bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fibers and Textiles for Personal Protective Equipment: Review of Recent Progress and Perspectives on Future Developments
Authors: Dolez Patricia I. , Marsha Sabrina , McQueen Rachel H.
Published: June 2022

This article reviews recent developments in fibers and textiles for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) applications. Fibers are grouped into six categories: highly extensible elastomeric fibers, cellulose-based fibers, commodity synthetic fibers, high strength inorganic materials, and high performance polymer fibers. New developments with highly extensible elastomeric fibers include polyester-based elastic fibers and shape memory polyurethane. In the case of cellulose-based fibers, environmentally friendly processes and nanotechnology-enabling treatments are developed for natural fibers where attempts are made to transfer interesting attributes of the feedstock to regenerated cellulose fibers. Commodity synthetic fibers comprise polyolefins, polyester, and polyamide; they have seen recent developments in terms of surface functionalization and the formation of structures at the nanoscale. In terms of high strength inorganic materials, basalt fibers and carbonaceous materials have found increased use in PPE. Boron is also generating considerable interest for fibers and coatings. Research on high-performance polymer fibers includes further improving their short- and long-term performance, moving to the nanoscale for new functionalities, and exploring their recyclability. An additional section describes a series of special textile structures relevant to PPE involving 3D textile structures, auxetic textile structures, shear thickening fabrics, nanoporous structures, phase change materials, and some specially designed textile-based composite structures for improved protection against mechanical hazards. The article ends with some perspectives on promising avenues for further developments.
Glyphosate, Roundup and the Failures of Regulatory Assessment
Authors: Novotny Eva
Published: June 2022

Roundup is the most widely used herbicide in agriculture. It contains glyphosate as the ‘active ingredient’, together with formulants. There are various versions of Roundup, with somewhat different effects depending on the formulants. Most genetically-modified crops are designed to tolerate Roundup, thus allowing spraying against weeds during the growing season of the crop without destroying it. Having been so heavily used, this herbicide is now found in the soil, water, air, and even in humans worldwide. Roundup may also remain as a residue on edible crops. Many studies have found harm to the environment and to health, making it imperative to regulate the use of Roundup and to ensure that its various formulations pose no danger when used in the long-term. Unfortunately, regulators may only assess the ‘active ingredient’, glyphosate, and ignore the toxicity of the formulants, which can be far more toxic than the active ingredient. This omission is in violation of a ruling by the Court of Justice of the European Union. There are close ties between the regulators and the industry they are supposed to regulate. Objectionable practices include ‘revolving doors’ between the regulators and the industry, heavy reliance on unpublished papers produced by the industry while dismissing papers published by independent scientists, and strong covert influence on the regulatory process by industry. Although this paper focuses on the European Union (EU), the situation is much the same in the United States.
Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in Biota from Qilianyu Island, South China Sea
Authors: Wang Qingling , Xie Chenmin , Long Chuyue , Yang Weiyan , Wang Yan , Xu Weihai , Zhang Li , Sun Yuxin
Published: June 2022

Six biota species were collected from Qilianyu Island, South China Sea to determine the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs). Concentrations of ΣPCBs and ΣDDTs in biota from Qilianyu Island ranged from 6.88 to 519.1 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and 7.0 to 19,413 ng/g lw, respectively. Significant differences for PCBs and DDTs concentrations were found among the six biota species from Qilianyu Island. The levels of PCBs and DDTs in intermediate egret were significantly higher than the other five biota species, which can be attributed to their different feeding and living habits. Significantly negative relationships between concentrations of PCBs and DDTs and δ13C values in the six biota species confirmed that dietary source is an important factor to determine the levels of PCBs and DDTs in biota species. ΣPCBs, ΣDDTs, PCB 28/31, PCB 52, and p,p′-DDE were biomagnified in the biota species from Qilianyu Island, and native species are suitable for studying the biomagnification of the contaminants. The toxic equivalent concentrations in birds from Qilianyu Island were significantly and positively correlated with PCBs concentrations, indicating that high concentrations of non- and mono-ortho-PCB congeners may induce adverse effects on bird species.
Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals and Application of Yeast Volatiles for Their Biological Control
Authors: Alkuwari Asma , Hassan Zahoor Ul , Zeidan Randa , Al-Thani Roda , Jaoua Samir
Published: June 2022

Fungal infections in cereals lead to huge economic losses in the food and agriculture industries. This study was designed to investigate the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins in marketed cereals and explore the effect of the antagonistic yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii volatiles against key toxigenic fungal strains. Aspergillus spp. were the most frequent contaminating fungi in the cereals, with an isolation frequency (Fr) of 100% in maize, followed by wheat (88.23%), rice (78.57%) and oats (14.28%). Morphological and molecular identification confirmed the presence of key toxigenic fungal strains in cereal samples, including A. carbonarius, A. flavus, A. niger, A. ochraceus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxins (AFs) were detected in all types of tested cereal samples, with a significantly higher level in maize compared to wheat, rice, oats and breakfast cereals. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was only detected in wheat, rice and maize samples. Levels of mycotoxins in cereals were within EU permissible limits. The volatiles of Cyberlindnera jadinii significantly inhibited the growth of A. parasiticus, A. niger and P. verrucosum. The findings of this study confirm the presence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in cereals within the EU permissible limits and the significant biocontrol ability of Cyberlindnera jadinii against these toxigenic fungi.
An Interlaboratory Comparison Study of Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry: Challenges and Future Directions of Routine Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis including Emerging Mycotoxins
Authors: Steiner David , Humpel Armin , Stamminger Eleonore , Schoeberl Anna , Pachschwoell Gerlinde , Sloboda Anita , Swoboda Christy , Rigg Jolene , Zhang Dawei , Wang Yahong , Davis Joshua , Sulyok Michael , Krska Rudolf , Quinn Brian , Greer Brett , Elliott Christopher T. , Dzuman Zbynek , Hajslova Jana , Gschaider Andreas , Fechner Carina , Forstner Lisa , Varga Elisabeth , Jedziniak Piotr , Pietruszka Katarzyna , Rudawska Adrianna , Malachová Alexandra
Published: June 2022

The present interlaboratory comparison study involved nine laboratories located throughout the world that tested for 24 regulated and non-regulated mycotoxins by applying their in-house LC-MS/MS multi-toxin method to 10 individual lots of 4 matrix commodities, including complex chicken and swine feed, soy and corn gluten. In total, more than 6000 data points were collected and analyzed statistically by calculating a consensus value in combination with a target standard deviation following a modified Horwitz equation. The performance of each participant was evaluated by a z-score assessment with a satisfying range of ±2, leading to an overall success rate of 70% for all tested compounds. Equal performance for both regulated and emerging mycotoxins indicates that participating routine laboratories have successfully expanded their analytical portfolio in view of potentially new regulations. In addition, the study design proved to be fit for the purpose of providing future certified reference materials, which surpass current analyte matrix combinations and exceed the typical scope of the regulatory framework.
Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Skin Ulcers: A Review Article
Authors: Winayanuwattikun Waranaree , Vachiramon Vasanop
Published: June 2022

The normal biological wound healing process consists of three precisely and highly programmed phases that require optimal conditions including internal and external factors. Any negative factors that disrupt the sequence or time frame of the healing mechanism can result in a non-healing wound or chronic ulcers. Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) which is generally known as anti-contraction of muscles has been reported as a successful treatment in various types of chronic ulcers. The aim of this study is to review the outcome of treatment with BoNT-A for chronic skin ulcers. The results demonstrated some positive effects of BoNT-A on chronic ulcers. Ischemic ulcers secondary to Raynaud’s phenomenon seem to be the most promising type of ulcers that have benefited from BoNT-A. The rationale behind using BoNT-A to fasten the wound healing process is also discussed. Further clinical trial studies should be conducted to affirm the efficacy of wound healing using BoNT-A administration.
In-Depth Temporal Transcriptome Profiling of an Alphaherpesvirus Using Nanopore Sequencing
Authors: Tombácz Dóra , Kakuk Balázs , Torma Gábor , Csabai Zsolt , Gulyás Gábor , Tamás Vivien , Zádori Zoltán , Jefferson Victoria A. , Meyer Florencia , Boldogkői Zsolt
Published: June 2022

In this work, a long-read sequencing (LRS) technique based on the Oxford Nanopore Technology MinION platform was used for quantifying and kinetic characterization of the poly(A) fraction of bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) lytic transcriptome across a 12-h infection period. Amplification-based LRS techniques frequently generate artefactual transcription reads and are biased towards the production of shorter amplicons. To avoid these undesired effects, we applied direct cDNA sequencing, an amplification-free technique. Here, we show that a single promoter can produce multiple transcription start sites whose distribution patterns differ among the viral genes but are similar in the same gene at different timepoints. Our investigations revealed that the circ gene is expressed with immediate–early (IE) kinetics by utilizing a special mechanism based on the use of the promoter of another IE gene (bicp4) for the transcriptional control. Furthermore, we detected an overlap between the initiation of DNA replication and the transcription from the bicp22 gene, which suggests an interaction between the two molecular machineries. This study developed a generally applicable LRS-based method for the time-course characterization of transcriptomes of any organism.
Wave-Powered and Zero-Discharging Membrane-Distillation Desalination System: Conceptual Design and Analysis
Authors: Kim Gyeong Sung , Hwang Yunho
Published: June 2022

There are many islands without full access to electricity around the world. These energy-poor regions generally have drinking water supply issues too. Renewable energy-powered desalination units can convert seawater to freshwater by using such as oceanic wave energy to mitigate the water limitation in small islands. A novel wave-powered floating desalination system (WavoWater) was proposed for easy on-site deployment and minimal environmental impact. WavoWater can produce freshwater using a vacuum-applied air-gap membrane distillation (AGMD) system, and the heat needed for the AGMD is provided through a heat pump powered by wave energy. Small-scale experiments were conducted to estimate the water generation rate of the vacuum-applied AGMD, and the WavoWater system modeling was developed based on the experimental results and wave data observed near the City of Newport, OR, USA. Fast Fourier transform was applied to estimate the wave energy spectrum in a random sea wave state. It was evaluated that 1 m-diameter WavoWater can produce 12.6 kg of fresh water per day with about 3.1 kWh of wave energy. With the performance evaluation, the aspects of zero discharging and minimal environmental impact were also highlighted for the stand-alone wave-powered desalination system.
Identification of Water Pollution Sources for Better Langat River Basin Management in Malaysia
Authors: Ahmed Minhaz Farid , Mokhtar Mazlin Bin , Lim Chen Kim , Majid Nuriah Abd
Published: June 2022

The shutdown of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) at the Langat River Basin, Malaysia, which provides drinking water to almost one-third population in the basin, is very frequent, especially due to chemical pollution in the river. This study explored the pollution sources in the Langat River based on eight specific water intake points of the respective DWTPs to suggest an integrated river basin management (IRBM). Analysis of Al (250.26 ± 189.24 µg/L), As (1.65 ± 0.93 µg/L), Cd (1.22 ± 0.88 µg/L), Cr (0.47 ± 0.27 µg/L), and Pb (9.99 ± 5.38 µg/L) by ICP-MS following the Chelex® 100 column resin ion exchange method found that the mean concentrations except Al were within the water quality standard of the Ministry of Health (MOH) as well as the Dept. of Environment (DOE) Malaysia. However, the determined water quality index based on physicochemical parameters (2005–2015) at the midstream of Langat River was Class III, which needs substantial treatment before drinking. The linear regression model of Al, As, Cd, and Pb suggests that water quality parameters are significantly influencing the increase or decrease in these metal concentrations. Moreover, the principal component analysis (PCA) and the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) also support the regression models that the sources of pollution are both natural and man-made activities, and these pollution sources can be clustered into two categories, i.e., upstream (category 1) and mid to downstream (category 2) in the Langat River. The degraded water quality in the midstream compared to up and downstream of the river is mainly due to human activities apart from the natural weathering of minerals. Therefore, the implementation of policies should be effective at the local level for pollution management, especially via the proactive leadership roles of local government for this transboundary Langat River to benefit from IRBM.
Spatiotemporal Distribution and Statistical Analysis of Abnormal Groundwater Level Rising in Poyang Lake Basin
Authors: Song Ziyi , Lu Chengpeng , Zhang Ying , Chen Jing , Liu Wenlu , Liu Bo , Shu Longcang
Published: June 2022

Studies on groundwater have traditionally been based on declining groundwater levels and associated ecological, environmental, and geological problems. However, due to extreme hydrometeorological events and human activities, rising groundwater levels have been observed in many areas. The daily groundwater levels from 2018 to 2020 for the Poyang Lake Basin (PLB) in Jiangxi Province were recorded. The statistical characteristics of abnormal groundwater level rising (AGLR) events and the factors influencing the dynamic changes in groundwater level were analyzed using geostatistical methods and outlier identification methods. The groundwater level in the lower terrain of the PLB has increased significantly in recent years. AGLR events identified by the median absolute deviation and interquartile range methods showed that AGLR events mainly occurred in the spring and summer and were mainly distributed near the surface water bodies. Correlation analysis of the factors influencing the groundwater level revealed that the correlation between precipitation and groundwater level was related to topography. In contrast, the correlation between river stage and groundwater level was related to runoff volume.
Electric Vehicle Range Estimation Using Regression Techniques
Authors: Ahmed Moin , Mao Zhiyu , Zheng Yun , Chen Tao , Chen Zhongwei
Published: June 2022

Electric vehicles (EVs) are an attractive alternative to conventional vehicles powered by internal combustion engines due to their low carbon footprint, low running cost, and higher energy efficiency. However, currently, they suffer from a lower range than conventional vehicles, which induces range anxiety for consumers. This work explores the EV parameters that strongly impact range using data-driven techniques. A detailed dataset of the technical specifications of commercial EV models manufactured from 2008 to 2021 was collected through web mining. Strong correlations were observed between range and battery capacity, top speed, curb weight, and acceleration (with Pearson coefficients of 0.90, 0.79, 0.70, and −0.84, respectively). Furthermore, regression algorithms were trained and tested on this dataset, with the lowest root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 31.4 km obtained from support vector machine regression. With a mean EV range in the test set of 364.5 km, an RMSE of 31.4 km equates to around 8.6% accuracy. Additionally, simple linear relationships between EV range and EV model, battery, and performance parameters were determined that may be useful to EV consumers in calculating range.
Participación activa en clases. Factores que intervienen en la interacción de los estudiantes en clases online sincrónicas
Authors: Flores-Fernández Cherie ,  Durán Riquelme Alex
Published: June 2022

La participación de los estudiantes es vital en los procesos de enseñanza - aprendizaje, adquiriendo mayor relevancia en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, en las experiencias de clases online se ha demostrado que existe baja interacción durante las clases sincrónicas, entre estudiantes y docente, y entre los mismos estudiantes. Por ello, esta investigación tiene como propósito identificar los factores que intervienen en la interacción de los estudiantes de la carrera Bibliotecología y Documentación, de la Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, en las clases online sincrónicas. Para ello, se utilizó como instrumento de recolección de datos, un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas, aplicándose a una muestra de 103 alumnos regulares de la carrera, de un universo de 155 estudiantes. Los resultados demostraron que la participación activa de los estudiantes en las clases online sincrónicas se ve afectada por factores internos y externos al educando, entre ellos aspectos personales, motivacionales y medioambientales.
HİPERTANSİF YAŞLILARDA DÜŞME RİSKİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: ÖZCAN Ayşegül
Published: June 2022

Bu araştırma hipertansif yaşlılarda düşme ve düşmeyi etkileyen risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tipte olan araştırmaya 300 yaşlı alınmıştır. Veriler, sosyo demografik soru formu ve düşme durumuna ilişkin soru formu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın verilerin analizi IBM SPSS Statistics 23 paket program üzerinden yapılmış; sayı, yüzde ve ki-kare testleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yaşlıların ortalama yaşı 70.81±5.42 (65-85) ve % 45.7’si kadın olup, % 40.1’inin eğitim düzeyi ilkokul mezunudur. Her üç yaşlıdan birinin son bir yıl içinde düşme öyküsü olup, % 61’i ev içinde düştüğü, yaklaşık yarısının (% 44.8) tekrarlayan düşmelerinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Risk faktörleri değerlendirildiğinde; yaş, cinsiyet, beden kitle indeksi, denge problemi, yardımcı araç kullanma durumu ile yaşlılarda düşme durumu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Denge problem yaşayan yaşlıların düşme riski 3.085 kat, yardımcı araç kullananların düşme riski 1.806 kat daha fazladır (OR=3.085, 95% CI: 1.570, 6.061; OR=1.806, 95% CI: 1.035, 3.153). Yardımcı araç kullanan, denge problem yaşayan hipertansif kadın yaşlılar başta olmak üzere denge ve kas kuvvetlendirme egzersizleri, yardımcı araç seçimi, düşmeyi önleyici ev içi değerlendirmelerine yönelik halk sağlığı hemşireleri tarafından eğitim ve danışmanlık hizmeti verilmelidir.
Knowledge Graph Applications in Medical Imaging Analysis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wang Song , Lin Mingquan , Ghosal Tirthankar , Ding Ying , Peng Yifan
Published: June 2022

Background
. There is an increasing trend to represent domain knowledge in structured graphs, which provide efficient knowledge representations for many downstream tasks. Knowledge graphs are widely used to model prior knowledge in the form of nodes and edges to represent semantically connected knowledge entities, which several works have adopted into different medical imaging applications
. Methods
. We systematically searched over five databases to find relevant articles that applied knowledge graphs to medical imaging analysis. After screening, evaluating, and reviewing the selected articles, we performed a systematic analysis.
Results
. We looked at four applications in medical imaging analysis, including disease classification, disease localization and segmentation, report generation, and image retrieval. We also identified limitations of current work, such as the limited amount of available annotated data and weak generalizability to other tasks. We further identified the potential future directions according to the identified limitations, including employing semisupervised frameworks to alleviate the need for annotated data and exploring task-agnostic models to provide better generalizability.
Conclusions
. We hope that our article will provide the readers with aggregated documentation of the state-of-the-art knowledge graph applications for medical imaging to encourage future research.
Adsorption Isotherms for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions (Copper and Nickel) from Aqueous Solutions in Single and Binary Adsorption Processes
Authors: TEKİN Burak , AÇIKEL Unsal
Published: June 2022

This study deals with the removal of single and binary heavy metals, which cause great problems in terms of the environment and human health, through very low cost, economical and easily obtainable materials. The purpose of this study is to investigate the single- and binary uptake of Copper (II) and Nickel (II) ions onto the Sepiolite in the terms of a thermodynamic perspective. For mono-component systems, the initial effluent concentration, mixing speed and temperature have been studied as a function of time to determine the conditions where the adsorbents show a great deal of affinity towards the Cu (II) and Ni (II) ions in aqueous solutions. Before the metal adsorption experiments, the Physical properties of Sepiolite were identified via Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The single metal ion uptake studies were performed at 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C. At equilibrium, the sorption data were individually shown to correlate well with the non-competitive Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Among the applied isotherm models, the one-component sorption values do fit the Langmuir isotherm best. The simultaneous and competitive uptake of Cu (II) and Ni (II) was assessed by the extended Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Both adsorption equations complied with the two-component sorption data perfectly. Single- and binary-sorption results unclose that the effect of Sepiolite to Cu (II) is greater than that of Sepiolite to Ni (II).
Investigation of the Importance of Machine Sequence Flexibility on A Flexible Manufacturing System Performance
Authors: İÇ Yusuf Tansel , YURDAKUL Mustafa , DENGİZ Berna , ŞAŞMAZ Turgut
Published: June 2022

Machine sequence flexibility is defined as the combination of operation and routing flexibilities in this study. Its importance in the performance level of a flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) is investigated in this study. Studies related to the effects of various flexibility types, such as routing flexibility, are available in the literature. For example, studies related to routing flexibility try to measure the effects of routing flexibility on the performance levels in the operation of manufacturing systems under their own manufacturing environments. Similarly, this study also aims to present a performance measurement model based on Taguchi methods to evaluate the effects of machine sequence flexibility factors on the FMC performance and obtain an optimum and robust performance level. Two crucial responses, such as manufacturing lead time (MLT) and surface roughness (SR) are analysed to optimize the FMC performance. Robot speed, cutting tool type, and work-part material type are taken as the three other input factors to show the importance of machine sequence flexibility with respect to the other inputs. The study presented in this paper points out that machine sequence flexibility is the most effective input factor among the four input factors in the performance of the FMC.
Estimation of Critical Heat Flux in Different Operating Parameters by Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation
Authors: ESEN Ayşe Nur
Published: June 2022

Çekirdekli kaynamadan ayrılma, ısı akısı değeri, kritik ısı akısı denilen sınır değere ulaştığında meydana gelir ve ısı transferinin azalması ile ısıtılan yüzeyin zarar görmesine neden olabilecek ani sıcaklık artışına neden olur. Bu çalışmada dikey bir borudaki aşırı soğutulmuş akışta kritik ısı akısının meydana geldiği çekirdekli kaynamadan ayrılma koşulları hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği simülasyonu tahmin edilmiştir. Gelişmiş duvar kaynama modeli ANSYS Fluent 2019 R3 yazılımı ile uygulanmıştır. Sabit bir basınçta değişen kütle akısı ve giriş sıcaklığı koşullarında simülasyonlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Modeli doğrulamak için mevcut literatürden deneysel veriler toplanmış ve simülasyon sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen HAD sonuçlarına göre kritik ısı akısı değerinin aşırı soğutma seviyesi ve kütle akısı ile arttığı belirlenmiştir. Hesaplanan kritik ısı akısı değerleri ile deneysel veriler arasındaki ortalama sapma %16’dır. Elde edilen sonuçlar uygulanan modelin kritik ısı akısını tahmin etmede başarılı olduğunu göstermiştir.
Klasik Laminasyon Teorisinin Üç Boyutlu Yazıcı ile Eriyik Yığma Modelleme Yöntemi Kullanılarak Üretilmiş Plastiklere Uygulanması ve Tam Alanlı Yüzey Gerinim Haritalanması
Authors: YİLMAZ Cagatay , ALİ Hafiz Qasim , YILDIZ Mehmet
Published: June 2022

In this study, five differently oriented sets of 3D-printed tensile samples are produced using the Fused Deposition Method (FDM). Among these five sets, three are used to determine the elastic constant to be used in Classical Lamination Theory (CLT), which is generally used to model fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP). Based on the obtained results, CLT is further applied to the remaining two sets of unreinforced 3D-printed polymer samples where the deposition direction varies in each layer. The stress and strain calculated with CLT are then compared with experimental results obtained through tensile testing. The comparison depicts that experimental and CLT results are in good agreement at lower strain levels. In contrast, the stress calculated with CLT deviates from the experimental result at the higher strain levels.Thereafter, a full-field surface strain mapping is applied by using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Techniques to reveal the damage progression and failure of Fused Deposition Method 3-D Printed Plastics.
Investigation of Usability of Imine Bonded Inorganic and Organic Compounds as Thermal Stabilizers for Unplasticized Poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: AY Burak , GÖKBULUT Yener
Published: June 2022

In this study, the usability of inorganic and organic compounds containing imine bonds as thermal stabilizers in rigid PVC production at 190 °C were investigated. In the results of thermogravimetric analysis, it was observed that the thermal stability of inorganic compounds increased compared to organic compounds. As a result of mixing the synthesized inorganic and organic compounds with the base stabilizer at different rates, the plasticization torque and time and thermal endurance times were compared with the reference stabilizer used in the market. Due to the high thermal stability of the compounds, it is thought that it can be preferred because it degrades in a longer time than the reference thermal stabilizer used in the industry.
Dar Hız Kesici Tümsek ve Geniş Hız Kesici Tümsek Geçişlerinde Maruz Kalınan Titreşim Seviyeleri
Authors: KIRBAŞ Ufuk
Published: June 2022

The method used to eliminate the adverse effects of excessive vehicle speed in traffic operation is speed management. In the study, speed control undulations (SCUs), as one of the crucial tools of speed management in urban areas, have been evaluated in terms of their discomfort to the drivers and passengers in the passes over. In the evaluations, two narrow-type SCU (Bump) and two wide-type SCU (Hump) with 5 cm and 10 cm height were investigated. Whole-body vibration (WBV) values of the drivers were recorded by passing over the SCUs with passenger car type vehicles at the speeds of 20, 30, 40 and 50 km/h, and the discomfort levels were evaluated according to ISO 2631-1 standard. Vibration data were evaluated using the aw parameter, which is considered to reflect the average effect of the vibration exposed, and the MTVV parameter, which is considered to be able to display instantaneous shock values with higher accuracy. The results were interpreted with the help of graphics, taking into account the comfort thresholds recommended by the standard. Contribution to the literature has been made on this subject, where there is only a limited number of studies.
Odd Generalized Half-Logistic Weibull Rayleigh Distribution: Properties and an Application
Authors: ÜNAL Ceren , ÖZEL Gamze
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada yeni bir dağılım olan üç parametreli Odd genelleştirilmiş yarı lojistik Weibull-Rayleigh (OGYLW-R) dağılımı tanıtılmıştır. Dağılımın elde edilmesinde, Chipepa vd. (2020) tarafından önerilen yeni dağılım ailesi olarak Odd genelleştirilmiş yarı lojistik Weibul-genelleştirilmiş (OGYLW-G) dağılım ailesi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen dağılımın olasılık yoğunluk, dağılım, hazard, yaşam ve kantil fonksiyonları, momentleri, çarpıklık, basıklık katsayıları ve sıralı istatistiklerini içeren temel istatistiksel özellikleri elde edilmiştir. Dağılımın parametre tahmini en çok olabilirlik tahmin yöntemi ile bulunmuştur. Önerilen dağılımın literatürdeki dağılımlardan üstünlüğünü göstermek için gerçek veri setine uygulanmış ve OGYLW-R dağılımının kesilmiş Weibull-Rayleigh dağılımının uyumu ile karşılaştırılmıştır. OGHLW-R dağılımının veriye daha uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Çarpıklık katsayısına göre dağılımın sola çarpık, basıklık katsayısına göre ise normal dağılıma göre daha basık olduğu görülmüştür.
Electrochemical Determination of Nitrobenzene Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with 2-Aminoanthraquinone
Authors: SELİMOĞLU Faysal , KUDAŞ Züleyha
Published: June 2022

PAAQ (Poly(2-amino-anthraquinone)) films were prepared through electrochemical oxidation of 2-amino-anthraquinone monomer in anhydrous acetonitrile using the supporting electrolyte tetrabutylammonium perchlorate. The effects of scan rate, cycle number, and monomer concentration on polymer film formation were investigated. Electrochemical detection of nitrobenzene (NB) on PAAQ modified glassy carbon electrode was examined with voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The polymer-modified electrode exhibited excellent reducing ability towards NB compared to the unmodified electrode. The NB sensor developed on the polymer-modified electrode showed a wide linear response range of 0.0625 - 8 mM and a low detection limit of 2.294 mM.
Arquitectura de software en wallet de código abierto para privacy coin en dispositivos móviles
Authors:   , Gindre Francisco
Published: June 2022

Desde su surgimiento en 2009, el uso de criptomonedas ha estado en constante crecimiento en términos de cuota de mercado y adopción. Este "boom" está a la vista de todos, y al igual que la gran mayoría de las transacciones del mundo de las finanzas descentralizadas, es de completo estado público. Pese al uso de criptografía de avanzada, la privacidad en el "mundo cripto" es relativamente baja, con excepciones: Las Privacy Coins o Monedas con Mejoramiento del Anonimato (Anonymity Enhancement Coins o AEC). Este trabajo toma la idea de la privacidad como Derecho Humano y se centra en dilucidar los requerimientos para el desarrollo de billeteras electrónicas móviles para AECs, analizando las criptomonedas Monero y Zcash, tomando como caso de estudio esta última.
COVID-19: Vaccine Hesitancy in Africa and the Way Forward
Authors: Omeiza Lukman Ahmed , Azad Abul Kalam , Kozak Kateryna , Mafo Abaniwo Rose , Mamudu Ukashat , Oseyemen Daniel Aikhonmu
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 pandemic took the world by storm in late 2019, scientists and health authorities across the globe struggle to contain the deadly virus. Socio-economic activities across the globe were partly halted as countries around the world introduce various forms of restrictions to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Most developing countries’ economies, especially in Africa, slid into recession, unemployment among Africa countries skyrocketed to an all-time high, and famine and starvation were beginning to knock harder on poorer nations around the world. The race to develop a vaccine was pressing harder; developed countries continue to pump more money to help develop a vaccine within the shortest period of time, as that seems the only viable solution to the economic downturn of the global world.
Finally, vaccines were developed and proved to have high efficacy. This has helped reverse the negative trend of the global economy caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This vaccine faced a lot of global scrutinies, but many people have refused to get vaccinated and have also rejected the idea of making COVID-19 vaccination compulsory for citizens worldwide. This study analyzes the challenges posed by this ugly trend of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in African countries, its socio-economic consequences and the way forward.
Do the Outbreak of COVID-19 Influence the China Stock Market?
Authors: Ashraf Junaid , Gnahe Franck Edouard , Huang Fei-Ming , Rizk Zeinab
Published: June 2022

This study aims at the impact outbreak of COVID-19 influence Chinese currency and stock market over the period December 2, 2019, to January 04, 2021. The Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Homoscedastic approach captures the most common stylized fact about index returns (such as multivariate to capture the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange). Our finding shows the explosive process and risk premium for the Shenzhen stock exchange (SSE) and Shanghai stock exchange (SZSE) index. And the standard deviation depreciation of the Chinese currency during the COVID-19 equivalent to 0.46% improved stock market return by 81% average returns. These results explain that high volatility of index returns is present in the Chinese stock market over the sample period. According to the analysis results, it can be concluded that the number of new cases and the number of recent deaths have a significant effect on the stock market, causing uncertainty in the sustainability.
JEL codes: E37; F37; E31
Renewable Energy and Poverty in Sustainable Development of the European Union
Authors: Mlaskawa Julita
Published: June 2022

The current socioeconomic development results in a number of consequences that lead to changes in the environment. These changes are often harmful and are associated with over- or misuse of natural resources. The issue of sustainable development is increasingly taking a prominent place in regional and local development strategies. Access to energy services is essential for social inclusion. Addressing poverty, including energy poverty, can bring a number of benefits related to reduced health expenditures, reduced air pollution, improved comfort and well-being, and improved household budgets, among other things. According to the results of the analysis, the utilisation of energy from renewable sources is intrinsically linked with the salary level – on average, a higher salary level is accompanied by a larger scale of utilising energy from renewable sources. In spite of the expected negative value, a similar relationship has been observed in the case of correlating the level of poverty with the use of energy from renewable sources – it is higher when the use of energy from renewable sources is higher. The performed study indicates the lack of adequately constructed support mechanisms for the poor in terms of financing and operating installations generating green energy, as well as the lack of proper education as regards local and global benefits resulting from prosumer energy. The desire to eliminate the abovementioned barriers necessitates the continuation of actions concerning synergistic accomplishment of the first and seventh targets, constituting two out of seventeen foundations of sustainable development.
Environmental Refugees, Suggested Solutions of the Problem in the Framework of International Law
Authors: Krajewski Piotr
Published: June 2022

Some environmental changes (either natural or anthropogenic usually caused by leaving sustainable management of its natural resources) alter natural conditions to such an extent that individuals and entire communities are forced to leave their place of permanent residence and seek another that would provide them with at least the minimum subsistence level of living. Some of those journeys may be temporary and cover small distances; others may involve crossing the border of one’s homeland with no hope of ever coming back. Migrants struggle with not only their precarious financial situation, but also a wide range of legal and administrative difficulties, often compounded by social, cultural, religious, and political issues. Even though the number of people fleeing inhospitable environments is increasing every year, the international community and host countries refuse to grant them status to ensure due protection. This, however, does not relieve anybody from the obligation to search for a viable solution.
Corporate Entrepreneurship in the Pursuit of Sustainable Development: Creating a More Sustainable Future
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Pathak Govind Swaroop
Published: June 2022

In recent times, the world has faced environmental challenges like deforestation, Global warming, soil erosion, water pollution, air pollution, and water scarcity. In order to solve the stakeholder demands and challenges, business houses must find answers. Companies must incorporate sustainability into their operations and operate with an entrepreneurial attitude. Sustainably oriented business operations may help firms reduce negative environmental impacts while simultaneously creating shared benefits for themselves and society, called sustainable corporate entrepreneurship. Such entrepreneurial activity helps an organization to achieve sustainable development goals. This research analyses the importance of sustainable corporate entrepreneurship in attaining the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals in a developing country like India through a case study methodology. The study integrates several aspects of sustainable innovation concerning various areas of sustainable development goals. Further Implications, Limitations, and future research directions have been considered.
Sericulture in Terms of Sustainable Development in Agriculture
Authors: Grześkowiak Joanna , Łochyńska Małgorzata , Frankowski Jakub
Published: June 2022

Sericulture is a branch of agriculture specializing in the cultivation of silkworms and cocoon production as well as the cultivation of white mulberry, which is the sole source of food for silkworm caterpillars. Due to the ecological nature of farming both mulberry silkworm and mulberry cultivation, as well as the possibility of managing and processing waste generated in the breeding process, it is fully in line with the trend of sustainable development. Raw materials obtained from silkworm farming constitute the basis for products valued by consumers due to their environmentally friendly production methods and an organic source of raw materials. Silk production can successfully contribute to the increase in popularity and practical application of the idea of sustainable development in agriculture.
Keadaan Umum Alat Tangkap Ikan di Kelurahan Makawidey Kecamatan Aertembaga Kota Bitung
Authors: Roat Juando Prasetya , Manu Lusia
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTFishery is an economic activity that utilizes resources in fisheries by using science and technology for human welfare by optimizing and maintaining the productivity of fishery resources and fisheries sustainability (Yuniardi, 2011). This field work practice aims to (1) Know the general condition of capture fisheries in Makawidey Village (2) Present written information about the general condition of capture fisheries in Makawidey Village (3) Improve student work abilities in collecting capture fisheries information (4) Train students to preparation of field work practice reports. The data collection method is carried out through a survey which is based on the descriptive method. Data collection can be obtained directly from fishermen with direct interviews and written information from the local government. Makawidey Village is located in the city of Bitung with a population of 1393 people, where most of the population works as fishermen, amounting to 192 (73.84). The area of Makawide Village is 110 Ha consisting of residential areas, plantations, protected forests and state land. The fishing gear used by purse seines, soma dampar, noru fishing rods with the dominant catch is selar "tude" (Selaroides leptolepis), fly fish "malalugis" (Decapterus), anchovy "white fish" (engraulidae).ABSTRAKPerikanan adalah suatu kegiataan perekonomian yang memanfaatkan sumber daya dalam perikanan dengan menggunakan ilmu pengetahuan dan  teknologi untuk kesejahteraan manusia dengan mengoptimalisasikan dan memelihara produktivitas sumber daya perikanan dan kelestarian perikanan (Yuniardi, 2011). Praktek kerja lapangan ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mengetahui keadaan umum perikanan tangkap di Kelurahan Makawidey (2) Menyajikan informasi tertulis mengenai keadaan umum perikanan tangkap di Kelurahan Makawidey (3) Meningkatkan kemampuan kerja mahasiswa di dalam mengumpulkan informasi perikanan tangkap (4) Melatih mahasiswa untuk pembuatan laporan praktek kerjaa lapangan. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei yang di dasarkan pada metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data di dapat langsung dari nelayan dengan wawancara langsung dan informasi tertulis dari pemerintahan setempat. Kelurahan Makawidey yang terletak di kota Bitung dengan jumlah penduduk 1393 jiwa dimana sebagian besar penduduk bermata pencarian sebagai nelayan yang berjumlah 192 (73,84). Luas wilayah Kelurahan Makawide 110 Ha terdiri atas pemukiman penduduk, perkebunan, hutan lindung dan tanah negara. Alat tangkap yang digunakan pukat cincin, soma dampar, pancing noru dengan hasil tangkapan dominan adalah ikan selar “tude” (Selaroides leptolepis), ikan layang “malalugis” (Decapterus), ikan teri ‘ikan putih” (engraulidae).
Studi Jangkauan Penetrasi Cahaya Lampu Led Dalam Air Di Perairan Selat Lembeh
Authors: Pandeirot Christian Risky , Manoppo Lefrand , Labaro Ivor Lembondorong , Sompie Meta Sonja , Kaparang Frangky Erens , Thamin Arman , Pamikiran Revols D. Ch.
Published: June 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang memiliki garis pantai terpanjang nomor 2 (dua) di dunia dengan panjang 99.093 km(DJPRL, 2018).Indonesia memiliki wilayah laut, pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil yang luas dan bermakna strategis sebagai pilar pembangunan ekonomi nasional. Selain memiliki nilai ekonomis, sumberdaya kelautan juga mempunyai nilai ekologis, di samping itu, kondisi geografis Indonesia terletak antara lautan Pasifik dan lautan Hindia (Hartono, 2013).Penelitian ini dilakukan di perairan Selat Lembeh Desa Binuang Kecamatan Lembeh Utara Kota Bitung Melalui survey di atas bagan yang didasarkan pada metode deskriptif, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui jangkauan penetrasi cahaya lampu LED dalam air di lokasi penempatan bagan, dan mendapatkan model matematis hubungan antara jarak dan perobahan kuat penetrasi cahaya untuk masing-masing warna lampu.Pengambilan data dilakukan pada malam hari sekitar jam 20:00 WITA sampai dengan jam 21:00 WITA, dengan cara mengukur intensitas cahaya pada sumber cahaya dengan menggunakan luxmeter pada jarak-jarak jarak 0,5 meter, 1 meter, 1,5 meter, 2 meter, 2,5 meter, 3 meter, 3,5 meter, 4 meter, 4,5 meter, 5 meter, 5,5 meter, dan 6 meter dengan kedalaman 1 meter.Jangkauan terbesar penetrasi cahaya lampu LED dalam air adalah cahaya lampu warna putih, kemudian diikuti oleh warna biru, warna hijau, dan warna merah. Hasil analisis hubungan antara jarak dan perubahan kuat penetrasi cahaya untuk masing-masing warna lampu adalah sebagai berikut : I = 52,46 . e- 1,70 (r)(putih), I = 56,27 .e– 2,08 (r) (biru), I = 57,63 .e- 2,28 (r) (hijau), dan I = 39,80 .e– 2,53 (r)(merah), yang berarti bahwa semakin bertambah jarak (r), maka intensitas cahaya akan semakin berkurang.
Pola sebaran bagan dan adaptasi nelayan dalam operasi penangkapan di Perairan Desa Tateli Weru Kabupaten Minahasa
Authors: Sitompul Lia Anggreni , Budiman Johnny , Labaro Ivor Lembondorong , Sitanggang Effendi Pengihutan , Silooy Fanny
Published: June 2022

Salah satu kegiatan perikanan yang menonjol di perairan Desa Tateli Weru adalah perikanan bagan.  Pengoperasian alat tangkap bagan, umumnya dimulai pada saat matahari mulai tenggelam.  Penangkapan umumnya dilaksanakan di perairan dekat pantai, yaitu daerah teluk atau tempat yang aman terhadap arus, angin dan gelombang. Dampak dari penempatan bagan oleh nelayan  tangkap di perairan Tateli Weru adalah perubahan volume hasil tangkapan setiap bulan dan perubahan jumlah waktu melaut yang sangat mempengaruhi kesejahteraan masyarakat nelayan. Untuk itu nelayan melakukan pola adaptasi  dan strategi ekonomi untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pola sebaran bagan apung dan kondisi perubahan cuaca terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan di Desa Tateli Weru. Penelitian ini mengikuti metode deskriptif yang didasarkan pada studi kasus.  Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan plotting survei posisi masing-masing bagan, menggunakan GPS dan perahu tipe pamo. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil nilai T adalah 1.23 yang berarti pola sebaran alat tangkap di desa Tateli Weru termasuk pola acak atau tidak merata (Random Pattern). Jarak terdekat antar bagan adalah 279.93 meter. Karena jarak antar bagan saling berdekatan, maka ikan yang sudah terkumpul di suatu bagan lain yang cahaya lampunya lebih terang. Hal ini berdampak pada jumlah hasil tangkapan yang tidak optimal. Pada akhirnya diperlukan aturan pola penyebaran bagan yang berjarak antar bagan serta strategi ekonomi untuk mata pencaharian nelayan yang lebih baik dalam rangka adaptasi menghadapi dampak perubahan cuaca.
Selective area growth of β-Ga2O3 by HCl-based halide vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Oshima Takayoshi , Oshima Yuichi
Published: June 2022

We demonstrated selective area growth of β-Ga2O3 by HCl-based halide vapor phase epitaxy on SiO2-masked (001) and (010) β-Ga2O3 substrates. Perfect growth selectivity was achieved under the presence of HCl etching gas in addition to the growth precursors. In both substrate cases, (100) facet dominated the grown shapes owing to their smallest surface energy density. High-aspect-ratio structures having (100) sidewall facets were observed for the stripe windows along [010] and [001] directions on the (001) and (010) substrates, respectively. These structures may be applicable to trenches and fins used for β-Ga2O3-based power devices.
Ricordiamoci che i vice fanno le veci
Authors: Coletti Vittorio , D'Achille Paolo
Published: June 2022

Ci sono pervenute molte domande che chiedono se, in presenza di un sindaco uomo, la donna da lui nominata vice debba essere chiamata vicesindaca o vicesindaco. La stessa alternativa si pone quando è una sindaca a nominare come vice un uomo. Altri quesiti su vice, vicario, facente funzione, sostituto, riguardano la possibile gerarchia esistente tra queste denominazioni. Molti chiedono indicazioni sulla corretta forma dei plurali.