bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles allows for human breast cancer subtyping
Authors: Rontogianni Stamatia , Synadaki Eleni , Li Bohui , Liefaard Marte C. , Lips Esther H. , Wesseling Jelle , Wu Wei , Altelaar Maarten
Published: September 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a potential source of disease-associated biomarkers for diagnosis. In breast cancer, comprehensive analyses of EVs could yield robust and reliable subtype-specific biomarkers that are still critically needed to improve diagnostic routines and clinical outcome. Here, we show that proteome profiles of EVs secreted by different breast cancer cell lines are highly indicative of their respective molecular subtypes, even more so than the proteome changes within the cancer cells. Moreover, we detected molecular evidence for subtype-specific biological processes and molecular pathways, hyperphosphorylated receptors and kinases in connection with the disease, and compiled a set of protein signatures that closely reflect the associated clinical pathophysiology. These unique features revealed in our work, replicated in clinical material, collectively demonstrate the potential of secreted EVs to differentiate between breast cancer subtypes and show the prospect of their use as non-invasive liquid biopsies for diagnosis and management of breast cancer patients.
Preparation and evaluation of a green solvent-based molecularly imprinted monolithic column for the recognition of proteins by high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Ma Wanwan , An Yena , Row Kyung Ho
Published: September 2019

A protein-based molecularly imprinted monolithic column was synthesized based on ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in a stainless steel column (50 mm × 4.6 mm id).
A targetable fluorescent probe for imaging of mitochondrial viscosity in living cells
Authors: Dai Lixuan , Ren Mingguang , Li Zihong , Wang Li , Lin Weiying
Published: September 2019

We have developed a novel mitochondria-targeted viscosity fluorescent probe (RM-V), RM-V exhibited excellent sensitivity, high selectivity and have high Pearson's overlap coefficient.
Four-component radical-dual-difunctionalization (RDD) and decarbonylative alkylative peroxidation of two different alkenes with aliphatic aldehydes and TBHP
Authors: Liu Ren-Xiang , Zhang Feng , Peng Yong , Yang Luo
Published: September 2019

From difunctionalization of a single alkene to radical-dual-difunctionalization of two different alkenes! A alkylative peroxidation and cross-coupling of two alkenes was established with the aliphatic aldehydes as the alkyl radical source.
Copper-catalyzed radical approach to allenyl iodides
Authors: Song Yulong , Song Shihua , Duan Xinyu , Wu Xiaoyan , Jiang Feng , Zhang Yuchen , Fan Junjie , Huang Xin , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: September 2019

A copper-catalyzed 1,4-addition reaction of arylsulfonyl iodides with 1,3-enynes afforded various allenyl halides in high yields under mild conditions via a radical mechanism.
Ionothermal synthesis of a photoelectroactive titanophosphite with a three-dimensional open-framework
Authors: Wu Junbiao , Lou Luqi , Liu Hang , Su Tan , Wang Zhuopeng , Li Jiyang
Published: September 2019

A new titanophosphite open-framework exhibits photovoltaic properties and photocatalytic activity as an n-type semiconductor.
The interplay among molecular structures, crystal symmetries and lattice energy landscapes revealed using unsupervised machine learning: a closer look at pyrrole azaphenacenes
Authors: Yang Jack , Li Nathan , Li Sean
Published: September 2019

Using unsupervised machine learning and CSPs to help crystallographers better understand how crystallizations are affected by molecular structures.
Low energy (1–19 eV) electron scattering from condensed thymidine (dT) I: absolute vibrational excitation cross sections
Authors: Lemelin V. , Bass A. D. , Cloutier P. , Sanche L.
Published: September 2019

Absolute vibrational cross sections for low energy (1–19 eV) electron scattering from condensed thymidine using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy.
Low energy (1–19 eV) electron scattering from condensed thymidine (dT) II: comparison of vibrational excitation cross sections with those of tetrahydrofuran and the recalibrated values of thymine
Authors: Lemelin V. , Bass A. D. , Cloutier P. , Sanche L.
Published: September 2019

Comparison of absolute vibrational cross sections for low-energy electron scattering from condensed thymidine with those of tetrahydrofuran and thymine.
Computational assessment on the Tolman cone angles for P-ligands
Authors: Jover Jesús , Cirera Jordi
Published: September 2019

P-ligand cone angles have been properly recomputed in different transition-metal coordination linear, tetrahedral and octahedral environments by combining molecular mechanics and DFT methodologies.
Poly-quasi-eutectic solvents (PQESs): versatile solvents for dissolving metal oxides
Authors: Jiang Jingyun , Bai Xiyue , Zhao Xinhui , Chen Wenjun , Yu Tingting , Li Yan , Mu Tiancheng
Published: September 2019

Versatile poly-quasi-eutectic solvents (PQESs), which own excellent metal oxide dissolution performance, have been synthesized.
Onset of optical emission in femtosecond laser-induced plasmas and its correlation with surface dynamics monitored by pump–probe time-resolved microscopy
Authors: Carrasco-García I. , Vadillo José M. , Laserna J. Javier
Published: September 2019

Femtosecond time-resolved images acquired by using a two-color pump–probe microscope have been used in combination with optical emission spectroscopy to determine the time scales for the onset of atomic and molecular emission in laser-induced plasmas.
RuIII(edta)-mediated interaction of nitrite and sulphide: formation of an N-bonded thionitrous acid (HSNO) complex of RuIII(edta) in aqueous solution
Authors: Chatterjee Debabrata , Chowdhury Chandra , Datta Ayan , van Eldik Rudi
Published: September 2019

It is reported for the first time that [RuIII(edta)(NO+)] (edta4− = ethylenediaminetetraacetate) generated from [RuIII(edta)(NO2)]2− at lower pH (∼3.5) can react with NaHS to form the thionitrous acid bound Ru(edta) complex in aqueous solution.
Core–shell anatase anode materials for sodium-ion batteries: the impact of oxygen vacancies and nitrogen-doped carbon coating
Authors: Bai Yu-Lin , Xarapatgvl Raxidin , Wu Xue-Yan , Liu Xin , Liu Yu-Si , Wang Kai-Xue , Chen Jie-Sheng
Published: September 2019

TiO2−x@NC with plenty of oxygen vacancies and surface nitrogen-doped carbon coating has been prepared and exhibits excellent cycling stability and superior rate capabilities as an anode material for SIBs.
Controlled fractal growth of transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Wang Peijian , Luo Siyuan , Boyle Lincoln , Zeng Hao , Huang Shaoming
Published: September 2019

We report controlled fractal growth of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) by chemical vapor deposition, with morphological evolution from dendritic to triangular.
New avenues for C–B bond formationviaradical intermediates
Authors: Friese Florian W. , Studer Armido
Published: September 2019

Efficient radical routes to important alkyl and aryl boronic esters have been developed over the past few years. Such reactions are complementary to existing transition-metal catalysed cross coupling processes.
A stimuli responsive two component supramolecular hydrogelator with aggregation-induced emission properties
Authors: Aschmann Dennis , Riebe Steffen , Neumann Thorben , Killa Dennis , Ostwaldt Jan-Erik , Wölper Christoph , Schmuck Carsten , Voskuhl Jens
Published: September 2019

A dual pH-responsive two component hydrogelator with aggregation-induced emission properties is described. The orchestration of supramolecular guadiniumcarbonylpyrrole dimerisation and the recognition of carboxylic acid is reason for the gelation.
Differential effects of olive oil, soybean oil, corn oil and lard oil on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice
Authors: Gao Yanan , Li Xuguang , Gao Qiang , Fan Li , Jin Haobin , Guo Yueping
Published: September 2019

Olive oil could attenuate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrosis (LF) in mouse model. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of other common oils on CCl4 induced LF. Healthy male ICR mice were administered with CCl4 intraperitoneally at 2.5 ml/kg twice a week for total 3 weeks. Mice were pre-treated with olive oil, soybean oil, corn oil or lard oil. After treatment, histopathological changes were observed using Masson trichrome staining, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxyproline (HYP) and triglyceride (TG) were measured by commercial kits. The expression of LF related genes was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. We found that soybean oil or olive oil significantly reduced ALT and AST levels in serum, and MDA, HYP and TG levels in the liver, compared with corn oil or lard oil. Moreover, Masson trichrome staining and real-time PCR showed that the mice treated with CCl4 dissolved in soybean oil or olive oil had less fibrosis and apoptosis in the liver comparted to the mice treated with CCl4 dissolved in corn oil or lard oil. In conclusion, soybean oil but not corn or lard oil exerts protective effects against CCl4 induced LF in mice, possibly due to its antioxidant activity.
946 nm 25 mJ/3 ns Nd:YAG laser based on regenerative amplification of pulses
Authors: Kornev A.F. , Pokrovskiy V.P. , Kovyarov A.S. , Viktorov E.A.
Published: September 2019

Regenerative amplification of 946 nm pulses which are sliced from 12 mW continuous wave laser diode is reported. Near‐transform‐limited 2.9 ns pulses with highly stable and smooth temporal shape were obtained with the energy of 25 mJ/50 Hz and M2 < 1.2.
Comment on ‘Performance analysis of energy harvesting communications using multipletime slots’
Authors: Wang Mingwei
Published: September 2019

This note aims to report and correct a mistake in the mentioned paper by Min Long et al. An error occurs in the derivation of the average bit error rate for binary signals with non‐coherent and coherent detection in Rayleigh fading channels. The corrected derivation is substantiated by the results of Numerical and Monte Carlo simulations.
Mode dependent filtering for semi‐Markovian jump linear systems with sojourn time dependent transition rates
Authors: Wang Bao , Zhu Quanxin
Published: September 2019

In this study, the filtering problem for a class of semi‐Markovian jump linear systems with sojourn time dependent transition rates are investigated. The mode dependent filter is obtained to guarantee the stochastic stability of the filtering error system with a prescribed performance index. Two examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the authors' results.
Event‐triggered mechanism based distributed optimal frequency regulation of power grid
Authors: Weng Shengxuan , Yue Dong , Dou Chunxia
Published: September 2019

Considering the limitation of communication network, the event‐triggered mechanism based distributed optimal frequency regulation is proposed, which can restore the frequency and retain the economic efficiency of power grid simultaneously under certain load disturbances. Compared with the traditional distributed optimal frequency regulation based on continuous or periodic sampled‐data information transmission mechanism, the communication burden among the areas in power grid is reduced since two novel types of event‐triggered mechanisms, which possess the information demand‐transmission property, are constructed and introduced in the regulation method in this study. Moreover, Zeno behaviour is proved to be avoided in order to guarantee the availability of event‐triggered mechanisms in practical power grid. The effectiveness of theoretical result of this study is verified by the simulation study.
Three‐based level model to determine optimal scheduling of the MG integrated operation using Benders decomposition
Authors: Kouhian Farhad , Zangeneh Ali , Martí José Ramón
Published: September 2019

In this study, an optimal scheduling model is proposed to perform energy management in a microgrid (MG) including distributed energy resources in both grid‐connected and islanded modes. To this end, a tri‐level optimization model has been presented, in which Benders method decomposes the original problem into the main problem (the first level), sub‐problem (SP) (the second level) and optimal SP (the third level). The first and second levels model the MG operation in grid‐connected and islanded modes, respectively. Finally, the third level directs the obtained feasible solution of the second level to an optimal solution in the islanded mode. In the proposed model, the effect of an adjacent MG is also considered, and a call‐option contract is used to model the transaction power between networked MG. While it is assumed that they are connected to each other, they only exchange power in the islanded mode to prevent the arbitrage state. The aim of the proposed model is to present a flexible and integrated operation of the MG, which has the ability to work in both grid connected and island modes. Uncertainties of the problem are modelled using the two‐point estimation method (2 m + 1).
Wideband high‐gain ±45° dual‐polarised stacked patch antenna array for Ku‐band back‐haul services
Authors: Zhang Yan , Song Zhe , Hong Wei , Mittra Raj
Published: September 2019

Here, a wideband patch antenna array with dual ±45° polarisations has been proposed and implemented in Ku‐band for back‐haul services. Stacked patches and full‐corporate feeding technique are adopted for wideband performance. To achieve a high port isolation, feed networks of dual polarisations are physically separated and designed with a coupling cancellation technique. The experimental results show that the proposed antenna simultaneously covers a bandwidth of 13.3–16 GHz in terms of |S11|, |S22|<−12 dB and port isolation better than 30 dB. Furthermore, it has high gains >17.8 dBi as well as identical radiation patterns for ±45° dual polarisations. The proposed dual‐polarised patch antenna array has features of low profile, low cost, light weight, and ease of fabrication, which is very promising for microwave back‐haul applications.
Model predictive control‐based load frequency control for power systems with wind‐turbine generators
Authors: Yang Jianwei , Sun Xiaofei , Liao Kai , He Zhengyou , Cai Liangcheng
Published: September 2019

In order to smooth the system frequency disturbances caused by wind power fluctuation, this study proposes a novel load frequency control (LFC) strategy based on model predictive control (MPC) to regulate the system frequency. The proposed strategy mainly aims to improve the system frequency responses by considering the dynamics of wind turbine (WT) and forecasting the output power of WT. First, the frequency response model (FRM) of system including the power system LFC and WT is established. Second, through discretisation of the FRM, a predictive model of system is obtained. Then, system state and response in the next predictive period are forecasted by the predictive model. After obtaining the prediction information, the control signal of system is optimised for improving system frequency response. On this basis, a novel MPC‐based LFC strategy is proposed based on the predictive model and the optimisation of control sequence. With the information of wind speed, this control strategy is able to forecast the system states and responses easily and adjust the control signal according to wind power fluctuation. Finally, numerical simulations are demonstrated to visualise the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed MPC‐based LFC strategy and its advantages over existing methods.
Methods to aggregate turbine and network impedance for wind farm resonance analysis
Authors: Wang Haijiao , Buchhagen Christoph , Sun Jian
Published: September 2019

Small‐signal sequence impedance models have been developed for different types of wind turbines and used in industry to study wind farm and high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) system harmonics and resonances. Compared to other small‐signal methods, a major advantage of system modelling and analysis based on sequence impedance is its scalability: an equivalent impedance model can be easily built for any complex system by aggregating the impedance of individual turbines and the network. A recent development in the small‐signal sequence impedance theory is the modelling of frequency coupling to improve the accuracy of system analysis and explain a common characteristic of harmonics created by system resonance. In light of this new development, this study presents and compares different aggregation methods to build farm‐level impedance models in the presence of coupling in individual turbine responses. The objective is to identify practical methods that can meet the needs of different system analyses and are easily to use. Experiences of China State Grid and TenneT with the application of sequence impedance models in renewable energy and HVDC system resonance and harmonic analysis are also discussed, along with an overview of their ongoing efforts to develop new grid codes and system analysis tools based on sequence impedances.
Dynamic mainlobe interference suppression method based on monopulse with gray model Kalman filter
Authors: Feng Li , Zhe Zhang , Di Yao
Published: September 2019

The architecture and processing algorithm of mainlobe interference suppression method is described for nulling the signal from mainlobe electronic jammer and multiple sidelobe electronic jammers while maintaining monopulse angle estimation accuracy on the target. The existing mainlobe interference suppression method is based on monopulse Wiener filtering. However, the Wiener filtering is more suitable to remove static interference. Therefore, the authors present the dynamic mainlobe interference suppression method with Gray Model Kalman filter to resolve this problem. The simulations verify the proposed method.
SAR image classification method based on Gabor feature and K‐NN
Authors: Wang Zhiru , Chen Liang , Shi Hao , Qi Baogui , Wang Guanqun
Published: September 2019

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image target classification is a hot issue in remote‐sensing image application. Fast and accurate target classification is important in both military and civilian fields. Consequently, this study proposes a novel SAR image target classification method based on Gabor feature extraction and K‐NN classifier. First, the multi‐scale Gabor features of SAR image are extracted. Then, a k‐nearest neighbour (k‐NN) classifier with principle component analysis is trained by the extracted Gabor features. Finally, the classifier is used to realise the multi‐types SAR image targets classification. MSTAR database is used to validate the classification ability. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has superior performance in term of efficiency and accuracy.
Impact analysis of DRFM‐based active jamming to radar detection efficiency
Authors: Liu Wei , Meng Jin , Zhou Liang
Published: September 2019

The influence of DRFM active jamming technology on pulse compression coherent radar is studied here. By establishing radar signal detection model and introducing radar equation, the influence of signal produced by DRFM on the detection performance of radar receiver is analysed, and the relationship between radar detection probability and interference power is obtained. Finally, the effective index for judging the jamming effect is summarised, and the range of effective jamming signal power is determined.
On the recent parametric determination of an asteroseismological model for the DBV star KIC 08626021
Authors: De Gerónimo Francisco C. , Battich Tiara , Miller Bertolami Marcelo M. , Althaus Leandro G. , Córsico Alejandro H.
Published: September 2019

Context.Asteroseismology of white dwarf stars is a powerful tool that allows us to reveal the hidden chemical structure of white dwarfs and infer details about their present and past evolution by comparing the observed periods with those obtained from appropriate stellar models. A recent asteroseismological study has reproduced the period spectrum of the helium-rich pulsating white dwarf KIC 08626021 with the unprecedented precision of (Pobs − Pmodel)/Pmodel <  10−8. The chemical structure derived from that asteroseismological analysis is notably different from that expected for a white dwarf according to currently accepted formation channels. It therefore poses a challenge to the theory of stellar evolution.

Aims.We explore the relevant micro- and macrophysics processes that act during the formation and evolution of KIC 08626021 and might lead to a chemical structure similar to that found through asteroseismology. We quantify to which extent it is necessary to modify the physical processes that shape the chemical structure in order to reproduce the most important features of the asteroseismic model.

Methods.We modeled the previous evolution of KIC 08626021 by exploring specific changes in the12C(α, γ)16O reaction rate, screening processes, microscopic diffusion, and convective boundary mixing during core-He burning.

Results.We find that in order to reproduce the core chemical profile derived for KIC 0862602, the12C+αnuclear reaction rate has to be increased by a factor of ∼10 during the helium-core burning, and reduced by a factor of ∼1000 during the following helium-shell burning as compared with the standard predictions for this rate. In addition, the main chemical structures derived for KIC 0862602, such as the very thin helium-pure envelope, the mass of the carbon-oxygen core, and the pure C buffer, cannot be reconciled with our current knowledge of white dwarf formation.

Conclusion.We find that within our current understanding of white dwarf formation and evolution, it is difficult to reproduce the most important asteroseismologically derived features of the chemical structure of KIC 08626021.
Inner and outer star forming regions over the disks of spiral galaxies
Authors: Rodríguez-Baras M. , Díaz A. I. , Rosales-Ortega F. F.
Published: September 2019

Context.The H IIregions are all studied employing the same general prescriptions and models, independently of the regions location in the galaxy disk. However, observed discrepancies between physical properties of inner and outer regions may indicate systematic differences in their star formation processes due to the influence of their environments.

Aims.Through the analysis of inner and outer H IIregion observed spectra, we aim to explore possible systematic differences between the physical properties (metallicity, mass, and age) of their ionising clusters in order to study how star formation proceeds in different environments.

Methods.We analysed two samples of 725 inner and 671 outer regions, characterised in the first paper of this series. Their functional parameters (oxygen abundances, ionisation parameters, and effective temperatures) were estimated and this parameter grid is employed as input for the computation of 540 Cloudy photoionisation models. Observed regions are compared with model predictions using diagnostic and evolutionary diagrams.

Results.Higher metallicities are confirmed for the inner regions, although there are important discrepancies between the diagnostic diagrams. Calibrations based on the N2 index may underestimate inner regions oxygen abundances due to the [N II] saturation at solar metallicities. The degeneracy between the age and ionisation parameter affects oxygen abundance calibrations based on the O3N2 index. Innermost regions seem to have enhanced N/O ratios with respect to the expected values considering secondary production of nitrogen, which indicate an increase in the slope of the relation between N/O and O/H. Ionisation parameter calibrations based on the [S II]/Hαratio are not valid for inner regions due to the observed bivalued behaviour of this ratio with O/H. Innermost regions have lower [O II]/[O III] ratio values than expected, indicating a possible non-linear relation betweenuandZ. Composite stellar populations (ionising and non-ionising) are present in both inner and outer regions, with an ionising contribution of around 1%. In considering the effects of evolution and underlying populations, inner regions show larger ionising cluster masses that possibly compose star-forming complexes. The most conservative lower limit for ionising cluster masses of outer regions indicate that they might be affected by stochastic effects. Equivalent widths indicate younger ages for outer regions, but degeneracy between evolution and underlying population effects prevent a quantitative determination. Nebular properties of the H IIregions are also derived: inner regions have larger angular sizes, lower filling factors, and larger ionised hydrogen masses.

Conclusions.Systematic physical differences are confirmed between ionising clusters of inner and outer H IIregions. These differences condition the validity and range of reliability of oxygen abundance and ionisation parameter calibrations commonly applied to the study of H IIregions.
Optimal ordering and disposal decisions for products with a fixed shelf life
Authors: Krommyda Iris-Pandora , Tatsis Vasileios , Skouri Konstantina
Published: September 2019

In this paper, motivated by the current increasing interest and action on food waste reduction, inventory decisions of a retailer who deals with a product that has a fixed shelf life are studied. Being a common strategy of many retail stores, we assume that at a specific time instant, close to the expiration date, a price markdown is offered in order to increase demand. However, at the same time, due to customers’ attention to the freshness of the product, the demand becomes a decreasing function with respect to the time remaining before the expiration date. In accordance with the European Union food donation guidelines, we assume that if at the end of the reorder interval unsold items remain that have not exceeded their expiration date, they can be donated to non-profit organizations for human consumption. The donated products can generate direct revenue from tax deductions and indirect revenue by increasing the company’s reputation and gain of goodwill from the customers. If the unsold items have expired, they can be sold at a salvage price to the livestock market. The aim of our model is to determine the reorder interval, the time instant to markdown the product’s initial selling price and the quantity that will be donated or sold to the livestock market so that the profit of the system is maximized. Closed form solutions are obtained, which depend on specific parametric conditions, providing managerial insights.
Generation Me: Soziale Medien und Narzissmus
Authors: Brailovskaia Julia , Bierhoff Hans-Werner
Published: September 2019

„Spieglein, Spieglein an der Wand – Wer ist der schönste Nutzer im ganzen online Land?“ Das würde die Königin aus dem Grimm-Märchen wohl heutzutage ihren
Zauberspiegel fragen – und damit wäre sie nicht allein. Viele Menschen nutzen soziale Medien, um sich auf unterschiedlichen Plattformen positiv darzustellen
und so positives Feedback zu bekommen. Dies gilt insbesondere für diejenigen, deren narzisstische Eigenschaften stark ausgeprägt sind.
Verhaltenstherapie der narzisstischen Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Schnell Thomas
Published: September 2019

Die narzisstische Persönlichkeitsstörung (NPS) bringt Besonderheiten in die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT). Betroffenen fällt es schwer, einen
Arbeitsauftrag zu formulieren, der eigene Defizite fokussiert. Insbesondere für die Störungen auf der Beziehungsebene fehlten der KVT Antworten. Indem sie
jedoch störungsorientiert Lösungen suchte, entstanden Therapieansätze. Nachfolgend werden daraus allgemeine Prinzipien für die KVT der NPS
abgeleitet.
Morphologische Diagnostik und genetische Alterationen von Schilddrüsentumoren mit Follikelzelldifferenzierung
Authors: Schmid Kurt Werner , Herrmann Ken
Published: September 2019

Die morphologische Diagnostik von Schilddrüsentumoren dient in erster Linie dem klinischen Management. Die Feinnadelbiopsie (FNB) soll eine Entscheidungshilfe für oder gegen eine Operation sein; der intraoperative Gefrierschnitt soll das Operationsausmaß mitbestimmen und Zweitoperationen vermeiden helfen. Die beiden letztgenannten Methoden haben aber beträchtliche Limitationen, sodass in vielen Fällen die morphologische Dignitätsbestimmung erst in der endgültigen Paraffinhistologie gelingt, wobei für die exakte Diagnosefindung auch der Einsatz der Immunhistochemie und zunehmend molekularpathologischer Analysen zur Verfügung stehen.

Die klassische Unterteilung der Schilddrüsentumoren in benigne und maligne wurde nach der 2017 veröffentlichen WHO-Klassifikation um die Gruppe der Neoplasien mit unsicherem/(extrem) geringem Malignitätspotenzial erweitert. Durch die Etablierung der „nicht invasiven follikulären Neoplasie mit PTC-äquivalenten Kernmerkmalen (NIFTP)“ wird erstmalig aufgrund des erwiesenen indolenten biologischen Verhaltens eine Subgruppe von nach bisherigen Diagnosekriterien als gekapselte follikuläre Variante des papillären Karzinoms (FV-PTC) klassifizierte Tumoren nicht mehr als Krebs bezeichnet, wodurch den betroffenen Patienten sowohl eine Übertherapie als auch die psychologische Belastung durch die Krebsdiagnose erspart wird.

Der in der Pathologie erhobene Befund von Schilddrüsenneoplasien beruht zwischenzeitlich auf einer Reihe durchaus subtiler morphologischer und/oder molekularpathologischer Kriterien. Dieser Befund ist aber der entscheidende Parameter des weiteren Managements der betroffenen Patienten/Patientinnen, was auch maßgeblich die Nuklearmedizin betrifft. Darüber hinaus bietet die Nuklearmedizin äußerst vielversprechende neue diagnostische und auch therapeutische Ansätze zur Behandlung des Schilddrüsenkarzinoms.
Ultrasound-Guided de Quervain's Tendon Release, Feasibility, and First Outcomes
Authors: Croutzet Pierre , Guinand Regis , Mares Olivier , Apard Thomas , Candelier Gilles , David Isabelle
Published: September 2019

Background de Quervain's syndrome is one of the main tendonitis of the wrist. The hypothesis of authors was that de Quervain's syndrome could be successfully treated with a specific ultrasound-guided percutaneous procedure, as it is for trigger finger.

Surgical Technique Identification of the subcompartmentalization of the first extensor compartment was performed first, using the Hiranuma's classification, prior to the surgery. Then, we assessed precisely the positions of the sensory branches of the radial nerve and drew the landmarks. Through a continuous ultrasound in-plane control, we performed a percutaneous retrograde section of each part of the first compartment of the extensors, using a dedicated surgical blade.

Methods In a cadaveric study, authors proposed to assess the feasibility and safety of a new and specific procedure and then assessed their first clinical cases. Fourteen specimen wrists were analyzed with ultrasound and the procedure was performed prior to an open control of the efficiency of the release, and safety for the superficial nerves. Then, we reported the results of the 22 first patients included in the clinical series.

Results In a cadaver laboratory, authors were able to identify with ultrasound the type of first compartment septation (subcompartmentalization) in 13 cases (n = 14). The misidentification induced one incomplete release. No damages of the superficial radial nerve were observed despite close relationship. In the small series (n = 22), the duration of surgery was 8 minutes (range: 4–18 minutes). It was performed in office surgery and no morbidities were noticed. All patients improved, from quickDASH preoperative score of 59 (range: 28–71) to quichDASH postoperative score of 9 (range: 0–25).

Conclusion Ultrasound-guided percutaneous release in the de Quervain's disease is a safe and reliable procedure without specific morbidity. Great care should be taken to avoid sensory nerve injuries and to identify the correct type of subcompartmentalization with a precise ultrasound evaluation.
2-(3-Cyanopropyldimethylsilyl)ethyl as a Polar Sulfur Protecting Group
Authors: Bannwart Linda M. , Rieder Pascal S. , Mayor Marcel
Published: September 2019

Organosulfur compounds are ubiquitous in synthetic chemistry, biology and materials chemistry. The reactivity of free sulfhydryls requires their masking in many synthetic strategies. To facilitate the isolation of protected thiols by chromatography, we propose 2-(3-cyanopropyldimethylsilyl)ethyl as a polar protecting group analogue of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl. The masked thiophenol is obtained in two synthetically complementing ways. Either an existing thiophenol is protected, or the protected thiol group is introduced by a cross-coupling reaction. In both cases the required reagents are readily available from inexpensive starting materials. Thiol protection and thiol introduction both tolerate a large variety of functional groups and substitution patterns, and the protected thiophenols are stable toward a broad range of reaction conditions. The stability of the protected derivatives in cross-coupling reactions and the mild reaction conditions for the release of the protecting group further emphasizes the potential of the methodology.
Radical α-C–H Cyclobutylation of Aniline Derivatives
Authors: Pratt Cameron J. , Aycock R. Adam , King Max D. , Jui Nathan T.
Published: September 2019

A catalytic system has been developed for the direct alkylation of α-C–H bonds of aniline derivatives with strained C–C σ-bonds. This method operates through a photoredox mechanism in which oxidative formation of aminoalkyl radical intermediates enables addition to a bicyclobutane derivative, giving rise to α-cyclobutyl N-alkylaniline products. This mild system proceeds through a redox- and proton-neutral mechanism and is operational for a range of substituted arylamine derivatives.
Regional Contribution of Previable Infant Deaths to Infant Mortality Rates in the United States
Authors: Lee MacKenzie , Hall Eric S. , Taylor Meredith , DeFranco Emily A.
Published: September 2019

Objective Lack of standardization of infant mortality rate (IMR) calculation between regions in the United States makes comparisons potentially biased. This study aimed to quantify differences in the contribution of early previable live births (<20 weeks) to U.S. regional IMR.

Study Design Population-based cohort study of all U.S. live births and infant deaths recorded between 2007 and 2014 using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) WONDER database linked birth/infant death records (births from 17–47 weeks). Proportion of infant deaths attributable to births <20 vs. 20 to 47 weeks, and difference (ΔIMR) between reported and modified (births ≥20 weeks) IMRs were compared across four U.S. census regions (North, South, Midwest, and West).

Results Percentages of infant deaths attributable to birth <20 weeks were 6.3, 6.3, 5.3, and 4.1% of total deaths for Northeast, Midwest, South, and West, respectively, p < 0.001. Contribution of < 20-week deaths to each region's IMR was 0.34, 0.42, 0.37, and 0.2 per 1,000 live births. Modified IMR yielded less regional variation with IMRs of 5.1, 6.2, 6.6, and 4.9 per 1,000 live births.

Conclusion Live births at <20 weeks contribute significantly to IMR as all result in infant death. Standardization of gestational age cut-off results in more consistent IMRs among U.S. regions and would result in U.S. IMR rates exceeding the healthy people 2020 goal of 6.0 per 1,000 live births.
New Strategies to Tackle the Combined Biological and Social Context of Preterm Birth
Authors: Montoya-Williams Diana , Salloum Ramzi G. , Lorch Scott A.
Published: September 2019

Objective Preterm birth rates in the population and associated racial inequities have remained relatively unchanged in the United States despite research aimed at prevention. This is potentially the result of the multifactorial pathophysiologic pathways that result in preterm birth, where biological and social drivers intersect in unique ways for different women. The field of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science may address this issue by promoting the contextually-aware uptake of science into health and health care delivery.

Study Design In this paper, we describe how the field of D&I science may afford new perspectives on preterm birth prevention to researchers and tools to design studies that translate clinical trial data into measurable changes at the level of the population. We discuss key examples where the perspectives and tools of D&I science have been used in conjunction with quality improvement methodology to change preterm birth rates in large population studies. We build on these case studies and suggest future D&I science-informed studies that could be explored.

Conclusion Incorporating D&I scientific principles into the design of studies to prevent preterm birth may allow future research to better address the varied ways in which social forces comingle with biological risk factors to result in preterm birth.
The Association between Positive Antenatal Depression Screening and Breastfeeding Initiation and Continuation
Authors: Stark Elisabeth L. , Shim Jessica , Ross Carolyn M. , Miller Emily S.
Published: September 2019

Objective This study was aimed to determine the association between antenatal depression and breastfeeding initiation and continuation at 6 weeks postpartum.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study included all live-born deliveries after 24weeks' gestation at a single tertiary care institution between 2009 and 2014 with a documented antenatal depression screen using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). During the study period, it was recommended that routine screening occur during both the first and third trimesters. A positive screen was defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥ 10. Breastfeeding initiation and continuation until 6 weeks' postpartum were compared between women with and without a positive screen using bivariable analyses. Stepwise backward elimination regressions were used to identify whether a positive screen was independently associated with breastfeeding rates after controlling for confounders.

Results Among the 2,871 women meeting inclusion criteria, 302 (10.5%) were screened positive for antenatal depression. After adjusting for confounders, there were no differences in breastfeeding initiation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52–1.16), but women with a positive antenatal depression screen were significantly less likely to continue breastfeeding at 6 weeks' postpartum (aOR= 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48–0.96).

Conclusion A positive antenatal depression, screened in the first or third trimester, is a significant risk factor for early breastfeeding cessation.
Nasendoscopic Findings of Velopharyngeal Sphincter in Operated Cleft Palate Patients: Is It Different than Normal Population
Authors: Sharma Akangsha , Sahu Shamendra Anand , Agrawal Karoon
Published: September 2019

Objective This study was aimed for nasendoscopic assessment of velopharyngeal sphinteric closure in patients with operated cleft palate and to compare it with normal population.

Design A cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary cleft care center in 30 patients with operated cleft palate after a minimum of 6 months of their surgery and 30 randomly selected volunteers with normal speech. Both groups were one-time evaluated by three observers using 70 degree rigid nasendoscope and/or pediatric fiber optic endoscope. Velopharyngeal sphincter closure characteristics in terms of pattern of closure, dominant element involved in the closure, degree of palatal movement, and completeness of the closure were evaluated, recorded, and compared between the groups.

Results In both groups, the most common pattern of closure is coronal and soft palate is the dominant mobile element in velopharyngeal closure. All normal subjects showed complete closure of the sphincter with good soft palate movement. But only 50% of the operated patients with cleft showed complete closure and even less than them had good movements of the soft palate.

Conclusions Although the pattern of the closure in the operated patients is similar to the normal subjects, the movement of the soft palate and completeness of the velopharyngeal sphincter closure still remain the problem in the operated palate patients.
Modulation of ion beams in two-component plasmas: Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation
Authors: Hui De-Xuan , Hu Zhang-Hu , Zhao Yong-Tao , Cheng Rui , Mei Xian-Xiu , Wang You-Nian
Published: September 2019

The propagation of low energy continuous ion beams through background plasmas is studied numerically using a three-dimensional particle-in-cell code. It is found that after the well known self-modulation effect, a secondary self-modulation occurs, leading to a trimodal energy spectrum of the ion beam. The accuracy of the “focusing regions” concept is studied by comparing the phase relation of the wakefield and beam density. Furthermore, the form of the wakefield induced by two counter-propagation ion beams is verified.
Impact of lattice defects on water oxidation properties in SnNb2O6 photoanode prepared by pulsed-laser deposition method
Authors: Matsuo Hiroki , Katayama Masao , Minegishi Tsutomu , Yamada Taro , Kudo Akihiko , Domen Kazunari
Published: September 2019

SnNb2O6 is one of the promising photoanode materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting. We prepared the SnNb2O6 thin-film photoanode with various Sn/Nb ratios by a pulsed-laser deposition method and investigated impacts of lattice defects in the SnNb2O6 photoanode on the water oxidation property. Photoelectrochemical measurements and Raman spectroscopy analyses for the SnNb2O6 photoanodes presented that the water oxidation property can be improved by suppressing the formation of the acceptor site caused by the substitution of Sn4+ for the Nb5+ site in the crystal lattice of SnNb2O6. This study provides material’s design strategy based on defect chemistry to realize an efficient SnNb2O6 photoanode used for the photoelectrochemical cell, which can operate without an external bias.
Ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy of aqueous solutions
Authors: Suzuki Toshinori
Published: September 2019

Chemical reaction dynamics in liquids and at interfaces are central themes in the materials, energy, and environmental sciences. Ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy of liquids enables unprecedented access to the electronic dynamics of transient chemical species, providing deeper insights into nonadiabatic reaction dynamics in aqueous solutions, which are strongly coupled with solvation dynamics.
Method for real-time measurement of the nonlinear refractive index
Authors: Fernández Manuel P. , Bulus Rossini Laureano A. , Costanzo Caso Pablo A.
Published: September 2019

In this work, we propose a novel method for continuous real-time measurement of the dynamics of the nonlinear refractive index n2. This is particularly important for characterizing phenomena or materials (such as biological tissues, gases, and other compounds) whose nonlinear behavior or structure varies rapidly with time. The proposed method ingeniously employs two powerful tools: the spectral broadening induced by self-phase modulation and the real-time spectral analysis using the dispersive Fourier transformation. The feasibility of the technique is experimentally demonstrated, achieving high-speed measurements at rates of several megahertz.
A configurable ion source for validating spaceflight-based thermal plasma measurement systems
Authors: Robertson Ellen , Earle Gregory , Green Jonathan
Published: September 2019

Thermal ion instruments are valuable for analyzing Earth’s upper atmosphere. Prelaunch vacuum chamber testing of such instruments with a thermal ion source is often used to validate the performance of such instruments in a relevant environment, which is a prerequisite for a NASA flight. In this paper, we describe a new ion source that can be used for such tests, compare its performance with simulation results, and present an example of the utility for the source for validating the performance of an instrument.
Influence of structural parameters on organic semiconducting polymer lasers with an external holographic grating as feedback layer
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Kong Xiaobo , Liu Yanqing , Sun Lin , Xuan Li
Published: September 2019

We report on the fabrication and characterization of an organic distributed feedback laser excited from a semiconducting polymer gain layer, poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p-phenyl-envinylene) (MEH-PPV). A holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating is fabricated on top of the homogeneous MEH-PPV layer as an external cavity. We established a model to calculate the confinement factor Γ. With the change of laser structural parameters (the refractive index of the grating layer, the film thickness of the MEH-PPV layer, etc.), the confinement factor Γ changes accordingly. It was found that a single longitudinal lasing mode could be observed only when the confinement factor Γ was in a specific range. Choosing a reasonable thickness of gain film and prepolymer with higher refractive index can obtain a lower threshold emission laser.
Thermally driven Fermi glass states in warm dense matter: Effects on terahertz and direct-current conductivities
Authors: Kang Dongdong , Zhang Shen , Hou Yong , Gao Cheng , Meng Congsen , Zeng Jiaolong , Yuan Jianmin
Published: September 2019

There is a growing interest in the electrical conductivity of warm dense matter from terahertz-frequency alternating current to direct current. Herein, using first-principles molecular dynamics simulations, we show that ionic thermal motion in warm dense matter drives thermal fluctuations in the electronic valence band that produce localized states in Lifshitz tails on the top and bottom of the bands. We predict Fermi glass states when these localized states extend and fill the gap between valence and conduction bands. This significantly affects the ultralow-frequency and direct current conductivity because of the very small but nonzero energy gaps between these localized states. An order parameter is proposed to describe the degree of glassiness of an electron energy band using the local density-of-state distribution. To take into account thermal hopping, we introduce electron energy-level broadening as a thermal correction term in the Kubo–Greenwood equation. The calculated terahertz conductivities of warm dense helium and argon show the differences between the Fermi glass and normal metal states.
Flow and mixing dynamics of phase-transforming multicomponent fluids
Authors: Mukherjee Saikat , Gomez Hector
Published: September 2019

Despite the importance of phase-transforming, multicomponent fluids in medical diagnostics, atmospheric flows, or supercavitating vehicles, our understanding of their flow and mixing dynamics is very limited. Here, we investigate two-component flows, where one of the components is an incondensable gas and the other one is a fluid that undergoes liquid-vapor phase transformations accompanied by changes in its miscibility with the gas. We derived a continuum model from a Gibbs free energy that includes gradients of the fluid density and gas concentration, leading to a generalization of the classical equations of multiphase flow hydrodynamics. High-fidelity numerical simulations of the model show a very complex interplay between flow, mixing, and phase transformations. The model predicts quantitatively the saturation vapor pressure of water for a given mixture of air and water vapor at different temperatures. When applied to the problem of collapse of cavitation bubbles, the model allows us to study the role of gas dissolved in the liquid phase in the dynamics of the collapsing bubble. Our findings on the collapse of multicomponent bubbles have a strong bearing on the multiple applications of cavitation bubbles. The proposed model opens entirely different ways to study phase-transforming multicomponent fluids.