bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of p16 (CDKN2A) polymorphisms with the development of HPV16‐related precancerous lesions and cervical cancer in the Greek population
Authors: Tsakogiannis Dimitris , Moschonas George D. , Bella Evangelia , Kyriakopoulou Zaharoula , Amoutzias Grigoris D. , Dimitriou Tilemachos G. , Kottaridi Christine , Markoulatos Panayotis
Published: November 2017

The tumor suppressor protein p16 plays a fundamental role in cell cycle regulation and exerts a protective effect against tumor growth. Two different polymorphisms at positions 540 and 580 at the 3′UTR of exon 3 of p16 gene are implicated in several types of cancer, while their role in cervical cancer development remains rather vague. In the present study, we investigated for the impact of p16 genotypes/haplotypes on patients' vulnerability to cervical disease and examined whether these factors can be used as progression markers in the Greek population. A total of 96 HPV16 positive samples and histologically confirmed as LSIL (42 samples), HSIL (44 samples), and cervical cancer cases (10 samples) along with 50 control cases were tested. The identification of p16 polymorphisms was performed by PCR‐RFLP methodology. The present analysis revealed that women with p16 540 CG/GG genotype are at a 2.7‐fold higher risk of developing HPV16‐associated HSIL (OR = 2.7, 95%CI: 1.01‐6.6, P = 0.028). The G allele can be regarded as a risk factor of developing HSIL in the Greek population (OR = 2.7, 95%CI: 1.2‐5.9, P = 0.012). Moreover, p16 polymorphism C580T is not associated with the growth of cervical lesion in Greek patients, while 540G/580C haplotype can be regarded as a risk haplotype of developing HSIL (OR = 3.67, 95%CI: 1.56‐8.6, P = 0.0019). Our results demonstrated that p16 C540G polymorphism influence patients' susceptibility to more severe dysplasia and consequently this polymorphism could potentially emerge as a valuable biomarker for HSIL development in the Greek population.
Apparent seronegative maternal shingles with post‐natal mother‐to‐baby transmission of varicella zoster virus
Authors: Pan Lin , Singh Nitesh , Cannon Ruth , Fawke Joe , Tang Julian W.
Published: November 2017

We present an unusual case of varicella zoster (VZ) virus IgG negative, yet clinically apparent, maternal shingles, which prompted the administration of VZ immunoglobulin to the newborn. The mother had no previous VZ vaccination. Eleven days later the baby developed a primary VZ infection, with only mild disease, likely as a result of the VZ immunoglobulin. The variable sensitivity of VZV IgG‐specific assays is well‐recognized. Thus, the ability of this particular VZV IgG assay to detect both maternal and infant VZV IgG, post‐natally, suggests that the earlier VZV IgG negative results were due to lower circulating levels of maternal antibody.
Differentiation of Ecuadorian National and CCN‐51 cocoa beans and their mixtures by computer vision
Authors: Jimenez Juan C , Amores Freddy M , Solórzano Eddyn G , Rodríguez Gladys A , La Mantia Alessandro , Blasi Paolo , Loor Rey G
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Ecuador exports two major types of cocoa beans, the highly regarded and lucrative National, known for its fine aroma, and the CCN‐51 clone type, used in bulk for mass chocolate products. In order to discourage exportation of National cocoa adulterated with CCN‐51, a fast and objective methodology for distinguishing between the two types of cocoa beans is needed.

RESULTS

This study reports a methodology based on computer vision, which makes it possible to recognize these beans and determine the percentage of their mixture. The methodology was challenged with 336 samples of National cocoa and 127 of CCN‐51. By excluding the samples with a low fermentation level and white beans, the model discriminated with a precision higher than 98%. The model was also able to identify and quantify adulterations in 75 export batches of National cocoa and separate out poorly fermented beans.

CONCLUSION

A scientifically reliable methodology able to discriminate between Ecuadorian National and CCN‐51 cocoa beans and their mixtures was successfully developed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Modification of pomological characteristics and flavour components of fruits and virgin olive oil following wastewater irrigation and soil tillage
Authors: Tekaya Meriem , Chehab Hechmi , Flamini Guido , Gharbi Ines , Mahjoub Zoubeir , Laamari Salwa , Chihaoui Badreddine , Boujnah Dalenda , Hammami Mohamed , Mechri Beligh
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

The experiment was carried out on olive trees cv. Chemlali, during two successive years (2013/2014). Two irrigation treatments (IT: Trees irrigated with wastewater; TRC: Trees grown under rainfed condition) were combined with two tillage practices (TTS: Trees grown in tilled soil; TNTS: Trees grown in non‐tilled soil).

RESULTS

The results of the study showed that wastewater irrigation combined with soil tillage improved the pomological characteristics of olive fruits. The tree yield increase was substantial for IT and TTS. However, most of the identified phenolic compounds, especially oleuropein, mainly accumulated in olive fruits of the TC block (TNTS + TRC), suggesting a marked improvement in the nutritional value of these fruits. Moreover, fruits of TNTS had high contents of sugar compounds, required for the synthesis of the fruit storage material. The study also showed that the agronomic practices affected the amounts of some aromatic compounds responsible for the distinctive flavour notes of olive oil.

CONCLUSION

Agronomic practices may affect considerably the commercial and nutritional values and the sensorial quality of the commodities. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of quality and origin of technical sucrose solutions on the inclusion of colourants into the sugar crystal matrix
Authors: Schlumbach Karl , Scharfe Maria , Flöter Eckhard
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Due to the liberalisation of the European sugar market the pressure to improve factory utilisation is growing. Currently, beet and cane as sucrose sources are produced in isolation, according to geography. Co‐production of sugar from beet and cane origin in one stream is a promising option. However, the knowledge base for production sugar is practically non‐existent. This paper is part of our contribution to this field and specifically addresses effects of raw material quality.

RESULTS

This framework formulated for the colouring of sugars crystallised from mixed syrups is also valid for different raw material qualities: raw cane sugars: colour values 1221 to 2505 IU, dextran levels 50 to 1200 mg kg−1; beet syrups: 1509 to 2058 IU. Co‐crystallisation is the main colour incorporation mechanism. Colour due to liquid inclusion increases strongly at cane inclusion levels in excess of 60%. The prediction of final sugar colour based on characteristics of pure mixture constituents is verified and indicates significant differences to current recommendations.

CONCLUSION

A first comprehensive description of the colour values in sugars produced from mixed cane and beet syrups is presented. Prediction of colour values from data on sugar colour of single sources marks a major contribution to future applications of co‐production. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Coating of optical fiber with a smart thermosensitive polymer for the separation of phthalate esters by solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Hashemi‐Moghaddam Hamid , Maddah Setayesh
Published: November 2017

A solid‐phase microextraction fiber was prepared by coating an optical fiber with a temperature‐sensitive polymer to determine phthalate esters. N‐Isopropylacrylamide and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide were used as the monomer and the cross linker, respectively. The fabricated fiber was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. During extraction, important factors such as extraction time, pH, temperature, and ionic strength were optimized. The fabricated fiber, which is firm, inexpensive, stable, and efficient, is a vital material used in solid‐phase microextraction. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curve was linear and in the range of 1–20 μg/L (r2 = 0.9747). The high extraction efficiency was obtained for phthalates with a detection limit of 0.12 μg/L. The fabricated fiber was successfully applied to the solid‐phase micro extraction of phthalates from water samples after its extraction, followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
Using uncertain preferential information from stakeholders to assess the acceptability of alternative forest management plans
Authors: Eyvindson Kyle , Öhman Karin , Nordström Eva‐Maria
Published: November 2017

In forest management planning, participatory planning processes are often encouraged as a means to acquire relevant information and to enhance the stakeholders' acceptability of alternative plans. This requires the aggregation of the stakeholders' preferences that can be done in a wide variety of manners. The aggregation process strives to reduce the information into a single set of preferences that simplifies the information and allows for the use of discrete decision support tools. Depending on how the preferences are aggregated, a wide range of plan rankings can emerge. Although this range of ranking complicates the issue of plan selection, it does highlight the uncertainty involved in aggregating stakeholder preferences. In this study, we suggest an alternative method of deriving rankings for a set of alternative management options. Our proposed method suggests treating acquired preferences as the uncertain elements of a stochastic programming problem and the results provide the decision maker with the acceptability probability for each plan. The method is illustrated with a case of pairwise comparisons from a set of stakeholders representing preferences from different interest groups in a community planning process.
Breakpoint mapping and haplotype analysis of translocation t(1;12)(q43;q21.1) in two apparently independent families with vascular phenotypes
Authors: Luukkonen Tiia Maria , Mehrjouy Mana M. , Pöyhönen Minna , Anttonen Anna‐Kaisa , Lahermo Päivi , Ellonen Pekka , Paulin Lars , Tommerup Niels , Palotie Aarno , Varilo Teppo
Published: November 2017

Background

The risk of serious congenital anomaly for de novo balanced translocations is estimated to be at least 6%. We identified two apparently independent families with a balanced t(1;12)(q43;q21.1) as an outcome of a “Systematic Survey of Balanced Chromosomal Rearrangements in Finns.” In the first family, carriers (n = 6) manifest with learning problems in childhood, and later with unexplained neurological symptoms (chronic headache, balance problems, tremor, fatigue) and cerebral infarctions in their 50s. In the second family, two carriers suffer from tetralogy of Fallot, one from transient ischemic attack and one from migraine. The translocation cosegregates with these vascular phenotypes and neurological symptoms.

Methods and Results

We narrowed down the breakpoint regions using mate pair sequencing. We observed conserved haplotypes around the breakpoints, pointing out that this translocation has arisen only once. The chromosome 1 breakpoint truncates a CHRM3 processed transcript, and is flanked by the 5′ end of CHRM3 and the 3′ end of RYR2. TRHDE, KCNC2, and ATXN7L3B flank the chromosome 12 breakpoint.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a balanced t(1;12)(q43;q21.1) with conserved haplotypes on the derived chromosomes. The translocation seems to result in vascular phenotype, with or without neurological symptoms, in at least two families. We suggest that the translocation influences the positional expression of CHRM3, RYR2, TRHDE, KCNC2, and/or ATXN7L3B.
Newborn genetic screening for spinal muscular atrophy in the UK: The views of the general population
Authors: Boardman Felicity K. , Sadler Chloe , Young Philip J.
Published: November 2017

Background

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder and a leading genetic cause of infant death worldwide. However, there is no routine screening program for SMA in the UK. Lack of treatments and the inability of screening tests to accurately predict disease severity are among the key reasons implementation of screening has faltered in the UK. With the recent release of the first therapy for SMA (Nusinersen), calls are being made for a reconsideration of this stance; however, very little is known about the views of the general public.

Methods

An online survey was administered to 232 individuals with no prior relationship with SMA to assess their attitudes toward a newborn screening program for it. Results are compared with previously gathered data on the views of SMA‐affected families toward screening.

Results

Eighty‐four percent of participants were in favor of newborn screening. Key reasons for support were a belief that it would lead to better healthcare and life expectancy for affected infants and facilitate informed decision‐making for future pregnancies. Key reasons for nonsupport were a belief in the potential for significant negative impact on the family unit in terms of bonding and stress.

Conclusions

Public acceptability is a key component in the evaluation of any potential screening program in the UK. This study demonstrates that newborn screening for SMA is viewed largely positively by people unfamiliar with the condition. The importance of early identification overrode all other social and ethical concerns about screening for the majority of participants.
Profile analysis of treatment effect changes in eating disorder indicators
Authors: Kim Se‐Kang , Annunziato Rachel A. , Olatunji Bunmi O.
Published: November 2017

We investigated differential treatment effects on specific eating disorder (ED) indicators to enhance conclusions about treatment efficacy. Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling, which identifies core profiles in a population and interprets person profiles with core profile information, was utilized to identify core profiles from a sample of 5,177 patients who were repeatedly measured with the ED inventory‐2 at admission and at discharge. To assess differential treatment effects for individual ED indicators, we compared the core profiles at admission with those at discharge. Three core profiles were identified and labeled as High Body Dissatisfaction with Low Bulimia (Core Profile 1), High Interoceptive Awareness with Low Body Dissatisfaction (Core Profile 2), and High Ineffectiveness with Low Bulimia (Core Profile 3). Treatment had the greatest effects on Core Profile 2. The patients whose profile patterns were similar to that of Core Profiles 1 and 2 were positively related with weight gain. However, treatment was least on Core Profile 3, and the patients whose profile patterns were like that of Core Profile 3 were negatively related with weight gain. In conclusion, those patients who fit Core Profile 3 may benefit from different treatment modalities than those that are standard in inpatient settings.
The moderating role of job resources in the relationship between job demands and interleukin‐6 in an Italian healthcare organization
Authors: Falco Alessandra , Dal Corso Laura , Girardi Damiano , De Carlo Alessandro , Comar Manola
Published: November 2017

In this study we examined the association between job demands (JD), job resources (JR), and serum levels of a possible biomarker of stress, the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). According to the buffer hypothesis of the Job Demands‐Resources (JD‐R) model, we expected that job resources—defined as job autonomy and social support from supervisor—might buffer the relationship between job demands, defined as emotional demands and interpersonal conflict with colleagues, and IL‐6. Data from 119 employees in an Italian public healthcare organization (acute care hospital) were analyzed using multiple regression. In predicting IL‐6, the interactions between emotional demands and JR and between interpersonal conflict with colleagues and job autonomy (but not social support) were significant, after controlling for the effect of age and gender. The association between JD and IL‐6 was stronger for individuals with low levels of JR, so that levels of IL‐6 were highest when JD were high and JR were low. Overall, these results are consistent with the buffer hypothesis of the JD‐R model and also extend previous research, showing that the exposure to stressful situations at work, measured as high JD and low JR, is associated with higher levels of IL‐6 in hospital employees.
Bio‐inspired method to fabricate poly‐dopamine/reduced graphene oxide composite membranes for dyes and heavy metal ion removal
Authors: Ma Jing , He Yi , Zeng Guangyong , Li Fei , Li Yubin , Xiao Jianfei , Yang Shuizhen
Published: November 2017

Due to the narrow layer spacing, graphene oxide (GO) composite membrane usually exhibits a relatively low water flux in the process of wastewater treatment. In this study, GO was reduced to reduced graphene oxide through a bio‐inspired method, which was functionalized modified by poly‐dopamine (PDA). Then a series of PDA/reduced graphene oxide sheet films were prepared by vacuum filtration on the surface of cellulose acetate membrane (under the pressure of −0.1 MPa). The result indicated that the novel membranes had an excellent stability owing to the cross‐link of PDA. In addition, the hydrophilicity of membrane was increased significantly after PDA modification, which presented a superior water flux than pure GO composite membrane. More importantly, as‐prepared membranes were successfully applied for the removal of dyes (including Congo red, methylene blue, and rhodamine B) and heavy mental ion (Cu(II)) from simulated wastewater. This work might provide a new method for preparation and application of GO composite membranes.
Quadruple‐shape‐memory effect of TPI/LDPE/HDPE composites
Authors: Xian Jiayu , Geng Jieting , Wang Yan , Xia Lin
Published: November 2017

Shape‐memory polymers are important smart materials with potential applications in smart textiles, medical devices, and sensors. We prepared trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) shape‐memory composites using a simple mechanical blend method. The mechanical, thermal, and shape‐memory properties of the composites were studied. Our results showed that the shape‐memory composites could memorize 3 temporary shapes, as revealed by the presence of broad melting transition peaks in the differential scanning calorimetry curves. In the trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene/LDPE/HDPE composites, the cross‐linked network and the crystallization of the LDPE and HDPE portions can serve as fixed domains, and all crystallizations can act as reversible domains. We proposed a schematic diagram to explain the vital role of the cross‐linked network and the crystallization in the shape‐memory process.
“Impact of drug‐reimbursement policies on prescribing: A case‐study of a newly marketed long‐acting injectable antipsychotic among relapsed schizophrenia patients”
Authors: Jackson John W. , Fulchino Lisa , Rogers James , Mogun Helen , Polinski Jennifer , Henderson David C. , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Fischer Michael A.
Published: November 2017

Objective

To quantify and explain variation in use of long‐acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) in the United States, and understand the relationship between patient characteristics, drug reimbursement policies, and LAI prescribing after relapse.

Methods

A cohort of recently relapsed patients with schizophrenia ages 18 to 64, were identified immediately after discharge from a related inpatient hospitalization, partial hospitalization, or emergency room visit, drawn from 2004 to 2006 Medicaid claims, and followed for 90 days until LAI initiation. Data on state‐level Medicaid prior authorization (PA) policies for LAIs were collected. Sequential longitudinal Poisson regression models were developed to understand the relationship between patient and PA policy variables and LAI prescribing, including prior adherence to oral antipsychotics, demographics, clinical variables, and presence of PA policy for LAI.

Results

Among 36 282 patients, 3.1% received risperidone LAI, and 3.8% received a first‐generation (FGA) LAI with wide variation across states. Prior adherence ranged from 29% to 89% but was marginally associated with initiation and did not explain variation for LAI prescribing. FGA initiation was associated with geography and race/ethnicity but not PA policy. For risperidone LAI initiation, demographics and clinical factors explained, respectively, 5.0% and 3.0% of the variation; PA policy had a large negative association with initiation (RR = 0.41; 95%CI 0.20–0.87) and explained 8.4% of the variation.

Conclusions

PA policies may represent a major treatment barrier for risperidone LAI among relapsed patients. Non‐adherence plays a little role in predicting which patients receive LAIs. Policy makers and health insurers will need to consider these findings when guiding the use of LAIs.

KEY POINTS

Among a nationwide cohort of relapsed schizophrenia patients enrolled in US Medicaid, 3.1% received Risperdal Consta, a long‐acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI), and 3.8% initiated a first‐generation first‐generation LAI within 90 days after discharge.

During 2004 to 2006, there was marked variation in 90 day post‐relapse initiation of Risperdal‐Consta—a newly marketed medication during this period—and also marked variation in 90 day post‐relapse initiation of any first‐generation LAI, which appeared to be associated with race/ethnicity and geography.

Prior authorization policies were associated with substantially lower initiation of Risperdal Consta in this cohort of relapsed patients even after accounting for clinical indication (non‐adherence), relapse history, demographics, adjunctive medication, and mental health service use.
Synthesis and application of a novel cardanol‐based plasticizer as secondary or main plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Chen Jie , Nie Xiaoan , Jiang Jianchun
Published: November 2017

A novel plasticizer based on cardanol, hydrogenated cardanol glycidyl ether acetic ester containing phosphaphenanthrene group (HCGEP), was prepared and incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) for the first time. The molecular structure was characterized with Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The thermal degradation behavior and flame retardant performance of PVC films with HCGEP as secondary or main plasticizer were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, combustion tests, limiting oxygen index tests and morphological analysis of residues. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of PVC films were examined based on the results of tensile testing. The results were compared to those of the petroleum‐based plasticizer dioctyl phthalate. With the substitution of dioctyl phthalate with HCGEP, PVC films exhibited high thermal stability and better flame retardant performance. The tensile test results showed that the addition of HCGEP could endow PVC resin with well‐balanced properties of flexibility, strength and hardness. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A combined experimental and theoretical study on p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene encapsulated 7‐methoxycoumarin
Authors: Ashwin Bosco Christin Maria Arputham , Herculin Arun Baby Arulanandu , Prakash Muthuramalingam , Hochlaf Majdi , Muthu Mareeswaran Paulpandian
Published: November 2017

Host‐guest interactions are essential in chemistry, biology, medicine and environmental science. In this combined experimental and theoretical contribution, the encapsulation of 7‐methoxycoumarin (herniarin, 7MC) with p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene (p‐SC4) is studied using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and computational approaches. The 1:1 stoichiometry is confirmed using Job's plot. Our results show that the keto group of 7MC is the main source for electrochemical conversion of this complex. The excited state 7MC radiative decay is studied using time‐correlated single photon counting technique. The computed UV‐Vis absorption spectra for this complex at gas phase and solvent are online with the experimental spectra. Moreover, we determined the binding energy and the binding constant of the 7MC‐p‐SC4 complex. Density functional theory computations revealed that stabilization of the complex formed by p‐SC4 and 7MC is due to weak noncovalent and dispersive types of interactions. A comparison with encapsulation of amino acids by p‐SC4 is also conducted. Finally, we show that the flexibility of p‐SC4 and the weak nature of its interaction with 7MC are on the origin of the reversibility of encapsulation, which is mandatory for applications such as drug delivery.
Pulmonary hypertension in the premature infant population: Analysis of echocardiographic findings and biomarkers
Authors: O'Connor Michael G. , Suthar Divya , Vera Kimberly , Slaughter James C. , Maitre Natalie L. , Steele Steven , Beller Amy , Fike Candice D. , Aschner Judy L. , Moore Paul E. , Austin Eric D.
Published: November 2017

Objective

Extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) are at risk for pulmonary hypertension (PH). We hypothesized that PH, defined by echocardiogram at 36 weeks gestational age (GA), would associate with respiratory morbidity, increased oxidant stress, and reduced nitric oxide production.

Study Design

ELGANs in the Vanderbilt fraction of the Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP) who had echocardiograms at 36 ± 1 weeks GA were studied. Echocardiogram features of PH were compared with clinical characteristics as well as markers of oxidant stress and components of the nitric oxide pathway. Biomarkers were obtained at enrollment (median day 3), 7, 14, and 28 days of life.

Results

Sixty of 172 infants had an echocardiogram at 36 weeks; 11 had evidence of PH. Infants did not differ by PH status in regards to demographics, respiratory morbidity, or oxidant stress. However, odds of more severe PH were significantly higher in infants with higher nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) at enrollment and with a lower citrulline level at day 7.

Conclusions

Respiratory morbidity may not always associate with PH at 36 weeks among ELGANs. However, components of nitric oxide metabolism are potential biologic markers of PH in need of further study.
Investigation of Silicon Quantum Dots Embedded in Boron‐Doped Silicon Oxide Thin Films Prepared by PECVD Applying Ar Dilution
Authors: Ma Denghao , Liu Jia , Zhang Weijia
Published: November 2017

In situ deposition method is adopted for preparing boron‐doped silicon oxide thin film containing silicon quantum dot at the relative low substrate temperature of 200 °C. Argon dilution is applied in the deposition process, and various characterizations have been carried out for systematically investigating the effect of Ar flow on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the samples. It is found that there is a phase transition from amorphous phase to crystalline phase as the Ar flow increases to 100 sccm. XPS results reveal that the O/Si atomic ratio declines with the increasing Ar flow whereas the B/Si atomic ratio shows an opposite varying tendency. By introducing moderate Ar flow, the B‐doping efficiency is improved due to the crystallization and the enhanced dissociation of B2H6. The maximum values of dark conductivity (1.64 S cm−1) and carrier concentration (2.6 × 1019 cm−3) were obtained at the Ar flow of 100 sccm. Furthermore, detailed discussion has been made to analyze the influence of Ar dilution on the properties of the B‐doped SiOx thin films.
Investigations on AlGaN‐Based Deep‐Ultraviolet Light‐Emitting Diodes With Si‐Doped Quantum Barriers of Different Doping Concentrations
Authors: Tian Kangkai , Chen Qian , Chu Chunshuang , Fang Mengqian , Li Luping , Zhang Yonghui , Bi Wengang , Chen Changqing , Zhang Zi‐Hui , Dai Jiangnan
Published: November 2017

In this work, we investigate the impact of Si doped AlGaN quantum barriers on the optical powers for [0001] oriented III‐nitride based deep‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes (DUV LEDs). The polarization‐induced electric field in the active region is screened as the result of Si‐doped quantum barriers, which gives rise to the improved spatial overlap between electron and hole wave functions. The polarization screening effect within the quantum wells is further proven by the observation of the blue shift for the wavelength. However, the hole distribution across the active region can be significantly retarded if the Si dosage in the quantum barriers is too high. Therefore, the improved radiative recombination within the active region can be realized provided that the Si dosage in the quantum barriers is moderately adjusted to guarantee both the better hole injection efficiency and the screened polarization effect in the multiple quantum wells.
Immunostimulatory effects of cordycepin‐enriched WIB‐801CE from Cordyceps militaris in splenocytes and cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppressed mice
Authors: Shin Ji‐Sun , Chung Soo‐Hak , Lee Woo‐Seok , Lee Je‐Young , Kim Jong‐Lae , Lee Kyung‐Tae
Published: November 2017

The medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris has been reported to possess anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. We investigated the immunostimulatory effects of culture supernatant of C. militaris (WIB‐801CE) by examining its in vitro enhancing effects on cell proliferation and cytokine releases in splenocytes and its in vivo effects on cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppressed mice. WIB‐801CE enhanced normal and methotrexate‐induced cell proliferation. WIB‐801CE significantly ameliorated interleukin (IL)‐2, interferon‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor‐α secretion in methotrexate‐induced splenocytes. Oral administration of WIB‐801CE effectively increased the cyclophosphamide‐suppressed splenocyte proliferation and natural killer cytotoxic activity. WIB‐801CE effectively recovered cyclophosphamide‐induced decreases in IL‐2, interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and IL‐10 level. The collective data implicate WIB‐801CE as a therapeutic candidate in ameliorating the immunosuppression through immunostimulatory properties.
Citrus essential oils inhalation by mice: Behavioral testing, GCMS plasma analysis, corticosterone, and melatonin levels evaluation
Authors: Wolffenbüttel Adriana Nunes , Zamboni Amanda , Becker Gabriela , dos Santos Maíra Kerpel , Borille Bruna Tassi , de Cássia Mariotti Kristiane , Fagundes Ana Claudia , de Oliveira Salomón Janaína Lucas , Coelho Vanessa Rodrigues , Ruiz Leire Virto , de Moura Linck Viviane , Dallegrave Eliane , Cano Pilar , Esquifino Ana Isabel , Leal Mirna Bainy , Limberger Renata Pereira
Published: November 2017

The use of orange essential oils (EOs) as a complementary treatment is very common in Brazilian popular culture. The levels of melatonin (MEL) and corticosterone (CORT) hormones were investigated simultaneously, by the Luminex™ immunoassay system in mice plasma, after Citrus aurantium and Citrus sinensis EOs inhalation for 30 min. The plasma was analyzed by headspace through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for investigation of the EO components. Mice were submitted to behavioral testing to research anxiolytic‐like, sedative, and antidepressant‐like effects. The inhalation of atmosphere obtained from vaporization of 10% solution of this Citrus EO separately did not affect MEL or CORT plasma levels; that is, the MEL and CORT levels did not present variation in function of the EO in the schedule used. On the other hand, the imipramine positive control used altered the level of MEL as expected. The EO constituents were detected in plasma at different ratios that is present in inhaled EO. Behavioral tests showed that the inhalation of 10% C. sinensis EO presents an anxiolytic‐like and sedative effect. Thus, C. sinensis EO can be a valuable tool for treatment of the anxiety disturbs, apparently without interference with MEL and CORT physiological levels.
A pilot pharmacokinetic study of miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol on rabbit sera using polyclonal antibody‐based icELISA analysis
Authors: Kitisripanya Tharita , Udomsin Orapin , Komaikul Jukrapun , Inyai Chadathorn , Limsuwanchote Supattra , Yusakul Gorawit , Putalun Waraporn
Published: November 2017

Miroestrol (ME) and deoxymiroestrol (DME) are the most potent phytoestrogens and bioactive markers in Pueraria candollei var. mirifica tuberous roots. To understand their pharmacokinetic profiles, a pharmacokinetic study of ME and DME, at 0.43 and 0.21 mg per kg body weight, respectively, in three rabbits was performed after orally administering a single dose of P. candollei var. mirifica enriched fraction extract. Two established polyclonal antibody‐based indirect competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were validated to determine ME and DME in rabbit sera. In rabbits, the area under the 0‐ to 48‐hr concentration‐time curve of ME and DME were 854.92 and 1,692.84 ng·h/ml, respectively. The maximum concentration of ME was measured 1 hr after administration as 69.62 ± 8.28 ng/ml, and the maximum concentration of DME was measured at 3 hr as 81.8 ± 5.43 ng/ml. These results provide an initial approach for designing and studying the relationship between the ME and DME levels and their therapeutic effects based on their pharmacokinetic profiles.
Estimating the displacement in precipitation forecasts using the Fractions Skill Score
Authors: Skok Gregor , Roberts Nigel
Published: November 2017

The Fractions Skill Score (FSS) is a popular spatial verification metric commonly used for precipitation verification. In this study we focus on analysing the ability of FSS to provide meaningful information about the displacement between precipitation in one field compared to another. A simple overlap‐adjusted use of the FSS is introduced and a number of relevant idealized cases are analysed that show that the FSS can indeed be used to determine displacement in a meaningful way. It was found that the displacement provided by the FSS is directly related to the true displacements of precipitation but with larger contiguous precipitation objects having a much larger influence. Overall, the displacement provided via the FSS compares well with the average distance to the closest neighbouring precipitation object (assuming the objects are of similar size). It is recommended that the user should use a frequency (percentile) threshold when focussing on spatial differences unless biases are known to be small and adopt the overlap‐adjusted variant of the FSS displacement. If the frequency bias is very large the FSS‐derived displacements become less reliable. The same is true of any spatial comparison. A recipe for the use of the FSS for determining displacements is provided.
Approximate prediction intervals in the original units when fitting models using data transformations
Authors: Perry Marcus B.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we consider prediction interval estimation in the original units of observation after fitting a linear model to an appropriately transformed response variable. We assume that the residuals obtained from fitting the linear model in the transformed space areiidzero‐mean normal random variables, at least approximately. We discuss the bias in the retransformed mean and derive a reduced‐bias estimator for thekthmoment of the original response, given settings of the design variables. This is then used to compute reduced‐bias estimates for the mean and variance of theuntransformedresponse at various locations in design space. We then exploit a well‐known probability inequality, along with our proposed moment estimator, to construct an approximate 100(1−α)%prediction interval on the original response, given settings of the design factors. We used Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the performance of the proposed prediction interval estimator relative to 2 commonly used alternatives. Our results suggest the proposed method is often the better alternative when the sample size is small and/or when the underlying model is misspecified. We illustrate the application of our new method by applying it to a real experimental data set obtained from the literature, where machine tool life was studied as a function of various machining parameters.
Characterization of the interfacial structure and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in CoFeB‐MgO structures with different buffer layers
Authors: Shi Hui , Li Minghua , Fang Shuai , Zhou Wenhao , Yang Chen , Jiang Yiqun , Wang Dongwei , Yu Guanghua
Published: November 2017

In this study, we describe the deposition of Hf and Mo metal layers individually on Ta to compose new buffer layers, ie, Ta/Hf and Ta/Mo, where CoFeB/MgO stacks are deposited using magnetron sputtering. The synthesised Ta/Hf buffer has higher surface roughness, while the Ta/Mo buffer has lower surface roughness as compared with the Ta buffer. The surface roughness of the buffer appears to influence the interface of the subsequently deposited layers, resulting in rougher or smoother CoFeB/MgO interfaces. Additionally, we present a report on the magnetic properties of Ta, Ta/Hf, and Ta/Mo buffer samples. As the annealing temperature is below 200 °C, the saturation magnetisation (Ms) values for all buffer layers increase at similar rates, whereas the effective magnetic anisotropy energy (Keff) values increase at varying rates. After annealing at 350 °C, Keff reaches its maximum value for Ta/Hf and Ta/Mo buffer layers, whereas the CoFeB/MgO interface width decreases to a minimum value. The width increases as the annealing temperature is increased over 350 °C, and Keff gradually decreases with increase in the annealing temperature. The CoFeB/MgO interface width is primarily dependent on the buffer/CoFeB interface width, which is a critical parameter to obtain high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and high‐quality films. This work provides perspectives for understanding and controlling PMA from the viewpoint of interfacial structure.
Tungsten and nitrogen co‐doped TiO2 nanobelts with significant visible light photoactivity
Authors: Chen Hongjian , Wang Longxuan , Guan Lixiu , Ren Hui , Zhang Yingxin , Tao Junguang
Published: November 2017

Tungsten and nitrogen co‐doped TiO2 nanobelts (W/N‐TNBs) have been successfully synthesized via 1‐step hydrothermal method. The structure, morphology, and composition of prepared samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The prominent phase of all as‐prepared samples is anatase crystal. For samples with N doping, new energy states can be introduced on top of O 2p states which reduced the band gap by 1.1 eV. The reduced band gap leads to efficient visible light activity. The 3%‐W/N‐TNBs were found to exhibit the highest activity. The photocatalytic performance of 3%‐W/N‐TNBs under visible light is about 4.8 times than that of pure TiO2 nanobelts, which emphasizes the synergistic effect of W and N co‐doping for effectively inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. In addition, our results testify the different redox potentials of the photoelectrons at different final states.
A Novel Microdevice for Rapid Neutrophil Purification and Phenotyping in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tay Hui Min , Dalan Rinkoo , Li King Ho Holden , Boehm Bernhard O. , Hou Han Wei
Published: November 2017

Neutrophil dysfunction is strongly linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathophysiology, but the prognostic potential of neutrophil biomarkers remains largely unexplored due to arduous leukocyte isolation methods. Herein, a novel integrated microdevice is reported for single‐step neutrophil sorting and phenotyping (chemotaxis and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis)) using small blood volumes (fingerprick). Untouched neutrophils are purified on‐chip from whole blood directly using biomimetic cell margination and affinity‐based capture, and are exposed to preloaded chemoattractant or NETosis stimulant to initiate chemotaxis or NETosis, respectively. Device performance is first characterized using healthy and in vitro inflamed blood samples (tumor necrosis factor alpha, high glucose), followed by clinical risk stratification in a cohort of subjects with T2DM. Interestingly, “high‐risk” T2DM patients characterized by severe chemotaxis impairment reveal significantly higher C‐reactive protein levels and poor lipid metabolism characteristics as compared to “low‐risk” subjects, and their neutrophil chemotaxis responses can be mitigated after in vitro metformin treatment. Overall, this unique and user‐friendly microfluidics immune health profiling strategy can significantly aid the quantification of chemotaxis and NETosis in clinical settings, and be further translated into a tool for risk stratification and precision medicine methods in subjects with metabolic diseases such as T2DM.
Better by bus? Insights into public transport travel behaviour during Storm Doris in Reading, UK
Authors: Budnitz Hannah , Chapman Lee , Tranos Emmanouil
Published: November 2017

This case study uses datasets from Reading Buses’ electronic ticketing system to gain insights into the reactions of public transport passengers to the disruption to bus and rail services in Reading, UK during Storm Doris on 23 February 2017. The analysis generally supports previous research findings that there are fewer public transport trips in adverse weather conditions. However, an increase in bus trips on services parallel to the more severely disrupted train services suggests that some travellers respond flexibly by using the bus as an alternative, more resilient mode.
Older adults and hackathons: a qualitative study
Authors: Kopeć Wiesław , Balcerzak Bartłomiej , Nielek Radosław , Kowalik Grzegorz , Wierzbicki Adam , Casati Fabio
Published: November 2017

Globally observed trends in aging indicate that older adults constitute a growing share of the population and an increasing demographic in the modern technologies marketplace. Therefore, it has become important to address the issue of participation of older adults in the process of developing solutions suitable for their group. In this study, we approached this topic by organizing a hackathon involving teams of young programmers and older adults participants. Below we describe a case study of that hackathon, in which our objective was to motivate older adults to participate in software engineering processes. Based on our results from an array of qualitative methods, we propose a set of good practices that may lead to improved older adult participation in similar events and an improved process of developing apps that target older adults.
Perceptions of busyness in the emergency department: an opportunity to address a training gap through competency based education
Authors: Bandiera Glen , Pardhan Kaif
Published: November 2017

None
Transcription regulation by DNA methylation under stressful conditions in human cancer
Authors: Cao Sha , Zhou Yi , Wu Yue , Song Tianci , Alsaihati Burair , Xu Ying
Published: November 2017

Background

We aim to address one question: do cancer vs. normal tissue cells execute their transcription regulation essentially the same or differently, and why?

Methods

We utilized an integrated computational study of cancer epigenomes and transcriptomes of 10 cancer types, by using penalized linear regression models to evaluate the regulatory effects of DNA methylations on gene expressions.

Results

Our main discoveries are: (i) 56 genes have their expressions consistently regulated by DNA methylation specifically in cancer, which enrich pathways associated with micro‐environmental stresses and responses, particularly oxidative stress; (ii) the level of involvement by DNA methylation in transcription regulation increases as a cancer advances for majority of the cancer types examined; (iii) transcription regulation in cancer vs. control tissue cells are substantially different, with the former being largely done through direct DNA methylation and the latter mainly done via transcriptional factors; (iv) the altered DNA methylation landscapes in cancer vs. control are predominantly accomplished by DNMT1, TET3 and CBX2, which are predicted to be the result of persistent stresses present in the intracellular and micro‐environments of cancer cells, which is consistent with the general understanding about epigenomic functions.

Conclusions

Our integrative analyses discovered that a large class of genes is regulated via direct DNA methylation of the genes in cancer, comparing to TFs in normal cells. Such genes fall into a few stress and response pathways. As a cancer advances, the level of involvement by direct DNA methylation in transcription regulation increases for majority of the cancer types examined.
Friction characteristics of mechanically exfoliated and CVD-grown single-layer MoS2
Authors: Ky Dinh Le Cao , Tran Khac Bien-Cuong , Le Chinh Tam , Kim Yong Soo , Chung Koo-Hyun
Published: November 2017

In this work, the friction characteristics of single-layer MoS2 prepared with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at three different temperatures were quantitatively investigated and compared to those of single-layer MoS2 prepared using mechanical exfoliation. The surface and crystalline qualities of the MoS2 specimens were characterized using an optical microscope, atomic force microscope (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy. The surfaces of the MoS2 specimens were generally flat and smooth. However, the Raman data showed that the crystalline qualities of CVD-grown single-layer MoS2 at 800 °C and 850 °C were relatively similar to those of mechanically exfoliated MoS2 whereas the crystalline quality of the CVD-grown single-layer MoS2 at 900 °C was lower. The CVD-grown single-layer MoS2 exhibited higher friction than mechanically exfoliated single-layer MoS2, which might be related to the crystalline imperfections in the CVD-grown MoS2. In addition, the friction of CVD-grown single-layer MoS2 increased as the CVD growth temperature increased. In terms of tribological properties, 800 °C was the optimal temperature for the CVD process used in this work. Furthermore, it was observed that the friction at the grain boundary was significantly larger than that at the grain, potentially due to defects at the grain boundary. This result indicates that the temperature used during CVD should be optimized considering the grain size to achieve low friction characteristics. The outcomes of this work will be useful for understanding the intrinsic friction characteristics of single-layer MoS2 and elucidating the feasibility of single-layer MoS2 as protective or lubricant layers for micro- and nano-devices.
Integrating sex and gender into neurodegeneration research: A six‐component strategy
Authors: Tierney Mary C. , Curtis Ashley F. , Chertkow Howard , Rylett R. Jane
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Despite important sex differences, there remains a paucity of studies examining sex and gender differences in neurodegeneration. The Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA), a national network of researchers, provides an ideal platform to incorporate sex and gender.

Methods

CCNA's Women, Gender, Sex and Dementia program developed and implemented a six‐component strategy involving executive oversight, training, research collaboration, progress report assessment, results dissemination, and ongoing manuscript review. The inclusion of sex and gender in current and planned CCNA projects was examined in two progress reporting periods in 2016.

Results

Sex and gender research productivity increased substantially for both preclinical (36%–45%) and human (56%–60%) cohorts. The main barrier was lack of funding.

Discussion

The Women, Gender, Sex and Dementia strategy resulted in a major increase of sex and gender into research on neurodegenerative disorders. This best practice model could be utilized by a wide variety of large multidisciplinary groups.