bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mises en discours de la mort dans le Journal de Marie Uguay
Authors: Parent Catherine
Published: February 2023

Le Journal de Marie Uguay se présente comme un accès privilégié à l’expérience intime que vit l’écrivaine alors que la mort promise par la maladie permet l’émergence de réflexions qui façonnent autant un nouveau rapport au monde qu’un rapport à soi transformé. Si, par le statut posthume du Journal, le lectorat connaît déjà la finalité de l’oeuvre, il n’en demeure pas moins que le bouleversement engendré par la maladie et la mort dévoile chez Uguay une part d’agentivité puisque l’acte d’écrire lui permet de rejouer son sort selon ses propres modalités. Ainsi, cet article propose de se pencher sur la thématique de la mort tant au sein du Journal d’Uguay que dans sa réception critique. Plus précisément, il sera question d’aborder l’écriture à la fois comme une reprise de pouvoir sur la vie et une lutte pour celle-ci.
Particulate matter resuspension from simulated urban green floors using a wind tunnel-mounted closed chamber
Authors: Seo Inhye , Park Chan Ryul , Yoo Gayoung
Published: February 2023

Background

Green areas are thought to reduce particulate matter (PM) concentrations in urban environments. Plants are the key to PM reduction via various mechanisms, although most mechanisms do not lead to the complete removal of PM. Ultimately, PM falls into the soil via wind and rainfall. However, the fallen PM can re-entrain the atmosphere, which can affect plants capacity to reduce PM. In this study, we simulated an urban green floor and measured the resuspension of PM from the surface using a new experimental system, a wind tunnel-mounted closed chamber.

Methods

The developed system is capable of quantifying the resuspension rate at the millimeter scale, which is measured by using the 1 mm node chain. This is adequate for simulating in situ green floors, including fallen branches and leaves. This addressed limitations from previous studies which focused on micrometer-scale surfaces. In this study, the surfaces consisted of three types: bare sand soil, broadleaves, and coniferous leaves. The resuspended PM was measured using a light-scattering dust detector.

Results

The resuspension rate was highest of 14.45×10−4 s−1 on broad-leaved surfaces and lowest on coniferous surfaces of 5.35×10−4 s−1 (p < 0.05) and was not proportional to the millimeter-scale surface roughness measured by the roller chain method. This might be due to the lower roughness density of the broad-leaved surface, which can cause more turbulence for PM resuspension. Moreover, the size distribution of the resuspended PM indicated that the particles tended to agglomerate at 2.5 µm after resuspension.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the management of fallen leaves on the urban green floor is important in controlling PM concentrations and that the coniferous floor is more effective than the broadleaved floor in reducing PM resuspension. Future studies using the new system can be expanded to derive PM management strategies by diversifying the PM types, surfaces, and atmospheric conditions.
When Love and Hate Collide: The Influence of Conflict on Employees' Turnover Intention
Authors: Haeruddin M. Ikhwan Maulana , Natsir Uhud Darmawan , Aslam Annisa Paramaswary , Aswar Nurul Fadilah , Mustafa Muh. Yushar
Published: February 2023

This study examined the partial effect of individual conflict employees at Karya Multi Reksa on turnover intention at Karya Multi Reksa. The research used saturated technique where all the population was employed as a sample, totaling 51 casual employees at Karya Multi Reksa. Data collection approaches in this study were observation, bibliography/documentation, and questionnaires. Data analysis technique used were validity and reliability test, classic assumption test, simple regression test, and test hypothesis using SPSS. Based on the research results, it was discovered that conflict significant effect on turnover intention employees at Karya Multi Reksa partially. Based on the determination (R2) of 0.491or 49.1%, meaning that the independent variable (X) was individual conflict the influence contribution of 49.1% on the dependent variable (Y) was turnover intention. The remaining 50.9% was influenced by other factors that are not researched.
The Risk of Capital Flight on Economic Growth and National Solvency: An Empirical Evidence from Palestine
Authors: Faza’ Mustafa , Badwan Nemer
Published: February 2023

Capital flight is a serious concern and threat to any country's economy, regardless of its level of development, because it represents a squandered investment that lays the way for future problems. The capital flight occurred in Palestine as a result of economic mismanagement, which was worsened by bad policy decisions that robbed the government of much-needed financial resources. This research investigates the consequences of capital flight on Palestinian economic growth. To obtain these results, they used yearly time series data from (1981 to 2021). The Autoregressive Distributed Lag ARDL model is used to investigate the research variables and data gathered from various sources. The findings reveal that factors such as real GDP in Palestine, capital flight, foreign reserves, foreign debt, and domestic investment are all connected in the long and short term. Moreover, the outcomes of various transactions show that capital flight has a negative and significant impact. In contrast, foreign currency reserves, public debt, and direct investment positively influence long-term economic growth. To curb the growing flood of capital flight, the government must implement realistic economic reform programs. These economic improvements must concentrate on these three areas to achieve strong macroeconomic stability, openness and accountability in public finance management and a supportive environment for local production.
A New Inverse Pareto Distribution
Authors: Abdelall Yassmen, Y.
Published: February 2023

New distribution of inverse Pareto using kumaraswamy generalized distribution called Kumaraswamy generalized inverse Pareto distribution is introduced in this paper. The proposed model is applicable in the study of variety of fields. Several properties of the proposed distribution, including explicit expressions for the quantile, moments, moment generating function and are studied. The maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate parameters model and to derive the information matrix of it. Simulation study is carried out to evaluate the estimated parameters. The performance of the new model is examined using real data set comparing with widely known distributions.
Performance of Different Varieties of Jasmine (Jasminum sambac) under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions
Authors: Anoopdas S. G. , Fatmi Urfi
Published: February 2023

The present investigation entitled Performance of different varieties of jasmine (Jasminum sambac) under Prayagraj agro-climatic conditions. was undertaken in the Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, during August, 2021 to October, 2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 07 varieties, replicated thrice. The variety V4 (U.P. Local) performed significantly better for all the growth parameters like plant height (95.57 cm), number of leaves (118.50), plant spread (60.45 cm), and number of branches (24.50). Variety V5 (Gundumalli) was found superior in terms of bud diameter (24.83 mm), shelf life (5.58 days), average flower bud weight (0.75 g), flower yield per plant (1.46 kg), flower yield per hectare (58.4 q), and benefit cost ratio (4.15) ). So this variety can be used for better quality, flower yield and benefit cost ratio. Hence the variety V5 (Gundumalli) can be recommended for commercial cultivation under Prayagraj agro-climatic conditions.
Diversity and Distribution of Woody Species in Agrosystems in the Maradi Region along a North-Central-South Gradient
Authors: Rahamane Ibrahim Kasso A. , Moussa Massaoudou , Moussa Baragé , Larwanou Mahamane , Félix Zounon Christian Serge
Published: February 2023

This study aims to characterize the diversity and distribution of woody forage species in the agrosystems of the Maradi region along a North-Central-South gradient. Data were collected in 187 plots of 50 x 50 m2 each, i.e., 2500 m² in area. These data were subjected to a factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) followed by a hierarchical ascending classification (HAC) with 50% similarity, which allowed the identification of three plant groupings, G1, G2, and G3, that characterize the Dakoro, Guidan Roumdji, and Madarounfa sites respectively. The results showed that a total of 13 families were identified in all zones, with a predominance of Fabaceae in Guidan Roumdji (81.25%), Dakoro (70.68%), and Madarounfa (41.35%). The highest tree density was obtained in Madarounfa (10.43 individuals/ha), followed by Guidan Roumdji (7.76 individuals/ha), and finally Dakoro (7.6 individuals/ha). The most dominant biological types are microphanerophytes in Guidan Roumdji (92.19%), followed by Mesophanerophytes in Dakoro (65.05%) and Madarounfa (62%). For the phytogeographic type, Sudano-Zambezian-Saharo-Sindian (SZ-Sah.S) species are the most dominant, followed by Sudano-Zambezian (SZ) species for all zones with more than 84%. These results can be indicators for decision-making in the region's fight against the degradation of plant biodiversity.
Sotos Syndrome Type 1 and Type 2: Case Series of 4 Pediatric Patients with Variants in NSD1 and NFIX Genes
Authors: Kumaraku Afërdita Tako , Aleksi Kristi , Bushati Aida , Shehu Armand , Tomori Sonila , Kollçaku Laurant , Gjikopulli Agim , Meçani Renald , Cullufi Paskal
Published: February 2023

Sotos syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance, marked by overgrowth with macrocephaly, a distinctive facial appearance, and intellectual impairment. It occurs due to pathogenic variants encompassing the NSD1 gene. In addition, Sotos-like syndromes are also recognized, including Malan syndrome, known as Sotos syndrome type 2, which is caused by variants encompassing the NFIX gene.

Herein we present a series of 3 pediatric patients diagnosed with Sotos syndrome type 1 and 1 patient with Sotos syndrome type 2 and discuss their genotypes and phenotypes.
Safety and Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Costoclavicular Brachial Plexus Block versus Interscalene Block in Adult Patients Undergoing Shoulder Surgery. A Prospective Randomized Double Blinded Study
Authors: Sadakah Nada Abd Elfattah , Abusabaa Motaz Amr , Elshmaa Nagat Sayed , Elnassr Lobna Mohamed Abu , Dowidar Abd El-Raheem Mostafa
Published: February 2023

Background: Adults who have shoulder surgery often experience acute postoperative pain; around 45% of individuals experience significant pain in the first few days after surgery. The aim of this work was to compare safety and efficacy of ultrasound guided costoclavicular brachial plexus block versus interscalene block in adult patients undergoing shoulder surgery.

Methods: This prospective randomized controlled double blinded study was carried out on 80 patients admitted for shoulder surgery. Patients were divided into two equal groups: Group I: Ultrasound guided Interscalene Block (ISB), in this group brachial plexus was blocked by 15 ml of levobupivacaine 0.5%, and group II: Ultrasound guided costoclavicular brachial plexus block (CCBPB), in this group brachial plexus was blocked by 20 ml of levobupivacaine 0.5%.

Results: The onset of sensory block was significantly shorter in ISB group (P<0.001). The incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis was statistically significant higher in ISB group (P<0.001). At various measurement periods, there was no discernible difference in VAS between the two groups (p > 0.05). There was no statistically substantial difference between the two groups for the initial rescue analgesic need (P=0.080).

Conclusions: Although, ultrasound guided CCBPB and ISB has the same efficacy on providing postoperative analgesia for shoulder surgery, CCBPB is safer than ISB because it decreases the incidence of postoperative complications as hemidiaphragmatic paralysis (HDP), hoarseness of voice, pneumothorax, Horner's syndrome, and local anaesthetic systemic toxicity.
Clinical Associations of Degos-Like Lesions in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Song Paula , Li Shufeng , Lewis Matthew A. , Fiorentino David F. , Chung Lorinda
Published: February 2023

Importance

Degos-like lesions are cutaneous manifestations of a small-vessel vasculopathy that appear as atrophic, porcelain-white papules with red, telangiectatic borders. No study has adequately examined Degos-like lesions in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Objective

To characterize the serologic, cutaneous, and internal organ manifestations associated with Degos-like lesions in a large cohort of patients with SSc.

Design, Settings, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study involved adult patients with SSc who were seen at Stanford Rheumatologic Dermatology Clinic between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2018. Participants fulfilled the 2013 classification criteria for SSc. Data analysis was conducted from February 1 to June 1, 2019.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Data on demographic characteristics; autoantibody status; clinical characteristics, including cutaneous and systemic manifestations of SSc; and presence of Degos-like lesions were collected.

Results

The cohort comprised 506 patients with SSc (447 females [88.3%]; mean [SD] age at first non–Raynaud disease symptoms, 46.1 [15.2] years). Twenty-seven patients (5.3%) had Degos-like lesions, of whom 24 (89.0%) had lesions affecting the fingers. Patients with Degos-like lesions were more likely to have diffuse cutaneous SSc compared with patients without lesions (15 [55.6%] vs 181 [37.8%]; P = .04). Degos-like lesions were also associated with acro-osteolysis (10 [37.0%] vs 62 [12.9%]; P < .01), digital ulcers (15 [55.6%] vs 173 [36.1%]; P = .04), and calcinosis (15 [55.6%] vs 115 [24.0%]; P < .01). While Degos-like lesions were not associated with internal organ manifestations, such as scleroderma renal crisis, interstitial lung disease, or pulmonary arterial hypertension, there was P < .10 for the association with gastric antral vascular ectasia.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this study suggest an association of Degos-like lesions with diffuse cutaneous SSc and other cutaneous manifestations of vasculopathy, including acro-osteolysis, calcinosis, and digital ulcers. A prospective longitudinal study is warranted to examine the onset of Degos-like lesions and to elucidate whether these lesions play a role in SSc.
Essential updates 2020/2021: Recent topics in surgery and perioperative therapy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Ozawa Soji , Uchi Yusuke , Ando Tomofumi , Hayashi Koki , Aoki Takuma
Published: February 2023

In this review, we focused on four topics, namely, minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE), robot‐assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE), conversion and salvage surgery, and neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, based on notable reports published in the years 2020 and 2021. It seems that while the short‐term outcomes of minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MIE‐IL) were better than those of open Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (OE‐IL), there were no significant differences in the long‐term outcomes between MIE‐IL and OE‐IL. Similarly, the short‐term outcomes of minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (MIE‐MK) were better than those of open McKeown esophagectomy (OE‐MK), while there were no significant differences in the long‐term outcomes between MIE‐MK and OE‐MK. Furthermore, the short‐term outcomes of robot‐assisted minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (RAMIE‐IL) were superior to those of completely minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (CMIE‐IL). On the other hand, there were advantages and disadvantages in relation to the short‐term outcomes of robot‐assisted minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (RAMIE‐MK) as compared with completely minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (CMIE‐MK). However, there were no significant differences in the long‐term outcomes between RAMIE‐MK and CMIE‐MK. Further research is needed to evaluate of short‐term and long‐term outcomes of transmediastinal esophagectomy with and without robotic assistance. Both induction chemotherapy and induction chemoradiotherapy appear to be promising to secure a higher rate of conversion surgery. Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and chemoimmunoradiotherapy have shown promising results and are expected as new powerful therapies.
Recent applications of mass spectrometry in the analysis of transformation products of emerging contaminants in PM2.5
Authors: Wang Wei , Cao Guodong , Zhang Jing , Qiao Han , Wang Fuyue , Cai Zongwei
Published: February 2023

Ambient pollution correlated to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a worldwide environmental issue as it is highly associated with human health and eco‐environmental safety. A significant part regarding the toxicity of PM2.5 is attributed to its bonded contaminants. Appreciable efforts have been performed to study the occurrence, exposure, and toxicological properties of chemicals of emerging concerns in PM2.5. Recent works indicated a broad environmental transformation of emerging contaminants in the atmospheric environment and highlighted the significance of PM2.5 bonded transformation products, which may exhibit higher environmental concentrations and toxicities compared to their parent compounds. Among these studies, mass spectrometry has been widely applied for the analysis of transformation products of emerging contaminants in PM2.5 on the aspects of suspect/non‐target screening, structure elucidation, concentration profiling, and toxicity determination. This review describes key mass spectrometry‐based analytical strategies and applications for determining transformation products in PM2.5 and presents outlooks for their analysis.
Solution‐Processed Synthesis of Nano‐Sized Argyrodite Solid Electrolytes with Cavitation Effect for High Performance All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huh Youngjun , Gon Lee Hae , Cho Chang‐Min , Park Jun‐Woo , Gon Kim Byung , Lee You‐Jin , Park Heetaek , Ha Yoon‐Cheol , Choi Jeong‐Hee , Yi Jeongdoo , Lee Sang‐Min , In Lee Je , Park Jun‐Ho
Published: February 2023

To mitigate poor contact issues between electrolyte/electrode materials interfaces of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSB), we newly introduce a novel solution‐processed synthesis that exploits the differences in the boiling point and polarity of the two solvents (i. e., methanol, and toluene), with a cavitation effect by bubbling inert gas. Through this process, called solvent exchange with bubbles (SEB), the Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte is synthesized with a particle size below 800 nm and sufficient ionic conductivity of 1.54 mS/cm at 25 °C. In addition, the ASSB cell consisting of the cathode electrode with Li6PS5Cl synthesized by the SEB exhibited a high capacity of 176 mAh/g at 0.1 C (55 °C) owing to the improved contact between the electrode and solid electrolyte. In particular, the rate capability of the cell is superior to that of a cell with Li6PS5Cl prepared by ball milling.
Comprehensive understanding and rational regulation of microenvironment for gas‐involving electrochemical reactions
Authors: Cheng Qiyang , Wang Mengfan , Ni Jiajie , Zhang Lifang , Cheng Yu , Zhou Xi , Cao Yufeng , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin
Published: February 2023

Substantial progress has been made in the understanding of gas‐involving electrochemical reactions recently for the sake of clean, renewable, and efficient energy technologies. However, the specific influence mechanism of the microenvironment at the reaction interface on the electrocatalytic performance (activity, selectivity, and durability) remains unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the interfacial microenvironment of gas‐involving electrocatalysis, including carbon dioxide reduction reaction and nitrogen reduction reaction, and classify the factors affecting the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics into gas diffusion, proton supply, and electron transfer. This categorization allows a systematic survey of the literature focusing on electrolyzer‐level (optimization of the device, control of the experimental condition, and design of the working electrode), electrolyte‐level (increase of gas solubility, regulation of proton supply, and substitution of anodic reaction), and electrocatalyst‐level strategies (promotion of gas affinity, adjustment of hydrophobicity, and enhancement of conductivity), aiming to retrieve the correlations between the microenvironment and electrochemical performance. Finally, priorities for future studies are suggested to support the comprehensive improvement of next‐generation gas‐involving electrochemical reactions.
A network‐theoretical perspective on oscillator‐based Ising machines
Authors: Al Beattie Bakr , Ochs Karlheinz
Published: February 2023

The standard van Neumann computer excels at many things. However, it can be very inefficient in solving optimization problems with a large solution space. For that reason, a novel analog approach, the oscillator‐based Ising machine, has been proposed as a better alternative for dealing with such problems. In this work, we review the concept of oscillator‐based Ising machine and address how optimization problems can be mapped onto such machines when the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) formulation is given. Furthermore, we provide an ideal circuit that can be used in combination with the wave digital concept for real‐time simulated annealing. The functionality of this circuit is explained on the basis of a Lyapunov stability analysis. The latter also provides an answer for the decision‐making question: When has the Ising machine solved a mapped problem? At the end, we provide emulation results demonstrating the correlation between functionality and stability. Our results are based on an eigenvalue analysis of the linearized system and demonstrate that all eigenvalues converge to the left complex half plane, once an optimization problem has been optimally solved. This implies that the system enters an attractor region and is hence forced to eventually converge to the optimal solution.
Climate‐informed forecasts reveal dramatic local habitat shifts and population uncertainty for northern boreal caribou
Authors: Stewart Frances E. C. , Micheletti Tatiane , Cumming Steven G. , Barros Ceres , Chubaty Alex M. , Dookie Amanda L. , Duclos Isabelle , Eddy Ian , Haché Samuel , Hodson James , Hughes Josie , Johnson Cheryl A. , Leblond Mathieu , Schmiegelow Fiona K. A. , Tremblay Junior A. , McIntire Eliot J. B.
Published: February 2023

Most research on boreal populations of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) has been conducted in areas of high anthropogenic disturbance. However, a large portion of the species' range overlaps relatively pristine areas primarily affected by natural disturbances, such as wildfire. Climate‐driven habitat change is a key concern for the conservation of boreal‐dependent species, where management decisions have yet to consider knowledge from multiple ecological domains integrated into a cohesive and spatially explicit forecast of species‐specific habitat and demography. We used a novel ecological forecasting framework to provide climate‐sensitive projections of habitat and demography for five boreal caribou monitoring areas within the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, over 90 years. Importantly, we quantify uncertainty around forecasted mean values. Our results suggest habitat suitability may increase in central and southwest regions of the NWT's Taiga Plains ecozone but decrease in southern and northwestern regions driven by conversion of coniferous to deciduous forests. We do not project that boreal caribou population growth rates will change despite forecasted changes to habitat suitability. Our results emphasize the importance of efforts to protect and restore northern boreal caribou habitat despite climate uncertainty while highlighting expected spatial variations that are important considerations for local people who rely on them. An ability to reproduce previous work, and critical thought when incorporating sources of uncertainty, will be important to refine forecasts, derive management decisions, and improve conservation efficacy for northern species at risk.
Recent fire in a Mediterranean ecosystem strengthens hoverfly populations and their interaction networks with plants
Authors: Nakas Georgios , Kantsa Aphrodite , Vujić Ante , Mescher Mark C. , De Moraes Consuelo Μ. , Petanidou Theodora
Published: February 2023

Fire affects many critical ecological processes, including pollination, and effects of climate change on fire regimes may have profound consequences that are difficult to predict. Considerable work has examined effects of fire on pollinator diversity, but relatively few studies have examined these effects on interaction networks including those of pollinators other than bees. We examined the effects of a severe wildfire on hoverfly pollinators in a Mediterranean island system. Using data collected over 3 consecutive years at burnt and unburnt sites, we documented differences in species diversity, abundance, and functional traits, as well as hoverfly interactions with flowering plants. Hoverfly abundance and species richness peaked during the first post‐fire flowering season (year 1), which coincided with the presence of many opportunistic species. Also in year 1, hoverfly pollination networks were larger, less specialized, more nested, and less modular at burnt (vs. unburnt) sites; furthermore, these networks exhibited higher phylogenetic host‐plant diversity. These effects declined over the next 2 years, with burnt and unburnt sites converging in similarity to hoverfly communities and interaction networks. While data obtained over 3 years provide a clear timeline of initial post‐fire recovery, we emphasize the importance of longer‐term monitoring for understanding the responses of natural communities to wildfires, which are projected to become more frequent and more destructive in the future.
Recent Advancements in the Synthetic Mechanism and Surface Engineering of Transition Metal Selenides for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications
Authors: Khan Saraf , Ullah Nabi , Mahmood Asim , Saad Muhammad , Ullah Zakir , Ahmad Waqar , Ullah Sami
Published: February 2023

Novel catalytic materials are under investigation to find convincing energy alternatives. In this context, transition metal selenides (TMSes) are found to be feasible, ecofriendly, and effective electrocatalysts with futuristic characteristics. A deep and comprehensive investigation on metal selenides for energy conversion and storage application is summarized in this review article. Different methods such as hydrothermal, solvothermal, coprecipitation, hot injection, successive ionic layer adsorption reaction, polyol, and others can be used for the synthesis of metal selenides based electrocatalysts, with different morphologies and compositions. The morphology of metal selenides is strongly controlled by factors such as reaction time, temperature, pH of the reaction medium, and surfactant. The electrochemical applications of metal selenides are governed by morphology, active spots for reaction, surface engineering, and confinement. It is concluded that TMSes deliver high performance with large surface area, which is possible due to their porous or 3D morphology. The TMSes with multimetal or with doping metal/nonmetals perform better compared to single atoms. It is concluded that the reaction mechanism of hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction is a primary tool to better understand the system to develop more efficient catalysts for practical application.
Dual‐Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Technologies
Authors: Cui Tianchen , Liu Qiming , Chen Shaowei
Published: February 2023

Rational design and engineering of high‐performance, low‐cost electrocatalysts represents a critical first step in the development of sustainable energy technologies. While single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as viable candidates, recent research has shown that the structure and activity can be further manipulated and enhanced by the incorporation of a second metal center in the close proximity, forming a binuclear configuration. Such dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) are recognized as feasible choices to break the limitations of SACs due to the synergetic effects between the bimetallic atoms and their special structures. Herein, the recent advances of DAC electrocatalysis for a range of important reactions, focusing on their synthesis, characterization, and performance, are summarized. The review is concluded with a perspective highlighting the challenges and future research directions.
Combination of pimitespib (TAS‐116) with sunitinib is an effective therapy for imatinib‐resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Teranishi Ryugo , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Obata Yuuki , Nishida Toshirou , Ohkubo Shuichi , Kazuno Hiromi , Saito Yurina , Serada Satoshi , Fujimoto Minoru , Kurokawa Yukinori , Saito Takuro , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Yamashita Kotaro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Hirota Seiichi , Naka Tetsuji , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro
Published: February 2023

Despite the effectiveness of imatinib, most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) develop resistance to the treatment, mainly due to the reactivation of KIT tyrosine kinase activity. Sunitinib, which inhibits the phosphorylation of KIT and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, has been established as second‐line therapy for GISTs. The recently‐developed heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor pimitespib (PIM; TAS‐116) demonstrated clinical benefits in some clinical trials; however, the effects were limited. The aim of our study was therefore to clarify the effectiveness and mechanism of the combination of PIM with sunitinib for imatinib‐resistant GISTs. We evaluated the efficacy and mechanism of the combination of PIM with sunitinib against imatinib‐resistant GIST using imatinib‐resistant GIST cell lines and murine xenograft models. In vitro analysis demonstrated that PIM and sunitinib combination therapy strongly inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in imatinib‐resistant GIST cell lines by inhibiting KIT signaling and decreasing auto‐phosphorylated KIT in the Golgi apparatus. In addition, PIM and sunitinib combination therapy enhanced antitumor responses in the murine xenograft models compared to individual therapies. Further analysis of the xenograft models showed that the combination therapy not only downregulated the KIT signaling pathway but also decreased the tumor microvessel density. Furthermore, we found that PIM suppressed VEGF expression in GIST cells by suppressing protein kinase D2 and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha, which are both HSP90 client proteins. In conclusion, the combination of PIM and sunitinib is effective against imatinib‐resistant GIST via the downregulation of KIT signaling and angiogenic signaling pathways.
Network orchestration in a large inter‐organizational project
Authors: Roehrich Jens K. , Kalra Jas , Squire Brian , Davies Andrew
Published: February 2023

Multiple organizations working jointly on shared activities in inter‐organizational projects for a defined period of time are used increasingly to coordinate the supply of complex products, subsystems, and services across many industries. Despite the growth in inter‐organizational networks as an organizational form, scholars have only recently begun to identify how lead organizations orchestrate the coordination of multiple parties with disparate goals, responsibilities, and capabilities. Prior work offers limited insights into the choice of network governance forms, and how coordination is undertaken by the network orchestrator to govern these networks. We conducted a longitudinal study of four networks to deliver vital services into a large project. We identified how the choice of network governance form was based on task complexity. A shared governance form was chosen for networks developed to deliver routine services, whereas a lead organization governance form was chosen for networks set up to deliver complex services. However, findings showed that the selection of an appropriate governance form was not sufficient for ensuring high performance. The network orchestrator's mode of coordination (formal or informal), the intensity of coordination (active or passive), and fit with the form of governance form (shared or lead organization governed) was important in driving performance.
Dose‐Dependent Glucocorticoid Regulation of Transcription Factors in Vocal Fold Fibroblasts and Macrophages
Authors: Nakamura Ryosuke , Bing Renjie , Gartling Gary J. , Garabedian Michael J. , Branski Ryan C.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Variable outcomes of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy for laryngeal disease are putatively due to diverse interactions of the GC receptor (GR) with cell signaling pathways, limited consideration regarding concentration‐dependent effects, and inconsistent selection of GCs. In the current study, we evaluated the concentration‐dependent effects of three frequently administered GCs on transcription factors with an emphasis on the phosphorylation of GR at Ser203 and Ser211 regulating the nuclear translocation of GR. This study provides foundational data regarding the diverse functions of GCs to optimize therapeutic approaches.

Study design

In vitro.

Methods

Human vocal fold fibroblasts and THP1‐derived macrophages were treated with different concentrations of dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, and triamcinolone in combination with IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, or IL4. Phosphorylated STAT1, NF‐κB family molecules, and phosphorylated STAT6 were analyzed by Western blotting. Ser211‐phosphorylated GR (S211‐pGR) levels relative to GAPDH and Ser203‐phosphorylated GR (S203‐pGR) were also analyzed.

Results

GCs differentially altered phosphorylated STAT1 and NF‐κB family molecules in different cell types under IFN‐γ and TNF‐α stimuli. GCs did not alter phosphorylated STAT6 in IL4‐treated macrophages. The three GCs were nearly equivalent. A lower concentration of dexamethasone increased S211‐pGR/GAPDH ratios relative to increased S211‐pGR/S203‐pGR ratios regardless of cell type and treatment.

Conclusion

The three GCs employed in two cell lines had nearly equivalent effects on transcription factor regulation. Relatively high levels of Ser203‐phosphorylation at low GC concentrations may be related to concentration‐dependent differential effects of GCs in the two cell lines.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:2704–2711, 2023
Pulmonary arteries segmentation from CT images using PA‐Net with attention module and contour loss
Authors: Yuan Chengyan , Song Shuni , Yang Jinzhong , Sun Yu , Yang Benqiang , Xu Lisheng
Published: February 2023

Background: Pulmonary embolism is a kind of cardiovascular disease that threatens human life and health. Since pulmonary embolism exists in the pulmonary artery, improving the segmentation accuracy of pulmonary artery is the key to the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Traditional medical image segmentation methods have limited effectiveness in pulmonary artery segmentation. In recent years, deep learning methods have been gradually adopted to solve complex problems in the field of medical image segmentation.

Purpose: Due to the irregular shape of the pulmonary artery and the adjacent‐complex tissues, the accuracy of the existing pulmonary artery segmentation methods based on deep learning needs to be improved. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a segmentation network, which can obtain higher segmentation accuracy and further improve the diagnosis effect.

Methods: In this study, the pulmonary artery segmentation performance from the network model and loss function is improved, proposing a pulmonary artery segmentation network (PA‐Net) to segment the pulmonary artery region from 2D CT images. Reverse Attention and edge attention are used to enhance the expression ability of the boundary. In addition, to better use feature information, the channel attention module is introduced in the decoder to highlight the important channel features and suppress the unimportant channels. Due to blurred boundaries, pixels near the boundaries of the pulmonary artery may be difficult to segment. Therefore, a new contour loss function based on the active contour model is proposed in this study to segment the target region by assigning dynamic weights to false positive and false negative regions and accurately predict the boundary structure.

Results: The experimental results show that the segmentation accuracy of this proposed method is significantly improved in comparison with state‐of‐the‐art segmentation methods, and the Dice coefficient is 0.938 ± 0.035, which is also confirmed from the 3D reconstruction results.

Conclusions: Our proposed method can accurately segment pulmonary artery structure. This new development will provide the possibility for further rapid diagnosis of pulmonary artery diseases such as pulmonary embolism. Code is available at https://github.com/Yuanyan19/PA‐Net.
Numerical Analysis of Black Phosphorus‐Assisted Copper‐Based Bimetallic‐Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor
Authors: Guo Yan , Su Xianglong , Chen Bohuan , Liu Shuang , Wei Kaihua
Published: February 2023

Atomically thin black phosphorus (BP) is an emerging 2D material with excellent optical and electrical properties. Copper (Cu) and platinum (Pt) are plasmonic metals due to their outstanding electrical properties. Here, Cu–Pt as the plasmonic bimetal is used, BP as the sensing substrate combined with a composite layer of titanium dioxide–silicon dioxide (TiO2–SiO2) to achieve significant enhancement in sensitivity. All of the calculations are based on the transfer matrix method and Fresnel equations. Through systematic optimization of all parameters, the configuration of TiO2(15 nm)/SiO2 (5 nm)/Cu (26 nm)/Pt (9 nm)/BP (4 layers) is achieved, where the sensitivity of 533° RIU−1 reaches 390% of pure copper‐based biosensor. There is a linear range of sensitivity with the change of refractive index for this optimal configuration. The detection limit of the refractive index change can be as low as 2 × 10−7 RIU, two orders of magnitude lower compared with that of pure copper‐based sensors, indicating great potential to detect trace biomolecules.
Magnetotransport Study of Dirac Metal FeSn Thin Films Grown on Silicon Substrates
Authors: Bhattarai Niraj , Forbes Andrew W. , Saqat Raghad S. H. , Pegg Ian L. , Philip John
Published: February 2023

Thin films of iron–tin alloy FeSn are grown on silicon substrates and their structural and transport properties are investigated for the first time. Herein, the molecular beam epitaxy method is used to grow 50 and 30 nm thick FeSn films on silicon substrates containing 10 nm of MgO as a buffer layer. The films are characterized structurally using an X‐ray diffractometer, showing a hexagonal crystal structure with the space group P6/mmm (191). The results from electrical and magnetotransport measurements show these films exhibit characteristics close to metals. Herein, the magnetotransport properties of the thin films which show positive magnetoresistance and sample‐dependent Hall effect with possible multiband transport are further measured.
Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Cuprous Oxide: Bulk Crystal versus Crystalline Films
Authors: Soltanmohammadi Mina , Spurio Eleonora , Gloystein Alexander , Luches Paola , Nilius Niklas
Published: February 2023

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) crystals and films of 10–65 nm thickness are investigated via electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at temperature between 100 to 300 K. While the chemical composition and surface morphology of both systems are identical, large differences are found in the optical response. Bulk Cu2O shows pronounced PL peaks at 620, 730, and 920 nm, compatible with the radiative decay of free and bound excitons, whereas broad and asymmetric peaks at 775 and 850 nm are found for Cu2O films grown on Au(111) and Pt(111) supports. The latter represent the PL signature of VO2+ and VO+ defects, being inserted with substrate‐dependent concentrations due to the oxygen‐poor preparation of the Cu2O films. Despite the strong VO signature in PL, all Cu2O samples show p‐type conductance behavior in STM spectroscopy, indicating an abundance of Cu defects in the lattice. The fact that O vacancies still govern the thin‐film PL is explained by a more efficient recombination via VO‐ than Vcu‐emission channels, as the latter requires exciton formation first. Herein, the high sensitivity of low‐temperature PL to probe the defect landscape of dielectrics, being neither reached by photoelectron spectroscopy nor scanning probe techniques is demonstrated.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzo[d] thiazolyl‐Sulfonyl‐Benzo[4,5]isothiazolo [2,3‐c][1,2,3] triazole Derivatives as EGFR Targeting Anticancer Agents
Authors: Ramya Sucharitha E. , Kumar Nukala Satheesh , Swamy Thirukovela Narasimha , Palabindela Rambabu , Sreerama Rakesh , Narsimha Sirassu
Published: February 2023

A one‐step procedure for the synthesis of new fused Benzo[d]thiazolo‐1,2,3‐triazoles (3 a–3 h and 4 a–4 h) in good yields using sulfonylazides (2) and iodoalkyne (1) through from the 5‐iodo 1,2,3‐triazole generated in situ was developed. Among all, compounds 5‐chloro‐3‐(((1,1‐dioxidobenzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)sulfonyl)methyl)benzo[4,5]isothiazolo[2,3‐c] [1,2,3]triazole 8,8‐dioxide (3 e), 3‐(((1,1‐dioxidobenzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)sulfonyl)methyl)‐5‐fluorobenzo[4,5]isothiazolo [2,3‐c][1,2,3]triazole 8,8‐dioxide (3 f), 5‐bromo‐3‐(((5‐bromo‐1,1‐dioxidobenzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)sulfonyl)methyl)benzo [4,5]isothiazolo[2,3‐c][1,2,3]triazole 8,8‐dioxide (4 d), 3‐(((5‐bromo‐1,1‐dioxidobenzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)sulfonyl)methyl)‐5‐chlorobenzo [4,5]isothiazolo[2,3‐c][1,2,3]triazole 8,8‐dioxide (4 e) and 3‐(((5‐bromo‐1,1‐dioxidobenzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)sulfonyl)methyl)‐5‐fluorobenzo [4,5] isothiazolo[2,3‐c][1,2,3]triazole 8,8‐dioxide (4 f) showed superior activity against A‐549 and good activity against the MCF‐7. Later, in vitro EGFR results revealed that compounds 4 e and 4 f indicated promising potency with IC50 values of 0.316±0.07 and 0.211±0.09 μM respectively. In silico studies of five potent compounds were also carried out to identify interactions against EGFR receptors and found that the energy calculations were consistent with the IC50 values obtained. In silico pharmacokinetic profile was predicted for potent compounds 3 e, 3 f, 4 d, 4 e, and 4 f using SWISS/ADME and pkCSM, where, all the compounds followed the Lipinski rule without any deviation.
AIE gel exhibiting continuous gradient fluorescence based on a polar‐responsive AIE‐gen
Authors: Hu Ziqing , Zhang Hanwei , Liu Hui , Li Jinsa , Ji Xiaofan , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: February 2023

Traditional multicolor fluorescent hydrogels are generated through the assembly of discrete fluorescent hydrogels, which is not a complete integration much distinct from living organisms. On the basis of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), a special solvent polar‐responsive AIE molecule possessing a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) effect was noticed. By incorporating it into the gel network, an AIE gel that displays continuous gradient fluorescence was fabricated. First, hydrogel A containing the solvent polar‐responsive AIE‐gen was prepared to show orange fluorescence. After soaking in the organic solvents, the fluorescence color transition of hydrogel A ranging from orange to green occurred when being immersed in high‐polarity organic solvents ascribed to the embedded AIE‐gen owning TICT effect. Then, hydrogel A was successively lifted up from organic solvents. Due to the different immersion time of each section for the hydrogel, the polarity difference occurred. Then, the produced gel B showed continuous gradient fluorescence ranging from orange to green under the irradiation of UV light.
2D/3D Perovskite: A Step toward Commercialization of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Tao , Dai Tingting , Li Xiong
Published: February 2023

Perovskite materials have demonstrated excellent performance in the field of solar cells, and the device efficiency has already exceeded 25%. However, to date, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have not been able to achieve large‐scale production. The biggest obstacle to commercializing PSCs is the stability problem that has been widely criticized since their inception. In the last 5 years, the emergence of 2D/3D perovskites has provided a new way to solve this problem. In this review, the representative work on 2D/3D perovskites is summarized, focusing on how 2D/3D structures can simultaneously improve device efficiency and stability. Starting from materials, the current perovskite material system with 2D/3D structure, as well as the bulky organic molecules used to prepare 2D/3D perovskites, is summarized and the corresponding preparation methods are discussed. After that, the influence of the 2D/3D structure on the crystallization of perovskites, the passivation, stabilization, and protection of 2D perovskite on 3D perovskite, and the mechanism of the 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction are discussed in depth. In the end, the development of 2D/3D perovskite from the aspects of research status, advantages, problems encountered, and future research directions is analyzed and prospected.
An algebra of observables for de Sitter space
Authors: Chandrasekaran Venkatesa , Longo Roberto , Penington Geoff , Witten Edward
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We describe an algebra of observables for a static patch in de Sitter space, with operators gravitationally dressed to the worldline of an observer. The algebra is a von Neumann algebra of Type II1. There is a natural notion of entropy for a state of such an algebra. There is a maximum entropy state, which corresponds to empty de Sitter space, and the entropy of any semiclassical state of the Type II1 algebras agrees, up to an additive constant independent of the state, with the expected generalized entropy Sgen = (A/4GN) + Sout. An arbitrary additive constant is present because of the renormalization that is involved in defining entropy for a Type II1 algebra.
Techno-economic model-based design space exploration of ‘combined’ ship propulsion systems
Authors: Batra Amit , Sampath Suresh , Nikolaidis Theoklis , Pilidis Pericles
Published: February 2023

The architecture of a ship propulsion system, developed during early stages of the overall ship design process, has a very large impact on the overall design and performance of the ship. The design space exploration to arrive at the final ship propulsion architecture can be a rather complex process for high-performance 'combined' ship propulsion systems designed to achieve multiple, often conflicting, design objectives. This paper proposes a novel process for the process of design space exploration based on a model-based ‘Techno-economic & Environmental Risk Assessment’ (TERA) approach, executed using a hybrid ‘Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making’ (MCDM) procedure, to select a compromise solution from competing propulsion system architectures populating the design space. The process utilizes a combination of performance data generated from performance simulation of developed models, as well as comparative expert opinions-based metrics for information not available early in the ship design process for selection of a 'compromise solution'. The paper includes an illustrative example of application of the proposed process for design space exploration for a combined propulsion system architecture for a notional destroyer.