bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversidade e Estrutura da Mata de Galeria do Ribeirão do Gama em 2009
Authors: Araujo Roberto Tramontina , Fagg Christopher William , Roitman Iris
Published: June 2016

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a diversidade e a estrutura da comunidade arbórea de uma Mata de Galeria localizada em Brasília-DF no ano de 2009. A coleta dos dados ocorreu em 151 parcelas permanentes (10x20 m), onde foram identificadas 114 espécies distribuídas em 52 famílias e 96 gêneros. A densidade foi de 643 ind.ha-1, a área basal de 31,52 m2/ha e 13 espécies foram frequentes em pelo menos 25% das unidades amostradas. O índice de Shannon foi de 3,91 nats. ind-1 e o índice de Pielou foi de 82%, expressando o bom estado de conservação e a alta diversidade da vegetação. A curva da distribuição dos diâmetros apresentou padrão “J-invertido”.
Modelamiento de distribución de productos cárnicos como un TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) con teoría de grafos
Authors: Gómez-Montoya Rodrigo A. , Zuluaga-Mazo Abdul , Espinosa-Oviedo Jorge E.
Published: June 2016

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo utilizar el TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) junto con teoría de grafos para diseñar estrategias de ruteo en una red distribución, buscando que esta se realice de manera eficiente respecto a la distancia y tiempos utilizados en la atención de los pedidos de los clientes. Adicionalmente, se desarrolla un caso de aplicación de la metodología en una empresa de cárnicos ubicada en la ciudad de Medellín. Como resultado, se obtiene que la utilización de TSP con grafos, permite obtener una ruta con la mínima distancia en la red de distribución, lo que se demuestra en el caso de aplicación.
Responsabilidad social empresarial e innovación: Una mirada desde las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en organizaciones
Authors: Arévalo-Ascanio José Gregorio , Bayona-Trillos Ramón Armando , Rico-Bautista Dewar Willmer
Published: June 2016

Partiendo de la revisión bibliográfica de las revistas de más alto impacto, se muestran los diferentes énfasis y tendencias teóricas de la discusión sobre el componente tecnológico en las organizaciones en los últimos seis años. Los aportes de los autores muestran la evolución de este concepto en su conjunto y su necesidad de incorporarlo para generar innovación tecnológica, mejoramiento en el desempeño organizacional y creación de valor. El contenido y estructura del trabajo es resultado de la dinámica encontrada en torno a tres diferentes propuestas teóricas: Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), la capacidad tecnológica y Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE). La utilidad de este artículo es diversa. En primer lugar, se identificaron interrelaciones a partir de un análisis de las similitudes, diferencias y contraposiciones de los conceptos planteados entre los artículos revisados. Y en segundo lugar, sirve como evidencia de la necesidad apremiante de las organizaciones para que tecnológicamente se apropien de prácticas socialmente responsables que se traduzcan en una verdadera ventaja competitiva.
Apuntes desde la ciencia económica ¿el sujeto racional o el sujeto complejo
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Dustin Tahisin
Published: June 2016

El siguiente artículo  es un breve análisis del imaginario del sujeto racional del discurso hegemónico de la  ciencia económica  actual, en contraposición con el sujeto complejo propuesto por Morin,  como ápice  de una  posible revolución científica denominada   bioeconomía. La metodología  es de tipo documental y exploratoria, en la cual se hace una revisión   de    literatura especializada por medio de matrices. La conclusión más relevante  es que el discurso oficial  de la ciencia económica  del sujeto racional  ha pasado  por alto, que su desmedido afán depredador  de la naturaleza, eventualmente, estimulará  su propia extinción.
Nivel de Síndrome de Burnout en enfermerasdocentes de práctica que laboran en unaUniversidad Privada de Lima
Authors: Carpio Valencia Gladys , Requis Delgado Sonia Jasmin
Published: June 2016

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de Síndrome de Burnout en enfermeras docentes de práctica que laboran en una Universidad Privada de Lima. Materiales y Métodos: Es un estudio cuantitativo de diseño descriptivo y de corte trasversal. La población estuvo conformada por 65 enfermeras (os) docentes de práctica que asistieron a la reunión de inicio de año académico, laboran en la Escuela Académico Profesional de Enfermería de la Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener a tiempo parcial. El instrumento utilizado fue la Escala de Maslach Inventory (MBI). Resultados: Muestran que del total de enfermeras (os) docentes de práctica el 50.8% (33), presenta nivel alto de Síndrome de Burnout, 47.7% (31) nivel medio con tendencia a alto; y 1.5% (1) nivel bajo. Según dimensiones: Agotamiento emocional 81% (53), presenta nivel alto, 14% (9) nivel medio, y 5% (3) nivel bajo. Despersonalización 46 % (30), presenta nivel alto, 40% (26) nivel medio, y 14% (9) nivel bajo. El 63.1 % (41), presenta nivel bajo de falta de realización personal, 33.8% (22) nivel medio, y 3.1% (2) nivel alto. Conclusión: El nivel de Síndrome de Burnout fue alto; encontrándose la dimensión agotamiento emocional y despersonalización con niveles altos y un nivel bajo de realización personal.
VAPD-2D: Simulador para Apoio ao Ensino de Engenharia Ambiental
Authors: Carvalho Carlos Vitor De Alencar , Carvalho Janaina Veiga , Da Silva Júlio César
Published: June 2016

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um software educativo, chamado VAPD-2D para apoio às soluções para problemas da Engenharia Ambiental, mais especificamente de problemas onde o transporte por difusão é predominante. O mecanismo de transporte por difusão tem várias aplicações práticas na Engenharia, destacando os estudos da contaminação do solo e de águas subterrâneas por produtos químicos orgânicos e inorgânicos. Estes estudos envolvem, basicamente, a determinação dos parâmetros físicos e químicos dos contaminantes e a forma como estes se movem, quando dissolvidos na água subterrânea. O VAPD-2D é um simulador numérico de interface bastante simples que permite aos estudantes da Engenharia simular e testar parâmetros para diversos tipos de problemas.
Matemática Financeira no Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Lima Cristiane Bahia , De Sá Ilydio Pereira
Published: June 2016

O presente artigo foi elaborado a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, tendo como objetivo discutir o estudo da Matemática Financeira no Ensino Fundamental. Partiu-se da importância da matemática financeira na formação do cidadão. Em seguida observou-se as aplicações dos recursos tecnológicos em sala de aula dando uma atenção especial para a calculadora. Num outro momento, relacionamos a Matemática Financeira com alguns conteúdos Matemáticos do Ensino Fundamental. Comentamos também sobre a importância do uso de propagandas e noticias de jornal como ferramentas de contextualização e de auxilio para as aulas de matemática.
The Sims: Jogo Computacional como uma Ferramenta Pedagógica na Construção do Conhecimento Matemático
Authors: Fernandes Rúbia Juliana Gomes , Junior Guataçara Dos Santos
Published: June 2016

A presente análise teve como objetivo investigar se o jogo The Sims pode favorecer a aquisição dos conhecimentos matemáticos no processo ensino-aprendizagem das situações-problemas, a partir de momentos em que os jogos computacionais possam envolver os conceitos matemáticos nos anos finais do ensino fundamental. A investigação foi realizada com alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental numa escola da Rede Municipal de Curitiba localizada na região leste da capital, em um bairro considerado o segundo mais violento da cidade. Baseou-se na exploração realizada no laboratório de informática e nas aulas de matemática, apoiando-se na interação, como fio condutor na resolução de problemas em momentos de jogos computacionais. Sob essa ótica, a fundamentação teórica transcorrerá à luz dos estudiosos da vertente interacionista e da Educação Matemática Crítica.
Aproveitamento energético dos resíduos sólidos urbanos do município de Nova Iguaçu-RJ - Uma visão sobre a nova política nacional de resíduos sólidos
Authors: Veneu Diego Macedo , Dos Santos Felipe Sombra , Pinto Vinícius Maciel , Pacheco Jonas Dos Santos , Tavares Rodrigo Da Silva
Published: June 2016

O presente estudo apresenta dois diferentes cenários de aproveitamento energético dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU), para o Município de Nova Iguaçu. O “Cenário I” contempla o ganho energético, proveniente do metano gerado do aterramento de 100% dos RSU, gerado na localidade. Já o “Cenário II” estima o ganho energético com a reciclagem de materiais como papel/papelão, plástico, metal e vidro, que geralmente, são depositados no aterro, e do metano gerado proveniente da fração orgânica do RSU, deste município. A quantidade de energia elétrica gerada do metano proveniente do aterro, mais a energia elétrica conservada levando em conta os índices de Morris proveniente da reciclagem, ambos do Cenário II corresponderam a um ganho energético de 5.633 MWh dia-1, aproximadamente 64%, maior que a quantidade de energia elétrica gerada, somente do metano proveniente do aterro no Cenário I, que corresponde a 2.034 MWh dia-1.
Educação: Direito Fundamental de Todos
Authors: De Paiva Ana Maria Severiano
Published: June 2016

A educação ganha centralidade quando da discussão dos direitos humanos. Ao inserir a reflexão sobre o direito à educação no contexto da luta pelos direitos humanos, busco refletir sobre o processo que, tanto o Estado, quanto os sujeitos sociais devem percorrer, quando da definição de prioridades para as políticas públicas. O texto constitucional de 1988 e a LDB nº. 9394/1996, ao definirem atribuições para o ente da federação e para as instituições escolares, abrem a possibilidade de diferentes locais - Município e Escola - para a constituição e implementação de políticas públicas que garantam o dever do Estado com educação escolar pública, prioritariamente, naquele nível que é considerado direito público subjetivo, efetivado mediante a garantia de acesso ao ensino fundamental.
Arte e Desenvolvimento Municipal
Authors: Peixoto Junior Hélio M. A. , Capute Magda Elaine Sayão , Fernandes Margareth
Published: June 2016

Este artigo pretende discutir uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico de municípios do denominado Vale do Café que possuem menos de 40.000 habitantes e localizam-se, mas não exclusivamente, na região sul fluminense, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. No momento que o Brasil recebe mais indústrias esta região precisa caminhar no sentido oposto ou no mesmo sentido dos países desenvolvidos, qual seja o da produção de ideias. O investimento deve ser nos meios de ideação, que são as universidades, os laboratórios de pesquisa, os bancos de dados, os investimentos em pesquisa tecnológica, em editoras que produzem pesquisa científica, na produção de filmes, música, programas de televisão, produção cultural e entretenimento. Aqui se pretende discutir o caminho da utilização da arte como instrumento de educação não formal, para o desenvolvimento da capacidade criativa dos indivíduos e da união entre os vários agentes dos municípios. Cabendo ao gestor público o papel de mediador e incentivador das mudanças necessárias a esse novo formato de desenvolvimento.
A Representação da Felicidade na Antiguidade: Um Diálogo com a Psicologia Positiva
Authors: Da Rocha Fátima Niemeyer , Gonçalves Silvia Maria Melo , Pereira Carlos Américo Alves
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho visa apresentar, de forma sucinta, algumas considerações a respeito do estudo da felicidade, tecendo correlações entre perspectivas de diversos pensadores da Antiguidade com relação à felicidade e resultados de estudos que vêm sendo desenvolvidos em Psicologia Positiva, no âmbito da Psicologia Social, sobre aspectos psicossociais relativos à felicidade, ao bem-estar subjetivo e à qualidade de vida.
O reinado do Desejado D. Sebastião nas teias da influência filipina: uma análise do cenário político português às vésperas da União Ibérica.
Authors: Medeiros Laureano Gabriel Moreira
Published: June 2016

Sombras de dúvidas pairavam sobre o reino de Portugal após a chegada das trágicas notícias provenientes do norte da África. Aquilo que parecia ser a última grande cruzada cristã liderada pelo jovem rei , transformava-se em dura experiência para o povo lusitano, que depois disso só voltaria a encontrar sua autonomia em 1640. Este presente artigo tem como objetivo tratar do curto reinado de D. Sebastião de Portugal, e investigar as questões políticas, principalmente as negociações de casamento - que visavam conseguir uma esposa para D. Sebastião a fim de que ele assegurasse a linhagem e a integridade da coroa portuguesa frente ao temor de uma possível união com Castela –, e a interferência de Felipe II para o malogro dessas negociações, haja vista se houvesse uma crise sucessória. O mito que surgiu após a morte de D. Sebastião, não é o principal objetivo deste trabalho, e será tratado muito brevemente.
O Professor de matemática frente aos diferentes registros de representações dos números reais
Authors: Lehmann Monique Sequeira
Published: June 2016

O texto apresenta resenha de uma dissertação de mestrado, intitulada "Concepções do professor do ensino médio relativas à densidade do conjunto dos números reais e suas reações frente a procedimentos para a abordagem desta propriedade", naqual são apresentados os objetivos do trabalho, a metodologia da pesquisa e explorados os passos da realização da mesma.
Lithium Aluminosilicate Residue as Raw Material in the Production of Sustainable Concrete Masonry Units: A Brazilian Case
Authors: Borges Paulo H. R. , Santos Flávio A. , Milikic Nina , J. Belieny Jr. Francisco , A. Barsante Christiano
Published: June 2016

Spodumene (LiAlSi2O6) is a natural occurring mineral which is processed to produce lithium carbonate (LiCO3) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH), both used for several industrial and medical applications. The processing of spodumede generates a lithium aluminosilicate residue with no commercial value in Brazil, which is therefore landfilled. This paper studied the effect of the partial replacement of Portland cement (PC) in the production of sustainable concrete masonry units (CMU) for construction. The residue was thoroughly characterized and its interaction with PC was also assessed. Several mixes of CMU were manufactured and compared with a reference mix (without residue). Results indicated that the lithium aluminosilicate is highly reactive and may replace PC in the concrete formulations.
Branding e Discurso nas Organizações
Authors: Araújo Marcelo Marques
Published: June 2016

Gerenciar marcas é gerenciar diferenças, não como elas estão nos planos de comunicação, mas como elas aparecem na mente das pessoas. Marcas que emocionam tornam-se imprescindíveis e ocupam lugar na vida dos consumidores espontaneamente. Algumas marcas possuem funcionalidades, sensações, relações simbólicas e atitude - elementos de uma natureza discursiva. Marcas relevantes geram inovação e diferenciam-se pelo simples fato de convencerem de forma mais eficiente. Este artigo apresenta duas metodologias de posicionamento de marca: positioning guide (guia de posicionamento) e construção da marca. Além disso, também propõe a interface branding e discurso, o que para muitos estudiosos de branding e comunicação pode tornar-se uma fonte inovadora dos estudos sobre branding. Afinal, o branding de uma marca exige a presença de sujeitos consumidores e compreender a constitutividade deles é essencial. Além dos sujeitos, há discursos que materializam ideias e sentidos sinalizando para os desejos. Nossa hipótese sugere que há uma rede discursiva complexa perpassando as marcas e ancorando sentidos que apagam, silenciam, denegam, ressignificam, constroem desejos, necessidades, identidades e diferenciais. Ao final do artigo, propomos uma análise de branding e discurso da maior marca educacional do país, com base nas categorias desenvolvidas no artigo. Este trabalho fundamenta-se teoricamente em AAKER (2015); HILLER (2012); NEUMEIER (2008) entre outros, no que se sustentam os conceitos de branding; e em PÊCHEUX (1990, 2008); ORLANDI (2001); ARAÚJO (2011) entre outros, no que se sustentam os conceitos vinculados ao discurso.
Metallothionein - A potential biomarker to assess the metal contamination in marine fishes
Authors: Hemmadi Vijay
Published: June 2016

In this review, the fish Metallothionein (MT) is broadly discussed in relation to their utilization as a biomarker to assess the heavy metal contamination in marine ecosystem. Heavy metals are the main marine pollutants whose bioaccumulation in fishes results in deleterious effects on physiology, biochemistry and behavior. To assess the health status of fishes, an early determination of metal levels along with a biomarker like MT will help us to understand the bioavailability and toxicity of the metals. MTs constitute a family of low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich proteins functioning in the regulation of essential metals and detoxification of both essential and nonessential metals.  Since 1980, MT has been the useful tool for toxicity assessment of metals before sub lethal and lethal damage to organisms because of quick induction of MTs as metals enter the tissue. Various studies conducted on the induction, regulation and estimation of the MT by the metals showed that many variables such as sexual maturity, age, tissue type, metal type, route of exposure, changes in the environmental conditions of the living habitat of the organisms under study and presence of exogenous and endogenous substances do create fluctuations in the level of MT. Keeping in view of the above factors, this review attempts to understand the effectiveness of this biomarker in assessing the health status of the fishes.
A Survey on Tick Infestation in Domestic Birds Sold at Gwagwalada Market, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria.
Authors: O. Ayoh Stephen , A* Olanrewaju Comfort
Published: June 2016

Ticks transmit a greater variety of pathogenic micro-organisms than any other arthropod vector group, and are among the most important vectors of diseases affecting animals. A survey on the prevalence of tick species infesting domestic birds sold in Gwagwalada main market, Abuja between April and July, 2015. A total of 450 birds were examined by feather separation with fingers and a pair of forceps to expose the skin of the birds for presence of the ticks. An overall prevalence of 25.6% was observed. Out of the 150 domestic fowls examined 62(53.9%) were infested, 44(29.3%) of the 150 Guinea fowl and 9(6.0%) of the 150 Pigeons were infested. Of all the ticks identified, 93(51.4%) were from the Domestic Fowls and 77(42.5%) from the Guinea fowl and 11(6.0%) from Pigeon. Thirty (32.3%) of the ticks from the Domestic fowls were Argas persicus, 25(26.9%) Argas walkerae, 20 (21.5%) Ornithodorus moubata and 18(19.4%) Ornithodorus savignyi. Similarly, 34(44.2%) of the ticks from Guinea fowl were A. walkerae, 20(28.2%) O. moubataand 23(32.4%) O. savignyi. Five (45.5%) of the ticks from Pigeon were A. persicus, 4 (36.4%) were A. walkerae, 2 (18.2%) were O. moubata and no O. savignyi. Observation on the location of tick from the hosts body showed highest prevalence was found under the wings (55.2%) and lowest on the head & neck (5.00%). The result of this research revealed that Gwagwalada market poultry section is endemic of tick infestation. Chemical control with acaricides and improved management and sanitation of the poultry cages in the market should be enforced.
Some aspects of the reproductive physiology of the Flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Benghazi coast, eastern Libya.
Authors: El-Mor Mohammad , Moftah Souad A. M. , Abdalafid* Yousef K. A. , Abdulnabi Bulkasim M.
Published: June 2016

The reproductive physiology of 530 specimens of Mugil cephalus (Family: Mugilidae) were collected from catches by gill and trammel nets operating on Benghazi coast on Mediterranean Sea - Libya  was studied, there were monthly variations in sex ratio and a tendency for females (298 fish = 56.2%) than males (232 fish = 43.8%) for the whole population, Overall sex ratio was (1 : 1.28) for males to females respectively, First maturation size was determined for females L50  = 34.1 cm and for males L50  = 32.3 cm, All individuals have definite breeding season which extends from July to October, An increase in Oocyte diameters was evident in July (489 µ ± 5.34), and this increase continued in the following months till October (599 µ ± 11.04), the absolute fecundity ranged from 578981 to 2598022 for fish total length ranging from 19.5 to 47.4 cm, whereas relative fecundity ranged from 29036 to 57352 / cm.
Aquaporin 3 (AQP-3) modulatory effects of an herbal formulated cream in the management of skin psoriasis
Authors: R.* Harsha M. , Mishra Baidyanath , S. Chaithra C. , Ramana Vivekananda
Published: June 2016

Aquaporins form a large family of integral, transmembrane water channel proteins that mainly function in transporting water over cellular membranes. Amongst aquaporins, aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) is the predominant skin aquaporin which is localised in the basal layer keratinocytes of epidermis in normal skin, and is found to be important in maintaining balanced skin hydration. In addition, several clinical studies have demonstrated reduced AQP-3 expression in cases of psoriasis, suggesting a strong relationship between AQP-3 expression levels and skin hydration/epidermal water loss in psoriatic skin. In scope of this, the potential to manipulate AQP-3 levels by skin care products designed to address psoriatic skin problems gains pharmaceutical attraction. Therefore, we examined the effects of InnoVision’s Psoriderm cream on AQP-3 expression in keratinocytic cell culture model in vitro. AQP-3 expression was found to be significantly increased upon treating keratinocytes with the study material. Test substance at concentrations, 350 and 700 µg/mL increased AQP-3 mRNA levels by 0.03 and 0.07 folds, compared to untreated control cells. In summary, it could be illustrated that using InnoVision’s Psoriderm in psoriasis care can up regulate AQP-3 expression in psoriatic skin, and thus may play a functional in bettering skin conditions in psoriatic skin lesions.
Biochemical Composition and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Some Mixtures
Authors: Vasileva Viliana , Ilieva Anna
Published: June 2016

In pot trial the biochemical composition and phosphorus use efficiency of birdsfoot trefoil, sainfoin and subterranean clover grown pure and in mixtures with perennial ryegrass in the next ratios were studied in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria: birdsfoot trefoil + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); sainfoin + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); birdsfoot trefoil + subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (33:33:33%); sainfoin + subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (33:33:33%). The highest crude protein content was found in the aboveground mass of birdsfoot trefoil (19.17%) and sainfoin (19.30%). The water soluble sugars contents in mixtures was found higher compared to the pure grown legumes. Birdsfoot trefoil showed the highest phosphorus use efficiency for plant biomass accumulation and nodules formation. In mixtures the phosphorus use efficiency was found be higher as compared to the same in pure grown legumes.
COMPARISON OF ASTIGMATIC OUTCOMES AFTER PHACOEMULSIFICATION WITH SUPERIOR, TEMPORAL OR OBLIQUE CLEAR CORNEAL INCISIONS: A RANDOMIZED PROSPECTIVE TRIAL
Authors: Chopra Kapil , Mehrotra Neelima , Agarwal Akhil , Ram Arvind , Sharma B. D. , Singh Sudeep
Published: June 2016

Introduction : A variety of modalities are available presently to deal with astigmatism in relation to phacoemulsification surgery. Of these, toric intraocular lenses are expensive, limbal Paper Submission Daterelaxing incisions are unpredictable and both of these cater to a limited dioptric range and type of astigmatism. Simply planning the incision according to pre-existing corneal astigmatism is an economical and rationale way of addressing this issue. To compare residual post operative astigmatism after phacoemulsification with foldable IOLsimplantation with different sites of clear corneal incision in patients with pre-existing astigmatism.
Material and Methods: Study was done to evaluate residual corneal astigmatism after July 2016 phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation from Jan 13 to May 14. A total of 90 eyes of 85 patients were selected having visually significant cataract. Incision was planned on steeper axis on basis of preoperative keratometric values and divided into 3 groups namely, WTR who received superior clear corneal incision (CCI),ATR who received temporal and OBQ received superotemporal or superonasal CCI respectively. Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was also calculated by SIA calculator using vector method. Statistical analysis used is Kruskal Wallis test, Chi-square test, F-test.
Results: Residual corneal astigmatism among the three groups was found to be nonsignificant. Comparison of mean preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism between 3 groups came out be statistically significant.
Conclusion: Study concludes that preoperative astigmatism should always be assessed and addressed peroperatively by suitable incision sites to provide best results.
Optimization for energy consumption in drying section of fluting paper machine
Authors: Ghodbanan Shaaban , Alizadeh Reza , Shafiei Sirous
Published: June 2016

Non-linear programming optimization method was used to optimize total steam and air consumption in the dryer section of multi-cylinder fluting paper machine. Equality constraints of the optimization model were obtained from specified process blocks considering mass and energy balance relationships in drying and heat recovery sections. Inequality constraints correspond to process parameters such as production capacity, operating conditions, and other limitations. Using the simulation, the process parameters can be optimized to improve the energy efficiency and heat recovery performance. For a corrugating machine, optimized parameters show the total steam use can be reduced by about 11% due to improvement of the heat recovery performance and optimization of the operating conditions such as inlet web dryness, evaporation rate, and exhaust air humidity, accordingly total steam consumption can be decreased from about 1.71 to 1.53 tonnes steam per tonne paper production. The humidity of the exhaust air should be kept as high as possible to optimize the energy performance and avoid condensation in the pocket dryers and hood exhaust air. So the simulation shows the supply air should be increased by about 10% to achieve optimal humidity level which was determined about 0.152 kgH2O/(kg dry air).
Pyrolysis as a key process in biomass combustion and thermochemical conversion
Authors: Gvero Petar , Papuga Sasa , Mujanic Indir , Vaskovic Srdjan
Published: June 2016

Biomass is a fuel with a highly volatile content and due to that, pyrolysis
as a part of the combustion process, has a dominant role in the overall
process development, as well as on final products and the process efficiency.
It is of key importance to investigate the influence of the process
parameters; as temperature, furnace/reactor environment, fuel properties,
type, particle size, geometry, and the structure of the pyrolysis process has
an influence regards the design of the combustion/pyrolysis equipment and the
final products of the processes. This paper gives some results of the
investigation?s related to this problem, mainly focussing on wooden biomass
as the most important biomass type, as well as a comparison with relevant
documented literature. Besides that, pyrolysis based technologies are one of
the key directions in synthetic fuels production based on biomass. Biomass
pyrolysis process parameters are crucial in reactor design as well as the
quantity and quality of the final products. This paper provides discussion
dedicated to this aspect with a focus on slow pyrolysis, targeting charcoal
as the key product, and fast pyrolysis, targeting synthetic gas as the key
product.
Geothermal heat potential - the source for heating greenhouses in Southestern Europe
Authors: Urbancl Danijela , Trop Peter , Goricanec Darko
Published: June 2016

The paper presents economically evaluated solutions for heating greenhouses
with geothermal potential, if the same greenhouse is placed in two different
locations in Southeastern Europe, one in Slovenia and the other in Serbia.
The direct geothermal water exploitation using heat exchangers is presented
and the remaining heat potential of already used geothermal water is
exploited using high temperature heat pumps. Energy demands for heating
greenhouses are calculated considering climatic parameters of both locations.
Furthermore, different constructions materials are taken into account, and
energy demands are evaluated if the same greenhouse is made of 4 mm toughened
single glass, double insulated glass or polycarbonate plates. The results
show that the geothermal energy usage is economically feasible in both
locations, because payback periods are in range from two to almost eight
years for different scenarios.
Linear correlation and regression between the meteorological data and the electricity demand of the Dubrovnik region in a short-term scale
Authors: Falkoni Anamarija , Krajacic Goran
Published: June 2016

Intermitted patterns of solar and wind generation cause insecurity in the
power system supply since they depend on weather conditions. The aim of this
work is to perform linear regression and correlation between solar radiation,
wind speed, air temperature and electricity demand of the Dubrovnik region.
Gained results could help in system energy planning with a high share of
renewable energy sources in the electricity production. All of the data are
collected for consecutive three year period, years 2012, 2013 and 2014, in
the 10 minute time step. Results of the correlation of each of the parameters
individually in between the years show slightly variations between the
distributions, providing representative line-ar relation in between the years
for all the data, except the wind speed data. Cor-relations are also done
between all of the parameters for each year separately, based on the mean
monthly values. Result showed good relation with negative correlation between
solar radiation and wind speed, as well as good relation with positive
correlation between solar radiation and electricity demand. The same
correlations are done in the 10 minute time step and including time system
delay. The results indicate significant decrease in correlation coefficient
value and it is less possible that they can be pronounced with linear
regression line. Calculations of the correlation and regression, based on the
10 minute time step for summer and winter period separately, gained slightly
better results in relation between parameters than the ones including the
whole year data.
Functional Nanopores: A Solid-state Concept for Artificial Reaction Compartments and Molecular Factories
Authors: Puebla-Hellmann Gabriel , Mayor Marcel , Lörtscher Emanuel
Published: June 2016

On the road towards the long-term goal of the NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering to create artificial molecular factories, we aim at introducing a compartmentalization strategy based on solid-state silicon technology targeting zeptoliter reaction volumes and simultaneous electrical
contact to ensembles of well-oriented molecules. This approach allows the probing of molecular building blocks under a controlled environment prior to their use in a complex molecular factory. Furthermore, these ultra-sensitive electrical conductance measurements allow molecular responses
to a variety of external triggers to be used as sensing and feedback mechanisms. So far, we demonstrate the proof-of-concept by electrically contacting self-assembled mono-layers of alkane-dithiols as an established test system. Here, the molecular films are laterally constrained by a circular
dielectric confinement, forming a so-called 'nanopore'. Device yields above 85% are consistently achieved down to sub-50 nm nanopore diameters. This generic platform will be extended to create distributed, cascaded reactors with individually addressable reaction sites, including interconnecting
micro-fluidic channels for electrochemical communication among nanopores and sensing sites for reaction control and feedback. In this scientific outlook, we will sketch how such a solid-state nanopore concept can be used to study various aspects of molecular compounds tailored for operation
in a molecular factory.
Understanding tradeoffs between food and predation risks in a specialist mammalian herbivore
Authors: Utz Jamie L. , Shipley Lisa A. , Rachlow Janet L. , Johnstone‐Yellin Tamara , Camp Meghan , Forbey Jennifer Sorensen
Published: June 2016

Understanding habitat use by animals requires understanding the simultaneous tradeoffs between food and predation risk within a landscape. Quantifying the synergy between patches that provide quality food and those that are safe from predators at a scale relevant to a foraging animal could better reveal the parameters that influence habitat selection. To understand more thoroughly how animals select habitat components, we investigated tradeoffs between diet quality and predation risk in a species endemic to sagebrush Artemisia spp. communities in North America, the pygmy rabbit Brachylagus idahoensis. This species is a rare example of a specialist herbivore that relies almost entirely on sagebrush for food and cover. We hypothesized that pygmy rabbits would forage in areas with low food risk (free of plant secondary metabolites, PSMs) and low predation risk (high concealment). However, because of relatively high tolerance to PSMs in sagebrush by pygmy rabbits, we hypothesized that they would trade off the risk of PSM‐containing food to select lower predation risk when risks co‐occurred. We compared food intake of pygmy rabbits during three double‐choice trials designed to examine tradeoffs by offering animals two levels of food risk (1,8‐cineole, a PSM) and predation risk (concealment cover). Rabbits ate more food at feeding stations with PSM‐free food and high concealment cover. However, interactions between PSMs and cover suggested that the value of PSM‐free food could be reduced if concealment is low and the value of high concealment can decrease if food contains PSMs. Furthermore, foraging decisions by individual rabbits suggested variation in tolerance of food or predation risks.
Estimating age and age class of harvested hog deer from eye lens mass using frequentist and Bayesian methods
Authors: Forsyth David M. , Garel Mathieu , McLeod Steve R.
Published: June 2016

Estimation of the age or age class of harvested animals is often necessary to interpret the condition and dynamics of wildlife populations. The mammalian eye lens continues to grow until death and hence the dry mass of the eye lens has commonly been used to estimate the age of mammals. The method requires the relationship between eye lens mass and age to be parameterized using individuals of known age. However, predicting age is complicated by the curvilinear relationship between eye lens mass and age. We used frequentist and Bayesian methods to predict the ages and age classes of harvested hog deer Axis porcinus from eye lens mass. Deer were tagged as calves and harvested 4–177 months later in southeastern Australia. Lenses were extracted, fixed and oven‐dried. Of the five growth models evaluated, the Lord model best described the relationship between age and eye lens dry mass (R2 = 95%). The precision of age predictions obtained using the Lord model in a Bayesian mode of inference decreased with increasing eye lens dry mass, with the size of the 95% CI equaling or exceeding predicted age for hog deer > 6 years. However, most predictions of hog deer age will have reasonable precision because few animals > 6 years are harvested. Linear discriminant analysis had high predictive power for classifying hog deer to four widely‐used age classes (juvenile, yearling, prime‐age and senescent). The Bayesian method is recommended for inverse non‐linear prediction of age and the frequentist linear discriminant analysis method is recommended for estimating age class. We provide tables of correspondence between hog deer eye lens dry mass and predicted age and age class. Our statistical methods can be used to estimate age and age class for other mammalian species, including from other ageing techniques such as tooth eruption‐wear criteria.
Sediment and State in Imperial China: The Yellow River Watershed as an Earth System and a World System
Authors: Mostern Ruth
Published: June 2016

China’s Yellow River is the most sediment laden water course in the world today, but that came to be the case only about a thousand years ago. It is largely the result of agriculture and deforestation on the fragile environment of the loess plateau in the middle reaches of the watershed. This article demonstrates that the long term environmental degradation of the Yellow River was primarily anthropogenic, and furthermore, it explains how the spatial organization of state power in imperial China amplified the likelihood and consequences of landscape change.
The Nature-Culture Trap: A Critique of Late 20th Century Global Paradigms of Environmental Change in Africa and Beyond
Authors: Kreike Emmanuel
Published: June 2016

During the late 20th century, the modernization, the declinist, and the inclinist paradigms dominated how environmental change was conceptualized, analyzed, and described. Each paradigm was treated as being exclusive, global and universal in scope. Although the paradigms differed in how they evaluated the direction and outcome of environmental change, a characteristic they had in common was that they framed change in a unilinear Nature-to-Culture fashion and homogenized the agency, process, and outcome of environmental change. A more open-ended approach that is not based on
a priori
environmental unilinear trends (e.g., deforestation or reforestation) yields a more nuanced understanding of environmental change. Such an approach requires disaggregating the objects and subjects of environmental changes as well as differentiating the process itself, allowing for the identification of multiple (sub-)processes and multiple trajectories of change.
Japan’s Eco-Towns And Innovation Clusters - Synergy Towards Sustainability
Authors: Higuchi Kazukiyo , Norton Michael G.
Published: June 2016

There are substantial differences in resource productivity between countries. This suggests that the global environmental impact of economic activities could be reduced if appropriate policies were applied more widely. Japan has one of the most eco-efficient economies in the world. The present paper looks at the history of two central policy measures designed to stimulate the emergence of a more sustainable industrial base. One of these (Eco-town) focuses on creating concentrations of industry designed to use societal wastes and industrial by-products as sources of products and raw materials. The other (industrial clusters) encourages innovation and the creation of new businesses focused on environmental protection. The results are now showing that investment - both in recycling technology and facilities, and in organisational structures supporting a more recycling-oriented economy - promises to establish viable industries with significant contributions to local economies. The international relevance of Japan’s experience is also considered.
The Effect of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict on the Water Resources of the Jordan River Basin
Authors: Ferragina Eugenia
Published: June 2016

The article analyses the interaction between security and environment in the Mediterranean, focusing on the paradigmatic example of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict over water resources in the Jordan River basin. Control of water can hardly be considered the main cause of conflict between Israel and Palestine, but it certainly has increased the potential for conflict and had a long-term negative effect on the environment. The article starts with an historical reconstruction of the main attempts to reach a cooperative solution to water management in the Jordan River basin. These attempts failed as a consequence of the emergence of a zero-sum game between the co-riparian countries of the basin. The lack of cooperation has had a heavy impact on water quantity and quality. Two third of the deep wells in the centre of Israel are polluted, partly due to the infiltration of untreated wastewater from West Bank sites. The level of the coastal aquifer has fallen and sea water has penetrated it. As a consequence, much of the population of the Gaza Strip now has access only to brackish water that does not meet the WHO standard for drinking water. The 1995 Oslo Interim Agreement recognised the water rights of Palestinians and the need to share water resources. Its aftermath witnessed new cooperative efforts involving offi cials, experts and people of both sides. The so-called “Second Intifada”, however, blocked cooperation in many sectors and provoked large-scale damage to the water infrastructure. The violent outbreaks of October 2000 had a serious impact on the wells, the water infrastructure and the wastewater disposal system. Reportedly, the Israeli deliberately filled up wells in Gaza as retaliation against the Palestinian attack on Israeli settlements, did not allow the Palestinians to buy spare parts for pumps, and kept water tankers from reaching the Palestinian villages. The Israeli authorities did not directly plan these acts of vandalism - they are mainly the consequences of an escalation of violence among the settlers - but were responsible for not taking action to prevent them and forbidding the use water as a weapon against Palestinians. The separation barrier Israeli has been building since 2002 does not follow the Green Line, but creates a de facto annexation of 16% of the West Bank. The wall keeps people on either side of the Wall separated from their land, water resources and socialties.
What is Global Environmental History? Conversation with Piero Bevilacqua, Guillermo Castro, Ranjan Chakrabarti, Kobus du Pisani, John R. McNeill and Donald Worster
Authors: Corona Gabriella
Published: June 2016

The telematic debate on the theme “Global History and Global Policies” has provided historians from different historiographic traditions and distant countries – Piero Bevilacqua, Guillermo Castro, Ranjan Chakrabarti, Gabriella Corona, Kobus du Pisani, John McNeill, Donald Worster – with an opportunity to compare views on the different interpretive paradigms of global environmental history. A wide range of subjects was covered: the definition of the discipline’s field of research, themes, and chronological scope; the relationship between global and local; the role of the West in history and historiography; the perspective of the dominated; the discipline’s role in policy making; and its relationship with the natural sciences. The discussion has yielded a rich harvest of reflections on global environmental history as a paradigm for the interpretation of the past and a cultural and political instrument for action in the present. Important indications have emerged as regards the research paths a global environmental historian can follow to contribute to this field of studies.
Sustaining Soil fertility: Agricultural Practice in the Old and New Worlds
Authors: Cunfer Geoff , Krausmann Fridolin
Published: June 2016

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, tens of millions of Europeans migrated to the Americas. Many traded rural lives for industrial jobs in growing cities, while a significant number travelled west to make farms on the Great Plains. Using case studies from Austria and Kansas, this paper compares the socioecological structures of the agricultural communities immigrants left to those that they found and created on the other side of the Atlantic. It employs material and energy flow accounting (MEFA) methods to examine the social metabolic similarities and differences between Old World and New World farm systems at either end of the migration chain. Nine indicators reveal significant differences in land use strategy, labor deployment, and the role of livestock. Indicators include population density, average farm size, land availability, grain yield, area productivity, labor productivity, marketable crop production, livestock density, and nitrogen return to cropland. Whereas Old World farms had abundant human and animal labor and a shortage of land, Great Plains farms had excess land and a shortage of labor and livestock. Austrian farmers returned over 90% of extracted nitrogen to cropland, thus sustaining soils over many generations, but they produced little marketable crop surplus. A key difference was livestock density. Old World communities kept more animals than they needed for food and labor, primarily to supply manure that maintained cropland fertility. Great Plains farmers used few animals to exploit rich grassland soils, returning less than half of the nitrogen they extracted each year. Farmers depleted soil fertility over six decades, relying on a stockpiled endowment of nitrogen. They produced stupendous surpluses for market export, but watched crop yields decline steadily between 1880 and 1940. Austrian immigrants to Kansas in the late nineteenth century found that their return on labor could increase by 20 times over what they were used to. But by the early twentieth century Austrian productivity had increased while in Kansas it dropped steadily lower. Both farm systems were efficient in their own way, one producing long-term stability, the other remarkable commercial exports. Kansas farmers faced a soil nutrient crisis by the 1940s, one that was solved in the second half of the twentieth century by the massive importation of fossil fuels. Austrian and Great Plains agriculture converged thereafter, with dramatically increased productivity based on oil, diesel fuel, petroleum-based pesticides, and synthetic nitrogen fertilizers manufactured from natural gas.
Socio-Ecological Transformation from Rural into a Residential landscape in the Matadepera Village (Barcelona Metropolitan Region), 1956-2008
Authors: Estany Gemma , Badia Anna , Otero Iago , Boada Martí
Published: June 2016

Mediterranean countries are experiencing the fastest rates of urban sprawl in Europe, and concern about potential negative environmental effects is increasing. This expansion is occurring in a context of declining rural activities, where highly diverse cultural landscapes are giving way to homogenous low-density housing developments and entirely new forms of human-nature relations. In the present study we offer an analysis of the socio-ecological transformation of Matadepera, a wealthy suburb of metropolitan Barcelona that evolved out of a rural village inhabited by poor peasants who farmed rain-fed cropland and managed the forest. By cross-checking data from land-cover maps, documentary sources and semi-structured interviews with elderly local peasants, we managed to gain a detailed understanding of the driving forces behind land cover transformation and give voice to perceptions of landscape change among a quite neglected social group. Our results indicate dramatic urban sprawl onto former fields and woods over the last decades, driven by a combination of different factors. They also show that oral sources can yield information on landscape changes not available from any other kind of source. Moreover, by recovering valuable and so far neglected personal memories we hope to provide further stimulus to policy actions aimed at charting a more balanced development path for the area.