bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the social identity of adolescents with deviant behavior
Authors: Isaakian Oksana , Lukyanenko Marina
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The difficultly predictable socio-economic and socio-moral difficulties of modern society at the stage in the development of our society have exacerbated the problem of upbringing and formation of adolescents, which negatively affects the process of their adaptation and socialization. This issue is addressed at different levels: legal, medical, psychological, social. Theoretical justification In adolescence, identity goes through a phase of formation, being in the zone of proximal mental development. Identity and identification are important characteristics of self-awareness. Timely identification of identification disorders makes it possible to detect deviations in the formation of identity in adolescents, which is extremely important both for diagnosing the personality of adolescents with deviant behavior and for their correction. Results. The problem of the formation of the social identity of adolescents with deviant behavior puts before the authors of the article the need to search for directed and indirect technologies for working with adolescents, taking into account the characteristics of their personality. The authors proved the difference in the social identity of adolescents with normalized behavior and adolescents with deviant behavior and identified the features of the social identity of adolescents with deviant behavior, having received a qualitative assessment after using diagnostic methods and analysis of the data obtained. The discussion of the results. The analysis of psychological and pedagogical technologies for the formation of the social identity of adolescents with deviant behavior has shown the possibility of using patterns of successful, socially approved behavior for various aspects of adolescent life.
Unformed lateralization of the brain hemispheres regarded as a neuropsychological feature of primary school children
Authors: Lukyanova Inna , Sigida Evgeniy , Utenkova Svetlana , Dmitrieva Svetlana , Chibrikova Maria
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to identify the neuropsychological features of primary school children (unformed lateralization of the brain hemispheres) that substantiate the necessity for changes in the organization of their learning process. The data of the research demonstrated the need to classify children of primary school age in accordance with the characteristics of their perception and the type of thinking. In the system of interactions between the brain hemispheres, signal systems and the type of thoughts, 7-8 year old pupils displayed the priority of reflecting the world through the first-signal system, stimulating the dominance of the activity of the right hemisphere, which determines the dominance of visual thinking. Children who are from 9 to 10 years old are characterized by the reflection through a second-signal system, a shift of the brain lateralization to the left hemisphere, and the development of abstract thinking. The results described above suggest that only at the age of 9-10, modern primary school children are ready to learn within the existing educational system; 7-8-year-old children are much worse at perceiving information transmitted through the words and are not ready for a learning pattern based on the use of abstract thinking; forced switching of children of this group from the right-hemisphere lateralization of the brain to the left-hemisphere leads to a state of hemispheric dysfunction and, as a result, to neurotic disorders. The education of primary school children must be approached in a differentiated way. The education system of 7-8 year old pupils, whose thinking needs to complete the development of visual thinking (not to leave the process incomplete) and to proceed to the formation of a second-signal system with the dominance of the left hemisphere, which determines the transition to abstract thinking, needs to be rebuilt by excluding the factors that traumatize neuro-physiological structures from it.
Peculiarities of gender identity of deviant adolescents
Authors: Belinskaya Daria , Goncharova Elizaveta
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the formation and manifestation of gender identity in deviant adolescents. The authors analyzed the works devoted to the psychological development of adolescents, taking into account the acceptance or rejection of existing social roles. Special attention is paid to deviant behavior, which partly influences the formation of a person's identity. The authors conducted a study to identify the tendency towards victim behavior in adolescents and correlated them with the data obtained on the definition of character accentuation in students of a regular school and a boarding school. The results of the study confirmed the fact that adolescents with deviant behavior have specific characteristics that make their relationships with their peers and with adults especially difficult. The formation of the gender culture of adolescents takes place on the basis of physical, cognitive development in their relationship with peers and parents, taking into account their psycho-emotional state during puberty.
Psychological time as a predictor of economic mind: Evidence from Russia and Japan
Authors: Zabelina Ekaterina , Deyneka Olga , Yagnakova Elvina
Published: December 2020

Today, in the conditions of virtual space, a huge flow of information, accelerating subjective time are taking place in everyday life including the economic sphere. Economic mind in the context of globalization reflects the phenomena and relationships in the economic sphere that exist not only in the real market, but also in the virtual world of goods and services. In this regard, the scientific interest is the question of how ideas about time change in the global society, and what role they play in the shaping of the economic mind of an individual. The purpose of the study is to determine what characteristics of psychological time predict the features of the economic mind of young people in Russia and Japan. In the study (N=540), a more systematic determination of the economic mind of the Japanese was revealed, including not only orientation toward the future, but also taking into account past experience, as well as feelings in the present. In the formation of economic attitudes, Russian students are more oriented toward their future. The affective component of psychological time makes a greater contribution to the shaping of economic attitudes (the value of independent economic achievements, activity in the banking sector, etc.) of the Russian students, and the cognitive component - for Japanese students. This fact indicates a less serious relation to economic realities of the students in Russia compared to the Japanese.
Characteristic features of the life-meaning and value orientations of sales department employees during the transformation of professional activity
Authors: Kruteleva Liudmila , Kara Zhanna
Published: December 2020

The current threat of the COVID-19 pandemic has crucially changed the familiar life and caused the shift in all spheres including the professional one. Ambiguity of the nearest future and anxiety about oneself health have shifted the sphere of trade into online format. The purpose of the research was to study correlations between life-meaning and value orientations and professional motivation, and ambiguity tolerance of sales department employees. The theoretical grounds of the research are the concepts of meaning-value sphere and life-meaning orientations (Abakumova I.V., Baumeister R.F., Kruteleva L.J., Leontiev D.A., Rokeach M., Yanitskiy M.S., Seryy A.V., Schwartz S.H., etc.); professional motivation (Abakumova I.V., Barabanshchikova V.V., Ivanova S.A., Klimova O.A., etc.) and ambiguity tolerance (Asmolov A.G., Shekter E.D., Chernorizov A.M., etc.). The sample comprised 49 sales department employees aged 22 to 49 with the professional experience from 1 to 9 years. The empirical research includes the following techniques (adapted into Russian): Purpose-in-Life Test, Rokeach Value Survey, Career Anchors, Work Motivation Inventory, and Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale-I. The results indicate the life-meaning orientations and the general level of life meaningfulness do not correlate to ambiguity tolerance. Values of private life help to cope with the changing circumstances. The forced transformation of the professional activity frustrates respondents to achieve professional self-realization, facilitates the sales department employees to promote new products and services.
Potential of synergistic didactics in social and humanitarian knowledge
Authors: Eroshenko Tatyana , Melnik Anastasia , Titova Ekaterina , Zhukovskaya Tatyana
Published: December 2020

The article raises the problem of forming a new didactics on the methodological basis of synergetics. The new didactics should reflect the cognitive features of the perception of the modern generation, the features of socialization of modern youth. The authors reveal the difference between the new didactics and the old, classical didactics. The methodological and methodological basis of the new didactics is the gnoseological tools of modern post-non-classical science. The sociology course program is considered as a practice of implementing the new didactics, which is one of the central courses in the concept of social and humanitarian knowledge in higher education institutions. Our task is to look for the possibilities of this new didactics based on the conceptual directions of the post-non-classical paradigm. Synergetics as a methodology that actually functions in scientific and educational practice can be divided into two branches: formal synergetics and metaphorical.
Psychological resources of management of pedagogical education at the university in the context of global changes
Authors: Rogov Evgeny , Rogova Evgenia
Published: December 2020

The article covers the problem of searching for psychological reserves for finding managerial mechanisms to accelerate the transformation of the national university educational system. There is a decrease in the population's assessment of ongoing reforms, which is partially caused by the lack of teachers’ activity to work out an adequate concept of development, the loss of the very meaning of university education, its substitution by different values, and, most importantly, the lag of universities in the transfer of modern knowledge. It is obvious that all developed educational technologies are aimed at accelerating of one of the slowest learning processes in education. One of the ways to reduce learning time is related to the digitalization of education, which theoretically tends to zero thanks to the introduction of microchips that connect the human mind with the computer. However, there are technologies of knowledge transfer that do not form professionals, who, in addition, must have certain competencies, experience and personal qualities. In the context of searching for effective ways to develop pedagogical education, attention is drawn to the study of the results of increasing its species diversity, as well as the integration of its main types - formal, non-formal and informal. Besides, it is important to change the position of the student outlining ways to prepare the educational elite, the main difference, the specificity of which is its universality. This can be achieved by creating a new geographically closed space, a new innovative environment, the beginnings of which began to manifest in the situation of the pandemic: an intellectual civilization aimed to provide conditions for the symbiosis of population, scientific knowledge and production. Further development of pedagogical knowledge in a high-tech society is impossible without integration with science. The growth of the scientific component, the active introduction of scientific methods forms the ability to foresee and predict the future, thereby turning pedagogical universities into an innovative information and educational environment.
Manifestations of the viability (resilience) of parents raising children with disabilities
Authors: Tkach Elena , Mendoza Ortega Еlisa Nazareth
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of an empirical study of the viability, hardiness and life satisfaction index of parents raising children with disabilities in Khabarovsk city, Russian Federation. According to the results of the study, parents who raise children with disabilities show deteriorated performance on all tests. As a result of the analysis on the viability tests and the “life satisfaction index”, statistically significant differences were revealed between the two groups of the sample; on the hardiness test, such differences were shown only on one of the scales. It was found that viability for parents of children with disabilities is not a full resource. The study confirmed the key role of the indicator “meaningfulness of life” as a “vertical” factor of viability. According to the data obtained using the “Life satisfaction index” test, the most powerful influence on the value of the life satisfaction index of parents raising children with disabilities is provided by indicators of consistency between goals set and achieved and the general mood background. In addition, these indicators also strongly correlate with each other. The results of the study showed that both groups of parents who participated in the study demonstrated sufficient ability to withstand a stressful situation. Parents raising children with disabilities have a low value of the indicator “control” as an emotional and volitional element of the scale.
Challenges of typyfing nominal infinitive sentences in modern Russian
Authors: Gerasimenko Natalia
Published: December 2020

The present paper investigates nominal infinitive sentences in terms of their grammatical parsing. For this purpose, a structural-semantic method was applied. When performing structural analysis of a sentence, students often experience certain difficulties trying to distinguish its subject and predicate. The purpose of this work is to manage the challenges of defining subject and predicate in a sentence when learning Russian in school or university. Specifics of using an infinitive as a subject is substantiated; semantic groups of nouns that get in connection with infinitives are described. It was defined that in nominal infinitive sentences, the infinitive acts as a subject, while the noun performs a function of the main component of a copulative-nominative predicate. In most cases, an adjective relating to a noun that acts as a predicate is considered a part of that predicate. Nominal infinitive sentences have a limited group of special copulas functioning.
Translation of crisis banking term system from English into Russian
Authors: Zhirova Irina , Lukin Dmitriy , Guseinova Maria , Dmitrieva Olga
Published: December 2020

The article presents the consideration of the issues of semantics and pragmatics of crisis banking term system and its translation from English into Russian. The study of crisis banking term system is instigated due to the lack of linguistic works on the comparative analysis of semantic and pragmatic features of the crisis banking vocabulary presented in English and Russian. It has been established that the financial and economic crisis largely predetermined the formation of new terminological units that significantly supplemented the banking term systems of the English and Russian languages. It has been revealed that most of the new terms refer to the newly introduced anti-crisis vocabulary, along with lexemes that denote financial banking technologies aimed at improving the services provided by banks. Moreover, it has been particularly noted that the considerable part of the newly formed terms is obtained as a result of violation of the language norm of the English language, with consequent changes of the meaning, which is observed in the process of translation of the term into Russian. The article provides examples of the "shifts of meanings" in the English and Russian languages that are analyzed and explained. According to the results of the study, it could be stated that, in both English and Russian terminological units, there is a semantic unity, since the lexemic parts of the terminological phrases of the English language are semantically accurately translated into the Russian language.
Realization of the text category of modality in Germanic languages (as exemplified in German and English stories)
Authors: Belyaeva Irina , Bondarenko Irina , Elistratova Irina , Zakarova Maria
Published: December 2020

In this article the authors studied how the TEXT CATEGORY OF MODALITY can be expressed by grammatical and lexical language features possessed by Germanic branch of Indo-European language family. As a subject of study we chose two primary languages in this group - English and German - functioning in short stories. Through the method of segmental text analysis as well as statistical method conducted on English and German short stories it has been discovered that despite some frequency characteristics’ differences in the text category of modality in English and German, both languages, however, have estimately the same number of features for the formation of modal architectonics in the literary text which is explained by the fact that both languages used for the study belong to the same language group. This article confirms the authors’ theory about common and invariant characteristics of the text modality expressed in the stories being formed under the influence of the text’s genre types - specifically having two narrative systems: author’s plan and characters’ plan. Specific aspects of the modality pictures discovered during this study are shown in the summary tables.
Terminological nomination in modern fields of knowledge
Authors: Valujtseva Irina , Ivanova Olga , Khukhuni Ilya , Fedosova Anna
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to consider the features of the terminological nomination using the example of multiword terms of the English sublanguage of oil and gas processing. The oil and gas glossary Kashagan Development Project Glossary that comprises 1200 units has been used as the research material. Multiword terms have been selected with the application of the continuous sampling method. As a result of the employment of the method of linguistic statistics, it was discovered that, in the sub-language of oil and gas processing, the multiword terms constitute 73% of the entire termbase of the subject area. The structural analysis of terminological phrases demonstrated that the most common type of multiword terms is the two-word terms, comprising 45.2% of the total number of poly-lexemic constructions in the studied sample. This result is consistent with the data obtained by other authors, namely, the information concerning the fact that two-word combinations prevail in various term systems. As the number of components in a multiword term increases, the number of such word combinations in a scientific text decreases. The most common patterns of two-word terminological combinations are N + N and A + N. Three-word terms compose 40% of the total number of the studied terminological phrases. The following patterns of three-word terms are productive: N + N + N and A + N + N. Four-word terminological phrases constitute 12.3%. The most frequently used pattern of four-word combinations is N + N + N + N. Five-word terms comprise 2.4% of the total number of terms. The most common patterns of five-word terms are N + N + A + N + N and A + N + N + N.
Innovative process of education: non-finite verbal paradigm development as a proof of the English language pidginization
Authors: Sokolova Alina , Fedurko Julia
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the question of whether English was subject to pidginization or not. Different points of view are presented but to answer the question definitely is not possible since there are no specific criteria to define a language as a contact one. However, the necessary external conditions for pidginization actually existed in the history of the English language, and a mechanism similar to the mechanism of the creolization process took place. This conclusion can be proved by the analysis of different elements of the English grammar. This article presents the results of the comparative diachronic research of non-finite verbal paradigm in the English language.
Innovative potential of "digital methodology" in the training of personnel of nuclear industry enterprises
Authors: Filatova Oksana , Khoroshavina Galina , Gordeev Maksim , Chibirev Sergey , Pozdnyakov Vladimir
Published: December 2020

The article considers the first stage of designing diversification of professional retraining programs for employees of the nuclear industry in the conditions of digital transformation of the industry. The article justifies the new digital approaches to personnel training. At the project development stage, the general methodological foundations of digital disciplines in knowledge production were established in the form of a "digital methodology," the core of which is the knowledge paradigm of technoscience. The potential of "digital methodology" leads to the development of the mental, social, organizational resources of workers. The worldview platform of the project made it possible to formulate guidelines for the formation of competencies in the diversification of the professional retraining program: the development of critical and analytical thinking, technological literacy, personal growth, communicative initiative, and social responsibility. The authors note that the recognition of the methodological reflection of digital technologies is presented in the publications of researchers in various scientific fields, while the practice of foreign research is more advanced in the development of a quantitative assessment of qualitative indicators, and the domestic tradition is focused on the cognitive aspect of digitalization. But the convergence of approaches is manifested in the diversity of digital learning practices.
Impact of social media on tourism education
Authors: Waramontri Rojanard
Published: December 2020

The essence of social media is growing rapidly in the tourism industry. More and more researchers are working on investigations in the areas of the impact of social media on many aspects of the tourism industry. Social media plays a significant role to develop strategy for tourism management. Therefore, this research based on the knowledge to support education in tourism management. The main objective of the paper is 1. To investigate the relationship between social media and tourism. 2. To examine the positive and negative impact of social media in tourism industry. Through a comprehensive literature review, this paper identifies information search and decision-making behaviors which is relevant to social media in tourism, and recommends the best use of social media for tourism.
Technological initiative for the "roadmap” implementation for the bachelors-designers’ creative development in art
Authors: Zakharova Natalia , Vlasova Irina
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the possibilities of the pedagogical technologies’ initiative for the creative development of bachelors-designers, the use of the roadmap for the students’ creative potential realization, the possibilities of self-development and self-realization in artistic activity, the process of personality development on a personality-oriented basis, taking into account the formation of the students’ inner world, their motivation and system value relationships, educating and developing the artistic activity’s possibilities. The artistic activity’s functions in the learning process, art as a product of this activity are determined. The conditions for the internal spiritual transformation and harmonization of the student in the creative development context in the artistic activity process are discussed.
Innovative approaches to the formation of future specialists’ professional competencies in summer educational practices course
Authors: Khoronko Lubov , Mokina Anna
Published: December 2020

The article examines the issues of pedagogical science through a modern approach, the search for new forms and practices of teaching. The current issue of forming future specialists’ professional competencies, namely, in the field of art and additional art education, is shown in the article through the organization of the educational environment during summer practices and schools. The task is to trace how much the effectiveness of future specialists depends on the construction of educational practice programs using interactive and interdisciplinary forms of training. As successful factors in this process of training future specialists in the field of art and additional art education, such forms as a master class and a web quest are considered, as well as the principle of a harmonious set of theoretical and practical materials used, including the process of independent work of a student. The article deals with the issue of interactive communication through a master class, which also develops the ability of professional communication of students. The use of the teacher-student dialogue in an extracurricular format, the use of interactive, multimedia and visual technologies, as well as setting tasks for independent work contributes to more effective development of professional skills and their application in the real conditions of future career guidance.
A systematic approach to the formation of general professional competencies during the specialists’ training in the field of aquaculture
Authors: Neydorf Anna , Egorova Elena
Published: December 2020

Basing on the assumption that the basic foundations of the natural science knowledge which should be developed in the process of mastering the disciplines of the educational program should be laid for the successful formation of General professional and universal competencies of future specialists in the field of aquaculture, the research goal was chosen: to study the degree of formation of the natural science knowledge among students of the specialty "Water bioresources and aquaculture”. In the written survey took part future specialists in the field of aquaculture of the first year of study (N0=60) and fourth-year students (N1=38). For statistical assessment of the results were used Fisher's φ-test and Student's t-test (p ≤ 0.01). The results showed that there were no significant differences between basic knowledge in the field of natural Sciences for the 1st-yaer and 4th-year students. The significant differences were identified in students' definition of the difference between natural science and parascientific fields of knowledge, but the best result was shown by 1st-year students. It can be concluded that pedagogical technologies used for the formation of General professional and universal competencies need to be modernized, and further research and development of new methodological approaches to teaching disciplines related to basic natural science knowledge will be promising.
Challenges and prospects of practical-oriented training in the sectors of tourism and hospitality
Authors: Zainullina Tatiana , Kedrova Irina
Published: December 2020

The article studies the development of practical-oriented education as an integral part of the educational process for students in the field of tourism and hospitality. The main challenges faced by experience-based education are highlighted and solutions are proposed. In particular, the difficulties associated with the organization of various types of practices, the lack of a rating of universities in the field of tourism and hospitality in Russia are considered. The ranking of foreign educational institutions was an example. Practical developments are also presented, which made it possible to combine the efforts of educational organizations and employers in the development of practical-oriented education.
Professional competencies formation in the field of aesthetic artwork evaluation
Authors: Vlasova Irina , Ushanyova Yulia , Pisarenko Sergey
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is a brief description of the author’s method for solving the problem of professional competencies formation for students studying in art and adjoining specialties related to the ability to carry out aesthetic evaluation of artworks and independently conduct educating and educational activities. This problem is particularly relevant in modern conditions, which are characterized by high transmission speeds of a large amount of visual information. The methodology is based on a system of forming professional tools for students to conduct analytical work in the field of aesthetic evaluation of artworks. The development of this methodology was carried out in accordance with modern didactic principles, such as the principles of science, the relationship between theory and practice, as well as the principle of visibility. These principles were transmitted at various levels of the educational process organization. To collect information, we used such methods as analyzing literary sources on the research problem, conducting surveys of students and teachers, and analyzing modern resources for storing and distributing images, namely, author’s works of art. The educational technologies described in the article can be applied in the process of training specialists in the field of architecture, all types of visual design, painting, graphics, sculpture, as well as specialists in the field of art and correctional pedagogy, art therapy.
Experience in teaching biological statistics
Authors: Kozlov Grigorii , Pushkarev Mikhail
Published: December 2020

The work summarizes the many years of experience in teaching the discipline “Biological statistics” to students - biotechnologists of the St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (technical university). The paper provides data on the features of teaching the course and its relationship with other disciplines of the curriculum, topics of coursework performed by students, publication activity of students, integration of educational research work of students with topics of the university and industrial partners of the university, as well as attracting students to the development of the discipline.
Laser welding-brazing of alumina to 304 stainless steel with an Ag-based filler material
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chen YanKun , Zhou JianPing , Sun DaQian , Li HongMei
Published: December 2020

In this paper, laser welding-brazing of 304 stainless steel (SS) and Al2O3 ceramic dissimilar metal material was carried out. The results showed that the SS and Al2O3 were joined by melting filler metal when the laser was focused on the SS side of the joint. One process was one pass welding involving creation of a joint with one fusion weld and one brazed weld separated by remaining unmelted SS. When laser beam was focused on the SS plate 1.5 mm, SS would not be completely melted in joint. Through heat conduction, the filler metal (68.8 wt.% Ag, 26.7 wt.% Cu, 4.5 wt.% Ti) melting occurred at the SS-Al2O3 ceramic interface. A brazed weld was formed at the SS-Al2O3 ceramic interface with the main microstructure of Cu[s.s.] + Ag[s.s.], Ti2Cu + TiFe and Ag + AlCu2Ti. The joint fractured in reaction layer at the ceramic side with the maximum tensile strength of 74 MPa.
Biomechanische Besonderheiten der Hamstrings und Strategien zur Verletzungsprävention
Authors: Ertelt Thomas , Büsch Dirk , Gronwald Thomas
Published: December 2020

Verletzungen der ischiokruralen Muskulatur sind ein immer wiederkehrendes Thema im Sport. Sie sind schmerzhaft, häufig und bremsen die Karriere. Man kann daher nicht oft genug darüber schreiben, denn je mehr man darüber weiß, umso besser kann man damit umgehen – und das Risiko für solche Verletzungen vermindern.
Higher order difference numerical analyses of a 2D Poisson equation by the interpolation finite difference method and calculation error evaluation
Authors: Fukuchi Tsugio
Published: December 2020

In a previous paper, a calculation system for a high-accuracy, high-speed calculation of a one-dimensional (1D) Poisson equation based on the interpolation finite difference method was shown. Spatial high-order finite difference (FD) schemes, including a usual second-order accurate centered space FD scheme, are instantaneously derived on the equally spaced/unequally spaced grid points based on the definition of the Lagrange polynomial function. The upper limit of the higher order FD scheme is not theoretically limited but is studied up to the tenth order, following the previous paper. In the numerical analyses of the 1D Poisson equation published in the previous paper, the FD scheme setting method, SAPI (m), m = 2, 4, …, 10, was defined. Due to specifying the value of m, the setting of FD schemes is uniquely defined. This concept is extended to the numerical analysis of two-dimensional Poisson equations. In this paper, we focus on Poiseuille flows passing through arbitrary cross sections as numerical calculation examples. Over regular and irregular domains, three types of FD methods—(i) forward time explicit method, (ii) time marching successive displacement method, and (iii) alternative direction implicit method—are formulated, and their characteristics of convergence and numerical calculation errors are investigated. The numerical calculation system of the 2D Poisson equation formulated in this paper enables high-accuracy and high-speed calculation by the high-order difference in an arbitrary domain. Especially in the alternative direction implicit method using the band diagonal matrix algorithm, convergence is remarkably accelerated, and high-speed calculation becomes possible.
Artificial neural networks for predicting charge transfer coupling
Authors: Wang Chun-I , Joanito Ignasius , Lan Chang-Feng , Hsu Chao-Ping
Published: December 2020

Quantum chemistry calculations have been very useful in providing many key detailed properties and enhancing our understanding of molecular systems. However, such calculation, especially with ab initio models, can be time-consuming. For example, in the prediction of charge-transfer properties, it is often necessary to work with an ensemble of different thermally populated structures. A possible alternative to such calculations is to use a machine-learning based approach. In this work, we show that the general prediction of electronic coupling, a property that is very sensitive to intermolecular degrees of freedom, can be obtained with artificial neural networks, with improved performance as compared to the popular kernel ridge regression method. We propose strategies for optimizing the learning rate and batch size, improving model performance, and further evaluating models to ensure that the physical signatures of charge-transfer coupling are well reproduced. We also address the effect of feature representation as well as statistical insights obtained from the loss function and the data structure. Our results pave the way for designing a general strategy for training such neural-network models for accurate prediction.
Scale dependence of thermal hardening of fcc metals under shock loading
Authors: Yao Songlin , Pei Xiaoyang , Yu Jidong , Wu Qiang
Published: December 2020

A dislocation-based constitutive model is applied to revisit the anomalous thermal hardening behavior of fcc metals under shock loading. Two scale-dependent dislocation motion mechanisms are found to dominate the thermal hardening behavior of fcc metals under shock loading. In particular, because of the shear stress decay with the propagation of the shock wave, the relativistic effect of dislocation motion is only significant near the impact surface, whereas the phonon drag mechanism dominates dislocation motion in a macroscopic fcc metal. Furthermore, we provide a detailed picture of the thermal hardening behavior on the continuum scale, in which the role of the newly generated stress wave from plastic deformation in the dynamic deformation process is highlighted. We show that the mechanical response at the elastic precursor is mainly controlled by the stress wave emanating from the plastic front.
Computational analysis of hydrodynamic interactions in a high-density fish school
Authors: Pan Yu , Dong Haibo
Published: December 2020

Numerical simulations are employed to study hydrodynamic interactions between two-dimensional fish-like bodies under a traveling wavy lateral motion in high-density diamond-shaped fish schools. This study focuses on two different streamwise spacings, a dense school with 0.4 body length (BL) spacing and a sparse school with 2.0 BL spacing, respectively. An immersed-boundary-method-based incompressible Navier–Strokes flow solver is then employed to quantitatively simulate the resulting flow patterns and associated propulsive performance of the schools. The results suggest that a fish in the dense school achieves higher thrust production and higher propulsive efficiency than that in the sparse school due to a strong wall effect from neighboring fishes. In addition, results from changing the lateral spacing in the dense school have shown that the wall effect is enhanced as the lateral spacing decreases. Flow analyses have shown that the wake pattern of the fish swimming diagonally behind the leading fish in a dense diamond-shaped school transfers from 2S to 2P when the lateral spacing is smaller than 0.6 BL. As a result, an angled jet is produced behind the school and brings more momentum downstream. At the same time, the appearance of the trailing fish results in a stronger pressure region behind the leading fish and leads to a higher hydrodynamic performance of the leading fish in the dense school. The insights revealed from this study will contribute to understanding physical mechanisms in fish schools and providing a new swimming strategy for bio-inspired underwater swarm robots.
Controlling the relaxation mechanism of low strain Si1−xGex/Si(001) layers and reducing the threading dislocation density by providing a preexisting dislocation source
Authors: Becker L. , Storck P. , Schulz T. , Zoellner M. H. , Di Gaspare L. , Rovaris F. , Marzegalli A. , Montalenti F. , De Seta M. , Capellini G. , Schwalb G. , Schroeder T. , Albrecht M.
Published: December 2020

Strain relaxed Si1−xGex buffer layers on Si(001) can be used as virtual substrates for the growth of both strained Si and strained SiGe, which are suitable materials for sub-7 nm CMOS devices due to their enhanced carrier mobility. For industrial applications, the threading dislocation density (TDD) has to be as low as possible. However, a reduction of the TDD is limited by the balance between dislocation glide and nucleation as well as dislocation blocking. The relaxation mechanism of low strain Si0.98Ge0.02 layers on commercial substrates is compared to substrates with a predeposited SiGe backside layer, which provides threading dislocations at the edge of the wafer. It is shown that by the exploitation of this reservoir, the critical thickness for plastic relaxation is reduced and the formation of misfit dislocation bundles can be prevented. Instead, upon reaching the critical thickness, these preexisting dislocations simultaneously glide unhindered from the edge of the wafer toward the center. The resulting dislocation network is free of thick dislocation bundles that cause pileups, and the TDD can be reduced by one order of magnitude.
Coexpressed subunits of dual genetic origin define a conserved supercomplex mediating essential protein import into chloroplasts
Authors: Ramundo Silvia , Asakura Yukari , Salomé Patrice A. , Strenkert Daniela , Boone Morgane , Mackinder Luke C. M. , Takafuji Kazuaki , Dinc Emine , Rahire Michèle , Crèvecoeur Michèle , Magneschi Leonardo , Schaad Olivier , Hippler Michael , Jonikas Martin C. , Merchant Sabeeha , Nakai Masato , Rochaix Jean-David , Walter Peter
Published: December 2020

Significance

Chloroplasts are of vital importance in photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. Like mitochondria, they contain their own genomes. Nevertheless, most chloroplast proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, translated in the cytosol, and must cross the chloroplast envelope membranes to reach their proper destinations inside the organelle. Despite its fundamental role, our knowledge of the machinery catalyzing chloroplast protein import is incomplete and controversial. Here, we address the evolutionary conservation, composition, and function of the chloroplast protein import machinery using the green alga
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
as a model system. Our findings help clarify the current debate regarding the composition of the chloroplast protein import machinery, provide evidence for cross-compartmental coordination of its biogenesis, and open promising avenues for its structural characterization.
Observation of spontaneous ferromagnetism in a two-dimensional electron system
Authors: Hossain M. S. , Ma M. K. , Rosales K. A. Villegas , Chung Y. J. , Pfeiffer L. N. , West K. W. , Baldwin K. W. , Shayegan M.
Published: December 2020

Significance

Ground states of low-disorder, interacting, dilute electron systems are of fundamental interest in understanding electron–electron interaction phenomena. Our experimental data on a clean two-dimensional electron system reveal a sequence of transitions as the density is lowered. Starting from high densities, we observe a transition from a metallic state to an exotic insulating phase that is stabilized by disorder and interaction. As we further lower the density, we observe signs of a spontaneous transition to a ferromagnetic ground state and then to a strongly insulating state whose characteristics suggest that it is a pinned solid phase, possibly a (ferromagnetic) Wigner solid. We also find that the onset of ferromagnetism can be controlled by tuning the electrons’ valley degree of freedom.
Discretion
Authors: Jin Ying , Tay Dennis
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the functions of Chinese final particleouin both TCU-final and non-TCU-final positions in medical advice-giving. Using Praat, we differentiated phonologically marked and unmarkedouand analyzed their functions in both doctor and patient speech. The findings suggest a difference in participants’ use ofou: while non-TCU-finalouoccurs mainly in the patient speech to mark newsworthiness and call for the doctor’s attention, TCU-final ou occurs in both the doctor and the patient speech serving various functions. Most importantly, the paper provides a new understanding of the various functions ofouas interconnected to each other under its intrinsic discreet quality that facilitates relationship building in the selected conversational activity.
An English academic reading course for Dutch pre-university students
Authors: Groen Loes , Keijzer Merel , Michel Marije , Lowie Wander
Published: December 2020

In this research note we argue that reading lessons for the subject of English in Dutch pre-university education require
adjustments. Currently, these lessons do not prepare students well for university reading. Too often, lessons emphasize searching for
information, the dominant skill to pass the school exit exam. Instead, students would benefit much more from instruction on reading to learn
and critical reading, which are important university skills. Moreover, the expository texts for English classes generally concern school
subjects instead of genuine English content such as linguistics. To address these problems, we are in the process of developing
an academic reading course focussing on linguistic topics to enhance students’ academic readiness, while at the same time adding depth and
content to the subject of English in Dutch pre-university education. An empirical study to evaluate the effectiveness of this course will
follow.
Automated annotation of learner English
Authors: Picoral Adriana , Staples Shelley , Reppen Randi
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the use of natural language processing (NLP) tools and their utility for learner language analyses
through a comparison of automatic linguistic annotation against a gold standard produced by humans. While there are a number of automated
annotation tools for English currently available, little research is available on the accuracy of these tools when annotating learner data.
We compare the performance of three linguistic annotation tools (a tagger and two parsers) on academic writing in English produced by
learners (both L1 and L2 English speakers). We focus on lexico-grammatical patterns, including both phrasal and clausal features, since
these are frequently investigated in applied linguistics studies. Our results report both precision and recall of annotation output for
argumentative texts in English across four L1s: Arabic, Chinese, English, and Korean. We close with a discussion of the benefits and
drawbacks of using automatic tools to annotate learner language.
Analyzing the linguistic complexity of German learner language in a reading comprehension task
Authors: Weiss Zarah , Meurers Detmar
Published: December 2020

While traditionally linguistic complexity analysis of learner language is mostly based on essays, there is increasing interest in other task types. This is crucial for obtaining a broader empirical basis for characterizing language proficiency and highlights the need to advance our understanding of how task and learner properties interact in shaping the linguistic complexity of learner productions. It also makes it important to determine which complexity measures generalize well across which tasks.

In this paper, we investigate the linguistic complexity of answers to reading comprehension questions written by foreign language learners of German at the college level. Analyzing the corpus with computational linguistic methods identifying a wide range of complexity features, we explore which linguistic complexity analyses can successfully be performed for such short answers, how learner proficiency impacts the results, how generalizable they are across different contexts, and how the quality of the underlying analysis impacts the results.
Oscillon preheating in full general relativity
Authors: Kou Xiao-Xiao , Tian Chi , Zhou Shuang-Yong
Published: December 2020

Oscillons are dense nonperturbative objects that may be copiously produced in the preheating period after inflation. Oscillon preheatings are usually simulated with nonlinear matter interactions but in a rigid FLRW background, without taking into account the gravitational backreactions. We investigate the oscillon preheating scenario in full general relativity with a full numerical relativity scheme, and compare the general-relativistic simulations with the traditional ones done in an FLRW background. We find that in certain parameter regions the general-relativistic corrections are significant, producing more and denser oscillons, and can be strong enough to collapse the oscillons to black holes.
Large-eddy simulation of the flow in a fluidic oscillator
Authors: Dauengauer E I , Mullyadzhanov R I
Published: December 2020

Large-eddy simulations are performed to investigate the internal dynamics of a fluidic oscillator over a range of Reynolds numbers Red
= 3000 – 30000. The device represents Φ-shaped configuration providing a strongly unsteady flow due to periodic oscillations based on the Coanda effect. Computational results for a mesh convergence study are presented. The conducted analysis of statistical characteristics of the flow has shown that the flow velocity in the feedback channels increases with an increase in the Reynolds number. The obtained results, such as the frequency of vibrations and the depth of the jet, perfectly match the experimental data.