bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acupuncture versus Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke Recovery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Lixia , Zhu Weifeng , Lin Guohua , Chen Chuyun , Tang Donghui , Lin Shiyu , Weng Xiaorong , Xie Liqin , LU Lihong , Li Weilin
Published: February 2019

Background: Acupuncture is a treatment for ischemic stroke recovery, but evidence of its effectiveness remains limited.
Methods: A total of 497 patients with ischemic stroke were randomized into Arm 1 (159 cases), Arm 2 (173 cases) and a control group (165 cases). In the control group, rehabilitation training was provided. In Arm 1 and Arm 2, acupoint schemes were determined by the consensus of acupuncture experts and previous clinical research. Arm 1 was based on an acupoint summary of ancient literature, and Arm 2 was based on the summary of effective acupuncture points in modern RCT literature. The treatment was given with conventional acupuncture at the appropriate position. After acupuncture, the needles were left in for 30 minutes, and checked every 10 minutes. The three groups received treatment once a day, 5 times a week, for 2 weeks. The primary outcome were the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), and the secondary outcomes were the Barthel index (BI) and modified Ashworth scale (MAS). Outcomes were observed in patients both before and after treatment.
Results: After 2 weeks of treatment, there was no significant difference between Arm 1 and the control group for either the BI scores or the modified Ashworth scale scores (P>0.05). However, the NIHSS scores of Arm 1 were lower than those of the control group (P=0.017); the BI scores were higher in Arm 2 than they were in the control group (P=0.020).
Conclusion: The clinical efficacy of Arm 1 and Arm 2 (acupuncture groups) was superior to that of the control group.
Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-IOR-16008627, Registered 11 June 2016, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.
Keywords: Acupuncture; ischemic stroke; randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Cytokine profiling reveals increased serum inflammatory cytokines in idiopathic choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Guo Shenchao , Yin Houfa , Zheng Mingjie , Tang Yizhen , Lu Bing , Chen Xinyi , Fu Qiuli , Qin Zhenwei , Lyu Danni , Tang Qiaomei , Zhang Lifang , Ma Jian , Zhang Li , Fang Xiaoyun
Published: February 2019

Background

To investigate serum cytokine profiles in patients with idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (ICNV) and explore the relationship between serum cytokine levels and ICNV severity.

Methods

This case-control study was conducted in 32 ICNV patients and 30 healthy volunteers. Clinical and demographic information was obtained from the medical data platform and the serum was analysed with a multiplex assay to determine the levels of seven cytokines: interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17, basic fibroblast growth factor (basic FGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Results

Serum levels of IL-2, IL-10, IL-17, basic FGF, and VEGF were elevated in ICNV patients compared to controls. Serum GM-CSF levels were positively related to central retinal thickness, and serum IL-17 levels were positively related to CNV lesion area.

Conclusion

Serum inflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated in ICNV patients compared to controls. This suggests that systemic inflammation may play a critical role in the physiopathology of ICNV.
Retraining automatic action tendencies for smoking using mobile phone-based approach-avoidance bias training: Study protocol for a randomized controlled study
Authors: Machulska Alla , Eiler Tanja Joan , Grünewald Armin , Brück Rainer , Jahn Katharina , Niehaves Björn , Gethmann Carl Friedrich , Klucken Tim
Published: February 2019

Background: Automatic tendencies to approach drug-related cues have been linked to the development and maintainance of harmful drug taking behavior. Recent studies have demonstrated that these automatic approach tendencies can be targeted directly by means of Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) approaches. Moreover, changing those approach tendencies may enhance treatment outcomes. However, training and therapy effects tend to be rather small and adherence to the training might be impaired by time-consuming multiple lab-training sessions. Here, we present a protocol for a randomized waitlist-control design to improve CBM training efficiency and facilitate access to the training by providing mobile phone-based training sessions at home to current smokers motivated to quit smoking.
Methods/Design: Participants (n = 100) are current smokers who smoke at least 6 cigarettes per day for at least 6 months and are willing to quit smoking. All participants attend a brief smoking cessation intervention (TAU) and are randomly assigned either to a training or a waitlist-control group. Participants in the training condition are given access to a training app aimed at retraining automatic approach biases for smoking cues. Participants are instructed to perform the app-training outside the laboratory context on a daily basis for 14 consecutive days. Approach, attentional and association biases, biochemical outcomes, and self-reported smoking behavior will be measured at baseline, directly after training, and at a 4-week follow-up. After completition of the study, smokers in the waitlist-control condition will receive access to the training app.
Discussion: This RCT is the first to test the effectiveness of an app-based CBM intervention as an adjunct to a brief smoking cessation intervention in smokers motivated to quit smoking. The results of this study can inform future research in the optimisation and advancement of CBM treatment for addiction.
Trial Registration: Registered with Current Controlled Trials: study ID ISRCTN15690771. Registered on 20 November 2018; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15690771
Factors Associated with Axial Length Elongation in High Myopia
Authors: Kim Hong Kyu , Rim Tyler Hyungtaek , Yang Jong Yun , Kim Soo Han , Kim Sung Soo
Published: February 2019

Background: To investigate the impact of axial length (AL) and ocular factors on axial length elongation (ALE).
Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent more than two axial length examinations using a single instrument
Results: The mean age of the participants was 47.21 ± 7.79 years. Eyes were classified into four groups according to their initial AL measurement. AL remained almost unchanged in the groups with AL < 26mm. On the contrary, AL increased by 0.011mm/year in the group with 26 ≤ AL < 28mm and 0.035mm/year in the group with AL ≥ 28mm (P < .001). In high myopia, ALE increased in eyes with longer axial lengths (r = 0.003, P = .024), females (r = 0.014, P = .019), eyes with larger peripapillary chorioretinal atrophic areas (r = 0.002, P = .019), and smaller vascular arcade angles (r = -0.004, P = .006). The risk of elongation 0.03mm/year in high myopia was increased in females (OR = 2.265, P = .040), and gradually increased in eyes with large peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy area (OR = 5.604, 6.939, and 7.470, respectively; P = .001, < .001, and .008, respectively)
Conclusions: AL remained almost unchanged in the group with AL < 26mm. On the contrary, ALE was observed in the group with AL ≥ 26mm. AL elongated significantly in eyes with longer AL, female, and eyes with larger atrophic areas and smaller arcade angles on fundus photographs.
Factors Affecting Hay Prices at Auction: A Hedonic Analysis
Authors: Peake Madeline D. , Burdine Kenneth H. , Mark Tyler B. , Goff Ben M.
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Marketing hay in small square bales was found to add significant economic value to the forage.

TDN and RFV were both significant drivers of economic hay value.

Quality measures had more price impact on small square bales than large round bales.

An inverse relationship was found between square bale weight and sale price per metric ton.

Despite hay’s significance as a driver of the agricultural economy and its role as a major input into the livestock sector, it has generally received less attention in marketing literature than many other commodities. This work examined sale results from a hay auction in Central Kentucky where information on hay weights and quality were made available to prospective buyers prior to sale. Utilizing this data, a hedonic analysis was employed to examine specific factors that impacted sale prices for individual lots of hay. This work built on existing literature by evaluating the price impact of large round bales compared to small square bales, hay quality measures of Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) and Relative Feed Value (RFV), lot size, and bale weight. Hay sold in small square bales was found to net a significantly higher price than hay sold as large round bales, even when holding other factors constant. This work also confirmed the importance of hay quality measures as a price driver, even in a market environment without significant dairy influence. Finally, quantitative evidence was found to support a negative relationship between price and small square bale weight, such that price and revenue would likely decrease as small square bales become larger. This work has implications for producers and sellers of hay as they consider marketing strategies and hay buyers as they attempt to understand what drives prices of hay in their region.
Persistence of Fecal Contamination Indicators and Pathogens in Class B Biosolids Applied to Sugarcane Fields
Authors: Oliveira Fernando C. , de Faria Marianne F. , Bertoncini Edna I. , Sato Maria Inês Z. , Hachich Elayse M. , Guerrini Iraê A. , Passos José Raimundo S. , James Jason N. , Harrison Robert B. , Feitoza Thomas G. , Chiaradia Jonas J. , Abreu‐Junior Cassio H. , Firme de Moraes Lucia P.
Published: February 2019

Agricultural recycling of human Class B biosolids in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) crop is a promising alternative to reduce the costs of biosolids disposal. However, the presence of fecal contamination indicators such as thermotolerant coliforms and pathogenic organisms such as enterovirus and Ascaris spp. in biosolids impose barriers to effective and widespread use of biosolids as fertilizer. In addition, there is a scarcity of studies that investigate the persistence of these organisms in tropical soils. This study aimed to evaluate the persistence of pathogenic and fecal indicators for 258 d in a tropical clayey soil amended with human Class B biosolids and cultivated with sugarcane. Treatments were immediate incorporation of biosolids into soil after application (T1) or superficial application of biosolids followed by incorporation after 35 d (T2), emulating the typical procedure in sugarcane fields. Thermotolerant coliforms were estimated to persist for 437 d in T1 and 398 d in T2. For enterovirus, mean estimated persistence time in soil was 26 d for T1, but the sampling frequency was insufficient in T2 for persistence analysis. After 35 d, no enterovirus was detected in any sample. Mean estimated persistence time for viable Ascaris spp. eggs in soil was 22 d in T1 and 41 d in T2.

Core Ideas

Thermotolerant coliforms can persist longer in soils than Ascaris spp. eggs.

Enteroviruses are short lived in biosolids‐amended soil due to high sensitivity.

Viable Ascaris spp. eggs exhibit less viability in tropical climate soils than in temperate soils.
Light sterile neutrinos: a critical overview
Authors: Esteban Ivan
Published: February 2019

Light sterile neutrinos, first proposed after the results of the LSND
experiment, have been a polemical topic for the last decades after
seemingly contradictory data appeared from different experiments. In
this overview, I review the experimental hints that point towards
sterile neutrinos as well as their statistical compatibility. Even
though the muon neutrino disappearance experiments strongly rule out
vanilla sterile neutrinos, each oscillation channel remains internally
mostly consistent. In any case, in the near future a series of
independent and precise experiments should finally settle down this
issue.
Recent results from the long-baseline (LBL) neutrino oscillation experiments
Authors: Fernández Pablo
Published: February 2019

The results from the current long-baseline neutrino oscillation
experiments are reviewed. These experiments are designed to measure the
remaining unknown neutrino oscillation parameters via the oscillation of
accelerator neutrinos over long distances.

The performance of
these experiments and their results are described and discussed, giving
a precise picture of the current status of the measurements for the
neutrino mass ordering, the value of \Delta m^2_{32}Δm322,
the \theta_{23}θ23
and the lepton CP-violating phase, \delta_{CP}δCP.
Tau neutrinos in IceCube, KM3NeT and the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: van Eijk Daan
Published: February 2019

In 2018, the IceCube collaboration reported evidence for the
identification of a blazar as an astrophysical neutrino source. That
evidence is briefly summarised here before focusing on the prospects of
tau neutrino physics in IceCube, both at high energies (astrophysical
neutrinos) and at lower energies (atmospheric neutrino oscillations). In
addition, future neutrino detectors such as KM3NeT and the IceCube
Upgrade and their tau neutrino physics potential are discussed. Finally,
the detection mechanism for high-energy (tau) neutrinos in the Pierre
Auger Observatory and the resulting flux upper limits are presented.
Searching for muon to electron conversion: The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab
Authors: Bonventre Richard
Published: February 2019

The Mu2e experiment will measure the charged-lepton flavor violating
(CLFV) neutrino-less conversion of a negative muon into an electron in
the field of a nucleus. Mu2e will improve the previous measurement by
four orders of magnitude, reaching a 90% C.L. limit of
8\times10^{-17}8×10−17
on the conversion rate. The experiment will reach mass scales of nearly
10^4104
TeV, far beyond the direct reach of colliders. The experiment is
sensitive to a wide range of new physics, complementing and extending
other CLFV searches. Mu2e is under design and construction at the Muon
Campus of Fermilab; we expect to start taking physics data in 2022 with
3 years of running to achieve our target sensitivity.
O TURISMO COMO TEMA DE PESQUISA NO ÂMBITO DA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO STRICTO SENSU EM GEOGRAFIA NO BRASIL
Authors: Maranhão Christiano Henrique da Silva
Published: February 2019

O artigo busca mapear os estudos (teses e dissertações) que optam pelo turismo como tema de pesquisa, no âmbito dos programas brasileiros de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Geografia, e analisar a relevância da temática do turismo para a laboração desses estudos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratório-analítica de viés qualitativo. Identificaram-se 814 estudos que optam pelo turismo enquanto temática de pesquisa, dos quais 641 são dissertações e 173 são teses. Destes, 491 estudos examinam o turismo como temática central e 323 estudos analisam o turismo de forma complementar ao escopo pesquisado. Conclui-se que o turismo, enquanto temática para teses e dissertações dos programas brasileiros de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Geografia é relevante, e que a Geografia continua destacando-se como uma das ciências que mais fomenta estudos a partir da relação sinérgica com o turismo.
ELEMENTOS PRÉ-TEXTUAIS
Authors: (es) Editor
Published: February 2019

Elementos pré-textuais

Sociedade e Território – Natal. Vol. 30, N. 2. Jul./Dez. de 2018
Intelligent Computing Based Formulas to Predict the Settlement of Shallow Foundations on Cohesionless Soils
Authors: Tarawneh Bashar , Bodour Wassel AL , Al Ajmi Khaled
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Although it is a regular duty of geotechnical engineers to evaluate how much shallow foundation settles in the granular soil, there is no well-approved formula for this task. The intent of this research is to develop a formula that is adequately simple to be used in routine geotechnical engineering work but complete enough to address the behavior of granular soil associated with the settlement issue.

Methods:

Cone penetration test and foundation load test data were used to generate a formula that can predict the settlement. Genetic Programming (GP) based Symbolic Regression (GP-SR) and artificial neural networks were used to develop an optimized formula. Settlements were also calculated using the finite method and compared to the results of the developed formula.

Results and Conclusion:

Two formulas were developed using SR, and several models were developed using ANN. ANN model 1 has the highest R2value (0.93) and the lowest MSE (0.16) among all developed ANN and GP-SR models. FEM settlements were almost double the measured ones in some instances.
Влияние содержания меди на кинетику микроволновой фотопроводимости твердых растворов CIGS
Authors: Новиков Г.Ф. , Рабенок Е.В. , Оришина П.С. , Гапанович М.В. , Один И.Н.
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe kinetics of the photoresponse of microwave photoconductivity (9 GHz, TE_101-type cavity) on excitation by laser light pulses with a wavelength of 337 nm and a duration of 8 ns in copper-deficient Cu_1 –_ x (In_0.7Ga_0.3)Se_2 (CIGS) (0 < x ≤ 0.4) solid solutions with the chalcopyrite structure is investigated in a wide light intensity range. With an increase in the laser radiation density to ~5 × 10^14 photon/cm^2 per pulse, the photoresponse acquires, along with the previously revealed skin effect, the effect of the filling of traps created by V _Cu vacancies and Cu^+2 · V _Cu defect associates, the concentration of which increases with a decrease in x in the CIGS formula.
Исследование радиационной стойкости фотодиодов на структурах кремний-на-сапфире
Authors: Кабальнов Ю.А. , Труфанов А.Н. , Оболенский С.В.
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe electrical properties of photodiodes based on silicon-on-sapphire structures are investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that they are no worse than silicon diodes in terms of their basic parameters, while their radiation hardness is higher by an order of magnitude than that of similar diodes based on bulk silicon.
Вихреподобные образования на дефектах магнитоодноосных пленок
Authors: Вахитов Р.М. , Ахметова А.А. , Солонецкий Р.В.
Published: February 2019

AbstractMagnetic inhomogeneities formed at columnar defects of potential-well type in uniaxial films are theoretically studied. It is shown that under some conditions, vortex-like structures occur at such defects; they have a magnetization distribution with three segments of magnetic moments’ rotation. It follows from the analysis of the structure and properties of the vortex-like inhomogeneities, depending on the material parameters, that they are determined mainly by the defect sizes and the depth of the potential well. The experimental data concerning their existence are provided.
Об адиабатическом нагружении анизотропных материалов
Authors: Гиляров В.Л.
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe thermodynamic description of the thermoelastic effect in anisotropic materials is given. Simple examples of using this apparatus are presented.
Локализация возбуждений в слоистой структуре с границами раздела, характеризующимися нелинейным откликом
Authors: Савотченко С.Е.
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe features of localization of excitations in a three-layer structure in which linear media are separated by boundaries with their own nonlinear response have been examined. It is shown that in the three-layer structure under consideration, localized states of two types can exist that differ in the distribution of the field in the inner layer, as well as in the frequency range of existence. Dispersion relations have been obtained that determine the energy dependence on system parameters in each case. The damping factors of surface waves are obtained in an explicit form. The conditions of the field localization are specified, depending on the characteristics of the layers and their interfaces. The energies of localized states have been found that do not exist in a symmetric structure without a wave interacting with the interfaces of the layers. Moreover, the presence of a nonlinear response of the boundaries is mandatory. It is shown that the interaction of a wave with the interfaces of the layers can lead to the absence of a localized state in a one-dimensional symmetric potential well with infinitely high walls and a nonlinear response. The influence of the media parameters and their interfaces on the flux carried by surface waves has been analyzed.
Кремний с магнитными нанокластерами атомов марганца --- новый класс фотомагнитных материалов
Authors: Бахадырханов М.К. , Илиев Х.М. , Мавлонов Г.Х. , Аюпов К.С. , Исамов С.Б. , Тачилин С.А.
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhotosensitivity of the negative magnetoresistance (NMR) of silicon containing magnetic nanoclusters of manganese atoms is revealed under background and IR (up to λ = 3 μm) irradiation at room temperature. It is shown that irradiation leads to a significant decrease in the NMR (NMR suppression) and sign inversion of the NMR at higher radiation intensities. Regularities of variations in the NMR and conditions for sign inversion are determined.
Тороидальный резонатор с электростатической фокусировкой
Authors: Дауменов Т.Д. , Хизирова М.А.
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe possibility of using an einzel lens built-in the region of concentration of electrostatic field in the cavity for modulation of the electron beam velocity is considered. It is shown that the application of the einzel lens as a velocity modulator does not affect the constant of interaction of the electron beam with the lens field.
Повышение степени циркулярной поляризации спиновых светоизлучающих диодов путем обработки в парах селена
Authors: Дорохин М.В. , Дёмина П.Б. , Буданов А.В. , Власов Ю.Н. , Котов Г.И. , Здоровейщев А.В. , Трушин В.Н. , Звонков Б.Н.
Published: February 2019

AbstractSpin light-emitting diodes based on InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with a CoPt ferromagnetic injector were fabricated. It was demonstrated that the processing of these structures in selenium vapor prior to the deposition of a CoPt contact provides an opportunity to enhance the circular polarization degree of diode emission. The observed increase in the polarization degree is attributed to the suppression of spin relaxation at the metal/semiconductor interface due to surface passivation and a reduction in the density of surface electron states as a result of processing in selenium vapor.
Исследование изменения микротвердости поверхности циркония после лазерной модифицирующей обработки
Authors: Проскуряков В.И. , Родионов И.В. , Кошуро В.А.
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe results of an investigation of the process of laser-induced hardening of zirconium (E110 alloy) are reported. It has been established that the laser treatment in air results in the formation of a uniformly distributed microrelief characterized by the presence of microparticles with various configurations. Overlap of the laser beam trajectories leads to the formation of a layered structure. The composition of laser-modified surface depends on the regime of processing and mostly comprises a mixture of zirconium oxides and nitrides. In addition, the formation of diffuse transition zones between the bulk metal and modified surface layer is established. The dependence of the thickness of the hardened layer on the regime of pulsed laser action is determined.
Анализ поведения индивидуальных эмиссионных центров на поверхности многоострийного полевого катода
Authors: Колосько А.Г. , Попов Е.О. , Филиппов С.В.
Published: February 2019

AbstractA method of analysis of the surface of multi-tip field cathodes using data obtained with the aid of a computer-controlled field emission projector and a system of fast high-voltage scanning is described. An investigation of a polymer/carbon nanotube composite field electron emitter by this method was used to determine the distribution of individual emission sites over the surface of a multi-tip field cathode and to estimate variation of the work function of separate emission sites depending on the applied voltage. The contributions of separate groups of emission sites to a change of the shape of current–voltage characteristic of a multi-tip cathode have been numerically estimated.
HOSTEL İŞLETMECİLİĞİNDE REKABET BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: İŞLETMECİ VE TURİST GÖRÜŞLERİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: GAHRAMANOV Vugar , TÜRKAY Oğuz
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Dünya genelinde en hızlı büyüyen ve önemli miktarda kişi ve para
hareketine yol açan gençlik turizminin en belirgin konaklama seçeneği olarak
hostellerin rekabetçiliği, turizmin gelişimi açısından kritik öneme sahiptir.
Bu çalışmada, hostel işletmeciliğinde rekabetçiliğin analizi amaçlanmaktadır.Yöntem: Hostel işletmecileri ile yapılan mülakat ve hostel
tüketicileri ile yapılan anket çalışmalarıyla elde edilen nitel ve nicel veri
analiz edilmektedir.Bulgular: Alanda internet erişimi, fiyat, hijyen, banyo olanakları
ve lokasyonun önemli olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. İstanbul’da yerleşik hosteller
açısından bir durağan rekabet ortamı algılamasına karşın dünya genelinde hostel
işletmeciliği alanında zincir işletmelerin büyüme gösterdikleri ve bu alanda
kalite artışına bağlı olarak diğer konaklama alternatifleriyle rekabete
hazırlanıldığı anlaşılmaktadır.  

Sonuç: Hostellerde rekabet, fiyatın en temel çekicilik olduğu
yalın bir görünüm arz etmektedir. Ancak, işletme sayılarının özellikle de
büyük/zincir işletmelerin kapasite artırmalarının beklenmesi gerektiği tespit
edilmektedir. Hem zincir işletmelerin yayılması hem de airbnb ve couchsurfing
gibi alternatiflerin ciddi rekabet ortamı hazırlaması beklenebilir. Türkiye’de
ise öncelikle hostel özelliklerinin ve kalitesinin artırılması gerektiği
anlaşılmaktadır.
Peran Kaum Muda Kotagede: Konservasi dan Regenerasi Kelangsungan Usaha Kreatif Perak
Authors: Nidianita Elizabeth Widya , Sari Dewi Puspita
Published: February 2019

Creative endevour of silver in Jagalan Village started since the 16th century and 17th and reached the heyday in 1910 and 1970-1980. But after Monetary Crisis (1998), Bali Bombing (2002) and Earthquake (2006) the number of silversmiths were declining continously, making artisans reluctant to share their skills possessed to future generations. This condition brought up response and strategies of youth in applying the concept of 3T (talent, technology and tolerance) toward the sustainability of creative business of Kotagede silver handicraft in Jagalan Village. This research uses qualitative research method and descriptive analysis. Research findings in this research is youth as the actor to potential and capacity as agent of change, starting from motivation, the process, space to the implementation of through movement conservation and efforts to regenerate silversmiths mapping and quarrying of tourism village’s, make video tourism promotion and marketing couple ring to Hongkong, then hold workshop design for makers, Jagalan Festival and a healthy walking. Secondly, movement conservation as an effort to regeneration in which implemented through the application of 3T concept collaboratively. Talents is pertaining to family background, social environment and youngster’s education; tolerance is openness in interaction toward various parties and technology facility for marketing and publication. Variety of initiatives and the ideas are implemented into 6 ( six ), education by providing the space for discussion, marketing for traditional foods and of silver craft products , publication in order to provide a chance silversmiths in accessing the market, innovation make craftsman having the bargaining power as artisan (expert), maintenance and movement to be preservation of cultural heritage ancestors. One of the output of these efforts is Jagalan Tlisih Kampung.
Los programas de mano. Fuente documental de gran significación para el estudio de la formación dancística mexicana
Authors: Ramos-Villalobos Roxana-Guadalupe
Published: February 2019

En este trabajo se da a conocer, a grandes rasgos, el proceso histórico del programa de mano asociado a la danza, cómo surge y para qué ha sido utilizado. Con base en el estudio de cinco programas elaborados entre 1930 y 1945 por la primera escuela pública de danza; se señala la información que contienen, similitudes y diferencias, y se realiza una comparación entre los usos que el público hace de ellos y su importancia como fuente de documentación para el estudio de las artes escénicas en general y, en particular, para la historia de la danza y de la educación dancística. Finalmente, se indican algunas de las líneas de investigación que es posible abordar por medio de su consulta y se enfatiza en la necesidad de su preservación, resguardo y sistematización.
¿Es la universidad pública española socialmente responsable?
Authors: Madorrán-García Cristina
Published: February 2019

Hoy en día las universidades no pueden quedarse al margen de incorporar principios de responsabilidad social en sus actuaciones. En la parte teórica del trabajo se hace un recorrido por los antecedentes de la responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU) hasta llegar a su situación actual. En la parte empírica se analiza si las universidades públicas españolas desarrollan este tipo de iniciativas y cómo las llevan a cabo. El número de universidades analizadas asciende a 48 y la información se obtiene por medio de un análisis exhaustivo de las páginas web de las instituciones. Como aproximación a los resultados obtenidos puede afirmarse que la universidad pública española está encaminando sus pasos a integrar los principios de RSU que están presentes en la mayoría de los casos en sus objetivos y planes estratégicos.
Desigualdad educativa, jerarquías de poder y violencia simbólica en la formación de investigadores de la educación
Authors: Torres Frías José de la Cruz
Published: February 2019

Este artículo se deriva de un estudio de casos con enfoque cualitativo que aborda como objeto de estudio el papel que juegan las prácticas de tutoría en la formación de habitus científicos en estudiantes en un programa de doctorado en educación en México. El sustento teórico incorpora la teoría de los campos de producción simbólica de Pierre Bourdieu en articulación con los planteamientos de algunos teóricos de la formación y de la formación para la investigación. El argumento que aquí se despliega es producto de una lectura transversal entre casos sobre lo que ocurre en la vida íntima de la relación de tutoría y los coloquios de investigación, donde se hace evidente la presencia de algunas manifestaciones de desigualdad educativa, jerarquías de poder y violencia simbólica en el nivel de estudio de doctorado.
Pablo Latapí y la profesionalización de la investigación educativa en México
Authors: Paniagua Roldán Emma
Published: February 2019

En estas líneas se esboza brevemente la trayectoria académica de Pablo Latapí Sarre, pionero de la investigación educativa en México, y se invita a los investigadores en educación iberoamericanos a participar en el “Premio Pablo Latapí Sarre sobre Investigación Educativa”, convocado por el Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Universidad y la Educación (IISUE), de la UNAM.
Impacto de las aguas superficiales en el aumento del nivel de las aguas del Lago Enriquillo
Authors: Miniño Mejía Virgilio Antonio , León Yolanda , Quintana Cándido
Published: February 2019

A partir del 2014 el lago Enriquillo, localizado en el suroeste de la República Dominicana, empezó a evidenciar un continuo crecimiento en el nivel de sus aguas llegando, de 265 km2 hasta alrededor de 375 km2. Esto duró hasta el 2013 cuando se empezó a observar un decrecimiento paulatino hasta el momento. Durante todo este tiempo se han venido llevando a cabo investigaciones para determinar la causa, o causas, que dieron lugar a este fenómeno. Aunque se han planteado varias hipótesis sobre dicha crecida aún no existe un consenso generalizado sobre la crecida del lago. Lo que se plantea en este trabajo de investigación es que, exceptuando el aporte de aguas superficiales a través de eventos extremos, la mayor cantidad de agua que drena en el lago Enriquillo es a través del subsuelo, ya que la mayoría de los ríos y canales alrededor del lago han estado secos durante los últimos dos años. Gran parte del agua que fluye desde las sierras de Neyba y Bahoruco, desde el Norte y Sur respectivamente, es utilizada para riego y ganadería, en menor escala. El lago Enriquillo no recibe aporte de aguas superficiales desde la parte Oeste, y en cuanto al Este solo drena de manera continua el canal Cristóbal, el cual tiene un flujo que en gran medida depende del manejo de una compuerta y del uso para agricultura.
EVOLUSI KONSEP TATA KELOLA PEMERINTAH: SOUND GOVERNANCE, DYNAMIC GOVERNANCE dan OPEN GOVERNMENT
Authors: Andhika Lesmana Rian
Published: February 2019

Evolution experienced by the various concepts of governance ranging from good governance, sound governance, dynamic governance, to open government is a concept of the reference that is considered able to manage governance activities properly. The concept governance of anything adopted implies to reject various forms of government based on the activity of authoritarian activity, corruption, collusion, and nepotism that would open up opportunities for other evil actions in the carry out the activity of the government. The focus of the research objectives is trying to contribute knowledge by exploring theoretical conceptual from different scientific literature because it is not necessarily the concept of governance adopted and successfully implemented at the place differently. This research article is a synthesis of qualitative research, using the research method of meta-theory (the analysis of theory). This study seeks to identify all existing written evidence concerning the themes of research, produce a variety of studies are systematically used to develop and examine the theory has ever produced. The results of this study reveal the evolution of governance occurs due to a new thought to fill the lack of a concept that has been there before. Other results are also revealed that the concept of governance has a digest and refer to the innovation of the government. The concept of governance of this will be meaningless when run by people with the low quality of human resources, not smart, and it is not agile.
Formulation and evaluation of albendazole nanoparticle
Authors: Ramesh Yerikala , Balasaradhi Koorapati , Abhilash Kaki Rohan
Published: February 2019

Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative novel drug delivery formulations of albendazole to improve its intestinal absorption and also to reduce its side effects during regular therapy. The Albendazole nanoparticles were prepared by hot homogenization method under high magnetic stirring using stearic acid as lipid and poloxamer 188 was used as surfactant. Initial pre-formulation studies using FTIR spectroscopy reveals that there are no interactions between Albendazole and other excipients and hence they can be used for the preparation of nanoparticles. The entrapment efficiencies varied from a minimum of 43.56 ± 0.95 % to a maximum of 85.1 ±0.58% and it can be concluded that higher amount of lipid is necessary for obtaining a good entrapment efficiency. The drug content of albendazole nanoparticles for all formulation ranges from 65.8% to 98.1%. A spherical shape was observed for the particles and the particles had a smooth morphology when examined under SEM. In vitro release studies of the formulations carried out in pH 7.4 PBS showed that the total amount of drug is released for 9hrs with sustained effect. That the formulations showed a drastic increase in size when stored at room temperature where the size of particles increased from an initial to 343.7 ±7.9 nm at the end of 1 month to 898.1 ± 5.8 nm at the end of 2 months. Entrapment efficiency of the formulation was determined at each interval to ensure that the drug molecules didn’t undergo any degradation during storage.

Keywords: Albendazole, Nanoparticles, Particle size, Entrapment efficiency.
Extracts of Ailanthus excels an Essential Medicine in Ayurveda: Pharmacological evaluationand preliminary screening of phytochemicals
Authors: Malviya Sapna , Dwivedi P.
Published: February 2019

Ailanthus excels belongs to family Simaroubaceae known as tree of Heaven and Mahanimba commonly found in the India and China. The present study involves preliminary screening, qualitative analysis and pharmacological evaluation of extract. The preliminary photochemical screening performed using petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extract. Analytical techniques like; TLC, FTIR and HPTLC also performed for qualitative and quantitative determination. Various chemical tests also performed for qualitative determination of alkaloids, flavanoids, phenols, terpenoids, steroids and saponins in plant extracts. Plant extract finally subjected to antibacterial and antifungal activities and findings of study suggested that plant extracts possesses potent antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Keywords: Ailanthus excelsa, antibacterial, antifungal, preliminary screening, TLC, HPTLC.
Smoking of tobacco is the cause of human lung cancer
Authors: Barukčić Ilija
Published: February 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.

Methods: In order to clarify the relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, a review and meta-analysis of appropriate studies with a total sample size of n = 48393 was conducted. The p-value was set to p < 0,05.

Results: It was not possible to reject the null-hypothesis H0: without smoking no lung cancer. Furthermore, the null-hypothesis H0: No causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer was rejected.

Conclusions: Compared to the results from previous studies, the results of this study confirm previously published results. According the results of this study, without smoking no lung cancer. Smoking is the cause of lung cancer.

Keywords: Smoking, lung cancer, causal relationship
Preparation and evaluation of fast dissolving sublingual film of lisinopril
Authors: Palepu Swathi
Published: February 2019

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Post-auricular leech therapy reduced headache & migraine days in chronic migraine
Authors: Ansari Shabnam , Nil Faihuzzaman , Jabeen Azhar , Sultana Asia , Khan Qamar Alam
Published: February 2019

Background: Migraine is an exceedingly common disorder that causes substantial pain, disability and societal burden. Unfortunately, conventional treatments are insufficient, inadequate, or associated with significant risks, such as overuse, abuse or addiction. The Unani system of Medicine has been treating migraine since centuries. Leech therapy (Irsale Alaq) has been employed successfully in severe persistent headache, mania and insomnia since decades.

Aim: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the impact of post auricular leech therapy in migraine and to collect data to warrant further clinical trials.

Methods: We conducted a case series on 7 patients who had failed conventional oral treatments for the migraine. After informed consent, post auricular leech therapy was done.  Patients were asked to keep detailed headache calendars, documenting the number of headache days, migraine days, the intensity of headaches/ migraines and analgesic usage. We compared these parameters before and after 2 months of therapy.

Results: We observed a reduction in the number of headache & migraine days and amount of painkillers used without any adverse effects. (P≤ 0.01) Improvement in quality of life was also observed.

Discussion: We reviewed the literature related to the medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis), used for the treatment in these cases. Leech saliva contains certain potent anesthetic, anti-inflammatory and vasodilator substances, suggesting plausible mechanisms of action in these cases.

Conclusion: The preliminary findings indicate the safe and potential therapeutic role of leech therapy. So further trials should be carried out to explore the therapeutic potential of this therapy in chronic migraine.

Keywords: Chronic Migraine, leech therapy, hirudo medicinalis, headache, Unani Medicine, complementary Medicine.
Method Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Escitalopram Oxalate and Clonazepam in Bulk and its Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Kalia Bindusar , Baghel Uttam Singh
Published: February 2019

This article refers to simple isocratic reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) developed for the simultaneous quantification of Escitalopram Oxalate (EST) and Clonazepam (CZP) in active pharmaceutical ingredient and pharmaceuticals. The separation of the two drugs was attained using a C₁₈ column (250mm×4.6mm, 5µ) as a stationary phase. The mobile phase was used as a mixture of methanol; acetonitrile; and 0.05M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH 4 adjusted by orthophosphoric acid) with an isocratic ratio of 40:20:40 v/v. Detection was made by using PDA detector at 210 nm. Escitalopram Oxalate (RT= 4.428 minutes) and Clonazepam (RT= 6.532 minutes) were separated in a single chromatographic run with resolution of 8.719. The calibration plot indicated good linear relationship with r2 = 0.998 for Escitalopram Oxalate in concentration range of 32 µg/ml - 48 µg/ml and r2 = 0.999 for Clonazepam in concentration range of 16 µg/ml - 24 µg/ml. The retrievals for Escitalopram Oxalate and Clonazepam were found to be 99.75% and 99.00%, respectively. The established analytical method was validated and found acceptable as per ICH guidelines for linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, robustness and stability. Escitalopram Oxalate and Clonazepam individually as well as in combination were exposed to different stress conditions like acid, base, thermal, photolytic and oxidation degradation and peaks of a degraded product were well determined from peaks of pure drug. This method is modest, quick and appropriate for routine quality control analysis.

Keywords: Reverse Phase – HPLC; Escitalopram Oxalate; Clonazepam; Validation; Degradation study.
Formulation and evaluation of almotriptan controlled release pellets
Authors: Ramesh Yerikala , Kaki Rohan Abhilash , Koorapati Balasaradhi , Sudarsanam P.
Published: February 2019

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate Almotriptan pellets. Almotriptan controlled release pellets were prepared by Solution layering technique by using croscarmellose and povidone in former case and three different polymers HPMC K 100, Ethyl cellulose and Eudragit RS 100 as rate controlling polymer in three different ratios like 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2 to achieve desired release in later case. Evaluation was performed according to the Pharmacopoeia standards including Drug excipients compatibility, Percentage yield, Particle size distribution, Drug content analysis and in-vitro release study. The best results were found to be using Almotriptan and Eudragit RS 100 in 1:2 ratios. A broad variety of drug release pattern could be achieved by variation of polymers ratios which was optimized to match the target release profile. In comparison of in-vitro release studies for different controlled release formulations, F9 releases 98.54% of drug at the end of 12th hour and was considered as best formulation. Stability study has shown no significant change in the drug content analysis and in-vitro dissolution study of best formulation even after 6 months.

Keywords: Almotriptan, Controlled release, Dissolution profile, in-vitro drug release, Stability studies.
Active targeting of nanoparticles: An innovative technology for drug delivery in cancer therapeutics
Authors: Jani Rupalben Kaushalkumar , Krupa Gohil
Published: February 2019

In nanomedicines, currently a wide array of reported nanoparticle systems is being explored by targeting schemes which suggests great potential of targeted delivery to revolutionize cancer therapeutics. This review  gives insight into recent  challenges in modification of nanoparticle systems for enhanced cancer therapy  acknowledged by researchers to date and also outlines different major targeting strategies of nanoparticle systems that have been utilized for the delivery of therapeutics or imaging agents, targeting ligand and cross-linking agent to cancer  which was divided into three sections: 1) Angiogenesis associated targeting, 2) Uncontrolled cell proliferation targeting and 3) Tumor cell targeting.

Keywords: nanoparticles, tumor cells, active targeting, targeting strategies, targeting ligands
Oral dissolving films: an effective tool for fast therapeutic action
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Satya Yagnesh T. Naga
Published: February 2019

The oral route is most familiar route as it has low cost of therapy and helps in the ease of administration of therapeutic agents which lead to high levels of patient compliance. The most known oral solid dosage forms are tablets and capsules. Many patients’ particularly pediatric and geriatric patients find it difficult to swallow tablets and hard gelatin capsules and do not take their medicines as prescribed. Difficulty in swallowing or dysphagia is identified to afflict nearly 35% of the general population. To reduce these difficulties, the growth of several fast dissolving drug delivery systems has been produced. Oral dissolving film is relatively a new dosage form in which thin film is prepared using hydrophilic polymers, which rapidly dissolves on tongue or buccal cavity. The film overcomes the danger/fear of choking. An ideal film should have the characteristics like pleasant taste, high stability, ease of handling and administration, no water necessary for administration. The present review focuses on hydrophilic polymers, plasticizers, sweeteners, flavors and colors etc which are used in the formulation of oral dissolving films including the manufacturing  aspects of oral dissolving film like solvent casting method, rolling method, extrusion method and solid dispersion method and evaluation parameters like disintegration, dissolution, tensile strength, thickness, folding endurance, elastic modulus for oral dissolving films.
The era of pharmacovigilance and the need of pharmacovigilance in psychiatry: A review
Authors: Dharman Dhanya , Krishnan Parimala , Ravikumar K G , Dharan Shaiju S
Published: February 2019

According to WHO, Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is defined as “any response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease, or for the modifications of physiological function”. Adverse drug reactions occur almost daily in every health care institution and can adversely affect a patient’s quality of life (QOL), often causing considerable morbidity and mortality. With the setting up of the Pharmacovigilance Program in India, it is important for all psychiatrists, pharmacist and nurses to familiarize themselves with the key principles of this science, and to apply the principle of Pharmacovigilance for the welfare of our patients and the entire health care community.

Keywords: Adverse drug reaction (ADR), prophylaxis, diagnosis, patient’s quality of life (QOL)
An appraisal of Unani fundamentals in the management of Humma (fever)
Authors: AKHTAR MD. WASI WASI , Naseer Mursaleen
Published: February 2019

The fever has been described in Unani System of Medicine in a very elaborative manner. Besides controlling raised body temperature, the management also comprises other measures to achieve holistic treatment. The basic modes of treatment viz. Ilaj bil Ghiza (dietotherapy), Ilaj bil Tadbeer (regimenal therapy) and Ilaj bil Dawa (pharmacotherapy) are taken into account as per the basic principles of treatment in Unani medicine. Use of cold water and other drinks (mashroob) reduces body temperature, while use of easily digestible and jayyadul kemoos diet like maul asl, ma’ul shaeer, kashak-us-shaeer, aash-e-jau etc. are given in small amounts, just to provide strength to tabiát and to avoid further increase in morbid matter. Various types of drug used to manage different kinds of fever are Dafe Humma, Muarriqat, Musaffiyat wa Muaddilat, Mubarridat wa Musakkinat, Mudirrat, Muqawwi Kabid and Mufarrehat.

Keywords: Humma, Fever, Unani, Management, Basic Principles