bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐short‐term wind speed forecasting method based on spatial and temporal correlation models
Authors: Haiqiang Zhou , Yusheng Xue , Jizhu Guo , Jiehui Chen
Published: December 2017

An ultra‐short‐term wind speed forecasting method based on spatial and temporal correlation models is proposed. Firstly, the temporal correlation model was studied. The generalised distance of wind speed time series is defined based on the dynamic time warping distance and correlation coefficient. Samples with similar wind dynamic patterns are classed into the same group. Time series in one group are depicted with a representative time series which is modelled by an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. For time series which cannot be classed to any of these groups, a special group was defined. It was modelled by artificial neural network (ANN). Secondly, the spatial correlation between the target wind farm and the reference wind farm was investigated with the meteorological data taking into consideration. The grey prediction method is utilised to predict the wind speed. Finally, the combined ultra‐short‐term wind speed forecasting method is proposed. It takes into account the inherent time correlation of the target wind speed and its spatial correlation with reference wind farm. The wind speed prediction of wind farms in northwest USA verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Dynamic characteristics of DFIG frequency oscillation of wind turbines with virtual inertia control
Authors: Ma Jing , Shen Yaqi , Zhang Yongxin
Published: December 2017

With the conventional power supply being replaced by a large number of wind power and the investment of ultra‐high‐voltage transmission channels, the operating characteristics of the power system have undergone profound changes, and the characteristics of power electronics have become increasingly evident. The dynamic characteristics of DFIG (double‐fed induction generator) with virtual inertia control are in a coupling relationship with the dynamic characteristics of the power system, which leads to significant changes in the frequency oscillation characteristics of the wind turbine. The intrinsic mechanism and external performance of the sub and super‐synchronous oscillating systems are essentially different from those of conventional wind turbines. Based on the analysis of oscillation mechanism and stability of traditional wind turbines, this study reviews the literature and summarises the existing key technical problems. Secondly, the eigenvalue analysis and simulation are used to demonstrate the influence of virtual inertia on the sub and super‐synchronous oscillations of wind turbines.
Herscheland SCUBA-2 observations of dust emission in a sample ofPlanckcold clumps
Authors: Juvela Mika , He Jinhua , Pattle Katherine , Liu Tie , Bendo George , Eden David J. , Fehér Orsolya , Michel Fich , Fuller Gary , Hirano Naomi , Kim Kee-Tae , Li Di , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Malinen Johanna , Marshall Douglas J. , Paradis Deborah , Parsons Harriet , Pelkonen Veli-Matti , Rawlings Mark G. , Ristorcelli Isabelle , Samal Manash R. , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Thompson Mark , Traficante Alessio , Wang Ke , Ward-Thompson Derek , Wu Yuefang , Yi Hee-Weon , Yoo Hyunju
Published: December 2017

Context.Analysis of all-skyPlancksubmillimetre observations and the IRAS 100μm data has led to the detection of a population of Galactic cold clumps. The clumps can be used to study star formation and dust properties in a wide range of Galactic environments.

Aims.Our aim is to measure dust spectral energy distribution (SED) variations as a function of the spatial scale and the wavelength.

Methods.We examined the SEDs at large scales using IRAS,Planck, andHerscheldata. At smaller scales, we compared JCMT/SCUBA-2 850μm maps withHerscheldata that were filtered using the SCUBA-2 pipeline. Clumps were extracted using the Fellwalker method, and their spectra were modelled as modified blackbody functions.

Results.According to IRAS andPlanckdata, most fields have dust colour temperaturesTC~ 14–18 K and opacity spectral index values ofβ= 1.5–1.9. The clumps and cores identified in SCUBA-2 maps haveT~ 13 K and similarβvalues. There are some indications of the dust emission spectrum becoming flatter at wavelengths longer than 500μm. In fits involvingPlanckdata, the significance is limited by the uncertainty of the corrections for CO line contamination. The fits to the SPIRE data give a medianβvalue that is slightly above 1.8. In the joint SPIRE and SCUBA-2 850μm fits, the value decreases toβ~ 1.6. Most of the observedT-βanticorrelation can be explained by noise.

Conclusions.The typical submillimetre opacity spectral indexβof cold clumps is found to be ~1.7. This is above the values of diffuse clouds, but lower than in some previous studies of dense clumps. There is only tentative evidence of aT-βanticorrelation andβdecreasing at millimetre wavelengths.
CHANG-ES
Authors: Krause Marita , Irwin Judith , Wiegert Theresa , Miskolczi Arpad , Damas-Segovia Ancor , Beck Rainer , Li Jiang-Tao , Heald George , Müller Peter , Stein Yelena , Rand Richard J. , Heesen Volker , Walterbos Rene A. M. , Dettmar Ralf-Jürgen , Vargas Carlos J. , English Jayanne , Murphy Eric J.
Published: December 2017

Aim.The vertical halo scale height is a crucial parameter to understand the transport of cosmic-ray electrons (CRE) and their energy loss mechanisms in spiral galaxies. Until now, the radio scale height could only be determined for a few edge-on galaxies because of missing sensitivity at high resolution.

Methods.We developed a sophisticated method for the scale height determination of edge-on galaxies. With this we determined the scale heights and radial scale lengths for a sample of 13 galaxies from the CHANG-ES radio continuum survey in two frequency bands.

Results.The sample average values for the radio scale heights of the halo are 1.1 ± 0.3 kpc inC-band and 1.4 ± 0.7 kpc inL-band. From the frequency dependence analysis of the halo scale heights we found that the wind velocities (estimated using the adiabatic loss time) are above the escape velocity. We found that the halo scale heights increase linearly with the radio diameters. In order to exclude the diameter dependence, we defined a normalized scale heighth˜which is quite similar for all sample galaxies at both frequency bands and does not depend on the star formation rate or the magnetic field strength. However,h˜shows a tight anticorrelation with the mass surface density.

Conclusions.The sample galaxies with smaller scale lengths are more spherical in the radio emission, while those with larger scale lengths are flatter. The radio scale height depends mainly on the radio diameter of the galaxy. The sample galaxies are consistent with an escape-dominated radio halo with convective cosmic ray propagation, indicating that galactic winds are a widespread phenomenon in spiral galaxies. While a higher star formation rate or star formation surface density does not lead to a higher wind velocity, we found for the first time observational evidence of a gravitational deceleration of CRE outflow, e.g. a lowering of the wind velocity from the galactic disk.
Discovery of 105 Hz coherent pulsations in the ultracompact binary IGR J16597–3704
Authors: Sanna A. , Bahramian A. , Bozzo E. , Heinke C. , Altamirano D. , Wijnands R. , Degenaar N. , Maccarone T. , Riggio A. , Di Salvo T. , Iaria R. , Burgay M. , Possenti A. , Ferrigno C. , Papitto A. , Sivakoff G. R. , D’Amico N. , Burderi L.
Published: December 2017

We report the discovery of X-ray pulsations at 105.2 Hz (9.5 ms) from the transient X-ray binary IGR J16597–3704 using NuSTAR and Swift. The source was discovered by INTEGRAL in the globular cluster NGC 6256 at a distance of 9.1 kpc. The X-ray pulsations show a clear Doppler modulation that implies an orbital period of ~46 min and a projected semi-major axis of ~5 lt-ms, which makes IGR J16597–3704 an ultracompact X-ray binary system. We estimated a minimum companion mass of 6.5 × 10−10 M⊙, assuming a neutron star mass of 1.4 M⊙, and an inclination angle of <75° (suggested by the absence of eclipses or dips in its light curve). The broad-band energy spectrum of the source is well described by a disk blackbody component (kT ~ 1.4 keV) plus a comptonised power-law with photon index ~2.3 and an electron temperature of ~30 keV. Radio pulsations from the source were unsuccessfully searched for with the Parkes Observatory.
Ultra-low density metallic foams synthesized by contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) for laser experiments
Authors: Rocher Sandrine , Botrel Ronan , Durut Frédéric , Chicanne Cédric , Theobald Marc , Vignal Vincent
Published: December 2017

The goal of this work is to realize metallic foams synthesized by contact glow discharge electrolysis with specific characteristics. In this paper, we show the results of our studies, consisting in investigating parameters that influence the foams characteristics. Thus, the morphology of metallic foams is examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations with the acid nature. Moreover, the evolution of the mass and the volume of metallic foams with two experimental parameters (overvoltage and gold concentration) is also investigated. The acid nature affects the foams microscopic structure highlighted by the SEM observations, but for now no valid explanation to this behaviour was found. We prove that the mass deposited on the electrode is dependent on the ionic salt concentration, whereas the overvoltage only affects the foam overall density.
Synthèse bibliographique : micro-texturation et microinjection de thermoplastiques
Authors: Vera Julie , Brulez Anne-Catherine , Contraires Elise , Larochette Mathieu , Valette Stéphane , Benayoun Stéphane
Published: December 2017

La fonctionnalisation de surface des matériaux et notamment des polymères fait l'objet de recherches intenses dans de nombreux secteurs tels que l'industrie du biomédical ou du transport afin de conférer aux pièces des propriétés spécifiques comme l'antibuée, la réduction du frottement ou le dégivrage… Dans le cas d'une production en grande série de pièces polymères fonctionnalisées, il est préférable, pour des questions de coûts, de générer des textures, au moyen d'une technique de reproduction d'empreinte comme l'injection plastique. Toutefois les fonctions requises nécessitent parfois la reproduction de dimensions microniques voire submicroniques poussant à ses limites la maîtrise du procédé conventionnel, avec les caractéristiques de l'injection de micro-pièces, mais aussi des spécificités propres à la micro-texturation. L'objet de cette revue bibliographique est de couvrir le large spectre des problèmes techniques et scientifiques associés à la micro-texturation des pièces plastiques. Les techniques d'usinage de ces micro-motifs sur les outillages et le rôle des revêtements est particulièrement décrit ainsi que le besoin de mettre en œuvre des approches spécifiques de caractérisation topographique des textures. L'influence des paramètres du procédé d'injection est aussi discutée, soulignant la nécessité d'appréhender la micro-texturation des pièces plastiques avec une nouvelle grille de lecture de la microinjection.
The feasibility of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of residual or recurrent tumor localized in therapeutic scar tissue
Authors: Kobayashi Ryosuke , Hirasawa Kingo , Ikeda Ryosuke , de Fukuchi Takeh , Ishii Yasuaki , Kaneko Hiroaki , Makazu Makomo , Sato Chiko , Maeda Shin
Published: December 2017

Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is used to treat superficial colorectal tumors. Previous studies have reported the efficacy of ESD for treating residual or local recurrent colorectal tumors. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of ESD in treating these lesions and to assess factors that prevent successful ESD.

Methods This retrospective study assessed 25 cases of residual or local recurrent lesions that were previously treated using EMR (18 lesions), TEM (5 lesions), ESD (1 lesion) or surgery (1 lesion), and 459 primary lesions treated using ESD between April 2008 and September 2015. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment outcome and adverse events were compared between groups with or without scar tissue. Factors related to perforation and a prolonged treatment time, which indicate the likelihood of technical difficulties, were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results In residual or local recurrent lesions groups, patients experienced more perforations (32 % vs 4 %, P < 0.001) and required a longer treatment time (117 min vs 61 min, P < 0.001) compared with the primary lesions group. Both groups showed a similar curative resection rate. Emergency surgery was not needed in any case. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that tumor location and therapeutic scar tissue were high risk factors for perforation, and that large tumor size and therapeutic scar tissue were high risk factors for prolonged treatment time.

Conclusions ESD for residual or local recurrent colorectal tumors is a technically challenging, but effective and minimally invasive treatment. When performed carefully with sufficient proficiency, it is a useful treatment option.
Low yield for non-targeted biopsies of the stomach and esophagus during elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Dougherty Michael , Santoiemma Phillip , Weber Andrew , Metz David , Yang Yu-Xiao
Published: December 2017

Background and study aims Biopsies of non-specific mucosal findings are often performed during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). We sought to determine the prevalence and clinical utility of non-targeted biopsies of the stomach and esophagus.

Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective review of 949 outpatient EGDs performed at a US tertiary referral center. Non-targeted biopsies of the stomach were defined as either “normal” or “mild” to “moderate” “erythema” or “inflammation” without other endoscopic features. Non-targeted biopsies of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) were defined as endoscopically “normal” mucosa. The primary outcome was the proportion of non-targeted biopsies resulting in “definite management change.” Secondary outcomes included histopathologic diagnoses of Helicobacter pylori, intestinal metaplasia and esophageal eosinophilia.

Results Of 949 EGDs, 332 (35.0 %, 95 % CI 31.9 – 38.1 %) had a non-targeted biopsy taken at any site. Erythema in the gastric body and antrum was biopsied at a rate of 83 – 86 %, while biopsies of “normal”-appearing mucosa occurred at rates from 3 % (GEJ) to 15 % (body and antrum). The percentage of non-targeted biopsies that led to definite management change ranged from 5 % in the GEJ and esophagus to 9 % in the antrum, but did not significantly differ by mucosal appearance. Multivariable regression analyses suggested associations of language and age > 50 with management change from non-targeted gastric biopsy.

Conclusions Non-targeted biopsies of the stomach and esophagus led to definite management change in a small proportion of patients. Further studies are needed to identify patient and/or endoscopic characteristics and techniques to improve the yield of this practice.
“Clever ministrations”: regenerative beauty at the fin de siècle
Authors: Clark Jessica P.
Published: December 2017

This paper is the first to consider the role of late-nineteenth century British beauty culturists in establishing the respectability of anti-aging goods and services. It surveys self-published beauty texts, periodical press coverage, and advertisements to ask how female beauty providers positioned their businesses so as to enhance the reputation of their wares. These texts reveal that, by foregrounding the respectability, modernity, and novelty of regenerative techniques, British beauty culturists challenged existing narratives of commercial beautification, shifting feminine regeneration from the realm of vanity to necessity, from a question of moral character to commercial endeavor. However, these discursive strategies, not to mention the use of technology for the purpose of female bodily enhancement, were not welcomed by all. The paper subsequently turns to police court coverage and medical journals that criticized beauty “quacks” for reportedly duping unsuspecting female customers. The pursuit of duplicitous “beauty doctors” by unsatisfied customers and medical publications comes to the fore in a concluding profile of Anna Ruppert, a popular London-based beauty culturist who found herself charged under Ireland’s Pharmaceutical Act in 1893 for selling arsenical compounds. And yet, despite public scrutiny, the British press, consumers, and commercial providers increasingly embraced a more overt beauty culture that would prevail through the interwar period. This paper argues that this was due, in part, to discursive shifts advanced by fin de siècle beauty culturists, who paid the price for these interventions, existing as a liminal group straddling respectability and quackery.
Coherent state mapping ring polymer molecular dynamics for non-adiabatic quantum propagations
Authors: Chowdhury Sutirtha N. , Huo Pengfei
Published: December 2017

We introduce the coherent-state mapping ring polymer molecular dynamics (CS-RPMD), a new method that accurately describes electronic non-adiabatic dynamics with explicit nuclear quantization. This new approach is derived by using coherent-state mapping representation for the electronic degrees of freedom (DOF) and the ring-polymer path-integral representation for the nuclear DOF. The CS-RPMD Hamiltonian does not contain any inter-bead coupling term in the state-dependent potential and correctly describes electronic Rabi oscillations. A classical equation of motion is used to sample initial configurations and propagate the trajectories from the CS-RPMD Hamiltonian. At the time equivalent to zero, the quantum Boltzmann distribution (QBD) is recovered by reweighting the sampled distribution with an additional phase factor. In a special limit that there is one bead for mapping variables and multiple beads for nuclei, CS-RPMD satisfies detailed balance and preserves an approximate QBD. Numerical tests of this method with a two-state model system show very good agreement with exact quantum results over a broad range of electronic couplings.
Attenuation limits in longitudinal phononic crystals
Authors: Luschi L. , Iannaccone G. , Pieri F.
Published: December 2017

The acoustic attenuation inside the bandgaps is, together with the bandgap width, a fundamental design parameter for phononic-crystal-based systems. We discuss approximate expressions for the maximum attenuation inside the bandgaps of one-dimensional longitudinal phononic crystals and its dependence on the acoustic contrast and the fractional bandwidth. We provide different approximations at small and large fractional bandwidths, computed from the trace of the transmission matrix of the crystal elementary cell. We show that, for relatively small gaps, the attenuation is roughly proportional to the fractional bandwidth, in analogy with the flexural case. For larger gaps, a large attenuation can be obtained only for high (and possibly impractical) acoustic contrasts. Approximate expressions are validated through comparison with FEM results. We also derive asymptotic upper limits for the bandgap borders and show that high contrasts do not necessarily lead to wide bandgaps, a fact connected to geometrical phase inversion for the acoustic wave in the crystal. We finally compare the attenuation of flexural and longitudinal waves at a fixed fractional bandwidth and derive regions of optimum attenuation for the two propagation modes.
Direct observation of the magnetic domain evolution stimulated by temperature and magnetic field in PrMnGeSi alloy
Authors: Zuo S. L. , Zhang B. , Qiao K. M. , Peng L. C. , Li R. , Xiong J. F. , Zhang Y. , Zhao X. , Liu D. , Zhao T. Y. , Sun J. R. , Hu F. X. , Zhang Y. , Shen B. G.
Published: December 2017

The magnetic domain evolution behavior under external field stimuli of temperature and magnetic field in PrMn2Ge0.4Si1.6 compound is investigated using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. A spontaneous 180° magnetic domain is observed at room temperature and it changes with temperature. Dynamic magnetization process is related to the rotation of magnetic moments, resulting in the transforming of magnetic domains from 180° type to a uniform ferromagnetic state with almost no pinning effects under the in-plane magnetic field at room temperature. X-ray powder diffraction is performed on PrMn2Ge0.4Si1.6 at different temperatures to study the temperature dependence of crystal structure and lattice parameter.
Flavonoid glycosides in Malabar spinach Basella alba inhibit the growth of Spodoptera litura larvae
Authors: Aboshi Takako , Ishiguri Shiho , Shiono Yoshihito , Murayama Tetsuya
Published: December 2017

Basella alba is a perennial plant of the Basellaceae and is known by various common names including Malabar spinach. There are few insects that cause damage to B. alba. In this study, we examined the effect of B. alba leaves on the growth of Spodoptera litura larvae. B. alba leaves and a methanolic extract of the leaves inhibited the growth of S. litura larvae. Half of the larvae reared on the leaves died within 1 week. We found that two flavonoids, vitexin, and vitexin-2″-O-arabinofuranoside, were abundant in the methanol extract of leaves. When larvae were reared on purified vitexin or vitexin-2″-O-arabinofuranoside, their growth was significantly impaired compared with larvae reared on control spinach leaves. These results suggested that the flavonoid glycosides in B. alba leaves act as deterrents to S. litura larvae.
The Rhetorical Education of William Jennings Bryan: Isocrates, Character, and Imitation
Authors: Oldenburg Christopher J. , Enz Adam E.
Published: December 2017

In the late American nineteenth century, oratory was de rigueur. Institutionally, liberal arts colleges sought to distinguish themselves by teaching moral character. Such an ethotic education was sine qua non for any student of political oratory. This essay argues that such an emphasis on character and oratory, coupled with Illinois College’s rhetorical curriculum and extracurricular events, afforded a kairotic and didactic moment for William Jennings Bryan to learn and practice Isocrates’ brand of rhetorical paideia. Taught primarily through the use of paradigm cases and imitation, Isocrates emphasized the import of a speaker’s ethos over the art itself. Bryan shared this perspective. Drawing from both “Against the Sophists” and “Antidosis,” we conduct a comparative analysis by reading Isocrates’ ethotic-based rhetorical theory alongside of Bryan’s 1881 graduating oration entitled “Character.”
Enargeia, Persuasion, and the Vividness Effect in Athenian Forensic Oratory
Authors: O’Connell Peter A.
Published: December 2017

This essay argues that enargeia, the “vivid” quality of language that encourages listeners or readers to develop mental images, was an integral element of rhetorical strategy in the courts of Classical Athens. It relies on ancient evidence and modern comparanda. Ancient rhetorical theorists demonstrate how enargeia would have contributed to a sense of presence and simulated in Athenian jurors an experience similar to that of actual eyewitnesses. Modern lawyers and authors of trial handbooks advise litigators to appeal to their jurors’ imaginations with language that recalls ancient descriptions of enargeia and the related concept phantasia, “imagination.” The results of modern psychology research into the “vividness effect,” especially the distinction between figural and ground vividness, show how enargeia may have increased the likelihood of Athenian jurors accepting an argument. Lysias deploys ground vividness in On the Death of Eratosthenes (1) to draw his jurors’ attention away from the question of entrapment and figural vividness in Against Eratosthenes (12) to focus their attention on the crimes of the Thirty Tyrants. Finally, Aeschines’ description of the Thebans’ sufferings in Against Ctesiphon (3) may have harmed his case by emphasizing a weak point through misplaced figural vividness.
A new mitofusin topology places the redox-regulated C terminus in the mitochondrial intermembrane space
Authors: Mattie Sevan , Riemer Jan , Wideman Jeremy G. , McBride Heidi M.
Published: December 2017

Mitochondrial fusion occurs in many eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi. It is essential for cellular homeostasis, and yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Comparative analyses and phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that fungal Fzo1 and animal Mitofusin proteins are highly diverged from one another and lack strong sequence similarity. Bioinformatic analysis showed that fungal Fzo1 proteins exhibit two predicted transmembrane domains, whereas metazoan Mitofusins contain only a single transmembrane domain. This prediction contradicts the current models, suggesting that both animal and fungal proteins share one topology. This newly predicted topology of Mfn1 and Mfn2 was demonstrated biochemically, confirming that the C-terminal, redox-sensitive cysteine residues reside within the intermembrane space (IMS). Functional experiments established that redox-mediated disulfide modifications within the IMS domain are key modulators of reversible Mfn oligomerization that drives fusion. Together, these results lead to a revised understanding of Mfns as single-spanning outer membrane proteins with an Nout–Cin orientation, providing functional insight into the IMS contribution to redox-regulated fusion events.
STAT4 and T-bet control follicular helper T cell development in viral infections
Authors: Weinstein Jason S. , Laidlaw Brian J. , Lu Yisi , Wang Jessica K. , Schulz Vincent P. , Li Ningcheng , Herman Edward I. , Kaech Susan M. , Gallagher Patrick G. , Craft Joe
Published: December 2017

Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells promote germinal center (GC) B cell survival and proliferation and guide their differentiation and immunoglobulin isotype switching by delivering contact-dependent and soluble factors, including IL-21, IL-4, IL-9, and IFN-γ. IL-21 and IFN-γ are coexpressed by Tfh cells during viral infections, but transcriptional regulation of these cytokines is not completely understood. In this study, we show that the T helper type 1 cell (Th1 cell) transcriptional regulators T-bet and STAT4 are coexpressed with Bcl6 in Tfh cells after acute viral infection, with a temporal decline in T-bet in the waning response. T-bet is important for Tfh cell production of IFN-γ, but not IL-21, and for a robust GC reaction. STAT4, phosphorylated in Tfh cells upon infection, is required for expression of T-bet and Bcl6 and for IFN-γ and IL-21. These data indicate that T-bet is expressed with Bcl6 in Tfh cells and is required alongside STAT4 to coordinate Tfh cell IL-21 and IFN-γ production and for promotion of the GC response after acute viral challenge.
The linear request problem
Authors: Kloeckner Benoît
Published: December 2017

We propose a simple approach to a problem introduced by Galatolo and Pollicott, which can be called a linear request problem; in its general formulation, it consists of finding a first-order perturbation of a dynamical system such that its physical measure changes in a prescribed direction. Our method needs the physical measure to be absolutely continuous with smooth positive density: instead of using transfer operators, we use the well-known fact that a change in the density of a smooth measure can be reproduced by pushing forward along a well-chosen vector field. This implies that restricting to perturbations by infinitesimal conjugacy already yields a solution to the linear request problem, allowing us to work in any dimension and to dispense from additional dynamical hypotheses. In particular, we don’t need to assume hyperbolicity to obtain a solution, but if the map is Anosov, we obtain the existence of an infinite-dimensional space of solutions.
On the Matlis duals of local cohomology modules
Authors: Lyubeznik Gennady , Yıldırım Tuğba
Published: December 2017

Let

(
R
,

m

)

(R,\mathfrak {m})

be a Noetherian regular local ring of characteristic

p
>
0

p>0

and let

I
I

be a nonzero ideal of

R
R

. Let

D
(
−
)
=

Hom
R

⁡
(
−
,
E
)

D(-)= \operatorname {Hom}_R(-, E)

be the Matlis dual functor, where

E
=

E
R

(
R

/

m

)

E = E_R(R/{\mathfrak {m}})

is the injective hull of the residue field

R

/

m

R/{\mathfrak {m}}

. In this short note, we prove that if

H

I
i

(
R
)
≠
0

{H}^i_I(R)\neq 0

, then
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S u p p Subscript upper R Baseline left-parenthesis upper D left-parenthesis upper H Subscript upper I Superscript i Baseline left-parenthesis upper R right-parenthesis right-parenthesis right-parenthesis equals upper S p e c left-parenthesis upper R right-parenthesis">

Supp
R

⁡
(
D
(

H

I

i

(
R
)
)
)
=
Spec
⁡
(
R
)

\operatorname {Supp}_R(D({H}^i_{I}(R)))=\operatorname {Spec}(R)

.
Single-molecule measurements of the effect of force on Thy-1/αvβ3-integrin interaction using nonpurified proteins
Authors: Burgos-Bravo Francesca , Figueroa Nataniel L. , Casanova-Morales Nathalie , Quest Andrew F. G. , Wilson Christian A. M. , Leyton Lisette
Published: December 2017

Single-molecule measurements combined with a novel mathematical strategy were applied to accurately characterize how bimolecular interactions respond to mechanical force, especially when protein purification is not possible. Specifically, we studied the effect of force on Thy-1/αvβ3 integrin interaction, a mediator of neuron-astrocyte communication.
Egr-1 mediates leptin-induced PPARγ reduction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
Authors: Xie Xinming , Li Shaojun , Zhu Yanting , Liu Lu , Ke Rui , Wang Jian , Yan Xin , Yang Lan , Gao Li , Zang Weijin , Li Manxiang
Published: December 2017

Leptin signaling has been found to play an important role in the development of pulmonary hypertension. It was demonstrated that leptin dose- and time-dependently resulted in PPARγ reduction in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). The study indicates that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway partially mediates leptin-induced PPARγ reduction and PASMC proliferation through up-regulation of Egr-1.
A complex molecular switch directs stress-induced cyclin C nuclear release through SCFGrr1-mediated degradation of Med13
Authors: Stieg David C. , Willis Stephen D. , Ganesan Vidyaramanan , Ong Kai Li , Scuorzo Joseph , Song Mia , Grose Julianne , Strich Randy , Cooper Katrina F.
Published: December 2017

In response to oxidative stress, cells must choose either to live or to die. Here we show that the E3 ligase SCFGrr1 mediates the destruction of Med13, which releases cyclin C into the cytoplasm and results in cell death. The Med13 SCF degron is most likely primed by the Cdk8 kinase and marked for destruction by the MAPK Slt2.
Spironolactone and Resistant Hypertension in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Rossignol Patrick , Claggett Brian Lee , Liu Jiankang , Vardeny Orly , Pitt Bertram , Zannad Faiez , Solomon Scott
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Recent evidence suggests that the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone should be the preferred fourth-line antihypertensive treatment in resistant hypertension (RHTN). Whether spironolactone improves blood pressure (BP) control in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and RHTN is unknown.

METHODS

We identified patients with RHTN, defined as baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 140 and 160 mm Hg on 3 or more medications, in the Americas cohort of the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist trial, in which patients with HFpEF were randomized to spironolactone vs. placebo. We evaluated the effects of spironolactone vs. placebo on BP reduction in this group and related this to the primary composite outcome of death from cardiovascular causes, aborted cardiac arrest, or hospitalization for heart failure.

RESULTS

We identified 403 participants in the Americas with RHTN. Compared to people without RHTN, those with RHTN were more frequently women, non-White, diabetics, with a higher left ventricular ejection fraction and body mass index, and a lower hemoglobin concentration. In the RHTN group, spironolactone resulted in a decrease of SBP: −6.1 (−8.9, −3.3); P < 0.001 and diastolic BP: −2.9 (−4.6, −1.2); P = 0.001 mm Hg during the first 8 months. BP became controlled after 4 weeks in 63% of patients receiving spironolactone vs. 46% receiving placebo (P = 0.003), with similar responses at 8 weeks, 4 and 8 months. Patients with RHTN derived similar overall benefit from spironolactone on the primary outcomes as those without.

CONCLUSIONS

In HFpEF patients with RHTN, spironolactone lowered BP substantially and was associated with similar benefit as those without RHTN.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION

Trial Number NCT00094302 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)
Patterns, Constructions, and Local Grammar: A Case Study of ‘Evaluation’
Authors: Hunston Susan , Su Hang
Published: December 2017

This article takes as its starting point the analysis of adjective complementation patterns and sets this in the context of other studies of phraseology, especially Construction Grammar. The article proposes that a large number of meaning–pattern combinations can be identified as constructions. This endeavour assists and is assisted by the derivation of a local grammar of evaluation. The grammar is made explicit in 22 ‘Analyses’, grouped into five main categories. It includes discussion around the process of mapping meaning on to pattern, the consideration of borderline cases, and the debate around naming of elements. This contributes to a comparison of different approaches to phraseology, and in particular to the place of Construction Grammar in relation to more output-oriented approaches. Suggestions for the application of this approach to language teaching are offered.
funRiceGenes dataset for comprehensive understanding and application of rice functional genes
Authors: Yao Wen , Li Guangwei , Yu Yiming , Ouyang Yidan
Published: December 2017

Background

As a main staple food, rice is also a model plant for functional genomic studies of monocots. Decoding of every DNA element of the rice genome is essential for genetic improvement to address increasing food demands. The past 15 years have witnessed extraordinary advances in rice functional genomics. Systematic characterization and proper deposition of every rice gene are vital for both functional studies and crop genetic improvement.

Findings

We built a comprehensive and accurate dataset of ~2800 functionally characterized rice genes and ~5000 members of different gene families by integrating data from available databases and reviewing every publication on rice functional genomic studies. The dataset accounts for 19.2% of the 39 045 annotated protein-coding rice genes, which provides the most exhaustive archive for investigating the functions of rice genes. We also constructed 214 gene interaction networks based on 1841 connections between 1310 genes. The largest network with 762 genes indicated that pleiotropic genes linked different biological pathways. Increasing degree of conservation of the flowering pathway was observed among more closely related plants, implying substantial value of rice genes for future dissection of flowering regulation in other crops. All data are deposited in the funRiceGenes database (https://funricegenes.github.io/). Functionality for advanced search and continuous updating of the database are provided by a Shiny application (http://funricegenes.ncpgr.cn/).

Conclusions

The funRiceGenes dataset would enable further exploring of the crosslink between gene functions and natural variations in rice, which can also facilitate breeding design to improve target agronomic traits of rice.
Jumps and Motivic Invariants of Semiabelian Jacobians
Authors: Overkamp Otto
Published: December 2017

We investigate Néron models of Jacobians of singular curves over strictly Henselian discretely valued fields and their behavior under tame base change. For a semiabelian variety, this behavior is governed by a finite sequence of (a priori) real numbers between 0 and 1, called jumps. The jumps are conjectured to be rational, which is known in some cases. The purpose of this paper is to prove this conjecture in the case where the semiabelian variety is the Jacobian of a geometrically integral curve with a push-out singularity. Along the way, we prove the conjecture for algebraic tori which are induced along finite separable extensions and generalize Raynaud’s description of the identity component of the Néron model of the Jacobian of a smooth curve (in terms of the Picard functor of a proper, flat, and regular model) to our situation. The main technical result of this paper is that the exact sequence that decomposes the Jacobian of one of our singular curves into its toric and Abelian parts extends to an exact sequence of Néron models. Previously, only split semiabelian varieties were known to have this property.
Pregnancy After Uterine Rupture
Authors: Larrea Nicole A. , Metz Torri D.
Published: December 2017

A 28-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 2, with two previous cesarean deliveries presents for prenatal care. Her second pregnancy was complicated by a uterine rupture at 36 weeks of gestation. She asks, “When should I be delivered during the current pregnancy?”
Foley Plus Oxytocin Compared With Oxytocin for Induction After Membrane Rupture
Authors: Mackeen A. Dhanya , Durie Danielle E. , Lin Monique , Huls Christopher K. , Qureshey Emma , Paglia Michael J. , Sun Haiyan , Sciscione Anthony
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the use of a transcervical Foley catheter plus oxytocin infusion compared with oxytocin infusion alone for labor induction and cervical ripening in women 34 weeks of gestation or greater with prelabor rupture of membranes.

METHODS:

This is a randomized, multicenter trial of women with a live, singleton gestation at 34 weeks of gestation or greater with prelabor rupture of membranes, an unfavorable cervical examination (less than 2 cm or 80% effaced), and no contraindication to labor. Participants were randomly allocated to a transcervical Foley catheter inflated to 30 cc with concurrent oxytocin infusion or oxytocin infusion alone. Oxytocin administration was standardized across sites. The primary study outcome was interval from induction to delivery. To detect a 2.5-hour difference in the interval from induction to delivery, we required outcome data on 194 women, assuming 80% power and a two-tailed α of 5%. Analysis was by intent to treat.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 201 women: 93 were allocated to Foley and 108 to oxytocin. Demographics were similar between the groups. Time to delivery was not significantly different between groups: in the Foley group, it was 13.9 hours (±6.9 SD) compared with 14.4 hours (±7.9 SD) in the oxytocin group (P=.69). There were more cases of clinical chorioamnionitis (8% compared with 0%, P<.01) in the Foley group compared with the oxytocin group. There were no differences for other infectious morbidities or any other variable studied.

CONCLUSION:

In patients with prelabor rupture of membranes, the use of a transcervical Foley catheter in addition to oxytocin does not shorten the time to delivery compared with oxytocin alone, but may increase the incidence of intraamniotic infection.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01973036.
Preeclampsia and Long-term Renal Function in Women Who Underwent Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Vannevel Valerie , Claes Kathleen , Baud David , Vial Yvan , Golshayan Delaviz , Yoon Eugene W. , Hodges Ryan , Le Nepveu Anne , Kerr Peter G. , Kennedy Claire , Higgins Mary , Resch Elisabeth , Klaritsch Philipp , Van Mieghem Tim
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE:

Preeclampsia often complicates pregnancies after maternal kidney transplantation. We aimed to assess whether preeclampsia is associated with kidney function decline either during the pregnancy or in the long term.

METHODS:

We performed an international multicenter retrospective cohort study. Renal function at conception, pregnancy outcomes, and short- and long-term graft outcomes were collected for women who were pregnant after renal transplantation and had transplant and obstetric care at the participating centers. In women who had multiple pregnancies during the study period, only the last pregnancy was included. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed.

RESULTS:

We retrieved pregnancy outcomes and long-term renal outcomes for 52 women. Chronic hypertension was present at baseline in 27%. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at start of pregnancy was 52.4±17.5 mL/min/1.73 m2. Mean estimated GFR at delivery was 47.6±21.6 mL/min/1.73 m2, which was significantly lower than at conception (P=.03). Twenty women (38%) developed preeclampsia. In multivariable analysis, women who developed preeclampsia had a 10.7-mL/min/1.73 m2 higher drop in estimated GFR between conception and delivery than women who did not develop preeclampsia (P=.02). Long-term estimated GFR follow-up was obtained at a median of 5.8 years (range 1.3–27.5 years). Mean estimated GFR at last follow-up was 38±23 mL/kg/1.73 m2. Seventeen women (33%) experienced graft loss over the follow-up period. Incidence of graft loss was similar in women with and without preeclampsia in their last pregnancy (30% and 34%, respectively; P=.99). In multivariable analysis, the decrease in estimated GFR between conception and last follow-up was similar in women who experienced preeclampsia during pregnancy and those who did not (difference −2.69 mL/min/1.73 m2, P=.65).

CONCLUSION:

Preeclampsia commonly complicates pregnancies after renal transplantation but is not associated with long-term renal dysfunction or graft loss.
Opioid Knowledge and Prescribing Practices Among Obstetrician–Gynecologists
Authors: Madsen Annetta M. , Stark Lauren M. , Has Phinnara , Emerson Jenna B. , Schulkin Jay , Matteson Kristen A.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE:

To describe obstetrician–gynecologists' (ob-gyns) knowledge and prescribing practices regarding opioid analgesics.

METHODS:

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a national sample of American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Fellows and Junior Fellows who are part of the Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network. We used a sequential mixed-method approach. We collected data on opioid knowledge and typical prescribing practices, including number, type, and indication for prescriptions. We determined adherence to four recommended practices: 1) screening for dependence, 2) prescribing the smallest amount required, 3) tailoring prescriptions, and 4) counseling on proper disposal. We also explored variables associated with prescribing practices.

RESULTS:

Sixty percent (179/300) of sampled members responded. Respondents reported prescribing a median of 26 (5–80) pills per patient across all indications combined. Ninety-eight percent prescribed opioids after surgery and a smaller proportion for nonsurgical indications: vaginal birth (22%), ovarian cysts (30%), endometriosis (24%), and chronic pelvic pain of unknown cause (18%). The number prescribed varied only by indication for the prescription. Nineteen percent reported adherence to three or more (of four) recommended practices. There was no significant difference in the median number of pills prescribed between those who reported adherence to at least one compared with those who did not adhere to any recommended practices (25 [interquartile range 25–30] vs 28 [interquartile range 20–30], P=.58). Regarding knowledge, 81% incorrectly identified the main source of misused opioids, which is through diversion from a friend or family member, and 44% did not know how to properly dispose of unused prescription opioids.

CONCLUSION:

Obstetrician–gynecologists reported prescribing a median of 26 opioid pills across all indications combined. Amount prescribed varied widely by indication but not by reported adherence to recommended prescribing practices. This study highlights an urgent need for increased efforts to improve ob-gyns' knowledge of opioid use, misuse, disposal, and best prescribing practices.
Urinary Tract Injury in Gynecologic Laparoscopy for Benign Indication
Authors: Wong Jacqueline M. K. , Bortoletto Pietro , Tolentino Jocelyn , Jung Michael J. , Milad Magdy P.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE:

To perform a comprehensive literature review of the incidence, location, etiology, timing, management, and long-term sequelae of urinary tract injury in gynecologic laparoscopy for benign indication.

DATA SOURCES:

A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:

Four hundred thirty-three studies were screened for inclusion with 136 full-text articles reviewed. Ninety studies published between 1975 and 2015 met inclusion criteria, representing 140,444 surgeries. Articles reporting the incidence of urinary tract injury in gynecologic laparoscopy for benign indication were included. Exclusion criteria comprised malignancy, surgery by urogynecologists, research not in English, and insufficient data.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:

A total of 458 lower urinary tract injuries were reported with an incidence of 0.33% (95% CI 0.30–0.36). Bladder injury (0.24%, 95% CI 0.22–0.27) was overall three times more frequent than ureteral injury (0.08%, 95% CI 0.07–0.10). Laparoscopic hysterectomy not otherwise specified (1.8%, 95% CI 1.2–2.6) and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (1.0%, 95% CI 0.9–1.2) had the highest rates of injury. Most ureteral injuries resulted from electrosurgery (33.3%, 95% CI 24.3–45.8), whereas most bladder injuries resulted from lysis of adhesions (23.3%, 95% CI 18.7–29.0). Ureteral injuries were most often recognized postoperatively (60%, 95% CI 47–76) and were repaired by open ureteral anastomosis (47.4%, 95% CI 36.3–61.9). In contrast, bladder injuries were most often recognized intraoperatively (85%, 95% CI 75–95) and were repaired by laparoscopic suturing (34.9%, 95% CI 29.2–41.7).

CONCLUSION:

The incidence of lower urinary tract injury in gynecologic laparoscopy for benign indication remains low at 0.33%. Bladder injury was three times more common than ureteral injury, although ureteral injuries were more often unrecognized intraoperatively and underwent open surgical repair. These risk estimates can assist gynecologic surgeons in effectively counseling their patients preoperatively concerning the risks of lower urinary tract injury.