bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Palliative Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Real-World Evidence Analysis
Authors: Feinberg Bruce , Kish Jonathan , Dokubo Igoni , Wojtynek Jeff , Gajra Ajeet , Lord Kevin
Published: February 2020

Background

In the absence of randomized controlled trials, real-world evidence may aid practitioners in optimizing the selection of therapy for patients with cancer. The study's aim was to determine real-word use, as well as compare effectiveness, of single-agent and combination chemotherapy as palliative treatment for female patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC).

Materials and Methods

Using administrative claims data from the Symphony Health's Integrated Oncology Dataverse, female patients with mBC treated with at least one chemotherapy-only treatment (COT) between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017 were selected. The frequency of use of single-agent versus combination chemotherapy overall and by line of therapy (LOT) was calculated whereas effectiveness was measured using time to next treatment (TNT).

Results

A total of 12,381 patients with mBC were identified, and 3,777 (31%) received at least one line of COT. Of the 5,586 observed LOTs among the 3,777 patients, 66.5% were single-agent and 33.5% combination chemotherapy. Combination chemotherapy was most frequently used in first-line (45%) and least frequently in fifth-line (16%). Across all LOTs, median TNT was significantly longer for single-agent versus combination chemotherapy (5.3 months vs. 4.1 months, p < .0001). Comparison of median TNT by LOT showed significance in third-line and greater but not in first-line or second-line. Among single agents, the median TNT for patients receiving capecitabine was longest in comparison to all other single agents.

Conclusions

The frequency of combination COT use, particularly in first-line, warrants further research given published guideline recommendations. The observed TNT difference favoring single-agent treatment in later lines supports guideline recommendations. Variance between single-agent preference and observed TNT was noteworthy.
Inverse Association of Age with Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in Superficial Colorectal Cancer: A Large Population-Based Study
Authors: Zhang Qing-Wei , Sun Long-Ci , Tang Chao-Tao , Liang Qian , Zhou Yang-Yang , Chen Hui-Min , Gao Yun-Jie , Ge Zhi-Zheng
Published: February 2020

Background

Superficial colorectal cancer (SCRC) is defined as colorectal cancer (CRC) confined to the mucosa or submucosa. Endoscopic resection (ER) is widely used to resect differentiated SCRC from patients without lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, it is unclear whether ER is suitable for use with patients with differentiated early-onset SCRC because early-onset CRC is more aggressive. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between age of CRC onset and LNM.

Materials and Methods

We retrieved data for patients with surgically resected differentiated-type SCRCs from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Rate of LNM was compared among patients aged 18–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥70 years. The association between age and LNM was further examined using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

We retrieved 34,506 records of differentiated SCRCs from the SEER database, including 667 patients aged 18–39 years, 2,385 aged 40–49, 8,075 aged 50–59 years, 9,577 aged 60–69 years, and 13,802 aged ≥70 years. Rates of LNM were 15.74%, 14.13%, 10.67%, 8.07%, and 6.76% for patients aged 18–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥70 years, respectively. We found an inverse correlation between age at diagnosis and risk of LNM from the univariate analysis (p < .001). Compared with patients aged 18–39, the odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) for patients aged 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥70 years were 0.90 (0.71–1.15, p = .376), 0.69 (0.56–0.87, p = .001), 0.54 (0.43–0.68, p < .001), and 0.47 (0.38–0.60, p < .001), respectively.

Conclusion

In differentiated SCRCs, younger age at diagnosis was associated with higher risk of LNM.

Implications for Practice

Endoscopic resection (ER) is widely used to resect differentiated superficial colorectal cancer (SCRC) without lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, no study has ever investigated risk of LNM of early-onset SCRC compared with average onset SCRC to explore whether ER is suitable for early-onset SCRC. To the authors' knowledge, this population-based study is the first study to find inverse correlation between age at diagnosis and risk of LNM in differentiated SCRCs. This finding indicates that ER may not be suitable for young patients with differentiated SCRC. Because the 30-day operative mortality after surgery is higher but the risk of LNM is lower in older patients compared with younger patients, ER for differentiated SCRCs may be advantageous over surgery for older patients.
Rhabdomyosarcoma: An Overview
Authors: Dagher Ramzi , Helman Lee
Published: February 2020

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin thought to arise from cells committed to a skeletal muscle lineage. With approximately 250 cases diagnosed yearly in the United States, it is the third most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood after Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma. Important epidemiologic, biologic, and therapeutic differences have been elucidated within the RMS family. Common sites of primary disease include the head and neck region, genitourinary tract, and extremities. A site-based tumor-nodes-metastasis staging system is being incorporated into use for assessing prognosis and assigning therapy in conjunction with the traditional surgicopathologic clinical grouping system. The development of intensive multimodality treatment protocols tested in large-scale international trials has resulted in significant improvements in outcome, especially for patients with local or locally extensive disease for whom a 60%-70% disease-free survival can be expected. Despite aggressive approaches incorporating surgery, dose-intensive combination chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the outcome for patients with metastatic disease remains poor. Future challenges include the development of less toxic therapy for patients with localized disease and new approaches for patients with metastatic disease.
Surgical Management of Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Reed Carolyn E.
Published: February 2020

Surgical management of esophageal carcinoma is reviewed. The anatomy and biology are briefly mentioned, since these factors mitigate against the success of surgery. Staging, the key to proper treatment allocation and prognosis, is discussed, including the use of endoscopic ultrasonography, positron emission tomography, and thoracoscopy/laparoscopy. Patient selection and preparation for surgery are important considerations. Surgical techniques are then discussed, as are the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches, the morbidity of surgical resection, survival, and quality-of-life issues. Adjuvant treatment strategies (preoperative radiation, induction chemotherapy, induction chemoradiotherapy, and postoperative treatment) are summarized.
Defining the Emetogenicity of Cancer Chemotherapy Regimens: Relevance to Clinical Practice
Authors: Hesketh Paul J.
Published: February 2020

Significant progress has been made in recent years in developing more effective and better tolerated means to prevent nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy. The most significant development has been the introduction of a new class of antiemetic agents, the selective antagonists of the type 3 serotonin receptor. With the new antiemetic therapeutic options and their attendant higher costs has come a need to define evidence-based guidelines to assist in their judicious and cost-effective use. A number of predictive factors for antiemetic risk have been defined. Some of these factors relate to the patient population (age, gender, history of ethanol consumption, and prior experience with chemotherapy), and some relate to the treatments administered. Clearly, the most important of all these factors in predicting risk of emesis is the intrinsic emetogenicity of the chemotherapy. Although an “ideal” emetogenic classification schema for chemotherapy has yet to be realized, recent developments in this area have allowed a more precise estimation of emetogenic risks and have provided antiemetic guideline groups with a useful foundation on which to base their treatment recommendations.
Surgical Treatment and Other Regional Treatments for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
Authors: Yoon Sam S. , Tanabe Kenneth K.
Published: February 2020

The liver is the most common site of distant metastasis from colorectal cancer. About one-fourth of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer have no other sites of metastasis and can be treated with regional therapies directed toward their liver tumors. Surgical resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases can result in a 24%-38% five-year survival, but only a minority of patients are candidates for resection. Other regional therapies such as cryosurgery, radiofrequency ablation, and hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy may be offered to patients with unresectable but isolated liver metastases. The efficacy of these treatments is still being determined. For most patients with spread of metastatic colorectal cancer beyond the liver, systemic chemotherapy rather than regional therapy is a more appropriate option.
Leukemia in Infants
Authors: Felix Carolyn A. , Lange Beverly J.
Published: February 2020

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in infants have in common a high incidence of translocations of the MLL gene at chromosome band 11q23. Similar translocations occur in leukemias associated with chemotherapies that target DNA topoisomerase II. MLL has numerous different partner genes. The role of the many MLL fusion proteins in leukemogenesis is not yet understood. The t(4;11) translocation, the most common translocation in infant ALL, adversely affects the outcome. Additional genetic changes, especially Ikaros alterations, are found in infant ALL. Other forms of myeloid leukemia in infants present as myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes, which may be associated with constitutional disorders. This review will consider all leukemia in infants, but will focus on leukemias with MLL gene translocations.
A Retrospective Review of Blood Transfusions in Cancer Patients with Anemia
Authors: Estrin Jason Todd , Schocket Lisa , Kregenow Robert , Henry David H.
Published: February 2020

Background: The factors contributing to blood transfusions in patients with anemia of chronic disease are not well documented in the literature. We analyzed all blood transfusion events within a single oncology practice to determine if certain chemotherapy drugs, cancer types, or other factors necessitated more frequent transfusions.

Patients and Methods: Out of 331 patients receiving chemotherapy, 103 (31%) patients received a blood transfusion in 1995. Each of these charts was reviewed and sorted by diagnosis, treatment medications, and past transfusion and/or treatment history. Hemoglobin levels were obtained for each transfusion received in 1995.

Results: The average hemoglobin at time of transfusion was 7.9 g/dl. Higher hemoglobin levels at transfusion were observed for patients over the age of 60 and patients who received prior chemotherapy. Lower hemoglobin levels at transfusion were observed for patients receiving Epoetin Alfa and sarcoma patients. The average number of red blood cell (RBC) units transfused in 1995 was 5.1 per patient. More units were given to patients receiving etoposide, while fewer units were given to those receiving ifosfamide. We created a transfusion severity index (TSI) to jointly measure these two variables.

Conclusion: The results of this study identify transfusion needs associated with certain groups of cancer patients and with certain types of chemotherapy drugs.
The Use of Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Current Status
Authors: Papamichael D.
Published: February 2020

The combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin has been the unofficial “standard” therapy for patients with colorectal cancer for over a decade. Recently, however, a number of new agents targeted against the enzyme thymidylate synthase have been synthesized and are in various stages of development. The currently available thymidylate synthase inhibitors are discussed.

Enormous efforts have been made over the years to improve the efficacy of 5-FU, the most popular of these agents. Biochemical modulation by leucovorin has been the most successful so far. Continuous infusion schedules also appear to be advantageous over bolus administration. However, marked intra- and interpatient variability, combined with nonlinear elimination kinetics and erratic oral bioavailability are relative limitations to further development of 5-FU. New oral 5-FU prodrugs such as UFT, S-1, and Capecitabine may help to overcome some of these difficulties. Eniluracil, a potent inhibitor of the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, may also help by overcoming potential 5- FU resistance mechanisms, in addition to increasing its bioavailability. Of the antifolate-based inhibitors, Tomudex is in the most advanced stage of development. Similar efficacy with 5-FU and a convenient schedule may suggest a role in future combination regimens.

It is quite likely that even the most optimal thymidylate synthase inhibition will have limitations in terms of clinical efficacy. Novel combinations of 5-FU or its analogs with agents that have different mechanisms of action (e.g., oxaliplatin, irinotecan) could provide important new opportunities for improving the outlook of patients with colorectal cancer.
Influence of grading on the compressibility of saturated loess soils
Authors: Xu L. , Gao C. , Lan T. , Lei J. , Zuo L.
Published: February 2020

A series of oedometer tests was carried out on natural loess and artificial soils. The loess soils were retrieved from sandy loess, silty loess and clayey loess zones within the Chinese Loess Plateau, as well as Yili area, Xinjiang Province outside the Chinese Loess Plateau. The results show clear influences of grading on soil compressibility. With the finer particle content increasing in loess, the compression paths turn from slightly upwards concave to upwards convex. The collapse index Ic defined in this study increases with the increasing Cu and decreases with the increasing D60. Locations of the soil normal consolidation lines in v–log σ′v plane are also influenced by soil grading characterised by the D60 and Cu. The intact clayey loess has more significant structure effect than the intact silty loess. Compared with the silty and clayey loess, the intact sandy loess has negligible structure effect on soil compressibility. For a given sampling site, deep loess has a higher yielding stress point and is more difficult to compress to the intrinsic compression line than shallow loess, revealing the effect of stress history on the soil compressibility.
Hydro-mechanical reinforcement of contrasting woody species: a full-scale investigation of a field slope
Authors: Boldrin David , Leung Anthony K. , Bengough Anthony Glyn
Published: February 2020

Soil bioengineering using vegetation is an environmentally friendly technique for slope stabilisation. Plants stabilise slopes by way of mechanical reinforcement (through root anchorage) and hydrological reinforcement (through transpiration-induced matric suction). However, little is known about the effects of a plant's functional group on slope hydrology and stabilisation. This makes it difficult for engineers to select appropriate species for soil bioengineering. In this study, full-scale field monitoring of a 20 m long vegetated embankment was conducted, with the aim to quantify and compare the hydro-mechanical reinforcement provided by three contrasting woody species (deciduous Corylus avellana, evergreen Ilex aquifolium and evergreen Ulex europaeus) native to a European temperate climate. The rainfall interception, matric suction and in situ soil strength were measured over two growing seasons. Evergreen species differed greatly in their water uptake, and sometimes exceeded the deciduous species. The evergreen U. europaeus induced the greatest suction (> 70 kPa) and soil shear strength (e.g. up to 136 kPa) because of its better developed above-ground shoot architecture for rainfall interception (up to 50% of incoming rainfall) and greater root length density for water uptake. This suggests that careful choice of species could greatly enhance slope stabilisation by increasing the soil shear strength.
Iron Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease: Updates on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Batchelor Elizabeth Katherine , Kapitsinou Pinelopi , Pergola Pablo E. , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Jalal Diana I.
Published: February 2020

Anemia is a complication that affects a majority of individuals with advanced CKD. Although relative deficiency of erythropoietin production is the major driver of anemia in CKD, iron deficiency stands out among the mechanisms contributing to the impaired erythropoiesis in the setting of reduced kidney function. Iron deficiency plays a significant role in anemia in CKD. This may be due to a true paucity of iron stores (absolute iron deficiency) or a relative (functional) deficiency which prevents the use of available iron stores. Several risk factors contribute to absolute and functional iron deficiency in CKD, including blood losses, impaired iron absorption, and chronic inflammation. The traditional biomarkers used for the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in patients with CKD have limitations, leading to persistent challenges in the detection and monitoring of IDA in these patients. Here, we review the pathophysiology and available diagnostic tests for IDA in CKD, we discuss the literature that has informed the current practice guidelines for the treatment of IDA in CKD, and we summarize the available oral and intravenous (IV) iron formulations for the treatment of IDA in CKD. Two important issues are addressed, including the potential risks of a more liberal approach to iron supplementation as well as the potential risks and benefits of IV versus oral iron supplementation in patients with CKD.
Treasury Safety, Liquidity, and Money Premium Dynamics: Evidence from Recent Debt Limit Impasses
Authors: Cashin David , Ferris Erin E. Syron , Klee Elizabeth
Published: February 2020

Treasury securities normally possess unparalleled safety and liquidity and, consequently, carry a money premium. We use recent debt limit impasses, which temporarily increased the riskiness of Treasuries, to investigate the relationship between the money premium, safety, and liquidity. Our results shed light on Treasury market dynamics specifically, and debt more generally. We first establish that a decline in the perceived safety of Treasuries erodes the money premium at all times. Meanwhile, changes in liquidity only affected the money premium during the impasses. Next, we show that Treasury safety and liquidity dynamics are generally consistent with the theory of the information sensitivity of debt.
Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Isothermal Modelling of Liquid Phase Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto Moringa Pod Husk Activated Carbon
Authors: Adebayo G.B. , Jamiu W. , Okoro H.K , Okeola F.O. , Adesina A.K. , Feyisetan O.A.
Published: February 2020

This study focused on the liquid phase sorption of methylene blue (MB) using low cost agro-waste from moringa pod husks. Moringa pod husk was carbonized at 450 °C for 30 min, which was later activated with 0.1 M phosphoric acid. The physico-chemical properties of moringa pod activated carbon (AMP) were determined. The results of the physicochemical parameters are: moisture content (13.6 ± 0.02), ash content (2.61 ± 0.11), point of zero charge (pHZPC) (7.2) and bulk density (0.6 g L-1). The sample was also characterized using Brunaeur Emmett Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The BET surface area obtained for AMP is 1340.234 m2 g -1. The effect of optimized parameters such as initial concentration, contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, and temperature on methylene blue removal was investigated. The obtained maximum monolayer adsorption capacity value (qmax)is 9.5785 mg g-1. The three adsorption isotherm models, namely Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin, were employed to describe the fitness of equilibrium data. The Langmuir equation fitted the adsorbent system better with a R2 value of 0.9958. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation also fitted the data well. Thermodynamic studies showed that the AMP-MB adsorption system is spontaneous and endothermic as a negative and positive value was obtained for AG" (-0.460 KJ mol-1) and ΔΗ" (4.482 KJ mol-1), respectively. Keywords: Moringa pod husks, characterization, methylene blue, adsorption kinetics, adsorption models.
No Effect of Self-Report Aggression Measures on N400 in A Lexical Decision Task with Associated Words in a Violent Context v1
Authors: Qasem Hakami Ibrahim , M. van der Veen Frederik , Huijding Jorg , Franken Ingmar.H.A.
Published: February 2020

Recent studies have shown that reactive aggressive behaviour in children is related to a biased interpretation (i.e., in a hostile or aggressive way) of ambiguous stimuli. However, most of the previous studies only focused on the behavioural measures in children and on aggression in general. Therefore, the current study focused on the relationship between aggression related interpretational bias (ARIB)and aggression in an adult population using both behavioural and electro-cortical measures. In this study, we examined (N=93, M=21.86 years) whether higher scores on self-report aggression measures were associated with a more ARIB in a sample of healthy male undergraduate students.Participants performed a lexical decision task in which they had to decide whether the second word (target) in a word pair was a word or a non-word. Associated, un-associated, and non-word pairs, in ambiguous (related in violent or neutral contexts)-or unambiguous contexts, were presented. Associated words led to faster reaction time (RT) and non-words were associated with both slower RTs and a larger N400 amplitude. However, associated words in violent context did not influence RT and N400 measures. Moreover, there was no association between RT, N400, and self-report aggression measures. Finally, our results showed that the aggressive interpretation task is only able to find the associations between ARIB in terms of RT and N400 and self-report aggression measures in a forensic population but might not be sensitive enough to measure ARIBin healthy populations.
LENFÖDEM ve BAKIMINDA HEMŞİRE DENEYİMİ: LENFÖDEM ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: SOYLU AYSE , TUNA ARZU
Published: February 2020

Lenfödem, insan bedeninin belirli bir bölgesinde interstisyel sıvının anormal birikimine yol açan lenf sistemindeki konjenital (primer) veya mekanik (sekonder) anormalliktir. Bu araştırmada, tümör çıkarılmasıyla bağlantılı kanser oluşumu için genellikle lenf bezi diseksiyonu veya lenfadenektominin neden olduğu sekonder lenfödemi üzerine odaklanıldı ve 10 hemşirenin bilgi ve deneyimleri mikrovasküler cerrahi alanındaki son yenilikler de tartışıldı. Genel olarak lenfödeme yönelik sorular gönüllü hemşirelere araştırmacılar tarafından soruldu ve alınan yanıtlar yazıldı. Hemşirelerin uygulamaları ve deneyimleri doğrultusunda hemşirelerin konuya yönelik bilgileri ilgili literatüre uygundu lakin bilgilerini uygulamaları kısıtlıydı. Taburculuk öncesi hastalara yazılı materyal verilse de içindeki bilgiler planlı, programlı, süresi belli olarak anlatılmamaktaydı. Hastalar daha çok merak ettiklerini öğrenmekte, hastaların ve yakınlarının evde lenfödemi önlemeye yönelik farkındalığını artıracak sadece bilgi içeren materyal taburculuk öncesi verilmekteydi. Sonuç olarak; hemşirelerin lenfödeme yönelik bilgileri güncel, lakin hasta ve yakınlarına bilgiyi sunma, lenfödemi önleyici davranışlar kazandırma konusunda motivasyonları az, planlı, programlı,süreli eğitim konusunda güdülenmelere ihtiyaçları olduğu söylenebilir.
Narratives of decommunization in Ukraine’s cultural space
Authors:   Institute of Culture Studies, National Academy of Arts of Ukraine, Grytsenko O. A.
Published: February 2020

The article offers a cultural study of one of key aspects of the decommunization process in contemporary Ukraine, formally started by the introduction of so-called ‘four decommunization laws’ adopted on April 4, 2015, as manifested in the country’s cultural space through major narratives that describe, interpret and mythologize this process from various cultural and ideological positions and viewpoints. The methodological background for the study is provided by well-known cultural studies’ approach that, according to Paul Du Gay, Stuart Hall and others, presumes a systemic analysis of five key aspects of a given cultural phenomenon, namely, its production (creation), its consumption (reception), its regulation (by the state and other actors), its representations in culture (including narratives about it), and identities shaped or transformed by it. In this article, the penultimate part of a cultural study of Ukrainian decommunization is presented in detail. An overview of dozens of articles, columns, interviews and other texts about the decommunization in Ukrainian and foreign media demonstrates that there seem to be four main groups of decommunization narratives, tentatively named: the ‘purification of Ukraine’ narrative, the regional (or decentralized) narrative, the ‘Bandera-ization’ narrative, and the liberal narrative, each with its characteristic modes of emplotment (from epic romance to satire), with its civilization perspective, its set of symbols and values, its ‘heroes’ and ‘villains’. Unsurprisingly, those portrayed as heroes in affirmative narratives (that of ‘purification’, for instance) tend to become villains in negative narratives, the head of Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance Volodymyr Viatrovych being the most prominent one.
Best Practices for Working with Childhood: the Experience of Psychologists in the Education System of the Chuvash Republic
Authors: Efimova N.N.
Published: February 2020

The article provides an overview of the best and relevant teaching materials — programs, technologies, training scenarios, master classes of psychologists of the education system of the Chuvash Republic, presented on the site “Educational Psychology in Chuvashia” on the recommendation of the Board of the Chuvash regional branch of the Federation of Education Psychologists of Russia. The reasons for publishing materials on the site are mentioned — the prize in the republican competition and festivals of professional excellence, methodological developments, the successful defense of graduation certification work in refresher courses for educational psychologists at the Chuvash Republican Institute of Education, the publication of materials and their relevance. A brief description of the teaching materials is given in a certain sequence: for working with preschoolers, then with younger schoolchildren, with adolescents and young people, with parents, and teachers. The following are considered the most popular, massively used by teachers and psychologists of Chuvashia, as well as technologies and methods developed by individual specialists in professional activities. After the review part, an analysis of the presented accumulated experience in Chuvashia is given in terms of sufficiency for solving the professional tasks of the psychological education service and performing the labor functions of an educational psychologist. Key words: program, technology, method, technics, practices in the work of an educational psychologist, psychological service of the education system.
First Results of the Scientific Project No. 18-29-16018 “The Concept of Forming up Criminal Proceedings Providing Access to Justice in the Conditions of Digital Technologies Development”
Authors: Maslennikova L. N.
Published: February 2020

The paper substantiates the necessity and possibility of developing the concept of forming up criminal proceedings that provide access to justice in the conditions of digital technologies development. When developing the concept, the following methods were used: general scientific, interdisciplinary, that is, common to criminal procedure science and information science (for example, mathematical method, and modeling) and specific methods for each of these sciences. The interdisciplinary nature of the study required the use of synergetic, phenomenological, sociological, activity, and normative-value approaches. The main directions of the concept are substantiated as follows: in part of digitalization of criminal proceedings — design and implementation of a state automated system "Access to justice", which has no analogues in the Russian Federation; the creation of a common digital platform for electronic interaction for leaders at all levels of law enforcement and other state bodies, judges, prosecutors, investigators, interrogating officers among themselves and with citizens while ensuring the all members are digitally equal; in terms of paradigm shift of the initial phase of criminal proceedings — a new approach to pre-trial proceedings as a public service to ensure citizens access to justice; provision to participants, having no authority, with the right to address in court with petitions for the deposition of evidence, the adoption of measures to secure a civil claim, etc.; the transformation of the preliminary judicial control into an organizationally independent judicial body that ensures access to justice through considering appeals at the initial stage of criminal proceedings, including remotely. It is shown how the results obtained can be used in further scientific research, legislative and law enforcement activities.
Object and Subject of Legal Regulation as Components of the Structural Organization of Law and Order
Authors: Svinin E. V.
Published: February 2020

The relationship of the legal order with the categories "object of legal regulation" and "subject of legal regulation" has not been studied comprehensively enough. The legal literature has developed an approach to defining the structure of law and order as a set of public relations regulated by law. This approach seems limited, since it inevitably leads to the identification of the structure of the rule of law and the subject of legal regulation. Other aspects of the interaction of law and order with the categories "object of legal regulation" and "subject of legal regulation" are yet to be studied.

The multi-aspect nature of the "law and order" category necessitates an integrated approach to its structure, for the analysis of the categories "object of legal regulation" and "subject of legal regulation" are of great methodological importance. The peculiarities of the manifestation of order in the legal sphere allow us to distinguish three relatively independent sides of a single concept: law and order as a "norm", "process" and "result" of legal life.

The study of static and dynamic structures of law and order is impossible without analyzing the categories "object of legal regulation" and "subject of legal regulation". These categories are considered as the most important components of the structural organization of law and order. In this capacity, they allow you to see the internal logic and regularities of the manifestation of order in the system of legal phenomena such as sources of law, the system of law, the system of legislation, legal relations and legal activity.

The application of the categories "object of legal regulation" and "subject of legal regulation" allows you to create a comprehensive and complete picture of the structure of law and order. However, it seems that legal science should pay more attention to these categories. The established traditional and dogmatic views need a new system update. The development of a private theory of the object of legal regulation and the subject of legal regulation will make it possible to achieve significant results in understanding other fundamental categories, in particular the legal order.
Criminal and Legal Risks in the Field of Digital Technologies: Problems and Suggestions
Authors: Gracheva Yu. V. , Korobeev A. I. , Malikov S. V. , Chuchaev A. I.
Published: February 2020

Countering cyber threats poses new challenges for information security specialists, and requires developing legal protection mechanisms that will allow them to respond to criminal threats in the digital environment ahead of time. The path chosen by the national legislator to counteract crimes in the information sphere suffers from a delay, a gap and an inability to cover all possible socially dangerous acts and their consequences. The paper analyzes the spheres of life that innovative technologies affect or will have the greatest impact on, thus pursuing a propaedeutic goal — creating the necessary theoretical foundation for further consideration of special criminal law issues. These areas include social networks, e-commerce, digital medicine, sharing economy, industry 4.0.

The authors conclude that the digitalization of many spheres of life is accompanied by a positive effect, but also carries new threats and risks that are not reflected in criminal legislation. In such a situation, it is necessary to review the criminal law policy and develop a unified approach.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN POPOLO COFFEE TERHADAP GENERASI MILLENIAL MELALUI AKUN INSTAGRAM
Authors: Musyaffa Q Nushan , Dunan Amri
Published: February 2020

Abstrak – Maraknya bisnis dibidang coffee shop ini memberikan peluang besar terhadap para pengusaha di bidang kuliner untuk menciptakan pasar baru terutama terhadap kalangan milenial. Bisnis dibidang kuliner coffee shop ini menjadi semakin ramai karena hadirnya trend Instagram ditengah masyarakat. Berbagai bentuk promosi untuk menarik minat beli serta menjual konsep “Instagramable”, menjadi trend baru beberapa tahun kebelakang ini dikalangan anak muda di berbagai kota-kota besar. Strategi komunikasi pemasaran yang dilakukan Popolo yaitu melalui Instagram yang digunakan sebagai media informasi sekaligus pemasaran dari Popolo tersebut. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana strategi komunkasi pemasaran Popolo Coffee terhadap generasi milenial yang melalui akun Instagram yang terhadap generasi milenials. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dan menggunakan teori IMC (Integrated Marketing Communication). Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, maka peneliti dapat menyimpulkan bahwa strategi komunikasi pemasaran Popolo menggunakan media sosial Instagram karena murah, mudah, dan jangkauan area yang tercangkup sangat luas.

 

Kata Kunci: Strategi Komunikasi, Komunikasi Pemasaran, Instagam, Millenials

 

Abstract – The coffee shop business was a great opportunity for entrepreneurs in the culinary field to create new markets, especially for the millennials generation in present. Coffee shop business is becoming happening because of the presence of Instagram trends in the community. Various forms of promotion to attract buying and selling with the concept of "Instagramable" has become a new trend among young people in big cities. The marketing communication strategy by Popolo is trough Instagram which is used as a marketing media of Popolo for now. The purpose of this research is to analyze how Popolo Coffee's marketing communication strategy towards millennials through Instagram accounts on the millennials generations. The approach in this study uses a descriptive qualitative method, and uses the IMC (Integrated Marketing Communication) theory. The results of the research that has been done, the researchers can conclude that the marketing communication strategy of Popolo uses social media Instagram because it is cheap, easy, and the coverage area covered is very broad.

Keywords: communication   strategies, marketing communications, instagram, millennials
PEMAHAMAN KOMUNIKASI POLITIK PADA ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Waluyo Djoko
Published: February 2020

Artikel pemahaman komunikasi politik pada era digital bertujuan untuk memberi pemikiran-pemikiran baru terhadap perkembangan konsep dan praktik komunikasi politik yang telah memasuki era digital. Dan bagaimana fungsi dan proses komunikasi politik dalam era digital, sehingga untuk mencapai kepada publik yang lebih luas telah dimanfaatkan jaringan Internet termasuk media sosial yang sudah dikenal dalam masyarakat luas. Sumber penulisan dari tema komunikasi politik dalam era digital berasal dari literatur tercetak dan media online (internet) dengan teknik analisis kualitatif – deskriptif. Diharapkan artikel ini dapat memberi wawasan yang lebih luas dengan  pemahaman baru terhadap perkembangan konsep dan praktik komunikasi politik pada era digital.
Pemanfaatan “Bi Saylor” Sebagai Produk Pangan Alternatif untuk Pembangunan Gizi Berkelanjutan
Authors: Has Dwi Faqihatus Syarifah , Ariestiningsih Eka Srirahayu
Published: February 2020

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah membangun gizi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat, dengan memanfaatkan potensi desa yakni Daun Kelor sebagai bahan baku pembuatan produk “BI SAYLOR” (Biskuit PMT dan Sayur Daun Kelor). Pemanfaatan Potensi Desa yakni Kelor dengan produk diharapkan dapat menjadi pembangunan berkelanjutan di bidang gizi. Penambahan Biskuit PMT sebagai bahan baku produk diharapkan dapat mengurangi prevalensi kejadian stunting dan gizi buruk di Desa Kedungsumber. Produk BI SAYLOR dapat disajikan dalam tiga variasi makanan, yakni: Ice Cream, Nugget, dan Puding. Metode yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ceramah dan demonstrasi disertai materi pelatihan, serta disampaikan langsung dengan melakukan pendemonstrasian yang berkenaan dengan proses pembuatan tiga macam varian produk. Dari dimulai dari penanganan bahan baku, cara penggunaan alat-alat produksi, proses pencampuran bahan, pemasakan, pengemasan sampai pemasaran. Hasil secara keseluruhan hampir 100 persen mitra kerja, menilai kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di Desa Kedungsumber bermanfaat dan dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan. Kata kunci— BiSaylor, Gizi Berkelanjutan, Pangan Alternatif. Abstract The purpose of this community service activity is to build nutrition and welfare of the community, by utilizing the potential of the village, namely Kelor Leaf as a raw material for making products "BI SAYLOR" (PMT Biscuits and Moringa Leaf Vegetables). Village Potential Utilization namely Moringa with products is expected to be a sustainable development in the field of nutrition. The addition of PMT biscuits as product raw material is expected to reduce the prevalence of stunting and malnutrition in Kedungsumber Village. BI SAYLOR products can be served in three variations of food, namely: Ice Cream, Nugget, and Pudding. The method was carried out using lecture and demonstration methods accompanied by training materials, and delivered directly by conducting demonstrations relating to the process of making three product variants. Starting from handling raw materials, how to use production equipment, the process of mixing materials, cooking, packaging to marketing. The overall results of nearly 100% work partners, assess community service activities in Kedungsumber Village are useful and can be carried out sustainably. Keywords— Alternative Food, BiSaylor, Sustainable Nutrition
Bazı Kavuzsuz Arpaların (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) Verim ve Bazı Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: YÜKSEL Soner , ÜNVER Saime
Published: February 2020

Bu
araştırma; 2012-2013 ve 2013-2014 yetiştirme dönemlerinde Eskişehir’de Geçit
Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsünde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada; son yıllarda
ıslahı, üretimi, gıda, yem ve diğer endüstriyel uygulamalarda kullanılmasıyla
önem kazanan kavuzsuz arpanın, kuru koşullarda verim ve bazı kalite
özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla; materyal olarak dokuz
adet kavuzsuz arpa hattı ile bir tane tescilli kavuzsuz arpa çeşidi (Özen)
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada; m2’deki başak sayısı, sap uzunluğu,
birim alan tane verimi, başakta tane sayısı, başakta tane verimi, bin tane
ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, protein oranı ve 2.5 mm elek üstü değerlerine
ilişkin veriler elde edilmiştir. Ele alınan tüm özellikler yönünden yıllar
arası farklılık önemli bulunmuş ve yıllar ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir.
Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; kuru şartlarda her iki yıl G1 numaralı arpa hattı
217 ve 225 kg/da ile en yüksek tane verimi vermiştir. Protein oranı yönünden
birinci yıl %17.4 ile G6 numaralı hattından en yüksek değer elde edilmiştir.
İkinci yıl %11.8 protein oranı ile G9 numaralı kavuzsuz arpa hattı ön plana
çıkmıştır. Birim alan tane verimi en yüksek olan G1 numaralı arpa hattı diğer
özellikler yönünden incelendiğinde, m2’de başak sayısı, sap
uzunluğu, başakta tane sayısı gibi özelliklerde iyi sonuçlar vermiştir.
Reasonability of urine toxicology screening for methamphetamine and cocaine in young acute myocardial infarction
Authors: ÖRNEK Ender , KURTUL Alparslan , GÖK Murat
Published: February 2020

Aim: Prior cocaine and methamphetamine use influence treatment strategies in subjects with acute myocardial infarction. Often patients may not self-report illicit drug use on admission but urine analysis may reveal etiology. This study aimed to investigate if routine screening of cocaine and methamphetamine use by urine analysis is reasonable in young myocardial infarction.Material and Methods: This study enrolled 50 consecutive young patients (≤50 years old) with acute myocardial infarction. Mean age was 41.3±7.8 (21-50) and 80% of patients were male. Patients were queried about the use of any illicit drug use on admission. Urine samples for cocaine and methamphetamine analysis were done using immunuassay tests within the first day of admission. Cocaine use was considered as positive if the level of benzoylecgonine was above 300 ng/mL. Methamphetamine use was considered as positive if the level was above 1000 ng/mL. All the patients underwent coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary revascularization if they had significant coronary artery stenosis.Results: ST elevated acute myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 38 patients (76%) and non-ST elevated acute myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 12 patients (24%). No patient self-reported cocaine or methamphetamine use. Urine analyses for cocaine were negative in all 50 patients. In urine analyses methamphetamine were found to be positive in 5 patients (10%). Classical risk factors for atherosclerosis were similar between the groups.Conclusion: As we found 10% incidence of methamphetamine use, it may be reasonable to screen methamphetamine use but not cocaine use by urine analysis in younger myocardial infarction patients
Diversified Ownership Structure and Dividend Pay‑outs of Publicly Traded Companies
Authors: Pieloch-Babiarz Aleksandra
Published: February 2020

The aim of this article is to identify and characterise the relationship between the ownership structure and dividend pay‑out of listed companies. The research hypothesis states that along with an increase in a degree of ownership concentration both the propensity to pay a dividend and its amount increase. The research has been conducted on a group of 354 non‑financial companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The basic research method is the analysis of logistic and tobit regression. The research shows that along with an increase in the complexity of the ownership structure, the share of the State Treasury, institutional investors and board members, decisions on dividend pay‑out are made more often, and the amount of dividend is higher. Examining the degree of ownership concentration expressed by the Herfindahl‑Hirschman index, diversified results have been obtained. An estimation of some regression models shows that stronger ownership concentration favours the decision to pay a dividend (dividends are paid out more frequently), however, as a degree of ownership concentration increases, a decrease in the amount of dividend is observed.

The research results presented in this article are a supplement to the existing analyses carried out on the global markets and an extension of the existing research conducted on the companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.
Crescimento, sobrevivência e trocas gasosas de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden submetidas a regimes de irrigação e aplicação de hidrogel
Authors: Felippe Dionéia , Navroski Marcio Carlos , Saudade de Aguiar Natália , De Oliveira Pereira Mariane , Moraes Carolina , Amaral Milena
Published: February 2020

A adição de polímeros hidroretentores visa aumentar a capacidade de retenção de água no solo, propiciando maior taxa de sobrevivência das mudas e permitindo o plantio em épocas distintas do ano. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do uso do hidrogel no plantio de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii em vasos, relacionado com diferentes manejos hídricos, simulando condições de campo em solo do tipo Cambissolo Húmico. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial (hidrogel e frequência de irrigação). O fator hidrogel foi composto por presença ou ausência do polímero, e a frequência de irrigação por irrigação somente no plantio, a cada 8 dias, 4 dias e diariamente. Foram realizadas avaliações da sintomatologia do estresse hídrico, aspectos morfométricos, teor de água no solo e trocas gasosas. O hidrogel proporcionou aumento no teor de água no solo e o adiamento nos sintomas de estresse hídrico, principalmente quando a irrigação foi efetuada com menor frequência. A adição do polímero também proporcionou melhoria na qualidade das mudas, com maior acúmulo de massa seca. O estresse hídrico foi um fator limitante para a abertura estomática. Quanto menor a disponibilidade de água, menores foram os valores de fotossíntese, condutância estomática e transpiração. Em geral, os resultados obtidos confirmam que a adição de hidrogel no solo otimiza a disponibilidade de água, com possibilidade de redução da mortalidade no plantio e maximização do crescimento das plantas na fase inicial de estabelecimento.

 

Palavras-chave: Polímero hidroretentor, déficit hídrico, ecofisiologia, fotossíntese, sintomatologia.
Uso de organofosforados por agricultores de la comunidad de Guaslán- Ecuador y los cambios hematológicos
Authors: Esparza-Olalla Johanna Elizabeth , Forero-Lugo Francy Carolina , Mardones-Montanares Marcela Alejandra
Published: February 2020

En Ecuador el uso de plaguicidas organofosforados en la agricultura se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, según datos bibliográficos las personas expuestas de manera ocupacional a estos agroquímicos manifiestan alteraciones en su salud. Este estudio fue enfocado en la valoración de parámetros hematológicos y morfológicos de agricultores expuestos de forma ocupacional a estos plaguicidas. Es un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal y correlacional. En la comunidad de Guaslán-Ecuador aproximadamente 400 personas se dedican a la agricultura, de los cuales 186 individuos formaron parte del estudio forma libre y voluntaria. El 53% de la población fueron mujeres, el 47% hombres. La valoración del hemograma permitió determinar alteraciones cuantitativas como: poliglobulia, leucocitosis, neutrofilia, linfocitosis y cambios en las plaquetas. La morfología celular se valoró con el análisis del frotis de sangre periférica que evidenció alteraciones cualitativas en glóbulos rojos, blancos y plaquetas. Los hallazgos más relevantes fueron: neutrófilos con granulación tóxica, linfocitos reactivos, hipersegmentación, plaquetas grandes y estomatocitosis. La colinesterasa eritrocitaria obtuvo 13% de la población. El 99% de la población presentó al menos una alteración cuantitativa y un 80% alteraciones cualitativas. La actividad de la colinesterasa resultó inversamente proporcional al tiempo de exposición. Se concluye que los plaguicidas organofosforados son capaces de producir alteraciones a nivel celular y enzimático. Se recomienda incluir el hemograma y el frotis de sangre periférica como marcadores de hemotoxicidad en pruebas ocupacionales o de perfil epidemiológico para personas expuestas a este tipo de agroquímicos.