bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Masculinities and Institutional Blind Spots
Authors: Westendorf Jasmine-Kim
Published: January 2025

Masculinities are often implicitly positioned at the heart of ‘causes’ of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) by peacekeepers and humanitarian workers. Moreover, policy responses tend to treat masculinities as inevitable and inherent personnel traits that must be accommodated to prevent those embodying them – men – from perpetrating SEA, rather than addressing how they are produced in patriarchal systems of power and how they intersect with other power systems, including race and capital. This chapter explores how institutions and policy makers have made sense of the causes of SEA, drawing on interviews globally. I show how the ‘masculinity’ analysis is shaped by institutional imperatives in ways that produce a clear narrative and a straightforward policy path but fail to adequately capture the complex dynamics that create conditions in which some personnel choose to perpetrate SEA against local people. Consequently, policy efforts have too often focused on individualized compliance, rather than addressing the structural, normative and contextual factors that together give rise to SEA. I argue that addressing these through proactively grappling with the multiple sets of power relations that define relationships between peacekeepers and the peacekept would more effectively prevent local individuals and communities from becoming vulnerable to SEA in the first place.
Relational Democracy of Confucianism
Authors: Shih Chih-yu
Published: January 2025

Chapter 6 attempts to create a theory of relations and balances (R&B) to clarify the systemic stability of democracy. It draws on Confucianism and compares Confucian self-restraint with liberal self-restraint. The empirical evidence suggests that, on the one hand, a Confucian constituency dislikes challenges being issued to the authorities for the sake of systemic stability yet, on the other, disapproves of unlimited authoritarian control on the pretext of maintaining a harmonious system. The evidence additionally suggests that, if the systemic identity is weak, the constituency of R&B shows greater support for inclusive, rather than enforcive, autocracy to restore governability. The R&B support for systemic inclusiveness may be mistaken for liberalism. Coupled with the idea of civic nationalism, the contemporary constitutionalism of checks and balances neglects systemic stability and fails to explain the spread of illiberal democracy due to the loss of systemic belonging. The R&B explanation of how a democracy can maintain or lose stability belongs to a systemic level.
Calibrating Colonial Crime
Authors: Castellino Joshua
Published: January 2025

The thirst for system change is growing in the face of the climate crisis. Yet the prospect for translating rhetoric into action will remain remote if power brokers that benefit from the international financial architecture remain unchanged. Incontrovertible evidence shows that the climate crisis emanates from extractivist anthropocentric systems erected under colonial rule that have become entrenched. These were built by European powers based on their perceived racial superiority over others, ostensibly promoting Commerce, Christianity and ‘Civilization’. The colonial project was presented to their public and to rival colonizers as part of Europeans’ inalienable right to free trade, adventurism and proselytization. Decolonization ended direct European rule on other continents without accountability. The systems endured – promoted by colonists and accepted by incoming States faced with the desperate need to rebuild. These systems drive the climate and other modern crises. This book identifies a typology of colonial crimes that lie at the heart of contemporary injustice through examples from across the globe. The categorization intends to stimulate discussions around tailored remedies to combat the continued impact of these crimes in undermining peace, security, development and sustainability. The work addresses extractivist economic activities that sustain the climate crisis, emphasizing their link with colonization, but articulates solutions for system change. These include explicit codification of the crime of ‘unjust enrichment’ to unlock climate financing, in conjunction with a governance approach based on 16 sub-regions to defeat colonial-era enhanced fragmentary politics that detract from addressing the urgency of the current challenge.
A Catastrophic Disequilibrium: Neoliberal Capitalism in Crisis
Authors: Gallas Alexander
Published: January 2025

Observers discussing the present-day, multifaceted crisis of global capitalism are sometimes invoking the gory imagery of horror films. After the global banking crisis had struck in 2007 and 2008, Chris Harman (2009) and Jamie Peck (2010) spoke of ‘zombie capitalism’ and ‘zombie neoliberalism’, respectively. Around a decade later, Raul Zelik reclaimed this trope (2020a). Witnessing the acceleration of climate change and lack of decisive interventions to slow it down as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, he referred to the people suffering under the yoke of global social order the ‘undead of capital’. This is reminiscent of some of the metaphors employed by Marx in the first volume of Capital (1976), who stated that ‘[c]apital is dead labour which, vampire-like, lives only by sucking living labour, and lives the more, the more labour it sucks’ (Marx, 1976: 342; see Carver, 1998: 14–20). The purpose of using these metaphors is obvious. They highlight the fact that we are in a nightmarish situation. Global capitalism lives off the toil of workers around the world, depriving them of their vitality and their ability to actively take control of their lives. But despite the fact that more people than ever are sucked into the system of wage labour and have to submit to the imperatives of capital, it is still teetering on the brink of collapse. Turning people into zombies, it keeps on surviving – but is becoming weaker and weaker in the process.
Deindustrialization and Dwindling Union Density: Labour in Western Europe
Authors: Gallas Alexander
Published: January 2025

As I argued in Chapter 1, it makes sense, in the context of an incorporated comparison focusing on deindustrialization, to zoom in on Western Europe and examine different national cases that reflect different aspects of the variegation of global capitalism. After all, Western Europe was the first macroregion in the world to industrialize, and it has been witnessing sustained processes of deindustrialization in recent decades, which is at odds with the global trend (see Figure 5.1). Against this backdrop, I have three chosen country cases that represent political and economic hubs in Western Europe, and that each reflect the characteristic varieties of capitalism in the region: Britain as a ‘liberal market economy’, Germany as a ‘coordinated market economy’ and Spain as a ‘Mediterranean mixed type’. In line with the general development of industrial employment in the region, all three countries have been experiencing sustained processes of deindustrialization. In 2019, industrial workers constituted 18.1, 27.2 and 20.4 per cent of the overall workforce in Britain, Germany and Spain, respectively, and 22.7 per cent across the macroregion. This is a decline of 11.8, 10.2 and 11.4 percentage points if compared to the figures for 1992 – all roughly in line with each other and above the Western European average of 8.7 percentage points. Clearly, industrial workers are a minority in the overall workforce, and their sector does not heavily dominate the economy in any of the three countries or in Western Europe as a whole.
Union Competition and Militancy: The Railway Strikes in Germany
Authors: Gallas Alexander
Published: January 2025

Considering my findings so far, it is only plausible to assume that there is a broader trend towards or against class formation if it also possible to show, with the help of more fine-grained case studies at the national levels, that strikes have expansive effects. If this does not turn out to be the case, one can indeed argue that the Castellsian claim holds. I start my case studies with Germany, which is still a country with a comparably strong industrial base: More than a quarter of the workforce is employed in the sector. It is not just that industrial employment is significantly higher than in Britain and Spain, but exceeds the European and the global averages, which were 22.1 and 21.7 per cent, respectively, in 2020 (see Figure 5.1). If one presumes that there is a strong link between the prevalence of industrial work and strike activity, Germany should be at the forefront of labour struggles. But this is not borne out by the numbers. Indeed, the country has the lowest figures of the three countries, Britain is in the middle, and Spain comes out on top (see Figure 5.3 and Table 5.3). And in recent years, strike activity has been more pronounced in the service and public sectors than in industry in Germany, at least in terms of the absolute numbers of strikes (Frindert et al, 2022: 4). It is more plausible to assume that the figures for strike incidence reflect the dominant regimes of labour relations in the three countries, which correspond to the three varieties of capitalism (see Behrens et al, 2004: 19). After all, coordinated market economies are known for corporatist labour relations, which are designed to prevent confrontations through consultation and negotiation.
Adsorption and the Struggle against Austerity: The Junior Doctors’ Dispute in Britain
Authors: Gallas Alexander
Published: January 2025

As I argued in the preceding chapter, it makes sense, in the context of an incorporated comparison concerned with processes of deindustrialization, to zoom in on Western Europe and examine different national cases that reflect the variegation of global capitalism. Britain bears hallmarks of a liberal market economy. Accordingly, the institutions characterizing the British political economy reflect the assumption that the market mechanism allocates resources efficiently: the regulation of the financial sector is comparably ‘light’ (see Gallas, 2010; Tooze, 2018); for-profit, private sector companies and public–private partnerships play an important role in delivering public services (Flinders, 2005; Gallas, 2016: 241–2); and economic inequality is higher than in the other Western European countries. Indeed, economic liberalism has deep roots in the country. Paired with colonialism and imperialism, it was a prominent feature of government policy in the age of the British empire in the 19th century. Back then, leading politicians had been promoting the erection of a ‘world market’ based on ‘free trade’ (Arrighi, 1994: 47–58; Gallas, 2008: 283; 2016: 76, 134–5). After the Second World War, economic and social policy shifted. Under the postwar settlement between capital and labour, full employment and benefits were traded for union acquiescence. A welfare state was erected, and successive governments started to experiment with Keynesianism and corporatism. But in reaction to a deep crisis of the British political economy and a wave of rank-and-file militancy on the side of organized labour, leading politicians re-embraced, from the mid-1970s onwards, ‘free market’ ideas.
Modelos de subjetivación en la política contemporánea
Authors: Picuș Leonard
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo, plantearé el tema de los paradigmas moderno y postmoderno de la razón y sujeto, y su surgimiento en el siglo XX, en el marco de la política contemporánea. Hay filósofos, como Descartes y Kant, que llevan a la filosofía el modelo científico de racionalidad con el meta de adaptarlo a los problemas metafísicos. Hay, sin embargo, filósofos, como Hegel, que buscan a conservar la naturaleza de la racionalidad filosófica, que la conciben por la racionalidad dialéctica, y a renovar la dialéctica misma. El sujeto, que piensa desde esas perspectivas filosóficas, sería un sujeto trascendental (kantiano), respectivamente, un sujeto dialéctico (hegeliano), que se corresponden a los dos paradigmas modernos de la razón: la razón geométrica y la razón dialéctica. Con Nietzsche y Heidegger, entra en la escena filosófica la razón hermenéutica y su sentido será de anti-paradigma de la razón moderna, que buscará a destacar un nuevo sujeto humano para los nuevos retos de la vida del siglo XX. Vattimo nos propone el paradigma de la razón hermenéutica del “sujeto débil”, al llevar a sus últimas consecuencias el “sujeto olvidado” de Nietzsche-Heidegger. A lo largo de la historia cultural de Europa, el sujeto humano se ha proyectado de diferentes maneras, por el tiempo y por el espacio, así que tendríamos paradigmas temporales del sujeto y paradigmas espaciales del sujeto. Actualmente, en el “espacio político” el sujeto humano actúa por su modelo de subjetivación y reconocimiento de la realidad política.
Hegemonia i governança en el capitalisme financeritzat
Authors: Garrido Fábio José Alves
Published: January 2025

O artigo caracteriza a atual etapa do capitalismo a partir da centralidade dos mecanismos especulativos baseados no capital fictício e seus desdobramentos na totalidade da reprodução da vida. Identifica uma relação simbiótica entre reprodução do capital e administração pública como forma de recomposição do poder burguês nos últimos 40 anos. Para isso apresenta uma leitura da atual forma de relação entre Estado e Sociedade Civil e a conformação de novos blocos de poder hegemônicos. Nesta relação demonstra a existência de mecanismos de descentralização do estado stricto sensu através da composição de parcerias público-privadas com empresas e Organizações Não-Governamentais da sociedade civil. Neste contexto questiona: quais os limites e potencialidades de fortalecimento da democracia? Inspirado na dialética negativa de Adorno, o artigo sugere a hipótese de emergência de uma nova forma de governança social oposta à governança hegemônica capitalista. Levando em consideração a resistência dos povos da América do Sul em seus territórios que constroem mecanismos próprios de poder e soberania para autodeterminarem seus destinos, reflete sobre a possibilidade de uma governança popular, como nomeada pelo filósofo Slavoj Zizek.
Nonuniformity correction for internal radiation in uncooled infrared imaging based on gradient-weighted guided image filtering
Authors: Luo Lin , Jin Weiqi , Xue Jia’an , Yang Jianguo , Qiu Su , Li Li
Published: January 2025

Due to the absence of a cold screen, the performance of uncooled infrared focal plane array imaging is significantly affected by internal radiation caused by optical systems or cavities during long-term operation. Previous nonuniformity correction methods have struggled to effectively eliminate fixed-pattern noise resulting from internal radiation. The paper explores an internal radiation correction method termed GWGF-IR, which utilizes a gradient-weighted guided image filter to correct spatially continuous fixed-pattern noise (FPN) in uncooled infrared focal plane array imaging systems. This method incorporates gradient weight factors to constrain the weights of different pixels, forming the weighted quadratic cost function, resulting in a gradient-preserving smoothing filter kernel designed for effectively extracting internal radiation noise gradients in infrared imaging. Furthermore, the paper proposes a self-adaptive estimation method for determining gradient weight factors and regularization parameters. The GWGF-IR algorithm demonstrates adaptive nonuniformity correction of internal radiation across varying intensities and scene images, outperforming current typical methods in subjective visual effects and objective evaluation indicators. The processing time on a 324 × 256 image can reach 24.8 ms, which is 45.7% of the time required by the suboptimal algorithm; The PSNR index can outperform the suboptimal algorithm by 41%, and the MMSIM index can outperform the suboptimal algorithm by 0.23%.
Self-suppression of leading-fiber-induced noise for remote fiber-optic interferometric sensor using a dual-wavelength optical signal
Authors: Hu Jun , Wang Wenrui , Zhou Biying , Bai Xueqian , Wang Ruoqi , Sun Xinlin , Ye Lingyun , Song Kaichen
Published: January 2025

Environmental disturbances in the leading fiber are a significant source of noise in remote fiber optic interferometric sensors (FOIS). As the two interrogation lightwaves propagate through the leading fiber, environmental disturbances can induce undesired demodulated phase noises, collectively referred to as leading-fiber-induced noise. This study proposes what we believe to be a novel method for leading-fiber-induced noises self-suppression, utilizing dual-wavelength optical signals as mutual reference signals, thereby eliminating the need for a reference interferometer. Furthermore, the FOIS doubles the amplitude of the measurement signal, providing a better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to the traditional reference interferometer method. Experimental results demonstrate that the FOIS achieves an average measurement signal enhancement of 5.93 dB and an average leading-fiber-induced noise suppression of 41.53 dB within the frequency range of 200 Hz to 1800 Hz. leading-fiber-induced noises are significantly suppressed over a 20 km bi-directional transmission, and the system’s SNR is comparable to that of a conventional FOIS using identical performance devices. The remote FOIS shows huge advantages for hydrophone shore-based array and towed array applications.
Theoretical design of manipulating the number of photonic spin Hall effect channels with Tamm plasmon polariton and its sensing capabilities
Authors: Li Xiang , Ye Hai-ning , Wan Bao-fei , Tang Xing-Zhou , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the induction effect of Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) mode on photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) is discovered. As the incident angle increases, the TPP mode exhibits a polarization separation effect, which is conducive to the emergence of PSHE. PSHE is excited near the absorption frequencies of both the TM and TE waves, with H displacement dominating the TM wave and V displacement dominating the TE wave. The number of TPP channels is usually half that of PSHE, which enables quantitative control over the number of PSHE. In addition, the obtained PSHE has more potential as a sensor. On the one hand, compared with the TPP absorption peak, the PSHE peak is narrower, making a ten-fold increase in resolution. Different channels of PSHE can be used to detect different refractive index (RI) ranges, thus expanding the linear range. Moreover, analyzing PSHE displacement helps capture subtle RI changes, which is beneficial to the detection of gases, while the TPP peak fails to possess this ability.
Efficient parameter estimation of the lognormal–Rician turbulence model based on the k-nearest neighbor and data generation method
Authors: Miao Maoke , Zhang Xinyu , Liu Bo , Yin Rui , Yuan Jiantao , Gao Feng , Chen Xiao-yu
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, and efficient parameter estimator based on the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and data generation method for the lognormal–Rician turbulence channel, which is of vital importance to the free-space optical/quantum communications. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) goodness-of-fit statistical tools are employed to investigate the validity of the kNN approximation under different channel conditions, and it is shown that the choice of k plays a significant role in the approximation accuracy. We present several numerical results to illustrate that solving the constructed objective function can provide a reasonable estimate of the actual values. The mean square error simulation results show that increasing the number of generated samples by two orders of magnitude does not lead to a significant improvement in estimation performance when solving the optimization problem by the gradient descent algorithm. However, the estimation performance under the genetic algorithm (GA) approximates to that of the saddlepoint approximation and expectation–maximization (EM) estimators. Therefore, combined with the GA, we demonstrate that the proposed estimator achieves the best trade-off between the computation complexity and the accuracy.
Chloramphenicol and gentamicin reduce the evolution of resistance to phage ΦX174 by suppressing a subset of E. coli LPS mutants
Authors: Parab Lavisha , Romeyer Dherbey Jordan , Rivera Norma , Schwarz Michael , Gallie Jenna , Bertels Frederic
Published: January 2025

Bacteriophages infect gram-negative bacteria by attaching to molecules present on the bacterial surface, often lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Modification of LPS can lead to resistance to phage infection. In addition, LPS modifications can impact antibiotic susceptibility, allowing for phage–antibiotic synergism. The evolutionary mechanism(s) behind such synergistic interactions remain largely unclear. Here, we show that the presence of antibiotics can affect the evolution of resistance to phage infection, using phage ΦX174 and Escherichia coli C. We use a collection of 34 E. coli C LPS strains, each of which is resistant to ΦX174, and has either a “rough” or “deep rough” LPS phenotype. Growth of the bacterial strains with the deep rough phenotype is inhibited at low concentrations of chloramphenicol and, to a much lesser degree, gentamicin. Treating E. coli C wild type with ΦX174 and chloramphenicol eliminates the emergence of mutants with the deep rough phenotype, and thereby slows the evolution of resistance to phage infection. At slightly lower chloramphenicol concentrations, phage resistance rates are similar to those observed at high concentrations; yet, we show that the diversity of possible mutants is much larger than at higher chloramphenicol concentrations. These data suggest that specific antibiotic concentrations can lead to synergistic phage–antibiotic interactions that disappear at higher antibiotic concentrations. Overall, we show that the change in survival of various ΦX174-resistant E. coli C mutants in the presence of antibiotics can explain the observed phage–antibiotic synergism.
Was Aristotle right about moral decision-making? Building a new empirical model of practical wisdom
Authors: McLoughlin Shane , Thoma Stephen , Kristjánsson Kristján
Published: January 2025

This article presents the development and validation of the Short Phronesis Measure (SPM), a novel tool to assess Aristotelian phronesis (practical wisdom). Across three studies, using large, nationally representative samples from the UK and US (demographically matched to census data), we employed a systematic and rigorous methodology to examine the structure, reliability, and validity of the SPM. In Study 1a, exploratory factor analysis identified ten distinct, internally reliable components of phronesis, challenging the traditional four-component Aristotelian model. Study 1b confirmed these findings in two additional nationally representative samples from the UK and the US. In Study 1c, the SPM demonstrated strong test-retest reliability over two months. Study 2 used network analysis to uncover interrelations among the components, allowing for the creation of a new and empirically driven neo-Aristotelian model of phronesis. In Study 3, we tested criterion validity, showing phronesis correlates positively with flourishing and predicts flourishing two months later, demonstrating strong predictive validity. Phronesis also correlated with Big 6 and Dark Tetrad personality traits, moral disengagement, and Moral Foundations in expected directions. Importantly, phronesis predicted key outcomes—related to flourishing, moral disengagement, and morally relevant aspects of personality—beyond what Moral Foundations alone explained, with an average increase in predictive power of 13.7% across all outcomes. The SPM is quick to administer (15–20 minutes), making it a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners in psychology, education, and professional ethics. The introduction of the neo-Aristotelian Phronesis Model, and the identification of central phronesis components, offers actionable insights for moral psychologists and moral educators, suggesting areas of focus that could yield broad, positive effects across related traits, providing a significant contribution to both theory and practice.
Spatiotemporal profile of an optimal host response to virus infection in the primate central nervous system
Authors: Maximova Olga A. , Anzick Sarah L. , Sturdevant Daniel E. , Bennett Richard S. , Faucette Lawrence J. , St. Claire Marisa , Whitehead Stephen S. , Kanakabandi Kishore , Sheng Zong-mei , Xiao Yongli , Kash John C. , Taubenberger Jeffery K. , Martens Craig , Cohen Jeffrey I.
Published: January 2025

Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are a major cause of morbidity largely due to lack of prevention and inadequate treatments. While mortality from viral CNS infections is significant, nearly two thirds of the patients survive. Thus, it is important to understand how the human CNS can successfully control virus infection and recover. Since it is not possible to study the human CNS throughout the course of viral infection at the cellular level, here we analyzed a non-lethal viral infection in the CNS of nonhuman primates (NHPs). We inoculated NHPs intracerebrally with a high dose of La Crosse virus (LACV), a bunyavirus that can infect neurons and cause encephalitis primarily in children, but with a very low (≤ 1%) mortality rate. To profile the CNS response to LACV infection, we used an integrative approach that was based on comprehensive analyses of (i) spatiotemporal dynamics of virus replication, (ii) identification of types of infected neurons, (iii) spatiotemporal transcriptomics, and (iv) morphological and functional changes in CNS intrinsic and extrinsic cells. We identified the location, timing, and functional repertoire of optimal transcriptional and translational regulation of the primate CNS in response to virus infection of neurons. These CNS responses involved a well-coordinated spatiotemporal interplay between astrocytes, lymphocytes, microglia, and CNS-border macrophages. Our findings suggest a multifaceted program governing an optimal CNS response to virus infection with specific events coordinated in space and time. This allowed the CNS to successfully control the infection by rapidly clearing the virus from infected neurons, mitigate damage to neurophysiology, activate and terminate immune responses in a timely manner, resolve inflammation, restore homeostasis, and initiate tissue repair. An increased understanding of these processes may provide new therapeutic opportunities to improve outcomes of viral CNS diseases in humans.
Cofactors facilitate bona fide prion misfolding in vitro but are not necessary for the infectivity of recombinant murine prions
Authors: Pérez-Castro Miguel Ángel , Eraña Hasier , Vidal Enric , Charco Jorge M. , Lorenzo Nuria L. , Gonçalves-Anjo Nuno , Galarza-Ahumada Josu , Díaz-Domínguez Carlos M. , Piñeiro Patricia , González-Miranda Ezequiel , Giler Samanta , Telling Glenn , Sánchez-Martín Manuel A. , Garrido Joseba , Geijo Mariví , Requena Jesús R. , Castilla Joaquín
Published: January 2025

Prion diseases, particularly sporadic cases, pose a challenge due to their complex nature and heterogeneity. The underlying mechanism of the spontaneous conversion from PrPC to PrPSc, the hallmark of prion diseases, remains elusive. To shed light on this process and the involvement of cofactors, we have developed an in vitro system that faithfully mimics spontaneous prion misfolding using minimal components. By employing this PMSA methodology and introducing an isoleucine residue at position 108 in mouse PrP, we successfully generated recombinant murine prion strains with distinct biochemical and biological properties. Our study aimed to explore the influence of a polyanionic cofactor in modulating strain selection and infectivity in de novo-generated synthetic prions. These results not only validate PMSA as a robust method for generating diverse bona fide recombinant prions but also emphasize the significance of cofactors in shaping specific prion conformers capable of crossing species barriers. Interestingly, once these conformers are established, our findings suggest that cofactors are not necessary for their infectivity. This research provides valuable insights into the propagation and maintenance of the pathobiological features of cross-species transmissible recombinant murine prion and highlights the intricate interplay between cofactors and prion strain characteristics.
Conflicto y huelga: ¿realidades del pasado?
Authors: MORALES ORTEGA JOSE MANUEL
Published: January 2025

Sin restar un ápice de importancia a todos esos factores, que están afectando a las relaciones de trabajo –muy especialmente, la digitalización-, hay que preguntarse, atendiendo a los datos, si se trata del primero y principal problema, que aqueja al Derecho del Trabajo del siglo XXI. La respuesta mayoritaria parece ser, al menos si se atiende cuantitativamente al número de estudios, afirmativa. Siendo así, no es de extrañar el desinterés y la desatención por otra realidad, hoy por hoy, consolidada, después de muchos esfuerzos intencionados, consistente en la disgregación del movimiento obrero o, si se quiere, en dividir el sentimiento de clase tan necesario –imprescindible- para el avance hacia unas relaciones dignas y decentes; y que además obliga a (re)plantear conceptos claves tales como el conflicto y su manifestación, a los que se dedica este trabajo a la luz de la realidad actual. Por ello, el objetivo es dimensionar unos y otros factores a fin de que unos no ensombrezcan o eclipsen a los otros pues, de hacerse, se estará colaborando en la neutralización del pilar, que, sin duda, debe ser el más sólido, sobre el que se sustenta las relaciones de trabajo; y al que hay que dirigir todos los empeños sindicales y políticos, y, por supuesto, doctrinales: la revitalización del sentimiento de clase obrera.
Los permisos retribuidos tras el RDl 5/2023: cuestiones pendientes y nuevos desafíos interpretativos
Authors: Rueda Monroy José Antonio
Published: January 2025

En el presente artículo se examina el régimen jurídico de los permisos retribuidos que se deriva de la reforma implementada por el Real Decreto-ley 5/2023. Tras una aproximación a las notas características de esta institución clásica, se desciende a las novedades normativas, las cuales consisten principalmente en una ampliación subjetiva y material de estos derechos. Posteriormente, se exponen las incertidumbres interpretativas de la actual regulación, algunas preexistentes y otras nuevas, particularmente en torno a la justificación y acreditación de los permisos y de los vínculos subjetivos que los originan, así como en las ambigüedades del nuevo permiso por "fuerza mayor familiar". Se subraya la necesidad de que la negociación colectiva y un desarrollo reglamentario aclaren estas lagunas interpretativas, a fin de mitigar la previsible intensificación de la conflictividad laboral. El análisis se basa en la revisión de bibliografía especializada y jurisprudencia relevante sobre la materia, revelando ambas los desafíos prácticos en la aplicación de estos derechos.
Aportaciones al estudio del lenguaje falangista y su representación en la elaboración del ideal de Mujer Azul de la Nueva España (1933-1945)
Authors: Soler Gallo Miguel
Published: January 2025

Las palabras pueden ser utilizadas para originar una conciencia de grupo. Desde el punto de vista político, estas se emplean para manipular a una masa social a la que se quiere persuadir para atraerla a los principios ideológicos que se defienden y mantenerla distante de otras opciones consideradas opuestas y enemigas. En el caso de Falange Española, el empleo del lenguaje se convirtió en uno de los recursos más importantes para presentarse en el panorama político español del momento y perfilar los destinos de la militancia, la cual debía representar la tradición y la vanguardia que se preconizaba para una España en crisis. El estudio abarca desde la irrupción del movimiento falangista en 1933 hasta la caída de los fascismos internacionales en 1945, período en el que la influencia falangista decae en el franquismo.
We Are Already Ghosts: Reflections on Composition
Authors: Dobson Kit
Published: January 2025

we are already ghosts
Digital Trade for Post-COVID Recovery and Resilience in the Commonwealth
Authors: Banga Karishma , Raga Sherillyn
Published: January 2025

Digital trade is increasingly touted as a key pathway for mitigating economic losses from COVID-19. On the one hand, the pandemic has accelerated the scope of a digital-led recovery; on the other, the existing digital divide across countries has been exacerbated by a sudden and increased reliance on digital technologies. This paper aims to deepen the understanding of the contribution digital trade can make in supporting a post-COVID economic recovery in the Commonwealth, and to situate this within the context of the diversity of challenges involved in growing digital trade and expanding the digital economy in Commonwealth countries. Analyses are presented for (i) trade in information and communications technology (ICT) and digital goods; (ii) trade in ICT and ICT-enabled services; and (iii) e-commerce.
Earth Observation Technologies for Improved Access to Climate Finance: The Role of Data and Information
Authors: Gallagher Clara
Published: January 2025

Access to climate finance is a challenge for many developing countries, including for small island developing states. Projects remain in the pipeline as they fail to provide sufficient justification for the climate rationale to receive funding. Resources and capacity to provide the required evidence of that rationale is often constrained in developing countries, resulting in fewer bankable climate finance proposals being successful. This discussion paper proposes the use of satellite remote sensing (SRS) and earth observation (EO) data, information and applications as a means to manage and address this problem and enhance the development of robust climate finance proposals and enable better access to climate finance streams.
“Gonter Rock, Rattle And Roll”
Authors: Streight Irwin H.
Published: January 2025

This chapter discusses O’Connor’s character Rufus Florida Johnson in her story “The Lame Shall Enter First” as a kind of rock ‘n’ roll rebel figure, and thus a metonym for the pop music artists discussed in this book, with whom Rufus shares similar familial forces, transgressive tendencies, and, to some extent, dark religious sensibilities. Rufus’s hip-swivelling Elvis imitation in this story and his counter-culture outlook belie O’Connor’s professed ignorance of the popular culture of her day and thus has some bearing on this study of contemporary pop artists who acknowledge evidence of her influence. This chapter also details O’Connor’s efforts in the final months of her life to learn to appreciate music, both classical and pop, despite her protestations that she had a “Tin Ear.” Gifted with a record player, in the last weeks of her life she remarks in her correspondence that she is listening to music intently and beginning to enjoy it.
Young Guns
Authors: SUMMERVILLE RAYMOND
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines the intersection of folklore, guns, fetishism, and male juveniles to address the issue of gun violence among American youth. It discusses how guns have long been embedded in American folklore and culture, with their representation evolving from traditional oral tales to contemporary media such as film, television, and video games. It also highlights how modern portrayals of firearms often contribute to a fetishistic passion for guns, which overshadows their practical uses and fuels extensive marketing targeting young people. The chapter notes the troubling consequences of this fascination, particularly for young Black males who, driven by both fetishization and self-defense needs, are more likely to be involved in fatal gun violence. It outlines the role of folklore and fetishism in understanding America's complex relationship with firearms.
“What There Is to Say”
Authors: Marrs Suzanne
Published: January 2025

In this essay, Suzanne Marrs discusses her friendship with Eudora Welty, her scholarly work about Welty, and the intersections between the two. In the process she writes about Welty’s photographs and their relationship to fiction and about the biographical origins of selected Welty stories; she recounts personal conversations with Welty about life in and beyond Jackson, Mississippi; and she explores connections between Welty, Faulkner, and Wright. She closes by commenting on the biographical import of a single letter from a youthful Welty to Virginia Woolf and of the many letters exchanged by Welty and the mystery writer Ross Macdonald.
How Do We Go from Here
Authors: Dorsey William H. L.
Published: January 2025

This chapter recounts the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968, exploring the complex motivations behind his killing and the broader implications for American society. It suggests that Dr. King's efforts to mobilize the nation's poor, particularly through the Poor People's Campaign, posed a significant threat to the economic power of U.S. elites. It also discusses the tactics of COINTELPRO led by J. Edgar Hoover to suppress activism by labeling leaders like Dr. King as radicals. The chapter highlights the role of the media in shaping public perception, contributing to the criminalization of activism, and reinforcing the status quo by stoking fears of disorder. Dr. King's nonviolent resistance and his challenge to entrenched economic and racial inequalities made him a formidable threat to the established order, leading to his vilification and eventual assassination.
A CMDA Approach to Studying Graphicons
Authors: Dainas Ashley R.
Published: January 2025

Graphicons (Herring & Dainas, 2017) and their uses in interpersonal online discourse have attracted attention from varied disciplines, yet research on how graphicons function in digitally mediated discourse is in its infancy. Graphicons such as stickers, images, and GIFs, which have been understudied due to their larger size and greater complexity compared to emoticons and emoji, are especially understudied. This article applies the Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis (CMDA) framework (Herring, 2004) to a review of literature that deals specifically with these understudied graphicons. The review illustrates a continuity between text-based computer-mediated discourse (CMD) and graphical CMD, demonstrating that graphicons can be studied at all four levels of CMDA and that graphicons share discursive functions across CMDA levels. Additionally, it highlights the importance of utilizing a variety of methodological approaches in a multitude of contexts to fully assess how graphicons function discursively. The article concludes by discussing the challenges and limitations of the approach taken and potential directions for future research.
Sorption of diuron and sulfentrazone on different substrates
Authors: De Sousa Ferreira Ajax , Ferreira da Silva José , Benedito Mendes Brito Wildson , Ferreira Leite de Lima Alan
Published: January 2025

The efficiency in pre-emergence weed control is linked to the understanding of sorption, whose process makes the herbicide molecule unavailable for absorption by plants, and only returns to the soil solution after desorption processes. Understanding herbicide sorption is crucial, especially when separating the use of substrates as a fixation base for plants, which can absorb greater or lesser amount of applied herbicides. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the sorption of diuron and sulfentrazone herbicides on different substrates. Two experiments were carried out, the first was the control experiment, using washed sand substrate as control for the application of seven doses of the two proposed herbicides. In the second experiment, six doses of both herbicides were tested on six different substrates. The treatments were conducted in a greenhouse using polyethylene pots and cucumber with indicator plant. The characteristics evaluated were the determination of the I50 value of the test plant for each substrate as a function of the doses of each herbicide and the estimation of the amount of diuron and sulfentrazone sorbed in each substrate. Indian Black Earth showed the highest sorption capacity for diuron and sulfentrazone, followed by coconut fiber. The diuron doses for Indian Black Earth and Sand + Indian Black Earth were not effective in controlling the plant population. The substrates mixed with sand showed lower sorption capacity than the others, requiring greater care when using herbicides. The organic matter, pH and soil texture are factors that contributed to the sorption of herbicides.
Learner beliefs about vocabulary teaching in secondary ESL classrooms: a proficiency and grade-level analysis
Authors: Chung Edsoulla , Fung Daniel , Wan Aaron
Published: January 2025

Learner beliefs are widely acknowledged as key to the success of second language learning and teaching. Despite extensive research on English as a second language (ESL) learners’ beliefs, few studies have focused on vocabulary teaching. Our study addresses this gap by surveying 556 secondary school students in Hong Kong to explore their beliefs about various instructional practices and activities in vocabulary teaching, and how these beliefs vary with English proficiency and grade levels. The findings reveal that students valued diverse instructional methods, including specific strategies and engaging activities like games. However, they generally lacked autonomy in learning vocabulary, showing a tendency to rely on teacher instruction. The analysis also suggests that the students’ beliefs varied according to their English proficiency and grade levels. More proficient learners preferred strategy-focused instruction, while senior secondary students favoured more explicit instruction from teachers. Open-ended responses underscored the multifaceted and nuanced nature of students’ beliefs about vocabulary teaching. The study highlights the importance of promoting autonomous vocabulary learning, balancing engaging and conventional activities, and tailoring instruction to accommodate diverse needs across different proficiency and grade levels. We also provide insights for future studies on learner beliefs about vocabulary teaching.
Comparing and Assessing Statistical Distance Metrics within the Christian Apostle Paul’s Letters
Authors: Luce Alessandra , Robertson Paul
Published: January 2025

This study applies and compares different metrics and statistical methods to Paul’s letters and a variety of roughly contemporary texts also written in Greek. The primary objective is to elucidate the distinctions between several notable metrics and statistical methods of comparison to discern the relative impact of their application on our understanding of Paul’s letters vis-à-vis our comparanda. The secondary objective is to compare the findings from different statistical metrics in order to assess their relative merits as statistical tools for literary analysis. Such analysis extends to determining the statistical significance of different methods’ relative findings and extracting meaningful insights about each metric and method. We aim to determine which metrics are most accurate and provide the most useful information in comparing Paul’s letters to other types of literature such as Greco-Roman philosophy, formal oratory, and so-called Jewish apocalyptic literature. Such findings are especially salient when comparing these quantitative methods to qualitative conclusions from the biblical commentary traditions of literary analysis and comparison.
Understanding online advice-giving evaluations through the politeness evaluation model
Authors: Lu Rickey
Published: January 2025

One of the most popular online sites where advice interactions routinely occur is Reddit. As a predominately public platform, Reddit users presumably extend beyond only registered contributors. Thus, it is important to examine Reddit advice outside of the interactional or discursive level (e.g., exploring perceptions from other audience types). To bridge this gap, an experiment was designed based on a previous study on Reddit advice-giving, which investigated how audiences might perceive and evaluate the quality of advice-giving formulations. This experiment contained both qualitative and quantitative measures. Both components of the experiment yielded significant and interesting findings, with each meriting an in-depth discussion on their own. This paper reports on the qualitative aspects of the experiment, where results show that evaluations of advice invoke various aspects of Spencer-Oatey and Kádár’s (2021. Intercultural politeness: Managing relations across cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) politeness evaluation model, highlighting the particular pragmatic issues that are important for the advice interaction. These results also show that the manipulation of rhetorical moves used during Reddit advice-giving have an effect on the saliency of different face sensitivities, with implications for how linguistic forms as realized in rhetorical moves might be connected to higher level pragmatic concepts (e.g., face), and cognitive perceptions of warmth and competence.
Effect of Dietary Protein on Fat-Free Mass in Energy Restricted, Resistance-Trained Individuals: An Updated Systematic Review With Meta-Regression
Authors: Refalo Martin C. , Trexler Eric T. , Helms Eric R.
Published: January 2025

Individuals often restrict energy intake to lose fat mass (and body mass [BM]) while performing resistance training (RT) to retain fat-free mass (FFM). Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review with meta-regression was to explore (a) the pattern and strength of the dose-response relationship between daily dietary protein intake and FFM change, and (b) whether intervention duration, energy deficit magnitude, baseline body fat percentage (BF%), and participant sex influence this relationship. Studies were included if they involved a standardized RT protocol with nonobese, energy-restricted (experiencing fat mass loss) individuals with a minimum of 3 months RT experience. Of 916 retrieved studies, data were extracted from a total of 29 studies. Bayesian methods were used to fit linear and nonlinear meta-regression models and estimate effect sizes, highest density credible intervals, and probabilities. Results suggest a >97% probability of a linear dose-response relationship between daily protein intake [g/kgBM: β = 0.07 (95% highest density interval [HDI]: −0.01 to 0.14), and g/kg/FFM: β = 0.06 (95% HDI: 0.01 to 0.12)] and favorable FFM changes. The relationship is stronger when protein intake is expressed relative to FFM, in interventions longer than 4 weeks, in men, and when BF% is lower. Overall, the heterogeneity between studies renders our findings exploratory.