bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platination of cysteine by an epidermal growth factor receptor kinase-targeted hybrid agent
Authors: Yang Mu , Wu Hanzhi , Chu Julie , Gabriel Lucas A. , Kim Y. , Anderson Karen S. , Furdui Cristina M. , Bierbach Ulrich
Published: June 2018

Platinum-modified tyrosine kinase inhibitors show strong and selective EGFR kinase binding and form adducts with a pharmacologically relevant cysteine residue.
Spatially-ordered nano-sized crystallites formed by dehydration-induced single crystal cracking of CuCl2·2(H2O)
Authors: Chizhik Stanislav , Matvienko Alexander , Sidelnikov Anatoly
Published: June 2018

The dehydration of CuCl2·2(H2O) crystals is studied as an example of a fracture-assisted chemical reaction. The structure of the combined reaction–fracture front undergoes a spontaneous morphology transition, leading to spatial ordering and 8-fold acceleration of the reaction.
Overgrowth of Bi2Te3 nanoislands on Fe-based epitaxial ferromagnetic layers
Authors: Takagaki Yukihiko , Herfort Jens , Ramsteiner Manfred , Jahn Uwe , Jenichen Bernd
Published: June 2018

Bi2Te3 is deposited by hot wall epitaxy in an attempt to form nanosheets on epitaxially-grown ferromagnetic layers of Fe, Fe3Si and Co2FeSi.
Two-dimensional pentagonal CrX (X = S, Se or Te) monolayers: antiferromagnetic semiconductors for spintronics and photocatalysts
Authors: Chen Wenzhou , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Shi Xingqiang , Pan Hui
Published: June 2018

This work proposes a new family of 2D pentagonal CrX (X = S, Se or Te) monolayers for their applications into electronics, spintronics and photocatalysis, based on the first-principles calculations.
Native defect-assisted enhanced response to CH4 near room temperature by Al0.07Ga0.93N nanowires
Authors: Parida Santanu , Das A. , Prasad Arun K. , Ghatak Jay , Dhara Sandip
Published: June 2018

Enhanced CH4 sensing with sufficient sensitivity of 100 ppm at 50 °C is realized for Al0.07Ga0.93N nanowires by utilizing native defects.
A novel mechanism of heme degradation to biliverdin studied by QM/MM and QM calculations
Authors: Alavi Fatemeh Sadat , Gheidi Mahin , Zahedi Mansour , Safari Nasser , Ryde Ulf
Published: June 2018

Heme degradation by heme oxygenase enzymes is important for maintaining iron homeostasis and prevention of oxidative stress.
Electrocatalytic proton reduction by an air-stable nickel(ii)-thiolato PNN pincer complex
Authors: Yap Chew Pheng , Chong Yuan Yi , Chwee Tsz Sian , Fan Wai Yip
Published: June 2018

ElectroProton reduction catalysed by an air-stable nickel pincer complex.
A highly selective conversion of toxic nitrobenzene to nontoxic aminobenzene by Cu2O/Bi/Bi2MoO6
Authors: Wu Yuhang , Song Meiting , Wang Qijun , Wang Ting , Wang Xiaojing
Published: June 2018

Cu2O/Bi/Bi2MoO6, a ternary catalyst, was expertly prepared using an in situ catalytic reduction reaction.
A P–H functionalized Al/P-based frustrated Lewis pair – hydrophosphination of nitriles, ring opening with cyclopropenones and evidence of PC double bond formation
Authors: Keweloh Lukas , Aders Niklas , Hepp Alexander , Pleschka Damian , Würthwein Ernst-Ulrich , Uhl Werner
Published: June 2018

A P–H functionalized FLP reacted with RX-CN by hydrophosphination. Ring opening by treatment with cyclopropenthione resulted in PC bond formation.
Architecture of yolk–shell structured mesoporous silica nanospheres for catalytic applications
Authors: Wang Xue , He Yapeng , Ma Yali , Liu Junmin , Liu Yunling , Qiao Zhen-An , Huo Qisheng
Published: June 2018

We report the design and realization of yolk–shell structured nanospheres with periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) nanospheres or noble metal nanoparticles encapsulated in mesoporous silica shellsviaa selective etching method.
Correction: An electron transfer driven magnetic switch: ferromagnetic exchange and spin delocalization in iron verdazyl complexes
Authors: Brook David J. R. , Fleming Connor , Chung Dorothy , Richardson Cardius , Ponce Servando , Das Raja , Srikanth Hariharan , Heindl Ranko , Noll Bruce C.
Published: June 2018

Correction for ‘An electron transfer driven magnetic switch: ferromagnetic exchange and spin delocalization in iron verdazyl complexes’ by David J. R. Brook et al., Dalton Trans., 2018, 47, 6351–6360.
Efficient biorefinery of waste activated sludge and vinegar residue into volatile fatty acids: effect of feedstock conditioning on performance and microbiology
Authors: Zhou Aijuan , Liu Zhihong , Varrone Cristiano , Luan Yunbo , Liu Wenzong , Wang Aijie , Yue Xiuping
Published: June 2018

Biorefinery of waste activated sludge into carboxylic acids, particularly low molecular fatty acids, is of major interest due to its carbonaceous characteristics.
Carbene-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of isoquinolinium salts: efficient synthesis of isoquinolinones
Authors: Wang Guanjie , Hu Wanyao , Hu Zhouli , Zhang Yuxia , Yao Wei , Li Lin , Fu Zhenqian , Huang Wei
Published: June 2018

A mild and environmentally friendly carbene-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of isoquinolinium salts was successfully realized.
Discovery of a tetrazolyl β-carboline within vitroandin vivoosteoprotective activity under estrogen-deficient conditions
Authors: Karvande Anirudha , Khan Shahnawaz , Khan Irfan , Singh Deepti , Khedgikar Vikram , Kushwaha Priyanka , Ahmad Naseer , Kothari Priyanka , Dhasmana Anupam , Kant Ruchir , Trivedi Ritu , Chauhan Prem M. S.
Published: June 2018

β-Carboline derivative8gprevents estrogen deficiency induced TNFα directed IKK activation and bone loss.
The first report of the synthesis of organo-functionalized triethoxysilanes via a Knoevenagel condensation approach
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Singh Akshpreet , Satija Pinky , Chowdhary Kavita
Published: June 2018

The present work involves the design of a new synthetic pathway for the preparation of organo-functionalized triethoxysilanes (OTES) via Knoevenagel condensation.
Electrochemistry of layered metal diborides
Authors: Mazánek Vlastimil , Nahdi Hindia , Luxa Jan , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin
Published: June 2018

In the last decade, layered materials and their 2D counterparts, such as graphene, transition metal chalcogenides or black phosphorus, have been tested for their electrocatalytic properties.
Reversible star assembly of polyolefins using interconversion between boroxine and boronic acid
Authors: Tanaka Ryo , Tonoko Naoki , Kihara Shin-ichi , Nakayama Yuushou , Shiono Takeshi
Published: June 2018

The reversible star formation of polyolefins, with boronic acid modified chain-ends, was achieved.
RNA: packaged and protected by VLPs
Authors: Fang Po-Yu , Bowman Jessica C. , Gómez Ramos Lizzette M. , Hsiao Chiaolong , Williams Loren Dean
Published: June 2018

VLP packaging is most efficient for compact RNA, and protects RNA against assault by small diffusible damaging agents.
Development, modification, and application of low-cost and available biochar derived from corn straw for the removal of vanadium(v) from aqueous solution and real contaminated groundwater
Authors: Meng Ruihong , Chen Tan , Zhang Yaxin , Lu Wenjing , Liu Yanting , Lu Tianchu , Liu Yanjun , Wang Hongtao
Published: June 2018

In this work, a low-cost and available material for use as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to prevent vanadium in groundwater from leaking into river water was developed.
Characterization of palladium species after γ-irradiation of a TBP–alkane–Pd(NO3)2system
Authors: Simon Bénédicte , Bouyer Christine , De Sio Stéphanie , Berthon Claude , Boubals Nathalie , Miserque Frédéric , Brackx Emmanuelle , Raymond Nicole , Chagnes Alexandre , Berthon Laurence
Published: June 2018

The γ-irradiation of a biphasic system composed of tri-n-butylphosphate in tetrapropylene hydrogen (TPH) in contact with palladium(ii) nitrate in nitric acid aqueous solution led to the formation of two precipitates.
5-Selenocyanato and 5-trifluoromethanesulfonyl derivatives of 2′-deoxyuridine: synthesis, radiation and computational chemistry as well as cytotoxicity
Authors: Makurat Samanta , Zdrowowicz Magdalena , Chomicz-Mańka Lidia , Kozak Witold , Serdiuk Illia E. , Wityk Paweł , Kawecka Alicja , Sosnowska Marta , Rak Janusz
Published: June 2018

Two 5-substituted-2′-deoxyuridine derivatives, SeCNdU and OTfdU, have been obtained and evaluated for their radiosensitizing potential.
Synthesis of cyclic chiral α-amino boronates by copper-catalyzed asymmetric dearomative borylation of indoles
Authors: Chen Lili , Shen Jun-Jian , Gao Qian , Xu Senmiao
Published: June 2018

A copper-catalyzed asymmetric dearomative borylation of indoles has been developed to furnish chiral α-amino boronate esters for the first time.
Multi-cation crosslinked anion exchange membranes from microporous Tröger's base copolymers
Authors: Hu Chuan , Zhang Qiugen , Lin Chenxiao , Lin Zhen , Li Ling , Soyekwo Faizal , Zhu Aimei , Liu Qinglin
Published: June 2018

The multi-cation cross-linked AEMs based on Tröger's base promote the formation of continuous ion diffusion channels. The prepared AEMs, with the size of ion channels in the range of 15–26 nm, have good dimensional stability and excellent alkali resistance while exhibiting a high hydroxide conductivity of 103.9 mS cm−1 (80 °C) at a low IEC of 1.67 meq g−1.
Triple phase boundary augmentation in hierarchical, Pt grafted N-doped mesoporous carbon nanofibers for high performance and durable PEM fuel cells
Authors: Karuppanan Karthikeyan K. , Raghu Appu V. , Panthalingal Manoj Kumar , Ramanathan Sivasubramanian , Kumaresan Thanarajan , Pullithadathil Biji
Published: June 2018

Pt-grafted, hierarchical mesoporous carbon nanofibers (Pt/MPCNFs) electrocatalysts have been developed using electrospinning for high-performance PEM fuel cells.
Novel multifunctional polymethylsilsesquioxane–silk fibroin aerogel hybrids for environmental and thermal insulation applications
Authors: Maleki Hajar , Whitmore Lawrence , Hüsing Nicola
Published: June 2018

The first PMSQ–silk fibroin aerogel hybrids through a green synthesis approach have been developed and displayed a competency for a broad range of applications.
Electrodeposited single-crystalline PbCrO4 microrods for photoelectrochemical water oxidation: enhancement of minority carrier diffusion
Authors: Cho Sung Ki , Akbar Ramavi , Kang Jinseok , Lee Won-Hee , Park Hyun S.
Published: June 2018

Electrodeposited single-crystalline PbCrO4 microrods are highly active toward photoelectrochemical water oxidation.
Fundamentals of icing and common strategies for designing biomimetic anti-icing surfaces
Authors: Li Qi , Guo Zhiguang
Published: June 2018

This review provides a comprehensive insight from the mechanism of ice formation and growth to the common biomimetic strategies for designing passive anti-icing/ice-phobic materials, which is expected to serve as a touchstone for further development of interface science and bring new perspective to settle the atmospheric-icing-triggered security and efficiency problems.
Solvent-free synthesis of a porous thiophene polymer by mechanochemical oxidative polymerization
Authors: Grätz S. , Oltermann M. , Troschke E. , Paasch S. , Krause S. , Brunner E. , Borchardt L.
Published: June 2018

An oxidative polymerization reaction was brought into the solvent-free environment of a ball mill, yielding a porous polymer with a defined structure and high surface area.
Nanofibrous membranes with surface migration of functional groups for ultrafast wastewater remediation
Authors: Xu Yuanting , Yuan Dandan , Bao Jianxu , Xie Yi , He Min , Shi Zhengqiang , Chen Shengqiu , He Chao , Zhao Weifeng , Zhao Changsheng
Published: June 2018

Nanofibrous membranes with surface migration of hydrophilic and negatively charged groups were designed for ultrafast water purification and smart dye separation.
Superior lithium ion conduction of polymer electrolyte with comb-like structure via solvent-free copolymerization for bipolar all-solid-state lithium battery
Authors: Wei Zhenyao , Chen Shaojie , Wang Junye , Wang Zhihao , Zhang Zhihua , Yao Xiayin , Deng Yonghong , Xu Xiaoxiong
Published: June 2018

Bipolar cell with high voltage of 6.07 V is assembled, which is extremely beneficial for the volume energy density improving and cost decreasing as well as the enhancement of the reliability of the cell packs.
Growth factor-free salt-leached silk scaffolds for differentiating endothelial cells
Authors: Xiao Liying , Zhu Caihong , Ding Zhaozhao , Liu Shanshan , Yao Danyu , Lu Qiang , Kaplan David L
Published: June 2018

Various kinetic factors were introduced into a traditional salt-leached process to prepare silk scaffolds with tunable mechanical properties and vascularisation capacity.
Active and passive modulation of solar light transmittance in a hybrid thermochromic soft-matter system for energy-saving smart window applications
Authors: Liang Xiao , Chen Mei , Wang Qian , Guo Shumeng , Zhang Lanying , Yang Huai
Published: June 2018

In this work, we promote a new hybrid liquid crystals/vanadium dioxide thermochromic system for solar light control and energy-saving smart window applications.
High efficiency (∼100 lm W−1) hybrid WOLEDs by simply introducing ultrathin non-doped phosphorescent emitters in a blue exciplex host
Authors: Ying Shian , Yao Jingwen , Chen Yuwen , Ma Dongge
Published: June 2018

A simple but efficacious structure comprising exciplex combined with non-doped ultrathin layer has been applied for ultrahigh-performance hybrid WOLEDs.
Substantially improved energy density of SrTiO3 thin film by cyclic cooling–heating and the interfacial blocking effect
Authors: Gao Wenbin , Yao Manwen , Yao Xi
Published: June 2018

From the micro level, internal defects were restored after cyclic cooling–heating. On the macro level, a blocking layer (AO) was generated between the STO film and Al electrode during the I–V test. The maximum energy density was 30.31 J cm−3 after micro and macro modification.
Exciton energy transfer in organic light emitting diodes with thermally activated delayed fluorescence dopants
Authors: Lyskov Igor , Etinski Mihajlo , Marian Christel M. , Russo Salvy P.
Published: June 2018

The role of the mutual orientation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence dopants and their complementary fluorophores in organic light emitting diodes.
The effect of N,N-dimethylformamide on MAPbI3 nanowires for application in flexible photodetectors
Authors: Wu Dingjun , Zhou Hai , Song Zehao , Liu Ronghuan , Wang Hao
Published: June 2018

Flexible MAPbI3 perovskite nanowire photodetector.
Delayed death following paraquat poisoning: three case reports and a literature review
Authors: Shadnia Shahin , Ebadollahi-Natanzi Alireza , Ahmadzadeh Saeid , Karami-Mohajeri Somayyeh , Pourshojaei Yaghoub , Rahimi Hamid Reza
Published: June 2018

Paraquat (PQ) poisoning is principally reported in developing countries. However, most fatalities occur elsewhere due to the induction of multi-organ failure. PQ poisoning can hardly be managed by clinical practice, and no specific antidote has come into existence yet. Here three cases, including 17-, 20-, and 23-year-old men, who were poisoned with PQ, have been reported. Furthermore, the literature regarding biological mechanisms, clinical manifestation, and treatment of PQ-induced toxicity was reviewed. Patients who, either intentionally or accidentally, ingested PQ earlier were initially found to be stable at the emergency department (ED). Therefore, they were discharged from the hospital under a follow-up. However, after several days, the patients were referred to the hospital for the second time and despite cardiovascular resuscitation (CPR) efforts, they suddenly expired. The delayed death following exposure to PQ was reported for inducing gradual progressive pulmonary fibrosis, metabolic acidosis, neurotoxicity, renal failure, and liver injury in poisoned patients. Therefore, PQ-intoxicated patients should be supervised for up to several weeks, and kept in the hospital for a longer period of time. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings are beneficial markers that act as useful predictors of PQ poisoning.
PCSK9 in cholesterol metabolism: from bench to bedside
Authors: Reiss Allison B. , Shah Neal , Muhieddine Dalia , Zhen Juan , Yudkevich Jennifer , Kasselman Lora J. , DeLeon Joshua
Published: June 2018

Dyslipidemia, and specifically elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors. Statins are considered first line therapy for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, statins may not be adequate treatment for elevated circulating LDL levels and are ineffective in certain familial hypercholesterolemias. The discovery of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a regulatory protein that affects LDL receptors, offers a new alternative for these patients. Moreover, gain-of-function PCSK9 mutations were discovered to be the root cause of familial autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. Inhibition of PSCK9 reduces plasma LDL levels, even in patients for whom statins are ineffective or not tolerated. Alirocumab and evolocumab, human monoclonal antibodies that inhibit PCSK9, have been approved to lower LDL levels. While there are drawbacks to these treatments, including adverse events, administration by subcutaneous injection, and high cost, these drugs are indicated for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and familial hypercholesterolemia as adjunct to diet and maximally tolerated statin therapy. PCSK9 inhibitors may work synergistically with statins to lower LDL. Novel approaches to PCSK9 inhibition are currently in development with the aim of providing safe and effective treatment options to decrease cardiovascular event burden, ideally at lower cost and with oral bioavailability.
Method for fixing harmonic injection share of utility or consumer or both at the point of energy metering
Authors: Jaiswal Supriya , Ballal Makarand S
Published: June 2018

This study presents a method to establish the harmonic injection responsibility of either utility or consumer or both at the energy metering point. The method involves voltage and current harmonic components extraction using fast discrete stockwell transform (FDST). FDST overcomes the limitations of fast Fourier transform (FFT) and thus gives more accurate magnitude and phase angle information of harmonic components irrespective of noise effect. These harmonic components are utilised in phasor analysis to derive harmonic indices which arbitrates the responsible source for harmonic injection at the metering point. Energy billing is proposed based on evaluation of percentage harmonic injection responsibility which eradicates the drawback of conventional billing method. Several experimental cases are presented in order to validate the reliability, accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed technique for different supply and loading conditions. The proposed method is implemented over LabVIEW to show its feasibility in real‐time scenario. The proposed energy billing scheme can be implemented in the existing energy meters and harmonic contribution share is easily attainable without any prior knowledge of network parameters.
Synthesis of LaTbx Oy :Eu3+ nanowire arrays and study of performances on fluorescence enhancement and red shift
Authors: Wang Qian , Feng Jie , Peng Guangzheng , Zhang Tong , Xiang Ji , Li Peng , Ye Lina , Yuan Xiaoyou
Published: June 2018

Highly ordered LaTbx Oy :Eu3+ nanowire arrays have been synthesised in anodic aluminium oxide template by chemical co‐deposition at negative pressure suction, it is amorphous and with homogeneous morphologies. There are two peaks at 619 and 704 nm with excitation wavelength of 394 nm, which have red shift slightly relative to the 5 D0–2 F2 and 5 D0–7 F4 energy level transition of Eu3+, and Tb3+ exhibits strong fluorescence enhancement and sensitisation in LaTbx Oy :Eu3+ nanowire arrays with the existence of La3+. The fluorescence intensity of LaTbx Oy :Eu3+ nanowire arrays is related to the doping concentration of Eu3+ ion. When the doping concentration of Eu3+ is 8%, the fluorescence intensity reaches a maximum, and remarkably decreases at higher concentrations.
Dynamics of nanodust particles emitted from elongated initial orbits
Authors: Czechowski A. , Mann I.
Published: June 2018

Context. Because of high charge-to-mass ratio, the nanodust dynamics near the Sun is determined by interplay between the gravity and the electromagnetic forces. Depending on the point where it was created, a nanodust particle can either be trapped in a non-Keplerian orbit, or escape away from the Sun, reaching large velocity. The main source of nanodust is collisional fragmentation of larger dust grains, moving in approximately circular orbits inside the circumsolar dust cloud. Nanodust can also be released from cometary bodies, with highly elongated orbits.

Aims. We use numerical simulations and theoretical models to study the dynamics of nanodust particles released from the parent bodies moving in elongated orbits around the Sun. We attempt to find out whether these particles can contribute to the trapped nanodust population.

Methods. We use two methods: the motion of nanodust is described either by numerical solutions of full equations of motion, or by a two-dimensional (heliocentric distance vs. radial velocity) model based on the guiding-center approximation. Three models of the solar wind are employed, with different velocity profiles. Poynting–Robertson and the ion drag are included.

Results. We find that the nanodust emitted from highly eccentric orbits with large aphelium distance, like those of sungrazing comets, is unlikely to be trapped. Some nanodust particles emitted from the inbound branch of such orbits can approach the Sun to within much shorter distances than the perihelium of the parent body. Unless destroyed by sublimation or other processes, these particles ultimately escape away from the Sun. Nanodust from highly eccentric orbits can be trapped if the orbits are contained within the boundary of the trapping region (for orbits close to ecliptic plane, within ~0.16 AU from the Sun). Particles that avoid trapping escape to large distances, gaining velocities comparable to that of the solar wind.
Bipolar H II regions
Authors: Samal M. R. , Deharveng L. , Zavagno A. , Anderson L. D. , Molinari S. , Russeil D.
Published: June 2018

Aims. We aim to identify bipolar Galactic H II regions and to understand their parental cloud structures, morphologies, evolution, and impact on the formation of new generations of stars.

Methods. We use the Spitzer-GLIMPSE, Spitzer-MIPSGAL, and Herschel-Hi-GAL surveys to identify bipolar H II regions and to examine their morphologies. We search for their exciting star(s) using NIR data from the 2MASS, UKIDSS, and VISTA surveys. Massive molecular clumps are detected near these bipolar nebulae, and we estimate their temperatures, column densities, masses, and densities. We locate Class 0/I young stellar objects (YSOs) in their vicinities using the Spitzer and Herschel-PACS emission.

Results. Numerical simulations suggest bipolar H II regions form and evolve in a two-dimensional flat- or sheet-like molecular cloud. We identified 16 bipolar nebulae in a zone of the Galactic plane between ℓ ± 60° and |b| < 1°. This small number, when compared with the 1377 bubble H II regions in the same area, suggests that most H II regions form and evolve in a three-dimensional medium. We present the catalogue of the 16 bipolar nebulae and a detailed investigation for six of these. Our results suggest that these regions formed in dense and flat structures that contain filaments. We find that bipolar H II regions have massive clumps in their surroundings. The most compact and massive clumps are always located at the waist of the bipolar nebula, adjacent to the ionised gas. These massive clumps are dense, with a mean density in the range of 105 cm−3 to several 106 cm−3 in their centres. Luminous Class 0/I sources of several thousand solar luminosities, many of which have associated maser emission, are embedded inside these clumps. We suggest that most, if not all, massive 0/I YSO formation has probably been triggered by the expansion of the central bipolar nebula, but the processes involved are still unknown. Modelling of such nebula is needed to understand the star formation processes at play.
Recirculating flows analysis and estimation inside channels
Authors: Georgantopoulou Christina G. , Vasilikos Nikolaos S. , Georgantopoulos George A.
Published: June 2018

The recirculation which is developed during the flows inside pipes present a high interest in many industrial applications. In the present paper, a Cartesian grid method is presented which can be applied in pipes geometry approximation, even if the solid bounds are not lying on grid lines. A refinement technique using rectangular nested sub-girds is applied in order to avoid the unnecessary grid cells in the areas with no particular flow interest and cluster the grid when is needed. Important and useful for the industries results are extracted by these numerical simulations and estimations regarding the exact position and extend of the recirculation zones and the relating points. The estimation is taking placefor incompressible laminar, viscous flows inside inclined step channelsfor a range of inclination angles and Reynolds numbers values. The Navier – Stokes equations are solved using the artificial compressibility method according to the necessary boundary conditions arrangement. Flow results are presented for several grid sizes and Reynolds numbers focused on the recirculationzones length, in upper and lower channel’ walls. Accepted accuracy of the flow results is produced using the aforementioned refinement algorithm, while the flow zones can be located according to the inlet flow rate, in order to avoid possible problems in the industries as corrosion or energy losses.
Drag reduction in a class 8 truck - scaled down model
Authors: Vishwa Krishna. R , Suwathy. R , Pragadeesh. M , Venkatesan. M
Published: June 2018

Trucks are heavy load vehicles used mainly for commercial transport operations. There are several classes of heavy duty commercial vehicles classified based on the weight loaded. More than 50% of the engine output power in such trucks is utilized to overcome the drag. Drag force in automobiles is the resistance offered by air on vehicles at higher speeds. Class 8 trucks suffer higher drag when compared to other classes. In the present work, a numerical model is developed using a commercial code ANSYS FLUENT to predict the drag coefficient value. The effects of gap width and cab front radius with a constant fairing is analysed using the numerical model developed. A Class 8 model truck with minimal drag coefficient having constant fairing and optimized gap width between the trailer and cab is proposed.
Methods of computational modeling of coronary heart vessels for its digital twin
Authors: Naplekov Ilya , Zheleznikov Ivan , Pashchenko Dmitry , Kobysheva Polina , Moskvitina Anna , Mustafin Ravil , Gnutikova Maria , Mullagalieva Alina , Uzlov Pavel
Published: June 2018

In this work, methods of numerical modelling of the coronary vessels system of the human heart have been studied. This investigation includes transient flow of the liquid – blood and dynamics of zones of shear stress at vessels. The main goal of the research is obtaining of hemodynamic and shear stress for creating the digital twin of coronary heart vessels. The results were obtained for low Reynolds numbers about 20 of three-dimensional laminar flow. With this Reynolds number the turbulent flow of the blood is modelled by Realizable k-ε model, and SST models to the narrowing, expansions, and blocks inside the vessels. Loads caused by the additional energy consumption because of the turbulent flow of the blood (increase in arterial blood pressure) have been analyzed. A two-dimensional model of a separated vessel with fixed blood back-flow prevention is developed. Presence of a turbulent flow core is discovered. By the means of stress-strain properties of the model, visual representation of the wearing process of the blood back-flow preventer, and heart diseases progression is obtained.
A Simulation study of cooling system for heavy duty diesel engine
Authors: Adsul Pranita , Kotebavi Vinod , Bedekar Sanjeev , Mishra Ashwini
Published: June 2018

The main function of the cooling system is to control the temperature of the engine components and improve the performance of an engine. To know the flow and temperature distribution in the jacket cooling system for 6 cylinder diesel engine is analyzed using 1 dimensional method by using GT-Suite 1D simulation software package. The present work employs 1D simulation of water jacket in GT-ISE to perform a comprehensive study of mass-flow and thermal distribution over the inlet of the cooling package of a selected engine in several steady state operating points. The results show, that the suggested predictive method successfully captures the thermal effect of recirculation while reducing the necessity for calibration done by prototype testing.
Analytical Performance Analysis of Cross Flow Louvered Fin Automobile Radiator
Authors: Badgujar Pankaj R , Rangarajan S , Nagaraja S. R
Published: June 2018

The objective of the present paper is to propose an analytical model for calculating performance parameter of a radiator having rectangular tube with louvered fins. The theoretical effectiveness, heat transfer rate, outlet temperatures of both air and coolant are determined using effectiveness-NTU method. The coolant and air side pressure drop is also calculated. The proposed procedure is validated with experimetal results available in the literature and the GT model. It is found that the maximum deviation in the heat transfer rate calculated from proposed model is 10.97%, the coolant and air outlet temperatures is 2.75% and variation in pressure drop is about 3.29%.
Fatigue life prediction under mixed-mode loading using equivalent stress intensity factor models
Authors: Sajith S. , Murthy K.S.R. K. , Robi P.S.
Published: June 2018

Damage tolerance principles are widely used to assess the structural integrity and failure of engineering components. The advances in numerical simulation techniques facilitate the prediction of fatigue life of engineering component, which is essential in damage tolerance design. For the components under mixed mode (I/II) loading, the fatigue crack growth and life is predicted by using a modified form of Paris' law along with the equivalent stress intensity factor (ΔKeq). Numerous ΔKeqmodels are available for correlating the equivalent stress intensity factor range and the fatigue crack growth rate. The knowledge of proper ΔKeqmodel is essential for the accurate fatigue life estimation. In this work, the authors numerically assess the performance of ΔKeqmodels in mixed mode fatigue life prediction with the help of published experimental mixed mode data.
Design & Weight Optimization of a Wheel Rim for Sport Utility Vehicle.
Authors: Panjagala Harish , M Balakrishna , Kushnoore Shasikant , L N Rohit Madhukar E
Published: June 2018

Automobile have various parts which are important for good running of the vehicle. The most important safety components from a structural point of view are the road wheels. They are required to be lighter and more fascinating to the buyer all the time. This implies that it's important to perform a lot of accurate strength assessment on wheel styles. The wheel rim plays a major role in vehicle dynamics. This paper deals with the design and model of different wheel rims based on weight optimization and also structural analysis has been carried out. It has been compared with standard values by varying two different materials. In addition, from the obtained outputs of simulations and the weight optimization, we suggested Aluminium alloys as most suitable material for SUV. Model is created by using SOLIDWORKS software 2015 and structural analysis &; weight optimization is done by using ANSYS WORKBENCH 16.0.
Optimization of electric discharge machining parameters on titanium alloy (ti-6al-4v) using Taguchi parametric design and genetic algorithm
Authors: Umanath K. , Devika D.
Published: June 2018

The aim of this research work is to analyze the significant of process variables and find the optimum process variables in electric discharge machining (EDM) of Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) .The variables considered are peak current, pulse-on-time and pulse-off-time where as the responses are Material Removal Rate(MRR) and Surface Roughness(SR). MITSUBISHI EA8 spark erosion machine is employed for this work and copper tungsten electrode of ∅14 mm is used in experimental trials. The experimental runs are done based on Taguchi L27 orthogonal array. The signal-to-noise ratio, the analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression analysis and Genetic algorithm are used to determine the optimal levels of machining parameters on Metal removal rate and Surface roughness. Confirmation tests also done with the optimal levels of machining variables. Comparison of Taguchi’s and Genetic algorithm were employed to analyze the effective optimum value.
Performance evaluation of a 15 kWth biomass gasifier in downdraft and updraft operating modes: an experimental study
Authors: Shanmuganandam K. , Anichai J. , Jayakumar V.
Published: June 2018

Biomass gasifiers are equipment’s that can generate producer gas which is a renewable, alternate source of energy that can be employed for power generation and thermal applications. In this experimental study the gasifier is tested in updraft and downdraft modes and performance analysis was carried out. For both the studies, casuarina wood and ambient air were used as feed stock and gasification agent respectively. From the experimental analysis it was inferred that the performance of the biomass gasifier was higher in downdraft mode than updraft mode.
Permaculture Design: Linking Local Knowledge in Land Use Planning for House Compound
Authors: Mohd Salleh Anizah , Rosli Farah Mastura , Esa Norizan , Ibrahim Mahamad Hakimi
Published: June 2018

Permaculture accounts as among the sustainable practices that incorporates diverse aspects of ecology, landscape, organic farming, forestry, agriculture, architecture, and city planning. However, the increasing loss of local values may indirectly influence the sustainability of the system, since local knowledge is an important source of information that influences permaculture design. This study attempts to understand the knowledge of local people in planning and designing a permaculture system subjected to their livelihood, culture and ecological aspects. In particular, this study identifies land use planning for permaculture zones, and design elements in permaculture zones. The study reviews the planning and design element of permaculture that is significant to understand the ecosystem based design with sustainable practices. The results discussed that local people, regardless of their locations either urban or rural, tend to take into account the natural layout, interior architecture and internal activities in planning and designing the zones for their house compound. The zoning is not only beneficial for efficient energy use, but also sustainable both in environmental, social and economic aspects appropriate to the livelihood and culture of local people. Therefore, local knowledge should be considered when designing a permaculture system, as it is likely to design with nature rather than design against nature.
NGALAI RITUAL : A COMMUNAL HEALING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Abdul Rahman Mohd Kipli , Low Abdullah Nurul Farhana , Ishak Solehah
Published: June 2018

This study delves into the ngalai
ritual performance practiced by Bajau Samah community in Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia which serves as a healing method. The study was done using a qualitative approach through the ethnographic strategy application concentrating on the relationship between behaviour and culture. In terms of performance, ngalai is a combination of the elements of dance, singing, music and acting. Traditionally, the ngalai ritual is performed for healing purposes that is based on the animistic religious beliefs which is derived from believe in the existence of spirits (metaphysical entity). Individual who is able to see spirits is said to be capable and have the privilege of curing a disease caused by tulah (plague) due to the interference of spirits. “The community of ngalai practitioners believe that the physical world is influenced by the metaphysical world, especially where it concerned the existence of other worldly beings, the myths and spirits associated with their ancestors. They also believe that the places they inhabit are also shared with the presence of these other worldly, spiritual beings. Based on these beliefs, offerings are prepared and rituals are done in the ngalai performance with the main aim of respecting and asking permission from these spiritual beings to help with the healing process.” The healing aspect in ngalai is categorized as communal healing as well as “faith healing”, referring to “the ritual practice that relates to religious beliefs and healing” that happen following the method adopted involving patients and the public. Thus, this study seeks to present a justification of ngalai ritual performance that serves as a medium of healing and is still significant in the present context.
Knowledge transfer and management among Malay traditional massage practitioners in the north of Malaysia
Authors: Esa Norizan , Che Lah Salasiah , Mahamad Hakimi Sakiinah
Published: June 2018

Local knowledge is knowledge transferred across generations by individuals or community through experience in the environment they live in. This includes the knowledge and practices that are still practiced by a community or individual. Apart from trust, the willingness and capacity to share what they know and use what they learn plays an important role for local knowledge to be transferred and managed. In Malaysia, traditional Malay massage is a form of traditional healing among the Malay society that was recorded since the 19th century through Kitab Tib manuscript. This form of healing uses natural resources, wafak (letters, numerals and diagrams), Quranic verses and doa (prayers and supplications) in the healing practice. This paper attempts to explore on how the knowledge is passed down from expert to apprentice. This study involves interviews and observation on selected Malay traditional massage practitioners. In conclusion, knowledge transfer among Malay traditional massage practitioners only happens when there is trust trust. Knowledge is passed down within their family members and learned from observation and experience. The traditional Malay massage remains only within the individual or a limited number within the family community rather than the community as a whole.
Understanding Educational Games Culture in Extending the Relationship between Graphic Appearance and Experiences among Malaysian Lower Secondary
Authors: Lee Shiau Gee Lilian , Dolah Jasni , Mohd Bakhir Norfarizah
Published: June 2018

Educational games provide a virtual environment for the students, particularly in an endeavour to increase student immersion, and this need of students satisfied with the visual aspect conditions of the game screen to go to the following stage. In determining the effect of visual design on students' learning experiences - it’s required a further analysis within the students' motivation, engagement and enjoyment. To achieve this goal, a solid fundamental understanding in theoretical philosophy, which closely related to describe the relationship of visual experience, especially in intrinsic tendencies theory and visual principles that on holds the context of motivation, engagement and enjoyment among students. In this regard, a thorough discussion of relevant theories were led to the suggestion theoretical framework and proposed of Experience Based Design Graphic Style (EBDGS) to identify student’s experiences (motivation, engagement and enjoyment) outcomes which mostly depends on the visual design approaches to designing the game scenarios. This paper also aims to describe the theoretical framework proposed in understanding the Malaysian student experience’s outcomes by placing the abstract style and realistic style in developing Experience Based Design Graphic Style (EBDGS) game prototype: EBGDS A (Abstract) and EBGDS R (Realistic). The implication of the theoretical framework was focused on the visual design (graphic styles) of games that intentionally centred in the students’ experience that tied to the demographic factors (gender, type of schools and areas), and the resulting experiences are examined through the Student Experience in Graphic Measurement Scale (SEIGMS). The intention of this research not only emphasize the suitability visual appearance able better improve student experiences but also increases deeper local knowledge in visual design guidelines in educational game design contexts.
Synthesis of Indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines via Copper-Catalyzed C–C Coupling and Cyclization of 2-(2-Bromoaryl)-1H-indoles with 1,3-Diketones
Authors: Cho Chan , Lee Ha , Dao Pham , Kim Young-su
Published: June 2018

2-(2-Bromoaryl)-1H-indoles are coupled and cyclized with 1,3-diketones by microwave irradiation in DMF in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(I) iodide along with a base to afford the corresponding indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines in moderate to good yields.
Zur Differenzierung und Kalzium-Abhängigkeit von Kontakt-wirkungen benetzbarer Oberflächen. Ihr Einfluß auf die Blutthrombokinase-Bildung
Authors: Egli H , Buscha H
Published: June 2018

Es wird eine Methodik beschrieben, die eine differenzierte Bestimmung direkter und indirekter Kontaktwirkungen auf die Blutthrombokinase-Bildung ermöglicht. Dazu wird eine zuvor auf 56° C erhitzte Probe von BaSO4-Serum oder BaSO4-Plasma intensiv mit Glas in Kontakt gebracht (direkte Kontakt-Aktivierung) und mit einer unter Silikontechnik gewonnenen Serumprobe gemischt. Die danach auftretende Steigerung der thromboplastischen Aktivität des Silikon-Serums (indirekte Kontakt-Aktivierung) wird mit Hilfe des Thrombokinase-Bildungstestes von Biggs, Douglas und Macfarlane bestimmt. — Kalzium erwies sich lediglich für die indirekte Kontakt-Aktivierung als unent-behrlich, in der vermutlich eine Reaktion zwischen dem Faktor IX (Christmas-Faktor) und einem, unter dem Einfluß direkter Kontaktwirkung gebildeten Komplex aus Hageman-Faktor und PTA erfolgt.

Durchgeführt mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Platelet Count and Thrombelastographic Maximal Amplitude in Experimental Thrombocythemias
Authors: de Nicola P
Published: June 2018

Experimental thrombocythemias were produced in animals by injecting pantetine, serotonin, progesterone, testosterone, STH, and by carrying out orchid-ectomy. Thrombelastographic determinations of the maximal amplitude were carried out under such conditions and the results correlated with the platelet counts. No significant increases of the maximal amplitude could be observed, even in the presence of very high platelet levels, nor the thrombelastographic signs of a platelet impairment could be detected.
Antithrombin I Activity
Authors: Verstraete Marc , Vermylen Carl
Published: June 2018

1. Our experiments demonstrate that antithrombin I interferes considerably in the thrombin inhibitor determination described by Jürgens. A similar interference can be suspected in the immediate antithrombin determinations as described by other investigators in experiments based on the same principle.

2. The thrombin-adsorbing capacity of fibrin depends to a high degree on the ionic strength of the medium: low ionic strength enhances, while high concentrations inhibite antithrombin J activity.

3. After allowing for antithrombin I interference in the total thrombin inhibition, there was still measurable direct antithrombin activity present. The magnitude of the latter is directly correlated to the antithrombin capacity found in plasma samples free of the antithrombin I side-effect. Such plasma samples were obtained from a patient with congenital afibrinogenemia and heat-defibrinated normal plasma.
Abortion in the Structure of Causes of Maternal Mortality
Authors: Granatovich Nina N. , Survillo Elena V. , Pichugina Leontina V. , Achilgova Zarina S. , Volkov Valery G.
Published: June 2018

Objective To study the structure of maternal mortality caused by abortion in the Tula region.

Methods The medical records of deceased pregnant women, childbirth, and postpartum from January 01, 2001, to December 31, 2015, were analyzed.

Results Overall, 204,095 abortion cases were recorded in the Tula region for over 15 years. The frequency of abortion was reduced 4-fold, with 18,200 in 2001 to 4,538 in 2015. The rate of abortions per 1,000 women (age 15–44 years) for 15 years decreased by 40.5%, that is, from 46.53 (2001) to 18.84 (2015), and that of abortions per 100 live births and stillbirths was 29.5%, that is, from 161.7 (2001) to 41.5 (2015). Five women died from abortion complications that began outside of the hospital, which accounted for 0.01% of the total number. In the structure of causes of maternal mortality for 15 years, abortion represented 14.3% of the cases. Lethality mainly occurred in the period from 2001 to 2005 (4 cases). Among the maternal deaths, many women died in rural areas after pregnancy termination at 18 to 20 weeks of gestation (n = 4). In addition, three women died from sepsis and two from bleeding.

Conclusion The introduction of modern, effective technologies of family planning has reduced maternal mortality due to abortion.
A rapid method for determining protein diffusion through hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications
Authors: Hettiaratchi Marian H. , Schudel Alex , Rouse Tel , García Andrés J. , Thomas Susan N. , Guldberg Robert E. , McDevitt Todd C.
Published: June 2018

Hydrogels present versatile platforms for the encapsulation and delivery of proteins and cells for regenerative medicine applications. However, differences in hydrogel cross-linking density, polymer weight content, and affinity for proteins all contribute to diverse diffusion rates of proteins through hydrogel networks. Here, we describe a simple method to accurately measure protein diffusion through hydrogels, within a few hours and without the use of large amounts of protein. We tracked the diffusion of several proteins of varying molecular weights along the axial direction of capillary tubes filled with alginate, collagen, or poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. The rate of protein diffusion decreased with increasing molecular weight. A computational model of protein diffusion through capillary tubes was also created to predict and verify experimental protein diffusion coefficients. This in vitro capillary tube-based method of measuring protein diffusion represents a simple strategy to interrogate protein diffusion through natural and synthetic hydrogels and aid in the design of better biomaterial-based delivery vehicles that can effectively modulate protein release.