bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexões sobre estágio na formação de professores de Educação Física: o Ensino Médio em questão
Authors: Coffani Márcia Cristina Rodrigues da Silva Coffani
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho tece reflexões sobreo planejamento e supervisão de processos de Estágios Supervisionados na formação inicial em Educação Física, no Ensino Médio. Discutem-se os sentidos formativos do estágio na formação de professores, a importância do reconhecimento das peculiaridades históricas e sociais da “escola jovem” no Brasil e a reflexão da função social da Educação Física no Ensino Médio. Apontam-se reflexões e princípios orientadores para o planejamento e supervisão dos processos de estágio no Ensino Médio com a Educação Física, a fim de contribuir com o debate sobre a formação de professores.
Parkour: uma analítica para a educação física à luz da praxiologia motriz
Authors: Brito Andrey Peixoto de , Sousa-Cruz Rodrigo Wanderley de , Santos Rogério Luckwu dos
Published: March 2021

O objetivo do estudo é analisar os elementos da lógica interna do parkour para o campo da Educação Física, a partir da Praxiologia Motriz. A investigação é descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa dos dados, do tipo teórica. Foi utilizada a teoria da ação motriz para análise da prática corporal parkour, a partir de suas principais características e singularidades na busca de uma melhor compreensão da sua lógica interna. Acreditamos que o parkour assume uma função relevante na Educação Física no que concerne a sua singularidade desafiadora e autônoma no trato corporal e na ocupação dos espaços, gerando vivências e aprendizagens nos diferentes percursos realizados e ambientes vividos nas situações psicomotrizes, comotrizes e de incertezas quanto ao meio. Concomitante, a Praxiologia Motriz avança na perspectiva de buscar novas e importantes possibilidades de criações e experiências motrizes para a área da Educação Física.Palavras-chave: Parkour; Lógica interna; Aprendizagem; Educação Física.
História da Educação Física das escolas públicas do município de Icó-CE: inserção e prática docente
Authors: Lima Paulo Rogério de , Nóbrega-Therrien Sílvia Maria
Published: March 2021

Este estudo objetivou constituir a história da Educação Física da Escola de 1º Grau Vivina Monteiro e do Grupo Escolar Professora Lourdes Costa, localizados no município de Icó-CE (Brasil), destacando a inserção e a prática docente nos primeiros anos de implantação. Para isso, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa de caráter histórico, tendo a História Oral como técnica. Assim, este estudo contou com o entrelaçamento da história oral de dois professores aposentados que lecionaram em ambas as escolas, e da análise de documentos. Na instituição de ensino Vivina Monteiro, a Educação Física foi inserida em 1976, e na Professora Lourdes Costa, em 1982. Nessas escolas, a prática docente da Educação Física pautava-se em atividades para melhoria dos níveis de aptidão física e o desempenho de habilidades motoras e esportivas. Essas constatações contribuem para a compreensão histórica da Educação Física nas escolas cearenses, permitindo reflexões críticas sobre a prática dos professores ao longo do tempo.
Building and leveraging the innovation ecosystem and clusters: universities, startups, accelerators, alliances, and partnerships
Authors: Boni Arthur , Gunn Moira
Published: March 2021

This article focuses on the concepts of ecosystems and clusters, with an emphasis on their importance for building vibrant a vibrant and life science/biopharma industry. We illustrate the underlying principles through work published in academic articles and in the popular press. These are highlighted in brief overviews of several mature and emerging ecosystems in the United States, Europe and Australia. The US perspective is based on our own professional life experiences in Boston, Silicon Valley, San Diego, and Pittsburgh, and, with a shorter preview of Philadelphia where we’ve both done business and have close colleagues.  The article ends with a look to the future in a concluding section titled “What’s Coming Next”.  It is our attempt to look at the future of digitally enhanced collaborative innovation.  This is based on our observations during the first 9 months of the Covid-19 pandemic, social distancing, and working from a distance. We ask, what is the potential impact of these emerging digital technologies on work and advancement of the agenda in the life sciences industries? Will the pandemic transform or disrupt the borders and mode of collaboration of traditional definitions of ecosystems and clusters as we define them today?
XCM Biologic Tissue Matrix xenograft and autologous micromucosa graft for vaginal reconstruction in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome
Authors: Gomes Tatiana Gigante , Agostinho Mariana , Cardoso Mariana Conceição , Costa João Nunes da , Matias Júlio
Published: March 2021

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome can be treated through numerous surgical and nonsurgical methods. We present a surgical technique in which a neovagina was reconstructed and shaped by a vaginal expander with acellular porcine dermal matrix (XCM Biologic Tissue Matrix) and mucosal interposition using microfragments harvested from the hymen. In our case, we found this procedure to be safe and effective, resulting in satisfactory sexual function and good cosmetic results, without donor site morbidity. To our best knowledge, this tissue-engineered biomaterial has never been used for vaginal reconstruction before.
Current concept of the surgery-first orthognathic approach
Authors: Choi Jong-Woo , Lee Jang-Yeol
Published: March 2021

Traditional orthognathic surgery has long been performed after presurgical orthodontic treatment. Despite some concerns, the surgery-first orthognathic approach (SFOA) or surgery-first approach (SFA) without presurgical orthodontic treatment has gradually gained popularity. In recent years, several articles dealing with the concepts of the SFA have been published worldwide. However, the SFA has not yet been standardized, and many surgeons use slightly different protocols and concepts. This review article discusses the beginning and evolution of the SFA and its current concepts, including some opinions based on the authors’ clinical experiences over the last 15 years. According to recent investigations, the SFA could be applied effectively in several situations including class III malocclusion, class II malocclusion, and facial asymmetry. However, debate on the SFA continues and many issues remain to be resolved. This review article addresses the current issues regarding the SFOA, including its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its indications and contraindications. The authors summarize various aspects of the SFA and expect that this review article will help surgeons and orthodontists better understand the current status of the SFA.
Single-port robot-assisted prosthetic breast reconstruction with the da Vinci SP Surgical System: first clinical report
Authors: Joo Oh Young , Song Seung Yong , Park Hyung Seok , Roh Tai Suk
Published: March 2021

Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction is currently performed in an attempt to seek smaller and indistinct incisions. Robotic surgery system has been evolving under the concept of minimal invasive technique which is a recent trend in surgery. One of the latest version is the da Vinci SP Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical). In this report, we will share our experiences. Two patients underwent robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy, each followed by immediate robot-assisted expander insertion and prepectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction, respectively. There was no open conversion or major postoperative complication. One patient experienced mild infection, which was resolved by intravenous antibiotic treatment. Simple docking process, multi-joint instruments, and third-arm functionality are among the new surgical system’s advantages. The present cases suggest that robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction using the da Vinci SP Surgical System is feasible and safe. The promising features and potential application of da Vinci SP in breast reconstruction need further study.
Cephalic lateral crural advancement flap
Authors: Bulut Fuat
Published: March 2021

Background In lower lateral cartilage (LLC) surgery, cephalic trimming poses risks for the collapse of the internal and external nasal valves, pinched nose, and drooping deformity. The cephalic lateral crural advancement (CLCA) technique presented herein was aimed at using a flap to increase nasal tip rotation and support the lateral crus, in addition to the internal and external nasal valves, by avoiding grafts without performing excision.

Methods This study included 32 patients (18 female and 14 male) and the follow-up period for patients having undergone primer open rhinoplasty was 12 months. The LLC was elevated from the vestibular skin using the CLCA flap. A cephalic incision was performed without cephalic trimming. Two independent flaps were formed while preserving the scroll ligament complex. The CLCA flap was advanced onto the lower lateral crus while leaving the scroll area intact. The obtained data were analyzed retrospectively.

Results The mean age of the patients was 31.6 years (range, 20–51 years). The Rhinoplasty Outcome Examination scores after 12 months varied from 90 to100 points, and 93% of patients reported perfect satisfaction. At a 1-year follow-up, the patients’ nasal patency (visual analogue scale) rose from 4.56±1.53 (out of 10) to 9.0±0.65 (P<0.001).

Conclusions The CLCA flap led to better nasal tip definition by protecting the scroll area, increasing tip rotation, and supporting the internal and external nasal valves without cephalic excision.
Integration of Palliative Care in the Role of the Oncology Advanced Practice Nurse
Authors: R. Ferrell, RN, PhD, MA, FAAN, FPCN, CHPN Betty , Virani, RNC, MHA, FPCN Rose , Han, BA Elinor , Mazanec, PhD, ACNP-BC, AOCN, FPCN, FAAN Polly
Published: March 2021

Numerous organizations have cited the increasing demand for palliative care in oncology and the challenge of a limited workforce to deliver specialty palliative care. Advanced practitioners in oncology can provide generalist or primary palliative care to complement the care provided by specialists and enhance the overall provision of care. This article reports on a National Cancer Institute–funded training program to prepare advanced practice nurses to incorporate palliative care within their practice. One-year follow-up of the first three national cohorts (N = 276) included evaluation of goal achievement as these nurses integrated palliative care within their oncology practice. Goal analysis reported here demonstrates the success of the training program in impacting practice as well as the barriers to implementation efforts. The advanced practice registered nurses’ implemented goals included extensive training of clinicians across disciplines and numerous systems changes to improve delivery of palliative care. Advanced practice nurses will continue to be a valuable source of extending palliative care into oncology care to support patients and families across the disease trajectory.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures With Secondary Lower Limb Lymphedemas: A Systematic Review
Authors: Eidenberger, PT Mag Margit
Published: March 2021

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures are measures of patients’ health-related quality of life. They should be added to other lymphedema measurements. With an improved disease-free survival of secondary lower limb lymphedema, attention must focus on such assessments. Objective: The objectives of this study were to locate and critically appraise suitable patient-reported outcomes measures for lower limb lymphedemas and search for existing valid translations for native German speakers. Methods: A systematic literature research was conducted. 20 semantical categories for qualitative analysis were evolved. Six questionnaires available in English and some in validated translations remained for analysis. Results: Lower limb lymphedema patients experience poor quality of life, and one of the most critical denominators is skin quality. To establish skin care and prevent cellulitis, patients must learn about skin problems. Only two tools asked for past infections. This is considered crucial because of knowledge building and prophylactic behavior. Questions on movement restrictions were available in one questionnaire. As these have a close connection to one’s ability to perform activities of daily life, they can affect quality of life. Afflicted patients have problems with the choice and availability of clothing. Only three questionnaires asked questions about clothing or shoes. Lymphedema patients are exposed to more psychological stress than healthy subjects, but only three questionnaires covered questions about this burden. There was a lack of reporting on psychometric data (Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation), which hinders the external validity. Analyzed questionnaires were available in English but only one in German. Conclusions: The analyzed questionnaires were in English, and only one was adapted and tested for native German speakers. For clinical practice, Devoogdt’s questionnaire is recommended despite some shortcomings. There is a need for validated lymphedema questionnaires in German.
A nuclear-based quality control pathway for non-imported mitochondrial proteins
Authors: Shakya Viplendra PS , Barbeau William A , Xiao Tianyao , Knutson Christina S , Schuler Max H , Hughes Adam L
Published: March 2021

Mitochondrial import deficiency causes cellular toxicity due to the accumulation of non-imported mitochondrial precursor proteins, termed mitoprotein-induced stress. Despite the burden mis-localized mitochondrial precursors place on cells, our understanding of the systems that dispose of these proteins is incomplete. Here, we cataloged the location and steady-state abundance of mitochondrial precursor proteins during mitochondrial impairment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that a number of non-imported mitochondrial proteins localize to the nucleus, where they are subjected to proteasome-dependent degradation through a process we term nuclear-associated mitoprotein degradation (mitoNUC). Recognition and destruction of mitochondrial precursors by the mitoNUC pathway requires the presence of an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence and is mediated by combined action of the E3 ubiquitin ligases San1, Ubr1, and Doa10. Impaired breakdown of precursors leads to alternative sequestration in nuclear-associated foci. These results identify the nucleus as an important destination for the disposal of non-imported mitochondrial precursors.
A brief saga about open access books
Authors: Stern Niels
Published: March 2021

Monographs and academic books are increasingly becoming a focus point in the open access debate and policy developments. This article gives a personal account of the rationale behind open access book publishing and open infrastructures for books. It elaborates on the need for collaboration between the actors in the community in order to sustain open access book publishing to the benefit of the scholarly community and the public at large.
Force transmission analysis of surface coating materials for multi-fingered robotic grippers
Authors: Erdemir Gökhan
Published: March 2021

Robotic systems are generally used for grasping, carrying, holding, and many similar operations, typically in industrial applications. One of the most important components of robotic systems is robot grippers for the aforementioned operations, which are not only mission-critical but also represent a significant operational cost due to the time and expense associated with replacement. Grasping operations require sensitive and dexterous manipulation ability. As a consequence, tactile materials and sensors are an essential element in effective robot grippers; however, to date, little effort has been invested in the optimization of these systems. This study has set out to develop inexpensive, easily replaced pads, testing two different chemical compositions that are used to produce a tactile material for robot grippers, with the objective of generating cost, time, and environmental savings. Each tactile material produced has its specific individual dimension and weight. First, each of the materials under construction was tested under different constant pressures, and its characteristics were analyzed. Second, each tactile material was mounted on a two-fingered robot gripper and its characteristics. Material characteristics were tested and analyzed as regards their ability to grasp different sizes and types of objects using the two-fingered robot gripper. Based on the analysis of the results the most sensitive and cost-effective material for industrial type multi-fingered grippers was identified.
Evaluation of risk factors associated with the development of MDR- and XDR-TB in a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Saifullah Amna , Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain , Khan Yusra Habib , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Alotaibi Nasser Hadal , Alzarea Abdulaziz Ibrahim , Rasheed Maria
Published: March 2021

Background

Drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) infringes substantial burden in terms of longer treatment duration, morbidity and mortality. Timely identification of patients at risks of DR-TB will aid individualized treatment. Current study was aimed to ascertain several factors associated with DR-TB among patients attending a tertiary care hospital.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted among patients with confirmed diagnosis of DR-TB and drug susceptible TB (DS-TB) seeking medical care from a tertiary care hospital during 2014–2019. The types of DR-TB included were rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). Appropriate statistical methods were implied to evaluate the factors associated with DR-TB.

Results

Out of 580 patients, DS-TB was diagnosed in 198 (34.1%) patients while DR-TB was present in 382 patients. Of resistance cases, RR-TB, MDR-TB and XDR-TB were diagnosed in 176 (30.3%), 195 (33.6%) and 11 (1.9%) patients, respectively. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in demographics and clinico-laboratory characteristics were observed between patients with DS-TB and DR-TB. Logistic regression analysis revealed age ≤38 years (OR: 2.5), single marital status (OR: 11.1), tobacco use (OR: 2.9), previous treatment (OR: 19.2), treatment failure (OR: 9.2) and cavity on chest X-ray (OR: 30.1) as independent risk factors for MDR-TB. However, XDR-TB was independently associated with age group of ≤38 years (OR: 13.6), students (OR: 13.0), previous treatment (OR: 12.5), cavity on chest X-ray (OR: 59.6). The independent risk factors associated with RR-TB are age ≤38 years (OR: 2.8), females (OR: 5.7), unemployed (OR: 41.5), treatment failure (OR: 4.9), previous treatment (OR: 38.2) and cavity on chest X-ray (OR: 4.3). ROC curve analysis accentuate the excellent predictive accuracy of all logistic regression models as shown by AUC (0.968, P < 0.001) for MDR-TB, AUC (0.941, P < 0.001) for XDR-TB and AUC (0.962, P < 0.001) for RR-TB.

Conclusions

Current study demonstrates a sizeable extent of resistant cases among pulmonary TB patients. This study presaged significant risk of DR-TB among females, young adults, unemployed, smokers, patients with previous treatment failure and cavitation on chest X-ray. Timely identification of high risk patients will give pronounced advantages regarding appropriate choices of prevention, treatment and disease control.
La mise en œuvre d’une évaluation des besoins pour un conseil scolaire minoritaire : Interventions psychologiques centrées sur les enfants et les adolescents et basées sur des données probantes
Authors: Firzly Najat , Linares Nicolás Narvaez , Jones Georden , Aubry Tim
Published: March 2021

Une évaluation des besoins a été menée dans un conseil scolaire francophone en Saskatchewan (issu d’une minorité linguistique) pour identifier des interventions basées sur des données probantes. Coping Cat et Incredible Years ont été identifiés dans ce conseil scolaire comme les interventions les plus pertinentes et faisables pour aider les élèves ayant des difficultés d’anxiété et de comportement. De nouvelles pratiques sont suggérées.
Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Extraction Effeciency of N-p-tolyl-N benzohydroxamic Acid towards Certain Metal Ions
Authors: Elamin Nuha Y. , Ali Elmugdad Ahmed
Published: March 2021

The hydroxamic acid was prepared by the partial reduction of p- nitro toluene to give N-p-tolyl hydroxyl amine which was coupled with benzoyl chloride to give N-p-tolyl-N-benzohydroxamic acid.The hydroxamic acid prepared was identified by their characteristic colored reaction with vanadium (V) and iron (lll), melting point, I.R.  spectra, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry.The extractive properties of hydroxamic acids towards the metal ions like Fe (lll), Cu (ll), Ni (ll) and Co (ll) were examined using appropriate organic solvent. N-p- tolyl -N-benzohydroxamic acid was found to have a maximum extraction for Fe (lll) 75.10% at pH 5.0, Cu (ll) 99.81% at pH 5.0, Ni (ll) 59.45% at pH 7.0 and Co (ll) 99.40% at pH 10.0.The  hydroxamic acid was found to extract efficiently metals like Ni (ll) in neutral pH values, Fe (lll), Cu (ll), in pH near to neutral and Co (ll) at alkali pH values.
Natural and Socio-economics Factors Affecting the Household Food Security in Rural Area of Paktia Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Ahmadzai Wali Khan , Aryobi Hussain Gul
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to explore the factors affecting food security in the rural area of Paktia province, Afghanistan. The study was based on household-level data collected from rural areas of all districts of the province. The data were collected from randomly selected 154 households. The respondents were both males and females. A face-to-face interview with a structured questionnaire was done with both male and female household heads. The study recorded 59.1% of households were food insecure, and on average, 48.1% of the household had poor food consumption, while, 38.3% had borderline and 13.6% had acceptable food consumption. Study also calculated food consumption scores and examined the correlation between different factors determining food security. The regression result showed lower-income, farm size, household size, flood, food price, and internal displacement factors determined the food insecurity.
Application of Markers Assisted Selection for Striga Hermonthica Resistance on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Authors: Tamir Habtamu Demelash
Published: March 2021

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. [Moench]) is a staple food crop for smallholder farmers in arid and semi-arid(ASALs) regions worldwide, feeding over 500 million of the world's most resource-poor. Development of Striga Hermonthica resistant cultivars by conventional breeding is slow and have been hampered by the lack of efficient and reliable screening techniques in breeding programs. Molecular markers that are linked to witchweed resistance can expedite the development of resistant cultivars through the adoption of appropriate marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies. Marker-assisted selection involves the selection of genotypes carrying a desirable gene(s) via linked markers; through MAS more rapid transfer of traits from donor parents to more elite locally adapted crop cultivars is possible with simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers which have been initially used to detect polymorphism between the parent cultivars. Although costly to develop relative to some other classes of genetic markers, once developed, analysis by SSR markers is both easy and inexpensive. The highly polymorphic nature (high information content) and other favorable characteristics make them excellent genetic markers for a number of studies including marker-assisted selection and fingerprinting of germplasm collections. In this review, we summarize the molecular markers that are linked to the inheritance trait or low germination stimulant production is one of the recognized mechanisms of witch weed resistance.
Analysis of the Stability and Yield Performance of Biofortified Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes under Low Altitude Conditions
Authors: Ngombo-Nzokwani Augustin , Kalonji-Mbuyi Adrien , Nlandu Pierre Nsumbu , Kanyenga Antoine Lubobo , Muengula-Manyi Marcel
Published: March 2021

The supply of biofortified material to areas affected by malnutrition or micronutrient deficiency remains one of the major concerns of breeders. Nevertheless, this material must be efficient and stable. The evaluation of this performance and stability requires statistical indices. Biofortified genotypes are evaluated for the first time by these indices.

The objective of this work is to analyze the performance and stability of biofortified common bean genotypes under low altitude conditions in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The present contribution uses the evaluation of twenty-six genotypes of biofortified common beans over six crop years using parametric (Wᵢ², σ²ᵢ, s²dᵢ, bi, CVi, θ₍ᵢ₎, θᵢ) and non-parametric (S(1), S(2), S(3), S(6), NP(1), NP(2), NP(3), NP(4), KR, AR) indices for the identification of successful and stable genotypes.

The results indicate the presence of the genotype x year interaction. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows similarities between the indices. Mean sum rank (AR) identifies NYIRAMUHONDO, G59/1-2, CODMLV 086, MBC 23, NABE 4, and K 131 as performing and stable genotypes.

In the end, the best genotypes are those that are both efficient and stable. However, where stability is much more desired in relation to performance, the use of ecovalence (Wi) is more appropriate in the stability calculation.
Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on Callusing and root colonization of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Clones in Kenya
Authors: Chelangat Awa , Gweyi-Onyango Joseph P. , Korir Nicholas K. , Mwangi Maina
Published: March 2021

Mycorrhizal fungi are a major component of the soil micro flora in many ecosystems, but usually have limited saprophytic abilities. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important component of soil life and soil chemistry. In soil, phosphorus may be present in relatively large amounts, but much of it is poorly available because of the very low solubility of phosphates by formation of complexes with iron, aluminum, and calcium, leading to soil solution concentrations of 10μm or less and very low mobility. Tea is a major income earner in the country, but yields are declining since high yielding tea varieties have a major problem with rooting and take so long in the nursery. The current study was initiated to investigate the role between Mycorrhizae and plants to explain rooting and growth rates during early stages of tea establishment. It was conducted at James Finlay in Kericho County, Kenya. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements. Phosphorus treatments consisted of a standard rate of 107.66kg ha -1, two clones of the tea (S15/10 and SC 12/28) and two mycorrhizal strains (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) plus one control without mycorrhizae. Data was collected on rate of callusing, chlorophyll content and rate of root infection by mycorrhizal fungus. Application of 50kg Mycorrhizae ha-1 exhibited the highest callusing rate on clone SC 15/10 with significant differences (P≤0.05) observed on the chlorophyll content from week 1 to week 30 where the standard application of phosphorus plus 50kg Mycorrhizae ha-1 on clone S 15/10 had the highest content consistently throughout the trial. The highest frequency of mycorrhizae colonization in the rhizosphere was observed when 70kg ha-1 was added under clone SC 12/28. AMF strains are recommended for use on tea propagation in improving callusing rate and the chlorophyll content at a rate of 50kg Mycorrhizae ha-1.
Phytochemical Evaluation and Antioxidant Capacity of Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus pulmonarius in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Aruwa G. , Adenipekun C. O. , Ogunbanwo S. T. , Akinbode E. O.
Published: March 2021

Aims: To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties of two selected mushrooms in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Study Design: An experimental and descriptive study was conducted using the fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum collected from the Botanical garden University of Ibadan and Pleurotus pulmonarius which was bought from a local store in Ibadan. Successive extraction was done on the mushrooms with four solvents of increasing polarity that is from the non-polar (N-hexane) to a more polar solvent(water).Phytochemical and antioxidant analysis were then carried out on the extract fractions.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria and Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria  between May 2018 and February 2020.

Methodology: The N-Hexane, Ethyl acetate, Ethanol and Aqueous extract fraction of Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus pulmonarius were analyzed in different system, including DPPH, Ferric ion Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC). The various antioxidant activities were compared to the standard ascorbic acid. Phytochemical include: Phenol, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Steroids, Saponins, Terpenoids Anthraquinones, and Cardiac glycosides were also analysed.

Results: The Phytochemical screening result shows the presence of Phenol, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Steroids, Saponins, Terpenoids Anthraquinones, and Cardiac glycosides. The quantitative phytochemical screening revealed that the Ethyl acetate fraction of Ganoderma lucidum recorded the highest percentage of Alkaloids (41.70±0.14%) while the Ethanolic fraction of Pleurotus pulmonarius has the lowest percentage of Tannins (0.10±0.24%).  DPPH scavenging activity of the Ethanolic extract fraction of Ganoderma lucidum (at 200 µg/ml) was 94.96% higher than that of Pleurotus pulmonarius (22.39%). The extract fraction of all the mushrooms possesses significant TAC content with N-Hexane and Ethyl acetate fraction having the highest. The results of the DPPH, FRAP, and TAC assays indicate that both mushrooms examined showed significant antioxidant activities. Among these, Ganoderma lucidum extract seems to be more effective antioxidant. The antioxidant activity of theses mushrooms has significant importance as it greatly contribute to their nutraceutical properties thus enhancing their nutritive value. Cultivation and production of dietary supplements from Ganoderma lucidum is highly recommended.

Conclusion: The Mushrooms species analyzed have demonstrated to be good sources of phytochemical and antioxidants hence it can be recommended to pharmaceutical industries for the manufacturing of drugs.
Design and Development of Polycarbonate Dryer Assisted Bio-Composter
Authors: Sriram M. , Pavithiran R. , Anand M. Tito , Vidyalakshmi R.
Published: March 2021

Household Food Wastes are causes major environmental problem and health risk problems during dumping into landfilling, sewage and garbage. If household food waste does not short it down in advances, it leads to huge contribution over Municipal Solid Waste. In India, nearly 40% of consumption waste occurs in current status. The present study focused on compost production using household food waste and culture mixed were pour into the fabricated bio-composter bin which can be placed in a polycarbonate dryer to increase the rate of microbial growth concentration, maintain the optimum temperature and make odor free environment. Presented design and fabrication of polycarbonate dryer assisted bio-composter model was done by using Computer-Aided Design (CAD). Further studies, a preliminary design and fabricated design were handled to take different formulation of composting ratio were incorporated and the physio-chemical testing were estimated. According to the composting observation, recovery of compost was higher yield obtained within a short period due to faster degradation with help stable microbes. Especially, this design was well planned, low cost setup approach and reassembled parts used, due to customer preference. Comparing to the different trails runs for the preliminary and final fabricated design, R1 and R4 trail runs showed 93% efficiency with minimum digestion loss and the optimized parameter value resulted for plant growth. The overall performance of this composter brings a solution for household seekers to utilize the food waste discard to zero waste success.
Cajanus Cajan (l.) Millsp Aqueous Extracts against Melanoma Cell Line and their Proteases
Authors: Teixeira E. M. G. F. , Silva-López R. E. , Silva B. R. A. Da , Fontão A. P. G. A. , Sampaio A. L. F.
Published: March 2021

Aims: Extract proteins with protease inhibitor (PI) activity from fresh organs of Cajanus cajan, using aqueous systems; study the activity of melanoma secreted proteases; investigate inhibitory effect of C. cajan extracts on melanoma proteases; and evaluated the effect of the extract, with the most protease inhibitor activity, on melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-28) viability.

Material and Methods: Extracts of C. cajan leaves, stems, and roots were prepared using different aqueous systems. Protein content was evaluated by Bradford method, protein profile by gel electrophoresis by Laemmli method and, extracts PI activity against trypsin, papain, and pepsin. Melanoma cell line was cultured in Dulbecco's medium, and secreted proteases was obtained from culture supernatant. Characterization of melanoma proteases included substrates activity, optimum pH, and effect of specific PIs and cations on protease activity. Anticancer activity was investigated using C. cajan extracts (containing PIs) and SK-MEL-28 extracellular fraction (containing proteases). Cytotoxic effect of extract was assayed on SK-MEL-28 cells line using methylthiazol tetrazolium method. CC-P was submitted to thin layer chromatography to identify alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins and terpenes.

Results: C. cajan extracts showed different protein contents and protein profiles in electrophoresis analysis. C. cajan organs presented PIs activities against serine, cysteine, and aspartic proteases. Leaf extract prepared using phosphate buffer (CC-P) and stems extract prepared with water (CC-CA) had the best inhibitory activities against trypsin (~58%). Pepsin was the lowest inhibited (11-29%) and papain was the most inhibited (14-100%). Protease activity of melanoma fraction was the highest using casein as substrate, and two proteins with 150 and 100 kDa with gelatinase activity. These proteases has maximal activity at pH 7.0 and 9.0, and was importantly inhibited by benzamidine, 1,10-phenanthroline and EDTA, suggesting that serine and metalloproteases are secreted by SK-MEL-28 cells. CC-P was the most important inhibitor of melanoma proteases, and induced cytotoxicity on SK-MEL-28 cells in culture. Although there is correlation between melanoma protease inhibition and cell death, CC-P has secondary metabolites, as coumarins, flavonoids and terpenes that can have synergy of antitumor activity.

Conclusion: C. cajan extracts have serine, cysteine, and aspartic protease inhibitor activities. CC-P had the best inhibition on melanoma proteases and it was also cytotoxic to melanoma cell in culture. Therefore, these PIs can be important strategy for cancer treatment because tumor cells secrete proteases that are crucial to cancer progression.
Parasitic Infections among Independent Refuse Disposal Workers in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwadiuto Eze Chinwe , Sam Mbah Kelechi
Published: March 2021

Background: A study was carried out to ascertain the prevalence of parasitic infections among independent refuse disposal workers in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, and to ascertain the risk factors that enhance their vulnerability to parasitic infections.

Aims: The study was undertaken to determine parasitic infections among independent refuse

disposal workers in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Methods: Urine, stool and blood specimens were collected from 210 male refuse disposal workers. Standard parasitological procedures were employed in sample collection and examinations for the presence of various parasitic organisms.

Results:  Results showed 86.2% of the subjects were infected with Plasmodium sp, 94.3% were infected with one or more of 9 parasitic species, of which hookworm had the highest prevalence (91.4%). Others included are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Taenia sp, Strongyloides stercoralis, Enterobius vermicularis, Schistosoma mansoni, Entamoeba hystolytica, Girdia lamblia. Schistosoma haematobium was not recovered from the urine specimens. Age group 26-29 years had the highest malaria prevalence of 89.1%, followed by age group 18-21 years (88.4%) while parasitic infection rate was highest among the age group 18-21(97.6%). Refuse disposal workers who reside in Rumuokoro camp had the highest malaria and intestinal parasites followed by Eneka. Poly-parasitism with A. lumbricoides and hookworm recorded the highest prevalence of 58 (27.8%) and fifteen subjects had triple poly-parasitism, with A. lumbricoides, hookworm and T. trichiura. Only 49 of the 210 respondents used one or more of the various personal protective equipment, while 161 used none at all.

Conclusion: Intestinal parasitic infection is highly prevalent among the independent refuse disposal workers in Port Harcourt. Inadequate use of personal protective equipment, poor personal hygiene and deplorable living conditions were identified as the major risk factors that enhanced transmission. It is therefore, imperative that the government enforces the use of personal protective equipment, implementation of preventive chemotherapy with health education to reduce morbidity and control transmission among the workers.
COVID-19 Knowledge among Healthcare Professionals in Gombe, Northeast, Nigeria: A Quick Online Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Ibrahim Rabiu , Yakubu Abdulsalam , Girei Ahmed Iya , Umar Danladi Muhammed
Published: March 2021

Aims: Despite control measures adopted to check the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria, healthcare workers still face a serious threat to infection due to SARS-CoV-2 virus. Adherence to control measures by healthcare workers depends on their knowledge. This study aimed to determine the knowledge of COVID-19 and related infection control practices among healthcare professionals in Gombe State.
Mythology: A cross sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals in Gombe. Relying on our network with the healthcare professionals, 500 participants were recruited into the study using simple random sampling method.  The data were collected using online questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic questions and 17questions based on knowledge and infection control practices related to COVID-19 disease in the healthcare setting adapted from a study in India. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 at uni-variate and bivariate levels with p value at < 0.05.
Results: Close to three-fourth (72.1%) of the participants reported correct answer about knowledge of COVID-19, thus overall knowledge was found to be adequate for all subgroups. About four-fifth (78.9%) of doctors’ responses were correct. and the lowest (65.5%) was from CHOs, Laboratory assistants and health recorders. 43.7% of the participants could correctly define “close contact.” More than three-fourths of the participants knew the various infection control measures like rapid triage, respiratory hygiene, and cough etiquette and having a separate, well ventilated waiting area for suspected COVID-19 patients. However, less than half (47.8) of the participants were aware of the correct sequence for the application of a mask/respirator, and 62.2% of them knew the preferred hand hygiene method for visibly soiled hands.
Conclusion: Regular health educational programs aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge and infection control are needed.
History in Store: A Study of a Prototype Archaeology Site at Gbaagbum Village in Gwer West Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Thaddeus Kyegh, Aov
Published: March 2021

Aim: To bring to light a prototype archaeology site at Gbaagbum village in Gwer West Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Data for the study was gotten through primary and secondary sources. These includes oral interviews, observation and documentation from field work, and written / archival records respectively.

Study Design: The study items were from Gbaagbum village and the research evaluation of the items found at the site revealed that the site was home to unknown occupants before the present settlers.

Place and Duration of Study: Gbaagbum village in Gwer West Local Government Area (LGA) of Benue State, Nigeria.

Methodology: There was physical observation of the culture materials found at the site and through oral interview sessions conducted further revelations were made.

Results: Findings revealed that it was once an abandoned site for an unknown migrant community who occupied the area, but relocated before the present occupants. Furthermore, the study revealed a tunnel with complete and pieces of pots and a human jaw in the first chamber. There was a big open pot which serve as a lid to the second chamber. The paper suggests that a more comprehensive and professional archaeological / historical study be conducted at the site and within the Ityôshin area to unearth a history of the originators of the cultural materials that were accidentally discovered. The use of modern archaeological equipment, methods and principles can be greatly relied upon in this regard. To conclude a lot still needs to be done in archaeology especially in the remote areas like the Gbaagbum Village of Benue State, Nigeria.
Geno-Protective, Free Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Potential of Hyptis suaveolens Methanolic Fraction: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Iqbal Danish , Dukhyil Abdulaziz Bin , Khan M. Salman
Published: March 2021

Aims: Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit, is one of the natural herbs with several medicinal properties. However, many medicinal aspects of this herb still need to be explored. Therefore, our aim was to examine the antioxidant, antimicrobial properties and genoprotective effect of H. suaveolens methanolic extracts (HSME) of seed, stem, and root.

Study design: extraction and therapeutic aspects of H. suaveolens.

Place and Duration of Study: 1) Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah and 2) Clinical Biochemistry & Natural Product research laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, lucknow between 2018-2020.

Methodology: HSME were extracted through soxhlet extractor and further analyzed for TPC, antioxidant activity through DPPH and FRAP assay followed by antimicrobial potential through zone of inhibition and MIC/MBC assay. We also examined the genoprotective properties of HSME on oxidative DNA damage.

Results: Our results showed that TPC (180±5 mg GAE/g dw), DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 value = 72±0.45 µg/ml) and FRAP value (1.443±0.02 µM ferrous ion/mg extract) was highest in HSME seeds followed by root and stem. The results also illustrated that the antimicrobial activity of HSME (seed and stem) against five bacterial strain were found very effective than root part. Moreover, genoprotective effect of HSME seeds (80±3 % retention) was better than stem (41±2 %) and root (32±2 %) extract.

Conclusion: The study revealed that HSME seed extract showed potential bioactivities might be due to presence of high TPC and can be used to treat diseases related with oxidative stress or microbial infections.
In Hospital Frequency of Heart Failure in STEMI after Thrombolysis in Patient with Diabetes
Authors: Mueed Abdul , Rathi Nandlal , Kazi Shazia , Sachdewani Raj Kumar , Shahzad . , Ashraf Jibran
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of heart failure after thrombolysis in STEMI patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methodology: Through a prospective study we have enrolled all the diabetic patients who presented with acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) having age more than 35 years and less than 70 years who underwent pharmacological revascularization both males and females were included in this study. Patients with previous history of revascularization, end stage kidney, liver or heart disease, known advanced valvular heart disease, pregnant women, and those who develop serious complication related to streptokinase were excluded from our study. Echocardiography was done immediately after thrombolysis then after 3 days and then before discharge of the patients to determine the frequency of heart failure. Baseline and clinical data were entered and analysed using SPSS and a chi square test and p-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: A total of 175 patients were finally analysed and most of them were males as compared to females, 63.42% (N = 111) vs. 36.57% (N = 64), respectively. Mean age and SD of the patients was 55.90±10.49 years and mean duration of DM was 12.95±8.40 years. The overall frequency of heart failure in patients with post-STEMI was 56% (N = 98) and their mean ejection fraction was 38.46±8.20%. Frequency of heart failure in diabetic post-STEMI thrombolysed patients was significantly observed higher with increased age, increased duration of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking (p≤0.05).

Conclusion: High prevalence of heart failure was observed in diabetic patients admitted with acute STEMI and underwent thrombolysis. The burden is even higher in males having age more than 55 years.
Chemical composition and nutritional value of leaves and pods of Leucaena leucocephala, Prosopis laevigata and Acacia farnesiana in a xerophilous shrubland
Authors: Campos Cecilia C. Zapata- , García-Martínez José E. , Chavira Jaime Salinas , Valdés Juan A. Ascacio , Morales Miguel A. Medina , Mellado Miguel
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional value of three leguminous trees heavily selected by goats in a xerophilous shrubland. Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of leaves and pods from leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), mesquite (Prosopis laevigata), and huisache (Acacia farnesiana) is presented. Crude protein (CP) ranged from 17.3% for leaves of huisache to 21.9% for leucaena. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content ranged from 39.0 to 40.3 with no difference among fodder threes. Across tree species, mean IVDMD was 61.6% for pods and 52.2% for leaves. IVDMD for leaves was highest (p < 0.01) for leucaena (54.9%) and lowest for huisache (47.3%). Condensed tannins in an acetonic extract were highest for leaves of huisache (45.3 mg CE/g DM) and lowest for mesquite (25.9 mg CE/g DM). Pods and leaves of huisache presented the highest number of secondary metabolites, mainly related to hydroxybenzoic acid and flavonols; leucaena and mesquite presented mainly flavonols and anthocyanins. It was concluded that leaves and pods of leucaena, mesquite, and huisache constitute valuable forages for ruminant livestock due to their low fiber, high CP levels, moderate in vitro fermentation characteristics and high mineral content.