bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some new 2‐Heterocyclic/acyclic amino/4′‐acetamidophenoxy‐3‐(4‐chloro‐phenyl)‐3, 4‐dihydrobenzo[e]‐ [1,3,2]oxazaphosphinine 2‐sulfides
Authors: Reddy K. R. Kishore Kumar , Prasad G. Syam , Kumar M. Anil , Reddy C. Suresh , Raju C. Naga
Published: March 2012

2‐Heterocyclic/acyclicamino/4′‐acetamidophenoxy‐3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3,4‐dihydrobenzo‐[e][1,3,2]oxazaphosphinine 2‐sulfides (4a‐j) were synthesized through a two steps process. In the first step, 2‐chloro‐3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3, 4‐dihydrobenzo[e] [1,3,2]‐oxazaphosphinine 2‐sulfide (2) was prepared by the reaction of 2‐[(4‐chlorophenylamino)methyl]phenol (1) with thiophosphoryl chloride in the presence of triethylamine in dry toluene‐tetrahydrofuran. In the second step, 2 was treated with various heterocyclic/acyclicamines/4′‐acetamidophenol in presence of triethylamine‐/ sodium hydride in toluene‐tetrahydrofuran at 45‐50°C . All the synthesized compounds (4a‐j) were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR(1H, 13C and 31P) and mass spectra and their biological activity was evaluated for antimicrobial activity.
LC‐MS‐MS Method for Determination of Metolazone in Human Plasma
Authors: Roy Shikha M. N. , Mangaonkar Kiran V. , Yetal Santosh. M. , Joshi Santosh. S.
Published: March 2012

A rapid, sensitive and specific method for quantification of metolazone in human plasma using metaxalone as internal standard is described. Sample preparation involved a simple liquid‐liquid extraction procedure. The extract was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS). Chromatography was performed isocratically on a 5 μm C18 analytical column (50 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.) with buffer–acetonitrile 20:80 (v/v) as mobile phase. The response to metolazone was a linear function of concentration over the range 1.00 to 2000.00 ng mL-1. The lower limit of quantification in plasma was 1.0 ng mL-1. The method was successfully applied in a bioequivalence study of a metolazone formulation after administration as a single oral dose.
Studies on Synthesis and Dyeing Preformance of Acid Dyes Based on 4,7‐Dihydroxy‐1,10‐Phenanthroline‐2,9‐Dione
Authors: Patel B. V. , Dasondi P. H.
Published: March 2012

Some new azo acid dyes were prepared by coupling various diazotized acid components such as anthranilic acid, sulphanilic acid, laurent acid, peri acid, tobias acid, H‐acid, J‐acid, gamma acid, sulphotobias acid, 4‐aminotoluiene‐3‐sulphonic acid, 5‐sulpho‐ anthranilic acid, 2‐naphthylamine‐3,6,8‐trisulphonic acid, bronner acid, metanilic acid and cleve acid with 4,7‐dihydroxy‐1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dione. The dyes were characterized by elemental, IR and TLC analyses. Their dyeing performance as acid dyes has been assessed on viscose rayon, wool and cotton fibres.
Competitive Bulk Liquid Membrane Transport and Extraction of Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) Cations Using 5‐Methyle‐4[thiophen‐2‐yl‐methylen‐amino]‐3‐thio‐oxo‐1, 2, 4‐triazol‐5‐one and Phthalic Dicarboxaldehyde
Authors: Nezhadali A. , Hakimi M. , Heydari M.
Published: March 2012

The competitive metal ion extraction and transport of Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) with a S‐N donor, i.e. 5‐methyle‐4[thiophen‐2‐yl‐methylen‐amino]‐3‐thio‐oxo‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one(ATTT) and oxygen donor, phthalic dicarboxaldehyde(PHDC) compounds was examined and compared each other. Although the extraction and transport behavior of Cu(II) and Zn(II) with both ATTT and PHDC ligands is fundamentally similar, but the transport efficiency for Cu(II) is much better than Zn(II) ion. The transport and extraction results closely parallel for the cations using the present ligands. The experiments were buffered (acetic acid/sodiumacetate and formic acid/sodiumformate) at pH 3‐7. The concentrations in the all transport and extraction experiments for the cations and ligands were 0.01 M and 1.0 x10-3 M respectively
HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Lopinavir and Ritonavir in Capsule Dosage Form
Authors: Sulebhavikar A. V. , Pawar U. D. , Mangoankar K. V. , Prabhu-Navelkar N. D.
Published: March 2012

A rapid and simple high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method with densitometry at λ=263 nm was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of lopinavir and ritonavir from pharmaceutical preparation. Separation was performed on aluminum‐backed silica gel 60F254 HPTLC plates as stationary phase and using a mobile phase comprising of toluene, ethyl acetate, methanol and glacial acetic acid, in the volume ratio of 7.0:2.0:0.5:0.5 (v/v) respectively. After development, plates were observed under UV light. The detector response was linear in the range of 6.67 to 20.00 µg/spot and 1.67 to 5.00 µg/spot for lopinavir and ritonavir respectively. The validated lowest limit of detection was 21.00 ng/spot and 5.10 ng/spot whereas lowest limit of quantification was 7.00 ng/spot and 21.00 ng/spot for lopinavir and ritonavir respectively. The percentage assay of lopinavir and ritonavir was found between 98.23 to 102.28% and 98.03 to 103.50% respectively. The described method has the advantage of being rapid and easy. Hence it can be applied for routine quality control analysis of lopinavir and ritonavir from pharmaceutical preparation and stability studies.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Studies of New Series of Pyrazoline Bearing Bis‐Heterocycles via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Jayashankara B. , Rai K. M. Lokanatha
Published: March 2012

Biologically interesting bis‐heterocycles bearing pyrazoline and imidazole moieties have been synthesized. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and elemental analyses characterized the newly synthesized compounds. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity and were compared with the standard drugs. All the compounds demonstrated potent to weak antimicrobial activity.
A Facile Conversion of Alcohols to Esters Mediated by Potassium Ferrate
Authors: Kooti M. , Tarassoli A. , Javadi H. H. , Jorfi M.
Published: March 2012

Potassium ferrate in the presence of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate can convert 1‐phenyl ethanol, 4‐chloro‐1‐phenyl ethanol and 2‐phenyl ethanol into ester products with good or excellent yields.The reactions have been carried out in n‐hexane at room temprature.The effect of other metal salts, as activators, have been also examined instead of copper sulfate.
Synthesis and Bioactivity of Some New 3‐Alkyl‐2,4‐diisopropyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrahydro‐benzo[e][1,3,2]‐diazaphosphepine 3‐sulfides/selenides
Authors: Mohan Ch. , Raju C. Naga , Rao A. Janardhan
Published: March 2012

Preparation of a series of novel seven membered heterocyclic compounds, 3‐alkyl‐2,4‐diisopropyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrahydro‐benzo[e][1,3,2] diazaphosphepine 3‐sulfides / selenides (8a-l) was accomplished in four steps. The synthetic route involves α,α′‐dibromo‐o‐xylene (1) with two moles of isopropylamine (2) in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) in dry tetrahydrofuran (THF) at low temperature to form the compound 3. This on treatment with phosphorus tribromide (4) in the presence of TEA in dry THF to form the corresponding phosphorobromodite (5). This on subsequent reaction with different Grignard reagents (6) in dry THF under N2 atmosphere formed the compounds 7. They are converted to the corresponding sulfides and selenides (8a-l) by reacting them with sulfur and selenium respectively. Their structures were established by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and mass spectral data. All the title compounds were screened for their
antibacterial activity. Most of the compounds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity.
Physico‐Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Under Ground Water in V.V Nagar and Near by Places of Anand District,Gujarat, India
Authors: Mishra Arunabh , Bhatt Vasishta
Published: March 2012

A report of physico‐chemical and microbial study of the water samples taken from the region nearby Anand district of central Gujarat is presented here. Six water samples are subjected to physico‐ chemical analysis like pH, TDS, hardness, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand. The MPN count resulted from the bacteriological study of these samples has given the information regarding the suitability of the water for drinking and other domestic applications. The results are analyzed comparatively and conclusions regarding the suitability of the use of such waters are made.
Synthesis, Characterization and Coordinating Behaviour of Aminoalcohol Complexes with Transition Metals
Authors: Majid K. , Mushtaq R. , Ahmad S.
Published: March 2012

The complexation of aminoalcohols with various transition metal and metal complexes have long and varied history. Since these complexes have found applications in various fields, the coordinating behaviour of these complexes should be investigated more precisely, in view of contradictory reports regarding coordinating behaviour of aminoalcohols with transition metals. This article is a review of findings of various investigations carried out from time to time.
Study of Curing Kinetics and Thermal Degradation of UV Curable Epoxy Acrylate Resin
Authors: Sharma Amrita , Agarwal Devendra , Singh Jagabir
Published: March 2012

Blends of epoxy acrylate resins (acid values 3, 6.5 & 10 mg KOH/gm Solid) with monofunctional monomers (ethoxylated phenol monoacrylate) were prepared by physical mixing, having weight ratio 50:50. These blends were cured by using UV radiations in presence of photo initiator (Darocure 1173). The thermal degradation kinetics of these resin blends were studied, using thermo gravimetric analysis in nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10°C/min. by applying Coats‐Red fern equation. According to the analysis, all the coating films degrade in two steps. In the first step of degradation kinetics, R2M follows 1.75 order (n=1.75) and all other coating films follow second order (n=2) kinetics. In second step, R2M & R3M follow half order (n=0.5) kinetics and R1M follow first order (n=1) degradation kinetics. Order of the reaction is obtained on the basis of best fit analysis, and all the parameters were confirmed by regression analysis. From the reaction order, value of activation energy (E) and pre exponential factor (Z) were calculated by the slop and intercept of the plot between X and Y, respectively.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cu(II) Substituted Hexa Tungstate and Molybdate of the Anderson Type Anion [Xn+M6O24]-(12-n)
Authors: Dey K. C. , Sharma V.
Published: March 2012

Sodium salts of copper substituted heteropoly compounds having molecular formula Na10[CuIIWVI6O24].22H2O(1) and Na10[CuIIMoVI6O24]. 19H2O(2) analogous to the Anderson type anion [Xn+M6O24]─(12-n) were synthesized according to the literature method. Compound(1) was synthesized from aqueous acidic solution containing sodium tungstate and copper chloride and compound(2) from sodium molybdate and copper chloride solution. The elemental analyses show 1:6 atomic ratio of the heteroatom to the addenda in both the compounds. The IR spectra for both the compounds are in good agreement with the reported formulae. A small deviation in IR spectra are observed than that established for Keggin anions. CuO6 acts as hetero group which replaces MO6 (M=W or Mo) from the Anderson structure. The thermal analyses of the compounds show the loss of the peripheral water molecules. The molecular weight of the compound (1) and (2) have been found as 2212.5 and 1600.5 respectively.
Schrodinger Equation for the Hydrogen Atom ‐ A Simplified Treatment
Authors: Ganesan L. R. , Balaji M.
Published: March 2012

A simple method is presented here for solving the wave mechanical problem of the hydrogen atom. The normal method of converting the Cartesian coordinates into polar coordinates is tedious and also requires an understanding of the Legendre and Lagurre polynomials. In this paper we are using an alternative method, which requires only minimal familiarity with mathematical
concepts and techniques.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Prasad Y. Rajendra , Rao A. Lakshmana , Rambabu R.
Published: March 2012

In an effort to develop antimicrobial agents, a series of chalcones were prepared by Claisen‐Schmidt condensation of appropriate acetophenones with appropriate aromatic aldehydes in the presence of aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and ethanol at room temperature. The synthesized compounds were characterized by means of their IR, 1H‐NMR spectral data and elemental analysis. All the compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by the cup plate method.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyeing Wastewater Using Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide
Authors: Attia Abbas J. , Kadhim Salih H. , Hussein Falah H.
Published: March 2012

Photodegradation of a real textile dyeing wastewater taken from Hilla textile factory in Babylon Governorate, Iraq have been investigated. Photocatalytic degradation was carried out over suspensions of titanium dioxide or zinc oxide under ultraviolet irradiation. Photodegradation percentage was followed spectrophometrically by the measurements of absorbance at λmax equal to 380 nm. The rate of photodegradation increased linearly with time of irradiation when titanium dioxide or zinc oxide was used. A maximum color removal of 96% was achieved after irradiation time of 2.5 hours when titanium dioxide used at 303K and 82% color reduction was observed when zinc oxide used for the same period and at the same temperature. The effect of temperature on the efficiency of photodegradation of dyestuff was also studied. The activation energy of photodegradation was calculated and found to be equal to 21 ± 1 kJ mol‐1 on titanium dioxide and 24 ± 1 kJ mol‐1 on zinc oxide.
Spectrophotometric Study of Nitrogen Base Adducts of Nickel(II)‐4‐methyl‐8–quinolinate
Authors: Suresh T. , Kumar S. Santosh , Kottureshawara N. M . , Revanasidappa M. , Khasim Syed , Suresh
Published: March 2012

Adduct formation constants have been determined by spectrophotometric study of a few typical bases with nickel(II) chelate of 4‐methyl‐8‐quinolinol in chloroform. Bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts were observed in the visible range due to the adduct formation. Monobasic bases like pyridine, methyl substituted anilines and such other bases exhibit 1: 2 stoichiometry giving hexa – coordinated adductds . The dibasic bases such as 1,10‐phenanthroline and 2,9‐ neocuproine exhibit 1 : 1 stoichiometry giving hexacoordinated adducts . The experimental results are discussed in terms of the basicity and steric effects of the various bases.
Studies of Hydrogen Bonding Between N, N‐Dimethylacetamide and Primary Alcohols
Authors: Manjunath M. S. , Sivagurunathan P. , Sannappa J.
Published: March 2012

Hydrogen bonding between N, N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) and alcohols has been studied in carbon tetrachloride solution by an X‐band Microwave bench at 936GHz. The dielectric relaxation time (τ) of the binary system are obtained by both Higasi′s method and Gopalakrishna method. The most likely association complex between alcohol and DMA is 1:1 stoichiometric complex through the hydroxyl group of the alcohol and the carbonyl group of amide. The results show that the interaction between alcohols and amides is 1:1 complex through the free hydroxyl group of the alcohol and the carbonyl group of amide and the alkyl chain‐length of both the alcohols and amide plays an important role in the determination of the strength of hydrogen bond (O‐H: C=O) formed and suggests that the proton donating ability of alcohols is in the order: 1‐propanol < 1‐butanol < 1‐pentanol and the accepting ability of DMA.
2‐Hydroxy‐4‐n‐propoxy‐5‐bromoacetophenone oxime as an Analytical Reagent for Gravimetric Determination of V(V)
Authors: Nair Ambily P. , Christine J.
Published: March 2012

2‐Hydroxy‐4‐n‐propoxy‐5‐bromoacetophenone oxime (HnPBAO) was developed as a new analytical reagent for the gravimetric determination of pentavalent vanadium ion. In the pH range 4.0‐6.0, the reagent gave a brown coloured precipitate with V(V). Job’s method and Mole ratio method revealed that the stoichiometry of the complex is 1:1 (metal: ligand). Beer’s law is obeyed up to 20.38 ppm of V(V). Molar absorptivity and Sandells sensitivity at 450 nm were found to be 10.22 × 102L/mol/cm and 0.049 µg/cm2 respectively. The stability constant of V(V)‐HnPBAO complex is found to be 1.195 × 106. Gibb’s free energy change for complex formation reaction was found to be –8.34 kcal/mol. The reagent can be used for the analysis of vanadium in ferro‐vanadium alloys.
Simultaneous Determination of Aceclofenac, Paracetamol and Chlorzoxazone by HPLC in Tablet Dose Form
Authors: Pawar Uttam D. , Naik Abhijit V. , Sulebhavikar Aruna V. , Datar Tirumal A. , Mangaonkar Kiran. V.
Published: March 2012

A simple, fast and precise reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method is developed for the simultaneous determination of aceclofenac, paracetamol and chlorzoxazone. Chromatographic separation of the three drugs was performed on an Intersil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5µm) as stationary phase with a mobile phase comprising of 10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH adjusted to 5.55 with ammonia): acetonitrile in the ratio 60:40 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV detection at 205 nm. The linearity of aceclofenac, paracetamol and chlorzoxazone were in the range of 5.00‐15.00 µg/µL, 25.00‐75.00 µg/µL and 25.00‐75.00 µg/µL respectively. The limit of detection for aceclofenac, paracetamol and chlorzoxazone was found to be 18.0 ng/mL, 22.0 ng/mL and 9.0 ng/mL respectively whereas, the limit of quantification was found to be 55 ng/mL, 65 ng/mL and 27.0 ng/mL respectively. The recovery was calculated by standard addition method. The average recovery was found to be 99.04%, 99.57% and 101.63% for aceclofenac, paracetamol and chlorzoxazone respectively. The proposed method was found to be accurate, precise and rapid for the simultaneous determination of aceclofenac, paracetamol and chlorzoxazone
Development and Validation of RP‐HPLC Method for the Determination of Adefovir Dipivoxil in Bulk and in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Ahmed Zaheer , Gopinath B. , Shetty A. Sathish Kumar , Sridhar B. K.
Published: March 2012

A rapid and sensitive RP‐HPLC method with UV detection (262 nm) for routine analysis of adefovir dipivoxil in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulation was developed. Chromatography was performed with mobile phase containing a mixture of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (50:50, v/v) with flow rate 1.0 mL min-l. In the range of 5.0‐100 µg/mL, the linearity of adefovir dipivoxil shows a correlation co‐efficient of 0.9999. The proposed method was validated by determining sensitivity accuracy, precision, robustness stability, specificity, selectivity and system suitability parameters.
Kinetic Studies on the Oxidation of Some para and meta‐Substituted Cinnamic Acids by Pyridinium Bromochromate in the Presence of Oxalic Acid (A Co‐oxidation Study)
Authors: Vanangamudi G. , Srinivasan S.
Published: March 2012

The kinetics of oxidation of cinnamic acids by pyridinium bromochromate (PBC) in the presence of oxalic acid has been studied in acetic acid‐water (60:40%) medium. The reaction shows unit order dependence each with respect to oxidant as well as oxalic acid [OX], the order with respect to [H+] and [CA] are fractional. The reaction is acid catalyzed and a low dielectric constant favours the reaction. Increase the ionic strength has no effect on the reaction rate. In the case of substituted cinnamic acids the order with respect to substrate vary depending upon the nature of the substituent present in the ring. In general, the electron withdrawing substituents retard the rate while the electron releasing substituents enhance the rate of reaction. From the kinetic data obtained the activation parameters have been computed and a suitable mechanism has been proposed.
Potentiometric Sensor for Gadolinium(III) Ion Based on Zirconium(IV) Tungstophosphate as an Electroactive Material
Authors: Sharma Harish K. , Sharma Nadeem
Published: March 2012

A new inorganic ion exchanger has been synthesized namely Zirconium(IV) tungstophosphate [ZrWP]. The synthesized exchanger was characterized using ion exchange capacity and distribution coefficient (Kd). For further studies, exchanger with 0.35 meq/g ion‐exchange capacity was selected. Electrochemical studies were carried out on the ion exchange membranes using epoxy resin as a binder. In case of ZrWP, the membrane having the composition; Zirconium(IV) tugstophosphate (40%) and epoxy resin (60%) exhibits best performance. The membrane works well over a wide range of concentration from 1×10-5 to 1×10-1 M of Gd(III) ion with an over‐ Nernstian slope of 30 mv/ decade. The response time of the sensor is 15 seconds. For this membrane, effect of internal solution has been studied and the electrode was successfully used in partially non‐aqueous media too. Fixed interference method and matched potential method has been used for determining selectivity coefficient with respect to alkali, alkaline earth, some transition and rare earth metal ions that are normally present along with Gd(III) in its ores. The electrode can be used in the pH range 4.0‐10.0 for 10-1 M and 3.0‐7.0 for 10-2 M concentration of target ion. These sensors have been used as indicator electrodes in the potentiometric titration of Gd(III) ion against EDTA and oxalic acid.
Development and Validation of LC Method for the Determination of Ampicillin and Dicloxacillin in Pharmaceutical Formulation Using an Experimental Design
Authors: Barot Tushar .G. , Patidar Kanaiyalal , Kshartri Nayan , Vyas Niranjan
Published: March 2012

A simple, precise and accurate method to determine ampicillin and dicloxacillin in a pharmaceutical preparation capsule dosage form were developed and validated using liquid chromatography (LC). The LC separation was achieved on an ACE 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µ in the isocratic mode using buffer: methanol (40: 60, v/v), as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The methods were performed at 220 nm. In LC method, quantification was achieved with PDA detection over the concentration range of 50 to150 µg/mL. The methods were validated and the results were compared statistically. They were found to be simple, accurate, precise and specific. The methods were successfully applied for the determination of ampicillin and dicloxacillin in a pharmaceutical preparation capsule dosage form without any interference from common excipients. The proposed method was validated in terms of precision, robustness, recovery, LOD and LOQ. All the validation parameters were within the acceptance range.
Vibrational Dynamics of the Diterpene‐Neoandrographolide
Authors: Singh P. K. , Hasan Tanveer , Misra Neeraj
Published: March 2012

A complete normal coordinate analysis was performed for neoandrographolide in terms of the calculation by using Wilson’s G‐F matrix method and Urey Bradley force field. Andrographis paniculata has been reported for its potent hepatoprotective. Andrographis paniculata has been reported to have antisecretory (antidiarrhoeal), immunostimulant, antimalarial, antifilarial activity. It is also reported to have anticancer, anti HIV, anti‐inflammatory, hypotensive action. In addition, it has found to be effective in myocardial infraction.
Determination of Antioxidant Flavonoids in Sudanese Honey Samples by Solid Phase Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Makawi Suzan Zein Alabdeen , Gadkariem Elrasheed Ahmed , Ayoub Saad Mohamed Hussein
Published: March 2012

Flavonoids were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE) from seven floral honey samples of different botanical origin from different regions of Sudan. The flavonoids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique using photo diode array detector (PDA). An isocratic and gradient systems for the resolution, identification and quantification of five flavonoids, namely; quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, hesperetin and isorhamnetin, were developed. Although the isocratic system resolved the five compounds, however it suffered from interference by the complex mixture of honey samples. The gradient system resolved three of five flavonoids, namely, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin, without interference by the complex honey matrix. Two flavonoids, apigenin and hesperetin, were observed to elute at close retention times, which lead to their interference with each other when injected in a mixture; however, absorption wavelength selection was found indicative of the presence or absence of either compound. The quantification of these flavonoids was done through the calibration curves of their standards. The obtained results were compared with reported results.
Studies on Dyeing Performance of Novel Acid Azo Dyes and Mordent Acid Azo Dyes Based on 2,4‐Dihydroxybenzophenone
Authors: Dixit Bharat C. , Patel Hitendra M. , Desai Dhirubhai J. , Dixit Ritu B.
Published: March 2012

Novel acid azo and mordent acid azo dyes have been prepared by the coupling of diazo solution of different aminonaphthol sulphonic acids and aromatic amino acids with 2,4‐dihydroxybenzophenone. The resultant dyes were characterized by elemental analysis as well as IR and 1H NMR spectral studies. The UV‐visible spectral data have also been discussed in terms of structure property relationship. The dyeing assessments of all the dyes were evaluated on wool and silk textile fibers. The dyeing of chrome pretreated wool and silk have also been monitored. The result shows that better hue was obtained on mordented fiber. Results of bactericidal studies of chrome pretreated fibers revealed that the toxicity of mordented dyes against bacteria is fairly good. Dyeing on wool and silk fibers resulted in yellowish pink to reddish brown colourations having excellent light fastness and washing fastness.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity ofSome New 2‐Substituted Benzothiazole Derivatives
Authors: Rajeeva B. , Srinivasulu N. , Shantakumar S. M.
Published: March 2012

Some new 2‐(5‐substituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐yl)‐1,3‐ benzothiazole (3a-j) were synthesized by refluxing benzothiazolyl carboxyhydrazide with different aryl acids in phosphoryl chloride. Structures of the synthesized compounds were established on the basis of 1H NMR and Mass spectral data. The anti microbial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by disc diffusion method.
Inhibitive Effect by Acid Extract of Ficus Exasperata Leaves on the Sulphuric Acid Corrosion of Mild Steel
Authors: S. Patel N. , Jauhari S. , N. Mehta G.
Published: March 2012

Extract of Ficus exasperata leaves was investigated as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1 N H2SO4 using conventional weight loss, electrochemical polarizations, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopic studies. The weight loss results showed that the extract of Ficus exasperata is excellent corrosion inhibitor. Electrochemical polarizations data revealed the mixed mode of inhibition. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that the change in the impedance parameters, charge transfer resistance and double layer capacitance, with the change in concentration of the extract is due to the adsorption of active molecules leading to the formation of a protective layer on the surface of mild steel. Scanning electron microscopic studies provided the confirmatory evidence of improved surface condition, due to the adsorption, for the corrosion protection.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of N1‐[(1E)‐1‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl) ethylidene]‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carbohydrazide and its Metal Complexes
Authors: Siddappa K. , Mallikarjun K. , Reddy Tukaram , Mallikarjun M. , Reddy C. V. , Tambe Mahesh
Published: March 2012

A new complexes of the type ML, MʹL and M″L [where M=Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Mn(II), Mʹ=Fe(III) and M″=Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) and L=N1‐[(1E)‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐ 3‐carbohydrazide (HL)] Schiff base have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, IR, 1H NMR, UV‐Visible and ESR data. The studies indicate the HL acts as doubly monodentate bridge for metal ions and form mononuclear complexes. The complexes Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II) Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes are found to be octahedral, where as Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes are four coordinated with tetrahedral geometry. The synthesized ligand and its metal complexes were screened for their antimicrobial activity.
Mechanistic Study on the Oxidation of 4‐Hydroxycoumarin by Diperiodatonickelate(IV) in Aqueous Alkaline Medium
Authors: Shettar Ramesh S. , Shetti Nagaraj P. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T.
Published: March 2012

The oxidation of 4‐hydroxycoumarin (HDC) by diperiodato‐ nickelate(IV) (DPN) in aqueous alkaline medium at a constant ionic strength of 1.0 mol dm-3 was studied spectrophotometrically at 298 K. The reaction between DPN and 4‐hydroxycoumarin in alkaline medium exhibits 1:3 stoichiometry (HDC: DPN). The reaction is of first order in [DPN] and has less than unit order in [HDC] and fractional order in [alkali]. The oxidation reaction in alkaline medium has been shown to proceed via a DPN‐ 4‐hydroxycoumarin complex, which decomposes slowly in a rate‐determining step followed by other fast steps to give the products. The main products were identified by spot test, IR, 1HNMR studies. The reaction constants involved in the different steps of the mechanism were calculated. The activation parameters with respect to slow step of the mechanism were computed and discussed and thermodynamic quantities were also determined.
Syntheses, Characterization and Biological Activity of Some 1, 2, 4‐Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Singh R. J. , Singh D. K.
Published: March 2012

Syntheses of a series of 3‐alkyl‐4‐ amino‐5‐ cyanomethyl‐4H‐1, 2, 4‐triazoles with active methylene groups are described. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral and elemental analyses. Some compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. All the compounds carrying 1, 2, 4‐ triazole moiety showed significant biological activity.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Formazan Derivatives
Authors: Marjadi S. I. , Solanki J. H. , Patel A. L.
Published: March 2012

A series of new substituted formazan derivatives has been synthesized from corresponding aryl diazonium chloride and Schiff base in pyridine. The synthesized compounds were identified by spectral studies and screened for their antimicrobial activities.
Study of Millimeter‐Wave Rotational Spectra of Phosphorus Trifluoride in Ground,v2 = 1 and v4 = 1 States
Authors: Motamedi Masoud , Zohrevand Tahere
Published: March 2012

The millimeter‐wave rotational spectra of the ground and excited vibrational states v2 =1 and v4 =1 of the symmetric top molecule, PF3, have been analyzed again. The B0 = 7819.9907(13) MHz, DJ = 7.84984(41) kHz, DJk = ‐11.7644 (11) kHz, HJ = 15.678 (36) mHz, HJk = ‐66.46 (12) mHz and HkJ = 87.42 (15) mHz have been determined for ground state. The 1=±1 series have been assigned and the rotational parameters including B4 =7823.09212(41) MHz, (q+t)4 = ‐29.49200(65) MHz, rt=2.9465 (13) MHz and (Cζ)4 = ‐3010.94684(41) MHz for v4 =1 state were determined accurately
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Studies of Cr(III), Mn(II) and Fe(III) Complexes of N, N ′‐Bis[1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐ylmethylene]butane‐1,4‐diamine
Authors: Alex Prasad M. , Aravindakshan K. K.
Published: March 2012

A bidentate Schiff base ligand namely, N,N′‐bis‐1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐ylmethylene]butane‐1,4‐diamine was synthesised by condensing piperonal (3,4‐dioxymethylenebenzaldehyde) with butane‐1,4‐diamine. Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III) complexes of this chelating ligand were synthesised using acetates, chlorides, bromides, nitrates and perchlorates of these metals. The ligand and the complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, UV‐Vis and IR spectra, conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements and thermogravimetric analysis. The thermograms of three complexes were analysed and the kinetic parameters for the different stages of decompositions were determined.
Uptake of Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solution by Biosorption Using Granulized Annona squmosa Seed
Authors: Santhi T. , Manonmani S.
Published: March 2012

A new, low cost, locally available biomaterial was tested for its ability to remove cationic dyes from aqueous solution. A sample of granulized Annona squmosa seeds had been utilized as a sorbent for uptake of three cationic dyes, methylene blue (MB), methylene red (MR) and malachite green (MG). The effects of various experimental parameters (e.g., contact time, dye concentration, adsorbent dose and pH) were investigated and optimal experimental conditions were ascertained. Above the value of initial pH 5, three dyes studied could be removed effectively. The isothermal data fitted the Langmuir model in the case of MB sorption and the Freundlich model for all three dyes sorption. The biosorption processes followed the pseudo first order rate kinetics. The results in this study indicated that granulized Annona squmosa seed was an attractive candidate for removing cationic dyes from the dye wastewater.
Preparation, Spectroscopy, Physicochemical Properties and X‐ray Structure Analysis of 3,4,5‐Trimethoxy N(2‐hydroxybenzylidene) aniline
Authors: Guillaume Kodjo Charles , Herve Zabri , Anoubile Benie , Jacques Estienne
Published: March 2012

3,4,5‐Trimethoxy N‐(salicylidene) aniline was synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR and x‐ray single crystal analysis. UV‐visible spectroscopy was used for physicochemical tests. X‐ray data reveals that the crystalline network cohesion of this compound is essentially assured by CH/pi type hydrogen bounds. It crystallized in the orthorhombic Pbcn space group. Electronic spectroscopy shows that the title compound doesn′t present photochromic property but thermochromic one. Intermolecular interactions analysis confirms for this compound a thermochromic structural predisposition.
Linnett Double Quartet Theory, Challenging the Pairing Electrons
Authors: Khaniani Yeganeh , Badiei Alireza
Published: March 2012

Linnett proposed his theory 45 years after Lewis′s supposition. During these years Pauling, Mulliken and Hund made different molecular structure models based on valance bond and molecular orbital theory. Their theories were seemed to fit many experiences but had some inabilities. Linnett′s double quartet theory could solved some important problems about stability of radicals, paramagnetism / diamagnetism in molecular systems, electronic structure in transition states and finally challenge of resonance and aromaticity. In this article we review some basic ideas and concepts concerning different models and then we give a detailed discussion of the LDQ and use it in diverse branches of chemistry.
Adsorption of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ from Aqueous Solution by Helix aspera Shell
Authors: Ekop A. S. , Eddy N. O.
Published: March 2012

The adsorption capacity of Helix aspera shell for Pb2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ has been studied. This shell has the potential of adsorbing Pb2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solution. The adsorption potentials of Helix aspera shell is largely influenced by the ionic character of the ions and occurred according to the order Pb2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+. The adsorption of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions by Helix aspera shell is thermodynamically feasible and is consistent with the models of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. From the results of the study, the shell of Helix aspera is recommended for use in the removal of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solution.
Immersion Calorimetry for the Characterization of PD Catalysts Supported on Activated Carbon
Authors: Giraldo Liliana , Moreno-Piraján Juan Carlos
Published: March 2012

Activated carbons obtained from coconut peel were oxidized using hydrogen peroxide. Superficial characteristics of these carbons were determined through N2 and CO2 isotherms and functional groups were characterized by TPD. Finally, the microcalorimetry technique was used in order to obtain the immersion enthalpies in diverse liquids and established the relation between them and the results obtained by the other characterization techniques. The results suggested that the immersion calorimetry allow establishing the difference between the supports and the catalysts.
Computational Evaluation of 2‐Phenyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one Analogues as Antihistamines: Potential Histamine N‐Methyltransferase (HMT) Inhibitors
Authors: Dave Shikha S. , Rahatgaonkar Anjali M.
Published: March 2012

Abnormal release of histamine, which is present in relatively high concentration in the lungs, causes serious allergic vasoconstriction and anaphylactic manifestation in human beings. In mammals, a major pathway of histamine metabolism in the lungs is mediated by histamine N‐methyl transferase (HMT) and diamine oxidase. The need to design a strategy of mechanistic computational evaluation of protein‐ligand affinity i.e. HMT‐ 2‐phenyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ones, protein complex binding energy has been established. A library of synthesized 2‐phenyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ones was docked into the active site cavity of target protein, HMT (Pdb: 2aot). The high‐resolution crystal structure of HMT complex with the competitive inhibitor N [2 (benzhydryloxy)ethyl] N N‐Dimethylamine (Diphenhydramine) revealed a protein with a highly confined binding region that could be targeted in the design of specific anti‐histamines. The validation of docking programme by Potential Mean Force was compared with binding energy results of known ligands in the active sites of HMT, diphenhydramine / benadryl, promethazine, cyproheptadine, trimeton / avil etc. All the synthesized chromone derivatives showed comparable negative binding energies pointing towards the fact that these molecules could be potent antihistamines.
In Silico Screening, Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Some Quinazolinone and Pyridine Derivatives as Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors for Anticancer Activity
Authors: Nerkar A. G. , Saxena A. K. , Ghone S. A. , Thaker A. K.
Published: March 2012

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is the important target for anticancer drugs belonging to the class of antimetabolites as the enzyme plays important role in the de novo purine synthesis. We here report the in silico screening to obtain best fit molecules as DHFR inhibitors, synthesis of some ʻbest fitʼ quinazolinone from 2‐phenyl‐3‐(substituted‐benzilidine‐amino) quinazolinones (Quinazolinone Shiff′s bases) QSB1-5 and pyridine‐4‐carbohydrazide Shiff′s bases (ISB1-5) derivatives and their in vitro anticancer assay. Synthesis of the molecules was performed using microwave assisted synthesis. The structures of these molecules were elucidated by IR and 1H‐NMR. These compounds were then subjected for in vitro anticancer evaluation against five human cancer cell‐lines for anticancer cyto‐toxicity assay. Methotrexate (MTX) was used as standard for this evaluation to give a comparable inhibition of the cell proliferation by DHFR inhibition. Placlitaxel, adriamycin and 5‐fluoro‐uracil were also used as standard to give a comparable activity of these compounds with other mechanism of anticancer activity. ISB3 (4‐(N, N‐dimethyl‐amino)‐phenyl) Schiff′′s base derivative of pyridine carbohydrazide showed equipotent activity with the standards used in in vitro anticancer assay as per the NCI (National Cancer Institute) guidelines.
Corrosion Study of Metals in Marine Environment
Authors: Vashi R. T. , Kadiya H. K.
Published: March 2012

Atmospheric corrosion rate of Al, Zn and mild steel (MS) as well as salinity and sulphation rate have been determined under outdoor exposure at Tithal (Dist. Valsad) situated in South Gujarat, India. MS samples exposed vertically suffer less corrosion than those exposed at an angle of 45°. Monthly corrosion rate was in the decreasing order of Al <Zn <Ms; whereas yearly rate also follow the same trend.
Removal of Lead(II) Ions by Adsorption ontoBamboo Dust and Commercial Activated Carbons ‐A Comparative Study
Authors: Kannan N. , Veemaraj T.
Published: March 2012

Studies on the removal of lead(II) ions by adsorption onto indigenously prepared bamboo dust carbon (BDC) and commercial activated carbon (CAC) have been carried out with an aim to obtain data for treating effluents from metal processing and metal finishing industries. Effect of various process parameters has been investigated by following the batch adsorption technique at 30±1°C. Percentage removal of lead(II) ions increased with the decrease in initial concentration and increased with increase in contact time and dose of adsorbent. Amount of lead(II) ions adsorbed increases with the decrease in particle size of the adsorbent. As initial pH of the slurry increased, the percentage removal increased, reached a maximum and the final solution pH after adsorption decreases. Adsorption data were modeled with the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, the first order kinetic equations proposed by Natarajan – Khalaf, Lagergren and Bhattacharya and Venkobachar and intra‐ particle diffusion model and the models were found to be applicable. Kinetics of adsorption is observed to be first order with intra‐particle diffusion as one of the rate determining steps. Removal of lead(II) ions by bamboo dust carbon (BDC) is found to be favourable and hence BDC could be employed as an alternative adsorbent to commercial activated carbon (CAC) for effluent treatment, especially for the removal of lead(II) ions
Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Aromatic Aldehydes by Imidazolium Dichromate in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium
Authors: Mansoor S. Sheik , Shafi S. Syed
Published: March 2012

The kinetics of oxidation of benzaldehyde (BA) and para‐substituted benzaldehydes by imidazolium dichromate (IDC) has been studied in aqueous acetic acid medium in the presence of perchloric acid. The reaction is first order each in [IDC], [Substrate] and [H+]. The reaction rates have been determined at different temperatures and the activation parameters calculated. Electron withdrawing substituents are found to increase the reaction and electron releasing substituents are found to retard the rate of the reaction and the rate data obey the Hammett relationship. The products of the oxidation are the corresponding acids. The rate decreases with the increase in the water content of the medium. A suitable mechanism is proposed.
Molecular Mechanics and Quantum Chemistry Based Study of Nickel‐N‐Allyl Urea and N‐Allyl Thiourea Complexes
Authors: Sharma P. D. , Srivastava Shruti , Singh P. P.
Published: March 2012

Eigenvalue, eigenvector and overlap matrix of nickel halide complex of N‐allyl urea and N‐allyl thiourea have been evaluated. Our results indicate that ligand field parameters (Dq, B’ and β) evaluated earlier by electronic spectra are very close to values evaluated with the help of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Eigenvector analysis and population analysis shows that in bonding 4s, 4p, and 3dx2-y2, 3dyz orbitals of nickel are involved but the coefficient values differ in different complexes. Out of 4px, 4py, 4pz the involvement of either 4pz or 4py, is noticeable. The theoretically evaluated positions of infrared bands indicate that N‐allyl urea is coordinated to nickel through its oxygen and N‐allyl thiourea is coordinated to nickel through its sulphur which is in conformity with the experimental results.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Screening of Alkaloid Fractions from Strychnos potatorum
Authors: Mallikharjuna P. B. , Seetharam Y. N.
Published: March 2012

Alkaloid fractions isolated from Strychnos potatorum L.f. (Loganiaceae) seed were tested for their antimicrobial properties against some pathogenic gram positive, gram negative and acid‐fast bacteria and fungi. These fractions have shown considerable antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi at the tested concentrations (100 & 200 μg/mL). Further, the growth of Proteus vulgaris, taphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were significantly inhibited. These findings have confirmed the use of this plant in treating of several microbial infections both in traditional and folk medicine in India.
UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Valacyclovir HCl in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Ganesh M. , Narasimharao C. V. , Kumar A. Saravana , Kamalakannan K. , Vinoba M. , Mahajan H. S. , Sivakumar T.
Published: March 2012

A simple, sensitive, highly accurate UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of valacyclovir in bulk and tablet dosage form. Solution of valacyclovir in 0.1N HCl shows maximum absorbance at 255 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 5‐25 mcg mL-1 with 1.0910x104 mol-1 cm-1, the slope, intercept, correlation coefficient, detection and quantitation limits were also calculated. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the analysis of the drug in pure and in its tablets dosage forms. Result of percentage recovery and placebo interference shows that the method was not affected by the presence of common excipients. The percentages assay of valacyclovir HCl in tablet was 99.82%. The method was validated by determining its sensitivity, accuracy and precision which proves suitability of the developed method for the routine estimation of valacyclovir in bulk and solid dosage form.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antifungal Activity of Novel Quinazolin‐4‐one Derivatives Containing 8‐Hydroxyquinazoline Ligand and its Various Metal Complexes
Authors: Vashi R. T. , Patel S. B.
Published: March 2012

Novel ligands containing quinazoline‐4‐one‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (QQ) merged moieties were prepared and characterized. For this anthranilic acid and 5‐bromoanthranilic acid were converted respectively into 2‐chloromethyl–3‐(4‐methyl phenyl)‐3(H)‐quinazoline‐4‐one and 2‐chloromethyl–3‐(methyl phenyl)‐6‐bromo‐3(H)‐quinazoline‐4‐one. Both these compounds were condensed with 5‐amino‐8‐hydroxyquinoline. The so called resulted compounds were named respectively as 2‐[(8‐hydroxy‐quinolinyl) –5‐ amino methyl] ‐3‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐ 3(H)‐ quinazoline ‐4‐ one and 2‐[(8‐hydroxyquinolinyl)‐5‐aminomethyl] ‐3(methyl phenyl)‐6‐bromo‐3(H)‐quinazoline‐4‐one. Both the compounds were designated respectively as HL1 and HL2 ligands. The transition metal (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Co2+) complexes of both these ligands were prepared. The ligands and their complexes as case may be were characterized by elemental analysis, spectral studies and number of hydroxyl groups. The stoichiometry of the complexes has been found to be 1:2 (metal: ligand). An octahedral geometry around Co2+, Ni2+ and Mn2+, distorted octahedral geometry around Cu2+ and tetrahedral geometry of around Zn2+ have been proposed. These complexes also been tested for their antifungal activities.
Syntheses, Evaluation and Characterization of Some 1, 3, 4‐Oxadiazoles as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Bhardwaj Niti , Saraf S. K. , Sharma Pankaj , Kumar Pradeep
Published: March 2012

1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles show various biological activities and have been synthesized from different compounds. 1,3,4‐oxadiazole is popularly known for its antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, pesticidal and antihypertensive activities etc. It is well known that the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds tend to contain multi‐structure in a molecule. The ring formation involves the condensation reaction. The challenge is to develop the ring system by incorporating the indole nucleus into it through the proposed reaction scheme. There are two free positions for the substitution in the oxadiazole ring system. In this study, it was planned to incorporate the oxadiazole ring system into indole ring. Synthesis of derivatives of 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles from different benzaldehydes Characterization of the synthesized compounds along with their antimicrobial activity on different strains.