bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do FDI Firms Employ More Workers than Domestic Firms for Each Dollar of Assets?
Authors: Ando Sakai , Wang Mengxue
Published: April 2020

This paper studies whether FDI firms employ more workers than domestic firms for each dollar of assets. Using the Orbis database and its ownership structure information, we show that, in most economies, domestic firms tend to employ more workers per asset than FDI firms. The result remains robust across individual industries in the case study of the United Kingdom. The analysis of the switchers (ownership changes from domestic to foreign or vice versa) suggests that ownership changes do not have an immediate impact on the employment per asset. This result suggests that different patterns of employment per asset seem to come from technological differences rather than from different ownership structures.
Kingdom of the Netherlands - Aruba
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: April 2020

This Technical Assistance report on Kingdom of the Netherlands—Aruba focuses on the mission undertaken to assist the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) in assessing and improving the national accounts. The CBS plans to recompile and disseminate the revised annual current price estimates by January 2020, and improved constant 2013 price estimates by June 2020. The mission and the Director of the CBS met with the Minister of Finance, Economic Affairs and Culture to discuss the rebased estimates and the 2020–2025 action plan. The budget, staffing, and data coordination plans of the CBS were also discussed. The Minister agreed to establishing formal data coordination agreements between the CBS and other government institutions, and on the need for the legislation and related reporting procedures to be strengthened. She also agreed to the 2020–2025 action plan to implement the Special Data Dissemination Standard for real-sector statistics, the need for benchmark and regular surveys, and to incrementally increasing the CBS budget and staffing, subject to Cabinet approval.
Simultaneous detection of ozone and nitrogen dioxide by oxygen anion chemical ionization mass spectrometry: a fast-time-response sensor suitable for eddy covariance measurements
Authors: Novak Gordon A. , Vermeuel Michael P. , Bertram Timothy H.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We report on the development, characterization, and field
deployment of a fast-time-response sensor for measuring ozone (O3) and
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations utilizing chemical ionization
time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CI-ToFMS) with oxygen anion
(O2-) reagent ion chemistry. We
demonstrate that the oxygen anion chemical ionization mass spectrometer
(Ox-CIMS) is highly sensitive to both O3 (180 counts s−1 pptv−1) and NO2 (97 counts s−1 pptv−1), corresponding to
detection limits (3σ, 1 s averages) of 13 and 9.9 pptv,
respectively. In both cases, the detection threshold is limited by the
magnitude and variability in the background determination. The short-term
precision (1 s averages) is better than 0.3 % at 10 ppbv O3 and 4 %
at 10 pptv NO2. We demonstrate that the sensitivity of the O3
measurement to fluctuations in ambient water vapor and carbon dioxide is
negligible for typical conditions encountered in the troposphere. The
application of the Ox-CIMS to the measurement of O3 vertical fluxes
over the coastal ocean, via eddy covariance (EC), was tested during the summer of
2018 at Scripps Pier, La Jolla, CA. The observed mean ozone deposition
velocity (vd(O3)) was 0.013 cm s−1 with a campaign ensemble
limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0027 cm s−1 at the 95 % confidence
level, from each 27 min sampling period LOD. The campaign mean and 1
standard deviation range of O3 mixing ratios was 41.2±10.1 ppbv. Several fast ozone titration events from local NO emissions were
sampled where unit conversion of O3 to NO2 was observed,
highlighting instrument utility as a total odd-oxygen (Ox=O3+NO2) sensor. The demonstrated precision, sensitivity, and time
resolution of this instrument highlight its potential for direct
measurements of O3 ocean–atmosphere and biosphere–atmosphere exchange
from both stationary and mobile sampling platforms.
Outer Van Allen belt trapped and precipitating electron flux responses to two interplanetary magnetic clouds of opposite polarity
Authors: George Harriet , Kilpua Emilia , Osmane Adnane , Asikainen Timo , Kalliokoski Milla M. H. , Rodger Craig J. , Dubyagin Stepan , Palmroth Minna
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Recently, it has been established that interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) can dramatically affect both trapped electron fluxes in the outer radiation belt and precipitating electron fluxes lost from the belt into the atmosphere. Precipitating electron flux and energy can vary over a range of timescales during these events. These variations depend on the initial energy and location of the electron population, as well as the ICME characteristics and structures. One important factor controlling electron dynamics is the magnetic field orientation within the ejecta that is an integral part of the ICME. In this study, we examine Van Allen Probes (RBSP) and Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) data to explore trapped and precipitating electron fluxes during two ICMEs. The ejecta in the selected ICMEs have magnetic cloud characteristics that exhibit opposite sense of rotation of the north-south magnetic field component (BZ). RBSP data are used to study trapped electron fluxes in situ, while POES data are used for electron fluxes precipitating into the upper atmosphere. The trapped and precipitating electron fluxes are qualitatively analysed to understand their variation in relation to each other and to magnetic cloud rotation during these events. Inner magnetospheric wave activity was also estimated using RBSP and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) data. In each event, the largest changes in the location and magnitude of both the trapped and precipitating electron fluxes occurred during the southward portion of the magnetic cloud. Significant changes also occurred during the end of the sheath and at the sheath-cloud boundary for the cloud with south to north magnetic field rotation, while the ICME with north to south rotation had significant changes at the end boundary of the cloud. The sense of rotation of BZ and its profile also clearly affects the coherence of the trapped/precipitating flux changes, timing of variations with respect to the ICME structures, and flux magnitude of different electron populations. The differing electron responses could therefore imply partly different dominant acceleration mechanisms acting on the outer radiation belt electron populations as a result of opposite magnetic cloud rotation.
A comparison of patterns of microbial C : N : P stoichiometry between topsoil and subsoil along an aridity gradient
Authors: Liu Yuqing , Ma Wenhong , Kou Dan , Niu Xiaxia , Wang Tian , Chen Yongliang , Chen Dima , Zhu Xiaoqin , Zhao Mengying , Hao Baihui , Zhang Jinbo , Yang Yuanhe , Hu Huifeng
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Microbial stoichiometry and its potential driving factors play crucial roles
in understanding the balance of chemical elements in ecological interactions
and nutrient limitations along the aridity gradient. However, little is known
about the variation in these features along the aridity gradient due to the lack
of comprehensive field investigations. Additionally, previous studies
focused on the topsoil (0–10 or 0–20 cm); however, the minimum sampling
depth for topsoil could impact the results of the vertical distribution of
microbial stoichiometry. In the present study, we measured the variation in
microbial stoichiometry, examined the major influential factors (climatic,
edaphic, and biotic factors) along an aridity gradient, and determined whether
the sampling depth affected microbial C : N : P stoichiometry. From the topsoil
to the subsoil, the microbial C : N, C : P, and N : P ratios varied from 6.59 to
6.83, from 60.2 to 60.5, and from 9.29 to 8.91, respectively. Only the
microbial C : N ratio significantly increased with soil depth. The microbial
C : N ratio significantly increased with increasing aridity in both topsoil
and subsoil, while the microbial N : P ratio decreased along the aridity
gradient only for the topsoil. This result implied that drought-stimulated
microbes tend to be more N conservative, especially those in topsoil. Among
all the factors, the soil organic carbon (SOC) content and the fungi-to-bacteria ratio exerted the largest influence on the microbial C : N, C : P, and
N : P ratios at both soil depths, implying that the substrate supply and
microbial structure together controlled the microbial stoichiometry. The
results also revealed that the aridity index (AI) and plant aboveground
biomass (AGB) exerted negative impacts on the microbial C : N ratio at both
soil depths, and the effects of AI decreased in the subsoil. The results of
this study suggested that the flexibility of the microbial N : P ratio should
be considered when establishing the sampling depth for microbial
stoichiometry study.
Evaluation of sub-monthly oceanographic signal in GRACE “daily” swath series using altimetry
Authors: Bonin Jennifer A. , Save Himanshu
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Bottom pressure estimates from three different Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
series (an experimental Center for Space Research (CSR) swath series, ITSG2016, and ITSG2018)
and two global ocean models (OMCT and MPIOM) are compared to Jason altimetry
sea level anomaly estimates in order to determine the accuracy of the GRACE
and model data at sub-monthly timescales. We find that the GRACE series are
capable of explaining 25 %–75 % of the sub-monthly altimetric variability
over most of those ocean regions that have high signal strength. All three
GRACE series explain more of the sub-monthly variability than the
de-aliasing products they were created with. Upon examination over finer
frequency bands, the GRACE series prove superior at explaining the
altimetric signal for signals with periods as short as 10 d.
Decomposing the response of the stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation to an abrupt quadrupling in CO2
Authors: Chrysanthou Andreas , Maycock Amanda C. , Chipperfield Martyn P.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We perform time-slice experiments using HadGEM3-A to decompose the long-term (years 101–150) response of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) to an abrupt quadrupling in CO2 (4×CO2) into
(1) a rapid atmospheric adjustment, (2) a contribution from the global-average sea surface temperature (SST) change (+3.4 K), and (3) an SST pattern effect. The SST fields are derived from the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble. Two further experiments explore the impact on the BDC of the spread in global-average SST response to 4×CO2 across the CMIP5 models (range 2.1–4.9 K). At 70 hPa (10 hPa) the annual-mean tropical upward mass flux increases by 45 % (35 %) due to the 4×CO2 perturbation. At 70 hPa, around 70 % of the increase is from the global-uniform SST warming, with the remainder coming in similar contributions from the rapid adjustment and SST pattern effect. In contrast, at 10 hPa the increase in mass flux comes mainly from the rapid adjustment (∼40 %) and the uniform SST warming (∼45 %), with a small contribution from the SST pattern. At 10 hPa, the effect of the multi-model spread in global-mean SST is comparable in magnitude to the rapid adjustment. Conversely, at 70 hPa the effect of spread in global-mean SST is substantially larger than both the rapid adjustment and the SST pattern effect. We derive an approximately linear sensitivity of the tropical upward mass flux to global surface air temperature change of 0.62×109 kg s−1 K−1 (9 % K−1) at 70 hPa and 0.10×109 kg s−1 K−1 (6 % K−1) at 10 hPa. The results confirm the most important factor for the acceleration of the BDC in the lower stratosphere under increased CO2 is global SST changes. We also quantify for the first time that the rapid adjustment to CO2 is of similar importance to SSTs for the increased BDC in the upper stratosphere. This demonstrates a potential for a fast and slow timescale of the response of the BDC to greenhouse gas forcing, with the relative prominence of those timescales being height dependent.
Exploring the complexities associated with full-scale wind plant wake mitigation control experiments
Authors: Duncan Jr. James B. , Hirth Brian D. , Schroeder John L.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Recent research promotes implementing next-generation wind plant control methods to mitigate turbine-to-turbine wake effects. Numerical simulation and wind tunnel experiments have previously demonstrated the potential benefit of wind plant control for wind plant optimization, but full-scale validation of the wake-mitigating control strategies remains limited. As part of this study, the yaw and blade pitch of a utility-scale wind turbine were strategically modified for a limited time period to examine wind turbine wake response to first-order turbine control changes. Wind turbine wake response was measured using Texas Tech University's Ka-band Doppler radars and dual-Doppler scanning strategies. Results highlight some of the complexities associated with executing and analyzing wind plant control at full scale using brief experimental control periods. Some difficulties include (1) the ability to accurately implement the desired control changes, (2) identifying reliable data sources and methods to allow these control changes to be accurately quantified, and (3) attributing variations in wake structure to turbine control changes rather than a response to the underlying atmospheric conditions (e.g., boundary layer streak orientation, atmospheric stability). To better understand wake sensitivity to the underlying atmospheric conditions, wake evolution within the early-evening transition was also examined using a single-Doppler data collection approach. Analysis of both wake length and meandering during this period of transitioning atmospheric stability indicates the potential benefit and feasibility of wind plant control should be enhanced when the atmosphere is stable.
Programa E-Health ICOnnecta’t: un ecosistema para fomentar el bienestar en cáncer a través de la propuesta europea ONCOMMUN
Authors: Ochoa-Arnedo Cristian , Flix-Valle Aida , Medina Joan Carles , Escriche Elisenda , Rodríguez Ana , Villanueva Claudia , Sumalla Enric C. , Alabèrnia-Segura Miquel , Prats Claudia , Corral María José , Gallardo-Pujol David , Feixas Guillem , Calle Candela , Trelis Jordi , Borràs Josep Maria
Published: April 2020

Introducción: A pesar de que los tratamientos psico-oncológicos han demostrado su efectividad en disminuir el malestar emocional y mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con cáncer, aún existen numerosas barreras que limitan su acceso. La transformación a online de esta atención se plantea como una solución para aumentar la cobertura del servicio y mejorar su coste-utilidad. Objetivo: Crear un ecosistema digital de salud para reducir el impacto del cáncer, aumentando el bienestar y la calidad de vida del ciudadano con cáncer. Método: Programa dirigido a pacientes diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama en fase de supervivencia aguda. Es un programa de atención escalonada dividido en 4 niveles de intervención jerarquizados por complejidad: Nivel 1, cribado y monitorización psicosocial; Nivel 2, Campus: psicoeducación y educación sanitaria; Nivel 3, soporte psicosocial comunitario; y Nivel 4, tratamiento psicoterapéutico grupal. Resultados: En 2019, 259 mujeres fueron incluidas en el programa (39,91% de los nuevos casos de cáncer de mama en los centros participantes). Solo el 3,47% (n = 9) requirió atención clínica especializada (Nivel 4). Conclusión: El programa Iconnecta’t adopta un modelo integrado de atención psicosocial en cáncer que se adecúa a las necesidades específicas de los supervivientes. Da solución a algunas de las barreras de la atención sanitaria tradicional, democratizando el acceso a los servicios mediante el uso de tecnologías de uso común en la mayoría de ciudadanos. En un futuro próximo se prevé la implementación progresiva a otras neoplasias, junto con un ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado que evaluará su eficacia.
Validación de un Cuestionario Multidimensional de Adaptación a la Enfermedad para Pacientes Renales en Diálisis (CMAE-RD) diseñado a partir de un cuestionario para pacientes oncohematológicos
Authors: Rodríguez Rey Rocío , García-Llana Helena , Górriz José Luis , Selgas Rafael
Published: April 2020

Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las propiedades psicométricas de un cuestionario multidimensional de adaptación a la enfermedad para pacientes con enfermedad renal en diálisis (CMAE-RD). Métodos: Esta herramienta está diseñada para ser administrada por un profesional de la psicología en forma de entrevista semiestructurada y fue diseñado a partir de un cuestionario previo para pacientes oncohematológicos. Un total de 113 pacientes en hemodiálisis fueron entrevistados mediante el CMAE-RD y completaron dos cuestionarios adicionales con propósitos de validación: el HADS (para evaluar ansiedad y depresión) y el CDRISC-2 (para evaluar resiliencia). Resultados: La consistencia interna para las áreas del CMAE-RD estuvo comprendida entre 0,53 y 0,70, y se obtuvieron evidencias de validez relacionada con un criterio externo y concurrente especialmente para las áreas que evaluaban el grado en que el paciente está informado y su estado de ánimo. Conclusiones: CMAE-RD presenta niveles adecuados de fiabilidad y validez, siendo una herramienta útil desde el punto de vista clínico, pues permite evaluar las necesidades y recursos de los pacientes, guiando la intervención psicológica.
The Problems of Translating Religious Texts: A Study on Senior EFL Learners of King Khalid University
Authors: Hassan Abdulkhaleq Qassim Ahmed
Published: April 2020

Undergraduate English majors take three translation courses to learn the principles and techniques of translating Arabic texts into English and vice versa. It has been observed that students translate general subjects at some ease, but they undergo various syntactic and semantic obstacles when translating religious texts, as these texts contain unique applications of Arabic language and various layers of meaning. To investigate these hurdles of translating religious texts, an empirical study was conducted on one hundred male students of the four-year Bachelor of English program, at the College of Science and Arts, King Khalid University. The study aims at locating, analyzing and understanding the nature of the problems students may encounter, examining the reasons behind their fear of translating and framing out a list of recommendations for the learners as well as for teachers. It is expected that the outcomes of the research will enable learners to overcome the syntactic and semantic ambiguities of translation courses. Moreover, the study will help course teachers to apply effective methods, techniques and materials to make the courses more enjoyable and motivating to learners.
GESTÃO AMBIENTAL, LEGISLAÇÃO E OS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NA CIDADE DE FORTALEZA (CE), BRASIL
Authors: Vasconcelos Francisca Dalila Menezes , Mota Francisco Suetônio
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho discute a importância da gestão ambiental e da legislação de controle urbano para a proteção dos recursos hídricos. Destaca, também, a importância da lei de uso do solo para a conservação ambiental, devendo o zoneamento urbano considerar as características do ambiente natural. É feita uma avaliação da legislação de uso e ocupação do solo de Fortaleza (CE), constatando-se que ela nem sempre segue as exigências do código florestal do Brasil, no que concerne às Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP). A última alteração da legislação municipal (lei complementar nº 250/2018) resultou na redução de 961.185,34 m2 das APP às margens dos recursos hídricos de Fortaleza (CE). Utilizando a sobreposição de mapas e visitas de campo, foram identificadas as alterações ocorridas nas APP em duas bacias hidrográficas da cidade de Fortaleza (CE), Brasil, ocorrendo reduções após a lei complementar nº 250/2018.
Trends in Patient-Centered Care in South West Nigeria: A Holistic Assessment of the Nurses Perception of Primary Healthcare Practice
Authors: Lateef Adepeju M. , Mhlongo Euphemia M.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: A key dimension of a quality healthcare to patients is patient-centered care approach which is increasingly gaining recognition worldwide. However, this concept is not fully implemented in practice.

AIM: The aim of this study is to provide outcomes from assessment of nurses’ perceptions about patient-centered care and the current trends in Primary Health Care system in South West Nigeria.

METHODS: This study employed a qualitative participatory action research study approach and conducted a semi-structured individual interview with thirty-five nurses and four focus group discussions in Osun State South West Nigeria Primary Health Care centres.

RESULTS: Primary Health Care (PHC) nurses perceived and described patient-centered care (PCC) as a global approach to improve and enhance nursing care to foster patient participation. The narratives were categorised into two: positive and negative perception. Ten main themes emerged: (I) Attitude of the nurses (ii) Lack of enforcement and implementation, (iii) Experience of the nurses, (iv) Quality-Caring, (v) Effective communication with patient, (vi) Motivated and Proactive healthcare, (vii) Sharpen the form of care, (viii) Outcome and after-effect driven healthcare, (ix) Approved support, and (x) Guarantor of service and motivation.

CONCLUSION: Our participatory action research study on the assessment of nurses’ perception on the utilization of PCC at the PHC for effective and quality healthcare service revealed the importance of nurses’ role, acceptability of PCC and current nursing care practice at the Primary Health Care (PHC) rural community setting. Nurses as healthcare providers expressed PCC as a common and global approach that would enhance patient experiences and improves the quality of nursing healthcare delivery through integration of PCC and healthcare service at the PHC healthcare system.
A New Framework to Build a Touristic Strategy in Global Destination Management
Authors: Benvenuto Marco , Sambati Francesco V. , Viola Carmine
Published: April 2020

Globalization age led to creation of new markets and to unveil new scenarios. This contingency highlighted the existence of a broader range of tourist offerings; a factor which, frequently, has undermined the most traditionally established destinations. The model of new destinations must not ignore the peculiarities of territories on they insist creating a unique amalgam and differentiating it from other neighboring or similar destinations. Due to this proliferation of factors that destabilize the governance of tourism management models in the public and private sector, it is necessary to start an analysis of government indicators that consider peculiar aspects of destination management in the era of globalization. For these reasons we conducted an analysis of the business-economic literature about the themes of tourism and governance in tourist destinations and we selected a set of indicators to describe, assess and control extended, slow and sustainable destinations. In this work, we want to illustrate a heuristic approach to build glocal destination based on the pillars of extended, slow and sustainable tourism. From the results of the literature analysis it will be possible to create a framework to build a tourist strategy in glocal destination management, useful to implementation of territorial tourism strategies for both institutional, public and private actors. The use of the key factors of the model could favor the insertion of new tourist routes respecting the cornerstones of the tourism ecosystem of sustainability.
Deep Stacked Auto-Encoder Network Based Tool Wear Monitoring in the Face Milling Process
Authors: Nguyen VanThien , Nguyen VietHung , Pham VanTrinh
Published: April 2020

Tool wear identification plays an important role in improving product quality and productivity in the manufacturing industry. The actual tool wear status with input cutting parameters may cause different levels of spindle vibration during the machining process. This research proposes an architecture comprising a deep learning network (DLN) to identify the actual wear state of machining tool. Firstly, data on spindle vibration signals are obtained from an acceleration sensor. The data are then pre-processed using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method to reveal the relevant outstanding features in the frequency domain. Finally, the DLN is constructed based on stacked auto-encoders (SAE) and softmax, which is trained with the input data on the vibration features of the respective tool wear state. This DLN architecture is then used to identify the actual wear statuses of machining tool. The experimental results from the collected data show that the proposed DLN architecture is capable of identifying actual tool wear with high accuracy.
Building intercultural sensitivity through foreign language learning – Teaching English in Poland Program (TEIP)
Authors: Nowakowska-Siuta Renata
Published: April 2020

Intercultural competence is listed more and more commonly, along with language and communication competences, as one of main goals of language education. Why are intercultural competences a vital resource for the contemporary human? During enculturation and socialization processes we learn not only how to behave, but also how to perceive and comprehend the conduct of others. These rules of perception and interpretation are sort of
filters, through which a person looks at the world, interprets it and, basing on these interpretations, forms attitudes and undertakes actions. Given the importance of this resource, comprising elements of intercultural education might be seen as a significant element of foreign language teaching and learning. The article focuses on the theoretical framework and practical features of Teaching English in Poland Program (TEIP), which has been established as a response to the need of developing intercultural competences among children and adolescents under the age of 18. The programme has been managed by The Kosciuszko Foundation since 1991. Teaching English during camps in Poland, linked with experiencing cultural differences between Polish teachers and students and voluntary teachers from the United States brings children and adolescents, as well as Polish teachers, a chance to thrive crucial social skills and competences such as better understanding of other person when trying to empathize and conceive their situation as the “Other”, as well as to recognize similarities and differences to one’s own culture. Intercultural education accompanying TEIP demands not only to provide knowledge and skills about society and culture in which the language to be acquired is used, but also to develop competences which are essential to gain adequate, open mindset towards “otherness” and “differences”.
The child and the family in frames of activities of Barnavernet organization. An attempt of evaluation from the Polish and Norwegian perspective
Authors: Czykwin Elżbieta
Published: April 2020

In the article, the author raises controversial questions concerning the functioning of the Norwegian institution Barnavernet, seen from both Polish and Norwegian perspectives. A diplomatic conflict, in which the Norwegian representatives recognized the Polish consul Sławomir Kowalski as persona non grata in Norway, constitutes a pretext for discussion. The main thesis of the article is the indication of the different and deep mental characteristics of Poles and Norwegians, which determine the image and evaluation of the institution’s functioning. It is constituted by: (1) the trust, especially bridging trust, significantly low in Poland and very high in Norway; (2) the very Polish “culture of complaining” staying in opposition to affirmativeness of Norwegians; (3) the act of giving more significance to the country while solving the family conflicts in Norway and leaving those conflict, especially the issues concerning children, in the area of responsibility of the family only; (4) mentality based and built on tradition and the past in Poland and the orientation directed towards the future in Norway; (5) high level of social consent to violence in Poland in opposition to Norway, where violence is additionally seen in more sophisticated and differentiated way. The latest research of brain physiologists concerning experiencing violence and fear by the child, especially in the early period of its life proves that the changes in the child’s brain have destructive, and what is even more important, permanent effect. In some way, this fact reinforces the practice of taking away children from their biological families. On the other hand, the trauma of being taken away is not noticed by the Norwegians. In a sense, the diplomatic conflict resulting in expulsion of the Polish consul from Norway can begin the freshening corrections in the functioning of this institution.
Love, youth or marriage? Comparative perspective of pictures of marriage, family and partnership in the eyes of polish and french students.
Authors: Wachowiak Anna
Published: April 2020

Family is one of the most important values in life of a man at every stage of his life, institution of moral development.
But it still undergo transformation .Everyone is a part of family, though this structure , which part
we consist of may be differ esentially.
What are imagination about successful family, what kind of family would like to have young people in France and Poland, does marriage it’s foundations or partnership, is it related with children and with how many children?
What is the attitude of responded students to homosexual relatinships, possibilities of raising children by them, cnditions of life of monoparental families, evaluations of others alternative form into marriagee and families, opinions about divorces, rising numbers of children born beyond formal marriages, and on the end-which is the course of contemporary marriage and family, this is the key questions asked franch and polish students.
The final part incudes conclusions, as the results of examined differences.
Assessing Selection Mechanisms in Charity Organizations Using Operational Research Methods
Authors: Witkowski Jakub
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to assess efficiency of verification policies used in charity organizations. Verification policy can be introduced to ensure that aid is granted only to people who are eligible for it. However, it bears costs for the program’s organizers. The paper provides a theoretical model assessing economic efficiency of ver ification policy using optimization and simulation methods. Depending on characteristics of the program one of three decisions might be optimal: granting aid without verification, granting aid only to positively verified people or not granting aid at all. Therefore, in order to make a decision about introducing verification policy charity organization should analyze parameters of the program such as: average amount of aid, average cost of verification and percentage of people eligible to obtain help in the program.
An Alternative to Partial Regression in Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Spatial Autoregressive Panel Data Model
Authors: Olejnik Alicja , Olejnik Jakub
Published: April 2020

In this paper an alternative procedure to partial regression is introduced. The presented procedure can be used in maximum likelihood estimation of spatial autoregressive model. Under certain assumptions on the dimension of certain invariant space associated with spatial weight matrix a feasible procedure is formulated, which can be used to handle large class of fixed effect designs. This is done at the expense of possibly decreased number of degrees of freedom in the Gaussian log likelihood function. Additionally, a statement on asymptotic behaviour of presented estimator is given.
Economic polarization in Poland
Authors: Panek Tomasz
Published: April 2020

The aim of this article is the evaluation whether social and economic policy implemented after the Polish accession to the European Union led to a reduction in income disparities of households in Poland. Variations of those disparities were analyzed by assessing changes in the degree of economic polarization. In addition, changes in income inequality were evaluated. Analyses of changes in the degree of income polarization and income inequality of households in Poland were carried out for the years 2000—2014. In the analysis of the polarization process polarization indices were applied and changes in income inequality were analyzed using inequality coefficients.
The role of new towns in the local socio-economic development
Authors: Konecka-Szydłowska Barbara , Perdał Robert
Published: April 2020

The aim of the research presented in this article is to determine the role of new towns created in Poland within 1989—2015. The study is focused on the analysis of socio-economic development of such cities, mainly as local labour markets, with particular emphasis on the scale of people commuting to work. For the purpose of this analysis i.a. a method of taxonomic measure of development was adopted (the creation of the measure is based on the estimation of the distance to the ideal solution). The study was carried out on the basis of the Local Data Bank resources provided by the CSO, as well as own esearch and works performed by other authors.
The results of conducted research showed that the impact of the new cities on
the creation of socio-economic relationship increases significantly when the centre has a well-developed economic base with public services of supra-local importance, which stimulates the development of other socio-economic links, e.g. service and trade. Furthermore, the role of large urban agglomerations in the socio-economic activation of people living in new small towns was outlined.
Spatial differentiation of GDP and unemployment in Poland and Italy with its determinants
Authors: Pastuszka Sławomir , Tokarski Tomasz
Published: April 2020

The paper aims to identify the scale of spatial differentiation of GDP per capita and unemployment rate in Poland and Italy, as well as to indicate changes in the differentiation trends. The research was carried out at the level of Polish voivodships and Italian regions, forming the territorial units NUTS 2. The elementary methods of descriptive statistics and spatial econometrics (fixed effects) were applied for the research purpose. Data for the years 2002—2014, published by the CSO, Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat) and Eurostat, were used for the analysis.
The results of the research show that Poland and Italy are characterized by a similar, high level of regional diversity of GDP per capita. On the other hand, differences in the level of unemployment among Italian regions are much higher than among Polish voivodships. It was also stated that the differences in examined macroeconomic measures within the two countries are increasing, which in turn can lead to growing inter-regional disparities in the level of development.
60 years of ”Statistical News”
Authors: Łazowska Bożena , Łagodziński Władysław Wiesław
Published: April 2020

The article aims at presenting a synthetic overview of the ”Statistical News” genesis, its scientific editorial board and the profile of topics covered over its 60-year existence. It provides also the picture of the future scenario of the journal, focusing on the way of its dissemination. In the contextual analysis of the journal, apart from its content, the annotated bibliographic records published in a multivolume series Bibliografia wydawnictw GUS within 1968—2016 were used along with the resources of the Stefan Szulc Central Statistical Library and biographical compilations of the Polish statisticians.
Development assistance of France for African countries
Authors: Andrzejczak Katarzyna , Kliber Agata
Published: April 2020

The paper analyses the official development assistance provided by France to African countries within 2001—2012. The term official development assistance is understood as financial flows directed by the institutions of donor countries to a certain group of countries and multilateral institutions in order to support the progress and prosperity of developing countries. The aim of the study is to verify whether the criteria for granting financial support declared by the donors (in here: France) and determined by the Millennium Development Goals (defined by the UN General Assembly in 2000), are covered by actual financial flows.
Data concerning the volume of the development assistance within 2001—2012 were analysed in the following subgroups of countries: the ones which were and were not historical colonies as well as countries with and without natural resources. For each subgroup, a panel model with fixed effects was estimated. It was stated that although mainly the development issues and anti-poverty campaign are postulated by the French foreign policy, the recipients structure of development assistance provided by France is largely dependent on the common colonial past, energy sources potential (oil, gas, uranium), migration level as well as bilateral trade exchange.
Assessment of retirement benefits in the European countries
Authors: Jajko-Siwek Alicja
Published: April 2020

The aim of the research presented in the article is to characterize retired persons who receive benefits ensuring the maintenance of existing living conditions. The research was conducted with the use of selected data mining methods, such as classification trees, multivariate correspondence and cluster analysis. The paper includes socio-demographic and economic factors, i.e. sex, household type, retirement age, health status and type of pension scheme. The research was conducted on the basis of data from the project ”Share 50+ in Europe”.
The presented results allow to identify beneficiary who is not threatened by the so-called pension gap which means the inability to maintain an earlier standard of living due to insufficient retirement benefits.
Conditions and results of hunting activity in Poland by voivodships
Authors: Śliwicki Dominik
Published: April 2020

The aim of the article is to distinguish voivodships with similar conditions and results of hunting activities. As a research tool, the technique of linear sorting and grouping of multi-feature objects was used. The survey was conducted using the data on hunting for 2015 published by CSO. For the selection of diagnostic variables included in the construction of the rankings and groups of voivodships the parametric Hellwig method was used.
Similar outcomes were obtained as a result of the research conducted by two methods with various ways of diagnostic variables normalization and different design of development measures, both in terms of ordering and isolating groups of voivodships.
Verification of the typical ratio between both the number of households and business entities (quantum satis) for selected countries
Authors: Hozer Józef , Machała Szymon
Published: April 2020

There is a G = αX ratio between the number of households (G) and the number of business entities (X), where α equals 5.00 for well-developed countries. The aim of the study was to verify this proportion (called ”quantum satis”) for countries with significant number of population in the period of 2010—2016. It involved countries such as Brazil, Canada, China, India, Poland, Russia and the USA on the basis of data obtained from the statistical offices websites and the OECD. The formulas of the regression function were used in the research. In 2016 such proportion was reached by Russia and China. For the economies of highly developed countries the value of α may be less than 5,00, which is influenced by processes such as outsourcing, entrepreneurship and economic liberalism (such countries include i.a. the USA and Canada).
Application of survival analysis method for the examination of unemployment leaving forms
Authors: Bieszk-Stolorz Beata
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this article is to present selected methods of the survival analysis to evaluate the probability of leaving unemployment for the various types of competing risks. Complement to the unity of the Kaplan-Meier estimator, cumulative incidence function and cumulative conditional probability were used in the study. With these three estimators, the probability of deregistering caused by undertaking work, refusal and other causes were compared. The analysis was based on data from the Powiat Labour Office in Szczecin.
Aleksander Kroński’s Theory of Local Government
Authors: Jesiołowski Kamil
Published: April 2020

The main aim of this article is to present the original concept of local goverment, coined by Polish jurist Aleksander Kroński. The Author has analyzed the theses contained in the book Theory of Local Government in the context of legal and philosophical debate concerning the Polish political system during the interwar period. Furthermore, in the paper the Author has developed Kroński’s views on the history of the local government indicating that the idea of self-governance might be plausibly intertwined with various of political doctrines. It was also concluded that due to its expressed stance on the human
nature, community and individual rights the above-mentioned theory might be found as inspiring nowadays too.
Terms of seller’s liability for the sale of a false cultural object
Authors: Gredka-Ligarska Iwona
Published: April 2020

This study includes analysis of the terms of a seller’s liability for the sale of a false cultural object or monument. In the introductory part, attention was paid to the phenomenon of forging cultural objects with a view to marketing counterfeits, which, in reference to monuments, constitutes the offense of forgery threatened by fine, restriction of liberty or imprisonment up to 2 years (Art. 109a of the Act of 23.07.2003 on the protection and care of monuments, Dz. U. No.
162, item 1568, as amended). Further in the study, attention was drawn to the fact that for the determination of terms of civil law liability of a seller – including sellers of forged cultural objects – key importance attaches to the differentiation between defective performance, which triggers liability under statutory warranty, and provision of another object, which does not amount to performance of an obligation at all. Emphasis was put on the importance of the opinion that the decisive factor for the determination of the seller’s liability regime in case of provision of an object other than agreed is the act of acceptance of performance. The considerations were made from the perspective of interests of a forged cultural object’s buyer. As a result, it was indicated that for the buyer the optimal solution is to exercise, in the first place, the right to withdraw from the sale
contract under the provisions on statutory warranty and, only where this is impossible, to invoke the construction of error, as defined in Art. 84 of the Civil Code.
Calibration approach in the tracer study on the example of the Staff for Economy project
Authors: Klimanek Tomasz , Szymkowiak Marcin
Published: April 2020

The aim of the research is to present the application of calibration approach in the tracer study of the Poznań University of Economics and Business graduates conducted within the ”Staff for Economy” project and partnered by the Statistical Office in Poznań. The obligation to carry out tracer studies was imposed on universities by the legal acts concerning the process of monitoring graduates professional careers. The most important problem in the research was nonresponse of monitored graduates, which influenced the results obtained due to non-random error. The use of calibration applied in representative surveys to correct weights resulting from the sampling scheme showed, by choosing the appropriate auxiliary variables, how the negative impact of the lack of response can be reduced in full graduates tracer study. The article presents in detail the scope of research and theoretical basis of calibration. It describes also the use of auxiliary variables in the creation of calibrated weights which could then be included in the tabulation process and graphical presentation of results. Additionally, the article raises the issues of assessing the precision of estimation results.
COMMENTARY JUDGEMENT OF NACZELNY SĄD ADMINISTRACYJNY OF 14 DECEMBER 2010; REF. ACT I OSK 1155/10
Authors: Majewska Patrycja
Published: April 2020

This commentary discusses the issue of the form of merging cases by a public administration body in the course of proceedings. The provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure do not specify in which form is to decide on the combination of cases. The author shares the view of the Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny according to which it can be assumed that the public administration body would do so in the form of an unjustified resolve, but there is no such obligation. Therefore, the lack of a resolve on the combination of cases initiated by the applicant’s claims does not constitute violation of the law.
Assessment of households living standard by voivodships — meanders of taxonomic analysis
Authors: Czech Artur , Słaby Teresa
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of the household living standards research based on the analysis of consumption expenditure by voivodships. The research was conducted with the exception of voivodship capitals as they are national development centers with higher consumption. The assessment of the level and structure of consumption in the Mazowieckie voivodship made the authors narrow the scope of data, which showed a significant overestimation of the results due to the presence of Warsaw in the dataset. Taxonomic analysis methods in the form of classical and order measure were used in the research. The analysis was based on the set of characteristics generated on the basis of data for 2014 from the Household Budget Survey carried out by the CSO. Particular attention was paid to the households expenditure for which the need of aggregate variable construction was emphasized, related to leisure time spending as one of the living standard measure.
Changes in migration behaviour in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship
Authors: Gierańczyk Wiesława , Krajewska Milena
Published: April 2020

Migrations reflect spatial adaptation of the population to changing socio-economic conditions. The aim of the research is to compare migration behaviour in 2002 and 2014 in the gminas of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship and to distinguish the migration types with the typograph method proposed by Długosz (1992).
The research showed that the majority of gminas in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship, especially those located on the outskirts of the region, were of emigration nature. The gminas of immigration nature were located in the central part of the voivodship, however in this region the direction of migration from the capitals of the voivodship was maintained.
Effectiveness of higher education didactic activity
Authors: Brzezicki Łukasz
Published: April 2020

The aim of this article is to assess the effectiveness of Polish higher education didactic activity in the academic year 2014/15 in the context of demographic changes and internationalisation of higher education. The research was conducted using the SBM-Min and SBM-Max models of non-parametric DEA method, based on the CSO data. Depending on the chosen model the value of revenues from educational activities or the number of teachers was assumed as the expenditure of a higher school, and the number of students or graduates as the effects. The results indicate that the majority of the examined units were more effective in the model SBM-Max than SBM-Min. A group of public higher education institutions is effective and consistent with each other to a considerable extent.