bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overcoming problems in the development of the metallurgical industry to ensure the technological sovereignty of Russia considering the state of the mineral and raw material base
Authors: Leont’ev L. I. , Zayakin O. V. , Volkov A. I.
Published: April 2024

Data on the volumes of imported and exported materials of the metallurgical industry in Russia are presented. The domestic industry, despite the rich mineral resource base, depends on imported supplies for a whole list of ore concentrates, oxides and other compounds, metals, and ferroalloys, as well as for certain grades of steel and metal products, which leads to high risks in the field of the country’s security and sustainable development. The authors analyze the situation associated with the dependence on supplies of ore materials, metals, and alloys from abroad and give examples of promising technological options for the development of domestic production using Russia’s own mineral resource base.
Aerosol pollution of the Moscow megacity by polyaromatic hydrocarbons: Seasonal variability and toxicological risks
Authors: Semenova A. V. , Popovicheva O. B. , Zavgorodnyaya Yu. A. , Chichaeva M. A. , Kovach R. G. , Kosheleva N. E. , Minkina T. M. , Kasimov N. S.
Published: April 2024

Research on air pollution in large cities by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is one of the priority tasks for assessing air quality and environmental risks to public health. The chemical composition of aerosols sampled in spring (2018), 2019, and winter (2019–2020) at the Aerosol Complex of Moscow State University, located on the background territory of the Moscow Megacity, is analyzed. Sixteen priority PAH compounds were identified using gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The median value of the total concentration of the 16 PAHs (Σ16PAH) increases from the spring season (1.43 ng/m3) to the fall season (1.68 ng/m3) and then to the winter season (2.47 ng/m3). Based on the diagnostic relationships of PAHs, the dominant contribution of transport, industrial enterprises, and the heating system to the total emissions was determined. Pollution roses indicate the location of sources of maximum concentrations of low-, medium-, and high-molecular PAHs. Pollution episodes are distinguished: in the spring of 2018 under the influence of the transport of smoke plumes of agricultural fires and in the fall of 2019 as a result of petrogenic emissions and an increase in biomass burning in the residential sector around Moscow. In the winter and fall seasons, the highest values of carcinogenic (0.45 and 0.42) and mutagenic (0.58 and 0.55) equivalents for benzo(a)pyrene were recorded in comparison with the spring season (0.26 and 0.38). The lifetime risk of developing lung cancer, calculated from the data for three seasons, is 0.5 cases per one million people.
Selective extraction of lithium from mineral, hydromineral, and secondary raw materials
Authors: Tsivadze A. Yu. , Baulin V. E. , Kostikova G. V. , Bezdomnikov A. A.
Published: April 2024

Russia enjoys large reserves of lithium, enabling it to fully meet the needs of the domestic market with the prospect of developing production of lithium-ion batteries, electric vehicles, unmanned systems, and portable electronics. Lithium mining is a complex process determined by the climate, the composition of the brine, and the effectiveness of available technologies. Today, Russian lithium extraction technologies are developing in two directions: sorption and extraction. The article, which is based on the materials of the report delivered at the meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences on April 11, 2023, discusses general trends and prospects for improving lithium extraction methods, including liquid–liquid extraction and sorption.
Introductory article
Authors: Zaikina G. A.
Published: April 2024

On May 23 and 24, 2023, a regular General Meeting of members of the Russian Academy of Sciences was held in Moscow, in the Great Hall of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was attended by First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation A.R. Belousov, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation K.I. Kosachev, First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation A.D. Zhukov, Minister of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation V.N. Fal'kov, Minister of Health of the Russian Federation M.A. Murashko. The meeting was also attended by the chairmen of the relevant committee of the State Duma and the Federation Council; deputy ministers; presidents of Russian academies of education, arts, architecture, and construction sciences; and representatives of state corporations.
GENE TAG7 AND ITS TRANSCRIPT TAG7 PROTEIN: PERSPECTIVES OF MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Yashin D. V. , Sashchenko L. P. , Georgiev G. P.
Published: April 2024

Tag7 protein is a multifunctional protein with antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. The interaction of Tag7 with the TREM-1 receptor on monocytes leads to the appearance of lymphocytes that kill tumor cells. The Tag7-Hsp70 complex binds to the TNFR1 receptor, causing cell death in a number of tumors through apoptosis and necroptosis. The Tag7-Mts1 complex interacts with the CCR5 receptor and attracts cytotoxic lymphocytes to the tumor. The interaction of Tag7 itself with TNFR1 and TREM-1 receptors prevents the binding of other ligands to this receptor, which gives an anti-inflammatory effect. Peptides imitating different Tag7 activities have been identified in Tag7. The results obtained allow us to count on possible applications of the Tag7 protein in the treatment of oncological and autoimmune diseases.
“OWE THEIR BEGINNING TO THE ACADEMY”: MAGNETIC AND METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATORIES IN THE FAR EAST IN THE XIX CENTURY
Authors: Feklova T. Yu.
Published: April 2024

For the first time in the modern historiography in the article discusses the history of the organization and activity of the magnetic and meteorological observatories of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Pacific coast (Russian Far East, China, Alaska). The novelty of the claimed topic is the widespread application of sources from the Russian archives (Saint-Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of sciences, Russian State Historical Archive, the Russian State Navy Archive, the Russian National Library (Department of Manuscripts) and legislative acts, which were not previously achievable to the scientific community. These materials made possible to painstakingly cover the history of those observatories. The author paid special attention to the role of the Academy in the establishment of the observatories. In the article were established the names of the observatory’s directors, under whose leadership magnetic and meteorological research was expanded in the Far East and Sibiria, difficult both of socio-political conditions and transport accessibility. The author also analyzed the role of the international scientific community and the contribution of academician of the Russian Academy of sciences A.Ya. Kupfer in the establishment of some observatories.
THE GLOBALIZATION OF NATO ACTIVITIES: UNIMPLEMENTED AND PROMISING SCENARIOS
Authors: Trunov Ph. O.
Published: April 2024

During the decade 2014–2023 NATO has again focused on the containment of powerful non-Western powers (Russia and also China). It means that the Alliance has returned to the logic of functioning and development of the past Cold War. At the same time NATO has intensified its desire for globalization of activities, but in a different geographical configuration and forms then they were at the beginning of XXIst century. The article tries to explore the process of the globalization of the Alliance activities, uses the theory of armed forces’ building and the theory of alliances. The author issues the dynamics and the results of unsuccessful NATO’s attempts to become the security provider for unstable states in the Middle and Near East (since 2000-s). The choice of new directions of NATO activities outside the Alliance’s area of responsibility was reasoned by the need to increase the effectiveness of the “deterrence” of Russia, “containment” of China, emphasizing the Alliance’s viability in the situation when the new world order has started to form. The new directions of the NATO’s usage at the global level are becoming the Arctic (basing on the cooperation with Norway as the Alliance’s member state) and Indo-Pacific region (the key track is the deepening cooperation with Japan and Australia). The scientific paper explores political and military steps of NATO and concludes about the perspectives of NATO activities in both regions.
THE MILITARY-ORIENTED R&D ORGANIZATION AND MANAGMENT SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Pankova L. V. , Gusarova O. V. , Stefanovich D. V.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of defense RD management in the USA as one of the global leaders in innovation and digital development. The authors aim to deepen the understanding of the organizational and managerial component of the defense RD domain both conceptually and in terms of its general structure, planning and regulation under the dynamic scientific and technological transformations. The authors note the active tendency to improve the model of interaction between government organizations and business and highlight the most significant innovative organizational and management initiatives in the defense RD domain, as well as the main factors and tools of their implementation.
LATIN AMERICAN MEMBERS OF CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE: THE ARGENTINA’S WAY
Authors: Arsentyeva I. I.
Published: April 2024

According to Beijing, its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) provides an inclusive platform for cooperation between participating countries in order to build an open and comprehensive architecture of international relations. The BRI’s extension to Latin America and the Caribbean in 2018 is one of the evidences of its success.
The article analyzes Argentina’s entry into the BRI in the context of Sino-Argentine relations in 2018–2021 and the main reasons for signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on the BRI in February 2022. Particular attention is paid to the reaction to this event within Argentina and abroad, as well as the impact of the participation in the initiative on Sino-Argentine relations and the implementation of the BRI in the Latin American region. The possible ways of further development of the situation are predicted.
CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE SEA OF AZOV REGION OVER THE LAST 126 THOUSAND YEARS AND THE PROBLEM OF LOW FLOW
Authors: Matishov G. G. , Titov V. V.
Published: April 2024

In the last 15 years, in the south of the European part of Russia, including in the Sea of Azov region, there has been a period of low water associated with a decrease of river flow. This leads to a number of negative consequences for the population of the region, agriculture, inland navigation, and transformations of the ecosystems of the Sea of Azov. The article discusses a retrospective analysis of changing of climate and watering of the territory during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, based both on the results of paleogeographic studies and on archival and historical data. It is shown that changes in environmental parameters, including the amount of precipitation, on which the full flow of the Don river depends, is cyclical. Currently, there is a cycle associated with a significant decrease of the annual precipitation amount and an increase in average annual temperatures.
ACADEMICIAN P.K. ANOKHIN DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR TO THE 125th ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH
Authors: Sherstnev V. V. , Venerina Ya. A.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the activities of the outstanding Russian physiologist, creator of the theory of the functional system, one of the founders of biological cybernetics, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences P.K. Anokhin during the Great Patriotic War. During the War, P.K. Anokhin worked as a neurosurgeon, operated and consulted the wounded soldiers, introduced into medical practice the method of transplanting a formalinized nerve proposed by him, as well as methods for diagnosing of military injuries of nerve trunks and treating causalgic pain, which allowed many wounded soldiers to return their health. At the same time, P.K. Anokhin conducted research on the physiological mechanisms of the pathogenesis of nerve lesions in military trauma, carried out active pedagogical and organizational activities.
Social Determinants of Health, Risk and Resilience against Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias: The Healthy Brain Initiative
Authors: Besser Lilah M. , Edwards Kyle , Lobban Nina-Simone , Tolea Magdalena I. , Galvin James E.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Few studies have investigated associations between perceived social determinants of health (SDOH) and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) biomarkers or between SDOH and resilience against ADRD.

Objective:

To examine associations between perceived and objective SDOH and ADRD-related outcomes.

Methods:

We used cross-sectional data on≥50-year-olds without dementia in the Healthy Brain Initiative (n = 162). Questionnaires captured trust in neighbors and indices of perceived neighborhood greenspace access, time spent in neighborhood greenspaces, and interpersonal discrimination. Residential addresses were linked to 2021 Area Deprivation Index scores. The Vulnerability Index (VI) is based on 12 dementia risk factors (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, diabetes) and Resilience Index (RI) is based on 6 protective factors (e.g., diet, mindfulness, physical activity). Cognitive measured included number symbol coding task and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Biomarkers included Aβ42/40 and pTau-217/npTau-217, hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity volume, lipoprotein A, and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein.

Results:

Perceived greater access to greenspaces (estimate = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.40–4.26) and greater time in neighborhood greenspaces were associated with greater RI scores (estimate = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.24–3.35). Reporting greater discrimination (estimate = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.04–0.16) and living in higher deprivation neighborhoods were associated with greater VI scores (estimate = 0.017, 95% CI = 0.003–0.032). Greater discrimination was associated with greater white matter hyperintensity volume (estimate = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.04–0.51).

Conclusions:

Perceived greenspace access and time spent in greenspaces were associated with resilience against ADRD, and interpersonal discrimination was associated with vulnerability to ADRD. Future work needs to validate perceived SDOH measures, examine associations in racially/ethnic diverse populations, and investigate longitudinal associations between SDOH and ADRD-related biomarkers.
Visualization of Microcirculation at Acupoints in vivo of Alzheimer’s Disease Animal Model with Photoacoustic Microscope: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jiang Jing , Wang Zidong , Yu Ruxia , Yang Jiayi , Wang Qiucheng , Wu Guoqing , Tao Yilin , Zhao Xiaoyue , Wang Yue , Li Zhigang , Qin Xiaoqian
Published: April 2024

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease may be effectively treated with acupoint-based acupuncture, which is acknowledged globally. However, more research is needed to understand the alterations in acupoints that occur throughout the illness and acupuncture treatment.

Objective:

This research investigated the differences in acupoint microcirculation between normal mice and AD animals in vivo. This research also examined how acupuncture affected AD animal models and acupoint microcirculation.

Methods:

6-month-old SAMP8 mice were divided into two groups: the AD group and the acupuncture group. Additionally, SAMR1 mice of the same month were included as the normal group. The study involved subjecting a group of mice to 28 consecutive days of acupuncture at the ST36 ( Zusanli) and CV12 ( Zhongwan) acupoints. Following this treatment, the Morris water maze test was conducted to assess the mice’s learning and memory abilities; the acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscope (AR-PAM) imaging system was utilized to observe the microcirculation in CV12 acupoint region and head-specific region of each group of mice.

Results:

In comparison to the control group, the mice in the AD group exhibited a considerable decline in their learning and memory capabilities ( p < 0.01). In comparison to the control group, the vascular in the CV12 region and head-specific region in mice from the AD group exhibited a considerable reduction in length, distance, and diameter r ( p < 0.01). The implementation of acupuncture treatment had the potential to enhance the aforementioned condition to a certain degree.

Conclusions:

These findings offered tangible visual evidence that supports the ongoing investigation into the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture’s therapeutic effects.
Enhanced treatment of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning using activated charcoal-embedded sodium alginate-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel
Authors: Yan Li , Peng Ying
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: The adsorption of activated charcoal is currently a major clinical treatment for acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP). However, the adsorption duration and efficiency of this method is unstable. OBJECTIVE: In this study, a hydrogel embedding activated charcoal was prepared and its alleviating effects on AOPP were investigated. METHODS: A composite hydrogel using sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol (SA-PVA) hydrogel was prepared in this study. The structural properties of the SA-PVA hydrogel were characterized via multiple analysis including FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, tensile strength and expansion rate. Based on these, activated charcoal (AC) was embedded within the SA-PVA hydrogel (SA-PVA-AC) and it was used for the treatment of AOPP. RESULTS: Structural characterization indicated SA-PVA hydrogel possesses excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The in vivo study demonstrated that SA-PVA-AC significantly alleviated the inflammation and oxidative damage in the liver, as evidenced by reduced levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and, IL-1β, SOD, and MDA. Furthermore, SA-PVA-AC treatment effectively re-regulated the activities of serum AST and ALT, exhibiting an improved effect on liver function. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that activated charcoal embedded within SA-PVA hydrogel has significant potential as a therapeutic agent in treating AOPP, and offering a novel approach to managing pesticide-induced toxicity.
Different montages of transcranial direct current stimulation on postural stability in chronic low back pain patients: A randomized sham-controlled study
Authors: Masoudi Mona , Ehsani Fatemeh , Hedayati Rozita , Ramezani Mona , Jaberzadeh Shapour
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Impairment in both the motor and cognitive aspects of postural control is a critical issue in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) who experience high pain anxiety (HPA). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effects of cathodal and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (c-tDCS and a-tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on postural control during cognitive postural tasks in CLBP patients with HPA. METHODS: This study included 66 patients randomly assigned to three groups: DLPFC a-tDCS, DLPFC c-tDCS, and sham tDCS. All groups received 20 minutes of tDCS, but the stimulation was gradually turned off in the sham group. Postural stability indices were assessed using the Biodex Balance System. RESULTS: Both the a-tDCS and c-tDCS groups showed a significant reduction in most postural stability indices at static and dynamic levels after the interventions (immediately, 24 hours, and one-week follow-up) during the cognitive postural task (P< 0.01). Additionally, there was a significant improvement in postural balance in the a-tDCS and c-tDCS groups compared to the sham tDCS group (P< 0.01). Furthermore, the a-tDCS group showed significantly greater improvement than the c-tDCS group (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION: Based on the results, both a-tDCS and c-tDCS over the DLPFC had positive effects on postural control during cognitive postural tasks in CLBP patients with HPA.
Assessment of lower limb proprioception after fibula free flap harvest: A pilot study
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Chen Jianmin , Wang Zhiyong , Ni Jun
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: After undergoing fibula-free flap harvest, patients may experience complications such as ankle instability. It remains unclear whether these patients have deficits of proprioception, and the recovery process is also uncertain. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to objectively evaluate proprioception on the donor and normal side of surgical patients during long-term follow-up using the Pro-kin system. METHODS: This study enrolled 36 patients who underwent reconstruction of the head and neck using osseous free flaps harvested from the fibula. Each patient underwent pre-operative evaluations and was subsequently evaluated at postoperative months 1, 3, 6, and 12. The study assessed the proprioceptive evaluation of the lower limbs, muscle function, range of motion of the ankle, and donor side complications. RESULTS: On the donor side, the average trace error (ATE) at postoperative month 1 was significantly higher than pre-operation, postoperative months 6 and 12 (P< 0.05). The test execution time (TTE) at postoperative month 1 was significantly increased by 9.875s compared to the pre-operative levels (P= 0.012, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4: 1.877–17.873) and by 11.583s compared to postoperative month 12 (P= 0.007, 95% CI: 2.858–20.309). The reduction in range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion was most pronounced at postoperative month 1, exhibiting an 11.25∘ decrease compared to pre-operative levels (P< 0.001, 95% CI: 6.304–16.16). Although the range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion gradually improved over time at postoperative months 3, 6, and 12, it remained lower than pre-operative levels (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the patients exhibited proprioceptive disturbances in both lower limbs at postoperative month 1. The proprioceptive function gradually improved over time, with a gradual decrease in donor site complications.
Low back pain and kinesiophobia in pregnant women
Authors: Koca Tuba Tülay , Özer Alev
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: During pregnancy, many pregnant women experience lumbopelvic pain due to mechanical, systemic, and hormonal reasons and this pain and fear of movement (kinesiophobia) causes daily life limitations. OBJECTIVE: To examine low back pain (LBP), kinesiophobia, disability, and related conditions that develop together during pregnancy. METHODS: The was a cross-sectional and analytical study. The presence, severity, and duration of pain in the lumbopelvic region were questioned. Postpartum LBP was evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire, disability using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), pain intensity using a visual analog scale (VAS), physical activity levels using the physical activity level during pregnancy questionnaire and the international physical activity questionnaire short form, and kinesiophobia was evaluated using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. RESULTS: The study comprised 120 pregnant women with a mean age of 27.4 ± 6.1 years. It was observed that 42.3% of the pregnant had LBP (n= 69). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 73.6 ± 16.2 kg/m2, and the mean VAS score was 5.5 ± 2 cm. When we divided the group according to the presence of LBP, age (p= 0.49), gestational week (p= 0.75), and gravida (p= 0.81) were similar. BMI (p= 0.038) and ODI scores (p< 0.001) were higher in the group with LBP. CONCLUSION: LBP in pregnant women has a higher frequency than in the normal population, regardless of age, gestational week, and gravida. Obesity appears to be a risk factor for LBP and increases disability. Kinesiophobia in pregnant women is significantly associated with obesity and disability. Unless there are contraindications, a physically active pregnancy process and regular exercise should be recommend.
Weihrauch degrees without roots
Authors: Uftring Patrick
Published: April 2024

We answer the following question by Arno Pauly: “Is there a square root operator on the Weihrauch degrees?”. In fact, we show that there are uncountably many pairwise incomparable Weihrauch degrees without any roots. We also prove that the omniscience principles of LPO and LLPO do not have roots.
Unsupervised contaminated user profile identification against shilling attack in recommender system
Authors: Zhang Fei , Chan Patrick P.K. , He Zhi-Min , Yeung Daniel S.
Published: April 2024

A recommender system is susceptible to manipulation through the injection of carefully crafted profiles. Some recent profile identification methods only perform well in specific attack scenarios. A general attack detection method is usually complicated or requires label samples. Such methods are prone to overtraining easily, and the process of annotation incurs high expenses. This study proposes an unsupervised divide-and-conquer method aiming to identify attack profiles, utilizing a specifically designed model for each kind of shilling attack. Initially, our method categorizes the profile set into two attack types, namely Standard and Obfuscated Behavior Attacks. Subsequently, profiles are separated into clusters within the extracted feature space based on the identified attack type. The selection of attack profiles is then determined through target item analysis within the suspected cluster. Notably, our method offers the advantage of requiring no prior knowledge or annotation. Furthermore, the precision is heightened as the identification method is designed to a specific attack type, employing a less complicated model. The outstanding performance of our model, validated through experimental results on MovieLens-100K and Netflix under various attack settings, demonstrates superior accuracy and reduced running time compared to current detection methods in identifying Standard and Obfuscated Behavior Attacks.
RETRACTED: New algorithm for two-machine fuzzy flow shop scheduling problem with trapezoidal fuzzy processing time
Authors: Ranjith K. , Karthikeyan K.
Published: April 2024

This article has been retracted. A retraction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219433.
Intelligent learners distraction and drowsiness prediction through EEG signal and iris angel position with brain vision algorithm
Authors: Sageengrana S. , Selvakumar S.
Published: April 2024

Distraction and fatigue are serious issues in online learning, and they directly impact educational outcomes. To achieve excellent academic achievement, students need to focus on their studies without being distracted or fatigued. Learners frequently overlook crucial information, directions, and concepts while they are passive and sleepy. They tend to miss important content, instructions, and concepts. Iris Angle Position (IAP) and electroencephalography (EEG) were used in this model to identify the behaviour of learners. Specifically, a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) is constructed to extract IAP in order to accurately capture the learner’s facial area. EEG signals are effectively handled and sorted using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The learners’ facial landmarks are retrieved from a frame using the dlib toolbox. Only eye landmark points from face landmarks alone are focused on in order to determine the learner’s behaviour. When the learners EEG signals and Iris positions are monitored simultaneously, it’s helpful to identify the learner’s fatigue state (LFS) and the learner’s distraction state (LDS). The Brain Vision Algorithm (BVA) uses iris position and minimal facial landmarks, along with brain activity, to properly identify the learner’s level of distraction and exhaustion. When a student is detected as being preoccupied or sleepy, an alert goes off automatically, and the educator gets performance feedback. Iris position data and brain-computer interface-based EEG signal values are utilised to identify distraction and sleepiness. Comparative tests have demonstrated that this innovative method offers fast and high-accuracy student activity detection in virtual learning settings. Applying the suggested approach to different existing classifiers yields an F-Score of 91.92%, a recall of 93.87%, and a precision of 92.37% . The results showed that the detection rates for both distracted and sleepy phases were higher than those attained with other currently used techniques.
RETRACTED: IABC: A neural integral distinguisher for AND-RX Ciphers
Authors: Huang Ying , Li Lang , Li Di , Li Yongchao
Published: April 2024

This article has been retracted. A retraction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219433.
Self-organizing RBF neural network based on IPSO and neural strength1
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zheng Hongxuan , Zhang Runyu
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a self-organizing RBF (SORBF) neural network with an adaptive threshold is proposed based on improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) and neural strength (NS). The parameters and structure of SORBF can be optimized simultaneously and dynamically. Moreover, the tiresome problem of threshold setting is solved. Firstly, the network size and parameters of SORBF are mapped into the particle information of PSO. Secondly, an IPSO algorithm, based on diversity inertia weight and elite knowledge guiding, is proposed to reduce the probability of the population falling into the local optimum. Then, IPSO is used for optimizing the parameters of SORBF. Based on neuron growth intensity and competition intensity, SORBF can realize the hidden neuron addition and deletion adaptively. Moreover, the thresholds during the structure adjustment can be provided adaptively based on the network scale and neuron strength, which avoids the subjectivity setting and can improve the adaptive ability. Finally, the convergence analysis of IPSO is provided to ensure the performance of SORBF. Experiment results show that the proposed SORBF has good self-organizing ability and compact network structure compared with other methods.
RETRACTED: Research on pedestrian object detection algorithm in urban road scenes based on improved YOLOv5
Authors: Liu Zhaohui , Wang Xiao
Published: April 2024

This article has been retracted. A retraction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219433.
Who are small-scale food producers in Italy? Comparisons among different approaches
Authors: Gismondi Roberto
Published: April 2024

The question “What is a small-scale producer?” keeps receiving different answers depending on the context in which is posed. Alternative ways of defining smallholders reflect heterogeneous historical and institutional eco-systemic contexts and depend upon what is the role of small-scale agriculture in the rural economy. This has become a pressing issue given the need to monitor the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which refers to “small” farmers. Two important related issues are: 1) the adoption of a specific and robust definition of small-scale food producer (SSFP) and 2) the empirical implementation of this definition to determine the SSFPs. The calculations require suitable databases with microdata at the level of individual farms. Based on the 2020 agricultural census results, we identified the small food producers in Italy. We also proposed and compared other approaches to identify SSFPs, that are simpler than that proposed by the FAO and could also be calculated for other census years. Since revenues are not available for every farm – even the census did not collect this information – the standard indicator of production was used instead of revenues to identify SSFPs.
Multilinguality and LLOD: A survey across linguistic description levels
Authors: Gromann Dagmar , Apostol Elena-Simona , Chiarcos Christian , Cremaschi Marco , Gracia Jorge , Gkirtzou Katerina , Liebeskind Chaya , Mockiene Liudmila , Rosner Michael , Schuurman Ineke , Sérasset Gilles , Silvano Purificação , Spahiu Blerina , Truică Ciprian-Octavian , Utka Andrius , Valunaite Oleskeviciene Giedre
Published: April 2024

Limited accessibility to language resources and technologies represents a challenge for the analysis, preservation, and documentation of natural languages other than English. Linguistic Linked (Open) Data (LLOD) holds the promise to ease the creation, linking, and reuse of multilingual linguistic data across distributed and heterogeneous resources. However, individual language resources and technologies accommodate or target different linguistic description levels, e.g., morphology, syntax, phonology, and pragmatics. In this comprehensive survey, the state-of-the-art of multilinguality and LLOD is being represented with a particular focus on linguistic description levels, identifying open challenges and gaps as well as proposing an ideal ecosystem for multilingual LLOD across description levels. This survey seeks to contribute an introductory text for newcomers to the field of multilingual LLOD, uncover gaps and challenges to be tackled by the LLOD community in reference to linguistic description levels, and present a solid basis for a future best practice of multilingual LLOD across description levels.
Quality of experience assessment in virtual/augmented reality serious games for healthcare: A systematic literature review
Authors: Laghari Asif Ali , Estrela Vania V. , Li Hang , Shoulin Yin , Khan Abdullah Ayub , Anwar Muhammad Shahid , Wahab Abdul , Bouraqia Khadija
Published: April 2024

Virtual reality (VR) gaming (VRG) captures, examines, analysis, and renders the game data virtually instead of the users’ devices over efficient networks. E.g., VR is crucial in visually guided surgery and manifold therapies. Video Quality Assessment (VQA) helps VRG software and devices execute high-quality inputs/outputs. This paper debates VRG processes, environments, VQA metrics, Quality of Experience (QoE), platforms, current methods, tools, use in medicine, existing operational gains/challenges, and highlights future directions.
Enhancing security in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) with ECC-based Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange algorithm (ECDH)
Authors: S.S. Akilan , Devprasad Kayathri Devi , J Raja Sekar
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are integral to modern healthcare systems, providing continuous health monitoring and real-time data transmission. The sensitivity of medical data being transmitted makes security a significant concern in WBANs. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the application of the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)-based Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (ECDH) algorithm to enhance security within WBANs. METHOD: The study investigates the suitability of ECC for this context and evaluates the performance and security implications of implementing ECDH in WBANs. RESULTS: The findings reveal that ECDH provides a robust and computationally efficient solution for secure key exchange in WBANs, addressing inherent vulnerabilities. CONCLUSION: The adoption of ECC-based ECDH is poised to bolster data confidentiality and integrity in WBANs, promoting trust and widespread use of these networks in healthcare applications. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge regarding security measures in WBANs and opens new avenues for the secure transmission of sensitive medical information.
The use of Phytochemical, GC-MS Analysis and Hepatoprotective Effect of the Methanol Leaf Extract of Camellia Sinensis (L.) Kuntze on Paracetamol-Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats
Authors: Ukwubile Cletus Anes , Gangpete Semen Ibrahim , Kaosi Clement Chidi
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Camellia sinensis is a tree popularly called green tea used as a strong antioxidant and for treating diseases such as cancer. This present study was aimed at assessing the phytochemicals and evaluating the hepatoprotective activity of leaf extract in Wistar rats. METHODS: The phytochemical screening was performed by standard methods, acute toxicity study and hepatoprotective activity were evaluated in randomly groups of five rats or six rats in paracetamol-induced liver toxicity. RESULTS: The phytochemical screening of leaf extract revealed the presence of major metabolites. The GC-MS analysis showed 18 bioactive compounds which are mainly fatty acids with retention times between 7.436 and 18.462 min. A high total phenolic content (TPC) of 1425.22 mg GAE/g and a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 802.01 mg QE/g were obtained. The acute toxicity did not produce any sign of toxicity at a dose of 5,000 mg/kg of extract. The extract produced a dose-dependent activity on the liver. These protections were statistically significant (p<0.05) when compared to the standard drug silymarin. There were no elevated values in liver function biomarkers in all the animal groups as well as histopathological damages to the liver after eight weeks of treatment at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. of extract doses. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the study showed that C. sinensis methanol leaf extract contains important phytochemicals that are protective against paracetamol-induced liver injuries, thus, the plant was considered safe for use as ethnomedicinal remedies for liver disease in traditional medicine.
A Rare Case of Carcinoma Erysipeloides After TNBC Mastectomy: Challenges in Diagnosis and Implications for Treatment
Authors: Ahmed Amr , Akl Maher M.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Carcinoma erysipeloides (CE) is an uncommon but significant cutaneous manifestation of metastatic breast cancer, often misdiagnosed due to its rarity and nonspecific presentation. This is particularly true in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where the disease may progress undetected by conventional imaging modalities. OBJECTIVE: This manuscript aims to elucidate the challenges and implications of diagnosing CE in breast cancer survivors, emphasizing the insufficiency of PET scans in detecting such cutaneous metastases and the potential for mismanagement due to diagnostic oversight. METHODS: We present a detailed case study of a 43-year-old female with a history of metastatic TNBC, who developed suspicious skin lesions post-treatment. Despite initial negative PET scan results, further investigations revealed CE through histopathological examination of skin biopsies. RESULTS: The case highlights the critical need for biopsy in the presence of new skin lesions in breast cancer survivors, irrespective of imaging results. It also underscores the possibility of lymphatic spread of CE, which could lead to life-threatening complications if not properly managed. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of Carcinoma erysipeloides must be considered in patients with breast cancer presenting with unusual skin lesions. Increased vigilance and dermatological assessment should be integral to the post-cancer follow-up regimen. The findings advocate for revising current treatment protocols and guidelines to better manage and potentially prevent the complications associated with this diagnosis. RECOMMENDATIONS: Enhanced surveillance for dermatological changes and a more aggressive approach to the biopsy of new skin lesions in cancer patients are recommended to improve outcomes and prevent the misdiagnosis of CE.
Meanings and Communication of the Visual Representations of Headloading in the ‘Lazy Nigerian Youths’ Facebook Conversation
Authors: Morgan Trevor Vermont
Published: April 2024

This study examines the implicatures of headloading representation used in an online conversation termed, ‘Lazy Nigerian Youths’ (LNY). The social media conversation was prompted by a statement made by Nigeria's president in which he indirectly referred to the youths as ‘lazy’. Youths took to social media to vent their displeasure with the statement using various headloading images. The conversation spurred my investigation of concept of headloading as symbolic. Here, I analysed LNY images of headloads from Facebook using visual semiotics. This study expands the socio-economic and political frontiers of headloading. It deepens understanding of how various visual cultural practices in mediated spaces could reveal society's social structure and power status. Headloading, then signifies marginality, socio-economic struggle, and voice of dissent.
Quantum Theory of Soul Sickness and Soul Healing
Authors: Sha Zhigang , Xiu Rulin
Published: April 2024

Current allopathic medicine often treats symptoms without addressing the underlying root cause of sickness. To pursue more effective medicine, there's a growing call for integrating quantum principles into medical science. Soul sickness, frequently referenced in spiritual and religious texts, is posited as this fundamental cause of illness. But can we scientifically define and study soul sickness and soul healing? In this paper, leveraging insights from quantum physics regarding positive and negative information, we propose mathematical definitions for life, soul sickness, and soul healing. These definitions suggest that soul sickness arises when a life system's quantum field experiences a notable increase in negative information and/or a decrease in positive information. This state is identified as the root cause of various ailments and challenges in one's life. Soul healing, then, involves the transformation of negative information within the quantum field into positive information, effectively addressing the root causes of sickness and difficulties. Our discussion covers different types and causes of soul sickness, alongside multiple soul healing techniques, supported by clinical research and case studies. We assert that soul healing is an urgent necessity for individuals, humanity, and the world at large. These techniques can be applied personally or remotely, complementing existing medical practices and other healing modalities. Moreover, they are accessible and can be adopted by various professionals and individuals to enhance the effectiveness of treatments, thereby promoting health, wellness, and success in life.
The process of productivity in the community of common fescue-lerh wormwood (Artemisia lerchiana, Festuca valesiaca)
Authors:   M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Uteulieva D.T. , Alzhanova B.S. ,   M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Bisengazieva A.S. ,   M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Ikhlasova Zh.M. ,   M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Jangaziyeva B.Z. ,   M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of the study in accordance with the internationally accepted biological program of productivity, intensity of productivity-destructive processes and biological cycle of nitrogen and ash elements in the plant-soil system in the community of common Fescue-Lerh Wormwood (Artemisia lechiana, Festuca valesiaca). The studied area is located in the northeastern part of the Ural plateau in the Shelek district of Western Kazakhstan in a slightly undulating temperate dry-steppe zone with a slope to the valley of the Elek River in the Konchubai gully with dark chestnut carbonate-saline soils. The communities in the studied area are very important in pasture and forage farming. But under the influence of recent anthropogenic factors, vegetation and soil cover in plant communities are undergoing changes, the diversity of plant species is decreasing, biological productivity is decreasing, the circulation of chemical elements is changing, and plants of forage importance are being replaced by weevils. The community of common Fescue-Lerh Wormwood is characterized by moderate desertification, moderate digression. This community has decreased to 70% of the species diversity, and plants of forage importance have declined and have been slowly replaced by plants that are poor in feed. As a result of the effective use of this community can be restored.
Development, Validation, Identification and Estimation of Quinoline Yellow in the Levodopa and Carbidopa Pharmaceutical Combined dosage form by Ultra violet Visible Spectrophotometer
Authors: Bhagwan S. Mehetre  , Krishnakant T. Waghmode
Published: April 2024

A simple, cost-effective, précised, accurate and robust Ultra Violet spectrophotometric method [1, 2 ] has been developed for the Identification and estimation of Quinoline Yellow in the Levodopa and Carbidopa tablet dosage forms. It is used as a colourant in the pharmaceutical tablet’s dosage form. UV scan of Quinoline yellow was taken from the entire UV range of 200 to 800 nm. From the spectrum, maximum absorption was observed at 414nm (λmax) for the Quinoline Yellow. Method was found to be specific with no interference due to blank and placebo, The method was linear with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.999, and Accuracy was in the range of 98.3 to 101.3, In the robustness study employed for standard and sample preparation showed no impact on the results, by deliberate changes proves method is robust and can be utilized for regular analysis. Method validation was performed with reference to ICH guidelines Q2R1.
ВЗАЄМОДІЯ БІЗНЕСУ ТА МІСЦЕВОЇ ВЛАДИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Якубів Валентина Михайлівна , Бурик Мирослав Мирославович
Published: April 2024

Досягнення стратегічних цілей розвитку муніципальної освіти в умовах обмежених фінансових, кадрових та інших ресурсів неможливе без ефективної взаємодії місцевих органів влади, бізнес-спільноти та населення, яке проживає на його території. У зв'язку з цим запровадження нових механізмів управління, заснованих на партнерських відносинах, має стати одним із пріоритетів соціально-економічної політики. У статті розглядаються форми соціальної активності вітчизняних компаній у галузі корпоративної відповідальності на територіях їх присутності. У статті відзначається, що саме найнижчий рівень управління, де відбувається перетинання соціальних інтересів компаній та місцевих спільнот, має високий потенціал для соціальної активності компаній на благо суспільства. У статті пропонуються заходи щодо вдосконалення взаємодії влади та бізнесу, серед яких: розробка концепції в галузі корпоративної соціальної відповідальності на місцевому рівні та створення громадських рад щодо розвитку територій. Зазначено також, що для пожвавлення взаємодії бізнесу та місцевої влади доцільно в Україні запровадити інститут муніципально-приватного партнерства, яка постає як форма оптимізації здійснення муніципальними органами влади своїх функцій, ефективного надання населенню публічних благ. При цьому реалізується потенціал бізнесу із збереженням контролю муніципалітету у соціально значущих секторах економіки.
Історія держави та права : методичні рекомендації для підготовки до практичних занять та самостійної роботи здобувачів першого (бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти, галузі знань 08 «Право», спеціальності 081 «Право»
Authors:   Національний університет ", Аніщук Ніна Володимирівна ,   Одеська юридична академія", Горяга Оксана Вікторівна
Published: April 2024

Методичні рекомендації з дисципліни «Історія держави та права» за освітньо-професійною програмою «Захист прав людини» для підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти ступеня бакалавр на факультеті адвокатури та антикорупційної діяльності у Національному університеті «Одеська юридична академія» в галузі знань 08 «Право» за спеціальністю 081 «Право». До методичних рекомендацій увійшли тематичний план навчального курсу «Історія держави та права», який включає теми, що розглядаються на лекціях і практичних заняттях, а також теми, що передбачені в рамках самостійної роботи для підготовки до іспиту. Методичні рекомендації мають допомогти здобувачам належним чином засвоїти матеріал з дисципліни «Історія держави та права».