enzyme activities, PSB colony, and rhizosphere moisture contents were significantly improved with PSB inoculation together with recommended dose of NPK fertilizers (RNPK) compared to PSB alone, rock phosphate (RP) alone, or PSB together with rock phosphate and control treatment. Maize digestibility attributes such as DM, CP, CF, EE (by 35%, 20%, 33%, and 28% respectively) and grain quality such as NPK, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn (by 88%, 92%, 71%, 68%, 78%, 90%, 83, 69%, 92%, 48%, and 90% respectively) were improved compared to control. In conclusion, improvement in maize crop yield and soil characteristics are more prominent and significant when RNPK is supplemented and inoculated. The present study suggests that PSB, together with RNPK, would improve the maize plant growth and soil fertility in sandy soil.
Effects of Climate and Land-Cover Changes on Soil Erosion in Brazilian Pantanal
Authors: Colman Carina , Oliveira Paulo , Almagro André , Soares-Filho Britaldo , Rodrigues Dulce
Published: December 2019

The Pantanal biome integrates the lowlands of the Upper Paraguay Basin (UPB), which is hydrologically connected to the biomes of the Cerrado and Amazon (the highlands of the UPB). The effects of recent land-cover and land-use (LCLU) changes in the highlands, combined with climate change, are still poorly understood in this region. Here, we investigate the effects of soil erosion in the Brazilian Pantanal under climate and LCLU changes by combining different scenarios of projected rainfall erosivity and land-cover management. We compute the average annual soil erosion for the baseline (2012) and projected scenarios for 2020, 2035, and 2050. For the worst scenario, we noted an increase in soil loss of up to 100% from 2012 to 2050, associated with cropland expansion in some parts of the highlands. Furthermore, for the same period, our results indicated an increase of 20 to 40% in soil loss in parts of the Pantanal biome, which was associated with farmland increase (mainly for livestock) in the lowlands. Therefore, to ensure water, food, energy, and ecosystem service security over the next decades in the whole UPB, robust and comprehensive planning measures need to be developed, especially for the most impacted areas found in our study.
The Effects of Land Use Zoning and Densification on Changes in Land Surface Temperature in Seoul
Authors: Kim Jae-Ik , Jun Myung-Jin , Yeo Chang-Hwan , Kwon Ki-Hyun , Hyun Jun Yong
Published: December 2019

This study investigated how changes in land surface temperature (LST) during 2004 and 2014 were attributable to zoning-based land use type in Seoul in association with the building coverage ratio (BCR), floor area ratio (FAR), and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). We retrieved LSTs and NDVI data from satellite images, Landsat TM 5 for 2004 and Landsat 8 TIRS for 2014 and combined them with parcel-based land use information, which contained data on BCR, FAR, and zoning-based land use type. The descriptive analysis results showed a rise in LST for the low- and medium-density residential land, whereas significant LST decreases were found in high-density residential, semi-residential, and commercial areas over the time period. Statistical results further supported these findings, yielding statistically significant negative coefficient values for all interaction variables between higher-density land use types and a year-based dummy variable. The findings appear to be related to residential densification involving the provision of more high-rise apartment complexes and government efforts to secure more parks and green spaces through urban redevelopment and renewal projects.
Time Overrun in Public Works—Evidence from North-East Italy
Authors: Marella Giuliano , Antoniucci Valentina
Published: December 2019

Cost and time overruns in public mega-projects have been widely studied and considered as interdependent factors in the literature on project management and the public economy. On the other hand, small-scale projects for public works (costing under €100 million) are far more common and contribute to transforming cities and territories even more than mega-projects. Is the development of these kinds of projects affected in the same way by overrun issues? Do cost and time overruns always go hand in hand? The present contribution tries to answer these questions by means of an empirical study on a dataset of 4781 small public works planned and built in the Veneto Region (north-east Italy) from 1999 to 2018. Specifically, the analysis refers to the stage of development when the decision is made to outsource the work, that is, after the project’s design and before its construction. Our sample of data is considered both as a whole and clustered by period, cost, contractor and category of work. The results of our analysis and statistical modeling are counterintuitive, suggesting that time overruns do not depend on the cost dimension, whereas norms and regulations play a crucial part in extending the duration of public works. The threshold by law of 1 million € costs implies time-consuming procedures to verify abnormal offers in the bid, that double the average award time from 244 days to 479 days.
Spatial–Temporal Heterogeneous Evolution of Haze Pollution in China as Deduced with the Use of Spatial Econometrics
Authors: Hou Jian , Zhang Shuang , Song Hongfeng , Li Fengshu
Published: December 2019

Haze Pollution, consisting essentially of PM2.5 and PM10, has been arousing wide public concern home and abroad. It has become a universal urgency for atmospheric researchers, governments, organizations, institutions, and the general public to conduct corresponding actions. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the institutional distribution and the regional evolution trend of path characteristics of haze pollution in China under the spatial–temporal heterogeneity on the basis of spatial econometrics, by incorporating the spatial element into the framework of the Multiple Influencing Factors mechanism. The results show that it has been abating under the governance year by year, though with a decreasing intensity; the major polluted regions have been moving from the East to the central and western area; there is significant spatial autocorrelation among the highly polluted area, but the effective local regulations of les- polluted regions do not impact the neighboring regions correspondingly; among the impacting factors, industrial structure, energy intensity, and traffic pollution have a significant Positive Impact on haze pollution, and the level of urbanization has a Negative Impact, while economic growth and innovation performance have no significant Positive Impact and are both weak in promotion. This research, theoretically and practically, offers reference for the Chinese government to integrate regional effective systems into multiregional diversified environmental governance, so as to realize its Green Ecology Transformation Development Strategy.
Impact of Climate Change on the Energy Needs of Houses in Chile
Authors: Rouault Fabien , Ossio Felipe , González-Levín Paulina , Meza Francisco
Published: December 2019

Global warming will affect the heating and cooling energy demands of houses. Thus, it is necessary to measure this impact in different areas of a country to influence future public policies, guidelines, and regulations. This paper proposes to forecast the energy demand for five house archetypes located in eight cities in Chile. These archetypes are thermally insulated according to current regulatory standards given by the country. They were simulated using the simplified hourly model from the international standards ISO 13790, considering climatic conditions between 1990 and 2010 and projected climatic conditions between 2045 and 2054. Three climatology models: a) Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC-ESM), b) Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Climate System Model 5 (IPSL-CM5A), and c) Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) in the context of two representative concentration pathways: 4.5 and 8.5 W/m2 are used to forecast future climate. The most significant results show that energy demand for heating could decrease by 35% on average while cooling energy demand could significantly increase for cities such as Antofagasta and Santiago.
A Specific Study on the Impacts of PM2.5 on Urban Heat Islands with Detailed In Situ Data and Satellite Images
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Chen Chen , Liu Yue , Gao Peng , Li Hui
Published: December 2019

Rapid urbanization often results in serious urban heat islands (UHI) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration. Previous studies found it was hard to evaluate the haze contribution to the UHI quantitatively, because of the complex properties of the atmosphere aloft and the irregular alteration of PM2.5 loads. Taking Beijing as the study site, where detailed in situ PM2.5 concentration data, canopy thermal data and MODIS land surface temperature (LST) products were all available in 2015, this study investigated the impacts of PM2.5 on both surface UHI intensity (SUHII) and canopy UHI intensity (CUHII) at daytime and night. The results reveal that the CUHII are almost unchanged throughout the year, while SUHII varies greatly in both temporal axis and spatial distribution. PM2.5 concentration has significant negative impacts on mean SUHII (r = −0.6115) and daytime SUHII (r = −0.6164), and less significant negative impact on CUHII (r = −0.51999). However, the contribution of PM2.5 concentration to nighttime SUHI is not significant. This specific study checked and improved previous works on this topic, with detailed in situ data and satellite images. The results of this work can enhance our understanding of the dynamics and driving mechanism of urban thermal environment.
Some New Identities of Second Order Linear Recurrence Sequences
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Lv Xingxing
Published: December 2019

The main purpose of this paper is using the combinatorial method, the properties of the power series and characteristic roots to study the computational problem of the symmetric sums of a certain second-order linear recurrence sequences, and obtain some new and interesting identities. These results not only improve on some of the existing results, but are also simpler and more beautiful. Of course, these identities profoundly reveal the regularity of the second-order linear recursive sequence, which can greatly facilitate the calculation of the symmetric sums of the sequences in practice.
RTX Toxins Ambush Immunity’s First Cellular Responders
Authors: Ristow Laura C. , Welch Rodney A.
Published: December 2019

The repeats-in-toxin (RTX) family represents a unique class of bacterial exoproteins. The first family members described were toxins from Gram-negative bacterial pathogens; however, additional members included exoproteins with diverse functions. Our review focuses on well-characterized RTX family toxins from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (LtxA), Mannheimia haemolytica (LktA), Bordetella pertussis (CyaA), uropathogenic Escherichia coli (HlyA), and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (ApxIIIA), as well as the studies that have honed in on a single host cell receptor for RTX toxin interactions, the β2 integrins. The β2 integrin family is composed of heterodimeric members with four unique alpha subunits and a single beta subunit. β2 integrins are only found on leukocytes, including neutrophils and monocytes, the first responders to inflammation following bacterial infection. The LtxA, LktA, HlyA, and ApxIIIA toxins target the shared beta subunit, thereby targeting all types of leukocytes. Specific β2 integrin family domains are required for the RTX toxin’s cytotoxic activity and are summarized here. Research examining the domains of the RTX toxins required for cytotoxic and hemolytic activity is also summarized. RTX toxins attack and kill phagocytic immune cells expressing a single integrin family, providing an obvious advantage to the pathogen. The critical question that remains, can the specificity of the RTX-β2 integrin interaction be therapeutically targeted?
Fatty Acids Regulate Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection via the AMPK-ACC1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Long Siwen , Zhou Yanrong , Bai Dongcheng , Hao Wanjun , Zheng Bohan , Xiao Shaobo , Fang Liurong
Published: December 2019

Lipids play a crucial role in the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a porcine virus that is endemic throughout the world. However, little is known about the effect of fatty acids (FAs), a type of vital lipid, on PRRSV infection. In this study, we found that treatment with a FA biosynthetic inhibitor significantly inhibited PRRSV propagation, indicating the necessity of FAs for optimal replication of PRRSV. Further study revealed that 5′-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key kinase antagonizing FA biosynthesis, was strongly activated by PRRSV and the pharmacological activator of AMPK exhibited anti-PRRSV activity. Additionally, we found that acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), the first rate-limiting enzyme in the FA biosynthesis pathway, was phosphorylated (inactive form) by PRRSV-activated AMPK, and active ACC1 was required for PRRSV proliferation, suggesting that the PRRSV infection induced the activation of the AMPK–ACC1 pathway, which was not conducive to PRRSV replication. This work provides new evidence about the mechanisms involved in host lipid metabolism during PRRSV infection and identifies novel potential antiviral targets for PRRSV.
Dynamics of Runoff and Soil Erosion on Abandoned Steep Vineyards in the Mosel Area, Germany
Authors: Seeger Manuel , Rodrigo-Comino Jesús , Iserloh Thomas , Brings Christine , Ries Johannes B.
Published: December 2019

The Mosel Wine region has suffered during the last decades a decrease in productive area, mostly on steep sloping vineyards. To avoid the spread of diseases, the extraction of grapevines on abandoned vineyards is mandatory in Rhineland-Palatinate. At the same time, the organic production of wine is growing slowly, but well established in the area. We assess in this paper the degree of the land-use changes, as well as their effect on runoff generation and sediment production, depending on the age of the abandonment, as well as the type and age of the land management, whether organic or conventional. Land use data were obtained to identify land-use change dynamics. For assessment of runoff generation and soil erosion, we applied rainfall simulation experiments on the different types of vineyard management. These were organically managed, conventionally managed and abandoned ones, all of varying ages. During the last decades of the last century, a decrease of around 30% of vineyard surface could be observed in Germany’s Mosel Wine Region, affecting mostly the steep sloping vineyards. Despite a high variability within the types of vineyard management, the results show higher runoff generation, and soil erosion associated with recently installed or abandoned vineyards when compared to organic management of the vineyards, where erosion reached only 12%. In organic management, runoff and erosion are also reduced considerably, less than 16%, after a decade or more. Thus, organic vineyard management practices show to be very efficient for reduction of runoff and erosion. Consequently, we recommend to adopt as far as possible these soil management practices for sustainable land management of steep sloping vineyards. In addition, soil protection measures are highly recommended for vineyard abandonment according to the law.
Reducing Hydro-Meteorological Risk by Nature-Based Solutions: What Do We Know about People’s Perceptions?
Authors: Han Sungju , Kuhlicke Christian
Published: December 2019

Nature-based solutions (NBS) have recently received attention due to their potential ability to sustainably reduce hydro-meteorological risks, providing co-benefits for both ecosystems and affected people. Therefore, pioneering research has dedicated efforts to optimize the design of NBS, to evaluate their wider co-benefits and to understand promoting and/or hampering governance conditions for the uptake of NBS. In this article, we aim to complement this research by conducting a comprehensive literature review of factors shaping people’s perceptions of NBS as a means to reduce hydro-meteorological risks. Based on 102 studies, we identified six topics shaping the current discussion in this field of research: (1) valuation of the co-benefits (including those related to ecosystems and society); (2) evaluation of risk reduction efficacy; (3) stakeholder participation; (4) socio-economic and location-specific conditions; (5) environmental attitude, and (6) uncertainty. Our analysis reveals that concerned empirical insights are diverse and even contradictory, they vary in the depth of the insights generated and are often not comparable for a lack of a sound theoretical-methodological grounding. We, therefore, propose a conceptual model outlining avenues for future research by indicating potential inter-linkages between constructs underlying perceptions of NBS to hydro-meteorological risks.
Intratidal Variability of Water Quality in the Damariscotta River, Maine
Authors: Lieberthal Brandon , Huguenard Kimberly , Ross Lauren , Liu Zhilong
Published: December 2019

The Damariscotta River Estuary in midcoast Maine, which houses over forty hectares of American oyster aquaculture, is characterized by several bathymetric sills, constrictions, and headlands. The geography, hydrology, and biochemistry of the estuary are closely intertwined, as its irregular shape contributes to spatially varying patterns of tidal flow, which are in turn responsible for sediment suspension. This project explores the spatial and temporal variability of the water level and current cycles of the estuary and how they are correlated to measures of water quality, such as turbidity, salinity, pH, and oxygen concentration. From July to November 2016, absolute pressure data from twelve sites were collected along the river, from which a tidal elevation time series was computed. In addition, velocity current profiles, water quality data, and wind data were obtained from surface buoys, and transects were collected in three major regions along the river. The lower and mid reaches of the estuary have a vertical shear structure of tidal flow, as high salinity water enters the estuary along the bottom during flood phase, is uplifted during the slack period, and flushed out at the surface during ebb phase. In this region, overtides are relatively weak compared to upstream, dissipation near the bottom is minimal, and turbidity and chlorophyll oscillate out of phase. North of the Glidden Ledges constriction, a headland causes the shear structure to become lateral, where dissipation is elevated during the flood phase throughout the entire water column. Dissipation has a quarter-diurnal harmonic due to increased turbulence during peak ebb and peak flood, which results in disproportionately high intratidal amplitudes in turbidity and chlorophyll. Overall, the bathymetry and tidal patterns of the estuary help to explain why the upper reaches tend to be more viable for shellfish aquaculture.
Endlicher’s Glossary
Authors: Blom Alderik
Published: December 2019

New edition and general study of the Gaulish-Latin Glossary discovered at the beginning of the XIXth century by the librarian in Vienna, Endlicher. The author analyses the texts accompanying the two versions of the glossary in the manuscripts, mostly lists of geographical names. After an edition of the two versions of the glossary, the author delivers philological notes intended to determine the site of birth, and the most probable sources of the glossary. Concerning Lugudunum . i. desideratum montem, the authors modifies W. Meid ‘ s theory explaining this meaning by a Germanic pronunciation, leading to a confusion with Germanic words such as Engl. love. Actually the evolution of Lugu-into Luwu-is typical of late Romance as well as Germanic languages, and the confusion with these (if it took place) could have been made with the Germanic languages on both sides of the Northern Sea, Engl. love or Frisian luvu.

A Germanic influence could also explain the meaning “ montem” given to dunum, and the use of the word bigardio, which should be compared to the Flemish Place-Name Bijgaarden, rather than to Gothic. The compiler was practicing a Western Germanic dialect, which is not very far from Saint-Amand, the place where the only manuscript of the longer version comes from. Concerning sources, the author has detected without any doubt the use of Historia Francorum by Gregory of Tours : brio et treide are taken from a toponym Briotreide

quoted by this author (HF X, 31). The same text may have provided the glosses concerning lautro (cf. Louolautro), auallo and onno.
Signifikansi Salib Bagi Kehidupan Manusia dalam Teologi Paulus
Authors: Setiawan David Eko , Yulianingsih Dwiati
Published: December 2019

Abstrak            Rasul Paulus adalah salah satu teolog besar dalam Perjanjian Baru yang kaya dengan pemikiran teologis. Salah satu hasil pemikirannya adalah tentang signifikansi salib bagi kehidupan manusia. Penulis memandang penelitian ini penting, karena akan semakin memperjelas signifikansi salib bagi kehidupan umat manusia.            Rumusan Masalah di dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah signifikansi salib bagi manusia dalam teologi Paulus? Adapun Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan signifikansi salib bagi manusia dalam teologi Paulus. Sedangkan metode yang dipakai oleh penulis adalah menggunakan literature reasech. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam teologi Paulus salib memiliki signifikansi yang besar bagi kehidupan manusia, kerena salib adalah kekuatan Allah yang menyelamatkan umat manusia, tempat pertukaran penghukuman, jaminan kebebasan dari kutuk, dan tempat pendamaian.Abstrack            The Apostle Paul is one of the great theologians in the New Testament who are rich in theological thought. One result of his thinking is about the significance of the cross for human life. The author views this research as important, because it will further clarify the significance of the cross for human life.            Formulation the problem in this study is how is the significance of the cross for humans in Paul's theology? The purpose of this study is to explain the significance of the cross to humans in Paul's theology. While the method used by the author is to use the literature reset. The results of the study show that in Paul's theology the cross has great significance for human life, because the cross is the power of God that saves mankind, a place of exchange of punishment, guaranteed freedom from curses, and a place of reconciliation.
EFEKTIVITAS PENDIDIKAN SEBAYA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN PERUBAHAN DAN PERAWATAN GENETALIA REMAJA PADA SISWI PUTRI DI SD N 1 LANGENSARI
Authors: Afriyani Luvi Dian , Veftisia Vistra , Salafas Eti
Published: December 2019

Infeksi genetalia adalah penyakit yang sering terjadi pada wanita. Infeksi tidak hanya disebabkan karena hubungan seksual, namun bisa disebabkan karena masalah hygiene. Saat menstruasi lebih beresiko terjadi infeksi. Banyak siswa yang belum memiliki pengetahuan tentang perubahan pada genetalia, sehingga ketika datang menstruasi siswa tidak tau bagaimana cara melakukan perawatan yang baik dan siswa cenderung malu untuk menanyakan atau berkonsultasi. Peran pendidik sebaya dapat membantu para remaja untuk lebih nyaman berdiskusi perubahan dan perawatan genetalia  saat menstruasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas pendidikan sebaya terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan perubahan dan perawatan genetalia remaja pada siswa putri. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SD N I Langensari . Populasi adalah semua siswa putri kelas IV dan V. Teknik pengampilan sampel adalah total sampling  sejumlah 13 orang. Analisis data menggunakan uji t test Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahawa ada perbedaan antara pengetahuan seblum dan sesudah dilakukan pendidikan sebaya dengan p value : 0.0001. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan sebaya sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan oleh karenanya pendidikan sebaya dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu  metode dalam  promosi kesehatanKata Kunci : pendidikan, sebaya, perubahan, perawatan, genetalia
Flora synantropijna Nowego Sącza (Polska południowa). Wykaz taksonów
Authors: Nikel Agnieszka
Published: December 2019

This paper lists 607 synanthropic vascular plant taxa (plus three unstable interspecific hybrids) found in Nowy Sącz town during studies done in 1995–1999 and supplemented in 2018. The list includes data for each taxon (synanthropic status, occupied habitats, frequency of occurrence, number and list of ATPOL grid squares where it was noted, and literature data).
Assessment that matters: Balancing reliability and learner-centered pedagogy in MOOC assessment
Authors: Alexandron Giora , Wiltrout Mary Ellen , Berg Aviram , Ruipérez-Valiente José A.
Published: December 2019

Learner-centered pedagogy highlights active learning and formative feedback. Instructors often incentivize learners to engage in such formative assessment activities by crediting their completion and score in the final grade, a pedagogical practice that is very relevant to MOOCs as well. However, previous studies have shown that too many MOOC learners exploit the anonymity to abuse the formative feedback, which is critical in the learning process, to earn points without effort. Unfortunately, limiting feedback and access to decrease cheating is counter-pedagogic and reduces the openness of MOOCs. We aimed to identify and analyze a MOOC assessment strategy that balances this tension between learner-centered pedagogy, incentive design, and reliability of the assessment. In this study, we evaluated an assessment model that MITx Biology introduced in a MOOC to reduce cheating with respect to its effect on two aspects of learner behavior – the amount of cheating and learners’ engagement in formative course activities. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, this work provides MOOC designers with an ‘analytically-verified’ MOOC assessment model to reduce cheating without compromising learner engagement in formative assessments. Second, this study provides a learning analytics methodology to approximate the effect of such an intervention.
ON THE THE MARI INTERJECTIONS ADDRESSING DOGS AND CATS BORROWED FROM THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Sibatrova Serafima Sergeevna
Published: December 2019

The article is concerned with one of the lexical-semantic subgroups of the Mari imperative interjections, namely the interjections addressing dogs and puppies, cats and kittens. The aim of the paper is to define vocabulary of the studied interjections and the place of the Russian borrowings among them. To achieve this goal the following tasks were outlined: searching for studied lexemes in the sources, systematization of the revealed lexemes according to their semantics (calling or repelling) and territory of their use, the etymological analysis of the studied data and quantitative calculation of the lexemes according to their origin with special attention to Russian borrowings. The research was conducted on the base of materials of modern grammars, special monographs and articles on the Mari language, lexical data of dictionaries (10 volumed dictionary, dialectical, etymological). When analysing the origin of the lexemes in question etymological and lexicographical works on Russian and Turkic languages were used. In the paper the imperative interjections addressing dogs and puppies, cats and kittens were generalized and systemized for the first time, their origin was revealed. There were established the sets of words for calling and repelling, they were made according to the main dialects of the Mari language. In the sources there were found 14 interjections for calling and repelling dogs and puppies, cats and kittens, and also for hounding dogs: 11 of them address dogs and puppies, 3 of them address cats and kittens. 7 of the revealed interjections are used for calling dogs and puppies, cats and kittens, 7 for repelling, including interjection for hounding dogs. Etymology of 8 items (or 57 %) is connected with Russian language: 6 interjections (3 supposedly) address dogs and puppies, 2 interjections address cats and kittens.
SACRIFICIAL OFFERING КУЯСЬКОН IN THE UDMURT FOLK MEDICINE
Authors: Panina Tatiana Igorevna
Published: December 2019

The article aims to systematize and analyze contemporary ethnographic data on an Udmurt healing ritual known as куяськон , that is making a sacrificial offering of symbolic presents (for example, coins, a heel of bread, en egg, salt, etc.) to the evil spirits or the undead. The ritual is believed to help to cure such disorders as skin diseases (abscesses, boils, rashes), pains in the lower extremities, sharp and persistent pain in any part of the body or sudden health deterioration, which are supposed to occur as the result of breaking ritual and cultural norms and space and time requirements. I pay particular attention to the structural components of the ritual, analyze its personal, verbal, spatial, temporal, attributive, and action codes, and trace its evolution.
Using of JPEG image as a cover media for text hiding
Authors: Naseef Husam Mohammad  , Ahmed Abdul-latief Mohammed
Published: December 2019

This paper, will overview the use of data hiding techniques in JPEG digital image file format. In particular, will describe how one can use Steganography to hide information in a JPEG digital image. This research will review of hiding data by using Least Significant Bit (LSB) as a method, and hiding a text (document) in a JPEG image as a media cover. This paper was implemented by using matlab to complete hiding data. Data hiding is a technique that is used to embed secret information into a cover media. However, the transmitted images may be compressed or not. When it is transmitted, an errors transmitting may occur. If such errors occurred, the receiver cannot extract the information correctly from the cover_image. Digital media have been massively produced, easily manipulated, and swiftly transmitted to almost anywhere in the world at anytime.
Rwcovry of Nickel from Burned Fuel Waste in seawage station
Authors: Ahmed Jassim Muklive
Published: December 2019

تضمن البحث أفضل الطرق الكيميائية والظروف المناسبة لاسترداد النيكل على شكل كبريتات أو اوكسيد من مخلفات حرق الوقود في محطات مياه الصرف الصحي تم دراسة بعض المتغيرات مثل تركيز الحامض المستخدم ، حجم الحامض ، زمن التفاعل والأس الهيدروجيني (pH) على عملية استرداد النيكل من المخلفات بعد استرداد الفناديوم منها . تشير النتائج المستحصلة بأن نسبة النيكل في المخلفات تتراوح بين (3-6) % وتصبح النسبة (8-15) % بعد عمليات استرداد الفناديوم منها . كانت كفاءة عملية استرداد النيكل اكثر من (90) % ونقاوة المادة الناتجة بحدود (98) % .