bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A theoretical study of the overall transmission error in planetary gear sets
Authors: Hu Y , Ryali L , Talbot D , Kahraman A
Published: February 2019

In this study, a theoretical investigation on the overall loaded motion transmission error of planetary gear sets is presented. Planetary gear set load distribution model is employed to predict the input-to-output transmission error of planetary gear sets having distinct planet phasing conditions, to establish nominal transmission error behavior. Impact of carrier manufacturing errors resulting in unequal planet-to-planet load sharing on the gear set transmission error is quantified. Gear manufacturing imperfections such as run-out errors at their relative angles are introduced to observe their signatures on the resultant transmission error. Simplified formulations are presented to combine individual gear mesh transmission error functions with required modifications in order to obtain the overall transmission error. The predicted transmission error time histories are examined in the frequency domain to explore their diagnostic value in determining what errors the gear set possesses.
Novel approach for planetary gear train dimensional synthesis through kinematic mapping
Authors: Sun Liang , Wang Zhenfei , Wu Chuanyu , Zhang Guofeng
Published: February 2019

The synthesis of a kinematic trajectory traversed by an output link (planet gear) and posture of a planetary gear train with noncircular gears can be divided into two phases: dimensional synthesis of the open-chain 2R mechanism (planetary carrier) and optimization of the transmission ratio of noncircular gear pairs. According to kinematic mapping theory, more than one closed coupler trajectory can be obtained by five preset poses. Simultaneous consideration of the trajectory shape, posture, and gear ratio is difficult during planetary gear train synthesis. This work therefore proposes a new method for the synthesis of planetary gear train in which different path segments in different trajectories are selected and a group of same-type 2R mechanisms is employed to pass through them in order to rebuild a new, closed trajectory. Subsequently, the transmission ratio of noncircular gear pairs can be determined using the relative angular displacement of the 2R mechanism. To improve the roundness of the pitch curves of noncircular gears, two optimization steps are implemented using a genetic algorithm without alternating the data points of the requisite open trajectories. For example, a mechanism for rice pot seedling transplanting is obtained by using the method.
Load spectrum for automotive wheels hub based on mixed probability distribution model
Authors: Geng Shuanglong , Liu Xintian , Yang Xiaobing , Meng Zhengyun , Wang Xiaolan , Wang Yansong
Published: February 2019

In actual engineering, the actual road test or indoor bench test is usually used to collect the data of the road load of the parts to acquire the fatigue life estimation of the auto parts. This paper proposes a method for load spectrum construction based on the mixed distribution probability model using the data of the road load spectrum collected in the test site. Pau Ta criteria outlier elimination and wavelet signal denoising are applied to analyze the original road load spectrum data. Then the maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate the generalized Pareto distribution parameters of all excesses. The Pareto distribution is also employed to extrapolate the load spectrum. Through the characteristic analysis of the load spectrum, the one-dimensional and two-dimensional program load spectrum of the hub is established based on the mixed probability distribution model, which provides a theoretical basis for the life prediction of the hub. In addition, the research results of this paper provide inspirations for the fatigue life prediction and fatigue durability bench test of automotive parts subjected to the complexity and variability of random loads.
Performance improvement of supersonic nozzles design using a high-temperature model
Authors: Hamaidia Walid , Zebbiche Toufik , Sellam Mohamed , Allali Abderrazak
Published: February 2019

The aim of this paper is to discuss the development of new contours of axisymmetric supersonic nozzles giving a uniform and parallel flow at the exit section, to improve the aerodynamic performances compared to the minimum length nozzle, by increasing the exit Mach number and the thrust coefficient, and by reduction of the nozzle's mass, while holding the same throat section between the two nozzles. The new nozzle is named the best performance nozzle. Its form contains a cylindrical central body and an external wall for the flow redress. The study is done at high temperature, lower than the dissociation threshold of the molecules. The variation of the specific heats with the temperature is considered. The design is made by the method of characteristics. The predictor-corrector algorithm is used to make the numerical resolution of the obtained nonlinear algebraic equations. The validation of results is made by the convergence of the numerical critical sections ratio with that given by the theory. The comparison of the results is made with the minimum length nozzle since it is currently used in the aerospace propulsion. The design depends on M E, T0, y body, y*, and the mesh generation. The application is done with air. A computational fluid dynamics verification for the under nozzle expressed regime has shown that a flow separation with the wall is observed because of the side-loads, which are reduced for this new nozzle compared to the minimum length nozzle.
Reappraisal Reconsidered: A Closer Look at the Costs of an Acclaimed Emotion-Regulation Strategy
Authors: Ford Brett Q. , Troy Allison S.
Published: February 2019

Cognitive reappraisal is a common form of emotion regulation that often centers on reframing how one thinks about an emotional situation so that one feels better. Given its demonstrated widespread benefits, two conclusions have been drawn about reappraisal: People can use it easily, and people should use it frequently. We critically examine these conclusions and highlight two fundamental drawbacks of reappraisal: First, people are often unable to use reappraisal successfully, and second, even when successful, using reappraisal to feel better is not always functional. To synthesize current research and inspire future research, we present a conceptual framework that systematically considers these drawbacks and how they may be influenced by individual-centered factors (e.g., the individual’s skill) and situation-centered factors (e.g., a stressor’s intensity) to shape outcomes across time. We then summarize the current literature and highlight the importance of considering reappraisal’s costs and benefits in future research.
Cutting Ties With Pro-Ana: A Narrative Inquiry Concerning the Experiences of Pro-Ana Disengagement From Six Former Site Users
Authors: Firkins Ashlyn , Twist Jos , Solomons Wendy , Keville Saskia
Published: February 2019

Websites advocating the benefits of eating disorders (“Pro-Ana”) tend to reinforce and maintain restrictive eating and purging behaviors. Yet remarkably, no study has explored individual accounts of disengagement from these sites and the associated meanings. Using narrative inquiry, this study sought to address this gap. From the interviews of six women, two overarching storylines emerged. The first closely tied disengagement to recovery with varying positions of personal agency claimed: this ranged from enforced and unwelcomed breaks that ignited change, to a personal choice that became viable through the development of alternative social and personal identities. A strong counternarrative to “disengagement as recovery” also emerged. Here, disengagement from Pro-Ana was storied alongside a need to retain an ED lifestyle. With “recovery” being just one reason for withdrawal from Pro-Ana sites, clinicians must remain curious about the meanings individuals ascribe to this act, without assuming it represents a step toward recovery.
Distributed Leadership in Context: Teacher Leaders’ Contributions to Novice Teacher Induction
Authors: Anthony Anika Ball , Gimbert Belinda G. , Luke Jeremy B. , Hurt Marie Hoffman
Published: February 2019

Research has affirmed the importance of principals and mentors in supporting novice teachers; however, little is known about how teacher leaders contribute to this work. We employed a mixed methods design to examine teacher leaders’ contributions to induction by surveying principals, teachers, and other staff ( n = 246) and interviewing teacher leaders ( n = 8). We analyzed data using rank-order and constant comparative analyses. Teacher induction tasks were distributed across teacher leaders, principals, mentor teachers, and other positions. Teacher leaders primarily contributed to professional development and promoting collaboration. They mediated support from colleagues by advancing principal-initiated structures for collaboration, referring novice teachers to experienced teachers, requesting principal support, and recommending induction program improvements. Findings have implications for how leader preparation programs and central office supervisors prepare and support principals and teacher leaders with communicating responsibilities, monitoring workloads, and coordinating distributed leadership for school improvement, particularly in the context of supporting novice teachers.
Principalship Socialization in Charter Schools
Authors: Gawlik Marytza A.
Published: February 2019

This study explores the ways in which charter schools manage principalship socialization of individuals as they move into principalship roles. The topic is important in the context of increasing concerns about the need for quality educational principalship and the pressure charter schools face to demonstrate higher levels of student achievement than traditional public schools. Data were collected from three charter elementary schools in Florida during the 2012–2013 school year. The results reveal variation among the schools with respect to preparation for principalship transitions and subsequent socialization. This study provides a conceptual/analytic framework that can serve as a foundation for future research, which should (1) highlight the practices associated with using socialization as a stepping stone to building-level principalship and (2) compare network-based and stand-alone charter schools with respect to principalship development.
Leadership as Sustainability: Context and Primary School Principals in Jamaica
Authors: Miller Paul , Gaynor Veronica , Powell Collington , Powell Shernette , Simpson Eugenie
Published: February 2019

School leadership is as challenging as it is rewarding. And, in a fast paced educational policy environment, school leaders sometimes are having to play catchup with the latest government mandate. This challenge is exacerbated in environments where economic and social problems and lack of parental engagement in education are a daily occurrence and a significant risk to the effectiveness of schools. While we recognize the notion of sustainable school leadership is continuing its evolution, we also acknowledge it is not a single act and nor is it enacted by a single individual. Reporting findings from a qualitative study of primary school leaders in Jamaica, we argue that sustainable school leadership is not a new form of leadership, but rather a type of leadership that combines multiple practices to produce long-term impacts on members of a school community that are “now” and “futures” oriented.
School Administrators’ Experiences in a 6-Month Well-Being Pilot Program
Authors: Waldron Jennifer J. , Alborn-Yilek Susan , Gute Gary , Schares Denise , Huckstadt Kim
Published: February 2019

This descriptive study explored the influence of a 6-month well-being intervention on the leadership–life balance of school administrators. After completing the program, 12 administrators participated in a semistructured interview focused on their administrative duties, experience in the program, and changes in health-related knowledge/skills and behaviors. Investigators conducted a thematic analysis of the interview transcripts. The inductive process of data analysis comprised sorting, categorizing, and connecting the data via coding the data texts. Overall, administrators were successful in making health-related behavior change due to accountability, social support, and use of a fitness tracker during the 6-month program. Administrators also experienced reduced stress due to these changes. Engagement in this program can help school administrators find a leadership–life balance.
Comparison of the Effect of the Combined Mechanism Ankle Support on Static and Dynamic Postural Control of Chronic Ankle Instability Patients
Authors: Hadadi Mohammad , Abbasi Faezeh
Published: February 2019

Background:

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with postural control impairment. Orthotic devices are routinely used to improve postural control of CAI patients and prevent recurrence of ankle sprain. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of combined mechanism ankle support (CMAS) with soft ankle support (SAS) and custom-molded foot orthosis (CFO) on static and dynamic postural control in patients with CAI.

Methods:

Twenty-two patients with CAI and 22 matched healthy subjects were recruited. The participants were evaluated in four orthotic conditions (without orthosis and with the CMAS, SAS, and CFO). Static balance was investigated in single-limb stance on the force platform, and dynamic balance was assessed using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT).

Results:

Statistically significant differences were found for the main effects of the groups in all center of pressure (COP) parameters and reach distances in medial (M), anteromedial (AM), and posteromedial (PM) directions of the SEBT ( P < .05). The main effect of the orthotics for all evaluated parameters, except reach distance in the PM direction, was statistically different. All COP parameters were significantly lower with the CMAS compared with other orthotic conditions in CAI patients. Also, the higher reach distances with the CMAS were obtained in the AM and M directions of the SEBT.

Conclusion:

The CMAS improved impaired postural control in static and dynamic stability tests, but no similar effect was found for SAS and CFO. This result may have implications for the best bracing for CAI.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, comparative study.
The Core of Critical Performative Autoethnography
Authors: Sughrua William M.
Published: February 2019

Taking its cues from, and lending support to, the assertion in the autoethnographic literature that performative autoethnography (PA) is “moral” and “democratic” in its critical engagement, this article theoretically constructs the concepts “moral” and “democratic” in the context of PA. It does this by intersecting the performative theory of Conquergood with the moral philosophy of Dewey and the paradigmatic theory of Adorno, while including an expressionist narrative thread based on urban writer Algren’s critical prose-poem “Chicago: City on the Make,” and while drawing on examples from autoethnography written by the author of this article. As a result, the article, primarily theoretical, situates PA within the long-overlooked and very rarely discussed paradigm “Adorno-esque ‘longing’” where PA is able to “perform” its moral and democratic disposition in a nondogmatic or non-hegemonic manner while seeking social justice.
Implementation of a student pharmacist-driven medication history service for ambulatory oncology patients in a large academic medical center
Authors: Phan Ha , Williams Macey , McElroy Kelly , Burton Bradley , Fu Denise , Khandoobhai Anand
Published: February 2019

Objective

Patients who have an up-to-date and accurate medication list are less susceptible to medication errors and allow care teams to make more informed treatment decisions. Through utilizing student pharmacists to provide medication history services, we anticipate improved patient safety and overall quality of patient care. The purpose of this project was to implement a medication history service for ambulatory oncology patients of the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Johns Hopkins Hospital.

Methods

A phased approach was utilized to implement a standardized operating procedure for completing medication histories in ambulatory oncology patients. Data collection included number of total medication discrepancies, percentage of patients with high-risk medications, and high-risk medication classes involved in discrepancies. Additionally, time data were collected, including time spent calling the patient, completing patient work up, and preceptor oversight.

Results

Students completed medication histories for 60 patients; 83% of patients had at least one discrepancy with 21% of those discrepancies involving a high-risk medication. High-risk medications involved in discrepancies included oral chemotherapeutic agents, anticoagulants, insulin, and opioids.

Conclusion

The majority of patients seen had at least one medication discrepancy that was identified and corrected through the medication history service. By correcting the discrepancy, the likelihood of medication errors occurring was decreased. Continuous workflow changes are being made to identify the number and type of resources to expand the service to all appropriate ambulatory oncology patients at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.
Whose risk and wellbeing? Three perspectives of online privacy in relation to children and young people’s wellbeing
Authors: Walsh Lucas
Published: February 2019

During the course of applied research into the challenges of providing integrated government services to support children and young people (CYP) at risk, a school principal recounted an incident involving an attempted suicide by a pupil who had recently arrived at the school and had a documented history of mental health issues and previous attempts to take his own life; however, this was not communicated to the school in part because of privacy concerns in sharing his case history. Critical information was not shared with staff at his new school that would have drawn attention to the young male’s suicidal tendency. Sometimes, the privacy of CYP is accorded more importance than their overall wellbeing; however, deeper investigation reveals something more complex at play. This article first examines the macro-perspective of efforts by government policy to mitigate breaches of privacy through regulation of online access and the shaping of CYP’s digital practices. Second, it explores how schools and service providers at the meso-level face difficult challenges in sharing information about CYP. Third, this discussion draws on perspectives of privacy derived from CYP themselves at the micro-level in relation to considerations such as the giving and withholding of personal information online, its theft and legacy issues potentially arising from the disclosure of private information online that may impact the individual’s ‘digital footprint’ later in life. Research suggests that a shift from risk to resilience is taking place that entails a potential move from deficit assumptions about youth ‘at-risk’ and ‘as risk’ to a more nuanced understanding of the privacy of CYP shaped by social ecologies of resilience. However, certain challenges persist in the sharing of information at the meso-level.
Modal parameter identification of a spectator–grandstand interaction model under different rhythmic activities
Authors: Naranjo-Pérez Javier , Jiménez-Alonso Javier Fernando , García-Sanchez Felipe , Sáez Andres
Published: February 2019

Stadium grandstands are designed to support high dynamic loads due to the presence of spectators attending both sport and music events. In order to assess accurately the dynamic response of these structures under these actions, spectator–grandstand interaction models have been widely considered. In spite of the wide range of different rhythmic activities, which can be performed by spectators on stadium grandstands, the modal parameters of these interaction models have been determined experimentally for only two extreme situations, the so-called passive and active spectators. In order to overcome this limitation, the variation of the modal parameters of a spectator–grandstand interaction model in terms of the rhythmic activities performed by the spectators was analyzed in this study. As parameters estimator, the ordinary least squares method was considered. The parameters identification has been performed based on the results of a full-scale experimental test conducted on a real grandstand. As result of the identification process, a clear variation of the modal parameters of the interaction model in terms of the activity type and rate has been detected. Therefore, this interaction model becomes a valuable tool for estimating the change on the modal properties of grandstands induced by the different rhythmic activities performed by the spectators.
Pediatric hospitalizations and in-patient mortality from all-terrain vehicle crashes, 2006–2016
Authors: Cairo Sarah B , Burk Joshua K , Rothstein David H
Published: February 2019

Purpose

To evaluate trends in national frequency of hospitalizations and in-patient mortality in the United States for children injured in all-terrain vehicle crashes during the past decade.

Methods

Retrospective review of the 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2016 Kids' Inpatient Databases to identify hospitalizations of patients <19 years of age for all-terrain vehicle-related injuries. External-cause-of-injury codes were used to identify patients hospitalized for injuries sustained in all-terrain vehicle crashes. Odds ratios for in-patient mortality were calculated by logistic regression incorporating multiple individual demographic and hospital variables.

Results

Estimated all-terrain vehicle-related hospitalizations ranged from 3666 in 2006 (5.2/100,000 persons <19 years of age) to 2558 in 2012 (3.3/100,000). Crude in-patient mortality was low, and varied slightly from year to year (range, 0.55–1.04%). Patients hospitalized for all-terrain vehicle-related injuries were 76.8–78.4% White and 72.1–77.2% male. Totally 61.0–64.3% had private insurance, 35.3–39.3% were from rural areas, 37.4–38.3% were in the 10–14-year age group, and patients from the West region accounted for 40.4–43.6% of patients. There were no risk factors identified as being consistently associated with mortality in this cohort. Average total charges increased from $26,996 to $67,370 over the course of the study ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Hospitalizations for all-terrain vehicle-related injuries in children have fallen in the past decade although the reasons for this change are unknown. In-patient mortality rates have stayed relatively constant and while no factors were predictive of in-patient mortality, demographic data may provide an opportunity for targeted interventions to further reduce injuries and associated hospital costs.
Indigenous sovereignty and the new developmentalism in plurinational Bolivia
Authors: Postero Nancy , Fabricant Nicole
Published: February 2019

Across Latin America indigenous groups are asserting an alternative form of sovereignty they are calling indigenous autonomy. They have found support in international documents such as the 2007 United Nations Declaration of Indigenous Rights, as well as some Left-leaning governments such as those in Bolivia and Ecuador. Yet, there is a fundamental paradox at play in these demands: indigenous actors must negotiate their self-determination with the states whose essential characteristic is exerting territorial sovereignty. In this paper, we consider the politics entailed in managing these difficult political struggles. We examine one lowland indigenous community, the Guaraní of Charagua, Bolivia, which has articulated a vision of indigenous self-determination based in ñandereku, or ‘our way of being’ in the world. Rather than a liberal notion of territorial administration, this understanding of autonomy implies reciprocal relations between people and the land. We show how the Guaraní must negotiate the ‘spaces in-between’ competing notions of state and local sovereignty to approach their vision of self-determination. We argue that their efforts to assert indigenous autonomy can act as a form of emancipatory ‘politics,’ but that they are entangled with the ‘policing’ of the state, requiring skillful negotiations. Thus, their alternative notions of sovereignty must, at times, be smuggled in under the cover of other seemingly shared agendas such as economic development or liberalism. Here, we dispute Rancière’s notion of politics as the result of radical disagreement. We show instead how political actors negotiate ambiguities inherent in the multiple meanings of sovereignty to promote their own indigenous visions of self-governance. Thus, we posit that politics does not always require radical ruptures, but instead can emerge from productive entanglements in the ‘third spaces’ between neighbors, government entities, and worldviews. We conclude that this sort of balancing act might best be understood through the indigenous idea of ch’ixi, the holding in tension of competing but complementary elements.
Subjects of politics: Between democracy and dictatorship in Thailand
Authors: Elinoff Eli
Published: February 2019

In May of 2014, the Thai military deposed elected Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra. Since the coup, the chief aim of the military government has been to bring order to the country by silencing politics. In this paper, I trace the drift from democracy to dictatorship as a set of disagreements about democracy and its redistribution of political capacity. Specifically, I show how debates revolving around the political capacities of the poor reflect both the emergence of a new subject of politics and the anxieties produced by shifting arrangements of the political.1 Working from the vantage point of urban railway squatter communities in northeastern Thailand, I show how disagreements between residents, non-governmental organization activists, state development agencies and the military reflect unresolved tensions between multiple orderings of the political and the unreconciled question of who is a legitimate political actor. Residents’ engagements with development projects preceding the coup expose the ways in which their emergent claims to political capacity provoked new governmental strategies to incorporate their voices but manage their political aspirations. Military rule has once again transformed the shape of the political, narrowing the horizons of political possibility for citizens such as those living along the railway tracks. Yet, even amidst such threats, the military government remains fragile precisely because the political is always contingent, composed of heterogeneous disagreements. By making these processes legible through an ethnography of disagreement, I argue that anthropology and ethnography are fundamental for understanding the emerging forms of the political in the 21st century.
Effect of a multifactorial intervention on the increase in physical activity in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial (EMID Study)
Authors: Alonso-Domínguez Rosario , Patino-Alonso María C , Sánchez-Aguadero Natalia , García-Ortiz Luis , Recio-Rodríguez Jose I , Gómez-Marcos Manuel A
Published: February 2019

Background:

Regular physical activity is essential for metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to assess the short and long-term impact of a multifactorial intervention on physical activity and clinically relevant biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

This randomised, controlled clinical trial (NCT02991079) included two parallel groups aged 25–70 years from a primary care health centre in Salamanca, Spain. The subjects were assigned randomly (1:1) to control and intervention groups, using Epidat 4.0 software. Both were counselled on the importance of physical activity and maintaining a healthy diet. The intervention group also took five low–moderate intensity 4 km nurse-guided walks, received a smartphone application to promote healthy habits and attended a diet workshop. Physical activity was measured objectively using a pedometer and subjectively using a shortened international physical activity questionnaire (at baseline, 3 and 12 months).

Results:

In total, 204 subjects were included (mean age 60.6 years, 45.6% were women). After 3 months, relative to the control group, the intervention group increased their daily number of steps by 1852, aerobic steps by 1623, distance walked by 994 m, and total metabolic equivalent minutes per week by 1297 and decreased sedentary time by 34.3 minutes per day. Differences from baseline persisted at 12 months, including mean increases of 1141 daily steps, 917 aerobic steps, and 1065 total metabolic equivalent minutes per week in the intervention group relative to the control group ( P<0.05 for all).

Conclusions:

The success of this multifactorial intervention should help inform future clinical approaches and application designs towards managing type 2 diabetes mellitus and improving patient outcomes.
The client side of everyday corruption in Central and Eastern Europe: The case of Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in Romania
Authors: Hiah Jing
Published: February 2019

This article provides an in-depth understanding of the corruption experiences of migrant entrepreneurs in transition economies. Drawing from ethnographic research, including 50 qualitative interviews with Chinese migrant entrepreneurs active in wholesale markets, non-governmental organizations, and supervisory agencies in Romania, this article demonstrates that normalization of corruption by migrant entrepreneurs should be understood in the historical context of the wholesale market as a product of post-1989 transition in Central and Eastern Europe. At a social-interactional level, normalization of corruption is revealed through how migrants use decriminalizing language to refer to corruption and perceive corruption as a survival strategy by public officials. Moreover, the legal and outsider status of migrants and their knowledge of the language, rules and laws further determine migrants’ position as clients of ‘on the spot’ corruption.
Fabrication and characterization of electrospun membranes from Poly(lactic acid) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-modified montmorillonite clay
Authors: Mushtaq Muhammad , Saba Hina , Wang Weiwei , Naeem Muhammad A , Wei Qufu
Published: February 2019

Poly(lactic acid)/hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-modified montmorillonite clay nanofiber membranes have been fabricated by the electrospinning technique. The nanofiber membranes were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Nanofiber membranes with different ratios of Poly(lactic acid) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-modified montmorillonite have been spun by varying voltage supply during electrospinning. These parameters were found to have a substantial effect on the morphologies of these membranes. It was found that 8% (w/w) Poly(lactic acid)/hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-modified montmorillonite concentration is an ideal condition to obtain thinner and uniform Poly(lactic acid) fibers. The results also suggested the coexistence of exfoliated hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-modified montmorillonite layers over the studied hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-modified montmorillonite contents. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy revealed that there might be possible interactions between the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-modified montmorillonite clay and Poly(lactic acid) matrix.
Prognostic Values of Systemic Inflammation Response (SIR) Parameters in Resectable Cervical Cancer
Authors: Wang Wen-Jie , Li Ying , Zhu Jie , Gao Min-jie , Shi Jian-ping , Huang Yue-qing
Published: February 2019

Background:

Cervical carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) are indicators of systemic inflammation response correlated with tumor outcomes.

Methods:

This study recruited 110 patients with cervical cancer. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to pretreatment median values of CRP, ALB, GLB, LDH, and AGR. The post/preradiotherapy or post/pretreatment ratios were defined as rates of pretreatment CRP, ALB, GLB, LDH, and AGR values and the corresponding ones obtained after radiotherapy or whole treatment.

Results:

Higher pretreatment CRP or LDH levels were correlated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Increased post/preradiotherapy CRP ratio was correlated with worse PFS and OS, increased post/preradiotherapy LDH ratio was correlated with worse PFS. Increased post/pretreatment CRP ratio was correlated with worse PFS and OS, not-increased post/pretreatment AGR ratio was correlated with worse OS. Cox regression analysis model indicated that, moderately or poorly of differentiation, higher pretreatment CRP or LDH levels were independently associated with worse PFS, higher pretreatment CRP or LDH levels and increased post/pretreatment CRP ratio were independently associated with worse OS.

Conclusion:

CRP, LDH, or AGR are correlated with outcomes of resectable cervical cancer.
The influence of contextual faces on bilingual language control
Authors: Liu Cong , Timmer Kalinka , Jiao Lu , Yuan Yuan , Wang Ruiming
Published: February 2019

How do faces with social-cultural identity affect bilingual language control? We approach this question by looking at the switch cost patterns and reversed language dominance effect, which are suggested to reflect bilingual language control mechanisms, in the absence (i.e., baseline context) or presence of faces with socio-cultural identity (Asian or Caucasian). In separate blocks, the face matched (i.e., congruent context) or mismatched (i.e., incongruent context) the language to be spoken. In addition, cue preparation time was manipulated to be long (Experiment 1) or short (Experiment 2). In both experiments, a unique asymmetric switch cost with larger costs for L2 was observed in the congruent context as compared with the baseline and incongruent contexts. Furthermore, the reversed language dominance effect was not modulated across contexts. These results suggest a critical role of contextual faces in modulating local but not global language control. Thus, bilingual language control changes flexibly within an environment that includes faces with socio-cultural identity.
Regioselective Synthesis of syn-oximes using 3Å Molecular Sieves in a Solventless System
Authors: Bigdeli Mohammad. A. , Nikje Mir.M.Alavi , Jafari Said , Heravi Majid M.
Published: February 2019

Regioselective synthesis of syn-oximes using 3Å molecular sieves under solvent-free condition is described.
An Experimental Study of the 4hJ(31P–31P) Coupling Constant and the 12C/13C Isotope Effect on 31P in an Iminophosphorane-Substituted Proton Sponge
Authors: Elguero José , Fruchier Alain , Jimeno María Luisa , Molina Pedro
Published: February 2019

The 13C NMR spectra of the bromide of the protonated iminophosphorane -substituted sponge 7 were recorded at different fields. Together with the use of 13C satellites of the 31P NMR spectrum, these experiments allow determination of a reasonable set of chemical shifts and coupling constants. The most interesting are a 4h JPP = 1.6 Hz, determined directly from the 31P NMR spectrum, which probably involves the hydrogen bond, and a 2Δ31P(13C) isotope shift of 9 ppb.
Kinetics and mechanism of the Oxidative regeneration of Carbonyl Compounds from Phenylhydrazones by Tetramminecopper(2+) Bis (Permanganate)
Authors: Shukla Raghvendra , Kótai László , Sharma Pradeep K. , Banerji Kalyan K.
Published: February 2019

The oxidation of aldo- and keto-phenylhydrazones by tetraamminecopper(2+) bis(permanganate) (TACP), in aqueous acetic acid, proceeds through a mechanism involving the formation of a cyclic activated complex, in the rate-determining step.
Using new literacies theory as a lens for analyzing technology-mediated literacy classrooms
Authors: West Jessica A
Published: February 2019

In this article, I share the ways in which New Literacies theory served as an interpretive lens to understand how the Internet as a cultural tool mediates the literacy actions of adolescents in English Language Arts classrooms. Data were drawn from a larger study in which students who were considered “at-risk” because of previous academic failure were given the opportunity to engage in digital writing events by classroom teachers who used digital writing frequently and in a variety of different ways in their instruction, ranging from collaborative writing using Google Docs to the use of Web 2.0 applications and multimodal projects. Findings revealed that writing with technology tools both enabled and constrained the literacy actions of the adolescent participants. Analyzing the learning context of these fourth and ninth grade classrooms through the lens of New Literacies theory informed my understanding of the ways in which technology infused the literacy curriculum and daily literacy practices that occurred in the literacy classrooms.
Feline meningioma with extensive nasal involvement
Authors: Pérez-Accino Jorge , Suñol Anna , Munro Elizabeth , Philbey Adrian W , Marioni-Henry Katia
Published: February 2019

Case summary

A 9-year-old male neutered domestic longhair cat was presented with a 3 week history of lethargy and pain of unknown origin. A large extra-axial mass was demonstrated on MRI of the head, with cribriform plate destruction, extensive nasal invasion and intracranial expansion, producing a severe mass effect. The mass was isointense on T1-weighted imaging, predominantly hypointense with some hyperintense areas on T2-weighted imaging and fluid attenuation inversion recovery, markedly contrast enhancing, and caused transtentorial and cerebellar herniation. Histopathological evaluation confirmed a transitional (mixed) meningioma.

Relevance and novel information

To our knowledge this is the first report of a meningioma with extensive nasal involvement in a cat. Based on this case, meningioma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for tumours involving the nasal cavity and frontal lobe with cribriform plate destruction.
Should or could? Testing the use of autonomy-supportive language and the provision of choice in online computer-tailored alcohol reduction communication
Authors: Altendorf Maria B. , van Weert Julia C.M. , Hoving Ciska , Smit Eline S.
Published: February 2019

Individuals can feel more motivated to change health behaviour when perceiving autonomy-support, as induced through non-pressuring message phrasing and the provision of choice: autonomy-supportive message framing. Additionally, controlling message phrasing – commands that do not provide choice – can thwart autonomy and lead to reactance, which is detrimental to the persuasiveness of health messages. Many health messages have not been formulated in an autonomy-supportive manner and therefore could arouse reactance, resulting in reduced intervention effectiveness. We aimed to test the effects of autonomy-supportive vs. controlling alcohol reduction message frames on individuals’ perceived autonomy-support from these messages; and their reactance towards the message while considering the individual need for autonomy in the context of an online computer-tailored alcohol reduction intervention. A 2 (autonomy-supportive language vs. controlling language) × 2 (choice vs. no choice) between-subjects experiment ( N = 521) was conducted using an online computer-tailored alcohol reduction intervention. Outcome measures were perceived autonomy-support and reactance and we investigated whether an individual’s need for autonomy moderated the effect of autonomy-supportive and controlling message frames on those outcome variables. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that neither autonomy-supportive nor controlling message frames had significant effects on perceived autonomy-support or reactance, and there was no moderation from the need for autonomy. Overall, participants evaluated the intervention as positive and perceived high levels of autonomy-support, regardless of the message frame used. Future research needs to test whether the positive intervention evaluation is due to content tailoring, and whether more distinguishable manipulations of message frames could be effective.
The Evolution of Social Constructivism in Political Science: Past to Present
Authors: Jung Hoyoon
Published: February 2019

This article aims to illuminate how social constructivism has evolved as a mainstream international relation (IR) paradigm within a short period of time. To be specific, I navigated core tenets of constructivism in terms of its ontology, epistemology, and methodology, respectively. I also explored the growing body of constructivist empirical research and ensuing theoretical refinement as well as the strengths and weaknesses of a constructivist approach. Through these discussions, this article argues that constructivist approaches, since its emergence, have hugely contributed to the development of the study of IRs, providing novel insights and distinct ways of understanding of social and international reality with its own added value, by focusing on the role of ideas, identity, and norms in shaping state preferences and world politics.
Time trends in patients managed simultaneously in multiple hospital outpatient specialty clinics for chronic diseases: A register-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Wolff Donna Lykke , Von Plessen Christian , Waldorff Frans Boch , Sørensen Thomas Lund , Bogh Søren Bie , Rubin Katrine Hass , Mogensen Christian Backer
Published: February 2019

Background:

The increasing prevalence of patients with multimorbidity in the general population affects the health-care system. There is a lack of knowledge of the proportion of patients attending multiple hospital outpatient specialty clinics simultaneously.

Objective:

This study describes the development in the proportion of patients managed simultaneously in multiple hospital outpatient specialty clinics.

Design:

We obtained three cross-sectional samples from all of the hospitals in Denmark. The data set consists of adults (age 18+) in long-term outpatient care on January 1 in 2004, 2009, and 2014 with one or more of 50 consensus-selected chronic diseases. Descriptive statistics were used to examine and compare the proportion of patients treated simultaneously in multiple outpatient specialty clinics. We also investigated the most common combinations of outpatient specialty clinics.

Results:

In 2004, 176,786 patients with chronic diseases were registered as receiving outpatient care in Denmark. This figure increased to 246,542 patients in 2009 and 341,015 in 2014. The proportion of patients managed simultaneously in multiple outpatient specialty clinics was 4.0% in 2004, 5.5% in 2009, and 7.7% in 2014. The most common specialty clinic combination was endocrinology and cardiology, accounting for 12.1% in 2004, 11.5% in 2009, and 9.6% in 2014.

Conclusions:

The proportion of patients in multiple clinics nearly doubled over a 10-year period. While there were some common specialty clinic combinations in which patients were treated most often, there was also considerable variation. Further studies are needed to identify generic and disease-specific initiatives.
Reconstruction of Myerson type III chronic Achilles tendon ruptures using semitendinosus tendon and gracilis tendon autograft
Authors: Jiang Xian-Jun , Shen Jian-Jian , Huang Jie-Feng , Tong Pei-Jian
Published: February 2019

Background:

Reconstruction of Myerson type III (defect size more than 5 cm) chronic Achilles tendon ruptures (CATRs) is a surgical challenge due to its large Achilles tendon defect. This study aims to describe our operative technique for Myerson type III CATR and its clinical outcomes.

Patients and Methods:

From May 2012 to April 2015, we treated seven patients (6 males, 1 female) with Myerson type III CATR using semitendinosus tendon and gracilis tendon autograft. The mean age was 47.3 years (range: 37–56). Patients were followed for a mean time of 31.3 months. All patients’ defect size between Achilles ends after debridement was more than 5 cm and hence classified as Myerson type III. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot score, Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS), and the Short Form 36 (SF-36).

Results:

All patients reported good postoperative clinical outcomes. The average AOFAS score increased from 54.29 points (range: 46–65 points) preoperatively to 97.57 points (range: 90–100 points) at last follow-up. The average ATRS increased from 51.43 points (range: 40–61 points) preoperatively to 92.71 points (range: 83–100 points) at last follow-up. And the average VAS for pain was 0 at the last follow-up. The mean value of SF-36 physical increased from 32.14 points (range: 25–35 points) to 90 points (range: 80–95 points). And the mean value of SF-36 mental was improved from 37.14 points (range: 32–40 points) to 90.86 points (range: 84–96 points).

Conclusions:

Semitendinosus tendon combined gracilis tendon autograft is a safe and effective technique in the reconstruction of Myerson type III CATR.
Online Learning, Offline Outcomes: Online Course Taking and High School Student Performance
Authors: Hart Cassandra M. D. , Berger Dan , Jacob Brian , Loeb Susanna , Hill Michael
Published: February 2019

This article uses fixed effects models to estimate differences in contemporaneous and downstream academic outcomes for students who take courses virtually and face-to-face—both for initial attempts and for credit recovery. We find that while contemporaneous outcomes are positive for virtual students in both settings, downstream outcomes vary by attempt type. For first-time course takers, virtual course taking is associated with decreases in the likelihood of taking and passing follow-on courses and in graduation readiness (based on a proxy measure). For credit recovery students, virtual course taking is associated with an increased likelihood of taking and passing follow-on courses and being in line for graduation. Supplemental analyses suggest that selection on unobservables would have to be substantial to render these results null.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Pediatric Primary Care Providers on Management of Cholestasis
Authors: Menz Timothy Joseph , Herzlinger Michael , Ross Albert , Zonfrillo Mark R.
Published: February 2019

Biliary atresia is a common cause of cholestasis in infants and is a time-sensitive diagnosis. A survey was distributed to pediatric primary care providers in order to assess variations in diagnosis and management of cholestasis. Participants were identified from physician parent groups on social media and regional pediatric residency programs. Information on knowledge and interpretation of screening tests, past experience/behavior, confidence, and comfort level managing cholestasis, as well as demographic information was collected. Out of 116 eligible respondents, 94.8% were confident in diagnosing hyperbilirubinemia but only 10.3% knew the biochemical definition of direct hyperbilirubinemia. Of the 56% of providers who had some knowledge of the guidelines, 18.5% stated the guidelines changed the way they evaluate cholestasis. These results demonstrate a gap in knowledge of diagnosing and evaluating cholestasis, which could provide the framework for standardized screening, leading to earlier identification of biliary atresia.