bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical implication of metabolic syndrome in nonobese patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: soobinl22@naver.com Soo Bin , Kwon Hyeok Chan , Pyo Jung Yoon , Kang Mi Il , Song Jason Jungsik , Park Yong-Beom , Park Jun Yong , Lee Sang-Won
Published: May 2020

Objective: We investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in all or nonobese patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and compared it with age- and gender-matched controls. Also, we assessed the effect of variables at diagnosis on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in all or nonobese AAV patients. Methods: In this study, 173 AAV patients and 344 controls were included and MetS was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adults Treatment Panel III criteria. The obesity based on BMI was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 . The follow-up duration was defined as the period from diagnosis to the last visit or to each poor outcome occurrence. Results: The median age of AAV patients was 58.7 years and 57 patients were men. The prevalence of MetS was 50.9% in all AAV patients and 46.5% in nonobese AAV patients, which were significantly higher than 37.8% in all controls and 28.2% in nonobese controls. In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Mets at diagnosis significantly reduced the cumulative CVD-free survival rate in both all and nonobese AAV patients. In the multivariable Cox hazards model analysis, CVD during follow-up was significantly associated with both BVAS (HR 1.159) and MetS at diagnosis (HR 9.036) in nonobese AAV patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS at diagnosis in all or nonobese AAV patients was significantly higher than those in all or nonobese controls. Furthermore, both BVAS and MetS at diagnosis increased the risk of CVD in nonobese AAV patients.
The Transition in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh Kobra , Ebadi Abbas , Hosseini Mohammadali , Madah Sadat , Khankeh hamidreza
Published: May 2020

Background: Transition in the health system is associated with the movement of the patient between clinical units and between hospitals, This is a complex process with several potential challenges including medical errors, adverse events, increased costs and patient dissatisfaction. Evidence shows that there is a need for greater clarity regarding the concept of transition. Objectives: The present Study was conducted to clarify the core elements of transition in patients admitted to the ICU.Methods: Walker and Avant's eight-step model was used to guide this concept analysis to provid a comprehensive definition of transition. A Literature search was conducted on CINAHL, Scopus, Pubmed, and Google scholar using the following keywords: transition, intensive care unit, transition care, patient transfer and transition process. Thus, after an extensive review of resources published in the years 2000-2020, articles related to this concept were examined based on the inclusion criteria. Definitions, properties, applications, consequences and empirical references of the concept of transition were extracted.Results: Transition is a complex, multifaceted concept with defining attributes: Critical points and events, disturb normal life, passage of change, instability and un-anticipated changes, Multiple needs, Inadequate continuity of care, Poor coordination of care and communication among health care providers, patients and families, multiple factor, multiple professionals, Awareness, Engagement And Adaptation. The differences in the response to transition according to the patient's condition or position (beliefs, attitudes, socioeconomic status, willingness and knowledge) and environmental conditions (the status of communication and support from the community) lead to the development of confidence, adaptation, recovery from critical illness and return to normal life or disability and other complications.Conclusion: The transition is a process of progressive change and the adaptation requires training and environmental changes to improve and develop new skills for transition. Nurses play a supportive and complementary role in successful transition of patients. Therefore, studies need to focuse on the evaluation of nurses' perceptions of patient transition and the consequences and outcomes. The result of this study provide a definition of transition that is relevant and useful for clinical research and practice in healthcare setting.
Discovery of New Mutation Sites of KIF21A Gene in Chinese Patients with Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles
Authors: Xia Cuiran , Shi Ruilan , Nan Lianghuan , Hao Jing , Jia Yading , Li Danjie
Published: May 2020

Background Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) is a rare hereditary nonprogressive disorder characterized by bilateral ptosis, which shows severely limited ocular motility. We reported a new mutation site of KIF21A gene in a Chinese family with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 1 (CFEOM1).Methods A retrospective study of case series was conducted in this study. Standard ocular examinations were performed on 10 family members in a CFEOM1 family. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to sequence 828 genes related to oculopathy. The splice sites of the KIF21A gene were analyzed to detect the existence of mutations.Results The five patients with CFEOM1 were found in the family members of a Chinese family on three generations. A new KIF21A pathogenic SNP mutation site KIF21A-ex20 c.2821C > T (p.Arg941Trp) was identified by comparing with human genome reference genes and Sanger sequencing. .Conclusions A new KIF21A pathogenic SNP mutation site KIF21A-ex20 c.2821C > T (p.Arg941Trp) could possibly be a major disease‑causing gene for the Chinese family with CFEOM1.
The Impact of Expanded Insurance Coverage of Dental Prosthetic Services on Dental Care Utilization Among Older Adults in South Korea: Based on the Korean Health Panel Survey.
Authors: Choi Jin-Sun , Jung Se-Hwan
Published: May 2020

Background: In Korea, the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) began its coverage of dentures and dental implants for older people in 2012 and 2014, respectively. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these policies on dental care utilization among people aged 65 years or older according to their sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Data was collected from the Korea Health Panel (KHP; years 2012 and 2015). The statistical significance of the relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and use of outpatient dental care, denture, and dental implant were analyzed. Results: Results showed an increase of 5.7%, 1.4%, and 2.8% for use of outpatient dental care, denture, and dental implant, respectively, over the course of three years. Including dentures increased its use by 2.5–3.7 times among people aged 70 years or older. Including dental implants alleviated the disparities among age groups and duration of education, except among uneducated people; however, it caused inequity according to household income. Conclusions: Thus, some Korean older adults remain neglected from the benefits of the expanded NHIS; the NHIS should aim for the provision of universal health coverage, and older adults’ access to dental care should be enhanced by the implementation of policies to promote oral health care utilization, Dental prosthetic services, Older adults, Insurance coverage
Inhibiting mir-29 and targeting ADAM12: lidocaine inhibits breast cancer development
Authors: Feng Gui , He Fei
Published: May 2020

Breast cancer is the most common cancers among women in the world. For hundreds of years, researchers are devoted for developing new strategy against cancer. As a rapid and effective local anesthetic, lidocaine is reported having multiple-physiological functions in clinic treatment, such as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity. Besides, the microRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to be involved in the cancer development, and the miRNA-29 family is abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers, which could not only regulate the cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but also promote cancer cell apoptosis by binding to target proteins. However, the protective effect of lidocaine on breast cancer cells and the mechanism was still unclear. In the present study, the relative expression level of the miRNA-29 in cancer cells and tissues was measured with quantitative RT-PCR. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to predict the potential target of the miRNA-29 in breast cancer cells, and the luciferase reporter assay was employed to validate the direct binding of the target protein and the miRNA-29 in breast cancer cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and the Cell Apoptosis Assay Kit were utilized to analyze the cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis after lidocaine treatment.
Senior house officer perspectives on the educational benefits of a local teaching programme at a specialist orthopaedic hospital
Authors: Kyriacou Steven , Eastwood Deborah
Published: May 2020

Background:

Delivering local teaching programmes equally relevant to all senior house officer (SHO) equivalent junior doctors within a tertiary level specialist hospital is challenging. This study aimed to establish the views of SHOs within a specialist orthopaedic hospital on the value of the current local teaching programme to their educational needs how it may potentially be improved?
Methods:

Data was collected via questionnaires of SHOs selected through a combination of convenience and purposive sampling. Responses underwent thematic analysis which utilised a hybrid model of a priori and emergent coding.
Results:

12 (50%) of SHOs within the hospital responded. Thematic analysis of completed questionnaires resulted in identification of 4 main themes: quality/utility of teaching, content of teaching, accessibility of teaching and non-educational benefits. Feedback received regarding the existing local teaching programme was largely positive. Opinions on the utility and content of the teaching programme were found to be the most varied.
Conclusion:

This study highlights the difficulties in delivering a teaching programme to a clinical learner group with diverse educational needs in a specialist hospital setting. Such issues may be minimised by learner survey to identify educational topics of equivalent utility to the majority of the learner group.
Bone Markers in Charcot Neuroarthropathy
Authors: Patel Komal , Bernstein Brent , Grahn Brandy , Stoltzfus Jill
Published: May 2020

Background

There have been multiple studies evaluating the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals in the treatment of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy (CNA). The effectiveness of most pharmaceuticals historically has been based on the levels of certain biomarkers of bone turnover. Previous research has shown bone turnover markers are increased in acute phase of CNA. However, biomarkers activity in chronic phase of CNA and its utility for monitoring treatment response remains to be established. In this article, we evaluated the relationship of such biomarkers to disease severity. We hypothesized that biomarkers such as BSAP and DPD:CRT levels will be directly proportional to disease severity i.e. increased in acute CNA and decreased in chronic CNA. Hence pharmacologic treatment in acute CNA with reference to levels of such biomarkers potentially could be beneficial in clinical settings.
Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 41 patients diagnosed with acute and chronic CNA in our Charcot clinic. Disease severity was determined via pedal temperature difference between affected and unaffected limbs using an OMEGA Surface Temperature Scanner in conjugation with radiographic films and clinical presentation. Temperature of 2 degrees Celsius or greater is considered acute CNA, temperature less than 2 degree Celsius is considered chronic CNA. Urine and serum blood samples were collected at baseline to evaluate the levels of BSAP and DPD:CRT via immunoassays. Statistical analysis was performed via separate Mann Whitney rank sums tests to determine between-group differences in BSAP and DPD:CRT in acute versus chronic CNA.
Results

Bone formation marker BSAP (p = 0.46) and bone resorption marker DPD:CRT (p = 0.92) were not significantly different in acute versus chronic CNA. In acute CNA patients (n = 31) median BSAP was 11.9 (range 3.8–41.3) versus 15.2 (range 4.4–40.7) in chronic CNA patients. In acute CNA patients, median DPD:CRT was 7.8 (range 3.1–38.4) versus 8.8 (range 3.3–18.6) in chronic CNA patients.
Conclusion

The lack of significant between-group differences in BSAP and DPD:CRT calls into question their reliability in monitoring pharmaceuticals effectiveness in acute versus chronic CNA.
Peripheral T Lymphocytes Predict the Severity and Prognosis in Patients with HBV-Related Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wang Feixia , Sun Weiwei , Xiao Qian , Liang Chongfeng , Jiang Shulian , Lian Yanan , Shao Jiangjuan , Tan Shanzhong , Zheng Shi zhong
Published: May 2020

Background Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a life-threatening syndrome with high mortality. Biomarkers are urgently needed to predict the prognosis of HBV-ACLF. Recent evidence suggests a key role for immune system in the pathology of HBV-ACLF. Here, we analyzed the correlation between peripheral blood T lymphocytes and the severity and prognosis in HBV-ACLF patients.Methods Sixty-six patients with HBV-ACLF received conventional medical treatments for four weeks. Twenty-three healthy subjects and 23 HBV patients were enrolled for comparison. We determined white blood cell count, lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in the blood of all subjects. Their associations with laboratory parameters before or after treatments were statistically analyzed.Results The results showed that compare normal subjects and chronic hepatitis B patients, HBV-ACLF patients had significantly increased white blood count, CD4+ T cells and decreased lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells and Treg cells. Correlation analysis showed that white blood cell, lymphocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes were correlated with PTA and MELD scores. After treatment, white blood cell, lymphocytes, and peripheral T lymphocytes were also correlated with PTA and MELD scores. Additionally, TBIL, ALT, INR, MELD and white blood cell count were potential prognostic criteria for HBV-ACLF patients. In conclusion, HBV-ACLF patients had depletion and dysfunction of immune system. Changes of peripheral T lymphocytes were closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of disease.Conclusions Our results may contribute to predict the severity of HBV-ACLF, and provide a prognosis response to improve the treatment of HBV-ACLF.
The effects of workplace health education on smoking-related behaviour and unequal gains by job position in China: ABWMC programme findings
Authors: Lin Haoxiang , Chen Meijun , Chang Chun , Liu Zhao
Published: May 2020

Objective: Although the Chinese government has introduced a series of regulations to promote tobacco-related health education in workplaces, the implementation impact has been far from satisfactory. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of company level tobacco-related health education and the potential unequal gain across job positions.Methods: Data from the 2018 Asia Best Workplace Mainland China programme were employed to address these aims. This was a cross-sectional study that included 14195 employees from 79 companies in mainland China. Spearman correlation tests were used to examine unadjusted correlation between the study variables, and binary logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis.Results: Tobacco-related health education was associated with better smoking harm awareness, lower second-hand smoke exposure, better perceived workplace environment and positive health information-seeking behaviour. Job position interacted with health education, suggesting that positive effects of health education were smaller for general employees than employees who held an administrative position.Conclusions: We conclude that workplace tobacco-related health education was not only associated with tobacco control effects but also had spillover effects, which were significant for higher-ranking employees. Policy makers should recognize and reduce the potential health disparities.
Impact of cancer breast distance from skin surface on axillary lymph node metastasis in female patients with early breast cancer: correlation between radiological and pathological distance
Authors: Essa Mohamed S , Ahmad khaled S , Zayed Mohamed E , Faheem Mohamed H , Abdalla Rana
Published: May 2020

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between proximity of breast cancer to the skin and incidence of axillary nodal metastasis in order to clarify a new guideline in treatment of early cancer breast.Methods: This study includes 50 female patients with early cancer breast (T1 and T2). All patients underwent breast ultrasonography (U/S) with special confirmation on the breast cancer distance from skin surface (radiological distance) in addition to pathological assessment of the distance (pathological distance) after surgical excision and its correlation with radiological distance. Breast conservative surgery (BCS) with axillary clearance was done for 46 patients, while 4 patients underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM).Results: This study showed that the more proximal the cancer from the skin, the higher the incidence of axillary lymph node (LN) metastasis, and the cut off radiological distance was 2.6cm from the skin while cut off pathological distance was 2.56 cm. It also proved that U/S is an accurate and reliable method in a assessing the breast cancer distance. Conclusion: Our results revealed that cancer breast cancers located closer to the skin surface have a higher incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis.
AMPK deficiency induces DNA methylation and aggravates colorectal tumorigenesis in AOM/DSS mice
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Tian Qiyu , Xue Yansong , Bibi Shima , Du Min , Zhu Meijun
Published: May 2020

Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is closely related to metabolic diseases. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as a key metabolic regulator. Recently, the regulartory function of AMPK in the perspective of cancer metabolic reprogramming have attracted increasingly attention.Methods: To assess the regulatory role of AMPK in colonic tumorigenesis, we cross-bred AMPKα1-floxed mice with Lgr5Cre mice to specifically knockout AMPK α1 gene in intestinal stem cells, where Lgr5 is expressed, and their derived epithelial cells. The wild-type and AMPK knockout mice were subjected to azoxymethane-induced and dextran sulfate sodium promoted (AOM/DSS) colitis-associated CRC induction. Mechanisms were examined in Caco-2 cells. Stable AMPK knockout cell line was selected using G418.Results: AMPK deficiency caused colonic hyperproliferation and pathological features, which was associated with accelerated CRC development including the augmentation of tumor number, tumor size, and hyperplasia in the AOM/DSS mouse model. The aggravated colorectal tumorigenesis induced by AMPK ablation likely resulted from the alteration of metabolites, as indicated by the reduced production of α-ketoglutarate, an obligate substrate for ten-eleven translocation hydroxylases (TETs) mediated DNA demethylation, in colonic tissues. Consistent with reduced α-ketoglutarate, the content of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and the activity of TET1 were markably decreased in AMPK deficient mice, correlated with reduced metastasis inhibitors, Adamts1 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 1) and Mal (myelin and lymphocyte), as well as DNA hypermethylation of Mal and Mgmt (O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promotor regions. The mismatch repair (MMR) protein MLH1 or MSH2 levels were downregulated in AMPK deficient Caco-2 cells. AMPK activiation inhibited hypermethylation in promoter regions of Adamts1, Mal and p16ink4a in Caco-2 cells.Conclusions: AMPK deficiency limits α-ketoglutarate concentration and aggregates suppressive epigenetic modifications of antioncogenes in gut epithelial cells, increasing risk of colorectal tumorigenesis. Because AMPK activity is ameable to change, AMPK may serve as a molecular target for colorectal cancer prevention and therapeutic.
Down-regulated CMTM7 promotes metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via its family member CMTM3
Authors: Zhu Xiaonian , Bei Chunhua , Li Di , Zhang Huixia , Zeng Wen , Guo Xuefeng , Kong Juan , Fu Yuanyuan , Zhang Shidong , Tan Shengkui
Published: May 2020

Background

Human chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTM) members are found deregulated in various cancers and play a role in cancer development. Recent studies showed that CMTM7 was down-regulated in liver cancer and functioned as a tumor suppressor.
Methods

The expression of CMTM7 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues was measured by bioinformatics analysis, Western blot, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CCK8 and cell colony formation assays were conducted to detect the cell proliferation. Cell invasion and migration ability was assessed by wound healing and Transwell assays.
Results

We identified a decreased expression of CMTM7 in HCC tissues was closely related to the metastasis and prognosis of HCC patients. To explore the effect of CMTM7 on the biological function of HCC cells, we over-expressed CMTM7 in two HCC cell lines, SK-Hep-1 and Bel-7402 cells. Cell proliferation was reduced significantly after exogenous expression of CMTM7, detected by both CCK8 and colony formation assay. Moreover, the invasion and migration ability of HCC cells were also inhibited by exogenous expression of CMTM7 in wound healing and Transwell assay. Furthermore, there was a significantly positive correlation between CMTM7 and CMTM3 both in HCC cells and tumor tissues.
Conclusions

Our results suggest that down-regulated CMTM7 promotes metastasis of HCC through inducing the expression of its family member CMTM3.
Severe colon ischemia in patients with severe COVID-2019 infection: a report of three cases
Authors: Almeida Ana , Azcárate Víctor Valentí , Justicia Carlos Sánchez , Regueira Fernando Martínez , Martí-Cruchaga Pablo , Cienfuegos Javier A. , Rotellar Fernando
Published: May 2020

Severe disease caused by the SARS-CoV coronavirus is characterized by patients presenting with respiratory distress associated with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (cytokine storm). Sixteen to thirty percent of COVID-19 patients also have gastrointestinal symptoms. Here we present three cases of COVID-19 who developed colonic ischemia. Three males aged 76, 68 and 56 with respiratory distress and receiving mechanical ventilation presented episodes of rectal bleeding, abdominal distension and signs of peritoneal irritation. Endoscopy (case 1) and computed tomography angiography revealed colonic ischemia and pneumoperitoneum.One patient (case 2) underwent surgery in which perforation of the gangrenous cecum and colonic ischemia was confirmed.In all three patients D-dimer levels were markedly increased (2170, 2100 and 7360 ng/mL). All three patients died shortly after diagnosis.In severe COVID-19 disease, the pathogenic cause has increasingly become attributed to the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation secondary to the systemic inflammatory response.
Genetic correlates of psychological responses to the COVID-19 crisis in young adult twins in Great Britain
Authors: Rimfeld Kaili , Malancini Margherita , Allegrini Andrea , Packer Amy E. , McMillan Andrew , Ogden Rachel , Webster Louise , Shakeshaft Nicholas G. , Schofield Kerry L. , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Stringaris Argyris , von Stumm Sophie , Plomin Robert
Published: May 2020

We investigated how the COVID-19 crisis and the extraordinary experience of lockdown affected young adults in England and Wales psychologically. One month after lockdown commenced (T2), we assessed 30 psychological and behavioural traits in 4,000 twins in their mid-twenties and compared their responses to the same traits assessed in 2018 (T1). Mean changes from T1 to T2 were modest and inconsistent: just as many changes were in a positive as negative direction. Twin analyses revealed that genetics accounted for about half of the reliable variance at T1 and T2. Genetic factors correlated on average .86 between T1 and T2 and accounted for over half of the phenotypic stability. Systematic environmental influences had negligible impact on T1, T2 or T2 change. Rather than the crisis fundamentally changing people psychologically, our results suggest that genetic differences between individuals play a fundamental role in shaping psychological and behavioural responses to the COVID-19 crisis.
HEMORRHAGIC PROGRESSION OF CONTUSION IN PATIENTS WITH MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ON THE ROUTINE REPEAT HEAD COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Polishchuk Mykola , Vyval Mykola , Shchehlov Dmytro
Published: May 2020

Computed tomography (CT) scan is a standard for the diagnosis of intracranial pathology after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Hemorrhagic progression of contusion (HPC) is frequently seen on repeat CT, but its clinical and radiological significance in case of mild TBI is not well define.

The aim of the study: to evaluate the result of routine repeat head CT in patients with mild TBI and brain contusions.

Materials and methods: retrospective analysis of management of patients with mild TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score – 13 to 15) and cerebral contusion. All patients were treated at the Kyiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital between 2016 and 2017.

Results: within 202 patients with mild TBI, 87 (43.1 %) met the inclusion criteria and were selected for detailed analysis. There were 69 (79.3 %) men and 18 (20.7 %) women. The mean age of the patients was 43.8±12.7 years (17–82 years). The average time between trauma and CT was 3.3 hours. The average volume of contusion on the initial CT was 1.9±0.6 cm3 (0.2–9.6 cm3). The average time of routine CT was 6.8 hours (range 4–24 hours) after the initial scans. HPC was found in 24 (30.7 %) of 87 cases. The average volume of brain contusion on the repeat CT was 2.3±0.5 cm3 (0.2-17.1 cm3). In 3 (3.4 %) patients the size of the hematoma increased. Clinical deterioration occurred in 10 (11.5 %) patients. Six (6.9 %) patients were operated after a CT scan due to HPC with midline shift in 4 cases and increasing of subdural hematoma – 2 cases. Four of these patients had clinical deterioration, and 2 patients were neurological stable. Patients with HPC at admission had lower points of GCS, fractures of the skull (both p <0.001), subdural blood collection (p=0.002), a higher average duration of treatment 8.1±4.2 vs 14.3±5.2 days (p=0.0001), and mortality rate 0 vs. 3 (12.5 %) (p=0.02).

Conclusions: Routine repeat CT in patients with mild TBI with brain contusions is aimed to find a patients with s high risk for clinical deterioration. One third of patients with mild TBI and brain contusion experienced HPC. Patients with HPC often have unfavorable clinical course with higher average duration of treatment, delay surgical treatment and mortality rate.
Can We Design for Culture? Paradigms and Provocations
Authors: Kim Anna Marazuela
Published: May 2020

While creative placemaking has proved a long-standing paradigm for the arts in city-making strategy, recently there has been a shift towards a cultural infrastructure approach. This article takes critical stock of this paradigm shift, to engage the broader question of whether we can
design for culture in the built environment. Conceptualizing creative placemaking within a larger genealogical framework, I argue that this shift might be understood as responsive to some of the limitations and unintended social consequences of the movement: its temporal nature and contribution
to cycles of gentrification and displacement.
Amiodarone-associated optic neuropathy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Ioyleva E. E. , Gavrilova N. A. , Zinov’eva A. V. , Kats M. V.
Published: May 2020

An increase in the growth of cardiovascular diseases has been observed in the last few years. Cardiac rhythm disturbances, especially atrial fibrillation, in absence of cardioversion and proper prophylaxis lead to thromboembolic complications. Drug therapy in rhythm disorders consists of the many antiarrhythmic drugs, prescribed for a long period of time. This fact can result to the ocular toxicy, which have insidious and slow progression. First and foremost, there is a risk of amiodarone-associated toxicity. Amiodarone affects as anterior segment structures (photosensitivity, corneal and conjunctiva deposits, anterior subcapsular cataract) as posterior segment structures (optic neuropathy). Fibers of the papillomacular bundle are the most vulnerable structures in optic nerve to the toxic effect of amiodarone due to the absence of myelination and salutatory conduction, their small size and high-energy requirements. The difficulties in diagnosis of amiodarone-associated optic neuropathy are related to slow progression (patients don’t notice symptoms until the late stages) and clinical similarity to ischemic optic neuropathy.
Microsurgery of chronic post-intubation laryngeal stenosis using a CO2-laser
Authors: Vavin V. V. , Nazhmudinov I. I. , Davudov Kh. Sh. , Garashchenko T. I. , Davudova B. Kh. , Magomedova K. M. , Khoranova M. Yu.
Published: May 2020

Introduction.Despite significant progress achieved in the surgical treatment of cicatricial laryngeal stenosis and cervical trachea in recent decades, this issue appears relevant, especially among people of young and working age.

Aim of the study:To develop tactics for surgical treatment of post-intubation laryngeal stenosis using a CO2-laser.

Materials and methods:During the period from 2015 to 2019, surgical treatment was performed for 105 patients with post-intubation cicatricial stenosis of the larynx using microsurgical techniques and a CO2-laser, provided that the cartilage frame of the larynx was preserved, which was determined in a preoperative examination.

Results and discussion:In the postoperative period, patients were monitored from 6 months to 3 years. Localization of cicatricial post-intubation laryngeal stenosis in the vestibular region is quite rare. According to the results of the study, achievement of a stable functional result was obtained in 20 (84%) of 24 patients with lesions of the vocal section of the larynx, in one case a cicatricial membrane of this section of the larynx was required to be excised after one year, and laryngoplasty with extra laryngeal access in four cases. Post-intubation stenosis of sub-folded localization is most widespread, and in our observations they amounted to 79%. The use of endolaryngeal access using a CO2-laser made it possible to achieve a good functional result in 66% of cases, reconstruction of the larynx by extra-laryngeal access was required in 33%, and laryngotracheal resection in 1%.

Conclusion:It is shown that the use of a CO2-laser in the surgical treatment of chronic post-intubation laryngeal stenosis significantly expands operational capabilities due to the high accuracy and low level of damage to surrounding tissues. This method allows the formation of minimal wound surfaces by submucosal excision of scar tissue and makes it possible to cover the wound with microlosks of the mucous membrane, reducing the time of epithelization in the intervention area, which is an important prevention of repeated stenosis. In the surgical treatment of extended stenosis of the middle part of the larynx, there are prerequisites for repeated wound replacement with scar tissue, which in our observations was avoided by using endoprostheses. The defeat of the sub-follicular part of the larynx is prone to restenosis even in the absence of data for the defeat of the cartilaginous framework of the larynx.
Modern possibilities of topical therapy of upper respiratory tract and throat infectious inflammatory diseases
Authors: Ryazantsev S. V. , Pavlova S. V.
Published: May 2020

Introduction.At the present moment, the healthcare system has faced significant problems in terms of infectious safety: an unprecedented increase in the spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms, the annual appearance of 1-2 “new” infectious diseases, an increase in the proportion of emergent infections, especially of viral etiology, against which there are no effective drugs, and the spread drug-resistant microorganisms, as well as the establishment of a direct etiological or trigger role of microbial agents in the development of somatic human pathology.

The aimof our work was to evaluate the topical preparation (amylmetacresol and dichlorobenzyl alcohol) used to stop the inflammatory process and eliminate pain in patients with pharyngeal diseases.

Patients and methods.We studied the antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect of a fixed combination of 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol 1.2 mg, amylmethacresol 0.6 mg. 20 patients with manifestations of inflammatory changes in the pharyngeal cavity underwent treatment with Strepsils resorption tablets according to the scheme. The control group consisted of 10 patients who received therapy according to the usual scheme.

Results and discussion.As a result of the therapy, sore throat in patients in the first group completely disappeared amongst 15 patients, and its intensity significantly decreased amongst 5 patients. Patients noted that the use of Strepsils resorption tablets reduces the sensation of a foreign body, irritation in the pharynx and oral cavity; eliminates pain, tickle, feeling of soreness in the throat. The analgesic effect of the drug manifested itself after about 5 minutes and lasted up to 2 hours. By the end of the treatment, all patients from this group had unpleasant sensations and discomfort completely stopped.

Conclusion.Amylmethacresol/Dichlorobenzyl Absorption Tablets is a well-tolerated and effective over-the-counter treatment offering functional, sensory and emotional benefits for patients with acute sore throat, providing a quick onset of effect and may be more relevant and suitable than antibiotics when pharyngitis associated with viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
Modern approaches to the treatment of sore throat
Authors: Ovchinnikov A. Yu. , Mirochnichenkо N. A. , Ekaterinchev V. A.
Published: May 2020

The larynx is the first part of the respiratory and digestive tract and it performs vital functions. The air stream, passing through the throat and coming into contact with its mucous membrane, is moistened, warmed up and purified. Due to the anatomical structure of the mouth cavity and pharynx, it creates conditions for entry, presence and inactivation of microorganisms, viruses and fungi. Under normal conditions, due to effective protective mechanisms (mucociliary and immune), pathogens are trapped in the upper respiratory tract while the lower sections remain «clean». Acute pharyngitis is a widespread, polyetiological disease of the upper respiratory tract. There are quite a few preconditions for its development. A favorable background for local inflammation is the reduction of specific and non-specific protection factors, which may be observed in the existing chronic inflammation and worsened in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, with prolonged use of cytostatics and/or glucocorticosteroids and many other immunocompromised conditions. Due to the prevalence of pharyngitis, the development of effective screening and treatment methods is particularly relevant. Given the localized nature of inflammatory process in the pharynx and the possibility of side effects, general anti-inflammatory drugs are used less and less frequently, and local non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are increasingly drawing the attention of physicians. The article discusses the possibilities and effectiveness of the medication based on benzidamine hydrochloride in treating pharyngitis of diverse etiology. The article presents the studies of foreign scientists, as well as dosages and peculiarities of the medication application. Treatment of acute tonsillipharyngitis with local non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is commonly accepted and widely used in the practice of pediatricians, therapists and otorhinolaryngologists and allows to achieve rapid relief of the patient’s condition.
Topical antibiotics for acute rhinosinusitis in children
Authors: Karpova E. P. , Tulupov D. A. , Zyabkin I. V.
Published: May 2020

In this article, the authors provide an overview of existing data on the use of topical antibacterial drugs in acute rhinosinusitis in children. General information on the etiology of acute rhinosinusitis is given. Indications for systemic and topical antibiotic therapy in acute rhinosinusitis are noted, indicated in Russian and international consensus documents. The advantages of using the combined preparation of thiamphenicol and N-acetylcysteine in acute rhinosinusitis in children and adults are considered separately. It is concluded that the topical antibacterial therapy of acute rhinosinusitis, despite all its advantages, is not an equivalent substitute for systemic antibacterial therapy in the treatment of severe and, especially, complicated forms of acute rhinosinusitis. The practitioner should be guided by the indications for systemic and topical antibacterial therapy adopted in Russian consensus documents. If there are indications for systemic antibiotic therapy, local remedies are only ancillary treatment, the action of which is aimed at enhancing the effect of systemic antibiotics. In the case of monotherapy with local drugs containing antibacterial components, it is mandatory to re-evaluate the patient’s condition and the dynamics of the symptoms of the disease for 2–3 days of treatment, and in the absence of positive changes, reconsider the need for systemic antibacterial therapy. More promising is the use of combined drugs that, in addition to affecting the causative agent of the disease, achieve anti-inflammatory, decongestion or mucolytic effects. It is convenient and rational to use nasal sprays, however, in order to improve the delivery of the active substance to the site of inflammation in acute rhinosinusitis, the use of nebulizer is justified.
Diagnosis and treatment of dysphonia at the present stage
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Nikiforova G. N. , Pobivantseva A. A.
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the main aspects of diagnosis and treatment of dysphonia at the present stage and provides best practice guidelines. There is a vast array of pathologies that can give rise to dysphonia. Neoplastic processes and neoplasms, which late diagnosis leads to higher mortality, are considered alarming in this context. If dysphonia persists for more than 4 weeks, it is required to make laryngoscopy to exclude serious larynx diseases. People whose work involves using their voice are the most susceptible to the development of dysphonia. It is important to identify risk factors in patients, which include recent operations in the head, neck and chest area, recent endotracheal intubation, the presence of neck lesion, voice and speech profession, smoking history, signs of respiratory failure. Treatment for dysphonia depends on the cause of the pathological process and may include management of the underlying disease, pharmacotherapy, non-drug treatment and surgical intervention. There are extremely few products among the health aids of allopathic medicine that specifically improve the quality of voice function. In this regard, homeopathic medicines play a large role in the treatment of voice disorders. Clinical studies showed the efficacy of these medicines, which have a wide range of indications and a minimal number of side effects. However, the use of traditional homeopathic medicines is limited by the need for homeopathy expertise. Complex homeopathic medicines have been developed to optimize the treatment of these patients. Any specialist without homeopathy expertise may use a combination of these medicines and conventional treatment.
Therapeutic potential of topical naturopathic remedies in otorhinolaryngology
Authors: Eremeeva K. V. , Svistushkin V. M.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. Тhe search for drugs that accelerate the process of resolving post-traumatic reactive changes, which have both sufficient anti-edema and anti-inflammatory effects, and reparative properties, is relevant.

Goal of reserch. The purpose of this review is to find a means to speed wound healing after nasal traumas.

Materials and methods. The researchers conducted an analysis of scientific research data to evaluate the efficacy of naturopathic mountain arnica-based remedies for the treatment of patients with an external nose trauma accompanied by the formation of edema, hematoma of lateral nasal wall and/or skin abrasions of external nose.

Results. This work shows that topical plant remedies based on Аrnicamontana has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antiedema effect, comparable to the traditionally used for this purpose heparin-containing ointments and gels. However, unlike the latter, products based on Arnica montana have a pronounced wound- healing effect, which allows to significantly reduce the time to resolve traumatic injuries of the skin of the external nose. The analysis of the work also demonstrates the absence of adverse reactions when using this drug.

Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to recommend topical naturpathic remedies based on Arnicamontana for use as a firstchoice drug for wound healing after nasal traumas. In addition, the drug is effective in the complex treatment of patients with nasal trauma requiring surgical intervention: at the preoperative stage - to reduce post-traumatic reactions and prepare for surgery, and at the postoperative stage - for the early recovery, reducing edema and inflammation.
SARS-CoV-2 known and unknowns, implications for the water sector and wastewater-based epidemiology to support national responses worldwide: early review of global experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hill Kelly , Zamyadi Arash , Deere Dan , Vanrolleghem Peter A. , Crosbie Nicholas D.
Published: May 2020

Wastewater surveillance of pathogens may be a useful tool to help determine whether clinical surveillance of disease is effective or inadequate due to under-reporting and under-detection. In addition, tracking of pathogen concentrations over time could potentially provide a measure of the effectiveness of public health control measures and the impact of the gradual relaxation of these controls. Analysis of wastewater using quantitative molecular methods offers a real-time measure of infections in the community, and thus is expected to provide a more sensitive and rapid indication of changes in infection rates before such effects become detectable by clinical health surveillance. Models may help to back-calculate wastewater prevalence to population prevalence or to correct pathogen counts for wastewater catchment-specific and temporal effects. They may also help to design the wastewater sampling strategy. This article provides a brief summary of the history of pathogen wastewater surveillance to help set the context for the SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) programmes currently being undertaken globally.
Process water recovery via forward osmosis: membrane and integrated process development
Authors: Martin J. , Kolliopoulos G. , Papangelakis V. G.
Published: May 2020

This work reports on efforts to develop an integrated continuous forward osmosis system for the recovery of water from wastewater streams, highlighting critical process parameters to minimize energy consumption. Forward osmosis experiments were performed using NaCl draw solutions of various concentrations and the intrinsic membrane parameters (water permeability, draw solution permeability, and structural parameter) were then determined via nonlinear regression using MATLAB. The experimental data was then used to validate a theoretical water flux model, which was subsequently applied to simulate the forward osmosis performance under different hydrodynamic conditions using both NaCl and TMA-CO2-H2O (TMA: trimethylamine) draw solutions. Analysis of the energy efficiency of the TMA-CO2 draw solution regeneration stage revealed that the draw solution flow rate has a significant impact on energy consumption. Also, increasing the feed flow rate was found to slightly enhance the water flux up to 2.5%, while having a negligible impact on the downstream regeneration process energy consumption.
Food Industry 4.0 readiness in Hungary
Authors: Debrenti Attila Sándor , Herdon Miklós
Published: May 2020

In terms of production value, the food industry is the third-largest in Hungary, the first in Hungary in terms of the number of employees, and the first in Europe in the processing industry, as well as a significant user of resources. The research examined the state of art of digitalization readiness, focusing on I4.0 technologies, which supports the management to operate more efficiently the enterprise and to make better decisions. So the focus was on integrated enterprise information systems, management support systems, business intelligence systems, industry 4.0 technologies, and issues related to their application. The analysis based on an online questionnaire survey the request sent to 4.600 enterprises, the response rate was 5% which was representative of the branches of production, covered the Hungarian food and beverage manufacturing sectors in 2019. The companies were asked the most critical technologies in development, going towards Industry 4.0. The research tools were LimeSurvey, Mailing List Server, Excel, Power BI (Desktop, Publishing Server to distribute the results). The used analysing methods were making calculations, pivot tables, models, dasboards. We found that a significant portion of businesses, 78 %, use mobile devices in the manufacturing process. The three most relevant digital technologies are geolocating (GPS, GNSS), cloud computing, and sensor technology. The current level of digitalization and integration cannot be said to be high, but respondents are very optimistic about expectations. Improvements are expected in all areas in the next 2-3 years in terms of digitalisation and integration. Vertical integration involves, first and foremost, cooperation with partners in the supply chain. Horizontal integration means close, real-time connectivity and collaboration within the company. Unfortunately, between 6% and 15% of SMEs (approximately 9% on average) and large enterprises, 36% have a digital strategy. According to the survey, the sector needs significant improvement and creating a digitalization strategy.
Floorball helyzetének és passzív sportfogyasztásának vizsgálata egy kutatás tükrében
Authors: Pfau Christa Sára , Szabados György , Dorogi K
Published: May 2020

A floorball sportággal kapcsolatos kutatások általában orvostudományhoz kötődnek, más területen kevés elemzés látott napvilágot. Így a tanulmány célja az volt, hogy bemutassuk a floorball sportág helyzetét hazánkban és passzív sport fogyasztók véleményét vizsgáljuk a sportágról. Ezen belül foglalkozunk hazánk versenyrendszerével, a szövetség szervezeti felépítésével és a sport népszerűségével. Primer kutatásunk során a nézők aspektusából, mint passzív fogyasztókat kérdeztük meg egy kérdőíves felmérés során, hogy milyen kapcsolatuk van a floorball sportággal. A kérdőívben kitértünk arra, hogy találkoztak-e már ezzel a sportággal, valamint, hogy láttak-e már, vagy mi vonzotta ki őket a mérkőzésre. Vizsgáltuk a fizetési hajlandóságukat is. Az eredményeket összevetettük a sportág egyik hazai vezetőjének véleményével, amely sok esetben megegyezett az eredményekkel. A kérdőívet 153 fő töltötte ki, melyeknek több mint 95%-a hallott a sportágról és legnagyobb százalékban már általános iskolában volt lehetősége ismerkedni a floorballal. A megkérdezettek 65%-a már látott élőben floorball mérkőzést, amelyet főleg barátaival/ismerőseivel látogatott. Ez a fiatal sportág egyre népszerűbb lehet a fiatalok körében nemcsak kiegészítő sportágként.