bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
salina: patrimonio natural y cultural. Trabajo léxico contrastivo español-francés
Authors: López Santiago Mercedes
Published: July 2022

La sal, llamada también oro blanco, ha constituido un producto de incalculable valor a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad. En efecto, este pequeño mineral ha sido utilizado y se utiliza actualmente como condimento en la alimentación humana y animal, como conservante de alimentos (carnes, pescados y verduras) y como elemento indispensable para la industria (curtido de pieles, detergentes, esmaltes, cerámica, textiles, medicamentos, cosméticos, etc.). La sal se obtiene principalmente de las salinas costeras, de las minas de sal y de las salinas de interior. Además, estas explotaciones salineras representan un paisaje reconocido tanto como patrimonio natural como cultural. Por ello, en este trabajo, presentamos un estudio léxico contrastivo español-francés sobre el léxico empleado en las instalaciones salinas con el fin de contribuir a su conocimiento, conservación y difusión, como muestra incuestionable del valor cultural de este patrimonio natural.
The Future of the Common European Asylum System: Dystopian or Utopian Expectations?
Authors: Doomernik Jeroen , Glorius Birgit
Published: July 2022

After the end of the Cold War, a decade started within which the idea of European unity gained considerable traction. The Maastricht Treaty transformed the Economic Community into the European Union and the scope of collaboration between its member states widened to include justice and home affairs. By the end of the decade, it had become clear this was not enough to address the challenges caused by refugee migration. Thus the Amsterdam Treaty aimed at proper joint policy and law‐making in the sphere of migration and asylum. This ought to be done with full respect to the 1951 Refugee Convention. By 2004, when the Union was joined by ten new member states, the essence of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) had been formulated and turned into Regulations and Directives as part of the Union’s body of common law. The system was further fine‐tuned during the next decade, but during the 2015 “refugee crisis” the system collapsed for lack of solidarity and solid agreements on responsibility‐sharing between the member states. Since then, the single goal member states share is that asylum seekers and refugees are best kept from finding a way into Europe—for once they arrive political stress is the unavoidable consequence. Paradoxically, precisely the ideal of a CEAS has introduced practices that deviate from the EU’s norms regarding international protection. This thematic issue reviews some of those issues but also finds examples of harmonization and good practices.
Antitumor immunotherapy and COVID-19 in cancer patients
Authors: Pogodina E. A. , Shubina I. Zh. , Lobov A. V. , Ivanova P. I. , Sokolov N. Yu.
Published: July 2022

The interaction of the innate and adaptive immunity is necessary for the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. The innate immunity serves as the body’s first line of defense in a rapid and non-specific manner. The adaptive immune reaction proceeds more slowly, forming a specific response to antigens. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are very important in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Alterations in the immune status leading to impaired immune responses are associated with more serious infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Patients with cancer are often immunosuppressed, both as a result of their disease and the specific treatment. As a result, they are at a more serious risk of acquiring COVID-19.

The aim of the paper is to review the literature concerning the immune response to the coronavirus disease in cancer patients, particularly, those who received antitumor immunotherapy.

The review considers various retrospective and prospective studies evaluating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the effectiveness of treatment and the status of patients with cancer. The researchers have found that the negative impact of the infection affects patients receiving chemotherapy, patients with hematological malignancies, lung cancer, metastatic malignant neoplasms and cancer patients with advanced cancer. The age over 65 years is recognized as a certain risk factor.

Moreover, on the basis of the data on the mechanism of action of the immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors and the immune response to coronavirus infection, it was assumed that immune checkpoint inhibitors can induce immunocompetence in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, the existing data cannot completely support the statement that the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19 causes increased mortality or morbidity with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Extensive experimental and clinical studies are required to determine the role of cancer immunotherapy in COVID-19 patients with cancer.
Modern antiviral biomedical cell products and their applications for COVID-19 therapy
Authors: Chikileva I. O. , Shubina I. Zh. , Kiselevskiy M. V.
Published: July 2022

Several types of COVID-19 vaccines have been developed in a short period of time. However, the groups at risk of severe COVID-19 (the elderly, people with suppressed immunity, such as oncological patients, or organ transplantation patients) are the least likely to develop an adequate immune response to vaccination. Therefore, in order to obtain protective reactions in these groups, it is advisable to use such biomedical cell products (BMCP) as dendritic cell (DC) based vaccines loaded with SARS-CoV-2 antigens ex vivo under optimal conditions. In some cases, when vaccination has not been carried out in a timely manner and the risk of a serious disease is high, it is worth-while to take immediate measures to protect the body from the virus that has infected the organism.

For this protective action lymphocytes with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) may be suitable. Such receptors recognize antigens using modified antibody domains, without need for presentation within molecules of major histocompatibility complex. Therefore, it is possible to use donor effector CAR lymphocytes, which were prepared in advance, for emergency needs. CAR lymphocytes are currently used primarily for tumor therapy. Until 2020, there was limited research on antiviral CAR lymphocytes. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic intensification of such activities. DCs, which are considered to be the most effective antigen-presenting cells, were also originally used as anti-tumor vaccines. The safety of DC vaccines, their high effectiveness in the presentation of target antigens quickly led researchers to try using DCs also as a therapeutic agent for chronic viral diseases such as hepatitis B and C, human immunodeficiecy virus.

This review summarizes the data on antiviral BMCPs that have been developed so far, with a particular focus on products against COVID-19. It discusses how the results of previous studies can be used to increase the efficiency of anti-COVID-19 BMCP.
Influence of gender and age of patients with oral mucosa cancer on the phenotype of systemic and local immunity
Authors: Zabotina T. N. , Chertkova A. I. , Borunova A. A. , Zakharova E. N. , Shoua E. K. , Shoua I. B. , Tsiklauri V. T. , Zaderenko I. A. , Kadagidze Z. G.
Published: July 2022

Background. The incidence of oral mucosa cancer (OMC) is higher in people over 50 years of age, and the aggressiveness of the course of the disease is higher in people under 50 years of age. In this context, it is of interest to clarify the mechanisms of immune disorders characteristic of patients of different age groups.

Aim. To research systemic and local immunity in OMC patients and the relationship of peripheral blood lymphocyte population (PBLs) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with the patient’s sex and age.

Materials and methods. PBLs and TILs effector and suppressor populations were studied by flow cytometry in OMC patients aged 29 to 84 years.

Results. The percentage of CD3-, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+T cells, regulatory CD4+CD25+CD127low/ –(CD4Treg) and CD8+CD11b–CD28–(CD8Тreg) T lymphocytes, CD4+PD-1+ and CD8+PD-1+ T cells was increased in TILs compared to PBLs. The levels of cytotoxic CD8+CD11b+CD28– T lymphocytes, NK, CD8+Perforin+ and CD16+Perforin+ cells in TILs were lower than in PBLs. The relationship between the level of CD4Treg and other TILs and PBLs depended on the patient’s sex. Age-related changes in the levels of NK and CD8 T-cells were observed in men, and CD4Treg – in women.

Conclusion. Local immunity in OMC patients is highly immunosuppressive. The sex of patients influences the relationship between CD4Treg and other populations of PBLs and TILs, as well as age-related changes in the OMC patients’ immune system. This investigation results can make a certain contribution to personalized treatment of patients with OMC, taking into account differences in systemic and local immunity and in the immune response to the tumor in patients of different sex and age.
Az újító pedagógusok hatása az Észak-Magyarország és az Észak-Alföld régió négy megyéjének középfokú oktatási intézményeiben : Az oktatási innovációs gyakorlatok középtávú eredményessége
Authors: Hornyák Ágnes , Bacskai Katinka , Pusztai Gabriella
Published: July 2022

Az ezredfordulót követő társadalmi, gazdasági problémákra számos területnek választ kell adnia, így az oktatásnak is. A globalizációs folyamat során a tudásgazdaság tekintetében megfigyelhető, hogy a nemzetközi innovációs rendszerek fejlődést mutatnak (Archibugi & Filippetti, 2015; Fazekas et al., 2018). Azonban az alkalmazkodás azon országok számára jelent jelentősebb kihívást, amelyek ipara, oktatási stratégiája kevésbé innovatív, és e területek szereplőinek kooperációs képessége gyengébb (Inzelt & Csonka, 2018). A 21. század tudásalapú gazdaságának oktatása, illetve a versenyképes társadalom érdekében az oktatás valamennyi szereplőjének kiemelt feladata, hogy olyan kompetenciákat alakítson ki, amelyek segítségével a munkapiac minden szektora számára korszerű, nyitott szemléletmódot érvényesítő, kooperációra képes munkavállalók válhatnak a fejlődés mozgatóerőjévé. Mindez az oktatási tartalom és a struktúra megújulását igényli. Ennek köszönhetően az innovációs politikák egyre inkább kiemelt szerepet kapnak a nemzeti fejlesztési stratégiákban, miközben jól látható, hogy az egyes ágazatok is ágazati innovációkat hoznak létre. Megvizsgálva a nemzeti innovációs stratégiákat jól látható, hogy egyrészt a gazdasági és a társadalmi fejlődés egyik jelentős szegmenseként vannak jelen, másrészt a fejlődés érdekében az oktatáson belül lezajló belső keletkezésű innovációkat is támogatniuk kell (Fazekas et al., 2018). A világ számos országa néz szembe ezzel a kihívással, ugyanakkor hazánk nemzetközi szintű gazdasági versenyképességének javítása nem valósítható meg az oktatásban történő jelentős változások nélkül (Inzelt & Csonka, 2018).
A tesztmegoldási motiváció kérdőíves és logadat alapú mérésének összehasonlító elemzése alacsony téttel rendelkező interaktív problémamegoldó környezetben
Authors: Csányi Róbert , Molnár Gyöngyvér
Published: July 2022

Az oktatási folyamat során alkalmazott értékelési eljárások célja a tanulók tudásszintjének, az elsajátított ismeretek különböző helyzetekben való alkalmazásának meghatározása. Ehhez olyan mérőeszközök szükségesek, amelyek megfelelően reprezentálják a mérni kívánt tudásterületeket, illetve illeszkednek a diákok tudás- és képességszintjéhez. A tesztek eredményei tanulói, tanulócsoporti, intézményi, illetve az oktatási rendszer szintjén használhatók fel a mért tulajdonságok jellemzésére. A mérés-értékelés célja, megközelítése erőteljes változáson esett át az elmúlt években (Molnár, 2021). A szummatív értékelés mellett egyre inkább előtérbe kerül a személyre szabott tanulást és tanítást támogató, tanulói szintű visszacsatolásra fókuszáló diagnosztikus értékelés. A diagnosztikus értékelés pedig jó alapul szolgál a tanulók fejlesztő értékeléséhez (Csapó & Molnár, 2019). A tanulók teszten nyújtott teljesítményét nemcsak tudás- és képességszintjük határozza meg, hanem erőteljesen befolyásolhatják különböző affektív tényezők, többek között a motiváció részleges vagy teljes hiánya (Wise et al., 2014). Wise és DeMars (2005) elemzése alapján a nem motivált diákok több mint fél szórással gyengébb eredményt értek el a teszteken, mint motivált társaik. Ezt támasztják alá Finn (2015), Schüttpelz-Brauns és munkatársai (2018), illetve Wise és Kong (2005) kutatási eredményei is, melyek a motiváltabb tesztmegoldók magasabb teljesítményét jelezték. Lee és Chen (2011) kutatási eredményei szerint nem mutatható ki jelentős összefüggés a tesztelt személyek motivációja és képességszintje között, azaz nem igaz az az állítás, hogy a magasabb képességszintűek esetleg erőteljesebb motivációval rendelkeznek, illetve az alacsonyabb tudásszintűek motivációja alacsonyabb lenne, vagy fordítva. A diákok tudás- és képességszintje, valamint a teszteredményt befolyásoló motiváció kapcsolata nem lineáris.
Conhecimento sobre Leishmaniose Visceral entre Alunos da Rede Pública
Authors: Suzuki Rodrigo Buzinaro , Knopp Daniela Esther , De Souza Marli Rodrigues , Martins Cintia Perinetti Alves , Rancan Eduardo Alexandre , Chagas Eduardo Federighi Baisi , Martins Luciamáre Perinetti Alves
Published: July 2022

Introdução: A leishmaniose visceral humana é uma doença infecciosa, grave, negligenciada mundialmentee endêmica no Brasil, especialmente, no oeste do estado de São Paulo. Assim, o conhecimento popularacerca de doenças endêmicas é contributário nas ações de intervenção de controle da enfermidade.Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de alunos da rede pública do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, moradoresem área endêmica de leishmaniose visceral humana (LVH). Métodos: Estudantes de escolas da redepública do município de Marília - SP, Brasil, responderam um questionário com dados demográficos eperguntas para identificar o conhecimento sobre aspectos gerais da doença, seus possíveis hospedeiros,vetores, medidas de prevenção e controle da LVH, além das fontes utilizadas para a obtenção desseconhecimento. A análise quantitativa foi expressa pela média e seus valores mínimos e máximos.A associação entre variáveis qualitativas foi analisada pelo teste do Qui-quadrado. Resultados: De umtotal de 300 questionários aplicados, foram incluídos os respondidos por 227 participantes (54,6% dosexo feminino), com média de idade de 15,5±1,0 anos. Destes, 53,3% afirmaram ter conhecimento préviosobre leishmaniose visceral, porém a análise de associação não apresentou diferença significativa aorelacionar o número de alunos que responderam ter conhecimento prévio sobre LVH e o número derespostas corretas no questionário, observando-se um maior número de acertos nas questões sobreconhecimentos gerais da doença sobre as questões sobre medidas de prevenção e controle. A escolafoi referida como o principal local de obtenção de conhecimento. Conclusão: Ações preventivas deeducação em saúde são de extrema necessidade, pois este local foi considerado como importante veículode propagação do conhecimento e pode auxiliar no controle epidemiológico de doenças endêmicas.
Discurso, sujeto y subjetividad. Hacia una crítica materialista de la categoría de Ethos
Authors: Masin Daiana
Published: July 2022

El artículo presenta una revisión de la categoría de ethos haciendo un contrapunto con la teoría materialista del discurso desarrollada por Michel Pêcheux. Al respecto, propone que las teorías enunciativas centradas en el ethos le otorgan cierta soberanía al “yo” enunciador. No obstante, en “Las verdades evidentes” las aproximaciones centradas en lx “hablante” o “enunciadorx” se problematizan y se señala que resulta necesario explicar el modo en que se efectúa la interpelación individuo como sujeto de su discurso. Cobra relevancia, entonces, la formulación de una teoría del Interdiscurso. Esto implica, también, poner atención a la teoría psicoanalítica, específicamente, a la reflexión sobre la dimensión imaginaria que permite comprender cómo se constituye el sujeto como “sujeto del discurso”. Así, más que cerrar un debate, se explora la teoría materialista del discurso y formula algunas preguntas que resulta preciso pensar.
LANGUAGE-RELATED HYBRID NARRATIVES IN RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFRONTATION
Authors:   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Makarets Iuliia
Published: July 2022

The article considers language-related Hybrid narratives that spread in the Ukrainian infospace during the period of independence as an element of Russia's hybrid war. Narrative is a cognitive structure that determines the worldview of a certain circle of individuals and is formed by modeling the semantic field of infospace. Hybrid narratives spread simplistic and primitive ideas, distort the rational perception of reality, often replacing it with an irrational reaction. Due to this, they became an effective tool of RF in deepening internal conflicts and intensifying crisis phenomenon in Ukrainian society. Russia has identified the Russian-speaking population of other countries (especially post-Soviet countries) as one of the main factors of its geopolitical influence in the world, so it is the most active in broadcasting language-related hybrid narratives. In particular, in the Ukrainian information space, there are mobilization narratives that are aimed to unite around the idea of "protection of the Russian language and violated rights of Russianspeakers" (narratives on a common language space, second official language, hostility between Russian-speaking East of Ukraine and Ukrainianspeaking West, etc.) and discrediting narratives on Ukrainian as a national language (about its lack of prospects, provincialism, etc.). Pro-Russian political forces, mass media, the Russian national minority and Russian-speaking Ukrainians, representatives and products of popular culture, etc. become the tools of translation of these stories. Against the backdrop of Russia's clear stance that it views the Russian-speaking population of other countries as a means of geopolitical influence and the use of language-related narratives in its aggression against Ukraine, in Ukraine, at the political level, support for the state language has not yet been identified as a priority security issue and the state has actually existed within the limits set by Russian hybrid narratives, or revived at various stages as a stabilizing Soviet narrative of "two languages – one folk".
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty After Communited Humerus Fracture: А Case Report
Authors: Frolov Aleksandr V. , Logvinov Alexey N. , Burtsev Mikhail E. , Maysigov Musa N. , Olchev Alexandr A. , Kadantsev Pavel M. , Korolev Andrey V.
Published: July 2022

Background. Fractures of the proximal humerus are common injury, especially among older age group patients. For the treatment of most cases, conservative tactics are required, some require surgery: osteosynthesis, arthroplasty. Proximal humerus fractures with extension to the metadiaphyseal and diaphyseal zones uncommon, and treatment of this type of injuries is complex for trauma surgeons.
The aim of the study is to demonstrate successful experience of two-stage treatment of the proximal humerus fracture with extension to the diaphysis middle third in an older age group patient.
Case presentation. The clinical case presents successful two-stage treatment of the proximal humerus fracture with extension to the middle third of the diaphysis in an older age group patient. The first stage was performed osteosynthesis of the humerus with the PHILOS Long plate, the second stage reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
Conclusion. Consistent performing of osteosynthesis and total reverse shoulder arthroplasty allows to achieve satisfactory treatment results with restoration of the injured limb function and relief of pain syndrome.
Le pardon entre memoire et esperance. Pour une lecture theologique de Paul Ricœur
Authors: Boas Susana de Sousa Vilas
Published: July 2022

Starting from Paul Ricoeur's thinking on history-time and memory-forgetfulness, we seek to understand the meaning of hope, not only from a philosophical perspective, but also - and above all – from a Christian theological perspective. Here we seek to understand how it is possible to maintain historical continuity and to safeguard memory (however traumatic it may be) and to look forward to the future with hope. Paul Ricoeur's proposal seems to indicate not only an insurmountable tension between memory and forgetting that can only be overcome by personal/human forgiveness. However, the Ricoeurian vision of forgiveness - always limited by human contingency – seems to foresee a certain impossibility of keeping hope. Thus, by articulating Ricoeur's vision with the perspectives of other philosophers, psychologists, sociologists and theologians, it becomes possible to open up new avenues and defend the thesis that only forgiveness, understood in a Christian-theological perspective, can be a link and a path of possibility for true hope. In this study, therefore, we seek to understand the concepts of history-time and memory-forgetting beyond Ricoeurian perspectives, thus being able to understand the scope and implications of forgiveness for a historical continuity and for a hope beyond contingency and earthly circumstances. From a theological point of view, hope and history are presented ‘hand in hand’ under the sign of promise and eschatology, where forgiveness is thought of in a personal way (between human beings), without denying – but rather including – the presence and action of God. In this case, forgiveness is presented not only as a gift offered, but as a condition of possibility of human salvation – a condition marked by responsibility towards the other and by an expectation that does not exist post mortem, but in a continuity between earthly and heavenly life. Here, the human being is understood beyond his or her biology and life (its ultimate meaning) beyond the fatalisms of circumstances and its limits (notably the limit of death), which leads to an understanding of life in a sense ‘uncircumscribed’ by death. Instead, death becomes a natural moment of human existence, which should in no way frighten or scare; rather, it is the opening of new horizons - the eschatological horizon that begins in earthly life but does not end with its termination.
Effects of Different Polyethylene Mulch Colors on Greenhouse Cucumber Cultivation
Authors: DEMİRKAYA Mustafa , GERÇEK Sinan , IŞIK Doğan
Published: July 2022

In this study, effects of blue and black polyethylene mulches used together with drip irrigation on yield of Yağmur cucumber cultivar were investigated under greenhouse conditions and mulching treatments were compared with unmulched drip irrigation treatments. Experiments were conducted in a polycarbonate greenhouse in Kayseri province of Turkey in 2019. Throughout the growing season, 655 mm irrigation water was applied in drip+mulch treatments and 776 mm in unmulched drip irrigation treatments. Although 16% less water was applied in drip+mulch treatments, 37% more yield was obtained from drip+blue mulch treatments and 34% more from drip+black mulch treatments. The highest cucumber yields per decare (12296.7 and 11783.6 kg) were respectively obtained from drip+blue mulch and drip+black mulch treatments and the lowest (7771 kg) from unmulched drip irrigation treatments. The highest weed dry biomass (88.42 g m-2) was obtained from unmulched drip irrigation treatments. While the effects of mulching treatments on weed biomass were found to be significant as compared to unmulched treatments, blue and black mulches were not significantly different.
Comparison of orexin-A and neurofilament light chain levels in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A pilot study
Authors: Saruhan Ercan , Korkmaz Muammer , Altiparmak Basak , Tosun Kursad , Kutlu Gulnihal
Published: July 2022

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, with myelin degeneration and Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) as the most common type. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of Neurofilament Light Chain (NFL) and Orexin-A (OXA) in patients with RRMS and compare it with healthy control subjects’ data. In this case-control study of 61 subjects, serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from 23 RRMS patients and 38 healthy control subjects. NFL and OXA levels were determined in cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Self-reported questionnaires were also administered to evaluate fatigue severity and impact. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off value of NFL and OXA. The NFL and OXA concentrations in cerebro­spinal fluid of RRMS patients were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.001), but no sig­nificant difference was found in the serum concentrations (p = 0.842, p = 0.597, respectively). The cut-off values were found to be 1.194 ng/ml for NFL and 77.81 pg/ml for OXA in cerebrospinal fluid. A positive correlation was found between the Expanded Disability Status Scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale in RRMS patients (ρ = 0.49, p = 0.045). These results suggest that increased levels of both NFL and OXA in cerebrospinal fluid reflect neuronal destruction in RRMS. Further research of neurodegeneration should focus on neuropeptides to determine the possible roles in RRMS pathogenesis.
Early and late predictors of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction in cardiac surgery
Authors: Urcun Yusuf Salim , Altun Yasar , Pala Arda Aybars
Published: July 2022

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a multifactorial image characterized by insufficiency in features such as the ability to perform tasks requiring high brain functions. Cognitive dysfunction such as memory loss and decreased concentration, confusion, and delirium are common conditions in some patients in the early period after major surgical interventions such as cardiac surgery. POCD causes delays in postoperative recovery, long return-to-work times, and decreased quality of life. This study aims to demonstrate POCD in early and late stages in patients undergoing cardiac surgery through the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini Mental Test (MMT). In addition, we aim to determine predictive factors with these neurocognitive tests. MMT and MoCA tests were applied to the patients included in the study before cardiac surgery, on the sixth postoperative day and third month. Neuro­cognitive dysfunction detected on the sixth postoperative day was accepted as an early period, its detection in the postoperative third month was accepted as a late period. 127 patients without neurocognitive dysfunction in the preoperative period were included in the study. For early neurocognitive impairment, age, mean platelet volume (MPV), New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, x-clamp time, cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) time, postoperative intensive care and hospital stay duration, and an event of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the preoperative period were determined as predictive factors. In addition, in late-period of neurocognitive dysfunction age, MPV, NYHA classification, x-clamp duration, CPB time, postoperative intensive care and hospital stay duration were shown as predictors of neurocognitive dysfunction. The results of our study support the literature findings showing that delirium is associated with a decline in cognitive functions three months after cardiac surgery. As a result, the lack of agreed diagnostic tests in the definition of POCD makes it difficult to standardize and interpret the research in this area. Therefore, a consensus to be reached in the diagnosis of POCD will ensure the use and correct interpretation of neurophysiological tests. In our study, advanced age and long hospital and intensive care stays were shown as predictive factors for both early and late neurocognitive dysfunctions. Furthermore, smoking was shown as a predictive factor only for late neurocognitive dysfunction.
Két Covid-19-beteg különös hallucinációkkal és fokális EEG-eltérésekkel
Authors: Clemens Béla
Published: July 2022

A 2019 végén kezdődött Covid-19 betegség és pandémia szakmai irodalma kiterjedt, de a nagy betegcsoportokat ismertető közlések a súlyos esetekre szorítkoznak, és ugyanez áll a központi idegrendszeri (KIR-) manifesztációkra is. E munkában két nőbeteg esetét ismertetjük, akikben a szerológiailag igazolt SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés igen enyhe légúti tünetekkel és szintén nem súlyos KIR-pana­szokkal jelentkezett. Az utóbbiak közül kiemelendők az igen élénk és különös tartalmú látási és hallási hallucinációk, amelyek részben elemiek, részben összetettek voltak. Az utóbbiak legjellemzőbb eleme egy emberi alak volt, aki jól érthetően beszélt hozzájuk. Mindössze három hasonló esetleírást találtunk az irodalomban, amelyeket a saját esetekkel összevetve, kiemeljük az öt esetre jellemző közös elemeket. Az összegzés felhívja a figyelmet arra, hogy enyhe vagy akár hiányzó légúti tünetek és szintén nem súlyos KIR-panaszok és -tünetek is lehetnek a Covid-19 velejárói. A két saját esetben a koponya-MRI normális volt, az EEG viszont a hallucinációknak megfelelő lokalizáció­ban körülírt rendellenességeket mutatott, ami az EEG diagnosztikai, differenciáldiagnosztikai jelentőségére utal.
Portrait of MSMEs‘ Islamic Financial Literacy and The Impact on Business Development
Authors: Suwarsi Aqidah Asri , Sharfina Aninta Gina , Anggraeni Anisatun
Published: July 2022

MSMEs are part of the supporting aspects of the country's economy. However, the competitiveness of MSMEs in Indonesia towards the global economy still tends to be low when compared to other ASEAN countries. This is caused by low levels of education and expertise, difficulties in obtaining licensing for MSMEs, lack of access to capital, and lack of infrastructure support. One aspect that should not be missed from the field of education and expertise is the level of public financial literacy. The purpose of this study is not only to analyze and classify the level of financial literacy of MSMEs but also to examine the impact of literacy levels on the development of MSMEs. This research approach is descriptive quantitative with a sample size of 1392, obtained by using cluster random sampling technique in Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). The results of the study show that the financial literacy of MSMEs in DIY is Less Literate. The effect on the business developing had a positive and significant influence amounted to 36.1%. With this finding, it is expected to be an input for regulators in the framework of planning and implementing policies related to Islamic financial literacy.
A retrospective study on endometrial patterns in abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: M. Priya , Anuradha C. R. , Raghavan Vijayashree
Published: July 2022

Background: To determine the type of endometrial patterns of the different age categories of women who presented as a case of abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted on 105 patients who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding who underwent fractional curettage in our hospital. The data on their age, presenting complaints, and comorbidities of all the women were collected. The patterns of endometrial changes were studied and classified.Results: The most common histopathological findings were anovulatory shedding (34.3%) and irregular shedding (18.1%). The other findings include irregular ripening, papillary endocervicitis, endocervicitis, pill endometrium, atrophic endometrium, squamous metaplasia, and endometrial hyperplasia. The most common malignant change seen was endometrioid carcinoma which was seen in women over 40 years of age.Conclusions: Histopathological examination of the endometrium shows a clear-cut differentiation between physiological and malignancy changes in the endometrium. Hence, endometrial sampling is considered the golden tool for accurate analysis of the endometrium.
Pregnancy outcome in anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody negative subclinical hypothyroid women with and without treatment
Authors: Roy Sagarika , Saha Babita , Datta Sajal
Published: July 2022

Background: There is insufficient evidence in the literature whether pregnancy with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody negative subclinical hypothyroidism is benefited with treatment.Methods: The 100 uncomplicated primigravida women before 16 weeks of gestation who were anti thyroid peroxidase antibody negative and diagnosed as subclinical hypothyroid based on serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Free T4 (FT4) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti TPO Ab) were enrolled in this study. They were divided into case and control group having 50 patients in each arm. Case group were treated with levothyroxine therapy as per the recommended dose. Maternal and perinatal outcome were compared between the two groups.Results: In our study we had found increased percentage of cases of antepartum hemorrhage (APH), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), pre-labour rupture of membrane (PROM), preterm delivery, meconium-stained liquor, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), low birth weight (LBW), APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and NICU admission among women who were not treated but it was not statistically significant when compared with control group.Conclusions: When compared between the treated and non-treated group in anti TPO Ab negative subclinical hypothyroid patients, we didn’t find any significant difference in parameters studied by us. In view of inadequate literature, controversy exists whether to treat or not anti TPO negative subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy with levothyroxine.
An unusual case of laparoscopic appendicectomy scar site endometriosis
Authors: Kala Poomalar Gunasekaran , Elumalai Nivetha , Sridharan Subhasri , Arounassalame Bupathy
Published: July 2022

Scar endometriosis following caesarean section is now becoming a relatively common complication. Endometriosis in the laparoscopic port site following appendicectomy is rare. Metaplasia theory probably explains the reason behind the formation of endometriosis following a non-gynecological procedure. We reported a case of scar endometriosis in the site of laparoscopic appendicectomy scar in a 29-year-old multiparous-women, who presented with pain and swelling in the sub-umbilical area getting aggravated during menstruation. A mass of 4×3×3 cm was found extending from the subcutaneous plane to the rectus muscle in the sub-umbilical region with underlying peritoneal involvement. There was no evidence of pelvic endometriosis. As surgical treatment remains the first line in scar endometriosis with the least recurrence rate, endometrioma excision was performed with one cm margin clearance all around. As complete excision with a wide margin was done, postoperative hormone prophylaxis is not required for her. Six months follow-up did not show any recurrence.
Surgical treatment of type-II choledochal cyst: a case report
Authors: Zarco Arreola Karla I. , Olvera Casas Aldo , Bueno Vázquez Luis J. , Huitzil Palafox Selene Y.
Published: July 2022

Choledochal cyst is a pathology conditioned by a complex congenital malformation that involves different degrees of dilation of both the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct with a malignant tendency, these are reported more frequently in children, representing 1% of benign diseases of the biliary. Babbitt 's theory is the most frequently proposed theory and states that CCs (choledochal cysts) result from an anomalous pancreatobiliary junction (APBJ) where the pancreatic duct and bile duct connect 1-2 cm proximal to the sphincter of Oddi. In adults, the presentation is usually nonspecific and vague, with abdominal pain being the most common symptom. Surgical resection of cysts can significantly decrease the risk of malignancy and reduce associated complications. However, less attention has been paid to CC in adults, and its surgical parameters have been reported to be frequently controversial. This manuscript describes the clinical case of a Todani II choledochal cyst managed with surgical resection by laparotomy with Roux-en-Y biliodigestive reconstruction, obtaining satisfactory results.
Antioxidants as potential pharmacotherapeutic agents in managing male infertility
Authors: Braich Jarnail S. , Singh Surinder , Kamal Hemant
Published: July 2022

Globally, infertility affects 8-12% of couples of reproductive age. Infertility among males accounts for 20%-30% of global infertility cases. Most male infertility cases are idiopathic, with oxidative stress as the underlying mechanism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), in high concentrations, can outweigh the endogenous antioxidant capacity and interfere with male reproductive processes. Excess ROS levels adversely affect male fertility, but their physiological concentration is vital to mediate the normal sperm functions. The current review aims to evaluate the potential role of antioxidants in the pharmacotherapy of infertility among males.
A clinical study of lower limb cellulitis
Authors: Badipatla Venkata Narayana , Gurugubelli Srinivasa Rao , Chandra Mallapragada Rama , Teja Peela Laxmi , Bade Vagdevi , Erabati Santosh Raja
Published: July 2022

Background: Cellulitis is a soft tissue infection emerging as a major health issue in India. The aim of this study was to understand the incidence and associated causative factors of lower limb cellulits.Methods: This study was carried out at Department of General Surgery. This was a prospective, and NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, observational, clinical study included 100 patients who were admitted to the Visakhapatnam, with lower limb cellulitis. Period of study was between November 2017 to February 2022.Results: The average age of incidence in the present study was 54.6 years and major risk factor is trauma. Among them 44% had open wound and of them only 34% of patients had growth for bacteria. Of 100 patients,15% progressed to necrotizing fascitis. The rate of mortality was 3% which was attributed to elderly age, renal failure and sepsis.Conclusions: Hospital stay in cellulitis harness the years of healthy life leading to a reduction in income, aggravation of poverty levels and reduction in socioeconomic development of an individual. Proper understanding of the risk factors and factors associated with the complications of lower limb cellulitis will help healthcare professionals in implementing preventive strategies and consequently curb both the financial and health burden associated with the disease.
Long-term effect of subcutaneous treprostinil in patients with pulmonary hypertension: rationale and design of the phase IV, multicentre, observational TREPAR-HP study
Authors: Lescano Adrián , Atamañuk Nicolás , Bortman Guillermo , Cáneva Jorge , Diez Mirta , Giacomi Guillermo , Lema Luís , Perna Eduardo R.
Published: July 2022

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic, progressive condition with high morbidity and mortality due to right heart (RH) failure. Prognosis depends on RH adaptability and remodelling in response to increased pulmonary arterial pressure. There is little information regarding risk variables and prognostic factors in the Argentinian population, current risk scores have not been validated, and its impact on free-event survival is still unknown. Prostacyclin analogues are the first-line treatment for high-risk patients. However, there is limited evidence on its clinical benefits, long-term effects, and impact on RH remodelling in the Argentinian population.

Methods: The study was designed as a national, multicentre, prospective, observational, phase IV study including 100 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, treated with subcutaneous treprostinil and followed up for 48 months. The study will be conducted in parallel with the patients' standard management and treatment in each centre. The primary objective is to assess the long-term improvement or reversal of RH remodelling (RHRR) parameters obtained by echocardiography. Secondary objectives include the evaluation of the prognostic value of RHRR parameters and the rate of clinical events, the treatment effect in terms of pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricle systolic function, morbidity and all-cause mortality, quality of life, and safety and tolerability.

Conclusions: This study will help to determine the clinical benefits, long-term effects, and impact on RH remodelling of prostacyclin analogues in Argentina.

Trial registration: The trial was registered at Registro Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud (RENIS) in Argentina (https://sisa.msal.gov.ar/sisa/#sisa; registration number IS003303).
Key barriers against racial and ethnic minority participation in U.S. clinical trials
Authors: Bae Ashley S.
Published: July 2022

Despite the United States’ (U.S.) longstanding history of promoting a melting pot nation of people from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds all capable of achieving the American Dream, it is argued that the U.S. is failing to deliver high quality healthcare to all of its constituents equally. The widely seen health disparities of ethnic minority groups endure has extended into the parallel field of clinical research and clinical trials. There is a staggering gap between the percentage of White clinical trial participants compared to clinical trial participants of racially and ethnically diverse minority groups in U.S. clinical trials. Underrepresentation of minority groups in clinical trials dismisses opportunities to identify potential serious sub-group safety or efficacy signals, open doors to access life-saving treatments, and ultimately improve the standard of evidence-based medicine in the United States. Current literature on this issue frequently reiterates the following five key barriers underrepresented minority groups face against clinical trial participation: mistrust, lack of awareness and access, cultural and language barriers, investigator and provider bias, and financial burdens. A deeper dive into understanding each barrier will be critical in implementing changes with actions and in perspectives in order to address the issue of poor racial and ethnic representation in clinical trial populations.
Uptake of modern family planning methods among women receiving spontaneous post abortion care at Kuajok hospital, South Sudan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Majok Samuel Ajiek , Makunyi Eliphas Gitonga
Published: July 2022

Background: Improving women’s health through modern family planning to spontaneous post abortion care is a key to prevent unwanted pregnancy immediately after miscarriage, world health organization indicates that spacing for six months period following miscarriage prevent earlier pregnancy. South Sudan ranks the lowest country with the prevalence rate of 5.5% nationwide. This study helped to uncover the factors contribute to the low uptake of modern family planning options among spontaneous post abortion patients in Kuajok hospital, provide evidence to ministry of health, policy makers and health care providers to improve modern family planning services.Methods: study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional designed and data was collected from spontaneous post abortion patients to determine the prevalence in the study area.Results: Urban and rural have difference choice of modern family planning a total of 38.4% (481) of post abortion women had sort care at the hospital in the past one year revealed that they preferred modern family planning over the other methods. With a total of 17.9% (224) women utilized pills to manage their family sizes, while injectable accounted for 8.6% (108) used of modern family planning among spontaneous post abortion women in that year. The study also noted that male condom was equally popular as a preferred among population at 11.9% (149). Female condoms and cervical diaphragm were unpopular and none patients used them.Conclusions: Ministry of health, policy makers to increase awareness on modern family planning to spontaneous post abortions patients.
Falls efficacy scale international or elderly in Maharashtra: cross cultural adaptation and validation assessment
Authors: Shaikh Atiya A. , Gupta Nimesh A. , Banpel Janki , Deshmukh Devaki , Iyer Saraswati
Published: July 2022

Background: Aim of the study was to translate falls efficacy scale international (FES-I) in Marathi and to evaluate the translation on the basis of test-retest reliability, internal consistency, concurrent validity for elderly in Maharashtra.Methods: The study was divided in 2 phases. Phase 1: Translation of FES-I following translation back translation method following ProFane guidelines. Phase 2: Psychometric testing of the new version. In phase 1 translation in to Marathi and back. The 507 participants were included for the study. Activity specific balance scale was used to as a gold standard for criterion validity and Berg balance scale was used for construct validity.Results: Study had 53.3% of male and 43.7% of female participant. The validity (Cronbach alpha and ICC) and reliability (Spearman coefficient value) of the scale is excellent.Conclusions: FES-I (M) has excellent reliability and good validity. Hence this scale can be used to assess fear of falls in Maharashtrian elderly.
Ethical and legal perspective of surrogacy in India
Authors: Jha Tanvi , Deept Madhusmita
Published: July 2022

Surrogacy is an important alternative method of reproduction where traditional methods are not possible. However, several legal, ethical, medical and economic arguments have been made against this practice. Recent developments in the legal framework governing surrogacy aimed to answer these questions. Through the introduction of the surrogacy (regulation) bill 2019 provisions have been made to regulate centers providing surrogacy, preauthorization of surrogacy contracts and make a complete mental and physical evaluation of surrogates prior to entering the contract mandatory. However, the bill completely prohibits commercial and international surrogacy providing the vacuum for creation of other possible problems. Hence, there is still a need to find a balance between the ethical, legal, scientific and social aspects of surrogacy.
Assessment of demographic characteristics of patients with tuberculosis and treatment profile of revised national tuberculosis control programme in Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal
Authors: Ghosh Kalyan , Lama Manoj
Published: July 2022

Background: Tuberculosis is a communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria spread by droplet infection. India is classified to be among those with a high TB burden, contributing 26% of the total TB cases, globally. The objective of this study is to access the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with tuberculosis to determine the nature of disease, its co-morbidities, and treatment profile of the patients attending the revised National TB control programme clinics.Method: This study was carried out with data collection from the District Tuberculosis Office (DTO) section of Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal. Data relevant to the study were collected for four consecutive years, from 2017 to 2020, and were analysed using suitable statistical software.Results: In the year 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, there were 6569, 5534, 5964 and 4012 reported cases of TB, respectively. Out of the total cases, 73.78% were male patients. It was observed that 97.24% patients were aged ≥15. Majority of the patients, 73.97%, had pulmonary TB. 1.92% cases had drug resistance tuberculosis (DRTB). The comorbid conditions associated with TB revealed that 7.58% TB patients had diabetes and only 0.48% cases had TB-HIV. The rate of successful treatment was 88.49%. The average rate of mortality was found to be 5.27% of reported cases.Conclusions: There was a significantly high proportion of male patients afflicted with TB in the region under study and the patients ≥15 years were mostly affected. The average rate of mortality was had increased in each year from 2017 to 2020.