bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of certain factors on complications development in patients with multiple long bone fractures of lower extremities and severe associated trauma
Authors: Burianov Olexandr , Dubrov Sergii , Omelchenko Taras , Lianskorunskyi Volodymyr
Published: February 2021

The aim: to determine the influence of individual factors on the development of complications in patients with polytrauma and multiple long bone fractures of lower extremities.Materials and methods: a prospective study conducted inKyivCityClinicalHospital №17 from December 2016 to January 2020. The study included 57 patients with polytrauma and multiple long bone fractures of lower extremities, treated according to the proposed algorithm.Results: the most common complications were: pneumonia (21.1%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (15.8%), multiple organ failure (MOF) (15.8%), sepsis (8.8%), mortality (12.3%). A number of factors influenced the development of complications in patients with multiple long bone fractures of lower extremities and polytrauma were identified and the correlation analysis was conducted. These factors included: age; sex; the Injury Severity Score (ISS); the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS); the severity of a general condition of a patient according to the Clinical Grading Scale (CGS); trauma to the head, and neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis; head and neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis trauma in accordance with the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS); the number of segments of damaged limbs; Gustilo-Anderson fracture type; blood loss volume; massive blood transfusions; respiratory index; duration of mechanical ventilation (MV); treatment tactics; osteosynthesis method; conversion phasing.Conclusion: the analysis allowed to identify the most significant factors that lead to complications in patients with multiple long bone fractures of lower extremities and polytrauma. Informative parameters were:−                   for pneumonia: GCS and CGS; chest injury; AIS head and neck, chest ≥ 4; duration of MV; treatment tactics; conversion phasing (IC = 1.0-2.1).−                   for ARDS: GCS and CGS; AIS chest ≥ 4; fractures > 2 long bones; blood loss volume; massive blood transfusions; respiratory index; duration of MV; treatment tactics (IC = 1.2-4.6).−                   for sepsis: GCS; trauma to the chest, abdomen; AIS head and neck, abdominal cavity ≥ 4; fractures > 2 long bones; conversion phasing (IC = 1.1-3.2).−                   for MOF: GCS and CGS; abdominal trauma; AIS abdominal cavity ≥ 4; fractures > 2 long bones; massive blood transfusions; conversion phasing (IC = 1.2-2.2).−                   for mortality: age, ISS, GCS and CGS; abdominal trauma; AIS head and neck; chest, abdomen, pelvis ≥ 4; blood loss volume; massive blood transfusions; duration of MV (IC = 1,1-5,9).Among the factors there were those for which the diagnostic and treatment process:−                   affected: the choice of treatment tactics (IC = 1,1-1,3); use of massive blood transfusions (IC = 1.8-4.8); duration of MV (IC = 1,2-2,1); conversion of the fixation method (IC = 1.2-1.8).−                   did not affect: GCS (IC = 1,2-3,1), CGS (IC = 1,1-1,3), AIS (IC = 1,0-6,2).
Changes in the content of interleukins in the serum of male and female rates with different resistance to acute hypoxic hypoxia under immobilization stress
Authors: Denefil O. V. , Ordynskyi Iu. M.
Published: February 2021

Attention of scientists of the world are study the features of increased resistance to hypoxia and stress, different development inflammation in them.The aim of the study was to trace the features of interleukins level in high- and low-resistance to hypoxic hypoxia rats (HR, LR) in different models of immobilization stress.Material and methods of investigation. The experiments were performed on 144 outbred HR and LR aged 5.5-6 months, dividing into 3 groups – control and 2 with different model of immobilizing stress. Determine concentration of interleukins 1beta, 2, 4, 6, 10 (IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the blood serum.Results. High congenital resistance to hypoxia is associated with an increased content of anti-inflammatory cytokines (in males - IL-4 on 24.73% (p<0.001), in females - IL-10 on 37.36%; p<0.001). Intact males, compared with females, have a higher production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha). Intact males, compared with females, are dominated by the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood. In HR males, compared with females, a higher content of IL-6 (49.93%; p<0.01), TNF-alpha (10.85%; p<0.01), IL-4 (33.92%; p<0.001), lower - IL-1beta (37.91%; p<0.02) and IL-10 (93.06%; p<0.001). In LR males, compared with females, higher blood levels of IL-1beta (42.98%; p<0.001), IL-6 (54.32%; p<0.001), TNF-alpha (16,40%; p<0,002), the highest level of pro-inflammatory cytokines under stress with a frequency of every 24 hours. In HR males under these conditions, the level of IL-1beta increases (in 2.35 times; p<0.001), TNF-alpha (in 8.20 times; p<0.001). In exposed to stress every 72 hours in HR males, the level of TNF-alpha increases in 2.88 times (p<0.002), and in LR males in 5.18 times (p<0.001). At the same time, in HR females its level increases in 3.25 times (p<0.01), in LR females - in 5.73 times (p<0.01).Conclusion. The experiments revealed the changes of pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins, which depends of sex, resistance to hypoxy and kinds of stress.
Influence of simultaneous laparoscopic cholecystectomy and Toupet fundoplication on physical status of patient
Authors: Halei M. , Dzubanovskyi I. , Marchuk I.
Published: February 2021

Gallstone disease is one of the most common surgical pathology. Hiatal hernia is widespread easer. This fact forms basis of combination of gallstone disease and hiatal hernia, which is often to occur. Aim of our work was to assess the impact of simultaneous operations for patients with gallstone disease in combination with a hiatal hernia, to evaluate the safety of simultaneous laparoscopic operations performed using developed technique. Compare the impact of simultaneous technique with such using classic technique. Choose the optimal treatment strategy. To form the sample, we used the data accumulated involynian regional clinical hospital (Lutsk.Ukraine) in the minimal invasive surgery unit. The sample consisted of two groups: group 1 - 126 patients who underwent simultaneous laparoscopic treatment of cholelithiasis and hiatal hernia using our own developed technique, group 2 - 206 patients who underwent only cruroraphy and Toupet fundoplication. It was shown that the method of simultaneous laparoscopic treatment in the first group made it possible to prevent re-hospitalization, second operation, and all associated with hospital stay and surgery risks at the cost of a slight increasing the average duration of the operation (51 ± 9 versus 42 ± 6 minutes in the second group). No negative affect on RCRI, ARISCAT, P-POSSUM scales detected. At the same time, there was no statistically significant increase in complications (5.5% versus 6.3% for the first and second groups, respectively, p=0.832), mortality remained zero, which indicates safety. The method promises an increase of efficiency of surgical treatment.
Evaluation of the effectiveness using nanomodified polipropilene meshes at laparoscopic operations of a hernia of a stomach
Authors: Lutkovskyi Ruslan
Published: February 2021

In laparoscopic surgical treatment of incisional abdominal hernia (AH) of great sizes, using polypropylene mesh, buth this is accompanied by a fairly high freguency of postoperative complications from the postoperative wound.In our view, the use of a polypropylene mesh modified by carbon nanotubes and an antiseptic of polyhexamethleneguanidme chloride the results of surgical treatment of AH.Aim – to improve the results of laparoscopic surgical treatment of incisional abdominal hernias of great proportions by using in combination with nanomodified polypropylene mesh.Materials and methods. The analysis of laparoscopic surgical treatment of 240 patients with AH of great sizes has been performed. Depending on the type of mesh used during laparoscopic surgical treatment, patients were divided into 2 groups. In 120 (50%) of Group I patients, the component aloplasty with the use of a nanomodified polypropylene mesh. In the 2nd group, 120 (50%) patients used the aloplasty with the use of a classic polypropylene mesh.Results and discussion. Statistically significant results were obtained in patients of Group I compared to Group II: seroma was in 17 (7.0±1.2%) in Group II compared to 4 (1.8±0.3%) in Group I (p<0.05). Chronic pain in the abdominal wall in 6 – 8 months after surgery was observed in 13 (5.3±0.4)% patients in group II and in 0 group I (p>0.05), recurrences of hernia were found in 13 (5.3±0.4%) patients of group II, in group I – in 4 (1.8±0.6)% (p<0.05). The terms of stay of patients of group II on inpatient treatment – 5,3±2,1 days group I – 2,1±1,2 days.Conclusion. Laparoscopic operacione treatment of UH using nanomodified polypropylene mesh antiseptic the use of the classical polypropylene mesh, namely, reducing the freguency of seroma from 7.0±1.2% in the II group of patients to 1.8±0.3% in group I, chronic postoperative pain – from 5.3±0.4% to 0, recurrence of hernia–from 5.3±0.4% to 1.8±0.6%.
Public-private partnership as a mechanism for improving cardiological assistance to the population at the regional level
Authors: Ivanyuk A. V.
Published: February 2021

Objective: to substantiate the feasibility of forming a modern regional center for cardiology and cardiac surgery predicated on the basis of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms. Materials and methods. The research is performed with the use of the method of system approach and analysis, sociological and statistical methods are used as well. The scientific works of specialists in the field of health care and management, regulatory documents on the problem and the results of our own sociological researches were used as informational base for its implementation. Results. According to the analysis of resource provision of the cardiac service in Kyiv region, as well as a sociological survey of 829 patients with circulatory system diseases who applied to regional outpatient clinics, and 352 cardiologists from all regions of Ukraine survey, a comprehensive description of the conditions, problems and ways of improvement of cardiac care rendering to rural population was obtained. It is shown that a promising direction of development of cardiac care regional system is the formation of a new organizational model of the regional center for cardiology and cardiac surgery predicated on PPP principles. The article presents the legal framework for the use of PPP mechanisms, reveals the prospects and benefits of forming a model of a regional center for cardiology and cardiac surgery principled on PPP, identifies external and internal conditions for the model development, outlines the necessary practical measures for its implementation. Conclusions. The materials presented in the article prove that a promising direction of regional level cardiac care improvement is the formation of a new organizational model of the regional center for cardiology and cardiac surgery predicated on the principles of PPP.
How the therapy for endometriosis affects the hormonal status in female infertility
Authors: Pedachenko N. Yu. , Shemelko T. L. , Tukhtarian R. A.
Published: February 2021

Aim. To determine changes in the values of pituitary and ovarian hormones in women with endometriosis-associated infertility, as well as to evaluate the impact of endometriosis therapy on hormonal parametersMaterials and Methods. Sixty-nine women with small-sized endometriomas with adenomyosis (target group) and 50 women with tubal infertility (controls) were examined. The values of pituitary (luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones, prolactin) and ovarian (estradiol, tubular antimullerian hormone) hormones were studied. The comparison of quantitative indicators between the studied groups of women was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test, the statistical significance of the results was assessed at a level of not less than 95% (risk of error not more than 5% - p <0.05).ResultsInfertile women with endometrioma and adenomyosis have lower AMH levels than infertile women with tubal factor. Among patients with endometriosis, there is an increase in serum FSH, LH, prolactin and estradiol compared with women without endometriosis.Dienogest moderately inhibits the secretion of FSH and LH; it has almost no effect on blood AMH and estradiol values. The use of dienogest can moderately increase the level of prolactin, It is noteworthy that these indicators are within the reference range. The use of diferelin for the treatment of endometriosis has a more active effect on the hormonal status of patients, given the decrease in such indicators as FSH and LH, AMH, estradiol and prolactinConclusions. Women with infertility against the background of endometriosis have minor changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system, which indicates the need to develop medical measures in order to correct them.The use of dienogest compared to diferelin affects the hormonal status of patients with endometriosis to a lesser extent, given the pronounced anti-proliferative effect.
Clinically pathogenic aspects of the comprehensive treatment of burn scars
Authors: Volkov R. K. , Tolokova T. I. , Vadziuk N. S.
Published: February 2021

Any deformities of general anatomical organization of the tissue at gradual deprivation of function can be relegated to the wounds which are relative to the pain syndrome and functional abnormality of the affected area of the body and cosmetic defects except for psycho-emotional disorders and they are also economic burdens for patients, their families and society. Thus short-term wound healing of high quality has high clinical value as it may lead to reduction in hospitalization and coming-back to the performance capability of patients [1]. Dermal wound healing is a dynamic and highly adjustable process of cellular, humoral and molecular mechanisms which starts after the injury and it may last for years. The correlation of cells, growth promoting substances and cytokines ends with wound healing even if a sensitive balance between cells and mediators may be imperfect, the results of the investigative procedure shows that deficit of cellular factor or mediator can be compensated with other components which take part in wound healing, thus the reactivation may still take place. An inflammatory reaction is certain under the physiologic wound healing: cell lines, functions and mediators [2]. The understanding of the sequence and chronology of processes of the wound healing, particularly the evolution of growth promoting substance and cytokine effects which leads to cell and tissue changes which are necessary for reparative processes, (Simpson and Ross, 1972; Leibovich and Ross, 1975) physiologic spatiotemporal changeability of sequential leucocyte form is shown by experiments (Martin 1997; Singer and Clark, 1999) and also the effect of competently selected corrective measures lets us achieve maximum impact of medical treatment.Suggested compound method of correction of burn scars which combines cryosurgical method with xenotransplantation, injections of steroids in scars, laser genesis procedures and compression clothes with silicone plates guarantees high efficiency of treatment of burn scars.
Features of the women hormonal background with endometriosis-associated infertility
Authors: Kulyk I. I. , Khmil S. V.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. According to experts, endometriosis affects 10-15% of women of reproductive age; the percentage of endometriosis-associated infertility in this category of women is 30-50%. Given that endometriosis affects women of young reproductive age, the question arises about conservative and surgical ways to restore reproductive function.Objective of the research: to analyze retrospectively the level of serum hormones of patients with endometriosis-associated infertility, depending on the type of treatment of endometrioid cysts.Materials and methods. The study included 114 women aged 21- 40 years with endometriosis-associated infertility, who were treated at the “ProfessorS.KhmilClinicMedicalCenter”. The comparison group included 30 women with tuboperitoneal infertility factor. Patients with endometriosis-associated infertility were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 54 women of reproductive age with unoperated endometrioid cysts up to4 cm in diameter, group 2 - 60 women with a medical history of surgical treatment of endometrioid cysts. Each of the groups was divided into 2 subgroups. 1a - monolateral endometrioid cysts; 1b - bilateral endometrioid cysts; 2a - without recurrent cysts in the previously operated ovary; 2b - with mono- or bilateral cysts in the previously operated ovary.Determination of the concentration of the reproductive system hormones was performed in an accredited laboratory of the “Professor S. Khmil Clinic Medical Center” with the help of  “Diagnostic Systems Laboratories, Inc.” test system (USA) using the analyzer “StatFax”.Results and Discussion. It was found that the concentration of AMH was probably lower in the blood serum of women who underwent cystectomy, but did not differ statistically significantly between groups 2a and 2b. The concentration of FSH in the experimental groups was probably higher than in the comparison group, but its level in different experimental groups probably did not differ when analyzing the rank variations of Kruskal-Wallis. Changes in LH concentration had similar dynamics to FSH, in particular, the level of LH in the experimental groups was probably higher against the data of the comparison group. It should be noted that the concentration of LH in 2b group was probably higher in relation to 1a (by 26.25%), 1b (by 22.42%) and 2a (by 20.24%) groups. Progesterone level was statistically significantly lower in groups 1a, 1b and 2b relative to the comparison group. Analysis of prolactin level did not show statistical difference both in the analysis of rank variations of Kruskal-Wallis, and when compared with the data of the comparison group.Conclusions. Women with endometriosis-associated infertility have hormonal disorders characterized by increased levels of follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones, estradiol, decreased levels of progesterone and anti-müllerian hormone, with AMH probably lower in women after cystectomy, according to data of unoperated patients.
New risc factors in progression of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Kovalchuk Khrystyna
Published: February 2021

Background. Allot of studies investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The exudative form of AMD is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly. At the same time neurosensory retina detachment in  AMD  has high level of prevalence and severity of comlications but little attention has been paid to explaying the risk factors of retina edema and the possibility of their role on the interstitial fluid accumulation. The investigation of patterns for predicting the risk of retinal detachment is still cosiderable, as this is important for patients selection with high risk of developing retinal detachment of AMD and effective preventive treatment. Purpose: To investigate new risk factors for the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Materials and methods. The prospective study included  37 patients (67 eyes) with the exudative form of AMD (Category 4 according to the AREDS). 21 (56.8%) patients had exudative detachment of neurosensory retina. The ophthalmologic examination included anamnesis, visometry, tonometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography. ATP, ADP, adenosine, platelet-activating factor (PAF), adrenaline and isadrin were used to study the functional activity of platelet receptors. The evaluation of platelet aggregation was carried out by a turbidimetric method. Methods of pair correlation analysis and multiple linear regression models were used  to analyse the relationship between the values of individual agonists the retinal detachment.  Results. After analysis of nine items, three of which were found to be significantly associated with serous detachment of neurosensory retina, including the activity of PAF receptors, adenosine A2A receptors and α2-adrenoreceptors. The prognosis of the cases of this complication in the general cohort of patients with exudative AMD turned out to be positive in 87.5%. Conclusions. Correlation between the development of exudative detachment of neurosensory retina and the functional state of Pl can be used in the selection for preventive treatment of patients with retinal detachment in AMD.
Cardiovascular Features of Chronic Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy on Programmed Hemodialysis
Authors: Litovkina Zoriana І. , Susla Oleksandr B.
Published: February 2021

Introduction and purpose: It is important today to determine the factors that form a very high cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with kidney damage on programmed hemodialysis (HD). The aim of the study has been to determine the cardiovascular features of chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction (ED) in HD patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Material and methods: The study has included 136 patients treated with HD (men, 78; age, 53.9±1.0 year, duration of HD, 47.6±4.2 months). Depending on the presence/absence of type 2 diabetes, they have been divided into two groups: the first – without DN (n=88); the second – with DN (n=48). The intensity of inflammation has been assessed by the serum content of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FG) and albumin. Vasomotor function of the brachial artery (BA) has been determined using a test with reactive hyperemia (endothelium-dependent vasodilation, (EDVD)). The content of nitrite anions (NO2-) and the number of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) in blood plasma have been measured. Results: In patients with DN, TNF-α (p=0.002), CRP (p<0.001) and FG (p=0.008) significantly exceeded those in non-diabetics. The average value of EDVD BA (p=0.001), NO2- (p=0.008) in patients of the second group has been lower, and the number of CECs – higher (p<0.001) compared with the first group. Vasoconstriction (EDVD<0%) and undilatation (EDVD=0%) reactions in the case of DN have been registered more often (52.1 vs. 19.1%, p<0.001). In patients with DN for the first time have been established correlations between CECs and TNF-α (Rs=0.73, p<0.001), CRP (Rs=0.53, p<0.001), FG (Rs=0.53, p<0.001), albumin (Rs=-0.43, p=0.002). Conclusions: Chronic inflammation in the constellation with endothelial damage in patients with DN in the case of HD is obviously an important factor in cardiovascular remodeling, a predictor of progression of cardiovascular complications.
Abacterial prostatitis of viral etiology and its chronobiological features
Authors: Goydyk V. S. , Novikov M. V. , Gozhenko A. I.
Published: February 2021

Urogenital infections are a global health burden all over the world. The combination of general “aging” of the population and improvement of diagnostic capabilities led to a surge in the detection of diseases of the urogenital sphere, much of which have viral etiology. An increase in the load on doctors of the urological profile, especially working at outpatient units, dictates the need to improve the efficiency of their work. The use of mathematical modeling methods in the study of medical records of 600 men with urogenital diseases made it possible to ascertain the seasonality of requests for medical help, as well as to create a prognostic model, the use of which suggests the possible number of referrals for patients with abacterial prostatitis of viral etiology during any month of the next year.
Pharmacocorrection of mitochondrial dysfunction and energy imbalance of substantia nigra neurons in experimental Parkinson's disease in rats
Authors: Maramukha Volodymyr
Published: February 2021

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disease and the incidence increases markedly with age, treatment has significantly improved the quality of life of patients with PD, but statistics show that these patients continue to show shorter life expectancies compared to the general population.Aim of the study. To investigate the features of changes in energy balance and mitochondrial dysfunction on the basis of experimental studies in rats in the modeling of PD and justify the development of possible treatment regimens with specific neuroprotective effects on the dopaminergic system.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 90 Wistar rats at the age of 6 months weighing 220-290 grams. Parkinsonism was induced by the administration of the neurotoxin MPTP (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) to experimental rats with neuroprotective treatment: I – Intact (passive control); II – animals with experimental Parkinson's disease (PD, active control); III – PD + Amantadine (AM) IV – PD + AM + Cerebrocurin; V – PD + AM + Pramistar; VI – PD + AM + Gliatilin; VII – PD + AM + Noofen; VIII – PD + AM + Pronoran; IX – PD + AM + Melatonin.Results. Under conditions of formation of experimental PD in rats develops energy deficiency of neuronal cells and dysfunction of the Krebs cycle with a predominance of anaerobic oxidation of the substrate, as well as the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. Prescribed neuroprotective drugs significantly improved energy metabolism in the brain of rats with PD within statistical significance, increased levels of ATP and ADP, enzymatic activity of mCPK and ATPase, decreased levels of AMP, especially pronounced drugs melatonin, cerebrocurin, gliatilin and pronoran. Neuroprotective therapy of experimental PD in rats contributed to a statistically significant increase in the values of pyruvate, malate, LDH and MDG, and also led to a decrease in the values of lactate and lactic acidosis in brain tissues. The appointment of neuroprotective therapy with basic amantadine therapy led to an increase in energy charge, energy potential, phosphorylation index and thermodynamic control of respiration in the mitochondria of neurons, especially in the groups of melatonin, cerebrocurin, gliatilin and pronoran.Conclusions. Pharmacocorrection of mitochondrial dysfunction and energy imbalance of dopaminergic neurons in experimental PD in rats may indirectly or directly inhibite to the progression of pathology in PD.
Comparison of markers of skin inflammation after injections of polylactic acid and threads based on polylactic acid
Authors: Larkina S. A. , Makarenko O. A. , Seletskaya A. V.
Published: February 2021

Aging processes lead to the tremendous changes in every tissues of human and skin is not an exception. Externally observable aging changes of the skin are caused by involutionary processes, which are happening on all levels, from skin to bones. The development of methods of prevention and treatment, which are aimed at fighting age-related changes in the skin and activating regenerative processes, is a live issue and has great scientific and practical significance.One of the important factors of skin aging is involutional changes occurring in the dermis. Currently, injections, based on polylactic acid are actively used as collagen stimulants in aesthetic medicine. Polylactic acid is a hydrophobic, biodegradable polymer derived from lactic acid. However, the mechanism of effect of polylactic acid on the components of the dermis, as well as the morphohistochemical status of the implant itself and the effect on markers of skin inflammation remains insufficiently understood and are actively discussed in the literature.We carried out biochemical studies of rat skin in order to study the effect of polylactic acid on markers of skin inflammation. To assess the condition of the skin of rats, after the administration of the studied drugs, the following was determined:• marker of inflammation - the activity of neutrophilic elastase;• factor of the state of cell membranes - the activity of lysosomal acid phosphatase;• the state of nonspecific antimicrobial protection - the activity of lysozyme.The conducted study allows us to conclude about the relative safety of preparations based on polylactic acid, the subdermal administration of which after 60 days shows minor signs of inflammation and practically does not affect the nonspecific antimicrobial protection of the skin of laboratory rats.
Histostructure of the thyroid gland in the sexually mature offsprings of female rats which were exposed to passive smoking during pregnancy
Authors: Sokolova S. S.
Published: February 2021

Active smoking or passive entry of tobacco smoke into the body of a pregnant leads to the effects of nicotine on the fetus’s cells, which causes many problems of fetal development and health problems in the later life of the offspring. The researches made has conclusively proven that smoking during pregnancy contributes to the development of many endocrine disorders. The effect of tobacco smoke on the increase of leptin, C-reactive protein, decrease of adiponectin, as well as on the appearance of antibodies to islet cells of the pancreas, as the first step to the development of type 1 diabetes, was determined by epidemiological studies. In studying the effects of nicotine during lactation it was concluded that the consumption of 6 mg / kg / day of nicotine, hyperleptinemia and primary hypothyroidism develops in the newborn, and later in adulthood, all components of the metabolic syndrome. At the same time, the data on the effect of nicotine entering the mother's body and its further influence on the offspring’s thyroid gland are few. The objective: to the study histofunctional and morphometric features of the thyroid gland of both sexes offsprings born by mothers which were exposed to "passive" smoking during pregnancy. The study object: 6-month-old Wistar rats, first-generation offspring derived from control (intact) females that were exposed to tobacco smoke components in a reproduction model of "passive" smoking. Histological and morphometric changes of the thyroid gland of 6-month-old offspring of mothers in whose bodies the products of cigarette combustion entered through the respiratory tract were studied. Morphofunctional criteria of instability and changes in the microstructure of the thyroid gland of offsprings whose mothers were exposed to nicotine in postnatal life were determined. Primary apoptotic-destructive processes in parenchyma, the formation of unstructured cell fields and microfollicles allow us to consider these offsprings as a risk group for thyroid pathology in terms of additional exposure to negative factors of "passive" smoking.
Physical activity and body posture of younger school children in the opinion of parents
Authors: Makarczuk Anna Krystyna , Kowalewski Michał
Published: February 2021

The research was conducted in 2017 - 2018 in Łódź among parents of children attending the classes I - III of primary school. The method of diagnostic survey was used and a total of 521 questionnaires were collected.The general level of parents' knowledge of the causes of posture defects and their prevention is low. Only twenty percent of parents can identify the most common causes of defects and factors that negatively affect a body posture. Among the studied population of children, body posture disorders occur in 83% of cases. Children most often do not perform corrective and compensatory exercises at home (73%) and do not attend corrective gymnastics (56%). A significant percentage of people (58%) spend five or more hours a day sitting and playing the computer. The percentage of children not participating in any additional physical activities is also relatively high (43%). These facts arise the request of the need to take action to increase awareness among parents for the prevention and treatment of static disorders of the body.
Methodical approach to teaching students mechanisms of hemoblastosis development at the department of pathophysiology
Authors: Yelinska A. M.
Published: February 2021

This work is a fragment of the initiative research "The role of transcription factors, the circadian oscillator system and metabolic disorders in the formation and functioning of pathological systems" (№ 0119U103898).The article is devoted to the problem of methodical approach to teaching the topic "Hemoblastosis" at the Department of Pathophysiology. Module 2 "Pathophysiology of organs and systems" begins with the study of the submodule "Pathophysiology of the blood system" for all students majoring in 222 "Medicine", 228 "Pediatrics" and 221 "Dentistry". One of the difficult topics for students to understand is the topic of "Hemoblastosis".InUkraine, the system of higher medical education is undergoing active innovative changes. This process is characterized by the introduction of new technologies and techniques in the educational process. Innovative forms and methods of teaching are developed and implemented.The purpose of this work is to analyze the difficulties that students have when they studying the topic of "Hemoblastosis" and the development of methodological approaches to their elimination.According to the WHO: cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world: in 2012, there were 8.2 million deaths from cancer. Hemoblastosis accounts for approximately 8% of all malignancies and all together they are among the 6 most common types of malignant tumors. Acute leukemias account for about 50-60% of all leukemias, with acute myeloblastic leukemia being slightly more common than acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Chronic leukemias account for about 40-50% of all leukemias, with chronic lymphocytic leukemia being slightly more common than chronic myelocytic leukemia. Hemoblastosis is a relatively rare disease; mortality from them is 1.7-3.1 per 100,000 population. Among therapeutic diseases, leukemia occurs in 1.5-2.6% of cases. Recently, the incidences of hemoblastosis, especially acute, have increased in all countries.
Mechanisms of ethanol liver damage in rats with different emotionality
Authors: Коstiuk O. A. , Denefil O. V.
Published: February 2021

Alcoholic liver disease is associated with liver injury ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. One of the mechanisms of organs damage is cytokines influences. The intensity of injury depends on individual reactivety.The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the blood of interleukins in the heart of high- and low-emotional (HE, LE) male rats with ethanol hepatosis, hepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver and to determine the degree of liver and heart damage.Material and methods of investigation. The experiments were performed on 72 HE and LE outbred male rats aged 4 months ((control 1, glucose 7 days, acute ethanol hepatitis – EH) and 120 HE and LE autbred male rats aged 5.5-6.5 months (control 2, glucose 67 days, ethanol hepatosis – EHs, ethanol fibrosis – EF, ethanol cirrhosis – EC). The emotionality was determined by "open field" method.Determined in the blood serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β), Interleukin 4 (IL-4), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP). All animals underwent histological examination of the liver and heart, right and left ventricles (RV, LV), and ventricular septum (VS) square.Results. In EH increase IL-1β, IL-10 and decrease TNF-α in LE rats. In EHs, EF and EC were decrease of IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-10 in HE rats and decrease of TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10 in LE rats. In EH decrease ALT (more in LE), AST (more in HE) and increase AP. In HE rats in EHs, EF and EC decreased ALT, in EC increased AST. AP in HE rats increased in EHs; decreased in EF and EC. In LE rats ALT was increased in EHs, and decreased in EC; AST was increased in EC; AP was increased in EHs. In both groups of animals at ethanol damage of a liver remodeling of heart is observed. The earlier and bigger is observed in HE rats.Conclusion. The degree of ethanol damage to the liver and heart depends on the emotionality of the animals and the severity of the simulated pathology, which is more pronounced in highly emotional rats. In the mechanisms of ethanol damage of organism of different emotionality rats take plase cytokines changes. In hepatitis increase IL-1β, IL-10 and decrease TNF-α in low emotions rats. In hepatosis, firosis and cirrhosis were decrease of IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-10 in high emotional rats and decrease of TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10 in low emotional rats.
Neurophysiological prognostic factors of motor function and spasticity after stroke
Authors: Cherkasov S.
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Understanding the neural mechanisms of recovery of motor control and development of spasticity after stroke is paramount importance for neurorehabilitation.Methods: For this purpose, we have analyzed several TMS and EEG variables and their association with motor recovery and development of spasticity. Forty-two subjects with stroke have taken part in the investigation. The neurophysiological examination included assessments by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), intra- and inter-hemispheric EEG coherence in different frequency bands (e.g. Theta (4.0–7.99 Hz)) as determined by quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). Motor function has been measured by Fugl-Meyer (FM), spasticity has been measured by modified Ashworth scale. Multiple univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses have been performed to identify the predictors for motor function and spasticity.Results: Univariate analyses have shown a significant interaction of amplitude and motor threshold (MT) of injured and MT, central motor conduction time of uninjured hemisphere with motor function according to Fugle-Meyer (FM). Also significant interaction has been shown between MT of injured hemisphere and spasticity.Multivariate analyses have shown a significant interaction of MT and beta coherence in injured, uninjured hemisphere and interhemispheric in prediction of motor function by FM. Also significant interaction of MT of injured hemisphere, delta and theta coherence between C3-C4 and spasticity has been shown.These interaction suggests that higher beta activity in the lesioned hemisphere strengthens the association between MT and FM scores. Higher beta activity in the uninjured hemisphere strengthens the association between MT and FM scores. Higher interhemispheric beta activity between C3-C4 strengthens the association between MT and FM scores. Higher delta and theta interhemispheric activity between C3-C4 strengthens the association between MT and Ashworth scores.Conclusions: Our results suggest that MT of both hemispheres is the strongest predictors of motor recovery after stroke. Moreover, cortical activity in the injured and uninjured hemisphere measured by qEEG provides additional information, specifying the association between MT and FM scores. MT of injured hemisphere in the association with low-frequency cortical activity are the strongest predictors of spasticity after stroke.Thus, the combination of EEG and TMS in predicting the recovery of motor control after stroke provides additional opportunities in the study of nonlinear relationships of influencing the interhemispheric networks, uninjured hemisphere and the release of subcortical activity
Appreciative Inquiry: A Life-Giving Personal Operating System
Authors: Godwin Lindsey N. , Stavros Jackie
Published: February 2021

Similar to how the technologies we use have an operating system (OS) to ensure information and work flows smoothly, Godwin and Stavros suggest that each of us has a personal OS that impacts the information we process from the world around us and our subsequent actions. Using Appreciative Inquiry principles as the source code for an AI-based personal operating system (the aiOS) and the AI 5D cycle as one of the most popular applications of the aiOS, they conclude with an invitation to the global AI community to submit their favorite aiOS applications for future featuring on the AI Commons.
Decomposing Loosely Coupled Mixed-Integer Programs for Optimal Microgrid Design
Authors: Zolan Alexander J. , Scioletti Michael S. , Morton David P. , Newman Alexandra M.
Published: February 2021

Microgrids are frequently employed in remote regions, in part because access to a larger electric grid is impossible, difficult, or compromises reliability and independence. Although small microgrids often employ spot generation, in which a diesel generator is attached directly to a load, microgrids that combine these individual loads and augment generators with photovoltaic cells and batteries as a distributed energy system are emerging as a safer, less costly alternative. We present a model that seeks the minimum-cost microgrid design and ideal dispatched power to support a small remote site for one year with hourly fidelity under a detailed battery model; this mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) is intractable with commercial solvers but loosely coupled with respect to time. A mixed-integer linear program (MIP) approximates the model, and a partitioning scheme linearizes the bilinear terms. We introduce a novel policy for loosely coupled MIPs in which the system reverts to equivalent conditions at regular time intervals; this separates the problem into subproblems that we solve in parallel. We obtain solutions within 5% of optimality in at most six minutes across 14 MIP instances from the literature and solutions within 5% of optimality to the MINLP instances within 20 minutes.
Jacobinos da Amazônia: nacionalismo, trabalho e violência no Pará (1890-1920)
Authors: Lobo Marcelo Ferreira , Lima Aline de Kassia Malcher
Published: February 2021

Este artigo trata das tensões entre nacionais e estrangeiros em Belém do Pará nas primeiras décadas da República. A presença significativa de imigrantes, em grande parte portugueses na cidade de Belém, proporcionou o acirramento de tensões étnicas, onde nacionalismo transfigurou-se em antilusitanismo. O projeto republicado de modernização e consolidação de uma identidade nacional, por meio da missão do cruzador José Bonifácio de nacionalização da pesca no litoral brasileiro adensou as tensões entre trabalhadores, levando em 1920 a um ataque a várias casas comerciais de estrangeiros em Belém, incluído o apedrejamento do consulado português. Os periódicos paraenses designaram os envolvidos como “jacobinos” pelo seu caráter violento. Neste sentido analisamos a difusão dessas ideias nacionalistas entre os anos de 1890 a 1920 no Pará e as implicações no mundo do trabalho amazônico.
História Regional sob a perspectiva dos processos civilizadores: possibilidades de pesquisa a partir do caso de Monte Alegre - PR
Authors: Vieira Ana Flávia Braun , Freitas Junior Miguel Archanjo de
Published: February 2021

Este artigo estudou a história da cidade-empresa de Monte Alegre (atual município de Telêmaco Borba – PR), de propriedade das Indústrias Klabin, buscando compreender como a região conhecida como sertões do Tibagi se tornou uma referência para a industrialização e urbanização nacional de meados do século XX. Sob a perspectiva da teoria dos processos civilizadores, foi realizada a análise de conteúdo das crônicas de Hellê Vellozo Fernandes, publicadas no jornal O Tibagi entre 1948 e 1964, visando identificar as sensibilidades que orientaram o processo de civilização naquela formação social e as esferas da vida às quais as publicações eram dirigidas, como também para compreender os processos de adequação comportamental e as ações de resistência. Os resultados da análise, além de permitirem conhecer aspectos das relações sociais e emocionais da formação social em questão, indicam os jornais como um elemento potencialmente acelerador do processo civilizador, uma vez que suas narrativas funcionam como pressões que direcionam a transformação comportamental, alterando o ritmo e os conteúdos das aprendizagens em seu espaço de abrangência. O estudo aponta ainda que o processo de recepção das narrativas jornalísticas tem características heterogêneas, variando o sentido de acordo com as diferentes classes envolvidas – sendo a mais afetada a camada média, pressionada pelo desejo de prestígio e o medo de perder a posição social já conquistada.
O general do Norte: Juarez Távora e o movimento pelo seu generalato no imediato pós-1930
Authors: Lopes Raimundo Helio
Published: February 2021

O artigo analisa o movimento pelo generalato de Juarez Távora no imediato pós-1930. Por sua ação na tomada de poder, Távora era um destacado herói nacional, o que possibilitou a força dessa iniciativa, organizada por civis e militares do “Norte”, região geopolítica que Távora liderava. Tendo como fontes centrais de análise a documentação do arquivo pessoal de Juarez Távora e a imprensa da região Norte, é possível analisar como esse movimento foi amplo e fundamental para definir as estratégias do grupo que formava essa região. O generalato não foi efetivado, mas esse movimento deixa antever muitos aspectos para se entender a Revolução de 1930 e os primeiros momentos do Governo Provisório.
Política e Região: a Bahia da Modernização Conservadora e o primeiro governo estadual de Antonio Carlos Magalhães
Authors: Correa Priscila Gomes , Souza Aline Farias de
Published: February 2021

O primeiro governo estadual de Antonio Carlos Magalhães (1971-1975) reestruturou a economia da Bahia, através da industrialização do estado, possibilitou o surgimento da política “carlista” e ainda redefiniu o território baiano ao projetar um novo espaço, cujo contorno diferiu da configuração política-administrativa da Bahia de hoje e também da época. Por esses termos, explorando as interfaces teóricas dos campos da história regional e da história política, a presente nota de pesquisa apresenta o processo de construção da região da Bahia da Modernização Conservadora, com foco no primeiro governo estadual de ACM, a partir da noção de região proposta, sobretudo, por Durval Muniz de Albuquerque Júnior e do diálogo entre as fontes governamentais do período e o conceito de modernização conservadora.
Preparing for Care Quality Commission registration as an aesthetic practitioner
Authors: Jones Tracey
Published: February 2021

Tracey Jones offers help and advice on the daunting prospect of Care Quality Commission registration
Cryotherapy: treatment spectrum and setting up the service
Authors: Charlson Paul
Published: February 2021

The application of cold—also known as cryotherapy—can be used to treat a variety of issues, and it must be carried out by trained personnel. Paul Charlson details more