bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the effect of corn cob biochar on the performance of constructed rapid infiltration systems
Authors: Chen Jiao , Zhang Ying , Li Xiaoyuan , Xu Jiacheng , Huang Qin , Li Binling , Liu Huan , Lu Yixin
Published: June 2022

The corn cob biochar (CCB600) was prepared at 600℃ with wasted corn cob as raw material. The modified corn cob biochar (CCB600-M) was prepared by modifying CCB600 with hydrochloric acid and ultrasonic. CCB600 and CCB600-M were added into constructed rapid infiltration (CRI) systems respectively as one of the filter materials, and their effect on wastewater treatment performance was investigated. The results showed that the average removal rates of COD, NH4+-N and TP in CRI reactor with adding CCB600-M were respectively 4.8%, 6.1% and 18.2% higher than those with adding CCB600, and respectively 9.3%, 11.4% and 39.7% higher than those without adding any biochars. The modified corn cob biochar was a new type of filter materials with excellent performance and low price, which can effectively improve the wastewater treatment performance of CRI systems.
Pollutant emission and CO2 emission at various vehicle loading for a heavy-duty commercial vehicle by EIL methodology
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Wang Xiaowei , Gao Tao , Jing Xiaojun , Zhang Youyuan , Li Gang
Published: June 2022

Pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) under different vehicle loading were investigated on a dump truck with a maximum designed total mass of 18000 kg. An engine-in-the-loop (EIL) methodology was applied to achieve the test consistency because EIL can use the same road, driver and vehicle model. The results show that the total CO2 emission increases while the brake specific CO2 emission decrease as the vehicle loading increases. Both the total and specific emissions of PN increase when vehicle loading increases. The effect regularity of increasing vehicle loading on NOx, THC and CO is not significant. It is necessary to comprehensively consider the changes in the raw exhaust due to the engine operation points changes and in the SCR catalytic efficiency derived from the SCR inlet temperature variation. The DPF generation is also need to be concerned because the CO2, PN and NOx emissions will rapidly increase during this period.
Fluorescence labeled capillary electrophoresis fingerprint analysis of sulfonamides residues in tea garden soil and tea
Authors: Bai Xinwei , An Youxiao , Tang Caifeng
Published: June 2022

A fluorescence labeled capillary electrophoresis fingerprint method for the analysis of sulfonamides residues in tea garden soil and tea was established by using o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) as precolumn derivatization reagent. The effects of background electrolyte concentration, pH, column temperature and voltage on the separation conditions were investigated. The optimum separation conditions were as follows: Glycine sodium hydroxide slow concentration: 20 mmol/L; pH: 9.0; Column temperature: 20 °C; Separation voltage: 17 kv, pressure: 50 mbar, injection time: 8 s. Under the established optimal conditions, 13 sulfonamide derivatives could be separated efficiently within 9 min, and the linear range is 0.35~100μg/kg, the detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio is 3) is in the range of 0.12-0.25 μg/kg, the quantitative limit (signal-to-noise ratio is 10) is in the range of 0.35-0.70μg/kg.
Triassic in the eastern Sichuan basin ray slope and badong group strata division and correlation
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhang Ruigang , Zhou Dan , Chen Fei , Li Wei , Chen Yang , Zhou Zhengda , Nie Lei
Published: June 2022

Triassic strata are widely developed in the eastern part of Sichuan Basin. The Mingyuexia anticline and Huangnitang anticline located in the eastern Sichuan structural belt develop Triassic Jialingjiang Formation to Xujiahe Formation. The middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation and Badong Formation on both sides of the anticline are synchronous and heterogeneous strata. They are distinguished regionally according to their different sedimentary environments and lithologic characteristics, and the phase transition boundary between Leikoupo Formation and Badong Formation is determined.
Development effect evaluation of medium permeability oil fields in the western Daqing
Authors: Peng Li
Published: June 2022

Longhupao oilfield is a large medium permeability oilfield with the earliest development and the largest area in the western periphery of Daqing. It belongs to a reservoir controlled by lithology and structure. After decades of water injection development, it has entered the development stage of ultra-high water cut stage. The remaining oil is highly dispersed and it is more and more difficult to tap the potential. In order to make the later development adjustment more targeted, it is necessary to evaluate the development effect of the oilfield. Therefore, starting from the field data of the oilfield, this paper comprehensively uses mathematical formula calculation and reservoir engineering methods to evaluate various indexes such as water drive recovery rate, water injection utilization rate, oil production rate, liquid production rate and comprehensive water cut in the current development stage of Longhupao oilfield, The experience of each stage is summarized to provide reference for the formulation of development adjustment strategy in ultra-high water cut period.
Effects of driving cycle on CO2 emission of heavy-duty commercial vehicles based on VECTO simulation
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Gao Tao , Guan Min , Jing Xiaojun , Li Tengteng
Published: June 2022

European has adopted Vehicle Energy Consumption Calculation Tool (VECTO) to calculate the fuel consumption of heavy-duty commercial vehicles for fulfill the carbon-neutral requirement. In this paper, VECTO was used to evaluate the CO2 emission for four types of vehicles including city bus, coach, heavy truck and trailer tractor. China Version World Transient Vehicle Cycle (C-WTVC) and China Heavy-duty Commercial Vehicle Test Cycle (CHTC) were used as simulation cycles. The CO2 emission characteristics and cycle differences of both cycles were compared and analyzed. The results show that CO2 emissions of CHTC are higher than that of C-WTVC for these four types of vehicles with increase percentages ranging from 1.5% to 19%. Cycle average acceleration difference is the most predominant factor. Driving strategy changes due to the cycle difference also lead to the CO2 emission difference because the engine operation points has changed to some extent.
Influence of driving conditions on the emission characteristics of China VI heavy-duty vehicles
Authors: Xu Dandan , Liu Lin , Li Tengteng , Jing Xiaojun , Gao Dongzhi
Published: June 2022

In order to study the feasibility of the low load cycle (LLC) condition applied to China’s heavy-duty trucks, this paper selects a China Ⅵ heavy-duty trucks with 100% load to study the pollutant emission and driving condition characteristics of LLC, C-WTVC and CHTC-HT on chassis dynamometer. Vehicle specific power (VSP) is adopted as analysis method. The results show that the emission of pollutants (NOX, PN, CO2) under LLC cycle is higher than that under C-WTVC and CHTC-HT. the NOx emission and PN emission of the LLC are about 1 order of magnitude and 3 orders of magnitude higher than those under C-WTVC and CHTC-HT respectively. Compared with C-WTVC and CHTC-HT, CO2 emission of the LLC has the highest total emission performance, while the average emission rate of each VSP interval has the lowest performance, about 3.7g/s.
Summary of Information Monitoring Methods and Principles of Debris Flow Disasters
Authors: Bai Gexue , Qin Jian , Hou Yunlong , Wan Baofeng
Published: June 2022

Debris flow is a sudden geological disaster, once it occurs, it will cause irreparable economic losses and casualties. In recent years, debris flow disaster control methods emerge in endlessly, among which monitoring and early warning method is the most effective and economic method. In this paper, through the analysis of the monitoring content of material source, water source, characteristics of debris flow mass and the comparison of the current monitoring technology and methods, which is conducive to the selection of monitoring methods for the prevention and control of actual geological disasters, which can avoid the waste of resources.
Synthesis of metal-2D metal-organic framework composite Nanosheets and Their Application in Cascade Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Fu Guoyue , Tian Hongjing , Feng Tiantian , Li Jingyi , Li Jian
Published: June 2022

Cascade reactions have always had an irreplaceable position in biocatalysis. In this work, we are inspired by the cascade reactions catalyzed by natural enzymes and combining the peroxidase mimetic activity of metal organic frameworks (MOF) nanosheets and the glucose oxidation mimetic enzyme activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) constitutes a dual nanozyme mimetic cascade reaction. AuNPs/Zn-TCPP nanosheets with dual mimetic enzyme activities were prepared by in situ reduction to generate AuNPs on the surface of 2D MOF. And used to further detect the content of hydrogen peroxide or glucose.
Long-Term Assessment of Bone Regeneration in Nonunion Fractures Treated with Compression-Resistant Matrix and Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Dogs
Authors: Castilla Andrea , Filliquist Barbro , Spriet Mathieu , Garcia Tanya C. , Arzi Boaz , Chou Po-Yen , Kapatkin Amy S.
Published: June 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to assess bone density, bone architecture and clinical function of canine nonunion distal appendicular long bone fractures with a defect treated with fixation, compression-resistant matrix and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2).

Study Design Prospective cohort study with dogs at least 1-year post treatment. Computed tomography was performed and quantitative measurements from previous fracture sites were compared with measurements from contralateral limbs. Subjective evaluation included gait assessment and palpation.

Results Six patients met the inclusion criteria. The rhBMP-2 treated bone exhibited higher density at the periphery and lower density in the centre, similar to the contralateral limb. All patients were weight bearing on the treated limb and all fractures were healed.

Conclusion The rhBMP-2-treated bone underwent restoration of normal architecture and density. Acceptable limb function was present in all patients. The results of this study can serve as a basis for long-term response in treating nonunion fractures in veterinary patients.
The landscape of submicroscopic structural variants at the
OPN1LW/OPN1MW
gene cluster on Xq28 underlying blue cone monochromacy
Authors: Wissinger Bernd , Baumann Britta , Buena-Atienza Elena , Ravesh Zeinab , Cideciyan Artur V. , Stingl Katarina , Audo Isabelle , Meunier Isabelle , Bocquet Beatrice , Traboulsi Elias I. , Hardcastle Alison J. , Gardner Jessica C. , Michaelides Michel , Branham Kari E. , Rosenberg Thomas , Andreasson Sten , Dollfus Hélène , Birch David , Vincent Andrea L. , Martorell Loreto , Català Mora Jaume , Kellner Ulrich , Rüther Klaus , Lorenz Birgit , Preising Markus N. , Manfredini Emanuela , Zarate Yuri A. , Vijzelaar Raymon , Zrenner Eberhart , Jacobson Samuel G. , Kohl Susanne
Published: June 2022

Blue cone monochromacy (BCM) is an X-linked retinal disorder characterized by low vision, photoaversion, and poor color discrimination. BCM is due to the lack of long-wavelength-sensitive and middle-wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptor function and caused by mutations in the
OPN1LW/OPN1MW
gene cluster on Xq28. Here, we investigated the prevalence and the landscape of submicroscopic structural variants (SVs) at single-base resolution in BCM patients. We found that about one-third (
n
= 73) of the 213 molecularly confirmed BCM families carry an SV, most commonly deletions restricted to the
OPN1LW/OPN1MW
gene cluster. The structure and precise breakpoints of the SVs were resolved in all but one of the 73 families. Twenty-two families—all from the United States—showed the same SV, and we confirmed a common ancestry of this mutation. In total, 42 distinct SVs were identified, including 40 previously unreported SVs, thereby quadrupling the number of precisely mapped SVs underlying BCM. Notably, there was no “region of overlap” among these SVs. However, 90% of SVs encompass the upstream locus control region, an essential enhancer element. Its minimal functional extent based on deletion mapping in patients was refined to 358 bp. Breakpoint analyses suggest diverse mechanisms underlying SV formation as well as in one case the gene conversion-based exchange of a 142-bp deletion between opsin genes. Using parsimonious assumptions, we reconstructed the composition and copy number of the
OPN1LW/OPN1MW
gene cluster prior to the mutation event and found evidence that large gene arrays may be predisposed to the occurrence of SVs at this locus.
Movement-dependent electrical stimulation for volitional strengthening of cortical connections in behaving monkeys
Authors: Moorjani Samira , Walvekar Sarita , Fetz Eberhard E. , Perlmutter Steve I.
Published: June 2022

Correlated activity of neurons can lead to long-term strengthening or weakening of the connections between them. In addition, the behavioral context, imparted by execution of physical movements or the presence of a reward, can modulate the plasticity induced by Hebbian mechanisms. In the present study, we have combined behavior and induced neuronal correlations to strengthen connections in the motor cortex of adult behaving monkeys. Correlated activity was induced using an electrical-conditioning protocol in which stimuli gated by voluntary movements were used to produce coactivation of neurons at motor-cortical sites involved in those movements. Delivery of movement-dependent stimulation resulted in small increases in the strength of associated cortical connections immediately after conditioning. Remarkably, when paired with further repetition of the movements that gated the conditioning stimuli, there were substantially larger gains in the strength of cortical connections, which occurred in a use-dependent manner, without delivery of additional conditioning stimulation. In the absence of such movements, little change was observed in the strength of motor-cortical connections. Performance of the motor behavior in the absence of conditioning also did not produce any changes in connectivity. Our results show that combining movement-gated stimulation with further natural use of the “conditioned” pathways after stimulation ends can produce use-dependent strengthening of connections in adult primates, highlighting an important role for behavior in cortical plasticity. Our data also provide strong support for combining movement-gated stimulation with use-dependent physical rehabilitation for strengthening connections weakened by a stroke or spinal cord injury.
On the interpretation of utterances with expressive expletives
Authors: Padilla Cruz Manuel
Published: June 2022

Expressive adjectives or expressive expletives have been argued to voice the speaker’s attitude towards the referent of the noun with which they co-occur, even though the attitude may be felt to be expressed about the referent of another sentential constituent or the state of affairs alluded to in the sentence where they are inserted. A previous pragmatic approach suggests that this is possible because these expletives perform an individual speech act, while a syntactic approach posits a feature whose detachment from a particular constituent enables the speaker’s attitude to target the referent of another sentential constituent or even on the entire proposition expressed. This paper proposes an alternative relevance-theoretic account of the interpretation of utterances containing expressive expletives, which considers pragmatic factors and the cognitive processes in comprehension. It is grounded in contributions on the output of lexical pragmatic processes and the role of paralinguistic clues in utterance comprehension.
Onomatopoeia, translation and relevance
Authors: Sasamoto Ryoko
Published: June 2022

It is generally acknowledged that onomatopoeia poses challenges for translation. However, there is little research into the translation of onomatopoeia in Pragmatics. This study seeks to examine the nature of onomatopoeia and its implications for translation from the perspective of relevance theory, addressing, in particular, the following questions: (i) Can notions from pragmatics help to account for the perceived challenges involved in translating onomatopoeia? (ii) Would the showing-meaning nature affect the translation of onomatopoeia? (iii) What other factors result in difficulties in translating onomatopoeia and why? To this end, a corpus-based analysis of onomatopoeia was conducted using user-generated data provided by Cookpad Inc. Findings show that the relevance-theoretic notions of the showing-meaning continuum and perceptual resemblance can indeed help account for the perceived challenges in translating onomatopoeia. Findings also show that stylistic aspects, such as types of expressions and text types, also impact on the translation of onomatopoeia.
Quasinormal modes and Hawking radiation sparsity of GUP corrected black holes in bumblebee gravity with topological defects
Authors: Gogoi Dhruba Jyoti , Dev Goswami Umananda
Published: June 2022

We have obtained the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) corrected de
Sitter and anti-de Sitter black hole solutions in bumblebee gravity with a
topological defect. We have calculated the scalar, electromagnetic and
gravitational quasinormal modes for the both vanishing and non-vanishing
effective cosmological constant using Padé averaged sixth order WKB
approximation method. Apart from this, the time evolutions for all three
perturbations are studied, and quasinormal modes are calculated using the time
domain profile. We found that the first order and second order GUP parameters
α and β, respectively have opposite impacts on the quasinormal
modes. The study also finds that the
presence of a global monopole can decrease the quasinormal frequencies and the
decay rate significantly. On the other hand, Lorentz symmetry violation has
noticeable impacts on the quasinormal frequencies and the decay rate. We
have studied the greybody factors, power spectrum and sparsity of the black
hole with the vanishing effective cosmological constant for all the three
perturbations. The presence of Lorentz symmetry breaking and the GUP
parameter α decrease, while other GUP parameter β and the presence
of global monopole increase the probability of Hawking radiation to reach the
spatial infinity. The presence of Lorentz violation can make the black holes
less sparse, while the presence of a global monopole can increase the sparsity
of the black holes. Moreover, we have seen that the black hole area
quantization rule is modified by the presence of Lorentz symmetry breaking.
Derivative interactions during inflation: a systematic approach
Authors: Abolhasani Aliakbar , Goodhew Harry
Published: June 2022

We present a systematic prescription for calculating cosmological correlation functions for models with derivative interactions through the wavefunction of the universe and compare this result with the “in-in” formalism — canonical approach. The key step in this procedure is to perform the path integral over conjugate momenta after which a straightforward generalisation of Feynman's Rules can be applied. We show that this integral recovers the classical action plus some additional divergent contributions which are necessary to cancel other divergences that arise due to loop diagrams involving time derivatives. As a side project, for the first time, we introduce the “off-shell” version of the in-in formalism that is sometimes more straightforward, especially for the models with derivative coupling. To examine our prescription, as a specific example, we work out the trispectra of the scalar fluctuation in the model with the λϕ'
3 derivative coupling.
Couple stress and Darcy Forchheimer hybrid nanofluid flow on a vertical plate by means of double diffusion Cattaneo–Christov analysis
Authors: Ayed Hamdi
Published: June 2022

A three-dimensional Darcy Forchheimer mixed convective flow of a couple stress hybrid nanofluid flow through a vertical plate by means of the double diffusion Cattaneo–Christov model is presented in this study. The influence of high-order velocity slip flow, as well as a passive and active control, is also considered. The motive of the research is to develop a computational model, using cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) in the carrier fluid water, to magnify the energy and mass communication rate and boost the efficiency and performance of thermal energy conduction for a variety of commercial and biological purposes. The proposed model becomes more significant, with an additional effect of non-Fick's mass flux and Fourier's heat model to report the energy and mass passage rate. The results are obtained through the computational strategy parametric continuation method. The figures are plotted to reveal the physical sketch of the obtained solution, while the statistical assessment has been evaluated through tables. It has been observed that the dispersion of Cu and CoFe2O4 NPs to the base fluid significantly enhances the velocity and thermal conductivity of water, which is the most remarkable property of these NPs from the industrial point of view.
A design of resonant cavity with an improved coupling-adjusting mechanism for the W-band EPR spectrometer
Authors: He Yu , Kang Runqi , Shi Zhifu , Rong Xing , Du Jiangfeng
Published: June 2022

We report a new design of resonant cavity for a W-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer. An improved coupling-adjusting mechanism, which is robust, compact, and suits with both solenoid-type and split-pair magnets, is utilized on the cavity, and thus enables both continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed EPR experiments. It is achieved by a tiny metal cylinder in the iris. The coupling coefficient can be varied from 0.2 to 17.9. Furthermore, two pistons at each end of the cavity allow for adjustment of the resonant frequency. A horizontal TE011 geometry also makes the cavity compatible with the two frequently used types of magnets. The coupling-varying ability has been demonstrated by reflection coefficient (S
11) measurement. CW and pulsed EPR experiments have been conducted. The performance data indicates a prospect of wide applications of the cavity in fields of physics, chemistry and biology.
Game theory and its application in food security: research of the greenhouse facilities of the republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Durmanov Akmal , Tulaboev Azamjon , Allayarov Shamsiddin , Sarsenbaev Bakhitzhan , Tohir Irmatov , Bazarova Fayoza
Published: June 2022

Game theory has recently increased significantly in its role in various fields of science and areas of the country's life. It is applicable today in the economy of any country for the adoption of general economic tasks, the study of strategic problems, systems for stimulating the development of industries, the development of organizational structures. The application of game theory is considered an important aspect in the implementation of the tasks set at the state level. The Republic of Uzbekistan is considered one of the countries that have recently been trying to reach a significant stage of development, which has a fruitful effect on agriculture and greenhouse economy, their general improvement. The purpose of this article is to analyze the possibilities of using game theory in the field of greenhouse facilities in the Republic of Uzbekistan. This goal will be achieved through the analysis of the main modern scientific works, the study of analytical data and statistical indicators of the industry. The greenhouse economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan today is at a stage when significant changes are needed, the use of the most modern technologies both in the field of economic services for the industry, and fruitful interaction of individual parties. One of the most priority technologies for the development of individual areas of the greenhouse industry today is the so-called "game theory". Game theory is a prerequisite for the formation of separate and relevant directions for the development of the country's greenhouse economy, it establishes the rules for implementing the interaction of the parties-players in the process of creating strategies, functions of specific structures.
Yield and quality of hulles barley when using foliar fertilizing with macro- and micro-fertilizers in the steppe zone
Authors: Bobrenko I A , Kormin V P , Goman N V , Boldysheva E P , Popova V I
Published: June 2022

The studies found that doses of nitrogen fertilizers and zinc and copper chelates positively affected the yield of hulles barley grain with foliar fertilizing on ordinary chernozem of the steppe zone of the Omsk region. With a yield of 1.34 t/ha in the control variant, the application of macro- and micro-fertilizers contributed to the formation of 1.40-1.56 t/ha of grain. Nitrogen fertilizing without micronutrients is effective and has led to a significant increase in yield (0.09 - 0.15), as well as the use of micronutrients against nitrogen: 0.09 together with 15 kg of nitrogen and 0.11 together with 30 kg of nitrogen. The increase in yield from the application of zinc and copper separately was also noted, but less significant: 0.04 - 0.07 t/ha. The highest yield was formed when using N30Zn20Cu20. The improvement of plant nutrition conditions with the help of fertilizers mainly has a positive effect on the protein content in grain and nature. It was revealed that the sum of amino acids in the protein increases from 8.39% without fertilizing to a maximum of 10.59 (variants with foliar fertilizing in the tillering phase N15Zn20 and N30Zn20Cu20).
Development of a new technological scheme for water purification from iron
Authors: Smirnov Vladislav , Volkhonov Mikhail , Kukhar Viktor
Published: June 2022

Drinking water is the most valuable resource for human life and for the existence of all life on Earth. Scientists predict that about half of the world's population will experience water shortages by 2030. Purification of fresh water from contamination to the required quality standards is one of the most demanded engineering tasks. Taking into account the prevailing hydrogeological conditions, the removal of dissolved iron from the water of underground horizons is more in demand. Iron removal technology includes the use of oxidizing agents: oxygen, chlorine, potassium permanganate and ozone. It is ozone, due to its high oxidizing potential - 2.07 V, that has become worldwide in industrial water treatment systems, where it is generated using a corona discharge. But in water purification systems of low productivity, up to 1000 l / h, ozone is practically not used, due to the high cost of such generators. The Sterlight S8Q-OZ lamp was proposed as an alternative for ozone generation. According to the manufacturer's data, the lamp can produce ozone in a concentration of 1.59 to 2.82 mg / l when an air flow of 141.5 to 28.3 liters per hour passes through it. A new technological scheme was developed for deferrization of water in a stream using ozone generated by an ultraviolet lamp or a block of lamps. The installation contains an injector, an improved mixing chamber with a bottom inlet of the ozone-air mixture with Pall rings, a sand-gravel filter, an ultraviolet sterilizer lamp. The design feature was that small doses of ozone produced from the air under the influence of ultraviolet radiation with a length of 185 nm oxidized the iron dissolved in water. As a result of the tests carried out, the iron content in the source water was reduced from 2.58 mg / l to 0.02 mg / l, which is 10.0 times lower than the maximum permissible values of the EU sanitary requirements and 15.0 times lower than the maximum permissible values of sanitary requirements of the Russian Federation and the USA. It has also been noted that iron oxidation is significantly improved in the presence of 10% STIROX catalyst based on total backfill.
Efficiency of complex agro-reclamation on irrigated lands
Authors: Tagaev A M , Akshalov K A , Makhmadzjanov S P
Published: June 2022

In recent years, due to the irrational use of land and the irregular implementation of agro-reclamation measures, there has been a rise in the level of mineralized groundwater and secondary salinization of soils, which has affected the decline in the seed-cotton yield. The area of nonsaline soils in this region is decreasing from year to year, and there is also a shortage of water resources. Irrigated lands are mostly plowed to a depth of only 30 cm. Such shallow basic tillage for such a long time contributed to the formation of a rigid "plow pan" in the arable layer and an increase in soil bulk weight and salinization, which negatively affected the yield of agricultural crops, including cotton. Currently, in serozems (grey earth), the basic tillage is carried out to a depth of 30 cm. Shallow soil plowing for many years affects the density formation in the soil layer, that is, an increase in the bulk weight of the soil and its salinization, which negatively affects the yield of cotton plantations. This complex of negative factors leads to a decrease in the fertility of serozems and soil erosion. Scientists of the Agricultural Experiment Station for Cotton and Melon Growing, in conditions of progressive dehumification and to prevent soil salinity, as well as to increase their soil fertility and cotton yield on irrigated gray-earth soils, scientific research was conducted based on the use of complex intensive agro-reclamation measures.
Particle-based fast jet simulation at the LHC with variational autoencoders
Authors: Touranakou Mary , Chernyavskaya Nadezda , Duarte Javier , Gunopulos Dimitrios , Kansal Raghav , Orzari Breno , Pierini Maurizio , Tomei Thiago , Vlimant Jean-Roch
Published: June 2022

We study how to use deep variational autoencoders (VAEs) for a fast simulation of jets of particles at the Large Hadron Collider. We represent jets as a list of constituents, characterized by their momenta. Starting from a simulation of the jet before detector effects, we train a deep VAE to return the corresponding list of constituents after detection. Doing so, we bypass both the time-consuming detector simulation and the collision reconstruction steps of a traditional processing chain, speeding up significantly the events generation workflow. Through model optimization and hyperparameter tuning, we achieve state-of-the-art precision on the jet four-momentum, while providing an accurate description of the constituents momenta, and an inference time comparable to that of a rule-based fast simulation.
Projective free algebras of bounded holomorphic functions on infinitely connected domains
Authors: Brudnyi A.
Published: June 2022

The algebra

H
∞

(
D
)

H^\infty (D)

of bounded holomorphic functions on

D
⊂

C

D\subset \mathbb {C}

is projective free for a wide class of infinitely connected domains. In particular, for such 

D
D

every rectangular left-invertible matrix with entries in

H
∞

(
D
)

H^\infty (D)

can be extended in this class of matrices to an invertible square matrix. This follows from a new result on the structure of the maximal ideal space of

H
∞

(
D
)

H^\infty (D)

asserting that its covering dimension is

2
2

and the second Čech cohomology group is trivial.
Transfer learning in proteins: evaluating novel protein learned representations for bioinformatics tasks
Authors: Fenoy Emilio , Edera Alejando A , Stegmayer Georgina
Published: June 2022

A representation method is an algorithm that calculates numerical feature vectors for samples in a dataset. Such vectors, also known as embeddings, define a relatively low-dimensional space able to efficiently encode high-dimensional data. Very recently, many types of learned data representations based on machine learning have appeared and are being applied to several tasks in bioinformatics. In particular, protein representation learning methods integrate different types of protein information (sequence, domains, etc.), in supervised or unsupervised learning approaches, and provide embeddings of protein sequences that can be used for downstream tasks. One task that is of special interest is the automatic function prediction of the huge number of novel proteins that are being discovered nowadays and are still totally uncharacterized. However, despite its importance, up to date there is not a fair benchmark study of the predictive performance of existing proposals on the same large set of proteins and for very concrete and common bioinformatics tasks. Therefore, this lack of benchmark studies prevent the community from using adequate predictive methods for accelerating the functional characterization of proteins. In this study, we performed a detailed comparison of protein sequence representation learning methods, explaining each approach and comparing them with an experimental benchmark on several bioinformatics tasks: (i) determining protein sequence similarity in the embedding space; (ii) inferring protein domains and (iii) predicting ontology-based protein functions. We examine the advantages and disadvantages of each representation approach over the benchmark results. We hope the results and the discussion of this study can help the community to select the most adequate machine learning-based technique for protein representation according to the bioinformatics task at hand.
A transcriptome atlas and interactive analysis platform for autoimmune disease
Authors: Shen Zhuoqiao , Fang Minghao , Sun Wujianan , Tang Meifang , Liu Nianping , Zhu Lin , Liu Qian , Li Bin , Sun Ruoming , Shi Yu , Guo Chuang , Lin Jun , Qu Kun
Published: June 2022

With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology, many laboratories have produced a large amount of single-cell transcriptome data of blood and tissue samples from patients with autoimmune diseases, which enables in-depth studies of the relationship between gene transcription and autoimmune diseases. However, there is still a lack of a database that integrates the large amount of autoimmune disease transcriptome sequencing data and conducts effective analysis. In this study, we developed a user-friendly web database tool, Interactive Analysis and Atlas for Autoimmune disease (IAAA), which integrates bulk RNA-seq data of 929 samples of 10 autoimmune diseases and single-cell RNA-seq data of 783 203 cells in 96 samples of 6 autoimmune diseases. IAAA also provides customizable analysis modules, including gene expression, difference, correlation, similar gene detection and cell–cell interaction, and can display results in three formats (plot, table and pdf) through custom parameters. IAAA provides valuable data resources for researchers studying autoimmune diseases and helps users deeply explore the potential value of the current transcriptome data. IAAA is available.

Database URL: http://galaxy.ustc.edu.cn/IAAA
Uncertainty quantification for regularized inversion of electromagnetic geophysical data – Part II: application in 1-D and 2-D problems
Authors: Blatter Daniel , Morzfeld Matthias , Key Kerry , Constable Steven
Published: June 2022

This paper is Part II of a two-part series on a mathematical and computational framework for computing a meaningful uncertainty quantification (UQ) for regularized inversions of electromagnetic data. In Part I, we explained the theory behind a sampling algorithm, which we call RTO-TKO, and in Part II, we showcase RTO-TKO in practice. We individually and jointly invert seafloor magnetotelluric (MT) and surface-towed controlled source electromagnetic field data, collected for imaging offshore freshened groundwater beneath the U.S. Atlantic margin. We also invert seafloor MT data collected for subsalt imaging to produce 2-D resistivity models and uncertainty estimates that characterize the salt body geometry and surrounding sediments. We compare the UQ of the RTO-TKO with results from trans-dimensional sampling, and explain the differences arising from different underlying (prior) assumptions of the two algorithms. We also discuss the practical implications of these findings. Most importantly, however, the 2-D case study unambiguously demonstrates the computational advantages of RTO-TKO and its ability to make use of massive parallelism.
Anti-membrane Antibodies Persist at Least One Year and Discriminate Between Past Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection and Vaccination
Authors: Amjadi Maya F , Adyniec Ryan R , Gupta Srishti , Bashar S Janna , Mergaert Aisha M , Braun Katarina M , Moreno Gage K , O’Connor David H , Friedrich Thomas C , Safdar Nasia , McCoy Sara S , Shelef Miriam A
Published: June 2022

Background

The consequences of past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection for personal and population health are emerging, but accurately identifying distant infection is a challenge. Anti-spike antibodies rise after both vaccination and infection and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies rapidly decline.

Methods

We evaluated anti-membrane antibodies in COVID-19 naive, vaccinated, and convalescent subjects to determine if they persist and accurately detect distant infection.

Results

We found that anti-membrane antibodies persist for at least 1 year and are a sensitive and specific marker of past COVID-19 infection.

Conclusions

Thus, anti-membrane and anti-spike antibodies together can differentiate between COVID-19 convalescent, vaccinated, and naive states to advance public health and research.
Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence is Associated with Neurodegenerative Disorders in Older People with Dementia: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Pérez-García Felipe , Vázquez-Morón Sonia , Burgueño-García Iván , Muñoz-Gómez María José , Zea-Sevilla María Ascensión , Calero Miguel , Martínez Isidoro , Rábano Alberto , Resino Salvador
Published: June 2022

In this case-control study, we evaluated the association between serum antibodies against hepatitis E virus (HEV) and central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) in older people with dementia. The presence of anti-HEV antibodies was related to a higher adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of having CNS NDs by neuropathological diagnosis (aOR, 2.13; P = .007) and clinical/neuropathological diagnosis (1.84; P = .02). Besides, serum anti-HEV antibodies were directly related to neuropathological injury (higher vascular pathology [aOR, 1.97; P = .006]) and higher probability of Alzheimer-type pathology (1.84; P = .02). In conclusion, the presence of anti-HEV antibodies was related to higher odds of CNS NDs and neuropathological injury in older people.
Atezolizumab for Pretreated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia: Final Analysis of Phase II AMBITIOUS Study
Authors: Ikeda Satoshi , Kato Terufumi , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Ogura Takashi , Sato Yuki , Hino Aoi , Harada Toshiyuki , Kubota Kaoru , Tokito Takaaki , Okamoto Isamu , Furuya Naoki , Yokoyama Toshihide , Hosokawa Shinobu , Iwasawa Tae , Kasajima Rika , Miyagi Yohei , Misumi Toshihiro , Okamoto Hiroaki
Published: June 2022

Background

Interstitial pneumonia (IP) is a poor prognostic comorbidity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is also a risk factor for pneumonitis. The TORG1936/AMBITIOUS trial, the first known phase II study of atezolizumab in patients with NSCLC with comorbid IP, was terminated early because of the high incidence of severe pneumonitis.

Methods

This study included patients with idiopathic chronic fibrotic IP, with a predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) of >70%, with or without honeycomb lung, who had previously been treated for NSCLC. The patients received atezolizumab every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was the 1-year survival rate.

Results

A total of 17 patients were registered; the median %FVC was 85.4%, and 41.2% had honeycomb lungs. The 1-year survival rate was 53.3% (95% CI, 25.9-74.6). The median overall and progression-free survival times were 15.3 months (95% CI, 3.1-not reached) and 3.2 months (95% CI, 1.2-7.4), respectively. The incidence of pneumonitis was 29.4% for all grades, and 23.5% for grade ≥3. Tumor mutational burden and any of the detected somatic mutations were not associated with efficacy or risk of pneumonitis.

Conclusion

Atezolizumab may be one of the treatment options for patients with NSCLC with comorbid IP, despite the high risk of developing pneumonitis. This clinical trial was retrospectively registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials on August 26, 2019, (registry number: jRCTs031190084, https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs031190084).
Past Aboriginal Populations and Demographic Change Using Radiocarbon Data and Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Williams Alan N. , Ulm Sean , Smith Mike
Published: June 2022

The use of radiocarbon data as a proxy for past human demography has become common in many parts of the world with increasingly sophisticated techniques developed in the last decade. Australian archaeologists have been at the forefront of this research. Using this technique, the authors show that at a continent scale Aboriginal population remained low—in the tens of thousands—throughout the Pleistocene, followed by a stepwise growth in the last 10,000 years, and culminating at ~1.15 million in the Late Holocene. The Last Glacial Maximum resulted in significant disruption to populations, with recent evidence suggesting a prolonged recovery from the event, hindered by sea-level change through the terminal Pleistocene. This chapter hypothesises that increasing population during the Early Holocene, along with environmental packing from a reducing landmass, established the conditions contributing to the complex societies observed later in the Holocene and up to the ethnographic period. While radiocarbon approaches to exploring demography have been subject to frequent criticism, virtually all are explicitly addressed in sophisticated applications of the approach, and the authors’ findings continue to be proven robust as more archaeological data becomes available. For instance, the authors’ demonstration that initial seeding population at ~50,000 years ago was ~1000–3000 people and likely involved a deliberate act of exploration has been validated by a plethora of recent studies. The authors suggest a number of temporal and spatial areas that should form the focus of further archaeological research to fill in current knowledge gaps.
The Emerging Phenotype in Infants With Down Syndrome
Authors: D’Souza Hana , D’Souza Dean
Published: June 2022

The aim of this chapter is not just to present a selection of literature on early development in Down syndrome (DS), but also to integrate findings from across disciplines within an overarching framework. In this chapter, DS is viewed not as a collection of cognitive and motor deficits, nor as an assortment of relative strengths and weaknesses, but as a functioning adaptive system, albeit with a different start state (trisomy 21). According to this view, the emerging characteristics of DS are adaptations to atypical constraints and thus serve an immediate functional purpose—but these early adaptations will in turn act as new developmental constraints, and some of them may exacerbate the divergence of the DS trajectories. This chapter focuses on the first few years after birth, because to understand how the DS phenotype gradually emerges, it is important to focus on early developmental constraints. The chapter introduces DS as an adaptive system with trisomy 21, explains why a developmental systems approach is needed to understand it, and discusses how such an approach can be implemented in research. It then describes how trisomy 21 may constrain neural plasticity, which is likely to have cascading effects on the developmental process of specialization—contributing to less efficient information processing and atypical motor activity. The chapter then discusses how young children with DS may adapt to these challenges within the context of the social environment. Finally, this chapter points to future directions in theory, research, and intervention.
Rendering the Future a White Possession
Authors: Brown Lilly
Published: June 2022

This chapter traces the emergence of racialized conceptions of Indigenous youth in Australia as they emerged in education discourse in the decade after the success of the 1967 Referendum. A rhetoric of contingent self-determination was enabled through the pathologizing of Indigenous Peoples in response to reports of statistical inequality and poverty. This pathologizing forged racialized conceptions of Indigenous youth as foundational to normative economic futures for First Peoples more broadly. During the early 1970s these conceptions emerged to undermine First Peoples’ demands for self-determination and came to form the basis upon which, after 1977, subsequent neoliberal discourses of youth would intersect. By analyzing the government’s discursive practices during the period under examination, this chapter shows how Indigenous youth emerged as a problem for education through the formation of inescapable deficiency. Through this discursive formation, First Peoples’ mounting demands for a self-determined future were slowly co-opted within sanctioned political discourse, which positioned Indigenous young people as a malleable site of redress in response to the “Aboriginal problem”—through education and employment—for the inherent poverty and disadvantage Indigenous Peoples were figured as facing. The chapter concludes by noting how this early formation of seemingly inescapable deficiency forms the bedrock of the more contemporary policy platforms, such as Closing the Gap in education, in response to the issues facing young First Peoples.
The Andean Novel
Authors: Vilanova Núria
Published: June 2022

This chapter focuses on the impact of the Andes and its cultures on a genre that more solidly belonged to the written European tradition: the novel. Motivated by a long literary history, this chapter aims at reflecting on the multiple and rich elements that construct the literary imaginary of the Andes, delving into works in which the Andes are the driving force shaping their aesthetics and narrative discourse. It also explores the writings in which the Andes are the pillar that structurally disrupts and reformulates the very genre of the novel. It likewise looks into novels in which the Andes are only a mere reference. Special attention is given to one of the most prolific narrative trends of the region: the indigenista novel. Part of a broader movement addressing the colonial heritage of oppression and exploitation from an external, often paternalistic perspective, the indigenista novel has captured since the late nineteenth century the struggles and hardship of indigenous peoples. In conclusion, this chapter studies the multifaceted novelistic elements that construct the written imaginary of the Andes and determine the Andeanness of novels associated with the region’s physical and symbolic spaces.
Popular Fictions and Artistic Narrative
Authors: Braham Persephone
Published: June 2022

This chapter describes crime fiction and science fiction in Latin America. Genre fiction was not generally regarded as prestige literature in the region, and some early critics described it as escapist or derivative. However, Latin American genre narratives engaged with contemporary social and scientific issues from their beginnings. Early science fiction considered the implications of secularization, evolutionary theory, technological advancement, and cultural dependence. Detective fiction decries corruption, systemic injustice, authoritarianism, and the culture of impunity surrounding government and corporate malfeasance, violence against women, narcotraffic, and human trafficking. Seeking new descriptive registers, twenty-first-century writers increasingly mix crime narrative with fantasy, horror, and science fiction, disrupting the genre reader’s passive acceptance of violence as natural or expected.