bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does effectuation make innovative digital multi-sided platform startups? An investigation of entrepreneurial behavior in platform-based open innovation
Authors: Prijadi Ruslan , Santoso Adhi Setyo , Balqiah Tengku Ezni , Jung Hongjoo , Desiana Putri Mega , Wulandari Permata
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This research investigates the nature of regulatory-focused effectuation (as the basis of entrepreneurial behavior) in absorptive capacity development for open innovation implementation, the role of crowds or communities management practices in the effectuation-based open innovation process, and open innovation performance as the output of the open innovation process in digital multi-sided platform (MSP) startups context.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to verify the hypothesis, the researcher conducts a quantitative study that is based on a self-administered questionnaire and employs the PLS-SEM approach. The sample comprises of 70 Indonesian digital MSP businesses that have been operational for at least three years and have used open innovation approaches with their audiences, communities or complementors.

Findings

The research findings imply that there is a connection between promotion-focused effectuation and the open innovation process. This connection is particularly strong when it comes to the incorporation of absorptive capacity and crowds or communities management practices. On the other hand, prevention-focused effectuation shows insignificant effect toward open innovation process in digital MSP startups context.

Research limitations/implications

The research findings imply that with limited resources and experiences, young entrepreneurs can still implement open innovation strategy for their digital MSP platform through effectuation principles that leverage the external resources from digital platform ecosystem members.

Practical implications

In digital MSP startups context that perform promotion-based effectuation principles, innovation performance can be achieved by analyzing new insight, transforming the existing activities with the new insight, creating new offering afterward, as well as strengthening crowds or communities management practices through co-creation activities with platform ecosystem members that may lead into new business model.

Originality/value

The originality of this work is to make a contribution to the literature on strategic entrepreneurship by describing the phenomena of the paradox of resource-based theory; adopting open innovation strategy under constrained initial resources and capabilities scenario.
Overcoming the challenges of moving from ISO/TS 16949 to IATF 16949: recommendations for implementing a quality management system in automotive companies
Authors: Bozola Patrícia Maria , Nunhes Thais V. , Barbosa Luís César Ferreira Motta , Machado Marcio C. , Oliveira Otavio José
Published: October 2022

Purpose

In 2016, the ISO/TS 16949 quality management standard for the automotive industry evolved to IATF 16949. The update brought new requirements that need to be analyzed before being implemented in organizations. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to propose guidelines to assist organizations in the automotive sector in the implementation of the elements added in the update to the IATF 16949 standard.

Design/methodology/approach

To fulfill this objective, the identification and analysis of the elements added in the evolution from ISO/TS 16949 to IATF 16949 was carried out, and four case studies were conducted in Brazilian automotive companies.

Findings

The main elements added to IATF 16949 with the update of the standard are the use of process failure mode effects analysis (PFMEA) for risk analysis; the development of a communication channel for employees to report cases of misconduct and non-conformities; procedures for controlling repaired/reworked products and temporary changes; and the inclusion of autonomous maintenance for the full implementation of total productive maintenance (TPM).

Originality/value

The main practical implication/contribution of the research is the proposed guidelines, which can support managers and automotive companies that want to implement, or will go through, the IATF certification process. The article's originality lies in the combination of a theoretical framework and case study analyses to develop the guidelines.
Examining the role of saving and safety on the buying behavior: lessons from the Indian consumer's in COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Khanna Prateek , Sehgal Reetika , Malviya Mayank , Dubey Ashish Mohan
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed consumer buying behavior across the world. COVID-19 crisis brought a behavioral change in consumers' attitudes toward health, financial and social well-being. The current research work highlights the factors influencing consumer buying behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic considering saving and safety perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach

This study attempts to understand the gap in buying behavior with reference to saving and safety. Survey-based study was conducted during the second phase of COVID-19, and the respondents were those who lived in highly affected COVID cities in India. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were carried out for testing the hypotheses.

Findings

Seven factors became the prominent factors in consumer buying patterns during the pandemic. Consumers in the times of COVID-19 pandemic spend only on essential items as compared to nice-to-have and non-essential items.

Research limitations/implications

Respondents considered in the research were millennials aged 25–40. The current research is limited to specific geographic location.

Practical implications

The study assessed how savings and safety influence consumer buying behavior. The 2S framework model for consumer buying behavior during pandemic has been developed. The findings of the study provides a road map to the companies, policy makers, managers and consumers in understanding the consumer buying behavior during pandemic.

Originality/value

The current research work observe the changes in the behavioral patterns of consumers in the context of 2S framework, i.e. saving and safety. This study offer novel contribution as there is no available literature that examined the saving and safety aspects together for consumer buying behavior during crisis.
Ch‐Ch‐changes: the geology of artist brand evolutions
Authors: Eagar Toni , Lindridge Andrew , Martin Diane M.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Existing brand literature on assemblage practices has focused on providing a map or geography of brand assemblages, suggesting that an artist brand’s ability to evolve and achieve brand longevity remains constant. Using geology of assemblage, this study aims to explore the types and mechanisms of change in brand evolutions to address the problem of identifying when and how a brand can transform in an evolving marketplace.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors apply an interpretive process data approach using secondary archival data and in-depth interviews with 31 self-identified fans to explore the artist brand David Bowie over his 50-year career.

Findings

As an artist brand, Bowie’s ability to evolve his brand was constrained by his assemblage. Despite efforts to defy ageing and retain a youth audience appeal, both the media and his fans interpreted and judged Bowie’s current efforts from a historical perspective and continuously reevaluated his brand limiting his ability to change to remain relevant.

Practical implications

Brand managers, particularly artist brands and human brands, may find that their ability to change is constrained by meanings in past strata over time. Withdrawal from the marketplace and the use of silence as a communicative practice enabling brand transformations.

Originality/value

The geology of assemblage perspective offers a more nuanced understanding of brand changes over time beyond the possibilities of incremental or disruptive change. We identify the mechanisms of change that result in minor sedimentation, moderate cracks and major ruptures in a brand’s evolution.
Measuring property flood resilience (PFR) in UK homes
Authors: Adedeji Taiwo , Proverbs David G. , Xiao Hong , Oladokun Victor Oluwasina
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Despite the present focus on improving the resilience of homes to flooding in UK flood risk management policy and strategy, a general measurement framework for determining levels of flood resilience in UK homes does not exist. In light of this, the aim of this study was to develop a means to evaluate the levels of resilience in flood-prone homes from the perspective of homeowners'.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research methodology was employed, with empirical data obtained through a postal survey of homeowners who had experienced flooding. The responses received were then analysed using a combination of statistical techniques including agreement/reliability tests and multiple regression to develop a model of flood resilience.

Findings

A predictive model was developed that allows the resilience of a property to be quantified and measured as perceived by homeowners. The findings indicate that the main factors found to influence the level of flood resilience were: property type (PT), presence of cellar/basement (C/B), property wall type (PWT), property ground floor type (PGFT), kitchen unit type (KU), flood experience (FE), flood source (FS) and flood risk level (FRL).

Practical implications

The resulting model provides unique insights into resilience levels to the benefit of a range of stakeholders including policy makers (such as Defra/Environment Agency), Local Authority flood teams, property professionals, housing associations and homeowners. As a result, homeowners will be in a better position to determine which interventions should be prioritised to ensure better flood protection.

Originality/value

This is the first study of its kind to have rigorously quantified the level of flood resilience for individual homes. This study has quantified the effectiveness of individual resilience measures to derive the first reliable means to measure the overall levels of resilience at the individual property level. This is regarded as a significant contribution to the study of flood risk management through the quantification of resilience within individual UK homes, enabling the prioritisation of interventions and the overall monitoring of resilience.
Public university workers' perception of instrumental ethical work climate: an exploratory study based on demographic variables
Authors: Essien Eyo Emmanuel , Anyadighibe Joseph A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Using public universities as research setting, this study explored whether perception of the prevalence of instrumental ethical climate (IEC) differ among employees based on their gender, age, education levels, job tenure and status.

Design/methodology/approach

Structured survey questionnaires were used in collecting data, and responses from a final sample of 101 senior level university employees were used in the analysis.

Findings

Results of independent t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that although participants had a high overall perception of the presence of IEC in their organisations, statistically significant differences in perception were only found for the gender and education level groups. Furthermore, this research concludes that females are more perceptive of, and sensitive to, the existence of unethical decision-making conditions in their work place, compared to males employees; and that employees with low levels of education are more likely to perceive stronger levels of IECs in their work environment, compared to their more educated counterparts.

Research limitations/implications

Although the sample size is large enough for the kind of inferential analytical method employed in this study, it may not be representative of all the public universities in Nigeria. Furthermore, given that private organisations may encourage different ethical work climates than public establishments, the generalisability of our findings is limited.

Practical implications

To reduce unethical practices in public universities, more women should be encouraged to take up top decision-making positions.

Originality/value

Compared to the general business and public service fields, the current study is one of very few studies that empirically examined individual-level antecedents of ethical climate in African Universities.
Manufacturing strategy 4.0: a framework to usher towards industry 4.0 implementation for digital transformation
Authors: Dohale Vishwas , Verma Priyanka , Gunasekaran Angappa , Akarte Milind
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The role of industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies for organizations to achieve a competitive advantage and mitigate disruptive emergency situations are well exhibited in literature. However, more light needs to be thrown into implementing I4.0 technologies to digitally transform organizations. This paper introduces a novel framework for formulating manufacturing strategy 4.0 (MS 4.0) that guides organizations to implement I4.0 successfully.

Design/methodology/approach

The experts working in I4.0 and technology management domains were interviewed to determine the definition, role and process for formulating MS 4.0. Text mining using VOSViewer© is performed on the experts' opinions to determine the key terms from the opinions through keyword analysis. The identified key terms are mapped together using the existing traditional manufacturing strategy formulation framework to develop the MS 4.0 framework. Finally, the proposed MS 4.0 framework is validated through a triangulation approach.

Findings

This study captured the role, definition and process to formulate MS 4.0 and proposed a framework to help practitioners implement I4.0 at manufacturing organizations to achieve competitiveness during normal and emergency situations.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed MS 4.0 framework can assist industry practitioners in formulating the strategy for implementing the I4.0 technology/gies to digitally transform their manufacturing firm to retain the maximum manufacturing output and become market competent in normal and emergency situations.

Originality/value

This study is the first of its kind in the body of knowledge to formulate a digital transformation strategy, i.e. MS 4.0, to implement I4.0 technologies through a manufacturing strategic lens.
The role of impulsiveness and habit strength in reducing food waste
Authors: Tuu Ho Huy
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study applies and extends goal concepts by exploring the roles of goal intention and implementation planning in explaining how consumers minimize food waste (FW). It consists of impulsiveness in a food domain and food waste-related habit strength as obstacles in this motivational process.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data from 399 Vietnamese consumers and structural equation modeling are used to test the proposed model.

Findings

The results establish a causal mechanism from goal intention to food waste reduction behavior via implementation planning. It also highlights mechanisms in which impulsiveness leads to a weak goal intention and careless implementation planning, consolidates FW-related habit strength and makes consumers fail to achieve food waste reduction (FWR) goals.

Research limitations/implications

Future studies would benefit by investigating FWR behavior in different contexts based on the theory of trying or model of goal-directed behavior with the other traits, such as self-esteem or environmental values.

Practical implications

Businesses should design smaller eating portions to limit consumer impulsiveness in buying food. Food policymakers should educate consumers to form and maintain implementation planning, provide them with useful tools to deal with food habits or stimulate ethical motives to reduce FW.

Originality/value

This study extends goal concepts by exploring different routes, highlighting the competing roles of impulsiveness and habit strength compared with goal intention on FWR behavior.
Investigating the linkage between Shariah board size, liquidity risk and bank stability through an asymmetric lens
Authors: Haddou Samira , Mkhinini Sawssen
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the asymmetric effect of liquidity risk (LR) and Shariah board size on bank financial stability for a panel of Islamic banks (IBs) based in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Southeast Asian countries over the 2006–2019 period.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses the asymmetric nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) error correction model insofar as it allows assessing not only whether IBs with large boards outperform their peers with reduced boardrooms but also unveiling the potential asymmetries between LR and stability.

Findings

The findings show that while increasing the number of the Shariah board members does not impact the financial stability of IBs in both the short and long runs its decrease appears to enhance their stability in the long run. The findings also show that a hike, as well as a fall in LR, significantly influences the stability in the long run, which underlines the role that LR plays in bank financial stability.

Research limitations/implications

A prominent line of future research may consist in extending the country sample to cover more representative full-fledged IBs based on different regions, which allows the breakdown of the sample into GCC-based and non-GCC-based IBs. Doing so is interesting in terms of governance implications. Another extension would consist in considering additional sources of risk to stability.

Practical implications

IBs should enhance their expertise, which helps them diversify their funding strategy and cater for liquidity solutions. They also must establish a better Shariah governance framework to contain their risk-taking behavior that ultimately contributes to achieving financial stability.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the empirical literature in Islamic banking by performing a model that simultaneously accounts for both short- and long-run asymmetries in the relationship between the financial stability of full-fledged IBs, the LR and the size of the Shariah supervisory board.
Pro-environmental messages have more effect when they come from less familiar brands
Authors: Herédia-Colaço Vera
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This research aims to compare consumer responses to pro-environmental communication and appeals to recycle packaging when these messages come from a high-familiarity versus a low-familiarity brand.

Design/methodology/approach

Two online between-subjects experimental studies evaluate consumer perceptions and the willingness to comply with recycling appeals in response to pro-environmental communications from a high-familiarity versus a low-familiarity brand. To test the hypotheses, the studies examine the moderating role of sustainability habits and the mediating role of shared environmental responsibility.

Findings

Findings show that communicating a brand’s adoption of sustainable packaging is more salient to consumers when the appeal comes from a low-familiarity rather than a high-familiarity brand, especially when sustainability habits are weaker. The mediating role of shared environmental responsibility partly explains consumers’ commitment to act pro-environmentally.

Research limitations/implications

Sustainability officials and policymakers should consider the impact of pro-environmental interventions that encourage collective recycling between brands and consumers. Practitioners are encouraged to examine revised waste management schemes such as extended producer responsibility programs to elicit the collaboration of consumers in initiatives that boost recycling and stimulate pro-environmental behaviors.

Originality/value

Using the diagnosticity–accessibility framework and habit theory, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this research is among the first to empirically examine the role of sustainability habits in consumer responses to pro-environmental brand communications. It also highlights consumers’ willingness to comply with brands’ take-back programs in a shared effort to reduce plastic waste and encourage a circular economy.
Learning with smartphones: the acceptance of m-learning in higher education
Authors: Efiloğlu Kurt Özlem
Published: October 2022

Purpose

In parallel with technological developments, mobile devices have become an important part of our daily lives. Nowadays, people, particularly generation Z, actively engage with the Internet and mobile technologies, including smartphones. The new technologies have also made electronic learning (e-learning) and mobile learning (m-learning) tempting for learners in higher education. Despite the growing use of m-learning, particularly in developed countries, its utilization in higher education is still at its early stage and far from its potential. This study investigates the university students' acceptance of using m-learning with smartphones in a developing country context.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative data collected through conducting questionnaires with 405 higher education students in Turkey were analyzed with structural equation modelling.

Findings

The findings show that the acceptance of using m-learning is affected by several factors, including perceived enjoyment, complexity and facilitating conditions. The findings are particularly relevant in the current context, where the COVID-19 pandemic has pushed many higher education institutions to adapt m-learning systems to enhance student learning experiences.

Originality/value

This study's findings offer fresh and important insights that can be used by m-learning developers and educators for designing m-learning systems and using m-learning applications in enhancing students' experience and performance with m-learning.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-10-2021-0516.
Occupational social class differences in the impact of COVID-19 related employment disruptions on retirement planning amongst older workers in England
Authors: Rowson Tatiana , Beck Vanessa , Hyde Martin , Evans Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 related employment disruption on individuals’ retirement planning and whether these experiences differ by occupational social class.

Design/methodology/approach

To explore these issues, this study linked data from those who were employed in wave 9 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) main study with wave 1 of the ELSA COVID-19 study (N = 1,797). Multinominal regression analyses were conducted to explore whether the interaction between employment disruption and occupational social class was associated with planning to retire earlier or later than previously planned.

Findings

The results show that stopping work because of COVID-19 is associated with planning to retire earlier. However, there were no statistically significant interactions between occupational social class and employment disruptions on whether respondents planned to retire earlier or later.

Originality/value

This paper’s original contribution is in showing that the pandemic has had an impact on retirement decisions. Given the known negative effects of both involuntary early labour market exit, the findings suggest that the COVID-19 related employment disruptions are likely to exacerbate social inequalities in health, well-being in later life and, consequently, can help anticipate where there will be need for additional support in later life.
The ghosts of ecosystem engineers: Legacy effects of biogenic modifications
Authors: Albertson Lindsey K. , Sklar Leonard S. , Tumolo Benjamin B. , Cross Wyatt F. , Collins Scott F. , Woods H. Arthur
Published: October 2022

Ecosystem engineers strongly influence the communities in which they live by modifying habitats and altering resource availability. These biogenic changes can persist beyond the presence of the engineer, and such modifications are known as ecosystem engineering legacy effects.

Although many authors recognize ecosystem engineering legacies, and some case studies quantify the effects of legacies, few general frameworks describe their causes and consequences across species or ecosystem types.

Here, we synthesize evidence for ecosystem engineering legacies and describe how consideration of key traits of engineers improves understanding of which engineers are likely to leave persistent biogenic modifications.

Our review demonstrates that engineering legacies are ubiquitous, with substantial effects on individuals, communities and ecosystem processes. Attributes that may promote the persistence of influential legacies relate to an engineer's traits, including its body size, life span and living strategy (individual, conspecific group or collection of multiple co‐occurring species).

Additional lines of inquiry, such as how the recipients respond (e.g. density or richness) or the mechanism of engineering (e.g. burrowing or structure building), should be included in future ecosystem engineering legacy research.

Understanding patterns of these persistent effects of ecosystem engineers and evaluating the consequences of losing them is an important area of research needed for understanding long‐term ecological responses to global change and biodiversity loss.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Seismic data reconstruction using Bregman iterative algorithm based on compressed sensing and discrete orthonormal wavelet transform
Authors: Wang Wangyang , Zhang Huixing , He Bingshou
Published: October 2022

Due to the limitations of the actual acquisition environment in the field, especially in ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) acquisition, the acquired seismic data are often irregular and incomplete, which affects the subsequent data imaging, interpretation and hydrocarbon‐bearing reservoir prediction. The interpolation reconstruction algorithm based on the compressive sensing theory can reconstruct the data without the limitation of Nyquist sampling interval. However, the reconstruction accuracy and effect are different for different sparse representations of the data. On the basis of compressed sensing theory, we propose a Bregman iterative seismic data reconstruction method based on the sparse decomposition of discrete orthonormal Coiflets and Symlets wavelet transforms. First, the discrete orthonormal matrix is constructed by using the above two wavelet functions to make the original seismic data sparse, then the Bregman iterative algorithm is used to reconstruct the sparse coefficients in the discrete wavelet domain, and finally the recovery matrix is used to reconstruct the seismic data. The discrete orthonormal Coiflets and Symlets wavelet transforms have good sparse representation ability and can compensate for the problem that discrete Fourier transform cannot well sparse representation of the data. After numerical experiments on horizontal‐layered model, Marmousi2 model and actual data, it is verified that the proposed method can reconstruct the missing seismic data under the regular observation system and under the irregular observation system with non‐uniform OBS distribution. Furthermore, this method can hardly bring the interference of random noise, and the reconstruction result is of high accuracy.
The Social Mobility Commission, State of the Nation 2022: A Fresh Approach to Social Mobility. A Commentary
Authors: Bukodi Erzsébet , Goldthorpe John H.
Published: October 2022

The Social Mobility Commission's most recent annual report is entitled State of the Nation 2022: A Fresh Approach to Social Mobility. We examine what in the report is new, whether explicitly or implicitly, and how far the newness serves to enhance our understanding of social mobility in Britain today and is of relevance to problems and policy issues that arise. We find that the supposed greater attention to the findings of academic research is selective and, overall, quite limited; that the proposed new focus on ‘small steps upwards’ shifts attention away from what are the most serious and enduring instances of inequality of opportunity in British society; that the emphasis on individual agency as a means of overcoming disadvantaged social origins neglects the role of agency in maintaining inequality in mobility chances; and that the determinedly upbeat tone of the report raises questions of the independence of the Social Mobility Commission, under its present leadership, as a body charged with holding governments to account in their efforts to ensure that ‘the circumstances of birth do not determine outcomes in life’.
Real world population pharmacokinetic study in children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease discovers novel blood and stool microbial predictors of vedolizumab clearance
Authors: Colman Ruben J. , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Fukushima Keizo , Haslam David B. , Hyams Jeffrey S. , Boyle Brendan , Noe Joshua D. , D'Haens Geert R. , Van Limbergen Johan , Chun Kelly , Yang Jane , Denson Lee A. , Ollberding Nicholas J. , Vinks Alexander A. , Minar Phillip
Published: October 2022

Background

Vedolizumab for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often intensified based on distinct pharmacokinetics in children. Prior adult‐specific population pharmacokinetic models have identified limited covariates of drug clearance.

Aims

To establish a population pharmacokinetic model for children and young adults to identify novel covariates of drug clearance to better account for paediatric‐specific inter‐patient variability in vedolizumab pharmacokinetics; a key secondary exploratory aim was to identify microbial signatures of pharmacokinetic outcomes in a subset of patients.

Methods

The study included data from 463 observed vedolizumab concentrations (59 peaks and 404 troughs) from 74 patients with IBD (52 with Crohn's disease and 22 with ulcerative colitis or unclassified IBD, median age 16 years). Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted with non‐linear mixed effects modelling. For the evaluation of the exposure–response relationship, clinical outcomes were evaluated by trough levels, clearance and vedolizumab exposure. Whole‐genome metagenomic sequencing was conducted at baseline and week 2.

Results

A two‐compartment population pharmacokinetic model was identified with a clear correlation between CL and weight, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and hypoalbuminemia. Trough concentrations before infusion 3 (37 μg/ml) and before infusion 4 (20 μg/ml) best predicted steroid‐free clinical remission at infusion 4. Using faecal metagenomics, we identified an early (baseline and week 2) abundance of butyrate‐producing species and pathways that were associated with an infusion 4 trough concentration >20 μg/ml.

Conclusions

This novel paediatric vedolizumab pharmacokinetic model could inform precision dosing. While additional studies are needed, an abundance of faecal butyrate producers is associated with early response to vedolizumab, suggesting that microbial analysis may be beneficial to biological selection.
Predicted scarcity of suitable habitat for alpine plant communities in northern Japan under climate change
Authors: Amagai Yukihiro , Oguma Hiroyuki , Ishihama Fumiko
Published: October 2022

Question

Alpine vegetation is sensitive to climate change, with shifts in species ranges, changes in community composition, and an upward shift in the forest limit over decades. Under climate change, habitats suitable for alpine vegetation will progressively decrease in scale, making their protection and conservation particularly important. In the Taisetsu Mountains of Japan, alpine vegetation has changed remarkably during the last decade. The aim of this study was to estimate the distribution of habitats suitable for alpine and subalpine vegetation types (snowbeds, shrubs, and alpine heathland/fellfield) and competing vegetation types (Sasaspp. and subarctic forest), while considering uncertainties in future predictions and climate scenarios.

Location

Taisetsu Mountains, Daisetsuzan National Park, Hokkaido (northern Japan).

Methods

We estimated the habitat area suitable for each vegetation type from current vegetation maps on the basis of the predictions by three global climate models (GCMs) under two climate change scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) using five habitat suitability models (HSMs) in two periods (2046–2050 and 2096–2100). We also compared the performances of the HSMs.

Results

Mean summer temperature and snow‐cover period had significant effects on the distribution of all vegetation types. The estimated distribution area for suitable habitat did not differ markedly among GCMs and HSMs. Under the RCP2.6 scenario, habitats suitable for snowbeds and alpine heathland/fellfield drastically decreased overall but were preserved in some regions. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, however, subarctic forest almost completely replaced alpine and subalpine vegetation types over time.

Conclusions

Our projections indicate that the severity of future climate change will determine whether or not habitats suitable for alpine vegetation will remain. Monitoring the dynamics of endemic and rare species for the effects of global warming should be the priority for adaptation strategies to enable timely conservation measures.
Semiparametric Estimation of the Transformation Model by Leveraging External Aggregate Data in the Presence of Population Heterogeneity
Authors: Cheng Yu-Jen , Liu Yen-Chun , Tsai Chang-Yu , Huang Chiung-Yu
Published: October 2022

Leveraging information in aggregate data from external sources to improve estimation efficiency and prediction accuracy with smaller scale studies has drawn a great deal of attention in recent years. Yet, conventional methods often either ignore uncertainty in the external information or fail to account for the heterogeneity between internal and external studies. This article proposes an empirical likelihood-based framework to improve the estimation of the semiparametric transformation models by incorporating information about the t-year subgroup survival probability from external sources. The proposed estimation procedure incorporates an additional likelihood component to account for uncertainty in the external information and employs a density ratio model to characterize population heterogeneity. We establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator and show that it is more efficient than the conventional pseudopartial likelihood estimator without combining information. Simulation studies show that the proposed estimator yields little bias and outperforms the conventional approach even in the presence of information uncertainty and heterogeneity. The proposed methodologies are illustrated with an analysis of a pancreatic cancer study.
The myth of regaining control: Ostracism increases superstitious tendencies
Authors: Poon Kai‐Tak , Wong Natalie Hiu‐Lam , Lai Hill‐Son , Jiang Yufei
Published: October 2022

Whether and how interpersonal experiences predispose people to show superstitious tendencies have been largely unexamined by past studies. By adopting a multimethod approach, three studies tested (a) whether ostracism increases superstitious tendencies through thwarted perceived control, (b) whether the dispositional need for closure moderates the effect of ostracism on superstitious tendencies and (c) whether restoring ostracized people's thwarted control weakens their superstitious tendencies. The results revealed that ostracized participants had higher superstitious tendencies than nonostracized participants did (Studies 1–3). Moreover, thwarted control mediated the effect of ostracism on superstitious tendencies (Study 2). In addition, the dispositional need for closure moderated the effect of ostracism on superstitious tendencies, such that the effect was stronger among participants with a high need for closure (Studies 1–2). Finally, restoring ostracized participants' perceived control weakened the effect of ostracism on superstitious tendencies (Study 3). Altogether, these findings feature the essential role of thwarted perceived control in understanding the link between ostracism and superstitious tendencies and the implication of control restoration in weakening the link. They also highlight the importance of dispositional characteristics in moderating people's responses to superstitions following ostracism and related forms of interpersonal maltreatment.
Engulfment and cell motility protein 1 fosters reprogramming of tumor‐associated macrophages in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wen Bo , Li Sheng , Ruan Lei , Yang Yanping , Chen Zilin , Zhang Bin , Yang Xin , Jie Haiqing , Li Shujuan , Zeng Ziwei , Liu Sisi
Published: October 2022

Functional reprogramming of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) is crucial to their potent tumor‐supportive capacity. However, the molecular mechanism behind the reprogramming process remains poorly understood. Here, we identify engulfment and cell motility protein 1 (ELMO1) as a crucial player for TAM reprogramming in colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression of ELMO1 in stromal but not epithelial tumor cells was positively associated with advanced clinical stage and poor disease‐free survival in CRC. An increase in ELMO1 expression was specifically found in TAMs, but not in other multiple nonmalignant stromal cells. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays indicated ELMO1 reprogrammed macrophages to a TAM‐like phenotype through Rac1 activation. In turn, ELMO1‐reprogrammed macrophages were shown to not only facilitate the malignant behaviors of CRC cells but exhibited potent phagocytosis of tumor cells. Taken together, our work underscores the importance of ELMO1 in determining functional reprogramming of TAMs and could provide new insights on potential therapeutic strategies against CRC.
Sialylated IgG in epithelial cancers inhibits antitumor function of T cells via Siglec‐7
Authors: Fan Tianrui , Liao Qinyuan , Zhao Yang , Dai Hui , Song Shiyu , He Tianhui , Wang Zihan , Huang Jing , Zeng Zexian , Guo Hongyan , Zhang Haizeng , Qiu Xiaoyan
Published: October 2022

Although effective, immune checkpoint blockade induces response in only a subset of cancer patients. There is an urgent need to discover new immune checkpoint targets. Recently, it was found that a class of sialic acid–binding immunoglobulin‐like lectins (Siglecs) expressed on the surface of T cells in cancer patients inhibit T cell activation through their intracellular immunosuppressive motifs by recognizing sialic acid–carrying glycans, sialoglycans. However, ligands of Siglecs remain elusive. Here, we report sialylated IgG (SIA‐IgG), a ligand to Siglec‐7, that is highly expressed in epithelial cancer cells. SIA‐IgG binds Siglec‐7 directly and inhibits TCR signals. Blocking of either SIA‐IgG or Siglec‐7 elicited potent antitumor immunity in T cells. Our study suggests that blocking of Siglec‐7/SIA‐IgG offers an opportunity to enhance immune function while simultaneously sensitizing cancer cells to immune attack.
Anticancer potentiating effect and downregulation of PD‐L1 expression: Study on the 2‐[(p‐fluorophenyl)amino]‐6‐substituted‐9H‐purine analogues as novel CHK1 inhibitors
Authors: Chen Xuanzhen , Wang Meng , Wang Xiaowei , Liu Junyi , Zhang Zhili , Tian Chao
Published: October 2022

In this study, a series of 2‐[p‐fluorophenyl]‐6‐substituted‐9H‐purine analogues were designed and synthesized as CHK1 inhibitors, among which compound b22 was the most potent. b22 exhibited nearly no antiproliferative activity toward HT29 cells and displayed a significant antitumor potentiating effect on HT29 cells when treated in combination with gemcitabine (Gem). A time‐dependent assay found that treatment with Gem for 8 h before adding b22 achieved the optimal effect. Furthermore, the immunofluorescence and qPCR results demonstrated that b22 can remarkably reverse the upregulation of PD‐L1 induced by Gem, which suggested dual effects of b22 in antitumor potentiation and antitumor immunity.
Depleted cultural richness of an avian vocal mimic in fragmented habitat
Authors: Backhouse Fiona , Welbergen Justin A. , Magrath Robert D. , Dalziell Anastasia H.
Published: October 2022

Aim

Conservation has recently shifted to include behavioural or cultural diversity, adding substantial value to conservation efforts. Habitat loss and fragmentation can deplete diversity in learnt behaviours such as bird song by reducing the availability of song tutors, yet these impacts are poorly understood. Vocal mimicry may be particularly sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation through the resulting reduction in both heterospecific models and conspecific tutors. Here we examine the relationship between habitat availability and both mimetic repertoire size and song composition in male Albert's lyrebirds (Menura alberti), a near‐threatened species renowned for its remarkable mimetic abilities.

Location

Eastern Australia.

Methods

We calculated repertoire size and composition from recordings of male Albert's lyrebirds from throughout the species' range. We estimated patch size and local habitat availability using a species distribution model and remotely sensed vegetation types. We assessed the local model species assemblage through species distribution models and automated acoustic detectors.

Results

Individual males in smaller habitat patches, or in areas with a lower proportion of suitable habitat, mimicked fewer model species and fewer vocalization types. However, they mimicked comparatively more vocalizations from each model species than individuals in larger patches or with more intact habitats. All model species were likely to occur in most study sites, suggesting that repertoires are not driven by the availability of model species.

Main Conclusions

Our results suggest that mimetic repertoire sizes are influenced by habitat availability through the number of lyrebird tutors. Further, individuals in disturbed habitats may partially compensate for mimicking fewer species by mimicking more vocalizations from each species. This study supports the hypothesis that cultural diversity may be impoverished by habitat loss and fragmentation in a similar way to genetic diversity. Variation in song diversity may therefore indicate population health and highlight populations in particular need of conservation action.
Building resilience now and for the future: Adolescent skills to address global challenges
Authors: D'Angelo Sophia
Published: October 2022

Motivation

Young people's futures are at risk. Global crises such as armed conflict, climate change, mass displacement, and public health emergencies are threatening the education and wellbeing of adolescents all over the world. But young people are also resilient and innovative. It is vital that they have opportunities to develop relevant skills and knowledge, to build resilience, and overcome these challenges now and in the future.

Purpose

This special issue brings together researchers and practitioners in the field of international education. Its purpose is twofold: to illustrate how current global challenges shape the types of skills needed to build resilience; and to offer possible solutions to supporting young people's development of such skills.

Methods and approach

The articles in this special issue draw on both quantitative and qualitative data, including surveys and interviews with students, parents, teachers, school leaders, nonformal education providers, and government officials. Most studies present evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa.

Findings

The findings presented in this special issue address a range of skills, including foundational literacy and numeracy, hard skills in digital literacy, financial literacy, and entrepreneurship, and soft skills, such as critical thinking, confidence, voice and agency.

Policy implications

With the special issue we aim to draw more attention to the need for research and policy that equip youth with relevant skills and that see them not just as subjects of the challenges they encounter, but also as active agents of change. We also highlight the importance of an intersectional lens that addresses not just gender, but also other individual and household characteristics, such as student age, disability status, and poverty to support youth resilience and skills development.
Phytophthora plurivora and Phytophthora pseudocryptogea isolated from soils supporting declining oaks (Quercus robur L.) in İstanbul, Turkey
Authors: Kurbetli İlker , Woodward Stephen , Aydoğdu Mehmet , Sülü Görkem , Özben Süreyya
Published: October 2022

Symptoms of decline were first observed on oak trees (Quercus robur) in Emirgan Grove, İstanbul in August 2015. Symptoms included sparse canopies, crown dieback and bleeding cankers on the trunk, usually just above soil level, suggesting Phytophthora infections. Most affected trees lost foliage. No Phytophthora species were isolated from bleeding lesions, although two were obtained using baiting and selective media from soil samples taken around symptomatic trees. Isolates were identified as P. plurivora and P. pseudocryptogea by a combination of morphological characteristics and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the cytochrome oxidase I (cox1) gene regions. Inoculations on 2‐ to 3‐year‐old Q. robur and Q. suber seedlings demonstrated that both species were pathogenic. Hence, P. plurivora and P. pseudocryptogea may have played roles in the dieback of the oaks, but further work is required to provide definitive conclusions on the cause of the formation of bleeding cankers on oak stems in İstanbul.
Still w(AI)ting for the automation of teaching: An exploration of machine learning in Swedish primary education using Actor‐Network Theory
Authors: Sperling Katarina , Stenliden Linnéa , Nissen Jörgen , Heintz Fredrik
Published: October 2022

Machine learning and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are predicted to play a transformative role in primary education, where these technologies for automation and personalization are now being introduced to classroom instruction. This article explores the rationales and practices by which machine learning and AI are emerging in schools. We report on ethnographic fieldwork in Sweden, where a machine learning teaching aid in mathematics, the AI Engine, was tried out by 22 teachers and more than 250 primary education students. By adopting an Actor‐Network Theory approach, the analysis focuses on the interactions within the network of heterogeneous actors bound by the AI Engine as an obligatory passage point. The findings show how the actions and accounts emerging within the complex ecosystem of human actors compensate for the unexpected and undesirable algorithmic decisions of the AI Engine. We discuss expectations about AI in education, contradictions in how the AI Engine worked and uncertainties about how machine learning algorithms ‘learn’ and predict. These factors contribute to our understanding of the potential of automation and personalisation—a process that requires continued re‐negotiations. The findings are presented in the form of a fictional play in two acts, an ethnodrama. The ethnodrama highlights controversies in the use of AI in education, such as the lack of transparency in algorithmic decision‐making—and how this can play out in real‐life learning contexts. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of AI in primary education.