bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alterations of the gut microbiota in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Li Zhuocan , Tao Xiangkun , Wang Dongfang , Pu Juncai , Liu Yiyun , Gui Siwen , Zhong Xiaogang , Yang Dan , Zhou Haipeng , Tao Wei , Chen Weiyi , Chen Xiaopeng , Chen Yue , Chen Xiang , Xie Peng
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder, of which molecular pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Accumulating evidence suggest that gut microbiota may affect brain function via the complex gut-brain axis, which may be a potential contributor to schizophrenia. However, the alteration of gut microbiota showed high heterogeneity across different studies. Therefore, this study aims to identify the consistently altered gut microbial taxa associated with schizophrenia.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search and synthesis of the up-to-date human gut microbiome studies on schizophrenia, and performed vote counting analyses to identify consistently changed microbiota. Further, we investigated the effects of potential confounders on the alteration of gut microbiota.

Results

We obtained 30 available clinical studies, and found that there was no strong evidence to support significant differences in α-diversity and β-diversity between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Among 428 differential gut microbial taxa collected from original studies, we found that 8 gut microbial taxa were consistently up-regulated in schizophrenic patients, including Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Lactobacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus, Succinivibrio, Prevotella and Acidaminococcus. While 5 taxa were consistently down-regulated in schizophrenia, including Fusicatenibacter, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Coprococcus and Anaerostipes.

Discussion

These findings suggested that gut microbial changes in patients with schizophrenia were characterized by the depletion of anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing genera, and the enrichment of certain opportunistic bacteria genera and probiotics. This study contributes to further understanding the role of gut microbiota in schizophrenia, and developing microbiota-based diagnosis and therapy for schizophrenia.
From bench to policy: a critical analysis of models for evidence-informed policymaking in healthcare
Authors: Jabali Seyyed Hadi , Yazdani Shahram , Pourasghari Hamid , Maleki Mohammadreza
Published: March 2024

Background

The use of research evidence in policy making is a complex and challenging process that has a long history in various fields, especially in healthcare. Different terms and concepts have been used to describe the relationship between research and policy, but they often lack clarity and consensus. To address this gap, several strategies and models have been proposed to facilitate evidence informed policy making and to identify the key factors and mechanisms involved. This study aims to critically review the existing models of evidence informed policy making (EIPM) in healthcare and to assess their strengths and limitations.

Method

A systematic search and review conducted to identify and critically assess EIPM models in healthcare. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases as major electronic databases and applied predefined inclusion criteria to select the models. We also checked the citations of the included models to find other scholars’ perspectives. Each model was described and critiqued each model in detail and discussed their features and limitations.

Result

Nine models of EIPM in healthcare were identified. While models had some strengths in comprehension, flexibility and theoretical foundations, analysis also identified limitations including: presupposing rational policymaking; lacking alternatives for time-sensitive situations; not capturing policy complexity; neglecting unintended effects; limited context considerations; inadequate complexity concepts; limited collaboration guidance; and unspecified evidence adaptations.

Conclusion

The reviewed models provide useful frameworks for EIPM but need further improvement to address their limitations. Concepts from sociology of knowledge, change theory and complexity science can enrich the models. Future EIPM models should better account for the complexity of research-policy relationships and provide tailored strategies based on the policy context.
Assessment of the Chesapeake Bay watershed socio-ecological system through the Circles of Coastal Sustainability framework
Authors: Leyva Ollivier María Esther , Newton Alice , Kelsey Heath
Published: March 2024

The concern with preserving natural resources for the future has been capturing global attention due to the state of decline of productive ecosystems. Chesapeake Bay, a large estuary located on the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States of America is such a productive ecosystem supporting thousands of animal and plants species, and the surrounding human population. Despite the concept of sustainable development, there has been continued pressure on the natural resources and the ecosystem services of the Bay. Institutional restoration and management efforts have been extensive, generating organizations, agreements, regulations and projects, among others. This research assesses Chesapeake Bay’s sustainability in four domains: environment, social, economy, and governance, using the Circles of Coastal Sustainability methodology. Each of the four domains has five categories, and each category is evaluated by the authors’ expert judgment using indicators related to the socio-ecological system and the definition of sustainable development. The article proposes a global sustainability score developed by a literature review of sustainability evaluated through the expert judgment of the authors. The results from the framework gave a “Satisfactory” score to the overall system; the environment and economic domains obtained the “Satisfactory” score, whilst the government and social domains obtained “Good” and “Poor” scores, respectively. The categories ranged between “Excellent” and “Poor” scores. The “Excellent” score was obtained by organization. The “Poor” score was obtained by five categories across the domains including social benefits, demographic, identity, security, and economic wellbeing. The assessment showed that the system has degradation problems, but the results have provided a general foundation for management bridges and barriers for sustainable development, with the barriers used to discuss new bridges towards holistic management proposals. The framework is a tool in progress to communicate to various actors the current sustainability development with the available information, provide a holistic system view, and find knowledge gaps in the research of a system. Similarly, the framework and assessment can be complemented, adapted, refined, and improved with each application as part of an adaptive management iterative cycle.
Livestock and environmental characterization of Colombian municipalities: study of vesicular stomatitis
Authors: Lima Daniel Magalhães , Chaparro Diana Carolina Linares , Mancera Viviana Marcela Mendez , Merchán Jenny Andrea Vela , Roman Ana Clara Kohara , Buzanovsky Lia Puppim , Cosivi Ottorino , Sanchez-Vazquez Manuel José
Published: March 2024

Amid the surge in data volume generated across various fields of knowledge, there is an increasing necessity for advanced analytical methodologies to effectively process and utilize this information. Particularly in the field of animal health, this approach is pivotal for enhancing disease understanding, surveillance, and management. The main objective of the study was to conduct a comprehensive livestock and environmental characterization of Colombian municipalities and examine their relationship with the distribution of vesicular stomatitis (VS). Utilizing satellite imagery to delineate climatic and land use profiles, along with data from the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) concerning animal populations and their movements, the research employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to explore the correlation between environmental and livestock-related variables. Additionally, municipalities were grouped through a Hierarchical Clustering process. The assessment of risk associated with VS was carried out using a Generalized Linear Model. This process resulted in the formation of four distinct clusters: three primarily characterized by climatic attributes and one predominantly defined by livestock characteristics. Cluster 1, identified as “Andino” due to its climatic and environmental features, exhibited the highest odds ratio for VS occurrence. The adopted methodology not only provides a deeper understanding of the local population and its context, but also offers valuable insights for enhancing disease surveillance and control programs.
Proteomic analysis of the serum in dogs with pulmonary hypertension secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease: the preliminary study
Authors: Sakarin Siriwan , Rungsipipat Anudep , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Jaresitthikunchai Janthima , Phaonakrop Narumon , Charoenlappanit Sawanya , Thaisakun Siriwan , Surachetpong Sirilak Disatian
Published: March 2024

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), characterized by elevated blood pressure in pulmonary artery. Echocardiography is a reliable technique for PH diagnosis in veterinary medicine. However, it is limited to use as an early detection method. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has found extensive application in the discovery of serum protein biomarkers for various diseases. The objective of this study was to identify serum proteins in healthy control dogs and MMVD dogs both with and without PH using LC–MS/MS.

Materials and methods

In this research, a total of 81 small-breed dogs participated, and they were categorized into three groups: the control (n = 28), MMVD (n = 24) and MMVD+PH (n = 29) groups. Serum samples were collected and analyzed by LC–MS/MS.

Results

Differentially expressed proteins were identified, and the upregulated and downregulated proteins in MMVD+PH group including Myomesin 1 (MYOM1) and Histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7), Pleckstrin homology domain containing M3 (PLEKHM3), Diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLA) and Tubulin tyrosine ligase like 6 (TTLL6) were selected as proteins of interest in MMVD dogs with PH.

Conclusion

Different types of proteins have been identified in healthy dogs and MMVD dogs with and without PH. Additional studies are needed to investigate the potential of these proteins as biomarkers for PH in dogs with MMVD.
Impact of high Spirulina diet, extruded or supplemented with enzymes, on blood cells, systemic metabolites, and hepatic lipid and mineral profiles of broiler chickens
Authors: Spínola Maria P. , Alfaia Cristina M. , Costa Mónica M. , Pinto Rui M. A. , Lopes Paula A. , Pestana José M. , Tavares João C. , Mendes Ana R. , Mourato Miguel P. , Tavares Beatriz , Carvalho Daniela F. P. , Martins Cátia F. , Ferreira Joana I. , Lordelo Madalena M. , Prates José A. M.
Published: March 2024

The impact of 15% dietary inclusion of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) in broiler chickens was explored, focusing on blood cellular components, systemic metabolites and hepatic lipid and mineral composition. From days 14 to 35 of age, 120 broiler chickens were divided and allocated into four dietary treatments: a standard corn and soybean meal-based diet (control), a 15% Spirulina diet, a 15% extruded Spirulina diet, and a 15% Spirulina diet super-dosed with an enzyme blend (0.20% porcine pancreatin plus 0.01% lysozyme). The haematological analysis revealed no significant deviations (p > 0.05) in blood cell counts across treatments, suggesting that high Spirulina inclusion maintains haematological balance. The systemic metabolic assessment indicated an enhanced antioxidant capacity in birds on Spirulina diets (p < 0.001), pointing toward a potential reduction in oxidative stress. However, the study noted a detrimental impact on growth performance metrics, such as final body weight and feed conversion ratio (both p < 0.001), in the Spirulina-fed treatments, with the super-dosed enzyme blend supplementation failing to alleviate these effects but with extrusion mitigating them. Regarding hepatic composition, birds on extruded Spirulina and enzyme-supplemented diets showed a notable increase in n-3 fatty acids (EPA, DPA, DHA) (p < 0.001), leading to an improved n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (p < 0.001). Despite this positive shift, a reduction in total hepatic lipids (p = 0.003) was observed without a significant change in cholesterol levels. Our findings underscore the need for further exploration into the optimal inclusion levels, processing methods and potential enzymatic enhancements of Spirulina in broiler diets. Ultimately, this research aims to strike a balance between promoting health benefits and maintaining optimal growth performance in poultry nutrition.
Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in low-birth-weight goat kids
Authors: Song Huihui , Hao Zhuohang , Feng Hehan , Li Rui , Zhang Ran , Limesand Sean W. , Zhao Yongju , Chen Xiaochuan
Published: March 2024

Low birth weight (LBW) impairs the development and health of livestock by affecting postnatal growth performance and metabolic health in adulthood. Previous studies on indigenous goats in southwest China showed that LBW goat kids had higher mortality and morbidity rates, including hepatic dyslipidemia and liver damage. However, the mechanism of insulin resistance affecting lipid metabolism under LBW conditions remains unclear. In this study, we conducted in vivo glucose-insulin metabolic studies, measured biochemical parameters, and analyzed related regulatory pathways. Both glucose tolerance tests and insulin tolerance tests indicated insulin resistance in LBW goat kids compared to controls (p < 0.05). The marker of insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), was 2.85-fold higher in LBW than in control goats (p < 0.01). Additionally, elevated levels of free fatty acids in both plasma and skeletal muscle were observed in LBW goats compared to normal birth weight (NBW) goats (p < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis revealed impairments in lipid metabolism and insulin signaling in LBW goats. The observed lipid accumulation was associated with the upregulation of genes linked to fatty acid uptake and transport (FABP3), fatty acid oxidation (PPARA), triacylglycerol synthesis (LPIN1 and DGAT1), oxidative stress (ANKRD2), and insulin resistance (PGC1α). Furthermore, the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) was lower in the liver of LBW goat kids (p < 0.05). While there was no change in insulin function in skeletal muscle, LBW may lead to lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle by interfering with insulin function in the liver. These findings collectively impact the health and growth performance of livestock.
Simulation Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Residual Film Pickup Process Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Zhang Xuejun , Guo Lei , Yan Jinshan , Shi Zenglu , Kang Mengchen , Yao Jieting
Published: March 2024

The extended duration of mulching in Xinjiang cotton fields leads to a significant decline in the tensile strength of plastic film. When recycling is in operation, the soil and the spring teeth of the machinery used can easily cause secondary damage and fracture the residual film. Establishing appropriate working parameters for recycling is essential to enhance the overall quality of collection efforts. By analyzing the motion process of a chain-tooth residual film pickup device, we identified key working parameters that significantly impact the efficiency of recycling. Employing the finite element method (FEM) and a coupled algorithm incorporating smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), we developed a coupled finite element model representing the interaction among spring teeth, soil, and residual film. Through simulation and analysis of the process of inserting the spring teeth into the soil to collect film, we derived the governing rules for residual film stress and deformation changes. Utilizing forward speed, rotational angular velocity, and angle of entry into the soil of the spring teeth as test factors and selecting the residual film stress and the residual film deformation as test indices, we conducted a multi-factor simulation test. We established a mathematical model correlating test factors with test indices, and the influence of each factor on the test index was analyzed. Subsequently, we optimized the working parameters of the spring teeth. The results indicated that the optimal working parameters are forward speed of 1111.11 mm/s, rotational angular velocity of 25 rad/s, and angle of entry into the soil of 30°. At these values, the average peak stress of residual film was 4.51 MPa and the height of residual film pickup was 84.48 mm. To validate the optimized the spring teeth impact on performance, field experiments were conducted with recovery rate and winding rate as test indices. The results demonstrated a 92.1% recovery rate and a 1.1% winding rate under the optimal combination of working parameters. The finite element model presented in this paper serves as a reference for designing and analyzing key components of residual film recycling machines.
The Stability of Aggregates in Different Amazonian Agroecosystems Is Influenced by the Texture, Acidity, and Availability of Ca and Mg in the Soil
Authors: Lima Alan Ferreira Leite de , Campos Milton César Costa , Silva Joalison de Brito , Araújo Witória de Oliveira , Mantovanelli Bruno Campos , Souza Fernando Gomes de , Beirigo Raphael Moreira , Silva Douglas Marcelo Pinheiro da , Macedo Rodrigo Santana , Oliveira Flávio Pereira de
Published: March 2024

The processes of occupation and exploitation in the Amazon have been increasing, and as a consequence, forest areas are being replaced by agroecosystems. As a consequence of this change, changes have been occurring in the soil attributes, and consequently, in the stability of aggregates in these environments. Thus, this work had two objectives: the first was to evaluate the impacts generated by the conversion of forests into agroecosystems on the soil attributes that are related to aggregates, in the southwestern region of the Amazon; the second objective was to evaluate the roles of pedophysical and pedochemical parameters on the stability of soil aggregates. The study was carried out on rural properties located in the southern part of Amazonas State, Brazil. Eight areas under different agroecosystems were selected: in the municipality of Canutama: (i) annatto, (ii) guarana, and (iii) cupuassu; in the municipality of Humaitá: (iv) cassava, (v) agroforestry, and (vi) sugarcane; and in the municipality of Manicoré: (vii) pasture and (viii) native forest. Unformed soil samples were collected from the 0.00–0.10 m layer and analyzed for aggregate stability, bulk density, soil organic carbon, and soil organic carbon stock. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. The largest soil aggregations occurred in the annatto, guarana, sugarcane, and pasture agroecosystems. We associate the greater aggregation capacity of soils with factors that are inherent to the cultivated species and soil properties. The first factor corresponds to the adaptability of the Amazonian and grass species and their ability to produce biomass. The second factor is related to the physical and chemical properties of Amazonian soils, largely influenced by the sand fraction, soil organic carbon, soil acidity, and availability of exchangeable Ca and Mg.
Impact of a Pharmacist-Driven Penicillin Allergy De-Labeling Pilot Program in Preoperative Cardiothoracic and Spine Surgery Patients at a Quaternary Hospital
Authors: Crum Hannah , Gagnon Brandon , Thumann Alexis , Sidebottom Abbey , Vacquier Marc , Gens Krista
Published: March 2024

Documented penicillin allergies are associated with an increased risk of surgical site infections (SSIs), and first-line antibiotics (e.g., cefazolin) are associated with a lower risk of SSIs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of a pharmacist-driven penicillin allergy de-labeling pilot program on the use of preoperative cefazolin in selected surgery patients with documented penicillin allergies. This single-center, quasi-experimental study included adult patients with a charted penicillin allergy who underwent CT or spine surgery in 2021 (control group) or during the 6-month intervention pilot (October 2022–March 2023). In the intervention group, qualifying patients were interviewed via phone to assess allergy history. Qualified patients were de-labeled or referred to an allergist for outpatient skin testing and/or oral challenge. The primary outcome was the rate of cefazolin use preoperatively. Secondary outcomes included 30-day SSIs, Clostridioides difficile infection, acute kidney injury, readmission, and hospital length of stay. Of the intervention group, 57 (79.2%) patients completed the interview. Cefazolin was used preoperatively in 71.0% (152) of the control group versus 88.9% (64) of the intervention group (p < 0.002). There were no clinically significant differences in secondary outcomes. The pharmacist-driven penicillin allergy de-labeling pilot program in CT and spine surgery patients was associated with increased cefazolin use.
The Role of Insects in Sustainable Animal Feed Production for Environmentally Friendly Agriculture: A Review
Authors: Hancz Csaba , Sultana Sadia , Nagy Zoltán , Biró Janka
Published: March 2024

The growing demand for animal protein, the efficient use of land and water, and the limitations of non-renewable energy sources highlight the global importance of edible insects. This paper provides an overview of the key issues regarding the role of edible insects in sustainable feed production and environmentally friendly agriculture. The indispensable ecological services provided by insects are discussed, as well as the farming, products, and nutritional value of edible insects. A representative selection of the literature reviewing major insect species’ chemical compositions and nutritional value is also presented. The use of insect-derived feeds for animal production is presented in detail and discussed for the major terrestrial livestock and aquaculture groups.
Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in an African Lion: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Zhang Liang , Chen Hui , Ding Yulin , Wang Wenlong , Wa Gao , Zheng Bingwu , Wang Jinling
Published: March 2024

Background: Feline pulmonary Langerhans cells histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare disorder that results in progressive respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary parenchymal infiltration with Langerhans cells (LCs). A diagnosis of PLCH is proposed based on the clinical features and pathological findings and confirmed based on the infiltrating histiocytic cells. There are few documented cases of feline PLCH, and this case report of PLCH in an African Lion could present new information and aspects of this feline histiocytic disease. Case presentation: An African lion at Hohhot Zoo showing severe hyporexia and dyspnea with subsequent mental depression and emaciation died of exhaustion after a 35-day course of illness. Empirical treatment did not have a significant effect. An autopsy revealed that the lungs were enlarged and hardened due to infiltrative lesions, with many yellowish-white foci in all the lobes and sections. Furthermore, the kidneys were atrophied and had scattered grayish-white lesions on the surface. At the same time, congestion was widely distributed in various locations, including the liver, subcutaneous loose connective tissues, serosal surface and other tissues and organs. Histologically, proliferative histiocytic cells (PHCs) were scattered in the alveolar cavities, bronchioles and submucosa of bronchioles, with evident cellular and nuclear pleomorphism, and thus the alveolar septa were obliterated. The histopathological changes in other organs included chronic sclerosing glomerulonephritis, proliferated Kupffer cells in the liver, adrenal edema and interstitial connective tissue hyperplasia, as well as atrophy of the small intestines and spleen. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis results were strongly positive for CD1a, vimentin, S100 and E-cadherin in the membrane or cytoplasm of PHCs, supporting an LC phenotype. Conclusions: Here, we present a rare pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis case in an African lion.
Detection of Vancomycin Resistance among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered from Children with Invasive Diseases in a Reference Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Pardo Lorena , Mota María Inés , Parnizari Andrés , Varela Adriana , Algorta Gabriela , Varela Gustavo
Published: March 2024

Vancomycin is the cornerstone in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. However, therapeutic failures can occur when MRSA strains with decreased susceptibility to glycopeptides (DSG) are involved. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize DSG in MRSA recovered from children with invasive diseases at a reference pediatric hospital between 2009 and 2019. Fifty-two MRSA strains were screened using agar plates with vancomycin 3 and 4 mg/L (BHI-3 and BHI-4); the VITEK2 system; and standard and macro E-tests. Suspicious hVISA were studied by population analysis profiling–area under the curve (PAP-AUC), and wall thickness was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Neither VRSA nor VISA were detected in this set. As only three strains met the hVISA criteria, the PAP-AUC study included 12 additional MRSA strains that grew one colony on BHI-4 plates or showed minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and/or teicoplanin ≥ 1.5 mg/L. One strain was confirmed as hVISA by PAP-AUC. The wall thickness was greater than the vancomycin-susceptible control strain; it belonged to ST30 and carried SCCmec IV. As expected, a low frequency of hVISA was found (1.9%). The only hVISA confirmed by PAP-AUC was not detected by the screening methods, highlighting the challenge that its detection represents for microbiology laboratories.
Endothelial NOX5 Obliterates the Reno-Protective Effect of Nox4 Deletion by Promoting Renal Fibrosis via Activation of EMT and ROS-Sensitive Pathways in Diabetes
Authors: Jandeleit-Dahm Karin A. M. , Kankanamalage Haritha R. , Dai Aozhi , Meister Jaroslawna , Lopez-Trevino Sara , Cooper Mark E. , Touyz Rhian M. , Kennedy Christopher R. J. , Jha Jay C.
Published: March 2024

Chronic hyperglycemia induces intrarenal oxidative stress due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to a cascade of events that contribute to the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). NOX5, a pro-oxidant NADPH oxidase isoform, has been identified as a significant contributor to renal ROS in humans. Elevated levels of renal ROS contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction and associated inflammation, causing increased endothelial permeability, which can disrupt the renal ecosystem, leading to progressive albuminuria and renal fibrosis in DKD. This study specifically examines the contribution of endothelial cell-specific human NOX5 expression in renal pathology in a transgenic mouse model of DKD. This study additionally compares NOX5 with the previously characterized NADPH oxidase, NOX4, in terms of their relative roles in DKD. Regardless of NOX4 pathway, this study found that endothelial cell-specific expression of NOX5 exacerbates renal injury, albuminuria and fibrosis. This is attributed to the activation of the endothelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway via enhanced ROS formation and the modulation of redox-sensitive factors. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic significance of NOX5 inhibition in human DKD. The study proposes that inhibiting NOX5 could be a promising approach for mitigating the progression of DKD and strengthens the case for the development of NOX5-specific inhibitors as a potential therapeutic intervention.
Learning Accurate Pseudo-Labels via Feature Similarity in the Presence of Label Noise
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Xiaoxiao , Wang  Zhen , Dong Yongfeng
Published: March 2024

Due to the exceptional learning capabilities of deep neural networks (DNNs), they continue to struggle to handle label noise. To address this challenge, the pseudo-label approach has emerged as a preferred solution. Recent works have achieved significant improvements by exploring the information involved in DNN predictions and designing a straightforward method to incorporate model predictions into the training process by using a convex combination of original labels and predictions as the training targets. However, these methods overlook the feature-level information contained in the sample, which significantly impacts the accuracy of the pseudo label. This study introduces a straightforward yet potent technique named FPL (feature pseudo-label), which leverages information from model predictions as well as feature similarity. Additionally, we utilize an exponential moving average scheme to bolster the stability of corrected labels while upholding the stability of pseudo-labels. Extensive experiments were carried out on synthetic and real datasets across different noise types. The CIFAR10 dataset yielded the highest accuracy of 94.13% (Top1), while Clothing1M achieved 73.54%. The impressive outcomes showcased the efficacy and robustness of learning amid label noise.
EGCY-Net: An ELAN and GhostConv-Based YOLO Network for Stacked Packages in Logistic Systems
Authors: Firdiantika Indah Monisa , Lee Seongryeong , Bhattacharyya Chaitali , Jang Yewon , Kim Sungho
Published: March 2024

Dispatching, receiving, and transporting goods involve a large amount of manual effort. Within a logistics supply chain, a wide variety of transported goods need to be handled, recognized, and checked at many different points. Effective planning of automated guided vehicle (AGV) transportation can reduce equipment energy consumption and shorten task completion time. As the need for efficient warehouse logistics has increased in manufacturing systems, the use of AGVs has also increased to reduce working time. These processes hold automation potential, which we can exploit by using computer vision techniques. We propose a method for the complete automation of box recognition, covering both the types and quantities of boxes. To do this, an ELAN and GhostConv-based YOLO network (EGCY-Net) is proposed with a Conv-GhostConv Stack (CGStack) module and an ELAN-GhostConv Network (EGCNet). To enhance inter-channel relationships, the CGStack module captures complex patterns and information in the image by using ghost convolution to increase the model inference speed while retaining the ability to capture spatial features. EGCNet is designed and constructed based on ELAN and the CGStack module to capture and utilize hierarchical features efficiently in layer aggregation. Additionally, the proposed methodology involves the creation of a dataset comprising images of boxes taken in warehouse settings. The proposed system is realized on the NVIDIA Jetson Nano platform, using an Arducam IMX477 camera. To evaluate the proposed model, we conducted experiments with our own dataset and compared the results with some state-of-the-art (SOTA) models. The proposed network achieved the highest detection accuracy with the fewest parameters compared to other SOTA models.
Mechanical and Durability Investigation of Composite Mortar with Carbon Microfibers (CMF)
Authors: D’Alessandro Antonella , Ubertini Filippo
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the mechanical properties and the durability implications of innovative cement-based mortars doped with carbon microfibers. In particular, mixes with different amounts of carbon additions are produced, and the properties of fresh and hardened samples are analyzed through workability, water absorption, and compressive and flexural tests under specific environmental conditions. These composites can be employed to enhance construction performance or provide structures with strain-monitoring capabilities. However, the analysis of their mechanical properties and their durability behavior is needed before extensive structural use. In this work, the preparation procedure is defined for the various mix designs, considering different amounts of carbon microfibers; then, fresh properties are evaluated, and different types of samples formed. After various curing times, the specific rheological and hardened properties of the specimens are tested in different conditions to consider the durability of the composites, essential for the real-scale adoption in structural elements. Preliminary electrical and sensing tests are first conducted to evaluate the monitoring potential of the investigated composites. The findings highlight the impact of carbon inclusions on the performance of cement-based mortars, offering valuable insights for their utilization in masonry construction or for repairing concrete structures. In particular, sensing capabilities are found to be highly enhanced by the presence of CMF. Additionally, the results of this research pinpoint key areas for further analysis in the material’s development process.
In Silico Prophage Analysis of Halobacterium salinarum ATCC 33170
Authors: Peters Danielle L. , Akache Bassel , Chen Wangxue , McCluskie Michael J.
Published: March 2024

The extremophile Halobacterium salinarum is an aerobic archaeon that has adapted to thrive in high-salt environments such as salted fish, hypersaline lakes, and salterns. Halophiles have garnered significant interest due to their unique interactions with bacteriophages known as haloarchaeophages. Studies have identified and characterized prophages in halophilic archaea, such as Haloferax volcanii, Haloquadratum walsbyi, and Haloarcula marismortui. Still, an investigation has yet to be conducted into the presence of prophage elements on Halobacterium salinarum ATCC 33170. This is of particular interest to us as we are using this strain as a source of archaeol, as one of the components of our sulfated lactosyl archaeol (SLA) archaeosome adjuvant. Genomic contigs of strain 33170 were bioinformatically assessed for prophage-like features using BLAST, PHASTER, InterProScan, and PHYRE2. A 7 kb region encoding six genes was identified as an incomplete prophage, and the proteins were further analyzed, revealing high homology to proteins encoded by bacteria, archaea, and an IS200 transposon. Restricting the BLASTp database to viruses resulted in hits to both myo- and siphoviral proteins, which would be unusual for an intact prophage. Additionally, no known phage structural proteins were identified in the search, suggesting a low chance that H. salinarum ATCC 33170 harbors a latent prophage.
The Effects of Lockdown, Urban Meteorology, Pollutants, and Anomalous Diffusion on the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Santiago de Chile
Authors: Pacheco Patricio , Mera Eduardo , Navarro Gustavo
Published: March 2024

A study was carried out in Santiago de Chile, located in a geographic basin, on the sustainability and diffusion of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Hourly measurements were used (carried out for 3.25 years in seven communes of the city) to quantify the accumulated sick (AS) population, urban meteorology variables (MVs) (temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and magnitude of wind speed (WS)), and air pollution (P) (PM10, PM2.5, 03). Time series (TS) were constructed for each commune, which related AS to MVs, called AS/VM, and to P, noted AS/P. Chaos theory was applied to each TS, requiring the following variables: the Lyapunov exponent (λ > 0), the correlation dimension (DC < 5), Kolmogorov entropy (SK > 0), the Hurst exponent (H, such that 0 < H < 1), Lempel–Ziv complexity (LZ > 0), and information loss (<ΔI> < 0). Every TS complied with chaos theory. For each commune, CK was calculated as a quotient between the sum of AS/T, AS/WS, and AS/RH entropies and the sum of AS/PM10, AS/PM2.5, and AS/O3 entropies. The results show that the entropy for the AS/P ratio is lower than that of the AS/VM ratio in three of the seven communes, since between 2020 and early 2022, the population was confined, reducing pollution. The TS of the AS/P ratio is more persistent and complex. The predictability times of the ratios are comparable in four of the seven communes. The TS of the AS/MV ratios shows greater information loss and chaos. According to the calculated CK values, it is possible to relate it to anomalous diffusion (sub/super-diffusion) and the context that favored the expansion of the pandemic: urban densification, pollution, urban meteorology, population density, etc. Using Fréchet heavy-tailed probability, the compatibility of the results with CK is verified.
Towards to Battery Digital Passport: Reviewing Regulations and Standards for Second-Life Batteries
Authors: Rufino Júnior Carlos Antônio , Riva Sanseverino Eleonora , Gallo Pierluigi , Koch Daniel , Diel Sergej , Walter Gero , Trilla Lluís , Ferreira Víctor J. , Pérez Gabriela Benveniste , Kotak Yash , Eichman Josh , Schweiger Hans-Georg , Zanin Hudson
Published: March 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions from transportation harm the environment. In response to these environmental concerns, numerous countries encourage the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) as a more environmentally friendly option than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Advances in battery technology have made batteries an alternative solution for energy storage in stationary applications and for electric mobility. Reduced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) production costs due to economies of scale, electrode material and cell design developments, and manufacturing process improvements have driven this success. This trend is expected to increase the number of LIBs on the market that may be discarded in the environment at the end of their useful life if more sustainable alternatives are not technologically mature. This coming environmental concern can be mitigated by collecting wasted EV batteries, reconfiguring them, and reusing them for applications with less stringent weight, performance, and size requirements. This method would extend battery life and reduce environmental effects. The present work investigates the main regulatory structures of the second-life battery industry that require rules, technical standards, and laws. To achieve this objective, a systematic review was carried out following a strict protocol that includes identifying relevant studies, extracting data and information, evaluating, and summarizing information. This paper explains the primary rules and technical standards governing the second-life battery business. The findings highlight the need for universities, research institutions, and government agencies to evaluate the second-life battery industry objectively. This would enable the creation of new technological regulations and laws for this burgeoning industry.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Regional Oxygen Saturation Based Cerebrovascular Reactivity Assessments in Chronic Traumatic Neural Injury versus in Health: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gomez Alwyn , Marquez Izabella , Froese Logan , Bergmann Tobias , Sainbhi Amanjyot Singh , Vakitbilir Nuray , Islam Abrar , Stein Kevin Y. , Ibrahim Younis , Zeiler Frederick A.
Published: March 2024

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2)-based cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) monitoring has enabled entirely non-invasive, continuous monitoring during both acute and long-term phases of care. To date, long-term post-injury CVR has not been properly characterized after acute traumatic neural injury, also known as traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to compare CVR in those recovering from moderate-to-severe TBI with a healthy control group. A total of 101 heathy subjects were recruited for this study, along with 29 TBI patients. In the healthy cohort, the arterial blood pressure variant of the cerebral oxygen index (COx_a) was not statistically different between males and females or in the dominant and non-dominant hemispheres. In the TBI cohort, COx_a was not statistically different between the first and last available follow-up or by the side of cranial surgery. Surprisingly, CVR, as measured by COx_a, was statistically better in those recovering from TBI than those in the healthy cohort. In this prospective cohort study, CVR, as measured by NIRS-based methods, was found to be more active in those recovering from TBI than in the healthy cohort. This study may indicate that in individuals that survive TBI, CVR may be enhanced as a neuroprotective measure.
Development of a 3D Vascular Network Visualization Platform for One-Dimensional Hemodynamic Simulation
Authors: Chen Yan , Kobayashi Masaharu , Yuhn Changyoung , Oshima Marie
Published: March 2024

Recent advancements in computational performance and medical simulation technology have made significant strides, particularly in predictive diagnosis. This study focuses on the blood flow simulation reduced-order models, which provide swift and cost-effective solutions for complex vascular systems, positioning them as practical alternatives to 3D simulations in resource-limited medical settings. The paper introduces a visualization platform for patient-specific and image-based 1D–0D simulations. This platform covers the entire workflow, from modeling to dynamic 3D visualization of simulation results. Two case studies on, respectively, carotid stenosis and arterial remodeling demonstrate its utility in blood flow simulation applications.
Patch-Level Feature Selection for Thoracic Disease Classification by Chest X-ray Images Using Information Bottleneck
Authors: Hung-Nguyen Manh
Published: March 2024

Chest X-ray (CXR) examination serves as a widely employed clinical test in medical diagnostics. Many studied have tried to apply artificial intelligence (AI) programs to analyze CXR images. Despite numerous positive outcomes, assessing the applicability of AI models for comprehensive diagnostic support remains a formidable challenge. We observed that, even when AI models exhibit high accuracy on one dataset, their performance may deteriorate when tested on another. To address this issue, we propose incorporating a variational information bottleneck (VIB) at the patch level to enhance the generalizability of diagnostic support models. The VIB introduces a probabilistic model aimed at approximating the posterior distribution of latent variables given input data, thereby enhancing the model’s generalization capabilities on unseen data. Unlike the conventional VIB approaches that flatten features and use a re-parameterization trick to sample a new latent feature, our method applies the trick to 2D feature maps. This design allows only important pixels to respond, and the model will select important patches in an image. Moreover, the proposed patch-level VIB seamlessly integrates with various convolutional neural networks, offering a versatile solution to improve performance. Experimental results illustrate enhanced accuracy in standard experiment settings. In addition, the method shows robust improvement when training and testing on different datasets.
Multifactorial Causes and Consequences of TLSP Production, Function, and Release in the Asthmatic Airway
Authors: Brister Danica L. , Omer Hafsa , Whetstone Christiane E. , Ranjbar Maral , Gauvreau Gail M.
Published: March 2024

Disruption of the airway epithelium triggers a defensive immune response that begins with the production and release of alarmin cytokines. These epithelial-derived alarmin cytokines, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), are produced in response to aeroallergens, viruses, and toxic inhalants. An alarmin response disproportionate to the inhaled trigger can exacerbate airway diseases such as asthma. Allergens inhaled into previously sensitized airways are known to drive a T2 inflammatory response through the polarization of T cells by dendritic cells mediated by TSLP. Harmful compounds found within air pollution, microbes, and viruses are also triggers causing airway epithelial cell release of TSLP in asthmatic airways. The release of TSLP leads to the development of inflammation which, when unchecked, can result in asthma exacerbations. Genetic and inheritable factors can contribute to the variable expression of TSLP and the risk and severity of asthma. This paper will review the various triggers and consequences of TSLP release in asthmatic airways.
A Comprehensive Exploration of Therapeutic Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Insights from Human and Animal Studies
Authors: Dias Inês Esteves , Dias Isabel Ribeiro , Franchi-Mendes Teresa , Viegas Carlos Antunes , Carvalho Pedro Pires
Published: March 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for a group of chronic inflammatory enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation and persistent or frequent gastrointestinal signs. This disease affects more than 3.5 million humans worldwide and presents some similarities between animal species, in particular, dogs and cats. Although the underlying mechanism that triggers the disease is not yet well understood, the evidence suggests a multifactorial etiology implicating genetic causes, environmental factors, microbiota imbalance, and mucosa immune defects, both in humans and in dogs and cats. Conventional immunomodulatory drug therapies, such as glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants, are related with numerous adverse effects that limit its long-term use, creating the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) emerge as a promising alternative that attenuates intestinal inflammation by modulating inflammatory cytokines in inflamed tissues, and also due to their pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, regenerative, anti-tumor, and anti-microbial potential. However, this therapeutic approach may have important limitations regarding the lack of studies, namely in veterinary medicine, lack of standardized protocols, and high economic cost. This review summarizes the main differences and similarities between human, canine, and feline IBD, as well as the potential treatment and future prospects of MSCs.
Intestinal Dysbiosis: Microbial Imbalance Impacts on Colorectal Cancer Initiation, Progression and Disease Mitigation
Authors: Garvey Mary
Published: March 2024

The human gastrointestinal tract houses a diverse range of microbial species that play an integral part in many biological functions. Several preclinical studies using germ-free mice models have demonstrated that the gut microbiome profoundly influences carcinogenesis and progression. Colorectal cancer appears to be associated with microbial dysbiosis involving certain bacterial species, including F. nucleatum, pks+ E. coli, and B. fragilis, with virome commensals also disrupted in patients. A dysbiosis toward these pro-carcinogenic species increases significantly in CRC patients, with reduced numbers of the preventative species Clostridium butyicum, Roseburia, and Bifidobacterium evident. There is also a correlation between Clostridium infection and CRC. F. nucleatum, in particular, is strongly associated with CRC where it is associated with therapeutic resistance and poor outcomes in patients. The carcinogenic mode of action of pathogenic bacteria in CRC is a result of genotoxicity, epigenetic alterations, ROS generation, and pro-inflammatory activity. The aim of this review is to discuss the microbial species and their impact on colorectal cancer in terms of disease initiation, progression, and metastasis. The potential of anticancer peptides as anticancer agents or adjuvants is also discussed, as novel treatment options are required to combat the high levels of resistance to current pharmaceutical options.