bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF AUDIT STANDARD NUMBER 300 (REVISION 2021) CONCERNING PLANNING AN AUDIT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND AUDITORS CONSIDERATION OF AUDIT PROCEDURES
Authors: Sry Theresia Angel Vaulina  , Ramot P. Simanjuntak
Published: August 2024

With regard to arranging an audit of financial statements for audit processes, Auditing Standard Number 300 (Revised 2021) will be examined in this study, as well as the auditor's consideration of the audit procedures used by the auditor at the East Jakarta Public Accountant Office (KAP). This study used quantitative research methods and direct distribution of questionnaires to East Jakarta-based auditors in order to collect data. Purposive sampling with sample criteria was used to choose the sample for this investigation. 1) A minimum of one year of employment 2) being certified as a public accountant (CPA) 3) auditors who were involved in the creation of audit plans 4) auditors who are familiar with Audit Standard 300 (2021 Revision). In this study, 60 auditors who worked in five KAPs in East Jakarta participated as respondents. Data analysis techniques such as descriptive analysis, the traditional assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing were used to evaluate this work.
Results of the test and t count t table (4.954 > 1.677) with a significant value of 0.000, less than 0.05, or 5%, for the variable Application of Audit Standards number 300 (Revised 2021). In light of the fact that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, it can be said that the variable corresponding to Audit Standard Number 300 (Revised 2021) has a favorable and significant impact on audit operations. And with a significance of 0.000 less than 0.05 or 5%, the value of Fcount Fcount>Ftable (14.598 > 3.155) was also significant. Therefore, it can be said that Ho is rejected and accepted by Ha, indicating that the variables Auditor's Considerations (X2) and Application of audit Standards number 300 (Revised 2021) (X1) together (simultaneously) have a favorable and significant impact on audit operations. Author recommendations: 1) The following researcher broadens the study's subject and eligibility requirements for participants. 2) The next researcher combines the dependent and independent variables. 3) The following researcher includes other study techniques, like interviews.
Keywords: audit standard number 300 (revision 2021), auditor's considerations, and audit procedures
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, INTENSITAS ASET TETAP DAN INTENSITAS PERSEDIAAN TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR BARANG KONSUMSI NON-SIKLIKAL TAHUN 2015 – 2020 YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Trimides Christianto  , Fharel M. Hutajulu  , Emerald G. M Tobing
Published: August 2024

These studies is quantitative studies that aim to examining effect of profitabilities, capital intensities, and inventory intensities to Tax Avoidance. These studies take company list on non-cyclical customer good sectors on Indonesia Stock Exchanges at 2015 - 2020. Sample selections technique use Purposive Sampling techniques and obtain 156 researched data. Hypothesis test use Multipled Linear Regressions Analyst with a significances level of 5%. Result obtaine from these studies are base in partials tests, profitabilities, capital intensities, inventory intensities have a negative effect to tax avoidances.
 
Keywords: profitability, capital intensity, inventory intensity, tax avoidance.
The Influence of Product Price and Service Quality on The Decision to Purchase Iron Steel at Pt Sinar Bangun Tata Semesta in West Jakarta
Authors: Jefri Jefpri Parulian , Carolina F. Sembiring  , Desideria Regina
Published: August 2024

These studies aim to determining the effects of Products, Prices and Services Quality both simultaneously and simultaneously on Purchases Decision. The independent variable in these studies are Products Quality, Prices, and Services Quality, while dependent variable is Purchases Decision. These studies used a random sampling methods with a total samples of 35 respondent, especially DKI Jakarta. Methods of data analyst used SPSS software versions 25 The result of these studies proves that partially or simultaneously, product quality has a significancy effects on purchasing decisions, while prices have no significancy effects on purchasing decision, and service quality has a significancy effects on purchasing decision.
Keywords: Product Quality, Price, Service Quality, Purchasing Decision
THE ROLE OF FUTSAL COACH LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF FEMALE FUTSAL ATHLETES AT THE UNIVERSITY CHRISTIAN OF INDONESIA
Authors: Alviranti Alviranti Syasalbilla , Nenny Anggraini  , Jonny Siagian
Published: August 2024

The achievement of an achievement in the field of sports organization is essentially an accumulative result of various aspects/elements that support the realization of achievement. A leadership style is essential for an organization to improve athletes' achievements, while organizational support is also important in an organization's efforts to improve achievements, as well as to improve its performance. This study has a purpose to find out the role of futsal coach leadership style and organizational support for the achievements of Indonesian Christian University Women's UKOM athletes. The data analysis method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. The study used primary data and secondary data that researchers collected through observation, interviews and documentation. After obtaining the required data, researchers use the validity of the data, which is source triangulation, proving that the research done is actually scientific research and to test the data that has been obtained. The result of the study is that the role of the leadership style of the coach that the leadership style has a very large role to the achievements of athletes and the support of the Indonesian Christian University Futsal Women's UKOM organization is very influential to the achievements of athletes. The leadership style applied to this organization is the authoritarian leadership style combined with democratic leadership style, in addition to the leadership style applied, there is organizational support given by UKOM Futsal Putri Christian University Indonesia more prominently in the field of justice.
Keywords: Athlete’s achievement, Leadership Style, Organizational Support
KAJIAN MENGENAI PEMANFAATAN PERHUTANAN SOSIAL DALAM PERDAGANGAN KARBON DI INDONESIA UNTUK MENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN IKLIM
Authors: Posma Posma Hutasoit
Published: August 2024

Global warming and climate change have become one of the most pressing environmental issues facing global society today. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), have become the main focus in efforts to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. One of the instruments introduced to reduce carbon emissions is carbon trading. In Indonesia, the social forestry program is an initiative that aims to empower local communities in sustainable forest management, which is closely related to the concept of carbon forests. Through community participation in social forestry programs, it is hoped that harmony can be created between the interests of nature conservation and sustainable economic development. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept of carbon trading, its basic principles, benefits, and implementation through social forestry in Indonesia. This research uses a literature review method to present a comprehensive overview of this topic, by combining and analyzing information from various available sources. By understanding the basic concepts of carbon trading, operational principles, and involving communities in forest management, Indonesia has great potential to reduce carbon emissions and improve the welfare of local communities while preserving tropical forests that are rich in biodiversity.
Keywords: Russia-Ukraine War, Global Economy, Geopolitical Risk
The Evaluation of Autonomic Dysfunction in Adolescent Patients with Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Akbulut Ozlem , Ertugrul Ilker , Pehlivantürk-Kızılkan Melis , Oztürk Musa , Derman Orhan , Akgül Sinem
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The relationship between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) is complex, with limited data on PMS-related stress further inducing disturbances in the ANS balance. We aimed to investigate the ANS functions through heart rate changes in adolescents with and without PMS.

Method: Participants aged 12-18 years were evaluated for the presence of PMS with the premenstrual syndrome scale and seperated into PMS and control groups. All participants were evaluated by 12-lead surface electrocardiography (ECG) and 24-hour rhythm Holter recordings during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle.

Results: A total of 48 participants (29 PMS, 19 control) were included in our study. The mean age was 15.37 ± 1.42 years in the PMS group and 14.66 ± 1.36 years in the control group. ECG (ventricular rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QT and QTc) and holter (SDNN-ms, SDNNi, RMS_SD, Triangular index) data did not differ in both groups and between phases.

Conclusions: Our results showed that autonomic activity in adolescents with PMS does not vary from that of the control group or according to menstrual cycle phases. This might be attributed to the potential correlation between the augmentation of autonomic activity response and both age and the severity of the illness.
KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI ERA PANDEMIC COVID 19 PADA DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN CATATAN SIPIL KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Ismail MGS
Published: August 2024

Diberlakukannya pembatasan sosial berskala besar, maupun penetapan pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Kabupaten Bandung, mempengaruhi pelayanan publik di Dinas DUKCAPIL Kabupaten Bandung, sehingga tujuan penelitian ini ingin mengetahui sejauh mana kualitas pelayanan publik yang dilakukan Dinas DUKCAPIL Kabupaten Bandung diera pandemi covid 19 yang belum mereda dan selesai ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, deskriptif dengan pendekatan induktif, dan untuk mendapatkan data primer peneliti melakukan wawancara dengan berbagai pihak terkait di Dinas DUKCAPIL dan masyarakat sekitar, sedangkan data sekunder dengan mendapatkan data dari dokumendokumen serta berbagai bukti yang dapat dijadikan bahan untuk dapat dibuatkan sebuah laporan dalam bentuk tulisan ilmiah, dan kesimpulannya adalah, pelayanan public dokumen DUKCAPIL yang dilakukan oleh Dinas DUKCAPIL tetap berjalan, dan dilakukan dengan secara on-line, jadi pelayanan tidak dilakukan secara tatap muka, sedangkan pelayanan yang harus dengan tatap muka, dibatasi termasuk pengunjung dan pegawai yang melayani masyarakat. Dengan system on-line tidak semua masyarakat dapat melaksanakannya secara baik, sehingga dalam implementasinya masih mengalami hambatan-hambatan, dan masyarakat merasakan ketidak puasan dalam pelayanannya.Kata Kunci: Kualitas Pelayanan Publik, pandemic covid 19
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PELAYANAN DOKUMEN KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Lubis Bertha
Published: August 2024

Pelayanan dokumen kependudukan dan pencatatan sipil di Kabupaten Bandung masih mengalami hambatan dan kendala baik dari segi kuantitas dan kualitas sumber daya manusia, sarana ruang server dan masih terbatasnya aplikasi khusus untuk memonitor kinerja jaringan kecamatan. Adapun Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk menggambarkan tentang Analisis Kebijakan Pelayanan Dokumen dukcapil di Kabupaten Bandung.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan induktif. Hasil dan simpulan, bahwa saat ini bentuk pelayanan dilakukan dengan mekanisme dan aplikasi secara on-line, yang terkoneksi dengan jaringan internet. Dimana masyarakat tidak perlu datang kekantor Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil, masyarakat dapat meminta pelayanan dengan mengakses melalui website pada Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil, model pelayanan ini sangat efektif dan masyarakat merasakan manfaatnya secara langsung. Namun masih ada kendala dalam pelayanan online tersebut sehingga diperlukan upaya nyata dalam mengahadapi hambatan tersebut diantara nya pendidikan dan pelatihan sumber daya manusia dan penguatan jaringan.
Kata Kunci:  Analisis; Kebijakan; Pelayanan Publik.
Oftalmología en la Altura
Authors: Haro Haro Daniel Enrique
Published: August 2024

Menciona el distinguido autor en la Introducción: “Este libro, integra parte de mi historia profesional porque recoge loimportante de mi experiencia debido a que durante más de medio siglo dediqué mi labor a estudiar la patología ocular másfrecuente de la población andina del Perú. Su propósito es contribuir con el estudio de la patología ocular en las particularescondiciones del ande
Improve School Promotion Through Persuasion Texts on Social Media
Authors: Sindy Monika Sindy Monika , Dewi Kusumaningsih  , Reni Kusmiarti  , Ira Yuniati  , Eli Rustinar
Published: August 2024

Improving school promotion with persuasion texts on social networks is a strategy that can have a positive impact on student interest. The purpose of this study is to explain the increase in choosing schools in SMP Negeri 14 Kota Bengkulu. This research uses qualitative descriptive method, this research was conducted at SMP Negeri 14 Kota Bengkulu. This data collection was carried out through observation techniques by coming directly to SMP Negeri 14 Kota Bengkulu schools, conducting in-depth interviews with survey subjects, namely appointed teachers and documentary surveys in the form of photo or video documentation. The use of social media such as Instagram has proven effective in increasing students' interest in school. The use of social media as a sales promotion tool has also proven effective in increasing sales as well as proven effective in increasing sales of online store products. In education, the use of social media as a recruitment tool has been shown to have a significant impact on student engagement.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KEAMANAN DROPBOX PAKET DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SIDIK JARI
Authors: Tiara Nurul , Mardiono Djoko Anwar , Toto H Gunawan , Friadi John
Published: August 2024

The design of this tool is to help overcome anxiety in receiving package deliveries, so that having this tool can provide a sense of security for home owners when they are not at home when the package being sent arrives. This Dropbox package is designed with several security components including a fingerprint sensor (Finger Print ZFM-20) and Keypad. Finger Print functions to open the door of the dropbox by the home owner. Apart from that, you can also open the dropbox door by using a PIN that is entered into the keypad. The keypad function is to input the last 6 digits of the homeowner's delivery receipt number after receiving the delivery receipt number. For goods delivery couriers, if the courier wants to put a package into the dropbox, the courier must enter the 6-digit receipt on the delivery package. If the receipt number entered matches the homeowner's receipt number, then the dropbox lid can be opened so the courier can enter the package. The homeowner will receive a notification when the package has arrived via SMS. The result of testing this tool is the creation of a sensory-based intelligence system that combines several sensors to control Dropbox Package access
The utility of passive acoustic monitoring for using birds as indicators of sustainable agricultural management practices
Authors: Molina-Mora Ingrid , Ruíz-Gutierrez Viviana , Vega-Hidalgo Álvaro , Sandoval Luis
Published: August 2024

Agriculture, which is spreading rapidly, is one of the major effectors on biodiversity – generally contributing to its decline. In the past few decades, most research efforts have focused on the impact of industrial agriculture on the environment and biodiversity. However, less attention has been paid on examining the impact of sustainable agricultural management practices on biodiversity. Challenges include the disruptive nature of some practices (e.g., agrochemical application) and the timing of others (e.g., tree pruning). Here, we highlight the value of passive acoustic monitoring in assessing the impact of agricultural management practices on biodiversity, using birds as indicators. We outline key considerations, including bird ecology and behavior, ARU sampling protocols, and data management. To demonstrate our approach, we present a case study from a coffee landscape in Costa Rica, where we analyzed the effects of pruning and pesticide application over two years. By focusing on selected focal species and using a subsample of the total hours recorded in combination with a mobile app for annotations, we found that pruning negatively impacted most species, while pesticide application adversely affected all species studied. Our methodology leverages technology to evaluate the impacts of agricultural management practices, offering insights to guide and assess sustainable agricultural strategies aimed at balancing biodiversity conservation with human well-being.
Bioluminescence from the bright and dark sides
Authors: Kim Sung-Bae , Furuta Tadaomi
Published: August 2024

Bioluminescence (BL) is an amazing optical readout that has great potential to be utilized in various bioassays and molecular imaging, but also has some unique defects in practical applications. The recent innovative research on BL has enriched the available repertories of the toolbox. While these efforts greatly diversified the users’ choices in the applications, the wide choices on the contrary do not promise their successful applications to bioassays. This is mainly due to complexity-driven confusion with the diversity and the lack of accurate knowledge on the advantages and disadvantages of BL. This review is intended to showcase the advantages and disadvantages of BL, and serve as a searchlight to find directions for future studies. We hope that this review provides instant references for readers on BL and leads them to properly understand the “bright” and “dark” sides of BL to narrow down their choices in their applications.
Feasibility of tongue image detection for coronary artery disease: based on deep learning
Authors: Duan Mengyao , Mao Boyan , Li Zijian , Wang Chuhao , Hu Zhixi , Guan Jing , Li Feng
Published: August 2024

Aim

Clarify the potential diagnostic value of tongue images for coronary artery disease (CAD), develop a CAD diagnostic model that enhances performance by incorporating tongue image inputs, and provide more reliable evidence for the clinical diagnosis of CAD, offering new biological characterization evidence.

Methods

We recruited 684 patients from four hospitals in China for a cross-sectional study, collecting their baseline information and standardized tongue images to train and validate our CAD diagnostic algorithm. We used DeepLabV3 + for segmentation of the tongue body and employed Resnet-18, pretrained on ImageNet, to extract features from the tongue images. We applied DT (Decision Trees), RF (Random Forest), LR (Logistic Regression), SVM (Support Vector Machine), and XGBoost models, developing CAD diagnostic models with inputs of risk factors alone and then with the additional inclusion of tongue image features. We compared the diagnostic performance of different algorithms using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, AUPR, and AUC.

Results

We classified patients with CAD using tongue images and found that this classification criterion was effective (ACC = 0.670, AUC = 0.690, Recall = 0.666). After comparing algorithms such as Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and XGBoost, we ultimately chose XGBoost to develop the CAD diagnosis algorithm. The performance of the CAD diagnosis algorithm developed solely based on risk factors was ACC = 0.730, Precision = 0.811, AUC = 0.763. When tongue features were integrated, the performance of the CAD diagnosis algorithm improved to ACC = 0.760, Precision = 0.773, AUC = 0.786, Recall = 0.850, indicating an enhancement in performance.

Conclusion

The use of tongue images in the diagnosis of CAD is feasible, and the inclusion of these features can enhance the performance of existing CAD diagnosis algorithms. We have customized this novel CAD diagnosis algorithm, which offers the advantages of being noninvasive, simple, and cost-effective. It is suitable for large-scale screening of CAD among hypertensive populations. Tongue image features may emerge as potential biomarkers and new risk indicators for CAD.
Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of female patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Rocamora-Horrach Mar , Peiró Óscar M. , Bardají Alfredo , Flores-Benítez Javier , Ivorra-Cámara Miguel , Carrasquer Anna , Ferreiro José Luis
Published: August 2024

Background

Cardiovascular disease has traditionally been studied predominantly in men, but understanding its manifestations in women is crucial for effective management. This study aims to evaluate the long-term prognosis of female patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) within a tertiary hospital setting in Spain.

Methods

Retrospective observational study based on a cohort of consecutive hospitalized patients with ACS from January 2009 to December 2014. Data on demographics, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes were collected, with a median follow-up of 9.2 years.

Results

Women with ACS, constituting 27.3% of 2,330 patients, were older and had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus compared to men. They presented with more non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and underwent less coronary angiography. Female patients were also less likely to be treated with acetylsalicylic acid, a second antiplatelet drug, or statins. Despite initial higher mortality rates [hazard ratio (HR) 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.49; p < 0.001], female patients exhibited a more favorable long-term prognosis after adjustments (adjusted HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.71–0.96; p = 0.014), even in the subgroup analysis excluding patients with unstable angina.

Conclusions

Women with ACS are more comorbid, but after adjustments, female sex appears to be a protective factor that confers a better long-term prognosis.
Research on line loss prediction of distribution network based on ensemble learning and feature selection
Authors: Zhang Ke , Zhang Yongwang , Li Jian , Jiang Zetao , Lu Yuxin , Zhao Binghui
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Accurate prediction of line losses in distribution networks is crucial for optimizing power system planning and network restructuring, as these losses significantly impact grid operation quality. This paper proposes a novel approach that combines advanced feature selection techniques with Stacking ensemble learning to enhance the effectiveness of distribution network loss analysis and assessment.

Methods

Utilizing data from 44 substations over an 18-month period, we integrated a Stacking ensemble learning model with multiple feature selection methods, including correlation coefficient, maximum information coefficient, and tree-based techniques. These methods were employed to identify the key predictors of power loss in the distribution network.

Results

The proposed model achieved a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.78% and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 1.53, demonstrating a substantial improvement over traditional linear regression-based prediction methods. The analysis revealed that historical line loss and line active power were the most influential predictive variables, while the inclusion of time-related features further refined the model's performance.

Discussion

This study highlights the efficacy of combining multiple feature selection methods with Stacking ensemble learning for predicting power loss in 10 kV distribution networks. The enhanced accuracy and reliability of the proposed model offer valuable insights for electrical engineering applications, potentially contributing to more efficient and sustainable energy distribution systems. Future research could explore the applicability of this approach to other distribution network voltage levels and investigate the incorporation of additional environmental and network-specific factors to further improve power loss prediction.
What can Nature-based Solutions in domestic gardens contribute to climate change adaption in Western-Europe? a systematic review
Authors: Teerlinck Janne , Wittemans Kelly , Beele Eva , Dewaelheyns Valerie , Steen Trui , Somers Ben
Published: August 2024

Research has shown that the collective network of domestic gardens could make a substantial contribution to climate change adaptation. One way to harness this contribution is by implementing Nature-based Solutions (NBS). However, due to the predominant focus on NBS applicable in large-scale and publicly available urban green areas, there is a lack of comprehensive research encompassing NBS specifically applicable to domestic gardens and their associated ecosystem services. Through a systematic review following the ROSES protocol, this paper provides an overview of the existing knowledge on small-scale NBS and climate resilient gardening practices, as well as, identifies research needs. This work contributes to the growing recognition of the spatial and ecological importance of domestic gardens for climate adaptation, and stresses the urgent need for more quantitative research on the range and effectiveness of ecosystem services provided by small-scale NBS. In this paper, we reflect upon the feasibility and practical implications of three specific NBS: the improvement of current lawn management practices, the reduction of sealed soil or pavement present, and the integration of trees in domestic gardens. We also acknowledge the potential of Citizen Science and governmental initiatives to engage citizens and improve the adoption of NBS in domestic gardens. Our work highlights the additional benefits and crucial role of urban planning and policy in integrating domestic gardens into broader climate adaptation strategies.
Proton pump inhibitor alters Th17/Treg balance and induces gut dysbiosis suppressing contact hypersensitivity reaction in mice
Authors: Strzępa Anna , Marcińska Katarzyna , Kiecka Aneta , Majewska-Szczepanik Monika , Szczepanik Marian
Published: August 2024

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as omeprazole, are the most commonly prescribed drugs. Treatment with PPIs alters gut microbiota composition and reduces the production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and proinflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α cytokines. Here, using the T cell-dependent contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response, an animal model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) that affects up to 30% of the population, we demonstrated that a two-week omeprazole treatment suppresses the development of CHS. Omeprazole treatment before CHS induction, reduced inflammatory response in ears measured by ear swelling, ear biopsy weight, MPO activity, and proinflammatory cytokine production. These changes were associated with reduced frequency of TCRαβ+ CD4+ IL-17A+ and TCRαβ+ CD8+ IL-17A+ T cells and increased frequency of TCRαβ+ CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Treg, and TCRαβ+ CD4+ IL-10+ Tr1 cells in peripheral lymphoid organs. Omeprazole treatment decreased the production of ROS, TNF-α, and IL-6, which supported Th17 cell induction, and increased the frequency of Clostridium cluster XIVab and Lactobacillus, implicated in Treg cell induction. The fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment confirmed the role of omeprazole-induced changes in gut microbiota profile in CHS suppression. Our data suggests that omeprazole ameliorates inflammatory response mediated by T-cells.
Efficacy and safety of different regimens of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive, her2-negative breast cancer: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Yongxiao , Huang Shibo , Wei Yanlin , Huang Miaoyan , Li Chunyan , Liang Weiming , Qin Tian
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The objective of this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) is to assess the effectiveness and safety of various neoadjuvant treatment protocols in individuals diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive, her2 negative(HR+/HER2-) breast cancer.

Materials and methods

A systematic search was conducted in four databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL) from the inception of the databases to January 16, 2024, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to various neoadjuvant therapy options in patients diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. A network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate pathological complete response (pCR).

Results

There were 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in the analysis. These trials examined 16 different treatment regimens and involved a total of 5752 participants. The analysis revealed that the six most effective neoadjuvant treatment regimens for HR+/HER2- breast cancer were: CT(A)+olaparib (82.5%), CT(A)+nivolumab (76.5%), Com (74.9%), CT (72.1%), Mono+eribulin (72.0%), and CT(A)+pembrolizumab (70.4%).Paired meta-analysis for pathological complete response (pCR) found no statistically significant distinction between treatment regimens that included both anthracycline and immunosuppressants and regimens that relied solely on anthracycline chemotherapy(OR:1.14, 95%ci 0.79-1.64, I2 = 71%, P=0.50). Similarly, there was no significant difference between platinum-based chemotherapy and anthracycline-basedchemotherapy(OR:1.37, 95%ci 0.53- 3.56, I2 = 11%, P=0.52). With regards to safety, adverse effects of grade 3-5 were observed, which included haematological toxicity, gastrointestinal reactions, skin and mucous membrane reactions, neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, and cardiac disorders.

Conclusions

The CT(A)+Olaparib and CT(A)+nivolumab groups demonstrated superior efficacy in neoadjuvant therapy for HR+/HER2- breast cancer. Furthermore, it is crucial to focus on effectively managing the adverse effects of the treatment plan to enhance patient’s ability to tolerate it. Given the constraints of the current research, additional well-executed and suitable RCTs are necessary to validate the findings of this investigation. Although pCR is valuable in assessing the effect of neoadjuvant therapy in some cases, prognostic prediction and efficacy assessment in patients with HR+/HER2- breast cancer should be based on a combination of broader clinical and biological characteristics.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024534539, CRD42024501740.
Ginsenoside Rg3 targets glycosylation of PD-L1 to enhance anti-tumor immunity in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Wei , Kong Min , Shen Fu , Li Ping , Chen Cheng , Li Yueqin , Li Cheng , Qian Zhiqiang , Zhong Aihua , Wang Yuhua , Yang Liang , He Fangkai , Li Weichun
Published: August 2024

Background

Reactivate the T cell immunity by PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade is widely used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, while the post-translational modification of Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is commonly existed in various cancer cells, thus increases the complexity and difficulty in therapy development. Ginsenoside Rg3 is an active component of traditional Chinese herb Ginseng with multiple pharmacological effects including immune regulation. However, the effect on the glycosylation of PD-L1 is unknown.

Methods

NSCLC cell lines were tested for glycosylation of PD-L1, and the potential mechanisms were investigated. Tumor cell-T cell coculture experiment was conducted and the activation of T cells and cytotoxicity were measured by flow cytometry. In vivo xenograft mouse tumor model was used to investigate the effects of Rg3 on PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression and tumor growth.

Results

Here, we identified PD-L1 is widely N-linked glycosylated in NSCLC cell lines, while Rg3 could inhibit the glycosylation of PD-L1 by downregulating the EGFR signaling and further activate GSK3b-mediated degradation, thus resulted in reduced PD-L1 expression. Moreover, the inhibition of PD-L1 glycosylation promoted the activation and cytotoxicity of T cells under coculture condition. In addition, Rg3 could decrease the tumor volume and enhance anti-tumor T cell immunity as evidence by the upregulated expression of Granzyme B and perforin in CD8+T cells, along with elevated serum IL-2, IFN-g and TNF-a level in Rg3-treated mice.

Conclusions

These results suggest that Rg3 inhibits PD-L1 glycosylation and thus enhance anti-tumor immunity, which provide new therapeutic insight into drug discovery.
Toxicity in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Keam Synat , Turner Naimah , Kugeratski Fernanda G. , Rico Rene , Colunga-Minutti Jocelynn , Poojary Rayansh , Alekseev Sayan , Patel Anisha B. , Li Yuanteng Jeff , Sheshadri Ajay , Loghin Monica E. , Woodman Karin , Aaroe Ashley E. , Hamidi Sarah , Iyer Priyanka Chandrasekhar , Palaskas Nicolas L. , Wang Yinghong , Nurieva Roza
Published: August 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) reinvigorate anti-tumor immune responses by disrupting co-inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4). Although ICIs have had unprecedented success and have become the standard of care for many cancers, they are often accompanied by off-target inflammation that can occur in any organ system. These immune related adverse events (irAEs) often require steroid use and/or cessation of ICI therapy, which can both lead to cancer progression. Although irAEs are common, the detailed molecular and immune mechanisms underlying their development are still elusive. To further our understanding of irAEs and develop effective treatment options, there is pressing need for preclinical models recapitulating the clinical settings. In this review, we describe current preclinical models and immune implications of ICI-induced skin toxicities, colitis, neurological and endocrine toxicities, pneumonitis, arthritis, and myocarditis along with their management.
Durable response to pembrolizumab in hepatic metastasis from colonic carcinoma with Lynch syndrome: a case report
Authors: Xue Cheng , Zhu Dongqing , Wang Xin , Jiao Lina , Lu Yunhui , Zhang Sanli , Lv Jiayi , Cui Linlin , Ruan Mengna , Xu Dechao , Liu Qingyang , Feng Yun , Mei Shuqin
Published: August 2024

Pembrolizumab and other immunotherapies have become central in treating metastatic colon cancer, particularly effective in patients with mismatch repair deficiencies. We report a case involving a man who initially underwent radical surgery for sigmoid colon cancer on April 27, 2011, followed by hepatic tumor resection on September 21, 2017. Post-surgery, he received eight cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with the CAPEOX regimen and was regularly monitored through CT and MRI scans. On August 24, 2022, liver metastases were detected, and he was diagnosed with Lynch syndrome (LS) due to germline mutation in the MSH2 and EPCAM genes. He commenced treatment with 200mg of pembrolizumab intravenously every three weeks on September 2, 2022, and demonstrated a sustained response. However, after 17 cycles, he developed a treatment related adverse event (TRAE) of pancreatic endocrine dysfunction, leading to type 1 diabetes, managed with subcutaneous insulin injections. After 30 cycles of treatment, no evidence of disease was observed. This case underscores the significant clinical benefits of first-line pembrolizumab in managing hepatic metastasis in colonic carcinoma associated with LS, despite the occurrence of TRAEs. It raises critical questions regarding the optimal duration of immunotherapy following a complete or partial response and whether treatment should be discontinued upon the emergency of TRAEs. Continued research and forthcoming clinical trials with checkpoint inhibitors are expected to refine treatment protocols for LS-associated carcinoma.
Shifting invertebrate distributions in the Barents Sea since pre-1900
Authors: Calvet Nathalie , Bluhm Bodil A. , Yoccoz Nigel Gilles , Altenburger Andreas
Published: August 2024

Marine invertebrate habitats are experiencing warming, and oceanic carbon dioxide levels are on the rise. These changes result in shifts in species distributions. Monitoring and understanding these shifts provides vital information because each species plays a unique ecological role, and the human utilization of marine species is intrinsically linked to their geographic locations. Here, we examine distribution shifts of marine invertebrates in the Barents Sea since pre-1900. Using data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, we analyzed species occurrences across warm, cold and mixed temperature zones, distinguishing between benthic and pelagic taxa. Our findings indicate community shifts in each of five separated time periods, with the most pronounced shifts occurring after 1980 in the cold and mixed zones, and earlier in the warm zone. The significant biogeographical changes at the community scale occurred both in benthic and pelagic realms, yet with differing trajectories in the period past 2000, and largely coincided with increased Atlantic Water inflow and reduced ice cover. Several invertebrate taxa exhibited a northward movement, falling into two categories: species migrating into the Barents Sea from the Norwegian mainland shelf, and those relocating from the southern Barents Sea to areas with mixed and colder temperatures. Some of these species may serve as indicator species for monitoring ecosystem and community change. The study highlights the importance of long-term datasets in quantifying community distribution shifts and understanding their ecological impacts.
Distribution patterns of antioxidants in the organs of anadromous fish Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822)—a profiling in different age groups for future application in anti-aging
Authors: Chakraborty Hena , Das Basanta Kumar , Chakraborty Nabanita , Sahoo Amiya Kumar , Maity Joydev
Published: August 2024

Antioxidants play a crucial role in maintaining health by scavenging free radicals that causes cellular damage and accelerates aging and disease. The present study focuses on the antioxidant levels in various organs of Hilsa fish, both male and female, with a weight range of 50 g to 780 g collected from the Hooghly River in the lower Gangetic plain. The study utilized commercially available free radicals such as, viz., 2,2′-azinobis-[3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] and ferric reducing antioxidant potential to measure the scavenging activity. The results indicated that female Hilsa fish possess higher levels of antioxidants (93.79 ± 0.26) compared to male counterparts (84.50 ± 0.65) in all organs, with levels increasing proportionally with weight. Interestingly, in males, the serum antioxidant profile was higher in the lower weight group (50–100 g), whereas, in females, the highest antioxidant activity was observed in the weight range of 300 g to 400 g. The present study was attempted for the first time to characterize the antioxidant distribution pattern in the different organs of Hilsa. These findings suggest that Hilsa fish organs, including serum, contain high levels of antioxidants that could significantly benefit human nutrition and potentially will contribute to anti-aging effects by incorporating Hilsa to their diet, which needs further clinical study.
Study on the effect factors of discharge readiness of total hip arthroplasty patients
Authors: Liu Pei , Chen Weiqiang , Shan Ying , Dai Liang , Qin Xianglan , Yang Haoze , Ji Xingchen , Tan Zhen , Yu Fei
Published: August 2024

Introduction

In order to explore the correlation between discharge readiness and Harris score or self-care ability of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) based on the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) concept. We carried out this single center retrospective study.

Methods

We enrolled 331 patients who underwent THA. These patients were divided into the higher score group and the lower score group according to median discharge readiness score. After the baseline data of these patients were compared, the effect factors of discharge readiness of these patients was analyzed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and mixed effects models.

Results

The results demonstrated that there was a correlation between discharge readiness and changes in Harris score 30 days after discharge (compared with that before surgery) in these patients. Besides, the Harris score and self-care ability 30 days after discharge were higher than those at the time of discharge. In addition, patients in the higher score group exhibited a higher Harris score compared with those in the lower score group. From the evaluation at different time points after discharge, there was a significant difference in the Harris score between both groups.

Discussion

It can be inferred that the discharge readiness of patients undergoing THA was correlated with the Harris score but not with the self-care ability. These results are expected to provide guidance for the physical and mental recovery of patients undergoing total hip replacement under the ERAS concept. Furthermore, these findings may contribute to higher diagnosis, treatment, and nursing levels of orthopedic medical staff.
The incidence and risk factors of depression across six time points in the perinatal period: a prospective study in China
Authors: Zhu Jue , Ye Youchun , Liu Xuan , Chen Yichen , Chen Lu , Lin Yi , Wang Qiming , Zhang Jing
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Perinatal depression (PND) affects approximately 15%–20% of women. This study aimed to determine the incidence of PND and identify risk factors.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted at the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to screen for PND. Classification models were constructed using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), and the optimal model was selected.

Results

Between March 2019 and August 2021, a total of 485 participants completed all valid questionnaires. Depression was observed in 75 (15.5%), 47 (9.7%), 25 (5.2%), 94 (19.4%), 85 (17.5%), and 43 (8.9%) cases during the first trimester, the second trimester, the third trimester, 1 week postpartum, 6 months postpartum, and 12 months postpartum, respectively. During the prenatal period, factors such as monthly income, employment status, marital status, and thyroid function significantly impacted depression. Additionally, factors including monthly income, employment status, marital status, parity, and unintended pregnancy were found to affect the likelihood of developing postpartum depression. XGBoost was chosen for its accuracy (0.9097) and precision (0.9005) in predicting prenatal depression, as well as for its accuracy (0.9253) and precision (0.9523) in predicting postpartum depression.

Discussion

In conclusion, the incidence of depression varies throughout the perinatal period, with different factors influencing prenatal and postpartum depression.
Efficient production of phenyllactic acid in Escherichia coli via metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization strategies
Authors: Wu Weibin , Chen Maosen , Li Chenxi , Zhong Jie , Xie Rusheng , Pan Zhibin , Lin Junhan , Qi Feng
Published: August 2024

Phenyllactic acid (PhLA), an important natural organic acid, can be used as a biopreservative, monomer of the novel polymeric material poly (phenyllactic acid), and raw material for various medicines. Herein, we achieved a high-level production of PhLA in Escherichia coli through the application of metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization strategies. First, the PhLA biosynthetic pathway was established in E. coli CGSC4510, and the phenylalanine biosynthetic pathway was disrupted to improve the carbon flux toward PhLA biosynthesis. Then, we increased the copy number of the key genes involved in the synthesis of the PhLA precursor phenylpyruvic acid. Concurrently, we disrupted the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway and enhanced the availability of phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate, thereby constructing the genetically engineered strain MG-P10. This strain was capable of producing 1.42 ± 0.02 g/L PhLA through shake flask fermentation. Furthermore, after optimizing the dissolved oxygen feedback feeding process and other conditions, the PhLA yield reached 52.89 ± 0.25 g/L in a 6 L fermenter. This study successfully utilized metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization strategies to lay a foundation for efficient PhLA production in E. coli as an industrial application.
Causal effects of gut microbiota on risk of overactive bladder symptoms: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Shen Chaodong , Fang Mengjie , Zhang Xiaolong , Zhu Zhirong , Chen Jiajian , Tang Guiliang
Published: August 2024

Background

Clinical observations indicate a correlation between the gut microbiota and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. Nevertheless, the causal relationship and mechanisms between gut microbiota and OAB symptoms remain elusive.

Methods

Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to assess the association between gut microbiota and OAB symptoms, including urinary incontinence (UI). Data were obtained from the MiBioGen International Consortium genome-wide association studies (GWAS) dataset and the IEU GWAS database. The inverse variance weighted method was used as the primary approach in the MR analysis, with the weighted median, MR-Egger, and weighted mode methods as supplementary approaches. Sensitivity analyses were employed to assess potential violations of the MR assumptions.

Results

Our analysis identified seven gut bacterial taxa with a causal relationship to OAB and nine gut bacterial taxa associated with UI. Genera Eubacteriumfissicatenumgroup, LachnospiraceaeNK4A136group, and Romboutsia were identified as protective factors against OAB, while genera Barnesiella, FamilyXIIIAD3011group, Odoribacter, and RuminococcaceaeUCG005 were associated with an increased risk of OAB. A higher abundance of the genus Coprococcus3, order Burkholderiales, and phylum Verrucomicrobia predicted a lower risk of UI. Conversely, the class Mollicutes, genus Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, order Mollicutes RF9, and phylum Firmicutes and Tenericutes were positively correlated with UI risk. The sensitivity analysis excluded the influence of potential heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.

Conclusion

This study revealed a causal relationship between gut microbiota and OAB symptoms, providing new insights and a theoretical foundation to identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with OAB symptoms.