bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical visit: Enfield Golf Course flood storage reservoir
Authors: White Richard
Published: February 2015

In July, the British Dam Society was invited to a presentation and tour of the construction site at Enfield Golf Course flood storage reservoir, north London. The reservoir forms part of the Salmons Brook Flood Alleviation Scheme with the Environment Agency as client, Halcrow (now CH2M Hill) as designer and Volker Stevin as contractor.
A presença feminina na instituição do ensino superior no interior da Bahia
Authors: Santos Ana Maria Fontes dos
Published: February 2015

Neste artigo procura-se enfocar as diferentes trajetórias de inserção de professoras licenciadas que protagonizaram os primórdios da implantação do ensino superior estadual em Feira de Santana, Bahia. Nesta cidade, em 1968, passou a funcionar a primeira faculdade de formação de professores destinada ao interior do Estado, implantada como Faculdade Estadual de Educação (FEEFS). As referências centrais do estudo são os percursos de três professoras que adentraram ao campo universitário interiorano a partir de diferentes lugares no campo científico e político, identificadas como portadoras de diferentes formas de capital simbólico no âmbito das lutas de instituição do referido campo. O fio condutor da abordagem enfatiza os matizes de sombreamento e exposição de agentes femininos enquanto precursoras, como se situavam no contexto das relações de força que permearam a implantação do ensino superior na cidade. Conclui-se que a inserção da mulher com formação em licenciatura no mercado de trabalho foi uma necessidade imposta por fatores econômicos do período. Ao lado de fontes variadas, a perspectiva metodológica contempla a memória, referenciada em autores da história cultural e nos estudos de Bourdieu na abordagem dos conceitos de campo e de capital.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Incident Heart Failure Among a Community-Based Sample of US Veterans
Authors: Roy Samit S. , Foraker Randi E. , Girton Richard A. , Mansfield Alyssa J.
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We investigated the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and incident heart failure in a community-based sample of veterans.

Methods. We examined Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System outpatient medical records for 8248 veterans between 2005 and 2012. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the development of heart failure by PTSD status.

Results. Over a mean follow-up of 7.2 years, veterans with PTSD were at increased risk for developing heart failure (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13, 1.92) compared with veterans without PTSD after adjustment for age, gender, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, body mass index, combat service, and military service period. Additional predictors for heart failure included age (HR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.07), diabetes (HR = 2.54; 95% CI = 2.02, 3.20), hypertension (HR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.42, 2.46), overweight (HR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.36), obesity (HR = 3.43; 95% CI = 2.50, 4.70), and combat service (HR = 4.99; 95% CI = 1.29, 19.38).

Conclusions. Ours is the first large-scale longitudinal study to report an association between PTSD and incident heart failure in an outpatient sample of US veterans. Prevention and treatment efforts for heart failure and its associated risk factors should be expanded among US veterans with PTSD.
Squeezing Blood From a Stone: How Income Inequality Affects the Health of the American Workforce
Authors: Williams Jessica Allia R. , Rosenstock Linda
Published: February 2015

Income inequality is very topical—in both political and economic circles—but although income and socioeconomic status are known determinants of health status, income inequality has garnered scant attention with respect to the health of US workers. By several measures, income inequality in the United States has risen since 1960. In addition to pressures from an increasingly competitive labor market, with cash wages losing out to benefits, workers face pressures from changes in work organization.

We explored these factors and the mounting evidence of income inequality as a contributing factor to poorer health for the workforce.

Although political differences may divide the policy approaches undertaken, addressing income inequality is likely to improve the overall social and health conditions for those affected.
Effect of US Health Policies on Health Care Access for Marshallese Migrants
Authors: McElfish Pearl Anna , Hallgren Emily , Yamada Seiji
Published: February 2015

The Republic of the Marshall Islands is a sovereign nation previously under the administrative control of the United States. Since 1986, the Compacts of Free Association (COFA) between the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the United States allows Marshall Islands citizens to freely enter, lawfully reside, and work in the United States, and provides the United States exclusive military control of the region.

When the COFA was signed, COFA migrants were eligible for Medicaid and other safety net programs. However, these migrants were excluded from benefits as a consequence of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act.

Currently, COFA migrants have limited access to health care benefits in the United States, which perpetuates health inequalities.
Investing in Justice: Ethics, Evidence, and the Eradication Investment Cases for Lymphatic Filariasis and Onchocerciasis
Authors: Bailey Theodore C. , Merritt Maria W. , Tediosi Fabrizio
Published: February 2015

It has been suggested that initiatives to eradicate specific communicable diseases need to be informed by eradication investment cases to assess the feasibility, costs, and consequences of eradication compared with elimination or control.

A methodological challenge of eradication investment cases is how to account for the ethical importance of the benefits, burdens, and distributions thereof that are salient in people’s experiences of the diseases and related interventions but are not assessed in traditional approaches to health and economic evaluation.

We have offered a method of ethical analysis grounded in theories of social justice. We have described the method and its philosophical rationale and illustrated its use in application to eradication investment cases for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, 2 neglected tropical diseases that are candidates for eradication.
Systematic Review of Racial Disparities in Human Papillomavirus–Associated Anal Dysplasia and Anal Cancer Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Walsh Tim , Bertozzi-Villa Clara , Schneider John A.
Published: February 2015

We systematically reviewed the literature on anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, dysplasia, and cancer among Black and White men who have sex with men (MSM) to determine if a racial disparity exists. We searched 4 databases for articles up to March 2014.

Studies involving Black MSM are nearly absent from the literature. Of 25 eligible studies, 2 stratified by race and sexual behavior. Both reported an elevated rate of abnormal anal outcomes among Black MSM. White MSM had a 1.3 times lower prevalence of group-2 HPV (P < .01) and nearly 13% lower prevalence of anal dysplasia than did Black MSM.

We were unable to determine factors driving the absence of Black MSM in this research and whether disparities in clinical care exist. Elevated rates of abnormal anal cytology among Black MSM in 2 studies indicate a need for future research in this population.
Reducing Sugary Drink Consumption: New York City’s Approach
Authors: Kansagra Susan M. , Kennelly Maura O. , Nonas Cathy A. , Curtis Christine J. , Van Wye Gretchen , Goodman Andrew , Farley Thomas A.
Published: February 2015

Studies have linked the consumption of sugary drinks to weight gain, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Since 2006, New York City has taken several actions to reduce consumption.

Nutrition standards limited sugary drinks served by city agencies. Mass media campaigns educated New Yorkers on the added sugars in sugary drinks and their health impact. Policy proposals included an excise tax, a restriction on use of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits, and a cap on sugary drink portion sizes in food service establishments.

These initiatives were accompanied by a 35% decrease in the number of New York City adults consuming one or more sugary drinks a day and a 27% decrease in public high school students doing so from 2007 to 2013.
Seismic Design of Steel Frames Equipped by Control Devices
Authors: G. Pnevmatikos Nikos , Hatzigeorgiou George
Published: February 2015

The design philosophy of EC8 is to ensure that in the event of the design earthquake, human lives are protected
and no collapse will occur, while extended damages will be observed. This is achieved by ductility and capacity design.
This design philosophy drives to an additional cost for repairing damage of structures. On the other hand, it is costly and
uneconomic to design structures behaving in elastic range, especially under high level of earthquake excitation. An alternative
direction to this strategy, which is examined in this paper, is to design a controlled structure capable to resist a design
earthquake loads, remaining in elastic range and thus without damage. The idea behind this philosophy is that one
portion of earthquake loading will be resisted by a control system while the rest will be resisted by the structure. The
structure, initially, is analyzed and designed according to the current codes. The elastic and design earthquake forces are
first calculated according to the elastic and the design spectrum. The required control forces are calculated as the difference
between elastic and design forces. The maximum value of capacity of control devices is then compared with the required
control force. If the capacity of the controlled devices is higher than the required control force then the control devices
are accepted and installed to the structure. Then, the structure is designed according to the design forces. In the case
where the maximum available control device capacity is lower than the demanded control force then an additional portion
of control forces should be resisted by the building. In that case, an iterative procedure is proposed and a scale factor, 􀀁,
that reduces the elastic response spectrum to a new design spectrum, is calculated. The structure is redesigned based on
the new design spectrum and then the devices are installed to the structure. The proposed procedure imposes that the controlled
structure will behave elastically for the design earthquake and no damage will occur, consequently no additional
repair cost will be needed. An initial cost of buying and installing the control devices is required. In order to ensure that
the controlled structure behaves elastically, a dynamic control analysis with saturation and time delay control is performed.
Following the proposed procedure the numerical results show that the structure remains in elastic and no damage
occurs.
Bilateral congenital cholesteatoma of the temporal bone in Crouzon syndrome
Authors: Djeric Dragoslava , Cvorovic Ljiljana , Blazic Srbislav
Published: February 2015

Introduction. Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disease
characterized by bicoronal craniosynostosis, exorbitism with hypertelorism,
and maxillary hypoplasia with mandibular prognathism. Case Outline. We
present the first reported case of Crouzon syndrome associated with a
bilateral congenital cholesteatoma of the temporal bone and discuss about
the potential pathogenesis. Conclusion. Early diagnosis and management are
crucial to prevent complications and an otologist should be an integral part
of the multidisciplinary team.
Surgical treatment of median arcuate ligament syndrome: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Kotarac Milutin , Radovanovic Nebojsa , Lekic Nebojsa , Raznatovic Zoran , Djordjevic Vladimir , Lekic Dragana , Sagic Dragan
Published: February 2015

Introduction. Median arcuate ligament (MAL) syndrome, also called celiac
trunk compression syndrome (CACS) or Dunbar syndrome is a rare disorder
caused by compression of the celiac artery by median arcuate ligament of the
diaphragm, which leads to mesenteric ischemia and chronic abdominal angina.
The typical clinical triad of symptoms includes postprandial epigastric pain,
weight loss and vomiting. The gold standard for MAL syndrome diagnosis is
selective angiography, while in symptomatic patients with angiographically
verified stenosis the optimal therapy is surgical treatment. Case Outline. A
40-year-old male patient was presented with epigastric pain, followed by
dyspepsia and weight loss. The upper endoscopy showed gastric and duodenal
distention with prominent folds of gastric mucosa and slow peristalsis.
Selective angiography showed stenosis (90%) of initial segment of the celiac
trunk. Adhesiolysis with the transection of the median arcuate ligament was
performed. Due to repeated symptoms, the patient was reoperated on the 10th
postoperative day with performed adhesiolysis and gastrostomy for gastric
nutrition. Two months later, the patient was rehospitalized for closure of
gastrostomy. At five years follow-up, selective angiography showed no
stenosis of the initial segment of the celiac artery. Conclusion. Despite the
existing controversy concerning pathophysiological mechanism, the clinical
presentation and treatment modalities of patients with MAL syndrome, it is
evident that careful selection and adequate surgical treatment may
significantly reduce symptoms in these patients.
Efficacy of long-acting somatostatin analogs in recurrent variceal bleeding in a patient with pre-hepatic portal vein thrombosis
Authors: Alempijevic Tamara , Balovic Ana , Pavlovic-Markovic Aleksandra , Tarabar Dino , Krstic Miodrag , Miljic Predrag , Bjelovic Milos
Published: February 2015

Introduction. Bleeding from esophageal varices is a serious medical problem
because of the risk of recurrent bleeding and high mortality rate (17-54%).
Gastroesophageal varices develop in 50% of cirrhotic patients with portal
hypertension, but can also develop in other pre- or post-hepatic causes of
portal hypertension. Case report. We reported a 48-year-old female patient
with portal hypertension caused by mesenterial vein thrombosis due to
congenital thrombophilia. The patient was hospitalized several times because
of recurrent gastroesophageal bleeding. Thrombosis of portal, lienal and
mesenteric veins was diagnosed using multislice computed tomography (MSCT)
angiography. Sclerotherapy and/or variceal ligation could not be used due to
variceal size and distribution. Beta blockers were ineffective. Balloon
tamponade and octreotide were used in each massive bleeding episode.
Carvedilol therapy was introduced but rebleeding occured. Surgical treatment
was considered a high risk procedure due to massive thrombosis of mesenterial
veins, patient's general condition and high risk of postoperative thrombotic
events. Thus, long-acting somatostatin analogue - Sandostatin? LAR was
initiated at a dose of 30 mg im/month. The patient responded to the therapy
well and variceal bleeding did not occur for the following 3 months. After 3
months another episode of gastric variceal hemorrhage occurred and surgical
treatment was reconsidered. Total gastrectomy was performed in order to
prevent repeated bleeding from large gastric varices and the patient
recovered successfully, and after 1 year is symptom-free. Conclusion.
Long-lasting somatostatin analogue was used for the first time in treatment
of gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage in the patient with prehepatic portal
hyperten-sion. It was effective as temporary therapeutic option allowing the
improvement of the patients general condition and adequate planning of
elective surgical procedure. Futher reports are needed in order to compare
efficacy in treatment of patients with variceal bleeding, where poor outcome
is expected.
Numerical Simulation of Crater Creating Process in Dynamic Replacement Method by Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Danilewicz Andrzej , Sikora Zbigniew
Published: February 2015

A theoretical base of SPH method, including the governing equations, discussion of importance of the smoothing function length, contact formulation, boundary treatment and finally utilization in hydrocode simulations are presented. An application of SPH to a real case of large penetrations (crater creating) into the soil caused by falling mass in Dynamic Replacement Method is discussed. An influence of particles spacing on method accuracy is presented. An example calculated by LS-DYNA software is discussed. Chronological development of Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics is presented. Theoretical basics of SPH method stability and consistency in SPH formulation, artificial viscosity and boundary treatment are discussed. Time integration techniques with stability conditions, SPH+FEM coupling, constitutive equation and equation of state (EOS) are presented as well.
Analysis of the Vibration Propagation in the Subsoil
Authors: Jastrzębska Małgorzata , Łupieżowiec Marian , Uliniarz Rafał , Jaroń Artur
Published: February 2015

The paper presents in a comprehensive way issues related to propagation in a soil environment of vibrations originating during sheet piling vibratory driving. Considerations carried out comprised the FEM analysis of initial-boundary behaviour of the subsoil during impacts accompanying the works performed. The analysis has used the authors' RU+MCC constitutive model, which can realistically describe complex deformation characteristics in soils in the field of small strains, which accompany the phenomenon of shock propagation. The basis for model creation and for specification of material parameters of the presented model consisted of first-class tests performed in a triaxial apparatus using proximity detectors guaranteeing a proper measurement of strains ranging from 10-1 to 10-3% and bender elements. Results obtained from numerical analyses were confronted with results of field tests consisting in measurements of acceleration amplitudes generated on the ground surface due to technological impacts versus the distance from vibration source.
X-Ray Microtomography (μCT) as a Useful Tool for Visualization and Interpretation of Shear Strength Test Results
Authors: Stefaniuk Damian , Tankiewicz Matylda , Stróżyk Joanna
Published: February 2015

The paper demonstrates the applicability of X-ray microtomography (ìCT) to analysis of the results of shear strength examinations of clayey soils. The method of X-ray three-dimensional imaging offers new possibilities in soil testing. The work focuses on a non-destructive method of evaluation of specimen quality used in shear tests and mechanical behavior of soil. The paper presents the results of examination of 4 selected clayey soils. Specimens prepared for the triaxial test have been scanned using ìCT before and after the triaxial compression tests. The shear strength parameters of the soils have been estimated. Changes in soil structure caused by compression and shear failure have been presented as visualizations of the samples tested. This allowed for improved interpretation and evaluation of soil strength parameters and recognition of pre-existing fissures and the exact mode of failure. Basic geometrical parameters have been determined for selected cross-sections of specimens after failure. The test results indicate the utility of the method applied in soil testing.
Fine-Tuning the Sonic Color-line: Radio and the Acousmatic Du Bois
Authors: Stoever Jennifer Lynn
Published: February 2015

In this essay, I perform archival work on W. E. B. Du Bois's little known history with American radio in tandem with literary analysis to rethink how we have understood The Souls of Black Folk (1903) and Dusk of Dawn (1940) as sonic texts. First, I re-examine ‘the Veil’, Du Bois's famous conception of the color-line in Souls, as an acousmatic device, an aural epistemology dependent on deliberately masking the source of one's voice to avoid the distortion caused by visual representation. Then, I contextualize Du Bois's second autobiographical work, Dusk of Dawn, within early 1940s radio culture in the U.S.A., more specifically the emergence of colorblind discourse developed alongside dominant understandings of radio as an acousmatic medium masking race. In Dusk of Dawn, Du Bois moves away from the color-line, a linear and visual metaphor, to the vacuum chamber, a more complex, diffuse, and aural figuration and, I argue, a sonic metaphor borrowed from his frustratingly racialized experiences with radio in an increasingly segregated United States. Exploring Du Bois's shifting theorizations of race and its expressions through acousmatic sound allows us to place segregation at the heart of the modernist rhetoric of technological innovation and understand how the ‘sonic color-line’ functioned as an important dynamic of the so-called ‘Golden Age’ of American broadcasting.
The Development of Rocketry Capability in New Zealand—World Record Rocket and First of Its Kind Rocketry Course
Authors: Buchanan George , Wright David , Hann Christopher , Bryson Hoani , Snowdon Malcolm , Rao Avinash , Slee Adam , Sültrop Hans , Jochle-Rings Bastian , Barker Zane , McKinstry Abigail , Meffan Claude , Xian George , Mitchell Ryan , Chen XiaoQi
Published: February 2015

The University of Canterbury has developed a rocket research group, UC Rocketry, which recently broke the world altitude record for an I-class motor (impulse of 320–640 Ns) and has run a rocketry course for the first time in New Zealand. This paper discusses the development and results of the world record rocket “Milly” and details all the fundamental elements of the rocketry final year engineering course, including the manufacturing processes, wind tunnel testing, avionics, control and the final rocket launch of “Smokey”. The rockets Milly and Smokey are an example of the design, implementation and testing methodologies that have significantly contributed to research and graduates for New Zealand’s space program.
Physiological and Psychological Effects on High School Students of Viewing Real and Artificial Pansies
Authors: Igarashi Miho , Aga Mariko , Ikei Harumi , Namekawa Takafumi , Miyazaki Yoshifumi
Published: February 2015

The relaxation effects of gardening have attracted attention; however, very few studies have researched its physiological effects on humans. This study aimed to clarify the physiological and psychological effects on high school students of viewing real and artificial pansies. Forty high school students (male: 19, female: 21) at Chiba Prefectural Kashiwanoha Senior High School, Japan, participated in this experiment. The subjects were presented with a visual stimulation of fresh yellow pansies (Viola x wittrockiana “Nature Clear Lemon”) in a planter for 3 min. Artificial yellow pansies in a planter were used as the control. Heart rate variability was used as a physiological measurement and the modified semantic differential method was used for subjective evaluation. Compared with artificial pansies, visual stimulation with real flowers resulted in a significant decrease in the ratio of low- to high-frequency heart rate variability component, which reflects sympathetic nerve activity. In contrast, high frequency, which reflects parasympathetic nerve activity, showed no significant difference. With regard to the psychological indices, viewing real flowers resulted in “comfortable”, “relaxed”, and “natural” feelings. The findings indicate that visual stimulation with real pansies induced physiological and psychological relaxation effects in high school students.
Categorization and Conversions for Indexing Methods of Discrete Global Grid Systems
Authors: Amiri Ali , Samavati Faramarz , Peterson Perry
Published: February 2015

Digital Earth frameworks provide a tool to receive, send and interact with large location-based datasets, organized usually according to Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS). In DGGS, an indexing method is used to assign a unique index to each cell of a global grid, and the datasets corresponding to these cells are retrieved or allocated using this unique index. There exist many methods to index cells of DGGS. Toward facility, interoperability and also defining a “standard” for DGGS, a conversion is needed to translate a dataset from one DGGS to another. In this paper, we first propose a categorization of indexing methods of DGGS and then define a general conversion method from one indexing to another. Several examples are presented to describe the method.
Augustine, Addiction and Lent: A Pedagogic Exercise
Authors: Johnson Maria
Published: February 2015

The article describes a series of pedagogic exercises developed to help students in a General Education course at a Jesuit university to engage fruitfully with Augustine’s Confessions in a way that will facilitate and deepen their understanding of a classic text of the Western tradition and, at the same time, promote their personal formation in keeping with the goals of Ignatian pedagogy.
Centipede Venom: Recent Discoveries and Current State of Knowledge
Authors: Undheim Eivind , Fry Bryan , King Glenn
Published: February 2015

Centipedes are among the oldest extant venomous predators on the planet. Armed with a pair of modified, venom-bearing limbs, they are an important group of predatory arthropods and are infamous for their ability to deliver painful stings. Despite this, very little is known about centipede venom and its composition. Advances in analytical tools, however, have recently provided the first detailed insights into the composition and evolution of centipede venoms. This has revealed that centipede venom proteins are highly diverse, with 61 phylogenetically distinct venom protein and peptide families. A number of these have been convergently recruited into the venoms of other animals, providing valuable information on potential underlying causes of the occasionally serious complications arising from human centipede envenomations. However, the majority of venom protein and peptide families bear no resemblance to any characterised protein or peptide family, highlighting the novelty of centipede venoms. This review highlights recent discoveries and summarises the current state of knowledge on the fascinating venom system of centipedes.
Preliminary Estimation of Deoxynivalenol Excretion through a 24 h Pilot Study
Authors: Rodríguez-Carrasco Yelko , Mañes Jordi , Berrada Houda , Font Guillermina
Published: February 2015

A duplicate diet study was designed to explore the occurrence of 15 Fusarium mycotoxins in the 24 h-diet consumed by one volunteer as well as the levels of mycotoxins in his 24 h-collected urine. The employed methodology involved solvent extraction at high ionic strength followed by dispersive solid phase extraction and gas chromatography determination coupled to mass spectrometry in tandem. Satisfactory results in method performance were achieved. The method’s accuracy was in a range of 68%–108%, with intra-day relative standard deviation and inter-day relative standard deviation lower than 12% and 15%, respectively. The limits of quantitation ranged from 0.1 to 8 µg/Kg. The matrix effect was evaluated and matrix-matched calibrations were used for quantitation. Only deoxynivalenol (DON) was quantified in both food and urine samples. A total DON daily intake amounted to 49.2 ± 5.6 µg whereas DON daily excretion of 35.2 ± 4.3 µg was determined. DON daily intake represented 68.3% of the established DON provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI). Valuable preliminary information was obtained as regards DON excretion and needs to be confirmed in large-scale monitoring studies.
La politique de planification familiale au Sénégal : approche sanitaire et conflits de norme
Authors: Diallo Josephine
Published: February 2015

Donner ou refuser la contraception ? Le personnel de santé assure un rôle clé dans la délivrance des méthodes contraceptives et se voit en même temps confronté à une multitude de normes. Se basant sur une recherche de terrain à Dakar, cet article s’interroge sur le rôle de l’orientation de la politique contraceptive sénégalaise dans la gestion du carrefour normatif par le prestataire. Si le prisme sanitaire de la politique a pu légitimer un recours à la technologie pour un espacement des naissances, l’absence de toute notion de droit encourage le prestataire à agir comme filtre des demandes contraceptives. Nous argumentons que le prestataire ne se réfère pas automatiquement aux normes socioculturelles et religieuses. En s’appuyant sur la norme médicale forgée par la politique, il est parfois même prêt à aller à leur encontre. L’article vise à interroger le mythe de l’impuissance politique devant l’environnement socioculturel et tente d’ouvrir des pistes pour une recherche engagée.
Politique de planification familiale au Cameroun : quelle place pour les jeunes ?
Authors: Ngo Mayack Josiane
Published: February 2015

Au Cameroun, les jeunes de 15-24 ans représentent une tranche de la population particulièrement exposée aux risques liés à l’activité sexuelle. La sexualité et la fécondité précoces, la pratique d’avortements clandestins, l’exposition au VIH-SIDA fragilisent la santé de cette sous-population. À partir d’une analyse des choix politiques et programmatiques effectués par les décideurs politiques, cet article questionne la prise en compte des besoins de santé sexuelle et reproductive des jeunes au Cameroun. La situation est telle que les réponses politiques, les mentalités et les comportements en matière de sexualité et de fécondité évoluent à des rythmes différents.
La conciliation, une procédure locale de contournement d'une norme juridique : l'expérience des droits reproductifs autour de l'avortement au Cameroun
Authors: Ngo Yebga Noël Solange
Published: February 2015

Les droits reproductifs ont suscité un intérêt certain au niveau international depuis la décennie 1990. Avec la Conférence internationale sur la population et le développement du Caire en 1994, il a surtout été question de garantir, d’assurer et de protéger les droits liés à la reproduction de tous les individus, surtout les femmes et à l’avortement médicalisé (en termes d’accès aux services, aux conseils ou aux informations, par exemple) si la loi l’autorise. Bien que ces recommandations fournissent un cadre d’intervention, leur mise en œuvre par les institutions locales ou leurs représentants est confrontée à des difficultés de terrain. C’est à travers le cas du Cameroun que nous allons illustrer le décalage entre les recommandations et leur mise en œuvre, notamment en matière d’avortement, pratique fortement encadrée dans ce pays. Le recours à une procédure locale (ici la conciliation) dans le cas de l’avortement par des responsables des services judiciaires, bien que non indiquée par le code pénal camerounais, traduit la difficulté de mise en œuvre des recommandations relatives aux droits reproductifs et à la protection des droits reproductifs des femmes à l’échelle locale.
Contraception et stérilisation des jeunes femmes au Brésil
Authors: Da Silva Cabral Cristiane
Published: February 2015

Au Brésil, la situation démographique actuelle est marquée par une fécondité précoce. La stérilisation des femmes est souvent désignée comme la cause et la conséquence de ce scénario. L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre « le choix » de la stérilisation volontaire ainsi que ses liens avec la sexualité. Nous avons réalisé une étude qualitative afin d’analyser, au travers de trajectoires biographiques, les parcours contraceptifs des jeunes femmes ayant fait une ligature des trompes. Prévenir la grossesse n’est pas la seule motivation du choix de cette méthode contraceptive. Dans certaines biographies, la stérilisation représente une stratégie visant à stabiliser un itinéraire reproductif souvent marqué par une certaine irrégularité dans l’utilisation des méthodes contraceptives. Chez d’autres femmes, elle est liée à une plus grande autonomie dans la sphère sexuelle ou à une tentative de discipliner leurs corps. L’illégalité de l’avortement et les conditions d’accès à la stérilisation féminine sont les marques d’un contrôle du corps féminin et révèlent le conflit politique et idéologique existant autour de deux actes – avortement et stérilisation féminine – qui sont loin d’être uniquement biologiques.
Surrogacy from a reproductive rights perspective : the case of India
Authors: Rozée Gomez Virginie , Unisa Sayeed
Published: February 2015

La gestation pour autrui, comme nouvelle technique de reproduction, est une pratique de plus en plus utilisée et un sujet d’actualité particulièrement discuté sur la scène transnationale. Elle fait l’objet de nombreuses controverses car elle induit désormais des relations complexes entre des populations riches du Nord et des populations plus vulnérables du Sud. La littérature à ce sujet aborde essentiellement les aspects éthiques, médicaux et familiaux de la pratique dans les pays occidentaux. Les études sur la gestation pour autrui dans les pays du Sud sont plus rares. L’objectif de l’article est ainsi d’analyser la gestation pour autrui dans le Sud depuis la perspective des droits reproductifs : si l’on se réfère aux définitions rédigées au Caire et à Beijing, la gestation pour autrui peut-elle être analysée comme un droit reproductif ? L’Inde est un cas intéressant pour une telle analyse car le pays est devenu un leader international en matière de gestation pour autrui. La question de cette pratique en Inde est discutée à partir de trois études de terrain basées sur des entretiens menés auprès de gestatrices : les études de A. Pande à Ahmedabad (2006-2008), de S. Saravanan au Gujarat (2009) et de S. Rudrappa au Bangalore (2011-2012).
Participation, self-esteem and self-concept in adolescent equestrian athletes
Authors: Davies E. , Collins R.
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sport participation, global self-esteem and physical self-concept in female adolescent equestrian athletes. 239 participants (239 females aged 12-20 years old, 15.96±2.422 years) completed the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) and a modified version of the Sport Activity Questionnaire through an online survey. Seven of the original 11 PSDQ subscales were chosen to be analysed: physical activity, body fat, sports competence, global physical self-concept, appearance, flexibility and global self-esteem. Global self-esteem and appearance were significantly affected by participant age (H(2) = 7.27, P<0.05 and H(2) = 9.58, P<0.01, respectively). Physical activity was significantly affected by discipline (H(4) = 13.39, P<0.05). Implications of these findings suggest that equestrian sport could act as a contributor to self-esteem in female adolescents and as such more emphasis on psychosocial development within the British Equestrian Federation's Long Term Athlete Development programme (LTAD) and the training of equestrian coaches needs to be implemented by governing bodies.
Strategies to Transform the Foreign Language Classroom and Increase Learning Outcomes with the Flipped Model
Authors: Granados-Bezi Esperanza
Published: February 2015

The scaffolds of American colleges and universities can no longer protect our institutions from the winds of change that penetrate their walls and appear to be threatening their foundations. They also seem incapable of protecting faculties from persistent criticism due to unsatisfactory performance and reluctance to modify educational approaches to meet society's current demands. This chapter reviews some of the most common concerns pertaining not only to the quality of higher education in general but also to that of foreign language teaching in particular. It analyzes the reasons that there is a general sense of dissatisfaction with the results of traditional practices to language learning and discusses the benefits of implementing the flipped model to enhance the quality of instruction. In addition, it underlines the importance of adopting innovative technologies to increase language development in a world in which instructors are expected to be more productive and students have to reach higher learning outcomes.
How Students in a First-Year Composition Course Respond to the Flipped Classroom
Authors: Grimsley Christina R.
Published: February 2015

This qualitative pilot study investigated how 19 students enrolled in an entry-level college writing course responded to the use of video technology to supplement and flip class curriculum. Students were provided 10 video podcasts to augment course content and flip four class lessons. Collected through six student surveys and video download data, the results, including students' podcast viewership behaviors and attitudes toward the videos, are presented. The data revealed the college writing students involved in this study were generally satisfied with the flipped classroom and preferred it over the traditional lecture format. Download patterns indicated, however, less than half of the students watched the podcasts. Despite low viewership, the results suggest that the incorporation of video technology brings writing teachers opportunities to optimize class time by delving deeper into course content and by expanding the number of course assignments.
Preparing University Students for Flipped Learning
Authors: Cresap Linda
Published: February 2015

Flipped learning is a pedagogy that emphasizes higher levels of learning by inverting the traditional in-class faculty lecture and information-discovery phase with the typical out-of-class student practice phase through homework activities. In this chapter, the author shares experiences in creating and implementing flipped learning using traditional textbook reading out of class and active learning strategies in class. The initial experience of flipped learning led the author to determine that university students require preparation for flipped learning, especially when students are required to read the textbook as out-of-class preparation and to engage in collaborative activities in class. The purpose of this chapter is to provide strategies for preparing university students for flipped learning. A brief review of the literature related to flipped learning and a look at the author's initial flipped learning experience are reviewed to provide support for the need for student preparation.
Harnessing Technology to Help Students Reveal an Authentic Research Process
Authors: Beckelhimer Lisa
Published: February 2015

Screencasting and screen capture technologies have been used extensively by teachers in flipped instruction, placing students as passive recipients of knowledge. This chapter proposes a way to engage students as users of screen recording software in order to learn the research process. By visually recording various steps as they conduct research, students reveal authentic successes and mistakes in their research, ultimately resulting in an experiential understanding of an effective research process. The purpose of this chapter is to prepare teachers to implement this strategy as they teach students how to conduct research, and it includes software comparisons, suggestions for overcoming challenges, and benefits to students.
Coach Education and Learning
Authors: Koh Koon Teck , Chew Wai Cheong Eugene
Published: February 2015

The vocation of sports coaching has seen a significant growth across the globe (Taylor & Garratt, 2013). Accordingly, the need to professionalise coaching and to establish a framework for the development of the coaching profession has also been advocated by many scholars (Cushion et al., 2010; Lyle, 2002). The International Sports Coaching Framework (ISCF) jointly proposed by the International Council for Coaching Excellence, the Association of Summer Olympic International Federations, and Leeds Metropolitan University in 2012 has provided directions and systems for global coach education and development. Coaches need to continually learn and develop their craft to remain relevant and competent. Learning can be formal or informal and can happen through many forms such as experiential learning, reflection, study, and workshops/clinics (Cushion & Neslon, 2013). These diverse learning formats cater to individual differences and hence should be encouraged to develop coaches. Coach education is explored in this chapter.
Design and Early Simulations of Next Generation Intelligent Energy Systems
Authors: Fainti Rafik , Nasiakou Antonia , Tsoukalas Eleftherios , Vavalis Manolis
Published: February 2015

The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to briefly present the overall objectives and the expected outcome of an on-going effort concerning the design the implementation and the analysis of next generation intelligent energy systems based on anticipatory control and a set of ICT emerging technologies and innovations. Secondly, to describe an early proof-of-concept implementation and the preliminary experimentation of a simulation platform focused on holistic detailed studies of electric energy markets. The proposed platform allows us to elucidate issues related to the open and smart participation of producers and consumers on large-scale energy e-markets. Based on an existing simulation system we present the required theoretical studies, the enabling technologies, and the practical tools that contribute to the development of such a platform capable of truly large scale simulations that cover real life scenarios and stress most components and modules of next generation smart energy markets. Elements of game theory are utilized to solve the optimization problem related to the maximization of the social welfare of producers and consumers. Selected simulation results associated with the basic required characteristics of our platform are presented.
Unique Technical and Operational Collaboration to Complete One of World's Hottest Offshore Hydraulic Propped Fracturing Well
Authors: Barasia A. , Singh M. , Kasturia S. , Christiawan A. , Venkateshwaran R.
Published: February 2015

The main basin at East coast of India, Khrisna-Godavari (KG) Basin, is spreaded across more than 70,000 sqkm. on land, shallow and deep water and holds India's highest gas reserve. Deel Dayan East (DDE) field is part of KG Basin in which lay deep HPHT tight gas reservoir that with current drilling and completion technologies can be made viable. An offshore appraisal well was directionally drilled down in S-shaped to the depth of 18700 ft MD to appraise the hydrocarbon potential of Lower Cretaceous Early Rift Fill sequences which was encountered in one of the offset wells in the same field DDE Block.

Due to typical extremely tight nature of sandstone reservoir on deep gas well, hydraulic fracturing is the primary method and become inseparable technique to complete this well. Given its HPHT nature, with BHT up to 415F and insitu stress up to 16000 psi, also the complexity of hydraulic fracturing on limited space of Jack-up rig, the hydraulic propped fracturing project become extremely challenging, both technically and operationally. In addition the limited flexibility on logistic due to short drilling time constraint, made some available fracturing HPHT technology not an option for this project, and require creative domestic solution. There were 3 independent reservoir layer were hydraulically fracced till the end of the well project, and significant gas were tested on post fracture completion from none prior to fracture.

This paper illustrates the meticulous planning and preparation to design and execute the hydraulic propped fracturing for well testing appraisal purpose, as collaboration works from operator, fracturing services provider and other third party involved. The core objective of this paper is to capture all lesson learnt during this project delivery, review project operational and technical aspects, and summarize the recommendation and applicable techniques for the similar offshore HPHT hydraulic fracturing project in the future.
Real Time Logging of Sub-Hydrostatic Wells Using Concentric Coiled Tubing Technology
Authors: Ababou M. , Shote A. , Sturgeon T.
Published: February 2015

Historically, logging sub-hydrostatic wells to determine water entry points was restricted to a limited number of wells of a particular construction. These wells had to be dual-completion wells or 9 5/8-in. cased wells, able to accommodate dual-string completions. One string would be used for running the logging tool via coiled tubing or wireline, and the other would be used for artificial lift and produce the well while logging.

Single-completion wells were a challenge for production logging runs because two strings of tubing and and dual wellhead would be required, necessitating workover rig operations. However, for smaller cased holes such as 7- or 4 ½-in. casings, running a dual completion string is typically too complex or impossible. When operators had to determine water-entry points in fields with high water cuts, well intervention costs could become prohibitive to contemplate.

Instead, a conventional concentric coiled tubing (CCT) string can be transformed into a specialty CCT by adding an encapsulated single-conductor wire inside. The string can then be run with a modified vacuum bottomhole assembly and a logging tool to achieve production analysis and logging simultaneously.

Combining these two proven technologies into one solution is an economical way to produce the wells via the CCT and its vacuum BHA while logging the well in one run. It has economic benefits to operators by eliminating the high cost associated with installing dual completions and dual wellheads. It also enables logging in 7- and 4 ½-in. cased holes that were not accessible for production logging using prior technologies.

This paper will describe the revolutionary technology and case histories along with lessons learned. It will also describe in particular the applications of the technology for high-producing water wells.
An Advanced Placement Approach for Chemical Sand and Fines Control Using Zeta Potential Altering Chemistry
Authors: Singh Pratyush , Smith Kern , Rao Bharath
Published: February 2015

Sand and fines production is one of the oldest problems in petroleum industry and one of the toughest to solve. Today, many active and passive technologies and methods exist; in some cases some sand and fines production is manageable, while for others it cannot be tolerated at all. Also, many wells do not produce sand or fines from the onset and may not require an active sand control solution until later in their live. Chemical sand control solutions have been around for many years have always been attractive due to their ability to be installed without any restrictions to the well bore geometry. However, due to the difficulties with placement and in many cases their association with some degree of reduction in permeability there has been some reservation to use chemical methods as a standard. This paper presents a unique chemistry that not only increases the maximum sand/fines free rate without a significant reduction in permeability, but also discusses the advanced placement techniques essential for a successful application. This paper includes study of two hundred and fifty wells which has been treated by using zeta potential altering chemistry and shows analysis of both failed and successful applications and the lessons learned.