bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is cognitive inflexibility a missing link? The role of cognitive inflexibility, alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty in externalising and internalising behaviours in young people with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ozsivadjian Ann , Hollocks Matthew J. , Magiati Iliana , Happé Francesca , Baird Gillian , Absoud Michael
Published: August 2020

Background

Internalising (anxiety and low mood) and externalising (aggressive or outburst behaviours, and irritability) difficulties are very common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across the life span, relatively stable over time and often associated with poorer quality of life. Understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying internalising and externalising difficulties in ASD is essential for developing targeted supports and interventions. In the present study, we investigated established and less‐researched cognitive factors hypothesised to contribute to internalising and/or externalising difficulties in ASD, namely cognitive inflexibility (CI), intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and alexithymia. Based on previous models and clinical experience, we hypothesised that IU would lead to internalising symptoms, with alexithymia contributing to this pathway, and that CI would have a direct effect on externalising behaviours and may indirectly contribute to internalising symptoms via increasing IU.

Methods

Our sample consisted of 95 5‐ to 18‐year‐olds presenting to a specialist neurodevelopmental clinic and receiving a diagnosis of ASD. Parents/caregivers completed questionnaires assessing ASD symptomatology, internalising and externalising difficulties, CI, IU and alexithymia. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the hypothesised pathways and relationships between the main variables of interest.

Results

Cognitive Inflexibility played a significant direct role in the pathway from ASD symptoms to externalising symptoms in ASD, and indirect role via IU in the pathway to internalising problems. Relationships between alexithymia and both internalising and externalising symptoms were weaker, with alexithymia predicting internalising difficulties via IU only.

Conclusions

The finding of a direct pathway from CI to externalising behaviours is novel, as is the indirect role of CI in internalising symptomatology. Of the three cognitive mechanisms examined, only CI significantly predicted externalising symptoms. Possible implications for interventions and supports targeting these cognitive processes in ASD are discussed.
Effects of activated charcoal powder combined with toothpastes on enamel color change and surface properties
Authors: Palandi Samuel da Silva , Kury Matheus , Picolo Mayara Zaghi Dal , Coelho Camila Siqueira Silva , Cavalli Vanessa
Published: August 2020

Aim

To evaluate the effects of activated charcoal powder (COAL) combined with regular (RT) or whitening (WT) toothpastes on enamel color and surface in comparison to carbamide peroxide (CP).

Methods

Dental blocks (n = 10/group) were randomly divided into COAL, COAL/RT, COAL/WT, CP, CP/RT, CP/WT, RT, WT, and CONT (without treatment). Simulated toothbrushing and whitening treatments were followed by colorimetric (ΔE00, L*, a*, b*), surface roughness (Ra), and enamel topography assays. ΔE00 was submitted to two‐way ANOVA and Tukey test. Color coordinates and Ra were tested with three‐way repeated measures ANOVA (α = 5%).

Results

COAL exhibited greater ΔE00 than CONT (P = .048), but it did not enhance ΔE00 promoted by RT or WT (P > .05). COAL alone increased Ra (P < .001) and altered enamel topography. COAL did not increase Ra caused by RT and WT (P > .05). CP exhibited the highest ΔE00 (P < .05), but it raised Ra and changed enamel topography to a less extent than COAL.

Conclusion

Even though charcoal powder did not increase enamel Ra when combined with toothpastes, the topography was negatively impacted by COAL. Also, COAL was unable to enhance the color change of RT and WT, or reach the effectiveness of CP.

Clinical Significance

The use of activated charcoal‐based product, claimed as a natural whitener, before brushing with toothpastes is not only ineffective to change the color of teeth, but also it might result in alterations on the enamel surface. Whitening with CP, instead, was effective during the same period of treatment, which still represents a more appropriate technique to whiten teeth.
Movement and habitat use of striped marlin Kajikia audax in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Rohner Christoph A. , Bealey Roy , Fulanda Bernerd M. , Pierce Simon J.
Published: August 2020

Striped marlin Kajikia audax are globally Near Threatened and their stock in the Indian Ocean was last assessed as “overfished and subject to overfishing”. Significant gaps in our understanding of their ecology remain, hampering the efforts of fisheries managers to ensure stock sustainability. There is a particular lack of fisheries‐independent data. Here we present the results from the first large‐scale satellite tracking study of K. audax in the Indian Ocean. We tagged 49 K. audax with pop‐up archival satellite‐linked tags off the Kenyan coast from 2015 to 2019. Individuals were highly mobile, covering horizontal distances of up to 9187 km over periods ranging up to 183 days, with a mean daily distance of ~48 km. Long‐distance movements were recorded to the east and north of East Africa, with the most distant tracks extending north to the Arabian Sea and east to near the Maldives. None of the K. audax swam south of East Africa. Kernel utilization distributions of fish locations demonstrated their shifting seasonal activity hotspots. Over the sport‐fishing season (and tagging period) in Kenya, from December to March, K. audax typically stayed off the East African coast. After March, the activity hotspot shifted north to a region close to the Horn of Africa and Socotra Island. Remotely sensed sea surface temperature and chlorophyll‐a maps indicated that this seasonal movement could be driven by a shift in prey availability. Our results show the high mobility of K. audax in the Western Indian Ocean, and that individuals seasonally range between two major fishing areas.
Tilapia lake virus: The story so far
Authors: Surachetpong Win , Roy Sri Rajiv Kumar , Nicholson Pamela
Published: August 2020

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a highly contagious pathogen that has detrimental effects on tilapia farming. This virus was discovered in 2014 and has received tremendous global attention from the aquaculture sector due to its association with high fish mortalities and its strong economic impact on the tilapia aquaculture industry. Currently, TiLV has been reported in 16 countries, and this number is continuing to rise due to improved diagnostic assays and surveillance activities around the world. In this review, we summarize the up‐to‐date knowledge of TiLV with regard to TiLV host species, the clinical signs of a TiLV infection, the affected tissues, pathogenesis and potential disease risk factors. We also describe the reported information concerning the virus itself: its morphology, genetic make‐up and transmission pathways. We review the current methods for virus detection and potential control measures. We close the review of the TiLV story so far, by offering a commentary on the major TiLV research gaps, why these are delaying future TiLV research and why the TiLV field needs to come together and proceed as a more collaborative scientific community if there is any hope limiting the impact of this serious virus.
Virtual Articulators and Virtual Mounting Procedures: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Lepidi Luca , Galli Matthew , Mastrangelo Filiberto , Venezia Pietro , Joda Tim , Wang Hom‐Lay , Li Junying
Published: August 2020

A virtual articulator is a computer software tool that is capable of reproducing the relationship between the jaws and simulating jaw movement. It has gradually gained research interest in dentistry over the past decade. In prosthodontics, the virtual articulator should be considered as an additional diagnostic and treatment planning tool to the mechanical articulator, especially in complex cases involving alterations to the vertical dimension of occlusion. Numerous authors have reported on the available digital methodologies used for the assembly of virtual arch models in a virtual articulator, focusing their attention on topics such as the virtual facebow and digital occlusal registration. To correctly simulate jaw movement, the jaw models have to be digitalized and properly mounted on the virtual articulator. The aim of this review was to discuss the current knowledge surrounding the various techniques and methodologies related to virtual mounting in dentistry, and whether virtual articulators will become commonplace in clinical practice in the future. This review also traces the history of the virtual articulator up to its current state and discusses recently developed approaches and workflows for virtual mounting based on current knowledge and technological devices.
Temperature and photoperiod effects on dormancy status and life cycle parameters in Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti from subtropical Argentina
Authors: Garzón M. J. , Maffey L. , Lizuain A. , Soto D. , Diaz P. C. , Leporace M. , Salomón O. D. , Schweigmann N. J.
Published: August 2020

Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) distribution is bounded to a subtropical area in Argentina, while Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) covers both temperate and subtropical regions. We assessed thermal and photoperiod conditions on dormancy status, development time and mortality for these species from subtropical Argentina. Short days (8 light : 16 dark) significantly increased larval development time for both species, an effect previously linked to diapause incidence. Aedes albopictus showed higher mortality than Ae. aegypti at 16 °C under long day treatments (16 light : 8 dark), which could indicate a lower tolerance to a sudden temperature decrease during the summer season. Aedes albopictus showed a slightly higher percentage of dormant eggs from females exposed to a short day, relative to previous research in Brazilian populations. Since we employed more hours of darkness, this could suggest a relationship between day‐length and dormancy intensity. Interestingly, local Ae. aegypti presented dormancy similar to Ae. albopictus, in accordance with temperate populations. The minimum dormancy in Ae. albopictus would not be sufficient to extend its bounded distribution. We believe that these findings represent a novel contribution to current knowledge about the ecophysiology of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti, two species with great epidemiological relevance in this subtropical region.
Perspectives on blood pressure by patients on haemo‐ and peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Evangelidis Nicole , Sautenet Benedicte , Manera Karine E. , Howell Martin , Craig Jonathan C. , Viecelli Andrea K. , O'Lone Emma , Scholes‐Robertson Nicole , Johnson David W. , Cho Yeoungjee , Tomson Charles , Wheeler David C. , Tong Allison ,   for the SONG‐HD and SONG‐PD initiative
Published: August 2020

Aim

The management of blood pressure in patients requiring dialysis remains challenging and controversial. This study aimed to describe the perspectives of patients treated with peritoneal or haemodialysis regarding blood pressure, to inform patient‐centred management.

Methods

We conducted a secondary thematic analysis of qualitative data from multiple data sets derived from the Standardised Outcomes in Nephrology (SONG) initiative. We extracted and analysed the responses of adult patients (aged 18 years or over) on haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, and their caregivers. Qualitative data were extracted from 26 focus groups, two international Delphi surveys and two consensus workshops completed as part of the SONG‐Haemodialysis and SONG‐Peritoneal dialysis projects.

Results

Collectively, the studies involved 644 patients and caregivers from 86 countries. We identified four themes: helpless and incapacitated (including the subthemes of disabling and debilitating symptoms, limiting ability to work, fear of “crashes” – a sudden drop in blood pressure – forced to depend on others); dismissed and ignored (disregarded as a problem, lacking information, education and reassurance); escalating medication burden; and taking control for improved self‐management (determining thresholds in fluid management, establishing a routine for proactive monitoring).

Conclusion

Blood pressure symptoms are debilitating for patients on dialysis and exacerbated by a perceived lack of information about how to understand and manage these symptoms. More patient‐centred management of blood pressure, particularly symptom‐causing blood pressure, in patients on dialysis is likely to substantially improve patient satisfaction and outcomes.
Nomenclatural notes and typification of names in the mangrove tribe Rhizophoreae (Rhizophoraceae) of India
Authors: Naskar Saikat
Published: August 2020

The nomenclatures of the taxa of the mangrove Rhizophoraceae of India have been scrutinized and 20 names are lectotypified or neotypified. In addition, the holotypes of some names are located for the first time with clarifications provided. Since natural hybridization is common in Rhizophoraceae, its consequences for the correct application of names is also briefly discussed.
Dichorisandra forzzae sp. nov. (Commelinaceae) from Espírito Santo State, Brazil, with notes on the Dichorisandra acaulis group
Authors: Moraes Quélita S. , Pellegrini Marco O. O. , Alves‐Araújo Anderson
Published: August 2020

The Dichorisandra acaulis group has its circumscription broadened to include two additional species, viz. D. oxypetala and the herein newly described D. forzzae. Dichorisandra oxypetala has previously not been included in this morphological group due to its deviant vegetative morphology. However, its reproductive morphology is congruent with the D. acaulis group and, thus, it is here included as a member of the later. Dichorisandra forzzae is here described to accommodate the specimens with anthers dehiscent through one apical pore, erroneously identified as D. acaulis in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. We provide illustrations, taxonomic comments and an updated identification key for the species of the D. acaulis morphological group. Furthermore, a table of comparison among the morphologically similar species of the Dichorisandra acaulis group is presented.
Nutlet morphology in the tribe Elsholtzieae (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Jeon Yun‐Chang , Jang Tae‐Soo , Hong Suk‐Pyo
Published: August 2020

A comprehensive study on nutlet morphology on 46 taxa from the tribe Elsholtzieae was conducted using stereomicroscopy, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The objectives were to evaluate the nutlet characteristics in a systematics context and to provide additional evidence for taxon delimitation. The nutlet shape varied from elliptical, widely elliptical, spheroidal and ovate to pyriform. The size ranged from 0.50 to 2.70 mm in length and 0.34 to 2.65 mm in width. The three types of trichomes included simple non‐glandular trichomes (Collinsonia punctata), clavate non‐glandular trichomes (Elsholtzia cephalantha) and peltate glandular trichomes (Mosla grosseserrata and M. chinensis). We also report the presence of a mucilaginous reaction in nine species of the genus Elsholtzia in Elsholtzieae for the first time. Four types (undulate, papillae‐like projection, thorn‐like pattern and reticulate) and three subtypes (reticulate, reticulate‐cellular and supra‐reticulate) of nutlet surface patterns in the mid‐ventral region were recognized in Elsholtzieae based on the differences in cell outline, outer periclinal walls and dentations of the anticlinal walls. These nutlet micromorphological results may serve as a reference for future hypotheses on the classification of the tribe Elsholtzieae.
Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via the LIFR–Hippo–YAP pathway
Authors: Bian Shi‐Bo , Yang Yun , Liang Wen‐Quan , Zhang Ke‐Cheng , Chen Lin , Zhang Zhong‐Tao
Published: August 2020

The long‐term outcome of gastric cancer (GC) patients remains unsatisfactory despite some recent improvements. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a prognostic biomarker for some solid tumors, however its role in GC remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that LIF and LIF receptor (LIFR) are overexpressed in GC tissues and established that a correlation exists between them. LIF and LIFR expression are associated with tumor differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and pTNM stage, indicating that they may be useful prognostic factors. LIF promoted GC cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration, and tumor growth; it also promoted cell cycle progression and inhibited apoptosis; and knocking out the LIFR gene reversed the effects of LIF. LIF inhibited the activity of the Hippo pathway, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of YAP, increased YAP nuclear translocation, and increased cell proliferation. Finally, silencing YAP mRNA expression suppressed cell proliferation. Overall, the results demonstrate that LIF promotes the malignant biological behavior of GC cells through LIFR–Hippo–YAP signaling. LIF may therefore be a useful biomarker for GC.
Persistence or Partisanship: Exploring the Relationship between Presidential Administrations and Criminal Enforcement by the US Environmental Protection Agency, 1983–2019
Authors: Ozymy Joshua , Menard Bryan , Jarrell Melissa L.
Published: August 2020

Conventional analysis suggests that enforcement actions meted out by the US Environmental Protection Agency vary greatly across Democratic and Republican presidential administrations. Yet research fails to look beyond civil actions to explore how the agency engages in the criminal enforcement of environmental crimes over time or whether and how those outcomes change across partisan administrations. We explore these questions by using content analysis to build a comprehensive dataset of 2,588 criminal enforcement prosecutions, 1983–2019. The results do not suggest that outcomes under Democratic presidents are always substantially more punitive or under Republicans significantly reduced. Outcomes over time better reflect the growing sophistication and institutionalization of the enforcement process, declining budgetary realities, and the agency's organizational commitment to deter serious environmental crimes.
Translation and validation of oral health impact profile‐14 questionnaire into Indian sign language for hearing‐impaired individuals
Authors: Sulekha Shabna G. , Thomas Susan , Narayan Vivek , Gomez Mary Shimi S. , Gopal Raji
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To translate and cross‐culturally adapt the oral health impact profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) questionnaire into Indian sign language (ISL) using a video format and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods

The study was conducted among hearing‐impaired individuals attending the National Institute of Speech and Hearing, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The OHIP‑14 was translated to ISL in a video format. The content validity and face validity were assessed. The final questionnaire was renamed as OHIP‐12 ISL and was administered on 120 hearing‐impaired individuals. Oral health indicators, OHIP‐12 ISL scores, and a single‑item global question (GQ) scores were used for construct validity assessment. Internal consistency and test‐retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient. Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing OHIP‐12 ISL scores with oral health indicators by using Mann‐Whitney U test and Fischer's exact test. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating OHIP‐12 ISL scores with GQ scores and oral health indicators by using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results

The OHIP‐12 ISL demonstrated high Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.80). Average ICC coefficient was 0.98 (0.97‐0.99) and demonstrated acceptable construct validity.

Conclusions

Translated and culturally adapted OHIP‐12 ISL is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the OHRQoL among hearing impaired in India.
A cladistic insight into the higher level classification of Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera)
Authors: Cruz Paulo Vilela , Nieto Carolina , Gattolliat Jean‐Luc , Salles Frederico Falcão , Hamada Neusa
Published: August 2020

Baetidae was one of the first families established for mayflies (Ephemeroptera). After more than 200 years of progressive research, Baetidae is now known as the most species‐rich family in the order. Two competing proposals of family division were proposed: Cloeoninae and Baetinae, or Protopatellata and Anteropatellata. Both classifications were established without cladistic support. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the family Baetidae using morphological evidence and evaluate these classification schemes. The matrix included 245 morphological characters derived from larval and adult stages across 164 species in 98 genera. The resulting tree recovered Anteropatellata, Protopatellata and Cloeoninae as not monophyletic; Baetinae and Baetovectata were recovered as monophyletic with the same circumscription. Subimaginal and imaginal characters presented the lowest homoplastic values and were the best to understand the higher relationships.
The novel HLA‐C*14:02:34 allele identified in a healthy individual from Brazil
Authors: Stelet Vinícius N. , Cita Rafael F. , Mendes Maristela F. , Souza Tonny L. , Abdelhay Eliana
Published: August 2020

Identification of the novel HLA‐C*14:02:34 allele that differs from HLA‐C*14:02:01 at one position in exon 1.
The novel HLA‐B*42:02:02 allele identified in a Brazilian family
Authors: Stelet Vinícius N. , Cita Rafael F. , Mendes Maristela F. , Nogueira Diones P. , Abdelhay Eliana
Published: August 2020

Identification of the novel HLA‐B*42:02:02 allele that differs from HLA‐B*42:02:01 at one position in exon 4.
Identification of the novel HLA‐C*05:230 allele in a Brazilian individual
Authors: Romero Matilde , Stelet Vinícius N. , Nogueira Christina , Cita Rafael F. , Abdelhay Eliana
Published: August 2020

HLA‐C*05:230 differs from C*05:01:01:02 at one position in exon 3.
Toward defining the immunogenicity of HLA epitopes: Impact of HLA class I eplets on antibody formation during pregnancy
Authors: Hönger Gideon , Niemann Matthias , Schawalder Lara , Jones James , van Heck Michelle R. , van de Pasch Loes A. L. , Vendelbosch Sanne , Rozemuller Erik H. , Hösli Irene , Blümel Sarah , Schaub Stefan
Published: August 2020

Eplets are functional units of structural epitopes on donor HLA, potentially recognized by complementarity‐determining regions of the paratope of the recipients' B‐cell receptors or antibodies (Ab). Their individual immunogenicity is poorly described, yet this feature would be of clinical importance for pretransplant risk assessment. The aim of this study was to determine the relative immunogenicity of HLA class I eplets in the pregnancy setting, where mismatched eplets are present on paternal HLA antigens of the unborn child. One hundred fifty‐nine predominantly Caucasian mothers giving birth at the University Hospital Basel and their first newborns were HLA‐typed at high‐resolution by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) (NGSgo Workflow and NGSengine from GenDx; sequencing with a Miseq from Illumina) and eplets were determined using HLAMatchmaker. HLA class I specific IgG Ab was assessed in maternal sera drawn immediately after full‐term delivery, by OneLambda LABScreen single antigen ibeads. The Ab profile was subsequently evaluated for eplet‐associated patterns. All 72 currently Ab‐verified HLA class I eplets were examined for their immunogenicity according to the frequency of child‐specific HLA Ab (CSA) directed against their structures. Four hundred twelve of 477 (86.4%) paternal HLA‐A, ‐B or ‐C alleles were mismatched. CSA were present in 46 mothers (28.9%), directed against 80 (19.4%) of these mismatches. The 10 most immunogenic eplets were 62GK, 145KHA, 144TKH, 62GE, 107W, 80I, 82LR, 41T, 127K, 45KE with immunogenicity rates between 45.8% and 27.3%. This pregnancy study also identified five non‐reactive eplets: 62RR, 76ESN, 80TLR, 156DA, 163RW. Based on our results, immunogenic hot and cold spots on the surface of HLA class I molecules were localized and visualized on 3D models. This study strengthens the presumption that different eplets represent different immunogenic potentials. Validation of these results in the clinical transplant setting is an essential next step in identifying those eplets representing a particularly high‐risk potential.
Development and performance characteristics of Platelet Virtual Crossmatch (PLT VXM), a software application for the evaluation and management of platelet transfusion–refractory patients
Authors: Juskewitch Justin E. , Gandhi Manish J. , Kreuter Justin D. , Norgan Andrew P.
Published: August 2020

Background

Platelet (PLT) transfusion refractoriness increases bleeding complications, hospital stays, and PLT inventory usage. Immune‐mediated refractoriness can be evaluated for using a physical PLT crossmatch with ABO‐compatible inventory and, if positive, managed with HLA‐compatible PLT inventory and donors. Manual completion of these complex tasks can be time‐consuming and potentially error‐prone. This study was conducted to determine if a Web‐based software application could improve process efficiency and accuracy.

Study Design and Methods

Workflow analysis was performed to identify process, data, and analytic requirements for a software application for three PLT transfusion‐refractoriness associated tasks: (a) physical PLT crossmatch inventory selection, (b) HLA‐compatible inventory selection, and (c) HLA‐compatible donor selection. After software application development, a comparison study was performed over 10 consecutive days, with each task performed manually and with the software application (Platelet Virtual Crossmatch [PLT VXM]) for a different unique immune‐mediated PLT transfusion–refractory recipient. Task completion time, number of incompatible units/donors presented, and number of documentation errors were compared.

Results

PLT VXM is a Web‐based software application developed using R and the Shiny Web application framework. PLT VXM significantly reduced median task completion times by 4.5 (49%), 11.2 (79%), and 59.1 minutes (94%), respectively. PLT VXM did not present any incompatible PLT units or donors for user consideration. PLT VXM also had a lower number of documentation errors than the manual process, and none of these documentation errors were software generated.

Conclusion

Computer‐aided evaluation and management of immune‐mediated PLT transfusion–refractory recipients can significantly improve workflow and reduce manual errors in this complex process.
The Swedish Scandinavian donations and transfusions database (SCANDAT3‐S) – 50 years of donor and recipient follow‐up
Authors: Zhao Jingcheng , Rostgaard Klaus , Hjalgrim Henrik , Edgren Gustaf
Published: August 2020

Background

The two previous versions of the Scandinavian donations and transfusions (SCANDAT) databases, encompassing data on blood donors, blood components, transfusions, and transfused patients linked to national health registers in Sweden and Denmark up until 2012, have been used to study donor health, disease transmission, the role of donor characteristics, and more.

Study Design and Methods

Here we describe the creation of the Swedish portion of the third iteration of SCANDAT – SCANDAT3‐S – with follow‐up from 1968 to the end of 2017, resulting in up to 50 years of uninterrupted follow‐up for donors and recipients. The database now also includes non‐transfused non‐donors with a blood typing result, increased temporal resolution for transfusions, and linkages to laboratory and drug prescription data.

Results

After data cleaning, the database contained 23 579 863 donation records, 21 383 317 transfusion records, and 8 071 066 unique persons with valid identification. In total, the database offers 28 638 436 person‐years of follow‐up for donors, 13 582 350 person‐years of follow‐up for transfusion recipients, and 65 613 639 person‐years of follow‐up for non‐recipient non‐donors, with possibility for future extension. Additionally, the database includes 167 820 412 dispense records for prescribed drugs and 316,338,442 laboratory test results. Since the latest update in 2012, >99.9% of all donations were traceable to a donor with valid identification, and >97% of all transfusions to a recipient with valid identification.

Conclusion

With extended follow‐up and more clinical detail, the Swedish portion of the third and latest iteration of the SCANDAT database should allow for more comprehensive analysis of donation and transfusion‐related research questions.
Peripheral extent of the choroidal circulation by ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography in healthy eyes
Authors: Verma Aditya , Maram Jyotsna , Alagorie Ahmed Roshdy , van Hemert Jano , Bell Darren J , Singer Michael , Keane Dana , Carnevale Jessica , Nittala Muneeswar , Sadda SriniVas
Published: August 2020

Aim

To analyse the peripheral extent of choroidal circulation using ultra-widefield (UWF) indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in healthy eyes.

Methods

UWF ICGA images of 55 eyes of 36 healthy subjects were captured using the Optos California (Optos, Dunfermline, United Kingdom) in this prospective observational study. Images were analysed to locate the peripheral extent of the visible choroidal circulation, and the boundary was marked in ImageJ (v1.52). Each pixel annotated as the border of the choroidal circulation was projected individually to its anatomically correct location on the three-dimensional model eye, and spherical trigonometry was applied (using the Optos software) to calculate its respective radial distance from the centre of the optic disc in metric units (corrected by stereographic projection) for each quadrant.

Results

The mean area of the peripheral extent was estimated to be 893.2 mm2 (95% CI: 844.2 to 942.3 mm2). The mean distance (range) of this boundary from optic nerve centre was 18.22 mm (95% CI: 14.0 to 23.14 mm). Multiple regression analysis with age, gender, axial length or ethnicity showed no relationship. There was excellent inter-grader reproducibility, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.80 to 0.99, p<0.001) for distance and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.988 to 0.999, p<0.001) for area measurements.

Conclusions

The peripheral choroidal boundary may be defined using UWF ICGA. Knowledge of the normal extent and its variability is essential to understand the impact of disease on the choroidal vasculature.
Proportionate Flow Shop Scheduling with Two Competing Agents to Minimize Weighted Late Work and Weighted Number of Late Jobs
Authors: Chen Ren-Xia , Li Shi-Sheng
Published: August 2020

We investigate a competitive two-agent scheduling problem in the setting of proportionate flow shop, where the job processing times are machine-independent. The scheduling criterion of one agent is to minimize its total weighted late work, and the scheduling criterion of the other agent is to minimize its total weighted number of late jobs. The goal is to find the Pareto-optimal curve (i.e., the set of all Pareto-optimal points) and identify a corresponding Pareto-optimal schedule for each Pareto-optimal point. An exact pseudo-polynomial-time algorithm and an [Formula: see text]-approximate Pareto-optimal curve are designed to solve the problem, respectively.
Reconstruction of warm Chaplygin gas inflationary models
Authors: Jawad Abdul , Rani Shamaila , Bamba Kazuharu , Azhar Nadeem
Published: August 2020

By assuming the specific Chaplygin gas model, we study the reconstruction of warm inflation model with the help of tensor-to-scalar ratio [Formula: see text] and scalar spectral index [Formula: see text]. In this regard, we take flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) metric and discuss the general forms of dissipative coefficient [Formula: see text] as well as effective potential [Formula: see text] for two dissipative regimes i.e., the weak and strong. We use inflationary parameters such as slow-roll parameters, power spectrum of the curvature perturbation, tensor spectrum, spectral index, scalar-to-tensor ratio and Hubble parameter to find the generalized form of dissipative coefficient and effective potential. We discuss the results of dissipative coefficient and reconstructed potential in detail for the specific choice of tensor-to-scalar ratio [Formula: see text] and scalar spectral index [Formula: see text].
Genetic Algorithm Based Resource Minimization in Network Code Based Peer-to-Peer Network
Authors: Anandaraj M. , Selvaraj K. , Ganeshkumar P. , Rajkumar K. , Sriram S.
Published: August 2020

Block scheduling is difficult to implement in P2P network since there is no central coordinator. This problem can be solved by employing network coding technique which allows intermediate nodes to perform the coding operation instead of store and forward the received data. There is a general assumption in this area of research so far that a target download rate is always attainable at every peer as long as coding operation is performed at all the nodes in the network. An interesting study is made that a maximum download rate can be attained by performing the coding operation at relatively small portion of the network. The problem of finding the minimal set of node to perform the coding operation and links to carry the coded data is called as a network code minimization problem (NCMP). It is proved to be an NP hard problem. It can be solved using genetic algorithm (GA) because GA can be used to solve the diverse NP hard problem. A new NCMP model which considers both minimize the resources needed to perform coding operation and dynamic change in network topology due to disconnection is proposed. Based on this new NCMP model, an effective and novel GA is proposed by implementing problem specific GA operators into the evolutionary process. There is an attempt to implement the different compositions and several options of GA elements which worked well in many other problems and pick the one that works best for this resource minimization problem. Our simulation results prove that the proposed system outperforms the random selection and coding at all possible node mechanisms in terms of both download time and system throughput.
Human Activity Recognition-Oriented Incremental Learning with Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Chen Caijuan , Ota Kaoru , Dong Mianxiong , Yu Chen , Jin Hai
Published: August 2020

Recently, a variety of different machine learning methods improve the applicability of activity recognition systems in different scenarios. For many current activity recognition models, it is assumed that all data are prepared well in advance and the device has no storage space limitation. However, the process of the sensor data collection is dynamically changing over time, the activity category may be continuously increasing, and the device has limited storage space. Therefore, in this study, we propose a novel class incremental learning comprehensive solution towards activity recognition with knowledge distillation. Besides, we develop the representative sample selection method to select and update a specific number of preserved old samples. When new activity classes samples arrive, we only need the new classes samples and the representative old samples to preserve the network’s performance for old classes while identifying the new classes. Finally, we carry out experiments using two different public datasets, and they show good accuracy for old and new categories. Besides, the method can significantly reduce the space required to store old classes samples.
Fuzzy-Based Reliability Prediction Model for Secure Routing Protocol Using GA and TLBO for Implementation of Black Hole Attacks in WSN
Authors: Nosratian Sajad , Moradkhani Masoud , Tavakoli Mohammad Bagher
Published: August 2020

This study manifests a fuzzy-based trust prediction model for detecting malicious nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSN) by preventing black hole attack. Besides, a new routing protocol based on the shortest path and trust to the path nodes is presented with a fuzzy estimator, which uses the data mining methods to detect the malicious nodes (black holes). In a black hole attack, a malicious node selects the RREP (Route Replay) message as the shortest path from the source node to the destination node. After that, the packet sent to the malicious node is not received by the network. Eventually, the malicious node releases the entire data packet instead of sending it to the destination node. Optimal path selection is performed according to different algorithms on the objective function and its results are observed for route selection. After defining the objective function, different algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) are utilized for routing. For each algorithm, the objective function for the most secure node is evaluated and simulated based on the parameters defined in fuzzy logic. Based on the simulation results under MATLAB software, TLBO algorithm has obtained the best response for path selection with the least cost for the target performance. Significantly, the proposed method is simple and based on the exchange of control packets between the sensor node and the base station. In accession, the results show that the proposed algorithms are effective in detecting and preventing black hole attacks.
n-Permutability is not join-prime for n ≥ 5
Authors: Gyenizse Gergő , Maróti Miklós , Zádori László
Published: August 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be the variety generated by an order primal algebra of finite signature associated with a finite bounded poset [Formula: see text] that admits a near-unanimity operation. Let [Formula: see text] be a finite set of linear identities that does not interpret in [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the variety defined by [Formula: see text]. We prove that [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-permutable for some [Formula: see text]. This implies that there is an [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]-permutability is not join-prime in the lattice of interpretability types of varieties. In fact, it follows that [Formula: see text]-permutability where [Formula: see text] runs through the integers greater than 1 is not prime in the lattice of interpretability types of varieties.

We strengthen this result by making [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] more special. We let [Formula: see text] be the 6-element bounded poset that is not a lattice and [Formula: see text] the variety defined by the set of majority identities for a ternary operational symbol [Formula: see text]. We prove in this case that [Formula: see text] is 5-permutable. This implies that [Formula: see text]-permutability is not join-prime in the lattice of interpretability types of varieties whenever [Formula: see text]. We also provide an example demonstrating that [Formula: see text] is not 4-permutable.
Photon induced KΛ production on the proton in the low energy region
Authors: Fatima A. , Dar Z. Ahmad , Athar M. Sajjad , Singh S. K.
Published: August 2020

The associated photoproduction of [Formula: see text] from the proton in the low energy region is studied using an isobar model in which the nonresonant contributions are obtained from the nonlinear sigma model with chiral SU(3) symmetry which predicts, in a natural way, the contact term with its coupling strength along with the coupling strengths of the various Born terms predicted by the nonlinear sigma model. The present model is an extension of the nonlinear sigma model with chiral SU(2) symmetry, used earlier to study the photo, electro, and neutrino productions of pions. In the resonance sector, the contributions from the well established nucleon resonances ([Formula: see text]) in the [Formula: see text] channel, the hyperon resonances ([Formula: see text]) in the [Formula: see text] channel, and the kaon resonances ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) in the [Formula: see text] channel having spin [Formula: see text] and mass [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV with a significant branching ratio in [Formula: see text] decay mode, have been considered. The strong and electromagnetic couplings of the [Formula: see text] channel nucleon resonances are taken from experiments while the couplings for the resonances in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] channels are fitted to reproduce the current data on the associated photoproduction of [Formula: see text] in this energy region. The numerical results are presented for the total and differential cross-sections and are compared with the available experimental data from CLAS and SAPHIR as well as with some of the recent theoretical models.
DETERMINISTIC PREDATOR–PREY MODELS WITH DISEASE IN THE PREY POPULATION
Authors: JANG SOPHIA R.-J. , WEI HSIU-CHUAN
Published: August 2020

A class of deterministic predator–prey systems, where the prey population is subject to an infectious disease, is studied. The disease can be transmitted both horizontally and vertically within the host population but cannot be spread between the two trophic levels. Using the mathematical tools of uniform persistence, we derive sufficient conditions for which the interacting populations can coexist. Criteria based on model parameters for which either only the infected prey or healthy prey persists are also provided. It is found through numerical investigations that predation can change competition outcomes between healthy and infected prey populations. Depending on the parameter regimes and initial conditions, predation can either eradicate or promote the disease. As infected prey provides a resource for the predators, disease may promote persistence of the predators. However, infected prey may dominate the predator–prey community if disease is very infectious. In addition, disease in the prey population can mediate a hydra effect in predators and may induce chaotic interactions.
MULTIVARIATE AFFINE FRACTAL INTERPOLATION
Authors: NAVASCUÉS M. A. , KATIYAR S. K. , CHAND A. K. B.
Published: August 2020

Fractal interpolation functions capture the irregularity of some data very effectively in comparison with the classical interpolants. They yield a new technique for fitting experimental data sampled from real world signals, which are usually difficult to represent using the classical approaches. The affine fractal interpolants constitute a generalization of the broken line interpolation, which appears as a particular case of the linear self-affine functions for specific values of the scale parameters. We study the [Formula: see text] convergence of this type of interpolants for [Formula: see text] extending in this way the results available in the literature. In the second part, the affine approximants are defined in higher dimensions via product of interpolation spaces, considering rectangular grids in the product intervals. The associate operator of projection is considered. Some properties of the new functions are established and the aforementioned operator on the space of continuous functions defined on a multidimensional compact rectangle is studied.
FRACTAL DIMENSIONS OF LINEAR COMBINATION OF CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS WITH THE SAME BOX DIMENSION
Authors: Wang XUEFEI , ZHAO CHUNXIA
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we mainly discuss continuous functions with certain fractal dimensions on [Formula: see text]. We find space of continuous functions with certain Box dimension is not closed. Furthermore, Box dimension of linear combination of two continuous functions with the same Box dimension maybe does not exist. Definitions of fractal functions and local fractal functions have been given. Linear combination of a fractal function and a local fractal function with the same Box dimension must still be the original Box dimension with nontrivial coefficients.
ON SOME EXCEPTIONAL SETS IN ENGEL EXPANSIONS AND HAUSDORFF DIMENSIONS
Authors: LIU JIA
Published: August 2020

For any [Formula: see text], let the infinite series [Formula: see text] be the Engel expansion of [Formula: see text]. Suppose [Formula: see text] is a strictly increasing function with [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be defined as the sets of numbers [Formula: see text] for which the limit, upper limit and lower limit of [Formula: see text] is equal to [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we qualify the size of the set [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the sense of Hausdorff dimension and show that these three dimensions can be different.
INTERMEDIATE ASSOUAD-LIKE DIMENSIONS FOR MEASURES
Authors: HARE KATHRYN E. , HARE KEVIN G.
Published: August 2020

The upper and lower Assouad dimensions of a metric space are local variants of the box dimensions of the space and provide quantitative information about the ‘thickest’ and ‘thinnest’ parts of the set. Less extreme versions of these dimensions for sets have been introduced, including the upper and lower quasi-Assouad dimensions, [Formula: see text]-Assouad spectrum, and [Formula: see text]-dimensions. In this paper, we study the analogue of the upper and lower [Formula: see text]-dimensions for measures. We give general properties of such dimensions, as well as more specific results for self-similar measures satisfying various separation properties and discrete measures.
A NOTE ON TOPOLOGY OF FRACTAL SQUARES WITH ORDER THREE
Authors: LUO JUN , YAO XIAO-TING
Published: August 2020

We consider a family of fractal squares, denoted as [Formula: see text]. Each of them satisfies the set equation [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. It is known that two of these fractal squares are Lipschitz equivalent if and only if they are isometrically equivalent. The aim of our study is to improve this by replacing Lipschitz equivalence with topological equivalence. To this end, we shall investigate the group [Formula: see text] of all homeomorphisms of a fractal square [Formula: see text] that has a cut point and show that [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text].
LOCAL FRACTIONAL OSTROWSKI-TYPE INEQUALITIES INVOLVING GENERALIZED h-CONVEX FUNCTIONS AND SOME APPLICATIONS FOR GENERALIZED MOMENTS
Authors: SUN WENBING
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we establish some local fractional Ostrowski-type integral inequalities for generalized [Formula: see text]-convex functions on real linear fractal set [Formula: see text]. We present two examples to illustrate our main results. As applications, we establish some local fractional integral inequalities involving generalized moments of continuous random variables to estimate the bounds of generalized moments.
On a question of H. A. Schwarz
Authors: Patterson S. J.
Published: August 2020

This work described here is part of a project to document the life and work of Kurt Heegner (1893–1965) whose papers have been deposited in the Handschriftenabteilung of the SUB Göttingen. The question with which this paper is concerned is the rationality of the variety which describes the connection of the volume of a tetrahedron with its side-lengths (Cayley–Menger formula).
Existence of densities for stochastic evolution equations driven by fractional Brownian motion
Authors: de Nascimento Jorge A. , Ohashi Alberto
Published: August 2020

In this work, we prove a version of Hörmander’s theorem for a stochastic evolution equation driven by a trace-class fractional Brownian motion with Hurst exponent [Formula: see text] and an analytic semigroup on a given separable Hilbert space. In contrast to the classical finite-dimensional case, the Jacobian operator in typical solutions of parabolic stochastic PDEs is not invertible which causes a severe difficulty in expressing the Malliavin matrix in terms of an adapted process. Under a Hörmander’s bracket condition and some algebraic constraints on the vector fields combined with the range of the semigroup, we prove that the law of finite-dimensional projections of such solutions has a density with respect to Lebesgue measure. The argument is based on rough path techniques and a suitable analysis on the Gaussian space of the fractional Brownian motion.