bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing and Measuring the Monetary Value of Brand Extensions: The Case of Motion Pictures
Authors: Hennig-Thurau Thorsten , Houston Mark B. , Heitjans Torsten
Published: October 2009

Brand extension value is the part of brand value that derives from a brand owner's right to introduce new products related to the brand. The authors draw on a theoretical conceptualization of brand extension success and present an approach to measure the monetary value of brand extension rights in the context of motion pictures (i.e., movie sequel rights) and to calculate the effect of variations of key extension product attributes, such as the continued participation of stars, on this value. Their measure incorporates both the forward spillover effect and the reciprocal spillover effect and accounts for differences between brand extensions and new original products in revenues and risk, thereby offering marketing scholars a novel approach for evaluating the riskiness of investment alternatives. With respect to the forward spillover effect of a parent brand on the extension product, the authors apply regression analysis to data from all 101 initial movie sequels released in North American theaters between 1998 and 2006 and to a matched subsample of original movies and calculate the risk-adjusted monetary brand extension value by comparing success predictions for both sequels and matched original movies. Regarding the reciprocal spillover effect by which the extension product affects the success of the parent brand, the authors use longitudinal data of parent-brand DVD sales to monetize the risk-adjusted impact of the brand extension on the parent. The usefulness of their approach is illustrated by calculating the monetary brand extension value for an actual movie title.
Customer Satisfaction and Stock Returns Risk
Authors: Tuli Kapil R. , Bharadwaj Sundar G.
Published: October 2009

Over the past decade, several studies have argued that customer satisfaction has high relevance for financial markets because it has a significant impact on stock returns. However, little attention has been given to understanding the impact of customer satisfaction on the risk of stock returns. The finance literature suggests that investors that judge performance only in terms of returns place more resources than warranted in risky opportunities, forgo profitable opportunities, and apply misguided performance evaluations. Accordingly, this study develops, tests, and finds empirical support for the hypotheses that positive changes (i.e., improvement) in customer satisfaction result in negative changes (i.e., reduction) in overall and downside systematic and idiosyncratic risk. Using a panel data sample of publicly traded U.S. firms and satisfaction data from the American Customer Satisfaction Index, the study demonstrates that investments in customer satisfaction insulate a firm's stock returns from market movements (overall and downside systematic risk) and lower the volatility of its stock returns (overall and downside idiosyncratic risk). The results are robust to alternative measures of risk, model specifications, and concerns related to sample composition criteria raised in some recent studies. Therefore, the results indicate that customer satisfaction is a metric that provides valuable information to financial markets. The robust impact of customer satisfaction on stock returns risk indicates that it would be useful for firms to disclose their customer satisfaction scores in their annual report to shareholders.
Does a Firm's Product-Recall Strategy Affect Its Financial Value? An Examination of Strategic Alternatives during Product-Harm Crises
Authors: Chen Yubo , Ganesan Shankar , Liu Yong
Published: October 2009

Product-harm crises often result in product recalls, which can have a significant impact on a firm's reputation, sales, and financial value. In managing the recall process, some firms adopt a proactive strategy in responding to consumer complaints, while others are more passive. In this study, the authors examine the impact of these strategic alternatives on firm value using Consumer Product Safety Commission recalls during a 12-year period from 1996 to 2007. Using the event study method, the authors show that regardless of firm and product characteristics, proactive strategies have a more negative effect on firm value than more passive strategies. An explanation for this surprising result is that the stock market interprets proactive strategies as a signal of substantial financial losses to the firm. When a firm proactively manages a product recall, the stock market infers that the consequence of the product-harm crisis is sufficiently severe that the firm had no choice but to act swiftly to reduce potential financial losses. Therefore, firms dealing with product recalls must be sensitive to how investors might interpret a proactive strategy and be aware of its potential drawbacks.
Regulatory Exposure of Deceptive Marketing and Its Impact on Firm Value
Authors: Tipton Martha Myslinski , Bharadwaj Sundar G. , Robertson Diana C.
Published: October 2009

Research linking marketing to financial performance has predominantly focused on how marketing assets and actions add value. The authors argue that it is equally important to understand how marketing decisions can reduce firm value. Prior research has indicated that negative events vary greatly in their indirect costs to the firm. On the basis of established theory and in-depth interviews with practitioners, the authors identify a set of factors that can explain the heterogeneity in the magnitude of indirect costs associated with negative marketing-related events. Specifically, they address how the regulatory exposure of deceptive marketing, which carries no direct cost to the firm, affects shareholder value. Using an event study, the analysis shows that incidents of exposed deceptive marketing are associated with significant, negative abnormal returns amounting to a drop of 1%, which translates into a wealth loss of $86 million for the median-sized firm in the sample. In explaining the variation in magnitude of the impact between events, the authors find that, in general, event characteristics are more significant than firm and brand characteristics. When deception is highly egregious or directed at vulnerable populations, firm value is more negatively affected than when the potential to mislead and harm is not readily verifiable. Furthermore, when the cited product has substantial brand market share, the levels of egregiousness and target audience explain substantially more of the variation in event impact than when brand market share is low. The results are robust to alternative stock-portfolio-based measures of abnormal returns, model specification, heteroskedasticity, and examination of risk. The authors' framework and analysis have implications for Wall Street executives, Main Street managers, academic researchers, and public policy makers.
Impact of Mad Money Stock Recommendations: Merging Financial and Marketing Perspectives
Authors: Karniouchina Ekaterina V. , Moore William L. , Cooney Kevin J.
Published: October 2009

This article relies on advertising and persuasive communications theories to uncover persistent variations in investor response to television stock recommendations targeting naive investors. The authors use an event study methodology to determine the size of the next-day abnormal market reaction to recommendations on Mad Money with Jim Cramer.Although viewers are actively looking for recommendations, the results show that any individual recommendation is still subject to many of the same communication challenges as traditional advertisements. A regression analysis finds that traditional advertising variables, such as message length, recency–primacy effects, information clutter, and source credibility, influence the size of the market reaction to a “buy” recommendation. The authors discuss implications for marketers, managers of public companies, and those interested in public policy aspects related to televised stock recommendations.
Does Advertising Spending Influence Media Coverage of the Advertiser?
Authors: Rinallo Diego , Basuroy Suman
Published: October 2009

Recent studies have shown that consumers' product choices are significantly influenced by media coverage and recommendations in various media outlets. Unlike advertising, consumers perceive these sources as neutral and more credible because they usually presume that editorial content and product coverage in newspapers and magazines are independent and free from advertisers' influence. In this article, the authors show how advertising activities of firms may influence media coverage to the firms' advantage. They analyze a recent (2002–2003) large data set comprising 291 fashion companies based in Italy and their advertising and product coverage data published in newspapers and magazines of 123 publishers from Italy, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Controlling for firm heterogeneity, endogeneity, and the simultaneity of advertising and coverage, the authors find that, overall, (1) there is evidence of a strong positive influence of advertising on coverage, (2) publishers that depend more on a specific industry for their advertising revenues are prone to a higher degree of influence from their corporate advertisers than others, (3) peer pressures from competing publishers affect coverage decisions, (4) larger and more innovative companies are at an advantage for obtaining coverage for their products, and (5) the effects of corporate advertising influence exist in both Europe and the United States. These findings raise concerns about the independence of editorial content and coverage of magazines.
Consumer-Based Brand Equity and Firm Risk
Authors: Rego Lopo L. , Billett Matthew T. , Morgan Neil A.
Published: October 2009

Investors and managers evaluate potential investments in terms of risk and return. Research has focused on linking marketing activities and resource deployments with returns but has largely neglected marketing's role in determining risk. Yet the theoretical literature asserts that investments in market-based assets, such as brands, should lead to reductions in firm risk. Adopting risk measures that are well established in the finance literature, the authors use credit ratings to capture debt-holder risk and the standard deviation of stock returns to measure equity-holder risk, which they then decompose into systematic and unsystematic equity risk. The authors examine the impact of consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) on firm risk using data covering 252 firms from EquiTrend, COMPUSTAT, and the Center for Research in Security Prices over the 2000–2006 period. They find that a firm's CBBE is associated with firm risk and explains variance in the risk measures beyond that explained by existing finance models (i.e., it has “risk relevance”). They also find that CBBE has a stronger role in predicting firm-specific unsystematic risk than systematic risk but that it also has a particularly strong role in protecting equity holders from downside systematic risk. The results have clear economic significance and suggest that managers should make brand management part of the firm's risk management strategy and protect or even increase CBBE investments during periods of economic uncertainty.
Corporate Hypocrisy: Overcoming the Threat of Inconsistent Corporate Social Responsibility Perceptions
Authors: Wagner Tillmann , Lutz Richard J. , Weitz Barton A.
Published: October 2009

Reports of firms' behaviors with regard to corporate social responsibility (CSR) are often contrary to their stated standards of social responsibility. This research examines the effects of communication strategies a firm can use to mitigate the impact of these inconsistencies on consumer perceptions of corporate hypocrisy and subsequent beliefs about the firm's social responsibility and attitudes toward the firm. Study 1 indicates that a proactive communication strategy (when the firm's CSR statements precede conflicting observed behavior) leads to higher levels of perceived hypocrisy than a reactive strategy (when the firm's CSR statements follow observed behavior). The inconsistent information in both scenarios increases perceptions of hypocrisy, such that CSR statements can actually be counterproductive. Study 1 also reveals how perceived hypocrisy damages consumers' attitudes toward firms by negatively affecting CSR beliefs and provides evidence for the mediating role of hypocrisy during information processing. Study 2 finds that varying CSR policy statement abstractness acts to reduce the hidden risk of proactive communication strategies and can improve the effectiveness of a reactive strategy. Study 3 reveals that an inoculation communication strategy reduces perceived hypocrisy and minimizes its negative consequences, regardless of whether the CSR strategy is proactive or reactive.
Determinants of Pay Levels and Structures in Sales Organizations
Authors: Rouziès Dominique , Coughlan Anne T. , Anderson Erin , Iacobucci Dawn
Published: October 2009

Two key issues in business-to-business (B2B) sales force management are (1) how much a given sales job should be compensated (pay level) and (2) how much of the compensation should be fixed versus variable (pay structure). The authors examine the paychecks drawn by people in more than 14,000 selling jobs and more than 4000 sales management jobs in five B2B industry sectors in five European countries. They show that pay levels and structures reflect an apparent balancing of two conflicting pressures: the economic imperative (to reward better performers by heightening pay dispersion) and the compensation differential compression resulting from high tax regimes. In particular, B2B firms appear to use variable pay as a way to lessen the salary differential compression impact of high tax regimes on salesperson motivation. Furthermore, similar to chief executive officers, sales managers can have an important multiplier effect that justifies paying them at increasing rates as job challenge rises.
Determination of Time Required for Materials Exposed to Oxygen to Return to Reduced Flammability
Authors: Harper Susana , Hirsch David , Smith Sarah
Published: October 2009

Increased material flammability due to exposure to high oxygen concentrations is a concern from both safety and operational perspectives. Localized high oxygen concentrations can occur when exiting a higher oxygen concentration environment due to material saturation as well as oxygen entrapment between barrier materials. Understanding of oxygen diffusion and its correlation to flammability risks can reduce the likelihood of fires while improving procedures as NASA moves to longer missions with increased extravehicular activities in both spacecraft and off-Earth habitats. This paper examines the time required for common spacecraft materials exposed to oxygen to return to reduced flammability after removal from the increased oxygen concentration environment. Specifically, NASA-STD-6001A maximum oxygen concentration testing and ASTM Standard F1927 diffusion testing were performed on Nomex®®Nomex is a registered trademark of E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, DE. HT90-40, Tiburon®®Tiburon is a registered trademark of Allegiance Corporation, McGraw Park, IL. surgical drape, cotton, Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Liquid-Cooled Ventilation Garment, EMU Thermal Comfort Undergarment, EMU Mosite foam with spandex covering, Advanced Crew Escape Suit (ACES) outer cross-section, ACES Liquid-Cooled Garment, ACES O2 hose material, Minicel®®Minicel is a registered trademark of Sekisui Voltek, Lawrence, MA. polyethylene foam, Minicel® polyethylene foam with Nomex® covering, Pyrell polyurethane foam, and Zotek®®Zotek is a registered trademark of Zotefoams plc, Walton, KY. F-30 foam.
Severe XIST hypomethylation clearly distinguishes (SRY+) 46,XX-maleness from Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Poplinski Andreas , Wieacker Peter , Kliesch Sabine , Gromoll Jörg
Published: October 2009

Objective

46,XX-maleness affects 1 in 20 000 live male newborns resulting in infertility and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. Although the phenotypes of XX-males have been well described, the molecular nature of the X chromosomes remains elusive. We assessed the X inactivation status by DNA methylation analysis of four informative loci and compared those to Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and Turner syndrome.

Design and methods

Patient cohort consisted of ten sex-determining region of the Y (SRY+) XX-males, two (SRY−) XX-males, ten 47,XXY Klinefelter men, six 45,X Turner females and ten male and female control individuals each. Methylation analysis was carried out by bisulphite sequencing of DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes analysing X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), ferritin, heavy peptide-like 17 (FTHL17) and short stature homeobox (SHOX).

Results

XIST methylation was 18% in (SRY+) XX-males, and thus they were severely hypomethylated compared to (SRY−) XX-males (48%; P<0.01), Klinefelter men (44%; P<0.01) and female controls (47%; P<0.01). Turner females and male controls displayed a high degree of XIST methylation of 98 and 94% respectively. Methylation of PGK1, undergoing X inactivation, was not significantly reduced in (SRY+) XX-males compared to female controls in spite of severe XIST hypomethylation (51 vs 69%; P>0.05). FTHL17, escaping X inactivation, but undergoing cell-type-specific inactivation was similarly methylated in XX-males (89%), KS patients (87%) and female controls (90%). SHOX, an X inactivation escapee located in the pseudoautosomal region, displays similarly low degrees of methylation for XX-males (7%), KS patients (7%) and female controls (9%).

Conclusions

XIST hypomethylation clearly distinguishes (SRY+) XX-males from Klinefelter men. It does not, however, impair appropriate epigenetic regulation of representative X-linked loci.
Primary, definitive treatment of the nasoethmoidorbital-midface-frontobasal injuries in the maxillofacial practice
Authors: Nemes István , Pácz Miklós , Rőthy Ákos , Erményi Imre , Kocsis Csaba
Published: October 2009

A fejet, orr területét frontális irányból érő drasztikus erőbehatás következtében létrejött nasoethmoid-orbitalis (NEO) törések gyakran kombinálódnak az arcközép és a frontobázis töréseivel, szemsérülésekkel. A diszlokált orrképletek az intraorbitalis régióba nyomódnak és súlyos szövődményeket (nasalis liquorrhoea, nervus opticus laesio, diplopia, telecanthus, anosmia) okoznak. Műtéti ellátásuk speciális team (arc-, állcsontsebész, idegsebész, szemész, fül-orr-gégész) összehangolt munkáját igénylő feladat. Az ellátás kulcsa a minden esetben érintett nasoethmoid-orbitalis csontstruktúra. A nasalis liquorrhoea megszüntetésének alapvető feltétele a mobilis nasoethmoid fragmentumok, arcközép stabilizálása és durasérülések vízmentes zárása vagy plasztikája. Gyakorlatunkban a törések repozícióját és titán minilemezes osteosynthesisét alkalmazzuk, csonthiány esetén autológ csont beültetésével kiegészítve. Az 1995–2000 közötti években 50, NEO-törést szenvedett sérültet kezeltünk kórházunk arc-, állcsontsebészeti osztályán. Közleményünkben beszámolunk a lehetséges sérüléskombinációkról, műtéti módszereinkről, ellátási taktikánkról és tapasztalatainkról. Az arc- és koponyacsontok többszörös és defekttörései maradandó deformitást, rágási és táplálkozási zavart okozhatnak. Munkánk során törekedtünk a sérültek korai, primer, definitív ellátására, esztétikai szempontok figyelembevételével, korszerű csontrögzítő és csontpótló műtéti módszerek alkalmazásával. Alapvető célunk a betegek műtéti megterhelésének, ápolási idejének csökkentése, műtéti eredményeink javítása.
Two faces of an illness: ankylosing spondylitis developed after rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Varga Eszter , Petró Ágnes , Jáger Rita , Varga László
Published: October 2009

A szerzők egy 35 éves nőbeteg kórtörténetét ismertetik, akinél 29 éves korában szeronegatív rheumatoid arthritist igazoltak a reumatológiai osztályon. A betegség remisszióját sikeres graviditás követte, majd két évvel később kizárólag axiális tüneteket mutató spondylarthritist diagnosztizáltak. A major hisztokompatibilitási komplex vizsgálata során a hagyományos szerológiai módszerekkel a HLA B27 spondylarthritis ankylopoeticára jellemző, valamint HLA DR1 rheumatoid arthritisre jellemző haplotípust mutattak ki. A HLA DRB-polimorfizmus vizsgálata során a rheumatoid arthritis létrejöttében és kórlefolyásában szerepet játszó HLA DR B1 0101 allél jelenlétét igazolták. A betegben tehát ritka kombinációként a spondylarthritis ankylopoetica és a rheumatoid arthritis létrejöttében is szerepet játszó HLA-formáció egyaránt megtalálható volt.
Hipotermia no período intra-operatório em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas
Authors: Poveda Vanessa de Brito , Galvão Cristina Maria , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti
Published: October 2009

OBJETIVO: Analisar a temperatura corporal do paciente submetido a cirurgia eletiva no período intra-operatório. MÉTODOS: Para a coleta de dados elaborou-se um instrumento que foi submetido à validação aparente e de conteúdo e a amostra foi constituída de 70 pacientes. As variáveis mensuradas foram: temperatura e umidade da sala de cirurgia e temperatura corporal do paciente em diferentes momentos do período intra-operatório. RESULTADOS: Em relação à temperatura corporal dos pacientes observou-se que no final do procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico a média foi de 33,6º C. A temperatura média da sala na chegada dos pacientes foi de 24,6º C e na quarta hora de procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico foi de 22,4ºC. Houve correlação estatisticamente significante e positiva entre as variáveis mensuradas. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apontaram a necessidade de implementação de intervenções efetivas para a prevenção da hipotermia e, neste cenário, a atuação do enfermeiro é crucial para a melhoria da assistência prestada ao paciente cirúrgico.
Transmissão Vertical Zero: parceria entre o serviço público e o terceiro setor
Authors: Almeida Janie Maria de , Praça Neide de Souza
Published: October 2009

OBJETIVOS: Divulgar experiência multidisciplinar de parceria entre gestores da rede pública de saúde e organizações não-governamentais voltadas à atenção à gestante HIV positivo; e caracterizar as situações de exposição ao HIV por gestantes atendidas pelo Projeto Transmissão Vertical Zero do Município de Sorocaba - SP. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com emprego de fontes documentais, e com levantamento de dados para caracterização sócio-demográfica e situações de exposição ao risco de infecção pelo HIV de 120 gestantes atendidas pelo Projeto, entre 1998 e 2004. RESULTADOS: O compartilhamento de ações entre o público e o terceiro setor constituiu-se em eficiente alternativa de assistência à mulher soropositiva para o HIV, ainda que 56,7% das gestantes desconhecessem a sorologia do parceiro e 73,3% nunca terem usado preservativo. CONCLUSÃO: A parceria contribuiu para a redução da transmissão vertical do HIV em Sorocaba - SP.
Influência da redação da prescrição médica na administração de medicamentos em horários diferentes do prescrito
Authors: Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar , Teixeira Thalyta Cardoso Alux , Silva Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo , Optiz Simone Perfuro , Mota Maria Ludermiller Sabóia , Cassiani Silvia Helena De Bertoli
Published: October 2009

OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência da redação da prescrição médica na administração de medicamentos em horários diferentes do prescrito ocorridas em unidades de clínica médica de cinco hospitais brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo descritivo que utilizou dados secundários obtidos de uma pesquisa multicêntrica realizada em 2005. A amostra foi composta por 1084 doses de medicamentos administradas em horários diferentes do prescrito. RESULTADOS: Do total analisado, 96,2% apresentavam siglas e/ou abreviaturas; 7,8% apresentavam o registro do horário de administração incompleto e 4,8% destes registros estavam rasurados. Ainda, faltou o horário e/ou a freqüência de administração em 1,9% das prescrições. CONCLUSÃO: Com a implantação do sistema computadorizado de prescrições, associada à prática da educação permanente será possível minimizar a administração de medicamentos em horários diferentes do prescrito.
Auto-proteção profissional e cuidado de enfermagem ao paciente soropositivo ao HIV: duas facetas de uma representação
Authors: Formozo Gláucia Alexandre , Oliveira Denize Cristina de
Published: October 2009

OBJETIVOS: Identificar e analisar os conteúdos relativos à auto-proteção profissional presentes na representação social da equipe de enfermagem acerca do cuidado de enfermagem prestado aos pacientes soropositivos ao HIV. MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo. O cenário foi um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro e os sujeitos 40 profissionais de enfermagem que cuidam ou já cuidaram da clientela em questão. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas e analisados através do software ALCESTE 4.7. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que a auto-proteção profissional figura como importante elemento do cuidado, abarcando: a utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual; a manipulação e descarte de materiais pérfuro-cortantes; a exposição profissional no cuidado prestado; e as formas de precaução. CONCLUSÃO: Os conteúdos relacionados à auto-proteção profissional são construídos em torno da utilização da precaução padrão, diferente de quando se trata de outras clientelas, quando esta não se faz fortemente presente.
Correlação entre Inventário de Depressão de Beck e cortisol urinário em diabéticos tipo 2
Authors: Nascimento Alexandra Bulgarelli do , Chaves Eliane Corrêa , Grossi Sônia Aurora Alves , Lottenberg Simão Augusto
Published: October 2009

OBJETIVO: Verificar a correlação entre o cortisol urinário e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck em diabéticos do tipo 2. MÉTODOS: O cortisol urinário foi avaliado em uma amostra composta por 40 pacientes da Liga de Controle de Diabetes da Disciplina de Endocrinologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo e para a avaliação dos sintomas de depressão foi aplicado o Inventário de Depressão de Beck. RESULTADOS: Alta confiabilidade para o Inventário de Depressão de Beck(Alfa de Cronbach=0,920)e correlação significativa foi observada entre cortisol urinário e Inventário de Depressão de Beck(Spearman,r=0.523,p<0.001). CONCLUSÕES: Houve correlação entre cortisol urinário e Inventário de Depressão de Beck, demonstrando que estes indicadores são confiáveis na detecção de sintomas de depressão em diabéticos do tipo 2.
Controle social na saúde: discutindo os resultados de uma pesquisa com enfermeiras
Authors: Arantes Cássia Irene Spinelli , Mesquita Camila Campos , Machado Maria Lúcia Teixeira , Ogata Márcia Niituma
Published: October 2009

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, relatar a experiência de um processo de discussão dos resultados de uma pesquisa sobre controle social na atenção básica à saúde. Descreve-se o processo de planejamento, desenvolvimento e avaliação de dois encontros educativos participativos realizados com 12 enfermeiras. Apresentam-se as expectativas e a avaliação das participantes; suas reflexões sobre os resultados da pesquisa; e a re-elaboração das ações de fortalecimento do controle social na saúde. Foram apontadas novas possibilidades de atuação na área e os diferentes responsáveis pela sua execução. Foram relatadas ações de responsabilidade do profissional de enfermagem, evidenciando a existência de um papel no âmbito do controle social a ser desempenhado pelo enfermeiro na atenção básica à saúde.
Aproximações teóricas acerca da Vigilância à Saúde: um horizonte para a integralidade
Authors: Faria Liliam Saldanha , Bertolozzi Maria Rita
Published: October 2009

Investigou-se a proposição e o desenvolvimento da vigilância à saúde seja como instrumento ou modelo de atenção à saúde, nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE, sob os descritores vigilância da população e cuidados primários de saúde. Identificaram-se diferentes propostas e terminologias para a vigilância à saúde que se assemelham pelo uso da epidemiologia e da noção de território. Destaca-se o uso de instrumentos como indicadores de necessidades de saúde, geoprocessamento e análise de redes de vigilância em saúde. Conclui-se que a vigilância à saúde se constitui num potencial campo para promover a saúde, o controle social da informação e avaliação das políticas e ações de saúde.
Enfermagem em centro cirúrgico: trinta anos após criação do Sistema de Assistência de Enfermagem Perioperatória
Authors: Fonseca Rosa Maria Pelegrini , Peniche Aparecida de Cássia Giani
Published: October 2009

OBJETIVOS: Levantar os artigos publicados pela enfermagem brasileira em centro cirúrgico (CC), identificar os autores, tipos de pesquisa, resultados e analisar descritivamente seus resultados. MÉTODOS: Revisão integrativa, referente à produção nacional na área de enfermagem em CC, com o propósito de sumarizar os estudos já publicados em periódicos nacionais de 1978 a 2006, indexados nas bases de dados: LILACS, DEDALUS e SciELO. Os 56 artigos foram classificados em seis temas: visita pré-operatória; assistência no transoperatório; na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica; visita pós-operatória; construção ou validação de instrumento e percepção do paciente. RESULTADOS: Os artigos abordaram as facilidades e adversidades vivenciadas pelo enfermeiro e sua equipe para prestar uma assistência com a melhor qualidade possível. Confirmou-se a importância da assistência humanizada e individualizada. CONCLUSÃO: As pesquisas analisadas contribuem para a construção do conhecimento e influenciam positivamente o enfermeiro no bom desempenho da assistência ao paciente cirúrgico e família.
Revisão integrativa: etapa inicial do processo de validação de diagnóstico de enfermagem
Authors: Pompeo Daniele Alcalá , Rossi Lídia Aparecida , Galvão Cristina Maria
Published: October 2009

O diagnóstico de enfermagem é a segunda etapa do processo de enfermagem e pode ser considerada uma fonte de conhecimento científico para a enfermagem, tornando-se fundamental para o planejamento e implementação de intervenções eficazes que proporcionem a melhoria da assistência prestada ao paciente. A revisão integrativa é um método de pesquisa que permite reunir e sintetizar as evidências disponíveis sobre o tema investigado. Assim, o presente artigo teve como objetivo apresentar a revisão integrativa da literatura como etapa inicial do processo de validação de diagnóstico de enfermagem. Por meio de um exemplo, apresentam-se aspectos importantes na construção da revisão integrativa e as contribuições deste método para aperfeiçoar e legitimar os diagnósticos de enfermagem descritos pela Taxonomia II da North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), contribuindo para sua capacidade de generalização e de predição, visando à proposição de diretrizes para o cuidado.
Freire e formação para o Sistema Único de Saúde: o enfermeiro, o médico e o odontólogo
Authors: Moretti-Pires Rodrigo Otávio , Bueno Sonia Maria Villela
Published: October 2009

A criação e implementação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) trouxe vitórias como a universalidade, equidade e integralidade na assistência como um dever do Estado. Diversas estratégias foram concebidas, inclusive o Programa de Saúde da Família que em teoria re-significaria a atenção primária no âmbito do SUS. No entanto, deficiências na formação universitária do enfermeiro, do médico e do odontólogo são constatadas pela dificuldade destes profissionais no redirecionamento das ações enfocando a família e promoção da saúde, dentro da necessidade de atuação integral. Neste ínterim, a temática da humanização do atendimento torna-se um emblema privilegiado do paradoxo. Os autores debatem estas questões através do uso de revisão narrativa, promovendo reflexão sobre o marco teórico freireano como caminho na formação universitária para superação destes dilemas na consecução do SUS de acordo com seus ideais e princípios.
Análise dos fatores relacionados a 60 casos de distocia em ovelhas no Agreste e Sertão de Pernambuco
Authors: Câmara Antônio Carlos Lopes , Afonso José Augusto Bastos , Dantas Alexandre Cruz , Guimarães Janaina Azevedo , Costa Nivaldo de Azevêdo , Souza Maria Isabel de , Mendonça Carla Lopes de
Published: October 2009

O presente trabalho objetiva relatar os principais tipos de distocias em ovelhas, no Agreste e Sertão de Pernambuco, e avaliar alguns fatores relacionados com sua ocorrência, bem como determinar a eficiência dos tratamentos utilizados. A maior incidência de partos distócicos ocorreu na estação chuvosa, com 61,7% dos casos. Os resultados mostraram predominância de distocias de origem materna (71,6%) sobre a fetal (29,4%), com maior incidência em ovelhas primíparas da raça Santa Inês, com gestações gemelares. A principal distocia materna foi a ausência ou dilatação cervical insuficiente, e fetal, a má disposição na apresentação anterior. A taxa de sobrevivência das mães correspondeu a 100 e 88,6%, enquanto das crias alcançou 41,2 e 46,7%, após manobra obstétrica e cesariana, respectivamente, com predominância de cordeiros inviáveis em ambos os procedimentos. As manobras obstétricas e a cesariana pelo flanco esquerdo permanecem opções seguras para o tratamento de distocias em ovelhas, sendo ainda importantes coadjuvantes, minimizando o impacto econômico causado por essa enfermidade em Pernambuco.
A New Inversion Method To Interpret Flow Profiles From Distributed Temperature and Pressure Measurements in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Yoshioka K. , Zhu D. , Hill A. D. , Lake Larry W.
Published: October 2009

The increasing deployment of distributed temperature- and pressure-measuring devices in intelligent-well completions is providing the means to monitor the inflow profiles of wells without any well intervention. If the profiles of pressure and/or temperature are affected by the inflow profiles of the various phases being produced, it is possible to estimate these flow profiles by inverting the measured temperature and pressure profiles. This inversion process is particularly challenging for horizontal wells because the pressure drop along the well is usually small, and temperature changes, caused primarily by Joule-Thomson effects, are also small.

This paper presents an inversion method that interprets distributed temperature and pressure data to obtain flow-rate profiles along horizontal wells. The inversion method, which is based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (Marquardt 1963), is applied to minimize the differences between the measured profiles and the profiles calculated from a forward model of the well and reservoir-flow system.

We present synthetic and field examples in this paper to illustrate how to use the inversion model to interpret the flow profile of a horizontal well. The synthetic examples show that even with single-phase oil production, the inflow profile can be estimated in many cases with the inversion method developed. The method is even more robust when water or gas is produced along discrete intervals in an oil production well because of the unique temperature signature of water or gas production. We applied the inversion method to temperature and pressure profiles measured with production logs in a North Sea horizontal oil-producing well. The method successfully inverted pressure and temperature profiles, and the profiles of oil- and water-flow rates determined compared well with the flowmeter-derived profiles.
Modeling and Optimization of the Sugar Extraction Process
Authors: Sotudeh-Gharebagh Rahmat , Shamekhi Hani , Mostoufi Navid , Norouzi Hamid Reza
Published: October 2009

In this work, a mathematical model is first developed for the sugar extraction process under steady state conditions. The process takes place in a vertical tower in which hot water and beet cossettes are entered counter currently and the juice is enriched with sugar. The amount of sugar extracted and also the amount of sugar loss at the exit would be increased by an increase in the tower length, the beet residence time or the amount of fresh water consumed. However, this would lead to an increase in the amount of non-sugars within the extractor which is highly undesirable and requires much more in operating costs. To avoid this, the tower length and beet residence time should be at their optimal values in addition to draft, which is the percent ratio of raw juice extracted to the beet processed. This study determines these optimal values in a way to minimize the total operating costs based on the mathematical model using the genetic algorithm method. The results of this study can be used as a framework to optimize the performance of industrial extractors.
Attending to Problems of Practice: Routines and Resources for Professional Learning in Teachers’ Workplace Interactions
Authors: Horn Ilana Seidel , Little Judith Warren
Published: October 2009

The authors investigate how conversational routines, or the practices by which groups structure work-related talk, function in teacher professional communities to forge, sustain, and support learning and improvement. Audiotaped and videotaped records of teachers’ work group interactions, supplemented by interviews and material artifacts, were collected as part of a 2-year project centered on teacher learning and collegiality at two urban high schools. This analysis focuses on two teacher work groups within the same school. While both groups were committed to improvement and shared a common organizational context, their characteristic conversational routines provided different resources for them to access, conceptualize, and learn from problems of practice. More specifically, the groups differed in the extent to which conversational routines supported the linking of frameworks for teaching to specific instances of practice. An analysis of the broader data set points to significant contextual factors that help account for the differences in the practices of the two groups. The study has implications for fostering workplace learning through more systematic support of professional community.
Cesarean section in relation to self‐esteem and parenting among new mothers in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: LOTO OLABISI MOREBISE , ADEWUYA ABIODUN O. , AJENIFUJA OLUSEGUN K. , ORJI ERNEST O. , AYANDIRAN EMMANUEL OLUFEMI , OWOLABI ALEXANDER T. , ADE‐OJO IDOWU PIUS
Published: October 2009

Background. Maternal psychopathology and self‐esteem during childbirth may have an effect on maternal parenting self‐efficacy. Objective. This study aimed to asses the self‐esteem of newly delivered primiparous mothers who had cesarean section (CS) in relation to their parenting self‐efficacy. Methods. A total of 115 primiparous women who delivered by CS were compared with 97 matched controls who had vaginal delivery during the same period. They completed the Rosenberg self‐esteem scale prior to discharge. They also completed the parent–child relationship questionnaire at six weeks postpartum, together with the Rosenberg self‐esteem scale. Results. The mean score on the Rosenberg self‐esteem scale was significantly lower for the CS group, both prior to discharge (p = 0.006) and at six weeks (p < 0.001), than the vaginal delivery group. The mean score on the parent–child relationship questionnaire was also lower in those who had CS compared with those who had vaginal delivery (p < 0.001, OR 4.71, 95% CI 1.75–14.71). Conclusion. CS in Nigerian women is associated with lowered self‐esteem and predicts poor parenting self‐efficacy in the postnatal period. Psychological support and techniques to improve self‐esteem and parenting should be incorporated into the management of women having CS.
Epidural analgesia for labor pain: whose choice?
Authors: SCHYTT ERICA , WALDENSTRÖM ULLA
Published: October 2009

Objective. To test the hypothesis that the decision to use epidural analgesia during labor is influenced not only by the woman and her background but also by the local cultural practice in the delivery unit. Design. Population‐based cohort study. Setting. All delivery units in Sweden. Population. A nationwide sample of 2,529 women. Methods. Data were collected by questionnaires in early pregnancy and two months after birth, and from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Logistic regression analysis was conducted, adjusted for gestational age, induction of labor and infant birthweight. Main outcome measures. Epidural analgesia during labor. Results. The odds of having an epidural analgesia were more than twice as high in the Stockholm region (odds ratio (OR) 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–3.4) and three times higher in middle‐north Sweden (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.7–5.3) compared with the south of Sweden. Of the maternal factors, nulliparity was the strongest predictor (OR 6.3; 95% CI 5.1–7.9), followed by a prenatal belief that epidural analgesia would be needed (OR 3.5; 95% CI 2.8–4.4). Conclusion. The hypothesis of the study was confirmed. The woman and her background as well as the local cultural practice in the delivery unit matter with regard to the use of epidural analgesia.
Comparing observed and modelled growth of larval herring (Clupea harengusz): Testing individual-based model parameterisations
Authors: Hauss Helena M. , Peck Myron A.
Published: October 2009

Experiments that directly test larval fish individual-based model (IBM) growth predictions are uncommon since it is difficult to simultaneously measure all relevant metabolic and behavioural attributes. We compared observed and modelled somatic growth of larval herring (Clupea harengus) in short-term (50 degree-day) laboratory trials conducted at 7 and 13°C in which larvae were either unfed or fed ad libitum on different prey sizes (~100 to 550 µm copepods, Acartia tonsa). The larval specific growth rate (SGR, % DW d-1) was generally overestimated by the model, especially for larvae foraging on large prey items. Model parameterisations were adjusted to explore the effect of 1) temporal variability in foraging of individuals, and 2) reduced assimilation efficiency due to rapid gut evacuation at high feeding rates. With these adjustments, the model described larval growth well across temperatures, prey sizes, and larval sizes. Although the experiments performed verified the growth model, variability in growth and foraging behaviour among larvae shows that it is necessary to measure both the physiology and feeding behaviour of the same individual. This is a challenge for experimentalists but will ultimately yield the most valuable data to adequately model environmental impacts on the survival and growth of marine fish early life stages.
The influence of different salinity conditions on egg buoyancy and development and yolk sac larval survival and morphometric traits of Baltic Sea sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus Schneider)
Authors: Petereit Christoph , Hinrichsen Hans Harald , Voss Rüdiger , Kraus Gerd , Freese Marko , Clemmesen Catriona
Published: October 2009

The small pelagic sprat (Sprattus sprattus) is a key ecologic player in the Baltic Sea. However, there is long-term variability in recruitment which is thought to be influenced by fluctuations in abiotic and biotic conditions experienced during the early life stages. This study concentrates on the influence of different ambient salinities on sprat egg development, egg buoyancy and survival as well as early yolk sac larval morphometric traits. Egg buoyancy significantly decreased with increasing salinity experienced during fertilization and/or incubation experiments. Field egg buoyancy measurements in 2007 and 2008 exhibited annual and seasonal differences in specific gravity, potentially associated with changes in adult sprat vertical distribution. Neither egg development time nor the duration of the yolk sac phase differed among salinity treatments. At eye pigmentation, larval standard length exhibited high variance among individuals but did not differ among treatments. The largest ecological impact of salinity experienced during spawning was the modification the buoyancy of eggs and yolk sac larvae, which determines their vertical habitat in the Baltic Sea. There are strong thermo- and oxyclines in the Baltic Sea, and thus salinity can indirectly impact the survival of these early life stages by modifying the ambient temperatures and oxygen conditions experienced.
Relative importance of water column vs zooplankton variables in the determination of late-stage larval fish assemblage structure in coastal waters of a coral reef lagoon
Authors: Carassou Laure , Ponton Dominique
Published: October 2009

The relationship between fish larvae and their zooplanktonic prey has not been fully explored for late-stage larvae of coral-reef fish in lagoonal environments. However, compared to most temperate taxa, these larvae are characterized by strong sensory and swimming abilities, which may influence their feeding behaviour in the water column. The present study aims to determine the relative importance of the water column and zooplankton variables for the structure of pre-settlement larval fish assemblages within a single season in three bays of the coral reef lagoon of New Caledonia, southwest Pacific. The structure of larval assemblages was found to be explained better by water column variables in two out of the three bays examined. Zooplankton variables only played a role in one bay out of the three, probably due to the lower variability in the water column variables. Moreover, the relationship between total larval fish abundance and zooplankton density was not significant in any of the three bays. These results suggest that the relationship between late-stage coral-reef fish larvae and their prey: 1) is difficult to detect at small spatial and temporal scales, 2) is probably complex and non-linear, 3) depends on environmental conditions, and 4) probably varies between fish taxa.
Physiological study of larval fishes: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Burggren Warren , Blank Tara
Published: October 2009

Physiological studies of larval fishes have lagged far behind those of adults, yet offer tremendous opportunities for expanding our knowledge of the basic biology of both marine and freshwater fishes. Physiological studies of larval fishes can also improve research and management in areas of applied science, such as aquaculture, fisheries, and environmental assessment. Additionally, larval fishes can be highly effective as general animal models for understanding evolution, development and disease processes in vertebrates. While the small size of larval fishes may initially seem to preclude detailed physiological measurements, physiologists have taken advantage of larval transparency and permeability to drugs and toxins to collect many forms of quantitative physiological data. In this essay we present a number of microtechniques currently employed in larval fish to study the cardiovascular, muscular, neurological, and ionoregulatory systems. Several interesting phenomena, including allometry, developmental plasticity and epigenetic effects, are then discussed from the perspective of the specific contributions that have been or can be made by studies of fish larvae. Ultimately, the integration of larval fish physiology with studies of morphology and behaviour, is both highly feasibly and likely to strengthen basic and applied research in fishes.