bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 17 по 22 февраля 2024 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Краснов Ярослав , Чумачкова Елена , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: February 2024

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 Omicron вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 17 по 22 февраля 2024 г.
Repair and Maintenance of Ceramic Mould Pressing Machine
Authors: Putra Bagas , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: February 2024

This study delves into the critical maintenance and repair procedures for ceramic pressing machines, integral to ceramic tile production. Through a comprehensive review of techniques and best practices, the research aims to optimize machine efficiency and quality output. Employing a methodical approach involving regular cleaning, component inspection, and timely part replacement, the study underscores the significance of skilled technicians proficient in diagnosing and rectifying issues before they escalate. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on the necessity of rigorous training for maintenance personnel and machine operators to ensure seamless operations and minimal production disruptions. The implications of these findings extend to the broader manufacturing sector, offering insights into enhancing machinery longevity and productivity.
highlight :

Proper maintenance ensures smooth operation and prevents unexpected breakdowns.
Trained technicians are essential for effective repair and troubleshooting.
Rigorous training for maintenance staff and operators optimizes machine performance and minimizes production downtime.

Keywords: Ceramic pressing machines, Maintenance, Repair, Efficiency, Training
NH Fuse Maintenance for Low Voltage Network Protection
Authors: Firmansyah Fikri Alam , Anshory Izza
Published: February 2024

This study presents an analysis of NH replacement in the low voltage network, focusing on the XYZ region. NHs, integral safety devices within the distribution system, are subject to replacement when they exceed their useful life limit or incur damage. Through low voltage network analysis, this research identifies network conditions and potential interferences, facilitating targeted NH replacement to uphold network reliability. The study highlights the importance of NH replacement in minimizing disruptions and preventing NH damage, thereby enhancing overall network resilience.
Highlights :

NH replacement ensures safety and reliability: Regular replacement of NHs within the low voltage network minimizes potential disruptions and safeguards against electrical disturbances.
Targeted replacement strategies: Utilizing network analysis, NH replacement is conducted based on factors such as useful life limit exceedance and damage, optimizing network performance.
Enhanced network resilience: By mitigating potential disruptions and preventing NH damage, replacement initiatives contribute to the overall reliability and resilience of the low voltage network.

Keywords: NH replacement, low voltage network, reliability, analysis, maintenance
Work Accidents Analysis in Lathe Workshop - JSA with FMEA Approach
Authors: Himam Muhammad Tauhid , Widodo Edi
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the risk levels and potential for work accidents in manufacturing processes involving heavy equipment like lathes, which often lead to accidents due to non-compliance with safety regulations. Employing job safety analysis (JSA), the research aims to minimize accidents by assessing risk levels and proposing comprehensive Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage for workers. Results reveal that the welding process's failure mode severity is rated at 2, while lathe-related accidents, particularly exposure to debris, have the highest occurrence and effect analysis at 6. Limited PPE availability contributes to a low failure mode detection and effect analysis score of 7. This study underscores the critical need for implementing stringent safety measures to mitigate workplace accidents in manufacturing settings.
Highlights :

Comprehensive assessment: Utilizing job safety analysis (JSA), the study provides a detailed evaluation of potential work accidents in manufacturing processes, focusing on heavy equipment usage.
Risk mitigation: The research emphasizes the importance of implementing stringent safety measures, including the complete utilization of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), to minimize the occurrence of workplace accidents.
Importance of compliance: Non-compliance with safety regulations, particularly regarding the use of PPE and adherence to K3 regulations, significantly increases the risk of work accidents, leading to disruptions in production processes.

Keywords: Workplace Safety, Manufacturing, Job Safety Analysis, Personal Protective Equipment, Risk Assessment
Genetic insights into the social organization of Neanderthals
Authors: Skov Laurits , Peyrégne Stéphane , Popli Divyaratan , Iasi Leonardo , Devièse Thibaut , Slon Viviane , Zavala Elena , Hajdinjak Mateja , Sümer Arev , Grote Steffi , Mesa Alba Bossoms , López David , Nickel Birgit , Nagel Sarah , Richter Julia , Essel Elena , Gansauge Marie , Schmidt Anna , Korlevic Petra , Comeskey Daniel , Derevianko Anatoli , Kharevich Aliona , Markin Sergey , Talamo Sahra , Douka Katerina , Krajcarz Maciej , Roberts Richard , Higham Tom , Viola Bence , Krivoshapkin Andrey , Kolobova Kseniya , Kelso Janet , Meyer Matthias , Paabo Svante , Peter Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their population history and relationship to modern humans1–8, but the social organization of Neanderthal communities remains poorly understood. Here, we present genetic data for 13 Neanderthals from two Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia: 11 from Chagyrskaya Cave9,10 and two from Okladnikov Cave11 - making this the largest genetic study of a Neanderthal population to date. We used hybridization capture to obtain genome-wide nuclear data, as well as mitochondrial and Y-chromosome sequences. Some Chagyrskaya individuals were closely related, including a father-daughter pair and a pair of second degree relatives, indicating that at least some of the individuals lived at the same time. Up to a third of these individuals’ genomes occur in long segments of homozygosity, suggesting that the Chagyrskaya Neanderthals were part of a small community. In addition, the Y-chromosome diversity is an order of magnitude lower than the mitochondrial diversity, a pattern that we found is best explained by female migration between communities.
Thus, the genetic data presented here provide a detailed documentation of the social organization of an isolated Neanderthal community at the easternmost extent of their known range.
Secure Transmission of Medical Image Using a Wavelet Interval Type-2 TSK Fuzzy Brain-Imitated Neural Network
Authors: Pham Duc Hung , Huynh Tuan Tu , Lin Chih-Min , Giap Van Nam , Vu Van-Phong
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to develop a new design of a wavelet interval type-2 takagi-sugeno-kang fuzzy brain-imitated neural network (WIT2TFBINN), which is a combination of the mathematical models of a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy system based on wavelet interval type-2 function (WIT2) and a wavelet interval type-2 fuzzy brain imitated neural network (FBINN). The proposed WIT2TFBINN is used for synchronization control of a 4D Lorentz chaotic system and has the benefits of wavelet interval type-2 membership function, TSK fuzzy inference system, decision making, and emotional activity. To provide fast training, the proposed method's parameter update laws are derived using the gradient descent method. The proposed WIT2TFBINN synchronization technique is then applied to the transmission of medical images in a secure manner. As a cipher image, a medical image is encrypted into a chaotic trajectory. After transmission, the image can be decrypted using chaotic trajectory synchronization on the received signal. By comparing the root mean square error and statistical test results of the proposed method with recent methods, the superiority of the proposed method is demonstrated.
Refraining from closed reduction of displaced distal radius fractures in the emergency department – in short: the RECORDED trial
Authors: Derksen Bas M , Jawahier Priscilla A , Wijers Olivier , Knops Simon P , de Vries Mark R , Hooff Christiaan C Drijfhout van , Verhofstad Michiel H J , Schep Niels W L
Published: February 2024

• Background
With roughly 45.000 adult patients each year, distal radius fractures are one of the most common fractures in the emergency department. Approximately 60% of all these fractures are displaced and require surgery. The current guidelines advise to perform closed reduction of these fractures awaiting surgery, as it may lead to post-reduction pain relief and release tension of the surrounding neurovascular structures. Recent studies have shown that successful reduction does not warrant conservative treatment, while patients find it painful or even traumatizing. The aim of this study is to determine whether closed reduction can be safely abandoned in these patients.
• Methods
In this multicenter randomized clinical trial, we will randomize between closed reduction followed by plaster casting and only plaster casting. Patients aged 18 to 75 years, presenting at the emergency department with a displaced distal radial fracture and requiring surgery according to the attending surgeon, are eligible for inclusion. Primary outcome is pain assessed with daily VAS scores from the visit to the emergency department until surgery. Secondary outcomes are function assessed by PRWHE, length of stay at the emergency department, length of surgery, return to work, patient satisfaction and complications. A total of 134 patients will be included in this study with follow up of one year.
• Discussion
If our study shows that patients who did not receive closed reduction experience no significant drawbacks, we might be able to reorganize the initial care for distal radial fractures in the emergency department. If surgery is warranted, the patient can be send home with a plaster cast to await the call for admission, decreasing the time spend in the emergency room drastically.
Trial registration
This trial was registered in January of.
WITHDRAWN: The association between adult penile length and IQ: evidences from 139 countries
Authors: Wang Cuntong , Wangding Yihe
Published: February 2024

22 February, 2024. Research Square has withdrawn this preprint due to the problematic nature of the topic concerning race and intelligence. We acknowledge the sensitivities involved and the potential for misinterpretation or harm. This decision reflects our commitment to disseminate research that meets our rigorous standards for integrity and respect for all individuals. Please refer to our editorial policies page: https://www.researchsquare.com/legal/editorial for more information.
LARGE protein drives homeostatic scaling-down after long-term potentiation
Authors: Seo Bo Am , Kang Myoung-Goo , Choi Se-Young , Lee Seung-Hyun
Published: February 2024

In the brain, memory can be coded as relative differences in synaptic strength produced by Hebbian plasticity (e.g. LTP). However, changes in neuronal activity, including the saturation of synaptic strength by the positive-feedback nature of Hebbian plasticity, could deteriorate the encoded memory. Synaptic scaling, a type of homeostatic plasticity, is thought to contribute to the stability of the encoded memory by maintaining the relative differences in synaptic strength against persistent destabilizing changes in neuronal activity. However, it remains unclear how and when these two types of plasticity work together in the context of memory. Here, we have demonstrated that LARGE, a protein associated with intellectual disability, drives homeostatic scaling-down several hours after LTP by downregulating AMPA-receptor trafficking via the Golgi apparatus. Importantly, LARGE deficiency impairs long-term memory formation in mice. Our study reveals a potential molecular mechanism underlying the stability of memory mediated by crosstalk between Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity.
Cryptococcosis in the Immunocompetent Host: Incidence and Outcomes
Authors: Mani Valli , Hsieh Ji-Cheng , Zimilover Adam , Ghani Maham , Donaghy Henry
Published: February 2024

Cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection that typically affects immunocompromised individuals. There is limited research comparing the incidence and clinical outcomes of cryptococcosis in immunocompetent versus immunocompromised patients. Retrospective analysis was performed on patients with a confirmed positive CSF PCR, CSF antigen, or serum cryptococcal antigen tests from 5 hospitals in New York from 2017–2022. Patients were classified as immunocompromised if they had a diagnosis of HIV or active cancer, received an organ transplant, or were on immunosuppressive medications at the time of diagnosis. Baseline demographic information, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. 29 cases of cryptococcosis were identified with 8 cases (27.6%) occurring in immunocompetent patients. Immunocompetent patients with cryptococcosis were more likely to have a prior history of cardiac disease compared to immunocompromised patients (25% vs. 4.76%, p = 0.02). After the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of immunocompetent cases increased (12% vs 35%, p = 0.03). Despite presenting with meningitis more frequently (75% vs 47.6% p = 0.08), immunocompetent patients demonstrated decreased rates of fungemia (25% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.06) and a significant decrease in mortality (12.5% vs. 23.8%, p = 0.04). Immunocompetent patients presented with meningitis more frequently and demonstrated better outcomes with decreased mortality. The proportion of immunocompetent patients increased over the study period after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional information about cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients, as well as the role of cardiac disease, diabetes and COVID-19 infection as potential risk factors, warrants further study. Cryptococcosis in the Immunocompetent Host: Incidence and Outcomes
Fabrication of nitrogen-hyperdoped silicon by high-pressure gas immersion excimer laser doping
Authors: Barkby Josh , Moro Fabrizio , Perego Michele , Taglietti Fabiana , Lidorikis Elefterios , Kalfagiannis Nikolaos , Koutsogeorgis Demosthenes , Fanciulli Marco
Published: February 2024

In recent years, research on hyperdoped semiconductors has accelerated, displaying dopant concentrations far exceedingsolubility limits to surpass the limitations of conventionally doped materials. Nitrogen defects in silicon have been extensivelyinvestigated for their unique characteristics compared to other pnictogen dopants. However, previous practical investigationshave encountered challenges in achieving high nitrogen defect concentrations due to the low solubility and diffusivity ofnitrogen in silicon, and the necessary non-equilibrium techniques, such as ion implantation, resulting in crystal damage andamorphisation. In this study, we present a single-step technique called high-pressure gas immersion excimer laser doping(HP-GIELD) to manufacture nitrogen-hyperdoped silicon. Our approach offers ultrafast processing, scalability, high control, andreproducibility. Employing HP-GIELD, we achieved nitrogen concentrations exceeding 6 at. % (3.01 x 1021 at./cm3) in intrinsicsilicon. Notably, nitrogen concentration remained above the liquid solubility limit to ∼1 μm in depth. HP-GIELD’s high-pressureenvironment effectively suppressed surface damage, while the well-known effects of pulsed laser annealing (PLA) preservedcrystal quality. Additionally, we conducted a theoretical analysis of light-matter interactions and thermal effects governingnitrogen diffusion during HP-GIELD, providing insights into the doping mechanism. Leveraging excimer lasers, our method iswell-suited for integration into high-volume semiconductor manufacturing, particularly front-end-of-line processes.
A novel C-29 oxidase, CYP712D39, catalyzes the formation of bryonolic acid from isomultiflorenol in Trichosanthes cucumerina L.
Authors: Lertphadungkit Pornpatsorn , Mekloy Paktaporn , Bunsupa Somnuk
Published: February 2024

Bryonolic acid, a characteristic triterpenoid in Trichosanthes cucumerina L., is well-known due to its pharmacological activities. The biosynthetic pathway of this compound is similar to other triterpenoids, which are known to be initiated by oxidosqualene cyclase for squalene cyclization and cytochrome P450s for oxidation. However, the final step in this pathway has not been identified. This study presents a discovery of a novel enzyme, CYP712D39, with the remarkable ability to catalyze the crucial C-29 oxidation step in bryonolic acid production. We utilized previous transcriptome analysis with eight promising P450 candidates, exhibiting greater expression levels in callus tissue, which shows a high bryonolic acid production. Functional characterization experiment confirmed its capacity to convert isomultiflorenol into bryonolic acid in the WAT11 yeast system. Furthermore, we also predicted key amino acids, including F113, crucial for binding with C3-OH of isomultiflorenol for C29-oxidation. This discovery fills a critical knowledge gap and offers significant biotechnological potential for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications.
Prefrontal Electrophysiological Biomarkers and Mechanism-Based Drug Effects in a Rat Model of Alcohol Addiction
Authors: Habelt Bettina , Afanasenkau Dzmitry , Schwarz Cindy , Domanegg Kevin , Kuchar Martin , Werner Carsten , Minev Ivan R. , Spanagel Rainer , Meinhardt Marcus W. , Bernhardt Nadine
Published: February 2024

Current treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) show large heterogeneity in response and thus limited effectiveness and high relapse rates. A precision medicine approach with biomarkers responsive to new treatments is warranted to overcome this limitation. Promising biomarkers relate to prefrontal control mechanisms that are severely disturbed in AUD. This results in reduced inhibitory control of compulsive behavior and, eventually, relapse. We reasoned here that prefrontal dysfunction, which underlies vulnerability to relapse, is evidenced by altered neuroelectric signatures and should be restored by pharmacological interventions that specifically target prefrontal dysfunction. To test this, we applied our recently developed biocompatible neuroprosthesis to measure prefrontal neural function in a well-established rat model of alcohol addiction and relapse. We monitored neural oscillations and event-related potentials in awake alcohol-dependent rats during abstinence and following treatment with psilocybin or LY379268, agonists of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) and the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2), that are known to reduce prefrontal dysfunction and relapse. Electrophysiological impairments in alcohol-dependent rats are reduced amplitudes of P1N1 and N1P2 components and attenuated event-related oscillatory activity. Psilocybin and LY379268 were able to restore these impairments. Furthermore, alcohol-dependent animals displayed a dominance in higher beta frequencies indicative of a state of hyperarousal that is prone to relapse, which particularly psilocybin was able to counteract. In summary, we provide prefrontal markers indicative of relapse and treatment response, especially for psychedelic drugs.
From Genes to Diagnosis: Examining the Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) in TCGS
Authors: Asgarian Sara , Lanjanian Hossein , Anaraki Shiva Rahimipour , Hadaegh Farzad , Moazzam-jazi Maryam , Bonab Leila Najd Hassan , Masjoudi Sajedeh , Zahedi Asieh Sadat , Zarkesh Maryam , Shalbafan Bita , Akbarzadeh Mahdi , Fateh Sahand Tehrani , Khalili Davood , Momenan Amirabbas , Sarbazi Narges , Hedayati Mehdi , Azizi Fereidoun , Daneshpour Maryam S.
Published: February 2024

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is an uncommon monogenic type of diabetes mellitus. Detecting genetic biomarkers for MODY is a necessity for precise diagnosis and treatment. The majority of MODY genetic predisposition has been documented in European populations and a lack of information is present in Iranians which leads to misdiagnosis as a consequence of defects in unknown variants. In this study, using genetic variant information of 20,002 participants from the family-based TCGS (Tehran cardiometabolic genetic study) cohort, we evaluated the genetic spectrum of MODY in Iran. We concentrated on 14 previously discovered and two novel MODY-causing genes (RFX6 and NKX6-1) that were thought to be responsible for MODY. To find disease-causing mutations, genetic variants were evaluated for their pathogenicity. We discovered 6 mutations that were previously reported in the ClinVar as pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) for MODY in 45 participants from 24 families. Three potentially novel MODY-causing mutations were also identified, which showed complete disease penetrance (100%) in 10 subjects from 5 families. This is the first family-based study to define the genetic spectrum and estimate the prevalence of MODY in the Iran. The newly discovered mutations need to be investigated by additional studies.
A generative pretrained transformer model for decoding individual glucose dynamics from continuous glucose monitoring data
Authors: Wang Yong , Lu Yurun , Liu Dan , Liang Zhongming , Liu Yitong , Chen Pei , Liu Rui , Feng Zhanying , Li Lei , Sheng Bin , Jia Weiping , Chen Luonan , Li Huating
Published: February 2024

Capturing glucose dynamics including the rigorous fasting glucose homeostasis and postprandial glucose adaptation is central to the diagnosis, subtyping, early warning, lifestyle intervention, and treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology has revolutionized fields to track real-time blood glucose levels and trends, and facilitated safe and effective decision making for diabetes management. Here, we developed an attention-based deep learning model, CGMformer, pretrained on a large-scale and diverse corpus of CGM data from a nationwide multi-center study in China to enable context-specific predictions and clinical applications to individuals. During pretraining, CGMformer gained a fundamental understanding of glucose dynamics, encoded glucose value, fluctuation pattern, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia in the attention weights of the model in a completely self-supervised manner. Fine-tuning towards a diverse panel of downstream tasks relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and complications using task-specific data demonstrated that CGMformer consistently boosted predictive accuracy. By deciphering individual glucose dynamics, CGMformer allows us to subtype individuals with high T2D risk and identify a specific cluster of lean prediabetes that is easily overlooked by traditional glucose measurements. In particular, applied to dietary modification modelling, CGMformer predicted individual's postprandial glucose response or CGM curve, thereby provided personalized diet prescription suggestion. Overall, CGMformer represents a pretrained transformer model to decode individual glucose dynamics, from which fine-tuning towards a broad range of downstream applications can be pursued to promote T2D early warning and recommendation for therapeutic lifestyle modification in diabetes management.
Development of data-driven modeling method for nonlinear coupling components
Authors: Ryu Taesan , Baek Seunghun
Published: February 2024

This research introduces a methodology for data-driven regression modeling of components exhibiting nonlinear characteristics, utilizing the Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy) method. The SINDy method is extended to formulate regression models for interconnecting components with nonlinear traits, yielding governing equations with physically interpretable solutions. The proposed methodology focuses on extracting a model that balances accuracy and sparsity among various regression models. In this process, a comprehensive model was generated using linear term weights and an error histogram. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study involving a sponge gasket with nonlinear characteristics. By contrasting the predictive model with experimental responses, the reliability of the methodology is verified. The results highlight that the regression model, based on the proposed technique, can effectively establish an accurate dynamical system model, accounting for realistic conditions.
Lactate accelerates cancer progression through the ERK-GCN5 lactylation-phosphorylation feedback cascade
Authors: Yuan Jian , Huang Bingsong , Chen Yuping , Cui Gaofeng , Mer Georges , Zhong Chunlong
Published: February 2024

The Warburg effect released lactate promotes cancer progression, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found lactate activated MAPK pathway through ERK-lactylation to promote cancer progression. Moreover, we identified the GCN5 as the lactyl-transferase for ERK lactylation. Interestingly, activated ERK phosphorylated GCN5 and promoted GCN5 lactyl-transferase activity for ERK, which formed the positive feedback loop to facilitate lactate-mediated cancer progression. Mechanistically, ERK-K231 lactylation decreased the dissociation energy between ERK and MEK, due to the reduced electrostatic interaction between ERK-K231 and MEK-D217. This facilitated the dissociation of ERK from MEK kinases, which in turn induced ERK dimerization and activation. Hence, we developed a cell-penetrating peptide to specifically inhibit the ERK lactylation, and demonstrated the peptide impaired the tumor growth with KRAS-mutant. Taken together, we define a molecular mechanism that lactate accelerates cancer progression through ERK-GCN5 lactylation-phosphorylation cascade and provide a strategy to target ERK lactylation, especially for RAS-MAPK-driven cancers.
Particle tracking for understanding the enzyme-triggered release from hybrid systems
Authors: González-Fuentes Joaquín , Plaza-Oliver María , Santander-Ortega Manuel Jesús , Lozano Victoria
Published: February 2024

The success of colon-targeted oral drug delivery relies in the proper control on the release of the entrapped nanostructures at the colon. This work describes the design of hybrid systems for their enzyme-triggered release at the colon. The hybrid systems were constituted by nanoemulsions with adequate characteristics for the treatment of ulcerative colitis included in a pectin hydrogel-like matrix. For that purpose, pectins with similar degrees of methylation (< 50 %) and increasing degree of amidation, i.e. 0, 13 and 20 %, were selected. Hybrid systems were formulated by a novel aggregation induced gelation method, using Ca2+, Ba2+ or Zn2+ as aggregating agents, as well as by a polyelectrolyte condensation approach, obtaining structures in the micrometric range (< 10 mm). Despite the resistance of pectins to the upper gastrointestinal tract stimuli, the analysis of the behaviour of the different prototypes shown that the non-covalent crosslinks that allow the formation of the hybrid structure may play a relevant role on the performance of the formulation.
Our results indicated that the partial disassembling of the hybrid system’s microstructure due to the intestinal conditions may facilitate the enzyme-triggered release of the nanoemulsions at the colon. More interestingly, the particle tracking experiments shown that the condensation process that occurs during the formation of the system may affect to the enzyme degradation of pectin. In this sense, the effect of the high degree of amidation of pectin may be more prevalent as structural feature rather than as a promoter of the enzyme-triggered release.
Identification of Sentinel Lymph Node Macrometastasis in Breast Cancer by Deep Learning Based on Clinicopathological Characteristics
Authors: Dihge Looket , Edén Patrik , Svensson Miriam , Zhang Daqu
Published: February 2024

The axillary lymph node status remains an important prognostic factor in breast cancer, and nodal staging using sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is routine. Randomized clinical trials provide evidence supporting de-escalation of axillary surgery and omission of SLNB in patients at low risk. However, identifying sentinel lymph node macrometastases (macro-SLNMs) is crucial for planning treatment tailored to the individual patient. This study is the first to explore the capacity of deep learning (DL) models to identify macro-SLNMs based on preoperative clinicopathological characteristics. We trained and validated five multivariable models using a population-based cohort of 18,185 patients. DL models outperform logistic regression under the constraint that the sensitivity is no less than 90%, reflecting the sensitivity of SLNB. This highlights the feasibility of noninvasive macro-SLNM prediction using DL. Feature importance analysis revealed that patients with similar characteristics exhibited different nodal status predictions, indicating the need for additional predictors for further improvement.
Measuring Inequality and Poverty with Income and Consumption in Mexico
Authors: Samano-Robles Claudia
Published: February 2024

This paper examines poverty and inequality measures in Mexico from 1994 to 2014 using income and consumption data. Four resource measures are constructed, two income-based and two consumption-based. The findings reveal that consumption inequality, as measured by the Gini index, is consistently lower than income inequality. Growth Incidence Curves indicate pro-poor growth, and the analysis shows that income-poor and consumption-poor households don't entirely overlap, with a reduced overlap in 2014. This suggests underreporting in the lower income distribution, possibly due to increased informal employment. The argument is that consumption-based measures offer better approximations of household living standards and can complement income measures.
JEL Classification: I32, D63
Black hole jets on the scale of the Cosmic Web
Authors: Oei Martijn S.S.L. , Hardcastle Martin J. , Timmerman Roland , Gast Aivin R.D.J.G.I.B. , Botteon Andrea , Rodriguez Antonio C. , Stern Daniel , Rivera Gabriela Calistro , Weeren Reinout J. van , Röttgering Huub J.A. , Intema Huib T. , de Gasperin Francesco , Djorgovski S.G.
Published: February 2024

Jets launched by supermassive black holes transport relativistic leptons, magnetic fields, and atomic nuclei from the centres of galaxies to their outskirts and beyond. These outflows embody the most energetic pathway by which galaxies respond to their Cosmic Web environment. Studying black hole feedback is an astrophysical frontier, providing insights on star formation, galaxy cluster stability, and the origin of cosmic rays, magnetism, and heavy elements throughout the Universe. This feedback’s cosmological importance is ultimately bounded by the reach of black hole jets, and could be sweeping if jets travel far at early epochs. Here we present the joint LOFAR–uGMRT–Keck discovery of a black hole jet pair extending over 7 megaparsecs — the largest galaxy-made structure ever found. The outflow, seen 7.5 gigayears into the past, spans two-thirds of a typical cosmic void radius, thus penetrating voids at ∼95% probability. This system demonstrates that jets can avoid destruction by magnetohydrodynamical instabilities over cosmological distances, even at epochs when the Universe was 15–7 times denser than it is today. Whereas previous record-breaking outflows were powered by radiatively inefficient active galactic nuclei, this outflow is powered by a radiatively efficient active galactic nucleus, a type common at early epochs. If, as implied, a population of early void-penetrating outflows existed, then black hole jets could have overwritten the fields from primordial magnetogenesis. This outflow shows that energy transport from supermassive black holes operates on scales of the Cosmic Web and raises the possibility that cosmic rays and magnetism in the intergalactic medium have a non-local, cross-void origin.
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with surgically treated high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: A multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Lyu Yanhong , Liu Hai-xia , Han Xue , Yuan Peng , Wang Ming-yi , He Yuan-yuan , Ge Jun-li , Zou Wei , Jing Ru , Xin Cai-shi , Yang Hong , chen biliang , Chen Gao-Wen , li jia
Published: February 2024

Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors and survival outcome of patients with surgically treated high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC).
Methods It was a multi-center, retrospective study that involved 98 cervical cancer patients with stage IA2-IIIC high-grade NECC. We divided them into two groups based on histology: the pure group and the mixed group. All clinicopathological variables of patients were evaluated retrospectively. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods were used for analysis.
Results In our study, 60 patients was in the pure group and 38 patients was in the mixed group. Via COX multivariable analysis, the mixed histology was a protective factor impacting OS (P=0.026) and progression free survival(PFS)(P=0.018) in surgically treated high-grade NECC. On the other hand, the survival outcomes were negatively impacted by ovarian reservation (OS: HR, 20.84; 95%CI, 5.02~86.57, P<0.001), age>45y(OS: HR, 4.50; 95%CI, 1.08~18.83, P=0.039), tumor size>4cm(OS: HR, 6.23; 95%CI, 2.34~16.61, P<0.001), parity>3(OS: HR, 4.50; 95%CI, 1.02~19.91, P=0.048), and perineural invasive(OS: HR, 5.21; 95%CI, 1.20~22.53, P=0.027) . The Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed notable variances in terms of histologic type (OS: P=0.045; PFS: P=0.024), chemotherapy (OS: P=0.0056; PFS: P=0.0041), ovarian reservation (OS: P=0.00031; PFS: P=0.0023), uterus invasion (OS:P<0.0001; PFS: P<0.0001) and depth of stromal invasion (OS:P=0.043; PFS: P=0.022).
Conclusions Patients with mixed histologic type who undergo surgery for NECC have a better prognosis. Meanwhile, ovarian reservation, tumor size>4cm, parity>3, age>45y and perineural invasion are poor predictors of prognosis. Patients with those high-risk factors should be taken seriously in clinical practice.
Comparison of the Accuracy of the Image Registration Methods for the impressions of edentulous jaws
Authors: Liu Ming-Li , Li Xiao-Tong , Qu Zhe
Published: February 2024

Objective
In medical image research, such as the comparison before and after treatment, the comparison of different treatment methods, etc., correct registration is the prerequisite for the reliability of image deviation research results, and the best fitting alignment is a common method, but whether there are application conditions or application techniques is rarely reported in the literature.The aim of present study was to investigate the accuracy of two registration methods, best fit alignment and manual multi-point alignment followed by global registration, used in edentulous jaw impressions.
Materials and Methods
Traditional complete denture impressions were taken via two methods: open-mouth and closed-mouth methods. The edentulous impression models, including maxilla:14 pairs and mandible:12 pairs, were scanned in the model scanner and saved in STL format. In the reverse engineering software Geomagic Control 2014, two registration methods, namely, best fit alignment and manual multi-point alignment combined with global registration, were used independently to align the open-mouth and closed-mouth impressions of the same patient, and the 3-dimensional (3D) deviation between the reference and test models was recorded. SPSS26.0, paired t test, significance criterion two-sided α = 0.05.
Results
The nominal value threshold was less common in the best fit alignment group (maxilla 48.58%, mandible 44.16%) than in the manual + global registration group (maxilla 70.55%, mandible 66.27%), maxilla P = 0.000 < 0.05, mandible P = 0.014 < 0.05. The root mean square (RMS), average positive deviation and average negative deviation of the best-fit alignment group were greater than those of the manual + global registration group, there were significant differences in the maxillary (P < 0.05), but not significant difference in the mandibular (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
The manual multi-point combined global registration method is more accurate than the best fitting alignment used in the registration of edentulous jaw impressions and is more effective for the maxilla.
Domain Adaptation Using Large Scale Databases for Sleep Staging from a Novel In-Ear Sensor
Authors: Waters Samuel , Berent Jonathan , Saini Prabhjyot , Clifford Gari
Published: February 2024

Background: Sleep disorders and poor sleep quality contribute to serious health problems and loss of quality of life, however there are few ways to reliably monitor the progression or treatment of sleep disorders for periods of more than a few nights. Long-term at-home monitoring of sleep quality is typically conducted via wrist-worn actigraphy sensors or subjective surveys, however such methods are far less reliable than full in-hospital polysomnography. Recent advances however have been made in using ear EEG as an alternative to scalp EEG for sleep staging , among other tasks. NextSense Inc. has developed a commercial EEG sensor which fits within the ear canal and which has been shown to be effective for seizure detection.
Methods: We developed and evaluated the effectiveness of a deep transfer learning-based automated sleep staging algorithm for use with the NextSense device. A deep neural network was pre-trained on 1100 in-hospital polysomno-grams from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort before fine-tuning on 8 recordings taken using the NextSense device.
Results: Our approach achieved leave-one-subject-out cross-validation accuracy of 77.3% and Cohen’s κ of .647, beating the performance of multiple FDA-approved wearable scalp EEG sensors.
Conclusion: These findings validate the use of the NextSense earbuds for use in sleep staging and open the possibility for at-home sleep monitoring using methods which are both more reliable than wrist-worn sensors and less cumbersome than bulky scalp EEG sensors.
WITHDRAWN: Effects of Mineral pitch (Asphaltum punjabianum) supplemented diet on rohu (Labeo rohita): growth performance, immunological indices, antioxidant enzymes, and expression levels of immunity and growth- related genes
Authors: Khan Shawal
Published: February 2024

A 60 day completely randomized feeding experiment in triplicate was designed to evaluate the effect of a Mineral pitch supplemented diet on the growth performance and overall health status of Labeo rohita. Uniform-sized 240 rohu (average weight 60.2 ± 0.02g) were evenly distributed in 12 concrete rectangular tanks (1250 L) at a stocking density of 1g L− 1. Fish were divided into 4 groups i.e., the control group (C; provided with 32% CP basal diet), while other experimental groups were reared on Mineral pitch supplemented diet i.e., 2g (T2), 4g (T4), and 6g (T6) Mineral pitch kg− 1 diet. Results indicated a significant effect of Mineral pitch supplementation on the growth performance of fish i.e., improved weight gain (%WG), specific growth rate (% SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) with maximum response observed in T6 group of fish followed by T4. Moreover, proximate analysis of muscle followed the same trend with increased levels of crude protein, lipids, and ash in the T6 group of fish. Also, significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved immunological indices (WBC, total plasma protein, IgM, lysozyme, respiratory burst, and phagocytic activity), hemato-biochemical indices (RBC, HCT, Hb, MCH, MCV, MCHC, AST, ALT) and anti-oxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, POD, LPO) was observed in T6 group of fish followed by T4. Furthermore, nutrigenomic studies also indicated increased mRNA level of growth response genes (MyoD and MyoG) in muscle and immune genes (Lysozyme C and TNF-α) in the liver of the experimental group of fish with maximum levels in the T6 group followed by T4 group. Overall results of the study revealed Mineral pitch supplementation in L. rohita as potential growth and an immune booster at a dosage level of 6 g kg− 1 in the diet.
Management model of caregiver’s grief in a tertiary oncological center Hospice: from anticipatory mourning to condolence conversation: preliminary observations
Authors: Gallio Ivan , Lorusso Marina , Moscato Matilde , Miranti Chiara , Pasalic Mirsad , Formaglio Fabio , Feltrin Alessandra , Ruggiero Elena
Published: February 2024

Background
Bereavement is a physiological process of great importance in palliative care; grief-processing disorders can be diagnosed after at least 6 months after death and have severe clinical or psychological consequences. Aim of the study is to verify how adequate management of anticipatory mourning and condolence conversation in the early grief stages can be protective.
Methods
Patients and caregivers are supported by the multidisciplinary team by semi structured interviews. In condolence conversation within 1 month of the death, we identify elements of suspicion of psychological fragility that require support for an adequate processing of the loss.
Results
From condolence conversation, only 3% of the caregivers who had been psychologically supported during the hospital stay and demonstrated a good level of acceptance of their relative's end of life, showed problems in grieving within 1 month of death; none showed excessive avoidance of memories, difficulties with trust and feelings of emotional loneliness.
Conclusions
Despite the limitations, the preliminary data of our study clearly suggests the protective potential of multidisciplinary support, particularly in the risk of developing grief processing disorders. These considerations encourage us to implement our model of clinical and psychological support system and develop paths dedicated to caregivers in greater difficulty.
Can the public debt of African countries be mitigated by migrant remittances?
Authors: AVOM Désiré , ONGO Bruno , NGUEMJOM Olivier , Ndjoua Ndumbe Abdelaziz , Henry Ngah Ntiga Louis
Published: February 2024

The aim of this article is to study the effect of migrant remittances (RFM) on the public debt of a sample of 48 African countries over the period 1990-2020. To achieve this, we specify a panel model that we estimate using the generalized method of moments. The results show that migrant remittances reduce public debt in Africa in such a way that a 1% increase in the level of RFM would allow a 0.015% reduction in the level of public debt of African countries. Indeed, RFM can reduce public debt levels by broadening the country's tax base, by increasing foreign exchange earnings and by misaligning the exchange rate, depending on whether or not the country's currency is pegged to a foreign currency. We recommend that decision-makers set up incentives for formal remittances via digital channels, in particular by simplifying costs and procedures, and pursue policies aimed at better inclusion of the diaspora in the realization of major development projects in Africa, with a focus of RFM on productive investments which, combined with local development policies, will in the long term make it possible to have an independent national currency.
Experimental tests and simulations about the efficiency of commercial hybrid inverters operating at variable power factor
Authors: Ventura Cristina , Tina Giuseppe Marco , De Benedetti Massimiliano Maurizio , Dugo Daniele , Abouchabana Nabil
Published: February 2024

The main problems of the non-programmable generation proliferation, mainly photovoltaic, are related to the angle and frequency stability of the power system. Therefore, new rules to make distributed generation participate in network stability are needed. Consequently, national and international grid codes have been updated requiring distributed generators to supply ancillary services, such as the voltage and frequency regulation. Most LV grid connected inverter based systems are only setup to inject power at unity power factor, meaning they only produce active power. However, the Italian Standards, and in particular the CEI 0–21, require to hybrid inverters of residential systems to include the possibility of being able to absorb or supply reactive energy. This allows to limit the over / under voltages problems. In this context, the inverters’ manufacturers have introduced the necessary changes in order to allow residential inverters to set the power factor. These new potentialities have been exploited in order to study the inverter performance with the variation of the power factor, considering both the inductive and the capacitive behaviour. In particular, the presented paper focuses on the experimental tests on a hybrid inverter based system for residential use with the aim of evaluating the dependence of the inverter efficiency on the power factor. Based on measured values, a Matlab/Simulink simulator has been developed for modelling the system with the aim of evaluating the control systems in order to participate in regulation services and to evaluate the inverter efficiency in case of power factor different from the unit.
Birefringence of Anomalous Rotary Photon Drag Trough Induced Chiral Atomic Medium.
Authors: BILAL MUHAMMAD
Published: February 2024

This study examines the phenomenon birefringence of anomalous rotary photon drag in a chiralatomic medium by analyzing the effects on left and right circularly polarized beams. The maximumanomalous rotary photon drags for RCP beam is measured to −6.2 nanoradian and for LCP beamis measured to −11 nanoradian. Detuning and Rabi frequencies of control fields reduce dragon LCP and RCP beams. The anomalous rotary photon drag for RCP beam maximized to −8nanoradian and LCP beam is maximized to −11 nanoradian at the control field Rabi frequency,while at other control Rabi frequency are maximized to −9.5 nanoradian and −30 nanoradianforRCP/LCP beams. The results shows signeficant application imaging coding technology.
Exploring the relationships between emotions in fake news
Authors: Rubio Luis Rojas , Villegas Claudio Meneses , Norambuena Brian Keith
Published: February 2024

Social media has emerged as one of the main conduits of information for individuals, owing to itsimmediacy and social interactivity, enabling users to share content they find relevant. However, thiswidespread use has given rise to the proliferation of fake news—publications that lack authenticity or areentirely false. In the state of the art, various approaches have been taken to address fake news, includinguser-centric, propagation-centric, interaction-centric, and textuality-centric perspectives. This articlecontributes to the latter by conducting empirical work that seeks to identify fake news and characterize theemotions associated to these fake news in a dataset comprising social media posts. Utilizing the datasetsGossipCop, PolitiFact, and CoronaFake, the objective is twofold: (1) train models for the identification offake news and (2) identify and characterize the emotions associated with fake news. This encompasseseverything from collecting tweets to characterizing emotions. The undertaken work concludes that, onaverage, the algorithms employed achieve an accuracy of 90.2% in identifying fake news. Furthermore, itprovides a characterization of the emotions associated with fake news within the datasets.