bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation and optimization of friction stir welding process parameters of stir cast AA6082/ZrO2/B4C composites
Authors: Umar Mohamed J. , Palaniappan PL. K. , Maran P. , Pandiyarajan R.
Published: April 2021

In the present investigation, aluminium-based alloy (AA6082) is stir-casted with 3 % ZrO2 and 5 % B4C reinforcement particulates to fabricate Aluminium Metal Matrix Hybrid Composites (AMMHCs) which are further friction-stir welded at different welding conditions to develop a welded joint with optimum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness. This newly developed AMMHC will find its specific application as bulkhead partitions in the hull of a ship due to its excellent properties, such as lower weight, higher specific strength, superior resistance to wear, and lower thermal expansion coefficient than that of AA6061 and AA5083 composites. The friction-welded butt joints performance of AA6082/3%ZrO2/5%B4C is generally determined by varying the FSW process parameters such as tool rotational speed (TRS), welding speed (WS), axial load (AL), tool tilt angle (TTA), tool pin profile (TPP), shoulder diameter (SD), etc. In the present work, the empirical relationships are established between parameters highly influencing FSW process (TRS, WS, and AL) and their responses (UTS and weld nugget microhardness (WNH)). The desirability approach is employed for predicting the optimal UTS and WNH. The corresponding values of input process parameters are TRS of 1030.95 rpm, WS of 38.5 mm/min, and AL of 5.88 kN. The calculated UTS and WNH for the present investigation are 239.98 MPa and 94.2 HV, respectively, and these values are consistent with the results of validation experiments.
Teaching Dance Spaciously
Authors: Østern Tone Pernille
Published: April 2021

This article focuses on and discusses the concept of space as a theoretical tool in connection with dance pedagogy. The author suggests that to look at the dance class as spacious contributes to the dance teacher’s awareness of the fact that she operates in, and also creates, many different spaces as she teaches. This awareness might support the teacher in broadening the dance space in order to embrace differences among dancers, thereby providing the word spacious with a second meaning: generous. The author’s interest in the concept of space as a theoretical device to help understand what goes on in a dance class was born during the analysis of the video material collected for her PhD in dance (Østern, 2009). The practical investigation of the study dealt with formulating an approach to dance pedagogy with a group of mixed-ability dancers based on an understanding of the meaning-making processes among the different dancers in the project. Dialoguing with scholars like Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1962/2002), Valerie Briginshaw (2001), Shaun Gallagher, Dan Zahavi (2008) and Leena Rouhiainen (2007), the author distinguished different spaces in the dance improvisation classes she was teaching, video recording and analysing. Through this process, she developed a theory on the fact that in a dance improvisation class with differently bodied dancers meaning was made in different ways, touching on and producing different spaces. The author concludes that one main advantage of regarding a dance class as spacious is that it allows for an understanding that in class meaning-making can happen in different ways, within different spaces. Together with the dancers, the dance teacher moves in and out of these spaces as she teaches.

Tone Pernille Østern (Doctor of Arts in dance) is a dance artist, teacher and researcher based in Trondheim, Norway. She is the artistic leader of the Inclusive Dance Company (www.dance-company.no) which is a small independent contemporary dance company. She has developed the Dance Laboratory (www.danselaboratoriet.no) which is a performing group with differently bodied dancers. The Dance Laboratory also formed the basis of her field work in relation to her PhD in Dance at the Theatre Academy in Helsinki (Østern, 2009). Østern is also the leader of the MultiPlié Dance and Diversity Festival, a biennial in Trondheim since 2004. The festival tries to stretch and discuss ideas about what dancing is and who can be a dancer. From 2009 she also takes up the position as assistant professor at the Program for Teacher Education at the NTNU University where she teaches and carries out research. E-mail: inclusive@dance-company.no / tone.pernille.ostern@plu.ntnu.no
VREDNOVANJE PREDLOGA REŠENJA ZA POBOLJŠANJE USLOVA ODVIJANJA SAOBRAĆAJA NA RASKRSNICAMA NA BULEVARU EVROPE, BULEVARU PATRIJARHA PAVLA I BULEVARU CARA LAZARA
Authors: Marković Jelena
Published: April 2021

U okviru ovog rada izvršena je analiza saobraćajnih tokova na odabranim raskrsnicama i u okviru njih su utvrđene karakteristike saobraćajnog toka na raskrsnicama. Dati su predlozi rešenja poboljšanja uslova odvijanja saobraćaja. Urađeno je funkcionalno, ekološko i ekonomsko vrednovanje predloženih rešenja, nakon čega se dobija optimalno rešenje, koje je predloženo za realizaciju.
Primena proceduralnih mapa u vizuelizaciji enterijera
Authors: Radosavljević Ljupka
Published: April 2021

Tema ovog istraživanja bavi se mogućnostima i analizom generisanja PBR (eng. Physically Based Rendering) materijala kamena.
МЕМОРИЈАЛНА АРХИТЕКТУРА УКЛЕТОГ НЕИМАРА
Authors: Ристић Ружица , Кркљеш Милена Др
Published: April 2021

Комплексност социолошке и политичке ситуације у држави је условила стварање нове струје меморијалне архитектуре. Разлике које су владале су се могле превазићи једино универзалним језиком, који је продирао дубље у прошлост наших народа. То је језик прабалканског периода, древни и умало заборављени. Меморијале који су произашли из ове струје одликује безвременост и јединственост израза, типична за стваралаштво Богдана Богдановића.
Remote spatial memory processing in the juvenile brain and contribution of the hippocampus
Authors: Teale Tanisse
Published: April 2021

A majority of research into memory formation and consolidation is commonly focused on adult brains and organisms. Our work focuses on the mechanisms of memory within the developing, juvenile brain in an attempt to provide a more full understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms of memory formation, consolidation and storage. During juvenile development, the brain undergoes important remodeling and synaptic pruning towards shaping the adult brain. Thus, during this time, memories may be lost through the remodeling of hippocampal-neocortical connections. The significance of comparing juvenile and adult memory processes is critical in understanding the structural changes that occur within memory-specific circuits associated with long-term memory formation. To provide a comparison of the neurobehavioral aspects of long-term memory formation in juveniles and adults, we trained Long Evan’s rats on a spatial task on postnatal days 16, 18, 20, 25, 30 or 50 (adults). Each age group was then tested for memory recall 24 hours or 3 weeks later. We noted that memory recall showed a dramatic change at postnatal day 20 such that memory recall at postnatal day 25 was similar to adult levels. We then used immunohistochemistry to quantify and analyze neural activity patterns in brain regions thought to underlie the short- and long-term storage of spatial memories. Identification of these regional activity changes during juvenile periods and comparison with adults allows us to explore the function and organization of interacting brain regions in long-term spatial memory storage during development.
Renaissance Humanist Reinterpretations of Eve; The Writings of Christine De Pizan and Isotta Nogarolla
Authors: Gibson Isobel
Published: April 2021

The purpose of my research is to explore the ways that intellectuals reinterpreted Eve using the Humanistic method during the Renaissance, questioning the naturalized relationship between women and sin. Humanism, a growing movement during the 15th century, placed emphasis on ascertaining meaning through analyzing works for their intended meaning and considering the context, while also revering God and antiquity alongside attention to the individual.  Christine De Pizan and Isotta Nogarola use the Humanistic method of analysis in different ways to argue that Eve, and womankind, do not deserve a devious reputation and it is not justified by God. I will use historical artworks and writings to show how Eve was depicted prior to and during Renaissance Humanism. For example, Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel depiction of the Fall fundamentally differs from other previous works by redistributing the culpability of Adam and Eve; no longer is Eve a sensual being, nor entirely to blame for the Fall. Additionally, as is necessary with any historical analysis, I will examine the contextual factors that allowed for the reinterpretation of Eve, especially by women, including the ways that both were a product and yet also ahead of their time. Whether the reinterpretations are pro-feminine or not is irrelevant in many respects, for the significance stems from women taking back a piece of historiography of the prototype woman, Eve.
The Combined Effects of Recombinant Human Oviductin (rHuOVGP1) and Progesterone on Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Sperm Proteins
Authors: Vanderkooi Sydney
Published: April 2021

Worldwide, around 15% of couples who seek to conceive suffer from infertility. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) would have never been possible without research endeavors. However, to further improve the fertilization rates of ART procedures, there is still more to be done. The mammalian oviductal cells synthesize and secrete a major glycoprotein know as oviductin, or oviduct-specific glycoprotein (OVGP1). This protein has been implicated in enhancing sperm capacitation, sperm motility, sperm penetration and fertilization. Our lab has successfully produced recombinant human oviductin (rHuOVGP1), which has been shown to enhance tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm proteins, a biochemical hallmark of capacitation that takes place in the sperm tail. Additionally, the sex hormone progesterone (P4) has been implicated in increasing the influx of calcium ions through the CatSper channel which is similarly located in the sperm tail and is an important aspect of capacitation. Here we performed a study in the hope of gaining a better understanding of the mechanism of sperm capacitation by examining if rHuOVGP1 works synergistically with P4 to regulate tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm proteins during capacitation. Fresh sperm samples were processed and capacitated at different time points in the absence or presence of rHuOVGP1 (50 mg/mL) with or without P4. The results obtained indicate that both rHuOVGP1 and P4 can enhance tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm proteins, however, the best result was obtained when rHuOVGP1 was used in combination with P4. The addition of rHuOVGP1 with P4 to the capacitation medium may improve the fertilization rates of ART procedures.
The accuracy of computer-aided design and manufacturing surgical-guide for infrazygomatic crest miniscrew placement
Authors: Jariyapongpaiboon Prajak , Chartpitak Jirawan , Jitsaard Jaturong
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

Infrazygomatic crest (IZC) surgical guides have been employed to prevent any avoidable complications during miniscrew insertion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of IZC miniscrew placement when using a surgical-guide developed by computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques.

Materials and Methods:

Ten patients were scanned with cone-beam computed tomography for three-dimensional (3D) planning of IZC miniscrew placements. The upper arches were scanned separately, and virtual miniscrews were placed in the position planned by 3D software. The CAD/CAM surgical guides were designed and fabricated individually to enable accurate miniscrew placement. Subsequently, 20 self-drilling miniscrews were inserted at the right and left IZC areas using 5 CAD/CAM surgical guides (CS group, n = 10) and direct insertion (DI group, n = 10), respectively. Pre- and post-operative digital model images were compared, actual and planned miniscrew positions were superimposed and measured for 3D angular and distance deviations in the two groups. Comparisons between groups were made using the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results:

In the CS group, the median coronal and sagittal angular deviations were 2.95 degrees (range 0.34–5.26 degrees) and 2.05 degrees (range 0.38–4.08 degrees), respectively, while the median coronal and apical deviations were 0.39 mm (range 0.24–0.51 mm) and 0.50 mm (range 0.16–0.66 mm). These deviations differed significantly from those of the DI group.

Conclusion:

The IZC CAD/CAM surgical guide has made it possible to control miniscrew placement with high precision.
The relationship of temporomandibular disorders with Class II malocclusion as a risk factor
Authors: Sadrabad Maryam Jalili , Ameli Nazila , Kianpour Mahnoosh , Ghorbani Raheb , Sohanian Shabnam
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

The temporomandibular joints (TMJs) play a fundamental role in mastication, deglutition, speech, and even respiration. Thus, temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) can affect the quality of life, especially if they become chronic. Considering the controversy regarding the etiology of the TMDs, this study aimed to assess the relationship of TMDs with dental malocclusion.

Materials and Methods:

Totally, 885 dentate patients between 18 years and 60 years with complete dental records and no condylar ankylosis, history of trauma, bruxism, clenching, or congenital TMJ anomalies participated in this study. Tenderness on palpation, clicking, crepitus, pain, deviation on mouth opening, open bite, deep bite, cross bite, and class of malocclusion (I, II or III) were recorded for all patients.

Results:

Of patients, 60.2% were males and 39.8% were females. Gender had no correlation with TMDs. Patients had a mean age of 34.8 years. Age had no correlation with TMDs. Of TMD symptoms, clicking had the highest frequency (23.3%) followed by deviation on mouth opening (10.6%), pain at the mouth opening (2.9%), tenderness on palpation (1.4%), trismus (1.2%), and crepitus (1.1%). Of patients, 76.7% were Class I, 13.8% were Class II, and 6.2% were Class III. Less than 2% of patients had deep bite, open bite, or cross bite.

Conclusion:

TMDs had a relatively high prevalence (35%) in our study population. Age, gender, and class of malocclusion had no correlation with TMDs; however, Class II malocclusion was slightly more prevalent among TMD patients, which needs to be taken into account by patients and orthodontists.
Effects of discriminate and indiscriminate use of enrofloxcin on hematological parameters
Authors: Md. Mominul Islam Bhuiyan  , Md. Shafiqul Islam  , Md. Rakibul Hasan  , Kazi Rafiqul Isla
Published: April 2021

Hematological indication is an important finding for pathophysiology analysis of biological science. This study was designed with the aim to investigate the effects of residual antibiotics on hematological parameters of broiler following discriminate and indiscriminate use. 18 broiler DOC (Cobb-500) were reared up to 31 days. On day 16, they were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely Group–A (Control group), Group-B (Discriminate group) and Group-C (Indiscriminate group). Each group contains 6 birds. The discriminate and indiscriminate group was treated with antibiotic, enrofloxacin. In Group-B withdrawal period was followed and treatment was stopped before 7 days of sacrifice. On the other hand, withdrawal period was not maintained in indiscriminate group and the antibiotic treatment was continued until the day of sacrifice. The Total erythrocyte count (million/mm3) of control, discriminate, and indiscriminate groups were 3.15±0.047, 2.66±0.091, and 2.90±0.11 respectively. The Hb (gm%) of control, discriminate, and indiscriminate groups were 8.17±0.07, 7.37±0.09, and 7.28±0.07 respectively. The Packed Cell Volume (%) of control, discriminate, and indiscriminate group were 24.17±0.48, 23.17±0.48, and 22.33±0.67 respectively. There was no significant difference on blood parameter found among the groups. Therefore, discriminate and indiscriminate use of enrofloxacin has no bad effect on hematological parameters of broiler.
Reasons and consequences of river water pollution and their remediation: In context of Bangladesh
Authors: Jyoti Das  , Nanda Karmaker  , Ruhul A. Khan
Published: April 2021

As the population grows and the uncontrolled industrialization, urbanization rises as well, it is high time we should give proper attention to the fact of river pollution in our country which is deploying harmful impacts both on human health and environmental, aquatic ecosystem. A plethora of studies have been done on different aspects of river water pollution. In this paper a thorough discussion regarding this fact has been presented compiling a number of important studies on it. Major causes behind this pollution have been mentioned widely, like improper management of industrial and sewage effluents. However, to detect this contamination in the major rivers of Bangladesh, various studies have been done to see the physicochemical properties of the water, such as pH, turbidity, color, odor, DO, TOD, COD, TSS, EC, dissolved metal, and other chemical and bacteriological substances etc. The microorganisms within the water are the prime sources to cause different water borne diseases like Diarrhea, Cholera, Scabies and Asthma. To find out the remedies to this problem, urgent emphasis should be given on preventive measures and to take appropriate steps to halt and improve the existing pollution of the rivers. A lot of water treatment systems are being practiced throughout the world to restore the health of the rivers as well as to reuse the waste water. Though the systems are not much popular in Bangladesh, the government should facilitates the practice of them extensively and strengthen the laws against environmental pollution.
Risk management of infectious disease using multidimensional Omics: Molecular diagnostic and personal care of tuberculosis
Authors: Amir Buzimkic  , Diane E Heck  , Hong Duck Kim
Published: April 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide responsible for over 1.5 million deaths annually. It is caused by hazardous biological pathogen (i.e., Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)) with single infectious agent, surpassing even HIV/AIDS. Roughly one-quarter of the world's population has latent TB, meaning that people have been infected by tuberculosis bacteria but have not yet developed the disease. Patients with active tuberculosis on average infect five to fifteen other people via airborne droplets. Once infected, people with HIV are 19 times more likely to develop active tuberculosis which has almost 100% mortality for this group, if not treated properly. Comparatively, 45% of HIV negative people will die if they develop active tuberculosis and are not adequately medicated. This is concerning since 95% of cases and deaths are in developing countries, where treatments and diagnosis may not be timely. Additionally, current detection methods do not distinguish active tuberculosis from a cleared or latent infection while microbiological culture of mycobacteria is slow. However, medical discoveries and newly developed technologies allowed for unification of disciplines incorporating omics into everyday biological research. The goal of this short review is to demonstrate ways in which field of multidimensional Omics could contributed to the advanced detection of infectious disease by improving accuracy and quality of patient care by implementing molecular based detection of pathogen (i.e., antigenicity and metabolomics tools) as well as personal care with follow-up monitoring care (i.e., immunogenicity and vaccinomics tools) in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis.
Inhibition of HepG-2 Cells (Liver Cancer Cell Line) Viability by 3-Hydroxypyridine-2-Carboxaldehyde N(4)-Methylthiosemicarbazone
Authors: Edrees Khan Rahmatzada  , Prof. Paras Nath Yadav  , Dr. Yuba Raj Pokharel
Published: April 2021

Thiosemicarbazone have the antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer effects. 3-OH-Me-TSC inhibited the cell viability of HepG-2 cells by CV assay in a concentration dependent manner (control, 1μM, 3μM, 10μM, 30μM, and 100μM) with IC50 value of 9.587622μM. Further colony formation assay demonstrated that 3-OH-Me-TSC inhibits colony number and size of HepG-2. Wound healing assay exhibited that 3-OH-Me-TSC inhibit the migration of HepG-2 cells. DAPI staining showed that 3-OH-Me-TSC inhibited proliferation of HepG-2 cells in 30μM and 100μM concentrations respectively. 3-OH-Me-TSC inhibited VEGF, p38 alpha, C-JUN, BECN-1, ERK, NF-KB, in HepG-2 cells. We found that 3-OH-Me-TSC inhibit proliferation of HepG-2 cells by inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway, 3-OH-Me-TSC can be developed as future chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma after the evaluation of this compounds in more cancer cells an in vivo model.
Review Article- Parasites: Introduction, Classification, Lifecycle and Relationship with their Hosts
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Mohammed Hamood
Published: April 2021

Parasites are microorganism that need host to continue its lifecycle, some of them need direct life cycle while others needs indirect lifecycle. In this review article the researcher focus on things that related to types of parasites, as well as their lifecycles, and the type of the hosts, and how parasites affect the host and their relationship. The review comes over a wide range of years up to 2020, and the last published researches that are related to the topic of this review. The review discusses briefly the classification of the parasites and classified them into three main classes (groups), which are, Helminthes, Protozoa, and Arthropods. Eventually, the researchers came to a certain conclusions such as parasites are living species that needs host to continue its life cycle, there are many types of hosts depend upon the needs of parasites, there are more than eight million of parasites and their weight ranged from 25 microgram up to 70 grams.
Cole Crops Disease Management Approaches Practiced by Farmers and its Impact on their Health: A Case Study of Nala, Kavre District of Nepal
Authors: Suman Sharma  , Santosh Shrestha  , Sudip Poudel  , Dr. Ram Devi Timila
Published: April 2021

A case study was conducted at Nala, Kavre district to assess the present cultivation and disease management status in cole crops in the year 2019 with use of semi-structured questionnaire among the local farmers. It was found that majority of respondent cultivated cole crops seasonally and faced five major disease problem in it namely: stalk root (Sclerotina sclerotiorum), Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria brassicae and A. brassicicola), damping off (Pythium sp.), root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) and club root (Plasmodiophora brassicae). For management of those diseases, 83% respondent used conventional method of disease management i.e. chemical fungicides and insecticides. But the methods of management of disease was found significant with IPM training and awareness on biological approaches they have heard or related program attained. Almost 40% respondent had practices IPM packages of pest control based on training they have received and 33% has practiced based on the awareness program they have received. Also female guided farming has more probability to adapt IPM tools to minimize effect of pesticides and cooperatives had also played major role in mass communicating benefits of IPM. With 83% conventional management practicing farmers, they reported to face piles of immediate and chronic health issues due to continuous pesticidal use. Eye irritation (16.9%), skin problems (21.4%), headache (10.7%), respiratory problems (7.1%), and vomiting (5.3%), and chronically cancer (27.7%) was reported in the area due to prolonged and hazardous use of pesticides in conventional practices as per the respondents.
Review Article: Obesity and Infertility
Authors: Meena S. Farman  , Marwa A. Akoul
Published: April 2021

Obesity is a main health problem, that affects people all over the world. According to recent articles, obese patients should be denied any therapy to aim improving ovulation rates and achieving pregnancy until their BMI is reduced. We believe that this approach does not solve the issue, but rather exacerbates the maternal and perinatal complications linked to fertility clinics. Obesity independent of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is related with anovulation, and a weight loss alone is an effective treatment for inducing ovulation in both obese women with or not PCOS. As a result, weight-loss lifestyle programs should be considered an ovulation induction therapy, with due consideration for a possible pregnancy in an obese woman.

Obesity has been linked to menstrual irregularities and infertility, Despite the fact that a critical mass of adipose tissue is needed for development female reproductive function. The severity of fat tissue distribution and obesity are important factors that affect the female reproductive system. The mechanisms of pathogenetic that link them aren't well understood. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are common in obese, especially those women with upper obesity of body, as are hyperandrogenemia, increased peripheral aromatization of androgens to oestrogens, altered secretion of gonadotrophin, and reduced (SHBG), decreased growth hormone (GH) , insulin like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), elevated level of leptin and changed neuroregulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis.
Effects of erring behavior in a human-robot joint musical task on adopting Intentional Stance toward the iCub robot
Authors: Ciardo Francesca , De Tommaso Davide , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

In this study, we examined whether the likelihood of attributing intentionality to robots is influenced by the human-likeness of errors during HRI. To this end, we designed an experimental protocol in which users performed a melody in a joint task with the iCub robot. We programmed the iCub robot to make an error in 60% of the repetitions. For half of the users, in the erroneous trials, the robot displayed a human-like error, i.e. switched one element of the melody by pressing the wrong key. For the other half of users, the robot erred mechanically, i.e., it interrupted to play the melody and moved back and forth between two keys in an “endless” loop. Before and after the joint musical task, we administered the InStance Test to evaluate the likelihood of treating the robot as an intentional agent. Results showed that mechanical errors during HRI reduced intentionality attribution toward the robot.
Papers of Islamic Thought Figures of Al-Farabi
Authors: Makbul M
Published: April 2021

Islam with its culture has been running for approximately 15 centuries. In such a long journey there are 5 amazing journey centuries in philosophical thought, namely between the 7th century to the 12th century. During that time, the Islamic philosophers thought about how the position of humans with others, humans with nature and humans with God, using their minds. They think systematically, analytically and critically, thus giving birth to Islamic philosophers who have high abilities because of their wisdom. Islamic philosophy grows and develops in two different areas, namely philosophy in the Masyriqi region (east) and philosophy in the Maghreb region (West). After Islam came, the Arabs controlled the areas of Persia, Syria and Egypt. So that the center of government moved from Medina to Damascus. At that time, two major cities emerged that played an important role in the history of Islamic thought, namely Basra and Kufa.Islamic philosophy in the eastern part of the world is different from the philosophy of Islam in the western world. Among the Islamic philosophers in the two regions there were differences of opinion on various points of thought. In the East there are several prominent philosophers, such as al-Kindi, al-Farabi and Ibn Sina. While in the West there are also some well-known philosophers, namely, Ibn Bajah, Ibn Thufail, and Ibn Rushd.
Perturbation-based trunk stabilization training in elite rowers: A pilot study
Authors: Schäfer Robin , Schäfer Hendrik , Platen Petra
Published: April 2021

IntroductionLow back pain is a major health issue in elite rowers. High training volume, frequent flexion movements of the lower spine and rotational movement in sweep rowing contribute to increased spinal strain and neuropathological patterns. Perturbation-based trunk stabilization training (PTT) may be effective to treat neuromuscular deficits and low back pain.MethodsAll boat classes (8+, 4+/-, 2-) of the male German national sweep rowing team participated in this non-randomized parallel group study. We included 26 athletes (PTT: n = 12, control group: n = 14) in our analysis. Physical and Sports therapists conducted 16 individualized PTT sessions á 30–40 minutes in 10 weeks, while the control group kept the usual routines. We collected data before and after intervention on back pain intensity and disability, maximum isometric trunk extension and flexion, jump height and postural sway of single-leg stance.ResultsWe found less disability (5.3 points, 95% CI [0.4, 10.1], g = 0.42) for PTT compared to control. Pain intensity decreased similar in both groups (-14.4 and -15.4 points), yielding an inconclusive between-group effect (95% CI [-16.3, 14.3]). Postural sway, strength and jump height tend to have no between- and within-group effects.ConclusionPerturbation-based trunk stabilization training is possibly effective to improve the physical function of the lower back in elite rowers.
Clinical Assessment and Etiological Evaluation of Optic Nerve Atrophy
Authors: Shrestha Pranav , Sitaula Sanjeeta , Sharma Ananda Kumar , Joshi Purushottam
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Optic atrophy results from the disease process that cause irreversible damage to the ganglion cells and the anterior visual pathway, but may also result from posterior visual pathway involvement. The etiology causing this condition is vast and regardless of underlying cause it carries bad visual prognosis and at times may be life threatening. The study aims to assess patients with optic nerve atrophy presenting to B.P. Koirala lions centre for ophthalmic studies and identify the underlying etiology.

Materials and methods:  This is a descriptive study conducted at B.P. Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic studies. All cases of optic atrophy who presented to our outpatient department from March 2016 to March 2017 were included in the study. In addition to detailed evaluation, assessment of visual acuity, color vision, contrast sensitivity and visual field were done if feasible. Other relevant investigations were conducted to establish the underlying etiological cause.

Results: A total of 62 patients were included in the study, with 35 patients having bilateral disease and 27 having unilateral disease accounting for 97 eyes with optic atrophy. The mean age of the affected was 40.63±17.36 years with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The most common etiology for optic atrophy was traumatic neuropathy (n=16, 25.8%). Majority of eyes had pale disc (n=70, 72.2%) and the rest had temporal pallor (n=27, 27.8%). 

Conclusion: Traumatic optic neuropathy was the most common etiological cause of optic nerve atrophy.
Acanthamoeba Keratitis – A Case Report
Authors: Joshi Leesha Shrestha , Gurung Reeta
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Acanthamoeba keratitis is a serious infection of the cornea which causes severe inflammation of the eye and loss of vision.

Case description: A 45 years female came with a history of trauma of right eye with vegetative matter with severe pain and redness. Patient was treated with antibacterial, antifungal eye drops but the condition deteriorated. Diagnosis was based on presence of motile trophozoites and cyst in the culture of non nutrient agar with a lawn of E coli of the corneal ulcer scraping. Therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty was performed as the patient’s condition deteriorated.

Conclusion: Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare parasitic vision threatening infection with poor prognosis in comparison to other infectious keratitis. Therefore prevention is very important.
Effects of Multiple representations and Problem- solving learning strategies on Physics students’ problem-solving abilities
Authors: ORULEBAJA YINKA TOSIN , OWOLABI OLATUNDE LAWAL , AKINTOYE HAKEEM
Published: April 2021

Student’s learning in physics takes many forms. Equations, diagrams, graphs and words all can be used to describe physical phenomena. Constructing descriptions of physical situations with these representations and focusing on their correct usage led to this study which investigated physics students’ knowledge of multiple representations and problem-solving abilities using multiple representations learning strategy and problem-solving learning strategy as an intervention. The pretest-posttest, control group quasi-experimental design with a 3x2x3 factorial matrix was used. A total of 294 Senior Secondary School-two (SSII) Physics students selected from six purposively sampled co-educational schools in Education Districts V of Lagos State formed the sample. Test of Knowledge of Multiple Representations Abilities in Projectiles and Equilibrium of forces (TKMRA-PE), Multiple Representations Abilities Assessment Instrument (MRAI) and Problem-Solving Assessment Instrument (PSAI). The reliability coefficient of the TKMRA-PE, MRAI, and PSAI were 0.83, 0.75 and 0.70 respectively. Data gathered were subjected to statistical techniques of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at 0.05 level of significant. Findings from the results showed significant effect of multiple representations learning strategies on problem-solving abilities; F (2, 291) = 4.440; p< 0.05, Ƞ2 =0.030. The descriptive statistics revealed the magnitude of problem-solving abilities across the groups. Students exposed to multiple representations learning strategy had the highest problem-solving abilities (x= 3.83), than their counterparts in problem-solving learning strategy( x = 29.4), and those conventional strategy group had the least problem-solving abilities(x =22.3). The finding showed that irrespective of gender and ability level, multiple representations and problem-solving strategies facilitate learning and should be recommended for teaching and learning of physics in senior secondary schools in Nigeria.
Xylocarpus granatum Mangrove Fruit Extract and Sodium Alginate Extract Lotion as Potent Wound Treatment Medicine
Authors: Pringgenies Delianis , Yudiati Ervia , Widyadmi Rini , Anggelina Amelia C. , Bahry Muhammad S.
Published: April 2021

A preliminary study to gauge the antimicrobial potency of Xylocarpus granatum mangrove fruit extract and sodium alginate extract against pathogenic microbe from the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Lotions made of mangrove fruit extract (Sample 1) lotion and of a mixture of fruit extract and sodium alginate extract lotion (Sample 2) were topically tested on incision cut wound on mice abdominal area. The lotion was applied daily for five consecutive days. Observation on the test subjects were conducted to determine the rate of blood agglutination, tissue recovery rate, and fibroblast development rate using histology. The results showed that X. granatum extract lotion displayed significant antimicrobial activity against both pathogenic microbe species and did not show any conflict with the microbial activity found in sodium alginate lotion. Lotion adhesiveness test measured sample 1 at 0.26 seconds and sample two at 0.16 seconds. Both samples were shown to be oily in water. Subject observation showed blood coagulation on the first day, onset of tissue recovery on the second day and by the third day the wound had undergone complete tissue recovery. Observation on the fifth day showed that fibroblast tissue on the subject with sample 2 treatment was more solid than that with sample 1 treatment. It was concluded that the mix of X. granatum mangrove fruit and sodium alginate extracts showed most potency in wound treatment.Key words: X. granatum; incision wound; lotions; skin; histology; fibroblast.
Xây dựng hệ thống mô phỏng kiểm soát không lưu tại sân phục vụ trong đào tạo huấn luyện
Authors: Lưu Thuần Văn , Hồ Thị Vũ Hiền , Phạm Minh Vương
Published: April 2021

Hệ thống mô phỏng điều khiển không lưu đã trở nên quen thuộc với các nước phát triển. Hơn nữa hiện tại ở Việt Nam, nhu cầu về hệ thống kiểm soát không lưu ngày càng lớn do sự bùng nổ của ngành hàng không dân dụng. Tuy nhiên chưa có một nghiên cứu hay một đơn vị nào xây dựng hệ thống này. Các Công ty quản lý bay miền Bắc và miền Nam đều mua các hệ thống mô phỏng kiểm soát tại sân với chi phí rất cao. Nhiều công ty quản lý bay khác cũng có nhu cầu cao về hệ thống này, kể cả các đơn vị quân đội. Nhu cầu này đã thúc đẩy nhóm nghiên cứu tìm kiếm giải pháp để xây dựng hệ thống mô phỏng kiểm soát không lưu phù hợp với nhu cầu đào tạo trong nước. Dựa trên các phần mềm mô phỏng mã nguồn mở riêng lẻ với một số tính năng cơ bản, nhóm nghiên cứu đã xây dựng thành công hệ thống mô phỏng kiểm soát không lưu tại sân kết hợp tái tạo khung cảnh 3D trực quan sinh động ứng dụng trong đào tạo huấn luyện kiểm soát viên không lưu.
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties of the Pasur River Estuarine Water
Authors: Shefat SHT , Chowdhury MA , Haque F , Hasan J , Salam MA , Shaha DC
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to investigate physico-chemical properties of the Pasur River Estuarine (PRE) water connected to the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem during the dry season for examining the ecosystem health. In-situ measurement and water sample collection were performed to assess physico-chemical properties at fifteen sampling stations along the main axis of the estuary in March 2018, April 2018, January 2019 and March 2019. Surface water temperature ranged from 20.7 to 33.7°C, pH from 7.1 to 7.9, and salinity from 8.5 to 16.2 PSU (practical salinity unit). Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration varied from 5.9 to 8.4 mg/L. Ammonium-nitrogen (NH4 +) was the dominant nitrogenous compound among the dissolved inorganic nitrogenous (NH4 + +NO3 -+NO2 -) compounds, and ranged from 0.11 to 2.11 mg/L. Higher NH4 + concentration in water column was largely attributed to release by tidal wash-out of the interstitial waters of the surﬁcial mangrove sediments. In contrast, phosphate concentration varied from 0.07 to 5.8 mg/L. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to elucidate the correlation among physico-chemical properties during the dry season. Temperature showed a significant positive correlation with salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS), and negative correlation with DO. Similarly, salinity showed a significant positive correlation with TDS and negative correlation with DO. According to the Redfield ratio, the PRE is a nitrogen-limited estuarine system during the dry season.

Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 1-16
Transforming Malta Orchard into Agroforestry System with Different Crops for Improving Productivity, Profitability and Land Uses
Authors: Das AK , Rahman MA , Saha SR , Sarmin NS , Hoque MA , Bhuiyan F
Published: April 2021

Sustainable agricultural practices like agroforestry systems are being advocated to overcome various problems of farming. A young malta (Citrus sinensis) orchard (3 years old) was transformed into a fruit tree-based agroforestry system in which the performances of summer (okra and Indian spinach) and autumn (mungbean and kangkong) crops and year-round spices (ginger and turmeric) were evaluated following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication each and eventually compared between agroforestry systems and respective sole cropping (control) from March 2018 to February 2019 at BSMRAU field. The experimental results revealed that the yields of the associated crops deprived when grown at the closest row position from the bed of malta tree and spices. Yields of okra, Indian spinach, mungbean, kangkong, turmeric and ginger were reduced by 7.57, 6.52, 14.86, 13.26, 9.70 and 16.23%, respectively under agroforestry system as compared to control. However, malta yield was increased by 5.35% in agroforestry system than control trees. The findings also indicated that the crops in agroforestry system was less hindered by the shade effect of malta trees due to less dense canopy of young malta trees. In comparison to sole cropping system, the higher benefit-cost ratio (BCR) (2.93) and land equivalent ratio (LER) (2.83) were obtained in the studied agroforestry system that explicated higher system productivity and land uses. Notable improvement of total nitrogen and organic matter were obtained in the soil under agroforestry system. Therefore, malta-based agroforestry system can be a promising alternative to provide higher economic benefits, boosting food and nutritional security, improving soil nutrient status and utilization of land.

Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 113-125
O lema Kuratowski-Zorn na matemática do Ensino Médio
Authors: Rosário Eduardo da Conceição , Balieiro Cassio Alessandro Batista , Dias Neylan Leal , Leal Simone de Almeida Delphim
Published: April 2021

O Lema Kuratowski-Zorn denominado frequentemente apenas por Lema de Zorn é objeto de controvérsias e debates desde o seu surgimento, apesar disto, sua relevância pode ser percebida pela grande quantidade de aplicações e consequências apresentadas sobre a forma de enunciados equivalentes que são presentes na área de exatas, e também em aplicações matemáticas que se baseiam na teoria dos conjuntos como, axioma da Escolha, Teorema da Boa ordem, Teorema de Tychonoff, Teorema Hahn Banach entre outros, sendo os três primeiros equivalentes ao Lema de Zorn. Por este motivo, teremos como objetivo, partindo de uma abordagem histórica sobre o mesmo, apresentar umas das aplicações que são responsáveis por fortalecer sua notoriedade e popularidade entre estudiosos matemáticos e cientistas das mais variadas áreas que se utilizam da Álgebra Linear para representar e resolver seus modelos matemáticas utilizando este Lema e suas equivalências, onde veremos como podemos encontrá-lo na matemática do ensino médio regular das escolas quando apresentada aos alunos.
Primary retention of permanent lower first molar: case report and twelve-year follow-up
Authors: Bassi Ana Paula Farnezi , Tonini Karen Rawen , Ponzoni Daniela
Published: April 2021

Impaction of permanent first and second molars is an uncommon condition, with a prevalence rate of 0.01% to 0.08% and few cases are described in the literature. Many etiological factors are reported for failure in the eruption of these teeth. However, the mechanisms responsible for this occurrence are still unknown. This article describes the treatment of a 12-year-old patient with a permanent lower molar impacted with twelve-year follow-up. The presence of the impacted tooth was diagnosed from an asymptomatic extra-oral volumetric increase at the base of the patient's jaw. The first impacted molar was surgically removed by intraoral access under local anesthesia. The patient was not able to follow orthodontic follow-up. In 12-year follow-up, it was observed that the removal of the impacted tooth was the best option for the case. This article also offers a discussion to broaden the understanding of the causes and treatment options in cases of permanent molar impacted.
Tecnologia educacional híbrida- blended learning no olhar do discente de enfermagem
Authors: Silva Najara Araújo da , Silva Larissa Leocadio da , Souza Daylene dos Santos , Viana Jaqueline Santos , Oliveira Jefferson Carlos de
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: O estudo em questão teve como objetivo identificar a fluência digital por meio da utilização do questionário, de Piconez nos graduandos de enfermagem. Método: Estudo de abordagem transversal, quantitativo, composto por 91 graduandos distribuídos entre o 1° ao 5° semestre do curso de Enfermagem. A coleta de dados ocorreu no mês de abril de 2019. Aplicado um formulário contendo os dados sociodemográficos e o Instrumento de Piconez. Os dados foram apresentados de modo descritivo. O projeto foi submetido a Plataforma Brasil sob o n° CAEE 89610218.1.0000.5493. Resultado: A variável predominante foi 68% gênero feminino e 23% gênero masculino. Quanto analisado o semestre, 24% eram do 5° semestre, 22% do 1° semestre, 17% do 2° e 4° semestre, 10% do 3°semestre e 1% nulo.  Conclusão: O uso da tecnologia na modalidade hibrida abre precedentes e lacunas a serem exploradas e mobilizadas para o uso como estratégias de ensino. Nessa perspectiva traz inovações a serem utilizadas e implementadas no que tange a abordagem pedagógica como mediador do conhecimento e aprendizagem.
Tubular chitosan device for use as prosthesis coating in vascular surgery
Authors: Macêdo Maria Dennise Medeiros , Lucena Breno de Medeiros , Cerqueira Glauber Rodrigues Cerqueira de , Sousa Wladymyr Jefferson Bacalhau de , Pedrosa Thiago Cajú , Barbosa Rossemberg Cardoso , Azevedo Ana Caroline Santana de , Souza Matheus Ferreira de , Oliveira Dayanna Kelly Marques de , Fook Marcus Vinicius Lia
Published: April 2021

Chitosan is a natural, biodegradable, non-toxic and biocompatible polymer, with characteristics such as a healing, hemostatic, antimicrobial agent, among others. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a tubular chitosan device for use as a prosthetic coating application in vascular surgery. The chitosan wires were obtained by the spinning method in a 2M sodium hydroxide coagulant solution (NaOH) and used in the form of wires and screens as a reinforcement structure to obtain the tubes. In order to characterize the tubes, optical microscopy, contact angle, degree of swelling, in vitro biodegradation, cytotoxicity and tensile strength were used. The results indicated that the tubes have uniformity over the entire length and as for the resistance to the trace, the tube reinforced with mesh presented greater deformation, while the tube reinforced with wire presented a higher value of rupture stress. The degree of swelling was higher in chitosan tubes with mesh. As for the biodegradation test, it was observed that the lysozyme samples showed greater loss of mass and the cytotoxicity test confirmed the cell viability of the material, concluding that the tubes reinforced with chitosan wires are promising for use in vascular surgeries.