bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of personal protective equipment to protect health and safety in pesticide use
Authors: Aksüt Güler , Eren Tamer
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Agriculture emerges as one of the most dangerous industries in the world, considering injury and illness rates. After the service sector in Turkey, the next large-scale sector is the agricultural sector, which constitutes 20% of the general employment. The exposure of farmers to pesticides, used to increase the quality and productivity of agricultural products, causes health risks via the mouth, respiration, skin, and eyes. Pesticide use in Turkey is increasing; the annual average increase is estimated at 1.2%. Exposure to pesticides can be reduced by wearing personal protective equipment to protect against health and safety hazards.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the importance of personal protective equipment using the multi-criteria decision-making method to prevent the risk of injury and disease resulting from pesticide use.

Materials and methods

The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to find the weights of the criteria determined by expert opinion and a literature review. The Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) was used to rank personal protective equipment.

Results

Personal protective equipment includes masks, gloves, overalls, safety shoes, glasses, and hats. The use of multi-criteria decision-making methods in health and safety in the agricultural sector will contribute to the literature.

Conclusion

Emphasizing the use of personal protective equipment, especially when using pesticides, will increase the rate of use of protective measures.
Sulfomethylation reactivity enhanced the Fenton oxidation pretreatment of bamboo residues for enzymatic digestibility and ethanol production
Authors: Liu Zhaoming , Zhang Min , Hou Qinpei , Shi Zhengjun , Yang Haiyan , Wang Dawei , Yang Jing
Published: January 2024

Bamboo is considered a renewable energy bioresource for solving the energy crisis and climate change. Dendrocalamus branddisii (DB) was first subjected to sulfomethylation reaction at 95°C for 3 h, followed by Fenton oxidation pretreatment at 22°C for 24 h. The synergistic effect of combined pretreatment dramatically improved enzymatic digestibility efficiency, with maximum yield of glucose and ethanol content of 71.11% and 16.47 g/L, respectively, increased by 4.7 and 6.11 time comparing with the single Fenton oxidation pretreatment. It was found that the hydrophobicity of substrate, content of surface lignin, degree of polymerization, and specific surface area have significant effects on the increase of enzymatic saccharification efficiency. It also revealed that sulfomethylation pre-extraction can improve the hydrophilicity of lignin, leading to the lignin dissolution, which was beneficial for subsequent Fenton pretreatment of bamboo biomass. This work provides some reference for Fenton oxidation pretreatment of bamboo biomass, which can not only promote the utilization of bamboo in southwest China, but also enhances the Fenton reaction in the bamboo biorefinery.
Synergetic gait prediction and compliant control of SEA-driven knee exoskeleton for gait rehabilitation
Authors: Liu Haojie , Zhu Chang , Zhou Zude , Dong Yunfei , Meng Wei , Liu Quan
Published: January 2024

In recent years, lower limb exoskeletons have achieved satisfactory clinical curative effects in rehabilitating stroke patients. Furthermore, generating individualized trajectories for each patient and avoiding secondary injury in rehabilitation training are important issues. This paper explores the utilization of series elastic actuator (SEA) to deliver compliant force and enhance impact resistance in human-robot interaction, and we present the design of novel knee exoskeleton driven by SEA. Subsequently, the novel gait trajectory prediction method and compliant control method are proposed. The attention-based CNN-LSTM model is established to generate personalized gait trajectories for affected limbs, in which the spatial-temporal attention mechanism is adopted to improve the prediction accuracy. The compliant control strategy is proposed to nonlinearly and adaptively tune impedance parameters based on artificial potential field (APF) method, and active rehabilitation training is carried out in the coordination space to guarantee patient safety. The experimental results based on four healthy subjects demonstrated that synergetic gait prediction model could satisfactorily characterize the coordination movement with higher accuracy. The compliant control could limit the patient’s movement in the safe coordination tunnel while considering personalization and flexibility.
Evaluation of stiffness and damping of a base-isolated building considering higher-order modes
Authors: Tojo Takaki , Suzuki Takuya , Nakai Shoichi
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an effective method of understanding the seismic safety of seismic design models and the continued use of buildings after earthquakes. Various system identification methods applicable to SHM have been proposed; however, most target only superstructures. Their applicability for evaluating the soundness of foundations and soil structures should also be examined. In addition, evaluating high-order modes in addition to low-order modes is necessary to capture changes in the vibration characteristics of superstructures, foundations, and soil structures. However, the impact of considering higher-order modes on the identification results has not been sufficiently evaluated. This study aims to address these issues by clarifying the importance of considering higher-order modes and proposing a method that can contribute to improving the accuracy of future building health evaluation methods.

Methods: This study proposes a method of evaluating the stiffness and damping of a superstructure and dynamic soil spring considering low-order to high-order modes using the efficient transfer function fitting system for a base-isolated (BI) building. First, numerical experiments were performed to examine the accuracy of the proposed method in evaluating the stiffness and damping of each part when using acceleration data from limited observation points. Furthermore, this method was applied to an existing BI building subjected to the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake (2011 Tohoku Earthquake) to identify each parameter while considering higher-order modes. In addition, secular changes and the amplitude dependence of each structure were analyzed.

Results: The results showed that the stiffness and damping of the seismic isolation layer, superstructure, and dynamic soil spring were stable with little variation owing to aging; however, the influence of amplitude dependence was relatively large.

Conclusion: The significance of considering higher-order modes in evaluations of the soundness of foundations and soil structures was demonstrated. Moreover, the response characteristics of earthquakes recorded from 2007, before the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, up to 2023 were accurately reproduced through numerical simulation by considering the amplitude dependence of the identified physical parameters based on the proposed identification framework.
Exploring the relationship of supernumerary recurrent renal calculi formation and tick-borne infections: a case report
Authors: Paz Dean C. , Gunther Abigael C. , Higham Michael C. , Stephenson Lynne G. , Laporta Anthony J. , Gubler K. Dean , Ryznar Rebecca J.
Published: January 2024

A 51-year-old male with a history of Cacchi-Ricci disease and long-standing infection with various species of Borrelia, Babesia, and Bartonella presented with recurrent symptoms of right-sided flank pain. Numerous renal calculi were identified on imaging. The etiology of the calculi had not been previously elucidated. Symptoms intermittently date back to 2002 when uric acid stones were identified. Subsequent calculi analysis revealed calcium oxalate stones. Despite the commonality of nephrolithiasis in patients with Cacchi-Ricci disease, the extreme number of calculi and recurrent presentation of symptoms persisted despite a plethora of medical evaluations, dietary changes, and hereditary testing. This case raises questions of etiology including possible immune deficiency and whether his uncommon microbial history contributes to recurrent stone formation.
Landscape ecological risk assessment across different terrain gradients in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Yan Jixuan , Qiao Hongqiang , Li Qiang , Song Miao , Yao Xiangdong , Gao Pengcheng , Zhang Meihua , Li Jie , Qi Guangping , Li Guang
Published: January 2024

The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological barrier zone in China, and the landscape pattern has changed greatly due to intense human activities. It is of great significance to explore the dynamic forecasting of ecological risk based on terrain gradient for the ecological security of the Yellow River Basin. In this study, the distribution characteristics of ecological risk from 2000 to 2040 are evaluated by CA-Markov and ERI models. We put forward a new method of landscape ecological risk assessment based on terrain gradient and further analyzed the relationship between ecological risk and terrain index. The results showed that the proportion of the cultivated land and the grassland in the Yellow River basin is more than 73%, with the largest dynamic change in 2020. The ecological risk in the study area showed a spatial pattern of “high in the northwest and southwest, low in the east and south-central.” During the study period, the overall ecological risk showed a decreasing trend, and the high risk was reduced by four times. The future ecological risk of all terrain gradient will show a decreasing trend, the high risks mainly occurred in areas with “flat terrain with low terrain gradient and low vegetation coverage.” This study will provide a new perspective for the dynamic forecasting of ecological risk and the analysis of the change of ecological risk through terrain gradients.
The dilemma of land green use efficiency in resource-based cities: a perspective based on digital transformation
Authors: Qian Qiulan , Luo Shuangcheng
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Improving land use efficiency is a necessary way to promote sustainable urban development. The objective of this study is to examine the issue of land green use efficiency (LGUE) in resource-based cities and analyze the impact of digital transformation on LGUE. The research utilizes data from 113 resource-based cities in China spanning from 2008 to 2020.

Methodology: Firstly, using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to measure LGUE in China cities, this paper investigates the spatial and temporal evolution of LGUE in different cities. Then, this paper explores the impact of digital transformation on the LGUE of resource-based cities based on the broadband China policy using the DID method.

Findings: According to the data measured by the SFA, it is found that resource-based cities are 20.4% lower than non-resource-based cities. An in-depth study found that digital transformation significantly improves LGUE, and the effect is greater in resource-based cities, which is a powerful tool to solve the difficulty of LGUE in resource-based cities. Specifically, digital transformation helps to improve the LGUE of resource-based cities enhance by technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading, and alleviating land factor mismatch.

Discussion: It is not only necessary to guide and encourage the in-depth integration of traditional industries with digital technology to enhance the digital transformation of resource-based cities, but also to continuously optimize the allocation of land resources between regions and narrow the gap in LGUE between cities.
Accessory gland size increases with sperm competition intensity in Cataglyphis desert ants
Authors: Degueldre Félicien , Aron Serge
Published: January 2024

In many species, females have multiple mates, whose sperm compete for paternity. Males may subsequently invest in the increased production of sperm and/or seminal fluid. The latter is a complex mixture of proteins, peptides, and other compounds generated by the accessory glands (AGs) and is transferred to females along with a male’s sperm. Seminal fluid is known to be a key determinant of competitive outcomes among sperm, and its production may trade off with that of sperm. We show that AG size—a proxy for seminal fluid production—has a positive and phylogenetically robust correlation with both sperm competition intensity and sperm production in nine species of Cataglyphis desert ants. These results indicate a lack of trade-off between sperm production and seminal fluid production. They underscore that sperm competition may strongly shape sperm traits and could drive reproductive performance in eusocial hymenopterans.
Xp21 DNA microdeletion syndrome in a Chinese family: clinical features show retinitis pigmentosa and chronic granuloma
Authors: Li Mengyang , Hu Xueqin , Wu Xueli , Zhao Na , Lian Yuanyuan , Ma Meijiao , Li Huiping , Sheng Xunlun
Published: January 2024

Xp21 DNA microdeletion syndrome is a very rare disease characterized by retinitis pigmentosa (RP), chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), and McLeod syndrome (MLS). Due to the complex and diverse clinical manifestations, early diagnosis remains a challenge for many physicians. In this study, for the purpose of determining the pathogenic gene variants and definitive diagnosis in a patient medically backgrounded with RP and CGD from a normal Chinese family, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in this proband and copy number variation (CNV) was further verified in other family members by qPCR. A genetic evaluation revealed that the short arm of the X chromosome in the proband had a deletion CNV Xp21.1p11.4 (37431123–38186681) of approximately 0.755 Mb in size, and contained three contiguous OMIM genes as X-linked Kx blood group antigen (XK), cytochrome b-245 beta chain (CYBB), and RP GTPase regulator (RPGR). The qPCR results confirmed the copy number loss in Xp21.1p11.4 present in the proband and his unaffected mother. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines for the CNV interpretation, the deletion of this segment was a pathogenic variant. Our results provided evidence that CNV deletion of Xp21.1p11.4 in the short arm of the X chromosome was a pathogenic variant in such Chinese RP and CGD family, and the McLeod phenotype was not yet available. This study suggests that genetic testing is essential for a definitive diagnosis, which should better assist physicians in prediction, diagnosis, genetic counseling, and guidance for Xp21 DNA microdeletion syndrome.
Ontogenetic shifts in Symbiodiniaceae assemblages within cultured Acropora humilis across hatchery rearing and post-transplantation phases
Authors: Jandang Suppakarn , Viyakarn Voranop , Yoshioka Yuki , Shinzato Chuya , Chavanich Suchana
Published: January 2024

Coral reefs have been declining worldwide due to multiple threats. Various approaches for coral restoration have been employed to increase coral populations. Sexual propagation is a crucial technique that can enhance the genetic diversity of coral offspring, thereby increasing coral reef resilience in the face of a changing environment. However, the effectiveness of using sexually reared corals for transplantation depends on many factors, including the biological traits of the coral and the physical environment. This study investigated the relationship between Acropora humilis and Symbiodiniaceae during the ontogenetic stages of the coral in ex-situ conditions and after transplantation to a natural reef. Coral sexual propagation techniques were conducted to produce experimental coral colonies. The fertilization rates of coral gametes averaged 98.48 ± 0.34%. However, the survival rate of juvenile corals gradually declined to 45.96 ± 1.31% at 18 months old under hatchery conditions and to 20% after transplantation to a natural reef. Acropora humilis associated with Symbiodiniaceae lineages belonging to three genera: Symbiodinium, Cladocopium, and Durusdinium. Reared juvenile corals developed a more specific and stable association with particular Symbiodiniaceae under hatchery conditions, whereas after transplantation, corals tended to contain a higher diversity of Symbiodiniaceae lineages. These results indicate that a shift in Symbiodiniaceae composition can provide long-term benefits to corals during their ontogenetic cycle and when the environment changes.
The effects of Surfactin on sprayed droplets in flat fan, full cone, and low energy precision application bubbler nozzles: droplet formation and spray breakup
Authors: Stallbaumer-Cyr Emily M. , Aguilar Jonathan , Betz Amy R. , Derby Melanie M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Agriculture is the largest user of water globally (i.e., 70% of freshwater use) and within the United States (i.e., 42% of freshwater use); irrigation ensures crops receive adequate water, thereby increasing crop yields. Surfactants have been used in various agricultural spray products to increase spray stability and alter droplet sizes.

Methods: The effects of the addition of surfactant (0.1 wt% Surfactin; surface tension of 29.2 mN/m) to distilled water (72.79 mN/m) on spray dynamics and droplet formation were investigated in four flat fan (206.8–413.7 kPa), one full cone (137.9–413.7 kPa), and three LEPA bubbler (41.4–103.4 kPa) nozzles via imaging.

Results and discussion: The flat fan and cone nozzles experienced second wind-induced breakup (i.e., unstable wavelengths drive breakup) of the liquid sheets exiting the nozzle; the addition of surfactant resulted in an increased breakup length and a decreased droplet size. The fan nozzles volumetric median droplet diameter decreased with the addition of surfactant (e.g., decreased by 26.3–65.6 μm in one nozzle). The full cone nozzle volumetric median droplet diameter decreased initially with the addition of surfactant (27.8, 14.3, and 13.4 μm at 137.9, 206.8, and 310.3 kPa respectively), but increased at 413.7 kPa (24.3 μm). Sprays from the bubbler nozzles were measured and observed to experience Rayleigh (i.e., the droplets form via capillary pinching at the end of the jet) and first wind-induced breakup (i.e., air impacts breakup along with capillary pinching). The effect of Surfactin on droplet size was minimal for the 41.4 kPa bubbler nozzle. The addition of surfactant increased the diameter of the jet or ligament formed from the bubbler plate, thereby increasing the breakup length and the droplet size at 68.9 and 103.4 kPa (droplet size increased by 750.6 and 4,462.7 μm, respectively).
RNA modifications in gynecological cancer: current status and future directions
Authors: He Wanshan , Hong Xiaoshan , Chen Guanqiao , Luo Xiping , Lin Yu
Published: January 2024

Currently, more than 170 modifications have been identified on RNA. RNA modification mainly regulates RNA splicing, intracellular transport, degradation, translation, and stability. Gynecologic cancer (GC) mainly includes cervical cancer (CCA), ovarian cancer (OC), Endometrial cancer (EMC), among others, is the leading cause of cancer-related death. At present, there is still a lack of effective means to eradicate such diseases, so it is important to conduct more in-depth research on gynecological cancers. Numerous studies have shown that a series of epigenetic changes occur during the development of gynecologic cancer. This article reviews the latest findings on the functional significance of RNA modification in gynecologic cancer and discusses the therapeutic potential of RNA modification-related inhibitors in the treatment of gynecologic cancer.
Genetic associations between autoimmune diseases and the risks of severe sepsis and 28-day mortality: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tie Xin , Zhao Yanjie , Su Jing , Liu Xing , Zou Tongjuan , Yin Wanhong
Published: January 2024

Background

Autoimmune diseases exhibit heterogenous dysregulation of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, akin to the pathophysiology of sepsis. It is speculated that individuals with autoimmune diseases may have an increased likelihood of developing sepsis and face elevated mortality risks following septic events. However, current observational studies have not yielded consistent conclusions. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between autoimmune diseases and the risks of sepsis and mortality using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods

We conducted a two-sample MR study involving a European population, with 30 autoimmune diseases as the exposure factors. To assess causal relationships, we employed the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method and used Cochran's Q test for heterogeneity, as well as the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test for potential horizontal pleiotropy.

Results

Genetically predicted Crohn's disease (β = 0.067, se = 0.034, p = 0.046, OR = 1.069, 95% CI = 1.001–1.141) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic (β = 0.069, se = 0.031, p = 0.023, OR = 1.071, 95% CI = 1.009–1.136) were positively associated with an increased risk of sepsis in critical care. Conversely, rheumatoid arthritis (β = −0.104, se = 0.047, p = 0.025, OR = 0.901, 95% CI = 0.823–0.987), ulcerative colitis (β = −0.208, se = 0.084, p = 0.013, OR = 0.812, 95% CI = 0.690–0.957), and narcolepsy (β = −0.202, se = 0.092, p = 0.028, OR = 0.818, 95% CI = 0.684–0.978) were associated with a reduced risk of sepsis in critical care. Moreover, Crohn's disease (β = 0.234, se = 0.067, p = 0.001, OR = 1.263, 95% CI = 1.108–1.440) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic (β = 0.158, se = 0.061, p = 0.009, OR = 1.171, 95% CI = 1.041–1.317) were also linked to an increased risk of 28-day mortality of sepsis in critical care. In contrast, multiple sclerosis (β = −0.261, se = 0.112, p = 0.020, OR = 0.771, 95% CI = 0.619–0.960) and narcolepsy (β = −0.536, se = 0.184, p = 0.003, OR = 0.585, 95% CI = 0.408–0.838) were linked to a decreased risk of 28-day mortality of sepsis in critical care.

Conclusion

This MR study identified causal associations between certain autoimmune diseases and risks of sepsis in critical care, and 28-day mortality in the European population. These findings suggest that exploring the mechanisms underlying autoimmune diseases may offer new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for sepsis prevention and treatment.
Membrane vesicles in Acidithiobacillia class extreme acidophiles: influence on collective behaviors of ‘Fervidacidithiobacillus caldus’
Authors: Rossoni Stefano , Beard Simón , Segura-Bidermann María Ignacia , Duarte-Ramírez Juan , Osorio Francisco Kirhman , Varas-Godoy Manuel , Martínez-Bellange Patricio , Vera Mario , Quatrini Raquel , Castro Matías
Published: January 2024

Membrane vesicles (MVs) are envelope-derived extracellular sacs that perform a broad diversity of physiological functions in bacteria. While considerably studied in pathogenic microorganisms, the roles, relevance, and biotechnological potential of MVs from environmental bacteria are less well established. Acidithiobacillaceae family bacteria are active players in the sulfur and iron biogeochemical cycles in extremely acidic environments and drivers of the leaching of mineral ores contributing to acid rock/mine drainage (ARD/AMD) and industrial bioleaching. One key aspect of such a role is the ability of these bacteria to tightly interact with the mineral surfaces and extract electrons and nutrients to support their chemolithotrophic metabolism. Despite recent advances in the characterization of acidithiobacilli biofilms and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, our understanding of its architectural and mechanistic aspects remains scant. Using different microscopy techniques and nano-tracking analysis we show that vesiculation is a common phenomenon in distant members of the Acidithiobacillaceae family, and further explore the role of MVs in multicellular colonization behaviors using ‘Fervidacidithiobacillus caldus’ as a bacterial model. Production of MVs in ‘F. caldus’ occurred in both planktonic cultures and biofilms formed on sulfur surfaces, where MVs appeared individually or in chains resembling tube-shaped membranous structures (TSMSs) important for microbial communication. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry data and bioinformatic analysis of the MV-associated proteome revealed that ‘F. caldus’ MVs were enriched in proteins involved in cell–cell and cell–surface processes and largely typified the MVs as outer MVs (OMVs). Finally, microbiological assays showed that amendment of ‘F. caldus’ MVs to cells and/or biofilms affects collective colonizing behaviors relevant to the ecophysiology and applications of these acidophiles, providing grounds for their exploitation in biomining.
Heterologous investigation of metabotropic and ionotropic odorant receptors in ab3A neurons of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Pettersson Johan Henning , Cattaneo Alberto Maria
Published: January 2024

In insects, antennal ionotropic receptors (IRs) and odorant receptors (ORs) are among the main sensors of olfactory cues. To functionally characterize the subunits from these receptors, the use of ab3A neurons from transgenic Drosophila melanogaster represented one of the most powerful tools, allowing the identification of ligands (deorphanization) and decrypting their pharmacological properties. However, further investigation is needed to shed light on possible metabotropic functionalities behind insect olfactory receptors and test potentials from the up-to-now-used empty neuronal systems to express subunits belonging to variegate receptor classes. In this project, we adopted the most updated system of Drosophila ab3A empty neurons to test various olfactory receptors, ranging from human ORs working as metabotropic G-protein coupled receptors to insect ionotropic IRs and ORs. Testing transgenic Drosophila expressing human ORs into ab3A neurons by single sensillum recording did not result in an OR response to ligands, but it rather re-established neuronal spiking from the empty neurons. When transgenic D. melanogaster expressed ionotropic IRs and ORs, both heterologous and cis-expressed IRs were non-functional, but the Drosophila suzukii OR19A1 subunit responded to a wide asset of ligands, distinguishing phasic or tonic compound-dependent effects. Despite the use of Drosophila ab3A neurons to test the activation of some metabotropic and ionotropic receptor subunits resulted non-functional, this study deorphanized a key OR of D. suzukii demonstrating its binding to alcohols, ketones, terpenes, and esters.
Vitamin D supplementation in later life: a systematic review of efficacy and safety in movement disorders
Authors: Homann Carl N. , Homann Barbara , Ivanic Gerd , Urbanic-Purkart Tadea
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitating middle to old-aged patients with neurological diseases including movement disorders (MDs). Despite the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in many patients with MDs, data supporting supplementation’s effectiveness and safety is sparse and conflicting, therefore, our explicit objective was to provide an all-encompassing review of the subject.

Methods

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and other scientific databases was conducted up to November 1 2023. The searches included RCTs in all languages with human participants aged 35 and above and not meeting these requirements led to exclusion.

Results

Four studies on Parkinson’s disease (PD) and one on restless legs syndrome (RLS) including 369 MD patients, however, none in a rehabilitation context, were found. Although three of the four PD studies showed better outcomes, such as decreasing levodopa-induced dyskinesia or enhancing physical performance in some or all domains, the RLS study did not identify symptom improvement. The one serious adverse effect observed, cerebral infarction, aroused safety concerns, however its relationship to vitamin D consumption is questionable. Structurally the studies can be characterized by large variations in patient populations, in primary outcomes, and disease severity, but typically a relatively short duration of therapy in most cases. With other limitations such as the small number of studies, major trial design heterogeneity, limited sample sizes, and a greatly variable Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) evaluation, only a qualitative synthesis was feasible.

Discussion

Two main implications can be inferred from these results, which we interpret as cautiously promising but overall insufficient for firm recommendations. First, there is an urgent need for more research on the role of vitamin D in MDs in the middle- to older-aged population, particularly during rehabilitation. Second, given the benefits of vitamin D supplementation for those who are deficient, we recommend routine screening and supplementation for MD patients.
Effect of body mass index on survival after spinal cord injury
Authors: Fallah Nader , Noonan Vanessa K. , Thorogood Nancy P. , Kwon Brian K. , Kopp Marcel A. , Schwab Jan M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Increased mortality after acute and chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a challenge and mandates a better understanding of the factors contributing to survival in these patients. This study investigated whether body mass index (BMI) measured after acute traumatic SCI is associated with a change in mortality.

Methods

A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted with 742 patients who were admitted to the Acute Spine Unit of the Vancouver General Hospital between 2004 and 2016 with a traumatic SCI. An investigation of the association between BMI on admission and long-term mortality was conducted using classification and regression tree (CART) and generalized additive models (spline curves) from acute care up to 7.7 years after SCI (chronic phase). Multivariable models were adjusted for (i) demographic factors (e.g., age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index) and (ii) injury characteristics (e.g., neurological level and severity and Injury Severity Score).

Results

After the exclusion of incomplete datasets (n = 602), 643 patients were analyzed, of whom 102 (18.5%) died during a period up to 7.7 years after SCI. CART identified three distinct mortality risk groups: (i) BMI: > 30.5 kg/m2, (ii) 17.5–30.5 kg/m2, and (iii) < 17.5 kg/m2. Mortality was lowest in the high BMI group (BMI > 30.5 kg/m2), followed by the middle-weight group (17.5–30.5 kg/m2), and was highest in the underweight group (BMI < 17.5 kg/m2). High BMI had a mild protective effect against mortality after SCI (hazard ratio 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09–0.88, p = 0.029), concordant with a modest “obesity paradox”. Moreover, being underweight at admission was a significant risk factor for mortality up to 7.7 years after SCI (hazard ratio 5.5, 95% CI: 2.34–13.17, p < 0.001).

Discussion

Mortality risk (1 month to 7.7 years after SCI) was associated with differences in BMI at admission. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms. Given an established association of BMI with metabolic determinants, these results may suggest unknown neuro-metabolic pathways that are crucial for patient survival.
Early apixaban administration considering the size of infarction and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Lee Min Hwan , Koo Jaseong , Kwon Hanim , Chang Jun Young , Kang Dong-Wha , Kwon Sun U. , Kim Jong S. , Kim Bum Joon
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose

Atrial fibrillation-related stroke (AF-stroke) is associated with an adverse prognosis, characterized by a high incidence of progression, recurrence, and hemorrhagic transformation. Our study aims to investigate the potential benefits of stratified early administration of apixaban, taking into account infarct size during the acute phase, in order to enhance functional outcomes.

Methods

We conducted this study at a tertiary referral stroke center, enrolling acute AF-stroke patients who received apixaban during the acute phase. Infarct size was categorized as small, medium, or large based on diffusion-weighted imaging. Patients were divided into two groups: standard initiation (apixaban initiation based on guidelines, i.e., small: 4 days, medium: 7 days, large: 14 days after stroke) and early initiation (initiation before guideline recommendations) groups. We compared favorable outcomes (modified Rankin scale score ≤ 2) at 3 months post-stroke, stroke progression, early recurrence, and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (sHT) between the groups.

Results

Out of 299 AF-stroke patients, 170 (56.9%) were in the early initiation group. A favorable outcome was observed in 105 (61.8%) patients in the early initiation group and 62 (48.1%) patients in the standard initiation group (p = 0.019). Stroke progression or early recurrence occurred less frequently in the early initiation group (4.7% versus 13.2%, p = 0.007). Nevertheless, no difference in sHT was noted between the groups. Early initiation of apixaban was independently associated with favorable outcomes (odds ratio: 2.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.44–5.28, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that early initiation of apixaban, tailored to infarct size, could serve as a viable strategy to enhance functional outcomes. This approach may potentially decrease stroke progression and early recurrence without elevating the risk of sHT.
Regional spinal cord volumes and pain profiles in AQP4-IgG + NMOSD and MOGAD
Authors: Asseyer Susanna , Zmira Ofir , Busse Laura , Pflantzer Barak , Schindler Patrick , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Paul Friedemann , Chien Claudia
Published: January 2024

Objective

Aquaporin-4-antibody-seropositive (AQP4-IgG+) Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disorder (MOGAD) are relapsing neuroinflammatory diseases, frequently leading to chronic pain. In both diseases, the spinal cord (SC) is often affected by myelitis attacks. We hypothesized that regional SC volumes differ between AQP4-IgG + NMOSD and MOGAD and that pain intensity is associated with lower SC volumes. To evaluate changes in the SC white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and pain intensity in patients with recent relapses (myelitis or optic neuritis), we further profiled phenotypes in a case series with longitudinal imaging and clinical data.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from 36 participants were analyzed in this retrospective study, including 20 AQP4-IgG + NMOSD and 16 MOGAD patients. Pain assessment was performed in all patients by the Brief Pain Inventory and painDETECT questionnaires. Segmentation of SC WM, GM, cervical cord volumes (combined volume of WM + GM) was performed at the C2/C3 cervical level. WM% and GM% were calculated using the cervical cord volume as a whole per patient. The presence of pain, pain severity, and clinical disability was evaluated and tested for associations with SC segmentations. Additionally, longitudinal data were deeply profiled in a case series of four patients with attacks between two MRI visits within one year.

Results

In AQP4-IgG + NMOSD, cervical cord volume was associated with mean pain severity within 24 h (β = −0.62, p = 0.009) and with daily life pain interference (β = −0.56, p = 0.010). Cross-sectional analysis showed no statistically significant SC volume differences between AQP4-IgG + NMOSD and MOGAD. However, in AQP4-IgG + NMOSD, SC WM% tended to be lower with increasing time from the last attack (β = −0.41, p = 0.096). This tendency was not observed in MOGAD. Our case series including two AQP4-IgG + NMOSD patients revealed SC GM% increased by roughly 2% with either a myelitis or optic neuritis attack between visits. Meanwhile, GM% decreased by 1–2% in two MOGAD patients with a myelitis attack between MRI visits.

Conclusion

In AQP4-IgG + NMOSD, lower cervical cord volume was associated with increased pain. Furthermore, cord GM changes were detected between MRI visits in patients with disease-related attacks in both groups. Regional SC MRI measures are pertinent for monitoring disease-related cord pathology in AQP4-IgG + NMOSD and MOGAD.
Higher serum ascorbic acid levels are associated with lower depression prevalence in US adults: a case-control study
Authors: Chen Mengyuan , Luo Haolong , Han Yan , Li Yuanhong , Zhou Li , Ren Xiangmei
Published: January 2024

Background

Recent studies have shown that a higher intake of ascorbic acid was associated with a lower prevalence of depression. Nevertheless, the recall bias was common in dietary surveys in these studies, and it was ignored that there were differences in the absorption and utilization of ascorbic acid in the body. Hence, we aim to investigate the association between serum ascorbic acid levels and the prevalence of depression in US adults.

Methods

A total of 3,404 participants from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) that underwent measurement of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores and serum levels of ascorbic acid. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) successfully established a case–control study, comprising 299 participants diagnosed with depression and 1,107 as controls. We used binary logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to explore associated risk factors for depression. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to show the nonlinear relationship between serum ascorbic acid levels and the prevalence of depression.

Results

The prevalence of depression was approximately 8.8%, with a median serum ascorbic acid level of 49.9 (36.0, 67.0) μmol/L. Results revealed that the serum ascorbic acid levels of depressed patients were significantly lower than those of non-depressed individuals (42.97 VS 52.97 μmol/L). The baseline data indicated that as serum ascorbic acid levels increased from Quartile 1 (Q1) to Quartile 4 (Q4), the depression prevalence decreased from 12.0 to 5.4% (p < 0.05). The results of the chi-square test after PSM showed that serum ascorbic acid was still statistically significant (p < 0.001) with the prevalence of depression. Forest plot showed that compared with the Q1 of serum ascorbic acid level, the OR and 95%CI of depression prevalence in Q4 was 0.42 (0.30 ~ 0.61), and the adjusted OR and 95%CI of depressive prevalence was 0.49 (0.33 ~ 0.73). RCS models showed an L-shaped nonlinear relationship (P for nonlinearity <0.05) between serum ascorbic acid and depression.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that higher serum ascorbic acid levels are associated with a reduced prevalence of depression.
Dietary diversity and possible cataract among Chinese elderly population
Authors: Zhao HaiYue , Zhang Junyang , Zhou Jie , Ma Yinghui
Published: January 2024

Background

While cataracts, the vision-clouding eye disease associated with aging, have long presumed dietary underpinnings, the relationship between dietary variety and cataract risk in developing nations has been nebulous. This research aims to investigate the association between dietary diversity scores (DDS) and the risk of cataracts, while considering various dietary diversity patterns.

Methods

This research utilized cross-sectional data from 2008 to 2018 extracted from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), implementing the Visual Function Index-14 (VF-14) to gauge cataract probability. The researchers captured participants' diet diversity by using the DDS metric and categorized it into total, animal-based, and plant-based diet patterns. To explore associations between dietary variety and cataract potential, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) was statistically modeled using the data, with adjustments made to account for potentially confounding factors. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted, excluding individuals with assorted eye conditions, to isolate cataract relationships.

Results

The study sample comprised 47,395 participants with a mean age of 86.1 years. The study found that a lower likelihood of developing cataract was correlated with both total diet (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.69–0.79) and plant-based diet (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.61–0.71), whereas a slightly higher risk was associated with animal-based diet (OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.84–0.96). The results remained unchanged in the sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

The diversified diets are linked to a decreased likelihood of developing cataracts, but animal-based diet faced heightened cataract odds. The implementation of a varied dietary regimen has the potential to serve as a cost-effective and efficient intervention strategy for the prevention of cataracts.
E2F1 mediates competition, proliferation and response to cisplatin in cohabitating resistant and sensitive ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Valdivia Andres , Cowan Matthew , Cardenas Horacio , Isac Ana Maria , Zhao Guangyuan , Huang Hao , Matei Daniela
Published: January 2024

Background

Tumor heterogeneity is one of the key factors leading to chemo-resistance relapse. It remains unknown how resistant cancer cells influence sensitive cells during cohabitation and growth within a heterogenous tumors. The goal of our study was to identify driving factors that mediate the interactions between resistant and sensitive cancer cells and to determine the effects of cohabitation on both phenotypes.

Methods

We used isogenic ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines pairs, sensitive and resistant to platinum: OVCAR5 vs. OVCAR5 CisR and PE01 vs. PE04, respectively, to perform long term direct culture and to study the phenotypical changes of the interaction of these cells.

Results

Long term direct co-culture of sensitive and resistant OC cells promoted proliferation (p < 0.001) of sensitive cells and increased the proportion of cells in the G1 and S cell cycle phase in both PE01 and OVCAR5 cells. Direct co-culture led to a decrease in the IC50 to platinum in the cisplatin-sensitive cells (5.92 µM to 2.79 µM for PE01, and from 2.05 µM to 1.51 µM for OVCAR5). RNAseq analysis of co-cultured cells showed enrichment of Cell Cycle Control, Cyclins and Cell Cycle Regulation pathways. The transcription factor E2F1 was predicted as the main effector responsible for the transcriptomic changes in sensitive cells. Western blot and qRT-PCR confirmed upregulation of E2F1 in co-cultured vs monoculture. Furthermore, an E2F1 inhibitor reverted the increase in proliferation rate induced by co-culture to baseline levels.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that long term cohabitation of chemo-sensitive and -resistant cancer cells drive sensitive cells to a higher proliferative state, more responsive to platinum. Our results reveal an unexpected effect caused by direct interactions between cancer cells with different proliferative rates and levels of platinum resistance, modelling competition between cells in heterogeneous tumors.
The association and clinicopathological significance of Integrin alphavbeta6 and Rac1 expression in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Yu Junjian , Jia Wenyu , Liu Qi , Yuan Antai , Jia Zhuoyu , Sun YuQi , Li Zequn , Cao Shougen
Published: January 2024

Background

The present study investigate the expression and correlation of ITGB6 and Rac1 proteins in gastric cancer tissues. By exploring the clinical significance and functions of these proteins, we aimed to gain further insights into the mechanisms underlying gastric cancer development.

Patients and methods

In this study, a total of 198 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and who underwent gastrectomy between July 2010 to October 2012 were included. The median follow-up time was 52.00 months. To evaluate the factors influencing overall survival, Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and Cox regression analysis were conducted. Furthermore, an independent prognostic factor-based nomogram was constructed and validated to predict survival outcomes in gastric cancer patients. In addition, in vitro experiments including CCK8 and Transwell assays were conducted to explore the roles of ITGB6 and Rac1 in gastric cancer.

Results

The expression levels of ITGB6 and Rac1 in gastric cancerous and paraneoplastic tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation and clinical significance of the two proteins were also investigated. ITGB6 expression showed significant associations with tumor size (P=0.030), pathological grading (P=0.013), location (P=0.031), N stage (P=0.002), and clinical stage (P=0.002). Additionally, we found that tumor size (P=0.013), tumor’s anatomical location (P=0.031), N stage (P=0.002), clinical stage (P=0.035), and survival status (P<0.001) were significantly associated with the expression of Rac1. ITGB6 was moderately correlated with Rac1 (r=0.285, P<0.001). Both the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression model analysis demonstrated that the presence of positive expression of ITGB6 and Rac1 proteins served as independent prognostic factors for gastric cancer. These findings highlight the potential of ITGB6 and Rac1 as valuable markers for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients (HR=2.212 P<0.001 and HR=2.073 P=0.001), with a significant poorer trend for 5-year survival (P<0.0001, respectively, the log-rank test). Additionally, subsequent in vitro experiments preliminarily demonstrated that ITGB6 and Rac1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and ITGB6 may functions via targeting Rac1.

Conclusion

ITGB6 and Rac1 are indicators of poor prognosis and tumor progression in gastric cancer patients. The potential signaling pathways associated with both may provide useful targets for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
Current status of vitamin D2 deficiency among children in a region of China
Authors: Liu Jia , An Zhihua , An Na , Zhao Yile , Zhang Guying , Zhao Deyun
Published: January 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to explore the current status of vitamin D2 (VD2) deficiency in hospitalized children in a region of China.

Methods

The instances of detection of vitamin D (VD) and VD2 in children who visited the hospital from January 2022 to May 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Additionally, the relationships between VD2 level and gender and age were further analyzed. Furthermore, for departments with a high frequency of VD detection, the VD2 deficiencies in children with different diseases were further analyzed.

Results

Among the different age groups, children aged 11–15 years exhibited the most severe VD2 deficiency, followed by those aged 7–10 years, 0–1 years, and 2–6 years. Moreover, 25(OH)D2 levels were significantly lower in children aged 7–10 years and 11–15 years compared with 2–6 years. Gender did not have an impact on the level of 25(OH)D2. When analyzing the orthopedics, dermatology, thoracic surgery, and nephroimmunology departments’ data on children's levels of 25(OH)D2, it was found that an average of approximately 76.56% had levels below <1.5 ng/ml compared to individuals with levels between >15 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml. The average ratio between individuals with <1.5 ng/ml vs. those with <15 ng/ml was found to be 91.22%.

Conclusions

Children who came to the hospital were severely deficient in VD2. The degree of deficiency was related to age, but there was no gender difference. The phenomenon of VD2 deficiency was reflected in children with both skeletal and non-skeletal diseases.