bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of the limiting digging force of hydraulic excavator based on resistance characteristics
Authors: REN Zhigui , WANG Junli , ZOU Zhihong , WANG Yanyan , ZHU Haojie
Published: October 2019

Based on the resistance characteristics, a model of theoretical  digging force was proposed in this paper, taking the tangential force, the normal force, and the bending moment into account simultaneously. Utilizing the relation among the normal resistance, the resistance moment, and the tangential resistance in practical digging process, three independent unknown quantities are transformed into only one variable. Afterwards, according to different digging patterns and complete machine limiting conditions, this research derived the constraint inequalities of the limiting digging force (LDF) and established the calculation models for LDF. Then, based on the value distribution laws of the digging resistance coefficient and the resistance moment coefficient, the calculation process and corresponding method of LDF under a given digging posture were obtained. Taking the digging resistance obtained by testing for 35 t hydraulic excavator with backhoe attachment as the reference, this paper compared the calculation results of the theoretical digging force for complete machine with those of the LDF model proposed in this research. The comparative results indicate that the LDF is consistent with the fact that the theoretical digging force is larger than or at least equal to the actual digging resistance. So, the LDF can exactly show the real limiting digging ability of the excavator more accurately. In this way, it can provide basis for mechanism optimization, structural strength design, trajectory planning, and control automation of the excavator.
„Bis zu 8 Monate unschuldig in U-Haft“. Vermutete Medieneinflüsse in Schweizer Programmklagen 1984–2016
Authors: Gürtler Stefan , Käch Ruedi , Niederer Ruedi
Published: October 2019

Das als «Einfluss des vermuteten Medieneinflusses» (Influence of Presumed Media Influence - IPMI) bekannte Wahrnehmungs- und Handlungsphänomen ist empirisch gut belegt, wird aber hauptsächlich in Publikumsbefragungen nachgewiesen. Es bleibt offen, ob es nur deshalb auftritt, weil Rezipienten danach gefragt werden. Ebenso werden in diesen Studien eher pauschale Wahrnehmungen und Handlungsabsichten festgehalten, nicht aber konkrete Handlungen. Eine Möglichkeit, reale Fälle dieses Phänomens zu studieren, bieten Programmbeschwerden. Wenn Rezipienten einen übermäßigen medialen Einfluss auf die Meinungsbildung feststellen (Wahrnehmungskomponente), können sie dagegen Rechtsmittel ergreifen (Handlungskomponente). In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden alle Schweizer Programmbeschwerden gegen elektronische Medien (Radio, TV) aus den Jahren 1984 bis 2016 auf IPMI als Auslöser für die Klage untersucht - was auf ein Viertel der Fälle zutrifft. Untersuchungsgegenstand sind nicht die Klageschriften, sondern die Entscheide. Dank einheitlicher Struktur und Terminologie können sie maschinell ausgewertet werden. Die festgestellten Wahrnehmungsphänomene zeigen ein differenziertes Bild von Laienvorstellungen zu Wirkungsbereichen und -kreisen von Medienberichterstattung: Das Publikum beanstandet vor allem kognitive (Fehlinformation, Behinderung der Willensbildung) und affektive Wirkungen (Missachten von Werten und Gefühlen des Publikums). Kritisiert werden die Sendungen großer TV-Anstalten, was die vermutete Medienreichweite als moderierende Variable des IPMI bestätigt. Überdurchschnittlich häufig betroffen sind die Unterhaltungsprogramme dieser Sender, an denen ein wertkonservatives Publikum über Jahre hinweg Anstoß nimmt.
Konzernhaftung in Deutschland und Europa
Authors: Beck Lukas
Published: October 2019

Groups of companies are used to avoid liability risks and, as a rule, one company is not made liable for another company’s debts. However, sustaining this separated liability is not always successful and, in exceptional cases, a parent company is made liable. This fact is well known in German law, although some issues still remain unexplained today. Recently, this liability has increasingly occurred in European antitrust law, and it appears as if such cases are no longer isolated incidents but have become standard. Such liability threatens the organisation of groups of companies without the liability of the parent company. However, this matter is protected by both the German and European legal systems, which therefore have to answer the question of how such liability can be justified. This work examines this question.
Revision of Chondrocyclus s.l. (Mollusca: Cyclophoridae), with description of a new genus and twelve new species
Authors: Cole Mary L.
Published: October 2019

Chondrocyclus Ancey, 1898 is a genus of nine species of African operculate land snails restricted to indigenous forest and mesic thicket. Worn specimens (i.e., without a periostracum or operculum), on which some species descriptions and records were based, appear to be indistinguishable morphologically. A comprehensive revision of Chondrocyclus s.l. is provided here based on comparative morphological examinations of the shell, protoconch, periostracum, operculum, radula and penis, and on mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA. Two genus-level lineages are recognised, Chondrocyclus s.s. and Afrocyclus gen. nov. Revised species descriptions are given for seven species. Two species, C. meredithae Bruggen, 1983 and C. chirindae Bruggen, 1986 both from north of South Africa, are removed from Chondrocyclus. Twelve new species are described: C. herberti sp. nov., C. silvicolus sp. nov., C. amathole sp. nov., C. pondoensis sp. nov., C. devilliersi sp. nov., C. pulcherrimus sp. nov., C. cooperae sp. nov., C. langebergensis sp. nov., C. kevincolei sp. nov., A. oxygala gen. et sp. nov., A. potteri gen. et sp. nov. and A. bhaca gen. et sp. nov. This is the first detailed systematic revision of an Afrotropical cyclophorid group to include morphological and molecular data. This study complements research on other taxa of low-vagility forest-dwelling habitat specialists by providing comparative distribution data for an independent, widespread group. Such evidence is urgently needed for conservation of South Africa’s threatened forest biome.
Uporabnost peroralnih betalaktamov za izkustveno zdravljenje nezapletenih okužb spodnjih sečil glede na ocenjeno občutljivost v Sloveniji
Authors: Nadrah Kristina , Štrumbelj Iztok , Beović Bojana
Published: October 2019

Izhodišče: Nezapletene okužbe sečil so ena najpogostejših okužb pri zdravih mladih ženskah. Za zdravljenje tovrstnih okužb izberemo antibiotike ozkega spektra z delovanjem na najpogostejše povzročitelje. Ker je zdravljenje nezapletenih okužb spodnjih sečil večinoma izkustveno, smo v raziskavi ocenili, kakšna je občutljivost najpogostejših povzročiteljev za peroralne betalaktamske antibiotike in ali so primerni za izkustveno zdravljenje nezapletenih okužb sečil v primerih, kadar ne moremo uporabiti antibiotikov izbire.Metode: Iz teoretične porazdelitve pogostosti različnih vrst povzročiteljev okužb sečil in deležev občutljivosti resničnih izolatov urinokultur pri ženskah smo z uporabo matematičnega modela izračunali oceno skupne občutljivosti za peroralne betalaktamske antibiotike.Rezultati: Ocenjena skupna občutljivost za ampicilin je bila slaba (50 %), za cefalosporine prve, druge in tretje generacije pa med 88 % in 90 %.Zaključek: Matematični model za oceno občutljivosti je zanimivo orodje, s katerim lahko napovemo klinično učinkovitost antibiotikov na podlagi lokalne občutljivosti in pogostosti povzročiteljev. Na podlagi naših rezultatov ugotavljamo, da so med betalaktamskimi antibiotiki za zdravljenje cistitisa najprimernejši cefalosporini prve generacije.
Experimental investigation of ant traffic under crowded conditions
Authors: Poissonnier Laure-Anne , Motsch Sebastien , Gautrais Jacques , Buhl Camille , Dussutour Audrey
Published: October 2019

Efficient transportation is crucial for urban mobility, cell function and the survival of animal groups. From humans driving on the highway, to ants running on a trail, the main challenge faced by all collective systems is how to prevent traffic jams in crowded environments. Here, we show that ants, despite their behavioral simplicity, have managed the tour de force of avoiding the formation of traffic jams at high density. At the macroscopic level, we demonstrated that ant traffic is best described by a two-phase flow function. At low densities there is a clear linear relationship between ant density and the flow, while at large density, the flow remains constant and no congestion occurs. From a microscopic perspective, the individual tracking of ants under varying densities revealed that ants adjust their speed and avoid time consuming interactions at large densities. Our results point to strategies by which ant colonies solve the main challenge of transportation by self-regulating their behavior.
Deamidation disrupts native and transient contacts to weaken the interaction between UBC13 and RING-finger E3 ligases
Authors: Mohanty Priyesh , Agrata Rashmi , Habibullah Batul Ismail , G S Arun , Das Ranabir
Published: October 2019

The deamidase OspI from enteric bacteria Shigella flexneri deamidates a glutamine residue in the host ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC13 and converts it to glutamate (Q100E). Consequently, its polyubiquitination activity in complex with the RING-finger ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 and the downstream NF-κB inflammatory response is silenced. The precise role of deamidation in silencing the UBC13/TRAF6 complex is unknown. We report that deamidation inhibits the interaction between UBC13 and TRAF6 RING-domain (TRAF6RING) by perturbing both the native and transient interactions. Deamidation creates a new intramolecular salt-bridge in UBC13 that competes with a critical intermolecular salt-bridge at the native UBC13/TRAF6RING interface. Moreover, the salt-bridge competition prevents transient interactions necessary to form a typical UBC13/RING complex. Repulsion between E100 and the negatively charged surface of RING also prevents transient interactions in the UBC13/RING complex. Our findings highlight a mechanism wherein a post-translational modification perturbs the conformation and stability of transient complexes to inhibit protein-protein association.
Improving drug discovery using image-based multiparametric analysis of the epigenetic landscape
Authors: Farhy Chen , Hariharan Santosh , Ylanko Jarkko , Orozco Luis , Zeng Fu-Yue , Pass Ian , Ugarte Fernando , Forsberg E Camilla , Huang Chun-Teng , Andrews David W , Terskikh Alexey V
Published: October 2019

High-content phenotypic screening has become the approach of choice for drug discovery due to its ability to extract drug-specific multi-layered data. In the field of epigenetics, such screening methods have suffered from a lack of tools sensitive to selective epigenetic perturbations. Here we describe a novel approach, Microscopic Imaging of Epigenetic Landscapes (MIEL), which captures the nuclear staining patterns of epigenetic marks and employs machine learning to accurately distinguish between such patterns. We validated the MIEL platform across multiple cells lines and using dose-response curves, to insure the fidelity and robustness of this approach for high content high throughput drug discovery. Focusing on noncytotoxic glioblastoma treatments, we demonstrated that MIEL can identify and classify epigenetically active drugs. Furthermore, we show MIEL was able to accurately rank candidate drugs by their ability to produce desired epigenetic alterations consistent with increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents or with induction of glioblastoma differentiation.
Herpes simplex viral nucleoprotein creates a competitive transcriptional environment facilitating robust viral transcription and host shut off
Authors: Dremel Sarah E , DeLuca Neal A
Published: October 2019

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) replicates within the nucleus coopting the host’s RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) machinery for production of viral mRNAs culminating in host transcriptional shut off. The mechanism behind this rapid reprogramming of the host transcriptional environment is largely unknown. We identified ICP4 as responsible for preferential recruitment of the Pol II machinery to the viral genome. ICP4 is a viral nucleoprotein which binds double-stranded DNA. We determined ICP4 discriminately binds the viral genome due to the absence of cellular nucleosomes and high density of cognate binding sites. We posit that ICP4’s ability to recruit not just Pol II, but also more limiting essential components, such as TBP and Mediator, create a competitive transcriptional environment. These distinguishing characteristics ultimately result in a rapid and efficient reprogramming of the host’s transcriptional machinery, which does not occur in the absence of ICP4.
An Osteopathic Physician's Approach to the Esports Athlete
Authors: Zwibel Hallie , DiFrancisco-Donoghue Joanne , DeFeo Amanda , Yao Sheldon
Published: October 2019

Esports is gaining acceptance in the world of professional, collegiate, and high school athletics. However, there is a lack of information for osteopathic physicians about the health concerns and appropriate treatment of esports athletes. Because of the sedentary nature of the sport and accompanying poor posture, esports athletes are likely to have musculoskeletal injuries of the neck, back, and upper extremities. Additionally, these athletes may have metabolic disturbances resulting from light-emitting diode computer monitors as well as mental health concerns regarding gaming addiction and social behavior disorders. The authors explore the osteopathic physician's role in promoting health and reducing injury in this new gaming phenomenon.
Component-oriented acausal modeling of the dynamical systems in Python language on the example of the model of the sucker rod string
Authors: Kopei Volodymyr B. , Onysko Oleh R. , Panchuk Vitalii G.
Published: October 2019

Typically, component-oriented acausal hybrid modeling of complex dynamic systems is implemented by specialized modeling languages. A well-known example is the Modelica language. The specialized nature, complexity of implementation and learning of such languages somewhat limits their development and wide use by developers who know only general-purpose languages. The paper suggests the principle of developing simple to understand and modify Modelica-like system based on the general-purpose programming language Python. The principle consists in: (1) Python classes are used to describe components and their systems, (2) declarative symbolic tools SymPy are used to describe components behavior by difference or differential equations, (3) the solution procedure uses a function initially created using the SymPy lambdify function and computes unknown values in the current step using known values from the previous step, (4) Python imperative constructs are used for simple events handling, (5) external solvers of differential-algebraic equations can optionally be applied via the Assimulo interface, (6) SymPy package allows to arbitrarily manipulate model equations, generate code and solve some equations symbolically. The basic set of mechanical components (1D translational “mass”, “spring-damper” and “force”) is developed. The models of a sucker rods string are developed and simulated using these components. The comparison of results of the sucker rod string simulations with practical dynamometer cards and Modelica results verify the adequacy of the models. The proposed approach simplifies the understanding of the system, its modification and improvement, adaptation for other purposes, makes it available to a much larger community, simplifies integration into third-party software.
Radial Basis Function in Nonlinear Black-Scholes Option Pricing Equation with Transaction Cost
Authors: Onwona-Agyeman Godwin , Oduro Francis T.
Published: October 2019

Differential equations play significant role in the world of finance since most problems in these areas are modeled by differential equations. Majority of these problems are sometimes nonlinear and are normally solved by the use of numerical methods. This work takes a critical look at Nonlinear Black-Scholes model with special reference to the model by Guy Barles and Halil Mete Soner. The resulting model is a nonlinear Black-Scholes equation in which the variable volatility is a function of the second derivative of the option price. The nonlinear equation is solved by a special class of numerical technique, called, the meshfree approximation using radial basis function. The numerical results are presented in diagrams and tables.
The Biocontrol of Soil Transmitted Cercospora capsici with Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Adedire Oluwafemi M. , Pitan Ayotunde , Farinu Adekunle O. , Ogundipe Wuraola F.
Published: October 2019

Microbial diseases of pepper (Capsicum species) are the most significant factors contributing to the loss of this economically important vegetable crop. Leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora capsici is one of the major constraints to pepper production in Nigeria. The disease is reportedly introduced through infected seeds. However, the development of Cercospora leaf spot on plants propagated from fungicide-treated seeds suggests an alternative perennial source of infection and also necessitates the development of an efficient, safe control measure. C. capsici was isolated from infected pepper plant through the direct plating method and subsequently characterised. Treated pepper seeds (with L. plantarum) were planted in C. capsici inoculated soil, while the emergence, seedling growth parameters and severity of leaf spot were observed. The severity index of Cercospora leaf spot on pepper plants (observed at the 20th day after planting) was significantly lower on L. plantarum treated plant set (0.07) than on pepper without seed treatment. Seed emergence rate index increased from 11.11 to 15.33% /day of untreated to treated pepper seeds sown in infected soil respectively, while the mean emergence time of untreated seeds (8.32 days) was significantly higher in C. capsici infected soil. It could therefore be deduced that seed priming with L. plantarum improved the seedling vigor and resistance of pepper to leaf spot disease caused by C. capsici.
miR‐15a‐5p, miR‐15b‐5p, and miR‐16‐5p inhibit tumor progression by directly targeting MYCN in neuroblastoma
Authors: Chava Srinivas , Reynolds C. Patrick , Pathania Anup S. , Gorantla Santhi , Poluektova Larisa Y. , Coulter Don W. , Gupta Subash C. , Pandey Manoj K. , Challagundla Kishore B.
Published: October 2019

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in children. Despite current aggressive treatment regimens, the prognosis for high‐risk NB patients remains poor, with the survival of less than 40%. Amplification/stabilization of MYCN oncogene, in NB is associated with a high risk of recurrence. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutics. The deregulated expression of microRNA (miR) is reported in NB; nonetheless, its effect on MYCN regulation is poorly understood. First, we identified that miR‐15a‐5p, miR‐15b‐5p, and miR‐16‐5p (hereafter miR‐15a, miR‐15b or miR‐16) were down‐regulated in patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) with high MYCN expression. MiR targeting sequences on MYCN mRNA were predicted using online databases such as TargetScan and miR database. The R2 database, containing 105 NB patients, showed an inverse correlation between MYCN mRNA and deleted in lymphocytic leukemia (DLEU) 2, a host gene of miR‐15. Moreover, overexpression of miR‐15a, miR‐15b or miR‐16 significantly reduced the levels of MYCN mRNA and N‐Myc protein. Conversely, inhibiting miR dramatically enhanced MYCN mRNA and N‐Myc protein levels, as well as increasing mRNA half‐life in NB cells. By performing immunoprecipitation assays of argonaute‐2 (Ago2), a core component of the RNA‐induced silencing complex, we showed that miR‐15a, miR‐15b and miR‐16 interact with MYCN mRNA. Luciferase reporter assays showed that miR‐15a, miR‐15b and miR‐16 bind with 3’UTR of MYCN mRNA, resulting in MYCN suppression. Moreover, induced expression of miR‐15a, miR‐15b and miR‐16 significantly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NB cells. Finally, transplanting miR‐15a‐, miR‐15b‐ and miR‐16‐expressing NB cells into NSG mice repressed tumor formation and MYCN expression. These data suggest that miR‐15a, miR‐15b and miR‐16 exert a tumor‐suppressive function in NB by targeting MYCN. Therefore, these miRs could be considered as potential targets for NB treatment.
Methanothermococcus
Authors: Rother Michael , Whitman William B.
Published: October 2019

Me.tha.no.ther.mo.coc'cus. N.L. neut. n.methanummethane; N.L. pref.methano‐, pertaining to methane; Gr. masc. adj. thermos hot; N.L. masc. n.coccus(from Gr. masc. n.kokkos, grain, seed)coccus; N.L. masc. n.Methanothermococcus, a coccus producing methane at thermophilic growth temperatures.

Euryarchaeota / Methanococci / Methanococcales / Methanococcaceae / Methanothermococcus

Regular to irregular cocci, 1.5 µm in diameter. Cells stain Gram‐negative and lyse rapidly in dilute solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Motile, by means of a polar tuft of flagella. Obligately anaerobic. Thermophilic (temperature optimum: 60–65°C). pH optimum between 5.1 and 7.5. NaCl required for growth, optimal concentration 2–4% (w/v). Obligately methanogenic; H2and formate serve as electron donors. Acetate, methanol, and methylamines are not substrates for methanogenesis. Alcohols, including isopropanol, are not substrates for methanogenesis. Grows autotrophically in mineral medium. Organic carbon sources are not stimulatory. Nitrogen sources include ammonium, nitrate, and N2gas. Sulfur sources include sulfide, elemental sulfur, and other oxidized sulfur‐containing compounds such as thiosulfate, sulfite, and sulfate. Isolated from shallow, sandy, geothermally heated marine sediments and marine oil‐reservoir water.

DNA G+C content (mol%): 31–34.

Type species:Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus(Huber, Thomm, König, Thies and Stetter 1982) Whitman 2002, 687VP(Effective publication: Whitman 2001, 242) (basonymMethanococcus thermolithotrophicusHuber, Thomm, König, Thies and Stetter 1982, 50).
D
esulfocastanea gen. nov.
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

De.su.fo.cas.ta'ne.a. L. pref.
de
‐ off, from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; L. fem. n.
castanea
(from Gr. fem. n.
kastaneia
) chestnut; N.L. fem. n.
Desulfocastanea
a chestnut like sulfate‐reducing bacterium, pertaining to the bud formation on the surface.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobulbia / Desulfobulbales / Desulfocapsaceae / Desulfocastanea gen. nov.

Oval‐ to lemon‐shaped cells, 1.3–1.8 µm × 2.2–2.8 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Nonmotile. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotroph and chemolithoautotroph, using H
2
, formate, acetate, dicarboxylic and short‐ and long‐chain fatty acids, other simple organic compounds, and various aromatic compounds as carbon sources and electron donors for anaerobic respiration. Organic substrates are completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway), but intermediate formation of acetate can occur. For chemolithoautotrophic growth, H
2
can serve as the electron donor and CO
2
as the carbon source. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. In addition, nitrate can be used as terminal electron acceptor and is reduced to ammonia. Mesophilic. Optimal temperature for growth, 28°C. The optimal pH for growth is 6.9–7.1. Growth in freshwater medium with concentration of NaCl up to 5.0 g/l, and the optimal content of NaCl for growth is 1.0 g/l. Media containing a reductant and vitamins are necessary for cultivation. The genus currently accommodates a single species
Desulfocastanea catecholica
. The type strain of the genus was isolated from anoxic sediment of Delaware Bay, north‐east of Nelson, New Zealand.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 52.4 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Desulfocastanea catecholica
(Szewzyk and Pfennig 1987) comb. nov. (basonym:
Desulfobacterium catecholicum
Szewzyk and Pfennig 1988, 136).
D
esulfocucumis
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

De.sul.fo.cu'cu.mis. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; L. masc. n.
cucumis
cucumber; N.L. masc. n.
Desulfocucumis
a sulfate‐reducing cucumber‐shaped bacterium.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Desulfocucumaceae / Desulfocucumis

Cells are curved rod to vibroid. Gram‐stain‐negative. Spherical spores occur at cell terminals without clear swelling sporangium. Motile with peritrichous flagella. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Mesophilic and neutrophilic. NaCl is not required for growth. Chemolithoautotroph or chemoorganoheterotroph using organic acids, yeast extract, and alcohols. The substrates are oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Addition of yeast extract enhances the growth on acetate, but it is not required for growth. H
2
can serve as the electron donor and CO
2
as the carbon source. Sulfate, thiosulfate, and elemental sulfur are used as electron acceptors and reduced to sulfide; sulfite, nitrate, nitrite, and Fe (III) are not utilized. Grows fermentatively on organic acids but not on sugars. Desulfoviridin is absent. Major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
15 : 0
, iso‐C
17 : 0
, and C
17 : 0
cyclopropane. Major menaquinone is MK‐7. Found in marsh soil.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 46.6 (LC); 49.1 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfocucumis palustris
Watanabe, Kojima and Fukui 2017, 2681
VP
.
Salipaludibacillus
Authors: Sultanpuram Vishnuvardhan Reddy , Mothe Thirumala
Published: October 2019

Sa.li.pa.lu.di.ba.cil'lus. L. masc. n.sal salis, salt; L. fem. n.palus paludis, a swamp; L. masc. n.bacillus, a rod; N.L. masc. n.Salipaludibacillus, a rod from a salt marsh.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Salipaludibacillus

Gram‐stain‐positive, variable‐motile rods producing ellipsoidal endospores at subterminal or central position. Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic mode of growth. Positive for catalase, but nitrate reduction and oxidase activities are variable. The major isoprenoid quinone is MK‐7, sometimes with minor traces of MK‐6. The peptidoglycan is based onmeso‐diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The major polar lipids present are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids are anteiso‐C15:0, C16:0, and iso‐C15:0. Mesophilic halophiles with a requirement of 2–5% NaCl for optimal growth. Phylogenetically, belongs to the orderBacillales, familyBacillaceae. Habitats include seasonal wetland, soil, bay, and marine wetland samples.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 37.4–42.4 (HPLC and genome analysis).

Type species:Salipaludibacillus aurantiacusSultanpuram and Mothe 2016, 2751VP.
Anaerocolumna
Authors: Ueki Atsuko , Kaku Nobuo , Ueki Katsuji
Published: October 2019

An.ae.ro.co.lum'na. Gr. prep.annot; Gr. n.aerair;anaeronot living in air; L. fem. n.columnacolumn; N.L. fem. n.Anaerocolumnaa column not living in air.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Lachnospiraceae / Anaerocolumna

The genusAnaerocolumnaincludes four species. Cells stain Gram‐positive. Motile. Strictly anaerobic, fermentative metabolism. Slightly curved to straight rods, occurring singly or in pairs. Produces terminal, spherical spores, swelling cells. Optimum temperature for growth is 30–35°C. Chemoorganotrophic, using a wide variety of compounds including sugars and organic acids as energy sources. Produces acetate, ethanol, and H2from glucose as fermentation end products. Decomposes cellulose or xylan. Catalase is absent. C16:0, C16:0dimethylacetal (DMA), C16:1ω7cDMA, or C18:1ω7cDMA are present as predominant cellular fatty acids (CFAs). The cell‐wall peptidoglycan containsmeso‐DAP as a diagnostic amino acid. Belongs to the familyLachnospiraceae. Members of the genus have been isolated mainly from methanogenic reactors or sewage sludge.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 33–41 (HPLC,Tm, genome).

Type species:Anaerocolumna cellulosilyticaUeki, Ohtaki, Kaku and Ueki 2016, 2942VP.
K
inneretia
Authors: Gomila Margarita , Lalucat Jorge
Published: October 2019

Kin.ne.re'ti.a. N.L. fem. n.
Kinneretia
pertaining to Kinneret Lake.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Burkholderiales / Comamonadaceae / Kinneretia

Cells are Gram‐negative, rod shaped (∼2‐µm long), and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Strictly aerobic, oxidase‐positive, and catalase‐negative. Not able to assimilate sugars. The major fatty acids are C
16:1
ω7
c
, C
16:0
, and C
18:1
ω7
c
/12
t
/9
t
. Isolated mainly from freshwater. Taxonomically, the genus belongs to the family
Comamonadaceae
, close to the phylogenetic branches of
Rubrivivax
(
incertae Sedis
V;
incertae Sedis V. Rubrivivax
) and
Roseateles
(
incertae Sedis
IV;
incertae Sedis IV. Roseateles
). The type species is
Kinneretia asaccharophila
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67.52% (genome sequence); 69.3 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Kinneretia asaccharophila
Gomila, Pinhassi, Falsen, Moore and Lalucat 2010, 813
VP
.
M
uricomes
Authors: Riedel Thomas , Abt Birte , Pukall Rüdiger
Published: October 2019

Mu.ri.co'mes, L. n. mus,
muris
mouse; L. n.
comes
a companion; N.L. masc. n.,
Muricomes
a companion of a mouse.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Lachnospiraceae / Muricomes

The genus
Muricomes
currently consists of the species
Muricomes intestini
. The type strain 2‐PG‐424‐CC‐1
T
= DSM 29489
T
was isolated from the caecal content of a mouse and is part of the Mouse Intestinal Bacterial Collection (miBC). This collection includes cultivable bacterial strains isolated from the intestine of mice (
Mus musculus
). The resource is available at
www.dsmz.de/miBC.16S
rRNA sequences related to
M. intestini
have predominantly been detected in metagenomes from the mouse or human gut.
M. intestini
is a Gram‐positive, strictly anaerobic bacterium able to form straight rods occurring as single cells or longer filamentous chains, which separate into single cells.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 43.1.

Type species
:
Muricomes intestini
Lagkouvardos, Pukall, Abt, Foesel, Meier‐Kolthoff, Kumar et al. 2016b, 4302
VP
(Effective publication: Lagkouvardos, Pukall, Abt, Foesel, Meier‐Kolthoff, Kumar et al. 2016a, 13).
S
ulfuritortus
Authors: Boden Rich
Published: October 2019

Sul.fu.ri.tor'tus. L. neut. n.
sulfur
, brimstone, sulfur; L. masc. n.
tortus
, a twist, a winding; N.L. masc. n.
Sulfuritortus
, sulfur‐oxidizing twisted organism.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Nitrosomonadales / Thiobacillaceae / Sulfuritortus

Cells are curved rods or spirals. Cytochrome
c
oxidase‐positive and catalase‐negative. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores, exospores, and cysts are not produced. Metabolically an obligate chemolithoautotroph, supported by reduced sulfur species and elementary sulfur. Form IAq and Form II
d
‐ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenases (RuBisCO) are present in the genome. Obligately respiratory, with molecular oxygen and nitrate the only known terminal electron acceptors. Moderately thermophilic, growing at 15–48°C with optimal growth at 45°C. The major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone‐8 (UQ‐8). Dominant fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
16:1
, C
18:1
, and C
10:0
3‐OH. Has
aa
3
and
cbb
3
cytochrome
c
oxidases but no ubiquinol oxidases.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 65.49 (from sequence) to 66.0 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Sulfuritortus calidifontis
Kojima, Watanabe and Fukui 2017, 1357
VP
.
Stability analysis and robust synchronization of fractional‐order competitive neural networks with different time scales and impulsive perturbations
Authors: Pratap Anbalagan , Raja Ramachandran , Agarwal Ravi P , Cao Jinde
Published: October 2019

This article mainly examine a class of robust synchronization, global stability criterion, and boundedness analysis for delayed fractional‐order competitive type‐neural networks with impulsive effects and different time scales. Firstly, by endowing the robust analysis skills and a new class of Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional approach, the error dynamical system is furnished to be a robust adaptive synchronization in the voice of linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. Secondly, by ignoring the uncertain parameter terms, the existence of equilibrium points are established by means of topological degree properties, and the solution representation of the considered network model are provided. Thirdly, a novel global asymptotic stability condition is proposed in the voice of LMIs, which is less conservative. Finally, our analytical results are justified with two numerical examples with simulations.
Bounded synchronization of complex dynamical networks with prescribed performance via event‐based transmission strategy
Authors: Fan Aili , Li Junmin , Wei Chengzhou
Published: October 2019

This paper addresses a novel prescribed performance synchronization of complex dynamical networks by means of event‐triggered communication protocols. With the designed controller and proposed even‐triggered communication strategy, this paper have advantages of guaranteeing the transient and steady‐state performance of complex dynamic networks and avoiding the continuous communication of networks for reducing the number of communications and saving the network resources. In addition, the Zeno behavior is avoided in the networks. At last, the effectiveness of the theoretic results obtained is verified via the application in the complex dynamical network with Chua's circuit.
An Artificial Skyrmion Platform with Robust Tunability in Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Multilayers
Authors: Li Yong , Feng Qiyuan , Li Sihua , Huang Ke , Ma Mangyuan , Gan Weiliang , Zhou Haibiao , Jin Xiangjun , Renshaw Wang Xiao , Lu Yalin , Lew Wen Siang , Lu Qingyou , Ma Fusheng
Published: October 2019

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically nontrivial spin structures, and their existence in ferromagnetically coupled multilayers has been widely reported with a disordered arrangement. Here, a nucleation scenario of ordered skyrmions in nanostructured synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) multilayers is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using direct magnetization imaging, indirect magnetometer and magnetoresistance measurement, and micromagnetic simulation. Instead of relying on Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, the antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling in the SAF multilayers fulfills the role of nucleation and stabilization of skyrmions. The robustness of the proposed skyrmion nucleation scenario is examined against temperature from 4.5 to 300 K and device size from 400 to 1200 nm. Interestingly, these synthetic skyrmions still behave well with a size less than 100 nm. The higher stability than generic magnetic domains can be attributed to topological protection. The results thus provide an artificial skyrmion platform to meet the functional needs of high density and designable arrangement in magnonic and spintronic applications.
Current role of trisectionectomy for hepatopancreatobiliary malignancies
Authors: Kron Philipp , Kimura Norihisa , Farid Shahid , Lodge J. Peter A.
Published: October 2019

Background

Trisectionectomy is a treatment option in extensive liver malignancy, including colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, the reported experience of this procedure is limited. Therefore, we present our experience with right hepatic trisectionectomy (RHT) for CRLM as an example and discuss the changing role of trisectionectomy in the context of modern treatment alternatives based on a literature review.

Methods

Between January 1993 and December 2014 all patients undergoing RHT at a single center in the UK for CRLM were included. Patient and tumor characteristics were reviewed and a multivariate analysis was done. Based on a literature review the role of trisectionectomy in the treatment of HPB malignancies was discussed.

Results

A total of 211 patients undergoing RHT were included. Overall perioperative morbidity was 40.3%. Overall 90‐day mortality was 7.6% but reduced to 2.8% over time. Multivariate analysis identified additional organ resection (P = .040) and blood transfusion (P = .028) as independent risk factors for morbidity. Multiple tumors, total hepatic vascular exclusion, and R1 resection were independent risk factors for significantly decreased disease‐free and disease‐specific survival. Further surgery for recurrence after RHT significantly prolonged survival compared with palliative chemotherapy only.

Conclusion

With the further development of surgical and multimodal treatment strategies in CRLM the indications for trisectionectomy are decreasing. Having being formerly associated with high rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality, this single‐center experience clearly shows that these concomitant risks decrease with experience, liberal use of portal vein embolization and improved patient selection. Trisectionectomy remains relevant in selected patients.
Experimental investigation of the evaporation behavior of urea‐water‐solution droplets exposed to a hot air stream
Authors: Surendran Mikhil , Anand T. N. C. , Bakshi Shamit
Published: October 2019

The behavior of droplets of urea‐water‐solution (UWS) evaporating under the influence of a hot stream of air was investigated experimentally, under temperatures ranging from 100°C to 400°C. The droplets were suspended on a glass microfiber to minimize the influence of heat conduction, through the fiber, on the evaporation rate of the droplet. The flow rate of air, under all experimental conditions, was measured and these data were used to estimate the average velocity of air around the droplet. Experiments were also conducted on droplets of pure water and the results were compared. The initial mass fraction of urea, in the solution, did not appear to have a significant effect on the evaporation constant, but it did affect a few essential aspects of the evaporation behavior. The evaporation of water droplets was in accordance with the d2 law at all temperatures, whereas the evaporation of UWS droplets was ambient‐temperature dependent.
The “maternal effect” on epilepsy risk: Analysis of familial epilepsies and reassessment of prior evidence
Authors: Ellis Colin A. , Berkovic Samuel F. , Epstein Michael P. , Ottman Ruth ,   for the Epi4K Consortium
Published: October 2019

Objective

Previous studies have observed that epilepsy risk is higher among offspring of affected women than offspring of affected men. We tested whether this “maternal effect” was present in familial epilepsies, which are enriched for genetic factors that contribute to epilepsy risk.

Methods

We assessed evidence of a maternal effect in a cohort of families containing ≥3 persons with epilepsy using 3 methods: (1) “downward‐looking” analysis, comparing the rate of epilepsy in offspring of affected women versus men; (2) “upward‐looking” analysis, comparing the rate of epilepsy among mothers versus fathers of affected individuals; and (3) lineage analysis, comparing the proportion of affected individuals with family history of epilepsy on the maternal versus paternal side.

Results

Downward‐looking analysis revealed no difference in epilepsy rates among offspring of affected mothers versus fathers (prevalence ratio = 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8–1.2). Upward‐looking analysis revealed more affected mothers than affected fathers; this effect was similar for affected and unaffected sibships (odds ratio = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.5–1.2) and was explained by a combination of differential fertility and participation rates. Lineage analysis revealed no significant difference in the likelihood of maternal versus paternal family history of epilepsy.

Interpretation

We found no evidence of a maternal effect on epilepsy risk in this familial epilepsy cohort. Confounding sex imbalances can create the appearance of a maternal effect in upward‐looking analyses and may have impacted prior studies. We discuss possible explanations for the lack of evidence, in familial epilepsies, of the maternal effect observed in population‐based studies. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:132–138
Unpaired 3d Electrons on Atomically Dispersed Cobalt Centres in Coordination Polymers Regulate both Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Activity and Selectivity for Use in Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Lian Yuebin , Yang Wenjuan , Zhang Chufeng , Sun Hao , Deng Zhao , Xu Wenjie , Song Li , Ouyang Zhongwen , Wang Zhenxing , Guo Jun , Peng Yang
Published: October 2019

Reversible oxygen conversion is important for various green energy technologies. Herein we synthesize a series of bimetallic coordination polymers by varying the Ni/Co ratio and using HITP (HITP=2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaiminotriphenylene) as the ligand, to interrogate the role of metal centres in modulating the activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Co3HITP2 and Ni3HITP2 are compared. Unpaired 3d electrons in Co3HITP2 result in less coplanarity but more radical character. Thus, despite of a reduced crystallinity and conductivity, the best ORR activity, comparable to 20 % Pt/C, is obtained for Co3HITP2, showing the 3d orbital configuration of the metal centre promotes ORR. Experimental and DFT studies show a transition of ORR pathway from four‐electron for Co3HITP2 to two‐electron for Ni3HITP2. Rechargeable zinc–air batteries using Co3HITP2 as the air cathode catalyst demonstrate excellent energy efficiency and stability.
On‐Demand Electrochemical Epoxidation in Nano‐Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry to Locate Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds
Authors: Tang Shuli , Cheng Heyong , Yan Xin
Published: October 2019

Reported here is the first on‐demand electrochemical epoxidation incorporated into the standard nano‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI‐MS) workflow for double‐bond identification. The capability lies in a novel tunable electro‐epoxidation of double bonds, where onset of the reaction can be controlled by simply tuning the spray voltage. On‐demand formation of mono‐/multiple epoxides is achieved at different voltages. The electro‐epoxidized products are then fragmented by tandem MS to generate diagnostic ions, indicating the double bond position(s). The process is completed within seconds, holding great potential for high‐throughput analysis. The rapid switch‐on/off electro‐epoxidation of a single sample, the low sample consumption, the demonstrated applicability to complex lipids containing multiple double bonds, and the advantage of not requiring extra apparatus make this method attractive for use in lipid‐related biological studies.
Vinyl Cation Stabilization by Silicon Enables a Formal Metal‐Free α‐Arylation of Alkyl Ketones
Authors: Pons Amandine , Michalland Jean , Zawodny Wojciech , Chen Yong , Tona Veronica , Maulide Nuno
Published: October 2019

The ability of silicon to stabilize vinyl cationic species leads to a redox arylation of alkynes whereby the stringent limitations of reactivity and regioselectivity of alkyl‐substituted alkynes are lifted. This allows the synthesis of a range of α‐silyl‐α′‐arylketones under mild conditions in good to excellent yields and with high functional group tolerance, whereby the silicon moiety in the final products can either be removed for a formal acetone monoarylation transform, or capitalized upon for subsequent electrophilic substitutions at either side of the carbonyl group.
Efficient and Divergent Synthesis of α‐Halogenated Amides and Esters by Double Electrophilic Activation of Ynamides
Authors: Thilmany Pierre , Evano Gwilherm
Published: October 2019

An efficient and modular entry to α‐halogenated amides and esters is reported. This reaction is based on an underestimated double electrophilic activation of ynamides sequentially involving highly reactive activated keteniminium and iminium ions. Upon simple reaction with HCl and an electrophilic halogenation reagent in the presence of water or an alcohol, a broad range of ynamides can be transformed, in a highly divergent manner, to α‐halo amides and esters with high efficiency and under mild conditions.
Hybrid Plasmonic–Aerogel Materials as Optical Superheaters with Engineered Resonances
Authors: Klemmed Benjamin , Besteiro Lucas V. , Benad Albrecht , Georgi Maximilian , Wang Zhiming , Govorov Alexander , Eychmüller Alexander
Published: October 2019

Solar radiation is a versatile source of energy, convertible to different forms of power. A direct path to exploit it is the generation of heat, for applications including passive building heating, but it can also drive secondary energy‐conversion steps. We present a novel concept for a hybrid material which is both strongly photo‐absorbing and with superior characteristics for the insulation of heat. The combination of that two properties is rather unique, and make this material an optical superheater. To realize such a material, we are combining plasmonic nanoheaters with alumina aerogel. The aerogel has the double function of providing structural support for plasmonic nanocrystals, which serve as nanoheaters, and reducing the diffusion rate of the heat generated by them, resulting in large local temperature increases under a relatively low radiation intensity. This work includes theoretical discussion on the physical mechanisms impacting the system's balanced thermal equilibrium.
Constructing magnetic Fe3O4‐Au@CeO2 hybrid nanofibers for selective catalytic degradation of organic dyes
Authors: Chen Sihui , Qiu Shi , Zhong Mengxiao , Tian Di , Wang Ce , Lu Xiaofeng
Published: October 2019

Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) play a vital role in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. However, pristine Au NPs usually suffer from poor selectivity and difficult recyclability. In this work, Fe3O4‐Au@CeO2 hybrid nanofibers were prepared via a simple one‐pot redox reaction between HAuCl4 and Ce (NO3)3 in the presence of Fe3O4 nanofibers. CeO2 shell was uniformly coated on the surface of Fe3O4 nanofibers to form a unique core‐shell structure, while Au NPs were encapsulated inside the CeO2 shell. The as‐prepared Fe3O4‐Au@CeO2 hybrid nanofibers have been proved to be positively surface charged due to the formation of CeO2 shell, enabling them to be good candidates for predominant selective catalytic activity towards the degradation of negatively charged organic dyes. In addition, the Fe3O4‐Au@CeO2 hybrid nanofibers showed magnetic properties, offering them excellent recyclable usability. This work presents a facile and effective solution to prepare magnetic noble metal/metal oxide hybrid nanomaterials with unique chemical structure and surface characteristic for promising applications in heterogeneous catalysis.
Enrichment of Erucic and Gondoic Fatty Acids from Crambe and Camelina Oils Catalyzed by Geotrichum candidum Lipases I and II
Authors: Oroz‐Guinea Isabel , Zorn Katja , Bornscheuer Uwe T.
Published: October 2019

Erucic (22:1, cisΔ13) and gondoic acids (20:1, cisΔ11) are building blocks obtained from renewable sources for the oleochemical industry. Different biocatalytic strategies for the enrichment of these compounds with high recovery yields were developed in our group. Geotrichum candidum lipases (GCL) strongly discriminate against fatty acids longer than 18 carbon atoms. Thus, GCL‐I and ‐II were investigated using hydrolysis or ethanolysis reactions with Crambe and Camelina oils. Hydrolysis was also studied using fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) derived from the corresponding oil. Both isoforms were highly selective; however, interesting differences were observed. Although it has been reported that GCL‐I displays a higher preference toward 18 cisΔ9, which is present in the studied oils at high levels, GCL‐II showed higher enrichment values during hydrolysis independent of the substrate used. Hence, enrichments of 87% (Crambe oil) and 82% (Crambe FAEE) for erucic acid and 50% (Camelina oil) and 45% (Camelina FAEE) for gondoic acid, with recovery values between 89% and 99%, were achieved. On the contrary, the best enzyme for ethanolysis was GCL‐I (82% and 41% for erucic and gondoic acid, respectively). In this case, although GCL‐II also displayed good enrichment and recovery levels (77% and 28%, respectively), they were lower compared to the former reactions. In both ethanolysis reactions, the FAEE fraction contained between 92% and 97% of 18 unsaturated fatty acids.