bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular myocardial remodeling in hypertensive men with heart failure: focus on SNP rs7069102 SIRT1 gene phenotypes
Authors: Donets A.O. , Zhebel V.M.
Published: October 2023

Myocardial remodeling in essential hypertension (EH) is an integral stage in the formation of heart failure (HF) on its background, and it may be under genetic control. The study of phenotypic manifestations of SNP rs7069102 of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) gene is a promising direction of research into the genetics of EH, because the expression product of this SNP is involved in the formation of age-related changes in the heart, the regulation of the processes of energy supply, hypertrophy and fibrosis of the myocardium.The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of SNP rs7069102 of the SIRT1 gene in the processes of myocardial remodeling in men with chronic heart failure (CHF), which complicated the EH, residents of the Podilsk region of Ukraine. Material and methods. 190 men aged 40-65, residents of the Podilsk region of Ukraine, were examined: 70 people without cardiovascular diseases formed a control group, the main group included 60 patients with asymptomatic EH and 60 patients with CHF II A stage. The molecular genetic study of SNP rs7069102 of the SIRT1 gene was carried out by the method of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All study participants underwent Doppler echocardiography according to a standard protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using contingency table analysis, analysis of variance, and odds ratio calculation. Results. It was found that, in general, among men, residents of the Podilsk region of Ukraine, carriers of the G allele dominate (70.26%), while among patients with EH, GG homozygotes are significantly more common (53.34%) than among men of the control group (35, 31%, p<0.001). It was determined that for GG homozygotes the risk of developing EH is significantly higher than for carriers of other SNP variants (the model is reliable at χ2=4.31, p=0.042, OR= 2.06). GG homozygotes are also characterized by certain features of hypertensive remodeling of the myocardium in the form of significantly greater wall thickness (1.23±0.02 cm, p<0.05) and larger left ventricular size (LV=74.04±1.27 ml/m2, p<0.05) and the left atrium size (iLA=38.56±0.56 ml/m2, p<0.05), higher LV myocardial mass index (iMMLV=87.58±2.24 g/m2, 7, p<0.05), lower indicators of diastolic function (E/A=0.85±0.05 human units, p<0.05) and systolic function (LVEF ejection fraction=41.68±0.77 %, p<0.05), than in carriers of the СG+GG variant. In conclusion, the carrier of the homozygous GG variant for patients with EH, including, in case of development of CHF, is associated with a higher probability of having LV and LA dilatation, LV diastolic dysfunction, and a CHF phenotype with a decrease LVEF below 40%.Conclusions. Thus, SNP rs7069102 of the SIRT1 gene is associated not only with a higher risk of developing EH, but also with such variants of heart remodeling that may underlie the formation of CHF on its background.
To the characterization of nervous processes in people with different heat sensitivity
Authors: Vadzyuk S.N. , Dzhyvak T.V.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study was to diagnose functional mobility and strength of nervous processes in people with different heat sensitivity.Materials and methods. For this study, 150 students aged 17-20 years were involved. The subjects were divided into two groups, according to the questionnaire "Levels of heat sensitivity" and heat test. Diagnosing functional mobility of nervous processes in the feedback mode was conducted using the computer program "Diagnost 1M". The strength of nervous processes was also studied, according to the quality of mental load, using the imposed rhythm mode and in the feedback mode. Results. According to the results of the examination, it was found that participants with lower heat sensitivity (group B) have a higher rate of nervous processes strength according to the criterion of the total number of presented and processed signals within five minutes. They also had an average level of functional mobility of nervous processes. Participants with higher heat sensitivity (group A) had a lower than average level of functional mobility. In addition, a correlation was found between the minimum reaction time to a stimulus and the level of heat sensitivity in people. Regarding the quality of mental load performance using the imposed rhythm mode, a higher than average level of test errors was found in group A, while in group B this indicator was within the average level.Conclusions. Persons with lower heat sensitivity have a higher level of strength of nervous processes and their functional mobility, which results in more successful coping with mental load in the mode of imposed rhythm, compared to participants with higher heat sensitivity. Therefore, in subjects with a higher level of heat sensitivity, compared to those with a lower level, impaired concentration and decreased mental performance occur earlier.
Remodeling and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with arterial hypertension (literature review)
Authors: Biletskyi S.V. , Sydorchuk L.P. , Kazantseva T.V. , Petrynych O.A.
Published: October 2023

The article contains literature information concerning the pathogenesis of hypertrophy and remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) of the heart in patients with arterial hypertension (AH), regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) under the influence of anti-hypertensive treatment. Remodeling of the heart is its structural geometrical changes occurring under the influence of pathological factors: increasing the number of sarcomeres, length and thickness of cardiomyocytes, increasing or decreasing the wall thickness, and enlargement of the ventricular cavity. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophy and remodeling of the myocardium with AH and heart failure. LVH is one of the most significant predictors of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, mortality from cardiovascular diseases, and general mortality. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCB), АТ ІІ receptor blockers (ARB) promotes reverse development of LVH and regression of the processes of the heart muscle remodeling. ACEIs are found to be more effective in achieving regression of LVH in patients with AH compared to CCB and beta-blockers. An early beginning of anti-hypertensive therapy and attention to metabolic aspects are critically important to avoid irreversible LVH. The ESH/ESC recommendations (2018) indicate that ACEI and ARB are effective for the prevention or regression of LVH in patients with AH, and beta-blockers are less effective than RAAS blockers and CCB.Objective: to systematize literature data about the pathogenesis of the left ventricle remodeling in patients with arterial hypertension, and the role of anti-hypertensive therapy in the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion. Today, the concept about the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the pathogenesis of hypertrophy and remodeling of the left ventricle in patients with arterial hypertension has been formulated. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers are the most effective in the prevention or regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with arterial hypertension.
Osteoporosis in patients with chronic liver disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Tkachenko T.V. , Pentiuk N.O. , Pentiuk L.O. , Tomashkevych H.I.
Published: October 2023

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common complication in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), which remains under the radar of clinicians. About 30% of patients with CLD suffer from OP. The increased risk of fractures in patients with CLD poses a serious socio-economic burden on the healthcare system and requires more effective measures of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The purpose of this review is to describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of OP development in CLD and existing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the management of such patients. The search in the PubMed database using the keywords "osteoporosis, bone disease, chronic liver diseases, liver cirrhosis" allowed us to select 42 sources published in 2001 – 2023. This review summarises potential mechanisms that underlie and may contribute to the development of OP in CLD. These include changes in vitamin D and calcium metabolism, vitamin K deficiency, hormonal dysregulation, the release of cytokines, sclerostin, changes in gut microbiota, deficiency of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and effects caused by drug intake. The prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, screening strategies, and treatment of OP in patients with CLD are discussed.
TREATMENT OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH DISORDER OF MENSTRUAL FUNCTION DUE TO OBESITY
Authors: Bodnariuk O. , Andriiets O. , Semeniak A. , Borshulyak A. , Andriiets A.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Normalization of menstrual function in adolescent girls is a prevention of reproductive health disorders in the future, which determines the need for new methods of therapy.Aim of the study. To normalize the menstrual cycle and reduce body weight in adolescent girls with menstrual dysfunction andobesity of various degrees by developing an eff ective and advanced treatment complex.Materials and methods. Two groups were formed: the control group – 31 healthy teenage girls and the main group – 79 teenage girls with menstrual disorders and obesity, divided into two subgroups: I – 44, who received the treatment developed by us, II – 35, who received the traditional, generally accepted therapy.Research methods: general clinical, gynecological, ultrasound. Statistical analysis according to generally accepted methods of variational statistics. Approval of the scientifi c work was obtained from the Bioethics Committee of the Bukovyna State Medical University (Ukraine). The work is a fragment of the research work «Prevention, diagnostics and treatment of disorders of perinatal period and reproductive system of women and adolescent girls» (201110Н, state registration number 0111U006499).Research results. The proposed treatment leads to a signifi cant decrease in body mass index regardless of the degree of obesity, glucose in the second degree from 4.86 ± 0.43 mmol/l to 4.65 ± 1.1 mmol/l (р ˂ 0.05) and in the third degree from 5. 81 ± 0.12 mmol/l to 4.93 ± 0.7 mmol/l (р ˂ 0.05), establishing a regular menstrual cycle in 90.3% with oligomenorrhea for less than two years and 79.3% for more than two years, with traditional therapy – 78.0%, 58.9% (р ˂ 0.05).Conclusions. The improved treatment complex leads to normalization of the menstrual cycle in 90.3%, reduction of body weightand prevention of polycystic ovary syndrome.
PARENCHYMA PRESERVING SURGERY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GIANT PULMONARY HYDATID CYST COMPLICATED BY ENDOBRONCHIAL RUPTURE IN CHILDREN: CASE REPORT
Authors: Babuci S. , Dogotari N. , Petrovici V. , Negru I. , Negru V.
Published: October 2023

The authors report a clinical case of a 15-year-old female patient with a giant pulmonary hydatid cyst that was diagnosedonly after rupture and successfully operated. The patient suff ered a minor trauma during gym class, and a short time after thetrauma she vomited profusely with a large amount of colorless fl uid. Subsequently, her condition worsened, with fatigue, severe pain in the right hemithorax, severe cough with poor sputum, dyspnea and unspoken hemoptysis, so she was admitted to the hospital. After admission, a CT scan confi rmed the diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid cyst complicated by endobronchial rupture with subtotal involvement of the right lower lobe. The patient underwent surgery by right lateroposterior thoracotomy. After removal of the parasitic larvocyst, the remaining postechinococcectomy cavity was padded. In the postoperative period, partial insuffi ciency of the padding sutures was observed, which was treated conservatively.The authors conclude that echinococcectomy with silver nitrate treatment of the residual cavity and fi lling with superimposedbursae in giant pulmonary hydatid cyst complicated by endobronchial rupture is an eff ective technical procedure that allows toreduce postoperative morbidity and hospitalization time in this serious complication.
DUPLICATION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE IN EMERGENCY PEDIATRIC SURGERY
Authors: Soleiko D. , Gorbatyuk O. , Soleiko N.
Published: October 2023

Duplication of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare congenital surgical malformation. The frequency of the anomaly is 1:4500 ofnewborns, the most frequent localization of the duplication is the iliac region of the small intestine – 33%, duplications of the jejunum make up 7-10% of the total number of cases. The complexity of diagnosis and choice of surgical tactics is due to the absence of specifi c symptoms, possible asymptomatic presence for a long time, clinical manifestations characteristic of other diseases. The article presents an example of a clinical case of doubling of the jejunum in a pediatric patient complicated by peptic ulcer and diff use peritonitis. Complaints, features of the diagnostic process at the prehospital stage, selected surgical tactics, and causes of complications were analyzed.Morphologic signs of jejunal duplication are given. The given clinical example proves that the cause of dyspeptic phenomena of long duration and abdominal pain of unknown origin in pediatric patients may be surgical pathology, in particular, doubling of the gastrointestinal tract complicated by infl ammation of the small intestine. Therefore, such patients need the consultation of a pediatric surgeon, search and detection of possible surgical pathology, including doubling of the intestine. The diagnostic methods for detecting this anomaly are radiography, ultrasound, and contrast- enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Perforation in GI duplication is one of the causes of peritonitis that should be considered by emergency pediatric surgeons in their practice. Timely determination of the patient’s gastrointestinal tract duplication allows the emergency surgeon to optimize diagnostic measures, optimal choice of surgical approach, predict the volume of surgical intervention, avoid possible complications, reduce the time and cost of treatment. Since the fi nal confirmation of the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract duplication is the result of morphological examination, its performance is mandatory.
LEVELS OF IL-4 AND Γ- INTERFERON IN CHILDREN’S BLOOD SERUM AS PREDICTORS OF ASTHMA FORMATION
Authors: Makieieva N. , Andrushchenko V. , Malakhova V. , Tsymbal V. , Alieksieieva N.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The prevalence of asthma continues to increase every year. Asthma is the leading chronic disease. Infl ammation,both acute and chronic, is closely related to the action of cytokines (pro- and anti-infl ammatory). T-helper 2 lymphocytesrelease IL-4, which triggers the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, which set the stage for allergy and activateinfl ammatory cells. The regulators of this process are T helper-1 lymphocytes, which produce cytokines (IFN-gamma) thatsuppress Th-2 activity. Disturbances in the ratio of Th-1/Th-2 lymphocyte clones are a subject of debate in the early detectionof asthma and the prediction of the development of this disease.The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of IL-4 and γ-interferon in the blood serum of children with transient wheezeand asthma..Material and methods. 121 children were included in the study. The patients were divided into groups: group 1 – childrenwith transient wheezing (TW) (n = 81), group 2 – children with doctor- diagnosed asthma (DDA) (n = 15), group 3 – healthychildren (n = 25).IL-4 and γ-interferon in blood serum were analyzed by ELISA using commercial kits (human IL-4 and human γ-interferon“Vector Best- Ukraine”). Data were analyzed using Statsoft Statistica version 8 (Tulsa, OK) and the MedCalc version 17.2statistical program.The planned clinical trials were conducted after obtaining the approval of the local ethics committee (date: February 1, 2015;number: 2015/01) and were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, as amended in October 2013.This article was conducted within the framework of the Department of Pediatrics No. 2 of Kharkiv National MedicalUniversity «Medical and biological aspects of adaptation of children with somatic pathology to modern conditions. Predictionof asthma control in children taking into account infl ammatory markers and the state of the airway barrier of the lungs» (stateregistration number 0120U102471).Results. It was found that in children of the fi rst and second groups, in the midst of clinical manifestations of wheezing, IL-4levels signifi cantly increased and serum γ-interferon levels decreased. The highest levels of IL-4 and the lowest levels of serumγ-interferon were found in patients with DDA.Serum levels of IL-4 above 15.33 pg/mL and γ-interferon below 98.62 pg/mL in children with wheezing episodes may beconsidered as a possible indicator of asthma development.Conclusions. Serum IL-4 and γ-interferon are involved in the regulation of allergic infl ammatory processes in the body.A statistically signifi cant increase in IL-4 levels and a decrease in γ-interferon levels in the blood serum of patients with asthmais likely to indicate the development of a chronic form of infl ammation.
Organizational and legal fundamentals of the urban movement in Halychyna through the prism of the state-forming activities of Kyryk Trylovsky
Authors: Bykov O.M.
Published: October 2023

The article reveals the public activity of Kyrik Trylovsky, which was aimed at the popularization of the «Sich» society and the spread of its branches in Galicia and beyond. XIX - beginning 20th century The statute of the «Sich» company was analyzed, the goal of the activity was named, and the methods of achieving the goal were revealed. It was emphasized that the priority areas of work of «Sichey» were the popularization of physical exercises among the population, participation in various athletic competitions, as well as the implementation of cultural and educational activities. The structure of the organization of the company is characterized. It is noted that the highest governing body of the company was the General Assembly, which was convened once a year. It was emphasized that any member of the organization could take the floor and bring up important and relevant issues for consideration, and also had the right to elect and be elected to the foreman. Important issues were discussed at the meetings of the Cossack elders (which included the koshovy, osavul, obozny, scribe, treasurer and chotari), which took place once a month. Emphasis is placed on the creation of a so-called «court of peace» in the structure of the society to settle possible disputes between foremen and members of the society. The reasons for the slow spread of «Siche» in the territory of Halychyna were determined, and the methods of popularizing the association among the local population of the region were revealed. Among them, the publication of association statutes, magazines, and the organization of January holidays by each branch occupy a prominent place. It is noted that the activities of the societies were also aimed at purchasing the necessary equipment, organizing public gymnastic performances, vocal and declamation performances, dances, entertainments, holidays, as well as maintaining reading rooms, libraries, circles for the illiterate, a choir, and an orchestra. It is emphasized that K. Trilovsky paid special attention to the involvement of young people in the activities of «Sich», which eventually became the impetus for the creation of youth centers of the «Young Sich» society. The organization considered the main task of this activity to be the rise of the Ukrainian national movement and national consciousness among students. It has been proven that the number of branches of the «Sich» society at the beginning of the 20th century. increased, spreading also on the territory of Bukovyna. It is indicated that it was the «Sich» society that gave the impetus to the creation of the «Sich Riflemen» organization.
Sanctions as a measure of constitutional and legal responsibility: legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine
Authors: Kudriavtseva O.M.
Published: October 2023

The article focuses attention on the role of legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in improving all components of constitutional and legal responsibility. It is emphasized that in view of the development of social relations, consolidation of Ukraine’s foreign policy course towards full membership in the EU, the war with Russia, one of the key issues is the question of measures of constitutional and legal responsibility (sanctions) in the retrospective aspect. It is noted that currently the measures of constitutional and legal responsibility have the following shortcomings: 1) fragmentation; 2) diversity; 3) conflicts (between normative acts that enshrine them and individual norms of law; conflicts in law-making and law enforcement; conflicts of powers and statuses of state bodies, officials).

The legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine regarding sanctions as a measure of constitutional and legal responsibility have been revealed. Attention is focused on their features, if the constitutional responsibility is borne by: 1) a collective subject; 2) an individual subject. It is emphasized that if the constitutional responsibility is borne by an individual subject - sanctions should be individualized as much as possible; a balance must be achieved between the protection of state interests, state security and interference with the rights and freedoms of an individual subject.

Attention is focused on the sanctions that can be established in the laws of Ukraine (at the same time, it is emphasized that the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is not the only entity empowered to establish sanctions), the constitutional and legal responsibility that the parliament itself bears for the adopted laws, acts of public legislation, absolutely defined and non-alternative sanctions.
Constitutional and legal principles regulating the right to education: current state and development prospects
Authors: Pyroha I. , Zaborovskyy V.
Published: October 2023

Purpose. The purpose of this article is an in-depth analysis and systematization of the constitutional and legal principles that underlie the regulation of the right to education in modern society. This article is aimed at highlighting the current aspects of the constitutional provision of educational rights, assessing the current state of these principles and considering possible prospects for development in the future.

Research methods. The methodological basis of the scientific article is a complex of general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition, the application of which allowed to reveal the essence of the constitutional and legal principles of regulation of the right to education under modern conditions.

Results and conclusions. Within the framework of scientific research, attention is focused on the challenges and opportunities facing the paradigm of the constitutional and legal foundations of the regulation of the right to education, namely: globalization of legal systems (active world integration, exchange of ideological and cultural assets), digital revolution (rapid development of the technology market) , geopolitical conflicts (obstacles in access to education, deterioration of the quality of education), demographic changes (the growing population creates a demand for proper provision of high-quality education for citizens) and inclusive education (taking into account the special needs of students in the process of providing educational services).

The consequences of the existence of such challenges, which are manifested in the emergence of new standards and approaches in the constitutional and legal regulation of the right to education, are indicated, in particular: quality and accessibility of education, inclusiveness of education, universality of education, flexibility and adaptation in education, digitalization of education, etc.
Lawful resctriction of the right to freedom of movement: international legal standards and practice of the European court of human rights
Authors: Prodyvus S.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of currentissues of restriction of the right to freedom of movement. The right to freedom of movement is one of the fundamental human rights in a democratic society and, accordingly, an integral part of the international human rights protection mechanism. At the same time, the right to freedom of movement is not absolute and is accompanied by certain restrictions necessary to ensure the realization of the rights, freedoms and interests of other people, the interests of the state and society. The author analyzed the provisions of international legal acts that enshrine the right to freedom of movement, in particular, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), the American Convention on Human Rights (1969), the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights (1981), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965) and Protocol No. 4 to the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The guarantees provided for in the above-mentioned acts and permissible cases of restriction of the right to freedom of movement were analyzed, as well as the criteria for compliance with which such a restriction would be considered legitimate were identified: legality; existence of a goal; necessity. The author has researched the approaches of the UN Human Rights Committee and the European Court of Human Rights to the understanding and interpretation of the mentioned criteria. Based on the analysis of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights on issues of verification of the legality of restrictions on the right to freedom of movement, it is substantiated that interference with the right to freedom of movement will be admissible if it is carried out only on the basis of the law, necessary in a democratic society with a legitimate aim (to protect state security , public order, health or morality of the population or the rights and freedoms of other persons, etc.), the interpretation of each of these requirements by the European Court of Human Rights is given, conclusions are drawn regarding the need to take them into account in national law-making and law-enforcement practice.
Legal security of the principle of equality of religious organizations in Ukraine
Authors: Chornopyska V. , Sheptytska M.
Published: October 2023

The article characterizes the peculiarities of the legal provision of the principle of equality of religious organizations in Ukraine, new trends and directions in its implementation are clarified. It was determined that the principle of equality in law involves two main aspects that characterize its content, equal subordination of all laws of Ukraine and fair equality of rights and opportunities (ontological components of equality). Both of these sides of the principle of equality are revealed in legal regulation, the quality of which the state must ensure in order to achieve equality in society. It was found that the principle of legal equality of religious organizations consists in: equality of rights of all religious organizations operating legally in Ukraine; in the equality of legal properties within which religious organizations carry out their activities; in equality before the law and the court. Establishing any advantages or limitations of a religious organization over others is not allowed.

It is concluded that despite the positive achievement of Ukraine in the approval of the European standardization of the legal regulation of socio-religious relations in Ukraine, but along with the positive changes there are also a number of organizational, regulatory, procedural and other issues that inhibit the provision of the principle of equality of religious organizations. However, in the context of the modern religious situation, which is characterized by states of contact, collision and conflict, the need to codify the legislation of Ukraine in the field of religion is of particular importance.
Legal regulation of virtual assets in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC
Authors: Lehenko V.I.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the current legal regulation of virtual assets in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. The author analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the relevant legal framework, as well as the possibility and feasibility of implementing the most successful solutions into Ukrainian legislation.

Due to the lack of in-depth studies that would combine the main regulatory norms and definitions and provide a general overview of this regulatory system, it became necessary to study in detail the current legal system of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, which is characterised by high autonomy from the rest of the PRC, and to identify the institutions that perform the functions of a regulator of virtual assets.

Next, the author provide a legislative definition of virtual assets and their classification. Unlike other jurisdictions, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC focuses on the key features inherent in this particular object of civil rights, and excludes from the definition other objects that have similar features but are already regulated separately.

The common law system makes it possible to regulate certain aspects of the circulation of virtual assets through precedents, which helps to quickly adapt to changes in this market, where new concepts and civil law relations emerge every few years. For example, it was through precedent that it was determined that cryptocurrencies are property and can therefore be the subject of a trust.

Currently, not all objects created on the basis of blockchain technology are subject to regulation, such as non-fungible tokens or central bank digital currencies, as the possibility of their circulation is still being investigated by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority.

The article also examines the new nuances of licensing service providers related to the circulation of virtual assets, which require dual licensing under two regimes regulated by separate legal acts.

The author concludes that Hong Kong has managed to regulate the circulation of virtual assets in one way or another, but has not managed to create a clear system for all market participants, so it is possible to introduce some solutions into Ukrainian legislation, but in general, this legal regulation system has many disadvantages and sometimes creates legal uncertainty.
Digital transformation in the judicial system of Ukraine
Authors: Ryzhenko N.
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic, the full-scale invasion of the russian federation on the territory of Ukraine caused significant obstacles in the work of the judicial system of Ukraine, including the holding of court hearings in court premises. The issue of digital transformation in the aspect of conducting court hearings online is poorly researched from a scientific point of view. Digital transformation creates new and unique opportunities for all spheres of society. With the help of digital tools, we can actually abandon paper-based document management, conduct business negotiations and meetings online, even on different continents. The judicial system of Ukraine did not miss these changes. Thus, since the end of 2017, courts have been using the Unified Judicial Information and Telecommunication System, which allows submitting procedural documents and holding court hearings remotely. In the work, we will consider in more detail the procedure for conducting court hearings in video conference mode outside the court premises. The participants in the case have the right to participate in the court session in the mode of video conference outside the premises of the court, provided that the court has the appropriate technical possibility, which the court notes in the decision to open the proceedings in the case, except for cases when the appearance of this participant in the court session is recognized by the court mandatory The participants in the case take part in the court session in videoconference mode outside the court premises using their own technical means and electronic signature in accordance with the requirements of the Regulation on the Unified Judicial Information and Communication System and/or the provisions determining the order of functioning of its separate subsystems (modules). Digital transformation helps to save time and money, since the participants in the process do not have to spend time and money on coming to the court, to some extent helps to ensure environmental safety, since the reduction in the use of transport leads to less emissions of fuel products into the air, allows the participants in the process, especially, lawyers to more productively use and plan their work schedule, for the reasons that, without spending time traveling, but attending court sessions online, in their own office or other premises, the lawyer does not waste time on the road and, accordingly, can participate in more court hearings.
Formation and development of the Bosporus kingdom: separate historical and legal aspects
Authors: Hutiv B.I.
Published: October 2023

The article talks about the Bosporus kingdom as one of the states that managed to avoid annexation by Rome and preserved its autonomy for several centuries. This state was located in the Eastern Crimea and in the western part of the Taman Peninsula. Its capital was Panticapei (modern Kerch), which in ancient times was surrounded by nomadic (mainly Scythian and Sarmatian) peoples.

It has been established that the Archeanactid dynasty ruled here at first, and from 438 to 109 B.C. - Spartokids dynasty. It was during the reign of Satyr I, Leukon I, Perisades I, Eumela I in the 4th century B.C. the Bosporus kingdom with its center in Panticapei reached its greatest power, an authoritarian system of government developed, and therefore, Bosporus came to be considered a kingdom with a monarchical form of government.

The author analyzed the legal system of the Bosporus kingdom. It was found that the main sources of law were: the legislative activity of the kings of Bosporus, the rights of the Greek city-polises that were part of the Bosporus kingdom, and the customs of local tribes. Norms of civil law protected the interests of slave owners. Two main forms of ownership were defined: state and private. Land, slaves, cattle and movable property were owned. The main types of contracts were: purchase and sale, mine, loan and donation.

The author also characterized the complex nature of marital and family relations. Agreements on the future marriage were usually concluded by the decision of the parents. A legal marriage resulted from an eggiesia, a formal private agreement between the head of the bride’s family, on the one hand, and the groom or his father, on the other.

In the field of criminal law, the author established that the main types of crimes were: crimes against the state, against the community, and against a specific private person. However, the most serious crimes were often called adikia - a sin before the gods. The damage could be physical, moral or material.
The principles of justice and reasonable period in commercial procedure: the impact of the provisions of the European convention on human rights and the decisions of the European court of human rights on their implementation
Authors: Vasylenko M.E.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the principles of judicial procedure enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights, their impact on the implementation of commercial procedure in Ukraine, in particular, the standards of fair justice. The purpose of the article is to generalize and systematize approaches that exist in legal doctrine and law enforcement practice regarding the subject of research. The study of the principles of judicial procedure enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights, the directions of their impact on the implementation of economic justice in Ukraine, including the standards of fair justice, is necessary and relevant for the further reform of economic procedural legislation.

The article examines in detail the issue of the implementation of the principles of justice and reasonable terms of justice in economic litigation based on already existing scientific developments and current legislation. The methods used in the research allowed the author to come to the following conclusions. Legal mechanisms that ensure the implementation and protection of the evolutionary ideas of the fairness of justice are of crucial importance for the understanding by the participants of court proceedings of the very content of the economic process, the observance by the court and other participants of economic proceedings of the rights and freedoms established by law, the decision-making algorithm, which must meet the criteria of transparency and honesty and expediency, as well as understanding the controllability of the specified processes. As for the principle of a reasonable period, based on the positions of the researchers, it was determined that a reasonable period is considered as an objective (i.e. impartial, free from biased and subjective attitude) period necessary for the performance of all necessary procedural actions in economic litigation. A reasonable term is a period of time when court proceedings are objective in nature without significantly exceeding the framework established by law. The results of the research show that the practical judicial guidelines on the application of the principles of the European Convention on Human Rights and its fundamental freedoms, which are contained in the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, contribute to the consistency of the approach of various national legal systems to the application of justice standards, including in commercial litigation.
Development of the agricultural sector of the economy under martial law
Authors: Khalizov D.V.
Published: October 2023

The agrarian sector of the economy of Ukraine has firmly established itself as a flagship in ensuring a positive foreign economic balance of our country, it needs constant development of the agricultural sector, the most reliable factor of which is the creation of an appropriate innovative foundation, a fairly objective reflection of which is the state of its consolidation in the current legislation, which must definitely be fa­cilitated by the state scientific development of this topic.

Innovations are one of the most effective factors in the development of agribusiness, because, as global and domestic practice proves, their introduction affects the modern process of agricultural production, management of agricultural entrepreneurship and, in general, the implementation of agrarian entrepreneur­ship, bringing it to a qualitatively new level. Agricultural business has long been a driver of not only the economy in general, but also exports in Ukraine. It is thanks to farmers that numerous Ukrainian IT and technological companies have a large client market and a testing ground for their ideas.

The dynamics of the development of the world economy in the conditions of globalization attests to the decisive role of the implementation of effective mechanisms of innovation policy in ensuring the compet­itiveness of the agricultural sector.

The agriculture of Ukraine is a powerful, export-oriented branch of the national economy, which proved its viability both during hostilities on the territory of our state and during the COVID-19 pan­demic. However, its further efficient and sustainable functioning is definitely connected with innovative development, with the introduction of innovations in all branches of agricultural production and at all its stages.

As a result of military operations on the territory of Ukraine, the sowing campaign of 2022 has become the most difficult since the beginning of Ukraine’s independence.
Current issues of legal regulation of the teaching activity of the head of a higher education institution in Ukraine under the conditions of concurrent employment
Authors: Huk B.M.
Published: October 2023

The article examines certain aspects of the realization of the right of the head of a higher education institution of Ukraine to carry out teaching activities under the conditions of concurrent employment. The relevance of the raised issue is substantiated by legislative changes to the mechanism of legal regulation of labour relations under conditions of concurrent employment. The legal possibilities of the head of a higher education institution of the III-IV level of accreditation to simultaneously occupy another position of a scientific and pedagogical employee on an internal co-employment basis are analysed. Attention is drawn to the latest legislative requirements regarding the peculiarities of concluding an employment contract under the conditions of concurrent employment. Doctrinal approaches, materials of court practice, explanations of authorized state bodies regarding the right of the head of an educational institution to teaching activities during working hours are considered. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of the legal status of the head of a higher education institution, scientific approaches to the content of the definitions «scientific and pedagogical employee», «scientific and pedagogical activity», «conflict of interests», etc. are analysed.

Formed own views on the content of certain provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On the Prevention of Corruption”, clarification of the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption regarding the existence of a conflict of interests for the head of a higher education institution in cases where he occupies the position of professor of the department. Attention is drawn to the threat of signs of indirect discrimination of the head of a higher education institution in the case of limiting his right to part-time teaching, loss of potential opportunities for further scientific growth, and improvement of his qualifications as a teacher and scientist.

The conclusion is substantiated that the head of a higher education institution not only has the right, but is also obliged to engage in teaching and research activities, even during working hours, and necessarily in the educational institution he heads. It is emphasized that depriving the head of a higher education institution of the right to teaching or scientific activity under conditions of concurrent employment will negatively affect the implementation of the main task of the higher education institution - conducting educational and scientific activities at a high level.
The system of law and the legal system of Ukraine in the era of globalism (integration)
Authors: Dudnyk R.M.
Published: October 2023

In the changing conditions of the modern world, marked by the rapid development of technologies, economic globalization, and growing international cooperation, legal systems and legal systems of national states are becoming the object of significant transformations. The dynamic nature of these processes creates complex challenges and opportunities that require serious scientific understanding and analysis. One of the key aspects of this transformation is the interaction of the legal systems of nation-states with global challenges and integration processes.

Ukraine, as a sovereign state, does not remain aloof from these processes. In the context of active participation in the European and world community, the country is forced to adapt its legal system to international standards, as well as effectively interact with other legal systems. At the same time, the preservation of national identity and unique legal traditions requires a careful balance between external influences and internal needs of society.

The current stage of Ukraine‘s development is characterized by intensive processes of European integration, which cover various aspects of society, including the legal sphere. Accession to various European agreements, creation of joint economic spaces, and mutual adaptation of normative acts create new challenges for the legal system of Ukraine. At the same time, these integration efforts have the potential to contribute to the modernization and improvement of the efficiency of the national legal system.

Therefore, in the context of globalism and integration processes, the legal system and the legal system of Ukraine become the subject of deep research. Understanding the impact of global trends on the national legal system, as well as the possibility of harmonization and adaptation to international standards, requires a systematic approach and scientific expertise. In this context, the study of the interaction between the legal system of Ukraine and global integration processes becomes particularly relevant, contributing to the disclosure of opportunities and challenges of this complex institutional relationship.
MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SISWA SD NEGERI 101942 BENGKEL MELALUI GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH
Authors: Lestari Dian Ika , Alfira Alfira , Lutfitasari Devi , Nasution Haryati Ahda
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk membentuk karakter siswa di SDN 101942 Desa Bengkel Kecamatan Perbaungan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai, 6 pembentukan karakter siswa yaitu religius, disiplin, kejujuran, tanggung jawab, sopan santun, menghormati dan menghargai dalam satu nilai karakter wajib, melalui gerakan lierasi sekolah yang memiliki tiga tahapan yaitu tahap pembiasaan, tahap pengembangan dan tahap pembelajaran. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriftif, dengan melakukan observasi dan dokumentasi. Kesimpulan di penelitian ini yaitu adapun hubungan gerakan literasi sekolah dengan membangun karakter siswa yaitu setiap siswa dapat memiliki pemahaman dan kemampuan berpikir rasional melalui sumber – sumber atau bacaan yang telah dibaca sehingga proses belajar mengajar akan lebih berfokus, menyenangkan, kondusif, dan kreatif.
Study of the Effectiveness of Poverty Reduction Programs; an Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach
Authors: Anwar Andi Faisal , Sari Rini Indah
Published: October 2023

The budget allocation for poverty alleviation is getting bigger from time to time. However, the poverty rate did not change significantly. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of poverty programs that have been initiated by the government, through programs (KUBE, PANSIMAS, BUNDES, PNPM, and P2KP), which are believed to improve poverty alleviation efforts in Manyampa Village, Ujung Loe District, Bulukumba Regency. The research method used in this research is quantitative research, with the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis method. Data collection techniques were obtained from questionnaires or primary data sources, while secondary data were obtained from reports from BPS South Sulawesi, BPS Bulukumba, District Offices and related agencies in Bulukumba Regency. The novelty of this study is to explore further and evaluate what programs are quite effective in reducing poverty rates, with the help of expert choice with a consistency test. The results of this study indicate that in poverty alleviation efforts, the P2KP program is the most effective in reducing poverty with small business empowerment-based programs, while from community empowerment-based programs, the PANSIMAS program is more consistent than other programs in poverty alleviation efforts. P2KP and the PANSIMAS program each got a score of 0.02<0.1. It can be interpreted that the Inconsistency ratio <0.1 (the maximum limit) is also tested to be consistent, it's just that the achievement is lower than other programs. The implication of this research is that the local government needs to further evaluate ineffective poverty alleviation programs so that budget misallocations do not occur and are able to accelerate effective poverty alleviation programs that have been running. Keywords: Poverty, Program, Efectiveness