bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum IgG antibodies to C1q in hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome
Authors: Wisnieski Jeffrey J. , Naff George B.
Published: February 2007

Urticaria, angioedema, and arthritis are cardinal features of hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS). Considered to be an immune complex–mediated disorder, HUVS has been differentiated from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), based on its clinical manifestations and the C1q precipitin (C1q‐p) reaction, which is manifested as gel precipitation of C1q by a small percentage of HUVS IgG molecules. This phenomenon has been attributed to an Fc region abnormality, and the responsible IgG molecules are said to possess C1q‐p activity. We purified IgG from 4 HUVS patients and confirmed that HUVS IgG contains C1q binding activity. F(ab')2 fragments from these patients also bound to C1q, as measured by 2 different C1q binding methods at physiologic ionic strength; HUVS IgG Fc fragments did not bind to C1q. Preincubation of HUVS F(ab')2 fragments with antibody to human F(ab')2 prevented subsequent binding to C1q. We conclude that IgG antibodies to C1q are present in HUVS serum, and it is likely that these antibodies are C1q‐p. Because the clinical manifestations of HUVS and the presence of anti‐C1q antibodies have been described in patients with SLE, our findings support the concept that HUVS is an autoimmune syndrome related to SLE.
Septic acromioclavicular arthritis and osteomyelitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Iii Bernard Zimmermann , Erickson Allan D. , Mikolich Dennis J.
Published: February 2007

We describe a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who developed Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the acromioclavicular joint. The case is unusual because of the rarity of reported bone and joint infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and because of the indolent nature of the infection.
Levels of chondroitin‐6‐sulfate and nonaggregating proteoglycans at articular cartilage contact sites in the knees of young dogs subjected to moderate running exercise
Authors: Säämänen Anna‐Marja , Tammi Markku , Kiviranta Ilkka , Jurvelin Jukka , Helminen Heikki J.
Published: February 2007

The levels and types of proteoglycans in articular cartilage of the knees of young beagle dogs were studied after 15 weeks of running exercise, at 4 km/day. Running increased the levels of proteoglycans in the cartilage of the patella, the superior patellofemoral groove, and the summit of the medial condyle of the femur, all of which are considered contact sites subject to enhanced loading caused by running. The elevated content of uronic acid at the femoral sites proved to be due to proteoglycans that were unable to aggregate with hyaluronic acid. There was no change in the content of aggregating proteoglycans. Analysis of chondroitinase AC–derived disaccharides at the same sites showed an increase in chondroitin‐6‐sulfate content as compared with chondroitin‐4‐sulfate levels. We believe that this modulation of the proteoglycan matrix reflects enhanced tissue maturation and physiologic adjustment to higher local contact pressures.
Therapeutic treatment of canine osteoarthritis with glycosaminoglycan polysulfuric acid ester
Authors: Altman Roy D. , Dean David D. , Muniz Ofelia E. , Howell David S.
Published: February 2007

The therapeutic effect of glycosaminoglycan polysulfuric acid ester (GAGPS) was studied using the Pond‐Nuki model of canine osteoarthritis. The clinical setting was simulated by permitting 4 weeks ambulation without treatment, following anterior cruciate transection. Animals were then injected with GAGPS, 4 mg/kg intramuscularly, twice weekly during weeks 4–8. Control animals received intramuscular saline. The study was terminated 4 weeks after completion of the GAGPS or saline regimen (i.e., 12 weeks postoperatively). Cartilage from the medial femoral condyle was analyzed for collagen integrity (swelling properties), hydroxyproline, uronic acid, active and total proteoglycan (PG)–degrading metalloproteinase, PG‐degrading serine proteinase, and histopathology (Mankin score). Condylar cartilage from animals treated with GAGPS demonstrated less cartilage swelling, less total and active metalloproteinase, and lower histopathologic scores than were found in cartilage from saline‐treated animals. GAGPS was able to suppress PG‐degrading enzyme activity and maintain a more normal‐appearing cartilage. It is proposed that GAGPS suppressed PG breakdown by decreasing synthesis of metalloproteinase or by directly inhibiting metalloproteinase in cartilage, rather than by increasing synthesis of PG by chondrocytes.
Mental status abnormalities in temporal arteritis: A treatable cause of dementia in the elderly
Authors: Pascuzzi Robert M. , Roos Karen L. , Davis Thomas E.
Published: February 2007

Although temporal arteritis (TA) is a common vasculitis, mental status changes and higher cortical dysfunction have received limited attention in the literature. We report a case which illustrates the potential for TA to produce chronic fluctuating delirium, delusional thinking, and memory impairment in the absence of concomitant symptoms of headache and visual loss. In addition, TA may produce differing symptoms at different times in the same patient.
Inflammatory microcrystals stimulate interleukin‐6 production and secretion by human monocytes and synoviocytes
Authors: Guerne Pierre‐André , Terkeltaub Robert , Zuraw Bruce , Lotz Martin
Published: February 2007

Crystal‐related joint diseases are often associated with systemic inflammatory manifestations, including increased levels of acute‐phase proteins, leukocytosis, and fever. Recently, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) has been identified as a pluripotent mediator of inflammatory and immunologic responses and the major hepatocyte‐stimulating factor. In this study, we demonstrated that monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals, and to a lesser extent, hydroxyapatite crystals, increased IL‐6 production by synoviocytes and monocytes in vitro. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that MSU and CPPD crystals, but not hydroxyapatite crystals, were able to increase the release of newly synthesized IL‐6. Crystal‐induced IL‐6 stimulated acute‐phase protein synthesis, immunoglobulin production, and hybridoma cell proliferation, which was neutralized by a specific antibody to IL‐6. High levels of IL‐6 were found in synovial fluid from patients with gout and pseudogout. These results demonstrate that MSU and CPPD crystals can induce IL‐6 production in synoviocytes and monocytes, and that synovial fluid from patients with gout and pseudogout contains high levels of IL‐6. Crystal‐induced IL‐6 is likely to be an important mediator of inflammatory responses in acute gout and pseudogout.
Solitary plasmacytoma of the skull revealed by a mononeuritis multiplex associated with immune complex vasculitis
Authors: Gherardi Romain K. , Martin‐Mondiere Claude , Amiel HÉLÈNe , Viard Jean‐Paul , Salama Jeffrey , Delaporte Pierre
Published: February 2007

We describe a patient with a solitary plasmacytoma of the skull, in whom mononeuritis multiplex was the presenting manifestation. Some features of the POEMS syndrome (plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal [M] protein, skin changes), including thrombocytosis, were found. Muscle and nerve biopsies disclosed a small vessel hypersensitivity‐type vasculitis and complement‐fixing immune complex deposits in vessel walls. Removal of the plasmacytoma resulted in clinical improvement and clearance of the vasculitis and immune complex deposits.
Hereditary amyloidosis: Evidence against early amyloid deposition
Authors: Harats Noam , Worth Robert M. , Benson Merrill D.
Published: February 2007

Twelve members of the Indiana hereditary amyloidosis type II kindred were tested for the presence of amyloid deposits. All were young adults (age 26–37), with no evidence of disease and with 1 affected parent. Six were found to be carriers of the variant gene, by DNA testing and/or reduced serum retinol‐binding protein levels. Nevertheless, no amyloid could be found in any skin, rectal, or carpal tunnel biopsy specimens. Our results suggest that hereditary amyloidosis type II is a true late‐onset disease, in which accumulation of amyloid does not start until late in life—perhaps only a short time before symptoms appear.
Purification and characterization of Ki antigen and detection of anti‐Ki antibody by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sakamoto Mitsutaka , Takasaki Yoshinari , Yamanaka K. , Kodama A. , Hashimoto H. , Hirose S.
Published: February 2007

Ki antigen from rabbit thymus extract was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anti‐Ki affinity chromatography, and high pressure liquid chromatography gel filtration. The purified Ki antigen gave a single polypeptide with an MW of 32,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and it specifically reacted with anti‐Ki antibody by immunoblotting. The isoelectric point of the Ki antigen was found by isoelectric focusing to be 4.3. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using the purified Ki antigen was established, and the clinical significance of the anti‐Ki antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was studied. Thirty of 140 patients with SLE (21.4%) had anti‐Ki antibody by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, whereas 11 (7.9%) were positive by double immunodiffusion. Analysis of clinical and serologic data on patients with SLE suggested a higher prevalence of central nervous system involvement in patients with anti‐Ki antibody.
Articular cartilage: What it is, why it fails in osteoarthritis, and what can be done about it
Authors: Ghosh Peter
Published: February 2007

Articular cartilage covers the ends of long bones and together with synovial fluid is responsible for the remarkably efficient mechanical properties of synovial joints. In osteoarthritis (OA) joint articular cartilage fails. While the etiology of cartilage failure in OA is still controversial, some of the mechanisms responsible for loss of proteoglycans from these tissues have been identified and offer insights for potential avenues of therapeutic control. Many non‐steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), although effective at suppressing the symptoms of OA, do little to support the attempts by chondrocytes to replenish proteoglycan loss from the extracellular matrix. However, evidence is now accumulating, largely from studies using animal models, that not all antiarthritic agents are deleterious to cartilage. Some may even promote those anabolic processes necessary for its repair and restoration of function. These recent developments offer a more optimistic approach for the therapeutic management of the osteoarthritic patient in the future.
The effects of fatigue, distractibility, and absenteeism on school achievement in children with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Stoff Elizabeth , Bacon Melanie C. , White Patience H.
Published: February 2007

Children with chronic health impairments have a variety of psychosocial, physical, and medical complications affecting daily life. This study investigated the relationship between the effects of a rheumatic disease (RD) and school functioning. Factors investigated were fatigue, distractibility, and absenteeism. In addition, disease severity and mobility were assessed. Forty‐six children with RD and their parents participated in the study. Results indicated that inattention and distractibility were highly related to school achievement. A minimal relationship between fatigue and absenteeism and school performance was noted. In addition, ratings of mobility used by physicians were unrelated to success on math and reading achievement testing.
Applicability of a health status model to osteoarthritis
Authors: Mason John H. , Anderson Jennifer J. , Meenan Robert F.
Published: February 2007

A five‐component model of health status has been operationalized by the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) to serve as a core for the health status assessment of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These five components of health status are Lower Extremity Function, Upper Extremity Function, Affect, Symptom, and Social Interaction. To test the utility of this model, this study examines the stability and the applicability of the five‐component model in a different rheumatic disease, osteoarthritis (OA). The model displays similar characteristics between OA and RA for Upper Extremity Function, Affect, and Social Interaction. Pain, however, appears to be more strongly associated with Physical Activity in the OA sample, suggesting that pain as a measured symptom of OA is closely related to ambulation, while pain as a symptom of RA may be more a manifestation of joint involvement and less dependent upon walking and climbing. This study presents the AIMS as a means of assessing five components of health status in either OA or RA.
Adherence and its management in clinical trials: Implications for arthritis treatment trials
Authors: Probstfield Jeffrey L.
Published: February 2007

Adherence in clinical trials is a consistent problem regardless of the disease process or organ system under investigation. In this paper data and examples from clinical trials examining cardiovascular diseases are used as the basis for a review of various adherence principles. Issues reviewed include: the importance of adherence in clinical trials, an overall program /or adherence in clinical trials, and specific issues in adherence from arthritis clinical trials. Special attention is given to a program for the prevention of reduced adherence for participants of a clinical trial as well as acute and chronic intervention plans for those with good adherence and those with reduced adherence in a clinical trial.
Natural history and treatment decisions in rheumatoid arthritis revisited
Authors: Weisman Michael H.
Published: February 2007

Compliance with RA therapeutic intervention must be viewed within the context of the natural history of the disease with or without drug treatment. Published studies from the 30s to the 80s provide a grim picture: both premature death and marked functional morbidity occur even in population‐based analyses. Intervention with drugs appears to have short‐term gains with little impact beyond 2 years. The reasons for this apparent paradox are two‐fold. (I) OUT drugs are not as successful as we would like; and (2) clinical trials and long‐term outcome studies exaggerate their differences from each other by selection criteria and other methodologic issues. Nevertheless, the picture that is emerging for the 90s is revolutionary. Patients with the worst prognosis are being treated more aggressively earlier in their course, and those that have a favorable prognosis do well without aggressive management and are treated differently. Traditional outcome measures are giving way to others that are more realistic and patient‐oriented. The assumption that more (not less) treatment will remedy the situation is being tested. The impact of the success of Methotrexate on this change in philosophy should not be underestimated.
Expression of caveolin‐3 in the fibroblast‐like type B synoviocytes in the rat temporomandibular joint
Authors: Nozawa‐Inoue Kayoko , Suzuki Akiko , Niwano Masahiro , Kawano Yoshiro , Maeda Takeyasu
Published: February 2007

The present study revealed that the fibroblast‐like type B synoviocytes (covering the surface of the synovial membrane in the rat temporomandibular joint) had muscle‐specific caveolin‐3 protein in their caveolae. The existence of two kinds of type B synoviocytes (with and without caveolin‐3‐immunoreactions even in the synovial lining layer) might reflect the functional difference between them. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitization of the skeleton to vitamin‐A overdosage by cortisol
Authors: Selye Hans
Published: February 2007

The simultaneous administration of cortisol and vitamin A to albino rats resulted in intense bone absorption not observed with vitamin A alone. The action of glucocorticoids was shown to be the opposite of the action of somatotropic hormones in respect to injury resulting from hypervitaminosis A.

Le administration simultanee de cortisol e vitamina A a rattos albin resultava in intense absorption ossee non observate post vitamina A sol. Esseva monstrate que le action de glucocorticoides es le opposite del action de hormones somatotropic con respecto a insultos resultante de hypervitaminosis per vitamina A.
A controlled study of chloroquine as an antirheumatic agent
Authors: Cohen Alan S. , Calkins Evan
Published: February 2007

The use of a double‐blind therapeutic study to determine the effects of chloroquine on rheumatoid arthritis demonstrated antirheumatic properties of this drug. The criteria of Lansbury were successfully combined with other objective measurements to provide data of statistical validity.
Chromatographic and electrophoretic studies of the L.E. factor
Authors: Fallet Georges H. , Lospalluto Joseph , Ziff Morris
Published: February 2007

In fractionation studies of L.E. sera using chromatographic separation and zone electrophoresis the L.E. factor was confined to a gamma globulin component. L.E. factor could be separated from rheumatoid factor. Difference in molecular size of these two factors is suggested by an ultracentrifugation experiment.
Hemagglutination study of serum factors related to L.E. cell formation
Authors: Lee Ronald C. , Epstein Wallace V.
Published: February 2007

Lupus factor as detected by tannic acidtreated sheep erythrocytes coated with a saline extract of nucleoprotein was found in the sera of 10 patients with systemic lupus erythrematosus and positive L.E. cell preparations. Nucleoprotein and the nucleoprotein extract (NP‐E) were capable of inhibiting the NP‐E hemagglutination as well as L.E. cell formation. Gamma globulin and DNA were not capable of inhibiting the NP‐E hemagglutination test.
Dexamethasone: Antirheumatic properties, hormonal effects and adverse reactions (A 16 month study)
Authors: Black Roger L. , Reefe William E. , David John R. , Bloch Kurt J. , Ehrlich George E. , Bunim Joseph J.
Published: February 2007

Dexamethasone has been administered for 8 to 16 months (0.5 to 4.0 mg. daily), with satisfactory antirheumatic response in 20 of 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

This compound has been found to be the most potent anti‐inflammatory corticosteroid thus far produced. It suppresses ACTH and possibly thyroid‐stimulating hormone production by the anterior pituitary. Thyroid function, as measured by radioactive iodine uptake, was reduced in 11 of 19 patients during dexamethasone administration.

The most common side effect in this group was striking weight gain—more than 4 Kg. in 19 patients. Three patients experienced pathologic fractures and one, a peptic ulcer during dexamethasone therapy. There were two deaths during the period of study.
Experimental hemarthrosis: The removal of chromium‐51‐ and iron‐59‐labeled erythrocytes injected into the knee joint of rabbit and man
Authors: Rodnan Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

The clearance of Cr51‐ and Fe59‐labeled erythrocytes from the knee joint is delayed by immobilization of the limb, but is not significantly affected by repeated antecedent hemarthrosis, or the injection of hyaluronidase or hydrocortisone.
Clinical, metabolic and endocrinologic effects of abrupt cessation of maintenance cortisone acetate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Calkins Evan , Engel Lewis L. , Mitchell Donald M. , Carter Priscilla , Bauer Walter
Published: February 2007

Three patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had been maintained on cortisone treatment for periods of at least two and one‐half years, were subjected to detailed clinical and metabolic study immediately prior to and following abrupt cessation of cortisone therapy. Clinical manifestations resembling adrenal insufficiency could be differentiated from those of active rheumatoid arthritis. The latter were accompanied by striking sodium retention and evidences of increased plasma volume. Although the symptoms of adrenal insufficiency disappeared four days after stopping cortisone, steroid excretion studies indicated that reduced and abnormal adrenal cortical function persisted for a longer period than this and suggested that this could not entirely be attributed to a failure of pituitary response.
Immunization to experimental arthritis in rats
Authors: Hershberger L. G. , Hansen L. M. , Calhoun D. W.
Published: February 2007

Protection against experimental arthritis followed various pretreatments that appeared to elicit production of antibodies to the arthritogenic agent. Passive immunity to arthritis was produced by injecting serum from rats or rabbits immunized against exudate containing the arthritogenic factor. The nature of the arthritogenic agent is discussed.
An attempt to produce systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis by crude desoxyribosenucleic acid and joint antigens
Authors: Dubois Edmund L. , Katz Yale J
Published: February 2007

Albino rabbits and dogs received injections of heterologous, homologous and autologous antigens both with and without Freund adjuvant. The animals were studied as long as 17 months. Thirteen rabbits received crude calf thymus. Four rabbits were given homologous bone and joint suspension. Three dogs were injected with saline emulsions of their own tail bone and cartilage. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of anti‐desoxyribosenucleic acid antibodies, systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis.
Physiologic disposition and uricosuric effect of a keto analog of oxyphenhutazone (G.29701)
Authors: Seegmiller J. E. , Dayton P. G. , Burns J. J.
Published: February 2007

The alteration in pharmacologic action attending the introduction of a keto group into the side chain of oxyphenbutazone to form keto‐oxyphenbutazone (G‐29701) include loss of antirheumatic and sodium retaining properties of the parent compound and appearance of uricosuric action correlated with the much greater acidity of the molecule (pKa 2.3). Comparison with sulfinpyrazone (Anturan) or zoxazolamine (Flexin) shows G‐29701 to have a comparable unicosuric potency witb a significantly longer half life of 8 hours.
The diagnosis and therapy of acute suppurative arthritis
Authors: Ward John , Cohen Alan S. , Bauer Walter
Published: February 2007

Acute suppurative arthritis is a form of joint disease demanding prompt diagnosis and therapy. Twenty‐four cases are reviewed, and it is suggested that in addition to clinical findings, analysis of synovial fluid is essential. Synovial leukocyte count greater than 50,000 cells per cu. mm., with 90 per cent or more polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a synovial fluid‐blood sugar difference of over 40 mg. per cent all support the diagnosis. Adequate treatment consists of early therapy with systemic antibacterial agents, repeated needle aspiration of the joint and appropriate physiotherapy.
Intradermal hypersensitivity in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Bennett J. Claude , Holley Howard L.
Published: February 2007

This is a report of a study of intradermal hypersensitivity to normal leukocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Positive reactions, characterized by induration, edema, and erythema, developed in 15 of 17 SLE patients. This reaction was maximum at 24 hours postinjection. Similar phenomena were rarely observed in control patients. Histological studies of the reaction site revealed evidence of both Arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity.
An Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of antigens reacting with lupus serum
Authors: Atchley William A.
Published: February 2007

The serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus may contain antibodies reacting in a variety of ways against several intracellular antigens. This report describes a new method of analyzing these antigen‐antibody reactions by immunoelectrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes. The results show that abnormal sera may contain at least two different precipitating antibodies, one directed against a deoxy‐ribonucleohistone complex, and the other directed against an antigen that may be histone not attached to DNA.
A fluorescent test for the rheumatoid factor in blood
Authors: Hess Evelyn , Ziff Morris
Published: February 2007

A fluorescent test for the rheumatoid factor is described in which the buffy coat of blood is separated and treated with fluoresceinated aggregated F‐II of human gamma globulin. Fluorescence of the suspended leukocytes and platelets indicates the presence of the factor coated on the cell surfaces. Ninety per cent of patients with adult rheumatoid arthritis and 76 per cent with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis gave positive tests.
Vitallium mold arthroplasty of the hip in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Solomon L. , Aufranc Otto E.
Published: February 2007

A critical evaluation is presented of the place of Vitallium mold arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis hips. The indications for surgery are reviewed, including mainly the following: 1. Surgery for pain; 2. Surgery for correction of deformity; 3. Surgery for the restoration of motion; 4. Surgery for the preservation of motion. The surgery of the hip in rheumatoid arthritis is presented as au incident in the total management of the patient with this disease. The complications and result of the surgery were evaluated by Dr. Solomon who had nothing to do with the surgery or the choice of patients. This we believe presents an unbiased opinion of the present status of mold arthroplasty.
Corticosteroid therapy of rheumatoid arthritis supplemented with methandrostenolone
Authors: Clark Glenn M. , Mills David
Published: February 2007

Our clinical experiences using methandrostenolone (Dianabol) as a supplement to corticosteroid for rheumatoid arthritis have been presented. A group of steroid intoxicated patients tolerated a reduction in corticosteroid dose, showed less hypercorticism and yet maintained their functional capacity. Another group of stable, moderate dosage, clinic patients were followed with Lansbury's systemic index. These patients had a lower Lansbury index (less inflammation) and lower corticosteroid doses following the addition of methandrostenolone.
Capillary circulation in the joint capsule of the rabbit's knee: A vital microscopic study
Authors: Lindstrom Jörgen , Branemark Per‐Ingvar
Published: February 2007

The function of a joint is closely connected to the structure and function of the capillaries in the synovial membrane of the joint capsule. Direct microscopic observation in vivo of the vascular bed of the synovial membrane in the rabbit's knee joint appears to be a suitable technic for analysis of the microcirculation of this membrane. Shunt and sphincter mechanisms are clearly recognizable by this method.
A variant L.E. cell factor reactive only with “altered” nuclear material
Authors: Svec Kathryn H. , Kaplan Melvin H.
Published: February 2007

An unusual antinuclear factor is described in a lupus erythematosus serum which shows L.E. cell activity. The serum was non‐reactive with nuclei of intact cells and with thymus nucleoprotein but demonstrated reactivity with leukocyte nuclei altered by mechanical trauma. It is suggested that this antinuclear factor is related to the L.E. cell activity of the serum and represents a second type of L.E. cell factor.
X‐ray diffraction studies of the tophaceous deposits in gout
Authors: Howell R. Rodney , Eanes Edward D. , Seegmiller J. E.
Published: February 2007

The form of the uric acid present in the crystalline material of subcutaneous tophi in two gouty patients has been positively characterized as monosodium urate monohydrate by using x‐ray diffraction technics, while a urinary calculus was shown to contain free uric acid. The x‐ray diffraction powder patterns and d line values for the reference compounds uric acid, monosodium urate monohydrate, and disodium urate dihydrate are also presented.
The rheumatoid factor activity of dextran eluates of erythrocytes and platelets
Authors: Hunder Gene G. , Vaughan John H. , Jacox Ralph F.
Published: February 2007

A material which can cause agglutination of latex particles can be eluted by dextran from erythrocytes and platelets obtained from normal humans, from patients with non‐rheumatoid diseases, and from rabbit erythrocytes. A report by others had suggested that such an eluate was a rheumatoid factor. The lack of disease specificity suggests that this agglutinating substance may differ from rheumatoid factor. A substance eluted from platelets by dextran appears to be rheumatoid factor.
Interaction of gold and penicillamine
Authors: Eyring Edward J. , Engleman Ephraim P.
Published: February 2007

In order to evaluate penicillamine as an agent for treatment of toxicity to gold, a laboratory and clinical experimental study has been carried out. In vitro studies show that the compound has great affinity for ionic gold (K1·K2 = 24.8). In vivo, the drug competes successfully with rat tissue for simultaneously administered gold and prevents deposition of gold in tissues, especially the kidney. Finally, in acute experiments, penicillamine has been found to enhance human urinary excretion of gold.
Ancient therapeutic arts in the gout
Authors: Rodnan Gerald P. , Benedek Thomas G.
Published: February 2007

This is an illustrated account of the early measures employed in the treatment of gout, comprising magical and religious cures and various forms of counter‐irritation, including cautery, moxibustion, acupuncture, setons and issues, as well as blood‐letting and galvanism. Certain of these latter practices, founded on the ancient humoral theory of disease, continue to be used in their orginal form to the present day while others have served as the foundation for some current methods of physical therapy.
The arthritis of Whipple's disease
Authors: Kelly John J. , Weisiger Benjamin B.
Published: February 2007

Despite the well appreciated fact that arthropathy frequently occurs with Whipple's disease, this is often not considered in dealing with obscure joint problems. A review of 95 cases with typical histologic changes of Whipple's disease revealed arthropathy in 64. This usually consisted of an acute, intermittent and often migratory polyarthritis which was followed by periods of complete remission. Spondylitis, both with and without sacro‐iliac fusion, was less commonly observed.
Latex fixation test in rheumatoid arthritis III. A longitudinal study of the titer of rheumatoid factor and thermolabile inhibitor
Authors: Schubart Adalbert F. , Cohen Alan S. , Calkins Evan
Published: February 2007

In the latex fixation test the determination of the titer of rheumatoid factor together with the thermolabile inhibitor was shown to provide reproducible serological parameters which were used in a longitudinal study of 66 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. All 8 patients who experienced an unequivocal remission during the course of observation were found in the group of patients with relatively low titers of the latex fixation test and with varying degrees of thermolabile inhibition. No remissions occurred in the group of patients with high titers with out thermolabile inhibition.
Acromegalic arthropathy. A case report
Authors: Good Armin E.
Published: February 2007

A case history of a patient with an eosinophilic pituitary adenoma is presented, in which joint symptoms dominated much of the course. The diagnosis of acromegaly was made 13 years after an initial, erroneous diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. The end result in this case has been severely disabling hypertrophic disease of the hip joints.
Studying the epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in Israel: Methodological considerations
Authors: Abramson J. H. , Adler E. , Hader S. Ben , Elkan Zipora , Gabriel K. R. , Wahl Miriam
Published: February 2007

The outline of the epidemiological study of rheumatoid arthritis in the Western region of Jerusalem (population about 14,000, interview sample about 8,000, examination sample about 2,000), is given. The semantic difficulties, reliability of diagnostic criteria, evaluation of x‐ray pictures, validity of Rh. A. index with regard to cultural, social and ethnical background, and its special significance within the population of Israel, influence of non‐response to interview and/or examination on statistical results, and repeated examinations of a part of the sample in a remittant chronic disease like rheumatoid arthritis, are discussed. The relatively large number of the sample in this present study may render possible to overcome the many pitfalls involved.
Experimentally induced arthritis using intra‐articular papain
Authors: Murray David G.
Published: February 2007

Daily injection of a crude papain solution into the knee joint of young rabbits continued over a six day period resulted in a degeneration of the articular cartilage within two weeks. The initial findings were elevation and loosening of the cartilage in the weight bearing area followed by thinning and fibrillation of the remaining surface. Microscopic changes consisted of disruption of the cartilage adjacent to the subchondral bone and loss of the superficial layers. Changes in the articular cartilage were similar to changes seen in clinical forms of degenerative arthritis.
Relationships between genitourinary infection and complicating arthritis
Authors: Ford Denys K. , Rasmussen George
Published: February 2007

Sixty‐nine episodes of arthritis associated with urethritis or cystitis were studied in 58 heterosexual Caucasian males and 7 episodes in 2 North American Indians, the observations being made in Vancouver, British Columbia. The arthritis following gonorrhea was similar to that following non‐gonococcal urethritis and in both groups extramarital venereal exposure was the usual initiating event. No evidence could be found that mycoplasmal or viral agents were responsible for the arthritis.
Polymyositis and aplastic anemia a report of a case
Authors: Healey L. A. , Pearson Carl M. , Engleman Ephraim P. , Engleman Ephraim P. , Gardner Frank H.
Published: February 2007

The appearance of aplastic anemia in a seventy‐one year old man with polymyositis is described. The pancytopenia was unrelated to drugs and was fatal. Autopsy confirmed both diagnoses and disclosed no occult neoplasm. Although its association with visceral malignancy is well known, the occurence of polymyositis and aplastic anemia in the same patient has been reported but once before.
An isohemagglutinin deficiency in relatives of rheumatoid patients
Authors: Rawson Arnold J. , Abelson Neva M.
Published: February 2007

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis belonging to blood group 0 have deficient activity of anti‐A and anti‐B isohemagglutinins in chromatographic fractions containing γss, γ1A and γ1M globulins. Asymptomatic close relatives of these patients, if they too belong to blood group 0 have deficient isohemagglutinin activity only in an intermediate fraction containing y1A and yss globulins. Evidence is presented which suggests that the latter deficiency is attributable to the γ1A globulin, and is not the result of complexing with rheumatoid factor.
Patients' attitudes and knowledge concerning arthritis
Authors: Edwards Margaret H. , Calabro John J. , Wied Marion E.
Published: February 2007

A 27‐item questionnaire dealing with attitudes and information concerning arthritis was administered to 100 patients attending an arthritis out‐patient clinic, and responses were compared with information obtained from their physicians. Several discrepancies between patients' and physicians' concepts of clinical status and therapy were apparent, as well as differences in attitudes and beliefs related to factors of age, education, and type of arthritis. One‐hundred and eighty forms of treatment had been recommended to the patients by non‐professional persons.
Erythrocyte survival in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mongan Edward S. , Jacox Ralph F.
Published: February 2007

Thirty patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were transfused with chromium‐51 labeled erythrocytes from either normal or rheumatoid donors. Three sets of identical twins discordant for rheumatoid arthritis had a cross transfusion from a healthy donor to the affected recipient. In no instance was there any significant shortening of erythrocyte survival which could not be attributed to minor blood group incompatibility. The presence of rheumatoid factor in either the donor, the recipient, or both did not effect erythrocyte survival.
Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and transaminase (GOT) activity of synovial fluid and serum in rheumatic disease states, with a note on synovial fluid LDH isozymes
Authors: Cohen Alan S.
Published: February 2007

Lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminase determinations were carried out on the serums and synovial fluids of patients with a variety of rheumatic diseases. The LDH activity of the synovial fluid was elevated in patients with rheumatoid degenerative joint disease. Transaminase activity was normal in both serum and synovial fluid in all cases. Starch gel zymograms of LDH showed qualitatively increased amounts of the isozyme LDH 5 in the pathological synovial fluids.
Studies on adjuvant‐induced polyarthritis in rats. III. The effect of “immunosuppressive agents” on arthritis and tuberculin hypersensitivity
Authors: Ward John R. , Clovd R. Sidney , Krawitt Edward L. , Jones Russell S.
Published: February 2007

Methotrexate, 6‐mercaptopurine and total body x‐irradiation, given to rats injected with mycobacterial adjuvant, suppressed the development of polyarthritis without altering hypersensitivity to old tuberculin. Mechlorethamine hydrochloride was without effect. This dissociation of arthritis and tuberculin hypersensitivity suggests that sensitization to tuberculoprotein plays no direct role in producing the arthritis. Methotrexate and 6‐mercaptopurine also suppressed the early inflammation at the site of adjuvant injection indicating an antiinflammatory action which is independent of their effects on immunologic mechanisms.
Osmotic pressure gradients and joint effusions
Authors: Lipson Richard L. , Baldes Edward J. , Anderson Joseph A. , Polley Howard F.
Published: February 2007

This study reveals that in rheumatoid joint disease the total osmotic pressure of synovial fluid tends to be lower than, or equal to, that of plasma. With local articular or general systemic improvement the total osmotic pressures of synovial fluid and plasma tend to increase, and that of synovial fluid may exceed that of plasma. The colloid osmotic pressure of synovial fluid from joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was lower than that of plasma.
A study of rheumatoid factor titers in patients receiving plasma and gamma globulin
Authors: Waller Marion , Mullinax Franklin , Toone Elam C. , Thurman Lee
Published: February 2007

Rheumatoid factor activity in four patients was not inhibited by infusions of large volumes of plasma and gamma globulin as measured by the Hyland latex, SHC, and SSC tests. There were also no demonstrable changes in the erythrocyte sedimentation rates, total serum proteins, electrophoretic patterns, and ultracentrifuge patterns. In vitro estimations showed that very large amounts of gamma globulin would be needed to achieve in vivo inhibition of rheumatoid factor activity.
The effect of hydralazine (apresoline) on collagen synthesis in carrageenin granulomas
Authors: Meilman Edward , Urivetsky Morton , Rapoport Claire
Published: February 2007

Hydralazine causes an increase in the various collagen fractions, neutral‐salt, acid, and insoluble in carrageenin granulomas in guinea pigs. It is of interest that hydralazine, diphenyl hydantoin and isonicotinic acid hydrazide, all of which may be associated with SLE are capable of stimulating collagen formation.
The progressive nature of gout with inadequate therapy
Authors: Lipson Richard L. , Slocumb Charles H.
Published: February 2007

Inadequate therapy does not stop the progression of gout. A case report is presented to emphasize the progressive nature of gout and importance of adequate therapy if progression is to be prevented. The patient described developed gout at an early age and progressed through the entire spectrum of uncontrolled gouty arthritis while receiving treatment for his condition. In addition, the patient illustrates the unusual complication of sacroiliac joint involvement demonstrated by x‐ray and biopsy.
Total hemolytic complement (CH50) and second component of complement (C′2hu) activity in serum and synovial fluid
Authors: Fostiropoulos George , Austen K. Frank , Bloch Kurt J.
Published: February 2007

The presence of the second component of human complement in synovial fluid was demonstrated by a stoichiometric titration using EAC′lagp4gp cells; fourth component and a moiety of third component were identified by immunoelectrophoresis using specific antiserum. The concentration of total hemolytic complement, C′2, and C′4 was strikingly diminished in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to their concentration in synovial fluid from patients with traumatic, degenerative or gouty effusions. These findings suggest that reduction in total complement activity was due to activation of C′1 with subsequent utilization of its substrates, C′2 and C′4.
Rheumatoid arthritis and constrictive pericarditis a patient benefited by pericardectomy
Authors: Lange Richard K. , Weiss Thomas E. , Ochsner John L.
Published: February 2007

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease involving, in addition to joints, many organs in variable degrees. A case is presented of early rheumatoid arthritis complicated by constrictive pericarditis necessitating pericardectomy. This case is presented to emphasize a potential problem of cardiac involvement in evaluating the condition of a patient with rheumatoid disease and because few cases have been reported requiring surgical treatment.
The effects of intra‐articular thiotepa on synovial fluids
Authors: Howes Ronald G. , Jarvis Basil
Published: February 2007

Study of the synovial fluids of nine patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis before and four weeks after the injection of thiotepa, showed a significant drop in the total white cell count, a reversion to a more normal differential count and significant reduction in the synovial fluid/serum protein ratio, total proteins and gammaglobulin levels.
Treatment of primary gout: The present status (The W. Paul Holbrook Memorial Lecture)
Authors: Gutman Alexander B.
Published: February 2007

The following article was delivered by Dr. Gutman as the W. Paul Holbrook Memorial Lecture at the annual meeting of the Arthritis and Rheumatism Association, in June, 1965, a variation in lay terms having been presented at the annual meeting of The Arthritis Foundation in October, 1964. It is one of two memorial lectureships established by The Arthritis Foundation to honor physicians who have made outstanding contributions to the field of rheumatology with the objective, as well, of encouraging interest among all physicians and scientists in the field of rheumatic diseases. The other lecture, in honor of Walter Bauer, was delivered by Halstead R. Holman at the interim meeting of the ARA in December, 1964. The lectureship awards are part of the National Scientific Awards Program of The Arthritis Foundation.
The osteoporosis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Duncan Howard , Frost Harold M. , Villanueva Antonio R. , Sigler John W.
Published: February 2007

A metabolic bone disturbance has been demonstrated in all of seven patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis of six months to twenty years duration. All patients were receiving salicylate therapy alone while two had received corticosteroids four years before this study. A new quantitative and qualitative histological study of the cytodynamics of bone was used. The evidence suggests that an active diffuse demineralization was present in all patients, and was related directly to the disease process itself or to its therapy.
Hyperuricemia, acute gout, renal insufficiency and urate nephrolithiasis due to starvation
Authors: Drenick Ernst J.
Published: February 2007

The levels of uric acid in the serum and the excretion in the urine was measured in a group of 43 obese individuals who starved for prolonged periods and were then fed low calorie diets. Many obese patients were noted to have abnormally high serum uric acid levels initially. With starvation, marked hyperuricemia occurred due to impaired renal clearance. Four patients developed gout. Renal clearance was improved with the administration of probenecid and gout did not occur in the treated patients. The sudden excretion of large amounts of uric acid when hyperuricemic patients were given probenecid led to the development of uric acid calculi in one subject. Feeding of protein or carbohydrate resulted in a reduction of starvation ketosis and serum uric acid levels while improving renal uric acid clearance.
The nature of phospholipids in normal and rachitic costochondral plates
Authors: Howell David S. , Marquez Juan F. , Pita Julio C.
Published: February 2007

Interest in fundamental biochemical processes of mineralization in osteoid led to a study of rachitic calf costal junctions in respect to a profile of phospholipids. Currently, chloroformmethanol extracts of rachitic and normal costochondral junctions were applied to thin‐layer silica gel chromatograms, and the phospholipids thereby separated were quantitated in terms of phosphorus content of the eluted spots. Striking differences between normal and rachitic tissues were found in respect to this profile of phospholipids.
Psychological factors in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cleveland Sidney E. , Rezitman E. Edward , Brewer Earl J.
Published: February 2007

The results of this study offer hypotheses concerning the interplay of psychological factors and chronic somatic illness. Leads for further research include examination of the psychological effects of prolonged immobilization and the differential response of arthritic children to immobilization. Another avenue for study involved the attitudes of the children and their families to chronic illness and the relationship of these attitudes to treatment response. These and other leads emerging from this pilot study will now be pursued in a larger and more systematic research program employing an appropriate control group.
The Distribution of Rheumatoid Factor and Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Families of Blackfeet and Pima Indians
Authors: Bennett P. H. , Burch T. A.
Published: February 2007

An analysis of the distribution of RF and RA among the families of the Pima and Blackfeet Indians has shown evidence of familial aggregation of positive bentonite flocculation tests and RA within a single generation in the Pima tribe. No evidence could be found that these characteristics were determined by hereditary factors. The data suggest that RF (BFT) and possibly RA were determined by environmental factors in the Pima Indians, but no direct evidence of this could be found in the Blackfeet tribe. It is postulated that RF and RA may be determined by environmental factors operating maximally during the period of infancy, childhood or adolescence.
Skeletal muscle involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
Authors: Medsger Thomas A. , Rodnan Gerald P. , Moossy John , Vester John W.
Published: February 2007

53 patients with typical PSS were examined for evidence of muscle weakness, abnormal serum enzymes, disturbances in urinary creatine and creatinine, and histopathologic alterations in skeletal muscle tissue. The majority was found to have clinical and biochemical features of primary myopathy. Microscopic involvement of muscle fibers or interstitium was present in 14 of 36 cases; the most consistent abnormality was interstitial fibrosis. This muscle involvement is considered an important feature in the course of PSS.