bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of wearable devices for monitoring cardiometabolic dysfunction under the exposome paradigm
Authors: Zhang Haodong , Hu Lingming , Zheng Pai , Jia Guang
Published: March 2023

Environmental factors, including chemical/physical pollutants, as well as lifestyle and psychological factors, contribute greatly to the pathways leading to cardiometabolic diseases with a heavy disease burden and economic loss. The concept of exposomes provides a novel paradigm for combining all exposure characteristics to evaluate disease risk. A solution‐like exposome requires technological support to provide continuous data to monitor vital signs and detect abnormal fluctuations. Wearable devices allow people to conveniently monitor signals during their daily routines. These new technologies empower users to more actively prevent and manage cardiometabolic disease by reviewing risk factors of the disease, especially lifestyle factors, such as sleeping time, screen time, and mental health condition. Devices with multiple sensors can monitor electrocardiography data, oxygen saturation, intraocular pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate to enhance the exposome study and provide precise suggestions for disease prevention and management.
Electrooxidation of the Glycerol Derivative Solketal over Cu−Co Hydroxycarbonates to Enable the Synthesis of Glyceric Acid
Authors: Kumari Bhawana , Braun Michael , Cychy Steffen , Sanjuán Ignacio , Behrendt Gereon , Behrens Malte , Muhler Martin , Andronescu Corina
Published: March 2023

The glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) has high potential in substituting the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in electrochemical water splitting, enabling the synthesis of value‐added organic products. The Cu‐rich Cu−Co hydroxycarbonates show high activity in GOR and promote formate production but undergo severe Cu leaching in the presence of deprotonated glycerol. In this work, the electrooxidation of solketal (SOR), acetal‐protected glycerol, is explored over a series of Cu−Co hydroxycarbonates, to promote the formation of glycerol‐derived C3 products, such as glyceric acid, with faradaic efficiencies of around 70 %, and to limit the Cu leaching from the catalyst. The competition between OER and SOR was evaluated using rotating disk electrodes and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. Insights into the solketal de‐acetalization as a function of potential are obtained using in situ spectroscopic methods. The solketal/OH− ratio influences the reaction selectivity, with oxalate production increasing when 7 m KOH is used instead of 1 m KOH.
Lightweight diamond/Cu interface tuning for outstanding heat conduction
Authors: Dou Wenjie , Zhu Congxu , Wu Xiwang , Yang Xun , Fa Wenjun , Zhang Yange , Tong Junfeng , Zhu Guangshan , Zheng Zhi
Published: March 2023

With rapid developments in the field of very large‐scale integrated circuits, heat dissipation has emerged as a significant factor that restricts the high‐density integration of chips. Due to their high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient, diamond/Cu composites have attracted considerable attention as a promising thermal management material. In this study, a surface tungsten carbide gradient layer coating of diamond particles has been realized using comprehensive magnetron sputtering technology and a heat treatment process. Diamond/Cu composites were prepared using high‐temperature and high‐pressure technology. The results show that, by adjusting the heat treatment process, tungsten carbide and di‐tungsten carbide are generated by an in situ reaction at the tungsten–diamond interface, and W–WC–W2C gradient layer‐coated diamond particles were obtained. The diamond/Cu composites were sintered by high‐temperature and high‐pressure technology, and the density of surface‐modified diamond/Cu composites was less than 4 g cm−3. The W–WC–W2C@diamond/Cu composites have a thermal diffusivity as high as 331 mm2 s−1, and their thermal expansion coefficient is as low as 1.76 × 10−6 K−1. The interface coherent structure of the gradient layer‐coated diamond/copper composite can effectively improve the interface heat transport efficiency.
Agronomic and structural responses of stockpiled alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures
Authors: Vasco A. C. C. M. , Silva L. S. , Burt J. C. , Mason K. , Mullenix M. K. , Prevatt C. , Tucker J. J.
Published: March 2023

The incorporation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) into bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] forage systems in the southern United States has increased. Stockpiling this mixture may extend the grazing season into the fall and winter months with high‐quality forage. The objective of this 2‐year study was to evaluate agronomic and structural responses of alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures managed under five stockpiling periods (6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 weeks) in two locations (Shorter, AL, and Tifton, GA). Across locations, stockpiling mixtures for 8 weeks or longer (2400 lb DM ac−1, on average) resulted in greater (P = 0.001) herbage accumulation than 6 weeks (3185 lb DM ac−1). The alfalfa proportion was similar among stockpiling periods in Shorter but greater (P = 0.043) at 10 and 14 weeks than 6, 8, and 12 weeks in Tifton. A location × year × stockpiling interaction was observed for crude protein (CP, P < 0.001) and in vitro true dry matter digestibility over 48 h (IVTDMD48, P < 0.001). Crude protein concentrations were similar among stockpiling periods in 2020 in both locations. In 2019, however, CP concentrations reduced with increasing stockpiling period length in Shorter and were similar among treatments in Tifton, except for the lesser CP at 8 than at 10, 12, and 14, weeks. Forage IVTDMD48 concentrations declined with increasing stockpiling period length at both locations, with a more pronounced decline in Shorter in 2019. Results suggest that stockpiling alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures for up to 8 weeks is a viable option to supply high nutritive value forage and lower lodging losses into the early winter months.
A concise review on recent advances in catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation
Authors: Behera Priyanka , Ramakrishna Duggirala S. , Chandrasekhar Manchikanti M. , Kothakapu Sridhar Reddy
Published: March 2023

Accounts on the recent (over the past 10 years) catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation reaction‐based achievements with different catalysts to generate natural products and synthetic targets such as fragrances, pharmaceutical agents, and agrochemicals are mentioned in this present concise review. Mechanistic steps, chemoselectivity with higher functional group tolerance by employing transition metal‐based chiral catalysts (Ir‐, Rh‐, Ni‐, Ru‐, Fe‐, Mn‐, Pd‐, Co‐, and Zn‐based organometallic chiral complexes), and biocatalysts and their importance on the genesis of chirality coupled with higher turnover numbers are also described.
Targeting lysosomal HSP70 induces acid sphingomyelinase‐mediated disturbance of lipid metabolism and leads to cell death in T cell malignancies
Authors: Qing Yingjie , Guo Yongjian , Zhao Qinwen , Hu Po , Li Hui , Yu Xiaoxuan , Zhu Mengyuan , Wang Hongzheng , Wang Zhanyu , Xu Jingyan , Guo Qinglong , Hui Hui
Published: March 2023

Background

T cell malignancies proliferate vigorously, are highly dependent on lysosomal function, with limited therapeutic options. Deregulation of lysosomal structure and function has been confirmed to be a key role in the treatment of hematologic malignant disease.

Methods

Cell counting kit 8 and Annexin V/PI staining were used to assess the cell viability and apoptosis rate. Flow cytometry, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, immunofluorescence and western blot were performed to detect the effect on lysosomes. Drug affinity responsive target stability, molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay were employed to confirm the target protein of V8 on lysosomes. A xenograft model was constructed inNOD/SCIDmice to assess the effect and mechanism.

Results

V8, a new lysosomotropic compound, could be rapidly trapped by lysosomes and accumulation in lysosomes, contributing to lysosomal‐dependent cell death by evoking lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), accompanied with disrupted lysosome and autophagic flux. Mechanistically, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was identified as the binding target of V8 in lysosome. As a downstream effect of targeting HSP70, enzymatic activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) was inhibited, which induced disturbance of lipid metabolism, instability of lysosomal membrane, and leakage of cathepsin B and D, leading to LMP‐mediated cell death. In vivo study showed V8 well controlled the growth of the tumour and confirmed lysosomal cell death induced by V8.

Conclusions

Collectively, this study suggests targeting lysosomal HSP70‐ASM axis by V8 illustrates the great value of drug therapy for T cell malignancies and the unlimited potential of lysosomal targeting for cancer therapy.
A modified whale‐dragonfly algorithm and self‐adaptive cuckoo search‐based clustering strategy for augmenting network lifetime in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Pratha Sebasthiyar Jaya , Asanambigai Valayapathy , Mugunthan Seenapuram Rajan
Published: March 2023

Designing an energy efficient and durable wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a key challenge as it personifies potential and reactive functionalities in harsh antagonistic environment at which wired system deployment is completely infeasible. Majority of the clustering mechanisms contributed to the literature concentrated on augmenting network lifetime and energy stability. However, energy consumption incurred by cluster heads (CHs) are high and thereby results in minimized network lifetime and frequent CHs selection. In this paper, a modified whale‐dragonfly optimization algorithm and self‐adaptive cuckoo search‐based clustering strategy (MWIDOA‐SACS) is proposed for sustaining energy stability and augment network lifetime. In specific, MWIDOA‐SACS is included for exploiting the fitness values that aids in determining two optimal nodes that are selected as optimal CH and cluster router (CR) nodes in the network. In MWIDOA, the search conduct of dragon flies is completely updated through whale optimization algorithm (WOA) for preventing load balancing at CHs. It minimized the overhead of CH by adopting CHs and CR for collecting information from cluster members and transmitting the aggregated data from CHs to the base station (BS). It included self‐adaptive cuckoo search (SACS) for achieving sink mobility using radius, energy stability, received signal strength, and throughput for achieving optimal data transmission process after partitioning the network into unequal clusters. Simulation experiments of the proposed MWIDOA‐SACS confirmed better performance in terms of total residual energy by 21.28% and network lifetime by 26.32%, compared to the competitive CH selection strategies.
Association of elevated mid‐pregnancy maternal plasma ferritin concentrations and triglyceride concentrations with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kong Man , Zhong Chunrong , Gao Qin , Zhou Xuezhen , Chen Renjuan , Xiong Guoping , Hao Liping , Yang Xuefeng , Lu Zhongxin , Yang Nianhong
Published: March 2023

Objective

Ferritin levels are well known to be associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the association of the combination of ferritin and triglyceride (TG) levels in early mid‐pregnancy with GDM has not been studied in depth. We investigated the independent and combined relationships of plasma ferritin and TG concentrations with the risk of GDM as well as the mediation effect of TG on ferritin.

Methods

We analysed 2071 pregnant women from the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort who had their plasma ferritin and TG concentrations measured at 11–20 weeks of gestation. Associations between ferritin and TG concentrations and GDM risk were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. Youden's index was calculated to find the cut‐off values of ferritin and TG by ROC curve analysis. The mediation effect of the TG concentration on the ferritin level with GDM risk was explored by a mediation analysis.

Results

A total of 264 (12.3%) participants developed GDM. The median and IQR of ferritin was 53.9 (30.5–92.7) ng/mL. After adjusting for potential confounders, the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals of GDM were 2.19 (1.42, 3.39) for ferritin and 2.02 (1.37, 2.97) for TG. The adjusted RR for combination was 2.40 (1.62, 3.55). Moreover, we found that the TG concentration mediated 15.0% of the total effect of the ferritin concentration on the risk of GDM.

Conclusions

Women with a combination of both high plasma ferritin (˃55.7 ng/mL) and high TG (˃1.9 mmoL/L) were at the highest risk of GDM. Additionally, we have revealed for the first time that an elevated maternal TG concentration in early pregnancy mediates the relationship between ferritin concentration and GDM risk.

Trial registration

This trial is registered at https://ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03099837.
Iron‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Indole‐Tethered Alkene Enables Synthesis of CF3‐Containing Spiroindolenines and Tetrahydrocarbazoles
Authors: Zhao Yilin , Hou Tingting , Zhang Liming , Wang Xue , Hou Jingli , Liu Yangping , Han Guifang , Song Yuguang
Published: March 2023

An iron‐catalyzed trifluoromethylation of indole‐tethered alkene with Togni's reagent to construct CF3‐containing spiro[indole‐3,3′‐pyrrolidine] and tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives under mild and convenient conditions has been disclosed. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceed through a CF3 radical addition to the alkene, followed by sequential dearomatizing spiocyclization of the indole and oxidation to afford the spiro[indole‐3,3′‐pyrrolidine] derivatives. Meanwhile, when the substituent at the C2 position of the indole is hydrogen, the CF3‐containing tetrahydrocarbazole is obtained through trifluoromethylation of alkene and cyclization of indole.
The role of risk measures in relating earthquake risks at building and portfolio levels
Authors: Bodenmann Lukas , Broccardo Marco , Galanis Panagiotis , Stojadinović Božidar
Published: March 2023

The potentially large spatial footprint of earthquake disasters and the increased concentration of population and values in dense urban areas call for an explicit consideration of seismic risk at a regional, building portfolio level. The relation between the building‐level seismic risk and the portfolio‐level seismic risk is helpful if one wants to meet a specific regional seismic risk tolerance level by specifying seismic risk targets for individual buildings. We examine four types of common risk measures and point to the importance of subadditivity, a risk measure mathematical property, for deriving a conservative upper‐bound relation between the building‐specific and the building portfolio seismic risks. Subadditive risk measures, such as the Expected Shortfall, allow estimates of conservative upper bounds of the portfolio‐level seismic risk. In a case study, we show that nonsubadditive risk measures commonly used in earthquake engineering can lead to counter‐intuitive and nonconservative perceptions of the regional seismic risk, especially when one extrapolates from individual buildings to the entire building portfolio. We also illustrate the advantages of subadditive risk measures for regional seismic risk assessment.
Techno‐economic assessment of evacuated flat‐plate solar collector system for industrial process heat
Authors: Hassan Zohaib , Mahmood Mariam , Ahmed Naveed , Saeed Muhammad H. , Khan Rashid , Abbas Muhammad Mujtaba , Kalam Md Abul , Almomani Fares , Abdelsalam Emad
Published: March 2023

In the industrial sector, hot water applications constitute a significant share of final energy consumption. This creates a wide demand‐supply energy gap that must be bridged by integrating renewable sources with conventional fuels. This paper presents the performance analysis of a solar water heating system based on an evacuated flat‐plate collector (EFPC) with a surface area of 4 m2. A water–glycol mixture was used as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) with mass flow rates of 0.03, 0.0336, and 0.0504 kg/s under a vacuum pressure of –0.8 bar created inside the collector. A detailed numerical model was developed in MATLAB for the proposed EFPC system, followed by experimental validation. A maximum root mean square error of 2.81 for the absorber temperature and a percentage error of 6.62 was observed for the thermal efficiency in model validation. This substantiates the model's capability to predict actual system performance with reasonable accuracy. The maximum thermal efficiency of the EFPC is 78% with a maximum fluid outlet temperature of 98°C in June and 69°C in January. The maximum useful energy extracted is 1300 W in January. Additionally, the effect of design parameters on system performance such as mass flow rates, collector areas, tube spacing, and different HTF mixtures is simulated. Lastly, an economic analysis of the EFPC was conducted for hot water demand in a textile industry. The results revealed a payback period of 7.4 years, which highlights the feasibility of this system.
Design and analysis of cryogenic CO2 separation from a CO2‐rich mixture
Authors: Lin Mingzhen , Zhang Yilong , Yan Guanghong , Yu Pengpeng , Duan Shiwen , Chen Hongfu , Han Juanjuan
Published: March 2023

In this study, we designed and optimized the main process for CO2 cryogenic separation and purification as well as the auxiliary process of refrigeration with ammonia, both these processes are modeled using Aspen HYSYS V11. The energy‐saving potential and greenhouse gas emission reduction potential of the process flow were analyzed using the Aspen Energy Analyzer V11. The effects of the plant inlet pressure, cooling temperature, tower pressure, and number of stages on two key parameters (energy consumption per unit of product and CO2 recovery rate) were studied in detail. Simultaneously, the appropriate design parameters of the plant were obtained, and the reason for the variation law was analyzed. Finally, grey relational analysis was used to explore the correlation between the influence factors and key parameters, indicating that the number of stages has the largest impact on the CO2 recovery rate and the energy consumption per unit of product, whereas tower pressure and cooling temperature have the least impact on the CO2 recovery rate and energy consumption per unit of product, respectively.
Fire‐suppression efficiency and extinguishing mechanisms of calcium acetate using heptane cup‐burner flames
Authors: Koshiba Yusuke , Hirakawa Yuichi
Published: March 2023

To address the global requirement for a phosphorus‐free fire‐extinguishing agent, this study elucidated the ability of calcium acetate to extinguish cup‐burner flames. The inhibition efficiency of calcium acetate powder (<50 μm) was compared with that of silica‐uncoated ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (<50 μm), a chemical contained in agents used in typical ABC fire extinguishers. Calcium oxide and calcium carbonate powders were also used to investigate the suppression mechanisms of calcium acetate. The cup‐burner experiments demonstrated that (i) calcium acetate, calcium hydroxide, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate could extinguish cup‐burner flames; (ii) calcium carbonate could not extinguish cup‐burner flames; and (iii) the fire‐suppression ability of calcium acetate was higher than that of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, which was in turn higher than that of calcium hydroxide. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and X‐ray diffraction measurements revealed that, although the calcium‐compound powders decomposed and produced calcium oxide during flame extinction, significant differences existed among the fire inhibition efficiencies of the calcium compounds. TG and particle‐size measurements proved that the high fire‐suppression ability of calcium acetate resulted from the high ability of calcium acetate to generate inert gases during its decomposition, which diluted the oxygen concentration, thereby extinguishing the fires.
Impact of infrared heating on drying properties and flavor components of carmine radish (Raphanus sativus L.) slices
Authors: Tao Tingting , Wang Yan , Gao Jian , Yan Wei , Liu Qiang , Zhang Zihan , Ding Chao
Published: March 2023

Infrared (IR) drying is an effective method for the preservation and processing of carmine radish (Raphanus sativus L.). This study aimed to investigate the effects of different IR radiation intensities (2125, 2780, and 3358 W/m2) on the drying properties and flavor components of carmine radish slices. As the IR radiation intensity and the drying temperature increased, the total drying time, the moisture content, and the dehydration rate reduced continuously, while the hardness of carmine radish slices decreased and then increased. Drying at a radiation intensity of 2780 and 3358 W/m2 reduced 50% and 70% of the drying time compared to that of 2125 W/m2, respectively. Flavor components of carmine radish showed apparent changes during the IR drying process with a radiation intensity of 2125 W/m2. IR drying at a lower intensity was beneficial to the retention of volatile flavor components. The retention of volatile substances at an intensity of 2125 W/m2 for 15 min was 1.97 and 1.68 times that for 30 min and control samples, respectively. Consequently, to retain good processing quality and flavor properties of carmine radish slices, the optimal drying parameter of IR within this study was an IR radiation intensity of 2125 W/m2 for about 15 min.
VIM::KMT2A‐rearranged sarcomas: A report of two new cases confirming an entity with distinct histologic features
Authors: Almohsen Shahd S. , Griffin Anthony M. , Dickson Brendan C. , Demicco Elizabeth G.
Published: March 2023

The recently described KMT2A‐rearranged sarcomas are rare emerging entities where the KMT2A gene fuses with YAP1 and, less commonly, VIM, resulting in two distinct morphologies. Unlike the sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma‐like features that characterize tumors with KMT2A::YAP1 fusions, VIM::KMT2A‐rearranged sarcomas are more uniformly cellular and lack the extensively sclerotic background seen in the former. Most tumors behave aggressively with metastases on presentation. Here, we describe the clinicopathologic and molecular findings in two additional cases of VIM::KMT2A rearranged sarcomas that arose in the deep soft tissues of adult males. Both tumors were composed of hypercellular fascicles of uniform spindle cells with pale eosinophilic cytoplasm and ovoid nuclei. The stroma had scant delicate collagen with occasional thin‐walled ectatic blood vessels and perivascular hyalinization. Immunohistochemical studies showed an unspecific staining pattern with diffuse positivity for CD99 and BCL2 and variable staining for S100 protein. RNA‐sequencing detected the presence of VIM::KMT2A gene fusion involving VIM exon 4 and KMT2A exon 2 in both cases. Sarcomas with VIM::KMT2A gene fusions seem to have sufficient morphologic features to warrant distinction from KMT2A‐rearranged sarcomas with YAP1 partner. Without the benefit of molecular testing, these tumors pose a diagnostic challenge due to their lack of specific immunohistochemical profile and great morphologic overlap with other monomorphic spindle cell neoplasms.
A carbon dioxide huff and puff project at a mature heavy oil Field in Dagang, China
Authors: Gao Chang Hong , Ji Chuan Yao
Published: March 2023

Carbon dioxide has been proved an effective agent to enhance recovery for relatively light crude oil, but its applications in heavy oil are very limited. This short communication presents field trials of CO2 huff and puff at Dagang, a heavy oil field in Northeast China. Two wells received CO2 injection, and both wells saw higher oil output and lower water‐cut after CO2 treatment. This project proves CO2 is effective for heavy oil recovery. Recommendations are also made for future CO2 huff and puff projects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of lithology in lacustrine carbonates using well logs: The Cretaceous Barra Velha Formation in Santos Basin, offshore Brazil
Authors: Wang Hongping , Zhang Mei , Fan Guozhang , Xiao Lu , Zuo Guoping , Yang Liu , Pang Xu , Wang Chaofeng , Zhang Yonggang
Published: March 2023

Abundant hydrocarbons have been produced from the pre‐salt lacustrine carbonates of the Cretaceous Barra Velha Formation in the Santos Basin of offshore Brazil. The highly heterogeneous lithology and pore systems make it difficult to predict the reservoir quality via petrophysical well logs. Core description, computed tomography (CT) scanning, thin sections and wireline well logs are utilized to characterize the lithology, pore spaces are reservoir quality of the Cretaceous Barra Velha Formation pre‐salt lacustrine carbonates in the Santos Basin. The results show that the lithology mainly includes shrubstone, grainstone, laminated micrite and massive micrite. The pore systems are dominated by secondary pores, such as intergranular pores, dissolution pores and intercrystalline pores as well as modified primary pores. Geological well logs (conventional well logs, electrical and sonic image logs and nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] logs) are integrated to build the predictable models of the carbonate reservoirs. The shrubstone, which is dominated by intergranular pores, has the highest reservoir quality, which can be derived from NMR logs. Grainstone contains both primary intergranular pores and abundant secondary dissolution pores. The laminated and massive micrite contain only micropores and therefore have the lowest reservoir quality. Lastly, conventional well logs integrated with electrical and sonic image logs are utilized to predict the distribution of lithology and reservoir quality in single wells, and the results are testified by the NMR log data. The shrubstone and grainstone are future exploration targets of the Cretaceous Barra Velha Formation in the Santos Basin. The results are hoped to give insights into the petrophysical behaviours of various lithologies, and provide theoretical and technical guidance for reservoir evaluation and prediction.
Sleeping accommodations for researchers increase the likelihood of biodiversity inventories in protected areas
Authors: Ferreira Gabrielly P. , Antunes Alexsander Z. , Campagnoli Mariana L. , Christianini Alexander V.
Published: March 2023

Biodiversity assessments are important for successful conservation initiatives. However, many protected areas (PAs) still have no biodiversity inventories of important species‐rich taxa, such as invertebrates, that deliver important ecosystem services (e.g., pollination, nutrient cycling) or are biological indicators. Here, we investigated if the likelihood of having arthropod inventories in PAs (state parks) was influenced by PA size, date of PA creation, distance to the nearest university, main vegetation type (forest/savanna), and availability of accommodations for researchers by inspecting management plans from 61 PAs in southeastern Brazil. Only 13 PAs (22%) had arthropod inventories considered in park management plans. The availability of accommodations for researchers was the only variable influencing the likelihood of a PA to have arthropod inventories. A modest investment (around US$35,000 in Brazil) is required to make accommodations available for researchers in a PA and may positively impact information acquisition that is key to planning and protecting biodiversity.
Adolescents' stress and depressive symptoms and their associations with psychological flexibility before educational transition
Authors: Puolakanaho Anne , Muotka Joona S. , Lappalainen Raimo , Lappalainen Päivi , Hirvonen Riikka , Kiuru Noona
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Relatively little is known about individual differences in adolescent psychological flexibility and its associations with symptoms of stress and depression. This study examined different profiles of adolescent stress and depressive symptoms and their associations with developing psychological flexibility before the critical educational transition.

Methods

The data were derived from a general sample of 740 Finnish ninth‐grade adolescents (Mage = 15.7 years, 57% female) who were assessed twice during the final grade of their basic education. The data were analyzed using growth mixture modeling.

Results

Four profiles of stress and depressive symptoms were identified during a school year: (1) no stress and no depressive symptoms (None; 69%); (2) mild and decreasing stress and depressive symptoms (Decreasing; 15%); (3) low but increasing stress and depressive symptoms (Increasing; 6%); and (4) high and stable levels of stress and depressive symptoms (High; 10%). The adolescents in these profiles differed from each other in their initial levels and changes of psychological flexibility. The initial level of psychological flexibility was highest in the no‐symptom profile group. We observed simultaneous change trends in symptoms and psychological flexibility during a school year. When symptoms decreased, psychological flexibility increased, and when symptoms increased, psychological flexibility decreased.

Conclusions

A bidirectional pattern of relationships between psychological flexibility and psychological symptoms was found. Despite initially high level of skills in psychological flexibility, some adolescents, unexpectedly, experienced increased symptoms of stress and depression during the school year. The results call for further studies to explore in‐depth the developmental diversity in adolescents' well‐being and its antecedents.
Synthesis and performance evaluation of chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposite as a highly efficient adsorbent in the removal of reactive red 198 from water
Authors: Amirmahani Najmeh , Mahdizadeh Hakimeh , Seyedi Neda , Nasiri Alireza , Yazdanpanah Ghazal
Published: March 2023

In this study, Chitosan and Chitosan‐zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite were prepared and applied as a low‐cost adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for removing reactive red 198 (RR 198) dye from contaminated water. After preparation, it was characterized using FT‐IR, XRD, and SEM. The effect of pH, temperature, time, adsorbent amount, and initial dye concentration were investigated in the removal efficiency of RR 198. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) obtained from the Langmuir equation was 172.41 mg/g in adsorbent dose of 0.1 g/L, pH: 4, temperature of 25°C, adsorption time of 40 min. The thermodynamic parameters demonstrated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Due to the high efficiency of chitosan/ZnO nanocomposite in removal of RR 198 from water and advantages such as high adsorption capacity, simple synthesis, and easy application, it can be used as an effective method in the removal of RR 198 from water.
“Hope for a better tomorrow”: Using photovoice to understand how Arab adolescents enact critical consciousness
Authors: Smith‐Appelson Jesse , Belgrade Andrea , Saleem Noor , Ali Ali , Seff Ilana , Stark Lindsay
Published: March 2023

We explore how Arab adolescents enact critical consciousness to improve their lives and better their community. Eleven first‐ and second‐generation Arab adolescents participated in a Photovoice study and were asked to reflect on and take photos that represented their well‐being, daily life, and sense of belonging and community. The participants discussed their photos over multiple group reflection sessions. Thematic analysis highlights how Arab adolescents make positive change in their community, aided by their connections to community, their awareness of structural challenges they and their communities face, and their sense of agency to make positive change. We contribute to the literature by offering a window into the lived experiences of critical consciousness among Arab adolescents, an underrepresented group in the critical consciousness literature. We also add to the growing body of evidence that highlights the importance of “everyday activism” when considering social change actions.
Role of adipocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles during the progression of liver inflammation to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Vp Venkateish , Kannan Anbarasu , Perumal Madan Kumar
Published: March 2023

Extracellular vesicles are membrane‐bound cargos that vary in size and are stably transported through various bodily fluids. Extracellular vesicles communicate information between the cells and organs. Extracellular vesicles from the diseased cells alter cellular responses of the recipient cells contributing to disease progression. In obesity, adipocytes become hypertrophic and the extracellular vesicles from these dysfunctional adipocytes showed altered cargo contents instigating pathophysiological response leading to chronic liver diseases. In this review, the role of adipocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles on the progression of liver inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are extensively discussed. Newer approaches are crucial to take advantage of extracellular vesicles and their content as biomarkers to diagnose initial liver inflammation before reaching to an irreversible liver failure stage.
Zeolite ZSM‐5 synthesized from natural silica sources and its applications: a critical review
Authors: Nguyen Duy‐Khoi , Dinh Van‐Phuc , Nguyen Hung Q. , Hung Nguyen T.
Published: March 2023

As a well‐known porous inorganic material formed of aluminosilicate structures, Zeolit Socony Mobil Number 5 (ZSM‐5) zeolite has been widely used for various applications, especially oil‐chemical conversion processes and environmental pollution treatment. This study provides an overview of the natural sources as well as the role and categorization of structural compounds used for the synthesis of ZSM‐5. Overall, clay, natural minerals, or leftovers from agricultural and industrial activities (all of which offer several advantages, such as low cost, availability, and environmental friendliness) have been used to manufacture ZSM‐5. Moreover, green structural directing agents (known as soft templates) have been increasingly employed to replace pure chemicals in the production of ZSM‐5, aiming to decrease unexpected effects on the environment. This research orientates the production of ZSM‐5 zeolite on a low‐cost and environmentally friendly industrial scale. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Sleep disturbance as transdiagnostic mediator between adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology in children and adolescents: A structural equation modeling meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Jianlin , Teh Wen Lin , Tan Rachel Hsiao Shen , Tan Yoke Boon , Tang Charmaine , Chandwani Nisha , Subramaniam Mythily
Published: March 2023

Background

Increasing research efforts have focused on understanding why some individuals develop severe psychopathology after exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Sleep disturbances (insomnia, nightmares, and sleep disorders) are prevalent sequelae of ACEs and associated with psychopathology; however, there is no meta‐analytic evidence on whether sleep disturbance functions as a transdiagnostic mediator in the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology (internalizing/externalizing disorders and psychosis) in children and adolescents.

Methods

Systematic searches in three databases (PubMed; PsycINFO; Web of Science) identified 98 articles (N = 402,718; age range 1–17 years) and the present study used a novel two‐stage meta‐analytic structural equation model to investigate whether ACEs predict psychopathology through sleep disturbance. Subgroup analyses determined potential biases due to study design (cross‐sectional vs. longitudinal) and geographical differences (Western vs. non‐Western countries). Sensitivity analyses evaluated the influence of early childhood (<5 years old) and overlapping symptoms (i.e., nightmares and trauma symptoms) on model stability.

Results

The pooled correlations among ACEs, sleep disturbance, and psychopathology were significant; the effect sizes ranged from moderate to high (r = 0.21 to r = 0.29). The indirect effect from ACEs via sleep disturbance to psychopathology was significant (β = 0.05, 95% CI [0.04, 0.06]). The direct effect of ACEs on psychopathology was significant (β = 0.18, 95% CI 0.13–0.24). Subgroup analyses revealed larger effects for cross‐sectional studies than longitudinal studies (Δ χ2 (3) = 9.71, p = 0.021). Sensitivity analyses revealed stable and consistent results.

Conclusions

The present meta‐analytic results indicate that sleep disturbance is a transdiagnostic mediator in the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology among children and adolescents. Further research is required to determine the synergistic effects between sleep disturbance and other risk mechanisms, and elucidate the complex pathways that lead to disorder in the aftermath of childhood adversities.
Developmental performance of Eristalis tenax larvae (Diptera: Syrphidae): Influence of growth media and yeast addition during captive rearing
Authors: Kamdem Michel Mathurin , Otomo Patricks Voua
Published: March 2023

In holometabolous insects, life‐history characteristics can vary in response to diet. The main aim of this contribution was to examine which diet best promotes larval development and survival of the aquatic saprophagous hoverfly Eristalis tenax L. (Diptera: Syrphidae). This study was motivated by a need to optimize techniques for rearing these insects in captivity. We studied how adding yeast to several rearing media based on animal droppings or decaying plant material affected development and survival in captive larvae, and whether these effects could be optimized depending on the amount of yeast and the rearing medium. In addition, premature exit of larvae was examined in two medium volumes to investigate differences in pupation. Larvae in yeast supplemented rabbit growth medium pupated and emerged faster than those in horse and antelope growth media. A high number of adult females emerged when compared to males, and both seemed to have a shorter developmental period in yeast supplemented growth media. Pupal survival was significantly greater in a mixture of droppings and plant organic matter, and a high medium volume of 140 ml (p < 0.05). Between 10% and 17% of larvae prematurely exited the aquatic medium in high (140) and low (70 ml) medium volumes, respectively. These results provide additional information that may be crucial for the successful mass rearing of E. tenax in captivity, and suggest that apart from the addition of yeast, growth medium quality and volume may be limiting factors for the production of large colonies of adults.
From the laboratory to the field: Chemical analysis of colored smoke pyrotechnic formulations via mass spectrometry techniques
Authors: Fedick Patrick W. , Thoreson Kelly M. , Wilkins Benjamin P. , Papenmeier Douglas M. , Bohrer Brian C. , Dilger Jonathan M.
Published: March 2023

Smoke dyes are complex molecular systems that have the potential to form many molecular derivatives and fragments when deployed. The chemical analysis of smoke samples is challenging due to the adiabatic temperature of the pyrotechnic combustion and the molecular complexity of the physically dispersed reaction products. Presented here is the characterization of the reaction byproducts of a simulant Mk124 smoke signal on a multigram scale, which contain the dye disperse red 9 (1‐(methylamino)anthraquinone), by ambient ionization mass spectrometry. Our previous work has examined the thermal decomposition of a simplified smoke system consisting of disperse red 9, potassium chlorate, and sucrose by anaerobic pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry performed at the laboratory milligram scale. The results from the lab scale test were compared with a fully functioned Mk124 in the field. To achieve this, Mk124 smokes were functioned in the presence of sampling swabs that collected byproduct residues from the smoke plume in the ambient environment. These swabs were then analyzed using ambient ionization mass spectrometry to identify the expended pyrotechnic residues, with particular interest in halogenated species. Previous work determined the toxicity of unforeseen byproducts identified on the laboratory scale, which were also detected in the field demonstrating the correlation of the laboratory testing to the fielded systems. By understanding the chemical composition of smokes and their reaction products, potential toxicity effects can be easily assessed, leading to safer formulations with improved performance. These results can help assess how smoke byproducts may impact Warfighter performance, personnel health, and the environment.
Porokeratosis plantaris palmaris et disseminata with pruritic inflammatory changes
Authors: Hayashi Kei , Iinuma Shin , Ishida‐Yamamoto Akemi
Published: March 2023

Porokeratosis plantaris palmaris et disseminata (PPPD) is a rare variant of porokeratosis that begins on the palms and soles and subsequently spreads to the trunk and extremities. We report a case of PPPD with pruritic inflammatory changes in a 48‐year‐old man, presenting with a 3‐year history of pruritic papules that initially appeared on his soles and palms and later spread to his limbs as hyperkeratotic erythematous papules and confluent thick plaques. Skin biopsies revealed cornoid lamellae, along with an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes and histocytes in the upper dermis.
Equal bioavailability of omega‐3 PUFA from Calanus oil, fish oil and krill oil: A 12‐week randomized parallel study
Authors: Vosskötter Franziska , Burhop Milena , Hahn Andreas , Schuchardt Jan Philipp
Published: March 2023

The bioavailability of long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA) can be affected by the form in which they are bound. An alternative source of n3 PUFA is Calanus finmarchicus oil (CO), which, unlike fish oil (FO) and krill oil (KO), contains fatty acids primarily bound as wax esters. Recent studies have shown that n3 PUFA from CO are bioavailable to humans, but CO has not been compared to other marine oils such as FO or KO. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of 12 weeks supplementation with CO, FO and KO on the long‐term n3 PUFA status in healthy volunteers. The Omega‐3 Index (O3I), defined as red blood cell EPA + DHA content as a percentage of total identified fatty acids, was used as a measure to assess n3 PUFA status. Sixty‐two participants (mean ± standard deviation [SD] age: 29.7 ± 8.43 years) completed the randomized parallel group study (CO group: n = 21, 4 capsules/day, EPA + DHA dose: 242 mg/day; FO group: n = 22, 1 capsule/day, EPA + DHA dose: 248 mg/day; KO group: n = 19, 2 capsules/day, EPA + DHA dose: 286 mg/day). At baseline, the three groups showed comparable (mean ± SD) O3I values (CO: 5.13 ± 1.12%, FO: 4.90 ± 0.57%, KO: 4.87 ± 0.77%). The post‐interventional (mean ± SD) O3I increase was comparable between the three groups (CO: 1.09 ± 0.55%; FO: 1.0 ± 0.53%; KO: 1.15 ± 0.65%, all p < 0.001). The study confirms that CO can increase the n3 PUFA status comparable to FO and KO and is therefore an alternative marine source of bioavailable n3 PUFA, especially with regard to sustainability.
From Biomass to Bio‐Based Polymers: Exploitation of Vanillic Acid for the Design of New Copolymers with Tunable Properties
Authors: Vannini Micaela , Giacobazzi Greta , Marchese Paola , Gioia Claudio , Marega Carla , Righetti Maria Cristina , Celli Annamaria
Published: March 2023

Vanillic acid represents a potentially interesting bio‐based building block for the production of new aliphatic‐aromatic polymers, characterized by thermal properties similar to those of the analogous terephthalic polyesters. However, poly(ethylene vanillate) proved to be a very brittle material, probably due to a very high degree of crystallinity, and, then, not suitable for melt processing. Therefore, the synthesis of copolymers, based on vanillic acid and pentadecalactone is considered as a strategy to obtain new polymeric materials with a low degree of crystallinity, tunable properties, and better performances. The synthesis of these fully bio‐based random copolymers is successful. The thermal properties have been studied in order to correlate chemical structure and final performances. The polymers proved to be processable and films are obtained, suggesting possible applications of the copolymers in a new sustainable flexible packaging.
Review on Cell Structure Regulation and Performances Improvement of Porous Poly(Lactic Acid)
Authors: Hou Yangzhe , Pan Yamin , Zhou Zhenyu , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu , Liu Xianhu
Published: March 2023

Recent advances in the cell structure regulation and performances improvement of porous poly(lactic acid) materials (PPMs) are systematically reviewed in this feature article. First, the typical processing methods, including template method, non‐solvent induced phase separation, freeze–drying, and supercritical CO2 foaming, of PPMs are introduced emphatically. Their various cell morphologies by different processing methods are summarized: finger–like, honeycomb–like, fiber–like, through cell, open cell, closed cell, ball–like, and flower–like. Meanwhile, the transformation among different cell morphologies as well as the changes in cell size and cell density, having impact on the performances, is described. Second, the influence of stereo–complex crystals on the cell structure of PPMs is emphatically reviewed. Furthermore, the relationships between cell structure and properties that includes mechanical properties, thermal stability, heat insulation, and hydrophobicity, are elaborated. Eventually, the issues of PPMs worthy of further study are discussed.
Expert consensus on treatment for stage III non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Yi‐Long , Lu Shun , Zhou Qinghua , Zhang Li , Cheng Ying , Wang Jie , Wang Buhai , Hu Chengping , Lin Lizhu , Zhong Wenzhao , Song Yong , Yang Nong , Dong Xiaorong , Zhao Jian , Yang Haihong , Guo Hui , Yan Xiaolong , Liu Hongxu , Ma Rui , Lin Jie , Liu Siyang , Chen Chun , Wang Lifeng , Zhou Chengzhi , Zhou Ming , Wu Fang , Yang Xue‐Ning , Du Yingying , Yao Yu , Shao Yang , Hong Shaodong , Cui Jiuwei , Quan Xueping , Chen Rongrong , Wu Jiayan , Zhang Jiatao , Zhou Jianya , Wang Binchao , Cheng Chao , Wang Huijuan , Liu Jingjing , Wu Lin , Huang Yan , Kuang Yukun , Zhang Yongchang , Hu Jia , Yang Jinji , Feng Weineng , Su Wenmei , Fan Yun , Yang Fan , Chen Ming , Tang Kejing , Pan Yi , Shen Peng , Liu Anwen , Zhang Haibo , Liang Wenhua , Zhou Qing , Ma Zhiyong , Cai Xiuyu , Liu Hui , Chen Longfei , Chuai Shaokun , Shan Jianzhen , Zheng Yanfang , You Changxuan , Zhu Xiaoxia , Li Li , Zhang Tongmei , Tu Haiyan , Lin Wurong , Zhang Xuchao , Zhou Penghui , Ke Zunfu , Liang Huiying
Published: March 2023

Stage III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) encompasses a group of diseases with high heterogeneity. Such patients should actively receive comprehensive treatments. It is imperative for all stage III NSCLC patients to receive consultation with a multiple disciplinary team, which allows the development of a proposal for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this consensus, stage III NSCLC is divided into two types (operable and inoperable) according to different clinical conditions. Resectable NSCLC is further subdivided into two conditions (with or without driver genes). For each clinical scenario, this consensus emphasizes that the foundation of any medical decisions regarding the optimal diagnostic or therapy procedure is scientific evidence from clinical research. Finally, based on the level of evidence and strength of recommendations, this consensus provides recommendations for the management of stage III NSCLC from six perspectives. The objective of this consensus is to help clinicians choose the best treatment and promote the standardization of stage III NSCLC diagnosis and treatment in China.