bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of E-learning systems in technical universities
Authors: Musca Gavril , Mihalache Andrei Marius , Tabacaru Lucian
Published: July 2018

Electronic learning, distant learning, collaborative work, mobile learning and internet based learning concepts are ever more present in superior learning systems. At this date for study or for finding different information we may access different search engines (like Google) where we can consult information based websites, blogs or online tutorials. Elearning systems can be grouped in online systems that have no direct interaction between the students and the professor, face to face systems that use both electronic resources and student-professor interaction, selflearning systems based on blogs, tutorials, teaching programs or web based systems. We can safely assume that e-learning is rapidly growing and that many universities have online free platforms developed for aiding students. The technological leap of current industries poses new challenges for the traditional educational systems. Efforts are known and acknowledged for changing and enhancing the existent educational systems and the orientation towards online learning processes.
Static analysis of a torsion motor generating flexion - extension motions of the elbow
Authors: Deaconescu Tudor , Deaconescu Andrea
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the construction and static analysis of a rotation module responsible for conducting flexion-extension motions as part of a medical rehabilitation device of the elbow. The rotation module is actuated by a torsion motor consisting of a pair of agonist-antagonist pneumatic muscles. The study concerning the static behaviour of the rotation module draws upon similarity to the biological model, considering the influence of the neuronal control quantities on the forces developed by the two muscles.
Management elements for the spatial organization of enterprises from the metallic materials industry
Authors: Costoiu Mihnea , Ioana Adrian , Semenescu Augustin , Marcu Dragos , Polifroni Massimo
Published: July 2018

The spatial organization of enterprises is of great importance for the metallic materials industry (metallurgy), given the diversity and complexity of the technological processes and the related equipment. In an enterprise from the metallic materials industry, there may be sections for: production, casting, forging, mechanical (hot and / or cold) processing, assembly etc. for the different stages of the technological process related to the products to be made. The article presents theoretical and practical elements regarding the management of the spatial organization of enterprises in the metallic materials industry. The principles and methods of spatial organization are presented and analyzed. These principles and methods are based on the biunivocal relation between the functional and constructive changes related to the technologies and equipment (machinery, aggregates) specific to the metallic material industry. Prescribing (establishing) the objective function (OF) of the technological processes modeling system in the metallic materials industry is based on the qualitative - economic analysis of these processes.
Research on improving water quality using two experimental statistical methods
Authors: Ţîţu Mihail Aurel , Sandu Andrei Victor , Ceocea Costel , Pop Alina Bianca , Ţîţu Ştefan , Matia Alexandra Maria
Published: July 2018

This scientific paper addresses the importance of water treatment process until it becomes drinkable, studying the treatment process from different points of view that are considered to be relevant. The choice of this subject was motivated by the water consumption importance for the entire population, the scientific paper proposing to study in what way this water treatment process could be improved, using for analysis two methods of experimental statistical modeling, namely the Taguchi's method and the factorial experiment method. The purpose of this scientific paper was to identify the deficiencies of the water treatment process after it entered the treatment plant and analyze is carried out using the two mentioned methods above, were continued by finding optimization solutions for the process. These solutions are intended to avoid the situations in which the treatment plant may be unable to cover the required volume of drinking water and to ensure the quality of the drinking water supplied to consumers according to the legislation to date. The knowledge benefit of this research consists in the realization of the research intentions formulated and the practical applicability of the results.
Measuring the roundness deviation in the Vblock measurement method
Authors: Toteva Pavlina , Vasileva Dimka , Koleva Krasimira
Published: July 2018

In this paper the measurement capabilities of form deviation of cylindrical surfaces using V-Block method are studied. The paper presents the influence of the V - Block angle to the ratio coefficient of dimension, and the ratio coefficient of form deviation on the k-harmonic. The equations for the dimension ratio coefficient and the form ratio coefficient of kharmonic are obtained. These equations give the opportunity to choose the most appropriate combination for the V-block angle and the measurement direction, angle β. Studies have been made using V-Blocks with the most common angles by symmetrical and non-symmetrical measurement schemes. Using V-Blocks for measurement is rational and appropriate in cases where for all measured details the number of harmonics are known in advance.
Data processing as a critical part of GIS based mapping of renewable energy perspectives
Authors: Kargashin Paul E. , Prasolova Anna I. , Novakovsky Boguslav A. , Rafikova Yulia Yu. , Gorbunov Roman V. , Gorbunova Tatiana Yu.
Published: July 2018

Estimation of optimal location for power plants using renewable energy sources requires big data processing and consideration lots of factors. It is suggested to use geographical information systems based approach to simplify workflow. The result of investigation is a series of maps divided into 2 groups: estimation of natural resources for renewable energy, and evaluation of limitations caused with socioeconomic policy. These maps help us to outline the most suitable as well as restricted places for perspective power plants.
Influence of insolation and ambient temperature on operation of digital voltage transformers in Russia
Authors: Gotovkina Elena , Tyutikov Vladimir , Smirnov Nikolay , Lebedev Vladimir , Bushuev Evgeniy
Published: July 2018

The present study is devoted to questions connected with influence of solar radiation and high values of ambient air temperatures on work of digital voltage transformers. The developed designs of digital voltage transformers are included in smart grid system of technical and commercial metering of electric energy consumption. The analysis of the unfavorable conditions for work of digital voltage transformers for the conditions of Russia in summer is carried out. The results of mathematical simulation for thermal state of transformers, obtained with the help of COMSOL Multiphysics program based on the finite element method, are presented. Experimental research regarding the thermal field of resistive voltage divider transformer was conducted on a verified mathematical model in order to determine the position of resistive elements where their self-heating is minimal.
Numerical modeling of the intelligent heating systems for living space
Authors: Radulescu Victorita
Published: July 2018

Nowadays, the intelligent solution of heating and hot water supply in residential house has become a current domain in the domain of energy efficiency analysis. It is presented the mathematical model and some numerical simulations for intelligent heating systems, ventilation, and air conditioning into a building structured on two floors, with spaces with intermittent occupancy, between certain hours. The heating system was structured into a permanent correlation with the reference temperature and the hot water consumption, corresponding to the time-period spent by the inhabitants in the living rooms. The control algorithm is a combination of fuzzy systems, anticipation systems and conventional systems. The numerical modeling analyzes both periods, the inhabited and the holidays. As input data were considered the atmospheric conditions and solar radiation, house structure, as to obtain the output data, scheduled solution of heating the building. A solution of ceiling, estimation of windows behavior, internal and external walls is presented. The air temperature is regulated via a three-way valve commanded by an actuator, whose time constant is adjustable. The experimental validation of the obtained results was tested in a building system from the metropolitan area of the city.
Estimation of microalgae resource potential for bio-oil production and sustainable rural development in the climatic conditions of Russia (the Republic of Dagestan)
Authors: Chernova Nadezhda I. , Kiseleva Sofya V. , Vlaskin Mikhail S. , Rafikova Yulia Yu.
Published: July 2018

The work is devoted to the estimation of microalgae resource potential for bio-oil production. We propose a method of climate and infrastructural factors spatial analysis for estimations of resource and the possibility of bio-oil production facilities construction in the study region. The resource potential depends on the area of the territory that can be used to produce biomass as feedstock for biofuel production, and equal to the amount of microalgae biomass that can be obtained on this territory. For the case study we selected the territory of the Republic of Dagestan (Russia) and microalgae Arthrospira platensis and Dunaliella salina. As an infrastructural factors, which may reduce the cost of bio-oil production we considered the following sources of cheap material resources and energy: seawater (as a source of macro- and microelements), geothermal water (as low-temperature heat source), CO2 emissions of cement plants and combined heat and power plants (as carbon source and to reduce CO2 emission). The analyses of these factors using the technology of geoinformation systems allowed to find the most suitable territories for microalgae plant allocation and therefore estimate resource potential for biooil production with maximum profit.
Green manufacturing dimensions and global trends of consumption
Authors: Popa Vasile , Popa Luminiţa
Published: July 2018

The article addresses the issue of green manufacturing in the context of global trends of consumption for various types of industrial products, respecting the concepts of circular economy. The article focuses on impact of global trends of consumption on green manufacturing dimensions (research and design process, waste control, packaging control, manufacturing control and quality control) of Romanian industry sustainable development. The authors have achieved a “correlation matrix of green manufacturing dimensions and global trends of consumption for production systems”.
Static calculations in the context of sewer pipe sliplining by polymer hose
Authors: Primin Oleg , Orlov Vladimir
Published: July 2018

The growing deterioration and unsatisfactory technical condition of the pipes of water supply and wastewater disposal networks in Russian cities and other inhabited localities, as well as limited (under the conditions of Russian housing and utilities sector reforming) funding of pipeline renovation and rehabilitation have considerably aggravated the problem of pipe reliability provision. These factors make pipe renovation and rehabilitation quite a topical issue. A very promising trend in the field of pipeline construction and renovation named “trenchless technologies” has been commonly used in the world in recent years. A wide choice of different construction materials used for pipe rehabilitation appeared in the market. Under the conditions of densely built-up urban areas, these methods are of great current interest for city utilities. Quite different pipe renovation methods are used currently but the most popular method comprises the application of a flexible polymeric hose that makes it possible to form a new composite pipe inside the old one. The wall thickness of such a hose is among the important factors that have an impact on the cost and efficiency of pipe renovation methods based on the application of flexible polymeric hoses. The hose wall thickness is determined on the basis of calculating the “soil - old pipe - hose” system in view of its static stability. The article describes the technology for the trenchless rehabilitation of water pipes and the strength calculation method for a “pipe - polymeric hose” double-layer structure.
Potential of biological phosphorus removal
Authors: Zaletova Nina , Zaletov Sergey , Bulychev Ivan
Published: July 2018

The purpose of studies was to assess the potential effectiveness of phosphorus compounds removal from waste water by biological method. Phosphorus removal is very important because of strict standards to phosphate concentration in effluent. But removal of phosphorus by chemical method requires a lot of reagents. Moreover objectives of research were to determine actual efficiency of the biological phosphorus removal. The study shows that under certain technological parameters of biological treatment it is possible to meet strict requirement phosphate removal. This technology can be implemented on existing wastewater treatment plants. The technology of biological phosphorus removal can be combined with the technology of nitrification and denitrification.
F-Gas regulation-Possible solutions for the retrofit dead end
Authors: Gonçalves Filipe , Cavique Miguel
Published: July 2018

The EU F-gas regulation of 2006 and the recast of 2014 are forcing the market to reduce the use of refrigerants with high global warming potential (GWP). As a result, the production of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants with higher GWP decreased, making the prices of all HFC gases to increase. Any maintenance problem in a refrigeration system asks to evaluate the retrofitting of the gas making necessary to know the expected behaviour of the system. This paper aims to discuss the gases that can substitute the now-a-days HFCs, and the impact the retrofit will cause in a real air-conditioning systems. Many studies on retrofit address the behaviour of the refrigeration cycle, but usually, do not take into account the behaviour of the system as a whole. This paper models a water-to-water air-conditioning system taking into consideration the evaporator and condenser heat exchangers, the refrigeration cycle, the air-conditioning loop and the heat exchanger to the acclimatized area. Moreover, the paper studies the performance of the system when subjected to high condensing temperatures. The paper concludes that all possible retrofit solutions need to use flammable gases that make the refrigeration power of the equipment to reduce.
L’orthodontie adulte pour une meilleure prothèse
Authors: Sabri Roy , Aboujaoude Nadim
Published: July 2018

Introduction : La proportion de patients adultes a augmenté dans nos cabinets d’orthodontie. A la différence de l’adolescent, le patient adulte nécessite très souvent une approche multidisciplinaire à cause de migrations secondaires à des dents extraites ou de maladies parodontales. Matériels et méthodes : Cet article va aborder les indications et les solutions orthodontiques aux différents problèmes prothétiques rencontrés chez l’adulte. Des mécaniques orthodontiques spécifiques qui vont faciliter et améliorer les traitements de prothèse seront décrites et illustrées à partir de cas cliniques.
Complications dentaires de la préparation orthodontique et de la chirurgie orthognathique
Authors: Ketoff Serge , Sigaux Nicolas , Raberin Monique , Bouletreau Pierre
Published: July 2018

Introduction : Le protocole orthodontico-chirurgical peut exposer à certains risques au niveau de l’organe dentaire et du parodonte. Malgré leur faible incidence, ces complications peuvent venir compromettre un plan de traitement. Ces complications potentielles doivent être connues et intégrées dans la prise en charge pour réduire leur incidence et, le cas échéant, y faire face dans le cadre de la collaboration orthodontico-chirurgicale. Matériels et méthodes : Les auteurs présentent dans cet article les différentes complications possibles au cours d’un traitement. Conclusion : L’information donnée au patient quant aux risques inhérents à la réalisation d’un protocole orthodontico-chirurgical doit absolument comprendre les risques de lésion de l’organe dentaire et du parodonte.
Le genre a-t-il une influence en orthodontie ? Une revue de la littérature
Authors: Lagorsse Arthur , Gebeile-Chauty Sarah
Published: July 2018

Objectif : L’objectif de cette revue de littérature est de rechercher si le genre des patients et des praticiens a une influence en orthodontie. Matériels et méthodes : Un total de 69 articles a été retenu, la grosse majorité d’entre eux ayant étudié le genre des patients. Résultats : Les jeunes patientes sont plus demandeuses de traitements orthodontiques probablement du fait d’une exigence esthétique plus élevée, malgré des besoins objectifs non supérieurs. Les analyses esthétique, squelettique et dentaire montrent un dimorphisme avec des dimensions plus importantes chez l’homme en particulier pour le nez, les pommettes, la bouche et les canines mandibulaires. Néanmoins, les valeurs angulaires céphalométriques ne varient pas significativement entre individus des deux genres. La croissance est quantitativement plus importante chez l’homme. Elle est aussi plus tardive, de même que l’éruption et la maturation dentaires. La réponse aux différentes thérapeutiques orthodontiques / orthopédiques ne diffèrerait pas selon le genre du patient. Discussion : Ces résultats sont cependant à nuancer selon les pays, les habitudes de vie, les mentalités pouvant, elles-mêmes, modifier ou influencer les paramètres étudiés.
Hygiène orale et parodontale chez les patients porteurs de dispositifs orthodontiques
Authors: Antezack Angéline , Monnet-corti Virginie
Published: July 2018

Introduction : Les appareils orthodontiques favorisent la rétention de plaque dentaire et rendent le brossage moins aisé. Ils entraînent des modifications à la fois quantitatives et qualitatives de la plaque dentaire, exposant ainsi davantage les patients porteurs de tels dispositifs aux pathologies carieuses et parodontales. Matériels et méthodes : Les auteurs expliquent, dans cet article, l’influence des thérapeutiques orthodontiques sur la plaque dentaire, sur le risque carieux et sur le risque parodontal, font le point des bactéries incriminées et rappellent l’importance d’un contrôle de plaque individuel et professionnel rigoureux. Discussion : En conséquence, il est du devoir des orthodontistes d’éduquer leurs patients aux méthodes d’hygiène bucco-dentaire et parodontale afin de contrôler ce facteur bactérien et d’éviter l’apparition de complications dentaires et/ou parodontales.
Descriptions of acanthocephalans, Cathayacanthus spinitruncatus (Rhadinorhynchidae) male and Pararhadinorhynchus magnus n. sp. (Diplosentidae), from marine fish of Vietnam, with notes on Heterosentis holospinus (Arhythmacanthidae)
Authors: Van Ha Nguyen , Amin Omar M. , Ngo Ha Duy , Heckmann Richard A.
Published: July 2018

Males of Cathayacanthus spinitruncatus Amin, Heckmann & Ha, 2014 (Rhadinorhynchinae Lühe, 1912) are described for the first time from Leiognathus equulus in Hai Phong and Nha Trang and from pony fish Nuchequula flavaxilla in Quang Ninh in the Pacific waters of Vietnam. The male allotype status is designated. Males of C. spinitruncatus are smaller and have fewer and smaller proboscis hooks and trunk spines than females. The male reproductive structures are in the posterior fifth of the trunk and with 6 club-shaped cement glands gradually merging into 6 independent cement gland ducts. The proboscis receptacle is more than half as long as the trunk and with a cephalic ganglion at its anterior end. In females, the receptacle is only about one fifth the length of the trunk. Specimens described as Cathayacanthus bagarii Moravec & Sey, 1989 were shown to have been wrongly assigned to Cathayacanthus. Pararhadinorhynchus magnus n. sp. (Diplosentidae) is described from Scatophagus argus off Hai Phong in the Gulf of Tonkin. It is the third species of the genus and is readily distinguished from the Australian species by having a considerably larger trunk and male reproductive structures, and more proboscis hooks. X-ray microanalysis (EDAX) of intact and gallium-cut hooks of P. magnus showed high calcium and phosphate mainly in the central core. Specimens of Heterosentis holospinus Amin, Heckmann & Ha, 2011 (Arhythmacanthidae) are also reported from L. equulus off Quang Binh, new host and locality records.
Schreien und Rufen von Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Urselmann Hans-Werner
Published: July 2018

Wenn Menschen mit Demenz laut schreien oder rufen, ist für Pflegende häufig schwer einzuschätzen, was sie damit ausdrücken wollen. Wie es gelingt, das oft
herausfordernde und manchmal unerträgliche Verhalten zu interpretieren und welche Interventionen angewendet werden können, schildert unser Autor. Denn eins
steht fest: Es gibt weder sinnlose Schreie oder Rufe von Menschen mit Demenz noch Patentrezepte für den Umgang damit.
Körperliche Wunden lassen sich leichter versorgen als seelische
Authors: Lang Friederike
Published: July 2018

Im zweiten Teil ihres sehr persönlichen Berichts schildert unsere Autorin, welche Erfahrungen sie mit selbstverletzendem Verhalten, Suizidalität und während
ihrer Klinikaufenthalte gemacht hat.
Manager des Jahres 2018: Thieme Management Award: Reichen Sie Ihre Vorschläge bei uns ein!
Authors: Freye Carolin
Published: July 2018

Mit den Auszeichnungen „Manager des Jahres“ und „Senkrechtstarter“ ehren die Thieme Gruppe und kma Persönlichkeiten aus dem Management in der deutschen Gesundheitswirtschaft, die sich in den letzten 12 bis 18 Monaten durch besonderes Wirken ausgezeichnet haben. Die Preisverleihung findet traditionell gemeinsam mit dem cdgw – Club der Gesundheitswirtschaft auf einer exklusiven Gala im Januar statt. Nutzen Sie die Chance und schlagen Sie uns Ihren Wunschkandidaten vor! Bewerbungsschluss ist der 31.8.2018. Ausführliche Informationen zu den Auszeichnungen, den früheren Preisträgern, der Jury und der Gala finden Sie auf: www.kma-online.de/awards
Das Peer Review der IQM: „Wir haben keine Samthandschuhe an“
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: July 2018

Prof. Dr. Maria Eberlein-Gonska ist ein Peer der ersten Stunde. Im Gespräch mit kma erzählt sie, was IQM von anderen Qualitätsinitiativen unterscheidet, wie ein Dialog auf Augenhöhe gelingt und warum bereits einige Krankenhäuser von IQM ausgeschlossen wurden.
Krankenhausmanagement in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie: Dringend nötig: Klare Strategien für neue Wege
Authors: Deister Arno
Published: July 2018

Krankenhäuser für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie sollten sich zukünftig stärker als integraler Bestandteil eines vernetzten Hilfe-und Versorgungssystems sehen. Modellprojekte dazu gibt es bereits. Dabei spielt insbesondere die Auflösung von klassischen Formen des Behandlungssettings eine entscheidende Rolle.
Spendenfinanziertes Children’s Cancer Hospital in Kairo: Willkommen im „57 357“: Ein ägyptisches Vorzeigeprojekt
Authors: Carola Dorner
Published: July 2018

57 357 ist der Beginn einer Kontonummer. Auf dieses Konto gingen bei einer Crowdfunding-Kampagne die ersten Spenden für das Children’s Cancer Hospital ein. Im Jahr 2007 wurde die Nummer dann zum Kliniknamen – denn das Children’s Cancer Hospital in Kairo ist zu 100 Prozent spendenfinanziert.
OPS stationäre Tabakentwöhnung: Rauchfrei im Krankenhaus
Authors: Martin Kucera
Published: July 2018

Ein Klinikaufenthalt ist die beste Gelegenheit, sich das Rauchen abzugewöhnen – einen Operationen und Prozedurenschlüssel (OPS) für die stationäre Tabakentwöhnung gibt es bereits. Damit er Entgelt-relevant wird, müssen ihn allerdings noch mehr Kliniken anwenden. Die Anreize sind denkbar hoch.
Deutscher Ärztetag erlaubt Fernbehandlung: Von baden-württembergischen Modellprojekten lernen
Authors: Erens Oliver
Published: July 2018

Seit jeher verbietet die ärztliche Berufsordnung die ausschließliche Fernbehandlung von Patienten; (Video-) Telefonie durfte bislang nur mit „Bestandspatienten“ erfolgen. Doch ärztliche Fernbehandlung von unbekannten Patienten ist im Ausland längst etabliert und macht an deutschen Grenzen nicht Halt. Daher hat der Deutsche Ärztetag jetzt nachgesteuert.
Healthcare Hackathon in Kiel: Innovationsschmiede geht in die zweite Runde
Authors: Freye Carolin
Published: July 2018

Vom 13. bis 15. September findet in Kiel der zweite Healthcare Hackathon statt. Teams aus Deutschland und anderen Ländern treten an, um in knapp 30 Stunden prototypische Healthcare-Produkte zu bauen.
Editorial: Krankenhaushygiene und ZSVA
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: July 2018

Jedes Jahr infizieren sich Hunderttausende mit Krankenhauskeimen. Vor allem immunschwache und operierte Patienten sind gefährdet. Dabei hat sich seit 2010 die Anzahl der Krankenhaushygieniker fast verdoppelt. Die Hygiene ist in deutschen Krankenhäusern aber immer noch ein Problem. Welche Maßnahmen ermöglichen es, dass weniger Menschen durch sogenannte Krankenhauskeime ihr Leben verlieren? Welche Hygienestandards müssen Kliniken gewährleisten? Diesen Fragen geht kma in dieser Branche kompakt nach. Erfahren Sie außerdem, welche externen Dienstleister die Kliniken im Kampf gegen Krankenhausinfektionen und bei Problemen in der Zentralen Sterilgutaufbereitung unterstützen.
Krankenhausstudie: So verbreiten sich Keime im Krankenhaus
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: July 2018

Es war eine einmalige Gelegenheit. 2013 eröffnete die Universität von Chicago das neue „Center for Care and Discovery“. Innerhalb kürzester Zeit eroberten Bakterien die Räume.
Inhouse-Logistik: Die Serviceschnittstelle
Authors: Filthuth Heiko
Published: July 2018

Es klingt verlockend: Werden alle logistischen Leistungen im Krankenhaus aus einer Hand erledigt, verspricht das diverse Vorteile. Doch Experten warnen: Nicht nur der Datenschutz wirft erhebliche Fragen auf.
Physician Assistants: Hand in Hand
Authors: Maier Julia
Published: July 2018

„Physician Assistants“ (PA) versorgen Wunden, schreiben Entlassbriefe und assistieren im OP. Dadurch entlasten sie Ärzte im Alltag, die sich wieder auf ihre Kernkompetenzen konzentrieren können. Die Zahl der Absolventen steigt, ihre Jobaussichten sind gut – doch es gibt noch offene Fragen.
Interview zum Einsatzprofil von Physician Assistants: „Unterm Strich spricht alles für die PAs“
Authors: Maier Julia
Published: July 2018

Der Einsatz von Physician Assistants (PA) wirkt sich positiv auf die Kommunikation und Abläufe in einer Klinik aus, meinen René A. Bostelaar, Geschäftsführer des Rhein-Maas Klinikums und sein wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter Dr. Guido Grasekamp. Sie haben ein Konzept zum Einsatz der PAs entwickelt.
Patient Blood Management: Anämien vermeiden – und Milliarden sparen
Authors: Bauer Simon
Published: July 2018

Durch ein effektives Patient Blood Management (PBM) können bei elektiven Operationen die Risiken operativer Eingriffe verringert werden. Mit dem positiven Nebeneffekt, dass im deutschen Gesundheitswesen auch bis zu 1,3 Milliarden Euro an direkten und bis zu 24 Milliarden Euro an indirekten Krankheitskosten pro Jahr eingespart werden.
ÖVKT-Tagung in Pörtschach: Segel trimmen für den Wind der Veränderung
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: July 2018

Unter dem Leitthema „Klimawandel im Gesundheitswesen – Folgen für die Technik“ befasst sich die diesjährige ÖVKT-Tagung intensiv, aber nicht nur, mit Antworten auf die Auswirkungen der Erderwärmung. „Der Wind der Veränderung weht durch viele Bereiche des Gesundheitswesens und verlangt ständige Kurskorrekturen.“
Sprechstunde in der PR-Ambulanz: Warum hat unsere Klinik keine Kommunikationsstrategie?
Authors: Endele Kerstin
Published: July 2018

Kerstin Endele ist zur Hälfte Journalistin und zur Hälfte Biochemikerin. Seit mehr als 15 Jahren ist sie Expertin für Gesundheitskommunikation und war fünf Jahre Kommunikationschefin und Pressesprecherin der Charité. Wenn sie nicht Klinikvorstände aus Krisen rettet und Pressesprechern diverser Krankenhäuser dabei hilft, ein bisschen Strategie ins übliche Chaos zu bringen, betreibt sie mit der PR-Ambulanz (www.pr-ambulanz.com) einen der größten Blogs zur Klinikkommunikation in Deutschland.
Synergistic Bimetallic Catalysis for Carboboration of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Authors: Fañanás-Mastral Martín , Rivera-Chao Eva , Fra Laura
Published: July 2018

Synergistic bimetallic catalysis has become a very efficient tool for the selective carboboration of unsaturated hydrocarbons. This synthetic approach is based on the use of a catalytically generated boron-substituted organocopper nucleophile in a cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by a second transition metal. This way, hydrocarbons can be used as pro-nucleophiles in this type of transformations thus rendering a clean and operationally simple alternative to the traditional cross-coupling methodologies. This review provides a summary of the developments on this topic and discusses both the synthetic utility and mechanisms of these reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Carboboration of Alkenes via Synergistic Catalysis

3 Carboboration of 1,3-Dienes via Synergistic Catalysis

4 Carboboration of Alkynes via Synergistic Catalysis

5 Conclusions
R 68 070: Thromboxane A2 Synthetase Inhibition and Thromboxane A2/Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Receptor Blockade Combined in One Molecule - I. Biochemical Profile In Vitro
Authors: Clerck F De , Beetens J , Courcelles D de Chaffoy de , Freyne E , Janssen P A J
Published: July 2018

R 68 070 or (E)-5-[[[(3-pyridinyl)[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- methylen]amino]oxy] pentanoic acid (Janssen Research Foundation, Belgium) combines specific thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase inhibition with TXA2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor blockade in one molecule.

In vitro, the compound specifically inhibits the production of TXB2 from [14C] arachidonic acid by washed human platelets (IC50 = 8.2 × 10-9 M) and by platelet microsomes (IC50 = 3.6 × 10-9 M), of MDA (IC50 = 1.91 × 10-8 M) and of TXB2 (IC50 = 1.47 × 10-8 M) by thrombin-coagulated human platelet-rich plasma (P.R.P.) and whole blood respectively and increases the levels of PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α and 6-keto-PGF1α. The activity of cyclo-oxygenase-, prostacyclin synthetase-, 5-, 12- and 15-lipoxygenase-enzymes are not affected. Additionally, R 68 070 inhibits human platelet aggregation in P.R.P. induced by U 46619 3 × 10-7 M to 2 × 10-6 M (IC50 = 2.08 × 10-6 M to 2.66 × 10-5 M), collagen 0.5 to 2 μg/ml (IC50 = 2.85 × 10-6 M to 4.81 × 10-5 M), arachidonic acid 7.5 × 10-4 M to 2 × 10- M (IC50 = 2.1 × 10-8 M to 3.3 × 10-8 M) and the U 46619 (1 × 10-7 M)-induced accumulation of [32P] phosphatidic acid (IC50 = 5.24 × 10-7 M) in washed human platelets. Collagen (0.75 μg/ml)-induced ATP release (IC50 = 4.1 × 10-6 M), ADP (1 to 2.5 × 10-6 M)-induced second wave aggregation (IC50 = 3.19 × 10-6 M) in P.R.P. as well as the collagen (1 μg/ml)-induced adhesion/aggregation reaction in human whole blood (IC50 = 1.02 × 10-5 M) are reduced as well by the compoun.

Primary platelet reactions induced by serotonin, ADP, PAF, or A 23187, platelet adenylate cyclase- and cAMP phosphodiesterase-activity, and platelet inhibitory activities of PGD2, PGI2, PGE2, PGE1 are not modified by R 68 070.

This biochemical profile is compatible with a dual mechanism of action of R 68 070, namely TXA2 synthetase inhibition at low concentrations, plus additionally TXA2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor blockade at higher concentrations
Influence of Nicotine and Cotinine on the Expression of Plasminogen Activator Activity in Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Kuo Be-Sheng , Dryjski Maciej , Bjornsson Thorir D
Published: July 2018

The effects of nicotine and its major metabolite, cotinine, were evaluated on the secretion of plasminogen activator (PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Both compounds increased PA secretion, determined by 125I-fibrin plate assay, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Maximum effects after 24 hr incubation were observed for nicotine at 10-8 M and for cotinine at 10-7 M, which corresponded to about 2.6-fold increases over control for both compounds. The pharmacological PA stimulation required both RNA and protein syntheses, as evidenced by inhibition by acfinomycin D and cycloheximide. Both control and treated cells produced multiple forms of PA, as evaluated by SDS-PAGE zymography, and a single form of PAI, as evidenced by reverse fibrin autography. Although activities of all species of PA were enhanced by nicotine and cotinine, these compounds had no significant effects on the release of PAI. These results thus suggest that nicotine and cotinine may have fibrinolytic activity in vivo.
Anticardiolipin Antibodies Are Elevated in HIV-1 Infected Haemophiliacs but Do Not Predict for Disease Progression
Authors: Panzer Simon , Stain Christoph , Hartl Hubert , Dudczak Robert , Lechner Klaus
Published: July 2018

Levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were measured in 55 patients with haemophilia A in serum samples obtained in 1983 and in 1987. Twenty-one patients were negative for anti HIV-1 antibodies in 1983 and remained negative in 1987; 34 patients had anti HIV-1 antibodies in 1983; 17 of these latter patients remained asymptomatic, whereas 17 patients developed ARC or AIDS during the 4 years follow-up. Thirteen anti HIV-1 negative patients had elevated ACA levels in 1983; subsequently, a significant decrease was observed in all these subjects (p <0.001). All anti HIV-1 positive patients had elevated ACA levels in 1983; normal values were found in 9 patients in 1987. Yet, these changes were not significant (p >0.05). ACA levels were significantly higher in HIV-1 infected patients than in those without anti HIV-1 antibodies (p <0.05). There was no difference of ACA levels between the two anti HIV-1 positive patient groups, be it in 1983 or be it in 1987 (p >0.05). There was no correlation of ACA levels with serum IgG concentrations, CD4+ lymphocytes, or the consumption of factor VIII concentrates.
Thrombin Stimulates Inositol Phosphate Accumulation and Prostacyclin Synthesis in Human Endothelial Cells from Umbilical Vein but Not from Omentum
Authors: Carter A J , Eisert W G , Müller T H
Published: July 2018

We have compared the effects of thrombin on the accumulation of inositol phosphates and the synthesis of prostacyclin in cultured human endothelial cells from umbilical vein and the microvasculature of omentum. Active human thrombin induced a dose-dependent accumulation of inositol phosphates and a concomitant synthesis of prostacyclin in endothelial cells from human umbilical vein. However, thrombin at all concentrations tested was unable to stimulate inositol phosphate accumulation and prostacyclin synthesis in microvascular endothelial cells from human omentum. Bradykinin was able to stimulate these effects in both types of cell. These results demonstrate that although inositol phosphate turnover is an initial event associated with prostacyclin synthesis in endothelial cells, there are differences in the way microvascular endothelial cells respond to thrombin.
Spontaneous Whole Blood Platelet Aggregation in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: An Evaluation in an Epidemiologic Study
Authors: Cho Nam H , Becker Dorothy , Dorman Janice S , Wolfson Sidney , Kuller Lewis H , Drash Allan L , Follansbee William F , Kelsey Sherryl F , Orchard Trevor J
Published: July 2018

Spontaneous whole blood platelet aggregation (SWBPA) was examined in a case-control study, comparing a consecutive series of IDDM subjects (n = 30) to age, and sex matched controls. Subjects were free of platelet altering medications. Platelet aggregation was measured by the percent fall in single platelet count after 15 minutes of both shaking (SK) and magnetic stirring (ST). IDDM subjects showed a significantly greater percent fall in SK (x = 12.1) and ST (x = 34.0) compared to controls (SK x = 8.4, p <0.01; ST x = 24.3, p <0.05). Long-term repeat testing on 15 subjects (diabetics and non-diabetics) up to 4 months apart showed a correlation of 0.7 for SK, p <0.01 but only 0.4 for ST. In a further series of IDDM subjects (n = 176) those with macrovascular disease (n = 27) showed significantly greater percent fall in SK (p<0.05), and ST (p<0.05).

We conclude that SWBPA is a simple useful epidemiological technique (shaking being more repeatable than stirring) which relates to both diabetes and macrovascular disease.
Severe Arterial Cerebral Thrombosis in a Patient with Protein S Deficiency (Moderately Reduced Total and Markedly Reduced Free Protein S): A Family Study
Authors: Girolami A , Simioni P , Lazzaro A R , Cordiano I
Published: July 2018

Deficiency of protein S has been associated with an increased risk of thrombotic disease as already shown for protein C deficiency. Deficiencies of any of these two proteins predispose to venous thrombosis but have been only rarely associated with arterial thrombosis.

In this study we describe a case of severe cerebral arterial thrombosis in a 44-year old woman with protein S deficiency. The defect was characterized by moderately reduced levels of total and markedly reduced levels of free protein S. C4b-bp level was normal. Protein C, AT III and routine coagulation tests were within the normal limits.

In her family two other members showed the same defect. All the affected members had venous thrombotic manifestations, two of them at a relatively young age. No other risk factors for thrombotic episodes were present in the family members. The patient reported was treated with ASA and dipyridamole and so far there were no relapses.
Biological Activrty and Safety of the Subcutaneous Administration of High Doses of Low Molecular Weight Heparin for 8 Days in Human Volunteers
Authors: Harenberg J , Giese Ch , Dempfle C E , Stehle G , Heene D L
Published: July 2018

This study reports on the biological activity and safety of high dose low molecular weight (LMW) heparin therapy administered by two subcutaneous (s.C.) injections daily for 8 days in healthy human volunteers. Group 1 received 2 × 30 aPTT units LMW heparin/kg bodyweight, and group 2 received 2 × 50 aPTT units/kg per day.

In group 1, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin clotting time (TCT) were uniformly prolonged by 3-5 sec 4 hrs after s.c. administration of heparin. Heptest coagulation time values were prolonged consistently as well by 57 sec on day 1 to 68 sec on day 8. Factor Xa inhibition measured by the S 2222 chromogenic substrate method continuously increased from 0.16 units/ml on day 1 to 0.28 units/ml on day 8.

In group 2 prolongation of a aPTT and TCT values increased from 6 sec on day 1 to 15 sec on day 8 and of Heptest time from 70 sec on day 1 to 110 sec on day 8. S 2222 method showed factor Xa inhibitory activity which increased from 0.5 units/ml on day 1 to 0.75 units/ml on day 8. The clinical tolerance of the treatment was good. No changes in clinical chemistry parameters were detected, except for a reversible increase of serum transaminases.

The coagulation studies demonstrate accumulation of LMW heparin when high doses are given twice daily. The half life of LMW heparin of factor Xa inhibition increases with increasing doses.

Heptest coagulation values were prolonged to 4-6 times the normal values during administration of heparin. S 2222 chromogenic substrate values were in the same range as upon application of high doses of unfractionated heparin. aPTT and thrombin clotting time values ranged from 1.2 to 1.5 times the starting values.
The Inhibitory Effect of GR32191, a Thromboxane Receptor Blocking Drug, on Human Platelet Aggregation, Adhesion and Secretion
Authors: Hornby E J , Foster M R , McCabe P J , Stratton L E
Published: July 2018

GR32191, a potent selective thromboxane receptor antagonist, has been shown to inhibit completely prostaglandin endoperoxide and thromboxane A2 (TxA2)-induced platelet aggregation, [14C]-serotonin secretion and β-thromboglobulin secretion. Deposition of human platelets onto damaged rabbit aorta in vitro is reduced in the presence of GR32191 which appears to inhibit aggregation of platelets but not direct adhesion of platelets to subendothelium. The effects of non-prostanoid platelet activating agents whose mode of action requires the biosynthesis of TxA2 are also inhibited by GR32191. Prostanoids which inhibit platelet function, such as prostacyclin or PGD2, retain their inhibitory properties in the presence of GR32191 which does not inhibit phospholipase A2, prostaglandin cyclooxygenase, thromboxane synthase, 12-lipoxygenase or cAMP phosphodiesterase activity. The inhibitory action of GR32191 on platelet aggregation, mural thrombus formation and platelet protein storage granule secretion suggests that it has potential in treatingthrombotic disease in man.
Effect of a Moderate Fish Intake on Haemostatic Parameters in Healthy Males
Authors: Muller A D , Houwelingen A C v , van Dam-Mieras M C E , Bas B M , Hornstra G
Published: July 2018

This article describes the results of a dietary intervention study performed in three different centers. In the study the effect of a diet enriched with fish on the coagulation tendency of blood was investigated. Two groups of 40 volunteers were given a dietary supplement consisting of 135 g of canned mackerel or meat paste (control) for a 6 weeks period.

Compliance, monitored by measuring the urinary excretion of lithium, added to the supplements, was about 80%. Before, during and at the end of the experimental period a number of hemostatic parameters, reflecting the coagulation tendency of blood and the procoagulant activity of monocytes, were measured.

The fish supplement did not cause a significant effect on the prothrombin time and on the levels of factor VII, activated factor VII, antithrombin III, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, plasminogen and a2-antiplasmin. A slight but transient prolongation in the activated partial thromboplastin time was observed as well as a significant increase in the factor X level, which became more pronounced with prolongation of the experimental period; no activated factor X was found.

A tendency towards a stimulation of monocyte procoagulant activity was noticed.
The Effect of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on Generation of Thromboxane A2 and Thromboplastin Activity in Whole Blood of Males, Females and Females on Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Hansen John-Bjarne , Wilsgård Line , Olsen Jan Ole , Svensson Birgit , Østerud Bjarne
Published: July 2018

Heparinized blood sample taken from 81 healthy persons, 40 men and 41 women of whom 17 were on combined oral contraceptives, were incubated with 2 ng lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/ml blood. Quantitation of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) in the resultant plasma revealed a significantly (p <0.001) higher generation of TxB2 in men than in women. No sexual differences were observed in thromboplastin activity in unstimulated and LPS stimulated monocytes. Addition of liposomes together with LPS enhanced the synthesis of thromboplastin 2-10 fold and unveiled a higher synthesis of thromboplastin among men. No differences were observed in TxB2 and thromboplastin synthesis in blood collected from females or females using oral contraceptives. A significant correlation between TxB2 and the thromboplastin activity exists within the male (r = 0.46, p = 0.003) and the oral contraceptive (r = 0.57, p = 0.016) group after exposure to LPS. This study suggests that males exposed to LPS may generate more thromboxane A2 than females and thus be at higher risk of developing thrombosis.

The production of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) in platelets upon stimulation may influence the tendency to thrombosis by its proaggregating and vasoconstrictor effect. Although lipopolysaccharides (LPS) lack the ability to induce platelet aggregation in humans (10), Schwartz et al. have reported that mononuclear cells preincubated with LPS induce platelet aggregation most probably through thrombin generation at the surface of monocytes as a result of thromboplastin expression (11).

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible differences in the reactivity of whole blood to a weak stimuli of LPS between males, females and females using oral contraceptives.
The Nucleated Thrombocytoid Cells. I. Electron Microscopic Studies on Chicken Blood Cells
Authors: Janzarik H , Morgenstern E
Published: July 2018

By analyses of electron micrographs it was investigated whether nucleated thrombocytes of chickens described in the literature can be differentiated from lymphoid cells with sufficient certainty as an independent cell system. The result was negative. The mixture of lymphoid cells and so-called thrombocytes investigated was extremely polymorphous and, unlike mammalian platelets, proved to be one cell system containing younger and more mature cells. In the literature cells with signs of overmaturity or activation are designated as thrombocytes. Our studies suggest that a genuine thrombocyte system of chickens and other birds is not existent. The cells hitherto considered as nucleated thrombocytes seem to belong to the lymphoid system.
Effect of Glycosaminoglycans on Thrombin- and Atroxin-Induced Fibrin Assembly and Structure
Authors: Carr Marcus E , Powers Patrick L
Published: July 2018

This study was performed to quantitate the impact of several glycosaminoglycans (GAG) on fibrin assembly and structure. Gel formation was monitored as the increase in optical density at 633 nm subsequent to thrombin (2 NIH u/ml) or atroxin (0.10 mg/ml) addition to solutions of buffered fibrinogen (1 mg/ml) or plasma. Gel absorbance was measured as a function of wavelength (400 to 800 nm) and gel fiber diameter and mass/length ratio (μ) were calculated. Chondroitin sulfate A (CSA)shortened the lag phase, enhanced the maximal rate of turbidity increase, and increased the final gel turbidity of fibrin gels formed by thrombin or atroxin. CSA (16 mg/ml) increased fiber μ from 1.3 to 3.1 × 1013 dalton/cm and fiber radius from 6.0 to 8.6 × 10-6 cm in thrombin-induced gels. μ increased from 0.7 to 2.7 × 1013 dalton/cm and fiber radius from 4 to 7.8 × 10-6 cm for atroxin-induced gels. Above 16 mg/ml, CSA caused fibrinogen precipitation in purified solutions but not in plasma. CSA inhibited thrombin-induced plasma clotting of plasma but effects in atroxin-mediated plasma gels paralleled those seen in purified solutions. Chondroitin sulfate B (CSB)-induced changes in fibrin were similar but slightly less dramatic than those seen with CSA. μ increased from 0.9 to 2.0 × 1013 dalton/cm for thrombin-induced fibrin gels and from 0.8 to 2.3 × 1013 dalton/cm for atroxininduced gels. Low molecular weight heparin (Mr = 5100) slowed fibrin assembly and reduced fiber size by 50% in thrombininduced gels. Changes in μ of atroxin-induced gels were much less pronounced (<20%). This study documents pronounced GAGinduced changes in fibrin structure which vary with GAG species and may mediate significant physiologic functions.