bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Espacios transgresores: El escenario sacrificial indígena en la historiografía novohispana del siglo XVI
Authors: Cervantes Pérez Nadia
Published: July 2019

Uno de los aspectos más notables de la historiografía colonial novohispana son los discursos en torno a las prácticas sacrificiales indígenas. Estos rituales dispararon la imaginación de los narradores europeos y se utilizaron para darle forma a sus argumentos en cuanto a la evangelización, conquista y colonización del Nuevo Mundo. Si por un lado se consideraba al espacio americano como un paraíso perdido, es verdad también que los lugares sagrados del mundo indígena fueron respresentados como un espacio infernal de transgresión e idolatría. En este trabajo amplío la dicotomía infierno-paraíso explicando las diversas maneras en que se construyen los espacios rituales del mundo mesoamericano en los textos coloniales del siglo XVI. En concreto, analizo la manera en que tanto europeos como indígenas presentan tres espacios rituales paradigmáticos en la historiografía novohispana temprana: La isla de los sacrificios, los espacios rituales de Tlaxcala y el Templo Mayor de Tenochtitlan. Argumento que si bien la construcción textual del espacio ritual indígena en la Historia General de Oviedo constituye el espacio transgresor por excelencia, en historias de aspecto evangelizador, como la de Motolinía, se presenta una ambivalencia entre la cultura occidental y la religión nahua a través de oposiciones y paralelismos. Finalmente, explico que la representación de los espacios rituales por parte del cronista indígena Hernando Alvarado Tezozomoc contrasta significativamente con las crónicas europeas al proponer al escenario ritual sacrificial como el locus de la identidad y memoria mexica.
THE BUILD FULL SELF-CONFIDENCE IN TENNIS FEMALE PLAYERS 13-15 YEAR OLD IN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL COACHING SYSTEM
Authors: LE THI MINH DAO*,DO VINH KHIET
Published: July 2019

To develop a program of self-confidence of young tennis athletes during psychologicalcoaching, a complex psychological diagnostic study was organized, to analyze the individualcharacteristics of the athletes. motivate women from 13 to 15 years old andtest the effects of art treatment on the formation of optimal emotional state and personalpotential. The goal is based on testing means and methods of establishing fullself-confidence in 13-15 year old tennis female players to develop practical recommendationsfor coaches and sports psychologists about Psychological coaching for tennisplayers in the previous preparatory stage. Test results identify the individual characteristicsof 31 tennis players, 13 to 15 years old. Psychological diagnostic methodsare performed using the technique ”Self-assessment”, the technique of Yu.M. Orlova”Success rating scale”, ”Self-confidence of the required level” technique (Helen G.O &Iaroslava M, 2017; Dao C.T, 2019). There are 36 hours of editing work through artpsychotreatment methods. During the study, the effectiveness of exercises and techniquesforming full self-confidence of tennis players 13-15 years has been determined.Results. Usually, selfesteem of young athletes meets high, medium or high levels. Themain directions of its development and adjustment to an appropriate level, increasingthe adequacy of their own ideas and the perception of others, increasing personalresponsibility to achieve personal goals and decide on urgent sports goals. The selectionof exercises to form the full self-confidence of tennis players from 13 to 15years old must use the art of resource treatment techniques. Woks need to be donewith young athletes Parents about forming the full self-confidence of young athletes.The effectiveness of the exercises and techniques proposed in creating the full selfconfidenceof tennis players from 13 to 15 years old is proven by research, allowingthe recommendation to use them in a standard program Psychological suffering foryoung athletes.
On the classification of the genera Labyrinthula, Schizochytrium and Thraustochytrium (Labyrinthulids and Thraustochytrids)
Authors: Moestrup Øjvind
Published: July 2019

Species of the genera Labyrinthula, Schizochytrium, Thraustochytrium and related organisms have recently attracted attention in biotechnology, and here is a short note on how to classify these rather special organisms.
The use of a microscope integrated three-dimensional camera display system as a valuable aid in delivering human anatomy workshops
Authors: Kostusiak Milosz , Roy Dorina , Gnanakumar Sujit , Brassett Cecilia , Trivedi Rikin
Published: July 2019

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Introduction: Whole body dissection significantly improves a student's knowledge of anatomy, but the costs associated with utilising human cadavers are often prohibitive. This study introduces innovative three-dimensional (3D) anatomical image display to aid the learning process. Methods: Small-group prosection demonstrations were delivered to second year pre-clinical medical students using 3D microscope and display. Results: Students were shown different head and neck structures and their anatomical relations. Hundred and fifty students (94.3%) agreed that 3D image display was useful for learning anatomy. Difficulties in viewing 3D content were reported by 21 students (13.2%). Students highlighted the usefulness of 3D derived imaging in viewing small structures and that it helped with consolidating their spatial anatomical knowledge. Conclusion: 3D technology is becoming popular in clinical medicine, training and education. This study has shown that anatomy demonstrations delivered using innovative 3D microscope derived images are well received by undergraduate students and are valuable adjuncts to humany anatomy teaching.
The Effect of Water Deficit and Nitrogen on the Antioxidant Enzymes’ Activity and Quantum Yield of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: MOVLUDI Arezu , EBADI Ali , JAHANBAKHSH Soodabeh , DAVARI Mahdi , PARMOON Ghasem
Published: July 2019

The effects of water deficit and nitrogen fertilizer were studied on antioxidant enzymes activity and quantum yield of barley. An experiment carried out in greenhouse in factorial subject based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Irrigation schedules imposed at three levels of 85%, 60% and 35% field capacity (FC), and nitrogen were applied in quantities of 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1. We determined Catalase (CAT), Peroxidase (POX) Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, proline, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, quantum yield and grain yield. The results showed that severe stress (35% FC) increased the activities of CAT, POX and PPO enzymes and proline content, whereas the carotenoids, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b decreased. Water deficiency caused the reduction in the quantum yield and the grain yield by 34%. Application of 80 kg of N during stress treatments resulted in higher enzyme activity and proline content. High amount of nitrogen reduced carotenoids, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and in contrast, enhanced quantum yield. Application of 120 kg N ha-1 increased the yield up to 37% under mild stress (35% FC). Correlation coefficient and path coefficient showed that, grain yield was affected directly by amount of carotenoids and quantum yield.
Growth and Photosynthetic Response of Two Persimmon Rootstocks (Diospyros kaki and D. virginiana) under Different Salinity Levels
Authors: INCESU Meral , CIMEN Berken , YESILOGLU Turgut , YILMAZ Bilge
Published: July 2019

Salinity continues to be a major factor in reduced crop productivity and profit in many arid and semiarid regions. Seedlings of Diospyros kaki Thunb. and D. virginiana L. are commonly used as rootstock in persimmon cultivation. In this study we have evaluated the effects of different salinity levels on photosynthetic capacity and plant development of D. kaki and D. virginiana. Salinity was provided by adding 50 mM, 75 mM and 100 mM NaCl to nutrient solution. In order to determine the effects of different salinity levels on plant growth, leaf number, plant height, shoot and root dry mass were recorded. Besides leaf Na, Cl, K and Ca concentrations were determined. Also leaf chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fvâ€™/Fmâ€™) and leaf gas exchange parameters including leaf net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gS), leaf transpiration rate (E), and CO2 substomatal concentration (Ci) were investigated. Significant decrease of leaf number, shoot length and plant dry mass by increasing salinity levels was observed in both rootstocks. D. virginiana was less affected in terms of plant growth under salinity stress. Leaf chlorophyll concentration reduction was higher in the leaves of D. kaki in comparison to D. virginiana in 100 mM NaCl treatment. By increasing salinity levels PN, gS and E markedly decreased in both rootstocks and D. kaki was more affected from salinity in terms of leaf gas exchange parameters. In addition there was no significant difference but slight decreases were recorded in leaf chlorophyll fluorescences of both rootstocks.
Nutrition Intensity in Ternary Diagrams Interpretation for Some Ornamental Species Cultivated on Organic Substrate with Increased Biological Activity
Authors: MADJAR Roxana Maria , VASILE SCAETEANU Gina , MIHALACHE Mircea , CALIN Catalina , DAN Valentin Sebastian , PETICILA Adrian G.
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, many biodegradable organic wastes no longer need to represent an environmental hazard and as a consequence, they could be recycled to obtain horticultural substrates. An experiment was conducted on two deciduous (Tamarix tetrandra, Ligustrum ovalifolium â€˜Aureumâ€™) and two coniferous species (Chamaecyparis pisifera â€˜Boulevardâ€™, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana â€˜Stardustâ€™) grown on a soil mixture of forestry compost, leaves compost, peat and grape marc compost. The aim of the research was to investigate the response to fertilization and to obtain valuable information regarding absorption rate of nutritive elements during vegetation. Nitrogen data show a lowering of its nutritive equilibrium point towards autumn in the leaves of deciduous shrubs species. Resorption of nutrients before leaves fall occurs due to conservation process in woody plants with deciduous leaves. In the case of coniferous species the lowering of nitrogen content is less intense. The monthly fertilization with CoÃ¯c solution indicates no influence on nitrogen metabolism of this species. The exception was on Ligustrum with differences between nitrogen content in fertilized and unfertilized plants. The phosphorus nutritive equilibrium point reveals a decrease during the summer months (July - August), the species presenting the lowest values in this period and the cause of this behaviour was the plants adaptation to high temperature and low humidity. Potassium nutritive equilibrium data indicates small differences in the unfertilized plants in comparison with those fertilized in all species. The novelty of the research is represented by the ternary diagrams N-P-K that were constructed, interpreted and reported for dendrologic species.
Quality Changes of Different Sweet Cherry Cultivars at Various Stages of the Supply Chain
Authors: SEN Fatih , OKSAR Rustu Efe , GOLKARIAN Mina , YALDIZ Sevde
Published: July 2019

Transportation of sweet cherry fruits to distant markets and further marketing processes often takes approximately 2-3 weeks. The present study investigates the quality changes during this time period at three stages for three sweet cherry cultivars: â€˜Early Burlatâ€™, â€˜Napoleonâ€™, and â€˜0900 Ziraatâ€™. Following pre-cooling, the sweet cherries were placed in modified atmosphere packages and exposed to the following stages for the indicated durations: transportation (T) [8 days at 2 Â°C and 85% relative humidity (RH)]; distribution center (DC) (4 days at 6.5 Â°C and 80% RH), and shelf-life (SL) (2 days at 19 Â°C and 70% RH). Weight losses at the end of the SL stage were 3.11, 3.18, and 2.74%, respectively in â€˜Early Burlatâ€™, â€˜Napoleonâ€™ and â€˜0900 Ziraatâ€™.Fruit firmness decreased after SL as compared to that at other stages and was more remarkable in â€˜0900 Ziraatâ€™. Decreased Chroma values which indicates, the intensity or color saturation were observed in all cultivars, whereas decreased hue angle values colours expressed in degrees were observed in the â€˜Early Burlatâ€™ and â€˜0900 Ziraatâ€™. In addition, a decrease was noted in the titratable acidity of all cultivars at the end of SL. The total soluble solids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities were similar for all cultivars at all stages. The visual appearance scores of â€˜Early Burlatâ€™ cherries decreased at the end of SL, because of development of pitting on the fruit surface. The fruit quality changes were limited at T and DC stages; however, these changes became more distinctive during the SL period. It was thus concluded that the SL duration and conditions were of the highest significance with regard to maintenance of the sweet cherry fruit quality.
Cutting Type and IBA Treatment Duration Affect Teucrium fruticans Adventitious Root Quality
Authors: SABATINO Leo , D’ANNA Fabio , IAPICHINO Giovanni
Published: July 2019

Root development of stem cuttings of Silver Germander (Teucrium fruticans) was investigated in relation to cutting type and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatment. Terminal cuttings of a clone grown in Sicily were trimmed to three types: terminal cuttings with apex (TWA), terminal cuttings without apex (TWOA) or sub-terminal cuttings (ST). To verify the cutting response to exogenous auxin, cuttings were dipped to a 2.0 cm depth in a 0.5% indole-3-butyric acid solution for 0, 5 or 7 minutes. Overall percent survival was 97 to 98%. Rooting percent, root number and root length were affected by cutting type and indole-3-butyric acid treatment. In general, TWA cuttings demonstrated a higher capacity to form roots than cuttings without apex (TWOA and ST cuttings). In absence of indole-3-butyric acid treatment, TWA and ST cuttings gave higher rooting percentages than TWOA cuttings. Exposing cuttings to indole-3-butyric acid improved percent rooting, number of roots per cutting and root length. The best results in terms of rooting percentage and root number per cuttings were obtained with TWA cuttings in combination with 7 min indole-3-butyric acid basal dip. However, cuttings taken farther down the stem, such as sub-terminal cuttings gave satisfactory rooting performance as well. We suggest that the use of all cutting types tested associated to indole-3-butyric acid basal dip for 5 or 7 min may be beneficial to propagators wishing to produce T. fruticans rooted cuttings with well-developed root system.
Molecular and Elemental Characterization of Selected Turkish Durum Wheat Varieties
Authors: HAKKI Erdogan E. , DOGRAR Nurdan , PANDEY Anamika , KHAN Mohd. Kamran , HAMURCU Mehmet , KAYIS Seyit A. , GEZGIN Sait , ÖLMEZ Fatih , AKKAYA Mahinur S.
Published: July 2019

Combination of elemental and protein studies along with molecular data using microsatellite markers may lead to the better and realistic determination of relatedness between the varieties and their populations. In this study, the extent of diversity among five Turkish durum wheat cultivars and their populations has been assessed using seven microsatellite markers and the elemental analysis together with the differences in their protein content.In molecular analysis, total 23 alleles have been obtained among all the genotypes with middling of 4.6 per primer. On employing UPGMA Dendrogram, Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Winboot analyses, both inter and intra varietal polymorphic studies had shown similar clustering with minor differences. As a result of AMOVA performed, the extent of diversity was found to be higher among the genotypes (76%) in comparison to the variability within the genotypes (24%). In elemental analyses, â€˜Selcuklu-97â€™ was found to be the most efficient variety with high content of several elements. Also, strong and positive correlation has been observed between magnesium- phosphorus, magnesium-sulphur and sulphur-sodium, while noteworthy negative correlation has been observed between sodium and zinc. The protein content of the genotypes was found in the range of 15.17-16.90%.The diversity revealed in durum genotypes can be employed in genetic expansion of the crop. These involved varieties may aid to avoid genetic attrition coming up from the landraces. The information provided can be utilized by breeders for appropriate selection of both, genetically and nutritionally efficient durum wheat varieties.
Genetic Relationships Among Representatives of Dasypyrum, Secale and Triticum Species Revealed with RAPD and ISSR Markers
Authors: GRADZIELEWSKA Agnieszka , TYRKA Mirosław , LESNIOWSKA-NOWAK Justyna , NAZARUK Justyna
Published: July 2019

In this study the genetic similarity among Dasypyrum, Secale andTriticum species with RAPDs and ISSRs was analyzed. To show a level of similarity between the species, 12 populations of Dasypyrum (11 D. villosum and 1 D. breviaristatum), together with 12 accessions belonging to 3 Secale species and 12 accessions from 4 Triticum species were used. Genetic distances (GD) and bootstrap values were calculated and PCA analysis was conducted to present the relationships among the species. To estimate the genetic structure among and inside genera, as well as population differentiation, gene diversity (He), total genetic variation (Ht) and Wrightâ€™s fixation index (Fst) were computed. The highest values were found in Triticum, within which Ht was equal to 0.332Â±0.023 and Fst was 0.42. It confirmed that the material studied was highly differentiated. Both systems found Dasypyrum more related with Triticum, as compared to Secale. With RAPDs, genetic distance (GD) between Triticum and Dasypyrum was 0.435, respectively 0.460 for Secale vs Dasypyrum. In the case of ISSRs these values were 0.374 and 0.407, respectively. Despite the fact that the difference between the two GD indices was insignificant, one should not exclude the possibility of successful hybridization of Dasypyrum and Secale, especially when using bridge species.
Determination of Major-to-Trace Minerals and Polyphenols in Different Apple Cultivars
Authors: TODEA Doina Adina , CADAR Oana , SIMEDRU Dorina , ROMAN Cecilia , TANASELIA Claudiu , SUATEAN Iuliu , NAGHIU Anca
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration level of some major-to-trace elements and toxic minerals and polyphenols (catechin, epicatechin and quercetin) in fruits belonging to different apple cultivars (â€˜Auriu de Clujâ€™, â€˜Florinaâ€™, â€˜Generosâ€™, â€˜Golden Deliciousâ€™, â€˜Primaâ€™, â€˜Productiv de Clujâ€™ and â€˜Starkrimsonâ€™), under specific climate conditions to northwestern Romania. The apple minerals were determined by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after a preliminary, microwave-assisted, acid digestion. The polyphenols were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with MS/MS detection. According to the obtained results, the edible part of the apple contains many minerals with high relative nutritional value (RNV). The major minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg and P), minor elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr and Zn) and toxic trace elements (Cd, Cr and Pb) were comparatively identified and quantified. It was found that K (31976 mg/kg) was predominant among the major elements, while Fe (3.68 mg/kg) and Cu (3.57 mg/kg) were comparable. The toxic trace metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) were below the limits of detection (0.01, 0.10 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively) and did not determine any health risk to consumers. The main polyphenols composition (catechin, epicathechin, quercetin) differs slightly among different cultivars. In â€˜Idaredâ€™ and â€˜Jonathanâ€™ cultivars, the investigated polyphenols are in higher quantities comparing to the others. In all investigated apple cultivars, quercetin was proved to be the major polyphenol, followed by epicathechin and catechin. These results suggest that, regarding only the investigated polyphenols, â€˜Idaredâ€™ and â€˜Jonathanâ€™ cultivars have the highest antioxidant character in all investigated genotypes.
Frost Crack Impact on European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Wood Quality
Authors: CÂMPU Vasile R. , DUMITRACHE Radu
Published: July 2019

Frost crack represents one of the main defects which affect European beech wood quality. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to improve the knowledge regarding both the impact of frost crack on European beech wood quality and the frost crack characteristics which affect wood quality. In order to do this, nineteen European beech trunks with frost crack have been studied. Each trunk has been cross-cut every 1 meter and the characteristics of frost crack and frost crack star-shaped heart have been measured in each cross-cut section. The defects which accompany frost crack have also been identified in each crosscut section. Moreover, the possibility of determining these defects using the IML RESIF500 – S Resistograph has been tested. The research has emphasized the existence of statistical correlations between frost crack star-shaped heart expansion, frost crack rib prominence and frost crack length. These correlations are expressed by multiple linear regressions. The presence of defects which affect wood structure leading to a decrease in penetration resistance can be determined accurately with the resistograph. Decay (in frost cracks older than 8 years) and ring shake have been identified as the most frequent defects which accompany frost crack. The measurements made on the frost cracks studied have been gathered in a graph which shows frost crack impact on European beech wood quality. The results obtained lead to the improvement of the criteria of European beech wood quality assessment by expanding the already existent knowledge and by identifying new aspects which may complete standing wood quality determination and sorting methods.
Development of a SCAR Marker for Rapid Identification of New Kentucky Bluegrass Breeding Lines
Authors: YUAN Xiaojun , HE Yali , HUANG Junjie , HU Wen , ZHOU Huanhuan , GAO Qiongyu , ZHOU Shumin
Published: July 2019

As a commonly used turfgrass, Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (KBG) has many commercially available cultivars for production. After several years of screening, two new lines were obtained (â€˜KBG03â€™ and â€˜KBG04â€™), which have high tolerance to summer. The study showed that the two lines revealed similar morphological characteristics, with light green leaf color, narrow leaf blade, high plant height and light 1,000-grain weight. A total of 400 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and 256 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primer combinations were screened among the two lines and other 4 imported commercial cultivars. The percentages of polymorphic sites were 65.5% (RAPD) and 22.6% (SRAP) respectively. By cluster analysis of RAPD and SRAP data, the dendrogram at a similarity of 0.29 gave two main clusters, of which one group had 4 commercial cultivars, and the other had the two new breeding lines. Furthermore, one specific band of â€˜KBG04â€™ was successfully converted into a dominant sequence characterized amplified region marker (SCAR196). Then the SCAR marker was verified by 39 KBG DNA samples, including imported varieties, domestic varieties and self-breeding lines of our laboratory, and it exhibited high consistency with the original RAPD polymorphic amplification. The results showed that the SCAR marker can be used to distinguish the new line â€˜KBG04â€™ from numerous KBG germplasms, which would be useful for cultivar identification and property rights protection in the future.
Morphological and Isozyme Variation in Natural Populations of the Genus Medicago L. Prospected in Northern Algeria
Authors: MEDOUKALI Imane , BELLIL Ines , KHELIFI Douadi
Published: July 2019

As part of the evaluation and enhancement of genetic resources, morphological and isozyme variability within and among 169 accessions, representing 14 species of the genus Medicago L. collected in northern Algeria, was assessed using twelve quantitative traits and two enzymatic systems. Phenotype frequencies were scored in six enzyme zones to determine isozyme variability within and among populations. The data analysis resolved a high level of genetic diversity. Ten morphometric characteristics contributed to the discrimination of the species. The relationship between the collection site environment and phenotypic characteristics was also studied. Esterase (EST) enzyme system was more polymorphic than glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) system. Were scored 2 zones with 10 bands and 21 phenotypes for GOT (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) and 4 zones with 22 bands and 71 phenotypes for EST (esterase) Polymorphism index and Jaccardâ€™s genetic distances revealed the existence of a high genetic diversity within and among the studied populations. The annual species M. polymorpha presented an intraspecific polymorphism index of 0.57, which was higher than all other species indices. Clustering of the species based on isozyme markers was in agreement with taxonomic criteria and showed no significant correlation with morphological characteristics. Conservation programs should take into account the level of genetic diversity within and between populations revealed by isozyme markers.
Biological Adsorption and Accumulation Analysis of Hizikia fusiforme Response to Copper Stress Conditions
Authors: LIN Lidong , LIN Jixiang , ZOU Huixi , WU Mingjiang
Published: July 2019

Coastal water pollution is an important environmental problem now days. Hizikia fusiforme is cultivated in coastal water, being considered as a healthy food. However, little information exists concerning on this species responses to copper stress conditions. Experiments were conducted to distinguish biological adsorption and biological accumulation of H. fusiforme in regard to copper stress; it was determined the long-term stress with lower concentrations of copper (0.25 mg/L and 0.50 mg/L) and short-term stress with higher concentrations of copper (1.5 mg/L and 3.0 mg/L) on H. fusiforme. Results suggested that H. fusiforme has different response to various copper stresses; lower concentration stress could significantly enhance the growth of H. fusiforme, while H. fusiforme growth was inhibited and mitigated injured by 0.25-0.50 mg/L copper stress. Under the highest stress, H. fusiforme was extremely harmed, the biomass loss was significant and dry weight/fresh weight was also significantly decreased. Results suggested that lower and higher concentrations of copper stress have different impacts on H. fusiforme; the biological adsorption amount is lower than that of biological accumulation amount under low copper stress conditions, but the biological adsorption amount is much higher under high concentration copper stress. A better understanding of H. fusiforme responses to heavy metal stress should bring more data about its physiological adaptation mechanism under such conditions.
Biochemical Status of Stock Plants and Their Annual Sprouts as a Crucial Key for Successful Adventitious Root Formation
Authors: OSTERC Gregor , STAMPAR Franci , SCHMITZER Valentina
Published: July 2019

Leafy cuttings of Prunus subhirtella Miq. â€˜Autumnalisâ€™ were harvested from mature, semi-mature and juvenile stock plants at four dates during the vegetative period 2011 (on 16th of May, on 30th of May, on 20th of June and on 11th of July) and their auxin levels (IAA, IAA-Asp) and sugar content (glucose, sucrose, sorbitol) were quantified. The IAA and IAA-Asp contents in cutting bases increased over the vegetative period, whereby aspartate values were higher than IAA values. The IAA-Asp values ranged from 6.3 Âµg g-1 to 22.7 Âµg g-1 FW and reached two great peaks on 30th of May and on 11th of July. The IAA values ranged from 0.29 Âµg g-1 to 4.51 Âµg g-1 FW, reaching a small fall on 20th of June. Significantly higher levels of IAA and IAA-Asp were measured at the base of mature cuttings compared to cuttings of semi-mature and juvenile origin, when the cuttings were harvested on 30th of May and on 11th of July. On the other hand, mature leafy cuttings accumulated significantly less fructose and glucose in their root emergence zone (16.3 g kg-1 DW, 45.2 g kg-1 DW) compared to semi-mature cuttings (26.4 g kg-1 DW, 62.5 g kg-1 DW) and juvenile cuttings (27.3 g kg-1 DW, 73.9 g kg-1 DW). All measured rooting parameters (rooting success, number of main roots and root length) were significantly improved when cuttings of a more juvenile origin (semi-mature and juvenile) were used.
Land Capability Classification for Crop and Fruit Product Assessment Using GIS Technology. Case Study: The Niraj River Basin (Transylvania Depression, Romania)
Authors: ROȘCA Sanda Maria , BILAŞCO Stefan , PĂCURAR Ioan , ONCU Marcel , NEGRUŞIER Cornel , PETREA Dănuț
Published: July 2019

The efficient capitalisation of agricultural land is dependent on determining the environmental suitability of the area and on identifying the most appropriate culture types for a particular terrain. Because of its complex landforms, the anthropic pressure and the irrational use of land on large surfaces, the Basin of Niraj River was the object of a reorganising process in the production activities, by emphasising the agricultural land use as a resource for sustainable development, which has been too long underexploited.Â  The technique of capability classification, in collaboration with the GIS techniques of spatial analysis, represents one of the most facile and concrete ways of identifying and creating an inventory of lands which fulfil the best conditions for the creation of orchards, through the use of specific indicators: climatic, morphometric, morphologic, pedologic. The present study created a new GIS model of spatial analysis, which could offer a new approach to the classical method of land capability classification. The identification of the areas which are suitable for fruit tree cultivation was based on this model by integrating the specific indicators into databases and GIS spatial analysis equations. The results of this study highlights the maps of the land favorability for apple trees, pear trees, plum trees, cherry trees, peach trees and apricot trees and a geodatabase materialization in the maps of quality classes for orchards.
Coefficient of Variation Can Identify the Most Important Effects of Experimental Treatments
Authors: LORENZO José Carlos , YABOR Lourdes , MEDINA Norma , QUINTANA Nicolás , WELLS Vanessa
Published: July 2019

Most agricultural experiments involve evaluation of multiple variables and at times it can be difficult to identify the biologically relevant effects of the experimental treatments after performing the traditional ANOVA, Tukey and t-tests. The coefficient of variation formula could be an important tool to focus ‘Result and Discussion’ sections only on the most important changes produced by the experimental treatments. This short report is intended to exemplify the use of the coefficient of variation in three plant physiology experiments. The first one dealt with the effects of common bean plantlet exposure to high temperature under controlled conditions (levels: 28 and 40 °C). The second experiment was related to common bean seed exposure to liquid nitrogen during five different periods of time (levels: 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The third experiment was bi-factorial: factor 1 was the ‘type of plant material’ (levels: pineapple plants genetically transformed and the untransformed control); and factor 2 was the ‘time of in vitro-plantlet hardening’ (levels: 0, 15 and 30 days). Contents of phenolics, aldehydes, chlorophylls and proteins were determined. Percentage of seed germination, electrolyte leakage, peroxidase activity, plant height and weight were also measured. Experiments were monofactorial with two levels, monofactorial with five levels and bifactorial, respectively, with randomized design. The coefficient of variation showed that the most remarkable effects of high temperature were recorded in free phenolics and chlorophylls (a, b, total). Electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll b concentration were the most modified indicators as a result of seed exposure to liquid nitrogen. In the third experiment, modification in the levels of malondialdehyde and other aldehydes were the most relevant changes resulting from factors interactions. A similar procedure has not been published, except for our previous publications, not focused on the use of the coefficient of variation, just on the biological results.
Introduction pages
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E.
Published: July 2019

Introduction Pages and Table of Contents
Mineral Composition of Red Clover under Rhizobium Inoculation and Lime Application in Acid Soil
Authors: STAJKOVIC-SRBINOVIC Olivera , DELIC Dušica , RASULIC Nataša , CAKMAK Dragan , KUZMANOVIC Djordje , SIKIRIC Biljana
Published: July 2019

In the present study the effects of Rhizobium inoculation and lime application on the mineral composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B) of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), in very acid soil were evaluated. Inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii significantly increased shoot dry weight (SDW) of red clover plants (three times greater), as well as N, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu contents in plants compared to the control. Application of lime and Rhizobium together, depending on the lime rate (3, 6 or 9 t ha-1 of lime) and the cut, increased SDW significantly, but decreased the contents of N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn and B in plants. Regardless of the changes, in all treatments in both cuts, contents of N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn in plants were among sufficiency levels (Mg content was elevated in the second cut), while Fe content was mainly high, as well as Cu (in the second cut). Contents of P and B in plants were somewhat lower than sufficiency levels, but above critical level. Therefore, red clover can be grown with satisfactory yield and mineral composition in acid soil with Rhizobium inoculation only, but the application of P and B fertilization is desirable.
Seasonal Changes in Leaf Tissue Rehydration of One Annual and Two Perennial Grass Forage Species Induced by Bioclimate
Authors: KAPSALI Eirini - Ia , KARATASSIOU Maria
Published: July 2019

Bioclimate signifies the continuous interplay between plants and climate factors (primarily drought) and has a direct impact on the water relations and the duration of the rehydration process in water stressed plants. To explore the association between bioclimate and water physiology of forage species in semi-arid Mediterranean grasslands, we determined the seasonal variation in leaf water potential, turgid weight and relative water content in wild growing Dactylis glomerata L., Bromus inermis Leyss (perennial) and Bromus sterilis L. (annual) during the growing season. The study was conducted at the farm of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The results of the current study reveal that B. sterilis maintained high levels of water potential most probably by accelerating its biological cycle and decreasing water content because it fails to sustain turgidity. Dactylis glomerata and B. inermis presented even higher water contents than B. sterilis for the same water potential. Dactylis glomerata exhibited substantially higher water potential and content than B. inermis by keeping the rehydration duration stable. The extensive creeping rhizome seems to allow B. inermis to sustain high values of water potential and content possibly ensuring turgidity. Regardless of the grass species the duration of rehydration ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 hours throughout the growing season. Our findings demonstrate that (a) D. glomerata and B. inermis are better adapted to Mediterranean semiarid conditions than B. sterilis and (b) turgid weight in Mediterranean forage species can safely be determined after a rehydration period of 3.5 hours.
Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Yields and Potential for Bioethanol Production under Irrigation Regime
Authors: BÂRSAN Simona C. , IVAN Ancuța Maria , LUCA Laura Cristina , LUCA Emil
Published: July 2019

The current study was carried out to analyse three sugar beet genotypes regarding to the economic yield and the potential to produce bioethanol, under the influence of furrow irrigation regime in specific conditions of Transylvanian Plain, North-West Romania. The research factors, genotype (‘Leila’, ‘Clementina’ and ‘Libero’) and irrigation regime were studied within a polyfactorial experimental design. The results obtained indicated that in specific climatic conditions of Transylvanian Plain, ‘Libero’ genotype had a great performance and produced the highest yields. The average production of ‘Libero’ genotype was superior than ‘Clementina’ and ‘Leila’ varieties, both in irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, as it follows: 38.98 t ha–1, respectively, 52.72 t ha–1 in the first year of research; 47.63 t ha–1, respectively, 59.73 t ha–1 (in the second year); 2014-60.87 t ha–1, respectively, 74.43 t ha–1 (in the third year). Moreover, the production increased with 11.5% under irrigated conditions for all the studied genotypes. The results also revealed the positive influence of the irrigation regime on the qualitative parameters of the bioethanol (ethanol, higher saturated monoalcohols, methanol, water, inorganic chloride, cooper, phosphorous, sulphur etc.) indicating that the obtained bioethanol might be a viable alternative for fossil fuels.
Germination and Dormancy in Annual Halophyte Juncus ranarius Song & Perr.
Authors: KOŁODZIEJEK Jeremi , PATYKOWSKI Jacek
Published: July 2019

The effects of cold stratification and gibberellic acid (GA3) on dormancy breaking for seeds of the annual halophyte species Juncus ranarius were tested. Germination percentage and recovery responses of salt stressed seeds were also tested. Freshly collected seeds germinated slowly under all incubation conditions. Thus, the seeds of J. ranarius have physiological dormancy, e.g. they are water permeable, have a fully developed embryo and require cold stratification to come out of dormancy. Furthermore, promotion of germination by GA3 after-ripening in dry storage also indicated that these seeds have non-deep physiological dormancy. In general, the higher the GA3 concentration, the more germination occurred within the studied range. Juncus ranarius demonstrated a germination preference for light. The highest germination percentage and rate of germination were recorded under constant light conditions at 22 Â°C after 24 weeks of cold stratification. In saline solutions, the highest percentage of germination was obtained at 25 mM L-1 NaCl, and further increase in salinity resulted in a gradual decrease in germination. However, ungerminated seeds were not damaged by salt, showing a high level of recovery. The greater the reduction in salinity, the better the germination rate became. It was concluded that dormancy could be completely broken by cold stratification, indicating spring germination. Juncus ranarius can grow well at lower NaCl concentrations under constant light conditions at 22 Â°C.
Gamma-ray Irradiation Induces Useful Morphological Variation in Bermudagrass
Authors: SEVER MUTLU Songul , DJAPO Haris , OZMEN Suleyman F. , SELIM Ceren , TUNCEL Nina
Published: July 2019

Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. is a widely used warm-season turfgrass species in warmer regions of the world. Gamma (É£) irradiation has been used to generate useful variations in turfgrass breeding for various morphological traits. The objective of the present study was to measure and determine variations in morphology and turfgrass characteristics of a native drought resistant bermudagrass germplasm irradiated with 70, 90 or 110 Gy using a 60Co source. The stolons containing a single node were irradiated and immediately planted for regeneration in a greenhouse at the Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. Selected mutants regenerated from the irradiated stolons were clonally propagated and transplanted into plastic pots for further observations of turfgrass characteristics.Â  Survival rates of stolons exposed to 70, 90 and 110 Gy were 76%, 43% and 17% respectively, 6 weeks after treatment. Dosages of 85 and 57 Gy were determined as LD50 and LD20 for the cuttings, respectively. The linear reduction of survival rate with increasing gamma-rays was highly correlated (r2=0.99). A total of four mutant lines (0.3 % of the irradiated plants) showed a distinct dwarfed growth habit. Three of these lines were originated from 70 Gy and one from 110 Gy. These mutant lines exhibited more dwarf growth habit, higher shoot density, finer leaf texture than parental genotype. Mutant lines developed in this study can be used for the development of improved bermudagrass cultivars for landscaping and sports turf.
Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Structure at Fine Scale of an Endangered Moroccan Endemic Tree (Argania spinosa L. Skeels) Based on ISSR Polymorphism
Authors: MOUHADDAB Jamila , AIT AABD Naima , ACHTAK Hafid , MSANDA Fouad , ZAHIDI Abdelaziz , FILALI-MALTOUF Abdelkarim , FERRADOUSS Abderrahim , EL MODAFAR Cherkaoui , NEJMEDDINE Mohamed , EL MOUSADIK Abdelhamid
Published: July 2019

The preservation of the diversity of endangered populations of argan trees, in their natural habitat, is a crucial step toward their conservation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of the argan trees in the wild, and to establish a phylogenetic map using DNA fingerprints. The ultimate goal was to develop a core set that would represent the existing diversity in the whole germplasm. In regard to this, 200 samples of Argania spinosa individual trees were collected from 10 different provenances in the region of Essaouira (Morocco). The genetic variation between and within these argan trees was investigated using previously described Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers. These markers generated a total of 149 fragments, in which 148 (99.33%) were polymorphic. The samples collected in the â€˜Ouled Lhajâ€™ provenance showed the lowest diversity (% of polymorphic locus P=48.32%; genetic diversity Nei h=0.153; allelic richness A=1.483), compared to those collected in the â€˜Mramerâ€™ provenance (%P=68.46%; h=0.233; A=1.685). Also, the results showed a high level of genetic differentiation among provenances (AMOVA=44%, Gst=0.40), and a limited gene flow (Nm=0.73) between the provenances. In addition, these data suggested a low correlation between the genetic diversity of the tree and their respective geographical location in relation to the proximity to the littoral. Finally, a core collection of 13 genotypes that represent the essential of the detected diversity was established. The distribution pattern of this genetic diversity provides an important baseline data for the conservation strategies of argan tree species in the wild.
Identification of Discriminant Factors after Exposure of Maize and Common Bean Plantlets to Abiotic Stresses
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ Lázaro , LOYOLA-GONZÁLEZ Octavio , VALLE Bárbara , MARTÍNEZ Julia , DÍAZ-LÓPEZ Leyanes , ARAGÓN Carlos , VICENTE Oscar , PAPENBROCK Jutta , TRETHOWAN Richard , YABOR Lourdes , LORENZO José Carlos
Published: July 2019

Adverse environmental conditions limit crop yield and better understanding of plant response to stress will assist the development of more tolerant cultivars. Maize and common bean plantlets were evaluated under salinity, high temperature, drought and waterlogged conditions to identify biochemical markers which could be useful for rapid identification of putative stress tolerant plants. The levels of phenolics (free, cell wall-linked, total), aldehydes including malondialdehyde andchlorophylls (a, b, total) were measured on stressed plantlets. Only two indicators were statistically non-significant: chlorophyll b in maize plantlets stressed with sodium chloride and malondialdehyde content in drought stressed maize. The most remarkable effects of abiotic stresses can be summarized as follows: (i) salinity increased levels of free phenolics in maize plantlets and chlorophylls (a, b, total) in common bean; (ii) high temperature (40 °C) elevated levels of chlorophylls (a, b, total) in maize but decreased chlorophylls (a, b, total) and free phenolics in common bean; (iii) drought increased phenolics and decreased chlorophylls (a, b, total) in maize and increased chlorophyll pigments (a, b, total) in common bean; (iv) waterlogging increased free phenolics and decreased chlorophylls (a, b, total) in maize and increased chlorophyll (a, total) incommon bean. Free phenolics and chlorophylls, especially a, were the most responsive indicators to stress and can, therefore, be considered putative biochemical markers for abiotic stress tolerance in maize and common bean. The use of Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis to differentiate non-stressed and stressed plants in breeding programs is also a novel aspect of this report. Fisher’s linear discriminant functions classified correctly 100% of non-stressed or stressed originally grouped plants.
Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Simulated Climate Changes by Reciprocal Translocation in Tibetan Plateau
Authors: SHI Zhaoyong , YIN Xubin , MICKAN Bede , WANG Fayuan , ZHANG Ying , LI Yingnian , SHEN Haihua
Published: July 2019

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are considered as an important factor in predicting plants and ecosystem responses to climate changes on a global scale. The Tibetan Plateau is the highest region on Earth with abundant natural resources and one of the most sensitive region to climate changes. To evaluate the complex response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and spore density to climate changes, a reciprocal translocation experiment was employed in Tibetan Plateau. The reciprocal translocation of quadrats to AM colonization and spore density were dynamic. Mycorrhizal colonization frequency presented contrary changed trend with elevations of quadrat translocation. Colonization frequency reduced or increased in majority quadrats translocated from low to high or from high to low elevation. Responses of colonization intensity to translocation of quadrats were more sensitive than colonization frequency. Arbuscular colonization showed inconsistent trend in increased or decreased quadrat. Vesicle colonization decreased with changed of quadrat from low to high elevations. However, no significant trend was observed. Although spore density was dynamic with signs of decreasing or increasing in translocated quadrats, the majority enhanced and declined respectively in descent and ascent quadrat treatments. It is crucial to understand the interactions between AM fungi and prairie grasses to accurately predict effects of climate change on these diverse and sensitive ecosystems. This study provided an opportunity for understanding the effect of climate changes on AM fungi.
Effects of NaCl Stress on the Growth and Physiological Changes in Oat (Avena sativa) Seedlings
Authors: MU Yongguang , LIN Jixiang , MU Chunsheng , GAO Zhanwu
Published: July 2019

TheÂ oatÂ (Avena sativa) is aÂ kindÂ ofÂ cereal grain, which has high saline-alkali tolerance. This experiment was carried out to investigate and compare the growth and physiologicalÂ changes of oat seedling. Oat was grown under five concentrations of NaCl stress (48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 mmolL-1). The results showed that NaCl stress had no effect on the survival rate and organic acids. With the increasing of the NaCl concentration, tiller number, the chlorophyll, K+, Ca2+, NO3-, H2PO4- contents, shoot length, the shoot biomass, and shoot water content were decreased significantly. However, the Cl-, Na+, Na+/K+, SO42- and proline contents were extremely increased. K+, Ca2+, dry weight, and water content of shoots changed greater than that of roots. While Na+ and Na+/K+ of shoots changed less than that of roots. When NaCl concentration was less than 96 mmolL-1, the length, dry weight, and water content of roots had no significant changes. Based on this investigation, it can be concluded that oat seedlings accumulated more proline, Cl- and SO42- to maintaining osmotic and ion balance. In addition, NaClÂ stressÂ hadÂ noÂ significantÂ effectÂ onÂ the growthÂ ofÂ roots, and the roots can play the interceptive and protective role with a stronger salt tolerance. The roots can change the distribution of Na+, then it decreased the harm on the shoots and increased the tolerance of oat seedling.