bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elective versus Emergency Cesarean Sections : Mother and Fetal Outcome
Authors: Ladja Christofer J. H. , Mano IMS Murah , Tahir Andi M. , Chalid St. Maisuri T.
Published: April 2021

Objective: To compare the outcomes of mothers and newborns in emergency cesarean section and elective cesarean section.Methods: A prospective cohort study included 120 pregnant women consists of 60 women who performed an emergency cesarean section and 60 women who underwent elective cesarean section. Age, education level, occupation, income, history of comorbidities, history of abortion or miscarriage, antenatal care history, decision-making time until surgery is performed along with other components required, duration of operation, outcome of mother and fetal were obtained through interviews and questionnaires. Data were analyzed regarding fetal outcome and cesarean sections indications.Results: The maternal and fetal outcome between emergency and elective cesarean section were not significantly  different regarding on hospital stay, dehiscence, NICU admission, Apgar score and newborn status (dead or alive). Blood transfusion is the main difference signifi cant indication for maternal outcome between emergency and elective procedure (p less than 0.05). The total duration of procedure  less than 60 or more than 60 minutes and maternal-fetal outcome not signifi cantly different between two type of procedures.Conclusions: Emergency cesarean section at preterm gestational age with an operating time less than equal to 60 minutes leads to greater transfusion blood requirements compared with elective cesarean section.Keywords: emergency cesarean section, elective cesareansection, mother-infant outcome.

AbstrakTujuan: Membandingkan luaran ibu dan bayi baru lahir di seksio sesarea emergensi dan elektif.Metode: Penelitian kohort prospektif melibatkan 120 perempuan hamil terdiri atas 60 perempuan yang melakukan operasi seksio sesarea emergensi dan 60 perempuan melakukan operasi elektif. Usia, tingkatpendidikan, pekerjaan, pendapatan, riwayat komorbiditas, riwayat aborsi atau keguguran, riwayat asuhan antenatal, waktu pengambilan keputusan sampai operasi dilakukan bersamaan dengan komponen lain yang diperlukan, lamanya operasi, luaran ibu dan bayi diperoleh melalui wawancara dan kuesioner. Data yang dianalisis mengenai luaran ibu dan bayinya.Hasil: Luaran ibu dan bayi antara seksio sesarea emergensi dan elektif tidak berbeda bermakna dalam hal lama rawat inap, dehisensi, admisi, skor Apgar dan status bayi baru lahir (meninggal atau hidup). Transfusi darah adalah indikasi penting utama yang berbeda untuk luaran ibu antara prosedur emergensi dan elektif (p kurang dari 0,05). Durasi total prosedur kurang dari 60 atau lebih dari 60 menit dan luaran ibu tidak berbeda secara signifikan antara kedua jenis seksio sesarea.Kesimpulan: Tindakan seksio sesarea emergensi pada usia gestasi prematur dengan waktu operasi kurang dari sama dengan 60 menit menyebabkan kebutuhan transfusi darah lebih besar dibandingkan seksio sesarea elektif.Kata kunci: luaran ibu-bayi, seksio sesarea elektif, seksio sesarea emergensi.
O papel da vitamina D na pandemia de COVID-19: revisão integrativa
Authors: Lima Juliane Fernandes de
Published: April 2021

A vitamina D tem sido muito discutida quanto a sua utilização em meio à pandemia de Covid-19 como tratamento de suporte. Neste sentido o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar possíveis vantagens no uso da vitamina D, assim como avaliar sua eficácia e segurança como tratamento à Covid-19. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura integrativa, utilizando as bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Pubmed e Cochrane Library. Os resultados obtidos não indicam que a suplementação de vitamina D possa prevenir ou tratar a Covid-19, apesar de resultados promissores. Portanto a vitamina D não tem eficácia comprovada para ser utilizada como tratamento ou mesmo profilaxia à Covid-19.
Atendimento da Estratégia Saúde da Família: percepções de usuários adultos e cuidadores de crianças
Authors: Gomes Maria Fernanda Pereira , Reticena Kesley De Oliveira , Fracolli Lislaine Aparecida
Published: April 2021

O estudo buscou compreender a percepção de usuários da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) sobre o atendimento da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) na perspectiva de cuidadores de crianças menores de dois anos e usuários adultos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e qualitativo com a participação de 37 usuários adultos e 36 cuidadores de crianças, com média de idade de 38,2 anos, 89,04 % mulheres e 10,96% homens. As respostas passaram pela análise de conteúdo com a construção das temáticas: “Reconhecendo os atributos essenciais da Atenção Primária à Saúde”, “Identificando fragilidades na Estratégia Saúde da Família” e “Sugerindo melhorias na Estratégia Saúde da Família”. Os usuários da ESF percebem a presença de atributos da APS como acesso de primeiro contato, integralidade e continuidade do cuidado, mas apresentam insatisfação com o agendamento de consultas para especialistas e exames diagnósticos, falta de medicamentos, falta de coordenação e integralidade na assistência à saúde.
Cuidado da criança em rede: vivências de gestores, enfermeiros e médicos
Authors: Teixeira Renata Andrade , Batista Francieli Ferreira de Andrade , Caldeira Sebastião , Zani Adriana Valongo , Tacla Mauren Teresa Grubinki Mendes , Ferrari Rosângela Aparecida Pimenta
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a vivência de gestores, enfermeiros e médicos no cuidado da criança após a implementação da Rede Mãe Paranaense. Trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa com base nas premissas conceituais da Fenomenologia Social. Para coleta dos dados utilizou-se um questionário com perguntas semiestruturadas com os referidos profissionais. Foram identificadas as seguintes categorias: os “motivos porque” emergiram o processo de implementação da Rede e o cuidado da criança e as peculiaridades do cuidado da criança na nova concepção em Rede. Os “motivos para” desvelou expectativas e limitações para o cuidado da criança na Rede. Assim, evidenciou as necessidades e expectativas dos profissionais em suas ações, relacionado ao cuidado à criança após a implementação da Rede, e manteve-se as implementações tradicionais.
Desempenho das comissões intra-hospitalares de doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes
Authors: Tondinelli Marcela , Galdino Maria José Quina , Carvalho Maria Dalva , Barreto Maynara Fernanda Carvalho , Haddad Maria Do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Analisar o desempenho das Comissões Intra-Hospitalares de Doação de Órgãos e Tecidos para Transplantes da Macrorregional Norte do Paraná, Brasil. Método: Estudo de avaliação realizado com 7.383 notificações de 16 hospitais sobre potenciais doadores, cujos óbitos ocorreram em 2015. Os dados fornecidos pela Central Estadual de Transplantes foram analisados por meio dos indicadores de desempenho da Portaria 2600/2009. Resultados: Cerca de metade dos doadores elegíveis por morte encefálica se tornaram efetivos nas comissões tipos II e III, não havendo diferenças significativas entre seus desempenhos (p=0,579). A efetivação das doações nos óbitos por parada cardiorrespiratória foi de 33,6% nas comissões do tipo III, 18,8% nas do tipo II e 5,3% nas do tipo I; e indicou que quanto maior a sua classificação, maior foi o número de tecidos doados (p<0,001). Conclusão: O melhor desempenho na doação de órgãos e tecidos foi obtido pelas comissões do tipo III. Os resultados fornecem subsídios aos gestores para estimular e capacitar os membros das comissões, a fim de melhorar os indicadores de desempenho e eficiência das doações e, assim, aumentar o número de transplantes.
Pengaruh Perendaman Susu UHT dan Susu Sapi Segar Terhadap Kekasaran Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: Arifin Fadil Abdillah , Irawati Erna , Mattulada Indrya Kirana , Aslan Sarahfin , Anas Risnayanti , Mursaling Nurul Ilmi
Published: April 2021

Pendahuluan: Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) atau Semen Ionomer Kaca Modifikasi Resin merupakan salah satu bahan restorasi yang digunakan di bidang kedokteran gigi. Pengembangan resin-modified glass ionomer cement dimulai sejak tahun 1967 untuk memperbaiki sifat fisik dan mengurangi sensitivitas air dari glass ionomer cement konvensional. Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) sebagai bahan kedokteran gigi memiliki beberapa keuntungan yaitu: RMGIC dapat melepaskan fluoride, kekuatan RMGIC lebih besar dibandingkan dengan glass ionomer cement konvensional, dan estetika lebih baik daripada Glass Ionomer Cement. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman susu UHT dan susu sapi segar terhadap resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Eksperimental Laboratorium yaitu pengujian yang dilakukan di laboratorium dengan bentuk penelitian berupa Pre Test-Post Test with Control Group Design. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah True Eksperimental Laboratorium. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji one way anova sebelum perendaman diperoleh p-valuesebesar 0,795 (p>0,05) Berdasarkan uji one way anova setelah perendaman diperoleh p-value sebesar 0,669 (p>0,05) Berdasarkan uji post hoc multiple comparison diperoleh perbedaan rata-rata antara susu sapi segar dan susu UHT sebesar 0,1114500 , untuk aquades dan susu UHT sebesar -0,022000.  Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perubahan yang signifikan terhadap kekasaran resin-modified glass ionomer cement.
Hubungan Jenis Kelamin dengan Angka Kejadian Kasus Lesi Periapikal
Authors: Aldilawati Sari , Ilmianti Ilmianti , Mattulada Indrya Kirana , Mattalitti St. Fadhillah Oemar , Febriany Mila , Safira Shella
Published: April 2021

Pendahuluan: Jenis kelamin mempunyai pengaruh besar terhadap kesehatan laki-laki dan perempuan, dilihat dari prevalensi penderita kelainan periapikal, secara umum penderita perempuan lebih banyak daripada penderita laki-laki. Lesi periapikal merupakan respon lokal dari tulang di sekitar apikal gigi akibat nekrosis pulpa atau akibat kerusakan jaringan periodontal. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan jenis kelamin dengan angka kejadian pada kasus lesi periapikal di RSIGM YW-UMI tahun 2019. Bahan & Metode: Penelitian bersifat observasional analisis. Sampel diambil sebanyak 36 foto radiografi lesi periapikal sebelum dilakukan perawatan endodontik di RSIGM YW-UMI. Sampel tersebut kemudian dilakukan uji Chi-square. Hasil: Data subjek penelitian diambil melalui foto rontgen periapikal. Rasio lesi periapikal pada perempuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki. Dengan kasus lesi periapikal terbanyak ialah abses periapikal. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan terhadap hubungan jenis kelamin dengan angka kejadian kasus lesi periapikal di RSIGM YW-UMI tahun 2019 dimana nilai (P-Value : 0,108) menunjukkan lebih dari (0,05).
A Pandemia Covid-19 e o Estado de Emergência em Portugal: Breves Considerações Sobre Políticas Públicas | The Covid-19 Pandemic and the State of Emergency in Portugal: Brief Public Policy Considerations
Authors: Berenguer Leandro
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted States to adopt exceptional measures to contain their spreads rates and therefore mitigate their effects. In Portugal there was a need to resort to the figure of the state of emergency, being used for the first time since the foundation of the third Republic. To respond to a situation of public calamity, the suspension, albeit partial, of fundamental rights, freedoms and guarantees was used, adopting measures with repercussions in the most varied areas of civil society. Based on the security context of a State, this article intends to analyse the declarations of the state of emergency in Portugal in the light of the theoretical framework of public policies, reflecting on the process of implementing the state of emergency. To this end, the top-down and bottom-up approaches are placed in confrontation as the main theories of public policies implementation in the analysis of the unprecedented political context in Portugal.
АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ПРАВОВІ ЗАСАДИ НАДАННЯ ЯКІСНИХ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНИХ ПОСЛУГ У КОНТЕКСТІ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Ярош А. О.
Published: April 2021

Досліджено науково-практичне розуміння одного з ключових понять сучасного адміністративного процесуального права – адміністративна послуга. Зазначено, що поняття «адміністративні послуги» акцентує увагу саме на виконанні обов’язків органів публічної адміністрації перед фізичними та юридичними особами, спрямованих на юридичне оформлення умов, необхідних для забезпечення належної реалізації ними своїх прав і охоронюваних законом інтересів. Проаналізовано актуальність практичної реалізації адміністративної послуги у світлі змін адміністративно-територіального поділу районів.
СЛОВНИК 1926 Р.: МАНІФЕСТАЦІЯ ВІДРОДЖЕННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ПРАВНИЧОЇ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Захарченко П. П.
Published: April 2021

Досліджується діяльність правничої комісії на чолі з Агатангелом Кримським, що була створена Всеукраїнською академією наук 1919 р. Встановлені біографічні дані окремих упорядників російсько-українського словника правничої мови, серед яких абсолютну більшість становили українські юристи. Завершеним результатом роботи комісії став вихід словника, що з’явився у світ 1926 р.
РЕФОРМУВАННЯ ПОДАТКОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ В УКРАЇНІ: ЗАГАЛЬНОСОЦІАЛЬНИЙ РІВЕНЬ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ ЗЛОЧИННОСТІ У СФЕРІ ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ
Authors: Гмирін А. А.
Published: April 2021

У статті зазначається, що правова неврегульованість багатьох проблем у сфері оподаткування, складність і неоднозначність законодавчої бази сприяють зростанню податкової злочинності, зниженню рівня надходження податків. Зазначено, що в Україні через хаотичний розвиток ринкових відносин склалася певна система заходів, способів і засобів, які використовуються недобросовісними платниками податків для ухилення від сплати податків. Недосконалість податкової системи, непропорційний розподіл податкового зобов’язання між різними сферами економічної діяльності породжують безліч нових раніше невідомих способів порушень податкового законодавства, яким буде неможливо запобігти правовими засобами.
КРИМІНОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ СУЧАСНИХ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЗЛОЧИННОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Забарний М. М.
Published: April 2021

У цій статті зазначається та вказується, що економічною наукою виділяється теоретична (політична економіка) і практична (прикладна економіка) складові, аналізується, наскільки глибоко сучасний юрист повинен знати і володіти кожною з них. Зазначається, що юридична практика свідчить, що для юриста будь-якої спеціалізації (насамперед юриста, який займається правотворчістю) досить важливо знання основ теоретичної частини економічної теорії, а для юриста, який вирішує завдання у сфері реальних (практичних) економічних відносин, необхідні насамперед поглиблені знання прикладної економіки для аналізу стану злочинності у сфері економіки.
ОКРЕМІ АСПЕКТИ ПОНЯТТЯ «КРИМІНАЛЬНИЙ ПРОСТУПОК» У КРИМІНАЛЬНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Топчій В. В.
Published: April 2021

У статті розкрито питання щодо визначення дефініції поняття «кримінальний проступок». Проаналізовано зміни, що внесені до законодавства у зв’язку з набуттям чинності Закону України «Про внесення змін до деяких законодавчих актів України щодо спрощення досудового розслідування окремих категорій кримінальних правопорушень», а також проблемні питання та прогалини у законодавстві, які є наслідком введення в дію поняття кримінального проступку.
Fetal Outcome in Cesarean Versus Normal Deliveries in Pregnancy with Meconium-stained Liquor: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jha Umesh Chandra , Dangal Ganesh
Published: April 2021

Background: Intrauterine meconium passage in near term or term fetuses has been associated with feto-maternal stress factors and/or infection and is contributing to the increased rate of cesarean section. This study aimed to evaluate effect of mode of delivery on fetal outcome in pregnancy with meconium-stained liquor.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in 2019 at a tertiary care center. Data was collected from women in labor, in whom meconium was seen after rupture of membrane. Out of these, 115 cases, who underwent cesarean delivery for meconium-stained liquor were enrolled in one group; while in another group 115 cases who delivered vaginally were enrolled and the fetal outcome was compared in between these two groups.Results: Out of 230 cases, most participants were from 21 to 25 years age group. Most of patients were primigravida accounting for 63%, and with mean gestational age of 39.4 weeks. Low Apgar score at one and 5 minutes, percentage of respiratory distress, perinatal asphyxia, need of bag and mask ventilation as mode of resuscitation were associated more with vaginal deliveries. Incidence of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission, meconium aspiration syndrome, and neonatal death were seen more in vaginal delivery in comparison to cesarean delivery.Conclusions: There was no much difference in Apgar score at 5 minutes in either mode of delivery. Incidence of respiratory distress, perinatal asphyxia, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission, meconium aspiration syndrome and neonatal death were higher in vaginal delivery. Fetal morbidity and mortality were seen more in moderate to thick meconium-stained liquor.Keywords: Cesarean section; fetal outcome; meconium-stained liquor; vaginal delivery
Association of Low body Mass Index with Respiratory Failure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmunary Disease
Authors: Oli Ritamvara , Mishra Jai Krishna , Srivastava Govind Narayan , Mishra Saurabh
Published: April 2021

Background: Various studies have shown that low body mass index co-relates with the severity of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The reduced body mass index in these patients is thought to be due to nutritional abnormality and raised circulating inflammatory markers. The study is aimed to find the association of body mass index with respiratory failure in patient with chronic obstructive pulmunory disease.Methods: 142 patients who attended emergency /out-patient-department in Sir Sundarlal Hospital from August 2018 to July 2020 were enrolled for the study. 81 patients in one group had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation with Type II respiratory failure. Among this group low and normal body mass index subgroup was categorized.61 patients in another group had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Non-invasive ventilation was applied to case group. Categorization of body mass index was done <18.5(Low BMI) and 18.5-24.9 (Normal BMI ). Results: The mean age of the study group was (63.53±9.021). There was a significant difference in the body mass index between the groups ( p=<0.001,t=15.40). Severity of respiratory failure was compared using ph and pco2 in the between the groups which showed no significant difference (p=1,chi square 0.000), (p=0.40,chi square=0.72) however it did affect the outcome.Conclusions: Our study shows that overall respiratory failure was common in low body mass index cases compared to Control. Nevertheless there was no difference among severity of respiratory failure among low and normal body mass index subgroups and however it did affect the outcome.Keywords: Brain natriuretic peptide; chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; non-invasive ventilation
Temporal Delay in Neurosurgical Patients and Outcome in a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal
Authors: Sah Hemant , Shrestha Dipendra , Rajbhandari Binod , Sedain Gopal , Pradhanang Amit , Shilpakar Sushil , Sharma Mohan
Published: April 2021

Background: Neurosurgery is a field where time from the incident to get treatment is very crucial. In low-income countries, the referral system is not well developed. In our country, a proper referral system is in the initial phase of development. We conducted a study assessing the number of visits a neurosurgery patient made before finally reaching to our center.Methods: This is a prospective observational study involving seventy patients, conducted at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Demographic characteristics, neurological diagnosis, and numbers of other centers the patients visited and outcome at discharge and in one month was assessed.Results: Thirty-five (50%) patients were males. Thirty-three (47.1%) patients were admitted due to head injury and 13 (18.5%) were diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surgery was done in 32 (45.7%) patients. Fifty-three (75.7%) patients were transferred from other hospitals. Out of 53 patients, 30 (56.6%) and 17 (32%) had visited to one and two hospitals respectively. Unavailability of the neurosurgery facility was the main reason (77.4%) for the transfer. Overall mortality was 12.9%. The trend for mortality and length of hospital stay was higher in the group who visited other centers before coming to us than those who came directly.Conclusions: Visiting multiple hospitals where there is no neurosurgical service available is an important reason for delay. There is a need to develop neurosurgical facilities in the different parts of the country along with establishment of an effective referral mechanism.Keywords: Delay; Nepal; neurosurgery; outcome; prospective study
Osmanlı Devleti’nde 1910 Yılında Yapılan Maarif Müfettişi Atamaları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ÇETİN Sadık , DOĞAN Ayhan
Published: April 2021

II. Meşrutiyet’in ilanı sonrasında Osmanlı maarif ve fikriyatında mühim gelişmeler vücuda getirilmiş, sorunların aşılması amacıyla ciddi teşebbüslere girişilmiştir. Devletin başlıca sorununun bu dönemde uzun süreden beri beklenen terakkinin gerçekleştirilmesi olduğu rahatlıkla söylenebilir. Nitekim gerek resmi yazışmalarda gerekse matbuat hayatında bu konunun öncelikli meselelerden olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Hedeflenen gelişmenin sağlanması maarifte yapılacak düzenlemeye bağlıdır. Maarifte yapılacak düzenlemelerde ilk adım iptidai mekteplerde ıslahın sağlanmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 1910 yılında Osmanlı Devleti’nin değişik bölgelerine birçok iptidai müfettişi tayin edilmiştir. Osmanlı Arşivi Maarif Fonunda bulunan belgelerde söz konusu atamalarla ilgili önemli bilgiler bulunmaktadır. Osmanlı arşiv evrakı temelinde hazırlanan bu çalışma 1910 yılında ülkenin değişik bölgelerine atanan maarif müfettişlerinin tayin süreci, talepler ve yaşanan zorlukları tespit etmeyi hedeflemektedir.
Aspiration cytology of popliteal lymph nodes as a diagnostic method of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in areas of socioeconomic vulnerability
Authors: Severino Neto Antônio Carlos , Germano Gabriel Lopes , Silva Thâmara Rossi Martins da , Sousa Luiz Antônio de Jesus , Oliveira Priscila Gomes de , Moraes Reiner Silveira de , Ramos Dirceu Guilherme de Sousa
Published: April 2021

Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Goiás and has high lethality owing to its high zoonotic potential. In dogs, the disease manifests based on the parasitic load, with clinical presentation as the starting for diagnosis. Diagnostic methods are used to confirm the disease, with emphasis on lymph node aspiration cytology, which is a high-standard technique owing to its low cost, ease of performance, and high specificity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate aspiration lymph node cytology as a diagnostic method for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in areas containing low-income populations with poor access to molecular tests. Three dogs with suspected CVL were studied at Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí, in which popliteal lymph node cytology was performed, owing to easy access, and screening and confirmatory examinations were undertaken by the Central Public Health Laboratory. The results showed three positive animals in the cytology and only one positive in the other tests; therefore, there was the possibility of the occurrence of false negatives in serological tests given the time required for seroconversion. Thus, cytology is an important diagnostic technique in areas where molecular tests are not available.
Violência doméstica: A importância da formação do Cirurgião-Dentista frente a esse agravo
Authors: Silva Anayla Oliveira da , Silva Maria da Conceição Lara Costa , Godoy Amanda Barbosa de , Silva Luanna Maria Rocha Caldas da , Soares Ana Larrisa Fernandes de Holanda
Published: April 2021

Violência doméstica é qualquer ação ou omissão que cause morte, lesão, sofrimento físico, sexual ou psicológico e dano moral ou patrimonial. O cirurgião-dentista é um dos profissionais que possui maior contato com estas vítimas, devido ao maior comprometimento na região orofacial dos pacientes violentados. O objetivo do presente trabalho é discutir a importância da formação acadêmica do cirurgião-dentista frente a violência doméstica. A pesquisa foi realizada com alunos do curso de odontologia de uma universidade de Natal/RN, do nono período. Para colhimento e validação dos dados, questionários foram aplicados de forma individual e reservada para cada um. Participaram da pesquisa 57 alunos. Afirmaram que o cirurgião-dentista deve saber e ter a responsabilidade na identificação e no diagnóstico de casos de violência doméstica, 54 (94,7%) dos entrevistados. Quanto às providências que devem ser tomadas, pelo profissional, a escolha por “notificar a agressão” foi a mais relatada. Em relação ao tema ter sido abordado no curso, 30 (52,6%) estudantes relataram ter tido contato com o tema estudado, desses, a maior parte dos entrevistados 16 (53,3%),  responderam não lembrar ao certo quando isso aconteceu. Com esta pesquisa, concluiu-se que há necessidade de uma maior abordagem sobre esta temática por parte dos professores que ministram as disciplinas básicas da grade curricular, pois, ainda que os participantes tenham respondido de forma positiva aos questionamentos, notou-se uma insegurança e deficiência perante o tema proposto.
Mesograzer interactions with a unique strain of Irish moss Chondrus crispus: colonization, feeding, and algal condition-related effects
Authors: Tummon Flynn P , Lynn KD , Cairns DK , Quijón PA
Published: April 2021

Marine macroalgae are exposed to multiple sources of stress. As a result, perennial macroalga habitats have become depleted in many coastlines. Here, we investigated the role of mesograzers in the sharp decline of a unique strain ofChondrus crispus(the giant Irish moss) found solely in a lagoon in Atlantic Canada. This study was prompted by damage resembling grazing scars that appeared on the fronds as the population declined, for which no grazer had been identified. We identified potential grazers of the seaweed by deploying 4 types of experimental clumps of giant Irish moss and sampling the epifauna that colonized them. Laboratory assays were then run with an abundant species, the amphipodGammarus oceanicus, to measure feeding rates and test whether this mesograzer is capable of consuming the alga and creating measurable damage.G. oceanicus readily consumed the Irish moss at a grazing rate of 5.24 mg amphipod-1d-1and created deep lateral grazing wounds similar to those observed in the field. An additional experiment was conducted to assess whether a co-acting stressor in the lagoon, the accumulation of fine sediments, could explain the appearance and spatially patchy distribution of the damage in the population. Giant Irish moss fronds that had been buried under sediment lost twice as much biomass as those that had not. These results suggest that grazer activity and declining conditions in the lagoon have a negative and additive effect on this unique strain of Irish moss, with clear implications for its restoration.
İbn Miskeveyh Ve Tehzibu’l Ahlak Adlı Eserinin Ahlak Felsefesi Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: DURMUŞ Zeynal Abidin
Published: April 2021

Bireylerin ahlaki açıdan gelişimi, insanlık tarihi açısından önemli konular arasında yer almaktadır. Dinlerin ahlak ilkesine dair emirleri ve filozofların ahlak hakkındaki düşünceleri, ahlak kavramının açıklanmasına kaynak teşkil etmiştir. Bu noktada İslam ahlak düşüncesini ve yunan filozoflarının, ahlak felsefesine dair düşüncelerini sentezleyen İbn Miskeveyh’in hayatını, eserlerini, felsefi görüşlerini ve ahlak kavramına dair düşüncelerini tanımak, ahlak kavramını anlamak açısından faydalı olacaktır. Bu makalede İbn Miskeveyh’in yaşadığı dönemin özellikleri, bu dönemin onda ne gibi etkileri olduğu, kendi döneminde etkilendiği şahıslar anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Yine İbn Miskeveyh’in metafizik, psikoloji nübüvvet ve tarih alanındaki felsefi görüşleri bu makalede özetlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Makalenin devamında İbn Miskeveyh’in önemli çalışması olan Tehzibu’l Ahlak adlı eserinde yer alan ahlakın değip değişemeyeceği, gerçek iyilik ve mutluluğun ne olduğu, sevginin insan hayatındaki yeri, dost seçimi ve çocuk terbiyesi konuları hakkındaki düşünceleri ve bu düşünceleri ortaya koyarken etkilendiği filozoflar hakkında bilgi verilmektedir.
Yorgunluk Toplumu
Authors: ÖZKAN BARDAKCI Mukadder
Published: April 2021

Bu kitap incelemesindeki amaç Byung- Chul Han’ın Yorgunluk Toplumu kitabı üzerinden topluma farklı açıdan bakmaktır. Yazar her toplumun farklı dönemlerden geçtiğini düşünerek aktiflik olarak gördüğü toplumu aynı zamanda yorgunluk toplumu olarak da tasvir eder. Yazar farklı kavramlarla geçmiş toplumları ve günümüz toplumundan söz eder. Geçmiş toplum viral hastalık toplumu iken günümüz toplumu ise performans toplumu, sinirsel toplumdur. Artık yorgunluk toplumunda yaşadığımızı ancak bu yorgunluğun “biz yorgunluğu” olduğunu anlatmaya çalışır. Buradaki biz yorgunluğu kendinden olmayana ‘ötekiye’ karşı olan bir yorgunluktur.
The Mechanisms and Animal Models of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Jia Wenrui , Wang Juan , Sun Bao , Zhou Jiecan , Shi Yamin , Zhou Zheng
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has aroused great public health concern worldwide. Currently, COVID-19 epidemic is spreading in many countries and regions around the world. However, the study of SARS-CoV-2 is still in its infancy, and there is no specific therapeutics. Here, we summarize the genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we focus on the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the roles of angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) in cell entry, COVID-19 susceptibility and COVID-19 symptoms, as well as immunopathology such as antibody responses, lymphocyte dysregulation, and cytokine storm. Finally, we introduce the research progress of animal models of COVID-19, aiming at a better understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and providing new ideas for the treatment of this contagious disease.
The Role of Neurodevelopmental Pathways in Brain Tumors
Authors: Curry Rachel N. , Glasgow Stacey M.
Published: April 2021

Disruptions to developmental cell signaling pathways and transcriptional cascades have been implicated in tumor initiation, maintenance and progression. Resurgence of aberrant neurodevelopmental programs in the context of brain tumors highlights the numerous parallels that exist between developmental and oncologic mechanisms. A deeper understanding of how dysregulated developmental factors contribute to brain tumor oncogenesis and disease progression will help to identify potential therapeutic targets for these malignancies. In this review, we summarize the current literature concerning developmental signaling cascades and neurodevelopmentally-regulated transcriptional programs. We also examine their respective contributions towards tumor initiation, maintenance, and progression in both pediatric and adult brain tumors and highlight relevant differentiation therapies and putative candidates for prospective treatments.
Adhesive Functions or Pseudogenization of Type Va Autotransporters in Brucella Species
Authors: Bialer Magalí G. , Ferrero Mariana C. , Delpino M. Victoria , Ruiz-Ranwez Verónica , Posadas Diana M. , Baldi Pablo C. , Zorreguieta Angeles
Published: April 2021

Adhesion to host cells is a key step for successful infection of many bacterial pathogens and may define tropism to different host tissues. To do so, bacteria display adhesins on their surfaces. Brucella is an intracellular pathogen capable of proliferating in a wide variety of cell types. It has been described that BmaC, a large protein that belongs to the classical (type Va) autotransporter family, is required for efficient adhesion of Brucella suis strain 1330 to epithelial cells and fibronectin. Here we show that B. suis 1330 harbors two other type Va autotransporters (BmaA and BmaB), which, although much smaller, share significant sequence similarities with BmaC and contain the essential domains to mediate proper protein translocation to the bacterial surface. Gain and loss of function studies indicated that BmaA, BmaB, and BmaC contribute, to a greater or lesser degree, to adhesion of B. suis 1330 to different cells such as synovial fibroblasts, osteoblasts, trophoblasts, and polarized epithelial cells as well as to extracellular matrix components. It was previously shown that BmaC localizes to a single bacterial pole. Interestingly, we observed here that, similar to BmaC, the BmaB adhesin is localized mostly at a single cell pole, reinforcing the hypothesis that Brucella displays an adhesive pole. Although Brucella species have strikingly similar genomes, they clearly differ in their host preferences. Mainly, the differences identified between species appear to be at loci encoding surface proteins. A careful in silico analysis of the putative type Va autotransporter orthologues from several Brucella strains showed that the bmaB locus from Brucella abortus and both, the bmaA and bmaC loci from Brucella melitensis are pseudogenes in all strains analyzed. Results reported here evidence that all three autotransporters play a role in the adhesion properties of B. suis 1330. However, Brucella spp. exhibit extensive variations in the repertoire of functional adhesins of the classical autotransporter family that can be displayed on the bacterial surface, making them an interesting target for future studies on host preference and tropism.
Factors Predicting Collaborative Problem Solving: Based on the Data From PISA 2015
Authors: Tang Pan , Liu Hao , Wen Hongbo
Published: April 2021

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) competency is critical in the twenty-first century. The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) launched a large-scale assessment of CPS competency for the first time in 2015. Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong provinces in China participated the assessment and scored an average of 496, which was slightly lower than the OECD average 500 and ranked 25th among the 51 countries and economies participating in the assessment. Therefore, this research was conducted to dig into the factors predicting students’ CPS competency, and help students improve it. Most research about CPS has fallen into the construction of the CPS framework and the effectiveness of CPS; research focusing on the factors predicting CPS competency is rare. Accordingly, a hierarchical linear model (HLM) was constructed to investigate the factors predicting students’ CPS competency in the current research. The model revealed that there was a large difference of students’ CPS competency among schools. In addition, among student-level variables, gender, grade, ESCS, ICT resources, students’ attitude toward CPS, and teacher unfairness were effective in predicting students’ CPS competency; among school-level variables, school location, schools’ ESCS and the proportion of all teachers fully certified predicted students’ CPS competency positively. The findings implied that in order to enhance students’ CPS competency, CPS competency training should be permeated through all the subjects; schools should employ teachers who are fully qualified; teachers should treat each student fairly; and students should be provided with more ICT resources and etc.
Teachers’ Experiences of Facilitators and Barriers to Implement Theme-Based Cooperative Learning in a Swedish Context
Authors: Fohlin Lisa , Sedem Mina , Allodi Mara Westling
Published: April 2021

Implementing Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in school settings can be challenging. This case study presents barriers and facilitators expressed by kindergarten teachers (N= 6) during the implementation of a theme-based cooperative learning project over the course of a semester. During three group interviews, at the start, mid-point, and end, the teachers expressed their thoughts and experiences about the project. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was used to identify and analyze barriers and facilitators throughout the project. The importance of organizational investment, collegial connection and collaboration, the pedagogical fit of the EBP, and plans for long-term change were highlighted as beneficial factors for successful implementation in this case study.
Recent Understanding and Future Directions of Recurrent Corticotroph Tumors
Authors: Hinojosa-Amaya José Miguel , Lam-Chung César Ernesto , Cuevas-Ramos Daniel
Published: April 2021

Corticotroph tumors (CTs) are pituitary neoplasms arising from the Tpit lineage, which may or not express adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Functioning CTs cause Cushing’s disease (CD), which has high morbidity and mortality due to hypercortisolemia. “Non-functioning” or silent CTs (SCT) and the Crooke’s cell subtypes do not cause CD and may be asymptomatic until manifested by compressive symptoms and are more frequently found as macroadenoma. Both tend toward more aggressive behavior, recurrence, and a higher rate of malignant transformation to pituitary carcinoma. Tumorigenesis involves genetic, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional disruption of cell-cycle regulators, which increase cell proliferation, POMC overexpression, ACTH transcription, and/or hypersecretion. Furthermore, functioning CTs develop resistance to glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback on ACTH secretion, through increased expression of testicular orphan nuclear receptor 4 (TR4), heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90), and loss-of-function mutation of CDK5 and ABL enzyme substrate 1 (CABLES1) gene. Overt autonomous hypercortisolemia is difficult to control, and multiple diagnostic studies and therapeutic modalities are commonly required. Cell-cycle regulation depends mainly on p27, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and the retinoblastoma protein (Rb)/E2F1 transcription factor complex. Gain-of-function mutations of ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) 8, USP48, and BRAF genes may subsequently cause overexpression of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), and enhance POMC transcription, cell proliferation, and tumor growth. Epigenetic changes through micro RNAs and decreased DNA deacetylation by histone deacetylase type 2 (HDAC2), may also affect tumor growth. All the former mechanisms may become interesting therapeutic targets for CTs, aside from temozolomide, currently used for aggressive tumors. Potential therapeutic agents are EGFR inhibitors such as gefitinib and lapatinib, the purine analog R-roscovitine by dissociation of CDK2/Cyclin E complex, the HSP90 inhibitor silibinin (novobiocin), to reduce resistance to glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback, and BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib in BRAF V600E positive tumors. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms related to CTs tumorigenesis, their diagnostic approach, and provides an update of the potential novel therapies, from the lab bench to the clinical translation.
Improving the Cu/ZnO-Based Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation to Methanol, and the Use of Methanol As a Renewable Energy Storage Media
Authors: Etim Ubong J. , Song Yibing , Zhong Ziyi
Published: April 2021

Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol is a practical approach to mitigating its greenhouse effect in the environment while generating good economic profits. Though applicable on the industrial scale through the syngas route, the catalyst of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 suffers from a series of technical problems when converting CO2 to methanol directly, which include low single-pass conversion, low methanol selectivity, requiring high pressure and fast deactivation by the reverse water gas shift reaction. Over the years, intensive research efforts have been devoted to proffering solutions to these problems by modifying the existing catalyst or developing new active catalysts. However, the open question is if this type of widely used industrial catalyst still promising for CO2 methanolizing reaction or not? This paper reviews the history of the methanol production in industry, the impact of CO2 emission on the environment, and analyzes the possibility of the Cu/ZnO-based catalysts for the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. We not only address the theoretical and technical aspects but also provide insightful views on catalyst development.
The Beach Aquifer Microbiome: Research Gaps and Data Needs
Authors: Archana Anand , Francis Christopher A. , Boehm Alexandria B.
Published: April 2021

Beach aquifers, located in the subsurface of sandy beaches, are unique ecosystems with steep chemical and physical gradients resulting from the mixing of terrestrial fresh groundwater and saline groundwater from the sea. While work has rapidly progressed to understand the physics and chemistry in this environment, much less is known about the microorganisms present despite the fact that they are responsible for vital biogeochemical processes. This paper presents a review of the current state of knowledge of microbes within beach aquifers and the mechanisms that control the beach aquifer microbiome. We review literature describing the distribution and diversity of microorganisms in the freshwater-saltwater mixing zone of beach aquifers, and identify just 12 papers. We highlight knowledge gaps, as well as future research directions: The understanding of beach aquifer microorganisms is informed primarily by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics have not yet been applied but are promising approaches for elucidating key metabolic and ecological roles of microbes in this environment. Additionally, variability in field sampling and analytical methods restrict comparison of data across studies and geographic locations. Further, documented evidence on the migration of microbes within the beach aquifer is limited. Taking into account the physical transport of microbes through sand by flowing groundwater may be critical for understanding the structure and dynamics of microbial communities. Quantitative measurements of rates of elemental cycling in the context of microbial diversity need further investigation, in order to understand the roles of microbes in mediating biogeochemical fluxes from the beach aquifer to the coastal ocean. Lastly, understanding the current state of beach aquifers in regulating carbon stocks is critical to foster a better understanding of the contribution of the beach aquifer microbiome to global climate models.
Overcoming Immunological Challenges Limiting Capsid-Mediated Gene Therapy With Machine Learning
Authors: Wec Anna Z. , Lin Kathy S. , Kwasnieski Jamie C. , Sinai Sam , Gerold Jeff , Kelsic Eric D.
Published: April 2021

A key hurdle to making adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid mediated gene therapy broadly beneficial to all patients is overcoming pre-existing and therapy-induced immune responses to these vectors. Recent advances in high-throughput DNA synthesis, multiplexing and sequencing technologies have accelerated engineering of improved capsid properties such as production yield, packaging efficiency, biodistribution and transduction efficiency. Here we outline how machine learning, advances in viral immunology, and high-throughput measurements can enable engineering of a new generation of de-immunized capsids beyond the antigenic landscape of natural AAVs, towards expanding the therapeutic reach of gene therapy.
Patient-Centered Medicine: A Necessary Condition for the Management of Functional Somatic Syndromes and Bodily Distress
Authors: Cathébras Pascal
Published: April 2021

This paper argues that “functional,” “medically unexplained,” or “somatoform” symptoms and disorders necessarily require a patient-centered approach from the clinicians. In the first part, I address the multiple causes of the patients' suffering and I analyze the unease of the doctors faced with these disorders. I emphasize the iatrogenic role of medical investigations and the frequent failure in attempting to reassure the patients. I stress the difficulties in finding the right terms and concepts, despite overabundant nosological categories, to give a full account of psychosomatic complexity. Finally, I discuss the moral dimension attached to assigning a symptom, at times arbitrarily, to a psychogenic origin. The following part presents a brief reminder of the patient-centered approach (PCA) in medicine. In the last part, I aim to explain why and how patient-centered medicine should be applied in the context of functional disorders. First, because PCA focuses on the patients' experience of illness rather than the disease from the medical point of view, which is, indeed, absent. Second, because PCA is the only way to avoid sterile attribution conflicts. Last, because PCA allows doctors and patients to collaboratively create plausible and non-stigmatizing explanations for the symptoms, which paves the way toward effective management.
Disparities of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein-Specific IgG in Healthcare Workers in East London, UK
Authors: Choudhry Naheed , Drysdale Kate , Usai Carla , Leighton Dean , Sonagara Vinay , Buchanan Ruaridh , Nijjar Manreet , Thomas Sherine , Hopkins Mark , Cutino-Moguel Teresa , Gill Upkar S. , Foster Graham R. , Kennedy Patrick T.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection serves as an important diagnostic marker for past SARS-CoV-2 infection and is essential to determine the spread of COVID-19, monitor potential COVID-19 long-term effects, and to evaluate possible protection from reinfection. A study was conducted across three hospital sites in a large central London NHS Trust in the UK, to evaluate the prevalence and duration of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positivity in healthcare workers.

Methods: A matrix equivalence study consisting of 228 participants was undertaken to evaluate the Abbott Panbio™ COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test device. Subsequently, 2001 evaluable healthcare workers (HCW), representing a diverse population, were enrolled in a HCW study between June and August 2020. A plasma sample from each HCW was evaluated using the Abbott Panbio™ COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test device, with confirmation of IgG-positive results by the Abbott ArchitectTM SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. 545 participants, of whom 399 were antibody positive at enrolment, were followed up at 3 months.

Results: The Panbio™ COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test device demonstrated a high concordance with laboratory tests. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 506 participants (25.3%) at enrolment, with a higher prevalence in COVID-19 frontline (28.3%) than non-frontline (19.9%) staff. At follow-up, 274/399 antibody positive participants (68.7%) retained antibodies; 4/146 participants negative at enrolment (2.7%) had seroconverted. Non-white ethnicity, older age, hypertension and COVID-19 symptoms were independent predictors of higher antibody levels (OR 1.881, 2.422–3.034, 2.128, and 1.869 respectively), based on Architect™ index quartiles; participants in the first three categories also showed a greater antibody persistence at 3 months.

Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid IgG positivity rate among healthcare staff was high, declining by 31.3% during the 3-month follow-up interval. Interestingly, the IgG-positive participants with certain risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness (older age, Black or Asian Ethnicity hypertension) demonstrated greater persistence over time when compared to the IgG-positive participants without these risk factors.