bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Constraint Programming Approach to the Cluster Deletion Problem
Authors: Mhamdi Amel  , Naanaa Wady
Published: February 2025

Given a simple graph G=(V,E), the problem dealt with in this paper ask to transform a graph G by, only removing a minimum number of edges, into a disjoint union of cliques. This optimization problem is known to be NP-hard and is referred to as the Cluster Deletion problem (CD). This observation has motivated us to improve the chance for finding a disjoint union of cliques in a limited amount of search. To this end, we propose an encoding of CD in terms of a Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problem (WCSP), a framework which has been widely used in solving hard combinatorial problems.
The Role of Expectations in Game-Based Training
Authors: Kreutzer Christine  , Bowers Clint
Published: February 2025

The present work seeks to examine the importance of expectancies in computer-mediated treatment and training programs. Two studies examining the role of patient and trainee expectations are presented. Study 1 investigated how expectations of a training game for military surgical teams influence training performance outcomes. The findings have implications for the administration of game-based treatment and training systems. Study 2 explored how pre-treatment expectancies influence post-treatment reactions to a game-based intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results indicate that self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between expectancies and reactions. Together, these studies offer implications regarding the critical role of attitudes towards game-based training and treatment mechanisms.
Comportamiento del Balasto Contaminado con Arena Mediante Ensayos Triaxiales de Gran Tamaño
Authors: Estaire José  , Santana María
Published: February 2025

In this work the behaviour of fouled ballast with sand has been analysed by large triaxial tests (23 cm of diameter). Previously, the breakage resistance of ballast particles was determined and the different ways of quantifying the fouling degree were described.
Compaction-induced stress: Numerical Modeling
Authors: Mirmoradi S.H.  , Ehrlich M.
Published: February 2025

Two numerical procedures for modeling of compaction-induced stress used in the literature were described, and analyses using those procedures were performed The value of the maximum tension in the reinforcements determined using both numerical procedures were compared with those measured from a wrapped-faced full-scale reinforced soil wall performed at the Geotechnical Laboratory of COPPE/UFRJ. Results show that simulation of the compaction-induced stress by applying an equal distribution load at the top and bottom of each soil layer was able to properly represent the measured values of the summation of the maximum tension in the reinforcement. It was verified that modeling of compaction using a uniform vertical stress applied only to the top of each backfill soil layer overestimated the measured values, and this discrepancy increases with depth. Furthermore, parametric studies using the compaction procedure type 2 were carried out to verify the effect of compaction induced stress on the behavior of GRS walls. Results show that the tension in the reinforcement is a function of the magnitude of the compaction-induced stress. Nevertheless, the induced stress due to compaction may not play an effective role in the magnitude of the horizontal toe 10ad.Note that in the analyses, the backfill soil parameters were kept constant. However under actual field conditions, variations in these parameters may influence results.
Measurement of shear modulus using bender elements and resonant-column
Authors: Pereira Cláudio  , Gomes Correia António  , Ferreira Cristiana  , Santos Jaime  , Santos João
Published: February 2025

In recent times, new demands in geotechnical engineering, mainly in transportation geotechnics, require the use of advanced characterization techniques in order to accurately assess soil stiffness parameters. From this perspective, seismic wave-based techniques have received significant attention, since these allow performing the same basic measurement in the laboratory and field. With an enormous potential, bender elements are currently one of the most popular techniques used to measure reference soil properties in the very small strain range, namely the shear modulus. Bench and triaxial tests conducted on a wide range of geomaterials already demonstrated the applicability of this technique. However, the combined use of bender elements with other testing techniques, as the resonant column, is quite important in order to compare and validate some of the procedures used. In this context, bench bender elements tests were carried out on stiff sandy silt/silty sand specimens and the interpretation of seismic wave velocities was performed using time domain methods under a variety of excitations. Resonant column tests were also conducted on the same material to validate the obtained results with the bench bender elements setup. A critical discussion is made on the advantages and limitations of bender elements usage in contrast with the resonant-column for the assessment of the shear modulus, as well as some insights regarding damping. Additional tests were carried out in two distinct BE setups, one of which installed in the resonant column device, as well as ultrasonic measurements, with the purpose of validating the BE procedure and results interpretation. From this research, it was possible to compare and analyze the results obtained with the three different bender element setups and derive recommendations towards achieving reliable measurements.
Cap-Stiffness on Behaviour of Rigid Passive Piles
Authors: Guo Wei Dong
Published: February 2025

This paper develops a new 3-layer model and its solutions. The solutions are subsequently used to examine the mobilization law of limiting force per unit length plwith the cap-rotation stiffness, sliding depth, and axial load level and nonlinear response of rigid passive piles against model pile tests. The study indicates the parameters for single pile can generally be used for 2-pile groups, but for using a group interaction factor pm for modulus and limiting pl, etc. The pm is found to be 0.5-0.6 for a sliding depth (SD) of ~30% pile length (l), which increases towards unity as the depth exceeds 0.5l. This is associated with transition towards rotation of pile groups. The limiting plreduces by a displacement ratio α (soil movement over pile displacement owing to loading distance at ~0.5l) of 1.67~3.0 (SD = 0.29l), and 1 (SD = 0.5l). It drops to ~25% that on free-head piles (resembling the load ratio of laterally loaded piles). The study is the first of its kind on detecting impact of rotational-stiffness, axial loading, and group interaction on passive piles, which should be useful to the pile design.
Modelagem numérica de estacas em solo melhorado sob ação de cargas laterais
Authors: Born Ricardo Bergan  , Faro Vitor Pereira  , Consoli Nilo Cesar
Published: February 2025

The behavior of laterally loaded piles is well known to be straightly related to characteristics of the upper part of the soil. Recommendations of over 30 years in past already dealt with this behavior {i.e. [1]; [2]}, and treated with solutions that improved the lateral resistance, by substituting the upper part of the soil with a more rigid material. Besides those solutions improved the lateral resistance, the technique reflects a practice of material replacement. Here, a ground improvement technique, dealing with cemented sand is presented, studying numerically the behavior of piles subjected to lateral forces. The proposed model analyses a large diameter bored pile which the results of loading test are documented in the literature. With the load tests results in natural soil, the model was calibrated, and then applied a layer of cemented sand varying its geometry in length and width. The chosen soil cement is the well documented Osorio Sand, with a 7% of volumetric cement content, that reflects a cohesion intercept close to 300kPa. The results shows first a good correlation between the numerical model and the load tests. When applied the layer of cemented sand, the lateral resistance of piles reached a improvement of over 100% compared to when in natural state. Conclusions regarding the influence of enlarging geometrically the cemented sand layer, and the major factors are presented.
A New Teaching Concept for Axially Loaded Piles
Authors: Dias Tiago Gerheim Souza  , Bezuijen Adam
Published: February 2025

It is a common feature of teaching methodologies to divide the content into modules for lectures or book sections. However, these divisions are often not intrinsic to the real problems. Students, and consequently future professionals, may fail to bridge these artificial gaps, bringing into practice a mind-set organized by educational divisions instead of the functional demands of each problem. An example of this is the division between capacity and deformability of axially loaded piles, which follows the approach of regulatory manuals dividing stability and serviceability calculations. The real underlying mechanism is that pile resistance, both on the toe and along the shaft, is only mobilized through a certain amount of displacements. This is widely recognized and often mentioned in basic literature and general educational sources. However, it still features as a side note and is not directly incorporated in the calculation methodologies. This paper evaluates an instruction methodology to tackle this issue. Pile behavior is presented within a flexible framework that directly incorporates the concept of displacement dependent mobilized capacity. Through a straightforward formulation, based on the load-transfer method, general features, such as pile compressibility, residual loads and negative friction can be explicitly dealt with. Therefore, even though these different aspects may be presented individually, they can all be pulled together for an assessment of their interdependent effects on the pile response to axial loads.
Comparison of Strength Characteristics of Gorgan Loessial Soil Improved by Nano-Silica, Lime and Portland Cement
Authors: Haeri S. Mohsen  , Hosseini Arash M.  , Shahrabi Mohammad Mahdi  , Soleymani Saman
Published: February 2025

Loess is among the most collapsible soils, which shows high stiffness and strength in its natural moisture content. Nevertheless, as it reaches to the critical moisture, under certain loading, its volume decreases rapidly and collapse of the soil takes place. Therefore, the bearing capacity of any foundation of structures built on such a soil is reduced and relatively abrupt and excessive settlements lead to drastic deformations and failures in that structure. The paper presented herein describes a laboratory study to evaluate and compare the deformation and strength characteristics of Loessial soils stabilized by Nano-Silica, Lime, and Portland Cement. In this research, different percentages of each stabilizer along with different temporal conditions are examined. The results show that the rate to which the soil strength and the resistance against collapse are increased has a significant dependency to the curing time and the amount of stabilizers used. On the basis of unconfined compressive strength test results, an optimum amount for each stabilizer and associated curing time is determined and presented in this paper.
Effect of Matric Suction on Shrinkage Induced Pressure Exhibited by Two North Texas Expansive Clays
Authors: Acharya Raju  , Pedarla Aravind  , Bheemasetti Tejo Vikash  , Banerjee Aritra  , Puppala Anand
Published: February 2025

When subjected to seasonal moisture fluctuations, expansive clays exhibit swell/shrink behavior resulting in extensive volume change. Shrinkage pressure evolved during the drying/shrinking process often inflicts moderate to severe damage to infrastructures. The present research targets to study the variation of shrinkage pressure with matric suction, exhibited by two north Texas expansive clays. Basic soil characterization studies reveal that both soil exhibit moderate to high expansive behavior. Soil water characteristics curves were determined with the help of WP4C potentiameter. In this study, an approach to measure shrinkage induced pressure (SIP) of an expansive soil is developed by an improvisation of tactile pressure sensors. These sensors were embedded in a soil slurry prepared at liquid limit and was later dried in a temperature controlled environment. A data acquisition system capable of continuously recording shrinkage induced pressure is utilized in this research. The rate of drying, soil moisture after different time periods and soil suction are some of the variables addressed in this study. SIP determination method adopted in this research provided reliable data when compared from replicate tests on same soil. Variation of SIP with the soils respective inherent matric suction evolved during the drying process will be the main outcome from this research. Test results show a considerable increase in shrinkage pressure with increasing matric suction.
Study on the Behavior of a Collapsible Soil under Constant Matric Suction Loading Implementing an Unsaturated Framework
Authors: Haeri S. Mohsen  , Saberi Saeed  , Beigi Majid  , Akbari Garakani Amir
Published: February 2025

Collapsible soils such as loess are usually found in arid and semi-arid regions. Catastrophic failure of residential building foundations due to wetting collapse is among problems associated with loessial deposits. This behavior is generally attributed to their open, unstable soil fabric and their weak inter-particle bonding forces, which together yield a void structured soil that is susceptible to collapse. In this study, one of the possible mechanisms of pore collapse (pore collapse induced by an increase in net confining stresses under constant matric suction, such as what occurs when a new structure is constructed on top of a collapsible soil deposit) is studied. In this regard, undisturbed unsaturated loessial soil samples have been obtained from the city of Gorgan, in Golestan province, Iran, and has been examined by implementing a full stress path controlled unsaturated triaxial apparatus at Sharif University of Technology that is modified to accommodate accurate unsaturated testing with automated continuous measurement of all required parameters. Based on the results of the tests, efforts are made to indicate the capability of a present constitutive model for unsaturated soils to predict the variation of yielding net confining pressure, and load-collapse curve (LC) for the examined collapsible soil. In this research, the present framework is modified to better predict the behavior of collapsible soils. The modification includes applying the effect of suction on the elastic constants. Applying the modified framework indicated a good agreement between the measured and predicted behavior of the tested collapsible soil.
Avaliação do Emprego de Misturas de Solo e Resíduo de Polimento de Porcelanato para Pavimentação
Authors: de Araujo Silvia Cristina Justo Fernandes Nobre  , Costa Carina Maia Lins
Published: February 2025

O Brasil é o segundo maior mercado produtor e o segundo maior mercado consumidor mundial de produtos cerâmicos, incluindo os porcelanatos polidos. Durante a produção do porcelanato ocorrem perdas da matéria-prima, sendo a maior porção oriunda do processo de acabamento por polimento. A etapa de polimento gera resíduo em lama formado por água, restos da peça cerâmica em produção e perdas dos discos abrasivos gastos para polir. Este Resíduo de Polimento de Porcelanato (RPP) é desidratado por secagem ao ar e resulta em toneladas diárias de material pulverulento. Este artigo apresenta o estudo preliminar da incorporação do RPP em latossolo para aplicação rodoviária, a fim de avaliar o comportamento geotécnico do material. Foram realizadas misturas de adição de RPP em massa de solo nas porcentagens 10%, 30% e 50%, bem como foram estudados o solo puro e o resíduo puro e foram realizados os ensaios de caracterização, Compactação, Índice de Suporte Califórnia e Resistência à Compressão Simples. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização do resíduo puro é inviável para a pavimentação, pelo alto valor de Índice de Grupo. Todas as misturas apresentaram Índice de Suporte Califórnia maiores do que o solo puro, sendo o maior para 10%. A Resistência à Compressão Simples foi avaliada para o solo puro e para as misturas de 10% e 50%, e os maiores valores de resistência ocorreram para 10%. De modo geral, houve benefícios no comportamento geotécnico das misturas de latossolo e RPP, com os melhores resultados para a mistura de 10%. Com base em recomendações do órgão brasileiro Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes (DNIT), todas as misturas avaliadas poderiam ser utilizadas como reforço de sub-leito e 10% e 30% como sub-base.
Construcción de la obra de toma de la Central Termoeléctrica Ensenada de Barragán
Authors: Martinuzzi F.  , Paulín-Aguirre J.
Published: February 2025

Como parte del Plan Estratégico de Desarrollo Energético, y con el objeto de proveer energía eléctrica al SADI (Sistema Argentino de Interconexión), se dispuso la construcción de una nueva central termoeléctrica de generación a turbina de gas y ciclo abierto, apta para ser convertida a ciclo combinado, previa construcción de una obra de toma. En el presente artículo se describe la construcción de la obra civil de dicha obra de toma destacando las consideraciones adoptadas para la construcción de muros colados estructurales definitivos y anclajes activos permanentes de gran capacidad inyectados con el sistema IRS (Inyección Repetitiva Selectiva).
Comparación de un Análisis Numérico Tridimensional de Desplazamientos en una Excavación Profunda de Forma Circular con otra de Forma Rectangular
Authors: Solís Tito José Carlos  , Solís Quispe Ignacio Fructuoso
Published: February 2025

En la presente investigación se realiza la comparación de resultados de desplazamientos horizontales del análisis numérico tridimensional de la excavación de un pozo circular del proyecto de colectores para tratamiento de alcantarillado sanitario ubicado en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro denominado PS-39, con los de una excavación rectangular propuesta con una longitud del lado menor igual al diámetro de la excavación circular e igual a la mitad del lado mayor. Ambos modelos numéricos fueron desarrollados con el programa PLAXIS 3D (2012), considerándose los mismos parámetros y propiedades de las estructuras de contención y de los suelos que conforman el perfil estratigráfico, de acuerdo con el modelo constitutivo de Mohr Coulomb.
Stresses in lining of a circular tunnel from field measurements and analytical solution
Authors: Pérez Ángeles Marco A.  , Auvinet Guichard Gabriel Y.  , Rodríguez Rebolledo Juan F.
Published: February 2025

A new analytical solution [1] is used to calculate stress distributions in the lining of a circular tunnel which will be part of the drainage system of Mexico City. This solution uses specific values of total radial stress measured with pressure cells installed on the primary tunnel lining. The results are compared with stresses estimated following an analysis criterion for final lining of tunnels in soft soils based on the finite element method [2]. It is concluded that stresses obtained from pressure cells and the analytical solution globally agree with those obtained from the design criterion.
Influência da declividade na classificação de risco de deslizamento de terra baseado no método AHP em Vitória, ES, Brasil
Authors: Ferrão G.V.  , Bicalho K.V.  , Castro Junior R.  , Bortoloti F.  , Sarmento R.
Published: February 2025

Os deslizamentos de terra tem sido um dos principais riscos naturais no Brasil e com consequências desastrosas no âmbito social, econômico e político. Uma forma de evitar esses acidentes é antecipar a ocorrência dos eventos. E, Projetos municipais estão sendo desenvolvidos nas cidades brasileiras para estimativa, gestão e mitigação de risco de deslizamento de terra para a área mapeada. O mapeamento de risco consiste em selecionar as áreas instáveis e classificá-las quanto à possibilidade de ocorrência de acidentes. Entretanto a aplicação de métodos qualitativos na elaboração de mapas de risco de deslizamento de terra com um alto grau de subjetividade pode produzir resultados pouco confiáveis. Desta forma o método de Processo de Análise Hierárquica (AHP) tem sido aplicado e auxiliado no mapeamento de uma região ao definir uma hierarquia de elementos de decisão (fatores). O método analisa quais fatores que mais contribuem para o deslizamento de terra e designa o peso para cada variável, por meio da comparação de acordo com uma escala pré-definida. Este artigo mostra através de uma análise estatística que aproximadamente 85% das ocorrências de deslizamentos de terra registrados na cidade de Vitória, ES, localizada na região Sudeste do Brasil, apresentam uma declividade entre 17° e 60°. E, que na aplicação do método AHP, o peso dado aos valores de declividade que estão próximo aos limites máximos de suas classes, poderá influenciar na determinação do grau de risco de uma determinada encosta.
Evaluación de Susceptibilidad de Fenómenos de Remoción en Masa Usando Redes Neuronales Artificiales, Para la Ciudad de Tunja Boyacá
Authors: Monroy Javier Alcides Soto  , Jiménez Jiménez Omar Javier
Published: February 2025

Entre los países de América del Sur, Colombia por estar localizada en la región intertropical del planeta presenta diferentes climas, dado los diversos pisos térmicos existentes, logrando dos estaciones de invierno y dos de verano. Debido a estos aspectos, cada región del país Colombiano tiene diferente grado de exposición a procesos erosivos, fenómenos de remoción en masa, inundaciones, eventos sísmicos, etc. Para los propósitos de este trabajo se plantea la utilización de Redes Neuronales Artificiales para estimar la susceptibilidad a FRM. La información que se proporcionó al modelo neuronal, se creó mediante una base de datos dividiendo el área de estudio en una malla de 50 m de lado, este tamaño de celda es adecuado para el nivel de detalle considerado (escala regional). En cada cuadrado se evalúan todas las variables predisponentes, obteniendo una matriz de dimensión Ma x Mb, donde Ma es el número de celdas estudiadas (3623) y Mb es el número de caracteres considerados (19). Se inicia verificando que todas las variables de entrada presenten valores numéricos en el intervalo [0 1]. Posteriormente se crean varias arquitecturas del modelo durante el proceso de entrenamiento de la red neuronal artificial (RNA), hasta que aprenda y arroje resultados coherentes; verificado mediante la obtención del error medio cuadrático, el cual debe ser cercano a cero. La arquitectura que presente el menor error se considera adecuada para resolver el problema planteado y se utiliza durante el proceso de validación de los datos y para obtener la matriz de salida que indique el nivel de susceptibilidad. El modelo final de la red neuronal arrojara una salida la cual es un valor numérico entre uno (1) y cero (0); en el caso que el valor sea cercano a uno (1) se la probabilidad de ocurrencia de movimientos en masa es alta; en caso contrario si es cercano a cero (0) hay ausencia de FRM. Los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación de la metodología, indican que la mayor parte de la zona de estudio presenta susceptibilidad muy baja.
Evalution of Railway Track Substructure using Ground Penetrating Radar Coupled with Time Domain Reflectometry
Authors: Alsabhan Abdullah  , Fratta Dante  , Tinjum James
Published: February 2025

Ballast fouling in railway substructure leads to a reduction in bearing capacity, a decrease in the drainage capacity, and an increase in track deformation. As a consequence of these detrimental effects, riding comfort, speed, and capacity are reduced and, if the problem is not addressed, track misalignment may lead to derailment. This problem is costly; thus, optimizing the maintenance operation is required to reduce the overall cost of freight and passenger transportation. This study presents a methodology to identify depth of fouling and fouling type in railway track substructure using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) coupled with Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). This investigation was conducted on a mainline track section that has been underperforming with continuing maintenance operations. TDR measurements were conducted to determine the relative dielectric permittivity to thus calibrate and interpret the results obtained by 200-MHz-GPR profiles. Ballast specimens were obtained and tested in addition to Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) testing in the field to validate the geophysical results. Results show that TDR applications can be beneficial to the interpretation of GPR profiles and to quantify the level of fouling in larger scale maintenance operations.
Mapeamento Geotécnico de Áreas de Risco da Bacia do Itacorubi
Authors: Sakamoto Miryan Yumi  , de Abreu Rodrigo Paulo  , Contessi Rodolfo Joaquim  , de Oliveira Mônica Carvalho Generini  , Guesser Luiz Henrique  , dos Reis Higashi Rafael Augusto
Published: February 2025

Os deslizamentos de encostas são um dos principais desastres naturais do Brasil, envolvendo o maior número de vítimas fatais e estão frequentemente relacionados ao mau uso e ocupação do solo. Assim, surge a necessidade de criação de um mapeamento de áreas de risco, que mostre faixas aceitáveis de ocupação. Para a elaboração da pesquisa, foi necessário o levantamento das condicionantes do meio físico, tais como o mapa pedológico, litológico e topográfico. Desse modo, tornou-se possível a aplicação da metodologia proposta [1], em que, por meio da superposição dos mapas citados, obtém-se uma previsão do comportamento de polígonos de solos, denominados unidades geotécnicas. Tais unidades compõe o mapa geotécnico que, juntamente com o Modelo Digital do Terreno (MDT), serve de base para a aplicação do modelo SHALSTAB (Shallow Slope Stability Model), no qual se combina parâmetros de resistência do solo com dados hidrológicos da bacia para a geração de mapas de suscetibilidade a deslizamentos rasos. A determinação dos parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento do solo foi realizada por meio do equipamento Borehole Shear Test (BST) e por ensaios laboratoriais de cisalhamento direto, sendo a pesquisa focada no uso dos resultados do BST por se tratar de um ensaio in situ e ainda pouco explorado em território nacional. Com base nesses dados, pode-se realizar a análise da instabilidade de encostas para a bacia do Itacorubi com a aplicação do modelo proposto.
A Review of Large Triaxial Tests on Coarse Rockfill Samples
Authors: Ovalle Carlos  , Bard Edgar  , Dano Christophe  , Hicher Pierre-Yves  , Dorador Leonardo  , Campaña José  , Palma Carolina  , Acuña Gonzalo
Published: February 2025

We have compiled results of large triaxial tests on rockfills with maximum particle size larger than 100 mm. The aim is to extend the current database, which is based on tests performed in the 1960's, including recent results obtained in Chile and France. The influence of the initial grading and particle crushing on dilatancy, shear strength and compressibility is discussed.
Geotechnical and geophysical exploration in archaeological heritage: initial assessment at Huaca de la Luna
Authors: Zavala Guillermo  , López Saulo  , Pando Miguel  , Zegarra Jorge  , Morales Ricardo  , Uceda Santiago  , Castañeda Benjamín  , Aguilar Rafael
Published: February 2025

This paper presents results of geotechnical and geophysical tests carried out at Huaca de la Luna, which is one of the most important adobe archaeological complexes in Perú. This complex is located at the north coast of Perú just south of the city of Trujillo. This huaca is a massive earthen structure in the form of a stepped pyramid, occupying an area of approximately 8200 m2and with an approximate height of 21 m, built by the Moche civilization from 100 AD to 650 AD. Archaeological and conservation works are being carried out at this site since the beginning of the 90s. An ongoing research project led by the last two authors has revealed some fissures and cracks in adobe walls and columns in some areas of the huaca particularly close to the northern façade of the structure. This identified damage has motivated the geotechnical and geophysical investigation summarized in this paper. To characterize the foundation soils of the areas of interest of the huaca a series of Multichannel Analyses of Surface Waves (MASW) and seismic cone penetration tests (SCPTu) have been carried out. These tests were performed primarily to develop a generalized geotechnical profile and estimate engineering properties. The results of SCPTu tests showed that near the North façade practical cone refusals occurred at depths ranging between 6 and 12 m which provides evidence of a sloping competent foundation layer which seems consistent with the observed slope of the granite outcrops of the adjacent granite rock Cerro Blanco hill which is located just to the east of the Huaca. The paper discusses the shear wave velocity profiles from the MASW and SCPTu tests which in general were found to be in good agreement. The analyses of the results of these tests indicate that the sloping bedrock layer is shallower as we move to the east from the NW corner. Further structural and geotechnical studies are being carried out for assessing the pattern and magnitude of foundation settlements near the NW corner of this monument which is where most of the structural damage has been observed.
Auscultación Geotécnica y Control de Cimentaciones, en Construcciones Singulares. Determinación del Módulo de Deformación a Escala Natural
Authors: Tissera Bracamonte Luis
Published: February 2025

La auscultación geotécnica para control de cimentaciones, mide la deformación del terrenos sometido a presiones de contacto, y son de aplicación en obras de lineales de terraplenes-rellenos estructurales; y para estructuras resistentes singulares, sobre terreno natural, como lo son edificios de gran altura en medios urbanos. Son métodos adecuados para control, y verificación de la estabilidad de la construcción realizada. En los casos de estructuras de Torres edificadas sobre terreno natural, o de obras de edificación construidas con relleno estructural, como son los casos presentados, se predice en proyecto una máxima deformación teórica, en base a parámetros geotécnicos, y como resultado de una modelización de interacción suelo-estructura, que deberá ser contrastada con los resultados de la respectiva auscultación.
Innovative Technologies for the Control of Soil Compaction: Review of the State of the Art and Experiences in Chile
Authors: Herrera Felipe  , Espinace Raúl  , Palma Juan
Published: February 2025

The company Geotecnia Ambiental together with the Geotechnical Group of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, with financing from INNOVA-CORFO of Chile, approached the challenge of adapting innovative, efficient, environmentally sustainable and precise technologies as alternatives in the process control of soil compaction of Chilean road infrastructure and backfill projects, through an investigation from 2012 and 2014. During the investigation more than twenty state of the art control technologies that exist on a world level were reviewed. Based on the background information dynamic lightweight penetrometer PANDA and the dynamic load plate LFG Pro were selected, of French and German engineering respectively, for use in Chile. Advantages and disadvantages for each system, as well as fields of application, output parameters and proposed methodology were all considered for use in future compaction control projects.
El Ensayo de Integridad por Perfil Térmico, un nuevo método para evaluación de integridad de cimentaciones profundas
Authors: Beim Gina  , Beim Jorge  , Lima Sandre Cyrre
Published: February 2025

La ejecución de fundaciones coladas in situ, tales como pilotes perforados, barrenados, etc., naturalmente requiere extrema cautela por parte de todos los profesionales que intervienen en la obra. Las características del proceso de hormigonado de estos elementos de fundación hacen difícil comprobar que el pilote se ha instalado con las dimensiones del proyecto, y que el hormigón está perfectamente intacto. Un nuevo ensayo de integridad fue desarrollado con el fin de proporcionar más informaciones sobre las condiciones de estos elementos de cimentación. El ensayo se basa en mediciones de la temperatura de cura del hormigón, realizada a lo largo del fuste de 12 a 48 horas tras el hormigonado, usando sensores térmicos. Este documento proporciona una visión general del método de análisis de integridad a través del perfil térmico (TIP – Thermal Integrity Profiling), detalla el procedimiento de ensayo y discute el análisis de las mediciones de temperatura. Se presenta también un caso de obra, y se discute las principales ventajas de este tipo de ensayo. A conclusión se presenta una discusión sobre las situaciones en las que el Ensayo de Integridad por Perfil Térmico dará una mejor información sobre la integridad del pilote.
Estudo de Emissões de Gases em Colunas de Solo Simulando Camadas de Cobertura Oxidativa de Aterro Sanitário
Authors: Barros Araujo Leila  , Duarte Costa Magdalena  , Thomé Jucá José Fernando
Published: February 2025

Os aterros sanitários são grandes emissores de gás metano, por isso, devem possuir sistemas capazes de diminuir as emissões através do aproveitamento, queima e/ou drenagem do metano. Porém, as camadas de cobertura contribuem para reduzir as emissões fugitivas que escapam por elas. Assim, são realizados estudos para encontrar camadas alternativas com o uso de compostos orgânicos, que através das bactérias metanotróficas, podem oxidar o metano, aumentando a eficiência da camada, como realizado nessa pesquisa. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a eficiência da oxidação do metano, através da amostragem dos gases em diferentes pontos de uma coluna experimental, simulando a camada de cobertura utilizada em uma célula experimental de um aterro sanitário. A coluna foi confeccionada com segmentos de tubo plástico rígido com diâmetro interno de 15 cm e altura total de 75 cm. A coluna foi preenchida com 30 cm de solo compactado sobreposta com 30 cm de mistura de 50% de solo mais 50% de composto orgânico e instrumentada com sensores para medir temperatura, condutividade elétrica e umidade, com os dados armazenados em datalogger. O fluxo de gás metano injetado foi de 0,5 NL/h controlado por rotâmetros e feita leitura dos gases com o detector portátil de gases. Após os ensaios, foi verificado que a mistura de solo+composto utilizada mostrou-se adequada para a oxidação, mas não se pode concluir que todo o gás metano foi oxidado, e sim que há uma tendência de oxidação na camada, onde a coluna reteve, em média, 60% do gás metano injetado.
Temporal analysis of side effects produced by foam agents in the soil excavated with Earth Pressure Balance (EPB)
Authors: Pedraza Alvaro  , Selmi Moez  , Mesticou Zyed  , Dubujet Philippe  , Kacem Mariem  , Murillo Carol
Published: February 2025

The use of foaming agents, is a tunneling technique frequently used with Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM). The main objective of the Materials and Processes for Sustainable Construction (MaPCoD) project is to characterize the treated material with foaming agent, during its evolution over time. Indeed there are few studies presenting a research methodology to evaluate the degradation of pollutant in soils, like the foaming agent used. The foaming agents are surfactant-lubricant chemical compounds. The air system of TBM and foaming agents create bubbles, which are integrated with the soil, this treatment changes the hydro-mechanical properties, allowing easy excavation. Degradation tests (spirometry), viscosity tests (capillary viscometer), mechanical tests (compressibility, consolidation, shear tests and triaxial tests), and curves of water retention over time were used to describe the soil's behavior. The hydro-mechanical properties are not drastically changed after the treated soil reaches 50% of degradation.
Neutron imaging of rock mechanics experiments
Authors: Tudisco Erika  , Hall Stephen A.  , Hovind Jan  , Kardjilov Nikolay  , Charalampidou Elli Maria  , Sone Hiroki
Published: February 2025

Understanding the mechanical behaviour of porous rocks and how this influences the fluid flow is key in a number of resource engineering challenges, in particular hydrocarbon production and CO2 sequestration. Deformation in these porous materials is, in general, not homogeneous, as deformation localises into narrow shear or compaction bands, which might then evolve into fractures. These local deformation features can act as barriers or conduits for fluid flow, depending on their evolution and resultant properties. This work focusses on achieving quantitative understanding of how localised deformation (shear or compaction bands and fractures) can change (local and global) permeability in porous rocks. In particular the aim is to overcome limitations of traditional methods for permeability measurement, which consider bulk sample measurements, and do not provide a good understanding of the permeability variations in the presence of material heterogeneity, e.g., localised deformations. Better understanding of the controlling factors on permeability evolution due to localised deformation requires mapping of the full permeability and strain fields through test specimens. Neutron tomography, in combination with 3D-volumetric Digital Image Correlation (3D-DIC) is used to measure deformation and fast neutron radiography is used to visualise fluid-flow through the characterised deformed samples.
Temporal Properties of Legal Decision Networks: A Case Study from the International Criminal Court
Authors: Tarissan Fabien  , Nollez-Goldbach Raphaëlle
Published: February 2025

Many studies have proposed to apply artificial intelligence techniques to legal networks, whether it be for highlighting legal reasoning, resolving conflict or extracting information from legal databases. In this context, a new line of research has recently emerged which consists in considering legal decisions as elements of complex networks and conduct a structural analysis of the relations between the decisions. It has proved to be efficient for detecting important decisions in legal rulings. In this paper, we follow this approach and propose to extend structural analyses with temporal properties. We define in particular the notion of relative in-degree, temporal distance and average longevity and use those metrics to rank the legal decisions of the two first trials of the International Criminal Court. The results presented in this paper highlight non trivial temporal properties of those legal networks, such as the presence of decisions with an unexpected high longevity, and show the relevance of the proposed relative in-degree property to detect landmark decisions. We validate the outcomes by confronting the results to the one obtained with the standard in-degree property and provide juridical explanations of the decisions identified as important by our approach.
Explaining Legal Bayesian Networks Using Support Graphs
Authors: Timmer Sjoerd T.  , Meyer John-Jules Ch.  , Prakken Henry  , Renooij Silja  , Verheij Bart
Published: February 2025

Legal reasoning about evidence can be a precarious exercise, in particular when statistics are involved. A number of recent miscarriages of justice have provoked a scientific interest in formal models of legal evidence. Two such models are presented by Bayesian networks (BNs) and argumentation. A limitation of argumentation is that it is difficult to embed probabilities. BNs, on the other hand, are probabilistic by nature. A disadvantage of BNs is that it can be hard to explain what is modelled and how the results came about. Assuming that a forensic expert presents evidence in a way that is either already a BN or expressed in terms that easily map to a simple BN, we may wish to express the same information in argumentative terms. We address this issue by translating Bayesian networks to arguments. We do this by means of an intermediate structure, called a support graph, which represents the variables from the Bayesian network, maintaining independence information in the network, but connected in a way that more closely resembles argumentation. In the current paper we test the support graph method on a Bayesian network from the literature. We argue that the resulting support graph adequately captures the possible arguments about the represented case. In addition, we highlight strengths and limitations of the method that are revealed by this case study.
On Modeling Cognitive and Affective Factors in Legal Decision-making
Authors: Indurkhya Bipin  , Misztal-Radecka Joanna
Published: February 2025

In recent years, many empirical studies of legal decision-making process have shown that it incorporates many cognitive, affective, and supra-legal factors. Our goal is to design artificial intelligence systems that model these aspects of legal decision-making. Our vision is to implement a kind of legal assistant that can be used by lawyers and judges to run through different scenarios and produce arguments for different, and possibly contradictory, decisions. We propose a multi-agent blackboard architecture for such an assistive system, employing some insights from our previous work on a context-aware recommender system.
The Force of EU Case Law: A Multi-dimensional Study of Case Citations
Authors: Panagis Yannis  , Šadl Urška
Published: February 2025

The power of courts to change law via case law is among the most persistent and contested themes in the study of courts. In this article we empirically investigate whether the Court of Justice of the European Union (the Court) is constrained by its case law, and whether this can have a legitimatizing effect on its decision making. In contrast to previous literature on citation networks, which takes into account entire documents in constructing citation networks, we build a network of references to individual paragraphs of judgments, and their adjacent texts. We then analyze the paragraph texts with the aid of keyword extraction and topic modelling. Our findings can explain the legal relevance of citations and cited cases, as well as their normative force.
Artificial Classification Models and Real Data
Authors: Brumen Boštjan  , Rozman Ivan  , Černezel Aleš
Published: February 2025

Background: A general restrictions-free theory supporting a functional dependency between the data, the artificial classification algorithm's internal specifics and its performance (e.g. error) has not yet been devised. Thus, in the design phase of building a classification tree, an important choice of selecting an appropriate algorithm family must be made.
Real-time Sensing, Processing and Actuating Functions of 5D World Map System: A Collaborative Knowledge Sharing System for Environmental Analysis
Authors: Sasaki Shiori  , Kiyoki Yasushi
Published: February 2025

This paper presents real-time sensing, processing and actuating functions of a collaborative knowledge sharing system called 5D World Map System, and the applications in the field of multidisciplinary environmental research and education. The first objective is to integrate the analysis of sensing data into a knowledge sharing system with multimedia, based on the framework of Sensing-Processing-Actuation of Cyber-Physical Systems. The proposed real-time sensing, processing and actuating functions enable multiple remote-users to acquire real-time sensing data from multiple sites around the world, perform analytical visualizations of the acquired sensing data by the selected calculation methods on the system to discover the incidental phenomena, and provide the analysed results to related users' terminal equipment automatically. The second objective of the research is to realize a new multidimensional data analysis and knowledge sharing system for a collaborative environment by applying the concept of “differential computing” to the analysis of sensing data. Especially, in the processing function, the time-series difference of the value of each sensor, the differences between the values of multiple sensors in a selected area, and the time-series differences between the values of multiple sensors, are calculated, to detect an environmental incident and estimate the possibility of occurrence of the same kind of incident in the neighboring sites within the same area. By using 5D World Map System integrated with these functions, the users are able to perform a global analysis on the environmental sensing data along with the related multimedia data on a single view of time-series maps, based on the spatiotemporal and semantic correlation calculations.
Static Hand Gesture Recognition Based on Neighborhood Rough Set
Authors: Cui Zhen-Xing  , Yang Ming-Qiang  , Zeng Wei  , Zhuang Hui-Wei
Published: February 2025

Hand gesture recognition has become a major focus of research in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI). This work proposes a static hand gesture recognition system. The Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) was used for feature extraction. The features are reduced by PCA and further reduced using the attribute reduction algorithm in the theory of the neighborhood rough set. Then, the weight of every feature is calculated using the attribute significance algorithm in the theory of neighborhood rough sets. The weighted features are applied as input to the fuzzy neural network to recognize static hand gestures. Experimental results on commonly-referred databases show that the proposed method based on neighborhood rough sets improves the recognition accuracy of fuzzy neural networks.
The convergence of a new method for large-scale box constrained variational inequality problem
Authors: Zhu Lin
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present an inexact Newton method for solving large-scale box constrained variational inequality problem. By using a smooth value function, the large-scale box constrained variational inequality problem is reformulated as a series of parameterized smooth equations. The corresponding linear equations is solved nearly in every iteration. Under the mild assumption, it is obtainable that the proposed algorithm is globally convergent.
Automatic Error Checking and Correction of Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Lv Yuan-Yuan  , Deng Yong-Li  , Liu Ming-Liang  , Lu Qi-Yong
Published: February 2025

Tn this paper, an effective error checking and correction method of or Chinese medical records recognized by OCR is proposed. In our research, an optimized N-gram language model based on vocabulary rather than words is adopted to correct errors, and supervised machine learning based on maximum entropy (MaxEnt) is deployed to build a model for tokenization and named entity recognition. A medical knowledge base (MKB) is established, including dictionaries of medicine, symptoms, diseases, etc., and the frequency of each word as it appeared in the study corpus. Furthermore a Knowledge Base for Error correction (KBE) is built to automatically correct high-frequency errors. With the developed approach, the accuracy rate of the electronic medical record increases from 85.20% to 95.72%, indicating an error reduction of 71.08%.