bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of femoral varus on complications and outcome associated with corrective surgery for medial patellar luxation
Authors: Adams Robert , Andrews Shane , Tewson Charlie , Bruce Mieghan , Perry Karen
Published: June 2017

Objectives: To evaluate the association of femoral varus with postoperative complications and outcome following standard corrective surgery for medial patellar luxation (MPL) without distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) in dogs.

Methods: In a retrospective study spanning a 12 year period, 87 stifles with MPL that were treated by standard surgical techniques were included. Inclination angle (ICA), femoral varus angle (FVA), anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) were measured. Postoperative complications were noted and outcome evaluated. Associations between potential risk factors and both complication rate and outcome were assessed.

Results: Postoperative complications occurred in 19 stifles, five of which were major. There was no evidence of an association between FVA (p = 0.41) or aLDFA (p = 0.38) and any complication. There was also no evidence of an association between FVA (p = 0.31) or aLDFA (p = 0.38) and any major complication. Dogs with a larger aLDFA had increased odds of a poorer outcome (p = 0.01) as did dogs that suffered a major complication (p = 0.0001).

Clinical significance: Based on radiographic measurements, there is no evidence of an association between FVA and the incidence of postoperative complications following standard MPL correction. Traditional surgical techniques appear to be appropriate for most cases of MPL and further work is required to better define selection criteria for including DFO in the treatment of these cases.
GC-1: A Thyromimetic With Multiple Therapeutic Applications in Liver Disease
Authors: Columbano Amedeo , Chiellini Grazia , Kowalik Marta Anna
Published: June 2017

Thyroid hormones (THs), namely, 3,5,3′-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) and 3,5,3′,5′-tetraiodo-l-thyronine (thyroxine or T4), influence a variety of physiological processes that have important implications in fetal development, metabolism, cell growth, and proliferation.
While THs elicit several beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and improve myocardial contractility, these therapeutically desirable effects are associated to a thyrotoxic state that severely limits the possible use of THs as therapeutic agents. Therefore, several efforts have been made to
develop T3 analogs that could retain the beneficial actions (triglyceride, cholesterol, obesity, and body mass lowering) without the adverse TH-dependent side effects. This goal was achieved by the synthesis of TRβ-selective agonists. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge
on the effects of one of the best characterized TH analogs, the TRβ1-selective thyromimetic, GC-1. In particular, we review some of the effects of GC-1 on different liver disorders, with reference to its possible clinical application. A brief comment on the possible therapeutic use of
GC-1 in extrahepatic disorders is also included.
Protocol for the ostomized person in the trans-hospital and outpatient period: Integrative Review
Authors: Lima Stella Godoy Silva , Dell'Acqua Magda Cristina Queiroz , Spagnuolo Regina Stella , Palhares Valéria De Castilho , Bocchi Silvia Cristina Mangini
Published: June 2017

Objective: To review the literature about the application of the evidence-based protocol concept for clinical assessment and interventions in nursing consultation to ostomized people.

Method: integrative review to increase the knowledge about stomata. A search was made in the databases BIREME, CINAHL, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and PUBMED with descriptors Ostomy OR Colostomy OR Colonic Pouches OR Surgical Stomata OR Colorectal Neoplasms OR Colorectal Cancer AND Protocols. It was selected 21 articles in the period of 2011-2015.

Results: The articles were systematized into five categories: quality of life, nursing assistance, protocols, complications and surgery. The categories are complementary and demonstrate a work carried out by a multiprofessional team.

Conclusion: the themes analysis made it possible to identify the need for expansion in research that addresses specific aspects such as teaching strategies in the levels of assistance in the trans-operative, postoperative and in the outpatient phase in nursing consultations.
A review of the Cercyon Leach (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Sphaeridiinae) of the Greater Antilles
Authors: Arriaga-Varela Emmanuel , Seidel Matthias , Deler-Hernández Albert , Senderov Viktor , Fikácek Martin
Published: June 2017

The representatives of the genusCercyonLeach occurring in the Greater Antilles are reviewed. Ten species are recorded, of which five are described here as new:C. gimmelisp. n.(Dominican Republic),C. armatipenissp. n.(Dominican Republic),C. tainosp. n.(Dominican Republic),C. sklodowskaesp. n.(Jamaica) andC. spiniventrissp. n.(Dominican Republic). Diagnoses and detailed distributional data are also provided forC. floridanusHorn, 1890 (distributed in southeastern United States of America and Cayman Islands),C. insularisChevrolat, 1863 (endemic to the Antilles)C. praetextatus(Say, 1825) (widely distributed in the New World incl. Greater Antilles),C. quisquilius(Linnaeus, 1761) (an adventive species of Paleartic origin) andC. nigriceps(Marshall, 1802) (an adventive species probably of Oriental origin).Cercyon armatipenis, C. gimmeli, C. tainoform a group of closely related species only distinguishable by male genitalia and DNA sequences. A key to the Great AntilleanCercyonis provided and important diagnostic characters are illustrated. The larvae ofC. insularisandC. tainowere associated with adults using COI barcode sequences, illustrated and diagnosed. Full occurrence data, additional images and COI barcode sequences were submitted to open access on-line depositories in an effort to provide access to complete data.
Écrire l'histoire des femmes et du genre
Authors: Thébaud Françoise
Published: June 2017

Les femmes ont-elles une histoire et comment l'écrire ? Qu'est-ce qu'une histoire du genre et quels sont ses apports ?

Bribes d'une thèse d'histoire culturelle, échappées d'ego-histoire, manifeste de défense et illustration d'un champ de recherche, Écrire l'histoire des femmes et du genre est d'abord le récit d'une aventure intellectuelle qui mobilise depuis plus de trois décennies un nombre croissant d'historiens et d'historiennes, en France comme à l'étranger.

À partir d'exemples pris essentiellement en histoire contemporaine, cet ouvrage tente de faire comprendre les origines culturelles et politiques d'une histoire des femmes avant d'en présenter les développements – d'une histoire au féminin soucieuse d'émancipation et de remémoration à une histoire du genre, plus complexe et plus globalisante. Ce faisant, il pose des repères méthodologiques et propose une lecture critique de l'historiographie française, afin de jeter les bases d'une mémoire disciplinaire, d'alimenter un débat sur les modes d'approches et les axes de recherche, de susciter une confrontation fructueuse avec les historiographies étrangères.

Réédition largement complétée d’Écrire l’histoire des femmes publié en 1998, cet ouvrage offre aux lecteurs d’aujourd’hui une vue panoramique d’un des laboratoires les plus fascinants de la discipline historique.
Os rios e pântanos nas primeiras representações cartográficas da vila Campos dos Goitacazes: imaginação geográfica e disputas de poder (final do século XVIII até começos do XIX)
Authors: Chrysostomo Maria Isabel de Jesus
Published: June 2017

Este artigo analisa o papel das produções cartográficas na invenção de um território, formado no ponto de articulação entre a natureza e cultura. Averiguaremos tal aspecto a partir da leitura de dois mapas e duas plantas produzidos entre os séculos XVIII e XIX na cidade-região de Campos dos Goitacazes-RJ. Fruto do movimento de interiorização da colônia, tais representações indicam diferentes etapas do processo de conquista e apropriação da planície outrora habitada pelos silvícolas da nação Goitacá. Ao associar o projeto territorial que deu nascimento a esses mapas, intentamos discutir como tais “instrumentos técnicos” serviram para dilatar o poder da Coroa e dominar as duas naturezas: a dos considerados selvagens e a dos pântanos e lagoas que caracterizam a região.
A produção do pensamento geográfico no Brasil nos livros enviados para Exposição Universal de Chicago, EUA
Authors: Assis Raimundo Jucier Sousa de
Published: June 2017

Este artigo trata da produção do pensamento geográfico no Brasil tendo como enfoque os livros escritos sobre os territórios de São Paulo, do Pará, da Bahia e do Ceará para a exposição universal de Chicago que ocorreu em 1893. A partir dessas fontes de pesquisa compreendemos os livros e seus escritores como um conjunto investigativo capaz de revelar e ampliar os títulos que nos ajudam a contar a história do pensamento geográfico no Brasil e, concomitantemente, os novos conhecimentos sobre a imagem construída do território do Brasil para o exterior.
Role of Anatomical Landmarks in Identifying Normal and Transitional Vertebra in Lumbar Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Jagannathan Devimeenal , Indiran Venkatraman , Hithaya Fouzal , Alamelu M. , Padmanaban S.
Published: June 2017

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Purpose

Identification of transitional vertebra is important in spine imaging, especially in presurgical planning. Pasted images of the whole spine obtained using high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are helpful in counting vertebrae and identifying transitional vertebrae. Counting vertebrae and identifying transitional vertebrae is challenging in isolated studies of lumbar spine and in studies conducted in low-field MRI. An incorrect evaluation may lead to wrong-level treatment. Here, we identify the location of different anatomical structures that can help in counting and identifying vertebrae.

Overview of Literature

Many studies have assessed the vertebral segments using various anatomical structures such as costal facets (CF), aortic bifurcation (AB), inferior vena cava confluence (IC), right renal artery (RRA), celiac trunk (CT), superior mesenteric artery root (SR), iliolumbar ligament (ILL) psoas muscle (PM) origin, and conus medullaris. However, none have yielded any consistent results.

Methods

We studied the locations of the anatomical structures CF, AB, IC, RRA, CT, SR, ILL, and PM in patients who underwent whole spine MRI at our department.

Results

In our study, 81.4% patients had normal spinal segmentation, 14.7% had sacralization, and 3.8% had lumbarization. Vascular landmarks had variable origin. There were caudal and cranial shifts with respect to lumbarization and sacralization. In 93.8% of cases in the normal group, ILL emerged from either L5 alone or the adjacent disc. In the sacralization group, ILL was commonly seen in L5. In the lumbarization group, ILL emerged from L5 and the adjacent disc (66.6%). CFs were identified at D12 in 96.9% and 91.7% of patients in the normal and lumbarization groups, respectively. The PM origin was observed from D12 or D12–L1 in most patients in the normal and sacralization groups.

Conclusions

CF, PM, and ILL were good identification markers for D12 and L5, but none were 100% accurate.
Facture of the Pars Interarticularis with or without Spondylolisthesis in an Adult Population in a Developing Country: Evaluation by Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Khan Sohail Ahmed , Sattar Amjad , Khanzada Usman , Adel Hatem , Adil Syed Omair , Hussain Munawar
Published: June 2017

Study Design

Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Purpose

To determine the prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in a general adult population unrelated to lower back pain as evaluated by multidetector computed tomography.

Overview of Literature

There is a significant paucity of information related to the prevalence of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and its degenerative changes in a general adult population unrelated to lower back pain in developing countries.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans performed between January 1st 2015 and December 31st 2015 for various clinical indications. Patients with lower back pain, with a history of trauma or road traffic accident, or referred from orthopedic or neurosurgery departments were excluded to avoid any bias. CT scans were reviewed in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes using bone window settings for evaluating spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.

Results

Of 4,348 patients recruited, spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis were identified in 266 (6.1%) and 142 (3.3%) patients, respectively. Age was significantly higher in both spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis patients than in those without spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis (47.19±15.45 vs. 42.5±15.96, p<0.001 and 53.01±15.31 vs. 42.44±15.88, p<0.001, respectively). Gender was significantly associated with spondylolisthesis (p=0.029) but not spondylolysis. Of patients who were >60 years old, both spondylolysis (p=0.018) and spondylolisthesis (p=0.025) were significantly more prevalent in females.

Conclusions

The prevalence of pars interarticularis fracture observed higher with gradual increase in the prevalence with advancing age. In particular, preponderance was significantly higher among older females.
Correlation among Inflammatory Cytokine Expression Levels, Degree of Disk Degeneration, and Predominant Clinical Symptoms in Patients with Degenerated Intervertebral Discs
Authors: Sainoh Takeshi , Inage Kazuhide , Orita Sumihisa , Koda Masao , Furuya Takeo , Yamauchi Kazuyo , Suzuki Miyako , Sakuma Yoshihiro , Kubota Go , Oikawa Yasuhiro , Sato Jun , Fujimoto Kazuki , Shiga Yasuhiro , Abe Koki , Kanamoto Hirohito , Inoue Masahiro , Kinoshita Hideyuki , Norimoto Masaki , Umimura Tomotaka , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Ohtori Seiji
Published: June 2017

Study Design

Observational study.

Purpose

To assess the correlation among inflammatory cytokine expression levels, degree of intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration, and predominant clinical symptoms observed in degenerative disk disease (DDD).

Overview of Literature

Low back pain (LBP) is associated with inflammatory cytokine expression levels, including those of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nerve growth factor (NGF). However, the association between cytokine expression levels and the physiological mechanisms of disk degeneration and clinical pain remain controversial.

Methods

Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, TNF-α, IL-6, and NGF expression levels were analyzed in 58 IVD samples that were harvested from patients with lumbar DDD. Patient samples were grouped according to the degree of IVD degeneration using the Pfirrmann grading system and magnetic resonance imaging, and the correlations between the disease groups and each cytokine expression level were assessed. In addition, on the basis of their predominant preoperative symptoms, the patients were assigned to either an LBP or leg pain group to determine the correlation among these disease manifestations and individual cytokine expression levels.

Results

A gradual increase in TNF-α (R=0.391) and IL-6 (R=0.388) expression levels correlated with the degree of IVD degeneration, whereas NGF (R=0.164) expression levels exhibited a minimal decrease with disease progression. Regarding the predominant clinical manifestation, only the LBP group exhibited a significant increase in TNF-α expression levels (p=0.002).

Conclusions

These results suggested that TNF-α and IL-6 play an important role in the pathophysiology of IVD degeneration at any stage, whereas NGF plays an important role during the early disease stages. Moreover, because TNF-α expression levels were significantly high in the LBP group, we propose that they are involved in LBP onset or progression.
On 16th and 32th Order Multioperators-Based Schemes for Smooth and Discontinuous Fluid Dynamics Solutions
Authors: Tolstykh Andrei I.
Published: June 2017

The paper presents a novel family of arbitrary high order multioperators approximations for convection, convection-diffusion or the fluid dynamics equations. As particular cases, the 16th- and 32th-order skew-symmetric multioperators for derivatives supplied by the 15th- and 31th-order dissipation multioperators are described. Their spectral properties and the comparative efficiency of the related schemes in the case of smooth solutions are outlined. The ability of the constructed conservative schemes to deal with discontinuous solutions is investigated. Several types of nonlinear hybrid schemes are suggested and tested against benchmark problems.
The Planning and Implementation of Computer-based Games for Project Risk Management Education: A Preliminary Case Study
Authors: Baccarini David , Xia Jianhong , Caulfield G
Published: June 2017

This paper reports the preliminary stages of an action research project for the design, development and assessment of a computer-based game for student learning about project risk management. A computer game was created through the use of systems dynamic software (Simsoft) incorporating a land development project. The game was played by final year undergraduate construction management students who had to make decisions in identifying, assessing and managing project risks. A survey of their experience found: that most students had not experienced this form of online educational game previously in their studies despite the ubiquity of information technology for learning purposes in the university sector; there was no strong support for the idea that the acquisition of knowledge was better compared to conventional learning through lectures and books; the computer-based experience was enjoyable thus indicating it drew them into the learning environment; and student testing found they had gained understanding of the project risk management process.
A Study of Joint Venture Formation between Construction Organizations in Tanzania
Authors: Minja Steven , Kikwasi Geraldine , Thwala Wellington
Published: June 2017

Formation of joint ventures between construction companies is one of the recent efforts in combating contractors problems in Tanzania and addresses one of the key challenges facing the construction industry today in the country especially when large and complex projects are involved. The main objective of the research is to examine the formation of joint ventures in Tanzania, specifically to: study joint ventures formation procedures; identify criteria in selection of joint venture partner; and identify risks associated with and challenges facing joint venture undertakings in Tanzania. The study adopted a descriptive research design and purposive sampling. Multiple sources of evidence was used to collect information mainly literature review, questionnaires and interviews. Key findings reveal that legal and statutory requirements in the formation of joint ventures include registration by Business Registration and Licensing Agency (BRELA), Contractors Registration Board (CRB) and under Registration of Documents Act (RDA). All JV respondents were registered by BRELA and CRB which are mandatory but only 7 were registered by RDA. Most important factors considered during formation of JVs are: contract agreement, financial stability and commitment while key risks associated with JVs are cultural and social differences, delays in approvals and financial risks. In addition, main challenges facing joint ventures are: identification of possible risks and joint venture agreement interpretation. The study concludes that formation of JVs have been addressing some of emerging challenges facing local construction organizations despite the risks and challenges that exist. The study recommends that firms entering joint ventures should explore the benefits of registering with RDA and ensure risks associated with their JV are properly assessed. The study also recommends introduction of an incentive scheme through Tanzania Investment Centre to grant tax relief for foreign contractors going into joint venture with local construction firms.
Towards the Integration of Risk and Value Management
Authors: Ranesh A , Zillante G , Chileshe N
Published: June 2017

Governments are increasingly faced with the challenge of delivering infrastructure developments under difficult budget constraints. Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are being used widely as a means of meeting public infrastructure demands through private finance. The aim is to achieve value for money (VfM) through the allocation of risks to the party who can manage them more effectively. If project risks are not well managed, the project will face cost, quality and time overruns thereby affecting the viability of the project. Both Risk Management (RM) and Value Management (VM) are considered to be best practice in project management and enable organisations to define objectives when delivering complex projects whilst reducing risk and maximising value. Over the years researchers and practitioners have argued that the integration of RM and VM in a single study would avoid duplication of work and deliver better value for money thereby leading to better project outcomes. As part of an on-going doctoral study into the integration of risk management and value management in PPP projects, this paper attempts to examine the application of risk and value management practice in infrastructure development projects, predominantly in PPP projects, through semi-structured interviews conducted as a qualitative research methodology with ten industry practitioners. To achieve this aim, this paper attempts to identify the similarities between the two processes along with the benefits and critical success factors for the integration of RM and VM in PPP projects. The results suggest that, although risk and value management activities are said to be used in projects; “formal” RM and VM studies are rarely undertaken. The observations to date suggest that, although there are barriers against the integration of VM and RM, there is a need for the development of a systematic process to enable the integration of risk and value management to occur.
Discrete-Event Simulation versus Constrained Graphic Modelling of Construction Processes
Authors: Flood Ian , Nowrouzian Valeh
Published: June 2017

Effective construction project planning and control requires the development of a model of the project’s construction processes.  The Critical Path Method (CPM) is the most popular project modelling method in construction since it is relatively simple to use and reasonably versatile in terms of the range of processes it can represent.  Several other modelling techniques have been developed over the years, each with their own advantages and disadvantages.  Linear scheduling, for example, has been designed to provide highly insightful visual representations of a construction process, but unfortunately is largely incapable of representing non-repetitive construction work.  Discrete-event simulation is generally agreed to be the most versatile of all modelling methods, but it lacks the simplicity in use of CPM and so has not been widely adopted in construction.  A new graphical constraint-based method of modelling construction processes, Foresight, has been developed with the goal of offering the simplicity in use of CPM, the visual insight of linear scheduling, and the versatility of simulation.  Earlier work has demonstrated the modelling versatility of Foresight.  As part of a continuing study, this paper focuses on a comparison of the Foresight approach with discrete-event construction simulation methods, specifically Stroboscope (a derivative of CYCLONE). Foresight is shown to outperform Stroboscope in terms of the simplicity of the resultant models for a series of case studies involving a number of variants of an earthmoving operation and of a sewer tunnelling operation.  A qualitative comparison of the two approaches also highlights the superior visual insight provided by Foresight over conventional simulation, an attribute essential to both the effective verification and optimization of a model.
Effective Project Scheduling Under Workspace Congestion and Workflow Disturbance Factors
Authors: Semenov Vitaly , Anichkin Anton , Morozov Sergey , Tarlapan Oleg , Zolotov Vladislav
Published: June 2017

Effective project management implies the use of advanced planning and scheduling methods that allow to determine feasible sequences of activities and to complete a project on time and on budget. Traditional scheduling tools like fundamental Critical Path Method (CPM) and various methods for Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) and Time Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (TCPSP) have many shortcomings for construction projects where spatial factor plays a critically important role. Previous attempts to interpret space as a specific resource were successful for particular problems of line-of-balance scheduling, space scheduling, dynamic layout planning, horizontal and vertical logic scheduling, workspace congestion mitigating, scheduling multiple projects with movable resources, spatial scheduling of repeated and grouped activities and motion planning. However, none of these methods considers the spatio-temporal requirements in a holistic framework of generic RCPSP problem and provides feasible results accounting for workspace and workflow factors. In this paper we start with the classical RCPSP statement and then present mathematically strong formalisation of the extended generalised problem, taking into account workspace congestion and workflow disturbance constraints specified in practically meaningful and computationally constructive ways. For the generalised RCPSP problem an effective scheduling method is proposed. The method tends to minimise the project makespan while satisfying timing constraints and precedence relations, not exceeding resource utilisation limits, avoiding workspace congestions and keeping workflows continuous. The method reuses so-called serial scheduling scheme and provides for additional computational routines and heuristic priority rules to generate feasible schedules satisfying all the imposed requirements. Advantages of the method and prospects for its application to industrial needs are outlined in the paper too.
Innovative Unit Delivery – The Supported Cloud
Authors: Chan Eric , Tivendale Linda , Liu Chunlu , Mills Anthony
Published: June 2017

Deakin University has recently moved to an academic calendar of three trimesters. This change aims to provide students with greater flexibility to plan their study around work or life commitments, create options for students to commence their degree and enable students to fast track their study. It has been found for students in the Bachelor of Construction Management that engagement and satisfaction during summer (Trimester 3) are less than when those same units are delivered during other trimesters. This research addresses the use of Supported Cloud learning to improve learning and the relationship with students. The School of Architecture and Built Environment used two units as case studies to examine different innovative unit delivery strategies that combined cloud and located learning. The research design included evaluation surveys, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews as well as reflection by participating teachers. The findings show that students’ results are improved when the cloud based learning is supported by well-developed resources, structured delivery and availability of some face-to-face contacts. This innovation will serve as a benchmark for Cloud delivery in the School in all trimesters. Keywords: Flexible Delivery, Construction Management Education, Cloud Learning, Located Learning
Innovate or Perish? Exploring some of the Myths of Construction Innovation
Authors: Loosemore Martin
Published: June 2017

The construction innovation literature suggests that managers face a stark choice. They can innovate or perish in the face of growing global competition and an increasingly uncertain and dynamic world. Innovation is presented as a key area of reform needed to raise business performance, yet at the same time it is argued that Australia is falling behind in the global innovation stakes. Evidence suggests that the Australian Construction sector is a poor innovation performer when compared to all-industry averages and contributes relatively little to the national innovation effort. Drawing on international innovation research, this paper argues that these views are overly simplistic and explores some of the myths that surround the process in the construction industry. Through interviews with some of Australia’s leading innovators and policy-makers it suggests that many of the factors that are said to drive innovation are not as straight forward as they may seem. There are important qualifications to consider and it would seem that construction innovation is a highly interactive and amorphous process, involving many people with multiple interests dealing with day-to-day challenges.Keywords: Innovation, opportunism, strategy, risk.
Metrics to quantify the importance of mixing state for CCN activity
Authors: Ching Joseph , Fast Jerome , West Matthew , Riemer Nicole
Published: June 2017

Abstract. It is commonly assumed that models are more prone to errors in predicted cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations when the aerosol populations are externally mixed. In this work we investigate this assumption by using the mixing state index (χ) proposed by Riemer and West (2013) to quantify the degree of external and internal mixing of aerosol populations. We combine this metric with particle-resolved model simulations to quantify error in CCN predictions when mixing state information is neglected, exploring a range of scenarios that cover different conditions of aerosol aging. We show that mixing state information does indeed become unimportant for more internally mixed populations, more precisely for populations with χ larger than 75 %. For more externally mixed populations (χ below 20 %) the relationship of χ and the error in CCN predictions is not unique and ranges from lower than −40 % to about 150 %, depending on the underlying aerosol population and the environmental supersaturation. We explain the reasons for this behavior with detailed process analyses.
Methane emissions from dairies in the Los Angeles Basin
Authors: Viatte Camille , Lauvaux Thomas , Hedelius Jacob K. , Parker Harrison , Chen Jia , Jones Taylor , Franklin Jonathan E. , Deng Aijun J. , Gaudet Brian , Verhulst Kristal , Duren Riley , Wunch Debra , Roehl Coleen , Dubey Manvendra K. , Wofsy Steve , Wennberg Paul O.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. We estimate the amount of methane (CH4) emitted by the largest dairies in the southern California region by combining measurements from four mobile solar-viewing ground-based spectrometers (EM27/SUN), in situ isotopic 13∕12CH4 measurements from a CRDS analyzer (Picarro), and a high-resolution atmospheric transport simulation with a Weather Research and Forecasting model in large-eddy simulation mode (WRF-LES). The remote sensing spectrometers measure the total column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CH4 and CO2 (XCH4 and XCO2) in the near infrared region, providing information on total emissions of the dairies at Chino. Differences measured between the four EM27/SUN ranged from 0.2 to 22 ppb (part per billion) and from 0.7 to 3 ppm (part per million) for XCH4 and XCO2, respectively. To assess the fluxes of the dairies, these differential measurements are used in conjunction with the local atmospheric dynamics from wind measurements at two local airports and from the WRF-LES simulations at 111 m resolution. Our top-down CH4 emissions derived using the Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) observations of 1.4 to 4.8 ppt s−1 are in the low end of previous top-down estimates, consistent with reductions of the dairy farms and urbanization in the domain. However, the wide range of inferred fluxes points to the challenges posed by the heterogeneity of the sources and meteorology. Inverse modeling from WRF-LES is utilized to resolve the spatial distribution of CH4 emissions in the domain. Both the model and the measurements indicate heterogeneous emissions, with contributions from anthropogenic and biogenic sources at Chino. A Bayesian inversion and a Monte Carlo approach are used to provide the CH4 emissions of 2.2 to 3.5 ppt s−1 at Chino.
Modeling the biogeochemical impact of atmospheric phosphate deposition from desert dust and combustion sources to the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Richon Camille , Dutay Jean-Claude , Dulac François , Wang Rong , Balkanski Yves
Published: June 2017

Abstract. We used phosphate deposition from natural dust, anthropogenic combustion and wildfires simulated for the year 2005 by a global atmospheric chemical transport model (LMDz–INCA) as additional sources of external nutrient for a high resolution regional coupled dynamical–biogeochemical model of the Mediterranean Sea. In general, dust is considered as the main atmospheric source of phosphorus, but the LMDz–INCA model suggests that combustion is dominant over natural dust as an atmospheric source of phosphate (the bioavailable form of phosphorus in seawater) for the Mediterranean Sea. According to the atmospheric transport model, anthropogenic phosphate deposition from combustion (Pcomb) brings on average 40.5 10−6 mol PO4 m−2 year−1 over the entire Mediterranean Sea for the year 2005 and is the primary source over the northern part (101 10−6 mol PO4 m−2 year−1 from combustion deposited in 2005 over the North Adriatic against 12.4 10−6 from dust). Lithogenic dust brings 17.2 10−6 mol PO4 m−2 year−1 on average over the Mediterranean Sea in 2005 and is the primary source of atmospheric phosphate to the southern Mediterranean basin in our simulations (31.8 10−6 mol PO4 m−2 year−1 from dust deposited in 2005 on average over the South Ionian basin against 12.4 10−6 from combustion). We examine separately the different soluble phosphorus (PO4) sources and their respective fluxes variability and evaluate their impacts on marine surface biogeochemistry (phosphate concentrations, Chl a, primary production). The impacts of the different phosphate deposition sources on the biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean are found localized, seasonally varying and small, but yet statistically significant. The impact of the different sources of phosphate on the biogeochemical cycles is remarkably different and should be accounted for in modeling studies.
A hydro-climatological approach to predicting regional landslide probability using Landlab
Authors: Strauch Ronda , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , Nudurupati Sai Siddhartha , Bandaragoda Christina , Gasparini Nicole M. , Tucker Gregory E.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. We develop a hydro-climatological approach to modeling of regional shallow landslide initiation that integrates spatial and temporal dimensions of parameter uncertainty to estimate an annual probability of landslide initiation. The physically-based model couples the infinite slope stability model with a steady-state subsurface flow representation and operates on a digital elevation model. Spatially distributed raster data for soil properties and a soil evolution model and vegetation classification from National Land Cover Data are used to derive parameters for probability distributions to represent input uncertainty. Hydrologic forcing to the model is through annual maximum recharge to subsurface flow obtained from a macroscale hydrologic model, routed on raster grid to develop subsurface flow. A Monte Carlo approach is used to generate model parameters at each grid cell and calculate probability of shallow landsliding. We demonstrate the model in a steep mountainous region in northern Washington, U.S.A., using 30-m grid resolution over 2,700 km2. The influence of soil depth on the probability of landslide initiation is investigated through comparisons among model output produced using three different soil depth scenarios reflecting uncertainty of soil depth and its potential long-term variability. We found elevation dependent patterns in probability of landslide initiation that showed the stabilizing effects of forests in low elevations, an increased landslide probability with forest decline at mid elevations (1,400 to 2,400 m), and soil limitation and steep topographic controls at high alpine elevations and post-glacial landscapes. These dominant controls manifest in a bimodal distribution of spatial annual landslide probability. Model testing with limited observations revealed similar model confidence for the three hazard maps, suggesting suitable use as relative hazard products. Validation of the model with observed landslides is hindered by the completeness and accuracy of the inventory, estimation of source areas, and unmapped landslides. The model is available as a component in Landlab, an open-source, Python-based landscape earth systems modeling environment, and is designed to be easily reproduced utilizing HydroShare cyberinfrastructure.
Effectiveness and limitations of parameter tuning in reducing biases of
top-of-atmosphere radiation and clouds in MIROC version 5
Authors: Ogura Tomoo , Shiogama Hideo , Watanabe Masahiro , Yoshimori Masakazu , Yokohata Tokuta , Annan James D. , Hargreaves Julia C. , Ushigami Naoto , Hirota Kazuya , Someya Yu
Published: June 2017

Abstract. This study discusses how much of the biases in top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation and clouds can be removed by parameter tuning in the present-day simulation of a climate model in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) generation. We used a low-resolution version of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 5 (MIROC5) Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) and compared the output of a perturbed parameter ensemble (PPE) experiment in the pre-industrial control setting with satellite observation data. The model biases and the parametric uncertainty of the biases are evaluated with respect to TOA radiation and clouds. We used the output of the PPE experiment without flux adjustment, which is consistent with the experimental design of the CMIP5. The results indicate that removing or changing the sign of the biases by parameter tuning alone is difficult. Especially, the cooling bias of the shortwave cloud radiative effect in low latitudes could not be removed, neither in the zonal mean nor at each latitude–longitude grid point. The bias was related to the overestimation of both cloud amount and cloud optical thickness, which could not be removed by the parameter tuning either. However, they could be alleviated by tuning parameters such as the maximum cumulus updraft velocity at the cloud base. On the other hand, the bias of the shortwave cloud radiative effect in the Arctic was sensitive to parameter tuning. It could be removed by tuning such parameters as albedo of ice and snow both in the zonal mean and at each grid point. The obtained results illustrate the benefit of PPE experiments which provide useful information regarding effectiveness and limitations of parameter tuning.
Masificación del consumo de tecnologías para el desarrollo rural: Evolución en la Revolución Tecnológica Agropecuaria
Authors: Malta Joseph
Published: June 2017

1.1.- ¿Productividad versus Progreso?  Empiezo sugiriendo que para que la política pública y la política de desarrollo rural funcionen bien,  es necesario escaparse de la abstracción de la maximización de beneficios. En esto,  lo más complicado es la dependencia tecnológica, y le sumo, revertir la mirada desde los intereses externos a lo interno: siempre, ya sea en sustitución de importaciones (protección de los capitales nacionales) o promoción de exportaciones (campo abierto para los mega capitales), la mirada ha estado en lo externo; allá está la tecnología y el conocimiento, y ellos también son el mercado. De aquí surgen dos conclusiones no tan halagadoras, que paradójicamente confluyen entre sí: optamos por una única tecnología; mientras que el conocimiento local dejó de tenerse en cuenta. Así, pareciera ser que la tecnología es: la relación de las cantidades de factores con las cantidades de producto: si aumenta la cantidad de producto que puede generar un conjunto dado de factores, entonces los costos de producción disminuyen. Y esto se ha impuesto como progreso tecnológico....
Do Children Benefit External Focus of Attention as Much as Adults? A Motor Learning Study
Authors: Roshandel Somaye , Taheri Hamidreza , Moghadam Amir
Published: June 2017

Recent evidence supports advantages of an external focus of attention on learning motor skills, however, there is a need to retest these finding for children and comparing them with adults. Thus, the purpose of current study was to determine the effect of different attentional focus on learning a motor skill in children and adults. Thirty children (8-12 year) and thirty adults (25-42 years) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) Children external focus of attention (EFA), (2) Children- internal focus of attention (IFA), (3) Adults- External focus of attention (EFA), (4) Adults- internal focus of attention (IFA). Following initial instructions and task demonstration, participants performed 60 darts throwing in six blocks and 24 hours later performed 10 additional throws for retention test. Results revealed that children benefited from EFA and IFA instruction in the same manner, however, adults benefited from EFA more than IFA instruction. Future studies should continue to examine effects of different attentional focus on other skills.
Impact of Project Complexity and Environmental Factors on Project Success: A Case of Oil and Gas Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Farhaj Ishtiaq  , Mirza Jahanzaib
Published: June 2017

Oil and gas industry significantly contribute for economic development of countries enriched with petroleum resources. Mega projects of oil and gas sector usually face many challenges due to environmental issues, high level of risks, huge investments, tight schedules and interdependencies between project activities. Therefore keeping in view, the issues faced by oil and gas sector this study was made to analyze the impact of project complexity and environmental factors on success of oil and gas projects of Pakistan. Based upon hypothetical framework developed for this study, data collection was made from an oil and gas company of Pakistan. After which, data analysis was carried out by using a statistical technique known as structural equation modeling. Project complexity, environmental factors and project success were taken as constructs for model evaluation on AMOS. Analysis of data has concluded that project complexity has negative impact on project success whereas better control over environmental factors enhance the project success rate.
Assessment of Drinking Water Quality Status and its Impact on Health in Tandojam City
Authors: Arslan Mumtaz  , Muhammad Saffar Mirjat  , Hafeez ur Rehman Mangio  , Aashifa Soomro
Published: June 2017

Unsafe drinking water is one of the major concerns in developing countries. The southern Sindh is province of Pakistan that adjoins the Arabian Sea coast where the drinking water quality is deteriorating due to unrefined urban waste and excessive use of agro-chemicals. Present study aimed to assess the quality of ground water source and to compare it with WHO standards. Water borne diseases associated with drinking it in the vicinity Tandojam city were identified. Water from ground water source was sampled at selected locations in the study area. The samples were collected mostly from pumped waters. The samples were analyzed for physico-chemical properties in order to identify the quality problems and suggest safe source for drinking purpose. Findings revealed that the ground water quality in Muzaffrabad colony is deteriorating. The situation was much worse in Muzaffrabad colony, Jam Ghar and Mir colony with high TDS and salty taste, respectively at few sampling locations. In addition, laboratory analysis of the water quality parameters revealed the detail of variation in the groundwater. TDS, hardness, sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) and magnesium (Mg) etc. were considerably beyond the WHO permissible limits. The poor quality of the water has created different waterborne diseases like cholera, diarrhea etc. Moreover, the samples of SAU Colony and Amar Town showed that the water quality of these areas was within acceptable limits according to WHO standards and was suitable for the purpose of drinking.
Le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette en tant que trouble neurodéveloppemental
Authors: Leclerc Julie B. , Gaudet Isabelle , Gauthier Bruno , St-Denis-Turcotte Juliette
Published: June 2017

L’objet de cet article est de présenter les avancées scientifiques concernant le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette (SGT), dans l’optique où il fait partie de la nouvelle section des troubles neurodéveloppementaux du DSM-5. La définition et la symptomatologie des troubles tic, et particulièrement du SGT, sont présentées. Les troubles associés, ainsi que l’évaluation diagnostique et différentielle sont abordés sous l’angle clinique et neuropsychologique. Enfin, les traitements recommandés, et s’appuyant sur des données probantes, sont présentés de manière à outiller les professionnels et les psychologues, tout en les informant des principaux modèles conceptuels permettant une meilleure compréhension clinique des tics.
LA RÉSILIENCE FAMILIALE : ESSAI DE DÉFINITION À PARTIR D’UNE PERSPECTIVE HUMANISTE
Authors: Gauvin-Lepage Jérôme , Lefebvre Hélène , Malo Denise
Published: June 2017

La résilience a été étudiée dans différentes disciplines et, depuis les dernières décennies, plusieurs chercheurs et cliniciens se sont intéressés aux écrits portant sur la résilience de parents d’enfants confrontés à des traumatismes. Compte tenu des différentes conceptions de la résilience à travers le temps et les disciplines, le chercheur s’intéressant à ce domaine d’étude doit reconnaître l’importance de formuler sa propre définition ou, à tout le moins, d’inscrire clairement la définition retenue. Cet article consiste à présenter une définition de la résilience familiale issue de l’empirisme, soutenue par une perspective humaniste.
INÉGALITÉ DE REVENUS ET BONHEUR AUTOUR DU MONDE
Authors: Bouffard Léandre , Dubé Micheline
Published: June 2017

L’inégalité de revenus et le bonheur seraient en relation négative, et ce, de façon plus marquée dans les pays riches que dans les pays pauvres. Des données recueillies sur 144 pays ont servi à vérifier cette hypothèse. Cette dernière a été confirmée pour deux indices de bonheur : l’évaluation de la vie et le bien-être subjectif, mais pour les pays riches seulement; même en contrôlant l’effet du pouvoir d’achat. Au-delà d’un certain seuil d’inégalité, l’augmentation de la richesse dans les pays riches n’apporte pas de mieux-être. La croissance économique y importe moins que la juste répartition des richesses. Étant donné les graves répercussions de l’inégalité sur la santé mentale, les psychologues sont invités à y porter attention dans leurs interventions.
LE COACHING EN PSYCHOLOGIE POSITIVE : CULTIVER LE BIEN-ÊTRE, LES ÉMOTIONS POSITIVES ET LES FORCES PERSONNELLES
Authors: Boniwell Iliona , Kauffman Carol , Bouffard Léandre
Published: June 2017

Le présent article offre une vue d’ensemble des applications concrètes du coaching en psychologie positive. À cette fin, on présente les processus et les outils de la psychologie positive de même que la manière dont les théories de la psychologie positive peuvent influencer l’approche adoptée à l’endroit du client et la coconstruction de la relation. On discute d’interventions spécifiques en fonction du type de buts que poursuit le client au cours des sessions. Ainsi, on explore comment la psychologie positive influence le processus et le contenu du coaching.