bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physically Acceptable Embedded Class-I Compact Stars in Modified Gravity with Karmarkar Condition
Authors: Waheed Saira , Mustafa Ghulam , Zubair Muhammad , Ashraf Asifa
Published: June 2020

The present study is devoted to explore the existence of a new family of compact star solutions by adopting the Karmarkar as well as Pandey–Sharma condition in the background of f ( R , T ) modified gravitational framework. For this purpose, we consider static spherically symmetric spacetime with anisotropic fluid distribution in absence of electric charge. In respect of Karmarkar condition, we assume a specific model of g r r metric potential representing a new family of solutions which is also compatible with the Pandey–Sharma condition. This assumed model permits us to calculate the g t t component of metric tensor by making the use of Karmarkar condition. Further, we investigate the interior solutions for V e l a X − 1 model of compact star by utilizing this new family of solutions for different values of parameter λ . We have tuned the solution for V e l a X − 1 so that the solutions matches the observed mass and radius. For the same star we have extensively discussed the behavior of the solutions. It is found that these solutions fulfill all the necessary conditions under the observational radii and mass attribute data for small values of parameter λ and hence physically well-behaved and promising. Through graphical analysis, it is observed that our obtained analytical solutions are physically acceptable with a best degree of accuracy for n ∈ [ 1.8 , 7 ) − { 2 , 4 , 6 } , where parameter n is involved in the discussed model. It is also noticed the causality condition is violated for all n ≥ 7 and the tangential sound velocity v t is observed as complex valued for all 0 < n < 1.8 . Likewise, we explore these properties by considering large parameter λ values. It is seen that the presented model violates all the physical conditions for n ∈ { 2 , 4 , 6 } , while some of these for large values of λ . Consequently, it can be concluded that the parameters n and λ have a strong impact on the obtained solutions.
The Cadherin Protein Is Not Involved in Susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa Toxins in Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Jin Minghui , Yang Yanchao , Liu Leilei , Yang Yongbo , Gómez Isabel , Bravo Alejandra , Soberón Mario , Xiao Yutao , Liu Kaiyu
Published: June 2020

It is well known that insect larval midgut cadherin protein serves as a receptor of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal Cry1Ac or Cry1Ab toxins, since structural mutations and downregulation of cad gene expression are linked with resistance to Cry1Ac toxin in several lepidopteran insects. However, the role of Spodoptera frugiperda cadherin protein (SfCad) in the mode of action of Bt toxins remains elusive. Here, we investigated whether SfCad is involved in susceptibility to Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa toxins. In vivo, knockout of the SfCad gene by CRISPR/Cas 9 did not increase tolerance to either of these toxins in S. frugiperda larvae. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that cultured insect TnHi5 cells expressing GFP-tagged SfCad did not increase susceptibility to activated Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa toxins. In contrast, expression of another well recognized Cry1A receptor in this cell line, the ABCC2 transporter, increased the toxicity of both Cry1Ab and Cry1Fa toxins, suggesting that SfABCC2 functions as a receptor of these toxins. Finally, we showed that the toxin-binding region of SfCad did not bind to activated Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, nor Cry1Fa. All these results support that SfCad is not involved in the mode of action of Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa toxins in S. frugiperda.
Optimization of Culture Protocols to Isolate Leptospira spp. from Environmental Water, Field Investigation, and Identification of Factors Associated with the Presence of Leptospira spp. in the Environment
Authors: Narkkul Udomsak , Thaipadungpanit Janjira , Srilohasin Prapaporn , Singkhaimuk Preeraya , Thongdee Metawee , Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan Somjit , Krairojananan Panadda , Pan-ngum Wirichada
Published: June 2020

The successful culture of Leptospira spp. from the environment is challenging. Here, we optimized the isolation of Leptospira spp. from water samples spiked with different species and initial concentrations of this organism. The time periods between water sampling and the isolation process were varied (0, 2, and 4 weeks). Bacterial cultures were observed under a microscope, and cultures were graded for cell density, weekly, for 12 weeks. Most pathogenic Leptospira spp. were difficult to culture under all conditions. All conditions of water samples spiked with novel species of Leptospira subclade P1 were culture positive within 2 weeks. For Leptospira subclade P2, storing samples for 2 weeks prior to isolation resulted in more successful isolation compared with isolation after other storage conditions. For subclade S1, all samples with initial bacterial concentrations of more than 103 colonies/mL, under all storage conditions, were successfully cultured. These results suggest that storing contaminated water samples for 2 to 4 weeks in the dark at an ambient temperature prior to culturing can improve the isolation of Leptospira spp. from the samples. We implemented this protocol and collected water samples from natural sources accessed by both humans and animals. Leptospira spp. was identified in 32% (35/109) of water samples. The animal species using a water source influenced the likelihood of water samples being contaminated with Leptospira spp. Cultures of Leptospira spp. from environmental samples can provide useful information for understanding the complex interactions between humans, animals and the environment in the transmission of leptospirosis.
Evaluation of Rapid Extraction Methods Coupled with a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Point-of-Need Diagnosis of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
Authors: Chowdhury Rajashree , Ghosh Prakash , Khan Md. Anik Ashfaq , Hossain Faria , Faisal Khaledul , Nath Rupen , Baker James , Wahed Ahmed Abd El , Maruf Shomik , Nath Proggananda , Ghosh Debashis , Masud-Ur-Rashid Md. , Utba Bin Rashid Md. , Duthie Malcolm S. , Mondal Dinesh
Published: June 2020

To detect Post-kala-azar leishmaniasis (PKDL) cases, several molecular methods with promising diagnostic efficacy have been developed that involve complicated and expensive DNA extraction methods, thus limiting their application in resource-poor settings. As an alternative, we evaluated two rapid DNA extraction methods and determined their impact on the detection of the parasite DNA using our newly developed recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay. Skin samples were collected from suspected PKDL cases following their diagnosis through national guidelines. The extracted DNA from three skin biopsy samples using three different extraction methods was subjected to RPA and qPCR. The qPCR and RPA assays exhibited highest sensitivities when reference DNA extraction method using Qiagen (Q) kit was followed. In contrast, the sensitivity of the RPA assay dropped to 76.7% and 63.3%, respectively, when the boil & spin (B&S) and SpeedXtract (SE) rapid extraction methods were performed. Despite this compromised sensitivity, the B&S-RPA technique yielded an excellent agreement with both Q-qPCR (k = 0.828) and Q-RPA (k = 0.831) techniques. As expected, the reference DNA extraction method was found to be superior in terms of diagnostic efficacy. Finally, to apply the rapid DNA extraction methods in resource-constrained settings, further methodological refinement is warranted to improve DNA yield and purity through rigorous experiments.
Performance of an Automated Zika IgG Immunoassay in the Detection of Zika IgG Specific Antibodies—A Validation Approach in Samples from Prevalence Areas and Non-Endemic Countries
Authors: Laengin Tina , Augenstein Stephanie , Stadlbauer Elke , Girgnhuber Heike , Gloeck Mario , Riedel Alexander
Published: June 2020

The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is complicated and includes testing for nucleic acids and IgM and IgG antibodies, depending on the stage of infection. Zika IgG is an important marker of infection after the acute stage; however, IgG assays can lack specificity due to the similarities between Zika and other flaviviruses. In this study, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the Elecsys® Zika IgG assay were assessed in 496 samples from Zika endemic regions, and specificity only was assessed in 1685 blood screening and diagnostic samples from Zika non-endemic regions. Cross-reactivity was also assessed against a panel of 202 potentially cross-reacting samples. The performance of the Elecsys® Zika IgG assay was compared with the anti-Zika virus ELISA IgG. In the samples from the Zika endemic regions, the Elecsys® Zika IgG assay had 92.88% (95% confidence interval 89.42–95.48) sensitivity and 100% specificity and in the samples from Europe the Elecsys® Zika IgG assay specificity was ≥99.62%. The Elecsys® Zika IgG assay was highly specific in samples from both prevalent and non-endemic regions.
Observation of Atmospheric Neutrinos
Authors: Koshio Yusuke
Published: June 2020

In 1998, the Super-Kamiokande discovered neutrino oscillation using atmospheric neutrino anomalies. It was the first direct evidence of neutrino mass and the first phenomenon to be discovered beyond the standard model of particle physics. Recently, more precise measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using atmospheric neutrinos have been achieved by several detectors, such as Super-Kamiokande, IceCube, and ANTARES. In addition, precise predictions and measurements of atmospheric neutrino flux have been performed. This paper presents the history, current status, and future prospects of the atmospheric neutrino observation.
Vaccination Route as a Determinant of Protective Antibody Responses against Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Burn Aschner Clare , Pierce Carl , Knipe David M. , Herold Betsy C.
Published: June 2020

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are significant global health problems associated with mucosal and neurologic disease. Prior experimental vaccines primarily elicited neutralizing antibodies targeting glycoprotein D (gD), but those that advanced to clinical efficacy trials have failed. Preclinical studies with an HSV-2 strain deleted in gD (ΔgD-2) administered subcutaneously demonstrated that it elicited a high titer, weakly neutralizing antibodies that activated Fcγ receptors to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and completely protected mice against lethal disease and latency following vaginal or skin challenge with HSV-1 or HSV-2. Vaccine efficacy, however, may be impacted by dose and route of immunization. Thus, the current studies were designed to compare immunogenicity and efficacy following different routes of vaccination with escalating doses of ΔgD-2. We compared ΔgD-2 with two other candidates: recombinant gD protein combined with aluminum hydroxide and monophosphoryl lipid A adjuvants and a replication-defective virus deleted in two proteins involved in viral replication, dl5-29. Compared to the subcutaneous route, intramuscular and/or intradermal immunization resulted in increased total HSV antibody responses for all three vaccines and boosted the ADCC, but not the neutralizing response to ΔgD and dl5-29. The adjuvanted gD protein vaccine provided only partial protection and failed to elicit ADCC independent of route of administration. In contrast, the increased ADCC following intramuscular or intradermal administration of ΔgD-2 or dl5-29 translated into significantly increased protection. The ΔgD-2 vaccine provided 100% protection at doses as low as 5 × 104 pfu when administered intramuscularly or intradermally, but not subcutaneously. However, administration of a combination of low dose subcutaneous ΔgD-2 and adjuvanted gD protein resulted in greater protection than low dose ΔgD-2 alone indicating that gD neutralizing antibodies may contribute to protection. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ADCC provides a more predictive correlate of protection against HSV challenge in mice and support intramuscular or intradermal routes of vaccination.
ImmunizziAMO: A School-Based Field Trial to Teach New Generations the Importance of Vaccination through Games and to Fight Vaccine Hesitancy in Italy
Authors: La Torre Giuseppe , D’Egidio Valeria , Sestili Cristina , Cocchiara Rosario Andrea , Cianfanelli Sara , Di Bella Ornella , Lia Lorenza , Dorelli Barbara , Cammalleri Vittoria , Backhaus Insa , Pagano Federica , Anguissola Chiara , Vitiello Amelia , Carsetti Rita , Mannocci Alice ,   Giochiamo Collaborative Group
Published: June 2020

Background: Vaccines simulate the first contact with infectious agents and evoke the immunological response without causing the disease and its complications. High rates of immunization among the population guarantee the interruption of the transmission chain of infectious diseases. Therefore, the population should be aware of the value of vaccination and motivated. In order to implement the spread of a correct culture about these issues, schools were recognized as a privileged operational setting. The aim of this project was to transmit knowledge and convey educational messages on the importance of vaccines, through the use of games, in elementary school children, their families and teachers. Materials and Methods: A field trial study was implemented between April and October 2019. Sample size calculations highlighted the need to recruit at least 136 students in the schools. The intervention involved 10 classes (five first grade and five s grade classes) and was structured in frontal teaching sessions and gaming sessions. Knowledge was assessed comparing the results of a questionnaire administered before and after the intervention. The questionnaires referred to the following items: dangerousness of bacteria and viruses; capability of defending from microorganisms; the role of antibodies; functioning of the vaccine in a child; type of disease for which a vaccine is efficacious; duration of a vaccine; mother- child transmission of antibodies; herd immunity. Results: 143 children participated in all the phases of the study. The comparison between the scores at the beginning and end of the intervention showed a significant increase in the knowledge about vaccines and immunity. The mean knowledge score arose from 3.52 (SD = 1.67) to 5.97 (SD = 1.81). Conclusions: This study suggests that the use of games in an elementary school effectively increase the knowledge related to the important topic of vaccination starting at childhood.
Gut Microbiota Abrogates Anti-α-Gal IgA Response in Lungs and Protects against Experimental Aspergillus Infection in Poultry
Authors: Mateos-Hernández Lourdes , Risco-Castillo Veronica , Torres-Maravilla Edgar , Bermúdez-Humarán Luis G. , Alberdi Pilar , Hodžić Adnan , Hernández-Jarguin Angelica , Rakotobe Sabine , Galon Clemence , Devillers Elodie , de la Fuente Jose , Guillot Jacques , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro
Published: June 2020

Naturally occurring human antibodies (Abs) of the isotypes IgM and IgG and reactive to the galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) epitope are associated with protection against infectious diseases, caused by pathogens expressing the glycan. Gut microbiota bacteria expressing α-Gal regulate the immune response to this glycan in animals lacking endogenous α-Gal. Here, we asked whether the production of anti-α-Gal Abs in response to microbiota stimulation in birds, confers protection against infection by Aspergillus fumigatus, a major fungal pathogen that expresses α-Gal in its surface. We demonstrated that the oral administration of Escherichia coli O86:B7 strain, a bacterium with high α-Gal content, reduces the occurrence of granulomas in lungs and protects turkeys from developing acute aspergillosis. Surprisingly, the protective effect of E. coli O86:B7 was not associated with an increase in circulating anti-α-Gal IgY levels, but with a striking reduction of anti-α-Gal IgA in the lungs of infected turkeys. Subcutaneous immunization against α-Gal did not induce a significant reduction of lung anti-α-Gal IgA and failed to protect against an infectious challenge with A. fumigatus. Oral administration of E. coli O86:B7 was not associated with the upregulation of lung cytokines upon A. fumigatus infection. We concluded that the oral administration of bacteria expressing high levels of α-Gal decreases the levels of lung anti-α-Gal IgA, which are mediators of inflammation and lung damage during acute aspergillosis.
Schmallenberg Virus: To Vaccinate, or Not to Vaccinate?
Authors: Wernike Kerstin , Beer Martin
Published: June 2020

Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a teratogenic orthobunyavirus that infects predominantly ruminants, emerged in 2011 in Central Europe, spread rapidly throughout the continent, and subsequently established an endemic status with re-circulations to a larger extent every 2 to 3 years. Hence, it represents a constant threat to the continent’s ruminant population when no effective countermeasures are implemented. Here, we discuss potential preventive measures to protect from Schmallenberg disease. Previous experiences with other arboviruses like bluetongue virus have already demonstrated that vaccination of livestock against a vector-transmitted disease can play a major role in reducing or even stopping virus circulation. For SBV, specific inactivated whole-virus vaccines have been developed and marketing authorizations were granted for such preparations. In addition, candidate marker vaccines either as live attenuated, DNA-mediated, subunit or live-vectored preparations have been developed, but none of these DIVA-capable candidate vaccines are currently commercially available. At the moment, the licensed inactivated vaccines are used only to a very limited extent. The high seroprevalence rates induced in years of virus re-occurrence to a larger extent, the wave-like and sometimes hard to predict circulation pattern of SBV, and the expenditures of time and costs for the vaccinations presumably impact on the willingness to vaccinate. However, one should bear in mind that the consequence of seronegative young animals and regular renewed virus circulation might be again more cases of fetal malformation caused by an infection of naïve dams during one of their first gestations. Therefore, an appropriate and cost-effective strategy might be to vaccinate naïve female animals of all affected species before the reproductive age.
Liposomal Formulation of ChimeraT, a Multiple T-Cell Epitope-Containing Recombinant Protein, Is a Candidate Vaccine for Human Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Lage Daniela P. , Ribeiro Patrícia A.F. , Dias Daniel S. , Mendonça Débora V.C. , Ramos Fernanda F. , Carvalho Lívia M. , Steiner Bethina T. , Tavares Grasiele S.V. , Martins Vívian T. , Machado Amanda S. , Oliveira-da-Silva João A. , Santos Thaís T.O. , Freitas Camila S. , Oliveira Jamil S. , Roatt Bruno M. , Machado-de-Ávila Ricardo A. , Humbert Maria V. , Christodoulides Myron , Coelho Eduardo A.F.
Published: June 2020

Background: Leishmaniases are neglected diseases caused by infection with Leishmania parasites and there are no human vaccines in use routinely. The purpose of this study was to examine the immunogenicity of ChimeraT, a novel synthetic recombinant vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis (VL), incorporated into a human-compatible liposome formulation. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with ChimeraT/liposome vaccine, ChimeraT/saponin adjuvant, or ChimeraT/saline and immune responses examined in vitro and in vivo. Results: Immunization with the ChimeraT/liposome formulation induced a polarized Th1-type response and significant protection against L. infantum infection. ChimeraT/liposome vaccine stimulated significantly high levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-12, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cytokines by both CD4 and CD8 T-cells, with correspondingly lower levels of IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines. Induced antibodies were predominantly IgG2a isotype, and homologous antigen-stimulated spleen cells produced significant nitrite as a proxy for nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, we examined a small number of treated VL patients and found higher levels of circulating anti-ChimeraT protein IgG2 antibodies, compared to IgG1 levels. Conclusions: Overall, the liposomal formulation of ChimeraT induced a protective Th1-type immune response and thus could be considered in future studies as a vaccine candidate against human VL.
The Use of Organic Coagulants in the Primary Precipitation Process at Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Czerwionka Krzysztof , Wilinska Anna , Tuszynska Agnieszka
Published: June 2020

Measurements for determining the effect of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) on the efficiency of pollutant removal from wastewater were carried out using conventional inorganic coagulants PIX113 with polymer A110 (Kemipol, Police, Poland) and unconventional cationic organic coagulants Cofloc (Attana, Coalville, UK) C29510 (Kemipol, Police, Poland) and Sedifloc 575 (3F Chimica, Sandrigo, Italy). The average removal efficiency in the 2-h sedimentation process was 46%, 34%, 8%, 12% for the total suspended solids, organic matter (COD), total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, respectively. The use of organic coagulants contributed to 14–81% increase of pollutant removal efficiency. Substantial discrepancies in biological nutrient removal processes were not discovered in two-phase (anaerobic-anoxic) experiments without and with the addition of the organic coagulants. The increase in organic matter removal efficiency as a result of the CEPT process may contribute to a 65–80% increase in biogas production. The conducted research confirms the possibility of using organic coagulants in the primary precipitation process in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in accordance with the principles of maximum energy recovery, thereby promoting renewable energy sources. Additionally, organic coagulants, as opposed to inorganic ones, do not cause a significant increase of chloride and sulfate ion concentrations, which facilitates the use of treated wastewater in the water reuse systems, such as irrigation of agricultural crops.
Some Topological Measures for Nicotine
Authors: Virk Abaid ur Rehman
Published: June 2020

A topological index is a quantity expressed as a number that help us to catch symmetry of chemical compounds. With the help of quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR), we can guess physical and chemical properties of several chemical compounds. Here, we will compute Shingali & Kanabour, Gourava and hype Gourava indices for the chemical compound Nicotine.
ANALISIS PERLAKUAN AKUNTANSI TANAMAN PRODUKTIF BERDASARKAN PSAK 16 PADA CV. BUDI BAKTI AGRO
Authors: Arifulsyah Hamdani , Meilani Fany , Nurulita Suci
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine how the application of PSAK 16 on bearer plants in CV. Budi Bakti Agro was founded in 2000, which is a company engaged in the oil palm plantation sector. CV Budi Bakti Agro has 3 locations of oil palm plantations, namely in Padang Mahondang Village, Sukaramai Village, Batu Anam Village in North Sumatra. CV Budi Bakti Agro in presenting the value of its oil palms in the statement of financial position is at the cost price and not based on the fair value of the asset. The company presents the statement of financial position as plant fixed assets and there is no separation between mature and immature plantations. This causes the financial statements presented are not relevant in accordance with the qualitative characteristics of the financial statements. After adjusting to the application of PSAK 16, it was determined that the value of the plants produced was Rp. 679,201,740 whose value is the fair value as of December 31, 2016 and the immature plantations amounting to Rp.15,761,010,500 whose value is the fair value as of December 31, 2016
منهج المحدثين في دراسة الأسانيد وإثبات الاتصال
Authors: HALEF Abdulaziz
Published: June 2020

يقوم هذا البحث على محورين أساسيين
يناقشهما ويبين الراجح في كل منهما؛ المحور الأول: دراسة الأسانيد، حيث يزعم البعض
أن المنهج الإسنادي عند المحدثين منهج ضعيف يسهل اختراقه، فما عليك إلا أن تذكر
إسناداً مشهوراً ثم تلصق به ما شئت من باطل، على أن دراسة الأسانيد كانت متأخرة
جداً، لم تعرفها القرون الأولى. كما أن هذا المنهج منهج شكلي يقوم على دراسة
الأسانيد دون النظر إلى ما تقود إليه هذه الأسانيد من متونٍ ظاهرة البطلان.أما المحور الثاني فهو إثبات الاتصال،
إذ من المعلوم أن إثبات الاتصال هو أحد شروط الحديث المقبول، فلا يصح الحديث ما لم
يتحمل كل راوٍ الحديثَ ممن هو فوقه.وقد بذل المحدثون جهوداً مضنيةً في
سبيل التحقق من الاتصال بين الرواة النقلة بعضهم عن بعض، ووضعوا لذلك كثيراً من
الضوابط العلمية الرصينة التي تجعل أحكامهم في ذلك أقرب إلى الصواب وأبعد عن
الخطأ.إلا أن جماعة ممن تصدوا لنقد جهود
المحدثين ممن ينسبون أنفسهم على المدرسة العقلية المعاصرة لم يرتضوا منهج المحدثين
في إثبات الاتصال، فتوجهوا إلى منهج المحدثين بالنقد، وحكموا عليه بالقصور، ووسموا
نتائجه بالخلل، لأنهم لم يتحققوا من الاتصال بالشكل العلمي الصحيح، وإنما افترضوا
في الرواة أنهم سمعوا من بعضهم البعض. كما أنهم حابوا بعض الرواة فأثبتوا الاتصال
بينهم بينما حكموا على أحاديث رواةٍ آخرين بالانقطاع، مع أن الحالة المعرفية
واحدة، وهذا ما جعلهم يردون أحكام المحدثين القاضية باتصال الأسانيد، ومن ثم رد
أحكامهم في قبول الأحاديث لاختلال شرط الاتصال.

وفي هذا البحث سنتناول تفصيل منهج
المحدثين في إثبات الاتصال أو الحكم بضده، مع تبيان انتقادات العقلانيين عليهم.
Mahmud Şukayr Öykücülüğü ve "Başkalarının Ekmeği" Adlı Öyküsünde Filistin Kadını İmajı
Authors: TANIK Cuma
Published: June 2020

Filistin direnişinin yaşayan siyasî ve edebî simge
isimlerinden Mahmûd Şukayr, 1941’de Kudüs’ün güneydoğusundaki Cebel Mukebber
köyünde dünyaya geldi. Şukayr, bütün bir ömrünü hem siyasî hem edebî anlamda
Filistin işgalinin karşısında direniş göstererek ülkesinin davasını
sahiplenmekle geçirdi. İçinde bulunduğu siyasi faaliyetler onun edebî üretimini
hiçbir zaman akamete uğratmamıştır. Zira o, siyaset ve edebiyat gibi iki uç nokta
arasındaki dengeyi korumayı başarmıştır. 1961’de çalıştığı kuruma Yeni Ufuk
dergisinin nüshaları gelir. Onun bu dergiyle tanışmasıyla birlikte, öykü
türünde başta olmak üzere edebiyat alanında günümüze kadar sürecek olan uzun
yolculuğu başlamış olur. Şukayr’ın ilk öyküsü Gece ve Hırsızlar 1963
yılında Yeni Ufuk dergisinde yayımlandı. Bu çalışmanın konusu olan Başkalarının
Ekmeği öyküsünde de görüleceği üzere yazarın öykülerinin malzemesi, başta
Filistin kadınının günlük hayattaki rolü, maruz kaldığı zorluklar ve proletarya
olmak üzere ülkenin kırsal kesiminden oluşmaktadır.
Bursa Yeşil Cami İmamı Hattat İbrâhim Efendi
Authors: GÜLER Semra
Published: June 2020

Bursa Yeşil Cami imamlığı ve Hacı Şevkî Efendi Dergâhı şeyhliği görevlerini ifa etmiş, aynı zamanda hattat olan İbrâhim Efendi’nin Kütahyalı olduğu bilinir. İbrâhim Efendi’nin hüsn-i hat sanatında hangi silsileden geldiği ve hocasının kim olduğuna dair malumat bulunmaz. Fakat kendisi tarafından yazılmış yazılar, Bursa’nın en önemli camileri olan Ulu Cami, Yeşil Cami ve Yıldırım Cami duvarlarını süslemektedir. Bursa için böylesine önemli mabedlerde yazıları bulunan İbrâhim Efendi’ye kaynaklarda hakkıyla yer verilmemiş olması, bu araştırmayı önemli kılmaktadır. Çünkü bu makale; İbrâhim Efendi’nin hayatı ve eserleri hakkındaki bilgiler içermesinden başka, İbrâhim Efendi’ye ait olabileceği düşünülen eserleri de ihtiva etmektedir. İbrâhim Efendi’ye ait yazı kalıplarıyla desteklenen bu düşünceler neticesinde, İbrâhim Efendi’nin Bursa’ya hizmet etmiş ve eserleri vesilesiyle imzasını bırakmış önemli bir hattat olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Analysis of mRNA expression and DNA methylation level of RAC1 gene encoding focal adhesion molecule in endometrial and peritoneal endometriosis
Authors: Deraya Irwina Eka , Hestiantoro Andon , Muharam Raden , Marwali Muhammad Lucky , As'adi Agus Surur , Darmawi  , Harzif Achmad Kemal , Pratama Gita , Ocktariyana  , Zahrah Annisah , Asmarinah
Published: June 2020

Focal adhesion molecules involve in cellular migration, attachment, and play a role in endometriosis pathomechanisms. Recent studies showed that the expression of RAC1, a gene encoded focal adhesion molecule, was predominantly found in endometriosis. As gene expression may be regulated by DNA methylation. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze promoter methylation level of RAC1 gene and mRNA expression in endometrial and peritoneal endometriosis tissues. This study using 20 endometrial and 9 peritoneal tissues from the same patients and 20 normal endometrial. The DNA and RNA from samples were isolated, DNA was converted using sodium bisulfite and amplified using Methyl Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MSP) method. The methylation level was determined by the intensity measurement of the bands that arose in gel electrophoresis using ImageJ software, whereas mRNA expression level was measured by Reverse Transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method. The mRNA expression level of RAC1 gene in peritoneal endometriosis increased compared to normal endometrium, as well as compared to endometrial endometriosis, but there was no significant difference in endometrial endometriosis compared to normal. Promoter hypermethylation level of RAC1 gene in peritoneal endometriosis was significantly different compared to normal endometrium, however not significant to endometrial endometriosis. Methylation level of its gene in endometrial endometriosis shown no significant difference compared to normal. There was association between promoter hypermethylation level and its mRNA expression in endometrial endometriosis (R= 0.014; p=0.952). The elevation of mRNA expression of RAC1 gene plays a role in endometrial cell migration to peritoneum, and associated with promoter hypermethylation level of its gene.
Acuerdo sin compromiso. El caso del Acuerdo sobre el Acuífero Guaraní
Authors: Concina Haín Eugenia
Published: June 2020

El siguiente trabajo analiza la importancia que posee el Tratado sobre el Acuífero Guaraní como instancia de cooperación entre los Estados titulares del recurso para su regulación. Se parte del hecho que el Acuífero, siendo un recurso hídrico transfronterizo y estratégico, carece de un marco regulatorio especíico que garantice su preservación y que la irma del Acuerdo en el año 2010 supone una mejora de esa situación. Sin embargo, la Convención lograda solo ha recibido dos de los cuatro instrumentos de ratiicación necesarios para su entrada en vigor. Lo que lleva a airmar que los Estados en ejercicio de su capacidad de dictarse normas internacionales han logrado la irma de un tratado multilateral; sin embargo mantener el compromiso en el tiempo pareciera implicarles un esfuerzo más difícil de alcanzar.
destitución de Fernando Lugo y Dilma Rousseff. Una comparación de ambas crisis democráticas desde la labor de las organizaciones regionales
Authors: Gómez Martín Alfonsina
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se describen dos casos de crisis democráticas en América Latina, el juicio político y destitución de los Presidentes Fernando Lugo en Paraguay (2012), y Dilma Rousseff en Brasil (2016). Con respecto a ambas crisis se comparan los procesos internos que las desencadenaron, y se apuntan qué mecanismos de protección democrática se implementaron por parte de las organizaciones regionales y qué factores influyeron en la implementación de dichos mecanismos. Aunque con matices particulares, en ambas crisis fueron factores internos los que provocaron el quiebre de las alianzas de gobierno y la consecuente conformación de mayorías legislativas con voluntad de destituir a los mandatarios. Mientras que en el caso paraguayo los mecanismos de protección democrática se aplicaron demostrando una convergencia en la acción del Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR) y la Unión de Naciones Sudamericanas (UNASUR), pero no así de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA); en el caso de Brasil, donde las mismas organizaciones regionales eran competentes, los mecanismos no fueron activados salvo algunas acciones correspondientes a la fase de activación. Las asimetrías de poder en el marco de las organizaciones regionales y los distintos contextos regionales son factores que influyen de forma determinante en la aplicación o no de los mecanismos de protección democrática en cada caso particular.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Cabeza Marta G. , Castello Vanesa I.
Published: June 2020

"Este nuevo número de la Revista Integración y Cooperación Internacional nos encuentra en medio de los grandes cambios mundiales provocados por la pandemia de COVID-19..."
Conociendo las clausuras. El entendimiento de los espacios abiertos cenobiales a través de una propuesta de accesibilidad virtual al Convento de Santa Inés.
Authors: Pérez Cano María Teresa , Molina Liñán María Mercedes , Royo Naranjo Lourdes , Rodríguez Lora Juan Andrés , Aladro Prieto José Manuel , Peral López José , Navarro de Pablos Francisco Javier , Ostos Prieto Francisco Javier , Mosquera Adell Eduardo , Navas Carrillo Daniel , Mosquera Pérez Clara Teresa , López Bravo Celia , del Espino Hidalgo Blanca
Published: June 2020

El recurso de realidad virtual desarrollado para los espacios abiertos de Santa Inés, permite al usuario sumergirse en un entorno con apariencia de realidad mediante la observación de los mismos en 360º. A través de él, podrá conocerse su historia y detalles, narrados en una locución explicativa que detalla su origen, modificaciones y estado de conservación.

El objetivo de la actividad es dar a conocer el Patrimonio Conventual Sevillano, cerrado al público por sus propias características, mediante el recurso virtual desarrollado, de manera que se disfrute de una experiencia totalmente inmersiva y sensorial sobre unos espacios que, por las particularidades que presentan (clausura), son muy desconocidos e inaccesibles.
Funkcjonowanie obiektów w trwałej ruinie na przykładzie zamku w Janowcu
Authors: Drobek Katarzyna
Published: June 2020

Ruiny zamkowe są stale obecne w krajobrazie Polski. Wzrost zainteresowania tego typu obiektami powoduje, że są one przystosowywane do funkcji współczesnych w celu zapewnienia im dalszego funkcjonowania. Zamek w Janowcu, na którym skupia się niniejszy artykuł, w czasach swojej świetności był rezydencją znamienitych rodów magnackich. Zamek ten jest niezwykle ciekawym przykładem zamków średniowiecznych funkcjonujących w formie trwałej ruiny, dlatego też na jego przykładzie zostanie omówione obecne działanie tego typu obiektów.
Portrayal Matching Algorithm By using Sift
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, P. V. P Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, India., Bai D. Praveena , Chrysolite K. Kezia ,   Department of Electronics and Communication, P. V. P Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, India., Bharathi B. ,   Department of Electronics and Communication, P. V. P Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, India., Sudha K.Sai ,   Department of Electronics and Communication, P. V. P Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, India., Bhavani B. ,   Department of Electronics and Communication, P. V. P Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, India.
Published: June 2020

Image identification and matching is one of the very difficult assignment in different areas of mainframe view. Scale-Invariant Feature Transform is an algorithm to perceive and represent specific features in portryals to further use them as an image matching criteria. In this paper, the extracted SIFT matching features are against various image distortions such as rotation, scaling, fisheye and motion distortion are evaluated and false and true positive rates for a large number of image pairs are calculated and presented.
A Proposed Methodology to Prevent a Ransomware Attack
Authors:   PhD scholar, Shri. JJT University,, M.D. Salunke , Kumbharkar Dr. P.B. ,   Shri JJT University, Sharma Dr. Yogesh Kumar ,   Shri JJT University
Published: June 2020

RANSOMWARE as malware, increasing threat, three techniques-prevent, detect and mitigate, backup, software updates, educating users, network protection, software optimization, antivirus solution, don’t pay ransom, RDP (remote desktop protocol), disabling macros, principle of least privilege, software restriction policies(SRP), Sender Policy Framework (SPF), Domain Message Authentication Reporting and Conformance (DMARC), Domain Keys Identified Mail (DKIM), administrative rights, network segmentation.
Morphology and Mechanical Properties of NBR/PVC Hybrid Nanocomposites
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry – 605014, India., N* Subramanian , K Senthilvel ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karaikal Polytechnic College, Karaikal - 609609, Pondicherry, India, Prabu B. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry–605014, India. e-mail: prabu@pec.edu. .org
Published: June 2020

In this present work NBR/PVC conventional composite containing 70phr carbon black (CB) is taken for study. In order to reduce the utilization of CB, new hybrid nanocomposites containing varied content of both CB(40phr -55phr) and graphenenanoplatelets (GNP) (3phr-9phr) were developed by melt-mixing on a two roll mill and their morphology and mechanical properties were tested and compared with conventional composite. FESEM studies evident that the formation of exfoliated structures of GNP and formation of local CB-GNP hybrid filler network which ensures proper and compatible mixing in the composites. It is also found that mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, swelling resistance, hardness and compression set increases with increase in GNP content from 3 to 6phr and whereas tensile modulus and tear strength increases with increase in GNP content from 3 to 9phr. Further the developed NBR/PVC hybrid nanocompositescontaining 55phr of CB and 3phr of GNP exhibited an improvement of 6.8%, 27.9% +1 shore A and 4.1% in tensile strength, tensile modulus, hardness, swelling resistance in comparison to the conventional composite containing 70phr CB. The better performance of NBR/PVC hybrid nanocomposites can be mainly attributed to high surface area of functionalized nanographene and its enhanced interactions with the NBR/PVC matrix, enhanced CB-GNP interactions, improved dispersion of graphene in the rubber blend due the presence of COOH group on the surface of graphene layers and formation of more cross-links between rubber and fillers with increase in nanofiller content . These newly developed hybrid nanocomposites can be used in automotive sector especially for oil seal applications where low compression set and high solvent resistance are of prime importance.
Digital Autolocking Handbrake Securitysystem
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JEMTEC Greater Noida, India., Singh Mr. Gurpreet , Mayank  ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, JEMTEC Greater Noida, India., Tejaswi  ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, JEMTEC Greater Noida, India., Malik Nitish ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, JEMTEC Greater Noida, India., Sharma Mandeep ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, JEMTEC Greater Noida, India.
Published: June 2020

With the emerging technology the auto region is likewise evolving. Since previous couple of years, it has been found that various advancements were made concerning the security of the car. To boom the safety degree and to combat the robbery instances this assignment has been proposed. The predominant concept at the back of this mission is to install a safety device for an automobile handbrake which can be operated digitally to guard motors from being stolen. Apart from introducing new techniques of engaging the handbrake there has been no predominant improvement on this place of automobiles. The operation will remain identical as the handbrake is operated; the exchange could be made inside the working mechanism i.e. The twine that transmits the force to the brake pads of the rear wheels. A safety module could be installed surrounding the wire in which the twine can be locked through a piston cylinder arrangement. When the fingerprint matches with the registered one it'll actuate the piston cylinder sensor giving it sign to lock or release the handbrake twine. Both the sensors could be monitored via the ECU. With the introduction of such kind of system the safety of the automobile will be progressed as much as higher degree.
Impact of Premier Clubs (Corporate Club and Club Galaxy Membership) in Life Insurance Corporation of India on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of LIC Agents
Authors:   pursuing Ph.D in Management, Department of Management in GITAM School of Business, Bengaluru, Hari* Roddam , Kumari Dr.P.Anitha ,   Assitant Professor, Department of Management, GITAM School of Business, Bengaluru.
Published: June 2020

Literature speaks volumes on role of satisfied employees commitment and loyalty towards their Organization’s growth. For the growth of the Organization, the growth of the Individual is also important. Life Insurance Corporation of India in its endeavour to motivate its precious Agency force for higher production and consistency of Life Insurance business and make them professional, help them acquire the required knowledge, competence and skills so that they are capable of handling the Policy Holders, give them a status in the Organization as well as in the Society, has introduced the concept of Club Membership in the year 1971. The Life Insurance Industry in India is growing at a steady pace. Life Insurance penetration (Premiums as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ) in India is lower at 2.76% as of 2017 despite the steady growth rate of the Industry for the last six years. There are 24 Life Insurance Companies doing business in India including the lone Public Sector Life Insurance Corporation of India. An effort is necessitated to study the importance of the two premier clubs in Life Insurance Corporation of India viz., 1) Corporate Club and 2) Club Galaxy for Agents, in improving the Job satisfaction and their commitments towards the Organizational goals. Introduction of premier clubs worked as a motivator, increased the customer satisfaction as well as the job satisfaction of the agency force.
Categorizing Multi-Label Product Questionnaires through SVM Based Click stream
Authors:   Assistant professor, Department of computer science, Salem sowdeswari college, Self-financing courses wing, Salem, Charanya. C Sathya , Saravanan Dr.V. ,   Dean - Computer Studies, Dr.SNS Rajalakshmi College of Arts and Science, (an Autonomous Institution), Coimbatore.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, Question Categorization (QC) has been studied most primarily in order to understand customers' search intention. In both of these searches, the items in the question list relate to the category label belonging to the taxonomy tree that is being examined. Despite this, search queries about the product usually vary depending on what is vague, and introduce new products over time, seasonal trends and narrow. Traditional supervised approaches to E-Commerce QC are not possible due to the high volume of traffic and high cost for manual annotation in E-Commerce search engines. Here, clickstream data is utilized to determine the effectiveness of a channel's marketplace. So, using the customer's click concept, to collect large-scale question categorization data, this paper uses unsupervised methods that means SVM algorithm is mainly used in this system. Here the data is in the multiclass and multi-label classifier is used to classify them. This paper gets on a large multi-label data set with specific and individual queries from a specific category. In this paper, a comparison of different sophisticated text classifiers is viewed. This paper calculates the micro-F1 scores of top and leaf, which are considered to be a linear SVM-ensemble.
An Application of The Lomb-Scargle Periodogram To Investigate Heart Rate Variability During Haemodialysis
Authors: Stewart Jill , Stewart Paul , Walker Thomas , Gullapudi Latha , Eldehni Tarek , Selby Nicholas , Taal Maarten
Published: June 2020

Objective: Short-term cardiovascular compensatory responses to perturbations in the circulatory system caused by haemodialysis can be investigated by spectral analysis of heart rate variability. This could provide an important variable for categorising individual patients response to haemodialysis leading to a more personalised treatment. However, data obtained over a four-hour haemodialysis treatment is significant in volume and subject to artefacts that can compromise its analysis.

Methods: The Lomb-Scargle Periodogram can provide a robust method of generating power spectral density estimates for large, irregularly sampled and noisy data sets obtained in clinical settings, provided that careful attention is given to frequency limits. The effect of different pre-processing methods on the resulting power spectrum is explored with simulated and real heart rate variability data.

Results: Common pre-processing methods for correcting individual artefacts in heart rate records, such as interpolation, are unreliable as they act as non-linear low-pass filters and distort the resulting spectral analysis. These distortions are present, but less apparent within patient data and can mislead clinical interpretations.

Conclusion: It is more appropriate to exclude suspect data points than to edit them prior to spectral analysis via the Lomb- Scargle periodogram, and where required, de-noise the entire heart rate signal by empirical mode decomposition. The use of a False Alarm Probability metric can help establish whether spectral estimates are valid

Significance: Methods established to pre-process time-invariant data prior to power spectral density estimation fail when used in conjunction with the Lomb-Scargle method.
Assessing International Opportunities in Higher Education: A Matrix-based Assessment Tool
Authors: Kaufman Sophie R. , Ekstrom David N. , Shortridge-Baggett Lillie M.
Published: June 2020

Faced with a growing number of international opportunities, the Lienhard School of Nursing at Pace University adapted a business model to assess which opportunities to pursue. Employing a product portfolio matrix approach, the International Opportunities Assessment (IOA) Tool was developed to assess new international ventures using the parameters of Market Attractiveness and Institutional Resources. The tool was piloted on a study abroad nursing course featuring a trip to Iceland. The tool assisted in prioritizing program development for international opportunities.  In this article, we will describe the development of this tool and, in order to demonstrate its use, we will provide an example of its application in the assessment of a study abroad course for nursing students at the Lienhard School of Nursing, Pace University.
Re-Reading Student Texts: Intertextuality and Constructions of Self and Other in the Contact Zone
Authors: Rodriguez Karen
Published: June 2020

This article examines a student poem about a common gendered experience in Guanajuato, Mexico, which was written by a student in a creative writing group I led during a one-semester study abroad program I direct for CIEE (Council on International Educational Exchange). The article posits Guanajuato as a contact zone where Mexican culture and US culture meet in myriad ways on a daily basis. It introduces the notion of intertextuality to complicate the typical way we might read the text. After looking at one possible US interpretation that might be given to this piece, it tries not to discredit it, but to de-privilege it as the only possible interpretation. The article does this first by opening up several interpretive possibilities within the text and, second, by taking the student text into the wider interpretive domain to look at what the local other is also expressing textually in the midst of intercultural contact. It considers two types of local texts: a t-shirt genre that is currently popular and the ubiquitous bar flyer handed out on the streets of Guanajuato.

I attempt to show that everyone in this contact zone resists being constructed by the other, and that everyone writes his or her identity into the social context. By considering the student text from another perspective, and from a less common theoretical point of view, the article argues that we can destabilize our own complacent way of knowing, bring other perspectives into our understanding, and model the type of learning in which we hope our students engage.