bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer in Daily Clinical Practice
Authors: Giuliani Jacopo , Piacentini Paolo , Bonetti Andrea
Published: October 2015

Purpose

The aim of this outcome study was to evaluate the management of advanced pancreatic cancer in a real-world clinical practice; few such experiences have been reported in the literature.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed of all consecutive patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma followed at our medical oncology unit between January 2003 and December 2013.

Results

We evaluated 78 patients, mostly with metastatic disease (64.1%). Median follow-up was 10.77 months, by which time 74 patients (94.9%) had died. Median overall survival was 8.29 months. Median age was 67 years. In univariate analysis, pain at onset (p = 0.020), ECOG performance status (p<0.001), stage (p = 0.047), first-line chemotherapy (p<0.001), second-line chemotherapy (p<0.001) and weight loss at diagnosis (p = 0.029) were factors that had an impact on overall survival. In multivariate analysis, the presence of pain at onset (p = 0.043), stage (p = 0.003) and second-line chemotherapy (p = 0.004) were confirmed as independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions

Our data, derived from daily clinical practice, confirmed advanced pancreatic cancer as an aggressive malignant disease with a very short expected survival. Second-line treatment seems to provide an advantage in terms of overall survival in patients who showed a partial response as their best response to first-line treatment.
Mass-Forming Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in Multiple Myeloma: 18F-FDG PET/CT is useful in Excluding Extramedullary Myeloma Involvement
Authors: Seo Minjung , Kim Hawk , Jo Jae-Cheol , Choi Yunsuk , Cha Hee Jeong , Lim Ji-Hun , Park Seol Hoon
Published: October 2015

Aims and background

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), a benign condition, is usually observed in patients with hematologic disorders. We report the first case of mass-forming EMH detected on a 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan in a patient with multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods

A 58-year-old woman underwent workup for bicytopenia, and was diagnosed with MM based on the results of bone marrow aspiration and serum protein electrophoresis. An 18F-FDG PET/CT scan revealed a paravertebral mass with mild FDG avidity, suggesting a tumorous condition.

Results

Biopsy was performed to exclude malignancy and the mass was eventually confirmed as EMH.

Conclusions

Differential diagnosis of a mildly FDG-avid paravertebral mass in MM should include EMH.
Syphilis or Cancer? A Urological Challenge
Authors: Morlacco Alessandro , De Gobbi Alberto , Dal Moro Fabrizio , Zattoni Filiberto
Published: October 2015

A 31-year-old male carne to our clinic for suspicious testicular masses. Frozen-section examination of an excisional biopsy revealed inflammatory tissue, so we did not perform orchifuniclectomy. Definitive hystopatology revealed mio-fibroblastic nodules, which were considered consistent with testicular localization of luetic lesions. The patient was tested for syphilis and was found to be positive. HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) tests were negative. He underwent antibiotic treatment and is doing well.
Factors Influencing Young Urologists’ Productivity and Academic Career Choice
Authors: Resorlu Berkan , Silay Mesrur Selcuk , Onem Kadir , Bayrak Omer , Sonbahar Adil Emrah , Acar Omer , Ergun Osman , Celik Orcun , Tefik Tzevat , Firdolas Fatih , Tandogdu Zafer
Published: October 2015

Objective

The objective of this study is to identify the variables that affect young urologists’ productivity and academic career choice.

Patients and Methods

We have conducted an internet-based national survey for urologists randomly sampled from the database of Turkish Urological Association and 110 physicians completed this survey. Participants were asked to answer three-page questionnaire including 37 questions, which takes around 5 min to complete. Questionnaire was consisting of four main sections: ‘demography’, ‘education’, ‘working conditions’ and ‘quality of life’.

Results

Increased dedicated research time, being interested in an academic career, being Fellow of the European Board of Urology (FEBU), having English proficiency, and greater numbers of manuscript publication during residency were associated with increased productivity after residency (p = 0.001, p = 0.028, p = 0.046, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The remaining variables including age at marriage, age at having a child, monthly salary, length of residency, having a mentor or role model during residency showed no significant relationship with manuscript publications. Twenty-nine physicians (26.4%) stated that they had once been interested in their residency but were no longer interested in academic urology. Reasons for this loss of academic interest included lack of effective mentor or role model (27.2%), bureaucracy (17%), financial issues (13.6%), mandatory rule to work in public hospitals (18.2%) or military hospitals (9%) and language problems (21.6%).

Conclusions

Our data indicate that increased time spent for research, being interested in an academic career, being an FEBU, having English proficiency, and greater publication during residency were associated with increased numbers of publications and academic career choice.
Chronic, Nonspecific, Postinfectious, Retroperitoneal Fibrosis and Ureteral Obstruction
Authors: Territo Angelo , Micali Salvatore , Manenti Antonio , Martorana Eugenio , Pirola Giacomo Maria , Bianchi Giampaolo
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Two cases of severe ureteral obstruction following nonspecific, postinfectious, chronic retroperitoneal fibrosis are described, which both originated by a primitive intestinal pathology.

Patients

This complication was observed in two women: first, 65 years old, submitted for ulcerative colitis to a total proctocolectomy, with ileo-pouch-anal anastomosis, complicated by an anastomotic fistula; and second, 66 years old, operated with an extended left hemicolectomy, for an adenocarcinoma of the recto-sigmoid colon complicated with a vaginal fistula. In these cases, computerized tomography demonstrated a unilateral hydronephrosis, secondary to a complete obstruction of the ureter; a subsequent nephro-ureterectomy became necessary. Histology demonstrated nonspecific inflammatory lesions.

Discussions

Postinfectious, chronic inflammation of the retroperitoneum acts on the ureteral and peri-ureteral tissues, inducing an inflammatory and then a fibrotic process.

Conclusions

We underline the opportunity of a precocious and radical treatment of every retroperitoneal infection.
‘Cupid and Psyche’: A Novel Technique for Robotic Hysterosacropexy in the Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Dal Moro Fabrizio , Calpista Arturo , Mancini Mariangela
Published: October 2015

Purpose

The purpose of any surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is to restore pelvic anatomy, preserving urinary, intestinal and sexual functions while avoiding complications. We present a novel robotic approach to hysterosacropexy (HSP) in the treatment of POP.

Methods

In our technique (named ‘Cupid and Psyche’, recalling as it does the famous sculpture by Canova), the two branches of the MESH encircle the uterus from behind, lifting and supporting it. The aim of this technique is to resolve POP, minimizing the risk of vaginal erosion: the posterior ‘embrace’ of the uterus limits the direct contact of the mesh with the vagina, thus reducing any risk of erosion/extrusion at this level. We performed 10 cases of robotic HSP.

Results

All procedures are completed robotically. Median operative time (skin-to-skin) is 125 min [interquartile range (IQR) 85-145], including port placement, robot docking and console time. We have never had any cases of intraoperative or postoperative complications. With regard to short-term follow-up, analysis of outcomes is limited; in any case, we have never had any cases of MESH erosion or other complications, and no sexually active woman complained of dyspareunia.

Conclusions

Maintaining sufficient motility of the vagina is another advantage of ‘Cupid and Psyche’, avoiding as it does any negative effects on patients’ later sexual activity, granting more natural motility of both uterus and vagina but resolving the prolapse. Further prospective studies comparing the long-term functional outcomes of the various HSP techniques are needed to confirm these findings.
Role of Multiparametric MRI in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Update
Authors: Rosi Giovanni , Indino Elena Lucia , Salvo Vincenzo , Colarieti Anna , Fierro Davide , Scialpi Michele , Panebianco Valeria
Published: October 2015

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy of the male gender. The role of magnetic resonance imaging has evolved very rapidly over the years to be currently recognized as a fundamental tool in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of prostate cancer.
The Robotic Surgeon Training
Authors: Crestani Alessandro , Rossanese Marta , Abbinante Maria , Calandriello Mattia , Kungulli Afrovita , Giannarini Gianluca , Ficarra Vincenzo
Published: October 2015

The widespread robotic surgery in the world highlighted the relevance of the training programs for young urologists and residents. In the last years, urologic societies and some independent robotic surgeons strongly worked to standardize some general and specific training modules. Theoretical and practical sections of robotic training programs have been recently specified. The role of simulators, dry and wet laboratories, bedside assistance, and modular (step-by-step) training at console represent the most relevant elements of robotic surgeon training. Ideally, these didactic tools should be available in modern training centers. The development of structured robotic training programs should be considered as one of the priorities that the urologic community must take into account in the near future.
Robotic Surgery in Urology: The Italian Contribution
Authors: Porpiglia Francesco , Bertolo Riccardo
Published: October 2015

The introduction of robotic technology has given a major boost to the urologic surgery by expanding the indications of minimally-invasive surgery.

The Italian urological community has played a major role in this revolution, by contributing to the development and dissemination of technological innovation in urology, with several key publications stemming from this research. The most important revolution has been observed in radical prostatectomy, with robotic technology allowing to achieve better functional results. Nephron-sparing surgery has also been expanded, and leading Italian centers are being involved in international research groups focused on these topics.

Major impact has been observed for pyeloplasty, where Italy has been a leader in the field with the introduction of robot-assisted single-site technique.

In summary, the advent of robotics has improved collaborations between Italy and other Countries, with increased scientific activity, continuous improvement of surgical techniques and effective training of young urologists.
The Added Value of Robotic Surgery
Authors: Buffi Nicolò Maria , Lughezzani Giovanni , Lazzeri Massimo , Casale Paolo , Fiorini Girolamo , Hurle Rodolfo , Taverna Gian Luigi , Guazzoni Giorgio
Published: October 2015

Robotic surgery has recently emerged as a feasible alternative to open and laparoscopic procedures for the treatment of many urological diseases. The use of robotics allows the surgeon to overcome the limitations of standard laparoscopy while maintaining the advantages of a minimally invasive approach. Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy is the most frequent surgery performed robotically, resulting in better functional outcomes and comparable oncological results with respect to open surgery. Given its advantages, the indications for robotic surgery have progressively extended to different fields, and there is increasing evidence for its effectiveness in high-risk prostate cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and adrenal disease. Based on the available evidence in the literature, robotic surgery should be considered a viable option for the treatment of many urological conditions, with the final aim of optimizing patients’ outcomes.
Nieuw fiscaal procesrecht op de Caribische eilanden
Authors: Barmentlo D.G. , Jongmans B.
Published: October 2015

Nieuw fiscaal procesrecht op de Caribische eilanden: something old, something new

In de Caribische delen van het Koninkrijk overzee wordt in 2015, tien jaar na de invoering in Nederland, de tweede feitelijke instantie in belastingzaken ingevoerd. Daarmee wordt ook de mogelijkheid van cassatie bij de Hoge Raad der Nederlanden geopend. Op Aruba bestaat hoger beroep sinds 1 januari 2015. Per 30 juni 2015 hebben Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba (de BES-eilanden) zich aangesloten bij de ‘Arubaanse regeling’. De verwachting is dat ook Curaçao en Sint Maarten snel, waarschijnlijk in 2015, zullen volgen. Cassatie bij de Hoge Raad is mogelijk zodra alle eilanden hoger beroep hebben ingevoerd.
Making Access to Government Data Work
Authors: Van Eechoud Mireille
Published: October 2015

The EU Directive on Re-use of Public Sector Information of 2013 (the PSI Directive) is a key instrument for open data policies at all levels of government in Member States. It sets out a general framework for the conditions governing the right to re-use information resources held by public sector bodies. It includes provisions on non-discrimination, transparent licensing and the like. However, what the PSI Directive does not do is give businesses, civil society or citizens an actual claim to access. Access is of course a prerequisite to (re)use. It is largely a matter for individual Member States to regulate what information is in the public record. This article explores what the options for the EC are to promote alignment of rights to information and re-use policy. It also flags a number of important data protection problems that have not been given serious enough consideration, but have the potential to paralyze open data policies.
Digitisation, Cultural Institutions and Intellectual Property
Authors: Polčák Radim
Published: October 2015

Digitisation of cultural content represents one of most challenging problems of contemporary IP law. Cultural artefacts, let it be books, paintings or 3D objects, are often very old, so there are no issues in copyright protection of their content. However, the public availability of such content is in these cases strongly limited namely due to physical conditions of the carriers and subsequent conservation demands.Digitisation might serve here as powerful enabler of re-use of these works that are frequently of enormous cultural value. On the other hand, getting useful (and re-usable) digital images of 2D or 3D cultural objects means to invest into advanced technologies that are able to capture the respective content while protecting its fragile carriers from physical damage or destruction. Consequently, there is a need for business models that can motivate investors by offering them valuable consideration for such efforts.Recently, such business models are based namely on exclusive agreements between digitisers and cultural institutions that, together with specific copyright protection of digitised images in some jurisdictions, create new form of legal barriers to re-use of even very old cultural content. The paper critically discusses these new restrictive legal instruments namely in the light of the revised PSI re-use directive.
Philosophy as an Ethical Project
Authors: Guseynov Abdusalam A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

Philosophy is often understood in terms of public benefit as being synonymous with its application to other domains of public life such as politics, economics, education etc. The question I would like to raise is of an altogether different nature—namely, it is the question of whether philosophy can be seen as having any public or social value per se, before there is any further thought of application or usage. In particular, it is the question of whether it contains anything universally significant, something that could make it of interest to anyone as seen in the context of one’s personal evolution. And in order to answer that question, first we have to find out what philosophy is to the philosophers themselves and how it benefits them.
The Relevance of Aristotle’s Philosophy Today
Authors: Berti Enrico ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

The relevance of Aristotle’s philosophy today is the survival of many Aristotelian concepts, definitions, distinctions, in the culture of many countries. In some cases, e. g. in the fields of logic and of metaphysics, the Aristotelian concepts survive as useful instruments for reasoning, like the concepts of category, contrariety, contradiction, or the distinctions between matter and form and between potency and act. But in other fields, like biology and psychology, some Aristotelian doctrines serve equally as examples of conceptual innovations, as was recognised by the biologist Max Delbrück about the discovery of DNA and by Anthony Kenny about the discussion of the “Mind-Body Problem.” Even in the fields of ethics and of politics, the revival of the practical philosophy of Aristotle has been an occasion for developing new models of social life and organisation of society, as is shown by philosophers like Alasdair MacIntyre and Martha C. Nussbaum, and by economists like Amartya Sen.
Aristotle on Scholê and Nous as a Way of Life
Authors: Kalimtzis Kostas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

My paper is an inquiry into the political significance of Aristotle’s concept of scholê, a word usually translated as ‘leisure.’ The words ‘school’ and ‘scholar’ are derived from scholê, which indicates a richness of meanings that go far beyond anything suggested by the word “leisure.”Perhaps taking up the subject as a political issue seems untimely during this troubled period of economic crisis. And yet, if seen from the perspective in which it was first raised, that is as a response to the question put forth by Socrates—‘what type of life is worth living?’—then inquiry into its nature may help us entertain the possibility that our economic and social ills have arisen from wrong answers that we have given to the Socratic question.Before examining Aristotle’s thoughts on leisure, I will first briefly turn to Plato’s concept of scholê so as to economically bring to the fore the difficulties involved when leisure is projected unto an entire republic as an overarching aim of public life.
Philosophical Eros
Authors: Critchley Simon ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

This paper, originally read on the site of Plato’s dialogue Phaedrus, attempts to show how the two seemingly distinct themes of this dialogue, eros and rhetoric, are really one. Socrates there employs rhetoric, in which his decent but somewhat dull interlocutor, Phaedrus, takes great pleasure, in order to persuade the latter to assume philosophical eros, inclining his soul to truth. This aim contrasts vividly with the nihilistic one pursued by the greatest of the Sophist rhetoricians, Gorgias. Ultimately, philosophical eros conduces to intimations of immortality. This could be demonstrated, if more time were available, by exploring certain works of contemporary literature and philosophy; for example, in his Totality and Infinity, Emmanuel Levinas cites the Phaedrus more frequently than any other text.
Eros
Authors: Dragona-Monachou Myrto ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

In this paper, I discuss the Stoic views on eros in general and “Eros as a god of the Stoic cosmopolis” in particular. In the first part I present the works on Eros written by the Early Stoics; I discuss the fragmentary evidence about their views focusing on Zeno, the founder of the Stoic School. I point out how puzzling most Stoic views appeared to the opposing schools whose members did not hesitate to ascribe many scandalous and shameful views to them, though the Stoic view on eros is not very different from the pedagogical one defended by Socrates as presented in the works of Plato, Xenophon, Aeschines of Sphettus and others. In the second part I focus on a single piece of information attested by Athenaeus, according to which Zeno in his Republic, a work written as an answer to Plato’s Republic, took “Eros who brings about friendship, freedom, and concord, to be the god of the city” (SVF I 263). This statement has been interpreted in various ways by eminent scholars, some of whose views I present in brief. In the third and last part, based on the testimony that the Stoics wanted to be called “Socratics,” I argue that Zeno proved himself a genuine Socratic, taking into account not only the Platonic Socrates’s view of eros, but also that of Xenophon, to whom Zeno’s philosophical education can be traced back. I also tend to believe that Zeno’s Republic is not a case of a conventional city, but that of the famous Stoic cosmopolis governed by the law of nature in a spirit of friendship, concord and freedom.
Ironic Eros: Notes on a Fantastic Pregnancy
Authors: Lear Jonathan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

This paper is an investigation of Plato’s thought that the disruptive force of Eros can lead us in a good direction. It takes seriously Diotima’s teaching to Socrates that the erotic encounter with the beautiful beloved stimulates a pregnancy in the lover. This paper argues that Plato did not, and we should not, think of this pregnancy merely as a metaphor or an allegory. The paper also argues that we misread Diotoma’s account of erotic ascent if we think of the lover as coming to disdain his first loves, the beautiful body or the beautiful individual. What he comes to disdain is the thought that this could be the ultimate telos of his quest. But the beloved, or the memory of the beloved, in all his or her corporeality remains of crucial importance throughout the lover’s life. Giving birth in the beautiful—however creative the act—occurs in the aura of the beloved. The paper then takes these Platonic ideas and investigates them in relation to a fantasy-pregnancy that was long suppressed in the history of psychoanalysis: that of the patient known as Anna O. giving birth to her doctor’s baby. The paper argues that this should be understood as a pregnancy of soul—one that played a significant role in giving birth to psychoanalysis itself.
Philosophie et Religions
Authors: Ferrari Jean ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

La problématique générale de ce symposium est celle de la confrontation de la philosophie, considérée dans son unicité comme une démarche critique à laquelle rien de ce qui est humain n’est étranger et les religions dans leur diversité à travers l’espace et le temps. Il en résulte des types de rapports très divers, selon que la philosophie emprunte aux religions certains thèmes de sa réflexion ou que, par ses concepts, elle contribue à la théorisation dogmatique de celles-ci. La question essentielle demeure aujourd’hui celle des rapports entre la raison philosophique et les croyances religieuses, que l’on en fasse l’histoire ou qu’en fonction des évolutions de l’une et des autres dans le monde contemporain, l’on tente d’en inventer des formes nouvelles.
Pour Qui L’artiste Contemporain Africain Cree-T-Il?
Authors: Konaté Yacouba ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

La scène contemporaine des arts visuels et de la danse contemporaine en Afrique, semble proposer une illustration réussie du mot de Theodor Adorno selon lequel « l’art a perdu son caractère d’évidence.» Et nombreux sont les artistes qui acceptent de ne pas être compris des publics locaux. En fait, on remarque que les productions artistiques de type patrimonial ou de type moderne et contemporain, apparaissent dans des occurrences inégales. Parfois, l’offre et la demande se raccordent avec bonheur. Parfois, l’offre attend en vain la demande et il apparaît qu’en art comme ailleurs sur d’autres marchés, la valeur n’est pas tant un attribut intrinsèque de l’objet, qu’une valeur ajoutée par l’artiste et les opérateurs culturels.
Protokulturelle und Transkulturelle Dimensionen der Kunst
Authors: Welsch Wolfgang ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

Are all cultural products to be understood in cultural terms alone? The paper tries to open up our awareness beyond current culturalistic constrictions towards protocultural as well as transcultural factors involved in the production and understanding of art and other cultural phenomena.
The Methodological Turn in Philosophy
Authors: Agazzi Evandro ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

Controversies have always characterized philosophy as expression of its typical critical attitude that depends on the complexity of the fundamental philosophical issues. Traditionally these discrepancies regarded the answers given to certain questions and, therefore, the content of the opposite doctrines, as all legitimately belonging to philosophy. With modernity the determination of the correct method of thinking becomes the necessary precondition for philosophizing and represents the core of the philosophical activity itself. As a consequence people adopting a certain method of thinking often qualify as non-philosophical the discourse of those who do not belong to their methodological school, independently of the content of the doctrine they defend. This dominance of the methodological concern, on the contrary, has produced the discovery and deepening of several “thinking methods,” whose plurality must be considered a wealth and not a reason for skepticism, since it can offer to philosophy the tools for better coping with the increasing complexity of its fundamental issues.
What Can We Learn From Fukushima?
Authors: Murata Junichi ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, which occurred on the occasion of the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, caused enormous damage to the political, social, cultural and natural environments in Japan and still continues to create problems.What can we learn from the case of Fukushima from the viewpoint of the philosophy of technology?First, I emphasize that technology is not considered a closed system constituted only of a technological factor in the narrow sense of the term, but must be considered an open system related to and constituted of various factors, including social, cultural, and natural environmental factors. In this sense, technology is inherently multidimensional.Second, as there is no guarantee that multiple factors maintain a harmonious and stable unity under various circumstances, technology inevitably brings about unintended consequences. We must always consider the unmanageable and unpredictable character of technology, which can be characterized as the “otherness” character of technology and is to be considered a central problem of the philosophy and ethics of technology.
Knowledge and the Social World
Authors: Masolo Dismas A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

I argue in this essay that practices of epistemological injustice by European scholars and researchers are neither a thing of the past nor a confine of philosophical debates driven by bad social science. Recent dimensions can be termed experimentations in science and ethics. Taking Africa as a place for scientific experimentation with hypotheses that have been classified as unethical is rife today, with the potential for far more serious and life threatening consequences. There are two phenomena that raise ethical questions and concerns: they are carried out by scientists and agencies who know well both short-term and long-term effects of the materials or products; moreover, the exportation of both the knowledge and materials for these experimentations is licensed by agencies of the governments of origin. The first concerns the exportation to and dumping in Africa of obsolete technological materials with high levels of toxity and radiation. The second concerns the mass exportation to Africa of scientific experimentations with genetically modified crops and foods when these are known in the countries of origin in Europe and America to bear pathogens harmful to both humans and ecological systems. The potential harm associated with these practices is comparable with, and puts them at the same level with, weapons of mass destruction, and their use ought to be questioned at the same level of concern as the use of sarin gas or cyanide in warfare.
On Metaphysical Analysis
Authors: Sosa Ernest ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

What follows offers a solution for the problem of causal deviance in its three varieties. We consider Davidson on action, Grice on perception, and the account of knowledge as apt belief, as belief that gets it right through competence rather than luck. We take up the opposition between such traditional accounts and “disjunctivist” alternatives. And we explore how our take on the point and substance of metaphysical analysis bears on the problem and on competing reactions to it.
La Traduction Comme Methode
Authors: Diagne Souleymane Bachir ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

According to Maurice Merleau-Ponty, in the pluralistic world in which we now live, there cannot be an overarching and vertical universal (universel de surplomb) anymore: we have now to find paths, methods, towards what he called, by contrast, a “lateral universality” (universalité latérale). When we consider the human tongues in their de facto plurality, none of them being by essence the language of the universal, that of philosophy and logos, we can see that one meaning of what is called “lateral universal” is translation. It could be said then, somehow, that, “translation is the language of languages” as the Kenyan writer Ngugi Wa Thiong’o wrote. The significance of translation as a method or path towards the “lateral universal” is the notion to be explored in this contribution.
Être et Vérité: Selon Pétros Braïlas-Arménis
Authors: Moutsopoulos Evangelos ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

Le dualisme de Braïlas (1812–1884) qui fut l’unique partisan de Victor Cousin (1792–1867) à avoir, après lui, constitué un système philosophique complet, est un dualisme modéré, du fait qu’en premier lieu, entre la matière et l’esprit, tout un groupe d’activités de la conscience humaine y est censé s’interpoler; qu’en deuxième lieu, le dogmatisme rationaliste braïlien est fondé sur une correspondance rigoureuse entre l’ordre universel et l’ordre rationnel, qui n’est guère dérangé que par l’intuition d’un ordre supérieur et plus parfait, conçu et reproduit par l’imagination, grâce à des processus créationnels; et qu’en troisième lieu, la philosophie braïlienne, quant à ses caractères dominants, s’avère, surtout du point de vue épistémologique, non pas une application servile, mais, par contre, une considération critique des thèses de l’éclectisme cousinien.
The Struggle over Kierkegaard
Authors: Kemp Peter ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

After having presented some key concepts in Kierkegaard’s works this paper focuses on how they have been interpreted and created the ground for various disputes about the use and understanding of Kierkegaard. It first presents some aspects of the debate in Denmark about Kierkegaard and then discusses the difference between two overall interpretations of Kierkegaard’s works by two non-Danish Kierkegaard scholars: Henri-Bernard Vergote and Mark C Taylor. This difference raises the question about the relationship between Kierkegaard and Hegel and thereby about the relationship between poetics and politics.
The Role of Arguments in Philosophy
Authors: Føllesdal Dagfinn ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2015

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle have been studied, commented upon and praised for more than 2000 years. What made their work so excellent? And what has made the philosophy produced by so many great philosophers after them insightful, inspiring and well worth studying? Their arguments. Arguments give insights, they help us see how “all weaves into one whole” to speak with Goethe, they “give unity to what was previously dispersed.” It is this “weaving together of what was dispersed” which is the core of arguments.This leads to a very inclusive notion of philosophy, where some of the finest works of art are philosophical. However, this openness to a wide variety of approaches to philosophy does not make all philosophy good philosophy. There are numerous kinds of weaknesses. Three examples are given, that illustrate the following three rules for good scholarship: (1) give proper credit, (2) familiarize yourself with fields outside philosophy that are pertinent to the problems you work on, (3) pay attention to work that has been done by others, especially when this work points to difficulties that you have not considered. These are trivial weaknesses, which should be spotted by editors and referees. Once they have been eliminated, we can concentrate on the arguments. It is the quality of arguments that distinguishes good philosophy from bad, and arguments come in many forms. We philosophers have a special responsibility for developing in ourselves and in others an ability to construct good arguments and to distinguish good arguments from bad ones. This is what Plato and Aristotle did, and it is a special challenge in our time when opinions more and more are shaped by mass media and not by arguments. We must teach good argumentation, and we must practice what we teach in our own philosophical work.
Validation of the Lung Subtyping Panel in Multiple Fresh-Frozen and Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Lung Tumor Gene Expression Data Sets
Authors: Faruki Hawazin , Mayhew Gregory M. , Fan Cheng , Wilkerson Matthew D. , Parker Scott , Kam-Morgan Lauren , Eisenberg Marcia , Horten Bruce , Hayes D. Neil , Perou Charles M. , Lai-Goldman Myla
Published: October 2015

Context

A histologic classification of lung cancer subtypes is essential in guiding therapeutic management.

Objective

To complement morphology-based classification of lung tumors, a previously developed lung subtyping panel (LSP) of 57 genes was tested using multiple public fresh-frozen gene-expression data sets and a prospectively collected set of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tumor samples.

Design

The LSP gene-expression signature was evaluated in multiple lung cancer gene-expression data sets totaling 2177 patients collected from 4 platforms: Illumina RNAseq (San Diego, California), Agilent (Santa Clara, California) and Affymetrix (Santa Clara) microarrays, and quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Gene centroids were calculated for each of 3 genomic-defined subtypes: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and neuroendocrine, the latter of which encompassed both small cell carcinoma and carcinoid. Classification by LSP into 3 subtypes was evaluated in both fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples, and agreement with the original morphology-based diagnosis was determined.

Results

The LSP-based classifications demonstrated overall agreement with the original clinical diagnosis ranging from 78% (251 of 322) to 91% (492 of 538 and 869 of 951) in the fresh-frozen public data sets and 84% (65 of 77) in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded data set. The LSP performance was independent of tissue-preservation method and gene-expression platform. Secondary, blinded pathology review of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples demonstrated concordance of 82% (63 of 77) with the original morphology diagnosis.

Conclusions

The LSP gene-expression signature is a reproducible and objective method for classifying lung tumors and demonstrates good concordance with morphology-based classification across multiple data sets. The LSP panel can supplement morphologic assessment of lung cancers, particularly when classification by standard methods is challenging.
Employer Expectations for Newly Trained Pathologists: Report of a Survey From the Graduate Medical Education Committee of the College of American Pathologists
Authors: Post Miriam D. , Johnson Kristen , Brissette Mark D. , Conran Richard Michael , Domen Ronald E. , Hoffman Robert D. , McCloskey Cindy B. , Raciti Patricia M. , Roberts Cory Anthony , Rojiani Amyn M. , Tucker J. Allan , Powell Suzanne Z.
Published: October 2015

Context.—Multiple sources have identified challenges that training programs face in preparing graduates for the “real world” practice of pathology, and many training programs have sought to decrease the gap between skills acquired during training and those required in practice. However, there exists the possibility that some of the difficulty experienced by newly trained pathologists and employers might arise from differences between employer expectations of new hires and what applicants expect from their first job.

Objective.—To define the constellation of skills and attributes employers prioritize when hiring newly trained pathologists.

Design.—A survey of fellows of the College of American Pathologists in practice for 5 or more years in the United States was administered and the results were analyzed.

Results.—A total of 630 pathologists who were responsible for hiring a new-in-practice pathologist completed the survey. Regardless of practice setting, certain skills and attributes were rated critically important in new hires, including ethics/integrity, work ethic, and professionalism. Seventy-one percent reported having some difficulty hiring entry-level pathologists and cited inadequate training/experience during residency, and applicants having unrealistic expectations regarding work load/hours as the most common reasons.

Conclusions.—Prospective employers not only expect well-developed diagnostic skills in their job applicants, but also require evidence of a strong work ethic and outstanding professionalism. Successful applicants must display willingness to assume responsibilities and flexibility regarding existing and new responsibilities. A secondary but important finding of this survey was that most jobs are garnered through word-of-mouth recommendations; therefore, it is crucial for pathologists-in-training to hone their networking skills.
Next-Generation Sequencing of a Cohort of Pulmonary Large Cell Carcinomas Reclassified by World Health Organization 2015 Criteria
Authors: Driver Brandon R. , Portier Bryce P. , Mody Dina R. , Deavers Michael , Bernicker Eric H. , Kim Min P. , Teh Bin S. , Santacruz Jose F. , Kopas Lisa , Munden Reginald F. , Cagle Philip T.
Published: October 2015

The classification of pulmonary large cell carcinoma has undergone a major revision with the recent World Health Organization (WHO) 2015 Classification. Many large cell carcinomas are now reassigned to either adenocarcinoma with solid pattern or nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma based on immunopositivity for adenocarcinoma markers or squamous cell carcinoma markers, respectively. Large cell carcinomas that are negative for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma immunomarkers are now classified as large cell carcinoma with null immunohistochemical features (LCC-N). Although a few studies investigated the mutation profile of large cell carcinomas grouped by immunostain profile before the publication of the new WHO classification, investigation of tumors previously diagnosed as large cell carcinoma and reclassified according to the 2015 WHO classification has not, to our knowledge, been reported.Context.—

To determine the mutation profiles of pulmonary large cell carcinomas reclassified by WHO 2015 criteria.Objective.—

Archival cases of non–small cell lung carcinoma with large cell carcinoma morphology (n = 17) were reclassified according to 2015 WHO criteria. To determine mutation profile, we employed Ion Torrent (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, California)–based next-generation sequencing (50 genes; more than 2800 mutations) in addition to real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for ALK translocation detection.Design.—

Two of 17 cases (12%) were reclassified as LCC-N, and both had mutations—BRAF D594N in one case and KRAS G12C in the other case. Seven of 17 cases (41%) were reclassified in the adenocarcinoma with solid pattern group, which showed one KRAS G12C and one EGFR E709K + G719C double mutation in addition to mutations in TP53. Eight of 17 cases (47%) were reclassified in the nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma group, which showed mutations in PIK3CA, CDKN2A, and TP53. No ALK translocations or amplifications were detected.Results.—

The adenocarcinoma with solid pattern group showed mutations typical of adenocarcinoma, whereas the nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma group showed mutations typical of squamous cell carcinoma. Both LCC-N cases had mutations associated with adenocarcinoma, supporting the hypothesis that LCC-N is related to adenocarcinoma.Conclusions.—
Cruces y encuentros entre investigadoras. Preguntarse sobre diversidad desde la posición social como mujer.
Authors: Aberasturi Apraiz Estibaliz , Guerra Guezuraga Regina
Published: October 2015

El siguiente artículo indaga en las construcciones de identidad  que se conforman en  relación con el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el ámbito educativo y en concreto en la educación artística. El artículo pretende mostrar en un cruce de experiencias, la necesidad de trabajar el tema de la identidad de género en el contexto educativo, ya sea utilizando la asignatura de educación artística a modo de conocimiento crítico ante las prácticas sociales del alumnado o ahondando en la propia construcción de la identidad docente ante sus experiencias como docentes mismos. En este artículo, trataremos de visibilizar la influencia que todo ello ha tenido y está teniendo en nuestra configuración del mundo, de las personas y del modelo educativo actual. No se trata de un discurso únicamente para aquellas personas que en algún momento hayamos podido vivir una confrontación entre lo biológico, lo psicológico y lo social, sino de todas las personas que nos hemos parado a reflexionar sobre la norma y la diversidad. Dos experiencias de aula, una en educación secundaria y la otra en la universidad, nos llevan a un encuentro donde compartimos cuestiones que nos preocupan y que son abordadas a partir de propuestas en educación artística. Un proyecto de investigación forma parte del comienzo de la historia y un proyecto de tesis la continuación de la indagación educativa.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.6.4412
Relaciones del Arte de Internet con la Cultura Libre.
Authors: Escaño Carlos
Published: October 2015

¿Cómo se definen las prácticas artísticas propias de Internet que están contextualizadas en la cultura libre? Esta es la pregunta de la que se parte y a la cual se procura dar una respuesta en las presentes letras. La correlación entre el arte de Internet y las dinámicas propuestas desarrolladas desde los entornos de la cultura libre puede ser tenida en cuenta como una vinculación inexcusablemente muy estrecha. Ambas líneas de desarrollo cultural se han entrelazado desde sus orígenes manteniendo como aglutinante un esfuerzo por desvincularse del vigente paradigma cultural institucional legitimado por las industrias culturales, procurando así un entramado intelectual más abierto y plural, en el que las estrategias democratizadoras de sus acciones prescriben características singulares. Los resultados que aquí se muestran forman parte de un trabajo de investigación centrado en el análisis de las relaciones entre cultura libre y el arte de Internet, el cual define y desarrolla sus características principales. Estas características están inferidas del estudio de fuentes secundarias oportunas y, por otro lado, deducidas de las entrevistas realizadas a cuatro expertos vinculados a los contextos pertinentes: Remedios Zafra, escritora y antropóloga, profesora universitaria de Arte, Innovación y Cultura Digital; Juan Martín Prada, profesor de universidad y esteta especialista en arte contemporáneo; y finalmente, Pedro Jiménez y Felipe G. Gil, representantes del influyente colectivo cultural transmediático Zemos98.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.6.4996
Un marco teórico inclusivo. Teoría de los Marcos de género
Authors: García Ferrando Urko Álex
Published: October 2015

El artículo aquí expuesto analiza el reparto político de la precariedad y la violencia, llevado a cabo en función de las normas sociales de género que operan en un sentido restrictivo. Pone especial atención a la gravedad de las problemáticas que genera esta forma concreta de proceder pues incentiva que las personas exploten sus privilegios en detrimento de sus potenciales, y, por lo tanto, sus privilegios en detrimento de su responsabilidad y su libertad. Para mostrar esta forma concreta de proceder expongo la Teoría de los Marcos de Género que desentraña tres categorías distintas de mujer/”mujeres” a  quienes se aplican formas distintas de discriminación y violencia, que emanan de una raíz común, la trascendencia de los Marcos de Género asignados al nacer. Las categorías expuestas de mujer/”mujeres” se instauran como marca de discriminación, no como identidad libremente elegida, y es por esto que la variabilidad del sujeto mujer/”mujeres” sirve únicamente para desentrañar la raíz común de discriminación que todas las personas soportan en mayor o menor medida y que ancla sus bases en paradigmas de carácter sexistas y machistas. Por último expongo una serie de matizaciones conceptuales y metodológicas que permiten explorar cómo el arte se plantea al colectivo trans como escenario seguro de expresión, como medio de transformación de la realidad que les cataloga y como medio de trascendencia de su propia realidad, como medio de vida.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.6.5010
Diario de una mirada interrogante
Authors: Cabrera Ramón
Published: October 2015

RESUMEN Desde una trayectoria de más de dos décadas en la investigación tanto de educación por el arte como del arte mismo, se argumentan los epistemes en los que se asienta tal decurso, centrado en el entre dos fundacional de la relacionalidad. PALABRAS CLAVES Arte, educación, investigación, relacionalidad.   Diary of inquiring look ABSTRACT From acareer spanning overtwo decadesin researchbotheducation through artasart itself, theepistemein whichsuchdecursosits, centeredbetween twofoundingof relationalityare argued. KEY WORDS Art, education, research, relationality   Journal d'un regard interrogatif RÉSUMÉ Desa carrière deplus de deux décenniesdans la rechercheà la foisl'éducationà travers l'artque l'artlui-même,l'épistémèoù une telledecursosiège, centréeentre deuxfondation derelationnalitésontsoutenu. MOTS-CLÉS Arts, éducation, recherche, relationnalité Diário de um olhar interrogativo RESUMO A partir de umacarreira de mais deduas décadasem pesquisatanto a educaçãoatravés da artecomo a própriaarte, aepistemeem quetaldecursosenta,centrado entreduasfundação darelacionalidadesãoargumentou. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Arte,educação, pesquisa,relacionalidadehttp://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.6.5154
La educación en museos y el ejemplo de comportamiento cívico: un patrimonio necesario
Authors: Huerta Ramon Ricard
Published: October 2015

Reseña del libro de Román de la Calle "Memoria y desmemoria del MuVIM. Política cultural, museo y patrimonio inmaterial" (2015, PUV)
El espacio de la educación artística necesita pensarse a sí mismo de manera permanente
Authors: Huerta Ramon Ricard
Published: October 2015

Reseña de los libros "Miradas nómadas. Educación artística y cultura visual en Paysandú" y "Cultura Visual, investigación y educación artística", ambos publicados en Uruguay.
Abordar nuevos engranajes para la educación artística desde la defensa de los derechos humanos
Authors: Huerta Ramon Ricard
Published: October 2015

Reseña del libro "Educación artística y diversidad sexual"