bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The complexation of 2,4-dinitrophenol with basic drugs: Acid + base = salt
Authors: Plater M John , Harrison William TA
Published: July 2019

Different drugs containing a basic nitrogen atom were crystallised with 2,4-dinitrophenol to study the mode of complexation in search of an antidote to 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning. The protonated forms of quininium, quinidinium and trazodonium form N–H···O hydrogen bonds to the deprotonated O atom of the 2,4-dinitrophenolate anion, whereas haloperidolium forms a bifurcated N–H···(O,O) hydrogen bond to the deprotonated O atom of 2,4-dinitrophenol and an O atom of the adjacent nitro group. Hydrogen-bonded chains occur in the quininium, quinidinium and haloperidolium crystal structures, whereas the trazodonium structure consists of ion pairs. These results are discussed with a view to lowering the toxicity of 2,4-dinitrophenol in the body in the case of an overdose.
TIMP-3 as a therapeutic target for cancer
Authors: Su Chun-Wen , Lin Chiao-Wen , Yang Wei-En , Yang Shun-Fa
Published: July 2019

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), a secreted glycoprotein, plays an important role in carcinogenesis. It can bind to many proteinases to suppress their activity and thus protect the extracellular matrix from degradation. TIMP-3 may have many anticancer properties, including apoptosis induction and antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic activities. This review summarizes the structure, proteinase inhibition ability, genetic and epigenetic regulation, cancer therapy potential, and contribution to cancer development of TIMP-3. Furthermore, in this review we discuss its potential as a biomarker for predicting cancer progression and the current state of drugs that target TIMP-3, either alone or in combination with clinical treatment. In conclusion, TIMP-3 can be a biomarker of cancer and a potential target for cancer therapy. This review article can serve as a basis to understand how to modulate TIMP-3 levels as a drug target of cancers.
Finite element study of the effects of fragment shape and screw configuration on the mechanical behavior of tibial tubercle osteotomy
Authors: Chang Chih-Wei , Chen Yen-Nien , Li Chun-Ting , Chung Chi-Rung , Chang Chih-Han , Peng Yao-Te
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

Tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) is a surgical technique used in the management of severe fractures of the knee joint and revision total knee arthroplasty. Limited research discusses the performance of the osteotomy and fixation of the TTO with screws. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of fragment shape and screw configuration on the mechanical behavior in the fixation of the TTO using the finite element (FE) method.

Methods:

FE TTO models with three fragment shapes and three screw configurations were developed. The three fragment shapes were a step cut, bevel cut, and straight cut. The screw configurations were two parallel horizontal and downward screws and two trapezoidal screws. A 1654-N upward tension force was applied on the tibia tubercle, and the distal end of the tibia was completely fixed.

Results:

The results indicated that the step cut resulted in higher stability than the bevel and straight cut, but the stress was higher as well. Among the screw configurations, two parallel downward screws resulted in the highest stability, given the same fragment shape. In the horizontal configuration, the step cut tibia developed the largest contact force to achieve stability of the bone fragment under loading.

Conclusion:

The fragment shape with a step cut and fixation with two parallel horizontal or downward screws are suggested for TTO, while the trapezoidal screw configuration is not suggested. Furthermore, the downward screw configuration is a suitable strategy to reduce bone stress.
Wine glass size and wine sales: four replication studies in one restaurant and two bars
Authors: Clarke Natasha , Pechey Rachel , Pilling Mark , Hollands Gareth J. , Mantzari Eleni , Marteau Theresa M.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Previous research suggests that wine glass size affects sales of wine in bars, with more wine purchased when served in larger glasses. The current four studies, conducted in one restaurant (Studies 1 and 2) and two bars (Studies 3 and 4) in Cambridge, England, aim to establish the reproducibility of this effect of glass size on sales. A multiple treatment reversal design was used, involving wine being served in sequential fortnightly periods in different sized glasses of the same design (290 ml, 350 ml, and 450 ml). The primary outcome was daily wine volume (ml) sold.

Results

Restaurant: Daily wine volume sold was 13% (95% CI 2%, 24%) higher when served with 350 ml vs. 290 ml glasses in Study 1. A similar direction of effect was seen in Study 2 (6%; 95% CI − 1%, 15%). Bars: Daily wine volume sold was 21% (95% CI 9%, 35%) higher when served with 450 ml vs. 350 ml glasses in Study 3. This effect was not observed in Study 4 (− 7%, 95% CI − 16%, 3%). Meaningful differences were not demonstrated with any other glass comparison. These results partially replicate previous studies showing that larger glasses increase wine sales. Considerable uncertainty remains about the magnitude of any effect and the contexts in which it might occur.

Trial registration Study 1: ISRCTN17958895 (21/07/2017), Study 2: ISRCTN17097810 (29/03/2018), Study 3 and 4: ISRCTN39401124 (10/05/2018)
Crustal structure of Mesozoic rifting in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico from integration of seismic and potential fields data
Authors: Liu Mei , Filina Irina , Mann Paul
Published: July 2019

We have investigated the crustal structure of a 400 km wide zone of thinned continental crust in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) using gravity and magnetic modeling along two deeply penetrated seismic transects. Using this approach, we identify two zones of prominent, southward-dipping reflectors associated with 7–10 km thick, dense, and highly magnetic material. Previous workers have interpreted the zones as either coarse clastic redbeds of Mesozoic age that are tilted within half-grabens or seaward-dipping reflectors of magmatic origin. Both seismic reflection lines reveal a 10 km thick and 67 km wide northern zone of high density near the Florida coastline beneath the Apalachicola rift (AR). The southern zone of high density occurs 70 km to the south in the deepwater central GOM along the northern flank of the marginal rift, a 48 km wide, southeast-trending structure of inferred Late Jurassic age that is filled by 3 km of low-density and low-magnetic susceptibility sediments including complexly deformed salt deposits. We propose that these two subparallel rifts and their associated magmatic belts formed in the following sequence: (1) AR formed during Triassic-early Jurassic (210–163 Ma) phase 1 of diffuse continental stretching and was partially infilled on its northern edge by southward-dipping volcanic flows; and (2) the similarly southward-dipping southern magmatic zone formed adjacent to the marginal rift during the early phase 2 of late Jurassic (161–153 Ma) rifting of the GOM continental extension; this southern area of SDR formation immediately preceded the formation of the adjacent oceanic crust that separated the rift-related evaporates into the northern and southern GOM. Our integrated approach combining 2D seismic, gravity, and magnetic data sets results in a more confident delineation of these deep crustal features than from seismic data alone.
Basal Autophagy Deficiency Causes Thyroid Follicular Epithelial Cell Death in Mice
Authors: Kurashige Tomomi , Nakajima Yasuyo , Shimamura Mika , Matsuyama Mutsumi , Yamada Masanobu , Nakashima Masahiro , Nagayama Yuji
Published: July 2019

Autophagy is a catabolic process that involves the degradation of cellular components through the lysosomal machinery, relocating nutrients from unnecessary processes to more pivotal processes required for survival. It has been reported that systemic disruption of the Atg5 or Atg7 gene, a component of autophagy, is lethal and that its tissue-specific disruption causes tissue degeneration in several organs. However, the functional significance of autophagy in the thyroid glands remains unknown. Our preliminary data imply the possible involvement of dysfunctional autophagy in radiation-induced thyroid carcinogenesis. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of Atg5 gene knockout (KO) on thyroid morphology and function. To this end, Atg5flox/flox mice were crossed with TPO-Cre mice, yielding the thyroid follicular epithelial cell (thyrocyte)‒specific ATG5-deficient mice (Atg5thyr-KO/KO). Atg5 gene KO was confirmed by a lack of ATG5 expression, and disruption of autophagy was demonstrated by a decrease in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3–II puncta and an increase in p62. Atg5thyr-KO/KO mice were born normally, and thyroid morphology, thyroid weights, and serum T4 and TSH levels were almost normal at 4 months. However, at 8 and 12 months, a decrease in the number of thyrocytes and an increase in TUNEL+-thyrocytes were observed in Atg5thyr-KO/KO mice even though thyroid function was still normal. The number of irregularly shaped (gourd-shaped) follicles was also increased. Excess oxidative stress was indicated by increased 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and 53BP1 foci in Atg5thyr-KO/KO mice. These data demonstrate that thyrocytes gradually undergo degradation/cell death in the absence of basal levels of autophagy, indicating that autophagy is critical for the quality control of thyrocytes.
Ghosts of Dominican Past, Ghosts of Dominican Present
Authors: Seligmann Katerina Gonzalez
Published: July 2019

This essay examines important contributions made by Dixa Ramírez’s book Colonial Phantoms: Belonging and Refusal in the Dominican Americas, from the 19th Century to the Present (2018) to Dominican, Caribbean, and African diaspora literary and cultural studies. It argues for amplifying the study of imperial and nationalist forms of misrecognition, which Ramírez calls “ghosting.” It also argues that a focus on past and present exercises of power as ghosting may permit a greater understanding of stealthy—if often ambivalent—forms of resistance to empire and nationalism.
The Cruel Optimism of Mobility
Authors: Coates Jamie
Published: July 2019

Over the past thirty years, moving overseas has been a positively valued aspiration in China. On both a government level, and within popular discourse, migration has been propagated as a means to be better citizens, and a better nation, resonating with families’ desire for a better life. However, there are consequences for those who move, in terms of belonging and how they imagine their life projects. This article extends the established scholarship on mobility out of China by comparing the rhetorical construction of mobility with the experiences of Chinese migrants in Japan. Based on ethnographic fieldwork among educationally channeled Chinese migrants in Tokyo, I show how the imaginaries that shape migrant projects are constituted by conflicting aspirations and desires. The mismatch between daily experiences and discursively informed perceptions of what constitutes a “good life” and “success,” in many senses resemble what Lauren Berlant has called “cruel optimism.” Educationally channeled migration out of China is posited as a desirable object-idea that is “cruel” because the “cluster of promises” that constitute its “optimism” cannot be reconciled with the mobile lifeworlds of many Chinese transnational migrants. Due to the impossibility of simultaneously achieving the promises of success, pleasing one’s family, and attaining a sense of cosmopolitanism, many migrants resign themselves to the instabilities of mobile life. Their experiences are suggestive of the consequences of a world that increasingly celebrates mobility, with implications for how “being at home in the world” is imagined today.
Exogenous hydrogen sulfide mitigates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation through promoting autophagy via AMPK-mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Honggang , Zhong Peiyu , Sun Leilei
Published: July 2019

To investigate whether exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) could mitigate NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation through promoting autophagy via AMPK-mTOR pathway in L02 cells. L02 cells were stimulated with different concentrations of oleic acid (OA), then cell viability and the protein expression of NLRP3 and pro-caspase-1 were detected by MTT and western blot respectively to determine appropriate OA concentration used in this study. The cells were divided into 4 groups: the cells in control group were cultured with RPMI-1640 for 24.5 h; The cells in OA group were cultured with RPMI-1640 for 0.5 h, then were stimulated with 1.2 mmol/l OA for 24 h; The cells in NaHS+OA group were pretreated with sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS, a donor of H2S) 0.5 h before exposure to OA for 24 h. The cells in NaHS group were treated with NaHS 0.5 h, then were cultured with RPMI-1640 for 24 h. Subsequently the cells in every group were collected, the protein expression of NLRP3, procaspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, P62, LC3, Beclin1, T-AMPK, P-AMPK, T-mTOR, P-mTOR and the level of IL-1β were detected by western blot and ElISA respectively. Exogenous H2S reduced the level of NLRP3, caspase-1, P62, IL-1β and the ratio of P-mTOR/T-mTOR induced by OA, increased the ratio of LC3 II/I and the protein expression of Beclin1 suppressed by OA. This study demonstrated for the first time that H2S might suppress NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation induced by OA through promoting autophagy via AMPK-mTOR pathway. It provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of H2S.
Wound-induced polyploidization is driven by Myc and supports tissue repair in the presence of DNA damage
Authors: Grendler Janelle , Lowgren Sara , Mills Monique , Losick Vicki P.
Published: July 2019

Tissue repair usually requires either polyploid cell growth or cell division, but the molecular mechanism promoting polyploidy and limiting cell division remains poorly understood. Here, we find that injury to the adult Drosophila epithelium causes cells to enter the endocycle through the activation of Yorkie-dependent genes (Myc and E2f1). Myc is even sufficient to induce the endocycle in the uninjured post-mitotic epithelium. As result, epithelial cells enter S phase but mitosis is blocked by inhibition of mitotic gene expression. The mitotic cell cycle program can be activated by simultaneously expressing the Cdc25-like phosphatase String (stg), while genetically depleting APC/C E3 ligase fizzy-related (fzr). However, forcing cells to undergo mitosis is detrimental to wound repair as the adult fly epithelium accumulates DNA damage, and mitotic errors ensue when cells are forced to proliferate. In conclusion, we find that wound-induced polyploidization enables tissue repair when cell division is not a viable option.
Structures and Conducting Properties of Molecular Conductors Based on Dimethyl-substituted ST-STP
Authors: Kinoshita Naoya , Shirahata Takashi , Misaki Yohji
Published: July 2019

A bis-fused donor composed of dimethyl-tetrathiafulvalene and tetraselenafulvalene (DM-ST-STP) was successfully synthesized. X-ray structure analysis of the salts with PF6− and AsF6− anions revealed that the molecular packing could be classified as β-type. A tight-binding band calculation suggested these salts had a quasi-one-dimensional Fermi surface. They exhibited high conductivity of σrt = 390–540 S cm−1 and metallic behavior down to low temperature.
Βιοηθική και σύγχρονη τέχνη: παραδείγματα και ερωτήματα
Authors: Παπαδάκη (Niovi - Evgenia Papadaki) Νιόβη - Ευγενία
Published: July 2019

The aim of this essay is to portray the common paths of art and science from the aspect of bioethics. At first sight such a combination seems incompatible. However, in the process of approaching contemporary art, a series of concerns and questions emerge with regard to bioethics. Within this framework, examples of living organisms, animals, but also human bodies used in contemporary art, are presented. Through these examples bioethical issues are illustrated and positions in favor or against combining art and science are concluded.
Talent as an unintentional agent
Authors: Papageorgiou (Κωνσταντίνος Παπαγεωργίου) Konstantinos
Published: July 2019

Unintentional exposure is a novel concept. No single person has coined the term. It mainly refers to substances and activities affecting individuals without their consent – be it informed or not. In the broader field of applied ethics in general, and of bioethics in particular, the scope of application extends from nutrition (GM, functional food), to pollution (chemical-, air-, light-, noise-, radioactive contamination etc.), climate change, embryo rights, drug side-effects (especially in regard to chemotherapy), radiation (e.g. food), Permissible Exposure Limits, education and (bio-)terrorism. In the discussion about talent and giftedness1 there are two main approaches or schools of thought. On one hand, talent is conceived as an exclusive agent, in that some individuals are born more capable than others. On the other hand, a different school of thought advocates the modification of body and mind of all individuals in order for them to achieve similar levels of high performance. In the first case, individuals are bound to their nature, while in the latter instance they are prisoners of their environment –two equivalent positions in terms of autonomy and freedom. The latter will be argued to be the case; as a result, a connection with unintentional exposure will be established.
Ηθική και Δεοντολογία στη Χρησιμοποίηση Ζώων στη Βιοϊατρική Έρευνα
Authors: Κωστομητσόπουλος (Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos) Νικόλαος
Published: July 2019

Despite all the benefits, the use of animals in biomedical research was, and still is, a subject of debate with respect to its true usefulness. The sensitivity of the community and the interest of scientists working in the field of Laboratory Animal Science and Welfare have clearly demonstrated that the use of animals in biomedical research must be conducted under specific scientific, legal and ethical rules.The ethical justification of a research project starts from the initial designing phase of the project until the completion of the study and the review of the obtained results. Main considerations of an ethical documentation are: the precise definition of the goals of the project and the existing probabilities for its success; the selection of the appropriate animal model, the implementation of the 3Rs’ concept for replacement, reduction and refinement; a pilot study and a systematic review of previously published animal research on the topic; the availability of the appropriate facilities, equipment and expertise to guarantee high standards of animal accommodation, husbandry, care and use. The ethical documentation of a project by scientists themselves involves teamwork and a sustainable rather than a one-off procedure.The ethical justification of the laboratory animal research protocols reflects the interest and the responsibility of scientists for reduction and refinement of animal experimentation. This process built a trust relationship between scientists and the society.
Ευθανασία: Το σημαντικότερο πρόβλημα της Βιοηθικής
Authors: Δραγώνα - Μονάχου (Myrto Dragona-Monachou) Μυρτώ
Published: July 2019

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Surrogate Motherhood in Greece: Statistical Data Derived from Court Decisions
Authors: Ραβδάς (Pantelis Ravdas) Παντελής
Published: July 2019

Gestational surrogacy is legal in Greece since 2002, under conditions that include a court decision granting permission prior to the transfer of reproductive material to the gestational surrogate.Quantitative and qualitative statistical data compiled from 256 relevant court decisions issued between 2003 - 2017 outline the profile of intended mothers (and fathers) that resorted to gestational surrogacy as well as the profile of women that offered to become gestational carriers. Core aspects of the evergreen legal and social debate on surrogate motherhood are revisited under the light of this indicative part of its application in practice.
Grèce, le prix d'un enfant/ Public Sénat, 7/3/2016. H γαλλική οπτική της ελληνικής παρένθετης μητρότητας: κριτικές επισημάνσεις, θεωρητικές προεκτάσεις
Authors: Μαροπούλου (Marina Maropoulou) Μαρίνα
Published: July 2019

This paper reassesses surrogate motherhood as a legal category within the practice of bio-medicine, as well as a legal relation within the human family.The current study approaches the legal form of the received Greek legislation concerning gestational surrogate motherhood -the altruistic form of surrogate motherhood (non payment),through a multidimensional perspective.The shortcomings of the law regarding the legal understanding of surrogate mother's contribution and role, the stereotypical views concerning gender roles both within the private and the public domains, as well as the exclusive focus on the protection of the reproductive rights and the parental status of the intended parents result in the inability to identify the surrogate mother within a legal protective frame as mother, working person, citizen. This fact produces and reproduces a vicious circle. Surrogate mothers are recruited from an always already invisible social group, the poor immigrant women.The absence of their legal protection and acknowledgment forces them to remain in this condition of invisibility and secures the continuity of this reproductive labour. The paper also readdresses the surrogate motherhood as a bio-ethic issue, from a critical, gender sensitive viewpoint. It raises the question if this practice transforms the persons who give life into mere, anonymous biological material; it raises questions regarding the extent to which this practice commodifies and appropriates women’s bodies.The paper finally addresses a demand for a more comprehensive reproductive justice and a more inclusive social protection for surrogate motherhood.
Ευθανασία: Ηθικά διλήμματα πολιτισμικής αυτοσυνειδησίας
Authors: Κορναράκης (Konstantinos Kornarakis) Κωνσταντίνος
Published: July 2019

This paper focuses on the anthropological background of Euthanasia’s cultural profile, claiming that a cultural reception of Euthanasia should previously deal with anthropological questions such as patient’s autonomy and its relation to existential freedom, the fear of death, the meaning of personal experience of pain in shaping one’s own freedom and the cardinal importance of community’s role in patient’s palliative care. The theological thinking can contribute in this interscientific dialogue on the end of life, re-opening the question of the ontology of person and consequently the question of eschatology.
Η εγγενής αξία της ανθρώπινης ζωής κατά τον Ronald Dworkin: ένα υπόδειγμα αναστοχαστικής ισορροπίας
Authors: Βασιλόγιαννης (Philippos C. Vassiloyannis) Φίλιππος Κ.
Published: July 2019

Ronald Dworkin, in his monograph Life’s Dominion, discusses the intrinsic value of human life following an exemplary method. However, according to the author’s opinion, the final reflective equilibrium of Dworkin’s argumentation is based on two latent Kantian ideas relating to: a) the distinction between conviction and persuasion, and b) the practical postulate that all citizens should live together under strict conditions of liberty and equality i.e., respecting mutually each other’s reasonable beliefs (and in the present case, their reasonable beliefs about abortions and euthanasia).
Δημόσια υγεία και Βιοηθική: το έργο του επιδημιολόγου Mervyn Susser
Authors: Ασπραδάκη (Aikaterini Aspradaki) Αικατερίνη , Φιλαλήθης (Anastasios Philalithis) Αναστάσιος
Published: July 2019

The multidisciplinary academic and practical field of public health is increasingly interesting for researchers in bioethics. The current paper, whose aim is to explore the origins of the enquiries of bioethics with respect to public health, focuses on the 1960’s and 1970’s, a period when modern bioethics developed, but also a period when important developments occurred in public health. At that time, the scientific field of epidemiology draws the attention of pioneers in public health and many would describe it as a period of historical transition, in the development and establishment of modern epidemiological methods.The paper draws on the work of the epidemiologist Mervyn Susser, one of the great personalities of epidemiology in the 20th Century, and an exponent of a type of epidemiology that is deeply rooted in public health. He was a fighter for social justice, who, in his long scientific career, strived to demonstrate the interdependency of social injustice and the health of populations and who combined anti-apartheid politics, clinical practice, sociology, epidemiology, the study of the scientific method and history. His work ranks him amongst the founders of scientific areas such as social epidemiology, life-course epidemiology, genetic epidemiology, the epidemiology of neuro-developmental disorders and global health. The work of Susser in the 1960’s and 1970’s and its relevance to bioethics is presented in three phases: The first refers to causality in epidemiology, the second to the history of responsibilities in public health and the third to issues of ethics in epidemiology.It is concluded that the relationship between public health and bioethics shows strong common interests that are established and expanded in the 1960’s and 1970’s by scientists such as the epidemiologist Mervyn Susser. In the 21st Century, this relationship provides the basis for the cooperation between ethics and a public health- based epidemiology, in order to achieve a bioethically committed global social justice.
Ανοίγει ο δρόμος για την κλινική εφαρμογή της αντικατάστασης μιτοχονδρίων για την αποφυγή μιτοχονδριακών νοσημάτων
Authors: ΜΟλλάκη (Vasiliki Mollaki) Βασιλική
Published: July 2019

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The two-fold significance of Research Ethics Committees (RECs): ensuring ethical research but also providing indirect ethics training of researchers
Authors: Μολλάκη (Vasiliki Mollaki) Βασιλική
Published: July 2019

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Οι νευροεπιστήμες στις ψυχιατρικές πραγματογνωμοσύνες: ευρήματα από ομάδες εστίασης
Authors: Γκότση (Georgia Martha Gotsi) Γεωργία Μάρθα
Published: July 2019

Neuroscience is a rapidly growing scientific field, whose recent findings gain major interest in the field of criminal law and forensic psychiatry. Neuroscientific evidence is increasingly being used in criminal trials as part of psychiatric testimony, particularly in the US, but also in Europe.This article presents the findings of an empirical study with focus groups involving judges, lawyers, psychiatrists and neurologists, aiming to examine through a focus group interaction process, the use of neuroscientific data in psychiatric testimony from the perspective of all the actors involved in the criminal proceedings. In particular, the study aims to examine the way that neuroscientific evidence would likely be used by lawyers, the way that this evidence is perceived and interpreted by judges, as well as the opinion of psychiatrists - experts and neuroscientists concerning the usefulness, effectiveness and limitations of neurosciences’ use in criminal courts, especially in relation with the assessment of guilt and the assessment of the recidivism risk posed by an offender.
Causes of reporting bias: a theoretical framework
Authors: van der Steen Jenny T , ter Riet Gerben , van den Bogert Cornelis A , Bouter Lex M
Published: July 2019

Reporting of research findings is often selective. This threatens the validity of the published body of knowledge if the decision to report depends on the nature of the results. The evidence derived from studies on causes and mechanisms underlying selective reporting may help to avoid or reduce reporting bias. Such research should be guided by a theoretical framework of possible causal pathways that lead to reporting bias. We build upon a classification of determinants of selective reporting that we recently developed in a systematic review of the topic. The resulting theoretical framework features four clusters of causes. There are two clusters of necessary causes: (A) motivations (e.g. a preference for particular findings) and (B) means (e.g. a flexible study design). These two combined represent a sufficient cause for reporting bias to occur. The framework also features two clusters of component causes: (C) conflicts and balancing of interests referring to the individual or the team, and (D) pressures from science and society. The component causes may modify the effect of the necessary causes or may lead to reporting bias mediated through the necessary causes. Our theoretical framework is meant to inspire further research and to create awareness among researchers and end-users of research about reporting bias and its causes.
Higher Market Thickness Reduces Matching Rate in Online Platforms: Evidence from a Quasiexperiment
Authors: Li Jun , Netessine Serguei
Published: July 2019

Market thickness is a key parameter that can make or break a platform’s business model. Thicker markets can offer more opportunities for participants to meet and higher chances that a potential match exists. However, they can also be vulnerable to potential search frictions. In this paper, using data from an online peer-to-peer holiday property rental platform, we aim to identify and measure the causal impact of market thickness on matching rates. In particular, we exploit an exogenous shock to market size caused by a one-time migration of listings from other platforms, which gives rise to a quasiexperimental design. We find that increased market thickness actually leads to lower matching rates. Keeping search technology and other factors constant, doubling market size leads to a 15.4% reduction in traveler confirmation rate and a 15.9% reduction in host occupancy rate. As a result, the platform lost 5.6% of potential matches because of the increased market size. We attribute the effect to increased search friction: travelers’ search intensity increases by 18.3% when market size doubles. This effect is especially prominent when the matching needs to take place within a limited time. Our results offer insights for future empirical and theoretical research on matching markets. They also highlight that is important for platform owners to watch out for increased search frictions as markets grow and invest in search technologies to facilitate more efficient search.

This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
A consultation model for pre-test patient conversations
Authors: Jugdoyal Adrian
Published: July 2019

Adrian Jugdoyal, Post-Registration Lecturer at the University of West London, discusses how to talk to a patient before an investigation
Nutrition and malnutrition in liver disease: an overview
Authors: Mortimore Gerri
Published: July 2019

Gerri Mortimore, Senior Lecturer at the University of Derby, provides an updated clinical review on therapeutic options in light of the latest guidance
Research roundup: July 2019
Authors: Odd Dawn , Willis Angela , Seal Joanne
Published: July 2019

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles that may be of interest to health visitors is presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Are you guilty of unconscious bias?
Authors: Forbes Lisa
Published: July 2019

Lisa Forbes reflects on the phenomenon of bias, and its impact on the decisions we make and the actions we take
At a glance: Summer safety
Authors: Tinsley Elizabeth
Published: July 2019

More than 2 million children under the age of 15 years attend A&E departments each year after an accident in or around the home, and around 40 000 require a hospital admission. Many accidents and sunburn are preventable, and as the weather improves many children are encouraged outside to play; thus health visitors are well placed to remind parents of garden and sun safety advice.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Hayat Boyu Öğrenme ve Yetişkin Eğitimi Dersine Yönelik Görüşleri
Authors: İLİC Ulaş , HASESKİ Halil İbrahim
Published: July 2019

21. yüzyılda genç nesilleri hayata hazırlamak ve
bir ömür boyu kişisel, sosyal ve psikolojik açıdan gelişimsel gereksinimlerini
karşılayabilmelerini desteklemek için hayat boyu öğrenme ve yetişkin eğitimi
konusunda bilinç oluşturmak bir gereklilik taşımaktadır. Bu düşünceler
temelinde YÖK, eğitim fakülteleri için hazırladığı yeni lisans programlarında
Yetişkin Eğitimi ve Hayat Boyu Öğrenme isimli bir seçmeli ders oluşturmuştur.
Bu çalışmanın amacı öğretmen adaylarının söz konusu derse yönelik görüşlerini belirlemektir.
Hedeflenen amaç doğrultusunda planlanan nitel araştırma kapsamında, 2018-2019
eğitim-öğretim yılı güz döneminde Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde
farklı bölümlerde öğrenim görmekte olan 222 öğretmen adayının açık uçlu
sorularla yazılı görüşleri alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile
analiz edilmiş ve temalara ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen
adaylarının büyük çoğunluğunun bu dersten haberdar olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Ayrıca katılımcılar dersin gerekliliğini, dersi seçmeyi düşünme nedenlerini ve
dersten beklentilerini bireysel, sosyal, mesleki nedenler gibi çeşitli
gerekçelerle dile getirmişlerdir. Sonuçlar alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış ve
konuyla ilgili yapılacak yeni çalışmalara ve uygulamalara yönelik çeşitli öneriler
sunulmuştur.
Book Reviews
Authors: Grimes Matt , Murphy Michael Mary , Hollins Paul , Stewart Francis
Published: July 2019

Exist to Resist, by Matthew Smith (2017) Bristol: Mattko, 224 pp., ISBN: 978-0-99578-320-1 h/bk, £50

Vox 80–83, Garry O’Neill (ed.) (2019) Dublin: Hi Tone Books, 416 pp., ISBN 978-0-95694-936-3, p/bk, €40

Peepshow, Samantha Bennett (2018) New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 203 pp., ISBN 978-5-0132-186-3, p/bk, £12.99

Burning Down the Haus: Punk Rock, Revolution and the Fall of the Berlin Wall, Tim Mohr (2018) Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 363 pp., ISBN 978-1-61620-843-1, h/bk, £28.00
Conference Review
Authors: Loesch Adam
Published: July 2019

Fifth Punk Scholars Network Conference and Postgraduate Symposium, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK, 13–14 December 2018
Incisional Hernia After Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement: Importance of Avoiding the Linea Alba
Authors: Kachare Milind D. , Rossi Alexander J. , Mahpour Noah Y. , Davidov Tomer
Published: July 2019

A gastrostomy tube passes from a patient's stomach through the abdominal wall and allows for direct enteral access. An alternative to an open gastrostomy, a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is typically favored because it is a less invasive option. However, a thorough understanding of the anatomy involved is paramount to prevent complications, regardless of what technique is chosen for placement. We present a case of an incisional hernia, which developed after the removal of a PEG tube placed through the midline of an abdominal wall, which is both a rare and avoidable complication. Placement of a PEG tube lateral to midline and avoiding the linea alba, an inherent weak point, will decrease the incidence of incisional hernias.
Natural Killer–Like T-Cell Lymphoma: A Rare Cause of Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Shah Ishani , Vyas Neil , Reynolds Justin A.
Published: July 2019

Acute liver failure is characterized by encephalopathy and disruption of hepatic function, often requiring liver transplantation to prevent fatal consequences. We present a 33-year-old man with recurrent lymphoma presenting with acute liver failure, which was initially thought to be from drug-induced liver injury associated with his chemotherapy medication, asparaginase. However, liver biopsy revealed malignant infiltration by lymphoma. The subtype of lymphoma was natural killer–like T-cell lymphoma, which is an uncommon variant, and has rarely been associated with hepatic infiltration. His condition rapidly worsened with development of multiorgan failure leading to death.
Swiftlet Vocalization in Echolocation
Authors: Mahmud Nazriah , Hisham Khamis Nor , Yahya Azli , Harun Moktar , Baharom Ameruddin , Khalil Kamal , Abdul Rahim Arif
Published: July 2019

The design of compact dual band grid array antenna (GAA) designed on FR-4 substrate for future Fifth Generation (5G) Mobile Communications at 10 GHz is reported. The proposed antenna uses coaxial technique of feeding and has a dimension of 48 mm × 55 mm × 1.6 mm. Simulation results using CST microwave studio illustrates that the antenna has a band from 10.03 GHz to 10.68 GHz and another band from 10.7 GHz to 12.23 GHz. This excludes the 10.68 – 10.7 GHz band in which emissions were forbidden by the Radio Regulations in the sense that it has been allocated for the Radio Astronomy, Space Research and Earth Exploration Satellite (passive). The antenna has a maximum gain of 8.03 dBi at 10 GHz, thus a good candidate for the future 5G mobile communications.
A Comparative Study between Three-Legged and Tripod Sub-structures in Design of Offshore Wind Turbines in the Transition Water Depth
Authors: Khosravi Aliakbar , Wai Yeong Tuck , Parvez Anwar Mohammed , Jaganathana Jayaprakash , Leong Lau Teck , Elleithy Wael
Published: July 2019

This research aimed at investigating tripod and three-legged offshore wind turbine substructures. A comparison between the two substructures based on their weight as well as the installation method of piles, i.e. pre-piling and post-piling, was carried out. The in-place (Ultimate Limit State), Dynamic, natural frequency check and fatigue (Fatigue Limit State) analyses were conducted considering aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads imposed on substructures in 50m water depth. An optimisation process was carried out in order to reduce the mass of substructures. The results revealed that the three-legged substructure is more cost effective with 25% lesser structure mass. However, the construction of the three-legged structure usually takes more time due to increased number of members and subsequently welding joints. The results, furthermore, showed that the pre-piling method reduces the time and cost of offshore installation, and reduces the weight of piles by 50%.
Gluconic Acid Production from Potato Peel Wastes by Oxidation Using Silver(I) Ion
Authors: Mariappan Sagevindren , Shrivastava Preeti
Published: July 2019

Gluconic acid (GA) is a non-corrosive acid used in textile, food additives and pharmaceutical skin care products. Many synthetic approaches were proved costly to produce GA in bulk. Potato peel as domestic waste is rich in nutritional value as they could also be used as fertilizer for plantations. However, improper disposable of these waste could lead to serious environmental problems due to insufficient supply of oxygen leading to an anaerobic condition for the unwanted growth of harmful microorganisms. This bacterial pollution might lead to foul smell and contagious air pollution. An attempt was made by using this potato peel waste to produce GA chemically in normal experimental laboratory condition with high yields. In the process, it was also made to estimate the precious silver metal produced. In present study, potato peel was used to convert the starch in peel to GA and metal silver by oxidation using silver ions. Potato peel wastes were hydrolyzed in acidic medium, where the starch and cellulose in peel were converted into glucose. This glucose was converted into GA using ammonical solution of silver nitrate solution. GA was separated using water as a solvent. The yield of GA was quantified by physicochemical and spectrophotometric methods. The GA is quantified by titration and the yield was found as 68 ± 5% and the amount of silver metal powder was obtained 0.3±0.05 % per kilogram of potato peel waste. This process was simple, precise, accurate, environmental friendly, economical and meet the sustained development goals (SDG).
Overview on the Form-Finding of Tensegrity Structure
Authors: H. Nadia Farhana A. , L. OH C. , M. Yee H. , Anizahyati A.
Published: July 2019

This paper presents an overview of the previous research on the form finding structures which include tensegrity and biotensegrity structure. Tensegrity systems have been widely used for many applications due to the stability and flexibility of the structures. On technologies era nowadays, a stable structure is needed to implement for new developments especially robotics and machineries. Therefore, the importance of finding the shape or design configuration is to ensure it is in self-equilibrium which able to support itself. In order to build new structures which lies on general requirement, previous researchers have proposed several form-finding methods for instance by using force density method, advance force density method, finite element method, dynamic relaxation method, genetic algorithm, novel linear approach and Monte Carlo method. What kind of stable structures can be produced and how efficient the structures by using those methods? In this paper, understanding on the form-finding methods and various numerical examples of form-finding conducted in previous studies are presented to enhance researchersâ€™ knowledge on the form-finding of tensegrity structures.Â Â
Plantain Peel Mediated Green Synthesis Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Surface Functionalization, and Them Performance towards Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Dye Removal
Authors: Giun Tan Woan , Ming Ng Wei , Kang Lim Jit , Xin Che Hui
Published: July 2019

Currently, green synthesis approach is used as the biocompatible, eco-friendly, and sustainable alternative of conventional approaches to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles. In this work, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using plantain peel extract via green and biogenic approach. The surface of green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles was functionalized to increase the stability of the nanoparticles and maintain the coexisting of both magnetic and catalytic property of the nanoparticles at the same time. Two kinds of surface functionalization structures were synthesized in this study, included silica core-iron oxide shell nanoparticles and silica core-PDDA polymerized iron oxide shell nanoparticles. The main concern of this study is the performance of bare and surface functionalized green synthesized nanoparticles. Methylene blue and methyl orange dyes were used as the model of dye removal test to indicate the feasibility of the synthesized nanocomposites. In summary, surface functionalized nanocomposites achieved higher dye removal efficiency than bare green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles in both the methylene blue and methyl orange degradation test. Methylene blue dye was removed in higher rate than methyl orange dye due to the presence of negatively charged iron oxide nanoparticles with both the adsorptive and catalytic properties. At last, the components present in plantain peel extract were confirmed by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.Â Â
Investigation of Pulse Electric Field Effect on HT29 Cell Alignment Properties Cultured on Laminin Micro-Patterned Surface
Authors: Buhari Mamman Hassan , Mahadi Abdul Jamil Muhammad , Ahmed Bawa Mohammed , Nazib Adon Mohamad
Published: July 2019

Pulse electric field (PEF) is a way of generating transient holes in the cell membrane. This is achieved by exposing the cell to a high voltage electric field of usually of short duration. The application of PEF to the cell cannot only open pores in the cell membrane but can also affect the cell physiology. Extracellular matrix protein is the major regulator of many cellular functions such as proliferation, adhesion and migration. PEF was also found to modulate these cellular behaviours. However, a combined influence of PEF and ECM on cellular behaviour which could further enhances the cellular processes for wound healing application via directed cell migration has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of PEF in combination with ECM on the cell guidance and self-assemble monolayer of HT29 cell line. Cell alignment was investigated via micro-contact printing techniques. The results of the study have shown that PEF has improved the HT29 cell alignment and elongation by more than 40%. Since tissue development in multicellular organisms in the course of wound healing depends on the cell adhesion process which can be influence by electrostatic charges. Therefore, manipulation of substrate charge by patterning the substrate and application of PEF to enhance cell adhesion is a promising scheme that can regulate cell guidance for wound healing application.Â Â Â
Vibro-Acoustics for Reli-ability Modeling of Un-derwater Pipeline using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), with Minimum Energy Consumption
Authors: Saleh Yusuf , Sani Yahya Muhammad , Bukar Dala Aliyu
Published: July 2019

WSN is a network of clusters of sensors nodes which sense the parameter and communicates to a server. Target is to develop underwater pipeline monitoring system remotely with lower energy consumption. Reliability maintenance will effectively give optimum performance of pipeline system operation.Â  Reliability ensures optimum performance in the range of operation based on the behavior of the system. Validation of the mathematical model for the flow in pipeline system is used to study vibrations as elements that affect the reliability of the pipeline. In this, the focus is to validate and model the reliability for the pipeline system from the vibrations for predictive maintenance and optimum performance. Subsequently, vibro-acoustics will be used to model the reliability equation. A software can be developed for simulating the reliability model for pipeline system behavior from the vibration factors and use for predictive maintenance. Reliability factors of mean time to failure, repair and others will be put in to use to develop the original model for the pipeline. A hypothesis of 90% predictive model from the reliability under pipeline system behavior will be developed.Â Â
Exploring Subjective Well-Being Factors with Support Vector Machine
Authors: Ni Du , K. Lim Ming , Xiao Zhi , Feng Xiaodong
Published: July 2019

National-level Subjective well-being (SWB) is known to be associated with six traditional factors, that is, GDP per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, social freedom, generosity, and absence of corruption, but debates persist about the variability of these six factors. Whether the predicting in SWB is based only on these six factors or not? Are there any country-specific factors? Thus, we examined these two questions with the data sets from World Happiness Report and OECD database for U.S.. By control-ling the other factors except only one, we employed Support Vector Machine (SVM) to identify the weight of each factor without worrying about the limitations caused by the small size of the sample in years. We found that another three factors (protein con-sumption, fruit consumption and physician ratio among all employee) in addition to the six traditional factors can also affect na-tional-level SWB in U.S.; Moreover, the power of SVW in prediction is as high as 95.08%, which is much greater than that present-ed by the linear regression models (74.3%).Â