bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-assisted Fenton-like degradation of methylene blue using electrospun nanofibrous membranes
Authors: Naddeo Vincenzo , Pervez Md. Nahid , Stylios George , Buonerba Antonio , Hasan Shadi , Cai Yingjie , Zhao Yaping , Talukder Md. Eman , Song Hongchen , Zarra Tiziano
Published: November 2022

New materials supported by Green Chemistry have been receiving widespread attention because they are fulfilling the sustainable development goals (SDGs) agenda, for which clean water development is a top priority. Recently, electrospun nanofibers membranes are being frequently used to decontaminate organic pollutants such as dyes because of their easy operation, flexibility, economic feasibility and high removal efficiency. In the present study, green polyvinyl alcohol-based electrospun nanofibers membranes (PVA NF) were produced at room temperature and applied for efficient capturing methylene blue as a common organic pollutant. A series of experiments were conducted to affirm their catalytic activity. In particular, dye degradation studies were initiated by dissolving a selected amount of Fe (III), H2O2, PVA NF membrane and ultrasound (ULTS). Results showed that ultrasound could generate hydroxyl (•OH) radical and triggers dye removal percentages, which are of significant contribution in terms of peroxide-free Fenton-like catalysis. Finally, this study has proven that electrospun nanofibrous membranes could be a potential economic and efficient carrier for the Fenton catalytic process to capture large amounts of organic pollutants from industrial effluents.
Do the weather conditions drive the spread of COVID-19? The Case of Greece
Authors: Tounta D. , Nastos P. , Paraskevis D. , Sarantopoulos A.
Published: November 2022

The new global pandemic of COVID-19 declared on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization, has already caused unprecedented health and socio-economic impacts, worldwide. The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has been sweeping the Unites States of America and Europe since late September 2020. The northern countries of Europe (Germany, France, Austria, Finland, Sweden) faced this second wave of the pandemic earlier in September 2020 against other southern countries, such as Greece, where there was a significant increase in cases in late October 2020.
To understand the spread of COVID-19 in Greece, from the environmental perspective, we try to examine the effect of air temperature, humidity and wind on the emergence of COVID-19. More specifically, we concern whether warm and wet conditions have a positive effect by decreasing the number of COVID-19 cases, while on the contrary, cold and dry conditions are associated with increasing cases. We apply Pearson correlation analysis and Generalized Linear Models taking as dependent variable the confirmed admissions in intensive care units (ICU) of COVID-19 from the National Public Health Organization and the corresponding air temperature, humidity and wind speed from the Hellenic National Meteorological Service, as independent variables. The analysis concerns Athens and Thessaloniki, the two largest cities in Greece.
Guimarães 2030: A new governance ecosystem
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos , Loureiro Isabel , Sepúlveda Dalila
Published: November 2022

Nowadays there is near consensus that cities have an important role to play in the pursuit of global climate protection and Sustainability. However, local strategies for sustainable development require a holistic and systemic approach, enabling multiscale involvement dynamics from a variety of stakeholders. Because Sustainability objectives are multifaceted, they often do not align with local governments' typical organizational structures, which compartmentalize expertise around core service functions. This paper intents to analyze the Governance Ecosystem Guimarães 2030 highlighting on the practical implementation of the quintuple helix model at local level. Available Information allowed characterizing Guimarães' Governance model as well as understanding how it evolved overtime. Projects were selected for each of the five-helix showcasing the continuous circulation of knowledge that is contributing for local sustainable development.
Investigating the effect of different NaCl concentrations as draw solution used to concentrate synthetic municipal wastewater in a Forward Osmosis system
Authors: Kappa Stavroula , Themeli Evangelia , Noutsopoulos Constantinos , Malamis Simos
Published: November 2022

The main bottleneck towards resource and energy valorization of municipal wastewater is the low strength of sewage; characterized by low organic matter and nutrient concentrations. In this study, a bench scale Forward Osmosis (FO) system with a cellulose triacetate membrane (CTA) was used as a pre-treatment system in order to concentrate synthetic municipal wastewater. Increasing concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0.6, 1.2, 1.7, 2.7 and 3 M) were tested as draw solution (DS), achieving a concentration factor ranging from 1.4 to 4.4. Afterwards, the different concentrated effluents of the FO were anaerobically treated. Based on the results, the most concentrated sewage with the higher water recovery rates yielded higher methane production. The concentration of 1.2 M NaCl (similar concentration to the brine produced in seawater desalination) proves to be the most attractive solution. Ηigh water flux (Jw) can be achieved by utilizing the by-product of the reverse osmosis (RO) system as draw solution and closing the loop on the management of two non-conventional water sources.
To what extent are Bioplastics truly harmless?
Authors: Mastrolia Cristina , Giaquinto Domenico , Hasan Shadi Wajih , Zarra Tiziano , Belgiorno Vincenzo , Naddeo Vincenzo
Published: November 2022

Biodegradability is a growing interest in the field of research in Bioplastics. To what extent are we fully aware of the benign impact Bioplastic has on the environment, especially in water?
Wastewater treatment plants are the primary source of microplastic release in the hydrographical environment. Almost 56% of annual plastic is discarded (19% recycled, 25% incinerated), the majority of which is discharged in the ocean.
To reduce the negative impact of plastic waste on the environment, Bioplastics are chosen as an eco-friendly solution. Although Bioplastics are produced from renewable sources, it is a misbelief to consider all bioplastic harmless for the environment. As a matter of fact, most bioplastics are biodegradable but not compostable, a necessary criterion of sustainability. The behavior of micro-bioplastics in the aquatic environment is a complex ongoing area of research.
The aim of this work is to give insight on the overlooked damaging nature of bioplastics in both production and disposal processes.
Furthermore, a focus is placed on the recovery of bioplastics from wastewater by applying circular economy criteria and technology, including WWTPs processes.
Implementation of Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) in Cyprus focusing on the European MSPs’ good practices.
Authors: Evagorou Evagoras , Mettas Christodoulos , Tzouvaras Marios , Loulli Eleni , Prodromou Maria , Papoutsa Christiana , Themistocleous Kyriacos , Danezis Christos , Pekri Marina , Kyriakidis Phaedon , Akylas Evangelos , Aliouris Kyriakos , Ioannou Nikolas , Hadjimitsis Diofantos
Published: November 2022

The implementation of Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) in each European country aims to bring together different public authorities and stakeholders to sustainably organize and map marine and coastal resources. The first step for the development of MSP was achieved successfully for Cyprus, through the implementation of the first cross-border project, "THAL-CHOR." Following the "THAL-CHOR" project, its successor project entitled "THAL-CHOR 2", is expected to evaluate the increased needs for the management and monitoring of the maritime space, the design and implementation of relevant policies focusing on the European MSPs’ good practices and to set up the draft maritime spatial plan for the marine waters of Cyprus. The implementation was achieved by combining the principles of maritime spatial planning with issues of wider maritime governance, politics and economics while taking into account good practices by international organizations and individual states. For the study of MSP, all data from THAL-CHOR project were combined with the updated data resulting from the implementation of "THAL-CHOR 2". The project is based on the institutional framework to analyze and organize human activities at sea and coastal space to achieve the synthesis of social, economic, environmental, and cultural objectives of the Republic. The aim is to submit different MSP scenarios to be a policy proposal that will promote sustainable development in the marine area and the coastal zones, pursuing the harmonious coexistence of activities and uses, applying an approach based on principles of sustainability.
Studies on the CO2 adsorption mechanism of Na-X and Na-Ca-X coal fly ash zeolites
Authors: Boycheva Silviya , Lazarova Hristina , Zgureva Denitza , Popova Margarita
Published: November 2022

Coal fly ash zeolites (CFAZ) of Na-X and Na-Ca-X types were synthesized using as raw materials fly ashes generated by the combustion of lignite from various deposits with low and medium limestone content. It has been found that CFAZs with higher calcium content superior those containing less calcium with respect to their ability to capture CO2. This provoked our interest to elucidate the role of Ca in the CO2 adsorption process. CFAZs of Na-X and Na-Ca-X types were investigated in dynamic CO2 adsorption cycles, as the thermal regeneration of the adsorbents is carried out at low temperatures at which only the physically adsorbed molecules can be released. Desorption was investigated by thermogravimetric TG-DTG analyses over a wide temperature range.
A comparative study of alkali activated slag cement concretes with carbonate and silicate activators.
Authors: Mavroulidou Maria , Sanam Intisar
Published: November 2022

Alkali-activated cements are increasingly gaining interest as viable alternatives to Portland cement, because they are considerably reducing CO2 emissions compared to traditional Portland cements while maintaining or exceeding performance requirements commonly specified for construction applications. Experience of this type of cement shows that the results are very sensitive to mixing procedures and curing conditions. This article thus studies concretes with Na2CO3 activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) cement mixes and mixes of on Na2CO3 plus Na2SiO3 activated GGBS under different mixing and curing regimes. After studying different mixing procedures of the ingredients and their effects on the compressive strength, the most suitable mixing procedures were adopted for a series of mechanical and durability related tests using different curing conditions. The results showed that providing the carbonate in solution rather than powder form, resulted in higher strengths. Curing conditions at ambient temperature and high humidity regimes were most successful in maintaining strength development in time. All mixes had adequate strengths for structural concrete but those with Na2SiO3 developed the highest strengths at all ages and curing conditions.
‘Water Underground’: Real-time, continuous monitoring of the underground water’s quantity and quality
Authors: Georgiou Harris , Mavroforakis Michael , Malisiovas Vasilios , Psychias Constantinos , Papadimitriou Dimitrios , Sarioglou Konstantinos
Published: November 2022

Water resource management is one the most urgent aspects of environmental protection and sustainability policies world-wide. Accurate, real-time remote sensing of the status of underground reservoirs is required for proper regional planning, prevention of droughts, optimized farming etc. ‘Water Underground’ is a low-cost solution, based on a combination of Internet of Things (IoT) local sensing, Edge computing, Cloud storage, web services and Machine Learning (ML) and predictive analytics, continuously monitoring the level of underground water and its quality. Specifically, water level is monitored via an IoT apparatus providing the Static (SWL) and Pumping Water Level (PWL). Moreover, the quality of water is tracked via measuring the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP), temperature, pH, electrical-conductivity, etc. Local processing in the IoT device includes measurements’ transformations and robust adaptive control for the device’s actuators. The reservoir dynamics is tracked and modeled using Cloud-based predictive analytics. The corresponding Cloud services include long- and short-term detection of periodic trends, Drawdown (DD) patterns, prediction of SWL, predictive maintenance via PWL tracking, etc. The overall solution has received international recognition in IBM Challenge 2020 as top-7 finalist for Europe. The platform is currently under prototype deployment in several sites in the Attica region of Greece.
Environmental assessment using acoustic complexity indicators
Authors: Tsaligopoulos Aggelos , Economou Chris , Matsinos Yiannis
Published: November 2022

The procedure of sound recording offers new perspectives in ecology. Nevertheless, the existing tools that offer high resolution recordings are expensive. The use of acoustic indicators is proposed as an easy-to-use, rapid, non-intrusive, low-cost option in biodiversity assessment as well as in environmental noise management. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and prioritize acoustic indicators in terms of environmental noise management and biodiversity assessment in order to assist the development of a low cost Automated Recording Unit (ARU). The data collection areas are two similar public spaces of Mytilene, with the only difference being a differentiation regarding the levels of urbanization. A series of sound recordings were performed using a specific protocol. Signal analysis was performed using the R Statistics software. A list of spectral complexity indicators were extracted, evaluated and ranked in order for their incorporation to the ARU created. These indicator results were then visualized using the QGiS software in order to produce sound maps. In conclusion, the complexity indicators are the best solution for both biodiversity assessment and environmental noise management.
CO abatement via Ir-based catalysts: effect of the support and preparation method on catalytic activity and stability
Authors: Yentekakis I , Drosou C , Fountouli T , Stratakis Antonios , Charisiou N , Goula M
Published: November 2022

Here we report on the effect of the support and preparation method on the activity and stability of Ir-based catalysts under CO oxidation. Alunina-ceria-zirconia (ACZ: 60wt%Al2O3 - 40wt%CexZr1-xO2, x=0.25, 0.5, 0.75) mixed oxide supports with high oxygen storage capacity (OSC) were synthesized via two different methods, hydrothermal (ACZ-H) and co-precipitation (ACZ-P), and used as supports of Ir nanoparticles, so as, besides the Ce/Zr composition to also deal with the effect of the preparation method on catalytic performance. ACZ supports and counterpart Ir/ACZ catalysts were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, while catalytic measurements were conducted under excess O2 conditions (1.0% CO, 5.0% O2, balance He at 1 bar) in the temperature range of 100-400oC. Both pre-reduced and pre-oxidized catalysts were evaluated, while their sintering behavior after experiencing several sequential oxidative thermal aging steps was also studied. The results demonstrated superior textural characteristics (BET surface area and pore volume) of Ir/ACZ-H catalysts as well as stronger interaction of Ir nanoparticles and support particles than that of Ir/ACZ-P, resulting to better CO oxidation efficiency and stability. All catalysts demonstrated stable CO activity after thermal aging, reflecting beneficial influence of ACZ support on the sintering resistance characteristics of Ir nanoparticles.
Quantifying and mapping urban trees' decay severity using thermal and spatial indices: implications for tree hazard assessment and management
Authors: Zevgolis Yiannis , Troumbis Andreas
Published: November 2022

Wood decay, a crucial factor in tree stability, is an internal long-term interaction between fungi and tree that leads to the disruption of energy flow, temperature abnormalities on the tree's surface, and possible tree mortality, especially when the decay extent is close to the threshold of 33%. In this study, arboreal vegetation species’ stability in two urban parks in the city of Mytilene, Greece, was evaluated, in accordance with the tree failure criterion, by measuring the trees’ morphological traits along with their decay severity. Thermal indices were developed by analyzing tree trunks’ temperature data, and strength loss equations associated with wood decay were applied for each tree. Temperature spatial dependence across each tree’s trunk was estimated using Moran's I index, while statistically significant spatial clusters were assessed using local spatial autocorrelation statistics. Relationships between tree stability, thermal, and spatial indices, were established using linear and logistic regression models. Finally, the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic was used for the recognition of hazardous tree hotspots in the urban parks, and the kriging geostatistical procedure was applied for mapping their spatial extension. The results have shown that thermal and spatial indices can sufficiently explain decay severity, identify hazardous trees, and contribute to tree health assessment for specialized park management.
Evaluation of Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes for Nutrients Recovery from Dilute Effluents
Authors: Plakas Konstantinos , Tsaridou Charikleia , Karanasiou Anthoula , Karabelas Anastasios
Published: November 2022

Results are presented from an ongoing R&D project, aiming at full utilization of dairy-industry effluents. Development of a membrane-based method is pursued, for treatment of digestate (after fermentation yielding bio-gas) to recover nutrients (N-NH4, P-PO4) and water for reuse/recycling or safe disposal. The performance is investigated herein of four commercial nanofiltration/ultra-low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes, employed in dead-end filtration mode, for nutrients recovery from solutions simulating the liquid digestate/effluent of an anaerobic membrane-bioreactor (AnMBR). Best-performing membranes, regarding nutrients’ rejection, were assessed within a sufficiently broad range of all key process parameters, including trans-membrane pressure and feed-composition. Further testing took place in a cross-flow set-up, simulating real operating conditions. For ~80% permeate recovery, the concentrate was significantly enriched in nutrients; i.e. compared to feed-solution, N-NH4 was concentrated twice, whereas P-PO4 was concentrated by 3- to 4-times. Research with real AnMBR effluent is on-going, for process improvements/optimization, mainly focusing on composition of concentrate/nutrients (for use in liquid fertilizers), membrane-fouling mitigation and quality of permeate/water for possible reuse.
GMOs Detection With Minimal Reaction Volume Real-Time PCR For Environmental Conservation
Authors: Psallida Charoula , Argyropoulos Dimitrios
Published: November 2022

Detection of GMOs with Real-time PCR is the standard technology for tracing their presence in different sample types ranging from food to plant materials. GM plant seeds are one of the main sources for GM dispersal in the environment, affecting genetic stability and biodiversity. A certified protocol of minimal Real-time PCR reaction volume with low cost is presented, that offers the ability to identify trace amounts of GMOs in seeds, maintaining high specificity, sensitivity, efficiency and robustness (≥95%). The proposed methodology can serve also sampling for environmental monitoring, where handling of increased sample numbers is difficult or/and the sample amount is very low and precious.
Use of Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) Assays for predicting biogas production from co-digestion of food waste and compostable bags
Authors: Maragkaki Angeliki , Kattamis Savvas , Papastefanakis Nikos , Sampathianakis Ioannis , Lolos Th , Tsobanidis Christos , Velonia Kelly , Manios Thrassyvoulos
Published: November 2022

Biodegradable plastics have been introduced to the market to substitute petro-based plastics to alleviate plastic pollution. Biochemical methane potential tests were carried out on food wastes (FW), with or without pre-treatment, compostable bag and a mixture of food waste and compostable bag (CB) to examine the anaerobic biodegradability of those materials. Anaerobic tests were carried out in mesophilic (35oC) conditions. The aim of this work is to study the residuality of compostable bags in anaerobic digestion. At the end of the process, a dry mass of 26 % and 28 % was recorded for compostable bag and co-digestion of compostable bag and food waste respectively.
The CB added to the feed did not have a negative effect on reactor performance, but seemed to have higher biogas production. Moreover, co-digestion with CB improved biogas production by 0.8-1 times. The best VS removal efficiency of approximately 68% was achieved for FW & CB substrate. Therefore, when the compostable bag was used as a combination of substrate with food residues it produced larger amounts of biogas than samples containing only food residues. This result highlights the fact that the compostable bag does not adversely affect the process.
Production parameters and nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom cultivated on agricultural wastes
Authors: Diamantopoulou Panagiota , Melanouri Irene , Fourtaka Katerina , Papanikolaou Seraphim
Published: November 2022

The influence of two alternative agro-residues (barley and oat straw-ΒΟ and beech wood residues-ΒW) used as main cultivation substrates in respect to wheat straw-WS was examined on the production and quality characteristics of Pleurotus ostreatus, strain AMRL 144. Evaluation included fungal bio-transformation efficiency with respect to substrate colonization and carposome production time, biological efficiency-BE%, as well as mushroom number, size, colour and firmness. The effect of these wastes was also evaluated on moisture content, crude protein, total polysaccharides, lipid and phenolic content of whole sporophores. First mushrooms appeared 19-42 days after inoculation, with WS and BOS substrates promoting earlier sporophore initiation than BW did. As for BE%, the highest values were recorded at BOS and BW wastes (75.30% and 64.26% respectively) compared to the conventional WS. Mushroom protein content was significantly increased when BW was used (28.25% versus 11.02 in WS) and so did colour lightness in BOS (L*=78.16). Firmer mushrooms were also produced in BOS and BW substrates (7.25 N) than in WS (6.56 N), while polysaccharides were synthesised in high amount, mostly in mushrooms cultivated in BW (35.47%) and consisted mainly of glucose (in higher than 70.5% w/w). Phenolic synthesis was promoted in BO and BW (640 mg/l GAE) versus WS (400 mg/l GAE) substrates. Mushroom lipid content, on the contrary, was not affected by the substrate used.
Activated carbon-polyethyleneimine-alginate composite fiber for scavenging pharmaceuticals with different charges from aqueous solutions
Authors: Yun Yeoung , Dangi Yub , Choi Jong-Won Choi , Lim Cheryongim , Song Myung-Hee , Han Minhee , Lin Xiaoyu
Published: November 2022

Activated carbon (AC) is a potential adsorbent for water purification, though it is difficult to separate after use. To solve this problem, for the first time, the ternary composite fiber (ACPEIA) of AC, polyethyleneimine (PEI), and alginate (A) was fabricated as a multifunctional adsorbent for scavenging pharmaceuticals with different charges from the aqueous environment. The hydroxyl functional group of AC was bonded with the aldehyde group of glutaraldehyde through nucleophilic addition resulting in adduct containing free aldehyde moiety for the action of cross-linker. The aldehyde functionalized AC was crosslinked with the amino group of PEI and the hydroxyl group of A resulting in ACPEIA. The carboxyl group of ACPEIA was further crosslinked with calcium ion through ionotropic gelation to give a stable fiber. The fiber demonstrated as a scavenger for removal of model contaminants with different charges such as 1-naphthol (NPT) as neutral, diclofenac (DCF) as anionic, and amitriptyline (AMT) as cationic pharmaceuticals at pH 6.5. The fiber revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 814 µmol ¬¬g-1 for NPT, 450 µmol g-1 for DCF, and 410 µmol g-1 for AMT. FTIR and XPS spectra of the fiber before and after sorption supported the adsorption mechanism like electrostatic interaction.
Reductive Debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane and tribromoethylene by a Shrimp-Shell Biochar and Green Rust Composite
Authors: Lindhardt J. , Holm P. , Lu C. , Hansen H. C.
Published: November 2022

Simple brominated ethanes and ethylenes like 1,2-dibromoethane (DBA) and tribromoethylene (TrBE) are widespread, toxic contaminants and able to persist in soil and groundwater. Some of these compounds are used as intermediates in the production of resins and as wood preservatives. Previous uses include additives for leaded fuel and fumigants for agricultural use (Falta et al., 2005). For the corresponding chlorinated ethylenes, a combination of layered iron(II)-iron(III) hydroxides (green rust) and biochar has been reported to efficiently dechlorinate and thereby detoxify the compounds within a short time span (Ai et al., 2019). For the brominated equivalents, there is only little research on their corresponding debromination reactions, although the contaminants are often present in anoxic sediments and groundwaters (Patterson et al., 2007). In this study, it is demonstrated that various shrimp shell biochars can catalyze the abiotic debromination of tribromoethylene, 1,2-dibromoethane, cis/trans-dibromoethylene, vinyl bromide and bromoethane by green rust sulfate in aqueous solution and in groundwater samples. 1,2-dibromoethane and tribromoethylene were reduced to ethylene and acetylene respectively, within 24 hours, using a shrimp shell biochar, pyrolyzed at 900°C for 2 hours, followed by acid treatment. All reactions followed pseudo first-order kinetics. Further work is being performed on post pyrolysis treatments. Three treatments have been tested: no treatment (NT), acid treatment (AT) and acid treatment + CO2 activation (CO2). The SS900CO2 was the most reactive. The SS900NT was the least reactive. Full reduction of DBA and TrBE was observed by total molar recovery of ethylene and acetylene.
Performance Evaluation of a Portable and Cost-effective Atmospheric Particulate Matter Monitor
Authors: Bezantakos Spyros , Papaconstantinou Roubina , Hadjigeorgiou Neoclis , Marinos Costi , Biskos George
Published: November 2022

Low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensors offer high potentials in air quality monitoring. Their performance, however, strongly depends upon the materials used, their design and on the sampling and operational conditions. In this work we evaluate the performance of the latest Alphasense PM sensors under real-life outdoor and indoor conditions. Our observations highlight differences in the accuracy of these sensors, especially when sampling aerosol particles that have different properties from those used for calibration and under real-life conditions, but also high potentials for improvements.
A data-driven approach to predict phytoplankton blooms using satellite-derived water quality and hydrometeorological drivers
Authors: Kandris Kyriakos , Romas Evangelos , Tzimas Apostolis , Bresciani Mariano , Giardino Claudia , Bauer Philip , Pechlivanidis Ilias , Dessena Maria Antonietta
Published: November 2022

The present work leverages simulated hydrometeorological factors and satellite-derived chlorophyll-a to predict phytoplankton dynamics for Mulargia reservoir (Sardinia, Italy). A Random Forest (RF) model was (a) calibrated to minimize out-of-bag errors of chlorophyll-a predictions for a 5-year-long period (2015-2019), and (b) benchmarked against a naïve predicting alternative for multiple forecasting horizons. Calibration and benchmarking revealed that the RF model can predict the temporal dynamics of phytoplankton growth accurately up to ten days in advance (mean absolute scaled errors ranged from 0.5 to 0.9). Permutation variable importance metrics and the individual conditional expectation plots revealed that moderate temperatures, high soluble phosphorus loads, and low light intensities favor the occurrence of phytoplankton growth in Mulargia. This finding is consistent with the dominance of Planktothrix sp. that has been observed in the reservoir. Conclusively, this work lays the foundation for an operational forecast model to help local stakeholders with the present and future reservoir management.
A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE USE OF URINE BASED FERTILIZERS: A COMPERATIVE SURVEY WITH FARMERS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS
Authors: AKDAG Y. , OZKAN E. , BELER-BAYKAL B.
Published: November 2022

Source separated human urine, a highly concentrated solution of nutrients, may be recycled directly or indirectly for further use as fertilizer. While environmental engineers (EnvE) recommend and set the fundamentals of this practice for valorizing a wastewater stream, farmers are the immediate group to apply urine-based fertilizers (UBF) for producing crops. A preliminary survey was conducted to assess/compare the acceptance of UBF by those two groups in Turkey focusing on awareness regarding urine as fertilizer, willingness to use natural/synthetic/urine-based fertilizers, acceptance towards three different groups of products (edible crops/industrial crops/green areas) grown using UBF, and concerns about this application. Overall, the results showed that acceptance towards UBF was considerable and in general comparable for both groups. The most obvious difference in acceptance was with synthetic fertilizers which received 92% acceptance from farmers as opposed to 26% from EnvE. It was clearly stated by the farmers that they actually do not prefer to use it however they have to as there is no current alternative for increasing the crop yield. Both groups had similar and high acceptance for indirect use of UBF for all product groups up to 88%, typically 60%. However, farmers had a greater acceptance for direct use in all categories of the group of products questioned, i.e., edible crops, industrial crops and green areas. While psychological reasons were indicated as the main drawback, over 90% accepted urine diversion.
Citizens’ perceptions towards urban solid waste management system: Case Study of the Municipality of Kozani
Authors: Adamidis Theodoros , Latinopoulos Dionysis
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate, through a survey the perceptions and attitudes of citizens about urban solid waste management system in the Municipality of Kozani.
The objective of this survey is to obtain information related to: the actual behavior of citizens, the determining factors that influence and facilitate their intention to participate in recycling, their beliefs about the existing waste collection system and their perceptions of the rewarding incentives to those who actively participate in recycling processes.
A structured questionnaire survey method is used as a research tool for data collection from respondents. The design of the questionnaire is based on the recent relevant literature. The questions are mainly focused on the knowledge and attitudes of the citizens.
The results of the present study may contribute to citizens’ awareness in order to participate actively in recycling and reduce waste. Considering the research findings and final results, stakeholders could design appropriate recycling progresses and schemes, in order to improve the existing urban solid waste management system.
Non-Road Mobile Machinery Emission Inventory in forestry – first results for Croatia
Authors: Lulić Zoran , Lončarević Šimun , Ilinčić Petar , Šagi Goran
Published: November 2022

Most countries do not have an emission inventory for non-road mobile machinery. Existing inventories are usually based on assumptions, with little available data, due to various factors: a large number of machinery type, a large variety of internal combustion engines installed in non-road mobile machinery, lack of activity data etc. In this paper, an emission inventory for machinery used in forestry in Croatia is developed. Since there is no available data on the machinery, a survey was conducted. Data on fuel consumption based on fuel type and machinery type were gathered. The data were processed and, using weight factors provided by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, shown on a national level. The results are shown for two main fuel types, gasoline and diesel fuel. The resulting emission inventory is compared to emissions from road vehicles in Croatia by emission type per gigajoule of energy spent. Results show that most emissions come from tractors, forwarders and construction work machines and indicate that the proportion of emissions of non-road mobile machinery used in forestry, compared to road transport, is considerably larger than their respective proportion of energy consumption (up to 41 times).
Assessing the Environmental Impact of Maritime Transport for the Port of Mytilene with a Focus on the Emission Accounting of the Port of Arrival
Authors: Kelmalis Alexandros , Lekkas Dimitrios , Vakalis Stergios
Published: November 2022

Global accounting of the environmental impact from maritime transport is an ongoing conversation. This study introduces the idea that emissions from open-sea cruising can accounted as stock at the port of arrival. An example is presented for the case of Mytilene (for a single month) where the in-port and open sea emissions are calculated and presented. In this specific analysis, during a single calendar month, 518 individual routes were identified with 42.47% being passenger ships and 33.98% being Ro-Ro/ passenger ships. The routes with the higher impact have been identified to be the ones with the highest combination of Deadweight Tonnage and frequency of arrival. Characteristically 117 of the total routes can be attributed to vessels with Deadweight Tonnage over 3000 tons. In the later part of the work, the study discusses two important aspects that should be under consideration in the overall maritime transport analysis. Firstly, the in-port emissions with a focus on sulphur oxides and secondly the integrated accounting of shipping emissions.
Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Networks for Air Temperature forecasting
Authors: Tzanis Chris , Philippopoulos Kostas , Deligiorgi Despina , Alimissis Anastasios
Published: November 2022

In the field of climatic conditions forecasting, the linear classical time series models are inadequate for modelling and predicting accurately the air temperature variability. This work presents the novel application of nonlinear autoregressive neural networks (NAR) in air temperature forecasting. Hourly air temperature data were extracted from the Chania Airport station located at the island of Crete in Greece, for a 10-year period. The NAR is a multi-layer, dynamic, recurrent neural network that employs feedback connections for multi-horizon time series forecasting. Multiple NAR networks were trained with feedback connections for 6, 12 and 24 hours and for forecasting horizons up to 24-time steps. In the context of evaluating the performance of the trained NAR networks the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) was used and specifically the errors are examined in terms of their dependence with the atmospheric circulation. The results indicate that the use of a high degree of feedback decreases the forecasting error and increases the forecasting horizon of reliable air temperature estimation. The forecast error is dependent on the atmospheric circulation and higher MAE values are related with depressions that effect the study area.
The complex of natural enemies of invasive species Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on greenhouse-grown tomato crops conditions from southern Romania
Authors: IAMANDEI Maria , ROSCA Ioan , Radulea Madalina , CHIRILOAIE-PALADE Andrei
Published: November 2022

An obvious consequence of climate change is represented by the rapid spread and establishment of the invasive alien pest worldwide. Soon after its introduction in Romania, the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta is considered the greatest threat to protected tomato crops in the area from south of the country. Pest control is based mainly on spraying of chemical insecticides but augmentative biological control started to be used more and more by farmers. The indiscriminate use of pesticides against T. absoluta may result in undesirable consequences and effects including toxicity to non-target organisms. Gaining knowledge about indigenous natural enemies that adapt to this invasive species is essential for establishing safer and eco-friendly strategy of control. A complex survey on the T. absoluta natural enemies was conducted in 2020 in four localities from the main greenhouse-grown vegetable cultivation areas in southern Romania. The list of T. absoluta antagonists includes eleven predators and three parasitoids species. The paper also examines how differences in technology and protection means, currently used by farmers, influence these natural enemies’ diversity and dynamics by providing useful information for understanding their role in ecosystem services and a base for further modeling and development of sustainable IPM programs.
Evaluation of viable anode material for bioelectricity production in Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Ghosh Uttam , Gautam Rahul , Nayak Jagdeep
Published: November 2022

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology is based on bioelectrochemical system, extract power from organic load of the wastes to produce bio-electricity. The present study have evaluated the effect of the different electrode materials in two sets of mediator-less H- type double chambered MFC operated at 30 ± 2 °C in a batch mode. In MFCGG, graphite rods (G) and in MFCCBG carbon brush (CB) and graphite rod (G) were used as anode and cathode electrode respectively. The both MFC were fed with distillery spent wash as a substrate with HRT of 21 days. The maximum COD removal of 61.07 % and 67.17 %; open circuit voltage (OCV) of 565 and 735 mV were achieved in MFCGG and MFCCBG respectively. The peak power densities of 3.19 W/m2 and 5.4 W/m2 were recorded in MFCGG and MFCCBG. These results suggest the efficacy of carbon brush anode in MFCCBG compared to graphite rod as an anode material in MFC for bioelectricity production.
Simulation of an urban flash flood: the 2017 flood event in Mandra, Attica
Authors: Bellos Vasilis , Handrinos Spyridon , Sibetheros Ioannis
Published: November 2022

This study deals with the 2D flood simulation of an urban flash flood event that took place on November 15, 2017 in Mandra, Attica. The well-known hydrodynamic software HEC-RAS was used for the flood simulation. The model input was an ensemble of 100 hydrographs, derived from the simulation of the rainfall-runoff process of the Agia Aikaterini catchment, which flows into Mandra. The study focuses on a grid search-based calibration of the model parameters, by comparing simulation results to post-flood field data. A Morris-based sensitivity analysis was used in order to reduce the number of parameters to be calibrated and therefore reduce the dimensions of the problem and the computational cost. Five parameters were selected for the sensitivity analysis: a) the Manning coefficient of the city roads; b) the Manning coefficient of urban blocks characterized by low roughness; c) the Manning coefficient of urban blocks characterized by high roughness; d) the confidence interval of the empirical distribution of the 100 hydrographs ensemble; e) the energy slope used for the downstream boundaries. It was found that the parameters with the most significant impact were the input hygrograph’s confidence interval (first) and the Manning coefficient of the city roads (second).
Desalinated Water and Power for a Seaside Hotel: A Case Study using Off-grid Solar and Wind
Authors: Tadeo Fernando , Tounsi Ashraf , Ghamgui Mariem
Published: November 2022

A hybrid combination of solar and wind energies for a remote seaside hotel is analyzed. More specifically, a hotel in Hammamet, Tunisia, powered by photovoltaic panels and a wind turbine is evaluated, with water generated by desalination using reverse osmosis. This isolated accommodation establishment is off-grid, having to produce its own drinking water, energy for cooking, lighting, etc. The power balances in these PV-wind-desalination systems is strongly influenced by the sunshine, the wind, and the demand. Based on an analysis of needs, the system is then sized. The variable nature of renewable energy sources, combined with unpredictable changes in load, require the simultaneous implementation of high power and high energy density storage systems. Thus, an storage system by lead-acid batteries for power and an elevated storage tank is considered, developing an autonomous microgrid connected to a variable charge. The system was validated by simulations (performed by Matlab/Simulink), based on data from the location, allowing us to predict the dynamic behavior. The simulation results validate the performance of the system.
Chemical And Isotopic Characterization Of The Thermal Fluids In The South-western Margin of the Loutros-Feres-Soufli Tertiary Basin in Northern Greece. Case Study: Geothermal Area of Aristino
Authors: Tassi Maria , Dalampakis Paschalis , Spyridonos Evangelos , Karalis Petros , Dotsika Elissavet , Pagonis George
Published: November 2022

In this work we examine the hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of the thermal fluids in the Aristino geothermal area in the southwestern margin of the Loutros-Feres-Soufli Tertiary basin (LFS), which is located west of Evros river in Northeastern Greece, in order to identify their possible origin and the expected procedures responsible for the alteration of the initial composition of them. The studied fluids are characterized by high Cl¯ and Br¯ contents, which indicate a higher or lower marine contribution. Furthermore, the elevated B and Li+ values and the low Mg2+ values respectively, are related to high temperatures indicative of water-rock interaction procedures. Additionally, we observe an enrichment of δ18O values, which is another indicator of water-rock interaction that occurs in areas with high thermal potential. Finally, we attempt to evaluate the deep reservoir temperatures with the application geothermometers. Their values reflect an equilibrium process with the probable existence of a deep hydrothermal system of middle to high enthalpy.
Use of ornamental plants in floating treatment wetlands for greywater treatment in buildings: preliminary results
Authors: Stefanatou Aimilia , Schiza Spyridoula , Petousi Ioanna , Rizzo Anacleto , Masi Fabio , Fyllas Nikolaos , Fountoulakis Michalis
Published: November 2022

Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), have been recognized by many researchers for their efficiency in removing pollutants and thus improving wastewater quality. Despite their wide use for treating various types of wastewater, little is known about their efficiency in greywater treatment. In this study, ten FTWs planted with climbing and ornamental plants were examined for the performance of greywater treatment in the island of Lesvos, Greece. More specifically, Canna indica an ornamental flower plant and Hedera helix an ornamental climbing plant, were established in a pilot scale FTWs experiment, under natural weather conditions. The main operational variables in the experimental set-up design of the FTWs were (a) the presence /absence of plants, (b) the use of two different floating mats (polypropylene, geotextile), and (c) the use of two different water depths (30 cm and 40 cm). The determination of the optimal pollutant removal and plant growth regarding the different variables was investigated. In parallel, plant growth traits as well as water quality parameters were measured on a biweekly basis.
Conversion of agro-industrial wastes into non-toxic protein-rich food additives by basidial fungi strains isolated from diverse ecosystems of Georgia
Authors: Kvesitadze Giorgi , Tsiklauri Nino , Khvedelidze Rusudan , Kutateladze Lali , Sadunishvili Tinatin
Published: November 2022

Great interest to basidial fungi is determined by their potential to convert number of lignocellulosic wastes into nontoxic compounds, cheap food, pharmaceuticals, etc. The majority of basidial fungi strains are characterized by high activity of enzymes degrading plant biopolymers, including lignin, which attracts special attention because of their use in different industries and medicine. Among 53 tested basidial fungi strains best results were obtained by Pleurotus drynus IN11 and Ganoderma sp. GV02 strains while growing on orange wastes, where 20% and 27% of protein, respectively, and up to 50% of carbohydrates were accumulated. After 10 - 20 days of solid state fermentation (SSF) in the same biomass the content of lignin was detected only in trace amounts. The content of microelements was (mg/kg): calcium 1200 - 6200, potassium 2100 - 2800, and sodium 90 - 708. Further investigation of strains allowed selection of active producers of soluble polysaccharides among which Pleurotus ostreotus and the representatives of genus Ganoderma sp. (10 - 14 g/L) were the most active. During the submerged fermentation (SF) the highest potential to produce extracellular antioxidants were detected in several strains of Ganoderma sp. (up to 6 g/L). Some selected Ganoderma strains expressed very high laccase extracellular activity (about 125000 U/L).
Preliminary assessment of groundwater Hydrogeochemistry in Kanye Area, SE Botswana
Authors: Tafesse Nata , Mapeo Read Brown , Laletsang Kebabonye , Segobaetso1 Tshenolo K.
Published: November 2022

A hydrogeochemistry study was conducted in Kanye region, located in south east of Botswana, to determine the main composition controlling mechanisms in the groundwater chemistry of the area. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. The samples were analyzed for major cations, anions and some trace elements such as As, Ba, Br, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. To determine the mechanism of salinization and water–rock interaction bivariate graph of the parameters Ca2+ + Mg2+ versus HCO3−+ SO42− was used. The groundwater is neutral to alkaline and fresh. The dominant cations in the groundwater are magnesium and calcium, and the dominant anions are bicarbonate and chloride. The prevailing hydrochemical facies is Mg-Ca-HCO3. The major composition controlling mechanisms in the groundwater chemistry of the area was identified as silicate weathering.
A review on the potential use of flammable gases from sewage systems as a source of energy
Authors: Ghaffari Maryam , Paurine Alex , Ali Shazia , Mavroulidou Maria
Published: November 2022

The demand for natural resources has increased exponentially due to the consistent growth of the global population and urbanization. This has resulted to considerable environmental challenges that are potentially affecting the global sustainable development goals. Therefore, it is important to develop sustainable strategies to manage urban wastes as well as produce and utilize energy. Flammable gases being generated from the sewage systems can be a prospective renewable resource of energy. However, existing studies suggest that the potential of sewage gas utilization for energy production has not been explored effectively. This paper focuses on identifying key design elements of sewage systems in an Anaerobic Digester (AD) to optimize the process of conversion of human waste into energy source. The paper uses a kinetic model to describe the fermentation process and thus evaluating the effect of key parameters on biogas (specifically methane) gases production in an anaerobic digester environment.