bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trans* voting: demand and supply side of trans* politics in Germany
Authors: Hunklinger Michael , Ferch Niklas
Published: January 2020

Trans* people and trans* issues have been part of the scientific literature for over a decade, though framed most of the time under umbrella terms such as ‘LGBT’ or ‘LGBTIQ*’ and often without further consideration regarding trans*-specific issues. In this article, we take an emancipatory approach and focus on trans* people as political subjects. For the first time, we thus present data on the political preferences, attitudes and voting behaviour of trans* people in Germany, and put them in relation to the parties’ manifestos for the 2017 German general election (the 2017 Bundestagswahl). We discuss our findings in the theoretical context of trans* citizenship and trans* visibility. This approach positions trans* people as citizens in the centre of analysis and adds to our understanding of the citizenship of minority groups in our modern societies.
Colorimetrical uncertainty of a hyperspectral imaging microscopy system for assessing whole-slide imaging devices
Authors: Lemaillet Paul , Cheng Wei-Chung
Published: January 2020

A whole-slide imaging (WSI) device is a color medical imaging system whose application in digital pathology is to digitalize stained tissue samples into electronic images for pathologists to diagnose without using a conventional light microscope. Testing the color performance of a WSI device usually implies a color target with known truth that is compared with the device output to estimate color differences. Using stained tissue samples as color targets is challenging because the cellular features cannot be measured with ordinary spectroradiometers unless a hyperspectral imaging microscopy system (HIMS) is used. The goal of this study is to determine the colorimetrical uncertainty of such a reference HIMS that is designed to assess the color performance of WSI devices. A set of optical filters are used for that purpose. The color truth, in terms of spectral transmittance in the visible band, of the optical filters is measured by a reference spectroradiometer. The spectral transmittance is combined with a standard illuminant to generate colorimetrical measures using the CIEXYZ and CIELAB formulas. The differences between the reference HIMS and the reference spectroradiometer are evaluated using the CIE 1976 color difference formulas.
Analysis of CNN-based remote-PPG to understand limitations and sensitivities
Authors: Zhan Qi , Wang Wenjin , de Haan Gerard
Published: January 2020

Deep learning based on convolutional neural network (CNN) has shown promising results in various vision-based applications, recently also in camera-based vital signs monitoring. The CNN-based photoplethysmography (PPG) extraction has, so far, been focused on performance rather than understanding. In this paper, we try to answer four questions with experiments aiming at improving our understanding of this methodology as it gains popularity. We conclude that the network exploits the blood absorption variation to extract the physiological signals, and that the choice and parameters (phase, spectral content, etc.) of the reference-signal may be more critical than anticipated. The availability of multiple convolutional kernels is necessary for CNN to arrive at a flexible channel combination through the spatial operation, but may not provide the same motion-robustness as a multi-site measurement using knowledge-based PPG extraction. We also find that the PPG-related prior knowledge may still be helpful for the CNN-based PPG extraction, and recommend further investigation of hybrid CNN-based methods that include prior knowledge in their design.
Transfer of optical vortices using two-photon processes in a diamond configuration atomic system
Authors: Wang Fei , Hu Fanggui , Xu Jun , Wang Xidong
Published: January 2020

The transfer of optical vortices is studied based on double two-photon processes in a four-level diamond configuration system. A pair of strong fields are applied to prepare atomic coherence, while two weak probe fields are coupled with the other two transitions. When the two-photon resonances are satisfied, the analytical results for the intensities of the probe fields are calculated using perturbation theory and an adiabatic approximation approach. Our results explore whether the orbital angular momentum of an input probe beam or the second control field can be transferred to the generated probe field, and this is verified by numerical simulation. It is interesting that as the intensities of the control fields increase, the propagation of probe beams exhibits oscillation behaviors only when the one-photon detuning is nonzero. Furthermore, we show that the absorption losses are minimized, and the transfer efficiency is enhanced by appropriately modifying the one-photon detuning together with the control-field Rabi frequencies.
Picosecond laser-induced surface structures on alloys in liquids and their influence on nanoparticle productivity during laser ablation
Authors: Nadarajah Ruksan , Barcikowski Stephan , Gökce Bilal
Published: January 2020

The productivity of nanoparticles formed by laser ablation of gold-silver and iron-gold alloy as well as copper and iron-nickel alloy targets in water is correlated with the formation of laser-induced surface structures. At a laser fluence optimized for maximum nanoparticle productivity, it is found that a binary alloy with an equimolar ratio forms laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) after ablation, if one of the constituent metals also form LIPSS. The ablation rate of nanoparticles linearly depends on the laser fluence if LIPSS is not formed, while a logarithmic trend and a decrease in productivity is evident when LIPSS is formed. To cancel LIPSS formation and recover from this decrease, a change to circularly polarized light is performed and an increase in nanoparticle productivity of more than 30% is observed.
Analysis of three-dimensional mapping problems in incoherent digital holography
Authors: Jeon Philjun , Lee Heejung , Kim Jongwu , Liu Cheng , Kim Dugyoung
Published: January 2020

Self-interference digital holography (SIDH) and Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) are recently introduced holographic imaging schemes to record and reconstruct three-dimensional (3-D) information of objects by using incoherent light. Unlike conventional holography, a reference wave in incoherent holography is not predetermined by an experimental setup, but changes with target objects in incoherent holography. This makes the relation between the 3-D position information of an object and those stored in a measured hologram quite complicated. In this paper, we provide simple analytic equations for an effective 3D mapping between object space and the image space in incoherent holography. We have validated our proposed method with numerical simulations and off-axis SIDH experiments.
Compact efficient high-power triple-color Nd:YVO4 yellow-lime-green self-Raman lasers
Authors: Liu Y. C. , Chen C. M. , Hsiao J. Q. , Pan Y. Y. , Tsou C. H. , Liang H. C. , Chen Y. F.
Published: January 2020

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach is developed to realize a high-power compact efficient yellow-lime-green triple-color

N
d

:

Y
V
O

4

self-Raman laser. The 588 nm yellow laser, the 559 nm lime laser, and the 532 nm green laser are converted from the 1064 nm fundamental wave and the 1176 nm Stokes Raman field. The simultaneous three-color operation is accomplished with three stages to step-by-step generate the 588 nm, 559 nm, and 532 nm lasers by using three different lithium triborate (LBO) crystals. By tuning the temperature of each individual LBO crystal, the 588 nm, 559 nm, and 532 nm output powers can be nearly the same and concurrently up to 2.4 W at the incident pump power of 30 W, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 24% for the total output power.
Resolving absolute depth in circular-ranging optical coherence tomography by using a degenerate frequency comb: publisher’s note
Authors: Lippok Norman , Vakoc Benjamin J.
Published: January 2020

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.
45, 371 (2020).OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.379968
Bulk ZnSe and CdS two-photon absorption measurement with an F-scan nonlinear absorption spectrometer
Authors: Garcia H. , Serna J. , Rueda E.
Published: January 2020

Using an electrically focus tunable lens (EFTL) in an F-scan setup and a tunable femtosecond-pulse laser (Mai Tai HP), we were able to measure the degenerated two-photon absorption coefficient (in transmission) of CdS and ZnSe in an extended range of wavelengths (690-1040 nm), with a 5 nm resolution. The process of measuring takes less than 30 minutes. We compared our results with theoretical approaches for the dispersion relations of the nonlinear properties of semiconductors and found excellent agreement with the experimental results. We also compare our results with those reported in the literature. We derive the nonlinear refraction using a Kramers-Kronig relation and compare it with the values reported in the literature. The system has no moving parts, is highly compact, and is fully automated.
Broadband on-chip photonic spin Hall element via inverse design
Authors: Xie Zhenwei , Lei Ting , Qiu Haodong , Zhang Zecen , Wang Hong , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: January 2020

The photonic spin Hall effect plays an important role in photonic information technologies, especially in on-chip spin Hall devices. However, conventional devices suffer from low efficiency or narrow bandwidth, which prevents their practical application. Here, we introduce a spin Hall device using inverse design to achieve both high efficiency and broadband. Spin-dependent light separation is enabled by a 2.4 μm circular device with 100 nm pixels. The photonic spin Hall element is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator wafer compatible with a standard integrated photonic circuit. The spin light is detected and emitted with an efficiency of up to 22% and 35%, respectively, over a 200 nm bandwidth at optical wavelength.
Erbium-doped TeO2-coated Si3N4 waveguide amplifiers with 5  dB net gain
Authors: Frankis Henry C. , Mbonde Hamidu M. , Bonneville Dawson B. , Zhang Chenglin , Mateman Richard , Leinse Arne , Bradley Jonathan D. B.
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate 5 dB net gain in an erbium-doped tellurium-oxide-coated silicon nitride waveguide. The amplifier design leverages the high refractive index and high gain in erbium-doped tellurite glass as well as the ultra-low losses and mature, reliable, and low-cost fabrication methods of silicon nitride waveguide technology. We show that the waveguide platform demonstrates low background propagation losses of 0.25 dB/cm based on a ring resonator device with a

Q

factor of

1.3
×

10
6

at 1640 nm. We measure 5 dB peak net gain at 1558 nm and

>
3
  
dB

of net gain across the C band in a 6.7 cm long waveguide for 35 mW of launched 1470 nm pump power. Gain per unit length of 1.7 and 1.4 dB/cm is measured in a 2.2 cm long waveguide for 970 and 1470 nm pump wavelengths, respectively. Amplifier simulations predict that

>
10
  
dB

gain can be achieved across the C band simply by optimizing waveguide length and fiber-chip coupling. These results demonstrate a promising approach for the monolithic integration of compact erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers on silicon nitride chips and within silicon-based photonic integrated circuits.
Quantum nonreciprocality in quadratic optomechanics
Authors: Xu Xunwei , Zhao Yanjun , Wang Hui , Jing Hui , Chen Aixi
Published: January 2020

We propose to achieve nonreciprocal quantum control of photons in a quadratic optomechanical (QOM) system based on directional nonlinear interactions. We show that by optically pumping the QOM system in one side, the effective QOM coupling can be enhanced significantly in that side, but not for the other side. This, contrary to the intuitive picture, allows the emergence of a nonreciprocal photon blockade in such optomechanical devices with weak single-photon QOM coupling. Our proposal opens up the prospect of exploring and utilizing quantum nonreciprocal optomechanics, with applications ranging from single-photon nonreciprocal devices to on-chip chiral quantum engineering.
O desporto como prática estética
Authors: Pita António Pedro
Published: January 2020

Este artigo pretende pensar o que pode extrair-se de um pensamento teórico dodesporto para o propósito de delimitação do campo autónomo da estética e o que a consolidação de uma autonomia da estética pode beneficiar de uma reflexão centrada no desporto. Teoriza, por isso, sobre os conceitos de estética e desporto, contribuindo para uma reflexão alargada sobre a própria cultura e comunicação.
A mitologia greco-romana e a natureza nas representações do amor e do erotismo em Glaura de Silva Alvarenga
Authors: Braga Alessandro Eloy
Published: January 2020

Silva Alvarenga é um poeta do Arcadismo brasileiro cuja poesia neoclássica demonstra forte influência da cultura antiga de origem Greco-romana. Neste artigo, discutimos a representação do amor nos versos deste poeta árcade que compõem o livro Glaura: poemas eróticos, publicado em 1799, esclarecendo as relações entre o sentimento amoroso e as referências a imagens da natureza e da mitologia Greco-romana utilizadas pelo poeta para compor o cenário bucólico do encontro entre amante e amada.
Frei João dos Prazeres e o uso dos Clássicos no Abecedário Real de 1692
Authors: Teixeira André
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo, pretende-se observar o modo como as obras da Antiguidade Clássica são citadas e com que fins, no Abecedário Real (1692) de Frei João dos Prazeres. A questão essencial do artigo é a tentativa de compreensão do que leva um monge seiscentista a referenciar de maneira tão acentuada os autores da Antiguidade Clássica.
Comparison of nutritional status among children with biliary atresia according to age at the time of Kasai procedure
Authors: Pratiwi Febricilla Citra , Widowati Titis , Prawirohartono Endy Paryanto
Published: January 2020

Background  Recent studies revealed better outcomes among children with biliary atresia (BA) who underwent Kasai procedure at 60 to 90 days of age. Delayed Kasai procedure has a high risk of complications, including nutritional deficits which lead to malnutrition.

Objective To determine the nutritional status of children with BA according to age at the time of Kasai procedure.

Methods Using medical records, we conducted a retrospective study in children with BA based on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) or intraoperative cholangiography, who were admitted between 2015 to 2017 and underwent Kasai surgery at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Nutritional status was evaluated on the day before Kasai procedure, and classified into 4 groups of subjects based on age at the time the children underwent Kasai procedure (<60 days, 60-90 days, >90-120 days, and >120 days). Normal distribution data was analyzed with Saphiro-Wilk test and mean T-test was used to compare mean age at the time of Kasai procedure between groups of well-nourished and malnourished subjects.

Results A total of 39 children with BA underwent Kasai procedure. Of 3 children who underwent Kasai procedure at <60 days of age, 2 were well-nourished and 1 was malnourished. Of the 12 children who underwent Kasai procedure at 60-90 days of age, 6 were well-nourished and 6 were malnourished. Of the 7 children who underwent Kasai procedure at >90-120 days of age, 4 were well-nourished and 3 were malnourished. Of 17 children who underwent Kasai procedure at >120 days of age, 5 were well-nourished and 12 were malnourished. The means of age at the time of Kasai procedure were higher in malnourished subject than well-nourished.

Conclusion The highest prevalence of malnourishment is seen in children with biliary atresia who underwent Kasai procedure at >120 days of age.
The Economic Effects Of China's Belt And Road Initiative On Selected Southeast European Countries
Authors: Grossmann Samuel
Published: January 2020

During the current political atmosphere in Europe with rising nationalism and the fact that for the first time in the EUs history a country plans to leave the union, Montenegro and Serbia still face lots of challenges before they will be able to become EU member states. Until then it is likely that they will continue to look for fast and, at least on the first look, uncomplicated and unproblematic financing methods. The low bureaucratic hurdles and the fast implementation of Chinese-backed infrastructure projects will continue to be a lucrative alternative to the funds provided by the EU. That these advantageous parameters are also caused by the bypassing of EU regulations, as well as national laws on tendering, procurement, safety or labor laws are partially circumvented. The 16+1 format could be a good way to coordinate these investment flows across European borders. But it also poses challenges to the cohesion of the EU as a whole through the growing influence of China through its financing activities and a wide range of other soft power activities in the East and Southeast European countries involved in the format.
Measuring Availability and Prices of Locally Produced and Imported Medicines in Sudan
Authors: Khder Salah I. , Alwakeel Abdulgader , SaifAldawla Abeya , Ali Asmahan A. , Kadoma Muhtadi , Hassan Narmeen , Mohammed Sidig , Mousnad Mohamed Awad
Published: January 2020

Introduction The objective of this study was to compare the availability and prices of locally produced and imported medicines, in particular after one year from medicines importation restriction and to answer the key questions, did local manufacturers able to coverage national needs of medicines and what is the patient prices for locally produced compared to imported medicines in different sectors and regions of Sudan. Methodology The WHO/HAI methodology survey tool was adapted to measure the availability and price of locally produced and imported medicines. Patient price and availability were collected from capital cities of 6 states as per WHO/HAI methodology. Data were collected and analyzed for 50 medicines from the 104 medicines restricted to local manufacturer. Availability was based on whether the medicine was in stock on the day of data collection at the surveyed facility. Prices were expressed as median price ratio (MPR). Results Availability of locally manufactured medicines (LMM) was much better than imported medicines (IM), in the public, (47.2% vs. 14%, respectively) and private (63.9% vs. 23.5%, respectively) sectors. Based on median price ratio (MPR), public sector patient prices for locally manufactured medicines were lowered priced and had a median MPR of 2.4 (n=42) than imported medicines which had a median MPR of 4.99 (n=20). In private sector patient prices for locally manufactured medicines were also lowered priced and had a median MPR of 2.76 (n=45) than imported medicines which had a median MPR of 5.53 (n=27). Thus; patients were paying about 52% less for locally produced than for imported medicines in both sectors Conclusion The survey showed low availability of the basket of medicines surveyed in the public and private sectors for imported medicines (I.M), while not achieving WHO’s target of 80 % for locally manufactured medicines (LMM). In developing countries a lot of barriers are well known to business and industrial need to be resolved in order to maintain availability and self-reliance in drug production as a mean of increasing access to medicines.
Awareness of Emerging Glanders in Horses in Indonesia
Authors: Noor Susan Maphilindawati
Published: January 2020

Glanders is a zoonotic disease that is highly contagious in animals and humans, caused by Burkholderia mallei. The clinical manifestations of glanders in horses are in the form of lesions on skin, nose and lungs. Horses play a role in transmitting glanders to healthy animal populations around them due to latent infections. Infection of glanders in humans is acute causing respiratory failure and could be fatal without proper treatment. Recently re-emerging glanders is reported in several countries that have eradicated diseases such as in India, Germany and China. The status of glanders in Indonesia is declared free, but surveillance showed positive antibodies to B. mallei in horses, as had been reported in 1939 and in 2018 in Jakarta. Glanders has a negative impact on a country's economy resulting in restrictions on international trade. Prevention of emerging glanders to Indonesia needs to be alerted because there is no effective treatment, no vaccines available for prevention and causing negative economic impacts. This paper aims to discuss glanders in horses, countermeasures through monitoring and surveillance, early detection in order to increase awareness of emerging glanders in Indonesia.
“Government in Petticoats”: Gender Poetics in New Jersey’s Newspaper Literature, 1789-1807
Authors: Zukowski Scott
Published: January 2020

This essay analyzes the literature (poetry, anecdotes, fiction, and miscellanies) of New Jersey newspapers between 1789 and 1807, a period when many of the state’s women were legally enfranchised. Scholarship concerning New Jersey’s ephemeral texts by or about women and the vote during these years has been limited, often because of the archive’s perceived limitations: there is little direct reference to women’s suffrage to be found there. However, by concentrating on the literary texts often overlooked in favor of more expositive, essayistic pieces, this study sheds new light on early republican anxieties to define and control gender in the public sphere, and it offers a new critical perspective of shifting and interrelated notions of womanhood, gender, and early American ideologies of liberty, equality, and rights.
İŞE İLİŞKİN DUYUŞSAL İYİLİK ALGISI ÖLÇEĞİNİN JOB-RELA TED AFFECTIVE WELL-BEING - JAWS TÜRKÇE VERSİYONUNUN GÜVENİLİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: BAYRAM Nuran , KUŞDİL M. Ersin , AYTAÇ Serpil , BİLGEL Nazan
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışma, Katvvyk, Fox, Spector ve Kelloway tarafından oluşturulan ve işe ilişkin duyuşsal iyilik algısını (job-related affective well-being) etkileyen farklı duyguların ölçülmesine olanak sağlayan bir ölçeğin (jaws) güvenirliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Uludağ Üniversitesinin tüm birimlerinden çeşitli görevlerde çalışanlardan oluşan 362 katılımcıya uygulanan anket yoluyla toplanan veriler, çok boyutlu ölçekleme analizi ile incelenmiş; Katwyk ve arkadaşları tarafından önerilen model içindeki iki ana boyut ve dört alt tipin bu veri grubuyla da elde edilebildiği saptanmıştır. Orijinal ölçekte bulunan 30 maddeden yirmisinin Türkçe versiyonda yer alması gerektiğine karar verilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın örnekleminden elde edilen verilerin alt tiplere ilişkin ortalama, standart sapma ve iç korelasyonları orijinal çalışmanın araştırmacıları tarafından Amerikan örnekleminden elde ettikleri değerlerle birlikte ele alınarak benzerlikler incelenmiştir. İki örneklemin verileri arasındaki yüksek düzeyde benzerlikler, ölçeğin Türkçe versiyonunun kuramsal açıdan benzer eğilimleri ölçebildiğinin dolaylı kanıtlan olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Geçerlilik çalışmaları için özellikle çalışma yaşamında stresle bağlantılı araştırmaların bilgilendirici olabileceği yargısına varılmıştır.
KAMU VE ÖZEL SEKTÖRDE FAALİYET GÖSTEREN İŞLETMELERDE YÖNETİCİLERİN İŞ ÖZELLİKLERİ, LİDERLİK TARZI VE ÖRGÜTE BAĞLILIK AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: KÖSEOĞLU Mustafa
Published: January 2020

Bu makale, kamu ve özel sektör arasındaki farklılıkları açıklamaya yönelik bir çalışmadır. Cevaplar kamu ve özel sektörde faaliyet gösteren 48 işletme yöneticisinden elde edilmiştir. Özellikle, a) iş özelliklerinin boyuttan; b) tepe yönetiminin liderlik tara; ve c) örgüte bağlılığı algılamada kamu ve özel sektör yöneticileri arasındaki önemli farktan bulmak için hipotezler formüle edildi. Sonuçlar ikinci hipotezi desteklemekte fakat birinci hipotez için kısmı destek sağlarken, üçüncü hipotezi desteklememektedir.
1994 YILI HANEHALKI GELİR DAĞILIMINA YÖNELİK 1994 SONRASI İZLENEN VERGİ POLİTİKALARI: GENEL BİR ANALİZ
Authors: BAĞDİGEN Muhlis
Published: January 2020

Toplumun sosyal refah içinde olması o toplumun gelir düzeyinin yüksekliği kadar hanehalkı arasında eşit dağılımıyla da bağlantılıdır. Bu doğrultuda, sosyal devlet olmanın vermiş olduğu önemli görevlerden birisi de hane halkları arasındaki gelirin ne kadar adaletli dağıldığının tespitinin iyi yapılması ve bu tespit doğrultusunda izlenecek politikaların belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışmada, 1994 yılı ve sonrası vergi politikalarının gelir dağılımında adaletin sağlanmasına ne derece uygun olduğu ampirik olarak analiz edilmektedir. Analizde dolaylı ve dolaysız vergi gelirleri, kendi alt gruplarında dikkate alınarak karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Ampirik bulgular, takip edilen vergi politikaları ile fakirden zengine, gelirin yeniden dağılımının amaçlanmasından ziyade, daha çok devlete gelir sağlamanın esas alındığını göstermektedir.
STOKASTİK TRENDİN LOKAL POLİNOMAL YAKLAŞIM YE ÜSTEL DÜZGÜNLEŞTİRME İLE BULUNMASINDA HATA KARELERİ ORTALAMASININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: ÇAĞLAR Nazan , ÇAĞLAR Hikmet
Published: January 2020

Üstel düzgünleştirme modelleri stokastik trendin elde edilmesinde kullanılan en temel yöntemdir. Düzgünleştirme problemlerinde kullanılabilecek alternatif bir yöntemde Lokal Polinomal yaklaşımdır. Bizim çalışmamızda Lokal polinomlarda ağırlık fonksiyonu olarak Kernel fonksiyonları kullanılmıştır. Özellikle son yıllarda bu alanda yapılan bilimsel çalışmalarda Kernel fonksiyonları çok geniş yer tutmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada Üstel düzgünleştirme ve Lokal Polinomal yaklaşım modelleri için hata kareleri ortalaması (HKO) karşılaştırılarak en uygun yöntem belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla stokastik trend Türkiye’deki altın fiyatları kullanılarak her iki yöntem için bulunmuş ve HKO lar hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca üstel düzgünleştirmeyi sağlayan otlar için HKO lar araştırılmıştır.
Process planning and scheduling optimisation with alternative recipes
Authors: Dziurzanski Piotr , Zhao Shuai , Scholze Sebastian , Zilverberg Albert , Krone Karl , Indrusiak Leandro Soares
Published: January 2020

This paper considers an application of a new variant of a multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling problem, featuring multisubset selection of manufactured recipes, to a real-world chemical plant. The problem is optimised using a multi-objective genetic algorithm with customised mutation and elitism operators that minimises both the total production time and the produced commodity surplus. The algorithm evaluation is performed with both random and historic manufacturing orders. The latter demonstrated that the proposed system can lead to more than 10 % makespan improvements in comparison with human operators.
Protective effects of emodin on lung injuries in rat models of liver fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Lili , Zhang Huiying , Wang Limin , Fan Yimin , Zhang Cuiying , Li Xujiong , Han Dewu , Ji Cheng
Published: January 2020

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of emodin (EMD) on the lung injuries in the rat models of liver fibrosis.

Methods

Liver fibrosis was established in rats and the effect of intervention using EMD treatment was determined. Liver and lung weight coefficients were measured and lung content of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α), MDA (malondialdehyde), NO (nitric oxide), and ONOO- (peroxynitrite) were determined. Finally, histopathological changes were evaluated.

Results

Compared with the normal control group, the lung weight coefficient was significantly increased in the fibrosis model group. Moreover, pulmonary edema and inflammatory responses were observed. Levels of TNF-α, MDA, NO, and ONOO- in the lung homogenate were significantly increased in the fibrosis model group. After EMD treatment, the lung weight coefficients were significantly reduced. Moreover, pathological changes in the lung tissue were dramatically alleviated. Levels of TNF-α, MDA, NO, and ONOO- were significantly decreased.

Conclusion

EMD exhibits protective effects against lung injuries in a rat model of liver fibrosis.
Violin varnish induced changes in the vibro-mechanical properties of spruce and maple wood
Authors: Lämmlein Sarah Louise , Van Damme Bart , Mannes David , Schwarze Francis Willis Matthew Robert , Burgert Ingo
Published: January 2020

Violin varnishes are known to alter the longitudinal and radial material properties of violin tonewood. Here, the varnish-induced changes in the vibrational and elastic properties of spruce and maple wood were studied by modal analysis of rectangular plates. This contact-free investigation yields the eigenfrequencies and corresponding mode shapes and modal damping ratios of multiple out-of-plane modes. The longitudinal and radial E-modulus and the in-plane shear modulus were determined by an inverse material property determination process. The influence of traditional European varnish materials and different coating build-ups, comprising alcohol-based as well as oil-based varnishes, was studied during their application and for several months during drying and aging of the multi-layered systems. The evolutions of the changes induced by the different varnishes were rather similar and, except for modal damping, less pronounced for maple than for spruce. For the latter, the longitudinal E-modulus was slightly decreased while the shear modulus and radial E-modulus were increased after 18 months. The strong increases in modal damping ratios shortly after applying the coating systems (up to 150%) were reduced over time but remained significant for the time-span studied. However, also small differences between the influence of different coating systems and varnish materials on the amplitude of the induced changes became apparent.
Timber moisture content adjustment factors for nondestructive testing (NDT): acoustic, vibration and probing techniques
Authors: Llana Daniel F. , Íñiguez-González Guillermo , Esteban Miguel , Hermoso Eva , Arriaga Francisco
Published: January 2020

Nondestructive testing (NDT) includes several highly efficient techniques for the estimation of the physical and mechanical properties of structural timber. However, NDT results are affected by several factors [moisture content (MC), temperature, specimen dimensions, sensor positioning and grain angle, timber-sensor coupling, etc.], of which wood MC is the most important. Scientific research on MC influence in NDT measurements started in the 19thcentury, and 2018 was the first year that a MC adjustment for NDT measurements was published in a European standard (EN14081-2). Although MC influence on NDT has been studied for more than 170 years, MC adjustment factor research is important nowadays because it is widely used in the industry. Currently, NDT device manufacturers develop their own MC adjustment factors adapted to their equipment and species. This paper presents an exhaustive review of MC adjustments for different types of NDT equipment, as proposed by several authors from the 19thcentury to date, and a discussion of factors affecting MC adjustments.
Changes in the wood-water interactions of mahogany wood due to heat treatment
Authors: Zhou Fan , Fu Zongying , Gao Xin , Zhou Yongdong
Published: January 2020

Mahogany wood (Swietenia macrophylla King) was thermally modified by heating at various temperatures. The wood-water-related parameters of the heat-treated wood, including fiber saturation point, equilibrium moisture content, moisture excluding efficiency, hygroscopic hysteresis, swelling, anti-swelling efficiency, water adsorption, and surface wettability were determined to clarify the mechanism of heat treatment to reduce wood hygroscopicity. The wood treated at a higher temperature demonstrated a more significant decrease in hygroscopicity. The reduction in hygroscopicity of the heat-treated wood was partially diminished as the moisture excluding efficiency decreased in the absorption and desorption processes caused by the changes in environmental temperature and relative humidity. The fiber saturation point (determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), surface free energy, and the surface wettability of wood were reduced by heat treatment, resulting in the decreased hygroscopicity of the heat-treated wood. Mahogany wood became more insensitive to the influence of moisture due to the heat treatment, and this effect was more distinct for wood treated at a high temperature.
Asymmetric inheritance of mitochondria in yeast
Authors: Klecker Till , Westermann Benedikt
Published: January 2020

Mitochondria are essential organelles of virtually all eukaryotic organisms. As they cannot be made de novo, they have to be inherited during cell division. In this review, we provide an overview on mitochondrial inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a powerful model organism to study asymmetric cell division. Several processes have to be coordinated during mitochondrial inheritance: mitochondrial transport along the actin cytoskeleton into the emerging bud is powered by a myosin motor protein; cell cortex anchors retain a critical fraction of mitochondria in the mother cell and bud to ensure proper partitioning; and the quantity of mitochondria inherited by the bud is controlled during cell cycle progression. Asymmetric division of yeast cells produces rejuvenated daughter cells and aging mother cells that die after a finite number of cell divisions. We highlight the critical role of mitochondria in this process and discuss how asymmetric mitochondrial partitioning and cellular aging are connected.
Antidiabetic and protective effects of Scrophularia striata ethanolic extract on diabetic nephropathy via suppression of RAGE and S100A8 expression in kidney tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Alaee Mona , Akbari Ahmad , Karami Hadi , Salemi Zahra , Amri Jamal , Panahi Mitra
Published: January 2020

Background

The present study was conducted to examine the antidiabetic effects of Scrophularia striata ethanolic extract and to evaluate its effects on oxidative stress markers and RAGE and S100A8 gene expressions in the kidney of type 1 diabetic rats.

Methods

A total of 36 rats (weight 200–250 g) were randomly assigned into six groups as follows: Cnt, Cnt + S. striata 100, and Cnt + S. striata 200 that received normal saline, 100 mg/kg bw, and 200 mg/kg bw of ethanol extract of S. striata, respectively; and group Dibt, Dibt + S. striata 100, and Dibt + S. striata 200 that received normal saline, 100 mg/kg bw, and 200 mg/kg bw of ethanol extract of S. striata, respectively. Type 1 diabetes was induced in rats by a single injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg bw). After 60 days of treatment, biochemical factors and oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and malondialdehyde [MDA]) were measured using spectrophotometric methods. RAGE and S100A8 gene expressions were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Diabetes significantly impairs serum and urine fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, creatinine, urea, and albumin parameters. After the treatment with S. striata extract, these parameters are close to the normal range. It was shown that the S. striata extract significantly decreased the kidney expression levels of RAGE and S100A8 genes and improved oxidative stress markers (SOD and MDA) in the kidney tissues when compared with the diabetic control group. It was also found that the beneficial effects of the S. striata were dose dependent.

Conclusions

The ethanolic extract of S. striata has beneficial antidiabetic effects. Moreover, by reducing RAGE and S100A8 gene expressions and by improving oxidative stress, S. striata might be used as adjuvant treatment for diabetic complications.
Correlation of chemotherapy costs with quality of life in nasopharyngeal cancer patients
Authors: Romdhoni Achmad Chusnu , Aulia Riskha , Utaminingtyas Ririn Prasetyo , Suharjono  , Alderman Christopher Paul
Published: January 2020

Background

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is the most common neck/head cancer occurring in Indonesia and is the fourth most malignant after breast cancer, cervical cancer, and lung cancer. It is known that the cost of chemotherapy may not be separated from quality of life (QoL) to reflect the success of therapy, especially in cancer patients. Thus, studies on the correlation between chemotherapy cost and the QoL in NPC patients are needed.

Methods

The participants were recruited by a consecutive sampling method. All patients diagnosed with NPC using a paclitaxel-cisplatin chemotherapy regimen in August–March 2019 for first until the third chemotherapy cycle were assessed for their the chemotherapy cost and QoL before the first chemotherapy cycle and after the third cycle using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Chemotherapy cost and QoL were analyzed using SPSS version 20 to find out the correlation.

Results

Data from 26 patients showed a notable increase in the QoL after the third chemotherapy cycle. Thus, there was a relationship between chemotherapy cost and QoL in NPC patients. The total cost of chemotherapy increased with the increase in cycles of chemotherapy. We further analyzed the correlation between QoL and the cost of chemotherapy. We found that there was a correlation between the cost and the aspects of global health status, the QoL.

Conclusions

It is concluded that chemotherapy that is followed by the increase in cost in chemotherapy improves the QoL.
The multiscale enhancement of mechanical properties of 3D MWK composites via poly(oxypropylene) diamines and GO nanoparticles
Authors: Zuo Hong-mei , Li Dian-sen , Hui David , Jiang Lei
Published: January 2020

Interfacial bonding between the fibers and matrix plays a large role in mechanical properties of composites. In this paper, poly(oxypropylene) diamines (D400) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were grafted on the desized 3D multi axial warp knitted (MWK) glass fiber (GF) fabrics. The surface morphology and functional groups of modified glass fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR). Out-of-plane compression properties and the failure mechanisms of composites at different temperature were tested and analyzed. The results revealed that GO nanoparticles were successfully grafted on fibers under the synergistic effect of D400. In addition, D400-GO-grafted composite possessed the highest mechanical properties than desized composite and GO-grafted composite. Their strength and modulus were improved by 10.16%, 10.06%, 8.92%, 8.75%, 7.76% and 40.38%, 32.74%, 29.85%, 26.98%, 25.16% compared to those of desized composites at 30∘C, 60∘C, 90∘C, 120∘C, 150∘C, respectively. The damage to D400-GO-grafted composite was yarns fracture accompanied with fibers breakage, matrix cracking, interface debonding. At higher temperature, interlayer slipping with matrix plasticization was the main failure mode.
A novel 4 camera multi-stereo tracking system for application in surgical navigation systems
Authors: Gieseler Oliver , Roth Hubert , Wahrburg Jürgen
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we present a novel 4 camera stereo system for application as optical tracking component in navigation systems in computer-assisted surgery. This shall replace a common stereo camera system in several applications. The objective is to provide a tracking component consisting of four single industrial cameras. The system can be built up flexibly in the operating room e. g. at the operating room lamp. The concept is characterized by independent, arbitrary camera mounting poses and demands easy on-site calibration procedures of the camera setup. Following a short introduction describing the environment, motivation and advantages of the new camera system, a simulation of the camera setup and arrangement is depicted in Section 2. From this, we gather important information and parameters for the hardware setup, which is described in Section 3. Section 4 includes the calibration of the cameras. Here, we illustrate the background of camera model and applied calibration procedures, a comparison of calibration results obtained with different calibration programs and a new concept for fast and easy extrinsic calibration.
Complementary Control over Habits and Behavioral Vigor by Phasic Activity in the Dorsolateral Striatum
Authors: Crego Adam C. G. , Štoček Fabián , Marchuk Alec G. , Carmichael James E. , van der Meer Matthijs A. A. , Smith Kyle S.
Published: January 2020

Despite clear evidence linking the basal ganglia to the control of outcome insensitivity (i.e., habit) and behavioral vigor (i.e., its behavioral speed/fluidity), it remains unclear whether or how these functions relate to one another. Here, using male Long–Evans rats in response-based and cue-based maze-running tasks, we demonstrate that phasic dorsolateral striatum (DLS) activity occurring at the onset of a learned behavior regulates how vigorous and habitual it is. In a response-based task, brief optogenetic excitation at the onset of runs decreased run duration and the occurrence of deliberative behaviors, whereas midrun stimulation carried little effect. Outcome devaluation showed these runs to be habitual. DLS inhibition at run start did not produce robust effects on behavior until after outcome devaluation. At that time, when the DLS was plausibly most critically required for performance (i.e., habitual), inhibition reduced performance vigor measures and caused a dramatic loss of habitual responding (i.e., animals quit the task). In a second cue-based “beacon” task requiring behavior initiation at the start of the run and again in the middle of the run, DLS excitation at both time points could improve the vigor of runs. Postdevaluation testing showed behavior on the beacon task to be habitual as well. This pattern of results suggests that one role for phasic DLS activity at behavior initiation is to promote the execution of the behavior in a vigorous and habitual fashion by a diverse set of measures.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur research expands the literature twofold. First, we find that features of a habitual behavior that are typically studied separately (i.e., maze response performance, deliberation movements, running vigor, and outcome insensitivity) are quite closely linked together. Second, efforts have been made to understand “what” the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) does for habitual behavior, and our research provides a key set of results showing “when” it is important (i.e., at behavior initiation). By showing such dramatic control over habits by DLS activity in a phasic time window, plausible real-world applications could involve more informed DLS perturbations to curb intractably problematic habits.
The Origin of Physiological Local mGluR1 Supralinear Ca2+Signals in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons
Authors: Ait Ouares Karima , Canepari Marco
Published: January 2020

In mouse cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs), the climbing fiber (CF) input provides a signal to parallel fiber (PF) synapses, triggering PF synaptic plasticity. This signal is given by supralinear Ca2+transients, associated with the CF synaptic potential and colocalized with the PF Ca2+influx, occurring only when PF activity precedes the CF input. Here, we unravel the biophysical determinants of supralinear Ca2+signals associated with paired PF-CF synaptic activity. We used membrane potential (Vm) and Ca2+imaging to investigate the local CF-associated Ca2+influx following a train of PF synaptic potentials in two cases: (1) when the dendriticVmis hyperpolarized below the restingVm, and (2) when the dendriticVmis at rest. We found that supralinear Ca2+signals are mediated by type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1s) when the CF input is delayed by 100–150 ms from the first PF input in both cases. When the dendrite is hyperpolarized only, however, mGluR1s boost neighboring T-type channels, providing a mechanism for local coincident detection of PF-CF activity. The resulting Ca2+elevation is locally amplified by saturation of endogenous Ca2+buffers produced by the PF-associated Ca2+influx via the mGluR1-mediated nonselective cation conductance. In contrast, when the dendriticVmis at rest, mGluR1s increase dendritic excitability by inactivating A-type K+channels, but this phenomenon is not restricted to the activated PF synapses. Thus,Vmis likely a crucial parameter in determining PF synaptic plasticity, and the occurrence of hyperpolarization episodes is expected to play an important role in motor learning.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn Purkinje neurons, parallel fiber synaptic plasticity, determined by coincident activation of the climbing fiber input, underlies cerebellar learning. We unravel the biophysical mechanisms allowing the CF input to produce a local Ca2+signal exclusively at the sites of activated parallel fibers. We show that when the membrane potential is hyperpolarized with respect to the resting membrane potential, type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptors locally enhance Ca2+influx mediated by T-type Ca2+channels, and that this signal is amplified by saturation of endogenous buffer also mediated by the same receptors. The combination of these two mechanisms is therefore capable of producing a Ca2+signal at the activated parallel fiber sites, suggesting a role of Purkinje neuron membrane potential in cerebellar learning.
Recalling Experiences: Looking at Momentary, Retrospective and Global Assessments of Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Zygar-Hoffmann Caroline , Schönbrodt Felix D.
Published: January 2020

Relationship satisfaction can be assessed in retrospection, as a global evaluation, or as a momentary state. In two experience sampling studies (N = 130, N = 510) the specificities of these assessment modalities are examined. We show that 1) compared to other summary statistics like the median, the mean of relationship satisfaction states describes retrospective and global evaluations best (but the difference to some other summary statistics was negligible); 2) retrospection introduces an overestimation of the average annoyance in the relationship reported on a momentary basis, which results in an overall negative mean-level bias for retrospective relationship satisfaction; 3) this bias is most strongly moderated by global relationship satisfaction at the time of retrospection; 4) snapshots of momentary relationship satisfaction get representative of global evaluations after approximately two weeks of sampling. The findings extend the recall bias reported in the literature for retrospection of negative affect to the domain of relationship evaluations and assist researchers in designing efficient experience sampling studies.
Investment Interest and Consumptive Behaviour of Student Investors: Between Rationality and Irrationality
Authors: Umboh Jandi Elriko , Atahau Apriani Dorkas Rambu
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the tendency to invest and consume among student in North Sulawesi. Phenomenon in North Sulawesi province showed an increase in the number of stock investors dominated by young investors (university students). In making investment decision, they often act in irrational way (herding behavior). In contrast, other phenomena demonstrated a consumptive behavior of those young investors which contradict with investment interests. Populations of this research are 3468 student investors at Indonesia stock Exchange Investment Gallery in the North Sulawesi province. Using accidental sampling, the sample selected is 250 student investors. The analytical technique used is Covariance Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM). The results showed that investment interest mediate the effect of herding behavior on consumptive behavior. It implies the need to educate student investors on the importance of minimizing the consumptive behavior