bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguocultural markers of text
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Vorontsova Inna A. , Barushkova Svetlana B. ,   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Petrova Elena E. ,   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky
Published: July 2021

The aim of the research is to provide a comprehensive linguocultural characteristic of a folk tale. The research is based on the material of the Irish Fairy and Folk Tales tale anthology, compiled and edited by W. B. Yeats. The research results allow for a suggestion that linguocultural markers are to be found on both ideologic-compositional and speech levels of a text. Thus, the motives of Christian morality form the basis for reciprocal altruism which is the conceptual entity of Irish folk tales. The tale structure is often linear and consists of a short introduction, the main part and the climax turning into a short sharp denouement. Irish folk tales are often a metaphor for the rite of passage. The didactic function of tales consists in demonstrating the possibilities of sin purge through their recognition and repentance. Tales also set social rules and norms. Culture-specific language units encountered in the texts of Irish folk tales belong to different levels of the English language system. The phonetic level reveals such features as metathesis, final consonant reduction, imitation of aspiration, alliteration, wordplay based on homophony, etc. They imitate a peculiar Irish accent and exert some vernacular effect. The lexical level is represented by culture-bound vocabulary including ethnographical terms, anthroponyms and geographical names, both real and invented, various kinds of borrowings from Irish Gaeilge,quotations etc. Some cultural features are exhibited in grammar and text rhythm, chiefly through the use of specific verb forms of Irish English as well as certain correlations of repetition-based rhythmic devices – polysyndeton, diacope, anaphora, epizeuxis, symploce etc. The study of linguocultural text markers gives a comprehensive idea of intra- and extralinguistic characteristics of the tale.
Mass media discourse as an innovative means of representing the image of China in the British media language
Authors:   Siberian federal university, Krasnoyarsk, Kuzmin Dmitriy N. , Kozhura Nadezhda A. ,   Siberian federal university, Krasnoyarsk, Smirnova Diana A. ,   Siberian federal university, Krasnoyarsk
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, mass-media discourse is a common object of study in various research works. This is connected with the fact that information and telecommunication technologies are developing at a fast pace. Mass media discourse is inseparable from society, that is, a large audience for whom information is transmitted in a simplified form.The media seeks to influence public consciousness through mass-media discourse, forming certain attitudes and values in the public mind. The aim of the study is to identify the main conceptual characteristics of China's image, as presented in the British mass media discourse. The research analyzes articles on political and economic issues about China published by the British media. By means of contextual, conceptual and semantic analysis the authors identify and describe such basic conceptual characteristics of China's image being formed in the British mass-media discourse, as China – a business partner of Great Britain, China – a threat to the global economy, China – a state with slowing down development. The first conceptual characteristic presents China as a state it is economically profitable to cooperate with. The second one, in turn, indicates that the state of its economy affects the situation in the world. As for the third characteristic, it describes China as a country with less progressive development. In addition, there is a semantic classification of the lexical units characterizing China, as well as a comparative analysis of the percentage of words and expressions used. These conceptual characteristics are expressed by such parts of speech as nounsadjectives, verbs and adverbs, as well as by verb phrases. The words and expressions used fully describe Great Britain, confirming the accuracy of the highlighted characteristics.
Peculiarities of occasional substitution in phraseological units with a colour-component.
Authors:   Kostroma state university, Tretyakova Irina Y.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to occasional transformations of phraseological units in the modern Russian language. The relevance of the study is based on the attention of scientists to the problems of variability of language units in speech. The novelty of the study is based on insufficient knowledge about transformation capacity of idioms from various thematic, phraseological and semantic groups and fields. One of the groups unites idioms with the colour-component featuring semantic peculiarities, which determine specific transforming processes. The article studies transformations of phraseological units with the component white by means of substituting the component white by occasional components. Analyzing phraseological semantics, the author regards specific features of the colour-adjective both as a phraseological component and a free lexical unit. It is important to mention that color-words may function as a symbol. The article deals with idioms where a colour-component either represents meaningful semantic elements or conveys a symbolic meaning, or it is excluded from phraseological semantics. To define transformation peculiarities of idioms, the author analyzes component substitutions based on paradigmatic connections among colour-words and on their asystemic connections. The results of the research demonstrate dependence of transformation capacity on the degree acolour-component is involved in forming a phraseological meaning: the less a component participates in forming a phraseological meaning, the more possibilities for transformations are presented in speech and, thus, the higher transformation capacity is.
Admiral Shishkov, General Akhverdov, Major Shchulepnikov and «Russian Grammar» by J. S. Vater
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Lukin Oleg V.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the history of writing «Russian Grammar» by the famous German linguist J. S. Vater. It analyzes the peculiarities of his scientific activity and the prerequisites for the appearance of his Russian Grammar from the standpoint of narrative linguistic historiography. Modern narrative linguistic historiography pays particular attention to the periods right before the appearance of new linguistic paradigms. Such was the period of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when the main experts on the Russian language in the Russian Empire, for various reasons, were Germans, and Russian grammars written by German authors became the most common Russian language textbooks.J. S. Vater is known in the history of linguistics not only as a disciple and successor of J. C. Adelung, but also as one of the founders of Slavic studies, the author of «Practical Grammar of the Russian Language» and «The Book for Reading in the Russian Language». The appearance of J. S. Vater's works was associated with such Russian military and political figures as A. S. Shishkov, N. I. Akhverdov and M. S. Schulepnikov, who also contributed to the development of Russian culture and Russian linguistics, as well as with his teacher's nephew F. P. Adelung. J. S. Vater published his very first grammar of the Russian language in 1808 in Leipzig. In this work, he relied on the «Russian grammar for Germans» published in Moscow in 1789 by J. Heym, professor of the Faculty of Linguistics at Moscow University
Economic and statistical analysis of russian regions' environmental and economic activity localization
Authors:   Voronezh state university, Treshhevskij Yury I. , Kosobuczkaya Anna Y. ,   Voronezh state university, Garin Lev K. ,   Russian university of economics named after G. V. Plekhanov (Voronezh branch)
Published: July 2021

Currently, many scientists and economists write about the seriousness of global environmental problems, paying great attention to the interdependence of ecology and economic development. The ecological situation in the regions of Russia directly depends on the impact of economic sectors on the environment. At the same time, the important features of a sustainable economy are the efficient use of natural resources, reduction of environmental pollution, low carbon emissions, etc. The study of the ecological situation requires constant updating of materials, the identification of new patterns of development. This study is a comprehensive analysis of the localization of the ecological and economic activity of Russian regions. In the process of processing the materials, official statistical data on the state of the social, economic and ecological subsystems of the regions were used. The results of the analysis made it possible to identify a number of patterns in the distribution of Russian regions, taking into account the localization of environmental and economic activity. To form virtual groups of regions, homogeneous in terms of the totality of indicators characterizing the ecological and economic activity of Russian regions, we used cluster analysis, which is a research method that allows for a multidimensional grouping of objects. As a result, observations are depicted by groups of points in geometric space, called clusters. By analyzing the dendrogram, the regions of the country are divided into a certain number of clusters. Since clustering by the K-means method does not automatically rank clusters, they are sorted by the sum of normalized indicators, and the higher the value of the sum of these indicators, the more unbalanced the cluster is. The use of this method has been widely reflected in the study of the problems of socioeconomic development of regions.
Occlusion and occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition in Emirati schoolchildren
Authors: Padmanabhan Vivek , Madan Bayan , Shahid Sundus
Published: July 2021

Background: The prevalence of occlusion and various occlusal characteristics differ between populations. Major contributions to these different types of occlusion and occlusal features include ethnic, genetic and environmental factors. Purpose: The objective of the study was to understand the type and prevalence of terminal plane relationships and other occlusal traits, including physiological spacing and primate spacing, in Emirati schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 458 participants in the age range of 3–6 years. A clinical evaluation was performed to record other occlusal characteristics. The data was then subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The present study revealed that the bilateral flush terminal plane was seen in 40.8% of the examined children, the bilateral mesial step in 37.3% and the bilateral distal step in 1.7%. It was found that 44.5% of the examined children had physiologic space in both the upper and lower arches, while 14.19% of them had physiologic space only in the upper arch, 2.18% had it only in the lower arch, and 39% of them had no physiologic space. Primate space was found to be present in both the upper and lower arches in 46% of the examined children. Conclusions: The bilateral flush terminal plane relationship was the most common, and the bilateral distal step was the least common of the terminal plane relationships. In addition, primate spacing had a lower prevalence when compared to other studies.
The Elementary Proof of the Riemann's Hypothesis
Authors: Feliksiak Jan
Published: July 2021

This research paper aims to explicate the complex issue of the Riemann's Hypothesis and ultimately presents its elementary proof. The method implements one of the binomial coefficients, to demonstrate the maximal prime gaps bound. Maximal prime gaps bound constitutes a comprehensive improvement over the Bertrand's result, and becomes one of the key elements of the theory. Subsequently, implementing the theory of the primorial function and its error bounds, an improved version of the Gauss' offset logarithmic integral is developed. This integral serves as a Supremum bound of the prime counting function Pi(n). Due to its very high precision, it permits to verify the relationship between the prime counting function Pi(n) and the offset logarithmic integral of Carl Gauss. The collective mathematical theory, via the Niels F. Helge von Koch equation, enables to prove the RIemann's Hypothesis conclusively.
Analysis Study of Hybrid Magnetic Equivalent Circuit of IPMSM
Authors: Song In-Soo , Jo Byoung-Wook , Kim Ki-Chan
Published: July 2021

Recently, the demand for electric vehicle is increasing worldwide due to eco-friendly policies and stricter emission regulations. As a traction motor for electric vehicle, interior permanent magnet synchronous motors are mainly used. For the design of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, the magnetic equivalent circuit method, which is a method of lumped constant circuit, and the finite element method, which is a method of distributed constant circuit, mainly are used. Magnetic equivalent circuit method is useful for simple design through fast and intuitive parameters, but it cannot derive the distribution of magnetic field. The finite element method can derive an accurate magnetic field distribution, but it takes a long time to analyze and it is difficult to analyze intuitive design parameters. In this paper, magnetic equivalent circuit method and Carter coefficient are mixed for rotor structure design. This design method will be called the hybrid magnetic equivalent circuit method. Intuitive design parameters are derived through this hybrid magnetic equivalent circuit method. We will derive the Air gap flux density distribution according to rotor shape, no-load induced voltage, and cogging torque, and compare and verify it with the finite element method.
Mouth Washing Impaired SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Saliva
Authors: Costa Monique Melo , Benoit Nicolas , Tissot-Dupont Hervé , Million Matthieu , Pradines Bruno , Granjeaud Samuel , Almeras Lionel
Published: July 2021

Background. A previous study demonstrated the performance of the Salivette® (SARSTEDT, Numbrecht, Germany) as a homogeneous saliva collection system to diagnose COVID-19 by RT-qPCR, notably for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. However, for convalescent patients, the corroboration of molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in paired nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and saliva samples was unsatisfactory. Objectives. The aim of the present work was to assess the concordance level of SARS-CoV-2 detection between paired sampling of NPSs and saliva collected with Salivette® at two time points, with ten days of interval. Results. A total of 319 paired samples from 145 outpatients (OP) and 51 healthcare workers (HW) were collected. Due to significant waiting rate at hospital, most of the patients ate and/or drank in waiting their turn. Consequently, a mouth washing was systematically proposed prior saliva collection. None of the HW were diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 positive using NPS or saliva specimens at both time points (n=95) by RT-qPCR. The virus was detected in 56.3% (n=126/224) of the NPS samples from OP, but solely 26.8% (n=60/224) of the paired saliva specimens. The detection of the internal cellular control, the human RNase P, in more than 98% of the saliva samples, underlined that the low sensitivity of saliva specimens (45.2%) for SARS-CoV-2 detection was not attributed to an improper saliva sample storing or RNA extraction. Conclusions. Then, the mouth washing decreased viral load of buccal cavity conducting to impairment of SARS-CoV-2 detection. Viral loads in saliva neo-produced appeared insufficient for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2. At the time that saliva tests could be a rapid, simple and noninvasive strategy to assess on large scale schooled children in France, the determination of the performance of saliva collection become imperative to standardize procedures.
An interdisciplinary approach to the comprehensive diagnosis and rehabilitation of children with congenital facial malformations and dentoalveolar anomalies
Authors:   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Gaivoronskaya T.V. , Badeeva E.A. ,   Penza State University, Penza, Russian Federation, Vasil’ev Yu.A. ,   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Murashkina T.I. ,   Penza State University, Penza, Russian Federation, Arutyunov А.V. ,   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Ayupova F.S. ,   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The traditional treatment and prophylaxis of congenital facial malformations in children takes into account the results of wellknown instrumental research methods such as photometric facial analysis, orthopantomography, lateral teleradiography of the head, diagnostic models of jaws. Modern removable and non-removable appliances (functional and mechanical) are used in the treatment. At the same time, the functional effect involves relieving the muscle tension in the maxillofacial region and neck using the techniques of myofascial, segment-reflex massage of the cervical-collar zone and the palate, reliesing the tongue-root tension. To assess the effectiveness of restoring the myodynamic balance of the muscles of maxillofacial area, it is necessary to develop modern diagnostic methods. Our clinical experience shows the possibility of determining microsensory changes in the parameters of the head and neck region using non-invasive nano-, micro- and fiber-optic diagnostic and rehabilitation technologies. The developed diagnostic methods are safe for the patient and allow obtaining reliable research results. An interdisciplinary approach will help to improve the rehabilitation of children with congenital facial malformations. Key words: cleft lip and palate, diagnosis, treatment, interdisciplinary approach, children
pengaruh perubahan dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui komitmen organisasi
Authors: Panjaitan Julfrida
Published: July 2021

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi informasi pada bidang perbankan berdampak pada pergeseran pola bisnis konvensional ke arah digital. Pergeseran ini menyebabkan perubahan struktural dan pengurangan jumlah karyawan pada bank- bank di Indonesia. Pada PT Bank Panin KCU Plaza Pasifik terjadi hal sebaliknya yaitu jumlah karyawan bertambah tiap tahunnya namun kinerja karyawan mengalami penurunan padahal sudah ada budaya organisasi yang jelas dan komitmen organisasi dalam peningkatan sumber daya manusia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh perubahan organisasi dan budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan komitmen organisasi sebagai variabel intervening di PT bank Panin KCU Plaza Pasifik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan tetap PT Bank Panin KCU Plaza Pasifik yang berjumlah 210 orang karyawan. Penelitian tesis ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui kuisioner yang telah diisi oleh karyawan PT Bank Panin KCU Plaza Pasifik. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan teknik analisa structur equestion modelling (SEM) dengan menggunakan software statistik Partial Least Square (PLS).        Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perubahan organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT Bank Panin KCU Plaza Pasifik, budaya organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT Bank Panin KCU Plaza Pasifik, komitmen organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT Bank Panin KCU Plaza Pasifik, perubahan organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap  komitmen organisasi, budaya organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi, perubahan organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui komitmen organisasi, dan budaya organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui komitmen organisasi.

 

Kata Kunci – Perubahan Organisasi, Budaya Organisasi, Komitmen Organisasi , Kinerja Karyawan
Pengaruh Kualitas SDM Dan Akses Informasi Terhadap Akses Permodalan Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kinerja UMKM Mitra LPDB-KUMKM
Authors: Ari Sulistiogo
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kualitas SDM, akses informasi, akses permodalan, kualitas sumberdaya manusia, terhadap kinerja dari Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah di  wilayah Jawa Barat. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan Teknik Random Sampling. Teknik ini untuk memperoleh anggota sampel (pemilik atau pengelola UMKM) yang terdapat di kabupaten/kota wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terbukti bahwa kualitas SDM berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap akses permodalan; akses informasi UMKM mitra LPDB berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap akses permodalan; akses permodalan berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap Kinerja UMKM; kualitas SDM tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja UMKM; akses informasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja UMKM; dan terakhir akses permodalan memiliki kontribusi yang besar dalam memediasi pengaruh kualitas SDM atau akses informasi terhadap kinerja UMKM
THE EFFECT OF CUSTOMER GRATITUDE AS MEDIATION IN THE RELATIONSHIP OF MARKETING INVESTMENTS ON BEHAVIORAL LOYALTY
Authors: Mohammad Sofwan Effendi  , Dewi Agustin Pratama Sari
Published: July 2021

This research aims to examine the effect of marketing investments conducted by binder manufacturers such as direct mail, tangible rewards, interpersonal communication, and preferential treatment towards behavioral and customer gratitude as mediator variables. This research is a quantitative study with 95 respondents from binder manufacturers. The sampling technique used is the convenience sampling technique. The data that has been obtained is processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 for Windows program. Based on this research, marketing investments such as direct mail, tangible reward, and preferential treatment have a significant relationship with the variable customer gratitude. Besides, interpersonal communication activities do not have a substantial effect on customer gratitude. Preferential treatment by binder producers has the most significant positive impact on customer gratitude than other marketing investment variables. Finally, it is also known those customer gratitude customers due to the effect of marketing investment activities by binder manufacturer influence customer behavioral loyalty.
ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE DETERMINANTS OF THE ALLIANCE STRATEGY EMPIRICAL STUDY ON LEARNING GUIDANCE IN DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Maikel Rudianto  , Unggul Purwohendi  , Budi Santoso
Published: July 2021

The alliance strategy is one solution to the speed of competition in the business or business world. Strategic alliances are cooperative strategies in the form of partnerships that help unify each party's strengths to mutually benefit in the form of benefits and long-term competitiveness in the market. The alliance's strategy can be assessed as successful or not by measuring the strategic alliance's performance because the most commonly used alliance measure is performance. Whether or not an alliance strategy adopted by a company is healthy is to evaluate its alliance strategy's implementation.

This research was conducted using non-sampling or census methods as many as 132 (one hundred and thirty-two) branches in DKI Jakarta in one of the companies in the education sector originating from Japan and developing an alliance strategy in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and met with the owners or direct branch leaders.

From this study, it is concluded that Goodwill trust, Competence Trust, and Tangible & Intangible Resources Sharing positively influence the performance of the alliance strategy. Also, Tangible & Intangible Resources Sharing as an intervening variable can mediate the relationship between Goodwill trust and Competence Trust on the alliance's strategy's performance.
Model of governance for an urban mangrove in a context of ungovernability and social exclusion
Authors: Sánchez-Rubio Fernando , Saldarriaga-Isaza Adrián , Sanchez-Rubio Guillermo
Published: July 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Does Interactive Ultrasound Intervention Relieve Minor Depressive Symptoms in Pregnancy? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pulliainen Henrika Peppiina , Ahlqvist-Björkroth Sari , Ekholm Eeva
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPerinatal depression, especially minor depression, is common during pregnancy and is likely to continue into the postpartum period. It impairs the mother’s health, infant’s neurodevelopment, and the mother-infant relationship. Screening for perinatal depression is recommended; however, there is no uniform alignment of how to treat depressive symptoms while simultaneously supporting the mother-infant relationship. Ultrasound screenings might be potential as an intervention method because it has shown to improve maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women. Our aim is to develop a 4 dimensional-based (4D) interactive ultrasound intervention and test whether it relieves minor depressive symptoms and improves maternal-fetal attachment. Previous studies show that supporting the mother-infant relationship aids in relieving maternal depression. Until now, few studies have combined pregnancy ultrasound and psychological support. MethodsA controlled randomized setting was designed to assess whether interactive 4D-ultrasound intervention would decrease maternal depressive symptoms, strengthen maternal-fetal attachment, and mother-infant relationship. A sonographer and a psychologist specialized in infant mental health conduct the interventions. The focus of the session is to jointly observe the behavior of the fetus according to the mothers’ wishes. Altogether, 100 women scoring 10-15 in Edinburgh Pre/-Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and with singleton pregnancy will be recruited using a web-based questionnaire. Half of the participants will be randomized to the intervention group and will receive three interactive ultrasound examinations. The primary outcome is the change in the mean EPDS score. EPDS measurements will be done at three time points: before and after the intervention and four to five months after delivery. The secondary outcomes are maternal representations that will be assessed using the Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI) and prenatal attachment that will be assessed using the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS) questionnaire. The postnatal mother-infant interaction will be assessed with the Parent-Child Early Relational Assessment (PCERA) and Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS). DiscussionUltrasound is widely used during pregnancy. The interactive approach is unique and it would be feasible as part of routine screenings and maternity clinic visits. Intervention decreasing depression and simultaneously supporting maternal-fetal attachment could be a valuable addition in treating minor depression among pregnant women. Trial registrationRegistered on January 5th 2018, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03424642. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03424642
Potential Risk Related To The Reuse of Faecal Sludge In Agriculture: Proposal For An Ecological Treatment Method Based On Active Charcoal
Authors: Kouam Arnold Landy Fotseu , Gideon Ajeagah Aghaindum , Amoah Isaac Dennis , Pierre Tsomene Namekong , Nadège Okoa Amougou Thérèse
Published: July 2021

This study is aimed at highlighting the risks associated with the reuse of faecal sludge and proposed a sustainable treatment method. The sampling consisted of collecting samples of faecal sludge in 5L of sterilized containers and then transporting to the laboratory in a refrigerated chamber for the determination of helminth eggs using standard protocols. The experimental device consisted of two replicates, one test and one control. The test samples received active charcoal at different concentrations (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6). The physico-chemical parameters were measured before and after treatment. The samples were then observed under the optical microscope at the 40X objective for morphological identifications. Molecular analysis was carried out using the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. The viability of the eggs were determined using incubation and staining techniques. Analyses showed that the sludge used for irrigation contained eggs and larvae of 6 helminth species (S. stercoralis, A. duodenale, N. americanus, T. trichiuria, H. nana and Ascaris spp.) with viability percentages ranging from 57.72% to 74.46%. Treatment with active charcoal allowed significant adsorption of these parasites with yields ranging from 95 to 100%. In addition, the carbon used has favoured the alkaline stabilisation of the medium, which increases its absorption potential. It can therefore be used in the treatment of sludge because, unlike other chemical disinfectants, it does not present any toxic effects.
Anti-Tetrachiral Auxetic Structures Fabricated by Material Extrusion: Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties Under Compressive Loading
Authors: Teraiya Soham Kantilal , Vyavahare Swapnil , Kumar Shailendra
Published: July 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Ginkgo Biloba Extracts Inhibit Ischemic LTP Through Attenuating EPSCs In Rat Hippocampus
Authors: Liu Yong , Ding Supeng , Luan Yifei , Zhu Zhichao , Liu Yingkui
Published: July 2021

Ginkgo biloba extract 761 (Egb761), a standardized extract from the Ginkgo biloba leaf, is purported to inhibit NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal excitotoxicity and protect neurons form ischemic injury. However, the specific signal pathway involved in the effects of Egb761 on synaptic plasticity is still in dispute. In this article, effects of Egb761 and its monomer component Ginkgolide A (GA), Ginkgolide B (GB) and Ginkgolide C (GC) on rat hippocampal synaptic plasticity were studied. The evoked Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and miniature EPSCs were recorded on hippocampal slices from SD rats (14–21 days of age) by whole-cell patch-clamp recording and long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced by theta-burst stimulation. Acutely applied Egb761 inhibited the LTP, but bilaterally affect the EPSCs, that is EPSC increase at lower concentration of Egb761, then EPSC decrease at higher concentration of Egb761. Egb761 monomer component GA, GB and GC could also inhibit the TBS-induced LTP and EPSC amplitude but not paired-pulse ratio (PPR). Simultaneously, Egb761 and its monomer components inhibited the post-ischemic LTP (i-LTP) by inhibiting the EPSCs and the AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 expression on postsynaptic membrane. The results indicated that high concentration of Egb761 might inhibit LTP and i-LTP through inhibition effects of GA, GB and GC on AMPA receptors.
Integrated Constructed Wetland (ICW) System a Sustainable Novel Technique for Urban Wastewater Management
Authors: Sudarsan Jeyaraman Sethuraman , Annadurai Ramasamy , Nithiyanantham Subramanian
Published: July 2021

The present study focuses on various aspects of Integrated Constructed Wetland System (ICW) systems with reference to its efficiency, and eco-friendliness in the treatment of domesticwastewater. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) impurity level is in the ranged from 383 mgl-1 to 248 mgl-1, chemical oxygen demand (COD)420 mgl-1 to 340 mgl-1, Total Phosphorus (TP) 10.2 mgl-1 to 5 mgl-1 and Total Nitrogen (TN) 18.9 mgl-1 to 14.8 mgl-1 respectively over a period of one year (SRM University). The influent contaminants are degradable in nature especially with high TP and TN concentrations. Six units of Constructed Wetland System (ICW)units are built with uniform dimensions of 2×1× 0.9 m based on EPA and TVA.The wetland plants chosen areTypha Latifolia and Phragmites Australis. Among the wetland units, Typha oriented units are observed to perform better with a reduction efficiency of 87% for BOD, 86% for COD, 70% for TP and 78% for TN proving that Typha Latifoliais a better aquatic plant for overall wastewater treatment. The removal efficiency increases with time and reaches maximum in 192 hrs. To substantiate the experimental study output, Statistical analysis (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis with normality plot has carried out. It isevident that thepercentage removal of many parameters especially organic parameters over a period of time in treating with different wetland units is highly significant.
The basis of α-hemolysis Negative Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates from Beijing Children’s Hospital
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Sun Chen , Qian Suyun , Liu Yingchao , Yao Kaihu , Dong Fang , Song Wenqi
Published: July 2021

Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Clonal Complex 59 (CC59) clone has spread among Chinese children, resulting in many Staphylococcus aureus infections. α-hemolysin (Hlα) is an important virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus, but little research has been done on CC59 isolates with negative α-hemolysis. Results. During the 4 periods (2009-2011, 2012-2013, 2016, 2017), 291 MRSA isolates were collected. Isolates with β and δ hemolysis accounted for 60.47% among the MRSA isolates in 2009-2011; 56.41% in 2012-2013; 77.14% in 2016; and 56.25% in 2017. most ST59 isolates (94.38%), 9 ST338 isolates (100%) showed β and δ hemolysis, both ST59 and ST338 clone belong to CC59 clone. Twenty-two ST239 isolates (73.33%), 8 ST88 isolates (80%), 4 ST5 isolates (100%), 13 ST22 isolates (92.86%) and 6 ST398 isolates (85.71%) showed α and δ hemolysis. α hemolysin in most clinical isolates is highly conservative, each showed one amino acid locus variation, the most common mutation was threonine at position 275 instead of isoleucine, then glutamic acid replaced aspartic acid at 208. Seventeen ST59 and 2 ST338 isolates had no mutation, 3 ST59 isolates showed single mutation (C448G), and only one ST59 isolate showed multilocus mutation. Other ST typing, such as ST1, ST5, ST88, ST20, ST239 and ST398, all had multilocus mutations, sites were from 3 to 8, no conservative sequence was found among isolates with the same ST typing. The carrying rates of RNA III, Rot, agrA, SarR, SarU and SigB were all over 93%, the carrying rates of SarZ and SarA genes were 41.86% and 34.88% respectively. Trancriptional levels of hlα in isolates showed α and δ hemolysis and β and δ hemolysis were equal. USA300 and R23 produced Hlα, R23 didn’t showed α hemolysis phenotype.Conclusions. Most clinical CC59 isolates from children in China were α hemolysis negative. There was no statistically significant difference in hlα gene and RNA expression, they produced the protein. The reason for the phenotypic deletion probably related to β hemolysin (Hlβ).
Evidence for a Recent Formation of the Isthmus of Panama 0.6 Mya
Authors: Brikiatis Leonidas
Published: July 2021

The exact age of the final formation of the Isthmus of Panama is a critical reference point for oceanographic, climatic, biogeographic, and evolutionary hypotheses. Geotectonic evidence suggests that the isthmus was completed between 12 Mya and 3 Mya, and an age of 3–4 Mya has been used as a benchmark in hundreds of studies over the past 30 years. Phylogeographic data indicate the existence of marine connections across the isthmus much more recently, however. I reconsider the available geotectonic, biostratigraphic, oceanographic, and paleoclimatic data and show that multiple lines of indirect evidence suggest that four transisthmian seaways may have persisted until as recently as the onset of the Middle Pleistocene (~ 0.6 Mya). Subduction of the Cocos Plate beneath one transisthmian seaway (the only seaway featuring a deep sill) caused rapid tectonic shoaling and reorganisation of oceanic currents, which coincided with a major glacioeustatic sea level fall ~ 950–917 Mya that led to a temporary closing of the Bering Strait. This resulted in unusual and contrasting climate phenomena, including the “900-Kyr (cold) event” and the “greening” of South Greenland during the MIS 22 glacial maximum. The concurrence of the final formation of the Isthmus of Panama with the mid-Pleistocene Transition of glacial/interglacial periodicity suggests a tight relationship between these events.
Sequential Treatment of Landfill Leachate By Advanced Oxidation Processes and Struvite Precipitation
Authors: lavudya Sushma , vodnala maneesha , Dheeravath Bhagawan , Panga kiran kumar , saranga Vijaya krishna , Golla Shankaraiah , V Himabindu , Suranani Srinath
Published: July 2021

Landfill leachate contains organic, inorganic compounds, heavy metals, ammonia, and xenobiotic compounds which are considered unsafe for discharging into surface water which requires to be treated before its discharge into the water. In this paper, preliminary studies are reported on the application of Fenton, Struvite, and Electrooxidation processes for the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and ammonia from landfill leachate. Various operational parameters like pH, dosage, reaction time, and applied voltage were optimized in laboratory batch experiments and evaluated for removal of COD and ammonia. Results demonstrated that the Fenton process could effectively remove COD and ammonia by 75% and 23% respectively at 210 min for Fe+2:H2O2: 1:5 at a fixed pH 3. The Struvite process has been effective in the removal of ammonia by 74% at pH 9 with the dosage of Mg+2:PO43-:NH4+ at 1:1:1 ratio. Results from Electrooxidation for COD and ammonia were observed as 58.25% and 44% respectively at the applied voltage 8 V for a reaction time of 60 min. The efficiency of treatment processes was also evaluated in Sequential processes for COD and ammonia i.e., Sequence-I (Fenton-Electrooxidation-Struvite) and Sequence-II (Fenton-Struvite) at pre-optimized conditions. The sequential processes have been depicted, the removal efficiencies of COD and ammonia of 89% and 82% by Sequence-I; 76.77%, and 77% by Sequence-II respectively. The present study demonstrates that Fenton followed by Electrooxidation and Struvite is an effective treatment process that can enhance the treatment of landfill leachate.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of AH Plus Sealer Modified with Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Afkhami Farzaneh , Nasri Shifteh , Valizadeh Sara
Published: July 2021

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of AH Plus sealer modified with silver nanoparticles. Methods: Forty sound teeth were obturated using lateral compaction technique except for five teeth as the negative controls. After considering five teeth as the positive controls, the remaining teeth were assigned to two groups (n=15) in terms of the sealer used (AH Plus sealer and silver nanoparticle-modified AH Plus). Bacterial leakage was evaluated in saliva using the two-wall technique in every 24 hours. When all the samples in the test groups were contaminated, the study was terminated. The data were analyzed with log-rank statistical test.Results: The samples became contaminated with bacteria until the end of the third month in both groups. There was no significant difference in microleakage time between study groups (P>0.05).Conclusions: The incorporation of silver nanoparticles at concentrations tested into the AH Plus sealer did not prevent bacterial leakage.
Soils Acidity Characterization, Mapping and Lime Recommendation of Jimma Arjo District, East Wollega Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Bulo Fayisa Olana , Desta Hailu Shiferaw
Published: July 2021

Background: Soil fertility is one of the major constraints of agricultural production and productivity. Soil fertility atlas shows plant nutrient status and is useful for decision making in fertilizers and other amendments advisory service for farmers. The objectives of this research were to study the farming activity, assess the acidity status of the soils, map and recommend the right amount of lime for acidic soils. Result: A total of 199 soil samples were collected across Jimma Arjo district at 1.5 km grid interval from a depth of 0 - 20 cm for annual and 0 - 50 cm for perennial crops. The total area of the district was 76,574 ha. Soil reaction (pH), electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable acidity (EA) were done at Nekemte Soil Research Center. Exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K, Na) were analyzed by wet chemistry analysis at Yara Analytical Services, England. Critical levels adopted by the Ethiopian Soil Information System (EthioSIS) project were used for characterization of the soil properties. Soil reaction (pH) ranged from 4.45 to 6.87 in which 17.1 and 78.4% of the total area was covered by strongly acidic soils and slightly acidic soils, respectively. Agricultural lime (Ag-lime) was required for 17.87% of the total area and 12.63%, 4.36% and 0.88% of the total area require lime at a rate of 0 - 1, 1 - 2, and 2 - 4.1 tons/ha respectively. Conclusion: The highland areas of the district are more populated and there is high pressure on soil, cooler temperature and higher rainfall than lowlands which resulted in soil acidity of the highlands. The magnitude and extent of soil acidity in the area is expanding and liming is very important as an entry point to mitigate further expansion. The observed dependency of the soil acidity on landscape position could be a proxy indicator of the difference in fertility status of the two landscapes.
A CH-Controlled Colorimetric Probe Based on Anthracene Carboximide for the Near-Infrared Detection of Cyanide
Authors: Shao Haibing , Chen Xi , Zhu Tingting , Chen Zhihua , Hu Yan , Zhang Hua , Wang Zhonghua , Liu Chuanxiang
Published: July 2021

A novel CH-controlled colorimetric probe based on anthracene carboximide was developed for the near-infrared detection of cyanide. The probe was constructed by attachment of a CHCN binding site to anthracene carboximide fluorophore, and it showed a significant visual change from yellow-green (535 nm) to deep violet (825 nm) with a larger redshift (≈290 nm) when interacting with cyanide. The C-H deprotonation sensing mechanism was confirmed by 1H NMR titration. Additionally, colorimetric test paper was conveniently used to detect cyanide in aqueous solutions. The near-infrared detection of cyanide by CH-controlled probes was founded for the first time.
The Deubiquitin Enzyme USP28 Maintains the Viability of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells through Stabilizing the RecQ Family Helicases
Authors: Peng Jin , Wang Jiewei , Dong Yiping , Ma Huailu , Wu Lingzhi , Zhen Xinghua , Tang Lichun , Jin Jianping , Han Suxia , Zhang Pumin
Published: July 2021

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer lacks significant expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. It is the more aggressive and malignant kind of breast cancers and is currently without any effective targeted therapies.Methods: We have screened for genes in the ubiquitin-proteasome system that are essential for the proliferation and survival of TNBC cells via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. Growth of TNBC cells were assayed using cell and tumor xenograft models to validate the vital role of USP28. We employed cell biology and biochemical methods to uncover the mechanisms underlying the requirement of USP28 for the proliferation of TNBC cells.Results: USP28, a deubiquitin enzyme, is an essential gene for TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Compromising the function of USP28 causes TNBC cells to arrest in S/G2 phases with DNA damage checkpoint activation. We show that RecQ family helicases are regulated by USP28, which is more important in TNBC cells than in other breast cancer cells. We further showed that a small molecule inhibitor of USP28 displayed anti-tumor activities against xenografts derived from TNBC cells.Conclusion: Our data establish a critical role played by USP28 in supporting the proliferation and viability of triple negative breast cancer cells through stabilizing RecQ family helicases and support USP28 as a therapeutic target for TNBC.
OLFML2B is a Prognostic Biomarker in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zhang Jun , Meng Fanjie , Yan Yijie , Wang Bin , Guan Zhiyu
Published: July 2021

Objective: The olfactomedin (OLF) and olfactomedin-like (OLFML) domain family consists of at least four members, including OLFML2B, which promotes the EMT, metastasis and invasion of cancer. However, the function of OLFML2B in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of OLFML2B in LUAD and LUSC.Methods: The genetic alteration and expression of OLFML family genes were analyzed in cBioPortal, Oncomine and TIMER database, respectively. In addition, GEPIA and UALCAN database were used to evaluate the mRNA expression of OLFML2B in LUAD and LUSC and the correlation with clinicopathological features. The protein expression of OLFML2B in STAD was explored in The Human Protein Atlas. Furthermore, the prognostic value of OLFML2B was estimated with overall survival (OS) and post-progression survival (PPS) in Kaplan-Meier plotter database. In order to evaluate the association between OLFML2B expression and cancer immune infiltrations, TIMER database was evacuated. GO enrichment and GSEA analysis were performed between OLFML2B and the associated genes associated from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The single-cell RNA sequence (scRNA-seq) of OLFML family members were detected in TISCH database.Results: We found varying degrees of genetic variation among the four OLFML family members, among which OLFML2B displayed the highest incidence rate of genetic variations. The OLFML2B mRNA expression was found to be significantly higher in various cancerous tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, including LUAD. The protein level of OLFML2B suggested the upregulation in LUAD and LUSC compared with adjacent normal tissues. The further exploration of OLFML2B in clinical indicated it correlated to the smoking habit, later clinical stages, nodal metastasis and TP53 mutation in LUAD and LUSC patients. The Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that the increased OLFML2B level was significantly associated with the poor prognosis of LUAD patients. OLFML2B mRNA expression level had obviously negative correlations with infiltrating levels of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, whereas was significantly associated with Treg cells, tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. GSEA results revealed that inflammation response was significantly enriched in samples with higher expression of OLFML2B.Conclusions: These findings suggest that OLFML2B works as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration, which is considered as a predictor of the effectiveness of immunotherapy in LUAD and LUSC. The scRNA-seq analysis revealed that OLFML2B promoted the tumor growth and aggressiveness of LUAD and LUSC.