bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Interacting and Learning Experiences on Public Stigma Against Dementia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Noguchi Taiji , Nakagawa Takeshi , Komatsu Ayane , Shang Erhua , Murata Chiyoe , Saito Tami
Published: October 2023

Background: Overcoming dementia stigma is a global challenge. Contact and education on dementia may be promising approaches for reducing public stigma; however, the current evidence is insufficient. This study examined the moderating factors associated with the public stigma against dementia, focusing on experiences of interacting with and learning about people with dementia. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 710 adults aged 20–69 years who were not involved in any medical or care work. Participants were recruited via a web-based questionnaire survey for a large internet survey agency’s panel in Japan. In terms of the public stigma about dementia, four domains were assessed using a multidimensional assessment scale: personal avoidance, fear of labelling, person-centredness, and fear of discrimination. We compared the stigma scores according to the participants’ experiences of interacting with people with dementia (‘none’, ‘talking or activities together’, or ‘living together’) and learning about dementia (‘yes’ or ‘no’), adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors.

Results: Compared with those without interaction experiences, those with experiences of talking or activities with people with dementia had lower personal avoidance ( p = .001), fear of labelling ( p = .026), and fear of discrimination ( p = .031); those with experiences of living together with people with dementia had lower personal avoidance ( p = .014) and fear of discrimination ( p = .031). Compared with those without learning experiences related to dementia, those with such experiences had lower personal avoidance ( p < .001) and higher person-centredness ( p = .048).

Conclusions: The findings suggest that the promotion of interaction with and learning about people with dementia may be important for addressing the public stigma.
The white light vibrations of Norman K. Denzin
Authors: Staller Karen M
Published: October 2023

With Norman K. Denzin’s death on 6 August 2023, the global community of qualitative researchers lost a visionary scholar and vocal crusader in broad areas of critical and interpretivist theory, pedagogy, and practice. His pioneering work included contributions to symbolic interactionism, symbiotics, performance studies, autoethnography, and narrative performance to name a few. Founder of the International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry (ICQI) and several prominent journals devoted to critical scholarship, he also coauthored the influential Sage handbooks on qualitative research.  His impact was titanic. This article examines his influence in one discrete area of journal editorship. However, it also draws broader conclusions about his enormous contributions including: his panache for bold action in the face of paralyzing situations, his efforts to create safe and respected academic spaces for other scholars, his leadership in challenging normative academic culture, his deep-seated belief in the transformational power of qualitative inquiry, and his ever-evident moral compass set on enacting inclusive, compassionate, and socially just communities.  A tireless crusader for a more utopian society, his white light vibrations will continue to provide a source of energy for those looking to perform a better version of humanity.
Development and Piloting of the Enhanced Integrated Behavioral Model to Frame a Social Marketing Campaigns for Teens
Authors: Lilo Emily A. , McIntosh White Judith , Weiss David
Published: October 2023

Background

Teenagers are at high-risk of obesity and related co-morbidities, and yet, are notoriously challenging to engage for behavior change.

Focus

This work offers an innovative integrated theoretical model, the Enhanced Integrated Behavioral Model (EIBM), drawing from communication, persuasion, and behavior-change theories to inform social marketing.

Research Question

Can the EIBM prove effective to reach and engage teens in both behavior- and social norms-change?

Program Design/Approach

We used EIBM to pilot a social marketing campaign aimed at increasing water consumption among teens and their networks.

Importance to Field

Social marketing is an approach, not a theory. Behavior change models usually provide only limited instruction on messaging. Communication theories can lack practical application guidance. By combining both, we propose a theoretical framework to maximize social marketing campaigns.

Methods

We piloted a two-tiered social media driven social marketing campaign for high school students to promote increased water consumption and decreased sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in rural New Mexico to change their behaviors and engage them as change agents.

Results

Our campaign guided students through various stages of attitude, empowerment, and behavior change, for themselves and their families and friends, supporting our model’s utility for social marketing campaign design and implementation.

Recommendations for Research

Further testing of EIBM for social marketing.
Yield of Whole Body Computed Tomography in Hyper-Acute Stroke Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Sakuta Kenichi , Yaguchi Hiroshi , Nakada Ryoji , Miyagawa Shinji , Hasegawa Izumu , Okuno Kenji , Teshigawara Akihiko , Fuga Michiyasu , Shimizu Kanichiro , Iguchi Yasuyuki
Published: October 2023

Purpose

In the majority of cases, large vessel occlusion (LVO) in ischemic stroke patients has an embolic origin. Systemic embolism can occur simultaneously with brain thrombosis. This retrospective study evaluated the frequency and locations of systemic embolism in LVO stroke patients receiving revascularization therapy.

Materials and Methods

In our facility, we use contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) to assess suspected stroke patients and routinely perform CE-CT from the chest to the abdomen after brain CT angiography to rule out contraindications like aortic dissection and trauma for thrombolysis. Systemic embolism is also assessed using these images, while myocardial infarction is evaluated based on electrocardiograms and laboratory findings. Other relevant clinical features of each patient are also analyzed.

Results

In total, 612 consecutively admitted stroke patients and 32 LVO patients who underwent revascularization therapy were included in the present study. Systemic embolism was identified in four patients (13%). The spleen was the most commonly affected organ, followed by the heart, kidneys, limbs, and lungs. All four patients with systemic embolism exhibited LVO resulting from embolism as the underlying mechanism.

Conclusion

Systemic embolism was observed in 13% of our LVO patients, all of whom had LVO of embolic origin.
Outcome following the surgical management of varicocele in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tandon Sarthak , Bennett Daniel , Mark Nataraja Ramesh , Pacilli Maurizio
Published: October 2023

Background:

The ideal surgical approach for the management of varicocele in children and adolescents remains controversial. Several techniques are available including artery- or lymphatic-sparing with optical magnification ( via open inguinal or sub-inguinal approach), laparoscopic, antegrade and retrograde embolization/sclerotherapy.

Objectives:

We aimed to appraise the clinical outcomes of these techniques in children and adolescents.

Data Sources and Methods:

A systematic review was conducted (1997–2023). Meta-analysis or proportional meta-analysis for non-comparative studies (Freeman-Tukey transformation) using the random effects model was conducted. Results are expressed as overall proportion % and 95% conﬁdence interval (CI).

Results:

We identified 1910 studies; 632 duplicates were removed, 1278 were screened, 203 were reviewed and 56 were included, with 12 reporting on 2 different techniques (total of 68 data sets). Optical magnification via inguinal approach (498 cases): recurrence 2.5% (0.6–5.6), hydrocele 1.6% (0.47–3.4), testicular atrophy 1% (0.3–2.0), complications 1.1% (0.2–2.6); optical magnification via sub-inguinal approach (592 cases): recurrence 2.1% (0.7–4.4), hydrocele 1.26% (0.5–2.3), testicular atrophy 0.5% (0.1–1.3), complications 4% (1.0–8.8). Laparoscopic with mass-ligation/division (1943 cases): recurrence 2.9% (1.5–4.6), hydrocele 11.4% (8.3–14.9); complications 1.5% (0.6–2.9); laparoscopic with lymphatic-sparing (974 cases): recurrence 2.4% (1.5–3.5), hydrocele 1.2% (0.45–3.36), complications 1.2% (0.05–3.9); laparoscopic with artery-sparing (228 cases): recurrence 6.6% (2.3–12.9), hydrocele 6.5% (2.6–12.0). Antegrade embolization/sclerotherapy (403 cases): recurrence 7.6% (5.2–10.4), hydrocele 0.8% (0.17–1.9), technical failure 0.6% (0.1–1.6), complications 4.0% (2.3–6.1); retrograde embolization/sclerotherapy (509 cases): recurrence 6.9% (4.6–9.5), hydrocele 0.8% (0.05–2.5), technical failure 10.2% (4.6–17.6), and complications 4.8% (1.0–11.2).

Conclusion:

The recurrence rate varies between 2.1% and 7.6% and is higher with the embolization/sclerotherapy techniques. Post-operative hydrocele rate varies between 0.8% and 11.4% and is higher with the laparoscopic mass-ligation/division technique. Testicular atrophy has not been reported with the laparoscopic and embolization/sclerotherapy techniques. The retrograde embolization technique is associated with 10% technical failure (inability to complete the procedure). The laparoscopic lymphatic-sparing technique is characterized by the lowest recurrence rate, incidence of hydrocele and other complications, and no reports of testicular atrophy.
The effectiveness of interventions to improve the seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among nurses: A systematic review
Authors: Flanagan Paula , Dowling Maura , Sezgin Duygu , Mereckiene Jolita , Murphy Louise , Giltenane Martina , Carr Peter , Gethin Georgina
Published: October 2023

Background

Seasonal influenza is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite annual recommendations, influenza vaccination uptake rates are disproportionately lower among nurses compared to other health care professionals, especially when compared to physicians. Nurses have an additional risk of exposure to influenza infection due to the nature of their work.

Aim

To determine the effectiveness of interventions in increasing seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among nurses

Methods

Evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to improve seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among nurses was systematically reviewed. A comprehensive search of six electronic databases and grey literature was undertaken. A minimum of two reviewers completed study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment independently.

Results

One hundred and thirty-four studies were identified of which one cluster randomised trial met the inclusion criteria. The results of the included study found the implementation of an intervention with multiple components increased nurses’ seasonal influenza vaccination rates during a single influenza season in geriatric healthcare settings in France. As the evidence in this review was very limited, it was not possible to make recommendations regarding which interventions were effective at increasing the seasonal influenza vaccination rate for nurses.

Conclusion

This systematic review highlights a lack of high-quality studies that assessed interventions to improve the seasonal influenza vaccination of nurses. In view of the likelihood of influenza and the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic occurring together, it is imperative to have evidence on effective interventions for the nursing workforce and for policy decision makers.
Civil Society's Inconsistent Liberalism in Southeast Asia: Exercising Accountability Along Differing Diagonals
Authors: Weiss Meredith L.
Published: October 2023

Predating but intensifying with the public health and economic crises COVID-19 sparked has been a political one, of democratic decline or autocratic consolidation, across much of Southeast Asia. Concerned actors and organisations from civil society have acted as firewalls against democratic decline or autocratisation, even as fellow civil society organisations (CSOs) have exerted countervailing, anti-democratic pressure. Indeed, CSOs may be no more progressive than the state, nor fully autonomous from it, and may be debilitatingly fragmented or polarised. And yet across the region, CSOs still disrupt regimes’ would-be panoptic scrutiny and authority, by presenting alternative spaces and premises for mobilisation and voice, through a range of modalities. Regardless of their ideological stance, CSOs’ political engagement represents the promise or exercise of diagonal accountability. This check interacts with vertical and horizontal dimensions and retains the potential for meaningful intervention – but need not pull in a liberal direction.
The Effect of Core Stabilization Exercises on Physical Fitness Parameters in Child Gymnasts: Randomized Controlled Assessor-blind Study
Authors: İpek Dongaz Özge , Başer Yaprak , Bayar Kılıçhan
Published: October 2023

Background:

The improvement of physical fitness parameters is beneficial for child gymnasts to maximize functionality. Core stability exercises (CSEs) help maintain spinal stabilization during athletic performance. Thus, they contribute to enhancing gymnasts’ performance on various movements and planes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8-week CSEs training on the physical fitness parameters of child gymnasts.

Hypothesis:

An 8-week CSEs intervention could be beneficial for improving the various physical parameters in child gymnasts.

Study Design:

Randomized trial.

Level of Evidence:

Level 2.

Methods:

Thirty-six child gymnasts (aged 7-12 years) were allocated randomly into a training group (TG) and control group (CG). Participants in the TG received CSEs in addition to the traditional program for 8 weeks. The physical fitness parameters of all participants were assessed twice before and after training.

Results:

The results showed that all participants’ scores of balance, endurance, sprint, and jumping parameters improved after exercise programs ( P < 0.05). The muscle strength and flexibility scores of the TG showed a statistically significant difference compared with the CG ( P < 0.05). However, compared with other parameters, there were no significant changes seen in the scores between groups ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The CSEs training contributed to the improvement of all physical fitness parameters in child gymnasts.

Clinical Relevance:

The addition of CSEs to traditional training could help improve athletic performance in child gymnasts.
Designing voice interfaces to support mindfulness-based pain management
Authors: Mendu Sanjana , Doyle Fosco Sebrina L. , Lanza Stephanie T. , Abdullah Saeed
Published: October 2023

Objective

Chronic pain is a critical public health issue affecting approximately 20% of the adult population in the United States. Given the opioid crisis, there has been an urgent focus on non-addictive pain management methods including mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Prior work has successfully used MBSR for pain management. However, ensuring longitudinal engagement in MBSR practices remains a serious challenge. In this work, we explore the utility of a voice interface to support MBSR home practice.

Methods

We interviewed 10 mindfulness program facilitators to understand how such a technology might fit in the context of the MBSR class and identify potential usability issues with our prototype. We then used directed content analysis to identify key themes and sub-themes within the interview data.

Results

Our findings show that facilitators supported the use of the voice interface for MBSR, particularly for individuals with limited motor function. Facilitators also highlighted the unique affordances of voice interfaces, including perceived social presence, to support sustained engagement.

Conclusion

We demonstrate the acceptability of a voice interface to support home practice for MBSR participants among trained mindfulness facilitators. Based on our findings, we outline design recommendations for technologies aiming to provide longitudinal support for mindfulness-based interventions. Future work should further these efforts toward making non-addictive pain management interventions accessible and efficacious for a wide audience of users.
If it is bad, why don’t I quit? Algorithmic recommendation use strategy from folk theories
Authors: Chen Keyi
Published: October 2023

Users persist in utilizing algorithmic recommendations despite perceiving their adverse consequences, such as privacy invasion and filter bubbles. This behavior appears contradictory to the innate human inclination to seek benefits and avert disadvantages. Employing folk theories, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 24 users who acknowledged the detrimental effects of algorithms and maintained a non-positive attitude toward them but continued their usage. The findings revealed that users adhere to the principle of rational choice: they engage in positive risk aversion (confining their usage to entertainment domain and affirming their own abilities) and negative self-avoidance (acknowledging the inevitability of privacy invasion, imagining the additional costs of turning off algorithmic recommendations, and believing that everyone relies on algorithms, rendering the costs relatively inconspicuous). Throughout this process of self-adaptation, users assumed diverse roles (the inactive, active, resister, swayer) to achieve a harmonious state and sustain their reliance on algorithmic recommendations.
Effects of using passive back- and arm-support exoskeletons for cart pushing and pulling
Authors: Park Hanjun , Noll Alex , Kim Sunwook , Nussbaum Maury A.
Published: October 2023

Though studies have shown both BSEs and ASEs are effective in reducing physical demands for various manual material handling tasks, limited evidence is currently available on their effects in pushing and pulling tasks. We evaluated the impacts of using a passive back-support (BSE) and an arm-support exoskeleton (ASE) on trunk kinematics, and the back and arm musculature for pushing and pulling of a moderately loaded (100 kg) cart. Fourteen volunteers performed cart the tasks, each of whom was randomly assigned one of the exoskeletons (BSE or ASE). Wearing the BSE substantially reduced lumbar muscle activity during both pushing (up to ~39%) and pulling (up to ~35%) compared to not wearing EXOs, while wearing an ASE had no significant impacts. For the anterior deltoid muscle, neither BSE nor ASE had beneficial impacts. Findings from the current study help to understand the effects of BSEs and ASEs in pushing and pulling tasks.
Do Sensor-Based Interventions Differ from Traditional Physical Therapies in Improving Older Adults’ Balance?
Authors: MAO Qian , YU Lisha , ZHANG Jiaxin , YANG Fan , WANG Hailiang
Published: October 2023

Interventions using sensor technologies have the potential to facilitate balance improvement in clinical practice and, to some extent, are recommended as an alternative to traditional physical therapies. However, whether sensor-based technologies differ from traditional physical therapies in improving older adults’ balance remains unclear. Our systematic review identified 25 randomized controlled trials for the meta-analysis. The findings showed that sensor-based interventions performed better than traditional physical therapies in improving balance performance (mean difference = -0.448s, p < 0.001). In subgroup analyses by dividing sensors into three categories (i.e., optical, perception, and wearable sensors), interventions using optical sensors were more effective than traditional physical therapies (mean difference = -0.681s, p < 0.001); while no significant differences were found for the interventions using perception sensors (mean difference = -0.226 s, p =0.106) and wearable sensors (mean difference = -0.490s, p < 0.328) as compared to traditional physical therapies.
The Role of Self-Regulated Learning in Safe Behavior: Constructing a Model of Safe Behavior Incorporating Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Yamada Noriaki , Itoh Makoto
Published: October 2023

In recent years, efforts have been made to improve organizational safety in various industrial sectors such as construction, nuclear, aviation, and medicine. In these industries, learning is necessary to maintain high-quality safety management. Thus, there is a growing interest in learning in various industries, with a variety of training programs being implemented in practice as a safety management strategy. However, few studies have examined the relationship between learning abilities and safety management. In this study, in the occupational safety behavior intention model, the factor of the ingenuity of skills was replaced with the factor of self-regulated learning ability, and a safety behavior intention model adapted to self-regulated learning was constructed and validated using a structural equation model. The results indicated that the model of safety actions with built-in self-regulated learning was valid. These results suggest that self-regulated learning enhances safe behavior because of the high degree of congruence between self-regulated learning related to motivation and work motivation related to safe behavior.
Effects of NDRT interface display and control modalities on motion sickness during autonomous driving
Authors: Kim Sungmin , Hwang Kitae , Kwak Youngkwan , Park Woojin
Published: October 2023

This study comparatively evaluated four different non-driving-related task (NDRT) interface designs varying in the interface display and control modalities in terms of their impacts on the severity of autonomous vehicle (AV) motion sickness (MS). In an on-road experiment, participants conducted a simulated AV NDRT (a letter 2-back task) using each NDRT interface design. The independent variables were NDRT interface display modality and control modality. Display modality had two levels: visual (V) and auditory (A). Control modality also had two levels: manual (M) and speech (S). Thus, the four NDRT interface designs were: VM, VS, AM and AS. The dependent measures were the pre-post differences in the motion sickness assessment questionnaire (MSAQ) scores quantifying the increases in MS due to the NDRT. Display modality significantly affected all the dependent measures. The mean pre-post differences were larger for visual than for auditory. Control modality did not affect any of the dependent measures
A comparison of sensorimotor assessment accuracy between augmented reality and touchscreen environments
Authors: Tang Jianyang , Weiss Hannah , Stirling Leia
Published: October 2023

Augmented Reality provides a mobile platform that could be used for a variety of human motor control assessments. Sensorimotor evaluations, directed towards hand-eye coordination, have widespread applications in many domains. This study investigated the effect of modality on a sensorimotor assessment by comparing button press location accuracy when administered through a touchscreen and with augmented reality. Participants performed a multidirectional tapping task under two degrees of Task Difficulty and Modality. Average accuracy decreased as the difficulty of the task increased as expected. Average accuracy also decreased when performing the task using AR as compared to using the touchscreen. There was no significant interaction between Task Difficulty and Modality. While AR can be used to assess hand-eye coordination, care should be taken when comparing to measures collected from different modalities. Further work will evaluate additional metrics to support understanding differences and similarities in these interfaces to support design recommendations.
Functional and Inclusive Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Pant Anthropometric Needs for Blueprint Development
Authors: Sokolowski Susan L. , Griffin Linsey
Published: October 2023

Academic literature and safety organizations have documented challenges women face with personal protective equipment (PPE) sizing and fit. The major contributing factor for these challenges is relevant anthropometric data and how that data is applied to product blueprints. For example, in order to draft an accurate blueprint for pants, 33 specific anthropometric measures are needed. When considering a highly referenced standard and anthropometric databases utilized for PPE pant development - ISO (2017), CAESAR (2002) and ANSUR (2012), only 6%, 21%, and 21% of the measures depicted were included, respectively. This research will demonstrate what anthropometric measures are needed to draft a functional PPE pant blueprint, while highlighting issues when these measures are not included.
Effects of Traffic and Road Contextual Language on Survey Design: A Comparison of Two Emotional Intelligence Scales
Authors: Ahmed Jubaer , Miller Erika E.
Published: October 2023

Research has found that emotional intelligence (EI) can predict dangerous driving behaviors. However, EI measures have not been explicitly designed for driving and there exists a need to develop an EI scale to better measure drivers’ EI relevant to driving situations. The objective of this study was to evaluate how adapting survey language to the driving context effected the predictive power of driver EI on dangerous driving. Two surveys were conducted, where the baseline survey used the original survey language and the second rephrased every question to provide driving specific context. The two EI scales used in both surveys were the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) and Genos EI. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that TEIQue, compared to Genos, has a stronger ability to assess drivers’ EI and predict dangerous behaviors. Changing language to the traffic context significantly improved model fit between driving behaviors and TEIQue, but not Genos.
The Development of the Wearable Robot Perception (WeaR-P) Questionnaire
Authors: Valentin Yves , Choi HeeSun
Published: October 2023

Advancing wearable worker assistive technology, such as exoskeletons, has been increasingly used in broad workplaces due to its potential to improve worker health and safety and increase productivity, especially among workers with limited or declined physical capabilities. However, there is limited understanding of the current and potential users’ perceptions of this rapidly advancing technology and how those positive or negative perceptions may impact their interaction with wearable robots. Researchers have conducted a literature review of studies examining robot users’ attitudes and technology acceptance to address this gap. Based on the review, we developed a new questionnaire that can be used to assess multi-dimensional user perception of wearable robots. This questionnaire can help provide valuable insights into how individuals perceive emerging wearable robots and the impacts of user perception on their behaviors and attitudes.
Individual Differences in Body Mass, Biological Sex, and Physical Fitness Affecting Human-Exoskeleton Interactions
Authors: Leibman Daniel , Choi HeeSun
Published: October 2023

Prior research investigating human-exoskeleton interactions showed significant variabilities among users in their physical, physiological, and cognitive responses associated with exoskeleton use. Individual exoskeleton users’ varying anthropometric and demographic characteristics may lead to large inter-individual variability. This study examined the impacts of exoskeleton users’ body mass index (BMI), sex, and physical fitness on perceived exoskeleton fit, exoskeleton-related pain, and physical and cognitive task performances while wearing upper- and lower-body exoskeletons. The results indicated that participants with higher BMI were more likely to experience pain with an upper-body exoskeleton. Sex differences were also observed, with men experiencing more pain when using a lower-body exoskeleton. Frequent physical activity and cardio training were positively correlated with pain experienced with an upper-body exoskeleton. While the impacts were not universal across different exoskeleton types, the current findings offer insights into the potential causes of individual variability in human-exoskeleton interactions.
Enhancing Usability Through Cross-Enterprise Design Standards: The Luxce Model
Authors: Wang Kami L. , Barhorst-Cates Erica M.
Published: October 2023

Managing a large, cross-enterprise portfolio raises challenges of usability at scale. Usable systems incorporate consistency and standards across the various components, with the sum being a seamless user experience even when developed by different teams. While this usability principle is well-known to user experience practitioners, implementing design standards for consistency is a continual challenge in the Department of Defense, with both government and private contractors working separately on different pieces of software. The Lean User Experience Center for Excellence (LUXCE) is a living example of a cross-institution collaboration aimed at identifying and applying standards to next-generation mission planning software. Our successful model of government-industry collaboration results in design standards applied daily to interfaces across a large, multi-faceted enterprise suite. We describe our process of establishing and maintaining LUXCE design standards with an emphasis on practical advice for enterprise-level government system development.
Help is on the way: Effects of pre-response information and planning on communication and performance of simulated firefighting teams
Authors: Mim Armina R. , Son Changwon
Published: October 2023

This research aims to examine the effects of pre-response information and pre-response planning on a simulated firefighting team’s communication and performance outcomes. An effective emergency response (e.g., fire) inevitably depends on the information provided to a firefighting team before the response and planning for goals, roles, and actions. However, the effects of the pre-response information and pre-response planning activity before an emergency response have not been thoroughly investigated. A 2*2 between-subject experiment is designed to investigate how the completeness of information (more complete vs. less complete) and the structuredness of planning (structured vs. unstructured) affect team communication and performance such as mission completion time, perceived workload, self- efficacy and team trust. Work is in progress to recruit participants and collect data. We expect that findings would address the knowledge gaps regarding what pre-response information and planning activities make firefighting teams more effective in response to hazardous conditions.
Evaluating Nontechnical Skills and Leadership Skills During Simulated Critical Care Scenarios
Authors: Ball Matthew , Goodwin Corbin , Cha Jackie S. , Anton Nicholas , Athanasiadis Dimitrios I. , Hernandez Edward , Stefanidis Dimitrios , Yu Denny
Published: October 2023

Nontechnical skills (NTS) of healthcare teams are fundamental to successful and safe surgeries. This study aims to identify the communication measures associated with overall NTS and leadership skills. Ten medical students assuming the roles of attending physicians completed two simulated critical care scenarios containing five disruptive integrated events. Half of the students received standardized NTS leadership training between scenarios, while the other half served as an active control. The group of participants that received the leadership training had a statistically higher difference in NTS score by 0.77 than the control group (p = 0.05). When investigating which communication metrics best predicted NTS scores, strong negative correlations corresponding to Call-outs from Nurses to Physicians (ρ = -0.59) during scenarios and Requests from Nurses to physicians (ρ = -0.52) during events were found. Overall, decomposing communication from participants to team members can provide insight into leadership measurement and training for care providers.
Risk-ATTEND (Risk Anticipation Training to Enhance Novice Driving): Pilot Evaluation of a Risk Anticipation Training Program for Teen Drivers
Authors: Pamarthi Jaji , Hungund Apoorva , Wang Meng , Sayer Tina , Hallman Jason , Roberts Shannon , Pradhan Anuj K
Published: October 2023

Teen drivers have the highest crash risk when they start driving independently, and improving risk anticipation skills can help reduce this risk. Training can help teens acquire these skills faster and improve their overall safety record. The objective of this study was to evaluate an updated training program (based on RAPT and ACCEL) by introducing a more diverse set of training scenarios and leveraging deployment platforms that were better suited to modern devices. A pilot evaluation study was conducted with six teen drivers with less than six months of licensure to assess the updated training program (Risk-ATTEND). Risk-ATTEND was found to improve hazard anticipation-related gaze behaviors in teen drivers while also reducing workload. The research will aid in improving the training program’s usability, and web-based training will make the training program more accessible on modern devices.
Where and how do people search for medical emergency equipment in public buildings?
Authors: Norrblom Petter , Prytz Erik , Jonson Carl-Oscar
Published: October 2023

Exsanguinating trauma is a common cause of death. Placing bleeding control kits in public areas has been suggested as a countermeasure. Similarly, automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) are placed in public areas in case of cardiac arrests. Both severe bleeding and cardiac arrests require rapid care and people must be able to quickly find relevant emergency equipment. This study explores where and how people search for such equipment. Twenty participants wearing eye-tracking glasses searched for bleeding control kits and AEDs in a public building. The participants visually searched features such as signs with maps, written information, and other emergency equipment. The participants expressed elevators and staircases, open areas, entrances, and the reception to be places where medical emergency equipment would likely be placed. The results suggest that these features and places may be suitable for medical emergency equipment or directions.
Exploring cognitive stress-related tasks of Intensive Care Unit nurses –A comparison study
Authors: Zhang Qian , Sasangohar Farzan , Saravanan Pratima , Ahmadi Nima , Nisar Tariq , Danesh Valerie , Masud Faisal
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study is to explore nurse activities leading to high cognitive stress for intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. The quantification of stress-related nurse activities has been acquired before and after the working shift, with a general gap in analyzing the whole shift. To address this gap, the task analysis of stress-related nurse activities during whole shift was conducted for two participants. The administration tasks (processing clinical data, exchanging professional information and ordering examination), and communicating with patients were most performed when under high cognitive stress. Future work should investigate the contribution of administration and patient-related tasks to high cognitive stress for ICU nurses.
The Spectrum of Human Factors and Ergonomics Careers
Authors: Khasawneh Amro , Agnisarman Sruthy , Alsaid Areen , McGarry Shannon , Ponathil Amal , Rogers Hunter
Published: October 2023

Most of us, if not all, during graduate school thought extensively whether we want to pursue an academic or industry career path. This decision has always been perceived as a binary choice between going to academia, where you will be mainly doing research, or taking an industry job where you will be stuck doing applied work all the time. What makes this decision even more difficult, is the thought that if you decide on going one way or another, there is almost no way back. This invokes a substantial amount of anxiety in graduate students, adding to the already challenging demands of graduate school. This discussion panel is aimed at assisting those currently embedded in this decision by hearing from some of the early career professionals in the field (less than 4 years of experience). This panel will primarily focus on 1) highlighting the various career options available, both in academia and industry, and 2) providing students with a better understanding of what to expect from each path, how to tailor their graduate career, and how to determine the best fit for them.
Optimizing Future Advanced BCIs: Using WDA to Identify Potential Pain Points in BCI Systems
Authors: King Brandon J. , Read Gemma J. M. , Salmon Paul M.
Published: October 2023

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a rapidly developing technology with the potential for a wide range of applications, yet the technology and its possible risks are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to develop and analyse an abstraction hierarchy model of a hypothetical, advanced invasive BCI system lifecycle to identify potential design lifecycle risks. Ten subject matter experts participated in a workshop to validate a BCI lifecycle abstraction hierarchy, which was subsequently analysed using the Sociotechnical Systems-Design Toolkit (STS-DT) prompts. The analysis identified the system purpose of generating wealth for companies and shareholders conflicted with other system purposes relating to health and wellbeing. Findings also identified poorly supported system functions, such as the regulation of BCI technologies, and potentially unreliable system objects. In conclusion, it is recommended that the identified issues be addressed through a sociotechnical systems approach focusing on joint optimisation across the system.
Qualifying the Quantified: Structural Topic Modeling Analysis of Engagement in Digital Health Platform for Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Loganathar Shanmugapriya , Werner Nicole E. , Elliott Christian , Zuraw Matthew , Lee John D.
Published: October 2023

Qualitative analysis methods, while crucial for understanding complex factors influencing human behaviors like engagement with digital health technologies, can be conceptually challenging, time-consuming, and resource intensive. To address these challenges, semi-automated text analysis techniques like structural topic modeling (STM) may enhance the efficiency of qualitative analysis. This study investigates how STM can facilitate qualitative data analysis to gain insights into engagement with CareVirtue, a web-based health platform for dementia caregivers. We employed STM on interview data, using the number of CareVirtue journal posts as a covariate to represent caregiver engagement. Our STM model revealed six topics with varying levels of association with engagement. The topics of “recalling positive experiences” and “help from a care network” were associated with high engagement. These topics complement qualitative analysis by providing a deeper understanding of specific topics and demonstrate the potential of quantitative methods, such as STM, to support and augment qualitative analysis.
To (Dis)agree with Automation: Effects of Automation Levels on Trust Attitude and Trust Behavior in High-Risk Situations
Authors: Onnasch Linda , Hoesterey Steffen , Fahrner Vera
Published: October 2023

When automation takes over many functions and is highly reliable, humans often insufficiently monitor the correct system functioning. We investigated this phenomenon by introducing automation at the action implementation stage in two conditions: Participants working with monitored automation could veto the automation, whereas participants working with consensual automation had to agree with the automation. Based on neuropsychological research on cognitive dissonance, we expected that participants would devote more resources to checking the monitored automation compared to participants working with consensual automation, because the justification of a potential disagreement (veto) should be based on sufficient information. Additionally, we examined effects of risk on trust attitude and behavior when participants worked in virtual reality at either 0.5- or 70-meters altitude. We found a decrease in dissonance discomfort and an increase in self-reported trust across experimental blocks. At high risk, participants monitored automation significantly more. However, no main effects of automation were found.
Live vs. Video Skill Assessments in Healthcare: Are the formats comparable?
Authors: Pacailler Matthew , Ashdown Amanda , Powers Sarah , Ball Rachel , Perry Kimberly , Scerbo Mark W.
Published: October 2023

The recent pandemic created a major transition of healthcare services and education from live to virtual platforms; however, there is little guidance on potential differences between live and virtual formats for assessing technical skills. We conducted a systematic literature review searching PubMed, OVID, CINAHL, APA PsychInfo, and Web of Science to identify articles published between 1995 and 2022 focused on comparisons between live and video formats for assessing technical skills in healthcare. Initially, 2,040 articles were identified; after screening, 14 articles remained for data extraction. Four articles demonstrated higher agreement among raters for live format, one demonstrated higher agreement for video format, one article had mixed results, and eight reported no differences. We present the overall findings along with some human factors considerations including standardization of technical requirements to bridge the gap between live and video assessments found in the literature.
An Approach for Measuring The Effects of Augmented Reality on Human Performance in Maritime Navigation
Authors: Houweling Koen Pieter , Mallam Steven C. , van de Merwe Koen , Nordby Kjetil
Published: October 2023

A lack of Situation Awareness in maritime navigation has been shown to be a reoccurring contributory cause of vessel collisions at sea. Vessel navigation and operational tasks have progressively moved towards screen-based interactions and monitoring, leading to increased navigator Head-Down Time and decreased navigator performance. Augmented Reality enables new and different opportunities to display operational data, which may reduce Head-Down Time and better support navigator Situation Awareness. However, research and development of Augmented Reality solutions in maritime operations are still in the preliminary stages. This paper presents a multidisciplinary approach towards developing and testing Augmented Reality solutions for maritime applications. We describe a methodology for investigating the effects of Augmented Reality on human performance during maritime navigation scenarios and how this data feeds back in an iterative design and development process using a user-centred approach for maritime digitalization and new technology initiatives.
Representing Uncertainty Information from AI for Human Understanding
Authors: Cassenti Daniel N. , Kaplan Lance M. , Roy Aayushi
Published: October 2023

We discuss a model of Human-AI collaboration that includes AI processing and summarizing information in a decision-making scenario to provide situation understanding to a human, who in turn would use the information to generate alternative action options and choose among those. The model raises questions about the best ways to represent uncertainty to humans for maximally robust decision-making. Two experiments investigated various representations of uncertainty, including probability without evidence information, probability with total evidence, frequency with evidence counts, beta-distribution graphs, and subjective logic triangles. The findings can guide AI developers in how best to represent situational understanding with uncertainty for human-collaborator consumption.
Examining Self-Reported Young Novice and Young Experienced Drivers’ Speeding Behavior: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Molloy Oleksandra , Molesworth Brett , Li Joel
Published: October 2023

Road related fatalities are a global problem. Speed management remains an elusive skill for many young drivers. The main aim of the study is to understand self-reported speeding behavior, as well as the situations in which young novice and young experienced drivers exceed the speed limit. Three hundred and thirty-four young drivers completed the online driving survey. All participants were grouped based on experience (i.e., novice vs. experienced) and type of drivers (i.e., conformer, dettered, manipulator and defier). Overall, the results showed similarities between responses about their speeding behavior for both young novice and young experienced drivers. The results illustrate that the most common situations in which young drivers exceed the posted speed limit are road design, poor signage, rush, human error, and low traffic volume areas. These results are valuable in developing training to ‘calibrate’ young drivers’ actual and perceived behavior and improve their speed compliance.
Human-Robot Collaboration in a Sanding Task
Authors: Konstant Anna , Orr Nitzan , Hagenow Michael , Senft Emmanuel , Gundrum Isabelle , Mutlu Bilge , Zinn Michael , Gleicher Michael , Radwin Robert G.
Published: October 2023

Robots can help reduce physical stress in manual sanding, but implementation has been challenging due to the skill required, task variability, and robot limitations. In shared control (SC) a robot operates semi-autonomously while the human provides real-time corrections. A laboratory study tested the effectiveness of SC for removing paint using an orbital sander. A robot autonomously sanded the surface, and twenty participants sanded manually and in collaboration with a robot using SC. Subjective discomfort for manual sanding was greater than SC in the upper arm by 28.5%, the lower arm by 29%, the hand by 38%, and the shoulder by 42%. Muscle fatigue, measured using EMG, was 22.4% greater for the manual condition. Cognitive workload measured using the NASA TLX was 14.25% more for manual sanding. Digital imaging showed that SC outperformed the fully autonomous robot by 10.75% for uniformity, by 4.96% for quantity, and by 6.06% for average performance.
Trust in Artificial Intelligent Agent while Completing a Procedural Construction Task
Authors: Bhanu Aasish , Sharma Harnish , Pathy Soumya Ranjan , Ponathil Amal , Rahimian Hamed , Madathil Kapil Chalil
Published: October 2023

The use of AI-enabled recommender systems in construction activities has the potential to improve worker performance and reduce errors; however, the accuracy of such systems in providing effective suggestions is dependent on the quality of their training data. A within-subjects experimental study was conducted using a simulated recommender system for installation tasks to investigate the effect of system reliability and construction task complexity on worker trust, workload, and performance. Results indicate that overall trust in the AI agent was higher for the highly reliable condition but remained consistent across various levels of task complexity. The workload was found to be higher for low reliability and complex conditions, and the effect of reliability on performance was influenced by task complexity. These findings offer insights for designing recommender systems to support construction workers in completing procedural tasks.