bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tapping Rural Women Entrepreneurship Through Self-Help Micro-Credit
Authors: Sudan Falendra Kumar
Published: December 2018

The chapter reveals that women's role in enterprise and household decision making, their access to assets, and control over self-earnings have improved significantly among client and non-client groups. Self-help credit program (SHCP) has facilitated them to make decisions for their personal needs, availing treatment, recreational facilities, and participate independently in household decision making. However, SHCP should incorporate necessary steps to enhance empowerment of women irrespective of their duration in program, types of economic activities, and marital status. In order to transform SHCP into a genuine livelihood diversification and gender strategy, women's empowerment needs to be understood as more than a marginal increase in access to income, and/or consultation in limited areas of enterprise and household decision making and/or occasional meetings with a small group of other women.
Abbreviated National Early Warning Score predicts the need for hospital admission and in-hospital mortality in elderly patients
Authors: Mitsunaga Toshiya , Hujita Masahiko , Hasegawa Izumu , Otani Kei , Okuno Kenji , Ohtaki Yuhei , Seki Yutaka , Mashiko Kunihiro , Takeda Satoshi
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of the Abbreviated National Early Warning Score (aNEWS) for predicting admissions and in-hospital mortality in elderly patients present to Emergency Department (ED). This retrospective, single-centred observational study was carried out in the ED of Minamitama Hospital, in Tokyo, Japan from 1 April 2018 to 30 April 2018. All of the patients aged 65 and older were included in this study. The aNEWS is based on six common physiological vital signs, including peripheral oxygen saturation, the presence of inhaled oxygen parameters, body temperature, systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and the Alert, responds to Voice, responds to Pain, Unresponsive score. The scores range from 0 and 3 for each parameter. The aNEWS ranged from a score of 0 to a maximum of 17. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of the aNEWS for admission and in-hospital mortality. The median aNEWS of patients admitted to the hospital was significantly higher than that of patients discharged from the ED (P<0.001). The median aNEWS of survivors was significantly higher than that of non-survivors (P<0.001). The Areas under the ROC Curve (AUC) for predicting admission was 0.773 [95% CI 0.7142 to 0.8317, P<0.001] for the aNEWS. The AUC for predicting in-hospital mortality was 0.791 [95% CI 0.604 to 0.978, P<0.001] for the aNEWS. Our single-centred study has demonstrated the utility of the aNEWS as a predictor of patient admission and in-hospital mortality in elderly patients.
Ultrasound diagnosis of lung herniation: The push-out sign
Authors: Iaboli Luca , Baldini Luca , Galassini Roberto , Copetti Roberto
Published: December 2018

Lung ultrasound is an expanding field and is becoming a standard of care. Its various bedside applications have modified many diagnostic paths from the newborn to the geriatric patient. In this case report, we describe and show a new sign of the lung ultrasound semeiotics, the push-out sign.
Chapter 3: Theoretical issues
Authors: Van Staden P.
Published: December 2018

No abstract available.
Chapter 2 : The current debate: Galilee versus Jerusalem in Mark's story of Jesus
Authors: Lohmeyer E.
Published: December 2018

No abstract available.
Case comment: the unauthorized use of the image of a football player in videogames as a violation of image rights in Brazil
Authors: Westenberger Paula
Published: December 2018

This case comment analyses a decision by the São Paulo Court of Appeal in a case concerning whether the use of the image of a football player in a videogame, without the athlete's permission, constituted a violation of his image rights. The Court of Appeal found that the use of the image of a public person, without their consent, in a commercial activity with no relevant public interest to be protected, harms a fundamental personality right and generates the right to compensate for damages.
The logic of the nation: Nationalism, formal logic, and interwar Poland
Authors: Dunning David E.
Published: December 2018

Between the World Wars, a robust research community emerged in the nascent discipline of mathematical logic in Warsaw. Logic in Warsaw grew out of overlapping imperial legacies, launched mainly by Polish-speaking scholars who had trained in Habsburg universities and had come during the First World War to the University of Warsaw, an institution controlled until recently by Russia and reconstructed as Polish under the auspices of German occupation. The intellectuals who formed the Warsaw School of Logic embraced a patriotic Polish identity. Competitive nationalist attitudes were common among interwar scientists – a stance historians have called “Olympic internationalism,” in which nationalism and internationalism interacted as complementary rather than conflicting impulses.One of the School’s leaders, Jan Łukasiewicz, developed a system of notation that he promoted as a universal tool for logical research and communication. A number of his compatriots embraced it, but few logicians outside Poland did; Łukasiewicz’s notation thus inadvertently served as a distinctively national vehicle for his and his colleagues’ output. What he had intended as his most universally applicable invention became instead a respected but provincialized way of writing. Łukasiewicz’s system later spread in an unanticipated form, when postwar computer scientists found aspects of its design practical for working under the specific constraints of machinery; they developed a modified version for programming called “Reverse Polish Notation” (RPN). RPN attained a measure of international currency that Polish notation in logic never had, enjoying a global career in a different discipline outside its namesake country. The ways in which versions of the notation spread, and remained or did not remain “Polish” as they traveled, depended on how readers (whether in mathematical logic or computer science) chose to read it; the production of a nationalized science was inseparable from its international reception.
Escritas em passagens, investigadores infantes e matemáticas brincantes
Authors: Flores Cláudia Regina , Kerscher Mônica Maria , Francisco Bruno Moreno
Published: December 2018

Este artigo é uma escrita em passagem que se debruça sobre investigadores infantes que brincam com um modo de investigar e um modo de escrever: uma escrita de pesquisa e uma pesquisa de escrita. Abrimo-nos à poesia para fazer, falar e escrever pesquisas em educação matemática, buscando tecer um modo de escrita que oferece mais pensamentos do que fundamentos. Pensamentos que, em seu devir, podem não ser nada, embora seja apenas deste modo que estamos determinados a escrever uma pesquisa dita acadêmica.
O matemático e a barata
Authors: Santos João Ricardo Viola dos
Published: December 2018

Três amigos se encontram, não exatamente no mesmo espaço e tempo. Eles falam de suas vidas, profissões, demandas e tarefas diárias. Um 13º cenário é a formação matemática de professores de matemática. Outro 26º é um modo de problematizar políticas e estéticas de pesquisa na área de Educação Matemática – provocando algumas faíscas, inventando (sendo inventado) outras possibilidades. Qualquer outro cenário pode ser produzido, dependendo do pacto que cada leitor, digo autor deste texto, possa se interessar. Angústias, contradições, suspensões, desconstruções, circunstâncias da formação inicial de professores e de modos de produção/invenção de pesquisa em Educação Matemática são produzidos. Este é o primeiro ato. Pequenas frases (podem) provocam algumas sensações, intensidades, demandas para (possíveis) outros modos de produzir significados. Elas não explicam, nem mesmo de sistematizam algo. Elas apenas estão e, por estarem, constituem possíveis possibilidades. Não indicam, afetam. Não explicam, deixam em suspensão. Este é o segundo ato. Talvez, a ficção possa oferecer outras possibilidades para problematizar (e nos problematizarmos) nossas práticas culturais e nossos movimentos de teorizações. Um modo de ver, produzir, inventar, ser afetado e sentir o que do outro pode ter algum efeito em mim – sempre em tentativas de colocar nossas identidades em risco. Ficção como processo, como movimento. Apenas outro.
Nas dobras de práticas de licenciatura em matemática: um exercício narrativo antropofágico de rigor
Authors: Gomes Danilo Olimpio
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é proporcionar ao leitor um encontro com uma situação ficcional composta em forma de intermezzo, ou seja, de intervalo improvisado entre dois atos de uma peça musical. Por meio de um corte-devir num desdobramento do chamado paradoxo de Russell, a intenção é levar o leitor a desmontar-se junto às entrelinhas dessa peça musical torta e dissonante, de forma a compor junto a ela suas próprias interpretações acerca da formação do professor de matemática, bem como de todas as ramificações que desse tema podem desabrochar. Um encontro com dedos, tentando capturar notas na velocidade infinita de uma obra sempre inacabada. Um mergulho em linhas emaranhadas, notas vibráteis, agenciadoras de desejos, sempre à espreita de linhas de fuga.
How Marine Emissions of Bromoform Impact the Remote Atmosphere
Authors: Jia Yue , Tegtmeier Susann , Atlas Elliot , Quack Birgit
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Oceanic emissions of very short lived halocarbons (VSLH), such as CHBr3, are important for the halogen budget of the atmosphere. It is an open question how localized elevated emissions in coastal and upwelling regions and low background emissions, typically found over the open ocean, impact the atmospheric VSLH distribution. In this study, we use the Lagrangian dispersion model FLEXPART to simulate atmospheric CHBr3 resulting from uniform background emissions, on the one hand, and from elevated emissions observed during three tropical cruise campaigns, on the other hand. The simulations demonstrate that the atmospheric CHBr3 distributions due to uniform background emissions are highly variable with accumulations taking place in regions of low wind speed. This relation holds on regional and global scales demonstrating the importance of the atmospheric transport for the distribution of short-lived trace gases with lifetimes in the range of days to weeks. The impact of localized elevated emissions, measured during three research cruises, on the atmospheric CHBr3 distribution varies significantly from campaign to campaign. The estimated impact depends on the strength of the emissions and the meteorological conditions. In the open waters of the western Pacific and Indian Ocean, localized elevated emissions only slightly increases the background concentrations of atmospheric CHBr3, even when 1° wide source regions along the cruise tracks are assumed. Near the coast, elevated emissions, including hotspots up to 100 times larger than the uniform background emissions, can be strong enough to be distinguished from the atmospheric background. However, it is not necessarily the highest hotspot emission that produces the largest enhancement, since the tug-of-war between fast advective transport and local accumulation at the time of emission is also important. Our analyses contribute to a better understanding and prediction of the timing and regional characteristics of tropospheric CHBr3 distribution. Significantly, our results demonstrate that transport variations of the atmosphere itself are sufficient to produce highly variable VSLH distributions, and elevated VSLH in the atmosphere do not always reflect a strong localized source. Localized elevated emissions can be obliterated by the highly variable atmospheric background, even if they are orders of magnitude larger than the average open ocean emissions.
Particle wall-loss correction methods in smog chamber experiments
Authors: Wang Ningxin , Jorga Spiro D. , Pierce Jeffery R. , Donahue Neil M. , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The interaction of particles with the chamber walls has been a
significant source of uncertainty when analyzing results of secondary organic
aerosol (SOA) formation experiments performed in Teflon chambers. A number of
particle wall-loss correction methods have been proposed including the use of
a size-independent loss rate constant, the ratio of suspended organic mass to
that of a conserved tracer (e.g., sulfate seeds), and a size-dependent loss rate
constant, etc. For complex experiments such as the chemical aging of SOA, the
results of the SOA quantification analysis can be quite sensitive to the
adopted correction method due to the evolution of the particle size
distribution and the duration of these experiments. We evaluated the performance of several particle wall-loss correction methods
for aging experiments of α-pinene ozonolysis products. Determining
the loss rates from seed loss periods is necessary for this system because it
is not clear when chemical reactions have been completed. Results from the
OA ∕ sulfate ratio and the size-independent
correction methods can be influenced significantly by the size dependence of
the particle wall-loss process. Coagulation can also affect the particle size
distribution, especially for particles with diameter less than 100 nm, thus
introducing errors in the results of the wall-loss correction. The
corresponding loss rate constants may vary from experiment to experiment, and
even during a specific experiment. Friction between the Teflon chamber walls
and non-conductive surfaces can significantly increase particle wall-loss
rates and the chamber may require weeks to recover to its original condition.
Experimental procedures are proposed for the characterization of particle
losses during different stages of these experiments and the evaluation of
corresponding particle wall-loss correction.
Ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 using airborne remote sensing at Mammoth Mountain, California
Authors: Cawse-Nicholson Kerry , Fisher Joshua B. , Famiglietti Caroline A. , Braverman Amy , Schwandner Florian M. , Lewicki Jennifer L. , Townsend Philip A. , Schimel David S. , Pavlick Ryan , Bormann Kathryn J. , Ferraz Antonio , Kang Emily L. , Ma Pulong , Bogue Robert R. , Youmans Thomas , Pieri David C.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We present an exploratory study examining the use of airborne
remote-sensing observations to detect ecological responses to elevated
CO2 emissions from active volcanic systems. To evaluate these
ecosystem responses, existing spectroscopic, thermal, and lidar data acquired
over forest ecosystems on Mammoth Mountain volcano, California, were
exploited, along with in situ measurements of persistent volcanic soil
CO2 fluxes. The elevated CO2 response was used to
statistically model ecosystem structure, composition, and function, evaluated
via data products including biomass, plant foliar traits and vegetation
indices, and evapotranspiration (ET). Using regression ensemble models, we
found that soil CO2 flux was a significant predictor for ecological
variables, including canopy greenness (normalized vegetation difference
index, NDVI), canopy nitrogen, ET, and biomass. With increasing CO2,
we found a decrease in ET and an increase in canopy nitrogen, both consistent
with theory, suggesting more water- and nutrient-use-efficient canopies.
However, we also observed a decrease in NDVI with increasing CO2 (a
mean NDVI of 0.27 at 200 g m−2 d−1 CO2 reduced to a mean
NDVI of 0.10 at 800 g m−2 d−1 CO2). This is inconsistent
with theory though consistent with increased efficiency of fewer leaves. We
found a decrease in above-ground biomass with increasing CO2, also
inconsistent with theory, but we did also find a decrease in biomass
variance, pointing to a long-term homogenization of structure with elevated
CO2. Additionally, the relationships between ecological variables
changed with elevated CO2, suggesting a shift in coupling/decoupling
among ecosystem structure, composition, and function synergies. For example,
ET and biomass were significantly correlated for areas without elevated
CO2 flux but decoupled with elevated CO2 flux. This study
demonstrates that (a) volcanic systems show great potential as a means to
study the properties of ecosystems and their responses to elevated
CO2 emissions and (b) these ecosystem responses are measurable using a
suite of airborne remotely sensed data.
Geographic distribution of free-living marine nematodes in the Clarion–Clipperton Zone: implications for future deep-sea mining scenarios
Authors: Hauquier Freija , Macheriotou Lara , Bezerra Tania N. , Egho Great , Martínez Arbizu Pedro , Vanreusel Ann
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Mining of polymetallic nodules in abyssal seafloor sediments promises to address the growing worldwide demand for metallic minerals. Given that prospective mining operations are likely to have profound impacts on deep seafloor communities, industrial investment has been accompanied by scientific involvement for the assessment of baseline conditions and provision of guidelines for environmentally sustainable mining practices. Benthic meiofaunal communities were studied in four prospective mining areas of the Clarion–Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the east Pacific Ocean, arranged in a southeast-northwest fashion coinciding with the productivity gradient in the area. Additionally, samples were collected from an Area of Particular Environmental Interest (APEI-3) in the northwest of the CCZ where mining will be prohibited and which should serve as a source area for the biota within the larger CCZ. Total densities in the 0–5 upper cm layer of the sediment were influenced by sedimentary characteristics, water depth and nodule density at the various sampling locations, indicating the importance of nodules for meiofaunal standing stock. Nematodes were the most abundant meiobenthic taxon and displayed a relatively similar community composition for the different areas. Assemblages were typically dominated by a few genera (generally 2–6), accounting for 40–70 % of all individuals, as well as a large number of rare genera each contributing less than 5 % to the overall abundances. Dominant genera were widely spread within the CCZ and shared among all sampled license areas, whereas rare genera were usually limited to one. The same trend was present when looking at the species level of one of the dominant genera, Halalaimus, implying that it might be mainly these rare genera and species that will be affected by changes in their habitat due to mining activities.
Using CALIOP to estimate cloud-field base height and its uncertainty: the Cloud Base Altitude Spatial Extrapolator (CBASE) algorithm and dataset
Authors: Mülmenstädt Johannes , Sourdeval Odran , Henderson David S. , L'Ecuyer Tristan S. , Unglaub Claudia , Jungandreas Leonore , Böhm Christoph , Russell Lynn M. , Quaas Johannes
Published: December 2018

Abstract. A technique is presented that uses attenuated backscatter profiles from the
CALIOP satellite lidar to estimate cloud base heights of lower-troposphere
liquid clouds (cloud base height below approximately 3 km). Even when clouds are
thick enough to attenuate the lidar beam (optical thickness τ≳5),
the technique provides cloud base heights by treating the cloud base height of
nearby thinner clouds as representative of the surrounding cloud field. Using
ground-based ceilometer data, uncertainty estimates for the cloud base height
product at retrieval resolution are derived as a function of various
properties of the CALIOP lidar profiles. Evaluation of the predicted cloud
base heights and their predicted uncertainty using a second statistically
independent ceilometer dataset shows that cloud base heights and
uncertainties are biased by less than 10 %. Geographic distributions of cloud
base height and its uncertainty are presented. In some regions, the
uncertainty is found to be substantially smaller than the 480 m
uncertainty assumed in the A-Train surface downwelling longwave estimate,
potentially permitting the most uncertain of the radiative fluxes in the
climate system to be better constrained. The cloud base dataset is available
at https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/CBASE.
Revised records of atmospheric trace gases CO2, CH4, N2O and δ13C-O2
over the last 2000 years from Law Dome, Antarctica
Authors: Rubino Mauro , Etheridge David M. , Thornton David P. , Howden Russell , Allison Colin E. , Francey Roger J. , Langenfelds Ray L. , Steele Paul L. , Trudinger Cathy M. , Spencer Darren A. , Curran Mark A. J. , Van Ommen Tas D. , Smith Andrew M.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Ice core records of the major atmospheric greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) and their isotopologues covering recent centuries provide evidence of biogeochemical variations during the Late-Holocene and Pre-Industrial Periods and over the transition to the Industrial Period. These records come from a number of ice core and firn air sites, and have been measured in several laboratories around the world and show common features, but also unresolved differences. Here we present revised records, including new measurements, performed at the CSIRO Ice Core Extraction LABoratory (ICELAB) on air samples from ice obtained at the high accumulation site of Law Dome (East Antarctica). We are motivated by the increasing use of the records by the scientific community and by recent data-handling developments at CSIRO-ICELAB. A number of cores and firn air samples have been collected at Law Dome to provide high resolution records overlapping recent, direct atmospheric observations. The records have been updated through a dynamic link to the calibration scales used in the Global Atmospheric Sampling LABoratory (GASLAB) at CSIRO, which are periodically revised with information from the latest calibration experiments. The gas-age scales have been revised based on new ice-age scales, and the information derived from a new version of the CSIRO firn diffusion model. Additionally, the records have been revised with new, rule-based selection criteria and updated corrections for biases associated with the extraction procedure, and the effects of gravity and diffusion in the firn. All measurements carried out in ICELAB-GASLAB over the last 25 years are now managed through a database (the ICElab dataBASE or ICEBASE) which provides consistent data management, automatic corrections and selection of measurements, and a web-based user interface for data extraction. We present the new records, discuss their strengths and limitations and summarise their main features. The records reveal changes in the carbon cycle and atmospheric chemistry over the last two millennia, including the major changes of the anthropogenic era and the smaller, mainly natural variations beforehand. They provide the historical data to calibrate and test the next inter-comparison of models used to predict future climate change (Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project - phase 6, CMIP6). The datasets described in this paper, including spline fits, are available at https://doi.org/10.25919/5bfe29ff807fb (Rubino et al., 2018).
Evaluating a fire smoke simulation algorithm in the National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC) by using multiple observation data sets during the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) field campaign
Authors: Pan Li , Kim Hyun Cheol , Lee Pius , Saylor Rick , Tang Youhua , Tong Daniel , Baker Barry , Kondragunta Shobha , Xu Chuanyu , Ruminski Mark G. , Chen Weiwei , Mcqueen Jeff , Stajner Ivanka
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Multiple observation data sets: Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network data, Automated Smoke Detection and Tracking Algorithm (ASDTA), Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke plume shapefiles and aircraft acetonitrile (CH3CN) measurements from the NOAA Southeast Nexus (SENEX) field campaign are used to evaluate the HMS-BlueSky-SMOKE CMAQ fire emissions and smoke plume prediction system. A similar configuration is used in the US National Air Quality Forecasting Capability (NAQFC). The system was found to capture most of the observed fire signals. Usage of HMS-detected fire hotspots and smoke plume information were valuable for both deriving fire emissions and forecast evaluation. This study also helped identified that the operational NAQFC did not include fire contributions through lateral boundary conditions resulting in significant simulation uncertainties. In this study we focused both on system evaluation and evaluation methods. We discussed how to use observational data correctly to filter out fire signals and synergistically use multiple data sets. We also addressed the limitations of each of the observation data sets and evaluation methods.
Copula and ARMA based study of controlled outflow at Farakka barrage
Authors: Singh Uttam , Desai Venkappayya R. , Sharma Pramod K. , Ojha Chandra S. P.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. In this study, 25 years mean monthly out flow discharge data of Farakka barrage was used (i.e., from 1949 to 1968). Farakka barrage is located between on Ganga River. Spatial and temporal variation in flow rate for any particular area is very common due to various meteorological and other factors existing in nature. But large variations in these factors cause extreme events (e. g., floods and droughts). Monthly outflow discharge for a particular critical month are predicted using statistical models (ARMA Model and Copula Model). Different Copulas (i.e., Normal, t, Frank, Clayton, Gumbel–Hoggard, Ali–Mikhail–Haq) are used for this purpose and the copula model is selected based on distribution functions (Normal distribution, Lognormal distribution, Extreme value type-1 distribution, Generalized Extreme value type, Gamma distribution, Weibull distribution, Exponential distribution). The distribution is selected based on the Mean square error (MSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The model parameters were computed using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation method.
Loss assessment of building and content damages from potential
earthquake risk in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Choi Wooil , Park Jae-Woo , Kim Jinhwan
Published: December 2018

Abstract. After the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake and the 2017 Pohang earthquake struck the Korean peninsula, securing financial stability for earthquake risk has become an important issue in Korea. Many domestic researchers are currently studying potential earthquake risk. However, empirical analysis and statistical approach are ambiguous in the case of Korea because no major earthquake has ever occurred on the Korean peninsula since Korean Meteorological Agency started monitoring earthquakes in 1978. This study focuses on evaluating possible losses due to earthquake risk in Seoul, the capital of Korea, by using catastrophe model methodology integrated with GIS (Geographic Information System). The building information such as structure and location is taken from the building registration database and the replacement cost for building is obtained from insurance information. As the seismic design code in KBC (Korea Building Code) is similar to the seismic design code of UBC (Uniform Building Code), the damage functions provided by HAZUS-MH are used to assess the damage state of each building in event of an earthquake. 12 earthquake scenarios are evaluated considering the distribution and characteristics of active fault zones in the Korean peninsula, and damages with loss amounts are calculated for each of the scenarios.
Rapid retreat of permafrost coastline observed with aerial drone photogrammetry
Authors: Cunliffe Andrew M. , Tanski George , Radosavljevic Boris , Palmer William F. , Sachs Torsten , Lantuit Hugues , Kerby Jeffrey T. , Myers-Smith Isla H.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Permafrost landscapes are changing around the Arctic in response to climate warming, with coastal erosion being one of the most prominent and hazardous features. Using drone platforms, satellite images and historic aerial photos, we observed the rapid retreat of a permafrost coastline on Qikiqtaruk–Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Erosion of this coast increasingly threatens the settlement located on the Kuvluraq–Simpson Point gravel spit. This spit accommodates several culturally significant sites and is the logistical base for the Qikiqtaruk–Herschel Island Territorial Park operations. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the effective use of low-cost lightweight drones for: (i) assessing short-term coastal erosion dynamics over fine temporal resolution, (ii) evaluating short-term change detection in the context of long-term observations of shoreline change, and (iii) demonstrating the potential of these measurement tools for park management and decision makers. Using drones, we resurveyed a 500 m permafrost coastal reach at high temporal frequency (seven surveys over 40 days in 2017). The observed intra-seasonal shoreline changes were related to meteorological and oceanographic variables to understand intra-seasonal erosion dynamics. To put our short-term observations into historical context, we integrated analysis of shoreline positions in 2016 and 2017 with historical observations from 1952, 1970, 2000, and 2011. We found drone surveys analysed with image-based modelling yield fine-grain and accurately geolocated observations that are highly suitable to observe intra-seasonal erosion dynamics. In 2017, we observed coastal retreat of 14.5 m a−1, more than six times faster than the long-term average rate of 2.2 ± 0.2 m a−1 (1952–2017). Over a single 4 day period, coastline retreat exceeded 1 ± 0.1 m d−1. Our findings highlight the episodic nature of shoreline change, which is poorly understood along permafrost coastlines. We conclude that the data available from drones is an effective tool to understand better the mechanistic short-term controls on coastal erosion dynamics and thus long-term coastline change, and has strong potential to support local management decisions regarding coastal settlements in rapidly changing Arctic landscapes.
Heterogeneous spatial and temporal pattern of surface elevation change and mass balance of the Patagonian icefields between 2000 and 2016
Authors: Abdel Jaber Wael , Rott Helmut , Floricioiu Dana , Wuite Jan , Miranda Nuno
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The Northern and Southern Patagonian icefields (NPI and SPI) have been subject to accelerated retreat during the last decades with considerable variability in magnitude and timing among individual glaciers. We derive spatially detailed maps of surface elevation change (SEC) of NPI and SPI from bistatic SAR interferometry data of SRTM and TanDEM-X for two epochs, 2000–2012 and 2012–2016 and provide data on changes in surface elevation and ice volume for the individual glaciers and for the icefields at large. We apply advanced TanDEM-X processing techniques allowing to cover 90 % and 95 % of the area of NPI and 97 % and 98 % of the area of SPI for the two epochs, respectively. Particular attention is paid to precisely coregistering the DEMs, assessing and accounting for possible effects of radar signal penetration through backscatter analysis, and correcting for seasonality biases in case of deviations in repeat DEM coverage from full annual time spans. The results show a different temporal trend between the two icefields and reveal a heterogeneous spatial pattern of SEC and mass balance caused by different sensitivities in respect to direct climatic forcing and ice flow dynamics of individual glaciers. The estimated volume change rates for NPI are −4.26 ± 0.20 km3 a−1 for epoch 1 and −5.60 ± 0.71 km3 a−1 for epoch 2, while for SPI these are −14.87 ± 0.51 km3 a−1 for epoch 1 and −11.86 ± 1.90 km3 a−1 for epoch 2. This amounts to 0.047 ± 0.005 mm a−1 eustatic sea level rise for both icefields during the epoch 2000–2016. On SPI the spatial pattern of surface elevation change is more complex than on NPI and the temporal trend is less uniform. On terminus sections of the main calving glaciers of SPI temporal variations of flow velocities are a main factor for differences in SEC between the two epochs. Striking differences are observed even on adjoining glaciers, such as Upsala Glacier with decreasing mass losses associated with slowdown of flow velocity between the two epochs, contrasting with acceleration and increase of mass losses on Viedma Glacier.
AgVenture: Establishing the Link between STEM and Agriculture
Authors: Ridgeway Becky , Brown Virginia
Published: December 2018

Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education is an integral part of primary school curriculum. AgVenture allows Extension to teach 4th graders about the connection between STEM and agriculture. Extension educators in Maryland developed hands-on activities around animals, plant sciences and nutrition, while linking station-specific activities back to STEM standards. Pretests and posttests show a statistically significant change in STEM-related knowledge by students, while feedback from teachers demonstrates the educational value of the program. Because of these results, AgVenture has grown and now has a waiting list of interested schools. The success of the AgVenture program can be replicated in other Extension programs throughout Maryland and nationwide.
Reframing “Failure” in Making: The Value of Play, Social Relationships, and Ownership
Authors: Ryoo Jean J. , Kekelis Linda
Published: December 2018

Building on grit and growth mindset literature, the “maker mindset” celebrates persistence through failure as key to inspiring creativity in making education. Yet, moving beyond examinations of individual persistence and assumptions that all people have the same wealth of resources to persevere, when is it worthwhile to work through challenging projects? What supports are necessary for youth to feel safe working through challenges in science, technology, engineering, math, and computing (STEM+C) activities? Using sociocultural theory as a lens, this ethnographic study analyzed observation field notes, videos, photos, student work, and interviews from an after-school making program for high school girls during the 2014-15 school year. Through a comparison of 2 groups—one that persisted through challenging moments and one that did not—this paper reveals the centrality of playfulness, teamwork, and ownership of projects in order to persist through challenges that arise in inquiry-based projects.
More Than Self-Management: Positive Youth Development at an Inclusive Type 1 Diabetic Camp
Authors: Beesley Theresa , Riddell Michael C. , Fraser-Thomas Jessica
Published: December 2018

Diabetes-focused camps emerged as a way to provide ongoing diabetes self-management education to youth and their families in a physically active context. Past research suggests participation at camp can enhance youths’ glycemic control and glucose monitoring abilities; however, recent studies claim camps can also offer psychological and social benefits. Drawing upon a positive youth development (PYD) approach, the current study examined an inclusive diabetic-focused youth sport camp to (a) identify life skills developed, and (b) explain processes and factors involved in youths’ development of life skills. Focus groups were conducted with 54 youth living with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) attending an inclusive T1DM sport camp. The model of PYD through sport (Holt et al., 2017) guided the analysis. PYD outcomes (i.e., life skills developed through the camp) were (a) enhanced self-efficacy for self-monitoring of blood glucose, (b) enhanced self-efficacy for sport while living with T1DM, and (c) development of positive relationships. These outcomes were facilitated through the camp’s inclusive approach (i.e., including youth living with and without T1DM), and a PYD climate (implicitly), which included supportive relationships with counsellors and peers, and interestingly, the lack of parental involvement at the camp. The camp’s explicit life skills program focus (i.e., on diabetes self-care skills) also facilitated these outcomes. This study gives camp professionals insight into how an inclusive T1DM sport camp can facilitate life skills, and optimize PYD.
Latinità non latina: lo "ius Latii" come strumento di integrazione delle comunità provinciali in età repubblicana
Authors: Sisani Simone
Published: December 2018

Il contributo prende in esame alcuni aspetti particolarmente problematici della Latinitas di età tardo-repubblicana ed alto-imperiale: la diffusione in contesti provinciali della colonizzazione di diritto latino, la data di introduzione dello ius adipiscendae civitatis per magistratum, le ragioni giuridiche sottese alla creazione nei decenni finali del I sec. a.C. della nuova categoria del municipium Latinum.
La condición latina provincial: el derecho de "conubium" y la "lex Minicia de liberis"
Authors: García Fernández Estela
Published: December 2018

En este trabajo se quiere demostrar la existencia de conubium como derecho inherente a la condición latina provincial. Para ello se detiene principalmente en el análisis de la lex Minicia de liberis y en la propuesta realizada por G. Luraschi respecto a la datación y destinatarios de dicha ley. Se analiza asimismo la carta del emperador Domiciano recogida al final de la lex Irnitana por cuanto que esta carta, junto con la lex Minicia son utilizados con frecuencia para negar que los latinos provinciales disfrutasen del derecho de conubium. Se defiende finalmente la datación tradicional de la lex Minicia en un momento anterior a la guerra Social y por tanto la necesidad de desvincular sus restricciones del estudio de la latinidad de época imperial.
"Ius Latii" e "leges municipii" di epoca Flavia
Authors: Lamberti Francesca
Published: December 2018

Il contributo tratta delle questioni ancora aperte in materia di ius Latii, in particolare per quanto attiene alla sua declinazione nei municipia iberici di età Flavia. Si occupa delle questioni interpretative scaturenti da Plin. HN 3.3.30; dei dubbi concernenti la ricostruzione del ius Latii come ‘Personenrecht’ o ‘Gemeinderecht’; dei quesiti attinenti alla diffusione dei municipia con ius Latii in Spagna a partire da Augusto e della ‘svolta’ avvenuta con Vespasiano.
Os impactos do PAR na educação infantil do campo: um estudo exploratório
Authors: Dos Santos Arlete Ramos , Teixeira Silva Elenice De Brito , Daltro Alves Cândida Maria Santos
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os impactos do Plano de Ações Articuladas - PAR - na política de educação infantil do campo em três municípios da Bahia, a saber: Ilhéus, Itabuna e Vitória da Conquista. A pesquisa realizada foi qualitativa, de natureza exploratória, cujos instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: revisão de literatura, entrevistas semiestruturadas, questionários e análise documental. Dentre os sujeitos da pesquisa temos pessoas das secretarias de educação que atuam no monitoramento do PAR, bem como, integrantes da coordenação de escolas do campo. Os resultados apontam que algumas ações das dimensões do PAR foram implementadas nos municípios pesquisados por meio de vários programas educacionais, porém, os dados evidenciaram que o pacto federativo, embora articule diferentes dimensões para o atendimento educacional, ainda não significa um avanço na cobertura do atendimento às crianças de 0 a 5 anos no campo, tampouco, na consideração das especificidades das práticas educativas nessa etapa da educação.
Trilhas da avaliação da educação superior no Brasil: Os (des)caminhos em direção ao Sinaes
Authors: Santos Margareth Guerra dos
Published: December 2018

Neste artigo pretende-se desenhar o caminho percorrido pelas reformas na Educação Superior, no cenário latino-americano e brasileiro, propiciando, assim, a implantação de políticas para a educação superior que visavam a criação de um sistema de avaliação da qualidade da educação superior brasileiro – O Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior - SINAES. Ao se percorrer esse caminho, neste texto, evidenciam-se algumas questões norteadores que modificaram o cenário da oferta da educação superior no território nacional, envolvendo a inclusão de um cenário de medidas consideradas mais eficazes, em uma educação superior mais “produtivista, bem administrada, com baixo custo e politicamente não questionadora [...]” (ROSAS, 1992, p. 27). Esse cenário de Reformas propiciará a entrada de concepções mercadológicas do capital financeiro, com eventos como a globalização e mercadorização da educação superior. O cenário neoliberal das políticas voltadas para o asseguramento da qualidade da educação superior não se forma ao acaso, é, sim, resultado das pressões mercantilistas que têm no ensino superior a possibilidade de comercialização.
Planejamento e autoavaliação institucional: articulações possíveis e necessárias
Authors: Figueira Marquezan Fernanda , Scremin Greice
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho discute a necessária articulação entre uma proposta de autoavaliação e planejamento institucional de uma IES comunitária do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de cunho bibliográfico. Valeu-se de obras referentes à avaliação e aos marcos regulatórios da educação superior e documentos institucionais, desenvolvido no contexto de uma Comissão Própria de Avaliação. Este estudo foi efetivado para fins de qualificação do processo de autoavaliação, sendo materializado na atualização do Projeto de Autoavaliação Institucional da IES em questão. Os arranjos teóricos destacam o papel da autoavaliação como instrumento de gestão, bem como a compreensão de que o conhecimento da realidade institucional permite a melhoria da articulação entre as políticas de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. O artigo destaca a necessidade da implementação de uma cultura avaliativa de caráter institucional que congregue a participação da comunidade por meio da colaboração, tanto no processo de autoavaliação, como no de subsídios para o planejamento institucional. Portanto, a qualidade acadêmica é perpassada pela coerência entre a missão, os princípios educativos e as políticas institucionais realizadas. Por fim, faz-se necessário possibilitar aos membros da comunidade acadêmica, a autoconsciência de suas qualidades, dificuldades e desafios, a fim de aprimorar a cultura avaliativa.
Acesso ao ensino superior brasileiro: perfil dos ingressantes do programa de inclusão da Unicamp
Authors: Pires André , Wargas Bruna Mara da Silva
Published: December 2018

As políticas de acesso ao ensino superior brasileiro nos últimos 15 anos mudaram a composição da população brasileira que acessou às universidades públicas e privadas. O presente artigo analisa o perfil dos ingressantes por meio de um dos programas de acesso no âmbito da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. O acesso à universidade foi modificado com a criação do Programa de Ação Afirmativa e Inclusão Social em 2004, que incentiva o acesso dos estudantes da rede pública de ensino (EP), bem como de estudantes autodeclarados pretos, pardos ou indígenas (PPI), com a adição de pontos à nota dos candidatos no vestibular. O método utilizado se pautou em pesquisa bibliográfica sobre políticas públicas de acesso ao ensino superior, além de analisar os dados do período de 2005 a 2018 disponíveis nas páginas eletrônicas da universidade. Como resultado, observa-se que a política apresenta dois momentos distintos, o primeiro até 2013 com uma modificação tímida na composição dos ingressantes EP e PPI. No segundo momento, há uma elevação no número de ingressantes provenientes de EP alcançando o percentual de 50% do número de ingressantes em 2017, em 2005 o percentual foi de 28%. Com relação aos estudantes PPI passou de 12% em 2005 para 24% em 2018, número que deverá crescer nos próximos anos, pois a Universidade aprovou o programa de cotas étnico-raciais que será implementado a partir de 2019. Apesar dos números favoráveis, o artigo discute os desafios colocados à Universidade para criar condições de permanência para jovens de famílias pobres de primeira geração na Universidade.
Research Evaluation: Implementing a Clear Framework
Authors: Pinho Isabel
Published: December 2018

Research Evaluation is being done with many different evaluation frameworks and uses many tools for gathering appropriate data, but no single approach works in all contexts and for all purposes. In this article we reflect on designing a research Evaluation with a focus on the Planning task. Through answering to thirteen questions we can follow a Research Evaluation Chain Decision Process in order to choose adequate tools and metrics to achieve the purpose of the Evaluation.
Patient Satisfaction With Caring at a District Hospital in Malawi
Authors: Nkwinda Brian , Jacobs Wanda , Downing Charlene
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate and understand patient satisfaction with caring at a district hospital in Malawi.

MATERIALS & METHODS: The study used a mixed methods design, employing the sequential explanatory strategy. A total of 120 adult patients completed a survey questionnaire (phase one), and of these, two patients were followed up with individual interviews (phase two).

RESULTS: Data were analyzed using statistical procedures, thematic analysis and an integration process of quantitative and qualitative findings. Highest patient satisfaction (90.6%; M=4.53; SD=0.879) occurred with nurses’ presence; while lowest satisfaction (37.4%; M=1.87; SD=1.710) was seen with patient teaching. Patients’ lived experiences revealed that nurses’ demonstration of presence and professional proficiency were critical to caring.

UNIQUE CONTRIBUTION TO THEORY, PRACTICE AND POLICY: To enhance improved caring, there was a need for nurses to increase personal presence, promote patient involvement in decision-making, and demonstrate competent confidence.
Factors Affecting the Decision Making of HPV Vaccination Uptake Among Female Youth in Klang Valley (Influencing Factors): A Qualitative Study
Authors: Farhana Harun Siti Nur , Sahani Mazrura , Johari Mohammad Zabri
Published: December 2018

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is estimated to affect 500 000 women each year globally, whereby 80% of the cases are in developing nations. Almost all cervical cancer cases were attributed to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection.

AIM: To identify factors influencing the decision-making of HPV vaccination uptake as prevention for cervical cancer among female youth in the Klang Valley

METHODS: This study used in-depth interview; purposive sampling and snowball sampling method. The questionnaire was based on the Health Belief Model, which consist of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit, barrier and cues to action. NVivo 7 software was used to process, transcribe and analyse the data from interview sessions.

RESULT: This study found that the key driving factors that encouraged female youth to get vaccinated were due to the role of family members and friends, concerns on contracting HPV related illness, free/discounted priced vaccination, recommendation from health care personnel, government’s policy, and benefit (believe in the effectiveness of vaccination). Meanwhile, deterring factors which prevented the uptake of HPV vaccination were lack of knowledge and awareness, costs, healthcare provider and services, time constraint and perceived not at risk.

CONCLUSION: Factors leading to the uptake of the HPV vaccine should be seen in a transparent manner to ensure the success of the HPV vaccination program in this country.