bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Factors Influencing Work Stress on the Health Service Rapid Action Team during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Barru Regency
Authors: Sunarti Andi , Genisa H. Jalil , . Yusuf
Published: August 2021

Work stress is the pressure of the mind of work that is felt when the demands faced exceed the strength contained in the worker. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the workload of health workers has become very high compared to normal conditions, the ongoing emergency caused by Covid-19 has put health services under strong pressure. This study aims to determine the factors that cause work stress in the Barru District Health Office's fast-moving team.
The research method used is quantitative with an analytical approach to cross-sectional study design, with a total sample of 65 people from the Covid-19 rapid response team taken by total sampling. used univariate and bivariate analysis using test Chi square.
The results of the study found that there was something that affected work stress, namely the workload of the health department's fast-moving team during the COVID-19 pandemic handling Covid-19 (p = 0.010). While other variables did not affect work stress, namely the effect of work (p = 0.000), the influence of interpersonal relationships (p = 0.010), and the effect of work professionalism (p = 0.000) on the health service rapid movement team during the pandemic-19.
The conclusion of this study is that there are those that affect work stress, namely the workload of the fast-moving team handling Covid-19, while the variables that do not affect work stress are the influence of work, the influence of interpersonal relationships, and the influence of work professionalism, on the fast-moving team handling Covid-19 It is recommended that the Barru District Health Office harmonize the work atmosphere at the Barru District Health Office, through activities in outdoor and outbound order to be able to maintain group and interpersonal relationships, and make rules that bind the fast-moving team to deal with Covid-19, especially the office. Barru Regency's health is related to additional tasks under certain conditions so that the leadership gives sanctions to the fast-moving team who do not work professionally in dealing with the covid-19 outbreak.

Keywords: Work stress, and the Covid-19 Handling Team.
Hdecay: Precise Higgs-boson Decay Rates
Authors: Spira Michael
Published: August 2021

The program HDECAY determines the partial decay widths and branching ratios of the Higgs bosons within the Standard Model with three and four generations of fermions, including the case when the Higgs couplings are rescaled, a general two–Higgs doublet model where the Higgs sector is extended and incorporates five physical states and its most studied incarnation, the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). The program addresses all decay channels including the dominant higher-order effects such as radiative corrections and multi-body channels. Since the first launch of the program, more than twenty years ago, important aspects and new ingredients have been incorporated. In this update of the program description, some of the developments are summarized while others are discussed in some detail.
Intergovernmental River Basin Management: The Role of the International Joint Commission in the Great Lakes Basin between the United States and Canada
Authors: Bushinsky Shannon
Published: August 2021

The International Joint Commission (IJC) is an independent agency that guides Canada and the United States on how to settle disputes involving their 13 transboundary river basins. The IJC’s river basin management methods can be evaluated by using 10 principles, and its techniques can be modelled by other international transboundary water organisations. The 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement serves as a case study that demonstrates how the IJC responds to situations in an immense and historically disputed basin.
Wild Mull
Authors: Littlewood Stephen , Jones Martin
Published: August 2021

High above the mountaintops on the Isle of Mull, a huge bird is soaring. Its all-encompassing gaze records people in its Hebridean territory far below, but they are of no interest. The eagle is about its business: concentrating on the deer and fidgety hares out grazing in the morning sun, the urgent push of thermals beneath its wings, a threatening weather front way out at sea, and the restless chick back in its eyrie. This is Mull in its glory. This is what the excited, watching people have travelled so far to witness. They train their binoculars and admire, perhaps envy, the eagle with its vast freedom, knowing that such a self-willed being is part of another world – almost. This book guides the reader through that world. With superb illustrations and illuminating text, we are led to the wild side of Mull. Every facet of the island’s natural history is considered, its diverse species and many stories – past, present and future. Along the way we are reminded that wildness is not somehow separate from the human world but influenced, and shared, by nature and people together. Here is the tale of a precious and unique place, a seaborne landscape that displays an uncommon biodiversity and rare wildlife experiences, although today it also faces its greatest challenges. Most of all, this book is testimony to the power of wild places and the duty we have to learn from and protect them.
Is That a Bat?
Authors: Middleton Neil
Published: August 2021

Bat detector surveys are carried out by ecological consultants, researchers, conservationists and hobbyists. Understanding and categorising non-bat sounds in surveys offers the potential of knock-on benefits for informing development projects (e.g. other important records discovered within a site), as well as the possibility of associated conservation benefits. In recent years the number of people carrying out these surveys and recording calls with bat detectors has grown considerably. These surveys often generate vast amounts of audio recordings, resulting in the heavy workload associated with completing the sound analysis and reporting process. Those carrying out analysis can be distracted, intrigued or delayed owing to the occurrence of recordings that are unfamiliar and not identifiable to them. These recordings can relate to ‘difficult to ID’ bat species, but also, often, sounds not related to bats. This can be especially true when noise triggers such as insects, small mammals or birds look like bat-related noise. Therefore, only knowing what bats sound like is not enough. It is extremely useful to know what other sources of noise look and sound like within the same soundscape. This resource will help bat workers, in whatever environment they are in, to be more confident in recognising, categorising and dismissing other sounds. The book includes a substantial downloadable sound library (.wav format) that readers can listen to by ear or process through sound analysis software. Is That a Bat? also caters for sounds that are also heard by ear alone, in the field, during the hours of darkness. These scenarios often have bat surveyors intrigued or confused as to what they are listening to. Occasionally, knowing what these sounds are could be important, or at the very least, of interest. The first chapter caters for the subject overall, including suggestions from the author as to why the subject matter is of value. It also discusses bat-related calls (including social calls) with a view to offering comparisons against the other sources of sound discussed in separate chapters. Continuing through the book, there are chapters covering the following: small mammals; amphibians; insects; birds; electrical/mechanical noise; and other noise/nuisances. Within each chapter there are sub-sections about bat detector recorded sound, sound by ear, as well as advice on techniques and methods to reduce or increase the likelihood of recording other sounds. The book concludes with associated appendices, including a ‘Problem Solving Key’ to help those encountering an unfamiliar sound to narrow it down to the likely source. With technology advancing at pace, the technical ability of the analyst is of huge importance. With a wider perspective and more knowledge, those responsible for interpreting field encounters can be more confident when making decisions about sources of sound. Apart from that, ‘knowing stuff’ makes the job far more interesting and gives the bat worker a greater appreciation of the natural world within which they are working.
Essex Rock
Authors: Mercer Ian , Mercer Ros
Published: August 2021

All landscapes are built on rock: from hard stone for building with, to the softest clay or sand. Each piece of rock is a storehouse of prehistorical information; even a simple pebble from the garden has its own complex tale to tell. Geology is the great detective science that can unlock these secrets. In this entertaining and eye-opening book, the authors take a deep dive – quite literally – into their home county of Essex. We are all living in an ice age, an ongoing event that has hugely affected Essex over the last 3 million years. Yet this county was born more than 500 million years ago. Our story begins when the land we know as Essex was part of a large continent close to the South Pole, tracing the geological processes that continue to shape the countryside around us. The form of the land, boulders on village greens, road cuttings, cliffs, stones in church walls – they can all bring geology to light in unexpected and fascinating ways. Aimed at a general readership with no scientific background, chapters progress from fundamentals to intricate details of geological investigations and cutting-edge research. Richly illustrated with photographs and colour diagrams, here the geology of a county is visualised and brought to life as never before, along with pertinent environmental insights in the light of climate change that is happening now.
A DEFINITION OF AN OPTIMAL AIMING TIME FROM THE
PNEUMATIC GUN
Authors: Avagimyants Vladimir
Published: August 2021

This article, based on research, revealed and valued an average time for shooters (men and women) demonstrating the best results.
The data obtained become the basis for identifying the optimal aiming time (6,8 – 15,2 men, 8,3 – 18,4 women) and improving the shooting technique.
BENCHMARKING RESULTS IN THE IMPROVEMENT PROCESS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM IN SPORTS JOURNALISM
Authors: Baghdasaryan Arevik
Published: August 2021

A comparative analysis focused on the educational program "Sports Journalism" of State Institute of Physical Culture and Sports of Armenia and "Journalism" of Thomas Moore University, showed that most of the mandatory subjects included in the curricula of both universities coincide in content, but differ in terms of subject credits anticipated.
Taking into account the specifics of credits provided, the curriculum "Sports Journalism" for the 2019-2020 academic years was revised and appropriate changes were made to the curriculum for 2020-2021, making it possible to ensure the implementation of student mobility between educational institutions.
Existências e Resistências negras em dias de ódio
Authors: Paixão Cassiane de Freitas
Published: August 2021

O texto trata da fala da conferência de abertura do Forum Sociedade Critica e trata de pensar sobre as resistências negras ao longo do século 20. Iniciamos o texto com alguns questionamentos sobre a conjuntura de  ódio e de violência com relação à população negra no Brasil, discutindo e refletindo sobre algumas questões pontuais. Posteriormente analisamos o quanto as resistências negras se fizeram presentes e pautaram já na segunda metade do século questões políticas, econômicas e sociais que vao incidir tanto na Constituição de 1998, quanto em leis e processos de combate ao racismo no inicio do século 21, como o Estatuto da Igualdade Racial, a Lei 10639, entre outras. Por fim,  o ensaio busca pensar que é necessário ocupar espaços políticos (aqueles que denotam relações de poder) nos mais diferentes âmbitos, e que essa é uma luta coletiva para as futuras gerações.
Política de formação docente
Authors: Queiroz Guedes Marilde Queiroz
Published: August 2021

A educação brasileira tem passado por mudanças pontuais nos últimos dez anos do século XXI, chegando a alterar a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional - LDB 9394/1996, sem um debate ampliado com a sociedade em geral, nem com as instituições interessadas diretamente: escolas, instituições formadoras e científicas. O governo federal em 2017 aprovou a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) para a Educação Básica; em 2018 instituiu as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio e, em 13/12/2018, o Ministério da Educação entregou ao Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE) a Proposta de Base Nacional Comum para a Formação de Professores, para análise e parecer. Após um ano em tramitação, a referida Proposta transformou-se em Diretrizes, instituindo a BNC-Formação, conforme Resolução n. 2/2019, do CNE/CP. Neste texto, focamos a proposta que deu origem ao novo ordenamento para a formação, com o objetivo de conhecer seus fundamentos, proposituras, possíveis avanços ou retrocesso em relação às DCN/2015, ainda em vigor. É uma investigação de abordagem qualitativa exploratória, com análise de conteúdo. Conforme o Documento, a BNC pretende ser um Referencial para as licenciaturas nas universidades brasileiras, determinando conteúdos e competências tanto para a formação inicial quanto para a continuada, em uma "visão sistêmica", devendo superar as dicotomias entre teoria e prática, escola e universidade. A organização do currículo a partir de competências e habilidades, com uma Matriz de Competências estruturada em três dimensões: do conhecimento profissional; da prática profissional; do engajamento profissional. Os dados apontam para uma nova dinâmica de formação pautada por uma pedagogia das competências e habilidades, obrigatoriamente alinhada à BNCC-EB, e os estudantes submetidos a avaliações externas, além de atrelar a formação continuada à evolução funcional ao longo da carreira docente.
Contribution à l’amélioration des pratiques de soins essentiels aux nouveau-nés dans le centre de communautaire et universitaire (CSCom U) de Konobougou
Authors: Coulibaly D
Published: August 2021

Introduction : La période postnatale immédiate est une étape fondamentale d’adaptation physiologique et psychologique pour le nouveau-né. La plupart des difficultés d'adaptation à la vie extra-utérine sont prévisibles et doivent être anticipées. Le but de cette étude était de contribuer à l’amélioration des pratiques de soins essentiels aux nouveau-nés dans le centre de santé communautaire et universitaire (CSCom-U) de Konobougou. Matériel et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude de recherche action qui s’est déroulée dans la maternité du CSCom U de Konobougou dans le district sanitaire de Barouéli/Région de Ségou du 01 décembre 2020 au 31 janvier 2021. Nous avons introduit dans cette étude 32 mères et 8 agents de santé. Résultats : Les matrones étaient plus représentées avec 62,5% suivies des sages-femmes avec 25%. Avant l’enquête tous les matériels étaient disponibles sauf la sonde naso-gastrique. Suite à notre recommandation l’équipe a décidé de s’en procurer une, ce qui a permis de porter la disponibilité des matériels à 100%. A la phase initiale de l’étude, 25% des mères enquêtées avaient reçu des consignes sur les soins du cordon ombilical, suite à la mise à niveau des prestataires nous avons obtenu une augmentation de 75% à la phase finale soit 100%. Conclusion : Les soins essentiels du nouveau-né restaient insuffisants pour déficit de formation initiale et/ou conti­nue d’une part et pour instabilité du personnel d’autre part. Ainsi, nous avons recommandé une mise en place de programme de formation continue et de suivi-évaluation destiné aux prestataires.

Mots clés : Soins essentiels, nouveau-nés, centre de communautaire et universitaire, Konobougou
Aspects épidémio-cliniques de la drépanocytose chez l’enfant à l’hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou
Authors: Bah A
Published: August 2021

Introduction : L’objectif était d’étudier les aspects épidémio-cliniques de la drépanocytose chez l’enfant à l’hôpital Nianankoro Fomba (HNF) de Ségou. Methodologie : Il s’agissait d’une étude descriptive transversale allant du 02 janvier 2019 au 28 février 2020 au service de pédiatrie de l’HNF de Ségou. Elle a porté sur tous les cas documentés de drépanocytose chez les enfants de 1 mois à 15 ans, et ceux dont le statut a été confirmé dans le service durant la période d’étude. Les variables étudiées étaient : les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, cliniques, biologiques et thérapeutiques des malades. Les données ont été saisies et analysées sur le logiciel Epi info version 3.5.4. Résultats : Pendant l’étude 7617 patients ont consulté dans le service dont 105 cas de drépanocytose soit une fréquence hospitalière de 1,3%. L’âge moyen des enfants était de 53,64 mois±4ans. Le sex ratio était de 1,4 en faveur des garçons. La notion de consanguinité était retrouvée dans 51,43% des cas. La pâleur cutanéo- muqueuse était le signe physique le plus fréquent avec 83,81%; le phénotype SS de l’hémoglobine représentait 92,38%; la crise vaso- occlusive était la complication aiguë la plus fréquente avec 51,43%. Le taux de létalité était de 0,95%. Conclusion : La drépanocytose est fréquente dans le service de pédiatrie de l’HNF- Ségou avec 1,3%. La prise en charge est difficile du fait du faible niveau du plateau technique et du faible niveau socioéconomique des parents.

Mots clés : Drépanocytose - Enfant - Ségou
Idoneidad del hábitat de Amatitlania nigrofasciata y caudales ecológicos del río Cara Sucia, El Salvador
Authors: González Leiva José Alberto , Segovia de González Jhoanna Vanessa , Cornejo Hernández Guillermo Arturo , Revelo Vidaurre José Carlos , Morán Villatoro Jacqueline Maythé
Published: August 2021

El cálculo de caudales ecológicos de ríos en El Salvador, se basa en metodologías hidráulicas orientadas al uso del agua, sin tomar integridad y función ecológica. Se presenta el estudio de caso del río Cara Sucia, donde se determinó el caudal ecológico por metodologías eco-hidráulicas utilizando a Amatitlania nigrofasciata como bioindicador. Se estimó la curva de idoneidad de hábitat de A. nigrofasciata con profundidad, velocidad del agua y tipo de sustrato. La especie prefiere hábitats con profundidades de 0.2-0.7 m (juveniles y adultos) y hasta 0.8 m época lluviosa; sobre sustratos rocosos, hojarascas y vegetación sumergida, con velocidades de 0.3-0.6 m/s en ambas épocas. La simulación del ambiente físico mostró caudales de 1.0 m3/s con condiciones habitables para la especie y hábitat potencial con caudales de 2.2 m3/s (juveniles) y 5.0 m3/s (adultos). Condiciones de estrés hídrico por cambio climático y actividades antropogénicas afectarán este ecosistema, eliminando funciones ecológicas y económicas locales.
Diversidad y abundancia de esponjas perforadoras del Área Natural Protegida Complejo Los Cóbanos, El Salvador
Authors: Trejo Ramos Alejandra , Carballo Cenizo Juan José Luis , Segovia de González Johanna Vanessa
Published: August 2021

Las esponjas perforadoras son responsables de la mayoría de la bioerosión interna en matriz arrecifal, provocando efectos importantes en su morfología y ecología; además es un proceso natural que transforma el sustrato calcáreo en sedimento y carbonato disuelto alterando el ciclo del carbono. El objetivo fue conocer diversidad y abundancia de esponjas perforadoras en arrecife Los Cóbanos. En dos playas del sitio, se emplearon tres transectos horizontales perpendiculares a la costa (30 m-long.)separados entre sí por 10 m, recolectando material calcáreo que luego se quebró en piezas pequeñas buscando esponjas perforadoras. La riqueza se agrupó en seis especies (Cliona microstrongylata, C. pocillopora, C. vermifera, Cliothosa tylostrongylata, Siphonodictyon crypticum, Thoosa calpulli), siendo nuevos registros para el país, con mayor abundancia en escombros calcáreos. Es necesario destinar más esfuerzos de investigación en este grupo para conocer su riqueza y cómo estas especies pueden modificar al arrecife rocoso y coralino de nuestro país.
Gorgonias (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) de aguas someras de El Salvador
Authors: Segovia de González Johanna Vanessa , Breedy Shadid Odalisca , Cortés Núñez Jorge
Published: August 2021

Los arrecifes rocosos son ecológicamente importantes como áreas de forrajeo, refugio y reproducción. Este ecosistema está ampliamente representado en El Salvador y tiene complejas comunidades de gorgonias. Con el fin de actualizar la riqueza de especies de este grupo, se realizó buceo SCUBA en 29 sitios del litoral salvadoreño, recolectando colonias con ayuda de un cincel y martillo, para ser examinadas e identificadas con ayuda de la literatura existente para la región. En total, se encontraron 20 especies de octocorales, de dos familias, 17 de ellas son registros nuevos para El Salvador.
Registros de varamientos de cetáceos en El Salvador entre 1995-2019
Authors: Ibarra Portillo Ricardo , Barraza Sandoval José Enrique , Pineda Luis , Martínez de Navas Elba , Pacas Mejía Mónica Gabriela , Molina Fuentes Raúl Ernesto
Published: August 2021

Se presenta información sobre 49 varamientos de cetáceos en 28 sitios del litoral de El Salvador entre los años 1995 y 2019. Los datos provienen de diferentes fuentes (medios de comunicación, informes técnicos, publicaciones y referencias de pobladores), e incluyen 50 individuos de 16 especies de cinco familias siendo la principal Delphinidae con diez varamientos. Las especies con mayorcantidad de eventos fueron: Stenella coeruleoalba (12 individuos, 24 %); Stenella attenuata (siete, 14 %); Tursiops truncatus (seis, 12 %). También se documentaron tres incidentes de Balaenoptera edeni. Los varamientos ocurrieron en siete departamentos, sobresaliendo Sonsonate (12) y La Libertad (11). Los sitios con más varamientos de cetáceos fueron el Área Natural Protegida Los Cóbanos (cinco) y playa San Diego (cuatro). La mayor cantidad de varamientos sucedieron en 2012 (ocho), 2013 (siete) y 2014 (siete). Los cetáceos varados presentaron laceraciones/golpes (13, 26 %), y enfermedad desconocida (seis, 12 %).
Primer reporte de Chryseobacterium indologenes en costas salvadoreñas
Authors: Montes Cardona Gabriela Sofía , Mátal Gómez Vivian Leticia , Segovia de González Johanna Vanessa
Published: August 2021

Se informa el primer registro de Chryseobacterium indologenes en el agua circundante de la zona arrecifal del Área Natural Protegida (ANP) Complejo Los Cóbanos. La identificación se llevó a cabo mediante ensayo API 20 NE y con el empleo del software de identificación bacteriana APIWEB (bioMérieux).
Murciélagos insectívoros (Mammalia: Chiroptera) en bosque de mangle y bosque ripario en Golfito, Costa Rica
Authors: Girón-Galván Luis , Rodríguez Melissa
Published: August 2021

Se comparó la riqueza y actividad acústica de los murciélagos insectívoros entre bosque de manglar y bosque ripario en Golfito, Costa Rica. Adicionalmente se evaluó si las especies de murciélagos registrados presentaban o no fobia lunar. Para ello se muestrearon cinco sitios por tipo de bosque por una noche. Se obtuvieron 1470 pases acústicos (923 en manglar y 547 en ripario), de 23 especies de murciélagos insectívoros (21 en manglar y 15 en bosque ripario). Se encontró una leve diferencia significativa en la riqueza pero no en la actividad de murciélagos insectívoros entre tipos de bosque. Para el porcentaje de luna no existe una relación clara entre la riqueza ni la actividad, lo que indica que estas especies no presentaban fobia lunar durante el período de estudio. El ecosistema de manglar y bosque ripario, son importantes para la riqueza y forrajeo de las especies de murciélagos insectívoros.
Trait-QTL-heritability of grain yield and other agronomic traits under low nitrogen conditions in bi-parental maize populations
Authors: Collins Kimutai  , Manje Gowda  , Oliver Kiplagat
Published: August 2021

Limited or low Nitrogen is a wanting abiotic stress in maize mainly in Sub-Sahara Africa, affecting yields and quality development of maize crop. As an approach to getting a breeding solution; mapping of QTLs and understanding the heritability factor can provide useful information and guide for breeders in developing low nitrogen resilient maize. QTL mapping which is a molecular breeding component forms an actual basis in estimation of genomic regions associated to the expression of quantitative traits, and how heritable are such traits. Conducting a selection for Low N-tolerance is challenging due to its complex nature with strong interaction between genotypes and environments; therefore, marker assisted breeding is key to improving such complex traits, but at the same time requires markers associated with the trait of interest. In this study, three bi-parental populations were subjected to either or both low and optimum N conditions to detect and determine the QTLs heritability for grain yield and other agronomic traits. Essential to the study; genotype by environmental interaction, significance and heritability was examined for each population with most traits expressing low (<0.2) and moderate to high heritabilities (0.3>). These QTLs with high heritabilities across environments will be of great value for rapid introgression into maize populations using marker assisted selection approach. The study was a preliminary and therefore require further validation on heritability and fine mapping for them to be useful in MAS.
FinTech y BigTech: barreras a la entrada y a la innovación. Estado de situación en América Latina
Authors: Greco Esteban , Viecens Fernanda
Published: August 2021

El sector financiero a nivel global se encuentra inmerso en un proceso de transformación, motivado por la incorporación de tecnologías digitales e innovaciones disruptivas que se manifiestan en nuevos productos, jugadores y modelos de negocio. Este escenario ha obligado a los bancos –actores tradicionales– a replantear sus estrategias competitivas y a las autoridades regulatorias a revisar el enfoque con el que fueron concebidas las normas preexistentes. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar barreras que pudieran estar actuando como límites al desarrollo de la innovación en el sector financiero en América Latina y a la entrada de nuevos actores con potencial para generar inclusión financiera. Se documentan y analizan medidas e intervenciones que han llevado a cabo diversas agencias de competencia de la región en años recientes, en muchos casos motivadas por las demandas que impone la innovación tecnológica, por denuncias de jugadores entrantes o por investigaciones abiertas de oficio.
Finding different learning methods of chemistry department students, education faculty of Jawzjan University
Authors: Adil Ghulam Nabi , Neda Muhammad Hussain , Dahi Zaynab
Published: August 2021

This research has been titled (Finding different learning methods of chemistry department students, education faculty of Jawzjan University). The overall aim of this study is to evaluate different styles of student’s learning in chemistry department and to find the most common used methods of learning as well. The importance of this study is the novelty of the topic which has not been investigated so far. This paper also focuses on the challenges and problems that students face in different ways of learning in chemistry department of education faculty. Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used in this research and the questionnaire has been used for the data collection. In expressing the issue about the importance of learning, learning from the perspective of scientists, problems and challenges in lack of learning, the consequences of lack of learning by students in higher education institutes, schools, family, the individual and the entire community are discussed. In the theoretical part of this research, theories of behaviorism (Thorndike’s neural connection theory, contingent reflection theory, factor conditional theory), and cognitive theories (Gestalt theory, Bandura's social learning, Davit-ausubel's meaningful verbal discovery theory) has been used. In addition, in theoretical framework of this research, Thorndike's neural communication theories, Bandura's social learning, Bruner exploration learning, David-Ausubel's verbal meaningful learning have been applied. The results of this study revealed that most of the students in chemistry department of education faculty at Jawzjan University are not aware of learning methods, while only 14.02% of students are familiar with the methods of learning. To achieve accurate results the hypothesis (students' learning methods are supposed to vary widely) are very clearly analyzed.
Content analysis of chemistry book of eleventh school grade, from an application point of view: A case study at Professor Rasool Amin School in Kabul province
Authors: Rahimi Humapar Azhar , Afghan Omid , Dadwar Angeela , Nori Valentina , Mahaly Mahmood , Eftkhar Hamasa
Published: August 2021

In this research, the application of eleventh grade chemistry book content on the daily life of students at professor Rasoon Amin school in kabul provinces has been studied. The application has been evaluatyed at two levels of social and individual bases. The research was based on the active components of William Roman's theory and the context-based approach, which based on this theory, the practical content of the book, encourages students to use it in their daily lives. The results of this study showed that the practical content of the 11th grade chemistry in daily life has confirmed to maintain the health of students with more than 80% of their answers. Recognition of natural resources using chemistry content is more than 80% in students and they feel responsibility about 80% in their lives. In addition, more than 80% of students have taken benefits of chemistry content. On the other hand, the study made it clear that whenever the subject is taught empirically and practically and the students' attention is drawn to practical activities, it can be used in all aspects of everyday’s life.
Evaluation of nitrogen (Urea) on Zea mays L. under Balkh province climate
Authors: Habibi Nasratullah , Sikandari Friba
Published: August 2021

An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of urea fertilizer on yield and yield components of Zea mays L. Using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) split plots in three replications in agricultural research farm of Balkh University by 2019. Doses of urea used in this experiment were 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha-1 , respectively. It has been found that amount of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) had significant effect on yield of maize at p<0.05. The higher level of nitrogen caused the higher grain yield, number of kernels per ear, the number of grains per ear row, ear diameter, cob length, grain per plant and plant height. As a result 7.76 ton ha-1 was recorded as high yield while 240 kg ha-1 urea was used, and 5.12 ton ha-1 was recorded as low yield in treatment one with 0 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer. Finally, as a result using 240 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer is recommended.
Most common poisonous plants of Afghanistan and its related clinical signs in domestic animals
Authors: Tawfeeq Mohammad Monir , Zabuli Jahid , Rahmati Shahpoor
Published: August 2021

Afghanistan is a landlocked country, having high mountains and high percentage (46%) of permanent pastures. Many types of plants including different species of poisonous grow in the country. Many species of wild and domestic animals have free access to these poisonous plants. In developed countries, poisoning is counted as one of the most important problem for animals, but in Afghanistan it is remained among inconsiderable illness as compared to infectious or metabolic diseases. Yearly, several outbreaks of unknown diseases occur in those areas which are rich of poisonous plants and cause serious economic consequences and human health concerns. The effects of poisonous plants on animals in Afghanistan and its common clinical signs have been remained unrecognized. In this review, we investigate the most common poisonous plants to animals present in Afghanistan and its related clinical signs for early diagnosis of plant poisoning in domestic animals. This review will help readers to distinguish poisonous plants, toxic parts, poisoning signs and the areas where they grow.
Outbreak, transmission and infection of the new coronavirus in 2019
Authors: Akbari Sweeta , Yosufzai Ahmad Zia , Abdul-Ghafar Jamshid
Published: August 2021

The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious and pathogenic viral infection that first appeared in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019. The rapid spread of the virus around the world among humans is still going on. Genomic analysis has shown that the virus is 96% identical to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus. The transmission of the virus from the origin to humans is not known yet, but its rapid transmission from human to human has been widely confirmed. The virus increases the risk of mortality in people with a history of heart disease, diabetes, kidney problems and high blood pressure. Researchers found that the mortality rate is higher in men than women and elderly male patients above 60 are also at high risk. To date, no effective and approved antiviral medicine or vaccine is available for use against COVID-19. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that humans should protect themselves and prevent the spread of the virus by taking personal hygiene, keeping a distance from people infected with the virus, and even quarantine. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the issues and necessary points for people to identify and deal effectively with the novel coronavirus and to provide a reference for future studies on coronaviruses.
Chilling requirement evaluation of the Abjosh cultivar (Vitis vinifera) in Afghanistan
Authors: Safdary Ali Jawed , Ahamdi Ahmad Jawid , Habibi Nasratullah , Sadiq Gul Agha
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted to determine the chilling requirement of the Abjosh grape (local cultivar). The experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The grape cuttings were treated at 5°C for (0, 100, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, and 500 hrs) as chilling treatments at Samangan Higher Education Institute in the autumn of 2018. The traits such as the percentage of bud breaking, number of days to the first bud breakage, number of days to 50% of bud breaking, and number of days to the last bud breaking were measured. The results showed that the percentage of bud breaking increased significantly, as the chilling hrs (hours) increased. By the increasing of cold duration, the percentage of bud breaking in 500 hrs increased to 80% whereas, number of days to the first bud breaking, 50% of bud breaking and the number of days to the last bud breaking were decreased to 13, 14, and 16 days, respectively. Though, there were no significant differences between the 400 and 500 cold hrs in all indicators. The findings revealed that at least 300 hrs of cold duration is essential to reach an acceptable percentage of bud breaks, but further elaboration is needed.
Determining and detection of chemical and mineral composition of gypsum obtained from Karkar-Doodkas, Baghlan province
Authors: Aimaq Mohammad Bashir , Salehy Saleh Mohammad
Published: August 2021

A library and laboratory research experiment was conducted in 2020 on determination and detection of mineralic and chemical appearances of mineralic gypsum in Karkar and Doodkash of Baghlan Province to determine the amount of gypsum minerals in the stones of the areas, detect the composition of gypsum stones and evaluate the importance of gypsum stone in Baghlan Province. The laboratory results indicated that the percentage of mineralic gypsum in composition of mineralic appearances of gypsum stone in Karkar and Doodkash were 95 percent. Despite the slight presence of some other minerals like Sylvine and Iron minerals in composition of the gypsum stone in both the locations were possible. The analyzed laboratory results by XRF machine revealed that besides of the mentioned elements in composition of mineralic appearances of gypsum stone, the elements such as silicon, iron, potassium, chlorine and aluminum were also present in different percentages. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mineralic appearances of gypsum stones in Karkar and Doodkash are the most important gypsum stone in Baghlan province and it can be used for production of constructional gypsum, Ghori Cement Factory and other similar uses.
Effectiveness of quality of life therapy on subjective well-being of Afghan women
Authors: Ahmadi Sayed Jafar , Spozhmay  , Ayubi Bezhan , Musavi Zainab
Published: August 2021

Afghanistan experiencing more than four decades of war and violence, which has caused a lot of adversity to all specially women and affected their quality of life. This research conducted with aim of studying effectiveness of quality of life therapy on subjective wellbeing of Afghan women. It was quasi-experimental study with experimental, control groups and follow-up stage. Simple random sampling method used, therefore at first stage 200 copies of positive and negative affects questionnaire distributed among female students at Kabul University and Shaheed Rabbani Education University of Kabul city. 40 participants who had obtained scores that are more negative were invited for this study. In the second stage, 40 participants assessed through Ryff Subjective wellbeing questionnaire and then they divided to research and control groups. Finally, out of 40 participants, 28 of them participated in two groups (16 participants per group). Then the experimental group received 6-session intervention according to quality of life therapy (QOLT) package and control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the sessions, posttest performed for both groups. In order to understand the consistency level of treatment, after 2 months the groups assessed with Ryff’s subjective wellbeing questionnaire. SPSS version 25 used for data analysis. The results show quality of life therapy have increased the subjective wellbeing of research group’s subjects in both stages (P>0.05). Based on findings it has argued that using this therapeutic package enhances subjective wellbeing and could prevent many mental health disorders.
Assessing the role of media in crisis management in Afghanistan: A case study of crisis caused by coronavirus outbreak
Authors: Eftikhari Muhammad Ragheb
Published: August 2021

This study evaluated the relationship between media use and citizens' awareness of coronavirus. The method of this research was quantitative-survey, and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The sample size was 383 people and determined using the Cochran's formula. The questionnaire was distributed online and conducted within 30 days from the 3 rd April to the 3 rd May of 2020. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study was Facebook users. In the present study, the independent variable was media use and the dependent variable was the level of public awareness in three dimensions; awareness, speed of information and fading of traditional beliefs have been measured. Findings showed that the media, especially Facebook, due to the characteristics of availability, decentralization, time and frequency, as well as the role of awareness and information in crisis control and management has been impressed in Afghanistan. Based on the results, the first and second hypotheses of the research that there is a relationship between access to media and high level of awareness as well as the relationship between access to media and increasing the speed of information are confirmed, but the third hypothesis due to the low intensity of the relationship between its variables was somewhat ruled out.
Evaluation of solar radiation for the use of photovoltaic panels in Afghanistan
Authors: Hossini Najibullah
Published: August 2021

Solar energy is an integral part of living things on Earth, man uses this huge source of energy for various purposes. The sun is very active and is a lingering source of energy for the present and potential for the future. The energy received on the surface of the earth in one year is about 10,000 times the energy consumption of the total population of the world. The use of sunlight in the form of light and heat has been common since ancient times and human beings from the effect of thought and exploration to meet their needs, using the power of reason and experience they have also achieved innovations, innovations and inventions. Using photovoltaic (PV) panels to generate solar power in the world, from 2005 to 2015, it has increased from 5.1 GW to 227 GW. The highest amount of solar energy available at noon on summer days, it is approximately equal to 1 KW/m2 , but in most parts of the world this figure is around 200 W/m2 on average. The amount of solar radiation energy in Afghanistan, in June, when the angle of the sun shines at a latitude of 23.5° above the earth, the amount of radiant energy in the southernmost areas of Afghanistan (29.5°), at sunny noon, is equal to 43.70 MJ/m2 and in December at this width the country will be equal to (19.85 MJ/m2 . Afghanistan, with its adequate areas and suitable radiation norm (700W/m2 ), has a production capacity of 13548700 MW of electricity.
Milk and marketing of dairy productions in Samangan province: A case study in districts of Khuram-Sarbagh, Feroz-Nakhchir, and center of Samangan (Aybak), Afghanistan
Authors: Mukhtar Abdul Hadi , Ashkar Sayed Batin , Azizi Benazir
Published: August 2021

In this study the status of milk and dairy production marketing in Samangan province is explained. Locking of ranchers accessing to a respondent dairy production market is the main problem focused herein. In Afghanistan illiteracy, traditional customs dominance and low economy level are the major gaps somewhat nationally remained unresolved among most of ranchers. The main objective of this study is assessing the dairy productions market situation to empower the economy level of farmers. A complex method was applied in this study including observation, interview, and questionnaire. Totally 117 questionnaires were handled. Results of analyzed collected data clarify that 90% of ranchers were illiterate, dairy cattle keeping is more than other milky animals because of its lower needs to silage and land. It has been concluded that farmers of Samangan province have adequate experience of keeping and nourishing the domestic animals in order to get a noticeable income. For getting the highest income and having modernized dairy production activities, from the viewpoint of authors, gradually researches accommodating are recommended and this research findings and conclusions will contribute better designing of the future research.
Comparison of petrographic characteristics and chemical composition of Poz-eWazirabad and Qachandara limestone mine of Samangan province
Authors: Sakaye Abdul Qawi
Published: August 2021

limestone is one of the sedimentary rocks and one of the most extended materials of this group which is widely used for production of cement, glasswork industries, tile making and heat resistance. Therefore, a research experiment was conducted in 2020 at of Poz-E- Wazirabad and Qachandara of Samangan province in Afghanistan to compare the similarity and the differences of petrographic characteristics and chemical composition of limestone in both mines. The samples were taken from both the mines for spectrometric analyses at directorate of laboratories of ministry of mining. Besides, the slides were prepared from these samples and the mineral composition, structure and texture characteristics were studied under petrographic microscope in laboratory of Geology and Mines of Kabul Polytechnic University. The main objectives of this study were to know the similarities and differences in petrographic characteristics and chemical composition of both mines, which in case of more similarities and favorability of Qachandara limestone mine; it would be suggested as a good source for establishment of a cement factory and other dependent industries on limestone in this province. The results indicated a lot of similarities with minor differences in both the mines. The minor differences were the amount of calcium oxides which was 52.54% in Poz-E-Wazirabad which was reduced in Qachandara mine to 47.81%. The magnesium content of Qachandara limestone was about 4% richer than Poz-E-Wazirabad limestone mine. The Poz-E-Wazirabad limestone was white in color while the Qachandara limestone color was gray to black, which shows the existence of organic matter in composition of this mine. The structure of limestone in Wazirabad mine was biomorphic but the limestone structure in Qachandara mine was oolitic.
Reseña sobre Ricardo Laleff Ilieff. Lo político y la derrota: Un contrapunto entre Antonio Gramsci y Carl Schmitt. Madrid: Guillermo Escolar Editor (2020)
Authors: Montes Pastor Iván Nicolás
Published: August 2021

Ricardo Laleff es un intelectual argentino volcado al estudio de la teoría política y social. Por su amplio recorrido en la producción de conocimiento, era de esperarse que su reciente libro haga honor a su orientación dentro de los estudios de ciencia política. A lo largo de su obra, la pluma del autor pone en evidencia sus innegables capacidades intelectuales para estudiar de manera rigurosa a dos grandes pensadores acerca de lo político.
¿Proust filósofo? La Recherche como filosofía de lo sensible
Authors: Buceta Martín
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo identificar en la novela proustiana una dimensión filosófica que permita considerar a Marcel Proust un escritor-filósofo y a la Recherche, una filosofía de lo sensible. Para ello, primero, se buscará identificar en Proust ciertas características presentes en su novela y en su correspondencia que permitan considerarlo un filósofo y, a partir de un abordaje propiciado por la fenomenología de Merleau-Ponty, delimitar ciertos aspectos de la Recherche que invitan a erigirla como modelo de una obra donde puede identificarse una filosofía de lo sensible comprendida como literatura. En segundo lugar, se analizará un pasaje de la novela referido a Albertine, en el cual se advierte una idea sensible expresada mediante la literatura. Por último, se esbozarán ciertas líneas de investigación abiertas a partir de la reflexión precedente.
Proust transatlántico: Una lectura compartida de La Recherche por españoles e hispanoamericanos
Authors: Craig Herbert E.
Published: August 2021

Desde 1920 hasta ahora ha existido una relación transatlántica entre España e Hispanoamérica con respecto a la gran novela francesa de Marcel Proust. Se descubrió la Recherche a fines de 1919 con el anuncio del Premio Goncourt. Desde entonces gran cantidad de autores franceses y españoles comenzaron a publicar artículos sobre la obra proustiana en sus países de origen y eventualmente a enviarlos más allá del océano Atlántico. Muy pronto la crítica hispanoamericana también incursionó en la lectura de la Recherche y escribió textos que algunos autores españoles pudieron consultar con el tiempo. A través de traducciones, artículos y hasta libros enteros compartieron sus ideas y conocimientos de la obra proustiana con otros ensayistas de lengua española. El siguiente estudio es un intento de mostrar de qué manera una parte de la crítica literaria española, argentina, chilena, venezolana, mexicana, etcétera, elaboró un entramado crítico de textos sobre Proust que se leyó asiduamente de un lado al otro del Atlántico.