bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological Foundations of Behavior: Implications for Counseling
Authors: HARPER FREDERICK D.
Published: December 2011

Professional and social movements of the 1980s demand that counselors have a basic knowledge of biological foundations of behavior, a knowledge that has been neglected in counselor training programs, theories of counseling, and theories of personality. This article discusses biological explanations of human behavior and problems, along with implications and applications for the counselor in terms of the counseling setting, client problem, counselor role, counselor training, and the counseling profession.
The Divorce Myth
Authors: BERNARD JANINE M.
Published: December 2011

This article argues that counselors need to disengage themselves from the prevailing cultural attitude that divorce has inherent power to make people unhappy. Within this context, consideration is given to counseling couples with children.
Counselor Licensure as Perceived by Counselors and Psychologists
Authors: SNOW BRENT M.
Published: December 2011

This article reports the results of a survey that elicited the responses of counselors and psychologists to six licensure issues.
Depression Management Training: A Structured Group Approach
Authors: LERMAN CHARLES A. , BARÓN AUGUSTINE
Published: December 2011

This article describes a structured group program called Depression Management Training (DMT), the focus of which is to increase participants' awareness of the multidimentional sources of depression and to enhance their coping strategies.
University Based Career Education: A Model for Infusion
Authors: RYAN CHARLES W. , DRUMMOND ROBERT J.
Published: December 2011

This article presents a field‐tested model for training and introducing university faculty to the philosophy, concepts, and practices of career education.
Challenges in a Dialectical Conception of Career Evolution
Authors: BERMAN J. JASON , MUNSON HAROLD L.
Published: December 2011

This article seeks to clarify the differences between traditional and dialectical perspectives on career development. The application of a dialectical model to career evolution is based on the assumption that an individual's work experiences and other life experiences exert an ongoing, reciprocal effect on career development.
Self‐Administered Treatments of Public Speaking Anxiety
Authors: AUERBACH ALAN
Published: December 2011

This article reports on two do‐it‐yourself treatment programs for dealing with stage fright. One program followed a systematic desensitization paradigm; the other was a handout listing 16 strategies for understanding stage fright.
A Community Support Group for Single Custodial Fathers
Authors: TEDDER SANDRA L. , LIBBEE KRISTIN M. , SCHERMAN AVRAHAM
Published: December 2011

Within the context of an identified need for establishing a support group for single custodial fathers, this article discusses a five‐session group experience that included such topics as dating, remarriage, homemaking and house maintenance, and the effects of divorce on children.
Should We Have Children? A Decision‐Making Group for Couples
Authors: KIMBALL KAREN K. , McCABE MARY E.
Published: December 2011

The authors designed and conducted a group for couples deciding whether to have children or remain childfree. Four couples participated in various group exercises and activities. The group experience was positive for most members; in relation to this decision they gained an understanding of their own needs and attitudes, of their spouses' positions, and of the issues involved. Outcomes varied: One couple decided to wait to make the decision, two decided to have children later, and one decided to probably remain childfree.
Foster Care and the Helping Professions
Authors: NORTON FRANCIS H.
Published: December 2011

This article combines a foster parent's and an educator's view of working with children in foster care placements. Counseling a child who has been removed from the home environment requires a real sensitivity to the internal devastation that may be taking place and the coping behaviors associated with that separation process.
The Efficacy of Group Counseling with Older Adults
Authors: MARDOYAN JENNIFER L. , WEIS DAVID M.
Published: December 2011

This article argues that group counseling is more conducive to coaching older adults than is the traditional one‐to‐one approach.
Recession in Academe: Development of Policies for Retrenchment
Authors: NOLTING EARL
Published: December 2011

Given long‐term projections of possible enrollment decline, primarily from declining numbers of high school graduates between 1980 and 1990, many policies for college and university “retrenchment” are being developed. This article highlights the conflicts and problems in creating retrenchment policies, with special emphasis on personnel and procedural issues.
Counseling and Consulting: Separate Processes or the Same?
Authors: SCHMIDT JOHN J. , OSBORNE W. LARRY
Published: December 2011

This article examines the theoretical similarities and differences between the counseling and consulting processes and finds that differences between the two processes are reflections of the differences found among the counselors who use them.
A Story about the Counselors in the Land of Help
Authors: WATKINS C. EDWARD
Published: December 2011

Licensure is an issue of interest to many counselors. In some ways, however, the issue of licensure seems to be unresolved among them; in other words, some counselors want licensure, some don't, and others really don't seem to care one way or the other. This article recounts what happened to the counselors in the Land of Help when they were confronted with licensure and what they were able to do about it.
Alcott's Little Women: A Study in Death and Dying
Authors: CAFFEE CLAUDE E.
Published: December 2011

This article examines one approach to helping counselor trainees and clients gain insight into the death and dying process and its stages, and supports the use of literature as a counseling tool for helping clients confronted with the death or dying experience.
A Regional Job and Educational Opportunities Fair
Authors: PATE ROBERT H. , TULLOCH JACQUELYN B. , DASSANCE CHARLES R.
Published: December 2011

This article describes a regional job and educational opportunity project initiated by the Jefferson Personnel and Guidance Association, a chapter of the Virginia branch.
Old Wine for a New Bottle: Toward a New Video Projective Technique
Authors: Sikes Melvin P.
Published: December 2011

Virtually all of the research conducted on black populations in the past has been done with culturally biased instruments which has led to the image of the black personality as a sick white man or as culturally deviant.
FIELD DEPARTMENT
Authors: Pendry Eliza R.
Published: December 2011

REPORT OF THE VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
AN ADEQUATE PROGRAM OF EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE IN A COLLEGE
Authors: Peters Iva L.
Published: December 2011

Outline of Address at a Joint Meeting on Vocational Guidance by the American Vocational Association and the National Vocational Guidance Association at Louisville, Kentucky December 2, 1926
A COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM FOR GUIDANCE IN A STATE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
Authors: Holbrook Harold L.
Published: December 2011

Address at a Joint Meeting on Vocational Guidance by the American Vocational Association and the National Vocational Guidance Association at Louisville, Kentucky December 2, 1926
HOW TO CONDUCT STUDIES ABOUT OCCUPATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES IN A LARGE CITY SYSTEM
Authors: Corre Mary P.
Published: December 2011

Address at a Joint Meeting on Vocational Guidance by the American Vocational Association and the National Vocational Guidance Association at Louisville, Kentucky December 3, 1926
HOW TO RESPECT INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES OF PUPILS THROUGH CASE STUDIES
Authors: Day O. H.
Published: December 2011

Address at a Joint Meeting on Vocational Guidance by the American Vocational Association and the National Vocational Guidance Association at Louisville, Kentucky December 3, 1926
PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH IN VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
Authors: Yates J. A.
Published: December 2011

Address before the Vocational Guidance Section, Kansas State Teachers Association, Topeka, Kansas, November 5, 1926
CAUSES FOR DISCHARGE1
Authors: Brewer John M.
Published: December 2011

The statistics here compiled confirm the assertion sometimes made that nearly twice as many employees are discharged for moral shortcomings, or defects of character, as for lack of ability to do the work.
SCHOOL AND FACTORY
Authors: Williams Whiting
Published: December 2011

For many years Mr. Williams has, at intervals, donned his old overalls and toiled (and chatted) in factory, mine and quarry with the forgotten man. More recently he has “bummed” among the unemployed. His story of work attitudes grows out of a more intimate contact than any school teacher, or counselor, is likely to have. His conclusions are, therefore, significant. Nothing is truer or more significant than the huge superiority the greasy machine operator enjoys over the poor shovel wrestler, a superiority not necessarily measured by the size of the pay envelope, but rather by the job's responsibility, amount of skill and training required, chance of contact with the public—dozens of details. Motivation in the school might well take a pointer from the lure of the esteems observed to reward the gainer of the job‐level next above. The desire to possess the rung just above in the alluring ladder of job‐standings accounts for a large total of skills and proficiencies. Yet, most important of all, is the fact that the greetings of the market place are more likely to be based upon contribution to the social environment. The prospective worker, still in school, might be convinced that the greatest joy of living is the joy of individual worthwhileness, that effectiveness and usefulness of work depend upon proficiency and character, and that the world of men is fairly well organized to distribute its goods and its praise to him who demonstrates that “in the handiwork of his craft is his prayer.”
RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT
Authors: Lee Edwin A.
Published: December 2011

The programs of vocational education and guidance are being scrutinized as never before. During the development of the past twenty‐five years nothing was examined with too great care, but the status of these activities during the next quarter century depends upon the vision used in planning ahead. The future will see fewer boys and girls at work. This will call for higher compulsory school age, longer school life, and a decidedly different offering. We do not need more of the present type of education, but education of a type which gives more attention to individual differences and the evolving economic and social order.

In planning the future, careful consideration should be given to the following: (1) research in occupational requirements, sociological trends, and causes of unemployment; (2) spirit of cooperation among all educational groups; and (3) elevation of standards for vocational teachers and counselors.
WHOSE RESPONSIBILITY?
Authors: Perkins Frances
Published: December 2011

Times have changed, and the individual and social problem of occupational adjustment has changed with them. They are still changing, but always the goal of occupational life remains the same, an opportunity for useful, happy, successful living. The conditions and means of achieving that goal for each and all must be provided. Whose responsibility is it? Frances Perkins, who needs no introduction, discusses here the respective—and cooperative—responsibilities of the employer, the government, the teacher and counselor, and finally of the individual himself. The gospel of the “New Deal” is applied specifically to the problem of occupational guidance, training, and adjustment.
EDUCATION FOR A NEW SOCIETY
Authors: Morgan Arthur E.
Published: December 2011

The substance of this article was presented as an address at the convention of the National Vocational Guidance Association in February. The manuscript was received some time afterward, but prior to many of the events and developments under the national recovery program which would have had significance in relation to Dr. Morgan's thesis. The article, though not written in the light of these events and developments, shows a remarkable degree of foresight and anticipation. Nothing has changed its original and essential value as an essay in social planning.

America must re‐evaluate its educational program in terms of economic change and social purpose. Vocational education (1) must be preceded by intelligent counseling, (2) should not be too specific, (3) is an inseparable part of the development of the whole personality, (4) should be determined by needs of society, (5) must give consideration to intelligent consumption, and (6) belongs in the school and not in industry.
VOCATIONS FOR THE HANDICAPPED
Authors: Millar Seville , Odencrantz Louise C.
Published: December 2011

Though the desirable social attitude toward boys and girls with physical disabilities is not to regard them as a class apart, different essentially from other boys and girls, this group presents special problems in vocational guidance. The physically handicapped share with the more fortunate the same general need of wise counsel in choosing and preparing for an occupation, and of making a satisfactory adjustment to occupational life, but obviously their range of choice and their chances of suitable placement are limited in many ways, not only by their particular handicaps in individual cases, but also by the attitude of employers. It is important that the physically handicapped themselves should know their occupational limitations, and that employers should know them; but it is equally important that the occupational possibilities of this group should be known and understood by all concerned. The majority of school counselors may have to deal with comparatively few cases in which physical handicap presents a vocational problem, but most of them encounter this problem occasionally. So the editors of this magazine asked a specialist in the guidance and placement of the physically handicapped to write an article setting forth some of the facts that every counselor ought to know or keep in mind in such situations. It happened that Miss Odencrantz had already asked an associate, Mrs. Millar, to assemble material for such an article. Here is the article.
GUIDANCE IN SMALL HIGH SCHOOLS
Authors: Broady Knute O. , Clason Elgin D.
Published: December 2011

The notion obtaining widely in many fields of social effort that only in the larger and wealthier centers of population can we expect to provide desirable facilities and services appropriate to a universal need is not held by these authors with regard to the possibilities of a comprehensive and effective program of vocational guidance in small high schools. What are the elements of such a program, and how may it be organized into a systematic whole? Part of the following article deals with the collection and use of informational material about occupations; then comes a section on gathering and applying information about pupils. Counseling, of course, lies at the heart of the matter, and this receives its due attention. There is discussion of forms and records, of the integration of the guidance program with the curriculum, and of the importance of keeping in touch with pupils after educational or vocational placement. The suggested program, though it is not offered as an actual description of any particular program in operation, is based on observation and experience, and is by no means an expression of untried theory.
WHY COLLEGE? WHY COLLEGES?
Authors: Rubinow I. M.
Published: December 2011

In this article Dr. Rubinow declares that vocational guidance—wise guidance toward a proper vocation, which represents the most potent single influence in each individual life—is the most important function of a college. He also says that it is perhaps the most neglected function—something that isn't being done to any appreciable extent. At any rate, in his close acquaintance with hundreds of students attending college in all parts of the country, he hasn't yet found one who seemed ever to have heard of college guidance or personnel work. When we asked Dr. Rubinow to write about guidance more or less from the parents' point of view, we did not intend to start a debate; but here he says that The Colleges Don't, while Dr. Cowdery in the succeeding article says, The Colleges Do, and tells how. Perhaps they are both right. Perhaps college students receive more actual guidance than they themselves realize, and perhaps guidance (or personnel work) is not sufficiently established in colleges to affect more than a very small percentage of the students. A great deal is being done, as Dr. Cowdery shows; but not nearly enough, as Dr. Rubinow and Dr. Cowdery would agree.
THE PREDICTION OF SUCCESS IN VOCATIONAL LIFE
Authors: Thorndike Edward L.
Published: December 2011

The facts and interpretations contained in this article are based upon a study supported under grants from the Commonwealth Fund and the Carnegie Corporation. A complete report will be published under the title, “The Prediction of Vocational Success.” The counselors and others who attended the Northeastern Regional Conference on Vocational Guidance a few weeks ago heard Irving Lorge speak on the principal findings and conclusions of what is often briefly called the Thorndike Ten‐Year Study, with which he has been closely associated. Those who did not hear Dr. Lorge's interesting and significant presentation will want to read the following article by Professor Thorndike, who directed the study; those who did will be glad to have a summary report in print.

Dr. Thorndike says that, on the basis of such facts as were obtained from school records and test scores about boys and girls at age 14, their educational careers were predictable with great accuracy; but that there was little indication, as proved in the follow‐up, as to what their vocational futures would be. Apparently we know in part, and we prophesy in part; and now we are learning more about what we can and cannot predict by better methods than guessing—if indeed, in some matters, these methods are better! Dr. Thorndike's study must undoubtedly be ranked high in the annals of research, and we are pleased and proud to present this contribution to our columns and to the literature of vocational and educational guidance.
MEASURING OUTCOMES OF THE COURSE IN OCCUPATIONS
Authors: Lincoln Mildred E.
Published: December 2011

Intelligent action in any field calls for knowledge of the limitations of the instruments used and for evaluation of results. The engineer, the physician, and the educator, all recognize this need and have their various ways of checking up on the effectiveness of what they do—before the building falls, or the patient dies, or the pupil leaves school. Of major significance to the guidance movement is the increasing attention given to evaluation. Miss Lincoln confirms the widespread opinion of her leadership by being one of the first working counselors to measure objectively the effectiveness of her own work in the teaching of occupations.

Tests of vocational and educational information were given to experimental groups of ninth‐grade pupils before and after a semester course in occupations. The same tests were given at the same time to a control group. While the latter group made some gain in occupational information during the period, it was not so large as that of the instructed groups, and the results indicate further, to quote Miss Lincoln, that achievement in occupations classes “tends to increase with the amount of instruction in such classes.”
GUIDANCE AND TRAINING IN A REFORMATORY FOR WOMEN
Authors: Waters Miriam Van , Newell Nancy
Published: December 2011

For the purposes of this article Mrs. Newell interviewed Dr. Van Waters, the well‐known social worker and juvenile‐court referee who is now in charge of the State Reformatory for Women at Framingham, Mass. Here the spirit and method of individualized treatment is applied to occupational problems. The work that the women do within the walls is definitely a part of their vocational training and guidance for the work which they will do when they leave. There is no claim that a perfect system or service has been set up, but it is certainly a hopeful and inspiring experiment. Mrs. Newell begins the story, and Dr. Van Waters continues it in her own words.
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE FOR NEGROES
Authors: Reid Ira De A.
Published: December 2011

The present article is the first of a series planned to deal with special phases of guidance, particularly of minority groups. The need for separate consideration of these groups is indicated by the fact that there exists such a wide divergence between theory and practice. Instead of facing reality, school administrators and counselors are prone to exhibit a woeful lack of understanding. Good intentions and wish‐fulfillment take the place of straight thinking, and tradition supplants analysis. Dr. Reid points out the unfortunate consequences arising from these attitudes and suggests the remedy.
MUSEUMS AS A GUIDANCE AID
Authors: Hoppock Robert
Published: December 2011

The Editorial Board, some months ago, suggested that the guidance possibilities of museums have not received the attention which they deserve, and that an article on this subject might be useful to counselors. Since then Mr. Hoppock has visited nine museums, studied their exhibits from the point of view of an experienced counselor, and discussed educational programs with curators and others. He finds the guidance values of existing museums to be accidental rather than intentional, but none the less genuine. Specific suggestions for counselors who wish to use museums conclude the article.
QUESTIONS THEY HAVE ASKED ME — AND THE ANSWERS
Authors: Kitson Harry Dexter
Published: December 2011

Should we publish a department of questions and answers in “Occupations, the Vocational Guidance Magazine”? The editorial board, before answering that one, asked one of its members to answer another; “What questions, or what kind of questions, are you most frequently asked?” Dr. Kitson, as all our readers know, is a leading teacher, writer and consultant on vocational guidance.
THE RIGHT TO BE EDUCATED ‐ WHAT DOES THE KID GET? ‐OR THE SYSTEM THAT FAILED
Authors: Julavits William F.
Published: December 2011

We had the best of educations ‐ in fact we went to school every day …

I've been to a day‐school, too, said Alice. You needn't be so proud as all that.

With extras? asked the Mock Turtle, a little anxiously.

Yes, said Alice. We learned French and music.

And washing? said the Mock Turtle.

Certainly not! said Alice indignantly.

Ah! Then yours wasn't really a good school, said the Mock Turtle in a tone of great relief. Now at ours, they had, at the end of the bill, French, music, and washing ‐ extra.

Lewis Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
AN INVESTIGATION OF CERTAIN FACTORS RELATED TO PERSISTENCE OF STUDENTS WHO ENROLLED AS FIRSTSEMESTER FRESHMEN AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA DURING THE FALL OF 1955
Authors: Bachmeier Tomas
Published: December 2011

The dissertation here abstracted was written under the direction of Paul F. Munger and Archie L. Wills as members of the examining committee of which Dr. Gray was chairman.
Research in Teacher Education
Authors: Gazda George M.
Published: December 2011

“Research Notes and Quotes” is a regular feature of the SPATE Journal; its purpose is to keep SPATE members informed of research being conducted in the area and to present abstracts of pertinent current articles and new books. This month a research project in teacher education underway at the University of Georgia is reported. The SPATE Committee on Research, which is responsible for the feature, solicits items about research planned or underway as well as abstracts of current articles and books. You are urged to submit your items to Josiah S. Dilley, Assistant Dean, College of Education, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, Research Committee Chairman. Other members of the Committee are James C. Dickinson, Assistant Professor of Education and Assistant to the Dean, State University of Iowa, Iowa City, and George M. Gazda, Associate Professor of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
COUNSELOR BEHAVIOR AS A FUNCTION OF AGE AND TEACHING EXPERIENCE
Authors: Antenen Wayne W. , Lister James L.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of age and years of teaching experience of first‐year counselor education students to their end‐of‐practicum counseling behavior. Data were obtained from a 15‐minute role‐played interview which was typed and classified from typescripts by means of the Porter Interview Analysis Scale. The results showed that when counselor age and amount of prior teaching are viewed separately, they tend to have different effects on counseling behavior. Beginning students who are older prefer to use Interpretive and Information‐Giving responses. With increased teaching experience, older students rely less upon Interpretation and Probing responses. The conclusion is that much of the variance in counseling behavior formerly attributed to amount of teaching experience could actually be a function of the counselor's age.
COUNSELOR EDUCATION AND THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM
Authors: Duncan Jack A. , Clements Hubert M.
Published: December 2011

This study attempts to show that secondary school students, regardless of socioeconomic levels, report that the largest per cent of their problems concern school and school‐related areas and that this phenomenon is not related to socio‐economic status. The implication for counselor education programs is that counselors should be alerted to the need to assume leadership in curriculum revision, teaching methods, course offerings, and course content in an attempt to reduce the students' problems related to the school.
A RATIONALE FOR ORGANIZING STUDIES INVOLVING PERSONALITY MEASURES AS SCREENING INSTRUMENTS FOR TEACHER TRAINING
Authors: Allan Thomas Kenneth
Published: December 2011

On the basis of an article concerning the dogmatic tendencies of teachers, 20 studies dealing with the personality of teachers and supervisory ratings were reexamined. Factor analysis of a popular personality measure (CPI) was used as a means of organizing these studies. It would seem that, to an undetermined extent, results of studies in the area of the personality of teachers have been influenced by a biased criterion.
TEACHER TRAINING AND ELEMENTARY SCHOOL GUIDANCE
Authors: Quinn Paul F.
Published: December 2011

The theme of this article is that greater effort should be made to implement guidance in the elementary school by designating guidance courses as requirements for state certification in elementary education and by placing greater emphasis on guidance in current courses offered by teacher training institutions. Ten guidance concepts are cited as pertinent content to be emphasized in courses in elementary education and practice teaching. The team approach to guidance is recommended as a concept to be conveyed to elementary teachers before they complete their formal education.
EFFECTS OF GROUP GUIDANCE AND GROUP COUNSELING ON THE SELF CONCEPT AND PROFESSIONAL ATTITUDES OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS
Authors: Padgett Harry G. , Gazda George M.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the research hypothesis that group guidance and group counseling procedures would produce positive changes in the self‐concept and professional attitudes of prospective teachers. Pre‐ and post‐test measures of the Tennessee Self Concept Scale, TERP (ES‐VII) Attitude Scale, and the Vocational Decision Questionnaire and a post‐Attitudinal Questionnaire were administered to 302 prospective teachers. Statistical analysis of the results showed significant positive gains for several subgroups with subgroups of females in comparison with males and Group Guidance students in comparison with Directed students showing the greater positive gains. The conclusion reached in this study is that group guidance and group counseling produced significant changes in the self‐concept and professional attitudes of prospective teachers.
ADVISING THE FRESHMAN TEACHER EDUCATION MAJOR
Authors: Morrison Jack R.
Published: December 2011

The main intent of this article is to illustrate that freshmen and freshman‐advisors in a College of Education can profit from the stated attitudes of graduating seniors toward their advisement as freshmen. “Critical Concerns” related to the self, the profession and the university are identified. Information pertinent to such student concerns is presented within a framework of discussion suitable for conferences between the freshman and his advisor.
COUNSELING THE STUDENT TEACHER
Authors: Cuony Edward R.
Published: December 2011

The theme of this article is that greater effort should be made to counsel with student teachers while they are undergoing this unique and meaningful experience. Student teaching places greater pressures upon the student than other collegiate experiences but is also important in helping individuals look at themselves critically. During this period of introspection counseling can indeed be advantageous in clarifying the self‐concepts and one's value system. A program of such counseling services is described.
AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM OF COUNSELOR EDUCATION
Authors: Downing Lester N. , Rohde Norma
Published: December 2011

The typical counselor education program does not prepare the student adequately for his position as a school counselor. Its major weaknesses are the arbitrary division of subjects, resulting in a limitation of experiences provided the student, and the failure to make better use of classes in the other behavioral sciences. The nature of the counselor's preparation should be in harmony with the objectives of the program. Closely related to these objectives are 10 major characteristics of the successful counselor. The activities provided include experience in breadth and depth in the humanities, behavioral sciences, and in the theory and practice of counseling. Eight major activities characterize the program: panel discussions and lectures; T groups; reading; written assignments; research; practicums; seminars; and socializing experiences.
HANDICAPPING CONDITIONS PRESENTING BARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENT AS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Ayer M. Jane
Published: December 2011

Teachers were asked to indicate whether a handicapped individual with a described characteristic was employable as an elementary school teacher. The characteristics were social, physical, or emotional, and were descriptive of level of function. The results indicated that individuals with physically disabling conditions which affect mobility or communication and which have an unpredictable prognosis are least acceptable. Behavioral and cosmetic deviations from societal norms were also unacceptable.
CONTRACTING FOR GRADES IN TEACHER EDUCATION
Authors: Thompson Sheilah D.
Published: December 2011

The main intent of this article is to indicate how a contract for marks may be used advantageously with classes in teacher education. Not only does the contract serve a useful purpose in the clarification of requirements for expected grades, it also promotes a discussion about the philosophy of evaluation and the purposes of grading.
CREATIVITY: ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE COUNSELOR'S APPROACH
Authors: Richmond Bert O.
Published: December 2011

This article raises and answers questions about the relationship among specified constructs of creativity manifested by the counselor trainee and his approach to counseling. The Porter Test of Counselor Attitudes, an instrument useful in categorizing the responses to structured counseling situations as evaluative, supportive, probing, understanding, interpretive, or other, was administered. The subjects, a group of 27 graduate students in counselor education, were also administered the Consequences test and the Alternate Uses test in order to measure their strength in specific constructs of creativity. No statistically significant correlations were found among creativity and approach to counseling factors, although creativity was shown to have some influence on the counselor's approach. Experience in an educational setting was shown to be significantly related to the preferred approach of the counselor.
THE STUDENT TEACHING TRIAD: POTENTIAL FOR GREATER PROFESSIONALISM IN EDUCATION
Authors: Yee Albert H.
Published: December 2011

Greater emphasis on the professionalization of laboratory experiences in teacher education is needed. Interpersonal relationships and many professional activities have been overlooked in present‐day student teaching programs. A new program is proposed that helps overcome such problems and is based upon the student teaching triad — a three‐member group comprised of the student teacher, supervisor, and cooperating teacher. The student teaching triad should be developed into an integral cooperative team. Such a team would reflect coordination and service between teacher preparation centers and schools. By building on today's loosely constructed triad structure, systematic, qualitative changes can be developed to provide meaningful interaction and professional service between the candidate, supervisor, and cooperating teacher. These changes will result in a higher level of professionalism in the preparation of teachers and in higher teacher quality.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT PERSONNEL SERVICES IN THAI EDUCATION
Authors: Jotikasthira Ampar , Sander Daryl
Published: December 2011

Student personnel services represent a relatively new area of specialization for educators in Thailand. Drastic social and cultural changes, coupled with rapid economic development, have intensified students' needs for counseling and other guidance services. Education is now at a premium, and Thai youth view it as the key to better jobs, higher incomes, and more modern living. New emphasis on vocational education is finding its way into the secondary school curriculum. Counselor education programs at the graduate level have been developed to provide an increased number of school counselors. Problems associated with the growth of the counseling and guidance movement are discussed.
Encapsulation and Survival of a Chondrocyte Cell Line within Xanthan Gum Derivative
Authors: Mendes Ana C. , Baran Erkan T. , Pereira Rui C. , Azevedo Helena S. , Reis Rui L.
Published: December 2011

A chemical derivative of xanthan gum polysaccharide is investigated as a new artificial matrix for the encapsulation of chondrocytic cells. Toward this goal, a novel micro‐droplet generator is developed to produce microcapsules. Microcapsules with an average diameter of 500 µm, smooth surface, and homogeneous size distribution are obtained. ATDC5 cells encapsulated in carboxymethyl xanthan (CMX) microcapsules remain viable and are observed to proliferate for prolonged culture periods with enhanced metabolic activity. Furthermore, retention of the chondrogenic phenotype is exhibited by the cells within CMX, suggesting the ability of this material to be applied in cell‐delivery therapies.

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Tuning Fluorescent Response of Nanoscale Film With Polymer Grafting
Authors: Chyasnavichyus Marius , Tsyalkovsky Volodymyr , Zdyrko Bogdan , Luzinov Igor
Published: December 2011

An effective method for tuning fluorescent response of an ultrathin (5 nm) polymer film, which can be used for generation of sensing arrays, is reported. This method is distinctive in that the modification of the optical response is achieved with polymer grafting of a non‐fluorescent polymer to a fluorescent film. Using this approach, a number of films demonstrating different fluorescent emission when exposed to solvent vapors were synthesized.
Ab initio derived force‐field parameters for molecular dynamics simulations of deprotonated amorphous‐SiO2/water interfaces
Authors: Butenuth Anke , Moras Gianpietro , Schneider Julian , Koleini Mohammad , Köppen Susan , Meißner Robert , Wright Louise B. , Walsh Tiffany R. , Ciacchi Lucio Colombi
Published: December 2011

We present a set of Coulomb point charges and van der Waals parameters for molecular dynamics simulations of interfaces between natively deprotonated amorphous SiO2 surfaces and liquid water, to be used in combination with standard biomolecular force fields. We pay particular attention to the extent of negative charge delocalisation in the solid that follows the deprotonation of terminal silanol groups, as revealed by extensive Bader analysis of electronic densities computed by density functional theory (DFT). The absolute charge values in our force field are determined from best‐fitting to the electrostatic potential computed ab initio (ESP charges). Our proposed parameter set is found to reproduce the energy landscape of single water molecules over neutral and deprotonated amorphous SiO2 surfaces and, after a minor adjustment, over thin oxide films on Si. Our analysis reveals a certain degree of arbitrariness in the choice of the DFT scheme used as the reference for the force‐field optimisation procedure, highlighting its intrinsic limits.

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Interaction between a water molecule and an oxidised Si surface calculated with several DFT and force‐field schemes, and delocalisation of the negative charge upon deprotonation of an amorphous SiO2 surface.
Initial laboratory experience with a novel ultrasound probe for standard and single‐port robotic kidney surgery: increasing console surgeon autonomy and minimizing instrument clashing
Authors: Yakoubi Rachid , Autorino Riccardo , Laydner Humberto , Guillotreau Julien , White Michael A. , Hillyer Shahab , Spana Gregory , Khanna Rakesh , Isaac Wahib , Haber Georges‐Pascal , Stein Robert J. , Kaouk Jihad H.
Published: December 2011

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel ultrasound probe specifically developed for robotic surgery by determining its efficiency in identifying renal tumors.

Methods

The study was carried out using the Da Vinci™ surgical system in one female pig. Renal tumor targets were created by percutaneous injection of a tumor mimic mixture. Single‐port and standard robotic partial nephrectomy were performed. Intraoperative ultrasound was performed using both standard laparoscopic probe and the new ProART™ Robotic probe. Probe maneuverability and ease of handling for tumor localization were recorded.

Results

The standard laparoscopic probe was guided by the assistant. Significant clashing with robotic arms was noted during the single‐port procedure. The novel robotic probe was easily introduced through the assistant trocar, and held by the console surgeon using the robotic Prograsp™ with no registered clashing in the external operative field. The average time for grasping the new robotic probe was less than 10 s. Once inserted and grasped, no limitation was found in terms of instrument clashing during the single‐port procedure.

Conclusions

This novel ultrasound probe developed for robotic surgery was noted to be user‐friendly when performing porcine standard and especially single‐port robotic partial nephrectomy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of (–)‐Menthyl Containing N‐Alkyl Cycloimmonium Salts
Authors: Hettstedt Christina , Betzl Wolfgang , Karaghiosoff Konstantin
Published: December 2011

The reaction of 4‐phenyl‐2‐aminothiazole or 2‐amino pyridine with α‐bromo acetic (–)‐menthyl ester (2c) yields new N‐alkyl cycloimmonium bromides (1c, 3) with the chiral (–)‐menthyl substituent, which were isolated and fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy for the first time. In addition, starting from 4‐phenyl‐2‐aminothiazole, two further N‐alkyl cycloimmonium bromides (1a, 1b) were prepared. The molecular and crystal structures of all three thiazole derived N‐alkyl cycloimmonium bromides (1a–c) were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In all cases the crystal structures are dominated by N–H···Br hydrogen bonds, which results in the formation of an extensive hydrogen bonded network in the crystal. Interestingly, in all structures S···Br– distances shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii are observed.
Synthesis and Structure Determination of Ag5HgSbO6, Comparison with AgHg3SbO6 and Ag5Pb2O6
Authors: Klein Wilhelm , Jansen Martin
Published: December 2011

From solid state reactions of Ag2O, HgO, and Sb2O3 at high temperatures under elevated oxygen pressures a new silver mercury antimonate, Ag5HgSbO6, has been obtained. According to a single crystal structure determination Ag5HgSbO6 crystallizes in space group P$\bar{3}$1c (no. 163) with a = 5.9263(4), c = 12.3023(7) Å, V = 374.18(4) Å3, Z = 2, 498 independent reflections, R1 = 0.030, wR2 = 0.059 (I ≥ 2 σ (I). Ag5HgSbO6 consists of HgSbO6 layers, analogous to BiI3, which are separated by Kagome nets formed by Ag+ ions. Perpendicular to these layers and along the c axis linear strings of Ag+ ions run through the large voids of the layers. Accordingly, Ag5HgSbO6 adopts the Ag5Pb2O6 type of structure where the lead positions are occupied by mercury and antimony alternatingly. The finding of mercury in octahedral coordination, particularly besides the lower charged Ag+ cations in linear coordination, which is also highly preferred by Hg2+ ions, is rather unexpected. Ag5HgSbO6 starts to decompose at 450 °C and, in contrast to subvalent and metallic Ag5Pb2O6, the new compound is charge balanced and semiconducting (ρ = 5.7 Ωcm at ambient temperature, Ea = 0.047 eV).
Civic commitment in young activists: Emergent processes in the development of personal and collective identity
Authors: Martínez M. Loreto , Peñaloza Pilar , Valenzuela Cristina
Published: December 2011

Through a qualitative approach this study documents life experiences that youth with a history of sustained social and political participation judge as significant in the development of their civic commitment. Data is drawn from in‐depth interviews to 6 Chilean youth (3 ages 16–19; 3 ages 20–24 years) of diverse socioeconomic condition, with a history of 3–7 years of active participation in prosocial and political organizations. Grounded theory was used to generate inductive knowledge of the processes that led to commitment and further sustained civic participation. Participants' trajectories of commitment illustrate both individual and contextual sources that motivate their sustained action. Participants identify with social and political causes and integrate them to their personal identities. Their sustained social action is related to identification with the goals of the organizations they belong to. Their accounts convey a collective sense of we developed through working toward shared goals with other organization members. Findings speak to the role that youth can play in advancing social and political ideologies and are discussed in light of identity theory and sociopolitical development.
A Practical Guide to Applying Lean Tools and Management Principles to Health Care Improvement Projects
Authors: Simon Ross W. , Canacari Elena G.
Published: December 2011

Manufacturing organizations have used Lean management principles for years to help eliminate waste, streamline processes, and cut costs. This pragmatic approach to structured problem solving can be applied to health care process improvement projects. Health care leaders can use a step‐by‐step approach to document processes and then identify problems and opportunities for improvement using a value stream process map. Leaders can help a team identify problems and root causes and consider additional problems associated with methods, materials, manpower, machinery, and the environment by using a cause‐and‐effect diagram. The team then can organize the problems identified into logical groups and prioritize the groups by impact and difficulty. Leaders must manage action items carefully to instill a sense of accountability in those tasked to complete the work. Finally, the team leaders must ensure that a plan is in place to hold the gains.
Theoretical Nursing: Development and Progress
Authors: Philbrick Violet M.
Published: December 2011

Theoretical Nursing: Development and Progress Afaf Ibrahim Meleis 5th Edition 2011, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 672 pages, hardcover
Kaizen: A Process Improvement Model for the Business of Health Care and Perioperative Nursing Professionals
Authors: Tetteh Hassan A.
Published: December 2011

Kaizen is a proven management technique that has a practical application for health care in the context of health care reform and the 2010 Institute of Medicine landmark report on the future of nursing. Compounded productivity is the unique benefit of kaizen, and its principles are change, efficiency, performance of key essential steps, and the elimination of waste through small and continuous process improvements. The kaizen model offers specific instruction for perioperative nurses to achieve process improvement in a five‐step framework that includes teamwork, personal discipline, improved morale, quality circles, and suggestions for improvement.
ChAM, a novel motif that mediates PALB2 intrinsic chromatin binding and facilitates DNA repair
Authors: Bleuyard Jean‐Yves , Buisson Rémi , Masson Jean‐Yves , Esashi Fumiko
Published: December 2011

The partner and localizer of breast cancer 2 susceptibility protein (PALB2) is crucial for the repair of DNA damage by homologous recombination. Here, we report that chromatin‐association motif (ChAM), an evolutionarily conserved motif in PALB2, is necessary and sufficient to mediate its chromatin association in both unperturbed and damaged cells. ChAM is distinct from the previously described PALB2 DNA‐binding regions. Deletion of ChAM decreases PALB2 and Rad51 accumulation at DNA damage sites and confers cellular hypersensitivity to the genotoxic drug mitomycin C. These results suggest that PALB2 chromatin association via ChAM facilitates PALB2 function in the cellular resistance to DNA damage.
JSBML: a flexible and entirely Java-based library for working with SBML
Authors: Jouraku Akiya , Le Novère Nicolas , Zell Andreas , Hucka Michael , Rodriguez Nicolas , Dumousseau Marine , Dräger Andreas , Wrzodek Clemens , Dörr Alexander , Keating Sarah
Published: December 2011

The XML-based Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is the de facto standard file format for the storage and exchange of biochemical network models, and is supported by more than 180 software packages to date. Much of this success is due to its clearly defined specifications and the availability of libSBML, a portable, robust, and easy-to-use library.LibSBML provides many methods for manipulating and validating SBML files through its Application Programming Interface (API). Originally written in C and C++, libSBML also provides automatically-generated language bindings for Java, MATLAB, Perl, and many more. However, the platform independence of Java is compromised in libSBML due to the fact that the language binding is a wrapper around the C/C++ core. The real-world experiences of many software developers has been that the deployment of portable libSBML-based Java applications is difficult. Further, the libSBML API and type hierarchy are not sufficiently intuitive from a Java programmer's perspective just because they were not designed directly for Java. For these reasons, several groups in the SBML community have mounted an open-source effort to develop a pure Java library for SBML. Here we present the JSBML project, whose products are freely available at the web site http://sourceforge.net/projects/jsbml.