bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Privacy-preserving Motion Detection for HEVC-compressed Surveillance Video
Authors: Liu Changming , Ma Xiaojing , Cao Sixing , Fu Jiayun , Zhu Bin B.
Published: January 2022

In the cloud era, a large amount of data is uploaded to and processed by public clouds. The risk of privacy leakage has become a major concern for cloud users. Cloud-based video surveillance requires motion detection, which may reveal the privacy of people in a surveillance video. Privacy-preserving video surveillance allows motion detection while protecting privacy. The existing scheme [
25
], designed to detect motion on encrypted and H.264-compressed surveillance videos, does not work well on more advanced video compression schemes such as HEVC.

In this article, we propose the first motion detection method on encrypted and HEVC-compressed videos. It adopts a novel approach that exploits inter-prediction reference relationships among coding blocks to detect motion regions. The partition pattern and the number of coding bits of each detection block used in prior art are also used to help detect motion regions. Spatial and temporal consistency of a moving object and Kalman filtering are applied to segment connected/merged motion regions, remove noise and background motions, and refine trajectories and shapes of detected moving objects. Experimental results indicate that our detection method achieves high detection recall, precision, and F1-score for surveillance videos of both high and low resolutions with various scenes. It has a similarly high detection accuracy on encrypted and HEVC-compressed videos as that of the existing motion detection method [
25
] on encrypted and H.264-compressed videos. Our proposed method incurs no bit-rate overhead and has a very low computational complexity for both motion detection and encryption of HEVC videos.
Hyperspectral Image Reconstruction Using Multi-scale Fusion Learning
Authors: Han Xian-Hua , Zheng Yinqiang , Chen Yen-Wei
Published: January 2022

Hyperspectral imaging is a promising imaging modality that simultaneously captures several images for the same scene on narrow spectral bands, and it has made considerable progress in different fields, such as agriculture, astronomy, and surveillance. However, the existing hyperspectral (HS) cameras sacrifice the spatial resolution for providing the detail spectral distribution of the imaged scene, which leads to low-resolution (LR) HS images compared with the common red-green-blue (RGB) images. Generating a high-resolution HS (HR-HS) image via fusing an observed LR-HS image with the corresponding HR-RGB image has been actively studied. Existing methods for this fusing task generally investigate hand-crafted priors to model the inherent structure of the latent HR-HS image, and they employ optimization approaches for solving it. However, proper priors for different scenes can possibly be diverse, and to figure it out for a specific scene is difficult. This study investigates a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)-based method for automatic prior learning, and it proposes a novel fusion DCNN model with multi-scale spatial and spectral learning for effectively merging an HR-RGB and LR-HS images. Specifically, we construct an U-shape network architecture for gradually reducing the feature sizes of the HR-RGB image (Encoder-side) and increasing the feature sizes of the LR-HS image (Decoder-side), and we fuse the HR spatial structure and the detail spectral attribute in multiple scales for tackling the large resolution difference in spatial domain of the observed HR-RGB and LR-HS images. Then, we employ multi-level cost functions for the proposed multi-scale learning network to alleviate the gradient vanish problem in long-propagation procedure. In addition, for further improving the reconstruction performance of the HR-HS image, we refine the predicted HR-HS image using an alternating back-projection method for minimizing the reconstruction errors of the observed LR-HS and HR-RGB images. Experiments on three benchmark HS image datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in both quantitative values and visual qualities.
Shifting the Demand for Vaccines: A Review of Strategies
Authors: Sood Neeraj , Nasserie Tahmina , Joshi Sushant , Bendavid Eran
Published: January 2022

Vaccines prevent millions of deaths, and yet millions of people die each year from vaccine-preventable diseases. The primary reason for these deaths is that a significant fraction of the population chooses not to vaccinate. Why don't people vaccinate, and what can be done to increase vaccination rates besides providing free and easy access to vaccines? This review presents a conceptual framework, motivated by economic theory, of which factors shift the demand for vaccines. Next, it critically examines the literature on these demand shifters and interventions that target these demand shifters. The review concludes with offering directions for future research and lessons for public health decision making.
The Indian Health Service and American Indian/Alaska Native Health Outcomes
Authors: Kruse Gina , Lopez-Carmen Victor A. , Jensen Anpotowin , Hardie Lakotah , Sequist Thomas D.
Published: January 2022

The Indian Health Service (IHS) has made huge strides in narrowing health disparities between American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations and other racial and ethnic groups. Yet, health disparities experienced by AI/AN people persist, with deep historical roots combined with present-day challenges. Here we review the history of the IHS from colonization to the present-day system, highlight persistent disparities in AI/AN health and health care, and discuss six key present-day challenges: inadequate funding, limited human resources, challenges associated with transitioning services from federal to Tribal control through contracting and compacting, evolving federal and state programs, the need for culturally sensitive services, and the promise and challenges of health technology.
A Sensitive Electrochemical Assay for T4 Polynucleotide Kinase Activity Based on Fe3O4@TiO2 And Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Probe Modified Magnetic Electrode
Authors: Liu Zaiqiong , Tao Jinpeng , Zhu Zhenyu , Zhang Yanli , Wang Hongbin , Pang Pengfei , Wang Haibo , Yang Wenrong
Published: January 2022

An ultrasensitive electrochemical assay for T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4 PNK) activity and inhibition was developed based on magnetic Fe3O4@TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles hybrid probe (Fe3O4@TiO2-dsDNA-AuNPs) modified magnetic gold electrode (MGE). Fe3O4@TiO2-dsDNA-AuNPs hybrid probe was formed via DNA hybridization between phosphorylated DNA S1 modified Fe3O4@TiO2 and complementary DNA S2 assembled AuNPs. [Ru(NH3)6]3+ was used as an electrochemically active indicator to enhance the electrochemical signal. The proposed method is sensitive for T4 PNK activity assay with a linear range of 0.0001 to 10 U ml−1 and low detection limit of 0.00003 U ml−1. This strategy can be used to screen the T4 PNK inhibitors, holding a great potential for discovery of nucleotide kinase-target drug and early clinical diagnosis of cancer.
Comparison of the Electrochemical Behavior of Iodide Ion in Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Lebedeva Olga , Kuznetsova Irina , Kultin Dmitry , Kustov Leonid
Published: January 2022

The electro-oxidation of iodide has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry on a platinum electrode in ionic liquids tributylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (N4441NTf2), trioctylmethylammonium salicylate (TOMAS) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BmimBF4). The hydrophobic/hydrophilic TOMAS ionic liquid was used for the first time in electrochemical research. Two electro-oxidation processes are observed in all of the investigated ionic liquids. The calculation of the number of electrons corresponding to every electro-oxidation stage suggested that in N4441NTf2 electro-oxidation follows a different path than those described in the literature. The hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of ionic liquids affects electrochemical processes. It was shown that the best electrolyte for electro-oxidation of iodide is hydrophobic ionic liquid N4441NTf2.
Co3O4/Zn–Co–Mo Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Supercapacitors and Electrocatalysis Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Miao Fengjuan , Shi Jinxin , Tao Bairui , Zang Yu , Chu Paul K.
Published: January 2022

Mixed transition metal compounds with abundant more active sites are attractive to supercapacitors and electrochemical water splitting. In this work, the Co3O4/Zn–Co–Mo/NF composite is prepared by a hydrothermal method and thermal annealing. The Zn–Co–Mo nanosheet arrays are synthesized on nickel foam (NF) to form a three-dimensional (3D) network to take advantage of the electrical conductivity and viscosity of NF. Co3O4 is produced directly in the 3D microchannels to achieve a large energy density and robust stability. In the test of the supercapacitor performance, the specific capacitance of Co3O4/Zn–Co–Mo/NF is 2169 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. In addition, excellent long-term cycling stability is observed as manifested by specific capacitance retention of 85% after 4,000 cycles at a current density of 25 A g−1. As a catalyst in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), Co3O4/Zn–Co–Mo/NF shows an overpotential of 128 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Our results confirm the dual functionality of the materials which have promising potential in energy storage and generation applications.
Effect of H2 Plasma Modification on the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance of MoS2
Authors: Hu Jue , Zhang Chengxu
Published: January 2022

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is the cathodic half reaction of electrocatalytic water splitting and is thus highly desirable to power the "hydrogen-based economy". Earth-abundant MoS2 has emerged as a promising HER catalyst with high electrocatalytic activity and stability due to its unique physical and chemical properties (1, 2). In the electronic structure of MoS2, the orbitals of HOMO states are mainly localized at the edged S sites, so that the localized electrons are mainly at the edge of MoS2 for charge exchange of proton (3). Extensive efforts have been devoted to developing MoS2 nanostructures to maximize the number of active edge sites, but little attention has been paid to activating the MoS2 basal planar structure. In this work, we used the H2 plasma modification to engineer the planar S-vacancies of MoS2 for enhancing the HER kinetics. Moreover, controlled plasma exposure time has been designed to explore the influence of H2 plasma on the HER performance of MoS2 catalysts. Our experimental results show that the S/Mo atomic ratios decrease with increase the H2 plasma exposure time (Figure 1a). More importantly, the HER performance is becoming better after H2 plasma modification (Figure 1b). the MoS2 H2-plasma 1200s catalyst exhibits a boosted HER activity with the overpotential as low as 92 mV at the current density of 10 mA/cm2 and striking turnover frequency per surface Mo atom (TOF) as 0.0044 s-1, better than most reported MoS2-based catalysts (Figure 1c and d).

Figure Caption

Figure 1. (a) Atomic ratio of S/Mo for MoS2 samples as the function of H2 plasma exposure time. (b) Polarization curves of H2 plasma treated MoS2 catalysts in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. (c) Overpotential at 10 mA/cm2 and (d) TOF of the H2 plasma treated MoS2 catalysts.

References

X. Huang, Z. Zeng, H. Zhang, Metal dichalcogenide nanosheets: preparation, properties and applications. Chem. Soc. Rev.
42, 1934-1946 (2013).

H. T. Wang et al., Electrochemical tuning of vertically aligned MoS2 nanofilms and its application in improving hydrogen evolution reaction. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
110, 19701-19706 (2013).

J. Hu et al., Engineering stepped edge surface structures of MoS2 sheet stacks to accelerate the hydrogen evolution reaction. Energy Environ. Sci.
10, 593-603 (2017).

Figure 1
Functional role of histamine receptors in the renal cortical collecting duct cells
Authors: Sudarikova Anastasia V. , Fomin Mikhail V. , Sultanova Regina F. , Zhao Ying , Perez Samantha , Domondon Mark , Shamatova Margarita , Lysikova Daria V. , Spires Denisha R. , Ilatovskaya Daria V.
Published: January 2022

Histamine is an important immunomodulator, as well as a regulator of allergic inflammation, gastric acid secretion, and neurotransmission. Although substantial histamine level has been reported in the kidney, renal pathological and physiological effects of this compound have not been clearly defined. The goal of this study was to provide insight into the role of histamine-related pathways in the kidney, with emphasis on the collecting duct (CD), a distal part of the nephron important for the regulation of blood pressure. We report that all four histamine receptors (HRs) as well as enzymes responsible for histamine metabolism and synthesis are expressed in cultured mouse mpkCCDcl4 cells, and histamine evokes a dose-dependent transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ in these cells. Furthermore, we observed a dose-dependent increase in cAMP in the CD cells in response to histamine. Short-circuit current studies aimed at measuring Na+ reabsorption via ENaC (epithelial Na+ channel) demonstrated inhibition of ENaC-mediated currents by histamine after a 4-h incubation, and single-channel patch-clamp analysis revealed similar ENaC open probability before and after acute histamine application. The long-term (4 h) effect on ENaC was corroborated in immunocytochemistry and qPCR, which showed a decrease in protein and gene expression for αENaC upon histamine treatment. In summary, our data highlight the functional importance of HRs in the CD cells and suggest potential implications of histamine in inflammation-related renal conditions. Further research is required to discern the molecular pathways downstream of HRs and assess the role of specific receptors in renal pathophysiology.
Nrf2 attenuates hyperglycemia-induced nNOS impairment in adult mouse primary enteric neuronal crest cells and normalizes stomach function
Authors: Sampath Chethan , Raju Abhinav V. , Freeman Michael L. , Srinivasan Shanthi , Gangula Pandu R.
Published: January 2022

Primary neuronal cell crust (pENCs) in the intestine habitats nNOS and Nrf2, which was suppressed in diabetic gastroparesis. Activation of Nrf2 restored nNOS by suppressing inflammatory markers in pENCs cells. Inhibition of Nrf2 reveals a negative feedback mechanism for the activation of GSK-3. Activation of Nrf2 alleviates STZ-induced delayed gastric emptying and nitrergic relaxation in female mice. Activation of Nrf2 restored impaired gastric BH4 biosynthesis enzyme GCH-1, nNOSα expression thus regulating nitric oxide levels.
Extracorporeal circulation impairs microcirculation perfusion and organ function
Authors: Govender Krianthan , Cabrales Pedro
Published: January 2022

ECC reduces microvascular perfusion, with no full recovery 24 h after ECC. HSA performed better as compared with LR in terms of FCD and venule flow, as well as venule oxygen saturation. Increases in inflammatory and damage markers in key organs were observed within all organs analyzed.
Applications of Lehmer’s Infinite Series Involving Reciprocals of the Central Binomial Coefficients
Authors: Kumar B. R. Srivatsa , Kılıçman Adem , Rathie Arjun K.
Published: January 2022

The main objective of this paper is to establish several new closed-form evaluations of the generalized hypergeometric function

F

q
+
1

q

z

for

q
=
2
,
3
,
4
,
5

. This is achieved by means of separating the generalized hypergeometric function

F

q
+
1

q

z

(

q
=
2
,
3
,
4
,
5

) into even and odd components together with the use of several known infinite series involving reciprocals of the central binomial coefficients obtained earlier by Lehmer.
Effect of Early Enteral Nutrition Support Combined with Chemotherapy on Related Complications and Immune Function of Patients after Radical Gastrectomy
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Lei , Zhao Min , Zuo Xiaoxia , Zhu Wenhua , Cui Keying , Yan Xu , Liu Xiaofei
Published: January 2022

Objective. The purpose was to analyze the effect of early enteral nutrition (EEN) support combined with chemotherapy on related complications and immune function in patients after radical gastrectomy. Methods. 80 patients with gastric cancer treated in our hospital from March 2019 to March 2020 were selected as the research objects and divided into the experimental group and control group according to the random number table, with 40 cases in each group. The control group received chemotherapy only after surgery, while the experimental group received EEN on this basis. The total protein (TP), transferrin (TF), albumin (ALB), immune cells, and other indexes were measured in the two groups before and after treatment to analyze the effect of different treatment methods on the complications and immune function of patients after radical gastrectomy. Results. There were no significant differences in gender ratio, average age, average BMI, pathological types, disease staging, and residence between the two groups (P > 0.05). The exhaust recovery time, total gastric tube drainage, fluid intake time, and hospitalization time in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the TP, TF, and ALB levels between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05), and the TP, TF, and ALB levels in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05). The CD4+/CD8+, CD3+, and CD4+ levels in the experimental group after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.001). After treatment, the growth hormone levels in both groups significantly increased (P < 0.001), and the growth hormone level in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the KPS scores between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05), and the KPS score in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group after treatment (P < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative complications in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion. EEN combined with chemotherapy is a reliable method to improve the immune function of patients after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, which plays an important role in improving the physical state of patients and reducing the incidence of complications. Therefore, its further research will help to establish a better treatment plan for such patients.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Functionalized Scaffolds for the Recruitment of Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteochondral Repair
Authors: Luo Yuan , Cao Xiaodong , Chen Junfeng , Gu Jianwei , Yu Hao , Sun Junying , Zou Jun
Published: January 2022

Cartilage regeneration is still a challenge for clinicians because of avascularity, denervation, load-bearing, synovial movement, and the paucity of endogenous repair cells. We constructed a multilayered osteochondral bionic scaffold and examined its repair capacity using a rabbit osteochondral defect model. The cartilage phase and interface layer of the scaffold were prepared by freeze-drying, whereas the bone phase of the scaffold was prepared by high-temperature sintering. The three-phase osteochondral bionic scaffold was formed by joining the hydroxyapatite (HAp) and silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds using the repeated freeze-thaw method. Different groups of scaffolds were implanted into the rabbit osteochondral defect model, and their repair capacities were assessed using imaging and histological analyses. The cartilage phase and the interface layer of the scaffold had a pore size of

110.13
±
29.38

and

96.53
±
33.72
 
μ
m

, respectively. All generated scaffolds exhibited a honeycomb porous structure. The polydopamine- (PDA-) modified scaffold released platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) for 4 weeks continuously, reaching a cumulative release of

71.74
±
5.38
%

. Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) adhered well to all scaffolds, but demonstrated the strongest proliferation ability in the HSPP (HAp-Silk-PDA-PDGF) group. Following scaffold-induced chondrogenic differentiation, SMSCs produced much chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM). In in vivo experiments, the HSPP group exhibited a significantly higher gross tissue morphology score and achieved cartilage regeneration at an earlier stage and a significantly better repair process compared with the other groups (

P
<
0.05

). Histological analysis revealed that the new cartilage tissue in the experimental group had a better shape and almost filled the defect area, whereas the scaffold was nearly completely degraded. The new cartilage was effectively fused with the surrounding normal cartilage, and a substantial amount of chondrocyte ECM was formed. The SF/HAp three-layer osteochondral bionic scaffold exhibited favorable pore size, porosity, and drug sustained-release properties. It demonstrated good biocompatibility in vitro and encouraging repair effect at osteochondral defect site in vivo, thereby expected to enabling the repair and regeneration of osteochondral damage.
Four-Octyl Itaconate Protects Chondrocytes against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Injury and Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression by Activating Nrf2 Signaling
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Xiaotong , Peng Qiliang , Jin Yesheng , Shi Gaolong , Fan Zhihai , Zhou Zhiqiang
Published: January 2022

Nrf2 is a critical regulator of the antioxidant defense systems in cellular protection. Emerging evidence has shown that four-octyl itaconate (OI) activates Nrf2 cascade. In this study, the chondroprotective effects of OI on H2O2-stimulated chondrocytes and DMM-induced osteoarthritis (OA) progression were investigated. In primary murine chondrocytes, OI interrupted the binding of Keap1 and Nrf2, leading to accumulation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 protein, as well as transcription and expression of Nrf2-dependent genes, such as HO-1, NQO1, and GCLC. Furthermore, OI inhibited cell death and apoptosis, as well as H2O2-stimulated ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, superoxide accumulation, and mitochondrial depolarization in chondrocytes, which were abolished by the silence or depletion of Nrf2. In addition, in vivo experiments revealed the therapeutic effects of OI on OA progression in a DMM mouse model. Collectively, these results suggested that OI might serve as a potential treatment for OA progression.
Recycling of 100% Cotton Fabric Waste to Produce Unsaturated Polyester-Based Composite for False Ceiling Board Application
Authors: Gedif Biruk , Atalie Desalegn
Published: January 2022

In recent years, the garment and textile industries generate millions of tons of textile waste every year around the world. Textile wastes are one of the disposed of materials and the sum of disposed of material squander materials expanded from year to year. For this reason, regenerating and utilizing the textile waste item as resources and decreasing environmental pollution may be an extraordinary opportunity. This research is aimed at manufacturing unsaturated polyester composite reinforced with 100% cotton fabric waste for ceiling board application using a manual mixing process followed by the compression molding method. The statistical results showed that mechanical properties of the produced composite samples such as tensile, compressive, flexural, and impact strength are affected by fiber mixed ratio and matrix loading at

α
=
0.05

. The composite ceiling reinforced with 33 weight % cotton fabric waste and a matrix of 67 weight % unsaturated polyester had a maximum tensile strength of 198 MPa, the flexural strength of 30.1 MPa, and compressive strength of 1105.3 MPa. On the contrary, the false ceiling board made from 10% cotton fabric waste and matrix of 90% unsaturated polyester had a lower tensile strength of 112.6 MPa, flexural strength of 21.5 MPa, and compressive strength of 867.5 MPa. Generally, the manufactured composites’ mechanical behaviors were comparable to existing commercial ceiling boards and the output of this research work can protect the environmental pollution by reducing textile waste disposed to landfills.
Research on the Cultivation Path of Teenagers' Sports Health Literacy under the Background of Healthy China
Authors: Jiang Yong , Xu Guangjian
Published: January 2022

Health literacy refers to an individual’s ability to acquire and understand health information and use it to maintain and promote his own health. In physical education, teenagers’ physical health literacy refers to teenagers improving their physical quality and comprehensive ability through physical training. The development of youth sports activities mainly depends on school physical education. Without the main channel of school physical education, it is difficult to achieve the strategic goal of improving youth health literacy. In order to effectively promote the cultivation of teenagers’ health literacy, it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable physical education system according to the cultivation characteristics of teenagers’ sports health literacy. Constantly strengthening the supervision of teenagers’ physical exercise and paying attention to cultivating teenagers’ sports habits are of great significance to the cultivation of teenagers’ sports health literacy and their future study and development. Based on this, this paper expounds and analyzes the concept, necessity, and training path of teenagers’ sports health literacy under the background of healthy China.
Dynamic Pain-Related Changes in Pulse-Graph Measurements in Patients with Primary Dysmenorrhea before and after Electroacupuncture Intervention and Its Correlation with TCM Pattern
Authors: Yang Yingying , Wang Tianfang , Dong Jian , Tang Ling , Wang Yanping , Li Ning , Zhao Lihong
Published: January 2022

Objective. To explore the dynamic changes recorded in pulse graph related to the changes in the severity of pain before and after electroacupuncture (EA) intervention among young women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea (PD). Methods. A total of 147 female college students were recruited in this study. Based on participants’ symptoms associated with menstruation, they were divided into the PD group and the healthy control group. In addition, participants in the PD group were further sorted into the Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis Pattern (CCBSP) and Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis Pattern (QSBSP) based on TCM diagnoses and their pulses differences. Participants in the PD group received EA at maximal pain during menstruation. The primary acupuncture points selected were SP 6 and RN 3, additional RN 4 for CCBSP, and LR 3 for QSBSP. Four observation time points were 7–10 days before menstruation (T0), maximal pain during menstruation (T1), immediately after EA (T2), and 30 mins after EA (T3). The severity of pain was assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS) along with a pulse analyzer to record the variations of the pulse graph throughout the changes of pain level. Results. (1) The average VAS score in the PD group decreased from 5.44 ± 1.46 at T1 to 1.72 ± 1.27 at T2 and 1.59 ± 1.30 at T3. The average VAS score in participants of CCBSP at T1, T2, and T3 was higher than that of QSBSP. (2) At T1, h2, h3, h4, and

w

1

/t were all significantly increased, compared with those at T0. At T2, t and t5 were both significantly increased, and

w

1

/t, t1, and t1/t were all significantly decreased, compared with those at T1. At T3,

w

1

/t, t1, and t1/t were all significantly increased, and t and t5 were both significantly decreased, compared with those at T2. (3) Comparing the pulse graphs between the healthy control and the PD groups, h1 was significantly lower at T0;

w

1

/t was significantly higher at T1; t was significantly higher at T2; and t1 and t1/t were both significantly higher at T3 in PD group. (4) When comparing the pulse graphs between QSBSP and CCBSP, t4/t5 was significantly higher at T0 and t1 was significantly higher at T1 in the CCBSP group. Conclusion. EA is effective in relieving primary dysmenorrhea. Our results showed the opposite changing of the pulse graph recorded before the onset of pain to the maximum pain and that from maximum pain to pain relief. Indeed, there were differences in the recorded pulse graphs between CCBSP and QSBSP (two patterns of PD) as described in traditional Chinese pulses diagnosis. The study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registered number: ChiCTR2000040065; registered date: 2020/11/19).
Seropositivity of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG Antibody among People in Dhaka City during the Prevaccination Period
Authors: Ahmed Zabed Bin , Razu Mamudul Hasan , Akter Fatema , Rabby Md. Raisul Islam , Karmaker Pranab , Khan Mala
Published: January 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) detection can be an effective complementary tool to the reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test in estimating the true burden of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID‐19) and can serve as baseline data, especially after the roll‐out of vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2. In this study, we aim to determine the seropositivity of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG among people in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Volunteers, mostly asymptomatic people from Dhaka, were enrolled between October 2020 and February 2021. After obtaining participants’ signed consents, blood samples were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody, following the standard protocol of testing within 72 hours of collection. SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG was positive in 42% (101/239) of the cases. No difference was observed in terms of IgG positivity and IgG levels when stratified by age, gender, and blood group. However, RT‐PCR‐positive cases presented higher IgG levels compared to RT‐PCR‐negative/RT‐PCR‐not performed cases. SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG was found in 31% (32/102) and 28% (19/67) of RT‐PCR‐negative and RT‐PCR‐not performed cases, respectively. For RT‐PCR‐positive but SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG‐negative cases (n = 13), the average time gap between the RT‐PCR and SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG tests of six months indicates a gradual reduction of IgG. Eight cases for which samples were tested at two time points, three months apart, showed presented a decline in IgG levels with time (median IgG index of 2.55 in the first sample versus 1.22 in the second sample). Our findings reveal that several mild/asymptomatic cases that were RT‐PCR‐negative/not tested exist in the community, and IgG levels reduce in the human body over time.
Isosteviol Sodium Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Chronic Colitis through the Regulation of Metabolic Profiling, Macrophage Polarization, and NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Wang Shanping , Huang Jiandong , Tan Keai Sinn , Deng Liangjun , Liu Fei , Tan Wen
Published: January 2022

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) constitute a group of chronic intestinal conditions prominently featuring deranged metabolism. Effective pharmacological treatments for IBDs are lacking. Isosteviol sodium (STV-Na) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and may offer therapeutic benefits in chronic colitis. However, the associated mechanism remains unclear. This study is aimed at exploring the therapeutic effects of STV-Na against chronic colitis in terms of metabolic reprogramming and macrophage polarization. Results show that STV-Na attenuated weight loss and colonic pathological damage and restored the hematological and biochemical parameters in chronic colitis mice models. STV-Na also restored intestinal permeability by increasing the goblet cell numbers, which was accompanied by lowered plasma lipopolysaccharide and diamine oxidase levels. Metabolomic analysis highlighted 102 candidate biomarkers and 5 vital pathways that may be crucial in the potential pharmacological mechanism of STV-Na in regulating intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. These pathways were glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism. Furthermore, STV-Na significantly decreased M1 macrophage polarization in the spleen and colon. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB/p65 in colonic tissue from the colitis mice were decreased after the STV-Na treatment. Overall, STV-Na could alleviate chronic colitis by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation levels, reprogramming the metabolic profile, inhibiting macrophage polarization, and suppressing the NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway. STV-Na remains a promising candidate drug for treating IBDs.
A Data-Driven WSN Security Threat Analysis Model Based on Cognitive Computing
Authors: Huang Xinyan
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we use cognitive computing to build a WSN security threat analysis model using a data-driven approach and conduct an in-depth and systematic study. In this paper, we develop a simulation platform (OMNeT++-based WSN Security Protocol Simulation Platform (WSPSim)) based on OMNeT++ to make up for the shortcomings of current WSN simulation platforms, improve the simulation capability of WSN security protocols, and provide a new technical means for designing and verifying security protocols. The WSPSim simulation platform is used to simulate and analyze typical WSN protocols and verify the effectiveness of the platform. In this paper, we mainly analyze the node malicious behavior by listening and judging the communication behavior of the nodes, and the current trust assessment is given by the security management nodes. When the security management node is rotated, its stored trust value is used as historical trust assessment and current trust assessment together to participate in the integrated trust value calculation, which improves the reliability of node trust assessment; to increase the security and reliability of the management node, a trust value factor and residual energy factor are introduced in the security management node election in the paper. According to the time of management node election, the weights of both are changed to optimize the election. Using the WSPSim simulation platform, a typical WSN protocol is simulated and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the platform. In this paper, the simulation results of the LEACH protocol with an MD5 hash algorithm and trust evaluation mechanism and typical LEACH protocol as simulation samples are compared; i.e., the correctness of the simulation platform is verified, and it is shown that improving the security of the protocol and enhancing the security and energy efficiency of wireless sensor networks provide an effective solution.
Effects of Chinese Medicine on the Survival of AIDS Patients Administered Second-Line ART in Rural Areas of China: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on Real-World Data
Authors: Jin Yantao , Zhang Miao , Ma Yanmin , Sang Feng , Li Pengyu , Yang Chunling , Wang Dongli , Guo Huijun , Liu Zhibin , Xu Qianlei
Published: January 2022

Objectives. Chinese medicine (CM) improves the symptoms of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and prolongs their survival. This real-world study aimed to evaluate the effects of CM on the survival of AIDS patients administered second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the medical records of patients with AIDS who switched to second-line ART between January 2009 and December 2014. Patients were divided into ART and CM + ART groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to correct for biases between groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log-rank test were used to compare survival rates, and Cox regression models were employed to identify factors significantly associated with survival. Results. The study population (n = 4180) was comprised of the CM + ART group (n = 855) and the ART group (n = 3325). After 1 : 2 PSM, 855 patients in the CM + ART group and 1699 in the ART group were selected for analysis. Patients in the CM + ART group were followed for 4246.8 person-years, and the mortality rate was 2.12/100 person-years. Patients in the ART group were followed for 8381.2 person-years, and the mortality rate was 2.91/100 person-years. Cox regression model analysis revealed that patients in the CM + ART group survived significantly longer than those in the ART group (hazard ratio: 0.73 and 95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.93). Gender, age, symptoms, CD4 cell counts, and viral loads were independently associated with the survival of AIDS patients treated with second-line ART. Conclusions. CM significantly improved the survival rate of AIDS patients treated with second-line ART.
[Retracted] Analysis and Risk Assessment of Corporate Financial Leverage Using Mobile Payment in the Era of Digital Technology in a Complex Environment
Authors: Wei Wenjing , Li Bingxiang
Published: January 2022

The study aims to improve the enterprise’s ability to respond to financial crises and find some countermeasures to prevent potential financial risks. The enterprise financial risk is assessed, and the automatic summary function of mobile payment platforms based on long short‐term memory (LSTM) is performed to extract the structured data and unstructured texts from its annual report. On this basis, the early warning system model of financial risks is implemented and its accuracy is improved. The structured data and unstructured text in the company’s annual report are extracted. The enterprise financial risk early warning system model is constructed. The accuracy of the enterprise financial risk early warning system has been improved. Firstly, we use the convolutional neural network (CNN) to establish a financial risk prediction system using financial data and test various indicators of the system. Secondly, the financial annual report of the listed company is obtained from the Internet. The required financial statements are obtained in two ways. The first is to set high special treatment (ST) sample weights and delete some non‐ST samples. The second is to delete punctuation marks, interjections, numbers, and so on and process the collected text data. The financial risk prediction model is established using the financial text, and the LSTM + attention mechanism is used to optimize the model. Finally, combining structured financial data and unstructured financial text to establish a forecasting model, the model uses LSTM. Combined with a single‐layer neural network or CNN model, the comparison experiment is carried out in two ways. Experiments show that the CNN or LSTM attention mechanism cannot significantly improve the performance of the system only using financial data or texts. Using the financial data and financial text using the LSTM + CNN model, the F1 value reached 85.29%. Financial data and other indicators in the text have also been greatly improved, and the overall performance is the best. In summary, LSTM using financial data and financial texts combined with CNN to establish a risk prediction system can help investors and companies themselves find possible financial crises in listed companies as soon as possible and help companies deal with their financial risks in a timely manner.
Studies on the Mechanism of the Volatile Oils from Caoguo-4 Decoction in Regulating Spleen Deficiency Diarrhea by Adjusting Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Mei Li , Wang Fang , Yang Ming , Liu Zhiyong , Wang Liangfeng , Chen Qingyao , Li Fengqin , Zhang Xiaofei
Published: January 2022

Background. The Caoguo-4 decoction, a classical Mongolian medicine formula, is widely used to treat spleen deficiency diarrhea (SDD) in Mongolian for decades. Previously, the Caoguo-4 decoction volatile oil has been confirmed to be effective in ameliorating symptoms of spleen deficiency diarrhea in an animal model. However, the underlying mechanism of the Caoguo-4 decoction volatile oil is yet to be established. The aim of the current study was to investigate the antidiarrheal effects and mechanism of the Caoguo-4 decoction volatile oil. Method. Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 animals including control, model, positive, Caoguo-4 decoction, and Caoguo-4 decoction volatile oil groups (10 rats in each group). All the rats, besides those in the control group, were induced to develop SDD by a bitter-cold purgation method with Xiaochengqi decoction. The antidiarrheal effect of Caoguo-4 decoction volatile oil was evaluated by pathological section, serum D-xylose and AMS content, plasma MTL content, and gut microbiota analysis via 16S rRNA sequencing. Results. The results showed that the developed SDD rat model (model group) had decreased food intake, increased weight loss, soft stool, and bad hair color. When compared with the control group, serum was significantly reduced serum D-xylose and AML but increased MTL levels in the model group (

p
<
0.05

). However, after treatment with either the Caoguo-4 decoction (the decoction group) or Smecta (the positive group) or volatile oil from the Caoguo-4 decoction (the volatile oil group), a significant increase in the serum D-xylose levels was observed. Additionally, AML levels significantly increased in the positive and volatile oil groups, and MTL levels significantly decreased in the decoction and volatile oil groups, when compared with the model group (

p
<
0.05

). The pathological changes of the intestinal mucosa showed that the structure of the epithelium in the villi of the small intestine was affected, deformed, and incomplete in the model group when compared with the control group. However, either the decoction group or the volatile oil group recovered the villous morphology. The results of OTU analysis and alpha diversity analysis of intestinal bacteria showed that the intestinal microbiota of the SDD model rats showed an obvious decrease in richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota. But the intervention treatment of decoction and volatile oil could significantly recover the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota. Conclusion. The intestinal microbiota destroyed in SDD modelling could be significantly improved by the Caoguo-4 decoction volatile oils, which provides reference for clinical medication.
Modeling and Design of a Solar Rotary Dryer Bench Test for Phosphate Sludge
Authors: Ettahi Khadija , Chaanaoui Meriem , Sébastien Vaudreuil , Abderafi Souad , Bounahmidi Tijani
Published: January 2022

As an eco-friendlier way to manage mining waste, the use of solar energy to dry phosphate sludge in a rotary dryer is envisioned. As a first step toward this end, a design study for a bench-scale rotary dryer for phosphate sludge is detailed, using a one-dimensional mathematical model developed for this task. Using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software, a steady-state transport phenomena model was developed that enables an estimation of the moisture and temperature profiles for both gas and product in the dryer. A sensitivity analysis evaluated the effects and influence of different geometric parameters and operating conditions on the product moisture profile. Parameters involved include the diameter of the dryer, the residence time of the product to dry, inlet air temperature, and inlet product humidity. This allowed for the selection of suitable design parameters for the operation of a phosphate sludge dryer with a 1.5 m length and an internal diameter of 11.5 cm. The inlet air temperature of the rotary dryer was set at 200°C to achieve a reduction of moisture content in the product from 30% to 7%. The model was validated through literature and experimental datasets, with an error averaging 0.22% and 1.52%, respectively.
Adapted Murine Sepsis Score: Improving the Research in Experimental Sepsis Mouse Model
Authors: Sulzbacher Maicon Machado , Sulzbacher Lucas Machado , Passos Felipe Rafael , Bilibio Bruna Letícia Endl , de Oliveira Kauana , Althaus Wellington Felipe , Frizzo Matias Nunes , Ludwig Mirna Stela , Da Cruz Ivana Beatrice Mânica , Heck Thiago Gomes
Published: January 2022

The Murine Sepsis Score (MSS) is used to assess the severity of sepsis in rats and mice based on observational characteristics. The quantitative variables of glycemia, body weight, and temperature are predictors of severity in experimental models of sepsis. Therefore, our study sought to adapt the MSS with the same variables to indicate earlier the severity of the disease in murine models of the disease. Sepsis mice presented hypoglycemia, weight loss, and hypothermia. Therefore, these variables were included in the Adapted Murine Sepsis Score (A‐MSS). The A‐MASS presented 100% specificity and 87.5% sensibility been able to differentiate the early sepsis symptoms and its severity. The A‐MSS allows an early and more complete diagnosis of sepsis in mice and might be considered as a procedure to improve the analysis of systemic sepsis dysfunction in murine experimental models.
Distinct Symptoms and Underlying Comorbidities with Latitude and Longitude in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tian Yong , Wu Qian , Li Hongwei , Wu Qi , Xie Yi , Li Li , Chen Huaiyong
Published: January 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is straining global health resources, and the prevalence of severe disease appears to vary across countries. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical features and underlying medical conditions of COVID-19. Eighty-seven studies, involving 1,434,931 COVID-19 patients from the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, were included. Geographically, the rate of severity was highest in Asia (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23‒0.30). The rates of comorbidities of COVID-19 patients in the Americas were significantly higher than those in Asia. Most Asian patients had fever (95%CI 0.70‒0.81), and most Oceanian patients had cough (95%CI 0.68‒0.70) as their prevalent symptom. Dyspnea was common in the Americas (95%CI 0.33‒0.64), Europe (95%CI 0.29‒0.64), and high latitude regions (95%CI 0.53‒0.82). European patients exhibited significantly high rates of loss of smell and taste (95%CI 0.60–0.97). In low-latitude regions, cancer (95%CI 14.50‒4.89) had the strongest correlation with illness severity. Comorbid diseases and clinical manifestations of severe COVID-19 patients vary substantially between latitudes and longitudes. Region-specific care should be considered to treat and improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.