bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dynamics embedded in COVID-19 pandemic responses in South Africa: Implications for public healthcare delivery
Authors: Kajiita Robert Mutemi , Kang'ethe Simon Murote
Published: May 2024

South Africa recorded the highest number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Africa despite having what seemed to be one of the best government response mechanisms on the continent. This paper explores the responses of both the government and the citizens of South Africa to the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a literature review, the study established that the government's response to the pandemic was influenced by various factors, including the responsibility to protect citizens' lives, the need to defend the state's sovereignty, and compliance with global health imperatives. This was achieved through strict and coercive government measures, which left little room for public participation in decision-making. The findings also indicate public dissent towards government directives, which may be attributed to a lack of public awareness and preparedness in public health emergencies. The social contract theory provides a useful framework for analysing and understanding the actions of the government and citizens in response to COVID-19 in South Africa. Understanding these aspects is crucial for drawing informative lessons for effective public health and socio-economic interventions in future pandemics and health-related emergencies.
Resonance of Low-frequency Electromagnetic and Ion-sound Modes in the Solar Wind
Authors: Vasko I. Y. , Mozer F. S. , Bowen T. , Verniero J. , An X. , Artemyev A. V. , Bale S. D. , Bonnell J. W. , Halekas J. , Kuzichev I. V.
Published: May 2024

Parker Solar Probe measurements have recently shown that coherent fast magnetosonic and Alfvén ion-cyclotron waves are abundant in the solar wind and can be accompanied by higher-frequency electrostatic fluctuations. In this Letter we reveal the nonlinear process capable of channelling the energy of low-frequency electromagnetic to higher-frequency electrostatic fluctuations observed on board Parker Solar Probe. We present Hall-MHD simulations demonstrating that low-frequency electromagnetic fluctuations can resonate with the ion-sound mode, which results in steepening of plasma density fluctuations, electrostatic spikes, and harmonics in the electric field spectrum. The resonance can occur around the wavenumber determined by the ratio between local sound and Alfvén speeds, but only in the case of oblique propagation to the background magnetic field. The resonance wavenumber, its width, and steepening timescale are estimated, and all indicate that the revealed two-wave resonance can frequently occur in the solar wind. This process can be a potential channel of energy transfer from cyclotron resonant ions producing the electromagnetic fluctuations to Landau resonant ions and electrons absorbing the energy of the higher-frequency electrostatic fluctuations.
Radial Variations in Solar Type III Radio Bursts
Authors: Krupar Vratislav , Kruparova Oksana , Szabo Adam , Wilson Lynn B. , Nemec Frantisek , Santolik Ondrej , Pulupa Marc , Issautier Karine , Bale Stuart D. , Maksimovic Milan
Published: May 2024

Type III radio bursts are generated by electron beams accelerated at reconnection sites in the corona. This study, utilizing data from the Parker Solar Probe’s first 17 encounters, closely examines these bursts down to 13 solar radii. A focal point of our analysis is the near-radial alignment (within 5°) of the Parker Solar Probe, STEREO-A, and Wind spacecraft relative to the Sun. This alignment, facilitating simultaneous observations of 52 and 27 bursts by STEREO-A and Wind respectively, allows for a detailed differentiation of radial and longitudinal burst variations. Our observations reveal no significant radial variations in electron beam speeds, radio fluxes, or exponential decay times for events below 50 solar radii. In contrast, closer to the Sun we noted a decrease in beam speeds and radio fluxes. This suggests potential effects of radio beaming or alterations in radio source sizes in this region. Importantly, our results underscore the necessity of considering spacecraft distance in multispacecraft observations for accurate radio burst analysis. A critical threshold of 50 solar radii emerges, beyond which beaming effects and changes in beam speeds and radio fluxes become significant. Furthermore, the consistent decay times across varying radial distances point toward a stable trend extending from 13 solar radii into the inner heliosphere. Our statistical results provide valuable insights into the propagation mechanisms of type III radio bursts, particularly highlighting the role of scattering near the radio source when the frequency aligns with the local electron plasma frequency.
Shape-from-shading Refinement of LOLA and LROC NAC Digital Elevation Models: Applications to Upcoming Human and Robotic Exploration of the Moon
Authors: Boatwright Benjamin D. , Head James W.
Published: May 2024

The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has returned a wealth of remotely sensed data of the Moon over the past 15 years. As preparations are under way to return humans to the lunar surface with the Artemis campaign, LRO data have become a cornerstone for the characterization of potential sites of scientific and exploration interest on the Moon's surface. One critical aspect of landing site selection is knowledge of topography, slope, and surface hazards. Digital elevation models derived from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) instruments can provide this information at scales of meters to decameters. Shape-from-shading (SfS), or photoclinometry, is a technique for independently deriving surface height information by correlating surface reflectance with incidence angle and can theoretically approach an effective resolution equivalent to the input images themselves, typically better than 1 m per pixel with the LROC Narrow Angle Camera (NAC). We present a high-level, semiautomated pipeline that utilizes preexisting Ames Stereo Pipeline tools along with image alignment and parallel processing routines to generate SfS-refined digital elevation models using LRO data. In addition to the present focus on the lunar south pole with Artemis, we also demonstrate the usefulness of SfS for characterizing meter-scale lunar topography at lower equatorial latitudes.
Near-infrared Photometry of the Moon’s Surface with Passive Radiometry from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA)
Authors: Walker Ryan T. , Barker Michael K. , Mazarico Erwan , Sun Xiaoli , Neumann Gregory A. , Smith David E. , Head James W. , Zuber Maria T.
Published: May 2024

Examining the reflectance of the Moon’s surface across a broad range of viewing geometries through photometric analysis can reveal physical and geological properties of its regolith. Since 2013 December, the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) on board the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has been operating as a near-infrared (1064 nm) passive radiometer when its laser is turned off. We present a new analysis of this data set spanning roughly 8 yr and covering the surface up to high latitudes in both hemispheres. We apply semiempirical phase functions to find a lower photometric slope and a narrower opposition effect for the highlands than the maria, consistent with theoretical expectations given the higher albedo of the highlands. Examining various geological properties at global scales shows that, in the highlands, iron abundance (FeO) and optical maturity (OMAT) are the dominant factors affecting the phase function, with a smaller influence from surface slope. In the maria, FeO is the dominant factor, with smaller influences from OMAT, surface slope, and TiO2. Submicroscopic iron abundance (SMFe) has a similar effect to OMAT in both highlands and maria. Analysis at specific sites, including the Reiner Gamma swirl and several silicic anomalies, indicates that the phase functions are consistent with the global data for similar FeO and OMAT. Thermophysical properties inferred from surface temperature observations by the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment on board LRO do not affect the 1064 nm phase function, possibly due to a difference between their depth scale and LOLA’s sensing depth.
Comparing the efficiency of DNA extraction protocols across a multinational environmental DNA initiative
Authors: Rodriguez Lauren , De Bonis Lorenzo , McKee Jack , McKenna James A , Urvois Teddy , Barbaccia Eleonora , Dillane Eileen , Lanfredi Caterina , Hjellnes Helene , Jung Armelle , Villa Enrico , Azzellino Arianna , Westgaard Jon-Ivar , Quéméré Erwan , Thalinger Bettina
Published: May 2024

The comparability of methods applied to environmental DNA (eDNA) samples across laboratories remains a significant challenge for international biodiversity monitoring projects. Inconsistently performing practices can jeopardize the reliability of data that is essential for effective conservation strategies across geographic regions and focal species. To address potential discrepancies among four international partner laboratories who are part of a collaborative eDNA initiative, a ring test was conducted to compare extraction efficiencies based on 39 eDNA samples. Each laboratory contributed eight to eleven eDNA samples collected from five locations throughout the North-East Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea near marine megafauna (whales, dolphins, and sharks). After lysis, aliquots were exchanged between laboratories then independently extracted using each facility’s preferred method. Extracts were then returned to their respective laboratories of origin for measurements of total DNA concentration as well as quantitative PCRs using species-specific assays designed for each associated target species. Our findings revealed similar concentrations of total DNA, yet a significant deviation in extraction performance for targeted qPCR reactions by one laboratory. Overall, detection success differed based on the target taxa with sharks being less often detected (and at lower concentrations) than whales and dolphins. Significant interaction effects were found between combinations of laboratories and species, suggesting that particular extraction protocols may be most efficient for specific environmental conditions. Our study serves as a foundational step towards establishing rigorous, reproducible eDNA practices that are crucial for the success of multinational environmental monitoring projects to enable the direct comparison of results.
Comprehensive assessment of salt-alkali tolerance of different soybean varieties at the maturation stage
Authors: Hu Tiehuan , Sun Yongyuan , Cui Rui , Liu Yantao , Cao Jinfeng , Li Zhixiao
Published: May 2024

Soil salinization is a significant global challenge impacting food security and arable land safety. Biological amelioration for the development and utilization of salt-alkali land has gained attention in recent years but the breeding and selection of salt-alkali-tolerant crop varieties remain a challenge. Cultivated soybeans are moderately salt-tolerant crops; however, a precise threshold for salt-alkali conditions has not been determined and varies by genotype. Therefore, this study evaluated the salt-alkali tolerance of 15 different soybean varieties using correlation, principal component, membership function, and cluster analyses. The average soybean indices decreased with increasing salt-alkali stress concentrations. Under severe salt-alkali stress, the coefficients of variation for grain yield and biomass were significantly higher than those under mild salt-alkali stress. Plant height and node number were significantly positively correlated, whereas bottom pod height was significantly negatively correlated with branch number, effective pod number, and grain number per plant. Node and grain numbers per plant were significantly positively correlated. Branch number, effective pod number, grain number per plant, and hundred-grain weight were significantly and positively correlated. Effective pod number was significantly positively correlated with grain number per plant, biomass, and yield. Grain number per plant exhibited a significant negative correlation with hundred-grain weight. Biomass and yield were significantly positively correlated. The salt-alkali tolerance of 15 soybean varieties ranged from strong weak as follows: Cangdou 1438, 0734, 1426, 1418, 1453, 1327, 1846, 1412, 1817, 1301, 1821, 1819, 1815, 1814, and 1850. Salt-alkali-sensitive and salt-alkali-tolerant varieties were successfully identified.
Qu’est-ce que la liberté académique ? Une défense raisonnée et raisonnable
Authors: Beaud Olivier
Published: May 2024

Cet article tente de cerner le concept de liberté académique, ici défini comme une liberté professionnelle dont l’envers est l’éthique académique. Cette conception raisonnable et raisonnée de la liberté académique a pour corollaire la distinction à opérer, lorsqu’il est question des universitaires et des chercheurs, entre deux types de liberté d’expression : intra-académique et extra-académique.
Origine et persistance de l'inflation : quelques enseignements de l'histoire
Authors: Menuet Maxime
Published: May 2024

Cet article propose de passer en revue quelques grandes idées économiques sur l'inflation et de les mettre en relation avec les faits historiques. Nous montrons que la période allant du xv e au xx e siècle est loin d'être un long chemin triomphant pour la théorie quantitative. L'étude du xx e nous enseigne que l'inflation peut être la conséquence de guerres, de contrôles des prix en période de crise, ou de conflits de répartition au sein de la société. De plus, nous mettons en avant quelques faits stylisés, comme l'importance de l'ancrage des anticipations des ménages, ou l'impact de la politique budgétaire. Enfin, nous soulignons l'échec de la théorie macroéconomique actuelle pour comprendre l'origine et la persistance de l'inflation. Classification JEL : E31, E62, N1.
Le ciblage de l'inflation en univers incertain
Authors: Jaillet Pierre , Pollin Jean-Paul
Published: May 2024

Le récent choc de prix a suscité un débat sur la cible d'inflation, pilier des stratégies des banques centrales depuis les années 1990. L'article revient sur la question théorique du taux d'inflation, avant d'aborder les conditions ayant justifié le choix d'une cible de 2 % par la plupart d'entre elles. Il examine ensuite les arguments en faveur ou à l'encontre d'un changement de cette référence, avant d'évoquer quelques options stratégiques alternatives. Il en ressort que dans tous les cas de figure, les banques centrales devront justifier économiquement la pertinence et leurs politiques d'objectifs, mieux qu'elles ne le font aujourd'hui. Classification JEL : E31, E52, E58.
Le déploiement de la géothermie en France et en suisse : vers une redéfinition des usages du sous-sol ?
Authors: Missaghieh-Poncet Justin
Published: May 2024

Si le sous-sol est historiquement le lieu de l’extractivisme, la transition énergétique requestionne les usages du sous-sol, dont la géothermie profonde. La géothermie se développe sur de nouveaux territoires et modifie en même temps ses caractéristiques techniques. Ce déploiement s’accompagne de promesses technoscientifiques, soutenues par des financements publics. Il s’accompagne également d’« alliances » avec d’autres filières, comme celles du lithium ou du pétrole. Néanmoins, ce déploiement ne se fait pas sans heurts — la géothermie génère notamment des séismes —, ce qui conduit à des débats intenses sur l’encadrement de la technique, politisant ainsi le sous-sol.
La Guyane : une ancienne colonie face à la transition énergétique
Authors: Crézé Ronan
Published: May 2024

La Guyane française est un territoire administré par l’État français sur lequel vivent des populations autochtones qui perpétuent encore aujourd’hui leurs usages traditionnels. Alors que les besoins énergétiques de la population guyanaise augmentent, le foncier devient un terrain de disputes sur l’usage légitime du sol. Plusieurs projets de développement d’énergies renouvelables (dont ceux consistant à implanter des panneaux photovoltaïques au sol) sont portés par des entreprises hexagonales ou étrangères. Elles investissent le foncier guyanais en se confrontant à des conceptions distinctes de l’utilisation d’un territoire marqué par l’orpaillage et la colonisation.
La médiation par l’animal dans la pratique clinique et psycho-thérapeutique : vers une métapsychologie de la zoo-psychothérapie
Authors: Ours Marion
Published: May 2024

La pratique de la médiation par l’animal regroupe un ensemble d’usages et d’applications qui ne sont pas encore clairement distincts selon chaque discipline et elle ne fait pas encore l’objet d’une réglementation juridique précise. L’auteure propose de nommer « zoo-psychothérapie » la pratique de la médiation animale réalisée, d’une part, par les psychologues cliniciens-psychothérapeutes et, d’autre part, lorsqu’elle se dialectise et s’étaye sur les théories psychanalytiques. Elle définit une métapsychologie rigoureuse et particulière à cette médiation thérapeutique avec l’animal, notamment au travers d’un dispositif singulier pendant et autour des séances. Une présentation du cas clinique d’une jeune patiente conclut cet écrit.
From causal conjunction to discourse marker: a conversation analysis of mandarin yinwei
Authors: Feng Liu , Zheng Jingting , Zeng Jianyu
Published: May 2024

En adoptant la méthode de l’analyse conversationnelle et la perspective de la linguistique interactionnelle, cette étude examine comment le mot yinwei en mandarin (‘Parce que’ en français) est utilisé par les interlocuteurs pour organiser les conversations et accomplir diverses tâches interactionnelles dans les échanges en mandarin. L’étude suggère également la motivation à l’origine des différentes fonctions interactionnelles, ce qui met en évidence l’interconnexion entre le langage et l’interaction.
L’ECM(S) est-elle un dispositif générateur de solidarité(s) ?
Authors: Contor Justine
Published: May 2024

Cet article souhaite interroger la manière dont la solidarité (internationale) s’opère dans un monde globalisé et néolibéral – qui place l’individu comme responsable de ses actions et entrepreneur de sa vie, et les organisations (ONG) dans une logique de marché. L’article vise aussi à revenir plus spécifiquement sur les particularités d’un métier considéré comme peu légitime dans le champ du développement, et dans le même temps particulièrement investi par les femmes, comme le sont généralement les métiers de l’éducation et du care. Enfin, il permet de s’interroger sur la notion d’engagement pour « un autre lointain » (Stangherlin, 2005) au regard du cadre de l’apprentissage expérientiel (Balleux, 2000), faisant l’hypothèse que l’engagement doit s’inscrire dans une approche longitudinale pour favoriser une forme d’engagement. L’objectif de cette publication est donc bien d’offrir un tour d’horizon des enjeux qui concernent l’Éducation à la citoyenneté mondiale et solidaire – ECM(S) -, et par conséquent de tenter d’interroger la pertinence de cet outil pour penser la solidarité auprès des publics visés.
Un horizon transféministe en EPS ? Expériences d’une élève trans dans les activités physiques, sportives et artistiques
Authors: Pouy-Bidard Bastien
Published: May 2024

Les études de genre en sciences et techniques des activités physiques et sportives (STAPS) jouissent d’une littérature scientifique relativement conséquente. Depuis les années 1990, les activités physiques, sportives et artistiques (APSA) font l’objet d’une analyse de genre assez fine. À l’aube des années 2020, marquée par une visibilisation inédite des transidentités, les trans studies convoquent et interrogent inévitablement certains postulats féministes dans le champ de l’éducation physique et sportive (EPS). Cet article propose de les mettre au travail à travers l’investigation des expériences d’une élève trans dans la discipline. Les résultats présentés évoquent en somme un positionnement singulier de l’enquêtée : son discours aspire à déconstruire les normes de genre dans les APSA, tandis que sa pratique présuppose une valorisation d’un système de genre binaire en EPS. Ils ouvrent ainsi la voie à des questionnements sur les modalités d’émergence d’un horizon trans-féministe dans la discipline.
Fragments de dialogue avec Gérard Szwec
Authors: Touati Bernard
Published: May 2024

Plusieurs points des discussions qui ont émaillé une longue amitié sont repris ici : l’application du psychodrame psychanalytique à des sujets présentant une pensée opératoire, et les risques possibles de cette approche motivant les réticences des psychosomaticiens ; la conception du psychodrame comme « talking cure » opposée à l’importance donnée au corps, au geste, à la motricité et aux représentations d’actions ; les propositions métapsychologiques de Gérard Szwec sur la dépression essentielle du bébé, en particulier celles concernant l’extrême précocité de la constitution du trouble et sa dimension anobjectale. Le questionnement porte ensuite sur les différences avec l’émergence d’un syndrome autistique. La parenté clinique et la différenciation avec les aspects du fonctionnement du TDAH sont également discutées.
Replacer le travail au cœur de la QVCT : retour sur 20 ans de recherches francophones en sciences de gestion
Authors: Stimec Arnaud , Grimand Amaury , Gentil Stéphanie , Cucharero Atienza Paula , Journé Benoît
Published: May 2024

La thématique de la Qualité de Vie et des Conditions de Travail (QVCT) a gagné sensiblement en visibilité ces quinze dernières années, mais le travail (ce qu’il implique, ce qu’il déclenche chez les acteurs) est très souvent minimisé et reste le point aveugle de ces démarches. En nous fondant notamment sur les travaux issus de la clinique de l’activité, nous soutenons l’idée selon laquelle manager la QVCT suppose d’accorder une place centrale à l’analyse du travail réel et ses contradictions. Dès lors, manager la QVCT, c’est inévitablement et de façon indissociable manager le travail. L’enjeu de cet article est ainsi de développer les fondements d’un management renouvelé - le management du travail - pour développer la QVCT, dans ses dimensions théoriques et d’ingénierie. Nous prenons appui dans cette optique sur les travaux de recherche en sciences de gestion menés depuis 20 ans dans une perspective de consolidation et de synthèse. Sur un plan théorique, nous montrons que manager la QVCT nécessite un regard renouvelé sur l’organisation ainsi qu’une posture pragmatiste, qui prête notamment attention aux mécanismes de régulation et au dialogue sur le travail. Nous mettons en relief trois enjeux majeurs susceptibles de contribuer à un management de la QVCT par le travail : renforcer l’appropriation du travail en lieu et place d’un management distant et désincarné, développer le pouvoir d’agir face aux empêchements, mettre en visibilité le travail dans toutes ses dimensions (objective-impersonnelle, subjective-personnelle, collective-transpersonnelle et interpersonnelle). L’article s’efforce dans un deuxième temps de poser les jalons d’une ingénierie d’un management du travail au service de la QVCT. Il suggère dans cette optique d’instaurer la subsidiarité comme principe de gouvernance, celle-ci étant par ailleurs susceptible de s’appuyer sur la mise en place d’espaces de discussion sur le travail. En conclusion, nous soulignons que cette démarche ne peut faire l’économie d’une réflexion sur la vision anthropologique de l’homme au travail.
Les effets de la présence publique au sein d’une fédération multisport : le cas de l’UCPA
Authors: Philippe Marion , Schut Pierre-Olaf
Published: May 2024

L’Union des centres de plein air (UCPA) est née de la fusion de l’Union nationale des centres de montagne et de l’union nautique française dans l’objectif de réunir et d’étendre les activités de ces associations. La préoccupation de ces dernières était de développer des centres d’accueil pour permettre aux jeunes de s’initier aux pratiques nautiques et de montagne pendant les vacances. Ces associations fonctionnaient grâce à leurs ressources d’activités et des aides publiques qui leur permettaient d’engager leurs premiers investissements dans l’acquisition de centres permanents tout en assurant l’accessibilité de leurs services. La création de l’UCPA en 1965 entraîne une modification importante de gouvernance. Même si l’organisation conserve le statut associatif de ses « grandes soeurs », la composition de son conseil d’administration est un modèle atypique. Exclusivement constituée de personnes morales, l’association est gérée par trois collèges représentant les mouvements de jeunesse et d’éducation populaire, les associations de sports de nature et les pouvoirs publics. La place des organismes d’État, et notamment du ministère en charge de la Jeunesse et des Sports, s’accompagne d’un soutien humain et financier conséquent.
Sueños de un imperio perdido. Sobre un plan de reconquista del Perú 1824-1832
Authors: Martínez Riaza Ascensión
Published: May 2024

La derrota de Ayacucho no sería el final. Ni el rey ni las instancias de poder en la península reconocerían la pérdida de los dominios de la América continental. Desde antes de 1824 y durante años después se desarrollaron distintos planes de reconquista. El artículo incide en uno de ellos, que tuvo su origen en el Alto Perú y en el que fueron actores principales los convencidos partidarios de los derechos de Fernando VII, Pedro Antonio de Olañeta, los hermanos Juan Manuel y Francisco Viola y Mariano Torre y Vera, y que contó con el apoyo inicial del rey, el Consejo de Ministros y el Consejo de Indias. Se sigue su desarrollo, su proyección interregional y las razones de su fracaso final.
L’expérience immersive de lecteurs allophones en contexte académique
Authors: Baroni Raphaël
Published: May 2024

Cet article se penche sur les enjeux didactiques de la lecture en immersion d’un récit littéraire en langue première (L1) et en langue seconde ou étrangère (L2). Il s’agira en particulier d’examiner la spécificité d’une lecture «au premier degré» pour des étudiants confrontés à un texte littéraire rédigé dans une langue étrangère et la manière dont les difficultés liées à l’immersion se répercutent sur les dynamiques compréhensives et interprétatives. Sur la base de données recueillies dans un cours d’introduction à la littérature française destiné à des étudiants allophones (B1), on verra que le processus de défamiliarisation associé aux objectifs des études littéraires peut prendre un tour un peu différent pour des étudiants allophones à ce stade de leur apprentissage de la langue, sans que les opérations liées à la lecture littéraire en soient fondamentalement modifiées.
Se faire son accent «comme chaque violoniste est obligé de se faire son son»: expérience poéthique de l’accent
Authors: Pahud Stéphanie
Published: May 2024

Cette contribution présente une expérience didactique proposée à des apprenants et à des apprenantes de français langue étrangère de niveau B1 pour leur faire réaliser la place et les enjeux de l’accent dans leur socialisation langagière et les aider à atteindre une prononciation confiante. Elle part de la double hypothèse suivante: tout accent est pluriel et variable; des filtres idéologiques et affectifs influencent autant la production que la perception des accents. Elle suggère que développer une poéthique de l’accent – amener les apprenants à développer une palette stylistique en matière de prononciation – leur permettrait d’exprimer leur voix au plus près de leurs désirs et dans l’acceptation de leurs vulnérabilités et, par-là, de gagner en sécurité langagière et en légitimité sociale.
Le récit d’expérience(s) comme média didactique attentionnel
Authors: Araujo Angelica , Bertrand Magali Cécile , Pahud Stéphanie
Published: May 2024

Cet article propose un exemple d’activité contribuant à une didactique des langues-cultures à la fois actionnelle (qui accompagne le développement des compétences langagières et la capacité à agir socialement) et attentionnelle: il s’agit, d’une part, de faire une place aux éthiques du care en s’assurant de créer et maintenir des liens bienveillants et de confiance, et, d’autre part, de renforcer la réflexivité, la sécurité linguistique et l’autonomie non seulement des apprenants, mais aussi des formateurs. Rendant compte de l’expérience de ces deux aspects au moyen d’une «lettre à la langue espagnole» et d’un entretien semi-dirigé, les auteures montrent que le genre biographique langagier peut être une ressource créative, mais aussi caring, basée sur une sollicitude relationnelle.
Du cours d’éducation physique à la vie quotidienne : quels sont les ressentis et les perceptions des adolescents et jeunes adultes belges francophones ?
Authors: Remacle Maurine , Raeve Robin De , Termini Anthony , Mouton Alexandre
Published: May 2024

Depuis plusieurs années, l’inactivité physique est un fléau pour la société (Organisation Mondiale de la Santé - OMS, 2022). La littérature met en évidence un déclin considérable de l’activité physique au cours de l’adolescence, surtout vers la fin de l’adolescence (Diehl et Hilger, 2016 ; Kwan et Faulkner, 2011). Néanmoins, l’école et l’enseignant d’éducation physique sont en première ligne pour encourager les jeunes à adopter un style de vie sain et actif sur le long terme (Turcotte et al. 2023). A travers une approche qualitative et grâce à la méthode de l’incident critique, cette recherche a analysé les ressentis et les perceptions de 477 élèves de l’enseignement secondaire supérieur et de 127 jeunes adultes (18-25 ans) sur la place de l’activité physique dans les écoles et sur les apports du cours d’éducation physique dans leur vie quotidienne. Les résultats ont révélé que la promotion de l’activité physique à l’école reste un sujet peu développé. De plus, les incidents critiques positifs ont pu mettre en évidence que les éléments retenus et applicables dans la vie quotidienne sont essentiellement centrés sur la pratique autonome. Cependant, les incidents critiques négatifs mettent en avant les aspects psychologiques avec une diminution de la confiance et de l’estime de soi.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Deep Learning Approach to Identify the Web-Based Attack
Authors: Chelvy Kavi , Srividhya Ch. , Swathi B. , Nagpal Amandeep , Mohammad Q.
Published: May 2024

The use of cutting-edge technologies like computerised material arrangements, artificial intelligence (AI), and the internet of things (IoT) raises the possibility of netting-located attacks in industrial manufacturing. In industrial settings, instances of cyberattacks may corrupt data, disrupt operations, and even inflict bodily injury. To identify manufacturing web-based attacks, this study proposes novel deep-learning strategies. It examines the effectiveness of deep learning models, including convolutional neural networks impacting animate nerve organ systems (CNNs or CNN), reiterating impacting animate nerve organ systems (RNNs), and change models in classifying attacks and identifying the typical attack attribute. Regarding manufacturing detection, the anticipated engineer-based structure exhibits superior performance in veracity, precision, and recall compared to conventional artificial intelligence systems and existing deep knowledge methods.
ChatGPT and Virtual Experience
Authors: Kunnumpurath Biju , Menon Vishnu Achutha , Paul Ajith
Published: May 2024

To study and assess the immersive virtual environment experience of ChatGPT on student engagement in online script writing among media students, an experiment was conducted at the VR Experiential Lab, Christ University, between September 2023 and January 2024. The media students were tasked with writing a script for a short film within a VR environment, with ChatGPT displayed using an Oculus HMD (head-mounted display). A total of 180 students were recruited for the study through purposive sampling, and experiment photos are provided in the appendix. The data collection tool utilized was the virtual experience questionnaire developed by Tcha-Tokey.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Teacher-Learner Interaction in Virtual Education
Authors: Parwani Dalima , Devnani Manju
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming online education, offering personalized learning experiences and automating administrative tasks. This chapter explores AI's impact on teacher-learner interaction, highlighting opportunities and challenges. AI enables customized instruction, real-time communication, and immersive learning experiences. Yet, a cautious approach is needed to complement human expertise. AI addresses challenges like unequal access and engages diverse learners, revolutionizing content delivery and automating tasks. By combining AI with human insight, educators can create supportive virtual learning environments.
Frank Cockett and the story of the ancient anatomical wax model of the left iliac vein compression
Authors: Zamboni Paolo
Published: May 2024

In 1988, Professor Donini organized an international phlebo-lymphology meeting at the University of Ferrara in Italy. At that time, I was a young surgical resident with the task of picking up Professor Frank Cockett at the railway station. I recognized him immediately, introduced myself and, together, we crossed the station square to my car. I asked him where he wanted to be taken, and he asked me to go to the anatomical museum of the University. We arrived just before the closure time, and Mister Cockett was intrigued and enthusiastic about an anatomical wax specimen.
Dignity
Authors: Graham R.
Published: May 2024

It is important to consider, albeit occasionally, issues, words or concepts commonly utilised in medicine. Dignity, is a word or, probably more correctly a concept that one now only occasionally encounters. Death with dignity is used in justification of euthanasia, while some arguments may claim that cloning is an affront to human dignity. Dignity is also regularly referred to in aspirational, philosophical or legal texts.
Quality Improvement: Appropriate episiotomies in a district hospital
Authors: Di Mattia I. , Hugo J.F.M.
Published: May 2024

Work satisfaction, enthusiasm and better patient care at times come from the simplest things. Quite a number of patients were coming with episiotomy dehiscene (gaping episiotomy) to the Taung Hospital. Most of them were primigravidae, on whom a routine episiotomy (according to the Hospital policy) had been performed.
Active Surveillance of ticks in peri-domestic areas of Indiana, Midwest United States
Authors: Omodior Oghenekaro , Kianersi Sina
Published: May 2024

Background & objectives: The incidence of Borreliosis, Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis and other tick-borne diseases acquired from private residential/peri-domestic areas has increased over the decades. However, tick activity and proportion of private residential properties with established tick populations remain unknown. The purpose of the current study was to determine the predictors of tick activity in peri-domestic areas.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study design, we used snowball-sampling with cold-calling techniques to collect free-living ticks, sociodemographic, and microclimatic data from June to November 2018 from a total of 96 private residential areas in south-central Indiana, USA.

Results: Thirty-eight percent of peri-domestic areas sampled had tick activity, and of these, 50% had established tick populations. Nymphal ticks were the most abundant life stage. Self-reported TBD diagnosis was 16%. Amblyomma americanum [Linnaeus (lone star tick)] was the most abundant tick species collected. Other tick species identified include: Ixodes scapularis [Say (black-legged/deer tick)] and Dermacentor variabilis [Say (American dog tick)]. Increasing temperature was positively associated with tick activity, while elevation was negatively associated with tick abundance.

Interpretation & conclusion: Our study results reveal that the proportion of peri-domestic areas in Indiana with established tick populations is high. Amblyomma americanum tick is the most predominant tick species in peri-domestic areas of south-central Indiana. Active surveillance of ticks in peri-domestic areas is necessary for informing decisions by households and communities about where to target tick exposure and tick-borne disease prevention efforts.
Vector-Borne diseases in Egypt
Authors: Eassa Safaa M , Abd El-Wahab Ekram W
Published: May 2024

Vector borne diseases (VBDs) remain one of the greatest dangers to global health. At least seven VBDs of public health concern are prevalent in Egypt, including schistosomiasis, fascioliasis, lymphatic filariasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, dengue, and Rift Valley fever. Although many of these diseases are preventable by using evidence-based protective measures, VBD expansion patterns over the past few decades pose a significant challenge for modern parasitology and tropical medicine. In their action plan, Egypt did not identify populations at risk of VBDs. Egypt intends to improve its regional and international communication to identify pathogens and infections and develop “One Health”- compliant preparedness and prevention strategies. However, cross-border collaborations are required for the control of VBDs. In this context, we provide a situational analysis and comprehensive review of the epidemiological data on Egypt’s most prevalent VBDs based on an exhaustive search of the major electronic databases and literature from 1950 to 2019. We identified the gaps in Egypt’s preparedness for vector-borne disease threats, including adaptation documents, surveillance and monitoring, environmental management, and preparations for the health system. There is a lack of implementation of an integrated vector management strategy that integrates chemical, environmental, and biological control as well as health education. This necessitates cross-sectoral coordination and community involvement to improve vector control activities and the use, storage, and disposal of pesticides.
Current status of malaria elimination in Koraput district of Odisha, India
Authors: Sahu Sudhansu Sekhar , Thankachy Sonia , Dash Smrutidhara , Panigrahi Dilip Kumar , Kumar Ashwani , Swain Kabir Kumar
Published: May 2024

Background & objectives: After launching of NFME and NSP with wide scale implementation of effective intervention tools during 2017, Odisha State of India observed a drastic reduction of malaria cases (81%) in 2018 and 88.6% in 2019, compared to 2017. The current study analysed the different factors causative for malaria reduction in Koraput district of Odisha State, India.

Methods: The vector density and malaria incidences were assessed from January 2016 to December 2019 and human blood index, bio-efficacy and use rate of LLINs were assessed after distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets. Results: The use rate of LLINs by the villagers ranged from 93.8% to 100% throughout the year. The mortality of Anopheles jeyporiensis remained 100.0% in both DuraNet and PermaNet LNs. The density of An. fluviatilis after distribution of LLINs reduced from 4.7 to 0.0 whereas, the density of An. culicifacies reduced from 12.2 to 9.3. The HBI of An. fluviatilis and An. culicifacies was 0.006 and 0.005, respectively after distribution of LLINs. The malaria incidences also drop from 14.2 to zero after distribution.

Interpretation & conclusion: A significant reduction in malaria incidences was validated and the possible reasons for the reduction are discussed.
First detection of voltage-gated sodium channel mutations in Phlebotomus argentipes collected from Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Santana R. , Kuroki Akihiro , Özbel Yusuf , Osada Yasutaka , Omachi Satoko , Shyamal Paul K. , Rahman Fashiur , Kasai Shinji , Noiri Eisei , Matsumoto Yoshitsugu , Sanjoba Chizu
Published: May 2024

Background & objectives: Phlebotomus argentipes is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh and is controlled using deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, through indoor residual spraying (IRS). A mutation at L1014 (leucine at codon 1014) of the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), known as a knockdown resistance (kdr) gene, is thought to be an important pyrethroid resistance mechanism. This study detected mutations at codon 1014, and at codons 1011, 1016, and 1020, which are kdr sites in other insects. The kdr relationship with deltamethrin resistance in P. argentipes from an IRS-targeted site in Bangladesh was also evaluated.

Methods: Sand flies were collected from Magurjora village, Mymensingh district, Bangladesh in November 2012. A WHO cone bioassay test using deltamethrin was conducted and specimens were grouped as ‘live’ or ‘dead’. After morphological identification, genomic DNA was used to genotype a partial VGSC gene from P. argentipes. The kdr/ pyrethroid resistance relationship was evaluated using Fisher’s exact test.

Results: Targeted codons were genotyped from 8 ‘live’ and 63 ‘dead’ P. argentipes. All ‘live’ specimens had mutant alleles (L1014F and L1014S) at codon 1014. The mutant allele rate was 94% for ‘live’ specimens and 55% for ‘dead’ specimens. The mutant allele survival odds were higher for the wild-type L1014L allele, and L1014F odds were lower for L1014S. There were no mutations at codons 1011, 1016, and 1020.

Interpretation & conclusion: The L1014 mutations suggested that pyrethroid resistance had appeared in Bangladesh. Further research on kdr mutations in P. argentipes is important for the appropriate IRS.
Elastic Recoil Signal on Tissue Doppler Imaging of Mitral Annulus as a Qualitative Test to Identify Left Ventricular Diastolic Function
Authors: Borde Deepak Prakash , Venkata Devarakonda Bhargava , Joshi Shreedhar , Jasapara Amish , Joshi Pooja , Asegaonkar Balaji
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is common on preoperative screening among patients undergoing surgery. There is no simple screening test at present to suspect LV diastolic dysfunction. This study was aimed to test the hypothesis, whether elastic recoil signal (ERS) on tissue Doppler imaging of mitral annulus (MA TDI) can be used as a qualitative test to differentiate patients from normal LV diastolic function versus patients with LV diastolic dysfunction.

Methods:

This was a prospective cross-sectional observational study of patients admitted for elective surgeries. Normal diastolic function and categorization of LV diastolic dysfunction into severity grades I, II, or III were performed as per the American Society of Echocardiography/ European Associationof Cardio Vascular Imaging (ASE/EACVI) recommendations for LV diastolic dysfunction.

Results:

There were 41 (61%) patients with normal LV diastolic function and 26 (39%) patients with various grades of LV diastolic dysfunction. In 38 out of 41 patients with normal LV diastolic function, the characteristic ERS was identified. The ERS was absent in all the patients with any grade of LV diastolic dysfunction. Consistency of identification of ERS on echocardiography was tested with a good interobserver variability coefficient of 0.94 (P-value <0.001). The presence of ERS demonstrated an excellent differentiation to rule out any LV diastolic dysfunction with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of 0.96 (CI 0.88–0.99; P value <0.001).

Conclusions:

To conclude, in a mixed surgical population, the anesthetist could successfully assess LV diastolic dysfunction in the preoperative period and the characteristic ERS on MA TDI signal can be used as a qualitative test to differentiate patients from normal LV diastolic function versus patients with LV diastolic dysfunction using the transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).
Factors Predicting Difficulty in Insertion of Real-Time-Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography Probe in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Kiran Molli , Gadhinglajkar Shrinivas , Sreedhar Rupa , Sukesan Subin , Pillai Vivek , Panicker Varghese
Published: May 2024

Background:

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe insertion may be associated with many complications. Demographic factors and airway conditions such as high Mallampati scores (MMC) and Cormack-Lehane grades (MCLG) are likely to have an impact on its ease of insertion. The primary aim of this study was to identify the predictive factors for difficult real-time-three-dimensional TEE probe insertion.

Methods:

A total of 153 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery were prospectively evaluated. The upper airway manipulations required for TEE probe placement were jaw thrust, reverse Sellick's maneuver, and laryngoscopy. All the patients who required airway manipulations were grouped under difficult TEE probe placement group. We evaluated the patients’ predictive factors such as demographic characteristics and factors related to difficult intubation.

Results:

Out of 153 patients, 123 were males and 30 were females. Overall, 27.5% (n = 42) patients had difficulty in probe placement. About 31.7% (n = 39) males had difficulty in TEE probe placement against 13% (n = 4) females (P-value 0.045). Difficulty in TEE probe placement was found in 72.7% (n = 16) of obese patients (body mass index [BMI] > 30), compared to 18.6% (n = 17) in the patients with BMI less than 25 (P-value < 0.001). Probe insertion was significantly more difficult in the presence of MMC III and IV (50%, n = 18) compared to class I (19.2%, n = 10) (P-value 0.001) and MCLG III (73.3%, n = 22) compared to grade I (11.1%, n = 7) (P-value 0.001).

Conclusion:

Male gender, obesity, higher grades of MMC and MCLG were found to be the risk factors for difficult TEE probe placement in anesthetized patients.
Validation in Indonesia of Two Published Scores for Mortality Prediction after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Widyastuti Yunita , Boom Cindy E. , Parmana I Made A. , Kurniawaty Juni , Jufan Akhmad Y. , Hanafy Dudy A. , Videm Vibeke
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

No mortality risk prediction model has previously been validated for cardiac surgery in Indonesia. This study aimed at validating the EuroSCORE II and Age Creatinine Ejection Fraction (ACEF) score as predictors for in-hospital mortality after cardiac surgery a in tertiary center, and if necessary, to recalibrate the EuroSCORE II model to our population.

Methods:

This study was a single-center observational study from prospectively collected data on adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery from January 2006 to December 2011 (n = 1833). EuroSCORE II and ACEF scores were calculated for all patients to predict in-hospital mortality. Discrimination was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) with a 95% confidence interval. Calibration was assessed with the Hosmer–Lemeshow test (HL test). Multivariable analysis was performed to recalibrate the EuroSCORE II; variables with P < 0.2 entered the final model.

Results:

The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.8%, which was underestimated by the EuroSCORE II (2.1%) and the ACEF score (2.4%). EuroSCORE II (AUC 0.774 (0.714–0.834)) showed good discrimination, whereas the ACEF score (AUC 0.638 [0.561–0.718]) showed poor discrimination. The differences in AUC were significant (P = 0.002). Both scores were poorly calibrated (EuroSCORE II: HL test P < 0.001, ACEF score: HL test P < 0.001) and underestimated mortality in all risk groups. After recalibration, EuroSCORE II showed good discrimination (AUC 0.776 [0.714– 0.840]) and calibration (HL test P = 0.79).

Conclusions:

EuroSCORE II and the ACEF score were unsuitable for risk prediction of in-hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in our center. Following recalibration, the calibration of the EuroSCORE II was greatly improved.