bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lessons learned from the Last Gift study: ethical and practical challenges faced while conducting HIV cure-related research at the end of life
Authors: Kanazawa John , Rawlings Stephen A , Hendrickx Steven , Gianella Sara , Concha-Garcia Susanna , Taylor Jeff , Kaytes Andy , Patel Hursch , Ndukwe Samuel , Little Susan J , Smith Davey , Dubé Karine
Published: June 2022

The Last Gift is an observational HIV cure-related research study conducted with people with HIV at the end of life (EOL) at the University of California San Diego. Participants agree to voluntarily donate blood and other biospecimens while living and their bodies for a rapid research autopsy postmortem to better understand HIV reservoir dynamics throughout the entire body. The Last Gift study was initiated in 2017. Since then, 30 volunteers were enrolled who are either (1) terminally ill with a concomitant condition and have a prognosis of 6 months or less or (2) chronically ill with multiple comorbidities and nearing the EOL.

Multiple ethical and logistical challenges have been revealed during this time; here, we share our lessons learnt and ethical analysis. Issues relevant to healthcare research include surrogate informed consent, personal and professional boundaries, challenges posed conducting research in a pandemic, and clinician burnout and emotional support. Issues more specific to EOL and postmortem research include dual roles of clinical care and research teams, communication between research personnel and clinical teams, legally required versus rapid research autopsy, identification of next of kin/loved ones and issues of inclusion. Issues specific to the Last Gift include logistics of body donation and rapid research autopsy, and disposition of the body as a study benefit.

We recommend EOL research teams to have clear provisions around surrogate informed consent, rotate personnel to maintain boundaries, limit direct contact with staff associated with clinical care and have a clear plan for legally required versus research autopsies, among other recommendations.
Clinical features and outcomes of perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas: comparison between micro- and macro-type lesions
Authors: Yu Jiaxing , Zhang Shiju , Bian Lisong , He Chuan , Ye Ming , Li Guilin , Hu Peng , Sun Liyong , Ling Feng , Zhang Hongqi , Hong Tao
Published: June 2022

Background

Although the angioarchitecture of perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas (PMAVFs) is straightforward, their size and blood flow are highly heterogeneous. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in clinical features and outcomes of PMAVFs based on lesion size and blood flow.

Methods

114 consecutive patients with PMAVFs from two institutes were retrospectively reviewed. The lesions were classified as either micro-PMAVFs (shunt point diameter <1 cm) or macro-PMAVFs (shunt point diameter ≥1 cm).

Results

The patients with micro-PMAVFs were older at the first presentation (33.50 vs 13.50 years, p<0.001). Macro-PMAVFs were more commonly associated with spinal metameric arteriovenous shunts (6.9% vs 28.6%, p=0.003). Compared with the macro-PMAVFs, the micro-PMAVFs showed a significantly higher risk of gradual clinical deterioration after initial onset (73.6%/year vs 10.0%/year; HR 3.888, 95% CI 1.802 to 8.390, p=0.001). A total of 58.6% of the micro-PMAVFs were treated surgically, whereas 85.7% of the macro-PMAVFs were treated via endovascular approaches. Complete obliteration was 73.7% for the whole cohort, and was more common for the micro-PMAVFs than for the macro-PMAVFs (87.9% vs 58.9%, p=0.001). At the last follow-up, spinal function was significantly improved compared with the pretreatment status, and the rate of severe disability of patients with macro-PMAVFs was slightly but not significantly higher than that of patients with micro-PMAVFs (16.1% vs 8.6%, p=0.315)

Conclusions

The clinical risks, treatment strategies and obliteration rates of PMAVFs differ based on their size and blood flow.
Computational delving into conceivable thermoelectric and spintronic applications of NH4AF3 (A = Fe and Co) ferromagnets
Authors: Mubarak A.A. , Tariq Saad , Hamioud Farida , Kanwal Bushra
Published: June 2022

In this investigation, the structural, mechanical, electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties of fluoroperovskite NH4AF3 (A = Fe and Co) compounds were determined utilizing the WIEN2k code. The structural properties such as tolerance factor, enthalpy, and elastic stability criterion predict that the studied compounds are mechanically and thermodynamically stable. Furthermore, the mechanical properties show that NH4FeF3 is more stretchable and rigid in nature than NH4CoF3. Interestingly, both compounds exhibit the anisotropic, intermediate type of bonding effect, higher plastic deformation limit, and brittle nature. The high melting temperature of the present compounds indicates the possible usage of these compounds in high-temperature electronic applications. The electronic calculations show that NH4FeF3 and NH4CoF3 are half-metallic and ferromagnetic compounds with a combination of ionic and covalent bonds between the different atoms. The thermoelectric parameters predict that electrons are the main charge carriers for the present compound with p-type character. Our study suggests that these plausible applications of the compounds are very versatile and include heat sensors, spintronic devices, optoelectronic sensors, and magnetic tunnel junction devices.
Rotating black holes in Horndeski gravity: thermodynamic and gravitational lensing
Authors: Walia Rahul Kumar , Maharaj Sunil D. , Ghosh Sushant G.
Published: June 2022

The lack of rotating black holes, typically found in nature, hinders testing modified gravity from astrophysical observations. We present the axially symmetric counterpart of an existing spherical hairy black hole in Horndeski gravity having additional deviation parameter Q, which encompasses the Kerr black hole as a particular case ($$Q=0$$

Q
=
0

). We investigate the effect of Horndeski parameter Q on the rotating black holes geometry and analytically deduce the gravitational deflection angle of light in the weak-field limit. For the S2 source star, the deflection angle for the Sgr A* model of rotating Horndeski gravity black hole for both prograde and retrograde photons is larger than the Kerr black hole values. We show how parameter Q could be constrained by the astrophysical implications of the lensing by this object. The thermodynamic quantities, Komar mass, and Komar angular momentum gets corrected by the parameter Q, but the Smarr relation $$M_{\text {eff}}=2ST+2\Omega J_{\text {eff}}$$

M
eff

=
2
S
T
+
2
Ω

J
eff

still holds at the event horizon.
Cosmogenic background study for a $$^{100}$$Mo-based bolometric demonstration experiment at China JinPing underground Laboratory
Authors: Chen W. , Ma L. , Chen J. H. , Huang H. Z. , Ma Y. G.
Published: June 2022

We perform simulation study for a 10-kg $$^{100}$$

100

Mo-based bolometeric demonstration experiment for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

) search at China JinPing underground Laboratory (CJPL). Cosmogenic production of radionuclides in $$^{100}$$

100

Mo-enriched lithium molybdate crystals and copper components of the detector system are studied using Geant4 toolkit based on the simulated cosmic ray data from the CRY library. Background energy spectra of the cosmogenic radionuclides including $$^{56}$$

56

Co, $$^{82}$$

82

Rb and $$^{88}$$

88

Y which are harmful for the $$^{100}$$

100

Mo-based $$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

experiment are investigated. We then evaluate the total cosmogenic background level in the $$^{100}$$

100

Mo $$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

search energy region of interest (ROI) for the demonstration experiment. After one year of cooling down underground, the residual background contribution is found to be 1.8 $$\times $$
×
10$$^{-6}$$

-
6

cts/kg/keV/yr and 3.3$$\times $$
×
10$$^{-4}$$

-
4

cts/kg/keV/yr from crystals and copper components, respectively. Furthermore, underground cosmogenic activation of copper and lithium molybdate crystal is calculated based on the simulation spectra of neutron and proton in CJPL. The underground cosmogenic background is found to be negligible in the ROI.
Strong compactness and the ultrapower axiom I: the least strongly compact cardinal
Authors: Goldberg Gabriel
Published: June 2022

The Ultrapower Axiom is a combinatorial principle concerning the structure of large cardinals that is true in all known canonical inner models of set theory. A longstanding test question for inner model theory is the equiconsistency of strongly compact and supercompact cardinals. In this paper, it is shown that under the Ultrapower Axiom, the least strongly compact cardinal is supercompact. A number of stronger results are established, setting the stage for a complete analysis of strong compactness and supercompactness under UA that will be carried out in the sequel to this paper.
Forcing the Σ31-separation property
Authors: Hoffelner Stefan
Published: June 2022

We generically construct a model in which the [Formula: see text]-separation property is true, i.e. every pair of disjoint [Formula: see text]-sets can be separated by a [Formula: see text]-definable set. This answers an old question from the problem list “Surrealist landscape with figures” by A. Mathias from 1968. We also construct a model in which the (lightface) [Formula: see text]-separation property is true.
A negative solution of Kuznetsov’s problem for varieties of bi-Heyting algebras
Authors: Bezhanishvili Guram , Gabelaia David , Jibladze Mamuka
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we show that there exist (continuum many) varieties of bi-Heyting algebras that are not generated by their complete members. It follows that there exist (continuum many) extensions of the Heyting–Brouwer logic [Formula: see text] that are topologically incomplete. This result provides further insight into the long-standing open problem of Kuznetsov by yielding a negative solution of the reformulation of the problem from extensions of [Formula: see text] to extensions of [Formula: see text].
Knowledge Discovery in a Recommender System: The Matrix Factorization Approach
Authors: Tripathy Murchhana , Champati Santilata , Bhuyan Hemanta Kumar
Published: June 2022

Two famous matrix factorization techniques, the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), are popularly used by recommender system applications. Recommender system data matrices have many missing entries, and to make them suitable for factorization, the missing entries need to be filled. For matrix completion, we use mean, median and mode as three different cases of imputation. The natural clusters produced after factorization are used to formulate simple out-of-sample extension algorithms and methods to generate recommendation for a new user. Two cluster evaluation measures, Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) and Purity are used to evaluate the quality of clusters.
DOES PREMIUM EXIST IN THE STOCK MARKET FOR LABOR INCOME GROWTH RATE? A SIX-FACTOR-ASSET-PRICING MODEL: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: KHAN NAVEED , ZADA HASSAN , YOUSAF IMRAN
Published: June 2022

The objective of this study is to explore Roy and Shijin [(2018). A six factor assets pricing model. Borsa Istanbul Review, 18(3), 205–217] six-factor-model of asset pricing by extending Fama and French five-factor model to include human capital as a sixth factor in the context of Pakistan — an emerging country in Asia, and to test the validity of the six-factor asset pricing model in explaining time-series variations in portfolio returns of Pakistan equity market. For this purpose, we use Fama and Macbeth’s two-pass time series regression technique to test the validity and applicability of the six-factor model. The findings indicate that the six factors model is an appropriate asset pricing model for explaining time-series variations in Pakistan. Furthermore, the human capital (labor income growth rate) is significant for most of the portfolios constructed in this study, which implies that the human capital significantly explains time-series variations in portfolio returns. The empirical results encourage all types of investors and academics to incorporate human capital into asset pricing models. It helps in more accurately estimating the required rate of return, which can improve asset pricing models.
Formation of the high-grade Triple R uranium deposit revealed by Fe and S isotopes in pyrite
Authors: Mount Sarah , Potter Eric G. , Yang Zhaoping , Fayek Mostafa , Powell Jeremy W. , Chi Guoxiang , Rizo Hanika
Published: June 2022

The Patterson Lake corridor, located on the southwestern margin of the Athabasca Basin, contains several basement-hosted uranium deposits that formed via protracted, structurally controlled fluid–rock interactions. Using multiple generations of pyrite grains (pre-, syn- and post-mineralization) from the Triple R deposit,
in situ
iron isotopic analyses revealed large intra-sample and -grain variations (

δ

56
Fe values ranging from −2.21 to +1.67‰) whereas sulfur isotopes yielded minor variations (

δ

34
S values ranging from −4.44 to +5.3‰) relative to natural isotopic variations for both elements. The wide range in

δ

56
Fe values supports textural and chemical evidence that fluctuating oxidation states and chemistry in the fault zone fluids caused multiple generations of pyrite oxidation and precipitation. Sulfur isotope data from shallower mineralized zones show a slight enrichment in heavier isotopes, consistent with limited Rayleigh fractionation. However, when coupled with iron isotope data, the overall dataset supports a sulfur-rich, open system wherein heat from intrusions at depth and fault movements drove sulfur-bearing fluids upwards, causing precipitation of pre-mineralization pyrite and graphite. During fault reactivation, fluid pressure fluctuations between hydrostatic and sub-hydrostatic regimes drew oxidizing, uranium-bearing, basinal brines down into the basement to react with sulfides in the host rocks and deeply sourced, H
2
S-bearing reducing fluids. These redox reactions and fluid mixing resulted in precipitation of uraninite and syn-mineralization pyrite. These results further support the importance of structural control, repeated faulting and thermal anomalies in the basement for mineralization, necessitating re-examination of the current exploration model for unconformity-related uranium deposits.

Supplementary material:
Plot of

δ

57
Fe versus

δ

56
Fe values of all samples is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6026621

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Uranium Fluid Pathways collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/uranium-fluid-pathways
The Palaeozoic genus
Psephodus
(Chondrichthyes, Cochliodontiformes) and the transition from teeth to tooth plates in holocephalians
Authors: Itano Wayne M.
Published: June 2022

Remains of the chondrichthyan
Psephodus
Morris and Roberts, 1862
consist mainly of isolated tooth plates. The genus has a range from the Late Devonian (Famennian) to the Late Mississippian (Serpukhovian). The most complete specimen is a partially articulated set of teeth and tooth plates of the type species,
P. magnus
, from the early Serpukhovian of East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, Scotland. A row of minute nodes is present along the basal margins of the
Lophodus
-like and
Helodus
-like teeth of the East Kilbride specimen. This distinguishes these teeth from typical
Lophodus
-like and
Helodus
-like teeth. As in
Helodus simplex
, some specimens of
Psephodus
display varying degrees of fusion of teeth from the same labiolingually oriented file into tooth plates. However, unlike
Helodus simplex
, some specimens of
Psephodus
display fusion of mesiodistally separated tooth plates, each representing a fused tooth file, into a larger tooth plate.
Psephodus
, which crosses the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary, may be ancestral to other Mississippian holocephalians, such as
Cochliodus
or
Chondrenchelys
, in which dentitions consist of a few tooth plates with only few, or no, separate teeth. An unpublished watercolour by Agassiz's artist Dinkel depicts five tooth plates, which can be designated as syntypes of
P. magnus.
A lectotype for
Psephodus crenulatus
is designated.
Early SoCs Information Flow Policies Validation Using SystemC-Based Virtual Prototypes at the ESL
Authors: Goli Mehran , Drechsler Rolf
Published: June 2022

Virtual Prototypes
 (VPs) at the
Electronic System Level
 (ESL) are being increasingly adopted by the semiconductor industry and play an important role in modernizing the System-on-Chips (SoCs) design flow to raise design productivity and reduce time-to-market constraints. Due to their early availability and significantly faster simulation speed in comparison to
Register Transfer Level
(RTL) designs, VPs are used as reference models for lower levels of abstraction. Leveraging VPs and extending their use cases for early security validation are shown as a promising direction. As the cost of fixing any security flaws increases with the stage of development, VP-based security validation can significantly avoid costly iterations.

In this article, we present a novel VP-based dynamic information flow analysis approach at the ESL, consisting of three main phases which are runtime behavior extraction (in terms of transactions), transactions transformation, and security validation. The proposed approach empowers designers to validate the information flow policies of a given VP-based SoC against the most occurring security threat models which are information leakage (confidentiality) and unauthorized access to data in a memory (integrity). Experimental results including an extensive set of standard benchmarks and two real-world VP-based SoCs demonstrate the scalability and applicability of the proposed approach.
In Vitro Genetic Code Reprogramming for the Expansion of Usable Noncanonical Amino Acids
Authors: Katoh Takayuki , Suga Hiroaki
Published: June 2022

Genetic code reprogramming has enabled us to ribosomally incorporate various nonproteinogenic amino acids (npAAs) into peptides in vitro. The repertoire of usable npAAs has been expanded to include not only l-α-amino acids with noncanonical sidechains but also those with noncanonical backbones. Despite successful single incorporation of npAAs, multiple and consecutive incorporations often suffer from low efficiency or are even unsuccessful. To overcome this stumbling block, engineering approaches have been used to modify ribosomes, EF-Tu, and tRNAs. Here, we provide an overview of these in vitro methods that are aimed at optimal expansion of the npAA repertoire and their applications for the development of de novo bioactive peptides containing various npAAs.
Is cerebellar anodal transcranial direct current stimulation an appropriate locomotor intervention for people with multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Hagen Andrew C.
Published: June 2022

The present article demonstrates split-belt treadmill training, but not cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), reduces fall risk for people with multiple sclerosis. Concerns regarding the implementation of the split-belt paradigm, coupled with insensitive outcome measures and a nonoptimal neural target for tDCS may have contributed to the limited gait improvements observed. A more fitting stimulation may be to target nervous system structures in the periphery to improve sensorimotor transduction and elicit more accurate proprioception.
Certain Analysis of Solution for the Nonlinear Two-Point Boundary Value Problem with Caputo Fractional Derivative
Authors: Murad Shayma Adil
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a nonlinear fractional differential equation with a two-point boundary condition in a Banach space are investigated by using the contraction mapping principle and the Brouwer fixed-point theorem with Bielecki norm. The iterative scheme of the numerical solution for the nonlinear two-point boundary value problem will be discussed and illustrated by solving some problems. The well-known Ulam-Hyers and Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability theorems are employed to establish the stability of solutions to the boundary value problem. In the end, we provided a couple of examples to support our results.
A Recognition Method of Athletes’ Mental State in Sports Training Based on Support Vector Machine Model
Authors: Li Yu
Published: June 2022

Athletes participate in competitive competitions, and the ultimate goal is to better display their personal competitive level in the competition so as to achieve the goal of defeating their opponents and winning the competition. In all types of competitions, most matches are instantaneous, and opportunities are fleeting. The instantaneous nature and fierce competition of sports competitions require athletes who participate in sports competitions to have a high psychological quality. It can be seen that the quality of the mental state directly determines the performance of the athletes in usual training and competition. In the process of sports, if athletes can obtain real-time changes in their mental states when they encounter various situations, they can formulate more targeted and effective training or competition strategies according to the athletes’ states. For the opponent, by analyzing the opponent’s psychological state during exercise, the game strategy can be adjusted in real time in a targeted manner, and the probability of winning the game can be provided. Based on this background, this paper proposes to use support vector machine (SVM) to identify the mental state of athletes during exercise. This paper first collects the data of body movements and facial expressions of athletes during training or competition. Use multimodal data to train an SVM model. Output the emotional state of athletes at different stages based on test data. In order to verify the applicability of the method in this paper to the athlete subjects, several comparative models were used in the experiment to verify the performance of the used models. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of emotion recognition obtained by this method is more than 80%. This shows that the research in this paper has certain application value.
Traditional Paper-Cut Art and Cosmetic Packaging Design Research Based on Wireless Communication and Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Wu Shilin
Published: June 2022

After hundreds of years of changes, due to the development of chemistry, the development of human life has undergone tremendous changes. People have used chemical science to manufacture many supplies, such as various medicines and various types of cosmetics. In recent decades, electronic components and computer software technology have developed rapidly, and the fourth round of technological revolution is underway, which has a favorable impact on the development of various industries. Traditional paper-cut and cosmetic bag design methods should also take into account the advantages of wireless communication and artificial intelligence technology and combine other types of traditional industries to carry out technological reforms to help traditional craftsmanship pass down. In modern life, due to the vigorous promotion of cosmetics, there are more and more cosmetics on the market, and the traditional paper-cut art itself is an artistic design method similar to cosmetic design. Both industries will grow rapidly after the use of artificial intelligence and wireless communication technology for the update of both industries. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to combine wireless communication technology with artificial intelligence technology to transform the traditional paper-cut art and cosmetic packaging design. After consulting the reasons for the decline of the traditional handicraft industry and the reasons for the turmoil caused by modern technology, this paper conducts a combined design of artificial intelligence technology, wireless communication technology, and cosmetic packaging and then performs wireless communication and artificial intelligence on the cutting of traditional paper design elements. The design of the technical matching system is also designed for traditional paper-cut art and cosmetic packaging. And find professional practitioners for research and discussion and multiple transformations and obtain experimental analysis results data. After many experiments, it can be seen that the combination of wireless communication and artificial intelligence technology can transform the traditional paper-cut art and cosmetic packaging design, improve their relevance, continue the inheritance of paper-cut art, and possibly improve the efficacy of cosmetics.
Local Government Governance Path Optimization Based on Multisource Big Data
Authors: Liu Xiaolun
Published: June 2022

With the development of Internet technology, multisource big data can collect and analyze information so as to provide people with a good vision. In the process of governance, local governments will have problems of incomplete information. With the development of big data, multisource and big data will have advanced nature. Therefore, based on multisource big data, this paper analyzes the multisource big data algorithm in detail and establishes a local government governance model based on multisource big data. Then, the proposed model is applied to the local government governance process of Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, and Tianjin, and the local governance situation of each city is compared and analyzed so as to provide some reference for the optimization of the local government governance path. The experimental results show that the local governance model based on multisource big data can optimize the local government governance path and point out the direction for the local government governance path.
A Deep
Q
-Network-Based Collaborative Control Research for Smart Ammunition Formation
Authors: Shen Jian , Zhang Benkang , Zhu Qingyu , Chen Pengyun
Published: June 2022

The smart ammunition formation (SAF) system model usually has the characteristics of complexity, time variation, and nonlinearity. With the consideration of random factors, such as sensor error and environmental disturbance, the system model cannot be modeled accurately. To deal with this problem, this paper investigated an intelligent deep

Q

-network- (DQN-) based control algorithm for the SAF collaborative control, which deals with the high dynamics and uncertainty in the SAF flight environment. In the environment description of the SAF, we built a dynamic model to represent the system joint states, which referred to the smart ammunition’s velocity, the trajectory inclination angle, the ballistic deflection angle, and the relative position between different formation nodes. Next, we describe the SAF collaborative control process as a Markov decision process (MDP) with the application of the reinforcement learning (RL) technique. Then, the basic framework

ε

-imitation action-selecting strategy and the algorithm details were developed to address the SAF control problem based on the DQN scheme. Finally, the numerical simulation was carried out to verify the effectiveness and portability of the DQN-based algorithm. The average total reward curve showed a reasonable convergence, and the relative kinematic relationship among the formation nodes met the requirements of the controller design. It illustrated that the DQN-based algorithm obtained a novel performance in the SAF collaborative control.
Progressive and Prospective Technology for Cloud Seeding Experiment by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Atmospheric Research Aircraft in Korea
Authors: Jung Woonseon , Cha Joo Wan , Ko A.-Reum , Chae Sanghee , Ro Yonghun , Hwang Hyun Jun , Kim Bu-Yo , Ku Jung Mo , Chang Ki-Ho , Lee Chulkyu
Published: June 2022

This study applies a novel cloud seeding method using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a research aircraft in Korea. For this experiment, the UAV sprayed a cloud seeding material (calcium chloride), and the aircraft monitored the clouds in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula on April 25, 2019. Cloud observation equipment in the aircraft indicated an increase in the number concentration and average particle size of large cloud particles after the seeding. Weather radar reflectivity increased by approximately 10 dBZ above the experimental area due to the development of clouds and precipitation systems. Rain was observed after seeding, and 0.5 mm was recorded, including natural and mixed precipitation from the cloud seeding. In addition, it showed that the rapid increase in the number of raindrops and vertical reflectivity was approximately 10 dBZ. Therefore, these results showed the possibility of cloud seeding using UAVs and atmospheric research aircraft. The effects of cloud seeding are indicated through the increased number concentration and size of cloud particles, radar reflectivity, and ground-based precipitation detection.
A New Type of ECG Signal Acquisition and Storage Nonvolatile Chip Embedded in Mobile Devices for Sports Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Dading
Published: June 2022

In the fast‐paced development of life in today’s society, the use of ECG signals is not only used in the medical direction to scan patients; portable ECG signal acquisition tools can collect and analyze the corresponding ECG signals in time and respond to the wearer in time, so that the user can make timely adjustments or seek medical treatment in time to avoid a malignant situation that occurs. For people in sports, the collection of ECG signals is more helpful to the arrangement and estimation of training conditions. Based on nonvolatile memory technology, data will not be lost when the computer is turned off or suddenly or unexpectedly shut down. This research puts forward the design of an antiexercise ECG monitoring system that collects ECG signals for a group that is in the process of exercise. Use mathematical calculation system to classify, and conduct in‐depth analysis of the reasons for poor anti‐interference ability, and use the original denoising algorithm calculation as the basis to adapt to the dynamic situation in the opposite situation to the normal ECG signal acquisition in the static state. The collection is modified from the original basis. This research proposes an improved scheme for multichannel acquisition. Chips of semiconductor memory devices based on nonvolatile memory are embedded in mobile devices for use. The experimental results in this paper show that the comparison experiment ratio of collecting ECG signals from the sixth, third, fourth, and fifth directions can effectively reduce the mean square error (MSE), and the error of channel 6 is directly from 0.1598. It is down to 0.00143. Several other items showed a significant decrease. It shows that the anti‐interference ability of the ECG monitoring system can be further enhanced by increasing the number of collection terminals.
Kidney Retransplantation after Graft Failure: Variables Influencing Long-Term Survival
Authors: Ehrsam Jonas , Rössler Fabian , Horisberger Karoline , Hübel Kerstin , Nilsson Jakob , de Rougemont Olivier
Published: June 2022

Background. There is an increasing demand for kidney retransplantation. Most studies report inferior outcomes compared to primary transplantation, consequently feeding an ethical dilemma in the context of chronic organ shortage. Objective. To assess variables influencing long-term graft survival after kidney retransplantation. Material and Methods. All patients transplanted at our center between 2000 and 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Survival was estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method, and risk factors were identified using multiple Cox regression. Results. We performed 1,376 primary kidney transplantations and 222 retransplantations. The rate of retransplantation was 67.8% after the first graft loss, with a comparable 10-year graft survival compared to primary transplantation (67% vs. 64%,

p
=
0.104

) but an inferior graft survival thereafter (log-rank

p
=
0.026

). Independent risk factors for graft survival in retransplantation were age ≥ 50 years, time on dialysis ≥1 year, previous graft survival <2 years, ≥1 mild comorbidity in the Charlson–Deyo index, active smoking, and life-threatening complications (Clavien–Dindo grade IV) at first transplantation. Conclusion. Graft survival is comparable for first and second kidney transplantation within the first 10 years. Risk factors for poor outcomes after retransplantation are previous graft survival, dialysis time after graft failure, recipient age, comorbidities, and smoking. Patients with transplant failure should have access to retransplantation as early as possible.
Geometrical-Feature-Preserving Adjoint Tomography of Near-Surface Structure with Seismic Early Arrival
Authors: Zhang Chao , Li Cheng , Cai Jian
Published: June 2022

Early arrival waveform inversion (EWI) is an essential approach to obtaining velocity structures in near-surface. Due to suffering from a cycle‐skipping issue, it is difficult to reach the global minima for conventional EWI with the misfit function of least-squares norm (L2‐norm). Following the optimal transportation theory, we developed an EWI solution with a new objective function based on quadratic‐Wasserstein‐metric (W2-norm) to maintain the geometric characteristics of the distribution and improve the stability and convexity of the inverse problem. First, we gave the continuous form of the adjoint source and the Frechet gradient of the Wasserstein metric for seismic early arrival, which leads to an easy and efficient way to implement in the adjoint-state method. Then, we conducted two synthetic experiments on the target model containing some velocity anomalies and hidden layers to test its effectiveness in mapping accurate and high-resolution near-surface velocity structure. The results show that the W2-normed EWI can mitigate cycle-skipping issues compared with the L2-normed EWI. In addition, it can deal with hidden layers and is robust in terms of noise. The application to a real dataset indicates that this new solution can recover more details in the shallow structure, especially in the aspect of dealing with hidden layers.
Effects of Self-Made Prescription Compound Rhodiola on the Ultrastructure of Podocytes in Rats with Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Yuan Shaojing , Liu Jie , Sun Zhenhua , Meng Lihua , Zhu Jiying , Wang Min , Su Jie
Published: June 2022

Background. We attempt to discuss the function of self-made prescription compound Rhodiola rosea on the kidneys of rats with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN), through studying the effects of self-made rescription compound Rhodiola rosea on the ultrastructure of podocytes in rats with DN. Methods. DN rat model was established by streptozotocin. The successfully modeled rats were divided into 4 groups, DN group, compound Rhodiola low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group. Compound Rhodiola low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group were administered for 8 weeks, and the DN group and the blank control group were administered with normal saline. The podocyte count, podocyte width, podocyte fusion rate, and average thickness of glomerular basement membrane were compared in each group, and the ultrastructural changes in podocytes were observed by transmission electron microscope. Results. Compared with the normal control group, the number of podocytes in the DN group remarkably reduced, but the width level of podocyte, the fusion rate of podocyte, and the average thickness of basilar membrane remarkably increased (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with the DN group, the number of podocytes in the high-, medium-, and low-dose groups increased remarkably, but the width level of podocyte, the fusion rate of podocyte, and the average thickness of basilar membrane decreased remarkably (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with the low-dose group, the number of podocytes in the high-dose group and the medium-dose group increased remarkably, but the width of podocyte, the fusion rate of podocyte, as well as the average thickness of basilar membrane remarkably reduced (

P
<
0.05

). Various indicators of high- and medium-dose groups had no statistical difference (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusions. Self-made prescription compound Rhodiola rosea can promote the recovery of podocyte in DN rat and protect their kidney.
Effect Measurement for Human Motion Rehabilitation Training Using Improved Deep Reinforcement Learning and IoT Networks
Authors: Zhu Libin , Liu Lihui
Published: June 2022

Measuring the effect of human motion rehabilitation training is important to help persons develop motion rehabilitation training plans. The current human motion rehabilitation training effect measurement algorithm has the problems of too large gap between the smoothness of the motion speed curve and the reality, high key frame extraction error rate, low measurement accuracy, long measurement time, and low satisfaction. Therefore, this paper proposes a human motion rehabilitation training effect measurement algorithm using improved deep reinforcement learning and Internet of Things (IoT) networks using IoT network technology to collect human motion rehabilitation training videos. The key frames of the human motion rehabilitation video data are extracted according to the interframe distance, and the metalearning method is used to improve the deep reinforcement learning network, and the obtained key frames are input into the improved deep reinforcement learning network to obtain the motion speed curve of human motion rehabilitation training. The smoothness of the motion velocity curve is calculated, and high smoothness indicates a good human motion rehabilitation training effect, while low smoothness indicates a poor human motion rehabilitation training effect, so as to complete the measure of human motion rehabilitation training effect. The results show that the smoothness of the motion speed curve of the proposed algorithm is closer to reality, the average error rate of key frame extraction is 1.45%, the measurement accuracy of rehabilitation training is more than 90%, the measurement time is controlled below 2.1 s, and the maximum user satisfaction is 93.1, which shows that the practical application of the algorithm is good.
Estimation of Solar Insolation and Angstrom–Prescott Coefficients Using Sunshine Hours over Nepal
Authors: Joshi U. , Shrestha P.M. , Maharjan S. , Bhattarai A. , Bhattarai N. , Chapagain N.P. , Karki I.B. , Poudyal K.N.
Published: June 2022

The amount of solar insolation that reaches the Earth in one hour is sufficient to fulfill its annual energy budget. One of the challenges for harvesting this energy is due to a lack of relevant data. In the least developed countries like Nepal, the number of observation stations is insufficient. This data gap can be filled by employing credible empirical models to estimate solar insolation in regions where insolation measurements are not available. In this paper, Angstrom–Prescott model parameters are estimated for fifteen different locations of Nepal. Then, correlation is developed for the prediction of solar insolation using only sunshine hour data. The different statistical parameters such as root mean square error (RMSE = 1.958), mean bias error (MBE = −0.018), mean percentage error (MPE = 2.973), coefficient of residual mass (CRM = 0.001), and correlation coefficient (r = 0.909) were used to validate the developed coefficients. The resulting Angstrom–Prescott coefficients are a = 0.239 and b = 0.508. These coefficients can be utilized for the prediction of solar energy at different parts of the country in similar weather conditions.
Broadband Design of Midinfrared Chiral Metamaterials Based on the Indium Tin Oxide Conical Helix
Authors: Zhang Wenmei
Published: June 2022

This paper proposed a periodic midinfrared broadband chiral structure composed of indium tin oxide (ITO) conical helix. The simulation results show that the structure achieves a good broadband CD in the midinfrared. At the wavelength of 9.2 μm, the maximum value of CD is 0.55, the FWHM (full width half maximum) of CD is 7.2 μm, and the wavelength range is from 5.7 μm to 12.9 μm. The simulation results also show that compared with the traditional uniform spiral structure with the same radius, the conical spiral structure can achieve better broadband circular dichroism in the midinfrared band. This provides a new idea for the design of broadband polarization state control devices in the midinfrared band.
[Retracted] The Expression Profile of miRNA in Glioma and the Role of miR‐339‐5p in Glioma
Authors: Lin Jie , Wang Shouyi , Shen Huanan , Zheng Buyi
Published: June 2022

Objective. To reveal the expression profile of miRNA in glioma and the effects of microRNA‐339‐5p (miR‐339‐5p) on glioma. Methods. The glioma and normal tissues were randomly selected for miRNA gene chip detection and qRT‐PCR verification. The U87 cells were separated into miR‐NC, miR‐339‐5p mimic, and miR‐339‐5p suppressor group. Clonogenesis test, flow cell technique, Transwell, and cell scratch assay were utilized to verify the roles of miR‐339‐5p in cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell invasion, and cell migration. The epithelial‐meso‐transformation‐associated proteins was verified by Western blot. Results. A total of 49 miRNAs (16 upregulated and 33 downregulated) were differentially expressed in glioma tissues, and miR‐339‐5p was the most downregulated. The clone number, invasion number, and healing rate of cells in miR‐339‐5p mimic group were decreased compared with miR‐NC group (P < 0.05); the clone quantity, invasion number, and healing rate of cells in miR‐339‐5p inhibitor group were increased compared with miR‐NC group (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of human glioma U87 cells in miR‐339‐5P mimic group was compared with miR‐NC group (P < 0.05); the apoptosis rate of human glioma U87 cells in miR‐339‐5p suppressor group decreased compared with miR‐NC group (P < 0.05). Compared with miR‐NC group, the protein expression of Twist, Snsnail, N‐cadherin, and Vimentin in miR‐339‐5p mimic group was considerably decreased, whereas E‐cadherin was elevated (P < 0.05). Compared with miR‐NC group, the protein expression of Twist, Snsnail, N‐cadherin, and Vimentin in miR‐339‐5p suppressor group was considerably increased, whereas E‐cadherin was considerably decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Forty‐nine glioma‐related miRNAs were screened out, and miRNA expression was significantly different between glioma and normal tissues. The downregulated miR‐339‐5p in glioma can regulate the proliferative, apoptotic, invasive, and migratory abilities of glioma U87 cells and might suppress the occurrence and development of glioma.
Prediction Model Construction for Ischemic Stroke Recurrence with BP Network and Multivariate Logistic Regression and Effect of Individualized Health Education
Authors: Lu Ting , Wang Yun
Published: June 2022

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by the rapid rupture or blockage of intracranial blood vessels for a variety of reasons, preventing blood from flowing into the brain and causing damage to brain tissue. The global burden of stroke disease is quickly increasing, and ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for 60 percent to 70 percent of all strokes, owing to the prevalence of people’s bad lifestyles and the intensity of global ageing. Although most IS patients have received effective treatment, many patients still have certain dysfunction or death after treatment, and the recurrence rate is about 18%, which brings a heavy economic burden to society and families. Therefore, it is urgent to build a postoperative prediction model for IS, so as to take targeted clinical intervention measures, which has extremely important practical significance for improving the prognosis of IS. The following work has been done in this paper: (1) the theoretical background for the BP prediction model and logistic regression prediction model suggested in this work is offered, as well as the research progress and related technologies of IS recurrence prediction by domestic and foreign academics. (2) The basic principles of BPNN and logistic regression are introduced, and the logistic multifactor predictor is constructed. (3) The experimental results show that the consistency rate, sensitivity, and specificity of the prediction results of BPNN are higher than those of logistic regression, indicating that for diseases such as IS, which have many pathogenic factors and complex relationships between factors, the fitting effect of BPNN model is better than that of the logistic regression model.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Children with Fractures: Before and during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Lee Yong-Suk , Lee Sang-Uk , Hong Tae Min , Joo Sun Young
Published: June 2022

Background. Although it is generally agreed that vitamin D is important for bone health, the role of vitamin D in preventing fractures in children and adolescents remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in healthy Korean children with fractures. Our secondary aim was to compare serum vitamin D levels before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Methods. We evaluated 334 patients with fractures who were surgically treated at our institution between 2018 and 2019 before the onset of COVID-19 (group I). In addition, we collected data on the serum 25(OH)D levels of 210 patients who visited our pediatric department for evaluation of short stature (group II) and the serum 25(OH)D levels of the patients with fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic period (group III). A serum 25(OH)D level of <20 ng/mL was considered deficient, between 20 and 32 ng/mL was insufficient, and ≥32 ng/mL was considered sufficient. Results. The mean age was 8.1 ± 3.5 years in group I, 8.2 ± 3.7 years in group II, and 8.6 ± 3.5 years in group III. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 53.0% in group I and 32.9% in group II. The mean serum 25(OH)D level was lower in group I than in group II (20.0 ± 7.3 ng/ml vs. 23.2 ± 6.9 ng/ml,

p
<
0.001

). The mean serum 25(OH)D level of younger patients (<10 years) in group III was lower than that of the younger patients in the prepandemic period (21.4 ± 7.2 ng/mL vs. 19.2 ± 6.8 ng/mL,

p
=
0.037

). Conclusions. We observed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in children with fractures who required surgical treatment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the serum vitamin D levels became even lower, especially in younger children.