bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actions with Virtual Objects on Touch Screen Devices: Analysing the Perceptual Experience of Contemporary Preschoolers
Authors: Krylova S.G. , Vodyakha Y.E.
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on the analysis of perception of virtual objects (objects of the virtual environment displayed on the screens of touch screen devices) in children of early and preschool age engaged in actions with these objects. The first part of the article reviews the psychological outcomes of a child mastering how to operate a touch screen device as a tool from the standpoint of D.B. Elkonin’s theory of child development and P.Ya. Galperin’s concept of the functional differences between a tool and a means. In the second part of the article we analyze the perceptual experience obtained by children of early and preschool age when using touchscreen devices. As we see it, the main distinguishing feature of perception of virtual objects is the discrepancy between the information received through the visual and haptic channels. We analyze the results of experimental studies that reveal the impact of this phenomenon on the process of perception of virtual objects and the extent to which the representations of virtual and real objects differ: 1) the ability of children to process haptic information, as well as to implement intermodal transfer, improves at the age of 5 to 7 years; 2) in situations of a significant discrepancy in information from different senses, children under 6 do not perform multisensory integration, but rely on one sense (usually vision). In our pilot study (17 children aged 4—5 years), a significant increase in the time of haptic recognition of a virtual object as compared to a visually perceived one (Temp = 28 at p ≤ 0.05) was detected. This can be taken as an argument in favor of the fact that children move beyond the limits of processing only visual information in situations of visual-haptic discrepancy.
A Savant Case from Turkey: Cognitive Functions and Calendar Calculation
Authors: Bicakci M. , Köksal M.S. , Baloğlu M.
Published: April 2021

The current study is the first detailed report on a savant case in Turkey. We collected data from a 25-year-old-male savant on attention span, short-term memory, working memory, autobiographical memory, overall intelligence, reading speed, text interpretation, and advanced calendar calculation. Data collection tools included the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (4th edition), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Stanford-Binet 5 Working Memory Test and Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices for assessing general intellectual functioning; the Verbal Short-Term Memory Test for assessing memory assessment; d2 for assessing attention; a structured reading text; family interview protocols; and an individual interview protocol. The savant has a composite intellectual level of 85 and was recently diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder when he was 25 years old. He evidenced limited attention span but excellent short-term memory, working memory, autobiographical memory and calendar calculation.
Challenges and Perspectives of Evidence-Based Interventions Integration into Schooling of Children with
Authors: Davydova E.Y. , Sorokin A.B. , Khaustov A.V. , Shvedovskiy E.F.
Published: April 2021

In recent decades, the importance of the problem of evidence for the effectiveness of interventions in the field of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) for researchers has increased. Presented review aims to analyze publications devoted to evidence-based studies of psycho-educational interventions, applied to children with ASD and their families. The review is structured according to the principle of targeted outcome, taking into account a set of methodological factors. Elementary-school children chosen as the main target group. The following intervention areas were selected for analysis: Modeling and Social Narratives. In order to form a sample of papers on a given topic, a search was carried out using the appropriate filtering on the base Web of Science Core Collection. The sample also contained works included in the registers of scientifically proven practices compiled by independent expert communities. The results of the analytical review showed that for the integration of these interventions into the educational process, they can be described by means of resource schemes containing target, methodological, empirical and organizational factors.
Post-Traumatic and Psychopathological Symptoms of a Person with Victim Identity Who Survived a Car Accident
Authors: Andronnikova O.O. , Zabrodin Y.M.
Published: April 2021

The paper analyzes the post-traumatic and psychopathological symptomatology of a person with victim identity in people who have survived a car accident. The article presents the materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample of people who had a car accident and who asked for psychological help for a subsequent violation of adaptation. The study involved 204 respondents aged 25 to 50 years, divided into groups based on the presence of signs of post-traumatic stress. The first group consisted of persons with pronounced post-traumatic symptoms (139 people, 78% of them are women), the second group consisted of persons without pronounced post-traumatic symptoms (65 people, 64% of women). The study used the following methods: the Questionnaire of dispositional self-attentiveness, a modified form of the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI), the Meaning-in-Life Orientations test developed by D.A. Leontiev, the COPE Inventory, which assesses the characteristics of responding to difficulties in everyday life situations, the Victim Personality Identity Scale, the Impact of Event Scale-R, and the Symptom Check List-90-Revised. The results obtained allow us to conclude that victim identity is a component of a personality with pronounced post-traumatic and psychopathological symptoms. Other components of personality in the structure of experiencing post-traumatic stress are intrapersonal conflict, personality crisis, and fixation on a traumatic event, which aggravate psychopathological symptoms when experiencing a car accident.
The Features of Attitude to the Body of Persons with Consequences of Cerebral Palsy and Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Meshkova T.A. , Gavrilova E.L.
Published: April 2021

The features of attitude to the body of adults (from 21 to 65 years old; M=40,8) with consequences of cerebral palsy (13 persons) and spinal cord injury (15 persons) of varying severity and 40 persons (from 20 to 64 years old; M=35,3) without disabilities were studied. Two questionnaires with positive statements (Body Appreciation Scale and Functionality Appreciation Scale) were used, as well as a specially compiled questionnaire for assessing the negative attitude towards the body of persons with visible impairments and a non-verbal method for direct quantitative assessment of satisfaction with certain parts of the body. It was found that techniques aimed at direct assessment of body parts or assessment of negative attitude to the body reveal significant differences between healthy and disabled persons, indicating lower body assessments in persons with pathology, regardless of its type and severity, while questionnaires with positive statements can’t detect these differences. The level of positive attitude to the body in motor pathology is not lower than in the healthy persons. Analysis of the interaction of factors “type” vs “severity” of pathology reveals significant differences in the assessment of individual parts of the body (especially the legs and buttocks): persons with severe consequences of cerebral palsy rated their body areas higher than persons with severe forms of spinal trauma. The importance of the concept of a positive body image for the rehabilitation of persons with movement disorders is discussed.
The Mission Project: Teaching History and Avoiding the Past in California Elementary Schools
Authors: KEENAN HARPER BENJAMIN
Published: April 2021

In this article, Harper B. Keenan investigates the treatment of violence in elementary history education through a case study of a fourth-grade unit on the colonial history of California featuring “the mission project,” a long-standing tradition in California’s elementary schools that has students construct a miniature model of a Spanish colonial mission. Grounded in broader social and historical contexts, the study explores how the use of model making invites children to engage with colonial history and what the assignment reveals about how adults teach children about the violent past. Keenan argues that the mission project perpetuates a societal pattern of “ritual avoidance.”
Observation of Higher-Mode Surface Waves from an Active Source in the Hutubi Basin, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Ji Zhanbo , Wang Baoshan , Yang Wei , Wang Weitao , Su Jinbo , Wei Bin , Wang Haitao , Hu Tianyue
Published: April 2021

Basins with thick sediments can amplify and prolong the incoming seismic waves, which may cause serious damage to surface facilities. The amplification of seismic energy depends on the shear-wave velocity of the uppermost layers, which is generally estimated through surface wave analysis. Surface waves may propagate in different modes, and the mechanism of the mode development is not well understood. Exploiting a recently deployed permanent airgun source in the Hutubi basin, Xinjiang, northwest China, we conducted a field experiment to investigate the development of multimode surface waves. We observed surface waves at the frequency of 0.3–5.0 Hz with apparent group velocities of 200–900  m/s, and identified five modes of surface waves (three Rayleigh-wave modes and two Love-wave modes) through time–frequency and particle-motion analyses. We then measured 125 group velocity dispersion curves of the fundamental- and higher-mode surface waves, and further inverted the 1D S-wave velocity structure of the Hutubi basin. The S-wave velocity increases abruptly from 238  m/s at the surface to 643  m/s at 300 m depth. Synthetic seismograms with the inverted velocity structure capture the main features of the surface waves of the different modes. Synthetic tests suggest that the low velocity, high velocity gradient, and shallow source depth are likely the dominant contributing factors in the development of higher-mode surface waves.
Loess caves of Austria – a preview
Authors: Pavuza Rudolph , Plan Lukas
Published: April 2021

Loess caves account for a negligible amount of Austria's caves only – despite the fact that the areas covered by loess and loess-loam comprise several thousand square kilometres. Loess can be found in the northern and eastern foreland of the Alpine Mountain Range as well as in the Styrian Basin south of the Alps. Only a handful of caves have been mapped so far, concentrated at a few spots. This eye-catching fact documents a certain lack of exploration rather than a general lack of loess caves. According to Striebel (2005) and others most loess caves are formed by piping and gully erosion, initiated by inhomogeneities like disintegrating roots and animal burrows where the infiltrating water causes fast-growing pipe structures, subsequently enlarging to caves that can be entered by cavers.The rate of cave evolution is tremendous. In several cases – so far investigated – the earliest onset of cave formation lies within the early 20th Century. This can be dated as the required gradient was man-made at that time. On the other hand distinctive alterations of the caves took place within 30 years. This can be documented strikingly by comparing old and new cave maps. The crucial points – from a quantitative point of view – for the formation of loess caves are still under fundamental discussion as there are severe differences in local climatic parameters – some of the areas belong to the driest in Austria – lithologies, gradients and human interventions. Furthermore, the role of dissolution of calcitic components enhancing the subsequent erosion remains ambiguous.
Catastrophes versus events in the geologic past: how does the scale matter?
Authors: Gutak Ja M. , Ruban Dmitry Aleksandrovitch
Published: April 2021

Catastrophes were common in the geologic past, but their distinction from other events is necessary. Besides magnitude (strength), scales of events are important in a solution of this task. Several examples, which involve Late Paleozoic and Quaternary megafloods, Hadean and Phanerozoic extraterrestrial impacts, and Phanerozoic mass extinctions, ensure that scaling by spatial extent and diversity of consequences facilitates tracing the boundary between catastrophes and “ordinary” events. This boundary, however, is dynamic and its position depends on our subjective needs. Considerations of the geologic past should not mix catastrophes of different scales. The event analysis helps to avoid such a pitfall, and, therefore, it should be  preferred to neocatastrophism in modern geoscience.
Mıknatıs Konusunun Öğretimine Yönelik Geliştirilen Eğitsel Bir Oyun Hakkında Öğretmen Görüşleri
Authors: ERTUĞRUL Aslıhan , KARAMUSTAFAOĞLU Orhan
Published: April 2021

Dünyası oyundan ibaret olan çocuklar için, oyundan uzak bir eğitim düşünülmemelidir. Bu nedenle eğitsel oyunlar etkili bir eğitim için temel araçtır. Bu çalışmada sınıf öğretmenlerinin eğitsel oyunlara ve ilkokul 4. sınıf fen bilimleri dersi mıknatısın özellikleri ve etkisi konusunun öğretimine yönelik olarak geliştirilen İtti-Çekti isimli oyuna yönelik görüşlerini belirlemek hedeflenmiştir. Nitel yöntemle yapılan bu araştırmada olgu bilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında 4. sınıfların dersini yürüten 9 sınıf öğretmeninden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Veri analizi için MAXQDA programı yardımıyla kodlar çıkarılarak içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda eğitsel oyunların kullanılması gerektiği ve faydalı olduğu; İtti-Çekti oyununun işlevsel ve uygulanabilir olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The Effects of Virtual Reality and Animation Supported Science Education on Students’ Some Learning Products
Authors: DAĞDALAN Gökhan , TAŞ Erol , KAYA Erdem
Published: April 2021

In this study, it is aimed to examine the effects of virtual reality supported science education on the subject of “Nervous System” from the unit of “Controller and Regulatory System” on 6th grade the students’ cognitive levels and meta cognitive awareness. The sample of the study is 108 6th grade students (1st experimental group 36, 2nd experimental group 36, control group 36) from a public school in Altınordu district from city of Ordu in 2018-2019 educational year. While virtual reality method was applied for the first experimental group, animation supported teaching applications were applied for the second experimental group. For the control group, the students were taught with science education curriculum. As a result, it is determined that the students from virtual reality experimental group had significantly higher points than the other two groups. It is also observed that the students who were taken virtual reality based science lessons had higher metacognitive awareness.
OKUL REHBERLİK HİZMETLERİ: BİR DURUM ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Can Ertuğ , Nikolayidis Urania
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, resmî kurumlarda görevli öğretmenlerin görüşlerine göre okul rehberlik hizmetlerinin mevcut durumunu belirlemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2018-2019 öğretim yılında İstanbul’da görevli 32 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri 5 açık uçlu soru yardımıyla yüz yüze görüşme yapılarak toplanmış ve içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin okul rehberlik hizmetlerinin durumuna ilişkin görüşleri 9 tema altında analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre okul rehberlik hizmetleri, öğrencilerin kişisel, sosyal ve psikolojik gelişimlerini sağlayarak sorunların çözümüne önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Okul rehberlik hizmetleri okul yöneticilerinin iş yükünün azaltılmasında, öğretmenlerin öğrencilerle karşılaştıkları sorunların çözümüne, velilerin eğitilmesine ve öğrencilerle ilişkilerinin güçlendirilmesine, toplumun bilinçlendirilmesine olumlu katkı sağlamaktadır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, okul rehberlik hizmetlerini etkileyen faktörler öğretmenler, veliler, yöneticiler, çevre, öğrenciler, toplumsal algı, yasal düzenlemeler, rehberlik bilinci ve çalışma koşulları olarak sıralanmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, okul rehberlik hizmetlerinin daha etkili yürütülebilmesi için yasal düzenlemeler yapılmalı, rehber öğretmenlerin etkili çalışması sağlanmalı, veliler, öğretmenler ve okul yöneticileri bilgilendirilmeli ve okul rehberlik hizmetleri yaygınlaştırılmalıdır.
DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERE GÖRE DUYGUSAL EMEK VE ÇALIŞAN İYİ OLUŞ HALİNDEKİ FARKLILIKLAR
Authors: YILDIZ Sebahattin , DUMLU Burak , İBRAHİMAĞAOĞLU Özden
Published: April 2021

Duygusal emek ve çalışan iyi oluş hali hizmet sektöründe son dönemlerde önem arz eden örgütsel davranış konularındandır. Örgütlerin insan kaynağına daha çok önem vermesiyle örgütler çalışanların duygu ve davranışlarının örgütün amaçlarıyla uyumlu hale getirilmesini hedeflemektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışanların farklı özelliklerinin farklı duygusal emek sergilemelerine yol açabileceğinden söz edilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, demografik özelliklere göre duygusal emek boyutları ve çalışan iyi oluş hali boyutlarındaki farklılıkları incelemektir. Hipotez içeren bu çalışmada, hizmet sektöründeki 233 işgören üzerinde anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Bulgulara göre duygusal emek boyutlarının cinsiyet, yaş, çalışma süresi ve eğitim düzeyine göre farklılık gösterdiği gözlenmişken çalışan iyi oluş hali boyutlarının cinsiyet, yöneticilik yapma ve çalışılan birime göre farklılık gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. Sonuçta, duygusal emek ve çalışan iyi oluşu boyutları ile ilgili ilerleyen çalışmalar için öneriler getirilmiştir.
Cervical lymphadenopathy: a clinicopathological study
Authors: Guruswamy Chetas H. , Prabhu K. Ananth , Basavaraj H. R.
Published: April 2021

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical presentation and histopathological findings in patients presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy.Methods: Patients presenting to the outpatient units and admitted in the wards of departments of general surgery and onco-surgery, Yenepoya medical college hospital, Mangalore from December 2017 to December 2019 were included in the study.Results: From December 2017 to December 2019, 130 patients had presented with cervical lymphadenopathy to our hospital. Cervical lymphadenopathy was most common in the age group of 50-60 years and in males. The most common histopathological diagnosis was found to be secondaries in the neck. Multiple lymph node level involvement was more common.Conclusions: To conclude, cervical lymphadenopathy is seen frequently. In this study conducted in a tertiary centre 130 cases were reported in a span of two years of the study period. Further analysis of age and gender distribution, clinical and histopathological analysis suggested that in majority, age group was found to be above 50 years, with male preponderance. Commonest cause was secondaries in the neck (28.5%) followed by tubercular lymphadenitis (24.6%).
Health status of primary school children: study in urban slums of Lucknow
Authors: Verma Neeti , Bajpai Prashant Kumar
Published: April 2021

Background: Children are the wealth of any nation because they constitute one of the population's essential segments. Through school health services, morbidity patterns and nutritional status deficiencies are detected early and controlled to get a healthy and economically productive future generation. The present study was undertaken to assess the health status of primary school children in slum areas of Lucknow and find the morbidity pattern of the study population.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 760 students of primary schools. A pre-designed, pre-tested, and semi-structured questionnaire was used as a study tool.Results: Most of the subjects 362 (47.7%) were in age group of 7-9 years, and were distributed almost equally in the classes from 1st to 5thstandard. About one fourth (26.8%) school children were underweight, whereas 5.6% school children were found overweight. Girls (34.0%) were found underweight more than the boys (20.8%). In contrast, more boys (8.8%) were overweight than girl students (2.6%).Conclusions: The common infirmities found were underweight (26.8%), dental caries (6.1%), anemia (14.9%), pediculosis (17.2%) and ear discharge (2.2%). Proper knowledge regarding and the creation of awareness amongst the school children, their families, about the causes and ill effects of the various morbidities are essential. Emphasis should be given to school children regarding prevailing morbidities amongst them by class teachers.
Functional outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone graft: a descriptive observational study from Telangana
Authors: Singh K. Jaya Krishna , Prasad V. K. V. , Singh T. Ashita , Takalkar Anant A.
Published: April 2021

Background: The knee joint is the most commonly injured of all joints and the anterior cruciate ligament is the most commonly injured ligament. The bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autograft is the most commonly used autograft for reconstruction. The bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft has been widely accepted as the gold standard for ACL reconstruction with a high success rate. Objectives of the study were to study the functional outcome of ACL reconstruction using BPTB graft.

Methods: The present descriptive observational study was carried out at department of orthopedics, Mediciti institute of medical sciences, Hyderabad involving 30 patients of ACL tear by simple random sampling method. Patients were then evaluated by both subjectively and objectively. They were evaluated by using Lysholm and Gilquist knee scoring scale. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 24.0 version IBM USA.

Results: Majority of the patients i.e., 13 (43.3%) were from 26-35 years age group with right sided involvement in 60%. The result was found to be good in 16 i.e., 53.3%, excellent in 10 i.e., 33.3% and fair in 4 i.e., 13.3% patients. Prevalence of complications was reported as 23.3% in our study.

Conclusions: Our study of ACL repair using BPTP gives good to excellent results within a span of one year.
Partial edentulism and its correlation to age, gender, socioeconomic status and incidence of various Kennedy’s classes - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Aeran Himanshu , Thapliyal Abhinav , Sharma Neeraj , Kumar Varun
Published: April 2021

A simple estimation of the proportion of the partial edentulous persons is a rough indication of dental diseases and also the success or failure of dental care. The epidemiological features of partial edentulousness of one community or one village can be evaluated on the basis of a cross-sectional house-to-house survey. In this study a cross-sectional house-to-house survey was carried out at lower Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the level of edentulism and its relevance to other co-factors such as age, gender and socioeconomic status.
Evaluation of healing and anti-plaque efficacy of antioxidant mouthrinse in patients with gingival inflamation – A single blind clinical study
Authors: Kaur Jasjit , Kaushik Mayur , Singh Soundarya , Arora Geetika
Published: April 2021

: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of healing as well as anti plaque activity of an antioxidant mouthrinse containing sodium hyaluronate, coenzyme Q10, tea tree oil and aloe vera as active ingredients in a subject population of established clinical gingivitis.

A single blind study was conducted among 45 participants, all of whom were in the age group of 18‑60 years. The study subjects were randomly divided into three groups of 15 each.

The control group where only oral hygiene instructions were given. Group B1 in which the participants underwent oral prophylaxis at baseline, day 7 and day 14. Group B2 where the participants were given the antioxidant mouthrinse to use thrice daily in addition to undergoing oral prophylaxis at baseline, day 7 and day 14.

The clinical parameters assessed were the probing pocket depth, Plaque Index by Sillness and Loe (1964) and Gingival Index by Loe and Sillness (1963). These were assessed at baseline, day 7 and day 14 for all the 3 groups.

The results were found to be statistically significant at 14 days interval of plaque and gingival inflammation reduction in the B2 group as compared to the other two groups, however, with regard to reduction of periodontal depth, the result was not found to be significant.

This study supports the effectiveness of herbal constituents based antioxidant mouthwash in its role as an antiplaque and healing agent. It should be explored as a cost‑effective, long‑term antiplaque rinse with prophylactic and therapeutic benefits.
In vitro study to compare the accuracy of four diagnostic methods for locating the second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary molars
Authors: Mittal Rishu , Gupta Saurabh , Bogra Poonam , Gupta Saru Dhir , Goyal Radhika , Goyal Nikita
Published: April 2021

The aim of this in vitro study is to compare the efficacy of three diagnostic methods, Direct visual method, Magnifying loupes and Dental operating microscope in recognising all the canals of the root canal system in maxillary first molars using CBCT and reference standard method.

A total of 65 maxillary first molars were selected for this study. Teeth selected were evaluated by Periapical radiographs and CBCT. Access cavities of selected extracted human maxillary first molars were prepared, and the floor of the pulp chamber was then explored to locate the MB2 canal in five stages: Stage I (Direct Visual Method), Stage II (under ×3.5 Magnifying Loupes with light-emitting diode [LED] light), Stage III (Under Dental Operating Microscope), and Stage IV (Cross-sectioning was done below CEJ and the sections were evaluated using stereomicroscope at 10x magnification).

The descriptive statistics were tabulated using Chi square test to compare the efficacy between the diagnostic methods. Senstivity, specificity, Positive /Negative predictive values were calculated for each method.

The results obtained in this study showed that CBCT was most accurate with the dimensional accuracy of 96% followed by Dental operating microscope which performed better (with the diagnostic accuracy of 76%) than the magnifying loupes (with the diagnostic accuracy of 64%) direct visual method (with the diagnostic accuracy 60%).

The dental operating microscope was most effective in the detection of MB2 canals followed by magnifying loupes and direct visual method. Additionally, CBCT could be used as a supplementary diagnostic tool in cases in which canals are not found using the methods available in the dental office.
Rehabilitating anterior teeth esthetically with ceramic laminate veneers
Authors: Jurel Sunit Kumar , Solanki Neeti , Chand Pooran , Singh Raghuwar Dayal
Published: April 2021

Restoration of an unaesthetic smile can be accomplished by various treatment approaches, indirect and direct. However, use of direct treatment modalities such as laminate veneers ensures minimal loss of tooth tissue, along with, pleasing final result which increases the acceptability of the treatment by the patient. Ceramics have been proved superior to composites for laminates, owing to increased strength, abrasion resistance and color stability. In this case report, anterior maxillary discolored dentition is restored by using ceramic laminate veneers.
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 1973
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: April 2021

The Annual Report contains a review of the Bank's operations in 1973.
Skills for Life: Stress and Brain Development in Early Childhood
Authors: Näslund-Hadley Emma , Koussa Michelle , Hernández Juan Manuel
Published: April 2021

Learning to cope with disappointments and overcoming obstacles is part of growing up. By conquering some challenges, children develop resilience. Such normal stressors may include initiating a new activity or separation from parents during preschool hours. However, when the challenges in early childhood are intensified by important stressors happening outside their own lives, they may start to worry about the safety of themselves and their families. This may cause chronic stress, which interferes with their emotional, cognitive, and social development. In developing country contexts, it is especially hard to capture promptly the effects of stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic on childrens cognitive and socioemotional development. In this note, we draw on the literature on the effect of stress on brain development and examine data from a recent survey of households with young children carried out in four Latin American countries to offer suggestions for policy responses. We suggest that early childhood and education systems play a decisive role in assessing and addressing childrens mental health needs. In the absence of forceful policy responses on multiple fronts, the mental health outcomes may become lasting.
Skills for Life: Social Skills for Inter-Ethnic Cohesion
Authors: Alan Sule
Published: April 2021

Social skills are essential to building empowered and cohesive communities in ethnic diversity. In a world with massive population movements and growing anti-immigrant sentiments, schools stand out as important platforms to instill key social skills into our children to build inter-ethnic cohesion. Achieving this requires the implementation of rigorously tested educational actions. This brief provides the evaluation results of a particular educational program that was implemented in a high-stakes context where the ethnic composition of schools changed abruptly due to a massive refugee influx. The program significantly lowered peer violence and ethnic segregation in schools, and improved prosociality in children.
Hodograph Method for Solving the Problem of Shallow Water Under a Solid Lid
Authors: Dolgikh Tatiana F.
Published: April 2021

One of the mathematical models describing the behavior of two horizontally infinite adjoining layers of an ideal incompressible liquid under a solid cover moving at different speeds is investigated. At a large difference in the layer velocities, the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability occurs, which leads to a distortion of the interface. At the initial point in time, the interface is not necessarily flat. From a mathematical point of view, the behavior of the liquid layers is described by a system of four quasilinear equations, either hyperbolic or elliptic, in partial derivatives of the first order. Some type shallow water equations are used to construct the model. In the simple version of the model considered in this paper, in the spatially one-dimensional case, the unknowns are the boundary between the liquid layers h(x,t) and the difference in their velocities γ(x,t). The main attention is paid to the case of elliptic equations when |h|<1 and γ>1. An evolutionary Cauchy problem with arbitrary sufficiently smooth initial data is set for the system of equations. The explicit dependence of the Riemann invariants on the initial variables of the problem is indicated. To solve the Cauchy problem formulated in terms of Riemann invariants, a variant of the hodograph method based on a certain conservation law is used. This method allows us to convert a system of two quasilinear partial differential equations of the first order to a single linear partial differential equation of the second order with variable coefficients. For a linear equation, the Riemann-Green function is specified, which is used to construct a two-parameter implicit solution to the original problem. The explicit solution of the problem is constructed on the level lines (isochrons) of the implicit solution by solving a certain Cauchy problem for a system of ordinary differential equations. As a result, the original Cauchy problem in partial derivatives of the first order is transformed to the Cauchy problem for a system of ordinary differential equations, which is solved by numerical methods. Due to the bulkiness of the expression for the Riemann-Green function, some asymptotic approximation of the problem is considered, and the results of calculations, and their analysis are presented.
Approximate Solution of a Hypersingular Integral Equation of the First Kind Bounded at Both Ends of the Integration Segment Using Chebyshev Series
Authors: Khubezhty Shalva S.
Published: April 2021

A hypersingular integral equation on the interval of integration is considered. The hypersingular integral is understood in the sense of Hadamard, that is, in the finite part. The class of such equations is widely used in problems of mathematical physics, in technology, and most importantly: in recent years, they are one of the main devices for modeling problems in electrodynamics. With the use of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind, the unknown function, the right-hand side and the kernel are replaced in the equation. The expansion coefficients of these functions are calculated using quadrature formulas of the highest algebraic degree of accuracy, i.e., Gauss quadrature formulas. Thus, the equation is discretized. The result is an infinite system of linear algebraic equations for the expansion coefficients of the unknown function. The fact that the hypersingular integral equation in the case under consideration has a unique solution in the class of sufficiently smooth functions is taken into account. The constructed computational scheme is substantiated using the general theory of functional analysis. The calculation error is estimated under certain conditions relative to the right-hand side and the kernel of the equation. The described method for solving the hypersingular integral equation is illustrated by test examples that show the high efficiency of the method.
Estimation of Methods of Calculation of Values of Total Solar Radiation for Different Time Intervals
Authors: Tkachenko Yuri Y. , Latun Vladimir V. , Denisov Valeriy I.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of evaluation of a number of methods for calculating total, scattered and direct radiation. The methods were tested on actinometric data of eight stations of the former USSR, located in different climatic and latitudinal zones, in order to clarify the spatial boundaries of their application and the time interval for which it is possible to carry out calculations with an error of not more than 10 %. It is established that the accuracy of calculations is influenced by the location of the station in relation to the seas and lakes. In addition, a number of methods do not take into account the tier and shape of the cloud, so at the same amount of cloud observed different amounts of total radiation, which in turn leads to errors in the calculation of the amounts of radiation. For stations with high atmospheric transparency and low air humidity, the calculation methods provide understated data compared to full-scale ones. For stations with high dust content of the surface layer of the atmosphere, the calculated data are overstated. For marine and lake stations, overestimation of the calculated data is caused by increased humidity throughout the year and as a result, even with a small cloud cover, incoming solar radiation is significantly weakened by water vapor. The considered calculation methods can be used to calculate monthly amounts of total radiation with an accuracy of 10-12 %. Calculation for shorter time intervals leads to an increase in calculation errors. Using the method of calculating the total radiation components gives an error in the calculation of monthly amounts from 10 to 30 %, depending on the latitude. Performing calculations using this method for time intervals less than a month leads to a sharp increase in the size of errors.
Transforming Research Management and Administration to keep up with the changing research and innovation landscape
Authors: Labuschagne Lessing
Published: April 2021

With the launch of a new academic journal it is timely to reflect on the content and scope of the journal.  JoRMA is the Journal of Research Management and Administration – but what is Research Management and Administration (RMA) and why might it deserve your attention?
Analysis of the Economic Impact of the US Presidential Candidates on the United States and China
Authors: Yin Pengzhi , Peng Jiasi
Published: April 2021

The presidential election of art and industry: the contest between Trump and Biden has been staged. They have different tax, minimum wage, energy, technology, trade and other strategies, which will inevitably have an impact on the economy of the United States and China. Our team chose this mathematician modeling project to scientifically evaluate the impact of the new president of the United States on the economy of the two countries, and put forward our coping strategies.
The Current Situation of International Accounting Convergence and the Strategic Choice of International Convergence of Accounting Standards for Chinese Enterprises
Authors: He Yu
Published: April 2021

With the deepening of world economic integration, IFRS has become more and more widely used worldwide. Under the new situation that the current international financial regulatory framework is being rebuilt, the international accounting landscape is undergoing major adjustments, and the international accounting standard setting agencies are actively promoting the reform of governance structure, my country needs to review the situation, follow the trend, and choose an international accounting standard that meets the needs of national conditions.
Research on the Influencing Factors of Commercial Banks’ Bad Loans under the New Normal of Economy
Authors: Zhang Lanyu , Zang Yilin , Wu Chenxuan
Published: April 2021

China is currently in a complex period of “three-phase superposition”. Under the new normal of the economy Financial deleveraging has achieved certain results. However, the non-performing loan ratio of commercial banks has shown a continuous upward trend since 2015. The empirical results show that the degree of internalization of commercial banks, credit balances, and gross domestic product have a negative impact on the NPL ratio, and the cost-to-income ratio and leverage ratio have a positive impact on the NPL ratio. Therefore, commercial banks should vigorously develop digital technology, expand the scale of credit, use technological advantages to reduce costs, establish an appropriate level of leverage, and effectively reduce the non-performing loan ratio to improve the asset quality of commercial banks.
Research on the Accounting and Auditing Risk Calculation Strategies of Enterprises in the Information Age
Authors: Li Junna
Published: April 2021

After entering the information age, the accounting and auditing work of Chinese enterprises must be updated according to the new changes of the society and the enterprises. As the top priority of modern enterprise management, enterprise accounting auditing requires continuous optimization of the management within the enterprises so that the enterprises’ development could keep pace with the social changes. By introducing information technology into enterprise accounting auditing, it is possible to improve the efficiency of enterprise accounting auditing and to ensure the accuracy of enterprise auditing. This article starts with the status quo of enterprise accounting auditing in the information age. Then, it analyses the current risks of enterprise accounting audit and puts forward some suggestions to prevent the risks. This thesis is expected to provide useful reference for the development of enterprise accounting auditing in the information age.
Factors Predict Employability of Graduates: Evidence in Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Authors: Maratas Ed Neil O. , Campoy Archer C.
Published: April 2021

The goal of this research was to track graduates to their destination and employment status. The researchers used the modified survey questionnaire developed from the researchers and served as the method for data collection. Further, information was also obtained from yahoo and Facebook accounts and mobile or cellular phones. Of the 377 respondents, 288 graduates participated in the study and were drawn randomly from the master lists of 6,677 graduates of various academic programs offered from five-year spans School Year 2006 to 2010. The findings showed that the majority in their current position is casuals. It also showed that most of the respondents work in businesses or organizations related to education, wholesale and retail trade, financial intermediation, development, and public administration. Most of them, their present work is connected to the course they took at college. Programs with the highest percentage of working graduates, JRMSU ranked Engineering as the top program offered. Teacher education, on the other hand, has more employed graduates with the highest potential for full initial earnings. Finally, the profile information that best predicts the graduates' employment likelihood is gender, GPA, and licensure exam.
SINIF ÖĞRETMENİ ADAYLARININ GEOMETRİK KAVRAMLARA İLİŞKİN TANIMLARININ VE ŞEKİLLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYDOĞDU İSKENDEROĞLU Tuba , AKŞAN Elif
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının bazı iki boyutlu geometrik kavramlara ilişkin tanım ve şekil bilgilerinin ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. Araştırma, nitel ve nicel yöntemlerin birleştirilmesiyle betimsel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak sınıf öğretmenliği programı birinci sınıfta okuyan 116 öğretmen adayıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada öğretmen adaylarına 12 tane geometrik kavramın (açı, çokgen, üçgen, dörtgen, yamuk, paralelkenar, eşkenar dörtgen, dikdörtgen, kare, deltoid, çember, daire) tanımlarının ve çizimlerinin yapılması istenen bir form uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğretmen adaylarının geometrik kavramlara ilişkin çizim yapmakta tanım yapmaktan daha başarılı oldukları belirlenmiştir. Yani öğretmen adaylarının şekilleri doğru çizmekte şekilleri tanımlamaya göre daha başarılı oldukları ortaya konulmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra öğretmen adaylarının çizim ve tanım bilgilerinde birçok eksikliğin mevcut olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ KARİYER GELECEĞİ ALGILARI, DUYGUSAL ZEKÂLARI VE PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIKLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÖZKAN Mustafa
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının kariyer geleceği algısı ile duygusal zekâ özellikleri ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu Türkiye’deki bir üniversitenin eğitim fakültesinde 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim yılında öğrenim gören 644 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu, Türk kültürüne uyarlaması Doğan (2015) tarafından yapılmış olan Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği (KPSÖ), Türk kültürüne uyarlaması Deniz, Işık ve Özer (2013) tarafından yapılmış olan Duygusal Zekâ Özelliği Ölçeği Kısa-Formu (DZÖÖ-KF) ve Türk kültürüne uyarlaması Kalafat (2012) tarafından yapılmış olan Kariyer Geleceği Algısı (KARGEL) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde parametrik olmayan ilişkisel yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının KARGEL toplam puanları ve alt boyutlarından elde edilen puanların bazı demografik özelliklere göre farklılaştığı; kariyer geleceği algısı (KARGEL), kariyer iyimserliği (Kİ), kariyer uyumluluğu (KU) ve piyasaya ilişkin algılanan bilgi (AB) ile duygusal zekâ özelliği arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı; psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyi arasında ise görece daha zayıf anlamlı ve pozitif yönde ilişki saptanmıştır.
The safety of medication in patients who have recently received a Taser shock
Authors: Parker Caroline
Published: April 2021

There remains controversy as to whether Tasers can adversely affect cardiac rhythm. It is well established that antipsychotics can adversely affect cardiac rhythm. Therefore the question arises whether it is safe to prescribe and administer an antipsychotic to a person who has recently
received a Taser shock. This article addresses this issue and makes recommendations for practice.
European nautical tourists: exploring destination image perceptions
Authors: González Yen E. Lam , Ledesma Javier de León , González Carmelo J. León
Published: April 2021

Purpose – Nautical tourism is considered to be an under-exploited research area, if we take into account its evolution and growth prospects. This lack of knowledge is probably one of the main reasons the sector has not reached its maximum. The present paper aims at exploring the European nautical tourists´ perceptions of image, in relation to the type of nautical sport they carry out and the type of nautical destination they visit. Methodology – The research was conducted in the Canary Islands and Morocco during 2013 and 2014. The sample covered 433 European nautical tourists pursuing different nautical sports and was organised into two groups. Structured questionnaires with personal interviews were implemented. Choosing a mature nautical destination and an emerging one enriched the comparative approach for the study. The findings indicate there are clearly similar profiles amongst the groups of tourists visiting both regions, and that the perceived image varies between a nautical tourist doing sailing and a nautical tourist motivated by other nautical sports. The data analysis reveals that perceptions also vary according to the more intensive and extensive use of the destinations. Originality – This empirical study provides useful insights into the demand for nautical tourism, the perceptions and evaluations of the ports and marinas as well as the destinations themselves, which can be used as a guide for the tourism industry managers and the Government Authorities to develop more effective marketing and positioning strategies. The study of the destination image in nautical tourism is a contribution to the progress beyond the state of the sector.
BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamaları Ekonomik Büyümeyi Etkiliyor mu? Ampirik Bir İnceleme
Authors: SÖKMEN Ferhat Şirin
Published: April 2021

Amaç: İçsel büyüme teorilerinde, beşeri sermaye ekonomik büyümeyi etkileyen unsurlar arasında yer almaktadır. Beşeri sermaye faktörlerinden biri olan sağlık düzeyindeki artışlar bir yandan, işgücü verimliliğini arttırırken, diğer yandan yaşam süresini arttırarak fiziksel yatırımlardaki artış yoluyla ekonomik büyüme üzerinde pozitif etki yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi BRICS-T ülkeleri için ele alınmıştır.

Tasarım/Yöntem: 2000-2018 döneminin ele alındığı çalışmada, sağlık harcamalarını temsilen kişi başına düşen sağlık harcamaları, ekonomik büyümeyi temsilen ise sabit fiyatlarla GSYH değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. Uzun dönemli ilişkiyi sınamak amacıyla Westerlund (2008) DH (Durbin-Hausman) Eş Bütünleşme testi ve kısa dönemli ilişkinin varlığını test etmek amacıyla Kónya (2006) Bootstrap nedensellik testinden yararlanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Westerlund (2008) DH (Durbin-Hausman) Eş Bütünleşme testi sonucunda, sağlık harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme değişkenleri arasında eş bütünleşme ilişkisinin var olduğu sonucuna ulaşılırken, Kónya (2006) Bootstrap Nedensellik Test sonuçlarına göre sağlık harcamaları değişkeninden, ekonomik büyümeye doğru nedensellik ilişkisi söz konusu olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, BRICS-T ülkelerinde sağlık odaklı büyüme hipotezinin geçerli olduğunu destekler niteliktedir.

Sınırlılıklar: Çalışmanın temel sınırlılığı örnekleme dahil edilen ülkeler ve 2000-2018 dönemleri olarak belirlenmiştir.

Özgünlük/Değer: Bu çalışmada beşeri sermayenin önemli bir bileşeni olan sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi BRICS ülkeleri ve Türkiye için karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir.