bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Study Of Foreign Bodies In The Aerodigestive Tract In National Ear Care Centre, Kaduna, Nigeria: 10 Years Retrospective Review
Authors: Shofoluwe Nurudeen Adebola , Omodele Abdulrahman , Nasir Saheed Babatunde , Sanni Rasheedat , Lawal Jamila
Published: June 2022

Background: Aerodigestive foreign bodies (FBs) are a general problem for otolaryngologist. Although aerodigestive FBs are typically seen in younger children, they are present in both children and adults. FBs are normally ingested or aspirated mistakenly, but occasionally occur due to suicidal attempt. This is a report on the number, nature, sites of impaction, clinical presentation, methods of removal and treatment outcome of patients with upper aerodigestive FBs in an urban hospital in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data from patients case files and theatre records from January 2010 to December 2019. Data extracted included sociodemographics, clinical presentation, operative management and follow-up visits outcome. Results: A total of 129 patients (92 males and 37 females) were included in the study. Mean age was 28.0 ± 12.74 years. Sixty-nine (53.5%) patients were aged between 1 and 10. Eighty-five (65.9%) patients presented to the hospital within 24 hours. Dysphagia, odynophagia, drooling of saliva and pointing sign were the commonest presentation. Metallic objects (27.9) and nuts (6.2%) were the commonest FBs found. Most of the FBs were lodged at the level of the cricopharyngeus 44(34.1%) and in the right main bronchus 19(14.7%). Majority of the patients had rigid oesophagoscopy or bronchoscopy with a success rate of 91.5% and 76.6% respectively. Conclusion: Aerodigestive FBs are common in our practice. Metallic items are found commonest, affecting mainly children between the ages of 24 and 48 months. Majority of our patients arrived within 6-24 hours of the occurrence and managed successfully with endoscopic procedures.
Pattern And Presentation Of Suspected Sexual Assault: A 10-year Review In Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital
Authors: Abubakar Idris Suleiman , Garba Zainab , Takai Idris Usman , Muhammad Suleiman Daneji
Published: June 2022

Background: Sexual assault is a widespread crime often associated with short term and potential long term significant physical and psycho-social distress. Objective: To determine the pattern and presentation of suspected sexual assault in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) from January 2008 to December 2017. Methodology: A retrospective review of patients who presented to AKTH with suspected sexual assault from 2008 to 2017 was done. Case records were retrieved and relevant information extracted on a proforma. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 23 statistical software. Results: There were 102 cases of suspected sexual assault which represents 0.4% of all gynaecologic consultations. The mean age was 12.9 ± 8.8years with a range of 3-40 years. Thirty-eight (61.3%) of the survivors were children below 10 years and over a third (41.9%) of them were assaulted in their homes. Children less than 10 years were more likely to be assaulted by their neighbours (χ2=0.814, p-value 0.013). There is a statistically significant relationship between the age of the survivor and time of assault as children below 10 years were assaulted more in the afternoon (Fishers exact, p-value <0.001). More than half of the survivors presents to the hospital within 24 hours after the assault. Forty percent of the survivors had repeated sexual assault and mostly through the vagina. Thirty-four (54.8%) of the survivors had HIV screening done and 12 (19.4%) had high vaginal swab while post-exposure prophylaxis was done in 9.7%. Only 36.3% of the post-pubertal survivors were given emergency contraceptives and 28 (45.2%) of them had follow-up visits. Conclusions: The incidence of sexual assault was found to be low in this study with the survivors mostly young children below 10 years and the assailant known to them. There is delay in presentation and disclosure of the incident. Management was mostly incomplete as a lot of the victims were lost to follow up. We recommend that a proforma should be developed to capture all the necessary and relevant information from survivors and assailants with regards to the potential medico-legal pitfalls associated with it.
Sociodemographic, Obstetric And Psychological Factors Associated With Depression In Vesicovaginal Fistula Patients In Kano, North Western Nigeria
Authors: Takai Musa Gambo , Sale Shehu , Uwakwe Richard , Rabiu Ayyuba , Abubakar Idris Suleiman
Published: June 2022

Background: Women with vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) are predisposed to depression. Studies have shown that there are certain factors that increase the risk for depression among these women. However, only a few studies explored these factors among VVF patients in northern Nigeria. Objective: This study aimed at bridging the gap by determining the socio-demographic, obstetric and psychological factors associated with depression in VVF patients in Kano. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out among women awaiting surgery at the Laure fistula center in Kano, from 1st January, 2014 to 31st October, 2014. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the socio-demographic, obstetric and psychological variables of the participants. Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, and the depression module of Mini International Neuro-Psychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) were subsequently administered on the participants. Data obtained was analysed using the Statistical Software for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Three hundred and ninety women with VVF aged 18-52 years (Mean= 25.00, SD= 6.37) participated in the study. Out of that, 141 (36%) were depressed. Factors that were independently associated with depressive disorder in women with VVF include; divorce, stillbirth, age older than 23 years, past history of psychiatric illness, not having Islamic education and living with fistula for more than one year. Conclusion: Depression is common among women with VVF. Care givers of these women should be aware of the factors that predispose them to depression with the aim of early detection and referral to specialist centers.
Extensively Drug Resistant Acinetobacter Species From Burns Sepsis At A Tertiary Hospital In Northwest Nigeria: Case Series
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed , Jimoh Olarewaju , Aliyu Shamsudin , Idris Muktar
Published: June 2022

Background: Acinetobacter species are organisms with low virulence; however, they cause infections in immunocompromised patients. Studies of extensively drug resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter are rare in Nigeria. This organism poses a significant threat and challenge in the management of burns patients particularly as the pipeline for newer antimicrobials is drying up. Most available recommended antimicrobials are toxic, expensive and not readily available especially in low income countries. Case series: Case 1: A 25 year old nursing mother who presented with inhalational and 19.5% flame burns involving the head, neck, trunk, and both upper/lower limbs. She developed sepsis after eight days while on admission. Specimens (sputum, blood, tissue biopsy) all yielded Acinetobacter baumannii. Case 2: Is a 29 year old lady who had road traffic accident and was admitted with 38% flame burn injury involving both lower limbs, part of the upper limbs, buttocks, abdomen and the back. She developed sepsis ten days while on admission. Blood and tissue biopsy specimens yielded Acinetobacter baumannii. Case 3: A 29 year old male gas plant worker presented with inhalational and 63% flame burn injury involving both upper and lower limbs, trunk, neck, buttocks, back, and abdomen. He developed sepsis two weeks later while on admission. Blood and tissue biopsy specimens yielded Acinetobacter iwoffii. Specimens from all three (3) cases were processed using conventional biochemical and Microbact 24E identification system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using modified Kirby-Bauer single disc diffusion method, and results interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) 2021 guidelines. Cases 1 and 3 were treated with combination antibiotherapy while case 2 had monotherapy. Conclusion: We present case series of three patients with difficult to manage burns sepsis caused by XDR Acinetobacter species. Combination antibiotherapy was effective. We recommend active surveillance of burns patients in all hospital as well as strengthening infection prevention and control practices
El juego y la actividad física, movimientos de vida
Authors: Romero Manuel , Maturell Eddys , Fuentes Maizie
Published: June 2022

Este libro cuyo título es: El juego y la actividad física, movimientos de vida, conlleva valorar las dimensiones de juego y la de la actividad física en el contexto del movimiento del ser humano frente al ejercicio físico, entramado de relaciones que no escapan a la educación, su potencial de socialización y de desarrollo de cultura. La dimensión educación, se revaloriza y reconfigura a partir de su acción pedagógica orientada a la formación de un hombre nuevo en una sociedad situada en el conocimiento, lo que implica una configuración de modos de comportamiento personal y social auténticamente humanos en el plano del desenvolvimiento de la persona. La condición de humanidad crece en el contexto que favorece el desarrollo neuronal como práctica, uso y manejo de los aportes de la tecnología educativa, lo que encauza una educación realmente liberadora que no sólo está basada en el diálogo, la criticidad, la participación, la autonomía, sino también en el juego y la creatividad condición que favorece el surgimiento y la formación integral del estudiante.
TÌNH TRẠNG DINH DƯỠNG CỦA HỌC SINH NỮ DÂN TỘC THÁI LỨA TUỔI 15 CƯ TRÚ Ở HUYỆN THUẬN CHÂU, TỈNH SƠN LA NĂM 2021
Authors: Trần Thị Minh , Trần Khánh Thu , Nguyễn Thế Tiệp
Published: June 2022

Mô tả cắt ngang được tiến hành trên 209 học sinh sinh năm 2006 ở 3 trường THCS tại huyệnThuận Châu tỉnh Sơn La nhằm đánh giá tình trạng dinh dưỡng (TTDD) của trẻ. Sử dụng chỉ sốZ-Score BMI theo tuổi để đánh giá tình trạng dinh dưỡng. Kết quả cho thấy cân nặng và chiềucao trung bình của đối tượng nghiên cứu lần lượt là 45,2 ± 4,4 kg và 152,6 ± 5,1 cm. Giá trị trungbình chỉ số HAZ (chiều cao/tuổi), BAZ (BMI/ theo tuổi) là -1,24 ± 0,73 và -0,29 ± 0,64. Tỷ lệhọc sinh bị suy dinh dưỡng thấp còi là 12,4% trong đó thể vừa là 10,5% và thể nặng là 1,9%. Tỷlệ gầy còm là 0,5%.
TÌNH TRẠNG DINH DƯỠNG VÀ THÓI QUEN ĂN UỐNG, SINH HOẠT CỦA LƯU HỌC SINH LÀO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC TÂY BẮC NĂM 2020
Authors: Phạm Thị Thanh Tú , Lê Đức Cường , Nguyễn Văn Công
Published: June 2022

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá tình trạng dinh dưỡng (TTDD) và thói quen ăn uống, sinh hoạt của lưuhọc sinh Lào trường Đai học Tây Bắc năm 2020, từ đó đưa ra khuyến nghị dinh dưỡng phùhợp cho lưu học sinh. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả có phân tích qua một cuộc điều tra cắtngang trên 298 lưu học sinh Lào trường Đại học Tây Bắc về các chỉ số nhân trắc dinh dưỡngvà một số thói quen ăn uống, sinh hoạt. Kết quả: Chiều cao trung bình của nam là 165,3 ± 6,6cm, của nữ là 154,6 ± 5,6 cm; cân nặng trung bình của nam là 61,6 ± 8,3 kg, của nữ là 51,5 ±7,5 kg. Tỉ trọng mỡ trung bình của nam là 17,2 ± 6,9, của nữ là 28,7 ± 7,6. Tỷ lệ lưu học sinhthiếu năng lượng trường diễn (chronic enerry deficiency- CED) là 8,1%, trong đó tỷ lệ CEDở lưu học sinh nữ cao hơn so với nam (14,1% và 3,1%). Tỷ lệ lưu học sinh thừa cân - béo phì(TC-BP) chung là 9,8% trong đó tỷ lệ thừa cân là 8,1%, tỷ lệ béo phì là 1,7%. Tần suất sử dụngcác đồ ăn chiên rán >4 lần/tuần chiếm 13,1%, 44% lưu học sinh sử dụng các đồ uống có cồn từ1-2 lần/tuần, 2% lưu học sinh sử dụng từ 3-4 lần/ tuần, có 90,9% đối tượng nghiên cứu khônghút thuốc lá, tỷ lệ lưu học sinh có tham gia các hoạt động thể thao chiếm 84,2%. Kết luận:Các lưu học sinh Lào trong nghiên cứu có tỉ lệ CED là 8,1 % và TC-BP là 9,8%.
TÌNH TRẠNG DINH DƯỠNG CỦA TRẺ EM 36-59 THÁNG TUỔI TẠI MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG MẦM NON TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN THÀNH PHỐ SƠN LA NĂM 2015
Authors: Khúc Thị Hiền , Nguyễn Hữu Chính , Nguyễn Hữu Tước , Hà Anh Đức , Nguyễn Văn Lệ , Bùi Thị Nhung
Published: June 2022

Mục tiêu: Mô tả tình trạng dinh dưỡng của trẻ em 36-59 tháng tuổi tại một số trường mầm non trên địa bàn thành phố Sơn La năm 2015. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang 2471 trẻ em 36-59 tháng tuổi tại thành phố Sơn La, tỉnh Sơn La nhằm đánh giá tình trạng dinh dưỡng. Kết quả: Chiều cao, cân nặng trung bình của trẻ nam cao hơn trẻ nữ (p<0,05). WAZ trung bình là -1,12 ± 0,87; HAZ trung bình là -1,57 ± 0,85 và WHZ trung bình là -0,31 ± 1,13. WHZ khác nhau theo nhóm tuổi, giới tính và nhóm dân tộc (p<0,05). Tỷ lệ trẻ suy dinh dưỡng thể nhẹ cân là 13,3%; SDD thể thấp còi là 31,0 % và SDD thể Gày còm là 5,3%. Tỷ lệ thừa cân/béo phì chiếm 3,2%. Tỷ lệ thừa cân/béo phì ở nam cao hơn nữ. Kết luận: Chỉ số Z-Score của trẻ em 36-59 tháng tuổi tại thành phố Sơn La thấp (WAZ, HAZ, WHZ <0), thấp nhất là chỉ số HAZ.
HỘI CHỨNG CHUYỂN HÓA CỦA NGƯỜI TRƯỞNG THÀNH ĐẾN KHÁM TẠI VIỆN DINH DƯỠNG NĂM 2020
Authors: Nguyễn Trọng Hưng , Bùi Thị Thúy , Ngô Thị Thu Huyền
Published: June 2022

Mục tiêu: Xác định tỷ lệ mắc Hội chứng chuyển hóa (HCCH) của người trưởng thành đếnkhám tại Viện Dinh dưỡng năm 2020. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả trên 117đối tượng từ 20-60 tuổi đến khám tại Viện Dinh dưỡng năm 2020. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ mắc HCCHchung là 14,5%, tỷ lệ mắc HCCH thấp nhất ở nhóm tuổi 20-29 tuổi (9,1%), cao nhất ở nhóm50-59 tuổi (30%) và không có sự khác biệt giữa các nhóm BMI. Trong số các yếu tố thànhphần của HCCH, tỷ lệ mắc cao nhất là giảm HDL-C (37,6%), tiếp theo là tăng triglycerid máu(29,1%), béo bụng (22,2%), tăng glucose máu (22,2%), tăng huyết áp (21,4%). Trong số ngườimắc HCCH, tỷ lệ mắc 3 thành tố cao nhất (70,6%), tiếp theo là 4 thành tố (29,4%) và 5 thànhtố (0%). Kết luận: Tỷ lệ mắc HCCH của người trưởng thành đến khám tại Viện Dinh dưỡngtương đối cao, tỷ lệ mắc cả 3 thành tố của HCCH tăng theo nhóm BMI, sự khác biệt có ý nghĩathống kê.
Identification of Content Information and Functionalities to Design an Online Pharmacy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pourasad Mohammad Hossein , Norouzi Somayeh , Khajouei Reza
Published: June 2022

Context: Many pharmacies provide pharmaceutical services through information technology. Many people also prefer online pharmaceutical services to face-to-face services. Online pharmacies can facilitate access to pharmaceutical services. When designing an online pharmacy system, designers need to know the content information, features, characteristics, and facilities of online pharmacies. Objectives: The present study aimed to systematically collect and provide content information, features, characteristics, and facilities of online pharmacy systems. Data Sources: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus until July 2021. Study Selection: Two authors independently reviewed and evaluated the primary studies and examined the content information, features, characteristics, and facilities in three categories: Study characteristics, system attributes, functionality and services. Data Extraction: From 2005 to July 2021, related keywords were found. Books, animal studies, conference papers, and letters to editorial were excluded. Only English-language papers were included. Results: From 3,028 extracted papers, 16 met the inclusion criteria and entered the study. After screening the papers, 35 content information, features, characteristics, and facilities were examined. None of the plentiful content information, features, characteristics, and facilities found in this study followed the same rules and regulations. Conclusions: The present findings showed that online pharmacy systems are somewhat different in terms of content information and other properties. Depending on some circumstances, some parameters may or may not be used in an online pharmacy system. If international standards and rules are developed in the design of online pharmacy systems, which ultimately makes it easier to use. Also The design process will be easier for designers.
Approaches to family-school relationships: Examples from Serbia and Australia
Authors: Ljubičić Natalija
Published: June 2022

Strong communication and cooperation between the family and the school is one of the most important factors contributing to students' learning, identity and well-being. This research aimed to support Serbian policy makers and school authorities to engage more effectively with families as children transition to the first years of school. By drawing on the experiences of Serbian parents who live in Australia and Australian teachers, and considering contemporary educational literature on family-school engagement, it was hoped to identify strategies that might be employed to encourage Serbian school communities to strengthen communication with families and foster improved cooperation between parents and teachers in the early years of school. This study used a qualitative research approach (semi-structured questionnaires and follow-up interviews) to explore parents' and teachers' perceptions and experiences of building and sustaining family-school partnerships in each context. Analyses of Serbian parents' and teachers' views of family-school interactions during the transition-to-school period indicated that families had limited, if any, communication with the school and were rarely involved in their children's learning, including classroom activities and extracurricular events. Analyses of Australian parents' and teachers' perceptions of their transition-to-school engagement experiences indicated that communication and cooperation between family and school were common and frequent. The findings from this study identified a range of suggestions that Serbian schools might adopt to strengthen and sustain communication, engagement and cooperation with families, particularly during the period when children begin school.
Rock and a Hard Place: A Blowout in the Arctic
Authors: Spicer W. Wylie
Published: June 2022

The Arctic is one of the last frontiers. It is a potential source of abundant mineral resources. The consequences of a casualty caused by oil & gas exploration and exploitation are not internationally regulated. This paper considers how this situation has arisen and what may be done to remedy it.
Forecasting Pack Ice Blockage Events at St John's Harbour, Newfoundland: An Empirical Approach and Development of Ship Alert and Advisory Tables
Authors: Turnbull Ian , McKenna Richard , Taylor Rocky , Sarracino Robert
Published: June 2022

Supply vessels for the Grand Banks oil and gas industry have faced 25 ice blockage events entering St. John’s Harbour, Newfoundland from 1979-2005. We propose an empirical approach to forecasting the occurrence of 8-10/10ths total ice concentration at the harbour, and tables for alerting and advising ship personnel on the likelihood of such an event based on offshore winds, surface ocean currents, and ice conditions. These events are primarily controlled by the strength and character of an ocean current gyre and the ice conditions over a large area offshore St. John’s Harbour.
A Case Study of ice Management for Exploration Floating Drilling
Authors: Hamilton Jed , Holub Curtis , Shafrova Svetlana , Blunt Joshua , Foltz Raymond , Ritch Ron
Published: June 2022

Oil and gas exploration in high-Arctic offshore locations may require floating drilling capability in the presence of sea ice due to the limited open water season and the potential for temporary pack ice intrusions during the nominal open water season. To aid in the evaluation of efficacy and reliability of potential operations in ice, ExxonMobil has focused on documentation of ice interaction scenarios based on observed historical data, against which ice management strategies can be tested and evaluated. The objective is to help to manage risk during the actual drilling by identifying ahead of time, the needed suite of tools required for ice management including monitoring, forecasting, maintaining situational awareness, icebreaker fleet deployment and operational decision-making. This paper presents an actual, well-documented Beaufort Sea mid-summer ice intrusion scenario against which we evaluated different aspects of ice management support for floating drilling operations.
Updated Temperature, Salinity and Strength Distributions for Old Ice
Authors: Johnston Michelle , Frederking Robert
Published: June 2022

This paper presents updated distributions of the temperatures, salinities and borehole strengths of old ice, as a function of time of year. Thousands of measurements are compiled from old ice floes across the Arctic. Probability of exceedance curves are used to show the more ‘extreme’ values that can occur at various depths in the ice, whereas properties over the full ice thickness are obtained from (i) the means of populations and (ii) by depth-averaging measurements from the same borehole. Ice temperature and borehole strength show strong seasonal variability (temperature and borehole strength being inversely proportional), whereas the mean salinity of old ice varies little over the course of a year (on average, 1.8‰ for all months). The compilation showed that temperatures colder than approximately -34°C have not been measured in old ice in the marine environment during the three coldest months of the year. Borehole strengths upwards of 40MPa have been measured at various depths in old ice. Since such cold temperatures (-34°C) and high strengths (40MPa) are not representative of the full thickness of old ice, particular attention is paid to the range of depth-averaged ice temperatures spanning all months (0 to -20°C). Flexural strengths calculated from the Timco and O’Brien equation (for old ice having a mean salinity of 1.8‰ – which incidentally is also the mean bulk salinity of old ice from the data compilation – are comparable to the limited number of flexural strengths measurements from multi-year ice specimens. Normalized values of mean borehole strength and calculated flexural strength (for 1.8‰ ice) exhibit similar trends of decreasing strength with increasing ice temperature however, the Timco and O’Brien equation tends to underestimate the flexural strength of old ice near the melting point (ice temperatures warmer than -3°C). That, coupled with the relatively constant bulk salinity of old ice throughout the year, suggests that brine volume plays a lesser role in the deterioration of old ice than first-year ice. As a rough rule of thumb, the mean depth-averaged strength of old ice with a bulk ice temperature of -10°C, -5°C and 0°C decreases to respectively ~85%, 70% and 30%, relative to its maximum winter strength (-20°C ice temperature). On average, the mean, depth-averaged borehole strength of old ice is 30 times higher than the calculated flexural strength of 1.8‰ old ice, over the ice temperature range -1°C to -20°C. Caution should be exercised when applying results in this paper, given the considerable variability in old ice strength with temperature.
A Short History of Ice Model Tests in Finland
Authors: Wilkman Göran
Published: June 2022

Ice navigation has been practiced on regular basis some 120 years and testing of ships in a model laboratory close to 60 years. In Finland the first laboratory was commenced only 45 years ago. Open water facilities have it much less complicated as they only need the water. In ice modeling the cornerstone is how to model ice, which in fact is just hard water. A lot of different materials have been used for ice modeling. Normally when you get some of the properties right, some go wrong. The ice modeling materials used during the short history goes from naturally grown saline ice through different chemicals mixed with water, wax and plastics towards ice that is actually built or constructed or the natural growth has been disturbed by using different methods to control the density. This paper discusses the development of model testing, its different features and how the development has taken place in Finland.
Editorial: The geography and governance of infrastructure provision
Authors: Schorn Martina , Humer Alois
Published: June 2022

Infrastructure matters for regional development as well as for the individual wellbeing of people. This not only became painstakingly obvious since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020. Thus, the phases of ‘lock-down’ during the pandemic became an eye opener for the condition of infrastructural fundaments of our cities and regions. Debates about systemic infrastructure for maintaining the functioning of our societies and economies – in scientific terms ‘Services of General Interest’ or the ‘Foundational Economy’ – received wide societal and political attention since the outbreak of the pandemic. Yet, already before the outbreak of this most severe global health crisis, discourses in applied social sciences have experienced an ‘infrastructural turn’, putting technical, social and green infrastructures into the centre of attention of social research, theory building and dissemination. This has led to different understandings of ‘infrastructure’ coexisting in academic and professional debates today. This introductory paper to the issue on ‘The Geography and Governance of Infrastructure Provision’ aims at giving an overview of current debates about infrastructure provision in Regional Science and Planning while introducing the six papers included in this theme issue of Europa XXI.
The Right to Remain “Silent": Deaf Aesthetics in GANGSTA
Authors: Pang Aidan
Published: June 2022

In the opening to every episode in the Japanese anime series GANGSTA., the following notice appears: “Due to the nature of the main character, subtitles will appear in some places.” Such a narrative choice challenges what it means to hear, revealing how deafness offers more in the way of hearing than its normative definition suggests. GANGSTA.’s portrayal of how the deaf hitman Nicolas Brown uses sound to challenge ableist conceptions of deafness shifts the voyeuristic ear on disability from the so-called disabled body to the able-bodied. To hear sound is a political act, such that it is necessary to ask who has a claim to this sensory experience. What currently qualifies as listening is based on an ableist listening experience, and while the deaf and hard of hearing may utilize other modes of listening, it does not mean they have no say in the realm of sound. Thus, I examine how the aural aesthetics of deafness can be used to disrupt and restructure an ableist politics of listening through the ear.
Oral History, Donor Engagement, and the Cocreation of Knowledge in an Academic Archives
Authors: Weaver Robert G. , Hernández Zachary R.
Published: June 2022

This article examines attempts at the Southwest Collection at Texas Tech University’s Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library (SWC/ SCL), in Lubbock, Texas, to integrate its oral history program into collection acquisition, arrangement, description, and discovery processes. Beginning with the creation of a staff position dedicated to acquisition, and continuing through an evolution of job duties resulting from COVID-19, the SWC’s oral historians now not only facilitate collection acquisition through extensive relationship building but also engage donors during arrangement and description. Such reconceptions have led to new processes and workflows, wherein oral history has become an endeavour of collaborative knowledge creation and an enabler of a more democratic archives.
O espírito das relações internacionais
Authors: Cervo Amado Luiz
Published: June 2022

Análise e interpretação de 11 comandos que conduzem e explicam o movimento dos agentes das relações internacionais pelo mundo – Estados, nações e agentes privados, sobretudo empresas, capitais e tecnologias –, este livro responde à pergunta essencial acerca do movimento das relações internacionais: quais são os impulsos de origem e como condicionam políticas, estratégias e resultados alcançados pelos agentes, por um lado, e, por outro, como esses mesmos agentes são condicionados? Ou seja: quais são os comandos superiores das relações internacionais? É um livro didático, útil para pesquisadores e estudantes da área de relações internacionais, teoria e história, e tem por objetivo a compreensão das relações internacionais no médio e no longo prazo.
Phosphorus oxides in heavily doped polysilicon films
Authors: Wang Yi-Lin , Lan Zi-Xuan , Du Hui-Wei , Zhao Lei , Ma Zhong-Quan ,   SHU-SOEN’s R & D Lab, Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China,   College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Published: June 2022

In tunneling oxide passivation contact (n-TOPCon) photovoltaic devices, poly-Si (n+) films with high-concentration phosphorus doping are the key materials for electron selective passivation. Its optical and electronic properties strongly depend on the chemical configuration and physical phase, and also on high temperature annealing and structural relaxation in the recrystallization process. The poly-Si (n+) films grown on SiOx/n-Si substrates by low pressure chemical vapor deposition technology are investigated, while the microstructure of the film is studied by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with depth etching, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. It is found that the binding energy values of the two fitted peaks (O2 and O3) of O 1s state of the thin film are situated at 532.1 and 533.7 eV, corresponding to the bonding of O—Si and O—P, respectively. The binding energy values of the two fitted peaks (P2 and P3) of P 2p state are located at 132.4 and 135.1 eV, corresponding to O—P* bonding with the same origin. Electronic microscopy and light diffraction analyses show that the polycrystalline silicon film has the characteristic of (111) preferential orientation, and the space of crystal plane is 0.313 nm, for which the average grain size is in a range of about 43.6–55.0 nm. However, the mechanical deformation and grain boundaries are generated in the annealing process at 920 ℃ along (111) crystal cluster, resulting in the localized monocrystalline state within large grains. The comprehensive analyses of thermodynamic function parameters of formation enthalpy, reaction entropy, heat capacity, formation energy and Gibbs free energy and energy minimum principle analysis indicate that there exist conditions for forming Si—O and P—O bonds in the polysilicon film, and thus the bonding state of silicon and phosphorus oxides are formed.
Gain switched linearly polarized single-frequency pulsed fiber laser
Authors: Zhang Wan-Ru , Chen Si-Yu , Su Rong-Tao , Jiang Man , Li Can , Ma Yan-Xing , Zhou Pu ,   College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: June 2022

Single-frequency pulsed fiber lasers have aroused intense interest due to their excellent performances in terms of good coherence, compact structure and good beam quality, which have been widely used in different areas, such as coherent LIDAR, nonlinear frequency conversion, and remote sensing. In this paper, a linearly polarized single-frequency pulsed fiber laser is reported. The narrow linewidth all-fiber oscillator is built by using an all-polarization-maintaining ring cavity structure. A section of unpumped polarization-maintaining ytterbium doped fiber is fused in the cavity as a saturated absorber to produce ultra-narrow bandwidth dynamic grating, which can be used for longitudinal mode selection. Thus, the laser can realize single-frequency operation. A 976-nm semiconductor laser is used as a pump source to generate a hybrid pump laser, which contains both pulsed component and continuous component. As a result, a long-pulse laser is achieved with a repetition rate of 10–90 kHz and a pulse duration of 1–8 μs. At the same time, the effects of pump power and repetition rate on the time domain, the frequency domain and the power characteristics of the output laser are investigated. It is found that there is an optical bistability in the frequency domain characteristic of the output laser within a certain power range. And the influence of the laser power characteristic on the longitudinal mode selection mechanism of dynamic grating is analyzed. Finally, through parameter optimization, single-frequency pulsed fiber laser is achieved with a center wavelength of 1064 nm, a linewidth of about 23.5 MHz, a repetition rate of 10–90 kHz, a pulse duration of 4–8 μs, and a polarization extinction ratio of about 29 dB.
Hypoxia controls plasma membrane targeting of polarity proteins by dynamic turnover of PI4P and PI(4,5)P2
Authors: Lu Juan , Dong Wei , Hammond Gerald R , Hong Yang
Published: June 2022

Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2) are key phosphoinositides that determine the identity of the plasma membrane (PM) and regulate numerous key biological events there. To date, mechanisms regulating the homeostasis and dynamic turnover of PM PI4P and PIP2 in response to various physiological conditions and stresses remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we report that hypoxia in Drosophila induces acute and reversible depletion of PM PI4P and PIP2 that severely disrupts the electrostatic PM targeting of multiple polybasic polarity proteins. Genetically encoded ATP sensors confirmed that hypoxia induces acute and reversible reduction of cellular ATP levels which showed a strong real-time correlation with the levels of PM PI4P and PIP2 in cultured cells. By combining genetic manipulations with quantitative imaging assays we showed that PI4KIIIα, as well as Rbo/EFR3 and TTC7 that are essential for targeting PI4KIIIα to PM, are required for maintaining the homeostasis and dynamic turnover of PM PI4P and PIP2 under normoxia and hypoxia. Our results revealed that in cells challenged by energetic stresses triggered by hypoxia, ATP inhibition and possibly ischemia, dramatic turnover of PM PI4P and PIP2 could have profound impact on many cellular processes including electrostatic PM targeting of numerous polybasic proteins.
Long noncoding RNA Gm31629 promotes bone regeneration by maintaining bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells activity
Authors: Cai Guangping , Xiao Ye , Yang Mi , Guo Qi , Su Tian , Liu Yalin , Jiang Tiejian , Li Chun
Published: June 2022

Background

Long noncoding RNA Gm31629 can regulate hypothalamic neural stem cells (htNSCs) senescence and the aging process. However, the effect of Gm31629 on the senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and bone regeneration is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Gm31629 on the senescence of BMSCs and bone regeneration.

Methods

Gm31629 knockout (Gm31629-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were used to establish a bone regeneration model. The Brdu labelling, CCK8 assay, wound healing assay, β-gal staining and osteogenic differentiation assay were used to assess the effects of Gm31629 on the functions of BMSCs. Micro-computed tomography (CT), histochemical and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the ability of bone regeneration. The mimic of Gm31629, theaflavin 3-gallate, was used to investigate its role on the senescence of BMSCs and bone regeneration.

Results

The expression of Gm31629 reduced in BMSCs of middle-aged mice was compared with that of young mice. The deletion of Gm31629 was sufficient to drive the senescence of BMSCs, resulting in impaired bone regeneration in mice. Mechanistically, Gm31629 could interact with Y-box protein 1(YB-1) and delay its degradation, decreasing the transcription of p16INK4A of BMSCs. We also found that theaflavin 3-gallate could alleviate the senescence of BMSCs and promote bone regeneration in middle-aged mice.

Conclusion

These results indicated that Gm31629 played an important role on BMSCs senescence and bone regeneration and provided a therapeutic target to promote bone regeneration.
A European giant: a large spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Vectis Formation (Wealden Group, Early Cretaceous), UK
Authors: Barker Chris T. , Lockwood Jeremy A.F. , Naish Darren , Brown Sophie , Hart Amy , Tulloch Ethan , Gostling Neil J.
Published: June 2022

Postcranial elements (cervical, sacral and caudal vertebrae, as well as ilium, rib and limb bone fragments) belonging to a gigantic tetanuran theropod were recovered from the basal unit (the White Rock Sandstone equivalent) of the Vectis Formation near Compton Chine, on the southwest coast of the Isle of Wight. These remains appear to pertain to the same individual, with enormous dimensions similar to those of theSpinosaurusholotype and exceeding those of the largest European theropods previously reported. A combination of features—including the presence of spinodiapophyseal webbing on an anterior caudal vertebra—suggest that this is a member of Spinosauridae, though a lack of convincing autapomorphies precludes the identification of a new taxon. Phylogenetic analysis supports spinosaurid affinities but we were unable to determine a more precise position within the clade weak support for a position within Spinosaurinae or an early-diverging position within Spinosauridae were found in some data runs. Bioerosion in the form of curved tubes is evident on several pieces, potentially related to harvesting behaviour by coleopteran bioeroders. This is the first spinosaurid reported from the Vectis Formation and the youngest British material referred to the clade. This Vectis Formation spinosaurid is unusual in that the majority of dinosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous units of the Wealden Supergroup are from the fluviolacustrine deposits of the underlying Barremian Wessex Formation. In contrast, the lagoonal facies of the upper Barremian–lower Aptian Vectis Formation only rarely yield dinosaur material. Our conclusions are in keeping with previous studies that emphasise western Europe as a pivotal region within spinosaurid origination and diversification.
Desempeño lector y narrativo en escolares con trastorno específico del lenguaje
Authors:   Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Centro de investigación Avanzada en Educación, Universidad de Chile, Coloma Carmen Julia , Pavez María Mercedes ,   Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Universidad de Chile, Peñaloza Christian ,   Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Universidad de Chile, Maggiolo Mariangela ,   Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Universidad de Chile, Araya Claudia ,   Universidad de Chile, Palma Sandra ,   Departamento de Ciencias del Lenguaje, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: June 2022

Los objetivos de esta investigación son conocer el desempeño lector y narrativo de escolares con TeL y estudiar sus posibles relaciones en estos sujetos. Se trabajó con 31 estudiantes (12 alumnos con TeL y déficit gramatical y 19 estudiantes sin problemas de lenguaje). Todos cursaban 1° básico en escuelas con proyectos de integración. Se les evaluó la comprensión y producción de narraciones orales, la decodificación y la comprensión lectora. Los resultados mostraron que los escolares con TeL presentan como grupo problemas en la lectura (comprensión y decodificación) pese a que sus desempeños lectores son variables. Además, evidencian un rendimiento narrativo similar al de los alumnos sin problemas de lenguaje. Finalmente, no se encontró relación entre el desempeño lector y las habilidades narrativas orales en ambos grupos.
Determination and Comparison of Ki-67 Index in Astrocytic Tumours: A Tertiary Care Centre Experience
Authors: Kaur Jasneet , Sharma Swati , Isaacs Roma , Grewal Sarvpreet Singh
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The proper management of the astrocytic tumours largely depends on its correct diagnosis. But, smaller size and complicated histomorphology makes it difficult for the histopathologist to conclude the diagnosis. Monoclonal antibody Ki-67 {MIB-1/MIB-1 Labelling Index (LI)} plays a role of diagnostic as well as prognostic marker. It is an important marker, since it helps in deciding malignant potential of the astrocytic tumours where histology alone does not suffice. This study promotes the idea of including Ki-67 in routine practice for astrocytic tumours as it helps in quantifying the growth of the tumour which is of utmost importance in predicting the outcome accurately. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the mean and ranges of Ki-67/MIB-1 LI in astrocytic tumours and comparing between different grades. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross- sectional study with 50 cases of astrocytoma of varying grades over period of six years, retrospective study period started from 1st April 2009 till 30th November 2012 and prospective study period started from 1st December 2012 till 31st March 2014. Immunolabeling was done using Ki-67/MIB-1 antibody. The mean and ranges of Ki-67 was calculated in astrocytic tumours and its correlation with each World Health Organization (WHO) grade of histological diagnosis and clinical presentations were studied. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and unpaired t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were 50 astrocytic tumours, Pilocytic Astrocytoma (PA), grade I-5 (10%) cases; Diffuse Astrocytoma (DA), grade II-8 (16%) cases; Anaplastic Astrocytoma (AA), grade III-10 (20%) cases; and Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), grade IV-27 (54%) cases, with mean Ki-67 LI as 2.63%, 2.65%, 18.85% and 30.2%, respectively. The difference in mean Ki-67 LI for low grade astrocytoma and high grade astrocytoma was highly significant statistically (p<0.0001). The most common presentation was seizure, which was seen in 26 (52%) cases. Conclusion: Histological grading with Ki-67 LI can work synergistically to reach the diagnosis, as both are subjected to heterogeneity induced diagnostic accuracy. Ki-67 LI increases with increase in the grade of the astrocytic tumours and hence, its quantification can help histopathologists as well as clinicians to agree on a point, especially in those cases where two differ diagnostically and it effects patients’ prognosis.
Histopathological Spectrum of Neoplastic and Non Neoplastic Lesions of Urinary Bladder- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Singhal Priyamvada , Singhal Mitali , Gupta Mamta , Bansal Rani
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Urinary bladder encompasses a wide variety of lesions, both neoplastic and non neoplastic responsible for significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. All bladder lesions require biopsy because of their lack of distinctive features. Urinary bladder cancer is the 9th most common cancer worldwide accounting for 6% and 2% of the cancer incidence in men and women, respectively. Aim: To analyse the histopathological spectrum of bladder specimens with neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions, and categorising them according to recent 2016 World Health Organisation (WHO) classification. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted from January to June 2020 at Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. Retrospective data was retrieved from a period of 10 years from January 2010-December 2019. Histopathological analysis of all the urinary bladder biopsies and radical cystectomy/cystoprostectomy specimens received during this period was done on basis of light microscopic examination of Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained slides. Lesions were categorised into non neoplastic and neoplastic. The neoplastic lesions were classified based on WHO classification 2016 and staging as per 8th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Descriptive data analysis was done. Results: Total 252 cases were evaluated. A total of 200 (79%) cases were neoplastic and 52 (21%) cases were diagnosed as non neoplastic with majority of cases being cystitis. Male to female ratio was 7:1. The most common age group was 4th to 7th decade. In neoplastic category, urothelial tumours constituted 194 (97%) cases with Infiltrating Urothelial Carcinoma (IUC) being 118 (60.8%) cases. In non invasive lesions majority 27 (35.6%) cases were Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential (PUNLMP) followed by urothelial carcinoma in situ and papillary urothelial neoplasm of low grade. Entities other than urothelial tumours encountered in the present study were primary adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, melanosis and metastasis from prostate. TNM staging showed lamina propria invasion (pT1) in 59 (37%) cases, followed by pT2 tumours invading muscle in 56 (35%) cases. Conclusion: Proper knowledge of histologic characteristics of various bladder lesions is of utmost importance as few benign conditions mimic neoplastic and few serve as preneoplastic conditions, misdiagnosis may cause further any unnecessary treatment procedure. With a multidisciplinary approach, early diagnosis and immediate intervention can have a better survival and provide a more comfortable life to the patient.
Histopathological Study of Bone Tumours in 78 Cases from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Hyderabad
Authors: Sandhya Bangaru , Thirupathi Thorram , Nirmala Byrapuram Vijaya , PrasannaKumar Kalla DH
Published: June 2022

Introduction: In comparison with neoplasms in other parts of body, bone tumours are relatively rare. Successful diagnosis and treatment plan of bone tumours involves team approach of pathologist, radiologist, surgeon, oncologist and radiotherapist. As histopathology diagnosis is confirmatory in bone tumours, it is very important to make treatment plan and estimation of prognosis in different bone tumours. Current study helps in understanding morphology of different bone tumours, also gives an idea about their age, sex distribution, relative frequencies and location of tumour. Aim: To review the histopathology diagnosis in bone tumours and to evaluate the distribution of different bone tumours according to age, sex and anatomical location, also to evaluate their relative frequencies. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted prospectively in 78 cases for a period of two years from October 2015 to September 2017, in Department of Pathology, Mehdi Nawaz Jung Institute of Oncology, Hyderabad, India and TB and Chest Hospital, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad. Patients with suspicion of bone tumour on clinical and radiological examination, tissue specimens were referred to Department of Pathology along with essential clinical history such as the age, sex, anatomical site, radiological findings. Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain was done for all cases, followed by detailed microscopic study of H&E slides. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker analysis was performed in selected cases. Histopathology findings were noted. Age, sex, anatomical distribution and relative frequencies of different histological types of bone tumours were evaluated and analysed by comparing with other similar studies. Results: Out of 78 cases of suspected bone tumours, 30 cases were primary malignant bone tumours, 22 were metastatic deposits, 24 were benign tumours, two were chronic osteomyelitis. Osteosarcoma was the most common primary malignant bone tumour and giant cell tumour was most common benign bone tumour. Bone tumours were more common in males than in females most common anatomical location for primary malignant bone tumour was femur followed by tibia secondary deposits were more common in spine followed by pelvis. Conclusion: Histopathology diagnosis is confirmatory in bone tumours. Successful diagnosis of bone tumours is very important to make a treatment plan. Age, sex distribution and anatomical location of different bone tumours correlated well with other previous studies and provided an important role in the definitive diagnosis.