bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentrations and transport of different forms of phosphorus during snowmelt runoff from an illite clay soil
Authors: Ulén Barbro
Published: March 2003

During a 16 day period with pronounced snowmelt via surface runoff, high water concentrations (usually 0·4–0·5 mg l−1) of dissolved molybdate‐reactive phosphorus (MRP) were detected in surface runoff water from a clay soil of illite type. Other phosphorus fractions defined were: phosphorus in particles with a higher settling coefficient than 80 000 S (SPP); colloidal phosphorus caught on filters with a pore size of 0·2 µm but with a smaller settling coefficient (CPP); and dissolved phosphorus not reacting with molybdate (DUP). The order of concentrations was MRP > SPP > CPP > DUP. Nearly identical amounts of MRP, CPP, and DUP (in total 0·3 kg ha−1) were lost from a grass–clover ley and a ploughed soil. However, more of the heavier phosphorus‐containing material was lost from the ploughed area. In drainpipe water, CPP was the largest fraction (28%), and in stream water from mixed arable/forest land, MRP dominated (33%). Loss on ignition of the settling material slowly decreased from 10 to 8% (dry weight) during the snowmelt period. Total phosphorus concentrations in the material followed the runoff pattern, with slightly higher phosphorus concentrations during fast runoff. The large amounts of readily dissolved or colloidal‐bound phosphorus (70–80%) transported from this clay soil during snowmelt are discussed with regard to the use of grass buffer strips as a measure against phosphorus losses from arable land. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical solutions of one‐dimensional infiltration before and after ponding
Authors: Chen Jiann‐Mou , Tan Yih‐Chi , Chen Chu‐Hui
Published: March 2003

This paper is a continuation of previous research, which obtained a convenient solution for arbitrary surface fluxes before ponding. By means of Fourier Transformation this has been extended to derive analytical solutions of a linearized Richards' equation for arbitrary input fluxes after surface saturation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of lake water and ground water movement in the littoral zone of Williams Lake, a closed‐basin lake in north central Minnesota
Authors: Schuster Paul F. , Reddy Michael M. , LaBaugh James W. , Parkhurst Renee S. , Rosenberry Donald O. , Winter Thomas C. , Antweiler Ronald C. , Dean Walter E.
Published: March 2003

Williams Lake, Minnesota is a closed‐basin lake that is a flow‐through system with respect to ground water. Ground‐water input represents half of the annual water input and most of the chemical input to the lake. Chemical budgets indicate that the lake is a sink for calcium, yet surficial sediments contain little calcium carbonate. Sediment pore‐water samplers (peepers) were used to characterize solute fluxes at the lake‐water–ground‐water interface in the littoral zone and resolve the apparent disparity between the chemical budget and sediment data. Pore‐water depth profiles of the stable isotopes δ18O and δ2H were non‐linear where ground water seeped into the lake, with a sharp transition from lake‐water values to ground‐water values in the top 10 cm of sediment. These data indicate that advective inflow to the lake is the primary mechanism for solute flux from ground water. Linear interstitial velocities determined from δ2H profiles (316 to 528 cm/yr) were consistent with velocities determined independently from water budget data and sediment porosity (366 cm/yr). Stable isotope profiles were generally linear where water flowed out of the lake into ground water. However, calcium profiles were not linear in the same area and varied in response to input of calcium carbonate from the littoral zone and subsequent dissolution. The comparison of pore‐water calcium profiles to pore‐water stable isotope profiles indicate calcium is not conservative. Based on the previous understanding that 40–50 % of the calcium in Williams Lake is retained, the pore‐water profiles indicate aquatic plants in the littoral zone are recycling the retained portion of calcium. The difference between the pore‐water depth profiles of calcium and δ18O and δ2H demonstrate the importance of using stable isotopes to evaluate flow direction and source through the lake‐water–ground‐water interface and evaluate mechanisms controlling the chemical balance of lakes. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indicator preferences: Acceptability trumps accountability
Authors: Burke Joseph C. , Minassians Henrik P
Published: March 2003

Reporting indicators must meet the dual demands of acceptability and accountability, but the survey responses suggest that acceptability comes first. Indicator ratings by state officials and campus representatives reveal more commonality than expected.
Modulation of bone ingrowth and tissue differentiation by local infusion of interleukin‐10 in the presence of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particles
Authors: Goodman Stuart , Trindade Michael , Ma Ting , Lee Mel , Wang Neal , Ikenou Takashi , Matsuura Ippe , Miyanishi Keita , Fox Nora , Regula Donald , Genovese Mark , Klein John , Bloch Dan , Smith R. Lane
Published: March 2003

Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is a cytokine that plays a major role in suppressing the inflammatory response, particulary cell‐mediated immunity that is characteristic of the TH1 response. The purpose of this study was to determine whether local infusion of IL‐10 could mitigate the suppression of bone ingrowth associated with polyethylene wear particles. Drug test chambers were implanted in the proximal tibia of 20 mature New Zealand white rabbits. The DTC provided a continuous 1 × 1 × 5‐mm canal for tissue ingrowth. After a 6‐week period for osseointegration, the DTC was then connected to an osmotic diffusion pump. IL‐10 at doses of 0.1–100 ng/mL (0.25 μL/h) was infused with or without ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene particles (0.5 ± 0.2 μm diameter, 1012 particles/mL) present in the chamber for a 3‐ or 6‐week period. The tissue in the chamber was harvested after each treatment; sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphometric analysis. Osteoclast‐like cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha chain of the vitronectin receptor, CD51. Osteoblasts were identified using alkaline phosphatase staining. In dose–response studies, infusion of 1 ng/mL IL‐10 yielded the greatest bone ingrowth in the presence of particles. The addition of polyethylene particles evoked a marked foreign body reaction and fibrosis; bone ingrowth was significantly suppressed (p = 0.0003). Bone ingrowth was increased by over 48% with infusion of IL‐10 for the final 3 weeks of a 6‐week ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene particle exposure compared with particles alone (p = 0.027). IL‐10 is a cytokine that plays a major role in suppressing the inflammatory response, especially cell‐mediated immunity that is characteristic of the TH1 response. Local infusion of immune‐modulating cytokines such as IL‐10 may prove to be useful in abating particle‐induced periprosthetic osteolysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 43–50, 2003
ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 expression by endothelial cells grown on fibronectin‐coated TCPS and PS
Authors: van der Zijpp Ype J.T. , Poot Andre A. , Feijen Jan
Published: March 2003

Small‐diameter vascular grafts rapidly fail as a result of blood coagulation and platelet deposition. Endothelial cells lining the inner side of blood vessels can provide the graft lumen with an antithrombogenic surface. One of the remaining problems is cell detachment after restoration of blood flow, because of infiltration of leukocytes that respond to an inflammatory‐like activation of the endothelial cells. This endothelial activation is possibly caused by the surface characteristics of the underlying polymer. To get more insight into the effects of the polymer surface on endothelial cell activation, we seeded human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in various densities and subsequently grew them on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS; hydrophilic) and polystyrene (PS; hydrophobic) surfaces. To improve cell adhesion, surfaces were coated with purified fibronectin prior to cell seeding. During proliferation, the expressions of the leukocyte adhesion molecules ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 were determined. Results indicate that ICAM‐1 expression is not influenced by the character of the polymer surface, and that VCAM‐1 expression is slightly higher on the TCPS surface. Expressions of both adhesion molecules are influenced by the seeding density and time of proliferation. At low seeding densities (≤ 10,000 cells/cm2), a relatively low percentage of nonexogenously activated cells expressed ICAM‐1 during the first 3 days of proliferation compared to higher seeding densities. Although less pronounced, this was also observed for the percentage of cells expressing VCAM‐1. During proliferation, the amount of ICAM‐1 per endothelial cell increased, whereas the expression of VCAM‐1 remained low. The absence of large differences in leukocyte adhesion molecule expression by endothelial cells grown on TCPS or PS is possibly caused by coating of the surfaces with fibronectin. It is known that surface hydrophilicity influences protein adsorption. Although this had no or little effect on leukocyte adhesion molecule expression, endothelial cell growth was affected, because proliferation was slower on the hydrophobic PS. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 51–59, 2003
Anisotropic properties of tracheal smooth muscle tissue
Authors: Sarma P. A. , Pidaparti R. M. , Meiss R. A.
Published: March 2003

The anisotropic (directional‐dependent) properties of contracting tracheal smooth muscle tissue are estimated from a computational model based on the experimental data of length‐dependent stiffness. The area changes are obtained at different muscle lengths from experiments in which stimulated muscle undergoes unrestricted shortening. Then, through an interative process, the anisotropic properties are estimated by matching the area changes obtained from the finite element analysis to those derived from the experiments. The results obtained indicate that the anisotropy ratio (longitudinal stiffness to transverse stiffness) is about 4 when the smooth muscle undergoes 70% strain shortening, indicating that the transverse stiffness reduces as the longitudinal stiffness increases. It was found through a sensitivity analysis from the simulation model that the longitudinal stiffness and the in‐plane shear modulus are not very sensitive as compared to major Poisson's ratio to the area changes of the muscle tissue. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 1–8, 2003
Casein and soybean protein‐based thermoplastics and composites as alternative biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications
Authors: Vaz C. M. , Fossen M. , van Tuil R. F. , de Graaf L. A. , Reis R. L. , Cunha A. M.
Published: March 2003

This work reports on the development and characterization of novel meltable polymers and composites based on casein and soybean proteins. The effects of inert (Al2O3) and bioactive (tricalcium phosphate) ceramic reinforcements over the mechanical performance, water absorption, and bioactivity behavior of the injection‐molded thermoplastics were examined. It was possible to obtain materials and composites with a range of mechanical properties, which might allow for their application in the biomedical field. The incorporation of tricalcium phosphate into the soybean thermoplastic decreased its mechanical properties but lead to the nucleation of a bioactive calcium‐phosphate film on their surface when immersed in a simulated body fluid solution. When compounded with 1% of a zirconate coupling agent, the nucleation and growth of the bioactive films on the surface of the referred to composites was accelerated. The materials degradation was studied for ageing periods up to 60 days in an isotonic saline solution. Both water uptake and weight loss were monitored as a function of the immersion time. After 1 month of immersion, the materials showed signal of chemical degradation, presenting weight losses up to 30%. However, further improvement on the mechanical performance and the enhancement of the hydrolytic stability of those materials will be highly necessary for applications in the biomedical field. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 60–70, 2003
Local induction of calcium phosphate formation on TiO2 coatings on titanium via surface treatment with a CO2 laser
Authors: Moritz N. , Jokinen M. , Peltola T. , Areva S. , Yli‐Urpo A.
Published: March 2003

Sol–gel‐derived TiO2 coatings are known to promote bonelike hydroxyapatite formation on their surfaces in vitro and in vivo. Hydroxyapatite integrates into bone tissue. In some clinical applications, the surface of an implant is simultaneously interfaced with soft and hard tissues, so it should match the properties of both. A new method is introduced for treating the coatings locally in a controlled manner. The local densification of sol–gel‐derived titania coatings on titanium substrates with a CO2 laser was studied in terms of the in vitro calcium phosphate‐inducting properties. CO2‐laser‐treated multilayer coatings were compared with furnace‐fired coatings prepared with the same recipe and previously shown to be bioactive. Additionally, local areas of furnace‐fired multilayer coatings (previously shown to be bioactive in vitro) were further laser‐treated to achieve various properties in the same implant. Topological surface properties were examined with atomic force microscopy. The formation of hydroxyapatite was studied with Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. The results show that calcium phosphate formation can be adjusted locally by laser treatment. Calcium phosphate is a bonelike hydroxyapatite. The local treatment of sol–gel‐derived coatings with a CO2 laser is a promising technique for creating implants with various properties to interface different tissues and a possible way of coating implants that do not tolerate furnace firing. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 9–16, 2003
Biphasic materials for bone grafting and hyperthermia treatment of cancer
Authors: Arcos D. , del Real R. P. , Vallet‐Regí M.
Published: March 2003

Three biphasic materials have been synthesized from a magnetic glass–ceramic (Si‐Ca‐Fe) and a bioactive sol–gel glass (Si‐P‐Ca). The ratios of glass–ceramic:sol–gel glass used in this work were 1:1, 2:1, and 5:1. These materials show bioactive and magnetic properties and can be used as thermoseeds for hyperthermia treatment of bone tumors. The sol–gel glass content affects the textural properties of the glass–ceramic, giving rise to porosity, which plays a fundamental role in the formation of an apatite‐like layer on the surface. On the other hand, as the sol–gel glass content increases, the magnetic properties change due to the diffusion of Fe ions to the glassy phases of the biphasic materials. The biphasic nature of these materials allows the changing of both properties, depending on the requirements of the patient. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 71–78, 2003
In vitro effect of light‐cure dental adhesive on IL‐6 release from LPS‐stimulated and unstimulated macrophages
Authors: Kostoryz Elisabet L. , Eick J. David , Chappelow Cecil C. , Glaros Alan G. , Wetmore Lori , Yourtee David M.
Published: March 2003

The objective of this study was to measure IL‐6 release from LPS‐stimulated and ‐unstimulated macrophages exposed to extracts from fresh and aged Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus™ adhesive disks (5 mm in diameter by 2 mm in thickness) light cured for 10, 20, or 40 s. One set of disks was aged for 16 weeks at 4°C. Extracts were prepared by incubating three disks in 1 mL of serum‐free culture medium for 72 h at 37°C. Then macrophages (RAW 264.7) were exposed to the extracts (6.25–50 μL) for 72 h at 37°C/5% CO2. Supernatants were analyzed for cytokine levels (ELISA), and the monolayer of cells was assessed for viability (MTT assay). Unlike adhesive disk age, curing time affected cell viability. Disk extracts cured for 10 s were more cytotoxic (p < 0.05) than were extracts from 20‐ or 40‐s cured disks. Macrophage release of IL‐6 was stimulated significantly (p < 0.01) by extracts from fresh 10‐s cured disks, up to 777 pg/mL and by 2 μg/mL of LPS (1174 pg/mL). The LPS response was significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed by 50 μL of extracts, which may be related to the enhanced cytotoxicity exhibited by LPS in combination with extracts. This study has demonstrated the possibility that IL‐6 release is stimulated by light‐cure dental adhesive applications using 10‐s curings. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 89–94, 2003
Surface conditions of Nitinol wires, tubing, and as‐cast alloys. The effect of chemical etching, aging in boiling water, and heat treatment
Authors: Shabalovskaya S. A. , Anderegg J. , Laab F. , Thiel P. A. , Rondelli G.
Published: March 2003

The surface conditions of Nitinol wires and tubing were evaluated with the use of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high‐resolution Auger spectroscopy, electron backscattering, and scanning‐electron microscopy. Samples were studied in the as‐received state as well as after chemical etching, aging in boiling water, and heat treatment, and compared to a mechanically polished 600‐grit‐finish Nitinol surface treated similarly. General regularities in surface behavior induced by the examined surface treatments are similar for wires, tubing, and studied as‐cast alloy, though certain differences in surface Ni concentration were observed. Nitinol wires and tubing from various suppliers demonstrated great variability in Ni surface concentration (0.5–15 at.%) and Ti/Ni ratio (0.4–35). The wires in the as‐received state, with the exception of those with a black oxide originating in the processing procedure, revealed nickel and titanium on the surface in both elemental and oxidized states, indicating a nonpassive surface. Shape‐setting heat treatment at 500 °C for 15 min resulted in tremendous increase in the surface Ni concentration and complete Ni oxidation. Preliminary chemical etching and boiling in water successfully prevented surface enrichment in Ni, initially resulting from heat treatment. A stoichiometric uniformly amorphous TiO2 oxide generated during chemical etching and aging in boiling water was reconstructed at 700 °C, revealing rutile structure. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 65B: 193–203, 2003
Cell proliferation and differentiation during fracture healing are influenced by locally applied IGF‐I and TGF‐β1: Comparison of two proliferation markers, PCNA and BrdU
Authors: Wildemann B. , Schmidmaier G. , Ordel S. , Stange R. , Haas N.P. , Raschke M.
Published: March 2003

Growth factors IGF‐I and TGF‐β1 are known to stimulate fracture healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of locally applied IGF‐I and TGF‐β1 during the early phase of fracture healing (Days 5, 10, and 15 after fracture) on cellular processes like proliferation and differentiation in a rat model. Two different immunohistochemical markers were used to analyze cell proliferation: (1) injection of the thymidine analogue BrdU and subsequent immunohistochemical staining for BrdU‐positive nuclei, and (2) the antibody against the “proliferating cell nuclear antigen” (PCNA). In comparison, both methods revealed similar results concerning the types of proliferating cells at the different time points and the two groups. Labeling indices of both methods showed very good correlation (e.g., rs: 0.887 and p < 0.001 at day 10 in the control group without growth factors). Comparison of the callus morphology and the proliferation rate showed differences during fracture healing due to the local application of IGF‐I and TGF‐β1 from coated implants. At Day 5 the callus of the group treated with growth factors displayed an earlier appearance of cartilage compared to the control group. This was accompanied by an onset of cell proliferation in chondrocytes. Likewise, at the later time points an enhanced maturation of the callus tissue and the proliferation pattern were detectable in the growth‐factor group. These results indicate that local application of IGF‐I and TGF‐β1 accelerates early cellular processes during fracture healing. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 65B: 150–156, 2003
IGF‐I and TGF‐Beta 1 incorporated in a poly(D,L‐lactide) implant coating stimulates osteoblast differentiation and collagen‐1 production but reduces osteoblast proliferation in cell culture
Authors: Schmidmaier G. , Wildemann B. , Lübberstedt M. , Haas N.P. , Raschke M.
Published: March 2003

Previous in vivo studies revealed a stimulating effect of locally applied IGF‐I and TGF‐β1 released from poly(D,L‐lactide)‐coated titanium implants on rat and porcine fracture healing. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of IGF‐I (5% w/w) and TGF‐β1 (1% w/w) and the carrier PDLLA on osteoblasts in cell culture to improve the understanding of these growth factors. The well‐characterized human osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19 was used in the study. The implants and cells were cocultured in a noncontact manner. The cells were incubated for 10 days in total, and the implants (n = 6 each group and time point) were added for 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, 2 d, 4 d, or 10 d. To analyze a possible effect of the growth factors or the coating, cell proliferation, metabolism, and differentiation were investigated. As an indicator for differentiation the production of collagen I was chosen. All experimental groups showed comparable cell vitality. No change in the pH of the medium was detectable between the analyzed groups. When the effect of the titanium implant and the PDLLA coating were compared with the control culture, no differences in proliferation, metabolic activity, and collagen I production were detectable. The osteoblasts treated with IGF‐I and TGF‐β1 released from PDLLA revealed a significantly enhanced collagen I production with a decrease in proliferation and metabolic activity compared to the other groups. No significant differences in collagen I production were seen due to the incubation time points. None of the experimental groups evoked an immunological response on mouse macrophages. In conclusion, the PDLLA‐carrier showed no negative effect on osteoblasts, whereas the incorporated growth factors stimulated osteoblast differentiation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 65B: 157–162, 2003
Properties and performance of sulfide‐substituted plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) as a biomaterial
Authors: Lakshmi S. , Jayakrishnan A.
Published: March 2003

Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was surface modified by nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atoms of PVC by sulfide ions in aqueous media in the presence of a phase‐transfer catalyst (PTC) to make it migration resistant. The modified PVC was sterilized by steam autoclaving and gamma radiation and subjected to plasticizer extraction in an extraction medium such as hexane. Virtually no plasticizer migrated out of modified PVC into the medium even after prolonged incubation for 30 d. The properties of the modified surface were evaluated by contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cell‐culture studies, hemolysis assay, and whole‐blood clotting time measurements. The mechanical properties of modified sheets were evaluated by measurements of tensile strength and strain at break after subjecting the specimens to different modes of sterilization. The modified PVC surface showed enhanced wettability and was found to be non‐hemolytic and non‐cytotoxic. Whole‐blood clotting profiles of unmodified and modified PVC were virtually the same. Modification imparted slight yellow color to the material. Surface modification resulted in an 8% decrease in the ultimate stress and 28% decrease in the strain at break values. The sulfide‐substituted PVC was found to be blood compatible and would be useful in applications such as tubing for transfusion, dialysis etc., where migration resistance is important. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 65B: 204–210, 2003
A quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis on a series of alkyl benzenes metabolized by human cytochrome P450 2E1
Authors: Lewis David F. V. , Sams Craig , Loizou George D.
Published: March 2003

The results of quantitative structure–activity relationships for eight alkyl benzenes undergoing oxidative metabolism via human CYP2E1 are reported. Molecular orbital calculations via the AM1 method were employed for the generation of electronic structural descriptors against experimentally generated kinetic data for CYP2E1‐mediated metabolism.

The findings point to the importance of electronic structural properties of the molecules themselves, particularly the role of frontier orbitals, in determining rates of metabolism. Other factors appear to be responsible for the affinity of these substrates for the CYP2E1 enzyme however, such as its lipophilic character.

The results are consistent with the interactive molecular modeling of these compounds within the putative active site of human CYP2E1 constructed from the CYP2C5 template, where it was found that π–π stacking interactions between aromatic rings are important for the binding of substrates to the CYP2E1 active site, together with contributions from desolvation entropy changes accompanying substrate binding. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:47–52, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10055
Isolation, sequencing, and expression of a cDNA for the HXM‐A form of xenobiotic/medium‐chain fatty acid:CoA ligase from human liver mitochondria
Authors: Vessey Donald A. , Lau Eva , Kelley Michael , Warren Robert S.
Published: March 2003

The purification of xenobiotic/medium‐chain fatty acid:CoA ligases (XM‐ligases) from human liver mitochondria resulted in the isolation of two chromatographically separable forms (HXM‐A and HXM‐B). These two forms were purified to near homogeneity, cleaved with cyanogen bromide, the resulting peptides separated, and the N‐terminus of two of the peptides partially sequenced. Identical sequences were obtained for HXM‐A and HXM‐B for the two peptides. These sequences were used to design probes for screening a human liver cDNA library. This resulted in the isolation of two overlapping cDNAs. Using these sequences we were able to design PCR primers that resulted in the isolation of a full‐length cDNA from a human cDNA library. The cDNA contained 1731 bp of open reading frame and coded for a 64,230‐Da protein. This protein bears 56.2% amino acid homology to the MACS1 (medium‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetase) enzyme, 58.7% homology to the bovine XL‐III XM‐ligase, and 81.5% homology to the bovine XL‐I XM‐ligase. The cDNA could be expressed in COS cells, and the expressed enzyme had greater benzoate activity than phenylacetate activity, which is consistent with the known substrate specificity of HXM‐A. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:1–6, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10056
Increase of lipid peroxidation by cisplatin in WI38 cells but not in SV40‐transformed WI38 cells
Authors: Yen Hsiu‐Chuan , Nien Chung‐Yi , Majima Hideyuki J. , Lee Chia‐Pei , Chen Sz‐Yun , Wei Jeng‐Shu , See Lai‐Chu
Published: March 2003

Cisplatin (CPT) is an effective anticancer drug that causes cumulative toxicity to normal tissues. It has been suggested that CPT damages normal cells by causing oxidative stress, but it is not known whether it can induce similar oxidative damage to tumor cells. In this study, by using normal human lung fibroblast (W138) cells and SV40‐transformed WI38 (VA13) cells as a model, we compared the effect of CPT on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial gene expression, which could be regulated by oxidative stress, between normal and tumor cells. CPT induced greater growth inhibition and percentage of apoptotic cells in VA13 cells. However, levels of esterified F2‐isoprostanes and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal, two specific products of lipid peroxidation, were increased by CPT in WI38 cells, but not in VA13 cells. Furthermore, the transcript level of mitochondrial 12S rRNA was augmented by CPT in both cells, but to a higher degree in WI38 cells. The data suggest a correlation between lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity or increased mitochondrial transcript levels in WI38 cells but not in VA13 cells. The results also indicate an altered response of oxidative damage and mitochondrial gene regulation to CPT in the transformed phenotype of WI38 cells. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:39–46, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10059
Aryl sulfatase from Naja nigricolis venom: Characterization and possible contribution in the pathology of snake poisoning
Authors: Nok Andrew J. , Abubakar M. S. , Adaudi Ambrose , Balogun E.
Published: March 2003

The venom of Naja nigricolis was found to contain a high level of the enzyme aryl sulfatase. The enzyme was isolated from the venom of N. nigriclois and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by gel chromatography on Sephadex G‐100, DEAE‐cellulose, and phenyl‐sepharose columns. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 5 and 40°C. Arrhenius plot for the determination of the activation energy (Ea) gave the value 25 kJ/mol with a half‐life (t1/2) of 5 min at 50°C. It was highly activated by Fe2+ and Ca2+ and inhibited by Co2+ and Mn2+. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of the fluorescent compound methylumbelliferyl‐sulfate (MU‐SO4). Double reciprocal plots of initial velocity data, using MU‐SO4 as substrate, gave a KM value of 110 μM and Vmax of 225 μmol min−1 mg−1. N. nigricolis Aryl sulphatase also hydrolyzed chondroitin‐4‐sulphate. It was inhibited competitively by N‐acetyl glucosamine sulfate (GlcNAc‐SO4), glucose‐6‐sulfate (Glc‐6‐SO4), and glucose 1‐sulfate (Glc‐1‐SO4). Extrapolated inhibition binding constants (Ki) gave the values of 3, 25, and 315 μM for GlcNAc‐SO4, Glc‐6‐SO4, and Glc‐1‐SO4 respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:59–66, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10061
Why capacity trumps costs
Authors: Yu‐Lee Reginald Tomas
Published: March 2003

Understanding how to reduce costs is not hard. But savings accrue only from acting on improvement ideas, and
only then will there be any financial benefit. Ultimately, companies have to execute effectual management
practices to successfully manage their costs. To effectively utilize capacity, a company's managers must
take extra steps to reduce the capacity or else pay less for it. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.
Performance excellence through activity value management
Authors: Higgins Brian , Young S. Mark
Published: March 2003

This article introduces a new way to think about managing information. This approach, known as
“activity value management,” focuses on improvement methods and uses a coordinated approach to
integrating information. This is necessary because improvement initiatives are often suboptimized simply because
of a lack of coordination. When—as frequently happens—these programs are sponsored by various
organizational silos, they often have to compete for resources, funding, management support, and commitment.
Because no overarching structure exists to link the outcomes of these various improvement efforts, the overall
strategic vision of the enterprise often goes unmet. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new look at manufacturing using CAM‐I's capacity management model
Authors: Muras Andrew , Rodriguez Marlene
Published: March 2003

A capacity management model helps managers evaluate capacity by providing a visual presentation of problem
areas. This can lead to much‐needed insight to address many management issues in manufacturing and
production. This article outlines an application of the capacity model developed by the Consortium for Advanced
Manufacturing‐International (CAM‐I), along with the synergistic efforts of product
costing and process improvement initiatives. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Operational resource accounting
Authors: Stenzel Catherine , Stenzel Joe
Published: March 2003

Operational resource accounting provides a more integrated, cross‐functional perspective on
organizational resources than conventional analytical methods. Its tenets include the belief that people are the
most important process, product, and purpose; that pricing is a partnership, not a competition; and
that internal projects and initiatives are all about renewal of people and processes. © 2003 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
Coordinate down‐regulation of cartilage matrix gene expression in Bcl‐2 deficient chondrocytes is associated with decreased SOX9 expression and decreased mRNA stability
Authors: Kinkel Mary D. , Horton Walter E.
Published: March 2003

The anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 has been shown to function in roles unrelated to apoptosis in a variety of cell types. We have previously reported that loss of Bcl‐2 expression alters chondrocyte morphology and modulates aggrecan expression via an apoptosis‐independent pathway. Here we show that Bcl‐2 is required for chondrocytes to maintain expression of a variety of cartilage‐specific matrix proteins. Using quantitative, real‐time PCR, we demonstrate that Bcl‐2‐deficient chondrocytes coordinately down‐regulate genes coding for hyaline cartilage matrix proteins including collagen II, collagen IX, aggrecan, and link protein. The decrease in steady‐state level of these mRNA transcripts results, in part, from decreased mRNA stability in Bcl‐2‐deficient chondrocytes. Transcriptional regulation is also likely involved because chondrocytes with decreased Bcl‐2 levels show decreased expression of SOX9, a transcription factor necessary for expressing the major cartilage matrix proteins. In contrast, chondrocytes constitutively expressing Bcl‐2 have a stable phenotype when subjected to loss of serum factor signaling. These cells maintain high levels of SOX9, as well as the SOX9 targets collagen II and aggrecan. These results suggest that Bcl‐2 is involved in a pathway important for maintaining a stable chondrocyte phenotype. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 941–953, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of various genes is controlled by DNA methylation during mammalian development
Authors: Ehrlich Melanie
Published: March 2003

Despite thousands of articles about 5‐methylcytosine (m5C) residues in vertebrate DNA, there is still controversy concerning the role of genomic m5C in normal vertebrate development. Inverse correlations between expression and methylation are seen for many gene regulatory regions [Heard et al., 1997; Attwood et al., 2002; Plass and Soloway, 2002] although much vertebrate DNA methylation is in repeated sequences [Ehrlich et al., 1982]. At the heart of this debate is whether vertebrate DNA methylation has mainly a protective role in limiting expression of foreign DNA elements and endogenous transposons [Walsh and Bestor, 1999] or also is important in the regulation of the expression of diverse vertebrate genes involved in differentiation [Attwood et al., 2002]. Enough thorough studies have now been reported to show that many tissue‐ or development‐specific changes in methylation at vertebrate promoters, enhancers, or insulators regulate expression and are not simply inconsequential byproducts of expression differences. One line of evidence comes from mutants with inherited alterations in genes encoding DNA methyltransferases and from rodents or humans with somatically acquired changes in DNA methylation that illustrate the disease‐producing effects of abnormal methylation. Another type of evidence derives from studies of in vivo correlations between tissue‐specific changes in DNA methylation and gene expression coupled with experiments demonstrating cause‐and‐effect associations between DNA hyper‐ or hypomethylation and gene expression. In this review, I summarize some of the strong evidence from both types of studies. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that DNA methylation in mammals modulates expression of many genes during development, causing major changes in or important fine‐tuning of expression. Also, I discuss previously established and newly hypothesized mechanisms for this epigenetic control. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 899–910, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling zinc in biomolecules with the self consistent charge‐density functional tight binding (SCC‐DFTB) method: Applications to structural and energetic analysis
Authors: Elstner Marcus , Cui Qiang , Munih Petra , Kaxiras Efthimios , Frauenheim Thomas , Karplus Martin
Published: March 2003

Parameters for the zinc ion have been developed in the self‐consistent charge density functional tight‐binding (SCC‐DFTB) framework. The approach was tested against B3LYP calculations for a range of systems, including small molecules that contain the typical coordination environment of zinc in biological systems (cysteine, histidine, glutamic/aspartic acids, and water) and active site models for a number of enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase, and aminopeptidase. The SCC‐DFTB approach reproduces structural and energetic properties rather reliably (e.g., total and relative ligand binding energies and deprotonation energies of ligands and barriers for zinc‐assisted proton transfers), as compared with B3LYP/6‐311+G** or MP2/6‐311+G** calculations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 565–581, 2003
Prediction of IQ in the Mayo Older Adult Normative sample using multiple methods
Authors: McCarthy Frances M. , Sellers Alfred H. , Burns William J. , Smith Glenn , Ivnik R. J. , Malec J. F.
Published: March 2003

Using the Mayo Older Adult Normative sample (Ivnik et al., 1992) as our database, we developed regression models for estimating premorbid Full Scale (FSIQs), Verbal (VIQs), and Performance (PIQs) IQs for elderly adults. Age, years of education, and sex were the only demographic variables that showed sufficient variability; therefore, they were used as predictor variables in three stepwise procedures. The Mayo Normative FSIQs, VIQs, and PIQs served as the dependent variables. Both education and sex added significantly to the accounting of variance of both FSIQ and VIQ ( p < .001), whereas education ( p < .001) and age ( p < .05) were significant predictors of PIQ. These models produced statistically significant multiple Rs of .54, .58, and .35 ( p < .0001), with standard errors of estimate of 9.02, 8.28, and 10.77 for FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ, respectively. Estimated FSIQs generated with the present model and the model developed by Barona and colleagues (Barona, Reynolds, & Chastain, 1984) were compared. The correlation between estimated IQs was large, the mean difference between IQs was very small, the standard deviations were nearly equal, and the categorical distributions of the two were similar. Because the Barona model is likely to be familiar to most clinicians, these findings argue in favor of the continued use of the Barona model, even when assessing people older than the WAIS‐R normative sample. Extensions of these models to the WAIS‐III also are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 457–463, 2003.
A preliminary validation of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) inventory with normal adolescent samples
Authors: Osman Augustine , Gutierrez Peter M. , Jiandani Jason , Kopper Beverly A. , Barrios Francisco X. , Linden Sena C. , Truelove Ronald S.
Published: March 2003

The present study evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI; Osman, Gutierrez, Kopper, Barrios, & Chiros, 1998) inventory in a sample of high‐school youths. The PANSI is designed as a measure of risk and protective factors related to suicidal behavior. Participants (114 boys and 103 girls) completed the PANSI and other self‐report instruments. Results of the confirmatory factor analyses supported adequate fit of the 2‐factor oblique model to the sample data. Both factor scales attained adequate levels of reliability. Boys and girls did not differ in their responses to the PANSI scales. The PANSI scale scores were associated with scores from related measures. Logistic‐regression analyses were used to evaluate the contributions of the PANSI scale scores to differentiate between the study groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses, using data from the psychiatric suicide risk and high‐school control youths, were used to identify cutoff scores of 1.63 and 3.33 for the PANSI‐negative and PANSI‐positive scales, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 493–512, 2003.
Study on tooth development, past, present, and future
Authors: Jung Han‐Sung , Hitoshi Yamamoto , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: March 2003

For decades, the understanding of craniofacial development has been a central issue in odontology and developmental biology. As a consequence, a significant number of deformities are being studied for their variety of genotype and phenotype. Although there is little doubt about the essential roles of homeobox genes, transcription factors, and growth factors, we now know at least the fundamental strategy of craniofacial biology. The tooth as an organ performs a whole range of functions, each of which is truly indispensable for the maintenance of life. The possession of teeth is, therefore, obviously coupled with the complication of the natural structure of an individual organism. In the following, we shall focus on a brief history of tooth studies and some suggestions for obtaining a full understanding of teeth in the future. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:480–482, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preservation of the negative image of tooth enamel with dental impression material enhances morphometric measurements of gingival overgrowth
Authors: Miller Marian L. , Andringa Anastasia , Turner Lloyd T. , Dalton Timothy P. , Derkenne Sandrine , Nebert Daniel W.
Published: March 2003

Gingival overgrowth is a common health problem caused by genetic and environmental risk factors. Animal models for quantitative histological studies are needed to uncover genetic predisposition and dose‐response data that might put individuals at increased risk for gingival disease. Gingival height, thickness, inflammation, and the degree of encroachment of gingiva over the tooth, are clinical measures of overgrowth; most of these parameters can be measured histologically, but in order to quantify gingival coverage of the tooth, the image of the crown must be present. Tooth and bone typically require decalcification for histology; thus, the tooth crown, a critical landmark, is lost. We describe a method for imaging the crown histologically, using impression materials applied to dissected mouse mandibles. Four dental alginates, three polyvinyl siloxanes, and one polyether and gelatin were used. The impression‐material/mandibular tissue blocks were processed routinely. Polyvinyl siloxanes were incompatible with embedding resin; alginates, polyether and gelatin could be fixed, decalcified, embedded, and sectioned. Alginates and gelatin could be stained. Success in imaging the tooth crown varied with the preparation, but the alginates, polyether, and gelatin permitted a useful degree of measurement of exposed crown and enamel thickness, along with other morphometric parameters such as thickness of the dentin, lateral mandibular ramus, rete pegs, height of the gingiva, and volume density of vessels and inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. In conclusion, this new application for impression materials allows gingival coverage of tooth crown, as well as numerous other parameters to be measured for comparison with clinical data. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:528–536, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capital requirements and bank behaviour: an empirical analysis of Indian public sector banks
Authors: Ghosh Saibal , Nachane D. M. , Narain Aditya , Sahoo Satyananda
Published: March 2003

Consequent upon the introduction of prudential norms as an integral part of financial sector reforms, the present paper investigates the relationship between changes in risk and capital in the Indian banking sector. A dynamic, multivariate panel regression model is formulated wherein changes in capital ratio depend on its lagged value, a range of conditioning variables and regulatory dummies. Our analysis reveals that: (i) the regulatory framework needs to be designed to encourage individual banks to maintain higher than stipulated capital levels to reflect their differential risk profiles; and (ii) there is no conclusive evidence of risk aversion among Indian banks. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term poverty dynamics in rural Indonesia during the economic crisis
Authors: Suryahadi Asep , Widyanti Wenefrida , Sumarto Sudarno
Published: March 2003

During the economic crisis, the poverty rate in Indonesia changed relatively quickly in short periods of time, implying that there were a large number of households which moved in and out of poverty relatively frequently and experienced relatively short periods of poverty. Using panel data of over 10,000 rural households which were visited four times in 14 months, this study finds that changes that took place at the household level were even greater than what were indicated by the aggregate figures. The total number of households which experienced a change in their poverty status have always been found to be substantial and much greater than the change in poverty rate. Hence, looking only at the changes in the total poverty rate could give a misleading impression on the actual poverty dynamics of households. The analysis also indicates that in order to be invulnerable to poverty, households need to have a mean real per capita consumption over time which is substantially higher than the poverty line. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Financial liberalization, financial development and economic growth in LDCs
Authors: Andersen Thomas Barnebeck , Tarp Finn
Published: March 2003

The objective of this paper is to survey what is actually known about the finance–growth relationship based on theory and empirical work. We point out that traditional theoretical models linking financial development and economic growth do not pay sufficient attention to insights emerging from modern information economics. Markets with asymmetric information are not in general constrained Pareto efficient; and increased banking sector competition, following financial liberalization, will not necessarily induce efficient financial intermediation. Increased competition is likely to erode franchise values, which may, in turn, generate an unstable banking environment where gambling behaviour on the part of the banks is prevalent. Increased competition can also discourage relationship‐banking, and it disturbs what may actually be a constrained efficient mode of contracting in a dynamic setting characterized by asymmetric information. We argue that these problems are further aggravated by the massive task of building an appropriate institutional and regulatory framework designed to effectively curb imprudent bank behaviour. Turning to the empirical evidence, it is shown that the alledged first‐order effect whereby financial development causes growth is not adequately supported by econometric work. The empirical evidence on the finance–growth nexus does not yield any clear‐cut picture. By way of conclusion, we question whether financial development, in the sense of increased formal financial sector intermediation in a deregulated environment can be expected to act as ‘engine of growth’ in the development process; and we argue in favour of a more cautious approach to financial sector reform. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.