bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation d’un dispositif de formation et d’accompagnement en promotion de la santé dans les écoles primaires françaises : implications pour la pratique
Authors: Guével Marie-Renée , Pommier Jeanine , Jourdan Didier
Published: May 2013

Dans un contexte où les recherches portant sur la promotion de la santé à l’école sont principalement issues du monde anglo-saxon, l’Institut national de prévention et d’éducation pour la santé (Inpes) a soutenu un projet de recherche-intervention conduit par une équipe pluridisciplinaire. Ce projet visait, d’une part, à développer la prise en compte de la promotion de la santé dans les écoles primaires françaises, et, d’autre part, à documenter les processus à l’œuvre dans cette démarche et à en évaluer les impacts. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter une synthèse des premiers résultats et de formuler des pistes de réflexion concernant les implications de ces travaux pour les pratiques des acteurs du milieu scolaire. Les résultats mettent l’accent à la fois sur la nécessité de prendre en compte le contexte local dans lequel les écoles sont insérées, et sur l’enjeu que représentent la formation et l’accompagnement des acteurs, à tous les niveaux du système scolaire.
Can Marijuana Reduce Social Pain?
Authors: Deckman Timothy , DeWall C. Nathan , Way Baldwin , Gilman Rich , Richman Stephanie
Published: May 2013

Social and physical pain share common overlap at linguistic, behavioral, and neural levels. Prior research has shown that acetaminophen—an analgesic medication that acts indirectly through cannabinoid 1 receptors—reduces the social pain associated with exclusion. Yet, no work has examined if other drugs that act on similar receptors, such as marijuana, also reduce social pain. Across four methodologically diverse samples, marijuana use consistently buffered people from the negative consequences associated with loneliness and social exclusion. These effects were replicated using cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental designs. These findings offer novel evidence supporting common overlap between social and physical pain processes.
Inherited predisposition to myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Jones Amy V. , Cross Nicholas C. P.
Published: May 2013

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are haematological disorders characterized by an overproduction of mature myeloid cells with a tendency to transform to acute myeloid leukaemia. Clonal proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells is driven by somatically acquired mutations, most notably JAK2 V617F, but there are important features relating to pathogenesis and phenotypic diversity that cannot be explained by acquired mutations alone. In this review we consider what is currently known about the role that inherited factors play in the development and biology of both sporadic and familial forms of MPN. Although most MPN cases appear to be sporadic, familial predisposition has been recognized for many years in a subset of cases and epidemiological studies have indicated the presence of common susceptibility alleles. Currently the JAK2 46/1 haplotype (also referred to as ‘GGCC’) is the strongest known predisposition factor for sporadic MPNs carrying a JAK2 V617F mutation, explaining a large proportion of the heritability of this disorder. Less is known about what genetic variants predispose to MPNs that lack JAK2 V617F, but there have been recent reports of interesting associations in biologically plausible candidates, and more loci are set to emerge with the application of systematic genome-wide association methodologies. Several highly penetrant predisposition variants that affect erythropoietin signalling, thrombopoietin signalling or oxygen sensing have been characterized in families with nonclonal hereditary erythrocytosis or thrombocytosis, but much less is known about familial predisposition to true clonal MPN. The heterogeneous pattern of inheritance and presumed genetic heterogeneity in these families makes analysis difficult, but whole exome or genome sequencing should provide novel insights into these elusive disorders.
Parp-2 is required to maintain hematopoiesis following sublethal γ-irradiation in mice
Authors: Farrés Jordi , Martín-Caballero Juan , Martínez Carlos , Lozano Juan J. , Llacuna Laura , Ampurdanés Coral , Ruiz-Herguido Cristina , Dantzer Françoise , Schreiber Valérie , Villunger Andreas , Bigas Anna , Yélamos José
Published: May 2013

Key Points

Genetic inactivation of Parp-2 in mice, but not of Parp-1, resulted in bone marrow failure in response to sublethal γ-irradiation dose. Parp-2 plays an essential role in the DNA damage response in HSPC maintaining hematopoietic homeostasis under stress conditions.
Enhanced-affinity murine T-cell receptors for tumor/self-antigens can be safe in gene therapy despite surpassing the threshold for thymic selection
Authors: Schmitt Thomas M. , Aggen David H. , Stromnes Ingunn M. , Dossett Michelle L. , Richman Sarah A. , Kranz David M. , Greenberg Philip D.
Published: May 2013

Key Points

High-affinity tumor/self antigen-specific TCRs that surpass the threshold for normal thymic selection can be safe for TCR gene therapy. T cells that express endogenous TCRs that are self-reactive can survive in the periphery with diminished TCR expression levels.
Umbilical cord blood transplantation: the first 25 years and beyond
Authors: Ballen Karen K. , Gluckman Eliane , Broxmeyer Hal E.
Published: May 2013

Umbilical cord blood is an alternative hematopoietic stem cell source for patients with hematologic diseases who can be cured by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Initially, umbilical cord blood transplantation was limited to children, given the low cell dose infused. Both related and unrelated cord blood transplants have been performed with high rates of success for a variety of hematologic disorders and metabolic storage diseases in the pediatric setting. The results for adult umbilical cord blood transplantation have improved, with greater emphasis on cord blood units of sufficient cell dose and human leukocyte antigen match and with the use of double umbilical cord blood units and improved supportive care techniques. Cord blood expansion trials have recently shown improvement in time to engraftment. Umbilical cord blood is being compared with other graft sources in both retrospective and prospective trials. The growth of the field over the last 25 years and the plans for future exploration are discussed.
A new monoid construction under crossed products
Authors: Emin Ahmet , Ateş Fırat , Ikikardeş Sebahattin , Cangül Ismail Naci
Published: May 2013

In this paper we define a new monoid construction under crossed products for given monoids. We also present a generating set and a relator set for this product. Finally, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the regularity of it.

MSC:05C10, 05C12, 05C25, 20E22, 20M05.
Some new integral inequalities on time scales containing integration on infinite intervals
Authors: Meng Zhaowei , Zheng Bin , Wen Chuanbao
Published: May 2013

In this paper, some new Gronwall-Bellman type integral inequalities on time scales containing integration on infinite intervals are established. They provide new bounds for unknown functions concerned and can be used as a handy tool in the research of qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions of certain dynamic equations on time scales.

MSC:26E70, 26D15, 26D10.
Caspase-2 is involved in cell death induction by taxanes in breast cancer cells
Authors: Jelínek Michael , Balušíková Kamila , Kopperová Dana , Němcová-Fürstová Vlasta , Šrámek Jan , Fidlerová Julie , Zanardi Ilaria , Ojima Iwao , Kovář Jan
Published: May 2013

Background

We studied the role of caspase-2 in apoptosis induction by taxanes (paclitaxel, novel taxane SB-T-1216) in breast cancer cells using SK-BR-3 (nonfunctional p53, functional caspase-3) and MCF-7 (functional p53, nonfunctional caspase-3) cell lines.

Results

Both taxanes induced apoptosis in SK-BR-3 as well as MCF-7 cells. Caspase-2 activity in SK-BR-3 cells increased approximately 15-fold within 48 h after the application of both taxanes at the death-inducing concentration (100 nM). In MCF-7 cells, caspase-2 activity increased approximately 11-fold within 60 h after the application of taxanes (300 nM). Caspase-2 activation was confirmed by decreasing levels of procaspase-2, increasing levels of cleaved caspase-2 and the cleavage of caspase-2 substrate golgin-160. The inhibition of caspase-2 expression using siRNA increased the number of surviving cells more than 2-fold in MCF-7 cells, and at least 4-fold in SK-BR-3 cells, 96 h after the application of death-inducing concentration of taxanes. The inhibition of caspase-2 expression also resulted in decreased cleavage of initiator caspases (caspase-8, caspase-9) as well as executioner caspases (caspase-3, caspase-7) in both cell lines after the application of taxanes. In control cells, caspase-2 seemed to be mainly localized in the nucleus. After the application of taxanes, it was released from the nucleus to the cytosol, due to the long-term disintegration of the nuclear envelope, in both cell lines. Taxane application led to some formation of PIDDosome complex in both cell lines within 24 h after the application. After taxane application, p21WAF1/CIP1 expression was only induced in MCF-7 cells with functional p53. However, taxane application did not result in a significant increase of PIDD expression in either SK-BR-3 or MCF-7 cells. The inhibition of RAIDD expression using siRNA did not affect the number of surviving SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 cells after taxane application at all.

Conclusion

Caspase-2 is required, at least partially, for apoptosis induction by taxanes in tested breast cancer cells. We suggest that caspase-2 plays the role of an apical caspase in these cells. Caspase-2 seems to be activated via other mechanism than PIDDosome formation. It follows the release of caspase-2 from the nucleus to the cytosol.
Update on the Kelch-like (KLHL) gene family
Authors: Dhanoa Bajinder S , Cogliati Tiziana , Satish Akhila G , Bruford Elspeth A , Friedman James S
Published: May 2013

The Kelch-like (KLHL) gene family encodes a group of proteins that generally possess a BTB/POZ domain, a BACK domain, and five to six Kelch motifs. BTB domains facilitate protein binding and dimerization. The BACK domain has no known function yet is of functional importance since mutations in this domain are associated with disease. Kelch domains form a tertiary structure of β-propellers that have a role in extracellular functions, morphology, and binding to other proteins. Presently, 42 KLHL genes have been classified by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC), and they are found across multiple human chromosomes. The KLHL family is conserved throughout evolution. Phylogenetic analysis of KLHL family members suggests that it can be subdivided into three subgroups with KLHL11 as the oldest member and KLHL9 as the youngest. Several KLHL proteins bind to the E3 ligase cullin 3 and are known to be involved in ubiquitination. KLHL genes are responsible for several Mendelian diseases and have been associated with cancer. Further investigation of this family of proteins will likely provide valuable insights into basic biology and human disease.
Altered expression of miRNAs in a dihydrotestosterone-induced rat PCOS model
Authors: Hossain Md Munir , Cao Mingju , Wang Qi , Kim Ji Young , Schellander Karl , Tesfaye Dawit , Tsang Benjamin K
Published: May 2013

Background

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and heterogeneous endocrine condition characterized by hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and chronic anovulation. Regulation and interaction of a multitude of genes required for follicular development are found to be altered in PCOS. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate posttranscriptional gene regulation by binding to the 3´ untranslated region of mRNAs to either inhibit or enhance translation. However, the extent and regulation of miRNA expression in PCOS is poorly understood and the current study is the first to describe altered expression of miRNAs in PCOS.

Methods

A chronically androgenized [5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated] rat model which recapitulates many of the phenotypes of human PCOS, and miRNA PCR array was used to investigate the expression of 349 miRNAs in DHT treated rat ovaries. The ovarian expression of several selected miRNAs was also analyzed by in situ localization experiment.

Results

DHT-treated rats exhibit increased body weight, disrupted estrus cyclicity, decreased insulin sensitivity and decreased ovarian weight, with the latter phenomenon readily rescued by gonadotropin treatment in vivo. In general, 24% of the 349 miRNAs investigated were found to be differentially expressed between DHT-treated and control rats. Most of the differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be predominantly localized in the theca cells of the follicles. In silico analysis of the potential target genes of dysregulated miRNAs revealed their possible involvement in various pathways in the regulation of ovarian function.

Conclusion

Our current findings suggest that miRNAs are differentially regulated in hyperandrogenism, a condition possibly involved in the dysregulation of steroid hormone receptors and intra-ovarian factors, and that miRNAs may be involved in the etiology of PCOS.
Regulation of DNA transposition by CpG methylation and chromatin structure in human cells
Authors: Jursch Tobias , Miskey Csaba , Izsvák Zsuzsanna , Ivics Zoltán
Published: May 2013

Background

The activity of transposable elements can be regulated by different means. DNA CpG methylation is known to decrease or inhibit transpositional activity of diverse transposons. However, very surprisingly, it was previously shown that CpG methylation of the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon significantly enhanced transposition in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Results

In order to investigate the unexpected response of SB transposition to CpG methylation, related transposons from the Tc1/mariner superfamily, that is, Tc1, Himar1, Hsmar1, Frog Prince (FP) and Minos were tested to see how transposition was affected by CpG methylation. A significant increase of >20-fold in transposition of SB, FP and Minos was seen, whereas Tc1, Himar1 and Hsmar1 showed no difference in transposition upon CpG-methylation. The terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of the SB, FP and Minos elements share a common structure, in which each TIR contains two functionally important binding sites for the transposase (termed the IR/DR structure). The group of IR/DR elements showed increased excision after CpG methylation compared to untreated transposon donor plasmids. We found that de novo CpG methylation is not required for transposition. A mutated FP donor plasmid with depleted CpG sites in both TIRs was as efficient in transposition as the wild-type transposon, indicating that CpG sites inside the TIRs are not responsible for altered binding of factors potentially modulating transposition. By using an in vivo one-hybrid DNA-binding assay in cultured human cells we found that CpG methylation had no appreciable effect on the affinity of SB transposase to its binding sites. However, chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that CpG-methylated transposon donor plasmids are associated with a condensed chromatin structure characterized by trimethylated histone H3K9. Finally, DNA compaction by protamine was found to enhance SB transposition.

Conclusions

We have shown that DNA CpG methylation upregulates transposition of IR/DR elements in the Tc1/mariner superfamily. CpG methylation provokes the formation of a tight chromatin structure at the transposon DNA, likely aiding the formation of a catalytically active complex by facilitating synapsis of sites bound by the transposase.
The impact of vascular anastomosis time on early kidney transplant outcomes
Authors: Marzouk Karim , Lawen Joseph , Alwayn Ian , Kiberd Bryce A
Published: May 2013

Background

Most studies have found cold ischemic time to be an important predictor of delayed graft function in kidney transplantation. Relatively less is known about the warm time associated with vascular anastomosis and early outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of 298 consecutive solitary deceased donor kidney recipients from January 2006 to August 2012 was analyzed to examine the association between anastomosis time and delayed graft function (need for dialysis) and length of hospital stay.

Results

Delayed graft function (DGF) was observed in 56 patients (18.8%). The median anastomosis time was 30 minutes (interquartile range 24, 45 minutes). Anastomosis time was independently associated with DGF in a multivariable, binary logistic regression analysis (odds Ratio (OR) 1.037 per minute, 95% CI 1.016, 1.057, P = 0.001). An anastomosis time >29 minutes was also associated with a 3.5 fold higher (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.6, 7.3, P = 0.001) risk of DGF. Median days in hospital was 9 (interquartile range 7, 14 days). Every 5 minutes of longer anastomosis time (0.20 days per minute, 95% CI 0.13, 0.27, P <0.001) was associated with 1 extra day in hospital in a multivariable linear regression model. An anastomosis time >29 minutes was associated with 3.8 (95% CI 1.6, 6.0, P <0.001) more days in hospital.

Conclusion

Anastomosis time may be an underappreciated but modifiable variable in dictating use of hospital resources. The impact of anastomosis time on longer term outcomes deserves further study.
Enhanced expression of a 35 kDa fragment of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor H4 in sera of healthy pregnant women and patients with hydatidiform mole
Authors: Mohamed Emida , Jayapalan Jaime Jacqueline , Abdul-Rahman Puteri Shafinaz , Omar Siti Zawiah , Hashim Onn Haji
Published: May 2013

Background

Accumulated data from previous studies appear to suggest a link between the overexpression of a 35 kDa fragment of serum inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor H4 (ITIH4) with cancers that are associated with up-regulated levels of oestrogens. The truncated fragment was postulated to be a product of oestrogen-induced action of kallikrein on native ITIH4. The present lectin-based proteomic analyses were performed to assess the specificity of the 35 kDa fragment of ITIH4 as a potential cancer biomarker and determine whether it was also overexpressed in the sera of cancer-negative pregnant women who are known to have high levels of plasma oestrogens.

Results

Our results demonstrated that the 35 kDa fragment of ITIH4 was overexpressed in healthy pregnant women and patients with hydatidiform mole, relative to the controls. The serum oestradiol levels of both groups of pregnant subjects were also confirmed to be higher than those of the control women who were not pregnant.

Conclusions

Overexpression of the 35 kDa fragment of ITIH4 was not restrictive to patients with cancers but also occurred in women who were pregnant and those diagnosed with hydatidiform mole. Our data implicate the limitation of the 35 kDa ITIH4 fragment as a cancer biomarker and its correlation with serum oestrogen levels.
“World Literatures Reimagined”: Sara Suleri’s Meatless Days and A. H. Tanpınar’s Five Cities
Authors: Seyhan Azade
Published: May 2013

This essay investigates what differentiates the idea and practice of world literature(s) from those of national literatures, exile literature, and transnational or cosmopolitan literature. It identifies provincialism, Europolitanism, and the separation of literature and history as the primary factors that resist the prospects of world literature and short-circuit the interconnected synapses of life and the social imaginary. By examining Sara Suleri’s Meatless Days and A. H. Tanpınar’s Five Cities, Seyhan considers how a critical understanding of texts born at geographic peripheries or peripheral literary sites, yet outside provincial borders, endorses a vital engagement with world literature(s). A renewed reading of such works highlights their appointment with history and their reflection on the specificities of cultural variables that invest them with universal appeal.
Avoidance and tolerance of freezing in ectothermic vertebrates
Authors: Costanzo Jon P. , Lee Richard E.
Published: May 2013

Ectothermic vertebrates have colonized regions that are seasonally or perpetually cold, and some species, particularly terrestrial hibernators, must cope with temperatures that fall substantially below 0°C. Survival of such excursions depends on either freeze avoidance through supercooling or freeze tolerance. Supercooling, a metastable state in which body fluids remain liquid below the equilibrium freezing/melting point, is promoted by physiological responses that protect against chilling injury and by anatomical and behavioral traits that limit risk of inoculative freezing by environmental ice and ice-nucleating agents. Freeze tolerance evolved from responses to fundamental stresses to permit survival of the freezing of a substantial amount of body water under thermal and temporal conditions of ecological relevance. Survival of freezing is promoted by a complex suite of molecular, biochemical and physiological responses that limit cell death from excessive shrinkage, damage to macromolecules and membranes, metabolic perturbation and oxidative stress. Although freeze avoidance and freeze tolerance generally are mutually exclusive strategies, a few species can switch between them, the mode used in a particular instance of chilling depending on prevailing physiological and environmental conditions.
Effect of Textural Properties on the Adsorption and Desorption of Toluene on the Metal-Organic Frameworks HKUST-1 and MIL-101
Authors: Xu Feng , Xian Shikai , Xia Qibin , Li Yingwei , Li Zhong
Published: May 2013

The adsorption and desorption of toluene on metal-organic frameworks HKUST-1 and MIL-101 were studied. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic curves of toluene on HKUST-1 and MIL-101 were separately measured by gravimetric method. Temperature-programmed desorption experiments were carried out for estimating the interaction of toluene with the surfaces of HKUST-1 and MIL-101. Our experimental results showed that the isotherms of toluene on the adsorbents were well fitted by the Langmuir–Freundlich equation. The maximum amount of toluene adsorbed on MIL-101 was 15.1 mmol/g, which was much higher than that adsorbed on HKUST-1 (6.6 mmol/g). The high adsorption capacity of MIL-101 can be attributed to its higher surface area. However, the isotherm of toluene at P/P0 < 0.09 on HKUST-1 was much higher than that on MIL-101 owing to the smaller pore size of HKUST-1. It is suggested that HKUST-1 had better adsorption performance than MIL-101 at low concentration of volatile organic compounds. The desorption activation energies, Ed, of toluene on HKUST-1 and MIL-101 were 43.8 and 30.2 kJ/mol, respectively, meaning that the interaction of toluene with HKUST-1 was stronger than that with MIL-101. In addition, the diffusion coefficient of toluene within HKUST-1 was smaller than that within MIL-101. Results of thermal desorption experiments showed that the desorption efficiency of toluene from HKUST-1 and MIL-101 can separately reach above 93% and nearly 100% at 393 K, respectively.
Cyclic Behavior of 460 MPa High Strength Structural Steel and Welded Connection under Earthquake Loading
Authors: Shi Gang , Wang Meng , Wang Yuanqing , Wang Fei
Published: May 2013

In order to investigate the cyclic responses of high strength structural steel and welded effect on base metal under large inelastic strains induced by earthquakes, 27 coupons of Q460C steel and welded connection were tested subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading with various patterns. The typical behaviors were compared and discussed including monotonic properties, hysteretic behaviors, failure modes and cyclic constitutive characteristics. The monotonic and cyclic behaviors of steels with different yield strengths were also compared. Base on the test results, parameters of this high strength steel material and welded connection for a cyclic model combining isotropic and kinematic hardening were calibrated, which can be incorporated into numerical models of structures in ABAQUS. In addition, the parameters of a constitutive model for beam element analysis were also established and the model was further formulated into numerical analysis as a user defined material in ABAQUS. The analysis results revealed that the cyclic accumulation significantly affected the ductility of steel material and welded connection, comparing with monotonic behaviors. The welded connection coupons displayed greater levels of cyclic hardening than all the base metals, however, welding process made undesirable impacts on ductility of steel structures.
Successful Treatment of Pulmonary Blastomycosis with Continuously Infused Amphotericin B Deoxycholate After Failure with Liposomal Amphotericin B
Authors: Ariano Robert E , Mitchelmore Bradley R , Lagacé-Wiens Philippe RS , Zelenitsky Sheryl A
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To describe a case of successful treatment of severe pulmonary blasto mycosis with amphotericin B deoxycholate after failure of liposomal amphotericin B.

CASE SUMMARY:

A 35-year-old male was exposed to damp decomposing wood while cleaning his basement. He subsequently developed a cough, malaise, fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. He was admitted to the hospital and intubated for worsening pulmonary symptoms. Microscopic examination of his sputum indicated Blastomyces dermatitidis. Liposomal amphotericin B was administered for 6 days, but the patient's temperature reached 39.6 °C and his white blood cell (WBC) count reached 52,300/ μL. Extensive consolidation of both lungs fields was observed on chest X-ray. Because of progressive clinical deterioration, the treatment was switched to amphotericin B deoxycholate by continuous infusion. That change resulted in clinical improvement, with abrupt reductions (within 48 hours) in temperature and the WBC count. By day 14 of therapy (day 8 of amphotericin B deoxycholate), the chest X-ray showed improvement in diffuse airspace filling. After 16 days of amphotericin B treatment, intravenous followed by oral voriconazole was administered for 3 months. Eight months later the patient's strength had improved significantly, but he still had occasional episodes of shortness of breath.

DISCUSSION:

The management of blastomycosis is challenging because of the lack of clinically supporting data. The gold standard for severe pulmonary blastomycosis had been amphotericin B deoxycholate; however, improved safety data with liposomal amphotericin B for other fungal infections has suggested this as an effective alternative. This report describes a patient with severe pulmonary blastomycosis failing 6 days of liposomal amphotericin B, yet he tolerated and clinically responded to continuous infusion of amphotericin B deoxycholate. Based on this case report and a simulated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis, continuous infusion of amphotericin B deoxycholate may be a reasonable option for enhanced efficacy and minimal toxicity in patients with blastomycosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Ours is the first case report to use continuous infusion of amphotericin B deoxycholate for the management of pulmonary blastomycosis. These results suggest that liposomal amphotericin B may not be adequate in some patients for the management of B. dermatitidis pulmonary infections.
Subtherapeutic Linezolid Concentrations in a Patient with Morbid Obesity and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Muzevich Katie M , Lee Kimberly B
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To report a case of subtherapeutic linezolid concentrations in a patient with morbid obesity.

CASE SUMMARY:

A 34-year-old male with morbid obesity (265 kg, body mass index 82 kg/m2) was admitted for severe sepsis due to respiratory failure requiring emergent intubation and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Admission tracheal aspirate culture revealed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for which vancomycin was prescribed. Therapy subsequently was changed to linezolid, because the patient's clinical status worsened, with significant hypoxia (partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen [PaO2/FiO2] ratio 145), increasing leukocytosis (white blood cell count from 10,800/ μL on admission to 15,400/ μL on hospital day 6), and persistent fever (38.3 °C). After 48 hours of linezolid monotherapy, the patient remained febrile with continued leukocytosis, worsening hypoxemia, and a persistently positive MRSA culture from a repeat endotracheal aspirate. Linezolid serum concentrations were obtained and vancomycin was reinstituted, after which the patient began to improve (afebrile, improving PaO2/FiO2 ratio, decreasing leukocytosis). On hospital day 12, the patient removed his endotracheal tube, and a sputum sample was obtained for culture. The patient's clinical status subsequently declined, prompting addition of cefepime to his antibiotic regimen. This sputum culture revealed not only MRSA, but also quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli. After completing treatment for both organisms the patient was discharged home.

DISCUSSION:

Limited data on linezolid dosing in the morbidly obese population show lower serum drug concentrations than those in nonobese patients, but no clinical failure has been reported when treating MRSA skin and soft tissue infections or MRSA tracheitis. In our patient, low steady-state linezolid serum concentrations (peak 4.13 μg/mL [reference 15-27] and trough 1.27 μg/mL [reference 2-9]) were thought to contribute to his poor clinical response.

CONCLUSIONS:

To our knowledge, this is the first report of subtherapeutic linezolid concentrations correlated with decreased clinical effectiveness when during treatment of MRSA pneumonia in a patient with morbid obesity.
Dabigatran: Is There a Role for Coagulation Assays in Guiding Therapy?
Authors: Brunetti Luigi , Bandali Farooq
Published: May 2013

objective:

To determine the usefulness of coagulation assay monitoring for dabigatran etexilate in certain high-risk clinical situations.

DATA SOURCES:

Literature retrieval was accessed through MEDLINE (1948-February 2013), Web of Science (1980-February 2013), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1977-February 2013), and Google Scholar using the terms dabigatran, dabigatran etexilate, BIBR 1048, BIBR 953, direct thrombin inhibitor, therapeutic monitoring, and atrial fibrillation. In addition, abstracts presented at the 2011-2012 American Society of Hematology, American College of Cardiology, International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, and European Society of Cardiology annual meetings were reviewed. A search of Clinicaltrials.gov was performed to identify relevant ongoing or completed research.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:

All English-language articles identified from the data sources were evaluated for inclusion. Priority was placed on all data derived from controlled clinical studies.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

Of the 6 published Phase 3 studies, only the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of dabigatran for the prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Post hoc analyses of the RE-LY trial have provided additional information in special situations. Several published reports highlight the potential for complications with dabigatran, the importance of determining the most optimal candidates, and the need for therapeutic monitoring. Activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time are effective qualitative assays for dabigatran. Ecarin clotting time and the dilute thrombin time (ie, Hemoclot direct thrombin inhibitor) assays are suitable for quantitative measurement.

CONCLUSIONS:

The correlation between coagulation-based assays and clinical outcomes among dabigatran-treated patients has not been definitively established. However, coagulation-based assays may be useful in the management of several clinical scenarios.
Mental Health Treatment Associated with Community-Based Depression Screening: Considerations for Planning Multidisciplinary Collaborative Care
Authors: Winchester Bruce R , Watkins Sarah C , Brahm Nancy C , Harrison Donald L , Miller Michael J
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND:

Depression places a large economic burden on the US health care system. Routine screening has been recognized as a fundamental step in the effective treatment of depression, but should be undertaken only when support systems are available to ensure proper diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate differences in prescribing new antidepressants and referral to stress management, psychotherapy, and other mental health (OMH) counseling at physician visits when documented depression screening was and was not performed.

METHODS:

Cross-sectional physician visit data for adults from the 2005-2007 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were used. The final analytical sample included 55,143 visits, representing a national population estimate of 1,741,080,686 physician visits. Four dependent variables were considered: (1) order for new antidepressant(s), and referral to (2) stress management, (3) psychotherapy, or (4) OMH counseling. Bivariable and multivariable associations between depression screening and each measure of depression follow-up care were evaluated using the design-based F statistic and multivariable logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

New antidepressant prescribing increased significantly (2.12% of visits without depression screening vs 10.61% with depression screening resulted in a new prescription of an antidepressant). Referral to stress management was the behavioral treatment with the greatest absolute change (3.31% of visits without depression screening vs 33.10% of visits with depression screening resulted in a referral to stress management). After controlling for background sociodemographic characteristics, the adjusted odds ratio of a new antidepressant order remained significantly higher at visits involving depression screening (AOR 5.36; 99.9% CI 2.92-9.82), as did referrals for all behavioral health care services (ie, stress management, psychotherapy, and OMH counseling).

CONCLUSIONS:

At the national level, depression screening was associated with increased new antidepressant prescribing and referral for behavioral health care. It is critical for policy planners to recognize changes in follow-up depression care when implementing screening programs to ensure adequate capacity. Pharmacists are poised to assume a role in collaborative depression care, particularly with antidepressant medication therapy management.
REVIEWS
Authors: Pueyo Miquel , Cerdán Josetxo , Oroz Elena , Carrera Mar , Corcuera Raúl Martínez , Binimelis Mar , López Jaume , Zecchi Barbara
Published: May 2013

AICNÀLUBMA. REFLEXIONS SOBRE LA SOCIETAT I ELS MITJANS. PROPOSTES PER A LA NOVA TELEVISIÓ, JOAQUIM M. PUYAL (2011) Barcelona: Columna Edicions S.A., 348 pp., ISBN: 978-84-664-1372-5, p/bk, €23.50.

LA TELEVISIÓN DURANTE LA TRANSICIÓN ESPAÑOLA,
MANUEL PALACIO (2012) Madrid: Cátedra, 453 pp., ISBN: 978-84-376-3068-7, h/bk, €22.50

WHITE GYPSIES. RACE AND STARDOM IN SPANISH MUSICALS, EVA WOODS PEIRÓ (2012) Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 337pp.,ISBN: 978-0-8166-4584-8, h/bk, $75; ISBN:
978-0-8166-4585-5,p/bk, $25

CORRESPONSALS DE LES MIGRACIONS, JEAN-PAUL MARTHOZ (2012) Adapted by Carles Solá and Marta Muixí. Barcelona: Pol·len Edicions, 232 pp., ISBN: 978-84-86469-35-1, p/bk, €19

MINORÍAS EN RED. MEDIOS Y MIGRACIÓN EN
EUROPA, CILIA WILLEM (ED.) 2011 Col·lecció Transmedia XXI: Laboratori de Mitjans Interactius, Universitat de Barcelona, 110 pp., ISBN-10: 1466449810, p/bk, $10

TRANSNACIONALIZACIÓN DE LA FICCIÓN TELEVISIVA EN LOS PAÍSES IBEROAMERICANOS: ANUARIO
OBITEL 2012, GUILLERMO OROZCO GÓMEZ AND MARIA IMMACOLATA VASSALO DE LOPES (EDS) 2012 Porto Alegre: Sulina- Globo Comunicação, 592 pp., ISBN: 978-85-205-0664-6, Open Access, http://obitel.net/

LA MEDIATIZACIÓN DEL CONFLICTO POLÍTICO. DISCURSOS Y NARRATIVAS
EN EL CONTEXTO ESPAÑOL, ENRIC CASTELLÓ (ED) 2012 Barcelona: Laertes, 247 pp., ISBN: 978-84-7584-879-2, p/bk, €16

IMÁGENES DEL EROS: GÉNERO, SEXUALIDAD, ESTÉTICA Y CULTURA AUDIOVISUAL, FRANCISCO A. ZURIAN (ED) 2012 Madrid: Ocho y Medio, 311 pp., ISBN:
978-84-96582-78-1, p/bk, €12
‘ street water’: A community project to discover the underground network that connects the city with its rivers
Authors: Vianna Rachel De Sousa , Aragão Gaby De
Published: May 2013

This is the story of ‘Street Water Project’, which took place in the neighbourhood of Santo Antônio, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, between November 2010 and July 2011. The activities consisted of art and environment workshops in schools and poetic interventions in public
spaces designed to raise awareness of the population regarding the water sources that supply the city.

Esta é a história do projeto Água da Rua, realizado no Bairro Santo Antônio, na cidade de Belo Horizonte, Brasil, entre novembro de 2010 e julho de 2011. Tendo
como objetivo conscientizar a população sobre os recursos hídricos que abastecem a cidade, o projeto promoveu oficinas de arte e de educação ambiental em escolas e organizou intervenções poéticas em espaços públicos.
Learning and seeing through walls: The Karlín school’s form of education through art (raising questions of location, nation, trans-nation, history, myth and modernity)
Authors: Howard Jeremy
Published: May 2013

This article examines the Karlín School in Prague as a work of educational art. Built between 1904 and 1906 the school appeared like a modern learning palace and was adorned externally with four large scale murals and a range of sculptural works that taught not just the children
studying in the school but also the local citizens about the value of art in education. As much as the monumental artwork combined with the architecture of the school was about sensibility to beauty and quality, it was also pedagogical, historical, highly politicized and ideological. The nature
of these multiple signs of the artwork is analysed here, and considered within the contexts of national awakenings (particularly that of the Czechs in the early twentieth century) as well as the rise of teaching through art that Bohemia (through Comenius) had done so much to instigate.
The potential of audio and video for formative assessment purposes in music education in the lower secondary school in England: Issues arising from a small-scale study of trainee music teachers
Authors: Fautley Martin
Published: May 2013

This small-scale study charts the underuse by music teachers in England of audio- and video-recording technologies. It finds that despite their now highly affordable price, use of such technologies is not well embedded into secondary school music teachers’ day-to-day classroom
practices. The use of such technologies offers considerable potential for formative assessment purposes, including cognitive redistribution, and it is recommended that adoption of recording technologies offer significant advances in formative assessment practices and in developmental learning
opportunities for pupils
The impact of producers’ comments and musicians’ self-evaluation on perceived recording quality
Authors: Pras Amandine , Guastavino Catherine
Published: May 2013

The choice of recording technologies always transforms musicians’ perception of their performance when playing in the studio. In many cases, during recording sessions, musicians repeat the same musical composition over and over again without the presence of an audience. We hypothesize
that comments from an external record producer and/or self-evaluation after listening to the takes in the control room address the challenges of studio recording by helping musicians improve from one recorded take to another. We conduct a field experiment with 25 jazz players, grouped into
five ensembles, participating in recording sessions with four record producers. The musicians are invited to record four compositions, one in each of four experimental conditions. To create these conditions, we independently manipulate two types of feedback between takes: with or without comments
from the record producer and with or without musicians’ self-evaluation (after listening to the takes in the control room). Our results show that both external comments and self-evaluation provide objectivity by giving the ensemble a common ground. Specifically, listening to the first
take enhances creativity while external comments positively impact a takes’ evolution throughout the session
Dendritic GluN2A Synthesis Mediates Activity-Induced NMDA Receptor Insertion
Authors: Swanger Sharon A. , He Yuncen A. , Richter Joel D. , Bassell Gary J.
Published: May 2013

Long-term synaptic plasticity involves changes in the expression and membrane insertion of cell-surface proteins. Interestingly, the mRNAs encoding many cell-surface proteins are localized to dendrites, but whether dendritic protein synthesis is required for activity-induced surface expression of specific proteins is unknown. Herein, we used microfluidic devices to demonstrate that dendritic protein synthesis is necessary for activity-induced insertion of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors in rat hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, visualization of activity-induced local translation of GluN2A mRNA and membrane insertion of GluN2A protein in dendrites was directly observed and shown to depend on a 3′ untranslated region cytoplasmic polyadenylation element and its associated translation complex. These findings uncover a novel mechanism for cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of GluN2A mRNA to control NMDA receptor surface expression during synaptic plasticity.
Paraventricular Hypothalamic Regulation of Trigeminovascular Mechanisms Involved in Headaches
Authors: Robert Claude , Bourgeais Laurence , Arreto Charles-Daniel , Condes-Lara Miguel , Noseda Rodrigo , Jay Thérèse , Villanueva Luis
Published: May 2013

While functional imaging and deep brain stimulation studies point to a pivotal role of the hypothalamus in the pathophysiology of migraine and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, the circuitry and the mechanisms underlying the modulation of medullary trigeminovascular (Sp5C) neurons have not been fully identified. We investigated the existence of a direct anatomo-functional relationship between hypothalamic excitability disturbances and modifications of the activities of Sp5C neurons in the rat. Anterograde and retrograde neuronal anatomical tracing, intrahypothalamic microinjections, extracellular single-unit recordings of Sp5C neurons, and behavioral trials were used in this study. We found that neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) send descending projections to the superior salivatory nucleus, a region that gives rise to parasympathetic outflow to cephalic and ocular/nasal structures. PVN cells project also to laminae I and outer II of the Sp5C. Microinjections of the GABAAagonist muscimol into PVN inhibit both basal and meningeal-evoked activities of Sp5C neurons. Such inhibitions were reduced in acutely restrained stressed rats. GABAAantagonist gabazine infusions into the PVN facilitate meningeal-evoked responses of Sp5C neurons. PVN injections of the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP38) enhance Sp5C basal activities, whereas the antagonist PACAP6-38 depresses all types of Sp5C activities. 5-HT1B/Dreceptor agonist naratriptan infusion confined to the PVN depresses both basal and meningeal-evoked Sp5C activities. Our findings suggest that paraventricular hypothalamic neurons directly control both spontaneous and evoked activities of Sp5C neurons and could act either as modulators or triggers of migraine and/or trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias by integrating nociceptive, autonomic, and stress processing mechanisms.
Brain Characteristics of Individuals Resisting Age-Related Cognitive Decline over Two Decades
Authors: Pudas Sara , Persson Jonas , Josefsson Maria , de Luna Xavier , Nilsson Lars-Göran , Nyberg Lars
Published: May 2013

Some elderly appear to resist age-related decline in cognitive functions, but the neural correlates of successful cognitive aging are not well known. Here, older human participants from a longitudinal study were classified as successful or average relative to the mean attrition-corrected cognitive development across 15–20 years in a population-based sample (n= 1561). Fifty-one successful elderly and 51 age-matched average elderly (mean age: 68.8 years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an episodic memory face–name paired-associates task. Successful older participants had higher BOLD signal during encoding than average participants, notably in the bilateral PFC and the left hippocampus (HC). The HC activation of the average, but not the successful, older group was lower than that of a young reference group (n= 45, mean age: 35.3 years). HC activation was correlated with task performance, thus likely contributing to the superior memory performance of successful older participants. The frontal BOLD response pattern might reflect individual differences present from young age. Additional analyses confirmed that both the initial cognitive level and the slope of cognitive change across the longitudinal measurement period contributed to the observed group differences in BOLD signal. Further, the differences between the older groups could not be accounted for by differences in brain structure. The current results suggest that one mechanism behind successful cognitive aging might be preservation of HC function combined with a high frontal responsivity. These findings highlight sources for heterogeneity in cognitive aging and may hold useful information for cognitive intervention studies.
FACS Array Profiling Identifies Ecto-5′ Nucleotidase as a Striatopallidal Neuron-Specific Gene Involved in Striatal-Dependent Learning
Authors: Ena Sabrina L. , De Backer Jean-François , Schiffmann Serge N. , de Kerchove d'Exaerde Alban
Published: May 2013

The striatopallidal (STP) and striatonigral (STN) neurons constitute the main neuronal populations of the striatum. Despite the increasing knowledge concerning their involvement in multiple tasks associated with the striatum, it is still challenging to understand the precise differential functions of these two neuronal populations and to identify and study new genes involved in these functions. Here, we describe a reliable approach, applied on adult mouse brain, to generate specific STP and STN neuron gene profiles. STP and STN neurons were identified in the same animal using the transgenic Adora2A-Cre × Z/EG mouse model combined with retrograde labeling, respectively. Gene profiling was generated from FACS-purified neurons leading to the identification of new STP and STN neuron-specific genes. Knock-down models based on Cre-dependent lentiviral vector were developed to investigate their function either in striatal or in STP neurons. Thereby, we demonstrate that ecto-5′-nucleotidase (NT5e) is specifically expressed in STP neurons and is at the origin of most of the extracellular adenosine produced in the striatum. Behavioral analysis of striatal and STP neuron knock-down mouse models as well as NT5e knock-out mice demonstrates the implication of this STP neuron enzyme in motor learning.