bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Provisions related to polygamyin the amendment of the Iraq personal Status Law before Kurdistan parliament( study and Analysis)
Authors: Faqi Ali Jawad , Kamal Hamadamin Awat
Published: December 2020

إن مسألة تعدد الزوجات جاءت في القرآن الكريم و هو نص واضح و صريح.للرجل المسلم ووفق الشريعة الإسلامية أن يتزوج امرأة واحدة او اثنتين او ثلاث او اربع ,إن حكم تعدد الزوجات التكليفي هو (اباحته)اي (مباح) ,متروك فعله و عدم فعله للرجال على وجه الاختيار , ولكن وفق شروط شرعية.ان مسألة تطبيق الشريعة من اهم المسائل التي تحتاج الى فقه متمكن لا يجافي النصوص القطعية و القواعد الشرعية ,وفي نفس الوقت لا ينكر الوقائع المشهودة و المصالح الظاهرة . من أبرز الشروط للتعدد العدل و القدرة على الانفاق , وجاء في النص المعدل لقانون الاحوال الشخصية النافذ في اقليم كوردستان شروط عديدة , من اهمها موافقة الزوجة الأولى على الزواج الثاني ,ويكون توافر الشروط المطلوبة سبب لإعطاء الإذن من قبل القاضي المختص لإجراء عقد الزواج الثاني .ومن يجري عقد زواج بالثانية دون أخذ اذن مسبق من القضاء يعاقب بالحبس و الغرامة ,دون أن يكون للقاضي سلطة تقديرية في إختيار إحدى العقوبتين أو يقوم بوقف تنفيذ العقوبة ,حيث منع المشرع ذلك بنص قاطع وذلك في الفقرة التالية لفقرة العقوبة , و بذلك يكون العقوبة شيء حتمي. وحسب نتائج الإستبيان و إستطلاع آراء العاملين في القضاء فأن مسألة تحقق كافة الشروط شيء غير واقعي وأن الشروط تعجيزية ولايمكن أن تتوافر جميعها في وقت واحد . إن المشرع الكوردستاني عدَّل في نص التعدد لمصلحة المرأة , ولكنه في الواقع العملي لم يشكل عائقا امام التعدد , ولكنه وسع الشرخ في العلاقة بين الزوجين , لأن الزوجة الأولى لن توافق بارادتها و رضاها على زواج زوجها بامرأة اخرى ,وهذا هو سبب خلق المشاكل وليس طريقا لحلها .
Gender Awareness against the Work of Women by University Teacher
Authors: Ali Ahmed Omer , Mohammed Noori Abdulla Adel
Published: December 2020

یهدف البحث إلی كشف مستوى وعي الاساتذة‌ الجامعية في جامعة السليمانية حول عمل المرأة, و كشف وجود أهم الاختلافات الموجودة في أرائهم عن موضوع الوعي الجندري حول عمل المرأة وفق متغير ( العمر الجنس واللقب العلمي وسنوات الخدمة) وذلك من خلال الإجابة على السؤال الرئيسي ( ما مدى مستوى وعي الاساتذة الجامعية حول عمل المرأة؟ ) .اعتمد الباحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، ويتكون مجتمع البحث من الاساتذة الجامعية في الهيئة التدريسية من جامعة السليمانية.لقد تم اختيار عينة البحث بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة، وتتكون العينة من (118) ذكراً، و(98) انثى. ولغرض جمع المعلومات قام الباحث بإعداد استبانة تتكون من (27) فقرة. كما استفاد الباحث من حزمة برنامج (SPSS).وقد توصل الباحث إلى النتائج التالية: لاتوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في نظر المبحوثين وفق متغير اللقب العلمي والعمر. وفكر المساواة والشراكة في العمل بين الرجل والمراة في مستوى رفيع لدى الاساتذة الجامعية , وحصلت الدراسة على أنّ النساء قادرات في التغلب على الاعاقات أمامهنّ.
Acciones temerarias en la ley de protección de los derechos de los consumidores: Críticas a su regulación contenida en la ley N°19.496 y a su falta de desarrollo
Authors: Roa Navarrete Matías , Hassi Troxler Sebastián
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo realiza un análisis de las denominadas “acciones temerarias” reguladas en el artículo 50 E de la Ley Nº 19.496 sobre protección de los derechos de los consumidores. En específico, se revisa la regulación original que contenía la ley sobre esta materia, así como las sucesivas modificaciones que se han introducido, dando cuenta de cómo las mismas han tendido a lo contrario, generando una deficiente regulación de la sanción de este tipo de acciones. Frente a lo anterior, se efectúa una propuesta de lege ferenda a objetos de solucionar los inconvenientes apuntados y otorgar certeza a los distintos intervinientes en procesos de protección de los derechos del consumidor.
La didáctica participativa. La educación superior y su contexto
Authors: López Dawson Carlos
Published: December 2020

La sociedad contemporánea exige innovar en la enseñanza del Derecho. En ese sentido la metodología pedagógica basada en competencias puede ser un instrumento útil, ya que tiene como objetivo formar a los estudiantes para la competencia profesional en un mundo cambiante, por lo que la vinculación de la educación universitaria con la realidad constituye el objetivo principal del proceso de aprendizaje y se realiza teniendo en cuenta que el proceso de evaluación, la programación y la planificación se relacionan entre sí y deben ocurrir en paralelo. Sin embargo, la técnica, la teoría y la metodología docente no son suficientes para un mundo mejor, si no hay un contexto democrático y participación de los actores educativos.
Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020: A Summary
Authors: Johnston Kelly , Shelnutt Karla P.
Published: December 2020

N/A
Living Well to Keep Your Pressure Down
Authors: Bobroff Linda B.
Published: December 2020

High blood pressure, or hypertension, can cause serious health problems. It makes your heart work harder and can damage your blood vessels even if you feel okay. Everyone should have their blood pressure checked regularly. If you have certain risk factors, you are more likely to have high blood pressure. This 6-page fact sheet is a major revision that discusses risk factors and ways to reduce risk.
Triangulation: Establishing the Validity of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Guion Lisa A. , Diehl David C. , McDonald Debra
Published: December 2020

Triangulation is a method used by qualitative researchers to check and establish validity in their studies by analyzing a research question from multiple perspectives. This 3-page fact sheet presents five types of triangulation. Written by Lisa A. Guion, David C. Diehl, and Debra McDonald , and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, August 2011.

This is a major revision of :

Guion, Lisa. 2002. “Triangulation: Establishing the Validity of Qualitative Studies”. EDIS 2002 (6). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fy394-2002.
[HS1302] Grove Planning and Establishment
Authors: Zekri Mongi
Published: December 2020

No abstract.  Manuscript to be published in the citrus production guide
FERTIGATION FOR CITRUS TREES
Authors: Zekri Mongi , Schumann Arnold , Vashisth Tripti , Kadyampakeni Davie , Morgan Kelly T. , Bowman Brian J. , Obreza Thomas A.
Published: December 2020

Microirrigation is an important component of citrus production systems in Florida. For citrus trees, microirrigation is more desirable than other irrigation methods for several reasons: water conservation, fertilizer management efficiency, and freeze protection. Research has shown that when microirrigation systems are properly managed, water savings can amount to as much as 80% compared with subirrigation and 50% compared with overhead sprinkler irrigation. Research has also shown the important advantage of microsprinklers for freeze protection of citrus. This 4-page fact sheet discusses fertilizer solubility and some common fertigation materials. It also offers a fertigation summary. Written by Mongi Zekri, Arnold Schumann, Tripti Vashisth, Davie Kadyampakeni, Kelly Morgan, Brian Boman, and Tom Obreza, and published by the UF Horticultural Sciences Department, September 2017.
Health Benefits of Pumpkin Seed and Nutrition Profile of 35 Pumpkin Accessions
Authors: Meru Geoffrey M. , Fu Yuqing , Leyva Dayana , Sarnoski Paul , Yagiz Yavuz
Published: December 2020

This article aims to summise production and nutrition aspects of pumpkin seed. Specifically, it focuses on health benefits of the seeds, production practices and provides data on the oil, protein and fatty acid composition of 35 pumpkin accessions.
Manejo de Insectos en Cruciferas (Cultivos de Coles) (Brocoli, Repollo, Coliflor, Col, Col Rizada, Mostaza, Rabano, Nabos)
Authors: Webb Susan E. , Niño A. , Smith Hugh A.
Published: December 2020

Los vegetales conocidos como crucíferas son un grupo de cultivos amplio y cada vez más importante en Florida. Un número de insectos se alimenta exclusivamente de crucíferas y afecta todos los cultivos enlistados en el título.­This thirty-page fact sheet is the Spanish translation of IG150: Insect Management for Crucifers (Cole Crops). Written by S.E. Webb, A. Nino, y H.A. Smith and published by the Entomology and Nematology Department.­http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ig168
Insect and Mite Integrated Pest Management in Florida Cotton
Authors: Funderburk Joseph E. , Casuso Nicole , Leppla Norman C. , Donahoe Michael
Published: December 2020

Insect and mite pests of cotton feed on cotton roots, leaves, stems, and fruit and reduce plant health and productivity, and, subsequently, cotton crop yields. These pests hide in different places on or within the plant or field, which makes them difficult to find and identify and costly to manage. The purpose of this 14-page guide written by Joseph Funderburk, Nicole Casuso, Norman Leppla, and Michael Donahoe and published by the Department of Entomology and Nematology is to provide Florida cotton growers a selected set of options for integrated pest management of insects and mites in cotton fields. It serves as a reference for cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical control of arthropods. The guide includes links to additional UF/IFAS EDIS articles, as well as external sources of information on arthropod management. The guide also contains a searchable table of registered insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides for Florida cotton.­edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1111
Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) Management Program for Ornamental Plants
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Palmer Christi , McKenzie Cindy L. , Osborne Lance S.
Published: December 2020

Provides management recommendations, strategies for detection and scouting, and advice about control measures for Bemisia tabaci.
Soybean Looper Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Carter Ethan T. , Gillett-Kaufman Jennifer Lynn
Published: December 2020

The soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), is a light to dark green caterpillar which derives its name from its preferred host plant (soybean, Glycine max) and the looping movement it makes while in motion.  Includes: Introduction - Distribution - Description and Life Cycle - Hosts - Damage and Economic Importance - Management - Selected References

Also published on the Featured Creatures website at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/soybean_looper.htm
Green Scale, Coccus viridis (Green) (Insecta: Homoptera: Coccidae)
Authors: Dekle Geo W. , Fasulo Thomas R.
Published: December 2020

The green scale, Coccus viridis (Green), an insect pest of citrus and other plants, is found out-ofdoors and in greenhouses in Florida. This pest was first found in Florida near Davie, Broward County in May 1942, by State Plant Board grove inspectors, and is now well established in south Florida. This insect is also referred to as the coffee green scale. This document is EENY-253 (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular 165), one of a series of the Department of Entomology, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Date printed: December 2001.

EENY-253/IN436: Green Scale, Coccus viridis (Green) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccidae) (ufl.edu)
Persistence, Fate, and Effectiveness of Dispersants used during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Authors: Wilson Monica , Graham Larissa , Hale Christine , Maung-Douglass Emily , Sempier Stephen , Swann LaDon
Published: December 2020

The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill was the first spill that occurred in the deep ocean, nearly one mile below the ocean’s surface. The large-scale applications of dispersants used at the surface and wellhead during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill raised many questions and highlighted the importance of understanding their effects on the marine environment. 

This 9-page fact sheet concerns the use of dispersants in response to the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, the first spill that occurred in the deep ocean, nearly a mile below the surface. Written by Monica Wilson, Larissa Graham, Christine Hale, Emily Maung-Douglass, Stephen Sempier, and LaDon Swann and published by the Florida Sea Grant College Program, the fact sheet was selected for publication on EDIS by Monica Wilson. Originally published at the National Sea Grant Library: https://eos.ucs.uri.edu/EOS_Linked_Documents/gomsg/EX-GOMRI-1%20-%20Wilson_M_2015.pdfhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/sg150
Particulate Phosphorus in the Everglades Agricultural Area: II-- Transport Mechanisms
Authors: Daroub Samira H. , Stuck James D. , Lang Timothy A. , Diaz Orlando A.
Published: December 2020

This document is SL 198, one of a series of the Soil and Water Science Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published November 2002.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss417
Plant Nutrients for Citrus Trees
Authors: Zekri Mongi , Obreza Thomas A.
Published: December 2020

This document is SL 200, a fact sheet of the Soil and Water Science Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First printed: January 2003.

SL 200/SS419: Plant Nutrients for Citrus Trees (ufl.edu)
Tools for Evaluating Soil Health
Authors: Badha Jehangir H. , Capasso Jay M. , Schindelbeck Robert R. , Bacon Allan R.
Published: December 2020

Soil health is a term synonymous with soil quality. It refers to the chemical, biological, and physical characteristics that influence a soil’s ability to function sustainably and to satisfy the needs of humans, support plants, and cycle elements, water, and energy between earth systems. This four-page fact sheet identifies ways to evaluate soil health. Written by Jehangir H. Bhadha, Jay Capasso, Robert S. Schindelbeck, and Allan R. Bacon and published by the Department of Soil and Water Sciences.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss657
Pasture-associated Liver Disease in Horses
Authors: House Amanda M. , Elfenbein J. R.
Published: December 2020

Know the common pasture plants that cause liver disease, because clinical signs are often non-specific and may not appear until it is too late. This 4-page fact sheet was written by A.M. House and J.R. Elfenbein and published by the UF Department of Veterinary Medicine-Large Animal Clinical Sciences, August 2011. (Photo: Thomas Wright) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/vm180
An Overview of Cloud Computing and Deployment of Big Data Analytics in the Cloud
Authors: Mannava Pushpa
Published: December 2020

Big Data is a data evaluation method makes it possible for by recent breakthroughs in details and interactions modern technology. However, big data evaluation requires a massive quantity of calculating resources making fostering costs of big data technology is not inexpensive for lots of small to tool business. In this paper, we detail the benefits as well as obstacles associated with deploying big data analytics through cloud computing. We suggest that cloud computer can support the storage space as well as computing requirements of big data analytics. This paper provides a detailed overview of cloud computing and deployment of big data analytics in the cloud.
Caracterização epidemiológica dos casos de Sífilis Congênita na região norte do Brasil, no período 2014 a 2019
Authors: Almeida Carolina Gomes , Ávila Gabriel Pereira , Teixeira Isabelly Montenegro , Rodrigues Raíza Júlia Viana , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de , Fecury Amanda Alves
Published: December 2020

A sífilis é uma doença causada pela bactéria Treponema pallidum, adquirida, em grande maioria, por transmissão sexual. A sífilis congênita é uma doença contagiosa e de transmissão vertical (da mãe para o feto). Este estudo teve por objetivo apresentar o número de casos notificados de sífilis congênita na região norte do Brasil, entre os anos de 2014 a 2019, e caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos. Foi realizada pesquisa descritiva, transversal e retrospectiva, utilizando banco de dados do DATASUS. Houve aumento do número de casos no período avaliado, destacando-se o Estado do Amazonas, que apresentou o maior número de notificações. Com relação a realização do pré-natal, uma média de quatro vezes mais mulheres realizam que as que não realizaram. As mulheres com grau escolar materno da 5º a 8º série incompleta do ensino fundamental apresentaram maior número de casos da doença. Apesar de a região norte ter uma elevada realização de pré-natal, a maior parte dos casos de sífilis congênita foi diagnosticada somente após o parto, indicando interpretações errôneas quanto aos exames e consequente erro no diagnóstico e tratamento. Sendo a forma precoce (surgimento até o 2º ano de vida) a maior parte do número de casos, sucede-se uma evolução favorável da doença. A escolaridade e a renda parecem ser fatores que influenciam no diagnóstico tardio da doença. Há necessidade do aumento de parceiros tratados, diminuindo a transmissão da sífilis e, consequentemente, da sífilis congênita.
Reorganização da atenção à saúde mental na pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Figel Flávia Caroline , Da Costa Sousa Maristela , Yamaguchi Larissa Sayuri , Gonçalo Suelen Letícia , Murta Júlia Eliane , Alves Amanda Cristina
Published: December 2020

A pandemia por COVID-19 exigiu a reorganização dos serviços da saúde, inclusive da saúde mental. Este artigo é um relato de experiência, estruturado por meio de abordagem crítico reflexiva e descritiva, sobre as ações da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Paraná para favorecer a reorganização da Atenção à Saúde Mental diante do surto de coronavírus. Foi elaborada uma Nota Orientativa para possibilitar a manutenção do cuidado para usuários anteriormente atendidos pela Rede, assim como o acompanhamento daqueles que possam apresentar sofrimento mental em decorrência desse período de pandemia.
Quality of Life and Renal Functional Status In Patients With Cutaneous Ureterostomy and Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion after Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Deb Subrata , Chowdhury Md Golam Mowla , Rahman Mohammad Shafiqur , Faruque Mohammad Salahuddin , Islam Ashraful , Mondal Madhusudan , Mondal Nirupom , Mridha Md Moktadir Hossain
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Radical cystoprostetectomy in male patients and anterior pelvic exenteration in female patients coupled with en-block pelvic lymphadenectomy and urinary reconstruction or diversion remains the gold standard surgical approach to muscle invasive bladder cancer in the absence of metastatic disease. In Bangladesh, commonly performed urinary diversions are Cutaneous ureterostomy and Ileal conduit. Types of urinary diversion have a great impact on different aspects of quality of life (QoL) as well as post -operative renal function.
Aims and Objectives: This study was designed to compare the Quality of Life and Renal Function in between Cutaneous ureterostomy and Ileal conduit urinary diversion after radical cystectomy.
Methodology: This was a hospital based Quasi Experimental study in which patients were selected by purposive sampling and, conducted from July, 2017 to September, 2018 in the department of Urology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. This study was performed among the patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer treated by radical cystectomy with cutaneous ureterostomy or Ileal conduit fulfilling the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Total 34 patients were taken for the study, among them 17 for cutaneous ureterostomy and, 17 for Ileal Conduit Group. Quality of Life was assessed through EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire both pre and post operatively (3 months after operation). Renal function was assessed before and 1st POD, 7thPOD, one month and three months after operation by measuring eGFR.
Result: Mean age of the patients was 59.00 ± 8.60 years and 53.35 ± 8.43years in group- A (Cutaneous ureterostomy) and group-B (Ileal conduit) respectively. Three months after operation, overall QoL in all scales were improved in both group but, more improvements were noted in group-B than group-A which were statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean pre-operative eGFR was significantly lower in group-A than group-B (p<0.001). Three months after operation, statistically significant differences in eGFR, were observed within, and in between two groups (p<0.05). Percentage of eGFR changed (renal function deterioration) were significantly more in group-A than group-B (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Quality of life, after radical cystectomy with ileal conduit is better than cutaneous ureterostomy and, post- operative renal function deterioration significantly less in ileal conduit group than cutaneous ureterostomy group. So, ileal conduit is an appropriate option of urinary diversion for the patient those who permit prolong operative procedure.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 2, July 2020 p.142-150
Flexible Cystoscopy a Valuable Diagnostic Lool for Lower Urinary Tract Pathology
Authors: Khan Md Rokonuzzaman , Naser Fazal , Hossain Moazzam , Rahman Mostafizur
Published: December 2020

Objective: To assess the role of flexible cystoscopy in the diagnosis of lower urinary tract pathology and its suitability as a routine diagnostic protocol in outdoor patients.
Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted at the advanced centre of kidney diseases and urology, Dhaka central international medical college, Dhaka from Jan 2016 to jan2019. All adult patients presenting with lower urinary symptoms to outdoor department were included. Flexible Cystoscopy was performed as a outdoor based procedure without sedation.
Results: Of the 249 patients in the study,198(79%) were male and 51(21%) were female. Lower urinary tract pathologies were found in 192(72%) patients. The most common pathology among males was enlarged prostate 56(31%) patients. Urethral stricture, bladder neck high were found 23(11%),21(10%) respectively. Among females, urethral stenosis was the most common pathology in 23(32%)patients. Transitional cell carcinoma was seen in 11(4.4%) patients having hematuria with inconclusive ultrasound and intravenous urography. .All patients tolerated the procedure well with no procedure related complaints.
Conclusion: Flexible cystoscopy is an effective, well tolerated and easy way of detecting lower urinary tract pathologies. It can alter the management as well as support the diagnosis and management. It is also helpful in routine surveillance of bladder tumours of low grade and low stage. Flexible cystoscopy should therefore be used as routine diagnostic protocol in outdoor practice.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 2, July 2020 p.151-153
Correlation Between PSA Density and Gleason Score In Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Yusuf Md Naved , Gupta Sudip Das , Rahman Mohammed Mianur , Rahman Md Mahmud Ur
Published: December 2020

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common form of malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death among men. The histological grade is an independent determinant of disease prognosis and survival. The Gleason System (GS) grading is the most widely accepted classification. Several recent studies have searched for factors that could predict GS upgrading. High prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) has been shown to be predictors of risk progression in many studies, reflecting the possibility of undetected aggressive cancer.
Objective: To detect the association between PSA density and Gleason score in prostate cancer patients.
Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out at the department of urology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford hospital, Dhaka. Patients diagnosed as prostate cancer meeting the inclusion criteria admitted in the above mentioned place was the study population. Statistical analyses were carried out by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Student t-test was used for continuous variables. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between the groups. P values <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Total eighty three patients were included in this study. The mean age was found 69.2±7.7 years ranging from 50 to 85 years. The mean volume of prostate was 42.3±17.6 ml ranging from 13.0 to 68.0 ml. The mean Gleason score was 7.8±1.4 ranging from 6.0 to 10.0. More than one third (33.7%) patients had PSA density 0.15- 0.5 ng/ml/ml. Three patients had found Gleason score 9 (5+4) within PSA density 0.51-1.0 ng/ml/ml, 5 patients within PSA density 1.1-1.5 ng/ml/ml, 3 patients within PSA density 1.51-2.0 ng/ml/ml, 6 patients within PSA density 2.1-2.5 ng/ml/ml, 5 patients within PSA density 2.51-3.0 ng/ml/ml and 2 patients within PSA density >3.0 ng/ml/ml. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) among seven groups. Positive correlation (r=0.717; p=0.001) between PSA density with Gleason score.
Conclusion: In this study, we find there is a strong correlation between PSA density and Gleason score.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 2, July 2020 p.164-168
Outcome of Laser Urethrotomy in Comparison with Optical Internal Urethrotomy in Recurrent Stricture Urethra Following Perineal Anastomotic Urethroplasty for PUDD
Authors: Debnath Ripan , Alam Md Nabid , Belal Md Towhid , Saha Prodyut Kumar , Karmaker Uttam , Chowdhury Md Shafiqul Alam
Published: December 2020

Objective: To compare the outcome of laser urethrotomy and optical internal urethrotomy(OIU) for the treatment of recurrent stricture urethra following perineal anastomotic urethroplasty for posterior urethral distraction defect.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014.Male patients presented with obstructed voiding symptoms following perineal anastomotic urethroplasty were evaluated by their history, physical findings and investigations (urinalysis, uroflowmetry, retrograde urethrogram and micturiting cystourethrogram ) & primarily 64 patients are selected by purposive sampling. Patients are divieded again by random allocation into group A and group B and underwent for OIU and laser urethrotomy respectively.
Results: Comparison was made to find out the better method between optical urethrotomy and laser urethrotomy. Overall per-operative complications (bleeding, extravasations of irrigating fluid, false passage and broken knife) in the former group were 31.3% compared to none in the latter group. Post-operative complications like bleeding, haematoma, penile oedema and erectile dysfunction were found only in Group-A (p=0.002). The mean duration of postoperative catheterization and average hospital stay were observed to be much higher in Group-A than that in Group-B (p=0.000008; p=0.0006). Comparison of final outcome (development of stricture) between groups at 1 year of evaluation in Group-A and Group-B was not significant (p= 0.320).
Conclusion: Laser urethrotomy is better than optical urethrotmy in regards of peroperative and post-operative complications.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 2, July 2020 p.181-187
Treatment Modalities of Muscle Invasive Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Bladder
Authors: Chowdhury ATM Mowladad , Ahmed Bakhtiar , Chowdhury Md Muntasir
Published: December 2020

The treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is complex. This review describes the available therapies for invasive urothelial carcinoma. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) and lymph node dissection has been considered the slandered treatment for MIBC. Many patients those are unfit for surgery or cisplatin ineligible, bladder sparing strategies are considered in highly selected patients. Even though there are no level I data, the treatment outcomes for highly select patients given bladder sparing therapy appear promising, with many patients retaining a functional bladder. So it can be concluded that treatment of MIBC is a multidisciplinary collaborative program of surgery, radiation and medical oncology.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 2, July 2020 p.205-209
Antidiabetic Activity of Momordica charantia L. and Mechanism of Insulin Secretion of 1-Butanol Soluble Part on Type 2 Diabetic Model Rats
Authors: Hossain M Shakhawoat , Hasan MK , Shoeb M , Mamun M I R , Nahar N , Ali L , Mosihuzzaman M , Rokeya B , Chaudhury HS
Published: December 2020

The in vivo effects of fruit pulp juice (MC-PJ) of Momordica charantia and its 1-butanol soluble part (MC-BP) and aqueous soluble part (MC-AP) on blood glucose of type 2 diabetic rats were studied. In vitro insulin secretion in response to MC-BP and MC-AP from whole perfused pancreas was measured. For elucidating the mechanism of insulinotropic action, the insulin secretory activity of MC-BP in the presence of 11 mM glucose, 50 μM verapamil (Ca++ channel blocker), 8 mM diazoxide (K+ ATP channel opener) and 10 mM theophylline (cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor) were studied. Serum glucose was measured by glucose oxidase-peroxidase method and rat insulin was assayed by specific ELISA. In the in vivo study, MC-BP significantly opposed the rise of serum glucose compared to control at 105 min (p<0.05). Although the MC-AP and MC-PJ lowered the serum glucose both at 60 and 105 min, these were not statistically significant. In the in vitro study, only MC-BP produced 22-fold increase in insulin secretion from the perfused pancreas at nonstimulatory glucose level, which was significant (basal vs. MC-BP, 0.071±0.009 vs. 1.563±0.150 ng/ml, p<0.001). The MC-BP also enhanced the insulin secretion from the glucose-stimulated pancreas (p<0.001). The MC-BP induced insulin secretion was not affected in presence of diazoxide and verapamil. The obtained results also showed that MC-BP enhanced the insulin secretory effect of theophylline (p<0.001). The findings indicate that MC-BP has stimulatory effects on physiological pathways of insulin secretion which may underlie its reported antidiabetic action.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2): 111-117, 2020 (December)
Konstruksi Realitas Makam Dewi Sekardadu dalam Komunikasi Pariwisata Pro-Poor di Sidoarjo
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Indonesia, Hariyanto Didik , Utomo Djarot Meidi Budi ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Indonesia, Sukmana Hendra ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Indonesia, Dharma Ferry Adhi ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Indonesia
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the construction of reality carried out by the community against the tomb of Dewi Sekardadu as pro-poor tourism development. This research method is qualitative with the Peter L. Berger phenomenological approach. The results showed that there was a construction of reality carried out through three stages (externalization, objectivation, internalization). In the externalization, the stakeholders emphasized the Islamic side of Dewi Sekardadu. The objective reality of Dewi Sekardadu as an Islamic figure was accepted by the whole community because they got primary socialization from the family. Secondary socialization of Dewi Sekardau's tomb as a tourism commodity occurs when the community is mature. Due to a lack of knowledge, existing tourism support facilities cannot be maximized by most people. They still work as keepers of fish ponds and river fishermen due to the lack of socialization and training in tourism management from the government.
Development of Kahoot application as learning media for online learning in the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Rahim Rani , Rahman M. Arif , Putri Ega Evinda
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengembangan media pembelajaran aplikasi Kahoot yang layak dan efektif. Media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan adalah aplikasi Kahoot. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian R & D (Research and Development) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan Dick & Carey. Untuk melihat kelayakan media diperoleh dari 5 orang validasi ahli yang terdiri dari 2 orang ahli materi, 1 orang ahli bahasa, 1 orang ahli desain dan 1 orang ahli media. Sedangkan untuk melihat keefektifan media diperoleh dari uji coba terhadap media pembelajaran. Uji coba dilakukan sebanyak dua kali. Uji coba pertama dilakukan kepada 9 orang siswa yang terdiri dari 3 orang siswa kemampuan rendah, 3 orang siswa kemampuan sedang, dan 3 orang siswa kemampuan tinggi. Sedangkan uji coba kedua dilakukan terhadap siswa kelas X yang terdiri dari 30 orang siswa. Berdasarkan kesimpulan dari kelima ahli menyatakan bahwa media pembelajaran termasuk dalam kategori baik dan layak untuk digunakan. Sedangkan berdasarkan rekapan hasil uji coba penilaian siswa terhadap media pembelajaran pada uji coba pertama dan kedua dengan kategori sangat baik. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan media pembelajaran aplikasi Kahoot layak dan efektif digunakan kepada siswa.
‘Köhnü’ (Vitis vinifera L.) Üzüm Çeşidinin, Fenolojik, Ampelografik ve Kalite Özellikleri
Authors: KOÇ Hasan , ÇÖÇEN Erdoğan , KOKARGÜL Remzi , SARITEPE Yüksel , SAĞLAM Hayri
Published: December 2020

Asmanın anavatan bölgesi içerisinde yer alan Anadolu’da çok sayıda yerel üzüm çeşidi yetişmektedir. Bu çeşitlerin özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, çeşit tescili ve yetiştirme tekniği açısından önemlidir. Malatya ili Türkiye’nin önemli meyvecilik merkezlerindendir. Bağcılık kültürünün çok eskilere dayandığı ilde pek çok yerel üzüm çeşidi bulunmaktadır. İlde yetiştirilen ve ekonomik öneme sahip mahalli çeşitlerden biri de ‘Köhnü’ çeşididir. Malatya Kayısı Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde 2018-2019 yıllarında yürütülen bu çalışmada ‘Köhnü’ üzüm çeşidinin fenolojik, pomolojik ve ampelografik özellikleri tanımlanmıştır. Fenolojik gözlemlerde 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında sırasıyla; gözlerin 27 Nisan - 5 Mayıs tarihlerinde uyandığı, tam çiçeklenmenin 5-15 Haziran, ben düşme döneminin 10-12 Ağustos, hasat zamanının 13-16 Eylül, yaprak dökümünün 10-15 Kasım tarihlerinde gerçekleştiği ve ortalama EST isteğinin 1884 gd olduğu belirlenmiştir. Pomolojik analizlerde; ortalama salkım ağırlığının 348.63 g, tane boyunun 35.70 mm, tane eninin 24.98 mm ve 100 tane ağırlığının ise 416.05 g olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada; SÇKM değerinin %21.88, pH değerinin 3.70, TEA değerinin ise %0.50 olduğu saptanmıştır. OIV kriterlerine göre yapılan ampelografik tanımlamalarda; salkımların büyük, tanelerin yumurta şeklinde, kabuk kalınlığının orta düzeyde, mavi-siyah renkli, meyve etinin kısmen sert, çekirdek oluşumunun tam olduğu ve kendine özel tat içerdiği görülmüştür. Çalışma sonunda; ilde sofralık olarak değerlendirilen ‘Köhnü’ üzüm çeşidi Malatya Kayısı Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü adına tescillenmiştir.
Multi-Building Extraction and Alignment for As-Built Point Clouds: A Case Study With Crane Cameras
Authors: Masood Mustafa K. , Aikala Antti , Seppänen Olli , Singh Vishal
Published: December 2020

Automatic reality capture and monitoring of construction sites can reduce costs, accelerate timelines and improve quality in construction projects. Recently, automatic close-range capture of the state of large construction sites has become possible through crane and drone-mounted cameras, which results in sizeable, noisy, multi-building as-built point clouds. To infer construction progress from these point clouds, they must be aligned with the as-designed BIM model. Unlike the problem of aligning single buildings, the multi-building scenario is not well-studied. In this work, we address some unique issues that arise in the alignment of multi-building point clouds. Firstly, we show that a BIM-based 3D filter is a versatile tool that can be used at multiple stages of the alignment process. We use the building-pass filter to remove non-building noise and thus extract the buildings, delineate the boundaries of the building after the base is identified and as a post-processing step after the alignment is achieved. Secondly, in light of the sparseness of some buildings due to partial capture, we propose to use the best-captured building as a pivot to align the entire point cloud. We propose a fully automated three-step alignment process that leverages the simple geometry of the pivot building and aligns partial xy-projections, identifies the base using z-histograms and aligns the bounding boxes of partial yz-projections. Experimental results with crane camera point clouds of a large construction site show that our proposed techniques are fast and accurate, allowing us to estimate the current floor under construction from the aligned clouds and enabling potential slab state analysis. This work contributes a fully automated method of reality capture and monitoring of multi-building construction sites.
Reversal of Endothelial Extracellular Vesicle-Induced Smooth Muscle Phenotype Transition by Hypercholesterolemia Stimulation: Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Yuan Xinxu , Bhat Owais M. , Samidurai Arun , Das Anindita , Zhang Yang , Li Pin-Lan
Published: December 2020

Recent studies reported that vascular endothelial cells (ECs) secrete NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome products such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) via extracellular vesicles (EVs) under various pathological conditions. EVs represent one of the critical mechanisms mediating the cell-to-cell communication between ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, whether or not the inflammasome-dependent EVs directly participate in the regulation of VSMC function remains unknown. In the present study, we found that in cultured carotid ECs, atherogenic stimulation by oxysterol 7-ketocholesterol (7-Ket) induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation, reduced lysosome-multivesicular bodies (MVBs) fusion, and increased secretion of EVs that contain inflammasome product IL-1β. These EC-derived IL-1β-containing EVs promoted synthetic phenotype transition of co-cultured VSMCs, whereas EVs from unstimulated ECs have the opposite effects. Moreover, acid ceramidase (AC) deficiency or lysosome inhibition further exaggerated the 7-Ket-induced release of IL-1β-containing EVs in ECs. Using a Western diet (WD)-induced hypercholesterolemia mouse model, we found that endothelial-specific AC gene knockout mice (Asah1fl/fl/ECCre) exhibited augmented WD-induced EV secretion with IL-1β and more significantly decreased the interaction of MVBs with lysosomes in the carotid arterial wall compared to their wild-type littermates (WT/WT). The endothelial AC deficiency in Asah1fl/fl/ECCre mice also resulted in enhanced VSMC phenotype transition and accelerated neointima formation. Together, these results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β production during hypercholesterolemia promotes VSMC phenotype transition to synthetic status via EV machinery, which is controlled by lysosomal AC activity. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into understanding the pathogenic role of endothelial NLRP3 inflammasome in vascular injury through EV-mediated EC-to-VSMC regulation.
Immune Characterization of Ovarian Cancer Reveals New Cell Subtypes With Different Prognoses, Immune Risks, and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Cong Shanshan , Guo Qiuyan , Cheng Yan , He Yanan , Zhao Xibo , Kong Congcong , Ning Shangwei , Zhang Guangmei
Published: December 2020

Ovarian cancer (OV) is a considerable threat to the health of women due to its complex mechanisms and atypical symptoms. Various currently available treatments fail to substantially increase the survival rate of OV patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is gaining attention due to its role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. This study mainly investigated the immune characteristics of OV by CIBERSORT and MCP-counter. We reclassified OV into four TME cell subtypes with different prognoses and evaluated the infiltration of the cells in each subtype. The immune risk of diverse subtypes was evaluated based on the immunoscore calculated by Cox regression analysis. The molecular mechanisms and hallmark pathways of the four subtypes were analyzed. The results indicate that the immune procancer cell subtype is associated with the worst prognosis, closely related to the high immune risk group, and characterized by low expression of checkpoints and MHC class I and II molecules, high expression of hypoxia-related genes, high enrichment of the EMT and hypoxia pathways, and low enrichment of the DNA repair and interferon α response pathways. This study contributes to the investigation of immune mechanisms and identifies more effective targets for immunotherapy of OV.
Obesity Increases the Severity and Mortality of Influenza and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Xue , Gang Xiaokun , He Guangyu , Li Zhuo , Lv You , Han Qing , Wang Guixia
Published: December 2020

Since December 2019, COVID-19 has aroused global attention. Studies show the link between obesity and severe outcome of influenza and COVID-19. Thus, we aimed to compare the impacts of obesity on the severity and mortality of influenza and COVID-19 by performing a meta-analysis. A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science from January 2009 to July 2020. The protocol was registered onto PROSPERO (CRD42020201461). After selection, 46 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed. We found obesity was a risk factor for the severity and mortality of influenza (ORsevere outcome = 1.56, CI: 1.28-1.90; ORmortality = 1.99, CI: 1.15-3.46). For COVID-19, obesity was a significant risk factor only for severe outcome (OR = 2.07, CI: 1.53-2.81) but not for mortality (OR = 1.57, CI: 0.85-2.90). Compared with obesity, morbid obesity was linked with a higher risk for the severity and mortality of both influenza (OR = 1.40, CI: 1.10-1.79) and COVID-19 (OR = 3.76, CI: 2.67-5.28). Thus, obesity should be recommended as a risk factor for the prognosis assessment of COVID-19. Special monitoring and earlier treatment should be implemented in patients with obesity and COVID-19.
Formation of Oxidatively Modified Lipids as the Basis for a Cellular Epilipidome
Authors: Spickett Corinne M.
Published: December 2020

While often regarded as a subset of metabolomics, lipidomics can better be considered as a field in its own right. While the total number of lipid species in biology may not exceed the number of metabolites, they can be modified chemically and biochemically leading to an enormous diversity of derivatives, many of which retain the lipophilic properties of lipids and thus expand the lipidome greatly. Oxidative modification by radical oxygen species, either enzymatically or chemically, is one of the major mechanisms involved, although attack by non-radical oxidants also occurs. The modified lipids typically contain more oxygens in the form of hydroxyl, epoxide, carbonyl and carboxylic acid groups, and nitration, nitrosylation, halogenation or sulfation can also occur. This article provides a succinct overview of the types of species formed, the reactive compounds involved and the specific molecular sites that they react with, and the biochemical or chemical mechanisms involved. In many cases, these modifications reduce the stability of the lipid, and breakdown products are formed, which themselves have interesting properties such as the ability to react with other biomolecules. Publications on the biological effects of modified lipids are growing rapidly, supporting the concept that some of these biomolecules have potential signaling and regulatory effects. The question therefore arises whether modified lipids represent an “epilipidome”, analogous to the epigenetic modifications that can control gene expression.
Simulation of a Station Blackout Accident for the SMART Using the CINEMA Code
Authors: Kim Hyoung Tae , Song Jin Ho , Park Rae-Joon
Published: December 2020

SMART is a small-sized integral type PWR containing major components within a single reactor pressure vessel. Advanced design features implemented into SMART have been proven or qualified through experience, testing, or analysis according to the applicable approved standards. After Fukushima accident, a rising attention is posed on the strategy to cope with a Station Blackout (SBO) accident, which is one of the representative severe accidents related to the nuclear power plants. The SBO is initiated by a loss of all offsite power with a concurrent failure of both emergency diesel generators. With no alternate current power source, most of the active safety systems that perform safety functions are not available. The purpose of SBO analysis in this paper is to show that the integrity of the containment can be maintained during a SBO accident in the SMART (System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor). Therefore, the accident sequence during a SBO accident was simulated using the CINEMA-SMART (Code for INtegrated severe accidEnt Management and Analysis-SMART) code to evaluate the transient scenario inside the reactor vessel after an initiating event, core heating and melting by core uncovery, relocation of debris, reactor vessel failure, discharge of molten core, and pressurization of the containment. It is shown that the integrity of the containment can be maintained during a SBO accident in the SMART reactor. It has to be mentioned that the assumptions used in this analysis are extremely conservative that the passive safety systems of PSIS and PRHRS were not credited. In addition, as ANS73 decay heat with 1.2 multiplier was used in this analysis, actual progression of the accident would be much slow and amount of hydrogen generation will be much less.
Biogenic Aggregation of Small Microplastics Alters Their Ingestion by a Common Freshwater Micro-Invertebrate
Authors: Drago Claudia , Pawlak Julia , Weithoff Guntram
Published: December 2020

In recent years, increasing concerns have been raised about the environmental risk of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems. Small microplastics enter the water either directly or accumulate through disintegration of larger plastic particles. These particles might then be ingested by filter-feeding zooplankton, such as rotifers. Particles released into the water may also interact with the biota through the formation of aggregates, which might alter the uptake by zooplankton. In this study, we tested for size-specific aggregation of polystyrene microspheres and their ingestion by a common freshwater rotiferBrachionus calyciflorus. The ingestion of three sizes of polystyrene microspheres (MS) 1-, 3-, and 6-μm was investigated. Each MS size was tested in combination with three different treatments: MS as the sole food intake, MS in association with food algae and MS aggregated with biogenic matter. After 72 h incubation in pre-filtered natural river water, the majority of the 1-μm spheres occurred as aggregates. The larger the particles, the higher the relative number of single particles and the larger the aggregates. All particles were ingested by the rotifer following a Type-II functional response. The presence of algae did not influence the ingestion of the MS for all three sizes. The biogenic aggregation of microspheres led to a significant size-dependent alteration in their ingestion. Rotifers ingested more microspheres (MS) when exposed to aggregated 1- and 3-μm MS as compared to single spheres, whereas fewer aggregated 6-μm spheres were ingested. This indicates that the small particles when aggregated were in an effective size range forBrachionus, while the aggregated larger spheres became too large to be efficiently ingested. These observations provide the first evidence of a size- and aggregation-dependent feeding interaction between microplastics and rotifers. Microplastics when aggregated with biogenic particles in a natural environment can rapidly change their size-dependent availability. The aggregation properties of microplastics should be taken into account when performing experiments mimicking the natural environment.