bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges, consequences, and possible paths for confronting post-COVID-19 health inequalities and vulnerabilities
Authors: Miranda Wanessa Debôrtoli de , Silveira Fabrício , Santos Fausto Pereira dos , Magalhães Junior Helvécio Miranda , Paes-Sousa Rômulo
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT The article aims to discuss the challenges and consequences of health inequalities and vulnerabilities, focusing on current phenomena that have reshaped such context, namely financial crisis, fiscal austerity, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Differences between levels of access to wealth and opportunities among and within countries belonging to different income groups create and perpetuate social inequalities that frequently become health inequities. It is challenging to understand both the recent changes and the persistence of inequalities and social stratification, and the issue has thus taken on new dimensions that extrapolate studies focused exclusively on income distribution. The financial crisis, fiscal austerity, and the COVID-19 pandemic have aggravated preexisting health inequalities. Thus, the issue of inequalities in health should be an intrinsic part of public policy, with clear and stable standards and objectives based on explicit political agreements and a legal framework with sustainability ensured by an adequate financing policy. Only then will it be possible to achieve greater levels of equity, even in the face of dramatic situations such the one now faced by the world.
A contribuição da logística para o fortalecimento da produção nacional e para o acesso universal no âmbito do SUS
Authors: Bastos Denilson Sant Ana , Gadelha Carlos Augusto Grabois
Published: May 2023

RESUMO Objetivou-se apontar os elementos essenciais da logística que contribuem para a promoção do acesso no contexto do sistema produtivo da saúde, visando articular a produção nacional, reduzir a dependência externa para viabilizar o acesso universal e o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em um contexto de pandemia e crise sanitária. Utilizou-se como estratégia metodológica uma pesquisa qualitativa de base bibliográfica sobre os conceitos de sistemas de saúde, saúde pública e acesso a medicamentos e vacinas, somados ao perfil dos operadores logísticos nacionais e à operacionalização do plano nacional de imunização contra a Covid-19 do Ministério da Saúde. Concluiu-se que a logística desempenha papel fundamental na promoção do acesso às tecnologias em saúde, sendo necessário empreender esforços em pesquisas que incluam os atores do setor produtivo capazes de contribuir com a elaboração de políticas públicas na área da saúde. Os elementos centrais da logística precisam ser ressaltados para o fortalecimento de uma agenda que articule o Complexo Econômico-Industrial da Saúde com o acesso universal, pensando nos fatores logísticos como elementos críticos sem os quais o acesso não se materializa. É necessário que os sistemas logísticos sejam pensados como recurso dos sistemas de saúde para viabilizar sua integralidade e sustentabilidade.
Desastres com petróleo e ações governamentais ante os impactos socioambientais e na saúde: scoping review
Authors: Santos Romário Correia dos , Gurgel Aline do Monte , Silva Lucas lago Moura da , Santos Liliana , Rêgo Rita de Cássia Franco , Gurgel Idê Gomes Dantas , Santos Mariana Olívia Santana dos
Published: May 2023

RESUMO Este artigo teve por objetivo analisar as ações desenvolvidas pelos governos para o enfrentamento dos impactos socioambientais e na saúde em decorrência dos desastres envolvendo petróleo no mundo. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo realizada na Bireme, Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane Library e Embase, considerando artigos publicados entre 1973 e 2021. As buscas efetuadas nas bases de dados resultaram em 22 artigos sobre 10 desastres de petróleo ao redor do mundo em três continentes (Ásia, América e Europa), cujas causas dos desastres foram encalhe (3), naufrágio (1), colisão (2), derrame (3) e explosão (1). As ações desenvolvidas foram caracterizadas como intersetoriais, econômicas, ambientais e na saúde, sendo que as mais frequentes foram ações ambientais e econômicas. Nas ações desenvolvidas, observaram-se críticas ao controle, mitigação ou prevenção dos danos instantâneos ou futuros decorrentes dos desastres por petróleo, sendo essa uma agenda ainda em aberto para os movimentos sociais na luta pela garantia de um ambiente saudável, promotor de saúde e com preservação de toda a sua biodiversidade. Conclui-se que as ações para o enfrentamento dos desastres por petróleo nos diferentes países parecem ter sido incipientes, revelando uma incapacidade governamental de orientar o enfrentamento dos impactos desse evento inusitado.
O AMBIENTE DIGITAL TRADCORPUS: PROPOSTA DE REPOSITÓRIO DE DADOS DE CORPORA ON-LINE PARA O ENSINO DE LÍNGUAS ESTRANGEIRAS E DE TRADUÇÃO
Authors: Serpa Talita , Pinto Paula Tavares , Sbrogio Renata de Oliveira , Camargo Diva Cardoso de
Published: May 2023

RESUMO O presente artigo apresenta a interface inicial do repositório Tradução e Corpora On-line para Formação de Competências Profissionais (TRADCorpus), que visa fornecer corpora abertos multilíngues, paralelos e comparáveis como recurso para o ensino e aprendizagem de Tradução e de competências linguísticas em múltiplos pares de línguas tais como Português ↔ Inglês ↔ Espanhol ↔ Francês ↔ Italiano ↔ Alemão. As teorias utilizadas para construir este conjunto de dados seguem principalmente os conceitos de Data-Driven Learning, bem como a Pedagogia de Tradução Baseada em Corpus, que promovem um processo de utilização eficaz dos corpora para a realização de tarefas de ensino e de Tradução. Essa coleção de materiais, bem como uma lista de ferramentas computacionais, está disponível para professores de línguas, tradutores e estudantes que podem acessar arquivos e atividades produzidas por diferentes usuários e podem também partilhar as suas próprias produções. A maioria dos corpora, listas de palavras, palavras-chave, colocados são resultados da pesquisa desenvolvida pelos grupos "Tradução, Terminologia e Corpora" e "En-Corpora": Ensino Baseado e Dirigido por Corpora" (CNPq).
Impacto da dor cervical, da mobilidade e do índice de massa corporal no controle postural de professores
Authors: Dias Ana Carolina Marcotti , Ciquinato Daiane Soares de Almeida , Marchiori Luciana Lozza de Moraes , Andraus Rodrigo Antonio Carvalho
Published: May 2023

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o impacto da cervicalgia, mobilidade cervical e índice de massa corporal no controle postural de professores. Métodos: estudo transversal com 54 professores da rede estadual de ensino, com média de idade de 46,5 ± 9,3 anos, dos quais: 68,5% (n = 37) eram do sexo feminino. A coleta de dados teve como base os seguintes instrumentos: Craniocervical Dysfunction Index (versão brasileira), plataforma de força na posição bipodal e semitandem, escala visual analógica, índice de mobilidade cervical e índice de massa corporal. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada estatística não paramétrica e análise de regressão linear múltipla, com nível de significância p<0,05 e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: os professores com cervicalgia e comprometimento severo da mobilidade cervical tiveram maior alteração do controle postural na posição semitandem. Na posição bipodal, aqueles com leve alteração da mobilidade e dor cervical apresentaram menor deslocamento total, assim como professores obesos demostraram menor amplitude de movimento nas direções anteroposterior e médio-lateral. Conclusão: os professores com cervicalgia e comprometimento severo da mobilidade cervical tiveram pior controle postural. Já os obesos apresentaram menor amplitude total em ambas as direções do movimento.
Desenvolvimento alimentar de crianças com microcefalia: estudo descritivo
Authors: Vasconcelos Manuela Leitão de , Alves Giorvan Ânderson dos Santos , Lima-Filho Luiz Medeiros de Araujo , Pernambuco Leandro
Published: May 2023

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever características relacionadas à alimentação de crianças com microcefalia, considerando via de alimentação, consistência e utensílios utilizados. Métodos: estudo descritivo, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Participaram 34 cuidadores de crianças com diagnóstico de microcefalia. Foi realizada entrevista estruturada com os cuidadores quanto à via de alimentação, amamentação, utensílios para oferta e consistência do alimento, além de aspectos sociodemográficos e de desenvolvimento global. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva, apresentada por meio de frequências absoluta e percentual, e medidas de posição e dispersão. Resultados: os 34 cuidadores que compuseram a amostra eram responsáveis por 34 crianças nascidas entre os anos de 2015 e 2018 com diagnóstico de microcefalia de causas diversas. Dessas, 33 (97,02%) alimentaram-se por via oral durante o primeiro ano de vida, sendo que 26 (76,44%) foram amamentadas, nove delas (26,46%) de forma exclusiva até o sexto mês. Para oferta do alimento foram utilizados mamadeira, copo, colher e seringa. A consistência alimentar mais aceita pelas crianças foi a pastosa. Conclusões: observa-se baixa prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo até o sexto mês, atraso na progressão de consistências, uso de utensílios inadequados para a idade e necessidade de adaptações para as crianças que se mantiveram em alimentação por via oral.
Clinical evolution of dysphagic patients after malignant infarction and decompressive craniectomy: a case series
Authors: Duarte Caroline Matavelli Castelar , Figueiredo Naiany Nascimento da Silva , Sant´Anna Romeu Vale , Chaves Tatiana Simões , Mourão Aline Mansueto
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize clinical-neurological factors and the functional swallowing capacity of patients with malignant infarction submitted to decompressive craniectomy during the hospital stay. This retrospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted between January 2020 and December 2021. The following data regarding up to eight stages were extracted for descriptive analysis: age, location of the lesion, level of awareness according to the Glasgow Coma Scale, neurological impairment according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and the functional swallowing capacity according to the Functional Oral Intake Scale. Data on five patients were collected, with a mean of 0.2 days for the first neurological assessment. Decompressive craniectomy was performed in a mean of 2 days after admission. The speech-language-hearing assessment occurred in a mean of 8.2 days, and the speech-language-hearing discharge took a mean of 35.4 days. The neurological impairment score remained the same as in the first neurological assessment after decompressive craniectomy, with a mean score of 16.6. The functional swallowing capacity was the same in the first assessment after decompressive craniectomy, on FOIS level 1, improving considerably by the discharge, with a mean level of 4.8. It is concluded that clinical-neurological factors can interfere with the functional swallowing capacity, although they did not hinder either speech-language-hearing treatment or their evolution to a full oral diet during the hospital stay.
Evolução clínica de pacientes disfágicos pós-AVCi maligno e craniectomia descompressiva: série de casos
Authors: Duarte Caroline Matavelli Castelar , Figueiredo Naiany Nascimento da Silva , Sant´Anna Romeu Vale , Chaves Tatiana Simões , Mourão Aline Mansueto
Published: May 2023

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho é caracterizar fatores clínicos-neurológicos e capacidade funcional de deglutição de pacientes com Acidente Vascular Cerebral Isquêmico Maligno submetidos a craniectomia descompressiva durante internação hospitalar. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo, realizado de janeiro de 2020 a dezembro de 2021. Os dados foram extraídos em até oito momentos, incluindo idade, local da lesão, nível de consciência de acordo com Glasgow, comprometimento neurológico pelo National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale e capacidade funcional de deglutição pela Escala Funcional de Ingestão por Via Oral. Realizou-se análise descritiva. Foram coletados dados de 5 pacientes sendo a média de tempo para primeira avaliação neurológica de 0,2 dias. A realização da craniectomia descompressiva levou em média 2 dias após admissão. Avaliação fonoaudiológica ocorreu, em média, 8,2 dias e alta fonoaudiológica levou, em média, 35,4 dias. O comprometimento neurológico manteve-se na pontuação da primeira avaliação neurológica pós-craniectomia descompressiva, média de 16,6. A capacidade funcional de deglutição foi a mesma na primeira avaliação pós-craniectomia descompressiva, com nível 1 na FOIS, melhorando consideravelmente, com média de nível 4,8, na alta. Concluiu-se que fatores clínicos-neurológicos podem interferir na capacidade funcional de deglutição, contudo não limitaram a atuação fonoaudiológica e evolução com dieta oral exclusiva na internação hospitalar.
Impacto da privação do espaço físico escolar no desenvolvimento infantil durante a pandemia: percepção de familiares de crianças em idade pré-escolar
Authors: Vita Gabriela Gomes Prado de Almeida , Jorge Tatiane Martins
Published: May 2023

RESUMO Objetivos: caracterizar o contexto familiar e escolar de crianças matriculadas em pré-escolas durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em 2020 e verificar os efeitos da privação do ambiente físico escolar no desenvolvimento infantil, na percepção dos familiares, em relação aos aspectos cognitivo-linguísticos, socioemocionais e motores. Métodos: participaram 139 familiares de crianças com idade entre um e cinco anos e 11 meses, residentes no estado de São Paulo, que responderam um questionário online sobre a caracterização do contexto familiar e escolar e impacto nos aspectos cognitivo-linguístico, socioemocional e motor. Utilizaram-se os testes estatísticos Qui-quadrado, Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney, com valores significantes para p≤5%. Resultados: para as crianças maiores, houve associação entre aumento de mudança de escola (p=0,0192) e maior prejuízo no aspecto socioemocional (p=0,0011). No aspecto cognitivo-linguístico, as crianças menores sentiram menos efeitos positivos (p=0,0137). A ausência do ambiente escolar e os efeitos gerais da pandemia influenciaram negativamente (p=0,0404; p=0,0134). Conclusão: os familiares apresentavam em média 36 anos, nível superior de instrução e atividades laborais remotas. As crianças, matriculadas em escolas públicas ou privadas, recebiam atividades online. Todas as crianças foram expostas a telas e a maioria por quatro horas ou mais. O aspecto socioemocional foi mais prejudicado, seguido do cognitivo-linguístico. Os efeitos negativos superaram os positivos.
Interdisciplinary and interinstitutional simulation and cooperation: development of nursing students competencies in disaster
Authors: Santos Paulo Alexandre Figueiredo dos , Batista Rui Carlos Negrão , Coutinho Verónica Rita Dias , Rabiais Isabel Cristina Mascarenhas
Published: May 2023

Abstract Objective to identify the importance attributed to simulated practice use in nursing undergraduate students’ pedagogic actions in the field of disasters, in an interdisciplinary and interinstitutional scope in Portugal. Methods a study framed in the qualitative paradigm, supported by inductive and exploratory reasoning. As a data collection technique, semi-structured interviews were applied to coordinators/directors of nursing courses at public and private schools in Portugal. Results simulation methodology in the field of disasters is a teaching/learning strategy for nursing students to develop skills in this area. This type of teaching/learning methodology will have a greater advantage if carried out in partnership with organizations involved in protection and rescue operations and with an interdisciplinary scope, since it enhances prevention quality and response of all actors involved. Final considerations and implications for practice considering the specific complexity and unpredictability of disaster situations, the establishment of strategic cooperation partnerships with organizations with responsibility in this field, which promotes the development of nursing students’ skills and reduces the erroneous deterministic view of organizations, regarding the ability of students to integrate these actions, is fundamental.
Tradução, adaptação e validação transcultural para o português brasileiro do questionário de Avaliação da Proteção Auditiva (APA)
Authors: Bramati Luciana , Gonçalves Claudia Giglio de Oliveira , Marques Jair Mendes , Reddy Ravi , Welch David , Lacerda Adriana Bender de Moreira
Published: May 2023

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi traduzir, adaptar e validar transculturalmente a versão para língua portuguesa brasileira do questionário Hearing Protection Assessment Questionnaire (HPA). Método O instrumento original, desenvolvido na língua inglesa, buscou avaliar as barreiras e suportes relacionados ao uso dos dispositivos de proteção auditiva (DPA), assim como o conhecimento, hábitos e atitudes dos trabalhadores frente ao ruído ocupacional. A tradução, adaptação e validação transcultural do questionário foi composta de cinco etapas: Tradução do questionário do inglês para o português; 2) Processo inverso de tradução do português para o inglês; 3) Análise do instrumento por três especialistas na área; 4) Pré-teste do questionário com 10 trabalhadores; 5) Aplicação do instrumento em 509 trabalhadores de uma indústria frigorífica após o exame admissional. Resultados os resultados indicam a validade de construção e conteúdo da versão em Português Brasileiro para o seu uso com uma população trabalhadora e a consistência interna do mesmo. Conclusão Este estudo resultou na tradução, na adaptação cultural e validação do questionário Hearing Protection Assessment Questionnaire (HPA) com a finalidade de ser usado para avaliar o uso de proteção auditiva individual em âmbito ocupacional, denominado Questionário de Avaliação da Proteção Auditiva (APA).
Historia clínica electrónica: miradas críticas de médicos del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Krause Mercedes , Petracci Mónica , Elicabe Emilia , Zoya Paula G. Rodríguez , Schwarz Patricia Karina Natalia , Ridao Marina
Published: May 2023

Resumen Los procesos de digitalización del siglo XX extendieron el uso de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación al campo de la salud. El artículo aborda la Historia Clínica Electrónica a partir de las críticas y debilidades señaladas por especialistas en Clínica Médica, Medicina General y/o de Familia del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El diseño metodológico cualitativo incluyó 43 entrevistas realizadas entre junio de 2019 y marzo de 2020. El andamiaje teórico interpretativo articula tres campos: Comunicación y Salud; Biomedicina, Biopolítica y Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación; Subjetividad, Derechos y Género. Los principales resultados conciernen a cambios en las relaciones médico-paciente, registro y uso de datos, implicancias sobre los derechos y las subjetividades, potencialidades y problemáticas de la informatización en salud en un contexto de precaria infraestructura, desafíos en la regulación y desigualdades estructurales.
Desafios da formação docente em cursos de Enfermagem no norte do Brasil na perspectiva da Educação Interprofissional
Authors: Souza Sanay Vitorino de , Ferreira Beatriz Jansen , Rossit Rosana Aparecida Salvador
Published: May 2023

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os desafios da formação desenvolvida pelos docentes atuantes em cursos de Enfermagem da região norte do Brasil, na perspectiva da Educação Interprofissional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e qualitativa realizada em universidades públicas. Doze docentes participaram de entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo e cinco categorias foram selecionadas: 1) Compromisso do ensino e do trabalho com a integralidade do cuidado; 2) Aprimoramento do ensino, pesquisa e extensão na perspectiva da educação interprofissional; 3) Atuação integrada entre os profissionais da Saúde; 4) Necessidade de desenvolvimento docente alinhado aos princípios da educação interprofissional; e 5) Educação Permanente em Saúde como estratégia indutora do ensino e prática interprofissional. A Educação Interprofissional é um campo robusto e complexo. Logo, é fundamental uma prática docente capaz de empreender processos formativos inovadores, induzindo mudanças que impactem positivamente a formação e o trabalho em saúde.
Voices are much more than a symptom
Authors: Oliveira Loraine Oltmann de , Stefanello Sabrina , Santos Deivisson Vianna Dantas dos , Miranda Giovana Ferreira de Freitas , Motter Arlete Ana
Published: May 2023

Abstract The international Hearing Voices Movement, which emerged in the 1980s, understands the phenomenon of hearing voices not just as a symptom, but helps in the development of strategies to deal with these voices. The objective of this study was to understand how people who participated in groups of voice hearers in the Brazilian health system dealt with such experiences. This was a qualitative research study, carried out in 2020, with data collection from in-depth interviews and field diary, analyzed using content analysis. Adult participants (4) attended the group for more than a month. It was possible to explore the individual coping strategies developed from the experiences of each one with their voices. The group was also an instrument of socialization and, from the normalization of the experience, of greater self-acceptance and reduction of stigma.
Dimensions of harassment at school: dialogs about gender with young high school students in São Paulo/Brazil
Authors: Silva Cristiane Gonçalves da , Leite Vanessa Jorge , Pontes Júlia Clara de , Santos Fernanda Farias dos , Oliveira João Vitor Saldanha de , Hiraishi Vitória Lopes , Pereira Sasha Cruz Alves , Simões Júlio Assis
Published: May 2023

Abstract In this article, we discuss uses of “harassment” as a category employed by young students from public high schools to make sense of violence and gender discrimination experiences that occur in and out of school. The analysis is based on fieldwork records produced within the scope of a multicenter, mixed-methods research carried out in nine schools located in São Paulo. Harassment appears as a polysemic category that, by naming violence, helps to face gender and generation hierarchies and inequalities. We infer that the young girls have questioned norms and attitudes that feed gender inequalities in schools; in addition, they have denounced the silence or inadequacy of the institution in facing the problem. This enables to identify convergences with a new sensibility regarding violence against women that globalized feminist discourses have brought to the surface.
Breastfeeding as a human right: construction of educational material by the voice of women
Authors: Lutterbach Flavia Gama Corrêa , Serra Giane Moliari Amaral , Souza Thais Salema Nogueira de
Published: May 2023

Abstract Breastfeeding is recognized as a determining practice in the promotion of women’s and children’s health. To protect it is to act in guaranteeing Food and Nutrition Security. The aim of this study is to describe the process of creating educational material to promote breastfeeding in the hospital environment. This is a qualitative study, involving semi-structured interviews with 13 women assisted in a public maternity hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, followed by the development and evaluation of the resource. The material was created based on principles of food and nutrition education, on the women’s narratives and on the comprehension of breastfeeding as a human right. It was concluded that the participation of those who breastfeed in the preparation of the material provided the opportunity for protagonism and the representation of concrete experiences about this practice.
A SCALABLE TRANSFORMER MODEL FOR REAL-TIME DECISION MAKING IN NEUTRON SCATTERING EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Yin Junqi , Liu Siyan , Reshniak Viktor , Wang Xiaoping , Zhang Guannan
Published: May 2023

The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) neutron research facilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), including the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), are a state-of-the-art neutron scattering facility that allows researchers to study the structure and dynamics of materials at the atomic scale. At the SNS, neutrons are measured using the time-of-flight (TOF) technique as they move through a neutron beamline to interact with a sample. Large volumes of neutron scattering data are collected and recorded in neutron event mode. Optimal productivity of the TOF instrument is limited due to the lack of real-time data analysis tools. The large amount of data generated by the experiments can be challenging to process and analyze in real time, particularly for experiments that require rapid feedback and adjustment of experimental parameters. The regular computer/workstation cannot keep up with the experiment speed to provide real-time feedback to adjust experimental parameters, so connecting the supercomputers available to the neutron facility is necessary to achieve real-time data analysis and experiment steering. To address this challenge, we exploit the Frontier supercomputer at Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) to train a scalable temporal fusion transformer model for real-time decision making of TOF neutron scattering experimentation. In this paper, we present the results using Frontier to provide the processing power needed to rapidly process and analyze large volumes of single-crystal diffraction data collected at TOPAZ, a neutron time-of-flight Laue single-crystal diffractometer at the SNS.
Boundaries of Disease: Disease and Risk
Authors: Boorse Christopher
Published: May 2023

Abstract Increasingly, medical care targets conditions, like hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, which are defined as ranges of some clinical variable, not by any concrete physical pathology. These ranges are usually chosen from data on modifiable risk, as well as by other empirical consequences. Such purported disease categories face three main criticisms, one practical and two conceptual. The practical issue is overdiagnosis: the fear that more people suffer harm than benefit from such diagnoses. The second issue is Schwartz’s and Accad’s complaint that disease and risk of disease must not be confused. The third issue is that most of the literature on risk-based diseases wrongly assumes a conceptual connection between disease and medical treatment. In this essay I analyze these issues about risk-based diseases from the viewpoint of my biostatistical analysis of health and disease. I reach no conclusion on the first, the overdiagnosis of specific conditions. But I conclude that the two conceptual criticisms are wholly valid: in traditional medical thought, neither risk nor treatability implies pathologicity. So Pickering was right: current categories of hypertension, high cholesterol, and the like are not true diseases, nor even diagnostic criteria for true diseases. They are, at best, only categories of justified medical treatment.
A Prospective Observational Study on Changing Trends of Antiepileptics Prescription Amongst Physicians in India
Authors: Gupta Sanjay , Garg Mukesh , Mehta Sejal , Sen Deepak
Published: May 2023

Epilepsy is one of the common neurological disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Multiple class of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are available which makes it difficult to select an appropriate drug therapy for epilepsy. With introduction of newer generation of antiepileptics, the drug Pool has become wider. Factors which determine the selection of therapy includes seizure type, adverse effect, drug-drug interaction, age, pregnancy, cost of treatment and drug compliance. Though the older generation of antiepileptics were effective in controlling seizures, we found that newer generation of antiepileptics are gaining popularity among the prescriber. Reason for this shift being, better efficacy, fewer side effect and better compliance by the patients. We completed the study with the conclusion that newer antiepileptic especially levetiracetam, are more preferred by doctors in comparison with older antiepileptic drugs for control of seizures, though previous generation of antiepileptics has still role in management of epilepsy and individualistic approach is needed in choosing appropriate antiepileptics.
PURPOSEFUL AND ADAPTIVE LEADERSHIP: Characteristics of Jokowi's Strategic Policies to Fight the Covid-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Riyadi St. Eko
Published: May 2023

The pandemic of the Covid-19 has become a strategic surprise that called leaders of the world to make purposeful and adaptive decisions. In a pandemic characterized by VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity), the uncertainty and unpredictability of changes are the most visible characteristics. A good leader will be known from his/her capacity to handle this uncertainty and unpredictability with his/her strategic decisions to find creative solutions. The objective of this study is to make an observation on Jokowi’s political decisions during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Did he represent characteristics of a purposelful and adaptive leader to find creative solutions amidst the pros and cons of the people during the Covid-19 pandemic? Accademic literatures on his strategic decisions such as the Large Scale Social Restriction, establishment of the Covid-19 Task Force, provision of health service centers, establishment of information centers, military/police mobilization, provision of socioeconomic protection, and his political decisions will be the sources of information on which the discussion about his leadership will be built. He presented himself as a leader who carefully consider the goals/targets, ways/methods, and means of achieving the targets. He showed the courage to make strategic decisions, was creative in problem-solving, and was always present in the midst of humanitarian disasters. His leadership is characterized by clear purpose to keep people’s well-being in the time of crisis with an flexibility to choose creative solution to the problem.
Social inequalities in health. The case of Diabetes Mellitus: cross sectional study among the Galician population
Authors: Rey Maria , Docampo Manuel
Published: May 2023

The relationship between social circumstances and health is widely assumed by the scientific community. It can be said that inequality is cause and effect of the disease. This work adds to the epidemiological work on Diabetes Mellitus (DM), but in this case, it emphasizes the influence of social factors. The objective is to illustrate how diabetes mellitus impacts on the population, according to their socioeconomic conditions. First, this paper reviews most recent theories supporting the association between social factors and disease. Also, to achieve the purposed goals, an exhaustive exploitation of secondary data has been carried out. Data were mainly gathered from the National Health Survey, carried out by the Statistics National Institute on a sample of 37.500 individuals, in Spain, in year 2017. Besides, an ad hoc survey among the diabetic population was carried out in the Galician region, at the northwestern Spain, Sample size was fixed, in this case, on 512 diabetics. From these collected data, statistical tests were performed, such as contingency tables and other association tests, to check the relationship between the dependent variable prevalence of diabetes and explicatory variables social class, family income and educational level. Among the results, we can indicate an inverse relationship between social class and the prevalence of diabetes, which is higher among people with fewer resources and, especially, with a lower educational level.
An insight into genetics of congenital heart defects associated with Down syndrome
Authors: Ganguly Agnish , Halder Pinku , Pal Upamanyu , Ghosh Sujay
Published: May 2023

Down syndrome is the most frequent live born human aneuploidy. Down syndrome is characterized by a set of phenotypically identified dysmorphism and various congenital malformations of which congenital heart defects is seen in about 50% of all cases. Atrio-ventricular Septal Defect is the most common form of congenital heart defect observed in Down syndrome. However, the exact molecular cause underlying the incidence of congenital heart defects and its differential phenotypic expression in DS are still not perfectly understood. In this review we have brought together findings from different studies and discussed multiple perspectives of the genetics of congenital cardiac defects in trisomy 21 background, viz., the contributions of triplicated dosage of chromosome 21 genes along with the effect of mutations in non- chromosome 21 disomic genes. Further, the roles of copy number variation and microRNAs have been discussed. We have also tried to shed light on the role of folate metabolism gene polymorphisms on congenital cardiac anomalies observed in Down syndrome. Lastly, we summarized the role of genes from different signaling pathways involved in cardiogenesis and also the recent developments in understanding of Down syndrome associated congenital heart defect from the studies on mice models. This review provides an overview regarding current state-of-art of knowledge related to Down syndrome associated congenital heart defects based on what have been discovered so far in this domain and hints at what prospect of research lies in this field in the future.
Inter-Cultural Communication Skills Training in Medical Schools: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cooling Nick , Rahman Urna
Published: May 2023

Background Effective intercultural communication skills are an essential graduate outcome for medical students in a globalised world. Educational theory would suggest that combining an understanding of cultural competence with patient centred communication skills through an experiential, immersive, reflective and longitudinal curriculum may be the most effective way to develop intercultural communication skills. Aims To determine the scope and most effective teaching methods in training medical students in intercultural communication with ethnically diverse populations. Method A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PRISMA Guidelines to identify articles that described methods for teaching intercultural communication to medical students. A search of the literature was performed in five databases: Cochrane, EMBASE, ERIC, PubMed and Web of Science. Relevant papers were interrogated for impact (Kirkpatrick level), quality (Colthart scale) and learning mechanism. Results We found 22 studies that described teaching methods for developing intercultural communication for ethnically diverse people in medical schools. There were a diverse range of teaching methods, durations and time of delivery in the medical course. Better teaching interventions were underpinned by learning theory and usually included practice with standardised patients, reflection and immersive experiences with members of ethnically diverse communities. Evaluation of these studies was limited mostly to short term student satisfaction surveys or performance assessments which hampered determining their effectiveness. Conclusion While there are indications that intercultural communication is best learnt as a continuum of cultural and communication skill development through immersive experiences, iteratively through medical school, there remains a need for high quality longitudinal studies to confirm this hypothesis.
Does Marketing Create Needs? A Question with a Simple but Unsatisfactory Answer
Authors: Marjanović Boris
Published: May 2023

Does marketing create needs? This is an intriguing question that arises from time to time when conflicting views emerge. Critics of marketing, and even many consumers, believe that marketing can and does create needs. Consequently, a belief is formed that marketers through cunning marketing activities influence consumers and make them buy things that they really do not want or need. This belief raises many questions directly related to the ethics of marketing. But, is it really true that marketing does not create needs but only influences wants, as prominent marketing scholars advocate? The aim of this paper is to incite a logical reflection and discussion about the phenomenon of need and give an answer to the controversial question: “does marketing create needs?”
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Digital Transformation of SMEs: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Marolt Marjeta , Kljajić Borštnar Mirjana , Lenart Gregor , Vidmar Doroteja , Pucihar Andreja
Published: May 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic affected all industries and sectors to some extent. Similar to the financial crisis of 2008, it had a major impact on micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Most SMEs have a low level of digital maturity, which proved to be a significant weakness during the pandemic when they had to use digital technology due to a number of constraints. We were therefore interested in how the Covid-19 pandemic affected their digital transformation. In order to gain a comprehensive overview, we used a sequential mixed method research design. The insights gained in the qualitative phase of the research were used for questionnaire development. Based on analysis of the data collected from Slovenian SMEs, we present preliminary findings and provide opportunities for further research.
The Heterogeneous Accentuation of Economic Content in Vocational Education: A Starting Point for Occupation-Specific Human Resource Development
Authors: Maus Christoph
Published: May 2023

Since the successive introduction of “learning field“ oriented curricula in Germany, teaching at vocational schools has been based on concrete actions. The underlying curricula describe business-oriented learning fields. The translating of these learning fields into pedagogical learning situations is the responsibility of the vocational curriculum conferences at the individual vocational school level. This means that, despite there being an identical curricular basis, it is possible for individual schools to apply heterogeneous content emphases within the education programmes for commercial vocations. This study examines the correlation between such heterogeneous content with regard to the subject of economics and the person characteristics of the relevant teachers. In order to determine the individual significance of economics curricula as part of the education programme for commercial occupations on a learning field basis, an online survey was conducted among commerce teachers. The findings for the correlations indicate a relationship between the relevance of economics content and individual experience of teaching staff with regard to that particular academic discipline, because a high relevance rating correlates with individual tangencies within the teacher’s educational biography.
Interdisciplinarnost na področju dela šolske svetovalne službe - nujnost ali obogatitev
Authors: Minih Maja Marija
Published: May 2023

Recently, interdisciplinary cooperation is gaining an increasingly important role in various fields of activity. It also plays an important role within the work of educational institutions. It is recognized as one of the fundamental principles in the field of work of the school counseling service. When solving complex problem situations, we cannot bypass the integration and cooperation with external experts and institutions, as well as with professionals within the school and with parents. The success of interdisciplinary cooperation depends on the competencies of the participants, as well as on many other factors which can be either an advantage or a barrier to interdisciplinary cooperation. Being aware of all the advantages of interdisciplinary cooperation and of the fact that, at least in the field of work of the school counseling service, we cannot do effective work in practice without the mentioned cooperation, we constantly must strive to overcome potential barriers.
The Impact of Gender Role in Ethics-Based Managerial DecisionMaking Strategies
Authors: Mladenović Milena , Vesna Novak Vesna Novak
Published: May 2023

Ethical dilemmas are situations in which not only the ethical values we present, promote, and believe in are tempted, but our perseverance and determination, i.e. consistency in respecting those values during the decision-making process is tempted as well. In this paper, we study the integrity capacity of managers in the decision-making process based on ethical values. We examined the level of discrepancy between managerial value systems and value systems presented in manager’s decisionmaking strategies. The aim was to establish a model that can provide reliable and relevant data needed to examine possible discrepancies between those two sets of values. The model is used to investigate if the level of discrepancy is in relation to the variables such as Gender, Level of ethical conduct of managers, and Organizational culture. After doing a comparative analysis of data gained from managers and employees, we found that there are discrepancies between managers’ value systems and the value systems presented in their decision-making strategies. We also find that the level of discrepancy is in relation with Gender variable, but also in relation with variables Ethical conduct of managers and Organizational climate. The model is constructed not exclusively for the research purpose, but also can be used as a tool that can provide insight into how consistent managers are in integrating certain values in their immediate working environment.
Model ravnanja s talentiranimi posamezniki v organizaciji
Authors: Molk Mojca , Novak Vesna
Published: May 2023

In the future, talented individuals will be among the key factors for achieving high work performance and greater competitive advantage for individual organizations. Today’s labour market conditions require organizations to adapt the work environment to each individual. The environment must be stimulating so that employees feel good in it, belong, have the opportunity to make maximum use of their knowledge, experience and skills and are motivated for new changes. The guidelines given to employees must be in accordance with the corporate culture and goals of the organization, for which the heads of individual departments are responsible. This was the main reason for studying the chosen topic. In this paper, we present a proposal for a model for dealing with talents, which we designed based on the information obtained through behavioural interviews, with which we got information about the attitudes, wishes and needs of talents. The proposed model represents a major contribution to the improvement of talent management and, consequently, also a contribution to better operations of organizations. Despite implementing the model of talent management in organizations that represent added value, it is necessary to consider that the useful value of the talent management model also depends on the industry and the activities of the organization. Each organization must identify its own needs and align the talent management practices used with its strategy and set goals.
Decision-Making in Private and Professional Life
Authors: Nikolaeva Stoyanovich Anastasiya
Published: May 2023

In life, we are faced with making decisions every day, whether they are of private or business importance. Decisions are the result of the decision-making process, which bring us certain consequences, whether they are positive or negative. The decision-making process is demanding in itself, a situation in which we are forced to make a selection between two or more things, and thus arrive at a final decision. We will begin with a theory review on the topics of the decision making process, continue with decision making under conditions of uncertainty and in uncertain situations. Our discussion will focus on how the decision-making in private in professional life varies. We identify as the main difference between decision-making in private vs. decision-making in professional life to be our emotional involvement. We emphasize the importance of making the right decisions and managing the consequences of our decisions.
An Analysis of Learners’ Degree of Activation in Inductive Lessons for Different White Collar Courses at German Vocational Colleges
Authors: Björn Paape Björn Paape , Maus Christoph , Kiereta Iwona , Boßmann Steffen , Eichberg Kristina , Jendryka Mathias , Kofferath Frank , Rath Eduard , Rütters Elisabeth
Published: May 2023

The objective of this teacher training project is to examine the degree of learner activation during inductive lessons given at vocational colleges to students of various courses in the subject area of economics. The hypothesis that inductive teaching is more suitable for courses at a lower educational level and that it has a positive impact on learner activation is confirmed. Insights are offered that provide opportunities for teachers of economics at vocational colleges to suitably use this teaching method in their daily work. It is shown that inductive lessons are effective for both of the examined educational levels; however, with regard to increasing motivation and avoiding boredom as well as maintaining concentration, the inductive form of teaching is more effective at the lower educational level.
Analysis of the of Socio-Political, Economic and Settlement Policy Related Effects of Racial Segregation in South Africa
Authors: Paape Raik
Published: May 2023

The paper deals with the socio-political, economic and settlement policy related effects of racial segregation in South Africa. Nowadays, not much has remained of the optimistic spirit of optimism from the Mandela era. The extent of nepotism, corruption and enrichment under subsequent ANC governments was so extensive that there is talk of 'state capture'. The increasing impoverishment to the point of starvation of lowincome earners especially during the Corona pandemic led to the radicalisation of society and the number of violent protests and riots increased. Race relations have also deteriorated. The black South African population feels abandoned by the government and partly transfers this resentment to the white South African population; the number of assaults is increasing. White South Africans have felt increasingly marginalised in public life and deprived of career advancement opportunities since 1994 due to the governments' 'affirmative action'. The complaint that "there used to be too little white and now there is too little black" leads to the statement: "Apartheid today is against whites".
The Role of Social Innovation in Green Cities Development
Authors: Perinić Lea , Perić Hadžić Ana , Kovačić Mirjana , Santos Norberto
Published: May 2023

This paper will highlight the importance of social innovation in developing green cities. In the last couple of years, we have stated a growing interest in social innovation on the EU level from researchers, policymakers, and local municipalities. The current social-economic model is not sustainable, which became even more evident during the big financial crisis (such as 2008 and 2020). Consequently, more focus is being placed on societal challenges and the need to develop new innovative solutions to address them. Additionally, municipal leaders are confronted with the global climate crisis and a need to lead the transition towards carbon neutral economy and promote green everyday practices. Social innovations in green city development can range from new green market models and institutional support to developing appropriate innovation culture, new governance models, increasing citizens’ participation and cooperation in green services, community initiatives, social incentives, green nudges, and similar. The authors research how social innovations can offer new ideas (products, services, business models) that would contribute to the sustainability and resilience of urban communities. The research results show that people need to build up an innovation culture that will foster the development of social innovation design and implementation.