bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comunicação e cultura de segurança do paciente no ambiente hospitalar: visão da equipe multiprofissional
Authors: Bohrer Cristina Daiana , Marques Luis Guilherme Sbrolini , Vasconcelos Raissa Ottes , Oliveira João Lucas Campos de , Nicola Anair Lazzari , Kawamoto Andressa Morello
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: analisar a cultura de segurança do paciente em relação à comunicação na visão da equipe multiprofissional hospitalar. Método: pesquisa transversal, descritiva, quantitativa. Participaram 71 profissionais de múltiplas funções/formações de um hospital de ensino público do Paraná que responderam ao questionário “Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture”. Fez-se análise estatística descritiva sobre os itens de avaliação das dimensões que melhor retratam cultura de segurança do paciente em relação à comunicação. Resultados: houve boa percepção em relação ao trabalho em equipe e comunicação interna na unidade de trabalho, contudo, com maior expressividade, apontou-se cultura de segurança desfavorável em relação às comunicações e atividades com equipes externas ao setor de trabalho, bem como deficiências na passagem de plantão. Conclusões: há necessidade de incremento na comunicação entre unidades distintas na organização hospitalar, além de medidas que confluam melhorias na passagem de plantão dos setores.
A educação física como possibilidade de análise de documentos médicos do brasil do final do século XIX
Authors: Dos Santos Felipe Lameu
Published: July 2017

Neste artigo defendo a hipótese de que a educação física entendida como uma expressão de época é a forma mais adequada para tratar a documentação médica sobre educação física no Brasil dos anos finais do século XIX. Defendo que essa perspectiva só é possível a partir do trabalho empírico com a documentação histórica e no diálogo constante entre as perguntas formuladas no presente com os vestígios históricos representados pela documentação.
A dança nas aulas de educação física escolar na cidade de Fortaleza-CE
Authors: Mesquita Dandara Matos , Costa Vitor Viana da , Machado André Accioly Nogueira , Escudeiro Sarah de Souza
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho analisou a dança como disciplina na Educação Física escolar em 19 escolas e se os profissionais estão devidamente capacitados para ministrá-la, utilizando-se de um questionário estruturado pelos pesquisadores. Observou-se que das escolas visitadas, 89% possuem a dança incluída na Educação Física. A maioria dos professores (68,4%) ministram as aulas baseados em conhecimentos adquiridos na graduação, e 47% destes procura qualificação com cursos na área. Conclui-se que através da dança podem ser alcançadas mudanças consideráveis no comportamento dos alunos que a praticam, evidenciando a necessidade de refletir sobre a importância da dança escolar.
A “energia social” do esporte – aproximações e experimentações possíveis a partir de um conceito
Authors: Mezzaroba Cristiano
Published: July 2017

O ensaio procura experimentar o conceito de energia social (Greenblatt, 1988) tendo como objeto o esporte e suas manifestações na contemporaneidade. Pressupõe-se que há algo no esporte, seja como prática, seja como assistência midiatizada, que faz circular elementos estéticos e culturais próprios de caracterizações de um modo de ser na atualidade. Sem pretensões conclusivas, procura-se elencar um apanhado de questões que tensionam possibilidades de extrair do esporte algo em torno do conhecimento, configurando-se como desafio ao campo educativo e das humanidades.
Analysis of pedigree and inbreeding variation of Lithuanian indigenous wattle pigs
Authors: Šveistienė Rūta , Razmaitė Violeta
Published: July 2017

The objective of the study was to analyse the pedigree of pigs and to determine the level of their inbreeding, effective population size and interval between generations in the nucleus herd of restored and conserved Lithuanian indigenous wattle pig breed. The data of pedigree records on 329 Lithuanian indigenous wattle pigs were used for the analysis. The analysis was performed using the statistical programme PopReport.
In the twelfth year of the restored population breeding, the completeness of pedigree in two first generations was 100%, in the third generation it was 99.1%, in the fourth generation 96.6%, in the fifth generation 93.6% and in the sixth generation it was 86.9%. The average interval between the generations was 3 years. From 2003 to 2013, the inbreeding coefficient of the introduced new generation increased by 10%. Due to the inbreeding increase in the last years the effective population size Ne of the nucleus decreased up to 12 and shows the general status of the whole population. The status of the breed remains critical-maintained.
Groundwater recharge through wells in open loop geothermal system: problems and solutions - part 2
Authors: Beretta Giovanni Pietro
Published: July 2017

Not available.
PRODUÇÃO E COMPOSIÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS DE SERVIÇO DE SAÚDE EM HOSPITAIS DO VALE DO ITAJAÍ
Authors: Spindola Sherelee Ribeiro , Moura João Marcos Bosi Mendonça de
Published: July 2017

Conhecer a quantidade e a composição dos resíduos de serviço de saúde (RSS) é fundamental para a implementação de planos e sistemas de gestão nos estabelecimentos geradores. Por isso, objetivou-se analisar a produção e composição dos RSS de hospitais da região do vale do Itajaí, estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Treze hospitais foram analisados e a quantidade de RSS foi correlacionada com o número de leitos ocupados. A taxa média de produção de RSS foi de 6,5 kg.leito ocupado-1.dia-1, com 5,4 kg.leito ocupado-1.dia-1 de resíduos do grupo D - comum não recicláveis -, 0,4 kg.leito ocupado-1.dia-1 de resíduos recicláveis e 0,7 kg.leito ocupado-1.dia-1 de resíduos perigosos (grupo A, B e E). A correlação entre a produção de RSS e o número de camas ocupadas foi alta, com um coeficiente de correlação de 0,99 tanto para resíduos comuns quanto recicláveis, bem como para resíduos perigosos.  A composição dos RSS é constituída por 49% de resíduos orgânicos, 23% de recicláveis e 28% de perigosos. Os resultados obtidos podem subsidiar os gestores no monitoramento e implantação de melhorias das políticas ambientais dos hospitais, além de poderem contribuir na redução dos custos operacionais relacionados aos resíduos.
PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE EUCALIPTO EM DIFERENTES COMPOSIÇÕES DE SUBSTRATOS
Authors: Vieira Cristiane Ramos , Weber Oscarlina Lúcia dos Santos
Published: July 2017

A produção de mudas de qualidade requer a utilização de técnicas e insumos que sejam compatíveis com os requerimentos da espécie produzida. Diante disso, realizou-se experimento em viveiro com o objetivo de verificar a combinação de solo, substrato comercial (Plantmax®) e cama de frango decomposta, mais propícia para a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis. As mudas foram produzidas em tubetes com capacidade de 160 cm³ com sementes colocadas para germinar em areia e vermiculita. Ao atingirem 15 cm, as plantas foram transplantadas para os tratamentos: 100% solo; 100% Plantmax®; 50% solo + 50% Plantmax®; 50% solo + 50% cama de frango decomposta; 50% Plantmax® + 50% cama de frango decomposta; 80% cama de frango decomposta + 10% solo + 10% Plantmax® e 20% cama de frango decomposta + 40% solo + 40% Plantmax®, originando sete tratamentos, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 10 repetições. A avaliação do crescimento se deu com a medição de altura da parte aérea, diâmetro de colo, biomassa das folhas, biomassa do caule e biomassa das raízes e, concentrações de nutrientes. A combinação de substratos que proporcionou o maior crescimento das mudas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis foi 50% Plantmax® + 50% cama de frango decomposta.
PESQUISA DE COLIFORMES E ANÁLISES FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS DA ÁGUA DO CÓRREGO ÁGUA LIMPA EM MEDEIROS NETO-BA
Authors: Romeiro Sinara Silva , Fortuna Jorge Luiz
Published: July 2017

Água é imprescindível para a vida, assim como para manutenção de muitas atividades econômicas, principalmente agricultura e pecuária. O córrego Água Limpa em Medeiros Neto-BA é importantíssimo para sítios e fazendas que dependem de sua água para irrigação, recreação, alimentação dos animais, entre outras demandas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a presença de coliformes totais e termotolerantes da água do córrego Água Limpa, em diferentes pontos, através da técnica de Número Mais Provável, visando pesquisar a presença de Escherichia coli e bactérias pertencentes à Família Enterobacteriaceae; verificar se a água do córrego Água Limpa encontra-se de acordo com padrões estabelecidos para consumo humano e classificar o córrego Água Limpa de acordo com a qualidade requerida para os seus usos preponderantes. Foram analisadas 100 amostras em dez pontos do córrego, destas 57 estavam dentro dos padrões de potabilidade. Ao analisar a balneabilidade do córrego, verificou-se que das 100 amostras 58 estavam excelentes, 26 muito boas, seis satisfatórias e dez impróprias. 100 amostras foram classificadas como classe 4, 98 amostras foram classificadas como classe 2 e classe 3 e por fim, 58 amostras foram classificadas como Classe Especial e Classe 1. Ao final do estudo, pode-se notar que em alguns pontos o córrego vem sofrendo diversos impactos, em decorrência do mau uso e preservação de suas águas. Desta forma, realizou-se uma intervenção junto às comunidades, distribuindo-se panfletos em postos de saúde, escolas e sítios. Conclui-se que é fundamental que haja maior interesse por parte não só dos governantes, mas das pessoas que usam a água do córrego no que diz respeito a sua preservação.
Structural basis for intramolecular interaction of post‐translationally modified H‐Ras•GTP prepared by protein ligation
Authors: Ke Haoliang , Matsumoto Shigeyuki , Murashima Yosuke , Taniguchi‐Tamura Haruka , Miyamoto Ryo , Yoshikawa Yoko , Tsuda Chiemi , Kumasaka Takashi , Mizohata Eiichi , Edamatsu Hironori , Kataoka Tohru
Published: July 2017

Ras undergoes post‐translational modifications including farnesylation, proteolysis, and carboxymethylation at the C terminus, which are necessary for membrane recruitment and effector recognition. Full activation of c‐Raf‐1 requires cooperative interaction of the farnesylated C terminus and the activator region of Ras with its cysteine‐rich domain (CRD). However, the molecular basis for this interaction remains unclear because of difficulties in preparing modified Ras in amounts sufficient for structural studies. Here, we use Sortase A‐catalyzed protein ligation to prepare modified Ras in sufficient amounts for NMR and X‐ray crystallographic analyses. The results show that the farnesylated C terminus establishes an intramolecular interaction with the catalytic domain and brings the farnesyl moiety to the proximity of the activator region, which may be responsible for their cooperative recognition of c‐Raf‐1‐CRD.
Constraints to do realistic modeling of the electric field ahead of the tip of a lightning leader
Authors: Skeltved Alexander Broberg , Østgaard Nikolai , Mezentsev Andrew , Lehtinen Nikolai , Carlson Brant
Published: July 2017

Several computer models exist to explain the observation of terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs). Some of these models estimate the electric field ahead of lightning leaders and its effects on electron acceleration and multiplication. In this paper, we derive a new set of constraints to do more realistic modeling. We determine initial conditions based on in situ measurements of electric field and vertical separation between the main charge layers of thunderclouds. A maximum electric field strength of 50 kV/cm at sea level is introduced as the upper constraint for the leader electric field. The threshold for electron avalanches to develop of 2.86 kV/cm at sea level is introduced as the lower value. With these constraints, we determine a region where acceleration and multiplication of electrons occur. The maximum potential difference in this region is found to be ∼52 MV, and the corresponding number of avalanche multiplication lengths is ∼3.5. We then quantify the effect of the ambient electric field compared to the leader field at the upper altitude of the negative tip. Finally, we argue that only leaders with the highest potential difference between its tips (∼600 MV) can be candidates for the production of TGFs. However, with the assumptions we have used, these cannot explain the observed maximum energies of at least 40 MeV. Open questions with regard to the temporal development of the streamer zone and its effect on the shape of the electric field remain.
Determination of the major moisture sources of cumulative effect of torrential rain events during the preflood season over South China using a Lagrangian particle model
Authors: Chu Qu‐cheng , Wang Qi‐guang , Feng Guo‐lin
Published: July 2017

In this paper, reanalysis data collected by ERA‐Interim 4 times daily from 1979 to 2014 are used to analyze the main atmospheric moisture sources of cumulative effect of torrential rain (CETR) events during the preflood season (1 April to 30 June) over South China. Using a Lagrangian particle dispersion model—the Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model—the major atmospheric moisture sources of 66 CETR events for the period of 1979–2014 are identified and compared. In this study, five atmospheric moisture sources—the land area, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, South China Sea, and South China—are defined, and the effects of these moisture sources on preflood season CETR events over South China are quantitatively estimated. The results indicate that during the preflood season, Indian Ocean water vapor transport accounts for 30% of the atmospheric moisture generated in CETR events, thus dominating precipitation over South China. The water vapor transport from the land area (14%), western Pacific Ocean (10%), South China Sea (25%), and South China (20%) also play important roles in preflood season CETR events. Furthermore, a significant transition in water vapor transport occurred in the 1990s, during which water vapor transport from the Indian Ocean increased significantly, while water vapor transport from the western Pacific Ocean significantly declined. In addition, a significant positive anomaly in Pacific Ocean and South China Sea water vapor transport spurred CETR events in the east, while a significant positive anomaly in Indian Ocean water vapor transport facilitated CETR events in the west.
Modeling the stable water isotope expression of El Niño in the Pliocene: Implications for the interpretation of proxy data
Authors: Tindall Julia C. , Haywood Alan M. , Thirumalai Kaustubh
Published: July 2017

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives interannual climate variability; hence, its behavior over a range of climates needs to be understood. It is therefore important to verify that the paleoarchives, used for preinstrumental ENSO studies, can accurately record ENSO signals. Here we use the isotope enabled Hadley Centre General Circulation Model, HadCM3, to investigate ENSO signals in paleoarchives from a warm paleoclimate, the mid‐Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP: 3.3–3.0 Ma). Continuous (e.g., coral) and discrete (e.g., foraminifera) proxy data are simulated throughout the tropical Pacific, and ENSO events suggested by the pseudoproxy data are assessed using modeled ENSO indices. HadCM3 suggests that the ability to reconstruct ENSO from coral data is predominantly dependent on location. However, since modeled ENSO is slightly stronger in the mPWP than the preindustrial, ENSO is slightly easier to detect in mPWP aged coral. HadCM3 also suggests that using statistics from a number of individual foraminifera (individual foraminifera analysis, IFA) generally provides more accurate ENSO information for the mPWP than for the preindustrial, particularly in the western and central Pacific. However, a test case from the eastern Pacific showed that for some locations, the IFA method can work well for the preindustrial but be unreliable for a different climate. The work highlights that sites used for paleo‐ENSO analysis should be chosen with extreme care in order to avoid unreliable results. Although a site with good skill for preindustrial ENSO will usually have good skill for assessing mPWP ENSO, this is not always the case.
Evidence of a modern deep water magmatic hydrothermal system in the Canary Basin (eastern central Atlantic Ocean)
Authors: Medialdea T. , Somoza L. , González F. J. , Vázquez J. T. , de Ignacio C. , Sumino H. , Sánchez‐Guillamón O. , Orihashi Y. , León R. , Palomino D.
Published: July 2017

New seismic profiles, bathymetric data, and sediment‐rock sampling document for the first time the discovery of hydrothermal vent complexes and volcanic cones at 4800–5200 m depth related to recent volcanic and intrusive activity in an unexplored area of the Canary Basin (Eastern Atlantic Ocean, 500 km west of the Canary Islands). A complex of sill intrusions is imaged on seismic profiles showing saucer‐shaped, parallel, or inclined geometries. Three main types of structures are related to these intrusions. Type I consists of cone‐shaped depressions developed above inclined sills interpreted as hydrothermal vents. Type II is the most abundant and is represented by isolated or clustered hydrothermal domes bounded by faults rooted at the tips of saucer‐shaped sills. Domes are interpreted as seabed expressions of reservoirs of CH4 and CO2‐rich fluids formed by degassing and contact metamorphism of organic‐rich sediments around sill intrusions. Type III are hydrothermal‐volcanic complexes originated above stratified or branched inclined sills connected by a chimney to the seabed volcanic edifice. Parallel sills sourced from the magmatic chimney formed also domes surrounding the volcanic cones. Core and dredges revealed that these volcanoes, which must be among the deepest in the world, are constituted by OIB‐type, basanites with an outer ring of blue‐green hydrothermal Al‐rich smectite muds. Magmatic activity is dated, based on lava samples, at 0.78 ± 0.05 and 1.61 ± 0.09 Ma (K/Ar methods) and on tephra layers within cores at 25–237 ky. The Subvent hydrothermal‐volcanic complex constitutes the first modern system reported in deep water oceanic basins related to intraplate hotspot activity.
Explaining extreme ground motion in Osaka basin during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake
Authors: Tsai Victor C. , Bowden Daniel C. , Kanamori Hiroo
Published: July 2017

Despite being 770 km away from the epicenter, observed ground motions due to the Tohoku earthquake in the Osaka Basin were unexpectedly large, with an amplification of more than a factor of 20 compared to immediately outside the basin, and including 2.7 m peak‐to‐peak roof displacements at one high‐rise building. The local ground motions exceeded expectations based on standard computations of site response by a factor of 3, predicted frequencies of peak acceleration were off by at least 50%, and such discrepancies have not yet been explained quantitatively. Here we show that utilizing semianalytic theory for surface‐wave amplification, we are able to accurately predict both the amplitudes and frequencies of large ground amplification in the Osaka Basin using only knowledge of the local one‐dimensional structure. Comparison between this simple prediction and observed amplification was not expected to be so favorable and suggests that simple one‐dimensional surface‐wave site amplification factors can be useful in the absence of full three‐dimensional wave propagation simulations. Such surface‐wave amplification factors can be included in addition to the standard measures of site‐specific site amplification and should help explain strong ground motion variability in future large earthquakes that shake Osaka Basin and elsewhere in the world.
THEMIS multispacecraft observations of a reconnecting magnetosheath current sheet with symmetric boundary conditions and a large guide field
Authors: Øieroset M. , Phan T. D. , Shay M. A. , Haggerty C. C. , Fujimoto M. , Angelopoulos V. , Eastwood J. P. , Mozer F. S.
Published: July 2017

We report three spacecraft observations of a reconnecting magnetosheath current sheet with a guide field of unity, with THEMIS D (THD) and THEMIS E (THE)/THEMIS A (THA) observing oppositely directed reconnection exhausts, indicating the presence of an X line between the spacecraft. The near‐constant convective speed of the magnetosheath current sheet allowed the direct translation of the observed time series into spatial profiles. THD observed asymmetries in the plasma density and temperature profiles across the exhaust, characteristics of symmetric reconnection with a guide field. The exhausts at THE and THA, on the other hand, were not the expected mirror image of the THD exhaust in terms of the plasma and field profiles. They consisted of a main outflow at the center of the current sheet, flanked by oppositely directed flows at the two edges of the current sheet, suggesting the presence of a second X line, whose outflow wraps around the outflow from the first X line.
On the violation of gradient wind balance at the top of tropical cyclones
Authors: Cohen Yair , Harnik Nili , Heifetz Eyal , Nolan David S. , Tao Dandan , Zhang Fuqing
Published: July 2017

The existence of physical solutions for the gradient wind balance is examined at the top of 12 simulated tropical cyclones. The pressure field at the top of these storms, which depends on the vertically integrated effect of the warm core and the near surface low, is found to violate the gradient wind balance—termed here as a state of nonbalance. Using a toy model, it is shown that slight changes in the relative location and relative widths of the warm core drastically increase the isobaric curvature at the upper level pressure maps leading to nonbalance. While idealized storms return to balance within several days, simulations of real‐world tropical cyclones retain a considerable degree of nonbalance throughout the model integration. Comparing mean and maximum values of different storms shows that peak nonbalance correlates with either peak intensity or intensification, implying the possible importance of nonbalance at upper levels for the near surface winds.
WN4 variability in DMSP ion densities across season, solar cycle, and local time
Authors: Hawkins J. M. , Anderson P. C.
Published: July 2017

Nonmigrating tides are a major coupling mechanism between the different regions of the atmosphere and ionosphere. The wave number 4 (WN4) pattern in the ionosphere has been recognized as originating primarily with the diurnal eastward propagating wave‐3 nonmigrating tide (DE3) in the troposphere, and significant effort has been devoted in recent years to understanding how tidal effects manifest in various physical parameters across a very wide range of altitudes. While DE3 and WN4 signatures have been much studied in the mesosphere‐lower thermosphere region, relatively little is known about how WN4 impacts the ionosphere above the F peak. We present an analysis of WN4 in the topside ionosphere as measured by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft, using monthly averages of total ion densities and composition binned by latitude and longitude. We found that WN4 is most strongly present during September equinox. In May–August, ion densities near 180–270 geographic longitude (GLON) are enhanced and the WN4 pattern moves 5–10° north; in November–February, ion densities are reduced in this region and WN4 moves 5–10° south. No solar cycle effects were found in the magnitude of dN/N. The longitude position of the peaks (phase) was observed to vary by about 10° with F10.7, moving eastward with increasing F10.7. The latitude variation was less than 5° and did not show a trend with F10.7. The WN4 pattern changes rapidly near dawn but is very constant throughout the afternoon and evening in terms of dN/N and drifts eastward at about 2° GLON per hour magnetic local time.
Systems science of the magnetosphere: Creating indices of substorm activity, of the substorm‐injected electron population, and of the electron radiation belt
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E. , Yakymenko Kateryna
Published: July 2017

To more fully monitor the elements of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system and its activity, indices are created to quantify the rate of substorm onset occurrence, the rate of substorm activations, the intensity of the 130 keV substorm‐injected electrons and the intensity of the 1.2 MeV radiation‐belt electrons. The reactions of these various indices to the onset of isolated substorms are examined, and the behaviors of the indices are explored before and during high‐speed‐stream‐driven storms and during solar wind rarefactions after high‐speed streams. Autocorrelation functions of the indices are analyzed and compared with autocorrelation functions of solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices. Lagged‐time correlations between the indices and solar wind variables and geomagnetic indices are surveyed. These 1 h resolution indices are available to the research community.
Coupling between Mercury and its nightside magnetosphere: Cross‐tail current sheet asymmetry and substorm current wedge formation
Authors: Poh Gangkai , Slavin James A. , Jia Xianzhe , Raines Jim M. , Imber Suzanne M. , Sun Wei‐Jie , Gershman Daniel J. , DiBraccio Gina A. , Genestreti Kevin J. , Smith Andy W.
Published: July 2017

We analyzed MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) magnetic field and plasma measurements taken during 319 crossings of Mercury's cross‐tail current sheet. We found that the measured BZ in the current sheet is higher on the dawnside than the duskside by a factor of ≈3 and the asymmetry decreases with downtail distance. This result is consistent with expectations based upon MHD stress balance. The magnetic fields threading the more stretched current sheet in the duskside have a higher plasma beta than those on the dawnside, where they are less stretched. This asymmetric behavior is confirmed by mean current sheet thickness being greatest on the dawnside. We propose that heavy planetary ion (e.g., Na+) enhancements in the duskside current sheet provides the most likely explanation for the dawn‐dusk current sheet asymmetries. We also report the direct measurement of Mercury's substorm current wedge (SCW) formation and estimate the total current due to pileup of magnetic flux to be ≈11 kA. The conductance at the foot of the field lines required to close the SCW current is found to be ≈1.2 S, which is similar to earlier results derived from modeling of Mercury's Region 1 field‐aligned currents. Hence, Mercury's regolith is sufficiently conductive for the current to flow radially then across the surface of Mercury's highly conductive iron core. Mercury appears to be closely coupled to its nightside magnetosphere by mass loading of upward flowing heavy planetary ions and electrodynamically by field‐aligned currents that transfer momentum and energy to the nightside auroral oval crust and interior. Heavy planetary ion enhancements in Mercury's duskside current sheet provide explanation for cross‐tail asymmetries found in this study. The total current due to the pileup of magnetic flux and conductance required to close the SCW current is found to be ≈11 kA and 1.2 S. Mercury is coupled to magnetotail by mass loading of heavy ions and field‐aligned currents driven by reconnection‐related fast plasma flow.
Runup of granular landslide‐generated tsunamis on planar coasts and conical islands
Authors: McFall Brian C. , Fritz Hermann M.
Published: July 2017

Large‐scale physical model experiments of tsunamis generated by granular landslides and volcanic flank collapses are conducted to study the wave runup on both the hill slope laterally adjacent to the landslide and an opposing hill slope. A pneumatic landslide tsunami generator was deployed on planar and convex conical hill slopes to simulate deformable landslides with various geometries and kinematics. On the landslide hill slope, maximum runup and rundown were observed in the landslide impact region followed by adjacent second maxima after the lateral waves were fully formed. The runup and rundown decayed asymptotically from the second maxima. In the conical island scenario, a localized runup amplification was measured on the lee side of the island. Outside the landslide impact region, the effects of the landslide granulometry on the lateral wave runup are minimal. The lateral wave runup on the planar hill slope was generally larger than on the convex conical hill slope outside the landslide impact region. The convex conical hill slope traps less lateral wave energy. The zeroth mode of the edge wave dispersion relation matched the first and second lateral waves on the planar hill slope and the first wave on the convex conical hill slope. Predictive equations for the laterally propagating wave characteristics are derived and a method to predict the runup on an opposing hill slope is presented. The predictive wave and runup equations are benchmarked against the 2007 landslide‐generated tsunami in Chehalis Lake, British Columbia, Canada.
The responses of the Hadley circulation to different meridional SST structures in the seasonal cycle
Authors: Feng Juan , Li Jianping , Jin Feifei , Zhao Sen , Xie Fei
Published: July 2017

The meridional structure of sea surface temperature (SST) plays an important role in determining the variations of the Hadley circulation (HC). The quantitative differences in the HC caused by the changing meridional structures of SST over seasonal cycles remain unclear. To determine the quantitative response of the HC to the meridional structure of SST during the seasonal cycle, this study decomposes the variations of the SST and HC into two components: equatorially asymmetric components (i.e., SEA for SST and HEA for HC) and equatorially symmetric components (i.e., SES for SST and HES for HC). Variations in HEA (HES) are closely associated with those in SEA (SES). In this study, five atmospheric reanalyses and two SST reanalyses are analyzed, focusing on the period of 1979–2013. The response amplitude of HEA to SEA is about four times than that of HES to SES in most of the reanalyses. This result provides a possible explanation for the dominance of the equatorially asymmetric mode over the variability of the HC during the seasonal march.
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation effect on tropical outgoing longwave radiation: A daytime versus nighttime perspective
Authors: Su Wenying , Loeb Norman G. , Liang Lusheng , Liu Nana , Liu Chuntao
Published: July 2017

Trends of tropical (30°N–30°S) mean daytime and nighttime outgoing longwave radiations (OLRs) from the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) are analyzed using data from 2003 to 2013. Both the daytime and nighttime OLRs from these instruments show decreasing trends because of El Niño conditions early in the period and La Niña conditions at the end. However, the daytime and nighttime OLRs decrease at different rates with the OLR decreasing faster during daytime than nighttime. The daytime‐nighttime OLR trend is consistent across CERES Terra, Aqua observations, and computed OLR based upon AIRS and Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrievals. To understand the cause of the differing decreasing rates of daytime and nighttime OLRs, high cloud fraction and effective temperature are examined using cloud retrievals from MODIS and AIRS. Unlike the very consistent OLR trends between CERES and AIRS, the trends in cloud properties are not as consistent, which are likely due to the different cloud retrieval methods used. When MODIS and AIRS cloud properties are used to compute OLR, the daytime and nighttime OLR trends based upon MODIS cloud properties are approximately half as large as the trends from AIRS cloud properties, but their daytime‐nighttime OLR trends are in agreement. This demonstrates that though the current cloud retrieval algorithms lack the accuracy to pinpoint the changes of daytime and nighttime clouds in the tropics, they do provide a radiatively consistent view for daytime and nighttime OLR changes. The causes for the larger decreasing daytime OLR trend than that for nighttime OLR are not clear and further studies are needed.
A methodology for reduced order modeling and calibration of the upper atmosphere
Authors: Mehta Piyush M. , Linares Richard
Published: July 2017

Atmospheric drag is the largest source of uncertainty in accurately predicting the orbit of satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO). Accurately predicting drag for objects that traverse LEO is critical to space situational awareness. Atmospheric models used for orbital drag calculations can be characterized either as empirical or physics‐based (first principles based). Empirical models are fast to evaluate but offer limited real‐time predictive/forecasting ability, while physics based models offer greater predictive/forecasting ability but require dedicated parallel computational resources. Also, calibration with accurate data is required for either type of models. This paper presents a new methodology based on proper orthogonal decomposition toward development of a quasi‐physical, predictive, reduced order model that combines the speed of empirical and the predictive/forecasting capabilities of physics‐based models. The methodology is developed to reduce the high dimensionality of physics‐based models while maintaining its capabilities. We develop the methodology using the Naval Research Lab's Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter model and show that the diurnal and seasonal variations can be captured using a small number of modes and parameters. We also present calibration of the reduced order model using the CHAMP and GRACE accelerometer‐derived densities. Results show that the method performs well for modeling and calibration of the upper atmosphere.
Effects of collimator angle, couch angle, and starting phase on motion‐tracking dynamic conformal arc therapy (4D DCAT)
Authors: Xu Zhengzheng , Yao Rutao , Podgorsak Matthew B. , Wang Iris Z.
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The aim of this study was to find an optimized configuration of collimator angle, couch angle, and starting tracking phase to improve the delivery performance in terms of MLC position errors, maximal MLC leaf speed, and total beam‐on time of DCAT plans with motion tracking (4D DCAT).

Method and materials

Nontracking conformal arc plans were first created based on a single phase (maximal exhalation phase) of a respiratory motion phantom with a spherical target. An ideal model was used to simulate the target motion in superior‐inferior (SI), anterior‐posterior (AP), and left‐right (LR) dimensions. The motion was decomposed to the MLC leaf position coordinates for motion compensation and generating 4D DCAT plans. The plans were studied with collimator angle ranged from 0° to 90°; couch angle ranged from 350°(−10°) to 10°; and starting tracking phases at maximal inhalation () and exhalation () phases. Plan performance score (PPS) evaluates the plan complexity including the variability in MLC leaf positions, degree of irregularity in field shape and area. PPS ranges from 0 to 1, where low PPS indicates a plan with high complexity. The 4D DCAT plans with the maximal and the minimal PPS were selected and delivered on a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator. Gafchromic‐EBT3 dosimetry films were used to measure the dose delivered to the target in the phantom. Gamma analysis for film measurements with 90% passing rate threshold using 3%/3 mm criteria and trajectory log files were analyzed for plan delivery accuracy evaluation.

Results

The maximal PPS of all the plans was 0.554, achieved with collimator angle at 87°, couch angle at 350°, and starting phase at maximal inhalation (). The maximal MLC leaf speed, MLC leaf errors, total leaf travel distance, and beam‐on time were 20 mm/s, 0.39 ± 0.16 mm, 1385 cm, and 157 s, respectively. The starting phase, whether at maximal inhalation or exhalation had a relatively small contribution to PPS (0.01 ± 0.05).

Conclusions

By selecting collimator angle, couch angle, and starting tracking phase, 4D DCAT plans with the maximal PPS demonstrated less MLC leaf position errors, lower maximal MLC leaf speed, and shorter beam‐on time which improved the performance of 4D motion‐tracking DCAT delivery.
Physical Functioning, Pain, and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Adults With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Longitudinal 30‐Year Followup Study
Authors: Tollisen Anita , Selvaag Anne M. , Aulie Hanne A. , Lilleby Vibke , Aasland Astrid , Lerdal Anners , Flatø Berit
Published: July 2017

Objective

To describe physical functioning, pain, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), investigate changes over time, and identify predictors of poorer HRQoL after 30 years of disease.

Methods

Patients (n = 176) clinically examined after 15 years were reassessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index (HAQ DI), the visual analog scale pain subscale (VAS pain), and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF‐36) after 23 years and 30 years. Patients with signs of active disease after a minimum of 15 years were clinically examined again at 30 years. Patients were compared to matched controls.

Results

At the 30‐year followup, 82 patients (47%) had HAQ DI scores >0, and the median VAS pain score in patients was 0.6 (range 0–10). Patients had lower SF‐36 physical component summary (PCS) scores compared with controls (P < 0.001), and this was evident for patients both with and without clinical remission (P ≤ 0.01). No group differences were found in SF‐36 mental component summary scores. Patients also scored worse than controls on all SF‐36 subscales (P ≤ 0.01) except mental health. PCS scores worsened significantly between the 15‐ and 30‐year followup time points (P = 0.001). Worse HAQ DI, VAS pain, and patient's global assessment of well‐being scores, and receiving disability/social living allowance at 30 years, were correlated with lower PCS scores. Worse HAQ DI, patient's global assessment of well‐being, and VAS fatigue scores at 15‐year followup predicted lower PCS scores at 30‐year followup.

Conclusion

JIA had a detrimental effect on physical HRQoL as measured by the PCS of the SF‐36. The strongest correlates were physical disability, pain, fatigue, well‐being, and receiving disability/social living allowance.
Trends in Hospitalizations for Serious Infections in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in the US Between 1993 and 2013
Authors: Jinno Sadao , Lu Na , Jafarzadeh S. Reza , Dubreuil Maureen
Published: July 2017

Objective

The epidemiology of hospitalizations with infections among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unknown, despite an increase in RA treatments that confer a risk of infection.

Methods

We examined National Inpatient Sample data from 1993–2013. We identified hospitalizations among adults with RA, defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes (714.xx) in any secondary diagnosis field. We evaluated 5 infections as the primary diagnosis: pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract infection (UTI), skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and opportunistic infections (OIs). The primary outcome was the proportion of hospitalizations for each infection among all hospitalizations with a secondary diagnosis of RA.

Results

There were 792,921 hospitalizations for infection with a secondary diagnosis of RA, with the rates increasing from 90 to 206 per 100,000 persons from 1993–2013. The proportion of hospitalizations decreased for pneumonia (from 5.4% to 4.6%), UTI (from 0.4% to 0.38%), and OIs (from 0.44% to 0.26%). The proportion of hospitalizations for SSTIs increased slightly (from 2.3% to 2.5%), while hospitalizations for sepsis more than tripled (from 1.9% to 6.4%).

Conclusion

Between 1993 and 2013, the proportion of hospitalizations for infections among RA patients appeared to decline for pneumonia and OIs, with a slight decrease in UTI, a slight increase in SSTIs, and a substantial increase in hospitalizations with sepsis. Our results are consistent with previous reports that the sensitivity of sepsis coding has increased over time.
Patients’ Attitudes and Experiences of Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis: A Qualitative Synthesis
Authors: Kelly Ayano , Tymms Kathleen , Tunnicliffe David J. , Sumpton Daniel , Perera Chandima , Fallon Kieran , Craig Jonathan C. , Abhayaratna Walter , Tong Allison
Published: July 2017

Objective

Nonadherence to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) results in increased disease activity and symptoms and poorer quality of life. We aimed to describe patients’ attitudes and experiences of DMARDs in RA and SpA to inform strategies to improve medication adherence.

Methods

Databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) were searched to January 2016. Thematic synthesis was used to analyze the findings.

Results

From 56 studies involving 1,383 adult patients (RA [n = 1,149], SpA [n = 191], not specified [n = 43]), we identified 6 themes (with subthemes): intensifying disease identity (severity of sudden pharmacotherapy, signifying deteriorating health, daunting lifelong therapy), distressing uncertainties and consequences (poisoning the body, doubting efficacy, conflicting and confusing advice, prognostic uncertainty with changing treatment regimens), powerful social influences (swayed by others’ experiences, partnering with physicians, maintaining roles, confidence in comprehensive and ongoing care, valuing peer support), privilege and right of access to biologic agents (expensive medications must be better, right to receive a biologic agent, fearing dispossession), maintaining control (complete ownership of decision, taking extreme risks, minimizing lifestyle intrusion), and negotiating treatment expectations (miraculous recovery, mediocre benefit, reaching the end of the line).

Conclusion

Patients perceive DMARDs as strong medications with alarming side effects that intensify their disease identity. Trust and confidence in medical care, positive experiences with DMARDS among other patients, and an expectation that medications will help maintain participation in life can motivate patients to use DMARDs. Creating a supportive environment for patients to voice their concerns may improve treatment satisfaction, adherence, and health outcomes.
Explosives in the Cage: Metal–Organic Frameworks for High‐Energy Materials Sensing and Desensitization
Authors: Wang Shan , Wang Qianyou , Feng Xiao , Wang Bo , Yang Li
Published: July 2017

An overview of the current status of coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) pertaining to the field of energetic materials is provided. The explosive applications of MOFs are discussed from two aspects: one for detection of explosives, and the other for explosive desensitization. By virtue of their adjustable pore/cage sizes, high surface area, tunable functional sites, and rich host–guest chemistry, MOFs have emerged as promising candidates for both explosive sensing and desensitization. The challenges and perspectives in these two areas are thoroughly discussed, and the processing methods for practical applications are also discussed briefly.
Super‐Strong, Super‐Stiff Macrofibers with Aligned, Long Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers
Authors: Wang Sha , Jiang Feng , Xu Xu , Kuang Yudi , Fu Kun , Hitz Emily , Hu Liangbing
Published: July 2017

With their impressive properties such as remarkable unit tensile strength, modulus, and resistance to heat, flame, and chemical agents that normally degrade conventional macrofibers, high‐performance macrofibers are now widely used in various fields including aerospace, biomedical, civil engineering, construction, protective apparel, geotextile, and electronic areas. Those macrofibers with a diameter of tens to hundreds of micrometers are typically derived from polymers, gel spun fibers, modified carbon fibers, carbon‐nanotube fibers, ceramic fibers, and synthetic vitreous fibers. Cellulose nanofibers are promising building blocks for future high‐performance biomaterials and textiles due to their high ultimate strength and stiffness resulting from a highly ordered orientation along the fiber axis. For the first time, an effective fabrication method is successfully applied for high‐performance macrofibers involving a wet‐drawing and wet‐twisting process of ultralong bacterial cellulose nanofibers. The resulting bacterial cellulose macrofibers yield record high tensile strength (826 MPa) and Young's modulus (65.7 GPa) owing to the large length and the alignment of nanofibers along fiber axis. When normalized by weight, the specific tensile strength of the macrofiber is as high as 598 MPa g−1 cm3, which is even substantially stronger than the novel lightweight steel (227 MPa g−1 cm3).
High Quality Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductor Thin Films with Remarkably Enhanced Luminescence and Defect Suppression via Quaternary Alkyl Ammonium Salt Based Treatment
Authors: Naphade Rounak , Zhao Baodan , Richter Johannes M. , Booker Edward , Krishnamurthy Shrreya , Friend Richard H. , Sadhanala Aditya , Ogale Satishchandra
Published: July 2017

Significant enhancement in the luminescence and superior photophysical properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 thin films prepared via simple single step spin coating process involving a novel additive mediated solvent extraction step is reported. This process results in significantly lower disorder in CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskites with Urbach energies reducing from ≈35 to ≈17 meV, which is the lowest reported value to date. The additive mediated process also results in a remarkable improvement in the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) from 1% to 30%. Coupled with the overall increase in surface roughness, a significant increase in the internal PLQY from 7% to 77% is estimated, indicating the superior quality of the treated thin films. The resultant high quality CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskites with remarkable photophysical properties can be used in realizing highly efficient optoelectronic devices. Highly efficient light emitting diodes using these perovskites are demonstrated here.
Simple and Versatile High Aspect Ratio Nanostructuring via Zinc Oxide Masking
Authors: Gwiazda Agnieszka , Rumyantseva Anna , Gokarna Anisha , Nomenyo Komla , Chevalier‐César Clotaire , Lérondel Gilles
Published: July 2017

This article reports a new universal masking technique based on ZnO. This technique combines two main properties of the material. ZnO has an extremely low pulverization rate making the material well adapted for dry etching, and second, it can be easily chemically dissolved in solution making the material well suited for masking. Using ZnO as a mask on silicon, one can achieve selectivity as high as 60. This allows one to etch holes through a 30 μm thick wafer. Sub‐100 nm features are obtained using interferential lithography as a masking technique. There is no intrinsic limitation in this technique excepting the texture of the initial ZnO thin film. To demonstrate the versatility of this technique, it has been successively applied to other materials such as Si3N4, TiO2, and an organic resist (SU‐8) with a selectivity of up to 15:1, 5:1, and 35:1, respectively. The technique reported in this article opens the way to universal masking which is extremely important for the development of multifunctional nanostructured surfaces in any kind of materials with direct applications in antireflection coating, hydrophobicity, and hydrophilicity to only name a few.
Cycloisomerization of Oxindole‐Derived 1,5‐Enynes: A Calcium(II)‐Catalyzed One‐Pot, Solvent‐free Synthesis of Phenanthridinones, 3‐(Cyclopentenylidene)indolin‐2‐ones and 3‐Spirocyclic Indolin‐2‐ones
Authors: Yaragorla Srinivasarao , Pareek Abhishek , Dada Ravikrishna
Published: July 2017

Calcium‐catalyzed regioselective synthesis of oxindole‐derived 1,5‐enynes, followed by cycloisomerization, from readily accessible 3‐hydroxy‐3‐(alkynyl)indolin‐2‐ones and styrenes in one‐pot, under solvent‐free conditions is described. This method offers the synthesis of diverse molecules: phenanthridinones, 3‐(cyclopentenylidene)indolin‐2‐ones, and 3‐spirocyclic indolin‐2‐ones are obtained through cascade reactions including cross‐dehydrative‐coupling, [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement, carbocyclization, isomerization, oxidative‐ring rearrangement, and Diels‐Alder cycloaddition. In addition, this method features atom‐ and step‐economy, broad substrate scope, and high yields.

magnified image