bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Currency Design in the Socio-Historical Context
Authors: Shtalenkova Kseniya I.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this article is to show the dynamics of currency design in a socio-historical context, from antique coins to electronic payment transactions. Currency design visualizes the symbolic features of exchange depending on the types of money circulating in certain historical periods. Therefore, the visual aspect of money is important here, which at the level of the visible concerns the material features of money, and at the level of the visual characterizes the specifics of representations used in currency design. It is crucial to analyze the relationship between the visible and the visual in currency design from the point of its functionality, which makes it possible to conceptualize money not as an object, but as a process approached through the material and political systems that create and control money. Hence, currency design highlights the perspective of multidisciplinary potential of money as an object of research, which can be assessed without separating economics from cultural significance. Using the concept of evidence by M. Engelke, this article analyzes the symbolic complex of money functions in the context of the ideological implications shifting with the transformations of currency design. In addition, money is classified according to its visual typology, which demonstrates, in the process of dematerialization, the changes in the symbolic aspect of exchange, which stimulates restructuring of social relations. It may seem that in the conditions of digitalization, social relations are simplified, becoming more free and transparent as once the money becomes invisible, the possibility of ideological manipulation through currency design is vanishing. But, in reality, social relations acquire a more complex and asymmetric features, since the power that controls money not only becomes invisible and, as a result, elusive, but transfuses the very processes associated with the functioning of money.
The Main Value Vectors of Solidarity of LGBTQ+ Scene with Other Activist Groups
Authors: Onegina Elena V.
Published: September 2020

The conservative ideology influences the life scenario of LGBTQ+ people by pushing them out of the public sphere and controlling the private sphere of their lives. At the same time, over the past three years, online projects about and for LGBTQ+ people and communities have been actively developing, gaining popularity and support. LGBTQ+ scene is a decentralized space of various initiatives, organizations, and independent activists. The participants of the scene are fighting against gender and sexual-based discrimination by organizing protests, educational projects, and other activities. The empirical basis of the study is 20 interviews involving LGBTQ people.The LGBTQ+ scene is constituted through a reflexive, often conflicting discussion of issues that have fundamental importance for the community such as status of sexuality, public actions, power, and hierarchy, as well as new sexual and gender identities.The person engaging in activism on an individual level not only chooses a form of participation (professional work, volunteering, or independent activity), but also the direction of activity within the community or outside it. The core of the scene is set by active individuals and groups, the periphery and borders are supported by passive participants and opponents of the LGBTQ+ scene. The article examines the relationship of solidarity of LGBTQ + scene participants with other initiatives, or rather, what values serve as the basis for the formation of intergroup solidarity. KEYWORDS:
Health as a Resource of Social Adaptation of Workers in Modern Russia. Part I
Authors: Karakhanova Tatiana M. , Bessokirnaya Galina P. , Bolshakova Olga A.
Published: September 2020

In the article the authors defined the health as the most important source for social adaptation for workers in changing society. This analysis has been based on the data from Russian recurring survey of population wellbeing and health conducted from 1994 to 2018 and the research conducted at the production plants in 5 cities of Russia from 2003 to 2020. In the first part of article there was demonstrated that some growth of people self-ratings for health situation has been revealed within rather long period of time. However since 2016–2018 this trend changed the direction and self-ratings have been going down both for men and women. The major share of workers considers their health situation as average (not good, not bad). In addition, the female self-ratings are lower than for male since 2000s and continue to decrease. At the same time there is some growth of value of health among other values of life. The article compares real time use in dependency of self-rating for health condition, its gender difference and direction in actual adaptation via utilizing of time for different activities. It was found out that despite the men more than women experience tension from lack of adaptation resources in the sphere of job (paid work) and household activities, their behavior does not prove existence of this tension in reality. In the sphere of recovery for physical force there can be admitted some signs of antagonism between need for full and complete rest and need for adaptation to external requirements in reality.
Strategies of Adaptation to Different Types of Risks
Authors: Mozgovaya Alla V.
Published: September 2020

The risks of everyday life differ both from acute risks that harshly intrude into the usual way of life, and from risks, let’s say, projected, potential. The starting point in the article is that strategies, methods, and resources that are activated to adapt to different types of risk have differences. The author exposes the empirical testing of the idea that in addition to the subjective significance of damage, the choice of strategies for adaptation to various types of risk can be influenced by certain components of the system of life orientation of the individual. The empirical base of the analysis consists of data from representative surveys of the population of three territorial communities. The results of a comparative analysis of the components of the orientation system in social reality and the type of rationality of representatives of the three strategies of adaptation (“observers”, “fighters”, “runaways”) to everyday, potential, actual (acute) risks are summarized. The General conclusion from the analysis of empirical data is that in the presence of “random” differences, stable, statistically reliable values of a number of factors are certainly observed, which can be unambiguously interpreted as determinants of the choice of strategy for adaptation to a particular type of risk. This analysis serves as a justification for the author’s concept of life orientation
Employment in Personal Subsidiary Farms of the South Russian Regions: Results of the Study
Authors: Namrueva Ludmila V.
Published: September 2020

In modern conditions of new threats that destabilize social interaction, it is necessary to search for those factors that restore its stability of social interaction and increase the food security of society. One of them, in our opinion, is the economic patterns that traditionally exist in rural society. This article discusses one of the rural economic systems-personal subsidiary farms, which not only preserve rural territories, but also continue to provide the population with food, provide a decent level of income for the rural population, contributing to the solution of many life problems. The author analyzes the results of a sociological study conducted in the fall of 2018 in four southern Russian regions – the Republic of Kalmykia, the Astrakhan and Volgograd regions, and the Stavropol territory. This is the first large – scale study of rural diversity in the South of Russia. The author analyzes employment in the family-consumer mode, which characterizes the process of reforming the agro-industrial complex and the ongoing structural changes in the agricultural labor market. The questionnaire survey showed that in southern Russian villages, the family-consumer mode (personal subsidiary farms) has not lost its dominance, despite the emergence of such a strong actor as peasant farms, representing the family-business mode and supported by the state. Employment in private farms is primarily due to their economic resources, specialization, including different levels of marketability. The study showed that there is a significant part of the owners who are ready to expand their production, despite the existing difficulties in the socio-economic development of the country, region, or specific village.
Conditionality of Decisions of the Voter by his Position in Social Networks
Authors: Sadowski Ireneusz
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to theoretical and empirical political choice, socially determined behaviour of the electorate in Poland. The author considers the problem of the influence of the voter’s environment through the prism of taking into account variables relating to group identity and social status in society. The research is based on the method of diachronic analysis of the process of synchronization of beliefs of different party electorates during voting. With the help of representative data, the hypothesis that actors operating in multi-level networks cannot be considered outside their interdependence is approved and scientifically substantiated. The results obtained encourage the search for further confirmation of these conclusions, especially taking into account the following relevant variables.
Graduates of Russian Universities in the Labor Market (Data from the Rosstat Survey)
Authors: Cherednichenko Galina A.
Published: September 2020

The materials from a representative survey of Rosstat in 2016 of higher education graduates in 2010–2015 allowed to analyze the processes of their employment. Almost ½ worked during the education that provided advantages in employment. After graduation, 2/3 searched for work and found it relatively quickly, using most often social networks; 1/3 were not busy looking for work, of which ¼ had a provided job. Imbalances between the structure of supply and the structure of demand in the labor market led to the fact that about 1/3 of graduates got a job that did not related to their field of study; more likely ones from fields that generate more general human capital (social sciences, business, law) – on the contrary, for specific human capital (medicine, computer science). Besides, more than a 1/3 of graduates acquired occupational statuses that do not require higher education; the mismatches “job – field of study” significantly worsened this situation. HE graduates had higher employment and lower unemployment compared to SVE graduates; and the differences in average salaries between them were significantly smaller than for all employees with similar levels of education. The beginning of a career evens out the differences in average salaries of HE graduates who have received different statuses.
Overcoming Barriers in Education: Research and Social Practice
Authors: Konstantinovskiy David L.
Published: September 2020

The paper discusses the socio-cultural, economic, territorial, and other barriers in the educational sphere and the possibilities of overcoming them. The first part presents the results of research carried out on national empirical data from the 1960s to the present. The significant impact of barriers on the formation of educational and professional careers of young people is shown. It is noted that overcoming barriers becomes possible if the family has the resources to get over them; otherwise, children are forced to adjust their intentions by lowering their demands for education. The second part of the article analyzes the experience of several low-resource schools with students from low-status families. That schools undertake targeted efforts to help students overcome barriers. The teachers and management of these schools use special strategies for their work. Pedagogical measures are a significant part of these strategies; however, complex social conditions require a response by means of social measures. The most important is the formation of the motivation of all participants in the educational process. As a result of the school’s efforts, academic performance is improved, students’ intentions for further education are growing, their understanding of educational and professional careers, on the possibilities of social mobility are expanding. Changing orientations associated with building a life path is taking place. Examination of the experience of the social practice of these schools makes it possible to conclude: their activity manifests itself as a powerful resource that schools provides to families when they do not have the opportunity to overcome barriers. This resource can increase not only the potential of the educational organization but also the life chances of students, helping them no less effective than other types of resources are able to do it.
Ethnic Identity in the Social Dimension
Authors: Ryzhova Svetlana V.
Published: September 2020

The level of ethnic identity, the measure of its actualization, and the nature of ethnic attitudes that reflect the attitude of Russians to the ethno-cultural diversity of public space are considered on the basis of data from representative national research and researches in Tatarstan and Sacha (Yakutia). It is concluded that the high values of ethnic identity and the ethnic solidarity (formed on its basis) indicate the most important role of culture in the formation of all-Russian unity. The actualization of ethnic identity and interest in protecting ethnic and cultural diversity vary at the Federal districts: the highest values were obtained in the North Caucasus Federal district. Also, the risks of possible inter-ethnic and inter-religious tensions in the North Caucasus Federal district are perceived more acutely than in the Russian Federation on average. Orientations that recognize the right of all Russian peoples to state support for their cultures and religions are very widely represented, but at the same time alternative orientations that are aimed at priority support for the culture and religion of the Russian majority are also supported in public opinion. Research shows the trend of participation of ethnic identity of Russians in the formation of state-civil unity; there is a consensus in the society in the field of interethnic relations. Along with the actualization of ethnic identity, all-Russians have a high level of ethnic tolerance; however, violations of justice against the people or faith can be a destabilizing factor in inter-ethnic relations.
THE EFFECT OF LEARNING TEACHNIQUES AND SELF CONFIDENCE TOWARD TO STUDENTS' SPEAKING SKILL IN INDONESIANDISCUSSION (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE 17TH NATIONAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS PALEMBANG)
Authors: Indrawati Sri Wahyu , Emzir Emzir , Lustyantie Ninuk
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of learning techniques and self confidence of students' speaking skills in Indonesian discussion. This research was conducted on the students of the 107th class of the 17th National Senior High School Palembang in 2017 by using factorial experimental design technique 2 x 2. Type of research conducted is experiment technique analysis which was used Analysis of variance (ANAVA) two ways at level of significance 0,05.The results of this study indicated that mind mapping techniques were more effective than problem-based learning techniques, and then there was an interaction effect betweenStudents' speaking skill in Indonesian discussions by using mind mapping technique and students learning by using problem-based techniques, probability values â€‹â€‹M_learning (0.795) Ë‚0.05. The mean value of learning with mind mapping technique is greater than the average value of learning with problem-based technique (84.89) Ë‚ (80.89).
Norma Komponen Pembibitan Olahraga Anak Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Usia 10 Sampai 12 Tahun Se-Kabupaten Tulungagung
Authors: Wijayanto Adi , Susanto Susanto
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan batasan nilai atau norma untuk komponen pembibitan olahraga pada anak madrasah ibtidaiyah dengan rentang nilai 10 hingga 12 tahun baik dalam bentuk komponen antropometrik maupun fisik. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Deskriptif Kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI se-kabupaten Tulungagung. Waktu penelitian adalah 4 bulan sejak bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2018. Subyek penelitian yang digunakan sebagai responden dalam kegiatan penelitian norma BITRAGAMI adalah anak) kelas atas dengan usia 10 sampai 12 tahun, siswa dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa MI mulai kelas empat hingga kelas enam yang diambil secara simple random sampling. Tinggi badan pada jenis kelamin laki-laki maupun perempuan pada setiap tingkatan usia mengalami kenaikan secara rata-rata disetiap jenjang. Berat badan serta jenis kelamin laki-laki maupun perempuan pada setiap tingkatan usia mengalami kenaikan secara rata-rata disetiap jenjang, rata-rata berat badan secara keseluruhan adalah 44,3 kg. Kemampuan lempar tangkap bola tenis selalu mengalami kenaikan dengan range data 17,5 kali hingga rata-rata 33,7 kali dalam satu menit. Kemampuan lempar bola basket jenis kelamin laki-laki mulai usia 10-12 tahun secara rata-rata lebih baik dari pada jenis kelamin perempuan dengan rata secara keseluruhan 3,5 meter. Kemampuan lempar tangkap bola tenis. Secara keseluruhan rata-rata kemampuan loncat tegak adalah 24,87 sentimeter. Rata -rata kemampuan lari kelincahan adalah 19,6 detik. Secara keseluruhan rata-rata kemampuan lari multi fitness test adalah 5,52.
PERSEPSI SISWA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN AKTIVITAS AIR
Authors: Yunus Khaerudin , Abdul Gani Ruslan , Ratri Julianti Rekha
Published: September 2020

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar persepsi siswa kelas VIII terhadap pembelajaran aktivitas air di SMP Negeri 4 Cikarang Barat karena siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 4 Cikarang Barat sudah menempuh pembelajaran aktivitas air namun belum pernah adanya penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode yang digunakan yaitu metode survei. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah angket. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 4 Cikarang Barat yang berjumlah 341 siswa. Teknik pengampilan sampel mengunakan teknik probability sampling dengan teknik simple random sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 78 siswa yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa persepsi sebanyak 13 siswa atau (17%) dalam kategori sangat baik, sebanyak 28 siswa atau (36%) dalam kategori baik, sebanyak 25 siswa atau (32%) dalam kategori cukup, sebanyak 12 siswa atau (15%) dalam kategori kurang baik.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR GERAK DASAR MELEMPAR DENGAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL PADA SISWA KELAS III SDN 03 JELAMBAR BARU JAKARTA BARAT
Authors: YUSMAWATI YUSMAWATI , Rihatno Taufik , Rismawanti Rismawanti
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar melempar dengan media audio visual. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas III A SDN 03 Jelambar Baru Jakarta Barat yang terdiri dari 30 siswa. Metode yang digunakan  yaitu metode Penelitian Action Research, yakni dengan memberi tindakan khusus kepada subjek untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar gerak dasar melempar melalui media audio visual. Hasil penelitian,  yaitu melalui metode penelitian tindakan dengan menggunkan alat bantu belajar audio visual dapat meingkatkan hasil belajar gerak dasar melempar pada siswa kelas III SDN 03 Jelambar Baru Jakarta Barat, hal ini terlihat dari tingkat kelulusan subjek dari tes awal berjumlah 10 siswa atau presentase 33,3% sedangkan 20 siswa atau presentase 66,7% belum mencapai nilai kelulusan. Setelah melakukan tindakan siklus kedua hasil kelulusan meningkat signifikan semua siswa sudah dapat melakukan tahapan gerak dasar melempar dengan benar, kelulusan pada tes terakir berjumlah 30 siswa atau presentase 100%.
METODE PEMANASAN MODIFIKASI MEMPERPENDEK WAKTU TEMPUH RENANG GAYA BEBAS 50 METER
Authors: Rachma Zulfata  , Bambang Purwanto  , Harlina
Published: September 2020

Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi waktu tempuh renang yaitu metode pemanasan yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan prosedur pemanasan standar dengan modifikasi pada renang gaya bebas 50 meter terhadap waktu tempuh renang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu eksperimen lapangan dengan rancangan pretest – posttest same sample design. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 26 altet renang Sidoarjo Aquatic Club (SAC) menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan membagi kelompok dengan random sampling. Waktu tempuh yaitu melalui tes renang gaya bebas 50 meter. Metode standar yaitu (swim, kick, drill, swim), sedangkan metode modifikasi yaitu  (swim, drill, kick, swim). Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah pemberian metode pemanasan modifikasi (p<0,05). Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah metode pemanasan modifikasi memperpendek waktu tempuh renang gaya bebas 50 meter.
Disparities in Urban and Rural Dwelling Adolescents' Educational Needs for Obesity Prevention in Nigeria
Authors: Zibima Soupriye B. , Wasini Kenneth B. , Oniso Juliet I.
Published: September 2020

Background and Objectives:

Obesity has increased in recent times and has attained an epidemic status worldwide, incuding in Nigeria. Prevalence of obesity rises during adolescence and prevention is advantageous. However, it is unknown whether rural and urban dwelling adolescents in Bayelsa State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria have the requisite knowledge needed to prevent obesity. The objective of this study was to determine the educational needs of urban and rural dwelling adolescents for obesity prevention.

Methods:

The study was a school-based cross-sectional survey, and employed multistage sampling technique to select six secondary schools across the three senatorial districts of the state. An adapted and validated sub-scaled obesity knowledge questionnaire was used to obtain data from 2,304 secondary school students. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used for data analysis.

Results:

The total number of urban male students and rural male students was 576 (25.00%). The total number of urban female students and rural female students was also 576 (25.00%). The sample mean age of participants was 16.77 (SD±79), and those aged 16 years 1,043 (45.27%) were the largest portion of the sample. Generally, 756 (32.81%) of the participants had good knowledge of obesity. Specifically, subscale analysis showed that 622 (27.00%) participants had good knowledge of risk factors for obesity; 519 (22.53%) had good knowledge of complications of obesity; 659 (28.60%) had good knowledge of prevention for obesity; and 653 (28.34%) had good knowledge of meaning/assessment of obesity. Difference in mean score between urban (M= 3.80, SD = 0.44) and rural residents (M = 3.72, SD = 0.43; t = 4.63, p = 0.00, 2-tailed) was significant.

Conclusion and Implications for Translation:

Adolescents' knowledge regarding obesity is generally inadequate, especially in rural areas. Adolescents need education to acquire fundamental knowledge of the meaning/assessment, risk factors, prevention, and complications of obesity for prevention.
Adaptive Immune Responses Mediated Age-related Plasmodium yoelii 17XL and 17XNL Infections in 4 and 8-week-old BALB/c Mice
Authors: Wang Qiu-bo , Du Yun-ting , Liu Fei , Sun Xiao-dan , Sun Xun , Chen Guang , Pang Wei , Cao Yaming
Published: September 2020

Backgroud: As the quest to eradicate malaria continues, it is important to clarify the opposite clinical outcomes between childhood and adulthood. The relationship between adaptive immune response and age-related malaria infection remains unknown. Methods: 4 and 8-week-old mice were used to mimic childhood and adulthood, respectively. Parasitemia and the survival rate were monitored. The proportion and function of Th1 and Th2 cells were detected by FACS. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and Plasmodium yoelii MSP-1-specific IgG were measured by ELISA. Results: Our results found that childhood mice were more susceptible to P. yoelii 17XNL infection, with lower survival rate and higher parasitemia. The adult group showed greater resistance to P. yoelii 17XL infection, with lower parasitemia. Compared with 4-week-old mice, the percentage of CD4+T-bet+IFN-γ+ Th1 cells as well as IFN-γ production were significantly increased on day 5 p.i. in the 8-week-old mice after P. yoelii 17XNL infection. The percentage of CD4+GATA3+IL-4+ Th2 cells and CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh cells, and IL-4 production in the 8-week-old mice significantly increased on day 5 and day 10 after P. yoelii 17XNL infection. Notably, the levels of total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and P. yoelii MSP-1-specific IgG were also significantly increased in the 8-week-old mice. PD-1, a marker of exhaustion, was up-regulated on CD4+ or activated CD4+ T cells in the 8-week-old mice as compared to the 4-week-old group. Conclusions: Thus, we consider that enhanced cellular and humoral adaptive immunity might contribute to rapid clearance of malaria among adults, likely in a PD-1-dependent manner due to induction of CD4+ T cells exhaustion in P. yoelii 17XNL infected 8-week-old mice.
Lipid metabolism gene-wide profile and survival signature of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Jinyou , Li Qiang , Su Zhenyu , Sun Qi , Zhao Yong , Feng Tienan , Jiang Jiayuan , Ma Haitao , Zhang Feng
Published: September 2020

Background: Lung cancer has high morbidity and mortality across the globe, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histologic subtype. Disordered lipid metabolism is related to the development of cancer. Analysis of lipid-related transcriptome helps shed light on the diagnosis and prognostic biomarkers of LUAD. Methods: In this study, expression analysis of 1045 lipid metabolism-related genes was performed between LUAD tumors and normal tissues derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD) cohort. The interaction network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was constructed to identify the hub genes. The association between hub genes and overall survival (OS) was evaluated and formed a model to predict the prognosis of LUAD using a nomogram. The model was validated by another cohort, GSE13213. Results: A total of 217 lipid metabolism-related DEGs were detected in LUAD. Genes were significantly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolic process, and eicosanoid signaling. Through network analysis and cytoHubba, 6 hub genes were identified, including INS, LPL, HPGDS, DGAT1, UGT1A6, and CYP2C9. High expression of CYP2C9, UGT1A6, and INS, and low expressions of DGAT1, HPGDS, and LPL, were associated with worse overall survival for 1925 LUAD patients. The model showed that the high-risk score group had a worse OS, and the validated cohort showed the same result.Conclusions: In this study, a signature of 6 lipid metabolism genes was constructed, which was significantly associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD patients. Thus, the gene signature can be used as a biomarker for LUAD.
CCL2 affects fat metabolism in liver regeneration by regulating ADRP expression
Authors: XING XUEKUN , WAN HUI , ZHAO LAN
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to elucidate the effect of chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) on fat metabolism in liver regeneration. CCL2 shRNA expression plasmids were constructed and transfected into rats using hydraulic transgenic technology. Transfection efficiency was measured using a fluorescence microscope. We also measured serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to test liver functioning. The weights of regenerative livers were recorded and the liver index was calculated. We used immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of PCNA, and used western blot to measure expression levels of adipose differentiation related protein (ADRP). After transfection of pGenesil-1.0-ccl2 into the liver, expression levels of green fluorescent protein were 35% at 6 h, and the liver index as well as levels of ALT, AST, PCNA, and ADRP were all lower than those in the group that underwent partial hepatectomy. We conclude that CCL2 may affect fat metabolism in liver regeneration by inhibiting the expression of ADRP.
Toxicity level of the tulathromycin on BHK cell culture and the effect on infective titers of foot and mouth disease viruses
Authors: GULYAZ VELI , OZBILGE BANU BAYRI , TASCENE NESLIHAN , YILMAZ SUKRAN , GULTEKIN YASEMIN , OZTAP GONCA , HASOKSUZ MUSTAFA
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of tulathromycin (macrolide antibiotic) on BHK-21 An30 cells and to determine the effect on FMD (Serotypes; A/TUR/11, O/TUR/07, Asia-1/TUR/15) virus propagation in vitro. In the result of MTT tests and cell culture studies, the non-toxic upper concentration of the tulathromycin limit for BHK-21 An30 cell culture was determined as 30 µg/ml in terms of cell morphologies and numbers. The mean FMD 146S virus particle values produced in BHK-21 An30 cell cultures containing 30 µg/ml of tulathromycin were found to be 0.47, 0.57 and 0.25 µg/ml; the mean infective titer determined as 107.03, 106.23 and 107.40 pfu/ml for A/TUR/11, O/TUR/07 and Asia-1/TUR/15, respectively. In the FMD virus cultures produced with medium containing penicillin-streptomycin, the mean values of 146S virus particles were determined to be A/TUR/11, O/TUR/07 and the Asia-1/TUR/15 serotypes were 0.50, 0.55, and 0.32 µg/ml, respectively, while the mean infective titers were 107.46, 106.62 and 107.73 pfu/ml, respectively. As a result, it was concluded that tulathromycin can be used as an antibiotic up to 30 µg/ml in a BHK-21 An30 cell culture and in the production media of the FMD virus A, O, and Asia-1 serotypes.
Berberine Exerts Anti-cancer Activity by Modulating Adenosine Monophosphate- Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/ Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) Signaling Pathways
Authors: Huang Jin , Feng Wei , Li Shanshan , Tang Huiling , Qin Siru , Li Wei , Gong Yinan , Fang Yuxin , Liu Yangyang , Wang Shenjun , Guo Yi , Xu Zhifang , Shen Qian
Published: September 2020

Background:

The antagonistic relationship between adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
(AMPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling play a vital role in cancer
development. The anti-cancer effects of berberine have been reported as a main component of the traditional
Chinese medicine Rhizoma coptidis, although the roles of these signaling pathways in these effects have not
been systematically reviewed.

Methods:

We searched the PubMed database for studies with keywords including [“berberine”] and [“tumor”
or “cancer”] and [“AMPK”] or [“AKT”] published between January 2010 and July 2020, to elucidate the roles
of the AMPK and PI3K/AKT pathways and their upstream and downstream targets in the anti-cancer effects of
berberine.

Results:

The anti-cancer effects of berberine include inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, promotion of apoptosis
and autophagy in cancer cells, and prevention of metastasis and angiogenesis. The mechanism of these effects
involves multiple cell kinases and signaling pathways, including activation of AMPK and forkhead box
transcription factor O3a (FOXO3a), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibition of the activity
of PI3K/AKT, rapamycin (mTOR) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Most of these mechanisms converge on
regulation of the balance of AMPK and PI3K/AKT signaling by berberine.

Conclusion:

This evidence supports the possibility that berberine is a promising anti-cancer natural product,
with pharmaceutical potential in inhibiting cancer growth, metastasis and angiogenesis via multiple pathways,
particularly by regulating the balance of AMPK and PI3K/AKT signaling. However, systematic preclinical
studies are still required to provide scientific evidence for further clinical studies.
Allosteric Inhibitors of SHP2: An Updated Patent Review (2015-2020)
Authors: Wu Jingwei , Zhang Huan , Zhao Guilong , Wang Runling
Published: September 2020

Srchomology-2-domain-containing PTP 2 (SHP2) is a nonreceptor phosphatase
encoded by the PTPN11 gene. Over expression of SHP2 is associated with various human
diseases, such as Noonan syndrome, LEOPARD syndrome, and cancers. To overcome the
shortcomings of existing orthosteric inhibitors, novel inhibitors targeting the allosteric site of
SHP2 with high selectivity and low toxicity are under development. This paper reviews allosteric
inhibitors of SHP2 published in patents from 2015 to 2020. The molecules are classified
according to the chemical structure of the central core. SHP2 has long been considered as an
‘undruggable’ protein. Fortunately, a critical breakthrough was made by researchers from Novartis
AG Ltd., who identified SHP099 as a highly potent, selective, soluble, and orally
bioavailable SHP2 allosteric inhibitor. Currently, there are several allosteric inhibitors of
SHP2 in clinical development. However, drug resistance is still a major challenge. The combination
of SHP2 allosteric inhibitors and immunotherapy drugs or molecular targeted drugs
is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy against drug resistance.
Identification of Main Protease of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) Inhibitors from Melissa officinalis
Authors: Elekofehinti Olusola O. , Iwaloye Opeyemi , Famusiwa Courage D. , Akinseye Olanrewaju , Rocha Joao B. T.
Published: September 2020

Background:

The recent outbreak of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19), which has
rapidly spread around the world in about three months with tens of thousands of deaths recorded so
far is a global concern. An urgent need for potential therapeutic intervention is of necessity. Mpro is
an attractive druggable target for the development of anti-COVID-19 drug development.

Methods:

Compounds previously characterized by Melissa officinalis were queried against the
main protease of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 using a computational approach.

Results:

Melitric acid A and salvanolic acid A had higher affinity than lopinavir and ivermectin using
both AutodockVina and XP docking algorithms. The computational approach was employed in
the generation of the QSAR model using automated QSAR, and in the docking of ligands from
Melissa officinalis with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. The best model obtained was KPLS_Radial_
28 (R2 = 0.8548 and Q2=0.6474, which was used in predicting the bioactivity of the lead compounds.
Molecular mechanics based MM-GBSA confirmed salvanolic acid A as the compound
with the highest free energy and predicted bioactivity of 4.777; it interacted with His-41 of the catalytic
dyad (Cys145-His41) of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), as this may hinder the cutting of
inactive viral protein into active ones capable of replication.

Conclusion:

Salvanolic acid A can be further evaluated as a potential Mpro inhibitor.
Synthesis, Characterization and Application of N,N-Dimethyl-N-Sulfoethan Ammonium tetra-Chloro Aluminate: A Novel micro-Heterogeneous Cata-lyst for Synthesis of tri-Arylmethanes
Authors: Azimi Saeid , Mohamadighader Niloofar
Published: September 2020

A new solid catalyst was synthesized from an ionic liquid and heterogenised by changing anion reaction. The new heterogeneous acidic catalyst was characterized by SEM images, EDS analysis, AFM images, Ft-IR, HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass Spectroscopy. It was applied to synthesis of tri-arylmethanes throughout one-pot tri-component reactions among aromatic aldehydes, N,N-dimethylaniline and other carbonic nucleophiles such as anisole and indole. Hence, synthesis of convenient and inexpensive micro-heterogeneous catalyst was introduced, the efficiency of which was confirmed. Also, various useful products were synthesized throughout this simple and clean procedure.
Recent Development of Nanoparticle by Green-Conventional Methods and Applications for Corrosion and Fuel Cells
Authors: Nas Mehmet Salih , Calimli Mehmet Harbi
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, numerous researches have focused on the field of green nanotechnology worldwide and their various applications. The main reason is the environmental and biologically safe applications of nanoparticles. Until now, various nanoparticles have been fabricated and tested for different purposes, such as energy conversion, storage, and corrosion prevention. However, conventional nanoparticle production, like physical or chemical methods, caused undesirable adverse effects on humans and the environment. Various biological materials have numerous advantages, such as environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and abundant availability. Thanks to these advantages, green synthesis methods may have a wider field of use in the future compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, the use of green materials provides significant advantages such as less usage of energy, economic and natural resources. Recently, considerable efforts have been carried out to develop novel green nanoparticles using various biological sources and methods such as the hydrothermal method, microwave-assisted method, ultra-sonication assisted method and mechano-mixing methods. In this review, we discuss the main properties of green and recent nanoparticles synthesized by green and conventional methods for using in corrosion preventions and fuel cells. In the paper, the fundamental sources of green nanoparticles and the fabrication process are addressed. The main reasons for the corrosion and the prevention of corrosion are explained. Also, the current analysis methods used to characterize the morphological and chemical properties of the recently synthesized nanoparticles are explained.
The Anticholinesterase Activity of Three Local Food Spices and Their Anti-Alzheimer Application
Authors: Bibi Ruqia , Gul Saima , Wahab Abdul , Khan Mohammad Iqbal , Khan Murad Ali
Published: September 2020

Background::

he incidence of dementia is increasing as the aging population of the
world is increasing. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central
nervous system. There are presently 7.3 million patients of AD and the number may rise to 34
million at this pace in the coming thirty years. In the disease, the level of Acetylcholine is reduced
and as a result, causes the loss of cholinergic neurons in the brain. The disease is less common in
Asian countries as compared to the western nations of the world. This work aimed to establish the
role of the common medicinal and food plants against Alzheimer's.

Methods::

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the enzyme responsible for hydrolysis and
reduction of Acetylcholine. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of different extracts of three local
plants used as spices in the daily food, Curcuma longa, Cinnnamomum tamala, and Zingiber
officinale, was determined using the Microplate Assay method.

Results::

The phytochemical study of the selected plants revealed the presence of alkaloids,
terpenes, flavones, saponins, and tannins in these plants. The chloroform extract of all the three
plants presented promising AChE inhibiting activity having IC50 >200μg/ml. A probable reason
will be the alkaloids and terpenes present in the chloroform extract.

Conclusion::

The chloroform extract of all three plants presented promising AChE inhibiting
activity and can become a reasonable therapy for the cure/prevention of Alzheimer's disease. The
frequent use of these spices may be a possible reason for the fever incidence of Alzheimer's in
Asian countries. Further in vivo studies are required to find its action and studies to find the exact
compound responsible for the action.
Aluminum Casting Laboratory Implementation to Build Competence of Teacher Candidate of Vocational High School
Authors: Soemowidadgo Arianto Leman , Widarto Widarto , Tiwan Tiwan , Ardian Aan , Sianipar Silvia
Published: September 2020

This study aimed at implementing Casting Laboratory model to build competence of teacher candidate of Vocational High School of Mechanical Engineering Study Program. The study is conducted by try out application approach. The procedure comprised of equipment preparation, layout arrangement, practice and evaluation. Data were collected by observation. The research subject was two classes of third semester bachelor students of MEED YSU who enrolled in Advanced Engineering Materials practical course. The two classes consist of 4 teams and within each team there were 4 groups. The practical work was carried out 2 times. The results show that the Casting Laboratory model has met all of the qualification of a learning facility to build student competence in unpressurized casting process. Among these competencies are ability in pattern making, sand preparation, sand-mold making, planning raw materials and smelting process, handling and pouring of molten metal, disassembling and cleaning, and evaluating the cast. The Casting Laboratory layout has qualified as work area for casting practice. The layout makes supervision and movement of workers and materials easy. Tools and equipment are fitting and adequate. The Laboratory model for aluminum casting is effective and efficient to develop competence in casting.Penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan model Laboratorium Pengecoran untuk membentuk kompetensi calon guru Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Program Studi Teknik Mesin. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan uji aplikasi. Prosedur terdiri dari persiapan peralatan, pengaturan tata letak, praktik dan evaluasi. Data dikumpulkan dengan observasi. Subjek penelitian adalah adalah 2 kelas mahasiswa semester tiga program S1 teknik mesin MEED YSU yang mengikuti praktik bahan teknik lanjut, terdiri dari 4 tim dan masing-masing tim dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Praktikum dilaksanakan dua kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Laboratorium Pengecoran telah memenuhi syarat sebagai fasilitas pembelajaran untuk membentuk kompetensi siswa dalam proses pengecoran tanpa tekanan. Kompetensi yang dibentuk adalah kemampuan dalam membuat pola, menyiapkan pasir, membuat cetakan pasir, merencanakan bahan baku dan proses melebur, menanganani dan menuangkan logam cair, membongkar dan membersihkan, serta mengevaluasi produk pengecoran. Tata letak Laboratorium Pengecoran telah memenuhi syarat sebagai area kerja untuk praktik pengecoran. Ini memberi kemudahan dalam pengawasan dan pergerakan orang dan barang. Alat dan peralatan sudah sesuai dan memadai. Model laboratorium untuk pengecoran aluminium efektif dan efisien untuk mengembangkan kompetensi pengecoran.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Pengupas Kulit Lada Menggunakan Cutter Rubber Pad
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Rezani Rivandra , Mutaqim Imam , Sutaryat Suparman
Published: September 2020

Surian Subdistrict, especially in Mekarsari village, has the largest potential of pepper production in Sumedang Regency. The full potential has not been achieved due to lack of mechanization in the pepper production. Currently, the peeling process of peppercorns uses manual hand rubbing, which is inefficient and causing tiredness and skin irritation. The purpose of this research is to design and build a peppercorn peeling machine to increase productivity. The design process used Autodesk Inventor 2015 CAD software. The machine-building process comprised of design actualization, Work Preparation planning, tools and materials preparation, machining and fabrication process and test run. The result of the design is a peeling machine having dimensions (l x w x h) of 993 x 590 x 670 mm. The machine is equipped with a 5.5 HP and 3600 rpm motor drive which yields in 28 kg/hour pepper production capacity. The working principle of this machine is to grind the peppercorns in the filter and then the cutter cuts and separates the pepper seeds from its shell.Kecamatan Surian memiliki potensi penghasil lada terbesar di Kabupaten Sumedang, khususnya di Desa Mekarsari (Yosini, 2018: 105-115). Permasalahan petani lada adalah masih secara manual dalam pengupasan kulit lada. Proses yang dilakukan hanya menggunakan kedua telapak tangan dalam menggosok buah lada sehingga memerlukan waktu yang lama dan menyebabkan kelelahan dan iritasi pada kulit telapak tangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang dan membuat mesin pengupas kulit lada agar dapat membantu petani lada dalam meningkatkan produktivitasnya. Teknik perancangan menggunakan software Autodesk Inventor 2015. Proses manufaktur dilakukan melalui tahapan pembacaan desain, pembuatan work preparation, persiapan alat dan bahan, proses manufaktur hingga uji kinerja. Hasil penelitian yaitu dihasilkan mesin pengupas kulit lada dengan dimensi panjang 993 mm, lebar 590 mm dan tinggi 670 mm dengan motor 5,5 HP dan putaran 3.600 rpm dan kapasitas 28 kg/jam. Prinsip kerja mesin ini yaitu menggiling lada yang terdapat pada filter kemudian cutter bertabrakan dengan lada sampai terpisah dengan kulitnya.
Pengembangan E-Modul Sistem Rem untuk Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan
Authors: Ratnawati Dianna , Martono Rusdi , Rabiman Rabiman
Published: September 2020

E-module has become a form of learning media that displays online reference, which is considered as more attractive and interactive compared to printed books and modules. The development of e-module actualizes the use of technology to facilitate access to science literacy that is inline to the industrial revolution 4.0. This study aims to develop an e-module of brake system for class XI vocational high school students. The research method used is Research and Development. The stages of e-module development are: define, design, develop, and disseminate. The instruments for data collection are questionnaires with quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The feasibility test of the brake system e-module shows that the results of the evaluation of media experts obtained a percentage of 82%, assessment of material experts by 85%, and field test results by 85%. It can be concluded that the e-module developed is suitable to be used to facilitate the learning process of the brake system in vocational high school.E-modul menjadi salah satu media pembelajaran yang menyajikan bahan referensi online secara menarik dan interaktif dibandingkan dengan media cetak seperti buku atau modul. Pengembangan e-modul merupakan aktualisasi dari pemanfaatan teknologi untuk memudahkan akses literasi bidang ilmu pengetahuan yang selaras dengan revolusi industri 4.0. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan e-modul sistem rem untuk siswa SMK kelas XI. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development. Tahapan pengembangan e-modul meliputi: define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Uji kelayakan e-modul sistem rem ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil penilaian ahli media diperoleh persentase 82%, penilian ahli materi sebesar 85%, dan hasil uji lapangan sebesar 85%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa e-modul yang dikembangkan layak digunakan untuk mendukung pembelajaran sistem rem siswa SMK.