bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turismo e Sociedade (Eletrônica). Curitiba, volume 8, número 2, Maio-Agosto de 2015.
Authors: Bahl Miguel
Published: April 2016

Dados geriasi (sítio e endereço eletrônicos), Declaração de direito autoral, Política de privacidade, Revisores deste número, Diretrizes para autores, Exemplos para indicação das referências, Itens de verificação para submissão. Opção para compor versão impressa.
Physician awareness of patient cardiac telemetry monitoring
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Tesson Alan , Wachter Adam , Thomas Samantha , Bae Jonathan G.
Published: April 2016

Overuse of cardiac telemetry monitoring in the inpatient setting is widespread, contributes to alarm fatigue, and is costly for health systems. We sought to quantify the rates of provider unawareness of ongoing telemetry use and to quantify the rate of appropriate monitoring compared to American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines using a survey design. Inpatient medical providers were questioned about the presence of telemetry for each of their patients. In the 870 inquiries, 47% of patients were receiving telemetry. Providers’ awareness of whether their patient was receiving telemetry was inaccurate in 26% of assessments. A guideline-appropriate indication for telemetry use was provided in only 58% of assessments. Providers are often unaware of ongoing cardiac telemetry use in their patients, and may continue use despite the lack of a guideline-appropriate indication.
‘The Burden of Diversity’: The Sociolinguistic Problems of English in South Africa
Authors: Ntombela Berrington X. S.
Published: April 2016

At the emergence of democracy in South Africa the government corrected linguistic imbalances by officialising eleven languages. Prior to that only English and Afrikaans were the recognised official languages. The Black population had rejected the imposition of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction. However, such rejection did not mean the adoption of indigenous languages as media of instruction; instead English was supposedly adopted as a unifying language among linguistically diverse Africans. Such implicit adoption of the English language has created a stalemate situation in the development of African languages to the level of English and Afrikaans. Although there is a widespread desire to promote indigenous languages to the level of being media of instruction, the desire is peripheral and does not carry the urgency that characterised the deposition of Afrikaans in the 1976 uprisings. On the other hand this paper argues that the hegemony of English language as a colonial instrument carries ambivalence in the minds of Black South Africans. Through ethnographic thick description of two learners, this hegemony is illustrated by the ‘kind’ of English provided to most Black South African learners who do not have financial resources to access the English offered in former Model C schools. The paper concludes that Black South Africans do not only need urgency in the promotion and development of indigenous languages, but further need to problematize, in addition to the implicit adoption of English language, the quality of the language they have opted. The paper therefore suggests that this is possible through a decolonised mindset.
Improving Law Enforcement Cross Cultural Competencies through Continued Education
Authors: Sereni-Massinger Christine , Wood Nancy
Published: April 2016

Over the last thirty years Community Oriented Policing (COP) has spawned advancements in creating community partnerships with law enforcement agencies. Agencies that focus on such partnerships have served to reduce crime and resolve conflict. However, community opinions towards law enforcement have become increasingly negative due to recent civil disturbances throughout the United States. Multiculturalism is rapidly expanding within our American communities. The lack of cross-cultural leadership has lent to increased societal conflict. Within law enforcement agencies, annual continued education in the effective interaction and communication with citizens from diverse backgrounds is increasingly necessary. Agencies who form partnerships with educational institutions create opportunities for annual education on cross-cultural leadership. Annual continued education for law enforcement in critical thinking creates opportunities for improved professional self-regulation, decision-making, problem solving and proper analysis of various plausible outcomes. Annual continued education geared towards interpersonal skills creates opportunities for increased communication, enhanced community rapport, and improved potential for de-escalation of hostile events.
Using Simulated Parent-Teacher Talks to Assess and Improve Prospective Teachers’ Counseling Competence
Authors: Gerich Mara , Schmitz Bernhard
Published: April 2016

In research on parental involvement and teacher professionalization, counseling parents on the support of their children’s learning processes is considered to be an increasingly important competence area of teachers. However, to date little research has been conducted on the development of appropriate approaches to the assessment of teachers’ counseling competence. The current study describes the validation of a behavior-based instrument for the assessment of teachers’ counseling competence including counseling talk simulations with standardized parents as well as the examination of its suitability as an intervention for the improvement of participants’ counseling competence. The validation was carried out within the framework of a longitudinal quasi-experimental study with 51 prospective teachers. Multivariate repeated measures MANOVAs revealed the suitability of the counseling talk simulations both as an assessment instrument and an intervention. Results provide numerous implications for teacher preparation and continuing education, for example, the use of the counseling talk simulations as a didactical tool within the framework of teacher training programs.
Seed Delivery Systems and Farm Characteristics Influencing the Improved Seed Uptake by Smallholders in Northern Ghana
Authors: Etwire Eunice , Ariyawardana Anoma , Mortlock Miranda Y.
Published: April 2016

The utilisation of improved seeds is reliant on distribution system and farmers’ preferences in using the seed. Primary data were collected from key informant interviews in seed delivery chains and a farmer survey to analyse the northern Ghanaian seed delivery systems and factors influencing the adoption of improved seed by farmers. The seed system in Ghana is made up of three main components; a formal seed system, an informal farmers’ seed system and a quasi-formal seed system. The seed chain starts with breeder seed production by Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (except for imported seed) and ends with the grain farmer as the final consumer. The communication flows between members, strength of relationships and farm characteristics reveled to be affecting the improved seed uptake by smallholders in Northern Ghana. The study highlights the value of strengthening the seed delivery system and improving the availability and accessibility of improved seed varieties.
From Individuals to Organizations: The Puzzle of Organizational Liability in Tort Law
Authors: Heine Klaus , Grabovets Kateryna
Published: April 2016

From Individuals to Organizations: The Puzzle of Organizational Liability in Tort Law

Organizational accidents have two generic sources: individual wrongdoings and organizational failures. Economic analysis of tort law is methodologically based on the “fiction” (Gordon 2013) of a rational individual, from which “simple rules for a complex world” (Epstein 1995) are derived. As a result, organizational wrongdoing boils down to a simple principal-agent problem, neglecting the complexity of organizational reality. We shed more light on organizational factors as a separate trigger of organizational wrongdoing. We take an interdisciplinary perspective on the problem, which challenges traditional economic analysis of tort law with insights drawn from organizational science. Moreover, we demonstrate how tort law and economic analysis can be enriched with these insights.
Taboe in culturele criminologie?
Authors: Siegel Dina , Staring Richard
Published: April 2016

Taboo within cultural criminology?

In this article several perspectives on studying taboos within social sciences are described. Originally, taboo, a concept that was already used within Polynesian societies early 1800, referred to food that was not allowed to eat. Anthropologists analyzed taboos especially in a functionalistic manner, as contributing to the maintenance of existing power balances within societies. These and other studies on taboos all illustrate the fact that taboos are very much a social construction and are very much time and place dependent. In contemporary western societies taboos are associated with ‘open secrets’ and ‘silencing’. Within criminology certain topics are considered taboo as a research object (e.g. explaining crime through ethnic, cultural or religious characteristics), while others claim that there are no criminological research taboos left.
De seksuele tiener en de sociale orde
Authors: Gooren Juul
Published: April 2016

The sexual teenager and the social order

A taboo serves the social order for it facilitates social control. This article will focus on taboos related to sexual contact by youngsters. The way authorities guard sexual taboos is indicative of the way authorities envision the organization of society. It is this organization through the control of youth and sex which will receive attention. In the classic study by Mary Douglas on pollution and taboo dirt is understood as ‘matter out of place’. The sexual teenager is an illustration of this ‘matter out of place’ because it is difficult to categorize sexual teenagers on the basis of asexual children and sexual adults as an organizing principle for society. In criminal law lewd conduct by youngsters refers to wrong sex at the wrong age. By criminalizing these sexual transgressions the proper place of youth and sex is once again restored. This is necessary for it will be argued that the interests of society are somewhat under pressure because of transgressions when it comes to children as asexual and when it comes to sex as something for within a relationship. The perpetrator of lewd conduct should be understood as a scapegoat reestablishing when and how sex should take place. By restoring the asexual child and the sexual relationship it is hoped sex and youngsters can once again offer some guidance in a social order lacking these clear markers.
Satire en politiek incorrecte taal: de premie op taboe-doorbreken
Authors: van Stokkom Bas
Published: April 2016

Satire and political incorrect speech: a premium on breaking taboos

This essay argues that the breaking of taboos is an effective means to increase one’s definition-power and discredit the establishment. But rhetorical warfare and satire may also turn into its opposite: strengthening fanaticism. First, the author discusses the controversy surrounding the cartoons of Charlie Hebdo and the militant pleas for maximum artistic freedom, articulated by Salman Rushdie and others. In the second part of this essay the author argues that advocates of an inviolable right to freedom of expression, including the right to insult, may create their own taboos. Within the tabloid press and the outrage industry this ‘right’ gets more aggressive functions. Finally, some ambiguities about political correctness and the racism-taboo are discussed.
A comparative analysis of the Dutch specific instance procedure
Authors: van ’t Foort Sander , Wilde-Ramsing Joseph
Published: April 2016

A comparative analysis of the Dutch specific instance procedure

This article investigates the functioning of the Dutch National Contact Point (NCP) during the specific instance procedure based on shared experiences of parties involved in a specific instance procedure, the stipulations of the OECD’s Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the Dutch Government Decree 2014. NCPs function as a unique implementation mechanism of these guidelines by providing mediation and conciliation services during specific instance procedures. The recent debate in the Netherlands on the functioning of the Dutch NCP and the lack of rigorous up-to-date research necessitate further research on this topic. Hence, this article shares more in-depth knowledge about the functioning of the Dutch NCP, contributes to the ongoing debate in Parliament and in the OECD on the functioning of NCPs, and presents suggestions for further improvement.
New mediation rules of the International Chamber of Commerce of 2014
Authors: Verbist Herman
Published: April 2016

New mediation rules of the International Chamber of Commerce of 2014

In this article Herman Verbist analyses the new ICC-rules of 1 January 2014. He gives a historical overview of the ICC mediation rules and reflects on the comtemporary rules based on modern mediation practices. Also he gives clear tools for mediation procedures.
De inzet van Eigen Kracht-conferenties bij echtscheiding in België
Authors: Beyers Mirjam , Langenberg Suzan
Published: April 2016

The use of family group conferences in divorce cases in Flanders

In their article Mirjam Beyers and Suzan Langenberg discuss the possibilities of family group conferencing in case of divorce. They start their article with an introduction to the phenomenon of family group conferencing.
National Survey of Geriatricians to Define Functional Decline in Elderly People with Minor Trauma
Authors: Abdulaziz Kasim , Perry Jeffrey J. , Taljaard Monica , Émond Marcel , Lee Jacques S. , Wilding Laura , Sirois Marie-Josée , Brehaut Jamie
Published: April 2016

Background This study was designed to determine a clinically significant point drop in function to define functional decline and the required sensitivity for a clinical decision tool to identify elderly patients at high risk of functional decline following a minor injury. Methods After a rigorous development process, a survey questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 178 geriatricians selected from those registered in a national medical directory. The surveys were distributed using a modified Dillman technique. Results We obtained a satisfactory response rate of 70.5%. Ninety percent of the geriatricians required a sensitivity of 90% or less for a clinical decision tool to identify injured seniors at high risk of functional decline 6 months post injury. Our results indicate that 90% of the respondents considered a drop in function of at least 2 points in activities of daily living (ADL) as clinically significant when considering all 14 ADL items. Considering only the 7 basic ADL items, 90% of physicians considered a 1 point drop as clinically significant. Conclusions A tool with a sensitivity of 90% to detect patients at risk of functional decline at 6 months post minor injury would meet or exceed the sensitivity required by 90% of geriatric specialists. These findings clearly define what is a clinically significant decline following a “minor injury.”
Costs for Controlling Dreissenid Mussels Affecting Drinking Water Infrastructure: Case Studies
Authors: Chakraborti Rajat K. , Madon Sharook , Kaur Jagjit
Published: April 2016

Dreissenid mussels—zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis)—have infested various North American waters used for drinking water, causing clogging of water intakes and pipes and contributing to the formation of disinfection by‐products. The management and control of mussels that have infested various treatment plant components (e.g., intake structure, pipes) is a priority for facility managers. Ten case studies of drinking water facilities contending with ongoing mussel infestations illustrate the capital costs and operations and maintenance (O&M) costs related to mussel control. The O&M‐based unit costs of mussel control varied from $34.32/mil gal for 1‐mgd capacity to $12.63/mil gal for 2,640‐mgd capacity. The capital cost and O&M‐based equivalent annual unit cost for treatment varied from $78.56/mil gal for 1‐mgd capacity to $13.41/mil gal for 2,640‐mgd capacity. Costs for larger water treatment plants (i.e., >10 mgd) varied between $1.00/mil gal and $13.00/mil gal.
Violência entre adolescentes escolares: condições de vulnerabilidades
Authors: Faria Cleberson De Souza , Martins Christine Baccarat de Godoy
Published: April 2016

La adolescencia es un período de transformación en el que el adolescente se expone a condiciones de vulnerabilidad, así como a situaciones de violencia, tanto en la condición de víctima como en la de agresor. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el consumo de alcohol, drogas y conflictos familiares, junto con situaciones de violencia, ya sea en forma sufrida, ejercida, o tanto ejercida como sufrida. Estudio transversal realizado en las escuelas públicas en Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, con estudiantes de secundaria. Los datos procesados por Epi-Info se obtuvieron mediante un cuestionario cerrado. Entre 2.786 encuestados, el 44,4% se encontraba en una situación de violencia, en la que el 16,4% eran solo víctimas, 12,0% solamente agresores y 16,0% experimentaron tanto como víctimas como agresoress, predominando la violencia física y el bullying. En cuanto a las condiciones de vulnerabilidad, el 44,1% de los que experimentaron violencia consumen alcohol y 5.5% drogas. En cuanto al alcohol, consumir bebidas destiladas en fiesta, en casa de los amigos, quedando animados cuando beben, con inicio del consumo de 16 a 17 años, se han destacado en todas las situaciones de violencia. En cuanto a las drogas, el consumo en alguna ocasión, empezar a consumir porque un amigo le ofreció, siendo la marihuana la droga de mayor consumo, principalmente porque les gusta y para deshacerse de los problemas, a partir de 16-17 años, se impuso en todas las situaciones de violencia. Los tíos son los miembros de la familia que más consumen alcohol y / o drogas. El estudio pone de relieve la necesidad de acciones integradas entre escuela, servicios de salud, sociedad y familia, como formas de prevenir este fenómeno.
Qualidade de vida em portadores de lesão medular com úlceras por pressão
Authors: Mota Dalete , Ribeiro Milainy Barbosa
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de úlceras por presión en portadores de traumatismos de la médula espinal y analizar su qcalidad de vida.

Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal realizado en una institución especializada en rehabilitación de personas con grandes incapacidades. Para colecta se aplicaron el WHOQOL-bref  (0 a 100; cuanto mayor la puntuación, mejor calidad de vida) y cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica.

Resultados: De los 118 portadores de traumatismos de la médula espinal ingresados en el periodo de colecta de datos, 58 (49,1%) presentaron úlceras por presión. De estos, 40 respondieron los instrumentos. El análisis del WHOQOL-bref evidenció puntuación muy baja en el Dominio físico (53,04), seguido de los dominios psicológico (60,94) y ambiental (63,52). El único dominio con puntuación satisfactoria fue el social (70,21). De modo general, estas puntuaciones son preocupantes.

Conclusión: Se observó una elevada prevalencia de úlceraspor presión entre personas con traumatismos de la médula espinal. La evaluación de la calidad de vida revela una insatisfacción significativa de los participantes, principalmente respecto a los aspectos físicos.
Évaluation des propriétés de charbons actifs de résidus de Moabi (Baillonella toxisperma Pierre) par adsorption d'iode en solution aqueuse
Authors: Nko’o Abuiboto Morvan Clotaire , Avom Jérôme , Mpon Richard
Published: April 2016

L’adsorption d’une solution aqueuse d’iode a été étudiée, en régime discontinu, sur quatre échantillons de charbons actifs des résidus de Moabi (Baillonella toxisperma Pierre) d’origine camerounaise (C1, C2, C3, C4) et sur trois échantillons de charbons actifs commerciaux (C5, C6, C7). Le calcul de l’indice d’iode et l’analyse des isothermes d’adsorption par utilisation des théories de Langmuir et de Freundlich ont permis de déterminer le type d’adsorption. Il apparaît que la valeur de l’indice d’iode de l’un des échantillons des charbons des résidus de Moabi (C4) est proche des valeurs de celui des échantillons commerciaux. De plus, l’adsorption de l’iode obéit aux isothermes de Langmuir avec des capacités maximales d’adsorption variant entre 9,35 mmol∙g‑1 (C4) et 13,18 mmol∙g‑1 (C7).
Utilisation des procédés électrochimiques et leurs combinaisons avec les procédés biologiques pour le traitement des lixiviats de sites d’enfouissement sanitaires - revue de littérature
Authors: Dia Oumar , Drogui Patrick , Dubé Rino , Buelna Gerardo
Published: April 2016

Les lixiviats des sites d’enfouissement sanitaires contiennent divers types de composés organiques et inorganiques susceptibles de polluer les milieux aquatiques s’ils ne sont pas convenablement traités. Depuis quelques années, on note une utilisation croissante des techniques électrochimiques, avec des résultats satisfaisants, pour le traitement des lixiviats. Parmi les avantages liés à l’utilisation de ces procédés, on peut citer : une faible emprise au sol, un temps de traitement court, une utilisation limitée, voire inexistante, de réactifs chimiques et une facilité d’automatisation. La capacité à traiter les composés organiques bioréfractaires et à augmenter la biodégradabilité de l’effluent constitue un atout majeur lors du traitement de certains types de lixiviats. Dans cette revue de littérature, un accent particulier est porté sur les trois procédés électrochimiques les plus utilisés pour le traitement des lixiviats, à savoir : l’électro-oxydation (EO), l’électro-Fenton (EF) et l’électrocoagulation (EC). Pour chacun des procédés, les différents paramètres opératoires qui influencent l’efficacité du traitement sont élucidés. D’une façon globale, les procédés électrochimiques sont influencés entre autres par l’intensité du courant appliqué, le type d’électrode utilisé, la distance interélectrodes, le temps de traitement, le pH et la conductivité du milieu. Le couplage des procédés électrochimiques et biologiques pour le traitement des lixiviats a été investigué. L’intégration de ces deux procédés permet d’augmenter les performances épuratoires tout en réduisant les coûts et les temps de traitement. Toutefois, des études approfondies sont nécessaires afin d’optimiser ces couplages et d’éclaircir l’influence du traitement biologique sur le traitement électrochimique et vice-versa.
La chambre verte de François Truffaut, remake secret du Paradis perdu d’Abel Gance. Du culte des morts à celui du cinéma
Authors: Martin Marie , Véray Laurent
Published: April 2016

Cet article vise à démontrer, à travers l’analyse croisée des deux films et de divers documents d’archives, que, davantage qu’une adaptation littéraire affichée de différents thèmes de Henry James, La chambre verte (François Truffaut, 1978) est avant tout le remake secret de Paradis perdu (Abel Gance, 1940). L’aveuglement des critiques à l’époque de la sortie du film de Truffaut invite à réfléchir à la question du secret qui, dans le sillage de la fameuse figure dans le tapis jamesienne, se fonde sur une dénégation truffaldienne et sert de pierre de touche à une ferveur cinéphile conçue sur le modèle du culte des morts mis en scène par les deux films. Ces convergences permettent de théoriser la part de la projection, au double sens de dispositif cinématographique et de processus psychique, dans l’élaboration du remake secret.
Remake secret et univers multiples
Authors: Cerisuelo Marc
Published: April 2016

Deux ouvrages récents, l’un de Pierre Bayard (Il existe d’autres mondes, 2013) et l’autre d’Alain Boillat (Cinéma, machine à mondes, 2014), ont contribué à une meilleure connaissance de la problématique de la pluralité des univers en littérature et au cinéma. Cet article présente les thèses de ces deux auteurs en les reliant aux « fictions de l’amour perdu dans le temps » et développe l’articulation d’un passage consacré à Je t’aime je t’aime (Alain Resnais, 1968) et à Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (Du soleil plein la tête, Michel Gondry, 2004) dans le livre d’Alain Boillat avec la question du remake et, plus largement, avec celle de l’histoire du cinéma comme champ de réécritures multiples, sous l’espèce de la négociation générique, mais aussi de la généalogie secrète entre les répliques d’un même ébranlement fondateur : ici, celui de Vertigo (Sueurs froides, Alfred Hitchcock, 1958).
Incohérence et transgression dans Sucker Punch : une esthétique du secret. Lecture phénoménologique d’un (dé)voilement du sens
Authors: Dubois Matthieu
Published: April 2016

Cet article prend le parti de lire Sucker Punch (Coup interdit, 2011), de Zack Snyder, à contre-courant des critiques qui n’y ont vu qu’un film miné par des incohérences et un scénario sans profondeur. À partir de l’analyse d’un délire diégétique, l’auteur met en lumière des indices qui l’amènent à élaborer une interprétation à rebours du récit, sur le modèle de l’analyse qu’effectue Pierre Bayard (1998) du Meurtre de Roger Ackroyd d’Agatha Christie. Avec l’aide de la phénoménologie de Michel Henry est mise au jour une réflexion sur le caractère nécessairement subjectif, trompeur, de la narration filmique, qui invite à concevoir un twist structurant le récit : soit à considérer l’existence de l’héroïne (Babydoll) comme illusoire au profit d’un personnage secondaire (Sweet Pea), selon un procédé de dédoublement de la personnalité visant à mettre à distance un vécu traumatique. Cela fait de Sucker Punch une oeuvre qui interroge en profondeur les potentialités de l’imaginaire et propose, en creux, une réflexion sur les enjeux du septième art, en cette ère de développement sans précédent des effets numériques.
Desafios da catequese hoje: releitura do ato catequético a partir da pós-modernidade
Authors: Do Carmo Solange Maria
Published: April 2016

Já virou lugar comum dizer que a fé cristã é encarnada e não pode se abster de assumir os desafios de seu tempo. Mas quais desafios a catequese − cuja tarefa é transmitir a fé cristã, ou seja, proporcionar a experiência cristã de Deus − deve enfrentar hoje, neste mundo plural, multirreferencial e secularizado? O rol é imenso. Dentre tantos enumerados na literatura, este artigo trabalha, a partir do catequeta francês Denis Villepelet, quatro desafios que entendemos como mais urgentes: o desafio da interioridade, o desafio querigmático, o desafio pedagógico e o desafio da comunidade. A partir da compreensão dos mesmos, percebe-se a urgência de uma releitura do ato catequético, isto é, a necessidade de um novo paradigma catequético que responda às necessidades do tempo presente.
valor e a inviolabilidade da vida humana na perspectiva da Evangelium Vitae e da obra O princípio responsabilidade
Authors: Sganzerla Anor , Souza Waldir
Published: April 2016

Vivemos na atualidade um “privilegiado” momento de liberdade individual e ao mesmo tempo de acelerado desenvolvimento tecnocientífico capaz de realizações inimagináveis até pouco tempo em relação à vida humana e a biosfera. Antigos sonhos e desejos humanos são realizados e justificados em nome do direito à liberdade do indivíduo preconizado pelas sociedades democráticas. Essas possibilidades promovidas pelas utopias da civilização tecnocientífica, no entanto, chocam-se com a continuidade e a garantia do valor e da inviolabilidade da vida humana, na medida em que são colocadas acima de qualquer base moral, e em sintonia com os ideais modernos de que se trata de um conflito de direitos e não de um conflito de valores, e com isso tendem a perder o caráter de “crime” para assumir, o caráter de “direitos”. Sem autonomia para avaliar todo o processo, na medida em que o homo faber foi dominado pelo homo sapiens, o ideal prometeico e baconiano do usotécnica, tem se apresentado como a única proposta redentora e salvífica, anulando desse modo, a dimensão do mistério, da esperança e da contingência presente na vida. E para essa ameaça à dignidade da vida humana e da natureza em sua totalidade, na medida em que se privilegia uma postura pró-morte, promovida pelas correntes culturais, econômicas e políticas, portadoras de uma concepção eficientista da sociedade, e não de uma postura pró-vidaque as obras O princípio responsabilidade e a Encíclica Evangelium Vitae buscam dar uma resposta.
A novel role for the root cap in phosphate uptake and homeostasis
Authors: Kanno Satomi , Arrighi Jean-François , Chiarenza Serge , Bayle Vincent , Berthomé Richard , Péret Benjamin , Javot Hélène , Delannoy Etienne , Marin Elena , Nakanishi Tomoko M , Thibaud Marie-Christine , Nussaume Laurent
Published: April 2016

The root cap has a fundamental role in sensing environmental cues as well as regulating root growth via altered meristem activity. Despite this well-established role in the control of developmental processes in roots, the root cap’s function in nutrition remains obscure. Here, we uncover its role in phosphate nutrition by targeted cellular inactivation or phosphate transport complementation in Arabidopsis, using a transactivation strategy with an innovative high-resolution real-time 33P imaging technique. Remarkably, the diminutive size of the root cap cells at the root-to-soil exchange surface accounts for a significant amount of the total seedling phosphate uptake (approximately 20%). This level of Pi absorption is sufficient for shoot biomass production (up to a 180% gain in soil), as well as repression of Pi starvation-induced genes. These results extend our understanding of this important tissue from its previously described roles in environmental perception to novel functions in mineral nutrition and homeostasis control.
Efficiency enhancement using a Zn1−
xGex-O thin film as an n-type window layer in Cu2O-based heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Minami Tadatsugu , Nishi Yuki , Miyata Toshihiro
Published: April 2016

Efficiency enhancement was achieved in Cu2O-based heterojunction solar cells fabricated with a zinc–germanium-oxide (Zn1−

x
Ge
x
-O) thin film as the n-type window layer and a p-type Na-doped Cu2O (Cu2O:Na) sheet prepared by thermally oxidizing Cu sheets. The Ge content (x) dependence of the obtained photovoltaic properties of the heterojunction solar cells is mainly explained by the conduction band discontinuity that results from the electron affinity difference between Zn1−

x
Ge
x
-O and Cu2O:Na. The optimal value of x in Zn1−

x
Ge
x
-O thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition was observed to be 0.62. An efficiency of 8.1% was obtained in a MgF2/Al-doped ZnO/Zn0.38Ge0.62-O/Cu2O:Na heterojunction solar cell.
Radiation enhanced basal plane dislocation glide in GaN
Authors: Yakimov Eugene B. , Vergeles Pavel S. , Polyakov Alexander Y. , Lee In-Hwan , Pearton Stephen J.
Published: April 2016

A movement of basal plane segments of dislocations in GaN films grown by epitaxial lateral overgrowth under low energy electron beam irradiation (LEEBI) was studied by the electron beam induced current (EBIC) method. Only a small fraction of the basal plane dislocation segments were susceptible to irradiation and the movement was limited to relatively short distances. The effect is explained by the radiation enhanced dislocation glide (REDG) in the structure with strong pinning. A dislocation velocity under LEEBI with a beam current lower than 1 nA was estimated as about 10 nm/s. The results assuming the REDG for prismatic plane dislocations were presented.
Pine polyphenols fromPinus koraiensisprevent injuries induced by gamma radiation in mice
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Zhenyu , Xu Yier , Sun Guicai
Published: April 2016

Pine polyphenols (PPs) are bioactive dietary constituents that enhance health and help prevent diseases through antioxidants. Antioxidants reduce the level of oxidative damages caused by ionizing radiation (IR). The main purpose of this paper is to study the protective effect of PPs on peripheral blood, liver and spleen injuries in mice induced by IR. ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) male mice were administered orally with PPs (200 mg/kg b.wt.) once daily for 14 consecutive days prior to 7 Gyγ-radiations. PPs showed strong antioxidant activities. PPs significantly increased white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets counts. PPs also significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidases, and the level of glutathione. PPs reduced the spleen morphologic injury. In addition, PPs inhibited mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways in splenocytes induced by IR. These results indicate that PPs are radioprotective promising reagents.
Architecture of the sperm whale forehead facilitates ramming combat
Authors: Panagiotopoulou Olga , Spyridis Panagiotis , Mehari Abraha Hyab , Carrier David R. , Pataky Todd C.
Published: April 2016

Herman Melville’s novelMoby Dickwas inspired by historical instances in which large sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus L.) sank 19th century whaling ships by ramming them with their foreheads. The immense forehead of sperm whales is possibly the largest, and one of the strangest, anatomical structures in the animal kingdom. It contains two large oil-filled compartments, known as the “spermaceti organ” and “junk,” that constitute up to one-quarter of body mass and extend one-third of the total length of the whale. Recognized as playing an important role in echolocation, previous studies have also attributed the complex structural configuration of the spermaceti organ and junk to acoustic sexual selection, acoustic prey debilitation, buoyancy control, and aggressive ramming. Of these additional suggested functions, ramming remains the most controversial, and the potential mechanical roles of the structural components of the spermaceti organ and junk in ramming remain untested. Here we explore the aggressive ramming hypothesis using a novel combination of structural engineering principles and probabilistic simulation to determine if the unique structure of the junk significantly reduces stress in the skull during quasi-static impact. Our analyses indicate that the connective tissue partitions in the junk reduce von Mises stresses across the skull and that the load-redistribution functionality of the former is insensitive to moderate variation in tissue material parameters, the thickness of the partitions, and variations in the location and angle of the applied load. Absence of the connective tissue partitions increases skull stresses, particularly in the rostral aspect of the upper jaw, further hinting of the important role the architecture of the junk may play in ramming events. Our study also found that impact loads on the spermaceti organ generate lower skull stresses than an impact on the junk. Nevertheless, whilst an impact on the spermaceti organ would reduce skull stresses, it would also cause high compressive stresses on the anterior aspect of the organ and the connective tissue case, possibly making these structures more prone to failure. This outcome, coupled with the facts that the spermaceti organ houses sensitive and essential sonar producing structures and the rostral portion of junk, rather than the spermaceti organ, is frequently a site of significant scarring in mature males suggest that whales avoid impact with the spermaceti organ. Although the unique structure of the junk certainly serves multiple functions, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the structure also evolved to function as a massive battering ram during male-male competition.
How Businesses Use Planned Early Dispute Resolution
Authors: Lande John , Benner Peter W.
Published: April 2016

This is the first part of a two‐part article summarizing the results of a study about why and how some businesses use “planned early dispute resolution” systems.
The Body Comes to Family Therapy: Utilising Research to Formulate Treatment Interventions with Somatising Children and their Families
Authors: Kozlowska Kasia
Published: April 2016

Children and adolescents with functional somatic symptoms are challenging to understand and to treat. The challenges begin at the very outset of the intervention – with the neurological and psychiatric assessments. Patients presenting with functional somatic symptoms, as well as their families, frequently deny any emotional or family problem, and parents are often genuinely baffled as to why a child has suddenly become so ill and why no medical explanation is forthcoming. Families can be unwilling to engage in family assessment and therapy, and therapists may find that standard approaches to family therapy simply can end up alienating these families – the door to therapy is slammed shut. This article is the story of my struggle to understand somatising children and their families and to find a common language to enable us to co‐construct formulations, to agree to a treatment plan, and to work together towards a pathway to health. It is also about the role of research and how knowledge from different system levels – and most specifically about the body – may need to be integrated into the therapy to help bring about change.
Collaboration: Suggested Understandings
Authors: Sundet Rolf , Kim Hesook Suzie , Ness Ottar , Borg Marit , Karlsson Bengt , Biong Stian
Published: April 2016

In this article, we suggest that collaboration can be specified as a set of processes built around turntaking as the key process, with the processes of negotiation for common goals and putting differences to work as the two‐dimensional focus in collaborative practice. Turntaking connects therapeutic work to establishing relationships instead of focusing on motivational states. Common goals connect collaborative practice to the therapeutic alliance. Putting difference at the centre places collaborative practice within a dialogical perspective. We specify dialogue as the overarching perspective in this article, differentiating two different types of conversation within the concept: dialogical and dialectical as the processes of change. The dialectical leads to an agreement of goals and perspectives, while the dialogical is oriented to accepting differences in goals and perspectives. These are connected to two different paths to change within the present moment. The first describes a process of moving along in present moments that turn into now‐moments and are resolved in a moment of meeting. This could be seen as a description of dialectical conversations at a micro level. The second path to change occurs during quieter moments of therapeutic processes when participants are engaged in an intersubjective quest to negotiate the best fit between one's own intentions and those of the other. The therapist's skills to realise this include the use of service user feedback and following the lead of the family.
Pore structure and fractal analysis for char of sludge blended with calcium magnesium acetate during pyrolysis process
Authors: Zhang Lihui , Huang Yaji , Duan Feng
Published: April 2016

The changes in pore structure characteristics of sewage sludge blended with calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) during pyrolysis process were investigated. Sludge and its blended fuel with CMA were characterized by N2 isothermal absorption method, and the data were used to analyze the fractal properties of the obtained samples. Results show that pyrolysis temperature has notable impact on the pore structure and morphology of both samples. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area (SBET) of both samples increases greatly as the temperature increases from 400 to 600 °C, and these values decrease little at higher temperature. Average pore diameter of both samples shows the inverse trends with those of BET specific surface area. Pore structure and surface morphology are both developed at lower temperature range leading to the increase of fractal dimensions (D1 and D2), indicating an increase in the surface and space roughness of samples. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Irrigation Canal Network Flow Analysis by a Hydraulic Model
Authors: Kim Hae‐Do , Kim Jin‐Taek , Nam Won‐Ho , Kim Sun‐Joo , Choi Jin‐Yong , Koh Bo‐Sung
Published: April 2016

For agricultural water management to be successfully achieved, flow analysis of irrigation canal network flows is essential to determine the proper distribution of crop water requirements and to contribute to an optimized irrigation operation and water allocation. This study developed a hydraulic analysis model for irrigation canal flow by using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) module by adding the network modelling and paddy water balance model. This model was applied to a rice paddy field rehabilitation project area in the Daesan District located in the western part of South Korea. Results obtained from the calibrated simulation model were compared with the actual measurement data from water‐level gauges at the irrigation canals. The irrigation hydraulic analysis model for canal network flow indicates the significance of using irrigation management tools in improving the analysis for accurate irrigation scheduling based on its simulation results, such as flow travel time, water level and flow amount. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualizing Particle Movement In Flat Drip Irrigation Emitters With Digital Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Liu Haisheng , Sun Haosu , Li Yunkai , Feng Ji , Song Peng , Zhang Mindi
Published: April 2016

A computer numerical control (CNC) engraving technology on a full‐scale transparent model of a flat emitter is presented, combined with digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) and planar laser‐induced fluorescence (PLIF), to observe the movement characteristics of particles with different diameters in the prototype and transparent model of embedded flat emitters. The results show that the velocity, vorticity, the overall distribution of streamlines as well as the velocity distribution in the mainstream region of particles with diameters of 10, 50 and 100 µm in the structural units of the model and the prototype emitters, were obviously consistent. The differences among the particles’ maximum velocities reduced with increasing pressure. Both the particles with diameters of 50 and 100 µm in the model and the prototype emitters had a good following behaviour, but it showed the fine particles better than the coarse particles, and the particles of the near wall of flow path were shown better than in the central region. The particle deposition near the wall caused by the frequent starting of the irrigation system was one of the main reasons for formation of clogging substances in the emitters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the relationship between intragroup conflict and social capital in teams: A longitudinal investigation in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Man‐Ling
Published: April 2016

In response to the prevalent deployment of teams in organizations, there is a need to jointly consider conflict and social capital within the teams to offer novel ways to understand group process. This study proposes that the association between intragroup conflict and group social capital may be dynamic and reciprocal. Specifically, this study investigates longitudinally how intragroup conflict influences group social capital within cross‐functional teams and recognizes whether the teams with high group social capital can further produce intragroup conflict. The two‐year longitudinal study sampled 527 individuals in 90 teams across two time periods. This study finds that when teams are formed (Time 1), task conflict relates positively to structural social capital, and relationship conflict relates negatively to cognitive social capital. There is an inverted U‐type relationship between task conflict at Time 1 and social capital at Time 2. Established teams (Time 2) with higher levels of social capital experience higher levels of task conflict and lower levels of relationship conflict than teams with lower levels of social capital. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Context and Implications Document for: Origins, methods and advances in qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Nye Elizabeth , Melendez‐Torres G. J. , Bonell Chris
Published: April 2016

This guide accompanies the following article: Elizabeth Nye, G. J. Melendez‐Torres and Chris Bonell, Origins, methods and advances in qualitative meta‐synthesis, Review of Education, DOI:10.1002/rev3.3065
Context and Implications Document for: Meta‐synthesis and comparative meta‐analysis of education research findings: some risks and benefits
Authors: Higgins Steve
Published: April 2016

This guide accompanies the following article: Steve Higgins, Meta‐synthesis and comparative meta‐analysis of education research findings: some risks and benefits, Review of Education, DOI:10.1002/rev3.3067
Escaping the digital black hole: e-ephemera at two Auckland art libraries
Authors: Hammond Catherine
Published: April 2016

The collections of e-ephemera of two Auckland art libraries are discussed here: the E H McCormick Research Library at Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki, a specialist art library within one of New Zealand's major public art galleries, and the Fine Arts Library Te Herenga Toi at the University of Auckland which supports the research and teaching needs of the Elam School of Fine Arts and the Department of Art History. While there are differences in approach both institutions see the value in preserving print and e-ephemera and are looking to make this material more accessible to users, despite numerous challenges.
Misguided and Misdiagnosed: The Failure of Decentralization Reforms in the DR Congo
Authors: Englebert Pierre , Mungongo Emmanuel Kasongo
Published: April 2016

The DR Congo embarked upon decentralization reforms in 2006 to improve governance and accountability, undermine predation, corruption, and personal rule, bring government closer to the people, and promote local development. As of 2014, despite some regional variations, Congolese decentralization had instead increased the degree to which the state extracts the resources and incomes of its citizens. It had also fostered provincial centralization at the expense of local governments, produced largely unaccountable provinces governing with little transparency, and unleashed self-serving provincial elites. After providing original empirical evidence for these claims, this article suggests that decentralization was thwarted by the failure of formal reforms to affect informal ruling institutions and by an erroneous diagnosis of Congo’s governance failures that singled out the abuse of elites without identifying the generalized nature of the instrumentalization of sovereignty by officeholders at all levels of the state. The article concludes by using Congo’s experience to illustrate important flaws in decentralization reforms in Africa.
“Whether They Promised Each Other Some Thing Is Difficult to Work Out”: The Complicated History of Marriage in Uganda
Authors: Stephens Rhiannon
Published: April 2016

Marriage cases discussed by Catholic missionaries in Uganda at the turn of the twentieth century showcase considerable diversity in relationships between women and men. While these cases reflect the turbulence of the late nineteenth century, the history of marriage and divorce in the region since around 700 CE demonstrates that diversity in marital arrangements was a long-standing phenomenon. This article sets out the history of aspects of marriage and divorce in Buganda, Bugwere, Busoga, and Bushana, and their ancestral communities to show how women and men conceptualized their domestic relationships and adapted them as they dealt with political and social change.