bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tackling the cancer burden: the economic impact of primary prevention policies
Authors: Cheatley Jane , Aldea Alexandra , Lerouge Aliénor , Devaux Marion , Vuik Sabine , Cecchini Michele
Published: October 2020

Cancer is a noncommunicable disease (NCD) with increasing incidence and therefore constitutes a major public health issue. To reduce the health and economic burden of cancer, policy‐makers across the world have implemented a range of preventative interventions targeting risk factors with a known link to the disease. In this article, we examine the impact of six primary prevention interventions – related to physical inactivity, unhealthy diet or harmful alcohol use – on cancer‐related health outcomes and healthcare expenditure. Here, we used the OECD Strategic Public Health Planning for NCDs (SPHeP‐NCDs) model to quantify outcomes and costs for each intervention for years 2020–2050 across 37 countries. Results from the model indicate that all interventions could lead to a reduction in the number of new cancer cases, in particular those targeting harmful alcohol consumption. Introducing an alcohol tax, for instance, is estimated to reduce related cancer cases by 5619 a year or 174 193 by 2050. A breakdown of results by type of cancer revealed interventions had the largest impact on colorectal cancer with, on average, 41 140 cases avoided per intervention by 2050. In proportional terms, interventions had the greatest impact on new oesophageal and liver cancers. Findings from this article are designed to assist decision‐makers efficiently allocate limited resources to meet public health objectives.
Intracellular microRNA expression patterns influence cell death fates for both necrosis and apoptosis
Authors: Sato Akira , Yamamoto Akihiro , Shimotsuma Akira , Ogino Yoko , Funayama Naoki , Takahashi Yui , Hiramoto Akiko , Wataya Yusuke , Kim Hye‐Sook
Published: October 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that interact with target mRNAs at specific sites to induce cleavage of the mRNA or inhibit translation. Such miRNAs play a vital role in gene expression and in several other biological processes, including cell death. We have studied the mechanisms regulating cell death (necrosis in original F28‐7 cells and apoptosis in their variant F28‐7‐A cells) in the mouse mammary tumor cell line FM3A using the anticancer agent floxuridine (FUdR). We previously reported that inhibition of heat‐shock protein 90 by the specific inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) in F28‐7 cells causes a shift from necrosis to apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the intracellular miRNA expression profiles of FUdR‐treated F28‐7 cells (necrotic condition), GA plus FUdR‐treated F28‐7 cells (apoptotic condition), and FUdR‐treated F28‐7‐A cells (apoptotic condition) through miRNA microarray analysis. In addition, we knocked down Dicer, a key molecule for the expression of mature miRNAs, in F28‐7 cells to examine whether it modulates FUdR‐induced cell death. Our analysis revealed that the miRNA expression patterns differ significantly between these cell death conditions. Furthermore, we identified miRNA candidates that regulate cell death. Knockdown of Dicer in FUdR‐treated necrosis‐fated cells caused a partial shift from necrosis to apoptosis. These findings suggest that modulation of miRNA expression patterns influences the decision of cell death fate toward necrosis or apoptosis. Our findings may serve as a basis for further study of the functions of miRNAs in cell death mechanisms.
Effect of Microalloyed Al on Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviors of As‐Cast Mg–Zn–Y–Mn Alloys
Authors: Zhang Longlong , Zhang Jinshan , Zhao Rui , Zhang Jiaxin , Xu Chunxiang
Published: October 2020

The effect of Al microalloying on microstructure and corrosion behaviors of as‐cast Mg–6Zn–8.16Y–2.02Mn is investigated. Microstructural characterization reveals that Al addition can refine grain and lead to the formation of Al(Y, Zn) phase. When a 0.3 wt% Al is added, the alloy exhibits the lowest weight loss rate of 0.99 mm/Y and displays relatively uniform corrosion morphology. However, alloys with more Al addition present localized corrosion on the surface. It results from more W phase (Mg3Zn3Y2) and a little long‐period stacking order (LPSO) phase along the grain boundary. Electrochemical tests are also used to rationalize the corrosion behaviors observed in weight loss. In conclusion, the decrease in corrosion rate is due to grain refinement, optimal quantification of Al(Y, Zn) with short‐rod shape and LPSO phase.
Nanoscale Mapping of Photo‐Induced Charge Carriers Generated at Interfaces of a Donor/Acceptor 2D‐Assembly by Light‐Assisted‐Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Lombana Andrés , Battaglini Nicolas , Zrig Samia , Lagoute Jérôme , Chevillot‐Biraud Alexandre , Lang Philippe
Published: October 2020

Charge transfers between donor (D) and acceptor (A) species at their excited state in a light‐assisted STM setup (LA‐STM) are investigated. Through an all‐solution process, supramolecular architectures deposited on the Au(111) surface and made of 2D islands of PC71BM (electron acceptor) on top of a single layer of the polymer PTB7 (electron donor) are elaborated. The STM junction under modulated laser irradiation exhibits a strong background of photothermal signal attributed both to vertical and lateral expansion of the tip. However, from the analysis of differential images obtained at opposite voltages, additional photocurrent peaks located at the PTB7/PC71BM interfaces are detected, providing evidence for active charge transfer between D/A species at their excited state. This phenomenon is discussed in the framework of a charge transport model at interfaces in organic electronics systems.
Feral rye control in quizalofop‐resistant wheat in central Great Plains
Authors: Kumar Vipan , Liu Rui , Manuchehri Misha R. , Westra Eric P. , Gaines Todd A. , Shelton Chad W.
Published: October 2020

Feral rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the most troublesome winter annual grass weed species in semi‐arid winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production systems across the central Great Plains (CGP). Lack of effective herbicide options further complicates the selective control of feral rye in winter wheat. The main objectives of this research were: (a) determine the sensitivity response of 10 feral rye populations collected from Kansas wheat fields to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl in a dose‐response assay, and (b) to determine the effectiveness of various rates and application timings (fall or spring) of quizalofop‐p‐ethyl for feral rye control in quizalofop‐resistant winter wheat in the CGP. Dose‐response assays indicated that all tested feral rye populations were highly sensitive to quizalofop‐p‐ethyl with GR90 values (doses of quizalofop‐p‐ethyl needed for 90% reductions in shoot biomass at 3 wk after treatment) ranging from 33 to 72 g a.i. ha−1. A field study conducted in Colorado, Kansas, and Oklahoma for a total of 5 site‐years indicated that quizalofop‐p‐ethyl applied at ≥77 g a.i. ha−1 in the fall or spring provided season‐long feral rye control at 92–100% in quizalofop‐resistant winter wheat. Irrespective of tested rates and application timings, a quizalofop‐p‐ethyl treatment protected winter wheat yield loss of 17–27% due to reduced feral rye competition compared to the nontreated weedy check in Colorado and Oklahoma. Results suggested that quizalofop‐p‐ethyl at labelled use rates (77–92 g a.i. ha−1) applied in fall or spring can provide effective feral rye control in quizalofop‐resistant winter wheat.
A novel adaptive sampling based methodology for feasible region identification of compute intensive models using artificial neural network
Authors: Metta Nirupaplava , Ramachandran Rohit , Ierapetritou Marianthi
Published: October 2020

Identification of feasible region of operations in multivariate processes is a problem of interest in several fields. This is particularly challenging when the process model is black‐box in nature and/or is computationally expensive, as analytical solutions are not available and the number of possible model evaluations is limited. An efficient methodology is required to identify samples where the model is evaluated for developing a computationally efficient surrogate model. In this work, an artificial neural network based surrogate model is proposed which is integrated with a statistical‐based approach (Jack‐knifing) to estimate the variance of the surrogate model prediction. This allows implementation of an adaptive sampling approach where new samples are identified close to the feasible region boundary or in regions of high prediction uncertainty. The proposed approach performs better than a previously published kriging based method for different dimensionality case studies.
Field methods and strategies for assessing female reproductive functioning
Authors: Vitzthum Virginia J.
Published: October 2020

A detailed understanding of female reproductive functioning is important to many disciplines including anthropology, evolutionary theory, demography, psychology, and biomedicine. In this article, I describe strategies and methods that have been used successfully in community‐based studies of human reproduction, many in remote locales, to produce high quality biomarker data. These techniques are applicable to a wide range of research questions and populations, and to persons from adolescence through senescence. I give particular attention to the inherent challenges imposed by the cyclical and somewhat unpredictable nature of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐ovarian axis including the necessity and difficulty of ascertaining the timing and occurrence of ovulation, the limits of different sampling regimes for capturing fluctuations in reproductive hormones, and the critical importance of recognizing and, when possible, reducing selection bias. I discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of collecting saliva, urine, and dried blood spots, and describe some of the subtleties involved in collecting contamination‐free samples. Once samples are collected, they must be stored in a manner that minimizes degradation; I describe techniques to keep samples cold even without access to electricity or dry ice. I also discuss various issues that should be considered during initial discussions with a laboratory and when samples are assayed by the laboratory. I include examples of techniques that have worked well in actual field studies, and examples of flawed analytical approaches that should be avoided. With these and other tools, even under technology‐sparse conditions, researchers can investigate variability in human physiology across the breadth of human habitats.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Propargylic Substitution of Propargylic Alcohol Derivatives Bearing an Internal Alkyne Group
Authors: Tsuji Hiroaki , Kawatsura Motoi
Published: October 2020

The development of the transition‐metal‐catalyzed propargylic substitution of propargylic alcohol derivatives is one of the active research subjects in organic synthesis. In this minireview, we summarize the catalytic propargylic substitution of propargylic alcohol derivatives bearing an internal alkyne group using a transition metal as the catalyst. Although the asymmetric propargylic substitution of the substrate class still underdeveloped, some transition metal catalyses using nickel, palladium, and copper, and the cooperative catalysis enabled the challenging transformation. A various types of transition‐metal catalysts are known to promote the non‐asymmetric propargylic substitution of the internal alkyne‐substituted propargylic alcohol derivatives via a propargylic cation intermediate, realizing the carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bond formation at the propargylic position.
Preparation of Complexes Bearing N‐Alkylated, Anionic or Protic CAACs Through Oxidative Addition of 2‐Halogenoindole Derivatives
Authors: Termühlen Sebastian , Blumenberg Jonas , Hepp Alexander , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Hahn F. Ekkehardt
Published: October 2020

CAAC precursors 2‐chloro‐3,3‐dimethylindole 1 and 2‐chloro‐1‐ethyl‐3,3‐dimethylindolium tetrafluoroborate 2BF4 have been prepared and oxidatively added to [M(PPh3)4] (M=Pd, Pt). Salt 2BF4 reacts with [Pd(PPh3)4] in toluene at 25 °C over 4 days to yield complex cis‐[3]BF4 featuring an N‐ethyl substituted CAAC, two cis‐arranged phosphines and a chloro ligand. Compound trans‐[3]BF4 was obtained from the same reaction at 80 °C over 1 day. Salt 2BF4 reacts with [Pt(PPh3)4] to give cis‐[4]BF4. The neutral indole derivative 1 adds oxidatively to [Pt(PPh3)4] to give trans‐[5] featuring a CAAC ligand with an unsubstituted ring‐nitrogen atom. This nitrogen atom has been protonated with py⋅HBF4 to give trans‐[6]BF4 bearing a protic CAAC ligand. The PdII complex trans‐[7]BF4 bearing a protic CAAC ligand was obtained in a one‐pot reaction from 1 and [Pd(PPh3)4] in the presence of py⋅HBF4.
Ausgedehnte, benzanellierte Oligo‐BODIPYs: In nur drei Schritten zu einer Serie planarer, bogenförmiger Nahinfrarot‐Farbstoffe
Authors: Patra Atanu , Patalag Lukas J. , Jones Peter G. , Werz Daniel B.
Published: October 2020

Wir präsentieren eine einfache Dreistufensynthese, welche anhand eines Oligomerisierungs‐ und anschließenden Oxidationsschrittes zu vollständig konjugierten, benzanellierten Oligo‐BODIPYs führt, ausgehend von üblichen BODIPY‐Vorstufen. FeCl3 dient hierbei als effizientes, bifunktionales Oxidans, um einen mehrstufigen Cyclisierungs‐ und Unsättigungsprozess im Eintopfverfahren anzustoßen. Angewendet auf ethylenverbrückte dimere, trimere und oligomere Spezies überführt dieser Ansatz flexible Ethanoeinheiten in versteifende Benzanellierungen zwischen den unsubstituierten β‐Positionen einzelner BODIPY‐Untereinheiten. Die strukturelle Integrität wurde mittels Röntgenstrukturanalyse verifiziert, und alle Verbindungen wurden einer detaillierten photophysikalischen sowie elektro‐ und computerchemischen Analyse unterzogen. Die Anregungsenergie des dominanten S1‐Zustandes konvergiert schrittweise an ein strukturspezifisches Absorptionslimit, was sich in einer ausgeprägten Rotverschiebung von ca. 500 nm (BODIPY‐Monomer) bis hin zu 955 nm (Oktamer) mit Extinktionskoeffizienten von ca. 500 000 m−1 cm−1 widerspiegelt.
A Dinuclear Persulfide‐Bridged Ruthenium Compound is a Hypoxia‐Selective Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Donor
Authors: Woods Joshua J. , Wilson Justin J.
Published: October 2020

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous molecule that has received attention for its role in biological processes and therapeutic potential in diseases, such as ischemic reperfusion injury. Despite its clinical relevance, delivery of H2S to biological systems is hampered by its toxicity at high concentrations. Herein, we report the first metal‐based H2S donor that delivers this gas selectively to hypoxic cells. We further show that H2S release from this compound protects H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts from an in vitro model of ischemic reperfusion injury. These results validate the utility of redox‐activated metal complexes as hypoxia‐selective H2S‐releasing agents for use as tools to study the role of this gaseous molecule in complex biological systems.
Readily accessible mesoporous silica nanoparticles supported chiral urea‐amine bifunctional catalysts for enantioselective reactions
Authors: Gök Yaşar , Aykut İrem Tutkum , Gök Halil Zeki
Published: October 2020

The main objective of this study is to develop readily accessible and recyclable solid catalysts for enantioselective reactions. To achieve this, magnetic MCM‐41 and non‐magnetic SBA‐15 mesoporous supports were prepared, then mesoporous silica supported chiral urea‐amine bifunctional catalysts were synthesized by grafting of chiral urea‐amine ligand onto SBA‐15 and magnetic MCM‐41. The magnetic and non‐magnetic supports and so‐prepared solid catalysts were characterized by using different methods such as N2 sorption measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), field emission scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (FESEM‐EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results showed that (1R, 2R) or (1S, 2S)‐1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diamine was successively immobilized onto magnetic MCM‐41 and SBA‐15 pores. The heterogeneous chiral solid catalysts and their homogenous counterparts exhibited high activities both enantioselective transfer hydrogenation reaction (up to 99% conversion and 65% ee) and enantioselective Michael reaction (up to 98% conversion and 26% ee). Moreover, the SBA‐15 supported solid catalysts were separated from the reaction mixture by simple filtration, whereas the magnetic MCM‐41 supported solid catalysts were separated by simple magnetic decantation and reused in three consecutive catalytic experiments.
A facile approach to prepare cage‐ladder‐structure phosphorus‐containing amino‐functionalized POSS for enhancing flame retardancy of epoxy resins
Authors: Li Shengnan , Zhao Xiaojuan , Zhang Yu , Yang Xin , Yu Ran , Zhang Ying , Deng Kuilin , Huang Wei
Published: October 2020

The cage‐ladder‐structure phosphorus‐containing amino‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquinoxanes (CLNH2‐POSS) have been synthesized through a facile catalyst‐free hydrolytic condensation of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide‐vinyltrimethoxysilane (DOPO‐VTMS) with 3‐aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (KH540). The successful preparation of CLNH2‐POSS has been proven by the characterization of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR, 29Si‐NMR), matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI‐TOF), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Then flame retardant (FR) epoxy resins (EPs) were prepared by the addition of different content of CLNH2‐POSS into EPs with thermal curing technology. The CLNH2‐POSS showed good solubility in EP matrix. The well‐dispersed CLNH2‐POSS contributed to thermal, mechanical, and FR properties of EP. Dynamic scanning calorimetry nonisothermal curing scans showed that CLNH2‐POSS had accelerating effect on the curing of EP. With the addition of only 3 wt% CLNH2‐POSS (0.30% phosphorus loading), the limiting oxygen index value of the EP composite increased from 25.5 of pure EP to 31.8, and vertical burning (UL‐94) V‐0 ratings was achieved. In addition, the EP composites showed improved thermal and mechanical properties. The investigations on char residue and pyrolysis volatiles of cured EP further revealed that CLNH2‐POSS exerted FR effects in condensed and gas phase simultaneously.
Mechanically strong waterborne poly(urethane‐urea) films and nanocomposite films
Authors: Špírková Milena , Pavličević Jelena , Aguilar Costumbre Yareni , Hodan Jiří , Urbanová Martina , Krejčíková Sabina
Published: October 2020

A series of transparent waterborne poly(urethane‐urea) (PUU) films and nanocomposite films were prepared using isocyanate excess (5–50 mol% excess relative to the hydroxyl groups) and omitting the common chain‐extension step in the acetone method of the preparation. The surplus isocyanate groups were converted into urea and eventually biuret linkages via the reaction with water during the last phase inversion step. Nanocomposites were prepared by the direct mixing of the PUU nanoparticles in water with aqueous nanosilica or montmorillonite powder followed by slow water evaporation. Variable urea/biuret content is responsible for substantially different tensile properties; the neat organic films show elongation‐at‐break values of 100%–1120%, tensile strength values of 0.07–22.1 MPa, and energy‐to‐break of 0.1–85 mJ × mm−3. All of the materials can be potentially used as soft‐to‐hard topcoats, depending on the specific demands. The most promising materials are films prepared at 30 and particularly 40 mol% isocyanate excess.
Three dimensional polyurethane/ hydroxyapatite bioactive scaffolds: The role of hydroxyapatite on pore generation
Authors: Nasrollah Seyyed Ahmad Seyyed , Najmoddin Najmeh , Mohammadi Mohsen , Fayyaz Abdolali , Nyström Bo
Published: October 2020

Fabrication of a suitable scaffold with highly interconnected and well‐distributed pores for cell proliferation and growth in the field of bone tissue engineering is of high importance. In this study, three‐dimensional porous polyurethane (PU) scaffolds, with 0, 15, 25, and 32 wt% hydroxyapatite (HA), were fabricated. In this regard, HA was incorporated into PU constituents prior to starting in‐situ polymerization of PU. Porosity and density measurement of the scaffolds revealed that higher amount of HA in the scaffolds led to increasing the former and decreasing the latter quantity. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images revealed that by increasing HA content, the pore size showed a descending trend while the number of pores increased. This would be attributed to the type of interactions between HA and PU, and the role of HA in pore formation. Mechanical test revealed that Young's Modulus of the samples was reduced by increasing scaffold porosity caused by the increase of HA content. Bioactivity tests in the simulated body fluid (SBF) showed the ability of scaffolds forming apatite precipitates. MTT assay showed that by increasing HA content, MG63 osteoblast cell viability increased and FESEM images revealed proper attachment of the cells to the scaffold surface.
Genomics, transcriptomics, and peptidomics of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) neuropeptides
Authors: Shi Yan , Li JiangJie , Li LinYu , Lin GanLin , Bilal Amir M. , Smagghe Guy , Liu Tong‐Xian
Published: October 2020

Neuropeptides control many physiological and behavioral processes, and so they are functionally important classes of cell‐to‐cell signaling molecules. Nowadays, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in the world. In this study, we mined the publicly accessible genome assembly data for S. frugiperda, and the transcriptomic and proteomic data of the larval central nervous system (CNS) for putative neuropeptide‐encoding, and subsequently we used these to anticipate a peptidome for this species. In essence, we could identify 57 orthologs of insect neuropeptides, including Allatotropin, CCHamide, Corazonin, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide, short neuropeptide F, Trissin, and Natalisin. Interesting features for S. frugiperda were the absence of genes coding for CNMamide, Elevein, and the differential evolution of ancestral neuropeptide genes such as adipokinetic corazonin‐related peptide, adipokinetic hormone, Tachykinin, and Natalisin. In conclusion, our study provides the most complete neuropeptide description for the important pest S. frugiperda as a foundation to study the factors regulating insect growth, reproduction, and behavior. Second, we confirm that a comprehensive multi‐omics analysis is necessary for the identification of neuropeptides. Finally, our data provide a reliable reference for other comparative studies in other insects beyond the supermodel insect of Drosophila melanogaster and the finding of potential candidates as selective for pests versus beneficial insects.
Understanding and addressing pseudoscientific practices in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders: Considerations for applied behavior analysis practitioners
Authors: Capuano Angela M. , Killu Kim
Published: October 2020

Pseudoscientific practices are commonly used and promoted in the field of developmental disabilities. Behavior analysts should anticipate encountering such treatments in practice and understand their ethical obligations with regard to these practices. Thoughts on why pseudoscientific practices are frequently sought are presented for context in understanding this complex issue. This discussion will serve to prepare behavior analysts for how to address situations in which clients may ask behavior analysts to use pseudoscientific practices. Additionally, this discussion covers arguments for the dangers of using pseudoscientific practices, a guide to resources for information on evidence‐based practice and ethics, and ideas on how to handle a situation in which a parent or caregiver asks the behavior analyst to integrate a pseudoscientific approach into the treatment of a child with a neurodevelopmental disorder.
Stoma reversal after intended restorative rectal cancer resection in Denmark: nationwide population-based study
Authors: Jørgensen J B , Erichsen R , Pedersen B G , Laurberg S , Iversen L H
Published: October 2020

Background

Data on stoma reversal following restorative rectal resection (RRR) with a diverting stoma are conflicting. This study investigated a Danish population-based cohort of patients undergoing RRR to evaluate factors predictive of stoma reversal during 3 years of follow-up.

Methods

Patients from national registries with rectal cancer undergoing RRR or Hartmann's procedure with curative intent between May 2001 and April 2012 were included. Patients with a diverting stoma were followed from the time of primary rectal cancer resection to date of stoma reversal, death, emigration, or end of 3-year follow-up. The cumulative incidence proportion (CIP) of stoma reversal at 1 and 3 years was calculated, treating death as a competing risk. Factors predictive of stoma reversal were explored using Cox regression analysis.

Results

Of 6859 patients included, 35·7, 41·9 and 22·4 per cent respectively had a RRR with a diverting stoma, RRR without a stoma, and Hartmann's procedure with an end-colostomy. In patients with a diverting stoma, the CIP of stoma reversal was 70·3 (95 per cent c.i. 68·4 to 72·1) per cent after 1 year, and 74·3 (72·5 to 76·0) per cent after 3 years. Neoadjuvant treatment (hazard ratio (HR) 0·75, 95 per cent c.i. 0·66 to 0·85), blood loss greater than 300 ml (HR 0·86, 0·76 to 0·97), anastomotic leak (HR 0·41, 0·33 to 0·50), T3 category (HR 0·63, 0·47 to 0·83), T4 category (HR 0·62, 0·42 to 0·90) and UICC stage IV (HR 0·57, 0·41 to 0·80) were possible predictors of delayed stoma reversal.

Conclusion

In one-quarter of the patients the diverting stoma had not been reversed 3 years after the intended RRR procedure.
Alterations in blood microbiota after colonic cancer surgery
Authors: Søby J H , Watt S K , Vogelsang R P , Servant F , Lelouvier B , Raskov H , Knop F K , Gögenur I
Published: October 2020

Background

Mechanisms contributing to the perioperative stress response remain poorly understood. This study investigated changes in the amount of bacterial DNA in blood and the diversity of blood microbiota in the perioperative period in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for colonic cancer in an enhanced recovery after surgery setting.

Methods

DNA encoding the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) in whole blood obtained the day before surgery, and on postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD 10–14 was amplified and quantified by PCR before sequencing for taxonomic assignment. Richness, evenness and similarity measures were calculated to compare microbiota between days. Differences in relative abundance were analysed using the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm.

Results

Thirty patients were included between January and July 2016. The concentration of bacterial 16S rDNA in blood increased between the day before surgery and POD 1 (P = 0.025). Bacterial richness was lower on POD 10–14 than on the day before surgery and POD 1 (both P < 0·001). LEfSe analysis comparing the day before surgery and POD 10–14 identified changes in the abundance of several bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, which was relatively enriched on POD 10–14.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the blood of patients with colonic cancer harbours bacterial 16S rDNA, which increases in concentration after surgery.
Hemithyroidectomyversustotal thyroidectomy for well differentiated T1–2 N0 thyroid cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rodriguez Schaap P M , Botti M , Otten R H J , Dreijerink K M A , Nieveen van Dijkum E J M , Bonjer H J , Engelsman A F , Dickhoff C
Published: October 2020

Background

Evidence for limiting the extent of surgery in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer is lacking.

Methods

A systematic search was performed according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines to assess the effect of total thyroidectomy (TT) with or without radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment versus hemithyroidectomy (HT) on recurrence and overall mortality in patients with differentiated (papillary or follicular) T1–2 N0 thyroid cancer. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched, and two authors independently assessed the articles.

Results

A total of ten eligible articles were identified. All were observational cohort series, representing a total of 23 134 patients, of which 17 699 were available for meta-analysis. Six studies included patients who had TT followed by RAI treatment. The pooled recurrence rate after TT ± RAI and HT was 2·3 and 2·8 per cent respectively (odds ratio (OR) 1·12, 95 per cent c.i. 0·82 to 1·53; P = 0·48). The pooled 20-year overall survival rate after TT ± RAI was 96·8 per cent, compared with 97·4 per cent for HT (OR 1·30, 0·71 to 2·37; P = 0·40). Overall, higher complication rates were found in the TT ± RAI group.

Conclusion

Recurrence rates after HT for treatment of well differentiated T1–2 N0 thyroid cancer were similar to those after TT ± RAI, with a lower incidence of treatment-related complications.
Insights on entrepreneurial bricolage and frugal innovation for sustainable performance
Authors: Iqbal Qaisar , Ahmad Noor Hazlina , Halim Hasliza Abdul
Published: October 2020

Sustainable leadership plays a vital role in the integration of sustainable development. Sustainable development, in this context, is related to rapid economic development, poverty alleviation, environmental protection, and increase in social trust. Previous studies emphasized the significance of research in a sustainable mechanism, and its limitations in sustainable leadership and sustainable performance. This study aimed to enlighten managers and policymakers on a range of available opportunities such as poverty alleviation, sustainable education, and community development. Based on an integrated literature review on sustainability in the context of innovation and underlying theories, a conceptual framework on the exploration of sustainable leadership contribution to sustainable performance in the emerging market was outlined. Regarding upper‐echelon theory, it was claimed that sustainable leadership affected sustainable performance through frugal innovation. In addition to the effectuation theory, this study claimed a stronger influence of sustainable leadership on frugal innovation, with high entrepreneurial bricolage. As such, the present research has provided four propositions pending further validation. The propositions have also called for validation for future studies through empirical evidence, specifically in the emerging market. In summary, the theoretical and practical contributions to the impact of sustainable leadership on sustainable performance through frugal innovation have been duly elaborated.
Evaluation of medical practices in oncology in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic in France: Physicians’ point of view: the PRATICOVID study
Authors: Helissey Carole , Cessot Anatole , Boudin Laurys , Romeo Emile , Prieux Caroline , Ghebriou Djamel , Schernberg Antoine , Grellier Noemie , Joly Charlotte , Bauduceau Olivier , Thibault Constance , Mamou Elodie , Raynal Gauthier , Serey eiffel Sophie , Le Floch Hervé , Ricard Damien , Brureau Laurent
Published: October 2020

The cancer population seems to be more susceptible to COVID‐19 infection and have worse outcomes. We had to adapt our medical practice to protect our patients without compromising their cancer prognosis. The national PRATICOVID study aims to describe the adaptation of cancer patient care for this population. We analyzed data from nine different institutions. The primary endpoint was to assess the prevalence of adapted patient care during the pandemic. The secondary endpoints were to describe the point of view of clinicians and patients during and after the pandemic. We analyzed 435 medical procedures between 9th of March and 30th of April. Because of the COVID‐19 pandemic, 47.6% of the outpatients received modified patient care. Twenty‐four percent of scheduled surgeries were postponed, or were performed without perioperative chemotherapy, 18.4% followed a hypofractioned schedule, and 57% had an adaptive systemic protocol (stopped, oral protocol, and spacing between treatments). Seventy percent of physicians used telemedicine. During this period, 67% of the physicians did not feel distressed taking care of their patients. However, 70% of physicians are worried about the aftermath of the lockdown, as regards future patient care. The PRATICOVID study is the first to assess modification of patient care in cancer outpatients during an epidemic. With this unprecedented crisis, physicians were able to adapt their practice in order to protect their patients against the virus while ensuring continuity of patient care. But physicians are worried about the aftereffects of the lockdown specifically in regard to care pathway issues.
Keep Your Eye On…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2020

Consequences of mixing cannabis and alcohol

Lack of effectiveness of fish oil

Barriers to OUD treatment for pregnant women
Sophisticated self‐circumcision: Case report
Authors: Nagy Vincent
Published: October 2020

In this case report, we describe a unique case of a highly motivated patient who tried to solve his problem with a redundant foreskin by a sophisticated, thoughtful method. Dissatisfaction with the foreskin made it difficult for him to establish intimate contact. After studying the operation on the Internet, he performed self‐circumcision.
Diagnostic significance of adenosine deaminase in pleural effusate for primary effusion lymphoma–like lymphoma
Authors: Nakako Soichiro , Nishimura Mitsushige , Murakami Yoshiro , Mugitani Atsuko
Published: October 2020

Our case and review of the literature suggests the possibility that pleural effusate adenosine deaminase levels in patients with primary effusion lymphoma–like lymphoma (PEL‐LL) might be much higher than those in patients with other types of lymphomas and those with tuberculous pleural effusion.
Divergent Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Yaku'amide B and Its Seven E/Z Isomers
Authors: Kamiya Koichi , Miura Kensuke , Itoh Hiroaki , Inoue Masayuki
Published: October 2020

Yaku′amide B (1) inhibits cancer cell growth through a unique mechanism of action. Compound 1 binds to mitochondrial FoF1‐ATP synthase, inhibits ATP production, and enhances ATP hydrolysis. The presence of one (E)‐ and two (Z)‐α,β‐dehydroisoleucines (ΔIle) in the linear 13‐mer sequence is the most unusual structural feature of 1. To uncover the biological importance of these residues, we synthesized 1 and its seven E/Z isomers 2–8 by devising a new divergent solid‐phase strategy. Both the (E)‐ and (Z)‐ΔIle residues were stereoselectively constructed by traceless Staudinger ligation on resin to ultimately deliver 1–8. All isomers 2–8 displayed effects on the inhibition of cell growth and ATP production, and enhanced ATP hydrolysis, thus indicating that 2–8 share the same mode of action as 1. The least potent isomer, 8, was isomeric at three ΔIle residues of the most potent 1. These findings together indicate that the E/Z stereochemistry of the three ΔIle residues controls the magnitude of the biological functions of 1.
Und der Haifisch, der hat Zähne …[1]
Authors: Hetjens Bernd , Platte Frank , Scholz Peter
Published: October 2020

Physikalisch‐chemische Analysetechniken, insbesondere die Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (RFA) sowie numerische Simulationen können herangezogen werden, um die Fossilierung von Haizähnen zu beschreiben. Ein Modell für die zeitliche Entwicklung der dabei vermuteten Diffusions‐ und Umkristallisationsvorgänge wird formuliert und könnte vice versa, gegebenenfalls kombiniert mit Elementsignaturen (fingerprints), Grundlage sein, um Datierungen von Funden vorzunehmen und/oder Objekte einer Fundstätte zuzuordnen.
Heteroatom‐Doped Black Phosphorus and Its Application: A Review
Authors: He Lu‐dong , Lian Pei‐chao , Zhu Yuan‐zhi , Zhao Jun‐ping , Mei Yi
Published: October 2020

Few‐layer black phosphorus (BP) is a promising semiconductor with excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the poor stabilization and strong asymmetry between electron and hole transports hinder the application of BP. Doping of heteroatoms is an effective strategy to regulate the electronic structure and stability of BP without sacrificing its unique 2D structure, which is a promising way to tune the physicochemical properties of BP for various applications. In this review, the recent advances in doping engineering of BP are summarized, involving the theoretical prediction of new characteristic for doped BP and the corresponding experimental synthesis methods. The effects of dopant atoms on the structure and performance of BP and its related applications, such as the field‐effect transistors, optoelectronic devices, inverter devices, and catalysis, are also summarized.
Desmoid tumors: To treat or not to treat, That is the question
Authors: Kasper Bernd , Raut Chandrajit P. , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: October 2020

Desmoid tumors (DTs) are a rare disease of intermediate malignancy characterized histologically by a locally aggressive, monoclonal, fibroblastic proliferation and clinically by a variable and often unpredictable course. For decades, surgical resection has been the standard initial treatment approach; however, more recently, a paradigm shift toward a more conservative treatment strategy has been introduced. More than 5 years ago, The Desmoid Tumor Working Group started a consensus initiative in Europe with the aim of harmonizing the strategy among clinicians and setting up treatment recommendations for patients with DTs. This review summarizes the latest joint, global, evidence‐based guideline approach to DT management. Moreover, a number of gray areas in the treatment recommendations are discussed, and possible future perspectives on the treatment armamentarium for patients with DTs are presented.
On the Relationship Between the Thin Film Equation and Tanner's Law
Authors: Delgadino M. G. , Mellet A.
Published: October 2020

This paper is devoted to the asymptotic analysis of a thin film equation that describes the evolution of a thin liquid droplet on a solid support driven by capillary forces. We propose an analytic framework to rigorously investigate the connection between this model and Tanner's law, which claims: the edge velocity of a spreading thin film on a prewetted solid is approximately proportional to the cube of the slope at the inflection. More precisely, we investigate the asymptotic limit of the thin film equation when the slippage coefficient is small and at an appropriate time scale. We show that the evolution of the droplet can be approximated by a moving free boundary model (the so‐called quasi‐static approximation), and we present some results pointing to the validity of Tanner's law in that regime. Several papers have investigated a similar connection between the thin film equation and Tanner's law. Our main contribution is finding the effective self‐contained equation for the evolution of the apparent support of the droplet in the limit when the slip coefficient vanishes. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Bending Sensors Based on Thin Films of Semitransparent Bithiophene‐Fulleropyrrolidine Bisadducts
Authors: Chiappara Clara , Campisciano Vincenzo , Arrabito Giuseppe , Errico Vito , Saggio Giovanni , Buscarino Gianpiero , Scopelliti Michelangelo , Gruttadauria Michelangelo , Giacalone Francesco , Pignataro Bruno
Published: October 2020

A novel bithiophene‐fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts system (bis‐Th2PC60) was synthesized and electropolymerized by chronoamperometry onto flexible ITO/PET substrates. The resulting semitransparent thin film was characterized by XPS, FT‐IR, cyclic voltammetry and optical techniques, confirming the good outcome of the electropolymerization process. AFM investigations permitted to highlight an inherent disordered granular morphology, in which the grain‐to‐grain separation depends upon the application of bending. The electrical resistance of the thin film was characterized as a function of bending (in the range 0°–90°), showing promising responsivity to low bending angles (10°–30°). The ΔR/R0 variations turn out to be 8 %,16 % and 20 % for bending angles equal to 10°, 20° and 30°, respectively. This study represents a first step towards the understanding of piezoresistive properties in electropolymerized fullerenes‐based thin films, opening up applications as bending sensor.
Fluorescent Chromophores Containing the Nitro Group: Relatively Unexplored Emissive Properties
Authors: Chen Meng‐Chi , Chen Deng‐Gao , Chou Pi‐Tai
Published: October 2020

Apart from numerous applications, for example in azo dye precursors, explosives, and industrial processes, the nitro group (−NO2) appears on countless molecules in photochemical research owing to its unique characteristics such as a strong electron‐withdrawing ability and facile conversion to the reduced substituent. Although it is well known as a fluorescence quencher, fluorescent chromophores that contain the nitro group have also emerged, with 3‐nitrophenothiazine being recently reported to have 100 % emission quantum yield in nonpolar solvents. The diverse characters of nitro‐containing chromophores motivated us to systematically review those chromophores with nitro substituents, their associated photophysical properties, and applications. In this Review, we succinctly elaborate the advance of the fluorescent nitro chromophores in fields of intramolecular charge transfer, fluorescent probes and nonlinear properties. Special attention is paid to the rationalization of the associated emission spectroscopy, so that the readers can gain insights into the structure‐photophysics relationship and hence gain insights for the strategic design of nitro chromophores.
Transdermal Testosterone Attenuates Drug‐Induced Lengthening of Both Early and Late Ventricular Repolarization in Older Men
Authors: Tomaselli Muensterman Elena , Jaynes Heather A. , Sowinski Kevin M. , Overholser Brian R. , Shen Changyu , Kovacs Richard J. , Tisdale James E.
Published: October 2020

We have previously reported that transdermal testosterone attenuates drug‐induced QT interval lengthening in older men. However, it is unknown whether this is due to modulation of early ventricular repolarization, late repolarization, or both. In a secondary analysis of a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled three‐way crossover study, we determined if transdermal testosterone and oral progesterone attenuate drug‐induced lengthening of early and late ventricular repolarization, represented by the electrocardiographic measurements J‐Tpeakc and Tpeak‐Tend, respectively, as well as Tpeak‐Tend/QT, a measure of transmural dispersion of repolarization. Male volunteers ≥ 65 years of age (n = 14) were randomized to receive transdermal testosterone 100 mg, oral progesterone 400 mg, or matching transdermal/oral placebo daily for 7 days. On the morning following the seventh day, subjects received intravenous ibutilide 0.003 mg/kg, after which electrocardiograms were performed serially. One subject was excluded due to difficulty in T‐wave interpretation. Pre‐ibutilide J‐Tpeakc was lower during the testosterone phase than during progesterone and placebo (216 ± 23 vs. 227 ± 28 vs. 227 ± 21 ms, P = 0.002). Maximum post‐ibutilide J‐Tpeakc was also lower during the testosterone phase (233 ± 22 vs. 246 ± 29 vs. 248 ± 23 ms, P < 0.0001). Pre‐ibutilide Tpeak‐Tend was not significantly different during the three phases, but maximum post‐ibutilide Tpeak‐Tend was lower during the testosterone phase (80 ± 12 vs. 89 ± 18 vs. 86 ± 15 ms, P = 0.002). Maximum Tpeak‐Tend/QT was also lower during the testosterone phase (0.199 ± 0.023 vs. 0.216 ± 0.035 vs. 0.209 ± 0.031, P = 0.005). Progesterone exerted minimal effect on drug‐induced lengthening of J‐Tpeakc, and no effect on Tpeak‐Tend or Tpeak‐Tend/QT. Transdermal testosterone attenuates drug‐induced lengthening of both early and late ventricular repolarization in older men.
How to deal with coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive narrative review about oral involvement of the disease
Authors: Capocasale Giorgia , Nocini Riccardo , Faccioni Paolo , Donadello Dario , Bertossi Dario , Albanese Massimo , Zotti Francesca
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The aim of this narrative review was to collect all findings from literature about oral signs and symptoms of COVID‐19, in order to draw a picture of oral involvement of this challenging viral infection, to help oral professionals in a better triage and early diagnosis.

Material and methods

The search for international literature was made including articles written in English and reporting about oral manifestations in patients with a diagnosis of COVID‐19. The publication time was limited to 2019 and 2020, up to May 20, 2020. A narrative review was performed.

Results

Twenty‐three articles were included in this review. Three different oral manifestations were found: taste alteration, oral blister and ulcers, and oral lesions associated with Kawasaki‐like diseases (erythema, bleeding of lips, “strawberry tongue”). The higher expression of Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in the oral cavity and in endothelial cells might be responsible for oral manifestation and the major report of signs and symptoms in the occidental countries.

Conclusions

Detecting oral signs and symptoms of COVID‐19 could be useful to perform a better preliminary triage in dental setting, and in recognizing possible early manifestations of the disease. However, considering the outbreak of COVID‐19 and the consequent difficulty of undergoing oral examinations, the oral manifestations might be misdiagnosed; then, we would encourage oral professionals to perform other studies about this topic.
Systematic analysis of the transcriptome in small‐cell carcinoma of the oesophagus reveals its immune microenvironment
Authors: Zhao Qi , Chen Yan‐Xing , Wu Qi‐Nian , Zhang Chao , Liu Min , Wang Ying‐Nan , Feng Yan‐Fen , Hu Jia‐Jia , Fu Jian‐Hua , Yang Hong , Qi Jing‐Jing , Wang Zi‐Xian , Lu Yun‐Xin , Sheng Hui , Liu Ze‐Xian , Zuo Zhi‐Xiang , Zheng Jian , Yun Jing‐Ping , Bei Jin‐Xin , Jia Wei‐Hua , Lin Dong‐Xin , Xu Rui‐hua , Wang Feng
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Although the genomic landscape of small‐cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (SCCE) has been dissected, its transcriptome‐level aberration and immune microenvironment status are unknown.

Methods

Using ultra‐deep whole transcriptome sequencing, we analysed the expression profile of nine paired SCCE samples and compared the transcriptome with public transcriptomic data set of normal oesophageal mucosa and other cancer types. Based on the transcriptome data, the immune signatures were investigated. The genomic data of 55 SCCE samples were also applied for immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT) biomarker evaluation including microsatellite instability (MSI) status, tumor mutation burden (TMB) and neoantigen burden (TNB). Also, we evaluated the CD8, CD68 and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in 62 retrospective SCCE samples with IHC assay.

Results

Differential expression analysis revealed that the cell cycle, p53, and Wnt pathways are significantly deregulated in SCCE. Immune microenvironment analysis showed that high leucocyte infiltration and adaptive immune resistance did occur in certain individuals, while the majority showed a relatively suppressive immune status. Immune checkpoints such as CD276 and LAG‐3 were upregulated, and higher M2 macrophage infiltration in tumor tissues. Furthermore, normal tissues adjacent to the tumors of SCCE presented a more activated inflammatory status than tumor‐free healthy controls. These observations showed that ICBT might benefit SCCE patients. As the critical biomarker of ICBT, TMB of SCCE was 3.64 with the predictive objective response rate 13.2%, while the PD‐L1‐positive rate was 43%.

Conclusions

Our study systematically characterized the immune microenvironment in small‐cell carcinoma of the esophagus and provided evidence that several patients with SCCE may benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy.