bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nesfatin-1 and irisin levels in response to the soccer matches performed in morning, afternoon and at night in young trained male subjects
Authors: Ozcelik Oguz , Algul Sermin , Yilmaz Bayram
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of acute soccer matches performed in morning, afternoon and at night on both nesfatin-1 and irisin levels in trained subjects. Total of 20 male subjects performed in soccer matches at three different times of day: morning, afternoon, and night. Pre- and post-match venous blood samples were taken, and levels of both nesfatin-1 and irisin were analysed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following all matches, the subjects' irisin levels increased significantly in all subjects (p < 0.0001). Nesfatin-1 levels were also increased after the matches; however, the increase was statistically significant for morning (P=0.01) and night-time (p=0.009). The subjects' nesfatin-1 levels did not increase in all subjects and decrease of nesfatin-1 levels observed in some subjects after matches. This study finds that soccer matches performed different workout times have strong stimulatory effects on irisin levels in all subjects but nesfatin-1 response varied among the subjects and it did not change significantly in afternoon match.
Chlorogenic-induced inhibition of non-small cancer cells occurs through regulation of histone deacetylase 6
Authors: Hongtao Liu , Xiaoqi Guo , Junni Liu , Feng Xue , Guodong Bai , Liang Yingping
Published: August 2018

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), an ester with various pharmacological effects, is important in cancer therapy. However, the specific antitumor mechanism of CGA is not entirely clear, especially with respect to its suppression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study was carried out to assess the effect of CGA on NSCLC, and the mechanism involved. Cell viability assay and colony formation assay revealed that CGA blocked the proliferative capacity of NSCLC cells in vitro. Results from the migration assay suggested that CGA also inhibited the migration of A549 cells. Other assays further revealed that CGA strongly and selectively inhibited histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) activity and suppressed the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) through decreased expression of Ac-NF-ÎºB. Tumorigenicity assay showed that CGA also inhibited the proliferation and metabolism of NSCLC in vivo. These results indicate that CGA significantly suppresses the proliferation of NSCLC by regulating the activity of histone deacetylase 6.
Evaluation of metabolic reactivity in macrophages from mice with chronic sodium arsenite intake and experimental carcinogenesis
Authors: Palmieri Mónica A , Tasat Deborah R , Molinari Beatriz L
Published: August 2018

Arsenic is carcinogenic to human beings, and environmental exposure to arsenic is a public health issue that affects large populations around the world. Thus, studies are needed to determine the mode of action of arsenic and to prevent harmful effects that arise from arsenic intake. In particular, knowledge of the effects of arsenic exposure in individuals who are undergoing a carcinogenesis process is lacking. The present study was performed in mice to evaluate the effect of chronic As3+ administration on peritoneal and alveolar macrophages; the As3+ was administered in drinking water over 9 months and there was a two-stage carcinogenesis process. At the end of the experiment, the number of tumors stabilized to below the control values, but the tumors showed increased malignancy. Our objective was to evaluate the systemic effects of chronic As3+ingestion in a population of macrophages that was derived from the peritoneal cavity and the broncho-alveolar trunk of cancerized mice since they are the first line of defense in the immune system. The results showed that the macrophages under all conditions retained their ability to self-regulate their metabolic reactivity. This feature was more evident in peritoneal macrophages than in alveolar macrophages. Furthermore, an increase in the number of macrophages from animals receiving higher doses of As3+ compared to untreated animals was observed. These findings indicate that certain parameters associated with two-stage skin carcinogenesis are modified by the presence of As3+ in drinking water.
The effect of Diazoxide on norepinephrine-induced cardiac hypertrophy, in vitro
Authors: Guven Celal
Published: August 2018

Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions, which leads to heart failure if sustained. The aim of present study is to test hypothesis whether activation of mitochondrial KATP channel (mitoKATP) by diazoxide improve mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and oxidative stress in an in vitro model of cardiac hypertrophy. Rat cardiomyocytes cell line (H9c2) was used to create four groups as control, diazoxide, hypertrophy, hypertrophy and diazoxide. Norepinephrine was used to induce hypertrophy. Diazoxide and norepinephrine were simultaneously administered. After 24 hours treatment, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured. MMP and F-actin distribution were analyzed. Hypertrophy significantly elevated TOS level. In addition, diazoxide administration significantly increased TOS level in the normal cell line. There were no significant differences in SOD activity, TAS and oxidative stress index (OSI) between groups. Hypertrophy caused a decrease in MMP and destrupted F-actin. Diazoxide improved MMP and F-actin in mitochondria. Hypertrophy impaired the function and structure of mitochondria. The opening of mitoKATP by diazoxide failed to improve oxidative stress; however, it is effective against mitochondrial damage caused by hypertrophy.
Polymorphisms in proinflammatory cytokine genes, effect on gene expression and association with preterm delivery in Saudi females
Authors: As Sayaril Nada , Bhat Ramesa Shafi , Warsy Arjumand S , Babay Zeneb A , Addar Mohammad H , Shaik Jilani , Al-Marry Bashaier , Al-Daihan Sooad
Published: August 2018

Genetic polymorphism in proinflammatory cytokine genes may be associated with the etiology of preterm birth (PTB). The current study was designed with the aim to explore the association of genetic polymorphisms and mRNA expression of IL-1Î±, IL-1Î², and TNF-Î± gene with preterm birth in the Saudi population. Genotyping of genomic DNA of 50 PTB patients and an equal number of controls were carried out using TaqMan Genotyping assay kits. Gene expression of each gene was carried out using quantitative RT-PCR. The cytokine levels in the serum of PTB patients and controls were measured by ELISA. A statistically significant association was observed between the rs361525 alleles (G and A) of TNF-Î± and PTB, where the mutant A allele was significantly protective against PTB development (OR= 0.362; Ï‡2=4.31; p=0.038). The gene expression of all studied genes (IL1Î±, IL-1Î², IL-6, and TNF-Î±) was higher in the PTB patients, but the results reached significance only for IL-1Î² (p=0.035). Elevated gene expression was also evident from the level of these proteins in plasma, where the level of IL1Î±, IL-Î² were significantly higher in the serum of PTB patients compared to the controls, however, IL6 and TNF-Î± were significantly lower despite higher gene expression. For IL6, the lower level could be due to tocolytic treatment that was given to all women suffering from PTB. Receiver operating curves (ROC) were drawn for the studied cytokines. In conclusion, this study revealed that rs361525 polymorphism plays a role as a protective marker for PTB and the levels of IL-1Î±, IL-6, TNF- Î± can be used as predicative biomarkers for PTB I Saudi women.
Design principles for heutagogical learning: Implementing student-determined learning with mobile and social media tools
Authors: Narayan Vickel , Herrington Jan , Cochrane Thom
Published: August 2018

Mobile and social media over the last decade has created significant shifts in society: how we communicate and collaborate, and in learning and teaching. This paper discusses a study that investigated how mobile social media tools and affordances could be harnessed to facilitate a student-determined learning experience (heutagogy). A design-based research (DBR) approach was utilised to analyse and investigate a set of draft design principles that was established in collaboration with a group of teachers and literature. The draft design principles guided the design of a first year course that was iteratively implemented and evaluated over 2 years with two different cohorts of students. As a key outcome of the DBR, a set of refined design principles is presented. These principles are capable of guiding other practitioners in designing and facilitating student-determined learning in authentic contexts using mobile devices, and social media affordances.
An analysis of the Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 2013-2017
Authors: Bond Melissa , Buntins Katja
Published: August 2018

The Australasian Journal of Educational Technology (AJET) changed its editorial policy in 2013, to focus on higher education research and on improving journal submissions. This study analyses all articles (n = 256) in AJET from 2013-2017 to determine if there has been any change in research topics, methodologies, citations, and authorship since this editorial change, and compares findings to the analysis by Hadlock et al. (2014). The present analysis revealed that the percentage of combined methods research has doubled, although the top 10 most cited articles continue to be predominantly interpretative and inferential. Research has become more student-centred and focused particularly on online collaborative learning environments, and teacher skill and knowledge development, although research gaps exist in mobile learning and gamification. The results also highlight a lack of international collaboration amongst authors, and this is an area for future research.
The Future of the Chemical Sciences
Authors: Palermo Alejandra
Published: August 2018

Today’s world is characterised by turbulencewithanincreasing uncertainty in the global economy and in social and political relations.Scientific, social and technological trends are rapidly changing the way we live and work. These not only affect the nature and practice of chemistry, but also the roles that chemists play. With this in mind, the Royal Society of Chemistry launched the Future of the Chemical Sciences initiative to assess how the chemical sciences may evolve over the next ten to twenty years and the possible consequences for the community and society at large.
Chemistry in a Multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary World
Authors: Ober Christopher , Garelick Hemda
Published: August 2018

The World Chemistry Leadership Meeting (WCLM) is an integral part of the IUPAC General Assembly and offers a platform for representatives from National Adhering Organizations (NAOs) to meet and discuss emerging and pressing issues of global concern. Recent WCLMs have had a special focus on Young Observers (YOs) to provide them with the space to interact and discuss emerging issues and future challenges facing the world of chemistry.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Monodisperse Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4Hollow Nanospheres
Authors: Zhang Min , Liu Qiangchun
Published: August 2018

The monodisperse Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4nanospheres have been synthesized via a simple solvothermal method. The effects of reactant concentration on structural and magnetic properties have been studied. X-ray diffraction analysis results indicate that the lattice constant and crystallite size can be tuned by controlling reactant concentration. The nanosphere size monotonically decreases from 238 to 35 nm with increasing reactant concentration. The magnetic studies show that blocking temperature is enhanced, and these single-domain particles are superparamagnetism at room temperature. The hollow nanospheres exhibit a high saturation magnetization value of 52.6 emu/g. The nanospheres with various diameters exhibit different magnetic saturation values which may be caused by the domain structure, surface effects and the distribution of metal ions on A and B sites. These superparamagnetic Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4nanospheres are expected to have potential application in biomedicine and magnetic fluid technology.
Long-Term Stability Comparison between an Original and a Generic Version of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Dextrose 5 % Infusion Polyolefin Bags at 5 ± 3 °C after Microwave Freeze-Thaw Treatment
Authors: Huvelle Sophie , Godet Marie , Galanti Laurence , Closset Mélanie , Bihin Benoît , Jamart Jacques , Hecq Jean-Daniel
Published: August 2018

Background

Piperacillin-Tazobactam is frequently infused in hospitals. The use of a generic version was considered after the out of stock of the brand name Tazocin®. The stability of 4 g of Tazocin® in 120 mL of dextrose 5 % (D5) was demonstrated during 35 days at 5 °C ± 3 °C after freezing (−20 °C) and microwave thawing (FMT). The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the long-term stability of Tazocin® and a generic product in the same conditions.

Methods

Five polyolefin bags of 4 g of Piperacillin/Tazobactam® Sandoz and 5 bags of 4 g of Tazocin® were prepared under aseptic conditions in 120 mL of D5 and stored 3 months at 20 °C then thawed and stored 58 days at 5 ± 3 °C.

Spectrophotometric absorbance at different wavelengths, pH measurement, visual and microscopic observations were also performed.

The concentrations were measured by HPLC, at 211 nm for tazobactam and 230 nm for piperacilline.

Results

No significant change in pH values or optic densities, no crystals were detected. The lower confidence limit at 95 % of the concentration for the solutions remains superior to 90 % of the initial concentration until 58 days of storage at 5 ± 3 °C.

Conclusion

Under these conditions, 4 g/120 mL of Piperacillin/Tazobactam® Sandoz or Tazocin® in D5 infusion in polyolefin bags remains stable at least for 58 days at 5 ± 3 °C after FMT
Reconsidering “cause inside the clause” in scientific discourse – from a discourse semantic perspective in systemic functional linguistics
Authors: Hao Jing
Published: August 2018

The ability to construe and to interpret cause–effect relations is critical to the task of knowledge building in science. It is essential to understanding investigative processes and to interpreting claims. However, in the discourses of science the linguistic construal of cause and effect can be far removed from that of its everyday, commonsense expression. Studies in systemic functional linguistics have found that scientific causality is often realized inside a clause rather than between clauses (Halliday, M. A. K. 1998. Things and relations. In J. R. Martin and R. Veel [eds.], Reading science: Critical and functional perspectives on discourses of science, 185–235. London & New York: Routledge). This paper aims to further understand the challenge of making meanings of scientific causality from a linguistic perspective. I analyze the language of biology in five research articles, which are students’ key reading texts in a core undergraduate biology course at a leading Australian university. I argue that a discourse semantic understanding of “cause inside the clause” is critical for revealing the diverse language resources for constructing scientific causality.
α-Neurexins Together with α2δ-1 Auxiliary Subunits Regulate Ca2+Influx through Cav2.1 Channels
Authors: Brockhaus Johannes , Schreitmüller Miriam , Repetto Daniele , Klatt Oliver , Reissner Carsten , Elmslie Keith , Heine Martin , Missler Markus
Published: August 2018

Action potential-evoked neurotransmitter release is impaired in knock-out neurons lacking synaptic cell-adhesion molecules α-neurexins (αNrxns), the extracellularly longer variants of the three vertebrateNrxngenes. Ca2+influx through presynaptic high-voltage gated calcium channels like the ubiquitous P/Q-type (CaV2.1) triggers release of fusion-ready vesicles at many boutons. α2δ Auxiliary subunits regulate trafficking and kinetic properties of CaV2.1 pore-forming subunits but it has remained unclear if this involves αNrxns. Using live cell imaging with Ca2+indicators, we report here that the total presynaptic Ca2+influx in primary hippocampal neurons of αNrxn triple knock-out mice of both sexes is reduced and involved lower CaV2.1-mediated transients. This defect is accompanied by lower vesicle release, reduced synaptic abundance of CaV2.1 pore-forming subunits, and elevated surface mobility of α2δ-1 on axons. Overexpression of Nrxn1α in αNrxn triple knock-out neurons is sufficient to restore normal presynaptic Ca2+influx and synaptic vesicle release. Moreover, coexpression of Nrxn1α together with α2δ-1 subunits facilitates Ca2+influx further but causes little augmentation together with a different subunit, α2δ-3, suggesting remarkable specificity. Expression of defined recombinant CaV2.1 channels in heterologous cells validates and extends the findings from neurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings show that Nrxn1α in combination with α2δ-1, but not with α2δ-3, facilitates Ca2+currents of recombinant CaV2.1 without altering channel kinetics. These results suggest that presynaptic Nrxn1α acts as a positive regulator of Ca2+influx through CaV2.1 channels containing α2δ-1 subunits. We propose that this regulation represents an important way for neurons to adjust synaptic strength.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSynaptic transmission between neurons depends on the fusion of neurotransmitter-filled vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, which subsequently activates postsynaptic receptors. Influx of calcium ions into the presynaptic terminal is the key step to trigger vesicle release and involves different subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels. We study the regulation of calcium channels by neurexins, a family of synaptic cell-adhesion molecules that are essential for many synapse properties. Using optical measurements of calcium influx in cultured neurons and electrophysiological recordings of calcium currents from recombinant channels, we show that a major neurexin variant facilitates calcium influx through P/Q-type channels by interacting with their α2δ-1 auxiliary subunits. These results propose a novel way how neurons can modulate the strength of distinct synapses.
Motion Extrapolation for Eye Movements Predicts Perceived Motion-Induced Position Shifts
Authors: van Heusden Elle , Rolfs Martin , Cavanagh Patrick , Hogendoorn Hinze
Published: August 2018

Transmission delays in the nervous system pose challenges for the accurate localization of moving objects as the brain must rely on outdated information to determine their position in space. Acting effectively in the present requires that the brain compensates not only for the time lost in the transmission and processing of sensory information, but also for the expected time that will be spent preparing and executing motor programs. Failure to account for these delays will result in the mislocalization and mistargeting of moving objects. In the visuomotor system, where sensory and motor processes are tightly coupled, this predicts that the perceived position of an object should be related to the latency of saccadic eye movements aimed at it. Here we use the flash-grab effect, a mislocalization of briefly flashed stimuli in the direction of a reversing moving background, to induce shifts of perceived visual position in human observers (male and female). We find a linear relationship between saccade latency and perceived position shift, challenging the classic dissociation between “vision for action” and “vision for perception” for tasks of this kind and showing that oculomotor position representations are either shared with or tightly coupled to perceptual position representations. Altogether, we show that the visual system uses both the spatial and temporal characteristics of an upcoming saccade to localize visual objects for both action and perception.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAccurately localizing moving objects is a computational challenge for the brain due to the inevitable delays that result from neural transmission. To solve this, the brain might implement motion extrapolation, predicting where an object ought to be at the present moment. Here, we use the flash-grab effect to induce perceptual position shifts and show that the latency of imminent saccades predicts the perceived position of the objects they target. This counterintuitive finding is important because it not only shows that motion extrapolation mechanisms indeed work to reduce the behavioral impact of neural transmission delays in the human brain, but also that these mechanisms are closely matched in the perceptual and oculomotor systems.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF HARVEST STRATEGIES FOR TROPICAL TUNA IN INDONESIA’S ARCHIPELAGIC WATERS
Authors: Satria Fayakun , Sadiyah Lilis
Published: August 2018

Significant roles of the fishery in the Indonesia’s archipelagic waters/IAW (FMAs 713, 714 and 715), with proportion of around 60% came from the IAW, and a strong residential behavior for skipjack (SKJ) and yellowfin tuna (YFT) encourage Indonesia to develop harvest strategies for the tropical tuna in the IAW. This is a priority action of the National Tuna Management Plan (NTMP) for tropical and neritic tuna. Fisheries operating in the IAW are mainly small scale commercial vessels. A specific harvest strategy framework that appropriate with the fishery characteristics has been developed. This paper describes the process of harvest strategy (HS) development for the tropical tuna in the Indonesia’s archipelagic waters (FMAs 713, 714 and 715). The HS is developed scientific works (including data collection, analysis/modelling and series technical and consultative stakeholder workshops as well as expert consultancies. Four technical workshops and seven stakeholder workshops have been done between 2015 and 2017. An interim HS (consisted of management objective, limit reference point, monitoring, analysis, harvest control rule and management measure) has been determined and agreed. Continues collaboration and commitment from related stakeholders including Government, fishers, fishing association, NGOs by adopting co-mangement and participatory approach in implementing the agreed harvest strategy, through data collection and sustain supports.The time series of catch and effort data, and size data could be used to monitor the fishery, stok status and its performance.In addition, involvement of relevant international tuna experts through expert consultancies are integrated process with the technical and stakeholder workshops. This HS development process is still on-going and can be refined, as HS development is a cycle process.
THE SELF IN THE WORLD: OVERCOMING CLASSICAL DUALISM AND SHAPING NEW LANDMARKS
Authors: Lushch U. I.
Published: August 2018

Purpose. Based on tracing dualistic tendencies in the history of the concept “self” formation, the paper aims to clarify in what way dualism – contradistinction of the self and sociality, in particular – is being overcome in phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches to the self. Methodology. The systematic and integrative approaches, hermeneutic, phenomenological and retrospective methods, comparative analysis, description and synthesis underlie the research conducted in this paper. Theoretical basis. The development of the concept “self” is traced based on historical retrospective of its definitions. The paper shows the influence of Kantian interpretation of the self upon the contemporary approaches, presents the comparative analysis of the most recent definitions of the self and illustrates the study results on the relation of the self to the body, the world, the narration and the identity with reference to Martin Heidegger, Paul Ricoeur and Charles Taylor in particular. Originality. An integration of phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches to the self is introduced in the paper. It is argued that phenomenological and hermeneutic interpretations can be represented as complementing each other, since they share the anti-dualist perspective and interweave in description of the key aspects of the self, particularly sociality and language.  Conclusion. Dualism is overcome in the contemporary interpretations of the self as it is clear from the phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches example. There is no more acute opposition between the self and the world, the self and the body, the self and the social life of a person. The self is considered as “being-in-the-world” which unfolds through intersection of different dimensions: subjectivity, body, temporality, language and sociality. Sociality provides the self with a moral framework through identity and enables conditions for person’s self-fulfillment, since the self reaches completeness only by transcending itself towards the others. The modern discovery of the self entails the need to invent a new type of solidarity.
BODY AND SPACE RELATIONSHIP IN THE RESEARCH FIELD OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY: BLUMENBERG’S CRITICISM OF EDMUND HUSSERL’S “ANTHROPOLOGY PHOBIA”
Authors: Prykhodko V. , Rudenko S.
Published: August 2018

Purpose. The article suggested for consideration is aimed at clarifying the shift in human perception from the spatial turn announced by Michel Foucault, to a performative turn. The performative turn has an anthropological footing. It is based on the all-round investigation of the body’s principal role for cultural existence, as a result of a reverse reaction to artificial conceptual gap between space and body, which basically means ignoring the embodiment theme. An example of such theoretical deformation was Edmund Husserl’s “anthropology phobia” revealed and thoroughly analysed by Hans Blumenberg in his critical works. Originality of the approach applied in this research, first and foremost, demonstrates not an abstract phenomenological conception as a theoretical construct, but a phenomenological activity itself, as well as practical work expressing antepredicative experience and solving the problems arising in this complicated process. Applying the Blumenberg’s analysis also allows to peep in the sideline notes of Edmund Husserl himself, which, for their part, acquire special meaning in relation to such a practical (performative) turn. Conclusions show the following state of affairs demonstrated by the anthropological and performative shift towards the body theme: 1) absolutisation of space without mentioning its relation to body experience is unreasonable and groundless, like in Husserl’s “anthropology phobia ”; 2) since the ground itself is a metaphorical anthropology basis, anthropology can reveal the structural conditions of perception due to thematic fronting of embodiment; 3) this gives anthropology some compensational features, to avoid false culture and nature dualism; 4) so, the space and body relationship is expressed by the Vehikel-phenomenon (transport phenomenon) of the body itself, by placing, arranging and depicting, and thus replacing something missing and unavailable for direct contemplation, by revealing the spatial infrastructure for object perception, creating the presence conditions and metaphorically marking the contemplation boundary; 5) the depicting arrangement (Darstellung) is at the same time a bodily performance, a play, staging and performing, which gives an aesthetic, poetic and emphatic impact on the use of philosophy language, in our case, on the way a phenomenology philosopher works with the language.
ANTROPOLOGICAL SKETCH OF THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF TRANSITIONAL SOCIETY
Authors: Bondarevych I. M. , Dievochkina N. M.
Published: August 2018

Purpose of the article is to create a working model of the social structure of a society with transition type, which moves from its totalitarian past to democratic organization. In our model the basis of social stratification is the principle of the influence of individuals’ personal characteristics on social transformations. As such principle, we propose self-control of mental content. Theoretical basis. The object of the research is a transitional society. The subject of the research is its social stratification. The individual mental content determines not only his behavior, but a life strategy that affects the social development of society as well. We determined the social structure layers according to the degree of the individual’s self-control of mental content. Carriers of slave consciousness have the lowest degree of control, which are in a fanatical state from the surrounding psychosocial influences (ideology, religion, etc.). The insignificant degree of self-control is discovered among those who have seized consciousness - social infants susceptible to populist promises. The social layer of the owners of injured consciousness (egoists and nihilists) demonstrates the highest degree of self-awareness among these three social layers. All three social layers, taking into account their life strategies, which are conditioned with the prevailing external influence on their consciousness, belong to the zone of social deformation. The last one is the core of the social structure of the transitional society. The halo of the structure of such society forms a social layer of socially sensitive personalities. Since they build their own strategy of their own lives more independently, it can be assumed that they are conventionally out of the social deformation zone. Originality. The proposed model of the social structure of a transitional society has excellent prognostic capabilities. Social forecasts are based on a comparative analysis of the quantitative ratio of all social layers. For example, the prevailing aggregate number of slave consciousness carriers and owners of the seized consciousness is characteristic for the first steps of a post-totalitarian society. If it continues to be fixed in time, this is the evidence of the inhibition process in social transformations and so on. Conclusions. The dynamics of social perturbations in transitional societies is effectively investigated due to the lines of the greatest mutual influence of personal characteristics on social processes. One of these lines is the individual’s self-control in sphere of the mental content. The social structure model of a particular transition society created by the results of future sociological researches will allow to predict the state and prospects of its social transformations. And the main thing is that it will help to detect the factors of the success in social development of a particular society, which is the indispensable condition for the construction of a state policy.
TRANSPORT ACCIDENTS DISTRIBUTION AT UKRAINIAN RAILWAYS ACCORDING TO CATEGORIES DEPENDING ON SEVERITY OF CONSEQUENCES
Authors: O. M. Ohar  , O. V. Rozsocha  , G. V. Shapoval  , Y. V. Smachylo
Published: August 2018

Purpose. The article aimed at developing a methodology for transport accisents distribution according to criterion of average material damage and establish financial limits between the existing types of transport accidents. Methodology. Nowadays, at the Ukrainian railways, transport accidents are classified according to the severity of consequences which are expressed in physical quantities. The existing classification system is inferior to the classification system of transport accidents, which operates in the territory of the European Union (EU). Transport accidents in the EU countries are classified both by type and by criterion of material damage. To distribute transport accidents by categories depending on the severity of the consequences at the Ukrainian railways the method of the nearest neighbor is used. It takes into account average losses from transport accident, its feature is the possibility of establishing financial limits. Findings. The article proposes an efficient method for distributing transport accidents at the Ukrainian railways according to the categories depending on the severity of consequences using cluster analysis. The presented results of calculations allow us to distribute the transport accidents into three groups and establish the financial limits between them. Originality. It was improved the method of distribution of transport accidents by categories depending on material losses. According to it, transport accidents are divided into three groups. For the first time, financial limits were proposed between groups of transport events. We propose further research to confirm the size of financial limits. Practical value. As a result of research, it was possible to evaluate transport accidents not only by severity of their consequences, but also by the criterion of material damage. This approach also enables us to evaluate the state of traffic safety at certain sections, stations or railway directions. On the basis of obtained results, further development of classification system of transport accidents, as well as its integration into the European classification system, is possible.
SPECIFIC ASSESSMENT METHOD OF RAILWAY BALLAST PARTICLE DEGRADATION BASED ON UNIQUE LABORATORY TEST
Authors: Fischer S. , Nemeth A. , Harrach D. , Juhasz E.
Published: August 2018

Purpose. There are specific, standardized laboratory test methods to assess railway ballast particle degradation; they are the Los Angeles (EN 1097-2) and the Micro-Deval abrasion (EN 1097-1) tests. These testing methods can’t take into consideration the real railway stress-strain circumstances of ballast materials, and they particles. In this paper the authors represent a specific laboratory fatigue breakage test of railway ballast materials. With this kind of testing method, the deterioration process of railway ballast particles can be assessed more realistic and precisely. Methodology. A special layer structure is built-up with elastic sublayer system and 30 cm thick ballast samples (from two different type andesite base rocks) that is loaded by dynamic, pulsating forces. Particle size distribution functions have to be recorded before and after a more million cycle fatigue test, but intermediate measurements are also executed. The measured data should be processed, and different parameters have to be calculated that are offered by international literature and researches. The test doesn’t consider the particle breakage due to hand-made and machine-made tamping, but it can simulate particle degradation due to more years’ railway traffic in laboratory circumstances. Findings. There is a development after the R&D work made and published in 2014: in 2017 and 2018 years the ballast particle deterioration process is given according to more intermediate fatigue cycles with individual measurements, that show more precise «picture» about the full particle degradation, i.e. breakage process. The authors give more precise correlation functions between the calculated parameters and load cycles during fatigue. Originality. The paper summed up the results of a specific developed laboratory test method for assessment of the breakage process of railway ballast particles according to two different railway ballast materials from andesite base rocks. Practical value. The results help with the calculation of approximate time interval of required ballast screening (cleaning) work in the future. This research is supported by the ÚNKP-17-4 New National Excellence Program of Ministry of Human Capacities.
İNSÜLİN DİRENCİNDE İNSÜLİN RESEPTÖR SUBSTRAT 1 (IRS1) PROTEİNİNİN ROLÜ
Authors: Görgişen Gökhan
Published: August 2018

İnsülin
direnci, iskelet kası, yağ ve karaciğer gibi insülinin hedef dokularının hücresel
düzeyde insüline gereken yanıtı verememesi ya da az vermesi durumudur.
İnsülin direncinin başta Tip 2 Diyabet olmak üzere bir çok hastalığın öncülü
olması nedeniyle patogenezinin aydınlatılması oldukça önem taşımaktadır.
İnsülin direncine neden olan moleküler mekanizmalar tam olarak bilinmemektedir.
Ancak son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar, insülin direnci gelişimindeki etkin
mekanizmaların başında insülin reseptör substrat (IRS) proteinleri üzerinden
gerçekleşen hücre sinyali regülasyonundaki bozukluğun olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Biz bu derlememizde IRS1 proteininin, normal ve patolojik durumdaki
regülasyonu hakkındaki son gelişmeleri ortaya koyarak, insülin direnci oluşum
mekanizmalarını aydınlatmaya yönelik yeni çalışmalara öncül olabilmeyi
amaçlamaktayız.
Kronik Derin Ven Trombozu Olan Hastada Akut Gelişen İliyak Ven Trombozunun Farmokomekanik Tedavisi: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Atılgan Kıvanç , Demirdaş Ertan , Er Cengiz Zafer
Published: August 2018

Derin ven trombozu (DVT) derin venöz
sistemde bir veya birden fazla venin trombüsle tıkanması ile gelişip ağrı, şişlik,
hassasiyet ve kızarıklık gibi bulgular ile ortaya çıkan tedavi edilmediği
taktirde önemli derecede mortalite ve morbiditeye yol açabilen bir patolojidir.
Tedavi seçeneklerinde oral antikoagülan, düşük molekül ağırlıklı heparin (DMAH)
ve son dönemde kullanıma giren yeni oral antikoagülan (YOAK) ve farmakomekanik
trombektomi işlemi yer almaktadır. Girişimsel tedaviler akut trombüs
vakalarında uygulanmakta iken kronik vakalarda etkinlikleri ne yazık ki sınırlı
kalmakta bu nedenle de kronik olgularda medikal tedavi yine en önemli seçenek
olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Günümüzde artan yaşam beklentisi ve nüks
oranlarının sonucu olarak akut ve kronik lezyonların birlikte olduğu vaka
sayısı artmıştır.

Kombine vakaların tedavisinde farmakomekanik
tedavi ne ölçüde kendine yer bulacaktır? Bu makalemizde kronik zeminde
popliteal ven trombozu olan bir hastada akut gelişen iliyak ven trombozuna
farmakomekanik trombektomi uygulamamız sonrası elde ettiğimiz olumlu sonuçları
paylaşmayı amaçladık.
DİSLEKSİLİ ÇOCUKLARDA EV OKURYAZARLIK ORTAMININ YÜRÜTÜCÜ İŞLEVLER VE AKTİVİTE RUTİNLERİNE ETKİSİNİ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AKYÜREK Gökçen , BUMİN Gonca
Published: August 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, disleksili
çocukların aktivite rutinlerini ve aktivite rutinlerinde ev okuryazarlık ortamının
rolünü incelemektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Hacettepe Üniversitesi
Ergoterapi Bölümü pediatri ünitesine gelen ve yaşları 7-12 (8,2±1,5) arasında
değişen 158 çocuğun (55 kız) aileleri sosyal-demografik forma ve aktivite
rutinlerini incelemek için yönetici işlevler ve aktivite rutin ölçeği anketine
cevap verdi. Demografik forma göre, yaş ve cinsiyet bireysel faktörler olarak
sorulurken ebeveynlerin eğitim ve istihdam durumu bir ev okur yazarlık çevresi
olarak sorulmuştur.

Bulgular: Çoklu doğrusal regresyona
göre, ne bireysel ne de çevresel faktörler yürütme işlevlerini açıklamaya katkıda
bulunur (p> 0,05).

Sonuç: Disleksi nöro gelişimsel bir
problem olduğu için ev okur-yazarlık ortamının etkisinin olmadığını
düşünmekteyiz. Gelecekteki çalışma, disleksili çocukların savunmasız olduğu
bilinen nöronal sistemlere farklı bireysel ve çevresel etkenlerin etkisini
netleştirmeyi ve bilhassa bilişsel işlev üzerindeki etkisini açıklığa
kavuşturmayı amaçlamalıdır.

Anahtar Sözcükler: Disleksi; Yürütücü
işlevler; Çevre; Aile, Okur yazarlık
Arnold-Chiari Malformasyonu: Gebelik Öncesi Bakım Önemi ve Yenidoğan Sonuçları
Authors: ARAN Turhan , CÖMERT Erhan Hüseyin , ŞAL Hidayet , EKİCİ Yasin Semih , KOÇ Emine Ahu , KART Cavit
Published: August 2018

Amaç : Bu çalışmada kliniğimizde yatırılarak tedavi alan Arnold chiari tip 2 malformasyonu tanılı, olguların cinsiyet, doğum şekli, gestasyonel hafta, doğum ağırlığı, eşlik eden ek anomaliler, eğitim durumu, antenatal bakım ve folik asit kullanımı, yenidoğan dönemindeki  operasyonlar, doğum sonrası yenidoğanda gözlenen problemler ve sekeller gibi postnatal sonuçlar değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.   Gereç ve yöntemler: Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum AD’da Ocak 2016 ile Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında Arnold Chiari Tip 2 tanısıyla kliniğine yatırılan tüm bebekler bu tek merkezli retrospektif çalışmaya alındı. Hastalara ait verilere tıbbi kayıtlardan ulaşıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 20 Arnold chiari tip 2 malformasyonu olan olgu dahil edildi. Akraba evliliği hiçbir olguda yoktu. Gebelerde folik asit kullanımı sadece 2 (%20) olguda mevcuttu. 10(%50) olguda tanı viyabilite sınırından önce konulmuş ve aile gebelik terminasyonu istemişti. Terminasyonu kabul eden 10 olgudan 4 (%40) tanesine meningosel/ meningomyelosel eşlik ediyordu. Gebeliğin devamına karar veren 10 olgudan 6 (%60) tanesine meningosel-meningomyelosel eşlik ediyordu. Olguların medyan gebelik yaşı 37 hafta, ortalama yenidoğan ağırlığı 3117±522 gram, medyan  1.dakika ve 5.dakika APGAR  skoru sırasıyla 6 ve 8 idi. Yenidoğanların  6 ‘sı erkek (%60), 4’ü kız (%40) idi. Bebekler ortalama postnatal 3. günde opere edildi. %90’nına şant operasyonu uygulandı. 9 olguda fizik tedavi uygulaması gerektiren hareket kısıtlılığı ve güç kaybı mevcuttu. 7(%70) olguda bir ekstremitede hareket kısıtlığı ve  güç kaybı var iken, 2 (%20) olguda  her iki alt ekstremitede hareket ve kas gücü izlenmedi. Beş (%50) yenioğanda   miksiyon ve defekasyon sorunu nedeni ile temiz aralıklı katater uygulaması gereksinimi oluşmuştu. Sonuç: Yapılan çalışmalardan ve kliniğimizdeki olgulardan da anlaşılacağı gibi NTD olgularında folik asit kullanmama yada düzensiz kullanım öyküleri mevcut. Bu sebepten kliniğimizde değerlendirilen olgulara yüksek oranda NTD eşlik etmekte.
Elektrik Enerjisi Piyasasında Regülasyon ve Bağımsız Düzenleyici Kurumlar: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: KOÇ Özgür Emre , GÜLŞEN Mustafa Alpin
Published: August 2018

Günümüzde sosyal ve iktisadi hayatta önemli bir yeri olan elektrik ürününe kamu kesimi gerek üretim gerekse iletim ve dağıtım aşamalarında sıklıkla müdahalede bulunmaktadır. Bu açıdan elektrik piyasası, 1970’lere kadar kamusal mülkiyete sahip kuruluşların idaresi altındayken özellikle 1990’lı yıllardan itibaren deregülasyon faaliyetleri sonucu daha çok özel sektörün etkisi altına girmiştir. Çalışmada elektrik sektöründeki regülasyonların nedenleri anlatılarak regülatörlerin bu süreçte konumuna Türkiye ve dünya örnekleriyle yer verilmiştir. Türkiye’de elektrik tüketiminde dışa bağımlı bir yapının bulunması, yapılacak regülasyonların da kapsamını daraltmaktadır. Uzun vadeli ve geniş kapsamlı yapısal regülasyonlar yerine kısa vadeli ve cari sorunların çözümüne yönelik regülasyonların varlığı sektör açısından negatif yönlü etkide bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte 1990’lı yıllardan itibaren sektördeki katılımcıların artması, rekabet açısından pozitif yönlü bir gelişme olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Kuruluşundan Günümüze Türkiye’de Vergi Yükü ve Gelir Dağılımının Analizi
Authors: AY Hakan , HAYDANLI Latif
Published: August 2018

Bu çalışmada; Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devletinin kuruluşundan bu yana, gelir dağılımının iyileştirilmesinde bir müdahale aracı olarak kullanılan vergi politikaları ve bu politikaların önemli bir göstergesi niteliği taşıyan vergi yükünün dağılımının çeşitli toplum kesimleri üzerinde yarattığı etkiler anlatılacaktır. Çalışmamızda ayrıca vergi politikalarının hazırlanma aşamasından yürürlüğe girmesine kadar olan süreçte çeşitli toplum kesimlerinin vergi politikalarının oluşumunda ne derece etkili oldukları ve bu etkilerin ekonomik, sosyal ve politik sonuçları analize tabii tutulacaktır. Bu analiz yapılırken dönemler itibariyle karşılaştırılma yapılacak ve bu yöntem sayesinde daha anlaşılabilir ve nesnel sonuçlar elde edilebilecektir.
Development of the Banking System in Kyrgyzstan: An Historical Review and Current Challenges
Authors: ASEİNOV Dastan , KARYMSHAKOV Kamalbek
Published: August 2018

Banking in transition economies differs from developing and developed economies with market system. This study aims to review development of the banking system in Kyrgyzstan since independence. The period under consideration is divided into five stages, each of which has a main distinctive aspect. Despite considerable achievements in last fifteen years the banking system still remains vulnerable to external shocks. Moreover, insufficient institutional infrastructure is one of the fundamental factors retarding further development of the banking system.
Bland-Altman plots Squat, Single Leg Squat, Countermovement Jump v1
Authors: Teufl Wolfgang , Miezal Markus , Taetz Bertram , Fröhlich Michael , Bleser Gabriele
Published: August 2018

Find enclosed the Bland-Altman plots of hip-, knee-, ankle joint and the global pelvis felxion, obliquity and rotation belonging to the publication“Validity of inertial sensor based 3D joint kinematics of static and dynamic functional movement tasks”.
PRIMARY OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE: COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ARTHROSCOPIC DEBRIDEMENT AND SUPERVISED MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR THE STAGE (II AND III) OF THE DISEASE
Authors: Saeed Areewan , Ali Nabaz
Published: August 2018

Background 

Osteoarthritis is a chronic disorder of synovial joints with progressive softening and disintegration of articular cartilage accompanied by osteophytes, cyst formation, subchondral sclerosis, synovitis and capsular fibrosis, it can be classified into primary and secondary types. Pain is the usual presenting symptom; modalities of treatment includes: physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy and surgery including arthroscopic debridement, osteotomy or arthroplasty.

Objectives 

To assess the effect of arthroscopic debridement in stage II & III primary osteoarthritis of the knee joint and to compare that with the supervised medical therapy.

Patients and Methods

This prospective study was carried out between December 2011 and January 2015, 106 patients with 106 primary knee joint osteoarthritis were included. Age range between 30-60 years, mean (50±7.592); male 43 (40.56%), female 63 (59.43%); male to female ratio was (1:1.45); body mass index (25.50-34.00) mean (29.6375), the right side affected in (48.2%) and left side in (51.8%). The cases were divided into two groups; operative and non-operative group randomly, arthroscopic debridement with lavage in fifty-six patients and supervised medical treatment in fifty patients. Modified WOMAC score were used to evaluate both groups in pre-treatment, one week, one month, 3 months, 6 months and one year after treatment.

Results

In the comparison between the two groups, statistically significant differences were observed at the period of 6 months of treatment while no significant difference observed at the end of one year. Patients assigned to arthroscopic surgery have more improvement in the modified WOMAC score than those assigned to medical treatment. 

Conclusion

Arthroscopic debridement, lavage and irrigation is more promising in decreasing pain, stiffness, and improving physical function more than supervised conservative therapy in patients with grade II & III primary osteoarthritis of the knee joint six to twelve months after the procedure.