bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural properties of TiO2-SnO2 thin films prepared by new pyrolysis solid-phase method
Authors: Volkova M G , Storozhenko V Yu , Petrov V V , Bayan E M
Published: December 2021

Nanoscale TiO2-SnO2 films with the Ti:Sn ratio 1:99, 3:97 and 5:95 mol%, respectively, were obtained by solid-phase low-temperature pyrolysis method. The synthesized materials were studied by X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Regardless of the modified agents’ concentration, the structure of cassiterite was observed for all synthesized materials. When studying the effect of synthesis parameters on the materials properties, it was shown that both an increase in the Ti4+ concentration and in the calcination temperature leads to an increase in the particle size.
Crystallization of Bi-substituted iron garnet bi-layers
Authors: Mikhailova T V , Vysokikh Yu E , Shaposhnikov A N , Berzhansky V N , Krasnoborodko S Yu , Lutovinov A S , Bulatov M F , Churikov D V
Published: December 2021

Magneto-optical (MO) structures are widely used for different application in the fields of magnetoplasmonics, magneto-optics, photonics e.t.c. Bi-substituted iron garnet (Bi:IG) is high-performance MO material. Integration of Bi:IG films to silicon semiconductor technology gives new opportunities to create nanoscale hight performance MO devices. Vacuum sputtering deposition allows to fabricate Bi:IG structures on different substrate types. Authors investigate crystallization process of Bi:IG bi-layers in a different process parameter (different layers composition and its thickness, temperature and time of annealing) using gadolinium gallium garnet GGG and fused quartz SiO2 substrates to determine dependences which impact on crystallization.
Development of epitaxial PbS layers obtaining method for photoelectric transducers
Authors: Zinchenko T O , Pecherskaya E A , Volik A V , Timohina O A , Alexandrov V S , Antipenko V V
Published: December 2021

Photoelectric transducers are a semiconductor device that converts photonic energy into electrical energy. This paper describes obtained by the hotwall epitaxy method epitaxial PbS layers technology. Materials, methods, technological parameters of synthesis were selected and substantiated. A theoretical model of the p-n transition has been developed. The calculation of the main parameters has been done. The hotwall epitaxy method was chosen for the synthesis, because it allows to obtain layers with required properties in a single technological cycle with an economical consumption of material. BaF2 was chosen as the substrate, because in this case a smaller difference in the identity periods and the layer and the substrate thermal expansion coefficients is achieved.
Optical and structural properties of the GaAs heterostructures grown using AlGaAs superlattice buffer layer on compliant Si(100) substrates with the preformed porous-Si (por-Si) layer.
Authors: Zolotukhin D , Seredin P , Lenshin A , Goloshchapov D , Hudyakov Y , Radam Ali O , Arsentyev I , Leiste H
Published: December 2021

360 nm and 700 nm thick GaAs layers were grown by MO MOCVD growth technique directly on compliant Si (100) substrate and on supper-lattice (SL) AlGaAs buffer layer. The XRD study revealed better structural quality for the sample grown on SL / por-Si buffer. AFM study revealed a smoother sample surface with blocks of more regular rectangular shape and larger size as well. Photoluminescence spectra of the samples revealed an energy shift of PL maximum intensity for both samples. Sample grown on SL buffer also showed higher PL intensity corresponding to better crystalline perfection.
Graphene two terminal detector as THz mixer
Authors: Gazaliev A Sh , Moskotin M V , Belosevich V V , Rybin M G , Gayduchenko I A , Goltsman G N
Published: December 2021

The growing requirements for mobile communication networks (data transfer rates over 100 Gbps) makes it necessary to use carrier signal with a frequency of at least 100 GHz. This requires the development of cheap and broadband sub-terahertz (sub-THz) detectors. Here we report on our recent efforts toward the development of a heterodyne sub-THz detector based on a single layer graphene two-terminal device integrated with a bowtie antenna on a sapphire substrate. Our detector operates at frequency of 140 GHz, which corresponds to the maximum transmission of THz radiation in the Earth’s atmosphere. The heterodyne detection is achieved by quasi-optical coupling of signals from two sub-THz radiation sources to the same detector. The measured frequency bandwidth is 5.8 GHz.
Piezoelectric response of aligned carbon nanotubes depending on sublayer material
Authors: Il’ina M V , Il’in O I , Osotova O I , Rudyk N N , Ageev O A
Published: December 2021

The results of experimental studies of the effect of the sublayer material on the piezoelectric response and sensitivity to mechanical deformations of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are presented. It is shown that the highest piezoelectric response (136 nA at a pressing force of 4 μN) and best sensitivity are demonstrated by CNTs grown on a Mo sublayer. This dependence is probably due to the geometric parameters of CNTs and the structure of the CNT array as a whole. The results obtained can be used to develop energy-efficient nanogenerators based on CNT arrays.
Computer simulations of solar cells based on silicon/boron phosphide selective contacts
Authors: Kiyanitsyn S Y , Gudovskih A S
Published: December 2021

Silicon solar cells with selective contacts based on boron phosphide (BP) demonstrate a high potential according to simulation. However, the influence of defects created at the BP/Si interface during BP deposition is a critical issue for solar cell performance. The computer simulations were performed to understand how the defects in the near-surface region and at the interface affect the photovoltaic properties. Calculations of the dependence of the characteristics of solar cells on parameters such as the density of interface states, the concentration of defects in the near-surface region, and its width were made.
Study of GaP/Si electron-selective contact deposited by plasma
Authors: Maksimova A A , Baranov A I , Uvarov A V , Gudovskikh A S , Kudryashov D A , Morozov I A , Bogdanova M V
Published: December 2021

The article is based on an important characterization task to accurately evaluate the properties of the layers, their interfaces with c-Si, and to select the best candidates to integrate them into a c-Si-based solar cell. The work has shown that GaP could be doped with n-type doping, thus providing a selective contact for the electrons, and has a significant valence band offset with c-Si, making it an excellent candidate as a selective contact, without requiring an additional ITO layer.
QKD key generation control protocol
Authors: Rudavin N V , Gerasin I S , Mekhtiev E E , Duplinsky A V , Kurochkin Y V
Published: December 2021

Polarization-encoding fiber QKD requires compensation of polarization distortion caused by birefringence in optical fiber. Solving this task inevitably requires losing some effectiveness in terms of the final key rate. In this work, a time-division multiplexing protocol for polarisation calibration is suggested. This protocol was implemented in a QRate commercial QKD fiber system, utilizing BB84-protocol. Parameters of the protocol were optimized to maximize the secret key rate.
Several processes participating in a decrease and the droop of external quantum efficiency in green InGaN/GaN MQW structures
Authors: Talnishnikh N A , Shabunina E I , Shmidt N M , Ivanov A E
Published: December 2021

The obtained experimental results allow us to clarify the nature of mechanisms related to the presence of cations in disordered InGaN alloy and hetero-interfaces. The capture of charge carriers by cations reduces the external quantum efficiency (EQE) in green MQWs at j < 10 A/cm2. The EQE droop phenomenon caused by smoothed out lateral potential fluctuations occurs at j > 10 A/cm2. At j > 40 A/cm2 the droop associated with interactions between charge carriers and dislocations and grain boundaries takes place.
The study of molecular composition in biomimetic interface of biocomposite/dentin
Authors: Goloshchapov D , Kashkarov V , Ippolitov I , Ippolitov Yu , Nikitkov K , Vongsvivut J , Seredin P
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is the problem of formation of the biomimetic interface between the dental product and dentin of the human tooth as well as the investigations of molecular-chemical features in biointerface with the use of molecular multivariate IR-visualization. The data on synchrotron IR-mapping made enabled to differentiate the regions of sound dentin tissue and biomimetic transition layer and also to determine molecular groups responsible for the process of integration.
Optical properties of plasmonic metal nanoparticles on GaN surface
Authors: Alay P , Enns Y , Kazakin A , Mizerov A , Nikitina E , Kondrateva A , Vyacheslavova E , Karaseov P , Mishin M
Published: December 2021

Effect of the plasmonic resonant absorption in metal nanoparticles formed on the GaN surface on optical properties of samples is studied. Silver and gold nanoparticles are formed by solid-state dewetting on epitaxial GaN grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on c-sapphire substrate. Theoretical and experimental optical characteristics show the appearance characteristic absorption of the surface plasmon resonance. The results of the work show the possibility of increasing the efficiency of GaN-based optoelectronic devices.
Fiber Optic Attenuator
Authors: Andreev D P , Andreeva E I
Published: December 2021

A study of a bending-type fiber-optic attenuator has been carried out. It is shown that the use of G.655 - optical fiber provides the largest dynamic range of the attenuator. The spectral dependence of the bending losses was measured in a wide range of wavelengths: from 1270 to 1610 nm.
Unambiguous state discrimination and joint measurement attacks on passive side channel of the light source in BB84 decoy-state protocol
Authors: Babukhin D , Sych D
Published: December 2021

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has a promise of unconditionally secure communication between the remote sides. The real-world QKD implementations, however, have numerous loopholes, both of engeneering and physical origin, and compromise the security promise. In this work, we investigate two attack strategies on the passive side channel of the light source along with the optimal cloning attack on the BB84 protocol with decoy-states. We calculate an upper bound of a secret key rate for these situations and show that the joint measurement attack on the signal and side channel degree of freedom is more effective to the adversary.
Stellar calibration of the single-photon receiver for satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution
Authors: Khmelev A V , Duplinsky A V , Kurochkin V L , Kurochkin Y V
Published: December 2021

Satellite quantum communication is the technology that allows to deploy large-scale quantum networks with a communication range of thousands kilometres We report the ground receiver for downlink quantum key distribution (QKD) with satellite. An optical part of this system including an active tracking loop is mounted on a 600-mm Ritchey-Chretien telescope and permits to distinguish polarization states to perform QKD between ground and satellite. Moreover, a procedure of calibration the receiver using stars with known brightness is presented. Measurements of the photon count rate of stars in the spectral range of 845 nm - 855 nm are performed and compared with an estimate.
Features of the fiber-optics data system using optical solitons
Authors: Ermolaev A A , Shevchenko M A , Andreeva E I
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the parameters of a high-speed information data system using dispersion-managed solitons is carried out. It is shown that the quality of information transmission can be increased by choosing the input-output point of the symbol sequence on the dispersion map.
Simulation of the photonic nanojet effect for Raman scattering enhancement in the diagnostics of oxide films
Authors: Ivanina A I , Agafonova D S , Roshina N V , Lamkin I A
Published: December 2021

In this paper, by means of numerical simulations in the COMSOL Multiphysics software it’s demonstrated that Raman scattering enhancement can be achieved for the diagnosis of metal oxide films using spherical particles made of barium titanate with a 10-micron diameter sphere. The formation of photonic nanojet in the sphere/film/substrate system at different radiation wavelengths and microsphere refractive index, film, and substrate was studied. The optimal interval of the particle refractive index is n≈1.8-2 was determined, at which the gain occurs directly at the particle/film interface. It is shown that for the UV wavelength range of wavelengths and film thicknesses from 50 to 200 nm, the gain is maximum. For ZnO and PZT films in the perovskite phase, sitall and quartz are preferred as the substrate material, while for PZT in the pyrochlore phase, sapphire is preferred.
Thermo-optical properties of nanophotonic devices with carbon nanotube films
Authors: Komrakova S , An P , Kovalyuk V , Golikov A , Gladush Y , Mkrtchan A , Nasibulin A , Goltsman G
Published: December 2021

Here, thermo-optical properties of hybrid nanophotonic circuits SWCNTs/SiN were investigated by studying the temperature dependence of the resonance wavelengths. After experimental and theoretical study, we found the thermo-optical coefficient of SWCNTs film is equal to 2.02 10-6 RIU/0C.
Polarization-sensitive terahertz spectroscopy of graphene nanostructures
Authors: Kvitsinskiy A , Rybin M , Zaitsev A , Bogdanov K , Zykov D , Obraztsova E
Published: December 2021

Efficient devices for control temporal and spatial properties of electromagnetic waves are essential for the development of terahertz (THz) technologies. But despite the great progress achieved in a study of graphene, the influence of the number of graphene layers on its optical and electrical properties in the THz frequency range has not yet been sufficiently studied. In this work, we experimentally studied optical and electrical properties of multilayer graphene (MLG) thin films in the frequency range 0.2–0.8 THz (corresponding to a wavelength range ∼1.5–0.37 mm), at a controlled room temperature of 291 K, and a relative humidity of 40 %. Using our custom-made THz time-domain spectroscopic polarimetry system, we obtained spectra of the complex relative permittivity and the electrical conductance of the chemical vapor deposition graphene with ∼14, ∼40, and ∼76 layers of graphene on borosilicate glass substrates. It is shown that the conductance increases nonlinearly with an increase in the graphene layer number and reaches, for ∼76 layers, 0.06 S for the real, and 0.03 S for the imaginary part, respectively. Our results show that by using MLG it is possible to create tunable devices that can be used in the advanced areas of THz photonics.
Control of the mode composition of optical radiation in a microstructured fiber
Authors: Pchelkin G A , Fadeenko V B , Davydov V V , Rud V Yu
Published: December 2021

The construction structure of microstructured fibers is considered. A research scheme of the mode composition and defects control in optical fibers is developed. A microstructured fiber for studying optical vortex fields has been developed and manufactured. The results of studies of the same fiber structure and the distribution of optical radiation depending on the parameters of the technological cycle of its production are presented.
Absorption properties of bromide photo-thermo-refractive glasses doped with Ytterbium
Authors: Pesnyakov V , Kharisova R , Ignatiev A
Published: December 2021

In this work bromide photo-thermo-refractive glasses with different Ytterbium concentration were explored. It is shown that UV irradiation and subsequent heat treatment of samples with Yb 2 mol.% causes significant red-shift absorption line from 410 nm with temperature lower than Tg to 517 nm with temperature Tg +60 °C. For small concentration of Yb (0,1 mol. %) maximum red-shift in plasmon resonance absorption band is shown as 485 nm and it is the same for heat treatment temperatures from Tg +20 °C to Tg +60 °C.
Development of a fiber-optic system for testing instruments for monitoring nuclear power plants
Authors: Pilipova V M , Davydov V V , Rud V Y
Published: December 2021

The necessity of testing the equipment for monitoring the operation of nuclear power plants is justified. It is proposed to use optical fiber and pulsed laser radiation for these purposes. It is established that optical fiber is more resistant to radiation than other communication systems. The design of a fiber-optic emergency simulator is developed. The calculation of its characteristics is carried out. Their experimental research was carried out. It was found that with an optical signal delay of 98.6 microseconds, the loss is – 26 dB with an uneven frequency response of ± 2 dB. This makes it possible to test the entire set of equipment that uses optical signals used to control a nuclear power plant.
Helical phase in two-dimensional magnets due to four-spin interactions
Authors: Rakhmanova G R , Ilin D I , Osipov A N , Shushakova I V , Iorsh I V , Ado I A , Titov M
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate that in ferromagnets with the D3h point group of symmetry a possible origin of phase transition from a collinear ferromagnetic state to a non-collinear state can be the fourth order contributions to the free energy density that are allowed by this point group of symmetry. At the same time, Dzyaloshinskii-Moria interaction vanishes in such materials. Via symmetry analysis we derive seven possible fourth order contributions to the free energy density with respect to the unit vector of the local magnetization direction but only two of them can be considered as independent. Moreover, for two-dimensional systems only one survives. Considered symmetry class is essential because a large group of two-dimensional intrinsic ferromagnets belongs to it, for example a monolayer Fe3GeTe2. The four-spin chiral exchange does also manifest itself in peculiar magnon spectra and favors spin waves.
The investigation of the features optical vortices focusing by ring gratings with the variable height using high-performance computer systems
Authors: Savelyev D A
Published: December 2021

The diffraction of vortex laser beams with circular polarization by ring gratings with the variable height was investigated in this paper. Modelling of near zone diffraction is numerically investigated by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The changes in the length size of the light needle and focal spot size are shown depending on the type of the ring grating.
Investigation of laser and thermal sintering processes of silver nanoparticles agglomerates synthesized by spark discharge
Authors: Tikhonov S S , Nouraldeen M , Khabarov K M , Efimov A A , Ivanov V V
Published: December 2021

Changes in the shape and size of silver nanoparticles (NPs) during their laser and thermal sintering have been studied experimentally and theoretically. Aerosol silver NPs forming dendrid-like agglomerates 180 nm in size were synthesized by spark discharge and exposed to laser radiation and high temperature of 750 °C. The shape and size of the NPs were investigated depending on the power of the laser radiation and the temperature of the gas. It is estimated that, at a power density of laser radiation of the order of 103-104 W/cm2, the formation of spherical NPs with an average size of 140 nm is expected. Such particles turn out to be similar to NPs thermally heated in a gas flow at 750 °C for 6 seconds.
Tunable laser induced periodic surface structures in Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films
Authors: Bessonova Irina G , Trofimov Pavel I , Lazarenko Petr I , Kirilenko Demid A , Bert Nikolay A , Kozyukhin Sergey A , Sinev Ivan S
Published: December 2021

Planar photonic structures, such as gratings and metasurfaces, are routinely used for beam steering, waveguide coupling, and light localization. However, conventional fabrication techniques that involve lithography are demanding in terms of time and cost. Much cheaper and simpler methods for surface patterning and formation of periodic surface structures are enabled by direct laser processing. Here, we demonstrate low-cost rapid fabrication of high-quality phase gratings based on the formation of laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, or ripples) in Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) thin films. Due to unique phase change properties of GST, the structures demonstrate strong modulation of refractive index with period controlled by the wavelength of laser irradiation. We study the formation of phase change LIPSS in a broad range of excitation wavelengths and observe transition between regimes with different orientations of generated ripples with respect to laser polarization.
Study of the welded joint of VT1-0 titanium with 1.3343 steel
Authors: Egorov I , Fomin A
Published: December 2021

The work describes a method for obtaining a composite structure of small plates. The resulting plates are a layered structure consisting of a substrate (1.3343 steel) and a titanium coating (VT1-0). A method of resistance welding in the open air was applied to form a layered structure. The resulting titanium-steel compound was tensile tested. The maximum force at break of the welded joint varied in the range from 1.05 to 2.17 kN.
Induction-thermal action effect on the surface area of titanium products
Authors: Fomina M , Shchelkunov A , Shumilin A
Published: December 2021

The changes in the surface area of titanium samples occurring during induction heat treatment (IHT) were studied. The dependence of the surface area of titanium samples on the exposure temperature was revealed. When a titanium sample was heated to a temperature of 1000 °C in the air at an exposure time of 60 s, there was a 45-fold area increase. The assessment of the porosity of the formed coating is carried out. The number of pores increased with increasing temperature from 374 to 1029 pieces. Accordingly, the average pore size decreased by 40%.
Electrophoretic deposition and capacitive characteristics of composite electrode materials based on CNTs and ruthenium oxide for planar supercapacitors
Authors: Kakovkina Yu I , Lebedev E A , Kitsyuk E P , Kuzmin D A , Alekseyev A V , Shaman Yu P
Published: December 2021

In this work, a method for the formation of planar supercapacitors, which combines electrophoretic deposition of composite electrode materials based on CNTs and ruthenium oxide, and laser engraving, is proposed. The features of electrophoretic deposition are considered and the influence of the main technological modes on the morphology and composition of the formed layers of electrode materials is determined. The conducted studies of the electrophysical characteristics of the formed samples confirmed the possibility of producing planar capacitors with a high capacity and their potential applicability for a number of applications in microelectronics.
The electron transmission properties in a non-planar system of two chained rings
Authors: Smolkina M O , Popov I Yu , Bagmutov A S , Blinova I V
Published: December 2021

The electron transmission properties in a model of two chained orthogonal quantum rings with input and output wires were investigated by using the quantum graph theory and quantum waveguide theory. The model was obtained for three-dimensional space. It also was shown that changing of the orientation of second ring in the respect to the field is a way to control the electron transmission and reflection.
Nanocarbon mesh in the flame of aromatic compounds
Authors: Vasilyeva O V , Ksenofontov S I , Lepaev A N
Published: December 2021

The soot in the flame of the pyrotechnic composition is presented in a variety of shapes and structures. Part of the dispersed particles consists entirely of carbon. The sizes of such particles are in the submicron range. Another part of the particles contains carbon in the form of nanostructures - needles and tubes. A detailed study of the morphology and chemical composition of dispersed particles on optical and scanning electron microscopes showed the existence of yet another unidentified species of particles - tuba. The resulting formations are micron-sized and retain the properties of nanostructures.
Electrophysical and photocatalytic properties of SnO2-ZnO thin films prepared by sol-gel method
Authors: Storozhenko V Yu , Volkova M G , Varzarev Yu N , Starnikova A P , Petrov V V , Bayan E M
Published: December 2021

Electrophysical properties of SnO2-ZnO thin films prepared by sol-gel method have been studied. The resistance of thin films have a temperature hysteresis, the films resistance decreases up to two times when the temperature reaches 210-300 °C and returns to its initial value when cooling down to 90-30 °C. That phenomenon can be explained by the processes of thermal generation - recombination of electrons, and adsorption - desorption of oxygen on the surface of the films.
Thermal Management System Using Phase Change Material for Lithium-ion Battery
Authors: Grimonia E , Andhika M R C , Aulady M F N , Rubi R V C , Hamidah N L
Published: December 2021

The lithium-ion battery is promising energy storage that provides proper stability, no memory effect, low self-discharge rate, and high energy density. During its usage, batteries generate heat caused by energy loss due to the transition of chemical energy to electricity and the electron transfer cycle. Consequently, a thermal management system by cooling methods in the battery is needed to control heat. One of the cooling methods is a passive cooling system using a phase change material (PCM). PCM can accommodate a large amount of heat through small dimensions. It is easy to apply and requires no power in the cooling system. This study aims to find the best type of PCM criteria for a Lithium-ion battery cooling system. The research was conducted by simulations using computational fluid dynamics. The variations were using PCM Capric Acid and PCM Hexacosane, with thickness variations of 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm. Hexacosane PCM with 9 mm thickness indicates the best result to reduce heat up to 6.54°K, demonstrating a suitable passive cooling system for Li-ion batteries.
Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams with and Without Web Openings using Direct Displacement Based Design
Authors: Komara I , Casita C B , Susanti E , Pertiwi D , Fitriah D K , Propika J
Published: December 2021

This paper describes analysis at the reinforced concrete building that contain web openings at the beam element in certain location. In the analytical modelling, the beams as treated as structural members comprising several segments which has a different dimension, and the equivalent stiffness of the opened beams has been derived. The whole structure including the beams are then analysed by the direct displacement based designed method. As the result from three analytical modelling within the variety of web openings and literature studies are compared with the evaluation of deflections and support reactions under service load. A numerical modelling is also supported the study to corroborate findings. In general, a good agreement has been obtained.
Detection and Erasing Scribble Blackboard System Based on Hough-Transform Method Using Camera
Authors: Muharom S , Rizkiawan A , Masfufiah I , Firmansyah R A , Prabowo Y A
Published: December 2021

Teachers of a secondary school in Semarang city are often exposed to blackboard chalk dust. This will give a significant impact if it occurs at a fairly frequent intensity and a long period of time. An automatic scratch detector and designing a device that can erase the blackboard is a preventive step that can reduce the long-term impact of chalk dust. The scratch detector uses a circle shape parameter as a mark of dirty position that needs to be erased. Light can affect the system performance. The system works properly at light intensities ranging from ± 160 to ± 200 lux. Testing the threshold value proves that the system can detect circles in the range of 40 - 55. The pixel size which is detected by the camera was 640x480 will allow the system to divide the blackboard into 9 mapping areas. The mapping area is differentiated into 9 sections so that the x and y coordinate positions of the blackboard dirty spot can be determined. A mechanical execution will erase the top and bottom areas according to the position of the detected mapping area. The success of scratch detector reaches 81.8%..
Automatic Design of Battery Charging System Power Supply from Photovoltaic Sources Base on Voltage
Authors: Triwijaya S , Pradipta A , Wati T
Published: December 2021

Short charging times are desirable from a battery powered system. However, the short charging time must also be considered the reliability of the system. Where the short charging time does not cause damage to the control system and battery. The battery has an important role as a source of power supply when the sun is not bright. By minimizing battery charging time, the battery can be maximally utilized as a power store. So the minimum charging time is obtained, but with maximum storage power. We present battery charging control method and auto switch off on this system. The controller is based on a constant voltage (CV) charge control scheme. In order to keep the parameters constant, this research prototype uses a DC-DC controller. The experimental results show that, the new controller charging period is significantly reduced. Moreover, the proposed controller has high accuracy and minimized battery overcharging.
Building Structure Analysis With and Without Direct Foundation Modelling using Reinforced Concrete Special Moment Resisting Frame
Authors: Propika J , Lestari L L , Septiarsilia Y , Julistian K N
Published: December 2021

The modelling of placement upon the seismic resistant structure can be carried out separately or directly. Separated modelling refers to the modelling using fixed joint, while direct modelling is defined as the lower structure directly using spring on soil-foundation interaction. Both modelling have differences in the context of behaviour and reaction of structure that must be adjusted based on SNI 1726:2019 and pile needs. This research analysed the calculation of static bearing capacity of pile and manual calculation of k coefficient by Nakazawa method and a supporting program SAP2000 V14.2.5. The analysis results indicated that under the manual calculation, total pile needs on fixed joint modelling of spun pile in diameter 600 mm class B are 185 piles within pile cap modelling at every point of column, meanwhile using SAP2000 V14.2.5, it is obtained the pile needs of spring modelling are 176 piles within integral pile cap modelling. The structural behaviour and the reaction of both modelling demonstrated the values of drift control, period, mass participation, static dynamic shear force, and force output in the fixed joint modelling were less than spring modelling.
Design of Water Temperature Stabilizer Using Element Peltier and Atemga16 for Louhan’s Aquariums
Authors: Nurmuslimah S , Saidatin N , Rahadhianto M
Published: December 2021

This study aims to design a water temperature stabilizer in the louhan fish aquarium by using a cooling system based on a Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) or a Peltier element. The system is built using several tools including a DS18B20 temperature sensor, a relay circuit and 3 Peltier elements. and AVR microcontroller. Temperature control is done by comparing the desired temperature set-point with the temperature from the sensor. The test was carried out by stabilizing the water temperature with two conditions, namely running water and inot flowing water and observing the behavior of the fish while the stabilizer system was running. The working principle of the stabilizer is that the sensor will read the water temperature, then the data is processed on the microcontroller. The temperature data will be compared with a predetermined set-point value which is around 29°C. If the temperature is more than 290C, then the cooler will turn on. The on-off control signal is generated by the microcontroller to turn on the relay and cooling system. From the test results obtained, the tool is able to stabilize the temperature of 290C and shows the behavior of fish with good conditions.
Sorting Device Coding Print Quality Machine on Packing Box Prototype Utilizing Optical Character Recognition
Authors: Firmansyah R A , Wicaksono I K , Muharom S , Prabowo Y A , Fahruzi A
Published: December 2021

The design of a system that can recognize the characters printed by the coding machine so that it can then determine the assessment of very good and bad prints, is the goal of this research. This system is useful as an indicator of an indication of a problem with the coding machine which is indicated by the number of products rejected by the system. In addition, this system is an effort to reduce printing errors so that they are sorted and do not pass to the market, thus causing misinformation to the public. This system is in the form of a moving conveyor table that has a firing area box and a reject rod as a product separator. The OCR method is programmed in a computer that is part of the system, to be able to recognize the characters printed by this coding machine. USB to TTL which functions as serial communication from the Laptop to the Microcontroller, is a complement to this tool. Testing as many as 60 times on 12 types of characters, this system has been carried out on this tool. There are six types of good characters and six types of bad characters, which have been provided. Of the 60 tests, the results were four failed tests. That is, the percentage of success of this tool is 93.33%, and the percentage of error is 6.66%.
Development of Fuel Calculation Applications Android Based for Ship Operations
Authors: Gunarti M R , Harini N V , Suharsono D D , Purnomo H , Waskito K L , Zuhri Z , Aryanti D E
Published: December 2021

This study aims to develop an android-based application to calculate the amount of fuel adjusted to the distance and speed of the ship based on the trajectory (way point). The calculation of distance in this application uses the concept of a spherical triangle which is used in voyage navigation. This development adopts the Waterfall model with the stages of Requirement Engineering, Design and implementation, Testing, Release and Maintenance. At the product review stage, it involves software experts (to provide criticism and suggestions for improvement), then testing is carried out by comparing the results of calculations using applications with manual calculations and ECDIS (electronic Chart Display Information System). The test results show that there is no significant difference between the results of calculations using the application with manual calculations and ECDIS. Thus, this application can be used to calculate the amount of fuel needed according to the distance traveled and the speed of the ship based on the selected trajectory.
Understanding the relationship between composition and rheology in alkali-activated binders
Authors: Kozhukhova N I , Shurakov I M , Kozhukhova M I , Yu Elistratkin M , Alfimova N I
Published: December 2021

Based on the knowledge that exists today, it is generally accepted that there are basic parameters and characteristics to obtain effective mixtures for their use in 3D printing. Rheological behavior and setting time (initial and final) are those characteristics that determine workability, as well as the speed and nature of hardening of the molded pastes and, as a result, the final framework and the integrity of the resulted structure. Among the promising options for 3D printing, the literature often contains information on alkali-activated binders. In this work, an alkali-activated binding system based on electrometallurgical slag, as well as citrogypsum, a waste of the industrial production of citric acid, was studied. Some rheological characteristics of experimental binders were considered: the nature of the mixture flow under the action of torsional loads and their initial and final setting times. It was found that the joined use of both components in the experimental system “slag - water”: an alkaline activator and citrogypsum, promotes the transition of the character of the system from thixotropic to mixed: dilatant-thixotropic (for the Na2SiO3 activator) and dilatant (for the NaOH activator). It was found that the addition of alkaline activators and citrogypsum to the binding system separately in both cases helps to reduce the initial and final setting times from 18 and 22 hours to 1 hour and 1.5 hours. Also, experimental results have shown that the jointed action of both components: an alkaline activator and cytogypsum, has a synergistic effect on the setting time.
Numerical simulation of deflagration in hydrogen-air gas mixes
Authors: Martyushov S N
Published: December 2021

Verification of validity of different manifolds of chemical reactions and coefficients in Arrhenius formulae was made for numerical simulation of deflagration appearing in hydrogen-air gas mixes. Kinetic model of branching chain reaction was tested for initial stage of detonation of this kind of mixes. One dimensional numerical simulations of deflagration initiation where provided for small closed heat isolated region. The next problem was solved numerically:in small closed volume, initially filled by hydrogen-air mix with atmospheric meanings of gas dynamics parameters at moment t=0 temperature rising till meaning, at which reaction of deflagration should begin. Numerical experiment consist of calculation of thermodynamics parameters of gas mix in small isolated volume. Meanings of molar concentration of components of gas mix where calculated by implicit numerical method of Gir for numerical decision. Calculation where provided till zero concentration of hydrogen or not appearing of deflagration at all. Characteristic feature of hydrogen-air gas mix deflagration is appearance of sudden explosion after long period of induction. In this induction period grows of radicals H, O and OH appears. Mass of radicals, nevertheless stay small, and one radical component transverse to the others. This explosion mechanism is branching chain reaction introduced by N.N.Semenov. In agreement with branching chain reaction theory during process of branching chain reaction radicals H, O, OH many times initiates reaction with other components of the mix. Nevertheless mass of radical components preserve small during the reaction, them almost fully disappeared in every time of the process. That’s why method of “quasi - stationary concentration” is treated to components O, OH (velocity of changing of this components concentration is equal to zero). For concentration of component H one simplified differential equation is treated. Speed of changing H essentially grater then speed of changing “slow” components H2, O2, H2O, that’s why equation for H should be solved separately. Algorithm was developed for numerical simulation of hydrogen-air mixes on the basis of theory branching chain reactions. Calculations provided demonstrate applicability of developed algorithm for numerical simulations of initial stage of deflagration of hydrogen-air mixes.
On the method of calculating the energy density of laser radiation in a metal surface modification
Authors: Trushin E S , Dasaev M R , Kalakutskaya O V , Voloshenko A P
Published: December 2021

Today, modification of metal surfaces using laser radiation (laser ablation) is one of the most common processing methods in various scientific studies. At the same time, there is no unified approach to estimating the energy of laser radiation impact on the metal surface, which significantly complicates the comparison of the results of studies performed at different parameters of laser radiation. In the present work, a universal method of calculating the energy density of laser radiation impact on the surface is presented. The formation of relief with identical geometric characteristics at different parameters of laser radiation, but with the same energy density of radiation effect on the surface being modified, was experimentally confirmed.
Selection of a rational formulation of lightened concretes on combined aggregates
Authors: Mailyan L R , Stel’makh S A , Shcherban’ E M , Stroev D A
Published: December 2021

In the difficult conditions of modern construction, the use of concretes with a combined aggregate, if the composition is rational and the formulation and technological factors act rationally, will allow solving many existing problems. In this paper, studies were carried out on the choice of a rational formulation of lightened concrete based on foamed slag, natural crushed stone and granulated blast furnace slag by varying the volume content of a porous coarse aggregate and a fine aggregate in relation to the volume of the mixture. In total, 9 series of prototypes and 1 series of control samples were manufactured and tested. One series of samples includes three cubes with dimensions of 10x10x10 cm. All samples are tested for density, compressive strength and the coefficient of constructional quality. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the introduction of foamed slag into the composition of heavy concrete instead of a part of a dense coarse aggregate and the replacement of a fine dense aggregate with granulated blast furnace slag leads to an increase in the coefficient of constructional quality, that is, the decrease in compressive strength of concrete is compensated by an even more significant decrease in the density of the material, and therefore a decrease in mass. The increase in the coefficient of constructional quality of concrete based on foamed slag, natural crushed stone and granulated blast furnace slag in comparison with the control composition was 14%.
Influence of oxygen fraction on the characteristics of titanium oxide coatings obtained by the magnetron method
Authors: Vashchilin V S , Krivinozhko E V , Sabitov L S , Trukhanov S V , KH-A Saipova L
Published: December 2021

Titanium oxide coatings were obtained by magnetron sputtering on a glass substrate with different oxygen fraction in the plasma. Studies were carried out by scanning electron microscopy of the obtained coating samples establishing the role of oxygen in the process of crystallization of TiOx-coatings. It was found that with increasing the oxygen fraction in the vacuum arc discharge plasma the crystal grain size increases, the time of coating on the substrate increases, and the crystal layer has a columnar structure. The presence of amorphous and crystalline phase for all coating samples was revealed, with the predominance of the former. On the surface microphotographs of the coatings microcraters were found, on the surface of the samples obtained at the concentration of O2 in the plasma 14% of their concentration is maximum, this can be explained by changes in the state of the plasma, starting to occur at this concentration of reaction gas. Vacuum photonic annealing of the obtained coatings was performed. Vacuum radiation annealing in the furnace led to modification of coatings: sintering of coatings, increase of their crystallinity. An increase in crystallite size in a sample with an oxygen fraction of 12% was detected.
Mechanical model and numerical simulation of composite laminates subjected to low velocity impact
Authors: Feng Xiaozhou , Wang Xiufang , Zhou Changwei , Zhang Jianmin
Published: December 2021

A mechanical model of laminated plates subjected to low velocity impact is proposed in this paper. The model studies the attenuation of impactor velocity affected by air resistance, intra-laminar damage initiation based strain, intra-laminar damage evolution based on damage parameters and delamination damage. Based on this mechanical model and ABAQUS platform, the experiment of Shi is numerically simulated. It is found that the predicted contact force, energy absorption and delamination damage of laminates are in good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the established mechanical model can be used to predict the mechanical response and damage characteristics of composite laminates subjected to low velocity impact.
Effect of Annealing Process on the Dielectric and Tunable Properties of (Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Nb0.5Ti1.5)O7(BZNT) Thin Film
Authors: Ma Yijian , Hou Shuang , Lv Linfeng , Zhang Jiatian
Published: December 2021

Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 (BZNT) thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering. In this paper, by studying the phase structure, surface morphology, and dielectric properties of BZNT films, it is found that by increasing the initial temperature in the annealing process, the film formation quality, internal stress and dielectric properties of the film can be improved. and the best performance of the BZNT film is obtained under the annealing process at the initial temperature of 500°C. The tuning amount (Tu), Dielectric loss (Loss) and quality factor (FOM) are: 13.55 percent, 0.00298 and 45.46, respectively.
The influence of the structural parameters of polycarboxylate superplasticizer on the dispersion and adsorption
Authors: Zhu Shaohong , Lin Yanmei , Fang Yunhui , Ke Yuliang , Lai Huazhen , Chen Hao
Published: December 2021

Polycarboxylate superplasticizers with different structural parameters were synthesized by isobutylene polyoxyethylene ether, acrylic acid and ammonium persulfate as raw materials from the perspective of molecular design. The influence of polycarboxylate superplasticizer on cement adsorption was characterized by cement adsorption capacity test and fluidity test, etc. At the same time, the adsorption change of polycarboxylate superplasticizer on the surface of cement particles was also revealed. It was found that the best adsorption and dispersion properties on cement paste were obtained under the heating synthesis process when the structure of the water reducing agent was designed to have a weight average molecular weight of 55128, a macromonomer conversion rate of 84.61%, and a side chain density of 0.1725. For the normal temperature process, when the weight average molecular weight was 103920, the macromonomer conversion rate 92.03%, and the side chain density 0.3115, the best effects in cement can be achieved.
Recent Advances in Copper Polycrystal Film’s Grain Boundaries Behavior and Its Influence in Properties with Molecular Dynamic Simulation
Authors: Lei Tong
Published: December 2021

Abstract.Copper polycrystal film(CPF) is accepted as a promising material for electroplated film in semiconductor devices for its outstanding conductivity and ductility as well as the good resistance to elector-migration. However, the film material attains a rapid failure in the working environment, and hence the failure mechanism and the fabrication methods require more exploration. In previous studies, it is convinced that grain boundaries(GBs) movement and its interaction with twining boundaries(TBs) and dislocations have a great influence on the failure process. In this study, the applications of Molecular Dynamic(MD) Simulation in the research of CPF have been introduced. The GBs behaviour including deformation of the GBs and the interaction between GBs and TBs that is observed by dislocation extraction algorithm(DXA) has been summarized, and its relation to the properties such as yield strength and the roughness of growth has been discussed. And the best condition to construct a CPF with magnetron sputtering method is concluded to have substrates in 700K as well as low misorientation with grains under incident atoms of large enough kinetic energy and vertical incident angle.