bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Important Fruit Characteristics of Apricot (cv. Aprikoz) Accessions Grown in Kagizman District in Turkey
Authors: KARATAŞ Neva
Published: April 2021

With their rich nutrients, fantastic flavor and taste, excellent medicinal value and health
care functions, apricot has been continuously well received by consumers as important horticultural
crop. The fruit has a great market value as fresh and dried food commodity and has the highest market
share of agricultural income. Aprikoz an important apricot cultivar in particularly grown in western part
of Aras valley located in Eastern Anatolia in Turkey. With long growing period, different types of
Aprikoz cultivar has been shown in field in terms of tree and fruit characteristics. This study aimed to
determine of some important fruit characteristic of eight accession of Aprikoz cultivar grown in
Kagizman district located in western part of Aras valley. The accessions were compared each other in
terms of fruit weight, flesh/seed ratio, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, total antioxidant capacity
and total phenolic content. The results revealed that accessions statistically highly differed from each
other for all of the searched parameters. The accessions exhibited fruit weight, fruit flesh/seed ratio,
soluble solid content and titratable acidity between 36.55 - 48.22 g, 8.67 - 13.33, 19.12 - 22.83% and
1.27 - 2.02%, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity varied from 4.17 to 6.37 mmol AA l-1 based on
FRAP assay. The total phenolic contents ranged between 255 - 356 mg GAE l-1. The results can be the
basis for the selection of suitable accessions for future breeding activities in apricot.
Taguchi Deneysel Tasarım Yöntemi Kullanılarak Bromfenol Mavisi Biyosorpsiyonunun Modellenmesi ve Denge İzotermleri
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Dilek , GÜMÜŞ Fatih
Published: April 2021

Su ortamında boyaların varlığı, ekosistem kalitesini olumsuz etkilediği için küresel bir sorundur. Tehlikeli boyaların biyosorpsiyon yöntemiyle ayrılması düşük maliyetli ve etkili bir yöntem olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. ve Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd biyosorbent olarak kullanılarak sulu çözeltiden Bromfenol Mavisinin giderimi çalışılmıştır. Taguchi deney tasarımında L9 (33) ortogonal dizi (OD) kullanılarak başlangıç pH değeri (2, 7, 12) başlangıç boya konsantrasyonu (25, 50, 75 mg L-1) ve temas süresi gibi (30, 150, 270 dk) kontrol edilebilir 3 faktör ve her faktörün 3 farklı seviyesinin biyosorpsiyon sürecindeki istatistiksel ilişkileri araştırılmış ve sistemin optimizasyonu yapılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda parametrelerin optimum değerleri F. fomentarius ile biyosorpsiyonda temas süresi 270 dk, başlangıç pH değeri 2 ve başlangıç boya konsantrasyonu 50 mg L-1, T. versicolor ile biyosorpsiyonda temas süresi 150 dk, başlangıç pH değeri 2 ve başlangıç boya konsantrasyonu 50 mg L-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen ptimum
koşullardaki boya giderim verimleri F. fomentarius için %78.34, T. versicolor için %69.28 olarak bulunmuştur.
Biyosorpsiyon izotermleri Langmuir ve Freundlich denklemleri kullanılarak modellenmiştir. F. fomentarius ile yapılan deneylerde en iyi model uyumu Freundlich izotermi ile T. versicolor ile yapılan deneylerde en iyi uyum Langmuir izotermi ile sağlanmıştır. Giderim performansları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda her iki biyosorbentin de boya endüstrisi atıksularının gideriminde düşük maliyetli ve etkili biyosorbentler olarak değerlendirilebilecekleri sonucuna varılmıştır.
Kanser Biyobelirteci Alfa-Fetoproteinin Elektrokimyasal Tayini İçin Tek Kullanımlık Etiketsiz Yeni AFP İmmünosensörünün Geliştirilmesi
Authors: ERDEM Kadir , BİLGİ KAMAÇ Melike
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmada, bir kanser biyobelirteci olan alfa-fetoproteinin (AFP) elektrokimyasal tayini için tek kullanımlık yeni etiketsiz immünosensör geliştirilmiş ve insan kan serumu numunelerinde uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada yüzey baskılı karbon elektrotlar (SPCE) ilk olarak indirgenmiş grafen oksit (RGO) ile modifiye edilmiş ardından elektropolimerizasyon tekniği uygulanarak elektrot yüzeyi polinötral kırmızı (PNR) ile kaplanmış, son olarak elektrodepozisyon metodu ile altın nanoparçacıklar (AuNP) yüzeyde oluşturulmuştur. SPCE/RGO/PNR/AuNP elektrodunun elektrokimyasal karakterizasyonu dönüşümlü voltametri (CV), diferansiyel puls voltametri (DPV) ve kare dalga voltametri (SWV) metotları kullanılarak yapılmıştır. SPCE/RGO/PNR/AuNP elektrotların yüzeyine Anti-AFP’nin immobilizasyonu 3-merkaptopropiyonik asit (3-MPA) ve 1-etil-3-(3-dimetilamino-propil) karbodiimid/N-hidroksisüksinimid (EDC/NHS) kullanılarak kovalent bağlama yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hazırlanan AFP immünosensörünün optimum çalışma parametreleri DPV ve SWV metotları ile belirlenmiştir. DPV ve SWV metotları ile belirlenen doğrusal tayin aralıkları 1-500 ng mL-1, tespit limitleri ise sırasıyla 0.79 ng mL-1 ve 0.86 ng mL-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. AFP immünosensörünün tekrarlanabilirliği 50 ng mL-1 AFP konsantrasyonu için test edilmiş ve bağıl standart sapma (R.S.D.) değerleri DPV ve SWV metotları için sırasıyla %4.06 (n=10) ve %3.68 (n=10) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Geliştirilen AFP immünosensörünün uygulama kararlılığı 60 gün boyunca, depolama kararlılığı ise 12 hafta depolama süresince voltametrik metotlarla incelenmiştir. Hazırlanan AFP immünosensörleri insan serumu örneklerine bilinen miktarda ilave edilen farklı konsantrasyonlardaki AFP’nin analizi için kullanılmış ve %95’in üstünde geri kazanımlar elde edilmiştir.
Synthesis and Enantiomeric Recognition Studies of Novel C2-Symmetrical Chiral Tetra-Amide Compounds
Authors: SÜNKÜR Murat , TİĞİZ Züleyha , CEBE Deniz , ARAL Tarık
Published: April 2021

Two novel C2-symmetrical chiral tetraamide compounds derived from (S)-isoleucine were synthesised and their enantiomeric recognition abilities towards enantiomers of some amino acid esters and 1-arylethylamins were examined by UV-titration method. These receptor compounds exhibited strong complexation (with Ka up to 5787.23 M-1) and very good enantioselectivity (up to KaS/KaR= 13.98).
Giresun Tombul Fındık (Corylus avellana L.) Yağının Serviks, Meme ve Kolon Kanser Hücrelerinde Sitotoksik ve Antianjiyojenik Aktivitesi
Authors: GÜNER Adem , GÜNER Özlem , KARABAY Ülkü
Published: April 2021

Corylus avellana L. çoğunlukla Giresun’da yetişen dünyanın en kaliteli fındık türlerinden biridir. Bu çalışma, Giresun Tombul fındık yağının (0.5, 5 ve 50 mg L-1) antikanser ve antianjiyojenik aktivitelerini değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sitotoksisite insan serviks, kolon ve meme kanseri hücreleri üzerinde MTT ve laktat dehidrojenaz salım (LDH) analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Hücrelerin oksidatif durumu, toplam oksidatif stres (TOS) ve toplam antioksidan kapasite (TAK) yöntemleriyle ortaya konulmuştur. Anti-anjiyojenik aktiviteyi değerlendirmek için civciv koryoallantoik membran (HET-CAM) deneyi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlarımız, C. avellana yağının özellikle serviks kanseri hücrelerinde daha fazla olmak üzere, serviks ve kolon kanseri hücrelerinin (sırasıyla IC 50 = 6.5 ± 0.35 mg L-1 ve IC 50 = 26.2 ± 3.15 mg L-1) canlılığını önemli ölçüde inhibe ettiğini göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, fındık yağ örneği, LDH salınımında önemli bir inhibisyona yol açarak sitotoksisite ile doğrusal bir korelasyon sergilemiştir. C. avellana yağ örneği konsantrasyona bağlı bir şekilde serviks ve kolon hücrelerinin TAK seviyelerinde önemli bir artışa neden olurken, TOS seviyelerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli azalmaya yol açmıştır. Aynı zamanda, C. avellana yağ örneği yüksek konsantrasyonlarda anti-anjiyojenik etkinlik göstermiştir. Sonuçlar, Giresun fındığının umut verici bir antikanser ajan olduğunu ve bununla birlikte terapötik etkinliğini ortaya koymak için daha ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermiştir.
Effect of locally isolated phosphate-solubilizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa IBP26 on the growth parameters of chickpea seedling
Authors: COGENDER Muhammed Emin , ARSLAN Nazlı Pınar , AYDOĞAN Mehmet Nuri
Published: April 2021

This work was conducted to examine the effect of locally isolated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the growth parameters of chickpea seedling cultivated in pots containing Ca3(PO4)2 (tricalcium phosphate). Among the isolated strains, the highest phosphate-solubilizing activity in the broth medium was observed for the isolate IBP26. Similarly, in the greenhouse study, the same isolate was determined to cause maximum increases in growth parameters (shoot and root length, total biomass, phosphorus, total sugar, and protein contents) of chickpea plants in the presence of Ca3(PO4)2. The isolate IBP26 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GenBank accession number: MW092004). Experiments demonstrated that the application of the bacterium alone in the absence of Ca3(PO4)2 or the application of Ca3(PO4)2 alone in the absence of bacterium did not cause significant change in growth parameters of the chickpea plants, and that the desired increases in the growth parameters of these plants could be achieved by the co-application of bacterium and Ca3(PO4)2.
Yem Fabrikalarında Kapasite Kullanımının Üretim ve Ekonomik Performans Açısından Değerlendirilmesi: Samsun İli Örneği, Türkiye
Authors: BAŞER Uğur , BOZOĞLU Mehmet
Published: April 2021

Yem fabrikalarının tarımsal ürünlerin işlenmesi, istihdam oluşturma ve ihracatla döviz getirisi sağlama gibi önemli ekonomik katkıları söz konusudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yem fabrikalarında kapasite kullanım oranına bağlı olarak yem üretim maliyetini belirlemek ve atıl kapasiteden kaynaklı ekonomik kaybı ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın materyalini Samsun ilinde karma yem üreten 3 fabrikadan anket yoluyla elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Yem fabrikalarında yem üretim maliyeti kısmi maliyet yaklaşımıyla, fabrikaların ekonomik kayıpları ise GSÜD, brüt kar, net kar ve nispi karın hesaplanmasıyla ortaya konulmuştur. Yem fabrikalarının yıllık ortalama kapasite kullanım oranı %55.43, yem üretim miktarı 161,493 ton, yem üretim masrafı ise 162.99 milyon TL’dir. Yem üretim masrafının %88.9’unu değişken masraflar, %11.1’ini sabit masraflar oluşturmaktadır. Fabrikalarda ortalama 1 kg yem üretim maliyeti 1.009 TL olup, birim maliyet tam kapasiteyle çalışan fabrikada 0.992 TL, orta kapasiteyle çalışan fabrikada 1.014 TL, düşük kapasiteyle çalışan fabrikada ise 1.018 TL’dir. Fabrikaların ortalama gayrisafi üretim değeri 183.4 milyon TL, ortalama brüt karları 38.4 milyon TL, ortalama net karları ise 20.4 milyon TL’dir. Yem fabrikalarında eksik kapasiteyle çalışılmasından dolayı üretimde %44.78’lik (597.52 bin ton), GSÜD’de %55 (672.45 milyon TL), brüt karda %54.13 (136.11 milyon TL), net karda ise %53.12’lik (69.38 milyon TL) bir kayıp yaşanmıştır. Kapasite kullanım oranının artırılması, üretim maliyetlerini azaltırken brüt ve net karın artmasını sağlayacaktır. Yem sanayine yapılacak yatırımların fizibiliteye dayandırılmasıyla birlikte, üretimin uluslararası piyasalara açılması, yaşanan ekonomik kayıpların önlenmesine ve sektörün rekabet gücünün artırılmasına önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır.
Effects of 4-Ethyl Resorcinol and 5-Methylresorcinol on Human Carbonic Anhydrase-I and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: GÜLLER Pınar
Published: April 2021

Carbonic Anhydrase-I (CA-I) is the most abundant CA isozyme expressed in human erythrocytes and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. CA-I acts in promoting biocalcification. It is well known that inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (CAIs) are widely used in the remedy of some diseases such as edema, glaucoma, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and osteoporosis. So, in this study, it was aimed to analyze primer effects of 4-ethylresorcinol and 5-methylresorcinol on hCA-I and to clarify inhibition profiles of compounds. For this purpose, firstly hCA-I was isolated from human erythrocytes by affinity chromatography. Secondly, in vitro inhibition studies were performed and interactions between compounds and enzyme were explained via molecular docking study. Both 4-ethylresorcinol and 5-methylresorcinol inhibited the enzyme competitively with Ki constant of 0.81±0.23 and 0.79±0.14 μM. According to molecular docking analysis estimated free energy of binding of compounds were predicted as -4.81 and -4.51 kcal.mol-1 respectively.
Grafen Katkılı Nişasta Filmlerinin Dielektrik Özelliklerinin Geniş Frekans Aralığında İncelenmesi
Authors: TORĞUT Gülben , GÜRLER Nedim
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, gliserol ile plastikleştirilmiş patates nişastası (PN) filmlerine, farklı oranlarda (% 0.5, 1, 2) grafen (G) eklenerek döküm yöntemi ile hazırlanmış filmlerin dielektrik sabiti, dielektrik kayıp ve kayıp tanjantı gibi bazı dielektrik özelliklerinin frekansla değişimleri incelendi. PN’nın saf hali ve G ile hazırlanmış kompozitlerinin (PNG0.5, PNG1 ve PNG2) dielektrik sabiti (έ), dielektrik kayıp faktörü (ε՛՛) ve kayıp tanjantı (tanδ) değerleri oda sıcaklığında frekansın bir fonksiyonu olarak (100 Hz ile 10 kHz arasında) empedans analizör cihazı ile belirlendi. Nişastanın 1 kHz sabit frekans ve oda sıcaklığındaki dielektrik sabiti, dielektrik kayıp ve kayıp tanjantı değerleri sırasıyla 9.20, 4.45 ve 0.48 olarak bulundu. Ayrıca, farklı oranlarda G miktarının (ağırlıkça %0.5, %1 ve %2) filmlerin dielektrik özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi araştırıldı. G konsantrasyonu arttıkça dielektrik sabiti, dielektrik kayıp ve kayıp tanjantı değerlerinde, saf nişastaya göre önemli artış olduğu gözlendi.
The Effect of Storage Temperature on the Composition of Fatty Acids in Crimson Sweet (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) Watermelon Cultivar Seeds
Authors: ZARIFIKHOSROSHAHI Mozhgan , ERGUN Zeynep
Published: April 2021

Crimson Sweet is one of the favorite watermelon cultivars with high sugar content and great flavor containing small and dark seeds. Both fruit flesh and seeds have high nutrition content. In order to evaluate new sources of oil for the growing population, watermelon seed oil is used in some nations. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the fatty acid profile of differentially stored Crimson Sweet watermelon seed oil in this study. The results indicated that seeds are rich in Omega 6 fatty acid (40.62-42.34%). The amount of this essential fatty acid was higher at samples stored at 4oC. Palmitic, oleic, and stearic acids are the main fatty acids followed by linoleic acid in Crimson Sweet watermelon, respectively. Moreover, the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acids was determined as 1.16, 1.20, 1.27 (room temperature, 4oC, and newly harvested, respectively) which are in the desirable range for qualified oil.
Bir Rüzgâr Enerji Santralinin Güç Kapasitesine Bağlı Olarak Üretebileceği Elektrik Enerjisi Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi – Artvin İli Örneği
Authors: ERDOĞAN Durukan , YİĞİT Kenan , ACARKAN Bora
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, Weibull olasılık yoğunluk fonksiyonu ve simülasyon yaklaşımı kullanılarak Artvin ili Merkez ilçesinin rüzgâr enerjisi potansiyeli hesaplanmıştır. Weibull olasılık yoğunluk fonksiyonun şekil ve ölçek parametrelerinin hesaplanmasında ortalama ve standart sapma, moment, enerji örneği, grafik, maksimum olabilirlik ve modifiye edilmiş maksimum olabilirlik yöntemleri kullanılarak 24 metre, 59 metre ve 120 metre kule yüksekliğindeki rüzgâr hızlarının modellenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu modellemelerin R2, RMSE, MSE ve X2 yöntemleri ile hata analizleri yapılarak en tutarlı matematiksel yöntemin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca 100 kW, 1 MW ve 5 MW kurulu güce sahip rüzgâr enerji santrali için kapasite faktörleri hesaplanmış ve üretilebilecek elektrik enerjisi potansiyeli analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma neticesinde maksimum olabilirlik ve modifiye edilmiş maksimum olabilirlik yöntemlerinin hata oranı en az olan yöntemler olduğu saptanmıştır. Daha yüksek rakımlarda daha yüksek enerji üretim potansiyelinin sağlanacağı ve daha yüksek kurulu güce sahip rüzgâr enerji santralinin en iyi kapasite faktörünü ihtiva edeceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Weibull olasılık yoğunluk fonksiyonu ve simülasyon yaklaşımı sonucunda Artvin ilinin yıllık elektrik enerjisi ihtiyacının 100 kW kurulu güce sahip bir sistem ile %0.036 ila %0.075 oranında, 1 MW güce sahip bir sistem ile %0.384 ila %0.773 oranında, 5 MW güce sahip bir sistem ile %1.983 ila %4.051 arasında karşılanabileceği tahmin edilmiştir.
Salvia officinalis (Tıbbi Adaçayı) Bitkisinin Bazı Abiyotik Stres Faktörlerine Yanıtları
Authors: ELMAS Sinem
Published: April 2021

Salvia officinalis (tıbbi adaçayı) türünün dünyada kullanım alanı ve pazar talebi giderek artmaktadır.
Son yıllarda ülkemizin farklı illerinde yetiştiriciliği yapılmakta olan bu türün her yıl dünya çapında pek çok
ülkeye ihraç edilmesiyle önemli miktarlarda döviz girdisi elde edilmektedir. İç ve dış pazarda önemli bir yere
sahip olan Salvia officinalis yetiştiriciliğinde kalite ve verim söz konusu olduğunda çevresel faktörlerin bitki
üzerine etkilerinin bilinmesi önemlidir. Bu derlemede Salvia officinalis yetiştiriciliği uygulamalarında bitkilerin
bazı abiyotik stres faktörlerine verdikleri yanıtlar araştırılmıştır. Araştırmalarda farklı abiyotik streslerin Salvia
officinalis türünde farklı tepkileri tetiklediği anlaşılmıştır. Bazı abiyotik stres faktörlerinin Salvia officinalis
üzerinde avantaj olarak görülebilecek en önemli etkisi ise, fitofarmakon olarak kullanılabilecek etkili bileşiklerin
istenen konsantrasyonlarının söz konusu stres faktörlerinin, yetiştiricilikte kasıtlı olarak uygulanması ile elde
edilebilir olmasıdır.
Electrical Characterization of CdO Based Au/p-Si Rectifier
Authors: YILMAZ Mehmet
Published: April 2021

Cadmium oxide (CdO) film was developed using a chemical spray pyrolysis technique on the p-type silicon (p-Si) substrate. The solution of the CdO was obtained by dissolving cadmium acetate salt in a mixture of distilled water and methanol. High-quality Au and Al contacts were evaporated on the polished and unpolished side of p-Si, respectively to create 4Au/CdO/p-Si/Al device architecture. In this context, four Au/CdO/p-Si/Al devices that were arbitrarily favored were analyzed and compared in depth. Current-Voltage (I-V) measurements were carried out to find out the performance of the CdO interlayer in the Au/p-Si device. The obtained data were analyzed using the Thermionic emission theory, Norde, and Cheung approach. Results indicated that CdO films grown by simple chemical spray pyrolysis technique could be used as barrier modifiers in Au/p-Si rectifier device.
Evaluation of Some Characteristics of Local Oat Genotypes Collected from the Central and Western Black Sea Region
Authors: MUT Zeki , ERBAŞ KÖSE Özge Doğanay , AKAY Hasan , SEZER İsmail
Published: April 2021

In this study, 251 oat populations and 4 oat cultivars collected from 10 provinces (Düzce, Bolu, Zonguldak, Karabük, Kastamonu, Ordu, Sinop, Samsun, Amasya ve Tokat) in the Central and Western Black Sea region were used. According to the results of the two-year, it was determined that there were significant differences between years and genotypes in terms of all characteristics examined. Year × genotype interaction was found to be significant only for the number of spikelet per panicle, the number of kernels per panicle, kernel weight per panicle, kernel length and groat percentage. In the study, a large variation was determined among genotypes in terms of characteristics examined, and the panicle length ranged from 21.27 to 37.70 cm, number of spikelet per panicle from 26.08 to 75.35 pieces, number of kernel per spikelet from 1.64 to 2.43 pieces, number of kernel per panicle from 51.54 to 155.00 pieces, kernel weight per panicle from 1.44 to 4.85 g, thousand-kernel weight from 18.55 to 38.41 g, kernel length from 9.81 to 15.72 mm, kernel width from 1.96 to 2.94 mm, groat percentage 51.85 to 77.78 % and glume length from 18.12 to 29.76 mm.
Mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed in Saudi Arabia: review of occurrence and toxicity
Authors: Althagafi Alisraa Mohammed , Alshegifi Hamad Majob , Qussyier Thamer Salem , Tobaiqy Mansour , Abdalbasit Mariod
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Mycotoxins are reported to have a considerable impact on the health of consumers. There has been plentiful research into the effects of mycotoxins, fungi, and bacteria on the safety and quality of food and feed. This research paper reviews the literature on mycotoxins. Study objects and methods. The study focused on mycotoxins in food and feed produced in Saudi Arabia. We reviewed literature on the occurrence and health impacts of foodborne mycotoxins. We also studied the presence of mycotoxins in herbs, nuts, cereals, dried fruits and vegetables, infant formulas and baby foods, as well as dairy products. Finally, the paper offers a review of mycotoxin analysis methods. Results and discussion. The findings showed that mycotoxins attract a lot of scientific interest in Saudi Arabia. Certain types of mycotoxins (zearalenone, aflatoxins) and fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Aspergillus niger) were common in the samples (isolates) of products tested in the Saudi regions. Furthermore, the researchers used different techniques of analysis such as the HPLC method, dilution plate method, thin layer chromatography, total plate count method, and seed-plate method to detect, identify, and isolate mycotoxins. Conclusion. Most importantly, the results showed that mycotoxins have serious health impacts on consumers and most of the contamination cases are caused by improper storage conditions and/or inappropriate handling and harvesting practices.
Predictive modelling of the stage–discharge relationship using Gene-Expression Programming
Authors: Birbal Prashant , Azamathulla Hazi , Leon Lee , Kumar Vikram , Hosein Jerome
Published: April 2021

Modelling the hydrologic processes is an essential tool for the efficient management of water resource systems. Therefore, researchers are consistently developing and improving various predictive/forecasting techniques to accurately represent a river's attributes, even though traditional methods are available. This paper presents the Gene-Expression Programming (GEP) modelling technique to accurately model the stage–discharge relationship for the Arouca River in Trinidad and Tobago using only low flow data. The proposed method uses the stage and associated discharge measurements at one cross-section of the Arouca River. These measurements were used to train the GEP model. The results of the GEP model were also compared to the traditional method of the Stage–Discharge Rating Curve (SRC). Four statistical paraments namely the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (R), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Relative Error (MARE) and Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) were used to evaluate the performance of the GEP model and the SRC method. Overall, the GEP model performed exceptionally well with an R2 of 0.990, RMSE of 0.104, MARE of 0.076 and NSE of 0.957.
Взаимосвязь самоотношения и глазодвигательных паттернов при восприятии женщинами собственного лица
Authors: Яровая Наталья П. , Аравийская Елена Р. , Зуева Вероника С. , Скуратова Ксения А. , Шелепин Евгений Ю.
Published: April 2021

Введение. Доказывается актуальность исследования окуломоторной активности при восприятии собственного лица в контексте самоотношения. Анализ глазодвигательной активности позволяет лучше понять перцептивные стратегии восприятия собственной внешности и изучить их взаимосвязь с механизмами самоотношения. Новизна заключается в изучении восприятия собственного лица с применением айтрекинга на психически здоровой выборке женщин и сопоставление полученных метрик с самоотношением женщин. У молодых женщин восприятие собственных привлекательных черт и недостатков связано с компонентами самоотношения, включающими оценку окружающих; для женщин зрелого возраста более характерен механизм, ориентированный на внутренние процессы своего Я.

Методы. Использовались психодиагностический метод («Опросник самоотношения» В. В. Столина, С. Р. Пантилеева), структурированное интервью, психофизиологический метод айтрекинга. Обследована 31 женщина в возрасте от 20 до 48 лет.

Результаты. У молодых женщин обнаружена статистически значимая взаимосвязь между: индексом внимания к привлекательным чертам внешности и такими компонентами самоотношения, как аутосимпатия (r = 0,581), самообвинение (r = –0,589), самоинтерес (r = 0,543), самопонимание (r = 0,509); процентом времени, уделяемым просмотру привлекательных черт внешности, и интегральной шкалой самоотношения (r = 0,513); процентом времени, уделяемым просмотру недостатков внешности, и отношением Других (r = 0,616), самообвинением (r = 0,522). У зрелых женщин коррелируют: индекс внимания к привлекательным чертам внешности и самоуважение (r = 0,610); общее время просмотра собственного лица и самоинтерес (r = 0,524); процент времени, уделяемый просмотру недостатков внешности, и самоуважение (r = –0,548).

Обсуждение результатов. Рассматриваются два механизма восприятия собственной внешности, в зависимости от возрастной группы респондентов. Экстернальный механизм самовосприятия характерен для молодых женщин, интернальный – для зрелых женщин. Делается вывод о практической значимости исследования и возможности применения врачами-косметологами, пластическими хирургами и психологами.
Имплицитная расовая идентичность российских школьников на этапе коммитмента
Authors: Гудзовская Алла А. , Мышкина Марина С.
Published: April 2021

Введение. Актуальность исследования расовой идентичности обусловлена условиями транзитивности современного социального пространства, взаимопроникновением разных культур, значимостью расовой идентичности в расово неоднородных обществах, примером которых является российское общество, в котором исторически представлены две расы: европеоидная и монголоидная. Новизна исследования заключается в рассмотрении проблемы имплицитной расовой идентичности у российских детей. Вводится понятие этапа коммитмента как проявления интереса к другим группам, независимо от осознанности или имплицитности собственной идентичности. Концептуальным основанием исследования являются: теория социальной идентичности и социальной категоризации Г. Тэджфела, Дж. Тернера, коммитмент-подход в моделях формирования расовой идентичности Ю. В. Ставропольского, Дж. Марсиа.

Методы. Исследование основано на эксперименте с предпочтениями. Испытуемым предлагались фотоизображения лиц европеоидной, монголоидной, экваториальной рас разного пола. Они должны были выбрать партнера для взаимодействия в личной или социальной сфере. Фиксировались количество выборов и количество категорий, использованных испытуемыми в ходе эксперимента. Применялись статистические критерии, однофакторный дисперсионный анализ.

Результаты. Раздел содержит данные экспериментального исследования, проведенного на выборке из 290 человек (четыре возрастные подгруппы) от 7 до 11 лет. Значимых различий между возрастными подгруппами (1, 2, 3 и 4 классы) по расовым предпочтениям не получено. На расовые предпочтения влияет фактор пола. Ведущим фактором, влияющим на предпочтения при выборе партнера для взаимодействия по фотоизображению, является пол партнера, свой или противоположный.

Обсуждение результатов. Авторы интерпретируют результаты выбора партнера для взаимодействия как отражение имплицитной идентичности. Отмечается незначительное влияние критерия «расовая идентичность» в процессе социальной категоризации российскими младшими школьниками. Российские школьники проявляют интерес к взаимодействию с детьми всех рас, т. е. их имплицитная расовая идентичность находится на этапе коммитмента.
Recent Trend for EGFR-Based and ALK-Based Targets: A Patent Analysis
Authors: Zhang Hai-Long , Li Yiqian
Published: April 2021

Background:

Epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase play
key roles in tumorigenesis and disease progression. Currently, targeted therapy is a better approach
for cancer therapy compared with traditional chemotherapy. EGFR-based/ALK-based target therapies
are key targets for drug development in cancer therapy.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to show a recent trend in research and development of
EGFR-based/ALK-based targets and to better understand the Intellectual Property surrounding
EGFR-based and ALK-based targets.

Methods:

EGFR-based and ALK-based targets were analyzed by comprehensive US patent analysis.
US patents of EGFR-based/ALK-based targets were analyzed from September 2001 to September
2020.

Results:

The results indicated that the key technologies and methods of EGFR-based/ALK-based
targets were developed by large global pharmaceutical companies or American companies/universities.
Small molecular inhibitors showed a higher percentage in the number of patents of EGFRbased
targets. In addition, the present study also showed recent small molecular targeted drugs approved
by FDA.

Conclusion:

Global large pharmaceutical companies and American companies/universities have
obvious advantages in the research and development of targeted drugs. EGFR-based target was still
an attractive target for research and drug development in the past 10 years. Also, large global pharmaceutical
companies prefer to complete key technology research and development by independent
innovation instead of collaboration.
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Introduction to the Theme
Authors: Lisco Giuseppe , Giagulli Vito Angelo , Iovino Michele , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Pergola Giovanni De , Triggiani Vincenzo
Published: April 2021

Background:

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural or synthetic compounds
deriving from different human activities and are widely spread into the environment, contributing
to indoor and outdoor pollution. EDCs may be conveyed by food and water consumption
and skin, airways, placental, and breastfeeding. Upon entering the circulation, they can interfere
with endocrine system homeostasis by several mechanisms.

Aim:

In this narrative review, the authors overviewed the leading mechanisms by which EDCs interact
and disrupt the endocrine system, leading to possible human health concerns.

Results:

The leading mechanisms of EDCs-related toxicity have been illustrated in in vitro studies
and animal models and may be summarized as follows: receptor agonism and antagonism; modulation
of hormone receptor expression; interference with signal transduction in hormone-responsive
cells; epigenetic modifications in hormone-producing or hormone-responsive cells; interference
with hormone synthesis; interference with hormone transport across cell membranes; interference
with hormone metabolism or clearance; interference with the destiny of hormone-producing or hormone-
responsive cells.

Discussion:

Despite these well-defined mechanisms, some limitations do not allow for conclusive
assumptions. Indeed, epidemiological and ecological studies are currently lacking and usually refer
to a specific cluster of patients (occupational exposure). Methodological aspects could further complicate
the issue since these studies could require a long time to provide useful information. The
lack of a real unexposed group in environmental conditions, possible interference of EDCs mixture
on biological results, and unpredictable dose-response curves for some EDCs should also be considered
significant limitations.

Conclusion:

Given these limitations, specific observational and long-term studies are needed to
identify at-risk populations for adequate treatment of exposed patients and effective prevention
plans against excessive exposure to EDCs.
“Ayurvedic System”: A New Possible Safe and Effective way to get Rid of
this Critical COVID-19 Pandemic Situation- A Review
Authors: Ashique Sumel , Sandhu Navjot K.
Published: April 2021

:

The COVID-19 virus has become the most threatening infectious disease all over the
world. From the beginning of the pandemic till today, a large number of researches have been conducted
and are still going on to develop appropriate therapeutics that can prevent and cure this viral
infection successfully. But unfortunately, modern western medicine could not find any effective
drug that has no toxic effects on the host cell. TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) has shown
promising effects against COVID-19. The TCM contains naturally occurring herbal decoctions,
which have shown promising blocking of viral progression in the host cell. The ayurvedic formulations
containing homeopathic medicine, unani medicine and yoga altogether can counteract the
virus. However, the traditional medicine system is unable to cure properly, but it can be a possible
prevention strategy to stop this virus’ pandemicity. This review focuses on how ayurvedic
medicines, homeopathic treatment strategies and yoga can impact on preventing viral infection.
The Impact of Tourism in East Africa
Authors: Storch Anne , Mietzner Angelika
Published: April 2021

This book explores the relationship between imperial formations and individual encounters at African tourist sites. It examines how encounters between tourists and hosts tend to be constructed along colonial thought lines and shows that ruination is omnipresent in postcolonial tourist settings. This book is open access under a CC BY ND licence.
Sexual Health Influencer Distribution of HIV/Syphilis Self-Tests Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: Secondary Analysis to Inform Community-Based Interventions
Authors: Yang Nancy , Wu Dan , Zhou Yi , Huang Shanzi , He Xi , Tucker Joseph , Li Xiaofeng , Smith Kumi M , Jiang Xiaohui , Wang Yehua , Huang Wenting , Fu Hongyun , Bao Huanyu , Jiang Hongbo , Dai Wencan , Tang Weiming
Published: April 2021

Background

Social network–based strategies can expand HIV/syphilis self-tests among men who have sex with men (MSM). Sexual health influencers are individuals who are particularly capable of spreading information about HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) within their social networks. However, it remains unknown whether a sexual health influencer can encourage their peers to self-test for HIV/syphilis.

Objective

The aims of this study were to examine the impact of MSM sexual health influencers on improving HIV/syphilis self-test uptake within their social networks compared to that of nonsexual health influencers.

Methods

In Zhuhai, China, men 16 years or older, born biologically male, who reported ever having had sex with a man, and applying for HIV/syphilis self-tests were enrolled online as indexes and encouraged to distribute self-tests to individuals (alters) in their social network. Indexes scoring >3 on a sexual health influencer scale were considered to be sexual health influencers (Cronbach α=.87). The primary outcome was the mean number of alters encouraged to test per index for sexual health influencers compared with the number encouraged by noninfluencers.

Results

Participants included 371 indexes and 278 alters. Among indexes, 77 (20.8%) were sexual health influencers and 294 (79.2%) were noninfluencers. On average, each sexual health influencer successfully encouraged 1.66 alters to self-test compared to 0.51 alters encouraged by each noninfluencer (adjusted rate ratio 2.07, 95% CI 1.59-2.69). More sexual health influencers disclosed their sexual orientation (80.5% vs 67.3%, P=.02) and were community-based organization volunteers (18.2% vs 2.7%, P<.001) than noninfluencers. More alters of sexual health influencers came from a rural area (45.5% vs 23.8%, P<.001), had below-college education (57.7% vs 37.1%, P<.001), and had multiple casual male sexual partners in the past 6 months (25.2% vs 11.9%, P<.001).

Conclusions

Being a sexual health influencer was associated with encouraging more alters with less testing access to self-test for HIV/syphilis. Sexual health influencers can be engaged as seeds to expand HIV/syphilis testing coverage.
A Peer-to-Peer Live-Streaming Intervention for Children During COVID-19 Homeschooling to Promote Physical Activity and Reduce Anxiety and Eye Strain: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zheng Yingfeng , Wang Wei , Zhong Yuxin , Wu Fengchun , Zhu Zhuoting , Tham Yih-Chung , Lamoureux Ecosse , Xiao Liang , Zhu Erta , Liu Haoning , Jin Ling , Liang Linyi , Luo Lixia , He Mingguang , Morgan Ian , Congdon Nathan , Liu Yizhi
Published: April 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to worldwide school closures, with millions of children confined to online learning at home. As a result, children may be susceptible to anxiety and digital eye strain, highlighting a need for population interventions.

Objective

The objective of our study was to investigate whether a digital behavior change intervention aimed at promoting physical activity could reduce children’s anxiety and digital eye strain while undergoing prolonged homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

In this cluster randomized controlled trial, homeschooled grade 7 students at 12 middle schools in southern China were recruited through local schools and randomly assigned by the school to receive (1:1 allocation): (1) health education information promoting exercise and ocular relaxation, and access to a digital behavior change intervention, with live streaming and peer sharing of promoted activities (intervention), or (2) health education information only (control). The primary outcome was change in self-reported anxiety score. Secondary outcomes included change in self-reported eye strain and sleep quality.

Results

On March 16, 2020, 1009 children were evaluated, and 954 (94.5%) eligible children of consenting families were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Children in the intervention (n=485, 6 schools) and control (n=469, 6 schools) groups were aged 13.5 (SD 0.5) years, and 52.3% (n=499) were male. The assigned interventions were completed by 896 children (intervention: n=467, 96.3%; control: n=429, 91.5%). The 2-week change in square-root–transformed self-reported anxiety scores was greater in the intervention (–0.23, 95% CI –0.27 to –0.20) vs control group (0.12, 95% CI 0.09-0.16; unadjusted difference –0.36, 95% CI –0.63 to –0.08; P=.02). There was a significant reduction in square-root–transformed eye strain in the intervention group (–0.08, 95% CI –0.10 to 0.06) compared to controls (0.07, 95% CI 0.05-0.09; difference –0.15, 95% CI –0.26 to –0.03; P=.02). Change in sleep quality was similar between the two groups.

Conclusions

This digital behavior change intervention reduced children’s anxiety and eye strain during COVID-19–associated online schooling.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04309097; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04309097
An Online Calculator to Better Understand the Impact of False-Negative COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction Test Results in the Context of Anesthesia Providers
Authors: Runnels Sean , Pearson John Frederick , Samuels Jon Dean , Panchamia Rohan Kirit
Published: April 2021

What does the COVID-19 false-negative exposure problem mean in the context of a local anesthesia practice? We present a customizable online calculator designed to quantify and better understand individual and aggregate provider exposure risk.
Psychological Crisis Intervention for COVID-19 Lockdown Stress in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Survey Study and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Cyranka Katarzyna , Dudek Dominika , Małecki Maciej Tadeusz , Matejko Bartłomiej , Klupa Tomasz
Published: April 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the worldviews of most people. Social isolation after the COVID-19 lockdown has not only led to economic difficulties but also resulted in adverse psychological reactions. As in most countries, including Poland, this situation has been very challenging for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In Poland, a crisis intervention team for patients with T1DM was established. The goal of the team was to provide psychological support for these patients, if needed, and to present information concerning how these patients may obtain medical consultations and prescriptions.

Objective

We aimed to analyze the psychological parameters and main emotional reactions of patients with T1DM during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods

An email with information concerning the possibility of having a web-based consultation with psychologists and psychiatrists and an attached set of psychological tests was sent to all patients with T1DM who were under the care of an outpatient diabetes clinic. The consultations were performed by licensed clinical psychologists and psychologists. This study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland.

Results

The patients who decided to use psychological support had statistically higher levels of anxiety (state P=.043; trait P=.022), stress (P=.001) than those of patients from the group who did not seek support.

Conclusions

The presented intervention team may be perceived as an example of important and successful cooperation and communication between specialists of different fields of medicine (diabetology, psychiatry, and psychology) in a crisis situation.
Survey of Residency Directors’ Views on Entrepreneurship (Preprint)
Authors: Tam Emily K , Dong Xuezhi
Published: April 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Medical students enter the medicine field with fresh ideas that may make them great entrepreneurs. However, medical students are uncertain about how the program directors of their desired residency would view them if they pursued business opportunities. We surveyed residency directors to obtain their views on medical students’ entrepreneurship experiences. This viewpoint article aims to help American medical students who are interested in health innovations understand how their interests and entrepreneurial experiences may affect how they are viewed by residency program directors. Most program directors had favorable views of medical students with experience in entrepreneurship, and they believed that the innovative traits gained from such experiences would add to the program.
An Online Calculator to Better Understand the Impact of False-Negative COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction Test Results in the Context of Anesthesia Providers (Preprint)
Authors: Runnels Sean , Pearson John Frederick , Samuels Jon Dean , Panchamia Rohan Kirit
Published: April 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

What does the COVID-19 false-negative exposure problem mean in the context of a local anesthesia practice? We present a customizable online calculator designed to quantify and better understand individual and aggregate provider exposure risk.
New Internet-Based Warfarin Anticoagulation Management Approach After Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement: Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Zhu Zhihui , Li Chenyu , Shen Jinglun , Wu Kaisheng , Li Yuehuan , Liu Kun , Zhang Fan , Zhang Zhenhua , Li Yan , Han Jie , Qin Ying , Yang Yu , Fan Guangpu , Zhang Huajun , Ding Zheng , Xu Dong , Chen Yu , Zheng Yingli , Zheng Zhe , Meng Xu , Zhang Haibo
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Mechanical heart valve replacement (MHVR) is an effective method for the treatment of severe heart valve disease; however, it subjects patient to lifelong warfarin therapy after MHVR with the attendant risk of bleeding and thrombosis. Whether internet-based warfarin management reduces complications and improves patient quality of life remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to compare the effects of internet-based warfarin management and the conventional approach in patients who received MHVR in order to provide evidence regarding alternative strategies for long-term anticoagulation.

METHODS

This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial with a 1-year follow-up. Patients who needed long-term warfarin anticoagulation after MHVR were enrolled and then randomly divided into conventional and internet-based management groups. The percentage of time in the therapeutic range (TTR) was used as the primary outcome, while bleeding, thrombosis, and other events were the secondary outcomes.

RESULTS

A total of 721 patients were enrolled. The baseline characteristics did not reach statistical differences between the 2 groups, suggesting the random assignment was successful. As a result, the internet-based group showed a significantly higher TTR (mean 0.53, SD 0.24 vs mean 0.46, SD 0.21; P<.001) and fraction of time in the therapeutic range (mean 0.48, SD 0.22 vs mean 0.42, SD 0.19; P<.001) than did those in the conventional group. Furthermore, as expected, the anticoagulation complications, including the bleeding and embolic events had a lower frequency in the internet-based group than in the conventional group (6.94% vs 12.74%; P=.01). Logistic regression showed that internet-based management increased the TTR by 7% (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.09; P<.001) and reduced the bleeding and embolic risk by 6% (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.92-0.96; P=.01). Moreover, low TTR was found to be a risk factor for bleeding and embolic events (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83-0.91; P=.005).

CONCLUSIONS

The internet-based warfarin management is superior to the conventional method, as it can reduce the anticoagulation complications in patients who receive long-term warfarin anticoagulation after MHVR.

CLINICALTRIAL

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800016204; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=27518

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032949
Introduction of Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine–Clinical Terms Coding Into an Electronic Health Record and Evaluation of its Impact: Qualitative and Quantitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Pankhurst Tanya , Evison Felicity , Atia Jolene , Gallier Suzy , Coleman Jamie , Ball Simon , McKee Deborah , Ryan Steven , Black Ruth
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

This study describes the conversion within an existing electronic health record (EHR) from the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision coding system to the SNOMED-CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine–Clinical Terms) for the collection of patient histories and diagnoses. The setting is a large acute hospital that is designing and building its own EHR. Well-designed EHRs create opportunities for continuous data collection, which can be used in clinical decision support rules to drive patient safety. Collected data can be exchanged across health care systems to support patients in all health care settings. Data can be used for research to prevent diseases and protect future populations.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to migrate a current EHR, with all relevant patient data, to the SNOMED-CT coding system to optimize clinical use and clinical decision support, facilitate data sharing across organizational boundaries for national programs, and enable remodeling of medical pathways.

METHODS

The study used qualitative and quantitative data to understand the successes and gaps in the project, clinician attitudes toward the new tool, and the future use of the tool.

RESULTS

The new coding system (tool) was well received and immediately widely used in all specialties. This resulted in increased, accurate, and clinically relevant data collection. Clinicians appreciated the increased depth and detail of the new coding, welcomed the potential for both data sharing and research, and provided extensive feedback for further development.

CONCLUSIONS

Successful implementation of the new system aligned the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust with national strategy and can be used as a blueprint for similar projects in other health care settings.

CLINICALTRIAL
Количественный фазовый анализ материалов цементного производства
Authors: Герасименко Н.Н.
Published: April 2021

Представлен метод комбинированного фазового анализа с предварительным определением элементного состава поликристаллических материалов с помощью системы Smart X-Combo, состоящей из двух настольных приборов: волнодисперсионного рентгенофлуорес­центного спектрометра (XRF) и рентгеновского дифрактометра (XRD). Проведено сравнение с традиционным фазовым анализом, в котором применяются расчеты по методу Боге. На примере портландцемента показаны преимущества комплексного подхода к оценке фазового состава порошковых образцов.