bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Floquet modes and stability analysis of periodic orbit-attitude solutions along Earth–Moon halo orbits
Authors: Colombi Francesco , Colagrossi Andrea , Lavagna Michèle
Published: July 2021

Future space programmes pose some interesting research problems in the field of non-Keplerian dynamics, being the Moon and the cislunar space central in the proposed roadmap for the future space exploration. In these regards, the deployment of a cislunar space station on a non-Keplerian orbit in the lunar vicinity is a fundamental milestone to be achieved. The paper investigates the natural orbit-attitude dynamics and the attitude stabilisation of coupled motions for extended bodies in the Earth–Moon system. The discussion is carried out analysing the phase space of natural dynamics, constituted by both the orbital and the rotational periodic motions of a spacecraft in cislunar orbits. Floquet theory is applied to periodic orbit-attitude solutions in lunar proximity, to characterise their attitude stability properties and their attitude manifolds, which are discussed and analysed focusing on their dynamical features applicable to cislunar environment. Attitude stabilisation methods are proposed and developed, with particular attention to spin-stabilised solutions. Periodic orbit-attitude dynamics are studied to highlight possible favourable conditions that may be exploited to host a cislunar space station with a simplified control action. The focus of the analysis is dedicated to halo orbits and near-rectilinear halo orbit in the circular restricted three-body problem Earth–Moon system.
Analytical solutions for low-thrust orbit transfers
Authors: Di Carlo Marilena , Vasile Massimiliano
Published: July 2021

This paper presents analytical solutions for the estimation of the $$\Delta V$$

Δ
V

cost of the transfer of a spacecraft subject to a low-thrust action. The equations represent an extension of solutions already available in the literature. Moreover, the paper presents novel analytical solutions for low-thrust transfers under the effect of the second-order zonal harmonics of the Earth’s gravitational potential. In particular, the paper is divided into two parts. The first part presents analytical expressions for the $$\Delta V$$

Δ
V

cost of transfers. All analytical equations were validated through numerical integration of the dynamics of the spacecraft. The second part of the paper introduces new analytical equations for low-thrust transfers between circular inclined orbits with different values of the right ascension of the ascending node, under the effect of the second-order zonal harmonic of the Earth’s gravitational potential. Both in the first and second parts, analytic solutions for the variation with time of the orbital elements during the transfer are presented. The proposed equations are applicable to low-thrust transfer realised through a long spiral trajectory.
Mapping humidity-dependent mechanical properties of a single cellulose fibre
Authors: Auernhammer Julia , Keil Tom , Lin Binbin , Schäfer Jan-Lukas , Xu Bai-Xiang , Biesalski Markus , Stark Robert W.
Published: July 2021

Modelling of single cellulose fibres is usually performed by assuming homogenous properties, such as strength and Young’s modulus, for the whole fibre. Additionally, the inhomogeneity in size and swelling behaviour along the fibre is often disregarded. For better numerical models, a more detailed characterisation of the fibre is required. Herein, we report a method based on atomic force microscopy to map these properties along the fibre. A fibre was mechanically characterised by static colloidal probe AFM measurements along the longitudinal direction of the fibre. Thus, the contact stress and strain at each loading point could be extracted. Stress–strain curves were be obtained along the fibre. Additionally, mechanical properties such as adhesion or dissipation were mapped. Local variations of the effective fibre radius were recorded via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy measurements revealed the local macroscopic fibril orientation and provided an overview of the fibre topography. By combining these data, regions along the fibre with higher adhesion, dissipation, bending ability and strain or differences in the contact stress when increasing the relative humidity could be identified. This combined approach allows for one to obtain a detailed picture of the mechanical properties of single fibres.

Graphic abstract
Analysis of digital competence of educators (DigCompEdu) in teacher trainees: the context of Melilla, Spain
Authors: García-Vandewalle García José Manuel , García-Carmona Marina , Trujillo Torres Juan Manuel , Moya Fernández Pablo
Published: July 2021

The Spanish autonomous city of Melilla, located in northwest Africa, has one of the highest academic failure and abandonment rates in Europe. An effective way to improve this situation would be to improve students’ digital competence. In order to do so, teachers must have competent digital skills themselves and also be able to teach them. To determine teachers’ level of digital competence, the Spanish adaptation of the European Framework for Digital Competence of Educators was used to analyse the self-assessment responses of teachers in training at the Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences in Melilla, Spain. Several quantitative techniques were used to analyse data collected from a questionnaire based on the items in the framework. Indicators were given to each competence using a factor analysis to contrast differences between undergraduate and postgraduate students. Correlations between some of the students’ characteristics and the competences were estimated using OLS. The results show students’ self-assessment level of digital competence in different areas and differences between the bachelor’s and master’s programmes. Digital competence gaps were also detected in teacher training, especially in security. The conclusions highlight the need to improve digital security and facilitate a higher level of digital skills in line with the framework. Indeed, more hours of training in digital competence are required while taking into account the educational context and the technological, pedagogical and content knowledge needed to teach. Equally, the same skills must be developed by educators in order for them to transmit digital competence to their students and support them in educational centres.
Alterations in Gut Vitamin and Amino Acid Metabolism are Associated with Symptoms and Neurodevelopment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Hua Xueying , Yang Ting , Guo Min , Li Qiu , Xiao Lu , Li Ling , Chen Jie , Li Tingyu
Published: July 2021

Metabolic disturbance may be implicated in the pathogenesis of autism. This study aimed to investigate the gut metabolomic profiles of autistic children and to analyze potential interaction between gut metabolites with autistic symptoms and neurodevelopment levels. We involved 120 autistic and 60 neurotypical children. Autistic symptoms and neurodevelopment levels were assessed. Fecal samples were analyzed using untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. Our results showed the metabolic disturbances of autistic children involved in multiple vitamin and amino acid metabolism pathways, with the strongest enrichment identified for tryptophan metabolism, retinol metabolism, cysteine-methionine metabolism, and vitamin digestion and absorption. Differential gut metabolites were correlated to autistic symptoms and neurodevelopment levels. Our findings improved the understanding of the perturbations of metabolome networks in autism.
Quality of life and subjective sleep-related measures in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder
Authors: Jermann Françoise , Perroud Nader , Favre Sophie , Aubry Jean-Michel , Richard-Lepouriel Hélène
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Diminished quality of life (QoL) has been reported in patients with mood disorders. QoL has also been shown to be decreased by sleep disturbances. Since sleep disorders are common in mood disorders, the aim of this study was to determine whether sleep characteristics are associated to QoL among patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and unipolar Major Depressive Disorders (MDD).

Methods

QoL was assessed in 170 patients with mood disorders (61 BD and 109 MDD), who also completed questionnaires measuring the severity of insomnia, sleepiness, chronotype preference and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) probability index.

Results

Analyses showed that BD and MDD groups had similar QoL and sleep measures but the MDD group had higher OSA scores. In BD, correlations indicated a relationship between QoL and insomnia complaints and sleepiness, whereas in MDD, correlations indicated an association between QoL and insomnia complaints and OSA score. In both groups, QoL was related to depressive symptomatology. Linear regressions showed that, in BD, QoL was related to insomnia complaints and sleepiness even in the euthymic state, whereas in MDD, QoL was related to insomnia complaints but not in euthymic patients.

Conclusion

QoL is related to sleep differently in BD and MDD. The results suggest that insomnia and sleepiness are particularly high in BD even when patients are euthymic. These findings suggest that focusing on insomnia and sleepiness during different mood states of BD could increase QoL.
Conceptual engineering and operationalism in psychology
Authors: Vessonen Elina
Published: July 2021

This paper applies conceptual engineering to deal with four objections that have been levelled against operationalism in psychology. These objections are: (i) operationalism leads to harmful proliferation of concepts, (ii) operationalism goes hand-in-hand with untenable antirealism, (iii) operationalism leads to arbitrariness in scientific concept formation, and (iv) operationalism is incompatible with the usual conception of scientific measurement. Relying on a formulation of three principles of conceptual engineering, I will argue that there is a useful form of operationalism that does not fall prey to these four objections.
Understanding scientific progress: the noetic account
Authors: Dellsén Finnur
Published: July 2021

What is scientific progress? This paper advances an interpretation of this question, and an account that serves to answer it (thus interpreted). Roughly, the question is here understood to concern what type of cognitive change with respect to a topicXconstitutes a scientific improvement (to a greater or lesser extent) with respect toX. The answer explored in the paper is that the requisite type of cognitive change occurs when scientific results are made publicly available so as to make it possible for anyone to increase their understanding ofX. This account is briefly compared to two rival accounts of scientific progress, based respectively on increasing truthlikeness and accumulating knowledge, and is argued to be preferable to both.
Value of gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assay in the diagnosis of peritoneal dialysis-associated tuberculous peritonitis
Authors: Fan Qiuxia , Huang Xiaoyan , Zhang Jieyun , Sun Yinan , Xiong Zuying , Xiong Zibo
Published: July 2021

Background

Tuberculous peritonitis is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection in peritoneal dialysis patients. However, diagnosing tuberculous peritonitis quickly and early has always been a challenge for nephrologists. Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-specific gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot (IFN-γ ELISPOT) assay has been widely used in the clinical diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy and peritonitis, but its use has not been reported for uremia.

Methods

This study mainly verified the feasibility of using the M. tuberculosis antigen-specific IFN-γ ELISPOT assay in the diagnosis of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with tuberculous peritonitis. Taking M. tuberculosis culture as the gold standard, the IFN-γ ELISPOT assay was used to analyze peripheral blood and peritoneal dialysis fluid of patients, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in patients with tuberculous peritonitis (TBP) or non-tuberculous peritonitis (NTBP) were analyzed.

Results

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.927 (95% CI 0.816–1.000, P = 0.001) for the ELISPOT assay with peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells (PFMC), which was higher than that for the ELISPOT assay with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (0.825, 95% CI 0.6490–1.000, P = 0.011). The cutoff value for the diagnosis of TBP was 40 spot-forming cells (SFCs)/2 × 105 for the ELISPOT with PBMC, with a sensitivity of 55.6%, a specificity of 92.3%, and a diagnostic efficiency of 77.3%. The cutoff value for the diagnosis of TBP was 100 SFCs/2 × 105 for the ELISPOT on PFMC, with a sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic efficiency 77.8%, 84.6%, and 81.8%, respectively. Parallel and serial testing algorithms appeared more accurate than single ELISPOT assays with PBMC, but ELISPOT assays with PFMC.

Conclusions

The IFN-γ release test can be used for the early diagnosis of CAPD-related TBP; compared with peripheral blood, peritoneal fluid may be a more effective and accurate medium to diagnose CAPD complicated with tuberculous peritonitis.
Correction to: Ecotoxicity screening evaluation of selected pharmaceuticals and their transformation products towards various organisms
Authors: Grabarczyk Łukasz , Mulkiewicz Ewa , Stolte Stefan , Puckowski Alan , Pazda Magdalena , Stepnowski Piotr , Białk-Bielińska Anna
Published: July 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s11356-020-08881-3
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Counselling in Relation to Female Genital Cutting: Swedish Professionals’ Approach to Menstrual Pain as an Empirical Example
Authors: Palm Camilla , Johnsdotter Sara , Elmerstig Eva , Holmström Charlotta , Essén Birgitta
Published: July 2021

In Sweden, as well as in an international context, professionals are urged to acquire knowledge about possible health effects of female genital cutting (FGC) in order to tackle prevention and care in relation to the practice. While professionals are guided by policies and interventions focusing on medical effects of FGC, some scholars have cautioned that many popular beliefs about health risks rest on inconclusive evidence. The way professionals understand and respond to health information about FGC has in this context largely been left unexamined. This article aims to provide a qualitative exploration of how professionals in Sweden approach adolescent sexual and reproductive healthcare encounters in relation to acquired knowledge about FGC, using menstrual pain as an empirical example. The analysis shows that there was a tendency in counselling to differentiate young migrant women’s menstrual complaints from ordinary menstrual pain, with professionals understanding pain complaints either in terms of FGC or as culturally influenced. The study shows how professionals navigated their various sources of knowledge where FGC awareness worked as a lens through which young women’s health complaints were understood. Biomedical knowledge and culture-specific expectations and assumptions regarding menstrual pain also informed counselling. Finally, the article discusses how FGC awareness about health risks was used constructively as a tool to establish rapport and take a history on both menstrual pain and FGC. The analysis also recognises potential pitfalls of the approaches used, if not based in well-informed policies and interventions in the first place.
Referral to and enrolment in cardiac rehabilitation after open-heart surgery in the Netherlands
Authors: Conijn D. , de Lind van Wijngaarden R. A. F. , Vermeulen H. M. , Vliet Vlieland T. P. M. , Meesters J. J. L
Published: July 2021

Aim

Although referral to phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation (CR) following open-heart surgery is recommended in professional guidelines, according to the literature, participation rates are suboptimal. This study investigates the referral and enrolment rates, as well as determinants for these rates, for phase 2 CR following open-heart surgery via sternotomy.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among patients who underwent open-heart surgery via sternotomy in a university hospital. Data on referral and enrolment rates and possible factors associated with these rates (age, sex, type of surgery, educational level, living status, employment, income, ethnicity) were collected by a questionnaire or from the patient’s medical file. Univariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio) was used to study associations of patient characteristics with referral and enrolment rates.

Results

Of the 717 eligible patients, 364 (51%) completed the questionnaire. Their median age was 68 years (interquartile range 61–74) and 82 (23%) were female. Rates for referral to and enrolment in phase 2 CR were 307 (84%) and 315 (87%), respectively. Female sex and older age were independently associated with both non-referral and non-enrolment. Additional factors for non-enrolment were surgery type (coronary artery bypass grafting with valve surgery and miscellaneous types of relatively rare surgery), living alone and below-average income.

Conclusion

Phase 2 CR referral and enrolment rates for patients following open-heart surgery were well over 80%, suggesting adequate adherence to professional guidelines. During consultation, physicians and specialised nurses should pay more attention to certain patient groups (at risk of non-enrolment females and elderly). In addition, in-depth qualitative research to identify reasons for non-referral and/or non-enrolment is needed.
When names are on the line: Negotiating authorship with your team
Authors: Regehr Glenn
Published: July 2021

None
The stochastic tamed MHD equations: existence, uniqueness and invariant measures
Authors: Schenke Andre
Published: July 2021

We study the tamed magnetohydrodynamics equations, introduced recently in a paper by the author, perturbed by multiplicative Wiener noise of transport type on the whole space $${\mathbb {R}}^{3}$$

R

3

and on the torus $${\mathbb {T}}^{3}$$

T

3

. In a first step, existence of a unique strong solution are established by constructing a weak solution, proving that pathwise uniqueness holds and using the Yamada–Watanabe theorem. We then study the associated Markov semigroup and prove that it has the Feller property. Finally, existence of an invariant measure of the equation is shown for the case of the torus.
Prävalenz kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren bei Polizeivollzugsbeamten in Ausbildung
Authors: Koch S. , Werdecker L. , Esch T.
Published: July 2021

Hintergrund

Für Polizeibeamte besteht durch gleichzeitiges Auftreten von beruflichem Stress, wie etwa dem Schicht- und Wechseldienst, dem Bewältigungserfordernis dynamisch-komplexer Einsatzlagen sowie einer erhöhten Risiko- und Gefährdungsstufe und gesundheitsschädlichen Lebensgewohnheiten ein erhöhtes Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen. Der Fokus bisheriger Studien lag auf älteren Polizeibeamten, während zur Situation bei jüngeren Rekruten nur wenig bekannt ist.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Prävalenz und Ausprägung individueller Risikofaktoren sollten in einem Kollektiv von jungen Polizeirekruten untersucht werden.

Methodik

Alle Thüringer Polizeibeamten des Ausbildungsjahres 2017/2018 (n = 199, 151 männlich) wurden untersucht. Das Durchschnittsalter lag bei 24,3 ± 4,3 Jahren (Männer) bzw. 23,4 ± 3,8 Jahren (Frauen). Ruhepuls, Blutdruck, Body-Mass-Index (BMI) und Bauchumfang wurden als körperliche Indikatoren kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren gemessen, Lebensstil-Parameter wurden anhand selbst auszufüllender Fragebögen (soziodemografische Daten, Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens etc.) erfasst.

Ergebnisse

Wesentliche Risikofaktoren kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen wie Übergewicht, vergrößerter Bauchumfang und Nikotinabusus traten bei Männern und Frauen in 37 % und 9 % (Übergewicht), 11 % und 23 % (Bauchumfang) bzw. 34 % und 47 % (Nikotinabusus) auf. Rekruten mit Übergewicht rauchten signifikant häufiger (p = 0,008). Bei zwei Studienteilnehmern lag eine arterielle Hypertonie vor, bei 19 % war der Blutdruck akut erhöht.

Schlussfolgerung

Bei Polizeirekruten besteht eine erhöhte Prävalenz von kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren wie Übergewicht, großer Bauchumfang oder Nikotinabusus. Da insbesondere übergewichtige Polizeianwärter verstärkt zu Nikotin- und Alkoholkonsum neigen, stellen diese ein besonders gefährdetes Risikokollektiv dar. Maßnahmen zur Prävention und Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz sollten die Rekruten bei der Risikominimierung unterstützen.
En route to the North: modelling crested porcupine habitat suitability and dispersal flows across a highly anthropized area in northern Italy
Authors: Torretta Elisa , Orioli Valerio , Bani Luciano , Mantovani Sergio , Dondina Olivia
Published: July 2021

The crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) underwent a rapid and widespread range expansion in Italy. Nowadays the species is moving towards the northernmost regions of the country and its occurrence is increasing in the highly anthropized Po Plain. Our objectives were to evaluate the suitability of the Po Plain for the species, as well as to identify dispersal corridors connecting the northern Apennines occurrence areas and the Prealps. We modelled the species home-range scale habitat suitability based on an ensemble modelling approach. Additionally, a habitat suitability prediction carried out at a finer scale was used to parametrize the landscape resistance, based on which we modelled the potential dispersal corridors for the species using a factorial least-cost path approach. The ensemble prediction estimated a potential occurrence of the crested porcupine in 27.4% of the study area. The species occurrence probability was mainly driven by the distribution of extensive cultivations, woodlands and shrublands, and water courses and by the annual mean temperature. Conversely, the movements of the species resulted mainly sustained by woodlands and shrublands and highly hindered by simple arable lands and rice paddies. The connectivity prediction showed that three main dispersal routes are likely to connect crested porcupine occurrence areas in the northern Apennines to currently unoccupied but highly suitable areas in the Prealps. The study allowed us to identify the areas in the Prealps with the highest probability to be colonized by the crested porcupine in the near future and provided important insights for the conservation of a strictly protected species in a human-dominated landscape.
Corrective Justice and Reparations for Black Slavery
Authors: Davis Adrienne D.
Published: July 2021

Over the last two decades, legal scholarship has been catching up with the more than century old calls by black Americans for reparations.1 Tax scholar Boris Bittker (in)famously launched the viability of black reparations into legal scholarship with his now classic monograph, The Case for Black Reparations.2 However, it would take more than twenty years for mainstream legal scholarship to take up the robust and wide-ranging set of questions raised by the possibility of reparations for American slavery.3 In the late 1990s private law scholars leapt into the debate, discussing unjust enrichment and torts-based models of black reparations.4 While these scholars made a variety of distinct arguments, collectively, their model rested on the contention that America had wrongfully expropriated the labor of generations of enslaved African Americans and the result had been systemic unjust enrichment, or a species of mass torts. Grounded in various conceptions of corrective justice, these models conceive black reparations as a set of claims that would be litigated through the courts. Over the ensuing two decades, the private law model has become somewhat of an outlier in reparations discussions, largely set aside in favor of broader, more explicitly political approaches.
Building a pipeline of community-engaged researchers: How interdisciplinary translational research training programs can collaborate with their Community Research Advisory Councils
Authors: LaFave Sarah E. , Wallace Duane J. , Grover Raneitra , Clark Roger , Marks Stacey , Lacanienta Cyd , Evans Crystal , Kalil Graziela Z. , Ouyang Pamela , Himmelfarb Cheryl R. , Abshire Martha
Published: July 2021

Community research advisory councils (C-RAC) bring together community members with interest in research to support design, evaluation, and dissemination of research in the communities they represent. There are few ways for early career researchers, such as TL1 trainees, to develop skills in community-engaged research, and there are limited opportunities for C-RAC members to influence early career researchers. In our novel training collaboration, TL1 trainees presented their research projects to C-RAC members who provided feedback. We present on initial evidence of student learning and summarize lessons learned that TL1 programs and C-RACs can incorporate into future collaborations.
Radiation dose to the heart with hypofractionation in patients with left breast cancer
Authors: Yadav Budhi Singh , Das Deepak Kumar , Kumar Narendra , Singhal Manphool , Robert Ngangom
Published: July 2021

Introduction

In this study we compared radiation dose received by organs at risk (OARs) after breast conservation surgery(BCS) and mastectomy in patients with left breast cancer.

Materials and methods

Total 30 patients, 15 each of BCS and mastectomy were included in this study. Planning Computerised Tomography (CT) was done for each patient. Chest wall, whole breast, heart, lungs, LAD, proximal and distal LAD, and contra lateral breast was contoured for each patient. Radiotherapy plans were made by standard tangent field. Dose prescribed was 40Gy/16#/3 weeks. Mean heart dose, LAD, proximal and distal LAD, mean and V5 of right lung, and mean, V5, V10 and V20 of left lung, mean dose and V2 of contra lateral breast were calculated for each patient and compared between BCS and mastectomy patients using student’s T test.

Results

Mean doses to the heart, LAD, proximal LAD and distal LAD were 3.364Gy, 16.06Gy, 2.7Gy, 27.5Gy; and 4.219Gy, 14.653Gy, 4.306Gy, 24.6Gy, respectively for mastectomy and BCS patients. Left lung mean dose, V5, V10 and V20 were 5.96Gy, 16%, 14%, 12.4%; and 7.69Gy, 21%, 18% and 16% in mastectomy and BCS patients, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference in the doses to the heart and left lung between mastectomy and BCS. Mean dose to the right lung was significantly less in mastectomy as compared to BCS, 0.29Gy vs. 0.51Gy, respectively (p = 0.007). Mean dose to the opposite breast was significantly lower in patients with mastectomy than BCS (0.54Gy Vs 0.37Gy, p = 0.007). The dose to the distal LAD was significantly higher than proximal LAD both in BCS (24.6Gy Vs 4.3Gy, p = <0.0001) and mastectomy (27.5Gy Vs 2.7Gy, p = <0.0001) patients.

Conclusion

There was no difference in doses received by heart and left lung between BCS and mastectomy patients. Mean doses to the right lung and breast were significantly less in mastectomy patients.
Dietary raffinose ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation induced by cholic acid via modulation of enterohepatic bile acid circulation in rats
Authors: Maegawa Kenta , Koyama Haruka , Fukiya Satoru , Yokota Atsushi , Ueda Koichiro , Ishizuka Satoshi
Published: July 2021

Enterohepatic circulation of 12α-hydroxylated (12αOH) bile acid (BA) is enhanced depending on the energy intake in high-fat diet-fed rats. Such BA metabolism can be reproduced using a diet supplemented with cholic acid (CA), which also induces simple steatosis, without inflammation and fibrosis, accompanied by some other symptoms that are frequently observed in the condition of non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. We investigated whether supplementation of the diet with raffinose (Raf) improves hepatic lipid accumulation induced by the CA-fed condition in rats. After acclimation to the AIN-93-based control diet, male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with a combination of Raf (30 g/kg diet) and/or CA (0·5 g/kg diet) for 4 weeks. Dietary Raf normalised hepatic TAG levels (two-way ANOVA P < 0·001 for CA, P = 0·02 for Raf and P = 0·004 for interaction) in the CA-supplemented diet-fed rats. Dietary Raf supplementation reduced hepatic 12αOH BA concentration (two-way ANOVA P < 0·001 for CA, P = 0·003 for Raf and P = 0·03 for interaction). The concentration of 12αOH BA was reduced in the aortic and portal plasma. Raf supplementation increased acetic acid concentration in the caecal contents (two-way ANOVA P = 0·001 as a main effect). Multiple regression analysis revealed that concentrations of aortic 12αOH BA and caecal acetic acid could serve as predictors of hepatic TAG concentration (R2 = 0·55, P < 0·001). However, Raf did not decrease the secondary 12αOH BA concentration in the caecal contents as well as the transaminase activity in the CA diet-fed rats. These results imply that dietary Raf normalises hepatic lipid accumulation via suppression of enterohepatic 12αOH BA circulation.
Association between alcohol dietary pattern and prevalence of dyslipidaemia: WASEDA’S Health Study
Authors: Tanisawa Kumpei , Ito Tomoko , Kawakami Ryoko , Usui Chiyoko , Kawamura Takuji , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Sakamoto Shizuo , Ishii Kaori , Muraoka Isao , Oka Koichiro , Higuchi Mitsuru
Published: July 2021

The association between a dietary pattern characterised by high alcohol intake and dyslipidaemia has not been fully investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol dietary patterns and the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and its components. This cross-sectional study enrolled 2171 men and women aged ≥40 years who were alumni of a Japanese university. To identify dietary patterns, a principal component analysis was performed based on the energy-adjusted food intake estimated by a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were identified, the second of which was named the alcohol dietary pattern and was characterised by a high intake of alcoholic beverages, liver, chicken and fish. This alcohol dietary pattern was associated with reduced LDL-cholesterol levels. The fully adjusted OR (95 % CI) of high LDL-cholesterol for the lowest through highest quartile of alcohol dietary pattern score were 1·00 (reference), 0·83 (0·64, 1·08), 0·84 (0·64, 1·10) and 0·68 (0·49, 0·94), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the alcohol dietary pattern was inversely associated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in women, whereas it was positively associated with high TAG levels in men. In conclusion, the alcohol dietary pattern, characterised by a high intake of alcoholic beverages, liver, chicken and fish, was associated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and its components. This finding provides useful information for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia by modifying the diet.
Revisiting White Labourism: New Debates on Working-Class Whiteness in Twentieth-Century Southern Africa
Authors: Money Duncan , van Zyl-Hermann Danelle
Published: July 2021

This article is a contribution to and reassessment of the debate about the concept of ‘white labourism’ hosted in this journal in 2010. White labourism is a concept formulated by Jonathan Hyslop to describe an ideology combining an anti-capitalist critique with racial segregation that he argued was dominant in a transnational white working class in the British Empire in the early twentieth century. The debate about this concept has focused on the appeal and extent of this ideology in South Africa during the early twentieth century. In light of recent scholarship on Southern Africa, we take a longer-term perspective to critically examine the concept and the debate. Specifically, we make three interventions into this debate: we consider the role of white workers outside British imperial networks; we examine how radical and revolutionary ideas disappeared from white-working class politics in the mid-twentieth century; and we reassess the connection between transnational flows of people and ideas. Racial divisions in the working class and labour movement in Southern Africa were persistent and enduring. We argue that racial segregation had an enduring appeal to white workers in Southern Africa, and the sources of this appeal were more varied and locally rooted than simply transnational migration to the region.
A Chi-Rho Graffito from Brandon House, Southwark
Authors: Hudak Eniko
Published: July 2021

Excavations at Brandon House, Southwark, uncovered a fragment of Roman pottery with a graffito identified as the Chi-Rho symbol, only the second example to be found in London. This note describes the find itself and its context, presents an overview of similar finds from Roman Britain and offers a glimpse into the significance of the sherd as evidence for Christianity in Roman Britain and its place in the dynamic religious landscape of Roman Southwark.
Maiestas Serena:Roman Court Cameos and Early Imperial Poetry and Panegyric
Authors: Smith R. R. R.
Published: July 2021

This article offers an account of Roman imperial cameos as an archaeological category, and argues that the production of large high-quality cameos was more restricted in time than currently allowed; that the controversial dates and subjects of individual cameos need to be set in the wider sequence of the main examples; and that early imperial praise poetry sits in relationship to court cameos in a way that can be usefully investigated around their shared concern to understand the particular character of imperial divinity. An Appendix gives details of forty-one examples illustrated and discussed.
The gendered experience of social resources in the transition to late-life widowhood
Authors: Isherwood Linda
Published: July 2021

Social resources – close relationships, support exchange and social engagement – can play an important role in successful adjustment to widowhood in later life. However, it is not clear whether access to, and the utilisation of, social resources are different for men and women during late-life widowhood. This study provides a qualitative exploration of the experience of social resources in the lives of older widowed men and women across the transition to widowhood (from pre-widowhood to later widowhood). Using a life course theory lens, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 men and women who had been widowed in later life. The interview data were analysed using the framework approach. Four phases in the transition to widowhood were identified: ‘Illness and caring’, ‘Relocation and separation’, ‘Early bereavement’ and ‘Life goes on’. Widowhood brings great change to the accessibility and utilisation of social resources, and each of these transitional phases was associated with differential usage of these resources. Gender differences were observed in the availability of social resources across the transition to widowhood, with widowed men typically found to have smaller friendship networks, receive less support and be at increased risk of social isolation. Particular attention is required to ensure that all older widowed men and women have access to sufficient social support and contact following bereavement.
SHIFTING SOCIAL RELATIONS DURING THE TERMINAL CLASSIC PERIOD (ca. a.d. 810–950/1000): CERAMICS FROM THE LOWLAND MAYA SITE OF UCANAL
Authors: LeMoine Jean-Baptiste , Halperin Christina T.
Published: July 2021

The end of the Classic period was a tumultuous moment in Maya history, not only because the power of many dominant political centers waned, but because the ways in which elites and non-elites related to each other were increasingly called into question. To understand the nature of changing social relations in the southern Maya lowlands during this time, this study examines the distribution and provenance of decorated ceramics during the Late Classic (ca. a.d. 600–810) and Terminal Classic (ca. a.d. 810–950/1000) periods from the archaeological site of Ucanal, Peten, Guatemala. Comparisons of ceramics from different households across the site reveal that differences in access to decorated and imported ceramics decreased between these periods, suggesting that socioeconomic distinctions leveled out over time. In turn, chemical analysis of ceramics using a portable X-ray fluorescence instrument reveals that the site shifted its political-economic networks, with greater ties to the Petexbatun and Usumacinta regions and continued ties with the Upper Belize Valley.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale of Patients with Cancer
Authors: Erci Behice , Aslan Hakime
Published: July 2021

Objective

This research was conducted to determine the psychometric characteristics of the “Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale of Patients with Cancer” in Turkish patients with cancer.

Methods

This study used psychometric methods to test the adapted tool. The participants of this study were patients with a diagnosis of cancer in the outpatients and inpatients medical oncology and hematology clinics of a university hospital in Turkey. 400 patients determined by power analysis were included in the study. The data were collected in 2018. We used the descriptive form and “Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale of Patients with Cancer.” The obtained data were evaluated using Cronbach'sαreliability coefficient, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and factor analysis.

Results

In the present study, the factor loads of the items were sufficient and explained 39.18% of the total variance. Cronbach'sαvalue of the scale was 0.85.

Significance of results

As a result, it was found that the validity and reliability of the “Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale of Patients with Cancer” were ensured and they could be used in Turkish patients.
Analysis of 3D Kinetic Simulations of Meteor Trails
Authors: Tarnecki Liane , Oppenheim Meers
Published: July 2021

Radars detect plasma trails created by the billions of small meteoroids that enter the Earth's atmosphere daily, returning data used to infer characteristics of the meteoroid population and upper atmosphere. Researchers use models to investigate the dynamic evolution of the trails, enabling them to better interpret radar results. This study presents a fully kinetic, three‐dimensional code to explore the effects of three trail characteristics: length, neutral wind speed, and ablation altitude. The simulations characterize the turbulence that develops as the trail evolves and these are compared to radar data. They also show that neutral winds drive the formation of waves and turbulence in trails, and that wave amplitudes increase with neutral wind speed. The finite trail simulations demonstrate that the bulk motion of the trail flows with the neutral wind. A detailed analysis of simulated trail spectra yield spectral widths and evaluate signal strength as a function of aspect angle. Waves propagate primarily along the length of the trail in all cases, and most power is in modes perpendicular to . Persistent waves develop at wavelengths corresponding to the gradient scale length of the original trail. Our results show that the rate at which power drops with respect to aspect angle in meter‐scale modes increases from 5.7 to 6.9 dB/degree with a 15 km increase in altitude. The results will allow researchers to draw more detailed and accurate information from non‐specular radar observations of meteors.
Combined Optical and Radio‐Frequency Measurements of a Lightning Megaflash by the FORTE Satellite
Authors: Peterson Michael , Light Tracy E. L. , Shao Xuan‐Min
Published: July 2021

The optical and VHF instrumentation on the fast on‐orbit recording of transient events (FORTE) satellite is used to document the combined phenomenology evolution of a lightning “megaflash”—Mesoscale lightning that propagates laterally over exceptional distances. We identify a FORTE flash whose maximum extent was 82 km and inferred length over multiple distinct branches exceeded 100 km. This flash lasted 1.2 s and produced 250 optical and 591 radio frequency events. We find that the channel development mapped by FORTE's pixelated lightning imager (LLS) occurred at a typical speed of 2.6 × 105 m s−1 and was accompanied by sustained periods of VHF emission that could individually exceed 100 ms in duration. The impulsive IC events generated by the flash indicate that this development occurred at altitudes between 3 and 8 km. Four +CG strokes were identified in the VHF waveform data that are responsible for two of the three highly radiant LLS groups (two of the +CGs were not as optically bright as the others). These strokes occurred at different locations throughout the flash footprint with the most distant strokes separated by approximately 50 km. These space‐based observations match previous observations of megaflashes as well as ground‐based measurements of negative leader development during “spider” lightning, suggesting that FORTE is sensing the same phenomena.
Evaluating the Impact of Planetary Boundary Layer, Land Surface Model, and Microphysics Parameterization Schemes on Cold Cloud Objects in Simulated GOES‐16 Brightness Temperatures
Authors: Griffin Sarah M. , Otkin Jason A. , Nebuda Sharon E. , Jensen Tara L. , Skinner Patrick S. , Gilleland Eric , Supinie Timothy A. , Xue Ming
Published: July 2021

Infrared brightness temperatures (BTs) from the Geostationary Observing Environmental Satellite‐16 Advanced Baseline Imager are used to examine the ability of several microphysics and planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes, as well as land surface models (LSM) and surface layers, to simulate upper‐level clouds. Six parameterization configurations were evaluated. Cloud objects are identified using the Method for Object‐Based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE) and analyzed using the object‐based threat score, mean‐error distance, and pixel‐based metrics including the mean absolute error and mean bias error (MBE) for matched objects where the displacement between objects has been removed. Objects are identified using either a fixed BT threshold of 235 K or the 6.5th percentile of BTs for each model configuration. Analysis of the MODE‐identified cloud objects shows that, compared to a configuration with the Thompson microphysics scheme, Mellor‐Yamanda‐Nakanishi‐Niino (MYNN) PBL, Global Forecasting System (GFS) surface layer, and Noah LSM, the configuration employing the National Severe Storms Laboratory microphysics produced more cloud objects with higher BTs. Changing the PBL from MYNN to Shin‐Hong or Eddy‐Diffusivity Mass‐Flux also resulted in a slightly lower accuracy, though these changes result in configurations which more accurately reproduced the number of observation cloud objects and slightly reduced the high MBE. Changing the LSM from Noah to RUC reduces forecast accuracy by producing too many cloud objects with too low BTs. As the forecast hour increases, this accuracy reduction increases at a greater rate than occurred when changing the microphysics or PBL scheme and is further enhanced when using the MYNN surface layer rather than the GFS.
Tectonic Growth of the Late Paleozoic‐Middle Mesozoic Northwestern Margin of Laurentia and Implications for the Farewell Terrane: Stratigraphic, Structural, and Provenance Records From the Central Alaska Range
Authors: Keough B. M. , Ridgway K. D.
Published: July 2021

Analysis of upper Paleozoic‐Jurassic strata in the central Alaska Range provides new insights into the following: the configuration of Late Triassic‐Jurassic depocenters along the northwestern Laurentian margin, the late Paleozoic paleogeographic position of the Farewell terrane, and the timing of accretion of the Farewell terrane to the Laurentian margin. Results from geologic mapping, stratigraphic analysis, and U‐Pb detrital zircon geochronology document two juxtaposed Paleozoic‐Jurassic stratigraphic assemblages. The Southern package consists of Permian‐Middle Triassic submarine fan strata and Upper Triassic pillow basalts that can be correlated with the Farewell terrane of the western Alaska Range. This package yields Ordovician‐Silurian and Late Pennsylvanian‐Early Permian detrital zircons linked to the Alexander and Wrangellia terranes. This detrital connection suggests that the Farewell terrane most likely collided with the Insular terranes in the paleo‐Pacific basin during the late Paleozoic. The Northern package, in contrast, consists of Upper Triassic‐Jurassic submarine fan strata deposited along the northwestern margin of Laurentia. An abundance of Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic detrital zircons suggests recycling of Caledonian and Baltican zircons from the Ellesmerian clastic wedge of northwestern Canada. An influx of Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic detrital zircons in Upper Jurassic strata of the Northern package records the development of Mesozoic arc magmatism along the continental margin. Our findings document deformation consistent with latest Jurassic‐earliest Cretaceous accretion of the Farewell terrane to the Laurentian margin. Our results also suggest that the Farewell terrane may underlie much of the central Alaska Range, and played an important role in the construction of the northern Cordillera.
CRIP1 cooperates with BRCA2 to drive the nuclear enrichment of RAD51 and to facilitate homologous repair upon DNA damage induced by chemotherapy
Authors: Sun Huiying , Zhou Rui , Zheng Yannan , Wen Zhaowei , Zhang Dingling , Zeng Dongqiang , Wu Jianhua , Huang Zhenhua , Rong Xiaoxiang , Huang Na , Sun Li , Bin Jianping , Liao Yulin , Shi Min , Liao Wangjun
Published: July 2021

Homologous recombination (HR) repair is an important determinant of chemosensitivity. However, the mechanisms underlying HR regulation remain largely unknown. Cysteine-rich intestinal protein 1 (CRIP1) is a member of the LIM/double-zinc finger protein family and is overexpressed and associated with prognosis in several tumor types. However, to date, the functional role of CRIP1 in cancer biology is poorly understood. Here we found that CRIP1 downregulation causes HR repair deficiency with concomitant increase in cell sensitivity to cisplatin, epirubicin, and the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib in gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, upon DNA damage, CRIP1 is deubiquitinated and upregulated by activated AKT signaling. CRIP1, in turn, promotes nuclear enrichment of RAD51, which is a prerequisite step for HR commencement, by stabilizing BRCA2 to counteract FBXO5-targeted RAD51 degradation and by binding to the core domain of RAD51 (RAD51184–257) in coordination with BRCA2, to facilitate nuclear export signal masking interactions between BRCA2 and RAD51. Moreover, through mass spectrometry screening, we found that KPNA4 is at least one of the carriers controlling the nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of the CRIP1–BRCA2–RAD51 complex in response to chemotherapy. Consistent with these findings, RAD51 inhibitors block the CRIP1-mediated HR process, thereby restoring chemotherapy sensitivity of gastric cancer cells with high CRIP1 expression. Analysis of patient specimens revealed an abnormally high level of CRIP1 expression in GC tissues compared to that in the adjacent normal mucosa and a significant negative association between CRIP1 expression and survival time in patient cohorts with different types of solid tumors undergoing genotoxic treatments. In conclusion, our study suggests an essential function of CRIP1 in promoting HR repair and facilitating gastric cancer cell adaptation to genotoxic therapy.