bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Du bricolage au tissage, à la recherche d’un fil rouge
Authors: Segers-Laurent Annig , Wenderickx Véronique , Piccirelli Claudio , De Spiegeleer Nicolas
Published: April 2016

Le travail en institution se situe à la croisée de trois mondes : la Société, la Famille, l’Institution. Ils sont aussi trois mondes de représentations différentes tant des problèmes que des demandes et des solutions recherchées ou attendues. Dans ce contexte, des étapes préalables au démarrage d’un processus d’intervention proprement dit s’avèrent indispensables. Les auteurs développent ces étapes et montrent comment elles permettent de déboucher sur un objectif et un processus d’intervention donnés, délimités par le mandat institutionnel qui tient ici une place centrale et qui définit le cadre dans lequel toute action peut s’insérer. Chaque travailleur institutionnel peut alors trouver sa juste place et remplir son rôle dans une co-construction en réflexion permanente au sein des équipes et dans un partenariat entre les 3 mondes.
Répétition, passage à l’acte et clinique du point d’ancrage dans des services d’urgences psychiatriques
Authors: Desmurger Sandrine , Helszajn Diane , Stavraetou Kiriaki , Vercruysse Nathalie , Fouchet Philippe
Published: April 2016

Dans une société où rapidité et efficacité sont des maîtres mots, à quoi ressemble un service d’urgences psychiatriques ? Comment accueille-t-on des sujets psychotiques qui se présentent encore et encore et qui sont violents envers eux-mêmes ou envers les équipes ? Quel travail peut être réalisé lorsque le sujet est pris dans un phénomène de répétition qui le ramène à la place d’objet-déchet qu’il se sent occuper ? Ophélie est une jeune femme bien connue des institutions psychiatriques. Elle se présente plusieurs fois par semaine aux urgences et elle est mise en observation à de nombreuses reprises du fait d’un comportement suicidaire. Toutefois, elle finira par être sur la liste noire de la plupart des salles fermées de Bruxelles. Après un an, pour elle, un point d’ancrage émerge de l’un des services d’urgences de la ville ; des suivis hebdomadaires se mettent en place ; ses rapports au corps et à l’Autre sont plus apaisés. Ainsi, au regard de la clinique au sein des urgences psychiatriques, répétition et passage à l’acte ne sont pas antinomiques d’une construction de points d’ancrage.
Les exonérations de cotisations sociales patronales : une évaluation à partir d’un modèle de croissance et de rentabilité de la firme
Authors: Garsaa Aziza
Published: April 2016

Jugé excessif, le coût du travail est considéré par certains comme le principal frein au développement des entreprises en France. En réduisant les cotisations sociales à la charge de l’employeur, les politiques d’exonération visent à agir sur l’emploi en rendant son prix plus attractif. À la différence des travaux antérieurs, basés sur une approche relevant de l’économie du travail, le présent article propose une évaluation fondée sur une approche d’économie industrielle. L’impact de l’allègement du coût du travail est analysé à l’aide de modèles de croissance de l’emploi et de rentabilité de la firme dans lesquels le taux d’exonération figure comme variable explicative. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les exonérations de cotisations sociales patronales ont eu un effet positif, mais relativement faible, sur l’emploi. Les entreprises n’affectent donc pas l’intégralité de la réduction du coût du travail permise par l’allègement des cotisations sociales patronales à la réduction de leurs prix de vente, mais en captent une partie pour restaurer ou augmenter leurs marges.
Les effets de l’invitation européenne à agir sur la conciliation emploi-famille : une analyse comparée de la négociation collective en France et au Luxembourg
Authors: Brochard Delphine , Blond-Hanten Carole , Robert Fanny
Published: April 2016

L’article s’interroge sur l’effectivité de l’invitation faite par les instances européennes aux États membres et aux partenaires sociaux d’agir en faveur d’une meilleure conciliation de la vie professionnelle et de la vie familiale, notamment à travers le dialogue social. Il étudie plus précisément la réponse des partenaires sociaux dans le cadre de deux pays, la France et le Luxembourg, présentant une convention de genre et un système de relations professionnelles bien différenciés. Après avoir explicité la nature de l’invitation européenne et ses déclinaisons institutionnelles en France et au Luxembourg, l’article procède à une analyse exploratoire du produit de la négociation collective aux niveaux de la branche et de l’entreprise sur la base d’un échantillon comparable en France et au Luxembourg. La question qui est posée est plus précisément d’apprécier sous quelle forme et avec quel contenu la thématique de la conciliation emploi-famille a été négociée dans cet échantillon restreint, pour mieux en saisir la portée, en rapportant ces résultats à la diversité des dispositifs institutionnels existants.
Les indicateurs de la précarité énergétique en France
Authors: Charlier Dorothée , Risch Anna , Salmon Claire
Published: April 2016

En France, un ménage sur cinq éprouverait des difficultés à chauffer son logement. Nos objectifs dans cet article sont i) de discuter les indicateurs utilisés pour estimer la précarité énergétique et ii) d’étudier le profil des ménages considérés comme précaires énergétiques afin de mettre en évidence les facteurs de risque. Les résultats montrent les limites des indicateurs utilisés, ce qui nous amène à proposer une échelle de précarité : des ménages identifiés comme les plus vulnérables (souvent locataires, à faible revenu, vivant dans des logements mal isolés et faisant donc face à des dépenses énergétiques élevées), entourés d’un halo de précarité.
Gastric infarction following gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Do Patrick H , Kang Young S , Cahill Peter
Published: April 2016

Gastric infarction is an extremely rare occurrence owing to the stomach's extensive vascular supply. We report an unusual case of gastric infarction following gastric bypass surgery. We describe the imaging findings and discuss possible causes of this condition.
Structures of Preferred Human IgV Genes–Based Protective Antibodies Identify How Conserved Residues Contact Diverse Antigens and Assign Source of Specificity to CDR3 Loop Variation
Authors: Bryson Steve , Thomson Christy A. , Risnes Louise F. , Dasgupta Somnath , Smith Kenneth , Schrader John W. , Pai Emil F.
Published: April 2016

The human Ab response to certain pathogens is oligoclonal, with preferred IgV genes being used more frequently than others. A pair of such preferred genes, IGVK3-11 and IGVH3-30, contributes to the generation of protective Abs directed against the 23F serotype of the pneumonococcal capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae and against the AD-2S1 peptide of the gB membrane protein of human CMV. Structural analyses of Fab fragments of mAbs 023.102 and pn132p2C05 in complex with portions of the 23F polysaccharide revealed five germline-encoded residues in contact with the key component, l-rhamnose. In the case of the AD-2S1 peptide, the KE5 Fab fragment complex identified nine germline-encoded contact residues. Two of these germline-encoded residues, Arg91L and Trp94L, contact both the l-rhamnose and the AD-2S1 peptide. Comparison of the respective paratopes that bind to carbohydrate and protein reveals that stochastic diversity in both CDR3 loops alone almost exclusively accounts for their divergent specificity. Combined evolutionary pressure by human CMV and the 23F serotype of S. pneumoniae acted on the IGVK3-11 and IGVH3-30 genes as demonstrated by the multiple germline-encoded amino acids that contact both l-rhamnose and AD-2S1 peptide.
Hyperoxic Exposure of Immature Mice Increases the Inflammatory Response to Subsequent Rhinovirus Infection: Association with Danger Signals
Authors: Cui Tracy X. , Maheshwer Bhargavi , Hong Jun Y. , Goldsmith Adam M. , Bentley J. Kelley , Popova Antonia P.
Published: April 2016

Infants with a history of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia have a high risk of asthma and viral-induced exacerbations later in life. We hypothesized that hyperoxic exposure, a predisposing factor to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, modulates the innate immune response, producing an exaggerated proinflammatory reaction to viral infection. Two- to 3-d-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed to air or 75% oxygen for 14 d. Mice were infected intranasally with rhinovirus (RV) immediately after O2 exposure. Lung mRNA and protein expression, histology, dendritic cells (DCs), and airway responsiveness were assessed 1–12 d postinfection. Tracheal aspirates from premature human infants were collected for mRNA detection. Hyperoxia increased lung IL-12 expression, which persisted up to 12 d postexposure. Hyperoxia-exposed RV-infected mice showed further increases in IL-12 and increased expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4, as well as increased airway inflammation and responsiveness. In RV-infected, air-exposed mice, the response was not significant. Induced IL-12 expression in hyperoxia-exposed, RV-infected mice was associated with increased IL-12–producing CD103+ lung DCs. Hyperoxia also increased expression of Clec9a, a CD103+ DC-specific damaged cell-recognition molecule. Hyperoxia increased levels of ATP metabolites and expression of adenosine receptor A1, further evidence of cell damage and related signaling. In human preterm infants, tracheal aspirate Clec9a expression positively correlated with the level of prematurity. Hyperoxic exposure increases the activation of CD103+, Clec9a+ DCs, leading to increased inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness upon RV infection. In premature infants, danger signal–induced DC activation may promote proinflammatory airway responses, thereby increasing respiratory morbidity.
Mathematical Aspects of General Relativity
Authors: Dafermos Mihalis , Isenberg James , Ringström Hans
Published: April 2016

The general theory of relativity is a remarkably accurate theory of gravitation, describing phenomena from the level of isolated bodies to the universe as a whole. The mathematical study of this theory leads to fascinating problems connecting the areas of partial differential equations, geometry and topology with physics. The talks of the workshop illustrated the rapid progress in this subject over the last few years
Interplay of Analysis and Probability in Applied Mathematics
Authors: Betz Volker , König Wolfgang , Theil Florian , Zimmer Johannes
Published: April 2016

This workshop brought together analysts and probabilists working on problems at some of the many interfaces of these two fields. Most of the problems discussed during the meeting have their origin in physics or chemistry. The workshop was grouped around the four themes (1) condensation in random structures, (2) disordered systems, (3) discrete-to-continuum transitions, (4) atomistic and molecular systems.
Applied Harmonic Analysis and Sparse Approximation
Authors: Daubechies Ingrid , Kutyniok Gitta , Rauhut Holger , Strohmer Thomas
Published: April 2016

Efficiently analyzing functions, in particular multivariate functions, is a key problem in applied mathematics. The area of applied harmonic analysis has a significant impact on this problem by providing methodologies both for theoretical questions and for a wide range of applications in technology and science, such as image processing. Approximation theory, in particular the branch of the theory of sparse approximations, is closely intertwined with this area with a lot of recent exciting developments in the intersection of both. Research topics typically also involve related areas such as convex optimization, probability theory, and Banach space geometry. The workshop was the continuation of a first event in 2012 and intended to bring together world leading experts in these areas, to report on recent developments, and to foster new developments and collaborations.
Reductions of Shimura Varieties
Authors: Fargues Laurent , Görtz Ulrich , Viehmann Eva , Wedhorn Torsten
Published: April 2016

The aim of this workshop was to discuss recent developments in the theory of reductions of Shimura varieties and related topics. The talks presented new methods and results that intertwine a multitude of topics such as geometry and cohomology of moduli spaces of abelian varieties,

p

-divisible groups and Drinfeld shtukas,

p

-adic Hodge theory, and the Langlands program.
The Mathematics and Statistics of Quantitative Risk Management
Authors: Davis Richard A. , Embrechts Paul , Mikosch Thomas , Patton Andrew J.
Published: April 2016

It was the aim of this workshop to gather a multidisclipinary and international group of scientists at the forefront of research in econometrics, financial time series analysis, extreme value theory, financial mathematics, insurance mathematics and quantitative risk management. The heterogeneous composition of this group of researchers allowed one to discuss different facets of the mathematics and statistics of quantitative risk management, to communicate the state-of-the-art in the different areas, and to point towards new directions of research.
Асимптотическое исследование задачи о максимальном числе ребер однородного гиперграфа с одним запрещенным пересечением
Authors: Bobu Andrei Viktorovich , Kupriyanov Aleksandr Eduardovich , Raigorodskii Andrei Mikhailovich
Published: April 2016

Исследуются величины $m(n,k,t)$ максимально возможного числа ребер в $k$-однородном гиперграфе, обладающем тем свойством, что никакие два ребра не пересекаются по $t$ вершинам. Подробно рассматривается случай, когда $k \sim k'n$, $t \sim t'n$ при $n \to \infty$, а $k' \in (0,1)$, $t' \in (0,k')$ - фиксированные константы. В случае $2t < k$ доказывается асимптотическая точность верхней оценки Франкла-Уилсона, в случае $2t \geqslant k$ приводятся новые нижние оценки величины $m(n,k,t)$. На основании последних получены верхние оценки классической в теории кодирования величины $A(n,2\delta,\omega)$ - максимального числа двоичных векторов длины $n$ и веса $\omega$, находящихся друг от друга на хэмминговом расстоянии не менее $2\delta$.
Библиография: 38 названий.
Непрерывные потоки Морса-Смейла с тремя состояниями равновесия
Authors: Zhuzhoma Evgenii Viktorovich , Medvedev Vladislav Sergeevich
Published: April 2016

Рассматриваются непрерывные потоки Морса-Смейла, неблуждающее множество которых состоит из трех состояний равновесия, на замкнутых многообразиях. Получены необходимые и достаточные условия топологической эквивалентности таких потоков и описана топологическая структура несущих многообразий.
Библиография: 36 названий.
Concise Review: Bridging the Gap: Novel Neuroregenerative and Neuroprotective Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Ahuja Christopher S. , Fehlings Michael
Published: April 2016

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) result in devastating lifelong disability for patients and their families. The initial mechanical trauma is followed by a damaging secondary injury cascade involving proapoptotic signaling, ischemia, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Ongoing cellular necrosis releases ATP, DNA, glutamate, and free radicals to create a cytotoxic postinjury milieu. Long-term regeneration of lost or injured networks is further impeded by cystic cavitation and the formation of an inhibitory glial-chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan scar. In this article, we discuss important neuroprotective interventions currently applied in clinical practice, including surgical decompression, blood pressure augmentation, and i.v. methylprednisolone. We then explore exciting translational therapies on the horizon, such as riluzole, minocycline, fibroblast growth factor, magnesium, and hypothermia. Finally, we summarize the key neuroregenerative strategies of the next decade, including glial scar degradation, Rho-ROCK inhibition, cell-based therapies, and novel bioengineered adjuncts. Throughout, we emphasize the need for combinatorial approaches to this multifactorial problem and discuss relevant studies at the forefront of translation. We conclude by providing our perspectives on the future direction of SCI research.

Significance

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) result in devastating, lifelong disability for patients and their families. This article discusses important neuroprotective interventions currently applied in clinical practice, including surgical decompression, blood pressure augmentation, and i.v. methylprednisolone. Translational therapies on the horizon are discussed, such as riluzole, minocycline, fibroblast growth factor, magnesium, and hypothermia. The key neuroregenerative strategies of the next decade are summarized, including glial scar degradation, Rho-ROCK inhibition, cell-based therapies, and novel bioengineered adjuncts. The need for combinatorial approaches to this multifactorial problem is emphasized, relevant studies at the forefront of translation are discussed, and perspectives on the future direction of SCI research are presented.
Characterization of geolocation accuracy of Suomi NPP Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder measurements
Authors: Han Yang , Weng Fuzhong , Zou Xiaolei , Yang Hu , Scott Deron
Published: April 2016

The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership satellite has 22 channels at frequencies ranging from 23 to 183 GHz for probing the atmospheric temperature and moisture under all weather conditions. As part of the ATMS calibration and validation activities, the geolocation accuracy of ATMS data must be well characterized and documented. In this study, the coastline crossing method (CCM) and the land‐sea fraction method (LFM) are utilized to characterize and quantify the ATMS geolocation accuracy. The CCM is based on the inflection points of the ATMS window channel measurements across the coastlines, whereas the LFM collocates the ATMS window channel data with high‐resolution land‐sea mask data sets. Since the ATMS measurements provide five pairs of latitude and longitude data for K, Ka, V, W, and G bands, respectively, the window channels 1, 2, 3, 16, and 17 from each of these five bands are chosen for assessing the overall geolocation accuracy. ATMS geolocation errors estimated from both methods are generally consistent from 40 cases in June 2014. The ATMS along‐track (cross‐track) errors at nadir are within ±4.2 km (±1.2 km) for K/Ka, ±2.6 km (±2.7 km) for V bands, and ±1.2 km (±0.6 km) at W and G bands, respectively. At the W band, the geolocation errors derived from both algorithms are probably less reliable due to a reduced contrast of brightness temperatures in coastal areas. These estimated ATMS along‐track and cross‐track geolocation errors are well within the uncertainty requirements for all bands.
The impact of wave‐mean flow interaction on the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex after tropical volcanic eruptions
Authors: Bittner Matthias , Timmreck Claudia , Schmidt Hauke , Toohey Matthew , Krüger Kirstin
Published: April 2016

The current generation of Earth system models that participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) does not, on average, produce a strengthened Northern Hemisphere (NH) polar vortex after large tropical volcanic eruptions as suggested by observational records. Here we investigate the impact of volcanic eruptions on the NH winter stratosphere with an ensemble of 20 model simulations of the Max Planck Institute Earth system model. We compare the dynamical impact in simulations of the very large 1815 Tambora eruption with the averaged dynamical response to the two largest eruptions of the CMIP5 historical simulations (the 1883 Krakatau and the 1991 Pinatubo eruptions). We find that for both the Tambora and the averaged Krakatau‐Pinatubo eruptions the radiative perturbation only weakly affects the polar vortex directly. The position of the maximum temperature anomaly gradient is located at approximately 30°N, where we obtain significant westerly zonal wind anomalies between 10 hPa and 30 hPa. Under the very strong forcing of the Tambora eruption, the NH polar vortex is significantly strengthened because the subtropical westerly wind anomalies are sufficiently strong to robustly alter the propagation of planetary waves. The average response to the eruptions of Krakatau and Pinatubo reveals a slight strengthening of the polar vortex, but individual ensemble members differ substantially, indicating that internal variability plays a dominant role. For the Tambora eruption the ensemble variability of the zonal mean temperature and zonal wind anomalies during midwinter and late winter is significantly reduced compared to the volcanically unperturbed period.
Effect of climate data on simulated carbon and nitrogen balances for Europe
Authors: Blanke Jan Hendrik , Lindeskog Mats , Lindström Johan , Lehsten Veiko
Published: April 2016

In this study, we systematically assess the spatial variability in carbon and nitrogen balance simulations related to the choice of global circulation models (GCMs), representative concentration pathways (RCPs), spatial resolutions, and the downscaling methods used as calculated with LPJ‐GUESS. We employed a complete factorial design and performed 24 simulations for Europe with different climate input data sets and different combinations of these four factors. Our results reveal that the variability in simulated output in Europe is moderate with 35.6%–93.5% of the total variability being common among all combinations of factors. The spatial resolution is the most important factor among the examined factors, explaining 1.5%–10.7% of the total variability followed by GCMs (0.3%–7.6%), RCPs (0%–6.3%), and downscaling methods (0.1%–4.6%). The higher‐order interactions effect that captures nonlinear relations between the factors and random effects is pronounced and accounts for 1.6%–45.8% to the total variability. The most distinct hot spots of variability include the mountain ranges in North Scandinavia and the Alps, and the Iberian Peninsula. Based on our findings, we advise to conduct the application of models such as LPJ‐GUESS at a reasonably high spatial resolution which is supported by the model structure. There is no notable gain in simulations of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks and fluxes from using regionally downscaled climate in preference to bias‐corrected, bilinearly interpolated CMIP5 projections.
Variability and trends in Southern Ocean eddy activity in 1/12° ocean model simulations
Authors: Patara Lavinia , Böning Claus W. , Biastoch Arne
Published: April 2016

The response of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) to the strengthening of Southern Hemisphere winds occurring since the 1950s is investigated with a global ocean model having a resolution of 1/12° in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current domain. The simulations expose regional differences in the relative importance of stochastic and wind‐related contributions to interannual EKE changes. In the Pacific and Indian sectors the model captures the EKE variability observed since 1993 and confirms previous hypotheses of a lagged response to regional wind stress anomalies. Here the multidecadal trend in wind stress is reflected in an increase in EKE typically exceeding 5 cm2 s−2 decade−1. In the western Atlantic, EKE variability is mostly stochastic, is weakly correlated with wind fluctuations, and its multidecadal trends are close to zero. The nonuniform distribution of wind‐related changes in the eddy activity could affect the regional patterns of ocean circulation and biogeochemical responses to future climate change.
Evidence of kinetic Alfvén eigenmode in the near‐Earth magnetotail during substorm expansion phase
Authors: Duan S. P. , Dai Lei , Wang Chi , Liang J. , Lui A. T. Y. , Chen L. J. , He Z. H. , Zhang Y. C. , Angelopoulos V.
Published: April 2016

Unipolar pulses of kinetic Alfvén waves (KAW) are first observed in the near‐Earth plasma sheet (NEPS) associated with dipolarizations during substorm expansion phases. Two similar events are studied with Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) observations during substorms on 3 February 2008 and 7 February 2008. The unipolar pulses were located at a trough‐like Alfvén speed profile in the northern plasma sheet at a distance of 10–11 RE from Earth. The dominant wave components consist of a southward δEz toward the neutral plane and a +δBy toward the dusk. The |δEz|/|δBy| ratio was in the range of a few times the local Alfvén speed, a strong indication of KAW nature. The wave Poynting flux was earthward and nearly parallel to the background magnetic field. The pulse was associated with an earthward field‐aligned current carried by electrons. These observational facts strongly indicate a KAW eigenmode that is confined by the plasma sheet but propagates earthward along the field line. The KAW eigenmode was accompanied by short timescale (1 min) dipolarizations likely generated by transient magnetotail reconnection. The observed polarity of the KAW field/current is consistent with that of the Hall field/current in magnetic reconnection, supporting the scenario that the Hall fields/current propagate out from reconnection site as KAW eigenmodes. Aurora images on the footprint of THEMIS spacecraft suggest that KAW eigenmode may power aurora brightening during substorm expansion phase.
On the current density reduction ahead of dipolarization fronts
Authors: Lu San , Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. , Lu Quanming , Liu Jiang
Published: April 2016

During their earthward propagation, dipolarization fronts (DFs) interact with the ambient plasma sheet on kinetic scales. The interaction region is important to the front's structure, propagation, and regional closure of the current system. However, the physics in this region, especially of its current system, is poorly understood. We present Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) observations of the interaction region between DFs and the ambient plasma sheet at x ~ − 12 RE downtail; these observations show that the current density ahead of the DFs is significantly reduced near the neutral plane. We use a two‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell model to simulate the current density reduction ahead of DFs and investigate the physical mechanism that causes it: Ion reflection and acceleration at the front cause positive charge density to build up. The resultant electrostatic field, Ez, is directed away from the neutral plane. The positive cross‐tail Ez × Bx drift of electrons (which remain magnetized) does not affect demagnetized ions. This electron‐ion decoupling results in a dawnward cross‐field current carried by electrons that reduces the cross‐tail current ahead of the approaching front.
Fully Transparent Nanocomposite Coating with an Amorphous Alumina Matrix and Exceptional Wear and Scratch Resistance
Authors: Valant Matjaz , Luin Uroš , Fanetti Mattia , Mavrič Andraž , Vyshniakova Kateryna , Siketić Zdravko , Kalin Mitjan
Published: April 2016

This study presents a method for high temperature stabilization of amorphous alumina. The strain‐induced stabilization is obtained by dispersion of rigid globular polycarbosilane macromolecules within an alumina matrix. The alumina matrix remains amorphous even at 1200 °C. This study confirms the chemical composition of the coating with an advanced chemical depth‐profile analysis and shows its nanostructure by transmission electron microscopy. Based on this amorphous nanocomposite, a new facile and inexpensive coating for mechanical protection of glass surfaces is further developed. The nanocomposite coating is characterized by a full optical transparency and exceptional tribological characteristics. The wear resistance exceeds that of the current advanced ion‐exchanged boroaluminosilicate glass by a factor of 25–35 whereas its scratch resistance is exceeded by more than an order of magnitude.
Flexible Inkjet‐Printed Multielectrode Arrays for Neuromuscular Cartography
Authors: Roberts Timothée , De Graaf Jozina B. , Nicol Caroline , Hervé Thierry , Fiocchi Michel , Sanaur Sébastien
Published: April 2016

Flexible Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) conductive‐polymer multielectrode arrays (MEAs) are fabricated without etching or aggressive lift‐off processes, only by additive solution processes. Inkjet printing technology has several advantages, such as a customized design and a rapid realization time, adaptability to different patients and to different applications. In particular, inkjet printing technology, as additive and “contactless” technology, can be easily inserted into various technological fabrication steps on different substrates at low cost. In vivo electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements show the time stability of such MEAs. An equivalent circuit model is established for such flexible cutaneous MEAs. It is shown that the charge transfer resistance remains the same, even two months after fabrication. Surface electromyography and electrocardiography measurements show that the PEDOT:PSS MEAs record electrophysiological activity signals that are comparable to those obtained with unitary Ag/AgCl commercial electrodes. Additionally, such MEAs offer parallel and simultaneous recordings on multiple locations at high surface density. It also proves its suitability to reconstruct an innervation zone map and opens new perspectives for a better control of amputee's myoelectric prostheses. The employment of additive technologies such as inkjet printing suggests that the integration of multifunctional sensors can improve the performances of ultraflexible brain‐computer interfaces.
High‐Performance Li–O2 Batteries with Controlled Li2O2 Growth in Graphene/Au‐Nanoparticles/Au‐Nanosheets Sandwich
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Tu Fangfang , Xie Jian , Du Gaohui , Zhang Shichao , Cao Gaoshao , Zhao Xinbing
Published: April 2016

The working of nonaqueous Li–O2 batteries relies on the reversible formation/decomposition of Li2O2 which is electrically insulating and reactive with carbon and electrolyte. Realizing controlled growth of Li2O2 is a prerequisite for high performance of Li–O2 batteries. In this work, a sandwich‐structured catalytic cathode is designed: graphene/Au‐nanoparticles/Au‐nanosheets (G/Au‐NP/Au‐NS) that enables controlled growth of Li2O2 spatially and structurally. It is found that thin‐layer Li2O2 (below 10 nm) can grow conformally on the surface of Au NPs confined in between graphene and Au NSs. This unique crystalline behavior of Li2O2 effectively relieves or defers the electrode deactivation with Li2O2 accumulation and largely reduces the contact of Li2O2 with graphene and electrolyte. As a result, Li–O2 batteries with the G/Au‐NP/Au‐NS cathode exhibit superior electrochemical performance. A stable cycling of battery can last 300 times at 400 mA g−1 when the capacity is limited at 500 mAh g−1. This work provides a practical design of catalytic cathodes capable of controlling Li2O2 growth.
Mathematical modeling of a moving bed reactor for post‐combustion CO2 capture
Authors: Kim Hosoo , Miller David C. , Modekurti Srinivasarao , Omell Benjamin , Bhattacharyya Debangsu , Zitney Stephen E.
Published: April 2016

A mathematical model for a moving bed reactor with embedded heat exchanger has been developed for application to solid sorbent‐based capture of carbon dioxide from flue gas emitted by coal‐fired power plants. The reactor model is one‐dimensional, non‐isothermal, and pressure‐driven. The two‐phase (gas and solids) model includes rigorous kinetics and heat and mass transfer between the two phases. Flow characteristics of the gas and solids in the moving bed are obtained by analogy with correlations for fixed and fluidized bed systems. From the steady‐state perspective, this work presents the impact of key design variables that can be used for optimization. From the dynamic perspective, the article shows transient profiles of key outputs that should be taken into account while designing an effective control system. In addition, the article also presents performance of a model predictive controller for the moving bed regenerator under process constraints. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3899–3914, 2016
On the role of a torsion‐like field in a scenario for the Spin Hall Effect
Authors: Godinho C. F. L. , Neto J. A. Helayël
Published: April 2016

Starting from a field theory action that describes a Dirac fermion, we propose and analyze a model based on a low‐relativistic Pauli equation coupled to a torsion‐like term to study Spin Hall Effect (SHE). We point out a very particular connection between the modified Pauli equation and the (SHE), where what we refer to torsion as field playing an important role in the spin‐orbit (SO) coupling process. In this scenario, we present a proposal of a spin‐type current, considering the tiny contributions of torsion in connection with intrinsic anisotropy of the crystal electric field.
Cobalt‐Nanocrystal‐Assembled Hollow Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Generation from Neutral‐pH Water
Authors: Liu Bingrui , Zhang Lin , Xiong Weilin , Ma Mingming
Published: April 2016

Highly active and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation from neutral‐pH water are highly desired, but very difficult to achieve. Herein we report a facile synthetic approach to cobalt nanocrystal assembled hollow nanoparticles (Co‐HNP), which serve as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen generation from neutral‐pH water. An electrode composed of Co‐HNP on a carbon cloth (CC) produces cathodic current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of −85 mV and −237 mV, respectively. The Co‐HNP/CC electrode retains its high activity after 20 h hydrogen generation at a high current density of 150 mA cm−2, indicating the superior activity and stability of Co‐HNP as electrocatalyst.
Synthesis of 2H‐Azirines by Iridium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Ring Contraction of Isoxazol‐5(4H)‐ones
Authors: Okamoto Kazuhiro , Shimbayashi Takuya , Yoshida Masato , Nanya Atsushi , Ohe Kouichi
Published: April 2016

A phosphine‐free iridium‐catalyzed reaction of isoxazol‐5(4H)‐ones (isoxazolones) has been developed, and affords 2H‐azirines through decarboxylation and ring contraction. This method provides an efficient and environmentally benign protocol which could replace the conventional approaches used to synthesize 2H‐azirines.
Highly Active Titanocene Catalysts for Epoxide Hydrosilylation: Synthesis, Theory, Kinetics, EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Henriques Dina Schwarz G. , Zimmer Katharina , Klare Sven , Meyer Andreas , Rojo‐Wiechel Elena , Bauer Mirko , Sure Rebecca , Grimme Stefan , Schiemann Olav , Flowers Robert A. , Gansäuer Andreas
Published: April 2016

A catalytic system for titanocene‐catalyzed epoxide hydrosilylation is described. It features a straightforward preparation of titanocene hydrides that leads to a reaction with low catalyst loading, high yields, and high selectivity of radical reduction. The mechanism was studied by a suite of methods, including kinetic studies, EPR spectroscopy, and computational methods. An unusual resting state leads to the observation of an inverse rate order with respect to the epoxide.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Novel Phosphorylated Derivatives of Didanosine Against Newcastle Disease Virus in Chicken
Authors: Suresh Karanam Anandan , Kadiam Venkata Subbaiah C. , Basha Thaslim S. K. , Chamarti Naga Raju , Kumar Suresh M. , Wudayagiri Rajendra , Valluru Lokanatha
Published: April 2016

A series of novel phosphorylated derivatives of didanosine were designed and docking studies were performed with a fusion protein of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), to develop antiviral compounds against NDV. Based on the docking scores and binding affinities, three derivatives were selected. These compounds were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H, 13C, 31P, and CHN analysis and mass spectra. They were assessed for their in vitro antiviral activity in DF‐1 cells; DDI‐10 showed better antiviral activity as evidenced by significant reduction in plaque formation and cytopathic effects. DDI‐10 was further evaluated in NDV‐infected chicken; the survival rates and antioxidant enzyme levels in brain, liver, and lung tissues were estimated. Superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly raised, and lipid peroxidation and HA titer levels were decreased upon treatment with 1.5 mg/kg body weight of DDI‐10 than with 3 mg/kg body weight of DDI. Further histopathological alterations in NDV‐infected tissues were restored in chicken treated with DDI‐10. Thus, based on the results from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays, the novel phosphorylated DDI‐10 might be considered as potent antiviral compound for NDV infection in chicken.
The Pathmox approach for PLS path modeling segmentation
Authors: Lamberti Giuseppe , Aluja Tomas Banet , Sanchez Gaston
Published: April 2016

Modeling has often failed to meet expectations, mostly because of the difficulty of comprehending relationships within phenomena and expressing them in mathematical models. Reality is frequently too complex to be reflected in a single model. This is often the case of marketing research, where variables relating to socioeconomics or psychographics constitute potential sources of heterogeneity. In such cases, the assumption of ‘one model fits all’ is unrealistic and may lead to inaccurate decisions. Thus, heterogeneity is a major issue in modeling. Once a model has been fitted to a complete data set that fulfills all validation criteria, it is difficult to establish whether it is valid for the whole population or it is merely an average artifact from several sub‐populations. The purpose of this paper is to present the Pathmox approach to deal with heterogeneity in partial least squares path modeling. The idea behind Pathmox is to build a tree of path models that have look‐alike structure as a binary decision tree, with different models for each of its nodes. The split criterion consists of an F statistic comparing two structural models. In order to ensure the suitability of the split criterion, a simulation study was conducted. Finally, we have applied Pathmox to a survey that measured Satisfaction among Spanish mobile phone operators. Results suggest that the Pathmox approach performs adequately in detecting partial least squares path modeling heterogeneity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pilot‐scale cellulosic ethanol production using eucalyptus biomass pre‐treated by dilute acid and steam explosion
Authors: McIntosh Shane , Zhang Zhanying , Palmer Janice , Wong Heng‐Ho , Doherty William O.S. , Vancov Tony
Published: April 2016

The widespread deployment of commercial‐scale cellulosic ethanol currently hinges on developing and evaluating scalable processes whilst broadening feedstock options. This study investigates whole Eucalyptus grandis trees as a potential feedstock and demonstrates dilute acid pre‐treatment (with steam explosion) followed by pre‐saccharification simultaneous saccharification fermentation process (PSSF) as a suitable, scalable strategy for the production of bioethanol. Biomass was pre‐treated in dilute H2SO4 at laboratory scale (0.1 kg) and pilot scale (10 kg) to evaluate the effect of combined severity factor (CSF) on pre‐treatment effectiveness. Subsequently, pilot‐scale pre‐treated residues (15 wt.%) were converted to ethanol in a PSSF process at 2 L and 300 L scales. Good polynomial correlations (n = 2) of CSF with hemicellulose removal and glucan digestibility with a minimum R2 of 0.91 were recorded. The laboratory‐scale 72 h glucan digestibility and glucose yield was 68.0% and 51.3%, respectively, from biomass pre‐treated at 190 °C /15 min/ 4.8 wt.% H2SO4. Pilot‐scale pre‐treatment (180 °C/ 15 min/2.4 wt.% H2SO4 followed by steam explosion) delivered higher glucan digestibility (71.8%) and glucose yield (63.6%). However, the ethanol yields using PSSF were calculated at 82.5 and 113 kg/ton of dry biomass for the pilot and the laboratory scales, respectively. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Polyamine signal through gap junctions: A key regulator of proliferation and gap‐junction organization in mammalian tissues?
Authors: Hamon Loic , Savarin Philippe , Pastré David
Published: April 2016

We propose that interaction rules derived from polyamine exchange in connected cells may explain the spatio‐temporal organization of gap junctions observed during tissue regeneration and tumorigenesis. We also hypothesize that polyamine exchange can be considered as signal that allows cells to sense the proliferation status of their neighbors. Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are indeed small aliphatic polycations that serve as fuels to sustain elevated proliferation rates of the order observed in cancer cells. Based on recent reports, we consider here that polyamines can be exchanged through gap junction channels between mammalian cells. Such intercellular exchange of polyamines has critical consequences on the local control of growth. In line with this hypothesis, the complex protein network that keeps polyamine levels finely tuned in mammalian cells can translate polyamine efflux or influx into integrated signals controlling transcription, translation, and cell communications.
The application of time decay characteristics of laser‐induced fluorescence in the classification of vegetation
Authors: Gong Wei , Yang Jian , Shi Shuo , Du Lin , Sun Jia , Song Shalei
Published: April 2016

In this study, the time decay of the chlorophyll fluorescence intensity (TDCFI) of vegetation was measured based on laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) technology with a 355 nm laser serving as the excitation light source. The pseudo‐color diagram of the TDCFI (PDTDCFIs) was proposed for use as a characteristic fingerprint for the analysis of various plant species based on variations in the fluorescence intensity over time. Compared with the steady‐state fluorescence spectra, two‐dimensional PDTDCFIs contained more spectral information, including variations in both the shape of the laser‐induced fluorescence spectra and the relative intensity. The experimental results demonstrated that the PDTDCFIs of various plant species show distinct differences, and this was successfully applied in the classification of plant species. Therefore, the PDTDCFIs of plants could provide researchers with a more reliable and useful tool for the characterization of vegetation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploration of electron–vibrational interaction in the 5d states of Eu2+ ions in ABaPO4 (A = Li, Na, K and Rb) phosphors
Authors: Nair Govind B. , Bhoyar P. D. , Dhoble S. J.
Published: April 2016

This work reports the theoretical analysis of the electron–vibrational interaction (EVI) in 4f–5d optical transitions of Eu2+ ions in ABaPO4 (A = Li, Na, K and Rb) systems. The EVI parameters were estimated from the recently reported room temperature photoluminescence results, by employing the spectrum‐fitting method. Parameters such as the Huang–Rhys factor, effective phonon energy, Stokes shift and zero‐phonon line position were estimated and are reported here. The estimated EVI parameters were validated by modeling the emission band and establishing the agreement between the experimental and modeled emission bands. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐Term Water Deficit Changes Cuticular Sterol Profile in the Eggplant (Solanum melongena)
Authors: Haliński Łukasz P. , Stepnowski Piotr
Published: April 2016

Crop irrigation uses a majority of a total world water supply, at the same time displaying low efficiency. As the expected, future water requirements are higher than the current ones; there is a risk of a growing deficit of water for the agricultural use. Hence, there is an arising need for better understanding the effects of water deprivation on the crop plants. Eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.) is a vegetable crop cultivated in arid and semi‐arid parts of the world. Because of its high water demands, the eggplant is a convenient model organism for studies concerning the effects of water deficit on the plant growth. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of short‐term water deficit on eggplant leaf cuticular waxes and total sterols. Water deprivation did not affect the amount and composition of aliphatic components of cuticular waxes. Significant decrease in the total cuticular sterols and the increase in cuticular cholesterol were observed as an effect of water deficit. In contrast, some of the free internal sterols were more abundant in water‐deprived plants. The possible importance of these observations, including increased biosynthesis of defensive compounds and the need to maintain the cell membrane stability, was discussed.
Langer's axillary arch
Authors: Papapanagiotou Ioannis K. , Kalles Vasileios , Migklis Kyriaki , Sgantzos Markos , Kaklamanos Ioannis , Mariolis‐Sapsakos Theodoros
Published: April 2016

Key Clinical Message

Langer's axillary arch is usually asymptomatic and difficult to detect preoperatively. When present, it is important for surgeons operating in the axillary region, to identify correctly the relevant anatomy. Simple surgical division is curative and necessary in order to achieve exposure of the axillary contents, lymphatic dissection, and neurovascular preservation.
Pseudo‐single‐atom Platinum Induced by the Promoter Confined in Brucite‐like Lattice for Catalytic Reforming
Authors: Ma Xiaodan , An Zhe , Zhu Yanru , Wang Wenlong , He Jing
Published: April 2016

Pseudo‐single atom Pt catalysts have achieved an excellent selectivity to branched paraffins and cycloalkanes in n‐hexane reforming here. Highly dispersed platinum in single‐atom and small clusters made up of several separated atoms was produced under the inducement of Sn or Zr as promoting components. The Sn or Zr oxides were topologically transformed from layered double hydroxides as precursors, and thus homogeneously dispersed owing to the confinement of the brucite‐like lattices. The lattice confinement also caused the promoter sites charge‐transferred, affording electron‐rich (Sn) or electron‐defected (Zr) sites on the surface, thereby facilitating the inducement to Pt sites. This strategy provides an effective and feasible alternative for the facile preparation of highly dispersed metal catalysts. In n‐hexane reforming, a selectivity of up to 95 % to branched paraffins and cycloalkanes was obtained with the pseudo‐single‐atom Pt catalysts.
NMR and DFT Study of the Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reaction: H/D Scrambling of Alkynes and Variable Reaction Order of the Catalyst
Authors: Kalvet Indrek , Tammiku‐Taul Jaana , Mäeorg Uno , Tämm Kaido , Burk Peeter , Sikk Lauri
Published: April 2016

Mechanism of an efficient and easily applicable catalytic system for the copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, consisting of phosphane‐ligated CuI carboxylates and apolar/aprotic solvent was investigated by means of 1H NMR reaction monitoring techniques, isotope exchange studies, and DFT calculations (at the M06L/6‐311++G(d,p)//B97D/cc‐pVDZ (SDD) level of theory). Kinetic analysis indicates 1st order kinetics with respect to [Azide] and nonlinear positive order in [Cu]. H/D scrambling between alkynes reveals a quickly reached equilibrium existing between CuI–carboxylates and CuI–acetylides and that proton transfer processes are mediated by acetate/acetic acid system. According to the computational results, the Cu–triazolide forms a dinuclear structure that equalizes the copper atoms in the catalytic complex.
Mechanochemical Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Alcohols under Ball‐Milling Conditions
Authors: Hernández José G. , Frings Marcus , Bolm Carsten
Published: April 2016

Mechanosynthesis is a valuable technique, offering attractive alternatives for the preparation of organic, inorganic, and organometallic products. Surprisingly, mechanochemical enzymatic transformations have only scarcely been studied until now. Here, we demonstrate the use of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) in acylative kinetic resolutions of secondary alcohols in mixer and planetary mills. Despite the mechanical stress caused by the high‐speed ball milling, the biocatalyst proved highly effective, stable, and, in part, recyclable under the applied mechanochemical conditions.