bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics regulated organic hydride/acid pairs as novel organic hydrogen reductants
Authors: Shen Guang-Bin , Qian Bao-Chen , Zhang Gao-Shuai , Luo Guang-Ze , Fu Yan-Hua , Zhu Xiao-Qing
Published: October 2022

Organic hydride/acid pairs could realize transformation of N-substituted organic hydrides from hydride reductants to thermodynamics regulated hydrogen reductants on conveniently choosing suitable organic hydrides and acids with various acidities.
High lignin-containing nanocelluloses prepared via TEMPO-mediated oxidation and polyethylenimine functionalization for antioxidant and antibacterial applications
Authors: Sun Yisheng , Zhang Hanwen , Li Qianwei , Vardhanabhuti Bongkosh , Wan Caixia
Published: October 2022

High lignin-containing Nanocelluloses prepared via TEMPO-mediated oxidation and functionalized by polyethylenimine (PEI) into antioxidant and antibacterial nanocomposites.
Compositing of MOFs with ceramic and nanoparticles for efficient and rapid adsorptive desalination of artificial seawater or NaCl solution
Authors: Ijaz Irfan , Bukhari Aysha , Gilani Ezaz , Nazir Ammara , Zain Hina
Published: October 2022

In this research work, an excellent salt adsorbent, that is nZnO@MIL88A(Fe)@α-cordierite composite, was reported. Micro-porous nZnO@MIL88A(Fe)@α-cordierite composite was synthesized using a greener-microwave assisted approach.
Characterising different molecular landscapes in dynamic covalent networks
Authors: Van Lijsebetten Filip , De Bruycker Kevin , Van Ruymbeke Evelyne , Winne Johan M. , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: October 2022

A novel characterisation method is presented to link molecular reactivity changes to material properties of reprocessable thermosets with unique performance.
Investigating the microstructural and electrochemical performance of novel La0.3Ba0.7Zr0.5X0.3Y0.2 (X = Gd, Mn, Ce) electrolytes at intermediate temperature SOFCs
Authors: Irshad Muneeb , Kousar Naila , Hanif Muhammad Bilal , Tabish Asif Nadeem , Ghaffar Abdul , Rafique Muhammad , Siraj Khurram , Aslam Zeeshan , Assiri Mohammed A. , Imran Muhammad , Mosiałek Michał , Zmrhalova Zuzana , Motola Martin
Published: October 2022

La0.3Ba0.7Zr0.5X0.3Y0.2 (X = Gd, Mn, Ce named as LaBaZrGdY, LaBaZrMnY, and LaBaZrCeY, respectively) SOFC electrolytes were prepared via novel organic and chemical auto-combustion methods, via spinach extract and oxalic acid as chelating agents.
K+ intercalated MnO2 with ultra-long cycling life for high-performance aqueous magnesium-ion hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Liming , Pan Guodong , Wang Jiachen , Li Jiabao , Gong Zhiwei , Lu Ting , Pan Likun
Published: October 2022

K+ intercalated MnO2 as the cathode material for aqueous magnesium-ion hybrid supercapacitors exhibits high energy density and ultra-long cycling life.
An extremely transparent and multi-responsive healable hydrogel strain sensor
Authors: Wang Min , Chen Hong , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Guokai , Peng Can , Wang Wen , Zhang Fan , Wang Jianqing , Liu Huanhuan , Yan Guoqing , Qin Haili
Published: October 2022

Using natural catechin-assembled nanostructures as electron bridging agents, we developed smart hydrogel strain sensors with excellent performances on transparency, conductivity, self-adhesion, biocompatibility and self-healability.
Metal-free boron nanosheet as “buffer electron pool” for urea and ethanol synthesis via C–N and C–C coupling
Authors: Cao Yongyong , Meng Yuxiao , Wu Yuting , Huang Hongjie , Zhong Weichan , Shen Zhangfeng , Xia Qineng , Wang Yangang , Li Xi
Published: October 2022

Electrocatalytic synthesis urea and ethanol from CO2 and NO is one of the most attractive approaches. β12 boron nanosheet materials show high activity for urea and ethanol formation.
Benefits of precision medicine in lung cancer: experience from a single institution
Authors: Zhou Na , Jiang Man , Zhang Xiaochun
Published: October 2022

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and in China. Over the past two decades, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have improved the five-year survival rate of lung cancer, and precision medicine has played a great part in this progress. However, owing to the heterogeneity, complexity, and economic disparity, the usage of precision medicine is still low, which generally results in a poor prognosis. In view of the current bottlenecks, such as low early diagnosis rates and the poor prognosis of lung cancer patients, our team predicted and identified early diagnosis markers of lung cancer. We have described the genetic characteristics of lung cancer patients, identified potential treatment targets, and explored accurate treatment schemes for the disease. We have also promoted their application by conducting bioinformatic analysis, high-throughput sequencing, liquid biopsy, and improved FISH and other technologies. This has formed an integrated system for the precise diagnosis, treatment, and transformation of lung cancer research, obtaining good social benefits after their application.
Thoracic Limb Angular Deformity in Chondrodystrophic Dogs: Repeatability of Goniometric Measurement of External Rotation and Carpal Valgus
Authors: Pulkkinen Hanna S.M. , Lappalainen Anu K. , Junnila Jouni J.T. , Laitinen-Vapaavuori Outi M. , Hyytiäinen Heli K.
Published: October 2022

Objective We aimed to provide repeatable methods for quantifying antebrachial valgus and rotation in dogs with and without complex angular deformities. Thus, we investigated the repeatability of two methods to measure carpal valgus and one method to measure external rotation of the thoracic limb in a standing position.

Study Design This was a prospective observer agreement study with a sample of 18 non-chondrodystrophic dogs as baseline and 43 chondrodystrophic dogs. The rotation measurements (ROT), modified valgus measurements (VALG-M), and established carpal valgus measurements (VALG) were done independently by two investigators. Repeatability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results The measured mean (± standard deviation) angles of ROT, VALG-M, and VALG for non-chondrodystrophic dogs were 14 degrees (± 5 degrees), 9 degrees (± 4 degrees), and 4 degrees (± 3 degrees) and 30 degrees (± 13 degrees) and 23 degrees (± 11 degrees) for ROT and VALG-M for chondrodystrophic dogs respectively. In non-chondrodystrophic dogs, ICC was low with mean errors of 1 to 6 degrees, whereas in chondrodystrophic dogs, intra- and intertester ICC was high for ROT and VALG-M with mean errors of 3 to 8 degrees.

Conclusion The ROT and VALG-M methods can be used as reliable tools to objectively quantify aspects of thoracic limb alignment for research, clinical, and screening purposes in both non-chondrodystrophic and chondrodystrophic dogs. The mean values of ROT, VALG-M, and VALG can be used as references for non-chondrodystrophic dogs in the standing position.
Lameness Localization in Dogs: An Exploratory Study of the Translation of the Equine Flexion Test to Canine Orthopaedics
Authors: Grosjean Diane , De Bakker Evelien , Mugnier Amélie , Verschooten Francis , Rytz Ulrich , Forterre Franck , Samoy Yves , Van Ryssen Bernadette
Published: October 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the method and feasibility of the flexion test (FT) as a diagnostic tool to localize lameness on dogs.

Study Design Canine FT was designed and based on the FT routinely used on horses. In dogs, the test consisted in a flexion of a joint to its full range of motion for 1 minute. Eventual increased lameness was then evaluated. The gait was evaluated using a visual analogue scale. An increase in the lameness score compared with the baseline score was considered as a positive result.

The method was described for every major joint of the appendicular skeleton and was evaluated in sound and lame dogs. To evaluate the feasibility, the FT was applied for 3 minutes in eight healthy dogs on all joints. On 27 clinically lame dogs, flexion was applied for 1 minute on the joints with a suspected pathology and on their contralateral side used as a control.

Results The FT was feasible and well tolerated by the sound dogs on all joints and no positive results were recorded. On clinically lame dogs, lameness increased in 81.5% of dogs. These cases were afterwards diagnosed with an orthopaedic-related disorder and then defined as true positives. False negative results occurred in 18.5% of the lameness cases.

Conclusion The FT is safe and easy to perform. It did not produce any false positive results. False negatives might occur in a minor number of cases, implying that a negative result does not exclude a joint pathology.
Stabilization and Long-Term Outcome of a Tibiotarsal Fracture in a Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Using a Supracutaneous Plating Technique
Authors: Liles Marina , Barillo Anthony , Dugat Danielle , Di Girolamo Nicola , Brandão João , Roca Rodrigo
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to report the successful outcome of a tibiotarsal fracture in a turkey vulture managed with a supracutaneous plating technique. This is a case report study design. A juvenile male turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) was presented unable to walk. Physical exam revealed instability in the left tibiotarsus. Radiographs confirmed a comminuted mid-diaphyseal fracture of the left tibiotarsus. The turkey vulture underwent fracture stabilization using fluoroscopic guidance with a 12-hole 2.4-mm locking compression plate (LCP) placed in a supracutaneous fashion with locking screws proximally and distally. The turkey vulture was ambulatory immediately following surgery, and lameness had resolved by day three. Four weeks postoperatively, radiographs demonstrated loss of cortical bone density, and the construct was dynamized. At 6 weeks postoperatively, radiographs revealed a bridging callus, and all implants were removed. Following an additional 2 weeks of cage rest, recheck radiographs confirmed continued fracture healing and increased cortical density. At week nine, the turkey vulture was transitioned to a pre-release flight cage where the vulture was noted to set flight, land, grasp, walk, and perch normally. The turkey vulture was released 12 weeks postoperatively. This case report documents the successful functional outcome of a closed, comminuted mid-diaphyseal fracture of the tibiotarsus in a minimally invasive manner utilizing a supracutaneous plating technique. Based on a literature search, this is the first report utilizing supracutaneous plating for a tibiotarsal fracture in a turkey vulture.
Investigating COVID-19 transmission risk with dry ice in shopping malls
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: October 2022

Undergraduate students modeled how aerosols spread in large indoor spaces and learned about turbulence in the process.
Effective ionization coefficient in mixtures of Ar and O2 determined using the Townsend discharge
Authors: Talviste Rasmus , Erme Kalev , Paris Peeter , Raud Jüri , Plank Toomas , Jõgi Indrek
Published: October 2022

Precise knowledge of the fundamental ionization properties of gases, such as the effective ionization coefficient, is crucial for discharges in mixtures of Ar:O2, which are significant for a wide range of plasma applications. This study determined the effective ionization coefficient in electronegative gas mixtures of Ar:O2 in the pressure range of 10–800 Torr and reduced electric field strength E/N range of 40–1200 Td utilizing a steady-state non-self-sustaining Townsend discharge. The reduced effective ionization coefficient αe/N increased with E/N and decreased with increasing O2 content in the gas mixture. The experimental results were compared with a model which was based on calculating the ionization and attachment coefficients with BOLSIG+. The ion conversion of O− to O2−, detachment from O2−, and formation of O3 were accounted for similarly as has been done with N2:O2 mixtures. Reasonably good agreement between the measurements and the model calculations was achieved for Ar:O2 mixtures with the O2 content between 20% and 70%. A discrepancy of more than 20% between measurement and calculations was observed at low E/N values when the O2 content was below 20% and at high E/N values when the O2 content was above 70%. Several possible explanations were proposed for the observed discrepancy; however, more elaborate models are required. The reduced critical electric field E/Ncrit, where the apparent effective ionization coefficient is zero, was determined as a function of the O2 content in the Ar:O2 mixtures. E/Ncrit increased with increasing O2 content in the mixture.
Effect of stacking type and magnetic moment in spin-valley polarized MoS2–MoSe2 heterobilayers
Authors: Wu Yanwei , Liu Tao , Hao Ning , Long Mingsheng , Zhang Min , Sun Qingqing , Shan Lei
Published: October 2022

In this work, we focused on engineering the bandgap of the MoS2–MoSe2 heterobilayer via either stacking type or induced magnetic moment with the aid of density functional theory. We have computed the electronic properties of different stacking MoS2–MoSe2 heterobilayers and their magnetization components, in which all situations retain spin-valley locking. Calculations show that different stacking types can cause a bandgap change of a maximum of 0.1 eV. On the other hand, a micro-enhanced magnetic moment in the heterobilayer increases the bandgap (in some cases, there are changes close to 0.3 eV) significantly. Results suggest that the stacking type and induced magnetic moment make MoS2–MoSe2 heterobilayers potential candidates for valleytronics applications. This study provides a new pathway in tuning spin-valley polarization of valleytronics devices.
Preliminary norms of Arabic to Spanish translations produced by twentieth-century academics
Authors: Feria Manuel , Pérez Cañada Luis M.
Published: October 2022

This article analyzes the preliminary norms (Toury 1995) governing the
translation of Arabic works into Spanish produced by members of Spain’s academic community in the twentieth century. In
particular, we study the ideological motives and objectives behind the choice of works to be translated. Translation was the
ideological tool par excellence of Spanish Arabism. The Catholic Church; Spanish state, regional, and local
government bodies; and the European Cultural Foundation were the principal patrons. The works translated served to endorse the
pre-eminence of Christendom over Islam and to advance Spanish nation-building. They also contributed to the encouragement of
emancipatory and feminist discourses, the commercial success of the Arab winner of the Nobel Prize, Najīb Maḥfūẓ, and the
promulgation among the European public of a discourse opposed to the ‘clash of civilizations’. Thus, our analysis illustrates the
capacity of translation to generate ideology in a specific socio-political context.
Primary tumor–derived systemic nANGPTL4 inhibits metastasis
Authors: Hübers Corinne , Abdul Pari Ashik Ahmed , Grieshober Denise , Petkov Martin , Schmidt Alexander , Messmer Tatjana , Heyer Christian Moritz , Schölch Sebastian , Kapel Stephanie S. , Gengenbacher Nicolas , Singhal Mahak , Schieb Benjamin , Fricke Claudine , Will Rainer , Remans Kim , Utikal Jochen Sven , Reissfelder Christoph , Schlesner Matthias , Hodivala-Dilke Kairbaan M. , Kersten Sander , Goerdt Sergij , Augustin Hellmut G. , Felcht Moritz
Published: October 2022

Primary tumors and distant site metastases form a bidirectionally communicating system. Yet, the molecular mechanisms of this crosstalk are poorly understood. Here, we identified the proteolytically cleaved fragments of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) as contextually active protumorigenic and antitumorigenic contributors in this communication ecosystem. Preclinical studies in multiple tumor models revealed that the C-terminal fragment (cANGPTL4) promoted tumor growth and metastasis. In contrast, the N-terminal fragment of ANGPTL4 (nANGPTL4) inhibited metastasis and enhanced overall survival in a postsurgical metastasis model by inhibiting WNT signaling and reducing vascularity at the metastatic site. Tracing ANGPTL4 and its fragments in tumor patients detected full-length ANGPTL4 primarily in tumor tissues, whereas nANGPTL4 predominated in systemic circulation and correlated inversely with disease progression. The study highlights the spatial context of the proteolytic cleavage-dependent pro- and antitumorigenic functions of ANGPTL4 and identifies and validates nANGPTL4 as a novel biomarker of tumor progression and antimetastatic therapeutic agent.
Determination of effect of the movement of an infinite fault in viscoelastic half space of standard linear solid using fractional calculus
Authors: Mahato Pabita , Mondal Debabrata , Sarkar (Mondal) Seema
Published: October 2022

The subsurface deformation which is observed in seismic region during aseismic period has a great impact on displacement and stress-strain accumulation due to earthquake fault movement. In this paper we have considered a theoretical model of aseismically creeping, buried, inclined, infinite strike-slip fault located in viscoelastic half space of standard linear-solid medium. Our main objective is to find the analytical solutions of displacement, stresses, strains (a) in the absence of any fault movement and (b) after the commencement of fault movement with the help of Laplace transformation and Green’s function technique using fractional calculus taking Mittag-Leffler function and then to determine numerical results of displacement, stresses and strains with different creep velocities for various inclinations of the fault using suitable model parametric values ([3, 7, 12, 26]). It is observed that the fault in our model exceeds the critical stress at about 117 years if it is a vertical fault while at about 141 years if the fault is inclined at an angle

π

3

with the free surface. A comparative study has been done and the numerical results are found to be in good agreement . This study may help in developing the earthquake prediction program.
Current and future neutrino limits on the abundance of primordial black holes
Authors: Bernal Nicolás , Muñoz-Albornoz Víctor , Palomares-Ruiz Sergio , Villanueva-Domingo Pablo
Published: October 2022

Primordial black holes (PBHs) formed in the early Universe are sources of neutrinos emitted via Hawking radiation. Such astrophysical neutrinos could be detected at Earth and constraints on the abundance of comet-mass PBHs could be derived from the null observation of this neutrino flux. Here, we consider non-rotating PBHs and improve constraints using Super-Kamiokande neutrino data, as well as we perform forecasts for next-generation neutrino (Hyper-Kamiokande, JUNO, DUNE) and dark matter (DARWIN, ARGO) detectors, which we compare. For PBHs less massive than ∼ few × 1014g, PBHs would have already evaporated by now, whereas more massive PBHs would still be present and would constitute a fraction of the dark matter of the Universe. We consider monochromatic and extended (log-normal) mass distributions, and a PBH mass range spanning from 1012g to ∼ 1016g. Finally, we also compare our results with previous ones in the literature.
Lightweight and highly robust memristor-based hybrid neural networks for electroencephalogram signal processing
Authors: Tong Peiwen , Xu Hui , Sun Yi , Wang Yongzhou , Peng Jie , Liao Cen , Wang Wei , Li Qingjiang
Published: October 2022

Memristor-based neuromorphic computing shows great potential for high-speed and high-throughput signal processing applications, such as electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing. Nonetheless, the size of one-transistor one-resistor (1T1R) memristor arrays is limited by the non-ideality of the devices, which prevents the hardware implementation of large and complex networks. In this work, we propose the depthwise separable convolution and bidirectional gate recurrent unit (DSC-BiGRU) network, a lightweight and highly robust hybrid neural network based on 1T1R arrays that enables efficient processing of EEG signals in the temporal, frequency and spatial domains by hybridizing DSC and BiGRU blocks. The network size is reduced and the network robustness is improved while ensuring the network classification accuracy. In the simulation, the measured non-idealities of the 1T1R array are brought into the network through statistical analysis. Compared with traditional convolutional networks, the network parameters are reduced by 95% and the network classification accuracy is improved by 21% at a 95% array yield rate and 5% tolerable error. This work demonstrates that lightweight and highly robust networks based on memristor arrays hold great promise for applications that rely on low consumption and high efficiency.
JINTRAC integrated simulations of ITER scenarios including fuelling and divertor power flux control for H, He and DT plasmas
Authors: Militello Asp E. , Corrigan G. , da Silva Aresta Belo P. , Garzotti L. , Harting D.M. , Köchl F. , Parail V. , Cavinato M. , Loarte A. , Romanelli M. , Sartori R.
Published: October 2022

We have modelled self-consistently how to most efficiently fuel ITER hydrogen (H), helium (He) and deuterium–tritium (DT) plasmas with gas and/or pellets with the integrated core and 2D SOL/divertor suite of codes JINTRAC. This paper presents the first overview of full integrated simulations from core to divertor of ITER scenarios following their evolution from X-point formation, through L-mode, L–H transition, steady-state H-mode, H–L transition and current ramp-down. Our simulations respect all ITER operational limits, maintaining the target power loads below 10 MW m−2 by timely gas fuelling or Ne seeding. For the pre-fusion plasma operation (PFPO) phase our aim was to develop robust scenarios and our simulations show that commissioning and operation of the ITER neutral beam (NB) to full power should be possible in 15 MA/5.3 T L-mode H plasmas with pellet fuelling and 20 MW of ECRH. For He plasmas gas fuelling alone allows access to H-mode at 7.5 MA/2.65 T with 53–73 MW of additional heating, since after application of NB and during the L–H transition, the modelled density build-up quickly reduces the NB shine-through losses to acceptable levels. This should allow the characterisation of ITER H-mode plasmas and the demonstration of ELM control schemes in PFPO-2. In ITER DT plasmas we varied the fuelling and heating schemes to achieve a target fusion gain of Q = 10 and to exit the plasma from such conditions with acceptable divertor loads. The use of pellets in DT can provide a faster increase of the density in L-modes, but it is not essential for unrestricted NB operation due to the lower shine-through losses compared to H. During the H–L transition and current ramp-down, gas fuelling and Ne seeding are required to keep the divertor power loads under the engineering limits but accurate control over radiation is crucial to prevent the plasma becoming thermally unstable.
Forecasting models for carbon dioxide emissions in major economic sectors of Thailand
Authors: Kamoljitprapa P , Sookkhee S
Published: October 2022

The objective of this research is to propose the appropriate forecasting models for the analysis of carbon dioxide emissions classified by major economic sectors in Thailand: the power generation sector, the transportation sector, the industrial sector, and other economic sectors. The twenty years of monthly data from 2001 to 2020 was collected by the Energy Policy and Planning Office, Ministry of Energy. Box-Jenkins ARIMA approach is used to analysed the data in order to obtain the best fit models for each of the economic sectors. Model checking is presented using R2, adjusted-R2 and AIC. The actual data in 2021 was used to illustrate the quality of the optimal forecasting models.
Developing the modified model of thermal comfort
Authors: Dębska L
Published: October 2022

The article discusses human thermal sensations and proposes an improved modification of the Fanger model based on experimental research. The Fanger model was created in the late 1960s and many studies have shown inaccuracies between Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) generated with this model and Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) obtained in actual tests. 263 people aged 18 to 41 expressed their willingness to test their thermal feelings in selected rooms of the Kielce University of Technology. The questionnaire responses regarding thermal sensations (TSV) and the known body masses index (BMI) of these people clarified the relationship between them. The results of thermal sensation vote (TSV) - actual, as well as the results calculated using the Fanger model -PMV are also shown. The main assumption of the research was to modify the Fanger model in terms of body mass index (BMI). The results have proven that the modification is more accurate than the original model.
Moving Average Control Chart for Generalized Poisson Distribution
Authors: Suvimol P , Chananet C
Published: October 2022

This study aim to propose a moving average control chart explicit formula based on the Generalized Poisson distribution (MAGP
) and to compare the performance of the MAGP
control chart with that of the Shewhart control chart (CGP
). The average run length (ARL) is used to consider the performance. The ARL results indicated that the MAGP
control chart is superior to the CGP
control chart based on the Generalized Poisson distribution for detecting small shifts. Practitioners will find this explicit formula to be accurate as well as simple to apply and use.
Multilayer Structures under Non-Stationary Loading: Prediction of Damages and Further Operation Possibility
Authors: Korotunova O , Mastynovsky Yu , Shyshkanova G , Mizerna O , Nechyporenko N , Zaytseva T , Frydman O , Shcherbyna O
Published: October 2022

Mathematical model of the complex interaction of composite structures elements is developed. A half-strip composed of two various materials is considered as a case of the composite structure. For each layer the dynamic equations of the theory of elasticity are used. An impact-impulse load is applied at the end of the structure. During the complex interaction, the conjugation of layers is carried out by conditions that ensure joint deformation, slipping (with friction) or absence of contact. The area and the contact type are determined during the solving process. This approach requires the construction of the special numerical algorithm which allows to change the boundary conditions during the calculation depending on the fulfilment of the strength criterion. The problem is solved numerically using method of characteristics. The propagation of elastic waves in the two-layer half-strip is studied. The wave field characteristics are determined in the calculated point of the layer at a given time. The calculation results are analysed in order to identify areas of the contact surface that are most prone to damage. The geometric and mechanical parameters influence on the behaviour of the structure is studied.
Contribution of Pulsars to the AMS-02 Positron Excess
Authors: Liang Ruixing
Published: October 2022

In this paper we tested the pulsar interpretation of positron excess, measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02), by using the list of objects from the Australian National Telescope Facility pulsar catalog (ATNF catalog). We take into account in the calculation the energy losses that cosmic rays encounter when propagating through the Galaxy and we included the secondary positrons which are produced through the collision of cosmic rays against the atoms of the interstellar space. We firstly hypothesized the possibility of a single pulsar contributing to the positron flux. We consider for this case Geminga since it is near and very powerful. Geminga alone can fit very well the data with a spectral index of 1.8 and an efficiency of 70%. It is however unrealistic that only one pulsar contributes to the AMS-02 positron data. Therefore, we decide to find among all pulsars in the ATNF catalog the top 20 pulsars that contributed to the flux on Earth. We then calculated the total positron flux of these pulsars and found it to fit the AMS-02 data very well at efficiencies between 30~70%. We came to a conclusion that the pulsars are viable interpretations of the positron excess that the AMS-02 detected.
Measurement of scintillation response of CsI[Na] to low-energy nuclear recoils by COHERENT
Authors: Akimov D. , An P. , Awe C. , Barbeau P.S. , Becker B. , Belov V. , Bernardi I. , Blackston M.A. , Bock C. , Bolozdynya A. , Browning J. , Cabrera-Palmer B. , Chernyak D. , Conley E. , Daughhetee J. , Detwiler J. , Ding K. , Durand M.R. , Efremenko Y. , Elliott S.R. , Fabris L. , Febbraro M. , Gallo Rosso A. , Galindo-Uribarri A. , Green M.P. , Heath M.R. , Hedges S. , Hoang D. , Hughes M. , Johnson T. , Khromov A. , Konovalov A. , Kozlova E. , Kumpan A. , Li L. , Link J.M. , Liu J. , Mann K. , Markoff D.M. , Mastroberti J. , Melikyan Y.A. , Mueller P.E. , Newby J. , Parno D.S. , Penttila S.I. , Pershey D. , Rapp R. , Ray H. , Raybern J. , Razuvaeva O. , Reyna D. , Rich G.C. , Ross J. , Rudik D. , Runge J. , Salvat D.J. , Salyapongse A.M. , Scholberg K. , Shakirov A. , Simakov G. , Sinev G. , Snow W.M. , Sosnovtsev V. , Suh B. , Tayloe R. , Tellez-Giron-Flores K. , Tolstukhin I. , Ujah E. , Vanderwerp J. , Varner R.L. , Virtue C.J. , Visser G. , Wongjirad T. , Yen Y.-R. , Yoo J. , Yu C.-H. , Zettlemoyer J.
Published: October 2022

We present results of several measurements of CsI[Na]
scintillation response to 3–60 keV energy nuclear recoils
performed by the COHERENT collaboration using tagged neutron elastic
scattering experiments and an endpoint technique. Earlier results,
used to estimate the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
(CEvNS) event rate for the first observation of this process
achieved by COHERENT at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), have
been reassessed. We discuss corrections for the identified
systematic effects and update the respective uncertainty values. The
impact of updated results on future precision tests of CEvNS is
estimated. We scrutinize potential systematic effects that could
affect each measurement. In particular we confirm the response of
the H11934-200 Hamamatsu photomultiplier tube (PMT) used for the
measurements presented in this study to be linear in the relevant
signal scale region.
Determination of impact ionization parameters for low gain avalanche detectors produced by HPK
Authors: Howard A. , Cindro V. , Hiti B. , Kramberger G. , Kljun Ž. , Mandić I. , Mikuž M.
Published: October 2022

A set of unirradiated Low Gain Avalanche Detectors from Hamamatsu Photonics from the HGTD prototype 2 run for the upgrade of experiments at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider were used to determine the impact ionization parameters for silicon, particularly in the electric field range of ∼30 V/μm which is of interest for LGADs. The parameters' dependence on temperature was also determined. Their validity on irradiated sensors up to 2.5·1015 cm-2 was also tested and found to be acceptable at low biases but further work should be done to determine the dependence on fluence.
Elevation-dependent temperature response in early Eocene using paleoclimate model experiment
Authors: Kad Pratik , Blau Manuel Tobias , Ha Kyung-Ja , Zhu Jiang
Published: October 2022

Mountains become warmer with elevation in response to greenhouse gas warming, an effect known as elevation-dependent warming. The Eocene is considered a replica of the future climate in an epoch with high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2). Therefore, the topographic features of the Eocene strata are of interest. However, obtaining proxy data for mountain regions during the Eocene hothouse is challenging. Paleoclimate model simulation is an effective tool for exploring past climate change. Therefore, we conducted sensitivity experiment simulations employing the Community Earth System Model version 1.2 forced by proxy-estimated CO2 levels. This is the first Eocene study demonstrating the elevation-dependent temperature changes and illustrated using the surface energy budget decomposition. Here five major mountain ranges have been chosen based on their paleogeographic continental location. We found a nonlinear response of elevation-dependent temperature change to CO2 concentrations regulated by seasonal variations. The radiative and non-radiative feedback compensation is responsible for the elevation-dependency temperature changes. Our results suggest temperature perturbations regulate elevation-dependent changes in skin temperature through a combination of feedback under greenhouse warming in the early Eocene. These findings also show future paradox response exhibiting elevation-dependent cooling overall mountain regions due to lower elevation warming.
A System Dynamics Model for Developing an Agropolitan Area based on Laying Hens in Lima Puluh Kota Regency
Authors: Yuzaria Dwi , Nuraini  , Rahmi Elfi , Rias Muhammad Ikhsan
Published: October 2022

The development of an agropolitan area based on laying hens in Lima Puluh Kota Regency faces many problems. One method that can be used to solve these complex problems is the systems approach. This study aimed to build a model for developing a sustainable agropolitan area based on integrated laying hens farming. The results of the system performance indicated that the current system is in a fairly sustainable position. The dynamics of time will make changes in system performance in the future. There are six factors that influence the interdependent system, namely carrying capacity, egg prices, farmer income, employment, infrastructure, and utilization of livestock waste. Based on the state of each factor, three scenarios were formulated for the development of a sustainable laying hens farming system in Lima Puluh Kota Regency: (1) conservative-pessimistic scenario, (2) moderate-optimistic scenario, and (3) progressive-optimistic scenario.
Influence of calcium macronutrient on tip burn occurrence in hydroponically cultivated lettuces
Authors: Yap M Y , Lim M W , Brendan L K W
Published: October 2022

Tip burn in hydroponics lettuce is an undesirable phenomenon identified by necrotic breakdown of marginal tissue of leaves. A deep-water culture hydroponics system was designed to determine the effect of increasing nutritional calcium concentration and varying nutritional calcium sources in alleviating the tip burn development for the hydroponics growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Lettuces was cultivated separately in an untreated fish wastewater (150mg/L) and four treated fish wastewaters with calcium addition by calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate to concentrations of 250 and 350mg/L respectively. Increasing calcium concentration from 150 to 350mg/L demonstrated not only an increase in tip burn incidence by 33.33% (calcium carbonate) and 50% (calcium hydroxide), but a slower plant growth in comparison with lettuces cultivated at 150mg/L. Besides, lettuces treated by calcium carbonate has greater leaf calcium concentrations by 48.17% at constant calcium concentration, attributed to its high solubility to release more Ca2+ ions in fish wastewater for plant adsorption. Results suggest that the addition of calcium carbonate to fish wastewater for hydroponics cultivation is more suitable for reducing the tip burn occurrence and growth inhibition at concentrations up to 150mg/L.
Biofuel production via catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil using sulfonated activated carbon supported La/Ce bimetallic catalysts
Authors: Naji S Z , Tye C T , Mohamed A R
Published: October 2022

The use of waste cooking oil (WCO) in the production of biofuel as a renewable, clean, and environmentally friendly fuel is of great interest because it reduces the WCO related pollution issues and promote circular economy. In this project, biofuel material production via catalytic cracking of WCO over sulfonated activated carbon supported La/Ce bimetallic catalysts has been investigated. Details of the reaction results and catalyst used are analysed and discussed. The results showed that pre-treatment of the activated carbon with 20% sulfuric acid improved the hydrocarbon content in the product stream by 34% in comparison with the pristine activated carbon catalyst. The conversion has been further improved by using a sulfonated activated carbon-supported bimetallic catalyst.
Response surface optimisation of biodiesel synthesis using biomass derived green heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Wong W-Y , Lim S , Pang Y-L , Lim C-H , Pua F-L , Pua G
Published: October 2022

Although homogeneous alkali-catalysed transesterification is the typical process used in biodiesel production, it caused complications in downstream separation processes and an oversupply of glycerol as a by-product. The present work studied the synthesis of a novel sulfonated biomass-derived solid acid catalyst and its application in biodiesel production via interesterification of oleic acid. Solid acid catalysts were prepared by direct sulfonation via thermal treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid. The design of experiments was conducted via four-factors central composite design (CCD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) analysis. The parameters considered for optimisation included carbonisation and sulfonation temperatures, catalyst loading and reaction time, each varied at five levels. The maximum yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was obtained using optimum parameters as carbonisation temperature of 586 °C, sulfonation temperature of 110 °C, catalyst loading of 10.5 wt.% and reaction time of 7 h was 54.3 % based on the theoretical ester formation. A quadratic mathematical model in RSM was successfully established that can make effective predictions about the anticipated biodiesel yield. This study proved that the low-cost heterogeneous catalyst derived from biomass waste with a simple production route could catalyse the interesterification process under moderate process conditions.
Sustainable Methane Emissions Management
Authors: Hashim H H , Abdul Talip N A , Muhamad Pikri M H , Abu Bakar N A , Wan Zakaria A
Published: October 2022

Methane is one of the primary and more potent Greenhouse Gas (GHG) with Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 28-36 compared to CO2. In Malaysia, the Energy Sector including Oil and Gas Industry contributes ~20% of GHG emissions out of total GHG emissions as of 2020 majorly from main sources coming from flaring, venting and combustion. Other methane sources, like fugitive emission is currently quantified by high level estimation while from other small intended sources such as compressor seals and pneumatic devices are usually not quantified and reported. Therefore, for PETRONAS to meet stakeholders’ expectations and be on par with other global peers, a comprehensive and sustainable Methane Emissions Management is required to accurately quantify and reduce methane emissions. Methane emissions was calculated based on Scope 1 emissions from gas value chain facilities. In 2020 and 2021, PETRONAS have conducted methane emissions quantification baseline study on LNG, gas processing, gas transmission plants as well as upstream facilities using process information and ground measurement data. Based on the studies, it is proven that about 70-80% methane emissions were from venting, flaring and fugitive emissions. Comprehensive methane emissions will provide a better purview on methane contributions which will facilitate further actions on reductions.
Hydrogen Co-Firing Characteristics in a Single Swirl Burner: A Numerical Analysis
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Nurizat , Shahril Norshakina , Yusup Suzana , Shariff Ismail
Published: October 2022

Hydrogen is gaining traction as an energy carrier in the decarbonisation and net-zero-emissions agenda. Because hydrogen is a clean energy carrier, increasing the percentage of hydrogen in natural gas mixtures aids in the decarbonisation initiatives. Hence, the flame characteristics of the natural gas mixtures, together with hydrogen are explored in the current study through a numerical assessment of a single swirl burner (swirl number, SN 0.78) since the said burner is widely used in gas turbine (GT) combustors. The baseline CFD and experimental cases referred to natural gas compositions primarily composed of methane (CH4). The results reveal that the CFD model can effectively represent the swirling component of the flame as seen in the experiment. A 5% hydrogen addition had virtually no effect on the swirling flame structure, as shown by qualitative evaluation of hydroxyl (OH) behaviour and flame temperature in comparison to the baseline methane flame. Despite this, the addition of hydrogen has increased the OH radical pool during combustion, causing a small change in flame temperature. Overall, the novelty of the current research is the opportunity to fire 5% hydrogen in a CH4-dominated GT combustor without any major retrofitting operations, as the study discovered that 5% hydrogen in a pure CH4 stream has a minor affect. However, more research is needed to properly capture the flame structure and strain for assessing transient-related phenomena like flashback and blow off by increasing the hydrogen proportion and using a higher accuracy turbulence model.
Performance Analysis of Neural Network Architecture in Developing Real-Time Malaysian River Water Quality Model
Authors: Djarum D H , Ahmad Z , Zhang J
Published: October 2022

According to the world health organization, 485,000 people died each year due to water-related health diseases which are mainly contributed by poor river water quality. As a result, water quality monitoring stations have been deployed across the world. Unfortunately, due to the complex nature of the off-site water quality parameters, the water quality index (WQI) cannot be assessed in real-time. This has led to a significant push for the scientific community to develop an accurate and robust water quality prediction model. The dynamic and nonlinear nature of water quality parameters are major challenges for traditional machine learning algorithms such as multi linear regression to capture. In this study, the water quality index prediction model was developed using the feedforward artificial neural network (FANN) algorithms utilizing only on-site parameters. The performance of different nonlinear activation functions in the hidden neurons was thoroughly analysed which includes rectified linear unit (ReLU), scaled exponential linear unit (SELU), and exponential linear unit (ELU). Additionally, various initialization and optimization algorithms were also evaluated for maximum performance and efficiency. The results shows that FANN-ELU model coupled with Glorot initialization technique and AdaGrad optimizer outperformed other model combinations with an R2 value of 0.88 and mean squared error (MSE) value of 22.74.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from microalgae for potential photocatalytic dye removal
Authors: Teh H Y , Lam M K , Suparmaniam U , Chai Y H , Lim J W , Kiew P L , Tan I S , Chin B L F , Lau J S Y
Published: October 2022

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with excellent optical and electronic properties is gaining significant attention by researchers for wastewater treatment. In recent years, the production of AgNPs has shifted towards green synthesis approach by using bio-reducing agent (e.g. plant extract). In this study, live cells Chlorella vulgaris were used as the bio-reducing agent to produce AgNPs from precursor (silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution). Two process parameters were investigated, namely incubation time and pH. The results affirmed that the optimum synthesis condition of AgNPs was at 24 hr incubation time and pH 8.4 in the mixture of live cells microalgae and 3 mM AgNO3 (3:1 v/v). The synthesized AgNPs showed Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) peak at 412.5 nm with absorption maxima of 0.81 a.u. as indicated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The synthesized AgNPs had shown 80.7% of photocatalytic dye degradation in 5 mg/L MB solution and 32.1% in 25 mg/L MB solution within 9 hr of incubation time. The dye removal rate with the addition of AgNPs was 1.2 times faster in 5 mg/L MB solution and was 3.5 times faster in 25 mg/L MB solution as compared to control set.
Oil palm residue as precursors for low transition temperature mixture extracted lignin
Authors: Wong J L , Khaerudini D S , Hocking R K , Chew J J , Sunarso J
Published: October 2022

Lignin is a complex biopolymer in lignocellulosic biomass. It is a promising feedstock for producing various products, including chemicals and biofuels. Lignin extraction can be achieved via different routes such as organosolv, acid, alkaline, ionic liquids (ILs), and low transition temperature mixtures (LTTMs). LTTM is attractive for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, more straightforward synthesis procedure, lower precursor price, and toxicity than the aforementioned options. In this work, we report the use of an LTTM made from a combination of sucrose-malic acid-water (SMAW) to harvest lignin from four oil palm residues (i.e. empty fruit bunch (EFB), trunk (OPT), mesocarp fibre (MSF), and kernel shell (PKS)). There is still a knowledge gap on the applicability of SMAW to extract lignin from different oil palm residues. Limited studies have examined the properties of the SMAW-extracted lignin, particularly the lignin purity and thermal behaviour. Our results indicated SMAW as a sustainable LTTM solvent for lignin extraction for these four oil palm residues. EFB harvested the highest SMAW LTTM-extracted lignin yield of 27.23% with a lignin purity of 74.93%. TGA curves and DTG curves implied that the extracted lignin was thermally more reactive than alkaline lignin and served as an attractive precursor for thermochemical conversion processes.
Design of lubricants in electric and hybrid vehicles via computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) technique
Authors: Wong K W , Ng L Y , Lim C H , Ng D K S , Andiappan V
Published: October 2022

The market of electric and hybrid vehicles (EVs and HEVs) is expanding exponentially in recent years. It serves as a greener solution in the transportation sector as compared to internal combustion engine vehicles’ (ICEVs). Conventional lubricants used for ICEVs are not suitable for the EVs and HEVs as the latter operates on electric motors instead of combustion engines. Performance characteristics such as the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and copper compatibility are not considered by the ICEVs lubricant but are important for the EVs and HEVs. In this research, computer-aided molecular design technique is used to design the lubricant that is compatible with the EVs and HEVs. The lubricant properties considered are thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, viscosity, density, and flash point. Group contribution (GC) property prediction model is utilized to ensure that the desired properties are possessed by the generated lubricant. There are six possible solutions of lubricant being generated and discussed. Other properties such as the electrical conductivity, copper corrosivity etc. are reviewed for future development. Additionally, the advantages and challenges of utilizing GC method in designing EVs and HEVs lubricant are discussed. This research serves as guidance for the comprehensive design of advanced lubricant of EVs and HEVs.