bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P02-252 - Conception of Multiple-Factor Analysis of Social Behavior of Mental Patients
Authors: Kondratiev F.
Published: June 2010

Social behavior - expression of self “I am” in social activities. Personality and activity - related terms and a link - sense. Adequacy of social behavior means proper insight of the meaning of the role and position of self “I am” in this activity (“I am conception”, self-consciousness), and sense of the situation.

Insight of the reasons of the social behavior differences of mental patients needs systematic multiplefactor analysis. It is always due to combination of three factors: “Syndrome”, “Personality” and “Situation”, hierarchy of them may change according to illness's dynamic.

Factor “Syndrome”, means concrete psychopathology that forms in its integral a new “I am” conception (self-consciousness) of a person. Manifestations of this psychopathologic integral are expressed in inadequate acceptations, mutilated casual attributions that determine new sense of the role and position of self “I am” in the situation and the sense of the situation itself. All that forms corresponding behavior motivations that are apart from the demands of the real situation.

Factor “Personality” determines concrete direction of the action in different situations, reflecting constant moral features of the self-consciousness and actual “I am” conception.

Factor “Situation” characterizes different demands to the patient's abilities in forming goals and activities in order to reach them. In the aspects of corrupted self-consciousness, senses of these goals are mutilated.

Initial position “I am” during the action in concrete situation presents actual self-consciousness in this period. Factor “Syndrome” can bloke, distort or just weaken self-consciousness adequacy of a person in the situation of action.
P02-253 - Change in Self-Injurious Behaviour: Patients ‘Perspectives
Authors: Kool N. , van Meijel B. , Bosman M.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Patients and care providers have difficulty getting control of self-injurious behaviour. Nonetheless, there are patients who have succesfully stopped self-injury.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to gain understanding of the process of stopping self-injury and to identify the determinants contributing to that achievement.

Methods

Semi structured interviews were conducted with twelve women with a long history of severe self-injurious behaviour who eventually succeeded in stopping that behaviour. The data were analysed based on of the Grounded Theory Method.

Results

It was found that the process of stopping self-injury consists of six phases:

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the phase of connecting and setting limits: feelings perceived as unsafe are explored, and ways of strengthening feelings of safety are pursued. This sense of safety allows patients to reach out more to others and themselves;

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the phase of increased self-esteem with a further deepening of contact with the self;

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the phase in which patients “learn to understand” themselves: increased self-understanding makes patients realise they can control their own lives;

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in the phase of autonomy patients make active choices to increase control of their lives and immediate environment;

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the phase of stopping self-injury: learning and using alternative strategies other than self-injury to cope with unbearable feelings;

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the phase of maintenance focuses on preventing a relapse into self-injurious behaviour.

Contact was identified as key to all phases of the process

Conclusions

Interventions should focus on making contact, encouraging people who self-injure to develop a positive self-image and learn alternative behaviour.
P02-258 - Theory of Mind and Borderline Personality Disorder : a Pilot Study
Authors: Moncany A.-H. , Cailhol L. , Bui E. , Grèzes J. , Schmitt L. , Birmes P.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To examine the theory of the mind (TOM) in BPD patients.

Methods

Fifteen BPD patients (age>18) meeting criteria for BPD were compared to 16 healthy matched controls on two measures of TOM: mental state decoding (MSD) and mental state reasoning (MSR). MSD is the ability to perceive social cues (faces expression, voices) while MSR is the ability to infer on mental states with experiment, learning, context. MSR was measured by the faux pas recognition task assessing the ability to identify a faux pas in a social situation (range 0-60) and a comic strips task measuring the ability to infer intention (range 0-28). MSD was assessed by a video task reporting the ability to infer false belief and intention of deceit on visual motor action. Depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory) and axis II comorbidity traits (Personality Disorder Questionnaire-4+) were also assessed.

Results

Mean (SD) age was 26.0 (4.1) and two participants were of male gender (6.5%). BPD patients scored significantly lower than controls on the both MSR measures: faux pas task mean (SD) scores of 46.6(14.1) vs 58.0(2.8) (p=0.002) and comic strips mean (SD) scores of 26.1(1.5) vs 27.4(1.3) (p=0.001). No significant differences were found on the video task. Multivariate analyses showed that faux pas score was predicted by BPD diagnosis independently from level of depressive symptoms, history of hypomanic episode, schizotypic and antisocial personality disorder traits (F=4.32, df=6, p< 0.01).

Conclusions

BPD is associated with a TOM deficit on mental state reasoning tasks even after controlling for confounding variables.
P02-263 - Are Character and Temperament Traits Determinants of Quality of Life in Healty Subjects?
Authors: Yazici E. , Yazici A.B. , Aydin N. , Kirpinar I.
Published: June 2010

Objective

One of the important purposes of health interventions is to enhance the quality of life (QOL). In mental health practice quality of life is related to disorders and treatment but also identification of high-risk group in healty subjects for lower QOL is necessary. Personality disorders in choronic diseases are reported to be related with lower QOL. In this study we investigated how character and temperament effect quality of life (QOL) in ‘healthy’ people.

Methods

70 healthy subjects (32 women, 38 men) with no physical and psychiatric diagnosis assessed with SCID-I are included to the study. They were examined using Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and WHO-QOL-Brief.

Results

Harm Avoidance (HA) and Reward Dependence (RD) scores was negatively correlated with Physical Health domain of QOL. Self directedness (SD) scores were positively correlated environmental domains of QOL (p< 0.05). Marital status was associated with QOL as singles had higher QOL in physical, psychological and environmental domains (p< 0.05). In multiple linear regression models; HA and RD predicted lower Physical Health and marital status predicted Environmental Health scores of QOL.

Conclusion

In this study SD had significant correlations with environmental domains of QOL and higher HA and RD scores predicted lower QOL scores in Physical Health. With a bigger sample size all associations may occur clearly so an underground to identify risky temperament and character traits for lower QOL may be provided.
P02-268 - Impating Spiritual Practices Enhances Recovery from Anxiety Related Disorder
Authors: Acharya A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

In 1808 German physician coins the term “Psychiatry”. Before that Doctors treating mental patients were termed “‘Allienist Doctor”, as the patients were kept in allination in that era. Before that in ancient times Hippcrates 460-377B.C identify epilepsy derives from brain, Plato387B.C teaches brain is the seat of mental disorders. Philophers or the religious monks tackled the behavioral problems or wories or the hopelessnes of suffered soul by their deeper insight as to the cause of sorrow or sufferings and the way towards relief from them. Lord Buddha Founder of Buddhisim admitted “Attachement is the cause of all evils”. Bhagbat geeta the epic of Hindu myhthology teaces on an unattached form of work, dperform the works as duty and never impart “self sensce”. as the They echoed on indefinity of soul in the life & which cannot be destroyed by fire, death or hit by any way. The seat of a divine soul inside the human body makes the definite body “infinity”.

Objectives

Amalgammation of spiritual ideas and practices may help in the recovery of minor mental stresses & some disorders Is ascertained here.

Methods

72 patients (44 male & 28 females in the age range of 24-46,. ), those were suffering from anxiety disorders GAD and Ac. Panic disorders were mached against an equal number of other 72 patents as per ICD_10.1st group recieves spiritual philoshopy and practices for 10 minuteseach day.

Results

Fast recovery & sustainicity in the 1st gr.were observed against the control gr. who receives drug alone.

Conclusion

Imparting philoshopy or spirituality helps in recovery of mental state.
P02-274 - The Robotics Intervention and the Clinical Approach Towards of New Paradigms?
Authors: Schweitzer M. , Puig-Verges N.
Published: June 2010

For a long time robotics remained linked to the field of research because the reference to robotics still conveyed either illusions about anticipate events or fears and distrusts. The science of robotics does not limit itself any more to research laboratories and developed into multiple fields of social and economic activity; we assist to the emergence of robotics humanoid dealing directly with mankind and contributing to a constructive approach of knowledge.

Trying a sanitary field approach with the intervention with autistic children and also with diverse forms of the handicap, robotics does not limit itself any more to interventions with productivity aim, but penetrated henceforth the field of the social practices as therapeutic steps, so contributing to the emergence of new purposes.

In such a context, because she is intended for the recognition, in the identification and in the expression of the feelings, the robotics intervention presupposes an intentionality of interactivity communicational. The socio-adaptive approach underlies questions not only on the purpose of the clinical approach but also on the sense) attached to the clinical relation (phenomenological approach). The implications of robotics will constitute new social practices or they will contribute to the construction and to the diversification of clinical references,giving place to the emergence of new paradigms mobilized by the interactive approach and the cognitive reference.

The Comparative Clinical Epistemology approach contributes to the different levels of analysis being deconstructed by the robotics intervention: the construction of a new cognition or the disappearance of the reference to individual experience.
P02-278 - Factors Determining Admission to Psychiatric Hospitalization in Psychotic Patients
Authors: de la Vega Sánchez D.C. , Sanchez Paez P. , Garcia Dorado M. , Duran Cristobal M.I. , Perez-Templado Ladron De Guevara J. , Regidor Bonafonte A. , Gomez Soler M.R. , Manzanero Estopiñan R. , Chinchilla Moreno A.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

One of the most important prognostic factors in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia is the number of hospitalizations they need during their life. In this work we describe risk factors which determinate psychotic relapse.

Methods

Retrospective review of the clinical histories of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who needed hospitalization during the year 2008 using Hospital Ramon Cajal's history software. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software 15.0 version.

Results

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Socio-demographic: We collected a total of 57 patients, 60% were men and 77,2% were single who lived with their families. 52,8% only had Primary education and 14% had been to University. 38,6% were pensioner and 12,3% workers.

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Risk factors: 54,4% had abandoned their medication, 7% had had recent modifications in their medication, and 35,1% received long acting antipsychotic. 42,1% were identified as substance users.

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40,4% had been diagnosed with schizophrenia more than three years ago; 57,9% had had less than 3 previous hospitalizations, and 54,4% need hospitalization the previous year.

Conslusions

Male under 30 years old have more risk of needing more hospitalizations. The main risk factor for suffering new psychotic episodes is the medication nonadherence, modifying medication only causes new episodes in few patients. Patients receiving long-acting antipsychotic agents suffer less psychotic relapse. Substance abuse among schizophrenia patients is a major complicating factor since almost half of the hospitalizations are related to it.
P02-279 - Assessement of Preventive and Promotion Activities in the Mental Health Area in Slovenia
Authors: Dernovsek M. , Sprah L.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to assess the preventive and promotion activities in the mental health area in 12 Slovenian regions. In addition, some of sociodemographic and health indicators related to increased probability of mental health problems were analysed in order to estimate the amount of preventive/promotion programmes in the regions with highest threats to mental health.

Methods

301 mental health services have been assessed according to their promotion and preventive activities in the mental health area. Services were surveyed according to their implemented activities, prevention types, funding sources, target groups, addressed risk and preventive factors and available staff at services.

Results

98% of assessed services were involved in one or more preventive and/or promotion activity. The selective primary prevention approach prevailed, whereas services mainly focused on major mood disorders and addiction. The most common types of activities were: individual / group counselling, lecture, workshop and media appearance, where the plan of support, interpersonal conflicts and organised lifestyle as addressed risk and protective factors predominated. In the preventive/promotion programmes were the most represented social workers, psychologists and volunteers. In the contrast with the scarcity of activities in Zasavska and Savinjska region, the most abundant choice of programmes was found in Osrednjeslovenska and Obalno-kraška region.

Conclusions

Our study indicated that considerable differences appeared between Slovenian regions in the view of diversity and extent of preventive / promotion activities since availability and variety of this activities were particularly scarce in the regions with highest threats to mental health.
P02-288 - The Relation of Alexithymia, Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality to Eating Disorder Tendency in Japanese Female Adolescents
Authors: Morita M.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

This study examined how alexithymia subscales, depression and obsessive-compulsive personality(OCP) relate to eating disorder tendency (EDT) in non-clinical Japanese female adolescents.

Methods

A self-report questionnaire survey was conducted on 393 Japanese female adolescents (273 undergraduates and 120 college students, mean age=19.9yrs, SD=1.4).

Results

A stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted, indicating that “difficulty in identifying feelings”(DIF) (β=.17, p< .01) and “difficulty in describing feelings” (DDF) (β=−.15, p< .01), which are factors of alexithymia, depression (β=.30, p< .001) and OCP (β=.14, p< .05) predicted EDT. Depression had the strongest effect on EDT, with DIF the second strongest. Surprisingly, DDT had a significantly negative effect on EDT.

Conclusions

First, prevention and therapy of eating disorder should focus on depression, difficulty in identifying feelings, and obsessive-compulsive personality. Second, one aspect of discontinuity between clinical and non-clinical females with high risk of eating disorder was implied: Non-clinical females with high risk of eating disorder may tend to describe at least superficial feelings frequently, if not deep or real feelings with introspection. Further, the possibility of describing may work as a preventive factor for non-clinical females with high risk of eating disorder against suffering from clinical eating disorder.

Table 1:

Results of stepwise multiple regression analysis predicting EDT

 βDepression,30***OCP,14*DIF,17**DDF−15**R2,17***

*p<.05 **p<.01 ***p<.001
P02-291 - The Influence of Group Psychotherapy to Crisis Frangibility and Coping Style in Community Residents
Authors: Weidong J. , Guoquan Z. , Wenli F. , Yunqing G. , Jun W. , Hong Z. , Hao C.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To understood the influence of group psychotherapy to crisis frangibility and coping style in community residents,seek the methods and value of community psychological coping intervention,and provide the basis of psychological theory and practice for the work of community mental health.

Methods

The scale of crisis frangibility and BCQ were employed to evaluate and compare the mental state before and after intervention.

Results

:

1)

Crisis frangibility of residents was negatively correlated with positive coping,positively correlated with negative coping.

2)

After group psychotherapy,scores of scale for crisis vulnerability and negative coping droped.

3)

Through the regression model analysis, the linear relationship between positive coping factor and the crisis vulnerable is closest.

Conclusion

Group psychotherapy in community is a effective method to reduce resident's crisis frangibility,and the setup of experimental model has provided the theory and the practice basis for development psychology counseling in community.
P01-409 - Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDS) in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Kaufman K.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

The pharmacologic interface between psychiatry and neurology is AEDs as they are utilized to treat both epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. Further, AEDs are commonly utilized to treat pain disorders. Thus, AEDs are primarily prescribed for treatment of psychiatric and pain disorders, not for treatment of epilepsy. The choice of which AEDs neurologists will utilize in treatment of epilepsy is most often premised on the classic benefits/risks/alternatives equation; however, consideration should be given to psychiatric co-morbidities and which AEDs might best serve patients in both maximizing seizure control and minimizing psychiatric symptoms as patients with epilepsy (PWE) have a 50-80% lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders with a three-to-five-fold increased risk of suicide compared to the general population. This overview of AED treatment of psychiatric disorders with inclusion of labeled and off-labeled uses can serve as a guide for neurologists and psychiatrists in better treating psychiatric co-morbidities in PWE.

Methods

Literature review.

Results

Of 16 AEDs reviewed, clinical studies have addressed > 30 possible uses; however only 5 AEDs (benzodiazepines, carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, and pregabalin) have received FDA/EMEA psychiatric indications. Most studies are uncontrolled case reports, open-label case series, and underpowered randomized controlled trials with methodological flaws. Regardless of the limited approved indications and in some instances negative pivotal trials, AEDs continue to be utilized adjunctively or in monotherapy treatment for a plethora of psychiatric diagnoses.

Conclusions

AEDs are pivotal in treating psychiatric co-morbidities in PWE. Further placebo-controlled (augmentation and monotherapy) parallel-arm research with active-comparators is required in this complex field.
P03-316 - Gender Differences in the Extrapyramidal Side Effects of Antipsychotic Medication
Authors: Anagnostakis K. , Dex G.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The pathophysiology of extrapyramidal side effects of typical antipsychotic drugs and the role of gender as a risk factor is poorly understood.

Objectives

To elucidate the role of gender and the oestrogen hypothesis in extrapyramidal side effect severity.

Aims

To investigate gender differences in side effects of antipsychotic drugs and explore the role of oestrogen levels in side effect severity.

Methods

25 women and 23 men with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were examined for side effects using the Extrapyramidal Side Effects Rating Scale (ESRS), the Simpson Angus Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects and the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS).

Results

Higher antipsychotic doses and use of anticholinergics were noted in males.Women had higher ESRS scores and Simpson Angus scores. Men had higher mean scores for AIMS and the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale. Age was significantly correlated with scores on ESRS, AIMS and Simpson Angus Rating Scale. There was a highly significant correlation between ESRS score and absence of a regular menstrual cycle. No association with age or antipsychotic dose was found between the groups. Women without a regular cycle scored significantly higher on Simpson Angus Rating Scale. Women with regular cycles scored significantly higher on Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale. There was no difference in AIMS score between the groups. No significant difference was found on any measure between women who were in the high and low oestrogen phases of the cycle.

Conclusions

Gender, age and the presence of a menstrual cycle should be considered when prescribing antipsychotic medication.
P03-318 - Paroxetine and Hyperprolactinemia: a Case Report
Authors: Arroita A. , Barreiro A. , Pacheco L.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Paroxetine is a SSRI, widely used nowadays for treating diverse psychiatric pathologies, such as anxiety disorders, affective disorders… It is well known by clinician that paroxetine used is doses between 10-50 mg has evident benefits in the therapeutic process.

Different adverse effects are commonly expected when using paroxetine, and some other side effects are considered rare, meaning that are shown in 1 or more every 10.000 patients but less than 1/1000.

Materials and methods

Comprehensive review of the scientific literature (Medline, Psychoinfo, Medex) on hyperprolactinemia secondary to SSRI treatments published over the last years.

Results

This is a case report of a 32 year-old- female treated with paroxetine, suffering from panick attacks frequently in the context of an anxiety disorders. After 2 years she quited consuming cocaine in 2007.

The patient after a couple of months being treated with paroxetine observes lactation, galactorrhea, and amenorrea.

Analysis were done, in the beginning an increase in prolactine levels was found, after changing the treatment although prolactine levels were lowering the galactorrhea persisted in time.

Before considering paroxetine as a factor, she started to be studied in a fertilization program, where she still is.

Conclusions

Galactorrhea cases with tricyclic antidepressants, as well as with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are rarely reported. The observed lactation is presumed to be secondary to a drugmediated increase in prolactine levels. This is the report of a case of hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea following treatment with paroxetine in a young female with an anxiety disorder.
P03-320 - Patients' Understanding of the Role of Anticholinergic Drugs in Their Treatment: Findings from an Outpatient Clinic in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Atilola O. , Makanjuola V.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To determine how informed psychiatric outpatients are about the role of anticholinergic drugs in their treatment.

Methods

Using a clinician-administered questionnaire designed by the authors; socio-demographic data and views about the role of Benzhexol in their treatments were obtained from all patients whose case records showed that they were currently prescribed Benzhexol.

Results

98 patients met inclusion criteria, mostly males (n=54; 55.1%). The respondents were predominantly in the age range 25 - 44years (n=67; 68.4%) and single (n=52; 53%). Two-thirds had no more than secondary education. Though more than half of respondents reported having being on their current combination of drugs for more than 1 year, 34% could not give the names of any of their medications. A third reported not knowing the role of Benzhexol in their treatment and of those who claimed to know, 64% (n=42) gave responses that reflected no understanding. Majority (n=31; 74%) of such responses were adjudged to have potentially deleterious implications on their health and outcome. There was no statistically significant association between educational status and knowledge of the role of Benzhexol in patients’ treatment. Only 18% reported ever being educated about the role of Benzhexol in their treatment.

Conclusion

The study provides evidence that majority of the patients may not be well informed about important aspects of their treatment and that health workers may have neglected to educate them. It further calls for an urgent need to improve the patient-information aspects of service delivery in our clinics.
P03-322 - Effectiveness of Olanzapine in Patients with Schizofrenia
Authors: Bravo-Mehmedbasic A. , Kucukalic A. , Dzubur Kulenovic A. , Suljic E.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Olanzapine is a novel antipsychotic agent. It has a pleotrophic pharmacology and affects dopaminergic, serotonergic, muscarinic and adrenergic activities. The therapeutic advantage of recent antipsychotics (so-called atypical antipsychotics) has been attributed to alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist effects.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluated effectiveness of Olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

Study was designed for 8-week, observational study. 40 patients, both genders, aged 20-65 years, with diagnosed various types of schizophrenia were enrolled in the study as outpatient and inpatient setting. The patients had to have a total score ≥40 on Positive and Negative scale - two parts of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The efficacy parameter was the percent of score difference between baseline and week 8 of therapy on two above-mentioned PANSS subscales. The difference was considered as significant improvement if decrease from the baseline was 20% or more.

Results

All 40 enrolled patients completed the study. After the 8 weeks of treatment, 32/40 patients (80%) had clinically significant improvement of 20% or more decreased total PANSS score (Positive and Negative subscale). In 8/40 patients (20%) clinical improvement was also reported with < 20% decreased total PANSS score.

Conclusions

In this observational study olanzapine appears to be very good effectiveness in patients with schizophrenia.
P03-328 - Epilepsy in Individuals with Intellectual Disability in a Residential Centre in Dublin
Authors: Barrett E. , Mulryan N. , McLaughlin M. , Lane J. , Barrett C.M.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

There are no large scale studies on Epilepsy in populations with Learning disability in Ireland. As many as one fifth of these clients have epilepsy. Aggressive treatment may lead to diminishing returns in terms of symptomatic control, while causing unwanted effects.

1.

We aimed to quantify rates of epilepsy, aetiology and anti- epileptic drug (AED) use in our population.

2.

To look at degree of disability and correlation with AED use.

3.

To look at management/ quality of life issues using a validated instrument.

Methods

:

1.

Medline review using search terms Intellectual OR Learning difficult* OR Mental Retard* AND Epilepsy.

2.

Simple questionnaire used to identify all clients with Epilepsy. Database analysed using SPSS analysis.

3.

11 cases selected for review looking at qualitative aspects, using Semi structured interview and GEOS scale.

Results

·

210 patients found to have a history of epilepsy (42% of clients).

·

Multiple Aetiologies identified. Commonest known Aetiology: Trisomy 21.

·

Polypharmacy is common. Most commonly used AED: Sodium Valproate. Mean AED use: 1.595 (SD+- 1.077).

·

Clients with Trisomy 21 aged less than 40 tended to be on more medication (2.05, SD= +-1.38) than those over 40 years (1.43, SD= +- 0.89)

·

Greater concerns on qualitative measures regarding clients with refractory epilepsy or where epilepsy changed over time.

Conclusion

Our study highlights previously recognised changing patterns in aetiology of Learning Disability and also the changes over time in these clients. More study is required.
P03-331 - Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Associated with Olanzapine Therapy
Authors: Geka A.-E. , Avgeri V. , Psarra V. , Apatangelos D. , Garnetas C.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a rare and potentially lethal adverse reaction generally associated with typical antipsychotics. Cardinal features include muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, mental status changes, elevated CPK levels.

Methods

We report on a patient receiving olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, who developed NMS.

Results

A 31 year-old male with a 5 year history of paranoid psychosis, was successfully treated with olanzapine 15 mg per day. He was also receiving oxcarbazepine for epilepsy (1200 mg/ day) and also suffered from spastic congenital paraparesis. He was almost asymptomatic for 4 years. At some point there was a recurrence of his illness with restlessness and aggressive behaviour. The patient decided to receive additionally 5 mg of olanzapine,without consulting psychiatrist. Soon he developed hyperthermia, hypertonia and confusion. He was initially admitted in a general hospital with leukocytosis and elevated CPK levels (1999 U/L). Other laboratory examinations were within normal limits. He was treated with ceftriaxone and parenteric fluids. After 48 hours he was improved and olanzapine was reinitiated (10 mg/day), and a few hours later he developed fever (40' C), hypertonia, dysphagia, confusion, CGS: 7/15 and elevated CPK levels (4900 U/LT). He was then transferred to the Intensive Care Unit and received treatment for NMS with bromocryptine and dantrolene sodium. His temperature returned to normal in two days and in 6 days he was physically stable. Twenty days later he received treatment for psychosis with low dose quetiapine.

Conclusion

NMS characterized by muscular rigidity and fever may rarely occur with atypical neuroleptics, such as olanzapine.
P03-338 - The Effects of Baclofen on the Escalation of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior in Rats Selectively Bred for High and Low Saccharin Preference
Authors: Holtz N.A. , Anker J.J. , Carroll M.E.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Previous research has indicated that rats selectively bred for high and low saccharin preference exhibit differential drug-taking behavior within multiple phases of the animal model of human drug abuse. Namely, rats bred for high saccharin preference (HiS) show heightened vulnerability to addiction compared to rats bred for low saccharin preference (LoS). Prior research has also shown phenotypes that confer vulnerability to be more responsive to pharmacological interventions. For example, the GABA(B) agonist baclofen is more effective at blocking cocaine acquisition in female rats, who are typically more vulnerable to addiction, compared to males.

Objectives

To examine the differential effects of baclofen on the escalation of cocaine-seeking behavior in female rats bred for high and low saccharin preference.

Methods

HiS and LoS female rats were trained to administer cocaine (0.4 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) within daily 2-hr sessions under a fixed ratio (FR1) schedule until criteria for stability were met. Next, the escalation phase began in which daily session length was extended to 6-hrs for 21 days. Thirty minutes prior to session during this phase, one HiS and one LoS group of rats received baclofen injections (1.25 mg/kg) while one HiS and one LoS group received saline injections.

Results

Baclofen potentiated escalation of cocaine infusions in HiS rats compared to HiS rats treated with saline. Conversely, baclofen attenuated escalation in LoS rats.

Conclusions

While these results do not support the original hypothesis of the present study, they underscore the importance of considering vulnerability factors while treating human drug addiction.
P03-342 - The European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees Research Group; Initial Findings
Authors: Jauhar S. ,   European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) Research Group
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT), a trainee-led organisation, encompassing official representatives from 24 countries, set up a research group to foster trainee-led collaborative research, emphasising training and clinical practice.

Objectives

The first survey of the group assessed trainees’ treatment choices for patients and themselves, across psychiatric disorders, in addition to factors influencing decision-making and guideline use.

Methods

A web-based survey was piloted, and distributed to 16 European countries. For validity, a 50% response rate from a homogenous sample, with sample size 50 or more was required,

Results

12 countries met inclusion criteria.

(a)

Antipsychotic choice and factors influencing decision-making

93% (n=600) of respondents chose to prescribe 2nd Generation atypical antipsychotics for patients, and 89% (n=530) chose this treatment for themselves. 79% (n=458) of respondents felt efficacy was the most important factor influencing decision-making.

(b)

Mood stabiliser choice and factors influencing decision-making 41% (n=263) of trainees chose to prescribe lithium to patients, with 35% (n=224) stating they would wish to receive this themselves. 66% (n=538) of respondents felt perceived efficacy was the most important factor influencing decision-making.

(c)

Antidepressant choice and factors influencing decision-making 75% (n-461) of trainees would prescribe SSRIs to patients with a moderate depressive episode, 78% (n=438) wishing to receive SSRIs themselves. 67% (n=523) of respondents felt efficacy to be the most important determining facor.

Conclusions

Trainees are able to provide clinically-relevant research through trainee networks, and a number of decisions governing treatment do not appear to be based on current evidence.
P03-358 Clozapine May be the Answer: a Case Report of Elevated Serum Creatine Kinase in the Absence of NMS
Authors: Mohandas A. , Talwar N. , James A.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To highlight significant increase in serum creatine kinase(CK) without occurrence of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), during treatment with atypical antipsychotics (Olanzapine and/or Quetiapine) in a patient with paranoid schizophrenia and the absence of recurrence on treatment with Clozapine.

Methods

Clinical biochemistry data was collected at regular intervals to monitor the relevant changes in serum CK levels,of a patient with paranoid schizophrenia who was an inpatient in our low secure forensic psychiatric ward in 2008-09. We also did a literature search in Pubmed and Google with the key words ‘Increase in serum Creatine Kinase’ and ‘antipsychotics’.

Results

Our patient developed a significant increase in serum CK levels with Olanzapine and also Quetiapine without the occurence of NMS. The CK levels came back to normal on stopping these medications.Following this he was initiated on Clozapine and has remained stable for almost a year without a significant increase in serum CKlevels. There have been previous case reports on the use of Clozapine in patients with significant increase in CK secondary to other antipsychotics, without recurrence in elevation of creatine kinase.

Conclusions

Clinicians should be aware that Clozapine can be considered as a treatment option in patients presenting with (non NMS) significant increase in CK due to other antipsychotics. Clozapine has been known to cause Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and previous literature suggests Clozapine-induced NMS may present with fewer extrapyramidal side effects and a lower rise in Creatine Kinase levels.
P03-362 - Efficiency of Risperidone in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Popovic I. , Popovic V.
Published: June 2010

This prospective study was carried out on 53 in-patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia. Before the Risperidone treatment they were on the convenient antipsychotic therapy - haloperidol average doses 9.6 mg pro die, or Fluphenazine average 4.2 mg pro die.

The aim of the study was to follow up therapeutically effects of Risperidone, using PANSS scale for schizophrenia, during two months, by two- weeks visits.

Results

On average dose of Risperidone 5.1 mg pro die there was found 18.2% reduction on the Positive syndrome scale after two months. Negative syndrome scale showed improvement of 20.5%; General psychopathology scale was reduced for 15.7%. Finally, total PANSS score was reduced 17.2%. Results were also discussed according to sex, age, illness duration and schizophrenia type.

Conclusion

Therapeutically efficacy of Risperidone has been shown on the positive, as so as the negative schizophrenia symptoms. Better results were in disorganized form of schizophrenia then the paranoid form.
P03-366 - Effects of a Modified RTMS Stimulation Protocol: Contrasting the Efficacy of 800 and 2000 Daily Pulses
Authors: Richter K. , Scholz F. , Acker J. , Niklewski G.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

The Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of Nuremberg established rTMS as a standard tool in the treatment of patients with depressive disorder since 2001. The stimulation protocol was modified in October 2008 to match the current standard procedure reported in the literature. The pulse number was heightened form 800 to 2000 per proceeding. This study examines the effects of the modified stimulation protocol and contrasts the results with the former stimulation efficacy.

Methods

The authors compared patients suffering from depression, who were treated by rTMS with 800 pulses/day and with 2000 pulses/day. The results of psychological examinations (MADRS, HAMD, BDI, grading, cognitive screening) prior to and afterwards the three-weeks-rTMS-cycle were submitted. Variance analyses were used for statistical reason.

Results

The subsamples were comparable by sex, age, premorbid intellectual level as well as by self- and other-rated depression severity at treatment beginning. Statistical analyses showed a significant reduction of the depression symptoms in both stimulation protocol groups. Solely the HAMD score reduction in the 2000 pulse sample exceeded the decrease in the 800 pulse sample. Analogically the grading of human functions partly differed depending on the sample affiliation. Concerning the screening of cognitive functioning neither group was impaired.

Conclusions

rTMS still seems to be a well-functioning tool in the treatment of depressive disorders in the bounds of daily psychiatric health care. Although the modified stimulation protocol didn’t show many advantages in respect to improving depression symptoms, the results indicate the continual adjustment of the stimulation parameter to meet the current standards.
P03-374 - Disturbances of Functioning of Benzodiazepine Receptors on Platelets in Alcoholic Patients
Authors: Shushpanova T. , Semke V.
Published: June 2010

Recent observations on the steroid synthetic capability within the brain open the possibility that benzodiazepines may influence steroid synthesis in nervous tissue through interactions with peripheral-type benzodiazepine recognition sites, which are highly expressed in steroidogenic cells and associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane.

Methods

For the investigation well be study binding of 3H-PK11195 with mitochondrial membranes prepared from different brain regions and the binding of 3H-PK 11195 with peripheral blood trombocytes were separated from fresh blood.

Results

A comparative studies of 3H-PK11195 binding to PBR from brain cortex, caudatus and cerebellum in alcoholics (A) and non-alcoholics (NA) post-mortem showed that properties of PBR are not identical in different brain regions. The largest density of binding sites was found in brain cortex, the less one - in cerebellum and in nucleus caudatus (in A and in NA). The highest binding affinity for the PBR was found in nucleus caudatus than for PBR in brain cortex and in cerebellum (in A and in NA). Study of the properties of PBR in NA (non-alcoholic) and A (alcoholic) in different brain structures showed the reduction of the affinity and increasing of PBR binding sites in A. We found similar alterations of PBR in peripheral blood trombocytes that suggests close connection between central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptor systems

Conclusion

Complex central actions of ethanol could include effects on neurosteroid production mediated through peripheral types of benzodiazepine receptors located in mitochondrial membranes in nervous tissue and plasmatic membrane of trombocytes.
P03-376 - The Relevance of Doses for Comparing Haloperidol, Risperidone and Olanzapine
Authors: Fischer-Barnicol D. , Koch H. , Lanquillon S. , Haen E. , Leucht S. , Stoppe G.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

When comparing the efficay of antipsychotics in clinical studies it would be of high practical relevance to know which doses of the respective drugs would result in equivalent blocking of dopamine-D2-receptors. This study aimed to find clinically applicable dose equivalents for haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine.

Method

As the occurrence of EPS correlates closely with a blockade of about 80% or more of dopamin-D2-receptors the proportion of patients developing EPS in relation to various doses of either Haloperidol (n=5252), risperidone (n=5017) or olanzapine (n =5029) was calculated. This retrospective, observational study included 20.252 inpatients from 20 hospitals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders (ICD10 F20-25). The prescription of anticholinergic medication was utilized as surrogate parameter for the occurrence of EPS. OR, RR and NNH under different doses of AP were calculated and data entered into a probit model to predict the risk of EPS over a continuous dose range. For filtering the data ToscanaJ (FBA) was used.

Results

1.)

Same doses of risperidone and haloperidol induced the same proportion of EPS, reflected in a constant dose ratio of both drugs of ∼ 1:1 over the whole dose range.

2.)

Over the whole dose range there was no linear relation between olanzapine on one hand and haloperidol and risperidone on the other hand.

3.)

The results were corroborated by the probit analysis.

Conclusions

Previous clinical trials comparing olanzapine, risperidone and haloperidol found higher risks of EPS for Haloperidol. We propose a new model to calculate dose equivalents.
P03-380 - The Efficacy of Psychopharmacologic Treatment in Depressive Disorder Associated with Parkinson's Disease Dementia
Authors: Vasile D. , Vasiliu O. , Vasile M.L. , Bogdan V. , Badescu E. , Mangalagiu A.G. , Stanescu B. , Petrescu B.M.
Published: June 2010

Objective

To evaluate the comparative efficacy of 3 antidepressants, each representative of a distinct psychopharmacologic class, in the treatment of depressive disorders associated to Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD).

Methods

A group of 23 patients, mean age 72.1, diagnosed with PDD for at least 2 years, who were admitted in our department for a major depressive episode (DSM IV TR), received antidepressant treatment with escitalopram (mean dose 15 mg daily, n=7), duloxetine (mean dose 45 mg daily, n=8) or trazodone (mean dose 150 mg daily, n=8). All patients received treatment for PDD with rivastigmine or donepezil continuously, for at least 12 months. The distribution of patients on the antidepressant treatment was randomized, in a single-blind manner. Patients were evaluated monthly, for 6 months, using Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression- 17 items, Clinical Global Impression-Improvement and Mini Mental Status Examination.

Results

Patients treated with duloxetine had the most significant improvement in the depressive symptoms, as the endpoint MADRS (-18.6+/-2.3, p< 0.01), HAMD (-13.2+/-1.1, p< 0.01) and CGI-I (- 3.2+/-0.5, p< 0.01) scores reflected. The differences between escitalopram and trazodone didn’t reach a significant level but, overall, both improved the depressive symptoms compared to baseline (p< 0.05). The difference between duloxetine and the other two antidepressants became significant after 8 weeks (p< 0.01). The severity of dementia symptoms didn’t vary significantly between the three groups at endpoint.

Conclusion

Duloxetine had proven itself more efficient than escitalopram and trazodone in the improvement of the depressive symptoms in PDD.
P03-384 - Orexins: an Addicting Lesson in the Treatment of Dependence
Authors: Xiu P.Y. , Masand S. , Agius M. , Zaman R.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptides are produced by a cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus. They are central to a variety of functions, including promoting arousal and sleep, feeding and metabolism, addiction and regulating motivation. Deficiencies and over-activation in each of these functional systems have a great impact on the daily lives of millions. We need to apply the lessons learned from the current knowledge to potentially modulate them by pharmocological interference in a clinical setting.

Objectives

To analyse current experimental literature on the orexin pathways in reward and addiction; assessing potential molecular targets for pharmacological interference; reviewing clinical evidence already available.

Methods

PubMed - searched with MeSH term “orexin” or “hypocretin”, with additional terms; “addiction”, “stress”, “relapse”, “VTA”, “Nucleus Accumbens”, “treatment”.

Results

We outline all the important parmacological targets through which orexins have their effect via different downstream effectors. Moreover we propose that since orexins have an important interplay with corticotrophin-releasing-factor (CRF) in the role of stress-mediated drug-seeking behaviour; it is a ripe target for intervention. Novel, orally administered orexin antagonists, have potential to promote sleep and attenuate reward circuitry, however only within narrow therapeutic ranges.

Conclusion

Orexin functions are so wide-ranging that systemic orexin antagonism would cause detrimental side-effects, unless low enough doses are applied. Therefore molecule-specific and locationspecific down-stream targeting will be required, using knowledge of experimentally elucidated molecular mechanisms. Various orexin agonists and antagonists are available, and by understanding their mechanism of interaction we can potentially use them as a model for future treatments of addiction.
P02-293 - Non-Psychotic Mental Disorders with Hyperventilation Syndrome
Authors: Aksenova O.V. , Gutkevich E.V. , Epanchintseva E.M. , Maltsev V.S. , Ryadovaya L.A.
Published: June 2010

Objective

We investigated biological and clinical-genealogical peculiarities in families of patients suffering from non-psychotic mental disorders with disturbance of respiratory system function - hyperventilation syndrome (HVS).

Methods

We studied content of alveomucin in serum of blood of 43 patients from them 40 women and 3 men. Age was from 18 to 63 years. Genealogies of families of patients with indication of mental and somatic health of relatives were composed.

Results

In personal assessment of patients in 39 from 43 cases (90%) hysteric traits of various degree of severity. In 18 cases HVS was manifested as vegetative crises while in 25 cases disturbances of respiration were not abruptly expressed but permanent. Concentration of alveomucin in persons with hysteric disorders constitutes 20,87±1,85, in patients with adjustment disorders with predominance of depressive reactions this index is 24,91±3,36, what is somewhat higher of content of alveomucin in mentally healthy persons (20,21±4,17). In families of patients relatives of first degree with personal peculiarities and mental disorders have been revealed as well as somatic diseases of organs of respiratory system.

Conclusion

Non-psychotic mental disorders with disturbance of function of respiratory system are accompanied by increase of content of alveomucin in serum of blood of patients and mental peculiarities and diseases of respiratory system in nearest relatives.