bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory features in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease depending on the presence of an exacerbation or a novel coronavirus infection
Authors: Kulik E. G. , Pavlenko V. I. , Naryshkina S. V.
Published: September 2022

Aim. To analyze of the severity of respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), depending on the presence of an exacerbation or novel coronavirus infection (NCVI), taking into account the activity of acute phase blood parameters.Materials and methods. The medical documentation of 162 patients with COPD was studied, which were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (n=61) ‒ COPD and NCVI, group 2 (n=53) – stable COPD, group 3 (n=48) ‒ COPD exacerbation. The severity of respiratory symptoms was assessed using points. To assess the activity of inflammation the following biochemical indicators were used ‒ C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (g/L).Results. According to the severity of cough and the intensity of dyspnea on the mMRC scale, the first, second and third groups did not differ statistically (p=0.07). Patients of the first group (82.5%) characterized by the absence of classical criteria for exacerbation of COPD. In terms of the severity of sputum production, the first, second and third groups are statistically different (p=0.0001). The first, second and third groups differ significantly in the level of serum CRP (p=0.0001) and fibrinogen (p=0.009). According to the results of the correlation analysis, some relationships found between respiratory symptoms and the level of CRP and fibrinogen.Conclusion. The clinical feature of the associated course of stable COPD and NCVI is the presence of severe dyspnea and the absence of classic criteria for exacerbation of COPD. Systemic inflammation in NCVI and stable COPD are more pronounced than in isolated stable COPD or exacerbation and correlates with cough and dyspnea. Practitioners for the differential diagnosis of NCVI in stable COPD can use the data obtained.
ANALYSIS OF THREATS TO INFORMATION SECURITY OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND MAIN DIRECTIONS OF INFORMATION PROTECTION
Authors: Хвостов Виктор Анатольевич , Гулов Владимир Павлович , Чопоров Олег Николаевич , Хвостов Александр Викторович , Гулова Наталия Владимировна
Published: September 2022

К медицинскому оборудованию медицинских организаций (МО) мы относим клинические информационные системы, медицинские приборы, системы удаленного ухода за пациентом, мобильные клиентские устройства и системы идентификации пациентов и медицинского персонала. На основе анализа уязвимостей медицинского оборудования, используемых в них сетевых технологий, а также сервисов удаленного доступа к медицинским информационным системам (МИС) предложена классификация угроз медицинскому оборудованию и проведен анализ возможностей по реализации этих угроз. Целью работы является разработка модели угроз безопасности информации медицинскому оборудованию, проведение исследований по оценке применяемых в настоящее время средств защиты информации в медицинских организациях и формирование направлений дальнейших исследований по разработке способов и средств защиты информации в медицинском оборудовании. В статье рассматриваются источники угроз, уязвимости медицинскому оборудованию, возможные каналы воздействия угроз, объекты воздействия и ущербы, обусловленные реализациями угроз имеющие характерные для данного типа оборудования, точки приложения реализаций угроз и векторы. Проведен анализ контекста применения медицинского оборудования и влияния на эффективность оказания медицинской помощи и влиянию на пациентов

The analysis of medical equipment used in healthcare organizations, including clinical information systems, medical devices, remote patient care systems, mobile client devices and systems for identifying patients and medical personnel, has been carried out. Based on the analysis of the vulnerabilities of medical equipment, the network technologies used in them, as well as services for remote access to medical information systems, a classification of threats to medical equipment is proposed and an analysis of the possibilities for the implementation of these threats is carried out. The aim of the work is to develop a model of threats to the security of information to medical equipment, to conduct research to assess the currently used means of protecting information and to form directions for further research on the development of methods and means of protecting information in medical equipment. The article discusses the sources of threats, vulnerabilities of medical equipment, possible channels of influence of threats, objects of influence and damage caused by the implementation of threats that have application points of the implementations of threats and vectors characteristic of this type of equipment. The analysis of the context of the use of medical equipment and the impact on the effectiveness of medical care and the impact on patients
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY DISCONTINUATION OF BREASTFEEDING
Authors: Самодай Валентина Николаевна , Фролов Михаил Вадимович , Животягина Марина Сергеевна
Published: September 2022

Кормление грудью является одним из самых естественных процессов. Но вместе с тем - это сложный способ взаимодействия между матерью и ребенком, на который могут влиять биологические, психические, демографические и социальные факторы. Грудное молоко является лучшим источником питания, который обеспечивает оптимальный рост и развитие младенца. Однако достаточно большое количество матерей завершают грудное вскармливание ранее, чем ребенку исполнится шесть месяцев. В статье приведены данные по изучению причин, ассоциированных с ними факторов раннего завершения лактации, их связи с возрастом отлучения ребенка от груди. Было изучено влияние социально-демографических и клинических характеристик матерей на причины и сроки полного прекращения грудного вскармливания. В исследовании было выявлено, что большинство причин не связаны с определенной продолжительностью грудного вскармливания и с изученными характеристиками матери и ребенка. Для решения проблем раннего прекращения лактации и помощи матерям в достижении желаемой продолжительности кормления грудью требуется своевременно начатая, постоянная профессиональная поддержка. Полученные результаты позволят медицинским работникам принимать соответствующие меры по поддержке продолжительного, исключительно грудного, вскармливания

Breastfeeding is one of the most natural processes. But at the same time, it is a complex way of interaction between mother and child, which can be influenced by biological, mental, demographic and social factors. Breast milk is the best source of nutrition that ensures optimal growth and development of the baby. However, quite a large number of mothers complete breastfeeding earlier than the child turns six months old. The article presents data on the study of the causes and associated factors of early completion of lactation, their relationship with the age of weaning. The influence of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of mothers on the causes and timing of complete cessation of breastfeeding was studied. The study revealed that most of the reasons are not associated with a certain duration of breastfeeding and with the studied characteristics of the mother and child. To solve the problems of early termination of lactation and help mothers need timely, ongoing professional support to achieve the desired duration of breastfeeding. The results obtained will allow medical professionals to take appropriate measures to support prolonged, exclusively breastfeeding
THE ROLE OF ANEMIA IN THE PREVENTION OF RECURRENCE OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE PELVIC ORGANS
Authors: Лещева Мария Юрьевна , Коротких Ирина Николаевна
Published: September 2022

Данная статья затрагивает проблему анемий в современной медицине, в частности в акушерстве и гинекологии. На сегодняшний день железодефицитная анемия является лидером среди всех существующих анемий. Она очень часто встречается в практике акушеров-гинекологов, как поликлинического звена, так и стационарного. Сочетание анемии с гинекологической или акушерской патологией задает определенную задачу врачу в плане правильной дифференциальной диагностики, клиники и лечения анемии. На сегодняшний день имеется очень ограниченный список публикаций, посвященный лечению железодефицитной анемии на фоне воспалительных заболеваний органов малого таза. В основном, публикации посвящены железодефицитной анемии на фоне нарушений менструального цикла, миомы матки, гиперпластических процессов эндометрия, эндометриоза, полипов эндометрия. Что касается акушерской практики, то это развитие анемии в результате предлежания плаценты, преждевременной отслойки плаценты, разрыва матки, кровотечения в III периоде родов, роды посредством вакуумной экстракции или щипцов, многоплодной беременности, кровотечений после 28 недель беременности. Цель: провести анализ российской и зарубежной литературы о значении анемии в профилактике рецидивов воспалительных заболеваний у женщин детородного возраста

This article addresses the problem of anemia in modern medicine, in particular in obstetrics and gynecology. To date, iron deficiency anemia is the leader among all existing anemia. It is very common in the practice of obstetrician-gynecologists, both outpatient and inpatient. The combination of anemia with gynecological or obstetric pathology sets a certain task for the doctor in terms of correct differential diagnosis, clinic and treatment of anemia. To date, there is a very limited list of publications on the treatment of iron deficiency anemia associated with inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Basically, publications are devoted to iron deficiency anemia against the background of menstrual disorders, uterine fibroids, endometrial hyperplastic processes, endometriosis, endometrial polyps. As for obstetric practice, this is the development of anemia as a result of placenta previa, placental abruption, uterine rupture, bleeding in the third stage of labor, delivery by vacuum extraction or forceps, multiple pregnancy, bleeding after 28 weeks of pregnancy. Purpose: to analyze the Russian and foreign literature on the importance of anemia in the prevention of recurrence of inflammatory diseases in women of childbearing age
Deprogramming Bias: Expanding the Exclusionary Rule to Pretextual Traffic Stop Using Data from Autonomous Vehicle and Drive-Assistance Technology
Authors: Hillman Joe
Published: September 2022

As autonomous vehicles become more commonplace and roads become safer, this new technology provides an opportunity for courts to reconsider the constitutional rationale of modern search and seizure law. The Supreme Court should allow drivers to use evidence of police officer conduct relative to their vehicle’s technological capabilities to argue that a traffic stop was pretextual, meaning they were stopped for reasons other than their supposed violation. Additionally, the Court should expand the exclusionary rule to forbid the use of evidence extracted after a pretextual stop. The Court should retain some exceptions to the expanded exclusionary rule, such as when there is a major public safety concern. In the semi-autonomous world, the Court has the opportunity to adopt a more expansive vision of Fourth Amendment protections and, in doing so, help remedy the issue of racial profiling in traffic stops.
Officer-Created Jeopardy and Reasonableness Reform: Rebuttable Presumption of Unreasonableness Within 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Police Use of Force Claims
Authors: Borodkin Bryan
Published: September 2022

This Note analyzes the current state of civil law surrounding police use of excessive force, highlighting the evolution of the “objective reasonableness” test employed in civil police use of force lawsuits brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This Note also discusses the role that social movements and surveillance technologies have played in furthering police accountability and shifting public opinion surrounding police use of force. After detailing this social and technological context, this Note addresses the numerous problems presented by the “objective reasonableness” test employed within civil police use of force cases, analyzing this problematic test from the perspective of both the public and the police. This Note coins the term “officer-created jeopardy liability loophole” and explains how, under the current test, officer-defendants can escape § 1983 liability when they deliberately or recklessly escalate a situation or create the need for force in the first place. To close this liability loophole and resolve other problems presented by the current “objective reasonableness” test, this Note proposes a rebuttable presumption of unreasonableness, in which a § 1983 plaintiff can present evidence to establish a prima facie case of officer-created jeopardy which, if not sufficiently rebutted by an officer-defendant, presumes the officer-defendant’s use of force unreasonable and in violation of § 1983.
Theoretical and legal characteristics of methodological methods of research of legal protection of entrepreneurs‘ rights
Authors: Hryhorchuk Myroslav
Published: September 2022

Theoretical and legal aspects of the method of scientific research as a tool to increase the effectiveness of legal protection of therights and legally protected interests of business entities are analyzed.Thanks to the author’s generalization of methodological tools used as a theoretical and applied framework of multi-aspect andmulti-stage law enforcement process, the grounds for the use of legitimate means of coercion to restore the subjective right violated byillegal actions of economic participants.Based on his own conclusions, the author makes some judgments that explain the lack of equal understanding of the legal sciencesof the concepts of “method” and “methodological tools”. This, according to the author, is the main reason for the insufficientlevel of theoretical and legal analysis of methodological tools of legal phenomena in various spheres of public life, including economic activity. The opinion is substantiated that only due to the systematic inclusion in a logical and consistent order of the necessary toolsof methodological research in the processes of restoration of subjective law violated by illegal actions can a qualitative result beachieved in the direction of law and order in business.The use of intersectoral methodological tools to study the issues of legal protection of the rights and legally protected interestsof business entities contributed to a more complete and comprehensive study of these phenomena at the intersection of branch legal sciences.The logical and legal connections between the material and procedural aspects of the phenomenon of legal protection of the rightsof economic participants, based on the dialectical unity of legal phenomena as phenomena of the same order, ie those that have approxi -mately the same legal composition and are relatively autonomous in relation to the sphere of activity.
Legal heritage and legal tradition – on the issue of correlation
Authors: Kobko-Odariiy Viktoriia
Published: September 2022

Increased interest in the study of legal heritage and legal traditions as a factor in the stability of the legal system is determinedby the crisis of Ukrainian legal reality, which forces both scholars and legislators to think about finding ways to update Ukrainian law,the effectiveness of the national legal system.The purpose of this theoretical and legal study is to analyze the relationship between two legal categories – legal heritage andlegal tradition. Identification of common and distinctive features.The article analyzes the definitions of the concept of legal heritage and legal traditions, namely: legal heritage is a set of spiritual,historically stable ties, relations, results of legal activity, which ensure the translation and acceptance of past legal experience, as wellas provides the orientation of people’s lives to strengthen historical and legal values; legal traditions reproducing the content-formingprinciples of law, which provide the tradition and perception of previous legal experience, as well as the orientation of legal reality tostrengthen, restore the legal heritage. 

It should be noted that the legal heritage is largely defined as the embodiment of a tradition, the transmission of which contributesto the meaning of the past and present. If we consider the legal heritage based on its historical and cultural interpretation, we can seethe following meanings: «leaving a legal footprint», «finding a legal footprint», «movement on the legal footprint», «legal footprint ofancestors». Thus, what leaves its mark for many years, as a rule, is of special value, which means that it went beyond the everyday,mundane and became timeless.The legal heritage expresses the historical movement of the legal system. On the positive side, the legal heritage is understoodas certain connections, interactions that take place within the legal culture, the legal system. «Any legal system is based on the legalheritage and at the same time creates it. It is an indicator of legal culture that is part of a particular legal system as an integral elementof its ideological subsystem». The concept of the legal heritage of nations is a logical reflection at the national level of the concept ofworld legal heritage.Tradition preserves the legal system, ensures its qualitative originality, self-reproduction, self-identity in history. Tradition, understoodas cultural imitation and heritage, appears as the life force of culture, as a mechanism for preserving and reproducing culturalconstants.
Anomies of social normativeness
Authors: Сhuvakova Hanna
Published: September 2022

This article covers anomalous manifestations of the social and legal sphere taking place in reality. Social normativity is interdependentwith legal normativity, since law is a social phenomenon, which is repeatedly emphasized in doctrine.Legal normativity is focused on regulating, ordering relations in society through the introduction of a general duty of order, theestablishment of a measure enshrined in the rule of law. As practice shows, today the existence of normativeness and its consolidationin legal forms, legal acts, is mandatory for society and the state. In the legal norm, the boundaries of possible and appropriate behaviorare unified, significant values and ideals are reflected, from which legal consciousness is formed, as a phenomenon of a person’s innerworld, phenomena necessary for society are fixed, which play the role of normative regulators of social relations, order the process ofsocial practice, prevent destructive manifestations in society.Legal normativity is directly related to the regulation of social relations, which is a way of realizing the necessary organizationof people within the framework of society and maintaining the balance of the system.According to the author, legal normativity gives the social world regulation and certainty. But, in periods of weakening of thenorms, their contradictions and inconsistency with the development of social relations, anomalous phenomena occur in the behavior ofindividuals and their groups, their behavior begins to deviate from the rules. It is in such a situation that we are dealing with anomie, amoral and psychological state of individual and social consciousness, characterized by the destruction of the value system, which is dueto the crisis of modern society. In a broad sense, the concept of anomie means various kinds of violations (deviations) in the value andnormative system of society, which is a kind of anomies in the legal sphere.
Legal errors: concept, classification, causes and ways of their counteracting (eliminating)
Authors: Havrilyuk Svitlana
Published: September 2022

The article covers the results of theoretical analysis of research on legal errors, analyzes the nature of such a legal phenomenon,ways of counteracting it and, given the causes of legal errors, identifies measures to prevent them in law enforcement. The objectiveand subjective causes of legal errors are specified and analyzed. The objective ones do not depend on the will and consciousness oflawmakers; the subjective ones are generated by the will of lawmakers, because only professional legal activities and their results arepotential sources of error.It is established that doctrinal errors are system functioning deviations closely related to the state policy in the legal field, andthere is no special procedure for detecting doctrinal errors, so they appear in the process of implementing legal doctrine, directly orindirectly detriment the quality of legal life of society. In addition, depending on the type of legal activity, errors in law-making, errorsin law enforcement, errors in legal interpretation are distinguished. These types of errors, in turn, are divided into different kinds. The main tendencies of the concept of legal error, which are embodied in specific results, are revealed, therefore, they are an unpredictableconsequence of a person’s assessment of certain circumstances (including his or her action), which he or she considered solely legitimate,but which did not turn out to be so.The research showed that the error does not arise by itself, it is the embodiment of misinterpretation, misunderstanding of thecontent of the rule of law in the mind of the subject, it is the wrong form of consolidation of information in it. It is proved that raisinglegal awareness, especially professional one, should serve for preventing and counteracting legal mistakes.It should be noted that in Ukrainian science a complete and consistent theory of legal errors is currently being formed, withresearchers mostly addressing certain types of legal errors or considering them in the context of studying broader issues. The perceptionof legal scholars about the meaning of the concept of “error” in legal science is quite ambiguous, which often leads to inconsistenciesin the conceptual apparatus of modern legal theory and requires a comprehensive study.
Federalism in the modern world: a critical view at the problems of doctrine and practice
Authors: Batanov Oleksandr
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the article is a constitutional and legal study of the essential and substantive characteristics of federalism as aphenomenon of modern constitutional law. The synergistic relationship between the doctrine of modern federalism, the principles of federalism of the state territory and the fundamental institutions of the political, legal and state administration life of modern federalstates is shown. It is proved that the federal state structure is not only one of the important components of the process of achieving thetasks, goals and functions of modern federal states, but also an immanent feature and a strategic element of the mechanism for theimplementation of their sovereign rights.A critical analysis of topical problems of the theory and practice of modern federalism is given. It is proved that federalism is amultidimensional socio-political and constitutional phenomenon: it is an idea, and an independent theory and scientific direction, andglobal social and constitutional practice, and the constitutional form of existence and functioning of territorial collectives and regions,and the historical state of statehood, and a form of implementation. national identity and citizenship and the like.It turns out that the constitutional establishment of a federation does not in itself provide society with the right to free choice anddemocratic institutions. Moreover, federalism itself needs democratic principles. In other words, the less democracy there is in a statethat builds federalism, the less chance there is to build it, and therefore the more conflicts and clashes. The experience of the formation,existence and disintegration of these federations shows that the legal design of a federal state does not always take into account thepresence / absence of preconditions for federalism, that the application (political and legal) is more federal than federalism, that is, itsform, not its content. Therefore, in order to form a federal system in transit countries with adequate political infrastructure, it isnecessary not only to develop and adopt at the national level a program of federal construction, but also to ensure the conditions for itsimplementation.
The candidate guarantee deposit institute in the local Ukrainian elections
Authors: Yemelianenko Karim
Published: September 2022

n this article, the author presents the institution of candidate guarantee deposit in local elections in Ukraine, in particular, a theoreticaland retrospective analysis of the use of candidate guarantee in elections is carried out, the goals and circumstances of the introduction,political expediency in the formation of representative bodies of power and local self-government are analyzed. The author ofthe article draws attention to the inner essence and size of the electoral deposit in comparison with national elections to representativebodies of state power and local self-government, setting out the positions of national constitutional and international courts. The authorexamines the definitions and the legal nature of the concept of elections, electoral law, electoral process, pledge as a civil institution inconstitutional law, indicators for calculating the candidate guarantee deposit in the electoral process, the use of the candidate guarantee deposit in accordance with the rules of electoral legislation. This scientific article is intended to show both the scientific and philosophi -cal and the practical substantiation of the essence of the institution of a candidate guarantee deposit in the electoral process in local electionsin Ukraine. Along with the development of Ukrainian society, Ukrainian statehood and democratic institutions of Ukraine, thenecessity for changes in electoral legislation has serious reasons. The author considers that in Ukraine the institution of a candidateguarantee deposit in local elections and in national elections is an indicator of the “public quality” of a candidate regarding his possibilityto participate in elections and the seriousness of the implementation of his intentions. And the next change that will help the voterchoose a worthy candidate for a particular position or get a deputy mandate may become the payment of taxes by the candidate to thebudget of the state or a specific community.
Problems of the realization of the requirements of Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the appeal of cases of administrative offenses
Authors: Havaleshko Petro
Published: September 2022

The article examines the problems of the realization of the requirements of Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection ofHuman Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the appeal of cases of administrative offenses. It is emphasized that control of the appellatecourt over compliance with the requirements of Art. 6 of the Convention by the court of first instance is an important task to ensurethe implementation of the requirements of a fair trial. It should be noted that, in accordance with judicial practice, the violations by thecourt of first instance of the requirements of Art. 6 of the Convention are deemed to be a significant violation of the Criminal ProcedureCode of Ukraine, cause the reversal of the sentence with the referral of a case of administrative offenses to a new trial. In particular,these violations include: sentencing by an illegal court in violation of the rules of jurisdiction (the right to a court established by law),violation of impartiality of the court (sentencing by a court, which previously expressed on guilt and evaluation of evidence), violationof the right to defense (including any manifestations of violation of this right, that is trial without the participation of defense counsel,with the participation of defense counsel, but without effective legal assistance, failure to give the defendant the final statement or theright to participate in debates, absence of an attorney during the final statement, failure to report 5 days in advance about the day, timeand place of the court hearing of the court of first instance).It is concluded that it is necessary to improve significantly the legislation and law enforcement practice in order to realize therequirements of a fair trial during the appeal of cases of administrative offenses. Further development of the appeal in line with therequirements of Art. 6 of the Convention should take place either in the direction of specifying the exact list of cases of necessity ofjudicial investigation according to the rules of the court of first instance, or by recognizing that the modern appeal is not able to elimi -nate any violation of Art. 6 of the Convention, as this is possible only if the case is re-examined by a court of first instance. However,both options have significant disadvantages. The first one entails some organizational and technical problems associated with ensuringthe appearance of witnesses from remote areas, the need to provide all district courts with the means of communication to ensure theinterrogation of witnesses and victims, whose appearance in court of appeal is difficult to ensure. The second one entails the shortco -mings associated with the increase in the terms of the proceedings, and so on.
Formation of the authorized economic operator institution in the law of the European Union and Ukraine
Authors: Ostrikova Tatiana
Published: September 2022

The article deals with the development of the authorized economic operator institution in the law of the European Union andUkraine in historical retrospective. Special attention is given to the preconditions for the formation of doctrinal ideas on the need tointroduce new relationships and forms of partnerships between customs services and business.This article argues that the development of partner relations between customs authorities and business entities-users of customsservices has been actively considered by European scientists since the end of the twentieth century as an effective tool for simplifyingcustoms control. The first international legal document that created a legal basis for further establishment and functioning of the authorizedeconomic operator institution was the Kyoto Convention in 1999 Brussels Protocol version.We claim that the institution of an authorized economic operator in its current state was introduced into the EU legal field by theadoption of the 2005 Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade (SAFE). Main issues of development of the authorizedeconomic operator institution in those years were highlighted, considerable attention was focused on the problems of introducingof these innovations on the EU territory. Main international legal acts related to the regulation of the institution of an authorized economicoperator at that time were discussed.Special attention was paid to the importance of the EU Customs Code provisions entry into legal force in 2016 for optimizationof the legal regulation of the authorized economic operator institution, as well as the comprehensive development of international bilate -ral and regional treaties in the research field.An emphasis was made on the consideration of the problems associated with the evolution of the formation and development ofthe authorized economic operator institution in Ukraine. It was found that the establishment of legislation on provision of advantagesand simplifications during custom clearance by customs authorities to business entities in the legal field of Ukraine were caused byEuropean integration aspirations. Considerable attention in the academic contribution was devoted to the problems associated with theintroduction of an authorized economic operator into the national customs regulation system and its practical implementation. The maingaps were highlighted that made practical implementation of the studied reform impossible, which subsequently led to the introductionof a new institution of an authorized economic operator, which is still valid today.
Economic and legal problems of implementation of program-target approach in the space industry of Ukraine
Authors: Shemshuchenko Yuriy , Semenyaka Vasyl
Published: September 2022

The article examines the current problems of economic and legal regulation of the formation and implementation of program-targetapproach in the space industry of Ukraine. It is shown that the application of national targeted scientific and technical space programshas not become an effective state tool for solving problems of development of the national space industry.The necessity of significant increase of economic and legal requirements to space programs, their validity and objectivity of definitionof the effective indicators characterizing efficiency of development of money is substantiated. The introduction of budget fundingfor space program activities should be aimed solely at achieving specific results of space activities, which is crucial for the implementationof targeted space programs. It is summarized that within the space program it is necessary to implement only the priority problemareas of innovative space activities, which have a significant impact on the further development of the national space industry.The main mission of the state should be to financially satisfy the exclusively public interests of society. It is the priority spaceneeds of the state that must be met at the expense of budgetary sources of funding.

The definition in the space program of new strategic directions of high-tech development of the space industry should be carriedout according to the types of national space activities that have an innovative basis and are most important for the needs of the stateand society. The state must undertake to finance only those measures of space programs which provide for the manufacture of rocketand space products and the provision of space services that are in real demand in the market of space services and technologies, as wellas necessary to address critical socio-economic problems, maintaining the defense capabilities of the state, its national security.There is a need to modernize the organizational, legal, economic and methodological approaches to the development of spaceprograms, their adaptation to market conditions. It is noted that the main indicators of the effectiveness of program-targeted planningand management of the national space industry should be recognized financial and economic indicators of space activities of economicentities of the space sector of the economy and the final results of the space program.
Protection of intellectual property rights in the conditions of innovative development of countries
Authors: Kovalova Maryna
Published: September 2022

The article deals with practical problems of application and use of reservations to international treaties by states. The issue ofreservations to treaties is one of the most complex of all issues of public international law. By means of a reservation, the state expressesits will by a unilateral act in order to exclude or change the legal effect of certain articles or provisions of an international treaty as toitself. In case of reservations under one international treaty, a number of other additional agreements are allegedly established, whichcreate different legal regimes.In the context of the positive influence of international law on the expansion of both international relations and domestic law ofstates, the institution of reservations in the law of international treaties is becoming increasingly important. Various aspects of the problemof reservations to international treaties are constantly the subject of research by both domestic and foreign scholars and practicinglawyers in international law.Modern state practice shows that when concluding multilateral agreements, the interests of the subjects of international law donot always coincide, and in this regard, the right to make reservations is an important means of securing them.Many attempts have been made to challenge the sovereign right of states to make reservations to international treaties. Such statementswere made at the UN Commission on International Law and at the Vienna Conference during the discussion of the reservation.It was argued that the reservations destroyed the integrity of the agreement in the international treaty (French lawyer A. Gro), that theymade illusory the universality of the treaty (Italian lawyer R. Ago). It has been suggested that the reservation be valid only if it is accep -ted by two-thirds of the participating States in the conference that adopted the treaty. There was even the idea of creating a special mecha nism that would determine the compatibility of reservations with the object and purpose of the treaty. However, all these propo -sals did not receive the support of the majority of participants in the Vienna Conference.It is now clear that a number of provisions of the Vienna Convention, due to their ambiguity, create many difficulties in the applicationof the reservation regime, in addition, certain aspects of the legal regime of reservations are left out of consideration of legalregu lation. The legal consequences of accepting reservations, the content of the condition of compatibility of the reservation with theobject and purpose of the international treaty remain unclear; the possibility of applying the rules relating to reservations to internationalhuman rights treaties, etc.
Regulatory and institutional mechanism of human rights impact assessment of international trade agreements in Ukraine
Authors: Rashevska Kateryna
Published: September 2022

This article provides an analysis of the information obtained as a result of cooperation with the state authorities of Ukraine onthe human rights impact assessment of international trade agreements. The author sent requests for acquiring public information to theMinistry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture. As a result, itwas found that the human rights impact assessment of international trade agreements, despite the existence of a corresponding obligationto conduct it and the attribution of such competence to certain government agencies is not carried out. Accordingly, there is no me -thodology for such an assessment, which excluded the organizational dimension from the subject of the article.The article reflects current approaches to the humanization of international trade law. The author focused on the establishmentand approval of a new concept of cooperation between members of the international community namely R2A (responsibility to act),which in addition to protecting violated human rights also provides for active action to promote them for sustainable development. Itimplies, inter alia, the inclusion of a human rights clause in the text of all international trade agreements. The author concluded that itis necessary to carry out the human rights impact assessment of such agreements in order to increase the positive and minimize thenegative consequences of their implementation.The article represents the positive experience of states and regional associations that assess the impact on human rights, as wellas identifies potential risks and limitations of this mechanism. It was found that the number of international obligations of Ukraine inthe field of the human rights impact assessment is growing, while the implementation of their provisions at the national level is not produced,which requires improving the existing institutional mechanism and avoiding adaptation of ineffective practices in the nationallegal environment.
Control as a means of safeguarding nation-wide interests
Authors: Sirenko Vasyl
Published: September 2022

The article is concerned with solving the problem of safeguarding nation-wide interests by improving the control activities of thestate.It is noted that the coordination of group, individual and public interests is the designation of the state and an essential elementof its activities. The nation-wide interest is understood by the author as the relationship between the need to satisfy the demands of societyand the ability to satisfy them through the multilateral activities of the state.It is emphasized that primarily the nation-wide interest is formed and formulated in the Constitution of Ukraine, as well as in thelegislation in force derivative from it, through the law-making activities of the Ukrainian Parliament and the rule-making activities ofthe Ukrainian Government. Therefore, the realization of the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and law enforcement activitiesof public authorities ensure the realization of nation-wide interests.An emphasis is placed on the need to improve the law-making process towards democratization, which will help identify andtake into account the interests of society, of its various social strata and groups in the laws.

It is emphasized that the dialectic of priority of interests manifests itself in the fact that through the formation and realization ofprivate and collective interests the development of nation-wide interest is achieved and the strengthening of the nation-wide interestbecomes the basis for the development of personal, private and collective interests.Attention is given to the issues of improving parliamentary control, the activities of the prosecution service, state control ofgovernment bodies.In institutional terms, the exercise of control power can be carried out through a special state body – the State Control Committeeof Ukraine. This body should consist of two complementary subsystems: a theoretical and methodological one and a functional one.The theoretical and methodological center of the State Control Committee should provide theoretical and methodological justificationof forms, methods, ways and techniques of state control, and the functional center should provide direct state control practice throughits structural units all over the country.The principles of organization and activities of such a control institution are proposed. The Constitution of Ukraine and a speciallaw should be its legal basis, and its independence should be ensured by elective staffing, collegiality, political neutrality, publicity andtransparency of its activities, adequate material support.Control, based on the principle of a separate independent branch of government, is able to safeguard any nation-wide interests asa separate means, and this will contribute to the rule of law and order in our society.
Climate monitoring in the Mediterranean Coast Network 2020: Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area
Authors: Tercek Michael
Published: September 2022

This report details the climate (temperature, precipitation, drought, and streamflow) of Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (NRA) during 2020. Gridded GIS maps are used to present broad-brush conditions across the region for each month. This regional presentation is compared to detailed data from Remote Automated Weather Stations (RAWS), weather stations in Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN), and data from USGS stream gages. Prior to analysis, a set of data quality control checks were performed by the authors in accordance with an established National Park Service protocol (Rocky Mountain Climate Working Group 2010). Key points summarizing calendar year 2020 are presented as bullets in the Conclusion section at the end of the report. There was significant spatial and month to month variability in the data that provided exceptions to these generalizations, so an examination of the regional maps is key to understanding the climatic patterns for 2020. Readers can download the data used in this report and make custom climate graphs and tables of their own by visiting www.ClimateAnalyzer.org.
Persepsi Perempuan Mengenai Persalinan (Studi Deskriptif Mengenai Pandangan Perempuan pada Persalinan, dan Kekhawatirannya)
Authors: Irianti Bayu , Hartiningtiyaswati Setiya
Published: September 2022

Persalinan merupakan proses fisiologis yang dialami oleh setiap perempuan di akhir masa kehamilannya. Selama proses persalinan berlangsung banyak ketidaknyamana yang dialami oleh seorang perempuan yang mengakibatkan timbulnya kecemasan dan menyebabkan perbedaan persepsi perempuan terhadap persalinan. Nyeri serta luka persalinan menyebabkan perempuan merasa takut untuk bersalin secara normal yang menyebabkan kejadian section secarea meningkat 5-15% di dunia, dan angka section di Indonesia pada tahun 2013 tercatat 9,8 % pada persalinan normal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan gambaran mengenai persepsi perempuan pada persalinan dan kekhawatiran yang dimiliki pada masa persalinan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif untuk melihat frekwensi kekhawatiran dan persepsi perempuan pada persalinan. Data diolah menggunakan distribusi frekwensi dan disajikan dalam data persentase.hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa responden melingkupi perempuan dengan rentang usia 20-35 tahun (89.72%), dengan tingkat pendidikan lebih dari setengahnya perguruan tinggi (66.83%), dan hampir setengahnya tidak bekerja (45.76). status ekonomi responden sebagian besar berpenghasilan 2.5 juta-10 juta dengan suku terbanyak adalah jawa dan sunda. Sebagian besar responden (77.36%) telah menikah dan sebagian besar pernah mengalami proses persalinan (88.70%). Dari 122 responden yang belum pernah mengalami persalinan, 85,25% memiliki kecemasan terhadap persalinan, 66.39% memiliki rasa takut terhadap persalinan dan 78,69% merasa khawatir menghadapi persalinan. Data deskriptif pada penelitian ini dapat menjadi data dasar asuhan yang dapat dilakukan oleh bidan terkait pemberian informasi, KIE maupun asuhan persalinan, sehingga dapat menurunkan kecemasan pada persalinan dan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri perempuan dalam menghadapi proses persalinan
Hubungan Stres Kerja Dengan Kinerja Petugas Rekam Medis di Rumah Sakit Sumber Kasih Kota Cirebon Tahun 2022
Authors: Elfi Elfi , Lestari Aura Dwi
Published: September 2022

Pelayanan yang diselenggarakan oleh unit rekam medis merupakan kegiatan rutin yang harus dilakukan secara sungguh-sungguh dengan tingkat kecepatan, ketepatan, dan ketelitian yang tinggi. Data rekam medis yang tidak lengkap akan berdampak buruk terhadap kinerja petugas. Kinerja karyawan dapat dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah stres kerja. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan, pada bagian pendaftaran masih terdapat kendala kekurangan petugas dan tuntutan kerja yang meningkat jika ada yang berhalangan hadir. Menurut beberapa penelitian sebelumnya tuntutan kerja atau tugas yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan stres kerja, dimana stres kerja yang dialami juga dapat mempengaruhi kinerjanya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan stres kerja dengan kinerja petugas rekam medis di Rumah Sakit Sumber Kasih Cirebon.  Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 32 Petugas Rekam Medis di Rumah Sakit Sumber Kasih yang dipilih dengan cara total sampling, Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Didapatkan sebagian besar petugas rekam medis mengalami stress kerja dengan persentase 78,1% dan sebagian besar petugas rekam medis berkinerja baik dengan persentase 84,4%. Dari uji Chi-Square dapat diketahui p-value sebesar 1,000 > 0,05. Stres kerja tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kinerja petugas petugas rekam medis di Rumah Sakit Sumber Kasih. Rumah sakit khususnya Koordinator Rekam Medis untuk lebih meningkatkan upaya terkait dukungan pada karyawan saat bekerja agar kinerja karyawan tetap pada kondisi baik.