bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergence of selectivity and specificity in a coarse-grained model of the nuclear pore complex with sequence-agnostic FG-Nups
Authors: Patel Manoj K. , Chakrabarti Buddhapriya , Panwar Ajay S.
Published: November 2023

A polymer-based minimal NPC model shows increased selectivity for FG-Nup fractions corresponding to yeast and human NPCs.
Topological line defects in hexagonal SiC monolayer
Authors: Morais Wallace P. , Inacio Guilherme J. , Amorim Rodrigo G. , Paz Wendel S. , Pansini Fernando N. N. , de Souza Fábio A. L.
Published: November 2023

Defect engineering of two-dimensional (2D) materials offers an unprecedented route to increase their functionality and broaden their applicability.
The uniaxial zero thermal expansion and zero linear compressibility in distorted Prussian blue analogue RbCuCo(CN)6
Authors: Wang Lei , Sun Ya-Ning , Wei Xian-Deng , Yin Meng , Chen Ying , Miura Hideo , Suzuki Ken , Wang Cong
Published: November 2023

The coexistence of uniaxial zero thermal expansion (ZTE) and zero linear compressibility (ZLC) in distorted Prussian blue analogue RbCuCo(CN)6 is reported.
Redox-active ligands – a viable route to reactive main group metal compounds
Authors: Briand Glen G.
Published: November 2023

This article highlights studies that probe the oxidation/reduction of main group metal compounds possessing redox-active ligands and comments on the prospects for this relatively untapped avenue of research.
A novel optical temperature sensor and energy transfer properties based on Tb3+/Sm3+ codoped SrY2(MoO4)4 phosphors
Authors: Kachou Ikhlas , Dammak Mohamed , Auguste Sandy , Amiard Frederic , Daniel Philippe
Published: November 2023

A series of SrY2(MoO4)4 phosphors doped and co-doped with Tb3+/Sm3+ ions was synthesized to develop new optical temperature sensor materials.
Heterostructured metal oxides realized by quenching-induced structural transformation
Authors: Ye Changchun , Pan Zhenghui , Zhang Qinghua , Yin Fang , Wang Yanan , Li Yifei , Chen Guangxu , Li Jia , Qiu Yongcai , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Gu Lin , Lin Zhang , Guo Lin
Published: November 2023

A multiple quenching strategy is developed to prepare heterostructured NiMoO4/NiFe2O4 catalyst by in situ structural transforming small size (<27 nm) NiMoO4 to NiFe2O4, thus delivering significant OER/ORR catalytic activity in zinc–air batteries.
Catalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride using surface nitrogen-rich activated carbon based on polyaniline
Authors: Zhang Kaibin , Wang Ziyu , Liu Xingyong , Yang Guo , Jiang Caiyi , Pan Zhicheng , Liu Xiaonan , Wang Yi , Xing Bo
Published: November 2023

Nitrogen-doped activated carbon (AC) was synthesized by both in situ doping and post-treatment methods and its efficiency in activating persulfate for antibiotic degradation was investigated.
Inhibitors of human bitter taste receptors from the five-flavour berry, Schisandra chinensis
Authors: Soh Ryan , Fu Lin , Guo Wei Mei , Seetoh Wei-Guang , Koay Ann
Published: November 2023

Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans inhibit several bitter taste receptors and may be useful compounds in bitterness reduction of functional foods.
Exploring immunoregulatory properties of a phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract through integrated proteomics and in vitro assays
Authors: Puopolo Tess , Chen Ying , Ma Hang , Liu Chang , Seeram Navindra P.
Published: November 2023

Phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract (MSX) demonstrates immunoregulatory properties within the context of inflammation, manifesting its regulatory effects across both innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby unveiling its therapeutic promise.
A simple and convenient strategy for the oxidation of C(sp3)–H bonds based on γ-valerolactone
Authors: Wang Anwei , Huang Jiayin , Zhao Chunsheng , Fan Yu , Qian Junfeng , Chen Qun , He Mingyang , Zhou Weiyou
Published: November 2023

This work reports on a new carbon-centered radical based on γ-valerolactone (GVL) that can activate C(sp3)–H bonds and has application potential in various radical-mediated reactions.
Co–MnO/C nanoparticles derived from MOFs with improved conductivity and reduced volume change for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yiting , Zheng Jie , He Changjian , Li Xiaochun , Rui Yichuan , Tang Bohejin
Published: November 2023

The specific capacity tested at 100 and 1000 mA g−1 can still reach 1414 and 772 mA h g−1, respectively, after about 300 cycles.
The device performance limit of in-plane monolayer VTe2/WTe2 heterojunction-based field-effect transistors
Authors: Tan Xingyi , Li Qiang , Ren Dahua , Fu Hua-Hua
Published: November 2023

To overcome the scaling restriction on silicon-based field-effect transistors (FETs), two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been strongly proposed as alternative materials.
Theoretical and experimental investigations of enhanced carbon nanotube-gold interface conductivity through nitrogen doping
Authors: Miao Rui , Liang Yujian , Wen Ruolan , Jiang Zhenhong , Wang Yue , Shao Qingyi
Published: November 2023

With the introduction of nitrogen, the Schottky barrier and contact resistance between the carbon nanotubes and the gold electrode are reduced, and the device performance is improved.
Exploration of 3,4-unsubstituted coumarins as thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitors for cancer therapy
Authors: Nikitjuka A. , Ozola M. , Jackevica L. , Bobrovs R. , Žalubovskis R.
Published: November 2023

The synthesis and estimation of the structure–activity relationship of a range of 3,4-unsubstituted coumarins are described. Natural-like scaffold of coumarin remains a privileged source of potential TrxR1 inhibitors for anticancer application.
Syntheses of 3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones by copper-promoted oxidative N–N bond formation of amidines with isocyanates
Authors: Liang Baihui , Cai Xiangya , Liu JingYu , Huang Jie , Chen Youzhi , Deng Haiyin , Zhou Quanquan , Chen Tianxiang , Chen Xiuwen , Zhu Zhongzhi
Published: November 2023

A copper-promoted [3 + 2] annulation reaction of amidine hydrochlorides and isocyanates for the synthesis of 3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones is presented.
Evolving approaches in glioma treatment: harnessing the potential of copper metabolism modulation
Authors: Cazzoli Riccardo , Zamborlin Agata , Ermini Maria Laura , Salerno Antonietta , Curcio Manuela , Nicoletta Fiore Pasquale , Iemma Francesca , Vittorio Orazio , Voliani Valerio , Cirillo Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

Copper overload or depletion is a valuable strategy in oncology: copper nanoparticles carry out copper-dependent apoptosis via oxidative stress; copper chelators induce apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis and tumor progression.
Engineered aptamers for molecular imaging
Authors: Lin Bingqian , Xiao Feng , Jiang Jinting , Zhao Zhengjia , Zhou Xiang
Published: November 2023

Molecular imaging, including quantification and molecular interaction studies, plays a crucial role in visualizing and analysing molecular events. Aptamers are wildly employed in molecular imaging with a wide range of targets and imaging modalities.
Improving the potential of paraCEST through magnetic-coupling induced line sharpening
Authors: Guo Xin , Zhang Lei , Hu Jiesheng , Szilágyi Balázs , Yu Meng , Chen Shizhen , Tircsó Gyula , Zhou Xin , Tao Jun
Published: November 2023

A paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (paraCEST) imaging agent based on a homodinuclear Ni(ii) complex exhibits enhanced CEST efficiency due to magnetic-coupling induced line sharpening effect.
Understanding divergent substrate stereoselectivity in the isothiourea-catalysed conjugate addition of cyclic α-substituted β-ketoesters to α,β-unsaturated aryl esters
Authors: Yuan Ding , Goodfellow Alister S. , Kasten Kevin , Duan Zhuan , Kang Tengfei , Cordes David B. , McKay Aidan P. , Bühl Michael , Boyce Gregory R. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: November 2023

Divergent stereoselectivity is rationalised in isothiourea catalysed conjugate additions of β-keto esters.
Modular preparation of functional bimetallic spinels from metal–organic frameworks: a deep exploration from macro and micro perspectives
Authors: Li Qi , Zhu Yuan , Cheng Min , Du Li , Zhao Meihua , Zhang Gaoxia , Wang Guangfu , Wang Wenjun , Liu Hongda , Chen Yongxi , Xiao Wenjun
Published: November 2023

This highlight focuses on the advancements of MOF-derived bimetallic spinels. It explores their synthesis strategies, performance optimization, and the recent applications in energy and environmental remediation.
Regulating the kinetic behaviours of polysulfides by designing an Au–COF interface in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Chan , Yang Ke , Ma Zelin , Zhao Fei , Li Juan , Xu Xinwu , Hao Xiaoyu , Qi Haoyuan , He Yibo
Published: November 2023

Au–COF/rGO was designed to build a multifunctional interface, which can form an orderly connection between confinement–capture–conversion of polysulfides and promote the diffusion of Li+, achieving outstanding performance of Li–S batteries.
Spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene]-based hole shuttle materials for effective defect passivation in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yadagiri Bommaramoni , Sandhu Sanjay , Kaliamurthy Ashok Kumar , Asiam Francis Kwaku , Park Jongdeok , Mensah Appiagyei Ewusi , Lee Jae-Joon
Published: November 2023

The molecular engineering of the interface modulator between the perovskite and hole transporting material (HTM) is crucial to achieving satisfactory performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
Switching the adsorption sites of PMS on SrCoO2.52 to enhance catalytic performance
Authors: Yu Dan , He Jiahong , Xie Taiping , Xu Qiang , Chen Houyang , Xiang Bin
Published: November 2023

The PMS is initially adsorbed on the Co site of the SCC-2. The electron transfer from the SC matrix to the Co sites of surface Co3O4 enables the adsorbed PMS to generate ROSs. Finally, the ENR was degraded to be intermediates, CO2, H2O, NO3−, and F− under the continuous attack of ROSs.
Recent advancements in Mg-based micromotors for biomedical and environmental applications
Authors: Wang Yue , Qin Boyu , Gao Sihan , Wang Xuanchun , Zhang Hongyue , Wu Zhiguang
Published: November 2023

Synthetic micro/nanomotors have attracted considerable attention due to their promising potential in the field of biomedicine.
Emission-tunable silver clusters constrained within EMT zeolite
Authors: Yuan Jinping , Li Qianrui , Yue Chunmei , Wang Na , Li Peng , Li Huanrong
Published: November 2023

This study proposes a method of modifying zeolites in advance to improve the luminescence properties of silver-exchanged EMT zeolites. We prepared blue LED and cold-white LED devices by coating the prepared silver-loaded composites on a near-ultraviolet 365 nm chip.
Applying a Developmental Model to Preliterate Aided Language Learning
Authors: Binger Cathy , Harrington Nancy , Kent-Walsh Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

Childhood spoken language interventions and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions share a common purpose: maximizing communication and language outcomes. To ensure that interventions for children who require AAC also address expressive language acquisition, this clinical focus article focuses on how to apply a developmental model of language acquisition to guide AAC decision making for preliterate aided communicators, with a particular focus on vocabulary selection.

Method:

A brief review of early expressive language development is presented, along with arguments for why relying on a developmental model to guide AAC decision making is so critical. A series of detailed examples of how to apply a developmental model to various AAC vocabulary selection approaches are provided, including analyses of how well each approach aligns with pragmatic, semantic, grammatical, and narrative development.

Conclusions:

No single AAC approach for preliterate AAC language learners adequately addresses both immediate and longer-term expressive language needs; every approach has both strengths and weaknesses. Clinical decision making requires an analysis of each approach to ensure that AAC service delivery teams clearly understand the inevitable linguistic gaps, with plans put into place to fill in those gaps with different approaches. Future efforts to improve preliterate AAC service provision should use a developmental model of language as a starting point, in combination with input from families, educators, and clinicians to ensure the feasibility of the chosen approaches.
The Impact of Stimulus Length in Tongue and Lip Movement Pattern Stability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Teplansky Kristin J. , Wisler Alan , Goffman Lisa , Wang Jun
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of stimulus signal length on tongue and lip motion pattern stability in speakers diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared to healthy controls.

Method:

Electromagnetic articulography was used to derive articulatory motion patterns from individuals with mild (
n
= 27) and severe (
n
= 16) ALS and healthy controls (
n
= 25). The spatiotemporal index (STI) was used as a measure of articulatory stability. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate signal length effects on the STI: (a) the effect of the number of syllables on STI values and (b) increasing lengths of subcomponents of a single phrase. Two-way mixed analyses of variance were conducted to assess the effects of syllable length and group on the STI for the tongue tip (TT), tongue back (TB), and lower lip (LL).

Results:

Experiment 1 showed a significant main effect of syllable length (TT,
p
< .001; TB,
p
< .001; and LL,
p
< .001) and group (TT,
p
= .037; TB,
p
= .007; and LL,
p
= .017). TB and LL stability was generally higher with speech stimuli that included a greater number of syllables. Articulatory variability was significantly higher in speakers diagnosed with ALS compared to healthy controls. Experiment 2 showed a significant main effect of length (TT,
p
< .001; TB,
p
= .015; and LL,
p
< .001), providing additional support that STI values tend to be greater when calculated on longer speech signals.

Conclusions:

Articulatory stability is influenced by the length of speech signals and manifests similarly in both healthy speakers and persons with ALS. TT stability may be significantly impacted by phonemic content due to greater movement flexibility. Compared to healthy controls, there was an increase in articulatory variability in those with ALS, which likely reflects deviations in speech motor control.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24463924
Design of an intelligent transformer oil sampling system
Authors: Pei Shaotong , Sun Haichao
Published: November 2023

In response to the transformer oil sampling requirements within substations, this paper presents the design and development of a highly intelligent transformer oil sampling system. The robot employs a tracked mobile chassis and a gantry robotic arm, offering high mobility stability and operational reliability. The system effectively conducted oil sampling operations in an extra‐high voltage substation, obtaining valuable oil samples that validate the structural and functional reliability of the system, as well as its stability in complex working environments. This research provides a promising solution for transformer maintenance and health monitoring, with the potential to play a significant role in power equipment maintenance.
Enhanced robust diagnosis of multiple‐type demagnetisation fault for permanent magnet synchronous motor based on D‐axis magnetic network model using magnetic field reconstruction
Authors: He Wang , Hang Jun , Ding Shichuan
Published: November 2023

Demagnetisation fault (DF) is a common rotor fault in the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). DF can cause obvious changes in the magnetic field of PMSMs. As a result, previous DF diagnosis methods mainly depends on magnetic field analysis. However, conventional analysis methods based on the magnetic potential‐permeability method, sub‐domain method and magnetic equivalent circuit method are not suitable for DF condition. In addition, DF diagnosis is further complicated by various operating conditions. To address these issues, a robust DF diagnosis method is proposed for PMSM based on d‐axis magnetic network model using magnetic field reconstruction. The proposed fault diagnosis method employs magnetic field reconstruction to obtain the radial air‐gap flux density under the open‐circuit condition. Subsequently, a d‐axis magnetic network is established to solve the demagnetisation coefficient matrix in the DF state. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulations and experiments. Both results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately recognise uniform DF and partial DF with multiple demagnetised permanent magnets, exhibiting great robustness against different operating conditions.
Dual‐route synthetic‐to‐real adaption for single image dehazing
Authors: Qiao Yingxu , Huo Zhanqiang , Meng Sensen
Published: November 2023

Single image dehazing in real scenarios is still a particularly challenging task due to the large domain discrepancy between synthetic and real hazy images. To address this problem, the dual‐route domain‐aware adaptation framework with the bridging domain is proposed. First, inspired by the effective multistage strategy in low‐level tasks, the bridging domain is constructed with the color‐preserved adaptive histogram equalization to facilitate the adaptation and improve the performance of real hazy images. Second, the totally shared structure is relaxed and the residual dual‐path domain‐aware modules (RDDM) for synthetic and the bridging domains are proposed, which facilitates extracting the domain‐specific haze information with the different parameters. Third, a half‐cyclic constraint is proposed for the unsupervised hazy images to avoid structure distortion during the unsupervised adversarial training process. Finally, for convenience in the inference stage, feature enhancement modules (FEM) are proposed for the original real hazy images to learn the pre‐process operation in the training stage. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the dehazing performance on synthetic and real hazy images.
A remaining useful life prediction method of SiC MOSFET considering failure threshold uncertainty
Authors: Wu Qunfang , Xu Boyuan , Xiao Lan , Wang Qin
Published: November 2023

Different methods have been developed to predict power devices' remaining useful life (RUL). The existing methods need to specify the failure thresholds corresponding to failure precursors of power devices based on historical data. However, there might be heterogeneity in failure threshold between different devices despite being from the same batch, which can severely affect the RUL prediction performance. Aiming at this problem, this article proposes an RUL prediction method based on the non‐linear Wiener process considering the failure threshold uncertainty. To incorporate the failure threshold uncertainty into the RUL prediction, the truncated normal distribution is employed to characterize this uncertainty. The maximum‐likelihood estimation method is used to estimate the model parameters based on the historical degradation data. Then, the parameters can be dynamically updated by the Bayesian paradigm each time a new piece of condition monitoring (CM) data of the interested device in service is observed. This makes the predicted RUL dependent on the real‐time health conditions of the interested device in service. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated with the power cycling testing results of SiC MOSFETs. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method can reduce the prediction error by 10.273%.
LHAASO J2108+5157 as a molecular cloud illuminated by a supernova remnant
Authors: Mitchell A. M. W.
Published: November 2023

Context. The search for Galactic PeVatrons – astrophysical accelerators of cosmic rays to PeV energies – has entered a new phase in recent years with the discovery of the first ultra-high-energy (UHE, E > 100 TeV) γ-ray sources by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory and Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Establishing whether the emission is leptonic or hadronic in nature, however, requires multi-wavelength data and modelling studies. Among the currently known UHE sources, LHAASO J2108+5157 is an enigmatic source without clear association to a plausible accelerator, yet spatially coincident with molecular clouds.

Aims. We aim to investigate the scenario of a molecular cloud illuminated by cosmic rays accelerated in a nearby supernova remnant (SNR) as an explanation for LHAASO J2108+5157. We aim to constrain the required properties of the SNR as well as which of the clouds identified in the vicinity is the most likely association.

Methods. We used a model for cosmic-ray acceleration in SNRs, their transport through the interstellar medium, and subsequent interaction with molecular material to predict the corresponding γ-ray emission. The parameter space of SNR properties was explored to find the most plausible parameter combination that can account for the γ-ray spectrum of LHAASO J2108+5157.

Results. In the case that a SNR is illuminating the cloud, we find that it must be young (< 10 kyr) and located within 40–60 pc of the cloud. A SN scenario with a low Sedov time is preferred, with a maximum proton energy of 3 PeV assumed. No SNRs matching these properties are currently known, although an as yet undetected SNR remains feasible. The Galactic CR sea is insufficient to solely account for the observed flux, such that a PeVatron accelerator must be present in the vicinity.
A combined LOFAR and XMM-Newton analysis of the disturbed cluster PSZ2G113.91-37.01
Authors: Campitiello M. G. , Bonafede A. , Botteon A. , Lovisari L. , Ettori S. , Brunetti G. , Gastaldello F. , Rossetti M. , Cassano R. , Ignesti A. , van Weeren R. J. , Brüggen M. , Hoeft M.
Published: November 2023

In this work, we investigate the interplay between the X-ray and radio emission of the cluster PSZ2G113.91-37.01 (z = 0.371) using the high-quality XMM-Newton observations of the Cluster HEritage project with XMM-Newton – Mass Assembly and Thermodynamics at the Endpoint of structure formation (CHEX-MATE), and the images from the second data release of the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey (LoTSS-DR2). The cluster is undergoing a merger along the north-south axis and shows a central radio halo and two radio relics, one in the southern region and one in the northern one. Analysis of the intracluster medium (ICM) distribution revealed the presence of a northern surface brightness (SB) jump associated with the merger event. By extracting spectra across this discontinuity, we classified the edge as a cold front. Furthermore, we made use of upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations that allowed us to perform a spectral analysis of the G113 radio emission. We found evidence for the re-acceleration of particles in the northern relic, and we measured an associated Mach number of ℳ = 1.95 ± 0.01, as inferred from radio observations. We then performed a point-to-point analysis of the X-ray and radio emission, both in the halo and in the northern relic regions. We found a strong correlation for the halo and an anti-correlation for the relic. The former behaviour is in agreement with previous studies. The relic anti-correlation is likely related to the reverse radial distribution of the X-ray (increasing towards the cluster centre) and radio (decreasing towards the cluster centre) emissions. Finally, we performed a point-to-point analysis of the radio emission and the residuals obtained by subtracting a double β model from the X-ray emission. We found a strong correlation between the two quantities. This behaviour suggests the presence of a connection between the process responsible for the radio emission and the one that leaves fluctuations in the X-ray observations.
β Pictoris b through the eyes of the upgraded CRIRES+
Authors: Landman R. , Stolker T. , Snellen I. A. G. , Costes J. , de Regt S. , Zhang Y. , Gandhi S. , Molliere P. , Kesseli A. , Vigan A. , Sanchez-López A.
Published: November 2023

Context. High-resolution spectrographs fed by adaptive optics (AO) provide a unique opportunity to characterize directly imaged exoplanets. Observations with such instruments allow us to probe the atmospheric composition, spin rotation, and radial velocity of the planet, thereby helping to reveal information on its formation and migration history. The recent upgrade of the Cryogenic High-Resolution Infrared Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES+) at the VLT makes it a highly suitable instrument for characterizing directly imaged exoplanets.

Aims. In this work, we report on observations of β Pictoris b with CRIRES+ and use them to constrain the planets atmospheric properties and update the estimation of its spin rotation.

Methods. The data were reduced using the open-source pycrires package. We subsequently forward-modeled the stellar, planetary, and systematic contribution to the data to detect molecules in the planet’s atmosphere. We also used atmospheric retrievals to provide new constraints on its atmosphere.

Results. We confidently detected water and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere of β Pictoris b and retrieved a slightly sub-solar carbon-to-oxygen ratio, which is in agreement with previous results. The interpretation is hampered by our limited knowledge of the C/O ratio of the host star. We also obtained a much improved constraint on its spin rotation of 19.9 ± 1.0 kms−1, which gives a rotation period of 8.7 ± 0.8 h, assuming no obliquity. We find that there is a degeneracy between the metallicity and clouds, but this has minimal impact on the retrieved C/O, υ sin i, and radial velocity. Our results show that CRIRES+ is performing well and stands as a highly useful instrument for characterizing directly imaged planets.
First GMVA observations with the upgraded NOEMA facility: VLBI imaging of BL Lacertae in a flaring state
Authors: Kim Dae-Won , Janssen Michael , Krichbaum Thomas P. , Boccardi Bia , MacDonald Nicholas R. , Ros Eduardo , Lobanov Andrei P. , Zensus J. Anton
Published: November 2023

We analyze a single-epoch Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA) observation of the blazar BL Lacertae (BL Lac) at 86 GHz from April 2021. The participation of the upgraded, phased Northern Extended Millimetre Array (NOEMA) adds additional sensitivity to the GMVA, which has facilitated the imaging of BL Lac during an unprecedentedly strong γ-ray flare. We aim to explore the nature of the inner subparsec jet of BL Lac and the impact of the NOEMA participation in the observation. For the data reduction, we employed two advanced automatic pipelines: rPICARD for the flux density calibration as well as the model-agnostic signal stabilization and GPCAL for the antenna leakage calibration. The conventional hybrid imaging (CLEAN + amplitude and phase self-calibration) was applied to the calibrated visibilities to generate final VLBI images. We performed a ridge-line analysis and Gaussian model-fits on the final jet image to derive the jet parameters. In our data, the presence of NOEMA improves the image sensitivity by a factor of 2.5. The jet shows a clear wiggling structure within 0.4 mas from the core. Our ridge-line analysis suggests the presence of a helical jet structure (i.e., a sinusoidal pattern). Six circular Gaussian components were fitted to the inner jet region. We estimated an apparent brightness temperature of ∼3 × 1012 K in the two innermost components. They are likely to be highly boosted by relativistic beaming effect. We find four significant polarized knots in the jet. Interestingly, two of them are located in the core region. Finally, we suggest a number of physical scenarios to interpret our results.
Konkremente des Tränenapparates
Authors: Stein Marlene , Bethmann Daniel , Viestenz Arne , Wickenhauser Claudia , Struck Hans-Gert , Heichel Jens
Published: November 2023

Konkremente des Tränenapparates, sog. Dakryolithen, können an unterschiedlichen Lokalisationen auftreten und führen zu verschiedenen klinischen Zeichen. Gemeinsam ist das Auftreten chronischer Entzündungen, die akut exazerbieren können. Anhand einer Literaturrecherche sowie deskriptiver Vorstellung und Korrelation der Klinik mit histopathologischen Befunden sollen die wichtigsten Informationen zur Epidemiologie, Ätiopathogenese, Zusammensetzung, Histologie und Therapie gegeben werden. Weiterhin werden die bekannten Einflussfaktoren zur Lithogenese im Tränensack zusammengefasst. Konkremente der Tränendrüse zeigen eine Schwellung im Bereich des lateralen Kanthus. Die häufig nur mit leichten Schmerzen einhergehende Veränderung führt oft auch zu einer umschriebenen konjunktivalen Hyperämie. Histologisch ist das Gewebe der Tränendrüse von einer akut-erosiven bis chronischen Entzündungsreaktion gekennzeichnet. Die Konkremente bestehen aus amorphem Material. Das entzündliche Infiltrat ist von neutrophilen Granulozyten dominiert. Tränenröhrchensteine sind in hohem Maße mit dem klinischen Bild einer chronischen Kanalikulitis assoziiert. Klinisch liegen zumeist eine Epiphora und ein purulenter Sekretausfluss im Bereich des betroffenen Tränenröhrchens vor. Die Konkremente der Tränenröhrchen weisen typischerweise Actinomyces-Drusen auf. Das umgebende Gewebe reagiert mit einer plasmazellulären sowie granulozytären Infiltration. Dakryolithen (Konkremente des Tränensackes) manifestieren sich im Rahmen einer Dakryozystitis, wobei hier sowohl akute als auch chronische Entzündungen vorkommen. Sie werden in bis zu 18% der Dakryozystorhinostomien gefunden und stellen eine große diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Wiederkehrende episodenhafte Epiphora mit mukopurulenter Sekretion und akuter Dakryozystitis sind typisch. Zumeist besteht eine Spülbarkeit der ableitenden Tränenwege. Histologisch imponiert ein lymphozytäres Infiltrat mit submuköser Fibrose. Unmittelbar angrenzend zu den Konkrementen finden sich Zeichen einer akuten Entzündungsreaktion. Das therapeutische Mittel der Wahl ist die Extraktion der Konkremente und die Beseitigung der Tränenabflussstörung, da hierin ein wichtiger Faktor zur Entstehung gesehen wird.
Die E-Zigarette – Mittel zur Tabakentwöhnung?
Authors: Franzen Klaas , Pankow Wulf , Andreas Stefan
Published: November 2023

Tabakentwöhnung in Deutschland Nachdem der Tabakkonsum über mehrere Jahre rückläufig war, zeigt sich aktuell eine Stagnation bzw. ein Wiederanstieg der Rauchenden in Deutschland. Die Ursachen erscheinen vielfältig, wie z. B. Belastungen durch die Pandemie mit der sozialen Isolation, steigende Lebenshaltungskosten und Krieg in Europa. Bei einem weiterhin stark verbreiteten Tabakkonsum in der deutschen Bevölkerung wird eine evidenzbasierte Tabakentwöhnung nur selten durchgeführt.

Gesundheitsrisiken der E-Zigarette Nach neueren Studien sind E-Zigaretten an der Pathogenese von Lungenerkrankungen, Herz- und Gefäßschädigungen beteiligt. Zudem wirken ihre Inhaltsstoffe auch karzinogen. Klinische Untersuchungen zum dauerhaften Konsum liegen aber bisher nicht vor.

Wie wirksam ist die E-Zigarette bei der Tabakentwöhnung? E-Zigaretten als Konsumentenprodukt sind den in Leitlinien empfohlenen Nikotin-Ersatzpräparaten und suchthemmenden Medikamenten nicht überlegen. Im therapeutischen Setting sind sie etwas besser wirksam als Nikotin-Ersatzpräparate. Sie werden aber meistens dauerhaft konsumiert und verstetigen so die Nikotinabhängigkeit. Ihr Konsum erhöht die Rückfallgefahr zum Tabakrauchen.

Evidenzbasierte Tabakentwöhnung ambulant und stationär Trotz der verschiedenen neuen Ansätze, wie Internet-basierte Angebote, App etc., sind Gespräche und Pharmakotherapie der Goldstandard und wirksamer als jede Therapie für sich allein.
COVID-19 pandemic, losses of livelihoods and uneven recovery in Pune, India
Authors: Mittal Nitya , Steinert Janina Isabel , Vollmer Sebastian
Published: November 2023

This study examines the patterns of losses in livelihoods, income and consumption expenditure among slum dwellers in Pune, a city in western India, two years after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. A four-round panel dataset is used for this study with two rounds collected before (in-person in 2018 and 2019) and two rounds collected after (via phone interviews in 2020 and 2022) the start of the pandemic. Although at the macro-level gross domestic product and unemployment rates had started to recover by mid-2020, the results of this study show that recovery of livelihoods among individuals living just above subsistence level has been very limited and uneven even two years after the start of the pandemic. Additionally, younger and less educated individuals are more vulnerable to welfare losses. Examining food consumption patterns, consumption of cereals recovered to pre-pandemic levels by 2022 but the consumption of fruits and vegetables remained below the 2019 level, thus having important implications for nutritional health.
Low-temperature growth of Ga2O3 thin films on Si substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition and their electrical characteristics
Authors: Lee Jung-Bok , Jeong Jee-Hun , Jang Min-Seok , Yoo Da-Hui , Lee Ho-Jun
Published: November 2023

In this paper, Ga2O3 thin films were grown on n-type Si substrates at various growth temperatures of 500, 550, 600, 650, and 700 °C. The Ga2O3 thin films grown at 500 and 550 °C were characterized by featureless flat surfaces. Films grown at higher temperatures of 600, 650, and 700 °C showed a very rough surface morphology. To determine the effect of annealing on the thin films grown at relatively low temperatures (500, 550, 600, 650, and 700 °C), the Ga2O3 films were thermally treated at 900 °C for 10 min. The crystal structure of the Ga2O3 films grown at 500 and 550 °C changed from amorphous to polycrystalline with a flat surface. The Ga2O3 film grown at 550 °C was chosen for the fabrication of a Schottky barrier diode, whose electrical properties were evaluated before and after thermal treatment. A metal–semiconductor–metal-type photodetector was fabricated using a Ga2O3 thin film grown at low temperatures, whose photocurrent under 266-nm UV illumination wavelength was 5.32 times higher than the dark current under an operating voltage of 10 V.
An approach to reduce surface charging with cryogenic plasma etching using hydrogen-fluoride contained gases
Authors: Hsiao Shih-Nan , Sekine Makoto , Ishikawa Kenji , Iijima Yuki , Ohya Yoshinobu , Hori Masaru
Published: November 2023

The surface conductivity influences the etched pattern profiles in the plasma process. In the dielectric film etching, it is vital to reduce the charging build-up, which bends the trajectory of incoming ions for highly anisotropic etching. A significant increase in surface electric conductivity of SiO2 films was observed when exposed to down-flow plasmas containing hydrogen fluoride (HF) at cryogenic temperature (−60 °C). This phenomenon can be attributed to two factors: (i) the absorption of HF and/or its compounds and (ii) the presence of H2O, which is likely originating from the etching by-product of SiO2 and/or within the reactor. Comparing the surface electric resistance of the samples treated with HF plasmas to that of CF4/H2 and C4F8/H2 plasmas, we found that HF plasma treatment enables to be approximately three and six orders of magnitude lower. By using in situ x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, it was revealed that the presence of HF and/or its compounds and H2O were absorbed on the sample surface at −60 °C. These results strongly suggest that the cryogenic plasma etching with HF-contained gases can be used to alleviate the charge build-up issues.
Low-temperature homoepitaxial growth of β-Ga2O3 thin films by atmospheric pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique
Authors: Islam Md. Earul , Shimamoto Kento , Yoshimura Takeshi , Fujimura Norifumi
Published: November 2023

Low-temperature homoepitaxial growth of β-Ga2O3(-201) has been successfully demonstrated by the atmospheric pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. To search for low-temperature growth, temperature-dependent studies were carried out between 350 and 600 °C. A high N2 gas flow rate, low gallium source concentration, and high oxygen flow rate ratio played key roles in growing independent and homogeneous multiple nuclei of Ga2O3, leading to three-dimensional grain growth mode, single crystallinity, and the highest growth rate of ⁓0.17 µm/h at 350 °C. The highly reactive atmospheric pressure oxygen plasma actively led to epitaxial growth. The low thermal budget homoepitaxial growth is a record reduction reported thus far.
Taxonomic diversity of fishes from two coral-reef waters of the South China Sea
Authors: Li Yuanjie , Zhang Jun , Chen Zuozhi , Dai Xuejiao , Xiong Pengli , Yu Wenming
Published: November 2023

Context Conservation of coral-reef fishes requires an understanding of their spatial and temporal responses to climate change and anthropogenic disturbance, which also requires an understanding of patterns in their taxonomic diversity. Aims To describe the species composition, taxonomic diversity and G-F diversity-measurement index of Qilianyu Island and Meiji Reef, South China Sea, coral-reef fish assemblages. Methods Coral reef-dwelling fish were sampled in 2018 and 2019 at Meiji Reef and Qilianyu Island by using various fishing gears, identified to the lowest taxonomic category, and their taxonomic relatedness was compared at levels of class, order, family, genus and species. Key results The reef-dwelling fish fauna of this region comprises 123 species in 5 orders (dominated by Perciformes, at 78%), 22 families and 46 genera. The average taxonomic distinctness (Δ+) of Qilianyu Island fish assemblages is 55.52, and variation in taxonomic distinctness (Λ+) is 138.18; for Meiji Reef, values for Δ+ and Λ+ are 53.02 and 135.33 respectively. Conclusions High species diversity and low taxonomic diversity are important features of coral-reef fish assemblages in the South China Sea. Implications The high species diversity of reef fish in the South China Sea, along with a well-distributed assemblage of families and genera, is crucial for preserving the region’s fish biodiversity. Consequently, timely prioritisation of reef fish conservation is essential.
Emergence of tip singularities in dissolution patterns
Authors: Chaigne Martin , Carpy Sabrina , Massé Marion , Derr Julien , Courrech du Pont Sylvain , Berhanu Michael
Published: November 2023

Chemical erosion, one of the two major erosion processes along with mechanical erosion, occurs when a soluble rock-like salt, gypsum, or limestone is dissolved in contact with a water flow. The coupling between the geometry of the rocks, the mass transfer, and the flow leads to the formation of remarkable patterns, like scallop patterns in caves. We emphasize the common presence of very sharp shapes and spikes, despite the diversity of hydrodynamic conditions and the nature of the soluble materials. We explain the generic emergence of such spikes in dissolution processes by a geometrical approach. Singularities at the interface emerge as a consequence of the erosion directed in the normal direction, when the surface displays curvature variations, like those associated with a dissolution pattern. First, we demonstrate the presence of singular structures in natural interfaces shaped by dissolution. Then, we propose simple surface evolution models of increasing complexity demonstrating the emergence of spikes and allowing us to explain at long term by coarsening the formation of cellular structures. Finally, we perform a dissolution pattern experiment driven by solutal convection, and we report the emergence of a cellular pattern following well the model predictions. Although the precise prediction of dissolution shapes necessitates performing a complete hydrodynamic study, we show that the characteristic spikes which are reported ultimately for dissolution shapes are explained generically by geometrical arguments due to the surface evolution. These findings can be applied to other ablation patterns, reported for example in melting ice.
Splicing under stress: A matter of time and place
Authors: Podszywalow-Bartnicka Paulina , Neugebauer Karla M.
Published: November 2023

Excision of introns during splicing regulates gene expression. In this issue, work by Sung et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202111151) demonstrates that the timing of intron removal in response to stress is coordinated in nuclear speckles, adding a component of spatial regulation to co-/post-transcriptional splicing.
Simulation Prediction of Heat Transport with Machine Learning in Tokamak Plasmas
Authors: Li 李 Hui 慧 , Fu 付 Yan-Lin 艳林 , Li 李 Ji-Quan 继全 , Wang 王 Zheng-Xiong 正汹
Published: November 2023

Machine learning opens up new possibilities for research of plasma confinement. Specifically, models constructed using machine learning algorithms may effectively simplify the simulation process. Previous first-principles simulations could provide physics-based transport information, but not fast enough for real-time applications or plasma control. To address this issue, this study proposes SExFC, a surrogate model of the Gyro-Landau Extended Fluid Code (ExFC). As an extended version of our previous model ExFC-NN, SExFC can capture more features of transport driven by the ion temperature gradient mode and trapped electron mode, using an extended database initially generated with ExFC simulations. In addition to predicting the dominant instability, radially averaged fluxes and radial profiles of fluxes, the well-trained SExFC may also be suitable for physics-based rapid predictions that can be considered in real-time plasma control systems in the future.
Damage detection of CFRP laminates based on Adamax-INN model for EIT
Authors: Xue Qian , Chen Cong , Fan Wenru
Published: November 2023

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is electrically conductive, making it possible to detect structural damage of CFRP laminates with electrical impedance tomography (EIT). However, the inverse problem of EIT is severely non-linear, ill-posed, and underdetermined, thus limiting the resolution and accuracy of images reconstructed with EIT. This paper solves the inverse problem of EIT based on invertible neural networks (INN) and optimizes INN with Adamax gradient descent algorithm. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated that, compared with traditional EIT image reconstruction algorithms and radial basis function (RBF) neural network algorithm, the Adamax-INN model largely reduced the artifacts in reconstructed images, improved the damage recognition accuracy and edge clarity, and displayed good noise immunity.
Cs2TlRhX6 (X = Cl, Br, I): promising halide double perovskites for efficient energy harvesting in photovoltaic and thermoelectric applications
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Haq Anwar ul , Mustifa G M , Afaq A , Ramay Shahid M , Siddig Abu baker Ahmed , Sharma Ramesh , Hanif Athar
Published: November 2023

The majority of halide double perovskites, particularly chlorides and bromides, possess large band gaps. However, we have identified a composition of halide double perovskites with a narrow band gap, making them ideal for energy harvesting purposes. First-principle methods are employed to compute the structural, electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Cs2TlRhX6 (X= Cl, Br, I). The stability of the cubic perovskite compounds is confirmed through the formation energy, the Goldschmidt tolerance factor, and the elastic constant. The optical bandgaps of all the compositions are determined through the TBmBJ potential. The ductile nature of the present compounds is verified by the values of Pugh’s ratio and Cauchy’s pressure. The optical properties are investigated to check the availability of the materials for harvesting solar energy. Temperature-dependent parameters including electrical conductivity, see-beck coefficient, power factor, and figure of merit also have been computed for thermoelectric applications. All the explored characteristics of the double perovskites under study have been discussed briefly on the basis of interesting and informative Physics behind the observed results.
High-gain bandwidth product of wafer-bonded near-infrared III-V/silicon APD using polycrystalline silicon bonding layer
Authors: Bao Shiyi , Wang Jie , Meng Wenhao , Liu Lei , Zhang Hualin , Ke Shaoying
Published: November 2023

Avalanche photodiode (APD) is a highly sensitive photodetector commonly used in applications, such as optical fiber communication and LIDAR. However, the 7.7% lattice mismatch between InGaAs and Si creates challenges in growing high-quality InGaAs thin films on Si substrates. Heterogeneous bonded techniques or semiconductor intermediate bonded techniques can effectively resolve this issue, while it is difficult to achieve an ultra-high gain bandwidth product of the APDs. This work designs the wafer-bonded InGaAs/Si APDs with a Poly-Si bonding layer as the charge layer, which is different from the conventional separation absorption gradient multiplication (SAGCM) APD. The doping concentration of the polysilicon (Poly-Si) bonding layer on the performance of the InGaAs/Si APD is calculated. The maximum value of the gain bandwidth product of the APD reaches 350 GHz when the doping concentration of the Poly-Si is set to be 2 × 1017 cm−3. This work may provide guidance for the fabrication of the InGaAs/Si APDs with ultra-high gain bandwidth product.
Silicon-based optoelectronic heterogeneous integration for optical interconnection
Authors: Li 李 Le-Liang 乐良 , Li 李 Gui-Ke 贵柯 , Zhang 张 Zhao 钊 , Liu 刘 Jian 剑 , Wu 吴 Nan-Jian 南健 , Wang 王 Kai-You 开友 , Qi 祁 Nan 楠 , Liu 刘 Li-Yuan 力源
Published: November 2023

The performance of optical interconnection has improved dramatically in recent years. Silicon-based optoelectronic heterogeneous integration is the key enabler to achieve high performance optical interconnection, which not only provides the optical gain which is absent from native Si substrates and enables complete photonic functionalities on chip, but also improves the system performance through advanced heterogeneous integrated packaging. This paper reviews recent progress of silicon-based optoelectronic heterogeneous integration in high performance optical interconnection. The research status, development trend and application of ultra-low loss optical waveguides, high-speed detectors, high-speed modulators, lasers and 2D, 2.5D, 3D and monolithic integration are focused on.
Attosecond ionization time delays in strong-field physics
Authors: Ma 马 Yongzhe 永哲 , Ni 倪 Hongcheng 宏程 , Wu 吴 Jian 健
Published: November 2023

Electronic processes within atoms and molecules reside on the timescale of attoseconds. Recent advances in the laser-based pump-probe interrogation techniques have made possible the temporal resolution of ultrafast electronic processes on the attosecond timescale, including photoionization and tunneling ionization. These interrogation techniques include the attosecond streak camera, the reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions, and the attoclock. While the former two are usually employed to study photoionization processes, the latter is typically used to investigate tunneling ionization. In this review, we briefly overview these timing techniques towards an attosecond temporal resolution of ionization processes in atoms and molecules under intense laser fields. In particular, we review the backpropagation method, which is a novel hybrid quantum-classical approach towards the full characterization of tunneling ionization dynamics. Continued advances in the interrogation techniques promise to pave the pathway towards the exploration of ever faster dynamical processes on an ever shorter timescale.