bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary supplementation with N-carbamylglycinate (CGly) improved feed source proline absorption and reproductive performance in sows
Authors: Wan Dan , Li YiKun , Li GuanYa , Wu Xin , Zhang DongMing , Shu XuGang
Published: February 2020

Maternal dietary supplementation of N-carbamylglycinate (CGly) in late gestation sow is effective for improving their litter birth weights and sows’ glycine and proline profiles.
Activation of AMPK/Sirt3 pathway by phloretin reduces mitochondrial ROS in vascular endothelium by increasing the activity of MnSOD via deacetylation
Authors: Han Lin , Li Jie , Li Jia , Pan Chuaying , Xiao Yao , Lan Xianyong , Wang Min
Published: February 2020

As a dihydrochalcone, phloretin was reported to effectively attenuate palmitic acid (PA)-induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells.
Protein corona formation of human serum albumin with carbon quantum dots from roast salmon
Authors: Song Yukun , Wang Haitao , Zhang Lijuan , Lai Bin , Liu Kangjing , Tan Mingqian
Published: February 2020

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) extracted from roast salmon could interact with human serum albumin (HSA) to form protein coronas, changing their biological identity.
Relationship between the structure and catalytic performance of MoS2 with different surfactant-assisted syntheses in the hydrodesulfurization reaction of 4,6-DMDBT
Authors: Chu Suya , Zhou Weixia , Zhang Chenyang , Zheng Yi , Liu Yang , Liu Yongjun
Published: February 2020

Surfactants are important factors in the hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2 with different morphologies.
The application of quality by design in the development of the liquid chromatography method to determine empagliflozin in the presence of its organic impurities
Authors: Manoel Joanna Wittckind , Primieri Gabriele Bordignon , Bueno Lívia Maronesi , Wingert Nathalie Ribeiro , Volpato Nádia Maria , Garcia Cássia Virginia , Scherman Schapoval Elfrides Eva , Steppe Martin
Published: February 2020

Analysis of impurities is an important step in the quality control of pharmaceutical ingredients and final products.
Effect of structural factors on the physicochemical properties of functionalized polyanilines
Authors: Andriianova Anastasiia N. , Biglova Yuliya N. , Mustafin Akhat G.
Published: February 2020

The review describes the relationship between the properties of functionalized polyanilines depending on the nature of the substituents at the aromatic ring.
Carbonization of cellulose cell wall evaluated with ultraviolet microscopy
Authors: Nomura Takashi , Minami Eiji , Kawamoto Haruo
Published: February 2020

This is the first study of cellulose carbonization in the interior of cell walls.
Resonant energy transfer and light scattering enhancement of plasmonic random lasers embedded with silver nanoplates
Authors: Hsiao Jia-Huei , Chen Shih-Wen , Hung Bing-Yi , Uma Kasimayan , Chen Wei-Cheng , Kuo Chi-Ching , Lin Ja-Hon
Published: February 2020

The resonant energy transfer enhancement from a plasmonic random laser has been investigated by means of a dye-covered PVA film embedded with silver nanoplates with different sizes and morphologies.
Amino acid sequences characterization and anti-inflammatory potency evaluation ofPortulaca oleraceaL. oligopeptides in macrophages
Authors: Chang Shihui , Wang Liping , Zhang Ting , Nie Yan , Liu Ruijie , Ma Lihua
Published: February 2020

POP-1 performed excellent anti-inflammatory potency by attenuating the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α, NO, IL-1β); inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 expressions and regulating the MAPK, PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways.
Multidimensional structure of CoNi2S4 materials: structural regulation promoted electrochemical performance in a supercapacitor
Authors: Han Yue , Sun Shishuai , Cui Wen , Deng Jiachun
Published: February 2020

Multidimensional architectures of CoNi2S4 electrode materials are rationally designed by engineering the surface structure toward that of high-performance supercapacitors.
Proof of concept for poor inhibitor binding and efficient formation of covalent adducts of KRASG12Cand ARS compounds
Authors: Khrenova Maria G. , Kulakova Anna M. , Nemukhin Alexander V.
Published: February 2020

Comprehensive molecular modeling and kinetic analysis reveal a novel mechanism of the inhibition of the oncogenic mutant of the “undruggable” KRAS protein.
σ-Bond initiated generation of aryl radicals from aryl diazonium salts
Authors: Tatunashvili Elene , Chan Bun , Nashar Philippe E. , McErlean Christopher S. P.
Published: February 2020

Hantzsch esters and oxygen convert diazonium salts into aryl radicals, enabling rapid radical reactions to be performed in open flasks at room temperature.
Enhanced piezo-photocatalytic performance by piezoelectric and visible light photoexcitation coupling through piezoelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 micron crystals
Authors: Zhang Renjie , Wu Xinyan , Li Yanqiang , Shao Weiquan , Zhang Yongcheng , Liu Zhu , Nie Jiangwu , Tan Jinshan , Ye Wanneng
Published: February 2020

The Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 with wide band gap exhibits high degradation rate for RhB under ultrasonic vibration and visible light irradiation.
Understanding and controlling the efficiency of Au24M(SR)18nanoclusters as singlet-oxygen photosensitizers
Authors: Agrachev Mikhail , Fei Wenwen , Antonello Sabrina , Bonacchi Sara , Dainese Tiziano , Zoleo Alfonso , Ruzzi Marco , Maran Flavio
Published: February 2020

Atomically precise Au24M(SR)18clusters were used as singlet-oxygen photosensitizers. Comprehensive kinetic analysis provided insights into the mechanism and driving-force dependence of the quenching of1O2by gold nanoclusters.
Enhancement of linearity and constancy of PMU‐based voltage stability index: application to a Korean wide‐area monitoring system
Authors: Jung Jaeyeop , Cho Hwanhee , Park Bohyun , Nam Suchul , Hur Kyeon , Lee Byongjun
Published: February 2020

This study presents a new wide‐area voltage stability monitoring method using synchronised phasor measurements. The salient features of the proposed index are the following: (i) It ensures constancy, which is the ability to maintain the same scale even if the system changes. (ii) It is pseudo‐linear with respect to the power system stability level, which enhances intuitiveness for real‐time operation. Accordingly, stability can be uniformly compared in various situations, and thus, the index can be used as a solid criterion or threshold point for system operation. A verification study of the proposed index with regard to constancy is carried out using Korean power system operation data. Furthermore, an implementation of the proposed method for the Korean wide‐area monitoring system is presented, and it is demonstrated that the proposed index detects event more clearly than previous stability index through an actual event measured using phasor measurement units.
3D magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of stellar convective noise for improved exoplanet detection
Authors: Sulis S. , Mary D. , Bigot L.
Published: February 2020

Context.Convective motions at the stellar surface generate a stochastic colored noise source in the radial velocity (RV) data. This noise impedes the detection of small exoplanets. Moreover, the unknown statistics (amplitude, distribution) related to this noise make it difficult to estimate the false alarm probability (FAP) for exoplanet detection tests.

Aims.In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using 3D magneto-hydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of stellar convection to design detection methods that can provide both a reliable estimate of the FAP and a high detection power.

Methods.We tested the realism of 3D simulations in producing solar RV by comparing them with the observed disk integrated velocities taken by the GOLF instrument on board the SOHO spacecraft. We presented a new detection method based on periodograms standardized by these simulated time series, applying several detection tests to these standarized periodograms.

Results.The power spectral density of the 3D synthetic convective noise is consistent with solar RV observations for short periods. For regularly sampled observations, the analytic expressions of FAP derived for several statistical tests applied to the periodogram standardized by 3D simulation noise are accurate. The adaptive tests considered in this work (Higher-Criticism, Berk-Jones), which are new in the exoplanet field, may offer better detection performance than classical tests (based on the highest periodogram value) in the case of multi-planetary systems and planets with eccentric orbits.

Conclusions.3D MHD simulations are now mature enough to produce reliable synthetic time series of the convective noise affecting RV data. These series can be used to access to the statistics of this noise and derive accurate FAP of tests that are a critical element in the detection of exoplanets down to the cm s−1level.
Veränderungen des Ernährungsstatus geriatrischer PatientInnen während der stationären Krankenhausbehandlung
Authors: Graeb Fabian , Wientjens Renate , Wolke Reinhold , Essig Gundula
Published: February 2020

Hintergrund Im vom BMBF finanzierten Forschungsprojekt „Entwicklung, Umsetzung und Evaluation eines Konzepts zur Prävention und Behandlung von Mangelernährung bei geriatrischen Patienten im Krankenhaus“ sollen interdisziplinäre Praxiskonzepte mithilfe eines Vorher-Nachher-Designs evaluiert werden.

Material und Methodik Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine erste Analyse von Veränderungen des Ernährungsstatus von PflegeheimbewohnerInnen mit mindestens 3-tägige stationären Krankenhausaufenthalt vor Konzeptentwicklung. Hierfür wurden Routinedaten von 2 großen Altenhilfeträgern herangezogen und insgesamt 1899 Fälle eingeschlossen.

Ergebnisse 38 % (n = 721) der Fälle sind bereits bei Aufnahme mangelernährt, nach Klinikaufenthalt 48,6 % (n = 784). Der mittlere BMI sinkt von 25,0 kg/m2 (SD ± 5,3) auf 24,5 kg/m2 (SD ± 5,1), wobei 19,3 % (n = 276) zwischen 5 % und 10 % ihres Körpergewichts verlieren und 9,4 % (n = 134) ≥ 10 %. PatientInnen mit Mangelernährung weisen bei Entlassung eine um 3,09 Tage längere Verweildauer auf (p < 0,001). Eine Mangelernährung bei Einweisung ist mit einem signifikant höheren Pflegegrad (Differenz = 0,18; p = 0,002), einer höheren Anzahl an Stürzen (Differenz = 0,45; p < 0,001) sowie einem häufigeren Versterben in der Klinik (p < 0,001; r = 0,120) und den nachfolgenden 6 Monate (p < 0,001; r = 0,200) assoziiert. Ein geringeres Risiko für eine Mangelernährung bei Entlassung ist assoziiert mit dem männlichen Geschlecht (OR = 0,671; p = 0,003), einem höheren BMI vor dem Klinikaufenthalt (OR = 0,887; p < 0,001), der Einweisungsdiagnosegruppe psychische und Verhaltensstörungen (OR = 0,306; p = 0,008) und Erkrankungen der Schilddrüse in den Nebendiagnosen (OR = 0,707; p = 0,02). Ein längerer Klinikaufenthalt (OR = 1,067; p < 0,001) geht dagegen mit einem höheren Risiko für eine Mangelernährung einher.

Schlussfolgerung Ein akut-stationärer Aufenthalt zeigt signifikante Auswirkungen auf den Ernährungsstatus. Aufgrund der Zusammenhänge von Mangelernährung und steigender Mortalität ist es notwendig, das klinische Ernährungsmanagement mithilfe von Praxiskonzepten zu optimieren.
Methoden der Kostenberechnung von Arzneimitteln im deutschen Gesundheitssystem: Bericht der Arbeitsgruppe „Standardkosten“ des Ausschusses „ökonomische Evaluation“ der dggö
Authors: Schwalm A , Neusser S , Mostardt S , Kunigkeit C , Biermann-Stallwitz J , Wasem J , Neumann A
Published: February 2020

Zielsetzung Die gesetzlichen Regelungen zur Erstattung und Abrechnung von Arzneimitteln sind sehr komplex, sodass die Bestimmung der Arzneimittelkosten im Rahmen von gesundheitsökonomischen Evaluationen oft unterschiedlich gehandhabt wird. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, ein mögliches methodisches Vorgehen zur Kostenbestimmung von Arzneimitteln in Deutschland für gesundheitsökonomische Evaluationen zu beschreiben.

Methoden Die Darstellung erfolgt primär aus der Perspektive der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung und orientiert sich an den allgemeinen Schritten zur Kostenbestimmung: Ressourcenidentifikation, Bestimmung des Mengen- und Preisgerüsts, Aggregation. Dabei sollen neben Besonderheiten im deutschen Kontext auch verschiedene Datenquellen Berücksichtigung finden.

Ergebnisse Für die Kostenbestimmung sind insbesondere der Zulassungsstatus und die Erstattungsfähigkeit der Arzneimittel zu berücksichtigen. Zur Erfassung des Ressourcenverbrauchs sind Angaben zur Dosierung (Menge und Häufigkeit) und zur Behandlungsdauer erforderlich. Als eine Grundlage für die Bewertung des Ressourcenverbrauchs gilt der Apothekenabgabepreis und – sofern vorhanden – Festbeträge. Um die Kosten für verschreibungspflichtige Arzneimittel zu berechnen, sind spezifische gesetzliche Regelungen zu Rabatten und Zuzahlungen zu berücksichtigen.

Schlussfolgerung Trotz der Bemühungen um eine Standardisierung sind weiterhin Limitationen im Bereich der Kostenermittlung von Arzneimitteln vorhanden. Unsicherheiten ergeben sich insbesondere aufgrund der Nichtberücksichtigung von kassenindividuellen Rabattverträgen, da diese nicht öffentlich zugänglich sind. Auch unter Berücksichtigung der dargelegten Limitationen soll die vorliegende Arbeit einen Beitrag zu einer Verbesserung der Konsistenz der Kostenermittlung und Vergleichbarkeit von Arzneimittelkosten im Rahmen gesundheitsökonomischer Evaluationen leisten und somit den Prozess einer rationalen Entscheidungsfindung befördern.
Standardisierte Kostenberechnungen im deutschen Gesundheitswesen: Bericht der Arbeitsgruppe „Standardkosten“ des Ausschusses „ökonomische Evaluation“ der dggö
Authors: Scholz Stefan , Biermann-Stallwitz Janine , Brettschneider Christian , Damm Oliver , Freytag Antje , Greiner Wolfgang , Icks Andrea , König Hans-Helmut , Krauth Christian , Kuhlmann Alexander , Kunigkeit Christopher , Montalbo Joseph , Mostardt Sarah , Mühlbacher Axel , Neumann Anja , Neusser Silke , Plagemann Thomas , Schwalm Anja , Ultsch Bernhard , Wasem Jürgen , Witte Julian
Published: February 2020

Hintergrund und Zielsetzung Kostenberechnungen sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil gesundheitsökonomischer Evaluationen, weisen jedoch für den deutschen Versorgungskontext teilweise große Unterschiede im methodischen Vorgehen auf. Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Artikelserie ist es, einen konsentierten Vorschlag zu den Vorgehensweisen der Kostenberechnungen in verschiedenen Versorgungssektoren zu präsentieren und mit diesem einführenden Artikel allgemeine, Sektoren-unspezifische Aspekte in der Durchführung von Kostenberechnungen zu beschreiben.

Methodik In der Arbeitsgruppe „Standardkosten“ des Ausschusses „Ökonomische Evaluation und Entscheidungsfindung“ haben sich Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler von Universitäten und Entscheidungsträgern im Gesundheitswesen zusammengeschlossen, um die bestehenden Probleme bei Kostenberechnungen im Rahmen gesundheitsökonomischer Forschungen zu diskutieren und ein einheitliches Vorgehen zu erarbeiten. Zur Entwicklung der Empfehlungen fanden drei Arbeitstreffen sowie weitere Telefonkonferenzen statt. Die vorläufigen Ergebnisse wurden auf der 11. Jahrestagung der dggö der Fachöffentlichkeit vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse Im vorliegenden ersten Artikel einer zunächst fünf Artikel umfassenden Serie werden grundsätzliche Themen der Perspektivwahl, des Preis-Mengengerüstes, der Studienarten, der Kostenkomponenten, der Datenquellen, der Anpassung von Kostendaten über die Zeit oder über Ländergrenzen hinweg sowie der Umgang mit Unsicherheit behandelt und Empfehlungen zu diesen Themen gegeben. Des Weiteren wird die Gliederung von später folgenden vier Artikeln zu den Berechnungsmethoden in einzelnen Versorgungssektoren beschrieben.
Simulation of the dynamic flow field in the left ventricle of the heart during diastolic filling
Authors: Adu Jianhua , Yin Lixue , Zhang Hongmei , Xie Shenghua , Lu Jing
Published: February 2020

Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems in modeling flexible structures and moving boundaries can be simulated by combining the immersed boundary (IB) method and the Lattice–Boltzmann (LB) method. In this paper, we propose an FSI model of mitral valve leaflets and the left ventricle to simulate the flow field in the left ventricle during diastolic filling based on an IB–LB coupling scheme. Changes in the flow field and mitral valve leaflets in the FSI model are simulated with the IB–LB method, in which two arc-shaped flexible fibers simulate mitral valve leaflets immersed in the flow field. At the same time, a semi-elliptical model is used to simulate the left ventricle, which is simplified as a rigid boundary. The LB method is used to solve the Newtonian flow field, and the IB method is used to simulate the deformation of the flexible fiber interacting with the flow. In this paper, we introduce the basic principles underlying the combination of the LB and the IB methods and elucidate the coupling frame and the left ventricular flow model in detail. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the coupled models by simulating the effects of diastolic jet flow on the motion of the mitral leaflets in the simplified left ventricular flow model.
Study of size-related sensitivity of surface acoustic wave sensor towards particulate matter sized particles using finite element and experimental methods
Authors: Yang Jian , Lu Jianan
Published: February 2020

To investigate the potential of using a surface acoustic wave sensor to measure both particulate matter (PM) concentration and size distribution, a forced-vibration model of a coupled particle–SAW system with interfacial excitation was built using the finite element method. The model shows different behaviors of the coupled vibration between mass loading and elastic loading regimes. The calculation of the frequency change of a 260 MHz SAW perturbed by different sized starch particles in the elastic regime is in agreement with our previous experiment, proving the validity of the model. The impact of different parameters, including the particle size, contact size, and material, on the particle–SAW interaction was investigated for understanding the perturbation mechanism of real particles. Wheat flour and talcum powder particles were measured by SAW experimentally, resulting in positive and negative frequency change, respectively. The experiment shows that SAW has different sensitivities toward particles with different size distributions and morphologies. The size-related sensitivity property of SAW could be used for building an instrument that is capable of monitoring both PM concentration and size distribution.
Functional and transcriptomic analysis of extracellular vesicles identifies calprotectin as a new prognostic marker in peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
Authors: Saenz‐Pipaon Goren , San Martín Patxi , Planell Núria , Maillo Alberto , Ravassa Susana , Vilas‐Zornoza Amaia , Martinez‐Aguilar Esther , Rodriguez José Antonio , Alameda Daniel , Lara‐Astiaso David , Prosper Felipe , Paramo José Antonio , Orbe Josune , Gomez‐Cabrero David , Roncal Carmen
Published: February 2020

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events and death and is postulated to be a critical socioeconomic cost in the future. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential candidates for new biomarker discovery related to their protein and nucleic acid cargo. In search of new prognostic and therapeutic targets in PAD, we determined the prothrombotic activity, the cellular origin and the transcriptomic profile of circulating EVs. This prospective study included control and PAD patients. Coagulation time (Procoag‐PPL kit), EVs cellular origin and phosphatidylserine exposure were determined by flow cytometry in platelet‐free plasma (n = 45 PAD). Transcriptomic profiles of medium/large EVs were generated using the MARS‐Seq RNA‐Seq protocol (n = 12/group). The serum concentration of the differentially expressed gene S100A9, in serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9), was validated by ELISA in control (n = 100) and PAD patients (n = 317). S100A9 was also determined in EVs and tissues of human atherosclerotic plaques (n = 3). Circulating EVs of PAD patients were mainly of platelet origin, predominantly Annexin V positive and were associated with the procoagulant activity of platelet‐free plasma. Transcriptomic analysis of EVs identified 15 differentially expressed genes. Among them, serum calprotectin was elevated in PAD patients (p < 0.05) and associated with increased amputation risk before and after covariate adjustment (mean follow‐up 3.6 years, p < 0.01). The combination of calprotectin with hs‐CRP in the multivariate analysis further improved risk stratification (p < 0.01). Furthermore, S100A9 was also expressed in femoral plaque derived EVs and tissues. In summary, we found that PAD patients release EVs, mainly of platelet origin, highly positive for AnnexinV and rich in transcripts related to platelet biology and immune responses. Amputation risk prediction improved with calprotectin and was significantly higher when combined with hs‐CRP. Our results suggest that EVs can be a promising component of liquid biopsy to identify the molecular signature of PAD patients.
Time-resolved endogenous chlorophyll fluorescence sensitivity to pH: study on Chlorella sp. algae
Authors: Marcek Chorvatova A , Uherek M , Mateasik A , Chorvat D
Published: February 2020

To better understand pH-dependence of endogenous fluorescence of algae, we employed spectroscopy and microscopy methods, including advanced time-resolved fluorescence imaging microscopy (FLIM), using green algae Chlorella sp. as a model system. Absorption spectra confirmed two peaks, at 400–420 nm and 670 nm. Emission was maximal at 680 nm, with smaller peaks between 520 and 540 nm. Acidification led to a gradual decrease in the red fluorescence intensity with the maximum at 680 nm when excited by 450 nm laser. FLIM measurements, performed using 475 nm picoseconds excitation, uncovered that this effect is accompanied by a shortening of the tau1 fluorescence lifetime. Under severe acidification, we also noted an increase in the green fluorescence with a maximum between 520–540 nm and a shift toward 690–700 nm of the red fluorescence, accompanied by prolongation of the tau2 fluorescence lifetime. Gathered data increase our knowledge on the responsiveness of algae to acidification and indicate that endogenous fluorescence derived from chlorophylls can potentially serve as a biosensing tool for monitoring pH change in its natural environment.
Why do people not switch insurer in a market-based health insurance market? Empirical evidence from the Netherlands
Authors: van der Schors Wouter , Brabers Anne E M , de Jong Judith D
Published: February 2020

Background

In market-based systems, the possibility to switch is an important precondition for a well-functioning health insurance market. To assess whether such a market works as intended, insight into the considerations and perceived barriers of insured is needed. This study examines the rates and reasons for not switching health insurer in the Netherlands, and whether these reasons differ between the general population and the population of people with a chronic illness.

Methods

We made use of survey data collected in 2017 among two panels representing the general population (n = 659, response 44%) and the chronically ill population (n = 1593, response 86%).

Results

We found differences regarding the reasons for not switching insurer. The chronically ill population seems to attach more importance to reasons related to the coverage of the health plan, whereas the general population is more focused on the level of service. Some people who considered switching experienced barriers, however, these barriers were not significantly more experienced by the chronically ill population.

Conclusions

This study reveals differences between the general population and the chronically ill population when examining reasons for not switching related to quality and coverage. A subset from the people who initially considered to switch experienced barriers which might have altered their decision. Further research is recommended to include questions about information search behaviour to examine which consumers make an informed decision for not switching, and for whom barriers limit switching.
Cessation behaviours among smokers of menthol and flavoured cigarettes following the implementation of the EU Tobacco Products Directive: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Authors: Zatoński Mateusz , Herbeć Aleksandra , Zatoński Witold , Janik-Koncewicz Kinga , Driezen Pete , Demjén Tibor , Fernández Esteve , Fong Geoffrey T , Quah Anne C K , Kyriakos Christina N , McNeill Ann , Willemsen Marc , Mons Ute , Tountas Yannis , Trofor Antigona C , Vardavas Constantine I , Przewoźniak Krzysztof ,   the EUREST-PLUS Consortium, Vardavas Constantine I , Glahn Andrea , Kyriakos Christina N , Nguyen Dominick , Nikitara Katerina , Radu-Loghin Cornel , Starchenko Polina , Tsatsakis Aristidis , Girvalaki Charis , Igoumenaki Chryssi , Papadakis Sophia , Papathanasaki Aikaterini , Tzatzarakis Manolis , Vardavas Alexander I , Bécuwe Nicolas , Deaconu Lavinia , Goudet Sophie , Hanley Christopher , Rivière Oscar , Demjén Tibor , Kiss Judit , Kovacs Anna Piroska , Fernández Esteve , Castellano Yolanda , Fu Marcela , Nogueira Sarah O , Tigova Olena , McNeill Ann , East Katherine , Hitchman Sara C , Mons Ute , Kahnert Sarah , Tountas Yannis , Behrakis Panagiotis , Filippidis Filippos T , Gratziou Christina , Katsaounou Paraskevi , Peleki Theodosia , Petroulia Ioanna , Tzavara Chara , Trofor Antigona Carmen , Eremia Marius , Lotrean Lucia , Mihaltan Florin , Rohde Gernot , Asano Tamaki , Cichon Claudia , Far Amy , Genton Céline , Jessner Melanie , Hedman Linnea , Janson Christer , Lindberg Ann , Maguire Beth , Ravara Sofia , Vaccaro Valérie , Ward Brian , Willemsen Marc , de Vries Hein , Hummel Karin , Nagelhout Gera E , Zatoński Witold A , Herbeć Aleksandra , Janik-Koncewicz Kinga , Przewoźniak Krzysztof , Zatoński Mateusz , Fong Geoffrey T , Agar Thomas K , Driezen Pete , Gravely Shannon , Quah Anne C K , Thompson Mary E
Published: February 2020

The European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) introduced a ban on characterizing flavours in cigarettes (2016), including menthol (2020). The longitudinal data analysis of the EUREST-PLUS International Tobacco Control (ITC) Project Europe Surveys (n = 16 534; Wave 1 in 2016 and Wave 2 in 2018) found significant but small declines in the weighted prevalence of menthol (by 0.94%; P = 0.041) and other flavoured cigarette use (by 1.32%; P < 0.001) following the 2016 TPD. The declines tended to be driven primarily by the menthol and flavoured cigarette (MFC) smokers switching to unflavoured tobacco. Cigarette consumption declined between waves, but there were no statistically significant difference in decline between MFC and unflavoured tobacco smokers on smoking and cessation behaviours between the waves.
Exploring Care Through Alan Bennett’s The Lady in the Van: Extending Meanings, Encountering Otherness
Authors: Oró-Piqueras Maricel , Casado-Gual Núria
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives

This article explores care relationships as they are represented within “The Lady in the Van,” a sequence of interconnected texts by English writer Alan Bennett.

Research and Methods

By mainly taking the memoirs and film of the same title as primary sources, and in the light of key concepts related to care theory and aging studies, the article shows the extent to which Bennett goes beyond the accustomed portrayal of domestic relationships of care by placing himself as the protagonist of a narrative—and a relationship—in which caring for and about a complete stranger entails coming to terms with both social and personal issues.

Discussion

The article examines the ways in which the relationship of care portrayed by Bennett entails exploring forms of Otherness that both caring and aging unveil, which are related to age, gender, and sexuality, and that in Bennett’s narrative end up favoring a dialogue of which the author himself is the main beneficiary.
Clinical Immunoassay for Human Hepcidin Predicts Iron Deficiency in First-Time Blood Donors
Authors: Gutschow Patrick , Han Huiling , Olbina Gordana , Westerman Keith , Nemeth Elizabeta , Ganz Tomas , Copeland Karen , Westerman Mark , Ostland Vaughn
Published: February 2020

Background

Serum markers currently used as indicators of iron status have clinical limitations. Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, is reduced in iron deficiency (ID) and increased in iron overload. We describe the first CLIA-validated immunoassay with excellent accuracy and precision to quantify human serum hepcidin. Its diagnostic utility for detecting ID in first-time blood donors was demonstrated.

Methods

A monoclonal competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) was developed for the quantitation of human hepcidin and validated according to CLIA guidelines. Sera from nonanemic first-time blood donors (n = 292) were analyzed for hepcidin, ferritin, transferrin, and serum iron. Logistic regression served to determine the utility of hepcidin as a predictor of ID.

Results

The C-ELISA was specific for human hepcidin and had a low limit of quantitation (4.0 ng/mL). The hepcidin concentration measured with the monoclonal C-ELISA was strongly correlated with a previously established, extensively tested polyclonal C-ELISA (Blood 2008;112:4292–7) (r = 0.95, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for hepcidin as a predictor of ID, defined by 3 ferritin concentration thresholds, was >0.9. For predicting ID defined by ferritin <15 ng/mL, hepcidin <10 ng/mL yielded sensitivity of 93.1% and specificity of 85.5%, whereas the same hepcidin cutoff for ferritin <30 ng/mL yielded sensitivity of 67.6% and specificity of 91.7%.

Conclusion

The clinical measurement of serum hepcidin concentrations was shown to be a potentially useful tool for diagnosing ID.
Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Susceptibility to Neuroblastoma
Authors: Chang Xiao , Bakay Marina , Liu Yichuan , Glessner Joseph , Rathi Komal S , Hou Cuiping , Qu Huiqi , Vaksman Zalman , Nguyen Kenny , Sleiman Patrick M A , Diskin Sharon J , Maris John M , Hakonarson Hakon
Published: February 2020

Background

Neuroblastoma is a childhood malignancy that arises from the developing sympathetic nervous system. Although mitochondrial dysfunctions have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuroblastoma, the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has not been extensively investigated.

Methods

A total of 2404 Caucasian children diagnosed with neuroblastoma and 9310 ancestry-matched controls were recruited at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. The mtDNA haplogroups were identified from SNP array data of two independent cohorts. We conducted a case-control study to explore potential associations of mtDNA haplogroups with the susceptibility of neuroblastoma. The genetic effect of neuroblastoma was measured by odds ratios (ORs) of mitochondrial haplogroups. All tests were two-sided.

Results

Haplogroup K was statistically significantly associated with reduced risk of neuroblastoma in the discovery cohort consisting of 1474 cases and 5699 controls (OR = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57 to 0.90; P = 4.8 × 10-3). The association was replicated in an independent cohort (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.92; P = .01) of 930 cases and 3611 controls. Pooled analysis was performed by combining the two data sets. The association remained highly statistically significant after correction for multiple testing (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.84, P = 1.96 × 10-4, Pcorrected = .002). Further analysis focusing on neuroblastoma subtypes indicated haplogroup K was more associated with high-risk neuroblastoma (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.76; P = 1.46 × 10–4) than low-risk and intermediate-risk neuroblastoma.

Conclusions

Haplogroup K is an independent genetic factor associated with reduced risk of developing neuroblastoma in European descents. These findings provide new insights into the genetic basis of neuroblastoma, implicating mitochondrial DNA encoded proteins in the etiology of neuroblastoma.
Knockdown of GmVQ58 encoding a VQ motif-containing protein enhances soybean resistance to the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius)
Authors: Li Xiao , Qin Rui , Du Qing , Cai Linyan , Hu Dezhou , Du Haiping , Yang Hui , Wang Jiao , Huang Fang , Wang Hui , Yu Deyue
Published: February 2020

Plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms to withstand insect attack. Identification of plant endogenous insect resistance genes is of great significance for understanding plant–herbivore interactions and improving crop insect resistance. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop that is often attacked by the common cutworm (CCW) (Spodoptera litura Fabricius). In this study, based on our transcriptomic data, the gene GmVQ58, encoding a FxxxVQxxTG (VQ) motif-containing protein, was cloned and characterized. This gene showed the highest expression in the leaves and roots and was up-regulated significantly after CCW attack. Constitutive expression of GmVQ58 rescued the susceptibility of an Arabidopsis mutant to CCW, and interference of GmVQ58 in soybean hairy roots enhanced the resistance to CCW. Furthermore, GmVQ58 was localized to the nucleus and physically interacted with the transcription factor GmWRKY32. The expression of two defense-related genes, GmN:IFR and GmVSPβ, was up-regulated in GmVQ58-RNAi lines. Additionally, the promoter region of GmVQ58 was likely selected during domestication, resulting in different expression patterns in cultivated soybeans relative to wild soybeans. These results suggest that silencing GmVQ58 confers soybean resistance to CCW.
Citational politics: Quantifying the influence of gender on citation in Digital Scholarship in the Humanities
Authors: Earhart Amy E , Risam Roopika , Bruno Matthew
Published: February 2020

Using citation analysis, we consider the role of gender in citation practices in conference special issues of Digital Scholarship in the Humanities. Our examination of citations in Digital Humanities conference special issues from 2006 to 2015 demonstrates gender bias in citational practices. This bias is consistent with broader trends in citational politics across the academy more broadly but is a threat to equity and justice within the scholarly community. We further offer proposals for improving citational practices to resist gender bias. Quantifying the impact of gender on citations, we argue, is one approach to understanding gender inequalities within digital humanities communities and to generating solutions to promote the broadest representation of digital humanities scholarship in scholarly communications.
Intravenous and Intraosseous Blood Transfusion With Three Different Pediatric Pressure Transfusion Strategies in an Immature Swine (Sus scrofa) Model of Hemorrhagic Shock: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bianchi William , George Taylor , McEvoy Christian , Piehl Mark , Manzano Ana , Boboc Michael , Zarow Gregory J , Natarajan Ramesh , Gaspary Micah J , Auten Jonathan , Roszko Paul J D
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Exsanguination remains the leading cause of preventable death in military conflicts, and pediatric casualties are common. Transfusion is crucial to preserve life, but vascular access is challenging in children, so intraosseous (IO) access is often required. However, the optimal transfusion method is unclear. There was therefore the need for feasibility testing of a model for contrasting the efficacy of blood infusion devices via intravenous (IV) and IO access in immature swine with bone densities similar to children.

Materials and Methods

Eighteen immature swine (21 ± 1 kg) were bled 31% of estimated blood volume and then received autologous blood delivered by pressure bag, push-pull (PP), or LifeFlow Rapid Infuser via IO (15-gauge IO needle placed in the humeral head) or IV (auricular 20-gauge), with monitoring for 60 minutes.

Results

Flow rates for LifeFlow (172 ± 28 mL/kg) were 4-fold higher than pressure bag (44 ± 13 mL/kg, P < 0.001) and 80% higher than PP (95 ± 28 mL/kg, P < 0.02). However, higher hemolysis was evident in the IV LifeFlow condition, with 6-fold more plasma-free hemoglobin than other conditions (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

IV LifeFlow conferred higher flows, but higher hemolysis in this pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of an immature swine model toward determining optimal methods for resuscitating children with hemorrhagic shock.
Low Incidence of Death and Renal Failure in United States Military Service Members Hospitalized with Exertional Heat Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Donham Benjamin P , Frankfurt Sheila B , Cartier Rudolph A , O’Hara Sean M , Sieg Vanessa C
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The goal of the current study was to characterize the rate and estimate associated mortality and morbidity of exertional heat stroke (EHS) in U.S. military service members.

Materials and Methods

The current study was a retrospective cohort medical chart review study of all active-duty U.S. military service members, hospitalized with EHS at any MTF in the world between January1, 2007 and July 1, 2014. Enrolled patients were identified by altered mental status and elevated temperatures associated with physical exercise.

Results

Out of 607 service members with an International Classification of Disease code indicating any type of heat injury, 48 service members met inclusion criteria for EHS. Core temperature was M = 105.8°F (41°C), standard deviation = 1.43, 90% were diagnosed with EHS prior to hospitalization, and 71% received prehospital cooling. Meantime to normothermia post-hospitalization was 56 minutes (standard deviation = 79.28). Acute kidney injury was diagnosed in 40% of patients although none developed hyperkalemia or required dialysis. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was rare (4%, n = 2) and overall observed mortality was very low (2%, n = 1).

Conclusion

EHS is aggressively identified and treated in U.S. Military Treatment Facilities. Mortality and morbidity were strikingly low.
Predicting and Planning for Musculoskeletal Service-Connected Disabilities in VA Using Disability for Active Duty OEF/OIF Military Service Members
Authors: Gundlapalli Adi V , Redd Andrew M , Suo Ying , Pettey Warren B P , Brignone Emily , Chin David L , Walker Lauren E , Poltavskiy Eduard A , Janak Jud C , Howard Jeffrey T , Sosnov Lt Col Jonathan A , Stewart Lt Col Ian J
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions are commonly seen among military service members (SM) and Veterans. We explored correlates of award of MSK-related service-connected disability benefits (SCDB) among SM seeking care in Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals.

Materials and Methods

Department of Defense data on SM who separated from October 1, 2001 to May 2017 were linked to VA administrative data. Using adjusted logistic regression models, we determined the odds of receiving MSK SCDB.

Results

A total of 1,558,449 (79% of separating SM) had at least one encounter in VA during the study period (7.8% disability separations). Overall, 51% of this cohort had at least one MSK SCDB (88% among disability separations, 48% among normal). Those with disability separations (as compared to normal separations) were significantly more likely to receive MSK SCDB (odds ratio 2.37) as were females (compared to males, odds ratio 1.15).

Conclusions

Although active duty SM with disability separations were more likely to receive MSK-related service-connected disability ratings in the VA, those with normal separations also received such awards. Identifying those at highest risk for MSK-related disability could lead to improved surveillance and prevention strategies in the Department of Defense and VA health care systems to prevent further damage and disability.
Materials Characterization of Cranial Simulants for Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wermer Anna , Kerwin Joseph , Welsh Kelsea , Mejia-Alvarez Ricardo , Tartis Michaelann , Willis Adam
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The mechanical response of brain tissue to high-speed forces in the blast and blunt traumatic brain injury is poorly understood. Object-to-object variation and interspecies differences are current limitations in animal and cadaver studies conducted to study damage mechanisms. Biofidelic and transparent tissue simulants allow the use of high-speed optical diagnostics during a blast event, making it possible to observe deformations and damage patterns for comparison to observed injuries seen post-mortem in traumatic brain injury victims.

Methods

Material properties of several tissue simulants were quantified using standard mechanical characterization techniques, that is, shear rheometric, tensile, and compressive testing.

Results

Polyacrylamide simulants exhibited the best optical and mechanical property matching with the fewest trade-offs in the design of a cranial test object. Polyacrylamide gels yielded densities of ~1.04 g/cc and shear moduli ranging 1.3–14.55 kPa, allowing gray and white matter simulant tuning to a 30–35% difference in shear for biofidelity.

Conclusions

These materials are intended for use as layered cranial phantoms in a shock tube and open field blasts, with focus on observing phenomena occurring at the interfaces of adjacent tissue simulant types or material-fluid boundaries. Mechanistic findings from these studies may be used to inform the design of protective gear to mitigate blast injuries.
Histopathological Evidence of Multiple Organ Damage After Simulated Aeromedical Evacuation in a Swine Acute Lung Injury Model
Authors: Scultetus Anke H , Jefferson Michelle A , Haque Ashraful , Hubbell Jordan N , Arnaud Francoise G , Moon-Massat Paula , McCarron Richard M , Malone Debra L
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Rapid aeromedical evacuation (AE) is standard of care in current conflicts. However, not much is known about possible effects of hypobaric conditions. We investigated possible effects of hypobaria on organ damage in a swine model of acute lung injury.

Methods

Lung injury was induced in anesthetized swine via intravenous oleic acid infusion. After a stabilization phase, animals were subjected to a 4 hour simulated AE at 8000 feet (HYPO). Control animals were kept at normobaria. After euthanasia and necropsy, organ damage was assessed by combined scores for hemorrhage, inflammation, edema, necrosis, and microatelectasis.

Results

Hemodynamic, neurological, or hematologic measurements were similar prior to transport. Hemodynamic instability became apparent during the last 2 hours of transport in the HYPO group. Histological injury scores in the HYPO group were higher for all organs (lung, kidney, liver, pancreas, and adrenal glands) except the brain, with the largest difference in the lungs (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Swine with mild acute lung injury subjected to a 4 hour simulated AE showed more injury to most organs and, in particular, to the lungs compared with ground transport. This may exacerbate otherwise subclinical pathology and, eventually, manifest as abnormalities in gas exchange or possibly end-organ function.
The ABCs of Ocular Trauma: Adapting a Familiar Mnemonic for Rapid Eye Exam in the Pre-Ophthalmic Zone of Care
Authors: Kroesen Christiaan F , Snider Matthew , Bailey James , Buchanan Adam , Karesh James W , La Piana Frank , Seefeldt Erin , Egan Jo Ann , Mazzoli Robert A
Published: February 2020

Evaluation and management of eye trauma is daunting to many practitioners. For general medical emergencies, the familiar ABCs mnemonic serves to both recompose the provider as well as provide a logical order for evaluation and action. We recently adapted an ABCs mnemonic to provide non-ophthalmologists with a familiar method for systematically evaluating and managing eye trauma. A = ACUITY. Visual acuity is the most importance piece of information in eye trauma. B = BEST exam of BOTH eyes. Starting with acuity, examination proceeds from the front to the rear of the eye. Examine the uninjured eye first. C = CONTIGUOUS STRUCTURES and CONTACT LENSES. Examine structures contiguous to the apparent injury. Inspect for contact lens wear. D = DRUGS, DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING, and the DON’TS. Start antibiotics, antiemetics, and analgesics. Administer tetanus. Obtain computerized tomography if available. Do not attempt ocular ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Do not apply pressure to the eye. Do not patch the eye or apply any medication. E = EYE SHIELD and EVACUATE. Shield and ship to ophthalmology. The mnemonic was adapted to reflect current Joint Trauma Services and Tactical Combat Casualty Care practice guidelines. We believe this familiar mnemonic will serve as a useful tool in allowing non-ophthalmologists to comfortably and safely evaluate an eye for trauma.
Simulation of Cumulative Exposure Statistics for Blast Pressure Transmission Into the Brain
Authors: Tan X Gary , Matic Peter
Published: February 2020

Introduction

This study develops and demonstrates an analysis approach to understand the statistics of cumulative pressure exposure of the brain to repetitive blasts events.

Materials and Methods

A finite element model of blast loading on the head was used for brain model biomechanical responses. The cumulative pressure exposure fraction (CPEF), ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, was used to characterize the extent and repetition of high pressures. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to generate repetitive blast cumulative exposures.

Results

The blast orientation effect is as influential as the blast overpressure magnitudes. A 75° (from the side) blast orientation can produce CPEF values exceeding traumatic brain injury pressure thresholds >0.95 while, for the same blast overpressure, a 0° (front) blast orientation results in a CPEF <0.25. Monte Carlo results for different sequences reflecting notional operational and training environments show that both mean values and standard deviations of CPEF reach the statistically equilibrium state at a finite value of n exposures for each sequence.

Conclusions

Statistical convergence of the brain pressure response metrics versus number of blasts for different exposures characterizes the transitions from “low” to “high” number of blasts and quantitatively highlights the differences between operational and training exposures.
Measuring Blunt Force Head Impacts in Athletes
Authors: Bartsch Adam , Dama Rajiv , Alberts Jay , Samorezov Sergey , Benzel Edward , Miele Vincent , Shah Alok , Humm John , McCrea Michael , Stemper Brian
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Although concussion continues to be a major source of acute and chronic injuries, concussion injury mechanisms and risk functions are ill-defined. This lack of definition has hindered efforts to develop standardized concussion monitoring, safety testing, and protective countermeasures. To overcome this knowledge gap, we have developed, tested, and deployed a head impact monitoring mouthguard (IMM) system.

Materials and Methods

The IMM system was first calibrated in 731 laboratory tests. Versus reference, Laboratory IMM data fit a linear model, with results close to the ideal linear model of form y = x + 0, R2 = 1. Next, during on-field play involving n = 54 amateur American athletes in football and boxing, there were tens of thousands of events collected by the IMM. A total of 890 true-positive head impacts were confirmed using a combination of signal processing and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health Common Data Elements methods.

Results

The median and 99th percentile of peak scalar linear acceleration and peak angular acceleration were 20 and 50 g and 1,700 and 4,600 rad/s2, respectively. No athletes were diagnosed with concussion.

Conclusions

While these data are useful for preliminary human tolerance limits, a larger population must be used to quantify real-world dose response as a function of impact magnitude, direction, location, and accumulation. This work is ongoing.