bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erucin, a Natural Isothiocyanate, Prevents Polyglutamine-Induced Toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans via aak-2/AMPK and daf-16/FOXO Signaling
Authors: Balducci Martina , Pérez Julia Tortajada , del Río Cristina Trujillo , Pérez Mar Collado , Carranza Andrea del Valle , Gomez Escribano Ana Pilar , Vázquez-Manrique Rafael P. , Tarozzi Andrea
Published: November 2024

Several neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Huntington’s disease, six of the spinocerebellar ataxias, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, and spinobulbar muscular atrophy, are caused by abnormally long polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts. Natural compounds capable of alleviating polyQ-induced toxicity are currently of great interest. In this work, we investigated the modulatory effect against polyQ neurotoxic aggregates exerted by erucin (ERN), an isothiocyanate naturally present in its precursor glucoerucin in rocket salad leaves and in its oxidized form, sulforaphane (SFN), in broccoli. Using C. elegans models expressing polyQ in different tissues, we demonstrated that ERN protects against polyQ-induced toxicity and that its action depends on the catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (aak-2/AMPKα2) and, downstream in this pathway, on the daf-16/FOXO transcription factor, since nematodes deficient in aak-2/AMPKα2 and daf-16 did not respond to the treatment, respectively. Although triggered by a different source of neurotoxicity than polyQ diseases, i.e., by α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates, Parkinson’s disease (PD) was also considered in our study. Our results showed that ERN reduces α-syn aggregates and slightly improves the motility of worms. Therefore, further preclinical studies in mouse models of protein aggregation are justified and could provide insights into testing whether ERN could be a potential neuroprotective compound in humans.
Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Metabolic Syndrome in Male Patients-Systematic Review
Authors: Mlynarz Nicola , Miedziaszczyk Miłosz , Wieckowska Barbara , Szalek Edyta , Lacka Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises several symptoms or disorders that significantly increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. This study aims to determine the direct impact of testosterone therapy on the components of MS; although excluding type 2 diabetes cases. The authors conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases without date limits, using keywords such as “testosterone therapy”, “metabolic syndrome” and “men”. The studies included in our review focused on the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in male patients with MS, yet rejecting individuals where type 2 diabetes constituted the only diagnosis. A meta-analysis was performed using PQStat v1.8.6 software. The overall effect size (mean difference) was calculated using a random effects model. Our meta-analysis indicates that testosterone therapy leads to improvement in the components of MS. Significant reductions were observed in waist circumference (WC) (95% CI: −0.709 to 0.094; p = 0.011), as well as in triglycerides (TG) (95% CI: −0.474 to 0.120; p = 0.039). These findings support the potential therapeutic benefits of testosterone treatment in managing MS. However, further research is vital to explore the long-term effects and the safety of this therapy in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Physiological and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insights into the Response of Grain Filling to High Temperature in Male-Sterile Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lines
Authors: Hou Qiling , Gao Jiangang , Wang Hanxia , Qin Zhilie , Sun Hui , Yuan Shaohua , Liang Yulong , Wang Changhua , Zhang Fengting , Yang Weibing
Published: November 2024

High-temperature (HT) stress frequently affects the early and middle stages of grain filling in hybrid seed production regions. Photo-thermo-sensitive male-sterile (PTMS) wheat lines, which play a critical role as female parents in hybrid seed production, face challenges under HT conditions. However, the mechanisms governing grain filling in PTMS lines under HT stress remain poorly understood. This study used the BS253 line to investigate the effects of HT on grain filling, primarily focusing on the transition from sucrose unloading to starch synthesis. The findings indicated that HT significantly reduced the grain starch content and weight by 7.65% and 36.35% at maturity, respectively. Further analysis revealed that the expression levels of TaSUT1 and TaSWEETs in grains initially increased after HT stress, paralleling the rise in sucrose content during the same period. The activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, granule-bound starch synthase, and soluble starch synthase were markedly decreased, indicating that impaired starch synthesis was a key factor limiting grain filling immediately after HT exposure. A total of 41 key regulatory genes involved in sucrose-to-starch metabolism were identified, with HT significantly reducing the expression of genes associated with pathways from sucrose unloading to starch synthesis during the middle and late stages post-HT. Based on the observed ultrastructural changes in the abdominal phloem and sucrose transporter expression levels under HT, we concluded that limited sucrose supply, degradation, and inhibition of starch synthesis collectively constrained grain filling during these stages. Additionally, 11 heat shock proteins and two catalase genes were identified and significantly upregulated during the initial phase post-HT, suggesting their potential role in enhancing sucrose supply at this critical time. More importantly, seven key genes involved in the sucrose-to-starch pathway were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), which provides target genes for their functional research for starch synthase. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of how HT limits grain filling, identify several genes involved in the sucrose-to-starch pathway, and offer a novel perspective for future research on HT-restricted grain filling across the entire process from sucrose unloading to starch synthesis in developing grains.
Endometriosis: Future Biological Perspectives for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Garvey Mary
Published: November 2024

Endometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent inflammatory disease affecting menstruating women, with varying levels of severity. Oestrogen dysregulation is responsible for chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, endometrial lesion development, progression, and infertility during menarche in afflicted women. The inflammatory mediators associated with this chronic painful disease have been established, with research also indicating the relationship between dysbiosis and disease manifestation. Endometriosis is also present with several painful comorbidities, including endometrial cancer, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmunity. The lack of specific and sensitive non-invasive diagnostic procedures, coupled with poor response to current therapeutic approaches, means that treatment needs remain unmet. Surgical procedures are performed to remove endometriosis ectopic lesions, for which the recurrence rate of disease is up to 50%, with certain patients exhibiting no alleviation of symptoms. This review aims to outline the aetiology of endometriosis, detailing novel diagnostic approaches and potential therapeutic approaches, namely advanced therapeutic medical products (ATMPs), including stem cell therapy and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene editing. This timely review also provides novel insights into the important recent modalities which may be applied for the diagnosis and therapeutic response of endometriosis, including biomarkers, microfluidic platforms, and organoid systems. Undoubtedly, reliable, reproducible, sensitive, and specific models of endometriosis in humans are urgently needed to investigate and detail the aetiology of this debilitating disease.
The Inhibitory Effect of Hedera helix and Coptidis Rhizome Mixture in the Pathogenesis of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Cleavage of E-Cadherin in Acid-Exposed Primary Human Pharyngeal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Im Nu-Ri , Kim Byoungjae , Chung You Yeon , Jung Kwang-Yoon , Kim Yeon Soo , Baek Seung-Kuk
Published: November 2024

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is a prevalent upper airway disorder characterized by inflammation and epithelial damage due to the backflow of gastric contents. Current treatments, primarily proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), often show variable efficacy, necessitating the exploration of alternative or adjunctive therapies. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of a mixture of Hedera helix and Coptidis rhizome (HHCR) in mitigating the pathophysiological mechanisms of LPRD. Using an in vitro model of human pharyngeal epithelial cells exposed to acidic conditions, we observed that acid exposure significantly increased the expression of adenosine A3 receptor (adenosine A3) and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), leading to E-cadherin cleavage and compromised epithelial integrity. Treatment with the HHCR mixture effectively suppressed adenosine A3 expression and MMP-7 activity, thereby reducing E-cadherin cleavage and preserving cellular cohesion. These results highlight the HHCR mixture’s ability to modulate the adenosine A3–MMP-7–E-cadherin pathway, suggesting its potential as a valuable adjunctive therapy for LPRD, particularly for patients unresponsive to conventional PPI treatment. This study provides new insights into the molecular interactions involved in LPRD and supports further clinical evaluation of HHCR as a complementary treatment option.
Molecular Analysis of PIK3CA in Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer in Chile: Clinical and Pathological Insights
Authors: Araya Carla , Mino Bárbara , Le Cerf Patricio , Gaete Fancy , Armisen Ricardo , Carvajal-Hausdorf Daniel E.
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. PIK3CA gene mutations, which are often present in advanced HR+ breast cancer, can be targeted by alpelisib. However, data on PIK3CA mutations in Chile are limited. Here, we aim to assess the mutational status of PIK3CA in metastatic breast cancer tissues from Chilean patients and describe their clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes. We analyzed 102 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded metastatic breast cancer samples from 96 patients diagnosed at three Chilean hospitals between 2007 and 2023. PIK3CA mutations were identified using targeted sequencing, and clinicopathological data were collected. We evaluated associations between mutational status, clinicopathological features, and survival. The median age at diagnosis was 56 years. The most common metastatic sites were liver (29.4%), bone (17.6%), and lung/pleura (16.7%). Most patients were HR+ HER2− (83.3%), with 57.3% showing HER2-low status. PIK3CA mutations were present in 40.6% of patients, mainly in exons 7, 9, and 20. No significant associations were found between PIK3CA mutations and clinicopathological characteristics or survival. Our study reveals a high frequency of PIK3CA mutations in HR+ metastatic breast cancer, consistent with global data. The majority of mutations are targetable with alpelisib. The proportion of HER2-low status patients suggests potential benefits from novel HER2-targeted therapies. These findings highlight the need for routine molecular diagnostics in Chile to improve personalized treatment and address economic and access challenges.
Acute Paraoxon-Induced Neurotoxicity in a Mouse Survival Model: Oxidative Stress, Dopaminergic System Alterations and Memory Deficits
Authors: Urquizu Edurne , Paratusic Selma , Goyenechea Júlia , Gómez-Canela Cristian , Fumàs Berta , Pubill David , Raldúa Demetrio , Camarasa Jordi , Escubedo Elena , López-Arnau Raúl
Published: November 2024

The secondary neurotoxicity induced by severe organophosphorus (OP) poisoning, including paraoxon (POX), is associated with cognitive impairments in survivors, who, despite receiving appropriate emergency treatments, may still experience lasting neurological deficits. Thus, the present study provides a survival mouse model of acute and severe POX poisoning to examine secondary neurotoxicity. Swiss CD-1 male mice were injected with POX (4 mg/kg, s.c.) followed by atropine (4 mg/kg, i.p.), pralidoxime (2-PAM; Pyridine-2-aldoxime methochloride) (25 mg/kg, i.p., twice, 1 h apart) and diazepam (5 mg/kg, i.p.), resulting in a survival rate >90% and Racine score of 5–6. Our results demonstrated that the model showed increased lipid peroxidation, downregulation of antioxidant enzymes and astrogliosis in the mouse hippocampus (HP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), brain areas involved in cognitive functions. Moreover, dopamine (DA) levels were reduced in the hp, but increased in the PFC. Furthermore, the survival mouse model of acute POX intoxication did not exhibit phenotypic manifestations of depression, anxiety or motor incoordination. However, our results demonstrated long-term recognition memory impairments, which are in accordance with the molecular and neurochemical effects observed. In conclusion, this mouse model can aid in researching POX exposure’s effects on memory and developing potential countermeasures against the secondary neurotoxicity induced by severe OP poisoning.
An Allele Based-Approach for Internet of Transactional Things Service Placement in Intelligent Edge Environments
Authors: Riane Driss , Ettazi Widad , Nassar Mahmoud
Published: November 2024

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has steered in a new generation of connectivity and data-driven decision-making across diverse industrial sectors. As IoT deployments continue to expand, the need for robust and reliable data management systems at the network’s edge becomes increasingly critical, especially for time-sensitive IoT applications requiring real-time responses. This study delves into the emerging research area known as the Internet of Transactional Things (Io2T) at the edge architecture, where the integration of transactional ACID properties into IoT devices and objects promises to enhance data reliability and consistency in distributed, resource-constrained environments. This paper investigates the reliability issues regarding Io2T applications at the edge and tackles more specifically the service placement problem. A formalized problem is proposed that aims to minimize the global response time of the Io2T services in edge infrastructure. The concept of an allele is introduced to address service placement using a hybrid approach for ordering transactional components. Furthermore, a demonstration is featured using a smart transportation system as a proof-of-concept.
Sleep Architecture Changes in Diabetes
Authors: Mao Yuanjie
Published: November 2024

Data on the relationship between sleep architecture and diabetes are limited. However, some evidence suggests that slow-wave sleep (SWS) plays a crucial role in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis and influences insulin secretion capacity. Diabetes is often associated with reduced SWS, even in the absence of sleep-disordered breathing. Notably, selective suppression of SWS—without reducing total sleep time—can lead to significant increases in insulin resistance, decreased glucose tolerance, and a higher risk of diabetes. Given the growing interest in non-pharmacological lifestyle interventions, such as modifying sleep architecture, it is important to understand how sleep patterns differ in individuals with diabetes and whether these alterations impact diabetes risk and glycemic control. This review aims to provide a concise overview of the current findings on sleep architecture changes in people with diabetes.
Modified Balloon Use After Rotational Atherectomy Reduces Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event Rates in Severely Calcified Coronary Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ehrenberger Réka , Masszi Richárd , Zsigmond Előd-János , Nguyen Do To Uyen , Turan Caner , Walter Anna , Hegyi Péter , Engh Marie Anne , Duray Gábor Zoltán , Molnár Zsolt , Merkely Béla , Édes István Ferenc
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Calcified coronary lesions require plaque modification techniques for optimal stent apposition, of which rotational atherectomy (RA) is the most commonly used one. Challenging cases require the use of additional dedicated devices (such as modified balloons, MB); however, data available for evidence-based device selection are limited. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of the balloon-based technology used after successful RA treatment on outcomes. Methods: This study was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, CENTRAL and Embase databases were systematically searched for eligible randomized and non-randomized studies. Results: A total of nine studies and 1024 patients were included in the analysis. Patients were treated with RA followed by either plain balloon angioplasty (RA + BA) or modified balloon (RA + MB) treatment prior to stent implantation. There was no significant difference in MACE (major adverse cardiovascular events; OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.21–1.34; p = 0.153), all-cause mortality (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.33–1.42; p = 0.265), and target lesion revascularization (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.27–1.55; p = 0.264) between the two groups. However, a sensitivity analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in MACE for patients with severely calcified lesions (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.25–0.70; p = 0.009) in the RA + MB group. The analyses of the safety outcomes of slow flow/no reflow (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.29–1.22; p = 0.128) and coronary artery perforation (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.70–1.99; p = 0.480) showed no difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests that the benefit of the more invasive RA + MB treatment is statistically significant for severely calcified lesions, but is not associated with additional procedural complications.
Analysis of the Influence of Personality Traits on the Level of Knowledge and Health Behaviours of Cardiac Patients
Authors: Krężel Patrycja , Połomska Sylwia , Jurczak Anna , Czajkowski Grzegorz , Napieracz-Trzosek Izabela , Wieder-Huszla Sylwia
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Numerous risk factors of cardiac diseases are influenced by health behaviours. An individual’s health behaviours, somatic symptoms and even cardiac outcomes can be influenced by their personality. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of personality traits on the knowledge and health behaviour of cardiac patients. Methods: The study was conducted at the Independent Public Voivodship Hospital in Szczecin on 180 patients in the invasive cardiology wards and the intensive cardiac care unit between July and September 2019. A self-developed questionnaire and the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI) and Health Behaviour Inventory (HBI) standardised tools were used. Results: Respondents mostly linked the occurrence of cardiovascular disease with smoking (87.22%) and hypertension (85.56%). A large majority of the respondents (68.44%) knew the correct recommended values for blood pressure. This was also the case for total cholesterol—only 20.56% of the patients did not know the correct levels. Respondents experienced more difficulty in adhering to preventive measures—only 27.22% followed a low-fat diet and only half controlled their weight. The overall HBI scale score was 5.93 sten, which indicates an average score. The most intense personality trait among the respondents was extraversion (5.79), while the least intense was agreeableness (4.12). Neuroticism was found to be negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with healthy eating habits and a positive mental attitude. Extroverts, on the other hand, are more likely to take preventive action. Older and non-working individuals are more likely to exhibit health-promoting behaviours in all HBI categories (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The personality traits that have the greatest impact on health behaviour are extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Health practises also depend on gender, age and work activity. Further research on more diverse groups is needed.
Detection of Aortic Dissection and Intramural Hematoma in Non-Contrast Chest Computed Tomography Using a You Only Look Once-Based Deep Learning Model
Authors: Kim Yu-Seop , Kim Jae Guk , Choi Hyun Young , Lee Dain , Kong Jin-Woo , Kang Gu Hyun , Jang Yong Soo , Kim Wonhee , Lee Yoonje , Kim Jihoon , Shin Dong Geum , Park Jae Keun , Lee Gayoung , Kim Bitnarae
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Aortic dissection (AD) and aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) are fatal diseases with similar clinical characteristics. Immediate computed tomography (CT) with a contrast medium is required to confirm the presence of AD or IMH. This retrospective study aimed to use CT images to differentiate AD and IMH from normal aorta (NA) using a deep learning algorithm. Methods: A 6-year retrospective study of non-contrast chest CT images was conducted at a university hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea, from January 2016 to July 2021. The position of the aorta was analyzed in each CT image and categorized as NA, AD, or IMH. The images were divided into training, validation, and test sets in an 8:1:1 ratio. A deep learning model that can differentiate between AD and IMH from NA using non-contrast CT images alone, called YOLO (You Only Look Once) v4, was developed. The YOLOv4 model was used to analyze 8881 non-contrast CT images from 121 patients. Results: The YOLOv4 model can distinguish AD, IMH, and NA from each other simultaneously with a probability of over 92% using non-contrast CT images. Conclusions: This model can help distinguish AD and IMH from NA when applying a contrast agent is challenging.
Finite Element Combined Design and Material Optimization Addressing the Wear in Removable Implant Prosthodontics
Authors: Shayanfard Pejman , Tan Xingchen , Karl Matthias , Wendler Frank
Published: November 2024

Wear at the male–female interface of retentive elements in implant-supported removable prostheses is the most frequent complication in such applications. The lack of an ideal/optimal insertion path, as well as the fabrication inaccuracies, are the primary contributors to this issue. A male attachment with a common ball anchor enhanced by lateral flexibility was investigated as a solution, compared to the widely used rigid ball anchor design. A parametric finite element analysis was performed to compare the wear-inducing maximum strain at the female polymer counterpart by various attachment designs made from titanium and Nitinol. The evolution of mechanical strains causing wear in the female part, as well as the contribution of stresses and martensitic transformation in the implant’s flexible shaft, were evaluated under several insertion misfit scenarios. Results indicate that introducing a long flexible shaft in the titanium implant reduced maximum strains in the female attachment part by up to 61% as compared to the solid ball anchor. Further improvement was observed by using the shape memory alloy Nitinol as shaft material, leading to a minor reduction in stress and strain at the contact surface but allowing for a shorter abutment. Finally, the optimized Nitinol implant design with a short, necked flexible shaft promoting martensitic transformation at low plateau stress resulted in an approximate 90% reduction in maximum strains at the inner surface of the female part during manual insertion, which indicates a significantly reduced wear phenomenon at the contact.
Secukinumab for the Treatment of Axial Spondyloarthritis: Long-Term Real-Life Data from Five Italian Referral Centers
Authors: Gentileschi Stefano , Cannistrà Carlo , Gaggiano Carla , Damiani Arianna , Carli Linda , Benucci Maurizio , Cantini Fabrizio , Niccoli Laura , Vitale Antonio , Baldi Caterina , Delle Sedie Andrea , Cantarini Luca , Mosca Marta , Frediani Bruno , Guiducci Serena
Published: November 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and drug retention rate of secukinumab (SCK) in axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) within a multicentric real-life cohort. Methods: Data from patients with ax-SpA treated with SCK at five Italian centers were collected retrospectively, excluding those with a diagnosis of Psoriatic Arthritis. Evaluations were conducted at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Assessments included C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), BASDAI, and ASDAS-CRP. Results: Seventy-one ax-SpA patients (57.7% female, mean age: 53.86 ± 12.67 years) were enrolled. Baseline mean BASDAI was 6.2 ± 1.4 and ASDAS-CRP was 2.9 ± 1.3. Significant improvements in BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP were observed over time, with BASDAI reducing to 3.5 ± 1.9 (p < 0.0001) and ASDAS-CRP to 1.7 ± 0.9 (p < 0.0001) at 24 months. The follow-up duration averaged 20.46 ± 13.46 months. By the end of follow-up, 29.5% of patients discontinued SCK. The two-year retention rate was 72%. Dropout risk was higher in patients with fibromyalgia (HR: 2.896, p = 0.026). No significant retention differences were found based on sex, age, enthesitis, radiographic disease, combination with cDMARDs, SCK dosage, or previous bDMARD exposure. Lower ASDAS-CRP at the study’s end was noted in patients without fibromyalgia (1.4 vs. 2.5, p < 0.001). Conclusions: SCK showed rapid and lasting effectiveness for ax-SpA with a favorable retention rate, though fibromyalgia may reduce treatment persistence.
Understanding Impacts of Neighbourhood Micro-Renewal Through a Lens of Place Value: A Case Study of Wuhan, China
Authors: He Shiyuan , Li Yu
Published: November 2024

Neighbourhood micro-renewal (NMIR) plays a critical role in the renewal landscape of urban China. However, an oversight in post-occupancy evaluation (POE) impedes the comprehensive understanding of NMIR’s impact and post-implementation efficacy. This research addresses this gap by leveraging the lens of place value to examine NMIR’s outcomes. Using Wuhan, China, as a case study, 10 Delphi consultations and 28 interviews were conducted among five stakeholder groups: local government, planning professionals, academics, community workers, and residents. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) were combined to identify and rank potential indicators. A total of 6 primary and 22 secondary indicators were identified. The indicators were derived from four key policy areas—health, society, economy, and environment—highlighting the relationship among NMIR initiatives, their contribution to place quality, and alignment with policy goals. AHP and FCE results reveal substantial enhancements in environmental quality, residential properties, and public infrastructure. Nevertheless, the analysis exposes varied satisfaction levels and divergences in the perceived relevance of indicators among the government, professionals, and the residents, particularly concerning social cohesion. These disparities underscore the layered impacts of NMIR. This research recommends integrating resident feedback with expert insights to enhance place quality in NMIR projects by balancing physical upgrades with social considerations. It also advocates for a continuous, adaptable post-occupancy evaluation system to monitor and support place value over time. This system should be flexible and context-specific, allowing NMIR initiatives to adapt to diverse urban settings globally, thus supporting long-term sustainability and thriving urban communities.
Initial Evaluation of Safety and Immunomodulatory Potential of Dietary Supplementation with Mangosteen Pericarp Extract for Sustainable Meat Production in Native Crossbred Chickens
Authors: Kaewtui Phruedrada , Lumsangkul Chompunut , Satsook Apinya , Sringarm Korawan , Arjin Chaiwat , Tapingkae Wanaporn , Khamtavee Pimporn , Srinual Orranee , Punyatong Montri , Huanhong Kiattisak , Chongrattanameteekul Peerawit , Rattaworapanit Natpasit , Mangkang Thanawut , Mektrirat Raktham
Published: November 2024

The utilization of mangosteen biomass not only solves environmental problems but also raises the value of agricultural waste. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential of mangosteen pericarp extract (MPE) for enhancing the immunity and productivity of Thai native crossbred chickens on-farm. A total of 180 three-week-old chickens were divided into negative control and supplemented groups, with 1000 mg MPE/kg of diet. The safety of MPE was further confirmed by the absence of noticeable differences in mortality and biochemical parameters during the entire study period. The MPE-supplemented group displayed significant differences in the relative transcription levels of IL-10 compared to the basal diet group (p ≤ 0.01). Preslaughter body weight, average daily gain, and carcass weight in the MPE-supplemented group were higher than those in the basal diet group (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, MPE supplementation improved meat quality by enhancing the nutritional composition of protein and fat (p ≤ 0.05), as well as improving water-holding capacity, lowering boiling, and lowering grilling losses (p ≤ 0.01). These findings indicate that MPE can be an effective supplement for enhancing flock immunity, growth performance, and meat quality in poultry. This contributes to more sustainable agriculture and food security within agroecosystems.
Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz Exhibits Antihypertensive Effects by Inhibiting the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme/Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Pathway in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Othman Nur Syakirah , Nor Hisam Nur Syahidah , Mad Azli Amanina Athirah , Mansor Nur Izzati , Hamid Adila A. , Aminuddin Amilia , Mohamad Anuar Nur Najmi , Ahmad Mohd Faizal , Ugusman Azizah
Published: November 2024

Overactivation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) pathway leads to vasoconstriction and elevated blood pressure. Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz is an herbal plant known for its antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-atherosclerotic properties, with bioactive compounds that exhibit antihypertensive effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antihypertensive effects of the standardized aqueous extract of P. minor leaf (AEPM) through the ACE/AT1R pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). HUVECs were stimulated with PMA to induce ACE, with or without AEPM or captopril treatment, for 24 h. Subsequently, ACE mRNA expression, ACE protein levels, ACE activity, angiotensin II levels, and AT1R expression were measured. The results demonstrated that AEPM treatment significantly reduced ACE mRNA expression, ACE protein levels, ACE activity, angiotensin II levels, and AT1R expression in PMA-induced HUVECs. The modulatory effects of AEPM on the ACE/AT1R pathway were comparable to those of captopril. Ex vivo experiments further confirmed that AEPM reduced the contraction responses of rat aortic rings to PMA. In conclusion, P. minor effectively inhibits the ACE/AT1R pathway in PMA-induced HUVECs, suggesting its potential as a natural antihypertensive agent.
Investigation of a Modular High-Pressure Heat Exchanger with Metal Foam Packing for a Pneumatic–Hydraulic Drive
Authors: Dyga Roman , Brol Sebastian
Published: November 2024

The results of the first stage of work aimed at improving a hybrid drive system in which the combustion engine is supported by a pneumatic–hydraulic motor are presented. The purpose of the described work was to show that a heat exchanger with a design adapted to the operating conditions of a pneumatic–hydraulic motor would allow sufficient air heating at the expense of waste heat from the combustion engine, thus increasing the efficiency of the drive system. It was assumed that the key component of the heat exchanger would be copper foam in order to increase the heat exchange surface. A prototype modular heat exchanger was designed and tested. An open-cell copper foam with a porosity of 0.9 and a pore density of 40PPI was placed in the heat exchanger. Experimental and numerical air heating studies were carried out under various heat exchanger operating conditions. The tests were conducted at initial air temperatures of −123 °C, −71 °C, and 22 °C and air pressures of 2.5 × 106 and 7.0 × 106 Pa. The air mass flux was in the range of 3.6–1644 kg/(m2s). It was found that the tested heat exchanger allows a reduction in air consumption in the drive system of 11% to 58% and increases the efficiency of the air expansion system by 16% to 30%. The maximum efficiency of the heat exchanger is 96%. The results of the work carried out will help to improve the pneumatic–hydraulic drive systems of work machines and vehicles.
Advanced Manufacturing Technologies of Thermoplastic Composites
Authors: Zhao Tian
Published: November 2024

Thermoplastic composites are becoming increasingly attractive to the aerospace and automotive industries owing to their outstanding mechanical properties and cost-effective manufacturing processes [...]
Optimization of Laser Based-Powder Bed Fusion Parameters for Controlled Porosity in Titanium Alloy Components
Authors: Vaglio Emanuele , Scalzo Federico , Sortino Marco , Totis Giovanni , Cremonese Roberto , Boccia Massimiliano , Danielis Maila
Published: November 2024

Laser based-powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) enables fast, efficient, and cost-effective production of high-performing products. While advanced functionalities are often derived from geometric complexity, the capability to tailor material properties also offers significant opportunities for technical innovation across many fields. This study explores the optimization of the LB-PBF process parameters for producing Ti6Al4V titanium alloy parts with controlled porosity. To this end, cuboid and lamellar samples were fabricated by systematically varying laser power, hatch distance, and layer thickness according to a full factorial Design of Experiments, and the resulting specimens were thoroughly characterized by analyzing envelope porosity, surface roughness and waviness, surface morphology, and surface area. A selection of specimens was further examined using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) to investigate the atomic structure and nanometric porosity of the material. The results demonstrated the possibility to finely control the porosity and surface characteristics of Ti6Al4V within specific LB-PBF process ranges. The pores were found to be mostly closed even for thin walls, while the surface roughness was recognized as the primary factor impacting the surface area. The lamellar samples obtained by exposing single scan tracks showed nearly an order-of-magnitude increase in both surface area and pore volume, thereby laying the groundwork for the production of parts with optimized porosity.
Three-Dimensional Printing of Metallic Parts by Means of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)
Authors: Buj-Corral Irene , Fenollosa-Artés Felip , Minguella-Canela Joaquim
Published: November 2024

Obtaining metallic parts via Additive Manufacturing can yield several advantages over using other traditional manufacturing methods such as machining. Material extrusion (MEX) can handle complex shapes with porous structures and, at the present time, much low-end and desktop equipment is available. In the present work, different industrial and medical applications of metallic Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) parts are presented. First, an overview of the process, equipment, and of the metal-filled filaments currently available is provided. Then, the properties of parts and different applications are shown. For example, metal-filled filaments with a low metal content that can be used to obtain plastic parts with metallic appearance (with either steel, copper, or bronze), and filaments with a high metallic content allow obtaining metallic parts with high mechanical strength after a sintering operation. The present contribution aims to be an up-to-date panorama for current industrial and medical results and lessons learnt from the application of FFF to obtain metallic parts.
Editorial: Roles of the Circadian Rhythms in Metabolic Disease and Health
Authors: Galasso Letizia , Castelli Lucia , Bruno Eleonora
Published: November 2024

Chronobiology is the field of study focused on understanding the temporal patterns of biological functions, specifically examining the regular cycles or oscillations in these processes [...]
Analysis of In Vivo Plant Volatiles Using Active Sampling and TD-GC×GC-TOFMS
Authors: Schmidt Sheri A. , Mesfin Ewenet Yemane , Weeraddana Chaminda De Silva , de la Mata A. Paulina , Costamagna Alejandro C. , Harynuk James J.
Published: November 2024

Background: Plants constantly produce primary and secondary metabolites, and a significant fraction of these are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Factors including the life stage of the plant, temperature, environment, and stress influence the abundance and types of VOCs emitted. The analysis of VOCs released by plants during different stages or with different conditions provides insight into plant metabolism and stress responses. Collecting the VOC profiles of plants in vivo makes it possible to obtain a representative sample of the entire plant volatilome under controlled conditions with minimal invasiveness. In addition, in vivo sampling can also be used to compare the impacts of different environmental conditions or stressors on plants, i.e., the presence/absence of a pest or amount of nitrogen in soil. Methods: In this study, an in vivo plant sampling technique is introduced and validated using active sampling and thermal desorption (TD) tubes with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TD-GC×GC-TOFMS). The purpose of this work is to highlight a novel technique to analyze headspace secondary plant metabolites with a minimal invasiveness. Results: It was concluded that in vivo active sampling onto TD tubes provides a wider global coverage of compounds and larger peak areas when compared to extraction by solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Additionally, the Horwitz ratio of active sampling onto TD tubes was 0.893, demonstrating this technique to be a reliable and reproducible method. Lastly, a variety of plants were sampled to assess the versatility of this technique across various plant species with different sizes and volatile profiles. Hundreds of compounds were measured with this analysis, including terpenes, aldehydes, ketones, terpenoids, and alcohols. Conclusions: This novel in vivo active sampling method provides an additional technique for extracting and analyzing volatile secondary plant metabolites.
A Study on Regulating the Residual Stress of Electroplated Cu by Manipulating the Nanotwin Directions
Authors: Yang Gangli , Shi Tailong , Chang Liu , Zhu Hongjia , Tong Dongyu , Yang Wending , Li Zeyuan , Li Liyi
Published: November 2024

Glass substrate, a new type of substrate with excellent mechanical and electrical properties of glass itself, has great potential to become an ideal platform for heterogeneous integration in chiplet systems for high-performance computing applications. The residual stress of the metal layer generated on the glass surface during the electroplating process is one of the major bottlenecks of glass packaging technologies, resulting in glass-metal layer delamination and glass breakage. This paper demonstrated for the first time a method to regulate the residual stress by manipulating the nanotwin directions of the electroplated Cu. The experimental results show that nanotwins with three different directions (non-directional, vertical, and horizontal) can be manipulated by controlling electroplating conditions (concentration of Cl− and gelatin, stirring speed). The orientations of non-directional, vertical, and horizontal nanotwinned Cu are non-oriented, 110 and 111, respectively. After electroplating, the 111-oriented nanotwinned Cu has the smallest residual stress (39.7 MPa). Annealing can significantly reduce the residual stress of nanotwinned Cu, which has been attributed to the decrease in the geometric necessity dislocation density. 110-oriented nanotwinned Cu had drastic recrystallization, while 111-oriented nanotwinned Cu and non-oriented nanotwinned Cu had only slight recrystallization. After annealing, the residual stress of 111-nt-Cu remains the lowest (29.1 MPa).
High-Performance Self-Powered Dual-Mode Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on (PEA)2PbI4/GaN Heterojunction
Authors: Bian Ang , Shen Songchao , Yang Chen , Dai Jun
Published: November 2024

Wide-bandgap semiconductors like GaN, known for their superior photoresponse and detection capabilities in the ultraviolet range, represent a foundational component in the design of advanced photodetectors, where the integration of materials with distinct spectral sensitivities into heterojunctions is pivotal for next-generation device innovation. A high-performance self-powered dual-mode ultraviolet photodetector based on a (PEA)2PbI4/GaN heterojunction was fabricated via spin coating. The device exhibits outstanding UV sensitivity under both positive and negative bias, achieving a responsivity of 1.39 A/W and a detectivity of 8.71 × 1010 Jones under 365 nm UV illumination. The built-in electric field at the heterojunction interface enables self-powered operation, achieving a rapid rise time of 46.9 ms and a decay time of 55.9 ms. These findings offer valuable insights into the development and application of perovskite and wide-bandgap semiconductor heterojunctions in optoelectronic devices.
Respiration Monitoring Using Humidity Sensor Based on Hydrothermally Synthesized Two-Dimensional MoS2
Authors: Hong Gwangsik , Kim Mi Eun , Lee Jun Sik , Kim Ja-Yeon , Kwon Min-Ki
Published: November 2024

Breathing is the process of exchanging gases between the human body and the surrounding environment. It plays a vital role in maintaining human health, sustaining life, and supporting various bodily functions. Unfortunately, current methods for monitoring respiration are impractical for medical applications because of their high costs and need for bulky equipment. When measuring changes in moisture during respiration, we observed a slow response time for 2D nanomaterial-based resistance measurement methods used in respiration sensors. Through thermal annealing, the crystal structure of MoS2 is transformed from 1T@2H to 2H, allowing the measurement of respiration at more than 30 cycles per minute and enabling analysis of the response. This study highlights the potential of two-dimensional nanomaterials for the development of low-cost and highly sensitive humidity and respiration sensors for various applications.
Exploring Consumer Understanding and Perceptions of Front-of-Pack Labelling of Foods and Non-Alcoholic Beverages in Kenya
Authors: Kirui Caliph , Asiki Gershim , Ojiambo Veronica , Karugu Caroline H. , Mohamed Shukri F.
Published: November 2024

Background: Front-of-package labeling (FOPL) is shown to support healthier consumer choices. Many countries have adopted different FOPL systems. Objective: This study explored perceptions and understanding of three FOPLs and identified features that could enhance their effectiveness in Kenya. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted across four Kenyan counties—Nairobi, Mombasa, Garissa, and Kisumu. Data from 12 focus group discussions with 137 adults of diverse socio-demographic backgrounds were analysed. Participants evaluated three FOPLs: Red and Green (RG) Octagon, Red and Green Octagon with icons and text (RGI), and Black Octagon Warning Label (WL). The FGDs assessed visibility and memorability, comprehension, potential effectiveness, and cultural relevance of each label. NVivo version 14.0 was used for thematic analysis. Results: Kenyan consumers had mixed perceptions of the proposed FOPLs. The black Octagon WL was found to be the most visible and memorable due to its bright colours. Although the RG and RGI symbols were visually engaging, some participants reported confusion with the colour meanings. The WL was also more readily understood due to its text. Overall, WL was preferred for its potential to influence purchasing decisions, while all three FOPLs were considered culturally suitable. Conclusions: The Black Octagon Warning Label was the most visible and comprehensible of the three FOPLs and shows promise in influencing consumer behaviour in Kenya. While RG and RGI symbols are appealing, their colour scheme could reduce their effectiveness. Educating consumers on FOPLs could enhance their impact in reducing unhealthy food purchases.
Infections with Soil-Transmitted Helminths in BaAka Pygmies Inhabiting the Rain Forests in the Central African Republic
Authors: Wilczyńska Wanesa , Korzeniewski Krzysztof
Published: November 2024

Poor sanitation, improper food handling, limited access to safe drinking water sources, and limited access to healthcare services contribute to a high prevalence of infections caused by soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) among the BaAka Pygmies, an indigenous community living in Central Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the rates of STH infections in the BaAka people inhabiting the rain forests of the south-western parts of the Central African Republic (CAR) as well as to examine the validity of biannual deworming with a single dose of albendazole 400 mg in high-risk communities exposed to extreme environmental conditions. The study was conducted in August 2021 and involved a sample of 49 BaAka Pygmies inhabiting the rain forest of the Sangha-Mbaéré Prefecture, CAR. The study consisted of collecting single stool samples from each participant and examining the samples for intestinal parasites by light microscopy methods. The collected samples were fixed in SAF fixative and next transported from Africa to Europe, where they were analyzed by light microscopy using three different diagnostic methods (direct smear in Lugol’s solution, the Fülleborn’s flotation, the Kato–Katz thick smear) at the Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia, Poland. Microscopic examination found that 61.2% of the study group were infected with at least one helminthic species. The parasitological screening found invasions with four different species of nematodes, of which hookworm invasions were the most prevalent. The study results demonstrated that although the WHO-recommended mass deworming, which is provided to the BaAka Pygmies in healthcare centers set up on the premises of catholic missions, can effectively reduce the number of infections with soil-transmitted helminths, the prevalence of STH infections remains high in the region. The study findings suggest that in order to contain the spread of STHs in the local community, it will be necessary to implement additional preventive measures, apart from only conducting mass deworming programs.