bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is Local Knowledge? Digital Humanities and Yuan Dynasty Disasters in Imperial China's Local Gazetteers
Authors: Schäfer Dagmar , Chen Shih-pei , Che Qun
Published: August 2020

This paper focuses on the historical politics of disaster records in Chinese local gazetteers (difangzhi 地方志). Using records of mulberry crop failures as examples, the authors ask how gazetteer editors collated Yuan disaster records—initially collected to help prevent disasters and authorize the legitimacy of dynastic rule—in gazetteers and, in so doing, made them into ‘local’ knowledge. Digital humanities methods allow for both qualitative and quantitative analyses, and the authors deploy them to demonstrate how, in structured texts like the Chinese local gazetteers, they could help combine close reading of specific sections and larger-scale analysis of regional patterns. In the first part, the authors show how disasters were recorded in a Yuan Zhenjiang gazetteer to facilitate taxation and disaster prevention locally—a strategy rarely traceable in subsequent gazetteers until the Qing. In the second part, the authors shifted their perspective to the historical accumulation of data and what that reveals about the reception of Yuan disasters: whereas local gazetteers from the north generate long chronologies of mulberry disasters from the Ming to the Qing, others depict the south as disaster-free.
Forced Displacement from Ukraine’s War-Torn Territories: Intersectionality and Power Geometry
Authors: Kuznetsova Irina , Mikheieva Oksana
Published: August 2020

The number of internally forcibly displaced persons is growing every year across the globe and exceeds the number of refugees. To date, Ukraine has the highest number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Europe, with about 1.4 million people forced to flee from the conflict in eastern Ukraine. Employing Massey’s concept of ‘power geometry’, the modalities of borders, and taking an intersectional approach, this article theorizes how IDPs are situated politically within a protracted conflict. Such an approach offers the chance to see how the reaction to the war brings authorities to see displaced people as a static category and reproduces a war-lexicon in policies, which fractures the space of everyday life. Drawing upon qualitative research on IDPs, the civil society, international organizations, and public officials in Ukraine, the article concludes that intersections of gender and older age with displacement, and the lack of state recognition of these differing groups of IDPs, together with the lack of the economic resources for social policy, produces multiple forms of social exclusion.
Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection of non-native rats in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, the Philippines
Authors: Estaño Leonardo A. , Bordado Anna Monica D. , Paller Vachel Gay V.
Published: August 2020

A number of studies had been conducted on rat species diversity in the Philippines, however, there is a dearth of information on the extent of Angiostrongylus spp. infection in various ecological niches. Collection of non-native rat samples occurred in various sampling sites categorized as residential, agricultural and agro-forest in Philippine Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) and its adjacent areas . Three species of non-native rats were captured including Rattus tanezumi, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus exulans. Of the total 90 non-native rats collected, 24.4% were found infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Statistical analysis showed significant difference among rat species with highest prevalence observed in R. exulans (42.9%) followed by R. tanezumi (29.8%) and R. norvegicus (7.7%) (P = 0.047). Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection was significantly higher in adults (29.4%) than in juvenile rats (9.1%) (P = 0.050). However, results showed no significant difference in A. cantonensis infection between male (43.3%) and female (18.3%) rats and between wet (31.6%) and dry seasons (19.2%) (P > 0.05). Moreover, this study also revealed that rats from agricultural and agro-forest areas showed significantly higher prevalence than residential areas. With urbanization and the everchanging landscape of MMFR watersheds and buffer zones, zoonotic transmission can pose health threats to the local people.
L2 classroom interaction and its links to L2 learners’ developing L2 linguistic repertoires: A research agenda
Authors: Hall Joan Kelly
Published: August 2020

A great deal of research on second language (L2) input has provided useful linguistic evidence for the development of generalizations about and hypotheses on the usage-based nature of L2 knowledge. However, despite the fact that classrooms are one of the most ubiquitous sites of L2 learning, we still know very little about the linguistic quality of naturally-occurring classroom interactions and their consequential role in shaping learners’ linguistic repertoires (Ellis, 2016). These data are needed in order to understand how differences in L2 classroom interactional activities affect L2 learner language. This is the focus of the set of research tasks I lay out in this paper. After a brief overview of usage-based research on language and a summary of the methodological contributions of conversational analysis (CA) and interactional linguistics (IL) to such research, I will explicate a research agenda comprising five tasks for investigating the links between L2 classroom interaction and L2 learners’ developing linguistic repertoires. By making clear the interrelationships between teaching and learning, findings from the studies will offer new insights into L2 pedagogy and the key role that L2 teachers play in designing the linguistic environments of their learning contexts and shaping learners' linguistic repertoires.
Stabilization of a Tractor with n Trailers in the Presence of Wheel Slip Effects
Authors: Keymasi Khalaji Ali , Jalalnezhad Mostafa
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this paper is to design a stabilizing controller for a car with n connected trailers. The proposed control algorithm is constructed on the Lyapunov theory. In this paper, the purpose of navigating the system toward the desired point considering the slip phenomenon as a main source of uncertainty is analyzed. First mathematical models are presented. Then, a stabilizing control approach based on the Lyapunov theory is presented. Subsequently, an uncertainty estimator is taken into account to overcome the wheel slip effects. Obtained results show the convergence properties of the proposed control algorithm against the slip phenomenon.
“Born a Leading Lady”: The Political Trajectory of Lucretia del Valle
Authors: Brown-Coronel Margie
Published: August 2020

This essay explores the life experiences that shaped the political work of Lucretia del Valle Grady. Born in California at the turn of the twentieth century, del Valle Grady traced her lineage to early California Spanish-Mexican settlers. She came of age in the emerging metropolis of Los Angeles and closely witnessed her father's, Reginaldo del Valle, own political career evolve. After a successful acting career, Lucretia left Los Angeles to study in New York and took part in suffrage efforts. While suffrage occupies a center role in understanding women's political work, this essay shows that suffrage functioned as a stepping stone between formidable political experiences. By decentering suffrage, this profile traces the vast scope of del Valle Grady's life of political engagement.
Wiser Reasoning and Less Disgust Have the Potential to Better Achieve Suicide Prevention
Authors: Hu Chao S. , Ji Jiajia , Huang Jinhao , Feng Zhe , Xie Dong , Li Mei , Liang Zhijian , Wei Zhaoguo
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Background: High school and university teachers need to advise students against attempting suicide, the second leading cause of death among 15–29-year-olds. Aims: To investigate the role of reasoning and emotion in advising against suicide. Method: We conducted a study with 130 students at a university that specializes in teachers' education. Participants sat in front of a camera, videotaping their advising against suicide. Three raters scored their transcribed advice on "wise reasoning" (i.e., expert forms of reasoning: considering a variety of conditions, awareness of the limitation of one's knowledge, taking others' perspectives). Four registered psychologists experienced in suicide prevention techniques rated the transcripts on the potential for suicide prevention. Finally, using the software Facereader 7.1, we analyzed participants' micro-facial expressions during advice-giving. Results: Wiser reasoning and less disgust predicted higher potential for suicide prevention. Moreover, higher potential for suicide prevention was associated with more surprise. Limitations: The actual efficacy of suicide prevention was not assessed. Conclusion: Wise reasoning and counter-stereotypic ideas that trigger surprise probably contribute to the potential for suicide prevention. This advising paradigm may help train teachers in advising students against suicide, measuring wise reasoning, and monitoring a harmful emotional reaction, that is, disgust.
Reconnection‐ and Dipolarization‐Driven Auroral Dawn Storms and Injections
Authors: Yao Z. H. , Bonfond B. , Clark G. , Grodent D. , Dunn W. R. , Vogt M. F. , Guo R. L. , Mauk B. H. , Connerney J. E. P. , Levin S. M. , Bolton S. J.
Published: August 2020

Jupiter displays many distinct auroral structures, among which auroral dawn storms and auroral injections are often observed contemporaneously. However, it is unclear if the contemporaneous nature of the observations is a coincidence or part of an underlying physical connection. We show six clear examples from a recent Hubble Space Telescope campaign (GO‐14634) that each display both auroral dawn storms and auroral injection signatures. We found that these conjugate phenomena could exist during intervals of either relatively low or high auroral activity, as evidenced by the varied levels of total auroral power. In situ observations of the magnetosphere by Juno show a strong magnetic reconnection event inside of 45 Jupiter radii (RJ) on the predawn sector, followed by two dipolarization events within the following 2 hr, coincident with the auroral dawn storm and auroral injection event. We therefore suggest that the auroral dawn storm is the manifestation of magnetic reconnection in the dawnside magnetosphere. The dipolarization region is mapped to the auroral injection, strongly suggesting that this was associated with the auroral injection. Since magnetic reconnection and dipolarization are physically connected, we therefore suggest that the often‐conjugate auroral dawn storm and auroral injection events are also physically connected consequences.
Fully Interactive and Refined Resolution Simulations of the Martian Dust Cycle by the MarsWRF Model
Authors: Gebhardt C. , Abuelgasim A. , Fonseca R. M. , Martín‐Torres J. , Zorzano M.‐P.
Published: August 2020

The MarsWRF model is set up with fully interactive dust at 5° × 5° and 2° × 2 resolution. The latter allows for a better representation of topography and other surface properties. An infinite reservoir of surface dust is assumed for both resolutions. For 5° × 5°, surface dust lifting by wind stress takes place over broad areas, occurring in about 20% of the model's grid cells. For 2° × 2°, it is more spatially restricted, occurring in less than 5% of the grid cells, and somewhat reminiscent of the corridors Acidalia‐Chryse, Utopia‐Isidis, and Arcadia‐West of Tharsis. The onset times of major dust storms—large regional storms or global dust storm events (GDEs)—do not exhibit much interannual variability, typically occurring at around Ls 260°. However, their magnitude does show significant interannual variability—with only small regional storms in some years, large regional storms in others, and some years with GDEs—owing to the interaction between major dust lifting regions at low latitudes. The latter is consistent with observed GDEs having several active dust lifting centers. The agreement between the model's surface dust distribution and observation‐based dust cover index maps is potentially better for 2° × 2°. For the latter, there is also significant surface dust lifting by wind stress in the aphelion season that is largely confined to the Hellas basin. It has a recurring time pattern of 2–7 sols, possibly resulting from the interaction between midlatitude baroclinic systems and local downslope flows.
Dust Storms Associated with Increase in Critical Care Visits
Authors: Shultz David
Published: August 2020

Fine particulate matter from dust storms can exacerbate respiratory diseases, and now scientists have shown that critical care hospital visits spike during and after such events.
TMBIM6/BI-1 contributes to cancer progression through assembly with mTORC2 and AKT activation
Authors: Kim Hyun-Kyoung , Bhattarai Kashi Raj , Junjappa Raghu Patil , Ahn Jin Hee , Pagire Suvarna H. , Yoo Hyun Ju , Han Jaeseok , Lee Duckgue , Kim Kyung-Woon , Kim Hyung-Ryong , Chae Han-Jung
Published: August 2020

Transmembrane B cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein inhibitor motif-containing (TMBIM) 6, a Ca2+ channel-like protein, is highly up-regulated in several cancer types. Here, we show that TMBIM6 is closely associated with survival in patients with cervical, breast, lung, and prostate cancer. TMBIM6 deletion or knockdown suppresses primary tumor growth. Further, mTORC2 activation is up-regulated by TMBIM6 and stimulates glycolysis, protein synthesis, and the expression of lipid synthesis genes and glycosylated proteins. Moreover, ER-leaky Ca2+ from TMBIM6, a unique characteristic, is shown to affect mTORC2 assembly and its association with ribosomes. In addition, we identify that the BIA compound, a potentialTMBIM6 antagonist, prevents TMBIM6 binding to mTORC2, decreases mTORC2 activity, and also regulates TMBIM6-leaky Ca2+, further suppressing tumor formation and progression in cancer xenograft models. This previously unknown signaling cascade in which mTORC2 activity is enhanced via the interaction with TMBIM6 provides potential therapeutic targets for various malignancies.
Silicon–silicon π single bond
Authors: Kyushin Soichiro , Kurosaki Yoshikuni , Otsuka Kyohei , Imai Haruna , Ishida Shintaro , Kyomen Toru , Hanaya Minoru , Matsumoto Hideyuki
Published: August 2020

A carbon–carbon double bond consists of a σ bond and a π bond. Recently, the concept of a π single bond, where a π bond is not accompanied by a σ bond, has been proposed in diradicals containing carbon and heteroatom radical centers. Here we report a closed-shell compound having a silicon–silicon π single bond. 1,2,2,3,4,4-Hexa-tert-butylbicyclo[1.1.0]tetrasilane has a silicon−silicon π single bond between the bridgehead silicon atoms. The X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that the silicon−silicon π single bond (2.853(1) Å) is far longer than the longest silicon−silicon bond so far reported. In spite of this unusually long bond length, the electrons of the 3p orbitals are paired, which is confirmed by measurement of electron paramagnetic resonance, and magnetic susceptibility and natural bond orbital analysis. The properties of the silicon−silicon π single bond are studied by UV/Vis and29Si NMR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations.
Observation of reduced thermal conductivity in a metal-organic framework due to the presence of adsorbates
Authors: Babaei Hasan , DeCoster Mallory E. , Jeong Minyoung , Hassan Zeinab M. , Islamoglu Timur , Baumgart Helmut , McGaughey Alan J. H. , Redel Engelbert , Farha Omar K. , Hopkins Patrick E. , Malen Jonathan A. , Wilmer Christopher E.
Published: August 2020

Whether the presence of adsorbates increases or decreases thermal conductivity in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been an open question. Here we report observations of thermal transport in the metal-organic framework HKUST-1 in the presence of various liquid adsorbates: water, methanol, and ethanol. Experimental thermoreflectance measurements were performed on single crystals and thin films, and theoretical predictions were made using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the thermal conductivity of HKUST-1 decreases by 40 – 80% depending on the adsorbate, a result that cannot be explained by effective medium approximations. Our findings demonstrate that adsorbates introduce additional phonon scattering in HKUST-1, which particularly shortens the lifetimes of low-frequency phonon modes. As a result, the system thermal conductivity is lowered to a greater extent than the increase expected by the creation of additional heat transfer channels. Finally, we show that thermal diffusivity is even more greatly reduced than thermal conductivity by adsorption.
Gut microbial co-abundance networks show specificity in inflammatory bowel disease and obesity
Authors: Chen Lianmin , Collij Valerie , Jaeger Martin , van den Munckhof Inge C. L. , Vich Vila Arnau , Kurilshikov Alexander , Gacesa Ranko , Sinha Trishla , Oosting Marije , Joosten Leo A. B. , Rutten Joost H. W. , Riksen Niels P. , Xavier Ramnik J. , Kuipers Folkert , Wijmenga Cisca , Zhernakova Alexandra , Netea Mihai G. , Weersma Rinse K. , Fu Jingyuan
Published: August 2020

The gut microbiome is an ecosystem that involves complex interactions. Currently, our knowledge about the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease relies mainly on differential microbial abundance, and little is known about the role of microbial interactions in the context of human disease. Here, we construct and compare microbial co-abundance networks using 2,379 metagenomes from four human cohorts: an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohort, an obese cohort and two population-based cohorts. We find that the strengths of 38.6% of species co-abundances and 64.3% of pathway co-abundances vary significantly between cohorts, with 113 species and 1,050 pathway co-abundances showing IBD-specific effects and 281 pathway co-abundances showing obesity-specific effects. We can also replicate these IBD microbial co-abundances in longitudinal data from the IBD cohort of the integrative human microbiome (iHMP-IBD) project. Our study identifies several key species and pathways in IBD and obesity and provides evidence that altered microbial abundances in disease can influence their co-abundance relationship, which expands our current knowledge regarding microbial dysbiosis in disease.
Prominent members of the human gut microbiota express endo-acting O-glycanases to initiate mucin breakdown
Authors: Crouch Lucy I. , Liberato Marcelo V. , Urbanowicz Paulina A. , Baslé Arnaud , Lamb Christopher A. , Stewart Christopher J. , Cooke Katie , Doona Mary , Needham Stephanie , Brady Richard R. , Berrington Janet E. , Madunic Katarina , Wuhrer Manfred , Chater Peter , Pearson Jeffery P. , Glowacki Robert , Martens Eric C. , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J. , Spencer Daniel I. R. , Bolam David N.
Published: August 2020

The thick mucus layer of the gut provides a barrier to infiltration of the underlying epithelia by both the normal microbiota and enteric pathogens. Some members of the microbiota utilise mucin glycoproteins as a nutrient source, but a detailed understanding of the mechanisms used to breakdown these complex macromolecules is lacking. Here we describe the discovery and characterisation of endo-acting enzymes from prominent mucin-degrading bacteria that target the polyLacNAc structures within oligosaccharide side chains of both animal and human mucins. These O-glycanases are part of the large and diverse glycoside hydrolase 16 (GH16) family and are often lipoproteins, indicating that they are surface located and thus likely involved in the initial step in mucin breakdown. These data provide a significant advance in our knowledge of the mechanism of mucin breakdown by the normal microbiota. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the potential use of these enzymes as tools to explore changes in O-glycan structure in a number of intestinal disease states.
Mapping intersectional inequalities in biomarkers of healthy ageing and chronic disease in older English adults
Authors: Holman Daniel , Salway Sarah , Bell Andrew
Published: August 2020

Chronic diseases and their inequalities amongst older adults are a significant public health challenge. Prevention and treatment of chronic diseases will benefit from insight into which population groups show greatest risk. Biomarkers are indicators of the biological mechanisms underlying health and disease. We analysed disparities in a common set of biomarkers at the population level using English national data (n = 16,437). Blood-based biomarkers were HbA1c, total cholesterol and C-reactive protein. Non-blood biomarkers were systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate and body mass index. We employed an intersectionality perspective which is concerned with how socioeconomic, gender and ethnic disparities combine to lead to varied health outcomes. We find granular intersectional disparities, which vary by biomarker, with total cholesterol and HbA1c showing the greatest intersectional variation. These disparities were additive rather than multiplicative. Each intersectional subgroup has its own profile of biomarkers. Whilst the majority of variation in biomarkers is at the individual rather than intersectional level (i.e. intersections exhibit high heterogeneity), the average differences are potentially associated with important clinical outcomes. An intersectional perspective helps to shed light on how socio-demographic factors combine to result in differential risk for disease or potential for healthy ageing.
Wearable monitoring of sleep-disordered breathing: estimation of the apnea–hypopnea index using wrist-worn reflective photoplethysmography
Authors: Papini Gabriele B. , Fonseca Pedro , van Gilst Merel M. , Bergmans Jan W. M. , Vullings Rik , Overeem Sebastiaan
Published: August 2020

A large part of the worldwide population suffers from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a disorder impairing the restorative function of sleep and constituting a risk factor for several cardiovascular pathologies. The standard diagnostic metric to define OSA is the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), typically obtained by manually annotating polysomnographic recordings. However, this clinical procedure cannot be employed for screening and for long-term monitoring of OSA due to its obtrusiveness and cost. Here, we propose an automatic unobtrusive AHI estimation method fully based on wrist-worn reflective photoplethysmography (rPPG), employing a deep learning model exploiting cardiorespiratory and sleep information extracted from the rPPG signal trained with 250 recordings. We tested our method with an independent set of 188 heterogeneously disordered clinical recordings and we found it estimates the AHI with a good agreement to the gold standard polysomnography reference (correlation = 0.61, estimation error = 3±10 events/h). The estimated AHI was shown to reliably assess OSA severity (weighted Cohen’s kappa = 0.51) and screen for OSA (ROC–AUC = 0.84/0.86/0.85 for mild/moderate/severe OSA). These findings suggest that wrist-worn rPPG measurements that can be implemented in wearables such as smartwatches, have the potential to complement standard OSA diagnostic techniques by allowing unobtrusive sleep and respiratory monitoring.
Neutron diffraction analysis of stress and strain partitioning in a two-phase microstructure with parallel-aligned phases
Authors: Huang Qiuliang , Shi Ran , Muránsky Ondrej , Beladi Hossein , Kabra Saurabh , Schimpf Christian , Volkova Olena , Biermann Horst , Mola Javad
Published: August 2020

By time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction experiments, the influence of segregation-induced microstructure bands of austenite (γ) and martensite (α′ ) phases on the partitioning of stress and strain between these phases was investigated. Initially, tensile specimens of a Co-added stainless steel were heat treated by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processing. Tensile specimens were subsequently loaded at 350 °C parallel to the length of the bands within the apparent elastic limit of the phase mixture. Lattice parameters in both axial and transverse directions were simultaneously measured for both phases. The observation of a lattice expansion for the γ phase in the transverse direction indicated a constraint on the free transverse straining of γ arising from the banded microstructure. The lateral contraction of α′ imposed an interphase tensile microstress in the transverse direction of the γ phase. The multiaxial stress state developed in the γ phase resulted in a large deviation from the level of plastic strain expected for uniaxial loading of single phase γ. Since segregation-induced banded microstructures commonly occur in many engineering alloys, the analysis of stress and strain partitioning with the present Q&P steel can be used to interpret the observations made for further engineering alloys with two-phase microstructures.
Neurotrophic factors and target-specific retrograde signaling interactions define the specificity of classical and neuropeptide cotransmitter release at identified Lymnaea synapses
Authors: Getz Angela M. , Janes Tara A. , Visser Frank , Zaidi Wali , Syed Naweed I.
Published: August 2020

Many neurons concurrently and/or differentially release multiple neurotransmitter substances to selectively modulate the activity of distinct postsynaptic targets within a network. However, the molecular mechanisms that produce synaptic heterogeneity by regulating the cotransmitter release characteristics of individual presynaptic terminals remain poorly defined. In particular, we know little about the regulation of neuropeptide corelease, despite the fact that they mediate synaptic transmission, plasticity and neuromodulation. Here, we report that an identified Lymnaea neuron selectively releases its classical small molecule and peptide neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and FMRFamide-derived neuropeptides, to differentially influence the activity of distinct postsynaptic targets that coordinate cardiorespiratory behaviour. Using a combination of electrophysiological, molecular, and pharmacological approaches, we found that neuropeptide cotransmitter release was regulated by cross-talk between extrinsic neurotrophic factor signaling and target-specific retrograde arachidonic acid signaling, which converged on modulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3. In this context, we identified a novel role for the Lymnaea synaptophysin homologue as a specific and synapse-delimited inhibitory regulator of peptide neurotransmitter release. This study is among the first to define the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the differential release of cotransmitter substances from individual presynaptic terminals, which allow for context-dependent tuning and plasticity of the synaptic networks underlying patterned motor behaviour.
Transcriptional mutagenesis dramatically alters genome-wide p53 transactivation landscape
Authors: Liang Shuo , Ezerskyte Monika , Wang Jingwen , Pelechano Vicent , Dreij Kristian
Published: August 2020

The transcriptional error rate can be significantly increased by the presence of DNA lesions that instruct mis-insertion during transcription; a process referred to as transcriptional mutagenesis (TM) that can result in altered protein function. Herein, we determined the effect of O6-methylguanine (O6-meG) on transcription and subsequent transactivation activity of p53 in human lung H1299 cells. Levels of TM and effects on transactivation were determined genome wide by RNA-seq. Results showed that 47% of all p53 transcripts contained an uridine misincorporation opposite the lesion at 6 h post transfection, which was decreased to 18% at 24 h. TM at these levels reduced DNA binding activity of p53 to 21% and 80% compared to wild type p53, respectively. Gene expression data were analysed to identify differentially expressed genes due to TM of p53. We show a temporal repression of transactivation of > 100 high confidence p53 target genes including regulators of the cell cycle, DNA damage response and apoptosis. In addition, TM repressed the transcriptional downregulation by p53 of several negative regulators of proliferation and differentiation. Our work demonstrates that TM, even when restricting its effect to an individual transcription factor, has the potential to alter gene expression programs and diversify cellular phenotypes.
Population genetic variation characterization of the boreal tree Acer ginnala in Northern China
Authors: Ye Hang , Wu Jiahui , Wang Zhi , Hou Huimin , Gao Yue , Han Wei , Ru Wenming , Sun Genlou , Wang Yiling
Published: August 2020

Genetic diversity and differentiation are revealed particularly through spatio-temporal environmental heterogeneity. Acer ginnala, as a deciduous shrub/small tree, is a foundation species in many terrestrial ecosystems of Northern China. Owing to its increased use as an economic resource, this species has been in the vulnerability. Therefore, the elucidations of the genetic differentiation and influence of environmental factors on A. ginnala are very critical for its management and future utilization strategies. In this study, high genetic diversity and differentiation occurred in A. ginnala, which might be resulted from its pollination mechanism and species characteristics. Compared with the species level, relatively low genetic diversity was detected at the population level that might be the cause for its vulnerability. There was no significant relationship between genetic and geographical distances, while a significant correlation existed between genetic and environmental distances. Among nineteen climate variables, Annual Mean Temperature (bio1), Mean Diurnal Range (bio2), Isothermality (bio3), Temperature Seasonality (bio4), Precipitation of Wettest Month (bio13), Precipitation Seasonality (bio15), and Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (bio18) could explain the substantial levels of genetic variation (> 40%) in this species. The A. ginnala populations were isolated into multi-subpopulations by the heterogeneous climate conditions, which subsequently promoted the genetic divergence. Climatic heterogeneity played an important role in the pattern of genetic differentiation and population distribution of A. ginnala across a relatively wide range in Northern China. These would provide some clues for the conservation and management of this vulnerable species.
High accuracy machine learning identification of fentanyl-relevant molecular compound classification via constituent functional group analysis
Authors: Xu Mengyu , Wang Chun-Hung , Terracciano Anthony C. , Masunov Artem E. , Vasu Subith S.
Published: August 2020

Fentanyl is an anesthetic with a high bioavailability and is the leading cause of drug overdose death in the U.S. Fentanyl and its derivatives have a low lethal dose and street drugs which contain such compounds may lead to death of the user and simultaneously pose hazards for first responders. Rapid identification methods of both known and emerging opioid fentanyl substances is crucial. In this effort, machine learning (ML) is applied in a systematic manner to identify fentanyl-related functional groups in such compounds based on their observed spectral properties. In our study, accurate infrared (IR) spectra of common organic molecules which contain functional groups that are constituents of fentanyl is determined by investigating the structure–property relationship. The average accuracy rate of correctly identifying the functional groups of interest is 92.5% on our testing data. All the IR spectra of 632 organic molecules are from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database as the training set and are assessed. Results from this work will provide Artificial Intelligence (AI) based tools and algorithms increased confidence, which serves as a basis to detect fentanyl and its derivatives.
Wide-angle metamaterial absorber with highly insensitive absorption for TE and TM modes
Authors: Amiri Majid , Tofigh Farzad , Shariati Negin , Lipman Justin , Abolhasan Mehran
Published: August 2020

Being incident and polarization angle insensitive are crucial characteristics of metamaterial perfect absorbers due to the variety of incident signals. In the case of incident angles insensitivity, facing transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves affect the absorption ratio significantly. In this scientific report, a crescent shape resonator has been introduced that provides over 99% absorption ratio for all polarization angles, as well as 70% and 93% efficiencies for different incident angles up to $$\theta =80^{\circ }$$

θ
=

80
∘

for TE and TM polarized waves, respectively. Moreover, the insensitivity for TE and TM modes can be adjusted due to the semi-symmetric structure. By adjusting the structure parameters, the absorption ratio for TE and TM waves at $$\theta =80^{\circ }$$

θ
=

80
∘

has been increased to 83% and 97%, respectively. This structure has been designed to operate at 5 GHz spectrum to absorb undesired signals generated due to the growing adoption of Wi-Fi networks. Finally, the proposed absorber has been fabricated in a $$20 \times 20$$

20
×
20

array structure on FR-4 substrate. Strong correlation between measurement and simulation results validates the design procedure.
Pneumocephalus and air travel: an experimental investigation on the effects of aircraft cabin pressure on intracranial pressure
Authors: Lim Ee , Lan Boon Leong , Ooi Ean Hin , Low Hu Liang
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the effects of aircraft cabin pressure on intracranial pressure (ICP) elevation of a pneumocephalus patient. We propose an experimental setup that simulates the intracranial hydrodynamics of a pneumocephalus patient during flight. It consists of an acrylic box (skull), air-filled balloon [intracranial air (ICA)], water-filled balloon (cerebrospinal fluid and blood) and agarose gel (brain). The cabin was replicated using a custom-made pressure chamber. The setup can measure the rise in ICP during depressurization to levels similar to that inside the cabin at cruising altitude. ΔICP, i.e. the difference between mean cruising ICP and initial ICP, was found to increase with ICA volume and ROC. However, ΔICP was independent of the initial ICP. The largest ΔICP was 5 mmHg; obtained when ICA volume and ROC were 20 ml and 1,600 ft/min, respectively. The postulated ICA expansion and the subsequent increase in ICP in pneumocephalus patients during flight were successfully quantified in a laboratory setting. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the results, an ICA volume of 20 ml and initial ICP of 15 mmHg were recommended as conservative thresholds that are required for safe air travel among pneumocephalus patients. This study provides laboratory data that may be used by doctors to advise post-neurosurgical patients if they can safely fly.
Preliminary study of ultra-widefield peripheral retinal angiographic patterns in children and its association to the perinatal condition
Authors: Kim Jin Young , Choi Mi Young , Seo Eoi Jong , Lee Seungheon , Kim Ji Soo , Chae Ju Byung , Kim Dong Yoon , Kim June-Gone
Published: August 2020

This preliminary study analyzed the peripheral retinal vascular pattern in children, using ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography, and its association with perinatal conditions. Retrospective review was conducted examining the fluorescein angiographic findings of children with amblyopia (January 2017 to December 2018). We categorized the peripheral vascular patterns into two groups: loop and branching patterns. We investigated differences in these patterns, according to the perinatal condition. Thirty children (9.27 ± 3.41 years old; 47.67% male) were included. An equal number of children had the loop or branching pattern (15:15). The gestational age (GA) in the loop group was significantly shorter than the branching group (32.92 ± 5.62 vs. 36.67 ± 5.63 weeks, p = 0.04). The birth weight of the loop group was significantly lower than the branching group (2.00 ± 1.03 vs. 2.72 ± 0.93 kg, p = 0.03). Gender, age, delivery-type, and visual acuity, were not different between the groups. Lower birth weight and shorter GA were observed in children with the loop pattern. The difference in peripheral retinal vascular patterns, according to birth weight and GA, might be due to the development of immature retinal vessels at birth.
Polyaniline/Ag nanoparticles/graphene oxide nanocomposite fluorescent sensor for recognition of chromium (VI) ions
Authors: Ebrahim Shaker , Shokry Azza , Khalil M. M. A. , Ibrahim Hesham , Soliman Moataz
Published: August 2020

Selective determination of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a stringent important due to its huge negative impact on the health and environment. Recently, the high sensitivity, rapidness, and cost-effectiveness of the fluorescent sensors for Cr(VI) have been developed. A fluorescent nanocomposite (NC) has been synthesized based on doped polyaniline (PANI), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPSA) capped Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and graphene oxide (GO) quantum dots (QDs) via in situ reaction for highly selective sensing of Cr(VI) ions based on the luminescent quenching in the range from 0.01 to 7.5 mg/L. This NC showed an emission peak at 348 nm with a linear range from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/L and the low limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0065 mg/L (~ 6 µg/L). PANI/Ag (AMPSA) GO QDs NC displayed high selectivity for Cr(VI) over other common metal ions. Notably, the PANI/Ag (AMPSA) GO QDs NC can be used for distinguishing Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in solutions. The sensitive determination of Cr(VI) in real surface water samples was also confirmed and demonstrated recoveries in the range 95.3–99.2%. This NC will emerge as a new class of fluorescence materials that could be suitable for practical applications.
Determination of copper ions in herbal medicine based on click chemistry using an electronic balance as a readout
Authors: Wu Shuihua , Cheng Weiqing , Li Zhixin , Luo Fang , Guo Longhua , Qiu Bin , Lin Zhenyu
Published: August 2020

Electronic balance is one of the most commonly used equipment in nearly all laboratories. In this study, a simple method had been developed to detect copper ions in herbal medicine using electronic balance as readout device based on click chemistry.
Immune-modulatory alginate protects mesenchymal stem cells for sustained delivery of reparative factors to ischemic myocardium
Authors: Ghanta Ravi K. , Aghlara-Fotovat Samira , Pugazenthi Aarthi , Ryan Christopher T. , Singh Vivek P. , Mathison Megumi , Jarvis Maria I. , Mukherjee Sudip , Hernandez Andrea , Veiseh Omid
Published: August 2020

Immune modulatory alginate encapsulation platform can be used in the pericardial space to provide enhanced therapeutic efficacy to the heart.
Tranylcypromine specificity for monoamine oxidase is limited by promiscuous protein labelling and lysosomal trapping
Authors: Drechsel Jonas , Kyrousi Christina , Cappello Silvia , Sieber Stephan A.
Published: August 2020

Chemical proteomics and cellular imaging reveal lysosomal trapping of tranylcypromine which can be largely reverted by the addition of lysosomotropic drugs.
Synthesis of a porphyrin with histidine-like chelate: an efficient path towards molecular PDT/SPECT theranostics
Authors: Yap Steven Y. , Savoie Huguette , Renard Isaline , Burke Benjamin P. , Sample Harry C. , Michue-Seijas Saul , Archibald Stephen J. , Boyle Ross W. , Stasiuk Graeme J.
Published: August 2020

“Click” chemistry was utilised to synthesis multifunctional theranostic drugs with therapeutic, diagnostic, and prostate-cancer targeting capabilities, paving a path towards “personalised” medicine ultimately improving patients' quality of life.
Observation of three different linker conformers in a scandium ferrocenedicarboxylate coordination polymer
Authors: Benecke Jannik , Svensson Grape Erik , Engesser Tobias A. , Inge A. Ken , Reinsch Helge
Published: August 2020

In the coordination polymer CAU-50 based on 1,1′-ferrocenedicarboxylate and scandium, three different conformers of the same linker molecule are observed.
Interface-tuned Mo-based nanospheres for efficient oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution catalysis
Authors: Li Qingyu , Kong Dingding , Yang Guanhua , Cai Yezheng , Pan Qichang , Zheng Fenghua , Ma Zhaoling , Wang Hongqiang
Published: August 2020

Developing earth-abundant materials for efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysis in both alkaline and acidic media is of significance for hydrogen fuel cell application.
Correction: Multimodal X-ray microanalysis of a UFeO4 particle: evidence for the environmental stability of ternary U(v) oxides from depleted uranium munitions testing
Authors: Crean Daniel E. , Stennett Martin C. , Livens Francis R. , Grolimund Daniel , Borca Camelia N. , Hyatt Neil C.
Published: August 2020

Correction for ‘Multimodal X-ray microanalysis of a UFeO4 particle: evidence for the environmental stability of ternary U(v) oxides from depleted uranium munitions testing’ by Daniel E. Crean et al., Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0em00243g.
Sensing of perfluorinated compounds using a functionalized tricolor upconversion nanoparticle based fluorescence sensor array
Authors: Yin Mingyuan , Che Lihua , Jiang Shizheng , Deng Qiliang , Wang Shuo
Published: August 2020

Detection and identification of perfluorinated compounds (PFCPs) plays a crucial role in environmental monitoring, food safety and public health.
One step sample treatment and loading using a deep eutectic solvent immobilized in a porous substrate for thermal ionization mass spectrometry of Pu(iv) ions
Authors: Shah Raju V. , Pandey Ashok K. , Kumar S. Jagadish , Paul Sumana , Rao Radhika M. , Jaison P. G.
Published: August 2020

A deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of a 2 : 1 molar mixture of undecanoic acid and tetraheptylammonium bromide was immobilized in poly(propylene) membrane for the selective preconcentration of Pu for TIMS analysis with the good analytical merits.
Green synthesis of hierarchical carbon coupled with Fe3O4/Fe2C as an efficient catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Ling , Fan Lili , Yang Pu , Li Mengfei , Zhang Haobing , Tang Yucheng , Kang Zixi , Guo Hailing , Wang Rongming , Sun Daofeng
Published: August 2020

A hierarchical carbon-based material was synthesized through grinding by employing a metal salt as both the template and metal source for catalyzing the ORR.
Boosting the performance of NO2 gas sensors based on n–n type mesoporous ZnO@In2O3 heterojunction nanowires: in situ conducting probe atomic force microscopic elucidation of room temperature local electron transport
Authors: Vishnuraj Ramakrishnan , Karuppanan Karthikeyan K. , Aleem Mahaboobbatcha , Pullithadathil Biji
Published: August 2020

This study emphasis on the effect of n–n heterojunctions in ZnO@In2O3 nanowires on boosting NO2 sensing properties and elucidate the local electron transport properties during sensing process at room-temperature by in situ Conducting Probe Atomic Force Microscopy.
Fractal structures and silica films formed by the Treignac water on inert and biological surfaces
Authors: Smith Agnès , Abir Fatima Zahra , El Hafiane Youssef , Launay Yann , Faugeron-Girard Céline , Gloaguen Vincent , Devers Thierry , Raynaud Anaïs , Moine Charlotte , Sainte-Laudy Jean , Latour Thibaud , Hausman Jean-Francois , Guerriero Gea
Published: August 2020

The Treignac water forms fractal structures on an inert surface which derive from the condensation of orthosilicic acid and cannot be mimicked by a laboratory-reconstituted water.
Tuning uracil derivatives for the AIE-based detection of pyrene at a nano-molar level: single-crystal X-ray structure and DFT support
Authors: Banerjee Mahuya , Ghosh Milan , Ta Sabyasachi , Ghosh Subhasis , Das Debasis
Published: August 2020

Single crystal X-ray structurally characterized azo-uracil derivative (L) is explored for the selective detection of pyrene via aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with 99-fold fluorescence enhancement.
Homogeneous nanodiscs of native membranes formed by stilbene–maleic-acid copolymers
Authors: Esmaili Mansoore , Brown Chanelle J. , Shaykhutdinov Rustem , Acevedo-Morantes Claudia , Wang Yong Liang , Wille Holger , Gandour Richard D. , Turner S. Richard , Overduin Michael
Published: August 2020

Methylstilbene-alt-maleic acid copolymers spontaneously convert biological membranes into bilayer discs with ∼20 nm diameters.
Patience is a virtue: self-assembly and physico-chemical properties of cellulose nanocrystal allomorphs
Authors: Delepierre Gwendoline , Eyley Samuel , Thielemans Wim , Weder Christoph , Cranston Emily D. , Zoppe Justin O.
Published: August 2020

The self-assembly behavior of CNCs from cellulose II is different than cellulose I, despite having similar shape, surface charge density and a right-handed twist. Longer pitch chiral nematic liquid crystals formed but over much longer time periods.
Cu-Catalysed synthesis of benzo[f]indole-2,4,9(3H)-triones by the reaction of 2-amino-1,4-napthoquinones with α-bromocarboxylates
Authors: Yang Fazhou , Liu Ziyan , Liu Hao , Shangguan Yu , Deng Hao , Huang Jiaxing , Xiao Yumei , Guo Hongchao , Zhang Cheng
Published: August 2020

Cu-Catalysed oxidant-free cascade ester amidation/radical cyclization of 2-amino-1,4-napthoquinones with α-bromocarboxylates to afford benzo[f]indole-2,4,9(3H)-triones.
An insight into the structure, composition and hardness of a biological material: the shell of freshwater mussels
Authors: Chakraborty Anupam , Parveen Saida , Chanda Dipak Kr. , Aditya Gautam
Published: August 2020

Freshwater mussel shells: prospects as multifunctional biological material.
From inverse sandwich Ta2B7+ and Ta2B8 to spherical trihedral Ta3B12−: prediction of the smallest metallo-borospherene
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhao Xiao-Yun , Yan Miao , Li Si-Dian
Published: August 2020

Structural transition from inverse sandwich Ta2B7+ (1) and Ta2B8 (2) with σ + π dual aromaticity to the smallest metallo-borospherene D3h Ta3B12− (3) which is σ + π + δ triply aromatic in nature.
Recent advancements in g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction: a mini review
Authors: Liu Runlu , Chen Zhixin , Yao Yao , Li Yao , Cheema Waqas A. , Wang Dawei , Zhu Shenmin
Published: August 2020

g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Atomic engineering of single-atom nanozymes for enzyme-like catalysis
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Huang Liang , Wang Erkang , Dong Shaojun
Published: August 2020

Single-atom nanozymes with definite active centers, high catalytic activities and enzyme-like selectivities promote the nanozyme research entering a new period of atomic level.
Effects of fluoro substitutions and electrostatic interactions on the self-assembled structures and hydrogelation of tripeptides: tuning the mechanical properties of co-assembled hydrogels
Authors: Saddik Abdelreheem Abdelfatah , Chakravarthy Rajan Deepan , Mohammed Mohiuddin , Lin Hsin-Chieh
Published: August 2020

A series of FFK tripeptides capped with phenylacetic acid of various fluoro-substitutions at the N-terminus has been synthesized and examined for self-assembly under aqueous conditions.
Strategies for Increasing Counseling Competencies Among Audiology Graduate Clinicians: A Viewpoint
Authors: Whicker John J.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This article aimed to review and discuss relevant literature regarding counseling training strategies among audiology graduate clinicians.

Conclusions

From the literature, five studies have explored the effectiveness of specific counseling training strategies among audiology graduate clinicians. Evidence regarding the strength of the training strategies used is minimal, and future research is warranted to define counseling in audiology in a way that is tangible and measurable.