bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’antisémitisme en milieux et pays musulmans : débats et travaux autour d’un processus complexe
Authors: Jikeli Günther
Published: December 2016

Cet article traite des débats et travaux de recherche universitaires sur l’antisémitisme chez les musulmans dans les pays à majorité musulmane et en Europe. Il dresse un état des lieux de l’antisémitisme dans les deux cas, puis présente les différentes approches destinées à en expliquer les causes. Dans les pays musulmans, les positions négatives à l’encontre des juifs constituent la règle, et non l’exception. Les positions et la propagande antisionistes associées à des stéréotypes antisémites et des théories du complot juif en constituent un facteur important. En Europe, l’antisémitisme est plus largement répandu chez les musulmans que chez les non-musulmans, et l’implication des premiers dans les agressions antisémites est proportionnellement bien supérieure à celle des seconds. Il apparaît que l’antisémitisme parmi les musulmans a des origines et des formes variées, et que les tentatives d’explications unidimensionnelles ne suffisent pas. Les thèses expliquant l’antisémitisme avant tout par le confit israélo-palestinien ou par la discrimination et plus précisément le colonialisme apparaissent datées au vu des derniers résultats de la recherche. Sur le plan historique, la conjonction du nationalisme arabe, des mouvements islamistes et de la coopération avec les nazis au milieu du XX e siècle a contribué au premier chef au fait que le traitement discriminatoire dont les juifs ont été victimes dans l’islam du Moyen Âge n’a pas disparu suite à la mise en place des États nationaux, mais s’est le plus souvent transformé en antisémitisme. Les influences islamistes et les stéréotypes relayés par les médias et le contexte social environnant sont aujourd’hui des facteurs essentiels dans la propagation de positions antisémites auprès d’une large partie de la population musulmane.
Demi-juifs, Mischlinge , misti : l’incertaine ligne de partage des persécutions antisémites
Authors: Matard-Bonucci Marie-Anne
Published: December 2016

Cauchemar des racistes et des antisémites, le « métissage » judéo-chrétien fut une pierre d’achoppement des politiques antijuives. Véritable « question » dans la question juive, le sort des conjoints « d’aryens » et des « demi-juifs » fut non seulement un casse-tête pour les administrations mais une source de division au sein des régimes antisémites au cours des années trente et pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. À l’exception du cas allemand, le sort des « mixtes » a peu été étudié par les historiens. Les réflexions présentées ici, centrées sur la situation italienne et les enjeux politico-juridiques de la question, s’intègrent dans une recherche plus large, consacrée à la persécution des familles « mixtes » dans l’Italie fasciste et la France de Vichy. Le point de vue des acteurs de la politique antisémite y est privilégié. Toutefois, dans une perspective « d’histoire intégrée de la Shoah », les effets de la discrimination des « demi-juifs » et les stratégies de défense et de survie des victimes sont également évoqués.
Les permanences de l’antisémitisme antimondialiste (fin XIX e -début XXI e siècle)
Authors: Bruneteau Bernard
Published: December 2016

Mettant en doute le concept de « nouvel antisémitisme », l’histoire des idées privilégie les éléments de continuité dans les thématiques centrales de l’antisémitisme. La stigmatisation du mondialisme apparaît ainsi consubstantielle à l’idéologie antisémite dès le dernier tiers du XIX e siècle. Cette permanence s’illustre dans le va-et-vient entre références anciennes et tableau apocalyptique de la mondialisation caractérisant de nos jours les écrits d’Alain Soral et de son groupe. Cette réactualisation idéologique engage donc à revenir sur les ressorts de la cristallisation antimondialiste au sein du dispositif antisémite élaboré à l’époque de Gougenot des Mousseaux, Drumont, Ford et Rosenberg. C’est dans le cadre d’émergence d’un clivage socio-culturel entre intégration et démarcation que doit s’interpréter cet antisémitisme qui associe le monde juif aux grandes prophéties de la modernité économique et politique.
Le numérique et l’économie éditoriale des revues scientifiques
Authors: Anheim Étienne
Published: December 2016

Cet article pose la question des effets économiques de la transition numérique dans le cas des revues de sciences humaines et sociales, à partir du cas des Annales. Histoire, Sciences sociales . Il s’interroge sur le modèle économique de la revue et sur son évolution dans un contexte où la diffusion électronique par bouquet augmente et où les abonnements à la revue diminuent. Le constat paradoxal d’une augmentation totale du lectorat et d’une érosion de la rentabilité conduit à s’interroger sur les différents modes de prise en charge du coût du travail éditorial, dont la préservation est l’enjeu central du débat.
Pour qui écrivons-nous ?
Authors: Lemercier Claire
Published: December 2016

Cet article revient sur dix ans de discussions en France autour de l’accès ouvert aux publications scientifiques, en poursuivant deux objectifs. D’une part, il tente de clarifier certains termes du débat. Il s’agit en particulier de distinguer les nombreuses manières de mettre un article en ligne (par l’auteur ou par la revue, sur un site personnel, dans une archive ouverte ou sur un portail de revues, etc.). Il s’agit également d’envisager une variété de modèles économiques possibles. L’article distingue notamment, outre le modèle classique de l’abonnement, celui de l’auteur-payeur et celui du freemium (financement volontaire par certaines institutions). D’autre part, l’auteure prend position en faveur de l’accès ouvert. Elle souligne qu’il est déjà largement pratiqué en France, tandis que les revues de bien d’autres pays ne deviennent jamais, même plusieurs années après parution, librement accessibles. Elle insiste enfin sur l’enjeu que représente pour les auteur.e.s comme pour les revues de sciences humaines et sociales l’ouverture d’un lectorat immensément plus large que celui des pairs.
En quête de profits. La pratique des changes à Rouen et en Europe de l’Ouest (1580-1640)
Authors: Bottin Jacques
Published: December 2016

L’article examine la fonction que les marchands rouennais assignaient au change dans leur pratique courante. Était-il un simple instrument de paiement ou un facteur d’enrichissement ? L’enquête procède par études de cas, fondées à la fois sur les modèles que proposaient les manuels de comptabilité et sur l’analyse détaillée de l’activité qu’un certain nombre de grands marchands rouennais menèrent, entre 1580 et les années 1630, sur leur théâtre principal d’opérations sur la façade atlantique, entre Séville et Hambourg, et jusqu’à Francfort et Lyon, dans l’intérieur. Les observations témoignent de l’ampleur du rattrapage technique réalisé par les opérateurs rouennais face à leurs concurrents méridionaux, dans un contexte de collaboration/concurrence entre groupes d’opérateurs d’origines variées –  a contrario du stéréotype, véhiculé par l’historiographie, d’un retard français en matière commerciale avant le XVIII e siècle, et de l’affirmation d’une exclusivité des marchands-banquiers dans la maîtrise des pratiques spéculatives du cambio per arte . Donnant la priorité au commerce de marchandises, les ténors du négoce rouennais n’en savaient pas moins faire du change une activité génératrice de profit. La similarité de leurs stratégies conduit aussi à reconsidérer les relations entre les places à l’échelle européenne, et à souligner le caractère systémique des articulations fonctionnelles qui liaient notamment Rouen, Séville et Anvers, mais aussi Paris et Lyon.
La libération conditionnelle en France de 1885 aux années 1930. De la loi à la pratique
Authors: Génard Elsa
Published: December 2016

La loi de libération conditionnelle votée en 1885 symbolise le consensus sur la nécessité d’une transition entre l’enfermement et la liberté, depuis la III e République. Sa longévité n’efface pourtant pas les rapports de force et de concurrence qui ont entouré son application. Cet article se propose d’analyser le passage de la loi à son incarnation dans une procédure administrative mettant en jeu une multiplicité d’acteurs. Il s’appuie sur une étude des dossiers de libération conditionnelle de la maison centrale de Fontevrault dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Ces sources permettent une plongée au cœur de la pratique routinisée des agents pénitentiaires, qui se réapproprient consignes et règles pour proposer les détenus au bénéfice de la libération conditionnelle. Cette étude tente de montrer que l’application de la libération conditionnelle relève d’un processus de décision verrouillé et opaque, au sein duquel les marges de manœuvre des détenus sont quasiment réduites à néant.
Tout est-il colonial dans le Maghreb ? Ce que les travaux des historiens modernistes peuvent apporter
Authors: Grangaud Isabelle , Oualdi M’hamed
Published: December 2016

L’histoire coloniale, par sa violence et par les transformations majeures qu’elle a impulsées dans les sociétés du Maghreb tend à constituer un horizon du passé qui opacifie des dynamiques historiques bien plus anciennes. Cet article n’entend pas seulement mettre en perspective la réalité de cette ancienneté. Il suggère que la considération de la longue durée peut transformer l’intelligibilité et les cadres d’analyse de l’histoire maghrébine en général et du « moment colonial » en particulier. Une première partie analyse les lignes de forces du champ des études coloniales ; elle souligne cependant les apories liées à la rigidité des cadres temporels et spatiaux considérés. Dans une seconde partie, l’article met en perspective les désenclavements que permettrait la prise en compte des temps modernes – et avec eux des legs médiévaux – en considérant trois directions : le temps, nos conceptions des territoires maghrébins et nos lectures des sources.
Psychologie des sentiments et mémoire affective. De Ribot à Proust
Authors: Carroy Jacqueline
Published: December 2016

En 1894, et surtout en 1896 ( La Psychologie des sentiments ) , Ribot baptisa sa nouvelle psychologie « affective ». La poésie symboliste, la musique, l’amour, la sexualité, la nostalgie illustraient ses nouvelles investigations. Il mit en avant un type de mémoire qu’il appela « mémoire affective ». Il supposa l’existence de souvenirs purs, affectifs et corporels et excluant des représentations mentales. Cette nouvelle orientation psychologique était liée à de nouvelles méthodes. Loin de condamner l’introspection, il publia des auto-observations, comme celle du poète Sully-Prudhomme revivant un amour de jeunesse. Le thème de la mémoire affective était sujet à controverse parmi les philosophes et les psychologues, mais il séduisait des amateurs, des critiques littéraires et des romanciers. On peut comprendre ainsi qu’il inspira l’intrigue centrale de La recherche du temps perdu de Proust .
Quantification of FITC-labelled probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV 001P during gastrointestinal transit in broilers
Authors: Blajman J.E. , Astesana D.M. , Zimmermann J.A. , Rossler E. , Scharpen A. Romero , Berisvil A.P. , Zbrun M.V. , Soto L.P. , Rosmini M.R. , Frizzo L.S.
Published: December 2016

The knowledge related to the fate of probiotics in the complex environment of the intestinal microbiota in broilers is just beginning to be elucidated; however, it is not yet well understood. A good method to investigate the mechanisms by which probiotics mediate their effects is to mark probiotic bacteria and trace them. The aim of this research was to develop a new method to estimate in vivo fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV 001P counts during passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broilers. Forty-five, 1 d old Cobb broilers were used in this trial. Programmed necropsies were performed 30 min, 6 h, and 12 h after the administration of the probiotic bacterium, and samples of liver, crop, duodenum, caecum, and bursa of fabricius were collected. To determine the spatial and temporal transit of L. salivarius DSPV 001P in broilers, the number of bacteria as well as its respective fluorescent signal produced by FITC were measured. In order to observe the relationship between the variables, a logistic regression analysis was applied. The amount of fluorescence could be used as an indicator of fluorescent probiotic bacteria in the crop and duodenum 30 min after probiotic bacterium supplementation. In addition, the fluorescent signal could be used to estimate bacterial counts in caecum 6 and 12 h after L. salivarius DSPV 001P administration. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first in vivo trial to employ the bacterial FITC-labelling technique in order to enumerate probiotic bacteria during gastrointestinal transit in broilers.
« Manger santé » et être en quête de plaisir pendant un cancer
Authors: Lorcy Armelle
Published: December 2016

Dans un contexte de globalisation de la norme nutritionnelle (manger des aliments sains ou préservant la santé), préconisée afin de réduire « les maladies chroniques non transmissibles » (maladies-cardio-vasculaires, cancer entre autres) et de favoriser le bien-être des individus, comment des personnes malades vivent-elles cette injonction sociale dans leur quotidien ? La réflexion proposée repose sur une étude anthropologique conduite en 2012 et 2013 dans un CHU au Québec sur l’expérience d’une chimiothérapie anticancéreuse pouvant induire des troubles alimentaires. La recherche a été réalisée par observations et entretiens semi-directifs auprès de soignants et de 21 femmes traitées pour un cancer gynécologique. L’article a trois objectifs. D’une part, il s’agit de montrer l’intériorisation de la norme de santé par des soignées pouvant contraster néanmoins avec la réalité de leurs comportements. D’autre part, l’intérêt est d’analyser l’expérience affective de cette norme aux effets ambivalents, puis le sens donné à une norme concurrente (manger avec plaisir) qui s’impose en cancérologie en situation de difficultés alimentaires. Cela permet d’interroger enfin la place du plaisir dans l’éducation nutritionnelle et l’expérience d’une maladie chronique, et les limites d’une norme de santé globalisée.
L’« étiquette royale » : Marguerite-Louise d’Orléans à l’épreuve de Florence
Authors: Lagioia Vincenzo
Published: December 2016

Le mariage de Marguerite-Louise d’Orléans, fille de Gaston de France, duc d’Orléans, et de Marguerite de Lorraine, avec le prince Côme III de Médicis, fils de Ferdinand II et de Vittoria della Rovere, s’inscrit dans la longue liste des unions malheureuses auxquelles l’historiographie a réservé une place marginale, sauf dans la perspective d’une histoire générale de la famille, comme celle sur laquelle l’historien anglais Lawrence Stone a longuement travaillé (Stone 1973, 1977 et 1990). La princesse faisait partie de ces femmes de la grande aristocratie ou de sang royal qui jouaient un rôle important dans les équilibres politiques entre dynasties et nations en servant de précieuse monnaie d’échange lors de négociations matrimoniales. Elles y étaient préparées par leur éducation, tout comme elles devaient assimiler les règles de l’étiquette, non comme de simples formalités mais comme éléments substantiels d’une vie de souveraine. Ce bagage, la fille aînée du duc d’Orléans (de son second mariage) l’avait donc acquis et intégré lorsqu’elle arriva à la cour des grands-ducs de Toscane, et qu’elle dut affronter la rigide étiquette florentine.
Some Considerations about SWIR Gated Camera Performance by Using SNR and Detection Probability Concepts
Authors: Spulber Catalin , Borcan Octavia
Published: December 2016

The aim of this paper was to assess the improvement which can be add to the surveillance process which is affected by transmission and atmospheric turbulence using a Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) camera with image gating technology instead of a regular SWIR camera. As criteria for comparative analysis of their performance there were considered two key indicators: Target Detection Probability (Pdet) and image quality, materialized through Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The authors have considered a case study which revealed that turbulence and visibility of atmospheric influence less the operability of a SWIR system with image gating than a regular SWIR camera, especially in situations where visibility of the air is very low (less than 1 km). To analyze the behavior of the acquired image in variable atmospheric conditions there were used simulation software image as NVLaserID and SSCamIP.
Case Study for Replacing the DAM 6X40 Lathe with Doosan LYNX 220 Lathe for Processing the Part "Body of Spark Plug"
Authors: Otel Călin Ciprian , Păcurar Razvan , Filip Daniel , Steopan Monica , Frîncu Paul
Published: December 2016

This paper aims to provide the economic calculations that were made in order to make a comparison between the old technology used by a company, multi-spindle lathe DAM 6X40 and new technology that should be acquired, CNC lathe Doosan LYNX 220 for processing the part entitled "body of spark plug". The investment in the new technology is urgently needed given the age of the existing technology but the company wants to know in advance what are the costs and how long it would be able to recover the investment. In this regard were calculated the time rate for the operation, economy with direct wages, production capacity, amortization of the fixed assets, cost of the part at the enterprise-level and the return period of additional investment.
An Idea of Computer Aided Eye Exercises System Based on Bates Method
Authors: Mikołajczyk Tadeusz , Skornia Marika , Ciobanu Ileana , Berteanu Mihai
Published: December 2016

Vision is one of the most important senses. As a result of different medical conditions and of changes occurring with age, vision may be disturbed or even disappear completely. In many situations ophthalmologists prescribe glasses. However, there are other methods that can provide not compensation of the visual deficits, but visual rehabilitation, providing maintenance and improvement of the quality of eyesight. These include among others, the Bates method. This method is based on the assumption that vision exercises can keep the eye muscles in good shape and maintain appropriate nutritive and oxygen supply to the eye, making possible vision without eye glasses. The paper presents an application that supports the implementation of the sight exercises by Bates concept and the results of a preliminary study applying this method.
Design and Implementation of Remote Lab with Industrial Robot Accessible through the Web
Authors: Vagaš Marek , Sukop Marek , Varga Jozef
Published: December 2016

This paper describes design and implementation of remote lab with industrial robot accessible through the web based on Moodle portal, Easy Java Simulations (EJS) and Arduino Sw & Hw. The main purpose of this lab is to improve study, training and programming knowledge in industrial and service robotics for students, teachers of secondary vocational schools and company workers that deal with problems that arise on real robotic workplaces. This lab allows the user to work from their homes and operates with industrial robot at real workplace. Such remote lab can also enable users to use expensive lab equipment, which is not usually available to all persons. Practical example of application of the lab with industrial robot on Department of Robotics, Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia is presented.
Improvement of the Sorption Characteristics of Diatomite by Heat Treatment
Authors: Aguedal Hakim , Hentit Hafida , Merouani Djillali Reda , Iddou Abdelkader , Shishkin Andrei , Jumas Jean Claude
Published: December 2016

In this paper, the adsorption of Orange Bezaktiv (SRL-150), onto Diatomite treated at 100°C (Dt-100) and at 300°C (Dt-300) was investigated in aqueous solution. The crystalline phases and surface study of Dt-100 and Dt-300 was investigated using respectively XRD, SEM, FTIR, and BET. The effect of operational parameters such as pH, contact time and, initial dye concentration was studied. From the obtained results there is not drastic difference in the crystalline phases between the obtained materials Dt-100 and Dt-300. The treatment at 300°C increases slightly the specific surface area from 11.09 to 16.12 m2/g, and pores volume. The results of adsorption tests show, that the most suitable pH and equilibrium time were respectively 2 and 30 min, at an adsorbent dosage of 2 g/L. The kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption results fitted very well with pseudo-second order model (R2 = 0.99 for both adsorbents). Adsorption isotherms results were in accordance with Freundlich.
Removal of Phosphates from Water Using Eggshell Bio Sorbents
Authors: Smirnova Anastasija , Kalnina Daina , Locs Janis
Published: December 2016

The present study focuses on the preparation and use of biosorbents produced from eggshells. Hen eggshells are produced as a by-product in large quantities by food manufacturers. The costs associated with eggshell disposal (mainly on landfill sites) are significant and expected to continue increasing as landfill taxes increase.The environmental significance of phosphorus arises from its role as a major nutrient for both plants and microorganisms. The adsorption efficiency of phosphate ions from the obtained biosorbents - raw eggshell powders - is studied at room temperature in static conditions. The effect of phosphate concentration and sorbent mass on the efficiency of the process is evaluated, as well as sorption kinetics are investigated. The structure, phase composition, porosity, specific surface area and morphology of obtained biosorbents is determined. The utilization of eggshells as an abundant, cheap and biodegradable material for the removal of phosphates is studied and discussed.
Hydroxyapatite/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite In Situ Synthesis for Hydrogel Formation
Authors: Vojevodova Anna , Loca Dagnija
Published: December 2016

It is well known that polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel-based (PVA-H) biomaterials are promising materials for damaged articular cartilage replacement, but their application for bone tissue engineering is restricted due to insufficient mechanical properties. Thus, to meet the demands of the bone substitute material, PVA-H are reinforced with hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals. The current research is focused on the preparation of nanosized hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol (n-HAp/PVA) composite material that mimics the microstructure and mechanical properties of natural bone tissue. The aim of this work is to determine the impact of various technological parameters of n-HAp/PVA composite in situ synthesis on the chemical purity of final product. Obtained results confirmed that the main inorganic phase of the composite material is HAp with an average crystallite size of 20.39 nm, however β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and CaO phases are also present. Obtained results showed that it is possible to decrease the amount of potentially harmful by-products, e.g. CaO in the composite material from 1.57wt% to 0.32wt% by increasing the homogenization speed of starting suspension from 400 rpm up to 7000 rpm, though the main influence on the obtained products chemical purity has 5wt% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution. Based on the results, it is concluded that the combination of starting suspension stirring temperature, homogenization speed and homogenization time of 23°C, 7000 rpm and 2 min, respectively, allows to obtain nanocomposite with the lowest amount of impurities (HAp: 98.08wt%; β-TCP: 1.60wt%; CaO: 0.32wt%).
Characterization of Crystalline Structure and Morphology of Ga2O3 Thin Film Grown by MOCVD Technique
Authors: Kjapsna Alvars , Dimitrocenko Lauris , Tale Ivars , Trukhin Anatoly , Ignatans Reinis , Grants Rolands
Published: December 2016

Growth of gallium oxide thin film was realized with MOCVD on (0001) sapphire substrate. Structural and compositional properties of thin film were studied employing trimethylgallium and water as precursors, carrier gases were H2 and N2. Obtained film is polycrystalline and predominantly consisted of (201) oriented β-Ga2O3. Sample exhibited blue luminescence which is attributed to oxygen vacancies. H2 gas proved to have beneficial effect on film quality and overall growth process.
Research of Laser Cladding of the Powder Materials for Die Repair
Authors: Locs Sergejs , Boiko Irina , Mironov Viktor , Tamanis Edmunds , Devoyno Oleg
Published: December 2016

The study of laser cladding of powder materials (H13, A11 and M2) onto the tool steel 41Cr4 and C80U was conducted with the aim to establish the influence of overlap ratio, scanning speed and powder feed rate as well as appliance of post-heat treatment on the coating quality and mechanical properties. The highest hardness was achieved for A11 and M2 cladding materials, lowest coefficient of friction – for H13 and M2 coatings. It could be recommended to apply the laser cladding at larger percentage of overlap (50%).
New Composite Materials Based on Intermetallics for Protection Details of Hydropower Equipment from Cavitation, Hydroabrasive and Corrosion Wear
Authors: Poliarus Olena , Umanskyi Oleksandr , Boiko Irina , Puhachevska Yevheniia
Published: December 2016

The corrosion behavior in seawater of NiAl and NiTi intermetallics and composites based on them has been studied in this paper. It was shown that the developed composite NiTi-30 wt.% CrB2 hardly corrodes. The developed materials are meant for protect different shipbuilding details and details of hydropower equipment from aggressive sea water environments, as well as against hydro-abrasive and cavitation wear.
Influence of Machining Parameters on 3D Surface Roughness of Powder Bushings
Authors: Mironov Viktor , Stankevics Pavels , Kromanis Artis , Lungevics Janis
Published: December 2016

The paper presents the results on research of machining anti-friction bushings of lever brake systems of rail transport, wherein the bushings are made of powder material based on iron and copper. Powder composition contains Fe-C-Cu with Ni and Mo content of less than 0.3%, and with reduced phosphorus content. The porosity of the bushings were in the range of 15 – 20 %. The main objective of the work was to determine the optimal machining parameters, as well as to evaluate the quality of the machined surface. The bushing were machined with cutting speed in the range of 130 – 150 m/min. To assess the quality of the machined surfaces the 3D roughness parameters were used, which allow to asses the surface roughness in more accurate details. The microstructure of the samples indicated the presence of pores onto the machined surfaces. It was found that to improve the quality of the surface it is necessary to adjust the parameters of the powder processing of parts with high porosity in the direction of their reduction. Studies of the microstructure and morphology of chips showed that the shape and structure of the chip is highly dependent on the porosity of the material and its processing conditions.
Comparative Analysis of Wear Rates of Microcrystalline Diamond and Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings Deposited on WС-Co Substrates
Authors: Yashin Maxim , Bogatov Andrei , Podgursky Vitali
Published: December 2016

The study investigates the wear of microcrystalline diamond (MCD) and diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings. The MCD and DLC coatings were grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method on WC-Co substrates. The sliding wear tests were performed on the ball-on-plate type of tribometer in reciprocating mode. The ball-cratering wear tests were carried out using Calo tester. The mechanical profilometer, optical and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) were used for investigation of the surface morphology of the wear scars. The wear of DLC coating is more intense in comparison to the MCD coating. In contrast to the MCD coating, no evidence of the DLC coating deflection was found.
Titanate-Based Surface Modification of Paper Waste Particles and its Impact on Rigid Polyurethane Foam Properties
Authors: Kairytė Agnė , Vaitkus Saulius , Vėjelis Sigitas
Published: December 2016

Producing particulate filled polymer composites, even dispersion and sufficient adhesion between filler and polymer matrix is of great importance. In order to solve these issues, methodologies, such as ultrasonic dispersing and coupling agents, are proposed. The impact of particle surface modification with three different titanate coupling agents having the tradenames of TCA L44, TCA L38 and TCA K44 on paper waste sludge particles surface, polyurethane foam composite density, compressive and tensile strengths as well as water absorption and water vapour permeability is evaluated. Apparently, titanates form layer on the particle surface, thus increasing the interfacial adhesion between particles and polymer matrix. Basing on the obtained results, the optimal amount and type of titanate is 1 wt.% of TCA K44.
Monitoring of Kinetics of Pozzolanic Reaction
Authors: Čáchová Monika , Scheinherrová Lenka , Kobera Libor , Urbanová Martina , Brus Jiří , Keppert Martin
Published: December 2016

The pozzolanic additions are widely used as concrete component for numerous technical, economic and environmental reasons. Obviously the hydration process in a pozzolana containing system differs from hydration of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) what is indicated macroscopically by slower increase of strength and lower hydration heat. This paper aims to study pozzolanic reaction from perspective of chemical kinetics. From this point of view pozzolanic reaction and carbonation are two parallel reactions which are competing for portlandite (Ca (OH)2). The rate of each of these two reactions is characterized by rate constant and order of reaction. The system under study was 1:1 mixture lime – ceramic powder. The course of reaction was primarily studied by thermogravimetry which results were further subjected to kinetic analysis. MAS NMR spectroscopy was used for study of structural changes taking place in material in the course of pozzolanic reaction.
Impact of Milling Intensifiers on Specific Surface Area of Cement
Authors: Dolák Dušan , Dvořák Karel
Published: December 2016

Milling of cement is one of the more demanding procedures in cement production. During milling process, fine particles have tendency to aggregate. This paper focuses on effect of intensifiers of milling. Conventional industrial intensifiers, as well as clean basis, as are glycerol or triethanolamine were used. Milling took place in laboratory planetary mill. Mixtures with intensifiers increased their specific surface area faster than reference in first 10 minutes of milling, but after 20 minutes specific surface area of all mixtures reached maximal values. Additional milling caused reduction of specific surface area. This effect was less pronounced when intensifiers were used. Usage of intensifiers has many benefits, but it should be considered in relation to the used mill and ecological situation.
Preliminary Study on Design of Biological Shielding Concrete - Selection of Binder
Authors: Koťátková Jaroslava , Reiterman Pavel
Published: December 2016

The preliminary study is targeted at the design of different mixtures of biological shielding concrete for later investigation of the effects of nuclear radiation and heat on its durability. The article deals with the investigation of the properties of cement pastes prepared from two different cement types and the selection of the proper binder for biological shielding concrete. Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R was selected as the representative binder of commonly used binder for shielding concrete (e. g. in the Czech nuclear power plant Temelín) and Portland blast furnace slag cement CEM II/B-S 32.5 was chosen for its anticipated better performance. Mechanical properties and volume changes in time were studied on two sets of samples – stored in laboratory conditions, resp. in water. Results revealed higher flexural strength for pastes made from CEM II/B-S 32.5 for both storage conditions and also slightly higher compressive strength. Higher differences between the values of single samples measured in time referred to a postponed hydration process of the blended cement, which is important for slower heat evolution and lower shrinkage. The measurement of volume changes proved the expected better performance of CEM II/B-S 32.5 in terms of shrinkage. From the obtained results, the Portland blast furnace slag cement CEM II/B-S 32.5 was evaluated as the better alternative for biological shielding concrete binder.
Effect of Microfillers on Selected Destructive and Nondestructive Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars: Different Types of Recycled Materials
Authors: Plachý Tomáš , Tesárek Pavel , Hlubocký Lukáš , Hrůza Jaromír , Fládr Jozef , Trejbal Jan , Prošek Zdeněk
Published: December 2016

The paper presents the use of non-destructive testing to determine the evolution of mechanical properties. For testing, we used the resonance method. The measuring device of company Brüel&Kjær was used. Specifically, evolution of dynamic modulus of elasticity (determined from the longitudinal and transverse vibration) and the shear modulus was determined for the first 28 days after production of the samples. The results of non-destructive method were also used for verifying the relevance of the results of destructive testing, specifically the results of the compressive strength and a three-point flexural strength. Testing of mechanical properties was performed on samples of cement mortars, where the micronized recycled concrete and micronized marble powder were used as microfillers, both materials were prepared on a high-speed mill of the Lavaris company (Czech Republic).
Comparison of Different Types of Glass Reinforcement for HPC Facade Elements from Mechanical and Economical Aspects
Authors: Laiblová Lenka , Vlach Tomáš , Ženíšek Michal , Kumar Anuj , Hájek Petr
Published: December 2016

Concrete as the one of the most used material in civil engineering has also a very high negative environmental impact. In recent years’ environmental parameters of all building materials become the most important aspect. Especially reduction of concrete is becoming a very hot topic around the word because it can lead to the reduction of environmental impacts especially the consumption of primary energy, primary non-renewable materials and CO2 production. Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is one of the possibilities to reduce amount of concrete in the structures. It is possible to design very thin structures because of non-corrosive properties of textile reinforcement and thus distinctly reduce the thickness. Combination with high performance concrete (HPC) allows to creating construction with mechanical properties on a required high level. This paper presents mechanical and economical comparison of different types of AR-glass reinforcement for HPC facade elements with the same amount of concrete.
Foam Concrete Gravity Wedges as a Thermal Insulation of Flat Roofs
Authors: Mikulica Karel , Labaj Martin
Published: December 2016

Proper selection of thermal insulation materials is an essential part of almost any construction project, whether it is a new construction, renovation or revitalization. There is a large number of materials available on the market and it is often very difficult to have a good grasp. Though some material has very similar features, they often cannot replace each other. The same applies to single-shell flat roofs. So far the most often used thermal insulation boards are from polystyrene and mineral wool. Their installation is accompanied by a large volume of waste. The experimental part deals with the general assessment of the behavior and properties of foam concrete. This allows simplification of technology of thermal insulation laying. Besides the construction speed up and the overall cost reduction the improvement in mechanical properties of the roof structure has been achieved.
Application of Seed Treatments to Increase Germinability of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) Seeds under in vitro Conditions
Authors: Dahanayake Nilanthi
Published: December 2016

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) has great commercial value as a spice in Sri Lanka. Due to the presence of hard seed coat, cardamom has low seed germination potential. Therefore the present study was conducted to study the potential to improve the seed germination by applying different mechanical, physical and chemical treatments and to develop a cost effective and rapid seed germination method in in vitro conditions.Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with ten replicates was used for the study. The seeds of cardamom were treated with 40 different seed treatments and surface sterilized by using 20% clorex. MS basal medium was used without plant growth regulators and solidified by 0.6% agar. Anova (DMRT) test showed that there were significant effects at p<0.05 level on seed germination of cardamom seeds with different seed treatments.According to the results 50% HNO3 for 15 min exposure was the best treatment to obtain higher number of germinated seeds (90%) within 6 weeks upto 0.6 cm height. The second and third best treatments were 75% HNO3 for 15 min and 75% HNO3 for 10 min which showed 80% and 65% seed germination percentages respectively. This experiment showed chemical treatment (HNO3) is the best to induce seed germination of E. cardamomum in in vitro conditions. The results obtained in this study will be important for plant breeders and farmers who cultivate these species commercially.
Whole-Killed Blood-Stage Vaccine-Induced Immunity Suppresses the Development of Malaria Parasites in Mosquitoes
Authors: Zhu Feng , Liu Taiping , Zhao Chenhao , Lu Xiao , Zhang Jian , Xu Wenyue
Published: December 2016

As a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine alone does not confer a direct benefit to the recipient, it is necessary to develop a vaccine that not only blocks malaria transmission but also protects vaccinated individuals. In this study we observed that a whole-killed blood-stage vaccine (WKV) not only conferred protection against the blood-stage challenge but also markedly inhibited the transmission of different strains of the malaria parasite. Although the parasitemia is much lower in WKV-immunized mice challenged with malaria parasites, the gametocytemia is comparable between control and immunized mice during the early stages of infection. The depletion of CD4+ T cells prior to the adoptive transfer of parasites into WKV-immunized mice has no effect on the development of the malaria parasite in the mosquito, but the adoptive transfer of the serum from the immunized mice into the parasite-inoculated mice remarkably suppresses the development of malaria parasites in mosquitoes. Furthermore, immunized mice challenged with the malaria parasite generate higher levels of parasite-specific Abs and the inflammatory cytokines MCP-1 and IFN-γ. However, the adoptive transfer of parasite-specific IgG or the depletion of MCP-1, but not IFN-γ, to some extent is closely associated with the suppression of malaria parasite development in mosquitoes. These data strongly suggest that WKV-induced immune responses confer protection against the mosquito stage, which is largely dependent on malaria parasite-specific Abs and MCP-1. This finding sheds new light on blocking malaria transmission through the immunization of individuals with the WKV.
Uric Acid Crystals Induce Placental Inflammation and Alter Trophoblast Function via an IL-1–Dependent Pathway: Implications for Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Brien Marie-Eve , Duval Cyntia , Palacios Julia , Boufaied Ines , Hudon-Thibeault Andrée-Anne , Nadeau-Vallée Mathieu , Vaillancourt Cathy , Sibley Colin P. , Abrahams Vikki M. , Jones Rebecca L. , Girard Sylvie
Published: December 2016

Excessive placental inflammation is associated with several pathological conditions, including stillbirth and fetal growth restriction. Although infection is a known cause of inflammation, a significant proportion of pregnancies have evidence of inflammation without any detectable infection. Inflammation can also be triggered by endogenous mediators, called damage associated molecular patterns or alarmins. One of these damage-associated molecular patterns, uric acid, is increased in the maternal circulation in pathological pregnancies and is a known agonist of the Nlrp3 inflammasome and inducer of inflammation. However, its effects within the placenta and on pregnancy outcomes remain largely unknown. We found that uric acid (monosodium urate [MSU]) crystals induce a proinflammatory profile in isolated human term cytotrophoblast cells, with a predominant secretion of IL-1β and IL-6, a result confirmed in human term placental explants. The proinflammatory effects of MSU crystals were shown to be IL-1–dependent using a caspase-1 inhibitor (inhibits IL-1 maturation) and IL-1Ra (inhibits IL-1 signaling). The proinflammatory effect of MSU crystals was accompanied by trophoblast apoptosis and decreased syncytialization. Correspondingly, administration of MSU crystals to rats during late gestation induced placental inflammation and was associated with fetal growth restriction. These results make a strong case for an active proinflammatory role of MSU crystals at the maternal–fetal interface in pathological pregnancies, and highlight a key mediating role of IL-1. Furthermore, our study describes a novel in vivo animal model of noninfectious inflammation during pregnancy, which is triggered by MSU crystals and leads to reduced fetal growth.
T and B Cell Markers in Dried Blood Spots of Neonates with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: B Cell Numbers at Birth Are Associated with Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Rovito Roberta , Korndewal Marjolein J. , van Zelm Menno C. , Ziagkos Dimitrios , Wessels Els , van der Burg Mirjam , Kroes Aloys C. M. , Langerak Anton W. , Vossen Ann C. T. M.
Published: December 2016

Congenital CMV infection (cCMV) is the most common congenital infection that can cause long-term impairment (LTI). The pathogenesis of LTI is not completely understood. Fetal immunity may play a role in controlling the infection and preventing LTI, although immune activation may also contribute to fetal immunopathology. In this study, we analyzed various molecular markers of T and B cell numbers in neonatal dried blood spots of 99 children with cCMV and 54 children without cCMV: δRec-ψJα signal joints on TCR excision circles, intron recombination signal sequence k-deleting element signal joints on Igκ-deleting recombination excision circles, genomic intron recombination signal sequence k-deleting element coding joint, genomic Vδ1-Jδ1, and Vδ2-Jδ1 rearrangements. Of this cohort, clinical symptoms at birth and LTI at 6 y of age were recorded. Neonates with cCMV had fewer TCR excision circles in their blood than non-infected controls. Furthermore, cCMV infection was associated with increased numbers of γδ T cells and B cells, and these numbers were positively correlated with CMV viral load in the dried blood spots. Infected children with a better long-term outcome had higher numbers of B cells at birth than those who developed LTI; no difference in B cell replication was observed. The potential protective role of B cells in controlling cCMV-related disease and the clinical value of this marker as a predictor of long-term outcome merit further evaluation.
Curriculum design in theology and development: Human agency and the prophetic role of the church
Authors: Haddad Beverley
Published: December 2016

The field of theology and development is a relatively new sub-discipline within theological studies in Africa. The first formal post-graduate programme was introduced at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa during the mid-1990s. In the early years it was known as the Leadership and Development programme and since 2000, as the Theology and Development programme. Over the past twenty years, this programme has graduated over 160 BTh Honours, 100 MTh, and 15 PhD students. This article outlines the history of the programme, addresses its ideological orientation, its pedagogical commitments and preferences in curriculum design. It further argues that theological reflection on “development” must seek to understand the prophetic role of the church in responding to the complexities of the social issues facing the African continent.  Key to this discussion is the contested nature of “development” and the need for theological perspectives to engage this contestation through a social analysis of the global structures of injustice. This requires an engagement with the social sciences. It is this engagement of the social sciences with theological reflection, the essay argues, that has enabled the students who have graduated from the Theology and Development Programme at the University of KwaZulu-Natal to assist the church and faith-based organisations to become effective agents of social transformation.
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF FECAL STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Tilton Richard C. , Litsky Warren
Published: December 2016

Fecal streptococci were isolated from human and animal feces and frozen meat and poultry pies. Organisms from these sources could be classified in three major groups: Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus faecium, and Streptococcus bovis. Attempts to relate the presence of such organisms to their fecal source using the heat-tellurite test were unsuccessful. A positive correlation was noted between the ability of these organisms to reduce tetrazolium and tellurite and their fecal source.
STAPHYLOCOCCI SHED IN MILK OF FRESHENED HEIFERS FOLLOWING THE USE OF MILKING MACHINES
Authors: Warren H. B. , Arends R. E.
Published: December 2016

The transmission of staphylococcal strains prevalent in the milk of 3 dairy herds to their respective, freshened heifers following the use of the milking machine was traced by phage typing. The introduction of new cows to 1 herd provided 1 staphylococcal strain that predominated in the herd. Some heifers acquired staphylococcal strains identical to those found in the herd within 1 wk following the use of the milking machine.
BACTERIA AND YEAST COUNTS OF PREPACKAGED, SLICED, CURED BACON, AND SLICED, FRESH SIDE PORK1
Authors: Miller William A.
Published: December 2016

Initial counts of 161 packages (21 brands) of sliced, cured bacon (yeasts and bacteria combined) ranged from <1,000 to 30 million per cm2. After 3 to 14 days at 3 to 6 C counts ranged from <1,000 to 650 million per cm2. Brand F showed the highest counts, and numerous small yeast colonies were seen on the lean. Abnormal odors and sliminess were observed in some samples. Initial bacterial counts on sliced, fresh side pork (53 packages, 2 brands, 2 stores) varied from <1,000 to 25 million per cm2. Species of Pseudomonas and Achromobacter dominated and counts were higher in packages from Store A, rising to 1 billion per cm2 in 6 to 7 days at 6 C.
STARTER CULTURES FOR CHEDDAR CHEESE1,2,3
Authors: Vedamuthu E. R. , Reinbold G. W.
Published: December 2016

Starter bacteria play very important roles in the cheese vat including major contributions to flavor development and control of harmful microorganisms; hence, starter production is the single most important operation in Cheddar cheese production. Thus, the proper selection, blending, preservation, and packaging of starter strains by the culture suppliers and the adoption of strict sanitation, temperature control, and standardized procedures in cheese plants for bulk starter production would contribute toward ensuring a sound and unfailing starter program in the cheese industry.
REUSE OF CLEANING SOLUTIONS IN CIP1
Authors: Smith G. A. , Hedrick T. I.
Published: December 2016

Reuse of chlorinated alkali cleaning solution for milk plant equipment involving nonheated surfaces was satisfactory from a cleaning and sanitation viewpoint. The cost of the cleaning compound was reduced from 43.50 cents the first 2 weeks to 14.50 cents per circuit the last 2 weeks. The average was 24.00 cents per circuit during 4 months. The high usage at the start was due to dilution by prerinse water and cleaning solution loss from air locking of the pumps. Problem of air locking was corrected by use of air operated ejectors. The cleaning compounds cost during the single use system averaged 23.58 cents for each raw milk tank and tanker circuit and 33.00 cents per circuit for tubing and processed milk tank.