bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mechanisms of Microcystin Toxicity in Animal Cells
Authors: Campos Alexandre , Vasconcelos Vitor
Published: January 2010

Microcystins (MC) are potent hepatotoxins produced by the cyanobacteria of the genera Planktothrix, Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Nostoc and Anabaena. These cyclic heptapeptides have strong affinity to serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PPs) thereby acting as an inhibitor of this group of enzymes. Through this interaction a cascade of events responsible for the MC cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in animal cells may take place. Moreover MC induces oxidative stress in animal cells and together with the inhibition of PPs, this pathway is considered to be one of the main mechanisms of MC toxicity. In recent years new insights on the key enzymes involved in the signal-transduction and toxicity have been reported demonstrating the complexity of the interaction of these toxins with animal cells. Key proteins involved in MC up-take, biotransformation and excretion have been identified, demonstrating the ability of aquatic animals to metabolize and excrete the toxin. MC have shown to interact with the mitochondria. The consequences are the dysfunction of the organelle, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis. MC activity leads to the differential expression/activity of transcriptional factors and protein kinases involved in the pathways of cellular differentiation, proliferation and tumor promotion activity. This activity may result from the direct inhibition of the protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. This review aims to summarize the increasing data regarding the molecular mechanisms of MC toxicity in animal systems, reporting for direct MC interacting proteins and key enzymes in the process of toxicity biotransformation/excretion of these cyclic peptides.
Complementary UV-Absorption of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids and Scytonemin is Responsible for the UV-Insensitivity of Photosynthesis in Nostoc flagelliforme
Authors: Ferroni Lorenzo , Klisch Manfred , Pancaldi Simonetta , Häder Donat-Peter
Published: January 2010

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and scytonemin are UV-screening compounds that have presumably appeared early in the history of life and are widespread in cyanobacteria. Natural colonies of the UV-insensitive Nostoc flagelliforme were found to be especially rich in MAAs (32.1 mg g DW-1), concentrated in the glycan sheath together with scytonemin. MAAs are present in the form of oligosaccharide-linked molecules. Photosystem II activity, measured using PAM fluorescence and oxygen evolution, was used as a most sensitive physiological parameter to analyse the effectiveness of UV-protection. Laboratory experiments were performed under controlled conditions with a simulated solar radiation specifically deprived of UV-wavebands with cut-off filters (295, 305, 320, 345 and 395 nm). The UV-insensitivity of N. flagelliforme was found to cover the whole UV-A (315–400 nm) and UV-B (280–320 nm) range and is almost certainly due to the complementary UV-absorption of MAAs and scytonemin. The experimental approach used is proposed to be suitable for the comparison of the UV-protection ability in organisms that differ in their complement of UV-sunscreen compounds. Furthermore, this study performed with a genuinely terrestrial organism points to the relevance of marine photoprotective compounds for life on Earth, especially for the colonization of terrestrial environments.
Total Synthesis of Annonaceous Acetogenins Belonging to the Non-Adjacent Bis-THF and Non-Adjacent THF-THP Sub-Classes
Authors: Spurr Ian  B. , Brown Richard C. D.
Published: January 2010

The synthesis of the subgroups of acetogenins containing non-adjacent bis-THF and non-adjacent THF-THP core units is reviewed. Specifically, total syntheses of gigantecin, 4-deoxygigantecin, cis-sylvaticin, squamostatin-C, squamostatin-D, sylvaticin and mucocin are discussed.
Monoclonal Antibodies for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Ponticelli Claudio , Moroni Gabriella
Published: January 2010

A number of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are now under investigation in clinical trials to assess their potential role in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The most frequently used mAb is rituximab, which is directed against CD20, a membrane protein expressed on B lymphocytes. Uncontrolled trials reported an improvement of SLE activity in non-renal patients and other studies even reported an improvement of severe lupus nephritis unresponsive to conventional treatments. However two randomized trials failed to show the superiority of rituximab over conventional treatment in non renal SLE and in lupus nephritis. Preliminary trials reported promising results with epratuzumab, a humanized mAb directed against CD22, and with belimumab, a human mAb that specifically recognizes and inhibits the biological activity of BLyS a cytokine of the tumornecrosis-factor (TNF) ligand superfamily. Other clinical trials with mAb directed against TNF-alpha, interleukin-10 (Il-10), Il-6, CD154, CD40 ligand, IL-18 or complement component C5 are under way. At present, however, in spite of good results reported by some studies, no firm conclusion on the risk-benefit profile of these mAbs in patients with SLE can be drawn from the available studies.
Deflection of Cross-Ply Composite Laminates Induced by Piezoelectric Actuators
Authors: Her Shiuh-Chuan , Lin Chi-Sheng
Published: January 2010

The coupling effects between the mechanical and electric properties of piezoelectric materials have drawn significant attention for their potential applications as sensors and actuators. In this investigation, two piezoelectric actuators are symmetrically surface bonded on a cross-ply composite laminate. Electric voltages with the same amplitude and opposite sign are applied to the two symmetric piezoelectric actuators, resulting in the bending effect on the laminated plate. The bending moment is derived by using the classical laminate theory and piezoelectricity. The analytical solution of the flexural displacement of the simply supported composite plate subjected to the bending moment is solved by using the plate theory. The analytical solution is compared with the finite element solution to show the validation of present approach. The effects of the size and location of the piezoelectric actuators on the response of the composite laminate are presented through a parametric study. A simple model incorporating the classical laminate theory and plate theory is presented to predict the deformed shape of the simply supported laminate plate.
Development of an Alcohol Dehydrogenase Biosensor for Ethanol Determination with Toluidine Blue O Covalently Attached to a Cellulose Acetate Modified Electrode
Authors: Alpat Şenol , Telefoncu Azmi
Published: January 2010

In this work, a novel voltammetric ethanol biosensor was constructed using alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Firstly, alcohol dehydrogenase was immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode modified by cellulose acetate (CA) bonded to toluidine blue O (TBO). Secondly, the surface was covered by a glutaraldehyde/bovine serum albumin (BSA) cross-linking procedure to provide a new voltammetric sensor for the ethanol determination. In order to fabricate the biosensor, a new electrode matrix containing insoluble Toluidine Blue O (TBO) was obtained from the process, and enzyme/coenzyme was combined on the biosensor surface. The influence of various experimental conditions was examined for the characterization of the optimum analytical performance. The developed biosensor exhibited sensitive and selective determination of ethanol and showed a linear response between 1 × 10−5 M and 4 × 10−4 M ethanol. A detection limit calculated as three times the signal-to-noise ratio was 5.0 × 10−6 M. At the end of the 20th day, the biosensor still retained 50% of its initial activity.
A Nanopore Structured High Performance Toluene Gas Sensor Made by Nanoimprinting Method
Authors: Kim Kwang-Su , Baek Woon-Hyuk , Kim Jung-Min , Yoon Tae-Sik , Lee Hyun Ho , Kang Chi Jung , Kim Yong-Sang
Published: January 2010

Toluene gas was successfully measured at room temperature using a device microfabricated by a nanoimprinting method. A highly uniform nanoporous thin film was produced with a dense array of titania (TiO2) pores with a diameter of 70~80 nm using this method. This thin film had a Pd/TiO2 nanoporous/SiO2/Si MIS layered structure with Pd-TiO2 as the catalytic sensing layer. The nanoimprinting method was useful in expanding the TiO2 surface area by about 30%, as confirmed using AFM and SEM imaging. The measured toluene concentrations ranged from 50 ppm to 200 ppm. The toluene was easily detected by changing the Pd/TiO2 interface work function, resulting in a change in the I-V characteristics.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF OPTIC NERVE DISK IMAGES
Authors: Puzienė Viktorija , Jegelevičius Darius
Published: January 2010

Analysis of optic nerve disk is done for different categories of images. Optic nerve disk images of the same eye and of different eyes of good and bad quality are investigated using spectral, histogram, edge parameters. Results show that mean power spectrum is the best parameter for separating images into quality classes in the same eye image case and mean power spectrum of high frequency is the best parameter for separating images into quality classes in the different eye image case.
ANALYSIS OF HEXAPOD ROBOT LOCOMOTION
Authors: Luneckas Tomas
Published: January 2010

Hexapod robot locomotion is analyzed. Trajectory forming method for one leg is introduced. Servo angles are expressed using geometric inverse kinematics method. Forming of tripod gait is described and a diagram representing it is presented. Servo control parameters are defined to ensure fluent and versatile robot control. Several servo control methods are presented. After testing robot movement using different servo control methods, gait generation is corrected and control method that meets servo control parameters is chosen.
INTERVEHICLE COMMUNICATION RESEARCH – COMMUNICATION SCENARIOS
Authors: Stanaitis Šarūnas
Published: January 2010

Recently intervehicle communications are attracting much attention from industry and academia. Upcoming standard for intervehicle communication IEEE 802.11p, known as Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE), is still in its draft stage, but already coming into final standardization phase. Problematic, regarding mobile WAVE nodes, are described in several articles, simulations prepared and experiments done. But most of these works do not consider possible maximal communication load. This paper presents intervehicle communication scenario in respect to radio communications, mobility and other aspects of vehicular environments.
MODEL OF CURRENT SPACE VECTOR CONTROL
Authors: Janickas Robertas
Published: January 2010

Space vector control Simulink model is developed and investigated. Physical phenomena occurring in AC motor during mentioned control usage and results are discussed. Short circuit mode is investigated.
Mashups for Learning - Editorial
Authors: Ebner Martin , Klamma Ralf , Schaffert Sandra
Published: January 2010

The special track â??Mashups for Learning
NOTES ON THE HOSTS AND PARASITES OF SOME LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE
Authors: Putman William L.
Published: January 2010

In an attempt to discover the native hosts of the parasites of the oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha molesta Busck) the larvae of a considerable number of microlepidoptera were collected and reared. The economic results of the work have been1 presented by the writer in a previous paper; the present paper comprises a list of the lepidoptera which were reared, with their food plants and parasites. The lepidoptera were determined by Dr. J. McDunnough of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa, and the hymenoptera by Mr. G. S. Walley of Ottawa and the specialists of the United States Bureau of Entomologym, Washington.
A NEW NOCTUID FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (LEPID., CUCULLIINAE)
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

Male. Antennae weakly bipectinate. or more properly speaking lamellate and fasciculate, the width of each lamella being noticeably less than in the closely allied pulla Grt. Palpi and head clothed with rough blackish hairs ; tegulae crested,the basal portion deep smoky, the upper half light grayish tipped with darker, a fine blackish transverse line at the point of denemarcation of the two colors; patagia clothed with mixed gray and blackish hairs ; thoracic vestiture deep smoky with a small blackish median tuft on metanotum.
SOME NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF DELTOCEPHALOID LEAFHOPPERS
Authors: Delong Dwight M. , Davidson Ralph H.
Published: January 2010

Resembling caperatus in size and general appearance but without color markings, apparently more closely related to apicatus and alboneura but with short wings. Length 2-2.5 mm.

Vertex bluntly angled, a little longer on middle than basal width between eyes. Elytra short covering only first four or five basal segments of abdomen, apical cells very small.

Color straw yellow, frequently unmarked. Ocelli black. 111 dark specimens with faint markings on vertex. Four large brown spots on anterior margin of pronotum and veins of elytra heavily infuscated.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE LARVAL ELATERIDAE (COLEOPTERA) NO. I: LUDIUS AERIPENNIS DESTRUCTOR BROWN
Authors: Glen Robert
Published: January 2010

In the realization that all exact field experimentation and census work with insects is dependent upon accurate recognition of the species involved, a study of the comparative external morphology of the larvae was planned, from the first. as an integral part of the major project on wireworms, which was incepted in 1922, at the Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The soundness of this viewpoint has been amply demonstrated, in that the morphological work has repeatedly proved to be vital to the whole economic study of this pest, which is being increasingly recognized (King, 1928; Seamans, 1933) as one of the major problems of wheat-growing in western Canada.
TWO NEW GENERA OF NORTH AMERICAN HEPTAGENIIDAE (EPHEMERIDA)
Authors: Traver Jay R.
Published: January 2010

Through the courtesy of Dr. McDunnough, I have recently been permitted to study many specimens of mayflies allied to the genus Iron, which were collected in Western Canada. Imagoes of both sexes and correctly associated nymphs of several species were included in the material, which was loaned to me from the Canadian National Collection. A study of these specimens, together with others in the Cornell University Collection, convinces me that two new genera are represented, which I designate respectively as Ironodes and Ironpsis.
NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN SCARABAEIDAE II (COLEOP.)
Authors: Barrett R. E.
Published: January 2010

Oval, slightly oblong, moderately robust, rufocastaneous to brown, dull,Clypeus feebly emarginate, the margin narrowly reflexed, coarsely and deeply punctured, frontal suture not deeply impressed. front more coarsely punctured and with short erect setae. Pronotum obtusely angulate, the lateral margins coarsely crenate and with rather long ciliae, punctures moderate in size separated by 2 to 3 times their own diameters slightly denser near margins, each puncture bearing a short semi-erect seta, median smooth line indistinct to absent in some specimens. Scutellum wider than long, punctures fine and shallow each bearing a short seta, evenly distributed. Elytra with punctures finer than on pronotum separated by 2 to 3 times their onn diameters, each puncture with short semierect setae, longer setae arising from punctures on each side of the scutellum and along the sutural costae and lateral margins, sutural costae well defined, others obsolete.
THE ANATOMY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF COLEOPHORA PRUNIELLA Cl
Authors: Doner Melvin H.
Published: January 2010

The present paper presents the results of a study of a number of dissections of the reproductive system of the cherry case bearer,Coleophora pruniellaCI. while making observations on the general morphology and biology of this species. The work was done while located at the Peninsular Branch Experiment Station at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin.

The Male (Fig. I)

The reproductive system of the male is decidedly more simple than that of the female and its essential features agree with those described for other Lepidoptera.
SOME BUTTERFLIES OF SOUTHERN NEWFOUNDLAND WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SUBSPECIES (LEPID. RHOPAL.)
Authors: dos Passos Cyril F.
Published: January 2010

The Island of Newfoundland is divided into tliree faunal zones—Arctic, Hudsonian and Canadian. The latter two are of about equal size but the first is only a narrow strip along the North and North East coasts. TheCollection hereinafter referred to came exclusively from the southwestern part the island in the Canadian zone. The locality is interesting because this part of Newfoundland remained unglaciated during the last continental glaciation. It possesses a large relict flora of species which have persisted since pleistocene times and it is possible that some insects of that period also survie.
A NEW RACE OF GLAUCOPSYCHE LYGDAMUS FROM THE WHITE MOUNTAINS, ARIZ. (LEPID., LYCAENIDAE)
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

Male. Characterized by thle broad black outer border on the upper-side of both wings, this border being frequently 2 mm. in width. The blue color on the remaining wing-area is very deep, and, although quite shiny in certain lights, is more the color of P. icnrioides, and much darker than in the other western races. On the underside the black spots are very large, and prominently white-ringed; the ground color is a deep gray-brown, rather reminiscent of the type form and darker than is usual in the Coloradan oro Scud. Fringes white.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE MEALY BUG, PHENATACOCCUS ACERIS SIG.
Authors: Gilliatt F. C.
Published: January 2010

In the Canadian Entomologist, August, 1935, the writer presented a short life-history of the mealy bug, Phenacoccus aceris Sig. Since the preparation of the above paper, further interesting observations have been recorded.

The female nymphs emerge from the winter cocoons and disseminate over the tree to feed, considerably earlier in the spring than was originally suppsed. When visiting an infested orchard near -Annapolis Royal on March 20, 1935, the writer was surprised to find that the females were already feeding in small numbers on the fruit spurs. An estimate of the emergence at this date was from 4 to 5 percent of the total infestation. A few were also observed emerging from the winter cocoons and beginning to make their way to the outer limbs. These observations were made on a clear bright day about 4 p.m. At the time, it was slightly below freezing in the shade. In the sunshine the temperature was probably a few degrees above the freezing point. There was nearly a foot of snow under the trees in the orchard.
AMERICAN SPECIES OF LUDIUS; THE INFLATUS GROUP
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

The species considered below are commonly confused in collections under the name inflatus Say. They resemble one another very closely, but critical study of the material at hand has shown the value and constancy of the characters noted below. The most important characters are those of the antennae, noted in the first couplet of the following key, and of the aedeagus.
A REVIEW OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF CHLOROPISCA (DIPTERA, CHLOROPIDAE),
Authors: Sabrosky Curtis W.
Published: January 2010

Some recently discovered changes in nomenclature led to the preparation of a synopsis of the Nearctic species of Chloropisca, which is presented with notes upon the distribution as checked by the writer and a key to the eleven known species. Chloropisca sulfurifrons Duda is included with some doubt.

It is rather remarkable that among a group as common as Chloropisca so little is known regarding the life history and habits. Chloropisca glabra is the only species in which the life history is well known. Its larvae are predaceous upon root aphids,and are especially important predators of the sugar beet root aphis, Pemphigus betae Doane.
NEW LEAFHOPPERS FROM THE WESTERN UNITED STATES (HOMOPTERA-CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Beamer R. H.
Published: January 2010

Types of the following new species of Cicadellidae are in the Snow Entomological Collection, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.

Hebecephalus hilaris n. sp.

Resembling H. crassus (DeL.) but head more roundingly blunt, female last ventral segment with median lobes sharp instead of rounded, and male style with foot distinctly boot-shaped. Length 3.25 mm.

Color. Cinereous with fuscous markings. Vertex with typical three pairs of spots. Pronotum and scutellum more or less irrorate with brown. Veins of elytra light more or less regularly margined with brown. Venter more or less infuscated.
FURTHER NOTES ON THE SYNONYMY OF NORTH AMERICAN EUPITHECIAS (LEPID., GEOM.)
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

Through the courtesy of the authorities of the American Museum of Natural History I have been enabled recently to make slides of the genitalia of a number of Pearsall's types of Eupithecia, contained in their collections, and also to examine slides of type material made by Mr. S. Cassino. The following- new synonymy is based on a careful study of this slide material and a comparison with numerous slides and figures of the genitalia of type material of other authors before me. It continues illy work on this genus contained in several papers published in the Canadian Entonlolcgist in 1929-1932.
AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE ANTS OF IDAHO (HYMEOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Cole A. C.
Published: January 2010

The known ants of the state of Idaho comprise about 73 named species, subspecies and varieties. They occupy a wide variety of habitats ranging from dunes of pure sand, barren and wind-blown, to forests of yellow pine, fir and spruce, with an abundance of shade and moistuce. Because of the large amount of vegetation in the montane forests and subalpine pine meadows a large percentage of the ant fauna lives there, if not exclusively at least in very great numbers. It is, however, rather surprising to observe the large number of species which nest on the dry plains of sagebrush, bromegras and rabbitbrush, and on the scattered alkaline flats of greasewood in the southern part of the state.
ON THE IDENTITY OF A SO-CALLED RACE OF PARNASSIUS SMINTHEUS FROM MANITOBA
Authors: McDunnouch J.
Published: January 2010

In a recent number of the European publication Parnassiana (Vol. 111, p. 55) I was astonished to note that under the title “A Critical Revision of the Genus Parnassius based on Material in the Eisner Collection,” Messrs. Bryk and Eisner had described a race of P. smintheus with the subspecific name manitobaensis from “End Mountains, Manitoba.”

As it appeared extremely problematic that Parnassius would turn up in Manitoba without rumours of the find reaching- Ottawa, I got in touch with several collectors in the province. From one, Mr. J. F. May of Norgate, Man. I received a reply that the specimens in question had been supplied by him but that they had been distinctly labelled “End Mountain, Alta.,” a locality I believe to be situated in the Banff region. Under these circumstances the name manitobaensis will sink into the synonymy of the typical race smintheus, as found in the Canadian Rockies.
A NEW HELIOLONCHE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (LEPID., NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

Head, palpi and thorax clothed with rough olive-ochreous hair, the palpi with a considerable admixture of black hairs apically. Pectus and legs with similarly colored, rough vestiture. Abdomen dorsally with sparse ochreous hairs over a black ground and with the posterior margins of segments ringed narrowly with ochreous scales ; laterally and ventrally with strong vestiture of rather bright yellow hair. Primaries deep pink with a broad, subterminal curved band of oliveochreous from below apex of wing to near base of wing above vein I, narrowing considerably at this point; a streak of the same color in the cell.
FURTHER NOTES ON CANADIAN PLUME MOTHS (LEPID., PTEROPHORIDAE)
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

Walsingham described this species from a variable series of specimens taken in Colusa, Shasta and Siskiyou Cos., Calif. No definite type is designated but from correspondence with Mr. W. H. T. Tams of the ,British Museum I find that the author marked his types "Type I" and "Type II." Type I, the obvious holotype, is labelled "Pit River, Shasta Co. California, VII, 1871, P1. 2, fig. 13" and according to Mr. Tams is much the tawnier of the two "types." Type II is labelled "Uncle Sam Mount, Lake Co. Calif. VI, 1871, PI. 2, fig. 14" and, as the figure shows, is a pale, immaculate form. Barnes and Lindsey make californica Grin. (1908, Can. Ent. XL,, 321) from S. Calif. a synonym and describe the color of the forewings as creamy-white to tawny-brown, the latter color being that given by Grinnell in his description of californica.
THRIPS ATTACKING MAN
Authors: Bailey Stanley F.
Published: January 2010

So many observations verging on the extraordinary and bizarre have been made of insect behavior that we no ionger are surprised to learn of insects appearing out of their normal environment. It is thus with interest rather than wonder that we note a few scattered references in entomological literature to thrips, normally considered phytophagous and to some extent predaceous, attacking man in a transitory manner.
A PROGRESS REPORT ON THE MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF SOUTHERN INDIANA, AND THEIR PARASITES
Authors: Marshall G. Edw. , Musgrave Lester I.
Published: January 2010

Since 1930 a study has been made of the lepidopterous stem borers and leaf rollers breeding on deciduous fruit trees as well as on uncultivated plants in or near orchards which have served as sites for Oriental fruit worm parasite liberations. Parasites of these lepidopterous larvae have been reared as an important phase of the study. The objects of these studies include a record of the Microlepidoptera and their hosts and parasites, and possible alternate hosts of introduced parasites of the Oriental fruit worm.
TWO NEW APHIDS FROM MASSACHUSETTS
Authors: Miller Forrest W.
Published: January 2010

Alate vivipara.—Color of head and thorax yellow to very light brown; abdomen pale yellow; cornicles, legs and the antennae concolorous with abdomen.

Meusurements: Body, 2.14-2.5 mm.; hind tibia, 1.08 mm.; antennal segments, III .80-.97 mm.; IV .51-.58 mm.; V .40-.46 mm.; VI .14 plus .84-.90 mm.; cornicles, .21 mm.
THE COMPOSITE THRIPS, MICROCEPHALOTHRIPS ABDOMINALIS (CRAWFORD)
Authors: Bailey Stanley F.
Published: January 2010

It is often more convenient to call an insect hy its common name than by its scientific name. This doubtless is the case with Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford). Watson (1923) first referred to this thrips as the “Compositae Thrips” and, in view of its decided preference for members of this plant family, it seems appropriate to adopt this common name.
CRITICAL NOTES ON THE CANADIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS EREBIA (LEPID.)
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

While rearranging our North American species of the genus Erebia in accordance with the recently published Monograph of the genus by B. C. S. Warren (1936) I was struck by the fact that in several instances our Canadian species had, especially as regards their areas of distribution, been treated in a rather superficial manner and with less of the thoroughness which marks the treatment of the balance of the species. This was probably due both to lack of material for study and of published distributional data; I offer therefore the following notes, based on the material in the Canadian National Collection, with a view to supplementing Warren's monumental work. The arrangement of species is that of the Monograph.
NATURAL CONTROL OF THE GREY BANDED LEAF ROLLER EULIA MARIANA FERN, IN NOVA SCOTIA ORCHARDS
Authors: Gilliatt F. C.
Published: January 2010

Eulia mariana Fern. was identified in Annapolis Valley orchards about twelve years ago and since has become one of the major orchard pests. Although outbreaks continue to occur, fruit growers should fully appreciate the value of natural control, which in one form or another is always assisting in keeping this insect in check. The various natural control factors may be recorded as follows:

(1) Mortality of pupae. (2) Parasites of larvae and pupae. (3) Parasites of eggs. (4) Predators.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME GENERA AND SPECIES OF LEIODIDAE (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

The following descriptions and notes apply to those North American Leiodidae in which the mesosternum is vertical between the middle coxae and in which the anterior and middle tarsi are five-segmented and the posterior tarsi four-segmented in both sexes.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME GENERA AND SPECIES OF LEIODIDAE (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

Male. Length 2.2 mm. Second and third antennal segments equal in length. Punctures of the pronotum evident, those of the elytral intervals very indistinct. Metasternum very indistinctly alutaceous near the lateral margin; the punctures fine and close at middle except on the impunctate area, a trifle coarser on the sides and there distinct but not deeply impressed, very closely placed, the punctures of the anterior margin like those of the disk. Each abdominal segment finely and closely punctate, without coarser punctures on the basal margin.
THE LAUDABILIS GROUP OF LACINIPOLIA (LEPID., PHALAENIDAE)
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

The speciles of the laudabilis group, formerly included in the Hadenine genus Polia but now placed in the recently erected genus Lacinipolia McD., have always proved more or less of a stumbling block to taxonomists. Variation in the individual species, combined at times with a certain amount of sex-dimorphism, has been partially responsible for the confusion, which of late years has been increased by the addition of certain of Strand's names, based on Hampson's so-called “aberrations,” and other names proposed in a varietal sense by Draudt for Mexican forms in the American Noctuid portion of Seitz' Macrolepidoptera of the World.
A NOTE ON TWO SPECIES OF AMERICAN XYLITAS
Authors: Mank Edith W.
Published: January 2010

In collections of American beetles, we find, at present, only one recognized species of Xylita, namely laevigata, which occurs both in Europe and America. Mr. H. C. Fall recently called to my attention the fact that the specimens so named were not all alike. Upon examination it is found that in many cases two species have been grouped under this head, the true Xylita laevigata Hellenius and another which apparently is identical with the European Xylita livida Sahlbg. An examination and comparison of our form with specimens from abroad show no differences. A series of thirty-four beetles received from Mr. Ralph Hopping all proved to be Xylita livida.
A RACE OF EUPHYDRYAS EDITHA BDV. (LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: Sternitzky R. F.
Published: January 2010

There has been much said, pro and con, on the species known as Euphydryas editha Bdv., and its forms, but it seems that the last word is still unspoken.

For several months I have been working on the problem presented by this group, and it seems that the race found in the San Francisco Bay region has, by oversight, never been recorded. My attention was also drawn to this fact by Dr. McDunnough of Ottawa, to whom must go the credit.
BRACONINAE FROM WASHINGTON STATE
Authors: Shenefelt Roy T.
Published: January 2010

Length 6 mm.; reddish yellow; beak, antennae, ovipositor sheaths, apices of hind tibiae, and posterior tarsi, dark.

Female—Head: face long, rostriform; malar space five-sixths eye height; face in profile slightly impressed in middle; apices of antennal plates forming a low elevation. Slight groove between antennal plates. Lateral ocelli slightly further from each other than from median ocellus. Ocell-ocular line three times the diameter of a lateral ocellus. Margin of frontal impressions well developed, highest opposite middle of median ocellus, continuous to lateral ocelli. Face very sparsely punctate, shining.
DESCRIPTIONS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF BAETINE MAYFLIES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE NYMPHAL STAGES
Authors: Ide F. P.
Published: January 2010

Heterocloeon curiosum McD. (1923)

The reduced median caudal filament of the nymph and the presence of a metathoracic wing in the adult would place this species in the Acentrella subdivision of the genus Baetis. This nymph is one of the commonest in the streams investigated but is confined to the lower, warmer reaches.
SAWFLY BIOLOGIES NO. 2, HEMICHROA CROCEA GEOFFROY
Authors: Hopping Geo. R.
Published: January 2010

In 1932, severe defoliation of alders (Alnus rubra Bong.) in Stanley Park, Vancouver, drew attention to a sawfly, Hemichroa crocea Geoff., which was responsible for the damage. More extensive infestations have occurred during the past six years on alder in the lower Fraser Valley. In Europe, the species has been known for a long time as a defoliator of various species of alder (W. Konow, Chalastogastra, 1901-1905). In 1936, R. Glendenning of Agassiz, B. C. said in a letter that he had found the larvae causing some injury to cultivated filberts.
A NEW SPECIES OF PHILOPTERUS (MALLOPHAGA) FROM THE LONG-BILLED CURLEW
Authors: Wilson F. H.
Published: January 2010

The species description presented is based on specimens taken by E. R. Tinkham from the long-billed curlew (Numenius americanus Wils.) collected at Presidio, Texas, May 26, 1929. The specimens are a part of the University of Minnesota collection which has been loaned to the writer for study and identification during the past few years. I am deeply indebted to Prof. C. E. Mickel for his kindness in regard to the loans from the Minnesota collections.
A NORTH AMERICAN ONCOPODURA (COLLEMBOLA)
Authors: Mills Harlow B.
Published: January 2010

One does not usually associate springtails with snakes. Nevertheless a snake was indirectly responsible for the discovery of the first North American representative of the interesting and peculiar Collembolan genus Oncopodura. In 1932 Professor J. E. Guthrie received a snake from Mr. O. C. Van Hyning of Marianna, Florida, mailed alive in moss. Instead of discarding the moss, Professor Guthrie requested that its Arthropod fauna be extracted.
CADDISWORMS (TRICHOPTERA) AS IDEAL INDICATOR ORGANISMS FOR RESPIRATIONAL STUDIES OF SMALL ANIMALS
Authors: Milne Margery J. , Milne Lorus J.
Published: January 2010

For a number of years, a line has been drawn between animals which merely live in water but obtain atmospheric air for respiration, and those truly aquatic forms which depend upon oxygen removed from solution in the water surrounding them. In making a study of the latter type of organisms, we recently noted that there are two distinct methods of respiration correlated with rate of blood circulation.
THE LAUXANIIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN QUEBEC AND ADJACENT REGIONS
Authors: Shewell G. E.
Published: January 2010

This treatment of the Lauxaniidae occurring in a somewhat limited faunal area is offered as an introduction to a more extensive study of the group which I hope to undertake before very long. It is based on material in a number of private and institutional collections that have been available to me as well as on my own material collected during the last three summers at Abbotsford, Quebec. The list of species at the end of the paper includes all the available data on their distribution in Canada.
NOTES ON SOME ARCTIC COLLEMBOLA
Authors: James H. G.
Published: January 2010

The following notes were made from a study of several species of ArcticCoollembolacollected by Mr. W. J. Brown, of the Division of Entomology, Ottawa. Mr. Brown accompanied the voyage of the Canadian Arctic Patrol during August and September, 1935. During the trip he was able to collect on the southern shore of Baffin Island, and also well within the Arctic Circle as far north as Ellesmere Island.
SOLENOPSIS ROSELLA KENNEDY, A NEW ANT FROM SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Kennedy Clarence Hamilton
Published: January 2010

While on an ant-collecting trip to Pelee Point, Ontario, August 6, 1931, with Dr. Mary Talbot, Miss Mable Schramm and Prof. Merle G. McFadden, the writer found a queen (Coll. No. 526), the first specimen of this new Solenopsis. The striking rose pink color of the gaster was a shade of red we had not found before in any of the ants of this region.
NEW LEPIDOPTERA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

In the course of determination work, largely for Dr. J. Comstock of the Los Angeles Museum, I have received several species of Lepidoptera which appear to be undescribed. I therefore offer descriptions of these in the present paper. Through the courtesy of Dr. Comstock and Mr. Don Meadows the types are deposited in the Canadian National Collection.
A NEW RACE OF PLEBEIUS SCUDDERI FROM CAPE BRETON ISLAND. (LEPID. LYCAENIDAE)
Authors: Freeman T. N.
Published: January 2010

While collecting in the Cape Breton region of Nova Scotia early in July 1936, Dr. J. McDunnough and the writer collected a series of more than one hundred specimens of a P. scudderi form, commonly flying in a sphagnum bog about one and one half miles north of Baddeck on Highway No. 5, and which we thought might possibly be the race aster, described by Edwards from the Cape Race region in southern Newfoundland.
SOME APPARENTLY NEW EUCOSMIDAE (LEPID.)
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

In the course of my studies of the Eucosmids of Nova Scotia I find that there are several species in the spiraeifoliana group which, while very similar in general appearance and maculation, can be readily separated on characters found in the female genitalia and to a lesser extent also in those of the male. Mr. C. Heinrich in his Monograph has figured the female genitalia of spiraeifoliana Heinr. and aemulana Heinr. and these figures, while rather reduced in size, are quite recognizable. Both species occur in southwestern Nova Scotia and along with them are two other species, apparently undescribed. I offer descriptions of these, together with figures of the female genital plates of all four species for the sake of comparison.
NOTES ON SOME PARASITES AND PREDATORS OF BLACKFLIES (SIMULIIDAE, DIPTERA)
Authors: Twinn C. R.
Published: January 2010

In view of the economic importance of blackflies as bloodsucking insects affecting animals and man, and the growing recognition of their actual and potential role as vectors of disease, it has been considered of interest to record the following notes concerning certain of their natural enemies, some of which may prove to be of value in developing biological control measures. These observations were made at various times over a period of several years, in connection with a study of blackflies carried out chiefly in the Ottawa district, the results of which have been published elsewhere.
ENTOMOLOGICAL MEMORIES
Authors: Saunders W. E.
Published: January 2010

Looking back to my earliest entomological recollections, I am struck with the number of noted entomologists that came to London to visit my father. Among the earliest of these was Augustus R. Grote, a rather dapper man of perhaps forty-five years, who visited us on several occasions. Another noted visitor was C. V. Riley who had an official position at Washington.
FURTHER NOTES ON PSYLLIDAE TAKEN IN ALBERTA. (HOMOPTERA)
Authors: Strickland E. H.
Published: January 2010

In 1938 (1) we recorded twenty-eight species of Psyllidae which had been captured in Alberta. Of these, twenty-one were taken, for the first time on record, during the summer of 1937. Although psyllids were far less numerous in 1938 than they had been in 1937, it is now possible to add eleven additional records to the list of species which occur in this province. These include three previously undescribed forms all of which are described by Caldwell in an accompanying article. We are indebted to Mr. Caldwell, also, for the determination of the other species here recorded.
A REVIEW OF THE GENUS SERROPALPUS, (COLEOPTERA, MELANDRYIDAE)
Authors: Mank Edith W.
Published: January 2010

The genus Serropalpus differs from other genera in the tribe Serropalpini in having an almost obliterated suture between the prosternum and the episternum, long slender antennae, and strongly serrate maxillary palpi which have a cultriform terminal segment. It is like Phloeotrya and Dircaea in having a short prosternum before the anterior coxal cavity.
NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF HOMONEURA WULP. (DIPTERA, LAUXANIIDAE)
Authors: Shewell G. E.
Published: January 2010

Representatives of two new species of Homoneura from South Dakata were recently sent to me for description by Mr. George Steyskal of Detroit. Examination of unnamed material in the National Collection showed that these two species were also represented by Canadian material.
A NEW COENONYMPHA RACE FROM NORTHEASTERN NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

While engaged on an Insect Faunal Survey with Mr. W. J. Brown in the northeastern section of New Brunswick, we ran across a very interesting race of Coenonympha inornata on the salt marshes a few miles north of Bathurst. The butterflies were emerging in large numbers during the first week of August, a very late date for Coenonymphas, and were very definitely restricted to the salt meadows or marshes which lie just back of the coast in this region.
A SHORT HISTORY OF THE MONTREAL BRANCH
Authors: Monro H. A. U.
Published: January 2010

One day during the summer of 1873, five ardent entomologists resident in the city of Montreal were separately engaged in collecting specimens of their favourite orders on the woody slopes of Mount Royal, in those days far removed from the city itself. Meeting in the course of their rambles, these amateurs joined together to pursue their hobby, and in this way the formation of a Montreal branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario was discussed and finally arranged.
THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Hopping Geo. R.
Published: January 2010

The Entomological Society of British Columbia was founded January 8th, 1902, by a small but ardent group of entomologists living in the environs of Vancouver and Victoria. The original document of organization came to the writer's hand only a year ago from Mr. W. Downes of Victoria, who in turn received it from Mr. Francis Kermode, Director of the Provincial Museum. It was found among some old papers of the museum.
SOME AMERICAN SPECIES OF LUDIUS (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

American records of virens Shrank as based on specimens of kendalli Kby. which is a well characterized species and not a synonym or variety of virens as stated by some authors. The range of kendalli is transcontinental, and extends from the northern limits of the subartic forests south to Maine, the Lake Superior region, the prairies, and central British Columbia.
NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN UTAH PIPUNCULIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Hardy D. E. , Knowlton G. F.
Published: January 2010

Leafhoppers in Utah frequently are parasitized to an important extent by the maggots of big-eyed flies. The following report deals largely with Pipunculus fiies collected in Utah canyons and apparently parasitizing the meadow and range leafhoppers which usually were abundant wherever the big-eyed flies were found in appreciable numbers. A number of the intermountain representatives of this important dipterous family appear to be undescribed.
TACHYTRECHUS STUDIES (DOLICHOPODIDAE, DIPTERA)
Authors: Harmston F. C. , Knowlton G. F.
Published: January 2010

Male. Length 6.5 mm.; of wing 4.8 mm. Face narrow immediately below antennae, thickly covered with bright golden pollen; proboscis black; palpi dark brown bearing fine black hair and lightly dusted with yellowish pollen; antennae yellow; first joint large with a black stripe along upper outer edge and covered with short, stiff black hairs, second joint small, yellow, third joint small, decumbent, black on apical half; arista black, about one and one-half times length of face, lamella (fig. 4) at tip with an elliptical white spot on upper side near base; front black with bluish reflections, especially along the orbits; ocellar bristles black, hair near proboscis whitish.
A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PTINIDAE OCCURRING IN DWELLINGS AND WAREHOUSES IN CANADA (COLEOPTERA).
Authors: Brown W. J.
Published: January 2010

The following key and descriptive notes have been prepared in an endeavor to lessen the difficulties involved in the identification of the various species of Ptinid beetles that occur, usually as pests of stored products, in dwellings and warehouses in Canada. For a number of years, Mr. H. E. Gray of the Division of Entomology has been collecting these beetles from flour sheds and other types of warehouses throughout Canada. Most of the material on which the key is based was supplied by Mr. Gray, and much of the data on the distribution of several of the species is a result of Mr. Gray's observations.
A NEW SPECIES OF LISTRUS FROM CAJON PASS, CALIFORNIA (COLEOPTERA, MELYRIDAE)
Authors: Blaisdell Frank E.
Published: January 2010

Form parallel-oblong to elongate-subovate, about three times as long as wide. Color black; second antennal segments and protrochanters more or less rufo-testaceous; tarsi and distal two-thirds of tibiae rufous. Luster slightly aeneous and somewhat shining.
EGG DEPOSITS OF A TYPE NOT USUALLY PRODUCED BY MELANOPLUS MEXICANUS MEXICANUS (SAUSS.) IN MANITOBA
Authors: Handford R. H.
Published: January 2010

In Manitoba Melanoplus mexicanus mexicanus (Sauss.) is usually most abundant in areas of light soil. In such areas the bulk of the eggs are, as a rule, widely distributed in either cropped or recently reverted fields. Concentrations of eggs, when they occur, have commonly been confined to ridges of drift soil. During the fall of 1938, however, some of the heaviest concentrations of this species ever recorded for the province were discovered, not in these locations, but in woodland pastures of heavier soils in and near that portion of Lang's Valley occupied by the Pembina River. The oviposition sites, in fact, were so atypical that they resembled egg beds of Camnula pellucida Scud. rather than deposits of mexicanus eggs.
CORRECTION OF A MISUSED GENERIC NAME (LEPIDOPTERA, OLETHREUTIDAE)
Authors: Heinrich Carl
Published: January 2010

In my revision of the North American Eucosminae (Bull. 123. U. S. Nat. Museum, p. 172, 1923) I applied the generic name Exentera Grote to a small group of closely related species including improbana Walker (=cressoniana Clemens) and spoliana Clemens. I did this upon the assumption that, in the main, Fernald and others had correctly identified the Grote species. Although I had gone over the Fernald collection at Amherst, Mass., I did not see the Grote types, and assumed they were in the British Museum and so stated in the revision (p. 174).
THE VALUE OF HAND CONTROL FOR THE TENT CATERPILLARS, MALACOSOMA AMERICANA FABR. AND MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA HBN. (LASIOCAMPIDAE, LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: Sweetman Harvey L.
Published: January 2010

The eastern and forest tent caterpillars are native insects and have been recognized as pests of forest trees and shrubs since colonization of thi country by the early settlers (Swaine, 1913; Baird, 1917; Baerg, 1935; Wadley, 1938). The eastern tent caterpillar becomes conspicuous in the spring about the time the leaves of wild cherry appear and thereafter for about a month.
EUPITHECIA NOTES
Authors: McDunnough J.
Published: January 2010

Through the courtesy and co-operation of the authorities of the United States National Museum, I have recently been enabled to examine material and to make genitalic slides of a few species of North American Eupithecias not hitherto available to me for study. As a result the correct relationships of certain species have been ascertained and in this connection the following notes are offered. Included are also descriptions of several apparently new species.
SOME NEW MYCETOPHILIDAE
Authors: Shaw Frank R.
Published: January 2010

In classifying several collections of Mycetophilidae I have found six species which appear to be new. In addition I wish to report two interesting variations in wing venation which I observed.