bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Untuk Guru Sma Kartikatama Kota Metro
Authors: Qomariah Siti , Rosyidah Ummi , Mariana Erni , Wardany Kusuma , Kinasih Ayang , Utami Endang Sri
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Scientific work can be used by teachers as a facility for communicating new information, ideas, studies, and research results to the general public. The preparation of scientific papers is very meaningful for the professional development of teachers, but in reality, the culture of writing scientific papers among teachers is still low. Meanwhile, the teacher can write scientific papers based on the implementation of the teacher's creativity and criticality in the daily activities that are observed and experienced in creating a better quality of education to achieve maximum learning results. This program aims to conduct training in the preparation of scientific papers in this matter scientific postings for teachers of SMA Kartikatama Metro. This program is carried out using a classical approach which is tried by giving lectures and delivering modules and individual approaches are tried when accompanying participants in writing scientific papers. Achievement of the target number of participants as well as the objectives of this training can be assessed as good. Within 2 weeks as many as 3 teachers have tried to write scientific posts. All the modules that have been planned can be informed to the participants, even though there are many time constraints there are some modules that are informed in an outline. The expertise of the participants can be seen from the ability to compose scientific papers that can be considered good.Keywords: scientific work; teacher; training. Abstrak: Karya ilmiah dapat digunakan guru sebagai fasilitas mengomunikasikan informasi baru, gagasan, kajian, serta hasil riset kepada khalayak umum. Penyusunan karya ilmiah sangat berarti untuk pengembangan keprofesionalan guru, tetapi pada kenyataannya budaya menulis karya ilmiah di kalangan guru masih rendah. Sementara itu guru bisa menulis karya ilmiah bersumber pada implementasi kreatifitas serta kekritisan guru terhadap kegiatan tiap hari yang diamati serta dialaminya dalam menciptakan mutu pendidikan yang lebih baik sehingga menggapai hasil belajar yang maksimal. Tujuan program ini merupakan melakukan pelatihan penyusunan karya tulis ilmiah dalam perihal ini postingan ilmiah untuk guru SMA Kartikatama Metro. Program ini dilaksanakan memakai pendekatan klasikal yang dicoba dengan membagikan ceramah serta penyampaian modul serta pendekatan individual dicoba pada saat mendampingi peserta dalam menulis karya ilmiah. Ketercapaian sasaran jumlah partisipan serta tujuan pelatihan ini bisa dinilai baik. Dalam kurun waktu 2 pekan sebanyak 3 orang guru sudah berupaya menulis postingan ilmiah. Seluruh modul yang sudah direncanakan bisa di informasikan kepada paserta, walaupun terdapat banyak keterbatasan waktu terdapat sebagian modul yang  di informasikan secara garis besar. Keahlian paserta dilihat dari kemampuan menyusun karya ilmiah yang dapat dinilai baik.Kata kunci: guru; karya ilmiah; pelatihan.
Penggunaan Metode Dirosa Dalam Pembelajaran Al-Qurâ€™an di Institut Agama Islam Sultan Muhammad Syafiuddin Sambas
Authors: Nasikhah Umi
Published: November 2023

Setiap umat Islam mempunyai kewajiban untuk belajar membaca al-Qurâ€™an dan mengajarkannya. Institut Agama Islam Sultan Muhammad Syafiuddin Sambas terus berupaya meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam membaca al-Qurâ€™an dengan metode pembelajaran al-Qurâ€™an yang tepat. Fokus Penelitian ini adalah apasaja metode yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran al-Qurâ€™an di Institut Agama Islam Sultan Muhammad Syafiuddin Sambas? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan metode pembelajaran al-Qurâ€™an yang digunakan di Institut Agama Islam Sultan Muhammad Syafiuddin Sambas adalah metode Dirosa (dirasah orang dewasa). Metode Dirosa adalah pola pembinaan al-Qurâ€™an dan dasar-dasar keislaman yang dikelola secara sistematis, berjenjang dan berlangsung terus-menerus yang dirancang khusus bagi orang dewasa.Â
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM TOLERANSI DALAM NOVEL BUMI CINTA KARYA HABIBURRAHMAN EL SHIRAZY
Authors: Hakiman Hakiman
Published: November 2023

This study aims to find and describe the values of tolerance education in a novel entitled Bumi Cinta by Habiburrahman el Shirazy. This research is a library research with the primary data from the novel which is supported by secondary data to enhance the depth of this research. Data collection technique used documentation, while data analysis technique used content analysis. The results of the study show that the values of tolerance education in the novel Bumi Cinta by Haburrahman el Shirazy encourage the readers to: a) live in harmony between religious communities, b) do not impose oneâ€™s will, do not impose religion, c) respect differences of opinion, d) do good to others, e) respect different ways of worshiping, f) respect differences in places of worship, g) and respect the rights of others. The values of tolerance education are the values of Islamic education that needed to be presented in social life.Keywords: values, islamic education, tolerance, novel bumi cintaAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dan mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai pendidikan toleransi dalam novel Bumi Cinta karya Habiburrahman el Shirazy. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan data primer dari novel yang didukung dengan data sekunder untuk menambah kedalaman penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumentasi, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai pendidikan toleransi dalam novel Bumi Cinta karya Haburrahman el Shirazy mendorong pembaca untuk: a) hidup rukun antar umat beragama, b) tidak memaksakan kehendak, tidak memaksakan agama, c) menghormati perbedaan pendapat, d) berbuat baik kepada orang lain, e) menghormati perbedaan cara beribadah, f) menghormati perbedaan tempat ibadah, g) dan menghormati hak orang lain. Nilai-nilai pendidikan toleransi merupakan nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam yang perlu dihadirkan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat.Kata Kunci: nilai, pendidikan Islam, toleransi, novel bumi cinta
IMPLEMENTASI AKAD ISTISHNA’ PADA PRODUK PEMBIAYAAN SKIM MIKRO TATA SANITASI DI KOPERASI SYARIAH BENTENG MIKRO INDONESIA
Authors: Awaliyah Nita , Suharno Hadi , Safitriawati Tita
Published: November 2023

Hasil Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa implementasi akad istishna’ pada produk pembiayaan skim mikro tata sanitasi di Koperasi Syariah Benteng Mikro Indonesia dalam perspektif fikih muamalah sudah tidak lagi dilakukan secara paralel (istishna’ paralel). Pelaksanaan akad antara anggota dengan pihak koperasi didahului dengan tahapan wa’d (janji) yang bersifat mulzim (mengikat). Mekanisme pelaksanaan pembiayaan skim mikro tata sanitasi mengacu pada SOP yang telah di tetapkan oleh Koperasi Syariah Benteng Mikro Indonesia. Dalam analisis penerapan fatwa DSN MUI Nomor 06/DSN MUI/IV 2000 tentang istishna’ dan fatwa DSN MUI Nomor 22/DSN MUI/III/2002 tentang istsihna’ paralel sudah  terimplementasikan dengan baik. Dalam memenuhi ketentuan  poin fatwa DSN MUI mengenai hak khiyar pihak koperasi mengaplikasikan dengan memberikan  garansi kepada anggota selaku mutshani’ dan kesepakatan akad terus dilanjutkan.
PENGARUH NON DEBT TAX SHIELD, RISIKO BISNIS, ASSET TANGIBILITY DAN GROWTH OPPORTUNITY TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL PADA PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2016-2019
Authors: Astuti Nita , Nuraini Luthfi
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui non debt tax shield, risiko bisnis, asset tangibility dan growth opportunity terhadap struktur modal pada perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia periode 2016-2019. Metode pemilihan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, sehingga diperoleh 13 perusahaan dengan data pengamatan (n) = 52 dengan analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis disimpulkan bahwa secara parsial variabel Asset Tangibilty berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Struktur Modal, sedangkan variabel non debt tax shield, risiko bisnis dan growth opportunity tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Struktur Modal. Secara simultan non debt tax shield, risiko bisnis, asset tangibility, growth opportunity berpengaruh terhadap Struktur Modal.
PENGARUH INSENTIF TERHADAP EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT (STUDI PADA CV. ASSTRO TAROGONG GARUT)
Authors: Rusdian Suca , Rismayani Nizma
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh employee engagement di CV. Asstro Tarogong Garut yang belum optimal. Salah satu yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan employee engagement adalah melalui program insentif yang sesuai. Ketepatan dan kelancaran pemberian insentif harus diperhatikan karena jika insentif yang diterima dalam kenyataan sering tidak lancar tentunya akan membuat semangat dan antusias kerja karyawan akan menurun. Karena jika insentif diberikan sesuai dengan harapan dan pekerjaan yang diselesaikan oleh karyawan, maka karyawan akan merasa puas dan termotivasi untuk bekerja sehingga dapat meningkatkan employee engagement, karena karyawan yang engaged akan melakukan upaya yang semestinya dalam organisasi serta termotivasi untuk meningkatkan produktifitasnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh insentif terhadap employee engagement pada CV. Asstro Tarogong Garut. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan perumusan masalah asosiatif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan pada CV. Asstro Tarogong Garut. Teknik Pengumpulan Sampel yang digunakan adalah Nonprobability Sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 36 karyawan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan instrumen validitas, uji instrument reliabilitas, uji koefisien korelasi rank spearman serta uji kofeisien determinasi dengan menggunakan SPSS Versi 20. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dan analisis statistik dengan menggunakan uji korelasi rank spearman terdapat pengaruh yang “kuat” antara variabel Insentif terhadap Employee engagement.
ANALISA PERBANDINGAN NILAI SUKUK IJARAH SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH REVISI PSAK 110 PADA PASAR MODAL SYARIAH
Authors: Widayati Neneng
Published: November 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan bukti empiris perbedaan nilai sukuk ijarah sebelum dan sesudah revisi PSAK 110 terhadap pasar modal syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan purposive sampling. Adapun sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 perusahaan (emiten) dengan periode laporan keuangan selama 5 tahun. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan yang mengeluarkan sukuk ijarah di pasar modal syariah periode 2014-2018. Metode pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka dan dokumentasi data sekunder, teknik yang digunakan adalah analisis uji beda dengan menggunakan uji Paired-sample T-Tes,serta Koefesien Regresi.Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan antara nilai sukuk ijarah sebelum dan sesudah revisi PSAK 110 terhadap perkembangan nilai sukuk ijarah yang beredar di pasar modal syariah. Hasil ini dibuktikan dari nilai t hitung sebesar 0,772 dengan nilai probabilitas (sig-t) sebesar 0,462 karena nilai sig lebih besar dari 0,05 maka tidak ada pengaruh secara signifikan antara nilai sukuk ijarah sebelum revisi PSAK 110 dengan perkembangan nilai sukuk nilai sebelum dan sesudah revisi PSAK 110.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRICE EARNING RATIO PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR FARMASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2015-2020
Authors: Astuti Nita
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh price to book value, ukuran perusahaan, fixed asset turnover, net profit margin dan debt to equity ratio terhadap price earning ratio pada perusahaan sektor farmasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015-2020. Metode pemilihan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, sampel yang diperoleh 8 perusahaan dengan data pengamatan (n) = 48. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi data panel, dengan menggunakan software eviews 9. Hasil analisis menunjukkan secara parsial price to book value dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap price earning ratio, dan secara parsial fixed asset turnover dan net profit margin berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap price earning ratio. Sedangkan secara parsial debt to equity ratio tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap price earning ratio. Dan Secara simultan price to book value, ukuran perusahaan, fixed asset turnover, net profit margin dan debt to equity ratio berpengaruh terhadap price earning ratio.
Study of Free-living Protozoa in Azerbaijan
Authors: Seidova L.
Published: November 2023

The article provides data on the biological significance of two groups of free-living Protozoa: testate amoebae and free-living ciliates. Their importance and role in the main biological processes of production and destruction of organic matter in both water and soil ecosystems are indicated. A review of the knowledge of these two groups of Protozoa in Azerbaijan is given in chronological order, indicating the most important publications of the early authors as well as modern ones. A review of modern works on the ecology of free-living Protozoa was carried out, including practical importance for humans (The use of Protozoa as indicators of the organic pollution degree and in toxicological studies).
Anthophila Fauna of Semi-desert and Mountain Ecosystems in Nakhchivan
Authors: Maharramov M. , Rustamli Yu.
Published: November 2023

As a result of long-term (2004-2021) studies conducted in the Nakhchivan, 405 species of Anthophila belonging to 6 families and 50 genera were registered. Vertical zones and plant formations of semi-desert and mountainous ecosystems are given according to literature data. The distribution of Anthophila in these ecosystems is given based on the results of many years of scientific research. Desert and semi-desert ecosystems, limited by elevations of 700-1200 m, occupy the majority of the territory. Divided into separate plains along the left bank of the Araz river. The plain is covered with desert, semi-desert, steppe plant formations, 102 species of Anthophila were found in this zone. The zone, partially expanding from west to east between altitudes of 1200-1500 m, is represented by low mountains. The dry mountain slopes of the zone are covered mainly with frigan vegetation. Analyzing the results of our research, it was found that 173 species of Anthophila are distributed in the low-mountain zone. The mid-mountain belt occupies an area at an altitude of 1500-2400 m above sea level. Here there are natural forests and agrocenosis of local form, located along the river valleys. The presence of semi-deserts, steppes and edge meadows created plant formations with a definite species composition. It has been established that 218 species of Anthophila are distributed in the mid-mountain zone. Four types of landscape are distinguished here, and a large number of species are calculated due to the presence of different biotopes. The high-mountain zone is mainly covered with subalpine, alpine meadows, surrounded by a narrow strip of heights of 2400-3906 m. Mountain-meadow, meadow-steppe types of vegetation create a transition between both zones. In the highland zone, 64 species of bees were represented. These species are more common in biotopes on the southwestern slopes of mountains, on sloping plains, in alpine and subalpine meadows.
Leaf-eating Insects Damaged to Sugar Beet (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Gazi S.
Published: November 2023

Provides information on pests belonging to the Chrysomelidae family of the Coleoptera order based on the research conducted in the farms of Imishli district, which is one of the main sugar beet growing regions of Azerbaijan. During the research years, 3 species (Chaetocnema concinna (Marsham, 1802), Ch. breviuscula (Faldermann, 1837), Cassida nebulosa Linnaeus, 1758) belonging to 2 genera (Chaetocnema Stephens, 1831, CassidaLinnaeus, 1758) of the Chrysomelidae family of the Coleoptera order were found in the stationary fields was observed. Information about some bioecological and phenological characteristics of the mentioned species is reflected in the article.
Assessment of Soil Fertility Status in Greenhouses (On the Example of the Enterprise for Municipal Improvement and Amenity Planting of Osh City, Kyrgyz Republic)
Authors: Koshueva K. , Zhumabaeva T.
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the environmental problems of the country, which worsen the state of the environment and the health of residents of large cities of Kyrgyzstan. The possibility of improving the environmental situation in cities is being considered. Studies of the state of soils in the territories for planting green spaces have been carried out. The issues of formation of a favorable environment in urban conditions are considered. Types of plant pathology have been identified. Techniques for increasing the stability of artificial plantings have been developed. Recommendations for improving the efficiency of the urban green space system are proposed.
Epidemiological Situation on Animal Echinococcosis in Azerbaijan
Authors: Rustamova S.
Published: November 2023

The spread of echinococcosis is possible if the pathogen circulates between animals. A study was carried out of the epidemiological and epizootic situation regarding echinococcosis among animals on the territory of Azerbaijan. Fecal samples from dogs were collected individually and examined using standard methods. Nematode infections were tested using the Kotelnikov-Khrenov method, and cestode infections were tested using the Shcherbovich method. A total of 128 dogs were examined. It has been established that the highest level of infection of animals with echinococcosis is registered in the Guba, Gusar, Gabala, and Gakh districts. This situation requires a more in-depth study and development of appropriate anti-epidemiological measures.
Current State Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Echinococcosis (Literature Review)
Authors: Beishenaliev A. , Maikanaev B. , Niyazov A.K. , Kudaiberdiev A. , Mamyshov A. , Zhynzhyrov B. , Osmonbekova N.
Published: November 2023

The essence of this article is about the state of diagnosis and treatment of echinococcosis of the abdominal cavity, namely the hepatoduodenal region. In this work, we studied the existing problems in the diagnosis and treatment of echinococcosis based on those studied and described in scientific works by various authors. And as sources showed us, the treatment of echinococcosis remains an incompletely resolved problem, despite a lot of work. The advantages and disadvantages of surgical interventions have been studied. The main surgical directions in the treatment of this pathology in hepatobiliary surgery, from minimally invasive interventions to traditional, radical methods of surgery, have been identified. Each method of operation made its contribution to the treatment of echinococcosis and determined its limits in application for a particular patient. Data from domestic and foreign literature have given their assessment that at the moment there is no gold standard in the treatment of echinococcosis of the hepatobiliary region. Many authors believe that the best treatment method is minimally invasive interventions, since they do not particularly affect the quality of life of patients in the long term, but there are disadvantages. Traditional methods of surgery are highly traumatic for patients, which worsens the quality of life. In this regard, the percentage of complications does not tend to decrease. As a result, it was found that there is no single gold standard for surgical treatment, which leaves the question open, relevant and requires research to develop new diagnostic algorithms, new methods of surgical treatment to improve the quality of life of patients with echinococcosis of the hepatobiliary region.
Artificial Intelligence Using Python: Technologies and Applications
Authors: Pirmatov A. , Azimov B. , Kamalov S.
Published: November 2023

This article explores the significant role of Python in the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI). It covers fundamental AI concepts such as neural networks, machine learning, and deep learning, as well as key Python libraries used in this field. A brief overview of the history of AI is provided, starting from its early concepts and progressing to modern achievements. Python is regarded as the primary tool in AI development, and popular libraries and frameworks like TensorFlow, PyTorch, and scikit-learn are introduced. The article includes specific code examples and demonstrations of operations with Python libraries for machine and deep learning. It discusses AI application areas such as natural language processing, computer vision, recommendation systems, and robotics, along with examples of successful projects in these domains.
Text as a Means of Forming Communicative Competence in Russian Language Lessons in Kyrgyz School
Authors: Chepekova G. , Segizbaeva N.
Published: November 2023

The article reveals the role of text as a means of developing students’ communicative competence when teaching Russian as a second language. Communicative competence is one of the key personal competencies necessary for interaction in a multicultural world. The use of Russian as a second text as the main language unit in lessons contributes to the development of basic types of speech activity, consolidation of language material and the formation of communicative competence. Definitions of the text are given, the stages of working on the text are considered. An example of working with text in Russian language lessons in the 8th grade of a school with Kyrgyz as the language of instruction is given.
Methodology for Determining Professional Skills of Mathematics Teachers in Pedagogical Colleges
Authors: Azhimatova E. , Torogeldieva K.
Published: November 2023

The article presents the results of experimental work carried out based on the Industrial Pedagogical College of Osh State University. To determine the opinions of students at a pedagogical college about the quality of teaching mathematical courses and the qualifications of teachers, students were presented with questionnaire questions to assess the professional skills and personal qualities of college teachers, including the author of this study, who teaches the subject “Theoretical Foundations of an Initial Mathematics Course” in these groups. In teaching mathematics courses in secondary specialized educational institutions with a pedagogical profile, formality and an abstract approach predominate. That is why there are many problems in modern technology, the discovery of sciences and practical activities. Therefore, the need to update the state of teaching the current mathematics course determined the relevance of scientific work. As a result of the survey, the level of the teacher’s professional technique, the teacher’s creative approach to the subject of mathematics, the level of communication skills and other personal qualities were determined. In addition, such teacher qualities were identified as a creative approach to work; the teacher knows well how to arouse and maintain the audience’s interest in the subject. And such qualities were identified as such qualities as the ability to relieve tension and fatigue of listeners, focuses on the application of the studied material in professional and social activities. Various pedagogical techniques were used. The conclusion was of a recommendatory nature, which was made based on the results of the analysis of this experiment, this: the creation and use of an educational and methodological complex in the learning process increases the professional level of the teacher, helps improve the relationship between the teacher and the student, and has a positive impact on the quality of education of students.
Formation of Mathematical Literacy of Students With the Help of Practice-oriented Tasks
Authors: Zhunusakunova A.
Published: November 2023

The use of practice-oriented pedagogical tasks in the process of teaching mathematics, the task as a means of managing students’ learning activities, as a pedagogical form aimed at achieving results, and as a learning activity of students. The main features of practice-oriented tasks are defined. Considering the task as a material of educational discipline, practice-oriented tasks allow students to move from a passive object of the pedagogical process to an active subject of educational activity, as well as the use of tasks designed in accordance with local and national characteristics is the best example of establishing a link between mathematics and everyday life. Generalization of practical experience and active application of mathematical knowledge in everyday life contributes to the formation and development of students’ mathematical literacy.
The Role of Modern Pedagogical Technologies in Developing the Competence of Student Teachers
Authors: Kaldybaeva A. , Bekturov T. , Imankulova S.
Published: November 2023

For students to continuously learn and accumulate knowledge, the teacher needs to create an emotional atmosphere that stimulates innovation and development. It is necessary not only to form a certain set of competencies in students but also to be able to independently update competencies. Modern teaching technologies are a qualitatively new level of training, which motivates students to show initiative and independence in acquiring new knowledge and searching for ways to apply this knowledge in solving various problematic problems. It is very important to properly balance traditional teaching technologies and modern technologies. A modern teacher who will understand and accept the dynamics of the existing world, the relativity of knowledge, and the dynamics of values and meanings, will develop in future specialists the creative abilities to develop fundamentally new solutions that cannot be derived from the already known and are adequate to the new and changing reality.
Demographic Processes in Turkestan Region at the End of the XIX - Beginning of the XX Centuries
Authors: Kholmuminov Kh.
Published: November 2023

This article highlights and analyzes the issues of the policy of colonization and resettlement of the Russian Empire and its impact on the demographic processes of the population in the southern oases of the Bukhara Emirate and draws appropriate conclusions.
Knowledge of Seven Ancestors or the Genealogy Role in Kyrgyz Society
Authors: Alishova I.
Published: November 2023

This article examines the issue of seven ancestors in Kyrgyz culture and worldview as one of the most important aspects in preserving national identity. As genealogical data testify, they were given new names, which were forever assigned to them, recalling their alien origin. Incorporated outgroups broke away from the tribe they were previously part of and continued their lineage as part of a new tribe. They were already considered divisions of the new tribal community.
Determining the technological properties of laminated windows as a component of sustainable facade design
Authors: KÜÇÜKTÜVEK Mustafa , AŞÇI Taner , ŞENEL Ahmet
Published: November 2023

Wood is an environment-friendly, durable and sustainable material which gives spaces a warm and natural look. The construction industry, which uses many types of materials together in terms of its components, focuses on efficiency in building materials in order to offer aesthetic, economical and ergonomic solutions as a result of today's architectural approaches. In the construction sector, the use of wood has become widespread in facade design and window production especially with the increasing importance of environmental awareness and sustainability in the 21st century. In this study, black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) has been used as the wood material. The test samples consist of three layers. Urea-formaldehyde glue was used for bonding the test samples. Following the physical and mechanical experiments conducted during the research process, it was determined that the technological characteristics of the window profile produced from three-layer laminated black pine wood are superior to the technological characteristics of the solid window profile representing its own species. In order to achieve sustainability goals, it can be recommended to use laminated wooden window profiles in buildings.
Ethics and Responsible AI Deployment
Authors: Radanliev Petar , Santos Omar
Published: November 2023

On the recent Bletchley summit, some British officials had hoped other countries would agree to establish a UK based AI task force, to test new models from around the world before they are released to the public. But instead, Raimondo used the summit to announce a separate American AI Safety Institute within the country's National Institute of Standards and Technology. This article explores the need for international and collaborative effort, led by the new American AI Safety Institute, on regualting AI systems to be more ethical , and to safeguard individual privacy while complying with existing privacy standards. The study concludes that these algorithms effectively enhance privacy protection while balancing the utility of AI with the need to protect personal data. This requires a comprehensive approach that combines technological innovation with ethical and regulatory strategies to harness the power of AI in a way that respects and protects individual privacy.
Assessing delayed penicillin hypersensitivity using the PENFAST+ score
Authors: Castagna Julie , Chasset François , Autegarden Jean-Eric , Le Thai Claire , Amsler Emmanuelle , Barbaud Annick , Soria Angèle
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Approximately 10% of individuals report a suspected allergy to penicillin, but according to allergy work-ups, only 10%–15% of them are truly allergic. A clinical decision score, the PEN-FAST, was developed and validated to identify adults with low-risk penicillin allergy.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to improve the performance of the PEN-FAST score, particularly for those with delayed hypersensitivity (HS), by improving the negative predictive value.

Methods

STEP 1: Retrospective evaluation of the PEN-FAST score in patients with proven immediate and delayed penicillin allergy. STEP 2: Identification of additional criteria among Step 1 patients misclassified by PEN-FAST score. Development of the PEN-FAST+ score using multivariable logistic regression in a prospective cohort of patients with a suspicion of HS to penicillin. STEP 3: Comparison of diagnostic performances of PEN-FAST and PEN-FAST+ scores.

Results

The PEN-FAST score showed limitations in predicting the relapse of immediate skin HS or delayed maculopapular exanthema, with 28.6% and 38.4% of patients misclassified, respectively. We identified two potential additional criteria: skin rash lasting more than 7 days and immediate reaction occurring in less than 1 h (generalized or localized on palmoplantar area or scalp itching/heat feeling). A total of 32/252 (12.7%) patients were confirmed to be allergic to penicillin. With PEN-FAST, 37% of patients (n = 10) with delayed allergic penicillin HS were misclassified. With PEN-FAST+, 3 patients with delayed HS confirmed by a ST (11.1%) were misclassified. The AUC was significantly higher for PEN-FAST+ than PEN-FAST (85% vs. 72%, p = 0.03).
Construction of functional surfaces for dental implants to enhance osseointegration
Authors: Wang Zhenshi , Wang Jiaolong , Wu Runfa , Wei Junchao
Published: November 2023

Dental implants have been extensively used in patients with defects or loss of dentition. However, the loss or failure of dental implants is still a critical problem in clinic. Therefore, many methods have been designed to enhance the osseointegration between the implants and native bone. Herein, the challenge and healing process of dental implant operation will be briefly introduced. Then, various surface modification methods and emerging biomaterials used to tune the properties of dental implants will be summarized comprehensively.
Ethical, legal and social aspects of human cerebral organoids and their governance in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States
Authors: Pichl Anja , Ranisch Robert , Altinok Ozan Altan , Antonakaki Melpomeni , Barnhart Andrew J. , Bassil Katherine , Boyd J. Lomax , Chinaia Alice Andrea , Diner Sarah , Gaillard Maxence , Greely Henry T. , Jowitt Joshua , Kreitmair Karola , Lawrence David , Lee Tim Nicholas , McKeown Alex , Sachdev Vorathep , Schicktanz Silke , Sugarman Jeremy , Trettenbach Katharina , Wiese Lara , Wolff Hannes , Árnason Garðar
Published: November 2023

Human cerebral organoids (HCOs) are model systems that enable researchers to investigate the human brain in ways that had previously been impossible. The emergence of HCOs was accompanied by both expert and layperson discussions concerning the possibility of these novel entities developing sentience or consciousness. Such concerns are reflected in deliberations about how to handle and regulate their use. This perspective article resulted from an international and interdisciplinary research retreat “Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects of Human Cerebral Organoids and their Governance in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States”, which took place in Tübingen, Germany, in August 2022. The retreat focused on whether HCO research requires new ethical and regulatory approaches. It addressed epistemic issues around the detection and theorisation of consciousness, ethical concerns around moral status and research conduct, difficulties for legislation and guidelines managing these entities, and public engagement.
Aged gastrocnemius muscle of mice positively responds to a late onset adapted physical training
Authors: Cisterna Barbara , Lofaro Francesco Demetrio , Lacavalla Maria Assunta , Boschi Federico , Malatesta Manuela , Quaglino Daniela , Zancanaro Carlo , Boraldi Federica
Published: November 2023

Introduction: A regular physical training is known to contribute to preserve muscle mass and strength, maintaining structure and function of neural and vascular compartments and preventing muscle insulin resistance and inflammation. However, physical activity is progressively reduced during aging causing mobility limitations and poor quality of life. Although physical exercise for rehabilitation purposes (e.g., after fractures or cardiovascular events) or simply aiming to counteract the development of sarcopenia is frequently advised by physicians, nevertheless few data are available on the targets and the global effects on the muscle organ of adapted exercise especially if started at old age.

Methods: To contribute answering this question for medical translational purposes, the proteomic profile of the gastrocnemius muscle was analyzed in 24-month-old mice undergoing adapted physical training on a treadmill for 12 weeks or kept under a sedentary lifestyle condition. Proteomic data were implemented by morphological and morphometrical ultrastructural evaluations.

Results and Discussion: Data demonstrate that muscles can respond to adapted physical training started at old age, positively modulating their morphology and the proteomic profile fostering protective and saving mechanisms either involving the extracellular compartment as well as muscle cell components and pathways (i.e., mitochondrial processes, cytoplasmic translation pathways, chaperone-dependent protein refolding, regulation of skeletal muscle contraction). Therefore, this study provides important insights on the targets of adapted physical training, which can be regarded as suitable benchmarks for future in vivo studies further exploring the effects of this type of physical activity by functional/metabolic approaches.
International law and transboundary dams: lessons learned from the Binational Entity ITAIPU (Brazil and Paraguay)
Authors: Gwynn Maria A.
Published: November 2023

The international river Paraná flows through Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, and holds two major binational dams: the upstream ITAIPU dam (Brazil-Paraguay) and the downstream Yacyreta dam (Argentina-Paraguay). In the past years, the South American region was strongly affected by adverse environmental challenges exacerbated by climate change, like wildfires and severe droughts, which in turn drastically affected the water flow of the Paraná river, a river used for multiple purposes, inter alia the production of energy. The hydropower obtained from ITAIPU is one of the main sources of energy for Paraguay and the Southern part of Brazil. At the same time, the downstream parts of the river is used for navigation purposes, which is crucial for land-locked Paraguay to export its agricultural products, and for water consumption, as is the case for Argentina. The present case study will show how in spite of these challenges, South America has been an successful example of transboundary water cooperation, especially by using the international water law guidelines aimed at achieving reasonable and equitable utilization of an international river.
Application and challenges of TCR and BCR sequencing to investigate T- and B-cell clonality in elastase-induced experimental murine abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Elster Christin , Ommer-Bläsius Miriam , Lang Alexander , Vajen Tanja , Pfeiler Susanne , Feige Milena , Yau Pang Tin , Böttenberg Marius , Verheyen Sarah , Lê Quý Khang , Chernigovskaya Maria , Kelm Malte , Winkels Holger , Schmidt Susanne V. , Greiff Victor , Gerdes Norbert
Published: November 2023

Background

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease. Although its pathogenesis is still poorly understood, recent evidence suggests that AAA displays autoimmune disease characteristics. Particularly, T cells responding to AAA-related antigens in the aortic wall may contribute to an initial immune response. Single-cell RNA (scRNA) T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing is a powerful tool for investigating clonality. However, difficulties such as limited numbers of isolated cells must be considered during implementation and data analysis, making biological interpretation challenging. Here, we perform a representative single-cell immune repertoire analysis in experimental murine AAA and show a reliable bioinformatic processing pipeline highlighting opportunities and limitations of this approach.

Methods

We performed scRNA TCR and BCR sequencing of isolated lymphocytes from the infrarenal aorta of male C57BL/6J mice 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after AAA induction via elastase perfusion of the aorta. Sham-operated mice at days 3 and 28 and non-operated mice served as controls.

Results

Comparison of complementarity-determining region (CDR3) length distribution of 179 B cells and 796 T cells revealed neither differences between AAA and control nor between the disease stages. We found no clonal expansion of B cells in AAA. For T cells, we identified several clones in 11 of 16 AAA samples and one of eight control samples. Immune receptor repertoire comparison indicated that only a few clones were shared between the individual AAA samples. The most frequently used V-genes in the TCR beta chain in AAA were TRBV3, TRBV19, and the splicing variant TRBV12-2 + TRBV13-2.

Conclusion

We found no clonal expansion of B cells but evidence for clonal expansion of T cells in elastase-induced AAA in mice. Our findings imply that a more precise characterization of TCR and BCR distribution requires a more extensive number of lymphocytes to prevent undersampling and potentially detect rare clones. Thus, further experiments are necessary to confirm our findings. In summary, this paper examines TCR and BCR sequencing results, identifies limitations and pitfalls, and offers guidance for future studies.
Cardiac function, myocardial fat deposition, and lipid profile in young smokers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Batista Ana Natália Ribeiro , Garcia Thaís , Prudente Robson , Barbosa Maurício F. , Modesto Pamela , Franco Estefânia , de Godoy Irma , Paiva Sergio , Azevedo Paula , Tanni Suzana Erico
Published: November 2023

Background

There is a possibility that cardiac morphometric characteristics are associated with the lipid profile, that is, the composition and concentration of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and others lipoproteins in young smokers without comorbidities. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association of cardiac morphometric characteristics, myocardial fat deposition, and smoking cessation with the lipid profile of young smokers.

Methods

A clinical and laboratory evaluation of lipids and the smoking status was performed on 57 individuals, including both a smoker group and a control group. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with proton spectroscopy was performed to identify cardiac changes and triglyceride (TG) deposition in myocardial tissue.

Results

No differences were observed between the groups (control vs. smokers) in relation to the amount of myocardial TG deposition (p = 0.47); however, when TG deposition was correlated with cardiac MRI variables, a positive correlation was identified between smoking history and myocardial TG deposition [hazard ratio (95% CI), 0.07 (0.03–0.12); p = 0.002]. Furthermore, it was observed that the smoking group had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [51 (45.5–59.5) mg/dl vs. 43 (36–49.5) mg/dl, p = 0.003] and higher TG [73 (58–110) mg/dl vs. 122 (73.5–133) mg/dl, p = 0.01] and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [14.6 (11.6–22.2) mg/dl vs. 24.4 (14.7–26.6) mg/dl, p = 0.01] values. In the control and smoking groups, a negative correlation between TGs and the diameter of the aortic root lumen and positive correlation with the thickness of the interventricular septum and end-diastolic volume (EDV) of both the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) were noted. Moreover, in the RV, positive correlations with the end-systolic volume (ESV) index (ESVI), stroke volume (SV), ESV, and EDV were observed. Regarding serum free fatty acids, we found a negative correlation between their values and the diameter of the lumen of the ascending aortic vessel. Lipoprotein lipase showed a positive correlation with the SV index of the RV and negative correlation with the diameter of the lumen of the ascending aortic vessel.

Conclusion

Several associations were observed regarding cardiac morphometric characteristics, myocardial fat deposition, and smoking cessation with the lipid profile of young smokers.
The follow-up of myocardial injury and left ventricular function after spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Authors: Krljanac Gordana , Apostolovic Svetlana , Polovina Marija , Maksimovic Ruzica , Nedeljkovic Arsenovic Olga , Djordjevic Nemanja , Stankovic Stefan , Savic Lidija , Djokovic Aleksandra , Viduljevic Mihajlo , Stankovic Sanja , Asanin Milika
Published: November 2023

Monitoring patients with spontaneous coronary dissection (SCAD) is critical in their care, as there are no accepted recommendations. To this end, finding clinical or imaging predictors of recurrent events in these patients is essential for predicting adverse events and guiding treatment decisions between conservative medical therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention. Myocardial injury and left ventricular function after SCAD can be variable parameters that require monitoring. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance are two useful imaging techniques to do so. This review aims to analyze previously published results on monitoring myocardial injury and left ventricular function in SCAD patients while highlighting the potential benefits of contemporary imaging techniques that could further improve patient care in the future.
Factors that influence parental satisfaction with SDF treatment in healthy children and those with special healthcare needs
Authors: Crystal Y. O. , Jang J. H. , Janal M. N. , Raveis V. H.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is used as a caries management agent for the arrest of dentinal caries lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction with SDF treatment provided at a university pediatric dentistry clinic and to identify factors that may contribute to parental dissatisfaction.

Methods

We obtained retrospective data of children who received SDF treatment at our clinic from 1 February 2019 to 28 February 2021. Parents were contacted by phone to participate in a survey that evaluated their satisfaction with the treatment. Satisfaction was evaluated as a function of medical status, ease of treatment, outcome of SDF treatment, esthetics, and understanding of treatment goals and side effects using contingency tables and chi-square statistics.

Results

From 209 children who received SDF treatment, we were able to contact 91 parents by telephone, and 79 agreed to participate. Special healthcare needs (SHCN) patients were overrepresented in our sample, comprising 22.3% of all treated and 36.7% of participants. More than 90% were satisfied with the treatment, would do it again and would recommend it to others. Among the 49 children who complained of pain, SDF treatment resolved 82% of these complaints. In the subsample with follow-up in our clinic, approximately half of the treated teeth later received restorative treatment or were extracted, and the other half presented without further treatment. Some children received further treatment elsewhere. Parental dissatisfaction was related to staining of the anterior teeth (p = 0.04), the need for further treatment (p = 0.02) and a lesser understanding of side effects (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Most parents were satisfied with SDF therapy as a dental treatment choice due to its easy application and desensitizing effects. Our findings indicate that parental understanding of the interim nature of the treatment and staining of the lesions is important to achieve parental satisfaction.
Permafrost and groundwater interaction: current state and future perspective
Authors: Diak Magdalena , Böttcher Michael Ernst , Ehlert von Ahn Cátia Milene , Hong Wei-Li , Kędra Monika , Kotwicki Lech , Koziorowska-Makuch Katarzyna , Kuliński Karol , Lepland Aivo , Makuch Przemysław , Sen Arunima , Winogradow Aleksandra , Silberberger Marc Jürgen , Szymczycha Beata
Published: November 2023

This study reviews the available and published knowledge of the interactions between permafrost and groundwater. In its content, the paper focuses mainly on groundwater recharge and discharge in the Arctic and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The study revealed that the geochemical composition of groundwater is site-specific and varies significantly within the depth of the aquifers reflecting the water-rock interactions and related geological history. All reviewed studies clearly indicated that the permafrost thaw causes an increase in groundwater discharge on land. Furthermore, progressing climate warming is likely to accelerate permafrost degradation and thus enhance hydrological connectivity due to increased subpermafrost groundwater flow through talik channels and higher suprapermafrost groundwater flow. In the case of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), permafrost thaw can either reinforce or reduce SGD, depending on how much pressure changes affecting the aquifers will be caused by the loss of permafrost. Finally, this comprehensive assessment allowed also for identifying the lack of long-term and interdisciplinary in situ measurements that could be used in sophisticated computational simulations characterizing the current status and predicting groundwater flow and permafrost dynamics in the future warmer climate.