bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement Report: Spatial and vertical variability of aerosol optical properties during MOABAI mobile on-road campaign in North China Plain
Authors: Popovici Ioana Elisabeta , Deng Zhaoze , Goloub Philippe , Xia Xiangao , Chen Hongbin , Blarel Luc , Podvin Thierry , Hao Yitian , Chen Hongyan , Fu Disong , Yin Nan , Torres Benjamin , Victori Stéphane , Fan Xuehua
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The North China Plain (NCP) has been experiencing serious air quality problems since the rapid urbanization and industrialization and has been the subject of many studies over the years. This work presents mapping at a fine scale of the aerosol spatial and vertical variability obtained during the MOABAI campaign (Mobile Observation of Atmosphere By vehicle-borne Aerosol measurement Instruments) using a van equipped with a micro-pulse LIDAR, a sun photometer and in situ instruments, performing on-road measurements. The campaign was conducted from 5 May to 23 May 2017 and had as a main objective to map the pollutants distribution in Beijing and NCP area. A summary of aerosol properties during all measurement days and a comprehensive case study along the industrial Binhai New Area near Tianjin are presented. The highest AOD at 440 nm (1.34 and 1.9) were recorded during two heavy pollution episodes on 18 May and 19 May 2017, respectively. The lowest PBL (Planetary Boundary Layer) heights (< 1500 m) were recorded during the heavy pollution events, correlated with the highest AOD. Transport of dust from Gobi Desert was captured during the mobile measurements, impacting Beijing in the 9–13 May period. Exploring the NCP outside Beijing provided datasets in regions with lack of aerosol observation sites and allowed mapping higher aerosol concentrations when passing by polluted cities in NCP (Baoding, Tianjin and Tangshan). In this study, we provide the first mass concentration profiles derived from a mobile micro-pulse LIDAR, making use of complementary information on aerosol type from sun photometer and in situ data. The case study of 17 May 2017 revealed mean extinction coefficients of 0.14 ± 0.10 km−1 at 532 nm and total mass concentration of 80 ± 62 μg m−3 in the PBL (< 2000 m) for the mobile transect from Tianjin to Tangshan along the coast of Bohai Sea. The highest extinction (0.56 km−1) and mass concentrations (404 μg m−3) were found in the industrial Binhai New Area. The PM10 and PM2.5 fractions of the total mass concentration profiles were separated using the columnar size distribution derived from sun photometer measurements. A general good agreement was found between the lidar-derived PM concentrations at surface level and the ones recorded at the closest air quality stations along the transect, with the only exception along the industrial region near Tianjin port, where emissions were highly variable.
Measurement Report: New particle formation characteristics at an urban and a mountain station in Northern China
Authors: Zhou Ying , Hakala Simo , Yan Chao , Gao Yang , Yao Xiaohong , Chu Biwu , Chan Tommy , Kangasluoma Juha , Gani Shahzad , Kontkanen Jenni , Paasonen Pauli , Liu Yongchun , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Dada Lubna
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) events have attracted increasing attention for their contribution to the global aerosol number budget, and therefore their effects on climate, air quality, and human health. NPF events are regarded as a regional phenomenon, occurring over a large area. However, the spatial variation of NPF intensity has not been investigated in detail by incorporating both urban and regional measurements. Urban environments have more heterogeneous and freshly emitted NPF precursors as compared to environments with less anthropogenic activity. Here, we provide a comparison of NPF event characteristics – NPF event frequency, particle formation rate, and growth rate – by comparing an urban Beijing site and a background mountain site separated by ~80 km from June 14 to July 14, 2019 as well as give insights into the connection between both locations. During the measurement period, 12 and 13 NPF events were observed at the urban and background mountain sites, respectively, with 9 NPF events observed on the same day at both sites. Although the median condensation sink during the first two hours of the common NPF events was around 0.01 s−1 at both sites, there were notable differences in particle formation rates between the two locations (median of 5.42 cm−3 s−1 at the urban site and 1.13 cm−3 s−1 at the mountain site during the first two hours of common NPF events). Yet, the particle growth rates in the 7–15 nm range for common NPF events were comparable (median of 7.6 nm.h−1 at the urban site and 6.5 nm.h−1 at the mountain site as median values). To understand whether the observed events were connected, we compared air mass trajectories as well as meteorological conditions at both stations. Favorable conditions for the occurrence of regional NPF events were largely affected by air mass transport. Overall, our results demonstrate a clear inhomogeneity of regional NPF within a distance of ~100 km, which should be considered in regional-scale aerosol models when estimating the budget of aerosol load and cloud condensation nuclei.
The INFRA-EAR: a low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for monitoring geophysical parameters
Authors: den Ouden Olivier F. C. , Assink Jelle D. , Oudshoorn Cornelis D. , Filippi Dominique , Evers Läslo G.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Geophysical studies and real-time monitoring of natural hazards, such as volcanic eruptions or severe weather events, benefit from the joint analysis of multiple geophysical parameters. However, typical geophysical measurement platforms still provide logging solutions for a single parameter, due to different community standards and the higher cost per added sensor. In this work, the Infrasound and Environmental Atmospheric data Recorder (INFRA-EAR) is presented, which has been designed as a low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for geophysical monitoring. In particular, the platform monitors infrasound but concurrently measures barometric pressure, accelerations, and wind flow and uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) to position the platform. Due to its digital design, the sensor platform can be readily integrated with existing geophysical data infrastructures and be embedded in geophysical data analysis. The small dimensions and low cost per unit allow for unconventional, experimental designs, for example, high-density spatial sampling or deployment on moving measurement platforms. Moreover, such deployments can complement existing high-fidelity geophysical sensor networks. The platform is designed using digital micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensors embedded on a printed circuit board (PCB). The MEMS sensors on the PCB are a GPS, a three-component accelerometer, a barometric pressure sensor, an anemometer, and a differential pressure sensor. A programmable microcontroller unit controls the sampling frequency of the sensors and data storage. A waterproof casing is used to protect the mobile platform against the weather. The casing is created with a stereolithography (SLA) Formlabs 3D printer using durable resin. Thanks to low power consumption (9 Wh over 25 d), the system can be powered by a battery or solar panel. Besides the description of the platform design, we discuss the calibration and performance of the individual sensors.
Riverine nitrogen supply to the global ocean and its limited impact on global marine primary production: a feedback study using an Earth System Model
Authors: Tivig Miriam , Keller David Peter , Oschlies Andreas
Published: May 2021

Abstract. A common notion is that negative feedbacks stabilize the marine nitrogen inventory. Recent modeling studies have shown, however, some potential for localized positive feedbacks leading to substantial nitrogen losses, in regions where nitrogen fixation and denitrification occur in proximity to each other. Here we include dissolved nitrogen from river discharge in a global 3-D ocean biogeochemistry model and study the effects on near-coastal and remote open ocean biogeochemistry. We find that at steady state the biogeochemical feedbacks in the marine nitrogen cycle, nitrogen input from biological N2 fixation, and nitrogen loss via denitrification, mostly compensate for the yearly addition of 22.8 to 45.6 Tg of riverine nitrogen and limit the impact on global marine productivity to < 2 %. Global experiments that regionally isolate river nutrient input show that sign and strength of the feedbacks depend on the location of the river discharge and the oxygen status of the receiving marine environment. Marine productivity generally increases in proximity to the nitrogen input, but we also find a decline in productivity in the Bay of Bengal and near the mouth of the Amazon River. While most of the changes are located in shelf and near coastal oceans, nitrogen supply from the rivers can impact the open ocean, due to feedbacks or knock-on effects.
Review article: Towards resilient vital infrastructure systems – challenges, opportunities, and future research agenda
Authors: Mehvar Seyedabdolhossein , Wijnberg Kathelijne , Borsje Bas , Kerle Norman , Schraagen Jan Maarten , Vinke-de Kruijf Joanne , Geurs Karst , Hartmann Andreas , Hogeboom Rick , Hulscher Suzanne
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Infrastructure systems are inextricably tied to society by providing a
variety of vital services. These systems play a fundamental role in reducing
the vulnerability of communities and increasing their resilience to natural
and human-induced hazards. While various definitions of resilience for
infrastructure systems exist, analyzing the resilience of these systems
within cross-sectoral and interdisciplinary perspectives remains limited and
fragmented in research and practice. With the aim to assist researchers and
practitioners in advancing understanding of resilience in designing
infrastructure systems, this systematic literature review synthesizes and
complements existing knowledge on designing resilient vital infrastructures
by identifying (1) key conceptual tensions and challenges, (2) engineering
and non-engineering measures, and (3) directions for future research. Here,
a conceptual framework is developed in which infrastructures are defined as
a conglomeration of interdependent social–ecological–technical systems. In
addition, we define resilient infrastructures as systems with ability to
(i) anticipate and absorb disturbances, (ii) adapt/transform in response to changes, (iii) recover, and (iv) learn from prior unforeseen events. Our
results indicate that conceptual and practical challenges in designing
resilient infrastructures continue to exist. Hence these systems are still
being built without taking resilience explicitly into account. Our review of
measures and recent applications shows that the available measures have not
been widely applied in designing resilient infrastructure systems. Key
concerns to address are identified as (i) the integration of social,
ecological, and technical resilience of infrastructure systems with explicit
attention paid to cascading effects and dependencies across these complex
systems and (ii) the development of new technologies to identify factors
that create different recovery characteristics.
Analisis Fenomena Tren Green Lifestyle Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Bangka Belitung
Authors: Islamiati Dewi Fortuna , Pratama Saputra Putra
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang Analisis Tren Green Lifestyle Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Bangka Belitung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan faktor yang mempengaruhi tren green lifestyle pada mahasiswa Universitas Bangka Belitung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara lansung dan dokumentasi. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini guna menganalisis permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori ekosentrisme (deep ecology) dari Arne Naess yaitu dalam tiga nilai antara lain nilai normatif, nilai kebijakan, dan nilai gaya hidup. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa fenomena ini berkembang dan diketahui oleh mahasiswa lewat media sosial yang kemudian didukung oleh situasi lingkungan yang sedang menghadapi pandemi covid-19, kemudian didorong oleh beberapa faktor seperti tren gaya hidup dan juga lingkungan sosial yang akhirnya menciptkan kebiasaan baru dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mahasiswa di Universitas Bangka Belitung dalam bentuk gaya hidup ramah lingkungan. Kemunculan tren ini akhirnya memberikan cara baru dalam perubahan di diri individu untuk lebih sadar terhadap kelestarian lingkungan. Gaya hidup yang dikemas lebih ramah lingkungan dan juga memberikan inovasi baru untuk mengurangi timbunan sampah industri.
Peningkatan Layanan Kesehatan Dalam Upaya Menekan Angka Kematian Melalui Program Inovasi Pada Masyarakat Kabupaten Bangka, Kabupaten Gresik, dan Kabupaten Garut
Authors: Rofik Ediy
Published: May 2021

Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan yaitu setiap orang berkewajiban ikut mewujudkan, mempertahankan, dan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang setinggi-tingginya. Kewajiban yang disebutkan diatas, pelaksanaannya meliputi upaya kesehatan perseorangan, upaya kesehatan masyarakat, dan pembangunan berwawasan kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis inovasi yang dilakukan pada ketiga daerah tersebut dalam upaya masyarakat memajukan meningkatkan kualitas daerah dalam hal fasilitas kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kualititatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah daerah yang telah melakukan inovasi dalam bidang kesehatan. Sedangkan subjek penelitiannya yaitu pada Kabupaten Bangka, Kabupaten Gresik, dan Kabupaten Garut. Dimana, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis inovasi yang dilakukan pada ketiga daerah tersebut dalam upaya masyarakat memajukan meningkatkan kualitas daerah dalam hal fasilitas kesehatan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan banyaknya inovasi yang dilakukan oleh berbagai daerah menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya kesehatan sudah tercipta. Hal yang selanjutnya harus dilakukan adalah dengan mempertahankan budaya inovasi ini untuk terus berkembang agar kehidupan masyarakat khususnya dalam bidang kesehatan dapat lebih berkualitas. Dimana,hasil inovasi yang dilakukan oleh Kabupaten Bangka salah satunya adalah berhasil menurunkan Angka Kematian Ibu sebanyak 50 % dari jumlah kasus 12 ibu pada tahun 2015 menjadi 6 ibu pada tahun 2016. Kemudian, hasil novasi yang dilakukan pada Kabupaten Gresik salah satunya adalah Pelayanan Pasien TB Resisten Obat yaitu penatalaksanaan TB MDR yang komprehensif dan mudahnya akses dan kenyamanan pelayanan. Tak hanya pada dua Kabupaten tersebut, inovasi yang dilakukan oleh Kabupaten Garut pun memperoleh hasil, dimana salah satunya adalah adanya penyuluhan di Sekolah yg dilaksanakan pemeriksaan Hb Remat.
Peningkatan Kualitas Layanan Publik Dengan Inovasi Peta
Authors: Suhendra Adi
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami lebih dalam terkait dengan berbagai inovasi yang dilakukan oleh ketiga kota di Indonesia, diantaranya yaitu Kota Sawahlunto dengan inovasi Satu Dalam Satu Peta Kota Sawahlunto, kota Balikpapan dengan inovasi Bernama Penggunaan Peta Dasar Dalam Upaya Penanganan Perumahan dan Permukinan Kumuh, dan juga pada Kota Kebumen dengan inovasi Aplikasi Peta Wisata Online Kebumen yang memanfaatkan media peta sebagai alat untuk mewujudkan inovasi atau perubahan kualitas layanan publik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu daerah yang telah melakukan inovasi dengan menggunakan peta sebagai ide untuk mewujudkan beragam perubahan yang berkualitas. Sedangkan, sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu terdapat tiga kota, diantaranya adalah Kota Sawahlunto, Kota Balikpapan, dan Kota Kebumen. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan beragam inovasi yang dilakukan oleh keitga kota di Indonesia, yakni Kota Sawahluto, Kota Balikpapan, dan juga Kota Kebumen mencerminkan bahwa masyarakat sudah pandai dalam memanfaatkan perkembangan jaman untuk membuat aktivitas menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien. Hasil dari adanya inovasi satu dalam satu peta Kota Sawahlunto adalah terbangunnya data berbasis sistem informasi geospasial. Sedangkan, hasil dari adanya inovasi Penggunaan Peta Dasar Dalam Upaya Penanganan Perumahan Dan Permukiman Kumuh Kota Balikpapan salahsatunya yaitu adanya data yang terintegrasi secara spasial dapat mengefektifkan analisa dalam perencananaan pembangunan yang dalam hal ini adalah dalam hal penanganan perumahan dan permukiman kumuh di Kota Balikpapan. Sedangkan, hasil inovasi dari adanya Aplikasi Peta Wisata Online Kebumen yaitu Teknik Penyajian peta didasari dari peta online Google Maps yang telah dimodifikasi dengan penambahan Database MySQL.
K-isothermic Hypersurfaces
Authors: Ferro Marcelo Lopes , Corro Armando Vasques , Rodrigues Luciana Àvila
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we consider Hypersurfaces of dimension n in the Euclidean space and introduce the k-isothermic hypersurfaces, with k<n, as hypersurfaces that locally admit orthogonal parametrization by curvature lines with k coefficients of the first quadratic form distinct. Transformations that preserve k-isothermic hypersurface are isometries, dilations and invertions. We prove that there are no k-isothermic hypersurface dimension n with distinct principal curvatures for n ? k + 3. We introduced two ways to generate a (k + 1)-isothermic Hypersurface from a k-isothermic hypersurface, which we will call 2-reducible. Moreover, we provide a local characterization of Dupin 2-isothermic hypersurface and include explicit examples of Dupin 2-isothermic hypersurface 2-irreducible.
Arte e psicanálise na promoção de saúde psíquica a alunos do curso de psicologia
Authors: Pessoa de Assis Maria de Fátima , Santos Luciana
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho visa relatar uma experiência de acolhimento a alunos do curso de psicologia realizada em Serviço Escola/ SPA da Universidade Federal de Jataí (UFJ) por meio da interlocução entre a arte e a psicanálise. Esses dispositivos, por permitirem mobilizar o sujeito do desejo inconsciente, potencializam a criatividade e a singularidade, subvertendo o sintoma ao dar lugar à dimensão da falta, esta que questiona a ilusão de completude, da harmonia e da perfeição. Foram realizados cinco encontros nos quais a metodologia empregada foi o grupo operativo, mediado por recursos artísticos e literários. Os resultados da intervenção revelaram que o uso de objetos estéticos e culturais (objetos transformacionais) no contexto grupal contribuíram para a comunicação de emoções e alívio de sofrimentos dos estudantes.
Fazendo e aprendendo
Authors: Fernandes da Silva Ana Danielly
Published: May 2021

Os serviços-escola foram criados como exigência legal para o funcionamento dos cursos de psicologia no Brasil e exercem uma importante função social. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o Serviço de Psicologia Aplicada da Universidade Federal de Jataí (SPA-UFJ). Dar-se-á ênfase às suas práticas, à dinâmica de funcionamento, gestão, recursos humanos, relação entre ensino-pesquisa-extensão, seu papel na comunidade e, construção de novas tecnologias informacionais e de trabalho. Dessa forma, ressalta-se a necessidade de constante reflexão acerca das atuações nesse espaço e da relevância de se criar uma Rede de serviços-escola, para se dar visibilidade à produção dos conhecimentos, tecnologias, teorias e técnicas em Psicologia desenvolvidos nesses lugares.
Letter from the Editor 2021
Authors: Ruger Helen
Published: May 2021

Letter From the Editor
From Muse to Material: The Defiance of Homeric Identity Through Creative Adaptation
Authors: Leidich Sarah
Published: May 2021

The hero crossing the wine-dark sea, a king kneeling at the foot of his son’s killer, a boy defending his homeland in his father’s absence. The world of epic Greek myth is an alluring and vast web of heroic narrative and moral dilemma. These iconic moments transcend history and cultural decay. They live in the literature, art, and philosophical framework of the contemporary human experience. Homeric myth is intrinsically embedded in our cultural landscape; it is the thread that runs through the most mundane storytelling and the most epic fantasy narrative. The narratives of the Iliad and The Odyssey have been institutionalized in the Western canon and prescribed as the essential foundation of academic discourse. Yet these same myths also include a daughter sacrificed by the hand of her father, a woman raped and held hostage by the greatest of the Greeks, and a girl whose beauty launched a thousand ships and killed even more men. There is room, though, in the oeuvre of Homeric myth, for an elevation of otherwise silenced voices. Through reimagining epic narratives such as the Iliad and The Odyssey, women authors transform exclusionary texts into stories that encompass the identities reflected in contemporary society.
Dynamic Renal Scintigraphy Results of Pediatric Patients Operated Due to Unilateral Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: A Novel Approach to Overestimated Ipsilateral Differentiated Renal Function
Authors: Cansaran Sabri , Celayir Ayşenur , Moralıoğlu Serdar , Pektaş Osman Zeki , Bosnalı Oktav
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to scintigraphically investigate the preoperative and postoperative renal functions of patients operated due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction, discuss the factors affecting the indication of surgery and emphasize the important points to consider during scintigraphic examination. Method: We retrospectively analyzed pediatric cases who underwent pyeloplasty due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Patients operated for primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction whose preoperative and postoperative dynamic scintigraphy results could be obtained were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as those with <50% and ≥50% ipsilateral differentiated renal function. The difference between the groups was considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: The median ages of 36 cases in <50% DRF group and 24 cases in ≥50% DRF group were 7.7 months and 8.5 months, respectively. The mean ipsilateral differentiated renal function values of the main groups were significantly different from each other both in the preoperative and postoperative periods. The changes within the two main groups were also analyzed, yielding significant differences. Ipsilateral differentiated renal function changes on a general, group and subgroup basis, and preoperative ultrasound findings of the ipsilateral kidney in subgroups were revealed. Conclusion: Increased hydronephrosis degree and renal pelvis anterior-posterior diameter are closely related to overestimated ipsilateral kidney function. For deciding on surgery in patients with ureteral obstruction, scintigraphic examinations make sense with the help of US and the clinical condition of the patient.
Medical Faculty Students' Attitudes, Behaviors and Beliefs About Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kılıç Osman Hasan Tahsin , Anıl Murat , Göksu Merziye Gökçe , Varol Umut , Güvendi Güven , Haytabey Bahadır , Çoban İstemihan , Dirim Mete Berna
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs of medical faculty students about the covid-19 pandemic. Methods: Between 29/03/2020 and 04/13/2020 a total of 1,332 students had been questioned in three Turkish speaking countries (Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus). Results: The average age of the students were 20.1 ± 1.6. Among all 895 (67.7%) of them were female and 427 (32.3%) were male. 1020 (77.2%) of the studens were in Turkey, 195 (14.8%) were in Azerbaijan and 107 (8.1%) were in the TRNC. 104 of the students (7.9%) had a chronic disease. It was found that number of alcohol and cigarette users decreased significantly during the pandemic. (p <0.001, p <0.001). Anxiety levels of those who quit or reduced smoking were found to be higher than those who increased or did not change their amount of smoking (p=0.034). It was found that the most benefited sources were “their faculty lecturers” (n=453, 34.3%), “Worldometer ® website” (n= 449, 34%) and “Youtube videos” (n=396, 30%). Conclusion: Longitudinal studies are needed on the effects of pandemic on alcohol and tobacco use. It is important to educate future physicians in social media literacy, interpretation and responsibilities for social media posts. In this way, perhaps we can contribute to minimize the public’s erroneous beliefs and maladaptive behaviors regarding the pandemic and reduce stigmatizing attitudes towards physicians, elders and Asians
Y Shaped Colonic Duplication Mimicking Intestinal Volvulus: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Erikçi Volkan Sarper
Published: May 2021

Enteric duplications are rare congenital anomalies found anywhere from mouth to anus. Colonic duplications constitute about 13% of all enteric duplications. In this report a 6-year-old boy with chronic abdominal pain for a duration of last 2 years requiring intermittent hospital admissions was diagnosed as colonic duplication mimicking intestinal volvulus. Clinical findings are nonspecific and definitive diagnosis can only be made during surgical intervention and surgical treatment is advocated for all duplications. The topic is discussed under the light of relevant literature with a brief a brief literature review.
Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Lignocaine for Intravenous Regional Anesthesia for Forearm and Hand Surgeries: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Roychowdhury Moumita , Naz Anjum
Published: May 2021

Objective: Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) is an effective anesthetic technique for surgical procedures of short duration involving the distal parts of the limbs. Intraoperative tourniquet pain is the major restraint of this technique, and to overcome this limitation, various adjuvants to local anesthetics have been used. This study investigated the effect of a fixed low dose of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to lignocaine on intraoperative tourniquet pain, onset of block, duration of block, and patient satisfaction. Methods: A total of 100 adult patients with ASA grade I and II who were scheduled for upper limb surgery of approximately 1 hour in duration were randomly divided into two groups (n=50 in each group). Group A received 35 mL of preservative-free lignocaine alone and Group B received 35 mL of preservative-free lignocaine along with 30 μg of dexmedetomidine. The incidence of tourniquet pain, intraoperative fentanyl consumption, duration of onset and recovery of sensory and motor block after tourniquet deflation, postoperative numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) scores, duration of analgesia, and overall patient satisfaction were noted. Result: The incidence of tourniquet pain and intraoperative fentanyl consumption were significantly lower in Group B. The onset and duration of sensory and motor blocks were faster and longer, respectively, in Group B. Postoperative NPRS scores were lower, duration of analgesia was longer, and overall patient satisfaction was better in the dexmedetomidine group. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine at a dose of 30 μg as a lignocaine adjuvant significantly reduces tourniquet pain and intraoperative fentanyl consumption in IVRA. Dexmedetomidine shortens the onset of block, prolongs the duration of block, and provides a more satisfactory anesthesia than lignocaine alone.
Retrospective Analysis of Brain Death Cases
Authors: Özkan Kuşcu Özlem , Aktay Meltem
Published: May 2021

Objective: Organ transplantation is important for patients with end-stage organ failure to survive. For this reason, detection of brain death cases and adequate number of donations are necessary. Methods: 31 cases diagnosed with brain death between 01.01.2018-01.01.2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic characteristics, diagnoses causing brain death, time to detect brain death, additional tests applied for the diagnosis of brain death, time to diagnosis of brain death and cardiopulmonary arrest or donation, the proportion of families accepting organ donation, the proportion of donors, organ removed from donors the number and blood types of the cases were recorded Results: The number of cases diagnosed with brain death was 31, and the mean age of the cases was 46,71 (1-89) years. 71% (n=22) of the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit from the emergency department. The most common reason for admission to the intensive care unit 67.7% (n=21) was intracranial bleeding. While the family donation rate was 19% (n=5), three cases who accepted the donation could be donors. The mean age of the patients for whom organ donation was accepted was 35.80±11 years, while the mean age of the patients for whom organ donation was not accepted was 57.43±21.30 years (p=0.04). Conclusion: Due to the increasing number of end-stage organ failure patients awaiting transplantation, it is necessary to increase the number of cadaveric donors. Timely and sufficient detection of brain death cases, increasing the family donation rate and increasing the number of cadaveric donors will be contributed.
Estimation of Appropriate Endotracheal Tube Size in Pediatric Patients: Use of Epiphyseal Diameter of the Distal Radius and Subglottic Diameter
Authors: Altun Demet , Doruk Can , Dinçer Müşerref Beril , Güler Meltem Merve
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to test the usefulness of epiphysis of distal radius measurement as a surrogate parameter for endotracheal tube (ETT) size prediction in children. METHODS: Seventy-three children were intubated with cuffed ETT selected according to age-based formula. Transvers diameter of epiphysis of distal radius and subglottic diameter of trachea were measured by ultrasound (US). Correlation between the outer diameter of best-fit endotracheal tube and transvers diameter of both radius epiphysis and subglottic diameter were calculated. The need for tube exchange, time for ultrasound (US) measurements and the ease level of measurements were compared. RESULTS: First attempt success at intubation was 83.6%. The correlation of the epiphysis diameter of the distal radius and best-fit ETT was significant (p<0.001, r= 0.619, r2=0.383, 95% CI=0.419-0.838). Similarly the correlation of subglottic tracheal diameter and best-fit ETT was significant (p<0.001, r=0.744, r2=0.553, 95% CI=0.678-825). Estimated ETT sizes according to radial epiphysis diameter and subglottic diameter were optimal in 82.2% and 94.5% respectively. Time for the US measurements of radial epiphysis and subglottic area were 38.3±9.6 and 24.9±4.6 seconds respectively (p<0.001). The level of ease of US measurements were rated for radial epiphysis as 6 (5-9) and for subglottic area as 8 (7-9) (p<0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: US measured transverse diameter of distal radius epiphysis resulted in similar success rate to age-based formula in our child population. Subglottic diameter measured by US estimates ETT size more accurately; it is also less time consuming and easier.
EVLW and its Importance in Fluid Management
Authors: Yılmaz Hakan , Kazbek Baturay Kansu , Ekmekçi Perihan
Published: May 2021

Fluid management and optimization is one of the most frequently observed problems in anesthesiology and critical care. An ideal hemodynamic management increases oxygen supply to tissues, improves postoperative outcomes and decreases surgical costs. Extravascular lung water (EVLW) measurement has gained widespread acceptance in the early prediction and management of adverse effects caused by fluid treatment. The fundamental aim of acute circulatory failure treatment is to improve tissue perfusion and oxygenation while avoiding fluid overload. EVLW consists of extravascular interstitial, intracellular, alveolar and lymphatic fluid in the lungs and its normal values are 3-7 ml kg-1. Studies have reported that values above 10 ml kg-1 as a cut-off value points to pulmonary edema. Although the gold standard in EVLW measurement is the gravimetric method, lung ultrasound and transpulmonary thermodilution is more widely utilized since gravimetric measurement can only be performed post-mortem. EVLW measurement is expected to gain importance in the hemodynamic measurement of ALI/ARDS patients and future studies will benefit from focusing on EVLW based fluid therapy.
Mediation of Employ Satisfaction in The Influence of Employee Motivation on Organizational Excellence
Authors: Kumari Sony , Bendigeri Raghavendra Suresh , Mehta Mukund Chandra , Bhagat Lakshmi Narayan
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to introduce the concept of organizational excellence, conceptualised only is 21st Century, in organizational studies and it’s relationship with employee motivation and employee satisfaction in the case of an Indian public sector organization in coal sector. The study is based on primary data collected from 50 sample respondents (i.e. executives) using well-structured questionnaire of Likert type. The cross – sectional Likert scale prepared for each of 50 respondents, as per the respondent’s perceptions revealed towards employee motivation, employee satisfaction and organizational excellence, and used for further statistical analysis. The standard statistical methods like regression, t-test, F-test and Sobal test used for testing the inter – relationships between the variables and testing the presence & significance of mediation effect. Empirical findings confirming significantly positive association between employee motivation, employee satisfaction and organizational excellence and mediation effect of employee satisfaction in explaining the relationship between employee motivation and organizational excellence provides extension in the existing knowledge in the field of organizational studies and fulfils the research gape that existed in the coal sector. The validation of organizational excellence scale in the Indian context may also be considered as a noble attempt in this field. Limitations and suggestions for further researches also indicated.
KNN (K-NEAREST NEIGHBOUR) PENERAPAN ALGORITMA KNN (K-NEAREST NEIGHBOUR)DALAM KLASIFIKASI DATA PINJAMAN ANGGOTA KOPERASI
Authors: Deti Fusvita, Asnawati, Feri Hari Utami
Published: May 2021

Koperasi Pegawai Negeri sudah menggunakan komputer sebagai sarana atau media dalam pendukung dalam pembuatan laporan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Word dan Microsoft Excel, sehingga masih banyak ditemukan kekurangan-kekurangan dalam hal pelayanan pinjaman pada anggota koperasi.  Aplikasi klasifikasi data pinjaman anggota Koperasi Pegawai Negeri Guru-guru SD Kecamatan Seluma dibuat menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Visual Basic .Net sebagai media pembuatan aplikasi dan database SQL Server 2008 sebagai media penyimpanan hasil pengolahan data. Dalam proses klasifikasi data pinjaman anggota koperasi telah diterapkan metode K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), dimana metode ini lebih menekankan kepada hasil proses berdasarkan pola data training yang telah dibuat. Data training yang dimaksud adalah data pinjaman anggota koperasi sebelumnya yang akan menjadi trend data untuk menentukan data pinjaman anggota selanjutnya apakah diterima atau ditolak. Dalam proses klasifikasi terdapat 7 (tujuh) kriteria yang digunakan. Ke tujuh kriteria tersebut akan digunakan sebagai parameter dalam menentukan status pinjaman anggota koperasi apakah pengajuan pinjamannya diterima atau ditolak. Berdasarkan pengujian yang telah dilakukan, aplikasi mampu memberikan hasil klasifikasi data pengajuan pinjaman anggota secara otomatis dengan melihat nilai akhir dari masing-masing pinjaman anggota
Review: Effects of soil organic matters on Fenton reaction
Authors: Akbari Somayeh , Jalilian. Ahmadkalaei Segaheyedeh P
Published: May 2021

Heterogeneous Fenton reaction has been widely known to destruct organic contaminants, in its basic application definition, by applying one or more Fe2+ or Fe3+-containing source(s) with hydrogen peroxide for producing the strong hydroxyl radicals. Comprehensive experiments in the Fenton reaction area have been done for over 100 years, and considerable progress has been achieved. Achieved removal efficiency by Fenton reaction is usually studied by evaluating the effects of parameters such as initial reagents concentrations, pH, and soil organic matter (SOM). Among them, the results related to the effect of SOM sometimes seem conflicting, as its effects are reported either promoting or inhibiting and sometimes both. Reaction parameters such as initial reagents and pH are the most studied and effective ones in evaluating the effects of SOM on Fenton reaction for organic pollutants. This review intends to give a comprehensive survey of the impact of SOM on the Fenton reaction, with the focus on the heterogeneous Fenton reaction in the soil and solid. For this purpose, the general effects of pH and initial reagents on the Fenton reaction are reviewed in the beginning
Analysis of Factors That Affecting to Human Development Index in North Sumatra
Authors: Pardede Nadya Wiandita , . Irsad , . Rujiman
Published: May 2021

This research is to determine human development index in North Sumatra. The research used quantitative method and the data consisted of secondary data obtained directly from Statistics of North Sumatra. The research objects were 33 districts/towns in North Sumatra. This study uses secondary data obtained directly from Statistics of North Sumatra. The research used panel data, the combination of time series and cross section data within 6 years, from 2014 until 2019. Variables used are Economic Growth, Poverty and Direct Expenditure per Capita. Analysis method in this research using Fixed Effect Model (FEM) using Eviews 10 as an estimation tool. The results showed that Economic Growth has a significant negative effect on Human Development Index, Poverty has a significant negative on Human Development Index and Direct Expenditure per Capita has a significant positif on Human Development Index. Then the relationship between Economic Growth, Poverty and Direct Expenditure per Capita with Human Development Index 97,70% and 2,30% other explained by other factors not mentioned in this model.

Keywords: Human Development Index, Economic Growth, Poverty, Direct Expenditure per Capita.
Cooperative Learning in Nursing Education: A Review
Authors: Abraham Raymol Rahel
Published: May 2021

Nurses are the backbone of the healthcare team. They must be able to work cooperatively with the other members of the health team and should use their critical thinking and analytical skills in the clinical area. Nursing education must use active learning strategies to equip the student nurses with these abilities. Cooperative learning methods can ensure active participation of the student nurses in the teaching learning process. This article reviews the scope of cooperative learning methods in Nursing education and its advantages for the Nursing students.

Keywords: Cooperative learning, Nursing education, Nursing students.
Autonomic Dysfunction Following Neurotoxic Snake Envenomation: Does Site of Bite Predispose?
Authors: Bala Anju , Bhardwaj Parul , Garg Vipan
Published: May 2021

South Asian subcontinent is among the highest burden areas in respect of snake bite. India is commonest place in this subcontinent with mortality following snake envenomation. The four most important venomous snakes in India are cobra (Naja naja) and common krait (Bungarus caeruleus), which are neurotoxic, and the saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) and Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii), which are hemotoxic1. Various autonomic dysfunction following neuro-paralytic envenomation with krait and cobra has been reported. Timely recognition and appropriate management of snake envenomation along with autonomic dysfunction helps to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Keywords: Autonomic dysfunction, hypertension, antisnake venom, blood pressure.
Nursing as a Profession beyond Tropes of the Image among Public, Media, and the Identity Crisis: A Discussion Paper
Authors: Kumar Mahendra
Published: May 2021

The image of nursing is impoverished since the hundred years of professional identity of this age-old profession. Nursing image among the public is relying on the image of nursing in media. Nurses are vital members of the health care team and work tirelessly to provide quality care to the patient. A professional image is pivotal to motivate people to have nursing as a career choice. Nurses are central resources of any health institution and their role as a carer is crucial to push the quality of care and health outcomes of health services. Nurses are known to work with compassion and competence with the patient’s best interest in mind having good academic knowledge and understanding of their work with evidence-based practice. Nurses facing an identity crisis as professional and likely sources are neglecting behavior of media and public image of nursing as assistant of physicians. The nursing profession is facing new challenges part from biased policies of the government, on the public forum as an independent professional.

Keywords: Nursing, Professionalism, Media, Society, Image, Physicians.
A Comparative Study to Assess the Level of Anxiety among Primi Gravida Mothers Planned for Normal Vaginal Delivery and Caesarean Section in the Selected Hospital, Agartala, West Tripura
Authors: Nath Ishita
Published: May 2021

A comparative study was conducted among 100 primi gravida mothers (50 mothers in each group) from MCH clinic and IPD of IGM hospital, Agartala, West Tripura, who had planned for normal vaginal delivery and caesarean section. Research approach used was non experimental quantitative approach and research design was descriptive comparative design. Purposive sampling technique was used to draw the sample. Socio demographic data and modified Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale were used to collect data from the samples through interview method. Analysis revealed that 52% of the primi gravida who had planned for caesarean section and 44% mothers who had planned for normal vaginal delivery had mild symptoms of anxiety. Mean anxiety score of the mothers who planned for caesarean section and normal vaginal delivery was 27.3 and 19.7 respectively, median 28.855 and 18.915 respectively and SD 7.0715 and 8.038 respectively. The mean difference was 7.6 and unpaired ‘t’ value was 5.0198, which was significant at p<0.05. Analysis of variance result showed that there was significant association between the level of anxiety of the primi gravida mothers who had planned for caesarean section with their selected socio demographic variable ‘occupation of husband’. The calculated ‘F’ value was 3.33 at p<0.05. The researcher concluded that the primi gravida mothers who had planned for caesarean section had more anxiety than the mothers who had planned for normal vaginal delivery and the anxiety level of the mothers who had planned for caesarean section was dependent on selected demographic variable occupation of the husband.

Keywords:Anxiety, primi gravida, normal vaginal delivery, caesarean section.
La citerne El-Nabih à Alexandrie : un exemple d'utilisation de la photogrammétrie, de la lasergrammétrie et du modèle 3D sur un chantier de fouille archéologique
Authors: Borel Laurent
Published: May 2021

Parmi les grands réservoirs publics de la fin de la période médiévale, que compte encore la ville d'Alexandrie, l'un d'entre eux fait l'objet d'une étude architecturale et archéologique approfondie. Entreprise en 2003 par le Centre d'Études Alexandrines (CEAlex), en collaboration avec le Service égyptien des Antiquités, l'analyse de la citerne el-Nabih a fait appel, dans un premier temps, à la mise en œuvre des outils traditionnellement utilisés par les archéologues et les architectes sur les chantiers de fouilles. Ce n'est qu'à partir du printemps 2008, à la suite de notre rencontre avec Yves Egels, Ingénieur général à l'Institut Géographique National (IGN), et à la dotation par le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) d'un scanner laser 3D (Trimble GXTM), que notre équipe a pu envisager d'utiliser la photogrammétrie et la lasergrammétrie en complément des levés manuels précédemment réalisés. L'irruption récente de ces technologies dans le domaine de l'archéologie nous a permis d'entrevoir, avec l'exemple du chantier de la citerne el-Nabih, l'étendue des potentialités que nous apportaient ces nouveaux outils dans nos travaux de recherche. Une fois nos besoins clairement définis, c'est grâce à l'échange entre les utilisateurs que nous étions devenus et les «producteurs de méthodes», que nous avons pu optimiser et adapter l'outil afin qu'il réponde au mieux à nos attentes. Cette communication porte sur l'utilisation de la photogrammétrie et de la lasergrammétrie dans l'étude architecturale et archéologique de la citerne el-Nabih. Nous abordons, en premier lieu, les caractéristiques du site, les outils et méthodes mis en œuvre et les difficultés rencontrées.Dans un second temps, nous faisons le point sur l'apport de ces techniques avant de conclure sur les perspectives qu'elles offrent dans notre domaine de recherche.
Des techniques pour analyser le patrimoine archéologique monumental : le cas du temple d'Opet à Karnak
Authors: Laroze Emmanuel
Published: May 2021

Les techniques appliquées au relevé dans le domaine des études architecturales, ne cessent de se perfectionner. L'archéologue du bâti dispose de nos jours des moyens variés que sont la photogrammétrie, la lasergrammétrie, et tout autant le dessin traditionnel. La capacité à produire plus rapidement une documentation extrêmement précise, implique néanmoins quelques changements en termes de méthodologie. Les nouvelles techniques de relevé tendent à produire des images plus fidèles au sujet -que l'on pourra penser plus "objectives"- mais pourraient s'éloigner de leur vocation analytique initiale : si le dessin manuel organisait les données tout en les enregistrant, l'automatisation partielle des technologies ne permet pas d'opérer cette sélection première de l'information. Il est par conséquent intéressant de se questionner sur leur pertinence, en fonction des contextes et des programmes. L'étude architecturale menée sur le temple ptolémaïque d'Opet à Karnak en Haute-Égypte a permis d'apporter quelques réflexions sur le sujet. Le relevé complet du monument a mis en œuvre différentes techniques telles que le scannage 3d ou le redressement de photographies. Leur utilisation sur ce chantier archéologique contribue à dresser une réflexion critique sur leur utilisation et leur efficacité.
The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Mission: first results and achievements
Authors: Kerr Yann , Waldteufel Philippe , Wigneron Jean-Pierre , Boutin Jacqueline , Reul Nicolas , Al Bitar Ahmad , Leroux Delphine , Mialon Arnaud , Richaume Philippe , Mecklenburg Susanne
Published: May 2021

La mission SMOS (Soil moisture and Ocean Salinity) a été lancée avec succès le 2 novembre 2009. Cette mission menée par l'ESA (Agence Spatiale Europénne) est dédiée à la mesure de l'humidité superficielle des sols sur les continents (avec une précision recherchée de 0,04m3/m3) et la salinité des océans (objectif 0.1psu). Ces deux quantités géophysiques sont très importantes car elle contrôle le budget énergétique à l'interface sol-atmosphère. Leur connaissance à l'échelle globale est utile pour les recherches sur le climat et la météorologie, en particulier pour les modèles de prévision numérique. Elles ont aussi un très grand potentiel un très grand nombre d'application, comme par exemple pour le suivi des ouragans ou la gestion des ressources en eau. Les six premiers mois ont été dédiés à la recette en vol qui a permis de vérifier le satellite le segment sol et l'étalonnage. Cette phase s'est achevée avec succès en mai 2010 et SMOS fonctionne de façon opérationnelle depuis, fournissant de données à la communauté internationale. Les performances de l'instrument sont globalement conformes aux spécifications. Cependant, les interférences radio sont présentes au-dessus de l'Europe, du Moyen-Orient et de l'Asie. Cesémissions parasites dans la bande protégée perturbent la mesure de façon significative. La génération des produits de niveau 2 et 3 est une activité en cours avec des améliorations régulières de sorties.