bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analogue of the Kerker effect for localized modes of discrete high-index dielectric nanowaveguides
Authors: Savelev R. S. , Kornovan D. F. , Yaroshenko V. V. , Petrov M. I.
Published: March 2019

Recently developed field of all-dielectric nanophotonics allowed for the observation of the Kerker effect, i.e., unidirectional scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a dielectric particle in optical frequency range. In this paper, we consider the analogue of this effect for localized waves which manifests itself as an interference of the evanescent tails of the optical waveguide modes. Specifically, we design a discrete nanophotonic waveguide that supports two degenerate modes characterized by different symmetries with respect to the plane that contains the waveguide axis, leading to an asymmetric field distribution of the propagating wave under appropriate excitation conditions. We perform numerical simulations of the excitation of such a waveguide with a point dipole and predict that its polarization state can be encoded into the field pattern of the signal propagating along the waveguide and transferred for relatively large distances. We also propose a planar directional coupler that consists of a developed discrete waveguide and conventional single-mode dielectric waveguides that exploit the interference effect for routing single photons generated by circularly polarized quantum emitters.
Tuning antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3-based synthetic antiferromagnets
Authors: Lan Da , Chen Binbin , Qu Lili , Zhang Kexuan , Xu Liqiang , Jin Feng , Guo Zhuang , Chen Feng , Gao Guanyin , Wu Wenbin
Published: March 2019

Synthetic antiferromagnets (S-AFMs) composed of strongly correlated oxides have recently been demonstrated to show potential applications in spintronic devices. However, the tunability for the interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) in these all-oxide S-AFMs remains unclear. Here, we report that the IEC in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/CaRu1-xTixO3 [LCMO/CRTO(x), (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5)] superlattices (SLs) grown on NdGaO3 (NGO) substrates can be tuned via altering the composition of the spacer layer as well as the growth orientation. The IEC changes from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic (AF) type upon doping the spacer CRO with Ti. As the Ti doping level (x) increases, the AF-IEC field (Hex) peaks at x = 0.2, while the Curie temperature (TC) and coercivity (HC) decrease monotonously. Also, we find that the SLs grown on NGO(110) substrates possess larger Hex and smaller HC compared with those grown on NGO(001). Based on these observations, we further fabricate a “hybrid” heterostructure in the form of CRO/LCMO/CRTO(x = 0.5)/LCMO/CRO. Thanks to the collective roles of CRO and CRTO layers, the AF-IEC is maintained and meanwhile the TC is greatly enhanced. The observed high tunability of AF-IEC in LCMO-based S-AFM can primarily be ascribed to the highly tunable properties of the oxide constituents in the AFMs, which are sensitive to both the chemical composition and the growth orientation. Our work paves a way to control the AF-IEC behavior in all-perovskite-oxide S-AFMs, and the results may be instructive to the design of oxide spintronic devices.
Recent advances in fabrication strategies, phase transition modulation, and advanced applications of vanadium dioxide
Authors: Shi Run , Shen Nan , Wang Jingwei , Wang Weijun , Amini Abbas , Wang Ning , Cheng Chun
Published: March 2019

Vanadium dioxide (VO2), with the first-order metal-insulator phase transition at near room temperature, has attracted increasing attention in the past few decades. With rapid electrical switching, the phase transition in VO2 also triggers the colossal property changes in various aspects, such as optical properties, magnetic properties, and strain, and, thus, enables a wide range of modern applications. In this review, we present a complete picture of the latest advances of VO2, including the fabrication strategies, property modulation, and advanced applications. This review summarizes several typical fabrication methods of VO2 crystals as well as some common problems and their possible solutions. The strategies for the fabrication of single-crystalline VO2 arrays are also discussed to meet the requirements of the high-performance devices at the macro-scale. This review concerns the typical approaches for the modulation of (metal-insulator transition) MIT and emphasizes on the domain study of VO2 single crystals at the nanoscale. We aim at a clear explanation of the effect of various inhomogeneities on the MIT behavior of VO2 and the importance of the accurate control of MIT at the domain level. After summarizing the preparation and modification of VO2, we focus on the applications of this amazing smart material in various aspects, including strain engineering, optical modulation, electrical switching, and multi-responsive sensing.
Assembly of particle strings via isotropic potentials
Authors: Banerjee D. , Lindquist B. A. , Jadrich R. B. , Truskett T. M.
Published: March 2019

Assembly of spherical colloidal particles into extended structures, including linear strings, in the absence of directional interparticle bonding interactions or external perturbation could facilitate the design of new functional materials. Here, we use methods of inverse design to discover isotropic pair potentials that promote the formation of single-stranded, polydisperse strings of colloids “colloidomers” as well as size-specific, compact colloidal clusters. Based on the designed potentials, a simple model pair interaction with a short-range attraction and a longer-range repulsion is proposed which stabilizes a variety of different particle morphologies including (i) dispersed fluid of monomers, (ii) ergodic short particle chains as well as porous networks of percolated strings, (iii) compact clusters, and (iv) thick cylindrical structures including trihelical Bernal spirals.
Thermal conductance across β-Ga2O3-diamond van der Waals heterogeneous interfaces
Authors: Cheng Zhe , Yates Luke , Shi Jingjing , Tadjer Marko J. , Hobart Karl D. , Graham Samuel
Published: March 2019

Because of its ultra-wide bandgap, high breakdown electric field, and large-area affordable substrates grown from the melt, β-Ga2O3 has attracted great attention recently for potential applications of power electronics. However, its thermal conductivity is significantly lower than those of other wide bandgap semiconductors, such as AlN, SiC, GaN, and diamond. To ensure reliable operation with minimal self-heating at high power, proper thermal management is even more essential for Ga2O3 devices. Similar to the past approaches aiming to alleviate self-heating in GaN high electron mobility transistors, a possible solution has been to integrate thin Ga2O3 membranes with diamond to fabricate Ga2O3-on-diamond lateral metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor or metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor devices by taking advantage of the ultra-high thermal conductivity of diamond. Even though the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) between wide bandgap semiconductor devices and a diamond substrate is of primary importance for heat dissipation in these devices, fundamental understanding of the Ga2O3-diamond thermal interface is still missing. In this work, we study the thermal transport across the interfaces of Ga2O3 exfoliated onto a single crystal diamond. The van der Waals bonded Ga2O3-diamond TBC is measured to be 17 −1.7/+2.0 MW/m2 K, which is comparable to the TBC of several physical-vapor-deposited metals on diamond. A Landauer approach is used to help understand phonon transport across a perfect Ga2O3-diamond interface, which in turn sheds light on the possible TBC one could achieve with an optimized interface. A reduced thermal conductivity of the Ga2O3 nano-membrane is also observed due to additional phonon-membrane boundary scattering. The impact of the Ga2O3–substrate TBC and substrate thermal conductivity on the thermal performance of a power device is modeled and discussed. Without loss of generality, this study is not only important for Ga2O3 power electronics applications which would not be realistic without a thermal management solution but also for the fundamental thermal science of heat transport across van der Waals bonded interfaces.
Graphene-tuned optical manipulation on microparticle by Bessel beam
Authors: Hou Xiaoran , Gao Dongliang , Gao Lei
Published: March 2019

We study the optical force on the graphene-coated low-index microparticle by the first-order Bessel beam lighting. We theoretically demonstrate that the optical scattering pulling force is realized near the Fano resonance due to the interference between electric dipole mode and quadrupole one. Moreover, the optical force can be further enhanced and flexibly tuned by controlling the conductivity of the graphene. In order to transport the particle over a long distance, the stability for optical trapping at transverse plane is also analyzed. Our study might offer a new thought to trap and transport dielectric or plasmonic particles, as well as provide potential applications in optical manipulation and optoelectronic devices.
Broadband high-index prism for asymmetric acoustic transmission
Authors: Song Ailing , Li Junfei , Shen Chen , Peng Xiuyuan , Zhu Xiaohui , Chen Tianning , Cummer Steven A.
Published: March 2019

Narrow bandwidth and wavefront distortion are two shortcomings of some existing asymmetric acoustic transmission devices. In this letter, we propose a high-index prism for realizing broadband asymmetric acoustic transmission with uniform plane wave outputs. Numerical simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the theoretical prediction. The experimentally measured acoustic pressure fields, the energy transmission contrast, and the refracted angle in the high transmission direction are in good agreement with the numerically simulated results. Both the simulated and measured energy transmission contrast exceeds 10 dB within the broad frequency range of 2000 to 3500 Hz. The broadband performance is attributed to the spiral unit cell employed to construct the prism, which features a high refractive index within a broad bandwidth. Besides, the transmitted waves in the high transmission direction are uniform plane waves. Our approach provides a practical method to design a broadband asymmetric acoustic transmission device with uniform plane wave outputs and has potential in various applications, such as noise control and medical ultrasound.
Organofluorine chemistry: promising growth areas and challenges
Authors: Politanskaya Larisa V. , Selivanova Galina A. , Panteleeva Elena V. , Tretyakov Evgeny V. , Platonov Vyacheslav E. , Nikul’shin Pavel V. , Vinogradov Andrey S. , Zonov Yaroslav V. , Karpov Victor M. , Mezhenkova Tatyana V. , Vasilyev Aleksander V. , Koldobskii Andrei B. , Shilova Olga S. , Morozova Sofia M. , Burgart Yanina V. , Shchegolkov Evgeny V. , Saloutin Victor I. , Sokolov Vladimir B. , Aksinenko Aleksey Yu. , Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Moskalik Mikhail Yu. , Astakhova Vera V. , Shainyan Bagrat A. , Tabolin Andrey A. , Ioffe Sema L. , Muzalevskiy Vasiliy M. , Balenkova Elizaveta S. , Shastin Alexey V. , Tyutyunov Andrey A. , Boiko Vladimir E. , Igumnov Sergei M. , Dilman Alexander D. , Adonin Nicolay Yu. , Bardin Vadim V. , Masoud Salekh M. , Vorobyeva Daria V. , Osipov Sergey N. , Nosova Emiliya V. , Lipunova Galina N. , Charushin Valery N. , Prima Darya O. , Makarov Arkady G. , Zibarev Andrey V. , Trofimov Boris A. , Sobenina Lyubov N. , Belyaeva Kseniya V. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya. , Obydennov Dmitrii L. , Usachev Sergey A.
Published: March 2019

Currently, the chemistry of organofluorine compounds is a leading and rapidly developing area of organic chemistry. Fluorine present in a molecule largely determines its specific chemical and biological properties. This thematic issue covers the trends of organofluorine chemistry that have been actively developed in Russia the last 15 – 20 years. The review describes nucleophilic substitution and heterocyclization reactions involving fluorinated arenes and quinones and skeletal cationoid rearrangements in the polyfluoroarene series. The transformations involving CF3-substituted carbocations and radical cations are considered. Heterocyclization and oxidative addition reactions of trifluoroacetamide derivatives and transformations of the organic moiety in polyfluorinated organoboranes and borates with retention of the carbon – boron bond are discussed. Particular attention is devoted to catalytic olefination using freons as an efficient synthetic route to fluorinated compounds. The application of unsymmetrical fluorine-containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands as catalysts for olefin metathesis is demonstrated. A variety of classes of organofluorine compounds are considered, in particular, polyfluorinated arenes and 1,2-diaminobenzenes, 1-halo-2-trifluoroacetylacetylenes, α-fluoronitro compounds, fluorinated heterocycles, 2-hydrazinylidene-1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives, imines and silanes. The potential practical applications of organofluorine compounds in fundamental organic chemistry, materials science and biomedicine are outlined.

The bibliography includes 1019 references.
Histone 2B monoubiquitination complex integrates transcript elongation with RNA processing at circadian clock and flowering regulators
Authors: Woloszynska Magdalena , Le Gall Sabine , Neyt Pia , Boccardi Tommaso M. , Grasser Marion , Längst Gernot , Aesaert Stijn , Coussens Griet , Dhondt Stijn , Van De Slijke Eveline , Bruno Leonardo , Fung-Uceda Jorge , Mas Paloma , Van Montagu Marc , Inzé Dirk , Himanen Kristiina , De Jaeger Geert , Grasser Klaus D. , Van Lijsebettens Mieke
Published: March 2019

HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION1 (HUB1) and its paralog HUB2 act in a conserved heterotetrameric complex in the chromatin-mediated transcriptional modulation of developmental programs, such as flowering time, dormancy, and the circadian clock. The KHD1 and SPEN3 proteins were identified as interactors of the HUB1 and HUB2 proteins with in vitro RNA-binding activity. Mutants in
SPEN3
and
KHD1
had reduced rosette and leaf areas. Strikingly, in
spen3
mutants, the flowering time was slightly, but significantly, delayed, as opposed to the early flowering time in the
hub1-4
mutant. The mutant phenotypes in biomass and flowering time suggested a deregulation of their respective regulatory genes
CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED1
(
CCA1
) and
FLOWERING LOCUS C
(
FLC
) that are known targets of the HUB1-mediated histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub). Indeed, in the
spen3-1
and
hub1-4
mutants, the circadian clock period was shortened as observed by luciferase reporter assays, the levels of the
CCA1
α and
CCA1
β splice forms were altered, and the
CCA1
expression and H2Bub levels were reduced. In the
spen3-1
mutant, the delay in flowering time was correlated with an enhanced
FLC
expression, possibly due to an increased distal versus proximal ratio of its antisense
COOLAIR
transcript. Together with transcriptomic and double-mutant analyses, our data revealed that the HUB1 interaction with SPEN3 links H2Bub during transcript elongation with pre-mRNA processing at
CCA1
. Furthermore, the presence of an intact HUB1 at the
FLC
is required for SPEN3 function in the formation of the
FLC
-derived antisense
COOLAIR
transcripts.
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) loss causes neurodegeneration by altering protein turnover in the first postnatal weeks
Authors: Reinicke Anna T. , Laban Karoline , Sachs Marlies , Kraus Vanessa , Walden Michael , Damme Markus , Sachs Wiebke , Reichelt Julia , Schweizer Michaela , Janiesch Philipp Christoph , Duncan Kent E. , Saftig Paul , Rinschen Markus M. , Morellini Fabio , Meyer-Schwesinger Catherine
Published: March 2019

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is one of the most abundant and enigmatic enzymes of the CNS. Based on existing UCH-L1 knockout models, UCH-L1 is thought to be required for the maintenance of axonal integrity, but not for neuronal development despite its high expression in neurons. Several lines of evidence suggest a role for UCH-L1 in mUB homeostasis, although the specific in vivo substrate remains elusive. Since the precise mechanisms underlying UCH-L1–deficient neurodegeneration remain unclear, we generated a transgenic mouse model of UCH-L1 deficiency. By performing biochemical and behavioral analyses we can show that UCH-L1 deficiency causes an acceleration of sensorimotor reflex development in the first postnatal week followed by a degeneration of motor function starting at periadolescence in the setting of normal cerebral mUB levels. In the first postnatal weeks, neuronal protein synthesis and proteasomal protein degradation are enhanced, with endoplasmic reticulum stress, and energy depletion, leading to proteasomal impairment and an accumulation of nondegraded ubiquitinated protein. Increased protein turnover is associated with enhanced mTORC1 activity restricted to the postnatal period in UCH-L1–deficient brains. Inhibition of mTORC1 with rapamycin decreases protein synthesis and ubiquitin accumulation in UCH-L1–deficient neurons. Strikingly, rapamycin treatment in the first 8 postnatal days ameliorates the neurological phenotype of UCH-L1–deficient mice up to 16 weeks, suggesting that early control of protein homeostasis is imperative for long-term neuronal survival. In summary, we identified a critical presymptomatic period during which UCH-L1–dependent enhanced protein synthesis results in neuronal strain and progressive loss of neuronal function.
Diffusing wave microrheology of highly scattering concentrated monodisperse emulsions
Authors: Kim Ha Seong , Şenbil Nesrin , Zhang Chi , Scheffold Frank , Mason Thomas G.
Published: March 2019

Significance

By treating collective light scattering in dense colloidal systems, we improve the analysis approach for diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS), a dynamic light-scattering technique developed for white, highly scattering soft materials. Using this improved DWS analysis, we accurately measure the bounded translational motion of crowded oil droplets within concentrated monodisperse oil-in-water emulsions resembling mayonnaise. We show that the plateau elastic shear moduli of such emulsions determined by passive microrheology, based on this true bounded droplet motion and the generalized Stokes–Einstein relation, match very closely with mechanical measurements and model predictions as the droplets become more tightly jammed. This excellent quantitative agreement represents a major improvement over prior microrheology measurements on similar jammed emulsions that yielded only qualitative trends.
Multifunctionalized hydrogels foster hNSC maturation in 3D cultures and neural regeneration in spinal cord injuries
Authors: Marchini Amanda , Raspa Andrea , Pugliese Raffaele , El Malek Marina Abd , Pastori Valentina , Lecchi Marzia , Vescovi Angelo L. , Gelain Fabrizio
Published: March 2019

Significance

Cells reside in 3D microenvironments in living tissues; consequently, 3D cultures gained great interest because they better mimic the natural conditions of cells. Self-assembling peptides (SAPs) are synthetic bioabsorbable biomaterials that can provide customized 3D microenvironments regulating cell functionalities and tissue repair. Here we introduce a SAP-hydrogel designed to support human neural stem cell (hNSC) differentiation in 3D serum-free conditions, generating mature and active human neurons in vitro. We also demonstrate its functional neurorigenerative potential in rat spinal cord injuries, peaking when seeded with hNSCs progeny predifferentiated in vitro for 6 weeks. Despite these promising results, this approach should be confirmed in the future with medium-size animal models and with additional and refined behavioral tests before entering a clinical trial.
Nontoxic nanopore electroporation for effective intracellular delivery of biological macromolecules
Authors: Cao Yuhong , Ma Enbo , Cestellos-Blanco Stefano , Zhang Bei , Qiu Ruoyi , Su Yude , Doudna Jennifer A. , Yang Peidong
Published: March 2019

Significance

Efficient nonviral delivery of macromolecules including mRNA, DNA plasmids, Cas9 ribonucleoproteins, and functional protein into both adherent cells and suspension cells with high cell viability is crucial for cellular manipulation, cellular imaging, and medical applications. However, the conventional delivery methods are limited to a certain range of molecules and cell types and often reduce cell viability. Here, we demonstrate effective delivery of macromolecules by nanopore electroporation (NanoEP) using a water-filter nanoporous membrane. As compared with conventional electroporation that porates the entire cell, NanoEP induces localized electroporation on a nanosized area of the cell membrane, which preserves cell viability. Additionally, our delivery method does not require specialized equipment, which allows for easy access across laboratories and medical facilities.
A U2-snRNP–independent role of SF3b in promoting mRNA export
Authors: Wang Ke , Yin Changping , Du Xian , Chen Suli , Wang Jianshu , Zhang Li , Wang Lantian , Yu Yong , Chi Binkai , Shi Min , Wang Changshou , Reed Robin , Zhou Yu , Huang Jing , Cheng Hong
Published: March 2019

Significance

To ensure efficient and accurate gene expression, pre-mRNA processing and mRNA export need to be balanced. SF3b is a core component of U2 snRNP that participates in splicing and 3′ processing of pre-mRNAs. Here, we uncovered a role of SF3b in promoting mRNA export by directly binding with the mature mRNA and recruiting the key mRNA export adaptor THO. Intriguingly, this role is not dependent on U2 snRNP, but is rather enhanced upon U2 snRNP disruption as a result of enhanced SF3b–THO interaction and recruitment to the mRNA. Together, our work uncovers an important role of SF3b in promoting mRNA export and suggests that competition between U2 snRNP and the mature mRNP for SF3b contributes to balancing pre-mRNA processing and mRNA export.
Arabidopsis
and
Chlamydomonas
phosphoribulokinase crystal structures complete the redox structural proteome of the Calvin–Benson cycle
Authors: Gurrieri Libero , Del Giudice Alessandra , Demitri Nicola , Falini Giuseppe , Pavel Nicolae Viorel , Zaffagnini Mirko , Polentarutti Maurizio , Crozet Pierre , Marchand Christophe H. , Henri Julien , Trost Paolo , Lemaire Stéphane D. , Sparla Francesca , Fermani Simona
Published: March 2019

In land plants and algae, the Calvin–Benson (CB) cycle takes place in the chloroplast, a specialized organelle in which photosynthesis occurs. Thioredoxins (TRXs) are small ubiquitous proteins, known to harmonize the two stages of photosynthesis through a thiol-based mechanism. Among the 11 enzymes of the CB cycle, the TRX target phosphoribulokinase (PRK) has yet to be characterized at the atomic scale. To accomplish this goal, we determined the crystal structures of PRK from two model species: the green alga
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
(
Cr
PRK) and the land plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
(
At
PRK). PRK is an elongated homodimer characterized by a large central β-sheet of 18 strands, extending between two catalytic sites positioned at its edges. The electrostatic surface potential of the catalytic cavity has both a positive region suitable for binding the phosphate groups of substrates and an exposed negative region to attract positively charged TRX-f. In the catalytic cavity, the regulatory cysteines are 13 Å apart and connected by a flexible region exclusive to photosynthetic eukaryotes—the clamp loop—which is believed to be essential for oxidation-induced structural rearrangements. Structural comparisons with prokaryotic and evolutionarily older PRKs revealed that both
At
PRK and
Cr
PRK have a strongly reduced dimer interface and an increased number of random-coiled regions, suggesting that a general loss in structural rigidity correlates with gains in TRX sensitivity during the molecular evolution of PRKs in eukaryotes.
Target identification reveals lanosterol synthase as a vulnerability in glioma
Authors: Phillips Richard E. , Yang Yanhong , Smith Ryan C. , Thompson Bonne M. , Yamasaki Tomoko , Soto-Feliciano Yadira M. , Funato Kosuke , Liang Yupu , Garcia-Bermudez Javier , Wang Xiaoshi , Garcia Benjamin A. , Yamasaki Kazuhiko , McDonald Jeffrey G. , Birsoy Kivanç , Tabar Viviane , Allis C. David
Published: March 2019

Significance

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an incurable childhood cancer with a median survival of less than 1 y. Characterization of druggable targets in this disease remains a longstanding goal, as no pharmacological agents have proven efficacy in this malignancy. We recently identified the menin inhibitor, MI-2, as exhibiting potent antitumor activity in preclinical models of DIPG. Here, we show that MI-2 exerts its activity in glioma largely independent of its ability to target the epigenetic regulator menin, but instead by disrupting cholesterol homeostasis through direct inhibition of the cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme, lanosterol synthase, revealing this metabolic enzyme as an actionable vulnerability in glioma and implicating cholesterol homeostasis as an attractive pathway to target in malignant gliomas.
A CRISPR/Cas9-based central processing unit to program complex logic computation in human cells
Authors: Kim Hyojin , Bojar Daniel , Fussenegger Martin
Published: March 2019

Significance

By enabling rational programming of mammalian cell behavior, synthetic biology is driving innovation across biomedical applications. Using Cas9-variants as core as protein-based central processing units (CPUs) that control gene expression in response to single-guide RNAs as genetic software, we have programmed scalable Boolean logic computations such as the half adder in single human cells. Combining orthogonal Cas9-variants enabled the design of multicore genetic CPUs that provide parallel arithmetic computations. The Cas9-based multicore CPU design may provide opportunities in single-cell mammalian biocomputing to provide biomedical applications.
Self-repair as a norm-related strategy in simultaneous interpreting and its implications for gendered approaches to interpreting
Authors: Magnifico Cédric , Defrancq Bart
Published: March 2019

This paper analyses a possible gendered manifestation of norms in interpreting. It focuses on the use of self-repair, a textual expression of the norm, by male and female interpreters. Two research questions are examined: (1) whether the extent to which self-repairs occur in interpreting is gendered and (2) whether gender influences the way in which the output is repaired using editing terms. Considering the literature on gender and norm-compliance, female interpreters are expected to produce more self-repairs and editing terms than male interpreters. The research is based on the 2008 subcorpus of EPICG with French source speeches and their English and Dutch interpretations. The interpreters’ self-repairs were manually identified and statistically compared. Regarding the first question, it appears that gender influences the use of self-repairs in interpreting. As for the second one, statistical analysis reveals language-based patterns: in the English booth, women use significantly more editing terms than men. The French/Dutch subcorpus yields no significant difference. However, women seem to also use apologies as editing terms.
Harm Reduction Treatment for Smoking (HaRT-S): Findings from a Single-Arm Pilot Study with Smokers Experiencing Chronic Homelessness
Authors: Collins Susan E. , Nelson Lonnie A. , Stanton Joey , Mayberry Nigel , Ubay Tatiana , Taylor Emily M. , Hoffmann Gail , Goldstein Silvi C. , Saxon Andrew J. , Malone Daniel K. , Clifasefi Seema L. , Okuyemi Kolawole ,   The HaRT-S Community Advisory Board
Published: March 2019

Background: Smoking prevalence and mortality is 5 times higher for the chronically homeless versus general population. Unfortunately, traditional smoking cessation treatment does not optimally engage this population. In a preliminary study, smokers experiencing chronic homelessness suggested providers avoid giving advice to quit and instead use a more compassionate, nonjudgmental style to discuss a broader menu of patient-driven options, including safer nicotine use. Most had negative perceptions of smoking cessation medications; however, 76% expressed interest in a switchover to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Methods: Using a community-based participatory research approach, we codeveloped harm-reduction treatment for smoking (HaRT-S) together with people with lived experience of chronic homelessness and smoking and a community-based agency that serves them. In HaRT-S, interventionists embody a compassionate, advocacy-oriented “heart-set” and deliver manualized components: a) participant-led tracking of smoking-related outcomes, b) elicitation of harm-reduction goals and progress made toward them, c) discussion of relative risks of nicotine delivery systems, and d) distribution and instructions on use of safer nicotine products. We then conducted a single-arm, 14-week pilot of HaRT-S ( N = 44). Results: Participants rated procedures “totally acceptable/effective,” which was reflected in 26% overrecruitment within a 4-month period and 70% retention at the 14-week follow-up. For each week in the study, participants experienced an 18% increase in odds of reporting 7-day, biochemically verified, point-prevalence abstinence. All participants reporting abstinence used ENDS. Participants evinced reductions in cigarette dependence (−45%), frequency (-29%), and intensity (−78%; ps < .05). Participants who used ENDS experienced an additional 44% reduction in smoking intensity and a 1.2-point reduction in dependence compared to participants who did not. Conclusions: Harm-reduction counseling plus ENDS shows promise for smokers experiencing chronic homelessness. Randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy of this approach in decreasing smoking-related harm and improving health-related quality of life for this marginalized and disproportionately affected population.
Scheduling of training and recovery during the in‐season weekly micro‐cycle: Insights from team sport practitioners
Authors: Cross Rebecca , Siegler Jason , Marshall Paul , Lovell Ric
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the in‐season micro‐cycle scheduling strategies used in professional team sport with particular reference to the reasoning and perceptions that underpin current practice. An online survey was completed by 35 practitioners from professional collision (C; Australian rules football: n = 9; rugby league: n = 6; rugby union: n = 2) and non‐collision (NC; soccer; n = 18) sports. Respondents identified a common 48 h post‐match recovery period, with few scheduling training stimuli during this period (NC: range: 0–17%; C: range: 0–47%). The majority (C: 78%; NC: 89%) of resistance training sessions were concurrent in nature, often delivering resistance training in the afternoon following field‐based training (C: 72%; NC: 92%). NC practitioners were less satisfied with the maintenance of strength, power and hypertrophy (33–44%) versus C sports (59–76%), reflected by the lower frequency of prescription reported (C: 2.4 ± 0.6; NC: 1.5 ± 0.9; p = .003). Cold water immersion following both matches and daily training was highly prevalent, as was the adoption of self‐report tools to monitor recovery. The congested and concurrent nature of training prescription during the micro‐cycle, together with the universal adoption of routine cold water immersion warrants further investigation to inform evidence‐based prescription and scheduling of training and recovery modalities in professional team sports.
Men vs. women world marathon records’ pacing strategies from 1998 to 2018
Authors: Díaz José Joaquín , Fernández‐Ozcorta Eduardo J. , Torres Miguel , Santos‐Concejero Jordan
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to analyse the pacing strategies adopted by elite male and female marathon runners when setting every world record since 1998. For data analysis, the total distance of the marathon was divided into eight sections of 5 km and a final section of 2.195 km, and the relative average speed of each section was calculated individually. Female athletes maintained similar speeds in the first and second half of the marathon (ES = 0.22, small effect, p = 0.705), whereas male athletes increased their speed as the marathon progressed (ES = 1.18, moderate effect, p = 0.011). However, no differences were observed between men and women in either the first (ES = 0.56, small effect, p = 0.290), or in the second half of the marathon (ES = 0.60, moderate effect, p = 0.266). When comparing the women's world records (1998–2003) vs. men's records (1998–2018) by sections, we observed differences at the beginning of the race (second section, ES = 0.89, moderate effect) and at the end (last section, ES = 0.87, moderate effect). The pace variations during the race were similar between male athletes and that of women with male pacemakers (1.53% ± 0.60 vs. 1.68% ± 0.84, respectively). However, a trend towards higher pace variations during the race in the female records with female pacemakers was observed (2.28% ± 0.95). This study shows how male and female marathon records in the last 20 years have been set using different pacing strategies. While men used a negative strategy (faster finishing), women used a less uniform pacing strategy.
Probing ferromagnetic order in few-fermion correlated spin-flip dynamics
Authors: Koutentakis G M , Mistakidis S I , Schmelcher P
Published: March 2019

We unravel the dynamical stability of a fully polarized one-dimensional ultracold few-fermion spin-1/2 gas subjected to inhomogeneous driving of the itinerant spins. Despite the unstable character of the total spin-polarization the existence of an interaction regime is demonstrated where the spin-correlations lead to almost maximally aligned spins throughout the dynamics. The resulting ferromagnetic order emerges from the build up of superpositions of states of maximal total spin. They comprise a decaying spin-polarization and a dynamical evolution towards an almost completely unpolarized NOON-like state. Via single-shot simulations we demonstrate that our theoretical predictions can be detected in state-of-the-art ultracold experiments.
Particle and salinity sensing for the marine environment via deep learning using a Raspberry Pi
Authors: Grant-Jacob James A , Xie Yunhui , Mackay Benita S , Praeger Matthew , McDonnell Michael D T , Heath Daniel J , Loxham Matthew , Eason Robert W , Mills Ben
Published: March 2019

The identification of mixtures of particles in a solution via analysis of scattered light can be a complex task, due to the multiple scattering effects between different sizes and types of particles. Deep learning offers the capability for solving complex problems without the need for a physical understanding of the underlying system, and hence offers an elegant solution. Here, we demonstrate the application of convolutional neural networks for the identification of the concentration of microparticles (silicon dioxide and melamine resin) and the solution salinity, directly from the scattered light. The measurements were carried out in real-time using a Raspberry Pi, light source, camera, and neural network computation, hence demonstrating a portable and low-cost environmental marine sensor.
Open Agile text mining for bioinformatics: the PubAnnotation ecosystem
Authors: Kim Jin-Dong , Wang Yue , Fujiwara Toyofumi , Okuda Shujiro , Callahan Tiffany J , Cohen K Bretonnel
Published: March 2019

Motivation

Most currently available text mining tools share two characteristics that make them less than optimal for use by biomedical researchers: they require extensive specialist skills in natural language processing and they were built on the assumption that they should optimize global performance metrics on representative datasets. This is a problem because most end-users are not natural language processing specialists and because biomedical researchers often care less about global metrics like F-measure or representative datasets than they do about more granular metrics such as precision and recall on their own specialized datasets. Thus, there are fundamental mismatches between the assumptions of much text mining work and the preferences of potential end-users.

Results

This article introduces the concept of Agile text mining, and presents the PubAnnotation ecosystem as an example implementation. The system approaches the problems from two perspectives: it allows the reformulation of text mining by biomedical researchers from the task of assembling a complete system to the task of retrieving warehoused annotations, and it makes it possible to do very targeted customization of the pre-existing system to address specific end-user requirements. Two use cases are presented: assisted curation of the GlycoEpitope database, and assessing coverage in the literature of pre-eclampsia-associated genes.

Availability and implementation

The three tools that make up the ecosystem, PubAnnotation, PubDictionaries and TextAE are publicly available as web services, and also as open source projects. The dictionaries and the annotation datasets associated with the use cases are all publicly available through PubDictionaries and PubAnnotation, respectively.
Revisiting the Breath of Life Theory
Authors: Blackstock Cindy
Published: March 2019

Whilst theorists in physics have been striving for a ‘theory of everything’ to explain the interconnections of matter across time and space (Hawking, 2006), western social theories are largely segmented and situated within a limited scope of time and space with little attention to the multiple dimensions of reality that western physics and indigenous knowledge have already validated (Blackstock, 2009a,b). Ten years ago, I developed the Breath of Life theory (Blackstock, 2011) to provoke a conversation about Indigenous ontological approaches that place human experience in an interconnected web of reality across time, space and dimensions of reality. The overall goal was to engage other theorists into the communal building of a ‘theory of everything’ to inform social sciences and to highlight the richness of Indigenous ontology and epistemology. This article revisits the Breath of Life theory and argues that a greater emphasis on equity within and between the relational worldview principles (Cross, 2007) would be a useful modification.
FA08.05: LOSS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS IN FOLLOW UP IN PALLIATIVELY STENTED ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS PREDICTS WORSE OUTCOME
Authors: Järvinen Tommi , Ilonen Ilkka , Räsänen Jari
Published: March 2019

Background

Advanced esophageal cancer often causes malignant obstruction, which is widely treated with palliative insertion of a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS). The purpose of this study was to assess, in patients who had received SEMS for palliation of malignant obstruction caused by advanced esophageal cancer, the prognostic significance of loss of muscle mass during follow up.

Methods

118 patients were included. 58 (49,2%) patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 52 (44,1%) adenocarcinoma and 8 (6,7%) other histology. Two sets of abdominal CT scans of EC patients who had a stent inserted for palliation of malignant obstruction between 2005 and 2013 were analyzed (N = 118). First scan was taken at stent insertion. Median time difference between scans was 92 days. The cross-sectional total muscle area (TMA) at the level of L3 was assessed and skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated by dividing the TMA with the square of the patients height in cm. Follow up lasted until death for all of the 118 patients.

Results

Median overall survival (OS) was 188 days (IQR: 124–255 days). Median amount of weight loss during follow up was 10 kg's (IQR: 8 -16.5 kg's). Median percentual loss of SMI was 11.6% (IQR: 1.1–19.5%). Loss of more than the median amount of %SMI correlated with worse OS (187 vs. 242 days, P = 0.018), as seen in Figure 1.

Conclusion

In the setting of palliatively SEMS-treated esophageal cancer, the amount of skeletal muscle lost during follow up correlates with worse prognosis.

Disclosure

All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
PS01.169: RADICAL ESOPHAGECTOMY COMBINED WITH RESECTION OF INVADED DESCENDING AORTA FOR T4 BARRETT’S ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Yajima Satoshi , Shimada Hideaki , Suzuki Takashi , Nanami Tatsuki , Oshima Yoko , Shiratori Fumiaki
Published: March 2019

Background

Esophageal cancer invading the descending aorta is a frequent subset of locally advanced unresectable esophageal cancer. Radical resection combined with removal of the descending aorta may be the only possible surgical approach for such tumors.

Methods

[Case report] A 58-year-old man who complained of dysphagia was referred to our hospital. Esophagogastroscopy showed the presence of long-segment Barrett's esophagus 19 cm from the incisors and a type 2 tumor 29–38cm from the incisors. Computed tomography revealed that the metastatic lymph node had markedly invaded the descending aorta and showed left adrenal gland metastasis. This patient was diagnosed with Stage IV lower thoracic Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with two courses of cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil. After the chemotherapy, the main tumor, left adrenal gland metastasis and lymph node metastasis had not responded. We judged that R0 surgery was available for excision of the aorta because the distant metastasis was only left adrenal metastasis and there was no emergence of a new lesion.

Results

[Surgery] First we operated the neck and abdomen simultaneously in the supine position. Superior mediastinal dissection and esophageal transection were performed by mediastinoscope-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy technique. Removal of the left adrenal gland and abdominal esophageal transection were performed. The position of the patient was converted to the left lateral position. With left thoracotomy, the descending aorta was taped above and below the lesion. With ACT 200 or more by heparin administration, PCPC was provided. Transfer descending aorta was replaced with artificial blood vessel. After neutralization by protamine sulfate, the thoracic esophagus was safely removed. The artificial blood vessel was covered with omentum and indwelling thoracic drain was performed. Finally, an esophagocutaneous fistula was built in the anterior chest. The operation time was 14h38min, and the blood loss was 1730g with 2970ml blood transfusion. The patient stayed in the ICU for seven days and discharge was 22 days post-operative. Histopathological diagnosis is adenocarcinoma of Barrett's esophagus, 80 × 30mm, por>tub2, pT4b (aorta).

Conclusion

Bilateral thoracotomy is necessary in radical surgery for aortic infiltrating thoracic esophageal cancer, but surgical stress is excessive. A mediastinoscope-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy approach is a minimally invasive option to avoid bilateral thoracotomy.

Disclosure

All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
PS02.248: ASSESSMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION AND SARCOPENIA IN PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Boshier Piers R , Heneghan Rachel , Markar Sheraz R , Baracos Vickie E , Low Donald E
Published: March 2019

Background

There has recently been increased interest in the assessment of body composition in patients with esophageal cancer for the purpose of nutritional evaluation and prognostication. This systematic review and meta-analysis intends to summarize and critically evaluate the current literature concerning the assessment of body composition in patients with esophageal cancer and to assess its potential implication upon early and late outcomes.

Methods

A systematic literature search (up to August-2017) was conducted for studies describing the assessment of body composition in patients with esophageal and gastroesophageal junctional cancer. Meta-analysis of postoperative outcomes including long-term survival was performed using random effects models.

Results

C Twenty-nine studies reported the assessment of body composition in 3193 patients. Methods used to assess body composition in patients with esophageal cancer included: computerized tomography (n = 18 studies); bioelectrical impedance analysis (n = 10), and; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (n = 1). Significant variability was observed in regard to study design and the criteria used to define individual parameters of body composition. Sarcopenic patients had a higher incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (7 studies, OR 2.03, 95%-CI 1.32 to 3.11, P = 0.001) after esophagectomy. Meta-analysis of six studies presenting long-term outcomes after esophagectomy identified significantly worse survival in patients who were sarcopenic (HR 1.70, 95%-CI 1.33 to 2.17, P < 0.0001; Figure 1).

Conclusion

The assessment of body composition has the potential to become a clinically useful tool that could support decision-making in patients with esophageal cancer. Current evidence is however weakened by inconsistencies in methods of assessing and reporting body composition in this patient group.

Disclosure

All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Association between place of delivery for pregnant mothers and neonatal mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chaka Eshetu E , Mekurie Mulugeta , Abdurahman Ahmed Abdulahi , Parsaeian Mahboubeh , Majdzadeh Reza
Published: March 2019

Background

Neonatal mortality is a major health problem mainly in the developing countries and its reduction was remain stagnant during the era of Millennium Development Goal. Current global health policies emphasize institutional deliveries as a pathway to achieving reductions in neonatal mortality in developing countries. There are inconsistent conclusions of evidence about this fact, mainly in developing countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the association between health facility delivery and neonatal mortality.

Methods

We systematically searched EMBASE, PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Scopus through 18 March 2018 and then updated on 14 February 2019. I2 test statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Publication bias was checked using a funnel plot and meta-bias test. Random-effects model was used to determine the pooled effect size.

Results

Nineteen articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) indicated that health facility delivery was significantly associated with the odds of neonatal mortality (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.58). This significant inverse association was consistently found regardless of study design, geographical region and quality of the study. There is evidence of publication bias with high heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 84.5%).

Conclusion

The odds of neonatal mortality were much likely lower among those delivered at a health facility than those delivery at home. Therefore, encouraging delivery in a health facility and minimizing any barrier to health facility are important. Further longitudinal studies based on larger, more representative samples are therefore needed to further assess the underlying relationships.
Wavenumber explicit convergence analysis for finite element discretizations of general wave propagation problems
Authors: Chaumont-Frelet T , Nicaise S
Published: March 2019

We analyse the convergence of finite element discretizations of time-harmonic wave propagation problems. We propose a general methodology to derive stability conditions and error estimates that are explicit with respect to the wavenumber $k$. This methodology is formally based on an expansion of the solution in powers of $k$, which permits to split the solution into a regular, but oscillating part, and another component that is rough, but behaves nicely when the wavenumber increases. The method is developed in its full generality and is illustrated by three particular cases: the elastodynamic system, the convected Helmholtz equation and the acoustic Helmholtz equation in homogeneous and heterogeneous media. Numerical experiments are provided, which confirm that the stability conditions and error estimates are sharp.