bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL‐6 mediated CD206+ARG‐1+ tumor associated macrophage polarization induces Treg infiltration in non‐responder luminal A breast cancer
Authors: Das Ananya , Roy Sraddhya , Bairagi Aparajita , Alam Neyaz , Chatterjee Nabanita
Published: February 2025

Drug non‐responsiveness is the major reason for the poor prognosis of hormonal receptor‐positive breast cancer (ER+/PR+ BCa), particularly the luminal A subtype. However, the underlying mechanism of drug non‐responsiveness remains unknown. Flow cytometry and t‐SNE analysis followed by ELISA validation of responder and non‐responder unveiled lower secretion of IFN‐γ, IL‐12, and higher levels of IL‐6 and TGF‐β in CD4+ T cells (P < 0.001), CD8+ T cells (P < 0.001), FOXP3+ Tregs (P < 0.001) and CD206+ TAMs (P < 0.001) in non‐responders. Treatment of isolated CD206+ TAMs with recombinant IL‐6 upregulated the expression of ARG‐1 (arginase‐1) and subsequent increase of TGF‐β+ Tregs (P < 0.001) and IL‐6+ Tregs (P < 0.001) in luminal A BCa. Our findings showed IL‐6 mediated ARG‐1+CD206+ TAMs polarization induced FOXP3+ Tregs infiltration in TME of non‐responder in luminal A BCa.
Stroma gene signature predicts responsiveness to chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patient‐derived xenograft models
Authors: Anastasia Alessia , Formenti Laura , Ostano Paola , Minoli Lucia , Resovi Andrea , Morosi Lavinia , Fioravanti Claudia , Micotti Edoardo , Matteo Cristina , Scanziani Eugenio , Chiorino Giovanna , Giavazzi Raffaella , Ghilardi Carmen , Belotti Dorina
Published: February 2025

Despite many efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatment resistance, there is still no reliable method for selecting patients who could benefit from standard pharmacological treatment. Here, four PDAC patient‐derived xenografts (PDAC‐PDXs) with different responses to gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel (nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel) were studied to dissect the contribution of both tumor and host microenvironment to treatment response. PDAC‐PDXs transplanted into the pancreas of immunodeficient mice retained the main genetic and histopathological characteristics of the original human tumors, including invasiveness and desmoplastic reaction. Response to chemotherapy was associated with a specific 294 stroma gene signature and was not due to the intrinsic responsiveness of tumor cells or differences in drug delivery. Human dataset analysis validated the expression of the 294 stroma gene signature in PDAC clinical samples, confirming PDAC‐PDXs as a useful tool to study the biology of tumor–host interactions and to test drug efficacy. In summary, we identified a stroma gene signature that differentiates PDAC‐PDXs that are responsive to gemcitabine plus Nab‐paclitaxel treatment from those that are not, confirming the active role of the tumor microenvironment in the drug response.
Dosimetric sensitivity of an enhanced leaf model (ELM) for individual versus averaged machines
Authors: Panagi Rafail , Caines Rhydian , Rowbottom Carl G.
Published: February 2025

Background

With the introduction of a new multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) enhanced leaf model (ELM) in the Varian Eclipse™ treatment planning system, there is currently limited data regarding the dosimetric sensitivity to real‐world variation in the ELM parameters, and its clinical relevance.

Purpose

To characterize the variation in ELM parameters across a large department with ten linear accelerators and investigate the feasibility of using a single machine‐averaged ELM for treatment planning. This could achieve time and resource savings from reduced quality assurance, while allowing easy transfer of patients between machines.

Methods

Clinical plans of a range of sites (head and neck, prostate, breast, lung, and brain), techniques (VMAT, IMRT, SBRT, and SRS), and energies (6 MV, 6 MV FFF, 10 MV, and 10 MV FFF) were recalculated on Varian TrueBeam™ (120 MLC) and Varian EDGE™ (HD120 MLC), with machine‐specific ELM beam models, an averaged machine and an outlier machine model. A range of clinically relevant metrics relating to target coverage (e.g. PTV D98%, D50%, D2%) and OAR doses (dosimetric, volumetric, conformity, and gradient indices) were evaluated.

Results

For the target metrics, the maximum percentage deviation from the mean was 0.422%, 0.157%, and 1.956% for the cases of the individual machines, the averaged machine and the outlier machine correspondingly, while the maximum absolute dose differences were 0.28 Gy, 0.07 Gy, and 0.38 Gy. For the OAR metrics, the maximum deviation from the mean was 1.833%, 0.204%, and 5.722% for the individual, averaged, and outlier machines, while the maximum absolute dose differences were 0.41 Gy, 0.10 Gy, and 0.97 Gy.

Conclusions

For machines that are well matched in terms of dosimetry for transmission and sweeping gap fields, the use of an averaged machine model is unlikely to introduce clinically significant dosimetric differences to treatment plans.
Radiomics in glioma: emerging trends and challenges
Authors: Wang Zihan , Wang Lei , Wang Yinyan
Published: February 2025

Radiomics is a promising neuroimaging technique for extracting and analyzing quantitative glioma features. This review discusses the application, emerging trends, and challenges associated with using radiomics in glioma. Integrating deep learning algorithms enhances various radiomics components, including image normalization, region of interest segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection, and model construction and can potentially improve model accuracy and performance. Moreover, investigating specific tumor habitats of glioblastomas aids in a better understanding of glioblastoma aggressiveness and the development of effective treatment strategies. Additionally, advanced imaging techniques, such as diffusion‐weighted imaging, perfusion‐weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetic resonance fingerprinting, functional MRI, and positron emission tomography, can provide supplementary information for tumor characterization and classification. Furthermore, radiomics analysis helps understand the glioma immune microenvironment by predicting immune‐related biomarkers and characterizing immune responses within tumors. Integrating multi‐omics data, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and pathomics, with radiomics, aids the understanding of the biological significance of the underlying radiomics features and improves the prediction of genetic mutations, prognosis, and treatment response in patients with glioma. Addressing challenges, such as model reproducibility, model generalizability, model interpretability, and multi‐omics data integration, is crucial for the clinical translation of radiomics in glioma.
Comparison of offspring outcomes in women with and without epilepsy
Authors: Luo Huali , Mao Xiaomin , Zhu Shuli , Luo Qiong , Fang Jiajia , Li Qiwei
Published: February 2025

Objective

The potential impact of antiseizure medications (ASMs) on abortion rate and bone metabolism in the offspring of pregnant women with epilepsy (WWE) is currently unknown. This research aimed to assess the potential risk by conducting a comparative analysis of bone metabolism‐related indicators in the offspring of WWE.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from 83 epileptic parturients receiving antenatal care at our hospital and a co‐operative hospital from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021, comparing them to a control group of 249 parturients. The study analyzed and compared the two groups' growth parameters, including delivery mode, femoral length, biparietal diameter, and birth weight. Differences in femoral length, biparietal diameter, and birth weight among different ASM groups were also examined.

Results

WWE were more likely to undergo a cesarean section with a lower abortion rate (55.4% vs. 37.3%, P = 0.004). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, offspring femoral length in WWE was significantly reduced compared to the control group (6.812 cm vs. 6.923 cm, P < 0.0001). Moreover, those born to WWE using multiple ASMs had significantly reduced femoral and biparietal lengths compared to those whose mothers used a single ASM or none (P < 0.0001). Additionally, birth weight was significantly lower in offspring of WWE using multiple ASMs than those not using ASM (P < 0.05).

Interpretation

WWE experienced fewer abortions but worse negative offspring outcomes. The bone metabolism of the offspring of WWE was decreased and exhibited shortened femoral length, particularly in those on multiple ASMs.
Bidirectional‐Sensitive Dual‐Narrowband Self‐Powered Single Perovskite Photodetector for Fast Computational Imaging
Authors: Bai Chunxiao , Peng Zheng , Li Wanjun , Chen Boao , Fu Yong , Zhao Chuanxi , Mai Wenjie
Published: February 2025

Narrowband photodetectors (PDs) are extensively utilized in fields such as image sensing, machine vision, and optical communications. Traditional approaches to achieving wavelength‐selective light detection typically involve methods such as voltage‐modulated charge collection or injection the incorporation of optical filters, or the use of multi‐stacked active layer materials. Herein, an innovative dual‐mode perovskite PD characterized by unbalanced charge carrier transport (UCCT) properties are introduced. By altering the direction of light incidence, the PD exhibits two distinct narrowband spectral responses, thereby significantly simplifying conventional strategies that complicate PD fabrication. This novel approach also mitigates issues related to slow response times, limited band selectivity, and low external quantum efficiency (EQE). In the Red (R)‐Mode, a detection peak at 700 nm is identified, with a full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 30 nm, a specific detectivity (D*) of 2.6 × 1010 Jones, and a responsivity (R) of 179 mA W−1. Conversely, in Green (G‐Mode, a narrowband response is observed with a peak at 500 nm, a FWHM of 75 nm, a D* of 1.1 × 1010 Jones, and an R of 75 mA W−1. Furthermore, a dual‐mode narrowband single‐PD imaging prototype, integrated with an advanced Fourier imaging algorithm, has been developed, enabling the reconstruction of high‐quality images with 128 × 128 pixels within a time frame of 100 seconds. This research represents a significant advancement in the realm of filter‐free dual‐mode narrowband PDs and lays the groundwork for the evolution of next‐generation optoelectronic applications.
Efficacy and Cellular Mechanism of Biomimetic Marine Adhesive Protein‐Based Coating Against Skin Photoaging
Authors: Xue Bo
Published: February 2025

Skin photoaging is a problem worldwide, clinically often accompanied by collagen decline, increased wrinkles, loss of skin elasticity, structurally weakened skin, and other complications, which urgently demand effective treatment strategies. The biosafety and efficacy of single‐function therapies for repairing skin photoaging are still challenging for clinical medicine today. At present, numerous studies report that the wet adhesive proteins driven from marine organisms play a critical role in the biomedical material field, particularly in aquatic environments. In this study, a natural recombinant protein‐based coating from scallop byssal protein is prepared to investigate the efficacy and cellular mechanism in accelerating the repair of UVB‐induced photoaging in a mouse model. In vitro experiments demonstrate the safety of the coating and its efficacy in enhancing cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and migration. Additionally, the coating effectively scavenges reactive oxygen species, promotes the expression of cell adhesion molecules and anti‐apoptotic proteins, and inhibits inflammatory responses. In animal tests, the coating exhibited remarkable adsorption properties, showing significant potential for in situ regenerative therapy, as evidenced by its ability to protect against UVB‐induced skin photoaging and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that Sbp9Δ coating provides a simple, safe, and innovative strategy for treating skin photoaging.
Photothermal‐Driven α‐Amylase‐Modified Polydopamine Pot‐Like Nanomotors for Enhancing Penetration and Elimination of Drug‐Resistant Biofilms
Authors: Zhai Xiangxiang , Liu Yi , Hao Xiaomeng , Luo Ming , Gao Zhixue , Wu Jinmei , Yang Zili , Gan Ying , Zhao Suling , Song Zhiyong , Guan Jianguo
Published: February 2025

Biological enzyme‐functionalized antibacterial nanoparticles, which can degrade biofilm and kill bacteria under mild reaction conditions, have attracted much attention for the elimination of deep‐seated bacterial infections. However, the poor diffusion and penetration capabilities of recently developed biological enzyme‐functionalized antibacterial nanoparticles in biofilm severely impair the eradication efficacy of deep‐seated bacteria. Herein, a photothermal‐driven nanomotor (denoted as APPNM) is developed for enhancing the elimination of drug‐resistant biofilms and the eradication of deep‐seated bacteria. The nanomotor contained a pot‐like polydopamine (PDA) nanostructure and its outer surface is chemically immobilized with a layer of α‐amylases. Under exposure to 808 nm near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, the self‐propelled nanomotors, integrating the α‐amylases to destroy the compact structure of biofilms, can penetrate deeply into biofilms and effectively eliminate them. Subsequently, they can accumulate on the surface of bacteria using the inherent bio‐adhesion property of PDA, thereby completely eradicating deep‐seated bacteria by photothermal effect. These synergistic effects enable them to exhibit superior antibiofilm effects and produce remarkable therapeutic efficacy with accelerated wound healing in vivo. With excellent biocompatibility, the as‐developed nanomotors have great potential to be applied for treating biofilm‐related infections.
Trace Dual‐Crosslinkable Additives Enable Direct Microlithography for Enhanced Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Zhang Jingling , Zhong Yueheng , Jiang Hao , Zhao Zhikang , Wang Haoyu , Wang Ruizhe , Chen Zhu , Liang Qicheng , Wang Xiangyu , Sun Fengqiang , Xing Yi , Duan Xiaozheng , Li Hongxiang , Feng Liang‐Wen , Zhu Meifang , Sun Hengda , Wang Gang
Published: February 2025

Similar to silicon‐based electronics, the implementation of micro/nano‐patterning to facilitate complex device architectures and high‐density integration is crucial to the development of organic electronics. Among various patterning techniques, direct microlithography (DML) is highly applicable and extensively adopted in organic electronics, such as organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). However, conventional DML often requires high crosslinker concentrations, leading to compromised electrical performance. To address this challenge, a novel strategy is developed that combines supramolecular and covalent interactions by incorporating a polyrotaxane supramolecular crosslinker (PR) into poly(benzodifurandione) (PBFDO). The PR forms a hydrogen bonding network with PBFDO and undergoes UV‐triggered covalent crosslinking among its molecules, providing solvent resistance even at trace loading levels (<0.1 wt%). This approach enables precise patterning of PBFDO with feature sizes below 1 µm while preserving high electrical performance. Notably, PR also serves as a performance enhancer, promoting molecular ordering and ionic conduction within PBFDO. OECTs fabricated with PR‐crosslinked PBFDO exhibit about one‐order‐of‐magnitude increase in ON/OFF ratio, a 42% increase in µC* (reaching 2460 F cm−1 V−1 s−1), and elevated operational stability compared to pristine ones. This multifunctional crosslinker offers a scalable solution for high‐performance, high‐density organic electronics and opens new avenues for supramolecular chemistry applications in this field.
Therapeutic Potential of Manuka Honey Microbubble Dressing in Wound Management
Authors: Lin Pei‐Ju
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the antibacterial effects of Manuka honey (MH) microbubbles on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in wound dressings. MH solutions are passed through a microbubble generator with a high‐density stainless steel mesh nozzle to produce MH‐containing microbubbles, which are then injected into dressings in contact with S. aureus. The experiment examines variables including microbubble particle sizes, dressing types, MH microbubbles consumption, and antibacterial action durations. Statistical analyses are performed on colony survival rates under various conditions. Results indicate that MH microbubble characteristics, MH microbubbles consumption, and action duration indirectly enhance S. aureus elimination, with overall disinfection reaching 86% and some conditions achieving 100% efficacy. The study proposes using MH microbubble dressings for S. aureus elimination, environmental cleaning of affected areas, and shortening dermatitis treatment courses. This approach offers a promising method for enhancing wound care and bacterial control in medical settings.
Rubottom Oxidation Reaction Inspired Divergent Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy Amidines, α‐Bromo Amidines and Tribrominated Indole Derivatives
Authors: Deng Yan‐Qiu , Qin Chang‐Qing , Ren Hai , Chen Guo‐Shu , Ni Chen‐Chen , Liu Yun‐Lin
Published: February 2025

A Rubottom‐type oxidation of N‐β‐aminoacrylate substituted indoles with m‐CPBA, providing direct routes to a series of α‐hydroxy amidines was reported. In addition, inspired by this oxidation reaction, a solvent‐controlled switchable bromination of N‐β‐aminoacrylate substituted indoles selectively leading to either 3,3‐dibromo‐oxindole based α‐bromo amidines or tribromo‐substituted indole derivatives was also developed.
The Role of Copper Ions in Mediating the Anti‐Cancer Effects Using Nanomaterials
Authors: Mehmud Irfan , Wu Song , Zhang Shaohua
Published: February 2025

Copper plays a pivotal role in human physiology, particularly in oncology, acting both as a facilitator of progression and also as a potential avenue for advanced therapeutic approaches. Maintaining copper homeostasis is crucial. The dysregulation of copper homeostasis is implicated in tumor growth through its involvement in critical processes of angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. The elevation in copper level in the tumor microenvironment (TME) activates oncogenic pathways to drive the neovascularization and sustained growth of malignancies. However, the same reliance on copper offers a unique weakness that can be leveraged for innovative therapeutic interventions. The recent advances in nanomedicine enable the synthesis of nanostructures that can help modulate the level of copper with precision offering multifaceted approaches for copper‐based cancer therapy with controlled release mechanism, optimized structures to induce cuproptosis, selective eradication of cancer cells with minimum and systemic toxicity. This review explores the dual role of copper in cancer biology, emphasizing its contribution to the progression of tumors and its emerging application in targeted cancer therapy. The review also highlights the potential of nanostructures in harnessing copper‐based therapies and their transformative potential from bench to bed side with novel, highly effective, and clinical safety.
Chromosome Missegregation Triggers Tumor Cell Pyroptosis and Enhances Anti‐Tumor Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Duan Wei , Hosea Rendy , Wang Lingxian , Ruan Cao , Zhao Fuqiang , Liu Jingyi , Zhao Hezhao , Miyagishi Makoto , Wu Shourong , Kasim Vivi
Published: February 2025

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is a promising anti‐tumor therapeutic strategy; however, its efficacy in solid tumors is limited. Chromosome missegregation is common in various solid tumors; however, its role in tumor progression remains poorly understood, and its correlation with ICI is yet to be explored. Here, it is found that increased chromosome missegregation promotes tumor immune microenvironment, and eventually immunotherapeutic efficacy, by triggering pyroptosis. yin yang 2 (YY2) is identified as a mitotic checkpoint regulator, which promotes chromosome missegregation by upregulating BUB1B transcription. Increased chromosome missegregation promoted the formation of micronuclei and release of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) into the cytosol, triggering an AIM2‐mediated cytosolic dsDNA response. The subsequent pyroptosis strengthened the tumor immune microenvironment, thereby enhancing immunoinfiltration and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells, while preventing their exhaustion. Finally, through in vitro and in vivo experiments, it is demonstrated that combining YY2 overexpression‐induced chromosome missegregation/cytosolic dsDNA response and PD‐1 inhibitor significantly enhanced the efficacy of ICI immunotherapy in microsatellite instable and microsatellite stable colorectal cancer cells. Together, these findings provide new insights on the role of chromosome missegregation in triggering cytosolic dsDNA response‐mediated pyroptosis and modulating the tumor immune microenvironment, suggesting a novel strategy for improving ICI therapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer.
Dislocation‐Driven Formation of Oriented Macroperiodic Metastructures of Curved Single Crystal Lattices in Glass
Authors: Musterman Evan J. , Dierolf Volkmar , Jain Himanshu
Published: February 2025

Single crystals fabricated in glass by localized heating can develop uniquely deformed lattices stabilized by the surrounding amorphous medium. The development of lattice curvature appears to be intrinsic to the crystal growth process in some systems, while the result of the locally changing crystallography in others. In this work, a model laser‐fabricated rotating lattice Sb2S3 crystal grown in stoichiometric glass is used to demonstrate fabrication of novel macroperiodic metastructures that utilize intrinsic lattice curvature superimposed with subtle crystallographic influences. The limited availability of slip systems drives the lattice curvature magnitude to vary with crystal growth direction, maximizing for lattices aligned with the predominant Burgers vector along with corresponding increases in dislocation density. Misaligned lattice orientations form smaller secondary lattice curvatures arising from misaligned Burgers vectors with further elastic contributions. Over extended crystal growth, these secondary components align the lattice to rotate about either the <001> or <010> crystal axes forming repeating metastructures of lattice orientation with periodicity 20–160 microns in length. The mechanistic approach used in this work may be expanded to other systems with known slip systems to better understand and design macroperiodic metastructures.
Structural Colors Go Active
Authors: Li Xinting , Zhao Jiancun , Yang Junyi , Huo Yihui , Yu Yiting
Published: February 2025

Structural colors find wide applications for color printing, intelligent display, filtering imaging, etc., owing to their benefits, including high resolution, stable properties, and dynamic tunability. This review first illustrates the mechanisms of structural color generation, such as surface plasmon resonances, localized surface plasmon resonances, Fabry‐Perot resonances, Mie resonances, etc. It then proposes the recent technological strategies employed to realize dynamic structural colors. The integration of structural colors with functional materials like phase‐change, along with the development of color dynamic control mechanisms such as microfluidic chips, micro‐electro‐mechanical system drivers, and microheaters, represents key approaches for spectrum regulation. Furthermore, the review assesses the performance, advantages, and limitations of various technologies for dynamic structural colors. Finally, this review concluded with a section on the future challenges and prospects in large‐area fabrication, practical applications, and performance improvement. It explains the current typical applications, including smart windows, adaptive camouflage, sensors, etc., and explores the processing methods that can achieve large‐area, high‐fidelity preparation of structural colors, such as nanoimprint, deep ultraviolet lithography, immersion lithography, laser printing, etc. This field promises advancements in high‐density data storage, information encryption, and broader market applications.
A Neural Device Inspired by Neuronal Oscillatory Activity with Intrinsic Perception and Decision‐Making
Authors: Gu Congtian , Ma Guoliang , Zhang Mengze , Shen Hu , Pu Liaoyuan , Song Yanhe , Yan Shilong , Wang Dakai , Ba Kaixian , Yu Bin , Han Zhiwu , Ren Luquan
Published: February 2025

Bionic neural devices often feature complex structures with multiple interfaces, requiring extensive post‐processing. In this paper, a neural device with intrinsic perception and decision‐making (NDIPD), inspired by neuronal oscillatory activity is introduced. The device utilizes alternating signals generated by coupling the human body with the power‐frequency electromagnetic field as both a signal source and energy source, mimicking neuronal oscillatory activity. The peaks and valleys of the alternating signal are differentially modulated to replicate the baseline shift process in neuronal oscillatory activity. By comparing the amplitude of the peaks and valleys in the NDIPD's electrical output signal, the device achieves intrinsic perception and decision‐making regarding the location of mechanical stimulation. This is accomplished using a single interface, which reduces data transmission, simplifies functionality, and eliminates the need for an external power supply. The NDIPD demonstrates a low‐pressure detection limit (<0.02 N), fast response time (<20 ms), and exceptional stability (>200 000 cycles). It shows great potential for applications such as game control, UAV navigation, and virtual vehicle driving. The innovative energy supply method and sensing mechanism are expected to open new avenues in the development of bionic neural devices.
Green impacts of transforming green electricity into microwave for ammonia and urea production
Authors: Jiang Peng , Wang Chenhan , Li Lin , Ji Tuo , Mu Liwen , Lu Xiaohua , Zhu Jiahua
Published: February 2025

Green NH3 production is challenged by high energy consumption, costs, and low yields. Here, we proposed a new green NH3 process utilizing microwave (MW)‐driven N2 transformations (GreenE+MW). This process integrates water electrolysis, air separation, MW‐assisted NH3 synthesis, and NH3 separation. For comparison, a green NH3 process using the Haber–Bosch technology (GreenE+HB) was established, and the energy, economic, and environmental impacts were evaluated. The GreenE+MW process increased NH3 yield by 25.14% and reduced energy consumption by 20.69% compared to the GreenE+HB process. Furthermore, it demonstrated notable advantages in cost and carbon footprint, with green NH3 production costs potentially reduced to 326.84 USD/tNH3 at electricity price of 0.02 USD/kWh. Based on which, a green urea process was proposed, achieving an 85% reduction in carbon emissions (0.128 kgCO2e/kgUrea) compared to conventional methods. This work offers a unique electrification technology to reconstruct the industrial NH3 and urea production processes with a lower carbon footprint.
Investigation of hydrogen spillover in atomically dispersed metal on WO3 for selective hydrogenation
Authors: Sun Yu , Gan Jie , Du Bing , Wang You , Yin Jieyi , Zhang Sai
Published: February 2025

Optimizing kinetic barriers of hydrogen spillover for selective hydrogenation on supported catalysts with dual‐active sites faces a significant challenge due to inherent contradiction between H2 activation and *H transformation from metal to support. Herein, the adsorption energy of *H (Ead(H)) on metal has been demonstrated as a viable descriptor for understanding hydrogenation on the WO3 surface with dual‐active sites of single‐atom metals and oxygen vacancies. Theoretical simulations rationalize the optimized value of Ead(H) of −2.49 eV for these dual‐active sites. Furthermore, the absolute value (|ΔEad(H)|) between Ead(H) and −2.49 eV was calculated to directly explore the catalytic activity of M1/NR‐WO3. Among them, the Pt1/NR‐WO3 catalysts with the lowest |ΔEad(H)| exhibited the weakened *H adsorption and enabled efficient H2 activation, resulting in a TOF value of 170,480 h−1 and >99.9% selectivity for the hydrogenation of p‐chloronitrobenzene to p‐chloroaniline. These findings provide new insights into the hydrogen spillover‐promoted selective hydrogenation.
Intrapersonal psychological empowerment: Assessing measurement invariance of the Brief Sociopolitical Control Scale for youth between LGBQ+ and non‐LGBQ+ youth of color
Authors: Lardier David T. , Davis Alexandra N. , Verdezoto Carolina S. , Magliulo Sabrina , Bell Lindsey M. , Herrera Andriana , Garcia‐Reid Pauline , Reid Robert J.
Published: February 2025

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Queer, and Questioning+ (LGBQ+) Black, Indigenous, and Persons of Color (BIPOC) youth experience significant stigmatization and injustice compared to their non‐LGBQ+ BIPOC peers. Empowerment, civic engagement, and social connection are protective factors that reduce negative psychological outcomes for these youth. Despite this, validated measures to assess empowerment among LGBQ+ BIPOC youth are scarce. This study evaluated the applicability of the newly revised Brief Sociopolitical Control Scale for Youth (BSPCS‐Y) through multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) to examine configural, metric, and scalar invariances between LGBQ+ and non‐LGBQ+ BIPOC youth (N = 1789). Convergent validity was assessed with psychological sense of community and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results indicated a good model fit for the abbreviated BSPCS‐Y, with no significant group differences in metric and scalar invariances. Subscales for leadership competence and policy control were positively associated with psychological sense of community and negatively associated with depression and anxiety symptoms, with stronger effects of psychological sense of community observed in non‐LGBQ+ BIPOC youth and more robust associations with reduced depression and anxiety among LGBQ+ BIPOC youth. These findings support the BSPCS‐Y as a valid tool for measuring empowerment in diverse BIPOC youth populations.
Biology and Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Mutated NPM1
Authors: Chen Evan C. , Shimony Shai , Luskin Marlise R. , Stone Richard M.
Published: February 2025

Mutations in nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) are diseased‐defining genetic alterations encountered in approximately one‐third of cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A mutation in NPM1 confers a more favorable prognosis; however, clinical outcomes of NPM1–mutated AML (NPM1mut AML) are diverse due to the heterogeneity of disease biology, patient characteristics, and treatment received. Research over the last two decades has dramatically expanded our understanding of the biology of NPM1mut AML and led to the development of new therapeutic approaches and strategies for monitoring measurable residual disease (MRD). Here, we review NPM1mut AML with a practical focus on the current treatment landscape, the role of MRD in guiding management, and emerging therapies, including menin inhibitors.
KLK11‐Related Disorder of Cornification Presenting as Inflammatory Skin Disease: A Familial Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Eiumtrakul Wongsathorn , Wittayakornrerk Sanchawan , Wongkittichote Parith , Nujaroen Saisuda , Pakhathirathien Pattima , Wattanasirichaigoon Duangrurdee
Published: February 2025

Mendelian disorders of cornification (MeDoC) are a group of heterogeneous inherited skin disorders characterized by hyperkeratosis or scaling. Clinical assessment and skin biopsy are primarily used to differentiate MeDoC from overlapping diseases, including inflammatory skin diseases, and to identify the specific type of MeDoC; however, the results can sometimes be inconclusive. We present two individuals from a family who were initially misdiagnosed with familial pityriasis rubra pilaris, however clinical exome sequencing revealed a likely pathogenic variant in KLK11, a gene recently identified to be associated with MeDoC. This study emphasizes the importance of genetic testing in dermatologic diagnosis.
Dietary Variation Among Herculaneum's Victims of Mt. Vesuvius via Dental Microwear Texture Analysis
Authors: Schmidt Christopher W. , Remy Ashley , D'Anastasio Ruggero
Published: February 2025

The Roman site of Herculaneum provides an extraordinary opportunity to reconstruct ancient diets in the context of life course theory because everyone died simultaneously due to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79. Objectives: The current study addresses three primary hypotheses: (1) Subadult diets changed as children aged, (2) adult diets differed from subadult diets, and (3) male and female diets differed as they age. Materials and Methods: This study includes dental microwear texture data from 58 adults (age 16+) and 23 subadults (age 0–16) recovered by Sarah Bisel from within and near to storage rooms adjacent to Herculaneum's beach. The adults include 27 females and 31 males. Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) employed standard procedures: data collection used a white‐light confocal profiler at 100×. The DMTA variables were complexity, anisotropy, textural fill volume, and scale of maximum complexity. Statistical methods used Bayesian versions of analysis of variance and correlation (Bayes factors above 1.5 were considered meaningful and above 3.0 significant) as well as discriminant function analysis and binary logistic regression. Results: No differences emerged among the children. Adult diets were significantly lower than the subadults for anisotropy. Among the adults, age affected the females more, particularly for anisotropy. Discussion: Subadult diets did not vary by age, but they did vary. The lower adult anisotropy indicates each adult ate a greater variety of foods compared to the subadults. As females aged, however, their diets became more restricted compared to the males. Overall, age and sex affected the Herculaneum diet.
An innovative hybrid training method for ultrasound in giant cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica and large vessel vasculitis
Authors: Chew Li‐Ching , Hong Cassandra , Dasgupta Bhaskar
Published: February 2025

We propose a novel hybrid physical and virtual training method, complemented by online learning, as an effective method to teach and acquire ultrasound skills. We aim to illustrate this through our experience with a remote ultrasound training module for giant cell arteritis scanning. The significance of this innovation is the ability to mitigate the challenges faced by ultrasound training during pandemic‐times, including the need for physical distancing, group size limitation and overseas travel restrictions. Furthermore, the hybrid training provides an invaluable access to distant specialist cognitive and procedural expertise when conventional means may not be feasible. Although this form of ultrasound training has limitations, such as diminished face‐to‐face contact, we were able to resume training despite the unfavourable circumstances. By harnessing virtual technology for hands‐on training, we can strive to reduce worldwide training inequalities, particularly in areas requiring highly specialised skills where expertise may not be available locally. Even as the world has moved out of ‘lockdown’, the pandemic has serendipitously provided novel ways of doing things; the lessons learnt here can be utilised for future hybrid training models, especially where hands‐on experience is crucial.
Improving the Methane Oxidation by Self‐Adaptive Optimization of Liquid‐Metal Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Wang Yinhe , Liu Xiaokang , Wu Fan , Wang Xiaoqian , Ma Chunrong , Han Xiao , Ran Yihua , Zhang Yan , Zhang Zhiwen , Xu Qiang , Wang Zhandong , Zhang Guozhen , Wang Jing , Cai Jun , Liu Zhi , Zhang Yu , Yao Tao , Jiang Jun , Wu Yuen
Published: February 2025

Methane (CH4), a major greenhouse gas and abundant carbon resource, presents significant challenges in catalysis due to its high symmetry and thermodynamic stability, which tend to cause over‐oxidation to CO2. Traditional catalysts require high temperatures and pressures to facilitate CH4 conversion, constrained by their rigid structures which lack the flexibility needed for optimizing complex reaction steps. This study introduces a novel Cu embedded liquid metal catalyst (Cu‐LMC) based on gallium alloys, characterized by dynamic, self‐adaptive structures that provide enhanced catalytic performance and selectivity. Our findings reveal that Cu‐LMC achieves a high methane conversion to methanol yield (5.9 mol⋅gCu−1⋅h−1) with a selectivity of 82 %. The results show that mild surface oxidation significantly boosts the catalytic performance of Cu‐LMC by increasing active copper sites through the formation of a Cu−O−Ga configuration while preserving the catalyst‘s structural flexibility. In situ X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) analyses, along with ab initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulations, demonstrate that the Cu‐LMC enables self‐adaptive structural adjustments that lower methanol desorption energy and increase the energy barrier for by‐product formation, optimizing the overall methane conversion process. The results underscore the importance of designing catalysts with dynamic and adaptable structures to overcome traditional limitations and improve efficiency in catalytic reactions.
A Metastable Oxygen Redox Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yanfang , Li Cheng , Li Yingzhi , de Benito Raquel , Williams Jacob , Stratford Joshua M. , Li Zhiqiang , Zeng Chun , Qin Ning , Wang Hongzhi , Cao Yulin , Gardner Dominic , Lima da Silva Wilgner , Tippireddy Sahil , Gan Qingmeng , Zhang Fangchang , Luo Wen , Makepeace Joshua W. , Zhou Ke‐Jin , Zhang Kaili , Zhang Fucai , Allan Phoebe K. , Lu Zhouguang
Published: February 2025

Simultaneously harnessing cation and anion redox activities in the cathode is crucial for the development of high energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. However, achieving long‐term stability for both mechanisms remains a significant challenge due to pronounced anisotropic volume changes at low lithium content, unfavorable cation migration, and oxygen loss. Here, we demonstrate exceptionally stable cation and anion redox behavior in a metastable, cobalt‐free layered oxide, Li0.693[Li0.153Ni0.190Mn0.657]O2 (LLNMO). After 50 cycles at 50 mA/g (~0.2 C), the cathode retains 97.4 % of its initial capacity (222.4 mAh/g) with negligible voltage decay. This remarkable stability is attributed to its metastable O6‐type structure (R‐3m symmetry) with unique local geometry. The face‐sharing connectivity between lithium layers and alternating transition metal (TM) layers effectively suppresses TM migration‐induced voltage decay during anion redox. Additionally, the structure balances interlayer cation/cation and anion/anion repulsions, resulting in minimal expansion and contraction during de‐/lithiation (<2.3 % along the c‐axis) and excellent structural reversibility. These findings highlight that layered oxides with a metastable framework are promising cathode candidates for next‐generation ultra‐high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries.
Amplified Production of a DNA Decoy Catalyzed by Intracellular MicroRNA
Authors: Yasuda Soshu , Morihiro Kunihiko , Koga Shuichiro , Okamoto Akimitsu
Published: February 2025

DNA decoys inhibit cellular transcription factors and are expected to be among the nucleic acid drugs used to downregulate the transcription process. However, spatially controlling the on/off efficacy of DNA decoys to avoid side effects on normal cells is challenging. To reduce undesired decoy function in normal cells, we adopted catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) to produce a DNA duplex from a hairpin DNA pair in response to a specific microRNA (miRNA). We designed the DNA hairpin pairs to form a DNA decoy that binds to nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), whose overexpression is related to many diseases, including cancer. The transformation of the DNA hairpin pair to the NF‐κB DNA decoy was catalyzed by miR‐21, which is expressed in various types of cancers. Intracellular CHA progression and the inhibitory effect against NF‐κB were observed only in miR‐21 overexpressing cancer cells. The intracellular miR‐21‐catalyzed production of the NF‐κB DNA decoy has the potential to reduce side effects on normal cells, thereby strengthening the therapeutic profile of the CHA‐decoy system. The ability to customize the combination of catalytic miRNA and target transcription factors would allow our technology to serve as a “personalized drug discovery system” for a variety of challenging diseases, including cancer.
Identical Grain Atomic Force Microscopy Elucidates Facet‐Dependent Restructuring of Copper for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Wang Hui , Mandemaker Laurens D. B. , de Ruiter Jim , Yu Xiang , van der Stam Ward , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: February 2025

Studies on the catalyst restructuring during the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) are limited and mostly focused on Cu (001) or (111) single crystals as model systems. A comprehensive overview of the dynamic restructuring of different Cu facets is lacking. Here, we first reveal the facet‐dependent restructuring of polycrystalline Cu electrodes through electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and identical grain atomic force microscopy (AFM). This combined analysis provides new insights into the evolution of crystal domains (EBSD) and surface topography (AFM) at varying conditions (e.g., applied potential and oxidative‐reductive pulses). The statistic slope distribution function was applied to study the restructuring asymmetry on five Cu facets (i.e., planar vs. atom stepped). We find that planar Cu (001) shows a square‐shaped morphology after eCO2RR with 4‐fold asymmetry restructuring behavior, while triangular features dominate on Cu (111), evidenced by surface changes with 3‐fold asymmetry. 2‐fold restructuring is observed for Cu (114), (212), and (124) with atom steps, resulting in forming elongated structures. Therefore, the surface restructuring is dominated by the asymmetry of its facet lattice structure (i.e., planar vs. atom‐stepped). This work underscores the potential of combining techniques to elucidate the relationship between surface restructuring and crystal facets on different length scales.
Spatial Confinement of a Dual Activatable DNAzyme Sensor in the Cavity of a DNA Nanocage for Logic‐Gated Molecular Imaging
Authors: Tu Tingting , Huan Shuangyan , Feng Xueyan , Ke Guoliang , Li Lele , Zhang Xiao‐Bing
Published: February 2025

Despite intense interest in design of DNAzyme sensors for molecular detection and imaging in living cells, their intracellular applications are still hampered by limited spatial control and poor bio‐stability. Here we present controlled spatial confinement of a rationally designed, microRNA (miRNA)‐activatable DNAzyme sensor probe (mDz) within the cavity of DNA nanocage, enabling efficient intracellular delivery with improved bio‐stability for AND‐gate molecular imaging. The mDz that possesses inactive DNAzyme activity is designed by the introduction of a blocking DNA strand, while miR‐21 mediated strand displacement reaction allows for the formation of an intact DNAzyme structure for metal‐ion‐mediated catalytic reaction. Furthermore, the DNA nanocage serves as a nanocarrier for intracellular delivery of mDz, in which the cavity is accessible to the dual targets for logic‐gated molecular imaging, while the confinement effect can provide steric protection of mDz by obstructing nuclease from entering the cavity of the DNA nanocage, resulting in enhanced bio‐stability and improved molecular imaging precision. This strategy paves a way for the engineering of activatable DNA nanosensors with both self‐delivery and self‐protection capabilities to detect diverse intracellular targets.
Triplet Exciplex Mediated Multi‐Color Ultra‐Long Afterglow Mate‐rials
Authors: Ma Liangwei , Liu Yiwei , Jin Xin , Jiang Tao , Zhou Lei , Wang Qiaochun , Tian He , Ma Xiang
Published: February 2025

Organic long‐lived phosphorescent materials demonstrating ultra‐long photoluminescence have practical advantages owing to their flexible design and easy processability. However, the exact photophysical process underpinning the persistent‐luminescent continues to elude full understanding, and the principles governing the compatibility of hosts and guests remain elusive. In this work, a new type of nonradiative energy transfer mechanism is proposed for the bi‐component RTP system. Different from Förster resonance energy transfer or Dexter‐type energy transfer, this energy transfer mechanism primarily relies on a triplet exciplex to exchange the electron. This facilitates the formation of triplet excitons that are otherwise difficult to excite directly. An evaluation methodology is devised to gauge the potential of a specific dopant‐host combination toward generating pronounced afterglow. According to this framework, the enhancement of the afterglow is proportional to the decrease in the activation energy (ΔG≠) associated with the electron transfer reaction between the dopant and the host. Notably, when the ΔG≠ too larger, no observable afterglow occurs, as higher ΔG≠ values significantly impede the electron transfer reaction between the two components. Furthermore, the remarkable dependence of afterglow intensity on the dopant concentration renders the bi‐component RTP system highly promising for applications requiring ultra‐high sensitivity and broad‐spectrum detection capabilities.
Advancing Breath Biomarker Detection with Chemiresistive Metal Oxide Nanostructures: A Pathway to Next‐Generation Diagnostic Tools
Authors: Amu‐Darko Jesse Nii Okai
Published: February 2025

Breath biomarker detection represents a transformative frontier in non‐invasive diagnostics, offering rapid, real‐time insights into health conditions ranging from metabolic disorders to cancer. Metal oxide nanostructures (MONs) have emerged as key materials in this research because of their large surface area, adjustable electrical characteristics, and sensitivity to gaseous biomarkers at trace quantities. This paper examines current advances in chemiresistive MON‐based sensors, focusing on the importance of structural optimization, hybrid material systems, and functionalization strategies in improving performance. Exploring the study of complicated datasets, the prediction of biomarker signatures, and dynamic aims in tuning the quality of the sensors. Functionalization strategies also play a vital role in enhancing the performance of MON‐based sensors. By modifying the surface chemistry of chemiresistive metal oxides, researchers can tailor the sensors to preferentially adsorb certain gaseous biomarkers while minimizing interference from other compounds present in breath. Future opportunities include the development of multimodal sensors, simplified and portable devices, and durable, reusable platforms capable of long‐term operation in real‐world environments. With the confluence of nanotechnology and data‐driven analytics, MON‐based breath sensors have the potential to transform customized healthcare by providing worldwide early detection, illness monitoring, and preventative medication.