bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carboxymethylcellulose modified Fe3O4@SiO2@GdPO4:Tb3+,Ce3+ nanocomposites for combined optical and magnetic fluid hyperthermia in cancer therapy
Authors: Yengkhom Dhanapriya Devi , Ningombam Goutam Singh , Heisnam Rameshwari , Sharma Nanaocha , Nongmaithem Rajmuhon Singh , Chipem Francis A. S.
Published: November 2023

A stepwise synthetic method is reported for the synthesis of multifunctional, magnetic and luminescent composites with silica-coated Fe3O4 as the core and Ce3+ sensitized Tb3+ doped GdPO4 embedded in carboxymethylcellulose.
Linker substitution influences succinimide ring hydrolysis equilibrium impacting the stability of attachment to antibody–drug conjugates
Authors: Wang Lu , Hobson Adrian D. , Salomon Paulin L. , Fitzgibbons Julia , Xu Jianwen , McCarthy Sean , Wu Kan , Jia Ying , Hernandez Axel , Li Xiang , Xu Zhou , Wang Zhongyuan , Yu Yajie , Li Junxian , Tao Lin
Published: November 2023

Maleimide is used in antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) generation to attach the drug-linker to the antibody. Maleimide linkers with hydrolysis-enabled maleimides were designed. Corresponding ADCs were made and subjected to thermal stress, and succinimide ring hydrolysis and drug release were measured.
Synthetic and mechanistic study on the conjugate isothiocyanation of enones with trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate
Authors: Li Yanmei , Castañeda-Bagatella Diana M. , Kakkad Dhyeyi , Ai Yongling , Chen Hao , Champagne Pier Alexandre
Published: November 2023

The conjugate isothiocyanation of enones with trimethylsilyl isothioyanate provides excellent yields of β-isocyanato ketones under mild conditions, through a thermodynamically-controlled addition of the thiocyanate anion on the protonated enone.
Solid polymer electrolytes reinforced with porous polypropylene separators for all-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Weidong , Li Zhiyun , Pan Fang , He Qingyi , Zhang Qiushi
Published: November 2023

The composite membranes combining ionic liquid-filled solid polymer electrolytes with polypropylene microporous separators simultaneously achieve excellent mechanical strength and electrochemical properties.
Multi-stimuli responsive photonic hydrogel based on a novel photonic crystal template containing gold nanorods
Authors: Lv Hanlin , Li Jin , Hu Zhengsheng , Wang Yuhang , Chen Yanjun , Wang Yifeng
Published: November 2023

Based on a novel polystyrene photonic crystal template containing gold nanorods, a multi-stimuli responsive photonic hydrogel was prepared, exhibiting NIR light, pH and temperature responsiveness.
Revani diffusion model in Cu(In,Ga)Se2
Authors: Colombara Diego , Stanbery Billy J. , Sozzi Giovanna
Published: November 2023

Sodium doping has multifaceted effects in Cu(In,Ga)Se2, some of which remain unsolved since 1993. Here, we propose a thought experiment to unravel them. The Frank–Turnbull alkali ion diffusion hypothesis brings about anisotropy-induced fluctuations.
Heterostructured MoP/CoMoP2 embedded in an N, P-doped carbon matrix as a highly efficient cooperative catalyst for pH-universal overall water splitting
Authors: Zheng Luyao , Liu Cong , Zhang Wenbiao , Gao Boxu , Yan Tianlan , Zhang Yahong , Cao Xiaoming , Gao Qingsheng , Tang Yi
Published: November 2023

To design and build effective electrocatalysts for water splitting is a key challenge, but hardly any non-noble metal catalysts can match the performance of Pt at cathodes and Ir or Ru at anodes.
Rational design of a carbon/potassium poly(heptazine imide) heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic H2 and H2O2 evolution
Authors: Pelicano Christian Mark , Li Jiaxin , Cabrero-Antonino María , Silva Ingrid F. , Peng Lu , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Navalón Sergio , García Hermenegildo , Antonietti Markus
Published: November 2023

We construct a carbon/KPHI heterostructure for high-performance photocatalytic H2 and H2O2 evolution. The optimal 0.3Ad/KPHI hybrid showed an outstanding H2 evolution rate of 738 μmol h−1 gcat−1 and H2O2 production rate of 3.94 mmol h−1 gcat−1.
A tree-root mimicked Janus evaporator for solar evaporation of saturated saline water
Authors: Wang Zhaolong , Zhan Ziheng , Li Yinfeng , Xie Mingzhu , Kong Hui , Duan Huigao , Chen Yongping
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate a new type of solar evaporation system with microchannels and macrochannels possessing different wettabilities working as Janus devices inspired by poplar trees, leading to effective water evaporation and salt rejection performance for saturated saline water.
Polycarbazole-SEBS-crosslinked AEMs based on two spacer polymers for high-performance AEMWE
Authors: Min Kyungwhan , Jeong Insu , Kim Hayoung , Kim Tae-Hyun
Published: November 2023

x-Car-SEBS, prepared by crosslinking two spacer-type polymers with flexible ion-conducting groups, were developed for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis. The membrane exhibits excellent ion conductivity, chemical stability, and water electrolysis cell performance of 1.25 mA cm−2 at 1.8 V.
Asymmetric dual species copper(ii/i) electrolyte dye-sensitized solar cells with 35.6% efficiency under indoor light
Authors: Meethal Sruthi Meledath , Pradhan Sourava Chandra , Velore Jayadev , Varughese Sunil , Pillai Renjith S. , Sauvage Frédéric , Hagfeldt Anders , Soman Suraj
Published: November 2023

Addressing undesirable recombination in indoor light harvesting dye-sensitized solar cells using innovative dual species copper electrolyte concept realizing a record PCE of 35.6%. A sustainable alternative to primary batteries for self-powered IoTs & indoor photovoltaics.
A covalent organic framework based on BOPHY/TiO2 hybrid photocatalysts for solar driven hydrogen production
Authors: Mazuelo Tania , Naranjo Teresa , Gomez-Mendoza Miguel , Herrero Pizarro Alejandro , Collado Laura , Barawi Mariam , Gándara Felipe , Liras Marta , de la Peña O'Shea Víctor A.
Published: November 2023

Here we show the improvement in solar driven H2 production due to the synergy between a novel BOPHY based COF and TiO2.
Aromatic polyaroxydiazole pseudocapacitive anode materials with tunable electrochemical performance through side group engineering
Authors: Jiang Yan , Yang Chen , Yu Yuanyuan , Zhou Yulin , Shang Zhoutai , Zhang Shengchang , Liu Pengqing , Zhu Jiadeng , Jiang Mengjin
Published: November 2023

Conductive polymers (CPs) are promising electrode materials for pseudocapacitors due to their high electronic conductivity and outstanding pseudocapacitive charge storage capability.
Photothermal synergistic nitric oxide controlled release injectable self-healing adhesive hydrogel for biofilm eradication and wound healing
Authors: Peng Weiling , Li Lixia , Zhang Yu , Su Haibing , Jiang Xiaohe , Liu Haimeng , Huang Xiaohua , Zhou Li , Shen Xing-Can , Liu Chanjuan
Published: November 2023

A novel injectable self-healing adhesive hydrogel with specific bacteria capture capability and inherent contact antimicrobial activity for mild photothermal therapy and NO controlled release to synergically eliminate biofilm infections and promote wound healing.
Engineered cyclodextrin-based supramolecular hydrogels for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhao Yuqi , Zheng Zhi , Yu Cui-Yun , Wei Hua
Published: November 2023

This review makes a comprehensive summary on the cross-linking mechanism, optimization of mechanical properties, drug loading and release modalities, and recent biological applications of CD-based supramolecular hydrogels.
Surface-segregating zwitterionic copolymers to control poly(dimethylsiloxane) surface chemistry
Authors: Gokaltun A. Aslihan , Mazzaferro Luca , Yarmush Martin L. , Usta O. Berk , Asatekin Ayse
Published: November 2023

We introduce a novel, simple, fast, and scalable method to enhance PDMS surface hydrophilicity and prevent nonspecific adsorption by incorporating a surface-segregating zwitterionic copolymer during fabrication.
Asymmetric strategy based on 5H-benzofuro[3,2-c]carbazole enables efficient narrowband multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters
Authors: Song Xiangan , Shen Shaogang , Zou Shengnan , Guo Fengyun , Gao Shiyong , Wang Ying , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2023

Two asymmetric MR-TADF emitters have been developed, which show narrowband green and blue emissions and enhanced reverse intersystem crossing rates.
Organic redox additive incorporated PANI hydrogel electrodes for flexible high-energy-density supercapacitors
Authors: Dou Liyang , Zhou Shixiang , Ma Jie , Zhao Cheng , Cui Peixin , Ye Shifang , Feng Peizhong , Gu Xiuquan , Huang Sheng , Tao Xueyu
Published: November 2023

Organic redox additive hydroquinone (HQ) is incorporated into PANI hydrogel electrodes for flexible high-energy-density supercapacitors.
Tunable ultra-broadband multi-band NIR emission in Bi-doped aluminogermanate glasses and fibers via controllable Al2O3 content for broadband amplifiers
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Huang Xiongjian , Dong Quan , Xiong Puxian , Yang Dandan , Qiu Jianrong , Yang Zhongmin , Dong Guoping
Published: November 2023

The tunable ultra-broadband multi-band NIR emission of Bi-doped germanate glass and fiber can be achieved via constructing various glass local network environments with steerable Al2O3 content and show potential applications in broadband amplifiers.
Controllable-assembled functional monolayers by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Lin Heng , Zheng Yueting , Zhong Chao , Lin Lihua , Yang Kaiyu , Liu Yang , Hu Hailong , Li Fushan
Published: November 2023

Systematic review of the application of controllable assembled LB films in combination with optoelectronic applications.
Coexistence of a spin–valley-coupled Dirac semimetal and robust quantum spin Hall state with significant Rashba spin-splitting in a halogenated BiAs film
Authors: Dhori Bhautik R. , Jha Prafulla K. , Chakraborty Brahmananda
Published: November 2023

We predict multiple topological phases in a d-ClBiAsI monolayer through first-principles calculations. It harbors an exceptionally uncommon spin–valley-coupled Dirac semimetal (svc-DSM) state under modest tensile strain.
A new eco-friendly and highly emitting Mn-based hybrid perovskite toward high-performance green down-converted LEDs
Authors: Ben Abdelhadi Asmae , Gutiérrez Mario , Cohen Boiko , Lezama Luis , Lachkar Mohammed , Douhal Abderrazzak
Published: November 2023

We performed a detailed study of a new Mn- and Br-based perovskite providing information on its single crystal structure, thermal stability, spectroscopic, photodynamics, FLIM and green down-converted LED (pictured) behaviours.
Assessing Phonological Processing in Children With Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Roepke Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Phonological processing skills, or using phoneme knowledge to process language, in preschool- and kindergarten-age children are an important indicator of children's future reading abilities. However, assessing phonological processing skills can be difficult in children with speech sound disorders because scoring often requires that children produce speech sound accurately. This tutorial presents assessment tasks that are appropriate for children with speech sound disorders to better identify children with phonological processing difficulties.

Conclusions:

The following phonological processing assessment tasks are recommended for children with speech sound disorders: receptive tasks for phonological awareness, the Syllable Repetition Task for phonological memory, and limited letter choices for rapid automatized naming in phonological retrieval tasks. These tasks can be modified for multilingual children. Appropriate assessment of phonological processing skills will help speech-language pathologists in differential diagnosis of children with true phonological processing difficulties and children whose speech sound errors may mask phonological processing abilities. Assessment of phonological processing skills is particularly important for children with speech sound disorders, whose speech errors may be evidence of phonological processing difficulties.
Formation-flying interferometry in geocentric orbits
Authors: Ito Takahiro
Published: November 2023

Context. Spacecraft formation flying serves as a method of astronomical instrumentation that enables the construction of large virtual structures in space. The formation-flying interferometry generally requires very high control accuracy, and extraterrestrial orbits are typically selected. To pave the way for comprehensive missions, proposals have been made for preliminary space missions, involving nano- or small satellites, to demonstrate formation-flying interferometry technologies, especially in low Earth orbits. From a theoretical perspective, however, it is unknown where and to what extent feasible regions for formation-flying interferometry should exist in geocentric orbits.

Aims. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of formation-flying interferometry in geocentric orbits in which various perturbation sources exist. Geocentric orbits offer the advantage of economic accessibility and the availability of proven formation-flying technologies tailored for Earth orbits. Its feasibility depends on the existence of specific orbits that satisfy a small-disturbance environment with good observation conditions.

Methods. Spacecraft motions in Earth orbits subjected to perturbations are analytically modeled based on celestial mechanics. The magnitudes of the accelerations required to counteract these perturbations are characterized by parameters such as the semimajor axis and the size of the formation.

Results. Small-perturbation regions tend to appear in higher-altitude and shorter-separation regions in geocentric orbits. Candidate orbits are identified in high Earth orbits for the triangular laser-interferometric gravitational-wave telescope, which is 100 km in size, and in medium Earth orbits for the linear astronomical interferometer, which is 0.5 km in size. A low Earth orbit with a separation of approximately 0.1 km may be suitable for experimental purposes.

Conclusions. Geocentric orbits are potentially applicable for various types of formation-flying interferometry.
Early and Higher Volumes of Formula Supplementation after Birth Impact Breastfeeding Rates at Discharge in Well-Baby Nursery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kumar Navin , Al-Nahar Mohammed , Harris Nathalee , Sampath Venkatesh
Published: November 2023

Objective Physiologic breast milk production in the first 24 hours is estimated to be between 2 and 10 mL per feed. Many mothers intending to breastfeed use formula supplementation (FS) early on, which can affect successful breastfeeding. Whether the volume and timing of FS introduced in the first 24 hours of life (24 HOL) impacts the rate of “breastfeeding at discharge” (BFAD) is not well-studied and was investigated herein.

Study Design Single-center, retrospective, chart review of breastfeeding infants born at ≥35 weeks who received supplementation in the first 24 HOL. Comprehensive demographic data pertaining to maternal and infant characteristics, along with infant feeding data, were collected. Four supplementation characteristics, (timing, rate, volume [mL/kg per feed], and type [expressed breast milk (EBM) or formula]) were correlated with BFAD.

Results Among 3,102 supplemented infants in whom mothers intended to breastfeed, 1,031 (33.2%) infants were BFAD. At baseline, African American, Medicaid-insured, and single mothers had lower odds of BFAD. The overall maximum volume of FS per feed was 11.0 mL/kg (interquartile range 8.0–14.4). With each hour of delay in first supplementation, the odds of BFAD increased by 2.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.022, 0.035). With every 1 mL/kg increase in the first formula volume, subsequent supplementation frequency increased by 4.5%. A positive association was observed between BFAD and a lower rate of supplementation (cutoff value ≤35.1%). However, among infants with these lower rates of supplementation, each unit increase in maximum FS, from 2 to 15 mL/kg, decreased the probability of BFAD by 4.2% (3.6–4.7%). Additionally, we observed that infants who were given at least one EBM supplementation (n = 223; 7.2%) had substantially increased rates of BFAD (odds ratio [OR] = 9.8, 95% CI 7.2–13.3).

Conclusion Early and higher volumes of FS negatively impacted BFAD. Birthweight-based FS of feeding with physiological volumes may increase breastfeeding rates at discharge.

Key Points
Disease Response Assessment Modalities in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Mishra Deepak Kumar , Dey Indranil , Demde Rakesh , Vinarkar Sushant , Parihar Mayur
Published: November 2023

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm caused by the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, which results from a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and 22 t(9;22)(q34;q11). The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) against the chimeric BCR::ABL1 fusion protein has led to a paradigm shift in CML patient outcomes. Despite generational advancements in TKI, a fraction of patients harbor residual disease or exhibit resistance to TKI. The importance of disease monitoring and detection of resistance mechanisms has gained prominence with increasing knowledge about disease evolution. In the past, cytogenetic techniques such as karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization were widely utilized for monitoring disease and prognostication. These techniques had various challenges related to limited sensitivity in minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring; however, their importance still holds in the detection of additional chromosomal aberrations and in cases with cryptic insertions, variants, and masked Philadelphia chromosome. Molecular genetics has evolved significantly from the past to the present times for MRD monitoring in CML patients. Qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) can be performed at diagnosis to detect the BCR::ABL1 transcript, while quantitative RQ-PCR is the most widely used and well-standardized MRD monitoring method. The DNA-based assays demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, with many efforts directed toward making the laborious step of BCR::ABL1 breakpoint characterization less tedious to increase the utility of DNA-based MRD approach in the future. Flow cytometric–based approaches for the detection of the BCR::ABL1 fusion protein have been under trial with a scope of becoming a more robust and convenient methodology for monitoring in the future. Upcoming techniques such as digital PCR and ultra-deep sequencing next-generation sequencing (UDS-NGS) have shown promising results in residual disease monitoring and detection of resistance mutations. Novel MRD monitoring systems that are independent of BCR::ABL1 fusion such as the detection of CD26+ leukemic stem cells and microRNA mutations are the future of residual disease monitoring, which can go up to the level of a single cell. In this review, we tried to discuss the evolution of most of the above-mentioned techniques encompassing the pros, cons, utility, and challenges for MRD monitoring and detection of TKI resistance mutations.
Assessment of Functional Outcome Following Duhamel Retro-Rectal Pull-Through Surgery for Hirschsprung's Disease - A Follow-up Study
Authors: M. Raghunath S. , Maniam Raghul , Dhanasekarapandian Vembar , Govindarajan Hariharan
Published: November 2023

Context Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is one of the commonest problems requiring surgery in children. More than 95% of children present during new-born period, when they are treated with leveling colostomy and are followed with pull-through surgery a few months later, once the child has gained adequate weight to withstand a major surgery. The commonest pull through surgery done is the Duhamel retro-rectal pull-through (DRPT) repair.

Settings and Design This is a retrospective study of children who presented to one unit in our institute, a tertiary care referral hospital for children less than 12 years, with HD and underwent DRPT procedure during the period between July 2017 to June 2020. The children were evaluated after three years of follow-up for fecal incontinence and constipation. The study was conducted in children diagnosed with classical segment recto-sigmoid HD who underwent surgery. The children who were diagnosed with HD other than classical segment, who underwent primary pull through surgery and who underwent other repairs for HD were excluded from the study.

Results Thirty-two children underwent DRPT procedure during the study period. Of them, five (15.6%) children were lost on follow-up and one (3.1%) child had expired in the immediate post-operative period. Twenty-six children were included in the study. The bowel function score was calculated. The mean age of definitive surgery was 4.2 years. The follow-up period was a minimum of three years. Only two children had a “good” score of eighteen and above. Nineteen children had a “fair” score of 13–17. Five children had a “poor” score of less than thirteen, and among them, two had a “very poor” score of less than nine. The mean BFS was 13.72.

Conclusions Functional outcomes following Duhamel procedure are satisfactory, with 7.7% of children are in the fringe of requiring another surgery for constipation and pseudo-incontinence.
Laparoscopic Cecectomy for Diseases of the Appendix and Cecum
Authors: Oner Muharrem , Abbas Maher A.
Published: November 2023

Introduction The cecum is the first part of the large bowel. Cecectomy is a sufficient treatment for some patients, avoiding overtreatment by ileocolic resection.

Purpose The goal of this study was to review a surgeon's experience with laparoscopic cecectomy and provide a technical video demonstration of this uncommon operation.

Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of all consecutive patients treated with laparoscopic cecectomy over a 16-year period. All operations were performed using a 3-trocar technique. The cecum was transected with 1 to 2 firings of a 60 millimeters linear stapler, preserving the ileocecal valve and ascending colon.

Results 19 patients were identified including 12 females (63.2%). Median age was 42 years (range 16-84). Indication for surgery included appendiceal pathology in 12 patients (63.2%) and cecal abnormality in 7 (38.9%). There was no conversion to open surgery. Median intraoperative blood loss was 25 ml (range 0-150 ml) and no patient received a blood transfusion. No intraoperative or postoperative complication was noted. The median length stay was 1 day (range 0-6). Readmission rate was 0%. Final appendiceal histopathology revealed acute/chronic appendicitis in 5 patients, mucinous cystadenoma in 4 patients. Cecal histopathology revealed adenoma in 4 patients. Median follow-up was 16 months (range 4-53).

Conclusions Laparoscopic cecectomy is a sufficient treatment for some patients with benign conditions of the appendix and cecum. It carries minimal morbidity. It should be considered as an alternative to segmental bowel resection in a select group of patients.
Assessment of Quality-of-Life in Cancer Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Sharma Bintoo , Tyagi Harsh , Kumar Ranjeet , Sharma Amit
Published: November 2023

Introduction Cancer is a disease that emerges as a result of abnormal cell proliferation and their propensity to spread from one bodily region to another. There are over a hundred different types of cancer that impact individuals all over the world. It is difficult to identify in the early stages, but there are certain warning signals that the cells will turn malignant. Quality of life (QOL) is described by the World Health Organisation as “individuals' perception of life, values, objectives, standards, and interests within the cultural framework of the social environment in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns.” QOL assessment in health system is a multidimensional construct that can be measured by evaluating objective levels of health status filtered by the subjective perceptions and expectations of the individual.

Aim and Objective To assess socio-demographic factors and quality of life among cancer patients in tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted at Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital Faridkot district, Punjab (India). The study was conducted for a period of six months after getting approval from Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC). Generic instrument, SF-36 was used to assess the QOL. The study was analyzed on SPSS version 26.0 software. Descriptive and analytical analysis was used to describe the results.

Results Linear regression was conducted to see the relationship of physical functioning score with age and weight of the patients. The descriptive statistics shows the mean and standard deviation of the variable. The mean of physical functioning score was found to be (M = 27.82, SD = 15.635). The physical functioning score and age, weight of the patients in linear regression shows that the age and weight explain 17.5%

Conclusion Treatment revealed that severe and moderate activities restricted nearly half of the assessed patients, with body pain interfering with employment and routine activities. According to the findings of the current study, QOL deteriorates as the disease progresses. Cancer unquestionably has a detrimental influence on patients' quality of life, which is connected to the illness process itself, the therapy administered, and the length of the disease.
Cultural worldviews and support for governmental management of COVID-19
Authors: Guo Qi , Muhetaer Palizhati , Hu Ping
Published: November 2023

This article addresses public attitudes towards government measures to contain preventable diseases in China in light of personal privacy and social safety controversies. Using a nationwide Internet survey of 776 Chinese adults and an online worldview database, we seek to explain the reason for causing differing public opinions on prevention policies and related governance issues. As Cultural Theory suggests, cultural biases impact public attitudes toward social policies. However, to our knowledge, culture theory has rarely been used to explain public differences in policies in China. So, study 1 conducted an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and found that the four-factor model of cultural worldviews: egalitarianism, hierarchy, individualism, and fatalism is still a feasible assessment tool for worldviews. Then, in studies 2–4, we explored how cultural worldviews influence Chinese public policy support. Study 2 involved an online worldview database and found that by trusting the government, hierarchists trust the policies proposed by the government. Study 3 and Study 4, based on the revised cultural scale in Study 1 and surveys during the epidemic period, found that compared to hierarchists and egalitarians, fatalists and individualists were less likely to support COVID-19 responses. In study 3, we further found that along with the risk perception levels growing, fatalists’ resistance towards epidemic prevention policies will disappear under high-risk perception conditions. Study 4 also found that hierarchists and egalitarians with higher trust in government tend to support COVID-19 responses. Hierarchists will be more supportive of the government with the increased public’s perceived threats. In conclusion, cultural worldviews have different impacts on policy support, and the relationship between cultural worldviews and policy support is influenced by public attitudes toward authorities and the perceived threats they face. Lastly, risk management and communication implications are discussed, such as establishing trust between individuals and authorities.
The development of children’s autonomy and reasonable paternalistic intervention
Authors: Ke Ting
Published: November 2023

Children are often perceived as beings who have very little or lack autonomy. The core of liberal education theory is to emphasize individual freedom and equality. In the context of liberal education, the purpose of education is to develop children’s autonomy, which is in conflict with paternalistic intervention in education. This article defends that children have a degree of autonomy through an analysis of the concept and conditions of autonomy from a philosophical point of view. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates the compatibility of children’s autonomy with adults’ paternalistic intervention from the aspects of children’s choice, respect for autonomy and future-oriented education. In the end, this paper proposes what is reasonable paternalism, that is, reasonable paternalism should be based on the moral equality of children and adults; reasonable paternalism should follow the principle of taking children as the center; reasonable paternalism is mainly achieved through the participation of children.
Blowing away drag for maglev trains
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: November 2023

Simulation identifies how air-blowing can reduce drag on high-speed trains and reduce required energy.
Exploring how a patient encounter tracking and learning tool is used within general practice training: a qualitative study
Authors: Bentley Michael , Taylor Jennifer , Fielding Alison , Davey Andrew , Moad Dominica , van Driel Mieke , Magin Parker , Klein Linda
Published: November 2023

Introduction In Australian general practitioner (GP) training, feedback and reflection on in-practice experience is central to developing GP registrars’ (trainees’) clinical competencies. Patient encounter tracking and learning tools (PETALs) that encompass an audit of consecutive patient consultations, feedback, and reflection are used to determine registrars’ in-practice exposure and have been suggested as a tool for learning within a programmatic assessment framework. However, there is limited qualitative literature on the utility of PETALs in GP training. Aim To provide greater understanding of how PETALs are used in GP training, using Registrars’ Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) as a case study. Methods Medical educators, supervisors, and registrars from two Australian regional GP training organisations participated in focus groups and interviews, designed to explore participants’ perceptions of ReCEnT’s utility. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Eight themes were identified that enhance our understanding of: how ReCEnT reports are used (reassuring registrars, facilitating self-reflection, identifying learning needs), what enables ReCEnT to reach its full potential (a culture of reflection, meaningful discussions with supervisors and medical educators, valuing objective data), and differences in understanding about ReCEnT’s role in a programmatic assessment framework (as a tool for learning, as ‘one piece of the puzzle’). Discussion The findings were used to develop a Structure–Process–Outcomes model to demonstrate how ReCEnT is currently used and explores how it can be used for learning, rather than of learning, in a programmatic assessment framework for GP training. ReCEnT’s longitudinal format has potential for enhancing learning throughout training.
Holistic health for Pacific seniors from a weekly group gathering run by a Pacific health provider
Authors: Higgs Chris , Taungapeau Finau , Silcock Charleen , Sanerivi Oka , Fruean Emily , Lameta Ileana , Vungamoeahi Tevita , Kareroa Charlotte , Richards Rose
Published: November 2023

Introduction Manatū Hauora (Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) Ministry of Health) recognises that respecting and listening to Pacific peoples’ knowledge and skills in caring for their communities’ wellbeing is a priority, and that novel approaches to care, particularly for chronic health conditions, are necessary. Allied health professionals have the potential to play important roles in primary care design and delivery. Pacific Trust Otago (PTO) provides a weekly seniors’ group gathering that has evolved over the years and incorporates exercise, health information and cultural activities. Aim This study aims to explore what Pacific seniors are learning about their health and wellbeing, and what factors contribute to sustained engagement with this weekly group activity. Methods The research team conducted a qualitative study using the Kakala Research Framework and the pan-Pacific Talanoa Research Methodology to gather narratives in a relational and comfortable group space. Participants were recruited from the seniors group gathering. Group Talanoa were used to collect data, which were digitally voice-recorded, transcribed, translated, and de-identified. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Otago School of Physiotherapy Ethics Committee. Results Pacific seniors valued how these gathering The seniors recognised how interconnected and intertwined culture, spirituality, and family were and how this contributed to their sense of individual and collective health and wellbeing. The study highlights the need to consider health beyond the individual to the collective, embracing indigenous perspectives, and authentically nurturing relationships with Pacific health providers. The study recommends primary care funders are supported to understand what is important to Pacific people and partner with Pacific health providers to deliver care in ways that align with indigenous models of care. Discussion A weekly group gathering for Pacific seniors run by Allied Health professionals provides a welcoming, safe, and culturally meaningful environment where seniors can connect, share, and grow in health and wellbeing together. This study highlights the importance of adopting informed and inclusive approaches to promoting and addressing holistic health for Pacific people, especially in light of ongoing health reforms in Aotearoa NZ.
Generational differences in mental health trends in the twenty-first century
Authors: Botha Ferdi , Morris Richard W. , Butterworth Peter , Glozier Nick
Published: November 2023

Given the observed deterioration in mental health among Australians over the past decade, this study investigates to what extent this differs in people born in different decades—i.e., possible birth cohort differences in the mental health of Australians. Using 20 y of data from a large, nationally representative panel survey (
N
= 27,572), we find strong evidence that cohort effects are driving the increase in population-level mental ill-health. Deteriorating mental health is particularly pronounced among people born in the 1990s and seen to a lesser extent among the 1980s cohort. There is little evidence that mental health is worsening with age for people born prior to the 1980s. The findings from this study highlight that it is the poorer mental health of Millennials that is driving the apparent deterioration in population-level mental health. Understanding the context and changes in society that have differentially affected younger people may inform efforts to ameliorate this trend and prevent it continuing for emerging cohorts.
Childhood unpredictability and the development of exploration
Authors: Xu Yuyan , Harms Madeline B. , Green C. Shawn , Wilson Robert C. , Pollak Seth D.
Published: November 2023

Early in development, the process of exploration helps children gather new information that fosters learning about the world. Yet, it is unclear how childhood experiences may influence the way humans approach new learning. What influences decisions to exploit known, familiar options versus trying a novel alternative? We found that childhood unpredictability, characterized by unpredictable caregiving and unstable living environments, was associated with reduced exploratory behavior. This effect holds while controlling for individual differences, including anxiety and stress. Individuals who perceived their childhoods as unpredictable explored less and were instead more likely to repeat previous choices (habitual responding). They were also more sensitive to uncertainty than to potential rewards, even when the familiar options yielded lower rewards. We examined these effects across multiple task contexts and via both in-person (N = 78) and online replication (N = 84) studies among 10- to 13-y-olds. Results are discussed in terms of the potential cascading effects of unpredictable environments on the development of decision-making and the effects of early experience on subsequent learning.
High-throughput screening of glucocorticoid-induced enhancer activity reveals mechanisms of stress-related psychiatric disorders
Authors: Penner-Goeke Signe , Bothe Melissa , Rek Nils , Kreitmaier Peter , Pöhlchen Dorothee , Kühnel Anne , Glaser Laura V. , Kaya Ezgi , Krontira Anthi C. , Röh Simone , Czamara Darina , Ködel Maik , Monteserin-Garcia Jose , Diener Laura , Wölfel Barbara , Sauer Susann , Rummel Christine , Riesenberg Stephan , Arloth-Knauer Janine , Ziller Michael , Labeur Marta , Meijsing Sebastiaan , Binder Elisabeth B.
Published: November 2023

Exposure to stressful life events increases the risk for psychiatric disorders. Mechanistic insight into the genetic factors moderating the impact of stress can increase our understanding of disease processes. Here, we test 3,662 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from preselected expression quantitative trait loci in massively parallel reporter assays to identify genetic variants that modulate the activity of regulatory elements sensitive to glucocorticoids, important mediators of the stress response. Of the tested SNP sequences, 547 were located in glucocorticoid-responsive regulatory elements of which 233 showed allele-dependent activity. Transcripts regulated by these functional variants were enriched for those differentially expressed in psychiatric disorders in the postmortem brain. Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis in 4,439 phenotypes revealed potentially causal associations specifically in neurobehavioral traits, including major depression and other psychiatric disorders. Finally, a functional gene score derived from these variants was significantly associated with differences in the physiological stress response, suggesting that these variants may alter disease risk by moderating the individual set point of the stress response.
Transcriptional signatures of early-life stress and antidepressant treatment efficacy
Authors: Parel Sero Toriano , Bennett Shannon N. , Cheng Cindy J. , Timmermans Olivia C. , Fiori Laura M. , Turecki Gustavo , Peña Catherine Jensen
Published: November 2023

Individuals with a history of early-life stress (ELS) tend to have an altered course of depression and lower treatment response rates. Research suggests that ELS alters brain development, but the molecular changes in the brain following ELS that may mediate altered antidepressant response have not been systematically studied. Sex and gender also impact the risk of depression and treatment response. Here, we leveraged existing RNA sequencing datasets from 1) blood samples from depressed female- and male-identifying patients treated with escitalopram or desvenlafaxine and assessed for treatment response or failure; 2) the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of female and male mice exposed to ELS and/or adult stress; and 3) the NAc of mice after adult stress, antidepressant treatment with imipramine or ketamine, and assessed for treatment response or failure. We find that transcriptomic signatures of adult stress after a history of ELS correspond with transcriptomic signatures of treatment nonresponse, across species and multiple classes of antidepressants. Transcriptomic correspondence with treatment outcome was stronger among females and weaker among males. We next pharmacologically tested these predictions in our mouse model of early-life and adult social defeat stress and treatment with either chronic escitalopram or acute ketamine. Among female mice, the strongest predictor of behavior was an interaction between ELS and ketamine treatment. Among males, however, early experience and treatment were poor predictors of behavior, mirroring our bioinformatic predictions. These studies provide neurobiological evidence for molecular adaptations in the brain related to sex and ELS that contribute to antidepressant treatment response.
Structure determination by cryoEM at 100 keV
Authors: McMullan Greg , Naydenova Katerina , Mihaylov Daniel , Yamashita Keitaro , Peet Mathew J. , Wilson Hugh , Dickerson Joshua L. , Chen Shaoxia , Cannone Giuseppe , Lee Yang , Hutchings Katherine A. , Gittins Olivia , Sobhy Mohamed A. , Wells Torquil , El-Gomati Mohamed M. , Dalby Jason , Meffert Matthias , Schulze-Briese Clemens , Henderson Richard , Russo Christopher J.
Published: November 2023

Electron cryomicroscopy can, in principle, determine the structures of most biological molecules but is currently limited by access, specimen preparation difficulties, and cost. We describe a purpose-built instrument operating at 100 keV—including advances in electron optics, detection, and processing—that makes structure determination fast and simple at a fraction of current costs. The instrument attains its theoretical performance limits, allowing atomic resolution imaging of gold test specimens and biological molecular structure determination in hours. We demonstrate its capabilities by determining the structures of eleven different specimens, ranging in size from 140 kDa to 2 MDa, using a fraction of the data normally required. CryoEM with a microscope designed specifically for high-efficiency, on-the-spot imaging of biological molecules will expand structural biology to a wide range of previously intractable problems.
Epigenetic switch reshapes epithelial progenitor cell signatures and drives inflammatory pathogenesis in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Jin Lin , Chen Yunjia , Muzaffar Suhail , Li Chao , Mier-Aguilar Carlos A. , Khan Jasim , Kashyap Mahendra P. , Liu Shanrun , Srivastava Ritesh , Deshane Jessy S. , Townes Tim M. , Elewski Boni E. , Elmets Craig A. , Crossman David K. , Raman Chander , Athar Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a complex inflammatory skin disease with undefined mechanistic underpinnings. Here, we investigated HS epithelial cells and demonstrated that HS basal progenitors modulate their lineage restriction and give rise to pathogenic keratinocyte clones, resulting in epidermal hyperproliferation and dysregulated inflammation in HS. When comparing to healthy epithelial stem/progenitor cells, in HS, we identified changes in gene signatures that revolve around the mitotic cell cycle, DNA damage response and repair, as well as cell–cell adhesion and chromatin remodeling. By reconstructing cell differentiation trajectory and CellChat modeling, we identified a keratinocyte population specific to HS. This population is marked byS100A7/8/9andKRT6family members, triggering IL1, IL10, and complement inflammatory cascades. These signals, along with HS-specific proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, contribute to the recruitment of certain immune cells during the disease progression. Furthermore, we revealed a previously uncharacterized role of S100A8 in regulating the local chromatin environment of target loci in HS keratinocytes. Through the integration of genomic and epigenomic datasets, we identified genome-wide chromatin rewiring alongside the switch of transcription factors (TFs), which mediated HS transcriptional profiles. Importantly, we identified numerous clinically relevant inflammatory enhancers and their coordinated TFs in HS basal CD49fhighcells. The disruption of theS100Aenhancer using the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated approach or the pharmacological inhibition of the interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 (IRF3) efficiently reduced the production of HS-associated inflammatory regulators. Our study not only uncovers the plasticity of epidermal progenitor cells in HS but also elucidates the epigenetic mechanisms underlying HS pathogenesis.
The road to language through gesture
Authors: Wille Beatrijs , Nyffels Hilde , Capirci Olga
Published: November 2023

This study explores the role of gestures in Flemish Sign Language (VGT) development through a longitudinal
observation of three deaf children’s early interactions. These children were followed over a period of one and a half year, at the
ages of 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. This research compares the communicative development of a deaf child growing up in a deaf
family and two deaf children growing up in hearing families. The latter two children received early cochlear implants when they
were respectively 10 and 7 months old. It is the first study describing the types and tokens of children’s gestures used in early
dyadic interactions in Flanders (Belgium). The description of our observations shows three distinct developmental patterns in
terms of the use of gestures and the production of combinations. The study supports the finding that children’s gestural output is
subject to their parental language, and it further indicates an impact of age of cochlear implantation.
Mechanical, magneto-electronic and thermoelectric properties of Ba2MgReO6 and Ba2YMoO6 based cubic double perovskites: an ab initio study
Authors: Ketfi Mohammed Elamin , Essaoud Saber Saad , Al Azar Said M , Al-Reyahi Anas Y , Mousa Ahmad A , Al-Aqtash Nabil
Published: November 2023

We report an analysis of the structural, electronic, mechanical, and thermoelectric properties of oxide double perovskite structures, specifically the compounds Ba2MgReO6 and Ba2YMoO6. Our study employs first-principles density functional theory (DFT) as the investigative methodology. The electronic attributes of the examined compounds are explained by investigating their energy bands, as well as the total and partial density of states. The computational evaluation of the electronic band structure reveals that both compounds exhibit an indirect band gap semiconductor behavior in the spin-down channel, while demonstrating metallic properties in the spin-up channel. The magnetic attributes indicate a ferromagnetic nature, thus categorizing some double perovskite compounds as materials displaying half-metallic ferromagnetism (HM-FM) in addition to some other properties such as metallic and semiconductor in paramagnetic or antiferromagnetic states. The outcomes derived from the analysis of elastic constants confirm the mechanical robustness of the studied double perovskite compounds. Notably, the computed data for bulk modulus (B), shear modulus (G), and Young’s modulus (E) for Ba2MgReO6 surpass those of Ba2YMoO6. The calculated ratio of Bulk to shear modulus (B/G) indicates that both compounds possess ductile characteristics, rendering them suitable for device fabrication. Furthermore, both compounds display outstanding electronic and elastic properties, positioning them as promising contenders for integration within mechanical and spintronic devices. Finally, we investigate into the thermoelectric potential by evaluating parameters such as the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, figure of merit, and power factor. This assessment is conducted using the semiclassical Boltzmann theory and the constant relaxation time approximation, implemented through the BoltzTraP code. The results indicate that the investigated double perovskite oxides hold promise for utilization in thermoelectric applications.