bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative Entropy and Mutual Information in Gaussian Statistical Field Theory
Authors: Schröfl Markus , Floerchinger Stefan
Published: December 2024

Relative entropy is a powerful measure of the dissimilarity between two statistical field theories in the continuum. In this work, we study the relative entropy between Gaussian scalar field theories in a finite volume with different masses and boundary conditions. We show that the relative entropy depends crucially on d, the dimension of Euclidean space. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the mutual information between two disjoint regions in $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

is finite if the two regions are separated by a finite distance and satisfies an area law. We then construct an example of “touching” regions between which the mutual information is infinite. We argue that the properties of mutual information in scalar field theories can be explained by the Markov property of these theories.
Commutative Control Data for Smoothly Locally Trivial Stratified Spaces
Authors: Zimhony Yoav
Published: December 2024

For a compact Lie group G and a Hamiltonian G-space M with momentum map $$\mu :M\rightarrow \mathfrak {g}^*$$

μ
:
M
→

g

∗

, we prove that the zero level set $$\mu ^{-1}(0)$$

μ

-
1

(
0
)

and the critical set $$\text {Crit}||{\mu }||^2$$

Crit
|
|
μ
|
|

2

of the norm squared momentum map are neighbourhood smooth weak deformation retracts. This confirms a conjecture by Harada and Karshon, and implies that their localization theorem for Duistermaat-Heckmann distributions applies to these subsets. We construct these smooth weak deformation retractions in three steps. First, we prove that the stratifications of these subsets by orbit types satisfy a local condition stronger than Whitney (B) regularity — smooth local triviality with conical fibers. Then, using this local condition we construct control data in the sense of Mather with additional compatibility properties - tangentiality and commutativity. Finally we use this control data to obtain neighbourhood smooth weak deformation retractions.
Study of cutting force predictability, signal complexity of different end milling CWE stages with different modelling methods
Authors: Xie Hui , Li Guangxian , Longstaff Andrew P. , Fletcher Simon , Ding Songlin , Pan Wencheng
Published: December 2024

Cutting force analysis in milling processes is essential for precision metal cutting as it contributes to understanding tool wear, optimising machining performance, and ensuring overall process stability. Numerous research papers have been published to describe modelling techniques that provide high-fidelity predictions, with recent developments highlighting the benefits of combining different methods. However, these approaches are relatively limited in their ability to predict over the wide frequency range needed to describe the tooth passing frequency (TPF) and its harmonics under varying working conditions or stages of cutter-workpiece engagement (CWE). This paper studies the prediction performance of different modelling techniques when considering wide-band noise under varying working conditions. The methods evaluated are the explicitly defined but difficult-to-parameterise Finite Element Method (FEM), Semi-Analytical Solutions (SAS), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, which are black-box deep learning methods incorporating time-based information. Since white-box models are still more readily adopted by industry, the paper also introduces a new post-processing model to improve the prediction accuracy of FEM and SAS based upon the Fourier Series of the TPF (FS-TPF). Over the observable range of 0 to 1500 Hz, the cutting force predictability was assessed in both the time and frequency domains using similarity of frequency distribution, Shannon entropy, and Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence. Verification and analysis indicate that the cutting force predictability with FEM at “partial engagement” was the lowest, due to its lack of ability to describe TPF harmonics. In contrast, the LSTM model showed the best prediction performance across all tested working conditions. The new FS-TPF significantly increased FEM’s prediction accuracy by approximately 50% and improved SAS’s performance by 20%. Finally, a Deep Neural Network (DNN) is compared to the LSTM, suggesting that both methods are suitable for force prediction without encountering significant accuracy issues across the different stages of CWE. It was found that the key to increasing cutting force predictability to be generally applicable to all milling conditions is the capability to describe TPF harmonics across the different CWE stages in milling processes. The FS-TPF compensation can dramatically enhance the cutting force prediction accuracy of FEM and SAS, while the applied DL-LSTM and DNN models have successfully demonstrated their wide adaptability without requiring additional post-processing.
Microenvironments of black-tip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) provide niche habitats for distinct bacterial communities
Authors: Pogoreutz Claudia , Gore Mauvis , Perna Gabriela , Ormond Rupert , Clarke Christopher R. , Voolstra Christian R.
Published: December 2024

Animal holobionts constitute diverse yet interconnected landscapes of microenvironments that harbor specific bacterial communities with distinct functions. An increasing body of literature suggests a partitioning and distinct functional profiles of bacterial communities across shark microenvironments, which has led to the proposition that beneficial bacterial functions may contribute to shark health. Here, we provide a first assessment of bacterial communities in different microenvironments of black-tip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus), the most abundant reef shark species across the Indo-West Pacific. Collecting samples from 34 sharks from the Amirante Islands, Seychelles, we characterized the corresponding bacterial communities of two external skin locations, within the buccal cavity, and of the cloaca (representing the gut microbiome) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Overall, shark-associated bacterial communities were distinct from seawater, and skin, buccal, and cloaca samples were distinct from each other. Shark cloaca samples and seawater exhibited lower bacterial alpha diversity and richness compared to the other microenvironments. Predicted functional profiles and Linear Discriminant Effect Size analysis suggest potential differences in metabolic pathways present in the different shark-associated bacterial communities and in the seawater. Taxonomy-based functional inference suggests cloaca-associated bacterial communities specialize in the consumption and breakdown of various food items. Taken together, our data suggest distinct bacterial niche habitats within the ‘microbial landscape’ of black-tip reef sharks, as indicated by distinct bacterial communities and their predicted metabolic functions. Future (meta)genomic and functional work will help reveal potential roles of bacteria in the health of their shark hosts.
Effectiveness of intra-oral botulinum toxin injection in comparison to the extra-oral approach on pain and quality of life in patients with myofascial pain: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shabaan Alshaimaa Ahmed , Kassem Islam , Aboulmagd Inass , Amer Islam A. , Shaaban Ahmed , Abd-El-Ghafour” Mohamed “ , Refahee Shaimaa Mohsen
Published: December 2024

Objective

To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the ultrasound-guided intra-oral and extra-oral transcutaneous injection techniques on the clinical outcome variables in patients with myofascial trigger points within the masseter muscle.

Materials and methods

This prospective randomized trial included 42 patients diagnosed with myofascial pain. Patients were randomly allocated into one of two groups based on the technique of trigger point injection: intraoral and extraoral injection technique groups. Each trigger point was injected with 0.1 ml of botulinum-A toxin guided by ultrasound. Pain intensity, mouth opening, and patient quality of life were monitored six months post-injection.

Results

The pain scores were significantly higher in the extraoral group during all follow-up assessments, whereas the MMO was considerably greater in the intraoral group up to three months of follow-up (p < 0.008). However, the difference in MMO ceased to be statistically non-significant after six months of follow-up (p = 0.927). Additionally, the patient’s quality of life score was significantly higher in the intraoral group compared to the extraoral group (p < 0.001) at both the three- and six-month follow-ups.

Conclusion

The intraoral injection technique might be an effective treatment modality for myofascial trigger points in the masseter muscle. It produces pain relief, increases mouth opening, and enhances the overall quality of life compared to the extraoral injection technique.

Clinical significance

The intraoral injection technique for myofascial trigger points is more effective than the extraoral technique; it reduces the need for additional injections, saves money, and enhances patients’ quality of life.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05673655).
Investigating eye lens composition for stable isotope analysis in fishes: a comparison between Chondrichthyes and Actinopterygii
Authors: Kuntz Jonathon P. , Bell-Tilcock Miranda , Vecchio Julie L. , Wallace Amy A. , Sturrock Anna M. , Perry Sean M. , Kim Sora L.
Published: December 2024

Life history ecology provides a framework for understanding the complex interactions between organisms and their environments but is challenging to resolve for long-lived and migratory species. In fishes, the combination of movement and foraging ecology is predominantly explored with stable isotope analysis (SIA) of accretionary tissues, such as otoliths. An alternative archival tissue validated for SIA in Actinopterygii (i.e., ray-finned fishes) is the proteinaceous eye lens and its growth layers (laminae). Here, we aim to expand the SIA of laminae to include Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes; sharks, skates, rays, sawfish, and chimeras). We observe that urea in the eye lens drives patterns of elemental composition (i.e., C:N ratio) for Chondrichthyes, but the isotopic effect of urea is negligible. Actinopterygian fishes exhibit consistent C:N ratios across eye lenses, while chondrichthyan eye lens laminae C:N ratios decrease from the inner post-apoptotic laminae to outer pre-apoptotic laminae. After confirming the presence of urea in the Leopard Shark (Triakis semifasciata) eye lens laminae with attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and urea assays, we successfully removed urea from eye lens laminae via three deionized water rinses. Subsequently, the C:N ratios of post-urea extracted Leopard Shark eye lens laminae exhibited similar patterns to actinopterygian fishes. Urea removal from Leopard Shark eye lens laminae increased in δ15N values as expected, but the isotopic effect was within analytical error. Our results indicate the utility of chondrichthyan eye lens laminae as chronological tissues for SIA. However, there are isotopic effects dependent on urea concentrations. This study demonstrates the need for inter-taxa comparison when establishing novel methodologies in SIA.
Exploring the Interpersonal Goals of Autistic and Neurotypical Adolescents Who Bully Others
Authors: Fink Elian , Friedman Samantha , Olthof Tjeert , van der Meijden Sandra , Goossens Frits , Begeer Sander
Published: December 2024

The current study examined the association between interpersonal social goals (i.e., agentic and communal goals) and bullying behaviour for autistic adolescents (n = 108, Mage = 15.25 years, SD = 1.65) and neurotypical adolescents (n = 592, Mage = 13 years, SD = 0.5). Bullying behaviour was assessed using both self- and peer-reported measures. Agentic and communal social goals were assessed using the child version of the Interpersonal Goal Index. Measurement properties of the Interpersonal Goal Index were first examined, and some features were found to differ across autistic and neurotypical adolescents. Bullying behaviour was associated with agentic goals for neurotypical adolescents whereas communal goals were associated with bullying for autistic adolescents, suggesting a mismatch between social goals and social behaviours for this group. This insight suggests that the dynamics of bullying behaviour differ between neurotypical and autistic adolescents, and highlight the need for the development of autistic-led assessment and support for bullying.
Systematic Integrative Review: Sex Education for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Estruch-García Verónica , Gil-Llario María Dolores , Ruiz-Palomino Estefanía , Fernández-García Olga , Morell-Mengual Vicente , Anastácio Zélia Ferreira Caçador
Published: December 2024

Purpose

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) require comprehensive sexuality and relationship education (SRE) for healthy sexual development, which refers to the lifelong process of acquiring knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors around sexual health that foster well-being and personal fulfillment. In this emerging research field, our aim is to consolidate scientific literature findings and gain a clear understanding of existing gaps. We plan to achieve this by conducting a systematic integrative review, analyzing the development and design process of interventions for individuals with ASD or Developmental Disorder up to February 2023. Furthermore, we place significant emphasis on evaluating the effectiveness of programs for both participants and their families. This comprehensive approach allows us to analyze the overall impact of interventions and provide a more complete understanding of their effectiveness in practical contexts. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on seven databases: ProQuest Dissertation, Scopus, Web of Science, Dialnet, ERIC, PsycInfo, and Pubmed. 20 articles met the inclusion criteria (1 randomized controlled trial, 7 mixed methods, and 12 non-randomized). The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), version 2018. Results: The low quality of the studies does not allow us to confirm that the programs are effective in increasing the level of knowledge, although most of the studies reflect positive results that suggest that the participants have benefited from the training received. Conclusions: This review has allowed us to discover the existing deficiencies in this field, as well as to detect how they could be improved.
Ladies project: large database in endometrial cancers for a personalized treatment
Authors: Autorino Rosa , Rinaldi Raffaella Michela , Macchia Gabriella , Boccardi Mariangela , Mihoci Roshanian Inga , Sebastiani Rita , Santo Bianca , Russo Donatella , Ferioli Martina , Benini Anna , Perrucci Elisabetta , Raguso Arcangela , Cossa Sabrina , Matteucci Paolo , Talocco Claudia , Vicenzi Lisa , Trippa Fabio , Draghini Lorena , Augurio Antonietta , Di Guglielmo Fiorella Cristina , Cocuzza Paola , Pistis Francesca , De Felice Francesca , Meregalli Sofia , Bonetto Elisa Maria , Tamburo Maria , Bini Vittorio , Vavassori Andrea , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Aristei Cynthia
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To compare Italian use with current international guidelines and to evaluate oncological outcomes and toxicity patterns of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) for endometrial cancer (EC) in Italian women.

Materials and methods

To conduct a retrospective multicentre Italian study a large database was set up. Inclusion criteria were: accrual between 2010 and 2020, treatment with surgery, post-operative external beam RT (EBRT) and/or interventional radiotherapy (IRT) associated or not with adjuvant chemotherapy. Oncological outcomes, acute and late toxicities were analysed according to RT schedule and risk group.

Results

A total of 1848 patients, from 16 Italian RT centres were enrolled (median age 65 years, range 27–88). All patients received post-operative RT associated with chemotherapy in 31%. Patients were stratified on the basis of standard risk factors (Bosse et al. in Eur J Cancer 51:1742–50, 2015). After merging intermediate and high-intermediate risk classes into one intermediate group and including advanced and oligometastatic disease in the high-risk group, the low-risk group encompassed 124 patients, the intermediate-risk 1140, and the high risk 576. No low-risk patient developed local relapse (LR). Multivariate analysis showed that intermediate risk patients had a 2.5-fold increased risk of LR if treated with IRT alone vs EBRT-IRT boost. RT schedule did not impact significantly on LR in high risk patients. All acute toxicity parameters were highest in patients who received EBRT with simultaneous integrated boost (EBRT-SIB) and lowest in patients who received only IRT (p < 0.0001). Late toxicity was highest patients who received EBRT-SIB and lowest in those who were given EBRT with sequential boost (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

This retrospective study showed that Italian administration of adjuvant RT for EC is in accordance with current international guidelines. IRT alone for low-risk patients and EBRT associated with vaginal IRT remain standard adjuvant approaches for EC.
Factors Associated with Information Needs and Information-Seeking Intention Among People with Cancer Experience in Hong Kong
Authors: Chang Leanne , Fung Timothy K. F. , Leung Ho Man
Published: December 2024

Information is crucial for person-centered cancer care. This study investigated sociodemographic, psychological, and communicative factors associated with perceived information needs and the intention to continue seeking information among individuals with cancer experience in Hong Kong. Data were drawn from the INSIGHTS-Hong Kong (International Studies to Investigate Global Health Information Trends) survey, which included 510 respondents with personal cancer experience or as family members and close friends of those diagnosed with cancer. The findings revealed that 62% of participants perceived knowledge deficits and needed more cancer information, yet only 43% intended to seek additional information. Greater cancer worry, extensive effort in previous information searches, and concerns about information quality were significantly associated with heightened information needs. These results highlight key areas for prioritization in educational and supportive care initiatives to address unmet support needs. Additionally, the intention to seek further information was associated with perceived information needs, cancer severity, subjective norms, and concerns about information usefulness. These findings suggest strategies to enhance supportive care services by addressing unmet information needs through expanding access to credible and clear information, enhancing credibility assessment skills, emphasizing cancer risks, and leveraging support networks for individuals affected by cancer. This study lays the groundwork for future research on cancer information engagement in Hong Kong and other settings.
The origin of patient-derived cancer organoids from pathologically undiagnosed specimen in patients with pancreatobiliary cancers
Authors: Kim Bomi , Park Jiho , Na Hee Young , Park Sinwoo , Jin Jeonghwa , Jung Kwangrok , Lee Jong-Chan , Hwang Jin-Hyeok , Seo Minseok , Kim Jaihwan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Tissue confirmation of pancreatobiliary cancer is often difficult because of the location of the tumor and structure of the surrounding blood vessels. Patient-derived cancer organoids (PDCOs) reflect the genomic characteristics of individual cancers. Although diverse attempts to construct PDCOs for various pancreatobiliary cancer models are ongoing, no research results have yet confirmed the possibility of performing a precise diagnosis on PDCOs derived from pathologically negative patient samples.

Methods

We obtained a total of nine samples, including pathologically negative samples, from four patients (three patients with pancreatic cancer and one patient with gallbladder cancer) using different tissue acquisition methods to establish PDCOs (success rate 75%).

Results

We successfully verified whether the constructed PDCOs could represent the tissues of patients with pancreatobiliary cancer at each multi-omics level using tumor panel sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, hematoxylin and eosin, and immunohistochemical staining. PDCOs from pathologically negative samples showed expression patterns of malignant ductal cell-related biomarkers similar to those of other pathologically positive samples. Furthermore, the expression patterns at the single-cell level in PDCO from patients ultimately diagnosed with gallbladder cancer after surgery were different from those in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Conclusion

Therefore, our study implicated the potential of PDCOs as diagnostic and research tools, including for case involving limited tissue samples. Based on these results, we anticipate that this could be extended to more advanced studies, such as drug sensitivity testing, through large-scale trials in the near future.
Process parameter optimization in polymer powder bed fusion of final part properties in polyphenylene sulfide through design of experiments
Authors: Ho Ian , Bryant Jackson , Chatham Camden , Williams Christopher
Published: December 2024

The Additive Manufacturing (AM) modality of Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of Polymers (PBF-LB/P) is an established method for manufacturing semi-crystalline polymers. Like other AM processes, the selection of PBF-LB/P process parameters is critical as it has direct effect on final part properties. While prior research has been predominantly focused on polyamides (e.g., nylon 12), there exists a gap in exploring how process parameters affect higher performance polymers, such as polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). This work aims to explore the effects of PBF-LB/P process parameters on PPS parts printed via PBF-LB/P. While prior PBF-LB/P parameter research primarily relies on evaluating energy input to the system through a single numerical value of energy density, this study investigates the interplay of the print parameters within the energy density equation. To achieve these goals, an analysis was performed on the influence of the laser power, hatch spacing, and beam velocity on ultimate tensile strength (UTS), modulus, and crystallinity of printed parts. A Taguchi L8 array was used in balancing the print parameter combinations allowing for isolation of variance to the specific factors and interactions. Through this approach, print parameter combinations that improved UTS and modulus were identified. Additionally, the study revealed that numerically equivalent energy densities did not lead to equivalent performance, underscoring the significance for including the constitutive process parameters within the energy density equation when establishing process property relationships in printing with PBF-LB/P.
Robot in the loop: a human-centered approach to contextualizing AI and robotics in construction
Authors: Wu Yuning , Erdolu Emek , Wei Jiaying , Oh Jean , Cardoso Llach Daniel
Published: December 2024

This article documents the multidisciplinary design and evaluation of a robot to assist carpentry workers on a building site in the United States. Combining ethnographic and technical design research methods, it contributes a path towards the human-centered development of construction robotics technologies. Since the 1980s, researchers have envisioned robots performing skilled construction tasks such as bricklaying, painting, spray-coating, or site monitoring. In this article, we envision instead robots performing simpler, ancillary activities supporting workers while they collaboratively carry out building tasks. We draw from an extended ethnographic engagement with construction workers to inform the design of a prototype rover able to accompany and deliver tools to carpentry workers installing formwork panels. Following a review of the state of the art in construction robotics and ethnography in technology design, we show how insights drawn from our ethnographic study informed the robot’s design as well as its innovative deep reinforcement learning (DRL) architecture for social navigation. Evaluating the robot in simulations, lab settings, and on a construction floor we document its benefits, including apt social navigation and user comfort in construction floors, and reflect on its limitations. Proposing “robot in the loop” as a design pattern combining ethnographic and technical design research, the article shows how the world of construction might be brought closer to the world of technology design, centering workers’ contexts and experiences in the design of new technologies aimed at supporting them.
In generative AI we trust: can chatbots effectively verify political information?
Authors: Kuznetsova Elizaveta , Makhortykh Mykola , Vziatysheva Victoria , Stolze Martha , Baghumyan Ani , Urman Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

This article presents a comparative analysis of the potential of two large language model (LLM)-based chatbots—ChatGPT and Bing Chat (recently rebranded to Microsoft Copilot)—to detect veracity of political information. We use AI auditing methodology to investigate how chatbots evaluate true, false, and borderline statements on five topics: COVID-19, Russian aggression against Ukraine, the Holocaust, climate change, and LGBTQ + -related debates. We compare how the chatbots respond in high- and low-resource languages by using prompts in English, Russian, and Ukrainian. Furthermore, we explore chatbots’ ability to evaluate statements according to political communication concepts of disinformation, misinformation, and conspiracy theory, using definition-oriented prompts. We also systematically test how such evaluations are influenced by source attribution. The results show high potential of ChatGPT for the baseline veracity evaluation task, with 72% of the cases evaluated in accordance with the baseline on average across languages without pre-training. Bing Chat evaluated 67% of the cases in accordance with the baseline. We observe significant disparities in how chatbots evaluate prompts in high- and low-resource languages and how they adapt their evaluations to political communication concepts with ChatGPT providing more nuanced outputs than Bing Chat. These findings highlight the potential of LLM-based chatbots in tackling different forms of false information in online environments, but also point to the substantial variation in terms of how such potential is realized due to specific factors (e.g. language of the prompt or the topic).
Assessing the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Agricultural Transport: The Case of Brazilian Soy
Authors: Costa Everton Lima , Rocha Fernando Vinícius da , Péra Thiago Guilherme , Caixeta Filho José Vicente
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis within Brazil’s soy transportation sector. It aims to determine if CO2 emissions from soy transport show an “Inverted-U” or “N” shaped relationship with income from 2002 to 2017. Using a mathematical optimization model and System GMM for analysis, the study finds an “N” shaped EKC, indicating emissions initially increase, decrease, and then rise again with income. This suggests long-term environmental damage from sector growth, highlighting the need for targeted measures to mitigate emissions and enhance operational productivity, such as investments in intermodal transport and road efficiency improvements.
Hydrogeological conceptualization of a small island groundwater system using historical data
Authors: Kruijssen Titus P. , Wit Mike R. J. , van Breukelen Boris M. , van der Ploeg Martine , Bense Victor F.
Published: December 2024

Past hydrogeological processes and human impacts may exert substantial memory effects on today’s groundwater systems. Thorough characterization of such long-term processes is required for scientists and policymakers to predict the hydrogeological impacts of land management options. Especially in data-scarce areas, historical data are essential to unravel long-term hydrogeological processes, which could not be identified by short-term fieldwork or model simulations alone. However, historical data are often overlooked or only used as background information in most hydrogeological studies. We show that the combination of historical reports and quantitative data yields major insights in the hydrogeological system of Curaçao, a small semi-arid Caribbean island. Reconstructing the island’s groundwater conditions over the past 500 years revealed that deforestation and excessive abstraction has had a detrimental effect on the island’s groundwater reserves. Historical notes and data revealed major signs of seawater intrusion, especially during abstraction peaks in the island’s industrial era. Intrusion effects are still observed locally on the island today, but additional groundwater recharge by waste water has caused freshening elsewhere. We hypothesize that the observed aquifer replenishment locally enhances submarine groundwater discharge, flushing accumulated nutrients and pollutants towards Curaçao’s fringing coral reefs. We expect that this study’s insights motivate more hydrogeologists to use historical reports and data in future studies.
Permafrost and hydrogeology of quaternary deposits at Cape Welchness, Dundee Island (Antarctic Peninsula)
Authors: Silva Busso Adrián , Moreno-Merino Luis
Published: December 2024

Cape Welchness is an uncovered ice area on Dundee Island (north-east of the Antarctic Peninsula), mostly covered by Holocene-age glacial-glaciomarine deposits of up to 70 m in depth. In some areas, rocks from the Trinity Group and the Gustav Group outcrop. Syngenetic cryounits with an active layer development of 0.8 m and ice content ranging from 6% to 15%, increasing with depth, have been detected. Epigenetic units develop an active layer of up to 1.25 m (6–16% ice content), with similar depth values. Along the coastal zone, cryopeg reaches nearly 8 m in depth, alternating between ice, fresh water and saline water. The low and high plains exhibit extensive areas of open talik. In the low plain, a suprapermafrost summer aquifer with a thickness of 1.25–1.50 m develops. Glacial-fed creeks discharge 98% of the water input, while snow-fed creeks contribute only 0.04 Hm3/month. The ponds are divided into those fed by glaciers (linked to open talik) and those fed by precipitation (linked to closed talik). Creeks have an average salinity of 198 mg/l, lakes 190 mg/l and groundwater 223 mg/l. This study focuses on the area of the new Petrel Base, designed to enhance Argentine logistics.
Hello! I’ve Been Here the Whole Time: When non-cochlear sound art meets disability aesthetics
Authors: Austin-Stewart Jesse
Published: December 2024

Seth Kim Cohen’s notion of non-cochlear sound art explores the idea of more-than-music, reframing sonic listening, shifting away from the aesthetic and towards the conceptual, reducing ‘the value of sonic pleasure in favor of a broader set of philosophical, social, political, and historical concerns’. While this notion holds academic and artistic merit, it does not acknowledge similar explorations in sound art within disabled and d/Deaf communities and developments within disability aesthetics. Works within the disability arts that fit into Kim-Cohen’s non-cochlear sound art were created prior to the publication of his 2009 text In the Blink of an Ear: Toward a Non-Cochlear Sound Art and have continued to develop since. This article discusses Kim-Cohen’s non-cochlear sound and asks the reader to view it alongside discussions of disability aesthetics and sound art works by Hard of Hearing (HoH) and d/Deaf artists. In doing so, it illustrates how disability art and aesthetics are inherently conceptual and sociopolitical and have not only been forgotten in discussion of non-cochlear sound art, but have also carved their own path.
Spiralling Out of a Shell: Fictioning more-than-machine listening
Authors: Damianakis Konstantinos
Published: December 2024

This article critiques the anthropocentric tendencies in machine listening practices and narratives, developing alternative concepts and methods to explore the more-than-human potential of these technologies through the framework of sonic fiction. Situating machine listening within the contemporary soundscape of dataveillance, the research examines post-anthropocentric threads that emerge at the intersection of datafication, subjectivation and animalisation. Theory and practice interweave in the composition of a music piece, The Spiral, enabling generative feedback between concept, sensation and technique. Specifically, the research investigates the figure of a mollusc bio-sensor between science fact and fable, as the (im)possible locus of musicality. This emergent methodology also offers new insights for other sound art and music practices aiming to pluralise what listening might be.
Great and Lonely?
Authors: Rogoza Marta , Marchlewska Marta , Rogoza Radosław , Molenda Zuzanna , Szczepańska Dagmara , Adamczyk Dominika , Szczęsna Michalina , Witke Dominika
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Past research suggests that national narcissism goes hand in hand with negative intergroup and intragroup outcomes. We contend that national narcissism can be also linked to maladaptive intra-individual concomitants. Across two studies, we examined the relationship between national narcissism and loneliness, using representative samples from Poland. Study 1 ( N = 633) demonstrated a positive correlation between national narcissism and loneliness. Study 2 ( N = 811) employed a two-wave design to test bidirectional effect of national narcissism and loneliness. The results confirmed that both cross-lagged paths between national narcissism and loneliness were significant over the 6-month period, reinforcing the findings from Study 1.
The Vertical Structure of Tropical Temperature Change in Global Storm‐Resolving Model Simulations of Climate Change
Authors: Merlis Timothy M. , Guendelman Ilai , Cheng Kai‐Yuan , Harris Lucas , Chen Yan‐Ting , Bretherton Christopher S. , Bolot Maximilien , Zhou Linjiong , Kaltenbaugh Alex , Clark Spencer K. , Fueglistaler Stephan
Published: December 2024

Global storm‐resolving model (GSRM) simulations (kilometer‐scale horizontal resolution) of the atmosphere can capture the interaction between the scales of deep cumulus convection and the large‐scale dynamics and thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere. Here, we assess the vertical structure of tropical temperature change in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's GSRM X‐SHiELD, perturbed by a uniform sea surface temperature (SST) warming and/or increased concentration. The simulated warming from an SST increase is weakly amplified relative to the surface through the mid‐troposphere before increasing to a factor of about 2.5 in the upper troposphere. This combination of muted warming in the mid‐troposphere and amplified warming aloft is within the range of CMIP6 models at individual pressure levels but, taken together, is distinctive behavior. The response to increase with unchanged SST is an approximately vertically uniform warming, comparable to CMIP6 models, and is linearly additive with the SST‐induced warming in X‐SHiELD.
Ionosphere Responses Over Asian‐Australian and American Sectors to the 10–12 May 2024 Superstorm
Authors: Zhang Ruilong , Liu Libo , Yang Yuyan , Li Wenbo , Zhao Xiukuan , Yoshikawa Akimasa , Tariq M. Arslan , Chen Yiding , Le Huijun
Published: December 2024

This work analyzed the ionospheric disturbances over the Asian‐Australian and American sectors during the superstorm that started from ∼17 UT on 10 May 2024. During 17–22.5 UT, the equatorial ΔH recorded the positive and negative disturbances in American and Asian sectors due to the penetration electric fields (PEFs). The Total Electron Content (TEC) at American was enhanced for ∼9 hr within 50°S–40°N, while TEC at Asian‐Australian decreased for ∼3 hr within 10°S–25°N. The equatorward disturbance winds promptly propagated to middle and low latitudes after 1 hr of the storm onset in Asian sector and impeded the negative TEC induced by the westward PEFs. In the recovery phase, the repeated elevations of hmF2s were observed in two sectors under the multiple PEFs resulting from the interplanetary magnetic fields Bz south‐north turning before 12 UT on 11 May. After that, in the American sector the westward disturbance dynamo electric fields were remarkable, and induced the negative storm effects at low latitudes; while in Asian‐Australian sector, the TEC presented the negative storm in the Northern Hemisphere and positive storm in the Southern Hemisphere. In Asian sector, the middle negative TEC storm became positive after 14–24 UT on 11 May and then switched to negative, which firstly occurred in the eastern regions and spread to westward and equatorward. These longitude gradients might be caused by disturbance winds and O/N2. Besides, the positive storm reinforced in conjugated Australian sector when the positive TEC was observed in Asian sector, indicating the possible contribution of the reinforced plasmasphere refilling.
Coastal Flooding in Asian Megadeltas: Recent Advances, Persistent Challenges, and Call for Actions Amidst Local and Global Changes
Authors: Becker M. , Seeger K. , Paszkowski A. , Marcos M. , Papa F. , Almar R. , Bates P. , France‐Lanord C. , Hossain Md S. , Khan Md J. U. , Karegar M. A. , Karpytchev M. , Long N. , Minderhoud P. S. J. , Neal J. , Nicholls R. J. , Syvitski J.
Published: December 2024

Asian megadeltas, specifically the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna, Irrawaddy, Chao Phraya, Mekong, and Red River deltas host half of the world's deltaic population and are vital for Asian countries' ecosystems and food production. These deltas are extremely vulnerable to global change. Accelerating relative sea‐level rise, combined with rapid socio‐economic development intensifies these vulnerabilities and calls for a comprehensive understanding of current and future coastal flood dynamics. Here we provide a state‐of‐the‐art on the current knowledge and recent advances in quantifying and understanding the drivers of coastal flood‐related hazards in these deltas. We discuss the environmental and physical drivers, including climate influence, hydrology, oceanography, geomorphology, and geophysical processes and how they interact from short to long‐term changes, including during extreme events. We also jointly examine how human disturbances, with catchment interventions, land use changes and resource exploitations, contribute to coastal flooding in the deltas. Through a systems perspective, we characterize the current state of the deltaic systems and provide essential insights for shaping their sustainable future trajectories regarding the multifaceted challenges of coastal flooding.
Patient-reported outcomes of rezvilutamide versus bicalutamide in combination with androgen deprivation therapy in high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients (CHART): a randomized, phase 3 study
Authors: Wang Hongkai , Jiang Shusuan , Luo Hong , Zhou Fangjian , He Dalin , Ma Lulin , Guo Hongqian , Liang Chaozhao , Chong Tie , Jiang Jun , Chen Zhiwen , Wang Yong , Zou Qing , Tian Ye , Xiao Jun , Huang Jian , Chen Jinchao , Dong Qiang , Zhang Xiaoping , Li Hanzhong , Yang Xinfeng , Lian Jianpo , Wang Wenliang , Ye Dingwei
Published: December 2024

The randomized phase 3 CHART trial (NCT03520478) revealed that rezvilutamide (REZ) plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in high-volume, metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) significantly enhanced radiographic progression-free and overall survival than bicalutamide (BIC)-ADT. Accordingly, we examined patient-reported outcomes (PROs) results, which were exploratory endpoints in the CHART trial. The patients were randomly allocated to receive REZ-ADT or BIC-ADT in a 1:1 ratio. The PROs were evaluated with the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) questionnaires. Both study groups displayed comparable baseline pain scores and functional status. Patients administered REZ-ADT had an extended time to progression of worst pain intensity in comparison to those treated with BIC-ADT (25th percentile, 9.2 [95% CI 7.4–16.6] vs. 6.4 months [95% CI 5.5–8.3]; HR 0.75 [95% CI 0.57–0.97]; p = 0.026). Similarly, patients received REZ-ADT exhibited a delayed time to progression of pain interference in comparison to those receiving BIC-ADT (25th percentile, 20.2 [95% CI 12.9–31.3] vs. 10.2 months [95% CI 7.4–11.1]; HR 0.70 [95% CI 0.52–0.93]; p = 0.015). Additionally, the REZ-ADT group demonstrated a prolonged delay in the deterioration of the total score on the FACT-P questionnaire (25th percentile, 12.8 [95% CI 7.4–20.3] vs. 6.0 months [95% CI 4.6–9.2]; HR 0.66 [95% CI 0.50–0.86]; p = 0.002), as well as most of the FACT-P subscale scores, in comparison to the BIC-ADT group. In conclusion, REZ-ADT is superior to BIC-ADT regarding the pain alleviation and enhancement of functional scales for high-volume mHSPC.
Induced cell phenotype activity recording of DNA-tagged ligands
Authors: Sander Philipp N. , Gillen Miller Jared T. , Lairson Luke L.
Published: December 2024

A generalizable methodology for recording and retrieving the phenotype-inducing activity of DNA-encoded ligands.
Tuning the selectivity of bimetallic Cu electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction using atomic layer deposition
Authors: Lee Si Young , Lenef Julia D. , Delgado Cornejo Daniel O. , Ortiz-Ortiz Alondra M. , Ma Tao , Arthur Timothy S. , Roberts Charles A. , Dasgupta Neil P.
Published: December 2024

Synthesis of bimetallic electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction using atomic layer deposition results in changes in chemical state and product selectivity.
Asymmetric desymmetrization of 2,5-cyclohexadienones initiated by organocatalytic conjugate addition to 4-nitro-5-styrylisoxazoles
Authors: Sharma Manisha , Chauhan Pankaj
Published: December 2024

A perfectly chemo- and stereoselective desymmetrization of 2,5-cyclohexadienones has been described, where the domino process is initiated by the organocatalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition to the appended 4-nitro-5-styrylisoxazoles.
Correction: Fast detection of penicillium rot and the conservation status of packaged citrus fruit using an optical array sensor
Authors: Cavallaro Alessia , Santonocito Rossella , Puglisi Roberta , Pappalardo Andrea , La Spada Federico , Parlascino Rossana , Riolo Mario , Cacciola Santa Olga , Tuccitto Nunzio , Trusso Sfrazzetto Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘Fast detection of penicillium rot and the conservation status of packaged citrus fruit using an optical array sensor’ by Alessia Cavallaro et al., Chem. Commun., 2024, 60, 13702–13705, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CC04700A.
Enhanced phase prediction of high-entropy alloys through machine learning and data augmentation
Authors: Wu Song , Song Zihao , Wang Jianwei , Niu Xiaobin , Chen Haiyuan
Published: December 2024

The phase structure information of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is critical for their design and application, as different phase configurations are associated with distinct chemical and physical properties.
Cu(ii)-mediated tautomerization for the pyrazole-nitrile coupling reaction
Authors: Hsieh Chang-Chih , Chen Chia-Wei , Chiang Ming-Hsi , Horng Yih-Chern
Published: December 2024

An intrinsic tautomeric transformation of metal-bound asymmetric 3(5)-monosubstituted pyrazole occurs during Cu(ii)-promoted pyrazole-nitrile coupling, mediated by counteranions.
Adaptive responses of Bacillus subtilis underlie differential nanoplastic toxicity with implications for root colonization
Authors: Perez Franklin , Andoy Nesha May O. , Hua Uyan Tran Thao , Yoshioka Keiko , Sullan Ruby May A.
Published: December 2024

The toxicity of nanoplastics bound to plant growth-promoting bacteria strongly depends on their mode of growth, significantly limiting their ability to colonize roots.
Cryo-EM for atomic characterization of supramolecular gels
Authors: Sonani Ravi , Bianco Simona , Kreutzberger Mark , Adams Dave , Egelman Edward
Published: December 2024

While there have been great advances in the design and synthesis of supramolecular gels, their characterization methods have largely stayed the same, with electron microscopy of dried samples, or small-angle...
Automated on-line monitoring of a lithium hydroxide production process using micro-discharge OES
Authors: Wiggershaus Bastian , Jeskanen Miisamari , Roos Aappo , Laurila Toni , Vogt Carla
Published: December 2024

The lithium hydroxide production at a pilot plant is monitored in real-time and on-line using micro plasmas in combination with optical emission spectroscopy to identify trends in the element concentrations.
Crystal reconstructed cubic nickel oxide with energetic reactive interfaces for exceptional electrochromic smart windows
Authors: Hu Chengyv , Guo Xiaodan , Gao Yi , Zhang Ping , Lei Pengyang , Lv Ying , Wang Xinyi , Zhu Rui , Cai Guofa
Published: December 2024

The reconstruction of cubic phase NiO by phosphorylation extremely improves ion transport efficiency and electrochromic properties.
Problems with solutions: manipulating alkylammonium additive reactivity for durable high-quality perovskite films
Authors: Palmer Jack R. , Iwamoto Soichiro , Han Clark , Dolan Connor J. , Vossler Hendrik M. , Dunfield Sean P. , Fenning David P.
Published: December 2024

Longer-chained alkylammonium chlorides can decrease perovskite solution degradation rates and increase light/heat stability of FAPbI3 films.
Half reaction over a Ni2P/Bi2O2S composite for photocatalytic overall nitrogen fixation
Authors: Tan Yawen , Liu Xue , Madhusudan Puttaswamy , Zhang Jun
Published: December 2024

The Ni2P/Bi2O2S composite effectively constructed an S-scheme heterojunction to promote overall photocatalytic nitrogen fixation activity.
A-site composition tuning in methylammonium-based metal halide perovskite colloidal nanocrystals
Authors: Mondal Shekhar , Sharma Gauri , Bhoi Sunanda , Wadepalli Sadashiv , Santra Pralay K. , Saha Dipankar , Hazarika Abhijit
Published: December 2024

Methylammonium-based A-site composition tuning in lead halide perovskites via post-synthetic cross-ion exchange to generate phase-stable colloidal nanocrystals of FAxMA1−xPbI3 and CsxFAyMA1−x−yPbI3 (TCPbI3).
Mechanism and catalytic activity of the water–gas shift reaction on a single-atom alloy Al1/Cu (111) surface
Authors: Bai Yun , Tian Dongxu
Published: December 2024

Al1/Cu (111) presents bifunctional active sites and promotes the whole WGSR in cooperativity.
Halide-free ion pair organocatalyst from biobased α-hydroxy acid for cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxide
Authors: Li Ning , Zhang Min , Li Zhenjiang , Hu Yongzhu , Shi Na , Wang Yujia , Shi Yanqi , Yuan Xin , Liu Ziqi , Guo Kai
Published: December 2024

Halide-free ion pair organocatalysts composed of protonated base cations and hydroxy carboxylate anions bifunctionally activated epoxides by H-bonding and facilitating the formation of an acyl carbonate intermediate that attacked the epoxide.
In situ characterization techniques: main tools for revealing OER/ORR catalytic mechanism and reaction dynamics
Authors: Wu Siqi , Liang Zexin , Wang Tianshi , Liu Xiaobin , Huang Shaobo
Published: December 2024

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are some of the most important reactions in electrochemical energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal–air cells.
High-efficiency photodriven coupling of CO2 and various epoxides via a multi-shelled hollow ZIF/MXene derived composite with low activation energy
Authors: Wang Yang , Ding Meili , Fu Xiaotong , Yao Jianfeng
Published: December 2024

A multi-shelled hollow ZIF/MXene derived composite (CoNHPC/TM-8) has been rationally fabricated for high-efficiency photo-induced coupling of carbon dioxide and various epoxides.
Synthesis of cyclic phosphonium-borate compounds through reaction of benzynes and frustrated Lewis pairs
Authors: Xie Pei , Zhang Fang , Cai Zhihua , Zheng Yating , Wu Leifang , He Lin
Published: December 2024

A practical method for the construction of stable zwitterionic phosphonium-borate compounds via trapping of benzynes by phosphine-borane frustrated Lewis pairs has been developed.