bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrer par les clubs pour étudier les milieux économiques et patronaux au Kenya
Authors: Connan Dominique
Published: January 2025

Au Kenya, se dire patron est une condition et une revendication. Dans une société où les activités économiques sont contraintes par la dépendance à des réseaux de clientèle politique et par de fortes obligations redistributives, il s’agit de défendre la possibilité d’une accumulation autonome. Cela consiste, pour les patrons, à se saisir des labels et des normes produits par les institutions internationales, pour mettre à distance les plus pauvres et à se distinguer des plus puissantes que soi. Une entrée par les clubs privés permet de comprendre comment sont dites et vécues, dans le quotidien de ces acteurs, ces tentatives de désencastrement du champ économique.
Lessons learned for preventing health disparities in future pandemics: the role of social vulnerabilities among children diagnosed with severe COVID-19 early in the pandemic
Authors: Graff Kelly , Choi Ye Ji , Silveira Lori , Smith Christiana , Abuogi Lisa , DeCamp Lisa Ross , Jarjour Jane , Friedman Chloe , Ware Meredith A. , Kaar Jill L
Published: January 2025

Background

Hispanic ethnicity is associated with an increased risk for severe disease in children with COVID-19. Identifying underlying contributors to this disparity can lead to improved health care utilization and prevention strategies.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of children 2–20 years of age with positive SARS-CoV-2 testing from March–October 2020. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify demographic, comorbid health conditions, and social vulnerabilities as predictors of severe COVID-19 (need for hospital admission or respiratory support).

Results

We included 1572 children with COVID-19, of whom 45% identified as Hispanic. Compared to non-Hispanic children, patients who identified as Hispanic were more often obese (28% vs. 14%, p < 0.0001), preferred a non-English language (31% vs. 3%, p < 0.0001), and had Medicaid or no insurance (79% vs. 33%, p < 0.0001). In univariable analyses, children who identified as Hispanic were more likely to require hospital admission (OR 2.4, CI: 1.57–3.80) and respiratory support (OR 2.4, CI: 1.38–4.14). In multivariable analyses, hospital admission was associated with obesity (OR 1.9, CI: 1.15–3.08), non-English language (OR 2.4, CI: 1.35–4.23), and Medicaid insurance (OR 2.0, CI: 1.10–3.71), but ethnicity was not a significant predictor of severe disease.

Conclusions and Relevance

The high rates of severe COVID-19 observed in Hispanic children early in the pandemic appeared to be secondary to underlying co-morbidities and social vulnerabilities that may have influenced access to care, such as language and insurance status. Pediatric providers and public health officials should tailor resource allocation to better target this underserved patient population.
Conocimiento indígena y navegación fluvial en el Viaje a las regiones equinocciales del Nuevo Continente de Alexander von Humboldt
Authors: Rodríguez García Margarita Eva
Published: January 2025

Entre marzo y junio de 1800, Alexander von Humboldt y Aimé Bonpland recorrieron las cuencas del Orinoco y el Amazonas. En este trabajo analizamos el rol de los saberes indígenas, de su conocimiento tácito y experimental, a la hora de posibilitar el recorrido y la tarea de los naturalistas en esta parte de la América meridional. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar como el diario de Humboldt refleja el intercambio epistemológico entre los naturalistas y otras comunidades de conocimiento y contextualizar dicho intercambio en un espacio concreto, en la Guayana, en el que ya existía una tradición de conocimiento híbrido y empírico del medio natural, como resultado de la creación, a lo largo del tiempo, de redes compuestas por diferentes comunidades y actores.
Contribution of the Sri Lankan Sources for Studying the Political History of India (from 5th Century B.C. To 4th Century B.C.)
Authors: Manatunga D. K.
Published: January 2025

Sri Lanka has a strong historical tradition and rich historical sources. In this context, it is important to study Sri Lankan historical sources to understand the history of nearby India and other South Asian countries better. Many scholars have recognised the historical significance and authenticity of Sri Lankan chronicles such as the Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa and Attakatha as historical sources. Many details or information in these sources align with archaeological sources and foreign records. Owing to the confusion found in Indian sources, it was challenging to study Indian history from a clear perspective in such a situation. The help received from Sri Lankan sources in order to construct Indian history is invaluable, especially during the period from the 6th century B.C. to the 4th century B.C. Sri Lankan sources, in particular, have contributed very much to average and determine the years and periods relating to the Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda and Maurya dynasties. Many historians believe that Sri Lankan sources are more reliable with regard to this period than Indian sources. The main objective of this research is to study Indian political history from the 5th century B.C. to the 4th century B.C. to analyse the contribution made by Sri Lankan sources to study and construct ancient Indian history. Accordingly, the discussion mainly focuses on India's political history during the stipulated period. The research methodology used is the study of primary sources. In this connection, the information provided by Sri Lankan chronicles and Attakathas in relation to Indian history was comparatively examined with those in Indian sources. In this study, it was able to identify the main tendencies in the political spheres in Indian history during the specified period. It also identified the royal dynasties and their correct sequences with correct dates.
Research on Authentic Leadership Literature Based on The Scopus: A Co-Word Clustering Analysis
Authors: Gamage A. S. , Mathushan P.
Published: January 2025

In contemporary discourse, the adjective authentic has increasingly been affixed to the term leadership to enrich the scholarly examination of Leadership and broaden its applicability within organisational contexts. The designation "authentic" carries specific implications and nuances that may lead one to infer that it represents a potentially superior or more legitimate variant of Leadership. The emergence of authentic Leadership is rooted in the principles of positive organisational behaviour and a conducive organisational environment, which are indicative of human resource competencies and psychological capacities that can be quantified, cultivated, and adeptly administered to enhance performance in the modern workplace. This study seeks to perform a bibliometric literature review on authentic leadership terms, trends, and ideas using Scimago Graphics software and a database from Scopus to contribute to authentic leadership research. The Scimago Graphica software generated four clusters that provide a comprehensive landscape and study trajectory of authentic Leadership. Researchers and practitioners should focus on current trends and research topics to enhance authentic leadership development.
Updates on Dengue Vaccines; Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Siriwardana T. N. , Gunathilaka N.
Published: January 2025

Dengue is a significant public health challenge worldwide. Vector management has become the prime intervention in dengue control. Although various attempts have been made to make a dengue vaccine during the last 3-4 decades, it has become challenging. This review explored the history of dengue vaccine development and its present status and prospects. A literature review from 2010- 2022 covering vaccine development approaches was considered in this study. Significant advancements in vaccine development are evident, with several candidates advancing through clinical trials. The live-attenuated CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia) vaccine by Sanofi Pasteur, the first dengue vaccine approved, has shown variable efficacy and raised safety concerns, especially in dengue-naïve populations. The TAK-003 (Intertypic chimera-DENVax) (Qdenga®) has been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for use in individuals aged four years and older, based on national guidelines. The TV003/TV005 developed by the National Institutes of Health is currently in Phase III trials. These vaccines aim to address the challenges of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and provide broad, serotypespecific immunity. The live-attenuated vaccines have shown potential, but they face issues like genetic instability and adverse reactions. Non-replicating platforms, such as DNA and subunit vaccines, offer safer alternatives but may need adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity. The review highlights the necessity for ongoing research and innovation to create vaccines that induce strong, protective immune responses without ADE. Despite the approval of Dengvaxia, its limited efficacy in some populations underscores the need for next-generation vaccines that offer comprehensive protection across various demographics.
Pucciniales (Rust fungi): Diversity, Host Interaction, and Evolutionary Insights
Authors: Isanka U. S. R. , Daranagama D. A. D. A.
Published: January 2025

Rust fungi are a widespread group of plant diseases that belong to the Basidiomycota division and the Pucciniomycetes class. They are one of the most significant orders of fungi, with about 7000 species. The taxonomy of rust fungi has evolved from early morphological systems to modern phylogenetic classifications, with the current recognition of 11 families and the proposal of a new 18-family system. Rust fungi have complex life cycles that involve five distinct spore stages: spermatia, aeciospores, urediniospores, teliospores, and basidiospores. They can be heteroecious, requiring two unrelated host plants to complete their whole life cycle, or autoecious, completing their entire life cycle on a single host. The review highlights rust fungi's economic and agricultural impact, particularly those that cause diseases on important crops such as Wheat, barley, oats, and sunflower. Rust diseases can cause significant yield losses and continue impacting anthropogenic ecosystems. The ecological significance of rust fungi is also discussed, as they can shape plant community dynamics by selectively affecting specific species or genotypes. Phylogenetic studies of rust fungi are crucial for identifying evolutionary relationships, resolving taxonomic issues, and providing insights into their divergence, speciation events, and evolutionary history. Moreover, these studies provide much-needed information on their divergence, speciation events and evolutionary history. They have shown that there are genetic variations within the group and that there have been increases in gene families that produce secreted proteins, including virulence-effector genes. To sum up, this literature review discusses the significance of studying rust fungi in terms of their complicated life cycles and economic and ecological impacts; it also reflects on what phylogenetic analyses reveal about them. It calls for more studies into the remaining uncertainties concerning classification and evolution among these vast and varied kinds of fungi.
Economic Growth, Poverty and Inequality: Update on the Discourse and Lessons for Sri Lanka
Authors: Herath N. , Herath G.
Published: January 2025

The interplay between economic growth, inequality, and poverty underscores the complexity of development dynamics and the challenge of alleviating poverty. Economic growth is necessary for poverty reduction; however, its adequacy is an issue that has been discussed for about 7 decades. Emphasis on growth promoting policies for reducing poverty fluctuated from time to time depending on the empirical findings. Availability of reliable data and improved computing facilities enabled quantifying the relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction. Many studies in the last decade of the 20th century and first decade of the 21st century confirmed that growth reduced poverty but effect of growth on poverty is heterogenous, hence supplementary policies are necessary to enhance growth effect on poverty. Moreover, the increasing inequality dampen the effect of growth on poverty. Sri Lanka is currently experiencing a crisis driven poverty and achieving higher rate of economic growth is critical for reducing wide-spread poverty.
Effectiveness of National Innovation System of Sri Lanka: examining the roles of universities, S&T institutions and industry
Authors: Weerasinghe R. N. , Jayawardane A. K. W. , Huang Qiubo
Published: January 2025

After resolving internal conflicts in 2009, Sri Lanka experienced significant economic growth through infrastructure development and other policy initiatives. However, the pace of growth has since decelerated, and the country now faces numerous challenges related to the sustainability of its progress. Scholars and policymakers have identified a primary issue: the need for a systematic approach to the country’s development models. Consequently, this study was conducted to comprehensively examine the policy inputs necessary for optimizing the National Innovation System (NIS) in Sri Lanka, focusing on the three main actors: universities, S&T institutions, and industry. A robust conceptual model was formulated by exploring the existing literature on NIS, their functions, and roles, with particular emphasis on the imperatives of NIS in developing countries. This study aims to understand the roles of these three main actors within NIS, evaluate the effectiveness of their functions, and assess the strength of the networking relationships among them. Based on this conceptual framework, the empirical phase of the study was structured and implemented. This research proposes several policy recommendations based on data analysis to enhance the three primary NIS actors’ role effectiveness and strengthen their network relationships, providing a solid foundation for future policy decisions.
Impact of digital transformation on financial performance of licensed commercial banks in Sri Lanka pre and post COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Herath H. M. D. K. , Gamlath Muthubandara
Published: January 2025

Enhancing the quality of goods and services through innovation and the integration of electronic applications is a fundamental aspect of digital transformation. This topic has increasingly captivated the attention of management and organizational scholars. This focus is especially relevant in improving organizational performance by digitalizing core operations. The global and Sri Lankan economies have faced severe disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has compelled commercial banks to adopt innovative digital strategies as a means of mitigating the resultant risks and maintaining stability. This study explores the impact of digital transformation on the financial performance of 10 Licensed Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka, comparing outcomes before and after the pandemic’s onset. By employing a robust methodological framework that includes descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and T-test analysis, the research investigates key variables to discern trends and patterns across different timeframes. The assessment of digital transformation is conducted through a multi-dimensional approach, focusing on metrics such as the volume of digital transactions, income from fees and commissions, and the proliferation of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) and Cash Deposit Machines (CDMs). Financial performance, on the other hand, is gauged using critical indicators like Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). The analysis reveals nuanced insights: while the increase in ATMs and CDMs correlates positively with financial performance, this relationship lacks statistical significance. In contrast, a substantial and positive effect on financial performance is observed from the volume of digital transactions and the income generated from fees and commissions. Significantly, the findings indicate that digital transformation initiatives have enabled commercial banks to not only weather the pandemic but also enhance their financial performance during this period of unprecedented challenge. These results emphasize the imperative for financial institutions to strategically integrate advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, into their digital transformation agendas. By doing so, they can secure and potentially elevate financial performance, even amidst unforeseen global crises like a pandemic.
Refractory sarcoidosis presenting as chylothorax: a case report
Authors: Döngelli Hüseyin , Birlik Ahmet Merih
Published: January 2025

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous autoinflammatory disease that primarily affects lymphoid organs, the skin, and the lungs. While recurrent pleural effusion is documented in sarcoidosis, chylothorax is exceedingly rare.
We present a male patient in his seventies who presented to the emergency department with long-standing fatigue, a ten-kilogram weight loss over six months, new-onset snoring, and nasal congestion. Evaluations, including respiratory function tests and chest computed tomography, revealed findings consistent with sarcoidosis, such as hilar lymphadenopathy, reduced carbon monoxide diffusion, and elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels, along with pleural effusion. Analysis of the pleural fluid showed it to be exudative, with high triglycerides level. We concluded that chylothorax resulted from extensive lymph node involvement.
During two years of follow-up, combinations of methylprednisolone and other immunosuppressants were ineffective, leading to disease progression. Infliximab was then initiated, resulting in a dramatic clinical response and improvement in Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography (PET/CT) imaging.
Assessing Marketplaces’ Role in Economic Sustainability of South African SMMEs
Authors: Moagi Thato J. , Thomas Peta , Mara Cashandra C.
Published: January 2025

Orientation: Research on marketplaces and their role in the economic sustainability of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) remains sparse and the researchers need to establish the qualities necessary to support SMME viability.Research purpose: This empirical study proposed, designed and employed a cataloguing field methodology instrument to effectively assess the physical qualities and attributes of informal and formal marketplaces in South Africa.Motivation for the study: Marketplaces are vital drivers of poverty alleviation and job creation, which inspired this study.Research design, approach and method: A total of 34 marketplaces in Gauteng, South Africa, were randomly selected and catalogued, based on availability, using the same field-ranking form for both formal and informal marketplaces for comparison purposes.This study could inform what is needed to make marketplaces more economically sustainable for their SMMEs and achieve a comprehensive national directory of marketplaces in South Africa to ensure the economic sustainability of SMMEs in the country.Main findings: A new methodology was developed to catalogue marketplaces and SMMEs in Gauteng.Practical/managerial implications: The functional characteristics of marketplaces are important to owners and operators, and knowledge of these preferences is vital to policy makers and managers.Contribution/value add: This novel method will effectively assist relevant bodies such as municipal, provincial and national government to effectively capture and catalogue physical marketplaces by their valuable qualities and characteristics.
The crown of the Regina Scientiarum in South Africa
Authors: Oliver Erna , Oliver Willem H.
Published: January 2025

The early notion of European Universities that developed on a Christian foundation where Theology occupied a special place got lost in the chaos of change brought about by the fourth revolutions world. In addition to these pressures, Theology in South Africa is further constrained by internal demands for transformation at various levels. This research focuses on determining if the education of Theology is still relevant within the current context, how Theological education can and should link to the current eras’ demands, and finally how and why Theology should keep informing and speaking to the three ‘publics’ (Tracy) and the six ‘inters’ (Richardson) to adapt to the new normal of chaotic change – however, at the same time to also stay true to her unique Christian calling. Despite the weight of the demands made from both outside and inside academic circles on Theology as a discipline, it is the responsibility of theological educators to keep the crown intact by letting the light of Christ shine both inside and outside academia.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Regina Scientiarum is a title for Theology in academia from Aquinas’ time. The question is if Faculties of Theology still have or deserve that title in a democratic South Africa within the metamodern era filled with ecumenism. In this article, suggestions are given as to assure that Theology keeps her title, at least in South Africa.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Lung with Follow-up
Authors: Bansal Cherry , Chaudhary Neelam , Mahajan Gomty , Nagpal Anoop
Published: January 2025

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lung represents a rare entity of mesenchymal origin. It can affect individuals of any age group but most commonly occur in children and young adults. It may appear as well defined mass which is often confused with an inflammatory lesion in the lung. Complete excision is the best treatment modality, which is also helpful to reach a definite diagnosis with histopathological findings and immunohistochemical analysis. Further careful follow up for recurrence is required. In this article, we report a case of 15 year old male who presented with shortness of breath and was first diagnosed for the possibility of hamartoma on CT guided FNAC. Subsequent resection of tumor, histological examination combined with immunohistochemical study confirmed an IMT of the lung. There are no signs of recurrence after 3 year follow up. This case highlights the necessity of timely integration of radiology, FNAC, bronchoscopy, surgery, histopathology and IHC to arrive at a definitive diagnosis and achieve excellent therapeutic outcome in cases of this rare lung lesion.
Mucormycosis: An Unsual Etiology of Fournier’s Gangrene in a Immunocompetent Patient – A Case Report from Northern Rajasthan
Authors: Nayyar Charu , Kapoor Dimple , Khurana Nishant , Bansal Cherry
Published: January 2025

Fournier gangrene, is defined as necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum, external genitalia and the anus. Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is considered as a serious surgical emergency because the infection causes thrombosis of subcutaneous blood vessels in the perineal, genital or perianal region. The most common microorganisms responsible are found to be Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. We present a case of 63 year old male presenting to the surgical OPD diagnosed with Fournier’s gangrene caused by Mucormycosis. The patient was managed with surgical debridement, excision of the necrotic area and liposomal amphotericin B was added when mucor was identified as the causative agent. Our patient recovered well. Quick therapeutic planning and coordination between clinician and laboratory saved our patient from fatal outcome. The case report highlights the importance of high clinical suspicion, coordination between clinician and laboratory and the impact of quick addition of amphotericin B in treating such a rare and deadly fungus.
Comprehensive Training on Infection Control for the Dental Students during Their Transition from Preclinical to Clinical Phase: Acquired Knowledge and Perception
Authors: Manickam Prebha , Telang Lahari Ajay , Nerali Jayashri Tamanna , Gandhi Nimal Ram
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim:

Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a critical aspect of oral health care. Dental students form an important part of the healthcare system and yet have been identified to be the weakest group during infection control audits. Hence, a customized training program was designed to instill IPC practices early in the process of training. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of this training on IPC practices of dental students during their transition from preclinical to clinical phase of dentistry and analyze their perception regarding the same.

Materials and Methods:

A training program consisting of combinations of teaching methods through didactic lectures, student-centered learning, and “hands-on” clinical demonstrations was customized for 3rd undergraduate year students (n = 57). Assessment of knowledge and practices of IPC were conducted using standard multiple choice questions and OSCEs, and feedback was recorded. A focus group discussion (FGD) (n = 8) helped to understand the effectiveness of the training and suggestions for improvement were recorded through thematic analysis of data.

Results:

The majority of the students (96%) felt that early training during the beginning of clinical years of dentistry improved their IPC practice. The FGD highlighted barriers to IPC from a learner’s perspective along with identifying the concerns in practicing chairside IPC measures.

Conclusion:

The training helped in improving knowledge and perception of IPC practices among the students and created a foundation to instill tenets of routine IPC measures in their future practice. Early training, along with repeated just-in-time re-enforcement, is key to achieving good IPC practices among dental students.
Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Incisional Hernias Post-bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Albeshi Saeed Mubarak , Alsaleh Hussain Mohammed , Altokhais Ziyad Abdullah , Aldawh Ziyad Saad Saeed , Alsulami Amirah Atiah Allah , Almahdi Rahf , Alrammah Abdulrahman Hamid , Alqurashi Wesal Abdulrahman , Alawad Fatema Hani , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef , Albinsaad Loai Saleh
Published: January 2025

Background:

Obesity poses significant health risks, which are frequently addressed with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, which initially leads to significant weight loss but frequently results in long-term regain and excess skin issues, prompting consideration of body contouring surgery (BCS) to potentially improve the quality of life and aid in long-term weight management. Thus, we assess the impact of body contouring on weight loss following bariatric surgery.

Materials and Methods:

An extensive literature search was performed across multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) till March 2024. Data were extracted and analysed using Review Manager 5.4, focusing on body mass index (BMI), % Excess Weight Loss (%EWL) and % Total Body Weight Loss (%TWL). We calculated the mean difference for continuous variables, maintaining a 95% confidence interval (CI). To analyse the outcomes, we employed a random effects model.

Results:

Thirteen studies were included in this review and eleven in the analysis, showing significant improvements in weight loss metrics for patients undergoing BCS after bariatric surgery. The BCS group had a mean BMI reduction of 2.64 kg/m2 compared to non-BCS patients (95% CI: [ −4.96, −0.32], P = 0.03), with considerable heterogeneity (I
2 = 80%). The %EWL was considerably greater in the BCS group, with a mean increase of 12.65% (95% CI [6.26, 19.04]: P = 0.0001) and significant heterogeneity (I
2 = 87%). Similarly, %TWL was larger in the BCS group, demonstrating a mean increase of 6.24% (95% CI [3.46, 9.02]: P <0.0001) with significant heterogeneity (I
2 = 77%).

Conclusions:

Our meta-analysis provides evidence of the potential role of BCS in enhancing weight loss metrics. These insights could be pivotal for clinicians in optimising post-weight loss management strategies and for patients considering BCS as a step toward improved health and well-being.
The Effectiveness of Suvorexant Compared to a Placebo in the Treatment of Insomnia and Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Alqerafi Ahmed Abdulaziz , Sonbul Yasseer Youssef , Alahwal Fahad Mohammed , Samaren Moaied Mohammed , Alruhily Aseem Abduallah , Al Rathwan Muzun Saeed Ojran , Alfayez Omar Sulaiman , Alluqmani Yazeed Ahmed , Alawad Fatema Hani , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef
Published: January 2025

Background:

Sleeplessness or insomnia is another type of sleep disorder and is prevalent in a large part of the global population which interferes with normal daily activities and overall quality of life. Some of the treatments are directed to neurotransmitter systems such as GABA and melatonin receptor sites. Suvorexant, a recently developed orexin receptor antagonist, is a promising pharmacotherapeutic target; however the superiority over placebo of suvorexant deserves further investigation.

Methods:

An extensive search of the bibliographic databases was done using the web sources such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Informed by the PICOT question, only RCTs based on peer-reviewed journal articles were collected, and only those that focused on suvorexant for insomnia patients specifically. Data analysis was carried out in R software version 4.2.2. Categorical data were presented using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for binary variables, while MDs with 95% CIs were used to compare the means of the four continuous variables at follow-up. Inter-study variability was determined using the Chi-square Cochrane test and the I-squared test. Publication bias was checked by Funnel plot and Egger’s regression test.

Results:

The meta-analysis analyzed five, RCTs all together enrolling 1, 540 participants. Suvorexant showed a statistically significant improvement in TST, with a mean difference of 32.07 units (95% CI: 27.Seventy to 36.26 P < 0.0001, and WASO compared with placebo was also significantly shorter by a mean of − 27.92 (95% CI: − 30.33 to − 25.52) P < 0.0001. There was low level of heterogeneity (I² = 3.6 %) suggesting that all the studies pointed to similar conclusions. They found out that they did not observe publication bias.

Conclusion:

Given the foregoing, let it be noted that suvorexant alleviates sleep debit and produces robust improvements in total sleep time and worst awake sleep time as compared to placebo. Overall, the results show that suvorexant is an effective treatment for insomnia although it appears that the degree of effectiveness varies somewhat. More studies are required to establish its continued efficiency and safety of, in addition to, evaluating its effectiveness in contrast to other kinds of insomnia therapies.
Safety and Efficacy of Teriflunomide in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: AlMuhaish Maryam Anwar , Allowaihiq Lujain Habeeb , Alghamdi Shatha Khalid , AlKhawajah Shatha , Aldawsari Dalal Saeed , Badi Ahmed Abdullah , AlDhafyan Shahad Omar , Alwehaibi Haia Fahad , Al Mohaini Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the central nervous system, causing significant morbidity worldwide. Teriflunomide, an oral immunomodulatory agent, has emerged as a promising therapy for MS. However, a comprehensive assessment of its safety and efficacy through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is lacking.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted up to 7th March, 2024, in PubMed, Embase, WOS and Scopus. RCTs investigating teriflunomide’s safety and efficacy in MS patients were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed following predefined criteria. Meta-analysis was conducted to calculate pooled estimates of treatment effects and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

Six RCTs met the inclusion criteria, comprising 2654 participants. Teriflunomide significantly reduced the annualised relapse rate compared to placebo in both 7 mg (mean difference [MD]: −0.22, 95% CI [−0.29, −0.14], P < 0.0001) and 14 mg doses (MD: −0.25, 95% CI [−0.32,−0.17], P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant effect on disability progression assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in either the 7 mg (MD: 0.25, 95% CI [−0.38, 0.88], P = 0.44) or 14 mg (MD:–0.44, 95% CI [−1.25, 0.37], P = 0.29) dose groups. Teriflunomide was associated with a higher incidence of hair thinning (risk ratio [RR]: 2.16, 95% CI [1.30, 3.59], P = 0.003) but did not significantly increase the risk of overall adverse events (RR: 0.89, 95% CI [0.65, 1.21], P = 0.44), serious adverse events (RR: 1.05, 95% CI [0.85, 1.29], P = 0.66), deaths (RR: 0.63, 95% CI [0.07, 5.51], P = 0.68), upper respiratory tract infections (RR: 1.81, 95% CI [0.97, 3.38], P = 0.06), or nasopharyngitis (RR: 1.53, 95% CI [0.86, 2.71], P = 0.14).

Conclusion:

Teriflunomide demonstrates efficacy in reducing relapse rates but does not significantly impact disability progression in MS patients. While it is associated with a higher incidence of hair thinning, overall adverse events and serious adverse events are comparable to placebo. These findings support the use of teriflunomide as a treatment option for MS, emphasising the importance of patient monitoring for potential adverse effects.
Long-term Clinical Outcomes of LASIK Surgery Across Varied Refractive Error Types: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Almukhayzim Raghad Fahad , Albahrani Zahra Saleem , Alqahtani Faisal Mesfer , Alkhalaf Rabab Ahmed , Alawad Fatema Hani , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

To determine how long laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) as a method of correction of different types of refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism is effective and safe.

Methods:

Hence, a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify randomised controlled trials and cohort studies of LASIK’s long-term outcomes were performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus databases. Thus, the work excluding comparisons based on short-term results, non-peer-reviewed sources, and patients with systemic or other ocular diseases was completed. The data were extracted from all relevant studies and the quality of the studies was assessed by two authors separately.

Results:

Of the 2796 articles, 26 studies were included. The meta-analysis used 1879 LASIK patients and 2021 control individuals for the analysis. The success of LASIK operation in increasing the uncorrected distance visual acuity was statistically significant in myopic patients compared to the control group (WMD = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.01–0.06; P = 0.004), whereas, no such difference was made noted in hyperopic patients. In terms of corrected distance visual acuity, hyperopic patients benefited more from LASIK (mean difference [MD] = −0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.02–0.0, P = 0.001). Manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) and spherical aberrations were not significantly different between LASIK and control groups in myopic patients, whereas hyperopic control patients had better MRSE, (MD = 0.37, 95% CI 0.19–0.58, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

The study confirmed the efficiency of LASIK, which provides stable positive outcomes in increasing visual acuity and decreasing the requirement of optical aids in patients with myopia during the long-term period. Conversely, the literature addressing LASIK outcomes in the hyperopic patients is scarce, and the study demonstrated that LASIK results in improved spherical reduction needs. Therefore, to support these findings further and due to the heterogeneous nature of the studies included, more comprehensive and rigorously defined subsequent studies should be conducted in the future.
Investigating the Relationship between Socio-economic Status and Mental Illness: A Comprehensive Analysis of 1,389,125 Individuals through Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alzahrani Hessah , Alburaidi Faris Saad , Alharthi Abdulaziz Matar , Ghobran Abdulmohsen Mohammad Abo , Alhaboob Zeyad Abdullah , Alibrahim Abdulrahman Osama , Alansari Ahmed Badr , Alanazi Dimah Mulfi , Alshehri Waleed Saad , Almekbel Abdulrahman Ibrheem , Qrmli Abdulaziz Abdulrahman
Published: January 2025

Background:

The global prevalence of mental disorders highlights the urgency of understanding their determinants. Socio-economic status (SES), encompassing income, education and occupation, plays a crucial role in shaping mental health outcomes. Research consistently demonstrates a strong association between lower SES and an increased risk of mental disorders. Comprehensive synthesis through systematic review and meta-analysis is essential for informing targeted interventions to address socio-economic disparities and promote mental well-being.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library and the Web of Science. Studies examining the association between SES indicators (e.g., education, income and occupation) and mental disorders were included. Quality assessment and risk-of-bias evaluations were conducted using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Statistical analyses were performed to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between SES and mental disorders.

Results:

SES was associated with higher mental disorders. Educational level, income level and occupational level were examined for their association with mental disorders, all showing statistically significant correlations (pooled HR: 1.17 [95% CI: 1.2, 1.23]; 1.08 [95% CI: 1.05, 1.1]; 1.66 [95% CI: 1.59, 1.74], respectively). Despite high heterogeneity, the overall effects remained significant, as demonstrated in the sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion:

This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence of the association between SES and mental disorders, emphasising the importance of addressing socio-economic disparities in mental health. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to promote mental well-being and equitable access to mental healthcare services. By identifying actionable strategies to address social determinants of mental health, this study contributes to efforts aimed at reducing health inequities and fostering resilient communities.
Safety and Efficacy of Niraparib in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Almutairi Marshad Abdullah , Alasiri Hassan Ahmed , Alhifthi Mohammed Abdulrahman , Alghamdi Khader Mabrouk Khader , Alshardi Waleed Ibrahim , Bakr Muneer Ahmed , Almonawar Alhassan Alhussein , Alawad Fatema Hani , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective:

In 2021, around 250,000 individuals were diagnosed with prostate cancer, making it the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among males in the United States. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a deadly condition, underscoring the need for novel treatments. Niraparib, a powerful and highly specific inhibitor of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP)-1 and PARP-2, is approved for use in the United States, Canada, Europe and China for certain individuals with various conditions such as ovarian, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal malignancies. Niraparib is now licensed for clinical usage in ovarian cancer at a daily dosage ranging from 200 to 300 mg. 21-23 Niraparib has shown efficacy in treating mCRPC in patients with identified DNA repair gene abnormalities.

Materials and Methods:

Four electronic databases – PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies until 26 February 2024. Efficacy outcomes were radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), time to symptomatic progression (TSP) and time to cytotoxic chemotherapy (TCC). Safety outcomes were at least one serious adverse event and treatment-emergent adverse event. The extracted data were dichotomous, and R Studio software was used for the analysis using the fixed effect model.

Results:

Six studies were systematically reviewed, three of which were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1298 patients. The analysis showed that niraparib is statistically significant in improving rPFS; risk ratio (RR) 1.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.52, P < 0.01), and this is consistent with the results of TSP and TCC that also revealed positive impact favouring niraparib; RR 1.11 (95% CI: 1.01–1.22, P < 0.03) and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.06–1.23, P < 0.01). However, niraparib was associated with a higher incidence rate of at least one serious adverse event and treatment-emergent adverse events; RR 1.47 (95% CI: 1.21–1.79, P < 0.01) and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02–1.07, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

Niraparib has been found to have a positive impact on rPFS, TSP and TCC, but it has also been associated with some adverse events, such as anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Despite the adverse events and further studies which are required to assess its safety, niraparib should be considered for clinical usage.
Assessing Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Saudi Arabian Children With Adenoid Hypertrophy: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Alshahrani Najla , Alshammari Raed , Alruwaili Ghadah , Abdu Dania , Munhish Fadi , Alsulami Fahad Awadh Allah , Alkhars Ola Ahmad , Alsaid Abdullah Tariq , Aljedher Abdulhadi Saeed , Alyahya Khalid Abdultaif
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a prevalent concern among children, causing various physical, cognitive and behavioural problems. Adenoid hypertrophy is a significant contributor to SDB. This research aims to determine the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among children in Saudi Arabia and investigate its impact on SDB. In addition, the study seeks to identify potential risk factors associated with adenoid hypertrophy and SDB, as well as explore the correlation between the severity of adenoid hypertrophy and the severity of SDB. Understanding these aspects is essential for early identification and intervention in affected children.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study involving a sample of 1440 children aged 3–12 years from various regions in Saudi Arabia. Data collection included clinical assessments, medical history, physical examinations, sleep questionnaires and polysomnography for objective sleep assessment. The severity of adenoid hypertrophy was determined through endoscopic examination, and SDB was assessed using validated tools. We collected demographic information from each participating child’s guardian.

Results:

The survey results revealed a positive correlation between the severity of adenoid hypertrophy and the frequency of snoring among children with adenoid hypertrophy. Of those with adenoid hypertrophy, 27.5% experienced snoring rarely, while 13.8% snored often. Furthermore, 65.6% of children with adenoid hypertrophy had never been observed to stop breathing during sleep. Restless or interrupted sleep was reported by 34.4% rarely, while 6.9% experienced it often. Daytime sleepiness occurred in 3.8%, and 17.5% experienced school performance impacts due to sleep-related issues.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates the close interconnection between adenoid hypertrophy and SDB in children. Adenoid enlargement plays a significant role in the development of SDB. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are crucial to addressing these issues and preventing potential short- and long-term health consequences associated with poor sleep quality and disrupted breathing during sleep. Effective management can significantly improve the quality of life for affected children and their families.
Intramedullary Nailing Versus Plating Techniques in Femoral Fractures in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alaraj Wasayef , Algawiz Areej , Shubbar Eman Sayed Naser , Aleid Zainab Mohammed , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef Salem , Albehaidel Shuruq , Alkhars Ola
Published: January 2025

Background:

The goal of the current study was to compare the usage of plating methods and intramedullary nailing (IMN) in children with femur fractures by doing a meta-analysis of the literature and conducting a systematic review of the literature.

Methods:

By adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted our systematic review and meta-analysis. Our search strategy was established based on the following primary keywords: ‘Intramedullary,’ ‘Nailing,’ ‘Plate,’ ‘Femur’ and ‘Fracture.’ We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases for relevant publications.

Results:

Regarding blood loss, IMN was associated with a lower amount of blood loss compared to plating techniques with the mean difference (MD) of − 57.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −68.09, −46.45, P < 0.00001). IMN was also associated with shorter operation time compared to plating techniques with an overall MD of − 25.16 (95% CI: −4.27, −6.04, P = 0.01). Moreover, IMN was statistically significant associated with lower hospitalisation with MD of − 0.82 (95% CI: −1.49, −0.15, P = 0.02). However, no significant difference was observed between both techniques regarding healing time with an MD of 0.04 (−0.38, 0.47, P = 0.84). IMN was associated with a higher incidence of complications compared to plating techniques with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.88 (95% CI: 1.75, 8.58, P = 0.0008). No significant difference was observed between both groups regarding the functional outcomes of the two surgeries with an OR of 1.04 (95% CI: 0.47, 2.3, P = 0.91).

Conclusion:

According to the current study, IMN is linked to less blood loss, a quicker recovery period following surgery and less hospitalisation than plating procedures in children with femur fractures. In contrast to IMN, plating procedures were statistically significantly linked to a decreased incidence of problems. Furthermore, they were similar in terms of the surgical results.