bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Potential of Polyherbal Preparations in CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Begum Rayhana , Papia Sonia Akther , Begum Mst Marium , Wang Hongbin , Karim Rubaba , Sultana Rebeka , Das Priyanka Rani , Begum Taslima , Islam Md. Ragibul , Manwar Nargis , Rahman Md. Sohanur
Published: February 2022

Background. Polyherbal formulations (PLFs) have been widely used for liver protection, treatment for hepatic dysfunction, and regeneration. They can also enhance appetite and protect the gastrointestinal tract from injury. In spite of the prevalent use, there is a need of scientific evidence on their effectiveness and safety. The objective of the present study was to assess the hepatoprotective effect of polyherbal formulations (commercially available in Bangladesh namely Heptaliv, Holyliv, Icturn, and J-deenar) in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Methods. In this study, Swiss albino mice were treated for 7 days with distilled water or PLFs (2.6 and 5.2 ml/kg body weight/day, per os.) followed by single subcutaneous injection of CCl4 (1 ml/kg body weight, diluted with olive oil in 1 : 1 ratio) on day 8. Twenty-four hours after CCl4 administration, the mice were monitored for the effects of PLFs on liver morphology, biochemical parameters including serum aspartate transaminase (AST), serum alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin. Phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time and histopathology changes in liver tissues were also monitored. Results. CCl4 administration caused significant hepatotoxicity as evidenced by marked elevation in AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin. Phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time and infiltration of inflammatory cells and centrizonal necrosis on histological examination of liver demonstrated hepatic injury after CCl4 administration. However, the administration of Icturn and J-deenar polyherbal formulations at the higher dose significantly decreased the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin. Moreover, pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time and histopathological analysis also revealed significant improvement as result of treatment with formulations Icturn and J-deenar. Conclusion. Our results confirmed that polyherbal formulations (Icturn and J-deenar) can significantly prevent CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in mice, demonstrating their protective effect for liver.
Data Mining-Based Analysis of Modern Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Stable Angina Pectoris in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Luo Min , Hu Yuying , Bai Rong , Xu Zongpei
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study is to explore the clinical effects of Chinese medicine in the treatment of stable angina pectoris in coronary heart disease. Chinese medicine has multitarget, multilevel, and multilink effects in the treatment of coronary angina, which can significantly improve patients’ symptoms. Its mechanism of action involves multiple levels such as regulating lipid metabolism, improving platelet function, antioxidant, and protecting endothelial function. The design was based on data mining to analyse the dosing pattern of modern Chinese medicine for the treatment of stable angina pectoris in coronary heart disease. The number of episodes of angina pectoris, the duration of the episodes, and the changes in the electrocardiogram before and after taking the medicine were observed and compared between the two groups. The number and duration of angina attacks ((2.23 ± 0.77) per week and (1.31 ± 0.34) min/time, respectively) in the study group were found to be significantly better than those in the control group ((3.86 ± 1.03) per week and (2.46 ± 1.21) min/time, respectively).
LPPS-AGC: Location Privacy Protection Strategy Based on Alt-Geohash Coding in Location-Based Services
Authors: Zhang Zekun , Sun Xiaoting , Chen Siyang , Liang Yongquan
Published: February 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) connects billions of physical devices around the world to the Internet to collect and share massive data. Location privacy leakage has received considerable attention in the field of security. In order to implement the

k

-anonymity location privacy protection mechanism, a previous work constructed an anonymous location set by retrieving historical request record database from the trusted third anonymous server, which advantageously protects user’s location privacy. However, the performance of location-based services (LBSs) is weakened by the time overhead of continual retrieving database. Moreover, with the increasingly flourishing of the positioning technique, user location can be accurate to the user’s altitude beyond the two-dimensional latitude and longitude coordinates. In this paper, we present a location privacy protection strategy in LBSs based on Alt-Geohash coding (LPP-AGC) method synthetically considering the altitude of user location and time overhead. Specifically, we give the Alt-Geohash coding algorithm (AGCA) to retrieve the historical request record database, which greatly reduces the time overhead and ensures the immediacy of LBSs. In addition, we propose the dummy location generating algorithm (DLGA) and location filtering algorithm (LFA) to provide users with autonomous

k

-anonymity location privacy protection. Extensive simulations are performed to verify the performance and security of the proposed strategy.
Detection of Breast Cancer from Five-View Thermal Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Mammoottil Mathew Jose , Kulangara Lloyd J. , Cherian Anna Susan , Mohandas Prabu , Hasikin Khairunnisa , Mahmud Mufti
Published: February 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer. Its aggressive nature coupled with high mortality rates makes this cancer life-threatening; hence early detection gives the patient a greater chance of survival. Currently, the preferred diagnosis method is mammography. However, mammography is expensive and exposes the patient to radiation. A cost-effective and less invasive method known as thermography is gaining popularity. Bearing this in mind, the work aims to initially create machine learning models based on convolutional neural networks using multiple thermal views of the breast to detect breast cancer using the Visual DMR dataset. The performances of these models are then verified with the clinical data. Findings indicate that the addition of clinical data decisions to the model helped increase its performance. After building and testing two models with different architectures, the model used the same architecture for all three views performed best. It performed with an accuracy of 85.4%, which increased to 93.8% after the clinical data decision was added. After the addition of clinical data decisions, the model was able to classify more patients correctly with a specificity of 96.7% and sensitivity of 88.9% when considering sick patients as the positive class. Currently, thermography is among the lesser-known diagnosis methods with only one public dataset. We hope our work will divert more attention to this area.
Using Network Pharmacology to Systematically Decipher the Potential Mechanisms of Jisuikang in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Li Shaoshuo , Shao Yang , Chen Hao , Wang Jianwei
Published: February 2022

Objective. To identify the potential pharmacological targets of Jisuikang (JSK) for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) using network pharmacology. Methods. The bioactive compounds of JSK herbs and their corresponding potential SCI targets were obtained from three traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) databases. SCI-related therapeutic target genes were obtained from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and the GeneCards Database. The common target genes between the JSK compounds and SCI-related therapeutic targets were screened using GO/KEGG functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses to identify hub genes and their categories of biological function. Gene expression distribution and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were used to identify probable SCI-related target genes. Molecular docking was used to quantify molecular interactions between target genes and the bioactive compounds of JSK. Results. A total of 183 JSK bioactive compounds and 197 target genes for the treatment of SCI were screened and assessed. The target genes were enriched primarily in drug metabolism and in inflammation-related biological processes. Ten genes with statistical significance were identified as therapeutic SCI-related target genes of JSK. Molecular docking experiments demonstrated that the proteins of these 10 genes docked with binding energies of less than −5 kcal/mol with the bioactive compounds in JSK. Conclusion. This study showed that the anti-SCI effects of JSK may be mediated through numerous bioactive components, multiple gene targets, and inflammation-related pathways and provided potential novel targets for directed therapies for treating SCI. These results provide a foundation for further experimental investigations into treatment options for SCI.
Mechanism and Control of Rockburst Induced by Draining Spatial Islands and Squaring
Authors: Cheng Yunhai , Li Fenghui , Zhang Xiufeng , Li Gangwei , Xu Le
Published: February 2022

A small-pillar gob-side roadway showed rockburst appearance during the mining of a gob-side working face located in the Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia mining area. This study examines the 2202 gob-side working face of a coal mine in Inner Mongolia as a case study. A stress evolution model was built for the static-stress spatial islands formed by drainage regions and goafs based on the spatial relationships between drainage regions and goafs. The average microseismic frequency and energy of the high-stress zone of spatial islands were at least 1.37 times of those of other zones, validating the presence of spatial islands. The dynamic and static load effects of working face squaring were obtained based on the evolution of the stope roof as well as changes in microseismic data. Microseismically active zones were advanced to 200 m–300 m on working faces. The rockbursts induced by high static loads and dynamic and static loads formed by spatial islands and squaring were calculated. According to calculation results, the critical stress concentration value under high static loads was 3.27; the critical static stress concentration value under dynamic and static loads was 1.81. The superposition of drainage boundary stress, goaf lateral stress, and lead stress might reach the critical stress concentration under dynamic load disturbances, causing rockbursts. A stress adjustment scheme was established, including overall hydraulic fracturing of the external roof of the drainage region, reduction of stoping speed, and pressure relief of large-diameter boreholes. The stress adjustment scheme was implemented on-site and supplemented by monitoring and early warning methods to safely advance by the first squaring region.
How Water Content Can Influence the Chemomechanical Properties and Physical Degradation under Aging of Experimental Adhesives
Authors: Esteves Stella Renata Machado Silva , Barcellos Daphne Camara , Silva Tânia Mara da , Silva Mateus Rodrigues , Campos Tiago Moreira Bastos , Rosetti Elizabeth Pimentel , Pucci César Rogério , Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva
Published: February 2022

Objective. To evaluate the physicochemical (sorption (SOR), solubility (SOL), and degree of conversion (DC)) and mechanical (flexural strength (FS), modulus of elasticity (ME), and compressive strength (CS)) properties of adhesives with different water contents (D2O). Materials and Methods. An adhesive was formulated: 55 wt% BisGMA, 45 wt% HEMA, 0.5 wt% camphorquinone, 0.5 wt% EDMAB, and 1.0 wt% DPIHP. D2O was added into the adhesives (0 wt%, 10 wt%, and 16 wt%). DC was monitored through the FTIR. FS, ME, CS, SOR, and SOL were tested. The adhesive samples were aged in deionized water, ethanol, and acetone. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (5%). Results. For DC, the 0 wt% group showed a significant reduction (68.09 ± 0.14A) compared with the 10 wt% (87.07 ± 0.81B) and 16 wt% groups (89.87 ± 0.24B); 10 wt% showed the highest FS (MPa) mean values (141.6 ± 6.71B) compared with the 0 wt% (109.4 ± 20.5A) and 16 wt% (107.8 ± 15.8A). For the CS (MPa) and ME (GPa), the 16 wt% showed the lowest mean values (98.8 ± 18.0B and 2.2 ± 0.3B, respectively) compared with the 10 wt% and 0 wt%. For the SOR, 16 wt% of water showed the highest mean values and the ethanol showed the lowest mean values of SOL regardless of water content. Conclusion. The amount of water content and the types of aging solvents significantly affect the adhesive properties.
Energy Management in the Microgrid and Its Optimal Planning for Supplying Wireless Charging Electric Vehicle
Authors: Sraidi Salma , Maaroufi Mohamed
Published: February 2022

The ongoing research work on electric vehicles (EVs) as well as the growing concern around the world to ensure a pollution-free environment is sure to lead to a significant increase in the number of EVs in the near future. The electrification of automobiles is an inevitable trend of future development. However, the growth of EVs relies on several elements: autonomy, the charging practice and infrastructure, the price, and the high amount of energy needed for supplying EV. This tendency impacts several points in transportation such as the road infrastructure and electrical power network. The aim of this article is the integration of new energy power sources as a part of the microgrid (MG) to supply EV with dynamic wireless charging. The main goal is to establish an energy management strategy reducing the running cost. The purpose is suggested for two kinds of operation mode: relying only on the MG (island mode) or relying on the MG and the large grid (grid-connected). The optimization problem is solved on the basis of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. We could note that the stability of the microgrid in the off-grid mode is better, when the load is close to the output power of the distributed power supply. Through the coordination and cooperation of the battery output and the other two distributed power generation units, the microgrid can achieve its autonomy and maximize the economy of the system operation. Thanks to our methodology, a better revenue and an enhanced flexible dispatching of the system were met in the grid-connected mode as well.
A Three-step Method for Three-way Clustering by Similarity-based Sample’s Stability
Authors: Zhu Jin , Jiang Dongqin , Wang Pingxin
Published: February 2022

Clustering is an important research field in machine learning. Traditional clustering approaches are not very effective in dealing with clusters having overlapping regions. To better capture the three types of relationships between a cluster and a sample, namely, belong-to fully, belong-to partially and not belong-to fully, we propose a theory of similarity-based sample’s stability and develop a three-step method for three-way clustering by integrating similarity-based sample’s stability into the idea of three-way clustering in this paper. In the proposed theory, the similarity of two samples is used to define the frequencies of two samples and the samples stability is calculated based on the defined frequencies and determinacy function. With this stability, the universe is divided into stable set and unstable set. The samples in the stable set are assigned into the core region of each cluster by using traditional clustering algorithm. The samples in the unstable set are assigned into the fringe region of corresponding cluster according to distances between the elements and the centers of the cluster core regions. Therefore, a three-way clustering is naturally formed. Experimental results on datasets show that this method can improve the structure of the clustering results.
Design and Implementation of Artwork Display System Based on Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Zhao Qian , Wu Chenglin
Published: February 2022

The IoT brings digital and intelligent changes, which can change many ways of seeing the world. Among them, the display of rare works of art is easily overlooked. This paper studies the artwork display system based on the IoT technology and uses the Spring framework under the uRLLC communication protocol to design the artwork display system through the design of the database and the controller. This article takes the artistic work display system as the research object, studies the operating mode of the system model, conducts system testing in an indoor environment, and compares communication with traditional distributed computing technology. Based on the experimental results, it can be seen that the real-time performance of this system is far superior to traditional cloud computing systems.
Application of FIFD-OMGD-1.5D Teager Energy to Extract Microfault Features of Rolling Bearing
Authors: Liu Fangming , Ma Jie
Published: February 2022

Deconvolution-related methods are the mainstream choice when it comes to enhancing the pulse impact of bearing fault and reducing noise interference. Kurtogram algorithm is used to optimize the minimum generalized Lp/Lq deconvolution to improve the nonconvexity of other optimization criteria. However, it has low computational efficiency and poor diagnostic accuracy under strong background noise. The paper proposes an optimized method using protrugram algorithm that combines fast iterative filter decomposition (FIFD) with minimum generalized Lp/Lq deconvolution (OMGD) for the 1.5-dimension Teager energy spectrum demodulation. Here is the specific process of the application: Fast iterative filtering (FIF) was used to reduce noise interference before using the maximum kurtosis to obtain the center frequency and frequency band and optimize the filter design, which was for the MGD initialization operation to prevent the result from falling into the local optimal solution and check the interference of impulse noise to a certain extent. The 1.5-dimension Teager energy spectrum was then used for demodulation analysis to extract small fault features of rolling bearings. The verification of simulation signals and actual data showed that this method was better in terms of extraction effect and efficiency than the use of fast kurtogram algorithm to optimize minimum generalized Lp/Lq deconvolution when it comes to extracting microfault features with high interference of background noise.
Curve Fitting Algorithm-Based Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Image for Evaluating the Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Neurological Function in Patients Undergoing Brain Tumor Surgery
Authors: Wu Zhu , Sun Xue , Wu Yu , Zhang Haiying
Published: February 2022

Objective. The study aimed to explore the influence of dexmedetomidine (Dex) guided by ultrasonic contrast on postoperative cognitive function, serum nerve injury factors, inflammatory response, and blood glucose in patients undergoing intracerebral tumor resection through curve fitting algorithm. Methods. 80 patients who underwent tumor resection were selected and randomly rolled into control (Ctrl) group and Dex group, with 40 in each. Then, patients in the Dex group received 0.4 μg/kg⋅h Dex, and patients in Ctrl received the same amount of normal saline. Both groups were diagnosed with benign or malignant tumors by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) based on time-intensity curve (TIC) before surgery. Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination (CCSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to assess the cognitive function 1 day before and 3 days after the operation, and the ELISA method was used to detect levels of nerve damage-related factors and inflammation factor. Finally, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were detected at the same time. Results. In contrast with benign lesions, the AUC, MTT, and PI of malignant lesions were obviously reduced (

P
<
0.05

), while TP was obviously increased (

P
<
0.05

). The postoperative CCSE and MoCA scores of the Dex group were obviously higher than Ctrl (

P
<
0.05

). In contrast with the Ctrl, the CCSE and MoCA scores in the Dex group increased obviously after 3 days (

P
<
0.05

). In addition, the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in the Dex group was obviously reduced (

P
<
0.05

). Besides, levels of S100β, NSE, and GFAP were obviously reduced in the Dex group 1 day after surgery (

P
<
0.05

), while levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were obviously reduced (

P
<
0.05

), and returned to the level of Ctrl 3 days after surgery. There was no obvious difference in FBG at each time point between the two. Conclusion. CEUS based on curve fitting algorithm is effective on nursing treatment of intracranial tumors. Dex can obviously improve POCD and reduce levels of serum nerve injury factors and inflammatory factors.
Detection of Shot Transition in Sports Video Based on Associative Memory Neural Network
Authors: Ke Wanli
Published: February 2022

Users must quickly and effectively classify, browse, and retrieve videos due to the explosive growth of video data. A variety of shots make up the video data stream. The most important technology in video retrieval is shot detection, which can fundamentally solve many problems, resulting in improved detection effects and even directly affecting video retrieval performance. This paper investigates the shot transition detection algorithm in digital video live broadcasts based on sporting events. To solve the problem of shot transition detection using a single training sample, an AMNN (Associative Memory Neural Network) model with online learning ability is proposed. Experiments on a large football video data set show that this algorithm detects shear and gradual change better than existing algorithms and meets the application requirements of sports video retrieval in most cases.
Pine Needle (Pinus densiflora) Extract‐Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and the Preparation of Carrageenan‐Based Antimicrobial Packaging Films
Authors: Kim Yeon Ho , Bang Yeong-Ju , Yoon Ki Sun , Priyadarshi Ruchir , Rhim Jong-Whan
Published: February 2022

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using a pine needle extract‐mediated synthesis method. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum showed a characteristic peak of silver, indicating that crystalline silver nanoparticles were formed. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical and had a uniform size of 63.9 ± 2.1 nm with a narrow size distribution. The AgNPs have been used as functional nanofillers in the manufacture of carrageenan‐based functional nanocomposite films. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) confirmed that AgNPs were uniformly dispersed in the carrageenan polymer matrix. The addition of AgNPs to the Carr film affected the surface color, mechanical, water vapor barrier, and surface wettability properties and significantly improved the UV blocking properties of the nanocomposite films. In addition, the carrageenan/AgNP composite films showed strong antioxidant activity and potent antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive (S. aureus) and Gram‐negative (E. coli O157: H7) bacteria. The carrageenan/AgNP film with UV protection, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity can be used as active food packaging material to extend the shelf life of packaged food.
miR-96-5p Induces Orbital Fibroblasts Differentiation by Targeting Smad7 and Promotes the Development of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Kang Jianshu , Li Yunqin , Zou Yue , Zhao Zhijian , Jiao Linan , Zhang Hong
Published: February 2022

Background. Recent evidence shows that adipogenic differentiation of orbital fibroblasts (OFs) promotes the development of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), an organ-specific immune disease. Furthermore, miR-96-5p has been linked to adipogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and is significantly correlated with the severity of TAO. The purpose of this study is to look into the role of miR-96-5p in the adipogenesis of OFs with TAO. Methods. The orbital tissues from TAO patients and non-TAO participants were collected, and primary OFs were isolated and cultured for further analysis. miR-96-5p expression was examined using qRT-PCR. The adipogenic differentiation of OFs was then studied. Results. Orbital fibroblasts isolated from adipose tissues of TAO patients (t-OFs) demonstrated greater adipogenic differentiation ability than OFs isolated from adipose tissues of non-TAO participants. miR-96-5p was found to be overexpressed in the orbital tissues of TAO patients and t-OFs. Further research revealed that miR-96-5p, by targeting Smad7, could exacerbate PPAR-γ/C/EBPα signaling-induced adipogenic differentiation of t-OFs. However, inhibiting miR-96-5p could block t-OFs adipogenic differentiation-mediated adipogenesis via Smad7/PPAR-γ/C/EBPα. Conclusions. miR-96-5p plays a critical regulatory role in the development of TAO by targeting Smad7 and promoting adipogenic differentiation of OFs.
Metformin Use and Mortality in Women with Ovarian Cancer: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guo Mingchuan , Shang Xiaofei , Guo Duanying
Published: February 2022

Background. Previous observational studies and meta-analysis suggested a possible association between metformin use and reduced mortality in women with ovarian cancer (OC). However, clinical factors that may influence the relationship remain poorly evaluated. We performed an updated meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the above association and to observe the potential influences of study characteristics on the association. Methods. Relevant studies reporting the association between metformin use and mortality in women with OC in the multivariate adjusted model were identified by search of electronic databases that included PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The random-effects model was adopted to combine the results. Results. Nine studies including 10030 women with OC were included. Overall, metformin use was independently associated with reduced overall mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–0.93,

P
=
0.01

; I2 = 62%). Consistent results were observed for studies comparing metformin users with nondiabetic women and studies comparing metformin users with diabetic women who did not use metformin (

P

for subgroup analysis = 0.70). Further subgroup analyses showed consistent results in studies with metformin use before or after the diagnosis of OC, with or without adjustment of body mass index (BMI) and with or without adjustment of concurrent medications (

P

for subgroup analyses all >0.10). Conclusion. Metformin use is associated with reduced mortality in women with OC, which may be independent of the diabetic status of the controls, timing of metformin use, or adjustment of BMI and concurrent medications. Clinical trials are needed to validate the potential benefits of metformin on survival of OC.
Effects of Customized Progressive Addition Lenses vs. Single Vision Lenses on Myopia Progression in Children with Esophoria: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhu Xiaowei , Wang Dongmei , Li Naiyang , Zhao Feng
Published: February 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of customized progressive addition lenses (CPALs) versus single vision lenses (SVLs) on the progression of juvenile-onset myopia in children with near esophoria. Methods. Ninety-three Chinese children, aged 7–14 years with spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ranging from −0.50 to −4.00 D and near esophoria ≥2Δ, were randomly assigned into a CPALs (n = 46) and an SVLs group (n = 47) for a 2-year, double-masked, randomized trial. The primary outcome measure was the progression of myopia, as determined by cycloplegic autorefraction. A customized near addition, calculated by a regression equation, was prescribed to establish a fixed heterophoria status for each child, which was −3Δ exophoria. Results. Eighty-four (90.3%) of the 93 children completed the 2-year follow-up. The mean initial near addition lenses were 1.65 ± 0.07 D (mean ± SE). The adjusted 2-year myopia progression was 0.23 ± 0.08 D slower in the CPALs group than in the SVLs group (

p
=
0.046

). Post hoc analysis found significantly larger treatment effects for CPALs in children without myopic parents (0.47 ± 0.15 D; 95% CI: 0.18–0.76), with lower baseline myopia (0.33 ± 0.09 D; 95% CI: 0.14–0.52;

p
<
0.05

), with higher baseline accommodative lag (0.36 ± 0.11 D; 95% CI: 0.12–0.60;

p
<
0.05

), and with higher baseline near esophoria (0.30 ± 0.10 D; 95% CI: 0.12–0.48;

p
<
0.05

). Conclusion. CPALs exerted a significant but minimal protective effect against myopia progression in Chinese children with esophoric myopia, as compared with SVLs. Regulating near heterophoria and accommodative lag by near addition lenses may not be an appropriate way to prevent myopia progression.
The Effect of Compression on the Void Coalescence under Strong Dynamic Loading
Authors: Tu Ruichen , Wei Ning , Pei Yongmao , Liu Yan , Zhang Fengguo , Zhang Dongsheng
Published: February 2022

The void coalescence under strong dynamic loading is a significant spallation process for ductile metals. Since the spallation is basically dominated by tension waves, most void coalescence studies have focused on the tension effect. However, it is known that in spallation, the material initially undergoes a strong compression wave, and then an irreversible deformation is produced by the compression wave inside the material. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of compression on the void coalescence is investigated using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. It was found that as the compressive strain increases, the yield strength decreases first and then increases. The results showed that due to the Bauschinger effect (BE), the yield strength decreases by 19.43% from 5.66 GPa without compressive loading to 4.56 GPa when the compressive strain is −7.5%, after which the yield strength increases. The voids do not coalesce when the compressive strain is −8%. In addition, it was found that during the compressive phase, the void surfaces would generate dislocations, which could obstruct the void coalescence in the tensile phase. Furthermore, under compressive loading, the temperature effect on the void coalescence was studied, and it was found that lower temperatures could suppress the void coalescence.
A Comparative Study of Serum Phosphate and Related Parameters in Chronic Kidney Disease between the USA and Japan
Authors: Fujii Naohiko , Hamano Takayuki , Hsu Jesse Y. , Imai Enyu , Akizawa Tadao , Nitta Kosaku , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Iimuro Satoshi , Ohashi Yasuo , Matsuo Seiichi , Makino Hirofumi , Hishida Akira , Alper Arnold B. , Horwitz Edward J. , Hsu Chi-Yuan , Porter Anna C. , Wolf Myles , Yang Wei , Nessel Lisa , Feldman Harold I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Recent studies have suggested a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the USA than in Japan. Hyperphosphatemia, a possible risk for CVD, may explain this difference; however, international differences in phosphate parameters in CKD have not been well elaborated. Methods: By using the baseline data from the USA and the Japanese nation-wide, multicenter, CKD cohort studies; the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study (CRIC, N = 3,870) and the Chronic Kidney Disease-Japan Cohort Study (CKD-JAC, N = 2,632), we harmonized the measures and compared clinical parameters regarding phosphate metabolism or serum phosphate, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), and parathyroid hormone (PTH), in the cross-sectional model. Results: Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that serum phosphate levels were significantly higher in CRIC across all levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with the greatest difference being observed at lower levels of eGFR. Serum FGF23 and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels were higher in CRIC, while PTH levels were higher in CKD-JAC at all levels of eGFR. Adjustments for demographics, 25OHD, medications, dietary intake or urinary excretion of phosphate, PTH, and FGF23 did not eliminate the difference in serum phosphate levels between the cohorts (0.43, 0.46, 0.54, 0.64, and 0.78 mg/dL higher in CRIC within eGFR strata of >50, 41–50, 31–40, 21–30, and ≤20 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively). These findings were consistent when only Asian CRIC participants (N = 105) were included in the analysis. Conclusion: Serum phosphate levels in CRIC were significantly higher than those of CKD-JAC across all stages of CKD, which may shed light on the international variations in phosphate parameters and thus in cardiovascular risk among CKD patients. The key mechanisms for the substantial differences in phosphate parameters need to be elucidated.
Хірургічне лікування пілонідальних кіст крижово-куприкової ділянки з використанням клею на основі сітчастого поліуретану
Authors: Фелештинський Я. П. , Балан І. Г. , Галатенко Н. А. , Кулеш Д. В. , Владичук Я. В.
Published: February 2022

Мета роботи: покращити результати лікування пацієнтів із пілонідальними кістами крижово-куприкової ділянки шляхом комплексного хірургічного лікування з використанням клею на основі сітчастого поліуретану.

Матеріали і методи. Проведено аналіз хірургічного лікування 126 пацієнтів з пілонідальною кістою крижово-куприкової ділянки. Вік пацієнтів від був 18 до 46 років, середній вік пацієнтів склав 27±1,2 року. Чоловіків було 111 (88 %), жінок 15 (12 %). Залежно від способу лікування пацієнти були розподілені на 2 групи. Групи пацієнтів були зіставні за віковим та статтю (p>0,05). У першій групі (64 пацієнти) хірургічне лікування проводили за розробленим нами способом економної резекції з накладанням двох рядів внутрішніх позаепідермальних швів у поєднанні з клейовою композицією на основі сітчастого поліуретану з іммобілізованим альбуцидом. У другій групі (62 пацієнти) хірургічне лікування пілонідальних кіст виконувалось за традиційним способом серединної резекції з використанням вузлових швів нашкірної фіксації. Жоден з пацієнтів раніше не був оперований з приводу пілонідальної кісти. Хірургічне лікування здійснювали під місцевим знеболенням. Всіх пацієнтів було прооперовано амбулаторно. Час післяопераційного спостереження пацієнтів складав 12–24 місяців.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У післяопераційному періоді серед пацієнтів 64 пацієнтів 1-ї групи у 4 (6,3 %) пацієнтів спостерігали серому п/о рани, інфікування рани у 1 (1,6 %) пацієнта, гематом рани не спостерігали, рецидив пілонідальної кісти було діагностовано у 1 (1,6 %) пацієнта з ожирінням ІІІ ступеня, цукровим діабетом. Серед 62 пацієнтів 2-ї групи у 16 (25,8 %) пацієнтів спостерігали виникнення сероми п/о рани. Інфікування післяопераційної рани спостерігали у 10 (16,1 %) пацієнтів. Наявність гематоми спостерігали у 2 (3,2 %) пацієнтів. Рецидив захворювання спостерігали у 6 (9,7 %) пацієнтів, у термін від 1 до 3 місяців. За даними результатів, значне покращення хірургічного лікування пілонідальних кіст досягнуто у пацієнтів 1-ї групи, які були прооперовані за розробленою методикою з використанням клейової композиції.
Оцінка рівня коморбідності у хворих на гострий калькульозний холецистит із лапароскопічною холецистектомією
Authors: Мельник Н. А. , Запорожець Ю. В. , Осадчук Д. В. , Дзюбановський О. І. , Підручна С. Р.
Published: February 2022

Мета роботи: встановлення частоти наявності і рівня коморбідності у хворих із гострим калькульозним холециститом (ГКХ), яким проводили лапароскопічну холецистектомію.

Матеріали і методи. Прооперовано 457 хворих на гострий калькульозний холецистит, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні в міській лікарні № 2 м. Тернополя. Усім проведено клініко-лабораторні, інструментальні обстеження та верифіковано діагноз гострий калькульозний холецистит. Операційне втручання проводили лапароскопічним методом. Прихильними вважали хворих, які набрали 4–3 бали, а неприхильними – 0–2. Оцінку коморбідності проводили за допомогою спеціального індексу – індексу коморбідності Charlson (M. E. Charlson, 1987).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Індекс коморбідності Чарльстона в середньому  склав (3,91±1,9) бала. Більшість хворих мала індекс коморбідності на рівні 3–5 балів, що вказує на наявність супутньої патології у більшості пацієнтів. Серед супутніх захворювань переважали захворювання серцево-судинної системи: перенесений інфаркт міокарда – 11 (2,5 %) хворих, гіпертонічна хвороба – 41 (9 %) хворий, ішемічна хвороба серця – 132 (29 %) хворі, серцеві аритмії – 173 (38 %) хворі, застійна серцева недостатність – 18 (4 %) хворих. Отже, прогнозуючи летальність досліджуваної когорти хворих, яким проводили холецистектомію, можна передбачити найвищі її показники із супутньою серцево-судинною та легеневою патологією, меншою мірою із варикозною хворобою та цукровим діабетом. З віком індекс коморбідності зростає, причому перебіг супутніх захворювань погіршується та зростає ризик ускладнень.
Роль 3Д-КТ ангіографії в передопераційному аналізі судинної анатомії селезінкового згину ободової кишки
Authors: Гриценко С. Й.
Published: February 2022

Мета роботи: проаналізувати анатомічні варіанти кровопостачання селезінкового кута ободової кишки в пацієнтів із лівобічним раком ободової кишки, котрі, як правило, потрібно обговорити перед операцією мультидисциплінарною командою.

Матеріали і методи. У дослідження включено 103 пацієнти (56 чоловіків та 47 жінок; середній вік – 64,2±11,6 року) на колоректальний рак, яким була проведена передопераційна 3Д-КТ ангіографія у Тернопільській університетській лікарні в період між 2016 та 2021 рр. У даному дослідженні ми ставили наступні завдання: дослідити різні артеріальні варіації кровопостачання селезінкового кута ободової кишки за допомогою 3Д-КТ ангіографії та надати оцінку щодо можливості лігування чи збереження тих чи інших структур з метою запобігання розвитку неспроможності анастомозу.

Результати  досліджень  та  їх  обговорення. Виділяють 4 типи кровопостачання селезінкового кута ободової кишки: 1 тип виявлено у 83 (80,6 %) пацієнтів, 2 тип – у 9 (8,7 %) пацієнтів, 3 тип – у 10 (9,7 %) пацієнтів та 4 тип у 1  (1 %) пацієнта. В артеріальній структурі селезінкового кута ободової кишки виділяють кілька аркад: крайова артерія Дрюмонда (виявлено у всіх 103  (100 %) пацієнтів), дуга Ріолана (виявлено у 47  (45,6 %) пацієнтів) і артерія Мошковіча (виявлено лише у 1  (1 %) пацієнта). Комп’ютерна томографія (КТ) з внутрішньовенним контрастуванням є золотим стандартом діагностики та стадіювання пацієнтів на рак ободової кишки та для оцінки судинної анатомії ободової кишки. Недоліком 3Д-КТ ангіографії є те, що калібр гілок ВБА та НБА є зазвичай малим і не завжди їх можна добре візуалізувати. У випадку поганої візуалізації таких структур, як крайова артерія Дрюмонда, дуга Ріолана та меншою мірою артерія Мошковіча вищезгаданих структур на 3Д-КТ ангіографії, аналіз повинен проводитись в звичайному 2D режимі.
Evidence-Based Medical Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Beldhuis Iris E. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Testani Jeffrey M. , Voors Adriaan A. , Van Spall Harriette G.C. , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Damman Kevin
Published: February 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) as identified by a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a common comorbidity in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The presence of CKD is associated with more severe heart failure, and CKD itself is a strong independent risk factor of poor cardiovascular outcome. Furthermore, the presence of CKD often influences the decision to start, uptitrate, or discontinue possible life-saving HFrEF therapies. Because pivotal HFrEF randomized clinical trials have historically excluded patients with stage 4 and 5 CKD (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m
2
), information on the efficacy and tolerability of HFrEF therapies in these patients is limited. However, more recent HFrEF trials with novel classes of drugs included patients with more severe CKD. In this review on medical therapy in patients with HFrEF and CKD, we show that for both all-cause mortality and the combined end point of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization, most drug classes are safe and effective up to CKD stage 3B (eGFR minimum 30 mL/min/1.73 m
2
). For more severe CKD (stage 4), there is evidence of safety and efficacy of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and to a lesser extent, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, vericiguat, digoxin and omecamtiv mecarbil, although this evidence is restricted to improvement of cardiovascular death/heart failure hospitalization. Data are lacking on the safety and efficacy for any HFrEF therapies in CKD stage 5 (eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m
2
or dialysis) for either end point. Last, although an initial decline in eGFR is observed on initiation of several HFrEF drug classes (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers/mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists/angiotensin receptor blocker neprilysin inhibitors/sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors), renal function often stabilizes over time, and the drugs maintain their clinical efficacy. A decline in eGFR in the context of a stable or improving clinical condition should therefore not be cause for concern and should not lead to discontinuation of life-saving HFrEF therapies.
Health Equity and Actionable Disparities in Stroke: 2021 Update
Authors: Towfighi Amytis , Ovbiagele Bruce
Published: February 2022

There are stark inequities in stroke incidence, prevalence, acute care, rehabilitation, risk factor control, and outcomes. To address these inequities, it is critical to engage communities in identifying priorities and designing, implementing, and disseminating interventions. This issue of
Stroke
features health equity themed lectures delivered during the International Stroke Conference and Health Equity and Actionable Disparities in Stroke: Understanding and Problem-Solving meetings in 2021 as well as articles covering issues of disparities and diversity in stroke. Bruce Ovbiagele, MD, MSc, MAS, MBA, MLS, received the 2021 William Feinberg Award Lecture for his lifetime achievements in seeking global and local solutions to cerebrovascular health inequities. The second annual Health Equity and Actionable Disparities in Stroke: Understanding and Problem-Solving symposium, which took place the day before the International Stroke Conference in February 2021, focused on community-engaged research for reducing inequities in stroke. Phil Gorelick, MD was awarded the Edgar J. Kenton III Award for his lifetime achievements in using community engagement strategies to recruit and retain Black participants in observational studies and clinical trials. Walter Koroshetz, MD, Director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke delivered the keynote lecture on stroke inequities and Richard Benson, MD, PhD, Director of the Office of Global Health and Health Disparities at National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, gave a lecture focused on National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke efforts to address inequities. Nichols et al highlighted approaches of community-based participatory research to address stroke inequities. Verma et al showcased digital health innovations to reduce inequities in stroke. Das et al showed that the proportion of underrepresented in medicine vascular neurology fellows has lowered over the past decade and authors provided a road map for enhancing the diversity in vascular neurology. Clearly, to overcome inequities, multipronged strategies are required, from broadening representation among vascular neurology faculty to partnering with communities to conduct research with meaningful impact.
Astragalus nigriceps (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae): an emended description with new data on distribution and conservation status
Authors: GHAHREMANINEJAD FARROKH , JOHARCHI MOHAMMAD REZA , MEMARIANI FARSHID , BEHROOZIAN MARYAM
Published: February 2022

An emended description of Astragalus nigriceps is provided with illustrations and information on several morphological characters not indicated in the protologue but necessary for identification, including the size of stipule, leaflet, peduncle, bract, calyx, petals, fruit, and also characteristics of raceme and pistil. This species is a new record for the flora of Iran. A detailed description, ecology and biogeography of the species are given along with conservation status of the species.
Aloe davyana var. magdae (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), a distinctive new variety from central-northeastern South Africa
Authors: SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: February 2022

Following the reinstatement of Aloe davyana as an accepted taxon at the rank of species, rather than at that of variety under A. greatheadii, and the subsequent reinstatement of A. davyana var. subolifera, a new variety, A. davyana var. magdae, is here described. Aloe davyana var. magdae, from the southern part of the distribution range of the species, inter alia differs from the pale flesh-pink to dull brick-red-flowered autonymic variety by being more intensely red-flowered, while the other, north-central variety, A. davyana var. subolifera, is most often nearly white-flowered. In addition, the new variety has about twice as many leaves per rosette, in comparison to the autonymic variety and A. davyana var. subolifera.
Tovomita manauara (Clusiaceae): a new species revealed by fruit morphology and leaf anatomy
Authors: MONTEIRO NOBRE ALEXANDRA , CARDOSO MARINHO LUCAS , NUNES CABRAL FERNANDA , ORESTE DEMARCHI LAYON , HIPÓLITO DE SOUSA JULIANA
Published: February 2022

Herein, we present Tovomita manauara A. Nobre & L. Marinho, a new species of Clusiaceae that is presumably endemic to the Amazonas state, in Brazil. The new species was initially identified as T. caloneura A.C. Sm., which is a morphologically similar and sympatric species. Although the species was based only on vegetative and fruit morphological characteristics, Tovomita manauara can be recognized by the large number of secondary veins (25–36 pairs vs. up to 26 pairs in T. caloneura) and 4-septate, turbinate to napiform fruits (vs. 5-septate and fusiform in T. caloneura). In addition to macromorphology, anatomical characters, such as the secretory canals larger, presence of collenchyma in the petiole, and the absence of druses in the midvein are also helpful for the identification of T. manauara.
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Modulates ENSO Atmospheric Anomaly Amplitude in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Zhao Chiyu , Geng Xin , Zhang Wenjun , Qi Li
Published: February 2022

Previous studies have demonstrated that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) could affect El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) through thermocline adjustment, with a stronger ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) amplitude during a negative AMO phase than during a positive phase. In this study, we find that the ENSO atmospheric anomaly amplitudes in the tropical Pacific during different AMO phases are not necessarily consistent with these ENSO SST changes. For El Niño episodes, the low-level wind and precipitation anomalies over the tropical Pacific in the boreal winter are more pronounced during the negative AMO phase than during the positive phase, corresponding well to the stronger SST anomalies. However, La Niña events during the negative AMO phase are accompanied by weaker atmospheric anomalies in the tropical Pacific, although their SST anomalies are stronger than those during the positive phase. We suggest that this mismatch between La Niña SST and atmospheric anomalies can be largely attributed to AMO decadal modulation. A positive AMO favors intensified trade winds and weakened precipitation in the central tropical Pacific by modifying Walker circulation. Therefore, when La Niña coincides with a positive AMO, the low-level easterly and negative precipitation anomalies are superimposed, which gives rise to stronger atmospheric perturbations. In contrast, under a negative AMO background, the atmospheric anomalies induced by La Niña anomalous SST are partly counteracted by the AMO remote decadal modulation, thereby resulting in weaker anomaly amplitudes. Here, we highlight that AMO decadal forcing needs to be considered when investigating ENSO atmospheric variabilities and related regional climate impacts.