bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Nation Imagined Differently
Authors: Yngvesson Dag , Alarilla Adrian
Published: January 2021

Re-examining longstanding scholarly assumptions about how media has shaped collective images of nationhood in Southeast Asia, this chapter argues that early Indonesian directors like Usmar Ismail, Nya Abbas Akup, and Asrul Sani adapted the modern medium of cinema not only to envision, but to continually trouble the viability of the Jakarta-centered ‘unity in diversity’ called for by President Soekarno in the 1950s. Closely reading Ismail’s Tamu Agung (Honoured Guest, 1955) and Akup’s Tiga Buronan (Three Fugitives, 1957), we focus on two apparent paradoxes in what came to be known as Indonesia’s classical national cinema: filmmakers’ apprehensive view of nationalism; and their enthusiastic appropriation of local traditions and culturally-specific concepts – including ones considered ‘backward’ or provincial – despite the stated goal of modernizing national representation.
Pearl Tears on the Silver Screen
Authors: Ferguson Jane M.
Published: January 2021

The early years of Burmese postcolonial independence (1948) saw a tremendous expansion of the Tatmadaw (Burmese Armed Forces) predicated on an ongoing civil war and the Kuomintang ‘incursion’ in the northeastern Shan State. The same years comprised the beginning of the so-called ‘golden age’ of Burmese cinema. Amidst films of various genres, historical fiction war films glorifying Burmese soldiers and peasants as heroes, and constructing archetypes of enemies to the country’s independence marked an important shift from earlier colonial-era nationalist films which had sought to reclaim Burmese sovereignty by harking back to the grandeur of prior Burmese dynasties. Instead, while war experiences are homogenized and enemies are stereotyped, national heroes were now created as part of a post-independence political milieu.
Medieval Theories of Nutrition and Health
Authors: Vaughan Theresa A.
Published: January 2021

Ancient Greek humoral theory, as formulated primarily by Hippocrates
and Galen, formed the basis of theoretical medicine in the Middle Ages.
This chapter provides a brief overview of humoral theory, and explains
how diet was directly related to disease and health in the Greek medical
system. This chapter also traces some of the changes and modifications
of humoral theory which took place through the Middle Ages.
The Special Problem of Nutrition and Women’s Health
Authors: Vaughan Theresa A.
Published: January 2021

In this chapter, we move beyond the basics of humoral theory to those
recommendations specific to women’s health. In particular, dietary
recommendations for women’s health are considered as they pertain to
theoretical medicine but also as they concern religion and folk medicine.
Specific concerns about women were typically found in gynaecological
texts. Pregnancy was typically viewed as a condition which required
special treatment, but dietary treatment was often similar to that used
for any ill or recuperating person.
Theoretical Medicine vs. Practical Medicine
Authors: Vaughan Theresa A.
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the differences between theoretical medicine,
empirical medicine (or medicine as practiced), and folk medicine. A
particular focus on midwives and traditional healers will be enhanced
by examining folklore, herbals, and other diverse examples where we can
find evidence of traditional medicine. Examples of contemporary debates
between traditional healing and mainstream medicine may help us sort
out the different medical traditions of the Middle Ages.
The Trotula and the Works of Hildegard of Bingen
Authors: Vaughan Theresa A.
Published: January 2021

Two thirteenth century works on medicine attributed to women are
examined for what they tell us about those writing inside and outside
the medical tradition, and what the authors might have known about
folk medicine. The Trotula is traditionally attributed to a female author
(Trota) who was a teacher in the medical school at Salerno. While only
part of the book, if any, was written by Trota, the text was a mainstay of
gynaecological treatment through the sixteenth century. Hildegard of
Bingen was a prolific author and abbess who wrote two works addressing
health: Causae et curae and Physica. All three texts are examined and
compared for their take on humoral theory and influence of folk medicine.
The Legacy of the Trotula
Authors: Vaughan Theresa A.
Published: January 2021

The Trotula went on to influence many medical texts which addressed
women’s health. Other texts which address diet and health, as well as
gynaecology, are examined to trace how the recommendations found the
Trotula changed over time. In addition, texts in the vernacular became
more common, such as Platina’s On Right Pleasure and Good Health, the
Tacuina sanitatis, or The Sykenesse of Wymmen. Cookbooks also became
more common and can indicate some recipes used to treat the ill or infirm.
Examination of these texts focuses on dietary advice for women.
Religious Conflict and Religious Accommodation
Authors: Vaughan Theresa A.
Published: January 2021

Church teachings against gluttony and the inherently sinful nature of
women may have affected dietary recommendations for health. The virtues
of fasting and avoidance of meat were extoled by the Church as a means
to control bodily appetites, although a strong anti-feminist tradition in
ecclesiastical literature reveals a long-held belief that women by nature
were particularly prone to sinful behaviour, as well as tempting men to sin
and lust. De secretis mulierum will be examined as a particularly egregious
example of anti-feminist literature. Other anti-feminist literature, such
as the Distaff Gospels and some fabliaux will also be examined.
Cú Chulainn and Expressions of Foster Fatherhood
Authors: O’Donnell Tom C.
Published: January 2021

This chapter introduces the concept of fosterage in medieval Ireland, who was fostered, by whom and the terminology that was used to express these relationships. How fosterage was practiced will have an effect on the emotions within fosterage were created and expressed. Taking the figure of Cú Chulainn as a case study, we see that maternal kin were usually used as fosterers and so the practice allowed a continued emotional connection to remain with the mother’s family. Cú Chulainn’s multiple fosterage is used to examine how prevalent that practice was in medieval Irish society and what impact it had on the bond between foster fathers and their foster children.
Cinema as (In)Visible Object
Authors: Nardelli Matilde
Published: January 2021

Through a focus on Runa Islam’s installation Cabinet of Prototypes
(2009–2010), but drawing on the work of Tobias Putrih, Janet Cardiff, and
George Bures Miller among others, this essay explores the commitment
to displaying the objectness of historical cinema and its filmic apparatus
in contemporary art. It argues that in setting up tangible, specific ways
to look at the medium of cinema, the artistic practice of artists such as
Islam effectively offers a theorization of cinema itself for the age of its
obsolescence. Art practices, such as Islam’s, that are simultaneously a
kind of curation of cinema constitute not only a way of reflecting on
the medium’s historicity, but also of experimenting with its possible
reemergence as something other than its historical self.
Materializing the Body of the Actor
Authors: Connolly Maeve
Published: January 2021

Actors, extras, and models, engaged in scripted or staged performances,
have featured prominently in artists’ film and video since the 1990s.
But some artists have also used more specifically sculptural means to
materialise acting bodies within the physical space of the gallery. Focusing
on works by Cécile B. Evans, Nathaniel Mellors, and Clemens von
Wedemeyer, this chapter explores how artists have articulated changes
in the imagination of the human body, within the realm of acting and the
performance of emotional labour. Their works suggest an emerging tension
between the body conceived as an organic store of experience, following
the logic of Method acting, and the body conceived as a surface for the
display of signals, to be scanned and recognised by non-human things.
How to Spell ‘Film’
Authors: Pantenburg Volker
Published: January 2021

In their performances and installation work, Sandra Gibson and Luis Recoder address the specificities of cinema by investigating the event of projection. Modifying film projectors by removing essential parts and subverting the protocols of projection, the artists foreground the basic elements of cinematic articulation. Focusing primarily on Light Spill (2005) and Reduction Print (2014) and comparing them to canonical contributions to structural film, the chapter argues that the object-based and performancebased trajectories in Gibson + Recoder’s work as two distinct strategies of circumscribing the media complex ‘film’ and the cultural technique of cinema. In doing so, they also provide a genuine way to re-negotiate the peculiarities of the cinema and contemporary exhibition spaces.
Douglas Gordon and the Gallery of the Mind
Authors: Cooper Sarah
Published: January 2021

Made in collaboration with Rufus Wainwright after the loss of his mother,
Douglas Gordon’s Phantom (2011) engages gallery-goers in an embodied
perceptual experience of the darkness of grief, which is felt as well as seen.
And yet the titular phantom points to what ghosts embodied vision, making
space for images of the mind’s eye. Lost love, mourned but also conjured
back through memory, dream, or imagination, extends beyond the personal
to include a bygone era of classical film. Phantom draws from and returns
us to cinema, expanding the experience of the moving image through its
insistence upon the importance of both what is present or visible in the
gallery space and what exists in the liminal state of mental vision.
A Throw of the Dice Will Never Abolish Chance
Authors: North Kirstie
Published: January 2021

Tacita Dean’s Section Cinema (Homage to Marcel Broodthaers), 2002, signals towards the changing nature of artists’ mediums in an age of digital ascendancy. Marcel Broodthaers is a key figure for a younger generation of artists who are registering the shift from analogue mediums to digital ones. Despite the presence of an affiliation between analogue film and chance in numerous projects by Broodthaers, it has gone unnoticed in much of the discourse that surrounds his work. When we view Broodthaers cinema through the lens of Tacita Dean’s film, an openness to chance and contingency emerges as the most promising, and most threatened specificity of analogue film.
The Photo-Filmic Diorama
Authors: Pethő Ágnes
Published: January 2021

The chapter focuses on a particular type of tableau construction in which
the image is built like a glass case display, encapsulating an entire world
of its own, combining 2D and 3D effects. With examples ranging from Jeff
Wall’s light boxes, Gregory Crewdson’s and Hiroshi Sugimoto’s cinematic
photographs, to a case study of Gustav Deutsch’s film/installation Shirley:
Visions of Reality (2013), the chapter traces the inflections of such a photofilmic
diorama as a versatile “cubicle aesthetic” which reconfigures the
traditional dynamic of “absorption and theatricality” (Michael Fried) of
the tableau form and reveals the imbrication of different art practices.
The diverging features of such a dioramic tableau in photography and
film are interpreted in terms of intermediality and defamiliarization.
Friendly Social Surveillance
Authors: Hjorth Larissa , Ohashi Kana , Sinanan Jolynna , Pink Sarah , Horst Heather , Kato Fumitoshi , Zhou Baohua
Published: January 2021

Chapter 3 seeks to frame Digital Kinship in terms of debates around the
effects of media especially in terms of emotion, intimacy and surveillance.
Bringing discussions around emotion and media by scholars, along with
debates around social surveillance, mobility and transnationalism, this
chapter considers the ways that different forms of mobility (chosen and
enforced) are recalibrating familial ties.
Personal Visual Collecting and Self-Cataloguing
Authors: Hjorth Larissa , Ohashi Kana , Sinanan Jolynna , Pink Sarah , Horst Heather , Kato Fumitoshi , Zhou Baohua
Published: January 2021

Chapter 6 analyzes the growing role of the visual in social media practices
in terms of tensions between sharing, impression management and
self-cataloging.
Quotidian Care at a Distance
Authors: Hjorth Larissa , Ohashi Kana , Sinanan Jolynna , Pink Sarah , Horst Heather , Kato Fumitoshi , Zhou Baohua
Published: January 2021

Chapter 9 explores how some of these practices are playing out for our
participants and how this informs generational imaginaries around
data for care at a distance. How can we map and learn from some of the
informal media methods for care at a distance around supporting older
adult’s independence and social inclusion? And how can understanding
intergenerational emerging practices provide insight to that complicate
definitions of datafication and dataveillance (using data to watch people)?
Don Luis Castilla Offers to Sell Land in Manila (1629)
Authors: José Regalado Trota
Published: January 2021

A series of documents from the Archives of the University of Santo Tomás in Manila tell of the attempt by one Luis Castilla, an indigenous Tagalog speaker and member of the local aristocracy or “principalía,” to sell various parcels of land. As one of the oldest surviving examples of legal process in the Philippines, the Castilla dossier speaks of the rapid implantation of Spanish legal culture in Luzon, and of its adaptation to colonial conditions. The documents combine Spanish with Romanized Tagalog and Tagalog written in the native baybayin script, as well as some Chinese characters. They also help us appreciate how the early principalía managed to acquire land in the face of opposition from powerful forces in the Church. Regalado Trota José provides context and comments on the material aspects of the manuscripts.
Between Fiction and History in the Spanish Pacific
Authors: Legnani Nicole D.
Published: January 2021

Chapter Three of The Misfortunes of Alonso Ramírez, attributed to the
Novohispanic polymath Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora but widely believed
to be based on a true account, tells the tale of the title character’s captivity
among English pirates, who supposedly torture him for the information
they need to execute savage raids on Spanish positions in the Philippines,
and then plunder their way from Cambodia to Madagascar and Brazil.
Nicole Legnani situates the excerpt in the larger story told by the novel as
a whole and discusses the novel’s place in the broader context of colonial
Latin American literature and its transpacific commitments.
Motion in Maps, Maps in Motion
Authors: Segal Zef , Vannieuwenhuyze Bram , Netten Djoeke , Leca Radu , Ormeling Ferjan , Seemann Jörn , Monmonier Mark
Published: January 2021

Motion in Maps, Maps in Motion argues that the mapping of stories, movement, and change should not be understood as an innovation of contemporary cartography, but rather as an important aspect of human cartography with a longer history than might be assumed. The authors in this collection reflect upon the main characteristics and evolutions of story and motion mapping, from the figurative news and history maps that were mass-produced in early modern Europe, through the nineteenth- and twentieth-century flow maps that appeared in various atlases, up to the digital and interactive motion and personalized maps that are created today. Rather than presenting a clear and homogeneous history from the past up until the present, this book offers a toolbox for understanding and interpreting the complex interplays and links between narrative, motion, and maps.
Flow Mapping through the Times
Authors: Segal Zef
Published: January 2021

One of the most commonly used types of maps today are flow maps, which simultaneously
depict movement in time, place, and volume on a geographical map, as seen
in GPS navigation devices. This type of map-making was invented independently
during the 1830-1840s by three railway engineers from the United Kingdom, Belgium,
and France. However, as this chapter argues, the growing popularity of the genre
had little to do with the intent of the three pioneers. By looking at the context, in
which flow maps appeared, rather than the technique used to design them, the
chapter shows the importance of culture, politics, and ideology in understanding
the changing meanings of flow maps during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
A Mirror to Our Being
Authors: Walters Holly
Published: January 2021

The temple complex of Muktinath is both the primary site of Shaligram
veneration within Mustang as well as the endpoint of Shaligram pilgrimage.
Though identified in Puranic texts as existing in Himalayan Nepal and
mentioned by a series of names, such as Muktikshetra and Śālagrāma, it
is often unclear as to whether these passages refer to a place, a region, or
an ideal. As a Buddhist complex, Muktinath is more commonly referred
to as Chumig-Gyatsa (Hundred Waters). As such, Muktinath itself, much
like Mustang generally, is not specifically identifiable through any one
religious tradition and incorporates a variety of ritual practices, local and
foreign customs, and belief systems – all of which are recapitulated in
the Shaligram practices that follow.
A Bridge to Everywhere
Authors: Walters Holly
Published: January 2021

Shaligrams blur the boundaries between being and object and may be
either or both. For this reason, Shaligrams are treated as manifest deities
with their own will and agency and as ritual objects who organize community
participation around ritual events and social norms. Furthermore,
Shaligram practitioners do not typically view juxtapositions of “deity”
and “fossil” or “stone” and “body” as incommensurate with one another.
Rather, religion and science are leveraged as two narrative frameworks
that present possibilities for different ways of knowing. This results in
an understanding of Shaligrams as ammonites, Shaligrams as persons,
and Shaligrams as deities that views each as one part of a larger reality.
Turning to Stone
Authors: Walters Holly
Published: January 2021

Shaligram origin stories are as variable as the stones themselves. Whether
formed by the vajra-kita (thunderbolt worm) whose stone-carving capabilities
continue to link religious creation stories with ammonite paleontology
or by any number of curses levied at Vishnu for betraying the chastity of
the goddess Tulsi, the mountain and river birth of a Shaligram is always
preceded by a complex narrative of time, place, and personhood. The core
conceptualization of bodies as landscapes, however, remains constant. The
birth-death-rebirth processes of the landscape then becomes metonymic
for the karmic birth-death-rebirth cycle shared by humans, their deities,
and their Shaligrams.
Ashes and Immortality
Authors: Walters Holly
Published: January 2021

When a Shaligram dies, it begins a new journey: either cremated in the
hands of the dead or handed down to the next generation. As such, the
ever-present issue of mobility foregrounds both the life of a Shaligram and
the lives of practitioners. In an age of ever-increasing diaspora and digital
life, however, keeping up with changes in communities and families living
abroad has been a significant challenge for those maintaining Shaligram
practices. As a result, many Shaligram devotees are growing concerned
that millennia of Shaligram traditions are now in danger of extinction.
But there is hope yet, especially in the burgeoning platforms of digital
religion and the entrance of Shaligrams into the Dark Net.
Monsters and the Maternal Imagination : The ‘First Vision’ from Johann Remmelin’s 1619 Catoptrum microcosmicum Triptych
Authors: Moore Rosemary
Published: January 2021

The ‘First Vision’ of Johann Remmelin’s 1619 print triptych, Catoptrum
microcosmicum (Mirrors of the microcosm) teems with allegorical and
biblical emblems, alongside anatomical illustrations. This chapter focuses
on the serpent-haired creature that obscures the genitals of a pregnant
torso. The juxtaposition implies an affinity between the monstrous and the
maternal that is paralleled in early modern conceptions of the maternal
imagination. However, that affinity is far from straightforward. The print
belongs to an innovative category of anatomical illustration known as
the ‘fugitive sheet’. As such it employs carefully cut and pasted layers to
reproduce the spatiality of the body or organ depicted. Moving through
those layers, a number of surprising features are revealed, unsettling the
apparent symmetry and stability of the design.
‘The Most Deformed Woman in France’: Marguerite de Valois’s Monstrous Sexuality in the Divorce satyrique
Authors: Tresfels Cécile
Published: January 2021

The anonymous satirical Divorce satyrique (1660) stages the fake confession
of Henri IV, king of France, who justifies his divorce from Marguerite de
Valois by her monstrous sexuality, describing her as ‘the most deformed
woman in France’. This chapter explores how sexuality and monstrosity
are linked to representations of feminine power within the context of
general satire against the Valois family during the French Wars of Religion.
Additionally, it shows how this violent pamphlet is symptomatic of a
transitional period in which the definition of monstrosity evolves from
physical to internal abjection. This cultural transition allows the writer
to bring the sexual shaming of a woman to a new misogynistic level that
essentializes the concept of female depravity.
Ambiguous and Transitional Bodies: Stillbirth in Stockholm, 1691-1724
Authors: Paulsson Holmberg Tove
Published: January 2021

This essay explores the connection between discourses and images of
unborn corporeality and early modern perinatal loss. Stressing the ambiguous
and conditional status of unborn infants in birth manuals published
by Swedish physician and man-midwife Johan von Hoorn (1662-1724), it
analyses medical and religious emergency practices related to stillbirth:
decoding signs of decay and viability, podalic version, resuscitation techniques,
obstetric surgery and emergency baptism. The results suggest that
discourses and images of obstructed and stillborn infants were influenced
by the determination to intervene manually and conjured up by haptic
experiences conditioned by specific limitations and possibilities that
characterized birth practices in this context.
Reorienting Film History Spatially
Authors: Sim Gerald
Published: January 2021

This chapter applies Singapore’s postcolonial spatial epistemology to
rethink local film historiography, national identity, and film style. First, the
framework bridges Singapore’s bifurcated film history, namely its “golden
age” of the 50s and 60s, and the post-90s production revival. Second, in
mulling the relationship that bodies have with the inhabited environment,
it highlights the oeuvre of documentarian Tan Pin Pin, and finds a spatially
attuned artist who fashions affective poetics of ambivalence, uncertainty,
and hiraeth. A subsequent examination of unintended ironies created by
“new wave” films that appropriate the language of alienation popularized
by Western art cinemas, discovers a postcolonial style less reliant on
tropes such as mimicry, cultural authenticity, and subaltern agency. These
films conscript Deleuzean time-images and “any-space-whatevers” into a
postcolonial paradox, in which new wave-inspired films try unsuccessfully
to wrench individuals from the inextricable landscape.
Objectivity and Objectivities
Authors: Turquety Benoît
Published: January 2021

This chapter defines what the concept of “objectivity” meant for Straub and
Huillet and the history and recurrence of the term in modern literature.
It details the history of the Objectivists, a group of formally radical,
leftist, and mainly Jewish poets who emerged in 1930s America under
the influence of William Carlos Williams and Ezra Pound and whose
major representatives include Louis Zukofsky, George Oppen, and Charles
Reznikoff. They received little attention in their time and only marginal
attention decades later, but their working methods and philosophies are
strikingly similar to the cinematic practices of Huillet and Straub.
Activating the Renaissance Viewer: Art and Somaesthetic Experience
Authors: Terry-Fritsch Allie
Published: January 2021

Chapter One provides an in-depth introduction to somaesthetics as a methodological practice for Renaissance Art History and outlines the aims and content of the book. The chapter defines somaesthetic inquiry in relation to Medieval and Renaissance scholarship on the body, ritual, performance, and viewership, and advocates for a performative approach to the analysis of Renaissance art. Considering the dynamics of works of art that activate and emplace their viewers, the chapter explores the theoretical implications of considering Renaissance viewers as critical technologies in the rise and sustenance of power in Medicean Florence.
Shaping Family Identity among Korean Migrant Potters in Japan during the Tokugawa Period
Authors: Broomhall Susan
Published: January 2021

This chapter considers the management of family through analysis of manufacturing and cultural traditions among Koreans relocated to Japan during the Japanese invasions of the Korean peninsula during the period of the Imjin Wars (1592–98). In particular, it examines the monument created by Jissen, a fourth-generation son of the Fukaumi family who had come to Japan to work in ceramics during the period of the invasions. Potters were particularly desirable labourers during this period and Korean family-run operations were critical to the development of Japanese porcelain manufacture. By the beginning of the eighteenth century, when Jissen raised the temple monument to his great-grandparents, changing tea ceremony practices had brought Aritaware increased attention from the Japanese nobility, and then from a wider European clientele. This chapter analyses how his monument helped construct the identity of a translocated family, and gave meaning to dynasty, house and household in Tokugawa Japan.
Forced Separations
Authors: Hordvik Eilin
Published: January 2021

The British Empire’s global expansion during the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries led to considerable cross-cultural pollination, which in
turn significantly influenced social, political, and legal decision-making
across the colonies. To maintain law and order, Mauritius, a British colonial
possession in the Indian Ocean, introduced intra-colonial convict
transportation, adding to the coerced labour pool circulating between
colonies. For families of transported convicts, the separation was enduring
and most often permanent. The Mauritian convicts shipped to the
Australian penal colonies also lost their cultural and social frameworks.
Subsequently, their experiences and life trajectories in the penal colonies
often depended on their ability to forge new social connections, form
personal relationships, or find patronage.
‘If I Should Fall Behind’
Authors: Roitman Jessica
Published: January 2021

What happens when a mother has to leave her young child and husband
behind to go far away to work? Matilda Percival, a free woman of colour,
lived separated from her family for at least two years, and maintained
contact by writing home. This chapter uses Matilda’s letters as the basis
for a discussion of not just Matilda and her family, but a larger exploration
of how enslaved and free people of colour maintained family relationships
in the mid-nineteenth century. Themes such as migration, information
networks, and family structures will form the background to a story that
revolves around the struggle of one small family to deal with distance,
sickness, uncertainty, financial insecurity, and jealousy.
Relationships Lost and Found in the Mid-Sixteenth-Century Iberian Atlantic
Authors: Dalton Heather
Published: January 2021

At 21, Robert Tomson had become an integral part of an English merchant’s
household in Seville and in 1555 he joined their emigration to Mexico. There
he fell victim to the Inquisition. After languishing in jails in Mexico City
and Seville, Tomson resumed his career in Seville under the protection of
another English merchant and married a Spanish heiress. On returning to
England, Tomson, eager to avoid accusations of papacy, wrote an account
of his experiences. In this chapter I look at the personal relationships and
family connections central to his story, exploring a world where marriages
that transcended national ties and traditional boundaries were central to
individual survival and to the project of national expansion.
Intimate Affairs
Authors: Bregoli Francesca
Published: January 2021

The chapter investigates processes that allowed Jewish merchants in the
eighteenth-century Mediterranean area to sustain familial and commercial
obligation over time and space. Primarily based on the correspondence
of Tunis-based Joseph Franchetti to his sons and associates in Livorno
and Smyrna, this investigation shows that the intersection of family and
trade was both a constructed practice and a deeply held moral belief.
Strategies employed to preserve a feeling of familial commitment and to
educate younger relatives – such as the circulation of gifts, the emphatic
identification of love with obligation, and the reliance on surrogate kin
– are examined alongside parental fears regarding the risks that young
merchants away from home could pose to a family’s reputation and credit.
Various Actors: The Border Death Regime
Authors: Cuttitta Paolo , Häberlein Jana , Pallister-Wilkins Polly
Published: January 2021

Behind border deaths there is a variegated multiplicity of actors, guided
by different principles and motivations, which contribute in different
ways and to different extents to create the conditions for deaths to be
more or less likely to occur or be prevented. Moreover, distinctive public
and private actors enter the stage in the post-mortem phase. This chapter
provides a tentative overview of the main categories of actors, showing
the relationship different actors have with death, as well as with what
could be seen as its counterpart: survival (from the survivors’ perspective)
or rescue (from the rescuers’ perspective). The concluding section also
proposes the concept of a ‘border death regime’ to make sense of this
multitude of subjects.
Mortality and Border Deaths Data
Authors: Dearden Kate , Last Tamara , Spencer Craig
Published: January 2021

Statistics on border deaths have permeated public discourse over the last few years in Europe, in part due to the increased effort by academics, journalists, NGOs and international organizations to document these deaths. For researchers and policy makers, these quantitative data help indicate the severity of the phenomenon of people dying while trying to reach other countries in an irregularized manner. Such figures can also raise awareness and concern within the general public. This chapter is organized around the main challenges associated with quantitative border deaths data collection and dissemination. The chapter suggests strategies for improvement of the current context as well as directions for research and work on border deaths in the future.
Introduction: A State-of-the-Art Exposition on Border Deaths
Authors: Last Tamara
Published: January 2021

This chapter introduces the edited volume, Border Deaths: Causes, dynamics
and consequences of migration-related mortality, a timely state-of-theart
exposition of a field that emerged two decades ago but has grown
exponentially in the last few years. After introducing the origins and aims
of the edited volume, the author presents the emergent and interrelated
themes of mobility politics, race and decolonization, data, positionality
and centralizing the afflicted, which – she claims – offer direction for
opening up and moving forward discussions on border deaths.
Tradition and Reform
Authors: Cussen Bryan
Published: January 2021

Tradition has been a central formative principle of the Church from its
earliest years, continually orienting its theology, structure, and discipline
to preservation of the past. Humanism gilded that orientation with its
attachment to the classical world. The humanist preachers of Paul III’s
time framed the papal role in reform in terms of tradition. As a cardinal,
Alessandro Farnese played a minimal role in reform but, as pope, papal
honour moved him to commit to reform and the calling of a Council. His
understandings of reform and those of the eminent men he called to Rome
to frame a comprehensive reform program were guided by tradition and
the maintenance of papal honour.
Between automation and interpretation : Using data visualization in social media analytics companies
Authors: Laaksonen Salla-Maaria , Pääkkönen Juho
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the use of data visualizations in social media analytics companies. Drawing on a dataset of ethnographic field notes and thematic interviews in four Finnish social media analytics companies, we argue that data visualizations are crucially involved in how analytics-based knowledge claims become accepted by companies and their clients. Basing on previous research on visualizations in organizations and as a representational practice, we explore their role in social media analytics. We identify three practices of using visualizations, which we have named have simple-boxing, flatter-boxing, and pretty-boxing. We argue that these practices enable analysts to achieve the simultaneous aims of producing credible and valuable analytics in a context marked by high business promises.
Approaching data visualizations as interfaces : An empirical demonstration of how data are imag(in)ed
Authors: van Geenen Daniela , Wieringa Maranke
Published: January 2021

This chapter points out data visualization’s double role as explorative and communicative means in humanities research. We draw from science and technology studies looking at the mediation process at stake: the interaction between visualization tool and researcher. To emphasize this mediation process and expose the various decisions at its heart we introduce the term ‘data interface’. We highlight how visualizations function as data interfaces and visualization practices allow for interfacing with data biographing a network graph’s ‘life’. Using the lens of the ‘data interface’ underscores that a particular (network) visualization provides just one perspective on the data. Moreover, we examine if and how the used data interfaces encourage scholars to critically position their investigative work, during research processes and communication.
Data visualization and transparency inthe news
Authors: Kennedy, Helen , Weber Wibke , Engebretsen Martin
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the role of data visualization in relation to transparency in the news, a field in which a decline in trust and a subsequent need to reassert credibility is an ongoing challenge. Being transparent about how the news is produced is seen as one way of generating trust, yet there has been very little empirical research into transparency practices in newsrooms. Our chapter fills this gap, focusing on transparency and data visualization. We argue that working with data visualization involves particular enactments of transparency, many of which are surprisingly not visual.
What is visual-numeric literacy, and how does it work?
Authors: Tønnessen Elise Seip
Published: January 2021

This article explores the concept of literacy related to the use of data visualizations. Literacy is here understood as the ability to make sense from semiotic resources in an educational context. Theoretically the discussion is based in social semiotic theory on multimodality in the tradition of New Literacy Studies. Empirical examples are taken from observations in two Social Science classrooms in upper secondary school in Norway, where the students work with publicly available data visualizations to answer tasks designed by their teacher. The discussion sums up factors that affect reading and learning from such complex resources: taking time to explore axis system, variables, and digitally available options; questioning data; and contextualizing results.
What we talk about when we talk about beautiful data visualizations
Authors: Brinch Sara
Published: January 2021

‘Beautiful’ is an adjective often used in descriptions of well-designed data visualizations. How the concept is used, however, reveals that it is applied to characterize a variety of qualities. Going beyond mere descriptions, the use of the concept also lays bare a certain ambivalence among scholars and practitioners towards how beauty matters, and which means it serves in data visualization. Interrogating ‘beautiful’ as a characterizing word, combined with a study of cases of ‘best practice’ used as examples of beautiful visualizations in various discourses, this chapter presents an analysis of what is regarded as beautiful within the field of data visualization design. This, in turn, can inform the understanding of what beauty means in visualizing data, in the purpose of facilitating the viewer’s comprehension and engagement.
Making visible politically masked risks : Inspecting unconventional data visualization of the Southeast Asian haze
Authors: Suman Anna Berti
Published: January 2021

This contribution investigates the potential and challenges of data visualization
in stimulating a socially and legally accountable governance of
environmental risk affecting public health. The visualization analysed
results from ‘middle-up’ mapping efforts of the Southeast Asian haze
performed by environmental NGOs and civil society. It is argued that haze
governance failures are associated with both a lack of reliable evidence on
the haze risk and a denied access to existing information. In response to
this informational gap, unconventional solutions to state haze mapping
were generated by non-governmental actors. The aim of the chapter is
to explore to what extent such counter-mapping succeeded in making
visible politically masked risks, triggering human agency at the individual
and collective levels, and enabling a more accountable governance of
the haze risk.
House, Car, or Permanent Residency?
Authors: Ang Sylvia
Published: January 2021

While male migrants are an understudied group, even less attention has been paid to their heterosexual practices. This chapter locates such practices by examining online personal ads posted by higher-wage mainland Chinese migrant men in Singapore. This chapter empirically contributes to migration and masculinity studies by examining the understudied site of online personal ads. Theoretically, this chapter aims to contribute by firstly, extending Aihwa Ong’s (1999) theory of neoliberal flexibility to an analysis of Chinese masculinity. Secondly, even as Chinese migrant men exemplify neoliberal flexibility, the chapter argues that neoliberalism is not the only condition producing flexible masculinity. Rather, Chinese migrant men’s flexible subject-making can be analyzed as ‘variegated’ and simultaneously situated in cultural and social imaginaries.
Money, Maturity, and Migrant Aspirations
Authors: Alipio Cheryll
Published: January 2021

Since the state institutionalization of migrant labour began in the Philippines, countless children have been ‘left behind’ bereft of one, or even both, parents. Consequently, the moral evaluation of familial and financial responsibility has intensified. Drawing upon ethnographic fieldwork in the various institutions involved in the quotidian lives of young people, this chapter uses Cheryl Mattingly’s (2013) notion of the ‘moral laboratory’ at home and in school to explore lived engagements with money, morality, and mobility. In the reimagining and pursuit of future possibilities beyond a life of poverty and unemployment, this chapter contends that young people’s experimentation with money as a form of mobile or migrant aspiration reflects their strategic moral values and maturation.
The Psychosocial Image
Authors: Szymanski Adam
Published: January 2021

Chapter One charts a stylistic history of the cinema which shows how the 1965 arrival of Michaelangelo Antonioni’s film The Red Desert and Pier Paolo Pasolini’s concept of the cinema of poetry led to the emergence of a new kind of image: the psychosocial image. This psychosocial image overcomes a distinction that had previously been maintained between the psyche and the socius. In the expressionist and neorealist currents of the cinema, either the psyche was made to represent the socius, or vice versa. The specifically psychosocial quality of the cinema of poetry and its free indirect mode of perception opens the possibility for crafting images of psychological nonnormativity.
Ecosophy and Peace
Authors: Szymanski Adam
Published: January 2021

Chapter Four reads Apichatpong Weerasethakul’s film Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives through Félix Guattari’s schizoanalytic cartographies to complexify how therapeutic activism can recompose events of subjectivity production. Guattari’s cartographies offer working models for exploring how the relational movements of an event can give life to novel compositions of subjectivity through an encounter with alterity. They consist of four quadrants, or “ontological functors” which this chapter maps onto the cinematic image through a close analysis of select scenes from Uncle Boonmee. By connecting the schizoanalytic cartographies to Apichatpong Weerasethakul’s film work, this chapter shows how they both advance a shared ethico-political sensibility that is encapsulated by Guattari’s work on ecosophy—a manner of thinking the production of subjectivity in tandem with the socius and the environment.
Healing and Decolonization
Authors: Szymanski Adam
Published: January 2021

Chapter Five makes a claim for the therapeutic value of Indigenous cinemas by drawing on the body of Indigenous scholarship which conceives of decolonization as healing process. This chapter foregrounds Barry Barclay’s theory of Fourth Cinema which emphasizes the centrality of traditional Indigenous values to Indigenous filmmaking, and asks how such values can be affectively embedded in a film for political and therapeutic effect. Kanakan Balintagos’ film Palawan Fate serves as an intercessor for thinking about cinema’s contribution to social projects for healing and decolonization across the Fourth World, from Canada to the Philippines and beyond.
Frontiers imagined, frontiers observed
Authors: Rose Michael
Published: January 2021

An introduction to the text, setting out the intersecting personal, theoretical,
geographical and historical frameworks and narratives within which
it is set. It introduces the terms kase and meto, the indigenous concepts
that are at the theoretical heart of the book.
Meto kingship and environmental governance
Authors: Rose Michael
Published: January 2021

This chapter revolves around the story of one of my neighbours in Oecusi,
a Timorese public servant working in the government office charged
with protecting the environment, and also the nephew (older brother’s
son) of the prince (naijuf) charged with the task of protecting the forest.
Although presenting himself as a government employee, accompanying
him into the forest it became clearer and clearer that perhaps even more
important than the authority granted to him by the government was his
position within the family of the prince. In this chapter I take Jose’s story
as a way of exploring how, while state policies have their origins in the
kase world, their implementation is still vested in the meto.
Drama in Seville
Authors: Mujica Bárbara
Published: January 2021

At the urging of Gracián, Teresa de Ávila (de Jesús) founded a convent
in Seville, naming María de San José its prioress. In so doing, Teresa
disobeyed the orders of the Carmelite General, Juan Bautista Rubeo,
who had only given her permission to found in Castile. Enraged, Rubeo
convened a chapter in Piacenza at which Teresa was ordered to remain in
one convent in Castile and make no further foundations. Felipe [Filippo]
Sega, the papal Nuncio, took the side of those who opposed the Discalced
expansion into Andalusia. In the meantime, María had to cope with a
disgruntled nun who denounced her to the Inquisition, and an overzealous
confessor named Garciálvarez, who subjected nuns to excessive
penitential practices.
Battles: The English, The Dutch, and the Discalced Hierarchy
Authors: Mujica Bárbara
Published: January 2021

During the Anglo-Dutch War, María’s convent was constantly in danger of
attack. In 1588, Ángelo de San Paulo, a Discalced Carmelite friar who was
aboard one of the ships of the Spanish Armada, wrote to María with an
account of the Spanish defeat. María was also dealing with the hostility of
Doria, who believed that prioresses wielded too much power, and took steps
to alter the Constitutions. María fought back with a barrage of letters. The
dispute culminated in the “nuns’ revolt”, an appeal to Pope Sixtus V by María
and Ana de Jesús to preserve the Order’s Constitutions. In the end, María
de San José was deprived of voice and vote and placed under house arrest.
Ana and the French
Authors: Mujica Bárbara
Published: January 2021

Ana de San Bartolomé (García) was reluctant to go to France, in part because
of the opposition of Ana de Jesús, but she eventually accepted the challenge.
Shortly afterward, Pierre de Bérulle ordered her to take the black veil and
become prioress of a new convent in Pontoise. A conflict developed between
her and Ana de Jesús over several issues, particularly the admission of
Catholic converts from Protestantism into the order. Around 1610, Ana de
San Bartolomé had a serious falling-out with Bérulle, who became abusive
toward her. Finally, at the end of 1611, she left France for Mons. During her
years in France and Antwerp, Gallicisms began to creep into Ana’s language.
Friends and Enemies: The Last Years
Authors: Mujica Bárbara
Published: January 2021

War resumed in May 1618. The Isabel Clara Eugenia provides a detailed
description of the attack by Protestant forces on the Castle of Antwerp.
The English and Louvain nuns decided that they did not want to confess
to Discalced Carmelite priests, which put them at odds with Ana de
San Bartolomé and the hierarchy. Finally, the Congregation in Rome
decided that the rebel convents would come under the jurisdiction of their
respective bishops, not the hierarchy of the order. Ana’s sadness turned
to rage when Anne of the Ascension, the English prioress, attempted to
make a new foundation in Bruges under the jurisdiction of the Bishop.
Ana’s Meditaciones sobre el Camino de Cristo reveals her distress over
these events.
The Ones Who Stayed Behind : The Letters of Catalina de Cristo to Ana de San Bartolomé
Authors: Mujica Bárbara
Published: January 2021

The letters of Catalina de Cristo (Muñico), a close friend of Ana de San
Bartolomé, provide insight into how nuns in Spain experienced their
sisters’ forays into foreign lands—their anxiety and strategies for coping.
They also provide some rare examples of two-way correspondence between
nuns. Aware of the brutality of the wars in Flanders, Catalina became
apprehensive when she didn’t hear from Ana. She began to see Ana as a
martyr who, like earlier martyrs, would be rewarded for her sacrifices.
Catalina saw herself as an intercessor between Ana and God, a vehicle
through which God conveyed messages. As nuns routinely shared their
letters, other nuns read Ana’s missives and often attached their own
messages to Catalina’s.