bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Assessment of the GWAVA, SWAT and VIC Models in the Hydrological Modelling of the Upper Cauvery Catchment, India
Authors: Horan Robyn , Gowri R , Wable Pawan , Baron Helen , Keller Virginie , Garg Kaushal , Mujumdar Pradeep , Houghton-Carr Helen , Rees Gwyn
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a comparison of the predictive capability of three hydrological models in a heavily influenced catchment in Peninsula India. In catchments where there is a high dependence on both streamflow and groundwater to meet demands, it is of importance to capture the catchment processes correctly. This study highlights the performance evaluation of a multi-model ensemble consisting of GWAVA (Global Water AVailability Assessment) model, SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) and VIC (Variable Infiltration Capacity) model for comparative purposes and the key catchment hydrological processes. The three models were compared in several sub-catchments in the upstream reaches of the Cauvery river catchment. Model performances for monthly streamflow simulations from 1983 – 2005 were analysed for five catchments in the Upper Cauvery. The analysis was undertaken using Nash- Sutcliffe Efficiency, Kling- Gupta Efficiency and percent bias. Additionally, a mean ensemble is presented. The application of a multi-model ensemble approach can be useful in overcoming the uncertainties associated with individual models. The ensemble mean has a better predictive ability in catchments with reservoirs than the individual models. Utilising multiple models could be a suitable methodology to offset uncertainty in input data and poor reservoir operation functionality within individual models. This study has highlighted the importance of an accurate spatial representation of precipitation for input into hydrological models and comprehensive reservoir functionality is paramount to obtaining good results in this region.
Resveratrol Supplementation Attenuates Cognitive and Molecular Alterations Under Maternal High-Fat Diet Intake: Multigenerational Epigenetic Inheritance.
Authors: Izquierdo Vanesa , Palomera-Ávalos Verónica , Pallàs Mercè , Griñán-Ferré Christian
Published: December 2020

Environmental factors as maternal high-fat diet (HFD) intake can increase the risk of age-related cognitive decline in adult offspring. The epigenetic mechanisms are a possible link between diet effect and neurodegeneration across generations. Here, we found a significant decrease in triglyceride levels in a high-fat diet with resveratrol HFD+RV group and the offspring. Firstly, we obtained better cognitive performance in HFD+RV groups and their offspring. Molecularly, a significant increase in 5-mC levels, as well as increased gene expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a in HFD+RV F1 group, were found. Furthermore, a significantly increased of m6A levels in HFD+RV F1 were found, and there were changes in gene expression of its enzymes (Mettl3 and Fto). Moreover, we found a decrease in gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as Il1-β, Il-6, Tnf-α, Cxcl-10, Mcp-1 and Tgf-β1 in HFD+RV and HFD+RV F1 groups. Moreover, there was increased gene expression of neurotrophins such as Ngf and Nt3 and its receptors TrkA and TrkB. Likewise, an increase in protein levels of BDNF and p-Akt in HFD+RV F1 was found. These results suggest that maternal RV supplementation under HFD intake prevents cognitive decline in SAMP8 adult offspring, promoting a reduction in triglycerides and leptin plasma levels, changes in the pro-inflammatory profile, restoring the epigenetic landscape as well as synaptic plasticity.
The Effect of Crop Rotation and Cultivation History on Predicted Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Two Experimental Fields in the Moscow Region, Russia
Authors: Prokopyeva Kristina , Romanenkov Vladimir , Sidorenkova Nadezhda , Pavlova Vera , Siptits Stanislav , Krasilnikov Pavel
Published: December 2020

Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in arable soils is a challenging goal for soil management. Multiple factors should be considered for the prediction of the soil capacity to fix atmospheric carbon. In this study, we focused on the effect of crop rotation and previous land use for future carbon sequestration on two experimental fields with identical soils (Retisols) and input of organic fertilizers. We analyzed the SOC dynamics and used the Roth C model to forecast SOC changes under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Our experimental and modelling results indicated a consistent increase in SOC stocks and the stable fractions of soil organic matter (SOM). The increase in SOC was higher in the experiment with the crop-grassland rotation that in the experiment with a rotation of row crops and barley. With similar total SOC stocks, the efficiency of soil management differed as reflected by the contrasting composition of SOM, as fields with a long cultivation history showed higher SOM stability. The goal of 4‰ annual increase of SOC stocks may be reached under crop- grassland rotation in 2020-40 and 2080-90 when applying mineral or organic fertilizer system for scenario RCP4.5, and mineral fertilizer system in 2080-2090 for scenario RCP8.5.
THE EMBODIED ENERGY OF ARCHITECTURE
Authors:   Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki Wydział Inżynierii Lądowej Małopolskie Laboratorium Budownictwa Energooszczędnego, Furtak Marcin , Ciuła Michał ,   Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki Wydział Inżynierii Lądowej Małopolskie Laboratorium Budownictwa Energooszczędnego
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the complex subject of embodied energy in the contemporary construction industry. The importance of embodied energy is shown in the global environmental context. The ecological relationship between embodied energy and operational energy is discussed. The history of embodied energy analyses is presented and modern computer solutions, which currently help in sustainable architecture design, are suggested.
UNDERSTANDING THE MEME TERM FROM A GENERAL AND ARCHITECTURAL POINT OF VIEW
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine Faculty of Architecture Department of Informational technologies in Architecture, Holovatiuk Alina
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the notion of meme from the general, web and architectural point of view. The history of the creation and the process of further transformation of the term meme, which gradually penetrated from the initial genetic environment into the environment of media and technologies, is described. The disagreements are mentioned both in the interpretation of the concept of a meme and in the definition of a meme as a certain useful or harmful element of culture. By comparing the Internet meme and its main properties with the architectural meme, the characteristics of the last one are indicated.
IN SEARCH OF AN IDEAL PLACE TO LIVE, FROM THE PHILOSOPHY OF FENG SHUI, THROUGH THE VISIONS OF LE CORBUSIER AND UNITÉ D'HABITATION, TO THE NIGHTINGALE MODEL
Authors:   Doktorantka Instytutu Architektury i Urbanistyki Politechniki Łódzkiej, Motylska Monika
Published: December 2020

The feng shui philosophy, Le Corbusier's visions and the Nightingale model are three seemingly different approaches to the issue of housing. This article is an attempt to find similarities among all of the concepts and to indicate the main contrasts between them. The aim of this article is to find a set of features that make a perfect place to live.
ARCHITECTURE IN THE AGE OF DIGITALISATION AND CODING MEANINGS
Authors:   Politechnika Poznańska Wydział Architektury Instytut Architektury Wnętrz i Wzornictwa Przemysłowego, Słuchocka Katarzyna , Siewczyński Borys ,   Politechnika Poznańska Wydział Architektury Instytut Architektury, Urbanistyki i Ochrony Dziedzictwa, Szot Jan ,   Politechnika Poznańska Wydział Architektury Instytut Architektury, Urbanistyki i Ochrony Dziedzictwa
Published: December 2020

Architecture and context are the inseparable elements of the scene of existence. They determine its nature and its perception. Architecture does not exist without context, and itself creates another context. The progressing digitalisation of reality begins to create a virtual layer, understood in many ways, existing in the non-material space of zeros and ones that build a new global context for a given object. Buildings are no longer recognized in-situ, but through their (often distorted) image. The image and the essence of the space come apart, disturbing perception, and the surfeit of media and interactivity leads to blurring and relativisation of truth about architecture and its context. The chaos of meanings coded in architectural forms escapes human perceptive abilities, and this may result in reducing architecture to meaningless noise.
FORMATION OF FAN ZONES IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Department of Design and Architecture Fundamentals Institute of Architecture and Design Lviv Polytechnic National University, Petrovska Yuliana
Published: December 2020

The present article examines the question of organization of official fan zones in Kyiv and other cities of the world during the Olympic Games, World Cup, UEFA European Championship, and other sports events, their location indoors and in open areas. The paper identifies specific features and sets of elements for formation of fan zones, examines scholarly works on the issue of organization of fan zones in the urban environment, describes the methodology of the scientific research, presents pilot projects of design of fan zones for watching sports contests in the course training design.
NOVELTY IN ARCHITECTURE AS A FACTOR OF ITS DESIGN: A CONSERVATIVE VIEW
Authors:   Senior Researcher at the Scientific Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning (NIITAG), branch of the Central Institute for Research and Design of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Bembel Irina
Published: December 2020

The purposeful attitude towards novelty is a relatively young phenomenon. The attitude to the New as an independent value was shaped initially in the Renaissance (or in the late Middle Ages); it lies in the same channel with the theory of progress. The phenomenon of fashion was gradually formed under its influence and involved into its orbit almost all aspects of life, including art and architecture, one or another degree. The endless need for renewal is defined as one of the main features of modernity as a paradigm (‘modern’ as new, contemporary). What is fashion as a cultural phenomenon, and why did it acquire such great importance precisely in the Modern Times – the epoch of architectural ‘styles’? When does tradition become fashion? How are novelty and freedom, the two main values of the modern paradigm, related? How does the general attitude towards novelty affect the criteria for the aesthetic assessment of contemporary architecture? The category of fashion only recently has become a subject of philosophical reflection, while not affecting the sphere of architecture. In this article, the phenomenon of the New in architecture is considered from the point of philosophical traditionalism. Another starting point of reasoning is the method of the Viennese school of art history, formulated in the phrase “History of art as the history of the spirit”. The religious and philosophical context reveals a fundamentally different approach to the phenomena of novelty and freedom in tradition and modernity and deepens the understanding of the revolution that was carried out in modern architecture. Thus, it helps to substantiate S.O. Khan-Magomedov's idea of two superstyles and refutes the generally accepted point of view, according to which modern architecture directly inherits and evolutionarily develops the achievements of tradition. Taking this idea as a whole, we consider it more broadly – in the sphere of traditional and modern architecture.
CHARM OF PAST MEMORIES – VILLA ARCHITECTURE IN JAŚKOWA DOLINA IN GDAŃSK-WRZESZCZ
Authors:   Krakowska Akademia im. A.F. Modrzewskiego Wydział Architektury i Sztuk Pięknych, Kurek Jan
Published: December 2020

Wrzeszcz is one of the oldest suburban districts, incorporated into Gdańsk in 1814. In the nineteenth century, the district gained railway and tram connections and it developed dynamically. Rural buildings quickly gave way to manor houses, new villa districts were created. In the picturesque surroundings of forested hills, new eclectic villas were built along Jaśkowa Dolina Street. Most of them survived World War II and still enchants us with their beauty.
Effect of Turmeric and Garlic Inclusion to Sauropus androgynus-Bay Leaves Containing Diets on Performance, and Carcass Quality of Broilers
Authors: Santoso Urip , Fenita Yosi , Kususiyah Kususiyah , Rusdi Kiki , Savitri Elsa Marta , Simanjutak Novriska Winni
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to examine the effect of turmeric or garlic supplementation to fermented Sauropus androgynus-bay leaves (FSBL) containing diet on performance, carcass quality and meat organoleptic status in broilers. This study used a completely randomized design. Two hundred 15-day-old female broilers were grouped into 5  groups with 4 replications as follows: Diet with 0.5% commercial feed additive (P0); 1.25% FSBL containing diet (P1); 1.25% FSBL containing diet plus 1 g turmeric powder (P2); 1.25% FSBL containing diet plus 2 g garlic (P3); 1.25% FSBL containing diet plus 1 g turmeric and 2 g garlic (P4). The results showed that the use  of turmeric or garlic to FSBL containing diet did not affect body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, meat bone ratio, drip loss, and taste, odor, and texture of broiler meats (P>0.05) but affected cooking loss (P<0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of garlic and/or turmeric to fermented Sauropus androgynus-bay leaves containing diet did not improve performance and carcass quality in broiler chickens. Any combination of medicinal plants could replace commercial feed additive.
Antimicrobial Resistance, the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Lessons for the Orthopaedic Community
Authors: Metsemakers Willem-Jan , Zalavras Charalampos , Schwarz Edward M. , Chen Antonia F. , Trampuz Andrej , Moriarty T. Fintan
Published: December 2020

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely regarded as one of the most important global public health challenges of the twenty-first century. The overuse and the improper use of antibiotics in human medicine, food production, and the environment as a whole have unfortunately contributed to this issue. Many major international scientific, political, and social organizations have warned that the increase in AMR could cost the lives of millions of people if it is not addressed on a global scale. Although AMR is already a challenge in clinical practice today, it has taken on a new importance in the face of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While improved handwashing techniques, social distancing, and other interventional measures may positively influence AMR, the widespread use of antibiotics to treat or prevent bacterial coinfections, especially in unconfirmed cases of COVID-19, may have unintended negative implications with respect to AMR. Although the exact number of bacterial coinfections and the rate at which patients with COVID-19 receive antibiotic therapy remain to be accurately determined, the pandemic has revived the discussion on antibiotic overuse and AMR. This article describes why the COVID-19 pandemic has increased our awareness of AMR and presents the immense global impact of AMR on society as a whole. Furthermore, an attempt is made to stress the importance of tackling AMR in the future and the role of the orthopaedic community in this worldwide effort.
DESIGNING CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY FOR INDONESIA: THE DELPHI–ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS
Authors: Zams Bastian Muzbar , Indrastuti Ratih , Pangersa Akhmad Ginulur , Hasniawati Nur Annisa , Zahra Fatimah Az , Fauziah Indah Ayu
Published: December 2020

The emergence of stablecoins is a growing concern for authorities worldwide including Indonesia as it could affect financial stability. Thus, if a central bank chooses to develop a central bank digital currency (CBDC) to tackle this problem, the design should conform to the country’s characteristics and consumer needs. This study draws on experts’ opinions from various economic agents and utilises an amalgamation of the analytic network process (ANP) and the Delphi method to show that the cash-like CBDC model is the most appropriate digital currency design for Indonesia, since it could enhance financial inclusion and reduce shadow banking in Indonesia.
ESTIMATING A JOINT PROBABILITY OF DEFAULT INDEX FOR INDONESIAN BANKS: A COPULA APPROACH
Authors: Husodo Zaafri Ananto , Wibowo Sigit Sulistyo , Prasetyo Muhammad Budi , Arief Usman , Muhajir Maulana Harris
Published: December 2020

We develop a joint default probability index to signal potential systemic risks in the highly concentrated Indonesian banking industry. To build the index, we estimate bank-level tail risks using monthly bank financial reports. We use the copula approach to derive the joint multivariate dependencies at the bank level, as reflected in the monthly financial reports. Our results, which are based on a sample of 104 banks fromDecember 2003 to April 2020, show joint multivariate dependencies at the bank level suggesting that the standard univariate normal distribution is unsuitable for capturing tail risks of individual banks. Our index accurately captures the global financial crisis of 2007-2008 indicating that it is a valid joint default probability index. Further, our index also signaled a higher degree of joint default before the COVID-19 outbreak in2020, suggesting that it is a good indicator of potential systemic risk in the economy.
AN ANALYSIS OF HERDING BEHAVIOR IN THE STOCK MARKET: A CASE STUDY OF THE ASEAN-5 AND THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Rahman R. Eki , Ermawati Ermawati
Published: December 2020

We construct a new dataset to examine herding behavior in the ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand) and the US stock market. Our dataset consists of daily closing prices on the most liquid stock indices in the ASEAN-5 and the US stock market. Based on the Newey–West estimator, we show that the dominant global factor influencing herding behavior is the US federal funds rate, while the cross-market herding of the Singaporean stock market is the dominant regional factor that influence the other ASEAN stock markets. We find that herding behavior, caused by stock market index, spikes only occur in the Philippine stock market.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO SEXO POR MEIO DE MEDIDAS LINEARES E ÁREAS DO CRÂNIO DE ADULTOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Gomes Stéfany  de Lima , Carvalho Cardozo Ana Flávia , De Fátima Barros Cavalcante Denise , Daruge Júnior Eduardo , Ulbricht Viviane , Sarmento Pereira Neto João , Francesquini Júnior Luiz
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A Antropologia Física Forense tem como objetivo buscar a identidade e identificação de seres humanos, buscando informações para estimar o sexo, ancestralidade, idade, estatura. Para encontrar tais dados a Antropologia Física Forense divide-se em antropometria (mensurações lineares, ângulos) e antroposcopia. Objetivo: Buscou-se o dimorfismo sexual por meio da análise de medidas lineares e de área do crânio, bem como, obter um modelo de regressão logística para a determinação do sexo em brasileiros. Metodologia Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal de crânios secos de um Biobanco Osteológico e Tomográfico com sexo, idade, ancestralidade e causa da morte conhecidas. Realizou-se a calibração da pesquisadora em 25 crânios, em três momentos distintos, nestes foram estudas 6 medidas lineares e a soma de duas áreas. Para o estudo, foram realizadas medidas de 175 crânios (n=100%), sendo 96 do sexo masculino e 79 do feminino. Os dados foram tabulados no programa Microsoft Office Excel. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se o programa IBM® SPSS® 25 Statistics. Foram aplicados os testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Teste t, para análise dos dados e regressão logística Stepwise-Forward (Wald). Resultados: Observou-se que todas as medidas foram dimórficas, sendo que duas variáveis foram definidas para a elaboração do melhor modelo para dimorfismo sexual, sendo a correlação significante com 70,3% de acurácia. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o método quantitativo desenvolvido pode ser utilizado para a determinação do sexo, como método auxiliar
MatemaTIC: más allá de enseñar matemáticas en educación superior virtual
Authors: Rincón-Rojas Alexander
Published: December 2020

En el presente artículo se describe MatemaTIC como una estrategia académica para la consolidación y el fortalecimiento de las competencias matemáticas en el ámbito profesional, enmarcada dentro de lineamientos institucionales; que además se convierte en un escenario de vinculación y retención para los estudiantes en educación superior a distancia mediada por TIC. Los resultados emergen de un proceso investigativo de carácter cualitativo y de corte descriptivo, realizado durante varios periodos académicos con estudiantes que se ubican en diferentes regiones del país, en condiciones socioculturales diferentes; estos se enfocan en mostrar la estrategia dentro de una estructura didáctica institucional y algunas implicaciones de su realización. MatemaTIC se estructuro a partir de los lineamientos del modelo de entornos convergentes y se desarrolló en cuatro fases. Al final, se evidencia como MatemaTIC, mediante las situaciones utilizadas en las secuencias didácticas digitales están en sintonía con los problemas profesionales o académicos de su área. Por lo que esta relación hace que los estudiantes, por un lado, establezcan nexos funcionales entre el campo teórico de las matemáticas y los campos de aplicación — Administración de Empresas—, y, por el otro, que durante los diseños de las unidades didácticas contextuales el profesor deba actualizar de forma permanente sus conocimientos más allá de lo disciplinar.
A Novel Computational Model for Predicting Potential LncRNA-Disease Associations based on Both Direct and Indirect Features of LncRNA-Disease Pairs
Authors: Xiao Yubin , Xiao Zheng , Feng Xiang , Chen Zhiping , Kuang Linai , wang lei
Published: December 2020

Background: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely associated with human diseases, and it is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases to get the relationships between lncRNAs and diseases. Due to the high costs and time complexity of traditional bio-experiments, in recent years, more and more computational methods have been proposed by researchers to infer potential lncRNA-disease associations. However, there exist all kinds of limitations in these state-of-the-art prediction methods as well.Results: In this manuscript, a novel computational model named FVTLDA is proposed to infer potential lncRNA-disease associations. In FVTLDA, its major novelty lies in the integration of direct and indirect features related to lncRNA-disease associations such as the feature vectors of lncRNA-disease pairs and their corresponding association probability fractions, which guarantees that FVTLDA can be utilized to predict diseases without known related-lncRNAs and lncRNAs without known related-diseases. Moreover, FVTLDA neither relies solely on known lncRNA-disease nor requires any negative samples, which guarantee that it can infer potential lncRNA-disease associations more equitably and effectively than traditional state-of-the-art prediction methods. Additionally, to avoid the limitations of single model prediction techniques, we combine FVTLDA with the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for data analysis respectively. Simulation experiment results show that FVTLDA with MLR can achieve reliable AUCs of 0.8909, 0.8936 and 0.8970 in 5-Fold Cross Validation (5-fold CV), 10-Fold Cross Validation (10-fold CV) and Leave-One-Out Cross Validation (LOOCV), separately, while FVTLDA with ANN can achieve reliable AUCs of 0.8766, 0.8830 and 0.8807 in 5-fold CV, 10-fold CV, and LOOCV respectively. Furthermore, in case studies of gastric cancer, leukemia and lung cancer, experiment results show that there are 8, 8 and 8 out of top 10 candidate lncRNAs predicted by FVTLDA with MLR, and 8, 7 and 8 out of top 10 candidate lncRNAs predicted by FVTLDA with ANN, having been verified by recent literature. Comparing with the representative prediction model of KATZLDA, comparison results illustrate that FVTLDA with MLR and FVTLDA with ANN can achieve the average case study contrast scores of 0.8429 and 0.8515 respectively, which are both notably higher than the average case study contrast score of 0.6375 achieved by KATZLDA.Conclusion: The simulation results show that FVTLDA has good prediction performance, which is a good supplement to future bioinformatics research.
Corticosteroid Responsiveness in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease Admitted to the Emergency Department
Authors: Jang Hye Jin , Yong Seung Hyun , Leem Ah Young , Lee Su Hwan , Kim Song Yee , Lee Sang Hoon , Kim Eun Young , Chung Kyung Soo , Jung Ji Ye , Kang Young Ae , Kim Young Sam , Chang Joon , Park Moo Suk
Published: December 2020

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), has a poor prognosis. Corticosteroids are widely used in the treatment of acute exacerbation of ILD (AE-ILD). This study aimed to clarify the causes of AE-ILD, determine the efficacy of corticosteroids for treating AE-ILD, and detect differences in the mortality rate among subgroups of ILD. This was an observational retrospective single-center study. Patients with ILD who presented to the emergency department with acute respiratory symptoms from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, were included. Patients with AE-ILD were classified into two groups depending on the prednisolone dose: low dose (0 to 1.0 mg/kg) or high dose (>1.0 mg/kg). Mortality rates between patients with and without IPF were compared. This study included 182 patients with AE-ILD, including IPF (n=117) and non-IPF (n=65). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that corticosteroid dose (HR:0.221, CI:0.102–0.408, P<0.001), initial P/F ratio (HR:0.995, CI:0.992–0.999, P=0.006), and mechanical ventilation within 3 days of hospitalization (HR:4.205, CI:2.059–8.589, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for mortality in patients with AE-ILD. This study showed that outcomes improve with higher doses of corticosteroids (>1 mg/kg prednisolone) in patients with AE-non-IPF-ILD. However, this was not the case in patients with AE-IPF.
Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety Leads to A Poor Prognosis Following Angina Pectoris Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bai Bingqing , Yin Han , Guo Lan , Ma Huan , Wang Haochen , Liu Fengyao , Liang Yanting , Liu Anbang , Geng Qingshan
Published: December 2020

Background: Depression and anxiety are two common psychiatric problems in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are associated with poor cardiac prognosis. The comorbidity of depression and anxiety is considered to be a more severe psychological status than non-comorbid psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the relationship between depression or anxiety and noncardiac readmission. We conducted a prospective study on the prognostic impact of depression, anxiety, and comorbidity in angina pectoris (AP) patients. Method: In this prospective study, 443 patients with AP were included in the analysis. Follow-up assessments were performed 1 year, and 2 years after patient discharges. Clinical outcomes of interest included readmission, major cardiovascular event (MACE), and composite events. Depression and anxiety symptom scores derived from the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and generalised anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire were used to assess mood symptoms. Participants with symptom scores of ≥ 10 on both questionnaires formed the comorbidity group. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the impact of psychiatric symptoms on clinical outcomes.Results: Among all the AP patients, 271 (61.2%) had non-depression symptoms and 172 (38. 9%) were determined to have depression symptoms. As for anxiety symptoms, 316 (71.3%), and 127 (28.7%) patients had non-anxiety, and anxiety respectively. After controlling covariates, we found that patients who endured clinical depression (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–4.31, p=0.038) and anxiety ([HR] 2. 65, 95% [CI] 1.12–6.30, p=0.027) had a high risk of noncardiac readmission. Compared to participants with no psychiatric symptoms, those with comorbidities of depression and anxiety presented a greater risk of MACEs ([HR] 2.38, 95% [CI] 1.11–5.10, p=0.025) and noncardiac readmission ([HR] 2.91, 95% [CI] 1.03–8.18, p=0.043) while the single-symptom group did not show any significances on all the events.Conclusion: Depression and anxiety had predictive value for noncardiac readmission among patients with AP. Furthermore, prognoses were found to be worse for patients with comorbidities of depression and anxiety than those with single psychiatric symptoms. Additional attention needs to be focused on the initial identification and long-term monitoring of psychiatric comorbidity.
Unstable Vancouver B1 Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture Fixation: A Biomechanical Comparison Between Cerclage Wiring and C-Shaped Shape Memory Alloy Implant
Authors: Oh Seog-Hyun , Suh Yu-Sung , Eghan-Acquah Emmanuel , Yurevich Kollerov Mikhail , Won Sung-Hun , Baek Min Jung , Lee Sung-Jae , Choi Sung-Woo
Published: December 2020

Although cerclage wiring is a very useful implant, it has many problems. We manufactured an alphabet C-shaped clip with nitinol (C-clip) that has superelastic property to replace the cerclage wiring.This study aimed to compare the biomechanical stability of cerclage cable and the C-clip. Eighteen synthetic femora were tested. An unstable VB1 fractures model was constructed that oblique fracture line was 8cm below the lesser trochanter with fracture gab. The distal fixation was repaired with a locking plate and four bi-cortical screws. The proximal fixation was repaired two different methods: (1) four-threaded cerclage cables and (2) four new C-clip. In axial compression test, the C-clip was stiffer than the cerclage cable (median stiffness of C-clip = 39.28 N/mm [IQR; 38.84-41.19], cerclage cable = 34.90 N/mm [34.84-35.08], p<0.05). In the torsion test, the C-clip was 0.44 Nm/° [IQR; 0.44-0.45] and cerclage cable = 0.30 Nm/° [0.30-0.33], p<0.05). In the four-point bending test, the C-clip = 39.35 N/mm [IQR; 38.91-40.97] and cerclage cable = 28.38 N/mm, [28.33-30.79], p<0.05) The C-clip may be biomechanically superior to cerclage wiring in terms of stiffness, axial compression, torsion, and four-point bending tests and is a valuable alternative in Vancouver type B1 periprosthetic femoral fracture.
A Predictive Model and Socioeconomic and Demographic Determinants of Body Mass Index in Sudan
Authors: Abdallah Ahmed , Mohammed Mohammed , Ayele Dawit
Published: December 2020

This paper aims at determining the socioeconomic and demographic determinants related to Body Mass Index (BMI) for children under-five years in Sudan. This study uses the Sudan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted in the year 2014. The survey was conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics in cooperation with several national institutions. The objective of the study is to identify the factors of BMI for under-five children. The multinomial logistic regression model was adopted. Results revealed that the prevalence of underweight for infant’s under-five years was 86.3% for females and 85.3% for males, the proportion of the normal weight of infants under-five years of age for males is slightly higher than that of females; there is correlation amid geographic determinants; state, and BMI status. Also, there was a significant association between mother’s education and body mass index status and the wealth index and body mass index status. The variables place of residence and sex did not show a statistically significant relationship with body mass index status for the children under-five years of age in Sudan. In addition, the risk factors significantly associated with body mass were the state, child ever breastfeeds, sex, mother’s education, wealth index, and age in the month.
Impact of Social Distancing Associated with The COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity Levels and Associations With Mood State: An Internet-Based Survey
Authors: Puccinelli Paulo , Costa Taline da , Seffrin Aldo , de Lira Claudio , Vancini Rodrigo , Nikolaidis Pantelis , Knechtle Beat , Rosemann Thomas , Hill Lee , Andrade Marilia dos Santos
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a strong negative impact on economic and social life worldwide. It has also negatively influenced people’s general health and quality of life. The aim of the present study was to study the impact of social distancing on physical activity level, and the association between mood state (depression and anxiety level) or sex with actual physical activity levels, the change in physical activity during social distancing period, the adhesion level to social distancing, the adoption time of social distancing, family income and age. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire with personal, quarantine, physical activity, and mood state disorders information’s was answered by 2,140 female and male Brazilians who were recruited through online advertising. RESULTS: Thirty percent of the participants presented symptoms of moderate/severe depression and 23.3% displayed moderate/severe anxiety symptoms. A greater presence of symptoms related to anxiety and depression were associated with low physical activity levels, low family monthly income, and younger age. A higher percentage of men who had no mood disorders was observed among those who were very active than among those less active. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on physical activity. Those who reduced their level of physical activity had the highest levels of mood disorders. Therefore, considering all the non-communicable diseases and mental diseases associated with physical inactivity, humans are likely to be much more vulnerable during this period of social distancing, including that of combating a possible COVID-19 disease. Therefore, physical activity programs should be encouraged, while respecting the necessary social distancing to prevent the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Interleukin-17 Receptor A1 Gene Knockout Causes Weight Loss and Reduction of Intestinal Metabolism-Related Genes in The Japanese Medaka, Oryzias Latipes
Authors: Okamura Yo , Miyanishi Hiroshi , Kinoshita Masato , Kono Tomoya , Sakai Masahiro , Hikima Jun-ichi
Published: December 2020

In the intestine, the host must be able to control the gut microbiota and efficiently absorb transiently supplied metabolites, at the risk of enormous infection. In mammals, the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17A/F is one of the key mediators in the intestinal immune system. However, many functions of IL-17 in vertebrate intestines remain unclarified. In this study, we established a gene-knockout (KO) model of IL-17 receptor A1 (RA1), an IL-17A/F receptor, in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using genome editing technique and the phenotypes were compared to wild type (WT) based on transcriptome analyses. Upon hatching, homozygous IL-17RA1-KO medaka mutants showed no significant morphological abnormality. However, after 4 months, significant weight decreases and reduced survival rates were observed in IL-17RA1-KO medaka. Comparing gene-expression patterns in WT and IL-17RA1-KO medaka revealed that various metabolism- and immune-related genes were significantly down-regulated in IL-17RA1-KO medaka intestine, particularly genes related to mevalonate metabolism (mvda, acat2, hmgcs1, and hmgcra) and genes related to IL-17 signaling (such as il17c, il17a/f1, and rorc) were found to be decreased. These findings show that IL-17RA regulated immune- and various metabolism-related genes in the intestine for maintaining the health of Japanese medaka.
On The Reduction of Inaccuracies in Drought Monitoring - A Novel Blended Procedure for Standardized Type Drought Indicators
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Jiang He , Ali Zulfiqar , Nazeer Amna , Ni Guangheng , Qamar Sadia
Published: December 2020

Due to climate change and an increasing temperature, drought is prevailing in several parts of the globe. Therefore, drought monitoring is a challenging task in hydrology and water management research. Drought is occurring recurrently in various climatic zones around the world. In literature, in that respect, there are several drought monitoring indicators. Regardless of their pros and cons, their abounded creates a chaotic scenario in analysis and reanalysis in certain gauge station. This research aims to improve drought monitoring system by providing a comprehensive data mining approach under principle component analysis. Consequently, we propose a new index named: Seasonal Mixture Standardized Drought Index (SMSDI). In our preliminary analysis, we have included three multiscaler Standardized Drought Indices (SDIs). In application, we have applied our proposed indicator on three meteorological gauge stations located in Pakistan. For comparative assessment, individual SDI has used to investigate the association and consistency with SMSDI. Results presented in the current study demonstrated that the SMSDI has significant correlation with individual SDIs. Hence, we conclude that the procedure of SMSDI can be deployed in hydrology and water management research for extracting reliable information related to future drought.
Poly-cataclasites: Implications to the Seismic Cycle
Authors: Yeo Thomas , Takeshita Toru
Published: December 2020

Poly-cataclasites are rocks that have undergone multiple episodic deformational histories. These rocks retained the microstructures developed from older deformational events. They are a common occurrence in the Median Tectonic Line Japan and can be used to evaluate the changes in rock deformational processes throughout the earthquake cycle. Based on the description of mineralogical changes and the microstructures of the cataclasitic clasts, we are able to establish two main deformational events Microstructures of the co-seismic phase relates to the randomly oriented clast developed through fluidisation. Clast that are foliated formed during the aseismic phase through creeping accompanied by the precipitation of phyllosilicate minerals and the consumption of feldspathic minerals. We propose that the presence of crustal fluid circulation is essential in governing the poly-cataclasites deformational cycle providing insights into the underlying deformational processes during the earthquake cycle.
Specifically Designed Magnetic Biochar From Waste Wood for Arsenic Removal
Authors: Chen Chih-Kuei , Chen Jia-Jia , Nguyen Nhat-Thien , Le Thuy-Trang , Chang Chang-Tang
Published: December 2020

Arsenic is a kind of metal elements, widely distributed in nature. Many technologies, including adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separation and extraction, have been developed to treat arsenic-containing wastewater due to a series of drinking water safety problems caused by arsenic pollution. Biochar has some advantages of big surface area, low cost and so on. Therefore, waste wood was used as biochar, FeCl3·6H2O and KMnO4 were also used to promote the performance of arsenic removal. The results of XRD, BET, EA and VSM analysis show that modified biochar has major elements of Fe, Mn with KMnO4. The modified biochar (Fe1Mn1C1) has higher magnetism of 40 emu g-1. Through adsorption performance assessment, the best ratio of Fe/C is 1:1 and the adsorption efficiency and capacity of Fe1C1 is 61.6% and 0.681 mg g-1, respectively. Then, the best ratio of Mn, Fe and C is 4:1:1 with highest adsorption efficiency of 80.8% and capacity of 0.724 mg g-1. The best dosage of Fe1C1 and Fe1Mn2C1 is the same as 1 g L-1. It shows better adsorption capacity under higher pH with pristine biochar (PB) and Fe1C1 while under lower pH with Fe1Mn2C1. The adsorption patterns of PB and Fe1Mn2C1 fit Langmuir well. In contrast, adsorption pattern of Fe1C1 fits Freundlich well. In addition, three types of biochars all fit the pseudo second order adsorption kinetics.
The Changes of Leaf Reflectance Spectrum and Leaf Functional Traits of Osmanthus Fragrans are Related to the Parasitism of Cuscuta Japonica
Authors: Zhu Jiyou , Xu Qing , He Weijun , Yao Jiangming , Zhang Xinna , Xu Chengyang
Published: December 2020

Background: Studies on the influence of parasitism on plants based on hyperspectral analysis have not been reported so far. To fully understand the variation characteristics and laws of leaf reflectance spectrum and functional traits after the urban plant parasitized by Cuscuta japonica Choisy. Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. was taken as the research object to analyze the spectral reflectance and functional traits characteristics at different parasitical stages. Results: Results showed that the spectral reflectance was higher than the parasitic reflectance in the visible light and near infrared. The spectral reflectance in 750 ~ 1400 nm was the sensitive range of spectral response of host plants to parasitic infection, which is universal at different parasitic stages. We established a chlorophyll inversion model (y=-65913.323x+9.783, R2=0.6888) based on the reflectance of red valley (minimum band reflectance in the range of 640 ~ 700 nm), which can be used for chlorophyll content of the parasitic Osmanthus fragrans. There was a significant correlation between spectral characteristic parameters and chlorophyll content index. Through the change of spectral parameters, we can predict the chlorophyll content of Osmanthus fragrans under different parasitism degrees.Conclusion: After the host plant was invaded by parasitic plants, its leaf functional traits are generally characterized by thick leaf, small leaf area, small specific leaf area, low relative chlorophyll content, high dry matter content and high leaf tissue density. These findings indicate that the host plant have taken certain trade-off strategy to maintain their growth in the environment invaded by parasitic plants. Therefore, we suspect that there may be leaf economics spectrum in the parasitic environment, and there was a general trend toward "slow investment-return" in the global leaf economics spectrum.
“Case Series: Ischemic Stroke Associated with Hypercoagulability in Individuals with Severe Anorexia Nervosa.”
Authors: Mimura Yu , Shimizu Yusuke , Oi Hiroki , Kurose Shin , Kudo Shun , Takata Taketo , Mimura Masaru , Funayama Michitaka
Published: December 2020

BackgroundNumerous reports have indicated that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are at a relatively high risk of developing vascular diseases, including cardiovascular events and venous thromboembolism. However, there have been no previous reports of the development of ischemic stroke during refeeding therapy in patients with severe AN. This report is aimed at reporting the characteristics of an ischemic stroke in patients with AN.Case presentationsOur study cohort consisted of 29 admission cases (19 patients), who received thorough medical, neurological and psychiatric examinations. Two patients were diagnosed as having developed ischemic stroke; the first patient showed multiple asymptomatic infarctions in the brain, while the second showed symptomatic focal infarction. Our findings suggest that dehydration and arteriosclerosis, in association with severe malnutrition, could predispose to the development of ischemic stroke in patients with severe AN.ConclusionsDevelopment of ischemic stroke in patients with AN might be overlooked. Our case series suggest that dehydration and arteriosclerosis, in association with severe malnutrition, may predispose to the development of ischemic stroke in patients with severe AN. Watching out for neurological signs would help in early diagnosis of ischemic stroke in patients with AN.
Tailored microstructure and robust joint of Inconel 718/316L bimetallic multi-material fabricated by selective laser melting
Authors: Wen Shifeng , Chen Keyu , Che Yusi , Liu Yang , Gan Jie , Zhou Yan
Published: December 2020

In this study, selective laser melting (SLM) technology was used to fabricate Inconel 718/316L bimetallic multi-material with robust bonding strength, and a deep insight into the microstructural morphology, mechanical property and its strengthening mechanism of the joint was taken. The transition region with a wide of approximately 150 μm was defined and showed a dominating columnar region which was embedded in dispersed Laves phase occupied the molten of Inconel 718 closed to the joint. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern detected the strong peaks of γ', γ'' and a weaker peak of d phase precipitates. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed that a distinct grain coarsened region existing and Inconel 718 region had a strong fabric texture with a <001>// Z (BD) orientation. The shear strength of the as-built joint was calculated to be 449.5 MPa, which was comparable to the nickel/steel multi-materials formed by other traditional processing technologies.
Constructing a malaria-related health service readiness index and assessing its association with child malaria mortality: an analysis of the Burkina Faso 2014 SARA data
Authors: Millogo Ourohiré , Doamba Jean Edouard Odilon , Sié Ali , Utzinger Juerg , vounatsou penelope
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) surveys generate data on the readiness of health facility services. We constructed a readiness index related to malaria services and determined the association between health facility malaria readiness and malaria mortality in children under the age of 5 years in Burkina Faso.
Methods: Data on inpatients visits and malaria-related deaths in under 5-year-old children were extracted from the national Health Management Information System (HMIS) in Burkina Faso. Bayesian geostatistical models with variable selection were fitted to malaria mortality data. The most important facility readiness indicators related to general and malaria-specific services were determined. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was used to construct a composite facility readiness score based on multiple factorial axes. The analysis was carried out separately for 112 medical centres and 546 peripheral health centres.
Results: Malaria mortality rate in medical centres was 4.8 times higher than that of peripheral health centres (3.46% vs. 0.72%, p<0.0001). Essential medicines was the domain with the lowest readiness (only 0.1% of medical centres and 0% of peripheral health centres had the whole set of tracer items of essential medicines). Basic equipment readiness was the highest. The composite readiness score explained 30% and 53% of the original set of items for medical centres and peripheral health centres, respectively. Mortality rate ratio (MRR) was by 59% (MRR = 0.41, 95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI): 0.19-0.91) lower in the high readiness group of peripheral health centres, compared to the low readiness group. Medical centres readiness was not related to malaria mortality. The geographical distribution of malaria mortality rate indicate that regions with health facilities with high readiness show lower mortality rates.
Conclusion: Performant health services in Burkina Faso are associated with lower malaria mortality rates. Health system readiness should be strengthened in the regions of Sahel, Sud-Ouest and Boucle du Mouhoun. Emphasis should be given to improving the management of essential medicines and to reducing delays of emergency transportation between the different levels of the health system.

Keywords: Bayesian geostatistical models, Burkina Faso, Composite readiness index, Malaria, Service Availability and Readiness Assessment