bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV) in blood donors in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ngoma Alain M. , Omokoko Magot D. , Mutombo Paulin B. , Nollet Kenneth E. , Ohto Hitoshi
Published: April 2019

Background and objective

Human T‐cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) 1 and 2 are endemic in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), transfusion‐transmissible and causally linked to various severe diseases. However, even in SSA countries with moderate to high endemicity, routine blood donor screening for HTLV is rarely, if ever, performed. Information on seroprevalence is limited. The aim of this review is to establish the prevalence of HTLV‐1 and HTLV‐1/2 among blood donors in sub‐Saharan Africa.

Materials and Methods

We systematically reviewed databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE and the Cochrane database library from their inception to June 2018. Studies presenting data on HTLV prevalence among blood donors in sub‐Saharan Africa were included. A random‐effect meta‐analysis was conducted on all eligible studies.

Results

A total of 25 studies were included, representing 74 119 blood donors, of whom over 80% (61 002) were only tested for HTLV‐1. The evidence base was high and moderate in quality. The pooled prevalence of the 17 studies that screened only for HTLV‐1 and the nine studies that screened for HTLV‐1/2 was 0·68 (95% CI: 0·29–1·60) and 1·11 (95% CI: 0·47–2·59) per 100 blood donors, respectively.

Conclusion

The prevalence of HTLV‐1 infection among blood donors is relatively low. The current review is intended to inform debates and decisions about best practices to prevent transfusion‐transmitted HTLV in sub‐Saharan Africa. Further work is required to determine the risk of infections by transfusion and the cost‐effectiveness of any new measures such as routine screening.
Soccer Footedness and Between-Limbs Muscle Strength: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: DeLang Matthew D. , Rouissi Mehdi , Bragazzi Nicola L. , Chamari Karim , Salamh Paul A.
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Limb dominance and consequent between-limbs muscle strength in soccer players should be explored to determine a standard musculoskeletal profile to maintain and establish during screening protocols and postinjury rehabilitation. The primary aim of this review was to identify dominant- vs non-dominant-lower-extremity muscle-strength characteristics of healthy soccer players, with secondary aims to consider available between-limbs outcome measures and directions for future research. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Five electronic databases were used for study identification with guidance from a medical librarian. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies employing a cross-sectional design assessing soccer players of all ages, genders, and levels of play that identified limb dominance and associated lower-extremity muscle strength as a main purpose of the experiment. Results: The literature search identified 3471 articles. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 17 articles were included in the review. Peak torques and hamstring-to-quadriceps ratios via isokinetic dynamometry were commonly used, and subsequent meta-analyses were conducted to yield remarkable between-limbs symmetry. Additional results of individual studies also demonstrate symmetry, except 1 article of velocity-dependent measures that reported greater strength in the dominant limb. Conclusions: In soccer, between-limbs muscle strength measured by maximal isokinetic dynamometry demonstrates symmetry across ages, genders, and levels of play. Future testing using alternative measures that more specifically replicate the movement demands of soccer players may further classify between-limbs characteristics.
Super-elasticity of three-dimensionally cross-linked graphene materials all the way to deep cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Zhao Kai , Zhang Tengfei , Chang Huicong , Yang Yang , Xiao Peishuang , Zhang Hongtao , Li Chenxi , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Chen Yongsheng
Published: April 2019

For the first time, invariant super-elasticity from cryogenic 4 to 1273 K was observed for a bulk 3D cross-linked graphene foam.
Water vapor capturing using an array of traveling liquid beads for desalination and water treatment
Authors: Sadeghpour A. , Zeng Z. , Ji H. , Dehdari Ebrahimi N. , Bertozzi A. L. , Ju Y. S.
Published: April 2019

We develop a compact, light-weight, and highly efficient device to capture water vapor for desalination and water harvesting.
Contribution of biomimetic collagen-ligand interaction to intrafibrillar mineralization
Authors: Song Q. , Jiao K. , Tonggu L. , Wang L. G. , Zhang S. L. , Yang Y. D. , Zhang L. , Bian J. H. , Hao D. X. , Wang C. Y. , Ma Y. X. , Arola D. D. , Breschi L. , Chen J. H. , Tay F. R. , Niu L. N.
Published: April 2019

Collagen-bound nucleation inhibitor ameliorates mineralization via caching of prenucleation clusters.
Modulation of asymmetric cell division as a mechanism to boost CD8
+
T cell memory
Authors: Borsa Mariana , Barnstorf Isabel , Baumann Nicolas S. , Pallmer Katharina , Yermanos Alexander , Gräbnitz Fabienne , Barandun Niculò , Hausmann Annika , Sandu Ioana , Barral Yves , Oxenius Annette
Published: April 2019

CD8
+
T cell memory potential can be improved by enforcement of asymmetric cell division.
Comparable Efficacy and Better Safety of Double β-Lactam Combination Therapy versus β‑Lactam plus Aminoglycoside in Gram-Negative Bacteria in Randomized, Controlled Trials
Authors: Jiao Yuanyuan , Moya Bartolome , Chen Mong-Jen , Zavascki Alexandre P. , Tsai Hsinyin , Tao Xun , Sutaria Dhruvitkumar S. , Louie Arnold , Boyce John D. , Deveson Lucas Deanna , Kim Tae Hwan , Tsuji Brian T. , Bonomo Robert A. , Drusano George L. , Bulitta Jürgen B.
Published: April 2019

There is a great need for efficacious therapies against Gram-negative bacteria. Double β-lactam combination(s) (DBL) are relatively safe, and preclinical data are promising; however, their clinical role has not been well defined.
Efficacy and Safety of Tedizolid Phosphate versus Linezolid in a Randomized Phase 3 Trial in Patients with Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection
Authors: Lv Xiaoju , Alder Jeff , Li Li , O’Riordan William , Rybak Michael J. , Ye Hui , Zhang Ruiping , Zhang Zhongqi , Zhu Xu , Wilcox Mark H.
Published: April 2019

Tedizolid phosphate is approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection (ABSSSI) caused by Gram-positive bacteria in the United States, Europe, and other countries. In this multicenter, double-blind, phase 3 study, 598 adult ABSSSI patients in China, Taiwan, the Philippines, and the United States were randomized to receive 200 mg of tedizolid, intravenously (i.v.)/orally (p.o.), once daily for 6 days or 600 mg of linezolid, i.v./p.o.
Deep-Subsurface Pressure Stimulates Metabolic Plasticity in Shale-Colonizing
Halanaerobium
spp
Authors: Booker Anne E. , Hoyt David W. , Meulia Tea , Eder Elizabeth , Nicora Carrie D. , Purvine Samuel O. , Daly Rebecca A. , Moore Joseph D. , Wunch Kenneth , Pfiffner Susan M. , Lipton Mary S. , Mouser Paula J. , Wrighton Kelly C. , Wilkins Michael J.
Published: April 2019

The hydraulic fracturing of deep-shale formations for hydrocarbon recovery accounts for approximately 60% of U.S. natural gas production. Microbial activity associated with this process is generally considered deleterious due to issues associated with sulfide production, microbially induced corrosion, and bioclogging in the subsurface. Here we demonstrate that a representative
Halanaerobium
species, frequently the dominant microbial taxon in hydraulically fractured shales, responds to pressures characteristic of the deep subsurface by shifting its metabolism to generate more corrosive organic acids and produce more polymeric substances that cause “clumping” of biomass. While the potential for increased corrosion of steel infrastructure and clogging of pores and fractures in the subsurface may significantly impact hydrocarbon recovery, these data also offer new insights for microbial control in these ecosystems.
Commensal
Escherichia coli
Aggravates Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis through Targeting of Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Zheng Junyuan , Lou Lihong , Fan Junjie , Huang Chunlan , Mei Qixiang , Wu Jianghong , Guo Yuecheng , Lu Yingying , Wang Xingpeng , Zeng Yue
Published: April 2019

This study describes the harmful potential of commensal
E. coli
in ANP, which has not been demonstrated in previous studies. Our work provides new insights into gut bacterium-ANP cross talk, suggesting that nonpathogenic commensals could also exhibit adverse effects in the context of diseases.
The Blue-Light Photoreceptor
Sfwc-1
Gene Regulates the Phototropic Response and Fruiting-Body Development in the Homothallic Ascomycete
Sordaria fimicola
Authors: Krobanan Kulsumpun , Liang Syun-Wun , Chiu Ho-Chen , Shen Wei-Chiang
Published: April 2019

Sordaria
sp. has been a model for study of fruiting-body differentiation in fungi. Several environmental factors, including light, affect cellular and morphological changes during multicellular tissue development. Here, we created a light-oxygen-voltage-sensing (LOV) domain-deleted
Sfwc-1
mutant to study blue-light photoresponses in
Sordaria fimicola
. Phototropism and rhythmic zonation of perithecia were defective in the
Sfwc-1
(

Δlov

)
mutant. Moreover, fruiting-body development in the mutant was reduced and also significantly delayed. Gene expression analysis and subcellular localization study further revealed the light-induced differential gene expression and cellular responses upon light stimulation in
S. fimicola
.
A Chlamydia trachomatis Strain Expressing Ovalbumin Stimulates an Antigen-Specific CD4+T Cell Response in Mice
Authors: Helble Jennifer D. , Starnbach Michael N.
Published: April 2019

Antigen-specific CD4+T cells againstChlamydiaare crucial for driving bacterial clearance and mediating protection against reinfection. Although theChlamydia trachomatisprotein Cta1 has been identified to be a dominant murine CD4+T cell antigen, its level of expression during the bacterial developmental cycle and precise localization within the host cell are unknown.
Functional Antibodies against Placental Malaria Parasites Are Variant Dependent and Differ by Geographic Region
Authors: Doritchamou Justin , Teo Andrew , Morrison Robert , Arora Gunjan , Kwan Jennifer , Manzella-Lapeira Javier , Medina-Maldonado Sarimar , Langhorne Jean , Hviid Lars , Narum David L. , Dicko Alassane , Fried Michal , Duffy Patrick E.
Published: April 2019

During pregnancy,
Plasmodium falciparum
-infected erythrocytes (IE) accumulate in the intervillous spaces of the placenta by binding to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) and elicit inflammatory responses that are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Primigravidae lack immunity to IE that sequester in the placenta and thus are susceptible to placental malaria (PM).
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Requires the DNA-Specific Endonuclease EndA To Degrade Extracellular Genomic DNA To Disperse from the Biofilm
Authors: Cherny Kathryn E. , Sauer Karin
Published: April 2019

The finding that exposure to DNase I impairs biofilm formation or leads to the dispersal of early stage biofilms has led to the realization of extracellular genomic DNA (eDNA) as a structural component of the biofilm matrix. However, little is known about the contribution of intrinsic DNases to the weakening of the biofilm matrix and dispersion of established biofilms. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that nucleases are induced in dispersed
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
cells and are essential to the dispersion response and that degradation of matrix eDNA by endogenously produced/secreted EndA is required for
P. aeruginosa
biofilm dispersion. Our findings suggest that dispersing cells mediate their active release from the biofilm matrix via the induction of nucleases.
Characterization of Novel Reoviruses Wad Medani Virus (Orbivirus) and Kundal Virus (Coltivirus) Collected from
Hyalomma anatolicum
Ticks in India during Surveillance for Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Yadav Pragya D. , Whitmer Shannon L. M. , Sarkale Prasad , Fei Fan Ng Terry , Goldsmith Cynthia S. , Nyayanit Dimpal A. , Esona Mathew D. , Shrivastava-Ranjan Punya , Lakra Rajen , Pardeshi Prachi , Majumdar Triparna D. , Francis Alicia , Klena John D. , Nichol Stuart T. , Ströher Ute , Mourya Devendra
Published: April 2019

Ticks and mosquitoes, as well
Culicoides
, can transmit viruses in the
Reoviridae
family. With the help of next-generation sequencing (NGS), previously unreported reoviruses such as equine encephalosis virus, Wad Medani virus (WMV), Kammavanpettai virus (KVPTV), and, with this report, KARYV and KUNDV have been discovered and characterized in India. The isolation of KUNDV and KARYV from
Hyalomma anatolicum
, which is a known vector for zoonotic pathogens, such as Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus,
Babesia
,
Theileria
, and
Anaplasma
species, identifies arboviruses with the potential to transmit to humans. Characterization of KUNDV and KARYV isolated from
Hyalomma
ticks is critical for the development of specific serological and molecular assays that can be used to determine the association of these viruses with disease in humans and livestock.
Replication of Marek's Disease Virus Is Dependent on Synthesis of
De Novo
Fatty Acid and Prostaglandin E
2
Authors: Boodhoo Nitish , Kamble Nitin , Kaufer Benedikt B. , Behboudi Shahriar
Published: April 2019

Disturbances of the lipid metabolism in chickens infected with MDV contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. However, the role of lipid metabolism in MDV replication remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MDV infection activates FAS and induces LD formation. Moreover, our results demonstrate that MDV replication is highly dependent on the FAS pathway and the downstream metabolites. Finally, our results reveal that MDV also activates the COX-2/PGE
2
pathway, which supports MDV replication by activating PGE
2
/EP2 and PGE
2
/EP4 signaling pathways.
Nipah and Hendra Virus Glycoproteins Induce Comparable Homologous but Distinct Heterologous Fusion Phenotypes
Authors: Bradel-Tretheway Birgit G. , Zamora J. Lizbeth Reyes , Stone Jacquelyn A. , Liu Qian , Li Jenny , Aguilar Hector C.
Published: April 2019

The NiV and HeV henipaviruses are BSL-4 pathogens transmitted from bats. NiV and HeV often lead to human death and animal diseases. The formation of multinucleated cells (syncytia) is a hallmark of henipaviral infections and is caused by fusion of cells coordinated by interactions of the viral attachment (G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins. We found via various assays that viral entry and syncytium formation depend on the viral origin of the glycoproteins, with HeV F and NiV G promoting higher membrane fusion levels than their counterparts. This is important knowledge, since both viruses use the same bat vector species and potential coinfections of these or subsequent hosts may alter the outcome of disease.
Postcollisional transition from subduction- to intraplate-type magmatism in the eastern Sakarya zone, Turkey: Indicators of northern Neotethyan slab breakoff
Authors: Dokuz Abdurrahman , Aydin Faruk , Karslı Orhan
Published: April 2019

Postcollisional magmatism in the eastern Sakarya zone was recorded by voluminous basic volcanism and repeated plutonism during the early Cenozoic. The temporal and geochemical evolution of these magmatic rocks is important for understanding the possible geodynamic history of the Sakarya zone. Here, we investigated three representative plutons lying between the towns of Çamlıhemşin (Rize) and İspir (Erzurum), Turkey. These are largely composed of medium-K gabbroic diorites (Marselavat Pluton), shoshonitic monzonites (Güllübağ Pluton), and high-K granites (Ayder Pluton). We present whole-rock geochemistry, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope analyses from the plutons to constrain the timing of variations in magmatism and source characteristics, and we provide a new approach to the proposed geodynamic models, which are still heavily debated. The 40Ar/39Ar geochronology reveals a cooling sequence from ca. 45 Ma for the Marselavat Pluton through ca. 41 Ma for the Güllübağ Pluton to ca. 40 Ma for the Ayder Pluton. Whole-rock geochemistry and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopes suggest that crustal contamination was not an important factor affecting magma compositions. Although there was no arc-related tectonic setting in the region during the middle Eocene, the Marselavat Pluton shows some subduction affinities, such as moderately negative Nb and Ta anomalies, and slightly positive Pb anomalies. These signatures were possibly inherited from a depleted mantle source that was modified by hydrous fluids released from the oceanic slab during Late Cretaceous subduction. Geochemical traces of the earlier subduction become uncertain in the Güllübağ samples. They display ocean-island basalt–like multi-element profiles and Nb/Ta, Ce/Pb, and La/Ba ratios. All these point to a mantle source in which earlier subduction signatures were hybridized by the addition of asthenospheric melts. Melting of calc-alkaline crustal material, probably emplaced during the first phase of middle Eocene magmatism (Marselavat), led to the formation of granitic plutonism (Ayder Pluton). Our data in conjunction with early Eocene adakite-like rocks show that melt generation, as in the given sequence, was most probably triggered by breakoff of the northern Neotethyan oceanic slab, ∼13 m.y. after the early Maastrichtian collision between the Sakarya zone and Anatolide-Tauride block, and continued until the end of the middle Eocene. A shallow-marine transgression occurred contemporaneously with the middle Eocene magmatism throughout the Sakarya zone. An extension in this magnitude seems unlikely to be the result of orogenic collapse processes only. The main cause of this extension was most probably related to the northward subduction of the southern Neotethys Ocean beneath the Anatolide-Tauride block. The result is a volumetrically larger amount of middle Eocene magmatism than that expected in response to slab breakoff.
Parental views on attending neonatal intensive care ward rounds
Authors: Caldwell Claire , MacBean Victoria , Hunt Katie , Greenough Anne
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To ascertain parental views regarding taking part in neonatal unit ward rounds.

Design

A service evaluation project.

Setting

Tertiary neonatal intensive care unit.

Patients

Parent(s) of infants receiving care on the neonatal unit.

Interventions

Structured interviews conducted at the cot side.

Main outcome measures

Parents were asked if they knew when ward rounds occurred, whether they had attended ward rounds and if they had not what were the factors inhibiting them from doing so, their experience of attending ward rounds and whether they were concerned about issues of confidentiality.

Results

23 of 24 consecutive parents agreed to be interviewed. The median age of their infants was 14 (range 3 – 123) days when they were interviewed. Eighty-five per cent were able to identify when a nursing handover or doctor’s ward round occurred. Seventy-five per cent of parents had attended at least one ward round and the median score in terms of usefulness was 5 out of 5. Reasons for not attending included time and cost to travel to the unit, their partners were working and having other children. Parents volunteered that the nurses proactively updated them as soon as they arrived, hence making regular attendance less important. Regarding confidentiality, 85% were not concerned if other people overheard information about their baby, unless the news was bad.

Conclusions

Parents recognised the value of attending ward rounds and generally found it a positive experience, but emphasised limitations on their ability to attend.
Acute onset clozapine-induced hyperglycaemia: A case report
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Mishra Dheerendra Kumar , Mishra Nimisha , Ahuja Sunil , Raghuvanshi Gyanendra , Niranjan Vijay
Published: April 2019

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic which is described to have higher efficacy among all available antipsychotic medications. Clozapine is reserved especially for resistant schizophrenia due to its side effects. Clozapine-induced metabolic syndrome and hyperglycaemia are common long-term side effects and are responsible for increased mortality in patients with schizophrenia. In this case, a patient with resistant schizophrenia was presented with acute-onset hyperglycaemia and delirium with the use of clozapine within a week. Withdrawal of clozapine in the patient led to the improvement in delirium and hyperglycaemia without the use of any hypoglycaemic agent. This case supports the notion that in certain cases clozapine can induce hyperglycemia through possible direct pathophysiological mechanisms within a shorter time frame.
Genetic correlates of wall shear stress in a patient-specific 3D-printed cerebral aneurysm model
Authors: Levitt Michael R , Mandrycky Christian , Abel Ashley , Kelly Cory M , Levy Samuel , Chivukula Venkat K , Zheng Ying , Aliseda Alberto , Kim Louis J
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To study the correlation between wall shear stress and endothelial cell expression in a patient-specific, three-dimensional (3D)-printed model of a cerebral aneurysm.

Materials and methods

A 3D-printed model of a cerebral aneurysm was created from a patient’s angiogram. After populating the model with human endothelial cells, it was exposed to media under flow for 24 hours. Endothelial cell morphology was characterized in five regions of the 3D-printed model using confocal microscopy. Endothelial cells were then harvested from distinct regions of the 3D-printed model for mRNA collection and gene analysis via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR.) Cell morphology and mRNA measurement were correlated with computational fluid dynamics simulations.

Results

The model was successfully populated with endothelial cells, which survived under flow for 24 hours. Endothelial morphology showed alignment with flow in the proximal and distal parent vessel and aneurysm neck, but disorganization in the aneurysm dome. Genetic analysis of endothelial mRNA expression in the aneurysm dome and distal parent vessel was compared with the proximal parent vessels. ADAMTS-1 and NOS3 were downregulated in the aneurysm dome, while GJA4 was upregulated in the distal parent vessel. Disorganized morphology and decreased ADAMTS-1 and NOS3 expression correlated with areas of substantially lower wall shear stress and wall shear stress gradient in computational fluid dynamics simulations.

Conclusions

Creating 3D-printed models of patient-specific cerebral aneurysms populated with human endothelial cells is feasible. Analysis of these cells after exposure to flow demonstrates differences in both cell morphology and genetic expression, which correlate with areas of differential hemodynamic stress.
Early post-Humanitarian Device Exemption experience with the Neuroform Atlas stent
Authors: Tsai Jenny P , Hardman Julian , Moore Nina Z , Hussain M Shazam , Bain Mark D , Rasmussen Peter A , Masaryk Thomas J , Elgabaly Mohammed H , Sheikhi Lila , Toth Gabor
Published: April 2019

Introduction

The low-profile Neuroform Atlas stent received FDA Humanitarian Device Exemption status (HDE) in January 2018 for stent-assisted coil embolization of wide-necked saccular aneurysms. We review and report our results with the Atlas stent in our institution within the first year after its HDE approval.

Methods

Our retrospective chart review identified patients treated with the Atlas stent. We analyzed the patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, stent parameters and configuration, complications, angiographic, and clinical outcomes at discharge.

Results

From January to December 2018, 76 Atlas stents were deployed in 58 patients (average 1.3 stents/patient). Median patient age was 63.5 (IQR 56–71) years. Fifty-six (96.6%) patients had elective embolization of unruptured aneurysms, while two (3.4%) patients underwent embolization of a ruptured aneurysm within 2 weeks of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Forty (69.0%) patients were treated with a single stent, 15 (25.9%) with a Y-stent, and three (5.2%) with X-stent configuration. All stent deployments were technically successful. Most stents (82.9%) were the smallest 3 mm diameter devices. Procedural complications included transient stent-associated thrombosis in three (5.2%) patients and aneurysm rupture in one (1.7%). None had distal embolization, associated cerebral infarction, or permanent neurological deficits. Immediate Raymond–Roy 1 occlusion was achieved in 41 (70.7%) patients. Median hospital length of stay for elective aneurysm embolization was 1 day. Excellent outcomes with median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score 0 (IQR 0–0) and modified Rankin Score 0 (IQR 0–1) were seen for elective patients at discharge.

Conclusion

The Neuroform Atlas stent provided a reliable technical and safety profile for the treatment of intracranial wide-neck aneurysms. Further experience is needed to determine long-term durability and safety of this device.
Reliability of methods to measure energy expenditure during and after resistance exercise
Authors: Lyristakis Philip , Ball Nick , McKune Andrew J.
Published: April 2019

The primary purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of 3 methods estimating energy expenditure (EE) during and in response to resistance exercise. Ten males (aged 29.4 ± 10.2 years) with ≥2 months resistance training (RT) experience performed 3 training sessions incorporating the bench press and back-squat; sessions were separated by 48 to 72 h. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated using a Suunto T6D Heart Rate Monitor and 2 methods (named “Scott” and “Magosso”) that used oxygen uptake and blood lactate measurements to determine aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure (AnEE). For TEE, relative reliability for both the Scott and Magosso methods remained “nearly perfect” across all testing days for the bench press and back-squat; with interclass correlations (ICC) > 0.93 and percentage of the typical error measurement (TEM%) below 5.8%. The heart rate method showed moderate variability between testing days for both exercises; ICCs ranged between 0.66–0.92 with TEM% between 18%–37% during the bench press and 11%–17% during the back-squat. The estimation of AnEE showed that the Scott and Magosso methods had “strong” to “very strong” relative reliability for both exercises; however, a low absolute reliability was observed. Mean EE was significantly higher in the Scott and Magosso methods during the bench press >912 kJ and back-squat >1170 kJ, with the heart rate method estimating 358 kJ and 416 kJ. The Scott and Magosso methods showed a high degree of reliability between testing days when measuring EE. Heart rate methods may significantly underestimate EE during and in response to RT.
Multiple lineages ofFRUITFULLexhibit dynamic patterns of gene evolution after genome triplication in the Brassiceae tribe (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Brock Kelsey C. , Hall Jocelyn C.
Published: April 2019

Phylogenetic analyses of important development genes are necessary to identify trends in sequence divergence and gene retention/loss that underlie diversification after polyploidization. We investigated the evolution of FRUITFULL (FUL) in the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae), where a recent genome triplication allows investigation into the fate of paralogs. Many Brassiceae members possess a unique fruit type exhibiting segmentation and variable dehiscence called heteroarthrocarpy, providing a case study to compare with FUL’s evolution, as a single copy is known to control fruit dehiscence in Arabidopsis. We constructed a phylogeny containing all major species lineages to investigate the number of retained FUL paralogs, trends in selective pressure and intron evolution, and their relationship to heteroarthrocarpy. We recovered four well-supported lineages that likely correspond to three FUL copies from hexaploidization. Rates of selection varied across lineages and comparatively relaxed selection was associated with fruit indehiscence. However, stabilizing selection predominated all lineages, indicating that paralogs retain functionality. Longer introns were correlated with relaxed selection on exons and, on average, heteroarthrocarpic taxa had longer introns and retained different FUL paralogs than nonheteroarthrocarpic taxa, although correlations were complex. The dynamic pattern of FUL evolution invites investigation into the role of upstream regulators in the dehiscence of heteroarthrocarpic fruits.
Infection and spread of root rot caused byHeterobasidionspp. inPinus contortaplantations in Northern Europe: three case studies
Authors: Zaļuma A. , Muižnieks I. , Gaitnieks T. , Burņeviča N. , Jansons Ā. , Jansons J. , Stenlid J. , Vasaitis R.
Published: April 2019

This study investigated the origins and spread patterns of Heterobasidion root disease in three Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loudon plantations established on forest and agricultural land and subjected to three different management scenarios. Trees with decline symptoms and stumps remaining from the previous rotation were sampled for fungal isolations. Ten isolates of Heterobasidion parviporum Niemelä & Korhonen and 425 of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. were tested for clonality through somatic compatibility tests. The following conclusions were reached: (i) P. contorta is highly susceptible to H. annosum and H. parviporum and both pathogens cause dieback of P. contorta; (ii) H. annosum from previous-rotation P. sylvestris stumps can effectively transfer to P. contorta; (iii) the pathogens may form constantly expanding territorial clones; (iv) basidiospores of both pathogens colonise stumps of P. contorta (primary infections); (v) H. parviporum clones expanded more slowly than clones of H. annosum; (vi) clonal spread proceeded more quickly from stumps with established secondary infections than from stumps with primary infections; (vii) H. annosum can persist in pine stumps for at least 26 years; and (viii) stump treatment should be considered to control Heterobasidion primary infections.
Thymoquinone Attenuates Acetaminophen Overdose-Induced Acute Liver Injury and Inflammation Via Regulation of JNK and AMPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Cui Ben-Wen , Bai Ting , Yang Yong , Zhang Yu , Jiang Min , Yang Hong-Xu , Wu Mei , Liu Jian , Qiao Chun-Ying , Zhan Zi-Ying , Wu Yan-Ling , Kang Dong-Zhou , Lian Li-Hua , Nan Ji-Xing
Published: April 2019

Thymoquinone (TQ) is a main aromatic component of Nigella sativa L. seeds or Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze. The protective mechanism of TQ against acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP), however, remains unclear. We aimed to investigated the hepato-protective mechanism of TQ on the development of APAP-induced acute liver injury. Male kunming mice were pretreated with TQ or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) before a single APAP injection. Human Chang liver cells were incubated with TQ, SP600125 or AICAR in presence of APAP for 24[Formula: see text]h. TQ pretreatment reduced levels of serum aminotransferases and increased hepatic glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activities via inhibiting CYP2E1 expression. TQ inhibited JNK, ERK and P38 phosphorylation induced by APAP. Meanwhile, TQ inhibited PI3K/mTOR signaling activation and activated AMPK phosphorylation. Moreover, TQ prevented APAP-induced hepatocytes apoptosis regulated by Bcl-2 and Bax. Furthermore, TQ inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation on APAP-induced acute liver injury. In addition, TQ significantly inhibited P2X7R protein expression and IL-1[Formula: see text] release. APAP-enhanced JNK phosphorylation and APAP-suppressed AMPK phosphorylation were also observed in Chang liver cells, and these changes were recovered by pretreatment with TQ, SP600125 and AICAR. Our findings suggest that TQ may actively prevent APAP-induced acute liver injury, and the effect may be mediated by JNK and AMPK signaling pathways.
Scutellaria Radix Promotes Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells via Induction of AMPK-Dependent Autophagy
Authors: Kim Hyo In , Hong Se Hyang , Ku Jin Mo , Lim Ye Seul , Lee Sol Ji , Song Jungbin , Kim Tai Young , Cheon Chunhoo , Ko Seong-Gyu
Published: April 2019

Scutellaria Radix (SR) is an herb traditionally used in Asian countries to treat inflammatory diseases. Recent studies report that SR exhibits anticancer activities in various types of tumors. In this study, we investigated the apoptotic and autophagic effect of SR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the leading cause of cancer-associated death. Treatment of SR in two NSCLC cell lines, H358 and H2087 cells resulted in suppressed cell viability. Western blot assays showed increased expressions of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), key factors of apoptosis. Co-treatment of SR with a caspase inhibitor Z-VAD led to nullification of the antiproliferative effect, suggesting the role of apoptosis in the action mechanism of SR. Further experiments revealed autophagy was involved in the effect of SR. SR-treated NSCLC cells expressed increased ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-II/LC3-I. When chloroquine was co-treated with SR, this ratio was further increased, indicating SR treatment induced autophagy in NSCLC cells. Interestingly, loss of autophagy by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) co-treatment suppressed SR-induced apoptosis. We then evaluated the relevance of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the autophagic/apoptotic process in NSCLC by SR treatment. Immunoblot assays showed increased phosphorylation of AMPK[Formula: see text] and P70-S6 kinase in SR-treated H358 and H2087 cells. Under AMPK-inhibited conditions by compound C, SR treatment failed to induce both autophagy and apoptosis. Taken together, this study identifies the positive effect of SR in H358 and H2087 cells by inducing apoptosis via AMPK-dependent autophagy. Thus, our results suggest the potential use of SR as a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC patients.
The effect of CaO/SiO2 and B2O3 on the sintering contraction behaviors of CaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics
Authors: Yan Tingnan , Zhang Weijun , Mao Haijun , Chen Xingyu , Bai Shuxin
Published: April 2019

We investigate the effect of CaO/SiO2 (molar ratio) and B2O3 content on the structure and sintering contraction behaviors of Calcium borosilicate (CaO–B2O3–SiO2, CBS) glass-ceramic through the dilatometer and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that the sintering-shrinkage of CBS glass-ceramics is promoted dramatically with the increase of CaO/SiO2 to 1.14, and then keeps nearly constant as the CaO/SiO2 further increases. This phenomenon is correlated with the degree of polymerization (DOP) of the Si–O network structure modulated by the CaO/SiO2, additionally, two sintering shrinkage peaks, corresponding to two-step depolymerization, are detected in the sintering-shrinkage curves of the CBS glass-ceramic as the B2O3 content is elevated to 13.6 mol%. Meanwhile, the shrinking rate of CBS glass-ceramics is increased from 8 × 10[Formula: see text] to 37 × 10[Formula: see text] min[Formula: see text] and the softening point is decreased from 736[Formula: see text]C to 691[Formula: see text]C with the increase of B2O3 content from 6.8 to 20.8 mol⋅%. This is due to the introduction of BO3 trihedral into Si–O–Si three-dimensional structure, which greatly reduces the uniformity and symmetry of the networks, inducing the decrease of the strength for the whole Si–O–Si network structures. The results obtained in this paper reveal the relationship between the glass structure and sintering behavior of the CBS glass-ceramic, which gives an avenue to improve its physical properties.
Effect of density integration on the stability of a new lattice hydrodynamic model
Authors: He Yu-Chu , Zhang Geng , Chen Dong
Published: April 2019

A novel traffic lattice hydrodynamic model considering the effect of density integration is proposed and analyzed in the paper. Via linear stability theory, linear stability condition of the new model is derived, which reveals an improvement of traffic stability by considering the integration of continuous historical density information. Moreover, the nonlinear properties of the extended model are revealed through nonlinear analysis. The propagating backwards kink–antikink waves are generated by deriving the mKdV equation near the critical point and verified by numerical simulation. All the results show that the density integration effect can suppress traffic congestion efficiently in traffic lattice hydrodynamic modeling.
Effect of SESAM on continuous-wave multi-wavelength fiber ring-cavity laser with semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Luo Min , Cao Wei , Chen Haiyan
Published: April 2019

The effect of semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) on continuous-wave multi-wavelength fiber ring-cavity laser with semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is experimentally demonstrated. The evolutionary process of multi-wavelength oscillation and the decrease of oscillating mode number caused by an SESAM are discussed. It’s found that the free oscillating mode number of the multi-wavelength fiber ring-cavity laser with SOA can be upto three, and the lasing wavelengths are 1573.8 nm, 1578.09 nm and 1582.37 nm, respectively. When a SESAM is inserted in the fiber ring-cavity, it narrows the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectrum of the SOA, and the oscillating mode number of the multi-wavelength fiber ring-cavity lasers with SOA decreases to two, a stable dual-wavelength lasing at 1560.91 nm and 1564.12 nm is obtained.
Nonlinear absorption coefficient and refractive index changes of two-dimensional two-electron quantum dot in rigid confinement
Authors: Woldemariam Menberu Mengesha
Published: April 2019

The Hamiltonian and wavefunctions describing two-dimensional (2D) two-electron ZnO quantum dot in rigid confinement are developed. Then the Schrödinger equation is solved analytically and numerically for determining the ground and excited state energies. The ground state energy of 2D two-electron ZnO quantum dot (QD) in rigid confinement is studied using perturbation and variational methods. The obtained result show that our trial wavefunction is good enough to describe the 2D two-electron QD in rigid confinement. The wavefunction describing the ground state is the combination of symmetric spatial wavefunction and antisymmetric spin wavefunction which is a para-state. The ground state energy eigenvalue obtained by variational technique is a little above that of a perturbation technique. Based on this; the trial wavefunction for the excited state is developed. The excited state energy of 2D two-electron ZnO QD in rigid confinement is studied computationally using variational method. The wavefunction describing the excited state is the combination of symmetric spatial wavefunction with antisymmetric spin wavefunction (para-state) or vice versa (ortho-state). The para and ortho-state energies of the first excited state are calculated and their difference is twice of the exchange energy. Based on the obtained energy eigenvalues of the ground and the first excited state at the value of the coupling constant [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 1, the third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient and refractive index changes are investigated. The optical transition is only considered between the two lowest para states.
Min-/Max-Volume Roofs Induced by Bisector Graphs of Polygonal Footprints of Buildings
Authors: Eder Günther , Held Martin , Palfrader Peter
Published: April 2019

Piecewise-linear terrains (“roofs”) over simple polygons were first studied by Aichholzer et al. (J. UCS 1995) in their work on straight skeletons of polygons. We show how to construct a roof over the polygonal footprint of a building that has minimum or maximum volume among all roofs that drain water. Our algorithm for computing such a roof extends the standard plane-sweep approach known from the theory of straight skeletons by additional events. For both types of roofs our algorithm runs in [Formula: see text] time for a simple polygon with [Formula: see text] vertices.
Reticular Chemistry: Molecular Precision in Infinite 2D and 3D
Authors: Yaghi Omar M.
Published: April 2019

The long-standing dream of scientists to be able to link molecules together into crystalline, extended (infinite) 2D and 3D structures is now realized by the establishment of reticular chemistry through the discovery and development of metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks. The architectural, thermal, and chemical stability of such frameworks allowed study of their ultra-high porosity, reactivity and many applications including carbon capture and conversion to fuels, and water harvesting from desert air.
Sinking Failure of Drag Embedment Anchors Due to Wave-Induced Seabed Liquefaction
Authors: Kirca V. S. Ozgur , Sumer B. Mutlu
Published: April 2019

This paper presents the results of an integrated mathematical modeling exercise for sinking of Drag Embedment Anchors (DEA) in a seabed liquefied by waves. The mathematical model consists of three elements (sub-models): (1) Mathematical model for residual liquefaction under waves; (2) Mathematical model for sinking of DEAs in the liquefied soil; and (3) Mathematical model for upward progression of compaction front in the post-liquefaction stage. The study demonstrates the implementation of the model with reference to a selected group of real-life DEAs. The results generally show that the ultimate sinking depths of DEAs are rather large (tens of centimeters short of the liquefaction depth), and accordingly, the ultimate sinking times of DEAs are rather small (O(10[Formula: see text]min)) as a result of the massive weights of these anchors. The paper presents a parametric study carried out in a systematic way to understand the influence of parameters such as the relative density of soil, the soil depth, and the grain size on the end results.
Geochemical signature of earthquake-induced surface flooding by mineralized groundwater over the buried Atlántida deposit, northern Chile
Authors: Brown A. E. , Winterburn P. A. , Bissig T.
Published: April 2019

At the buried Atlántida deposit (Cu–Au–(Mo)) in the Atacama Desert of Chile, highly saline pockets of fine-grained material 10 cm–3 m in diameter were identified on the alluvial surface using remote sensing and detailed regolith mapping. The median salinity (NaCl dominant) of the saline pockets is 2.2% compared to background alluvial material with a median salinity of 0.01%. Their distribution along mapped fault structures and the highly saline nature of the material suggest they form as an expression of groundwater forced through fractures to the surface during seismic activity. A targeted geochemical survey, oriented parallel to the orientation of the structures (sample spacing 250 m along structural trend) specifically sampling saline pockets on relatively old surfaces, was performed over the deposit. Deionized water extraction of soluble salts and analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed strong correlations of increasing salinity and increasing concentrations of porphyry copper pathfinder elements. Elevated responses of Se, Mo, Re and Te normalized to a groundwater volume proxy are present directly over the Atlántida deposit. This suggests the rate of erosion and sedimentation is slow enough in the Atacama Desert to preserve surficial anomalies as saline pockets, formed by periodic seismically induced surface flooding of groundwater along faults extending to surface. Targeted sampling of saline pockets along structural trends using weak leach geochemistry in terrains dominated by transported cover can serve as a routine exploration method for the potential discovery of buried copper porphyries and other styles of mineralization in the Atacama Desert of Chile.
Geochemical discrimination and petrogenetic affinities of dykes intruding the Ladakh batholith, NW India
Authors: Heri A. R. , Bahl J. , Villa I. M.
Published: April 2019

Eocene dykes extending over 50 km along the southern margin of the Ladakh batholith (NW India) fall into two main groups showing different orientations, as well as different isotope and trace element geochemistry. Both dyke families formed in the same tectonic setting over a time span of approximately 4 Ma. However, each family is far from monolithic, and therefore we tested several statistical approaches to identify geochemical subgroups from rare earth element (REE) data and relate them to magmatogenetic processes.

Hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling calculate similarities/dissimilarities among individuals of a population. Both statistical tools, when applied to the Ladakh dykes, reflect the east–west dichotomy. However, detailed quantification of the resulting grouping varies according to input data. Normalization to chondrites yields slightly different groupings from unnormalized concentration data. Population internal REE normalization provides the most accurate grouping, as revealed by the fact that multiple samples from the same dyke are assigned the closest relatedness. Independently from normalization, east–west dichotomy is mirrored by marked differences in the degree of crustal assimilation and magma evolution, pointing to kilometre-scale geological heterogeneity. Finally, dykes intruding the Ladakh batholith 150 km SE of the present samples are geochemically similar, but cluster as a distinct group.
Maintaining Balance
Authors: King Janet C.
Published: April 2019

Writing this biography forced me to look back over my career as a scientist, teacher, wife, and mother. To my surprise, a lifelong theme emerged that I was unaware of, that is, the role of maintaining balance between work and family, science and teaching, mentorship and administration, and personal values and challenges. My primary mentor, Dr. Doris Calloway, demonstrated the importance of maintaining balance. My interest in nutrition started as a preschooler living on a farm where I learned firsthand the importance of balancing the expense of providing good nutrition to the livestock with potential income. In our small high school, I became acquainted with the fascinating field of chemistry, but found it critical to balance that interest with a politically correct field of study for a woman in the early 1960s. I chose dietetics for its strong roots in chemistry. As a US Army dietitian, I learned firsthand how to conduct metabolic studies and knew, immediately, that I had to balance that interest with future opportunities feasible for a dietitian. I chose the University of California, Berkeley, for my PhD because it needed to train dietitians in research to balance an emerging need to offer undergraduates a practicum in dietetics. My subsequent faculty appointment there enabled me to develop novel isotopic approaches for studying zinc and prenatal nutrition, and balance my research with teaching and administrative responsibilities. During the next 40 years, my work as a Berkeley professor led to appointments at the Western Human Nutrition Research Center and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, while balancing my responsibilities as a wife and a mother to my two sons. Balance is defined as a condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions. It is extremely satisfying to look back and see evidence of successfully balancing the disparate elements of my career.
Interferometric Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Young Gavin , Kukura Philipp
Published: April 2019

Interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT) is an extremely sensitive imaging method based on the efficient detection of light scattered by nanoscopic objects. The ability to, at least in principle, maintain high imaging contrast independent of the exposure time or the scattering cross section of the object allows for unique applications in single-particle tracking, label-free imaging of nanoscopic (dis)assembly, and quantitative single-molecule characterization. We illustrate these capabilities in areas as diverse as mechanistic studies of motor protein function, viral capsid assembly, and single-molecule mass measurement in solution. We anticipate that iSCAT will become a widely used approach to unravel previously hidden details of biomolecular dynamics and interactions.