bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smoking in Italy in 2015-2016: Prevalence, Trends, Roll-your-own Cigarettes, and Attitudes towards Incoming Regulations
Authors: Lugo Alessandra , Zuccaro Piergiorgio , Pacifici Roberta , Gorini Giuseppe , Colombo Paolo , La Vecchia Carlo , Gallus Silvano
Published: June 2017

Purpose

In 2016, a series of selective tobacco regulations, which did not affect tobacco price, came into force in Italy. To understand how Italians accepted the new norms, we analyzed data from our 2 most recent surveys among those we annually conduct on tobacco.

Methods

In 2015 and 2016, we conducted 2 representative cross-sectional studies focused on the new forthcoming tobacco legislation on a total sample of 6,046 Italians aged ≥15 years.

Results

Overall, 21.4% of Italians (26.0% of men and 17.2% of women) were current smokers, showing a small but significant decrease in smoking prevalence since 2007 (p for trend = 0.004). No change in smoking prevalence was observed over the last decade among the young (i.e., 15-24 years; 20.1% in 2015-2016). Roll-your-own cigarettes were the most frequent tobacco product for 8.3% of adult smokers and 19.7% of young smokers. According to the attitudes of Italians towards the new regulations, 91.3% supported the smoking ban in cars in presence of minors, 90.2% a more stringent enforcement of the tobacco sales-to-minors regulation, 74.3% the introduction of shocking pictorial images on tobacco packs, and 63.2% the removal from the market of small cigarette packs, usually purchased by the young.

Conclusions

Smoking prevalence only marginally decreased over the last decade among adults, but did not decrease among the young. Roll-your-own tobacco is increasingly used by adults and young people. Before the entrance of the new norms, Italians largely supported them, particularly those targeting children.
Management of Tarsometatarsal Joint Injuries
Authors: Weatherford Brian M. , Anderson John G. , Bohay Donald R.
Published: June 2017

Joint disruptions to the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint complex, also known as the Lisfranc joint, represent a broad spectrum of pathology from subtle athletic sprains to severe crush injuries. Although injuries to the TMT joint complex are uncommon, when missed, they may lead to pain and dysfunction secondary to posttraumatic arthritis and arch collapse. An understanding of the appropriate anatomy, mechanism, physical examination, and imaging techniques is necessary to diagnose and treat injuries of the TMT joints. Nonsurgical management is indicated in select patients who maintain reduction of the TMT joints under physiologic stress. Successful surgical management of these injuries is predicated on anatomic reduction and stable fixation. Open reduction and internal fixation remains the standard treatment, although primary arthrodesis has emerged as a viable option for certain types of TMT joint injuries.
Association Between Opioid Intake and Disability After Surgical Management of Ankle Fractures
Authors: Finger Abigail , Teunis Teun , Hageman Michiel G. , Ziady Emily R. , Ring David , Heng Marilyn
Published: June 2017

Background:

Opioid-centric pain management strategies have created an epidemic of prescription opioid abuse. This study assesses whether opioid intake is associated with disability, satisfaction with treatment, and pain at the time of suture removal and at 5 to 8 months after suture removal following open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures.

Methods:

We enrolled 102 adult patients in the study at the time of suture removal, 59 of whom were available for follow-up at 5 to 8 months. At the time of suture removal, we recorded opioid use; trauma-related factors; and scores on measures of disability, pain, and treatment satisfaction. Patients who were available for follow-up completed the disability, pain, and treatment satisfaction measures at 5 to 8 months and their opioid use at that time was recorded.

Results:

No association was found between opioid intake and disability at the time of suture removal. No association was found between opioid intake and satisfaction with treatment or satisfaction with pain management at the time of suture removal. At 5 to 8 months after suture removal, no variables were associated with opioid intake. The psychologic measures of pain anxiety and catastrophic thinking were the factors most consistently associated with disability, treatment satisfaction, satisfaction with pain management, pain at rest, and pain with activity at both of the time points.

Conclusion:

Patients with ankle fractures may be able to use fewer opioids than are currently prescribed and experience levels of disability and treatment satisfaction comparable with those of patients who take greater amounts of opioids, independent of injury characteristics.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic level II
The Timing and Relevance of Relapsed Deformity in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfoot
Authors: Sangiorgio Sophia Nicole , Ebramzadeh Edward , Morgan Rebecca D. , Zionts Lewis E.
Published: June 2017

Background:

The timing and relevance of relapsed deformity after correction of idiopathic clubfoot have not been well documented.

Methods:

All patients with idiopathic clubfoot seen at the authors’ institution during the study period who were followed for ≥2 years (range, 2.0 to 9.8 years) were included (N = 191). Survival analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results:

The median age at first relapse was 20 months. The probability of relapse remained approximately 30% at age 2 years and increased to 45% by 4 years and 52% by 6 years. Parent-reported adherence with bracing reduced the odds of a relapse by 15 times (P < 0.01). After an initial relapse, adherence with bracing was successful in avoiding a subsequent relapse in 68% of patients. Feet graded as very severe on the Diméglio scale were 5.75 times more likely to relapse than those graded severe and were 7.27 times more likely than those graded as moderate.

Discussion:

Patients whose parents reported nonadherence with bracing and patients with very severe deformities were most likely to relapse. After an initial relapse, regaining correction of the foot and resuming bracing were beneficial to avoid further relapses. These findings can be useful to clinicians in advising families regarding the prognosis of treatment.

Conclusions:

The development of a relapse affects the subsequent management and outcome of clubfoot deformity. The importance of bracing should be reinforced to parents. Bracing until at least age 4 years may be beneficial. For patients whose families are especially resistant to brace use and for older patients who experience a second relapse, regaining correction of the deformity via cast treatment followed by an Achilles lengthening procedure and/or tendon transfer may be the best alternative.
Traces of Teaching Methods in a Language Class and the Relationship between Teacher’s Intended Learning Outcomes and Students’ Uptake
Authors: Mahmoudabadi Zahra
Published: June 2017

This study has two main objectives: first, to find traces of teaching methods in a language class and second, to study the relationship between intended learning outcomes and uptake, which is defined as what students claim to have learned. In order to identify the teaching method, after five sessions of observation, class activities and procedures were compared with typical techniques of previous methods. The findings showed that the teacher’s method was an eclectic one which mostly followed CLT guidelines along with utilizing techniques from some other methods such as GTM, DM, and ALM. In the study of uptake, the students were given uptake charts (for vocabulary and grammar items) at the end of each session and based on their reports of uptaken items, it was concluded that uptake can reflect the intended learning outcomes and instructional procedures to a good extent, specifically for grammar items. Regarding idiosyncrasy of uptake, it was not found to be remarkably idiosyncratic, i.e. there was not much individual variation among learners’ reported uptake.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 9, No. 3
Authors: Xiao Maple
Published: June 2017

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2017.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Management and Sustainability, Vol. 7, No. 2
Authors: Xiao Maple
Published: June 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Management and Sustainability, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2017.
Civil Liability of Employers against Workers
Authors: Balvardi Keyvan Daryabeigi
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to determine civil liability arising from the exercise of employee and employer. The terms of realization of civil liability include the general and specific conditions and of important theories about civil liability of employers against workers is the risk and fault theory. The popular legal opinion is that employer's liability is based on the fault assumption which refers to a fault-based liability where the fault is assumed and doesn’t need proof. But it seems the base of sum of the employer's liability is sum and integration of risk theories and the fault assumption because in the fault assumption we see the individual’s assumed liability that he/she can proofing lack of fault or failure come out from liability burden. Despite the respect for civil rights doctrine, in the opinion of the writer (author) perhaps we can’t present a recorded and definite basis for employer's liability, as most lawyers believe. So what is in the law is the collective result of the integration fault assumption and derivatives of risk theory. In this study, conducted using descriptive – analytical, to identify the various intellectual foundations on raised issue, the Legal Opinions, law of common law and Romano-Germanic in this article are referred to different approaches on the issue ahead be explained.
Investigating Some Cases on Executive Immunity of States
Authors: Balvardi Keyvan Daryabeigi
Published: June 2017

Immunity from execution means that the criminal court verdict against a natural person who is resident in the country as a foreign government’s representative is not enforceable. Its philosophy is the good performance of diplomatic missions and compliance with the general principle of the sovereignty of states whereby no state should be judged by another state or another state’s laws are applied to it. Despite some views that under certain circumstances and with certain existential context continue to invoke the immunity, there is no doubt that the dominant approach of courts in civilized societies is to accept the immunity of property and governing activities of states and to reject their immunity about their possessive properties and activities. Here we review some proceedings which can clearly demonstrate through argumentative and legal bases that the sovereignty of the politics over the law and justice is already over.The following cases will be examined in this study: Swiss company NOGA vs. Russian Federation, the US company Creighton vs. the State of Qatar, Swiss company Ektimon vs. the Government of the Socialist Republic of Libya, and the Central Bank of Iran vs. Peterson.
The Role of State Attorney General in Prevention of Crime Occurrence
Authors: Safraei Mahmoudreza , Kousha Jafar
Published: June 2017

Nowadays, wide span and diversity of new types of crime have provoked a social crisis. To prevent the crime, various reactions have been revealed in different societies. However, such responses are originated in retributive and intimidation thoughts. Public opinion and lack of knowledge in properly treating with crimes have been the main reasons why governments tend to repressive reactions, while prevention of crime occurrence topics should be considered in the first priority of crime policies of countries. Attorney general’s appearance in prevention realm is complicated and sensitive and deemed as a most challenging subject. Because he in charge of public prosecutor is the keeper of individuals, social, government, people’s benefits and guardian of social security. But his range of intervention is under question and is a serious and challenging argument. The present study aims to know the different kinds of challenges and available solutions in the light of explaining the dissuasive methods and also to prevent the increasing of crimes number and social security threat by the most effective tools and prevention methods and perform our duties favorably and properly in accordance with meet the needs of criminal justice goals. The method used in this study is analytic-descriptive and is prepared using library valid documents and books. We conclude that in social prevention level, the governmental organizations are not the only effective and responsible but by considering international experiences in performing patterns of prevention management, it seems that performing prevention plans through social institutions and NGOs (particularly in social prevention)is highly effective in crime occurrence prevention.
‘Een feit is geen feit’: repliek/dupliek over feitenloze of feitenrijke wetenschap
Authors: Metze Tamara
Published: June 2017

Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.
Een verbindende verzorgingsstaat. Over burgerschap, zorg en (super)diversiteit
Authors: Kremer Monique
Published: June 2017

In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
Een multidimensioneel perspectief op ongelijke diversiteit: aanknopingspunten voor inclusief beleid
Authors: van der Haar Marleen
Published: June 2017

In this feature authors discuss recent research findings that are of interest to readers of Beleid en Maatschappij.
Quando a criança nasce doente: A subjetividade do infante e as relações familiares
Authors: Almeida Bruna Rocha de , Rocha Paula Melgaço da
Published: June 2017

A presença de patologia orgânica grave na criança permite investigar uma das modalidades pelas quais a constituição subjetiva sofre seus efeitos. Nesses casos, a condição psíquica, longe de ser conseqüência direta da patologia orgânica, configura um complexo jogo identificatório imaginário da relação que o campo social (em especial os cuidadores) estabelece com a criança. Muitas vezes, os pais de crianças que nascem com doenças graves não conseguem ver um futuro para elas e passam a tratá-las como impotentes: como sem o poder de realizar o desejo parental. Esse fato pode resultar num desinvestimento de libido parental sobre essas crianças e em prejuízos para a sua constituição subjetiva. O presente trabalho faz uma elucidação teórica sobre a incidência de uma doença grave na infância. Para melhor compreensão foi usado um caso clínico como exemplo.
Ruídos e Silêncios de um Corpo na Cidade: paradoxos da produção da diferença no contemporâneo
Authors: Ribeiro Elton Silva , Baptista Luis Antonio
Published: June 2017

O tema da inclusão social e do combate às práticas de intolerância ao diverso são questões marcantes nas ações da saúde mental da atualidade. A cidade nestes projetos ganha destaque como espaço de consolidação de direitos civis, porém a polissemia política do que seja a urbe, a diferença ou o direito civil nem sempre está presente. A cidade corre o risco de tornar-se um cenário neutro despojado da força desacomodadora dos paradoxos criados pelas tramas humanas. Este artigo objetiva investigar a produção da diferença na experiência urbana, assim como as questões éticas inerentes a essa produção. À luz das contribuições teóricas de Roland Barthes e Michel Foucault, entre outros autores, pretende refletir sobre os paradoxos presentes na afirmação da potência da diferença no dia a dia de uma cidade, assim como a neutralização de sua força capaz de problematizar as ações inclusivas da saúde mental.
Representações sociais do meio ambiente para pessoas de diferentes faixas etárias
Authors: Polli Gislei Mocelin , Camargo Brigido Vizeu
Published: June 2017

Há algumas décadas o modo de pensar o meio ambiente vem pensando por mudanças. A visão que o meio ambiente servia para atender as necessidades humanas deu lugar à ideia de que os seres humanos são parte dele e que ele deve ser cuidado. Este estudo buscou identificar atitudes e representações sociais do meio ambiente de pessoas de diferentes faixas etárias. Para tanto foi utilizada a escala NEP (New Environmental Paradigm) que mede atitudes frente ao meio ambiente. Foram investigadas as representações sociais dos respondentes sobre o meio ambiente, através da realização de uma análise de contraste através do programa Alceste. Participaram da pesquisa 150 pessoas, divididas em 3 faixas etárias. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os respondentes de diferentes idades e todos os respondentes parecem estar de acordo com a nova maneira de pensar o meio ambiente, reconhecendo sua fragilidade e a necessidade de cuidado que ele demanda.
Representações sociais de término de relacionamentos amorosos em músicas do sertanejo universitário
Authors: Schlösser Adriano , Camargo Brigido Vizeu , Marcon Amanda Nogara , Morais Daniela Xavier
Published: June 2017

Das etapas de um relacionamento amoroso, o término da relação constitui-se como uma das mais difíceis de vivenciar pelas pessoas. As músicas, em suas letras, tentam exprimir sentimentos provenientes deste rompimento. O objetivo central deste estudo foi investigar as representações sociais de término de relacionamentos amorosos, presentes em canções do estilo musical denominado sertanejo universitário. Foram analisadas 211 letras musicais, submetidas à análise lexical no software ALCESTE. Os resultados e análises apontam diferentes sentimentos e comportamentos derivados deste rompimento afetivo, devido a distintos estágios vivenciados deste sofrimento, tanto por parte de quem rompeu a relação quanto de quem foi abandonado.
Research and psychosocial intervention with families of children and adolescents with eating disorders and obesity
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Alexina , Mugarte Ilckmans Bergma Tonha Moreira , Nogueira Heron Flores , Cavalcante Aldenira Barbosa , Melo Vladimir de Araújo Albuquerque , Vasconcelos Ana Cristina Garcia Duarte , Dias Marcelo Porto , Menezes Cícero Nunes
Published: June 2017

Eating disorders and obesity in children and adolescents have been calling researchers and public health institutions’ attention due to severity and increasing incidence in the last decades. Studies on etiological factors of diseases related to alimentation are important to justify more efficient treatment methodologies. The family participation has been suggested by authors of systems theory, motivating us to study this issue from the point of view of individual, family and socio-cultural. This paper aims to present research data to construct a psychosocial attendance methodology to children and adolescents with eating disorders and obesity and their families. The method used is qualitative and includes a family life cycle interview, Multifamily Group, children and adolescents groups and the use of Rorschach test in adolescents. Partial data show that parents’ life history has influence on eating pattern of family; the genitors don’t comprehend the obesity as a multi-factorial syndrome and don’t recognize that their children are obese and have difficulty setting boundaries in general and regarding to food; conjugal and parental conflicts and grandparents interference have negative influence on children dietary and on treatment of obesity and eating disorders; the use of Rorschach test has identified: low self-esteem, anguish and distorted self and body perceptions, self-concept and self-image distortions in adolescents with eating disorders and depressive thoughts, dependency, fear of abandonment and distortion between ideal and real images in obese adolescents. These data are in accordance with bibliographic review regarding to family influence on each member’s health development and on family eating pattern. Parents and adults have a central role as in orientation and education as presenting appropriate models in terms of alimentation.
Work relations and helping in the lives of Amazon rural women workers
Authors: Sampaio Cláudia Regina Brandão , Nina Socorro de Fátima Moraes , Moraes Rosângela Dutra de
Published: June 2017

Changes in methods of agricultural production have impacted on the lives of those involved in this sector. New social relations, technologies, values and landscapes have been introduced as well as potential risks to health. Female workers have a specific experience that requires a closer analysis to understand their situation. The research addresses the interrelationship of health, work, and the environment of women agriculturalists in a rural Amazonian community. This focus allows the identification and understanding of relations between the women and the actors with whom they share daily activities and the implications for health, work, and self-image. Using qualitative methods the experiences of 47 women were captured through collective interviews, which were analysed by Nucleus of Meaning Analysis (NMA), adapted from Categorical Content Analysis. Work is central to the lives of the women workers but is attributed with different meanings depending on the context and the relationship. It was found that the relationship with employers increases the risk of workplace exploitation; with male partners work is characterised as ‘helping’. Work with female co-workers increases a sense of identity, strengthens social bonds and an ability to solve problems. In conclusion, in addition to issues related to production methods, the subjective relational universe of these workers is marked by a complexity that impacts on their lives and health. The authors suggest that research on the impact of daily life and workplace on health considers the different and complex relations and subjective demands, especially in contexts endowed with uniqueness.
Coparenting in caregivers of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Dourado Carolina Moraes , França Irlana Lessa , Cardoso Vagner Santos , da Costa Silva Simone Souza , Pontes Fernando Augusto Ramos
Published: June 2017

The Brazilian Association of Cerebral Palsy defines Cerebral Palsy (CP) as a group of disorders of development and posture, which cause limitations in an individual activity. The birth of a child with CP generates an impact, which brings a new reality for the family, mainly parents and others caregivers. The goal of the present work was to describe coparenting relationships in parents of children with CP, comparing between main and secondary caregivers, and still, the relationship between coparenting pair. Data was obtained from 12 coparenting pairs (24 individuals) caregivers of children with CP. Were used the instruments: Coparenting Questionnaire (COPQ), to evaluate the coparenting relationships, Socio Demographic Inventory (SDI), to describe information about the main and secondary caregivers and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) for to measure the children’s gross motor function. The data was treated through the software SPSS (version 20.0), the statistic calculated was frequency, descriptive, and still, a parameter of scores was fixed for the classification of coparentality factors (cooperation, triangulation and conflict). The results indicated that secondary caregivers exhibited higher average in the factors of analysis of cooperation and triangulation (21 and 5,2). The mainly caregivers indicated the bigger average in conflict factor, (11, 3). In general, the coparenting pairs exhibited high cooperation (19-25 points), high triangulation (4-8 points) and low conflict (5-11 points). The establishment of a good coparenting relationship, expressed in the mutual support and commitment of the dyads is fundamental for the family functioning and for the child’s global welfare.
Impacts of El Niño events on the Peruvian upwelling system productivity
Authors: Espinoza‐Morriberón D. , Echevin V. , Colas F. , Tam J. , Ledesma J. , Vásquez L. , Graco M.
Published: June 2017

Every 2–7 years, El Niño events trigger a strong decrease in phytoplankton productivity off Peru, which profoundly alters the environmental landscape and trophic chain of the marine ecosystem. Here we use a regional coupled physical‐biogeochemical model to study the dynamical processes involved in the productivity changes during El Nino, with a focus on the strongest events of the 1958–2008 period. Model evaluation using satellite and in situ observations shows that the model reproduces the surface and subsurface interannual physical and biogeochemical variability. During El Niño, the thermocline and nutricline deepen significantly during the passage of coastal‐trapped waves. While the upwelling‐favorable wind increases, the coastal upwelling is compensated by a shoreward geostrophic near‐surface current. The depth of upwelling source waters remains unchanged during El Niño but their nutrient content decreases dramatically, which, along with a mixed layer depth increase, impacts the phytoplankton growth. Offshore of the coastal zone, enhanced eddy‐induced subduction during El Niño plays a potentially important role in nutrient loss.
Vertical energy flux at ENSO time scales in the subthermocline of the Southeastern Pacific
Authors: Vergara O. , Dewitte B. , Ramos M. , Pizarro O.
Published: June 2017

The question of how energy is redistributed in the ocean has renewed the interest for the processes leading to midlatitude subthermocline variability at low frequency. Here we investigate a process that has been disregarded although potentially relevant for climatic studies dealing with the planetary energy budget. The focus is on the Southeastern Pacific where an efficient oceanic teleconnection takes place, linking the remote surface equatorial momentum forcing with the subthermocline through the vertical propagation of low‐frequency long‐wavelength extratropical Rossby waves (ETRW). A high‐resolution model is used to document the vertical energy flux associated with ETRW at interannual to decadal time scales. The analysis of a long‐term (1958–2008) simulation reveals that the vertical energy flux can be interpreted to a large extent as resulting from the coastally forced ETRW as far south as 35°S, so that heat content variability can be predicted along theoretical trajectories originating from the coast below the thermocline. It is shown that the vertical energy flux associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation forms beams below the thermocline that account for a large fraction of the total vertical energy flux at interannual time scales. Extreme El Niño events are the dominant contributor to this flux, which is hardly impacted by mesoscale activity. The energy beams experience a dissipation processes in the ocean below 1000 m that is interpreted as resulting from vertical turbulent diffusion. Our results suggest that the ETRW at ENSO time scales are strongly dissipated at the surface but still can modulate the heat content in the deep ocean of the Southeastern Pacific.
Past and future effects of climate change on spatially heterogeneous vegetation activity in China
Authors: Gao Jiangbo , Jiao Kewei , Wu Shaohong , Ma Danyang , Zhao Dongsheng , Yin Yunhe , Dai Erfu
Published: June 2017

Climate change is a major driver of vegetation activity but its complex ecological relationships impede research efforts. In this study, the spatial distribution and dynamic characteristics of climate change effects on vegetation activity in China from the 1980s to the 2010s and from 2021 to 2050 were investigated using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The GWR model was based on combined datasets of satellite vegetation index, climate observation and projection, and future vegetation productivity simulation. Our results revealed that the significantly positive precipitation–vegetation relationship was and will be mostly distributed in North China. However, the regions with temperature‐dominated distribution of vegetation activity were and will be mainly located in South China. Due to the varying climate features and vegetation cover, the spatial correlation between vegetation activity and climate change may be altered. There will be different dominant climatic factors for vegetation activity distribution in some regions such as Northwest China, and even opposite correlations in Northeast China. Additionally, the response of vegetation activity to precipitation will move southward in the next three decades. In contrast, although the high warming rate will restrain the vegetation activity, precipitation variability could modify hydrothermal conditions for vegetation activity. This observation is exemplified in the projected future enhancement of vegetation activity in the Tibetan Plateau and weakened vegetation activity in East and Middle China. Furthermore, the vegetation in most parts of North China may adapt to an arid environment, whereas in many southern areas, vegetation will be repressed by water shortage in the future.
Network analyses elucidate the role of SMYD3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xinning , Zheng Zhoude , Chen Chuhong , Guo Simin , Liao Zhennan , Li Yue , Zhu Ying , Zou Haiying , Wu Jianyi , Xie Wenming , Zhang Pixian , Xu Liyan , Wu Bingli , Li Enmin
Published: June 2017

SMYD3 is a member of the SET and myeloid‐Nervy‐DEAF‐1 (MYND) domain‐containing protein family of methyltransferases, which are known to play critical roles in carcinogenesis. Expression of SMYD3 is elevated in various cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and is correlated with the survival time of patients with ESCC. Here, we dissect gene expression data, from a previously described KYSE150 ESCC cell line in which SMYD3 had been knocked down, by integration with the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, to find the new potential biological roles of SMYD3 and subsequent target genes. By construction of a specific PPI network, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), following SMYD3 knockdown, were identified as interacting with thousands of neighboring proteins. Enrichment analyses from the DAVID Functional Annotation Chart found significant Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with transcription activities, which were closely related to SMYD3 function. For example, YAP1 and GATA3 might be a target gene for SMYD3 to regulate transcription. Enrichment annotation of the total DEG PPI network by GO ‘Biological Process’ generated a connected functional map and found 532 significant terms, including known and potential biological roles of SMYD3 protein, such as expression regulation, signal transduction, cell cycle, cell metastasis, and invasion. Subcellular localization analyses found that DEGs and their interacting proteins were distributed in multiple layers, which might reflect the intricate biological processes at the spatial level. Our analysis of the PPI network has provided important clues for future detection of the biological roles and mechanisms, as well as the target genes of SMYD3.
Comparison of the recommendations of the AAPM TG‐51 and TG‐51 addendum reference dosimetry protocols
Authors: McCaw Travis J. , Hwang Min‐Sig , Jang Si Young , Huq M. Saiful
Published: June 2017

This work quantified differences between recommendations of the TG‐51 and TG‐51 addendum reference dosimetry protocols. Reference dosimetry was performed for flattened photon beams with nominal energies of 6, 10, 15, and 23 MV, as well as flattening‐filter free (FFF) beam energies of 6 and 10 MV, following the recommendations of both the TG‐51 and TG‐51 addendum protocols using both a Farmer® ionization chamber and a scanning ionization chamber with calibration coefficients traceable to absorbed dose‐to‐water (Dw) standards. Differences in Dw determined by the two protocols were 0.1%–0.3% for beam energies with a flattening filter, and up to 0.2% and 0.8% for FFF beams measured with the scanning and Farmer® ionization chambers, respectively, due to kQ determination, volume‐averaging correction, and collimator jaw setting. Combined uncertainty was between 0.91% and 1.2% (k = 1), varying by protocol and detector.
A General Mechanism of Photoconversion of Green‐to‐Red Fluorescent Proteins Based on Blue and Infrared Light Reduces Phototoxicity in Live‐Cell Single‐Molecule Imaging
Authors: Turkowyd Bartosz , Balinovic Alexander , Virant David , Carnero Haruko G. Gölz , Caldana Fabienne , Endesfelder Marc , Bourgeois Dominique , Endesfelder Ulrike
Published: June 2017

Photoconversion of fluorescent proteins by blue and complementary near‐infrared light, termed primed conversion (PC), is a mechanism recently discovered for Dendra2. We demonstrate that controlling the conformation of arginine at residue 66 by threonine at residue 69 of fluorescent proteins from Anthozoan families (Dendra2, mMaple, Eos, mKikGR, pcDronpa protein families) represents a general route to facilitate PC. Mutations of alanine 159 or serine 173, which are known to influence chromophore flexibility and allow for reversible photoswitching, prevent PC. In addition, we report enhanced photoconversion for pcDronpa variants with asparagine 116. We demonstrate live‐cell single‐molecule imaging with reduced phototoxicity using PC and record trajectories of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli cells.
The skeletons in our closet: E‐learning tools and what happens when one side does not fit all
Authors: Van Nuland Sonya E. , Rogers Kem A.
Published: June 2017

In the anatomical sciences, e‐learning tools have become a critical component of teaching anatomy when physical space and cadaveric resources are limited. However, studies that use empirical evidence to compare their efficacy to visual‐kinesthetic learning modalities are scarce. The study examined how a visual‐kinesthetic experience, involving a physical skeleton, impacts learning when compared with virtual manipulation of a simple two‐dimensional (2D) e‐learning tool, A.D.A.M. Interactive Anatomy. Students from The University of Western Ontario, Canada (n = 77) participated in a dual‐task study to: (1) investigate if a dual‐task paradigm is an effective tool for measuring cognitive load across these different learning modalities; and (2) to assess the impact of knowledge recall and spatial ability when using them. Students were assessed using knowledge scores, Stroop task reaction times, and mental rotation test scores. Results demonstrated that the dual‐task paradigm was not an effective tool for measuring cognitive load across different learning modalities with respect to kinesthetic learning. However, our study highlighted that handing physical specimens yielded major, positive impacts on performance that a simple commercial e‐learning tool failed to deliver (P < 0.001). Furthermore, students with low spatial ability were significantly disadvantaged when they studied the bony joint and were tested on contralateral images (P = 0.046,R = 0.326). This suggests that, despite limbs being mirror images, students should be taught the anatomy of, as well as procedures on, both sides of the human body, enhancing the ability of all students, regardless of spatial ability, to take anatomical knowledge into the clinic and perform successfully. Anat Sci Educ 10: 570–588. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
Potential of Nonfullerene Small Molecules with High Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Li Wanning , Yao Huifeng , Zhang Hao , Li Sunsun , Hou Jianhui
Published: June 2017

Over the past decades, fullerene derivatives have become the most successful electron acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs) and have achieved great progress, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 11 %. However, fullerenes have some drawbacks, such as weak absorption, limited energy‐level tunability, and morphological instability. In addition, fullerene‐based OSCs usually suffer from large energy losses of over 0.7 eV, which limits further improvements in the PCE. Recently, nonfullerene small molecules have emerged as promising electron acceptors in OSCs. Their highly tunable absorption spectra and molecular energy levels have enabled fine optimization of the resulting devices, and the highest PCE has surpassed 12 %. Furthermore, several studies have shown that OSCs based on small‐molecule acceptors (SMA) have very efficient charge generation and transport efficiency at relatively low energy losses of below 0.6 eV, which suggests great potential for the further improvement of OSCs. In this focus review, we analyze the challenges and potential of SMA‐based OSCs and discuss molecular design strategies for highly efficient SMAs.
In vitro additive antitumor effects of dimethoxycurcumin and 5‐fluorouracil in colon cancer cells
Authors: Zhao Huiying , Liu Qingchun , Wang Saisai , Dai Fang , Cheng Xiaofei , Cheng Xiaobin , Chen Wenbin , Zhang Min , Chen Dong
Published: June 2017

Dimethoxycurcumin (DMC) is a lipophilic analog of curcumin, an effective treatment for colon cancer, which has greater chemical and metabolic stability. Chemotherapy treatments, such as 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu), play a key role in the current management of colon cancer. In this study, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of DMC in combination with 5‐Fu in SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cells. CCK‐8 assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of DMC and 5‐Fu on cancer cells proliferation, and the combination index was calculated. The influence of DMC and 5‐Fu on cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial membrane potential in SW480 and SW620 cells was determined using flow cytometry, and the related signaling pathways were detected by western blot. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe endoplasmic reticulum expansion. DMC‐ and/or 5‐Fu‐induced apoptosis, stimulated G0/G1 phase arrest, increased ROS levels, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhanced endoplasmic reticulum expansion. The induction of apoptosis is involved in the increasing of Bax and cytochrome c and decreasing of Bcl2 expressions. Increased production of ROS was accompanied by upregulation of CHOP and Noxa. Combination therapy of DMC and 5‐Fu had increased efficacy on the above pathways compared with either drug alone. Based on the calculated IC50, combination treatment with DMC and 5‐Fu had an additive antitumor effect in both cell lines. Combined treatment with DMC and 5‐Fu led to an additive antitumor effect in colon cancer cells that was related to apoptosis induction, G0/G1 phase arrest, increased ROS production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhanced endoplasmic reticulum expansion.
Can I trust you? Exploring the ways in which sexual orientation disclosure affects the relationship between LGB leaders and their followers
Authors: Bowring Michèle A.
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a model of the effects of sexual orientation disclosure based on a review of the trust and disclosure literature in the workplace. This model suggests that, when leaders choose to come out, claiming LGB identity versus downplaying it leads to subordinate trust in the leader (FTL). This trust, in turn, influences positive outcomes such as job performance, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB). Trust also moderates the influence of follower attributes and contextual factors on these positive outcomes. I offer a number of propositions for future research in this area. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of inorganic solids on emulsion layer growth in asphaltene‐stabilized water‐in‐oil emulsions
Authors: McGurn Michaela K. , Baydak Elaine N. , Sztukowski Danuta M. , Yarranton Harvey W.
Published: June 2017

Oilfield emulsions are often stabilized by asphaltenes but inorganic solids can impact both emulsion stability and rag layer accumulation. In this study, the effect of inorganic solids on emulsion stability and emulsion layer growth was investigated using batch and continuous separations performed on water‐in‐oil emulsions stabilized by asphaltenes. The emulsions were prepared at 60 °C from an organic phase consisting of solids, asphaltenes, n‐heptane, and toluene and an initial water phase volume of 0.50. Three types of coarse solids were considered: 12 μm kaolin, 18–32 μm silica, and 32–63 μm silica with wettabilities ranging from 50 to 125°. In batch experiments, the coalescence rate was determined from the change in height of the free water and oil layers over time as the emulsion coalesced. In continuous experiments, emulsion layer growth was measured as the emulsion was continuously fed into a vertical separator. The data were modelled with a material balance that included a coalescence rate equation. In the absence of solids, the continuous emulsion layer growth rate and ultimate stability correlated well to batch coalescence parameters. The addition of the coarse solids at concentrations below 5 g/L accelerated coalescence rates. Above 5 g/L, the solids increased emulsion stability indicating that they form a steric barrier between the droplets. Even if the feed is below this threshold, the solids accumulate in the rag layer until the threshold is reached, the emulsion becomes stable, and the performance of the continuous separation can no longer be predicted from batch tests.
General Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines and Nitroaromatics under H2 by Recyclable Iridium Catalysts
Authors: Sui Dejun , Mao Fei , Fan Haipeng , Qi Zhengliang , Huang Jun
Published: June 2017

Heterogeneous iridium catalysts were prepared and applied for the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones with nitroaromatics and amines using H2. The iridium catalysts were prepared by pyrolysis of ionic liquid 1‐methyl‐3‐cyanomethylimidazoulium chloride ([MCNI]Cl) with iridium chloride (IrCl3) in activated carbons. Iridium particles were well dispersed and stable in the N‐doped carbon materials from [MCNI]Cl with activated carbon. The Ir@NC(600‐2h) catalyst was found to be highly active and selective for the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones using H2 and a variety of nitrobenzenes and amines were selectively converted into the corresponding secondary and tertiary amines. The Ir@NC(600‐2h) catalyst can be reusable several times without evident deactivation.
Human DNA helicase, RuvBL1 and its Chlamydomonas homologue, CrRuvBL1 plays an important role in ciliogenesis
Authors: Tammana Damayanti , Tammana Trinadh Venkata Satish
Published: June 2017

Several nuclear and nucleic acid‐binding proteins were detected in the proteomic analyses of ciliary fractions from various organisms. Yet very little is known about the role of these proteins in ciliogenesis and ciliary signaling. In an attempt to characterize the role of these nuclear proteins, we identified a hypothetical protein from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, CrRuvBL1, which is homologous to human DNA helicase, HsRuvBL1. CrRuvBL1 localizes to flagella and nucleus in vegetative Chlamydomonas cells. It accumulates in the nucleus specifically during initial stages of flagellar assembly and cell division indicating its role in these processes. Mammalian counterpart of this protein, HsRuvBL1, was found to be present at the basal bodies and in the primary cilium of quiescent Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE1) cells. In interphase cells, HsRuvBL1 is present at centrioles while the protein localizes on spindle fibers, spindle poles and midbodies, which are important structures formed during different phases of cell division. Depletion of HsRuvBL1 by using siRNAs leads to complete loss of primary cilia in RPE1 cells. Together these results suggest that nuclear proteins play an important role in ciliogenesis.
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Sponges for the Adsorption of Estrogenic Pollutant
Authors: Novaes Stephanie D. , Oliveira Pedro V. , Petri Denise F. S.
Published: June 2017

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E4M chains are crosslinked with citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), resulting in adsorbent sponges (SpE4M), which are impregnated with magnetic nanoparticles (SpE4M‐mag) for the adsorption of 17 α‐ethinyl estradiol (EE). The characterization of SpE4M and SpE4M‐mag characterization includes X‐ray microcomputer tomography (Micro‐CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) vibrational spectroscopy, elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). SpE4M and SpE4M‐mag present porosities of 72±6 % and 80±7 %, respectively, and outstanding stability in water, in the pH range 4 to 8, and in alcohols, alkanes, and acetone. The compressive moduli of SpE4M and SpE4M‐mag amount to 2.75 and 4.37 MPa, respectively. The adsorption of 17 α‐ethinyl estradiol (EE), an estrogenic pollutant, on SpE4M and SpE4M‐mag follows the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. The EE removal capacity by SpE4M is 78±5 %, which is twice that presented by SpE4M‐mag. The new sponges are recovered successfully either by flotation or by an external magnet, and can be recycled five times keeping 80 % of their initial removal capacity after the fifth cycle, disclosing their potential for environmental remediation.
Quantification and identification of lightning damage in tropical forests
Authors: Yanoviak Stephen P. , Gora Evan M. , Burchfield Jeffrey M. , Bitzer Phillip M. , Detto Matteo
Published: June 2017

Accurate estimates of tree mortality are essential for the development of mechanistic forest dynamics models, and for estimating carbon storage and cycling. However, identifying agents of tree mortality is difficult and imprecise. Although lightning kills thousands of trees each year and is an important agent of mortality in some forests, the frequency and distribution of lightning‐caused tree death remain unknown for most forests. Moreover, because all evidence regarding the effects of lightning on trees is necessarily anecdotal and post hoc, rigorous tests of hypotheses regarding the ecological effects of lightning are impossible. We developed a combined electronic sensor/camera‐based system for the location and characterization of lightning strikes to the forest canopy in near real time and tested the system in the forest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Cameras mounted on towers provided continuous video recordings of the forest canopy that were analyzed to determine the locations of lightning strikes. We used a preliminary version of this system to record and locate 18 lightning strikes to the forest over a 3‐year period. Data from field surveys of known lightning strike locations (obtained from the camera system) enabled us to develop a protocol for reliable, ground‐based identification of suspected lightning damage to tropical trees. In all cases, lightning damage was relatively inconspicuous; it would have been overlooked by ground‐based observers having no knowledge of the event. We identified three types of evidence that can be used to consistently identify lightning strike damage in tropical forests: (1) localized and directionally biased branch mortality associated with flashover among tree and sapling crowns, (2) mortality of lianas or saplings near lianas, and (3) scorched or wilting epiphytic and hemiepiphytic plants. The longitudinal trunk scars that are typical of lightning‐damaged temperate trees were never observed in this study. Given the prevalence of communications towers worldwide, the lightning detection system described here could be implemented in diverse forest types. Data from multiple systems would provide an outstanding opportunity for comparative research on the ecological effects of lightning. Such comparative data are increasingly important given expected increases in lightning frequency with climatic change.