bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence and Bioinformatics: A Powerful Synergy for Drug Design and Discovery
Authors: Manikumar Chakravarthi Chanda Hemantha , Mulpuru Viswajit , Mishra Nidhi
Published: November 2024

This chapter will emphasize the advances in artificial intelligence and
bioinformatics to accelerate the drug design and discovery process. The field of
artificial intelligence (AI) aims to develop machines and systems that can perform tasks
that require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, and decision-making. One
of the domains where AI has been applied is bioinformatics and computer-aided drug
designing (CADD). Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that uses computational
methods to analyze biological data, such as genomic, proteomic sequences and
structures, and gene expressions. CADD is the process of using computational tools to
design and optimize new drugs or drug candidates based on their molecular properties
and interactions with biological targets. AI can improve both bioinformatics and
CADD by providing novel methods for data analysis, pattern recognition, feature
extraction, prediction, optimization, and simulation. In this book chapter, we will
review the current state-of-the-art and future challenges of AI in bioinformatics and
CADD. We will discuss how AI can help solve some of the key problems in these
fields, such as data integration, data quality, data interpretation, data visualization, data
mining, data modelling, data validation, and data discovery. We will also highlight
some of the ethical, social, and legal implications of using AI in bioinformatics and
CADD, such as data privacy, data security, data ownership, data sharing, data
governance, data accountability, and data responsibility.
Artificial Intelligence Assisted Teaching and Learning and Research of Environmental Sciences
Authors: Khan Tahmeena , Mishra Priya , Hashmi Kulsum , Raza Saman , Singh Manisha , Joshi Seema , Khan Abdul Rahman
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become the latest tool in facilitating the
computer-assisted teaching-learning process. The AI-based teaching system is viewed
as a personalized one-on-one student-teacher interaction. AI in education is becoming
more common and has received a lot of attention recently. This growing interest is
likely to have a big impact on higher education. Many educators and educational
authorities are considering integrating AI topics into K-12 curricula, to provide school
students with insights into these evolving technologies. Recent studies on AI curricula
have mostly concentrated on identifying which AI tools are better for student learning
and what subject matter knowledge and abilities need to be taught. Since the goal of
these studies was to promote information, they designed their curriculum with
appropriate content, effective delivery methods, and strategies to increase students'
competency levels. Environmental education seeks to explore natural processes and
foster the development of skills and attitudes geared towards sustainability and the
protection of the environment. Recently, AI has been widely used in geological,
environmental, and related research. It can also assist in the exploration of energy
resources and minerals. The use of AI in education teaching-learning and academic
achievement has been elucidated in this chapter. This chapter also aims to explore the
role of AI-assisted teaching of environmental sciences and how it impacts the overall
learning experience. Understanding the role of AI in environmental sciences is very
important as it can address crucial problems like climate change, early prediction of
natural disasters, and many others. Currently, there is a need to develop accurate
models at an affordable time and cost. Other than research, the implementation of AI in
environmental education can lead to a change in students’ aptitude and interest and can
help in the development of sensitivity towards environmental protection.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning Chemical Sciences
Authors: Tanveer Shahla , Tanveer Mariyam , Tanveer Ayesha
Published: November 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing our everyday tasks, and
education has certainly not been left behind. AI harnesses technologies such as
machine learning, natural language processing, and deep learning, to execute tasks and
elevate our problem-solving capabilities. The infinite possibilities that arise due to
interactions between atoms and molecules further leading to bond formation are nearly
impossible for a human to comprehend. Thus, AI is playing a vital role in
understanding chemistry by accelerating research, designing novel molecules, and
optimizing processes. AI plays a diverse role, from assisting in drug discovery research
to identifying new drug targets to supporting personalized learning experiences that aid
students in their learning journeys. AI-powered adaptive learning system identifies a
student’s performance and tailor the learning requirements accordingly. Students
receive real-time feedback and personalised content helping them to understand the
concepts more easily. AI is being used to develop interactive simulations and
customized learning programs to help students learn chemistry more efficiently. Virtual
laboratories driven by AI provide a safe and reachable environment for hands-on
experience. This allows students to be inquisitive about chemical reactions, molecular
structures, and their spectroscopic analysis in a risk-free environment. Some examples
include Chat GPT, which helps create a customized learning experience for students
while helping them answer their queries, an AI-powered tutoring system known as
Socratic, which helps the students learn chemistry concepts, and Molecules in Motion
(an AI-powered simulation) to inspect the behaviour of molecules. This chapter
discusses how the union of AI and chemical sciences has accelerated innovation in the
field of chemistry and can further improve learning outcomes.
Performance of a Full-Coverage Cervical Cancer Screening Program Using on an Artificial Intelligence– and Cloud-Based Diagnostic System: Observational Study of an Ultralarge Population
Authors: Ji Lu , Yao Yifan , Yu Dandan , Chen Wen , Yin Shanshan , Fu Yun , Tang Shangfeng , Yao Lan
Published: November 2024

Background

The World Health Organization has set a global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer, emphasizing the need for cervical cancer screening coverage to reach 70%. In response, China has developed an action plan to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer, with Hubei province implementing China’s first provincial full-coverage screening program using an artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud-based diagnostic system.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of AI technology in this full-coverage screening program. The evaluation indicators included accessibility, screening efficiency, diagnostic quality, and program cost.

Methods

Characteristics of 1,704,461 individuals screened from July 2022 to January 2023 were used to analyze accessibility and AI screening efficiency. A random sample of 220 individuals was used for external diagnostic quality control. The costs of different participating screening institutions were assessed.

Results

Cervical cancer screening services were extended to all administrative districts, especially in rural areas. Rural women had the highest participation rate at 67.54% (1,147,839/1,699,591). Approximately 1.7 million individuals were screened, achieving a cumulative coverage of 13.45% in about 6 months. Full-coverage programs could be achieved by AI technology in approximately 1 year, which was 87.5 times more efficient than the manual reading of slides. The sample compliance rate was as high as 99.1%, and compliance rates for positive, negative, and pathology biopsy reviews exceeded 96%. The cost of this program was CN ¥49 (the average exchange rate in 2022 is as follows: US $1=CN ¥6.7261) per person, with the primary screening institution and the third-party testing institute receiving CN ¥19 and ¥27, respectively.

Conclusions

AI-assisted diagnosis has proven to be accessible, efficient, reliable, and low cost, which could support the implementation of full-coverage screening programs, especially in areas with insufficient health resources. AI technology served as a crucial tool for rapidly and effectively increasing screening coverage, which would accelerate the achievement of the World Health Organization’s goals of eliminating cervical cancer.
A Mixed Reality–Based Telesupervised Ultrasound Education Platform on 5G Network Compared to Direct Supervision: Prospective Randomized Pilot Trial
Authors: Kim Minha , Son Meong Hi , Moon Suhyeon , Cha Won Chul , Jo Ik Joon , Yoon Hee
Published: November 2024

Background

Ultrasound education is transitioning from in-person training to remote methods using mixed reality (MR) and 5G networks. Previous studies are mainly experimental, lacking randomized controlled trials in direct training scenarios.

Objective

This study aimed to compare an MR-based telesupervised ultrasound education platform on private 5G networks with traditional in-person training for novice doctors.

Methods

Conducted at a tertiary academic hospital from November to December 2023, the prospective unblinded randomized controlled pilot study assigned doctors without prior abdominal ultrasound education experience to either the telesupervision group (TG; n=20) or direct supervision group (DG; n=20). Participants received a 15-minute video lecture, conducted ultrasound on a phantom, and had 18 images scored by 2 blinded experts. Additionally, the TG received 5 minutes of training on the basic operation of a head-mounted display. Communication between doctors in the TG and supervisors was facilitated through a head-mounted display, whereas those in the DG interacted directly with supervisors. Primary outcomes were image quality scores, while secondary outcomes included procedure time, number of supervisor interventions, user experience using National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), System Usability Scale (SUS), and self-confidence through pre- and postsurveys.

Results

Image quality scores and procedure times showed no significant differences between the groups (TG: 66.8 [SD 10.3] vs DG: 66.8 [SD 10.4], P=.84; TG: 23.8 [SD 8.0] min vs DG: 24.0 [SD 8.1] min, P=.95, respectively). However, the TG engaged in more educational interventions (TG: 4.0 [SD 2.5] vs DG: 0.8 [SD 1.1], P<.001), reflecting a more interactive training environment. TG participants reported lower NASA-TLX scores for mental demand (43.8 [SD 24.8] vs 60.6 [SD 22.4], P=.03), effort (43.1 [SD 22.9] vs 67.9 [SD 17], P<.001), and frustration (26.9 [SD 20.3] vs 45.2 [SD 27.8], P=.02), indicating a reduced cognitive load compared to the DG. The mean SUS score was also higher in the TG (66.6 [SD 9.1] vs 60.2 [SD 10.4], P=.046), suggesting better usability. Both groups showed significant improvements in confidence, with the TG showing notably greater improvement in abdominal ultrasound proficiency (pre-education TG: 1.6 [SD 0.9] vs DG: 1.7 [SD 0.9], P=.73; post-education TG: 3.8 [SD 0.9] vs DG: 2.8 [SD 1.0], P=.006).

Conclusions

Although no significant differences in image quality scores were observed between groups, considerable differences in positive educational interactions, workload, and usability were evident. These findings emphasize the platform’s potential to enhance the ultrasound training experience, suggesting more interactive and efficient learning.
Comparative Evaluation of Consumer Wearable Devices for Atrial Fibrillation Detection: Validation Study
Authors: Wouters Femke , Gruwez Henri , Smeets Christophe , Pijalovic Anessa , Wilms Wouter , Vranken Julie , Pieters Zoë , Van Herendael Hugo , Nuyens Dieter , Rivero-Ayerza Maximo , Vandervoort Pieter , Haemers Peter , Pison Laurent
Published: November 2024

Background

Consumer-oriented wearable devices (CWDs) such as smartphones and smartwatches have gained prominence for their ability to detect atrial fibrillation (AF) through proprietary algorithms using electrocardiography or photoplethysmography (PPG)–based digital recordings. Despite numerous individual validation studies, a direct comparison of interdevice performance is lacking.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the ability of CWDs to distinguish between sinus rhythm and AF.

Methods

Patients exhibiting sinus rhythm or AF were enrolled through a cardiology outpatient clinic. The participants were instructed to perform heart rhythm measurements using a handheld 6-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) device (KardiaMobile 6L), a smartwatch-derived single-lead ECG (Apple Watch), and two PPG-based smartphone apps (FibriCheck and Preventicus) in a random sequence, with simultaneous 12-lead reference ECG as the gold standard.

Results

A total of 122 participants were included in the study: median age 69 (IQR 61-77) years, 63.9% (n=78) men, 25% (n=30) with AF, 9.8% (n=12) without prior smartphone experience, and 73% (n=89) without experience in using a smartwatch. The sensitivity to detect AF was 100% for all devices. The specificity to detect sinus rhythm was 96.4% (95% CI 89.5%-98.8%) for KardiaMobile 6L, 97.8% (95% CI 91.6%‐99.5%) for Apple Watch, 98.9% (95% CI 92.5%‐99.8%) for FibriCheck, and 97.8% (95% CI 91.5%‐99.4%) for Preventicus (P=.50). Insufficient quality measurements were observed in 10.7% (95% CI 6.3%-17.5%) of cases for both KardiaMobile 6L and Apple Watch, 7.4% (95% CI 3.9%‐13.6%) for FibriCheck, and 14.8% (95% CI 9.5%‐22.2%) for Preventicus (P=.21). Participants preferred Apple Watch over the other devices to monitor their heart rhythm.

Conclusions

In this study population, the discrimination between sinus rhythm and AF using CWDs based on ECG or PPG was highly accurate, with no significant variations in performance across the examined devices.
Development of a Web Platform to Facilitate the Implementation and Evaluation of Health Promoting Schools: Protocol for a Double Diamond Design Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Bermejo-Martínez Gemma , Julián José Antonio , Villanueva-Blasco Víctor José , Aibar Alberto , Corral-Abós Ana , Abarca-Sos Alberto , Generelo Eduardo , Mur Melania , Bueno Manuel , Ferrer Elisa , Artero Isabel , García-González Luis , Murillo-Pardo Berta , Ferriz Roberto , Menal-Puey Susana , Marques-Lopes Iva , Fajó-Pascual Marta , Ibor-Bernalte Eduardo , Zaragoza Casterad Javier
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Health Promoting Schools (HPS) have emerged as a powerful framework to promote healthy behaviors in many countries. However, HPS still present several challenges, highlighting the excessive workload involved in the accreditation, design, implementation, and evaluation processes. In this sense, a resource to facilitate the implementation processes may have a positive impact on the support of HPS.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to describe the co-design processes undertaken and resulting learnings to develop the Red Escuelas Promotoras de Salud (network of health promoting schools; REDEPS)-Gestion platform to facilitate the accreditation, design, implementation procedures, and evaluation processes of the Aragon's Health-Promoting School Network.

METHODS

The Double Diamond Design Approach was used to co-design this web-platform. The different stakeholders that participated in this co-design, progressed through a 4-stage reflective phase, to discover, define, develop, and deliver the REDEPS-Gestion platform.

RESULTS

Participants agreed that the functions of the REDEPS-Gestion platform should permit the management of both the educational centers and the administration such as accreditation processes, definition and review intervention projects, and preparation and review of the different progress reports to evaluate the HPS. Despite co-design being a well-established approach to creative practice, especially within the public sector, some challenges emerged during the co-design process, such as engaging and facilitating stakeholders’ participation or the complexity of combining the interests of all stakeholders. This approach allowed us to identify the main barriers for future users and implement platform improvements.

CONCLUSIONS

We hope that the REDEPS-Gestion platform will therefore be able to contribute to facilitating the implementation of HPS. The Double Diamond Design Approach used to co-design this web platform was an efficient and feasible methodological design approach. The REDEPS-Gestion platform will facilitate HPS implementation in Aragon as well as all the processes involving HPS. Future work will determine its effectiveness in improving HPS implementation.

CLINICALTRIAL

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/52110
Temporary Telemedicine Policy and Chronic Disease Management in South Korea: Retrospective Analysis Using National Claims Data (Preprint)
Authors: Kang Ji Ye , Jung Weon , Kim Hyun Ji , An Ji Hyun , Yoon Hee , Kim Taerim , Chang Hansol , Hwang Sung Yeon , Park Jong Eun , Lee Gun Tak , Cha Won Chul , Heo Sejin , Lee Se Uk
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Since its introduction, telemedicine for patients with chronic diseases has been studied in various clinical settings. However, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness and medical safety of the nationwide adoption of telemedicine.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to analyze the effects of telemedicine on chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic under a temporary telemedicine policy in South Korea using national claims data.

METHODS

Health insurance claims data were extracted over 2 years: 1 year before (from February 24, 2019, to February 23, 2020) and 1 year after the policy was implemented (from February 24, 2020, to February 23, 2021). We included all patients who used telemedicine at least once in the first year after the policy was implemented and compared them with a control group of patients who never used telemedicine. The comparison focused on health care use; the medication possession ratio (MPR); and admission rates to general wards (GWs), emergency departments (EDs), and intensive care units (ICUs) using difference-in-differences analysis. A total of 4 chronic diseases were targeted: hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and common mental disorders.

RESULTS

A total of 1,773,454 patients with hypertension; 795,869 patients with DM; 37,460 patients with COPD; and 167,084 patients with common mental disorders were analyzed in this study. Patients diagnosed with hypertension or DM showed increased MPRs without an increase in GW, ED, or ICU admission rates during the policy year. Moreover, patients in the DM group who did not use telemedicine had higher rates of ED, GW, and ICU admissions, and patients in the hypertension group had higher rates of GW or ICU admissions after 1 year of policy implementation. This trend was not evident in COPD and common mental disorders.

CONCLUSIONS

The temporary telemedicine policy was effective in increasing medication adherence and reducing admission rates for patients with hypertension and DM; however, the efficacy of the policy was limited for patients with COPD and common mental disorders. Future studies are required to demonstrate the long-term effects of telemedicine policies with various outcome measures reflecting disease characteristics.
Digital registry-based solution for screening and management of fatigue and cognitive problems in multiple sclerosis (Preprint)
Authors: Hämäläinen Päivi , Lämsä Elina , Viitala Matias , Kuusisto Hanna , Niiranen Marja , Avikainen Sari , Puustinen Juha , Ryytty Mervi , Ruutiainen Juhani , Soilu-Hänninen Merja
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Digital patient registries are actively used in the monitoring of long-term diseases. The potential of the registries in the management of symptoms is underutilized.

OBJECTIVE

The present paper reports the Finnish registry-based procedure to screen and manage cognitive symptoms and fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS). The data collected during the first two years is presented.

METHODS

The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ), and the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC) were implemented into the Finnish MS registry to screen symptoms related to cognition and fatigue. For self-management purposes, feedback reports based on the results on the MSNQ and the FSMC were created. To assess patient-perceived disease severity, disability, and quality of life (QoL), the Patient-Reported Expanded Disability Status Scale (PREDSS), the Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), and the Euro Quality of Life – 5 Dimension (EQ-5D) were implemented into the registry.

RESULTS

At the end of 2020, Finnish procedure to screen and manage patient-perceived concerns related to cognition and fatigue together with self-assessment of disease status, symptoms, and QoL annually was introduced. By the beginning of 2023, 134 patients have been assessed with the SDMT. 329 patients have filled out the FSMC and 172 patients the MSNQ at least once and have received the corresponding feedback reports. The mean SDMT score is 49.6, MSNQ score 35.3, total FSMC score 63.0, and sub-score for motor and cognitive fatigue 31.6 and 31.5, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The Finnish MS registry offers a digital platform for systematic screening and self-management of fatigue and cognitive problems in MS. Patient registries should be better recognized as e-Health solutions.
Employers Perspectives of Caregiver-Friendly Workplace Policy for Caregiver-Employees' Caring for Older Adults in Hong Kong (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Maggie Man-sin , Yeoh Eng-Kiong , Wong Eliza Lai-Yi
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Hong Kong is experiencing a rapidly ageing population, s0 caregiver- employees in the workplace are not uncommon. However, awareness of such employees is low and caregiver-specific workplace policies are generally unknown. This study is the first in the literature to attempt to capture employers' perspectives on such policies and also their needs in future implementation.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study are to identify the support currently provided or could be provided to Caregiver-Employees (CEs) caring for older adults in Hong Kong and the challenges and facilitative support for employers to adopt Caregiver-Friendly Workplace Policies (CFWP) in the specific context of Hong Kong.

METHODS

A qualitative research design with semi-structured individual in-depth interviews with seventeen employers from private, public, and non-governmental organization sectors in Hong Kong was adopted for this study. Thematic framework analysis was used to evaluate the data collected during the interviews.

RESULTS

Seventeen employers and managers comprising four males (24%) and 13 females (76%) from eight major industries in Hong Kong were interviewed. Four main themes were identified: (1) current support and potential support for CEs, (2) challenges in adopting CFWP, (3) facilitating support for adopting CFWP, and (4) incentives for adopting CFWP. The informants rated information and resources for CEs, bereavement leave, flexible working hours, and caregiver-inclusive corporate culture as the essential CFWP for CEs in Hong Kong.

CONCLUSIONS

While several studies have reported the types of CFWP and their impact on CEs, stakeholders' perspectives on CFWPs are rarely investigated. This study finds that although employers consider CFWP necessary and see it as a catalyst for a long-term win-win situation, the current support for CEs is discretionary and industry-specific. Government leadership is critical for formulating, piloting, and implementing CFWP to create a friendly environment that encourages disclosure with trust and respect across industry sectors in Hong Kong.
Integrating Nurses’ Perspectives into Nursing Summary Design: A Co-Design Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Park Suhyun , Marquard Jenna L. , Austin Robin R. , Martin Christie L. , Pieczkiewicz David S. , Delaney Connie W.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Although electronic health record nursing summaries aim to provide a concise overview of patient data, they often fall short of meeting nurses’ information needs, leading to underutilization. This gap arises from a lack of involvement of nurses in the design of health information technologies.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this co-design study was to solicit insights from nurses regarding nursing summary design considerations, including key information types and the preferred design prototype.

METHODS

We recruited clinical nurses (N = 33) practicing in inpatient units at a university hospital in the Midwest. We used images from a simulated nursing summary to generate visual card versions of the 46 information types currently included in an electronic health record nursing summary. Participants evaluated the relevance of each information type card to the nursing summary and indicated their preferred arrangement of the information type on a summary layout. After participants evaluated the information type cards, debriefing interviews were conducted to explore their rationales for the desired content and its arrangement.

RESULTS

The participants demonstrated a high level of engagement in the co-design process. On average, all 33 participants included 61% (n = 28) of the total information types (n = 46). The most frequently included cards were unit specimen (lab), activity, diet, and hospital problems. Participants most frequently preferred adjacency of the following pairs: activity and diet (paired by 26 participants; 79%) and notes to physicians and notes to treatment team (paired by 25 participants; 76%). Participants preferred arranging the cards to improve information accessibility, focusing on key information types.

CONCLUSIONS

Involving nurses in the co-design process may result in more useful and usable designs, thereby reducing the time required to navigate nursing summaries. Future work should include refining and evaluating prototypes based on the designs created by the nurses.

CLINICALTRIAL

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Practice of Naturalism in Naguib Mahfouz’s Midaq Alley
Authors: Wulandari Betty Ayunda , Surur Misbahus
Published: November 2024

Naturalism novels portray the reality of life in a sharper and more decisive way than realism novels. Naturalism takes the place of building a narrative, like shooting a photographic reality by zooming in. Narrative naturalism normally provides a sharp depiction of reality without idealization. This study identified the description of reality through elements of naturalism in the novel Midaq Alley by Naguib Mahfouz. This study deployed Emile Zola’s naturalism theory with a qualitative descriptive approach. The primary data source was the novel Midaq Alley by Naguib Mahfouz, supported by secondary data from relevant books and journal articles. The data were in sentences or paragraphs collected by reading and note-taking techniques. The results of this study figured out the elements of naturalism in the novel Midaq Alley by Naguib Mahfouz, including aspects of objectivity, setting, determinism, pessimism, and plot twists. The provisions for selecting these elements were based on findings practiced in writing the novel Midaq Alley. The novelty of this article lies in the discovery of elements of Emile Zola’s naturalism in the novel Midaq Alley by Naguib Mahfouz and the evidence of a picture of the postwar situation of Egypt depicted in real, alive, but natural by the author.
Deconstructing Rahwana’s Alternate Character in Neelakantan's Rahwana: Kisah Rahasia through Derrida’s Perspective
Authors: Wardani Vistaria Kusuma , Triyono Sulis
Published: November 2024

This study explored the deconstruction of Rahwana's 'Ravana' character in Anand Neelakantan's novel Rahwana: Kisah Rahasia through the lens of Jacques Derrida's deconstruction theory. The novel narrates Rahwana's journey as he strives to elevate the status of his family and nation. Derrida's deconstruction approach was selected to uncover the complex layers within literary texts, challenging traditional interpretations. As a descriptive-qualitative study, this research analyzed textual evidence from the novel to compare the initial portrayal of Rahwana with his deconstructed character. The findings indicated a complex duality in Rahwana's depiction: while his traditional characterization was marked by ruthlessness, arbitrariness, defiance of divine authority, and ambition, the deconstructed perspective revealed his compassionate, just, devout, and even pessimistic dimensions. These contrasting portrayals underscored the fluidity of Rahwana's character, which was uncovered through the deconstruction. The novelty of this research is to rethink of Rahwana's alternate character from his traditional character embedded in popular puppet stories through a deconstruction approach. Finally, the story of Rahwana has various versions, particularly related to Sinta's abduction. Some stories reveal Rahwana's love for Sinta in romantic ways, while in Neelakantan's novel Rahwana: Kisah Rahasia, Rahwana's love is depicted as a father's love for his daughter, not as a couple romance.
A Poet's Perspective: The Beauty of Life Reflected in Boris Pasternak’s Later Works
Authors: Supian Supian , Prikhoda Ekaterina , Dallyono Ruswan , Ladinata Ladinata
Published: November 2024

This article examines the relationship between Boris Pasternak’s life and his artistic expression through his later poems. Following Wellek & Warren’s (1954) qualitative biographical analysis of Pasternak, which is basically associated with the qualitative method, we examined his personal narrative that contributed to the formation of his poetic voice. Data were taken from Pasternak’s later poems, namely “When It Clears Up” (1956-1959)–to Pasternak’s life stories, mainly taken from Pasternak’s biography by Hingley (2021) and the compilations of his letters to his family and friends (Slater, 2010). This study revealed that the events in his life greatly influenced his creation because they became the key motif of his narrative. The death of his brother and sister was influential in his studies of mortality and death, including grief. Peredelkino was a small village, and his longer period of stay helped him to have a chance to escape in nature and to experience loneliness to the greatest extent. In addition, his poetic work carries the features left by his teachers Alexander Skryabin and Hermann Cohen. To make up for the criticism of Belyi, whom he met in the summer of 1911, Skryabin offered Pasternak the aesthetic ideals of the latter work, developing the principles of poetry. Thus, in addition to recommending for Pasternak’s literary reading material other authors’ opinions on various philosophical issues, Cohen’s philosophic teaching enriched Pasternak’s outlook on the world and launched the latter on his poetic path. Understanding the specifics of Pasternak’s late poems provides knowledge of his life shots and the interconnectedness between his experiences and creation. The novelty of this study is reflected in the integration of a biographical analysis with a poetic interpretation. Such an approach uniquely combines the qualitative biographical analysis with a close reading of Pasternak’s later poems.
Land and Legacy: Investigating Horizontal Conflicts in the Short Story "Dataran Melengen" through Postcolonial Ecocriticism Framework
Authors: Hidayani Vini , Alung Alung , Nasution Riandry Fadilah
Published: November 2024

The issue of ecology in former colonies is an inevitable consequence of past colonialism. The difference now is that the “colonial” subjects have transformed into multinational corporations that exploit nature and people by seizing the land on which communities depend for their livelihoods. This land grabbing is sanctioned by Indonesia through the legalization of laws that allow capitalism to flourish, while local communities become increasingly impoverished. This ecological issue is depicted in literature that critically addresses environmental issues. Therefore, this study examines the short story “Dataran Melengen” (2003) by Korrie Layun Rampan, which actively portrays the ecological issues in Kalimantan caused by companies holding Forest Concession Rights. This research actively employs postcolonial ecocriticism theory by Graham Huggan and Helen Tiffin as its formal framework and critically analyzes the text using Fairclough's critical discourse analysis method. This theory extensively discusses ecological issues in postcolonial countries, highlighting how state approval and abuse of power contribute to these issues. The study reveals ecological issues within the Dataran Melengen community, including horizontal conflicts driven by poverty, along with cultural loss, terror, and trauma. The short story “Dataran Melengen” serves two key functions as mentioned by Huggan and Tiffin: aesthetic and advocacy. These functions are expected to catalyze a third function—activism—where literature can drive social change. The research process involved a close reading of the text, contextual analysis, and a critical discourse approach to explore the interplay between narrative, power, and ecology.
Derechos Humanos y estándares de investigación: una mirada desde la intervención de las comunicaciones en el proceso penal cubano.
Authors: González Rodríguez Yenisey
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to argue, from a look at the human rights of privacy and the secrecy of communications, the significance of the principles of legality, proportionality and strict necessity, as investigative standards, which inform the intervention of communications in the Cuban criminal process and the role that  the Prosecutor plays in this to guarantee the legality of such investigative acts, based on the challenges imposed by Law 143 of 2021 “On criminal proceedings”. It is posed as a research problem: what are the research standards on which the interventions of communications in the Cuban criminal process must be based, which guarantee the exercise of the rights of privacy and the secrecy of communications? As a hypothesis, the existence of investigative standards in the interventions of communications in the Cuban criminal process is stated, which would guarantee the exercise of the rights of privacy and the secrecy of communications. The research methods of analysis-synthesis, historical-legal and exegetical analysis were used, as well as document review, which allowed us to offer final considerations on the topic.
Speed Breaker and Potholes Detection Using DL and IoT
Authors: Khambadkar Prasad
Published: November 2024

This project introduces a novel approach to enhance road safety by implementing a real-time pothole detection system. The system utilizes a camera module to capture video input, which is then processed using a Python file for Image detection. Upon detecting a pothole or a speed breaker, the system triggers a buzzer to alert nearby vehicles and pedestrians. This alert mechanism aims to reduce the risk of accidents and vehicle damage caused by potholes, thereby improving overall road safety. Additionally, the project can contribute to the efficient maintenance of roads by enabling timely repair of identified potholes. The system's effectiveness in alerting road users and facilitating prompt repairs underscores its potential to enhance the quality and safety of transportation infrastructure. Also a concept of RQI (Road Quality Index) will improve the transport and travelling over the road. And to make a database which contain coordinates where speed breakers and potholes are present and this database will be real time
Constant-depth circuits for Boolean functions and quantum memory devices using multi-qubit gates
Authors: Allcock Jonathan , Bao Jinge , Doriguello Joao F. , Luongo Alessandro , Santha Miklos
Published: November 2024

We explore the power of the unbounded Fan-Out gate and the Global Tunable gates generated by Ising-type Hamiltonians in constructing constant-depth quantum circuits, with particular attention to quantum memory devices. We propose two types of constant-depth constructions for implementing Uniformly Controlled Gates. These gates include the Fan-In gates defined by |x⟩|b⟩↦|x⟩|b⊕f(x)⟩ for x∈{0,1}n and b∈{0,1}, where f is a Boolean function. The first of our constructions is based on computing the one-hot encoding of the control register |x⟩, while the second is based on Boolean analysis and exploits different representations of f such as its Fourier expansion. Via these constructions, we obtain constant-depth circuits for the quantum counterparts of read-only and read-write memory devices – Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM) and Quantum Random Access Gate (QRAG) – of memory size n. The implementation based on one-hot encoding requires either O(nlog(d)⁡nlog(d+1)⁡n) ancillae and O(nlog(d)⁡n) Fan-Out gates or O(nlog(d)⁡n) ancillae and 16d−10 Global Tunable gates, where d is any positive integer and log(d)⁡n=log⁡⋯log⁡n is the d-times iterated logarithm. On the other hand, the implementation based on Boolean analysis requires 8d−6 Global Tunable gates at the expense of O(n1/(1−2−d)) ancillae.
Monetary Policy and Firm Trade Credit: Do Macroeconomic Indicators Matter?
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar at School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan, Ahmad Farooq , Rashid Abdul ,   Professor/Director General and Chairman, Research at International Institute of Islamic Economics (IIIE), International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the presence of the credit channel using firm-level panel data of 450 firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange from 1988-2021. Moreover, it uses a two-step system generalized method of moments (S-GMM) estimator to extend the market power theory and Meltzer's firm trade credit (FTC) theory by integrating the moderating role of financialization (FLN) and gross domestic product (GDP) growth in establishing the effect of monetary policy (MP) on FTC. Specifically, our analytical framework enables us to estimate the marginal effect of monetary policy (MP) on FTC at different GDP levels by considering different fixed levels of MP instruments. The results reveal a positive effect of MP on FTC, confirming the credit channel of monetary transmission mechanism (MTM). The results reveal that higher FLN facilitates firms to avail external borrowing during contractionary MP, which decreases MP's positive effect on FTC. The findings show that 1% increase in GDP will reduce the negative effect of MP on FTC by 0.0004% and it is significant at 1%. Similarly, 1% increase in FLN increases the negative effect of MP on FTC by -0.0002. Moreover, the findings show that GDP growth strengthens the impact of monetary policy on firm trade credit. The empirical results give important policy implications. For example, FLN should increase competition among financial sectors to ensure the availability of funds and firms' investment efficiency at the time of contractionary MP. Moreover, the government should enhance GDP growth through tax exceptions so that firms should not suffer during tight MP periods.
Designing a Structured Insulin Pump Program Pathway and Reducing Wait Times in the Diabetes Clinic at BC Children’s Hospital
Authors: Abdulhussein Fatema S. , Basak Sanjukta , McGregor Deep , Breadon Hannah , Vance Erica , Creagh Jillian , Moffitt Tavia , Herrmann Sharleen , Morgan Shayni , Amed Shazhan
Published: November 2024

Quality Improvement Success Stories are published by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American College of Physicians and the National Diabetes Education Program. This series is intended to highlight best practices and strategies from programs and clinics that have successfully improved the quality of care for people with diabetes or related conditions. Each article in the series is reviewed and follows a standard format developed by the editors of Clinical Diabetes. The following article describes an initiative to optimize the insulin pump initiation process at a Canadian children’s hospital.
Evaluation of Gait Parameters after Cerebrovascular Accident
Authors: Alarab Azzam , N Taqatqa , R Attoun , D Karaja
Published: November 2024

One of the main issues for stroke victims is restoring normal walking function, which necessitates a large amount of time being devoted to relearning how to walk. The aim of the study was to evaluate the walking efficiency of patients who Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) post of 2 months of Stroke by using specialized camera program to take angles during walking. The study was focus on patients who have Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) two months prior to the study and have received the international protocol for physical therapy in this period, 7 patients were undergo examination using the Kinovea capture system, and they were analyze the data generated from the system, the results issued by two physical therapists were be evaluated, and after completing this examination, the 7 patients were be given a Stroke Specific Quality Of Life Scale (SS-QOL) and filled out. The results were be achieved in the routine methods by checking some variables. Then we were come up with the results to achieve the aim of this study. According to the study, (57%) of the patients were female and (43%) were male. The results of the capture system are shown there are no significant statistical differences in limb swing time between the affected lower extremity and the intact lower extremity (p = 0.082), and, there are no significant statistical differences in limb stance time between the affected lower extremity and the intact lower extremity (p=0.141), and, there are no significant statistical differences in step length between the affected lower extremity and the intact lower extremity in patients with cerebrovascular accident (p = 0.383) , and, there are no significant statistical differences in stride length between patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) after 2 months of regular physical therapy sessions and normal stride length (p = 0.176).
Noradrenaline: Can we Use it to Manage Hemodynamic Instability among Neonatal Septic Shock at the NICU?
Authors: HEH Mohammed Maged , SSM Khalifa , WAM Said Abdelfattah , MZ* Hafez , RH Amin , MF Hassan , M El-Sayad Abd El-Hamid
Published: November 2024

Background: The osteopathological etiology of shock in newborn neonates is distinct and necessitates meticulous evaluation to guide targeted therapies. Timely diagnosis is essential for effective management. The prevalence of newborn septic shock in low-income nations is 26.8%, accompanied by a fatality rate of 35.4%. The research regarding the hemodynamic effects of noradrenaline in newborns is limited. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of noradrenaline on ventricular parameters and Vital parameters and blood gases in neonatal septic shock patients admitted to the neonatal critical care unit at Al-Azhar University hospitals. Methods: This prospective cohort study performed on 200 neonates with septic shock born in the delivery room of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department admitted to the NICU at Al Azhar University Hospitals from September 2023 to June 2024. Parents and caregivers of neonates signed an informed consent form after explaining the advantages and possible risks of the study. The ethical committee of Al-Azhar University Hospitals approved the study protocol. Results: Neonatal characteristics distribution there were 71% patients had SGA (<10th centile), mean of birth weight ranged from 1230-3800 kg with mean of 2100.80±1740.11 kg, duration of shocked ranged from 4-12 days, with mean 7.96±6.13 days, NICU stay was ranged from 4-9 days with mean 6.82±3.10 days. Regarding the intraventricular hemorrhage among the studied neonates, most of patients had grade 1 by 20%, followed 9% had grades 3 and 7.5% had grades 2, then 2.5% only had grade 4. The mortality rate in neonates with septic shock under study was 26.5%. Regarding echocardiographic parameters, VO and FS were significantly higher at 1 hour of noradrenaline (288.30±163.9, 47.32±19.12) compared to an initiation (212.4±79.18, 29.50±14.01), (p˂0.05). MBP significantly improved after noradrenaline (37.82 ±8.22) compared to before noradrenaline (30.65 ±6.11). Conclusion: The death rate among infants with septic shock in this study was 26.5%. The administration of noradrenaline in addressing hemodynamic instability during neonatal septic shock plays a critical yet complex role in the neonatal intensive care environment. Noradrenaline significantly increases systemic vascular resistance and elevates mean arterial pressure, which is essential for preserving organ perfusion in at-risk newborns.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO ESPECTRAL DE ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS NATIVAS E A DETERMINAÇÃO DE ÍNDICES DE VEGETAÇÃO OBTIDA POR GEOPROCESSAMENTO
Authors: Silva Valdemir Fernando da , Morais Daniel Pereira de , Moraes Alex Souza , Oliveira Fabrynne Mendes , Andrade Júlio Silva Corrêa de Oliveira , Moraes Vitocley Bezerra , Brandão Yana Batista , Souza João Gabriel , Oliveira Dinaldo Cavalcanti , Silva Alberto Antônio , Bezerra Luis Rodrigo Dandrada , Borba Alexandre Luiz Souza
Published: November 2024

O Sensoriamento Remoto é uma ferramenta que utiliza diversas técnicas para o estudo da interação da energia eletromagnética com os alvos terrestres. A utilização de produtos e técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento nas análises ambientais tem se tornado uma prática cada vez mais freqüente entre as diversas áreas de pesquisa. Diante do exposto, esse estudo teve dois objetivos: conhecer a variação natural da curva de reflectância entre folhas de cinco espécies nativas, e determinar três indices de vegetação por meio de dados obtidos do satelite KOMPSAT-2 Foram analisadas a os dados de reflectancia obtidos de cinco espécies nativas, são elas: Açoita cavalo (Luehea paniculata Mart.); Aroeira vermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi); Aroeira braba (Schinus leucocarpus Mart. ex Engl. in Mart. & Eichl.); Ingá (Ingá sp.) e Pata de vaca (Bauhinia acreana Harms). Para determinar as bandas mais eficazes na diferenciação das espécies, os dados originais foram submetidos a análises estatísticas utilizando o software 'R'. Posteriormente foi calculado tres indices de vegetação, sendo eles: Índice de vegetação da diferença normalizada, RATIO e o Índice de vegetação ajustado ao solo. As bandas 2 e 4 foram as que permitiram diferenciar as cinco espécies florestais pelo teste de Tukey a 5 % de probabilidade. A avaliação dos índices de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI), RATIO e Indice por ajustamento ao solo (SAVI), apresentarm valores variando entre (0,52 a 0,77), (3,83 a 7,90) e (0,49-0,64), respectivamente. conclui-se que as melhores bandas para diferenciam as cinco especies nativas estudadas foram a Banda 2 e 4, dessa forma as bandas 1 e 3 não são adequadas para diferi-las. Os indices de vegetação permitiram observar qual o comportamento da reflectancias das espécies, desse modo, constatou-se as espécies Acoita Cavalo e Ingá apresentaram os maiores valores para os indices aplicados.
Blind image deblurring using fractional order derivatives and total variation: A Nash equilibrium approach
Authors:   Hassan II University of Casablanca, LMCSA, FST, Mohammadia, Berhich S. , Moussaid N. ,   Hassan II University of Casablanca, LMCSA, FST, Mohammadia
Published: November 2024

Fractional-order modeling represents a viable approach for addressing the inherent limitations of total variation in image deblurring tasks. This technique is achieved through the discretization of fractional derivatives and has demonstrated significant advancements in enhancing the quality of reconstructed images. Building upon the success of our previous work on blind deconvolution, where we utilized an image-based total variation to reduce the staircase effect, we analyze and test a novel blind deblurring model based on β-order fractional derivatives using the Nash game. This game employs the same type of players, each with their strategy to find an optimal solution, as defined in our previous work. Furthermore, we compare our proposed method with classical and fractional-order methods with different β parameters. Our numerical results demonstrate, that our method achieves higher effectiveness and better image quality compared to existing reconstruction methods.