bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Instrumen Soal Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs) Materi Jaringan dan Organ pada Tumbuhan Kelas XI SMA
Authors: Fidia Farah , Puspitawati Rinie Pratiwi , Yakub Pramita
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan instrumen penilaian HOTS yang valid dan reliabel ditinjau dari validitas teoritis, validitas empiris, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, daya pembeda, dan respon peserta didik. Metode penelitian pengembangan ini adalah model pengembangan ADDIE (analyze, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation). Instrumen soal HOTS divalidasi teoritis oleh ahli pendidikan, ahli materi, dan guru biologi SMA mengacu pada instrumen berskala Guttman. Uji coba terbatas dilakukan pada 20 peserta didik kelas XI IPA 3 SMAN Puri Mojokerto untuk mengetahui hasil validitas empiris, tingkat kesukaran, daya pembeda, dan respon peserta didik. Hasil validitas teoritis dinyatakan sangat valid dengan nilai sebesar 90,67% pada aspek materi, 90% pada aspek konstruksi, dan 100% pada aspek bahasa. Hasil uji validitas empiris termasuk kategori valid dengan nilai sebesar 80%. Nilai reliabilitas termasuk kategori sangat reliabel dengan nilai sebesar 0,818. Indeks tingkat kesukaran butir soal memperoleh hasil 30% soal sukar, 70% soal sedang. Indeks daya pembeda butir soal menunjukkan 30% kurang, 30% cukup, dan 40% baik. Respon peserta didik diperoleh 92% kategori sangat baik Dari hasil yang diperoleh instrumen soal HOTS materi jaringan dan organ pada tumbuhan termasuk instrumen yang valid dan reliabel. 

Kata Kunci: instrumen penilaian, HOTS, soal uraian, jaringan dan organ tumbuhan.
Respon Siswa terhadap Penggunaan Google Classroom pada Mata Pelajaran OTK Humas dan Keprotokolan
Authors: Pratiwi Amalia Eka , Trisnawati Novi
Published: July 2022

Pada masa pandemi Covid-19 pemerintah mencanangkan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) yang tercantum dalam Surat Edaran Kemendikbud No 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Pencegahan Covid-19 pada Satuan Pendidikan. Salah satu platform pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan untuk pembelajaran daring yaitu Google Classroom. Google Classroom merupakan layanan web gratis yang dikembangkan oleh Google untuk melakukan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon siswa kelas XII OTKP SMKN 1 Lamongan terhadap penggunaan Google Classroom pada mata pelajaran OTK Humas dan Keprotokolan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu kuisioner yang disebarkan ke 70 siswa kelas XII OTKP melalui Google Form. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan respon Sangat Positif terhadap penggunaan Google Classroom pada mata pelajaran OTK Humas dan Keprotokolan, yaitu sebanyak 52 siswa menunjukkan respon “Sangat Positif” dan 18 siswa menunjukkan respon Positif.
Pengaruh Keterampilan Mengajar Guru, Kesiapan Belajar Dan Motivasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Mustiko Anang Bayu , Trisnawati Novi
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui: 1) Pengaruh keterampilan mengajar guru terhadap hasil belajar siswa, 2) Pengaruh kesiapan belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar siswa, 3) Pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar, 4) Pengaruh keterampilan mengajar guru terhadap motivasi belajar siswa, 5) Pengaruh kesiapan belajar terhadap motivasi belajar siswa, 6) Pengaruh tidak langsung keterampilan mengajar guru terhadap hasil belajar, dan 7) Pengaruh tidak langsung kesiapan belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar. Penelitian ini dilakukan ketika sekolah menerapkan pembelajaran online atau jarak jauh yang mana merupakan kebijakan terbaru, sehingga situasi dan kondisi di sekolah berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini mengggunakan metode kuantitatif yang mana dilakukan di SMK Negeri 1 Jati pada kelas X OTKP dengan jumlah populasi 106 yang kemudian diambil 83 sampel melalui teknik simple random sampling. Data dari sampel diambil menggunakan kuisioner dan diolah dengan analisis jalur (path analysis) dengan hasil: 1) Tidak ada pengaruh keterampilan mengajar guru terhadap hasil belajar siswa, 2) Ada pengaruh kesiapan belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar, 3) Tidak ada pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa, 4) Ada pengaruh keterampilian mengajar guru terhadap motivasi belajar siswa, 5) Ada pengaruh kesiapan belajar terhadap motivasi belajar siswa, 6) Tidak ada pengaruh tidak langsung keterampilan mengajar guru terhadap hasil belajar siswa, dan 7) Ada pengaruh tidak langsung kesiapan belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar.
Recensión del libro de Sergio Solbes Ferri y Daniel Castillo Hidalgo: La diferencia Insular. El modelo fiscal de Canarias en perspectiva histórica
Authors: Mercedes Calvo Cruz
Published: July 2022

El tema que se presenta, ha sido desarrollado por numerosos investigadores desde perspectivas diversas y centrados en determinadas rentas que formaban parte de los recursos recaudados por la Real Hacienda, como son las rentas generales, el tabaco y la aportación de los navíos de Indias en el tráfico mercantil entre la Metrópoli y las Indias Occidentales. Todas estas rentas son de sobra conocidas por Sergio Solbes, analizadas desde la óptica de la Historia Económica y en particular, los aspectos fiscales, centrados en los ingresos, gastos e instituciones de gobierno, referidos al territorio de las Islas Canarias en el siglo XVII. Estos temas constituyen una de sus líneas de investigación que viene desarrollando durante varias décadas, con excelentes resultados que han sido plasmados en diversos trabajos.
Diagnóstico antenatal obstetricia
Authors: Cañizares Plúas Madeline Zolange , Cañizares Villamar Wilson Fidel , Cañizares Plúas Wilson Andrés , Cañizares Plúas Juan Diego , Vargas Macías Carlos Andrés , Haro Baque Cesar Vladimir
Published: July 2022

Cuando hablamos de diagnóstico prenatal nos referimos al conjunto de métodos diagnósticos que tienen lugar en el transcurso del embarazo con el fin de identificar posibles defectos congénitos en el feto o factores de riesgo materno que puedan convertir al embarazo en uno de alto riesgo. Gracias a los avances tecnológicos producidos en el diagnóstico por imágenes y la genética médica en las últimas décadas el desarrollo del diagnóstico prenatal ha sido vertiginoso. En tal sentido, el feto se ha transformado en un paciente, y se le otorga tanto a este como a su familia el derecho a la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de sus patologías durante el período prenatal. Por todo ello, resulta interesante conocer todos los aspectos y conceptos relacionados con este proceso. En consecuencia, este libro ofrece a sus lectores información oportuna y relevante sobre el arte y la ciencia del diagnóstico prenatal de una forma accesible y sencilla. La obra aspira a contribuir con la divulgación de conocimientos, de un tema tan importante y de tanta actualidad tanto en el campo personal, familiar como institucional. El texto ha sido redactado técnicamente de forma clara y asequible, de fácil lectura para todo lector interesado en esta temática.
Effectiveness of Service Training Based on Education and Training Model On-In-On-In for Dual Skills Program
Authors: Purnomo Purnomo , Wahyudi Dian Julianto , Yoto Yoto , Dika Johan Wayan
Published: July 2022

The focus in this article is to reveal: (1) The purpose of participating in dual skills programs; (2) Effectiveness of In Service Training 1 (In-1); (3) Effectiveness of In Service Training 2 (In-2); (4) Competence Pedagogic and Dual Professional Teacher Skills. Dual Skills Program is the addition of assignments and functions of teachers from normative and adaptive teachers plus the task of teaching productive expertise competencies, carried out for 12 months using the On-In-On-In learning model. Type of case study research with multi-case study design. The results of this study (1) Motivation of teachers to participate in dual skills programs to obtain educator certificates and anticipate shortages of hours; (2) Implementation of In-Service Training 1 is quite effective; (3) Implementation of In Service Training 2 (In-2) is quite effective;  (4) In general On-In-On-In training is quite effective; (5) Teacher competency after training is quite good. Constraints that occur are difficult to divide the teaching time and tasks from training dual skills programs which are quite a lot. To the development of science, especially vocational education, the results of this study are expected to be used as one of the comparative studies on the theory of the effectiveness of On-In-On-In training in obtaining dual related skills: (a) The purpose of participating in a dual expertise program (b) Effectiveness of In Service Training 1 (In-1), (c) Effectiveness of In Service Training 2 (In-2), (d) Competence of Dual Skills Teachers Post-On-In-On-In Training.
Analisis Kondisi Lingkungan Fisik dan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat di Daerah Aliran Sungai Brantas Akibat Penambangan Pasir (Studi Kasus Kali Brantas Kecamatan Srengat, Kabupaten Blitar)
Authors: Atmajayani Risma Dwi
Published: July 2022

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) adalah suatu wilayah daratan yang merupakan kesatuan ekosistem dengan sungai dan anak-anak sungainya yang berfungsi menampung, menyimpan, dan mengalirkan air yang berasal dari curah hujan ke danau atau laut secara alami, yang batas di darat merupakan pemisah topografis dan batas di laut sampai dengan daerah pengairan yang masih terpengaruh aktivitas daratan (PP No.37 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai). Daerah Aliran Sungai memiliki peran yang sangat penting bagi siklus hidrologi, kemampuannya menjaga dan menjadi tempat untuk mengalirkan air dari hulu ke hilir sebagai sumber kehidupan menjadi jaminan yang akan menyatukan komponen biotik dan abiotik dalam menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi fisik lingkungan disekitar Kali Brantas akibat penambangan pasir dan mengetahui kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat disekitar Kali Brantas akibat penambangan pasir. Penelitian ini menggunakan cara pandang rasionalistik empiris, dimana permasalahan lingkungan yang dilihat akan dipaparkan secara logika. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Cara pengumpulan data, data primer diperoleh dengan survey langsung ke lokasi mengambil foto-foto kondisi eksisting dan data sekunder sebagai reverensi yang berhubungan dengan kerusakan lingkungan. Hasil dari survei lokasi kemudian dikaji untuk kemudian dibuat kesimpulan dan saran. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa kondisi lingkungan disekitar Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Brantas mengalami perubahan akibat adanya penambangan pasir dibeberapa tempat disepanjang aliran sungai. Kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat juga mengalami pergeseran karena perkembangan teknologi dan akulturasi budaya walaupun disatu sisi mereka masih memegang erat tradisi yang ada.
Assessment of Students in Online Industrial Practice Activities Using Machine Learning Based on Mobile Application
Authors: Sunarti Sunarti , Ting Hie Ling , Widyatmoko Tiksno , Bukhori Herri Akhmad
Published: July 2022

All of the learning in the pandemic era uses online learning including practical in the industry that should do all of the students to apply their knowledge.  The practical industry online is very difficult to assement students that the assessment is given from both company and the university. Companies have many parameters to assessment and each company has different parameters. This study uses 14 parameters that are generally used in assessment for practical students and the university side using 10 parameters. The problem is that every parameter has a different weight than it makes it confusing to give marks with manual assessment. This research uses machine learning to fix this problem based on mobile applications for the user interfaces. The result of testing this application had an average accuracy for assessment students based on parameters of companies and universities that is 83,3%.
Socio-Cultural and Political Image of the Volost Communities in 1917–18: Materials of the Shenkursk Uezd of the Arkhangelsk Gubernia
Authors:   M. V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation, Sokolova F. Kh. , Panikar M. M. ,   M. V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation, Beloshitskaya N. N. ,   M. V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

The article attempts to reconstruct socio-cultural and political image of a particular local community formed in a specific life environment, which influenced the behavior patterns of the population in the period of radical transformation. Analysis of the problem promotes a profound understanding of diverse revolutionary processes of 1917. The paper draws heavily upon microhistory approach with its interrelations of cultural and social contexts. According to the approach, the historic events on both individual and local levels become subjects of research. The study draws on materials of parish communities of the Shenkursk uezd of the Arkhangelsk gubernia, reflecting social, economic, cultural, and mental features of the typical northern periphery and also traditional agricultural region of Central Russia. In the days of the Civil War, the Shenkursk uezd was the epicenter of armed struggles between Bolsheviks and anti-Bolsheviks. The source base consists of published and unpublished materials. The archival sources are retrieved from the fonds of the Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Communes Union of the Northern Region (Central State Archive of St. Petersburg) and from the fonds of the Shenkursk Uezd Executive Committee of Workers’ and Peasants’ Deputies (State Archive of the Arkhangelsk region).The authors conclude that multiple factors influenced the perception of the ongoing revolutionary processes and choosing of the behavior patterns during the Revolution and the Civil War: economic activities, social status, age, educational background, political beliefs. Yet, pragmatic approach to life, inherent to their outlook, forced peasants to adapt their behavior to the rapidly changing environment. The research indicates that the rural population of the Shenkursk uezd, boasting high socio-cultural characteristics, was notable for their political involvement in the revolutionary processes of 1917–18. Political preferences of the population were multifaceted; they changed throughout the time, thus revealing the whole complexity of objective and subjective factors of the revolutionary process in Russia.
“Roof over Their Head” for Soviet Soldier in Europe and Asia: From the Epistolary Heritage of Front-Line Soldiers: 1944–45
Authors:   Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Tazhidinova Irina G.
Published: July 2022

The article reconstructs practices for solving the “housing problem” in the front-line everyday life of Soviet soldiers and officers in 1944–45, when advancing through the territory of a number of European states and participating in the Far Eastern military campaign. The topic is in the mainstream of military anthropological research and has been developing in the Russian historiography for over 25 years. Such studies are based on sources of personal provenance, which are being actively introduced into scientific use, interpreted, and compared with official documents. The article throws light on housing situation of the Red Army soldiers, a poorly studied aspect of their daily life at the final stage of the Second World War. It fills the gaps concerning living conditions of Soviet combatants, dynamics and practices of their housing outside the USSR, and their interactions with local population. The author aims to prove that living situation of Soviet soldiers and officers was important for defeating the enemy. The research methods are content and discourse analysis of epistolary documents, private correspondence of the front-line soldiers with their family and friends (both published and unpublished). The study confirms correlation between everyday life of combatants and combat effectiveness of the army. It clarifies the concept of “front-line life” and its structure. During the hostilities that took place abroad of the USSR in 1944–45, Soviet soldiers and officers visited a number of European countries (Romania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, etc.). They were housed in forests, temporary dwellings (dugouts) and endured great inconveniences. However, billeting for overnight or prolonged housing was also a common practice. Letters of front-line soldiers describe living conditions in cities and villages of several countries, demonstrating interest of the Soviet people in the living conditions abroad. They note comfort of the housing and availability of the amenities, features of the architecture and interior. There is much information on the living conditions in Germany, and we see contradictions in the attitude of Soviet combatants to the German housing and things. Letters about the living conditions in China show that they seemed exotic to the Soviet people.
Appointment of V. A. Kanin as Commander of the Baltic Fleet (1915): Materials from the Russian State Archive of the Navy
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Bazhanov Denis A. , Zakharov Alexandr M. ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Emelin Alexey Yu. ,   Russian State Archive of the Navy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

The publication on appointment of V. A. Kanin as commander of the Baltic Fleet is based on institutional approach allowing to consider the fleet headquarters as an institution, the relationships wherein influenced decision-making; and also on source study method allowing to identify features of recording information in specific historical source. Its significance springs from fact that appointment of Vice-Admiral V. A. Kanin as commander of the Baltic Fleet in spring of 1915 led to consolidation of a group of staff officers. This group contributed to his resignation in 1916 and was promotive to formation of the officers’ political position. Relevance of the subject depends on two factors. The death of Admiral N. O. von Essen, who had created and nurtured the fleet, was a borderline for the naval war in the Baltic. The personality of his successor was to determine the further course of events. Another factor was position of those who could influence the decision-making mechanism, directly or indirectly. Essen gathered talented officers, but his death weakened their unity and gave rise to intrigue. The authors study how subjective factors (e.g. origin, likes and dislikes, career aspirations) influenced decision-making. Historians have paid little attention to the aspects of the Baltic Fleet headquarters functioning and to the role of personal factor therein. The publication partially closes the gap. It is to reconstruct the position of various groups of officers, their reaction to the appointment of Kanin. The authors draw on personal provenance sources — letters from V. M. Altfater, head of the naval directorate under the commander-in-chief of the armies of the Northern Front, and from Prince M. B. Cherkassky, flag-captain’s assistant for operational part in the fleet headquarters, stored in the Russian State Archive of the Navy in St. Petersburg. These materials demonstrate A. V. Kolchak’s interest in selection of the new commander. Cherkassky assumed that Kolchak had taken steps to achieve a result that was beneficial to him. Altfater was a possible channel of influence at the headquarters. Another group of officers was consolidating at the headquarters. M. B. Cherkassky played a prominent role in it. Given the situation, his sympathies were not on Kolchak’s side and he was critical of Kanin. That was the group to take the leading position at the headquarters.
Russian Revolutionary Terrorists’ and Militants’ Letters to Power in the Early 20th Century
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G. F. Morozov, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Kvasov Oleg N.
Published: July 2022

The research is devoted to analysis of an original and peculiar source, written appeals of revolutionary terrorists and militants to tsarist authorities and institutions. This type of documents is known in source studies as “letters to power” and has been subject of numerous studies and publications, mostly in form of collective peasants’ appeals to authorities at various crisis points in the Russian history of the early 20th century. However, appeals of revolutionary terrorists and militants to population and administration have not yet been subject to analysis and research due to their sparsity, location in local archives, and unwillingness of party committees and police to make them known to general public. Terrorists’ appeals to the authorities were essential to terrorism: this was their way to proclaim and make public their demands and reasons for violence. However, party committees always strongly resisted individual militants entering into communication, as they considered terrorist attacks as party activity, were wary of police provocations and concerned about secrecy. Therefore, we can assume that the militants’ appeals to the administration are indirect evidence of their autonomy or independence from parties and committees. Such appeals were mostly made in the following two instances: when militants actively participated in action and when they were hiding from police persecution for a long time. Appeals could be verbose or concise, addressed directly to the authorities, or to a certain official, or distributed via media, or left as a note on the crime scene. They mocked police for their incapability to arrest the author, emphasized disinterested or party nature of their combat activity, announced future crimes. Detailed letters often proclaimed that the author had to resort to criminal action due to errors of prior administration. The authors implicitly or explicitly indicated their willingness to end their struggle, if they were to be granted pardon, or if the persecution were to be ceased. Numerous appeals of militants and terrorists to the authorities strongly suggest that social and political crisis of the Russian society was quite deep; they are an important sign of systematically organized party terrorism, as well as a vivid source for studying social and psychological atmosphere in the crisis of the early 20th century in Russia.
The Military Reality of the Early Days of the Great Patriotic War against the Background of the Fate of an Encircled Officer: The Case of Colonel M.G. Kirillov (1942)
Authors:   K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management — Vyazma branch, Vyazma, Russian Federation, Komarov Dmitry E.
Published: July 2022

In the midst of severe defeats of the initial period of the war, many units and formations of the Red Army were surrounded. Both private and command corps who broke out of the encirclement, as well as those who were captured and escaped, were thoroughly checked. This measure seems reasonable and legitimate. The absolute majority, after passing this “filter,” were sent to the front, against others charges were brought under the laws of wartime. Among the latter was the commander of the 38th Rifle Division, Colonel Maxim Gavrilovich Kirillov, who was shot by court verdict in 1942. Commanding his division, M. G. Kirillov was surrounded in the Vyazma defensive operation (October 2-13, 1941) to the west of Vyazma. Several times, the colonel placed disparate groups under his under command, making unsuccessful attempts to break out. Later, he was captured by the enemy, escaped, commanded a partisan detachment. In March 1942 Kirillov was summoned to the “mainland,” accused of treason and shot; only in 1991, he was rehabilitated. The personality of Colonel Kirillov is much discussed in press and in the Internet. His personal tragedy is considered an example of illegal repressions against the servicemen who were surrounded and held captive. The facts provided in the article detail and clarify Kirillov's actions in the occupied territory. It is shown that charges against him were mostly proven and fell under current statutory provisions. Information on Kirillov is given against the background of mass repressions against senior Red Army officers at the beginning of the war. Investigative documents record some changes in the work of the punitive apparatus in contrast with the period of 1937–38. However, physical coercion and attempts to bring his action under the article 58 of the criminal code remained. The conclusions on Colonel Kirillov’s sentence are another evidence of tragical and inconsistent fate of the Soviet encircled servicemen and prisoners of war. The facts indicate a need for a thorough study of the fate of each serviceman who was surrounded or captured from the standpoint of military realities of the initial period of the Great Patriotic War.
Unrealized Project of “Demolition” of 26 Villages of the Moscow Region on Account of Functioning Orthodox Churches (1951)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russian Federation, Nikonov Vadim V.
Published: July 2022

The article analyses the document suggesting that in the early 1950s there were plans for a significant reorganization of the administrative division of the Moscow region at the highest state level. The work, based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, and objectivity, using comparative historical, problem-analytical, and problem-chronological methods of historical research, examines the letter of the plenipotentiary of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the city of Moscow and the Moscow region A. A. Trushin to the deputy chairman of the Council S. K. Belyshev. Essentially, it proposed to abolish (the word “demolish” was used) 26 large villages, attaching them to the nearby villages, often smaller in size and population. The only exception was, as far as can be judged, the small village of Novaya Derevnya which was to become part of Pushkino, a large city and district center. The formal reason for this reorganization was “merger of kolkhozes and resettlement of some localities to central farmsteads of the kolkhozes.” The analysis of documents, as well as comparison of status and size of the villages suggested for the “resettlement” to the do called “central farmsteads,” disproves this. Meanwhile, true motives for such reorganization are obvious and cited quite unambiguously: “26 villages in which there are functioning churches are scheduled for demolition.” Naturally, villages (or town in case of Pushkino), to which the abolished villages were to be attached, had no functioning temples. Considering general vector of development of the relations between the Church and the state, the authors of the proposed merger had every reason to believe that new churches in the enlarged villages would never be built or restored. The document expressively demonstrates the true attitude of the Soviet government to the Russian Orthodox Church in the period, which is often and not without reason considered a time when anti-church pressure somewhat weakened, following the historic meeting of J. V. Stalin with three metropolitans in September 1943. There is no resolution on the letter of the plenipotentiary A. A. Trushin (at least on the copy with which the author of the article has worked), and we do not know its future fate. As for the plans it contains, they were never realized, as all villages, that were to be abolished on account of functioning Orthodox churches in 1951, can still be found on the map of the Moscow region.
Personnel Component in the Process of Transformation of Internal Affairs Agencies of the USSR: Ratio of Goals and Consequences: 1953–62
Authors:   Far Eastern Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Dorohov Vyacheslav Zh.
Published: July 2022

This article, based on principles of objectivity and systematicity of scientific analysis, uses historical-genetic, comparative-historical, and structural-functional methods to substantiate transformations of the law enforcement system in 1953–61 with regard to one-dimensional political task of strengthening the personal power of the new Soviet leadership. Consideration of the process of transformation of the internal affairs bodies in 1953–61 in historical and political context not only reveal the circumstances, but also substantiate the ultimate goal of the transformations. Law enforcement agencies, by nature of their construction and activities, attract attention of both state leaders and general public. Often it is the action or inaction of internal affairs bodies that accompanies changes in political situation. In the Russian history, the internal affairs bodies most often fulfilled government order to facilitate a political course. This explains periodical internal transformations of the law enforcement system. Depending on strategic or tactical goals, the state either weakened or strengthened the security wing. One of such points in the history of internal affairs bodies were the events of 1953–62, when the Soviet law enforcement agencies were subjected to a profound transformation and there was a large-scale renewal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs personnel, both in the center and the periphery. A comprehensive scientific study of the issue has not yet been conducted. Most of the works available today are devoted to some particular point (staffing, educational level of personnel, etc.), while synthetical analytical study remains to be carried out. One of the negative results of the implementation of this task was destruction of professional personnel, both in the central apparatus and in its territorial agencies. The large-scale purge of personnel, alongside with systematic criticism of the government and unflattering publications in the media, caused serious damage to prestige and authority of the entire law enforcement. Party and government goals were to reduce unjustifiably high role of the security wing in state mechanism and to replace the leaders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, thus placing law enforcement agencies under total control of the party and the government. Systematic solution of this task resulted in constant shortage and turnover of personnel, low educational level of common and commanding staff, and decreased efficiency of almost entire structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Attempts to remedy the personnel problems at ministerial and local level were doomed to failure without radical change in party and government policy.
The Problem of Preserving Younger Generation in the Policy of Local Authorities of the Baikal Region (1936–50)
Authors:   Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Shalak Alexander V. , Burdina Darya A. ,   Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

The article studies social policy of the authorities of the Baikal region in 1936–50 aimed at protection of children, including regional specifics of their formation, their main activities in the field of child protection and mechanisms of its implementation. It draws on materials from the regional archives and periodicals to study combating homelessness and neglect, organization of summer wellness campaign, work of kindergartens, nurseries, orphanages, as well as Soviet legal framework ensuring the protection of childhood. The need for construction of social facilities, meal arrangements for children, providing clothing and things led to inclusion of almost all departmental institutions in the process of preserving younger generation: orphans, children who lost contact with parents and relatives, children left without parental care. The authors note that preserving younger generation became one of the primary tasks of the local authorities’ social policy; in the wartime it became urgent due to the need to attract women to industries. It is noted that local governments created guarantees to improve social and financial situation of children even in the wartime crisis. The criterion for evaluating the authorities’ activities is reduction of the mortality rate of children. In the following years, the social policy in sphere of motherhood and childhood was repeatedly corrected, but the experience of 1936–50 remains relevant to this day.
Conversion of the Czechs to Orthodoxy in Omsk: Spirituality, Ideology, Everyday Life: 1916–19
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russian Federation, Sushko Aleksey V. , Petin Dmitrii I. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of mass organized adoption of Orthodoxy by the Czechs previously professing Catholicism, who stayed in Omsk during the First World War as prisoners of war. It cites the factors that jointly influenced, at first, mass group conversion of the Czechs to Orthodoxy in 1916–17, and later their indifference to the common Slavic idea and prompted their nationalism and “political egoism” during the Civil War in Russia. The study is based on the analysis of a complex of sources that have not yet been introduced into scientific use. These are the records from the Omsk Orthodox churches metric books (fairly well preserved in the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region) and materials from the official periodical Omsk Diocesan Vedomosti. The high relevance of the publication springs from poor coverage of religious life of the prisoners of World War I in Western Siberia in historiography. Taking into account the specifics of the study, the authors have used integrated methodological approach based on a combination of theory of social adaptation and anthropological approach, as well as statistical, biographical, and problem-chronological methods. This theoretical complex permits to study and quite reasonably interpret the phenomenon, linking its appearance with concrete historical situation and personalities. The authors contend that during the First World War proselytism was a cover for geopolitical interests of the Russian Empire, and spiritual aspiration of most Czechs to Orthodoxy was a propaganda myth created by the Russian Orthodox Church. The publication may be of interest to researchers of the peoples of Eastern Europe, military and social history, national and religious politics.
Artificial Intelligence in Archiving: Statutory Regulation and Personnel Formation
Authors:   Russian University of Transport RUT (MIIT), Moscow, Russian Federation, Lobachev Sergey L. , Karpycheva Elena V. ,   Russian University of Transport RUT (MIIT), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

The article studies issues of digitalization of archiving and statutory regulation of procedures for using artificial intelligence technologies in this field of activity. The authors have attempted a systematic approach to the problem of using AI in the work of archives, taking into account the processes taking place within the framework of digitalization of the economy of the Russian Federation. The study is to analyze the experience of using artificial intelligence technologies in archiving and statutory and methodological regulation of this sphere. The authors identify trends in the use of artificial intelligence technologies, as reflected in the preparation of draft standards (Artificial Intelligence. Artificial intelligence technologies used in activities of federal executive authorities. Classification and general requirements). The article touches upon development of competence-based approach in training of personnel, including archivists, in line with current trends of digitalization of all documented spheres of state activity. The article assesses compliance of local regulations with requirements of current professional standards. It addresses organization of storage, acquisition, and accounting of use of archival documents in correlation with digitalization of documented spheres of organizations’ activities; organization of document storage in operational records management; formation of fonds for use of electronic copies of documents; formation of electronic archives of organizations; transfer of electronic archival documents to state permanent storage; organization of work with electronic documents in state archives; planning and construction of archival storage processes; accounting and use of documents of temporary and permanent storage; regulation and control of federal and regional state information systems, registers, and databases; creation of a unified system of archival storage of documents; introduction of an electronic archive system (acquisition, accounting, examination of value, use of archival documents). The authors have identified three tasks that need to be solved within the framework of creating archives of tomorrow, based on widespread use of AI and on determination of main standards to use in the work of archives, the solution of which requires training of personnel capable of mastering and using AI technologies in archivist’s practical work.
Korpusno istraživanje hrvatskih imenica s dugom i kratkom množinom
Authors: Bošnjak Botica Tomislava , Polančec Jurica , Sviben Robert
Published: July 2022

Ostvarenje dvostruke množine jednoga dijela dvosložnih i višesložnih imenica muškoga roda jedno je od zanimljivijih obilježja hrvatskoga imeničkoga sustava. U radu se na temelju korpusa analiziraju oblici tzv. duge i kratke množine 26 imenica muškoga roda podijeljenih u tri skupine: 1) dvosložne i trosložne imenice s nepostojanim a; 2) dvosložne imenice s kratkosilaznim naglaskom i dužinom; 3) složenice kojima je druga sastavnica jednosložna imenica. Izneseni podatci upućuju na šarolikost same pojave, ali i neujednačenost rječničkoga opisa te se iznose prijedlozi kako taj opis učiniti bližim stvarnoj jezičnoj uporabi odraženoj u korpusnim podatcima. Uočavaju se i zanimljive oscilacije u zastupljenosti jednih ili drugih oblika s obzirom na konkretni padež te mogućnost nastanka mješovite množinske paradigme. Posebna se pozornost posvećuje metodologiji korpusnoga istraživanja ove pojave te kriterijima za stupnjevanje dubletnosti kroz tzv. pojase dubletnosti.
Real-world data on metastatic breast cancer in Goiânia, Brazil: a 17-year analysis (1995–2011)
Authors: Soares Leonardo Ribeiro , Freitas-Junior Ruffo , Nunes Rodrigo Disconzi , Martins Edesio , Oliveira José Carlos , Curado Maria Paula
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Most of the data on metastatic breast cancer (MBC) originate from hospital-based studies or controlled trials involving specific populations and controlled treatments. In this respect, few population-based studies have analyzed the profile of MBC in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of women with de novo MBC using data from a population-based cancer registry (PBCR). Methods: An ecological study conducted in a PBCR in Goiânia, Brazil, for the 1995–2011 period. Women with MBC at diagnosis were included and the standardized incidence rate and annual percent change (APC) over the period were calculated. The women’s clinical and demographic characteristics and data on diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. Results: Overall, 5,289 cases of breast cancer were registered in the Goiânia PBCR, 277 (5.2%) at metastatic stage. The adjusted incidence was 8.9/100,000 in 1995 and 6.04/100,000 in 2011 (APC: 1.1; p=0.6). Most of the patients (70.3%) were receiving care within the public healthcare system and the mean age at diagnosis was 54.7±14.5 years. Additional data for a subpopulation of 156 patients were identified at the city’s two main treatment centers. According to immunohistochemistry, 53 women (67.1%) had hormone receptor-positive cancer. Of these, 14.0% (6/43) received endocrine therapy as first-line systemic treatment and 48.5% (17/35) as second-line treatment. A comparison of clinical data between the 1995–2003 and 2004–2011 periods revealed no significant differences in age, histological grade, locoregional staging, the presence of symptoms at diagnosis, or in treatment. Conclusion: This study population of women with MBC consisted predominantly of locally advanced tumors and the luminal-like subtype. The incidence rate of MBC in Goiânia did not change over the 17-year period. Most cases received chemotherapy as first-line systemic treatment irrespective of the tumor phenotype.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Kerja Sama Tambang Galian C (Studi Kasus Di Desa Pemepek)
Authors: Zamani M. Wahyu , Suhartana Lalu Wira Pria , Mulada Diman Ade
Published: July 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum dan penyelesaian sengketa bagi para pihak dalam melakukan perjanjian kerja sama tambang galian c. Metode penelitian dalam penulisan ini adalah penelitian normatif empiris. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak dalam perjanjian kerja sama pertambangan galian c di Desa Pemepek yang dilakukan oleh Tuan Kasim dan Tuan Humaidi dibagi menjadi dua perlindungan hukum yakni perlindungan hukum yang bersifat preventif yang dalam hal ini perjanjian dalam bentuk autentik yang telah ditandatangani kedua belah pihak dihadapan notaris yang di dalamnya memuat ketentuan hak serta kewejiban para pihak dan perlindungan hukum yang bersifat represif yakni melalui penyelesaian sengketa di pengadilan para ranah hukum Pengadilan Negeri Praya Lombok Tengah. Adapun upaya hukum yang dilakukan oleh kedua belah pihak dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan wanprestasinya yakni menggunakan upaya hukum diluar pengadilan (non litigasi) yaitu dengan cara negosiasi.
Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha Terhadap Makanan Yang Kadaluarsa (Studi Di Kecamatan Ampenan)
Authors: Karunia Ibnu Rato , Suhartana Lalu Wira Pria , Zuhairi Ahmad
Published: July 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap makanan yang kadaluarsa di Kecamatan Ampenan. Jenis penelitian dalam penulisan ini adalah penelitian normatif empiris. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen yang tertuang dalam UUPK adalah menjamin hak konsumen terkait dengan pembelian terhadap makanan yang layak konsumsi yakni hak atas kenyamanan, keamanan, dan keselamatan dalam mengkonsumsi barang. Tanggung jawab pelaku usaha atas kecurangan yang telah dilakukan hendaknya memberikan ganti kerugian atas apa yang telah dilakukan kepada konsumennya. Maka diperlukan edukasi dari perdangangan NTB dan BBPOM Mataram kepada pelaku usaha agar tidak melakukan penjualan makanan yang sudah tidak layak konsumsi dan kadaluasa.
Kedudukan Penanggung Dalam Perkara Kepailitan
Authors: Lestari Putri Auliya , Asikin Zainal , Wisudawan I Gusti Agung
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah dalam perjanjian utang piutang dapat dibuatkan perjanjian personal garansi dan bagaimanakah kekuatan hukum persolan garansi (penangungan) dalam perkara kepailitan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) dan Pendekatan Sosiologis (Social Approach). Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah dalam Pasal 1820 sampai dengan 1864 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (Burgerlijk Wetboek) dan jaminan kebendaan, dapat dilihat bahwa penanggungan atau jaminan perorangan dapat diberikan baik oleh orang perorangan atau oleh badan hukum, melihat dari sisi kekuatan hukum personal garansi dalam pasal 1831 bahwa personal garansi memiliki hak untuk menjual benda atau barang debitur utama untuk melunaskan hutang piutangnya kepada kreditur dan pasal 1843 tentang kerugian yang di derita personal garansi akibat kelalaian yang menyebabkan wanprestasi pihak utama. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat ditarik kesimpulan adalah bahwa perjanjian utang piutang dapat dibuatkan personal garansi dengan catatan personal garansi cakap demi hukum dan bertanggung jawab pada kreditur untuk melunasi utang piutang debitur utama, dan kekuatan hukum personal garansi memiliki hak untuk menjual dan menggantikan kerugian yang timbul karena wanprestasi atau kelalaian debitur utama.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemegang Kartu Kredit Dalam Klausula Baku
Authors: Setiawan Yudhi
Published: July 2022

Kartu kredit yang menjadi alat pembayaran pengganti uang tunai semakin diminati oleh masyarakat, peningkatan pengguna kartu kredit pun sangat pesat setiap tahunnya tidak lain pemicu peningkatan pengguna kartu kredit tersebut adalah karena manfaat dan banyak kemudahan yang ditawarkan oleh penerbit kartu kredit. Peningkatan pengguna kartu kredit tersebut harus juga memperhatikan aspek perlindungan dari pengguna kartu kredit terutama pada klausul baku yang dicantumkan oleh penerbitan kartu kredit didalam perjanjian kartu kredit. Adapun permasalahannya adalah bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap pemegang kartu kredit atas klausula baku berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan konsumen dan bagaimana akibat hukum terhadap pemegang kartu kredit atas klausula baku dalam perjanjian kartu kredit.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Para Pihak Dalam Transaksi E-Commerce Menurut Tata Hukum Indonesia
Authors: Yadi Didik Kusuma , Sood Muhammad , Martini Dwi
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui upaya perlindungan hukum dalam transaksi dagang menggunakan e-commerce terhadap para pihak pelaku kegiatan tersebut, dan Untuk mengetahui bentuk penyelesaian sengketa bagi pihak yang dirugikan apabila terjadi permasalahan dalam transaksi dagang melalui e-commerce. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Adapun pengaturan e-commerce di dalam tatanan hukum Indonesia diantaranya diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (ITE), Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Bentuk Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Para Pihak Yang Dirugikan dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu: Perlindungan Hukum Preventif: Yakni bentuk perlindungan hukum dimana kepada rakyat diberi kesempatan untuk mengajukan keberatan atau pendapatnya sebelum suatu keputusan pemerintah mendapat bentuk yang definitif. Perlindungan Hukum Represif: Yakni bentuk perlindungan hukum dimana lebih ditujukan dalam penyelesaian sengketa. Regulasi perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen dapat dilihat pada Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan konsumen. Penyelesaian Sangketa Apabila Terjadi Permasalahan Permasalahan Dalam Transaksi e-commerce. Adapun penyelesaian sengketa dapat ditempuh melalui tiga cara diantaranya: Penyelesaian Sengketa Secara Litigasi, Penyelesaian sengketa secara Non litigasi meliputi Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (Alternative Dispute Resolution) disingkat (ADR) yakni penyelesaian di luar pengadilan dengan cara konsultasi, negosiasi, mediasi, konsiliasi, atau penilaian ahli. ADR memiliki 3 (tiga) tipe penyelesaian sengketa, yaitu: Negosiasi online (assisted negotiation dan automated negotiation) meliputi Assisted Negotiation, Automated Negotiation, Mediasi online dan Arbitrase. Serta melalui BPSK.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dalam Jual Beli Barang Pakaian Second Trift Brand Paradise Suplly
Authors: Narulita Chika Nur , Sili Eduardus Bayo , Wisudawan I Gusti Agung
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa tanggung jawab para pihak dalam jual beli benda bergerak dan tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap kerugian yang ditimbulkan dari pemakaian second trift brand paradise suplly. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian normatif-empiris. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Jenis data serta bahan hukum yang digunakan yaitu data primer yang diperoleh langsung melalui penelitian lapangan dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data/bahan hukum dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam jual beli barang pakaian second trift brand paradise suplly yaitu perlindungan preventif dan represif. Tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap kerugian yang ditimbulkan dari pemakaian second trift brand paradise suplly adalah dengan tanggung jawab hukum secara keperdataan yaitu ganti kerugian.