bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemoautotrophic production of gaseous hydrocarbons, bioplastics and osmolytes by a novel Halomonas species
Authors: Faulkner Matthew , Hoeven Robin , Kelly Paul P. , Sun Yaqi , Park Helen , Liu Lu-Ning , Toogood Helen S. , Scrutton Nigel S.
Published: October 2023

Background

Production of relatively low value, bulk commodity chemicals and fuels by microbial species requires a step-change in approach to decrease the capital and operational costs associated with scaled fermentation. The utilisation of the robust and halophilic industrial host organisms of the genus Halomonas could dramatically decrease biomanufacturing costs owing to their ability to grow in seawater, using waste biogenic feedstocks, under non-sterile conditions.

Results

We describe the isolation of Halomonas rowanensis, a novel facultative chemoautotrophic species of Halomonas from a natural brine spring. We investigated the ability of this species to produce ectoine, a compound of considerable industrial interest, under heterotrophic conditions. Fixation of radiolabelled NaH14CO3 by H. rowanensis was confirmed in mineral medium supplied with thiosulfate as an energy source. Genome sequencing suggested carbon fixation proceeds via a reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, and not the Calvin–Bensen–Bassham cycle. The mechanism of energy generation to support chemoautotrophy is unknown owing to the absence of an annotated SOX-based thiosulfate-mediated energy conversion system. We investigated further the biotechnological potential of the isolated H. rowanensis by demonstrating production of the gaseous hydrocarbon (bio-propane), bioplastics (poly-3-hydroxybutyrate) and osmolytes (ectoine) under heterotrophic and autotrophic CO2 fixation growth conditions.

Conclusions

This proof-of-concept study illustrates the value of recruiting environmental isolates as industrial hosts for chemicals biomanufacturing, where CO2 utilisation could replace, or augment, the use of biogenic feedstocks in non-sterile, industrialised bioreactors.
Upadacitinib effectiveness and factors associated with minimal disease activity achievement in patients with psoriatic arthritis: preliminary data of a real-life multicenter study
Authors: Luchetti Gentiloni Michele Maria , Paci Valentino , Carletto Antonio , Zabotti Alen , Ramonda Roberta , Chimenti Maria Sole , Dagna Lorenzo , Luciano Nicoletta , Piccinelli Anna , Giovannini Ivan , Striani Giovanni , Boffini Nicola , Sandri Gilda , Possemato Niccolò , Pantano Ilenia , Benfaremo Devis , Salvarani Carlo , Ciccia Francesco , Selmi Carlo , Moroncini Gianluca
Published: October 2023

Background

Upadacitinib (UPA) is a selective JAK inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). In this post-approval study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of UPA over 24 weeks and identify clinical predictors of response, in a multicentric cohort of patients affected by PsA.

Methods

One hundred and twenty-six patients with PsA treated with UPA were enrolled in 10 Italian centres. UPA effectiveness outcomes, such as the proportion of patients with MDA status, DAPSA remission, and low disease activity, ASDAS-CRP inactive and low disease activity, and change from baseline in DAPSA and ASDAS-CRP scores, were evaluated every 12 weeks until week 24. The proportion of DAPSA minor, moderate, and major improvement, and ASDAS clinically important improvement (CII) and major improvement (MI) were considered as well. All treatment-related adverse events were collected during the observation period. Clinical predictors of MDA response at week 24 were evaluated through multivariate analysis.

Results

At baseline, 124/126 (98%) and 54/126 (43%) patients showed peripheral and axial involvement, respectively; 110 (87%) patients were intolerant or resistant to biologic DMARDs. 

At 24 weeks, MDA status, DAPSA remission, and ASDAS-CRP inactive disease were achieved in 47%, 23%, and 48% of patients, respectively. Minor, moderate, and major DAPSA improvement was observed in 67%, 39%, and 23%, respectively; while 65% and 35% achieved ASDAS-CRP CII and MI, respectively. The mean change from baseline was 15.9 ± 13.5 (p < 0.001) for DAPSA and 1.21 ± 0.97 (p < 0.001) for ASDAS-CRP. Thirteen patients (10%) discontinued UPA due to a lack of efficacy or non-serious adverse events. No serious adverse events were observed. Male gender (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.03–6.25 p = 0.043), being naïve to biological DMARDs (OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.34–12.71, p = 0.013) and elevated baseline CRP (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.02–6.12, p = 0.046) were associated with MDA response at week 24.

Conclusions

This is one of the first real-life studies supporting the effectiveness of UPA and its safety profile in PsA patients. Furthermore, the study identifies predictors of MDA response to UPA treatment at 6 months.
Speech emotion recognition based on Graph-LSTM neural network
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Yapeng , Yang Xu , Im Sio-Kei
Published: October 2023

Currently, Graph Neural Networks have been extended to the field of speech signal processing. It is the more compact and flexible way to represent speech sequences by graphs. However, the structures of the relationships in recent studies are tend to be relatively uncomplicated. Moreover, the graph convolution module exhibits limitations that impede its adaptability to intricate application scenarios. In this study, we establish the speech-graph using feature similarity and introduce a novel architecture for graph neural network that leverages an LSTM aggregator and weighted pooling. The unweighted accuracy of 65.39% and the weighted accuracy of 71.83% are obtained on the IEMOCAP dataset, achieving the performance comparable to or better than existing graph baselines. This method can improve the interpretability of the model to some extent, and identify speech emotion features effectively.
Relationship between perceived social support and mental health among Chinese college football athletes: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Liu Zongyu , Zhao Xiuhan , Zhao Liangyu , Zhang Liguo
Published: October 2023

Previous researches have confirmed that perceived social support has a profound effect on individuals’ mental health. However, the effects and potential mechanisms of perceived social support on mental health of college athletes are still largely unknown, especially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between perceived social support and mental health in college football athletes, and to evaluate whether hopelessness and psychological pressure affected this relationship. A sample of 672 Chinese college football athletes (37.9% girls; Mage = 20.43 years; SDage = 1.68) were investigated with the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Surveys were voluntary and anonymous. The findings revealed that, after adjusting for demographic factors, hopelessness mediated the relationship between Chinese college football athletes’ perceived social support and their mental health. Furthermore, psychological pressure moderated the negative association between perceived social support and hopelessness, and the association was stronger for them with high-level psychological pressure. These results underline the need for focused strategies in the prevention and treatment of mental health issues among Chinese college football athletes.
"Better Living with Non-memory-led Dementia": protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial of a web-based caregiver educational programme
Authors: Suárez-González Aida , John Amber , Brotherhood Emilie , Camic Paul M. , McKee-Jackson Roberta , Melville Mel , Sullivan Mary Pat , Tudor-Edwards Rhiannon , Windle Gill , Crutch Sebastian , Hoare Zoe , Stott Joshua ,   the Rare Dementia Support Impact team
Published: October 2023

Background

Non-memory-led dementias such as posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are low prevalent and often affect individuals under the age of 65. Tailored educational and support resources for caregivers of people living with these dementia phenotypes are scarce and unevenly distributed geographically. Web-based educational programmes are emerging as promising alternatives to improve caregiver self-efficacy and well-being. Here, we present the protocol of a study aiming to assess the feasibility of a co-produced online educational programme for caregivers of people living PCA, PPA and bvFTD: the Better Living with Non-memory-led Dementia programme.

Methods

A randomised controlled feasibility trial will be conducted on a sample of 30 caregivers of people living with PCA, PPA and bvFTD. Participants will be recruited among members of the support organisation Rare Dementia Support (based at UCL in the UK). The intervention group will be given access to an 8-week co-produced web-based educational programme consisting of 6 modules addressing education about PCA, PPA and bvFTD and support strategies for the person with dementia and for the caregiver. The control group will receive treatment as usual (TAU). Feasibility will be measured through feasibility of recruitment, clinical measurement tools and acceptability. Clinical measures will be used to assess preliminary efficacy and data on completion rates, missing data and variability used to decide on measures to be included in a full-scale trial.

Allocation ratio will be 2:1 (intervention:control) stratified by diagnosis. Feasibility of recruitment and acceptability will be assessed. Clinical measures will be administered at baseline and 8-week and 3-month post-randomisation. The control group will be offered access to the intervention at the completion of data collection. Participants will be unblinded, and all measures will be self-reported online.

Discussion

Online-delivered educational programmes show potential for improving care competency of caregivers and may contribute to overcoming geographical inequalities in local provision of support services. This pilot study will inform a fully powered international trial to determine the effectiveness of Better Living with Non-memory-led Dementia.

Trial registration

This trial has been registered prospectively on the Clinical Trials Registry on 1st September 2022, registration number NCT05525377.
Au@109Pd core–shell nanoparticle conjugated to trastuzumab for the therapy of HER2+ cancers: studies on the applicability of 109Pd/109mAg in vivo generator in combined β− auger electron therapy
Authors: Gharibkandi Nasrin Abbasi , Wawrowicz Kamil , Majkowska-Pilip Agnieszka , Żelechowska-Matysiak Kinga , Wierzbicki Mateusz , Bilewicz Aleksander
Published: October 2023

Background

In radionuclide therapy, to enhance therapeutic efficacy, an intriguing alternative is to ensure the simultaneous implementation of low- and high-LET radiation emitted from a one radionuclide. In the present study, we introduce the concept of utilizing 109Pd (T1/2 = 13.7 h) in the form of a 109Pd/109mAg in vivo generator. In this system, 109Pd emits beta particles of medium energy, while 109mAg releases a cascade of conversion and Auger electrons. 109Pd was utilized in the form of 15 nm gold nanoparticles, which were coated with a monolayer of 109Pd. In this system, the 109Pd atoms are on the surface of the nanoparticle, while the 109mAg atoms generated in the decay reaction possess the capability for unhindered emission of Auger electrons.

Results

109Pd, obtained through neutron irradiation of natural palladium, was deposited onto 15-nm gold nanoparticles, exceeding a efficiency rate of 95%. In contrast to previously published data on in vivo generators based on chelators, where the daughter radionuclide diffuses away from the molecules, daughter radionuclide 109mAg remains on the surface of gold nanoparticles after the decay of 109Pd. To obtain a radiobioconjugate with an affinity for HER2 receptors, polyethylene glycol chains and the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab were attached to the Au@Pd nanoparticles. The synthesized bioconjugate contained an average of 9.5 trastuzumab molecules per one nanoparticle. In vitro cell studies indicated specific binding of the Au@109Pd-PEG-trastuzumab radiobioconjugate to the HER2 receptor on SKOV-3 cells, resulting in 90% internalization. Confocal images illustrated the accumulation of Au@109Pd-PEG-trastuzumab in the perinuclear area surrounding the cell nucleus. Despite the lack of nuclear localization, which is necessary to achieve an effective cytotoxic effect of Auger electrons, a substantial cytotoxic effect, significantly greater than that of pure β− and pure Auger electron emitters was observed. We hypothesize that in the studied system, the cytotoxic effect of the Auger electrons could have also occurred through the damage to the cell’s nuclear membrane by Auger electrons emitted from nanoparticles accumulated in the perinuclear area.

Conclusion

The obtained results show that trastuzumab-functionalized 109Pd-labeled nanoparticles can be suitable for the application in combined β−—Auger electron targeted radionuclide therapy. Due to both components decay (β− and conversion/Auger electrons), the 109Pd/109mAg in vivo generator presents unique potential in this field. Despite the lack of nuclear localization, which is highly required for efficient Auger electron therapy, an adequate cytotoxic effect was attained.
A rare gastrointestinal bleeding due to a cholecystoduodenal fistula: a case report
Authors: Zippi Maddalena , Toma Antonella , Hong Wandong , Fiorino Sirio , Grottesi Alfonso
Published: October 2023

Background

Gastrointestinal bleeding from cholecystoduodenal fistula is rare. It is usually managed surgically, although a conservative approach is reported in isolated cases.

Case presentation

A 71-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department (ED) presenting melena associated with severe anemia, requiring a blood transfusion. An urgent upper endoscopy showed the intestinal orifice of a cholecystoduodenal fistula. This finding was confirmed by radiological examination and laparoscopy. Cholecystectomy and simultaneous excision of the fistula were successfully performed. As a result, a diagnosis of Mirizzi syndrome type Va was also made.

Conclusion

A cholecystoduodenal fistula orifice leading to gastrointestinal bleeding is difficult to diagnose without an endoscopic examination of the upper digestive tract. Following this first diagnostic step, a comprehensive patient examination should be conducted, specifically if a history of gallbladder lithiasis has been reported.
Seasonal variation of cardiac structure and function in the elite rugby football league athlete
Authors: Forsythe Lynsey , George Keith , Papadakis Michael , Mill Nathan , Daniels Matt , Oxborough David
Published: October 2023

Background

Pre-participation cardiac screening (PCS) of “Super-League” rugby football league (RFL) athletes is mandatory but may be completed at any time point. The aim of this study was to assess cardiac electrical, structural and functional variation across the competitive season.

Methods

Elite, male, RFL athletes from a single Super-League club underwent cardiac evaluation using electrocardiography (ECG), 2D echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) at four time points across the RFL season; (1) End pre-season (ENDPRE), (2) mid-season (MIDCOMP), (3) end-season (ENDCOMP) and (4) End off-season (ENDOFF). Training loads for each time point were also determined. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni were used for statistical analyses.

Results

Total workload undertaken by athletes was lower at both MIDCOMP and ENDCOMP compared to ENDPRE (P < 0.001). ECG patterns were normal with training-related changes that were largely consistent across assessments. Structural data did not vary across assessment points. Standard functional data was not different across assessment points but apical rotation and twist were higher at ENDPRE (9.83˚ and 16.55˚, respectively compared to all other time points (MIDCOMP, 6.13˚ and 12.62˚; ENDCOMP, 5.84˚ and 12.12˚; ENDOFF 6.60˚ and 12.35˚).

Conclusions

Despite some seasonal variation in training load, the athletes’ ECG and cardiac structure were stable across a competitive season. Seasonal variation in left ventricular (LV) apical rotation and twist, associated with higher training loads, should be noted in the context of PCS.
Latent profiles identified from psychological test data for people convicted of sexual offences in the UK
Authors: Gillespie Steven M. , Elliott Ian A.
Published: October 2023

Background

One size does not fit all in assessment and intervention for people with convictions for sexual offences. Crime scene indicators and risk-related variables have been used to identify distinct clusters of people with convictions for sexual offences, but there is a need for more robust typologies that identify clusters based on psychologically meaningful risk factors that can be targeted in treatment.

Aims

To use robust modelling techniques to identify latent profiles of people with convictions for sexual offences based on indicators of dynamic risk.

Method

Adult male participants, who had been convicted for sexual offences and assessed for eligibility for the prison-based Core Sex Offender Treatment Programme delivered by His Majesty's Prison and Probation Service (UK), were randomly allocated to a test (n = 1577: 70.2%) or validation (n = 668: 29.8%) data-set. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to select measures of dynamic risk from psychological test data. EFA indicated four factors, from which six measures were selected for inclusion in latent profile analysis.

Results

Five latent profiles were identified in the test and validation data-sets. These were labelled low psychological impairment, impulsive, distorted thinker, rape preoccupied and child fantasist. Profiles varied in individual characteristics, offence histories, victim preferences and level of risk.

Conclusions

Our findings should be used to guide assessment and intervention practices that are tailored to distinct psychological profiles consistent with principles of risk, need and responsivity.
The Bars Are Ours
Authors: Hilderbrand Lucas
Published: October 2023

Gay bars have operated as the most visible institutions of the LGBTQ+ community in the United States for the better part of a century, from before gay liberation until after their assumed obsolescence. In The Bars Are Ours Lucas Hilderbrand offers a panoramic history of gay bars, showing how they served as the medium for queer communities, politics, and cultures. Hilderbrand cruises from leather in Chicago and drag in Kansas City to activism against gentrification in Boston and racial discrimination in Atlanta; from New York City's bathhouses, sex clubs, and discos and Houston's legendary bar Mary's to the alternative scenes that reimagined queer nightlife in San Francisco and Latinx venues in Los Angeles. The Bars Are Ours explores these local sites (with additional stops in Denver, Detroit, Seattle, Philadelphia, Minneapolis, and Orlando as well as Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Texas) to demonstrate the intoxicating---even world-making---roles that bars have played in queer public life across the country.
MODEL OF INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO THE STAFF ADAPTATION SYSTEM
Authors: Baynakova M. , Chulanova Oksana
Published: October 2023

During the period of digital transformation, artificial intelligence technologies are actively developing and being introduced into human resource management processes. The authors consider the concept of artificial intelligence, explore the possibility of using artificial intelligence in the system of personnel adaptation. The article analyzes the main advantages and disadvantages of the ChatGPT model. A model for integrating artificial intelligence into the adaptation of company personnel is proposed.
Pódcast y ficción sonora en España: una relación simbiótica para recuperar un género olvidado (2013-2022).
Authors: Ruiz-Gómez Sara , Legorburu-Hortelano José María
Published: October 2023

Tras algo más de tres décadas de letargo, la ficción sonora española va recobrando el pulso. Aunque el pódcast está desempeñando un papel determinante en su recuperación, esta no se limita únicamente a las nuevas plataformas de audio, sino que también ha alcanzado a las emisoras de radio generalista. Esta investigación intenta arrojar luz acerca del despertar de este género durmiente de forma paralela al auge del podcasting, tanto desde el punto de vista de la cuantificación y análisis de las ficciones desarrolladas entre 2013 y 2022 como de sus técnicas de producción. Con esta finalidad, se han estudiado las diferentes producciones de las cadenas generalistas de cobertura nacional (Cadena SER, COPE, Onda Cero y Radio Nacional de España) y de las principales plataformas digitales (Audible, Podium Podcast y Sonora); y se han efectuado entrevistas en profundidad a sus responsables de producción. A tenor de los resultados, la relación simbiótica que se ha establecido entre este género y el nuevo formato de audio resulta patente en el crecimiento del número de producciones, que han evolucionado al alza desde las 2 registradas en 2013, pasando por una media de 16 en el trienio 2018-2020 y alcanzando las 30 en 2022. Asimismo, de la investigación se desprende que la ficción sonora no solo va recuperando el terreno perdido gracias a su relación simbiótica con el pódcast, sino que, además, está sometida a un proceso de transformación que afecta tanto a sus señas de identidad como a su clasificación y a su nomenclatura.
El comportamiento de las televisiones autonómicas en redes sociales: el caso de Facebook.
Authors: Carreño Villada Jose , Díaz Monsalvo Miguel Ángel , López Iglesias Matías
Published: October 2023

Esta investigación analiza la implementación de Facebook, red social más usada según el estudio IAB 2022, en la estrategia de difusión de contenidos de las televisiones autonómicas como forma de vincularse con su audiencia, tratando de vislumbrar el uso de las redes sociales en el contexto televisivo. En este caso se han seleccionado las televisiones ETB, TVG, TV3 como representación de los medios nacidos dentro del contexto analógico y Á Punt, 7 TV y TPA como televisiones nativas digitales. El análisis cuantitativo de 1552 publicaciones en Facebook categorizando su momento de publicación, el comportamiento de sus contenidos, el uso del vídeo y otras herramientas digitales, así como las relaciones que se establecen con los usuarios, trata de determinar la empleabilidad de la red social como una forma de generar nuevo contenido o si, por el contrario, el uso de Facebook es tan solo una herramienta promocional que persigue la migración de los usuarios hacia el medio televisivo tradicional. Los resultados del análisis señalan un esfuerzo limitado por parte de las televisiones para crear contenido exclusivo para las redes sociales que satisfaga las necesidades de los nuevos usuarios. Además, se observa la falta de relaciones horizontales con los usuarios, lo que indica que se mantiene un enfoque comunicativo tradicional en lugar de aprovechar las posibilidades de la comunicación bidireccional en las redes sociales. En términos de audiencia social, las cadenas públicas autonómicas aún tienen un gran trabajo por hacer.
Evaluación ciudadana a los atributos informativos en los medios tradicionales y digitales.
Authors: Chamorro Maldonado Miguel Alejandro , Orellana Guerrero Nicolle , Casimiro Rojas Mauricio
Published: October 2023

El periodismo en los últimos diez años ha perdido su esencia de autonomía a través de los medios de comunicación con internet y la irrupción de la tecnología digital. También se ha perdido esa labor tradicional de cobertura y se ha generado desinterés por seguir los medios convencionales debido a los cambios de hábitos de las audiencias que siguen las noticias en medios digitales. El presente estudio examina la complejidad que vive en la actualidad el periodismo en Chile en su ejercicio profesional a través de los medios de comunicación tradicionales y la pérdida de credibilidad que tienen con la irrupción masiva de medios digitales. En la metodología, desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, se realiza un estudio descriptivo en el que se aplican encuestas a personas que siguen información mediática para conocer la percepción que tienen sobre el estado actual del periodismo en la Región de Valparaíso, Chile. Como resultado de la técnica realizada, los medios de comunicación a nivel tradicional no fueron bien evaluados, siendo su falta de credibilidad la que deteriora la imagen de los periodistas. Se logran respuestas múltiples que permiten pensar que, necesariamente, el periodismo en la actualidad ha perdido sus raíces en la rigurosidad y uso de fuentes y se hace preciso superar el deterioro de la calidad informativa de los productos periodísticos donde los medios digitales son los más creíbles al momento de seguir alguna información periodística.
El sentido práctico del profesorado de enseñanza secundaria en la explicación del medio social
Authors: Peris de Sales Vicent Josep
Published: October 2023

En 2015 el trabajo profesional en el instituto era rutinario y decepcionante desde nuestro punto de vista y ello nos motivó a buscar sentido al trabajo. Lo hicimos mediante una reflexión compartida con otros profesores en el grupo Gea-Clío y la elaboración de una investigación sobre un problema social y escolar que me preocupa: el acceso condicionado a los saberes culturales básicos por una parte importante de la población escolar, ubicada en los límites del sistema educativo. Las diferencias de rendimiento escolar se transforman frecuentemente en desigualdades sociales que dificultan el acceso a una ciudadanía digna. Planteamos que la distancia entre la cultura escolar y la familiar limita la capacidad de acceso y disfrute del derecho fundamental a la educación de un conjunto de alumnos identificados como periféricos. El sistema educativo les propone como medida reparadora un sistema segregador: los programas de segunda oportunidad, que crean un ambiente confortable para evitar la exclusión del sistema educativo. Hemos estudiado estos programas a través de documentos oficiales y entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesores y alumnos de estos programas en dos institutos. Los estudios de casos han constituido la fundamentación teórica que nos ha permitido contextualizar la propia práctica profesional. Los resultados han posibilitado definir una estrategia para modular la actitud del alumnado frente a la propuesta educativa que ofrece los contenidos a través del ámbito sociolingüístico. La participación e implicación de todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa y asociaciones del área de escolarización han sido fundamentales para superar este problema escolar y social.
Desaprender las fronteras internas
Authors: Andrés Garralaga Iñaki
Published: October 2023

Las líneas y colores de los mapas se sustentan en una cartografía interior. Con frecuencia, esta se imprime en nuestras mentes más que sobre el papel, aunque sepamos que muchas cartografías siempre son provisionales o efímeras, cuando no inútiles. Hoy día, posturas éticas de colectivos “sin fronteras” o creaciones “de fusión” muestran que un mundo menos compartimentado se abre paso. Las murallas se desmoronan. La buena voluntad ética y las artes no son ajenas, pero no bastan. Urge “desaprender” muchas fronteras mentales interiorizadas, reflexionar sobre su construcción para deconstruirlas y avanzar hacia realidades menos segregadoras. A partir de resonancias latinoamericanas, se plantean líneas de reflexión en torno a cuatro ejes: uno, analizar algunos mecanismos con que construimos representaciones internas que traducen cartografías políticas y sociales; desvelar estos mecanismos y sus trampas puede sugerir caminos más inclusivos en el complejo contexto del neoliberalismo y la globalización. Dos, partir de la experiencia y valores de las comunidades originarias latinoamericanas y de siglos de mestizaje, fundamentando lo que llamo la estrategia del vínculo, en una perspectiva de democracia comunitarista. Tres, junto a la mirada macro sobre la organización social, fomentar un trabajo micro, personal, de proximidad, vinculado a una educación en la ética del diálogo cuidadoso. Finalmente, iluminar los caminos hacia horizontes de utopía mediante los lenguajes artísticos, singularmente literatura y artes contemporáneas. Cierra un ejemplo educativo extraído de la experiencia colectiva –y personal por más de treinta y cinco años– con el proyecto Filosofía para/con Niños (P4/wC). Actualmente, niños, niñas y jóvenes trabajan en comunidades inclusivas desde países y contextos diferentes, mostrando una vía esperanzadora en la construcción de nuevas ciudadanías para un nuevo mundo.
Conflicto en la frontera sur-peruana: discursos y construcciones sobre el migrante extranjero
Authors: Solórzano Salleres Ximena
Published: October 2023

Tacna es la ciudad frontera entre Perú y Chile. Su identidad está marcada por la Guerra del Pacífico y la posterior ocupación de su territorio por 50 años, lo que ha determinado un conflicto identitario frente a los procesos migratorios. Por su ubicación geográfica, se ha caracterizado por ser una ciudad donde confluyen dos tipos de migración: La primera, caracterizada por migrantes extranjeros que se encontraban en camino hacia Chile o Argentina y, la segunda, por migraciones circulares en la zona fronteriza. A partir de 2014, esa dinámica cambió y la región de Tacna pasó de ser un lugar de paso a convertirse en zona de acogida para personas de nacionalidad colombiana y venezolana. Frente a estos procesos de movilidad humana han surgido conflictos producto de la percepción negativa que existe hacia las personas migrantes, lo que ha generado situaciones de xenofobia y segregación. En ese sentido, el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar los discursos de la población tacneña sobre los migrantes de origen venezolano entre 2018 a 2023, para identificar las ideas que se han construido en torno al flujo migratorio venezolano en la zona de frontera. Para ello, se examinarán entrevistas a profundidad semi-estructuradas que fueron aplicadas a personas tacneñas durante 2018, 2019, 2022 y 2023.
Aportes de Orlando Fals Borda a la etnografía crítica. Principios y tensiones estratégicas en el diálogo con los pueblos indígenas
Authors: Majey Hernández Angélica Sofía
Published: October 2023

Este artículo describe los aportes de Fals en el desarrollo de la etnografía crítica con la comunidad Muyska del Tunjo en Bogotá, D.C. A partir de la idea de recuperar, reparar y reaprender valores sociales fundamentales, argumento que la propuesta de Fals para dialogar con los pueblos indígenas parte del carácter contextual de la ciencia social comprometida. Fals operativiza este carácter contextual en tres tensiones estratégicas de la ciencia social comprometida y propone tres principios para solventarlas. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es presentar el conjunto de estas tensiones y principios enunciados por Fals, que orientaron el desarrollo de la etnografía crítica con la comunidad Muyska del Tunjo durante 2021-2023, con el propósito de conmemorar la vigencia de sus aportes en el diálogo con los pueblos indígenas. Luego del análisis, es posible concluir, por un lado, que las tres tensiones estratégicas y los tres principios propuestos por Fals continúan vigentes en el diálogo con los pueblos indígenas, toda vez que vinculan a la labor investigativa (1) la praxis transformadora, (2) la convergencia del conocimiento popular y el conocimiento académico y (3) las dos cualidades del carácter político de la ciencia social comprometida: el poder y la potencia. Y, por otro lado, que los métodos e instrumentos utilizados en la investigación aterrizaron las tensiones estratégicas y principios propuestos por Fals a la experiencia investigativa con la comunidad Muyska del Tunjo.
Descartes on What We Can Hardly Do
Authors: Lennon Thomas M.
Published: October 2023

abstract: Descartes makes apparently contradictory claims about what we are able to do in response to clear and distinct perception of truth or goodness. An altogether novel interpretation of his concept of moral possibility has recently been advanced, aimed at resolving the contradiction. The argument here is that the basic text from which the interpretation is launched involves a serious mistranslation, and that in any case, the interpretation itself is implausible. The thrust is not merely corrective, however, for the issues raised have systematic repercussions on Descartes's views concerning freedom and the will, and on his method of doubt. They particularly affect libertarian interpretations of Descartes, three of which are discussed here, one in some detail. At the end, a more plausible account is indicated.
Change in Norwegian-American Identity: Expression, as Seen through the Headstones at Washington Prairie Lutheran Church, 1864–1969
Authors: Diedrich Mathea
Published: October 2023

Abstract: With all immigrant groups in the United States, there is a trend towards assimilation the longer an individual or family has been in America. However, the rate at which this assimilation occurs differs between immigrant groups, as well as varying within a single immigrant group. Though there are many ways to investigate trends in assimilation, studying changes in naming practices and language is one of the more direct methods of accomplishing this. This paper focuses on changes in identity expression of Norwegian Americans through an analysis of the name choices and language usage on the headstones at Washington Prairie Lutheran Church in Winneshiek County, Iowa. The primary source material for this project came from the headstones from six family plots and church records spanning across several decades, from 1864–1969. Through information from secondary sources, the trends in name choice and language use are considered in conjunction with an examination of factors which may have influenced these changes.
Activist Scholarship and
Borderland Feminism:
Resisting Coloniality in Liminal
Internationalization
Authors: Mendoza Pilar
Published: October 2023

Using an international research center initiative, the purpose of
this article is to illustrate how activist research can be fertile ground for academic theorization and provide a framework for those interested in activist
scholarship, especially for women faculty of Latin American origins in U.S.
institutions. I elaborate on how activist scholarship can resist coloniality
through an example of critical internationalization work in higher education
using borderland feminism as a lens. In doing so, I show the interconnections
between borderland feminism, coloniality, and liminal internationalization.
Finally, based on this theoretical development, I applied Davis et al.´s interpretive criteria (2019) to my activist scholarship in liminal internationalization.
Quantum extension to the semiclassical theory of electrical susceptibility
Authors: García Jairo D. , Rodríguez Boris A.
Published: October 2023

The semiclassical expressions for susceptibilities are inadequate when quantum aspects of light become prominent. A more appropriate formulation of the electrical susceptibility theory requires the quantization of the electromagnetic field. We show here a way to do this up to the second order, within a low-dimensional system. The generalized expressions reveal that susceptibilities depend on the quantum state of light. As experimentally verifiable consequences of this, we predict new phenomena such as photon number-dependent refractive index, even in the linear regime, and non-quadratic second harmonic generation, which should be appreciable when very low-intensity coherent light is involved. We also deduce when the semiclassical expressions, which happen to be particular cases of those derived here, can be used confidently.
Hybrid Si-GaAs photonic crystal cavity for lasing and bistability
Authors: Rahaman Mohammad Habibur , Lee Chang-Min , Atabey Buyukkaya Mustafa , Zhao Yuqi , Waks Edo
Published: October 2023

The heterogeneous integration of silicon with III-V materials provides a way to overcome silicon’s limited optical properties toward a broad range of photonic applications. Hybrid modes are a promising way to integrate such heterogeneous Si/III-V devices, but it remains unclear how to utilize these modes to achieve photonic crystal cavities. Herein, using 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations, we propose a hybrid Si-GaAs photonic crystal cavity design that operates at telecom wavelengths and can be fabricated without requiring careful alignment. The hybrid cavity consists of a patterned silicon waveguide that is coupled to a wider GaAs slab featuring InAs quantum dots. We show that by changing the width of the silicon cavity waveguide, we can engineer the hybrid modes and control the degree of coupling to the active material in the GaAs slab. This provides the ability to tune the cavity quality factor while balancing the device’s optical gain and nonlinearity. With this design, we demonstrate cavity mode confinement in the GaAs slab without directly patterning it, enabling strong interaction with the embedded quantum dots for applications such as low-power-threshold lasing and optical bistability (156 nW and 18.1 µW, respectively). This heterogeneous integration of an active III-V material with silicon via a hybrid cavity design suggests a promising approach for achieving on-chip light generation and low-power nonlinear platforms.
Low-loss operation of silicon-on-insulator integrated components at 2.6–2.7 µm
Authors: Tuorila Heidi , Viheriälä Jukka , Cherci Matteo , Harjanne Mikko , Marin Yisbel , Ojanen Samu-Pekka , Karioja Pentti , Guina Mircea
Published: October 2023

Development of mid-infrared photonics is gaining attention, driven by a multitude of sensing applications requiring increasingly compact and cost-effective photonics systems. To this end, low-loss operation of µm-scale silicon-on-insulator photonic integration elements is demonstrated for the 2.6–2.7 µm wavelength region. The platform utilizes the 3 µm thick silicon core layer technology enabling demonstration of low-loss and low birefringence waveguides. Measurements of record low single mode waveguide propagation losses of 0.56 ± 0.09 dB/cm and bend losses <0.08 dB for various miniaturized bend geometries are presented and validated by simulation. Furthermore, a wavelength filter based on echelle grating that allows to select several operating channels within the 2.64–2.7 µm band, with a linewidth of ∼1.56 nm for each channel is presented.
Electromagnetic wave passage through impedance-matched graded interfaces between RHM and LHM media: passive and active transition layer variants
Authors: Pazynin L. A. , Sliusarenko H. , Pazynin V. L.
Published: October 2023

We suggest two new, to the best of our knowledge, models of a flat-layered medium with variable electric permittivity and magnetic permeability. They represent a smooth transition from an ordinary medium with positive parameters to a medium with negative ones. An analytical solution to the problem of transition of a plane electromagnetic wave through such media, which describes the phenomenon of negative refraction is obtained. The resonant excitation effect is observed in the case of the medium with an active transition layer.
Depth estimation in SPAD-based LIDAR sensors
Authors: Chen Mingzhe , Rao Padmakumar , Venialgo Esteban
Published: October 2023

In direct time-of-flight (D-TOF) light detection and ranging (LIDAR), accuracy and full-scale range (FSR) are the main performance parameters to consider. Particularly, in single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) based systems, the photon-counting statistics plays a fundamental role in determining the LIDAR performance. Also, the intrinsic performance ultimately depends on the system parameters and constraints, which are set by the application. However, the best-achievable performance directly depends on the selected depth estimation method and is not necessarily equal to intrinsic performance.

We evaluate a D-TOF LIDAR system, in the particular context of smartphone applications, in terms of parameter trade-offs and estimation efficiency. First, we develop a simulation model by combining radiometry and photon-counting statistics. Next, we perform a trade-off analysis to study dependencies between system parameters and application constraints, as well as non-linearities caused by the detection method. Further, we derive an analytical model to calculate the Cram\'er\textendash Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the LIDAR system, which analytically accounts for the shot noise. Finally, we evaluate a depth estimation method based on artificial intelligence (AI) and compare its performance to the CRLB. We demonstrate that the AI-based estimator fully compensates the non-linearity in depth estimation, which varies depending on application conditions such as target reflectivity.
Research on Wind Vector Measurement of Coherent Doppler Lidar Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: zhao Yuefeng , Zhou Xue , Luo Jiankang , Li Qingsong , Zai Chengmin , Zhang Kaizhen
Published: October 2023

Coherent Doppler wind Lidar (CDWL) is a lidar based meteorological detection device, mainly used to measure wind speed and direction in the atmosphere. Peak value extraction is a very important step in wind field inversion of CDWL. It is a difficult problem to extract peak value from many CDWL raw data. To solve this problem, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed in this paper to process CDWL raw data. PSO algorithm is simple and easy to implement, can be parallelized, has strong adaptability, and has excellent global search ability, fast convergence ability and strong robustness of population optimization algorithm. Therefore, the PSO algorithm has advantages in extracting Doppler peaks from large amounts of raw data. The PSO algorithm is applied to CDWL time domain simulation signal and measured data processing, compared with other peak extraction methods. The results show that the average peak accuracy of PSO algorithm reaches 0.992. Compared with the wind vector fitted by other peak extraction methods, the PSO algorithm has no error within the detection distance of 2000 meters, and can detect further and more accurate wind vectors, improving the accuracy and reliability of data analysis.
Few-cycle laser pulse characterization on-target using high-harmonic generation from nano-scale solids
Authors: Kübel Matthias , Hell Sebastian , Manna Apurba , Awad Matthias , Ying Bo , Abrók Levente , Diveki Zsolt , Cormier Eric , Kiss Balint , Böhmer Jan , Ronning Carsten , Han Seung , George Antony , Turchanin Andrey , Pfeiffer Adrian
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate high-harmonic generation for the time-domain observation of the electric field (HHG-TOE) and use it to measure the waveform of ultrashort mid-infrared (MIR) laser pulses interacting with ZnO thin-films or WS$_2$ monolayers. The working principle relies on perturbing HHG in solids with a weak replica of the pump pulse. We measure the duration of few-cycle pulses at 3100\,nm, in reasonable agreement with the results of established pulse characterization techniques. Our method provides a straightforward approach to accurately characterize femtosecond laser pulses used for HHG experiments right at the point of interaction.
Low dose tacrolimus exposure and early steroid withdrawal with strict body weight control can improve post kidney transplant glucose tolerance in Japanese patients
Authors: Mitsuke Akihiko , Ohbo Takahiko , Arima Junya , Osako Yoichi , Sakaguchi Takashi , Matsushita Ryosuke , Yoshino Hirofumi , Tatarano Shuichi , Yamada Yasutoshi , Sasaki Hajime , Tanabe Tatsu , Fukuzawa Nobuyuki , Tanaka Hiroshi , Nishio Yoshihiko , Hideki Enokida , Harada Hiroshi
Published: October 2023

The development of diabetes mellitus (DM) after living donor kidney transplantation (KT) is a risk factor for worsening transplant kidney function, cardiac disease, and cerebrovascular disease, which may affect prognosis after KT. At our institution, all patients’ glucose tolerance is evaluated perioperatively by oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) at pre-KT, and 3, 6, and 12 month (mo.) after KT. We analyzed the insulinogenic index (ISI) and homeostasis model assessment beta cell (HOMA-β) based on the immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels to determine how glucose tolerance changed after KT in 214 patients who had not been diagnosed with DM before KT. In addition, we analyzed the body mass index (BMI) which may also influence glucose tolerance after KT. The concentration of tacrolimus (TAC) in blood was also measured as the area under the curve (AUC) to examine its effects at each sampling point. The preoperative-OGTTs showed that DM was newly diagnosed in 22 of 214 patients (10.3%) who had not been given a diagnosis of DM by the pre-KT fasting blood sugar (FBS) tests. The glucose tolerance was improved in 15 of 22 DM patients at 12 mo. after KT. ISI and IRI deteriorated only at 3 mo. after KT but improved over time. There was a trend of an inverse correlation between HOMA-β and TAC-AUC. We also found inverse correlations between IRI and an increase in BMI from 3 to 12 mo. after KT. Early corticosteroid withdrawal or the steroid minimization protocol with tacrolimus to maintain a low level of diabetogenic tacrolimus and BMI decrease after KT used by our hospital individualizes lifestyle interventions for each patient might contribute to an improvement in post-KT glucose tolerance.
Public health policies for children and youth with special health care needs in OECD member countries and Brazil: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Gimenes Ângela Cristina Rocha , Cury Elenir Rose Jardim
Published: October 2023

Background

Because public health policies lay down guidelines for health promotion in specific populations, a review of policies devised for children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) can reveal the actual degree of priority assigned to this population segment, while also highlighting relevant policies in this field.

Objective

To map the available evidence of public health policies for CYSHCN in member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Brazil.

Method

A scoping review protocol was developed as per the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses–Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist, for application to the Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases;to theLatin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS)multilingual thesaurus; and to gray literature.The review will map the principal documents (irrespective of time frame or language) addressing public health policies for CYSHCN up to 19 years old. The research protocol has been registered on the Open Science Framework platform (identifier 10.17605/OSF.IO/UW5BH:DOI).

Results and conclusion

Tables, maps, charts, and/or graphs accompanied by descriptive texts will be employed to present the results to the research question and provide answers to it. Use of both open-access software IRaMuTeQ for similitude analysis and word clouds is also planned. This protocol is expected to reveal policies that meet the specific needs of this vulnerable population segment and highlight examples of good practices or current gaps.