bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hearing From Both Sides: Differences Between Liberal and Conservative Attitudes Toward Scientific and Experiential Evidence
Authors: Stein Randy , Swan Alexander B. , Sarraf Michelle
Published: October 2020

Two studies examined how political ideology relates to attitudes towards opposing scientific and nonscientific perspectives on apolitical topics. Participants read an article excerpt containing quotes from a researcher debunking a common misconception, such as the existence of lucky streaks in games of chance. They also read the perspective of someone who rejected the researcher in favor of personal experience, either in the form of a quote in the article from a relevant professional (e.g., a casino manager, Study 1) or a comment from a purported previous respondent with no clear expertise (Study 2). In both studies, conservatives, compared to liberals, evaluated the views of the scientist and the person rejecting the science as closer in legitimacy. Differences in evaluation of the science rejecter were mediated by conservatives' heightened intuitive thinking. By spotlighting how partisans evaluate nonscientific perspectives alongside science and by focusing on apolitical topics, these results bring new clarity to the debate on whether conservatives are more biased than liberals in attitudes towards science.
Is satisficing really satisfying? Satisficers exhibit greater threat than maximizers during choice overload
Authors: Saltsman Thomas L. , Seery Mark D. , Ward Deborah E. , Lamarche Veronica M. , Kondrak Cheryl L.
Published: October 2020

When selecting from too many options (i.e., choice overload), maximizers (people who search exhaustively to make decisions that are optimal) report more negative post‐decisional evaluations of their choices than do satisficers (people who search minimally to make decisions that are sufficient). Although ample evidence exists for differences in responses after‐the‐fact, little is known about possible divergences in maximizers’ and satisficers’ experiences during choice overload. Thus, using the biopsychosocial model of challenge/threat, we examined 128 participants’ cardiovascular responses as they actively made a selection from many options. Specifically, we focused on cardiovascular responses assessing the degree to which individuals (a) viewed their decisions as valuable/important and (b) viewed themselves as capable (vs. incapable) of making a good choice. Although we found no differences in terms of the value individuals placed on their decisions (i.e., cardiovascular responses of task engagement), satisficers—compared to maximizers—exhibited cardiovascular responses consistent with feeling less capable of making their choice (i.e., greater relative threat). The current work provides a novel investigation of the nature of differences in maximizers’/satisficers’ momentary choice overload experiences, suggesting insight into why they engage in such distinct search behaviors.
Microbiome diversity and dysbiosis in aquaculture
Authors: Infante‐Villamil Sandra , Huerlimann Roger , Jerry Dean R.
Published: October 2020

With the continuous growth of the human population and associated need for high‐quality protein, the aquaculture sector will be required to increase significantly in productivity. This growth in productivity will be achieved through more efficient use of resources like feeds, genetic improvement and limiting the impacts of disease. One of the key links between animal productivity and disease is that of microbial diversity, with high‐throughput sequencing technologies increasing our understanding of the role microorganisms play in health, development and physiology of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts alike. Increasing our understanding of microbial–host interactions will help avoid or manage dysbiosis in aquaculture systems with the final aim of improving productivity. We review the current literature, which indicates that there is an association between productivity and microbial diversity in aquaculture systems, as changes in bacterial microbiomes are implicated in animal performance, in disease development associated with both bacterial and viral origin, and in dysbiosis triggered by environmental stressors or diet choice. Dysbiosis, whether in the form of the loss of beneficial bacteria, or the expansion of pathogens or potentially harmful microorganisms, can be used as an indicator tool for productivity monitoring purposes. Development of management strategies towards preserving the microbial balance, including maintaining or increasing diversity in the host, is critical for the health of cultured aquatic animals and will likely be critical for the expansion of aquaculture.
The idea and study of sacrifice in ancient Israel
Authors: Feldman Liane M.
Published: October 2020

This article offers an introduction to the idea of sacrifice in Israel across the first millenniumbce, and presents data from both the first and second temple periods. In the first part of the article, I discuss three different types of evidence available for the study of sacrifice—archeological, comparative, and literary—the strengths and limitations of each form of evidence, and highlight recent trends in this area of study. In the second part of the article, I turn to a more direct discussion of the what, where, who, why, and how of sacrifice in ancient Israel.
Caregiving adult children’s perceptions of challenges relating to the end of life of their centenarian parents
Authors: Eggert Simon , Wenzel Arlett , Suhr Ralf , Gellert Paul , Dräger Dagmar
Published: October 2020

Background

The number of centenarians in Europe is increasing; many face health impairments. Adult children often play a key role in their care, but there is a lack of research into what it means for these caregiving relatives to be confronted for many years with their parents’ end of life (EOL), dying and death as well as their own advancing age.

Aim

This study aims to analyse the challenges of caregiving adult children regarding their parents’ end of life and the related burdens and barriers they report.

Material and Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 caregivers following a theory‐based and tested guideline. The computer‐aided coding and evaluation followed the structured content analysis approach.

Results

The analysis showed three main themes: 'Confronting EOL', 'Communicating about death and dying' and 'Assisting in the terminal phase'. The respondents commented on burdensome demands and concerns about the future. Further, a strong underlying presence of intra‐ and interpersonal conflicts relating to EOL became apparent.

Discussion

The results indicate several potential burdens for centenarians’ caregiving offspring. They are confronted with a double challenge resulting from the combination of their own advanced age and experiencing the burdens of their parents’ very old age. Further, some participants struggled with their own unclear perspective on the future because of the relative but unclear proximity of the parent’s death. Multiple conflicts and overlapping conflict dimensions emphasise the potential of the EOL topic to influence the well‐being of family caregivers and care recipients.

Limitations

The convenience sample used for the study may cause limitations, for example, the fact that persons with a formally lower educational status are not represented.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that interventions designed for family‐related care situations should include topics like 'Finiteness and grief', 'Communicating about dying and death' and 'Decisions and dispositions at EOL'.
Learning to Play Through Pain and Injury: An Examination of Social Learning Theory Among Iranian Athletes
Authors: Kabiri Saeed , Choi Jaeyong , Shadmanfaat Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) , Ponnet Koen , Lee Julak , Lee Sanghun , Donner Christopher M.
Published: October 2020

Objective

This study investigates the social factors affecting playing through pain and injury of professional athletes, using Akers’s social learning theory (SLT).

Methods

Propositions of SLT were examined using a sample of 784 athletes from Rasht and Bandar Anzali in Iran.

Results

Findings from structural equation modeling indicated that the social learning components (i.e., differential association, differential reinforcement, imitations, and definitions) predicted 33 percent of the variance in athletes’ playing through pain and injury.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that athletes’ playing through pain and injury is determined by the social setting in which the athlete plays, through his or her interactions with other sports culture members, the internalization of desirable definitions, imitation of others, and the assessment of personal and social benefits.
Homological relations: A methodology for the certification of irregular tessellations
Authors: Clementini Eliseo , Lejdel Brahim , Mazzagufo Sabrina , Laurini Robert
Published: October 2020

In GIS, spatial analysis is based on the use of spatial operations such as testing the spatial relations between features. Often, such tests are invalidated by errors in datasets. It is a very common experience that two bordering regions which should obey the topological relation “meet” fall instead in the “overlap” category. The situation is exacerbated when applying topological operators to regions that come from different datasets, where resolution and error sources are different. Despite the problem being quite common, up to now no standard approach has been defined to deal with spatial relations affected by errors of various origins. Referring to topological relations, we define a model to extend the eight Egenhofer relations between two simple regions: we call them homological relations (H‐relations). We discuss how exact topological relations can be extracted from observed relations and discuss the case of irregular tessellations, where errors have the most impact on vector data. In the proposed case study within the domain of geographic crowdsourced data, we propose algorithms for identifying homological regions and obtaining a corrected tessellation. This methodology can be considered as a step for quality control and the certification of irregular tessellations.
Deliberative Agency, Self‐Control, and the Divided Mind
Authors: Altehenger Hannah
Published: October 2020

According to a widely endorsed claim, intentional action is brought about by an agent's desires in accordance with these desires' respective motivational strength. As Jay Wallace has argued, though, this “hydraulic model” of the aetiology of intentional action has a serious flaw: it fails to leave room for genuine deliberative agency. Drawing on recent developments in the debate on self‐control, the article argues that Wallace's criticism can be addressed once we combine the hydraulic model with a so‐called “divided mind” account of self‐control.
The influence of feeding and gastroprotectant medications on the Factor Xa inhibitory activity of orally administered rivaroxaban in normal dogs
Authors: Lynch Alex M. , Ruterbories Laura K. , Griffith Emily , Hanel Rita M. , Stablein Alyssa P. , Brooks Marjory B.
Published: October 2020

Objective

Rivaroxaban is a new anticoagulant option for dogs, yet its reported oral bioavailability is as low as 60%. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of feeding and gastroprotectant medications on the bioactivity (anti‐Xa activity) of rivaroxaban in healthy dogs.

Design

Prospective experimental study.

Setting

University research laboratory.

Animals

Five healthy neutered male purpose‐bred Beagles.

Interventions

Dogs were administered a median dose of 1.8 mg/kg rivaroxaban (range, 1.6‐1.8 mg/kg) orally once daily for 2 consecutive days with either (1) no food, (2) food, (3) sucralfate 30 minutes before rivaroxaban, or (4) omeprazole at the same time as rivaroxaban. Blood was collected from preplaced jugular catheters immediately before and at 6 time points after rivaroxaban administration (2, 4, 8, 24, 36, and 48 hours). A rivaroxaban calibrated anti‐Xa activity assay (RIVA) was used to monitor anticoagulant effect.

Measurements and Main Results

Rivaroxaban administration resulted in significant increases in RIVA (P = 0.02), with peak activities occurring 2 to 4 hours after dosingduring each study arm. No feeding was associated with significantly higher RIVA at the 36‐hour time point compared to all other treatment arms (P < 0.0001), and feeding resulted in high RIVA at the 48‐hour time point compared with sucralfate administration (P = 0.003). No significant changes in RIVA were otherwise identified with respect to feeding or gastroprotectant administration (P = 0.2).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Although administration without food demonstrated an apparent increase in RIVA 36 hours after drug administration, clinically relevant differences among treatment groups were not identified in combined analyses of time points. Based on these results, dogs treated with rivaroxaban do not require special modification of feeding practices or gastroprotectant drug administration.
Endoscopies, blood‐borne viruses and blood donors: time to move on from precaution
Authors: Hoad Veronica C. , Serhan George , Seed Clive R. , Kiely Philip , Gosbell Iain B.
Published: October 2020

Background and objectives

Based on the Council of Europe directive which dictates regulatory requirements in Australia, blood donors are currently deferred from donating for 4 months after an endoscopic procedure if either polyps were removed or a biopsy sample was taken. We aimed to assess the incidence of blood‐borne viruses (BBVs) (HIV, hepatitis B and C) in blood donors who donated after an endoscopic procedure and evaluate the risk to blood safety through risk modelling.

Materials and methods

Donors from 1/1/2013 to 31/12/2017 with an endoscopy deferral on their blood donor file with pre‐ and post‐BBV testing were analysed to determine an incidence of BBVs using standard methods. The standard blood donor cohort was used as a comparator group. Using the incidence of endoscopies and BBV risk, the total residual risk estimate of allowing donors to return postendoscopy without restriction was calculated.

Results

The incidence of a BBV postendoscopy in this large cohort of 16,283 where testing has been confirmed postendoscopy was zero (95% CI 0–0·000105). The upper confidence interval of the zero events is 10·5 per 100 000 donations. Total positive donations from 2017 repeat donors were 1·87 per 100 000 (95% CI 0·0000117–0·0000277). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the residual risk remained negligible under realistic worst‐case scenarios.

Conclusion

A BBV endoscopy deferral is not required for blood safety in Australia. The presented data has enabled us to submit a request for an exemption to our regulator, which has been approved and the policy change subsequently implemented by Lifeblood on 4/4/2020.
Ovine red cell concentrates for transfusion research – is the storage lesion comparable to human red cell concentrates?
Authors: Simonova Gabriela , Wellburn Rebecca , Fung Yoke Lin , Fraser John F. , Tung John‐Paul
Published: October 2020

Background and objectives

Sheep are increasingly being used as a large in vivo animal model of blood transfusion because they provide several advantages over small animals. Understanding the effects of storage duration on ovine (ov) red cell concentrates (RCCs) and how these changes compare with stored human (hu) RCCs is necessary to facilitate clinical translation of research findings.

Materials and methods

OvRCCs (n = 5) collected and processed in standard human blood collection packs, and equivalent huRCCs provided by Australian Red Cross Lifeblood (n = 5), were stored at 2–6°C for 42 days, with samples collected weekly. Haemolysis index was determined by measuring supernatant haemoglobin concentration. Biochemical parameters were evaluated using a blood gas analyser. Energy metabolites and biologically active lipids were measured using commercial assays. Osmotic fragility was determined by lysis in various saline concentrations. Extracellular vesicles were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis.

Results

Ovine red blood cells (RBCs) are double in number, smaller in size and more fragile than human RBCs. Haematological values were unchanged throughout storage. In contrast, biochemical and metabolic values, and haemolysis index in three of the five ovRCCs exceeded huRCCs licensing criteria by day 42. Accumulation of extracellular vesicles and biologically active lipids was comparable between huRCCs and ovRCCs.

Conclusion

This study documents similarities and differences in the storage lesion of ovRCCs and huRCCs. This new information will guide the design of ovine transfusion models to enhance translation of findings to human transfusion settings.
SEMBLANCE RESIDUAL MOVEOUT ANALYSIS TO FIND ERORRS AND UPDATING THE INTERVAL VELOCITY MODEL MODE IN THE HORIZON BASED TOMOGRAPHY METHOD
Authors: Irawan Sudra , Chayati Siti Noor , Sismanto Sismanto
Published: October 2020

The tomography method requires an excellent initial velocity model. On the horizon based tomography, it will correct the travel time error of seismic waves along the horizon which is analysed using input results from the analysis of residual depth moveout. In this study, a semblance residual moveout analysis will be conducted after the interval velocity model has applied to the SBI field seismic data (CDP Gathers and RMS velocity). Based on the imaging results generated by the PSDM running process, an aperture value of 550 for inline and 800 for crossline is selected. PSDM generated from the initial interval velocity model has an acoustic impedance value between 1000 kg/m2s to 14339.2 kg/m2s. The PSDM process, residual moveout analysis, and horizon-based tomography are carried out iteratively until the error in the interval velocity model approaches zero. In this study, five iterations were performed. The resulting residual moveout is increasingly oscillating around zero after the 5th iteration, which indicates that the error in the interval velocity model is getting smaller. There are two types of residual moveout, namely residuals moveout positively and residuals moveout negatively. Residual moveout positive indicates that the velocity used is too high, while the residual moveout negative indicates that the velocity used is too low. The identification of interval velocity model errors with analysis of residual moveout semblance is calculated from depth gathers. The semblance residual moveout analysis is used for the Pre Stack Depth Migration (PSDM) depth image analysis stage along with the marker (well data). .
OPTIMIZATION OF DUAL-TREE COMPLEX WAVELET PACKET BASED ENTROPY FEATURES FOR VOICE PATHOLOGIES DETECTION
Authors: Che Kassim Farah Nazlia , Vijean Vikneswaran , Abdullah Zulkapli , Muthusamy Hariharan , Abdullah Rokiah
Published: October 2020

The Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Packet Transform (DT-CWPT) has been successfully implemented in numerous field because it introduces limited redundancy, provides approximately shift-invariance and geometrically oriented signal in multiple dimensions where these properties are lacking in traditional wavelet transform. This paper investigates the performance of features extracted using DT-CWPT algorithms which are quantified using k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers for detecting voice pathologies. Decomposition is done on the voice signals using Shannon and Approximate entropy (ApEn) to signify the complexity of voice signals in time and frequency domain. Feature selection methods using the ReliefF algorithm and Genetic algorithm (GA) are applied to obtain the optimum features for multiclass classification. It is observed that the best accuracies obtained using DT-CWPT with ApEn entropy are 91.15 % for k-NN and 93.90 % for SVM classifiers. The proposed work provides a promising detection rate for multiple voice disorders and is useful for the development of computer-based diagnostic tools for voice pathology screening in health care facilities.
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, COMPOSITION OF FATTY ACID, CAROTENOIDS AND TOCOPHEROLS OF DEGUMMED AND NEUTRALIZED RED FRUIT (Pandanus conoideus) OIL
Authors: Sarungallo Zita Letviany , Santoso Budi , Situngkir Risma Uli , Roreng Mathelda Kurniaty , Lisangan Meike Meilan
Published: October 2020

Refining of crude red fruit oil (CRFO) through the degumming and neutralization steps intended to produce oil free of impurities (non triglycerides) such as phospholipids, proteins, residues and carbohydrates, and also reducing the amount of free fatty acids (FFA). This study aims to determine the effect of red fruit oil purification through degumming and neutralization stages on chemical properties, fatty acid composition, carotenoid content and tocopherol of red fruit oil (RFO). The results showed that degumming of CRFO did not affect the decrease in water content, FFA levels, peroxide numbers, iodine values, carotenoids and tocopherols content; but decrease in levels of phosphorus, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. Neutralization of degummed-RFO (DRFO) did not affect the decrease in water content, iodine value, carotenoid, tocopherol and α-tocopherol; but the FFA levels, peroxide number, phosphorus and β-carotene levels decreased significantly. The fatty acid composition of RFO was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (± 75%), which increases through degumming and neutralization stages. β-carotene is more sensitive than α-tocopherol during refining process of crude oil, but in general, this process can improve the RFO quality.
MORPHOLOGY AND COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF ENAMEL SURFACE WITH DENTAL ADHESIVE FOLLOWING THE APPLICATION OF ND:YAG ABLATION
Authors: Mohamad Suhaimi Fatanah , A. Razak Nurul Atiqah , Azizan Nur Syazana , Abu Bakar Mohd Aizat , Abdul Razab Mohammad Khairul Azhar , Mokhtar Norehan , Azman Nizuwan
Published: October 2020

Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm has been used for various applications in dentistry, including for soft tissue and hard tissue applications. This study aimed to investigate the changes in morphological structures and elemental composition of enamel surface after composite removal using energy variations of Nd:YAG laser. 12 healthy human premolar teeth were cut into half, and Blūgloo adhesives were applied to the tooth surface. The samples were subjected to Nd:YAG laser irradiations with three different energy parameters, 510 mJ, 540 mJ, and 580 mJ. The changes in enamel surface morphology and composition of elements were analyzed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). Surface morphology indicates that 540 mJ can potentially be used for composite adhesives removal. For the elemental composition, carbon, phosphorus, and calcium were statistically significant between samples without composite, after bracket debonding, and after laser irradiation. Several morphological changes may occur on the enamel surface after samples were irradiated with a laser. Energy parameter of the laser plays a vital role towards the desired surface. In this study, 540 mJ is seen to be potential for material removal process on the enamel surface.
Prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain among active and retired military personnel: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Reyes Julian , Shaw Lynn E. , Lund Heidi , Heber Alexandra , VanTil Linda
Published: October 2020

Objective:

The objective of this review is to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal chronic pain among active and retired members of military forces and to characterize potential factors that could influence the frequency of musculoskeletal chronic pain.

Introduction:

Inherent to military occupations is a diverse source of occupational hazards that affect the well-being of individuals at any stage of their military career (active and retired). Chronic pain may result from the continuous exposure to physically demanding tasks and other risks. Moreover, chronic pain has been associated with other comorbidities, including mental health conditions.

Inclusion criteria:

Scientific papers in French or English reporting on chronic pain derived from a musculoskeletal cause in active and retired military personnel will be considered. There will be no restriction on participants’ country, age, or length of service.

Methods:

The published literature will be identified by exploring biomedical, pharmacological, and physiology bibliographic databases. The unpublished literature will be located through the search of thesis and gray literature repositories. This review will follow the condition-context-population approach and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The extracted data will include any detail about the anatomic location, diagnosis, types of studies, and risk factors. The review will follow JBI methods of critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis for reviews containing prevalence data. If enough evidence is found, meta-regression analysis will performed, otherwise a narrative review will be completed.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42020153704
Effects of Dynamic Operational Conditions on Thermal Infrared Imaging of Monocrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Vumbugwa M. , Crozier McCleland J. L. , van Dyk E. E. , Vorster F. J.
Published: October 2020

Photovoltaic (PV) modules installed in the field generate electrical power under different meteorological and operational conditions; therefore, maintenance of the modules is crucial for the longevity of the PV modules. Thermal infrared (TIR) imaging is a widely used monitoring technique for quality checks of PV modules in plants. It is ideally conducted on operational PV modules under steady ambient conditions; however, PV modules operate under dynamic climatic conditions which influence the overall operation of all solar cells and modules. The dynamic nature of thermal signatures was observed on TIR images when monocrystalline PV modules operated under varying electrical loads and irradiance. A change in operating conditions affected the level of current mismatch between cells since at high irradiance of about 1000 watts per square meter (W m−2) and while operating close to short circuit current at reduced load, the PV cells generated a higher current which led to significant current mismatch. This resulted in several abnormally hot cells being identified on TIR images. Under lower irradiance and larger electrical loads, fewer hot cells were observed and cracked cells (identified through Electroluminescence (EL)) appeared as good cells due to minimal current mismatch. The effectiveness of TIR imaging to reveal underperforming defective cells as hot cells depends on the operating conditions and can mislead decision-making when PV module maintenance is carried out. This work gives valuable information which can be of importance in improving the maintenance systems of PV modules when TIR imaging is conducted.
Signal Processing Techniques to Detect Centrifugal Compressors Instabilities in Large Volume Power Plants
Authors: Niccolini Marmont Du Haut Champ Carlo Alberto , Silvestri Paolo , Ferrari Mario Luigi , Massardo Aristide Fausto
Published: October 2020

This paper shows signal processing techniques applied to experimental data obtained from a T100 microturbine connected with different volume sizes. This experimental activity was conducted by means of the test rig developed at the University of Genoa for hybrid systems emulation. However, these results can be extended to all advanced cycles in which a microturbine is connected with additional external components which lead to an increase of the plant volume size. Since in this case a 100 kW microturbine was used, the volume was located between the heat recovery unit outlet and the combustor inlet like in the typical cases related to small size plants. A modular vessel was used to perform and to compare the tests with different volume sizes. The main results reported in this paper are related to rotating stall and surge operations. This analysis was carried out to extend the knowledge about these risk conditions: the systems equipped with large volume size connected to the machine present critical issues related to surge and stall prevention, especially during transient operations toward low mass flowrate working conditions. Investigations conducted on acoustic and vibrational measurements can provide interesting diagnostic and predictive solutions by means of suitable instability quantifiers which are extracted from microphone and accelerometer data signals. Hence, different possible tools for rotating stall and incipient surge identification were developed through the use of different signal processing techniques, such as wavelet analysis and higher order statistics analysis (HOSA) methods. Indeed, these advanced techniques are necessary to maximize all the information conveyed by acquired signals, particularly in those environments in which measured physical quantities are hidden by strong noise, including both broadband background one (i.e., typical random noise) but also uninteresting components associated with the signal of interest. For instance, in complex coupled physical systems like the one it is meant to be studied, which do not satisfy the hypothesis of linear and Gaussian processes inside them, it is reasonable to exploit these kinds of tools, instead of the classical fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique by itself, which is mainly adapt for linear systems periodic analysis. The proposed techniques led to the definition of a quantitative indicator, the sum of all autobispectrum components modulus in the subsynchronous range, which was proven to be reliable in predicting unstable operation. This can be used as an input for diagnostic systems for early surge detection. Furthermore, the presented methods will allow the definition of some new features complementary with the ones obtainable from conventional techniques, in order to improve control systems reliability and to avoid false positives.
Two-Phase Heat Transfer and Flow Regimes in Pin Fin-Enhanced Microgaps—Effect of Pin Spacing
Authors: Asrar Pouya , Ghiaasiaan S. Mostafa , Joshi Yogendra K.
Published: October 2020

An experimental investigation of the flow boiling of dielectric refrigerant R245fa is conducted in microgaps with enhancement features. A silicon microgap of height 200 μm populated with pin fin arrays of diameter 150 μm with spacing 200 μm in both horizontal and vertical directions is examined. For five different test conditions and in a wide range of mass flux from 781 to 5210 kg/m2s, and inlet temperatures in the range of 13–18 °C, average single-phase and two-phase heat transfer coefficients, pressure drop, and exit vapor quality are reported. Three major flow patterns are observed in the pin finned area using high-speed flow visualization at frame rate of 2229 fps: foggy, bubbly, and slug flow. Based on the experimental data, a flow regime map is constructed.
Assessing Student Perceptions to Enhance Undergraduate Research in Kinesiology
Authors: Valdez Isabel , Liu Ting
Published: October 2020

The benefits, barriers, and methodologies of the enhancement of undergraduate research have been widely studied in higher education. However, there are limited studies on undergraduate research in the field of kinesiology. The previous studies centered around student or faculty evaluation of existing curricular or extracurricular undergraduate research programs. The extent to which these studies may inform a kinesiology department that does not have an established undergraduate research curriculum or program is questionable. This article provides a general overview of existing undergraduate research enhancement programs in other universities, presents a recent research study on perceptions of undergraduate research in exercise and sports science students at Texas State University, and offers future recommendations on enhancing undergraduate research in kinesiology.
Acetylation of Isoniazid Is a Novel Mechanism of Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Arun K. B. , Madhavan Aravind , Abraham Billu , Balaji M. , Sivakumar K. C. , Nisha P. , Kumar R. Ajay
Published: October 2020

Isoniazid (INH), one of the first-line drugs used for the treatment of tuberculosis, is a prodrug which is activated by the intracellular KatG enzyme of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. The activated drug hinders cell wall biosynthesis by inhibiting the InhA protein. INH-resistant strains of
M. tuberculosis
usually have mutations in
katG
,
inhA
,
ahpC
,
kasA
, and
ndh
genes. However, INH-resistant strains which do not have mutations in any of these genes are reported, suggesting that these strains may adopt some other mechanism to become resistant to INH.
Progress and Challenges in the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Transplantation
Authors: Limaye Ajit P. , Babu Tara M. , Boeckh Michael
Published: October 2020

Hosts with compromised or naive immune systems, such as individuals living with HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients, and fetuses, are at the highest risk for complications from cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Despite substantial progress in prevention, diagnostics, and treatment, CMV continues to negatively impact both solid-organ transplant (SOT) and hematologic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. In this article, we summarize important developments in the field over the past 10 years and highlight new approaches and remaining challenges to the optimal control of CMV infection and disease in transplant settings.
State of the Art in the Culture of the Human Microbiota: New Interests and Strategies
Authors: Tidjani Alou Maryam , Naud Sabrina , Khelaifia Saber , Bonnet Marion , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Raoult Didier
Published: October 2020

The last 5 years have seen a turning point in the study of the gut microbiota with a rebirth of culture-dependent approaches to study the gut microbiota. High-throughput methods have been developed to study bacterial diversity with culture conditions aimed at mimicking the gut environment by using rich media such as YCFA (yeast extract, casein hydrolysate, fatty acids) and Gifu anaerobic medium in an anaerobic workstation, as well as media enriched with rumen and blood and coculture, to mimic the symbiosis of the gut microbiota.
Competing Substrates for the Bifunctional Diaminopimelic Acid Epimerase/Glutamate Racemase Modulate Peptidoglycan Synthesis in Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Singh Raghuveer , Slade Jessica A. , Brockett Mary , Mendez Daniel , Liechti George W. , Maurelli Anthony T.
Published: October 2020

The
Chlamydia trachomatis
genome encodes multiple bifunctional enzymes, such as DapF, which is capable of both diaminopimelic acid (DAP) epimerase and glutamate racemase activity. Our previous work demonstrated the bifunctional activity of chlamydial DapF
in vitro
and in a heterologous system (
Escherichia coli
). In the present study, we employed a substrate competition strategy to demonstrate DapF

Ct

function
in vivo
in
C. trachomatis
.
The Inorganic Nutrient Regime and the
mre
Genes Regulate Cell and Filament Size and Morphology in the Phototrophic Multicellular Bacterium
Anabaena
Authors: Velázquez-Suárez Cristina , Luque Ignacio , Herrero Antonia
Published: October 2020

Most studies on the determination of bacterial cell morphology have been conducted in heterotrophic organisms. Here, we present a study of how the availability of inorganic nitrogen and carbon sources influence cell size and morphology in the context of a phototrophic metabolism, as found in the multicellular cyanobacterium
Anabaena
. In
Anabaena
, the expression of the MreB, MreC, and MreD proteins, which influence cell size and length, are regulated by NtcA, a transcription factor that globally coordinates cellular responses to the C-to-N balance of the cells. Moreover, MreB, MreC, and MreD also influence septal peptidoglycan construction, thus affecting filament length and, possibly, intercellular molecular exchange that is required for diazotrophic growth. Thus, here we identified new roles for Mre proteins in relation to the phototrophic and multicellular character of a cyanobacterium,
Anabaena
.
Supplemental Material: Geochronology of volcanically associated hydrocarbon charge in the pre-salt carbonates of the Namibe Basin, Angola
Authors: Rochelle-Bates Nathan , al. et
Published: October 2020

Locality information, petrography, analytical procedures, and data tables.
Supplemental Material: Early formation and taphonomic significance of kaolinite associated with Burgess Shale fossils
Authors: Anderson Ross , al. et
Published: October 2020

Supplemental methodological details, antibacterial properties of clays, other minerals with distinct fossil/matrix distributions, summaries of mineralogy by taxon, data tables, statistical summaries, and light/scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy images of fossil specimens showing X-ray diffraction selected areas.
Incidence of paediatric 10-fold medication errors in Wales
Authors: Tse Yincent , Tuthill David
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To estimate the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of 10-fold or greater or a tenth or less medication errors in children aged <16 years in Wales.

Design

Population-based surveillance study July 2017 to June 2019. Cases were identified by paediatricians and hospital pharmacists using monthly electronic Welsh Paediatric Surveillance Unit (WPSU) reporting system.

Patients

‘Definite’ incident occurred when children received all or any of the incorrect dose of medication. ‘Near miss’ was where the prescribed, prepared or dispensed medication was not administered to the child.

Main outcome measures

Incidence, patient characteristics, setting, drug characteristics, outcome, harm and enabling or preventive factors.

Results

In total, 50 10-fold errors were reported; 20 definite and 30 near miss cases. This yields a minimum annual incidence of 1 per 3797 admissions, or 4.6/100 000 children. Of these, 43 were overdoses and 7 underdoses. 33 incidents occurred in children <5 years of age. Overall, 37 different medications were involved with the majority, 31 cases, being administered enterally. Of these 31 enteral medication errors, all definite cases (10) had received liquid preparations. Temporary harm occurred in 5/20 (25%) definite cases with one requiring intensive care; all fully recovered.

Conclusions

In this first ever population surveillance study in a high-resource healthcare system, 10-fold errors in children were rare, sometimes prevented and uncommonly caused harm. We recommend country-wide improvements be made to reduce iatrogenic harm. Understanding the enabling and preventive factors may help national improvement strategies to reduce these errors.
Opportunistic influenza vaccination in the home: broadening access in isolated times
Authors: Nisbet Lauren Claire , Cobbledick Annie M , Smith Tessa E , Bryant Penelope A , Lawrence Joanna
Published: October 2020

Background

Influenza is a vaccine-preventable infection that causes serious illness. The mandate to prevent an influenza epidemic has increased with the COVID-19 pandemic. However, isolation restrictions have reduced interactions with healthcare professionals. We aimed to determine whether these barriers could be overcome by offering vaccination via an ambulatory setting for the first time.

Methods

During a 12-week period, patients receiving care through the Hospital-in-the-Home programme were offered immunisation during their home visit. Logistical cold chain barriers were addressed, and patient acceptance was measured.

Results

Cooler boxes with temperature loggers were designed to monitor the cold chain. 157 eligible patients were contacted, of whom 96 (61%) consented and received in-home injectable influenza vaccine, with no major adverse events. 52/96 (54%) were first-time influenza vaccine recipients. Most refusals (28/41, 68%) were for immunisation concerns, not home administration.

Conclusion

This pilot shows ambulatory influenza vaccination is feasible, safe and overcomes some barriers.
Radiological diagnostic dilemma in a child with small aggressive facial mass, time to increase the differentials: an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour
Authors: Fawzy Waleed Mohamed Samy , Khan Adeena , Shahid Habib Syed , Alessa Mohammed Abdulmuhsen
Published: October 2020

A 5-year-old girl with left facial swelling in the medial maxillary region close to the nasal ala was brought by her parents to our head and neck clinic. They have visited other doctors for similar presentation in the last 6 months, which started as redness and swelling, with occasional epiphora. The redness resolved after medical treatment, with slight regression of swelling, although it did not disappear. CT and MRI showed a locally aggressive, small enhancing soft tissue mass involving the left anteromedial maxillary wall, the nasal bone and the orbital floor. The mass involved the bony course of the nasolacrimal duct, which was the aetiology of the epiphora. The head and neck team performed an incisional biopsy through a sublabial approach. Concurrently, a nasolacrimal duct stent was inserted by an ophthalmologist. Histopathology was consistent with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour with positive stains for CD68, CD163 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1. The tumour was excised and presently the patient is on periodic follow-up with head and neck and ophthalmology clinics.
Child transport injuries and deaths in Lebanon: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Al-Hajj Samar , Arjinian Sebouh , Hamadeh Zahraa , Al-Zaghrini Elie , El Asmar Khalil
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Road traffic injury (RTI) constitutes the leading cause of deaths and disabilities for individuals aged 5–29 years globally. Lebanon suffers from a high toll of transport mortality and morbidity, though accurate and reliable RTI data are limited. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and the characteristics of child transport injuries and deaths in Lebanon and to determine their outcomes and associated risk factors.

Methods

We conducted a multicentre retrospective study to analyse data on transport injuries and deaths for children aged 0–17 years over a 3-year period (2015–2017). Data were captured from multiple sources, including police reports and the emergency departments of 30 hospitals across the country . We performed logistic regression models to examine the effects and test the association of multiple simultaneous factors on the child injury outcome and severity.

Results

A total of 3,033 cases of child transport injuries and 237 fatalities were collected. The majority of the cases were males (73%) (mean (SD) age=11 (±5) years). Transport victims were Lebanese (66.5%) and Syrian refugees (27.9%). The most commonly reported factor contributing to child’s RTI was a child riding in high-speed vehicles (25%) and the most affected body regions were upper and lower extremities (29.9%), followed by head injuries (26.1%). Pedestrians had higher odds of sustaining fatal injuries compared to four-wheel vehicle occupants (OR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.27). Older age groups of 6–14 years (OR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.69) and 15–17 years (OR=0.41; 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.61) had lower odds of dying from transport injuries compared to the younger age group of 0–5 years.

Conclusion

Child transport injury is a major public health problem in Lebanon. Findings from this study urge policy-makers and health professionals to implement evidence-based child transport safety policies and behaviour change programs to reduce child transport injuries and deaths.
Health and well-being issues of Nepalese migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries and Malaysia: a systematic review
Authors: Paudyal Priyamvada , Kulasabanathan Kavian , Cassell Jackie A , Memon Anjum , Simkhada Padam , Wasti Sharada Prasad
Published: October 2020

Objective

To summarise the evidence on health and well-being of Nepalese migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Malaysia.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus and Global Health databases.

Eligibility criteria

Studies were eligible if they: (1) included Nepalese migrant workers aged 18 or older working in the GCC countries or Malaysia or returnee migrant workers from these countries; (2) were primary studies that investigated health and well-being status/issues; and (3) were published in English language before 8 May 2020.

Study appraisal

All included studies were critically appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute study specific tools.

Results

A total of 33 studies were eligible for inclusion; 12 studies were conducted in Qatar, 8 in Malaysia, 9 in Nepal, 2 in Saudi Arabia and 1 each in UAE and Kuwait. In majority of the studies, there was a lack of disaggregated data on demographic characteristics of Nepalese migrant workers. Nearly half of the studies (n=16) scored as ‘high’ quality and the rest (n=17) as ‘moderate’ quality. Five key health and well-being related issues were identified in this population: (1) occupational hazards; (2) sexual health; (3) mental health; (4) healthcare access and (5) infectious diseases.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive review of the health and well-being of Nepalese migrant workers in the GCC countries and Malaysia. This review highlights an urgent need to identify and implement policies and practices across Nepal and destination countries to protect the health and well-being of migrant workers.
A protocol for the economic evaluation of the smoking Cessation in Pregnancy Incentives Trial III (CPIT III)
Authors: McMeekin Nicola , Sinclair Lesley , Bauld Linda , Tappin David Michael , Mitchell Alex , Boyd Kathleen Anne
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Smoking results in an average 10-year loss of life, but smokers who permanently quit before age 40 can expect a near normal lifespan. Pregnancy poses a good opportunity to help women to stop; around 80% of women in the UK have a baby, most of whom are less than 40 years of age. Smoking prevalence during pregnancy is high: 17%–23% in the UK. Smoking during pregnancy causes low birth weight and increases the risk of premature birth. After birth, passive smoking is linked to sudden infant death syndrome, respiratory diseases and increased likelihood of taking up smoking. These risks impact the long-term health of the child with associated increase in health costs. Emerging evidence suggests that offering financial incentives to pregnant women to quit is highly cost effective.

This protocol describes the economic evaluation of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial (Cessation in Pregnancy Incentives Trial III, CPIT III) designed to establish whether offering financial incentives, in addition to usual care, is effective and cost effective in helping pregnant women to quit.

Methods and analysis

The economic evaluation will identify, measure and value resource use and outcomes from CPIT III, comparing participants randomised to either usual care or usual care plus up to £400 financial incentives. Within-trial and long-term analyses will be conducted from a National Health Service and Personal Social Services perspective; the outcome for both analyses will be quality adjusted life-years measured using EQ-5D-5L. Patient level data collected during the trial will be used for the within-trial analysis, with an additional outcome of cotinine validated quit rates at 34–38 weeks gestation and 6 months postpartum. The long-term model will be informed by data from the trial and published literature.

Ethics and dissemination

Trial registration number

ISRCTN15236311; Pre-results(https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN15236311).