bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SISTEM INFORMASI PENGOLAHAN DATA STATUS GIZI PADA BALITA DI UPTD PUSKESMAS HARAPAN RAYA
Authors: Sohor Suherman
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Health center are the spearhead in the realization of the vision and mission of the Department of Health which among other is to improve the performance Health Center, by increasing public access to quality health services, monitoring and health information systems. In Harapan Raya Health Center, these processes must be done manually will require a longer time and have a risk of errors can occur in the process that will ultimately affect the performance of the respective health center. Process models to be used in Information Systems Data Processing In Toddlers Nutritional Status is based paradigm waterfall consisting of Systems Engineering, Requirements Analysis, Design, Coding, Testing, Implementation and Maintenance. In the construction of this information system, the authors use the Java programming language and MySQL as the database. Results of this research is the application of Information Systems Data Processing In Toddlers Nutritional Status In Harapan Raya Health Center more effective and accurate to assist officers in processing data nutrition nutritional status of children in the health center.

Key Word : Information Systems, Nutritional Status, Java, MySQL

 

ABSTRAK

Puskesmas merupakan ujung tombak dalam merealisasikan visi dan misi Departemen Kesehatan diantaranya adalah meningkatkan kinerja Puskesmas, dengan cara meningkatkan akses masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas, monitoring dan sistem informasi kesehatan. Tempat penelitian  di UPTD Puskesmas Harapan Raya, proses-proses tersebut dilakukan secara manual tentunya akan memerlukan waktu yang lebih lama serta memiliki resiko kesalahan dapat terjadi pada proses tersebut sehingga pada akhirnya akan berdampak pada kinerja Puskesmas bersangkutan. Model penelitian ini melalui proses yang akan digunakan dalam Sistem Informasi, Pengolahan Data Status Gizi Pada Balita  ini berdasarkan paradigma waterfall yang terdiri dari Systems Engineering, Requirements Analysis, Design, Coding, Testing, Implementation dan Maintenance. Dalam pembangunan Sistem Informasi ini, penulis menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java dan MySQL sebagai database. Hasil penelitian ini berupa aplikasi Sistem Informasi Pengolahan Data Status Gizi Pada Balita di UPTD Puskemas Harapan Raya yang lebih efektif,  akurat dan efesien untuk membantu petugas gizi dalam mengolah data status gizi balita di Puskesmas.

 

Kata Kunci : Sistem Informasi, Status Gizi, Java, MySQL
RANCANGAN APLIKASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KOSAKATA BAHASA ARAB SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM TERPADU ARSYAD ISLAMIC SCHOOL BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Hartomi Zupri Henra
Published: November 2021

Perkembangan dan pemanfaatan teknologi aplikasi kini telah merambah ke dunia pendidikan. Konsep program aplikasi dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu sistem pembelajaran yang edukatif dan interaktif. Sebelumnya metode  pembelajaran kosakata bahasa arab menggunakan metode klasikal. Adanya aplikasi pembelajaran kosakata bahasa arab dapat mempermudah dalam proses pembelajaran terhadap siswa. Aplikasi ini dirancang sesuai dengan modul dan kurikulum pembelajaran bahasa arab. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat aplikasi pembelajaran kosakata bahasa arab sebagai media pembelajaran yang mudah dipahami dan diterapkan oleh Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Arsyad Islamic School. Langkah-langkah untuk membuat aplikasi pembelajaran kosakata bahasa arab diantaranya merancang konsep, pengumpulan data, persiapan hardware dan software, design tampilan, pembuatan prototype, pengujian dan evaluasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa aplikasi pembelajaran kosakata bahasa arab Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Arsyad Islami School ini berhasil dibuat dan pengguna menyatakan bahwa aplikasi ini layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
THE EMPOWERMENT OF HOUSEWIVES THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS PROCESSED BANANAS IN THE MURUNG RAYA SUB-DISCTRICT
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Hidayah Nurul , Angriani Maya Rezeki , Izzati Ridha Nur , Norsari Lisa
Published: November 2021

Menurunnya pendapatan yang dialami oleh masyarakat kelurahan Murung Raya akibat dari pandemi Covid-19, membuat rumah tangga tersebut harus memiliki penghasilan tambahan. Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini secara umum bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan kelompok ibu-ibu rumah tangga dalam mengolah berbagai produk pisang di Kelurahan Murung Raya, Kecamatan Banjarmasin Selatan, Kota Banjarmasin. Buah pisang memiliki beragam khasiat yang baik untuk kesehatan, baik untuk tubuh maupun untuk kecantikan.  Pemilihan buah pisang didasari dari banyaknya pohon pisang yang ditemui pada daerah kelurahan Murung Raya, selain menambah pendapatan ibu rumah tangga, pengembangan berbagai olahan pisang dapat membuka lapangan kerja bagi ibu-ibu rumah tangga dan pemuda(i) di kelurahan Murung Raya dengan memasarkan produk tersebut melalui penggunaan teknologi. Target khusus dan luaran yang akan dihasilkan berupa: Satu artikel yang dipublikasikan melalui jurnal ber-ISSN. Pendekatan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat, melalui metode diskusi, pendampingan, evaluasi, dan kerjasama.

 

Kata Kunci: pemberdayaan masyarakat, inovasi produk, ekonomi keluarga
UKRAINIAN LINGUO-FOLKLORE STUDIES: THEIR HISTORY, CURRENT STATE, AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, DANYLІUK N. O. 
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the evolution, present state and perspectives of development of the Ukrainian linguo-folklore studies that are conducted by Sv. Yеrmolenko, N. Zhuravliova, A. Moisiienko, T. Betsenko, Y. Diadyshcheva-Rosovetska, N. Kolesnyk, R. Serdeha and others. The main aspects of the analysis of the language of the Ukrainian folk poetic texts of the period from the end of the 19th century until the middle of the 20th century were considered. They are historical linguistic, linguo-stylistic, linguo-didactic, linguo-cultural, ethnolinguistic, linguo-conceptual, linguo-semiotic. Two stages in the development of linguo-folklore studies were distinguished: 1) 60s — 80s of the 20th c., and 2) 90s of the 20th c. — the early 21st c. It was pointed out that the Ukrainian linguo-folklore studies had already evolved into a separate branch of philology and an educational course with its own object (a linguostructural, artistic-figurative organization of folkloristic texts of various genres, peculiar features of a folkloristic style formation), and subject of research, tasks and trends. There were mentioned the present day approaches to the analysis of folk poetic texts, being based on the language layers (folklore stylistics of language units), language expressive means (folklore stylistics of language expressive means), genres (folklore stylistics of genres) and separate parts of linguistics. The following perspectives of the linguo-folklore studies were defined: the analysis of understudied language units and figurative means, used in the texts of various genres (not only the traditional but new ones as well), development of a folklore lexicography, folklore dialectology, folklore linguo-cognitology, folklore linguosemiotics, folklore communication, linguo-genderology, contrastive linguo-folklore studies, and other trends, as well as a wider application of modern systems of an automatic analysis of texts, dictionaries’ compilation, and data creation.
Gestión de la Exposición Laboral a Ruido en el Centro de Transferencia Tecnológica para la Capacitación e Investigación en Control de Emisiones Vehiculares (CCICEV) de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional
Authors: Carrera Gisela , Salgado Francisco , Villacis William
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación radica en: identificar los factores de riesgo que pueden afectar la salud auditiva del personal del CCICEV de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional, evaluar los riesgos y proponer las medidas de control que permitan el cumplimiento de la normativa vigente respecto a la exposición laboral de ruido en el Ecuador. En el CCICEV, se llegó a determinar que existe sobreexposición laboral a ruido, ya que luego de realizar la evaluación a riesgo físico, el nivel de presión sonora diario equivalente ponderado en A (Laeqd) en el área técnica, sobrepasa los 85 dBA y en el área administrativa se encuentra sobre los 70 dBA. Por ello, fueron propuestas medidas de control para la fuente, el medio y el receptor, de acuerdo con la jerarquía de control de ruido de la norma ISO 45001; siendo estas: para la fuente de enfriamiento, una cabina de insonorización; para el medio, paneles de absorción acústica, así como un revestimiento acústico en la fachada frontal de las oficinas; como medidas administrativas, se proponen pausas pasivas o activas en lugares libres de ruido, apagar las fuentes de ruido si no se las necesita e informar a los colegas de trabajo si se va a realizar una actividad ruidosa; además se recomienda realizar un plan general de seguridad y salud en el trabajo donde prevalezca la vigilancia de la salud, la formación e información al igual que la debida señalización, y para el receptor del área técnica, se propone el uso de equipo de protección auditiva.
Propuesta de Actualización del RAOHE Incorporando Tecnologías de Fracturamiento Hidráulico, Reinyección de Recortes y Revisión de Límites Permisibles en la Gestión de Descargas Líquidas
Authors: Castillo Castro Daniel Sebastián , Zambrano Carranza Johnny Robinson , Rivera Parra José Luis
Published: November 2021

La legislación ambiental hidrocarburífera en el Ecuador inició en los 70 con el llamado pacto de caballeros y tuvo su momento cumbre con la expedición del RAOHE en 2001. En este punto, el RAOHE se consolidó como una herramienta para la explotación sustentable de los recursos hidrocarburíferos, y un garante de la estabilidad jurídica de una inversión extranjera que reactivase el sector petrolero. Sin embargo, 20 años después, con nuevos avances tecnológicos y garantías ambientales más restrictivas, se ha generado un desfase entre aquello que se encuentra regulado y la actual tecnología empleada en las operaciones de la industria. En este documento, se analizó esta discontinuidad normativa y de procesos desde el enfoque de la tecnología relacionada con el manejo y disposición de agua. Específicamente, en la revisión y análisis de límites permisibles en el manejo de descargas líquidas, reinyección de recortes y fracturamiento hidráulico. Este ensayo se apoyó en el estudio de fuentes de investigación primaria para la definición de sugerencias generales sobre la aplicación y gestión ante la entidad de gestión ambiental, a la espera de que esta información pueda aportar a la articulación de marcos técnicos más comprensibles.
PENGHINDARAN PAJAK: ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN ANTARA SEKTOR (PERIODE 2017-2019)
Authors: Widyasari Permata ayu , Juantara Stefani Arif , Natalia Irene
Published: November 2021

Setiap sektor mempunyai kontribusi terhadap penerimaan negara berupa pajak. Beberapa sektor mempunyai peraturan perpajakan yang spesifik dan berbeda dibanding dengan sektor lainnya. Hal tersebut membuat adanya perbedaan startegi dan manajemen pajak pada sektor tersebut. Aktifitas penghindaran pajak dapat mengurangi pendapatan negara dari pajak. Penelitian ini adalah menguji apakah terdapat perbedaan penghindaran pajak yang dilakukan oleh setiap sektor yang ada di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode purposive sampling digunakan sebagai metode pemilihan sample, yaitu seluruh perusahaan (non keuangan) yang terdaftar pada BEI pada tahun 2017- 2019. Uji MANOVA akan digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini memaparkan bahwa ada perbedaan penghindaran pajak pada setiap sektor di BEI bila diukur menggunakan proksi GAAP ETR, Cash ETR, Current ETR, dan Book Tax Difference (BTD). Namun, hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan penghindaran pajak pada setiap sektor di BEI bila diukur menggunakan proksi  Long-run Cash ETR.
Environmental effects on spatial population dynamics and synchrony: lessons from northern ecosystems
Authors: Herfindal I , Lee AM , Marquez JF , Le Moullec M , Peeters B , Hansen BB , Henden JA , Sæther BE
Published: November 2021

Environmental variation in time and space generates complex patterns in the spatial structure of temporally covarying populations. Accounting for spatial population structure is important for sustainable management and harvest, but there is a need for a better understanding of the many mechanisms affecting the spatial structure of populations. In the large-scale research project SUSTAIN, detailed long-term data from several taxa within the boreal and Arctic ecosystems were used to address key research questions about spatial population structure. Here, we synthesise the main findings from these studies. Because nearby populations experience similar environmental variation, populations close to each other show more correlated dynamics than those at greater distances. However, several mechanisms can affect the extent of such spatial population synchrony, and we point to some similarities across systems that can explain the observed discrepancy between the spatial structure of the environment and that of population dynamics. We discuss the consequences of these findings for the practical management of species in a changing environment and the need for further research on how populations and ecosystems are affected by the spatial structure of the environment.
An analytical scientific approach to the unprecedented astronomical phenomenon that was finally the “Bethlehem Star”
Authors: Sofias Sotiris
Published: November 2021

We all wonder what happened that marked the era of the coming of Christ, what unusual phenomenon urged the Magi and drew their route west bound. Was it all fiction, concocted by the Apostles to bestow sanctity to the birth of Jesus, or was it in fact a celestial event, a rare planetary occurrence that led the Magi on their journey, as described in the Gospels.
In Silico and In Vivo: Evaluating the Therapeutic Potential of Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Catechin to Treat Chronic Epilepsy in a Rat Model
Authors: Ahmed Hammad , Khan Mahtab Ahmad , Ali Zaidi Syed Awais , Muhammad Sajjad
Published: November 2021

Recently, alternative therapies are gaining popularity in the treatment of epilepsy. The present study aimed to find out the antiepileptic potential of quercetin, catechin, and kaempferol. In vivo and in silico experiments were conducted to investigate their therapeutic potential. 25 mg/kg/day of pentylenetetrazole was administered for 4 weeks after epilepsy was induced in the rats; this was followed by the behavioral studies and histological analysis of rat brain slices. Binding affinities of kaempferol, quercetin, and catechin were assessed by performing in silico studies. Kaempferol, quercetin, and catechin were found to have the highest binding affinity with the synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) protein, comparable to standard levetiracetam (LEV). The mRNA levels of SV2A, as well as the expression of TNF, IL 6, IL 1 beta, NFkB, IL 1Ra, IL 4, and IL 10, were investigated using qPCR. Our results indicate for the first time that SV2A is also a transporter of understudied phytoflavonoids, due to which a significant improvement was observed in epileptic parameters. The mRNA levels of SV2A were found to be significantly elevated in the PF-treated rats when compared with those of the control rats with epilepsy. Additionally, downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokines were also noted in the PF-treated groups. It is concluded that kaempferol, quercetin, and catechin can effectively decrease the epileptic seizures in our chronic epilepsy rat model to a level that is comparable to the antiepileptic effects induced by levetiracetam drug.
Smart Polymeric Delivery System for Antitumor and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wang Zhijia , Xu Fu-Jian , Yu Bingran
Published: November 2021

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted tremendous attention in the antitumor and antimicrobial areas. To enhance the water solubility of photosensitizers and facilitate their accumulation in the tumor/infection site, polymeric materials are frequently explored as delivery systems, which are expected to show target and controllable activation of photosensitizers. This review introduces the smart polymeric delivery systems for the PDT of tumor and bacterial infections. In particular, strategies that are tumor/bacteria targeted or activatable by the tumor/bacteria microenvironment such as enzyme/pH/reactive oxygen species (ROS) are summarized. The similarities and differences of polymeric delivery systems in antitumor and antimicrobial PDT are compared. Finally, the potential challenges and perspectives of those polymeric delivery systems are discussed.
RETSAT Mutation Selected for Hypoxia Adaptation Inhibits Tumor Growth
Authors: Jiang Xiulin , He Yaomei , Shen Qiushuo , Duan Lincan , Yuan Yixiao , Tang Lin , Shi Yulin , Liu Baiyang , Zhai Haoqing , Shi Peng , Yang Cuiping , Chen Yongbin
Published: November 2021

Hypoxia occurs not only in natural environments including high altitude, underground burrows and deep sea, but also in human pathological conditions, such as hypoxic solid tumors. It has been well documented that hypoxia related signaling pathway is associated with a poor clinical outcome. Our group has recently identified multiple novel genes critical for solid tumor growth comparing the genome-wide convergent/parallel sequence evolution of highland mammals. Among them, a single mutation on the retinol saturase gene (RETSAT) containing amino acid switch from glutamine (Q) to arginine (R) at the position 247 was identified. Here, we demonstrate that RETSAT is mostly downregulated in multiple types of human cancers, whose lower expression correlates with worse clinical outcome. We show that higher expression of RETSAT is positively associated with immune infiltration in different human cancers. Furthermore, we identify that the promoter region ofRETSATis highly methylated, which leads to its decreased expressions in tumor tissues comparing to normal tissues. Furthermore, we show that RETSAT knockdown promotes, while its overexpression inhibits, the cell proliferation ability of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and B16in vitro. In addition, the mice carrying homozygous Q247R mutation (RETSATR/R) is more resistant to xenograft tumor formation, as well as DMBA/TPA induced cutaneous keratinocyte carcinoma formation, compared to littermate wild-type (RETSATQ/Q) mice. Mechanistic study uncovers that the oncogenic factor, the prolyl isomerase (PPIase) Pin1 and its related downstream signaling pathway, were both markedly repressed in the mutant mice compared to the wild-type mice. In summary, these results suggest that interdisciplinary study between evolution and tumor biology can facilitate identification of novel molecular events essential for hypoxic solid tumor growth in the future.
Developing a Self-Reflection Tool to Assess Schools’ Openness
Authors: Sotiriou Menelaos , Sotiriou Sofoklis , Bogner Franz X.
Published: November 2021

In 2015, the EU Educational Policy document “Science Education for Responsible Citizenship” introduced the concept of Open Schooling as a promising approach to transform schools into innovation hubs within their local communities. In an open school environment, external ideas need to challenge traditional internal views and, in turn, to benefit its students as the community it serves. Such engaging environments may vitally contribute to their community when students’ projects introduce real needs into a community outside of school, present them publicly, and enrich local expertise. Additionally, such school environments may foster learner independence—and interdependence—through collaboration and through the provision of opportunities for learners to understand and interrogate their place in the world. In our study, it was realised in the framework of the European Union–supported Coordination Action called “Open Schools for Open Societies” (OSOS), and we have analysed the development process of a large number of schools with a Self-Reflection Tool (OSOS-SRT), focusing on the organisational change during the implementation of the Open Schooling approach. Rooted in the theory of RRI (Responsible Research and Innovation) principles, the tool has shown its potential to analyse the openness level of each school. In this study, we are presenting the validation of the proposed instrument and empirical data from the overall transformation process. The school environments were evaluated for one full academic year by completing two measurements, one before their involvement and one after their engagement in the transformation journey. Participating schools achieved an average increase of 11.34% in their openness levels, while based on the first measurement the lowest performers achieved a 35–45% increase while the higher scorer still reached a small but significant increase in the recorded openness levels. Our findings could act as a reference point for educational policy actions to support school development through cooperation and continuous interaction with external stakeholders. Consequences for school management, development plans, and teachers’ professional development are discussed.
Findings From a Two-Year Effectiveness Trial of the Science Notebook in a Universal Design for Learning Environment
Authors: Yu Jennifer , Wei Xin , Hall Tracey E. , Oehlkers Agatha , Ferguson Kate , Robinson Kristin H. , Blackorby Jose
Published: November 2021

This cluster randomized control trial examines the effects of the Science Notebook in a Universal Design for Learning Environment (SNUDLE) on elementary school student science academic achievement and motivation outcomes. Multilevel analyses examined the impact of SNUDLE for all students and important student subgroups. Overall, students who received the SNUDLE intervention had similar motivation and academic achievement in science to their peers who did not receive the SNUDLE intervention. However, relative to students with disabilities in the comparison group, students with disabilities who used SNUDLE scored significantly higher on motivation in science and science academic achievement, with effect sizes (ES) ranging from 0.82 to 1.01. Furthermore, SNUDLE appeared to have a small but statistically significant positive impact on science academic performance among students whose home language is other than English or Spanish with an ES of 0.35. Fidelity of implementation analysis shows sufficient teacher training but fidelity of teacher and student usage of SNUDLE needs to be improved. The qualitative analysis of teacher interviews suggests that teachers perceived benefits of SNUDLE in support language acquisition and science writing skills. Both quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that SNUDLE holds promise for improving academic performance in science and confidence and motivation among some of the most vulnerable student populations.
Immigrant Students and the Swedish National Test in History
Authors: Alvén Fredrik
Published: November 2021

In Sweden, immigrant students with a non-European background perform worse in school than students from the majority group. Research has so far focused on language problems, and political investments have been concentrated around developing immigrant student’s language because it is hard to manage school without a functional language. However, social science in school also rests on cultural understanding, which is difficult if you are not a part of the culture. This is certainly true for the subject of history, which has a strong tradition of fostering a historical nationalistic canon. By analyzing the items in the national test in history relative to how the immigrant students perform, this study investigates whether there are certain types of items that, on the one hand, discriminate against them and, on the other hand, work to their advantage. This is important knowledge if we want to be able to make fair and just assessments.
Building on 150 Years of Knowledge: The Freshwater Isopod Asellus aquaticus as an Integrative Eco-Evolutionary Model System
Authors: Lafuente Elvira , Lürig Moritz D. , Rövekamp Moritz , Matthews Blake , Buser Claudia , Vorburger Christoph , Räsänen Katja
Published: November 2021

Interactions between organisms and their environments are central to how biological diversity arises and how natural populations and ecosystems respond to environmental change. These interactions involve processes by which phenotypes are affected by or respond to external conditions (e.g., via phenotypic plasticity or natural selection) as well as processes by which organisms reciprocally interact with the environment (e.g., via eco-evolutionary feedbacks). Organism-environment interactions can be highly dynamic and operate on different hierarchical levels, from genes and phenotypes to populations, communities, and ecosystems. Therefore, the study of organism-environment interactions requires integrative approaches and model systems that are suitable for studies across different hierarchical levels. Here, we introduce the freshwater isopodAsellus aquaticus, a keystone species and an emerging invertebrate model system, as a prime candidate to address fundamental questions in ecology and evolution, and the interfaces therein. We review relevant fields of research that have usedA. aquaticusand draft a set of specific scientific questions that can be answered using this species. Specifically, we propose that studies onA. aquaticuscan help understanding (i) the influence of host-microbiome interactions on organismal and ecosystem function, (ii) the relevance of biotic interactions in ecosystem processes, and (iii) how ecological conditions and evolutionary forces facilitate phenotypic diversification.
Case Report: Response to Immunotherapy, Can Radiotherapy Be a Troublemaker?
Authors: Martin-Romano Patricia , Adam Julien , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Gouy Sébastien , Levy Antonin , Baldini Capucine , Champiat Stéphane , Soria Jean-Charles , Massard Christophe , Marabelle Aurélien , Deutsch Eric , Hollebecque Antoine
Published: November 2021

Immunotherapy has dramatically changed the treatment landscape for several tumor types. However, the impact of previous radiotherapy (RT) on response to immunotherapy is still unknown. We report the case of a 58-year-old female diagnosed with a squamous anal cell carcinoma previously treated with RT and having a dissociated response to anti-PD1 agent. An extensive analysis of the immune contexture performed on the tissue collected from both previously RT-treated and RT-untreated lesions confirmed differences on immune microenvironment, highlighting the potential impact of radiotherapy on the immune response.
Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Regulation of T-Lymphocyte Function
Authors: Taheri Mohammad , Barth Dominik A. , Kargl Julia , Rezaei Omidvar , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Pichler Martin
Published: November 2021

T-lymphocytes (T cells) play a major role in adaptive immunity and current immune checkpoint inhibitor-based cancer treatments. The regulation of their function is complex, and in addition to cytokines, receptors and transcription factors, several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to affect differentiation and function of T cells. Among these non-coding RNAs, certain small microRNAs (miRNAs) including miR-15a/16-1, miR-125b-5p, miR-99a-5p, miR-128-3p, let-7 family, miR-210, miR-182-5p, miR-181, miR-155 and miR-10a have been well recognized. Meanwhile, IFNG-AS1, lnc-ITSN1-2, lncRNA-CD160, NEAT1, MEG3, GAS5, NKILA, lnc-EGFR and PVT1 are among long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that efficiently influence the function of T cells. Recent studies have underscored the effects of a number of circular RNAs, namely circ_0001806, hsa_circ_0045272, hsa_circ_0012919, hsa_circ_0005519 and circHIPK3 in the modulation of T-cell apoptosis, differentiation and secretion of cytokines. This review summarizes the latest news and regulatory roles of these ncRNAs on the function of T cells, with widespread implications on the pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders and cancer.
A Dual Marker for Monitoring MDR-TB Treatment: Host-Derived miRNAs and M. tuberculosis-Derived RNA Sequences in Serum
Authors: Carranza Claudia , Herrera María Teresa , Guzmán-Beltrán Silvia , Salgado-Cantú Manuel Guadalupe , Salido-Guadarrama Ivan , Santiago Elizabeth , Chávez-Galán Leslie , Gutiérrez-González Luis Horacio , González Yolanda
Published: November 2021

Background

In the absence of a late marker of treatment failure or relapse in MDR-TB patients, biomarkers based on host-miRNAs coupled with M. tuberculosis-RNAs evaluated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an alternative follow-up for MDR-TB disease. Characterization of EVs cargo to identify differentially expressed miRNAs before and after treatment, and to identify M. tuberculosis-derived RNA in serum EVs from resistant TB patients.

Methods

EVs were isolated from serum of 26 drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) patients and 16 healthy subjects. Differential expression of miRNAs in pooled exosomes from both untreated and treated patients was assessed and individually validated at different time points during treatment. In addition, M. tuberculosis RNA was amplified in the same samples by qPCR.

Results

A multivariate analysis using miR-let-7e-5p, -197-3p and -223-3p were found to be a more sensitive discriminator between healthy individuals and those with TB for both DR-TB (AUC= 0.96, 95%, CI=0.907-1) and MDR-TB groups (AUC= 0.95, 95%, CI= 0.89-1). Upregulation of miR-let-7e-5p were observed at the time of M. tuberculosis negative culture T(3-5) for MDR-TB group or for long-term T(9-15) for MDR-TB group without diabetes (T2DM). A second pathogen-based marker based on 30kDa and 5KST sequences was detected in 33% of the MDR-TB patients after the intensive phase of treatment. The miR-let7e-5p is a candidate biomarker for long-term monitoring of treatment for the group of MDR-TB without T2DM. A dual marker of host-derived miR-let7e-5p and M. tuberculosis-derived RNA for monitoring-TB treatment based in serum EVs.

Conclusion

A dual marker consisting of host-derived miR-let7e-5p and M. tuberculosis-derived RNA, could be an indicator of treatment failure or relapse time after treatment was completed.
The Functional Trajectory in Frail Compared With Non-frail Critically Ill Patients During the Hospital Stay
Authors: Fuest K. E. , Lorenz Marco , Grunow Julius J. , Weiss Björn , Mörgeli Rudolf , Finkenzeller Sebastian , Bogdanski Ralph , Heim Markus , Kapfer Barbara , Kriescher Silja , Lingg Charlotte , Martin Jan , Ulm Bernhard , Jungwirth Bettina , Blobner Manfred , Schaller Stefan J.
Published: November 2021

Background: Long-term outcome is determined not only by the acute critical illness but increasingly by the reduced functional reserve of pre-existing frailty. The patients with frailty currently account for one-third of the critically ill, resulting in higher mortality. There is evidence of how frailty affects the intrahospital functional trajectory of critically ill patients since prehospital status is often missing.

Methods: In this prospective single-center cohort study at two interdisciplinary intensive care units (ICUs) at a university hospital in Germany, the frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) in the adult patients with critical illness with an ICU stay >24 h. The functional status was assessed using the sum of the subdomains “Mobility” and “Transfer” of the Barthel Index (MTB) at three time points (pre-hospital, ICU discharge, and hospital discharge).

Results: We included 1,172 patients with a median age of 75 years, of which 290 patients (25%) were frail. In a propensity score-matched cohort, the probability of MTB deterioration till hospital discharge did not differ in the patients with frailty (odds ratio (OR) 1.3 [95% CI 0.8–1.9], p = 0.301), confirmed in several sensitivity analyses in all the patients and survivors only.

Conclusion: The patients with frailty have a reduced functional status. Their intrahospital functional trajectory, however, was not worse than those in non-frail patients, suggesting a rehabilitation potential of function in critically ill patients with frailty.
A New Pre-descemetic Corneal Ring (Neoring) in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty for Moderate-Advanced Keratoconus: A Pilot 2-Year Long-Term Follow-Up Study
Authors: Alfonso-Bartolozzi Belén , Lisa Carlos , Fernández-Vega-Cueto Luis , Madrid-Costa David , Alfonso José F.
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To assess the outcomes of implanting a new polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) ring (Neoring; AJL Ophthalmic) in pre-descemet deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (PD-DALK) procedure for moderate-advanced keratoconus.

Methods: This prospective study included 10 eyes of 10 patients with moderate-advanced keratoconus who underwent PD-DALK with Neoring implantation. Neoring was implanted in a pre-descemetic pocket. The post-operative examination included refraction, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), corneal tomography, and endothelial cell density (ECD). The root mean squares (RMSs) for coma-like aberrations and spherical aberration were evaluated for a pupil size of 4.5 mm. The junctional graft (Tg) and host (Th) thicknesses were measured. The post-operative follow-up was 24 months.

Results: Post-operative CDVA was 0.82 ± 0.14 (decimal scale), 100% of the eyes achieved a CDVA of 0.7 (decimal scale). The refractive cylinder was −2.86 ± 1.65 2-years after surgery. No eyes had a post-operative refractive cylinder ≥5.00 D and in five eyes (50%), it was ≤2.50 D. At the last visit, the mean keratometry was 45.64 ± 1.96 D, the RMS for coma-like aberrations was 0.30 ± 0.15 μm and spherical aberration was 0.22 ± 0.09. The mean ECD remains without changes over the follow-up (P = 0.07). At the last visit, Tg and Th were 679.9 ± 39.0 and 634.8 ± 41.2 μm, respectively. The thickness of the complex (host-Neoring) was 740.6 ± 35.6 μm. In all cases, this thickness was thicker than Tg.

Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that PD-DALK along Neoring implantation is a viable, effective, and safe option to optimize the post-operative results for moderate-severe keratoconus.
Regulation of ytfK by cAMP-CRP Contributes to SpoT-Dependent Accumulation of (p)ppGpp in Response to Carbon Starvation YtfK Responds to Glucose Exhaustion
Authors: Meyer Laura , Germain Elsa , Maisonneuve Etienne
Published: November 2021

Guanosine penta- or tetraphosphate (known as (p)ppGpp) serves as second messenger to respond to nutrient downshift and other environmental stresses, a phenomenon called stringent response. Accumulation of (p)ppGpp promotes the coordinated inhibition of macromolecule synthesis, as well as the activation of stress response pathways to cope and adapt to harmful conditions. In Escherichia coli, the (p)ppGpp level is tightly regulated by two enzymes, the (p)ppGpp synthetase RelA and the bifunctional synthetase/hydrolase SpoT. We recently identified the small protein YtfK as a key regulator of SpoT-mediated activation of stringent response in E. coli. Here, we further characterized the regulation of ytfK. We observed that ytfK is subjected to catabolite repression and is positively regulated by the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-cAMP receptor protein (CRP) complex. Importantly, YtfK contributes to SpoT-dependent accumulation of (p)ppGpp and cell survival in response to glucose starvation. Therefore, regulation of ytfK by the cAMP-CRP appears important to adjust (p)ppGpp level and coordinate cellular metabolism in response to glucose availability.
Biosynthesis of α-Gal Epitopes (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R) and Their Unique Potential in Future α-Gal Therapies
Authors: Galili Uri
Published: November 2021

The α-gal epitope is a carbohydrate antigen which appeared early in mammalian evolution and is synthesized in large amounts by the glycosylation enzyme α1,3galactosyltransferase (α1,3GT) in non-primate mammals, lemurs, and New-World monkeys. Ancestral Old-World monkeys and apes synthesizing α-gal epitopes underwent complete extinction 20–30 million years ago, and their mutated progeny lacking α-gal epitopes survived. Humans, apes, and Old-World monkeys which evolved from the surviving progeny lack α-gal epitopes and produce the natural anti-Gal antibody which binds specifically to α-gal epitopes. Because of this reciprocal distribution of the α-gal epitope and anti-Gal in mammals, transplantation of organs from non-primate mammals (e.g., pig xenografts) into Old-World monkeys or humans results in hyperacute rejection following anti-Gal binding to α-gal epitopes on xenograft cells. Thein vivoimmunocomplexing between anti-Gal and α-gal epitopes on molecules, pathogens, cells, or nanoparticles may be harnessed for development of novel immunotherapies (referred to as “α-gal therapies”) in various clinical settings because such immune complexes induce several beneficial immune processes. These immune processes include localized activation of the complement system which can destroy pathogens and generate chemotactic peptides that recruit antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and dendritic cells, targeting of antigens presenting α-gal epitopes for extensive uptake by APCs, and activation of recruited macrophages into pro-reparative macrophages. Some of the suggested α-gal therapies associated with these immune processes are as follows: 1. Increasing efficacy of enveloped-virus vaccines by synthesizing α-gal epitopes on vaccinating inactivated viruses, thereby targeting them for extensive uptake by APCs. 2. Conversion of autologous tumors into antitumor vaccines by expression of α-gal epitopes on tumor cell membranes. 3. Accelerating healing of external and internal injuries by α-gal nanoparticles which decrease the healing time and diminish scar formation. 4. Increasing anti-Gal–mediated protection against zoonotic viruses presenting α-gal epitopes and against protozoa, such asTrypanosoma, Leishmania,andPlasmodium, by vaccination for elevating production of the anti-Gal antibody. The efficacy and safety of these therapies were demonstrated in transgenic mice and pigs lacking α-gal epitopes and producing anti-Gal, raising the possibility that these α-gal therapies may be considered for further evaluation in clinical trials.
Cortical and Cerebellar Oscillatory Responses to Postural Instability in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bosch Taylor J. , Kammermeier Stefan , Groth Christopher , Leedom Matt , Hanson Elizabeth K. , Berg-Poppe Patti , Singh Arun
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Posture and balance dysfunctions critically impair activities of daily living of patients with progressing Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the neural mechanisms underlying postural instability in PD are poorly understood, and specific therapies are lacking. Previous electrophysiological studies have shown distinct cortical oscillations with a significant contribution of the cerebellum during postural control tasks in healthy individuals.

Methods: We investigated cortical and mid-cerebellar oscillatory activity via electroencephalography (EEG) during a postural control task in 10 PD patients with postural instability (PDPI+), 11 PD patients without postural instability (PDPI–), and 15 age-matched healthy control participants. Relative spectral power was analyzed in the theta (4–7 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) frequency bands.

Results: Time-dependent postural measurements computed by accelerometer signals showed poor performance in PDPI+ participants. EEG results revealed that theta power was profoundly lower in mid-frontal and mid-cerebellar regions during the postural control task in PDPI+, compared to PDPI– and control participants. In addition, theta power was correlated with postural control performance in PD subjects. No significant changes in beta power were observed. Additionally, oscillatory changes during the postural control task differed from the resting state.

Conclusion: This study underlines the involvement of mid-frontal and mid-cerebellar regions in postural stability during a balance task and emphasizes the important role of theta oscillations therein for postural control in PD.
Case Report: Ictal Central Apnea as First and Overlooked Symptom in Temporal Lobe Seizures
Authors: Micalizzi Elisa , Vaudano Anna Elisabetta , Giovannini Giada , Turchi Giulia , Giunta Leandra , Meletti Stefano
Published: November 2021

Ictal respiratory changes have been mainly described following generalized tonic-clonic seizures and recently considered to be a biomarker to assess the risk of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Nonetheless, modification of respiratory pattern can be related also to focal seizures, especially arising from the temporal lobe. Changes in cardiac function such as tachycardia or bradycardia could be often associated. We report a short case series of four patients with temporal lobe epilepsy admitted to our Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) presenting with an ictal central apnea as the first clinical manifestation of their seizures. None of these patients was aware of the occurrence of respiratory arrest. Age at onset ranged from 15 to 29 years. One patient had seizures with prolonged central apnea accompanied by a significant decrease in oxygen saturation. Neuroimaging in two patients showed alterations of mesial temporal lobe structures, including the amygdala. Recent neurophysiological studies supported the existence of a cortical network involving the limbic system that modulates downstream brainstem respiratory centers. Monitoring for respiratory changes and oxygen saturation in focal seizures is warranted for their potential value in identifying the epileptogenic zone and for a better understanding of ictal respiratory changes that could potentially define a subgroup of patients with high risk of seizure-related autonomic changes.
The Temporally-Integrated Causality Landscape: Reconciling Neuroscientific Theories With the Phenomenology of Consciousness
Authors: Winters Jesse J.
Published: November 2021

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of neuroscientific theories of consciousness. These include theories which explicitly point to EM fields, notably Operational Architectonics and, more recently, the General Resonance Theory. In phenomenological terms, human consciousness is a unified composition of contents. These contents are specific and meaningful, and they exist from a subjective point of view. Human conscious experience is temporally continuous, limited in content, and coherent. Based upon those phenomenal observations, pre-existing theories of consciousness, and a large body of experimental evidence, I derived the Temporally-Integrated Causality Landscape (TICL). In brief, the TICL proposes that the neural correlate of consciousness is a structure of temporally integrated causality occurring over a large portion of the thalamocortical system. This structure is composed of a large, integrated set of neuronal elements (the System), which contains some subsystems, defined as having a higher level of temporally-integrated causality than the System as a whole. Each Subsystem exists from the point of view of the System, in the form of meaningful content. In this article, I review the TICL and consider the importance of EM forces as a mechanism of neural causality. I compare the fundamentals of TICL to those of several other neuroscientific theories. Using five major characteristics of phenomenal consciousness as a standard, I compare the basic tenets of Integrated Information Theory, Global Neuronal Workspace, General Resonance Theory, Operational Architectonics, and the Temporo-spatial Theory of Consciousness with the framework of the TICL. While the literature concerned with these theories tends to focus on different lines of evidence, there are fundamental areas of agreement. This means that, in time, it may be possible for many of them to converge upon the truth. In this analysis, I conclude that a primary distinction which divides these theories is the feature of spatial and temporal nesting. Interestingly, this distinction does not separate along the fault line between theories explicitly concerned with EM fields and those which are not. I believe that reconciliation is possible, at least in principle, among those theories that recognize the following: just as the contents of consciousness are distinctions within consciousness, the neural correlates of conscious content should be distinguishable from but fall within the spatial and temporal boundaries of the full neural correlates of consciousness.
Brain Mass (Energy) Resistant to Hyperglycaemic Oversupply: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sprengell Marie , Kubera Britta , Peters Achim
Published: November 2021

Cerebral energy supply is determined by the energy content of the blood. Accordingly, the brain is undersupplied during hypoglycaemia. Whether or not there is an additional cerebral energy demand that depends upon the energy content of the brain is considered differently in two opposing theoretical approaches. The Selfish-Brain theory postulates that the brain actively demands energy from the body when needed, while long-held theories, the gluco-lipostatic theory and its variants, deny such active brain involvement and view the brain as purely passively supplied. Here we put the competing theories to the test. We conducted a systematic review of a condition in which the rival theories make opposite predictions, i.e., experimental T1DM. The Selfish-Brain theory predicts that induction of experimental type 1 diabetes causes minor mass (energy) changes in the brain as opposed to major glucose changes in the blood. This prediction becomes our hypothesis to be tested here. A total of 608 works were screened by title and abstract, and 64 were analysed in full text. According to strict selection criteria defined in our PROSPERO preannouncement and complying with PRISMA guidelines, 18 studies met all inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies provided sufficient data to test our hypothesis. The 13 evaluable studies (15 experiments) showed that the diabetic groups had blood glucose concentrations that differed from controls by +294 ± 96% (mean ± standard deviation) and brain mass (energy) that differed from controls by −4 ± 13%, such that blood changes were an order of magnitude greater than brain changes (T = 11.5, df = 14, p < 0.001). This finding confirms not only our hypothesis but also the prediction of the Selfish-Brain theory, while the predictions of the gluco-lipostatic theory and its variants were violated. The current paper completes a three-part series of systematic reviews, the two previous papers deal with a distal and a proximal bottleneck in the cerebral brain supply, i.e., caloric restriction and cerebral artery occlusion. All three papers demonstrate that accurate predictions are only possible if one regards the brain as an organ that regulates its energy concentrations independently and occupies a primary position in a hierarchically organised energy metabolism.

Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=156816, PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020156816.