bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Image: An Empirical Investigation of Private Sector Hospitals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmad Ala'Eddin Mohammad Khalaf , Alsharqi Omar Zayyan , Al-Borie Hussein Mohammad , Ashoor Mowaffag Mohammed , Al-Orige Abdulkaream Saeed
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of CSR on brand image of private hospitals in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. A purposive sampling technique was employed to recruit 187 managers in different positions representing the desired range of demographic characteristics (e.g. gender, age, nationality, and job position). This research showed that CSR dimensions (vision and workplace) had a positive effect on brand image of the private hospitals on one hand. On the other hand, other dimensions (community relations, marketplace and accountability) had a negative effect on brand image. The paper contributes to previous research by adding to existing knowledge regarding CSR and brand image of the hospitals. The paper makes key recommendations towards adoption of CSR among hospitals.
Commutativity of $\Gamma$-Generalized Boolean Semirings with Derivations
Authors: Makkala Tossatham , Leerawat Utsanee
Published: July 2016

In this paper the notion of derivations on $\Gamma$-generalized Boolean semiring are established, namely $\Gamma$-$(f, g)$ derivation and $\Gamma$-$(f, g)$ generalized derivation. We also investigate the commutativity of prime $\Gamma$-generalized Boolean semiring admitting $\Gamma$-$(f, g)$ derivation and $\Gamma$-$(f, g)$ generalized derivation satisfying some conditions.
Datagestuurde stedelijke planning en ‘smart cities’
Authors: Kitchin R.
Published: July 2016

Data-driven urbanism and the creation of smart cities

The article provides a critical overview of data-driven urbanism and smart cities focusing in particular on the relationship between data and the city, and critically examines a number of urban data issues, including: the politics of urban data; data ownership and control, data protection and privacy, dataveillance, and data uses such as social sorting and anticipatory governance; and technical data issues such as data quality and veracity of data models and data analytics. Whilst data-driven urbanism provides a set of solutions for urban problems, it does so within limitations and in the service of particular interests.
Stability Indicating Determination of Human Growth Hormone by Novel SE–LC Method
Authors: Rezk Mamdouh R , Shehata Mostafa A , Mohamed Marwa F , Fathalla Faten Abdel Aziz
Published: July 2016

A selective, rapid size-exclusion chromatographic method was developed and validated for the separation of the human growth hormone (hGH) somatropin from its high-molecular-weight aggregates. Separation was achieved using a nontoxic mobile phase compared with the official method of the European Pharmacopoeia that uses 2-propanol in a mobile phase. The developed method used a YMC-Pack Diol (YMC Karasuma, Kyoto, Japan; 300 × 8.0 mm, 5 μm) analytical column. The mobile phase was formed with a pH 7phosphate buffer that was pumped at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with UV detection at 214 nm. The overall run time was 20 min and the average retention times were found to be 10.21 min for the monomer peak, 9.52 min for the dimer peak, and 9.14 min for the higher aggregate. This method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, and intra- and interday variations according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The developed method was applied as a rapid tool for evaluating the stability of stressed samples of hGH subjected to different temperature, agitation, and repeated freeze–thaw cycles. The developed method was successfully applied for the assessment of the quality and quantity of hGH during downstream processing, formulation, and storage.
Ihde, Technoscience, and the Resilience of Phenomenology
Authors: Vallor Shannon ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2016

My review of Don Ihde’s new book, Husserl’s Missing Technologies begins by identifying a thematic link binding its chapters: specifically, the exploration of alternative histories for the trajectory of classical Husserlian phenomenology. Ihde’s book can be seen as a meditation on questions like the following: “What might phenomenology have been had Husserl paid more attention to the essential role of instrumentation and experiment in science, or to the mediating role of technologies in perception? What road might phenomenology have taken had Husserl traveled it in conversation with John Dewey, rather than the ghost of Descartes?” The book ably demonstrates how such alternative paths might have enriched philosophy, in ways that closely mirror Ihde’s own contributions to postphenomenological thought. In particular, Ihde exposes Husserl’s failure to grasp technoscience as an activity that does not only reduce materiality to mathematical formalisms, but produces new material forms and sensibilities. Yet I resist the book’s implied charge that Husserlian phenomenology is a moribund tradition that has largely exhausted its power. Instead, I argue that the progressive force and intrinsic elasticity of the phenomenological method endures in spite of the inevitable limits of Husserl’s philosophical imagination, allowing his assumptions and results (and ours) to be remade again and again in the light of the ‘things themselves.’ Moreover, the relevance of Husserl’s critique of reductive scientism has enduring relevance today; while modern science may be a practice far richer than Husserl understood, the science of our day is far from rich enough.
Diretrizes de programação na televisão pública no Brasil
Authors: Severino Tiago Nunes
Published: July 2016

Na mídia comercial, as decisões sobre a programação pertencem a um departamento ou ao dirigente do canal. Na TV pública, o que vai ser colocado na tela parte de uma série de observações, como a lei de criação, as normas internas e as medidas que emanam de instâncias de participação social. A partir do caso da TV Brasil, a proposta aqui é investigar quais são as diretrizes que determinam a programação de uma emissora pública de televisão.Directrices para la programación de la televisiónpública en BrasilResumen: En los medios comerciales, las decisiones sobre la programación pertenecen a un departamento o el jefe del canal. En la televisión pública, las decisions estan en la ley de la creación, los reglamentos internos y las medidas que emanan de las instituciones de participación social. En el caso de la TV Brasil, la propuesta aquí es investigar cuáles son las directrices que determinan la programación de la televisión pública .Palabras clave: Programación de televisión; La televisión pública; TV Brasil.Programm ing guidelines on public television in BrazilAbstract: In the commercial media, as decisions about programming belong to the department or the channel manager. Public TV, what will be placed on the screen part of a series of notes, as a law of creation, as internal rules and decisions from instances of social participation. From the case of TV Brazil, the proposal here is to investigate how guidelines that determine the programming of a public television.Keywords: Television programming; Public TV; TV Brazil .
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Fracture Healing in a Mouse Model
Authors: Furuta Taisuke , Miyaki Shigeru , Ishitobi Hiroyuki , Ogura Toshihiko , Kato Yoshio , Kamei Naosuke , Miyado Kenji , Higashi Yukihito , Ochi Mitsuo
Published: July 2016

Paracrine signaling by bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a major role in tissue repair. Although the production of regulatory cytokines by MSC transplantation is a critical modulator of tissue regeneration, we focused on exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles that contain proteins and nucleic acids, as a novel additional modulator of cell-to-cell communication and tissue regeneration. To address this, we used radiologic imaging, histological examination, and immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate the role of exosomes isolated from MSC-conditioned medium (CM) in the healing process in a femur fracture model of CD9−/− mice, a strain that is known to produce reduced levels of exosomes. We found that the bone union rate in CD9−/− mice was significantly lower than wild-type mice because of the retardation of callus formation. The retardation of fracture healing in CD9−/− mice was rescued by the injection of exosomes, but this was not the case after the injection of exosomes-free conditioned medium (CM-Exo). The levels of the bone repair-related cytokines, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), MCP-3, and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in exosomes were low compared with levels in CM and CM-Exo, suggesting that bone repair may be in part mediated by other exosome components, such as microRNAs. These results suggest that exosomes in CM facilitate the acceleration of fracture healing, and we conclude that exosomes are a novel factor of MSC paracrine signaling with an important role in the tissue repair process.

Significance

This work focuses on exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles, as a novel additional modulator of cell-to-cell communication. This study evaluated the role of exosomes isolated from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in the fracture-healing process of CD9−/− mice, a strain that is known to produce reduced levels of exosomes. Retardation of fracture healing in CD9−/− mice was rescued by the injection of MSC exosomes, but this was not the case after the injection of exosome-free CM. This study finds that MSC exosomes are a novel factor of MSC paracrine signaling, with an important role in the tissue repair process.
Consider Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Treatment
Authors: Broley Wendy
Published: July 2016

Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are pressure‐driven membrane processes that can be used to treat a variety of water sources.
Feeding/Swallowing Disorders: Maintaining Quality of Life in Persons with Intellectual Disability
Authors: F. Riquelme Luis , D. Benjamin Rebecca , J. Tahhan Hannah , K. Sandoval Gracelynn , Alomari Naga , Soyfer Alexandra
Published: July 2016

Persons with intellectual disability (ID) have received little attention in systematic studies of healthcare and quality of life. Less attention has been provided to specific disorders, such as those impacting the swallowing mechanism. In comparison to the general population, persons with ID experience noticeably greater healthcare inequalities and despite greater life expectancy, it is still lower than the general population. This paper serves as an introduction to healthcare colleagues regarding the risks involved in choking and swallowing disorders in persons with ID, how to evaluate these potential risks and possible treatments. Associated etiologies are presented. A discussion on feeding disorders versus swallowing disorders is also introduced. The inadequacy of swallowing assessment services to persons with ID may be related to the lack of professionals with specialized training in working with this population, reduced funding for research to explore options for improved nutrition and reduced risk of choking and minimal research on changes in feeding skills and/or swallow physiology in this select group of individuals
Evolutionary biology and beliefs: How ideology can draw different social stances from science
Authors: Ruse Michael
Published: July 2016

Agreeing that there are often strong connections between fields of science and the ideological convictions of those producing the science, this essay shows that the connections are often complex and rarely straightforward. Taking the example of evolutionary biology, by looking at three key figures – Herbert Spencer, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace – it is shown how very different social beliefs can lead to very different social conclusions being drawn from one’s science. It is argued that this message should be kept firmly in mind by those who today would draw social conclusions from science, for instance suggesting that Darwinian evolutionary biology leads straight to the social philosophy of the Third Reich. The truth is always far more complex.
The conversion of the atom: Nuclear science and ideology in Francoist Spain
Authors: Roqué Rodríguez Xavier
Published: July 2016

At the beginning of the atomic age, Francoist Spain launched an expensive project to develop, research and use nuclear energy. Scientists, the military and high-ranking officials in the administration mobilised to materialise a technoscientific dream with an international scope. The modernity of nuclear science contrasts with the reactionary ideology of the regime, but the paradox is only apparent because until now there has not necessarily been any historical relationship between science and democracy. The drive towards nuclear technoscience reveals the mutual construction of science and politics during the Cold War era and the different ways to appropriate and exploit the atom during the dictatorship.
RECONCILIAR-SE AMB DARWIN? LES VISIONS DIVERGENTS DE L’EVOLUCIONISME EN ERICH WASMANN I JAUME PUJIULA, BIÒLEGS I JESUÏTES
Authors: Peretó Juli , Català Jesús I.
Published: July 2016

A diferència del cas Galileu, l’església Catòlica ha gestionat amb discreció el pensament evolucionista i les obres de Charles Darwin. Entre els científics catòlics, hi trobem defensors d’un evolucionisme amanit amb remarcables excepcions relacionades amb l’origen diví de la vida i de l’espècie humana. L’entomòleg i jesuïta Erich Wasmann arribà a la conclusió que la teoria evolutiva podia donar explicació a les seues observacions sobre els mirmecòfils i adoptà un evolucionisme catòlicament matisat que Ernst Haeckel considerava fraudulent però molt perillós. El biòleg i jesuïta català Jaume Pujiula seguí l’obra de Wasmann tot i prenent posicions ideològiques més radicals que la de l’entomòleg austríac, com ara en invocar la necessitat indefugible de la intervenció d’un Déu personal durant la transició de la matèria inert a la vida.
Transactional sex among young women in rural South Africa: prevalence, mediators and association with HIV infection
Authors: Ranganathan Meghna , Heise Lori , Pettifor Audrey , Silverwood Richard J , Selin Amanda , MacPhail Catherine , Delany‐Moretlwe Sinead , Kahn Kathleen , Gómez‐Olivé F Xavier , Hughes James P , Piwowar‐Manning Estelle , Laeyendecker Oliver , Watts Charlotte
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Young adolescent women in sub‐Saharan Africa are three to four times more likely to be HIV‐positive than boys or men. One of the relationship dynamics that is likely to be associated with young women's increased vulnerability to HIV is transactional sex. There are a range of HIV‐related risk behaviours that may drive this vulnerability. However, to date, limited epidemiological data exist on the role of transactional sex in increasing HIV acquisition, especially among young women in sub‐Saharan Africa. Our paper presents data on the prevalence of self‐reported engagement in transactional sex and explores whether transactional sex is associated with increased risk of HIV infection among a cohort of young, rural, sexually active South African women. We also explore whether this relationship is mediated through certain HIV‐related risk behaviours.

Methods

We analyzed baseline data from a phase III trial of conditional cash transfers for HIV prevention of 693 sexually active, school‐going young women aged 13–20 years in rural South Africa. We examined the association between young women's engagement in transactional sex and HIV infection. Transactional sex is defined as a non‐commercial, non‐marital sexual relationship whereby sex is exchanged for money and/or gifts. We explored whether this relationship is mediated by certain HIV‐related risk behaviours. We used logistic and multinomial regression and report unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI.

Results

Overall, 14% (n=97) of sexually active young women reported engaging in transactional sex. Engagement in transactional sex was associated with an increased risk of being HIV‐positive (aOR: 2.5, CI: 95% 1.19–5.25, p=0.01). The effect size of this association remained nearly unchanged when adjusted for certain other dimensions of HIV risk that might help explain the underlying pathways for this relationship.

Conclusions

This study provides quantitative support demonstrating that transactional sex is associated with HIV infection in young women. Even though the specific variables tested do not mediate the relationship, a potential explanation for this association may be that the men with whom young women are having sex belong to networks of sexually connected individuals who are at a “high risk” for HIV infection. The results highlight the importance of structural intervention approaches that can alter the context of young women's HIV risk.
On the electron agyrotropy during rapid asymmetric magnetic island coalescence in presence of a guide field
Authors: Cazzola E. , Innocenti M. E. , Goldman M. V. , Newman D. L. , Markidis S. , Lapenta G.
Published: July 2016

We present an analysis of the properties of the electron velocity distribution during island coalescence in asymmetric reconnection with and without guide field. In a previous study, three main domains were identified, in the case without guide field, as X, D, and M regions featuring different reconnection evolutions. These regions are also identified here in the case with guide field. We study the departure from isotropic and gyrotropic behavior by means of different robust detection algorithms proposed in the literature. While in the case without guide field these metrics show an overall agreement, when the guide field is present, a discrepancy in the agyrotropy within some relevant regions is observed, such as at the separatrices and inside magnetic islands. Moreover, in light of the new observations from the Multiscale MagnetoSpheric mission, an analysis of the electron velocity phase‐space in these domains is presented.
Rain detection and measurement from Megha‐Tropiques microwave sounder—SAPHIR
Authors: Varma Atul Kumar , Piyush D. N. , Gohil B. S. , Pal P. K. , Srinivasan J.
Published: July 2016

The Megha‐Tropiques, an Indo‐French satellite, carries on board a microwave sounder, Sondeur Atmosphérique du Profil d'Humidité Intertropical par Radiométrie (SAPHIR), and a microwave radiometer, Microwave Analysis and Detection of Rain and Atmospheric Structures (MADRAS), along with two other instruments. Being a Global Precipitation Measurement constellation satellite MT‐MADRAS was an important sensor to study the convective clouds and rainfall. Due to the nonfunctioning of MADRAS, the possibility of detection and estimation of rain from SAPHIR is explored. Using near‐concurrent SAPHIR and precipitation radar (PR) onboard Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations, the rain effect on SAPHIR channels is examined. All the six channels of the SAPHIR are used to calculate the average rain probability (PR) for each SAPHIR pixel. Further, an exponential rain retrieval algorithm is developed. This algorithm explains a correlation of 0.72, RMS error of 0.75 mm/h, and bias of 0.04 mm/h. When rain identification and retrieval algorithms are applied together, it explains a correlation of 0.69 with an RMS error of 0.47 mm/h and bias of 0.01 mm/h. On applying the algorithm to the independent SAPHIR data set and compared with TRMM‐3B42 rain on monthly scale, it explains a correlation of 0.85 and RMS error of 0.09 mm/h. Further distribution of rain difference of SAPHIR with other rain products is presented on global scale as well as for the climatic zones. For examining the capability of SAPHIR to measure intense rain, instantaneous rain over Phailin cyclone from SAPHIR is compared with other standard satellite‐based rain products such as 3B42, Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation, and Precipitation Estimation from Remote Sensing Information using Artificial Neural Network.
Structural‐Engineering Rationales of Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Chen Wenwen , Zhang Shaohua , Yu Yangyang , Zhang Huisheng , He Qianjun
Published: July 2016

Personalized theranostics of cancer is increasingly desired, and can be realized by virtue of multifunctional nanomaterials with possible high performances. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are a type of especially promising candidate for cancer theranostics, because their synthesis and modification are facile, their structures and physicochemical properties are flexibly controlled, and they are also biocompatible. Especially, the localized surface plasmon resonance and multivalent coordination effects on the surface endow them with NIR light‐triggered photothermal imaging and therapy, controlled drug release, and targeted drug delivery. Although the structure, properties, and theranostic application of GNPs are considerably plentiful, no expert review systematically explains the relationships among their structure, property. and application and induces the engineering rationales of GNPs for cancer theranostics. Hence, there are no clear rules to guide the facile construction of optimal GNP structures aiming at a specific theranostic application. A series of structural‐engineering rationales of GNPs for cancer theranostics is proposed through digging out the deep relationships between the structure and properties of GNPs. These rationales will be inspiring for guiding the engineering of specific and advanced GNPs for personalized cancer theranostics.
Textile‐Based Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Huang Qiyao , Wang Dongrui , Zheng Zijian
Published: July 2016

In the past few years, insensitive attentions have been drawn to wearable and flexible energy storage devices/systems along with the emergence of wearable electronics. Much progress has been achieved in developing flexible electrochemical energy storage devices with high end‐use performance. However, challenges still remain in well balancing the electrochemical properties, mechanical properties, and the processing technologies. In this review, a specific perspective on the development of textile‐based electrochemical energy storage devices (TEESDs), in which textile components and technologies are utilized to enhance the energy storage ability and mechanical properties of wearable electronic devices, is provided. The discussion focuses on the material preparation and characteristics, electrode and device fabrication strategies, electrochemical performance and metrics, wearable compatibility, and fabrication scalability of TEESDs including textile‐based supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries.
Contractile properties are disrupted in Becker muscular dystrophy, but not in limb girdle type 2I
Authors: Løkken Nicoline , Hedermann Gitte , Thomsen Carsten , Vissing John
Published: July 2016

We investigated whether a linear relationship between muscle strength and cross‐sectional area (CSA) is preserved in calf muscles of patients with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD, n = 14) and limb‐girdle type 2I muscular dystrophy (LGMD2I, n = 11), before and after correcting for muscle fat infiltration. The Dixon magnetic resonance imaging technique was used to quantify fat and calculate a fat‐free contractile CSA. Strength was assessed by dynamometry. Muscle strength/CSA relationships were significantly lower in patients versus controls. The strength/contractile‐CSA relationship was still severely lowered in BMD, but was almost normalized in LGMD2I. Our findings suggest close to intact contractile properties in LGMD2I, which are severely disrupted in BMD. Ann Neurol 2016;80:466–471
Neuroanatomic Correlates of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Winder Klemens , Linker Ralf A. , Seifert Frank , Deutsch Martina , Engelhorn Tobias , Dörfler Arnd , Lee De‐Hyung , Hösl Katharina M. , Hilz Max J.
Published: July 2016

Objective

This study intended to determine associations between alterations of female sexual arousal as well as vaginal lubrication and the site of cerebral multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions.

Methods

In 44 women with MS (mean age: 36.5 ± 9.9 years), we assessed their medical history and evaluated sexual function using the Female Sexual Function Index scores for arousal and vaginal lubrication. We determined potential confounding factors of sexual dysfunction: age; disease duration; physical disability; depression; bladder or urinary dysfunction; and total volume of cerebral lesions. Arousal and lubrication scores were correlated with one another and with potential confounding factors. Cerebral MS lesions were recorded on imaging scans. A voxel‐based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analysis adjusted for confounding variables was performed correlating cerebral sites of MS lesions with arousal and lubrication scores.

Results

Decreased arousal scores correlated with decreased lubrication scores; decreased lubrication scores were associated with bladder or urinary symptoms. Arousal and lubrication scores were not associated with any other variables. Multivariate VLSM analysis, including arousal and lubrication scores as covariables of interest, showed right occipital lesions associated with impaired arousal and left insular lesions associated with decreased lubrication. Impaired lubrication remained associated with left insular lesions after adjustment for bladder or urinary dysfunction.

Interpretation

Our data indicate that impaired female sexual arousal is associated with MS lesions in the occipital region, integrating visual information and modulating attention toward visual input. Impaired lubrication correlated with lesions in the left insular region, contributing to mapping and generating visceral arousal states. Ann Neurol 2016;80:490–498
Zika virus: An emergent neuropathological agent
Authors: White Martyn K. , Wollebo Hassen S. , David Beckham J. , Tyler Kenneth L. , Khalili Kamel
Published: July 2016

The emergence of Zika virus in the Americas has followed a pattern that is familiar from earlier epidemics of other viruses, where a new disease is introduced into a human population and then spreads rapidly with important public health consequences. In the case of Zika virus, an accumulating body of recent evidence implicates the virus in the etiology of serious pathologies of the human nervous system, that is, the occurrence of microcephaly in neonates and Guillain–Barré syndrome in adults. Zika virus is an arbovirus (arthropod‐borne virus) and a member of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. Zika virions are enveloped and icosahedral, and contain a nonsegmented, single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA genome, which encodes 3 structural and 7 nonstructural proteins that are expressed as a single polyprotein that undergoes cleavage. Zika genomic RNA replicates in the cytoplasm of infected host cells. Zika virus was first detected in 1947 in the blood of a febrile monkey in Uganda's Zika Forest and in crushed suspensions of the Aedes mosquito, which is one of the vectors for Zika virus. The virus remained obscure, with a few human cases confined to Africa and Asia. There are two lineages of the Zika virus, African and Asian, with the Asian strain causing outbreaks in Micronesia in 2007 and French Polynesia in 2013–2014. From here, the virus spread to Brazil with the first report of autochthonous Zika transmission in the Americas in March 2015. The rapid advance of the virus in the Americas and its likely association with microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome make Zika an urgent public health concern. Ann Neurol 2016;80:479–489
Two‐Dimensional Boron Hydride Sheets: High Stability, Massless Dirac Fermions, and Excellent Mechanical Properties
Authors: Jiao Yalong , Ma Fengxian , Bell John , Bilic Ante , Du Aijun
Published: July 2016

Two‐dimensional (2D) boron sheets have been successfully synthesized in recent experiments, however, some important issues remain, including the dynamical instability, high energy, and the active surface of the sheets. In an attempt to stabilize 2D boron layers, we have used density functional theory and global minimum search with the particle‐swarm optimization method to predict four stable 2D boron hydride layers, namely the C2/m, Pbcm, Cmmm, and Pmmn sheets. The vibrational normal mode calculations reveal all these structures are dynamically stable, indicating potential for successful experimental synthesis. The calculated Young's modulus indicates a high mechanical strength for the C2/m and Pbcm phases. Most importantly, the C2/m, Pbcm, and Pmmn structures exhibit Dirac cones with massless Dirac fermions and the Fermi velocities for the Pbcm and Cmmm structures are even higher than that of graphene. The Cmmm phase is reported as the first discovery of Dirac ring material among boron‐based 2D structures. The unique electronic structure of the 2D boron hydride sheets makes them ideal for nanoelectronics applications.
Controlling the Localization of Liquid Droplets in Polymer Matrices by Evaporative Lithography
Authors: Zhao Huaixia , Xu Jiajia , Jing Guangyin , Prieto‐López Lizbeth Ofelia , Deng Xu , Cui Jiaxi
Published: July 2016

Localized inclusions of liquids provide solid materials with many functions, such as self‐healing, secretion, and tunable mechanical properties, in a spatially controlled mode. However, a strategy to control the distribution of liquid droplets in solid matrices directly obtained from a homogeneous solution has not been reported thus far. Herein, we describe an approach to selectively localize liquid droplets in a supramolecular gel directly obtained from its solution by using evaporative lithography. In this process, the formation of droplet‐embedded domains occurs in regions of free evaporation where the non‐volatile liquid is concentrated and undergoes a phase separation to create liquid droplets prior to gelation, while a homogeneous gel matrix is formed in the regions of hindered evaporation. The different regions of a coating with droplet embedment patterns display different secretion abilities, enabling the control of the directional movement of water droplets.
High‐Resolution NMR Determination of the Dynamic Structure of Membrane Proteins
Authors: Jaremko Mariusz , Jaremko Łukasz , Villinger Saskia , Schmidt Christian D. , Griesinger Christian , Becker Stefan , Zweckstetter Markus
Published: July 2016

15N spin‐relaxation rates are demonstrated to provide critical information about the long‐range structure and internal motions of membrane proteins. Combined with an improved calculation method, the relaxation‐rate‐derived structure of the 283‐residue human voltage‐dependent anion channel revealed an anisotropically shaped barrel with a rigidly attached N‐terminal helix. Our study thus establishes an NMR spectroscopic approach to determine the structure and dynamics of mammalian membrane proteins at high accuracy and resolution.
A Low‐Symmetry Dysprosium Metallocene Single‐Molecule Magnet with a High Anisotropy Barrier
Authors: Pugh Thomas , Chilton Nicholas F. , Layfield Richard A.
Published: July 2016

The single‐molecule magnet (SMM) properties of the isocarbonyl‐ligated dysprosium metallocene [Cp*2Dy{μ‐(OC)2FeCp}]2 (1Dy), which contains a rhombus‐shaped Dy2Fe2 core, are described. Combining a strong axial [Cp*]− ligand field with a weak equatorial field consisting of the isocarbonyl ligands leads to an anisotropy barrier of 662 cm−1 in zero applied field. The dominant thermal relaxation pathways in 1Dy involves at least the fourth‐excited Kramers doublet, thus demonstrating that prominent SMM behavior can be observed for dysprosium in low‐symmetry environments.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Oxidative C−H/C−H Cross‐Coupling between Two Heteroarenes
Authors: Tan Guangying , He Shuang , Huang Xiaolei , Liao Xingrong , Cheng Yangyang , You Jingsong
Published: July 2016

The first example of cobalt‐catalyzed oxidative C−H/C−H cross‐coupling between two heteroarenes is reported, which exhibits a broad substrate scope and a high tolerance level for sensitive functional groups. When the amount of Co(OAc)2⋅4 H2O is reduced from 6.0 to 0.5 mol %, an excellent yield is still obtained at an elevated temperature with a prolonged reaction time. The method can be extended to the reaction between an arene and a heteroarene. It is worth noting that the Ag2CO3 oxidant is renewable. Preliminary mechanistic studies by radical trapping experiments, hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments, kinetic isotope effect, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) suggest that a single electron transfer (SET) pathway is operative, which is distinctly different from the dual C−H bond activation pathway that the well‐described oxidative C−H/C−H cross‐coupling reactions between two heteroarenes typically undergo.
Total Syntheses of Juglorescein and Juglocombins A and B
Authors: Kamo Shogo , Yoshioka Kai , Kuramochi Kouji , Tsubaki Kazunori
Published: July 2016

Total syntheses of juglorescein and juglocombins A and B are reported. The highly oxygenated 6/6/5/6/6‐fused pentacyclic ring system of these natural products was constructed through a bioinspired dimerization of 1,4‐naphthoquinone. Notably, five new stereogenic centers were constructed in a single step by the dimerization reaction. The epoxide intermediate obtained from the dimerization was successfully converted into juglocombins A and B through photoinduced reduction of the epoxide, dehydration, and conversion of the resultant quinone into a hydroquinone derivative. The same epoxide intermediate was also converted into a dicarboxylic acid, which was transformed into juglorescein through intramolecular lactonization, hydrolysis of the resulting lactone, and removal of the protecting groups. Furthermore, the relative and absolute configurations of juglorescein and juglocombins A and B were determined.
Clicking the Arsenic–Carbon Triple Bond: An Entry into a New Class of Arsenic Heterocycles
Authors: Pfeifer Gregor , Papke Martin , Frost Daniel , Sklorz Julian A. W. , Habicht Marija , Müller Christian
Published: July 2016

Arsaalkynes can undergo regioselective and quantitative [3+2] cycloaddition reactions with organic azides to give hitherto unknown 3H‐1,2,3,4‐triazaarsole derivatives. The reaction product was obtained as a white, air‐ and moisture‐stable solid, and the presence of a planar, five‐membered arsenic heterocycle was unambiguously verified by means of X‐ray crystallography. DFT calculations gave insight into the electronic structure of these novel compounds compared to tetrazoles and triazaphospholes. The coordination chemistry towards ReI was investigated and compared with the structurally related phosphorus‐containing ligand. These preliminary investigations pave the way for a new class of arsenic heterocycles and fill the gap between the azaarsoles already known.
Effect of Radio Frequency Power on the Physicochemical Properties of MoS2 Films Obtained by rf Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Park Juyun , Kang Yong‐Cheol
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the results of the fabrication and characterization of MoS2 thin films obtained at different radio frequency (rf) power using a surface profiler, a 4‐point probe, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and distilled water and ethylene glycol contact angle measurements. The thickness of MoS2 thin films increased from 100 to 240 nm as the rf power increased from 100 to 200 W. The surface resistance increased with increasing rf power. The high‐resolution XPS spectra indicated that Mo species with lower oxidation states formed in the MoS2 thin films at higher rf power. The ratio of Mo/S was independent of the rf power. The total surface‐free energy (SFE) varied by changing the rf power. The contribution of polar SFE was greater than dispersive SFE to the total SFE for all MoS2 films. The changing propensity of polar SFE was similar to the total SFE.
Crystal Structure, 7Li NMR, and Structural Relationship of Two Rare‐Earth Metal Richer Polar Intermetallics: La15Ge9Li1.50(16) and La7Ge3
Authors: Nam Gnu , Jo Hongil , Ok Kang Min , Kim Jongsik , You Tae‐Soo
Published: July 2016

Two novel polar intermetallic compounds have been synthesized by a high‐temperature reaction method, and their crystal structures have been characterized by both single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffractions. La15Ge9Li1

.50(16) crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63
mc (Z = 2, Pearson code hP52) with nine crystallographically independent sites in the unit cell, and the lattice parameters are a = 15.516(2) and c = 6.895(2) Å. The overall crystal structure can be described as a √3 × √3 × 1 superstructure of the parent compound La5Ge3 adopting the Mn5Si3‐type, and such a superstructure transformation should be attributed to the particular ordering patterns of interstitial Li atoms at the Wyckoff 2a and 2b sites with different occupation factors. La7Ge3 also crystallizes in the hexagonal P63
mc space group (Z = 2, Pearson code hP20) with three La and one Ge non‐equivalent sites in the unit cell. The lattice parameters are a = 10.666(1) and c = 6.357(1) Å. The crystal structure of La7Ge3 shares some similarities with La15Ge9Li1.50(16) and its parent compound La5Ge3, such as the one‐dimensional (1D) zigzag confacial La6 octahedra chains and the 1D zigzag La atomic chains. Theoretical investigations using tight‐binding linear muffin‐tin orbital (LMTO) method provide a comprehensive understanding about electronic structures and chemical bonding of two title compounds based upon density of states (DOS) and crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) analyses. The solid‐state 7Li NMR spectrum measurement proves the existence of two independent interstitial Li positions at two distinctive octahedral sites in La15Ge9Li1.50(16).
Recent developments in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses of ghrelin and related peptides
Authors: Eslami Zahra , Ghassempour Alireza , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y.
Published: July 2016

Profiling and monitoring concentrations of key hormones in body have long been critical aims in clinical therapy. As a crucial hormone, identification and quantification of ghrelin is a fundamental, often key, step in understanding human physiological mechanisms. Through the advances and improvements of different analytical techniques, ghrelin measurement is generally feasible, and the number of successful reports is progressively being increased with new aspects of selectivity, sensitivity and ease of use in various circumstances. Herein we discuss current chromatographic methods for sample collection, separation and a mass spectrometry method for detection and measurement of ghrelin and other proghrelin‐derived peptides in biological metrics. We describe the most commonly applied analytical LC–MS procedures for determination of proghrelin‐derived peptides and provide illustrative instances representing the state of the art. This review is intended for bioanalytical chemists or clinical researchers who are interested in this field of research.
Treatment of complex regional pain syndrome with stellate ganglion local anesthetic blockade: a case report of one patient's experiences with traditional bupivacaine HCl and liposome bupivacaine
Authors: Ferrillo Martin G.
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical Message

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a poorly understood, debilitating disorder characterized by severe chronic pain in an affected limb or region of the body. This case presentation is the first to describe the effectiveness and prolonged duration of the effect of liposome bupivacaine in stellate ganglion block for CRPS.
Highly Sensitive Detection of Silver Ions Enabled by RecJf Exonuclease Cleavage and Reductant‐Mediated Electrochemical Amplification
Authors: Ning Limin , Yang Dawei , Wang Jue , Miao Peng
Published: July 2016

A novel electrochemical approach for a silver ion (Ag+) assay is proposed based on Ag+‐induced DNA structure transformation for target recognition, RecJf exonuclease mediated cleavage for background signal decline, and a specific reductant‐assisted reaction for electrochemical amplification. Generally, in the presence of Ag+, cytosine–Ag+–cytosine with high stability forms and the single‐stranded DNA probe on the electrode transforms into a hairpin structure, which resists degradation by RecJf exonuclease. A DNA probe is labeled with methylene blue (MB), which supplies an intense electrochemical signal. Moreover, the employment of a reductant can assist the oxidation of MB, which amplifies the signal in situ. High sensitivity is thus achieved and the calculated detection limit for Ag+ detection is 3 pm. This method also demonstrates excellent selectivity in the presence of interfering ions. Moreover, it can be successfully applied to the voltammetric determination of Ag+ in drinking and lake water.
Importance of the Correlation between Width and Length in the Shape Analysis of Nanorods: Use of a 2D Size Plot To Probe Such a Correlation
Authors: Zhao Zhihua , Zheng Zhiqin , Roux Clément , Delmas Céline , Marty Jean‐Daniel , Kahn Myrtil L. , Mingotaud Christophe
Published: July 2016

Analysis of nanoparticle size through a simple 2D plot is proposed in order to extract the correlation between length and width in a collection or a mixture of anisotropic particles. Compared to the usual statistics on the length associated with a second and independent statistical analysis of the width, this simple plot easily points out the various types of nanoparticles and their (an)isotropy. For each class of nano‐objects, the relationship between width and length (i.e., the strong or weak correlations between these two parameters) may suggest information concerning the nucleation/growth processes. It allows one to follow the effect on the shape and size distribution of physical or chemical processes such as simple ripening. Various electron microscopy pictures from the literature or from the authors′ own syntheses are used as examples to demonstrate the efficiency and simplicity of the proposed 2D plot combined with a multivariate analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: V18P9C2: A Complex Phosphide Carbide.
Authors: Boller Herbert , Effenberger Herta
Published: July 2016

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of the elements (evacuated silica tubes, 1000 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Trigermanides AEGe3 (AE: Ca, Sr, Ba): Chemical Bonding and Superconductivity.
Authors: Castillo Rodrigo , Schnelle Walter , Baranov Alexey I. , Burkhardt Ulrich , Bobnar Matej , Cardoso‐Gil Raul , Schwarz Ulrich , Grin Yuri
Published: July 2016

SrGe3 (tl32 modification) is obtained by preparing a precursor mixture of SrGe2 and Ge by arc melting of the elements followed by hot press sintering (Walker‐type multianvil press, 8—15 GPa).
ChemInform Abstract: The New Barium Compound Ba4Al7+x: Formation and Crystal Structure.
Authors: Prots Yurii , Lange Felix , Drathen Christina , Schmidt Marcus , Grin Yuri
Published: July 2016

A combination of powder XRD with in‐situ high‐temperature synchrotron XRD and DSC is used to show that Ba21Al40, Ba3Al5, Ba7Al10, and Ba4Al5 decompose peritectically at 914, 826, 756, and 732°C, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Hydrate Water Content of Synthetic Hellyerite, NiCO3·5.5H2O.
Authors: Bette Sebastian , Rincke Christine , Dinnebier Robert E. , Voigt Wolfgang
Published: July 2016

The synthetic mineral of title is prepared as a polycrystalline pure phase in aqueous solution at 0 °C according to a literature method.
ChemInform Abstract: RE2B8O15 (RE: La, Pr, Nd) — Syntheses of Three New Rare Earth Borates Isotypic to Ce2B8O15.
Authors: Glaetzle Matthias , Hoerder Gregor J. , Huppertz Hubert
Published: July 2016

The title compounds are prepared by hot press sintering of the corresponding rare earth oxides and a slight excess of B2O3 (Walker‐type multianvil press, 5.5 GPa, 1100 °C, 20 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure Determination of the First Lead Arsenide Phosphide Pb2AsxP14‐x (x ≈ 3.7).
Authors: Schaefer Konrad , Koehler Korbinian , Baumer Franziska , Poettgen Rainer , Nilges Tom
Published: July 2016

The title compound is prepared by reaction of the elements in the ratio Pb:(P,As) = 1:1 and P:As ratios between 3:7 and 1:1 (evacuated quartz tubes, multistep heating at 423, 573, and 673 K, 48 h each) followed by the removal of the Pb flux.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, Band Gap, and Near‐Infrared Photosensitivity of a New Chalcogenide Crystal, (NH4)4Ag12Sn7Se22.
Authors: Du Ke‐Zhao , Qi Xing‐Hui , Feng Mei‐Ling , Li Jian‐Rong , Wang Xing‐Zhi , Du Cheng‐Feng , Zou Guo‐Dong , Wang Meng , Huang Xiao‐Ying
Published: July 2016

Black sheet‐like crystals of the title compound are prepared from mixtures of Sn, Se, AgCl, NH2NH2·H2O, 4‐(4‐(dimethylamino)styryl)‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide, and sodium p‐toluenesulfonate (autoclave, 160 °C, 5—7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: YPd2Al and YPd2Zn with LiCu2Sn Type Structure.
Authors: Gerke Birgit , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: July 2016

YPd2Al (I) and YPd2Zn (II) are prepared by repeated arc melting of the elements in the case of (I) and by induction melting for (II) (sealed Nb ampoule under Ar, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Robust and Porous β‐Diketiminate‐Functionalized Metal—Organic Frameworks for Earth‐Abundant‐Metal‐Catalyzed C—H Amination and Hydrogenation.
Authors: Thacker Nathan C. , Lin Zekai , Zhang Teng , Gilhula James C. , Abney Carter W. , Lin Wenbin
Published: July 2016

The catalysts are recycled and reused in up to ten catalytic cycles without loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of and Mechanistic Understanding for the Formation of 2‐Piperidinones from Imines and Cyano‐Substituted Anhydrides.
Authors: Di Maso Michael J. , Snyder Kevin M. , De Souza Fernandes Fabio , Pattawong Ommidala , Tan Darlene Q. , Fettinger James C. , Cheong Paul Ha‐Yeon , Shaw Jared T.
Published: July 2016

The pertinent transition structures are computed by using quantum mechanics and reveal the key interactions which control the stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Dearomatization Addition Reactions of Halomethyl Heteroarenes.
Authors: Tian Qingshan , Bai Jing , Chen Bin , Zhang Guozhu
Published: July 2016

This protocol provides an efficient access to highly functionalized, optically active benzofurans, benzothiophenes and indanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Tandem Reaction over a Site‐Isolated Bifunctional Catalyst.
Authors: Xu Jianyou , Cheng Tanyu , Zhang Kun , Wang Ziyun , Liu Guohua
Published: July 2016

A yolk‐shell‐structured mesoporous silica catalyst containing an organo‐palladium functionality into silicate channels as an outer shell and a chiral organo‐ruthenium functionality onto silicate yolk as an inner core is prepared and successfully applied for the one‐pot tandem reaction comprising an enantioselective Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling and a Ru‐catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: Actinide‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Addition of Alcohols to Carbodiimides
Authors: Batrice Rami J. , Kefalidis Christos E. , Maron Laurent , Eisen Moris S.
Published: July 2016

affording a range of isourea products
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Hybrid Heterocyclic Systems with a Furoxanylpyridine Core via Tandem hetero‐Diels—Alder/retro‐Diels—Alder Reactions of (1,2,4‐Triazin‐3‐yl)furoxans.
Authors: Fershtat Leonid L. , Larin Alexander A. , Epishina Margarita A. , Ovchinnikov Igor V. , Kulikov Alexander S. , Ananyev Ivan V. , Makhova Nina N.
Published: July 2016

The title methods involve the [4+2] cycloaddition of enamine or norbornadiene to the triazine ring of triazinfuroxans followed by one‐pot transformation of the formed intermediates affording a series of polyheterocyclic compounds combining furoxan and pyridine rings in one molecule through a C—C bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkoxyallene‐Ynes: Selective Preparation of Bicyclo[5.3.0] Ring Systems Including a δ‐Alkoxy Cyclopentadienone.
Authors: Sorin Geoffroy , et al.
Published: July 2016

The Rh‐catalyzed Pauson—Khand cyclocarbonylation reaction of a variety of alkoxyallene‐ynes with a proximal alkoxy group gives bicylo[5.3.0] ring systems bearing an enol ether.