bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of FSH Stimulation of Ovaries on in vitro Maturation of Sahiwal Oocytes Collected by Ovum Pick-up (OPU) Method
Authors: Vennapureddy Sandeep , Arunakumari G. , Reddy K. Chandrashekar , Reddy K. Ramachandra , Ambica G.
Published: March 2022

Background: For conservation of breeds and faster multiplication of superior germplasm in a short period, ovum pick-up- In vitro embryo production (OPU-IVEP) in combination with embryo transfer (ET) can be a viable alternative to the multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of FSH stimulation on follicular population, oocyte recovery rate and in vitro maturation of oocytes collected by ovum pick-up in Sahiwal cows. Methods: Sixteen Sahiwal cows aged 3-6 years were randomly divided into two groups. Animals in group 1 (Non-stimulated, n=8) were subjected to ovum pick-up (OPU) twice at 96h interval at random stage of estrous cycle. Animals in group 2 (FSH stimulated, n=8) were subjected to FSH prestimulation (Follitropin-V, 200 mg i/m in 3 tapering doses 100, 60, 40 mg) prior to OPU 1 and with a duration of 96 hrs interval OPU 2 performed. Result: There was significant difference (p less than 0.05) observed between FSH stimulated and non-stimulated group in mean number of follicles available for aspiration (15.31±1.56 and 6.88±0.55, respectively), mean number of oocytes recovered (4.94±0.70 and 3.25±0.40, respectively), cumulus cell expansion rate (92.95 and 83.7% respectively) and 1st polar body extrusion rate (74.64 and 67.44%, respectively). In conclusion, 200 mg of FSH stimulation with decreasing dose prior to OPU increased the follicular population and increased more number of medium and large follicles available for aspiration. FSH pre-treatment also improved the mean number of oocyte recovery and maturation rate compared to non-stimulated group.
Growth and Yield Responses of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) as Influenced by Crop Geometry and Nutrient Management Practices
Authors: Begam Ankita , Pramanick Mahadev , Dutta Susanta , Ray Manabendra , Sengupta Kajal
Published: March 2022

Background: Inclusion of legume with cereal as an intercrop ensure crop nutrition and enhanced soil quality. Combine application of organic manure with inorganic fertilizer minimizes the soil hazard and improves crop productivity in a significant manner. Methods: The experiment on Kharif maize +cowpea intercropping system was carried out at ‘Jaguli Instructional Farm’ of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, under the New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal in 2019-2020 to investigate the influence of crop geometry and nutrient management practices on growth and yield responses of legume (cowpea). The experiment was laid out with a split-plot design. The main plot had five crop geometry and a sub plot comprised five nutrient management practices, which were replicated thrice. Result: From the pooled data of two years experiment, the intercropping system of 1M:1C (Maize: Cowpea) (C3) perform better in respect of growth attributes, viz., leaves plant-1, LAI, branches plant-1 and CGR; yield reflecting attributes viz., pods plant-1, pod length, pod and forage yield of cowpea (1.30 and 5.49 t ha-1) and crop (maize) equivalent yield of cowpea (1.76 t ha-1) although the maximum values were attained from sole cowpea treatment (C2). Nutrient management practices with the application of 75% N as chemical + 25% N as organic with seaweed application (N2) recorded greater growth and yield viz., pod, forage and crop (maize) equivalent yield (1.51, 6 and 2.01 t ha-1), respectively. Total nodules plant-1 were significantly influenced by crop geometry and nutrient management, whereas the total chlorophyll content of cowpea was significantly varied with nutrient management. Regression studies depicted the negative functional relationship between pod yield and canopy temperature, whereas the relationship between intercepted photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and pod yield was positive.
Aging Love: A Sexual Health Model for Older Adults
Authors: Flores-Yuen Katrina , Ziegler Erin
Published: March 2022

Older adults can remain sexually active despite reproductive and sexual changes. Increases in sexual activity are associated with divorce, separation, widowhood, freedom of expression, and freedom from responsibilities. Possibly from misperceptions and/or lack of knowledge and education, some older adults practice poor sexual health behaviors. Healthcare practitioners, along with educational and political institutions, hold misperceptions and lack knowledge, education, and training in older adults ‘sexual health. This article explores older adults ‘sexual health and the role of nurses, guided by the Health Belief Model and aesthetic knowing, and presents Aging Love: A Photo Series, created to reflect nursing care of older adults ‘sexual health.
Nivel de conocimientos sobre prevención del abuso sexual en menores de una comunidad Shipibo-Conibo en Lima, Perú
Authors: Javier Pedrajas Rosa Luz
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Identificar los niveles de conocimientos sobre la prevención del abuso sexual infantil y las características sociodemográficas en estudiantes del nivel primario de una institución educativa de la comunidad Shipibo-Conibo en Lima Metropolitana. La recolección de datos se realizó de junio a diciembre del 2018. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, que tuvo una muestra conformada por 42 alumnos del tercer al sexto grado de primaria. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta y el instrumento fue el “Cuestionario sobre conocimientos acerca del abuso sexual para alumnos/as”. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento sobre prevención del abuso sexual que predominó fue el nivel medio, con 73,8 %; seguido del nivel bajo, con 14,3 %, y sólo 11,9 % en el nivel alto. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento sobre la prevención del abuso sexual infantil se encuentra en nivel medio; sin embargo, los estudiantes confunden el abuso sexual con el maltrato físico, presentando una idea errónea de que los abusadores no pueden ser personas conocidas, que la agresión se da en lugares lejanos y oscuros y que pueden ser identificados por su apariencia física.
Asociación entre la atención prehospitalaria y la mortalidad de pacientes ingresados con lesiones graves por accidentes de tránsito en un Hospital Nacional en Lima-Perú
Authors: Huincho Evelyn
Published: March 2022

Los accidentes de tránsito constituyen uno de los principales problemas de salud pública, ante esta situación la atención pre hospitalaria es un sistema adoptado para la reducción de la mortalidad frente a estos eventos crecientes. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación existente entre la atención prehospitalaria y la mortalidad de pacientes ingresado con lesiones graves por accidentes de tránsito. Material y Métodos: La información analizada procede de un estudio documental, retrospectivo, desarrollado en el Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue de Lima-Perú durante los años 2016 al 2019. La medida de asociación estimada fue el riesgo relativo (RR). Resultados: El 38,2 de pacientes ingresados por accidentes de tránsito fueron de sexo femenino y el 61,8% de sexo masculino; el grupo con el mayor número de fallecidos (65.77%) fueron de sexo masculino y la edad de los individuos ingresados con lesiones graves se encuentran entre los 48,38 ± 20,88 (D.S) años.  Los pacientes que recibieron la atención pre hospitalaria mostraron un RR de 0,774; IC (95%) 0,595 – 0,995 vs. un RR de 1,481; IC (95%) 0,933 –2,351 que no recibieron esta atención. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos encontrados sugieren la necesidad de reforzar las medidas de atención prehospitalaria frente a este problema de salud.
Features of Mongolian Foreign Trade: Risks for Russia
Authors: Bezrukov L. , Fartyshev A.
Published: March 2022

The dynamics of Mongolia’s foreign trade over the past three decades and its leading role in the country’s economic growth are revealed. In the context of a narrow specialization in the mining industry, the growth of the Mongolian economy is strongly dependent on the export of mineral raw materials, which overwhelmingly dominate in the structure of total exports. The overwhelming majority of these cargoes go to China, whose share in Mongolia’s foreign trade turnover is growing steadily since the early 1990s, while the same one of Russia is falling. The role of Siberia and the Far East in cooperation with Mongolia sharply decreased. It has been established that the values of Mongolian exports of fluorspar, molybdenum and copper ores and concentrates exceed Russian ones, and Mongolian export of zinc and tungsten ores and concentrates, iron ore and coal are not so significantly inferior. Comparison of the prospects for increasing exports of Mongolia’s key foreign trade goods – coal and copper concentrate – with the corresponding capabilities of the eastern regions of Russia indicates an aggravation in the near future of competition between Mongolian and Russian mineral commodities for foreign markets, primarily for the Chinese. Considering this, Russia loses to Mongolia due to a much longer and, accordingly, costly output of mineral raw materials to foreign markets. Measures are proposed to reduce the risks of competition between Mongolian and Russian mineral commodities on foreign markets and to intensify their trade and economic cooperation, that includes the following: the restoration of traditional foreign trade relations, the creation of international transport corridors and the construction of new railway lines, an increase in the depth of processing of mineral raw materials, the implementation of joint large-scale projects.
The Conflict Potential of the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Gudev P.
Published: March 2022

In recent years, the Eastern Mediterranean has become an area of confrontation between regional powers, with extra-regional countries, including the U.S. and the EU, also influencing the situation. The specificity of the situation stems from the fact that uneasy and often tense relations between the states in the region (Greece–Turkey; Israel– Palestine; Israel–Lebanon; Turkey–Syria), which are often at war or do not even have diplomatic relations, are complemented by their desire for access to the water areas as well as living and non-living resources of the sea. Who gets this access will determine the prospects for its social and economic development in the very long term. Discovered oil and gas reserves as well as the plans of certain states to build their respective pipelines intensify competition for resources. In turn, this process inevitably faces the need for maritime delimitation between countries, both with adjacent and opposing coasts, in which no one is prepared to make any concessions. It is primarily a question of delimiting the exclusive economic zones and the continental shelf, where coastal states have sovereign rights and jurisdiction to explore and exploit resources. The situation is aggravated by the presence of a series of island formations in the region, key among which is the Greek island of Kastelorizo, which also claims to form all the prescribed maritime zones of sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction. Turkey, which has the longest coastline in the region, cannot accept the infringement of its rights if the islands are given such rights to form extended maritime zones. Ankara as a non-party to the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Law of the Sea and the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea believes that any delimitation must be equitable and not based solely on the existing law. Turkey is firmly against any delimitation based on the median (equidistance) line method. It has pursued a highly provocative policy both to conduct seismological surveys in areas it considers its own and to conclude bilateral demarcation agreements where others perceive its maritime borders. The essence of these actions is to show that it is Turkey, not Greece or the Republic of Cyprus as an island state, that has the right to draw any maritime boundaries. The culmination of this policy was the 2019 Turkey–Libya Memorandum on Maritime Delimitation, which, although rejected by the international community, showed Ankara’s true agenda and its insistence on promoting its national interests.
An Executive Dimension of the U.S. Sanctions Policy
Authors: Timofeev I.
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the institutional performance of the U.S. executive power on the policy of sanctions. The topic is much less reflected in the literature in comparison with “canonical” issues like sanctions efficiency or particular case-studies of sanctions implementation. The goal is to fill in the gap in the literature on the following research questions. How do the U.S. sanctions policy executive institutions work? What is an extant of their involvement into the policy of sanctions? What is the balance of power between them? Why are particular institutes more active in comparison with others, and does it mean greater influence in terms of decision-making and implementation? The hypothesis implies that the U.S. executive institutions compose an imbalanced system with a skew in favor of the Department of the Treasury. However, this skew is smoothed by functional exclusiveness of other institutions and the impact of their decisions on sanctioned persons and states. “Sanctions Events Database” is used to test this assumption. Events are classified in terms of their institutional initiator (Department of the Treasury, Department of State, etc.), target states or problems, types of action, etc. The data is taken from open sources. It reflects a “micro-level” of institutional performance, depicting its everyday practice. The analysis demonstrates that a majority of events are connected to the Department of the Treasury, which is most active in comparison with other institutions. The Department of Commerce initiates much less events, however, the coverage of affected persons under its restrictions may be comparable to the one of the Treasury. The Department of Justice also initiates much less events, but the consequences for targets are harder due to criminal enforcement functions of the Department. The article relies on the 2020 data-set. This data is enough to understand basic trends of the U.S. executive institutions performance related to the policy of sanctions. Still, more data is needed to avoid possible fluctuations related to particular years.
Middle East in the Face of Old Problems and New Challenges
Authors: Krylov A. , Fedorchenko A.
Published: March 2022

The region of the Middle East and North Africa with its numerous political, socio-economic problems and multilevel conflicts together with the rest of the world faces a new crisis – the COVID 19 pandemic. In the war-affected countries and areas of the region, there are in fact no adequate health care systems, professional medical personnel capable of providing effective assistance to the population in the situation when the pandemic continues to spread. The Arab Spring uprisings and new civil wars have only worsened the situation in the region. Apart from that, nowadays we are witnessing other negative phenomena – global warming which leads to the shrinking of agricultural lands, the deterioration of the quality of food, shortage of water resources, uncontrolled fertility and massive radicalization of the marginalized groups of the Muslim population which has strengthened the ranks of supporters of violent extremism, namely, takfirism and jihadism. The article attempts to answer the following questions: what are the political and economic consequences of the pandemic for the region? How realistic is it now to transform the political systems of Arab countries and ensure their socio-economic revival? Is there now a real possibility of reincarnation of the terrorist Islamist potential in MENA? The world community should not remain indifferent to the regional problems. Compassion must be shown to the millions in need, and the financial and humanitarian assistance they require provided. We should understand that COVID 19 is ignoring borders and, if we do not combat this evil everywhere, it can easily be transferred to all continents of the world by millions of migrants, pushed out of their home failed states by hopelessness and frustration. Israel as a Middle East enclave of the developed world is analyzed separately.
Turkey and Syrian Conflict
Authors: Gasanova A.
Published: March 2022

The article analyses Turkey’s policy towards the Syrian crisis. The author presents an overview of doctrinal principles of the Turkish foreign policy as a basis for its objectives and motivation. The “zero problems with neighbours” concept that had been integral to Ankara’s Middle Eastern policies in general was proven irrelevant amid the Arab Spring. In fact, Ankara strived to use the Arab revolutions to its own advantage by promoting Turkey’s modernization pattern and gaining clout in the whole region. This course seems to have shaped the informal doctrine of “neo- Ottomanism”, which glorifies the Ottoman imperial power and expansionism towards the nations that comprised the former empire. In addition, one of the main factors in Ankara’s policy in Syria is its aspiration to prevent a Kurdish autonomy there. Kurds were the major target of Ankara’s three illegal military operations (“Euphrates Shield”, “Olive Branch” and “Peace Spring”) on the Syrian soil, with the aim of pushing them away from the Turkish boundaries. Turkey’s aggressive policy towards the Syrian Kurds appears to be the clearest manifestation of “neo-Ottomanism”. Apart from that, the article considers Turkey’s balancing act between the US and Russia as part of its foreign policy in Syria. Following the “Euphrates Shield”, there was a rapprochement between Turkey and Russia when the former joined the Astana negotiations. Cooperation with Russia has become a consistent trend in Erdogan’s foreign policy in Syria, especially in Idlib. It has proven beneficial to Ankara with regard to achieving its policy goals in the Syrian Arab Republic.
The North Korean Nuclear Issue after Administration Change in the White House: New Policy
Authors: Davydov O.
Published: March 2022

The article provides an analysis of the USA policy with regard to the DPRK under President Joe Biden administration. The issues related to transformation of American approaches are examined against the background of the President Trump failure to reach a Grand Bargain with Kim Chong Un on the nuclear problem. The peculiarity of the situation on the Korean Peninsula is that over the past quarter of century a variety of avenues and modalities have been explored and applied by the United States and other parties concerned to approach the resolution of nuclear problem. However, all of those attempts have proved to be unsuccessful so far. Although the Biden administration rolled out its North Korea policy review still in April 2021, the White House has yet to chart its clearly articulated strategy aimed at breaking the current crisis around nuclear issue. While distancing itself from the previous course for achieving final and comprehensive resolution of the nuclear problem, nowadays Washington is aiming at addressing more limited but practical goals related to ensuring the security concerns of both the United States and its Asian allies like Japan and South Korea. Particular attention is given to the new concepts of “arms control” and “risk management” in tackling nuclear issue which are gaining some popularity and have been broadly discussed by American academic community. The author argues that any move to accept directly or indirectly North Korea’s nuclear status and deal with it as nuclear power may have profound and negative impact on security situation on the Korean Peninsula and North East Asia as a whole. The only acceptable goal is to achieve nuclear disarmament of North Korea with proper verification measures although move forward towards that goal would require time and energy.
Investment Ties of Visegrad Countries
Authors: Chetverikova A.
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the investment ties of the Visegrad Group countries over the last three decades with the emphasis on the period of their EU membership. Transformation and subsequent integration into the EU predetermined certain imbalances in investment sectors of Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, some of which still remain. The Visegrad countries continue to be strong importers of capital, but Hungary and the Czech Republic were able to equalize several imbalances, which is manifested in increased export opportunities. The importance of FDI for the Visegrad economies is only increasing, which exacerbates the problem of external dependence and associated risks. The territorial diversification of investment ties is among positive trends, but dependence on several economies of the European market is preserved. A quantitative analysis of sectoral imbalances has shown that the Czech Republic and Hungary have the least diversified outward FDI, Hungary – inward FDI. Slovakia has the most diversified FDI sectoral structure. The analysis of several types of investments indicates a certain exhaustion of the potential of the Visegrad market. Large companies and their projects and deals continue to play a significant role in investment ties of the V4. At the same time, Visegrad companies are not inferior to foreign ones in terms of volume of investments, which is often associated with their sectors of specialization – raw materials. The branch network of Visegrad companies is small compared to the foreign one, which plays a significant role in the V4 labor markets and produces a significant share of production. Investment ties of the Visegrad countries have common features, while maintaining the characteristics of each of them.
Filsafat Politik Arendtian
Authors: Imadudin Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Abstrak

Arendt banyak dikenal, baik sebagai seorang ilmuwan politik, maupun seorang filsuf. Para sarjana mendiskusikan ide-idenya, beserta korespondensi ide-ide tersebut dengan situasi politik kontemporer; baik di Indonesia, maupun di tempat lain di dunia. Gagasan Arendt tentang banalitas kejahatan, tentang kekerasan dan tentang asal usul totalitarianisme telah mendorong penelitian dan analisis lebih lanjut tentang masalah fenomena populisme, intoleransi dan polarisasi politik di Indonesia kontemporer, serta di belahan dunia lainnya. Tulisan ini membahas korespondensi antara filsafat politik Arendtian dengan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, beserta ragam interpretasi kontemporernya. Makalah ini akan signifikan dalam memperkuat pembentukan karakter bangsa dan persatuan nasional Indonesia, baik secara konseptual maupun praktis. Tulisan ini didasarkan pada penelitian konseptual dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat menjawab permasalahan kebangkitan populisme, retorika politik intoleran dan polarisasi politik yang saat ini terjadi di tanah air.

Kata Kunci: Demokrasi Pancasila; Filsafat Politik; Filsafat Politik Arendtian; Hannah Arendt;
Entropy Perspectives of Molecular and Evolutionary Biology
Authors: Sabater Bartolomé
Published: March 2022

Attempts to find and quantify the supposed low entropy of organisms and its preservation are revised. Absolute entropy of the mixed components of non-living biomass (around -1.6 x 103 J K-1 L-1) is the reference to which other entropy decreases would be ascribed to life. Compartmentation of metabolites and departure from the equilibrium of metabolic reactions account for 1 and 40-50 J K-1 L-1, respectively, decreases of entropy and, though small, are distinctive features of living tissues. Intense experimental and theoretical investigations suggest that no other living feature contributes significantly to the low entropy associated to life. Macromolecular structures, despite their informational relevance for life, do not supply significant decreases of thermodynamic entropy. The photosynthetic conversion of radiant energy to biomass energy accounts for the most of entropy (2.8 x 105 J K-1 carbon kg-1) produced by living beings. The comparative very low entropy produced in other processes (around 4.8 x102 J K-1 L-1 day-1 in human body) must be rapidly exported outside as heat to preserve the low entropy decreases due to compartmentation and non-equilibrium metabolism. The trend to minimize the rate of production of entropy could explain selective pressures in biological evolution and the rapid proliferation of cancer cells.
Ensemble Models for Tick Vectors: Standard Surveys Compared with Convenience Samples
Authors: Kessler William H. , De Jesus Carrie , Wisely Samantha M. , Glass Gregory E. E.
Published: March 2022

Ensembles of Species Distribution Models (SDMs) represent the geographic ranges of pathogen vectors by combining alternative analytical approaches and merging information on vector occurrences with more extensive environmental data. Biased collection data impact SDMs, regardless of the target species but no studies have compared the differences in the distributions predicted by the ensemble models when different sampling frameworks are used for the same species. We compared Ensemble SDMs for two important Ixodid tick vectors, Amblyomma americanum and Ixodes scapularis in mainland Florida, USA, when inputs were either convenience samples of ticks, or collections obtained using the standard protocols promulgated by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Ensemble SDMs for the convenience samples and standard surveys showed only a slight agreement (Kappa = 0.060, A. americanum; 0.053, I. scapularis). Convenience sample SDMs indicated A. americanum and I. scapularis should be absent from 34.5% and 30.9% of the state where standard surveys predicted the highest likelihood of occurrence of the respective vectors. Ensemble models from standard surveys predicted 81.4% and 72.5% (A. americanum and I. scapularis) of convenience sample sites. Omission errors by standard survey SDMs, of the convenience collections, frequently were associated with adjacency to at least one SDM or errors in geocoding algorithms that failed to correctly locate convenience samples. These geocoding errors emphasize commonly overlooked needs to explicitly evaluate and improve data quality for vector survey data used in spatial models.
Net Zero Energy Housing: An Empirical Analysis from Measured Data
Authors: Nikdel Leila , Agee Philip , Reichard Georg , McCoy Andrew
Published: March 2022

This study reports an empirical analysis of an all-electric, Net Zero Energy Housing (NZEH) development located in a mixed-humid climate zone (4A, Virginia, USA). Circuit-level energy monitors were used to measure energy consumption and energy production data (solar photovoltaic) at 1-hr intervals in six identical apartments over 24 months. The study employs a multi-step case study methodology to a) empirically evaluate energy consumption and production data, b) identify the temporal variability of energy consumption and production data at different time scales, c) understand the impact(s) of weather and human-building interaction on energy consumption and production, and d) synthesize the study’s “lessons learned” toward data-driven recommendations for future NZEH researchers and practitioners. The study found that the development’s net zero energy goal was achieved in three of six case units and that NZEH housing performance was more influenced by human-building interaction than weather variability. The analysis also found the solar photovoltaic (PV) performance to be reliable across the sampled units over the periods of measurement, suggesting that solar PV could be oversized as an approach to overcome verifiability in HBI and achieve NZEH performance goals.
Fermat’s Last Theorem Proved in Hilbert Arithmetic. I. From the Proof by Induction to the Viewpoint of Hilbert Arithmetic
Authors: Penchev Vasil
Published: March 2022

In a previous paper (https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3648127 ), an elementary and thoroughly arithmetical proof of Fermat’s last theorem by induction has been demonstrated if the case for “n = 3” is granted as proved only arithmetically (which is a fact a long time ago), furthermore in a way accessible to Fermat himself though without being absolutely and precisely correct. The present paper elucidates the contemporary mathematical background, from which an inductive proof of FLT can be inferred since its proof for the case for “n = 3” has been known for a long time. It needs “Hilbert mathematics”, which is inherently complete unlike the usual “Gödel mathematics”, and based on “Hilbert arithmetic” to generalize Peano arithmetic in a way to unify it with the qubit Hilbert space of quantum information. An “epoché to infinity” (similar to Husserl’s “epoché to reality”) is necessary to map Hilbert arithmetic into Peano arithmetic in order to be relevant to Fermat’s age. Furthermore, the two linked semigroups originating from addition and multiplication and from the Peano axioms in the final analysis can be postulated algebraically as independent of each other in a “Hamilton” modification of arithmetic supposedly equivalent to Peano arithmetic. The inductive proof of FLT can be deduced absolutely precisely in that Hamilton arithmetic and the pransfered as a corollary in the standard Peano arithmetic furthermore in a way accessible in Fermat’s epoch and thus, to himself in principle. A future, second part of the paper is outlined, getting directed to an eventual proof of the case “n=3” based on the qubit Hilbert space and the Kochen-Specker theorem inferable from it.
Detection of Human Parechovirus a in Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, and Neurological Clinical Samples of Hospitalized Patients in Panama
Authors: Saenz Viridiana , Gutierrez Lizette Carmen , Franco Danilo , Castillo Marlene , Moreno Brechla , Fuentes Ediner , Capitan-Barrios Zeuz , López-Vergès Sandra , Pascale Juan Miguel , Sosa Nestor , Ábrego Leyda
Published: March 2022

Human parechoviruses, officially known as Parechovirus A (PeV-A), from the family Picornaviri-dae, genus Parechovirus, are non-enveloped, icosahedral, positive-sense RNA viruses associated with mild gastrointestinal and respiratory illness in young children, however, they may also give rise to Central Nervous System (CNS) infections and neonatal sepsis. While studies have delved into the detection of HPeVs in different populations, the detection of PeV-A in Hispanic populations in Latin American countries is not well-known. The aim of this study was to characterize PeV-A circulating in the Republic of Panama. Respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological samples were collected from 200 Panamanian pe-diatric patients hospitalized between 2014 and 2015 and were analyzed for the presence of PeV-A by real-time RT-PCR. PeV-A positive samples were sequenced for genetic characterization. These samples followed predetermined inclusion criteria and were negative for viral/bacterial examinations that were requested by the patient's physician when the specimen was sent to the ICGES. Eight positive PeV-A infections (4%) were detected for the 200 subjects, in gastrointestinal samples. Human Parechovirus PeV-A was detected and genetically characterized for the first time in the Republic of Panama in samples from 2014 and 2015.
On Developing Human Centric Digital Tweens
Authors: Enughwure Akpofure A. , Lelli Francesco
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The use of smart devices has increased greatly in the last ten years with users reaching out to the possibility to do more with them especially in the networking front. In this context there is a need to understand the connection between users’ social demographic factors and their way to related to their smart devices. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the senso of belonging of a community in order to evaluate intangible benefits that employees may gain from a more immerse relationship with their devices. Method: We used a dataset of 586 anonymous respondent of an existing survey designed for capturing the relationships that humans develop with their smart devices. In particular, we investigate the relationships with smart device and particular background variables of the respondents using a chi-square test. Results: The study showed that there is a significant relationship between users’ sex and smart device type and their dependency on smart device. Male tends to think that smart device (in general) enables them to connect with a larger community. At the same time, female using smart phones feels more connected more to large community than when using other smart devices. Conclusion: This study provided several significant findings that confirm and strength previous literature works on the subject. In addition, socio demographics variables (like gender) as well as the type of smart device present a correlation between the smart device users and their tendency to stay in touch with a larger community.
Direct Medical Cost Inpatient ACS-STEMI at Sardjito Hospital 2017-2018
Authors: Zulpadly M. Fiqri , Artanti Anif Nur , Ermawati Dian Eka , Rohmani Sholichah , Sasongko Heru , Kundarto Wisnu
Published: March 2022

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of human death worldwide. This disease is also a major burden in health financing, due to direct costs of treatment and hospitalization. One type of cardiovascular disease is Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). The incidence of ACS in Indonesia is still the highest with a prevalence rate of 7.2% and continues to increase every year. This study aimed to determine the average direct medical costs of new ACS-STEMI patients who are hospitalized at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta period 2017-2018 and the factors that influence the cost of the treatment statistically. This research was an observational study with a descriptive retrospective research design using data from medical records and the finance (accounting) department. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling based on patients who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 495 patients matched the inclusion criteria and the average of the components of direct medical costs incurred by inpatients was IDR48,926,665 with an average length of stay of 5 days. Statistical test results showed that the categories of gender, age, and payment method were not significantly associated with the average total cost of care for ACS-STEMI patients (p>0.05). Meanwhile, the categories of length of stay and treatment regimen were significantly correlated to the average total cost of care for ACS-STEMI patients (p<0.05). The average total cost of new ACS-STEMI patients undergoing inpatient treatment amounted to IDR48,926,665 which was significantly influenced by the category of the length of hospitalization and therapeutic regimen.
Profil Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Ekstrak Buah Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dengan Metode TAC dan CUPRAC
Authors: Nur Syamsu , Aswad Muhammad , Yulianty Rifah , Burhan Asril , Patabang William Johanes Dian , Fadri Alfat , Nursamsiar Nursamsiar
Published: March 2022

Kondisi stress oksidatif dapat mempengaruhi makromolekul seluler dan ekstraseluler (protein, lipid, asam nukleat dan DNA) sehingga dapat mengalami kerusakan oksidatif pada jaringan tubuh yang memicu terjadinya penyakit degeneratif melalui beberapa jalur oksidasi didalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak buah kersen dengan metode TAC dan CUPRAC. Sampel segar buah kersen dikumpulkan kemudian dilakukan proses pembuatan simplisia yang kemudian dilakukan proses ekstraksi dengan menggunakan metode maserasi untuk dilakukan proses penyarian dengan pelarut etanol 70% hingga diperoleh ekstrak kental buah kersen (EE). Ekstrak kental buah kersen kemudian dilakukan proses pemisahan dengan metode ekstraksi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat dan etanol-air (1:9) sehingga diperoleh fraksi n-heksan (HF), fraksi etil asetat (EAF) dan fraksi etanol-air (EF). Kemudian masing-masing sampel di uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan metode Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) dan Cupric ion Power Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC). Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu pada metode TAC, EAF memiliki aktivitas yang lebih baik dengan nilai Quercetin Equivalen Antioxidant Capacity (QEAC) 57,1±1,03 µM/mg dibandingkan dengan EE, EF dan HF. Sedangkan pada metode CUPRAC diperoleh hasil bahwa EAF memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dalam mereduksi Cu yang lebih baik dengan nilai Gallic Acid Equivalen Antioxidant Capacity (GAEAC) 13,13±0,008 µM/mg dibandingkan dengan EE, EF dan HF. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa buah kersen memiliki potensi aktivitas antioksidan yang baik. Fraksi etil asetat (EAF) dari buah kersen memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan dalam mereduksi Mo dan ion Cu dengan menggunakan metode TAC dan CUPRAC. Adanya data ilmiah dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan buah kersen sebagai food suplement antioksidan yang berguna untuk kesehatan masyarakat.
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Apoteker Terhadap Vaksinasi Hepatitis B di Kota Surakarta
Authors: Hadi Verawati , Ichsan Burhannudin
Published: March 2022

Penyakit hepatitis B merupakan masalah kesehatan di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Cakupan vaksinasi hepatitis B terhadap apoteker rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku apoteker terhadap infeksi virus hepatitis B dan vaksinasinya. Selain itu, peneliti juga melakukan evaluasi apakah ada hubungan signifikan antara faktor demografi dengan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku apoteker terhadap vaksinasi hepatitis B. Studi crosssectional dilakukan pada populasi apoteker di Kota Surakarta yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 243 orang. Pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku dinilai dengan kuesioner yang disusun oleh peneliti dengan menggunakan literatur pendukung dan dinilai oleh expert judgement. Pengetahuan dikategorikan menjadi baik, cukup dan kurang, sikap dan perilaku dikategorikan menjadi baik dan kurang baik. Analisis hubungan variabel dilakukan dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa apoteker memiliki pengetahuan baik (79,17%), sikap baik (73,33%) dan perilaku kurang baik (41,22%) terhadap vaksinasi hepatitis B. Terdapat 2 hubungan yang signifikan (p < 0,05) yaitu antara waktu praktik dengan sikap apoteker dan antara pendapatan per bulan dengan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku apoteker di Kota Surakarta.
A aplicação interpretativa do Direito: estudo de caso da Corte de Warren e sua influência sobre o Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Periando de Almeida Hirsch Fábio , Campos e Silva Jailce
Published: March 2022

Os avanços nas condições socioeconômicas dos indivíduos têm tornado crescente a demanda pela efetividade dos preceitos constitucionais e garantia dos direitos fundamentais e, por conseguinte, a atuação mais efetiva dos juízes para além da aplicação da lei. Este Artigo traz uma reflexão acerca do fenômeno da criação de um novo direito proveniente da subjetividade da interpretação constitucional por parte de juízes e tribunais, bem como apresenta a atuação da Suprema Corte Americana e suas técnicas de decisão, em especial a Corte de Warren (1953-1969), e sua influência sobre o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), no tocante às decisões legitimadas pela jurisdição constitucional.
A (re)descoberta da teoria da mutação constitucional pelo STF: indícios de um estado de exceção?
Authors: Pedron Flávio Quinaud , Ommati José Emílio Medauar , Silva João Paulo Soares e
Published: March 2022

A mutação constitucional tem constantemente assumido diferentes significados ao ser mencionada como fundamento de decisão no Supremo Tribunal Federal. Essa dissonância revela a utilização da figura como um argumento retórico, empregado para justificar a sobreposição da convicção do Tribunal às determinações constitucionais. A presente pesquisa explora a instauração de um estado de exceção, nos moldes propostos por Carl Schmitt e revisitados Giorgio Agamben, por meio dessa operação que eleva o STF ao patamar de poder soberano (ou poder constituinte permanente). Emprega-se metodologia dialética e pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, procede-se uma reconstrução histórica da teoria da mutação constitucional na doutrina alemã do século XX, efetua-se um resgate das noções de exceção e soberania em Carl Schmitt como forma de introduzir e compreender a leitura de Giorgio Agamben sobre o estado de exceção e se analisa a relação entre a mutação constitucional e a usurpação de funções pelo STF. Conclui-se pela ocorrência de uma subversão da ordem democrática e pelo estabelecimento de uma situação de exceção em que o STF é munido de um poder soberano.
Simultaneous Detection of the HPV L1 Gene and the Human β-Globin Gene in the Blood Components of Cervical Cancer Patients Living in Yakutia
Authors: Kononova Irina , Mamaeva Sargylana , Alekseev V , Nikolaeva Nadezhda , Afanasyeva L , Nikiforov Petr , Vasilyeva N , Vasiliev I , Maximov Georgy
Published: March 2022

Background: To create a test for the early detection of cervical cancer (CC), we conducted exploratory studies on detecting HPV genes and genes of the human β-globin locus in plasma (Pl) and RBC suspension (RBCsus) samples from patients with newly detected CC (NDCC). Methods and Results: Smears of venous blood containing K3-EDTA from five anonymous patients aged from 45 to 55 years (residents of Yakutia), with NDCC were obtained. Three types of blood component samples were prepared – plasma (Pl), red blood cell (RBC) suspension (RBCsus), and the erythrocyte fraction treated with trypsin (RBCsus-Try). To detect circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in NDCC patients, we studied the presence of genes corresponding to the HPV L1 protein region and genes of the human β-globin locus by real-time PCR (qPCR) using appropriate primers. The genes of β-globin locus and HPV L1 were detected in Pl of NDCC patients in 20% of cases, and in RBCsus in 60% of cases. The amplified gene products using primers were present in RBCsus-Try in only one patient (20% of cases). In patients with uncertain amplification, electrophoresis showed the absence of amplified products in Pl and their presence in RBCsus. Conclusion: In NDCC patients, HPV L1 and β-globin genes can be detected in both Pl and RBCsus. In addition, in RBC samples, these genes were detected more often than in plasma samples, and no absolute absence of amplification products was observed in RBC samples. The research needs to be continued.
Serous Effusion Cytology in Sudanese Patients
Authors: Fagere Muaz , Elsiddig Shawgi , Abbas Anass , Shalabi Manar , Babker Asaad
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the etiology and cytological patterns of serous effusions among Sudanese patients. Methods and Results: This descriptive study was carried out in hospitals of Khartoum state in the period from February 2019 to June 2020. One hundred and seventy-eight patients “clinically and/or radiological” diagnosed as having an accumulation of serous effusions were included in this study. Smears were prepared and stained according to the conventional pap staining procedure. The majority of the study population (121[68%]) had malignant effusion (MEs), and the other group (57[32%]) - benign effusions (BEs). Among patients with MEs, breast cancer was the major etiology (75[62%]), followed by lung (23[19%]), GIT (12[9.9%]), and thyroid cancers (11[9.1%]), while among patients with BEs, parapneumonic conditions were the main factor (28[49.1%]), followed by tuberculosis (18[31.6%]) and pulmonary embolism (11[19.3%]). The majority of patients with MEs were pleural effusion (109[90.1%]), followed by peritoneal effusion (12[9.9%]), whereas no patients in this group had pericardial effusion. Pleural effusion (29[50.9%]) was also the major one among patients with BEs, followed by peritoneal (21[36.8%]) and pericardial effusions(7[3.9%]). Conclusion: Malignant serous effusion is commonly seen among patients with malignant tumors; pleural effusions presented a large proportion, especially among females with breast cancer. Thoracentesis and cytological methods (i.e., conventional smear and cell block technique) should be the first line for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions, along with confirmatory adjunct techniques such as immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry.
Flow Sorption Debridement of Aseptic and Purulent Soft Tissue Wounds
Authors: Ostroushko Anton , Glukhov Аlexandr , Andreev Alexandr , Vecherkin Vladimir , Shishkina Viktoriya , Laptiyova Anastasiya , Lobas Sergey , Sazhnev Dmitriy , Shmarin Alexandr , Mikulich Elena , Boyev Sergey
Published: March 2022

Background: Treatment of isolated and combined open soft tissue wounds remains relevant due to the growth of severe injuries, comorbid pathologies, and immunosuppressive conditions, along with a decrease in antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the jet oxygen-sorption treatment (JOST) and flow sorption debridement techniques (FSDT) in the therapy of experimental soft tissue wounds. Methods and Results: The effectiveness of the JOST and FSDT was compared in 2 series of experiments on 288 laboratory Wistar rats with simulated soft tissue wounds. Series 1 (S1) involved 144 animals divided into 2 control groups (CG) and 2 experimental groups (EG); the effectiveness of the developed techniques for the aseptic wound treatment was studied in these groups of animals. Series 2 (S2) involved 144 animals divided into 2 CGs and 2 EGs; in S2, purulent soft tissue wounds were studied. The effectiveness of the developed techniques in the complex treatment of experimental wounds was assessed immediately, on Days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 after simulating the pathological process. The assessment included the animals’ condition, the dynamics of the course of reparative processes (local symptoms of inflammation; granulation; epithelialization of wounds; and size and dynamics of the area of the defect), and histological research methods. The use of the JOST has practically no benefits in aseptic wound treatment, compared to FSDT. The use of the JOST and FSDT contributed to a significant acceleration of healing process in aseptic wounds that was expressed in the decreased local inflammatory reactions, higher activity of metabolic processes based on the dynamics of RNA and SH-groups. The most pronounced positive dynamics in the treatment of purulent wounds was observed when applying FSDT. Compared with the findings obtained in CG1-S2, FSDT contributed to a reduction in necrolysis termination by 25.7%, fibrinolysis - by 25.5%, granulation - by 20.0%, epithelization - by 18.9%, wound discharge - by 27.8%. Conclusion: The developed technique of FSDT in the complex treatment of soft tissue wounds provides the most pronounced positive dynamics, accelerates reparative tissue processes, and reduces the duration of wound cleansing and healing for both aseptic and purulent wounds.
Experimental Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Laparoscopic Method for Suturing a Perforated Ulcer of the Anterior Wall of the Stomach by Forming a “Covered Perforation” with a Fold-Duplicator
Authors: Borzov Evgeny , Sazhin Ilya , Shurygin Sergey , Safonov Leonid , Tsulaya Archil , Asratyan Sarkis , Kutenev Alexander , Alimov Aleksandr
Published: March 2022

Improvement of existing methods and development of new techniques for performing videoendoscopic operations in emergency surgical pathology allows increasing the efficiency and safety of surgical interventions, which is especially important in emergency surgery. The aim of the study was to experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of the laparoscopic method of suturing a perforated ulcer of the anterior wall of the body of the stomach by forming a “covered perforation” with a fold-duplicator. The article presents the results of a comparative study of the course of recovery in laboratory animals after suturing a perforated ulcer of the anterior wall of the stomach by the traditional method of applying a double-row, interrupted suture and a new method based on forming a covered perforation by creating a fold-duplicator.