bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient Persistence to OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment for Overactive Bladder Using a Reduced Injection‐Site Paradigm: A Retrospective Chart Review Study
Authors: Bernstein Steven , Schwartz Marc , Ifantides Kimberly Becker
Published: December 2024

Aims

OnabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA) is an approved treatment for overactive bladder (OAB). This chart review study aims to determine treatment persistence in patients receiving onabotA (100 U) via a reduced injection‐site paradigm distributed across ≤ 3 injection sites.

Methods

This study was a single site, noninterventional, retrospective chart review evaluating adult female OAB patients refractory to behavioral modification and pharmacotherapy before receiving ≥ 1 treatment with onabotA (100 U) via 1−3 injections between July 2017 and June 2021. Patients with neurologic OAB, predominance of stress incontinence, or who expired during the study were excluded. Baseline demographics, treatment patterns, treatment persistence, treatment intervals, lidocaine pretreatment, patient‐reported treatment response, and adverse urological events were documented and evaluated. Persistence was defined as the percent of patients receiving ≥ 3 treatments during the study period via three or fewer injections. Continuous variables were summarized with sample size, mean (standard deviation [SD]), and median (1st and 3rd quartiles); categorical variables were calculated as frequencies and percentages.

Results

Of the 90 patients included in this study, 55 (61.1%) were persistent to treatment with onabotA for OAB, completing 3 treatments by the end of the data collection period. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was reported after 18/370 (4.9%) treatments. Of 90 patients,15 (16.7%) reported UTI after any treatment, and none required clean intermittent catheterization.

Conclusion

When onabotA was administered via a reduced injection‐site paradigm, 61.1% of patients were persistent to OAB treatment. Given the limited pool of patients included in this study and relatively low sample sizes at later timepoints, results may not be generalizable. No new safety signals were identified using the reduced injection‐site paradigm.

Clinical Trial Registration

Due to the nature of this study, no clinical trial registration was required.
Comparison of Pressurized Water Extraction With Ultrasound Assisted Extraction for Isolation of Phycobiliproteins From Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina)
Authors: Burdějová Lenka , Dadajová Pavlína , Kudláčková Barbora , Duša Filip
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (AP) (Nordstedt) Gomont contains high content of phycobiliproteins (PBP), which are an important source for food industry. Methods effectively extracting proteins contained in AP cells are demanded to provide a supply of the material. Water‐based extraction methods are advisable due to the high solubility of the PBP.

Objectives

Extraction techniques such as ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized water extraction (PWE) are popular due to their environmental friendliness, better extraction efficiency, and faster extraction process. In this paper, efficiency of the two methods is compared.

Materials and Methods

PWE along with UAE is utilized for release of PBP from the AP cells. The extraction parameters including time, temperature, pressure, and ultrasound intensity are tested to obtain the most efficient setup. The methods were evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and the replicates of PWE extracts were further analyzed by capillary isoelectric focusing with laser‐induced fluorescence (cIEF‐LIF).

Results

The developed PWE method using higher pressure treatment at lower temperature was significantly faster than UAE methods, and the SDS‐PAGE results showed a high content of phycobiliproteins in the extracts. cIEF‐LIF analysis showed that the sequential PWE of individual samples was repeatable, and the mild extraction provided a fluorescent profile similar to the commercially available C‐phycocyanin standard.

Conclusion

Pressurized water extraction was shown to be an efficient, rapid, and well‐automated extraction method for AP proteins in general, including bioactive phycobiliproteins. Obtained results encourage the use of PWE in small‐scale analytical applications for primary extraction of proteins.
Application of graph theory in liver research: A review
Authors: Hu Xumei , Sun Longyu , Zheng Rencheng , Xia Xueqin , Liu Meng , Chen Weibo , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Chengyan
Published: December 2024

Graph theory has emerged as a valuable tool in liver research, aiding in the assessment of complex interactions underlying liver diseases at different organizational levels. This has allowed significant advancements in the detection, treatment, and control of liver disorders. Particularly, graph theory is useful in identifying different liver diseases. Graph theory can be used to analyze liver networks and identify altered nodes and edges, which may serve as potential noninvasive biomarkers for disease detection. Furthermore, graph‐based techniques, including graph neural networks and graph knowledge, have been employed to construct interaction networks, providing insights into the communication involved in focal liver diseases and related conditions such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), hepatic muscular atrophy, and hepatic necrosis. Functional networks for the liver have also been developed with graph‐based methods, providing insights into the metabolic processes occurring in the liver and the functional organization of the liver. Graph theory is also useful for image analysis, with applications such as image segmentation, registration, synthesis, and object identification. By representing images as graphs, it is possible to analyze and process them with graph‐based algorithms, handling complex relationships among pixels and making them useful in boundary extraction and texture analysis. Overall, graph theory is an essential research tool for liver research, providing valuable insights into the complex interactions underlying liver diseases as well as innovative approaches for diagnosis and treatment.
The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Emergency Department Admission in Asthmatic Children
Authors: Selmanoglu Ahmet , Yaytokgil Sule Buyuk , Yozgat Ayca Koca , Toyran Muge , Mısırlıoglu Emine Dibek , Ozbek Namık Yasar , Civelek Ersoy
Published: December 2024

Background

Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutritional deficiency and cause of anemia in childhood. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common public health problem in Turkey as in the rest of the World. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract, affecting approximately 10% of the population in developing countries. There are very few reports available in the medical literature regarding the association of childhood asthma and anemia, as well as the effects of anemia on asthma. This study was designed to investigate the possible relationship between serum iron levels of asthmatic patients and their frequency of emergency admission for asthma exacerbation treatment.

Methods

The patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of asthma for at least 12 months at the Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, whose current age is below 21, and whose serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and ferritin levels were checked between 2017 and 2019, were included in the study.

Results

In the assessment of 612 patients diagnosed with asthma, 105 individuals, constituting 18.4% of those under asthma follow‐up, were identified as having anemia. Additionally, ID not progressing to anemia was observed in 120 patients, accounting for 21.1% of the total. Individuals with IDA and/or ID alone experienced a significantly higher frequency of emergency admissions for asthma exacerbations. Moreover, ID and/or IDA were established as independent risk factors linked to emergency admissions for asthma exacerbations. odds ratio = 1.56, confidence interval = 1.06–2.30 p = 0.022.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it may be recommended to follow up the hemoglobin and iron parameters of asthmatic patients and to take nutritional and/or supportive preparations to keep them at a high level.
Structural Basis for the Essential Role of Ca2+ in the Lytic Activity of Staphylococcus aureus PlyGRCS Endolysin Targeting Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Krishnappa Gopinatha , Nagaraj Harshitha , SureshKumar Harshavardini Bakthavatsalam , Mandal Mitali , Padavattan Sivaraman , Bahubali Veenakumari Haradara , Thiyagarajan Saravanamuthu , Padmanabhan Balasundaram
Published: December 2024

Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections, from mild skin conditions to severe, life‐threatening diseases. Bacteriophage endolysins exhibit a selective capacity to degrade the peptidoglycan layer of Gram‐positive bacteria, making promising biotherapeutic agents against antibiotic‐resistant infections. PlyGRCS, a specific endolysin derived from S. aureus, comprises a catalytic CHAP domain and a cell‐wall binding SH3_5 domain connected by a linker. Ca2+ ions are essential for the CHAP domain's catalytic function. The crystal structure of PlyGRCS, determined in the absence of Ca2+ and refined to a resolution of 1.67 Å, revealed significant conformational changes in the Ca2+ binding site. Antimicrobial assays with Ca2+‐deficient PlyGRCS and mutants targeting key residues in the catalytic and Ca2+ binding regions highlighted the importance of specific functional residues for lytic activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These structural and microbial studies provide valuable insights into the critical residues contributing to PlyGRCS's bacteriolytic efficacy against MRSA.
Spraying calcium chloride helps to enhance the resistance of kidney bean plants to western flower thrips
Authors: Zeng Guang , Zhang Tao , Yue Wen‐bo , Tian Shan‐jun , Cao Yu , Ye Mao , Zhi Jun‐rui
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a significant pest in horticulture and ornamental agriculture. While exogenous calcium (Ca) has been shown to confer plant immune responses against thrips, the detailed mechanisms of this interaction remain to be elucidated for improved thrips management strategies. This study aimed to assess the impact of exogenous Ca on WFT feeding behavior and to explore its role in enhancing the defense mechanisms of kidney bean plants against WFT attacks. We compared WFT feeding preferences and efficiency on kidney bean plants treated with H2O or Ca, and examined whether exogenous Ca improves plant defense responses to thrips attack.

RESULTS

WFT exhibited less preference for feeding on Ca‐treated plants over H2O‐treated ones. The total duration of WFT's long‐ingestion probes was significantly reduced on Ca‐treated plants, indicating impaired feeding efficiency. Furthermore, WFT infestation activated both jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways in kidney bean plants, and exogenous Ca application led to elevated levels of endogenous Ca2+ and CaM, up‐regulation of genes associated with JA and SA pathways (LOX, AOS, PAL, and β‐1,3‐glucanase), and increased accumulation of JA, SA, flavonoids, and alkaloids.

CONCLUSION

Our findings demonstrate that the application of exogenous Ca enhances endogenous Ca2+, JA, and SA signaling pathways in kidney bean plants. This enhancement results in an up‐regulation of the biosynthesis of flavonoid and alkaloid, thereby equipping the plants with an enhanced defense against WFT infestation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Buczkowski Grzegorz , Wossler Theresa
Published: December 2024

The cover image is based on the article Fipronil‐infused sodium polyacrylate gels provide effective management of Argentine ants in conservation areas by Grzegorz Buczkowski and Theresa Wossler https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8409.

image
Role of Flavonoids in Mitigating the Pathological Complexities and Treatment Hurdles in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Chib Shivani , Dutta Bhaskar Jyoti , Chalotra Rishabh , Abubakar Md , Kumar Puneet , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Singh Randhir
Published: December 2024

With the passage of time, people step toward old age and become more prone to several diseases associated with the age. One such is Alzheimer's disease (AD) which results into neuronal damage and dementia with the progression of age. The existing therapeutics has been hindered by various enkindles like less eminent between remote populations, affordability issues and toxicity profiles. Moreover, lack of suitable therapeutic option further worsens the quality of life in older population. Developing an efficient therapeutic intervention to cure AD is still a challenge for medical fraternity. Recently, alternative approaches attain the attention of researchers to focus on plant‐based therapy in mitigating AD. In this context, flavonoids gained centrality as a feasible treatment in modifying various neurological deficits. This review mainly focuses on the pathological facets and economic burden of AD. Furthermore, we have explored the possible mechanism of flavonoids with the preclinical and clinical aspects for curing AD. Flavonoids being potential therapeutic, target the pathogenic factors of AD such as oxidative stress, inflammation, metal toxicity, Aβ accumulation, modulate neurotransmission and insulin signaling. In this review, we emphasized on potential neuroprotective effects of flavonoids in AD pathology, with focus on both experimental and clinical findings. While preclinical studies suggest promising therapeutic benefits, clinical data remains limited and inconclusive. Thus, further high‐quality clinical trials are necessary to validate the efficacy of flavonoids in AD. The study aim is to promote the plant‐based therapies and encourage people to add flavonoids to regular diet to avail the beneficial effects in preventive therapy for AD.
Forced Degradation Study of an Anti‐Diabetic Drug Imeglimin: Impurity Profiling and Structure Elucidation Using LC‐Q‐ToF‐MS/MS and NMR
Authors: Gogikar Shiva Kumar , Sen Sibu , Pathinti Shivashankar , Samanthula Gananadhamu , Dikundwar Amol G.
Published: December 2024

Rationale

The present study aims to establish structures of the degradation products of an anti‐diabetic drug, Imeglimin (IMG) approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the year 2021. Degradation pathways are proposed along with in silico toxicity assessments of the observed degradation products (DPs) of the drug.

Methods

A reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC), equipped with a photodiode array detector, was used to separate the observed DPs with a Phenomenex Luna PFP (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column, using 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 4.5) and methanol as mobile phase. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC‐Q‐ToF‐MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for structural elucidation. Zeneth and Derek suites were used for in silico assessments.

Results

A total of four degradation products were observed, which were successfully separated on an RP‐HPLC. The structural characterization of three of the four DPs was achieved using LC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS by employing electro spray ionization as well as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Additionally, DP‐3 was isolated using a preparative HPLC and was characterized by NMR. Computationally predicted structures were compared with the experimental observations.

Conclusion

An HPLC method, capable of separating the Imeglimin and its four DPs, was developed and validated as per the ICH Q2(R1) guideline. Structure elucidation reveals a variety of products with metformin as one of the identified DPs along with a metabolite. The toxicity potential of DPs was assessed through docking studies.
Generation Alpha as Corporate Sustainability Promoters? Young Employees' Expectations Regarding Corporate Sustainability and ICT
Authors: Wojtaszczyk Katarzyna , Różańska‐Bińczyk Izabela , Mizera‐Pęczek Patrycja , Syper‐Jędrzejak Marzena , Łuczak Paweł
Published: December 2024

The modern labor market is defined by the simultaneous presence of multiple generations, each possessing distinct values, professional objectives, and expectations toward employers. The youngest cohort, known as Generation Alpha, now entering the labor market, is shaped by the forces of digitalization, globalization, and the growing significance of social issues. The current study aimed to identify Generation Alpha expectations about employers' involvement in corporate sustainability practices and the implementation of ICT in the workplace, as well as to determine the relationship between these expectations. The research inquiry posed was: What are the expectations of the youngest cohort entering the labor market with respect to corporate sustainability and the use of ICT in professional settings? Corporate sustainability has been defined as a three‐dimensional construct that encompasses social, ecological, and economic dimensions. The research was carried out in Poland using an online survey methodology with a sample of 446 respondents selected by quota sampling. The findings corroborated that Generation Alpha places significant importance on corporate sustainability across three dimensions: economic, social, and ecological, with a prominent emphasis on economic security as their priority. It is crucial that members of Generation Alpha, who express expectations regarding the economic dimension of corporate sustainability, also anticipate solutions that address the social and ecological aspects. They perceive ICT in the workplace as a tool that supports the implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Our study provides an original and innovative contribution to the academic literature and addresses a research gap regarding the expectations of Generation Alpha.
Ultra‐Long Lifespan Aqueous Zinc‐Iodine Batteries Enabled by a Defect‐Rich Covalent Triazine Framework
Authors: Zhao Yuliang , Wang Yiyang , Han Yanpeng , Hu Chuangang , Xue Wenjuan , Liu Dong
Published: December 2024

Aqueous Zinc‐iodine batteries (ZIBs) are widely viewed as promising energy storage devices due to their high energy density and intrinsic safety. However, they encounter great challenges such as grievous polyiodides shuttle and sluggish iodine (I2) redox reaction kinetics, thus undesirable cycling performance. Here a high‐performance ZIB with an ultra‐long lifespan is reported through the rational I2 cathode catalyst design. Specifically, a covalent triazine framework with defect‐rich sites and micro‐mesoporous structure (i.e., CTF500) is developed as an effective I2 cathode catalyst. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of micro‐mesoporous structure and defect‐rich sites for the confinement and conversion of I2 species, the resulting ZIBs with I2 loaded CTF500 (I2@CTF500) cathode show an ultra‐long lifespan over 75,000 cycles at 5 A g−1, and an impressive cyclic performance over 15,000 cycles at high I2 loading of 3.59 mg cm−2, highlighting its commercial application prospect. In/ex situ spectral characterizations combined with theoretical calculations clearly reveal the reversible reaction mechanism of I2 species in I2@CTF500 cathode and the essential role of defect‐rich sites in boosting the performance of ZIBs. This work not only guides the design of advanced I2 cathodes for metal–iodine batteries but also expands the range of possible applications for defect‐rich CTFs.
A Novel G‐C3N4 Modified Biogenic Mackinawite Mediated by SRB for Boosting Highly Efficient Adsorption and Catalytic Degradation of Antibiotics in Photo‐Fenton Process
Authors: He Siyu , Wang Xuqian , Tang Langjun , Wang Jiepeng , Chen Jing , Zhang Yongkui
Published: December 2024

FeS‐based nanomaterials are widely used in Fenton‐like reaction of antibiotics degradation. However, the problems of poor stability and low reusability limit the catalytic efficiency. Herein, the study ingeniously introduced the g‐C3N4 into FeS to synthesize g‐C3N4@biogenic FeS (CN‐BF‐1) nanocomposite with strong interaction of iron ions and “N‐pots” by the mediation of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Results indicated the g‐C3N4 accelerated SRB metabolism and improved the mineralization and stability of FeS to well‐crystallized mackinawite. The CN‐BF‐1 can efficiently adsorb and degrade antibiotics compared with FeS and g‐C3N4, and bear a broad pH range which further proved the increase of stability. The toxicity studies showed ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation solution hardly caused ecotoxicity and induced antibiotic resistance genes, while CN‐BF‐1 can be regenerated by SRB in this solution with chemical and enzymatic reduction of Fe(III)‐mud to achieve efficient CIP degradation (99.9%). Finally, the mechanism part showed that CN‐BF‐1 can activate H2O2 to form 1O2 and •OH which played the main roles in the catalysis process. The work paves the way for a novel approach to intensify iron‐based photo‐Fenton system in sustainable remediation of antibiotic wastewater, upon which the high‐efficiency removal and non‐toxic degradation solution of antibiotic contamination are expected.
2D Materials‐Based Field‐Effect Transistor Biosensors for Healthcare
Authors: Li Jingwei , Wijaya Leonardo Nicholas Adi , Jang Dong Wook , Hu Yunxia , You Jiawen , Cai Yuting , Gao Zhaoli , Mi Yongli , Luo Zhengtang
Published: December 2024

The need for accurate point‐of‐care (POC) tools, driven by increasing demands for precise medical diagnostics and monitoring, has accelerated the evolution of biosensor technology. Integrable 2D materials‐based field‐effect transistor (2D FET) biosensors offer label‐free, rapid, and ultrasensitive detection, aligning perfectly with current biosensor trends. Given these advancements, this review focuses on the progress, challenges, and future prospects in the field of 2D FET biosensors. The distinctive physical properties of 2D materials and recent achievements in scalable synthesis are highlighted that significantly improve the manufacturing process and performance of FET biosensors. Additionally, the advancements of 2D FET biosensors are investigated in fatal disease diagnosis and screening, chronic disease management, and environmental hazards monitoring, as well as their integration in flexible electronics. Their promising capabilities shown in laboratory trials accelerate the development of prototype products, while the challenges are acknowledged, related to sensitivity, stability, and scalability that continue to impede the widespread adoption and commercialization of 2D FET biosensors. Finally, current strategies are discussed to overcome these challenges and envision future implications of 2D FET biosensors, such as their potential as smart and sustainable POC biosensors, thereby advancing human healthcare.
Engineering Asymmetric Bimetallic CoM (M = Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu) Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Freestanding Wood‐Derived Carbon Electrodes for Enhanced ORR Kinetics in Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Xu Lian‐Hua , Wang Qichang , Hu Liangdong , Shen Dekui , Chu Sheng , Zhang Huiyan
Published: December 2024

The electrochemical reduction of oxygen is pivotal for advancing emerging energy technologies. Precise control over morphology and electronic structure is essential for enhancing catalytic activity and stability in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this study, a freestanding carbon electrode is developed by in‐situ growth of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐encapsulated bimetallic CoM (M = Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) within a hierarchical carbonized wood matrix (CoM@NWCC). The hierarchically porous architecture of the electrode promotes efficient mass transfer during the ORR. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) analyses revealed that incorporating metals such as Ni, Fe, Mn, and Cu modulates the electronic structure of Co, specifically adjusting the distance between the d‐band center (Ed) and the Fermi level (EF), thus optimizing ORR kinetics. Among these, CoNi@NWCC, with its asymmetric electronic configuration, achieves an optimal balance between OH* and OOH* adsorption, significantly enhancing catalytic performance. This study demonstrates the potential of band structure engineering to precisely tailor catalyst properties, offering a cost‐effective and high‐performance solution for zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) suitable for large‐scale deployment.
Lewis Basicity Enhanced SrFeO3‐δ‐Based Perovskite Fuel Electrode for Surface and Bulk Processes Co‐Accelerated CO2 Reduction in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells
Authors: Liu Dongliang , Chen Zeping , Zhao Yancheng , Li Chang , Gu Yuxing , Xiong Baocheng , Wang Wei , Miao Jie , Zhou Chuan , Ran Ran , Zhou Wei
Published: December 2024

Electroreduction of CO2 to CO by solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) is an effective means to realize carbon neutralization. However, the sluggish kinetics at SOEC fuel electrode impedes its further practical application. Herein, the doping strategy of cesium ion (Cs1+) is employed to develop a series of perovskite‐type fuel electrode materials, i.e., CsxSr1‐xFe0.9Nb0.1O3‐δ (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15). Combining the results of experiments and theoretical calculations, it is found that the introduction of Cs1+ into A‐site of SrFeO3‐δ‐based perovskite accelerates the reaction kinetics of CO2 adsorption and dissociation due to increased lattice oxygen basicity caused by the low electronegativity of Cs1+. In addition, in comparison to Sr2+, the larger ionic radius and lower valence of Cs1+ is beneficial to decrease formation energy of oxygen vacancy and migration barrier of oxygen ion in perovskite bulk. Because of those merits brought by Cs1+ doping, the La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3‐δ electrolyte‐supported electrolysis cells with Cs0.1Sr0.9Fe0.9Nb0.1O3‐δ fuel electrode presents satisfied current density of 2205 mA cm−2 at 1.6 V and 850 °C. The stable long‐term operation of electrolysis cells is also demonstrated at applied current density of 600 mA cm−2 and 800 °C for 100 h.
Smart luminescent nanoclusters with dynamic covalent bond for reversible information encryption
Authors: Chen Bin Bin , Gao Ya Ting , Liu Meng Li , Li Da Wei , Liu Qian , Zhao Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2024

Luminescent nanoclusters (NCs) have attracted much attention because of their superior photophysical properties; however, the design of dynamic NCs with reversible structural change is highly challenging. Herein, we synthesize a kind of dynamic luminescent NCs through Schiff base crosslinking between triethylenetetramine (TETA) and tannic acid at room temperature. The proposed NCs have an excitation‐independent blue emission, and the maximum emission is available at about 458 nm with two excitation centers. Furthermore, the crosslinking degree of the NCs can be effectively adjusted by TETA and their formation is a kinetic‐control process. Most importantly, the proposed NCs show a property of pH‐controlled reversible depolymerization and polymerization, accompanied by a cyclic “on‐off‐on” photoswitching, which is directly attributed to pH‐stimulated reversible C=N bond cleavage and re‐formation. Because of the reversible structure change properties, the dynamic NCs have been well used in reversible information encryption. This new finding provides not only us with a powerful strategy to study the structure–properties relationship of luminescent NCs but also a design idea for constructing smart optical nanomaterials.
A Relationship Between Semiconducting Thin Film's Electronic Structure Heterogeneity and Defect Tolerance
Authors: Gmucová Katarína , Nádaždy Vojtech
Published: December 2024

Analyzing the defect states presence in semiconductors and understanding their impact on charge transport is essential to the solar cells' functionality. In recent years, there has been a focus on the concept of “defect tolerance” observed in perovskite solar cells. The energy‐resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ER‐EIS) is crucial for measuring the density distribution of defect states in the energy scale from valence to conductance band (or from HOMO to LUMO) and their spatial localization on a thin film. In this study, the aim is to better understand the concept of “defect‐tolerant materials” by comparing the surface and bulk densities of defect states obtained from ER‐EIS with the loss tangent at the frequency where the redox reactions determine the real part of the impedance. This comparison shows that the heterogeneity of the electronic structure across the thin film manifested as a higher surface density of states significantly impacts the failure of “defect tolerance” properties. The proposed procedure, being fast and efficient, has potential in the search for new materials and effective technological procedures for the conversion of solar energy into electricity.
Investigation on the Weldability of Developed High‐Strength Hull Structure Steel
Authors: Lei Xuan‐Wei , Jiang Chun‐Long , Sun Li , Luo Xiang , Cheng Zhi
Published: December 2024

The weldability of a developed high‐strength hull structure steel is investigated using a coarse‐grained heat‐affected zone (CGHAZ) thermal simulation and duplex double welding under a heat input of ≈20 kJ cm−1. From the results, the average impact test energy at −50 °C for the simulated CGHAZ samples is 142 J and for samples with V‐notch position 0.5 mm from the fusion line (FL) was 152 J. The impact test energies for the V‐notch position at the FL also show good toughness. The simulated samples and samples from the weld joint are machined into standard sizes to test their tensile strengths, which meet the request high strength. It is concluded that the high strength of the CGHAZ is mainly due to phase transformation and is supplemented by solid solution strengthening. The good low‐temperature toughness is mainly due to the high Ni content. All the results are comparable to the reported mechanical property test results of the weld joint of navy HSLA‐100 steel under a similar heat input. This suggests that the developed high‐strength hull structure steel exhibits satisfactory weldability.
BoLA‐DRB3 alleles influence proviral load and peripheral blood lymphocyte distribution in bovine leukaemia virus‐infected cattle
Authors: Kobayashi Kenichiro , Katakura Yuki , Ito Yui , Kato Masaki , Goto Yoshiaki , Nakajima Hiromi
Published: December 2024

Background

Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV)‐infected Holstein cattle carrying certain bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)‐DRB3 alleles were previously shown to be resistant to BLV provirus multiplication, while those carrying other alleles were susceptible. This study aimed to determine whether the BoLA‐DRB3 alleles carried by BLV‐infected cattle could predict proviral load (PVL) and peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) count distribution (PVL/PBL distribution).

Methods

Blood samples from Holstein cattle on four dairy farms were tested for the presence of BLV antibodies using a commercial ELISA. The PVL and PBL levels of the BLV‐infected cattle were also measured, and genotyping was performed to identify the BoLA‐DRB3 alleles they carried, impact of the various BoLA‐DRB3 alleles on the PVL/PBL distribution was then investigated.

Results

Of the 316 cattle tested, 114 were positive for BLV. BLV‐infected cattle carrying BoLA‐DRB3 alleles DRB3*009:02, DRB3*002:01 and DRB3*014:01:01 were classified as resistant (n = 43), those carrying DRB3*012:01 and DRB3*015:01 alleles were classified as susceptible (n = 42) and the remaining cattle were classified as nonsusceptible/nonresistant (n = 29). Multiple regression analysis revealed that PVL was positively correlated (p = 2.1 × 10−23) with PBL count and age was negatively correlated (p = 1.9 × 10−6) with PBL count. Cattle with DRB3*014:01:01 tended to have a lower PBL count (p = 0.031).

Limitation

The effects of the BoLA‐DRB3 alleles DRB3*002:01, DRB3*009:02, DRB3*012:01 and DRB3*015:01 on PVL/PBL distribution were unclear due to the small numbers of BLV‐infected animals carrying these alleles.

Conclusion

The BLV transmission risk in cattle can be estimated by examining their BoLA‐DRB3 alleles.
Spinal metastases in primary thyroid malignancies: Single center experience of 44 cases
Authors: Ahmed Basir , Jonathan Edmond , Paul M. J. , Prabhu Krishna
Published: December 2024

Background

Patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma have a 10 year survival rate of more than 95%. However, the existence of spinal metastases significantly reduces overall survival. In this study, we review the epidemiology and outcomes of patients with thyroid malignancies with spinal metastases.

Method

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 44 patients with thyroid malignancy and spinal metastases treated at our institution from 2008 to 2021, evaluating the outcome parameters by analyzing demographic, clinical and radiological profiles.

Results

The median age upon presentation was 58 years (range ‐ 35 to 80 years). 54.5% had single‐level involvement. The thoracic spine exhibited the highest incidence of involvement, followed by the transitional zones and lumbar spine. The most common presenting features were spinal and radicular pain followed by myelopathy. In 77.3% of cases, the pathology was identified as the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. A total of 81.8% of patients underwent total thyroidectomy, with 84% receiving iodine ablation and 61.3% undergoing locoregional radiotherapy. Surgical intervention for spinal metastases was performed in 18 individuals (40.9%). There was significant improvement in the postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score in the operated group (p‐value of 0.000). Overall, no significant difference was observed in the OS and PFS between the operated and non‐operated groups except for the subset of patients who underwent postoperative radiation therapy (p‐value of 0.013).

Conclusion

Vertebral metastasectomy in primary thyroid malignancies is associated with significant pain relief. Patients who receive postoperative radiotherapy perform better than patients who either undergo metastasectomy or radiation therapy.
Nonlinear approximation for mixed convection flow near a vertical porous plate with combined effects of nonlinear thermal radiation and exponentially decaying internal heat generation
Authors: Samaila Gabriel , Jha Basant K.
Published: December 2024

This study considered a dynamic feature of mixed convection flow from a vertical porous plate with the combined effects of nonlinear thermal radiation and exponentially decaying heat generation. The importance of the nonlinear density variation with temperature (NDT), suction/injection, and convecting heating is also analyzed. The reduced ODEs are solved numerically through Runge‐Kutta Ferhlberg fourth‐fifth order in Maple 2022 software. The results obtained show that, by increasing the strength of the mixed convection process, the internal heat generated covects away lesser fluid particles and hence enhances the rate of heat flowing from the porous plate for both suction/injection scenarios. For weak particle suction/injection, the heat flowing from the porous plate into the free stream region increases at a higher internal heat generation parameter. At a higher Prandtl number, lesser fluid is accumulated in the boundary layer, which in turn decreases the plate shear stress. For weak convection and suction/injection effects, the rate at which the heat flowing from the plate into the free stream increases with convective heat transfer propagation. Suction propagation decreases the boundary layer thickness, which consequently enhances the heat transfer rate, whereas the opposite is true for injection.
Orthosymplectic quotient quiver subtraction
Authors: Bennett Sam , Hanany Amihay , Kumaran Guhesh
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The technique of orthosymplectic quotient quiver subtraction is introduced. This involves subtraction of an orthosymplectic quotient quiver from a 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 orthosymplectic quiver gauge theory which has the effect of gauging subgroups of the IR Coulomb branch global symmetry. Orthosymplectic quotient quivers for SU(2), SU(3), G2, and SO(7) are found and derived from Type IIA brane systems involving negatively charged branes for certain 6d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) gauge theories. Orthosymplectic quotient quiver subtraction is applied to magnetic quivers for nilpotent orbit closures providing new orthosymplectic counterparts to known unitary quivers. New Coulomb branch constructions are found such as for two height four nilpotent orbit closures of F4 and one of height three. A novel application is to find magnetic quivers and Type IIA brane systems for the 6d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) worldvolume theory of two $$ \frac{1}{2}\textrm{M}5 $$

1
2

M
5
branes on E6 Klein singularity and for 6d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) (E6, E6) conformal matter. These give a perturbative Lagrangian realisation to the dynamics of strongly interacting M5 branes. The magnetic quiver for 6d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) (E6, E6) conformal matter is star-shaped and can also be interpreted as a magnetic quiver for a class $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
theory specified by SO(26) algebra on a three-punctured sphere.
Towards unifying perturbative and Holographic Light-Front QCD via holomorphic coupling
Authors: Ayala César , Cvetič Gorazd
Published: December 2024

Abstract

We construct a QCD coupling $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
(Q2) in the Effective Charge (ECH) scheme of the canonical part d(Q2) of the (inelastic) polarised Bjorken Sum Rule (BSR) $$ {\overline{\Gamma}}_1^{\textrm{p}-\textrm{n}} $$

Γ
¯

1

p
−
n

(Q2). In the perturbative domain, the coupling $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
(Q2) practically coincides with the perturbative coupling a(Q2) [≡ αs(Q2)/π] in the four-loop ECH renormalisation scheme. In the deep infrared (IR) regime, $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
(Q2) behaves as suggested by the Holographic Light-Front QCD up to the second derivative. Furthermore, in contrast to its perturbative counterpart a(Q2), the coupling $$ \mathcal{A} $$
A
(Q2) is holomorphic in the entire complex Q2-plane with the exception of the negative semiaxis, reflecting the holomorphic properties of the BSR observable d(Q2) [or: $$ {\overline{\Gamma}}_1^{\textrm{p}-\textrm{n}} $$

Γ
¯

1

p
−
n

(Q2)] as dictated by the general principles of the Quantum Field Theory. It turns out that the obtained coupling, used as ECH, reproduces quite well the experimental data for $$ {\overline{\Gamma}}_1^{\textrm{p}-\textrm{n}} $$

Γ
¯

1

p
−
n

(Q2) in the entire Nf = 3 regime 0 < Q2 ≲ 5 GeV2.
Erratum to: Bootstrapping smooth conformal defects in Chern-Simons-matter theories
Authors: Gabai Barak , Sever Amit , Zhong De-liang
Published: December 2024

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2024)055
$$ \mathcal{O} $$(rN) two-form asymptotic symmetries and renormalized charges
Authors: Romoli Matteo
Published: December 2024

Abstract

We investigate $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(rN) asymptotic symmetries for a two-form gauge field in four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. By employing symplectic renormalization, we identify N independent asymptotic charges, with each charge being parametrised by an arbitrary function of the angular variables. Working in Lorenz gauge, the gauge parameters require a radial expansion involving logarithmic (subleading) terms to ensure nontrivial angular dependence at leading order. At the same time, we adopt a setup where the field strength admits a power expansion, allowing logarithms in the gauge field expansions within pure gauge sectors. The same setup is studied for electromagnetism.
Intrauterine blood transfusion causes dose- and time-dependent signal alterations in the liver and the spleen on fetal magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Schwarz Michael , Schmidbauer Victor Ulrich , Malik Jakob , Nowak Nikolaus Michael , Kienast Patric , Watzenboeck Martin , Stuempflen Marlene , Schwarz Caroline , Kittinger Jakob , Bettelheim Dieter , Haberl Christina , Binder Julia , Kiss Herbert , Reiberger Thomas , Prayer Daniela , Kasprian Gregor
Published: December 2024

Background

Intrauterine transfusions (IUTs) are a life-saving treatment for fetal anemia. However, with each transfusion, iron bypasses uptake regulation through the placenta and accumulates in fetal organs. Unlike other imaging modalities, fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is capable of non-invasively assessing fetal liver disease and/or organ iron overload. This study aimed to investigate the effects of IUTs on MRI findings in the fetal liver and spleen.

Study design

For this retrospective study, we included eight fetuses undergoing IUT and prenatal MRI from 2014 to 2023. The fetuses were gestational age-matched with a cohort that received fetal MRI for other indications, but no IUTs. Signal intensity (SI) and volumetric analyses of the liver and the spleen were performed.

Results

Fetuses receiving transfusions had significantly larger volumes of both liver (p = 0.003) and spleen (p = 0.029). T1 SI inversely correlated with the number of IUTs (Pearson’s r = −0.43, p = 0.099). This effect regressed over time (r = 0.69, p = 0.057). T2 SI did not correlate significantly with transfusion frequency but showed a strong positive correlation with the number of days between IUT and MRI (r = 0.91, p = 0.002). For splenic SI measures, similar effects were observed regarding T1 SI reduction per received transfusion (r = −0.36, p = 0.167) and recovery of T2 SI after IUT (r = 0.88, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

This is the first study to report the effects of IUTs on MRI data of fetal livers and spleens. We observed considerable dose- and time-dependent SI alterations of the liver and spleen following IUT. Furthermore, fetal hepatosplenomegaly can be expected following IUT.

Key Points

Question

What fetal changes are found by MRI after life-saving intrauterine transfusion (IUT)?

Findings

Dose- and time-dependent reductions in signal intensity of the fetal liver and spleen, as well as hepatosplenomegaly, were found after intrauterine transfusion.

Clinical relevance

Intrauterine transfusions cause transient iron overload with consequential changes in MRI signal intensity of fetal livers and spleens. Fetal hepatosplenomegaly can be expected following transfusions. Radiologists’ awareness of changes following IUT may improve report quality.

Graphical Abstract
Parking and Public Health
Authors: Garber Michael D. , Benmarhnia Tarik , Mason Jacob , Morales‐Zamora Emily , Rojas-Rueda David
Published: December 2024

Purpose of Review

Parking is a ubiquitous feature of the built environment, but its implications for public health are under-examined. This narrative review synthesizes literature to describe pathways through which parking may affect population health.

Recent Findings

We begin by contextualizing the issue, outlining key terminology, the sheer scale of land dedicated to parking, and the historical factors that led to this dominant land use. Next, we delineate four pathways linking parking with public health: 1) Promoting driving and car dependency, affecting air pollution, greenhouse-gas emissions, physical activity, traffic-related injuries and fatalities, and accessibility; 2) Creating impervious surfaces, with consequences for urban heat, flooding, water pollution, and green space; 3) Affecting housing affordability and associated health outcomes of this social determinant; and 4) Design, construction, and maintenance, the health impacts of which include on-street parking’s positive and negative impacts on safety for all roadway users, air-quality effects of parking’s construction and maintenance, and the potential for green parking lots to mitigate some health consequences of impervious surfaces.

While evidence supports each pathway, additional empirical research is needed to evaluate impacts of parking on public-health outcomes. As a dominant feature of the built environment with many health implications, parking warrants attention by public-health research and practice.
Price discrimination in a double horizontal differentiated duopoly market
Authors: Mehlum Halvor
Published: December 2024

Using a model of double horizontal differentiation, in which a variety dimension is added to a “linear city” duopoly model, I show that even when costs and demand are symmetric, price discrimination may be an equilibrium phenomenon. In the model, each customer has a preferred variety and a preferred firm. Customers have perfect information about all prices and may be induced to switch varieties and firms given a sufficient price difference. The price discrimination equilibrium exists when a sufficient subset of consumers are particularly price sensitive with respect both to variety and firm.
A green approach for morphology and size-controlled fabrication of cerium oxide using leaf extract of Mangifera indica for photocatalytic activities
Authors: Matussin Shaidatul Najihah , Khan Mohammad Mansoob
Published: December 2024

Green synthesis offers environmental benefits and prevents harmful by-products. This article reports on the green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Mangifera indica (M. indica) and an investigation of its photocatalytic activity. M. indica has not yet been reported to be used in the synthesis of CeO2 NPs. CeO2 NPs were synthesized using two different precursors; Ce(NO3)3·6H2O and CeCl3·7H2O with two different concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts of M. indica at 80 °C. The products were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The two different precursors have shown differences in the structural and morphological properties of the synthesized CeO2 NPs. The XRD results indicated that the crystallite size was in the range from 13 to 18 nm. FT-IR detected the presence of organic functional groups on the surface of the synthesized CeO2 NPs. The morphology and average particle size of the produced CeO2 NPs, which ranged from 42 to 90 nm, were revealed by FE-SEM. Photocatalytic activities findings showed that CeO2 synthesized with a low concentration of aqueous leaf extract and Ce nitrate as precursor showed the highest percentage (17–19%) of photocatalytic transformation of 4-nitrophenol to 4-nitrophenolate ion under visible light irradiation. This confirms that the amount of extract and type of anions play a critical role in the fabrication of responsive and active CeO2 NPs. This also confirms that CeO2 synthesized through a green synthesis method may potentially give a response for visible light irradiation activities.