bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successive magnetic transitions and frustrated magnetism in Fe2(HPO3)3 ⋅ 4H2O
Authors: Cheng Xiaomeng , Lv Chengxiang , Zhang Shufang , Ding Mingcui , Pan Bingying
Published: January 2024

We report the magnetic and optical properties of Fe2(HPO3)3 ⋅ 4H2O. By combined magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements, we find two antiferromagnetic (AFM) transitions (TN1=9 K, TN2=5 K) which originate from the AFM exchange interactions mediated by the (HPO3)2− anions. Compared with the non‐hydrated compound Fe2(HPO3)3, the magnetic interaction strength and ordering temperature of Fe2(HPO3)3 ⋅ 4H2O are both reduced by a factor of ~2. Through density functional theory (DFT) analysis we find almost degenerate AFM states in Fe2(HPO3)3 ⋅ 4H2O which are close in energy. The competition of these AFM states might lead to the two successive AFM phase transitions at low temperature. The low ordering temperature as well as competing AFM states both imply frustrated magnetism in Fe2(HPO3)3 ⋅ 4H2O, probably originating from the complex competing AFM interactions. The optical properties of Fe2(HPO3)3 ⋅ 4H2O are also investigated by photoluminescence and infrared spectroscopies.
Revaluation process of cheese whey through the cultivation of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Caltzontzin‐Rabell Valeria , Escobar‐Ortiz Alexandro , Gutiérrez‐Antonio Claudia , Feregrino‐Pérez Ana Angélica , García‐Trejo Juan Fernando
Published: January 2024

Organic wastes, including cheese whey, are generated in greater quantities each year, which require management that has economic and social implications. Current treatments of cheese whey do not allow for its complete degradation or utilization. In this context, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) promise to degrade a variety of wastes while generating and accumulating value‐added products such as protein, fat that can be transformed into biodiesel, and fertilizer can be obtained from their residues. In this work, the aim was to evaluate the cultivation of BSFL as a biological treatment for the revaluation process of cheese whey, as well as the composition of the larvae and residue (FRASS) obtained for the subsequent extraction of value‐added products such as fat or protein. It was observed that cheese whey did not affect the growth of the larvae, on the contrary, it increased it (final weight of = 0.252 ± 0.003 g). The larvae biomass was composed of mainly of lipids (42.48 ± 1.26% dry matter) and protein (34.98 ± 0.72% dry matter). A fatty acid profile was also performed, which confirms that, due to their composition (Saturated fatty acids = 262.91 ± 34.81 mg/g; monounsaturated fatty acids = 85.29 ± 19.64 mg/g; polyunsaturated fatty acids = 63.68 ± 11.33 mg/g), these accumulated lipids can be extracted for biodiesel production. This is the first approach to the treatment and utilization of cheese whey through insects.
Black raspberry–mediated metabolic changes in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis associated with rectal polyp regression
Authors: Huang Yi‐Wen , Chen Hui‐zhi , Niu Ben , Wu Weijie , Gao Haiyan , Yu Jianhua , Wang Li‐Shu
Published: January 2024

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients face an almost certain 100% risk of developing colorectal cancer, necessitating prophylactic colectomy to prevent disease progression. A crucial goal is to hinder this progression. In a recent clinical trial involving 14 FAP patients, half received 60 g of black raspberry (BRB) powder orally and BRB suppositories at bedtime, whereas the other half received only BRB suppositories at bedtime over 9 months. This intervention led to a notable reduction in rectal polyps for 11 patients, although 3 showed no response. In this study, we delved into the metabolic changes induced by BRBs in the same patient cohort. Employing mass spectrometry–based non‐targeted metabolomics, we analyzed pre‐ and post‐BRB urinary and plasma samples from the 11 responders. The results showed significant alterations in 23 urinary and 6 plasma metabolites, influencing various pathways, including polyamine, glutathione metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, inositol metabolism, and benzoate production. BRBs notably elevated levels of several metabolites associated with these pathways, suggesting a potential mechanism through which BRBs facilitate rectal polyp regression in FAP patients by modulating multiple metabolic pathways. Notably, metabolites derived from BRB polyphenols were significantly increased post‐BRB intervention, emphasizing the potential therapeutic value of BRBs in FAP management.
Physicochemical compositions, nutritional and functional properties, and color qualities of sorghum–orange‐fleshed sweet potato composite flour
Authors: Jenfa Mary Damilola , Adelusi Oluwasola Abayomi , Aderinoye Aderonke , Coker Oluwafemi Jeremiah , Martins Itohan Ebunoluwa , Obadina Olusegun Adewale
Published: January 2024

Sorghum and orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) flours were blended to produce composite flours at eight different ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, and 20:80, respectively, whereas 100% sorghumflour was used as control. The physicochemical compositions, nutritional and functional properties, as well as color attributes of the composite flour blends were evaluated. The acquired data were analyzed using ANOVA, and the means were separated using the Duncan multiple range test. Significant differences (p < .05) were observed in the physicochemical and nutritional properties of the flour blends. The protein levels in the composite flour decreased as the proportion of OFSP flour increased. However, the levels of vitamins, particularly vitamins A and C contents of the composite flours increased with higher proportions of OFSP, ranging from 0.27 and 1.74 mg/100 g in sample S100 to 2.13 and 2.12 mg/100 g in sample S20O80, respectively. In contrast, an increase in the percentage of OFSP flour resulted in a decrease in the contents of vitamin B‐complex, particularly vitamins B2 and B6. These values decreased slightly from 0.19 and 1.98 mg/100 g in sample S100 to 0.16 and 0.03 mg/100 g in sample S20O80, respectively. Furthermore, as the proportion of OFSP flour increased, there was a reduction in the calcium levels from 17.39 mg/100 g in the 100% sorghum sample to 13.52 mg/100 g in the S20O80 sample. However, no particular trend was observed in, magnesium, iron, and phosphorus levels. Sample S50O50 had the highest percentage of essential and conditional amino acids, except for cysteine, valine, and phenylalanine. The findings also revealed significant variations (p < .05) in the composite flour samples' functional properties and color measurements. Substituting sorghum with OFSP in sorghum‐based food products would significantly increase their vitamin A content.
Dietary factors and hypertension: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Li Fanfan , Yang Wenwen , Sun Shuo , He Wenhui , Xu Shangqing , Han Biao , Ma Minjie
Published: January 2024

This research explores the causal link between dietary habits and hypertension through Mendelian randomization, providing distinct perspectives on the role of diet in addressing this worldwide health issue. Utilizing instrumental variables, we applied advanced statistical methods, including the weighted median, inverse variance weighted, and MR‐Egger, to evaluate the impact of 17 dietary elements on hypertension. These elements ranged across various food groups, such as fruits, meats, vegetables, and beverages, both alcoholic and nonalcoholic. Our results identified a significant positive association of hypertension with weekly alcohol consumption (OR 1.340 [95%CI 1.0001 to 1.794], p = .0499) and poultry intake (OR 2.569 [95%CI 1.305 to 5.057], p = .00631). Conversely, a negative association was observed with lamb/mutton (OR 0.550 [95%CI 0.343 to 0.881], p = .0129), cheese (OR 0.650 [95%CI 0.519 to 0.813], p = .000159), tea (OR 0.797 [95%CI 0.640 to 0.993], p = .0433), cereal (OR 0.684 [95%CI 0.494 to 0.948], p = .0227), and dried fruit consumption (OR 0.492 [95%CI 0.343 to 0.707], p = .000127). These findings suggest that dietary modifications, such as increasing consumption of specific foods like cheese, lamb/mutton, tea, cereals, and dried fruits, could potentially reduce hypertension risk while reducing intake of alcoholic beverages and poultry might mitigate its increase. No direct causal relationships were established between other dietary factors and hypertension. The study highlights the importance of specific dietary modifications for the prevention and control of hypertension, making a substantial contribution to public health tactics and recommendations.
Exploring the multimodal health‐promoting properties of resveratrol: A comprehensive review
Authors: Faisal Zargham , Mazhar Aimen , Batool Syeda Ayesha , Akram Noor , Hassan Maleeha , Khan Muhammad Usman , Afzaal Muhammad , Hassan Usman Ul , Shah Yasir Abbas , Desta Derese Tamiru
Published: January 2024

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol in various plants, has gained significant attention for its potential health‐promoting properties. It has been demonstrated, after reviewing various clinical and in vitro studies, that resveratrol possesses potent antioxidant potential. Resveratrol demonstrates cellular component protection by directly neutralizing free radicals (FRs) and enhancing the expression of natural antioxidant enzymes, thereby mitigating oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Clinical trials have shown promising results, indicating that resveratrol supplementation can enhance antioxidant defenses and reduce oxidative damage markers in various populations. In addition to its antioxidant effects, resveratrol exhibits potent anti‐inflammatory properties. It can modulate key inflammatory pathways, such as nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), thereby suppressing the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, resveratrol's multimodal effects extend beyond its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. It has been discovered to exert regulatory effects on various cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and immunological responses. The primary aim of this review paper is to provide a thorough overview of the current knowledge on resveratrol, including its chemical composition, bioaccessibility, clinical effectiveness, and utilization in nanotechnology to enhance its bioavailability. From future perspectives, revising the administration methods for certain contexts and understanding the underlying systems responsible for resveratrol's effects will require further inquiry. For the highest potential health results, advanced trial‐based research is necessary for combinational nano‐delivery of resveratrol.
Can daily consumption of enriched fatty acids diet be effective in improving metabolic syndrome? An attractive paradox for walnut kernel
Authors: Samei Melika , Dowlatkhahi Nafiseh , Boozari Motahareh , Hosseinzadeh Hossein
Published: January 2024

Imagine consuming a daily diet rich in fatty acids to help treat diseases such as hypertension and obesity. This concept presents an attractive paradox. In particular, consuming walnut kernels is beneficial for treating diseases associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Different parts of the Juglans regia tree (family Juglandaceae), including its leaves, green husks, bark, and septum, have shown promising effects on pathological conditions related to MetS. The therapeutic advantages of consuming walnut kernels for MetS can be attributed to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenolic compounds such as juglone and ellagic acid. Diets enriched with walnut kernel have a positive impact on MetS complications by reducing diastolic blood pressure, improving blood lipid profiles, lowering fasting blood sugar levels, and increasing insulin sensitivity. The potential cellular mechanisms responsible for these benefits involve activating the cholesterol hemostasis pathway by inhibiting sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins (SREBPs), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Furthermore, other by‐products of walnuts, such as leaves and green husks, have also demonstrated effectiveness in managing MetS. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating walnut‐based products into our diets as a natural approach to combating MetS and its complications.
The relationship between playing musical instruments and cognitive trajectories: Analysis from a UK ageing cohort
Authors: Vetere Gaia , Williams Gareth , Ballard Clive , Creese Byron , Hampshire Adam , Palmer Abbie , Pickering Ellie , Richards Megan , Brooker Helen , Corbett Anne
Published: January 2024

Background

The accumulation of age‐associated cognitive deficits can lead to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia. This is a major public health issue for the modern ageing population, as it impairs health, independence and overall quality of life. Keeping the brain active during life has been associated with an increased cognitive reserve, therefore reducing the risk of cognitive impairment in older age. Previous research has identified a potential relationship between musicality and cognition.

Objectives

Explore the relationship between musicality and cognitive function in a large cohort of older adults.

Methods

This was a nested study within the PROTECT‐UK cohort, which collects longitudinal computerised assessments of cognitive function in adults over 40. Participants were invited to complete the validated Edinburgh Lifetime Musical Experience Questionnaire (ELMEQ) to assess their musical experience and lifetime exposure to music. Linear regression analysis was performed using cognitive data from PROTECT‐UK.

Results

Analysis identified an association between musicality and cognition in this cohort. Playing a musical instrument was associated with significantly better performance in working memory and executive function. Significant associations were also found between singing and executive function, and between overall musical ability and working memory.

Conclusions

Our findings confirm previous literature, highlighting the potential value of education and engagement in musical activities throughout life as a means of harnessing cognitive reserve as part of a protective lifestyle for brain health.
FEMA: Fast and efficient mixed‐effects algorithm for large sample whole‐brain imaging data
Authors: Parekh Pravesh , Fan Chun Chieh , Frei Oleksandr , Palmer Clare E. , Smith Diana M. , Makowski Carolina , Iversen John R. , Pecheva Diliana , Holland Dominic , Loughnan Robert , Nedelec Pierre , Thompson Wesley K. , Hagler Donald J. , Andreassen Ole A. , Jernigan Terry L. , Nichols Thomas E. , Dale Anders M.
Published: January 2024

The linear mixed‐effects model (LME) is a versatile approach to account for dependence among observations. Many large‐scale neuroimaging datasets with complex designs have increased the need for LME; however LME has seldom been used in whole‐brain imaging analyses due to its heavy computational requirements. In this paper, we introduce a fast and efficient mixed‐effects algorithm (FEMA) that makes whole‐brain vertex‐wise, voxel‐wise, and connectome‐wide LME analyses in large samples possible. We validate FEMA with extensive simulations, showing that the estimates of the fixed effects are equivalent to standard maximum likelihood estimates but obtained with orders of magnitude improvement in computational speed. We demonstrate the applicability of FEMA by studying the cross‐sectional and longitudinal effects of age on region‐of‐interest level and vertex‐wise cortical thickness, as well as connectome‐wide functional connectivity values derived from resting state functional MRI, using longitudinal imaging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study release 4.0. Our analyses reveal distinct spatial patterns for the annualized changes in vertex‐wise cortical thickness and connectome‐wide connectivity values in early adolescence, highlighting a critical time of brain maturation. The simulations and application to real data show that FEMA enables advanced investigation of the relationships between large numbers of neuroimaging metrics and variables of interest while considering complex study designs, including repeated measures and family structures, in a fast and efficient manner. The source code for FEMA is available via: https://github.com/cmig-research-group/cmig_tools/.
Cortical timescales and the modular organization of structural and functional brain networks
Authors: Lurie Daniel J. , Pappas Ioannis , D'Esposito Mark
Published: January 2024

Recent years have seen growing interest in characterizing the properties of regional brain dynamics and their relationship to other features of brain structure and function. In particular, multiple studies have observed regional differences in the “timescale” over which activity fluctuates during periods of quiet rest. In the cerebral cortex, these timescales have been associated with both local circuit properties as well as patterns of inter‐regional connectivity, including the extent to which each region exhibits widespread connectivity to other brain areas. In the current study, we build on prior observations of an association between connectivity and dynamics in the cerebral cortex by investigating the relationship between BOLD fMRI timescales and the modular organization of structural and functional brain networks. We characterize network community structure across multiple scales and find that longer timescales are associated with greater within‐community functional connectivity and diverse structural connectivity. We also replicate prior observations of a positive correlation between timescales and structural connectivity degree. Finally, we find evidence for preferential functional connectivity between cortical areas with similar timescales. We replicate these findings in an independent dataset. These results contribute to our understanding of functional brain organization and structure–function relationships in the human brain, and support the notion that regional differences in cortical dynamics may in part reflect the topological role of each region within macroscale brain networks.
An examination of whether and how leader humility enhances leader personal career success
Authors: Chan Elsa T. , Hekman David R. , Foo Maw Der
Published: January 2024

Humble leaders are traditionally thought to create a great deal of human and social capital, yet be overshadowed by self‐promoting rivals for promotions. We propose that through informal career mentoring, humble leaders can improve their organizational status and promotability. We tested our model among a multisource sample of 610 leaders across 18 industries and 21 job functions who participated in a leader development program. Leader humility was reported by the focal leaders' peers, leader mentoring behavior was reported by the focal leaders' direct reports, leader status was reported by the focal leaders' immediate bosses, and leader promotability was reported by the focal leaders' superiors. Results generally confirmed that leader humility predicted leader mentoring behavior, which in turn predicted leader status, and ultimately higher leader promotability ratings. We discuss how our findings extend and enrich the literatures on leader humility and mentoring, showing how humble leaders can ascend organizational hierarchies.
Rates of genetic consultation in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer patients in the era of PARP inhibitor therapy: A population‐based study
Authors: Brent Shannon E. , McGee Jacob , Vicus Danielle , Kim Raymond , Eisen Andrea , Wilton Andrew S. , Gien Lilian T.
Published: January 2024

Objective

The American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends all patients with high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) undergo germline genetic testing. Genetic consultation rates in Ontario, Canada, only reached 13.3% in 2011. In 2016, PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy became available in Ontario for BRCA‐positive HGSC patients. Given expanding treatment options, we re‐examined genetic consultation rates among HGSC patients.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study identified patients diagnosed with HGSC between 2012 and 2019 using population‐based administrative data from Ontario. Genetics consultations were identified using Ontario Health Insurance Plan billing codes. Consultation rates over time were analyzed using Cochran–Armitage trend test and segmental regression analysis. Multivariable analysis identified factors associated with attending genetics consultation.

Results

This study included 4645 HGSC patients. The mean age was 64.2 years (±SD 12.3); 56.3% had stage 3–4 disease. Overall, approximately 35% attended genetics consultations. The genetic consultation rate per year increased significantly from 21.6% to 42.6% (P < 0.001). Shorter times between diagnosis and genetics consult were observed after PARP inhibitors became available (68.1 vs 34.1 weeks, P < 0.001). Patients treated at designated cancer centers (odds ratio [OR] 2.11, P < 0.001), diagnosed in later years (OR 1.33, P < 0.001), and from higher income groups (P < 0.05) were more likely to attend genetics consultation; older patients were less likely (OR 0.98, P < 0.001). After PARP inhibitors became available, consultation rates plateaued (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Between 2012 and 2019, genetic consultation rates improved significantly among HGSC patients; however, a large proportion of patients never attended consultation. Further exploration of barriers to care is warranted to improve consultation rates and ensure equitable access to care.
Identification of individuals using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy based on a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhang Yichen , Li Jun
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the application of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and deep learning techniques has emerged as a promising method for personal identification. In this study, we innovatively utilized a deep learning framework and fNIRS data for personal identification. The framework is a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (Conv1D) trained on resting‐state fNIRS signals collected from the frontal cortex of adults. In data preprocessing, we employed a sliding window‐based data augmentation technique and high‐pass filter, which could result in the highest identification accuracy through multiple experiments. Based on a data set consisting of 56 adult participants, the identification accuracy of 90.36% is achieved for training data with a window size of approximately 4.62 s; with the increase in training data window size, the identification accuracy can reach (97.65 ± 2.35)%. Our results suggest that deep learning is valuable for fNIRS‐based personal identification, with potential applications in security, biometrics, and healthcare.
Insight into impact of ZrO2 nanoparticles on photocatalytic degradation performance of g‐C3N4 for tetracycline
Authors: Jiang Meng , Xie Jinqian , Huang Mingxiu , Li Zhanguo , Yao Yucen , Sun Wei , Wang Bei
Published: January 2024

Background

Transition metal oxides have been proved effective for improving photocatalytic performance of graphitic carbon nitride by constructing different heterojunctions. Although much progress has been made in this field, the effect of transition metal oxides on photocatalytic process is still not very clear.

Aims

Herein, we fabricated g‐C3N4/ZrO2 based photocatalyst and investigated its morphology, elemental state and photophysical process.

Materials & Methods

g‐C3N4/ZrO2 was performed through physical mixing methods. In order to delve into the effect of ZrO2 doping on g‐C3N4, detailed characterization was done by SEM, TEM, BET, PL, XRD, XPS, UV‐vis DRS, FTIR, TRPL and EPR.

Results & Discussion

Smaller nanoscale morphology and larger specific surface area for g‐C3N4/ZrO2 photocatalyst are confirmed by SEM and BET results. Photoelectrochemical experiments indicate that charge transfer process is significantly improved and bigger photogenerated current is achieved. Electron paramagnetic resonance results also show that •O2 signal is enhanced obviously with ZrO2 nanoparticles under light condition. Time‐resolved photoluminescence spectra further explain that ZrO2 is favorable for charge transfer with shortened exciton lifetime while unfavorable for charge transport with shortened recombination lifetime.

Conclusion

Finally, the compromise photodegradation performance of g‐C3N4/ZrO2 for tetracycline is enhanced by 70% compared with pure g‐C3N4.
CCL2‐CCR2 signaling axis in obesity and metabolic diseases
Authors: Wu Yue , Ma Yanchun
Published: January 2024

Obesity and metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular ailments, represent formidable global health challenges, bearing considerable implications for both morbidity and mortality rates. It has become increasingly evident that chronic, low‐grade inflammation plays a pivotal role in the genesis and advancement of these conditions. The involvement of C‐C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and its corresponding receptor, C‐C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), has been extensively documented in numerous inflammatory maladies. Recent evidence indicates that the CCL2/CCR2 pathway extends beyond immune cell recruitment and inflammation, exerting a notable influence on the genesis and progression of metabolic syndrome. The present review seeks to furnish a comprehensive exposition of the CCL2‐CCR2 signaling axis within the context of obesity and metabolic disorders, elucidating its molecular mechanisms, functional roles, and therapeutic implications.
The RNA‐binding protein Cpeb4 regulates splicing of the Id2 gene in osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Arasaki Yasuhiro , Hayata Tadayoshi
Published: January 2024

Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element‐binding protein 4 (Cpeb4) is an RNA‐binding protein that regulates posttranscriptional regulation, such as regulation of messenger RNA stability and translation. In the previous study, we reported that Cpeb4 localizes to nuclear bodies upon induction of osteoclast differentiation by RANKL. However, the mechanisms of the localization of Cpeb4 and osteoclastogenesis by Cpeb4 remain unknown. Here, we show that Cpeb4 localizes to the nuclear bodies by its RNA‐binding ability and partially regulates normal splicing during osteoclast differentiation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis with Phos‐tag® revealed that the phosphorylation levels of Cpeb4 were already high in the RAW264.7 cells and were not altered by RANKL treatment. Immunofluorescence showed that exogenous Cpeb4 in HEK293T cells without RANKL stimulation localized to the same foci as shown in RANKL‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, when nuclear export was inhibited by leptomycin B treatment, Cpeb4 accumulated throughout the nucleus. Importantly, RNA recognition motif (RRM) 7 of Cpeb4 was essential for the localization. In contrast, the intrinsically disordered region, RRM1, and zinc finger domain CEBP_ZZ were not necessary for the localization. The mechanistic study showed that Cpeb4 co‐localized and interacted with the splicing factors serine/arginine‐rich splicing factor 5 (SRSF5) and SRSF6, suggesting that Cpeb4 may be involved in the splicing reaction. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to cell proliferation processes, such as mitotic cell cycle and regulation of cell cycle processes, was elevated in osteoclasts depleted of Cpeb4. Interestingly, the splicing pattern of the inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) gene, which suppresses osteoclast differentiation, was altered by the depletion of Cpeb4. These results provide new insight into the role of Cpeb4 as a player of normal splicing of Id2 in osteoclast differentiation.
Muscle parameters in fragility fracture risk prediction in older adults: A scoping review
Authors: Vendrami Colin , Shevroja Enisa , Gonzalez Rodriguez Elena , Gatineau Guillaume , Elmers Jolanda , Reginster Jean‐Yves , Harvey Nicholas C. , Lamy Olivier , Hans Didier
Published: January 2024

Half of osteoporotic fractures occur in patients with normal/osteopenic bone density or at intermediate or low estimated risk. Muscle measures have been shown to contribute to fracture risk independently of bone mineral density. The objectives were to review the measurements of muscle health (muscle mass/quantity/quality, strength and function) and their association with incident fragility fractures and to summarize their use in clinical practice. This scoping review follows the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines for reporting. Our search strategy covered the three overreaching concepts of ‘fragility fractures’, ‘muscle health assessment’ and ‘risk’. We retrieved 14 745 references from Medline Ovid SP, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar. We included original and prospective studies on community‐dwelling adults aged over 50 years that analysed an association between at least one muscle parameter and incident fragility fractures. We systematically extracted 17 items from each study, including methodology, general characteristics and results. Data were summarized in tables and graphically presented in adjusted forest plots. Sixty‐seven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In total, we studied 60 muscle parameters or indexes and 322 fracture risk ratios over 2.8 million person‐years (MPY). The median (interquartile range) sample size was 1642 (921–5756), age 69.2 (63.5–73.6) years, follow‐up 10.0 (4.4–12.0) years and number of incident fragility fractures 166 (88–277). A lower muscle mass was positively/not/negatively associated with incident fragility fracture in 28 (2.0), 64 (2.5) and 10 (0.2 MPY) analyses. A lower muscle strength was positively/not/negatively associated with fractures in 53 (1.3), 57 (1.7 MPY) and 0 analyses. A lower muscle function was positively/not/negatively associated in 63 (1.9), 45 (1.0 MPY) and 0 analyses. An in‐depth analysis shows how each single muscle parameter was associated with each fragility fractures subtype. This review summarizes markers of muscle health and their association with fragility fractures. Measures of muscle strength and function appeared to perform better for fracture risk prediction. Of these, hand grip strength and gait speed are likely to be the most practical measures for inclusion in clinical practice, as in the evaluation of sarcopenia or in further fracture risk assessment scores. Measures of muscle mass did not appear to predict fragility fractures and might benefit from further research, on D3‐creatine dilution test, lean mass indexes and artificial intelligence methods.
Multi‐scale characterization and analysis of cellular viscoelastic mechanical phenotypes by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Zeng Yi , Liu Xianping , Wang Zuobin , Gao Wei , Zhang Shengli , Wang Ying , Liu Yunqing , Yu Haiyue
Published: January 2024

The viscoelasticity of cells serves as a biomarker that reveals changes induced by malignant transformation, which aids the cytological examinations. However, differences in the measurement methods and parameters have prevented the consistent and effective characterization of the viscoelastic phenotype of cells. To address this issue, nanomechanical indentation experiments were conducted using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Multiple indentation methods were applied, and the indentation parameters were gradually varied to measure the viscoelasticity of normal liver cells and cancerous liver cells to create a database. This database was employed to train machine‐learning algorithms in order to analyze the differences in the viscoelasticity of different types of cells and as well as to identify the optimal measurement methods and parameters. These findings indicated that the measurement speed significantly influenced viscoelasticity and that the classification difference between the two cell types was most evident at 5 μm/s. In addition, the precision and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were comparatively analyzed for various widely employed machine‐learning algorithms. Unlike previous studies, this research validated the effectiveness of measurement parameters and methods with the assistance of machine‐learning algorithms. Furthermore, the results confirmed that the viscoelasticity obtained from the multiparameter indentation measurement could be effectively used for cell classification.

Research Highlights

This study aimed to analyze the viscoelasticity of liver cancer cells and liver cells.

Different nano‐indentation methods and parameters were used to measure the viscoelasticity of the two kinds of cells.

The neural network algorithm was used to reverse analyze the dataset, and the methods and parameters for accurate classification and identification of cells are successfully found.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines and pyrano[4,3‐b]pyrans catalyzed by L‐glutamine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in water:ethanol mixture
Authors: Thongni Aiborlang , Nongkhlaw Rishanlang , Pandya Chayan , Sivaramakrishna Akella , Gannon Paige M. , Kaminsky Werner
Published: January 2024

In this work, we report an effective, one‐pot syntheses of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine and pyrano[4,3‐b]pyran derivatives using L‐glutamine functionalized nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2@L‐glutamine NPs) under microwave irradiation. The organo‐nanocatalyst underwent characterization through diverse techniques, including FT‐IR, p‐XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, TGA, and VSM. Microwave irradiation and multicomponent reactions synergistically yield excellent product yields (≈80%–95%) in shorter reaction times (≈6–15 min) with a broader substrate scope. The organo‐nanocatalyst displays notable catalytic efficacy, evidenced by high turnover numbers (TON) and turnover frequencies (TOF) across syntheses. This innovative protocol showcases exceptional efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental friendliness, with advantages like minimal reaction conditions, easy catalytic recovery, recyclability, operational simplicity, and the use of eco‐friendly solvents.
Artificial intelligence‐based prediction of the rheological properties of hydrocolloids for plant‐based meat analogues
Authors: Lee Dayeon , Jeong Sungmin , Yun Suin , Lee Suyong
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Methylcellulose has been applied as a primary binding agent to control the quality attributes of plant‐based meat analogues. H owever, a great deal of effort has been made to search for hydrocolloids to replace methylcellulose because of increasing awareness of clean labels. In this study, a machine learning framework was proposed in order to describe and predict the flow behavior of six hydrocolloid solutions, and the predicted viscosities were correlated with the textural features of their corresponding plant‐based meat analogues.

RESULTS

Different shear‐thinning and Newtonian behaviors were observed depending on the type of hydrocolloid and the shear rate. Methylcellulose exhibited an increasing viscosity pattern with increasing temperature, compared to the other hydrocolloids. The machine learning algorithms (random forest and multilayer perceptron models) showed a better viscosity fitting performance than the constitutive equations (power law and Cross models). In addition, three hyperparameters of the multilayer perceptron model (optimizer, learning rate, and the number of hidden layers) were tuned using the Bayesian optimization algorithm.

CONCLUSION

The optimized multilayer perceptron model exhibited superior performance in viscosity prediction (R2 = 0.9944–0.9961/RMSE = 0.0545–0.0708). Furthermore, the machine learning‐predicted viscosities overall showed similar patterns to the textural parameters of the meat analogues. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of Ca2+ signal on the activities of key enzymes and expression of related genes in yeast ethanol metabolism and mitochondrial function during high sugar fermentation
Authors: Xie Dongdong , Zheng Jiaxin , Sun Yingqi , Li Xing , Ren Shuncheng
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

During high sugar fermentation, yeast is mainly affected by high sugar stress in the early stage. It becomes jointly affected by high sugar and ethanol stress as ethanol accumulates during fermentation. Ca2+, as the second messenger of the cell, mediates various metabolic processes. In this study, the effects of the Ca2+ signal on the activities of key enzymes, expression of related genes of ethanol metabolism, and mitochondrial function were investigated.

RESULTS

The results showed a significant increase in the activities of enzymes related to ethanol metabolism in yeast cells under a high sugar environment. Ca2+ significantly promoted the activities of enzymes related to mitochondrial respiratory metabolism and regulated the carbon flow between ethanol metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The high sugar environment affected the expression of genes related to carbon metabolism, while the addition of Ca2+ stabilized the expression of related genes.

CONCLUSION

Ca2+ signal participated in ethanol and mitochondrial metabolism and regulated the key enzymes and related gene expression to enhance the resistance of yeast to stress during high sugar fermentation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture: A double‐edged sword
Authors: Shukla Kavita , Mishra Vishnu , Singh Jawahar , Varshney Vishal , Verma Rajnandini , Srivastava Sudhakar
Published: January 2024

Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing discipline that has the potential to transform the way we approach problems in a variety of fields, including agriculture. The use of nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture has gained popularity in recent years. It has various applications in agriculture, such as the development of nanoscale materials and devices to boost agricultural productivity, enhance food quality and safety, improve the efficiency of water and nutrient usage, and reduce environmental pollution. Nanotechnology has proven to be very beneficial in this field, particularly in the development of nanoscale delivery systems for agrochemicals such as pesticides, fertilizers, and growth regulators. These nanoscale delivery technologies offer various benefits over conventional delivery systems, including better penetration and distribution, enhanced efficacy, and lower environmental impact. Encapsulating agrochemicals in nanoscale particles enables direct delivery to the targeted site in the plant, thereby reducing waste and minimizing off‐target effects. Plants are fundamental building blocks of all ecosystems and evaluating the interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and plants is a crucial aspect of risk assessment. This critical review therefore aims to provide an overview of the latest advances regarding the positive and negative effects of nanotechnology in agriculture. It also explores potential future research directions focused on ensuring the safe utilization of NPs in this field, which could lead to sustainable development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid metabolites affected by WenDanTang based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Zou Yun , Tang Saixue , Li Haozhi , Lu Feilong , Shao Linlin
Published: January 2024

WenDanTang (WDT) is a Chinese herbal formula used to treat various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. However, the neuroprotective metabolic pathways and the components involved in this process are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective metabolic pathways of WDT in rat brains using cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Twelve rats were randomly divided into a WDT (administrated with WDT solution) and a control group. The ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography technique was used to explore the components of the WDT solution and cerebrospinal fluid, and secondary mass spectra of cerebrospinal fluid were used to identify possible brain‐incorporating components after WDT. The results of the differential metabolism analysis showed that eight metabolites were typically altered (all p < 0.05). By comparing the secondary mass spectra of the cerebrospinal fluid of rats and WDT solution, two possible brain‐incorporating components of WDT, stachydrine and α‐methoxyphenylacetic acid, were identified. The data also suggested that WDT affects nucleotide metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and B‐vitamin metabolic pathways, the central differential metabolic pathways. These data suggest that WDT protects neurons through its active components, such as stachydrine, and regulates biochemical metabolism to affect the brain's energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity.
In situ growth of imine‐based covalent organic framework as stationary phase for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatographic separation
Authors: Niu Xiao , Qi Shengda , Sun Jianong , Zhu Ailing , Wang Fangling , Wu Mingfang , Lv Wenjuan , Chen Hongli
Published: January 2024

Designing advanced stationary phases to improve separation efficiency is essential in capillary electrochromatography. Due to their outstanding performance, covalent organic frameworks have recently demonstrated considerable promise in the field of separation science. Herein, an open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography method was reported using porous imine‐based covalent organic framework with sufficiently available interaction sites as stationary phase. The imine‐based covalent organic framework coated capillary was easily prepared via an in situ growth method at room temperature, and its separation performance was evaluated, indicating the high separation efficiency for three types of analytes, including herbicides, polybrominated dibenzofurans, and bisphenols. Moreover, the imine‐based covalent organic framework coated capillary showed good reproducibility and stability, with intraday (n = 3), interday (n = 3), and column‐to‐column (n = 3) relative standard deviations of retention time and peak areas of less than 5%. The separation efficiency of the coated capillary remained unchanged even after 200 runs and the maximum theoretical plates reached up to 85 595 N/m for 4,4′‐ethylidenebisphenol. It was predicted that the imine‐based covalent organic framework stationary phase would be a strong contender for chromatographic separation with high efficiency.
Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for cellular toxicity and pharmacokinetic study of PEG1K polymers
Authors: Ge Yuncheng , Zhang Ning , Zheng Xinyue , Yu Luyao , Liu Yajun , Xue Hongyu , Zhao Jing , You Jiansong , Shi Meiyun , Yin Lei
Published: January 2024

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the most commonly used polymers in drug delivery systems. The investigation of the pharmacokinetic behavior of PEG is important for revealing the toxicity and efficiency of PEG‐related Nano‐drug delivery systems. A high through‐put and selective ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) method coupled with collision‐induced dissociation (CID) in source technique was developed and validated to determine PEG1K polymers in cellular samples in this study. The countless precursor ions of PEG1K are dissociated in the source to generate numerous product ions which have different numbers of subunits. The transition of [M+H]+ precursor ions → product ions at m/z 177.1 (four subunits)→89.1 (two subunits) was selected to determine PEG1K due to its high sensitivity. The UHPLC‐MS/MS method coupled with CID in the source showed good linearity over the range of 0.1–10 μg/mL. Intra‐day and inter‐day accuracies and precisions of the assay were all within ± 12.39%. The assay was successfully applied to a cellular pharmacokinetic study of PEG1K in human breast cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of PEG1K polymers was also studied and the results indicated that the cytotoxicity of PEG1K was not significant in the range of 5–1200 μg/mL.
The Laryngologist Who Saved the Brooklyn Bridge
Authors: Isaacson Glenn
Published: January 2024

Objective

To understand the role of a single laryngologist, Andrew Heermance Smith, in elucidating the mechanisms of Caisson Disease and controlling it effects on bridge workers.

Data Sources

Scientific and lay publications, letters and records of the Roebling family, obituaries and internet sources.

Review Methods

Historical review.

Results

AH Smith combined physiological observations and experiments in the Brooklyn Bridge caissons with a review of the existing engineering and medical literature to describe the Caisson Disease and to devise strategies to ameliorate its effects.

Conclusion

Despite an incorrect conclusion about the pathophysiology of decompression sickness, Smith's stringent standards and timely interventions allow completion of the masonry towers of the Brooklyn Bridge.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:3044–3048, 2024
Sex‐specific association between monocyte to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and extensive abdominal aortic calcification in humans
Authors: Niu Yuyu , Wang Guifang , Feng Xianjun , Niu Hongyi , Shi Wenrui , Shen Yingxue
Published: January 2024

Recent studies have identified monocyte‐to‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) as a simple marker of atherosclerosis. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a direct result of vascular atherosclerosis. Our study aims to investigate the association between MHR and the prevalent extensive AAC and assess the value of MHR for identifying prevalent extensive AAC. 2857 subjects (28.07%) from the cross‐sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 were included in our study. AAC was detected through dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and quantified by Kauppila score. Extensive AAC was identified in 153 (10.44% of 1465) females and 146 (10.49% of 1392) males. With the full adjustment, each SD increase of MHR resulted in an 87.3% additional risk for extensive AAC in females. When dividing into quartiles, the top quartile had a 3.472 times risk of prevalent extensive AAC than the bottom quartile. However, no significant association was observed in males. Furthermore, smooth curve fitting implicated that the significant association was linear in the whole range of MHR among females. Additionally, ROC demonstrated an improvement in the identification of extensive AAC only among females when introducing MHR into established risk factors of atherosclerosis (0.808 vs. 0.864, p < 0.001). Finally, category‐free net reclassification index and integrated discrimination index also supported the improvement by MHR in females. Our study revealed a linear association between MHR and prevalent extensive AAC in females. Moreover, our results implicated the potential value of MHR to refine the identification of prevalent extensive AAC in females.