bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Permanent ectoplasmic structures in deep-sea Cibicides and Cibicidoides taxa – long-term observations at in situ pressure
Authors: Wollenburg Jutta E. , Bijma Jelle , Cremer Charlotte , Bickmeyer Ulf , Zittier Zora Mila Colomba
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Deep-sea Cibicidoides pachyderma (forma mundulus) and related Cibicidoides spp. were cultured at in situ
pressure for 1–2 d, or 6 weeks to 3 months. During that period,
fluorescence analyses following BCECF-AM
(2′,7′-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester)
or calcein (bis[N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)aminomethyl]-fluorescein) labelling
revealed a persisting cytoplasmic sheet or envelope surrounding the
Cibicidoides tests. Thus, the Cibicidoides shell can be considered as an internal rather than an external cell structure. A couple of days to a week after being transferred
into high-pressure aquaria and adjusted to a pressure of 115 bar, the
foraminifera changed from a mobile to a more or less sessile living mode.
During this quasi-sessile way of life, a series of comparably thick static
ectoplasmic structures developed that were not resorbed or remodelled but,
except for occasional further growth, remained unchanged throughout the
experiments. Three different types of these permanent structures were
observed. (a) Ectoplasmic “roots” were common in adult C. pachyderma, C. lobatulus, and C. wuellerstorfi specimens. In
our experiments single ectoplasmic roots grew to a maximum of 700 times the
individuals' shell diameter and were presumably used to anchor the specimen
in an environment with strong currents. (b) Ectoplasmic “trees” describe
rigid ectoplasmic structures directed into the aquarium's water body and
were used by the foraminifera to climb up and down these ectoplasmic
structures. Ectoplasmic trees have so far only been observed in C. pachyderma and enabled
the tree-forming foraminifera to elevate itself above ground. (c) Ectoplasmic “twigs” were used to guide and hold the more delicate
pseudopodial network when distributed into prevailing currents and were, in
our experiments, also only developed in C. pachyderma specimens. Relocation of a specimen
usually required it to tear apart and leave behind the rigid ectoplasmic
structures and eventually also the envelope surrounding the test. Apparently,
these rigid structures could not be resorbed or reused.
ESM-Tools version 5.0: a modular infrastructure for stand-alone and coupled Earth system modelling (ESM)
Authors: Barbi Dirk , Wieters Nadine , Gierz Paul , Andrés-Martínez Miguel , Ural Deniz , Chegini Fatemeh , Khosravi Sara , Cristini Luisa
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Earth system and climate modelling involves the simulation of processes on a wide range of scales and within and across various compartments of the
Earth system. In practice, component models are often developed independently by different research groups, adapted by others to their special
interests and then combined using a dedicated coupling software. This procedure not only leads to a strongly growing number of available versions
of model components and coupled setups but also to model- and high-performance computing (HPC)-system-dependent ways of obtaining, configuring, building and operating
them. Therefore, implementing these Earth system models (ESMs) can be challenging and extremely time consuming, especially for less experienced
modellers or scientists aiming to use different ESMs as in the case of intercomparison projects. To assist researchers and modellers by reducing avoidable complexity, we developed the ESM-Tools software, which provides a standard way for
downloading, configuring, compiling, running and monitoring different models on a variety of HPC systems. It should be
noted that ESM-Tools is not a coupling software itself but a workflow and infrastructure management tool to provide access to increase usability of
already existing components and coupled setups. As coupled ESMs are technically the more challenging tasks, we will focus on coupled setups, always
implying that stand-alone models can benefit in the same way. With ESM-Tools, the user is only required to provide a short script consisting of only the experiment-specific definitions, while the software
executes all the phases of a simulation in the correct order. The software, which is well documented and easy to install and use, currently supports
four ocean models, three atmosphere models, two biogeochemistry models, an ice sheet model, an isostatic adjustment model, a hydrology model and a
land-surface model. Compared to previous versions, ESM-Tools has lately been entirely recoded in a high-level programming language (Python) and
provides researchers with an even more user-friendly interface for Earth system modelling. ESM-Tools was developed within the framework of the
Advanced Earth System Model Capacity project, supported by the Helmholtz Association.
RESEARCH ON EVALUATION METHOD OF REAL ESTATE REGISTRATION DATA QUALITY
Authors: Chen C. X. , Zhang H. , Jiang K. , Zhao H. T. , Xie W. , He C. , Yin S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In recent years, China has promulgated the "Civil Code of the People's Republic of China", "Implementation Rules of the Provisional Regulations on Real Estate Registration" and other laws and regulations, which have protected citizens' rights and obligations in real estate from the legal system. It shows that the quality of real estate registration data is very important. At present, there is no set of standards for evaluating the quality of real estate registration data. This article sorts out the production process of real estate registration data and focuses on the four stages of production: digitization results, field surveys and surveying and mapping results, group building results, integration and association. As a result, the main points of real estate registration data quality control were put forward, and a quality evaluation model was developed. Taking Beijing's real estate registration historical archives integrated data quality inspection as an application case, it shows that the quality evaluation model has been successfully applied to actual projects, ensuring the quality of Beijing real estate registration data. It also provides a reference for the next step in China's quality control of the unified registration of natural resources confirmation.
QUALITY INSPECTION AND COMMON ISSUES ANALYSIS OF 10 METER RESOLUTION GLOBAL LAND COVER DATA
Authors: Xie W. J. , Chen H. P. , Lv L. B. , Chen Y. H. , Li M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In order to better carry out the environmental monitoring and resource protection, the 10 meter resolution global land cover data (hereinafter referred to as the GLC 10 data) came into being. The production mode of GLC 10 data is to use vector data, topographic map and other related reference data to get land cover based on digital orthophoto. GLC 10 data is a new type of remote sensing data and its classification system and classification index are also set according to the needs of a new project. Therefore, how to verify and control the quality of this kind of data is an urgent issue to be solved. According to the particularity of GLC 10 data and the new requirements of quality inspection technology, this paper puts forward a set of quality inspection contents and methods of GLC 10 data for large-scale production. And through the way of software automatic inspection combined with human-computer interaction, the inspection requirements are summarized one by one. Then, according to the actual quality inspection work from 2018 to 2020, the common quality issues of GLC 10 data are analyzed and sorted out, which can provide technical reference for the inspection and quality control of GLC 10 data.
ANALYSIS ON PROCESS QUALITY CONTROL TECHNOLOGY OF GEOGRAPHICAL NATIONAL CONDITIONS MONITORING
Authors: Yin S. , Zhao H. T. , Chen C. X. , Yao B. Q. , Zhou J.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The process quality inspection of geographic national conditions monitoring is an important means of quality control, and it is essential to improve the effectiveness of its role. Starting from the influencing factors and inspection methods of process quality control, the key points are designed and the content of process quality control is proposed. Based on this, combined with the practical application in the 2016–2020 geographic national conditions monitoring project, the problems existing in the geographic national conditions monitoring process are summarized and analysed.
LARGE-SCALE SUBSIDENCE GEOHAZARD MONITORING WITH SENTINEL-1 SAR INTERFEROMETRY IN CENTRAL LISHUI (CHINA)
Authors: Qu T. , Su Z. , Yang H. , Shi X. , Shao W.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Ground subsidence has become a serious problem along with the rapid urban expansions. Compared with traditional point-based ground survey techniques (GPS, levelling measurement and in-situ sensors), SAR Interferometry are quite appreciated for large-scale subsidence monitoring with long term and high accuracy. In this study, we focused on large-scale subsidence geohazard monitoring of central Lishui (China) and extracted subsidence velocity map of Liandu District. 57 Sentinle-1 SAR images from April 2019 to September 2020 are analysed with SBAS-InSAR technique. The overall subsidence of Liandu is significantly correlated with the distributions of construction engineering sites with displacement velocity of approximately 30–60 mm/yr. Various types of urban ground subsidence could be identified, including the overall settlement of large construction site, the slope deformation of construction excavation, significant settlement of refuse landfill and mountain crossing tunnel, and small deformation of highvoltage towers in mountainous areas. Our results indicated that the rapid urban developments are the dominant impact factors of subsidence in Lishui, China.
ANALYSIS THE INFLUENCE OF MODULATED AMPLITUDE ON COMMON MODE ERROR BASED ON GPS DATA
Authors: Wang F. , Zhang P. , Sun Z. , Zhang Q. , Liu J.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Time series analysis uses constant amplitude models to estimate seasonal changes, while the actual seasonal changes of station coordinates have varying degrees of modulation. The difference between the real modulation amplitude and the estimated constant amplitude enters the residual sequence. We analysed the contribution of the modulation amplitude to the regional CME characteristics based on the 410 GPS stations which located in China. The PCA method is used to carry out regional common-mode error analysis on the obtained residuals time series which is after deduction of deformation signals such as tectonic movements. The spectral analysis shows that the CME considering the amplitude modulation significantly weakens the characteristics of the annual cycle. The annual spectral peaks of the north components are reduced by 50%, the east components with a reduction of 80% and a reduction of 60% in the elevation component. The results of noise analysis show that the FN in CME that considers amplitude modulation is significantly lower than that of constant amplitude. This indicate that in time series analysis, the ‘signal’ that has not been estimated due to the oversimplification of the parameters is filtered in the area time will be evolved into CME, which means that CME not only contains errors, but also ‘signals’, that is, ‘signals’ that are not correctly modelled will affect the regional filtering effect.
ABNORMAL CROWDSOURCED DATA DETECTION USING REMOTE SENSING IMAGE FEATURES
Authors: Yu G. , Zhou X. , Hou D. , Wei D.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Quality is the key issue for judging the usability of crowdsourcing geographic data. While due to the un-professional of volunteers and the phenomenon of malicious labeling, there are many abnormal or poor quality objects in crowdsourced data. Based on this observation, an abnormal crowdsourced data detection method is proposed in this paper based on image features. This approach includes three main steps. 1) the crowdsourced vector data is used to segment the corresponding remote sensing imagery to get image objects with a priori information (e.g., shape and category) from vector data and spectral information from the images. Then, the sampling method is designed considering the spatial distribution and topographic properties of the objects, and the initial samples are obtained, although some samples are abnormal object or poor quality. 2) A feature contribution index (FCI) is defined based on information gain to select the optimal features, a feature space outlier index (FSOI) is presented to automatically identify outlier samples and changed objects. The initial samples are refined by an iteration procedure. After the iteration, the optimal features can be determined, and the refined samples with categories can be obtained; the imagery feature space is established using the optimal features for each category. 3) The abnormal objects are identified with the refined samples by calculating the FSOI values of image objects. In order to valid the effectiveness, an abnormal crowdsourced data detection prototype is developed using Visual Studio 2013 and C# programming, the above algorithms and methods are implemented and verified using water and vegetation categories as example, the OSM (OpenStreetMap) and corresponding imagery data of Changsha city as experiment data. The angular second moment (ASM), contrast, inverse difference moment (IDM), mean, variance, difference entropy, and normalized difference green index (NDGI) of vegetation, and the IDM, difference entropy and correlation and maximum band value of water are used to detect abnormal data after the selection of image optimal feature. Experimental results show that abnormal water and vegetation data in OSM can be effectively detected in this method, and the missed detection rate of the vegetation and water are all near to zero, and the positive detection rate reach 90.4% and 83.8%, respectively.
GEOSPATIAL ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN-WILDLIFE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR SPATIAL DECISION SUPPORT
Authors: Madden M. , Karidozo M. , Langbauer W. , Osborn F. , Presotto A. , Parry R.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC) is a global concern that requires geospatial data collection, analysis and geovisualization for decision support and mitigation. Bull African elephants, (Loxodonata africana), are often responsible for breaking fences, raiding crops and causing economic hardship in local communities in Botswana, Zimbabwe and Zambia. Methods for monitoring and understanding elephant movements are needed to mitigate conflict, find ways for coexistence and secure the future of Africa’s elephant populations. Researchers from academia and conservation organizations are partnering with decision makers and scientists of the Zimbabwe Department of National Park and Wild Life Management (PWMA) to track the movement of 15 bull elephants in the general area of Victoria Falls to analyse spatio-temporal patterns of elephant behaviour related to climatic factors, habitat conditions and changing land uses. Spatial decision support for local famers, resource managers and planners will assist in avoiding agricultural expansion and urban development that coincides with elephant corridors and access to water resources.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS ON THE TRAFFIC FLOW BASED ON MASSIVE FLOATING CAR DATA
Authors: Golze J. , Feuerhake U. , Koetsier C. , Sester M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The wide usage of GPS-equipped devices enables the mass recording of vehicle movement trajectories describing the movement behavior of the traffic participants. An important aspect of the road traffic is the impact of anomalies, like accidents, on traffic flow. Accidents are especially important as they contribute to the the aspects of safety and also influence travel time estimations. In this paper, the impact of accidents is determined based on a massive GPS trajectory and accident dataset. Due to the missing precise date of the accidents in the data set used, first, the date of the accident is estimated based on the speed profile at the accident time. Further, the temporal impact of the accident is estimated using the speed profile of the whole day. The approach is applied in an experiment on a one month subset of the datasets. The results show that more than 72% of the accident dates are identified and the impact on the temporal dimension is approximated. Moreover, it can be seen that accidents during the rush hours and on high frequency road types (e.g. motorways, trunks or primaries) have an increasing effect on the impact duration on the traffic flow.
Assessing local impacts of the 1700 CE Cascadia earthquake and tsunami using tree-ring growth histories: a case study in South Beach, Oregon, USA
Authors: Dziak Robert P. , Black Bryan A. , Wei Yong , Merle Susan G.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. We present an investigation of the disturbance history of an old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stand in South Beach, Oregon, for possible growth changes due to tsunami inundation caused by the 1700 CE Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake. A high-resolution model of the 1700 tsunami run-up heights at South Beach, assuming an “L”-sized earthquake, is also presented to better estimate the inundation levels several kilometers inland at the old-growth site. This tsunami model indicates the South Beach fir stand would have been subjected to local inundation depths from 0 to 10 m. Growth chronologies collected from the Douglas-fir stand shows that trees experienced a significant growth reductions in the year 1700 relative to nearby Douglas-fir stands, consistent with the tsunami inundation estimates. The ±1–3-year timing of the South Beach disturbances are also consistent with disturbances previously observed at a Washington state coastal forest ∼220 km to the north. Moreover, the 1700 South Beach growth reductions were not the largest over the >321-year tree chronology at this location, with other
disturbances likely caused by climate drivers (e.g., drought or windstorms). Our study represents a first step in using tree growth history to ground truth tsunami inundation models by providing site-specific physical evidence.
Why Race and Ethnicity Are Not Like Other Risk Factors
Authors: Valles Sean A.
Published: June 2021

Since early in the Covid-19 pandemic, there have been wide disparities observed between different US racial groups’ rates of Covid-19 infections and deaths. This challenges physicians and patients to untangle what these race-associated risks mean for an individual patient. I argue that this task of providing individualized risk advice requires physicians to apply two skills: structural competency (an understanding of how societal features affect health, since race-associated risks are the result of social conditions, not innate biological differences) and epistemic humility (being mindful of the limitations of individual knowledge and a habit of working collaboratively to get the knowledge that is needed).
Uso de metformina para prevención primaria de diabetes mellitus en pacientes de bajo riesgo
Authors: Iñurrategui Maria Celia , Villalon Gabriel Esteban
Published: June 2021

Los autores de este artículo abordan la evidencia disponible sobre la prevención de diabetes tipo 2 mediante la indicación de metformina en pacientes sin alteraciones de la glucemia, a partir de una consulta de la práctica ambulatoria.
Tratamiento conservador de la artrosis de cadera
Authors: Iñurrategui Maria Celia
Published: June 2021

Ante un escenario clínico de coxalgia por artrosis de cadera se planteó la necesidad de conocer los tratamientos conservadores más seguros y efectivos para el manejo del dolor. El tratamiento de la artrosis requiere un enfoque integral e individualizado en función de las preferencias del paciente para lograr el máximo beneficio clínico. Existen numerosas estrategias útiles para el manejo del dolor en pacientes con artrosis de cadera siendo fuertemente recomendados de inicio la actividad física, los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) orales y en ciertos casos los corticoides intraarticulares, tramadol o duloxetina, siempre asociado con la actividad física. Los ejercicios más recomendados son los aeróbicos y el Tai Chi o yoga.
The author as originator, adaptor or thief: Moral rights, copyright, plagiarism and self-plagiarism
Authors: Kroll Jeri
Published: June 2021

When authors publish under their own names they make a social contract with readers, declaring that the work is original. That work possesses economic and cultural value in the marketplace (Foucault 1977; Bourdieu 1996; Sawyer 2006; Sennett 2008). Various ways exist for authors to claim ownership, but this does not preclude others from violating their moral or legal rights. As creators and consumers, they cannot but be aware of a continuum inhering in the literary process that begins with unattainable originality and ends with intentional theft. Along this continuum exist varying degrees of unconscious and conscious borrowing of another’s words or ideas. The terms original, plagiarised and self-plagiarised can be descriptive and emotive. Impacting upon them are terms such as moral rights and copyright. Definitions of plagiarism, in particular, reflect who chooses to define it and why. This article defines key terms for authors – moral rights, copyright, plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and double-dipping – in order to clarify the dangers of intellectual and creative theft. It also offers a variety of examples. The manner in which writers integrate literary and critical influences has become more challenging in the twenty-first century where so much of the past and the present exist online. Creative writing teachers and students must learn to negotiate this mercurial educational and cultural environment.
Writing into the dark
Authors: Ritchie Brendan
Published: June 2021

The contrasting practices of planning or ‘pantsing’ are regular topics of discussion within fiction writing circles. In a field where each writer’s practice can differ so greatly, these approaches to writing offer a rare opportunity for categorisation and insight. Australian novelist Valerie Parv states that ‘pantsers’ are known as such ‘from flying by the seat of their pants, because they like to discover the story as they write. Their opposite, plotters, prefer to work out every twist and character development before starting’ (Parv 2014). I knew little of these choices when I began writing my debut novel Carousel (2015). The decision to ‘pants’, for me, was subconscious, driven by anxiety, naivety and an obsession with daily word counts. What I discovered, both during the writing of Carousel, and the subsequent research for my PhD, was a process steeped in popularity, complexity and risk. This paper considers the definition, methodology and application of ‘pantsing’, and the reverberations of this practice within both Carousel and sequel Beyond Carousel (2016). ‘Pantsing’ not only emerges as a viable writing strategy, but a practice eliciting valuable creative outcomes.
Determination of Shear Strength Parameters by Multistage Triaxial Tests in the Long-Term Analysis of Slopes
Authors: KAYATÜRK Dua , BOL Ertan , SERT Sedat , ÖZOCAK Aşkın
Published: June 2021

Accurate determination of soil parameters is of great importance in the analysis of landslides, which is a common type of natural disaster. In the solution of landslide problems, the direct shear box test is generally preferred as a laboratory test type for the determination of the shear strength parameters of soils. However, the need for drained parameters in long-term problems reveals a disadvantageous aspect of this experiment, especially in clayey soils, because pore water pressures cannot be measured in the direct shear box test, which is widely used in the laboratory to determine the shear strength of the soils.Multistage triaxial compression tests used to obtain shear strength parameters in the laboratory are advantageous compared to conventional triaxial compression tests because of the time and financial concerns, as well as the avoidance of differences between the samples to be tested. In this study, a new method was tried in addition to the methods used to obtain shear strength parameters with consolidated-drained multistage tests in normally consolidated clayey soils and the results were promising. Thus, since it increases the usability of multistage tests, it will be helpful in terms of preventing possible disasters by enabling analysis in many more sites.
Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis and Risk Factors in School Children
Authors: Ayanoğlu Müge , Can Demet , Nacaroğlu Hikmet Tekin , Günay Ilker , Kamalı Hacer , Karkiner Canan , Özdemir Ahmet , Doğan Döne , Bahçeci Erdem Semiha
Published: June 2021

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and the risk factors of allergic rhinitis in a particular area.
Methods: The main study group consisted of all school children in Kemalpasa district aged 13-14 years. Children with current rhinitis based on responses given in ISAAC questionnaire survey were further evaluated for confirmation. Parents responded to a more detailed questionnaire about allergic diseases and risk factors. Then peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) was evaluated to objectively assess nasal patency. Skin-prick test was performed for ten common allergens.
Results: The questionnaire was answered by 90.8% (1373) of children. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed AR was 11.1%. Current rhinitis was found to be 31.3%. Of this group, 55.0% were admitted for the parent questionnaire and tests. Precisely, 90.3% of children accepted PNIF evaluation, and %10.1 of them had a nasal obstruction. Skin-prick tests revealed allergy for at least 1 allergen in 16.6% of children. The present study showed that the children with maternal allergic rhinitis history had 2,18 fold, and the children with seasonal allergic rhinitis had 2,11 fold higher possibility of sensitization to an allergen. The probability of perennial allergic rhinitis was 3,1 fold higher in the children who had siblings with allergic rhinitis.
Conclusion: We included all children in a specific age group living in an area in our survey. As well as we found the prevalence of current rhinitis with the ISAAC questionnaire; we also evaluated peak nasal inspiratory flow and used skin-prick tests that yielded objective results.
Diagnostic Approach in Cystinuria: A Case Report
Authors: Bülbül Selda , Gülbahçe Aliye , Kocagözoğlu Sevim Gonca
Published: June 2021

Cystinuria is an, inherited metabolic disorder progressing with recurrent kidney stones due to impaired reabsorption of dibasic amino acids and arises from mutations in the SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 on chromosome 2.
Cystine crystals were detected in the urinalysis of a 17-year-old male patient who was investigated for recurrent kidney stones. Because of demonstration of cystine excretion in the urinary amino acid analysis and having positive family history, we suspected Cystinuria Type B and initiated supportive therapy. However, based on the results of molecular analyses his diagnosis was changed as Cystinuria Type A.
In conclusion, our final diagnosis was changed according to the molecular analyses but our treatment approach did not change. Therefore we would like to emphasize that, prominent physical examination findings and supportive laboratory test results will be sufficient for the diagnosis of cystinuria.
A Novel and Severe Clinical Picture Related to COVID-19: Multi-Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Haşlak Fatih , Yıldız Mehmet , Şahin Sezgin , Adrovic Yıldız Amra , Barut Kenan , Kasapçopur Özgür
Published: June 2021

Preliminary data have suggested that children have milder COVID-19 disease course compared to adults. However, pediatric cases with severe clinical findings caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are being reported since April 2020. These children have been presented with significant hyperinflammatory states resembling Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome, and macrophage activation syndrome. However, they had several distinct features, as well. Therefore, this novel condition was considered a unique disease and named Multi-inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Thus, new concerns have been raised regarding the vulnerability of the children. However, it has been realized that this condition is extremely rare. Nonetheless, considering that it is a life-threatening disease and may cause devastating consequences, clinicians should be aware of MIS-C while evaluating children with persistent fever and history of COVID-19 contact or active infection.
我国商业银行信用卡资产证券化发展现状及对策
Authors: 黄 洁 , 蔡 季宏 , 赵 紫薇 , 孙 梦莹
Published: June 2021

近年来，各大商业银行之间的业务竞争愈演愈烈，信用卡业务作为传统的商业银行资产业务，也迎来了巨大的挑战。在市场日趋饱和的形势下，推出信用卡资产证券化业务，成为当前各大商业银行创新信用卡业务的新思路。基于此，本文首先介绍商业银行信用卡资产证券化业务的发展背景及现状，并指出其发展中存在的问题，而后给出相应对策。
中国国际收支平衡变化的动态趋势
Authors: 苏 锦俊 , 柯 郁馨
Published: June 2021

国际收支是一国在一定时期，居民与非居民之间全部国际经济交易的系统记录，反映了一国对外经济往来的全部货币价值总和，包括货物、服务和收入、对其他地区的金融债权债务的交易及转移项目。近几年来，中国的国际收支出现了结构性变化，本文从中国1982~2019年国际收支数据入手，区分为管理平衡阶段（1982~2000年）、非平衡扩张阶段（2001~2014年）与再平衡阶段（2015~2019年），并分别从经常帐户、资本与金融帐户、直接投资与储备资产几个方面，分析出现国际收支从平衡到失衡再回到平衡的原因与动态变化，提出中国国际收支失衡的应对措施。
后疫情时代的乡村振兴智慧乡村“云旅游”路径研究
Authors: 谢 仪 , 程 琳 , 黄 思敏 , 罗 霄 , 陈 美霖 , 封 宇宏 , 吴 丹丹
Published: June 2021

2021年是我国“十四五”开官之年，如何进一步促进乡村振兴，巩固扶贫攻坚成果成为了社会关注的焦点。其中乡村旅游作为乡村振兴战略的一个重要环节，关系到农民增收及农村的脱贫攻坚发展。在疫情爆发期间复生的“云旅游”模式是否能够直接推广运用到各级各类乡村景点？乡村景点又能否抓住“云旅游”带来的新机遇成功引流并实现转型？本研究对“乡村旅游”目前发展存在的问题以及“云旅游＋乡村景点”未来发展的可行性，对漳州部分乡村景点进行实地调研，力求探索出一条低成本、高效率的“云旅游+乡村景点”的实现路径，并针对“云旅游”与乡村景点可持续发展的提出相关建议。
论应用开放源代码开发的衍生软件作品的著作权保护-以GPL协议为例
Authors: 方 言清
Published: June 2021

多数开放源代码采用GPL协议，即应用开放源代码开发的衍生软件作品须承认软件作品作者的著作权，同时也要求作者必须允许任何人享有对其作品使用、复制、修改、衍生的自由权利。但是这种限定因为缺乏相关的适用原则和立法依据而不可避免地产生司法上的争执。文章从衍生软件作品的性质为出发点，认为其具有演绎作品和合作作品的双重属性，继而分析了相应的著作权归属及行使的问题，并具体阐述了司法实践中如何界定是否构成侵犯著作权的。
品牌定制直播带货模式下消费者心流体验 对感知利得与购买意愿的影响
Authors: 黄 宇丞 , 杨 潇龙 , 丁 俊杰
Published: June 2021

随着网络通信技术的发展与普及，人们的消费习惯发生转变，线上商铺购买逐渐成为主流消费渠道之一。心流体验对顾客感知利得及购买意愿起到重要的影响作用，而目前学术界对心流体验于购买意愿及感知利得的研究甚少。故本研究以品牌定制直播带货模式为例，探究心流体验对顾客感知利得及购买意愿的影响。本文在研究方法上采用文献综述法、问卷调查法，以观看品牌定制直播带货的用户为研究对象，结合心流体验与顾客感知利得及购买意愿的相关理论为依据，分析品牌定制直播带货环境与发展状况，通过问卷设计与调查的方式收集数据，运用SPSS24.0软件对收集到的数据进行统计分析和模型验证，探讨品牌定制直播带货心流体验的四个维度：专注感、愉悦感、交互性、远程临场感，对顾客感知利得及购买意愿呈显著的正相关影响，并在此基础上提出相关建议。
Організаційно-технічний метод забезпечення готовності реагування на надзвичайні ситуації
Authors: Ivanets Hryhorii , Matukhno Vasyl , Ivanets Mykhailo , Stetsiuk Yevhen , Usachov Dmytro , Bugayov Denis
Published: June 2021

Розроблено організаційно-технічний метод забезпечення готовності реагування на надзвичайні ситуації, який враховує укомплектованість підрозділів озброєнням і технікою, їх технічну досконалість та експлуатаційні характеристики, укомплектованість особовим складом і його професійну підготовленість, матеріально-технічне та ресурсне забезпечення. Розроблено керуючий алгоритм реалізації організаційно-технічного методу, який передбачає виконання наступних процедур: збір та аналіз інформації про укомплектованість підрозділів технікою та особовим складом; оцінка потенційної технічної спроможності підрозділів до дій при надзвичайних ситуаціях; оцінки готовності підрозділів щодо реагування та ліквідації наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій, матеріально-технічного, фінансового та людського забезпечення ліквідації надзвичайних ситуацій; оптимізації територіальних структур цивільного захисту з врахуванням стану техногенно-природних загроз регіонів держави; формування рішення щодо реагування на надзвичайні ситуації та ліквідації їх наслідків, оцінки ефективності та корегування рішень на основі аналізу дій підрозділів реагування. При цьому модель оцінки потенційної технічної спроможності фор-мувань та підрозділів цивільного захисту до виконання завдань за призначенням відрізняється тим, що враховує не тільки укомплектованість підрозділів озброєнням і технікою, а й їх технічну досконалість та експлуатаційні характеристики, що дозволяє оцінювати готовність кожного підрозділу щодо реагування на надзвичайні ситуації. Розроблений комплекс моделей забезпечення готовності реагування на надзвичайні ситуації є основою для обґрунтування та проведення організаційно-технічних заходів, спрямованих на адекватне реагування та ліквідацію наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій як в масштабах держави, так і її регіонів
Аналіз якості застосування просочувального вогнезахисного засобу дса для деревини дубу
Authors: Chernukha Anton , Kovalov Pavlo , Bezuglov Oleg
Published: June 2021

Проведено експериментальні дослідження вогнезахисної ефективності засобу ДСА для деревини дубу. Отримано залежність вогнезахисної ефективності від маси сухого засобу, що нанесено, що важливо при обробці засобом ДСА деревини дубу. Досліджений вплив особливостей деревини різних порід на ефективність вогнезахисних просочувальних засобів на прикладі дубу та засобу ДСА. Встановлено, що стандартний метод досліджень вогнезахисної ефективності з використанням виключно сосни не може надати справедливі дані, щодо ефективності засобу до інших порід деревини. Так, згідно інструкції засобу, що випробуваний, необхідно 3 нанесення, але для дубу для досягнення І-ої групи вогнезахисної ефективності знадобилось 7 нанесення. Після виконання дослідження вогнезахисної ефективності ДСА передбачене в нормах на прикладі обробки деревини дубу, можна проаналізувати вогнезахист інших порід деревини. Під час попередніх досліджень вже отримані вогнезахисні характеристики основних вогнезахисних засобів для деяких порід деревини. Породи деревини з великою питомою масою мають погану просочуваність в наслідок чого необхідна більша кількість обробок для досягнення І-ої групи вогнезахисної ефективності за ГОСТ 16363. Отримана залежність втрати маси обробленого зразка деревини від кількості вогнезахисного складу при стандартних випробуваннях надає можливість інженерного, економічного та інших розрахунків при виконанні робіт щодо вогнезахисту. Перевірено стандартний метод досліджень вогнезахисної ефективності з використанням виключно сосни. Визначено, що стандартні методи випробувань не можуть бути об'єктивними при обробці інших порід крім сосни. Особливо корисною для дослідження є залежність втрати маси обробленого зразка деревини від кількості вогнезахисного складу при стандартних випробуваннях, вплив особливостей деревини різних порід на ефективність вогнезахисних просочувальних засобів на прикладі дубу та засобу ДСА. Дуб має більшу питому вагу ніж сосна, тому внести достатню кількість діючої речовини більш складна задача
Вплив конструкції шини на безпеку руху аварійно-рятувального автомобіля
Authors: Kokhanenko Volodumur , Kachur Taras , Ragimov Serhii
Published: June 2021

Сучасні аварійно-рятувальні автомобілі комплектуються шинами радіальної конструкції з металокордом в брекері. Однак таким шинам притаманні передчасні і непередбачувані виходи з експлуатації. Виходять з експлуатації 50-70% шин, що не дозволяє реалізувати ресурс шини по зношенню протектора. З метою реалізації ресурсу протектора до повного зношення та підвищення надійності експлуатації шин аварійно-рятувальних автомобілів необхідно визначити причини передчасного виходу шин з експлуатації. Вирішення цього питання привело до вивчення розподілу температури в елементах пневматичної шини, а також визначення впливу конструкції шини на працездатність і надійність аварійно-рятувального автомобіля. При дослідженні причин виходу шин з експлуатації встановлено, що наявність екрану погіршує тепловідвід з каркаса і з усіх шарів шини, чим підвищує їх термонапружений стан. Найбільш термонапруженим є другий шар брекера. Визначено, що наявність рисунка на протекторі покращує умови відводу тепла від шини, в середньому на 30%, перш за все, за рахунок збільшення площі поверхні тепловіддачі. Ці дослідження підтверджують необхідність застосування універсальної форми рисунка протектора для шин аварійно-рятувальних автомобілів. В результаті досліджень встановлено, що навіть при дотриманні правил експлуатації і норм технічного обслуговування можливо підвищити надійність і безпеку руху аварійно-рятувальних автомобілів. На підставі досліджень для збільшення працездатного стану шин пропонується комплектувати аварійно-рятувальні автомобілі шинами спеціальної конструкції. Обґрунтовані пропозиції по конструкції шин аварійно-рятувальних автомобілів. Отримані дані збільшать надійність та безпеку руху аварійно-рятувальних автомобілів при слідуванні до місця виклику
Effect of Distribution Channels, Service Quality and Product Quality on Purchase Decisions at PT Sumatra Sukses Jaya (FDR Tire Distributor)
Authors: . Stewen , Fitriano Andre , Antono Winer
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to test and analyze distribution channels, service quality, product quality on purchase decisions at PT Sumatra Sukses Jaya. The phenomenon of a decrease in purchasing decisions, delays in distribution to customers, service quality that still gets complaints from customers and the existence of product returns from product quality that occur are the background of this research. The sampling technique in this study used simple random sampling using the slovin formula in determining the sample. The number of samples in this study was 115 people. In partial data testing, the variables of distribution channels, service quality, product quality show a positive and significant effect on each variable on purchase decisions at PT Sumatra Sukses Jaya. In testing the data analysis simultaneously, the variables of distribution channels, service quality, product quality showed a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions at PT Sumatra Sukses Jaya.

Keywords: Distribution Channels, Service Quality, Product Quality, Purchase Decisions.
“Mucormycosis” The Emerging Global Threat – A Complete Review
Authors: Shabaraya A R , K Nypunya
Published: June 2021

Mucormycosis is a life-threatening invasive fungal infection that affects people who are immunocompromised (haematological malignancies, solid organ transplantation, diabetes mellitus). Pulmonary, rhinocerebral, cutaneous, and disseminated infections are the most common. Controlling mucormycosis requires reversing the underlying problems. Treatment for mucormycosis also includes quick and vigorous surgery. Extensive surgical debridement of necrotic tissues is required. Finally, an antifungal treatment is required. High-dose liposomal amphotericin B (5 mg/kg/day) is the first-line treatment for mucormycosis. Antifungal chemotherapy has no set length; instead, it is determined by the remission of all related symptoms and results (usually 6-8 weeks). Posaconazole maintenance therapy/secondary prophylaxis should be recommended in patients who have a persistently weakened immune system.

Keywords: Mucormycosis, Diabetes mellitus, Liposomal Amphotericin B.
Clinical Profile of Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treated Conservatively or Surgically and Effect of Risk Factors on Ulcer Healing
Authors: Prakash Ved
Published: June 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical profile of patients with diabetic foot ulcer treated conservatively or surgically and effect of risk factors on ulcer healing.
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in tertiary medical teaching hospital where medical records of diabetic patients who were admitted with foot problem were evaluated. All diabetic patients who were aged >18 years and admitted with DFU were included in this study. A structured proforma was used to collect data from the medical record. SPSS version 20.0 was used to perform the statistical analysis.
Result: 280 subjects with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) were evaluated in this study. 71% ulcers were healed where as 11% were persisted unhealed. Patients who were undergone for amputation 12% were minor (Foot only) and 4% were major (above the ankle). A statistically significant association between age, duration of diabetes, glycemic control peripheral neuropathy, and ulcer size were found with diabetic foot ulcer healing.
Conclusion: Modifiable factors like good glycemic control, early management of ulcers and early treatment of peripheral neuropathy can influence Diabetic foot ulcer outcomes. Special care should be provided to diabetic subjects who are aged and have longer duration of diabetes.

Keywords: Diabetic foot ulcers, ulcer severity, clinical profile, Wagner’s Classification, outcome.
Comparison of Effectiveness of Cryotherapy and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) on Pain, Range of Motion and Gait Speed in Early Post-Operative Phase in Subjects with Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Thosar Jyotsna Amod , Parikh Miti , Desai Mohan Madhav
Published: June 2021

Introduction: In acute phase after Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), physiotherapy, aims at reducing pain, local edema and muscle weakness. Among treatment techniques, cryotherapy increases pain tolerance, helping in uninhibited motor recruitment of quadriceps. Intermittent muscle fiber contraction with Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) improves blood flow, reduces pain and decreases quadriceps arthrogenic muscle inhibition. Exercise therapy causes muscle strengthening. Effects of perioperative cold therapy have conflicting evidences. Early NMES use, post TKA for pain and swelling reduction has shown paucity of literature. Hence, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of these techniques in improving function.
Method: Interventional study was conducted with 30 subjects randomly allocated into two groups (Group A- cryotherapy and Group B- NMES). Both received standardized exercise therapy. On 2nd postoperative day- pain (using Visual Analog Scale), Range Of Motion (using universal goniometer) and gait speed (using 4 metre walk test) was measured. Treatment was given for 5 days according to allocated group. Post-treatment outcome measures were taken.
Results: Out of 30 participants, both groups showed statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in all outcomes. Comparing effectiveness between the groups, NMES showed statistically significant improvement for knee flexion ROM. Other outcome measures showed no statistically significant difference.
Conclusion: Rehabilitation in acute phase is essential for improving patient’s strength in long term. Along with exercise therapy, both cryotherapy and NMES showed improved function. On comparison, NMES showed better results for improvement in knee flexion ROM.

Keywords: Total Knee Arthroplasty, cryotherapy, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, exercise therapy, visual analog scale, range of motion, gait speed.
A Review on Drug Related Problems in Type 2 DM with Combination of Sulfonylureas and Biguanides
Authors: Jose Chinju , Pradhan Abhishek , Shabaraya A. R
Published: June 2021

Increased drug related problems in diabetic patients treated with combinations of high doses of sulfonylureas and metformin was recently reported. This review article is aimed towards the assessment of drug related problems in patients treated with low-doses of sulfonylureas and biguanides. Sulphonylureas the second most commonly used antidiabetic drugs after metformin; there have been concerns regarding the cardiovascular safety of sulfonylureas. These safety concerns initiated with the University Group Diabetes Program conducted in the 1960s, found a sulfonylurea, tolbutamide, where tolbutamide is a first-generation sulfonylurea and was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular problems compared with placebo. Indeed, sulfonylureas have been associated with known cardiovascular risk factors like weight gain, fluid retention, and hypoglycemia. Phenformin, a biguanide, was related to lactic acidosis and withdrawn from use after causing increased risk factors within the University Group Diabetes Program since then, a more modern biguanide, metformin, has risen to its current place because the leading oral therapy for diabetes supported its relative lack of hazard from lactic acidosis and evidence especially from a subgroup of participants in the UK Prospective Diabetes Study, that it can reduce cardiovascular risk and other drug related problems. But there are certain studies showing that combination treatment with metformin and sulfonylurea is more effective, than drugs alone in enabling glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. However, safety of such combinations deserves further investigation.

Keywords: Type2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM, drug related problems, sulfonylureas, biguanides.
Awareness on Tricky Fungal Infections Coexisting with COVID-19
Authors: Godise Sree Kavya , Maddukuri Sowjanya
Published: June 2021

As we know that the whole world is fighting against SARS-CoV-2, here another new battle starts i.e., the fungal co-infections which throw a challenge to the world. In many cases, people who are recovered from COVID-19 are more prone to develop these co-fungal infections. Looking back on SARS –CoV in 2003, we found that the fungal infections was the main cause of death for SARS-CoV patients, accounting for 25% - 73.7% in all causes of death, while in COVID-19 patients, only few studies have been reported. The most common fungal infections associated with COVID-19 patients are mucormycosis (black fungus), candidiasis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis. The main motto of this article is to present the detailed description about these fungal infections in aspects of their definitive species, associated risk factors, pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and their preventive measures.

Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, fungal co-infections, mucormycosis (black fungus), candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis.
Association of qSOFA with Ludwig's Angina Patient Mortality at Dr. Sutomo Hospital, Surabaya
Authors: Saifuddin Muhamad , Susilo Dwi Hari , Wibowo Marjono Dwi
Published: June 2021

Objective: This study aims to determine the association between The quick Sequential Organ Failure (qSOFA) score and the mortality of Ludwig's Angina.
Material and Methods: Secondary data from the medical records of Ludwig’s Angina patients in the period January 2019 - December 2020. Data included demographic feature, qSOFA data, Outcome patient, comorbidity diseases and complications before treatment. The number of samples was determined using the total sampling method. This study was enrolled into analytical observational study.
Results: There were 49 medical records that were included in the inclusion criteria, 6 medical records were excluded because the data were missing. There were more men 36 (73,5%) than women 13 (26,5%). There were 12 (24,5%) high qSOFA and 37 (75,5%) low qSOFA. There were 12 (24,5%) patient outcome dead and 37 (75,5%) outcome alive. The results of Chi-square analysis show qSOFA and confounding Diabetes Mellitus (DM) respectively were statistically significant association with Ludwig's Angina mortality. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, shows that there is a significant association between qSOFA and Ludwig's Angina mortality (p: 0.018) with an OR of 20.9 (CI 95% : 1,673 – 263,367). Diabetes mellitus comorbidity factors were also significantly associated with the mortality of Ludwig's angina.
Conclusion: There is a significant association between qSOFA and Ludwig's Angina mortality.

Keywords: Ludwig’s Angina, Mortality, qSOFA, Sepsis.