bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cake Theory of Credit
Authors: Hirvelä Jaako , Lasonen-Aarnio Maria ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: July 2022

The notion of credit plays a central role in virtue epistemology and in the literature on moral worth. While virtue epistemologists and ethicists have devoted a significant amount of work to providing an account of creditable success, a unified theory of credit applicable to both epistemology and ethics, as well as a discussion of the general form it should take, are largely missing from the literature. Our goal is to lay out a theory of credit that seems to underlie much of the discussion in virtue epistemology, which we dub the Cake Theory. We argue that given the goals that virtue epistemologists and ethicists who discuss moral worth have, this theory is problematic, for it makes credit depend on the wrong facts.
New species of sabellariids (Annelida: Sabellariidae) from the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Chávez-López Yessica
Published: July 2022

In the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, 15 species of sabellariids have been described. Since Kirtley’s (1994) worldwide review, at least seven species have not been re-recorded for this region. Therefore, the aims of this contribution were: a) to review the sabellariids held in scientific collections, b) to generate standardized descriptions, and c) to provide taxonomic identification keys for the species of the region. The sabellariids of two Mexican and one US scientific collection were reviewed. Five new species are described: Lygdamis pechi sp. nov. from Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico, Mariansabellaria caribbea sp. nov. from Quintana Roo, Mexico, Phalacrostemma danieli sp. nov. from southwest of Grenada, Tetreres israeli sp. nov. from the Virgin Islands, and T. oscari sp. nov. from Florida. Another morphospecies, Phalacrostemma sp., is characterized by a single incomplete specimen from the Bahamas. Also, new records of Phalacrostemma perkinsi Kirtley, 1994, and P. dorothyae Kirtley, 1994 were made.
The validity of a decentralised simulation-based system for the resolution of Road traffic congestion
Authors: Etinosa Noma-Osaghae , Kennedy Okokpujie , Famoroti Daniel , Samuel John
Published: July 2022

Intelligent transport systems are cheaper and easier to implement than other forms of solutions to road traffic congestion. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) allow information about road traffic to be collected and transmitted to the Traffic Controllers to respond to traffic congestion appropriately. This research study aims to design and test a simulation-based intelligent transport system for predicting traffic flow patterns. The simulation-based system proposed has a decentralised configuration. Road sections are isolated digitally in a decentralised structure and fed relevant information to predict future traffic states and transmit predicted information to other road sections. Two models of control configuration are created based on the same road network, the first is a decentralised model, and the second is a centralised model (no isolated road sections) to be used as a data source for the decentralised model. The simulated system used decentralised model configurations to predict traffic patterns at road intersections. Due to the lack of actual traffic data, a centralised model serves as the digital twin for the designed decentralised model. The two models were simulated using Anylogic Personal Learning Edition 8.5.2. simulation software, and after testing and result extraction, it was discovered that the decentralised model configuration was not valid for representing the non-uniformity of actual-world traffic patterns. The decentralised model had too few similar inflow and outflow rates to the centralised model in both the complex and straightforward road network cases. However, the decentralised model scored 89% in vehicle population density compared to the centralised model in the simple road network case but could not replicate the good result when the road network becomes complex.
Evaluation of the physical and rheology properties of rubberized asphalt cement
Authors: Salih Anmar , Dhafir Hussain
Published: July 2022

Asphalt cement is a viscoelastic substance that operates like an elastic solid at low service temperatures or under rapid loading. Whenever loaded slowly or at high temperatures, it behaves like a viscous liquid. This classic duality necessitates enhancing the efficiency of an asphalt binder to decrease stress cracking at cold temperatures (fatigue) and plastic deformation at hot temperatures (rutting). The use of polymer-modified asphalt binder is one solution for satisfying today's pavement performance standards. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of asphalt cement modifiers on the physical and rheological properties of asphalt cement. This study used asphalt cement with a penetration grade of 40-50, modified with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) at four different levels of modification, specifically 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% by weight of asphalt cement. Depending on Rotational viscosity and dynamic shear rheometer, and the traditional test. The mixes modified with SBR polymer showed enhanced physical and rheology characteristics, with decreased penetration and ductility and increased viscosity and softening point, as well as a lower rutting factor, indicating an increase in rutting resistance, according to the experimental data. The performance grade for original asphalt cement was 64-16, and for SBR at 2% additive, the original PG was improved to PG70-16. Adding 4% additive to asphalt cement improved the performance grade to PG76-16, and using 6% increased the performance grade to PG82-16.
Full-Scale Observation of Propeller Cavitation on a U.S Coast Guard Ship
Authors: Wilson Michael B.
Published: July 2022

This paper provides results of full-scale video observations of underway cavitating propeller operation and corresponding vibration acceleration measurements taken in the stem region of the U.S. Coast Guard Seagoing Buoy Tender WLB 201 JUNIPER. Selected results are presented from two different trial periods: before and after the ship was fitted with flow improvement fins designed to deal with the very poor propeller inflow velocity distribution and the resulting troublesome inboard noise performance related to propeller cavitation. An important the objective of this work was to try to interpret the trends of ship vibration and noise responses in terms of observed propeller cavitation phenomena.
Bubble Capture Tests with a Large Hydrofoil Towing Tank Test
Authors: Latorre R. , Billard J. Y. , Moutant F. , Roussel O.
Published: July 2022

The interaction of gas bubbles with a vortex is investigated experimentally to clarify the role of the initial bubble position on its trajectory around the tip vortex shed from a large hydrofoil. The experiments performed with 4-6 mm bubbles show they can undergo no capture, quick capture into the tip vortex or slow capture with a spiral trajectory around the vortex. The results also reveal a scaling problem, analysis of the bubbles shows that while the bubbles in the large-scale foil tests, have a spherical -elliptical shape when they are scaled to cavitation tunnel they are spherical microbubbles.
Experimental Prediction of Transverse Planing Hull Dynamics for Use in Computer Simulation
Authors: Arguin Wayne R. , Connors Timothy J. , Troesch Armin W.
Published: July 2022

Traditionally, boat designers rely on numerous expensive, time-consuming scaled-model tests to predict hydrodynamic forces acting on planing hulls. The authors completed roll decrement experiments using a torsion bar to force oscillation while measuring roll displacement, roll acceleration, and the forces/ moments in six degrees of freedom at varying forward velocities, yaw angles, and initial roll angles. Future analysis of roll (and roll coupled) hydrodynamic coefficients will be investigated by least square approximation using over-determinant matrix manipulation with comparisons to coefficient prediction methods developed by Brown and Klosinski as well as Lewandowski. Results can be used to compare current methods to theoretically determine the hydrodynamic roll damping, stiffness, added mass, and roll coupling terms.
Analytical and Experimental Evaluation of the Behaviour of a Semi-Displacement Monohull in Waves
Authors: Sampaia C. M. P. , Nishimoto K. , Russo A. A. , Hirata K. , da Silva S.
Published: July 2022

The increase ·of the market for high-speed vessels and the related technical requirements have been responsable for the search of better understanding and development of reliable tools for the estimation and prediction of the seakeeping behavior. As a result, a research program on high-speed monohulls was created whose objectives are related to the improvement of computer and experimental techniques (towing tank and full scale tests) for evaluation of the vessels' characteristics in waves and the development of specific knowledge for design purposes.

The vessel, which has been chosen for this study, is a high-speed round-bilge monohull. This initial work has been divided in three steps that is, a computer analysis has been undertaking by employing of the traditional "strip method", the construction of a fiberglass model for towing tank tests and, finally, a full scale experiment has been carried out. The description of the model and full scale experimental procedure are presented, the transfer functions and statistics compared and the results analyzed and explained.
Test Apparatus for Conducting Research into Vortex-Induced Vibration of Marine Risers at High Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Spencer Don
Published: July 2022

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and vortex-induced motion (VIM) pose a significant hydrodynamic challenge for offshore risers and platforms respectively. Von Karmen vortex sheets that are periodically shed from bluff bodies induce time-varying lift forces on the body. If the body is not rigid these lift forces can induce significant motion or vibrations, greatly reducing fatigue life. The DeepStar JIP in 2001 contracted Oceanic Consulting Corporation to perform fundamental research into the nature of the forces. A specialized test apparatus was developed to tow a 6 m long segment of a 0.325 m diameter marine riser. A unique feature of the apparatus is its ability to operate in the transcritical regime with Reynolds numbers exceeding 106. The apparatus has two basic modes of operation free VIV and forced VIV and within each of these modes several test variation are possible. In the free mode the test cylinder was mounted on a system of springs and allowed to freely oscillate. In forced mode the cylinder is constrained to follow a sinusoidal motion with prescribed amplitude and frequency. This paper describes the apparatus and illustrates some of the basic results.
Evaluation of a Dynamic Positioning Thruster Wave Using Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: El Lababidy S. , Bose N. , Liu P. , Di Felice F.
Published: July 2022

Thrusters working at low advance coefficients are employed in a wide range of offshore and marine applications on Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) systems; shuttle tankers; tug boats; and mobile offshore units. Therefore, an understanding of the flow around the thrusters is of great practical interest. Despite this interest, there is lack of knowledge in the description of the hydrodynamic characteristics of thrusters wake at bollard pull and low advance coefficient values.

This work was aimed at providing detailed data about the hydrodynamic characteristics of a Dynamic Positioning (DP) thruster wake flow at different low advance coefficient values. Wake measurements were made during cavitation tunnel tests carried out on a ducted propeller model at the Italian Ship Model Basin (INSEAN), Rome, Italy. Through these experiments, the DP thruster far wake velocity components at different downstream axial planes, up to 15 diameters downstream, were obtained using a Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) system in the INSEAN cavitation tunnel. These experiments were carried out at two different advance coefficient (J) values [bollard pull (J = 0), and J = 0.4].
Facility Upgrades at the U.S. Naval Academy Hydromechanics Laboratory
Authors: Zseleczky John
Published: July 2022

The United States Naval Academy (USNA) is located on a prime piece of Annapolis real estate that overlooks the mouth of the Severn River. The yard (campus) is bordered by water on two of four sides. This makes it easy to access the large fleet of sailing dinghies, ocean going sail training craft and 108 foot long yard patrol craft on which our future naval officers train.

On the night of September 18, 2003, a storm surge created by hurricane Isabel raised the waters in the Severn eight feet above the normal astronomical tide line (Beven and Cobb, 2003). A storm surge of this magnitude was unprecedented and flooded many of the buildings at the academy which brought about an unplanned re-build of many of the expensive lab facilities located on the ground floor. This paper provides an overview of upgrades made to the Hydromechanics Laboratory (NAHL) in the recovery from this disaster. On a positive note, the NAHL is now in much better condition than it was before Isabel.
DDG 1000 Large Scale Experimentation
Authors: Carrico Todd
Published: July 2022

In the spring of 2005, NAVSEA PMS 500 initiated a model experiment program to quantify the intact dynamic stability and seakeeping performance of a large-scale DDG 1000 model operating in a random wind driven seaway for extended periods of time. A secondary task was the measurement of calm water maneuvering performance. The Seakeeping Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD) was given the responsibility of performing these tasks. NSWCCD personnel developed and tested a free running radio controlled 20th scale model. Model 5643 was constructed to represent the DDG 1000 hull Baseline 5.2 configuration. It was operated in the Chesapeake Bay at the Patuxent River Naval Air Station during the spring and fall of 2006. This paper discusses the two year NSWCCD technological effort. Specifically, it addresses the design, construction, instrumentation, and testing aspects of this unique experiment.
Model Testing of a Ship-Whale Collision
Authors: Slutsky Jonathan
Published: July 2022

Collisions between oceangoing vessels and large whales (shipstrikes), while rare, are not unheard of. Naval Surface Warfare Carderock Division was contracted to perform a model scale experiment to characterize the nature, likelihood and severity of a shipstrike. Encounters between a fully appended commercial container ship type hull and an instrumented model of a North Atlantic right whale were conducted at a range of ship speeds, whale positions, and orientations. Accelerations experienced by the whale model were recorded and analyzed to measure the severity of collisions, and the danger zone ahead of the moving ship model was identified.
Modeling Paravanes for Seakeeping Tests of Fishing Vessels
Authors: Akinturk Ayhan , Cumming David , Bass Donald
Published: July 2022

In a recent study to evaluate the occupational risks induced by ship motions on the fishing fleet of Newfoundland, a model of a 65’ fishing vessel fitted with paravanes was tested in the Offshore Engineering Basin (OEB) of IOT. This project was done under a larger umbrella community initiative called SafetyNet to evaluate health and safety issues of the fishing industry. The particular focus of this project was to evaluate motion induced interruptions onboard the fishing vessels for various operational scenarios. Paravanes are the most common motion reducing devices used on Newfoundland fishing vessels. Paravanes were initially modelled by scaling down both the geometry and the weight using Froude scaling laws. This modeling strategy proved to be unsuccessful and several modifications to the paravanes were required throughout the test program.

This paper describes the model seakeeping tests done at IOT with particular focus on the challenges encountered in modeling the paravanes. Some of the model test, sea trial and numerical prediction results obtained with and without paravanes deployed are included in the paper.
Unindo o divino e o humano: um mergulho nos detalhes e simbolismos de três Virgens medievais
Authors: Garcez Luciane Ruschel Nascimento
Published: July 2022

Este artigo desenvolve uma reflexão sobre como os detalhes podem revelar os simbolismos que geram significados na imagem, e de como os artistas representaram referências a outras áreas das artes na escultura em questão. O estudo parte de três esculturas medievais que figuram a Virgem Maria e o Menino Jesus, e estabelecem diálogos sobre o caráter humano e divino de Maria na iconologia cristã. O culto mariano teve grande apelo no medievo e as esculturas escolhidas são obras que figuram estilos diferenciados. Uma escultura representa a Virgem humanizada, a outra apresenta-se como um relicário composto, e a última é uma imagem de Maria humanizada, imersa em dor.
O Jardim de Três Deusas: a representação como experiência de si em Nicola Constantino
Authors: Sarinho Rafaela Lins Travassos , Costa Carlos Eduardo Félix da
Published: July 2022

O artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a obra O verdadeiro jardim nunca é verde (2016), de Nicola Costantino, uma releitura de O jardim das delícias (1490-1500), de Bosch. A obra desdobra-se em três atos, sob o signo de três figuras mitológicas femininas: Tétis, Afrodite/Vênus e Ártemis/Diana. Será argumentado que, nessa obra, a representação oferece uma possibilidade de indagar sobre a realidade e apresenta-se como um gesto de interpretação ativo, que reformula o modo de aparição das coisas. Tal gesto permite a Costantino praticar conjecturas de si e, ao enfatizar a dimensão produtiva da representação, construir uma experiência pessoal transformadora.
Da beleza ao horror, da ditadura à resistência: a ressignificação de paisagens em Postcards from Brazil
Authors: Santos Ana Carolina Lima , Vilela Isabela de Souza
Published: July 2022

Este artigo investiga a obra Postcards from Brazil, realizada em 2016 por Gilvan Barreto, na qual fotografias de paisagens difundidas durante a ditadura civil-militar brasileira são transformadas em cartões-postais que, retalhados, passam a referenciar assassinatos ocorridos nos locais retratados. Busca-se, aqui, apreender de que forma a ressignificação dessas imagens visa o passado autoritário sob a ótica da reconstrução da verdade e da memória sobre a violência ditatorial. O artigo reflete sobre a noção de paisagem, inclusive no que diz respeito à sua constituição histórica. Em seguida, analisa como o artista a subverte em seus predicados imaginados na medida em que inscreve os crimes no espaço, dando visibilidade aos horrores da ditadura, em um mecanismo de resistência voltado para as vítimas, então eternizadas nos vazios impostos à paisagem.
Traços de desenvolvimento profissional de professores de música: construção da docência e a significação das relações e das práticas na educação básica
Authors: Gaulke Tamar Genz , Ponciano Ana Clara da Silva , Amorim Fernanda Gomes de
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho advém de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo geral compreender como ocorre o processo de desenvolvimento profissional do professor de música da região da grande Natal a partir da sua relação com a escola de educação básica. A pesquisa foi realizada partindo das ideias da tese de Autor, utilizando-se também da visão conceitual de lugar de Tuan, de desenvolvimento profissional de Nóvoa e de construção biográfica de Delory-Momberger, bem como a pesquisa autobiográfica. O estudo foi realizado por meio de entrevistas narrativas com quatro professores licenciados, experientes e atuantes em escolas de educação básica, pensando a escola na complexidade de sua dimensão espacial. Os resultados sinalizam que o desenvolvimento profissional de professores de música depende do entendimento e do reconhecimento do ser docente na escola, da relação e vinculação entre professor, alunos e música e da compreensão do que aprendem na e com a escola.
Medical genetic technologies in the biosafety system: a risk-based approach
Authors: Yudin Egor Vital'evich
Published: July 2022

The subject of the research is the legal mechanisms of regulation of public relations in the field of medical genetic technologies as an element of the biological security system of Russia. The purpose of the reasearch is to analyze the legal regulation of medical genetic technologies as an integral part of biosafety, taking into account their inherent features, to identify an assessment of the effectiveness of existing rationing mechanisms and to propose new more effective legal mechanisms. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific and special methods. The general scientific methods include system, structural-functional, formal-logical (deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis) methods. To achieve the purpose of the research work, special methods of legal science are also used: formal legal, legal modeling and others. The result of the research was the identification of a low-effective legal mechanism for regulating medical genetic technologies as an integral part of biosafety existing in domestic legislation. In this regard, we have proposed some directions for improving the current regulatory framework in the field of public relations under consideration. The results obtained can be used in educational activities in the courses "Social law", "Medical law". The novelty of the research work lies in the fact that for the first time medical genetic technologies are considered as an element of the biological security system of Russia, taking into account the characteristic features and social significance inherent in this type of genetic technologies, which were also highlighted for the first time. Also, the novelty is expressed in the parameters developed by the author for attributing medical genetic technologies to technologies of low, medium or high probability of occurrence of risks, which we have also identified. Based on the results of the study, we came to the conclusion that it is necessary to design truly effective legal mechanisms for regulating medical genetic technologies based on the proposals we have put forward to ensure the legally permissible level of biosafety in Russia when using medical genetic technologies.
Databases of visual sources in the Internet: problems of heuristics (based on the example of studying the history of the Southern coast of Crimea in the early XX century)
Authors: Karagodin Andrey Vasil'evich
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the experience gained by the author in the course of working with three online databases of visual historical sources in the context of studying the transformation of the Southern Coast of Crimea in the late XIX - early XX centuries. They are: the electronic State Catalog of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation, as well as two crowdsourcing platforms - Pastview and Retromap.ru . The author examines the origin, format, structure of these aggregators of visual historical sources, the information potential of the content, advantages and disadvantages of usage, examples of how visual information found using these databases contributed to solving specific historical and source problems. Different aspects of working with online databases of visual sources are considered in the context of historiographical discussions about the "digital turn" in humanitarian knowledge, the "visual turn" in the structure of the source base of historical research, disputes about the multimodality of the content of historical knowledge. It is suggested that soon online databases of visual sources will become as familiar an information search tool for a historian as electronic catalogues of libraries and archives. The emphasis is placed on the methodology of a systematic approach, methods of complex source studies that allow reconstructing historical reality by analyzing and comparing information extracted from sources of different types (written, pictorial and material) and types.
Land ownership in the Bezhetskaya Pyatina (Tver Region) at the end of the Novgorod independence period: localization in GIS
Authors: Stepanova Iuliia , Gavrilov Pavel Vladimirovich
Published: July 2022

The article gives the historical and geographical characteristics of the Novgorod land ownership on the territory of the the Bezhetskaya Pyatina in Tver Region. The main sources of the research are the scribal books of 1498/99 and 1545 years. The work was carried out using geoinformation technologies based on the previously performed localization of toponyms of scribal descriptions of 1498/99 and 1545. Using the Voronoi Polygons module and further combining polygons on the basis of belonging to a specific landowner, an idea was obtained about the spatial location of the land holdings of the Novgorod boyars, residents, fellow countrymen, monasteries and the Novgorod archbishop in the churchyards-districts of Pyatina. The web gis is available on the Internet on the website of the Laboratory of Historical Geoinformatics of the IVI RAS. The composition of landholdings (a single territory or separate enclaves) is analyzed. Localization made it possible to establish that a number of relatives' possessions were located compactly, which made it possible to identify family possessions belonging to Yuryev, Ovinov, etc., dating back to large single patrimony of common ancestors. The largest by area were the vladychnaya volost of Udomlya and the volost of Ivan Loshinsky's Slezkino. There is also excessive land ownership by the end of the period of independence of Novgorod. The concentration of small landholdings of foreigners and those living in the west of Pyatina, in the Mlevsky churchyards, was also revealed. The data obtained as a result of the use of gis technologies on the size of land holdings were compared with information on the number of settlements in them from scribal books. The population indicators obtained for the most fully localized volosts on average amount to 0.4-0.7 settlements per 1 sq. km. The territories with the highest (in the south of Pyatina and in the basins of the Medveditsa and Mologa rivers and their small tributaries) and the lowest (in the north) indicators of population were identified. After the annexation of Novgorod to Moscow, almost all landholdings were confiscated and distributed to estates that were not comparable in size to the old volosts.
The use of data management technologies in the creation of historical Internet resources
Authors: Trishin Ivan
Published: July 2022

In this article, special attention is paid to the problem of preserving and distributing the results of virtual reconstructions of historical and cultural heritage objects by creating specialized electronic reference books based on the Wordpress website builder. Using the example of the handbook on virtual reconstructions of estates in the Moscow region, the author shows how, with the help of modern data management technologies, it is possible to configure the system in such a way that its filling and administration take place with the least amount of time on the part of the authors of publications and the directory administrator. The main problem solved by such a system is the elimination of the need for manual entry of each article and subsequent approval of the publication in manual mode.    The author of the study presents an approbation of the use of data management technologies in historical Internet resources. The systems presented in the article are used in industrial data management systems, but their availability allows them to be used in other fields of activity, including as an auxiliary tool in scientific research. Automatic transfer of data from the user's web form to a new directory page significantly speeds up the task of filling an Internet resource. The proposed version of the directory was created using the MySQL database, the Apache NiFi data orchestrator and the Wordpress website builder. All the listed tools are free and available for download on their official pages.
Mitigation of block withholding attack based on zero-determinant strategy
Authors: Ren Min , Guo Hongfeng , Wang Zhihao
Published: July 2022

This article focuses on the mining dilemma of block withholding attack between the mining pools in the bitcoin system. In order to obtain the higher revenue, the rational mining pool usually chooses an infiltration attack, that is, the pool will falls into the mining dilemma of the PoW consensus algorithm. Thus the article proposes to apply zero-determinant strategies for optimizing the behavior selection of the mining pool under PoW consensus mechanism to increase the total revenues of the system, so as to solve the mining dilemma. After theoretically studying the set and extortionate strategy of zero-determinant, the article devises an adaptive zero-determinant strategy that the pool can change the corporation probability of the next round based on its previous revenues. To verify the effectiveness of zero-determinant strategies, based on the actual revenue of the mining pool defined and deduced in the paper, it simulates 30 sets of game strategies to illustrate the revenue variation of the mining pools. The simulation results show that the three zero-determinant strategies can effectively improve the convergence rate of cooperation, mitigate block withholding attack and maximize the total revenues of the system. Compared with the set and extortionate strategy, the adaptive strategy can ensure more stability and more revenue.
Research on Digital Archives Construction of Jingdezhen Ceramic Material Cultural Heritage Based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Yang Lisha
Published: July 2022

With the rapid development of modern technology and information means, the society has entered a new stage of development. Under the background of the rapid development of digital technology, the ceramic material culture in Jingdezhen has also been seriously affected. In order to better realize the protection of Jingdezhen ceramic material culture, various modern means should be used to comprehensively protect the ceramic material and cultural heritage, Through the application of blockchain technology, more perfect digital archives can be constructed, which can be used as a basis to promote the smooth development of the protection of ceramic material cultural heritage. Therefore, the article first defines the basic overview of blockchain technology; Secondly, it makes an in-depth analysis of the current situation of the protection of Jingdezhen ceramic material culture; On this basis, the construction measures of Jingdezhen Ceramic Cultural Heritage Digital Archives Based on blockchain technology are put forward.
Brain Metastasis—A Distinct Oncologic Disease Best Served by an Integrated Multidisciplinary Team Approach
Authors: Moss Nelson S. , Beal Kathryn , Tabar Viviane
Published: July 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the identification and treatment of brain metastasis as a distinct disease and its management with a multidisciplinary approach to improve patient outcomes.
A Young Boy With Changes in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Lopez-Cañizares Ashley , Carletti Piero , Berrocal Audina M.
Published: July 2022

A 9-year-old boy presented with changes in peripheral retinal pigment epithelium. Ocular history included high hyperopia and amblyopia, and abnormal foveal contour was discovered when he was aged 3 years. What would you do next?
Predicted vs Observed Metastasis-Free Survival in Individuals With Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Singh Arun D. , Binkley Elaine M. , Wrenn Jacquelyn M. , Bena James F. , Hinz Connie , Boldt H. Culver
Published: July 2022

Importance

Accuracy of the predicted metastasis-free survival (MFS) by a commercially available gene expression profiling (GEP) test is not known.

Objective

To compare the predicted MFS with the observed MFS in patients in this cohort and with those in published studies (published MFS, meta-analysis).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included consecutive patients from the University of Iowa and Cleveland Clinic who were diagnosed with uveal melanoma who underwent prognostic fine-needle aspiration biopsy at the time of primary treatment. Patients were recruited from December 2012 to December 2020. The predicted MFS for patients was extracted from the GEP report. The observed MFS was defined as time to metastasis. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to identify tumor variables impacting MFS in patients with class 2 tumors. The overall estimate of the published MFS was obtained by performing meta-analysis of data from published series. Analysis took place in August 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

MFS.

Results

There were 92 patients from the University of Iowa and 255 patients from the Cleveland Clinic. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 59.4 (13.0) years. The median (IQR) follow-up interval was 38.0 (19.0-57.0) months. The observed MFS for patients with class 2 tumor in this cohort (3 years: 67% [95% CI, 59%-77%]; 5 years: 47% [95% CI, 37%-61%]) and in published studies (3 years: 62% [95% CI, 57%-66%]; 5 years: 40% [95% CI, 34%-46%]) were better than those predicted (50% and 28% for 3 and 5 years, respectively). Within patients with class 2 tumor, those with metastasis had larger tumors compared with nonmetastatic tumors (mean largest basal diameter difference, 1.7 [95% CI, 0.5-3.0] mm; P = .01; mean thickness ratio, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.04-1.5]; P = .01, respectively). An increasing tumor size was significantly associated with increased hazard ratio (1.16 [95% CI, 1.06-1.27]; P < .001) of metastasis.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest the predicted MFS for metastatic tumors (class 2) appears to be worse than that observed here and reported by others. Incorporation of tumor size in the prediction model may enhance its accuracy. Adjuvant therapy trials may not be able to rely on predicted MFS to calculate efficacy with a high degree of confidence.
Perovskite Plasticity: Exploiting Instability for Self‐Optimized Performance
Authors: van der Burgt Julia S. , Scalerandi Francesca , de Boer Jeroen J. , Rigter Susan A. , Garnett Erik C.
Published: July 2022

Halide perovskites display outstanding photoluminescence quantum yield, tunable emission, and simple deposition, which make them attractive for optoelectronics. At the same time, their facile ion migration and transformation under optical, electrical, and chemical stress are seen as a major limitation. Mixed halide perovskites are particularly problematic since optical excitation can cause changes in the bandgap that are detrimental for solar cell and light‐emitting diode efficiency and stability. In this work, instead of preventing such changes, photo‐induced halide segregation in perovskites is exploited to enable responsive, reconfigurable, and self‐optimizing materials. The mixed halide perovskite film is trained to give directional light emission using a nanophotonic microlens; through a self‐optimized process of halide photosegregation, the system mimics the training stimulus. Longer training leads to more highly directional emission, while different halide migration kinetics in the light (fast training) and dark (slow forgetting) allows for material memory. This self‐optimized material performs significantly better than lithographically aligned quantum dots because it eliminates lens‐emitter misalignment and automatically corrects for lens aberrations. The system shows a combination of mimicking, improving over time, and memory, which comprise the basic requirements for learning, and allow for the intriguing prospect of intelligent optoelectronic materials.
Defect‐Dependent Crystal Plane Control on Inorganic CsPbBr3 Film by Selectively Anchoring (Pseudo‐) Halide Anions for 1.650 V Voltage Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Jingwei , He Benlin , Zhang Wenyu , Tui Rui , Chen Haiyan , Duan Yanyan , Huang Hao , Duan Jialong , Tang Qunwei
Published: July 2022

One of the key problems to improving the performance of a typical perovskite solar cell (PSC) is to minimize the defect‐determined nonradiative recombination. So far, the cutting‐edge strategies mainly focus on the film‐scale defect manipulation at grain boundaries and surfaces by trial‐and‐error, but the intrinsic passivation mechanism and fundamental guideline in the perspective of crystal lattices are still unclear. Herein, a much lower defect formation energy of PbBr antisite defect at (110) plane than that at (h00) planes is demonstrated by theoretically studying the crystal plane‐dependent defect density in an inorganic CsPbBr3 film, and then the authors precisely control the plane growth by selectively anchoring (pseudo‐) halide anions from ionic liquids to (110) plane. Because of the different adsorption energies on various planes, the growth of defective (110) plane is suppressed, leading to the formation of (h00) plane‐oriented film. Finally, the all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 PSC passivated by ionic liquid EMImCl delivers the best efficiency of 10.71% with an open‐circuit voltage up to 1.650 V. This work provides an in‐depth insight into defect formation and passivation mechanism to stabilize perovskite photovoltaics.
A Single‐Molecule Memristor based on an Electric‐Field‐Driven Dynamical Structure Reconfiguration
Authors: Guo Yilin , Yang Chen , Zhou Shuyao , Liu Zhirong , Guo Xuefeng
Published: July 2022

A robust single‐molecule memristor is prepared by covalently integrating one phenol molecule with multiple binding sites into nanogapped graphene electrodes. Multilevel resistance switching is realized by the electric‐field‐manipulated reconfiguration of the acyl moiety on the phenol center, that is, the Fries rearrangement. In situ measurements of the reaction trajectories with an initial single substrate and an intermediate break through the limitation of macroscopic experiments, therefore unveiling both intramolecular and intermolecular mechanistic pathways (a long‐term controversy) as well as comprehensive dynamic information. Based on this advance, high‐performance single‐molecule memristors in both the solution and solid states are achieved successively, providing a new understanding of memristive systems and neural network computing.
A Self‐Reporting Fluorescent Salicylaldehyde–Chlorambucil Conjugate as a Type‐II ICD Inducer for Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Zhang Minjie , Jin Xin , Gao Meng , Zhang Yunjiao , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2022

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) can activate the anticancer immune response and is highly attractive to improve cancer treatment efficacy. ICD is closely related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and a series of ICD inducers has recently been reported based on ER‐targeted photodynamic/photothermal agents or metal complexes. However, these ER‐targeted ICD inducers suffer from complicated synthesis and heavy‐metal cytotoxicity. Inspired by the promising clinical potential of small organic molecules, herein, an ER‐targeted fluorescent self‐reporting ICD inducer, SA‐Cbl, is developed by simple conjugation of the chemotherapeutic drug chlorambucil (Cbl) with salicylaldehyde (SA). SA‐Cbl can selectively accumulate in the ER to induce rapid ROS generation and an unfolded protein response process, which leads to a fast release of damage‐associated molecular patterns and efficient dendritic cells maturation. Meanwhile, the ER‐targeted accumulation and ER‐stress‐inducing process can be in situ monitored based on the turn‐on fluorescence of SA‐Cbl, which is highly pH‐ and polarity‐sensitive and can selectively interact with ER proteins. Compared with the traditional chemotherapy drug doxorubicin, the superior anticancer immunity effect of SA‐Cbl is verified via an in vivo tumor model. This study thus provides a new strategy for developing fluorescent self‐reporting ICD inducers by decoration of chemotherapeutic drugs with pH and polarity‐sensitive organic fluorophores.
Spectral Regulation and Efficiency Optimization in Cr3+‐Doped Gadolinium Aluminum Gallium Garnet Near‐Infrared Ceramic Phosphors via Crystal‐Field Engineering
Authors: Jiang Hangjie , Chen Liyan , Wu Xianhui , Luo Zhaohua , Li Ruiyang , Liu Yongfu , Liu Zehua , Sun Peng , You Weixiong , Jiang Jun
Published: July 2022

The near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode (pc‐LED) is a new NIR light source with both compact structure and high efficiency, and its performances is greatly depended on the NIR phosphors. Herein, this work presents a Cr3+‐doped gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (GAGG:Cr3+) NIR ceramic phosphor with a broadband emission in the range of 650–850 nm, and optical performances that can be regulated via crystal‐field engineering. By optimizing the Al/Ga ratio, an external quantum efficiency as high as 65% is observed. The thermal stability is enhanced with the increase of Al content, which is attributed to the broadening of bandgap and the weakening of electron–phonon coupling effect. The NIR light output powers of the fabricated device based on the GAGG:Cr3+ ceramic are up to 88.9 mW @ 10 mA and 1247.7 mW @ 200 mA, while the electro‐optical conversion efficiencies were 28.5% @ 10 mA and 17.7% @ 200 mA, respectively. In addition, the NIR pc‐LED exhibited a strong penetrability such that the veins in a palm could be clearly identified, allowing for its potential use in biosecurity applications.
3D Printing of Multiscale Ti64‐Based Lattice Electrocatalysts for Robust Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Guo Binbin , Kang Jiahui , Zeng Tianbiao , Qu Hongqiao , Yu Shixiang , Deng Hui , Bai Jiaming
Published: July 2022

Electrically assisted water splitting is an endurable strategy for hydrogen production, but the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) extremely restrict the large‐scale production of hydrogen. Developing highly efficient and non‐precious catalytic materials is essential to accelerate the sluggish kinetics of OER. However, currently used catalyst supports, such as copper foam, suffer from inferior corrosion resistance and structural stability, resulting in the disabled functionality of 3D conductive networks. To this end, a novel 3D freestanding electrode with corrosion‐resistant and robust Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy lattice as the catalyst support is designed via a 3D printing technology of selective laser melting. After the coating of core–shell Cu(OH)2@CoNi carbonate hydroxides (CoNiCH) on the designed lattice, a unique micro/nano‐sized hierarchical porous structure is formed, which endows the electrocatalyst with a promising electrocatalytic activity (a low overpotential of 355 mV at 30 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 125.3 mV dec−1). Computational results indicate that the CoNiCH exhibits optimized electron transfer and the catalytic activity of the Ni site is higher than that of the Co site in the CoNiCH. Therefore, the integration of robust catalyst supports and highly active materials opens up an avenue for reliable and high‐performance OER electrocatalysts.
A Flexible Circularly Polarized Luminescence Switching Device Based on Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer
Authors: Yang Guojian , Yao Zhiqiang , Yang Xuefeng , Xie Yigui , Duan Pengfei , Zhang Yu‐Mo , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An
Published: July 2022

Flexible circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) switching devices have been long‐awaited due to their promising potential application in wearable optoelectronic devices. However, on account of the few materials and complicated design of manufacturing systems, how to fabricate a flexible electric‐field‐driven CPL‐switching device is still a serious challenge. Herein, a flexible device with multiple optical switching properties (CPL, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence, color) is designed and prepared efficiently based on proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism by optimizing the chiral structure of switching molecule. More importantly, this device can maintain the switching performance even after 300 bending‐unbending cycles. It has a remarkable comprehensive performance containing bistable property, low open voltage, and good cycling stability. Then, prototype devices with designed patterns have been fabricated, which opens a new application pattern of CPL‐switching materials.
Electrical Field Driven Structural Evolutions of Polymorphic Nanodomains in Ferroelectric Ba(Zr,Ti)O3 Films
Authors: Ren Yuhang , Kurt Onur , Cheng Hongbo , Le Tong , Greenbaum Steve , Ouyang Jun
Published: July 2022

Film ferroelectrics possessing large breakdown strength and high energy density hold great promise for compact and efficient power systems. However, it is still unclear how the evolution of their underlying structure engenders their defining energy storage properties. Here, the electrical field‐driven structural evolutions of polymorphic nanodomains in 1400 nm ferroelectric Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (BZT) films by optical second‐harmonic generation, along with X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses are revealed. The BZT films transform between a remnant state to a charged state with an improved energy efficiency (≈90%) and an excellent fatigue endurance (virtually no loss in energy efficiency and ≈25% loss in stored energy after 107 bipolar cycles @ 1.5 MV cm−1 maximum electric field). Phase separation is significantly increased after charge‐discharge cycles. The performance is attributed to ultra‐adaptive polymorphic nanodomains, which effectively accommodate the concurring elastic and electrical stress fields during electrical switching.
Antimicrobial and anticancer potential of novel polyaspartate derivatives synthesized via quaternary ammonium grafting
Authors: Torres‐Rodriguez Alejandro , Avérous Luc , Pollet Eric , de Jesús Sosa‐Santillán Gerardo , Zugasti‐Cruz Alejandro , Sierra‐Rivera Crystel Aleyvick , Pérez‐Aguilar Nancy Verónica , Garcia‐Lobato Marco Antonio , Oyervides‐Muñoz Ernesto
Published: July 2022

Three novel polyaspartate derivatives with antibacterial properties and low hemolytic effects are synthesized by the reaction of sodium polyaspartate (PAspNa) with different quaternary ammonium salts with a carboxylic end‐group, subsequently these are tested in vitro against different cancer and normal cell lines. 1‐(carboxypentyl) pyridinium bromide, 1‐(carboxypentyl) benzalkonium bromide, and 1‐(carboxypentyl) quinolinium bromide are synthesized from a quaternization reaction between 6‐bromohexanoic acid and the respective tertiary amines (pyridine, N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine, and quinoline). Then, these ammonium salts are chemically grafted along the sodium polyaspartate macromolecular chains through an acid–base reaction. Three different polyaspartate derivatives are obtained and their chemical structures analyzed and confirmed by FT‐IR and 1H NMR, the corresponding thermal stability is analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. The antibacterial efficiency of these PAspNa derivatives against Escherichia coli is determined by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration. Hemolysis assays are performed on isolated human erythrocytes and finally the cell proliferation is studied by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis. All the PAspNa derivatives show antibacterial activities, low hemolytic effects, and antiproliferative effect in some concentrations evaluated in murine fibroblast (3T3), and cancer cell lines of cervix (HeLa), breast (4T1), and liver (HepG2) cells lines.