bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of vaginal probiotic therapy on the outcome of papillomavirus infection
Authors: Oleynik V. V. , Kremleva E. A. , Sgibnev A. V.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To study the effect of vaginal probiotic therapy on the outcome of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Materials and methods. The study included HPV-infected patients: 29 patients with normal vaginal flora and 146 patients with a deficiency of vaginal lactobacilli, of which 117 patients received vaginal probiotic therapy. In samples obtained before and after the therapy, the effect of the probiotic on the change in the ratio of living, apoptotic, and necrotic vaginal epithelial cells after preliminary exposure to oxidative stress was studied.

Results. It was found that probiotics reduce the number of infected epithelial cells that survived the oxidative damage and shift the balance of cell death forms towards apoptosis. Vaginal probiotic therapy in patients with a deficiency of lactobacilli increased the frequency of HPV elimination by 2.5 times and reduced the likelihood of treatment failure from 1.5 to 4 times, depending on the viral load. The probiotic therapy made the structure of HPV outcomes in Lactobacillus-deficient patients similar to that in patients with normal vaginal flora.

Conclusion. Vaginal probiotic therapy improves outcomes of HPV infection in patients with a deficiency of lactobacilli by reducing the number of survived infected cells and shifting the cell death pattern towards apoptosis.
Gender aspects of urolithiasis development in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Bespalova I. D. , Boshchenko V. S. , Koshchavtseva Yu. I. , Tsoy A. V. , Teteneva A. V. , Mesko P. E. , Karzilov A. I. , Porovskiy Ya. V. , Mishustina E. L. , Tetenev K. F. , Kalyuzhinа E. V. , Kalyuzhin V. V.
Published: January 2022

The review summarizes and analyzes the results of domestic and major foreign studies of recent years concerning gender characteristics of the epidemiology and development mechanisms of metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis as an associated disease. A deep understanding of gender aspects in the pathogenesis of these pathologies can form the basis for development of high-quality diagnostic algorithms and pathogenetically grounded approaches to treatment.
Synaptic transmission molecules and their role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Klimov A. V. , Kalyuzhin O. V. , Klimov V. V. , Naidina O. A.
Published: January 2022

Immune cells and molecules, as well as synaptic transmission molecules play a regulatory role in the communication pathways of the entire body when it is necessary to engage all body resources in the fight against infections or tumor cells wherever they appear. In potential allergy, the neuroimmune network controls allergen tolerance maintenance at both local and systemic levels.

The review focuses on different neurotransmitters and our understanding of a balance and imbalance between the immune system and the nervous system in allergic inflammation, including allergic rhinitis. However, the pathogenesis of the two endotypes of rhinitis (conventional allergic rhinitis and local allergic rhinitis) and the impact of the neuroimmune network on it remain unresolved.
The role of herpes and human papillomavirus infection in prostate and bladder carcinogenesis
Authors: Mikhaleva L. M. , Kamalov A. A. , Maryin G. G. , Karpov V. K. , Akopyan E. P. , Osmanov O. A. , Pechnikova V. V.
Published: January 2022

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small epithelial, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Papillomaviridae family. HPV infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, and certain types of HPV are known to be carcinogenic to humans. According to the scientific literature, there is reliable information about the role of highly oncogenic HPV types in the development of cervical, anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancer.

Currently, a relevant and promising research area is the study of the role of HPV infection in prostate cancer (PC) and bladder cancer (BC), but scientific data on the potential pathogenetic relationship between these phenomena remain contradictory. An in-depth study of the question how herpes and human papillomavirus affect the origin of malignant tumors of the prostate and bladder, as well as the course of these diseases, and the prognosis of their development can become a source of information for development of new approaches to their diagnosis, prevention, and monitoring of morbidity. This literature review analyzes the results of modern studies on the role of oncogenic HPV types in the carcinogenesis of PC and BC.
Possibilities of conservative treatment of patients with lymphedema of the extremities (literature review)
Authors: Myshentsev P. N. , Yarovenko G. V. , Katorkin S. E.
Published: January 2022

The literature review describes various methods for treating patients with lymphedema of the extremities. Statistics show an increase in the incidence and disability of patients with this pathology. However, the possibilities of therapeutic measures in lymphedema are far from perfect.

The analysis of literature data showed that the basis of treatment for lymphedema of the extremities is comprehensive conservative therapy with the use of pathogenetically grounded physical, mechanical, and medical methods. In complex schemes of conservative treatment for lymphedema, physiotherapy methods occupy a prominent place. The most common technique among them is regular combined decongestive therapy. This method is recognized by leading experts as the main one in treating patients with lower extremity lymphedema. Commitment of patients to treatment and their social and psychological counseling are of great importance. The choice of the volume and method of surgical intervention requires a difficult and individual assessment of pathological changes developing throughout the course of the disease.

Despite certain improvements in treatment methods, lower extremity lymphedema is still an unsolved issue. The experience of most specialists involved in lymphedema treatment demonstrates a reasonable balance between basic conservative and surgical treatment methods. Undoubtedly, results of evaluation of these methods will improve the choice of an optimal technique for treating patients with lymphedema of the extremities.
Epicutaneous sensitization. what do we know?
Authors: Novik G. A. , Zhdanova M. V. , Demidova A. S.
Published: January 2022

Background. According to the currently existing hypothesis, epicutaneous sensitization is one of the leading mechanisms in the development of food allergy.

The aim of this review was to analyze immune mechanisms in epicutaneous sensitization and the role of skin barrier impairment.

We performed a literature search using PubMed, UpToDate, Web of Science, and Scopus databases by the key words: epicutaneous sensitization, atopic dermatitis, skin barrier impairment, food allergy. Articles were to be in open access and present the most relevant information on the topic. Studies were selected by the largest sample size and the highest citation index. Once publications were identified, they were reviewed by all the authors to select the studies that specifically addressed the theme of the review. A total of 101 publications from 1998–2000 were included in the study.

This review article discusses the data of experimental studies, sets out modern ideas about the hypothesis of a double exposure to an allergen, and presents research data proving the clinical significance of epicutaneous sensitization in relation to food allergy. Knowledge about the mechanisms of epicutaneous sensitization development is necessary to elaborate strategies for prevention of food allergy. One of the modern trends in prevention is the use of emollients, which are supposed to restore the skin response. However, studies on preventive intake of emollients do not present a similar viewpoint.

There is not enough evidence for or against the mechanism of epicutaneous sensitization as an indispensable condition for the formation of food allergies. Further research in this area is required.
Artificial neural networks in cardiology: analysis of graphic data
Authors: Onishchenko P. S. , Klyshnikov K. Yu. , Ovcharenko E. A.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To consider application of convolutional neural networks for processing medical images in various fields of cardiology and cardiac surgery using publications from 2016 to 2019 as an example.

Materials and methods. In the study, we used the following scientific databases: PubMed Central, ArXiv, ResearchGate. The cited publications were grouped by the area of interest (heart, aorta, carotid arteries).

Results. The general principle of work of the technology under consideration was described, the results were shown, and the main areas of application of this technology in the studies under consideration were described. For most of the studies, sample sizes were given. The author’s view on the development of convolutional neural networks in medicine was presented and some limiting factors for their distribution were listed.

Conclusion. A brief overview shows possible areas of application of convolutional neural networks in the fields of cardiology and cardiac surgery. Without denying the existing problems, this type of artificial neural networks may help many doctors and researchers in the future.
The association between parameters of oral mucosal immunity and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with rampant caries
Authors: Putneva A. S. , Karavaeva T. M. , Maksimenya M. V. , Tereshkov P. P. , Mishchenko M. N. , Fefelova E. V. , Tsybikov N. N. , Parshina A. A.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To determine the saliva level of immunoregulatory proteins in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and evaluate the association of their concentration with 25(OH)D plasma level.

Materials and methods. The study was performed in two groups. The experimental group included 15 patients aged 20–22 years with rampant caries and the 25(OH)D plasma level of < 20 ng / ml. The control group encompassed 15 healthy age-matched volunteers with the 25(OH)D plasma level of 20–100 ng / ml. The concentrations of B7.2 (CD86), free active TGF-β1, CTLA-4, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, IGFBP-4, and ICAM-1 were assessed using flow cytometry. The levels of LL-37 and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were measured using ELISA. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to reveal a correlation between the indicated proteins and the 25(OH)D plasma level.

Results. A decrease in B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevation of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 saliva levels were detected in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. A positive Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was revealed between plasma 25(OH)D and saliva levels of free active TGF-β1, CTLA4, B7.2 (CD86), LL-37, and sIgA. A negative correlation was revealed between 25(OH)Dand ICAM-1.

Conclusion. 25(OH)D deficiency in patients with rampant caries is associated with decreased levels of B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevated levels of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 in the saliva.
Features of morphometric parameters of vessels in the human portal venous system identified by multislice computed tomography
Authors: Russkikh A. N. , Shabokha A. D. , Tyumentsev N. V. , Derevtsova S. N.
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to identify the morphometric features of the human portal venous system by means of multislice computed tomography (MSCT).

Materials and methods. A contrast X-ray study of the portal vein was carried out in 53 men who were treated in the surgical departments of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Hospital No. 1. The average age of the patients was 54.9 ± 1.7 years (36–71 years). Measurements were performed on 3D models of the vascular bed in the portal venous system (GE Advantage Workstation and Siemens singo.via workstations). Branching patterns, length, diameter, angle of the portal vein formation relative to the midline of the human body, and angles of formation of the vessels forming the portal vein in the frontal plane were evaluated.

Results. Variations in the morphometric parameters of the intrahepatic vessels of the portal vein are obvious, although the branching patterns are not diverse and are reduced to one type – the magistral pattern (according to V.N. Shevkunenko). The veins that form the portal vein are represented by three systems, each of which has a stem and tributaries that differ in branching patterns and other morphological characteristics.

Conclusion. The findings of the study made it possible to supplement the scientific materials regarding branching patterns and morphological characteristics of the portal vein and its tributaries as well as to use the morphometric characteristics of the superior and inferior mesenteric and splenic veins to resolve the issues of surgical intervention on the abdominal organs.
Comparison of cutting and coagulation properties of 1.56 and 1.94 µm fiber lasers and a 0.98 µm semiconductor laser
Authors: Ryabova M. A. , Ulupov M. Yu. , Shumilova N. A. , Portnov G. V. , Tikhomirova E. K. , Malkova M. E.
Published: January 2022

Aim of the study was to compare the cutting and coagulation properties of 1.56 and 1.94 μm fiber lasers with those of a 0.98 μm semiconductor laser.

Materials and methods. A comparative study of the biological effects of 1.56 and 1.94 µm lasers and a 0.98 µm semiconductor laser used in a constant, continuous mode was carried out. The cutting properties of the lasers were evaluated on the chicken muscle tissue samples by the width and depth of the ablation zone formed via a linear laser incision at a speed of 2 mm/s, while the coagulation properties were assessed by the width of the lateral coagulation zone. The zones were measured using a surgical microscope and a calibration slide. For statistical analysis, power values of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 W were chosen for each laser wavelength.

Results. Analysis of the findings confirmed that laser wavelength had a statistically significant effect on the linear dependence between incision parameters and laser power. It was found that the 1.56 μm fiber laser (water absorption) had a greater coagulation ability but a comparable cutting ability compared with the 0.98 μm laser (hemoglobin absorption). When used in the power mode of 7W or higher, the 1.94 µm laser provided superior cutting performance compared with the 0.98 µm semiconductor laser at the same exposure power. Elevating the power in any of the lasers primarily increased the width of the ablation zone, and to a lesser extent – the crater depth and the width of the lateral coagulation zone. Therefore, in comparison with the 0.98 μm semiconductor laser, higher radiation power in the 1.56 and 1.94 μm lasers mainly influences their cutting properties, expanding the width and depth of the ablation zone, and has a smaller effect on their coagulation ability.

Conclusion. The findings of the study showed that the 1.56 and 1.94 μm fiber lasers have better coagulation properties in comparison with the 0.98 μm semiconductor laser. was statistically proven that all incision characteristics (width of the lateral coagulation zone, depth and width of the ablation zone) for the 1.56, 1.94, and 0.98 μm lasers depend on the power of laser radiation. The 1.94 µm laser is superior to the 0.98 µm laser in its cutting properties.
The role of protein kinase C and PI3-kinase in the mechanism of the cardioprotective effect of remote ischemic postconditioning
Authors: Mukhomedzyanov A. V. , Naryzhnaya N. V. , Maslov L. N.
Published: January 2022

Background. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ST segment elevation is associated with high incidence of complications. Mortality from AMI is about 5%, which has not decreased in recent years. Revascularization provides recovery of coronary blood flow, but also contributes to the occurrence of reperfusion injury to the heart. Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) is a promising, non-invasive method that can effectively and safely reduce the infarct size.

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of protein kinase C and PI3-kinase in the development of the infarct-limiting effect of remote ischemic postconditioning.

Materials and methods. The study was performed on Wistar rats. Coronary artery occlusion (45 min) and reperfusion (2 h) were performed. The infarct size (IS) and the size of area at risk (AAR) were assessed. RIPostC was modeled by applying tourniquets to the hind limbs in the hip joint immediately after the restoration of coronary blood flow. All inhibitors were administered intravenously 10 min before reperfusion.

Results. In the control group, the IS / AAR ratio was 44%. RIPostC reduced the IS / AAR ratio by about 50%. Preliminary administration of the protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine and the PI3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin eliminated the cardioprotective effect of RIPostC.

Conclusion. The mechanism of the infarct-limiting effect of RIPostC is implemented through activation of protein kinase C and PI3-kinase.
The effect of coal-derived humic substances and their silver-containing bionanocomposites on arginine balance in peritoneal macrophages of intact mice
Authors: Trofimova E. S. , Zykova M. V. , Danilets M. G. , Ligacheva A. A. , Sherstoboev E. Yu. , Grigorieva I. O. , Mikhalev D. A. , Tsupko A. V. , Logvinova L. A. , Perminova I. V. , Belousov M. V.
Published: January 2022

Background. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), especially macrophages, play an important role in the body defense against various pathogens. Their dysfunction and polarization are associated with most inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The inflammatory process is regulated by activation and / or inhibition of genes differentially expressed by macrophages. Successful correction of inflammation leads firstly to elimination of inflammatory stimuli and then to remodeling and restoration of tissues and organs. It was experimentally confirmed that silvercontaining bionanocomposites based on natural humic substances (HS) obtained from coal of different origin, as well as initial matrices of these HS, are capable of activating pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of macrophages.

Aim. To study cytotoxic, pyrogenic, and immunomodulatory properties (arginine balance) of initial HS samples and samples of silver nanoparticles ultradispersed in these HS matrices (HS-AgNPs) in the cell culture of peritoneal macrophages, as well as their effect on pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of APCs.

Materials and methods. Cultural and biochemical methods were used in the study.

Results. The study showed that the samples CHE-K, CHE-AgNPs, CHS-K, and CHP-K increased M1 macrophage polarization due to stimulation of the NO-synthase activity and inhibition of arginase. The samples CHI-K, CHIAgNPs, CHP-AgNPs, and CHS-AgNPs modulated an alternative M2 or M2-like state of macrophage activation. At the same time, HS are not cytotoxic at effective concentrations, and three out of four studied samples did not contain pyrogenic impurities.

Conclusion. The use of HS and their silver-containing bionanocomposites, which have the ability to greatly affect the polarization of antigen-presenting cells, is a promising research area in correction of the inflammatory response for solving an important social and medical problem of treating chronic wounds.
Features of the level of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -3, -9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1, -2, -3, -4 in the aqueous humor of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Chernykh V. V. , Konenkov V. I. , Ermakova O. V. , Orlov N. B. , Trunov A. N.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To study the content of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -3, -9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) -1, -2, -3, -4 in the aqueous humor of patients with moderate primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Materials and methods. The experimental group included 47 patients with verified moderate primary open-angle glaucoma. The control group consisted of 26 patients with uncomplicated cataract. The levels of MMP-2, -3, -9 were determined with Luminex Performance Human MMP Magnetic Panel 3-plex kit (R&D Systems, USA), the concentration of TIMPs-1, -2, -3, - 4 was determined with the Human TIMP Magnetic Luminex Performance Assay 4-plex kit (R&D Systems, USA). The study was carried out using flow-through field fluorometry on a Bio-Plex 200 double-beam laser analyzer (Bio-Rad, USA).

Results. The study showed a statistically significant increase in the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2, -3, -4 in the aqueous humor of patients with moderate POAG compared with patients with uncomplicated cataract.

Conclusion. The obtained data on high concentrations and imbalance in the levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in the aqueous humor of patients with moderate POAG confirm the role of local inflammation, as well as impairments in the structure of the extracellular matrix and its remodeling in the mechanisms of development of this pathology.
Correlation magnetodynamics equations taking into account the uniaxial quadratic correction in the approximation of the one-particle distribution function
Authors: Ivanov Anton Valerievich
Published: January 2022

The system of equations for correlation magnetodynamics (CMD) is based on the Bogolyubov chain and approximation of the two-particle distribution function taking into account the correlations between the nearest neighbors. CMD provides good agreement with atom-for-atom simulation results (which are considered ab initio), but there is some discrepancy in the phase transition region. To solve this problem, a new system of CMD equations is constructed, which takes into account the quadratic correction in the approximation of the one-particle distribution function. The system can be simplified in a uniaxial case.
IDENTIFIKASI NEMATODA USUS GOLONGAN STH (Soil Transmitted Helimnth) MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK DAUN JATI (Tectona grandis)
Authors: Khatimah Husnul , Hasanuddin AR Pratiwi , Amirullah Amirullah
Published: January 2022

Indonesia merupakan salah satu Negara dengan kasus kecacingan yang cukup tinggi. Kasus kecacingan ini disebabkan oleh infeksi cacing usus yang proses menularnya melalui perantara tanah (Soil Transmitted helmint). Penyakit kecacingan banyak ditemukan di daerah dengan kelembaban tinggi terutama pada kelompok masyarakat dengan kebersihan diri dan keadaan lingkungan yang kurang baik. Cacing yang merupakan penyebab dari infeksi adalah Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura dan cacing tambang. Infeksi cacing ini mengakibatkan beberapa masalah yakni gangguan pencernaan, penyerapan serta metabolisme makanan sehingga protein, karbohidrat, lemak, vitamin dan darah dapat hilang dalam jumlah yang banyak. Eosin 2% merupakan pewarna yang selama ini digunakan dalam pewarnaan telur cacing nematode usus. Daun jati (Tectona grandis) merupakan tanaman yang memberikan warna alami karena mengandung.pigmen Antosianin. Antosianin mampu memberikan warna merah, biru, orange atau ungu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran cacing STH (Soil Transmitted Helminth) menggunakan ekstrak daun jati (Tectona.grandis). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dekskriptif dengan pemeriksaan cacing menggunakan metode sedimentasi yang dilakukan dengan pewarna ekstrak daun jati dengan pelarut ethanol dan esoin 2% sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa ekstrak daun jati konsentrasi 60% lebih baik dan mampu dijadikan sebagai pewarna pengganti eosin. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun jati dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna alami dalam pemeriksaan telur cacing.

Kata Kunci: Daun jati, Eosin, Soil Transmitted Helminth, Telur cacing
TINJAUAN KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN DI KOTA BATU
Authors: Witjaksono Agung , Gai Ardi Maksimilianus , Poerwati Titik
Published: January 2022

Kota Batu merupakan wilayah yang mempunyai banyak potensi untuk pengembangan pariwisata, pertanian, perkebunan, permukiman, jasa dan industri. Wilayah Kota Batu merupakan kawasan yang mempunyai peran sebagai kawasan konservasi dan kawasan fungsi lindung. Pembangunan Kota Batu akan mempengaruhi berkurangnya lahan pertanian. Pada aspek yang lain perlindungan terhadap lahan pertanian perlu dipertahankan. Penelitian akan mengkaji aspek pendukung pengembangan di sektor pertanian di Kota Batu, baik dari aspek fisik, aspek sosial dan aspek kebijakan. Karena adanya fenomena terjadinya alih fungsi lahan pertanian. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode diskriptif dan menggunakan metode analisis super-impuse. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder dan hasil observasi lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan di sektor pertanian dalam kebijakan dan strategi RTRW, RENSTRA Kota Batu maupun kebijakan sektoral mendapat prioritas cukup besar. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan masih terjadi alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi lahan non pertanian. Selain itu terjadi perubahan lahan hutan menjadi lahan perkebunan, pariwisata dan lahan pertanian, yang akan memberikan dampak kerusakan lingkungan apabila alih fungsi tidak dikendalikan.
KEANEKARAGAMAN AVIFAUNA DAERAH TERBUKA DAN TERTUTUP DI WILAYAH KAMPUS KENTINGAN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
Authors: Sari Dewi Puspita , Lestari Dwi Indah , Saputra Alanindra , Prabowo Chandra Adi , Harlita Harlita
Published: January 2022

Perubahan kondisi lingkungan akibat pembangunan sarana dan prasarana akan mempengaruhi kehidupan bagi beberapa organisme termasuk burung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedakan keanekaragaman burung pada dua habitat yang berbeda di lingkungan kampus UNS sehingga data yang dihasilkan memberi gambaran kualitas daya dukung lingkungan UNS. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April - Mei 2021  di Danau Fakultas Pertanian (FP) UNS dan kawasan Hutan Fakultas Kedokteran (FK) UNS. Subjek penelitian merupakan burung-burung yang terdapat di  kedua lokasi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode pointcount  yakni mengamati subjek penelitian dengan diam di suatu tempat dengan batasan jarak tertentu. Analisis data menggunakan deskripsi kualitatif untuk menguraikan jenis spesies, dan analisis secara kuantitatif untuk mengetahui indeks keanekaragaman jenis, indeks kelimpahan jenis, dan indeks dominansi. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan mulai dari penentuan lokasi, penentuan transek, penentuan titik hitung, pengamatan, akumulasi data, analisis data, dan terakhir kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata keanekaragaman jenis burung dari kedua lingkungan yang diamati. Danau FP UNS memiliki keanekaragaman sebesar 2,016 sedangkan Hutan FK sebesar 2,086. Kategori keanekaragaman tergolong sedang sehingga dapat disimpulkan daya dukung Danau FP dan Hutan FK UNS cukup dengan kestabilan ekosistem yang cukup dan tekanan ekologis rendah.
Determination of Fractional Chromatic Numbers in the Operation of Adding Two Different Graphs
Authors: Sesa Junianto , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: January 2022

The development of graph theory has provided many new pieces of knowledge, one of them is graph color. Where the application is spread in various fields such as the coding index theory. Fractional coloring is multiple coloring at points with different colors where the adjoining point has a different color. The operation in the graph is known as the sum operation. Point coloring can be applied to graphs where the result of operations is from several special graphs.  In this case, the graph summation results of the path graph and the cycle graph will produce the same fractional chromatic number as the sum of the fractional chromatic numbers of each graph before it is operated.
The Primitive-Solutions of Diophantine Equation x^2+pqy^2=z^2, for primes p,q
Authors: Mangalaeng Aswad Hariri
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we determine the primitive solutions of diophantine equations x^2+pqy^2=z^2, for positive integers x, y, z, and primes p,q. This work is based on the development of the previous results, namely using the solutions of the Diophantine equation x^2+y^2=z^2, and looking at characteristics of the solutions of the Diophantine equation x^2+3y^2=z^2 and x^2+9y^2=z^2.
ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ACALYPHA WILKESIANA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF FUNGAL ISOLATES OF CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Sherifat Katibi Oludolapo , Itohan Aboh Mercy , Adeola Salawu Oluwakayinsola , Adeola Kola -Mustapha , Aderemi Olatunji Lawrence
Published: January 2022

Acalypha wilkesiana (AW), a popular medicinal plant has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of skin disorders including pityriasis versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis. As a prelude to clinical trials in humans, an experimental study was carried out to determine the spectrum of antifungal activity of 2 variants of the Acalypha wilkesiana plant. Materials and Methods: The ethanol extract and herbal cream formulation of the dried leaves of 2 cultivars (Macrophylla & Hoffmani) of Acalypha wilkesiana were investigated for in-vitro antifungal activity by disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution techniques. Organisms tested were typed cultures of Malassezia furfur, Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum; and clinical strains of Microsporum canis and Epidermophyton floccosum. Results: Both cultivars (Macrophylla and Hoffmanii) of the plant showed good activity against all the fungi tested except Microsporum canis (8.0±0.00; 7.00±0.00 mm). The greatest activity was observed against Trichophyton rubrum (22.0±0.00; 24.00±0.00 mm) while Candida albicans showed the least activity (15.0±0.00; 18.00±0.57 mm). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the crude extract ranged between 0.25 and 8 mg/ml for all organisms, while that of the herbal cream was 0.31-8mg/ml. The lowest MIC was seen with Candida albicans for both varieties of the plant. The Acalypha wilkesiana Hoffmanii demonstrated a greater activity against Candida albicans and Malassezia furufur than the A. wilkesiana (Macrophylla). Conclusion: This study reveals Acalypha wilkesiana leaf extract has potential for development as a cream that can be used to treat superficial fungal skin infections.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Profesional dan Pedagogik terhadap Kinerja Guru
Authors: Suparti Tinuk , Aziz Al Mubarok Ahmad Aly Syukron
Published: January 2022

Mutu pendidikan bisa dicapai melalui beberpa komponen, diantaranya: kompetensi profesional dan kompetensi pedagogik, komponen tersebut membutuhkan kinerja dan keahlian guru dalam memberikan dan mengimplementasikan kinerja agar mencapai hasil yang maximal. Penlitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaa pengaruh kompetnsi profesional dan pedagogik terhadap kinerja guru.Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode Quantitative Research (Riset Kuantitatif). Teknik pengumpulan memakai data Observasi, angket, interview dan dokumentasi. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh guru Raudhatul Athfal di Kecamatan Prigen  Kabupaten Pasuruan yang berjumlah 65 guru. hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa: terdapat pengaruh positif secara simultan terhadap kinerja guru Raudhatul Athfal di Kecamatan Prigen Kabupaten Pasuruan. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dari hasil penelitian  secara empirik diketahui nilai Fhitung = 19.420 dan f tabel sebesar 4,00 sehingga diketahui (Fhitung Ftabel, 19,420 4,00) , dan p-value = 0,000 0,05. Dengan demikian pengaruh kompetensi profesional dan pedagogik secara simultan terhadap kinerja guru adalah signifikan. Maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa hipotesis kerja (Ha) yang berisi “ Kompetensi profesional dan pedagogik secara simultan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja guru Raudhatul Athfal di Kecamatan Prigen Kabupaten Pasuruan” dapat diterima atau terbukti kebenarannya.
Pengaruh Media Color Bead Stairs Terhadap Kemmapuan Berhitung Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun
Authors: Dini Rahmi Meilisti , Sayekti Tri , Kusumawardani Ratih
Published: January 2022

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PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DAN ETIKA BAGI PENGGUNA FINTECH PEER TO PEER LENDING DI INDONESIA
Authors: Prastyanti Rina Arum , Suseno Adnan Terry
Published: January 2022

The rapid growth of illegal online loan services is also caused by the potential of the Indonesian people themselves to become a large enough market for online loan services. There are still many Indonesians who are not bankable, so many turn to illegal online loan services that are easier and faster. Currently, there are 105 illegal Fintechs that have been brought under control by the Investment Alert Task Force since 2018-2020. In terms of fintech dispute resolution, there is no dispute resolution agency that effectively resolves disputes. This is because the location of the parties is unclear, besides that the fintech lending administrator in the standard electronic contract clause does not specify a court. This research is a normative juridical research using the Systematic Literature Review Method which refers to Kitchenham (2019) with research stages using planning, implementation and reporting. The first stage begins with formulating the main objectives of this research. This is to identify what problems arise from the Peer to peer Lending industry. On November 13, 2020, OJK issued a draft regulation on P2P, which is planned to replace POJK 77, to provide legal certainty to the P2P business model and protect the public interest. Several provisions in the draft were adopted from OJK regulations that exist in other business sectors that are strictly regulated such as insurance, securities, and finance. The protection of peer to peer fintech lending business ethics has been stated in the AFPI 2020 special Code of Conduct Number 002/SK/COC/INT/V/2020. However, the rules of business ethics that have been made still have weaknesses which will have an impact on consumers' losses.
One for All and All in One: Modified Silica Kit-based Protocol for simultaneous sample-specific Extraction of DNA from a Variety of Source Materials
Authors: Schmerer Wera M
Published: January 2022

Protocols utilized for the extraction of DNA vary significantly with regards to steps involved and duration of the overall procedure due to material-specific requirements for ensuring the highest possible yield in recovery of DNA. This variation mostly affects aspects of sample preparation and digestion steps required to release the DNA from the sample material.In contexts such as the development of new PCR-based assays - which always includes a test of species-specificity - reference samples from a number of species are utilized, requiring extraction of DNA from a variety of source materials, each with their specific conditions for effective isolation of DNA.The method presented here follows the strategy of synchronizing sample material-specific aspects such as sample preparation and digestion in such a way that one common protocol can be utilized for the actual extraction and purification of the DNA, allowing for an overall more efficient extraction process, while maintaining optimized conditions for DNA recovery.
An Enhanced Packet Transmission Framework for Handling Real Time Burst Traffic in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ganesan Sangeetha , Muthuswamy Vijayalakshmi
Published: January 2022

Congestion control for real time traffic is an important network measure to be handled in case of repeated event triggers, continuous packet re-transmissions, node interference, node deaths and node failures in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Network modelling for transmission of packets from source node to sink using probabilistic M/Pareto and Poisson processes have been examined in the past. The existing methodologies are deficit in designing a queuing framework considering other network parameters such as energy consumption and delay for alleviating congestion and thereby efficiently routing packets to sink by reducing packet drops. To overcome this fall back, a Minimum Weight Estimation for Mitigating Congestion during Real Time Burst Traffic (MWCBT) framework is proposed. This gives a precautionary solution against heavy traffic occupancy among the interim and sink-neighbouring nodes in WSNs is proposed. Routing of packets using a congestion-free path is required to increase the node lifespan. An optimal M/Pareto stochastic traffic generator is used in combination with traffic factors such as energy and delay to predict amount of traffic across nodes. A simpler congestion prediction mechanism is performed to control the occurrence of heavy-tailed traffic distributions. A torrent weight value for incoming traffic is generated at each node periodically that directs routing of data packets to sink. The devised MWCBT framework supervises real-time traffic congestion and is found to be more optimal than the existing approaches for network traffic modelling. The proposed approach achieves greater packet delivery ratio and less node congestion compared to the existing network modelling techniques.
Multicriteria q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Decision Analysis: A Novel Approach Based on Archimedean Aggregation Operators with the Confidence Levels
Authors: Shao Yabin , Wang Ning , Gong Zengtai
Published: January 2022

The confidence levels can reduce the influence of the unreasonable evaluation value was given by the decision maker on the decision-making results. The Archimedean t-norm and t-conorm (ATS) also have many advantages for the processing of uncertain data. Under this environment, the confidence q-rung orthopair fuzzy aggregation operators based on ATS is one of the most successful extensions of confidence q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers (Cq-ROFNs) in which decrease the deviation caused by the subjective perspective of the decision maker in the multicriteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problems. In this paper, we propose weighted, ordered weighted averaging aggregation operators and weighted, ordered weighted geometric aggregation operators based on ATS, respectively. Moreover, the properties and four specific forms associated with aggregation operators are also investigated. In this study, a novel MCGDM approach is introduced by using the proposed operator. A reasonable example is proposed and compared the results which are obtained by our operators and that in existing literature, so as to verify the rationality and flexible of our method. From the study, we concluded that the proposed method can reduce the impact of extreme data, and makes decision-making results more reasonable by considering the attitudes of decision-makers.
COVID-19 symptoms reduce with targeted hydration of the nose, larynx and trachea
Authors: George Carolin Elizabeth , Scheuch Gerhard , Seifart Ulf , Inbaraj Leeberk , Chandrasingh Sindhulina , Nair Indu , Hickey Anthony , Barer Michael , Fletcher Eve , Field Rachel , Salzman Jonathan , Moelis Nathan , Ausiello Dennis , Edwards David
Published: January 2022

Dirty air and poor access to healthcare threatens the lives of billions of people in low-income regions of the world. We investigated whether upper-airway hydration might alter two-phase flow in the airways on normal tidal breathing and be a useful, safe, easily distributed non-drug intervention for limiting risks of COVID-19. In observational human volunteer studies involving 464 human subjects in Marburg, Germany (357 normal subjects), Boston, US (20 healthy subjects), and Bangalore, India (87 subjects recently tested positive for COVID-19), we find that respiratory droplet generation increases by up to 4 orders of magnitude with up to 1% total body mass dehydration (n=20), and in dehydration-associated states of advanced age (n=357), elevated BMI-age (n=148), and SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=87). Hydration of the nose, larynx and trachea in a protocol of exercise-induced dehydration by the nasal inhalation of calcium-rich hypertonic salt droplets of mean diameter 8-12 µm diminished respiratory droplet numbers and increased oxygenation relative to a non-treatment control (P<0.05). In a randomized double-blinded nasal-saline control study, thrice-a-day delivery of the calcium-rich hypertonic salts (active) over three days suppressed respiratory droplet generation by 51% +/- 11% and increased oxygen saturation by 48.08% ± 9.61% (P<0.001) in COVID-19 positive subjects (n=20), while no changes in exhaled aerosol (P=0.235) or oxygen saturation (P=0.533) were observed in the nasal-saline control group (n=20). In the active group 47% of patients discharged with no self-reported symptoms while all of the subjects in the nasal saline group discharged with lingering symptoms. Hydration of the upper airways appears promising as a non-drug approach for reducing risks of lower respiratory-tract infections such as COVID-19.
Utility of Systemic Inflammatory Syndrome Score in Predicting Healthcare-Associated Infections in Critically Ill Patients: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhao Guang-ju , Xu Chang , Chen Long-wang , Hong Guang-liang , Li Meng-fang , Wu Bin , Lu Zhong-qiu
Published: January 2022

Background
Effective prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) requires early identification of at-risk patients. There is no score designed to predict HAIs. The present study was aimed to explore an available score, Systemic inflammatory syndrome (SIRS) score, on admission in predicting HAIs among critically ill patients.
Methods
This study was based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC III) version 1.4. Patients with HAIs were matched with control patients who had no HAIs in a 1:1 ratio based on age, gender, mechanical ventilation, deep venous catheterization, urethral catheterization, and surgical operation. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to various variables including infection likelihood on admission. The prognostic values of SIRS and infectious SIRS on admission in predicting HAIs were analyzed using logistic regression.
Results
A total of 2437 patients with HAIs and 2437 matched controls were enrolled in the final analysis. Adjusted odds ratio (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for HAIs of SIRS scores (1 to 4) on admission was 1.48 (0.77-2.83), 1.86 (0.99-3.47), 2.14 (1.15-3.98), and 2.58 (1.39-4.80). Adjusted ORs (95%CI) for HAIs of SIRS (score≥2) and infectious SIRS were 1.57 (1.27-1.94) and 1.78 (1.52-2.09), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that SIRS on admission was an independent risk factor for HAIs in patients admitted without definite and probable infection likelihood (OR=1.54, 95%CI 1.28-1.93). However, it was not a risk factor for HAIs inpatients admitted with infection, in non-white patients, and in patients with liver disease or obesity, and in patients who received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (all P>0.05). In addition, it was showed that infectious SIRS on admission was not a risk factor for HAIs in black patients and in patients with obesity, and those received TPN (all P>0.05).
Conclusions
Infectious SIRS on admission significantly predicts HAIs among critical illness patients. SIRS on admission was a predictor of HAIs in ICU patients admitted without infection but not in patients admitted with infection.
The Effect of Maternal Vitamin D Intake on the Incidence of Nonspecific Respiratory Distress in Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Boskabadi Hassan , Nakhaei Hosein Ataee , Pourbadakhshan Nafiseh , Darabi Azadeh , Sani Morteza Rasti
Published: January 2022

Background
vitamin D deficiency is associated with respiratory problems in neonates. The late preterm or near-term neonates who have been admitted for tachypnea and fully recovered before 12 h, we called Non-specific respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 25(OH) D administration in pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery on the incidence of NRDS in their infants.
Methods
This single-blind clinical trial was performed on mothers and neonates with a gestational age of 32-37 weeks who were referred with labor pains from February 20th 2021 to June29th 2021 in the obstetrics and gynecology department and intensive treatment unit of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Within 72 h of preterm delivery, a single dose of 50,000 units of intramuscular 25-hydroxy vitamin D was injected into pregnant women in the intervention group. Also a sample containing 1.5 ml of whole blood was taken from the umbilical cord of the infant and mother to assess the level of vitamin D.
Results
In the present study, there was a significant relationship between the two groups of control and intervention in terms of weight (P=001), first (P=0.027) and fifth minute Apgar score (P=0.001) in infant, incidence of NRDS (P=0.001) and maternal age (P=0.004). The results showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender (p = 0.673), type of delivery (p = 0.299), level of vitamin D of the mothers (P=0.053) and infants (P=0.805).
Conclusions
The single injection of vitamin D into the mother prone to preterm birth over 31 weeks of gestation reduces transient respiratory problems in these infants.
Trial registration:
IRCT20110807007244N7 (19/02/2021)