bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coronary collateral development after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Fujita M. , Sasayama S. , Ejiri M. , Asanoi H. , Nakajima H. , Miwa K.
Published: February 2009

In 31 patients without a history of preinfarction angina, coronary collateral circulation to the completely obstructed coronary artery was evaluated by coronary angiography during a convalescent period of their first myocardial infarction. Collateral visualization (collateral index) was found to be significantly greater in patients with involvement of the right coronary artery (2.1 ± 1.1, SD) than in those with obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery (1.2±1.0, p<0.05). The time interval from the onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction to angiographic evaluation did not affect the extent of collateral visualization or the degree of coronary artery disease. These findings indicate that the collateral vessels develop after acute myocardial infarction regardless of the extent of coronary artery disease and accomplish the proliferative process within one month. It is also suggested that the collateral visualization is dependent on the size of perfusion territory of the infarct‐related coronary artery.
Heart rate and catecholamine contribution to qt interval shortening on exercise
Authors: Davey Patrick , Bateman Jeffrey
Published: February 2009

Background: QT interval shortens with exercise. Some of this shortening is due to an increase in heart rate, and some is due to other effects of exercise, probably mostly neuroendocrine effects. Data from subjects with cardiac transplants have suggested that non‐heart rate‐related changes in QT interval on exercise are due to the effects of circulating catecholamines.

Hypothesis: We sought to determine whether changes in plasma catecholamine levels with exercise are an important contributor to non‐heart rate‐related QT interval shortening.

Methods: Subjects with DDD pacemakers were recruited. Subjects had QT intervals measured at rest, during a low fixed level exercise test designed to increase heart rate to about 110 beats/min, and, after resting, during pacing at a heart rate of 110 beats/min. Catecholamine levels were measured at each stage of the study.

Results: QT interval at rest was 420 ± 12 ms, during pacing 366 ± 16 ms, and on exercise 325 ± 14 ms. This then gave the proportion of QT interval shortening due to heart rate as 68.6 ± 9.3% of total QT shortening, with the range between 35 and 95.6%. There was no proportionality between the degree of QT interval shortening on exercise that was not due to increases in heart rate and changes in plasma catecholamine levels.

Conclusion: Two‐thirds of exercise‐induced QT interval shortening are due to an increase in heart rate, and one‐third to other effects. Changes in plasma catecholamine levels on exercise were not closely related to changes in the QT interval on exercise.
Dasatinib treatment for Philadelphia chromosome‐positive leukemias
Authors: Khoury Hanna Jean , Guilhot François , Hughes Timothy P. , Kim Dong‐Wook , Cortes Jorge E.
Published: February 2009

Dasatinib is a highly potent Bcr‐Abl inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of imatinib‐resistant or ‐intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Across a series of phase 2 and 3 trials, dasatinib was associated with durable treatment responses in all phases of the disease and was well tolerated. For this article, the authors reviewed available information on specific side effects associated with the use of dasatinib. On the basis of more than 2 years' experience of dasatinib treatment during clinical trials, they provide practical recommendations for side‐effect management. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The impact of pregnancy on breast cancer outcomes in women ≤35 years
Authors: Beadle Beth M. , Woodward Wendy A. , Middleton Lavinia P. , Tereffe Welela , Strom Eric A. , Litton Jennifer K. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Theriault Richard L. , Buchholz Thomas A. , Perkins George H.
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND:

Some evidence suggests that women with pregnancy‐associated breast cancers (PABC) have a worse outcome compared with historical controls. However, young age is a worse prognostic factor independently, and women with PABC tend to be young. The purpose of the current study was to compare locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastases (DM), and overall survival (OS) in young patients with PABC and non‐PABC.

METHODS:

Data for 668 breast cancers in 652 patients aged ≤35 years were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred four breast cancers (15.6%) were pregnancy‐associated; 51 cancers developed during pregnancy and 53 within 1 year after pregnancy.

RESULTS:

The median follow‐up for all living patients was 114 months. Patients who developed PABC had more advanced T classification, N classification, and stage group (all P < .04) compared with patients with non‐PABC. Patients with PABC had no statistically significant differences in 10‐year rates of LRR (23.4% vs 19.2%; P = .47), DM (45.1% vs 38.9%; P = .40), or OS (64.6% vs 64.8%; P = .60) compared with patients with non‐PABC. For those patients who developed breast cancer during pregnancy, any treatment intervention during pregnancy provided a trend toward improved OS compared with delaying evaluation and treatment until after delivery (78.7% vs 44.7%; P = .068).

CONCLUSIONS:

Young patients with PABC had no statistically significant differences in LRR, DM, or OS compared with those with non‐PABC; however, pregnancy contributed to a delay in breast cancer diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. Primary care and reproductive physicians should be aggressive in the workup of breast symptoms in the pregnant population to expedite diagnosis and allow multidisciplinary treatment. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Symbolic analysis of (MO)(I)CCI(II)(III)‐based analog circuits
Authors: Tlelo‐Cuautle E. , Sánchez‐López C. , Moro‐Frías D.
Published: February 2009

New nullor‐based models are introduced to describe the behavior of the first generation current conveyor (CCI), second generation current conveyor (CCII), third generation current conveyor (CCIII), their inverting equivalents (ICCI(II)(III)), and/or their multiple output topologies (MO(I)CCI(II)(III)). These nullor equivalents include only grounded resistors to improve the formulation of equations in symbolic nodal analysis. In this manner, it is highlighted the usefulness of the proposed models to calculate analytical expressions in MO(I)CCI(II)(III)‐based analog circuits. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wavelength retuning without service interruption in an all‐optical survivable network
Authors: Hu Rose Qingyang , Hu Weiwei , Jin Mingzhou , Qian Yi
Published: February 2009

This paper proposes a new wavelength retuning (WRT) scheme in an all‐optical WDM network. Compared with the existing WRT schemes developed for all‐optical networks, which can alleviate the wavelength‐continuity constraint but cannot avoid service interruption or data loss, the proposed scheme is able to alleviate the wavelength‐continuity constraint and reduce the connection blocking probability with no service interruption to the on‐going traffic. This is achieved by allocating two routes, one for active path and one for backup path, to each incoming connection request and conducting WRT only on the backup path. The backup path provides an alternate path in case of a failure, while the active path carries traffic under normal conditions. Thus, WRT on the backup path will not cause any impact on data transmission. An optimal backup path WRT scheme and a heuristic algorithm are developed and the performance evaluation on the proposed schemes is presented. The simulation results show that the proposed optimal scheme reduces the connection blocking probability by 46.8% on average, while the proposed heuristic scheme reduces the blocking probability by 28.3% on average, all compared with the scheme without WRT. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful establishment of MEKC with electrochemiluminescence detection based on one functionalized ionic liquid
Authors: Xu Yuanhong , Fang Lanyun , Wang Erkang
Published: February 2009

Herein, one water‐soluble functionalized ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dodecyl sulfate ([BMIm+][C12H25SO−4]), was designed and its superiorities either used as supporting electrolytes or as additives for successful establishment of MEKC with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection (MEKC‐ECL) method were investigated. Compared with the common supporting electrolytes such as phosphate solution, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dodecyl sulfate solution used as running buffers led to greatly enhanced ECL intensities and column efficiencies for negative targets, a little increase for neutral‐charge ones while maintained nearly unchanged for positive ones due to the electrostatic forces between the large cation BMIm+ and the solutes and the hydrophobic interactions resulting from the large anion C12H25SO−4. Moreover, resolution efficiency between analytes was significantly improved. As the existence of ionic liquid moiety, BMIm+, accelerated the electron transfer at the electrode surface, the poisoning effect of long chain C12H25SO−4 on the electrode surface was eliminated and reproducible ECL intensities with relative standard derivation of 1.02% (n=6) were obtained. The proposed novel MEKC‐ECL system was again validated by the baseline separated two similar amino acids of proline and hydroxyproline with lower detection limits of 0.5 and 0.8 μM (S/N=3), respectively.
Evaluation of gel electrophoresis conditions for the separation of metal‐tagged proteins with subsequent laser ablation ICP‐MS detection
Authors: Raab Andrea , Pioselli Barbara , Munro Caroline , Thomas‐Oates Jane , Feldmann Jörg
Published: February 2009

Although laser ablation (LA)‐ICP‐MS has been reported for the determination of metalloproteins separated by gel electrophoretic techniques (GE), systematic studies that define the conditions essential for successful measurements are still scarce. In this paper we present the results of our studies of basic conditions for the effective application of GE‐LA‐ICP‐MS for the separation of metal‐binding proteins, focusing on their stability during GE and post‐separation gel treatment. The stability of metal–protein complexes (haemoglobin, myoglobin, superoxide dismutase, carbonic anhydrase, transferrin, albumin, cytochrome c) during GE is dependent on the nature of the metal–protein interaction and the principle of separation. We have observed that non‐denaturing GE is a suitable separation technique for most metal–protein complexes (e.g. Zn in carbonic anhydrase and Fe in Tf and myoglobin were quantitatively recovered in a spiked liver cytosol), whereas separation by denaturing GE strongly impaired the stability of the complexes. Equally important is the post‐separation treatment of the gel to enable successful detection of the metal. LA‐ICP‐MS requires drying of the gel without loss of protein‐bound metal or cracking of the gel. This was successfully achieved using glycerol followed by heating. We demonstrate that staining of the gel prior to LA‐ICP‐MS using silver or Coomassie blue is not recommended, since most protein‐bound metal is lost during the staining procedure. Furthermore it has been shown that only line scanning with a speed of less than 30 μm/s can reliably distinguish between lines 1 mm apart, while raster spot analysis carries the risk of misinterpretation due to contamination in/on inhomogeneous gels.
A PDMS sheath flow cuvette for high‐sensitivity LIF measurements in CE
Authors: Skinner Cameron D.
Published: February 2009

A simple method for producing a sheath flow cuvette in PDMS suitable for post‐column detection in CE is described. Two types of cuvette were investigated. In the first, the sheath flow channel had a round cross‐section of approximately 635 μm diameter, whereas the second cuvette had a 300×300 μm2square channel. Both cuvettes produced laminar flows that ensheathed the separation capillary's effluent allowing sensitive fluorescence measurements. The elasticity of the PDMS allowed the 300×300 μm2square sheath flow channel to expand uniformly and accommodate the larger 330–340 μm od round separation capillary, producing a self‐aligning cuvette with robust mechanical properties. With this cuvette, linear calibrations of over five orders of magnitude and 15–30 zmol fluorescein detection limits were obtained for 12 and 50 μm id capillaries.
Attomole protein analysis by CIEF with LIF detection
Authors: Ramsay Lauren M. , Dickerson Jane A. , Dovichi Norman J.
Published: February 2009

We have coupled CIEF with an LIF detector that is based on a post‐column sheath flow cuvette. We employed Chromeo P503 as a fluorogenic reagent to label proteins before analysis. This reagent reacts with the ε‐amine of lysine residues, preserving the cationic nature of the residue; labeled proteins generate extremely sharp peaks in CIEF. A set of four standard proteins generated a linear relationship between migration time and pI. A protein homogenate prepared from a Barrett's esophagus cell line resolved over 100 components in a 40 min separation. Detection limits for Chromeo P503‐labeled β‐lactoglobulin were 5 amol injected into the capillary. Fluorescent impurities present in the ampholytes generated a large background signal that degraded the detection limit by four orders of magnitude compared with other forms of capillary electrophoresis with this detector.
Adaptive spatial multiplexing for time‐varying correlated MIMO channels
Authors: Zhou Yan
Published: February 2009

This work presents an adaptive spatial multiplexing scheme for time‐varying correlated multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) channels. Unlike the conventional spatially uncorrelated block fading channel model, both temporal channel variation in each data block and spatial correlation are considered in the design. The proposed system continuously transmits packets with identical structure. Each packet consists of a training phase followed by a data transmission phase. The training signal is used to estimate instantaneous channel state at the receiver. In each symbol period of data transmission phase, the transmitter simultaneously transmits multiple data streams, which are decoded at the receiver based on the estimated channel state. The transmitter is assumed to know only the channel statistics, with which the power and rate for each data stream as well as the number of data streams are adjusted in each symbol period to achieve a target bit error rate (BER). The results reveal that the throughput‐maximising transmission strategy makes a judicious diversity‐multiplexing tradeoff by allocating power to an optimum number of data streams. Moreover, the packet length is also optimised based on the temporal channel variation rate. The simulation results demonstrate that the throughput can be significantly enhanced by the optimum packet length. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical validation of endophenotypes using a surrogate endpoint analytic analogue
Authors: Huang Guan‐Hua , Hsieh Chin‐Chiang , Chen Chen‐Hsin , Chen Wei J.
Published: February 2009

Endophenotypes, which involve the same biological pathways as diseases but presumably are closer to the relevant gene actions than diagnostic phenotypes, have emerged as an important concept in the genetic studies of complex diseases. In this report, we develop a formal statistical methodology for validating endophenotypes. The proposed method was motivated by the conditioning strategy used for surrogate endpoints commonly seen in clinical research. We define an endophenotype to be “a trait for which a test of null hypothesis of no genetic heritability implies the corresponding null hypothesis based on the phenotype of interest”. An index, the proportion of heritability explained, is used as an operational criterion of validation. Statistical inferences on this index are also developed. Usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated through computer simulations and a study of assessing the Continuous Performance Test as an endophenotype of the schizophrenia spectrum. Genet. Epidemiol. 33:549–558, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Control of dermatology image integrity using reversible watermarking
Authors: Kallel Imen Fourati , Bouhlel Mohamed Salim , Lapayre Jean‐Christophe , Garcia Eric
Published: February 2009

As advanced melanoma remains practically incurable, early surgical excision is an important step toward a reduction in mortality. For that, the dermatologists always encouraged the detection of the nevus at an early stage. In recent years, a considerable interest has arisen in the development of noninvasive tools to improve early diagnosis, many new technical operation using a telecommunication network allow practitioners to perform in real time a relevant diagnosis. Because of the open environment of web‐based applications, their exploitation in medical field introduces many security concerns. In this article, we present DECOPREME (COllaborative PREcocious DEtection of Melanoma) a new project which allows practitioners to use telecommunication technologies to provide early diagnosis. We describe, after that, our proposed reversible watermarking method used for integrity verification, we also evaluate image visual quality after watermark embedding and the effectiveness of locating tampered regions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 5–9, 2009
Iterative algorithm for optimal fiducials under weak perspective projection
Authors: Bruckstein Alfred M. , Holt Robert J. , Netravali Arun N.
Published: February 2009

In previous work, we designed space fiducials with the aim of making camera pose determination as noise‐insensitive as possible. These fiducials turned out to be sets of points that formed concentric regular polyhedra. Here, we apply an idea of Dementhon and Davis and test and analyze an iterative linear algorithm in conjunction with our optimal fiducials to increase the accuracy of the computed camera pose. We also analyze under what circumstances this iterative algorithm is guaranteed to converge to the correct solution. Comprehensive computer simulations illustrate the behavior of the algorithm and the degree of improvement in pose determination in case of convergence. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 27–36, 2009
Conoscopic holograms analysis using variations of the Hough transform
Authors: Butime Julius , Corzo Luis Galo , Fontan Luis , García Íñigo Gutiérrez , Galarza Ainhoa , Sancho Iñaki
Published: February 2009

The analysis of holograms obtained using a Conoscopic setup is a very complex subject, given their nature. Holograms contain the 3D depth information about an object whose surface is to be measured and later reconstructed. The recovery of depth information has so far been carried out using mathematical transforms in combination with linear regression techniques. Here the Hough transform, a useful Computer Vision technique for detecting features in images is adapted to the analysis of holograms in order to establish distance relationships for a given object. The captured images of holograms are pre‐processed and subsequently analyzed for characteristic patterns that are later used in finding the distance to an object. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 10–13, 2009
Titanium induced production of chemokines CCL17/TARC and CCL22/MDC in human osteoclasts and osteoblasts
Authors: Cadosch Dieter , Gautschi Oliver P. , Chan Erwin , Simmen Hans‐Peter , Filgueira Luis
Published: February 2009

There is increasing evidence that titanium (Ti(IV)) ions are released from orthopedic implants and play a role in aseptic loosening. This study aimed to investigate whether titanium induces expression of chemokines and cytokines that are important in osteoclastogenesis in human osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Incubation of those cells with 1 μM Ti(IV) significantly upregulated expression of CCL17/TARC and CCL22/MDC, RANK‐L, M‐CSF and pro‐inflammatory cytokines as determined by quantitative real‐time PCR and ELISA assays. Additionally, flow cytometry was used to show Ti(IV) related increased expression of CCR4, the cognate receptor for CCL17 and CCL22 in challenged osteoclast precursors. These results strongly suggest that Ti(IV) ions play a role in the recruitment of osteoclast precursors to the bone‐implant interface by increasing CCL17 and CCL22 expression and by upregulating their cognate receptor. Moreover the increased expression of RANK‐L and M‐CSF by osteoblasts together with increased levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines may enhance osteoclast differentiation and activity, and subsequently contribute to the pathomechanism of aseptic loosening. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
The origin and assembly of a zona pellucida binding protein, IAM38, during spermiogenesis
Authors: Yu Yang , Vanhorne Judy , Oko Richard
Published: February 2009

IAM38 is the most prominent protein of the inner acrosomal membrane extracellular coat (IAMC) of spermatozoa. It is retained by the inner acrosomal membrane after the acrosome reaction and is implicated in secondary sperm‐zona binding (Yu et al., Dev Biol2006;290:32–43). Its gene knockout, Zpbp1−/−, prevents acrosome compaction and leads to acrosome fragmentation and sterility in male mice (Lin et al., Mol Cell Biol2007;27:6794–6805). Because of this protein's important role in acrosomal formation and fertilization, the authors were interested in tracing its origin and expression during spermiogenesis. The authors reasoned that a detailed immunocytochemical investigation, utilizing anti‐IAM38 antibodies as probes at the ultrastructural level, could reveal the processes involved in assembly of the IAMC and the compaction of the acrosome. High level of the IAM38 transcript was already detectable at postnatal day 20, corresponding to the time in mouse testis development when round spermatids first appear and acrosomal formation is initiated. IAM38 protein was first seen during this time (Golgi phase of spermiogenesis) within the dense core of the proacrosomal granules (PG) of round spermatids. After PG fusion to form the acrosomic vesicle (AV) the immunoreactivity was concentrated in the centrally located acrosomic granule (AG) of the AV, until acrosomal‐nuclear docking occurred. Subsequently, in the cap phase, IAM38 migrated from the AG to the extracellular side of the acrosomal membrane, eventually disappearing altogether from the AG. During the elongation phase IAM38 labeling disappeared from the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM) in the apical and principal segments of the acrosome but remained lining the OAM in the equatorial segment (ES) as well as the entire IAM of the acrosome. Compaction of the ES in the maturation phase of spermiogenesis coincided with the IAM38‐labeled extracellular coat of the inner and outer acrosomal membranes coming together in close proximity of each other to form a “zipper‐like” structure found in the ES of mature spermatozoa. In summary, the results set a precedent, showing for the first time that glycoproteins, which originate in the acrosomic granule can be transferred to the acrosomal membrane during acrosome formation. Furthermore, the localization of IAM38 on the extracellular side of both the inner and outer acrosomal membrane during the cap phase of acrosomal development supports the role of this prominent protein in acrosomal compaction. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On bipartite graphs of diameter 3 and defect 2
Authors: Delorme Charles , Jørgensen Leif K. , Miller Mirka , Pineda‐Villavicencio Guillermo
Published: February 2009

We consider bipartite graphs of degree Δ≥2, diameter D=3, and defect 2 (having 2 vertices less than the bipartite Moore bound). Such graphs are called bipartite (Δ, 3, −2) ‐graphs. We prove the uniqueness of the known bipartite (3, 3, −2) ‐graph and bipartite (4, 3, −2)‐graph. We also prove several necessary conditions for the existence of bipartite (Δ, 3, −2) ‐graphs. The most general of these conditions is that either Δ or Δ−2 must be a perfect square. Furthermore, in some cases for which the condition holds, in particular, when Δ=6 and Δ=9, we prove the non‐existence of the corresponding bipartite (Δ, 3, −2)‐graphs, thus establishing that there are no bipartite (Δ, 3, −2)‐graphs, for 5≤Δ≤10. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 61: 271–288, 2009
Reactivity of 3‐cyano‐N‐ethoxycarbonyl‐iminocoumarin with hydrazides as N‐nucleophiles
Authors: Kammoun Myriam , Turki Hamida , Gharbi Rachid El , Fery‐Forgues Suzanne
Published: February 2009

magnified image

Condensation of 3‐cyano‐7‐diethylamino‐N‐ethoxycarbonyl‐iminocoumarin with various hydrazides as N‐nucleophiles gave a new series of 2‐oxo‐2H‐1‐benzopyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidines bearing an acylhydrazino fragment in the 4‐position. The structures of the products obtained were characterized using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The optical properties were reported for three of these compounds. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
H‐Wave® induces arteriolar vasodilation in rat striated muscle via nitric oxide‐mediated mechanisms
Authors: Smith Thomas L. , Blum Kenneth , Callahan Michael F. , DiNubile Nicholas A. , Chen Thomas J.H. , Waite Roger L.
Published: February 2009

H‐Wave® electrical device stimulation (HWDS) is used clinically to expedite recovery from soft tissue injuries. We hypothesized that HWDS induces arteriolar dilation, a mechanism involved in the healing process. Acute effects of HWDS on striated muscle arteriolar diameters were studied. Arteriolar diameters were measured in the cremaster muscle of 57 male anesthetized rats using intravital microscopy before and after HWDS or sham stimulation (SS) at 1 or 2 Hz for periods of 30–60 min. In a separate cohort, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the response to HWDS was assessed by blocking NO synthase using topical L‐NAME at 10−5 M. Maximal arteriolar responses to stimulation were compared to prestimulation diameters. HWDS both at 1 and 2 Hz resulted in significant arteriolar vasodilation (p < 0.05). The arterioles in SS animals demonstrated no changes in diameter. Similarly, microvascular diameters did not change with HWDS following blockade of NO production. Because of Poiseuille's Law, the significant arteriolar dilation induced by HWDS would translate into increases in blood flow of 26–62%. In addition, lack of arteriolar dilation following HWDS with blockade of NO production suggests that NO plays a role in the microvascular response to HWDS. These studies suggest that arteriolar vasodilation accompanying HWDS may result in increased perfusion, contributing to the observed therapeutic effects of HWDS. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Glossopharyngeal schwannoma of the suprahyoid carotid space: Case report and discussion of the relationship to the carotid artery
Authors: Nagamine Wayde H. , Conneely Mark F. , Petruzzelli Guy J. , Hacein‐Bey Lotfi
Published: February 2009

Background:

The distinction between lesions of the deep parotid space and those of the carotid space has been greatly facilitated by cross‐sectional imaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), due to 1) good assessment of parapharyngeal fat displacement, and 2) reliable and consistent identification of the carotid artery. While masticator space masses consistently displace the carotid artery posteriorly, it is generally assumed that carotid space masses, particularly schwannomas, displace the carotid artery anteriorly. We report on a patient with a rare glossopharyngeal schwannoma of the carotid space that caused posterior displacement of the carotid artery.

Methods:

A 38‐year‐old female presented with headaches and a pharyngeal sensation of a foreign body without dysgeusia and dysphagia. Computed tomography (CT) and MRI showed a left carotid space mass, suggestive of a schwannoma, although the internal carotid artery was displaced posteriorly. The mass was hypovascular at angiography. The patient underwent surgical excision of her lesion via a left cervical‐parotid approach.

Results:

In our patient with a carotid space mass, all imaging features suggested a schwannoma, except for posterior displacement of the carotid artery. A glossopharyngeal nerve schwannoma was found at surgery. Schwannomas of the glossopharyngeal nerve are uncommon, and those originating from the extracranial course of the nerve are extremely rare.

Conclusions:

Schwannomas of the suprahyoid carotid space most commonly arise from the vagus nerve and have a typical pattern, which includes anterior displacement of the carotid artery. A rare exception to this has been reported in schwannomas of the sympathetic nerve, which may displace the carotid artery posteromedially. Our patient had a schwannoma of the extracranial glossopharyngeal nerve, which caused posterolateral carotid displacement. Laryngoscope, 2009
Characterization of laryngeal dysfunction in chronic persistent cough
Authors: Ryan Nicole M. , Gibson Peter G.
Published: February 2009

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Laryngeal symptoms are increasingly recognized to occur in chronic persistent cough and may result from the sensory hyperresponsiveness that characterizes this condition. Apart from cough, the motor consequences of sensory activation have not been well described in chronic persistent cough. The efficacy of speech pathology treatment for chronic cough suggests that laryngeal dysfunction may be relevant in chronic persistent cough. This study investigated the relationship between cough reflex sensitivity and laryngeal dysfunction, which was assessed as paradoxical vocal cord movement (PVCM) and extrathoracic airway hyperresponsiveness, in patients with chronic cough.

Study Design:

Cross‐sectional case‐control comparison of subjects with chronic cough and healthy controls.

Methods:

Adults with chronic persistent cough (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 11) were assessed by cough‐specific quality of life questionnaire, extrathoracic airway hyperresponsiveness to hypertonic saline provocation, capsaicin cough reflex hypersensitivity, and fibreoptic laryngoscopy to assess PVCM.

Results:

Laryngeal dysfunction was present in many patients with chronic persistent cough. PVCM was present in 56% of subjects with chronic cough and accompanied by cough reflex hypersensitivity and impaired quality of life. Inspiratory airflows were reduced in cough with PVCM, and there was significant extrathoracic airway hyperresponsiveness.

Conclusions:

Laryngeal dysfunction is common in chronic cough, where it is manifest as paradoxical vocal cord movement and extrathoracic airway hyperresponsiveness. Laryngeal dysfunction in chronic cough is associated with reduced quality of life. Laryngeal hypersensitivity may be a common mechanism that can be effectively treated by speech language therapy. Laryngoscope, 2009
Ruminant and industrial trans fatty acids: Consumption data and health aspects. Is there a difference?
Authors: Grooten Henriëtte , Oomen Claudia
Published: February 2009

Consumption of trans fatty acids (TFA) has been associated with a higher risk of coronary heart diseases. In our daily food pattern two different sources of TFA can be distinguished: ruminant TFA and industrial TFA. Controversy exists between the health effects of both sources. Now, new findings are available in which both TFA sources are investigated in intervention studies. Also, an epidemiological study is published in which a wide intake of ruminant TFA is investigated. These data suggest that there is no nutritional difference between the sources. However, total TFA intake in most European countries is nowadays already reduced to recommendation levels, so that the risk of coronary heart diseases is not increased anymore. Focus should be addressed to other issues like reduction of saturated fatty acids.
Biomarkers of long‐chain PUFA omega‐3 fatty acids and the human nutritional status
Authors: Berra Bruno , Montorfano Gigliola , Negroni Manuela , Corsetto Paola , Rizzo Angela Maria
Published: February 2009

The association of dietary fats with disease risk or outcome can be determined from epidemiological studies and/or from food frequency questionnaires; a better assessment of the dietary intake of the long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids omega‐3 is obtained by the fatty acid composition of the platelets or of erythrocyte membranes yet these procedures are lengthy. Other investigators have used adipose tissue obtained by percutaneous biopsy, but it must be pointed out that this procedure is not only invasive but time‐consuming as well. Also, it has to be noted that the turnover time for fatty acids has been estimated to be 1–3 years.
What moderates the too‐much‐choice effect?
Authors: Scheibehenne Benjamin , Greifeneder Rainer , Todd Peter M.
Published: February 2009

Core theories in economics, psychology, and marketing suggest that decision makers benefit from having more choice. In contrast, according to the too‐much‐choice effect, having too many options to choose from may ultimately decrease the motivation to choose and the satisfaction with the chosen option. To reconcile these two positions, we tested whether there are specific conditions in which the too‐much‐choice effect is more or less likely to occur. In three studies with a total of 598 participants, we systematically investigated the moderating impact of choice set sizes, option attractiveness, and whether participants had to justify their choices. We also tested the moderating role of search behavior, domain‐specific expertise, and participants' tendency to maximize, in a within‐subject design. Overall, only choice justification proved to be an effective moderator, calling the extent of the too‐much‐choice effect into question. We provide a theoretical account for our findings and discuss possible pathways for future research. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testing the tyranny of too much choice against the allure of more choice
Authors: White Chris M. , Hoffrage Ulrich
Published: February 2009

When choosing among several options, people often defer choice. Previous research found that choice deferral can increase and/or decrease as the number of available options increases. To understand these contradictory findings, the assumption was made that people may defer choice for either of two reasons. The number of deferrals made in a controlled laboratory experiment that were inferred to be due to no options being good enough, decreased as the number of options increased. In contrast, the number of deferrals inferred to be due to there being uncertainty regarding which option was the best, increased. Observing these two effects simultaneously helps to explain the inconsistent results observed in previous research. It is also shown that these assumptions can account for the various relationships previously observed between the size of the choice set and the probability of choice deferral. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Leaving the store empty‐handed: Testing explanations for the too‐much‐choice effect using decision field theory
Authors: Jessup Ryan K. , Veinott Elizabeth S. , Todd Peter M. , Busemeyer Jerome R.
Published: February 2009

Economic theories of choice suggest that more options are better, and people should prefer choosing from among more options to find their most valued alternative. But in an intriguing counter‐example, Iyengar and Lepper (2000) observed that while people were attracted to more options while shopping, the larger set size increased the likelihood that they would leave the store empty‐handed. Surprisingly, this too‐much‐choice effect has not been consistently observed in situations where it would be expected (e.g., Chernev, 2003; Scheibehenne, 2008). This paper describes boundary conditions for the too‐much‐choice effect that were determined by evaluating three different psychological explanations within a unified theoretical framework, decision field theory (Busemeyer & Townsend, 1993). The effect of environmental structure on choice was also tested by varying the distribution of quality in the option sets between low variance (roughly uniform) and high variance (exponential distribution). Based on these simulations, two explanations were identified that differentially predicted the too‐much‐choice effect: avoiding choice when the most preferred option changes too often, or when time runs out. Moreover, the magnitude of the too‐much‐choice effect depended on the distribution of option quality. These mechanism environment structure combinations can help explain why the too‐much‐choice effect is observed some—but not all—of the time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endogenous timing in a mixed duopoly: price competition with managerial delegation
Authors: Nakamura Yasuhiko , Inoue Tomohiro
Published: February 2009

We introduce a managerial delegation contract into the mixed duopoly model and examine its influence on price setting in a mixed duopoly in the context of the endogenous‐timing problem. We obtain the result that owners of a public and a private firm prefer to delay the setting of the prices of their products as much as possible. Thus, in equilibrium, the firms choose their prices simultaneously in the latter stage of the game. This is in contrast to the findings of the entrepreneurial case, according to which firms choose prices simultaneously in the former stage. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limb replantation with two robots: A feasibility study in a pig model
Authors: Taleb Chihab , Nectoux Eric , Liverneaux Philippe
Published: February 2009

The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of limb replantations and transplantations by telesurgery. The material consisted in a large white pig and two surgical robots (DaVinciS® telemanipulators). The procedure consisted in a trans‐humeral cross‐section of the left thoracic limb, which was secondarily replanted. Results showed good vascular permeability, while the operator's physiological tremor was suppressed. Our results seem to demonstrate that telesurgery could improve limb replantation and transplantation management, especially regarding operating gesture precision. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
A novel rabbit model for the evaluation of retrograde flow venous flaps
Authors: Tan Maybelle P. S. , Lim Aymeric Y.T. , Zhu Qifen
Published: February 2009

Venous flaps have several potential advantages over traditional flaps, but their uses have been limited by unpredictable survival. Although clinical and experimental studies have concentrated mainly on the antegrade arterialization of venous flaps to increase survival, retrogradely arterialized venous flaps (AVFs) may have the greatest potential. There is, however, little literature on their use. There are also no animal studies comparing their survival to other venous flaps used in a similar situation. Our aim was to design a flap utilizing the rabbit's valved, thoracoepigastric vein (consisting of the lateral thoracic and epigastric veins) as the source vessel for the study of retrograde arterialized venous flaps (RAVFs). A pilot study (n = 10) to determine the survival of RAVFs was performed utilizing this animal model. Four flaps had complete survival at the end of our 2‐week observational period. However, we also had four partial flap losses and two cases in which the entire flap was lost. An average survival area of 44.5% was observed. In conclusion, our designed rabbit thoracoepigastric RAVF is simple to apply and easily reproducible. It is the first animal flap adapted specifically for the study of RAVFs, and may be used for the further investigation of these flaps, which have shown unpredictable survival to date. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Design of compact bandpass cavity combline filter for satellite positioning receiver systems
Authors: Weiwei Wu , Qi Feng , Jinjian Huang , Naichang Yuan
Published: February 2009

In this article, the size of the cavity combline filter is greatly reduced by using capacitively loaded disks and reentrant combline resonators. It has low loss, high Q quality factor and wide stopband. The feasibility of this method is analyzed theoretically. The characteristics of the structure are studied by simulations. The size of the fabricated filter is almost 50% of the size of the conventional cavity combline filter. The measured S parameters of the two filters are given. At 1575 MHz, which is the operating frequency of the global positioning system receiver antijamming antenna array system, the inserted loss of the improved filter is 0.702 dB. To minimize the interference from the Bei‐Dou double star positioning system, at 1615 MHz, which is the operating frequency of this system, the out‐of‐band rejection of the improved filter at this frequency is 27.010 dB. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 910–913, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24191
Generalized fast, slow, stop, and store light optically within a nanoring resonator
Authors: Pornsuwancharoen N. , Yupapin P. P.
Published: February 2009

We propose a remarkably simple system of an all optical system that can be used to fast, slow, stop, and store light coherently. The proposed system consist two micro and a nanoring resonators that can be integrated into a single system, which can be used to overcome the problem of bandwidth delay constraints with small group velocities. The large bandwidth is generated by a soliton pulse within a Kerr type nonlinear medium where an all optical adiabatic and reversible pulse bandwidth compression can be performed. The balance between dispersion and nonlinear lengths of the soliton pulse exhibits the soliton behavior known as self‐phase modulation, which introduces the optical output (i.e., gain) constant, which means that light pulse can be trapped, that is, stopped coherently within the nanowaveguide. The time independent optical gain is stored within the nanoring device, which is available for read only memory use. The memory time of 1 ps is achieved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 899–902, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24194
Metamaterial slabs and realization of all‐type filter characteristics: Numerical and analytical investigations
Authors: Çimen Sibel , Çakir Gonca , Sevgi Levent
Published: February 2009

Studies towards understanding and the use of metamaterials (MTM) have risen in electromagnetic engineering. This article presents analytical and numerical investigations of filter characteristics of MTMs in two‐dimension (2D). Numerical investigations are based on finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, analytical formulations belong to a plane wave excitation of multi‐slab structures. It is shown that a three layer structure with different combinations of MTMs and non‐MTMs may be used to realize all four types of filter characteristics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 894–899, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24196
Dual‐band feedforward linear power amplifier for digital cellular and IMT‐2000 base‐station
Authors: Choi Heungjae , Jeong Yongchae , Kenney J. S. , Kim Chul Dong
Published: February 2009

This article presents the design of a novel dual‐band signal cancellation circuit and its application to feedforward linear power amplifier. Intermodulation distortion cancellation loop shows 20.45 dB and 25.04 dB suppression for digital cellular band and IMT‐2000 band, respectively, over a correction bandwidth of 100 MHz. From the adjacent channel leakage ratio measurement, 16.5 dB and 18.6 dB improvements are achieved for each band under simultaneous operation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 922–926, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24198
A 60‐GHz low‐noise amplifier for 60‐GHz dual‐conversion receiver
Authors: Lin Yo‐Sheng , Wong Simon S.
Published: February 2009

A 60‐GHz‐band low‐noise amplifier (LNA) using bulk 65‐nm CMOS technology is reported. To achieve sufficient gain, this LNA is composed of three cascade common‐source stages followed by a cascode output stage. Current‐sharing technique is adopted in the second and third stage to reduce power dissipation. The output of each stage is loaded with an LC parallel resonance circuit to maximize the gain over the 57–64‐GHz‐band of interest. This LNA achieved input return loss (S11) of −10.6 to −37.4 dB, voltage gain (AV) of 10.7–18.8 dB, reverse isolation (S12) of −43.5 to −48.1 dB, input referred 1‐dB compression point (P1dB‐in) of −16.2 to −20.8 dBm, and input third‐order intermodulation point (IIP3) of −4 to −7.5 dBm over the 57–64‐GHz‐band of interest. It consumed only a small DC power of 21.4 mW. In addition, the chip area was only 0.849 × 0.56 mm2, including all the test pads and bypass capacitors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 885–891, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24200
Mobile radio propagation along mixed paths in forest environment using parabolic equation
Authors: de Souza João F. , Magno Fátima N. B. , Valente Zínia A. , Costa Jessé C. , Cavalcante Gervásio P. S.
Published: February 2009

The propagation loss in mixed‐path mobile communication was calculated using parabolic equation (PE) method. The implicit finite differences scheme of the Crank–Nicolson method was applied to solve the PE. The results were compared with obtained measurements campaigns carried out in typical Amazonian cities and then compared with methods found in literature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1133–1136, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24212
Novel factor of merit for center‐frequency tunable bandpass filters comparison
Authors: Pistono Emmanuel , Kaddour Darine , Duvillaret Lionel , Duchamp Jean‐Marc , Vilcot Anne , Ferrari Philippe
Published: February 2009

This article presents an improved factor of merit for the comparison of center‐frequency tunable bandpass filters. This study draws up a comparison between existing tunable filters for which different commonly used parameters demonstrating their performance are given. A first factor of merit that takes all the major characteristics of such tunable filters into account is introduced. A second factor of merit is proposed to evaluate the filter compactness. These new factors of merit are applied for the comparison of more than 30 recently published papers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 985–988, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24220
Compact microstrip harmonic‐suppressed quadrature hybrids
Authors: Wang Li‐Yen , Hsu Kewen , Tu Wen‐Hua
Published: February 2009

In this article, compact 3‐dB branch‐line hybrids with harmonic suppression are presented. In comparison to the conventional hybrids, the proposed ones achieve two features: compactness and harmonic suppression. Two hybrids, one with third harmonic suppression and the other with third and fifth harmonics suppression, are designed, fabricated, and measured. T‐shaped or cross‐shaped equivalent lines are used to replace the quarter‐wavelength microstrip lines of the conventional hybrids. The equivalent lines achieve the same fundamental characteristic and act like bandstop filters at the particular harmonics to improve suppression. Moreover, the proposed hybrid with third harmonic suppression achieves 29.5% size reduction as compared to the conventional one. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 981–985, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24221