bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topological organization of the brain network in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma through graph theory analysis
Authors: Chen Ri-Bo , Li Xiao-Tong , Huang Xin
Published: April 2024

Purpose
Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is an irreversible blinding eye disease. Previous neuroimaging studies have reported abnormal brain function changes in PACG patients, but the potential association of PACG with changes in brain functional networks remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the impact of PACG on brain networks, with the goal of enhancing understanding of its neurobiological mechanisms for improved diagnosis and treatment through the application of graph theory analysis.
Method
A cohort comprising 44 PACG patients and 44 healthy controls was recruited for the study. Functional brain networks were constructed based on fMRI data utilizing the Automated Anatomical Labeling 90 template. Subsequently, graph theory analysis was conducted to assess global metrics, nodal metrics, modular organization, and network-based statistics(NBS), facilitating a comparative analysis between PACG patients and the control group.
Result
The global metrics( including small world and network efficiency) did not reveal significant differences between the two groups. However, PACG patients showed increased nodal metrics (including centrality and efficiency) in the left frontal superior medial, right frontal superior medial, and right posterior central brain regions, alongside decreased values in the right temporal superior gyrus region compared with health controls. Moreover, Module 5 demonstrated significant differences in intra-module connectivity, while significant variations in inter-module connectivity were observed between Module 1 and Module 7, as well as Module 1 and Module 8. Notably, the NBS analysis revealed a significantly modified network when comparing the PACG and HC groups.
Conclusion
the study suggests that PACG patients exhibit differences in nodal metrics and modularity of functional brain networks, with changes observed mainly in prefrontal, occipital, and temporal lobes, as well as cerebellar regions. However, global metrics analysis indicates that the global connectivity patterns of the entire brain network remain unchanged in PACG patients. These findings may serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PACG, and interventions targeting brain regions with high degree centrality and nodal efficiency may help to optimize therapeutic strategies.
Nasal Carriage Rate Of Staphylococcus aureus, Associated Factor And Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns Among Students Of Collage Of Health And Medical Science WITH Clinical Attachment
Authors: Shume Tadesse , Wolde Wondimagegn , Woldegebreal Fistum , Atele Daniel
Published: April 2024

Background: Staphylococcus aureus infections, including methicillin-resistant strains, are increasing globally. Medical students are at a higher risk of contracting this pathogen due to their close contact with health facilities during their clinical attachments. Limited studies exist in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia.
Objective: to assess the nasal carriage rate of S. aureus, associated factors, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns among students of Haramaya University, College of Health and Medicine Sciences students with clinical attachment, Harar Eastern Ethiopia from July 01 to August 30, 2022.
Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 250 study participants using a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected via structured questionnaires. Nasal swabs were cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar and Blood Agar at 37°C for 24 hours. Staphylococcus aureus was identified using catalase and coagulase tests. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was screened using the Cefoxitin disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 25 software. Chi-square test was used to determine factors associated with the nasal carriage of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In this study, Staphylococcus aureus prevalence was 8% (95% CI: 4.6%-11.3%) and Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus prevalence was 4.8% (95% CI: 2.1%-7.4%) among 250 participants. Significant factors for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage included nose-picking habit (P=0.001) and dormitory student count (P=0.05). MRSA strains displayed high resistance, with 100% resistance to Ampicillin and Penicillin, 66.7% to Tetracycline, 25% to Erythromycin and Ciprofloxacin, 16% to Co-trimoxazole and Gentamicin. Chloramphenicol and Clyndamycin showed complete susceptibility.
Conclusion: The study reveals significant MRSA prevalence with resistance to common antibiotics. Nasal carriage associates with nose-picking and dormitory size. Enhanced hygiene education and stringent antibiotic stewardship are recommended to mitigate MRSA spread, particularly in communal living environments.
Assessing Anxiety Levels Among Individuals With White Coat Hypertension Using the Beck Anxiety Inventory
Authors: Rehman Muhammad Zohaib , Noor Khushbakht
Published: April 2024

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of white coat hypertension in comparison to home-based blood pressure (BP) and anxiety levels in patients with white coat hypertensionusing the Beck Anxiety Inventory.
Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to April 2022 on people visiting OPDs at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. In-hospital and home blood pressure recording with anxiety inventory completion was performed with a sample size of 213 normotensives using a nonprobability convenience sampling technique. The data were recorded on a structured questionnaire with an anxiety scale and analyzed with IBM SPSS version 26 and MS Excel 2019. The data are presented in the form of tables and charts.
Results: Among 213 respondents aged 14-67 years [164 (77%) male and 49 (23%) female, 22 (10.3%) had a BP above 140/90 in the OPD, called white coat hypertension, and a BPbelow 140/90 at home.
The Beck Anxiety Index (BAI)score was 2 (9.1%) for minimal anxiety, 6 (27.3%) for mild anxiety, 12 (54.5%) for moderate anxiety and 2 (9.1%) for severe anxiety.
Conclusion: WCH has profound value due to its high incidenceand ability to predictprehypertension, CVD,and mTOD. This labile BP in the clinical environment can be falsely interpreted as causing unneeded pharmacological interventions to increase thephysical, mental, and financial agony of patients. Therefore, both medical staff and the public should be widely educated. Home-based BP measurements and ambulatory BPs may be preferred over these methods.
Electronic medical records system user satisfaction and its implications for individual work performance: The case of a university teaching hospital in Rwanda
Authors: UWAMUNGU Evode , Marara Alpha Arsene , Munyaneza Emmanuel , Pinney Joel
Published: April 2024

Information system user satisfaction has been extensively documented as a key component and a surrogate of success and a determinant of individual and organizational performance. However, most related studies have focused on measuring user satisfaction and its impact through mathematical models, which might not exhaustively capture the issues affecting user satisfaction and performance. This study was conducted at the “Centre Hospitalier Universtaire de Kigali”, one of the two tertiary public and university teaching hospitals in Rwanda. This hospital has been implementing OpenClinic as an electronic medical records system since 2007, and few studies have focused on its evaluation. In addition, no study has focused on understanding the implications of user satisfaction for individuals’ work performance in this hospital. This study was cross-sectional mixed research using an explanatory embedded design. The data were collected from a convenient sample of OpenClinic users through questionnaires, which included closed- and open-ended questions, to capture both quantitative and qualitative data. The OpenClinic user satisfaction was high (91%), as was the proportion of users who perceived it as having a positive impact on their work performance (94%). The relationship between user satisfaction and perceived impact was statistically significant, and satisfied users were 20 times more likely to perceive that the impact was positive than unsatisfied users were. Important concerns were expressed by users, and the main concerns were the poor functionality of the system due to unstable internet, the limited capacity for use and the scarcity of computers. Therefore, the implementation of the electronic medical records system at the hospital has been successful, and user satisfaction has led to a perceived positive impact; however, further improvements are needed for optimal success. The inclusion of a qualitative component in future studies is recommended for a better understanding of IS success.
A simulation study on utilizing in Airbus380 fuel tanks for thrust
and fuel efficiency
Authors: moghtadaei anahita
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the potential benefits of using nanofluids within the fuel system of an Airbus A380 to enhance engine thrust and reduce fuel consumption. By analyzing the Nusselt and Reynolds numbers, the study aims to understand the heat transfer and fluid dynamics that could lead to more efficient aircraft operation. The integration of nanotechnology in aviation fuel systems represents a promising frontier for improving aircraft performance. the nanoscale as a fluid whose particles are suspended between 1-100 nanometers and permanently in the particle. Adding nanoscale increases heat transfer. In this research used silicon carbide nanofluid (sic nanofluid) with a percentage of (1,2,3,4%) the base fluid (Jet A1) as well as thermal properties including Nusselt number and thermal conductivity coefficient and... It's been studied.
A simulation study on utilizing in Airbus380 fuel tanks for thrust and fuel efficiency
Authors: moghtadaei anahita
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the potential benefits of using nanofluids within the fuel system of an Airbus A380 to enhance engine thrust and reduce fuel consumption. By analyzing the Nusselt and Reynolds numbers, the study aims to understand the heat transfer and fluid dynamics that could lead to more efficient aircraft operation. The integration of nanotechnology in aviation fuel systems represents a promising frontier for improving aircraft performance. the nanoscale as a fluid whose particles are suspended between 1-100 nanometers and permanently in the particle. Adding nanoscale increases heat transfer. In this research used silicon carbide nanofluid (sic nanofluid) with a percentage of (1,2,3,4%) the base fluid (Jet A1) as well as thermal properties including Nusselt number and thermal conductivity coefficient and... It's been studied.
On the permissibility of harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions
Authors:   State Scientific Research and Test Institute of Military Medicine Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation Saint Petersburg, Tsutsiev Sergej
Published: April 2024

The article explores the problem of labor safety - the possibility of working in harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions at Russian enterprises. Legislative, regulatory and legal documents establishing requirements for hygiene and labor protection, reports on the activities of executive authorities were analyzed. Primary methods of statistical data processing were used. In Russia, prolonged work in unfavorable conditions with a high probability of harm to health is considered a violation of the legislation. At the same time, there is no system of prohibitions on this type of working activity. As a long-term strategic course in the field of hygiene and labor protection, the legislator has determined the priority of establishing social benefits and compensation for harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, to the detriment of all other preventive (hygienic) measures that are more effective and radical. It was concluded that in the near future it is not possible to solve the problem of creating safe working conditions. The reason is imperfect legislation.
Radiative asymptotic symmetries of 3D Einstein-Maxwell theory
Authors: Bosma Jorrit , Geiller Marc , Majumdar Sucheta , Oblak Blagoje
Published: April 2024

We study the null asymptotic structure of Einstein-Maxwell theory in three-dimensional (3D) spacetimes. Although devoid of bulk gravitational degrees of freedom, the system admits a massless photon and can therefore accommodate electromagnetic radiation. We derive fall-off conditions for the Maxwell field that contain both Coulombic and radiative modes with non-vanishing news. The latter produces non-integrability and fluxes in the asymptotic surface charges, and gives rise to a non-trivial 3D Bondi mass loss formula. The resulting solution space is thus analogous to a dimensional reduction of 4D pure gravity, with the role of gravitational radiation played by its electromagnetic cousin. We use this simplified setup to investigate choices of charge brackets in detail, and compute in particular the recently introduced Koszul bracket. When the latter is applied to Wald-Zoupas charges, which are conserved in the absence of news, it leads to the field-dependent central extension found earlier in [Class. Quantum Gravity 32, 245001 (2015)]. We also consider (Anti-)de Sitter asymptotics to further exhibit the analogy between this model and 4D gravity with leaky boundary conditions.
Air showers and hadronic interactions with CORSIKA 8
Authors: Reininghaus Maximilian
Published: April 2024

The CORSIKA 8 project is a collaborative effort aiming to develop a versatile C++ framework for the simulation of extensive air showers, intended to eventually succeed the long-standing FORTRAN version. I present an overview of its current capabilities, focusing on aspects concerning the hadronic and muonic shower components. In particular, I demonstrate the “cascade lineage” feature and its application to quantify the importance of certain phase-space regions in hadronic interactions for muon production. Additionally, I show first results using Pythia 8.3, which as of late is usable as interaction model in cosmic-ray applications and is currently being integrated into CORSIKA 8.
How the blast-wave model describes PID hadron spectra from 5 TeV p-Pb collisions
Authors: Trainor Thomas
Published: April 2024

The blast-wave (BW) spectrum model has been applied extensively to nucleus-nucleus collision data with the intention to demonstrate formation of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in more-central A-A collisions. More recently the BW model has been applied to p-p, d-Au and p-Pb collisions. Such results are interpreted to indicate that “collectivity” (flows) and QGP appear in smaller systems. In this talk I review BW analysis of identified-hadron spectra from 5 TeV p-Pb collisions and examine the shape evolution of model spectra with collision centrality. I evaluate data-model fit quality using conventional statistical measures. I conclude that the BW model is not a valid data model.
Factors that Influence the Motivation for Teachers to Differentiate Curriculum for Gifted Students
Authors:   UNSW Sydney, Poulos Victoria , Jung Jae Yup ,   UNSW Sydney
Published: April 2024

This study sought to determine the factors that motivate teachers to differentiate curriculum for gifted students in a case study school in Victoria, Australia. For this purpose, 10 teachers from Year 7-9 mixed ability classes at the school were engaged in interviews about their practice of differentiation specifically for gifted students and the factors that either motivated or demotivated them to differentiate. Thematic analysis was conducted on the collected data. The resulting themes provided useful insights into the challenges that teachers face to cater for gifted students and their need for more support. The key findings of the study indicated the presence of many barriers to differentiating curriculum for gifted students including misconceptions, negative attitudes, gaps in support and competing interests. By comparison, the most significant motivator to differentiate curriculum for gifted students was around delivering ‘good teaching’, otherwise known as best practice teaching in the education sector. Findings suggest that a general lack of training in gifted education was evident in this context and suggest that greater school support and professional development is needed to assist teachers to provide appropriate differentiation for gifted students.
An Interview with Genevieve Thraves
Authors:   UNSW Sydney, Young Marie
Published: April 2024

Dr Genevieve Thraves is a Senior Lecturer in Learning and Teaching, and Inclusive Education at the School of Education, at the University of New England. Her research is focused on high ability (gifted and talented) education. Genevieve has been a frequent contributor to the Australasian Journal of Gifted Education (Thraves, 2024; Thraves et al., 2021, 2022) in recent years.
Representações sociais acerca do cuidado familiar à criança com tuberculose pulmonar
Authors: De Jung Bianca Contreira , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Xavier Daiani Modernel , Redü Alberto de Oliveira , De Oliveira Stella Minasi , Gomes Leticia Calcagno
Published: April 2024

Objetivou-se conhecer as representações sociais acerca do cuidado familiar à criança com tuberculose pulmonar. Estudo qualitativo, descritivo realizado em três municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, baseado na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Participaram 13 familiares cuidadores de crianças em tratamento para tuberculose pulmonar ou que realizaram tratamento nos últimos cinco anos. A coleta de dados ocorreu por entrevistas. Utilizou-se o discurso do sujeito coletivo para análise de dados. A representação do cuidado significou o zelo redobrado e a maior atenção por se tratar de uma criança. Destacou-se o estímulo à alimentação, promoção da higiene pessoal e do lar, preocupação com a saúde (evitar o frio, chuva e o ambiente fechado), além da administração do medicamento e acompanhamento nos serviços de saúde e durante a internação hospitalar. O cuidado também envolveu a formação de uma rede de apoio social da família que prestaram o apoio e auxílio no cuidado à criança. Concluiu-se que a família deve ser mais valorizada pelas políticas públicas de saúde pelo seu importante papel no controle da tuberculose, sendo o cerne para que as crianças possam atingir a cura.
Demokrat Parti Kütahya Milletvekili Dr. Ahmet İhsan Gürsoy’un Siyasi Yaşamı ve Yassıada Mahkemeleri’nde Yargılanma Süreci (1946-1961)
Authors: Tekin Emre
Published: April 2024

27 Mayıs 1960’da gerçekleşen Askeri Darbe ile on yıl süren Demokrat Parti (DP) iktidarı sona ermiştir. Askeri Darbe’nin hemen ardından kurulan Milli Birlik Komitesi (MBK), DP’li milletvekillerinin Yassıada Mahkemeleri’nde yargılanmasına karar vermiştir. Yassıada’da yargılanan milletvekillerinden biri de Dr. Ahmet İhsan Gürsoy’dur. Gürsoy, DP’nin muhalefette olduğu yıllarda Celal Bayar’ın kızı Nilüfer Gürsoy ile evlenmiştir. Gürsoy, VIII, IX, X ve XI. Dönem Kütahya milletvekili olarak Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (TBMM) inde görev almıştır. Mecliste; sırasıyla Seçim Tutanakları İnceleme, Sağlık ve Sosyal Yardım, Çalışma, Bütçe, Ulaştırma ve Ekonomi Komisyonu üyeliklerinde bulunmuştur. Tıp doktoru olan Gürsoy, Sağlık ve Sosyal Yardım Komisyonu üyesiyken; ülkede sağlık alanında yapılması gereken iyileştirmelere yönelik konuşmalar yapmıştır. Partisinin Kütahya il ve ilçe kongrelerinde vatandaşlarla bir araya gelmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra bölge adına yapılması gerekenler noktasında Ankara ile temaslarda bulunmuştur. 27 Mayıs 1960 Askeri Darbesi günü tedavi görmek amacıyla Almanya’ya giden Gürsoy, kendi rızasıyla Türkiye’ye dönerek tutuklanmıştır. Ahmet İhsan Gürsoy, Anayasayı İhlal ve Gayrimeşru Servet İktisabı davalarında Yassıada mahkemelerinde yargılanmıştır. Ahmet İhsan Gürsoy’un yargılandığı davalar ve kendisine yöneltilen ithamlar karşısında yaptığı savunmaları ana hatlarıyla ortaya koymayı amaçlayan bu çalışmanın çerçevesini, Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Yassıada Tutanaklarından elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır.
Effect of Fe3O4:RGO Ratios in Magnetic Nanocomposites Applied for Dye Discoloration
Authors: Gonçalves Arthur , Siciliano Pedro , Moreira Carla , Alves Odivaldo , Caytuero Alexander , Saitovitch Elisa , Litterst Fred , Cesar Deborah , Henriques Cristiane , Gaspar Alexandre
Published: April 2024

Nanocomposites of magnetite anchored on reduced graphene oxide with different magnetite:reduced graphene oxide mass ratios were synthesized and evaluated in indigo carmine photo Fenton discoloration. All nanocomposites are magnetic and showed comparable amounts of magnetite and hematite with a higher level of hematite for low iron contents. The highest value of 63.6 emu g-1 was obtained for the nanocomposite with the highest magnetite content. The nanocomposites presented high dispersion of iron oxide particles, at about 12 nm on reduced graphene oxide surface sheets. The samples also showed bandgap energies below that found for bulk magnetite, showing an important effect of reduced graphene oxide. The nanocomposite with an iron nitrate precursors mass ratio of 17:1 showed the best performance (99.7% of indigo carmine discoloration (2.1 × 10-5 mol L-1) at 30 min of reaction, hydrogen peroxide(2.3 × 10-1 mol L-1), and a catalyst dosage of 0.67 g L-1). Reusability tests were performed, and this nanocomposite was shown to be active for at least three recycles. X-ray photoelectron spectrum of Fe2p3/2 showed that the FeIII/FeII ratio was maintained even after three recycles (4 runs), meaning that reduced graphene oxide is responsible for stabilizing magnetite particles, thus maintaining its photocatalytic activity.
Paisajes fronterizos y agua en el límite de Bolivia con Brasil (Puerto Quijarro y Guayaramerín)
Authors: De Marchi Moyano Bianca
Published: April 2024

El artículo tiene por objetivo desarrollar la noción de paisaje hídrico fronterizo en Puerto Quijarro y Guayaramerín, ciudades bolivianas localizadas al límite internacional con Brasil. El estudio se sostiene en un trabajo de campo realizado en 2018, con la revisión de antecedentes históricos, geográficos, poblacionales y de ingresos a terreno en el linde boliviano principalmente. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a funcionarios asociados al control y al transporte fronterizos, además de registrar observaciones, fotografías y conversaciones informales. Como resultado se proponen tres abordajes: el primero es distante e histórico para ambos casos; el segundo se plantea a escala urbana para Puerto Quijarro, analizando su morfología y un mural; y el tercer abordaje se plantea con una perspectiva intersubjetiva para Guayaramerín. En conclusión, los paisajes hídricos fronterizos permiten identificar narrativas sobre algunas metáforas: aislamiento, muralla, mural e isla, mismas que problematizan la relación entre sociedad y naturaleza en estas fronteras hídricas.
Prospective registry of percutaneous coronary interventions: Tyumen Cardiology Center’s experience
Authors: Kuznetsov V. , Bessonov I. , Pushkarev G. , Musikhina N. , Gultyaeva E. , Zyrianov I. , Gorbatenko Ye. , Sapozhnikov S.
Published: April 2024

Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and to identify the factors impacting long-term prognosis.Methods. The register included 1018 patients who underwent PCI at Tyumen Cardiology Center from October 2012 to November 2013.Results. Hospital cardiovascular mortality rate was 0.8%, while that at 1-year follow-up amounted to 2%. Mortality was associated with age (OR = 1.005; 95% CI 1.003-1.103; p = 0.037), left ventricular ejection fraction (OR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.86-0.96; p = 0.001), left anterior descending artery lesions (OR = 4.73; 95% CI 1.06-21.04; p = 0.042), success of PCI (OR = 0.07; 95% CI 0.02-0.35; p = 0.001), hypodynamia (OR = 5.99; 95% CI 1.78-20.2; p = 0.004) and a low level of social support (OR = 0.41; 95% CI 0.20-0 82; p = 0.012). Main adverse cardio-cerebral events (MACCE) were associated with the history of coronary artery bypass grafting (OR = 0.08; 95% CI 0.01-0.62; p = 0.016), PCI (OR = 1.66; 95 % CI 1.06-2.62; p = 0.028), SYNTAX score (OR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.04-1.09; p <0.001), success of PCI (OR = 0.33; 95% CI 0.13-0.82; p = 0.017).Conclusion. PCI is a safe and effective procedure for treatment of coronary heart disease, which results in low MACCE and mortality rates.
Insulin Analogs and the Mode of Insulin Delivery: Recent Advances and
Challenges
Authors: Bhagi Medha , Kaur Jasmine , Dhar Arti , Bhat Audesh
Published: April 2024

Diabetes is a medical condition associated with impaired glucose regulation caused
either due to insufficient insulin production or resistance to insulin (Type 2 diabetes, gestational
diabetes) or the absence of insulin through the selective killing of beta cells in the pancreas
(Type 1 diabetes). Irregular insulin production leads to various health complications. To prevent
such complications, patients must adhere to medical recommendations before availing of any
advanced insulin therapy(ies), considered productive for the treatment. Natural insulin, although
highly effective in controlling blood glucose levels, patients are often at risk of developing hypoglycemia
and many other complications. This has led to the development of insulin analogs,
the modified variants of natural insulin having a minimal risk of causing hypoglycemia. Besides
the development of analogs, the mode of insulin delivery is also considered critical in achieving
better glycemic control in diabetic patients. Until recently, various exogenous insulin delivery
methods were practiced, but effective glycemic control without any associated risk and ease of
delivery remains a subject of paramount concern. It countered attenuation or delayed onset of
diabetes-associated complications without a permanent cure, raising an unmet demand for insulin
formulations and delivery methods that offer stability, biocompatibility, reproducibility, precision
dosing, non-immunogenicity, and safety. The current practice utilizes non-physiological
delivery methods with less invasive administration routes, offering glycemic stability and therapeutic
effectiveness. This review focuses on the recent advances made and future perspectives
envisioned about newer insulin therapies and delivery methods that tend to improve the management
of diabetes by inculcating ideas to reduce the disease’s severity and improve the quality
of life.
Clinical Progress of Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer: A
Comprehensive Review
Authors: Debnath Abhijit , Mazumder Rupa
Published: April 2024

The discovery of effective breast cancer therapy is both urgent and daunting, beset by a myriad of challenges
that range from the disease's inherent heterogeneity to its complex molecular underpinnings. Drug resistance,
the intricacies of the tumor microenvironment, and patient-specific variables further complicate this landscape.
The stakes are even higher when dealing with subtypes like triple-negative breast cancer, which eludes targeted
hormonal therapies due to its lack of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Strategies to overcome
such challenges include combinations of drugs and identifying new drug targets. Developing new drugs based
on such targets could be a better solution than relying on costly immunotherapy or combinational therapies. In
this review, we have endeavored to comprehensively examine the proven therapeutic drug targets associated
with breast cancer and elucidate their respective molecular mechanisms and current clinical status. This study
aims to facilitate researchers in conducting a comparative analysis of different targets to select single and multi-
targeted drug discovery approaches for breast cancer.
Recent Advances in the Treatment and Management of Alzheimer’s
Disease: A Precision Medicine Perspective
Authors: Shukla Deepali , Suryavanshi Anjali , Bharti Sanjay Kumar , Asati Vivek , Mahapatra Debarshi Kar
Published: April 2024

:

About 60% to 70% of people with dementia have Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neuro-degenerative illness. One reason for this disorder is the misfolding of naturally occurring proteins in the human brain, specifically β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau. Certain diagnostic imaging techniques, such as amyloid PET imaging, tau PET imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computerized Tomography (CT), and others, can detect biomarkers in blood, plasma, and cerebral spinal fluids, like an increased level of β-amyloid, plaques, and tangles. In order to create new pharmacotherapeutics for Alzheimer's disease, researchers must have a thorough and detailed knowledge of amyloid beta misfolding and other related aspects. Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are among the medications now used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Another medication that can temporarily alleviate dementia symptoms is memantine, which blocks the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. However, it is not able to halt or reverse the progression of the disease. Medication now on the market can only halt its advancement, not reverse it. Interventions to alleviate behavioral and psychological symptoms, exhibit anti-neuroinflammation and anti-tau effects, induce neurotransmitter alteration and cognitive enhancement, and provide other targets have recently been developed. For some Alzheimer's patients, the FDA-approved monoclonal antibody, aducanumab, is an option; for others, phase 3 clinical studies are underway for drugs, like lecanemab and donanemab, which have demonstrated potential in eliminating amyloid protein. However, additional study is required to identify and address these limitations in order to reduce the likelihood of side effects and maximize the therapeutic efficacy.
Molecular Docking as a Method to Identify Prospective Compounds from
Ocimum sanctum with Anti-candidal Properties
Authors: Rani Nidhi , Singh Randhir
Published: April 2024

Background::

To search for antifungal bioactive molecules from Ocimum sanctum, we
used a molecular docking approach to identify the natural compound responsible for the property
with a specific target. Our goal is to identify the potential antifungal compounds based on computational
screening from reported chemical constituents of Tulsi as potential inhibitors of 14α-
demethylase.

Method::

Molecular docking was performed using Molergo Virtual docker software and validated
based on the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) value.

Result::

The compounds were docked to the pocket of the enzyme, and the docking results depicted
that only oxygenated compounds were important for an antifungal profile with a good docking
score and interaction with the enzyme molecule.

Conclusion::

The results suggest the availability of significant compounds with high potential for
antifungal properties from O. sanctum. This suggests isolating these compounds for further lead
identification to develop new antifungal compounds with specific targets.
Innate Immune Effectors and Leishmania: an Overview of Complexities
Authors: Tiwari Rohit Kumar , Ahmad Afza , Shekh Rafia , Shukla Ratnakar , Bajpai Preeti
Published: April 2024

Leishmaniasis represents a pool of debilitating clinical manifestations affecting several
individuals globally. The disease remains a serious global health and affects individuals in tropical
and subtropical regions. The disease is endemic in several areas of South America, East Africa, the
Indian sub-continent and the Mediterranean basin. The bite of female Phlebotomine sand establishes
the infection of the Leishmania parasite within human flies belonging to the family Psychodidae
(subfamily: Phlebotominae) of class Diptera. Several species of Leishmania parasite serve as the infectious
trigger associated with varying clinical presentation of the disease. The immune response
against the different parasitizing species varies, resulting in a complex response by innate immune
cells. The present review summarizes some of the key innate immune effector cells involved during
the infection with the Leishmania parasite in a quest to provide a deeper understanding of Leishmania-
mediated immunobiology. The review also summarizes an up-to-date understanding of several
strategies adopted by the parasite to evade immune response mediated by altering the functioning of
some key innate immune effector cells. A better understanding of these immuno-biological events
within the infected individual would help formulate immune-therapeutical interventions against the
disease.
DiffSeqMol: A Non-Autoregressive Diffusion-Based Approach for Molecular Sequence Generation and Optimization
Authors: Wang Zixu , Chen Yangyang , Guo Xiulan , Li Yayang , Li Pengyong , Li Chunyan , Ye Xiucai , Sakurai Tetsuya
Published: April 2024

Background:

The application of deep generative models for molecular discovery has
witnessed a significant surge in recent years. Currently, the field of molecular generation and molecular
optimization is predominantly governed by autoregressive models regardless of how molecular
data is represented. However, an emerging paradigm in the generation domain is diffusion models,
which treat data non-autoregressively and have achieved significant breakthroughs in areas such
as image generation.

Methods:

The potential and capability of diffusion models in molecular generation and optimization
tasks remain largely unexplored. In order to investigate the potential applicability of diffusion models
in the domain of molecular exploration, we proposed DiffSeqMol, a molecular sequence generation
model, underpinned by diffusion process.

Results & Discussion:

DiffSeqMol distinguishes itself from traditional autoregressive methods by
its capacity to draw samples from random noise and direct generating the entire molecule. Through
experiment evaluations, we demonstrated that DiffSeqMol can achieve, even surpass, the performance
of established state-of-the-art models on unconditional generation tasks and molecular optimization
tasks.

Conclusion:

Taken together, our results show that DiffSeqMol can be considered a promising molecular
generation method. It opens new pathways to traverse the expansive chemical space and to
discover novel molecules.
Healthy Diets and Lifestyles in the World: Mediterranean and Blue Zone People Live Longer. Special Focus on Gut Microbiota and Some Food Components
Authors: Santacroce Luigi , Bottalico Lucrezia , Charitos Ioannis Alexandros , Haxhirexha Kastriot , Topi Skender , Jirillo Emilio
Published: April 2024

:

Longevity has been associated with healthy lifestyles, including some dietary regimens,
such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the Blue Zone (BZ) diets. MedDiet relies
on a large consumption of fruit, vegetables, cereals, and extra-virgin olive oil, with less red meat
and fat intake. Four major BZ have been recognized in the world, namely, Ogliastra in Sardinia
(Italy), Ikaria (Greece), the Peninsula of Nicoya (Costa Rica), and Okinawa (Japan). Extreme
longevity in these areas has been associated with correct lifestyles and dietary regimens. Fibers,
polyphenols, beta-glucans, and unsaturated fatty acids represent the major constituents of both
MedDiet and BZ diets, given their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Particularly,
inhibition of the NF-kB pathway, with a reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and
induction of T regulatory cells, with the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-
10, are the main mechanisms that prevent or attenuate the “inflammaging.” Notably, consistent
physical activity, intense social interactions, and an optimistic attitude contribute to longevity
in BZD areas. Commonalities and differences between MedDIet and BZ diets will be
outlined, with special reference to microbiota and food components, which may contribute to
longevity.
Recent Advances in Machine Learning Methods for LncRNA-Cancer
Associations Prediction
Authors: Wang Ruobing , Meng Lingyu , Tan Jianjun
Published: April 2024

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In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have played important roles in various
biological processes. Mutations and regulation of lncRNAs are closely associated with many
human cancers. Predicting potential lncRNA-cancer associations helps to understand cancer's
pathogenesis and provides new ideas and approaches for cancer prevention, treatment and diagnosis.
Predicting lncRNA-cancer associations based on computational methods helps systematic biological
studies. In particular, machine learning methods have received much attention and are
commonly used to solve these problems. Therefore, many machine learning computational models
have been proposed to improve the prediction performance and achieve accurate diagnosis and
effective treatment of cancer. This review provides an overview of existing models for predicting
lncRNA-cancer associations by machine learning methods. The evaluation metrics of each model
are briefly described, analyzed the advantages and limitations of these models are analyzed. We
also provide a case study summary of the two cancers listed. Finally, the challenges and future
trends of predicting lncRNA-cancer associations with machine learning methods are discussed.
FPGA Implementation of Power-efficient Multipliers for Digital Signal
Processing Applications
Authors: Jain Manas , Maini Saksham , Jain Shruti
Published: April 2024

Background::

Higher power consumption raises chip temperature because it draws
more current from the power source, which directly affects how long the batteries survive in portable
devices. High temperature affects the dependability and functionality of a circuit, requiring
more complex packaging and cooling strategies. One of the most significant challenges in VLSI
design is power consumption. The power consumption of the circuit rises with both transistor density
and chip complexity. In addition, one of the essential building blocks of hardware in the majority
of VLSI applications and digital signal processing systems is the multiplier.

Aims and objective::

This study aimed to design and compare array multiplier, Vedic multiplier,
and Wallace tree multiplier using variable bit lengths.

Methodology::

In this paper, authors designed array multiplier, Vedic multiplier, and Wallace tree
multiplier using variable bit lengths. For comparison, the VIVADO tool was used to simulate and
synthesize multiplier outputs.

Results::

Wallace tree multipliers resulted in 31.153mW, 13.220mW, 4.099mW, and 0.988 mW of
power dissipation for 16-bit, 8-bit, 4-bit, and 2-bit, respectively. The best multiplier was designed
using different logic like AOI, OAI, NAND-NAND, and NOR-NOR and was compared based on
power dissipation. It was observed that 2.256mW power dissipation was observed for NOR-NOR
logic, which was minimal among other logics.

Conclusion::

The 4-bit Wallace multiplier using NOR-NOR logic was used for FPGA implementation,
which can be used in digital signal processing applications.
Introducing strauss: A Flexible Sonification Python Package
Authors: Trayford James W. , Harrison Chris M.
Published: April 2024

We introduce strauss (Sonification Tools and Resources for Analysis Using Sound Synthesis) a modular, self-contained and flexible Python sonification package, operating in a free and open source (FOSS) capacity. strauss is intended to be a flexible tool suitable for both scientific data exploration and analysis as well as for producing sonifications that are suitable for public outreach and artistic contexts. We explain the motivations behind strauss, and how these lead to our design choices. We also describe the basic code structure and concepts. We then present output sonification examples, specifically: (1) multiple representations of univariate data (i.e., single data series) for data exploration; (2) how multi-variate data can be mapped onto sound to help interpret how those data variables are related and; (3) a full spatial audio example for immersive Virtual Reality. We summarise, alluding to some of the future functionality as strauss development accelerates.
Diseño de Invernadero para Cultivo de Vegetales
Authors: Cruz G. Wilmer , Peñarete M. Daniel , Durango López Roberto Carlos
Published: April 2024

En el presente artículo se desarrollan las primeras fases del diseño de un invernadero urbano inteligente que permita cultivar vegetales representativos de la agricultura colombiana con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad y la cantidad de los cultivos bajo techo. La metodología de diseño contempla, inicialmente, la selección del tipo de invernadero mediante matrices de decisión; luego se emplea la casa de la calidad qfd para la definición del producto y se realiza el diseño conceptual para seleccionar el concepto. Finalmente se realiza el diseño en detalle.
Penerapan Model Discovery Learning dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Pembelajaran Biologi
Authors: Asrinawati Asrinawati , Zulfah Kayla Fatimah , Sihotang Selestina Rebacca , Hasanah Tafrijiyah
Published: April 2024

Memilih model pembelajaran yang tepat memiliki dampak terhadap hasil belajar sehingga sangat penting bagi tenaga pengajar untuk menerapkan model pembelajaran sesuai dengan setiap materi pembelajaran. Model Discovery Learning merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran yang bisa digunakan untuk pelajaran biologi. Pembelajaran dengan model Discovery Learning merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran yang mengarahkan siswa pada suatu kesimpulan dengan mendalami konsep, arti, dan hubungan dalam suatu materi. Adapun penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menguji tingkat efektivitas penggunaan model discovery learning pada pelajaran biologi dengan melihat hasil belajar setelah diterapkannya model tersebut. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur yang merupakan bagian dari pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil studi literatur diketahui bahwa penggunaan model Discovery Learning dengan atau tidak disertai penunjang media pembelajaran lainnya, dalam pembelajaran siswa mempunyai efektivitas yang baik terhadap hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran Biologi. Hal ini terlihat dari peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran biologi setelah menggunakan paradigma Discovery Learning. Sehingga dari hasil temuan studi literatur dapat disimpulkan dengan adanya penggunaan model Discovery Learning untuk pembelajaran Biologi, dapat berdampak pada meningkatnya hasil belajar siswa.
Pathogenetic aspects of the autoreactive form of spontaneous urticaria in adult patients
Authors: Churyukina E. V. , Nedashkovskaya N. G. , Sinelnik E. A. , Dodokhova M. A. , Kazimagomedova E. S. , Kotieva I. M. , Kolesnikova N. V. , Kokova L. N. , Kokov E. A. , Babiev S. A. , Vasiliev I. V. , Puzikova O. Z. , Popova V. A.
Published: April 2024

Objective: to study the parameters of the immune status and the spectrum of autoimmune markers of patients suffering from an autoreactive form of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Materials and methods: the study involved 67 patients with an autoreactive form of chronic spontaneous urticaria, with clinical and laboratory signs of autoimmune pathology, aged 18 to 65 years, who were observed on an outpatient or inpatient basis in the period from 2019 to 2022. Healthy donors without signs of chronic spontaneous urticaria (n=35) were considered as a control group. The results were evaluated according to the dynamics of clinical and functional, immunological examination. Results: when assessing the immune status of patients with autoreactive chronic spontaneous urticaria, a violation of the differentiation processes of immune-competent cells was revealed, with a predominance of T-lymphocytes with helper-inductive activity, entailing an inversion of the immune-regulatory index, activation of the humoral link of the immune system was noted: an increase in B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins of classes A, M, G, increase of circulating immune complexes. The indicators of total IgE did not differ fundamentally from the level of donors. Changes in the parameters of the monocyte-macrophage link in patients with autoreactive form of chronic spontaneous urticaria indicated an increase in the functional activity of phagocytic cells and depletion of their reserves. Conclusion: in the autoimmune genesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria, there are significant changes in the autoimmune markers corresponding to the concomitant autoimmune disease (rheumatoid factor, antibodies (Ab) to nDNA, Ab to cardiolipin, Ab to β2-glycoprotein, Ab to neutrophils), there is a high percentage of correlation with a positive test result with autologous serum, there are features of immune status of patients with autoreactive form of chronic spontaneous urticaria.
Acute toxic hepatitis caused by ashwagandha consumption
Authors: Marinchuk A. T. , Kharkov A. S. , Kolomatskaya O. E. , Kashina M. A.
Published: April 2024

Drug-induced liver damage is becoming one of the important liver diseases and a diagnostic problem for general practitioners and gastroenterologists. A case report of suspected liver damage caused by ashwagandha is described. The disease appeared 2 months after starting to take ashwagandha 1 g per day and occurred with cholestatic and cytolytic forms of liver damage, jaundice and skin itching. The therapy led to an improvement in the patient's general condition, but the jaundice tended to be protracted. It is recommended to avoid repeated use of dietary supplement (Ashwagandha).
Design and Techno-Economic Evaluation of a Hybrid Mini-grid System for an Academic Institution
Authors: Zarmai Jesse Tanko , Alabi Isaac Ibitoye , Ebisine Ebimene Ezekiel , Zarmai Musa Tanko , Irefu Ovis D.
Published: April 2024

Inadequate electricity supply is a global challenge that needs solutions. This situation has compelled the purchasing of fossil fuel-generating units for use in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors to generate electricity. However, using fossil fuel generating units cause greenhouse gas emissions, bringing about environmental pollution and ultimately resulting in climate change. In particular, educational institutions require adequate and reliable power supply to ensure proper learning and teaching, which is lacking in developing countries like Nigeria. Fortunately, Nigeria has enormous renewable energy sources such as solar energy, which can be utilized through photovoltaic (PV) modules to generate clean energy fed into a mini-grid. This novel approach focused on an educational institution that will enable adequate electricity from the mini-grid for proper learning and teaching, reduced negative environmental impacts, and lower energy costs. Therefore, this research is focused on developing an effective hybrid utility grid-diesel generator-solar PV mini-grid system for the Faculty of Engineering and Technology of the Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna. Design analysis and techno-economic evaluation of the mini-grid were carried out using the HOMER Pro software tool, which was also used to simulate and optimize the mini-grid. The results revealed that the hybrid system comprising the grid, diesel generator, PV, and converter was technically and economically viable. The net present cost (NPC) of $182,065.20, producing a total energy of 836,430 kWh/year, was obtained and gave 0.00198 $/kWh as a levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Correspondingly, a renewable fraction (RF) of 98.3% was attained, thus meeting the Faculty's daily load demand of 575.64 kWh/day, thereby providing a reliable and improved energy supply at the best cost. Therefore, a hybrid system such as this one is proposed for tertiary institutions to ensure greater electric power supply availability.