bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Different Regression Algorithms for Downscaling Monthly Satellite-Based Precipitation over North China
Authors: Jing Wenlong , Yang Yaping , Yue Xiafang , Zhao Xiaodan
Published: October 2016

Environmental monitoring of Earth from space has provided invaluable information for understanding land–atmosphere water and energy exchanges. However, the use of satellite-based precipitation observations in hydrologic and environmental applications is often limited by their coarse spatial resolutions. In this study, we propose a downscaling approach based on precipitation–land surface characteristics. Daytime land surface temperature, nighttime land surface temperature, and day–night land surface temperature differences were introduced as variables in addition to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and geolocation (longitude, latitude). Four machine learning regression algorithms, the classification and regression tree (CART), the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), the support vector machine (SVM), and random forests (RF), were implemented to downscale monthly TRMM 3B43 V7 precipitation data from 25 km to 1 km over North China for the purpose of comparison of algorithm performance. The downscaled results were validated based on observations from meteorological stations and were also compared to a previous downscaling algorithm. According to the validation results, the RF-based model produced the results with the highest accuracy. It was followed by SVM, CART, and k-NN, but the accuracy of the downscaled results using SVM relied greatly on residual correction. The downscaled results were well correlated with the observations during the year, but the accuracies were relatively lower in July to September. Downscaling errors increase as monthly total precipitation increases, but the RF model was less affected by this proportional effect between errors and observation compared with the other algorithms. The variable importances of the land surface temperature (LST) feature variables were higher than those of NDVI, which indicates the significance of considering the precipitation–land surface temperature relationship when downscaling TRMM 3B43 V7 precipitation data.
Low-Frequency Error Extraction and Compensation for Attitude Measurements from STECE Star Tracker
Authors: Lai Yuwang , Gu Defeng , Liu Junhong , Li Wenping , Yi Dongyun
Published: October 2016

The low frequency errors (LFE) of star trackers are the most penalizing errors for high-accuracy satellite attitude determination. Two test star trackers- have been mounted on the Space Technology Experiment and Climate Exploration (STECE) satellite, a small satellite mission developed by China. To extract and compensate the LFE of the attitude measurements for the two test star trackers, a new approach, called Fourier analysis, combined with the Vondrak filter method (FAVF) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the LFE of the two test star trackers’ attitude measurements are analyzed and extracted by the FAVF method. The remarkable orbital reproducibility features are found in both of the two test star trackers’ attitude measurements. Then, by using the reproducibility feature of the LFE, the two star trackers’ LFE patterns are estimated effectively. Finally, based on the actual LFE pattern results, this paper presents a new LFE compensation strategy. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed LFE compensation algorithm is demonstrated by the significant improvement in the consistency between the two test star trackers. The root mean square (RMS) of the relative Euler angle residuals are reduced from [27.95′′, 25.14′′, 82.43′′], 3σ to [16.12′′, 15.89′′, 53.27′′], 3σ.
Vision/INS Integrated Navigation System for Poor Vision Navigation Environments
Authors: Kim Youngsun , Hwang Dong-Hwan
Published: October 2016

In order to improve the performance of an inertial navigation system, many aiding sensors can be used. Among these aiding sensors, a vision sensor is of particular note due to its benefits in terms of weight, cost, and power consumption. This paper proposes an inertial and vision integrated navigation method for poor vision navigation environments. The proposed method uses focal plane measurements of landmarks in order to provide position, velocity and attitude outputs even when the number of landmarks on the focal plane is not enough for navigation. In order to verify the proposed method, computer simulations and van tests are carried out. The results show that the proposed method gives accurate and reliable position, velocity and attitude outputs when the number of landmarks is insufficient.
I-AUV Docking and Panel Intervention at Sea
Authors: Palomeras Narcís , Peñalver Antonio , Massot-Campos Miquel , Negre Pep , Fernández José , Ridao Pere , Sanz Pedro , Oliver-Codina Gabriel
Published: October 2016

The use of commercially available autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) has increased during the last fifteen years. While they are mainly used for routine survey missions, there is a set of applications that nowadays can be only addressed by manned submersibles or work-class remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) equipped with teleoperated arms: the intervention applications. To allow these heavy vehicles controlled by human operators to perform intervention tasks, underwater structures like observatory facilities, subsea panels or oil-well Christmas trees have been adapted, making them more robust and easier to operate. The TRITON Spanish founded project proposes the use of a light-weight intervention AUV (I-AUV) to carry out intervention applications simplifying the adaptation of these underwater structures and drastically reducing the operational cost. To prove this concept, the Girona 500 I-AUV is used to autonomously dock into an adapted subsea panel and once docked perform an intervention composed of turning a valve and plugging in/unplugging a connector. The techniques used for the autonomous docking and manipulation as well as the design of an adapted subsea panel with a funnel-based docking system are presented in this article together with the results achieved in a water tank and at sea.
Reduction of Kinematic Short Baseline Multipath Effects Based on Multipath Hemispherical Map
Authors: Cai Miaomiao , Chen Wen , Dong Danan , Song Le , Wang Minghua , Wang Zhiren , Zhou Feng , Zheng Zhengqi , Yu Chao
Published: October 2016

Multipath hemispherical map (MHM) is a kind of multipath mitigation approach that takes advantage of the spatial repeatability of the multipath effect under an unchanged environment. This approach is not only suitable for static environments, but also for some kinematic platforms, such as a moving ship and airplane, where the dominant multipath effects come from the platform itself and the multipath effects from the surrounding environment are considered minor or negligible. Previous studies have verified the feasibility of the MHM approach in static environments. In this study, we expanded the MHM approach to a kinematic shipborne environment. Both static and kinematic tests were carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the MHM approach. The results indicate that, after MHM multipath mitigation, the root mean square (RMS) of baseline length deviations are reduced by 10.47% and 10.57%, and the RMS of residual values are reduced by 39.89% and 21.91% for the static and kinematic tests, respectively. Power spectrum analysis has shown that the MHM approach is more effective in mitigating multipath in low-frequency bands; the high-frequency multipath effects still exist, and are indistinguishable from observation noise. Taking the observation noise into account, the residual reductions increase to 41.68% and 24.51% in static and kinematic tests, respectively. To further improve the performance of MHM for kinematic platforms, we also analyzed the influence of spatial coverage and resolution on residual reduction.
Application of Ultrasonic Sensors in Road Surface Condition Distinction Methods
Authors: Nakashima Shota , Aramaki Shingo , Kitazono Yuhki , Mu Shenglin , Tanaka Kanya , Serikawa Seiichi
Published: October 2016

The number of accidents involving elderly individuals has been increasing with the increase of the aging population, posing increasingly serious challenges. Most accidents are caused by reduced judgment and physical abilities, which lead to severe consequences. Therefore, studies on support systems for elderly and visually impaired people to improve the safety and quality of daily life are attracting considerable attention. In this study, a road surface condition distinction method using reflection intensities obtained by an ultrasonic sensor was proposed. The proposed method was applied to movement support systems for elderly and visually impaired individuals to detect dangerous road surfaces and give an alarm. The method did not perform well in previous studies of puddle detection, because the alert provided by the method did not enable users to avoid puddles. This study extended the method proposed by previous studies with respect to puddle detection ability. The findings indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method by considering four road surface conditions. The proposed method could detect puddle conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified in all four conditions, since users could differentiate between road surface conditions and classify the conditions as either safe or dangerous.
A Fast and in-Situ Measuring Method Using Laser Triangulation Sensors for the Parameters of the Connecting Rod
Authors: Li Xing-Qiang , Wang Zhong , Fu Lu-Hua
Published: October 2016

The connecting rod is a critical part inside the marine engine. The inspection of its important parameters is directly related to the assembly and quality of the marine engine. A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is a conventional choice to measure the parameters of a connecting rod. However, CMM requires significant resources in time and cost, which leads researchers into in-situ measurement. This article presents a fast and in-situ measuring method by using a laser-based measuring head. Two measuring strategies are adopted in the inspection process. For positional measurements (such as the hole–center distance), whose accuracy requirement is generally low, the coordinate system of the numerical control (NC) machine is combined with the measuring head to acquire the positional parameters. For dimensional measurements (such as inner diameters), whose accuracy requirement is rather high, the NC machine is used just as transportation. Note that the measuring head has the ability to perform the dimension inspection independently. The accuracy of the measuring head is high enough to meet the dimensional accuracy requirements. Experiments are performed to validate the proposed method. The measuring error of the inner diameters is from 5 μm to 7 μm. The measuring error of hole–center distance is within 15 μm. The measurement of all these parameters can be done within 1 min.
Dynamic Power-Saving Method for Wi-Fi Direct Based IoT Networks Considering Variable-Bit-Rate Video Traffic
Authors: Jin Meihua , Jung Ji-Young , Lee Jung-Ryun
Published: October 2016

With the arrival of the era of Internet of Things (IoT), Wi-Fi Direct is becoming an emerging wireless technology that allows one to communicate through a direct connection between the mobile devices anytime, anywhere. In Wi-Fi Direct-based IoT networks, all devices are categorized by group of owner (GO) and client. Since portability is emphasized in Wi-Fi Direct devices, it is essential to control the energy consumption of a device very efficiently. In order to avoid unnecessary power consumed by GO, Wi-Fi Direct standard defines two power-saving methods: Opportunistic and Notice of Absence (NoA) power-saving methods. In this paper, we suggest an algorithm to enhance the energy efficiency of Wi-Fi Direct power-saving, considering the characteristics of multimedia video traffic. Proposed algorithm utilizes the statistical distribution for the size of video frames and adjusts the lengths of awake intervals in a beacon interval dynamically. In addition, considering the inter-dependency among video frames, the proposed algorithm ensures that a video frame having high priority is transmitted with higher probability than other frames having low priority. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional NoA method in terms of average delay and energy efficiency.
Decomposition of Composite Electric Field in a Three-Phase D-Dot Voltage Transducer Measuring System
Authors: Hu Xueqi , Wang Jingang , Wei Gang , Deng Xudong
Published: October 2016

In line with the wider application of non-contact voltage transducers in the engineering field, transducers are required to have better performance for different measuring environments. In the present study, the D-dot voltage transducer is further improved based on previous research in order to meet the requirements for long-distance measurement of electric transmission lines. When measuring three-phase electric transmission lines, problems such as synchronous data collection and composite electric field need to be resolved. A decomposition method is proposed with respect to the superimposed electric field generated between neighboring phases. The charge simulation method is utilized to deduce the decomposition equation of the composite electric field and the validity of the proposed method is verified by simulation calculation software. With the deduced equation as the algorithm foundation, this paper improves hardware circuits, establishes a measuring system and constructs an experimental platform for examination. Under experimental conditions, a 10 kV electric transmission line was tested for steady-state errors, and the measuring results of the transducer and the high-voltage detection head were compared. Ansoft Maxwell Stimulation Software was adopted to obtain the electric field intensity in different positions under transmission lines; its values and the measuring values of the transducer were also compared. Experimental results show that the three-phase transducer is characterized by a relatively good synchronization for data measurement, measuring results with high precision, and an error ratio within a prescribed limit. Therefore, the proposed three-phase transducer can be broadly applied and popularized in the engineering field.
Improving Heat-Related Health Outcomes in an Urban Environment with Science-Based Policy
Authors: Sailor David , Shepherd Marshall , Sheridan Scott , Stone Brian , Kalkstein Laurence , Russell Armistead , Vargo Jason , Andersen Theresa
Published: October 2016

We use the Northeast US Urban Climate Archipelago as a case study to explore three key limitations of planning and policy initiatives to mitigate extreme urban heat. These limitations are: (1) a lack of understanding of spatial considerations—for example, how nearby urban areas interact, affecting, and being affected by, implementation of such policies; (2) an emphasis on air temperature reduction that neglects assessments of other important meteorological parameters, such as humidity, mixing heights, and urban wind fields; and (3) too narrow of a temporal focus—either time of day, season, or current vs. future climates. Additionally, the absence of a direct policy/planning linkage between heat mitigation goals and actual human health outcomes, in general, leads to solutions that only indirectly address the underlying problems. These issues are explored through several related atmospheric modeling case studies that reveal the complexities of designing effective urban heat mitigation strategies. We conclude with recommendations regarding how policy-makers can optimize the performance of their urban heat mitigation policies and programs. This optimization starts with a thorough understanding of the actual end-point goals of these policies, and concludes with the careful integration of scientific knowledge into the development of location-specific strategies that recognize and address the limitations discussed herein.
The Role of the Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) US3-Encoded Protein Kinase in Actin Reorganization and Nuclear Egress
Authors: Proft Alexandra , Spiesschaert Bart , Izume Satoko , Taferner Selina , Lehmann Maik , Azab Walid
Published: October 2016

The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by US3 gene (pUS3) of alphaherpesviruses was shown to modulate actin reorganization, cell-to-cell spread, and virus egress in a number of virus species. However, the role of the US3 orthologues of equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) has not yet been studied. Here, we show that US3 is not essential for virus replication in vitro. However, growth rates and plaque diameters of a US3-deleted EHV-1 and a mutant in which the catalytic active site was destroyed were significantly reduced when compared with parental and revertant viruses or a virus in which EHV-1 US3 was replaced with the corresponding EHV-4 gene. The reduced plaque sizes were consistent with accumulation of primarily enveloped virions in the perinuclear space of the US3-negative EHV-1, a phenotype that was also rescued by the EHV-4 orthologue. Furthermore, actin stress fiber disassembly was significantly more pronounced in cells infected with parental EHV-1, revertant, or the recombinant EHV-1 expressing EHV-4 US3. Finally, we observed that deletion of US3 in EHV-1 did not affect the expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of infected cells.
The Immune Response in Measles: Virus Control, Clearance and Protective Immunity
Authors: Griffin Diane
Published: October 2016

Measles is an acute systemic viral infection with immune system interactions that play essential roles in multiple stages of infection and disease. Measles virus (MeV) infection does not induce type 1 interferons, but leads to production of cytokines and chemokines associated with nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) signaling and activation of the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein (NLRP3) inflammasome. This restricted response allows extensive virus replication and spread during a clinically silent latent period of 10–14 days. The first appearance of the disease is a 2–3 day prodrome of fever, runny nose, cough, and conjunctivitis that is followed by a characteristic maculopapular rash that spreads from the face and trunk to the extremities. The rash is a manifestation of the MeV-specific type 1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cell adaptive immune response with lymphocyte infiltration into tissue sites of MeV replication and coincides with clearance of infectious virus. However, clearance of viral RNA from blood and tissues occurs over weeks to months after resolution of the rash and is associated with a period of immunosuppression. However, during viral RNA clearance, MeV-specific antibody also matures in type and avidity and T cell functions evolve from type 1 to type 2 and 17 responses that promote B cell development. Recovery is associated with sustained levels of neutralizing antibody and life-long protective immunity.
Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles-Based Vaccine Adjuvants for Lymph Nodes Targeting
Authors: Gutjahr Alice , Phelip Capucine , Coolen Anne-Line , Monge Claire , Boisgard Anne-Sophie , Paul Stéphane , Verrier Bernard
Published: October 2016

Vaccines have successfully eradicated a large number of diseases. However, some infectious diseases (such as HIV, Chlamydia trachomatis or Bacillus anthracis) keep spreading since there is no vaccine to prevent them. One way to overcome this issue is the development of new adjuvant formulations which are able to induce the appropriate immune response without sacrificing safety. Lymph nodes are the site of lymphocyte priming by antigen-presenting cells and subsequent adaptive immune response, and are a promising target for vaccine formulations. In this review, we describe the properties of different polymer-based (e.g., poly lactic-co-glycolic acid, poly lactic acid …) particulate adjuvants as innovative systems, capable of co-delivering immunopotentiators and antigens. We point out how these nanoparticles enhance the delivery of antigens, and how their physicochemical properties modify their uptake by antigen-presenting cells and their migration into lymph nodes. We describe why polymeric nanoparticles increase the persistence into lymph nodes and promote a mature immune response. We also emphasize how nanodelivery directs the response to a specific antigen and allows the induction of a cytotoxic immune response, essential for the fight against intracellular pathogens or cancer. Finally, we highlight the interest of the association between polymer-based vaccines and immunopotentiators, which can potentiate the effect of the molecule by directing it to the appropriate compartment and reducing its toxicity.
Potential Impact of Climate Change on Suspended Sediment Yield in NW Spain: A Case Study on the Corbeira Catchment
Authors: Rodríguez-Blanco M. , Arias Ricardo , Taboada-Castro M. , Nunes Joao , Keizer Jan , Taboada-Castro M.
Published: October 2016

Soil losses and the subsequent sediment delivery constitute significant environmental threats. Climate change is likely to have an impact on the availability of water and therefore on sediment yield in catchments. In this context, quantifying the sediment response to an increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate change is of utmost importance to the proper management of rural catchments. However, quantitative assessment of climate change impact remains a complex task. In this study, the potential medium (2031–2060) and long-term (2069–2098) impacts of projected changes of temperature, rainfall and CO2 concentration on sediment yield in a small rural catchment located in NW Spain were evaluated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Climate change scenarios were created using future climate data projected by regional climate models from the ENSEMBLES project and two CO2 concentration scenarios (550 and 660 ppm). The results showed that climate change would have a noticeable impact on suspended sediment if the forecast temperature, rainfall and CO2 concentration changes included in this study were met. Overall, suspended sediment is expected to decrease (2031–2060: −11%, 2069–2098: −8%) compared to the baseline period (1981–2010), mainly due to decreased streamflow. However, an increase in sediment transport in winter is predicted, possibly associated with increased erosion in cultivated areas (11%–17%), suggesting that, at this time of the year, the effect of soil detachment prevails over sediment transport capacity. Consequently, management practices aimed at reducing soil erosion in cultivated areas should be carried out, because these are the main source of sediment in the study area.
Development and characterization of novel EST‐SSR markers for Speranskia tuberculata (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Fu Yi , Ju Miao‐Miao , Ma Huan‐Cheng , Xin Pei‐Yao , He Cheng‐Zhong , Jia Dong‐Rui , Tian Bin
Published: October 2016

Premise of the study:

The first set of expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers were developed and characterized for Speranskia tuberculata (Euphorbiaceae), a traditional medicinal plant endemic to northern China, to explore the effects of recent habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity and structure of this species.

Methods and Results:

In this study, a total of 18 novel polymorphic microsatellite (EST‐SSR) markers were developed for S. tuberculata using high‐throughput transcriptome sequencing. Analysis of 24 individuals of S. tuberculata from four natural populations revealed their robust polymorphic reliability. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 11, while the expected and observed heterozygosity per marker varied from 0.187 to 0.827 and 0.042 to 0.917, respectively. Of these markers, 13 showed good amplification results in the closely related species S. cantonensis.

Conclusions:

These newly generated SSR markers are expected to provide novel tools for genetic studies of S. tuberculata, which will contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of the species’ wild genetic resources.
Corporate Restructuring as a Risk Treatment Method
Authors: Strelnik Mikhail
Published: October 2016

The article is aimed at the development of risk treatment methods. The author considers different risk treatment methods and proposes corporate restructuring as one of the methods. Corporate restructuring has not been seen yet as the method of risk treatment in risk management literature but the practice of its implementation in response to risk effects is obvious. The author describes risk parameters and different risk treatment methods which can be applied and point out corporate restructuring as one of them. The features of corporate restructuring as a risk treatment method are identified. The author proposes the algorithm of risk treatment on the basis of corporate restructuring and it can be looked as part of risk management of the company.
Personnel Selection Using Fuzzy Axiomatic Design Principles
Authors: Khandekar Anant V. , Chakraborty Shankar
Published: October 2016

Overall competency of the working personnel is often observed to ultimately affect the productivity of an organization. The globalised competitive atmosphere coupled with technological improvements demands for efficient and specialized manpower for the industrial operations. A set of typical technological skills and attitudes is thus demanded for every job profile. Most often, these skills and attitudes are expressed imprecisely and hence, necessitating the support of fuzzy sets for their effective understanding and further processing. In this paper, a method based on fuzzy axiomatic design principles is applied for solving the personnel selection problems. Selecting a middle management staff of a service department for a large scale organization is demonstrated here as a real life example. Five shortlisted candidates are assessed with respect to a set of 18 evaluation criteria, and the selection committee with experts from the related fields also realizes the outcome of the adopted approach to be quite appropriate, befitting and in agreement with their expectations.
Survey and Explain the role of Sensemaking in Successful Strategy Implementation in Iran’s Automotive Companies
Authors: Farhad Hosseini Seyed , Khodadad Hosseini Seyed Hamid , Kordnaiej Asadollah , Ahmadi Parviz
Published: October 2016

There is not a dominant model that could explain key factors of sensemaking of strategy implementation and interactions between them. The purpose of this study is designing and explaining the role of sensemaking in successful strategy implementation along with a combination of factors which inﬂuence implementation sensemaking. This study surveyed the factors inﬂuencing sensemaking of successful strategy implementation in top Iran’s automotive companies. This is a qualitative research that uses grounded theory to obtain insight about the role of sensemaking in successful implementation through in-depth interviews with 22 individuals (Managers, Assistant Directors and Academic Professors) and used gathered data to design a model of sensemaking in successful strategy implementation. Based on open and axial coding, 21 effective variables were conceptualized and classified in seven major categories then final model was designed. This theory explains factors that affect the sensemaking of successful strategy implementation and how these factors interact with each other. Sensemaking in Successful implementation of strategies depends on Sensemaking Context, Key Executers, Discourse Context, Intervening Conditions and Collective Sensemaking. Sensemaking Context cause sensemaking and sensegiving of key executers and key executers itself along with Discourse Context and Intervening Conditions lead to collective sensemaking. The consequence of model is sensemaking of successful strategy implementation that consists of maintaining and recording the meaning and its strengthening, collective effort, continuous strategy implementation and operational excellence of the organization.
“Appearance and the Supersensible World”: Emptiness of the Biopolitical Critique of Power
Authors: Svetlič Rok
Published: October 2016

This paper takes up for its subject the specific explanatory mechanism of biopolitical discourse. By drawing on two concepts from Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel’s philosophy, it argues that this type of discourse creates no hermeneutical surplus. The first concept can be found in Phenomenology of Spirit, in the chapter “Force and Understanding: Appearance and the Supersensible World”, and the second in The Science of Logic in the chapter “Formal Ground”. It will be demonstrated that the biopolitical critique of power does not distinguish between explicandum and explicans – at its core, it enacts a tautology. It takes merely one moment out of a complex phenomenon under interpretation (this being a moment of negativity), which is in fact common to all phenomena. Then it takes this moment to be the regulative principle guiding the dynamics of the interpreted phenomenon. The problem of this method of explaining is not that it is wrong, but that it is always true. Tautology is an empty always-truth. From beginning to end of this paper, biopolitical discourse is understood from the perspective of trust in the State organism as a central State-building virtue of the democratic culture. Ultimately, the paper shows that biopolitics is just one way of taking oneself out of the thought of the world, which inevitably inhibits the ability of the State to provide for the basic needs of the population.
SILICATE COMPOSITION OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
Authors: Fogerty S. , Forrest W. , Watson D. M. , Sargent B. A. , Koch I.
Published: October 2016

The composition of silicate dust in the diffuse interstellar medium and in protoplanetary disks around young stars informs our understanding of the processing and evolution of the dust grains leading up to planet formation. An analysis of the well-known 9.7 μm feature indicates that small amorphous silicate grains represent a significant fraction of interstellar dust and are also major components of protoplanetary disks. However, this feature is typically modeled assuming amorphous silicate dust of olivine and pyroxene stoichiometries. Here, we analyze interstellar dust with models of silicate dust that include non-stoichiometric amorphous silicate grains. Modeling the optical depth along lines of sight toward the extinguished objects Cyg OB2 No. 12 and ζ Ophiuchi, we find evidence for interstellar amorphous silicate dust with stoichiometry intermediate between olivine and pyroxene, which we simply refer to as “polivene.” Finally, we compare these results to models of silicate emission from the Trapezium and protoplanetary disks in Taurus.
THE MOLECULAR BARYON CYCLE OF M82
Authors: Chisholm John , Matsushita Satoki
Published: October 2016

Baryons cycle into galaxies from the intergalactic medium and are converted into stars; a fraction of the baryons are ejected out of galaxies by stellar feedback. Here we present new high-resolution (3.″9; 68 pc) 12CO(2–1) and 12CO(3–2) images that probe these three stages of the baryon cycle in the nearby starburst M82. We combine these new observations with previous 12CO(1–0) and [Fe ii] images to study the physical conditions within the molecular gas. Using a Bayesian analysis and the radiative transfer code RADEX, we model temperatures and densities of molecular hydrogen, as well as column densities of CO. Besides the disk, we concentrate on two regions within the galaxy: an expanding super-bubble and the base of a molecular streamer. Shock diagnostics, kinematics, and optical extinction suggest that the streamer is an inflowing filament, with a mass inflow rate of molecular gas of 3.5

yr−1. We measure the mass outflow rate of molecular gas of the expanding super-bubble to be 17

yr−1, five times higher than the inferred inflow rate and 1.3 times the star formation rate of the galaxy. The high mass outflow rate and large star formation rate will deplete the galaxy of molecular gas within eight million years, unless there are additional sources of molecular gas.
NO EVIDENCE FOR ACTIVITY CORRELATIONS IN THE RADIAL VELOCITIES OF KAPTEYN’S STAR
Authors: Anglada-Escudé G. , Tuomi M. , Arriagada P. , Zechmeister M. , Jenkins J. S. , Ofir A. , Dreizler S. , Gerlach E. , Marvin C. J. , Reiners A. , Jeffers S. V. , Butler R. Paul , Vogt S. S. , Amado P. J. , Rodríguez-López C. , Berdiñas Z. M. , Morin J. , Crane J. D. , Shectman S. A. , Díaz M. R. , Sarmiento L. F. , Jones H. R. A.
Published: October 2016

Stellar activity may induce Doppler variability at the level of a few m s−1 which can then be confused by the Doppler signal of an exoplanet orbiting the star. To first order, linear correlations between radial velocity measurements and activity indices have been proposed to account for any such correlation. The likely presence of two super-Earths orbiting Kapteyn’s star was reported in Anglada-Escudé et al., but this claim was recently challenged by Robertson et al., who argued for evidence of a rotation period (143 days) at three times the orbital period of one of the proposed planets (Kapteyn’s b, P = 48.6 days) and the existence of strong linear correlations between its Doppler signal and activity data. By re-analyzing the data using global statistics and model comparison, we show that such a claim is incorrect given that (1) the choice of a rotation period at 143 days is unjustified, and (2) the presence of linear correlations is not supported by the data. We conclude that the radial velocity signals of Kapteyn’s star remain more simply explained by the presence of two super-Earth candidates orbiting it. We note that analysis of time series of activity indices must be executed with the same care as Doppler time series. We also advocate for the use of global optimization procedures and objective arguments, instead of claims based on residual analyses which are prone to biases and incorrect interpretations.
A STRINGENT LIMIT ON THE AMPLITUDE OF ALFVÉNIC PERTURBATIONS IN HIGH-BETA LOW-COLLISIONALITY PLASMAS
Authors: Squire J. , Quataert E. , Schekochihin A. A.
Published: October 2016

It is shown that low-collisionality plasmas cannot support linearly polarized shear-Alfvén fluctuations above a critical amplitude

, where β is the ratio of thermal to magnetic pressure. Above this cutoff, a developing fluctuation will generate a pressure anisotropy that is sufficient to destabilize itself through the parallel firehose instability. This causes the wave frequency to approach zero, interrupting the fluctuation before any oscillation. The magnetic field lines rapidly relax into a sequence of angular zig-zag structures. Such a restrictive bound on shear-Alfvén-wave amplitudes has far-reaching implications for the physics of magnetized turbulence in the high-β conditions prevalent in many astrophysical plasmas, as well as for the solar wind at ∼1 au where β ≳ 1.
MASS ESTIMATORS FOR FLATTENED DISPERSION-SUPPORTED GALAXIES
Authors: Sanders Jason L. , Evans N. Wyn
Published: October 2016

We investigate the reliability of mass estimators based on the observable velocity dispersion and half-light radius R
h for dispersion-supported galaxies. We show how to extend them to flattened systems and provide simple formulae for the mass within an ellipsoid under the assumption the dark-matter density and the stellar density are stratified on the same self-similar ellipsoids. We demonstrate explicitly that the spherical mass estimators give accurate values for the mass within the half-light ellipsoid, provided R
h is replaced by its “circularized” analog

. We provide a mathematical justification for this surprisingly simple and effective workaround. It means, for example, that the mass-to-light ratios are valid not just when the light and dark matter are spherically distributed, but also when they are flattened on ellipsoids of the same constant shape.
Assessment of the âˆ’174G/C (rs1800795) and âˆ’572G/C (rs1800796) Interleukin 6 Gene Polymorphisms in Egyptian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Amr Khalda , El-Awady Rehab , Raslan Hala
Published: October 2016

AIM: This study aimed to investigate genotype and allele frequencies of âˆ’174 (rs1800795) and âˆ’572 (rs1800796) IL-6 promoter gene polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in comparison to control group.METHODS: The study was conducted on 198 Egyptian subjects (99 RA patients and 99 healthy control).The promoter region of the IL-6 gene was amplified by PCR using DNAs from patients and the controls, and their PCR products were digested by suitable enzymes.RESULTS: No statistical differences were found in âˆ’572G/C genotype (P = 0.177) or allele (P = 0.147) frequencies between RA patients and controls. Significant differences were observed in âˆ’174G/C genotype (P Ë‚ 0.001) and allele (P Ë‚ 0.001) frequencies between RA patients and controls.CONCLUSION: A significant association of IL-6 âˆ’174G/C gene polymorphism and RA in Egyptian population was found with significantly higher frequencies of GC and CC genotypes and C allele in RA patients compared to controls. No association was found between IL-6 âˆ’572G/C gene polymorphism and RA.
The Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis, Eczema and Asthma in Students of Guidance Schools in Mazandaran Province, Iran
Authors: Zamanfar Daniel , Ghaffari Javad , Behzadnia Salar , Yazdani-charati Jamshid , Tavakoli Sahar
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND: Eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma are common chronic allergic disorders in childhood.AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of common allergic disorders among Iranian guidance schools students in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran.METHODS: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 3000 children aged 11â€14 years old during 2012â€13 according to ISAAC study. Of 3000 recruited children 1576 (52.54%) were female and 1424 (47.46%) were male. Data gathered by ISAAC first phase questionnaire analysed by SPSS software 20.RESULTS: The prevalence of wheezing, allergic rhinitis symptoms (sneezing and pruritus) and atopic dermatitis symptoms (pruritus skin lesion) were 30.5%, 30% and 15% respectively. History of pets contact and smoking was positive 6.6% and 36 % respectively. About 52% was born with caesarian section. There was wheezing in 32.5% during sport. The diagnosis of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema were 12.2%, 28.5% and 15% respectively. Eczema, asthma and allergic rhinitis were significantly more common in boys students (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema have a high prevalence and they are more common in boys.
Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Milev Ivan , Zafirovska Planinka , Zimbakov Zan , Idrizi Shpend , Ampova-Sokolov Vilma , Gorgieva Emilija , Ilievska Liljana , Tosheski Goce , Hristov Nikola , Georgievska-Ismail Ljubica , Anguseva Tanja , Mitrev Zan
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous transcatheter closure (PTC) of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in cryptogenic stroke, transitional ischemic attack (TIA) and treatment of a migraine.AIM: Our goal was to present our experience in the interventional treatment of PFO, as well as to evaluate the short and mid-term results in patients with closed PFO.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Transcatheter closure of PFO was performed in 52 patients (67.3% women, mean age 40.7 Â± 11.7 years). Patients were interviewed for subjective grading of the intensity of headaches before and after the PFO closure.RESULTS: During 2 years of follow-up, there was no incidence of new stroke, TIA and/or syncope. Follow-up TCD performed in 35 patients showed complete PFO closure in 20 patients (57.1%). Out of 35 patients, 22 (62.9%) reported having a migraine before the procedure with an intensity of headaches at 8.1 Â± 1.9 on a scale from 1 to 10. During 2 years of follow-up, symptoms of a migraine disappeared in 4 (18.2%) and the remaining 18 patients reported the significant decrease in intensity 4.8 Â± 2.04 (p = 0.0001). In addition, following PFO closure the incidence of the headaches decreased significantly (p = 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous transcatheter closure of PFO is a safe and effective procedure showing mid-term relief of neurological symptoms in patients as well as significant reduction of migraine symptoms.
Modélisation de la structure prosodique du français parlé basée sur l’usage : l’expérience Rhapsodie
Authors: Lacheret-Dujour Anne
Published: October 2016

Dans le cadre des recherches sur l’interface prosodie, syntaxe et genres de discours, l’objectif de cet article est d’exposer une modélisation de la structure prosodique du français parlé, guidée par les données d’usage, et de présenter une première exploration statistique du modèle Rhapsodie (un treebank multilocuteurs et multigenres de 3 heures, annoté en prosodie), qui offre un retour précis sur le rôle du marquage prosodique dans la caractérisation linguistique des genres discursifs.
Strange Bedfellows . Culture littéraire et culture populaire dans la France des années 1870
Authors: Barrows Susanna
Published: October 2016

Le triomphe de la Troisième République ne fut pas seulement le fruit du langage et des pratiques de la bourgeoisie mais aussi de gens ordinaires qui combattirent le conservatisme avec les armes de la culture populaire rabelaisienne – rires, plaisanterie, gestes obscènes, ruses, scatologie et langage délibérément grossier. Cette dynamique a été tout particulièrement rendue visible lors de la crise du 16 mai 1877. Lorsque le président Mac-Mahon poussa le gouvernement républicain de Jules Simon à démissionner, il décida de nommer un gouvernement minoritaire, composé de monarchistes et de bonapartistes et de dissoudre la Chambre des députés. Dès lors, il se heurta avec ses partisans à une vive résistance populaire qui utilisa l’humour et la raillerie souvent grossière pour s’opposer à son coup de force. Le plus frappant est que la plupart des écrivains français des années 1870, souvent décrits comme indifférents à la politique, reprirent le langage et les mots d’ordre de cette résistance populaire contre le « Bayard des temps modernes ». Les convergences entre culture littéraire et culture populaire dessinent ainsi un compagnonnage inattendu entre ces deux mondes.
Les murs qui parlent : le graffiti politique en 1877
Authors: Barrows Susanna
Published: October 2016

Les graffitis ont constitué l’une des formes les plus spectaculaires de résistance populaire au renvoi par Mac-Mahon du cabinet républicain de Jules Simon le 16 mai 1877, à la nomination d’un ministère minoritaire et à la dissolution de la Chambre des députés. Pendant les cinq mois que durèrent cette crise politique fondatrice et la campagne électorale qui s’ensuivit, les affiches présidentielles et celles des candidats officiels furent biffées, arrachées, souillées ou leur contenu complété par des mots ironiques ou injurieux. Des messages railleurs, porteurs d’un humour à teneur scatologique ou pornographique, furent écrits à la pointe du couteau ou dessinés sur les murs de nombreuses villes de France, à commencer par Paris. À travers ce mode de protestation iconoclaste sur le fond comme parfois sur la forme se dévoile une culture politique démocratique profondément ancrée dans les classes populaires parisiennes, mais aussi au-delà, tant géographiquement que sociologiquement.
Une étrange année : Victor Hugo et le coup du Seize-Mai
Authors: Barrows Susanna
Published: October 2016

Au moment de la crise du 16 mai 1877, Victor Hugo est au faîte de sa renommée. Cet article montre comment il mobilise toutes les facettes de sa gloire pour s’opposer à l’offensive de Mac-Mahon et de ses partisans contre les républicains. À 76 ans, il endosse alternativement et simultanément tous ses rôles : le vieillard à la barbe blanche, le grand-père fier de ses deux petits-enfants, le sénateur pourvu de l’immunité, le survivant du dernier authentique coup d’État, l’historien et le poète de la République. Il prend la parole au Sénat contre la dissolution de la Chambre des députés, contribue à l’animation des gauches durant la campagne électorale, prend des notes dans ses carnets et, surtout, publie Histoire d’un crime moins de quinze jours avant le premier tour des élections, esquissant un parallèle entre le 2 décembre 1851 et le 16 mai 1877. Il constitue un modèle pour certains opposants qui cherchent à imiter son style ou rêveraient qu’il devienne ministre. Toutefois, aussi considérable soit-elle, la voix de Hugo se mêle aussi durant cette crise à celle de milliers d’anonymes qui partagent spontanément les mêmes références historiques et politiques et choisissent d’eux-mêmes les mêmes angles d’attaque.
Tels quels… Les musées d’ethnographie entre illusions et idéologies…
Authors: Georgel Chantal
Published: October 2016

Aux xix e et xx e siècles, et plus particulièrement entre 1880 et 1940, se propage, à travers toute la France, l’habitude (la mode ?) de présenter, dans les musées d’ethnographie mais aussi dans ceux d’art décoratif, des reconstitutions, d’intérieurs, de métiers, d’art de vivre… Ces reconstitutions oscillent entre Révélation et leçons de choses, exhument le passé pour mieux le ressusciter ; du moins est-ce là leur justification avouée, laquelle parfait son discours en installant au centre de ces reconstitutions des mannequins, illusion du vivant supposée renforcer le lien unissant le visiteur à « son » passé, à « sa » communauté. Illusion ou contrainte ? De fait, ces reconstitutions supposées « dire » le réel et le vrai, assurent avant tout le triomphe du localisme et son cortège d’idéologies.
Le Louvre des femmes. Sur quelques présupposés à l’égard des femmes dans les musées en France au xix e siècle
Authors: Foucher Zarmanian Charlotte
Published: October 2016

Visiteuses, salonnières, copistes, sujets d’œuvres d’art, collectionneuses, les femmes sont omniprésentes dans les musées en France au xix e siècle. Pourtant, peu d’études leur ont été consacrées. Déconstruisant certains présupposés, cet article examine la place qui leur est accordée au Louvre et durant un siècle qui a justement vu leur conquête d’un espace public. Comment regarde-t-on les femmes dans les musées ? Les femmes sont-elles vraiment dénuées d’expertise, de regard critique et de savoirs artistiques ? Le musée ne représente-t-il pour elles qu’un lieu de flânerie, de mondanité ou de consommation visuelle d’objets ? Le discours ambiant se confrontera à quelques cas concrets, certes atypiques, mais qui, par leurs ambitions intellectuelles et muséales, permettent de renouveler les modèles de féminité et de repenser les rapports entre les sexes. Le dialogue entre le réel et le fictif poussera à interroger la flânerie, la copie et la consommation comme autant de concepts actifs pouvant engager des interactions entre les musées et les femmes.
Supporting the Enactment of Standards-Based Mathematics Pedagogies
Authors: Polly Drew , Martin Christie S. , Wang Chuang , Lambert Richard G. , Pugalee David
Published: October 2016

In order for professional development in the STEM fields to be effective, teachers need worthwhile experiences to simultaneously develop their knowledge of content, pedagogy, and understanding of how students' learn the content. In this chapter we provide an overarching framework of learner-centered professional development and describe the implementation of two mathematics professional development projects designed to support elementary school teachers' mathematics teaching. We follow our description by highlighting some of the findings from our line of professional development research and provide implications for the design of learner-centered professional development programs in mathematics.