bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Dynamics of Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus by Whole-Genome Analysis
Authors: Guo Jiahui , Liu Zimin , Tong Xue , Wang Zixin , Xu Shangen , Chen Qian , Zhou Junwei , Fang Liurong , Wang Dang , Xiao Shaobo
Published: December 2021

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an important pathogen in the swine industry, is a genetically highly diverse RNA virus. However, the phylogenetic and genomic recombination properties of this virus are not yet fully understood. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of all available whole-genome sequences of type 2 PRRSV (n = 901) to reveal its evolutionary dynamics. The results showed that there were three distinct phylogenetic lineages of PRRSV in their distribution patterns. We identified that sublineage 2.7 (L2.7), associated with a NADC30 cluster, had the highest substitution rate and higher viral genetic diversity, and inter-lineage recombination is observed more frequently in L2.7 PRRSV compared to other sublineages. Most inter-lineage recombination events detected are observed between L2.7 PRRSVs (as major parents) and L3.4 (a JXA1-R-related cluster)/L3.7 (a WUH3-related cluster) PRRSVs (as minor parents). Moreover, the recombination hotspots are located in the structural protein gene ORF2 and ORF4, or in the non-structural protein gene nsp7. In addition, a GM2-related cluster, L3.2, shows inconsistent recombination modes compared to those of L2.7, suggesting that it may have undergone extensive and unique recombination in their evolutionary history. We also identified several amino acids under positive selection in GP2, GP4 and GP5, the major glycoproteins of PRRSV, showing the driving force behind adaptive evolution. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the evolutionary dynamics of PPRSV that contribute to our understanding of the critical factors involved in its evolution and guide future efforts to develop effective preventive measures against PRRSV.
Comparative Evaluation of Immune Responses and Protection of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Oil-Emulsion Adjuvants in Avian Coronavirus Inactivated Vaccines in Chickens
Authors: Lopes Priscila Diniz , Okino Cintia Hiromi , Fernando Filipe Santos , Pavani Caren , Mariguela Viviane Casagrande , Montassier Maria de Fátima Silva , Montassier Hélio José
Published: December 2021

Efficient vaccines are the main strategy to control the avian coronavirus (AvCoV), although several drawbacks related to traditional attenuated and inactivated vaccines have been reported. These counterpoints highlight the importance of developing new alternative vaccines against AvCoV, especially those able to induce long-lasting immune responses. This study evaluated and compared two inactivated vaccines formulated with AvCoV BR-I variants, one composed of chitosan nanoparticles (AvCoV-CS) and the second by Montanide oily adjuvant (AvCoV-O). Both developed vaccines were administered in a single dose or associated with the traditional Mass attenuated vaccine. The AvCoV-CS vaccine administered alone or associated with the Mass vaccine was able to induce strong humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses and complete protection against IBV virulent infection, wherein single administration was characterized by high IgA antibody levels in the mucosa, whereas when associated with the Mass vaccine, the serum IgG antibody was predominantly observed. On the other hand, single administration of the oily vaccine presented poor humoral and CMI responses and consequently incomplete protection against virulent challenge, but when associated with the Mass vaccine, immune responses were developed, and complete protection against infection was observed. Both of our experimental vaccines were able to induce full protection against virulent IBV challenge. A single dose of AvCoV-CS vaccine was sufficient to achieve complete protection, while AvCoV-O required a previous priming by a Mass strain to complete the protection.
COVID-19 Vaccination in People Living with HIV (PLWH) in China: A Cross Sectional Study of Vaccine Hesitancy, Safety, and Immunogenicity
Authors: Liu Ying , Han Junyan , Li Xin , Chen Danying , Zhao Xuesen , Qiu Yaruo , Zhang Leidan , Xiao Jing , Li Bei , Zhao Hongxin
Published: December 2021

The administration of COVID-19 vaccines is the primary strategy used to prevent further infections by COVID-19, especially in people living with HIV (PLWH), who are at increased risk for severe symptoms and mortality. However, the vaccine hesitancy, safety, and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH have not been fully characterized. We estimated vaccine hesitancy and status of COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese PLWH, explored the safety and impact on antiviral therapy (ART) efficacy and compared the immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine between PLWH and healthy controls (HC). In total, 27.5% (104/378) of PLWH hesitated to take the vaccine. The barriers included concerns about safety and efficacy, and physician counselling might help patients overcome this vaccine hesitancy. A COVID-19 vaccination did not cause severe side effects and had no negative impact on CD4+ T cell counts and HIV RNA viral load. Comparable spike receptor binding domain IgG titer were elicited in PLWH and HC after a second dose of the CoronaVac vaccine, but antibody responses were lower in poor immunological responders (CD4+ T cell counts < 350 cells/µL) compared with immunological responders (CD4+ T cell counts ≥ 350 cells/µL). These data showed that PLWH have comparable safety and immune response following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination compared with HC, but the poor immunological response in PLWH is associated with impaired humoral response.
Mural Endocarditis and Embolic Pneumonia Due to Trueperella pyogenes in an Adult Cow with Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Caivano Domenico , Marchesi Maria Chiara , Boni Piero , Passamonti Fabrizio , Venanzi Noemi , Lepri Elvio
Published: December 2021

Bacterial endocarditis represents one of the most frequently acquired cardiac diseases in adult cattle. Congenital heart diseases as a ventricular septal defect can facilitate bacterial endocarditis as a consequence of turbulent blood flow through the defect, causing damage to the endocardium. We describe a case of mural endocarditis associated with a ventricular septal defect in an eight-year-old female Holstein Friesian cow. The cow’s history revealed that she had presented dysorexia and a sudden decrease of milk production in the last 10 days prior to the examination. On clinical examination, jugular pulses, tachycardia with irregular heart rate and tachypnea with harsh bronchovesicular sounds were evident. Electrocardiographic examination allowed the diagnosis of an atrial fibrillation with high ventricular response rate. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large vegetation originating from the endocardium between the tricuspid and pulmonic valves in the right ventricle outflow. On post-mortem examination, a small muscular septal defect under the right coronary cusp of the aortic valve and a mural vegetative endocarditis were found. An abscess in the chondro-costal junction of the third right rib and metastatic pneumonia were also observed. This case report describes a rare consequence of a small ventricular septal defect that had not been previously diagnosed in an adult cow.
Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Advanced Oxidation Processes—A Critical Review
Authors: Zhang Yiqing , Shaad Kashif , Vollmer Derek , Ma Chi
Published: December 2021

Textile manufacturing is a multi-stage operation process that produces significant amounts of highly toxic wastewater. Given the size of the global textile market and its environmental impact, the development of effective, economical, and easy-to handle alternative treatment technologies for textile wastewater is of significant interest. Based on the analysis of peer-reviewed publications over the last two decades, this paper provides a comprehensive review of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on textile wastewater treatment, including their performances, mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, influencing factors, and electrical energy per order (EEO) requirements. Fenton-based AOPs show the lowest median EEO value of 0.98 kWh m−3 order−1, followed by photochemical (3.20 kWh m−3 order−1), ozonation (3.34 kWh m−3 order−1), electrochemical (29.5 kWh m−3 order−1), photocatalysis (91 kWh m−3 order−1), and ultrasound (971.45 kWh m−3 order−1). The Fenton process can treat textile effluent at the lowest possible cost due to the minimal energy input and low reagent cost, while Ultrasound-based AOPs show the lowest electrical efficiency due to the high energy consumption. Further, to explore the applicability of these methods, available results from a full-scale implementation of the enhanced Fenton technology at a textile mill wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) are discussed. The WWTP operates at an estimated cost of CNY ¥1.62 m−3 (USD $0.23 m−3) with effluent meeting the China Grade I-A pollutant discharge standard for municipal WWTPs, indicating that the enhanced Fenton technology is efficient and cost-effective in industrial treatment for textile effluent.
An Enabling Environment for Asset Management through Public Policy: The Benefits of Standardization and Application to the Water Sector
Authors: Batac Tiffany , Brown Kerry , Brito Rita Salgado , Cranston Iain , Mizutani Tetsuya
Published: December 2021

Water services—including urban water supply, wastewater, and stormwater services—are essential to society and critical for protecting human health and the well-being of communities. Goal 6 of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognizes this importance and aims to “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.” Despite progress, the UN reports billions of people still lack water and sanitation services. Many governments around the world face the challenge of balancing between investment in new assets, programs, and services and providing the required funding for repair and replacement of existing water assets. This paper argues infrastructure asset management establishes a foundational framework for the system of operations, management, and importantly, governance of assets to deliver services. An enabling environment for asset management, in addition to supporting the delivery of services, also contributes to meeting public policy objectives. The research question is: How can governments utilize public policy to enable asset management and consequently achieve societal objectives. A variety of public policy instruments used to enable infrastructure asset management and support achievement of government goals and objectives, such as the UN SDGs, are outlined and analyzed. The methodology involved a survey and case studies drawn from three countries, focused on the water sector. It also presents outcomes, common elements, and the need for and benefits of standardization.
Hydrology-Shaped Plant Communities: Diversity and Ecological Function
Authors: Gaberščik Alenka , Zelnik Igor
Published: December 2021

Water is not only the essence of life and medium of organisms but also the environmental factor that shapes biocenoses, including plant communities [...]
Mechanism of Tsunami-Induced Erosion of Bridge-Abutment Backfill and Its Countermeasures
Authors: Nakamura Tomoaki , Sugiyama Chisato , Cho Yong-Hwan , Mizutani Norimi
Published: December 2021

Tsunamis can destroy bridges in coastal areas. Studies have attempted to unravel the mechanism of tsunami-induced damage and develop effective countermeasures against future tsunamis. However, the mechanisms of tsunami-induced erosion of bridge-abutment backfill and its countermeasures have not been studied adequately. This study investigates this topic using numerical analysis. The results show that the tsunami flowing down along the downstream wing of the abutment induces bedload sediment transport on the ogive section of the backfill on the downstream side of the abutment, resulting in the onset of backfill erosion. Sediment suspension and bedload sediment transportation occur when the backfill inside the abutment starts to flow out from below the downstream wing. This leads to subsidence of the backfill at the upstream side of the downstream wing. The subsequent backfill erosion is mainly caused by bedload sediment transport. Numerical experiments on countermeasures show that extending the wings downward can prevent the acceleration of backfill erosion in the presence of the abutment. A combination of multiple countermeasures, including extended wings, would be more effective in maintaining the stability of the abutment after a tsunami. This suggests the application of such countermeasures to actual bridges as an effective countermeasure against backfill erosion.
Applicability of Difference in Oxygen-18 and Deuterium of Water Sources and Isotopic Hydrograph Separation in a Bamboo Catchment during Different Rainfall Types
Authors: You Yang , Qu Simin , Wang Yifan , Yang Qingyi , Shi Peng , Jiang Yuxun , Yang Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2021

Typhoon storm and plum rain are two typical rainfall types in the lower regions of the Yangtze River Basin, which frequently cause flood disasters in China. New information in stable water isotopes offers the opportunity to advance understanding of runoff mechanisms and water source dynamics in response to these two typical rainfall types. We intensively monitored two representative rainfall events in a small bamboo forestry watershed in 2016. Results showed that precipitation isotopic variations during the event were generally larger than those of other monitored compartments (including throughfall, surface overland water, groundwater and river water) and also larger for the plum rain than for the typhoon event (δ18O varied in 5.2‰ and 3.7‰, respectively). Importantly, the differences of isotopic temporal variation between rainfall and throughfall showed significant impacts on the two-component hydrograph separation for both rainfall types (e.g., if not considered, the pre-event water fractions were 26.6% and 15.3% higher for the typhoon and plum rain events, respectively). Furthermore, we evaluated the role of soil water on the three-component isotopic hydrograph separation model; results revealed that soil water accounted for 10.9% and 28.3% of the total discharge in typhoon and plum rain events, respectively. This underpins the important role of soil water dynamics during the rainy season in this humid region.
Physical factors in medical rehabilitation of children with spinal osteochondropathies
Authors: Pogonchenkova Irena Vladimirovna , Khan Maya Alekseevna , Chervinskaya Alina Vyacheslavovna , Talkovskiy Evgeniy Maksimovich , Vybornov Dmitriy Yurievich , Koroteev Vladimir Viktorovich
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to a targeted search of scientific literature sources aimed at compiling a review of data on the use of physiotherapy methods in the medical rehabilitation of children with spinal osteochondropathy. One of the most urgent and socially significant issues of modern medicine is the widespread prevalence of orthopedic pathology, among which the leading positions are taken by diseases of the spine. Recently, in the population of children and adolescents, there has been a steady increase in pain syndromes of a vertebrogenic nature, leading to impaired physical functioning. According to various population studies, the prevalence of this nosological form ranges from 0.42 to 37% among the child population. The prevalence of Scheuermann — Mau disease in the general population of children and adolescents ranges from 0.4–8.3%. This pathology is the most common among all children osteochondropathies. To date, the etiology of spinal osteochondropathy is still unclear. Due to the asymptomatic course, the disease is not always diagnosed in the early stages of development, which creates certain difficulties in diagnosing and prescribing an effective treatment for the disease. Medical rehabilitation of children with osteochondropathy of the spine is aimed at preventing further progression of deformity, improving posture, respiratory function and cardiovascular system and includes: a rational exercise regime and nutrition, bracing and cold water treatment procedures, conservative orthopedic measures (wearing a corset, staying in a plaster bed), active correction of deformity (kinesiotherapy), hydrokinetic therapy, massage, passive correction of deformity (treatment by position), physiotherapy (electrical muscle stimulation), sports (skiing, swimming).
Comportamiento de agregación de noveles surfactantes de par iónico
Authors: Bravo Belgica , Chávez Gerson , Márquez Nelson , Delgado Nacarid , Cáceres Ana , Luzardo Milangel , Parra Iran , Collins Mariana , Borja Azeneth
Published: December 2021

Los ácidos alquilcarboxílicos pueden dar origen a la formación de una especie iónica con características anfifílicas que disminuye la tensión superficial de un sistema agua/aire. El tipo de contraión de estas especies juega un papel fundamental en las propiedades superficiales del compuesto. Se preparó una novedosa clase de surfactantes de par iónico (SPI) por neutralización de cantidades equimolares del ácido carboxílico con una base de tipo ciclohexilamina (cHACn) bajo condiciones suaves de reacción. Se estudió el comportamiento de agregación por tensión superficial. Los compuestos obtenidos disminuyeron la tensión superficial presentando baja concentración micelar crítica (CMC) y por tanto una mayor actividad superficial. La CMC de todos los compuestos estudiados disminuyó con la longitud de la cadena alquílica aniónica (n). 

Palabras clave: ácidos alquilcarboxílicos, surfactantes de par iónico, comportamiento de agregación, tensión superficial.

ABSTRACT

The alkylcarboxylic acids can give origin to the formation of ionic species with amphiphilic characteristics that decreases the surface tension of a water/air system. The type of counterion of these species plays a fundamental paper in the surface properties of the compound. Novel class ion pair surfactants (IPS) were prepared by neutralization of equimolar amounts of carboxylic acid with a base of type cyclohexylamine (cHACn) though mild reaction conditions. The aggregation behavior through surface tension was studied. The compounds obtained reduced the surface tension presenting low critical micelar concentration (CMC) and therefore a greater surface activity. The CMC of all compounds studied decreased with the length of the anionic alkyl chain (n). 

Key words: Alkylcarboxylic acids, ion pair surfactant, aggregation behavior, surface tension.
La igualdad como ejercicio político de la democracia bolivariana
Authors: Berrizbeitia Luis
Published: December 2021

La llegada de Hugo Chávez a la Presidencia de Venezuela trajo una revisión del concepto mismo de democracia para el país, fundamentado en las ideas políticas de Simón Bolívar. El ejercicio de esta política se ha basado en la participación de todos los sectores de la sociedad de la cosa pública. En este trabajo se revisa la propuesta filosófica y política detrás de la acción de Hugo Chávez en Venezuela para procurar la igualdad en la ciudadanía.
 
Palabras clave: Chávez, Venezuela, Democracia, igualdad, constitución.
La trata de personas y la necropolítica
Authors: Valle Franco Alex , Toala Samanta
Published: December 2021

Sin duda la trata de personas es uno de los delitos más denigrantes del mundo actual dado que reduce la condición del ser humano a una mercancía u objeto de explotación económica. A pesar de los avances mundiales en materia penal que previenen y sancionan este delito, las redes transnacionales de trata de personas se han incrementado. Este hecho, responde a varios factores. En primer lugar, la baja tasa de sentencias en contra de los responsables de este delito ha generado impunidad. En segundo lugar, la demanda ha crecido y ha sido observada de forma indiferente por los gobiernos, admitiendo con ello, un sistema de explotación que contribuye a la generación de dinero ilícito a costa del sufrimiento de las víctimas. Así se establece una política indirecta de necropolítica en la trata de personas, como un sistema invisible de explotación útil a un afán de lucro obstinado, ante lo cual, los Estados deben responder conforme sus obligaciones internacionales de respetar y garantizar los derechos de todas las personas. El análisis de normas y políticas públicas permiten saber si un Estado cumple con las mencionadas obligaciones, o si está generando una política de omisión o aquiescencia ante la trata de personas.  
 
Palabras clave: Trata de personas, necropolítica, cosificación, explotación sexual, políticas públicas.
Aproximaciones a las nuevas tendencias de los derechos laborales de las trabajadoras domésticas a nivel mundial a raíz de la pandemia covid-19
Authors: Navarro Cejas Mercedes , Vega falcón Vladimir
Published: December 2021

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar las nuevas tendencias de los derechos laborales de las trabajadoras domésticas a nivel mundial a raíz de la pandemia COVID-19 siendo estas mujeres un grupo vulnerable dentro del ámbito laboral que se verá mucho más expuesto durante la pandemia COVID 19. Se hizo uso de una metodología de enfoque cuali-cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental de carácter longitudinal que tuvo un alcance exploratorio bajo el método analítico- sintético, inductivo-deductivo. Se llegó a la determinación de que estas trabajadoras efectivamente están dentro de los grupos que llegará a tener, según las proyecciones analizadas, una mayor afectación tras la pandemia COVID-19.
 
Palabras clave: Domésticas, COVID-19, Legislación, Mujeres, Trabajo.
 
Abstract
 
The main objective of this work is to analyze the new trends in the labor rights of domestic workers worldwide as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, these women being a vulnerable group within the traditionally vulnerable workplace that will be much more exposed during the COVID 19 pandemic. A qualitative-quantitative approach methodology was used with a longitudinal non-experimental design that had an exploratory scope under the analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive method. It was determined that these workers are indeed among the groups that will have, according to the projections analyzed, a greater impact after the COVID-19 pandemic.
 
Keywords: Domestic, COVID-19, Legislation, Women, Work
Cancelar derechos, reconfigurar el neoliberalismo: Autoemboscada fiscal en la ley de fomento productivo aprobada en Ecuador (2018).
Authors: Baez Valencia Jonathan Xavier , Rosero Enríquez Robertho
Published: December 2021

Un gobierno sin ingresos es la casi garantía de poblaciones sin derechos. De tal forma que, si las estructuras llamadas a frenar las inequidades en una sociedad son aniquiladas, esto abre el camino para que “la lógica pura de mercado” opere. En efecto, el neoliberalismo se ha implementado. Sin embargo ¿Qué ocurre cuando el gobierno es el mismo impulsor de su destrucción? Nos encontramos ante una autoemboscada fiscal que tiene como fin la legitimización de ese régimen de desigualdad. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar cómo este proceso tuvo lugar en Ecuador a partir de la identificación de mecanismos específicos en la Ley de Fomento Productivo (2018). A través del método cuantitativo se logró demostrar cómo la aplicación de los articulados en cuatro ejes: i) tributario; ii) petrolero; iii) deuda externa y; iv) financiamiento interno significaron la negación de derechos económicos, salud y educación.
 
Palabras clave: desigualdad social, gobierno central, salud pública, derecho del trabajo, derecho a la educación.
 
Abstract
A government without income is the almost guarantee of populations without rights. In such a way that, if the structures called to stop inequities in a society are annihilated, this opens the way for “the pure logic of the market” to operate. In effect, neoliberalism has been implemented. However, what happens when the government is the very driver of its destruction? We are faced with a fiscal self-ambush that aims to legitimize this regime of inequality. The objective of this research is to analyze how this process took place in Ecuador from the identification of specific mechanisms in the Productive Promotion Law (2018). Through the quantitative method it was possible to demonstrate how the application of the articles in four axes: i) tributary; ii) oil tanker; iii) external debt and; iv) internal financing meant the denial of economic rights, health and education.
 
Keywords: social inequality, central government, public health, labor law, right to education.
El derecho a la educación en Ecuador: Análisis de retos y avances a lo largo de las revoluciones Alfarista, Juliana y Ciudadana
Authors: Portilla Faicán Gladys , Cale Lituma Josue , Dután Criollo Denisse
Published: December 2021

En este trabajo se aborda el derecho a la educación como el derecho humano fundamental para alcanzar el Buen Vivir. El objetivo de este estudio es plantear alternativas educativas en clave de derechos, en el contexto de desafíos educativos derivados del COVID-19. Se desarrolla un análisis cualitativo de fuentes bibliográficas acerca de la progresión del derecho a la educación en la política educativa de tres Revoluciones icónicas: Alfarista (1906), Juliana (1928-1929) y Ciudadana (2008). Como resultados del estudio bibliográfico se logra, primero, una lectura de la progresión del derecho a la educación, y segundo, el planteamiento de algunas propuestas para precautelar el derecho a la educación en el contexto actual de pandemia. Se concluye con una exhortación a reivindicar el derecho a la educación pública como elemento prioritario de la política educativa, para promover los demás derechos humanos, la transformación social y el Buen Vivir como derecho constitucional. 
 
Palabras clave: derecho a la educación, política educativa pública, transformación social.
 
Abstract
This work addresses the right to education as the fundamental human right to achieve Buen Vivir. The objective of this study is to propose educational alternatives in terms of rights, in the context of educational challenges derived from COVID-19. A qualitative analysis of bibliographic sources is developed about the progression of the right to education in the educational policy of three iconic Revolutions: Alfarist (1906), July (1928-1929) and Citizens’ (2008). As a result of the bibliographic study, first, a reading of the progression of the right to education is achieved, and second, some proposals to protect the right to education in the current context of a pandemic. It concludes with an exhortation to claim the right to public education as a priority element of educational policy, to promote other human rights, social transformation and Buen Vivir as a constitutional right education right, public educational policy.
 
Key words: education right, public educational policy, social transformation.
Lawfare, interdependencia armada y autoridad artificial penetrante en el poder judicial de América Latina.
Authors: Britto Londoño Rafael
Published: December 2021

Partiendo de los antecedentes del término, este ensayo señala que el lawfare es un concepto y un fenómeno propio del siglo XXI que no debe ser confundido con la simple persecución judicial de liderazgos políticos. Reconocido así mismo como operación de guerra que surge en el seno del orden neoliberal y como respuesta al declive de Estados Unidos y de Occidente en general, el lawfare requiere para su existencia, desarrollo y funcionamiento de unas condiciones objetivas/estructurales que le brinda la globalización neoliberal. De modo que, siguiendo una metodología con enfoque sistémico y estructuralista desde la posición de América Latina, los objetivos de este ensayo son identificar y describir las condiciones estructurales que le permiten al lawfare su existencia y operatividad sobre los sistemas jurídicos y los poderes judiciales de la región. Con el propósito de mantener el statu quo de la sociedad internacional a través de las operaciones de lawfare, Estados Unidos y Occidente dan forma a la interdependencia armada- concepto acuñado por Farrell & Newman - y a lo que aquí se nombra como autoridad artificial penetrante. La organización reticular, asimétrica y los componentes objetivos de la globalización neoliberal, en particular el Derecho global, son empleados con fines coercitivos (estratégicos) y de influencia. Esta combinación entre lo coercitivo y la influencia hace del lawfare un poder inteligente (smart power) sobre los poderes judiciales latinoamericanos. Se concluye que sin negar su participación concertada en las operaciones de lawfare, los poderes judiciales latinoamericanos se ven afectados e instrumentalizados, menos por la injerencia y más por las campañas de guerra de información y cognitiva y por la producción restringida del Derecho global.
 
Palabras clave: lawfare; interdependencia armada; autoridad artificial penetrante; poder judicial; Derecho global.
Posverdad jurídica, lawfare y nuevas dimensiones del derecho a la verdad
Authors: Médici Alejandro , Vallefín Juan Cruz
Published: December 2021

A partir de los aportes del cognocitivismo jurídico y el garantismo actual, se analizarán las nuevas dimensiones del derecho a la verdad bajo el contexto del Lawfare y la Posverdad en nuestra región latinoamericana. Para ello, luego de un somero análisis de los dos fenómenos antes mencionados, se problematizará sobre la verdad jurídica y sus alcances dentro de los debates actuales sobre memoria, verdad y justicia, contribuyendo a la discusión sobre la necesidad de reformar el poder judicial en miras de una sociedad democrática que garantice la no repetición del Lawfare, evitando las arbitrariedades del poder judicial.
 
Palabras clave: Lawfare, Posverdad, Derecho Crítico, Garantismo, Cognoticitivismo jurídico.
Los efectos del lawfare sobre la democracia brasileña: del lava-jato a bolsonaro
Authors: Salas Oroño Amílcar
Published: December 2021

Contorneando el hecho de que la "Operación Lava-Jato" ha sido cerrada como mega investigación judicial este mismo año 2021, esto no significa que el lawfare (en Brasil) pierda sentido como "agenda de investigación" o como "variable independiente" de sucesos actuales. Todo lo contrario, el lawfare continua en sus efectos, en la onda expansiva que sus movimientos iniciales han dejado como tendencia. En ese sentido, aquí se resaltará el lawfare y la Democracia, o más bien, en qué medida el lawfare ha sido un elemento clave en la degradación democrática, tanto como sistema institucional como cultura política ciudadana y de los representantes.
 
Palabras clave: Lawfare en Brasil; Democracia; Operación Lava-Jato; Bolsonaro.
Lawfare en Argentina: el desafío de repensar las estructuras de poder
Authors: Tomás Alejandro Javier
Published: December 2021

La finalidad del presente trabajo consiste en realizar un análisis del Lawfare en Argentina a los fines de determinar si existen herramientas que -de regularse adecuadamente- podrían evitar este fenómeno. Se busca poner en tela de juicio la organización constitucional del poder, y para ello se analizarán algunos factores desde una óptica regional, ya que se considera al Lawfare como una maniobra colonialista que opera sobre países de la región. En este sentido, se propone analizar los elementos que confluyen para su realización. En primer lugar, un breve desarrollo histórico del accionar del totalitarismo financiero como un factor de dominación en la región. En segundo término, los medios de comunicación, la necesidad de su regulación y se examinan algunos ejemplos de reformas constitucionales latinoamericanas en las que se han incluido. Por último, la estructura del poder político en Argentina, haciendo principal hincapié en el poder judicial, ya que es una de las herramientas fundamentales para impulsar las prácticas de Lawfare.
 
Palabras clave: Lawfare, Colonialismo, Constitucionalismo, Argentina
Factores limitantes en la producción del biodiésel de Jatropha curcas L
Authors: Avellán Ana , García Segundo , Burgos Gabriel , Moreira Carlos , García Oswaldo , Banchón Carlos
Published: December 2021

In order to reduce production costs of biodiesel, minimum transesterification conditions were herein evaluated. Limiting factors were determined to use calcium oxide and hydroxide catalysts, at different doses and concentrations in the transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. oil and methanol. It was determined that the presence of water, and content of free fatty acids (0,423-2,53% acidity) in the Jatropha oil are just a minimum inhibition factors, in comparison with atmospheric reaction conditions. In contrast, the 10:1 molar ratio of methanol and oil allowed a 98,9% yield of biodiesel when sodium hydroxide was used as catalyst. The same yield was obtained with or without oil esterification. In perspective, avoiding the poisoning of heterogeneous catalysts is still under study in the search for catalysts recovery from the reaction medium.

 

Index Terms—transesterification, nucleophilic reaction, oil, energy, biofuel.
Análisis del Plan Nacional de Eficiencia Energética en el Ecuador
Authors: Pazmiño Miranda Andrea Cristina
Published: December 2021

El cambio climático y los problemas ambientales han sido tratados por varios países que buscan la manera de mitigar los gases contaminantes, como una de las soluciones para contribuir a este bien común, se establece leyes y normas de eficiencia energética. En el Ecuador existe el Plan Nacional de Eficiencia Energética que consta de tres etapas, se analizó la primera etapa del plan con el objetivo de evaluar la situación actual de los proyectos y programas. La investigación realizada concluye que se intenta promover las normas y leyes dirigidas hacia la eficiencia energética. Sin embargo, en el país aún se requiere fortalecer e invertir en la promulgación de estos planes, de manera que se mejore las políticas energéticas y su aplicación. 

 

Palabras Claves — eficiencia energética, energía, programas de eficiencia energética, proyectos de eficiencia energética. 

 

Abstract— Climate change and environmental problems have been treated by several countries seeking ways to mitigate pollutant gases, as one of the solutions to contribute to this common good, energy efficiency laws and regulations are established. In Ecuador there is the National Energy Efficiency Plan that consists of three stages, the first stage of the plan was analyzed with the objective of assessing the current status of projects and programs. The research carried out concludes that it is intended to  promote the  norms and laws directed  towards energy efficiency. However, in the country it is still necessary to strengthen and invest in the promulgation of these plans, so that energy policies and their application are improved.

 

Index Terms— energy efficiency, energy, energy efficiency programs, energy efficiency projects.
Análisis de sobretensiones en líneas de transmisión de un sistema de dos segmentos. Caso de estudio: onda viajera por línea larga con conexión a cable aislado
Authors: Pazmiño Ordóñez Iván , Ponce Minaya Edwin Bernardo , Pico Mera Hugo Adrián
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo muestra un desarrollo metodológico analítico para el cálculo de sobretensiones, aplicable en circunstancias análogas al caso  de estudio planteado. Éste permite obtener de una manera simplificada los resultados alcanzados en una simulación realizada a través de una herramienta computacional. El objetivo radica en alcanzar un alto grado de proximidad en los resultados prescindiendo de la herramienta informática necesaria para este efecto cuando la complejidad del caso de estudio así lo permita, y de esta manera comprender la dinámica asociada a los parámetros que pueden tener una influencia decisiva en muchas de las sobretensiones presentes en un sistema eléctrico de potencia, lo que se perfila como una herramienta de gran utilidad para los operadores de la red en cuanto a la comprensión de la interrelación de las variables involucradas en el fenómeno de sobretensiones se refiere. Para evidenciar la efectividad de la metodología planteada se someten los resultados del cálculo analítico a un proceso de contraste con los obtenidos utilizando una herramienta computacional de amplia trayectoria en el estudio de sobretensiones eléctricas (ATPDraw®). Como resultado de dicha comparación se evidenciará un error menor al uno por ciento, lo que en términos prácticos puede considerarse como nulo, con lo cual queda validada el desarrollo metodológico analítico planteado. 

 

Palabras clave: Protección Contra Sobretensiones, Computación en Ingeniería Eléctrica, Fallas en líneas eléctricas.

 

Abstract- This study presents the analytical and detailed methodological development for the calculation of surges applicable in circumstances analogous to the case study. This allows to obtain a simplified way of the results obtained in a simulation carried out through a computational tool. The comet is based on achieving a high degree of proximity in the results without the necessary computer tool for this purpose when the complexity of the case study allows it, and  thus  understand  the  dynamics  associated  with  the parameters that can have a decisive influence in many of the overvoltages present  in an electrical power system, which is emerging as a very useful tool for network operators in terms of understanding the interrelation of the variables involved in the overvoltage phenomenon. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, the results of the analytical calculation are sometimes obtained in a process of contrast with the data using a computational tool with extensive experience in the study of electrical surges (ATPDraw®). As a result of this comparison, the null error will be evidenced in practical terms, which validates the said analytical methodological development. 

 

Keywords: Surge protection, Power engineering computing, power system faults.
Experiences of telehealth in general practice in Australia: research protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: White Sarah J , Nguyen Amy , Roger Peter , Tse Tim , Cartmill John A , Willcock Simon Mark
Published: December 2021

Background

Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of telehealth has expanded rapidly. However, little is known about the impact of delivering care through telehealth on communication between clinicians and patients. At an interactional level, the ways in which clinicians establish rapport and connection with their patients in telehealth consultations is not well understood.

Aim

This study will explore interactional practices of GPs and patients in telehealth consultations to develop evidence-based resources to improve communication.

Design & setting

The study will be conducted within the Australian general practice setting.

Method

Conversation analysis and sociolinguistic discourse analysis of recorded telehealth consultations will provide direct evidence of specific elements contributing to successful and less successful instances of telehealth communication. This analysis will be complemented by co-design techniques such as qualitative and reflective interviews, and collaborative workshops with telehealth users including both GPs and patients.

Conclusion

Effective communication is critical for telehealth consultations and is central to achieving optimal clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Evidence-based guidelines encompassing effective telehealth communication strategies will be co-developed with end-users in this study.
Addressing Nature-Deficit Disorder Using A Multi-program Area, Multi-State Approach
Authors: Williams Rod , Cordes Robert , Koetz Rebecca , Brooke Jarred , Hunt Molly , Pedigo Lindsey
Published: December 2021

Youth are spending less time outdoors compared to previous generations. Because youth spend much of their time in school, teachers can provide the critical linkages that introduce students to nature. Unfortunately, teachers often lack access to standards-based STEAM curricula focused on natural resources, do not feel comfortable taking their students outside, and may not be knowledgeable about how to incorporate nature into the classroom. Addressing the nature deficit disorder facing today’s youth and the lack of professional development for teachers requires involvement from Extension (agriculture and natural resources specialists, health and human science educators) and natural resources professionals.
ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГІЯ ПОНЯТТЯ «ПЕДАГОГІЧНЕ СУПЕРВІЗОРСТВО»
Authors: Зеленська Л. Д.
Published: December 2021

The materials of the theses actualize the problem of organization the
supervision in the conditions of reforming the secondary education in
Ukraine and the current legislation; reveal approaches to the interpretation
of the basic concepts of pedagogical supervision: supervision (mentoring),
supervisor (mentor), supervised (student, teacher), educational supervision,
psychological supervision.
ДЕЯКІ ПИТАННЯ ДУХОВНО-ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ ДІТЕЙ У ВІТЧИЗНЯНІЙ ПЕДАГОГІЧНІЙ СПАДЩИНІ НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ
Authors: Ялліна В. Л.
Published: December 2021

In the article are analysed the historic-pedagogical researches of
Ukrainian scientists in the problem of mental and intellectual education of
the begining of XX century. The basic approaches to mental and intellectual
education of the children’s person in the view of domestic pedagogical
scientists (0. Muzychenko, S. Rusova, Y.Chepiga and others ) are presented
QUALITY OF EDUCATION OF STUDENTS IN SECONDARY TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Oksyuta O. , Nesterova D.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the approaches to assessing the quality of education in the systems of secondary technical education, the main components in the assessment of professional competen-cies of students, the regulatory requirements for the assessment system.
Między teorią a praktyką wychowania – czego dziś możemy nauczyć się z Orbis sensualium pictus Jana Amosa Komeńskiego
Authors: Fijałkowski Adam
Published: December 2021

The most important merits of Comenius in the history of education are his justification and the use of visualization in teaching, describing and justifying the class-lesson system with a breakdown into subjects of teaching, and he is credited with the work of the “improvement of human affairs” in the world in the spirit of “humanistic values”. A careful reading of Comenius’ textbooks, in particular his Orbis sensualium pictus (1658), shows that all these “merits” are the result of a simplified interpretation or even misinterpretation of his works, in particular – focusing only on the theoretical and visionary texts by Comenius and not taking into account his textbooks.
Symbolika i funkcja postaci literackich w "Labiryncie świata i raju serca" Jana Amosa Komeńskiego
Authors: Borkowski Andrzej
Published: December 2021

The presented research concerns the functions and symbolism of the characters in "Labyrinth of the World and Paradise of the Heart" by John Amos Comenius. In this work, the characters are largely typified and are examples that serve the author’s in-depth spiritual reflection. The negative features of the heroes are often shown by Comenius in animal costumes. Symbolic associations with the world of fauna refer to the inner sphere of man and show his moral condition.
Amicus Plato, kilka uwag o Janie Amosie Komeńskim i jego czasach
Authors: Nowak Zbigniew
Published: December 2021

The life and output of outstanding people, and John Amos Comenius was undoubtedly one of them, is often judged ahistorically and selectively, exposing what has stood the test of time, was a precursor to the future. It is forgotten, because it does not fit into the idealized picture, that like everyone, even the greatest were children of their times, they shared the opinions and superstitions of their contemporaries, and their successes and failures were determined by forces and processes far beyond their extraordinary possibilities. Comenius' achievements, the fact that he did not play such a role in the creation of pedagogy and universal school as he could, were burdened by the debilitating wars, the religious division of Europe caused by the speech of Martin Luther and the Scholar’s unequivocal standing on one side of the dispute, which for a long time practically closed the other, antagonistic side and most of the Continent to his pedagogical ideas.
El derecho a vivir bien desde el sistema jurídico comunitario y su implicancia en el traslado de la ciudad de Cerro de Pasco, producto de los trabajos mineros a tajo abierto
Authors: Palacios Cárdenas Eda Denise
Published: December 2021

El artículo resume el estudio realizado sobre la importancia de entender el vivir bien, tan conocido por nuestros pueblos ancestrales, como una forma de vida con y para la naturaleza y cómo su comprensión puede cimentar la planificación que permita el traslado de la población de Cerro de Pasco, ciudad nacida como minera, producto de sus inmensas vetas argentífiras y de qué forma este «milagro» natural se ha convertido en su propia destrucción. Durante más de un siglo se viene escribiendo sobre la urgencia de alojar a la población en un medio ambiente lejano a los trabajos mineros; sin embargo, la existencia de leyes no ha permitido concretar el ansiado sueño de vivir con dignidad, pues no importa que la salud de todos sus pobladores se menoscabe en la misma proporción en que se extraen los minerales. Asimismo, junto con la afectación al derecho a la salud, se afectan otros como el del patrimonio cultural, el medio ambiente, el desarrollo y la paz.
Interpretación y criterios objetivos para determinar la pensión de alimentos basada en los «estudios exitosos»
Authors: Baldino Mayer Nicolás , Romero Basurco David Gustavo
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo gira en torno a dos objetivos: desentrañar el significado de los estudios exitosos en el marco de la pensión de alimentos para hijos mayores de 18 años y definir criterios objetivos para su otorgamiento y cuantificación. Para tal fin, en primer lugar, se diferenciará la naturaleza de dicha pensión respecto de la que ostentan los menores de edad y los hijos mayores incapaces; posteriormente, realizaremos un análisis axiológico e interpretaremos la normativa del Código Civil involucrada de manera literal, sistemática y teleológica. Finalmente, se evaluará la incidencia que tiene el concepto «estado de necesidad» y la capacidad económica del obligado. La importancia de este trabajo radica en otorgar criterios sencillos y claros que faciliten la argumentación y uniformidad en las decisiones judiciales.
El derecho constitucional y la educación judicial
Authors: Domínguez Haro Helder
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo nos demuestra el devenir de la enseñanza del derecho constitucional (y del derecho procesal constitucional) en los procedimientos de educación de jueces en las últimas cinco décadas realizados por el Poder Judicial y la Academia de la Magistratura. Desde una reflexión y análisis crítico, el autor identifica el tratamiento que han merecido los cursos sobre derecho constitucional en cada década, a la par con las etapas de la enseñanza de esta disciplina en el ámbito académico. Advierte que la capacitación judicial en temas constitucionales —en términos generales— no ha tenido la regularidad esperada; no obstante los esfuerzos que ello supone por parte de las dependencias comprometidas con potencializar las capacidades de los magistrados. Asimismo, enfatiza la necesidad de generar lo que se ha llegado a denominar «sentimiento constitucional» en la formación profesional de los jueces, que involucra el reto de asumir políticas públicas de capacitación de acuerdo con nuestros tiempos.