bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnomathematics on Surabaya Regional song notation
Authors: Indrawati D , Septiana A H Z , Rahmawati I , Siwi D A , Mariana N , Wiryanto W , Istianah F
Published: August 2021

Music correlates to mathematics in the form of pattern concepts, formulas, and calculations that can be used as variations of ethnomathematics-based learning. One of the mathematics learning’s goals, according to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), is a cultural purpose. This research aims to describe the results of mathematical element analysis in Surabaya regional songs. The research method used was qualitatively descriptive. The data sources used in this study were researchers, literatures, and field practitioners. Data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation studies. The documentation study was carried out by making a literature assessment corresponding to the required data. The data analysis technique used was Miles and Huberman’s models encompassing data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing stages. The results of study showed that there is a mathematical element in the regional song from Surabaya. The mathematical elements found in the analysis of block notation scores and number notations are summation of same-number fractions, summation of different fractions, multiplication of fractions, data processing in modes form, as well as data presentation in the form of tables, bar diagrams, and line charts. In addition to finding the mathematical elements in Surabaya regional songs, this study also proves that there is a correlation between music and mathematics.
Introducing SFH (STEM From Home) through Webinar program: A descriptive study
Authors: Yuniarti Y , Yanthi N , Yunansah H , Kurniawan D T , Sukardi R R
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic suddenly compels pupils to study from home. Primary school teachers face difficulties to present learning at home, even more parents who have a new role as a teacher at home. The purpose of the research was gaining parents and primary school teachers opinion on Webinar Program SFH (STEM From Home) as a stimulator to create fun and creative learning at home. It was a descriptive study with purposive sampling technique. The samples of the research were teachers and parents who needed creative learning references from home. The instruments were questionnaires and open-ended questions that investigated their opinion on the webinar program. The data were triangulated to gain comprehensive findings. The findings of the Webinar Program SFH are very important as a foundation for further research in carrying out fun and creative science learning from home. The results showed that primary school teachers and parents gave positive feedback to Webinar Program SFH. They gained a new perspective to present science teaching with fun and creative method although it is conducted from home.
Effects of Liquid and Solid Organic Fertilizer from Urine and Feces of Cow on Rice Production
Authors: Sutardi  , Gunawan  , Winarti E , Cahyaningrum N
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of Liquid and Solid Organic fertilizers from Urine and feces of Cows on Rice Production. It was conducted on March-July, 2019 in Siti Mulyo village, Piyungan sub-district, and Bawuran village, Pleret sub-district, Bantul regency, Indonesia. Furthermore, about 74 farmers were included and were divided into three differing patterns (A, B, and C) of 16, 30 28 respectively. Farmers in A and B conducted solid and liquid organic fertilizer application methods for 4 ton/ha and 3.2 liter/ha. The rice planting system of A was similar Tajarwo 4:1 while B appeared as squares (25 cm × 25 cm). Pattern C farmers used fertilizer and rice planting systems according to their habits. The variables observed were plant height at harvest, number of productive tillers, panicle length, amount of grain/panicle, amount of green grain/panicle, and dry gain production. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test for significant differences. The results of the study showed that the growth of rice cropping patterns A, B, and C were not different. However, rice production was significantly different, where pattern A, B, and C was 8.36 ± 1.48 t ha-1, 7.84 ± 1.24 t ha-1 and 7.48 ± 0.54 t ha-1 respectively.
Incorporation of purslane extract (Portulaca oleracea) to chitosan edible film as a packaging material to prevent damage of mozzarella cheese during storage
Authors: Pratiwi I , Susilowati A , Pangastuti A
Published: August 2021

Mozzarella cheese is usually packaged using non-biodegradable plastic, and edible films are used as a more environmentally friendly alternative. Furthermore, incorporating bioactive compounds into the edible film helps prevent microorganism damage and oxidation to the product. One of the traditional herbal plants that have the characteristics as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent is the Purslane (Portulaca oleracea). This study aims to determine the effect of purslane extract in chitosan edible film to inhibit microbiological and oxidative damage to mozzarella cheese. Purslane ethanol extract was added to the chitosan mixture for film making and then the film was applied to wrap the mozzarella cheese. The mozzarella cheese was then stored at room temperature (27 °C) and in the refrigerator at a temperature of (4 °C). The tests to determine the quality of the cheese were performed on day 0; 3; 6; 9 respectively, during the storage, which involves determining total bacteria and mold yeast using the Total Plate Count test, while oxidation damage was measured using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. Based on data analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis method, during 9 days of storage, the incorporation of purslane extract to the edible film significantly inhibited the growth of microorganisms and oxidative damage in the mozzarella cheese packed, compared to control and the use of chitosan edible film alone. In conclusion, Chitosan edible film with purslane extract can be used as a substitute for plastic packaging to preserve mozzarella cheese during storage at room temperature or in the refrigerator.
Effects of Plasticizer and Cinnamon Essential Oil Incorporation on Mechanical and Water Barrier Properties of Semirefined Iota-Carrageenan-based Edible Film
Authors: Praseptiangga D , Rahmawati A , Manuhara G J , Khasanah L U , Utami R
Published: August 2021

Iota-carrageenan, a water-soluble polymer extracted from red seaweed, Eucheuma denticulatum, showed a high potentiality as a film-forming material. Whilst, one of the essential oils that gained increasing attention is from cinnamon because of its recently observed antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In this study, mechanical and water barrier properties of semi-refined iota-carrageenan (SRiC)-based edible film incorporated with cinnamon essential oil were evaluated into two stages. Firstly, the effects of sorbitol plasticizer’s concentration (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% v/v) on the mechanical and water barrier properties of the SRiC-based edible film (2% w/v) was investigated, and secondly, those of cinnamon essential oil’s incorporation (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0% v/v) were evaluated. SRiC (2% w/v) produced with 0.5% (v/v) sorbitol plasticizer addition was selected for the first stage, and 1% (v/v) cinnamon essential oil incorporation on SRiC-based edible film was recommended for the second, suggesting its further utilization in food application.
The Effect of Fermentation Process, Extraction Methods and Solvents on Yield, Total Polyphenol, and Antioxidant Levels of Cocoa Beans
Authors: Aunillah A , Purwanto E H , Wardiana E , Iflah T
Published: August 2021

Processed cacao foods are widely consumed in the world and besides the distinctive taste, it also contains polyphenols, which are beneficial for health. The method used to extract natural compounds from cocoa beans is a critical process for obtaining a product of high-quality polyphenol, mainly to protect its nutritional value. This study aims to determine the effect of fermentation, extraction method, and different solvents, as well as their interactions on yield, total polyphenols, and antioxidant levels. The polyphenol compounds were obtained by using a different fermentation process (fermented and unfermented cocoa beans), extraction methods (maceration and ultrasound), and solvents (Methanol, Ethanol, and Acetone). The result showed that the polyphenol yield was determined by the interaction between the extraction process and solvents, while the content was determined by variations in solvents utilization. Antioxidant levels are not affected by variations in fermented/unfermented cocoa, extraction methods, and solvents, including their interactions. The ultrasound method has contributed to better polyphenol extraction more effectively than the maceration. While methanol and ethanol are helpful solvents for polyphenol extraction, the ethanol classified as GRAS is preferred because of its food application.
Kinetic of total phenolic content and profile of antioxidant activity during the roasting of peanut kernel
Authors: Laila U , Herawati E R N , Khasanah Y , Nurhayati R
Published: August 2021

In this study, the functional properties, which include total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of peanut during roasting was investigated. The main focus was to evaluate the kinetic of total phenolic content during peanut roasting using various temperature-time combinations of 120, 150 and 170°C, at 15, 30, 45 minutes, respectively. The kinetic was assessed using the Arrhenius equation for determining kinetic parameters including kinetic order and activation energy. Furthermore, the presence or absence of the correlation antioxidant activity with total phenolic content was also studied. The results showed that total phenolic content changed positively with increasing temperature and roasting time. Meanwhile, the kinetic of phenolic content, which followed zero-order reaction within the activation energy of reaction was 113.07 kJ/mol. It was also discovered that there is a positive correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the increase in total phenolic content of peanut induced by roasting made the capability of peanut in scavenging radicals stronger.
The strategy of farmers’ economic institution for managing organic rice marketing based on local wisdom
Authors: Suswadi  , Kartikasari R D , Handayani M. Th.
Published: August 2021

Strengthening institutional farmers in organizing marketing is one of the efforts to improve the bargaining position of organic rice farmers. Currently, strong Farmers’ Economic Institutions include farming activities from upstream to downstream, nurtured and developed by farmers relying on local wisdom. Thus, Farmer’s Economic Institution must be adapted to the culture, regional potential, market potential and policies of the applicable organic farming system, to increase the capacity. This study therefore aims to identify internal and external factors in managing organic rice marketing within Pangudi Bogo Farmer Group, in Boyolali District, using a qualitative descriptive data analysis, with IFE, EFE, IE, and SWOT matrix. According to the IFE matrix analysis, adequate facilities and infrastructure are the greatest strengths, while the biggest weaknesses are unattractive product packaging and labels. In addition, the greatest opportunity is the development of information and communication technology to support marketing activities, while the biggest threat is fake organic product claims. Also, the IE matrix analysis shows the Pangudi Bogo farmer group’s marketing position is in quadrant V, meaning a keep and maintain strategy is required.
Analysis of Customer Needs for Food Products Using Kano Model, A Case Study of Steamed Brownies
Authors: Wimarnaya V W , Fauza G , Prasetyo H , Muhammad D R A , Affandi D R , Ariviani S
Published: August 2021

Recently, the increased interest in the food business has led to fierce competition among players in the sector. Due to this condition, the quality of food produced needs to be evaluated and systematically designed. Conventionally, the development of products such as ingredient formulation, re-engineering process, installation of new, and more sophisticated type of equipment is driven by technology. However, in a competitive business environment, customer satisfaction becomes the major theme, and the development of products that relies only on technology push may result in failure as the developed products may not meet the customer expectations. Therefore, controlling products that the customer needs is an important issue to be addressed. This research aimed to analyze the quality of a food product that met the customer’s needs. Moreover, the product was steamed brownies and was produced by small-medium enterprises (SMEs) in Surakarta (Indonesia). Kano model was applied to ascertain the customer satisfaction attributes and the result showed that there were twelve quality attributes that were identified as the ‘voice’ of the brownie customers. The Kano diagram categorized two attributes into Attractive elements, eight into One Dimensional group and the other two into Indifferent attributes. In addition, the quality attribute classification was beneficial for the brownie producers to determine the direction of product development that brought about a higher level of customer satisfaction.
Numerical homotopies from Khovanskii bases
Authors: Burr M. , Sottile F. , Walker E.
Published: August 2021

We present numerical homotopy continuation algorithms for solving systems of equations on a variety in the presence of a finite Khovanskii basis. These homotopies take advantage of Anderson’s flat degeneration to a toric variety. When Anderson’s degeneration embeds into projective space, our algorithm is a special case of a general toric two-step homotopy algorithm. When Anderson’s degeneration is embedded in a weighted projective space, we explain how to lift to a projective space and construct an appropriate modification of the toric homotopy. Our algorithms are illustrated on several examples using Macaulay2.
Orienting Borel graphs
Authors: Thornton Riley
Published: August 2021

We investigate when a Borel graph admits a (Borel or measurable) orientation with outdegree bounded by

k
k

for various cardinals

k
k

. We show that for a probability measure preserving (p.m.p) graph

G
G

, a measurable orientation can be found when

k
k

is larger than the normalized cost of the restriction of

G
G

to any positive measure subset. Using an idea of Conley and Tamuz, we can also find Borel orientations of graphs with subexponential growth; however, for every

k
k

we also find graphs which admit measurable orientations with outdegree bounded by

k
k

but no such Borel orientations. Finally, for special values of

k
k

we bound the projective complexity of Borel

k
k

-orientability for graphs and graphings of equivalence relations. It follows from these bounds that the set of equivalence relations admitting a Borel selector is

Σ

2

1

\mathbf {\Sigma }_{2}^{1}

in the codes, in stark contrast to the case of smooth relations.
Uniqueness of Clifford torus with prescribed isoperimetric ratio
Authors: Yu Thomas , Chen Jingmin
Published: August 2021

The Marques-Neves theorem asserts that among all the torodial (i.e. genus 1) closed surfaces, the Clifford torus has the minimal Willmore energy

∫

H
2

d
A

\int H^2 \, dA

. Since the Willmore energy is invariant under Möbius transformations, it can be shown that there is a one-parameter family, up to homotheties, of genus 1 Willmore minimizers. It is then a natural conjecture that such a minimizer is unique if one prescribes its isoperimetric ratio. In this article, we show that this conjecture can be reduced to the positivity question of a polynomial recurrence. A proof of the positivity can be found in the companion article by Melczer and Mezzarobba [submitted to J. Comb. Theory (2020)]. This establishes a first uniqueness result for the Canham model of biomembranes.
A note on the Sobolev trace inequality
Authors: Ho Pak Tung
Published: August 2021

Consider the classical Sobolev trace inequality
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-vertical-bar nabla phi double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L squared left-parenthesis double-struck upper R Sub Subscript plus Sub Superscript n Subscript right-parenthesis Baseline greater-than-or-equal-to upper K double-vertical-bar phi double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L Sub Superscript StartFraction 2 left-parenthesis n minus 1 right-parenthesis Over n minus 2 EndFraction Subscript left-parenthesis partial-differential double-struck upper R Sub Subscript plus Sub Superscript n Subscript right-parenthesis">

‖
∇
φ

‖

L
2

(

R

+
n

)

≥
K
‖
φ

‖

L

2
(
n
−
1
)

n
−
2

(
∂

R

+
n

)

\begin{equation*} \|\nabla \varphi \|_{L^2(\mathbb {R}^n_+)} \geq K\|\varphi \|_{L^{\frac {2(n-1)}{n-2}}(\partial \mathbb {R}^n_+)} \end{equation*}

for all

φ
∈

W
0

1
,
2

(

R

+
n

)

\varphi \in W^{1,2}_0(\mathbb {R}^n_+)

, where

K
K

is the best constant. Here,

W
0

1
,
2

(

R

+
n

)

W^{1,2}_0(\mathbb {R}^n_+)

is the space obtained by taking the completion in the norm

‖
∇
φ

‖

L
2

(

R

+
n

)

\|\nabla \varphi \|_{L^2(\mathbb {R}^n_+)}

of the set of all smooth functions with support contained in the closure of

R

+
n

\mathbb {R}^n_+

, and

n
≥
3

n\geq 3

. Let

M

\mathcal {M}

be the set of functions for which we have equality in the Sobolev trace inequality above. In this note, we show that there is a positive constant

α
\alpha

such that
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-vertical-bar nabla phi double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L squared left-parenthesis double-struck upper R Sub Subscript plus Sub Superscript n Subscript right-parenthesis Superscript 2 Baseline minus upper K squared double-vertical-bar phi double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L Sub Superscript StartFraction 2 left-parenthesis n minus 1 right-parenthesis Over n minus 2 EndFraction Subscript left-parenthesis partial-differential double-struck upper R Sub Subscript plus Sub Superscript n Subscript right-parenthesis Superscript 2 Baseline greater-than-or-equal-to alpha d left-parenthesis phi comma script upper M right-parenthesis squared">

‖
∇
φ

‖

L
2

(

R

+
n

)

2

−

K
2

‖
φ

‖

L

2
(
n
−
1
)

n
−
2

(
∂

R

+
n

)

2

≥
α
d
(
φ
,

M

)
2

\begin{equation*} \|\nabla \varphi \|_{L^2(\mathbb {R}^n_+)}^2-K^2 \|\varphi \|_{L^{\frac {2(n-1)}{n-2}}(\partial \mathbb {R}^n_+)}^2\geq \alpha d(\varphi ,\mathcal {M})^2 \end{equation*}

for all

φ
∈

W
0

1
,
2

(

R

+
n

)

\varphi \in W^{1,2}_0(\mathbb {R}^n_+)

, where

d
d

is the distance in the Sobolev space

W
0

1
,
2

(

R

+
n

)

W^{1,2}_0(\mathbb {R}^n_+)

.
Mff oligomerization is required for Drp1 activation and synergy with actin filaments during mitochondrial division
Authors: Liu Ao , Kage Frieda , Higgs Henry N.
Published: August 2021

This article shows that Mff oligomerization through its coiled-coil is important for Drp1 activation biochemically and for mitochondrial fission in cells. Actin synergizes with Mff by reducing the Mff concentration needed for Drp1 activation.
I now pronounce you ‘null and void’: manner of determination and the applicable law under the New York Convention
Authors: Pislevik Stefan
Published: August 2021

The phrase ‘null and void, inoperative or incapable of being performed’ contained in Article II(3) of the New York Convention has attracted relatively little attention in the international arbitration community. It nonetheless retains the potential to have a significant impact on arbitration agreements. This article considers the meaning of ‘null and void’ and highlights the current varied understandings and applications of this term, before re-iterating support for an application of an internationally neutral understanding of the term. What this article seeks to ultimately achieve is to provoke further consideration of the terms ‘null and void’, with a view to ensuring greater clarity and uniformity in its understanding and application in the long term.
Cross-National Study of Mental Health and Employment Status Nine Months Post Social Distancing Implementation Practices
Authors: Ruffolo Mary C , Price Daicia , Bonsaksen Tore , Leung Janni , Schoultz Mariyana , Thygesen Hilde , Geirdal Ostertun
Published: August 2021

This cross-national study examined the mental health between those individuals working and those not working nine months post initial COVID-19 social distancing implementation. Respondents (N = 3,474) were recruited through social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter) and completed an online survey in October/November 2020. The respondents were from Norway, the UK, the USA and Australia. The mental health of those working and not working were analysed using t tests and socio-demographics were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Respondents who were working were significantly more likely to experience better mental health, were younger, report higher levels of education, and significantly less likely to worry about their own situation, health or financial situation than respondents who were not employed. Respondents who were retired reported better mental health than respondents who were not working for other reasons (laid off/dismissed, receiving benefits, studying, other). These findings raise the importance for social workers and other health service providers to monitor the overall mental health of individuals especially when social distancing protocols are in place and as countries begin to recover from the pandemic.
The BS variant of C4 protects against age-related loss of white matter microstructural integrity
Authors: Traylor Matthew , Malik Rainer , Gesierich Benno , Dichgans Martin
Published: August 2021

Age-related loss of white matter microstructural integrity is a major determinant of cognitive decline, dementia and gait disorders. However, the mechanisms and molecular pathways that contribute to this loss of integrity remain elusive.

We performed a genome-wide association study of white matter microstructural integrity as quantified by diffusion MRI metrics (mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy) in up to 31 128 individuals from UK Biobank (age 45–81 years) based on a two degrees of freedom (2df) test of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and SNP × Age effects.

We identified 18 loci that were associated at genome-wide significance with either mean diffusivity (n = 16) or fractional anisotropy (n = 6). Among the top loci was a region on chromosome 6 encoding the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Variants in the MHC region were strongly associated with both mean diffusivity [best SNP: 6:28866209_TTTTG_T, beta (standard error, SE) = −0.069 (0.009); 2df P = 6.5 × 10−15] and fractional anisotropy [best SNP: rs3129787, beta (SE) = −0.056 (0.008); 2df P = 3.5 × 10−12]. Of the imputed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and complement component 4 (C4) structural haplotype variants in the human MHC, the strongest association was with the C4-BS variant [for mean diffusivity: beta (SE) = −0.070 (0.010); P = 2.7 × 10−11; for fractional anisotropy: beta (SE) = −0.054 (0.011); P = 1.6 × 10−7]. After conditioning on C4-BS no associations with HLA alleles remained significant. The protective influence of C4-BS was stronger in older participants [age ≥ 65; interaction P = 0.0019 (mean diffusivity), P = 0.015 (fractional anisotropy)] and in participants without a history of smoking [interaction P = 0.00093 (mean diffusivity), P = 0.021 (fractional anisotropy)].

Taken together, our findings demonstrate a role of the complement system and of gene–environment interactions in age-related loss of white matter microstructural integrity.
Pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis in Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) in The Netherlands: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Evers Ymke J , Dukers-Muijrers Nicole H T M , van Liere Geneviève A F S , van Bergen Jan , Kuizenga-Wessel Sophie , Hoebe Christian J P A
Published: August 2021

Pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) was diagnosed in 1.2% and pharyngeal-only CT in 0.5% of routinely universally tested men who have sex with men (MSM). In these 3-anatomic-site tested MSM, pharyngeal-only CT comprised 4.8% of all CT. The low positivity of pharyngeal-only CT indicates low public health impact of pharyngeal CT.
Functional and structural adaptations of the coronary macro- and microvasculature to regular aerobic exercise by activation of physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms: ESC Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology and Microcirculation position paper
Authors: Koller Akos , Laughlin M Harold , Cenko Edina , de Wit Cor , Tóth Kálmán , Bugiardini Raffaele , Trifunovits Danijela , Vavlukis Marija , Manfrini Olivia , Lelbach Adam , Dornyei Gabriella , Padro Teresa , Badimon Lina , Tousoulis Dimitris , Gielen Stephan , Duncker Dirk J
Published: August 2021

Regular aerobic exercise (RAEX) elicits several positive adaptations in all organs and tissues of the body, culminating in improved health and well-being. Indeed, in over half a century, many studies have shown the benefit of RAEX on cardiovascular outcome in terms of morbidity and mortality. RAEX elicits a wide range of functional and structural adaptations in the heart and its coronary circulation, all of which are to maintain optimal myocardial oxygen and nutritional supply during increased demand. Although there is no evidence suggesting that oxidative metabolism is limited by coronary blood flow (CBF) rate in the normal heart even during maximal exercise, increased CBF and capillary exchange capacities have been reported. Adaptations of coronary macro- and microvessels include outward remodelling of epicardial coronary arteries, increased coronary arteriolar size and density, and increased capillary surface area. In addition, there are adjustments in the neural and endothelial regulation of coronary macrovascular tone. Similarly, there are several adaptations at the level of microcirculation, including enhanced (such as nitric oxide mediated) smooth muscle-dependent pressure-induced myogenic constriction and upregulated endothelium-dependent/shear-stress-induced dilation, increasing the range of diameter change. Alterations in the signalling interaction between coronary vessels and cardiac metabolism have also been described. At the molecular and cellular level, ion channels are key players in the local coronary vascular adaptations to RAEX, with enhanced activation of influx of Ca2+ contributing to the increased myogenic tone (via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels) as well as the enhanced endothelium-dependent dilation (via TRPV4 channels). Finally, RAEX elicits a number of beneficial effects on several haemorheological variables that may further improve CBF and myocardial oxygen delivery and nutrient exchange in the microcirculation by stabilizing and extending the range and further optimizing the regulation of myocardial blood flow during exercise. These adaptations also act to prevent and/or delay the development of coronary and cardiac diseases.
Risk factors profile of young and older patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Sagris Marios , Antonopoulos Alexios S , Theofilis Panagiotis , Oikonomou Evangelos , Siasos Gerasimos , Tsalamandris Sotirios , Antoniades Charalambos , Brilakis Emmanouil S , Kaski Juan C , Tousoulis Dimitris
Published: August 2021

Myocardial infarction (MI) among young adults (<45 years) represents a considerable proportion of the total heart attack incidents. The underlying pathophysiologic characteristics, atherosclerotic plaque features, and risk factors profile differ between young and older patients with MI. This review article discusses the main differences between the younger and elderly MI patients as well as the different pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of MI in the younger. Young patients with MI often have eccentric atherosclerotic plaques with inflammatory features but fewer lesions, and are more likely to be smokers, obese, and have poor lifestyle, such as inactivity and alcohol intake. Compared to older MI patients, younger are more likely to be men, have familial-combined hyperlipidaemia and increased levels of lipoprotein-a. In addition, MI in younger patients may be related to use of cannabis, cocaine use, and androgenic anabolic steroids. Genomic differences especially in the pathways of coagulation and lipid metabolism have also been identified between young and older patients with MI. Better understanding of the risk factors and the anatomic and pathophysiologic processes in young adults can improve MI prevention and treatment strategies in this patient group. Awareness could help identify young subjects at increased risk and guide primary prevention strategies. Additional studies focusing on gene pathways related to lipid metabolism, inflammation, and coagulation are needed.
Robotic off-pump totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass in the current era: report of 544 patients
Authors: Balkhy Husam H , Nisivaco Sarah , Kitahara Hiroto , Torregrossa Gianluca , Patel Brooke , Grady Kaitlin , Coleman Charocka
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES

Robotic off-pump totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB) is the least invasive form of surgical coronary revascularization. It has proved to be highly effective and safe. Its benefits are well-established and include fewer complications, shorter hospital stay and quicker return to normal activities. TECAB has undergone 2 decades of technological advancement to include multivessel grafting, a beating-heart approach and successful completion in multiple patient groups in experienced hands. The aim of this report was to examine outcomes of robotic off-pump TECAB at our institution over 7 years.

METHODS

Data from 544 patients undergoing TECAB between July 2013 and August 2020 were retrospectively examined. The C-Port Flex-A distal anastomotic device was used for the majority of grafts (70%). Yearly follow-up was conducted. Angiographic early patency data were reviewed for patients undergoing hybrid revascularization.

RESULTS

The mean age was 66 years, with 1.7% mean STS risk. Fifty-six percentage had multivessel TECAB. There was 1 conversion to sternotomy, and 46% extubation in the Operating Room (OR). Mortality was 0.9%. Early graft patency was 97%. At mid-term follow-up at 38 months, cardiac mortality was 2.7% and freedom from major adverse cardiac events was 92.5%.

CONCLUSIONS

We conclude that robotic beating-heart TECAB in the current era is safe and effective with excellent outcomes and comparable early angiographic patency to standard coronary artery bypass grafting surgery when performed frequently by an experienced team. This procedure was completed in our hands both with and without an anastomotic device. Longer-term studies are warranted.
Craniofacial growth and SITAR growth curve analysis
Authors: Patcas Raphael , Keller Heidi , Markic Goran , Beit Philipp , Eliades Theodore , Cole Tim J
Published: August 2021

Background

SITAR (SuperImposition by Translation And Rotation) is a shape invariant growth curve model that effectively summarizes somatic growth in puberty.

Aim

To apply the SITAR model to longitudinal mandibular growth data to clarify its suitability to facial growth analysis.

Subjects and methods

2D-cephalometric data on two mandibular measurements (AP: articulare–pogonion; CP: condylion–pogonion) were selected from the Denver Growth Study, consisting of longitudinal records (age range: 7.9–19.0 years) of females (sample size N: 21; number of radiographs n: 154) and males (N: 18; n: 137). The SITAR mixed effects model estimated, for each measurement and gender separately, a mean growth curve versus chronological age, along with mean age at peak velocity (APV) and peak velocity (PV), plus subject-specific random effects for PV and mean size. The models were also fitted versus Greulich–Pyle bone age.

Results

In males, mean APV occurred at 14.6 years (AP) and 14.4 years (CP), with mean PV 3.1 mm/year (AP) and 3.3 mm/year (CP). In females, APV occurred at 11.6 years (AP and CP), with mean PV 2.3 mm/year (AP) and 2.4 mm/year (CP). The models explained 95–96 per cent of the cross-sectional variance for males and 92–93 per cent for females. The random effects demonstrated standard deviations (SDs) in size of 5.6 mm for males and 3.9 mm for females, and SDs for PV between 0.3 and 0.5 mm/year. The bone age results were similar.

Conclusion

The SITAR model is a useful tool to analyse epidemiological craniofacial growth based on cephalometric data and provides an array of information on pubertal mandibular growth and its variance in a concise manner.
AV junction ablation and cardiac resynchronization for patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and narrow QRS: the APAF-CRT mortality trial
Authors: Brignole Michele , Pentimalli Francesco , Palmisano Pietro , Landolina Maurizio , Quartieri Fabio , Occhetta Eraldo , Calò Leonardo , Mascia Giuseppe , Mont Lluis , Vernooy Kevin , van Dijk Vincent , Allaart Cor , Fauchier Laurent , Gasparini Maurizio , Parati Gianfranco , Soranna Davide , Rienstra Michiel , Van Gelder Isabelle C ,   for the APAF-CRT Trial Investigators
Published: August 2021

Aims 

In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF), strict and regular rate control with atrioventricular junction ablation and biventricular pacemaker (Ablation + CRT) has been shown to be superior to pharmacological rate control in reducing HF hospitalizations. However, whether it also improves survival is unknown.

Methods and results 

In this international, open-label, blinded outcome trial, we randomly assigned patients with severely symptomatic permanent AF >6 months, narrow QRS (≤110 ms) and at least one HF hospitalization in the previous year to Ablation + CRT or to pharmacological rate control. We hypothesized that Ablation + CRT is superior in reducing the primary endpoint of all-cause mortality. A total of 133 patients were randomized. The mean age was 73 ± 10 years, and 62 (47%) were females. The trial was stopped for efficacy at interim analysis after a median of 29 months of follow-up per patient. The primary endpoint occurred in 7 patients (11%) in the Ablation + CRT arm and in 20 patients (29%) in the Drug arm [hazard ratio (HR) 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10–0.65; P = 0.004]. The estimated death rates at 2 years were 5% and 21%, respectively; at 4 years, 14% and 41%. The benefit of Ablation + CRT of all-cause mortality was similar in patients with ejection fraction (EF) ≤35% and in those with >35%. The secondary endpoint combining all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization was significantly lower in the Ablation + CRT arm [18 (29%) vs. 36 (51%); HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.22–0.73; P = 0.002].

Conclusions 

Ablation + CRT was superior to pharmacological therapy in reducing mortality in patients with permanent AF and narrow QRS who were hospitalized for HF, irrespective of their baseline EF.

Study registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02137187.
Saliva, a substitute for blood?
Authors: Ferreira Inês , Andrade Isabel , Cruz Rui
Published: August 2021

Background

Point of Care (POC) testing offers an alternative to laboratory-based tests, near the patient, giving an easy and rapid access to a diagnostics. The majority of POC platforms use serum or plasma as a biological testing sample. Alternatives to non-invasive sampling in POC testing are emerging, such as the use of saliva or tears. Saliva needs little conservation and contains several biomarkers that are useful in the diagnostics of different clinical conditions. In this context, the aim of the study was to review the state-of-the-art of POC platforms using saliva.

Methods

Advanced database research was conducted using B-on and PubMed, with ‘Point of Care’ and ‘Saliva’ as keywords, over the last 5 years. In the eligible articles, we looked for the disease or condition under evaluation and biomarker(s), test specificity and sensitivity, test duration, analytical method, POC platform state of development (commercially available, prototype or proof-of-concept).

Results

Sixty-eight articles were eligible for the study. The majority of the POC devices (71%) are prototypes. The most common biomarkers found are cortisol, α-amylase, MMP-8, glucose and infectious diseases related viruses. The turnaround time is relatively low, 30 seconds to 2.5 hours, in comparison to most laboratory-based tests.

Conclusions

Saliva is an emerging bio fluid for POC testing, and its collection is non-invasive, contrarily to blood. A trend for salivary POC diagnostics is a reality for the assessment of health or disease status, over the last half-decade.
Characterization of the articular disc and mandibular condyle in healthy individuals and individuals with temporomandibular disorders in relation with several symptoms—ultrasound study
Authors: André Alexandra , Figueiredo João Paulo , Silva Ana
Published: August 2021

Background

Evaluate dimension of the articular disc and condyle between volunteers and patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders previously diagnosed. Understand the symptoms that TMJ can promote using the ultrasound modality. Approved ethics committees of IPC.

Methods

Sample n = 36, ages [18–45], control group (CG) (n = 20), pathologic group (PG)(n = 16). Images were acquired with US with a linear B-scan (10 MHz) in a transverse plane. Bilateral TMJ study was done with open and closed mouth. A validated questionnaire was done.

Results

Dimension of the right disc was 0.072 ± 0.021 cm to PG and 0.090 ± 0.018 cm to CG with open mouth. Close mouth was 0.082 ± 0.024 cm to the PG and 0.100 ± 0.014 cm to the CG.The results to the condyle were 0.0351 ± 0.044 cm to PG and 0.378 ± 0.043 cm to CG. To the left side the alterations were in the dimension of the articular disc, the PG with open mouth, 079 ± 0.024 cm and close mouth 0.081 ± 0.019 cm. Significant differences in the symptoms between groups were observed. Symptoms revel that 62.5% have headache and 87% present noise/crackle in the masticatory.

Conclusions

Right side the PG had reduced articular disc and condyle dimensions when compared to the healthy group. This study shows the possible differences in the articular disc and condyle in PG and CG, also permitted study the TMJ disorders in real time with accuracy. The questionnaire it was possible to determine the main symptoms of the TMJ disorders. These disorders are in relation with de alterations dimension of the articular disc.
CytoPath®Easy processing method validation through cervical self-sampling
Authors: Fernandes S , Martins C , Silva R A
Published: August 2021

Background

Liquid-based cytology is mostly used for the identification of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic cells of cérvix uteri, and many manual and automatic methodologies are available on the market. This study aims to validate a new manual liquid-based processing method - the CytoPath® Easy Kit, for its routine use in some cytology laboratories.

Methods

For this purpose, 45 cervical samples, obtained by self-sampling of women aged 18–58 years old were used: 30 were collected and processed with the CytoPath® Easy Kit and 15 samples were collected and processed by Thinprep®, as a control. Parameters evaluated were cellularity, thickness and cellular overlap of the imprint, undesirable background/debris, morphological preservation and staining properties of the sample. The presence and quantity of metaplastic and/or endocervical cells of the transformation zone was also compared between methods.

Results

The results obtained show that CytoPath® Easy Kit allows the representation of the sample with a very satisfactory cellularity, in a thin layer of cells and without excessive overlap, presenting a reasonably clean background. Statistically, both methods present similar results (P > 0.9999), both globally and for each of the parameters evaluated individually. These results allow to validate the use of this new method in the cytological routine.

Conclusions

This Kit proves to be very useful, allowing the laboratory to screen cervical cytology samples, without the need for large investments and with reliable microscopic results. This has particular interest for laboratories of poor or developing countries as well for services processing small number of samples.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown in depression, anxiety and stress among students in polytechnic of Santarem and Leiria
Authors: Silva Mário , Gonzaga Luís , Figueiredo Maria do Carmo , Rosa Marta , Matos Rui , Amendoeira José
Published: August 2021

Background

The context of coronavirus on higher education caused upsetting consequences on students’ lives. The restrictions on social mobility and the consequent reduction of interpersonal contacts brought them unprecedented stressful situations. The extent and quality of adaptation to these situations, due to the uniqueness of each person's resources, needs to be early known preventing eventual and serious psychological disorders. This study aimed to assess stress, anxiety, and depression among undergraduate students from both Santarém and Leiria Polytechnic Institutes.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional correlational study was performed in the period immediately after the first lockdown. Participants were 775 students (females = 73.5%), aged between 17 and 55 years. All of them completed measures of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21; in the Portuguese version EADS, by Pais-Ribeiro, Honrado e Leal, 2004). Collected data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software, Version 27.0.

Results

According to DASS-21 scoring instructions (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), results showed that most participants had experienced a normal level of depression (72.5%), anxiety (79.7%) and stress (87.6%). However, about 4.7% and 1.8% of respondents, respectively, report a severe or extremely severe level of anxiety or depression. We also found significant differences for the three dimensions in terms of polytechnic institute attended, gender, age categories, and marital status.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that higher education institutions must understand this phenomenon experienced and develop strategies for improving students' mental health, especially in vulnerable groups. The importance of a transdisciplinary approach is emphasized and the involvement of all educational stakeholders is encouraged.
Illness and mental health: two sides of the same coin?
Authors: Pocinho Margarida , Matos Fatima Ney , Amaral Ana
Published: August 2021

Background

Although we are sometimes unaware, mental illnesses are extremely common, and if they are not properly regulated they can affect all types of structures in a person's life

Methods

The study is qualitative, a word evocation test was used, began to be carried out in February 2019 and ended on May 27, 2019. The word recall test were: ‘If I tell you mental health, what are the first three words that come to mind?’ ‘If I tell you mental illness, what are the first three words that come to mind?’ To analyze and build the graphs for this investigation, the corpus was inserted in the IraMuteQ program.

Results

When analyzing the words we can see that the social representation of mental illness is very much associated with undesirable mental illnesses or conditions and seen as negative in society. Meanwhile, mental health is full of words that you would normally consider positive.

Conclusions

The social representations of health and mental illness are very clearly opposed, mental health is seen almost exclusively as something positive by society, not only has feelings like happiness, but also words like success and vitality, while mental illness is very much linked to the whole type of mental illness and conditions like stress, sadness, obsession.
Postural stability assessment in flatfoot subjects trough lyapunov exponent analysis
Authors: Marouvo Joel , Castro Maria António , Azevedo Nelson , Sousa Filipa , Fernandes Orlando
Published: August 2021

Background

Flatfoot subjects presents an increase plantar foot area related to a plantar pressure feedback impairment. The Lyapunov Exponent is considered a nonlinear parameter used to characterize a signal chaotic behavior measuring the information rate loss from time series, i.e., for the Center of Pressure data. This exponent is used to quantify and measure the capability and resistance of subjects to several perturbations. The study purpose was to investigate the postural stability differences among foot posture condition through the Lyapunov Exponent analysis.

Methods

The sample of the observation descriptive study consisted of 31 participants (23.26 yo ± 4.43 SD) comprising a total of 62 feet, where 15 integrated into the experimental group with bilateral flatfoot condition and the remaining 16 in the control group with the bilateral neutral foot condition. Subjects were screened, before posture analysis, using the Navicular Drop Test and Resting Calcaneal Stance Position test, to characterize each group. All participants were subjected to a bipedal weight-bearing stance posture stability analysis a force platform, both in eyes-open and closed condition. The Lyapunov Exponent was calculated using the Matlab-R2020b (MathWorks Inc., USA) software.

Results

Regarding the Center of Pressure outcomes, only the Lyapunov Exponent value upon the Antero-Posterior component regarding groups in the eyes closed condition (diff = 3.09°, p = .016) presented a significant result.

Conclusion

Flatfoot subjects present a significant difference compared to neutral foot participants, in bipedal weight-bearing stance, in the eyes closed condition regarding the Lyapunov Exponent. This relates to increase variability and decrease stability regarding the Antero-Posterior component.
Ergonomic evaluation in community pharmacies
Authors: Ferreira Ana , Lança Ana , Figueiredo João Paulo , Loureiro António , Seco Silvia , Paixão Susana , Costa Lúcia Simões , Almeida Mónica
Published: August 2021

Background

The risk of a health professional contracting work-related diseases is about 1.5 times greater than the risk of all other workers. For this reason, the present study focused on community pharmacies, aiming ergonomic risks, which allows a more personalized intervention individualized in an assessment and control of ergonomic risks.

Methods

We proposed as an objective of this study, to evaluate the ergonomic risks to which the workers of the community pharmacies are exposed.

This study was of the Descriptive-Correlational, Analytical type, and of a transversal nature where the working conditions in pharmacies of the municipality of Coimbra were evaluated. The sample being represented by 15 workers. A questionnaire was carried out and the KIM and RULA methodologies were applied for ergonomic evaluation. The results were evaluated using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.0 program using descriptive tests and inference tests.

Results

The ergonomic assessment indicated greater risk of exposure in the task of replacing goods, the perception of workers proved to be positive in relation to existing non-conformities. There were no statistically significant differences in psychosocial and ergonomic risks between men and women.

Conclusion

The ergonomic conditions of the workplace for the professionals in community pharmacies are unfavourable in some points. However, if they try to adapt the workplace to the worker considering ergonomic aspects, they will promote well-being and thus guarantee better performance for their professionals and consequent increase in productivity