bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantification of massively parallel sequencing libraries – a comparative study of eight methods
Authors: Hussing Christian , Kampmann Marie-Louise , Mogensen Helle Smidt , Børsting Claus , Morling Niels
Published: January 2018

Quantification of massively parallel sequencing libraries is important for acquisition of monoclonal beads or clusters prior to clonal amplification and to avoid large variations in library coverage when multiple samples are included in one sequencing analysis. No gold standard for quantification of libraries exists. We assessed eight methods of quantification of libraries by quantifying 54 amplicon, six capture, and six shotgun fragment libraries. Chemically synthesized double-stranded DNA was also quantified. Light spectrophotometry, i.e. NanoDrop, was found to give the highest concentration estimates followed by Qubit and electrophoresis-based instruments (Bioanalyzer, TapeStation, GX Touch, and Fragment Analyzer), while SYBR Green and TaqMan based qPCR assays gave the lowest estimates. qPCR gave more accurate predictions of sequencing coverage than Qubit and TapeStation did. Costs, time-consumption, workflow simplicity, and ability to quantify multiple samples are discussed. Technical specifications, advantages, and disadvantages of the various methods are pointed out.
Viral highway to nucleus exposed by image correlation analyses
Authors: Mäntylä Elina , Chacko Jenu V. , Aho Vesa , Parrish Colin R. , Shahin Victor , Kann Michael , Digman Michelle A. , Gratton Enrico , Vihinen-Ranta Maija
Published: January 2018

Parvoviral genome translocation from the plasma membrane into the nucleus is a coordinated multistep process mediated by capsid proteins. We used fast confocal microscopy line scan imaging combined with image correlation methods including auto-, pair- and cross-correlation, and number and brightness analysis, to study the parvovirus entry pathway at the single-particle level in living cells. Our results show that the endosome-associated movement of virus particles fluctuates from fast to slow. Fast transit of single cytoplasmic capsids to the nuclear envelope is followed by slow movement of capsids and fast diffusion of capsid fragments in the nucleoplasm. The unique combination of image analyses allowed us to follow the fate of intracellular single virus particles and their interactions with importin β revealing previously unknown dynamics of the entry pathway.
Glacial vicariance drives phylogeographic diversification in the amphi-boreal kelp Saccharina latissima
Authors: Neiva João , Paulino Cristina , Nielsen Mette M. , Krause-Jensen Dorte , Saunders Gary W. , Assis Jorge , Bárbara Ignacio , Tamigneaux Éric , Gouveia Licínia , Aires Tânia , Marbà Núria , Bruhn Annette , Pearson Gareth A. , Serrão Ester A.
Published: January 2018

Glacial vicariance is regarded as one of the most prevalent drivers of phylogeographic structure and speciation among high-latitude organisms, but direct links between ice advances and range fragmentation have been more difficult to establish in marine than in terrestrial systems. Here we investigate the evolution of largely disjunct (and potentially reproductively isolated) phylogeographic lineages within the amphi-boreal kelp Saccharina latissima s. l. Using molecular data (COI, microsatellites) we confirm that S. latissima comprises also the NE Pacific S. cichorioides complex and is composed of divergent lineages with limited range overlap and genetic admixture. Only a few genetic hybrids were detected throughout a Canadian Arctic/NW Greenland contact zone. The degree of genetic differentiation and sympatric isolation of phylogroups suggest that S. latissima s. l. represents a complex of incipient species. Phylogroup distributions compared with paleo-environmental reconstructions of the cryosphere further suggest that diversification within S. latissima results from chronic glacial isolation in disjunct persistence areas intercalated with ephemeral interglacial poleward expansions and admixture at high-latitude (Arctic) contact zones. This study thus supports a role for glaciations not just in redistributing pre-existing marine lineages but also as a speciation pump across multi-glacial cycles for marine organisms otherwise exhibiting cosmopolite amphi-boreal distributions.
Atmospheric-pressure-plasma-jet processed carbon nanotube (CNT)–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites for gel-electrolyte supercapacitors
Authors: Kuok Fei-Hong , Chien Hung-Hua , Lee Chia-Chun , Hao Yu-Chuan , Yu Ing-Song , Hsu Cheng-Che , Cheng I-Chun , Chen Jian-Zhang
Published: January 2018

This study demonstrates ultrafast (15 s) atmospheric-pressure-plasma-jet (APPJ) processed CNT–rGO nanocomposite gel-electrolyte supercapacitors.
A preparation method for the highly permeable ceramic microfiltration membrane – precursor film firing method
Authors: Yin Xiaoqin , Guan Kang , Gao Peng , Peng Cheng , Wu Jianqing
Published: January 2018

A new technique is proposed to improve the permeance of ceramic membranes.
Oxygen functional groups improve the energy storage performances of graphene electrochemical supercapacitors
Authors: Cao Hailiang , Peng Xing , Zhao Min , Liu Peizhi , Xu Bingshe , Guo Junjie
Published: January 2018

The content and species of oxygen functional groups are significant factors influencing the electrochemical supercapacitor performance of graphene electrodes.
Extraction of oil from high-moisture tuna liver by subcritical dimethyl ether: feasibility and optimization by the response surface method
Authors: Fang Yizhou , Gu Saiqi , Liu Shulai , Zhang Jianyou , Ding Yuting , Liu Jianhua
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of subcritical dimethyl ether extraction (SDME) of oil from tuna liver with high-moisture content.
Adsorption activity of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) cake dietary fibers: effect of acidic treatment, cellulase hydrolysis, particle size and pH
Authors: Zheng Yajun , Li Yan , Xu Jianguo , Gao Gang , Niu Fuge
Published: January 2018

This paper provides valuable information on the effects of cellulase hydrolysis, acidic treatment, particle size distribution and pH on the adsorption activity of coconut cake dietary fibers.
Radical-initiated alkene hydroauration as a route to gold(iii) alkyls: an experimental and computational study
Authors: Pintus Anna , Bochmann Manfred
Published: January 2018

Gold(iii) hydrides undergo radical-induced insertion reactions with alkenes via gold(ii) intermediates. The success of the reaction depends on the degree of spin delocalisation.
GPS/BDS VTL‐assisted by the NN for complex environments
Authors: Zhao Jumin , Zhao Xiaofang , Li Dengao , Deng Doudou , Han Chong
Published: January 2018

In complex landform the satellite signals are blocked so seriously that BeiDou satellitenavigation system (BDS) cannot achieve real‐time high‐precision dynamicalpositioning, which seriously restrict its widespread in precise mapping anddisaster relief. This study proposes global positioning system (GPS)/BDS vectortracking loop (VTL) assisted by the neural network (NN) to improve theperformance of receivers in complex environments. In GPS/BDS VTL, pre‐filter andnavigation extended Kalman filter are both used, and discriminators are replacedby pre‐filter structure; then, the output information of pre‐filter is used asinput of the navigation filter, at the same time the pseudorange rate ofpre‐filter is updated by pseudorange rate of navigation filter; finally, the NNis used in the GPS/BDS vector tracking structure, in the training stage, theoutput from navigation filter is adopted as the input of the NN. This method canprevent the error growth due to weak signal from deteriorating the entiretracking loop performance. Moreover, the NN is employed to provide a betterprediction of residuals such as the Doppler frequency and code phase. Theresults show that the proposed adaptive GPS/BDS VTL shows a better trackingperformance compared with the conventional VTL.
Diagnosing Meniscal Pathology and Understanding How to Evaluate a Postoperative Meniscus Based on the Operative Procedure
Authors: Probyn Linda , Chahal Jaskarndip , White Lawrence , Tafur Monica
Published: January 2018

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the preferred noninvasive imaging technique to diagnose meniscal pathology in the pre- and postoperative setting. Furthermore, characterization of meniscal tissue MR properties has been possible by the development of advanced MRI techniques. Suspected meniscal tears are a frequent indication for MRI and the International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine (ISAKOS) classification system has been developed to facilitate accurate and uniform reporting of such meniscal tears. Partial meniscectomy and meniscal suture repair are among the commonly performed procedures and several signs have been described to detect postoperative recurrent tears on MRI. Other techniques that have proven useful for meniscal assessment are ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) arthrography. In recent years, US is being increasingly used in the selective assessment of some meniscal pathology such as tears, parameniscal cysts and meniscal extrusion as it is a relatively inexpensive, accessible, and safe technique. CT arthrography has been advocated as an acceptable alternative in patients with contraindications for MRI, with comparable diagnostic performance.
Hemodinâmica e variações pressóricas compartimentadas no nidus residual: modelos hipotéticos aplicados à cirurgia
Authors: Stávale-Joaquim Marcos Augusto
Published: January 2018

O autor classifica e discute as possibilidades de variações hemodinâmicas que ocorrem após a remoção parcial de um angioma, em relação ao nidus residual. O estudo é realizado utilizando-se os conceitos de pressão hidrostática arterial e venosa, pressão hidrostática do nidus, pressão transmural e gradiente pressórico, dentro da hidráulica e dinâmica dos fluidos, mas de maneira simplificada e objetiva.
Meios contínuos em neurocirurgia vascular e neurorradiologia intervencionista. Parte I
Authors: Ortiz-Velázquez Rogelio Iván , Pereira Caldas Jose Guilherme Mendes , Santos Franco Jorge Arturo , Pimentel Rodrigo Mercado , Revuelta Rogelio
Published: January 2018

Os aneurismas e as placas de ateroma compartem não somente um elevado índice de morbimortalidade, como também sua localização. Isso sugere que fatores hemodinâmicos contribuam no seu desenvolvimento. A quantificação de forças hemodinâmicas é complicada, especialmente em vasos intracranianos; porém, avanços recentes em mecânica computacional têm permitido calcular sua magnitude e distribuição em modelos arteriais com ajuda de técnicas de dinâmica de fluidos computacionais. No entanto, a compreensão desses modelos e a verificação de sua validade e limitações dependem do conhecimento de seu desenho e dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos utilizados. Por outro lado, a determinação das propriedades mecânicas das paredes arteriais é crucial, não somente para a compreensão das alterações do sistema cardiovascular no tempo e das causas responsáveis que dão origem às lesões vasculares, bem como para a realização da angioplastia, o planejamento de pontes arteriais e a seleção de próteses endovasculares. Dessa forma, a mais importante contribuição que podemos obter do conhecimento da biomecânica, em geral, e da mecânica dos meios contínuos, em particular, se encontra no melhor entendimento da fisiologia. Nesta revisão, passamos pelos conceitos fundamentais utilizados na formulação dos problemas da mecânica dos meios contínuos, com ênfase na pesquisa biomecânica das lesões vasculares, no intuito de oferecer algumas definições que promovam a análise crítica dos resultados nesse campo.
Aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos da cefaleia pós-traumática crônica
Authors: da Cruz Adry Rodrigo Antônio Rocha , Lins Catarina Couras , Mello Brandão Marcio Cesar de
Published: January 2018

Contexto: Existem muitas controvérsias acerca da patogênese da cefaleia pós-traumática, se vem de alterações orgânicas devidas a um trauma cranioencefálico ou se os acometidos dessa condição buscam um ganho secundário. Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos da cefaleia pós-traumática crônica (CPTC) em pacientes atendidos em dois hospitais de referência de Salvador, BA. Métodos: Foram estudados 33 pacientes que preencheram os critérios estabelecidos para CPTC. Resultados: Seis por cento apresentaram frequência de cefaleia inferior a 1 dia por mês; 49% apresentaram frequência de 1 a 7 dias por mês; 30%, de 8 a 14 dias por mês; 6%, por mais de 14 dias por mês, e 9% apresentaram cefaleia diariamente. Quanto à intensidade, 3% dos pacientes classificaram a cefaleia como leve, 30% como moderada e 67% como grave. Vinte e sete por cento caracterizaram sua cefaleia como “em pressão”, 61% como “pulsátil” e 12% como “em pontada”. O diagnóstico da CPTC foi migrânea em 79% dos pacientes e cefaleia tensional em 21% dos pacientes. Conclusão: A maior prevalência de migrânea nesses pacientes se deve ao fato de o trabalho ter sido realizado em um dos centros especializados. A uniformidade do padrão manifestado de cefaleia e a média de idade do aparecimento da cefaleia também falam a favor de uma causa orgânica para a CPTC, entretanto faz-se necessária a realização de estudos experimentais que possam comprovar essa teoria analisando os pacientes mais graves para reforçar a hipótese orgânica para origem da CPTC.
Anomalias venosas nos cavernomas
Authors: Escalante Williams , Pinto de Santana Diana Lara , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Caldas José Guilherme P. , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Published: January 2018

As anomalias do desenvolvimento venoso (DVA) são as malformações vasculares cerebrais mais frequentes, tendo geralmente um curso benigno, e podem estar acompanhando os cavernomas. Atualmente, são mais diagnosticadas por causa dos métodos de diagnósticos por imagem que existem, como a tomografia computadorizada e, sobretudo, a ressonância magnética nuclear. Este artigo revisa as DAV em geral e as relacionadas com os cavernomas. Os artigos foram buscados na base de dados PubMed, em publicações desde 1995 a junho de 2012, usando como filtros as expressões “anomalias do desenvolvimento venoso e malformações cavernosas” e “anomalias venosas cerebrais e malformações cavernosas”; a pesquisa foi limitada a artigos em idioma inglês e relacionados a humanos. As sessões de referência de artigos e revisões recentes foram revisadas e os artigos pertinentes foram recuperados no formato resumo; os manuscritos em texto completo foram obtidos subsequentemente para todos os artigos originais aplicados à revisão em curso.
Hemangioma cavernoso: relato de caso
Authors: Miranda Eduardo Queirós , Cavalcante José Edison da Silva , Calil Zacarias , Miranda Giordano Queirós
Published: January 2018

O hemangioma cavernoso é uma neoformação vascular benigna de origem congênita, caracterizando pela formação de grandes canais e espaços vasculares preenchidos com sangue. O caso relatado no estudo chama atenção não só devido à magnitude da tumoração e ao comprometimento vascular, mas também pelo tempo de permanência da lesão, desde os 10 anos de idade. O tratamento para essa lesão varia com o tamanho, risco de ruptura do hemangioma e com a sintomatologia do paciente. As condutas que podem ser utilizadas são: ressecção cirúrgica; embolização arterial; enucleação cirúrgica e radioterapia. A raridade e complexidade do caso, somados à dificuldade de tratamento encontrada pela paciente no decorrer desses 20 anos de evolução tumoral, foram fatores que corroboraram para a apresentação desse caso.
Sequestered lumbar disc herniation mimicking spinal tumor
Authors: Biasi Pedro Radalle , Mallmann Adroaldo Baseggio , Crusius Paulo Sérgio , Seibert Cláudio Albano , Crusius Marcelo Ughini , Crusius Cassiano Ughini , Espanhol Rafael Augusto , Brunet Matheus Pintos , Carazzo Charles André
Published: January 2018

The occurrence of herniated disc simulating diseases in neuroimaging it's an uncommon situation. However, due to changes that occur in sequestered disc fragment, some cases can mimic spinal neoplasms. Thus, we present the case of a female patient, 60 year-old, with left back pain and left leg weakness. Left lower limb presented with strength grade IV, positive 45 degress Lasègue's signal and patellar areflexia. Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an expansive left centro-lateral lesion at L4-L5 level, hypointense on T1W, hyperintense on T2W, with peripheral contrast uptake, causing compression of the dural sac and L5 nerve root. A hemilaminectomy was performed, with complete excision of the lesion. Histological analisys confirmed discal hernia. Disc herniation is a condition characterized by the displacement of the disc content to the spinal canal, predominantly in the lumbar region, and manifesting as radiculopathy. The fragment sequestration occurs in 30% of the cases and is characterized by loss of continuity with remaining disc. MRI exams generally allow diagnostic confirmation; however, there may be diagnostic confusion with tumors, arachnoid cysts and abscesses. The inflammatory reaction occurred in the disc fragment produces the differences in MRI signal. The fragment is hypointense on T1W, hyperintense on T2W, with peripheral enhancement after contrast. Malignancies and Schwannomas have homogeneous or heterogeneous uptake. The epidural abscess is isointense on T1W and hyperintense on T2W, with homogeneous or peripheral enhancement, similar to discal herniation. Thus, sequestered disc herniation can mimic other space-occupying lesions, being necessary a surgical approach to obtain material for histopathological analysis and diagnostic confirmation.
Tophaceous gout of the spine: a neurosurgical standpoint
Authors: Ferreira Lobão Carlos Augusto , Bastos Albedy Moreira , Santos Rafael Brito , Duarte Cavalcante Eduardo Anderson
Published: January 2018

Objective: The study aim is to present the clinical, radiological aspects and treatment of this disease from the neurosurgical standpoint using a literature review and an illustrative case. Methods: A PubMed research was done with the terms “tophaceous gout”, “spine”, and “diagnosis”. We reviewed these articles and compared it with an illustrative case here presented. Results: According to a research done, this is the fifty-second case of tophaceous gout of the spine described in the English literature. The case and literature review presented demonstrate the difficulty in diagnosis, especially when the patient has no previous history of gout. Conclusion: It is important to consider tophaceous gout of the spine among the differential diagnoses that occur in the spine. Clinical and neurosurgical treatment may be required considering each case.
Lesões traumáticas do nervo óptico
Authors: Cannoni Luiz Fernando , Haddad Luciano , Esteves Veiga José Carlos
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Documentar a incidência de lesões traumáticas da via óptica, assim como a etiologia traumática; correlacionar as lesões do nervo óptico com achados radiológicos (lesões cranianas e intracranianas); e estudar lesões múltiplas de nervos cranianos. Métodos: Dezoito pacientes admitidos no Serviço de Emergência da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo com lesão traumática da via óptica foram incluídos. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com o escore da Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECG) em: trauma leve (ECG de 13 a 15), moderado (ECG de 9 a 12) e grave (ECG de 3 a 8), distribuição quanto a gênero, presença de fraturas, lesões intracranianas, fístulas liquóricas e mecanismo de trauma. Resultados: Dos 18 casos, 17 lesões ocorreram em conjunto com outros nervos cranianos e em 1 caso houve lesão exclusiva do nervo óptico. Atropelamentos, acidentes automobilísticos, motociclísticos e ferimento por projétil de arma de fogo constituíram as causas mais frequentes de lesão do nervo óptico, de forma isolada, assim como nas lesões de múltiplos nervos. Hematomas extradurais e contusões cerebrais foram as lesões intracranianas mais frequentes e, quando presentes, as fraturas cranianas localizavam-se no teto orbitário ou na região frontal. Conclusão: Neuropatia traumática do óptico deve ser pesquisada à admissão do paciente (quando possível), pois é passível de tratamento clínico (corticoides) ou cirúrgico. Achados sugestivos de neuropatia óptica traumática incluem fraturas do assoalho ou teto orbitário e traumas de alta energia cinética.
Devemos monitorar a pressão intracraniana de pacientes com TCE grave Marshall II?
Authors: Braga Bernardo Drummond , Rezende-Neto João Batista , Oliveira Marcelo Magaldi , Cardoso Bicalho Geraldo Vitor , Santiago Gustavo Zola , Cadurin Ariana Costa , Fernandes Diego José , Gomes Oliver Vilela , Faleiro Rodrigo Moreira
Published: January 2018

Objetivos: Avaliar a relação da PIC com o crescimento de lesões e morbimortalidade em pacientes Marshall II e determinar a necessidade de sua monitorização. Método: Estudo de coorte observacional prospectivo em pacientes com TCE grave classificados como Marshall II. Resultados: Setenta pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos baseados na PIC; G1: PIC ≤ 20 mmHg (49 pacientes) e G2 PIC > 20 mmHg (21 pacientes). Os achados mais comuns foram hemorragias subaracnóideas e contusões. A mortalidade foi maior em G2 que em G1 (OR: 11,7) (IC 95%: 2,2 a 63,1). A mediana da Escala de Desfecho de Glasgow após 90 dias foi de 2 para o G2 e de 5 para o G1. O surgimento ou progressões de lesões ocorreram em 71% dos pacientes no G2 contra 10% no G1 (p < 0,05). Em comparação ao G1, o OR de um novo achado na TC foi 22 vezes maior no G2 (IC 95%: 5,02 a 106,9). Dois pacientes do G2 precisaram de cirurgia e nenhum do G1. Conclusões: Pacientes Marshall II, com hipertensão intracraniana, apresentam maior risco para crescimento de lesões na TC de controle, pior prognóstico e maior mortalidade que aqueles sem hipertensão. A monitorização desses pacientes foi definitiva para determinar o prognóstico. Pacientes Marshall II devem ser monitorados.
Perfil epidemiológico de malformações arteriovenosas encefálicas em uma série monocêntrica
Authors: Nogueira Danilo Marques , Diniz Aron Athaide , Motta Deusdará Renato de Amorin , Kessler Iruena Moraes , Freire Neto Nelson Geraldo
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos na Unidade de Neurocirurgia do Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (HBDF), unidade de referência de doenças cerebrovasculares no Distrito Federal, bem como os métodos multidisciplinares de tratamento utilizados e a evolução clínica. Métodos: Realizou-se a análise retrospectiva de 42 pacientes portadores de malformações arteriovenosas (MAV) encefálicas admitidos no Serviço de Neurocirurgia do HBDF entre agosto de 2007 e janeiro de 2012, tratados conservadoramente ou submetidos a algum tipo de intervenção: microcirurgia intracraniana, embolização, técnica combinada ou radiocirurgia. Resultados: A distribuição por gênero perfez uma relação de 1,1:1,0 (masculino:feminino). Houve predomínio da localização supratentorial (85%, 36/42). Conforme a Escala de Spetzler-Martin (ESM), evidenciou-se predomínio de graus intermediários (graus II, III e IV), totalizando 96% (40/42). Dez pacientes (24%, 10/42) foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico convencional, 22 pacientes (52%, 22/42) à embolização (tratamento endovascular), 1 paciente (2,38%, 1/42) a tratamento combinado (endovascular e cirurgia), 1 (2,38%, 1/42) à radiocirurgia e 8 pacientes (19,05%, 8/42) foram tratados conservadoramente. A evolução clínica caracterizada pela Escala Modificada de Rankin (EMR) mostrou semelhança estatística em relação aos diversos tratamentos estabelecidos. Conclusão: As MAVs são lesões congênitas que, apesar de baixa prevalência, são alvo importante de estudo, por acometer principalmente adultos jovens e em idade produtiva. Este estudo, realizado em um centro de referência do Distrito Federal, evidencia características demográficas peculiares dessas lesões, que são compatíveis com dados prévios da literatura e mostra que a abordagem terapêutica multidisciplinar é essencial para seu correto tratamento.
Potencial evocado somatossensitivo transoperatório na malformação de Chiari. Relato de caso e argumentação
Authors: Junior Jefferson Rosi , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Yeng Lin Tchia , Sékula Juliana Gozzo , Christ Carlos Daniel , de Andrade Daniel Ciampi , Montanaro Antônio Carlos , Dorsa de Oliveira Paulo Geraldo , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha
Published: January 2018

Os autores relatam o caso uma mulher de 23 anos, sintomática pela malformação de Chiari, submetida à descompressão cirúrgica da fossa posterior do crânio, com o transoperatório monitorizado por meio de potencial evocado somatossensitivo que auxiliou no resultado satisfatório obtido. É sugerido que as cirurgias para tratamento da malformação de Chiari sejam sempre monitorizadas por esse método.
Soziodemografisch stratifizierte Analyse der Nutzung sozialer Netzwerke und des Bewegungsverhaltens von juvenilen Adipositastherapieteilnehmern
Authors: Wulff Hagen , Wagner Petra
Published: January 2018

Die Verbesserung bestehender Rehabilitationsansätze der juvenilen Adipositas setzt Kenntnisse über soziale und personale Voraussetzungen, Bedürfnisse und den Lebensstil, insbesondere über Aktivität und Mediennutzung voraus, um Inhalte und Methoden darauf auszurichten. Zu diesen Faktoren wurden 2013 mittels standardisierter Instrumente 510 11–17-jährige Patienten befragt. Körperliche Aktivitäten wurden von 64% mit Freunden und 43% im Verein ausgeführt. Mädchen (OR 0,55) und Kinder von Arbeitslosen (OR 0,28) hatten reduzierte Chancen auf Vereinssport. Insgesamt zeigten sich reduzierte Aktivitätsumfänge. Über digitale Medien wurden soziale Netzwerke, vorrangig Facebook, umfangreich genutzt. Die Nutzung der Netzwerkfunktionen unterschied sich in den soziodemografischen Gruppen. Die Patienten wünschten sich nach der Rehabilitation den Austausch untereinander (79%) und mit dem Therapeutenteam (37%). Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass individualisierte Behandlungsansätze notwendig erscheinen.
Cannabis bei Parkinson – Hype oder
Heilmittel?
Authors: Mainka Tina , Stork Jan , Hidding Ute , Buhmann Carsten
Published: January 2018

In Deutschland können seit März 2017 Patienten mit einer schwerwiegenden
Erkrankung Cannabisblüten und -extrakte sowie synthetische Cannabinoide zu
Lasten der Krankenkassen verordnet werden. Die Zulassung von medizinischem
Cannabis beinhaltet keine Festlegung auf eine Indikation und ist somit auch für
Parkinson-Patienten relevant. Laut Gesetz haben schwerbetroffene Patienten sogar
einen Anspruch auf Versorgung mit medizinischem Cannabis, wenn übliche Maßnahmen
nicht erfolgreich waren oder nicht vertragen wurden oder „eine nicht ganz
entfernte Aussicht auf eine spürbare positive Einwirkung auf schwerwiegenden
Symptome besteht“.

Vor diesem Hintergrund und verstärkt durch Medienberichte fragen zunehmend
Parkinson Patienten nach Verordnung von Cannabis. Dies stellt die behandelnden
Neurologen vor eine neue Herausforderung.

Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die verschreibungsfähigen
Cannabisprodukte und Applikationsformen sowie die Datenlage für Cannabis bei
motorischen- und nicht-motorischen Parkinson Symptomen. Ferner werden aus Sicht
der Autoren Indikationen definiert, für welche im Einzelfall Cannabis bei
Parkinson-Patienten hilfreich sein könnte und ggf. dem Wunsch des Patienten nach
Verordnung stattgegeben werden sollte. Es werden praxisrelevante Empfehlungen
für die Verordnung von Cannabinoiden sowie die Beratung des Patienten,
einschließlich hinsichtlich der Fahrfähigkeit ausgesprochen.
Irradiation effect on magnetic properties of FeRh thin films with energetic C60 cluster ion beam
Authors: Soma Ryunosuke , Saitoh Yuichi , Sakamaki Masako , Amemiya Kenta , Iwase Akihiro , Matsui Toshiyuki
Published: January 2018

Effect of energetic C60 cluster ion irradiation on magnetic properties in FeRh thin films was examined by SQUID and XMCD measurements. The XMCD signal for the C60 irradiated samples is larger than that for the C1 samples in the initial stage of the irradiation. In contrast, as for the irradiation with larger ion fluence, the XMCD spectrum for the sample irradiated with C1 ion is larger than that for the sample irradiated with C60 cluster ion. Although the magnetization for the C60 irradiation samples continuously decreases with increasing in the ion fluence, the saturation magnetization for the C1 irradiation samples increases with increasing in the ion fluence. Considering these different behaviors in the irradiation induced ferromagnetism, the cluster ion can effectively deposit the apparent elastic collision energy at the surface region in the film, which effectively causes the ferromagnetic state at the surface of the films.
Hugoniot and refractive indices of bromoform under shock compression
Authors: Liu Q. C. , Zeng X. L. , Zhou X. M. , Luo S. N.
Published: January 2018

We investigate physical properties of bromoform (liquid CHBr3) including compressibility and refractive index under dynamic extreme conditions of shock compression. Planar shock experiments are conducted along with high-speed laser interferometry. Our experiments and previous results establish a linear shock velocity−particle velocity relation for particle velocities below 1.77 km/s, as well as the Hugoniot and isentropic compression curves up to ∼21 GPa. Shock-state refractive indices of CHBr3 up to 2.3 GPa or ∼26% compression, as a function of density, can be described with a linear relation and follows the Gladstone-Dale relation. The velocity corrections for laser interferometry measurements at 1550 nm are also obtained.
Simultaneous electrical and mechanical resonance drive for large signal amplification of micro resonators
Authors: Hasan M. H. , Alsaleem F. M. , Jaber N. , Hafiz M. A. A. , Younis M. I.
Published: January 2018

Achieving large signal-noise ratio using low levels of excitation signal is key requirement for practical applications of micro and nano electromechanical resonators. In this work, we introduce the double electromechanical resonance drive concept to achieve an order-of-magnitude dynamic signal amplification in micro resonators. The concept relies on simultaneously activating the micro-resonator mechanical and electrical resonance frequencies. We report an input voltage amplification up to 15 times for a micro-resonator when its electrical resonance is tuned to match the mechanical resonance that leads to dynamic signal amplification in air (Quality factor enhancement). Furthermore, using a multi-frequency excitation technique, input voltage and vibrational amplification of up to 30 times were shown for the same micro-resonator while relaxing the need to match its mechanical and electrical resonances.
Discourse management gestures
Authors: Wehling Elisabeth
Published: January 2018

Gestures that are used by interlocutors to manage the gist of their ‘discourse interactions’, namely content exchange and floor taking, can have one of two very different pragmatic functions: to signal inclusion and cooperation in friendly conversation, or to establish control in more argumentative conversation. While inclusive-cooperative gestures have been extensively studied (e.g.,Bavelas, Chovil, Lavrie, & Wade, 1992;Kendon, 1995;Müller, 2004;Sweetser, 1998), control gestures received little attention (although seeKendon, 1995,2004) until a recent spark of interest in their form and function (e.g.,Calbris, 2011;Müller, 2017;Wehling, 2010,2012,2013). However, even though research has detailed important aspects of such discourse managing gestures, to date no comprehensive account of their conceptual foundations and pragmatic functions exists. The present paper fills this gap in the literature. Building on prior analyses of control gestures in argumentative discourse (e.g.,Wehling, 2010) and inclusive-cooperative gestures in friendly conversation (e.g.,Bavelas et al., 1992;Müller, 2004), it details a typology ofdiscourse management gesturesthat distinguishesinclusive-cooperativeandcontrolgestures as separate pragmatic types and accounts for their forms and functions in terms of their conceptual foundations in primary metaphoric, space-motion schematic, and force dynamic reasoning.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Drug Resistance Patterns Among Adult Patients Failing Second-Line Protease Inhibitor-Containing Regimens in Namibia, 2010–2015
Authors: Sawadogo Souleymane , Shiningavamwe Andreas , Roscoe Clay , Baughman Andrew L , Negussie Taffa , Mutandi Gram , Yang Chunfu , Hamunime Ndapewa , Agolory Simon
Published: January 2018

Three hundred sixty-six adult patients in Namibia with second-line virologic failures were evaluated for human immunodeficiency virus drug-resistant (HIVDR) mutations. Less than half (41.5%) harbored ≥1 HIVDR mutations to standardized second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. Optimizing adherence, viral load monitoring, and genotyping are critical to prevent emergence of resistance, as well as unnecessary switching to costly third-line ART regimens.
Terminology and Basic Rules of Electoral Systems
Authors: Herron Erik S. , Pekkanen Robert J. , Shugart Matthew S.
Published: January 2018

This chapter argues that current categorizations of electoral systems retain some utility but should be re-thought to capture recent advances in scholarship on electoral systems. A rigid categorical division between proportional and plurality systems should be replaced with a more sophisticated understanding of electoral systems on a continuum, and the use of the Seat Product Model. The chapter also develops an agenda of specific terminological usage, which will be employed throughout the Oxford Handbook of Electoral Systems and which the authors advocate for field-wide adoption. Finally, the chapter reviews the contributions of the chapters in the volume and places them in perspective.
Food, Fairness, and Global Markets
Authors: Powers Madison
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines issues of fairness in the organization of global agricultural markets. The discussion begins with a survey of the challenges in feeding the world and the debates between “market fundamentalists” who defend strongly pro-market, pro-globalization approaches and critics who deny that such challenges can be addressed fairly through markets alone or through particular forms of market organization. Conceptions of fairness that market fundamentalists and critics alike agree upon, as well as additional norms of fairness defended by critics, are applied to four prominent aspects of global market organization in the agricultural sector. They include: trade subsidies and protectionist restrictions, economic development strategies that often leave lesser developed nations caught in a commodity trap, supply-chain management though contract agriculture, and patterns of large-scale farmland acquisition known as the global land grab.
A Novel Hinged Scleral Patch Graft for the Repair of Overfiltration and Bleb Leaks
Authors: Mardelli Pierre G. , Mardelli Marc E. , Bakkour Zeina
Published: January 2018

Introduction:

The repair of the scleral flap is often needed in cases of severe hypotony or bleb leaks with overfiltration. We present a simple novel technique to restore the hinged flap using a scleral patch graft.

Materials and Methods:

We present 4 eyes of 4 patients who presented with hypotony [intraocular pressure(IOP) <6 mm Hg] from overfiltration secondary to loose scleral flap (2 eyes) and bleb leak (2 eyes). A scleral patch from a human donor, preserved in 95% ethanol, was cut in a trapezoidal shape and placed over the area of filtration after a conjunctival peritomy. The scleral graft was secured anteriorly with a single double-armed 9-0 nylon suture in a double-mattress manner so as to create a hinged flap. Permanent or releasable sutures were placed posteriorly to control aqueous outflow.

Results:

All 4 patients had complete resolution of hypotony and bleb leaks with increase in their IOP to early teens. All maintained aqueous flow posteriorly with preservation of bleb function.

Conclusion:

Reestablishing the original anatomy of the hinged scleral flap can maintain bleb function without risk of overfiltration or loss of IOP control. This can be achieved through a simple repair using a scleral patch graft.
Expression of Gastrin Family Peptides in Pancreatic Islets and Their Role in β-Cell Function and Survival
Authors: Khan Dawood , Vasu Srividya , Moffett R. Charlotte , Irwin Nigel , Flatt Peter R.
Published: January 2018

Objectives

Modulation of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors has been shown to influence pancreatic endocrine function.

Methods

We assessed the impact of the CCKA and CCKB receptor modulators, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 and gastrin-17, respectively, on β-cell secretory function, proliferation and apoptosis and glucose tolerance, and investigating alterations of CCK and gastrin islet expression in diabetes.

Results

Initially, the presence of CCK and gastrin, and expression of their receptors were evidenced in β-cell lines and mouse islets. (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 and gastrin-17 stimulated insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 and 1.1B4 β-cells, associated with no effect on membrane potential or [Ca2+
]
i
. Only (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 possessed insulin secretory actions in isolated islets. In agreement, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 improved glucose disposal and glucose-induced insulin release in mice. In addition, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 evoked clear satiety effects. Interestingly, islet colocalization of CCK with glucagon was elevated in streptozotocin- and hydrocortisone-induced diabetic mice, whereas gastrin coexpression in α cells was reduced. In contrast, gastrin colocalization within β-cells was higher in diabetic mice, while CCK coexpression with insulin was decreased in insulin-deficient mice. (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 and gastrin-17 also augmented human and rodent β-cell proliferation and offered protection against streptozotocin-induced β-cell cytotoxicity.

Conclusions

We highlight the direct involvement of CCKA and CCKB receptors in pancreatic β-cell function and survival.
Quantitative super-resolution single molecule microscopy dataset of YFP-tagged growth factor receptors
Authors: Lukeš Tomáš , Pospíšil Jakub , Fliegel Karel , Lasser Theo , Hagen Guy M.
Published: January 2018

Background

Super-resolution single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a method for achieving resolution beyond the classical limit in optical microscopes (approx. 200 nm laterally). Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) has been used for super-resolution single molecule localization microscopy, but less frequently than other fluorescent probes. Working with YFP in SMLM is a challenge because a lower number of photons are emitted per molecule compared to organic dyes which are more commonly used. Publically available experimental data can facilitate development of new data analysis algorithms.

Findings

Four complete, freely available single molecule super-resolution microscopy datasets on YFP-tagged growth factor receptors expressed in a human cell line are presented including both raw and analyzed data. We report methods for sample preparation, for data acquisition, and for data analysis, as well as examples of the acquired images. We also analyzed the SMLM data sets using a different method: super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI). The two modes of analysis offer complementary information about the sample. A fifth single molecule super-resolution microscopy dataset acquired with the dye Alexa 532 is included for comparison purposes.

Conclusion

This dataset has potential for extensive reuse. Complete raw data from SMLM experiments has typically not been published. The YFP data exhibits low signal to noise ratios, making data analysis a challenge. These data sets will be useful to investigators developing their own algorithms for SMLM, SOFI, and related methods. The data will also be useful for researchers investigating growth factor receptors such as ErbB3.
From Armament to Ornament: Performance Trade-Offs in the Sexual Weaponry of Neotropical Electric Fishes
Authors: Evans Kory M. , Bernt Maxwell J. , Kolmann Matthew A. , Ford Kassandra L. , Albert James S.
Published: January 2018

The evolution of sexual weaponry is thought to have marked effects on the underlying static allometry that builds them. These weapons can negatively affect organismal survivability by creating trade-offs between trait size and performance. Here we use three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to study the static allometry of two species of sexually dimorphic electric fishes (Apteronotus rostratus and Compsaraia samueli) in which mature males grow elongate jaws used in agonistic male-male interactions. We quantify jaw mechanical advantage between the sexes of both species to track changes in velocity and force transmission associated with the development of sexual weaponry. We find evidence for trade-offs between skull shape and mechanical advantage in C. samueli, where males with longer faces exhibit lower mechanical advantages, suggesting weaker bite forces. In contrast, males, and females of A. rostratus exhibit no difference in mechanical advantage associated with facial elongation. We hypothesize that differences in the functionality of the sexual weaponry between the two species may drive divergences in the allometric scaling of mechanical advantage.
Bis(4-methoxychalcone 4-ethylthiosemicarbazonato-κ2
N
1,S)zinc(II): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Tan Ming Yueh , Crouse Karen A. , Ravoof Thahira B. S. A. , Jotani Mukesh M. , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: January 2018

The title ZnII complex, [Zn(C19H20N3OS)2] {systematic name: bis[(N-ethyl-N′-{(Z)-[(2E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene]amino}carbamimidoyl)sulfanido]zinc(II)}, features a tetrahedrally coordinated ZnII ion within an N2S2 donor set provided by two N,S-chelating thiosemicarbazone anions. The resulting five-membered Zn,C,N2,S chelate rings adopt different conformations, i.e. almost planar and an envelope with the Zn atom being the flap atom. The configuration about the imine bond within the chelate ring is Z but those about the exocyclic imine and ethylene bonds are E. In the crystal, supramolecular [100] chains mediated by thioamide-N—H...S(thione) hydrogen bonds and eight-membered thioamide {...HNCS}2 synthons are observed. A range of interactions, including C—H...O, C—H...π, C—H...π(chelate ring) and π(methoxybenzene)—π(chelate ring) consolidate the packing. The Hirshfeld surface analysis performed on the title complex also indicates the influence of the interactions involving the chelate rings upon the packing along with the more conventional contacts.
Narrativity and its application in business ethics research
Authors: Lämsä Anna-Maija , Auvinen Tommi Pekka , Heikkinen Suvi Susanna , Sintonen Teppo
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a narrative framework for doing empirical research into business ethics and shows, through two examples, how the framework can be applied in practice in this context. The focus is on interview-based research.

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical research based on literature review was conducted.

Findings

In the developed narrative framework, two main kinds of analysis are distinguished: an analysis of the narrative and a narrative analysis. An analysis of the narrative is a matter of classifying and producing taxonomies out of the data. The purpose of a narrative analysis is to construct a story or stories based on the data. Narrative analysis differs from the analysis of narratives in that the story does not exist prior to the analysis, but is created during the analysis.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed narrative framework helps those doing empirical research into business ethics avoid simplistic “black and white” interpretations of their material, and helps them to show that ethical realities in the business world are often complex, various and multiple.

Practical implications

The paper offers a methodological framework for those doing qualitative research into business ethics which will increase the quality and rigor of their studies.

Originality/value

A value of the narrative approach is that the stories offer researchers an entry point to understanding the complexity of ethics and how people make sense of this complexity. The paper shows in detail how the methods presented can be used in practice in empirical research.
Meaningful dissemination produces the “long tail” that engenders community impact
Authors: Fenge Lee-Ann , Jones Kip , Gibson Camilla
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Lack of understanding of the needs of older LGBT individuals is a global issue and their needs are often ignored by health and social care providers who adopt sexuality-blind approaches within their provision. As a result, public services can find it difficult to push the LGBT equalities agenda forward due to resistance to change and underlying discrimination. The aim of this paper is to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

This report considers how a body of participatory research concerning the needs and experiences of older LGBT people was used to create innovatory dissemination tools, which then engaged communities through public engagement to learn about the needs and experiences of older LGBT citizens. Good research has a “long tail” – (in statistics, “a large number of occurrences far from the ‘head’ or central part of the distribution”). The report considers how a film and a method deck of cards, presented to service providers in several workshops over time, offered opportunities to learn and critically reflect upon an informed practice.

Findings

Because of the on-going feedback from our workshops, the authors, in turn, learned the importance of having a champion within a community organisation to take forward the LGBT agenda. A report of one such outreach champion is included here.

Originality/value

Consideration is given to challenges involved in creating impact through research, and how participatory community processes may enhance impact to develop over time.
Intraspecies variation in a widely distributed tree species regulates the responses of soil microbiome to different temperature regimes
Authors: Zhang Cui‐Jing , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Drake John E. , Reich Peter B. , Tjoelker Mark G. , Tissue David T. , Wang Jun‐Tao , He Ji‐Zheng , Singh Brajesh K.
Published: January 2018

Plant characteristics in different provenances within a single species may vary in response to climate change, which might alter soil microbial communities and ecosystem functions. We conducted a glasshouse experiment and grew seedlings of three provenances (temperate, subtropical and tropical origins) of a tree species (i.e., Eucalyptus tereticornis) at different growth temperatures (18, 21.5, 25, 28.5, 32 and 35.5°C) for 54 days. At the end of the experiment, bacterial and fungal community composition, diversity and abundance were characterized. Measured soil functions included surrogates of microbial respiration, enzyme activities and nutrient cycling. Using Permutation multivariate analysis of variance (PerMANOVA) and network analysis, we found that the identity of tree provenances regulated both structure and function of soil microbiomes. In some cases, tree provenances substantially affected the response of microbial communities to the temperature treatments. For example, we found significant interactions of temperature and tree provenance on bacterial community and relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Zygomycota, and inorganic nitrogen. Microbial abundance was altered in response to increasing temperature, but was not affected by tree provenances. Our study provides novel evidence that even a small variation in biotic components (i.e., intraspecies tree variation) can significantly influence the response of soil microbial community composition and specific soil functions to global warming.