bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Niveles elevados de lipoproteína (a) y riesgo de eventos clínicos relacionados con la estenosis valvular aórtica: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Masson Walter , Lobo Martín , Barbagelata Leandro , Bagnati Rodrigo , Oberti Pablo , Falconi Mariano , Krauss Juan , Parcerisa Florencia , Pizarro Rodolfo
Published: July 2022

Introducción: Varios estudios han evaluado la asociación entre los niveles plasmáticos de lipoproteína (a) [Lp(a)] y la aparición de eventos relacionados con la estenosis valvular aórtica, aunque los resultados fueron contradictorios. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar la capacidad predictiva de los niveles elevados de Lp(a) sobre los eventos clínicos relacionados con la estenosis valvular aórtica. Material y métodos: Esta revisión sistemática se realizó de acuerdo con las recomendaciones PRISMA y STROBE. Se realizó una búsqueda en diferentes bases de datos con el objetivo de identificar estudios de cohorte que evaluaran la asociación entre los niveles de Lp(a) y los eventos de interés. El punto final primario fue la incidencia de eventos clínicos relacionados con la estenosis aórtica (reemplazo valvular aórtico, muerte u hospitalización). Esta revisión fue registrada en PROSPERO. Resultados: Se consideraron elegibles para el análisis siete estudios observacionales con un total de 58 783 pacientes. Los valores elevados de Lp(a) se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de eventos relacionados con la estenosis valvular aórtica en la mayoría de los estudios evaluados (entre un 70% y aproximadamente 3 veces más riesgo), a pesar de ajustar por otros factores de riesgo. Conclusión: Esta revisión sugiere que los niveles elevados de Lp(a) se asocian con una mayor incidencia de eventos clínicos relacionados con la estenosis valvular aórtica. Sin embargo, y considerando las limitaciones de este estudio, la utilidad clínica de la Lp(a) como marcador pronóstico en la enfermedad valvular aórtica deberá confirmarse en futuras investigaciones.
Deteriorations and Restoration Works on the Building Elements of the Zile Ulu Mosque
Authors: DEMİRBAĞ Uğur
Published: July 2022

Tokat kentinin 70 km batısında bulunan Zile ilçesinin, doğusunda Turhal ilçesi, güneyinde Artova ilçesi, batısında Yozgat ilinin Çekerek ilçesi, kuzeyinde ise Amasya ili yer almaktadır. Zile Tokat’ın büyük ilçelerinden biridir. Yüzölçümü
1512 km2 olan ilçenin rakımı 710 metredir. Yerleşme ovanın orta yerinde yükselen bir höyüğün çevresinde kurulmuştur. Anadolu’nun en eski yerleşim merkezlerinden biridir. Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi’ne göre “1643” yılında burada
halı ve kilim dokumacılığının ileri gitmesinden dolayı şehrin bu adı aldığı belirtilmektedir (https://zileturizm.com, 2022). Zile tarihsel ve kültürel miras yönünden oldukça zengin bir kent merkezidir. Bu taşınmaz kültürel miras
daha çok geleneksel kent dokusu üzerinde konumlanmıştır. Geleneksel kent dokusu üzerinde konumlanmış yapılardan birisi de camilerdir. Yapılar genel olarak Osmanlı Devletinin 18 ve 19. yüzyılda inşa edilmiştir. Camiler mimari ve
bezeme açısından Türk İslam geleneğinin kültür ve sanat ortamını yansıtmaktadır. Zile Ulu Camisi ilçe merkezinde yer almış olup mimari ve bezeme yönünden Erken Dönem Osmanlı Mimarisi ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Caminin yapı elemanları
üzerinde geç dönemde birtakım sorunlar meydana gelmiştir. Bu sorunlara karşı çeşitli müdahaleler yapılmıştır. Onarımların en kapsamlısı 2010 yılında uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada çizimler gerekli kurum, kuruluş ve kişilerin arşivlerinden
alınmıştır. Yapının görselleri tarafımca çekilmiştir. 2010 yılında restorasyonu yapılan Zile Ulu Camisinin restorasyon öncesi ile sonrası arasındaki yapılan çalışmaları karşılaştırarak günümüz açısından bir değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır.
Evaluation of Exercise Dependence Levels of Veteran Athletes
Authors: KARTAL Mehmet , MURATHAN Gamze , MURATHAN Fatih , ASLAN Adnan
Published: July 2022

Günümüz koşulları içerisinde teknolojik araç ve gereçlerin çoğalmasıyla insanlarda inaktif bir yaşama doğru geçiş görülmektedir. Bu yaşam tarzı, birçok hastalığın ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Fiziksel aktivite ile bu hastalıkların
önüne geçilmesi, kas kuvvetinin ve dayanıklılığın arttırılması, obezitenin engellenmesi, kardiyovasküler hastalıkların, kronik ağrı ve bazı kanser türlerinin azaltılmasının mümkün olduğu söylenebilmektedir. Ancak, düzenli yapılan
fiziksel aktivitenin olumlu etkileri olduğu gibi, olumsuz etkileri de vardır. Aşırı derecede kontrolsüz fiziksel aktivite yapmak egzersiz bağımlılığına neden olabilmektedir. Bu bilgiler ışığında bu araştırma, veteran sporcuların
egzersiz bağımlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve çeşitli değişkenlerce etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma evrenini futbol spor branşında veteran düzeyde spor lisansına sahip sporcular oluşturmaktadır.
Örneklem grubunu ise 2021-2022 futbol sezonunda faal olarak lisanslı olan, 35 yaş üstü 334 veteran sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Hausenblas ve Symons Downs (2002) tarafından geliştirilen, Yeltepe
ve İkizler (2007) tarafından Türkçe uyarlaması gerçekleştirilen Egzersiz Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (EBÖ-21) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma için Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Etik Kurulu’ndan 02/12/2021 tarihli 159 sayılı
karar ile etik kurul izni alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda egzersiz bağımlılık düzeyi üç ana faktörle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Belirti göstermeyen grup toplam popülasyonun %54,49 (182)’sini oluşturmakta olup, bu popülasyonun %26,92
(49)’u Kadın, %73,07 (133)’ü erkek veteran sporculardan oluşmaktadır. Egzersiz bağımlılığı belirtisi gösteren (semptomatik) ve bağımlı grup araştırma grubunun %45,50’sini oluşturmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, araştırmaya katılan veteran
sporcuların %6,29 (21)’inin egzersiz bağımlısı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Customer Behavior Associated with Hotels in Zanzibar
Authors: Salim Adilu Mussa
Published: July 2022

As part of their market segmentation, chain branding, and or the wider issue of  customers’ increasing attention in the context of a low-carbon economy, hotels seem to be increasingly engaged in Corporate Social Responsibility activities to better capture their customer reaction, Yet there are limited studies at a micro-level examining the impact   among various categories of hotels in Zanzibar. With the emphasis on environmental dimensions, this study focuses on investigating the impact of the existing Corporate Social Responsibility practices on customer behavior perspective targeting visitors, hoteliers and employees. Primary data using survey questionnaires were collected and involved tourists or visitors and hotels’ employees sample-sized of 140. The study adapts sequential mixed methods with quantitative and qualitative patterns and with purposive sampling technique the study takes 100 from the 140 respondents of selected hotels’ employees to provide information on the problem area and 40 tourists were selected randomly at different hotels as customers and by employing various multivariate analysis techniques results were achieved. At the 0.05 level of confidence, the study revealed that all of the four predictors: green promotion, recycling, friendly products and   waste management have significant impact on the customer behavior in a positive direction. The results show that customers who have positive attitudes on green promotion, recycling,  friendly products and waste management tend to be influenced in their behavioral change positively which then provide rooms and opportunities for stakeholders in the hospitality industry such as hotels in Zanzibar to attract more customers by improving issues like green promotion, recycling, friendly products and waste management in their surroundings. as a dynamically developing sector of the economy, tourism sector and in particular, hotel management should meet society’s expectations within the framework of minimizing negative effects on the natural environment and focus on corporate social responsibility as business strategy for long-term business vision.
Climate Change Impact on Forest Cover: A Critical Review
Authors: Thilagam V. Kasthuri , Manivannan S. , Vaishnavi P. N. A. , Yaligar Ravindra
Published: July 2022

Climate change affects forest cover through increased temperature, change in precipitation, frequent extreme events, and a shifting disturbance regime. In view of understanding the existing studies carried out on climate change impact on forest cover, we reviewed the findings of several researchers to assess the impact of changing climatic parameters on forest cover. The role of deforestation on climate change was analyzed by presenting some of the arguments made by several researchers. Further, the influence of forests in climate change was evaluated by the amount of carbon sequestrated in the forests throughout the world and the effect of climate change on carbon sequestration was also done with the help of review of the literature. Direct, Indirect and compound effects of climate change impact on forest cover were also shortlisted and discussed. Then certain coping mechanisms were also discussed by the authors for the forests whose health was highly affected due to climate change. Several research publications demonstrating the response of forest cover to climate change were critically analyzed. The review revelaed that climatic variations are very important to understand the forest cover changes of an ecosystem in which the climate prevails. It is also understood that the variability of rainfall and temperature were not the main cause for forest cover changes. Climate change impact assessment has significant implications on carbon sequestration greenhouse gas mitigation and adaptation strategies to climate change. Utilising remote sensing data for documenting and identifying forest degradation status is a viable option for planning climate change mitigation in forest regions.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Liver Lesions Biopsy with Atypical Malignancies- An Alternative to Radiological Biopsy
Authors: Majid Zain , Urrehman Adeel , Khan Shoaib Ahmed , Haq Muhammad Mazoor ul , Tulsi Rani , Devi Asha , Mehmood Nasir , Akbar Nishat , Luck Nasir Hassan , Mubarak Mohammad
Published: July 2022

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is gaining attraction as an alternative method of obtaining biopsies. It offers a more targeted approach for focal lesions in liver especially for those areas which are accessible via EUS-guided method.

Materials and Methods: A total of 8 patients underwent EUS-guided liver lesions biopsies (LLB). EUS Guided LLB was performed using the 22G FNA needle, 2 passes were done with slow pull technique over one minute with 10–15 strokes done in each pass to obtained core samples. The average duration of the procedures ranged from 15–30 minutes.

Results: Out of 8 patients, majority were males. Most of these patients had presented with nonspecific signs and symptoms including weight loss, abdominal pain, jaundice etc. All of the 8 patients had an atypical liver lesions on initial radiological evaluation with inconclusive tumour markers and atypical CT radiological findings. Screening for Hepatitis B and C virus were negative in all of them. EUS guided biopsy performed in them revealed the following diagnosis: well differentiated adenocarcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour, smooth muscle tumour, metastatic adenocarcinoma, lymphoproliferative disorder and malignant melanoma.

Conclusions: EUS-guided LLB is an alternative new technique for biopsy of liver lesions with suspected atypical malignancies.
Responsibility Accounting and its Role in Evaluating the Cost of the Student between Traditional Education and e-Learning
Authors: Al-Mamoori Ahmed Hassan Ali , Al-Zubady Mithal Kreem Kadhim , AL-Naser Aqdas Hussein
Published: July 2022

In light of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and its developments, and what it has imposed on educational institutions by shifting from in-person education to e-learning (distance study). E-learning has been relied on recently, especially after 2019, so much that it has become an urgent necessity, including the need to adopt responsibility accounting in calculating the cost elements in each department, so that expenditures are controlled without wastage, so a comparison had to be made. Between in-person education and e-learning to know the cost centers, specifically the cost of the student, a contribution to adjusting the cost of the student even between the main subjects and the supporting materials as an attempt to find solutions to a group of problems that arose during e-learning, including the unification of cost between the materials and between the two educations, despite the differences in the quality of communication between the student, the professor and the content. The research has reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the poor infrastructure, which made it imperative for universities to go to the acquisition of new assets in order to communicate electronically, such as internet networks, which is unprecedented for Iraq. The budget section and the higher education fund section, taking into account the scientific section with practical needs and the need for more documents than the theoretical section only.
A Tungsten Heavy Alloy with Enhanced Performance Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering from Fine Spherical Tungsten Powders
Authors: Hu Ke , Han Cuiliu , Khanlari Khashayar , Zhang Yumeng , Peng Xiaomin , Zhang Jiuxing
Published: July 2022

Traditional tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs), with a coarse liquid‐phase sintered microstructure, have moderate strength and excellent ductility. Grain refinement is one of the effective methods to improve the strength of these WHAs. The routine spark plasma sintering (SPS) method can refine W grains; however, the obtained typical solid‐state sintered microstructure is detrimental to the performance. Adapted SPS methods such as cyclic SPS and transient liquid‐phase SPS, proposed in the previous study, are capable of modifying W grain morphology to further enhance the performance of parts. They are, however, complex processes, especially when it comes to mass production. In this research, 93W–5.6Ni–1.4Fe heavy alloys (93WHAs) with similar liquid‐phase sintered microstructure are prepared via SPS at solid‐state sintering temperature using fine spherical W powders as raw materials. The influences of the W powder shape and powder mixing condition on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the prepared 93WHAs are investigated. An improved microstructure is obtained in the 93WHA prepared using spherical W powders blended with nano Ni and Fe powders as raw materials, as compared to using the irregular W powders. The alloy thus shows elevated mechanical properties, due to the improved matrix phase distribution and the W grain morphology.
Strong Tough Conductive Hydrogels via the Synergy of Ion‐Induced Cross‐Linking and Salting‐Out
Authors: Cui Wei , Zheng Yong , Zhu Ruijie , Mu Qifeng , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Zhisen , Liu Shengqu , Li Min , Ran Rong
Published: July 2022

Ion is one of the most common additives that can impart electrical conductivity to insulating hydrogels. The concurrent toughening effect of ions, however, is often neglected. This work reports the extreme toughening of hydrogels via the synergistic effect of cations and anions, without the need for specific structure design or adding other reinforcements. The strategy is to equilibrate a physical double network hydrogel consisting of both multivalent cation‐ and kosmotropic anion‐sensitive polymers in specific salt solutions that can induce cross‐linking and salting‐out simultaneously. Both effects are proven positive to boost the mechanical performance and electrical conductivity of the original weak gel, and result in a tough conductive gel with exceptional physical properties, achieving significant enhancements in fracture stress, fracture energy, and ionic conductivity by up to 530‐, 1100‐, and 4.9‐folds, respectively. The optimal fracture stress and toughness reach approximately 15 MPa and 39 kJ m–2, exceeding most state‐of‐the‐art tough conductive hydrogels. Meanwhile, a satisfactory ionic conductivity of 1.5 S m–1 is attained. The presented simple strategy is also found generalizable to other salt ions and polymers, which is expected to expand the applicability of hydrogels to conditions involving demanding mechanical durability.
Constructing Conductive Network in Hybrid Perovskite for a Highly Efficient Microwave Absorption System
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Xiong Ziming , Yao Yao , Wang Derong , Yang Zhiqian , Zhang Pin , Zhao Qing , Zhou Wenke
Published: July 2022

Electronic devices have brought huge convenience to daily lives; however, a large amount of electromagnetic radiation pollution is generated. Therefore, an urgent demand for electromagnetic wave absorbing materials featuring “low thickness, wide frequency band and strong absorption” is put forward. Here, a strategy of introducing a conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) network into CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) is developed to construct an electromagnetic wave absorbing system. As the absorption center, MAPbI3 dominates the absorption band via an electric polarization process. Meanwhile, the CNTs construct an efficient conductive network, which supply a transmission path for free electrons inside the MAPbI3 crystals and enhance conduction loss. In comparison with the insulated network formed by MoO3/MAPbI3, it is speculated that the broadened absorption bandwidth and reduced absorption thickness originate from the conductive network of CNTs. As a result, when the CNTs is 7.7% (mass ratio), the reflection loss strength of MAPbI3/CNTs reaches −57.71 dB at 13.96 GHz and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth is 6.32 GHz (11.68–18.00 GHz), with an absorber thickness of 1.96 mm. The method of constructing conductive network proves a great potential of hybrid perovskite in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption and provides feasible strategies for the absorption regulation of dielectric loss‐type materials.
Heteroepitaxial Growth of B5‐Site‐Rich Ru Nanoparticles Guided by Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Low‐Temperature Ammonia Dehydrogenation
Authors: Kang Sungsu , Cha Junyoung , Jo Young Suk , Lee Yu‐Jin , Sohn Hyuntae , Kim Younhwa , Song Chyan Kyung , Kim Yongmin , Lim Dong‐Hee , Park Jungwon , Yoon Chang Won
Published: July 2022

Ruthenium is one of the most active catalysts for ammonia dehydrogenation and is essential for the use of ammonia as a hydrogen storage material. The B5‐type site on the surface of ruthenium is expected to exhibit the highest catalytic activity for ammonia dehydrogenation, but the number of these sites is typically low. Here, a B5‐site‐rich ruthenium catalyst is synthesized by exploiting the crystal symmetry of a hexagonal boron nitride support. In the prepared ruthenium catalyst, ruthenium nanoparticles are formed epitaxially on hexagonal boron nitride sheets with hexagonal planar morphologies, in which the B5 sites predominate along the nanoparticle edges. By activating the catalyst under the reaction condition, the population of B5 sites further increases as the facets of the ruthenium nanoparticles develop. The electron density of the Ru nanoparticles also increases during catalyst activation. The synthesized catalyst shows superior catalytic activity for ammonia dehydrogenation compared to previously reported catalysts. This work demonstrates that morphology control of a catalyst via support‐driven heteroepitaxy can be exploited for synthesizing highly active heterogeneous catalysts with tailored atomic structures.
Self‐Organized Kagomé‐Lattice in a Conductive Metal‐Organic Monolayer
Authors: Shaiek Nesrine , Denawi Hassan , Koudia Mathieu , Hayn Roland , Schäfer Steffen , Berbezier Isabelle , Lamine Chokri , Siri Olivier , Akremi Abdelwaheb , Abel Mathieu
Published: July 2022

The on‐surface synthesis of metal‐organic covalent coordination networks with a dense Kagomé lattice of metallic centers is reported. Tetrahydroxyquinone and metal atoms (M = Cu or Mn) are codeposited on Ag(111) substrate to build well‐ordered 2D lattices M3C6O6. The surface is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy, low‐energy electron diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Density functional theory (DFT) reveals a Cu+ charge state and no local magnetic moments for the Cu‐organic network. For the Mn‐organic network, the charge state Mn2+ and a local spin S = 5/2 are found. Charge transfer stabilizes the Cu+ and Mn2+ charge states. DFT calculations show a Dirac point, i.e., a band crossing with linear electron dispersion at the K‐point of the Brillouin zone. This Dirac point is at the Fermi level without charge transfer but drops by 100 meV if electron doping of Cu3C6O6 on Ag(111) surface is acknowledged. The magnetic couplings of an isolated Mn3C6O6 monolayer to be short range and antiferromagnetic leading to high frustration at the Kagomé lattice and a tendency toward a spin‐liquid ground state are predicted. In the case of hole transfer from the substrate, ferromagnetic ordering is introduced, making Mn3C6O6 an interesting candidate for the quantum anomalous Hall effect.
Inkjet‐Printed Self‐Hosted TADF Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cole Cameron M. , Kunz Susanna V. , Shaw Paul E. , Ranasinghe Chandana Sampath Kumara , Baumann Thomas , Blinco James P. , Sonar Prashant , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Yambem Soniya D.
Published: July 2022

Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials are extensively investigated as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with TADF emitting layers demonstrating high efficiency without the use of heavy metal complexes. Therefore, solution‐processable and printable TADF emitters are highly desirable, moving away from expensive vacuum deposition techniques. In addition, using emissive materials not requiring an external host simplifies the fabrication process significantly. Herein, OLEDs using a solution‐processable TADF polymer that do not need an external host are introduced. The non‐conjugated TADF polymer features a TADF emitter (4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐2‐(3′‐hydroxy‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐3‐yl)‐isoindoline‐1,3‐dione) as a side chain, as well as a hole‐transporting side chain and an electron‐transporting side chain on an inactive polymer backbone. All organic layers of the OLEDs are fabricated using solution processing methods. The OLEDs with inkjet‐printed emissive layers have comparable maximum current and external quantum efficiency as their spin‐coated counterparts, exceeding luminance of 2000 cd m−2. The herein‐explored strategy is a viable route toward self‐hosted printable TADF OLEDs.
Soft‐Matter‐Based Hybrid and Active Metamaterials
Authors: Kowerdziej Rafał , Ferraro Antonio , Zografopoulos Dimitrios C. , Caputo Roberto
Published: July 2022

Metamaterials are artificial electromagnetic media structured on the subwavelength scale for controlling the propagation of waves by means of transformation optics. The research activity is now focusing on attaining active metamaterial functionalities, including tunability, and the shaping and modulation of electromagnetic waves. Among all the different architectures, soft‐matter‐based active metamaterials, or hybrid composites, have gained special importance as they allow a variety of tuning strategies to be used, including those based on temperature, application of external electric or magnetic fields, and all‐optical methods that benefit of the strongly nonlinear responses of materials. This review aims to summarize recent and ongoing progress on active metamaterials exploiting resonances in plasmonic and dielectric materials hybridized with soft‐matter assemblies including liquid crystals, colloids, polymers, and granular matter. The theoretical background of these hybrid systems is outlined, experimental realizations are overviewed, and state‐of‐the‐art applications in multifunctional platforms for light–matter interactions are presented. Finally, up to date challenges in the field that still remain open for further research are discussed.
Selective Electron Beam Patterning of Oxygen‐Doped WSe2 for Seamless Lateral Junction Transistors
Authors: Ngo Tien Dat , Choi Min Sup , Lee Myeongjin , Ali Fida , Hassan Yasir , Ali Nasir , Liu Song , Lee Changgu , Hone James , Yoo Won Jong
Published: July 2022

Surface charge transfer doping (SCTD) using oxygen plasma to form a p‐type dopant oxide layer on transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDs) is a promising doping technique for 2D TMDs field‐effect transistors (FETs). However, patternability of SCTD is a key challenge to effectively switch FETs. Herein, a simple method to selectively pattern degenerately p‐type (p+)‐doped WSe2 FETs via electron beam (e‐beam) irradiation is reported. The effect of the selective e‐beam irradiation is confirmed by the gate‐tunable optical responses of seamless lateral p+–p diodes. The OFF state of the devices by inducing trapped charges via selective e‐beam irradiation onto a desired channel area in p+‐doped WSe2, which is in sharp contrast to globally p+‐doped WSe2 FETs, is realized. Selective e‐beam irradiation of the PMMA‐passivated p+‐WSe2 enables accurate control of the threshold voltage (Vth) of WSe2 devices by varying the pattern size and e‐beam dose, while preserving the low contact resistance. By utilizing hBN as the gate dielectric, high‐performance WSe2 p‐FETs with a saturation current of −280 µA µm−1 and on/off ratio of 109 are achieved. This study's technique demonstrates a facile approach to obtain high‐performance TMD p‐FETs by e‐beam irradiation, enabling efficient switching and patternability toward various junction devices.
Metal‐Free and Open‐Air Arylation Reactions of Diaryliodonium Salts for DNA‐Encoded Library Synthesis
Authors: Xu Hongtao , Tan Tingting , Zhang Yiyuan , Wang Yan , Pan Kangyin , Yao Ying , Zhang Shuning , Gu Yuang , Chen Wanting , Li Jie , Dong Hewei , Meng Yu , Ma Peixiang , Hou Wei , Yang Guang
Published: July 2022

A successful DNA‐encoded library (DEL) will consist of diverse skeletons and cover chemical space as comprehensive as possible to fully realize its potential in drug discovery and chemical biology. However, the lack of versatile on‐DNA arylation methods for phenols that are less nucleophilic and reactive poses a great hurdle for DEL to include diaryl ether, a privileged chemotype in pharmaceuticals and natural products. This work describes the use of “substrate activation” approach to address the arylation of DNA‐conjugated phenols. Diaryliodonium salt, a highly electrophilic and reactive arylation reagent, is employed as Ar+ sources to ensure highly selective on‐DNA arylation of phenols and oximes with both high yields and DNA fidelity. Notably, the new on‐DNA arylation reaction can be applied to the late‐stage modification of peptides containing tyrosine side‐chain and to synthesize DNA‐tagged analogues of existing drug molecules such as sorafenib, a known pan‐kinase inhibitor. The new on‐DNA diaryliodonium salts chemistry affords a greater flexibility in DEL design and synthesis.
Simultaneously Suppressing Charge Recombination and Decomposition of Perovskite Solar Cells by Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Nie Riming , Chu Weicun , Li Zhongping , Li He , Chen Shanshan , Chen Yaqing , Zhang Zhuhua , Liu Xiaoming , Guo Wanlin , Seok Sang Il
Published: July 2022

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has rapidly increased over the past 10 years. However, along with further efficiency improvements, it is necessary to improve the long‐term stability of perovskite materials, which limits the commercialization of PSCs. Therefore, it is urgent to find ways to simultaneously suppress charge recombination and degradation of perovskite materials. Here, two covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are synthesized by reacting thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐2,5‐dicarbaldehyde (TTDA) with 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) or 2,4,6‐tris(4‐aminophenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TTA). The addition of these two COFs to the perovskite layer allows for more efficient charge separation through spatially separated frontier orbitals, and can also inhibit the degradation of the FAPbI3 layer and the formation of δ‐FAPbI3. The PSCs with TTDA‐TTA‐COF exhibit higher efficiency and open‐circuit voltage than those with TTDA‐TAPB‐COF. This is attributed to the better crystallization of perovskites induced by stronger well‐conjugated properties and π–π interactions in TTDA‐TTA‐COF. The champion PSC with TTDA‐TTA‐COF exhibits a PCE of 23.35% and excellent long‐term stability. To the best of one's knowledge, this is the highest efficiency among PSCs fabricated using crystalline organic frameworks as additives. This work provides a new route to fabricate efficient and stable PSCs by incorporating proper COFs.
A Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]Difuran Based Donor Polymer Achieving High‐Performance (>17%) Single‐Junction Organic Solar Cells with a Fill Factor of 80.4%
Authors: Yi Jicheng , Pan Mingao , Chen Lu , Chen Yuzhong , Angunawela Indunil Chathurangani , Luo Siwei , Zhang Ting , Zeng Anping , Chen Jian , Qi Zhenyu , Yu Han , Liu Wei , Lai Joshua Yuk Lin , Kim Ha Kyung , Zhu Xunjin , Ade Harald , Lin Haoran , Yan He
Published: July 2022

In the field of non‐fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs), most of the promising polymer donors are based on benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) units while benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]difuran (BDF)‐based polymers have drawn less attention since the efficiencies of BDF polymer‐based devices are generally lower than those of BDT polymer‐based ones. In this contribution, the BDT unit in a polymer donor named D18 is replaced with a BDF unit, and a new polymer named D18‐Fu is synthesized. As a highly‐crystalline molecule named Y6‐1O is chosen as the acceptor, the efficiency of binary devices based on D18‐Fu can reach 16.38%. Furthermore, when one of fullerene derivatives PC71BM is added, the ternary devices based on D18‐Fu achieve an efficiency of 17.07% and a high fill factor (FF) of 80.4%, both of which are the highest values among those of BDF polymer‐based devices. For comparison, D18‐based ternary devices show an inferior efficiency of 15.61% mainly due to the lower FF of 73.9%. Subsequent characterization reveals that D18‐Fu possesses a more coplanar molecular geometry, leading to better morphology and higher charge mobility for a promising FF. The high performance shown in this work demonstrates the potential role of BDF units in the design of polymer donors for highly efficient OSCs.
A Ratiometric Photoacoustic Probe with a Reversible Response to Hydrogen Sulfide and Hydroxyl Radicals for Dynamic Imaging of Liver Inflammation
Authors: Wu Luyan , Zeng Wenhui , Ishigaki Yusuke , Zhang Junya , Bai He , Harimoto Takashi , Suzuki Takanori , Ye Deju
Published: July 2022

Reversible imaging probes that allow for the dynamic visualization of the redox cycle between hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are vital to probe the redox imbalance‐involved pathological process in vivo. Herein, we report a reversible ratiometric photoacoustic (PA) imaging nanoprobe (1‐PAIN) for the real‐time imaging of ⋅OH/H2S redox cycle in vivo.1‐PAIN displays a low PA ratio between 690 and 825 nm (PA690/PA825), which significantly increases by ≈5‐fold upon oxidation by ⋅OH, and is switched back to the initially low PA690/PA825value upon reduction by H2S.1‐PAIN could dynamically report on the hepatic ⋅OH production in mice during the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced liver inflammation process, and visualize hepatic H2S generation during theN‐acetyl cysteine (NAC)‐induced anti‐inflammation process.1‐PAIN can act as a useful tool to probe the redox state in living biology, beneficial for the study of redox imbalance‐related diseases.
Interval estimator for uncertain descriptor systems: a block diagonal transformation‐based solution
Authors: Liu Longwen , Xie Wei , Zhang Langwen
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates an interval observer (IO) design technique for a class of continuous‐time descriptor systems with bounded uncertainties. By adopting a block diagonal transformation, these constraints on the descriptor system cooperativity and the system sensor noise are well relaxed under a framework of the descriptor IO dynamic structure. Moreover, the sufficient existence condition of the descriptor IO for any descriptor system more than just the detectable or regular ones is formulated as the rank condition. By means of the elementary transformation, the rank condition is further transformed into a set of constrained matrix equations, and a valid constructive design algorithm is proposed under the stepwise parameter design process. Finally, the correctness and superiority of the obtained methods are illustrated through two simulation examples.
Data Specifications for Battery Manufacturing Digitalization: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Zanotto Franco M. , Dominguez Diana Zapata , Ayerbe Elixabete , Boyano Iker , Burmeister Christine , Duquesnoy Marc , Eisentraeger Marlene , Montaño Jonathan Florez , Gallo‐Bueno Alfonso , Gold Lukas , Hall Florian , Kaden Nicolaj , Muerkens Bernhard , Otaegui Laida , Reynier Yvan , Stier Simon , Thomitzek Matthias , Turetskyy Artem , Vallin Nicolas , Wessel Jacob , Xu Xukuan , Abbasov Jeyhun , Franco Alejandro A.
Published: July 2022

Lithium‐ion battery (LIB) manufacturing requires a pilot stage that optimizes its characteristics. However, this process is costly and time‐consuming. One way to overcome this is to use a set of computational models that act as a digital twin of the pilot line, exchanging information in real‐time that can be compared with measurements to correct parameters. Here we discuss the parameters involved in each step of LIB manufacturing, show available computational modeling approaches, and discuss details about practical implementation in terms of software. Then, we analyze these parameters regarding their criticality for modeling set‐up and validation, measurement accuracy, and rapidity. Presenting this in an understandable format allows identifying missing aspects, remaining challenges, and opportunities for the emergence of pilot lines integrating digital twins. Finally, we present the challenges of managing the data produced by these models. As a snapshot of the state‐of‐the‐art, this work is an initial step towards digitalizing battery manufacturing pilot lines, paving the way toward autonomous optimization.
The clinical relative biological effectiveness and prostate‐specific antigen kinetics of carbon‐ion radiotherapy in low‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Kang Yu‐Mei , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Inaniwa Taku , Iwai Yuma , Matsufuji Naruhiro , Kasuya Goro , Okonogi Noriyuki , Liu Yu‐Ming , Chao Yee , Wakatsuki Masaru , Tsujii Hirohiko , Tsuji Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

Background

To evaluate the clinical relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of carbon‐ion radiotherapy (C‐ion RT) for prostate cancer.

Methods

The records of 262 patients with low‐risk prostate cancer (median age, 65 [47–80] years) treated with C‐ion RT at QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology in Japan during 2000–2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Four different protocol outcomes and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) responses were evaluated. The median follow‐up was 8.4 years. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the biochemical or clinical failure‐free rate (BCFFR). Clinical RBE was calculated using the tumor control probability model.

Results

The 5‐, 7‐, and 10‐year BCFFRs were 91.7%, 83.8%, and 73.2%, respectively. The 10‐year BCFFRs of patients who received C‐ion RT at 66 Gy (RBE) in 20 fractions, 63 Gy (RBE) in 20 fractions, and 57.6 Gy (RBE) in 16 fractions were 81.4%, 70.9%, and 68.9%, respectively. The PSA level and density during follow‐up were better in the patients treated with the lower fraction size. A higher PSA nadir and shorter time to PSA nadir were risk factors for biochemical or clinical failure by multivariate Cox regression. The tumor control probability analysis showed that the estimated clinical RBE values to achieve an 80% BCFFR at 10 years for 20, 16, and 12 fractions were 2.19 (2.18–2.24), 2.16 (2.14–2.23), and 2.12 (2.09–2.21), respectively.

Conclusions

Using clinical data from low‐risk prostate cancer patients, we showed the clinical RBE of C‐ion RT decreased with increasing dose per fraction.
A case report of McCune–Albright syndrome with hepatic manifestations
Authors: Haddadi Mohammad , Lal Kheirkhah Elahe , Ansari Mojgan , Ahmadzade Samieh , Taraz Zeinab , Yazdi Saeid
Published: July 2022

McCune–Albright syndrome is a non‐hereditary disease characterized by café‐au‐lait skin spots, fibrous dysplasia of bone, and endocrinopathies. We report a boy with a history of repeated hospitalizations from birth due to severe jaundice and hyperthyroidism. At the age of 2 years, he suffered from a proximal left femoral fracture. During the follow‐up, liver function tests were abnormal. Considering the clinical and paraclinical findings, the patient was diagnosed with McCune–Albright syndrome.
Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in artificial seawater by caprylate
Authors: Nwanebu Emmanuel Onyekachi , Omanovic Sasha
Published: July 2022

The corrosion inhibition efficiency of sodium caprylate (SC) in protecting carbon steel (CS) in aqueous 3.5 wt.% NaCl was studied. SC was found to enable good corrosion protection of CS, yielding a maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of 80 ± 2%. The inhibition efficiency was shown to be directly proportional to the SC surface coverage, characterized by a two‐step adsorption isotherm. The adsorption of SC on CS in the lower SC concentration region was found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the first‐order reversible adsorption kinetics. The corresponding Gibbs free energy of SC adsorption was determined to be −23.8 kJ · mol−1, indicating a highly spontaneous adsorption process. The scanning electron microscopy imaging of the SC‐inhibited CS showed that the surface exhibited good corrosion stability during a 72 h exposure to the test medium.
Durvalumab as monotherapy and in combination therapy in patients with lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia: The FUSION NHL 001 trial
Authors: Casulo Carla , Santoro Armando , Cartron Guillaume , Ando Kiyoshi , Munoz Javier , Le Gouill Steven , Izutsu Koji , Rule Simon , Lugtenburg Pieternella , Ruan Jia , Arcaini Luca , Casadebaig Marie‐Laure , Fox Brian , Kilavuz Nurgul , Rettby Nils , Dell'Aringa Justine , Taningco Lilia , Delarue Richard , Czuczman Myron , Witzig Thomas
Published: July 2022

Background

Studies suggest that immune checkpoint inhibitors may represent a promising strategy for boosting immune responses and improving the antitumor activity of standard therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies.

Aims

Phase 1/2 FUSION NHL 001 was designed to determine the safety and efficacy of durvalumab, an anti‐programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) antibody, combined with standard‐of‐care therapies for lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Methods and Results

The primary endpoints were to determine the recommended phase 2 dose of the drugs used in combination with durvalumab (durvalumab was administered at the previously recommended dose of 1500 mg every 4 weeks) and to assess safety and tolerability. Patients were enrolled into one of four arms: durvalumab monotherapy (Arm D) or durvalumab in combination with lenalidomide ± rituximab (Arm A), ibrutinib (Arm B), or rituximab ± bendamustine (Arm C). A total of 106 patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma were enrolled. All but two patients experienced at least one treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE); those not experiencing a TEAE were in Arm C (diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma [DLBCL]) and Arm D (DLBCL during the durvalumab monotherapy treatment period). No new safety signals were identified, and TEAEs were consistent with the respective safety profiles for each study treatment. Across the study, patients with follicular lymphoma (FL; n = 23) had an overall response rate (ORR) of 59%; ORR among DLBCL patients (n = 37) was 18%. Exploratory biomarker analysis showed that response to durvalumab monotherapy or combination therapy was associated with higher interferon‐γ signature scores in patients with FL (p = .02).

Conclusion

Durvalumab as monotherapy or in combination is tolerable but requires close monitoring. The high rate of TEAEs during this study may reflect on the difficulty in combining durvalumab with full doses of other agents. Durvalumab alone or in combination appeared to add limited benefit to therapy.
Structure and Orientation of Water and Choline Chloride Molecules around a Methane Hydrophobe: A Computer Simulation Study
Authors: Nanavare Pooja , Choudhury Asha Rani , Sarkar Soham , Maity Atanu , Chakrabarti Rajarshi
Published: July 2022

Recent studies have reported manifold industrial applications of aqueous choline chloride (ChCl) solution as an alternative to deep eutectic solvent. ChCl also serves as a protecting co‐solvent for proteins by restricting urea to approach the protein surface and thereby maintaining the water structure around the protein. However, a detailed molecular‐level picture of the ChCl and water, even in the absence of urea around a representative hydrophobe is largely lacking. This motivates us to probe the effect of varying wt % of ChCl on the occupancy and orientations of the constituents around a representative solute like methane using computer simulations. Accumulation of water molecules and preferential exclusion of ChCl from the surface of methane perturb the tetrahedral geometry of water around it. We find a tangential alignment of the polar part of the ChCl molecules that interact with water, whereas its hydrophobic part is preferentially facing the methane. With an increase in ChCl wt %, a disruption in the tetrahedrality is evident for water molecules accompanied by a reduction in hydrogen bonds between water pairs in the solution. In short, ChCl induces crowding and modifies the microscopic arrangement and hydrogen bonding structure of the water around the methane and beyond.
Enhanced nuclear localization of phosphorylated MLKL predicts adverse events in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Fujita Yugo , Yano Toshiyuki , Kanamori Hiromitsu , Nagahara Daigo , Muranaka Atsuko , Kouzu Hidemichi , Mochizuki Atsushi , Koyama Masayuki , Nagano Nobutaka , Fujito Takefumi , Nishikawa Ryo , Kamiyama Naoyuki , Tanaka Marenao , Kuno Atsushi , Tanno Masaya , Miura Tetsuji
Published: July 2022

Aims

The role of necroptosis in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unclear. Here, we examined whether phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (MLKL), an indispensable event for execution of necroptosis, is associated with the progression of DCM.

Methods and results

Patients with DCM (n = 56, 56 ± 15 years of age; 68% male) were enrolled for immunohistochemical analyses of biopsies. Adverse events were defined as a composite of death or admission for heart failure or ventricular arrhythmia. Compared with the normal myocardium, increased signals of MLKL phosphorylation were detected in the nuclei, cytoplasm, and intercalated discs of cardiomyocytes in biopsy samples from DCM patients. The phosphorylated MLKL (p‐MLKL) signal was increased in enlarged nuclei or nuclei with bizarre shapes in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes. Nuclear p‐MLKL level was correlated negatively with septal peak myocardial velocity during early diastole (r = −0.327, P = 0.019) and was correlated positively with tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (r = 0.339, P = 0.023), while p‐MLKL level in intercalated discs was negatively correlated with mean left ventricular wall thickness (r = −0.360, P = 0.014). During a median follow‐up period of 3.5 years, 10 patients (18%) had adverse events. To examine the difference in event rates according to p‐MLKL expression levels, patients were divided into two groups by using the median value of nuclear p‐MLKL or intercalated disc p‐MLKL. A group with high nuclear p‐MLKL level (H‐nucMLKL group) had a higher adverse event rate than did a group with low nuclear p‐MLKL level (L‐nucMLKL group) (32% vs. 4%, P = 0.012), and Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the adverse event‐free survival rate was lower in the H‐nucMLKL group than in the L‐nucMLKL group (P = 0.019 by the log‐rank test). Such differences were not detected between groups divided by a median value of intercalated disc p‐MLKL. In δ‐sarcoglycan‐deficient (Sgcd−/−) mice, a model of DCM, total p‐MLKL and nuclear p‐MLKL levels were higher than in wild‐type mice.

Conclusion

The results suggest that increased localization of nuclear p‐MLKL in cardiomyocytes is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and future adverse events in DCM.
Prognostic significance of obstructive coronary artery disease in patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure: the ARIC study community surveillance
Authors: Chunawala Zainali S. , Qamar Arman , Arora Sameer , Pandey Ambarish , Fudim Marat , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Mentz Robert J. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Caughey Melissa C.
Published: July 2022

Aims

We aimed to investigate the impact of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), and examine potential differences in prognostic utility for heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) versus preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods and results

The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study conducted hospital surveillance of ADHF from 2005 to 2014. Obstructive CAD was defined as ≥50% or ≥75% stenosis, respectively, for the left main and other major epicardial arteries. Adjusted associations between obstructive CAD and 30‐, 60‐, and 90‐day mortality were analysed. A total of 934 (4146 weighted) patients admitted with ADHF (mean age 72 years, 46% women, 30% Black, 30% HFpEF) had available angiography (61% performed in hospital). Obstructive CAD was more prevalent with HFrEF than HFpEF, whether at the left main (15% vs. 11%), left anterior descending (LAD) (48% vs. 30%), left circumflex (37% vs. 32%), right coronary (42% vs. 32%), or multiple coronary arteries (45% vs. 33%). In‐hospital revascularization was performed in 25% and 22% of patients with HFrEF and HFpEF, respectively. Obstructive CAD was associated with higher adjusted mortality, particularly with left main or LAD involvement, and had a more pronounced association with 90‐day mortality in HFrEF (odds ratio [OR] 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53–5.02) than HFpEF (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.36–2.41) (p‐interaction = 0.05).

Conclusion

Patients hospitalized with ADHF and coexisting obstructive CAD have higher short‐term mortality, warranting the need for effective interventions and secondary prevention.
Synthesis, Structures and Optical Limiting of Catecholato‐Based Aluminum Oxo Clusters
Authors: Liu Zhuang‐Hua , Chen Ran‐Qi , Wang San‐Tai , Liu Ya‐Jie , Fang Wei‐Hui , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2022

Present herein is the currently largest catecholato‐based aluminum oxo clusters. By adjusting the amount of auxiliary 3, 5‐dimethylpyrazole ligands, the synthesis of aluminum oxo clusters (AlOCs) (AlOC‐86) to high nuclearity AlOCs (AlOC‐88) were successfully achieved. Such synthetic strategy is applicable to imidazole ligands and new compounds (AlOC‐87andAlOC‐89) were obtained. Single crystal analysis shows thatAlOC‐86andAlOC‐87are hexanuclear clusters made up of two edge‐sharing tetrahedral clusters. The nuclearity of compoundsAlOC‐88andAlOC‐89is doubled and they are S‐shape dodecanuclear AlOCs. The aggregation of such clusters is attributed to the labile sites on the two ends of the hexanuclear clusters. In addition, open aperture (OA) Z‐scan measurements results indicate that these compounds exhibit manifest reverse saturation absorption (RSA) response.