bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and Mortality Risk in Preterm Infants with Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Lewis Angela N. , de la Cruz Diomel , Wynn James L. , Frazer Lauren C. , Yakah William , Martin Camilia R. , Yang Heeju , Itriago Elena , Unger Jana , Hair Amy B. , Miele Jessica , Sullivan Brynne A. , Husain Ameena , Good Misty
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The neonatal sequential organ failure assessment (nSOFA) score is a tool for calculating mortality risk of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. The utility of the nSOFA in determining the risk of mortality or the association with surgical intervention among infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has not been investigated. Methods: We performed a retrospective, cohort study of preterm (<37 weeks) infants with NEC Bell’s stage ≥ IIA at six hospitals from 2008 to 2020. An nSOFA score (range 0–15) was assigned to each patient at nine time points from 48 h before or after clinical illness was suspected. Results: Of the 259 infants, nSOFA scores for infants who died (n = 39) or had the composite outcome of surgery or death (n = 114) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) early in the NEC course compared to nSOFA scores for infants who survived medical NEC. Twelve hours after evaluation, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80–0.93) to discriminate for mortality and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79–0.90) for surgery or death (p < 0.001). A maximum nSOFA score of ≥4 at −6, 0, 6, or 12 h following evaluation was associated with a 20-fold increase in mortality and 19-fold increase in surgery or death compared with a score of <4 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this multicenter cohort, the nSOFA score was able to discriminate well for death as well as surgery or death among infants with NEC. The nSOFA is a clinical research tool that may be used in infants with NEC to improve classification by objective quantification of organ dysfunction.
Profile of Tissue Immunoglobulin E in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Han Jinbo , Wang Weiqing , Zhu Zhenzhen , Wang Lei , Chen Yujie , Wang Ruiqi , Guan Kai , Lv Wei
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (eCRSwNP) exhibits a poorer prognosis than noneCRSwNP. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential of total immunoglobulin E (tIgE) and specific IgE (sIgE) levels in tissues for distinguishing and assessing eCRSwNP. Methods: We enrolled 10 control and 88 CRSwNP patients. The clinical data of patients were collected before surgery. Nasal mucosa tissues were taken during surgery for measurements of tIgE, sIgE (weed pollen, epidermal and animal protein, mold, house dust, tree pollen), and subepithelial eosinophil (EOS) counts. The predictive significance of the potential predictors for eCRSwNP was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: Nasal polyps tIgE and mold-sIgE were positively correlated with blood and tissue EOSs, comorbid allergic rhinitis and asthma, ethmoid score/total maxillary score ratio, visual analog scale, and CT score. The ROC curve analysis showed that tissue tIgE (p = 0.0004), mold-sIgE (p = 0.0030), blood EOS percentage (p = 0.0003), and absolute blood EOS count (p = 0.0010) acted as predictive factors for eCRSwNP. According to the cutoff value of tissue tIgE of 34.55 ku/L, patients with a high level were more likely to suffer from asthma (p = 0.016) and showed a significantly higher EOS count (p = 0.022), EOS percentage (p = 0.029), and tIgE (p = 0.002) in blood. Conclusion: Tissue tIgE and mold-sIgE had a significant relationship with the clinical and pathological characteristics of CRSwNP patients and might be reliable for distinguishing and assessing eCRSwNP.
COVID-19 Outbreaks in Nursing Homes Despite Full Vaccination with BNT162b2 of a Majority of Residents
Authors: Lafuente-Lafuente Carmelo , Rainone Antonio , Guérin Olivier , Drunat Olivier , Jeandel Claude , Hanon Olivier , Belmin Joël ,   for the C-VENH (COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Older Patients) Investigators
Published: March 2022

Background: It is not known if widespread vaccination can prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in subpopulations at high risk, like older adults in nursing homes (NH). Objective: The objective of the study was to know if coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks can occur in NH with high vaccination coverage among its residents. Methods: We identified, using national professional networks, NH that suffered COVID-19 outbreaks despite having completed a vaccination campaign, and asked them to send data, using predefined collecting forms, on the number of residents exposed, their vaccination status and the number, characteristics, and evolution of patients infected. The main outcome was to identify outbreaks occurring in NH with high vaccine coverage. Secondary outcomes were residents’ risk of being infected, developing severe disease, or dying from COVID-19 during the outbreak. SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined by a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. All residents were serially tested whenever cases appeared in a facility. Unadjusted secondary attack rates, relative risks, and vaccine effectiveness during the outbreak were estimated. Results: We identified 31 NH suffering an outbreak during March–April 2021, of which 27 sent data, cumulating 1,768 residents (mean age 88.4, 73.4% women, 78.2% fully vaccinated). BNT162b2 was the vaccine employed in all NH. There were 365 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Median secondary attack rates were 20.0% (IQR 4.4%–50.0%) among unvaccinated residents and 16.7% (IQR 9.5%–29.2%) among fully vaccinated ones. Severe cases developed in 42 of 80 (52.5%) unvaccinated patients, compared with 56 of 248 (22.6%) fully vaccinated ones (relative risks [RR] 4.17, 95% CI: 2.43–7.17). Twenty of the unvaccinated patients (25.0%) and 16 of fully vaccinated ones (6.5%) died from COVID-19 (RR 5.11, 95% CI: 2.49–10.5). Estimated vaccine effectiveness during the outbreak was 34.5% (95% CI: 18.5–47.3) for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, 71.8% (58.8–80.7) for preventing severe disease, and 83.1% (67.8–91.1) for preventing death. Conclusions: Outbreaks of COVID-19, including severe cases and deaths, can still occur in NH despite full vaccination of a majority of residents. Vaccine remains highly effective, however, for preventing severe disease and death. Prevention and control measures for SARS-CoV-2 should be maintained in NH at periods of high incidence in the community.
Is PIPAC a Treatment Option in Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Cancer with Peritoneal Metastasis?
Authors: Guel-Klein Safak , Alberto Vilchez Miguel Enrique , Ceelen Wim , Rau Beate , Brandl Andreas
Published: March 2022

Background: The survival prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM) of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is generally poor and treatment consists of, according to international guidelines, systemic chemotherapy. A multimodal treatment approach, including cytoreductive surgery with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, not only proved to be beneficial mainly in colorectal cancer, but also in selected patients with gastric cancer. The authors performed systematic research of articles and ongoing clinical trials using the keywords “PIPAC” and “gastric cancer” or “colorectal cancer” in PubMed in October 2021. Key findings, such as complications rates, treatment protocols, and overall survival were summarized and illustrated in Tables and critically discussed. Summary: Twenty years ago, the technique of Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) was developed by Reymond et al. and delivered evidence to be recognized as a basic therapeutic tool in this multimodal therapy. Currently, there are several ongoing Phase II and III trials exploring the usage and efficacy of PIPAC as a neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or palliative component of treatment in patients with PM of GI cancer. Key Messages: The aim of this narrative review was to help navigate the reader throughout the most current evidence for the use PIPAC and to highlight its indication in patients with upper and lower GI cancer with PM. It also provides an outline of ongoing studies and future perspectives.
Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kjærsgaard Marianne , Grauslund Jakob , Vestergaard Anders Højslet , Subhi Yousif
Published: March 2022

Background: Pathophysiological overlaps exist between diabetes and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and presence of diabetes increases the risk of POAG. Considering that diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an ocular complication of diabetes, one could speculate that DR as a severity measure may associate with or even predict POAG. Given that POAG is asymptomatic in early stages, an association to DR may prove clinically important and facilitate an earlier diagnosis of POAG. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate if DR is associated with and predictive of POAG. Method: We systematically searched 11 literature databases on May 12, 2021. We screened a total of 1,535 records and found six studies eligible for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Two independent authors reviewed the studies, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias within individual studies. Studies were reviewed qualitatively, and meta-analyses were made based on the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between DR and POAG using the random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were made on the association between subtypes of DR and POAG. Results: Six studies (two longitudinal and four cross-sectional) were eligible for review with a total of 255,614 patients with diabetes, of which 20,483 patients had any degree of DR and 5,258 had POAG. All studies were based on patients with type 2 diabetes except one with both type 1 and type 2 patients. Any DR was not associated with POAG (OR 1.17; 95% CI: 0.58–2.35; p = 0.65). Further stratification revealed that neither cross-sectional (OR 1.00; 95% CI: 0.56–1.81, p = 0.99) nor longitudinal studies (OR 1.47; 95% CI: 0.57–3.78, p = 0.43) demonstrated an association between DR and POAG. Conclusions: We did not find convincing evidence of an associations between DR and prevalent or incident POAG.
Gleichzeitiges Auftreten von beschleunigter Nodulose in Lunge, Leber und Nieren und der akuten Exazerbation einer interstitiellen Pneumonie bei einem Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis: ein Fallbericht aus der Autopsie
Authors: Suzuki Akitake , Morita Shigeki , Ohshima Miho , Minemura Nobuyoshi , Suzuki Takeshi , Yoshida Masanobu , Machinami Rikuo , Sakai Shuji , Torikata Chikao
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund: Die beschleunigte Nodulose (ARN) ist eine seltene Variante von Rheumaknoten (RN), die durch ein schnelles Auftreten oder die Verschlimmerung von RN gekennzeichnet ist. Sie entsteht in der Regel an den Fingern von Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA), die mit Methotrexat (MTX) behandelt werden. Es gibt nur wenige Fallberichte, in denen ARN an einer extrakutanen Stelle beschrieben wurde. Falldarstellung: Ein älterer Patient mit langjähriger RA wurde mit akutem Atemversagen in unser Krankenhaus eingeliefert. Die Computertomographie bei der Aufnahme zeigte diffuse Milchglastrübungen, die von subpleuralen retikulären Verschattungen und Wabenbildungen überlagert waren, sowie mehrere Knoten in der Lunge und der Leber. Trotz des Absetzens von MTX und der Einleitung einer immunsuppressiven Pulstherapie mit Methylprednisolon, gefolgt von einer ausschleichenden Prednisolon-Dosis und intravenösem Cyclophosphamid, verstarb der Patient an einer akuten Exazerbation (AE) der RA-bedingten interstitiellen Lungenerkrankung (ILD), die auf die parallele Fluktuation eines diffusen interstitiellen Schattens und der Lungen- und Leberknoten folgte. Bei der Autopsie waren, zusätzlich zu umfangreichen interstitiellen Veränderungen, RNs in beiden Lungenfeldern verstreut. RNs wurden auch in der Leber und den Nieren nachgewiesen. Die Herde der Kryptokokkose wurden hauptsächlich in den Alveolarräumen gefunden. Aufgrund der klinischen und pathologischen Befunde stimmten diese Knoten am ehesten mit einer ARN überein, da die Größe und Anzahl der zuvor entdeckten Lungenknoten akut zunahm. Schlussfolgerung: Der vorliegende Fall ist bemerkenswert, da ARN in mehreren inneren Organen gleichzeitig nachgewiesen wurde und in Verbindung mit der AE von RA-assoziierter ILD stehen kann.
Clinical Outcomes of Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Surgically Resected High-Grade Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Kotake Mie , Imai Hisao , Kaira Kyoichi , Endoh Hideki , Yamada Yutaka , Kaburagi Takayuki , Kiyoshima Moriyuki , Sugiyama Tomohide , Nakamura Yoichi , Kasai Takashi , Matsuguma Haruhisa , Minemura Hiroyuki , Kanazawa Kenya , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Fujita Atsushi , Minato Koichi
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Data on the clinical outcomes of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for surgically resected high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNEC) (large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small-cell lung cancer) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HGNEC. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with surgically resected HGNEC at five institutions in Japan between January 2006 and May 2016. Results: A total of 143 patients were enrolled. Among them, 65 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Four patients who participated in clinical trials were excluded; the remaining 61 patients were included in the study. Fifty-six patients received adjuvant small-cell lung cancer-based chemotherapy. Twenty-five of 29 patients who relapsed after postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy received chemotherapy. The most commonly administered chemotherapy agent was amrubicin. The 3-year relapse-free and overall survival rates were 55.2% and 66.8%, respectively. The median relapse-free and overall survival times for the 25 patients who received chemotherapy after relapse were 12.9 and 27.5 months, respectively. Among them, 22 relapsed within 2 years. Patients who received platinum-doublet chemotherapy after relapse tended to have better time to progression disease and overall survival than those who received single-agent chemotherapy. Conclusions: Most patients with HGNEC received small-cell lung cancer-based regimens as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Those who relapsed after adjuvant chemotherapy were mainly treated with amrubicin. Our findings suggest that platinum-doublet chemotherapy tends to improve the time to progression disease and overall survival in patients who relapse after postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
Emotions of Indonesian Students in the International Learning Community for Example during the PASCH Youth Course
Authors: Sobara Iwa
Published: March 2022

In this article, I examine the “Schools: Partners for the Future” (PASCH) program, its instruments youth language course with a focus on the emotions of Indonesian students, before, during and after participation in the PASCH youth language course. The pupils who are particularly successful and committed to teaching German at PASCH schools from all over the world are invited to the PASCH youth course in Germany. The course takes place annually for three weeks. The course participants have the opportunity to get to know Germany within three weeks. In addition, they meet in an open and lively exchange with other students from all over the world. Over 10,000 young people from PASCH partner schools in over 120 countries have completed German courses for children and young people as well as German exams. During the course, they not only learn German, but are also familiarized with everyday life in Germany. In addition, they also do other joint activities, such as trips/excursions, sports, etc. The present work deals with the emotions Indonesian students experience during the PASCH youth course and in which situations or events these emotions arise. An online questionnaire was used to collect the data. The different emotions expressed by the respondents include: joy, pride, curiosity, sadness, fear, nervousness, anger, disappointment, worry etc. Then all responses from the respondents were classified as positive or negative emotions according to the NRC Emotion Lexicon.
First report of fibropapillomatosis (FP) and Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) in a green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) from the historically fibropapillomatosis-free Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Gattamorta Marco Aurélio , Gavilan Simone Almeida , Silva Flavio José Lima da , Zamana Roberta Ramblas , Setim Fabiola Eloisa , Rossi Silmara , Farias Daniel Solon Dias de , Oliveira Radan Elvis Matias de , Freire Augusto Carlos da Boaviagem , Santos Armando José Barsante , Lara Paulo Hunold , Matushima Eliana Reiko
Published: March 2022

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is an infectious disease caused by Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5). Nevertheless, its clinical manifestations are considered multifactorial. Due to its relevance, FP is currently monitored in sea turtle populations in the United States, Australia, Caribbean, and Brazil. Between 2000 and 2020, the TAMAR Project/ TAMAR Project Foundation analyzed the prevalence of FP in nine states and oceanic islands along the Brazilian coast, including Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA), a historically FP-free area. A total of 4,435 green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) were monitored from 2010 to 2016. Additionally, in 2012 and 2014, 43 FP-free skin samples were analyzed for ChHV5 using a qualitative PCR for the UL30 polymerase (pol) sequence. In 2015, a bilateral ocular nodule characterized as an FP tumor was reported in one of the monitored individuals undergoing rehabilitation. Tissue samples were collected following surgical removal of the tumor. Characterization of a 454 bp UL30 polymerase gene revealed a ChHV5 sequence previously reported in other areas of the Atlantic Brazilian coast. In the years following this finding from January 2017 to March 2020, a total of 360 C. mydas were monitored in the same area and no FP tumors were detected. This is the first report of FP and the first detection of ChHV5 in FNA, a finding of great concern considering this site’s historical absence of FP occurrence. This study highlights the importance of monitoring this disease in historically FP-free areas of the Brazilian Atlantic coast.
Princípios da vacinação de cães e gatos em abrigos
Authors: Galdioli Lucas , Botteon Karin Denise , Rocha Yasmin da Silva Gonçalves da , Brugnerotto Michele , Garcia Rita de Cassia Maria
Published: March 2022

Os abrigos de animais são locais com um alto risco de exposição às doenças infecciosas devido à alta densidade, à dinâmica populacional do abrigo e ao estresse a que os cães e gatos estão submetidos. O processo de imunização por meio das vacinas é um componente essencial no programa  e prevenção e gestão de saúde e bem-estar para esses animais. Esta revisão tem como objetivo revisar as diretrizes sobre a vacinação de cães e gatos em ambientes de abrigos, ressaltando pontos de comparação com a realidade brasileira.
Cost-Effectiveness of a Household Salt Substitution Intervention: Findings From 20 995 Participants of the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study
Authors: Li Ka-Chun , Huang Liping , Tian Maoyi , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Yu Jie , Zhang Xinyi , Yin Xuejun , Liu Yishu , Hao Zhixin , Zhou Bo , Feng Xiangxian , Li Zhifang , Zhang Jianxin , Sun Jixin , Zhang Yuhong , Zhao Yi , Zhang Ruijuan , Yu Yan , Li Nicole , Yan Lijing L. , Labarthe Darwin R. , Elliott Paul , Wu Yangfeng , Neal Bruce , Lung Thomas , Si Lei
Published: March 2022

Background:

SSaSS (Salt Substitute and Stroke Study), a 5-year cluster randomized controlled trial, demonstrated that replacing regular salt with a reduced-sodium, added-potassium salt substitute reduced the risks of stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events, and premature death among individuals with previous stroke or uncontrolled high blood pressure living in rural China. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness profile of the intervention.

Methods:

A within-trial economic evaluation of SSaSS was conducted from the perspective of the health care system and consumers. The primary health outcome assessed was stroke. We also quantified the effect on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Health care costs were identified from participant health insurance records and the literature. All costs (in Chinese yuan [¥]) and QALYs were discounted at 5% per annum. Incremental costs, stroke events averted, and QALYs gained were estimated using bivariate multilevel models.

Results:

Mean follow-up of the 20 995 participants was 4.7 years. Over this period, replacing regular salt with salt substitute reduced the risk of stroke by 14% (rate ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.77–0.96];
P
=0.006), and the salt substitute group had on average 0.054 more QALYs per person. The average costs (¥1538 for the intervention group and ¥1649 for the control group) were lower in the salt substitute group (¥110 less). The intervention was dominant (better outcomes at lower cost) for prevention of stroke as well as for QALYs gained. Sensitivity analyses showed that these conclusions were robust, except when the price of salt substitute was increased to the median and highest market prices identified in China. The salt substitute intervention had a 95.0% probability of being cost-saving and a >99.9% probability of being cost-effective.

Conclusions:

Replacing regular salt with salt substitute was a cost-saving intervention for the prevention of stroke and improvement of quality of life among SSaSS participants.
Novel Oxygen Carrier Slows Infarct Growth in Large Vessel Occlusion Dog Model Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis
Authors: Shazeeb Mohammed Salman , King Robert M. , Anagnostakou Vania , Vardar Zeynep , Kraitem Afif , Kolstad Josephine , Raskett Christopher , Le Moan Natacha , Winger Jonathan A. , Kelly Lauren , Krtolica Ana , Henninger Nils , Gounis Matthew J.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Tissue hypoxia plays a critical role in the events leading to cell death in ischemic stroke. Despite promising results in preclinical and small clinical pilot studies, inhaled oxygen supplementation has not translated to improved outcomes in large clinical trials. Moreover, clinical observations suggest that indiscriminate oxygen supplementation can adversely affect outcome, highlighting the need to develop novel approaches to selectively deliver oxygen to affected regions. This study tested the hypothesis that intravenous delivery of a novel oxygen carrier (Omniox-Ischemic Stroke [OMX-IS]), which selectively releases oxygen into severely ischemic tissue, could delay infarct progression in an established canine thromboembolic large vessel occlusion stroke model that replicates key dynamics of human infarct evolution.

Methods:

After endovascular placement of an autologous clot into the middle cerebral artery, animals received OMX-IS treatment or placebo 45 to 60 minutes after stroke onset. Perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed to define infarct progression dynamics to stratify animals into fast versus slow stroke evolvers. Serial diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed for up to 5 hours to quantify infarct evolution. Histology was performed postmortem to confirm final infarct size.

Results:

In fast evolvers, OMX-IS therapy substantially slowed infarct progression (by ≈1 hour,
P
<0.0001) and reduced the final normalized infarct volume as compared to controls (0.99 versus 0.88, control versus OMX-IS drug,
P
<0.0001). Among slow evolvers, OMX-IS treatment delayed infarct progression by approximately 45 minutes; however, this did not reach statistical significance (
P
=0.09). The final normalized infarct volume also did not show a significant difference (0.93 versus 0.95, OMX-IS drug versus control,
P
=0.34). Postmortem histologically determined infarct volumes showed excellent concordance with the magnetic resonance imaging defined ischemic lesion volume (bias: 1.33% [95% CI, −15% to 18%).

Conclusions:

Intravenous delivery of a novel oxygen carrier is a promising approach to delay infarct progression after ischemic stroke, especially in treating patients with large vessel occlusion stroke who cannot undergo definitive reperfusion therapy within a timely fashion.
Effect of Deferoxamine on Trajectory of Recovery After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Post Hoc Analysis of the i-DEF Trial
Authors: Foster Lydia , Robinson Laura , Yeatts Sharon D. , Conwit Robin A. , Shehadah Amjad , Lioutas Vasileios , Selim Magdy ,   on behalf of the i-DEF Investigators
Published: March 2022

Background:

There are limited data on the trajectory of recovery and long-term functional outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Most ICH trials have conventionally assessed outcomes at 3 months following the footsteps of ischemic stroke. The i-DEF trial (Intracerebral Hemorrhage Deferoxamine Trial) assessed modified Rankin Scale (mRS) longitudinally at prespecified time points from day 7 through the end of the 6-month follow-up period. We evaluated the trajectory of mRS among trial participants and examined the effect of deferoxamine on this trajectory.

Methods:

We performed a post hoc analysis of the i-DEF trial, a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, futility-design, phase 2 clinical trial, based on the actual treatment received. Favorable outcome was defined as mRS score of 0–2. A generalized linear mixed model was used to evaluate the outcome trajectory over time, as well as whether the trajectory was altered by deferoxamine, after adjustments for randomization variables, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and ICH location.

Results:

A total of 291 subjects were included in analysis (145 placebo and 146 deferoxamine). The proportion of patients with mRS score of 0–2 continually increased from day 7 to 180 in both groups (interaction
P
<0.0001 for time in main effects model), but treatment with deferoxamine favorably altered the trajectory (interaction
P
=0.0010). Between day 90 and 180, the deferoxamine group improved (
P
=0.0001), whereas there was not significant improvement in the placebo arm (
P
=0.3005).

Conclusions:

A large proportion of patients continue to improve up to 6 months after ICH. Future ICH trials should assess outcomes past 90 days for a minimum of 6 months. In i-DEF, treatment with deferoxamine seemed to accelerate and alter the trajectory of recovery as assessed by mRS.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02175225.
Revalidation of Yphthimoides inornata (Hayward, 1962 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Euptychiina) based on morphological and molecular data with description of the immature stages
Authors: PIOVESAN MÔNICA , ORLANDIN ELTON , MIELKE OLAF HERMANN HENDRIK , CASAGRANDE MIRNA MARTINS
Published: March 2022

Yphthimoides inornata (Hayward, 1962) stat. rev., currently regarded as a nomen dubium and synonym of Yphthimoides yphthima (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) has its status revalidated based on morphological characters and the DNA barcode. Images of the male and female, including their genitalia, information on the distribution, habitat, and immature stages are provided.
The Internal and ENSO-Forced Modes of the Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Ding Ruibin , Kang In-Sik , Farneti Riccardo , Kucharski Fred , Sante Fabio Di , Xuan Jiliang , Zhou Feng , Zhang Tao
Published: March 2022

The internal and ENSO-forced modes of the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated using a high-resolution regional coupled model. Five different model simulations were performed by controlling atmospheric and oceanic boundary conditions (BCs), which are lateral walls of the model domain. In the internal run performed by prescribing the climatological mean oceanic and atmospheric BCs, the first and second empirical orthogonal functions (EOF1 and EOF2) of internal mode are similar to the observed Indian Ocean basin (IOB) and dipole (IOD) modes with relatively weak amplitudes, respectively. In the control run with observed BCs, those EOFs are much amplified with their power spectrums significantly changed, and their spatial patterns are modified, particularly for the EOF2. Three ENSO runs with combinations of ENSO-related and climatological mean BCs show that the modification of spatial pattern of EOFs is mainly due to ENSO forcing. Furthermore, ENSO forcing determines the major 4-yr period of IOB mainly through the atmosphere, whereas the major 3-yr period of IOD is determined by both ENSO atmosphere and ocean forcings. It is also found that IOB and IOD exhibit a significant seasonally dependent relationship in both internal and ENSO-forced simulations. Most importantly, by applying the empirical singular vector method to both observed and modeled data, it is found that the IOD–IOB relationship is associated with an unstable mode of Indian Ocean SST anomalies, evolving from boreal fall to the next spring. This unstable mode is intrinsic within the Indian Ocean but is substantially amplified by the ENSO.
Near Invariance of Poleward Atmospheric Heat Transport in Response to Midlatitude Orography
Authors: Cox Tyler , Donohoe Aaron , Roe Gerard H. , Armour Kyle C. , Frierson Dargan M. W.
Published: March 2022

Total poleward atmospheric heat transport (AHT) is similar in both magnitude and latitudinal structure between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. These similarities occur despite more major mountain ranges in the Northern Hemisphere, which help create substantial stationary eddy AHT that is largely absent in the Southern Hemisphere. However, this hemispheric difference in stationary eddy AHT is compensated by hemispheric differences in other dynamic components of AHT so that total AHT is similar between hemispheres. To understand how AHT compensation occurs, we add midlatitude mountain ranges in two different general circulation models that are otherwise configured as aquaplanets. Even when midlatitude mountains are introduced, total AHT is nearly invariant. We explore the near invariance of total AHT in response to orography through dynamic, energetic, and diffusive perspectives. Dynamically, orographically induced changes to stationary eddy AHT are compensated by changes in both transient eddy and mean meridional circulation AHT. This creates an AHT system with three interconnected components that resist large changes to total AHT. Energetically, the total AHT can only change if the top-of-the-atmosphere net radiation changes at the equator-to-pole scale. Midlatitude orography does not create large-enough changes in the equator-to-pole temperature gradient to alter outgoing longwave radiation enough to substantially change total AHT. In the zonal mean, changes to absorbed shortwave radiation also often compensate for changes in outgoing longwave radiation. Diffusively, the atmosphere smooths anomalies in temperature and humidity created by the addition of midlatitude orography, such that total AHT is relatively invariant.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to better understand how orography influences heat transport in the atmosphere. Enhancing our understanding of how atmospheric heat transport works is important, as heat transport helps moderate Earth’s surface temperatures and influences precipitation patterns. We find that the total amount of atmospheric heat transport does not change in the presence of mountains in the midlatitudes. Different pieces of the heat transport change, but they change in compensatory ways, such that the total heat transport remains roughly constant.
Jejuno-jejunal intussusception secondary to recurrent/metastatic melanoma
Authors: Cibulas Megan A. , Carrillo Eddy H. , Lee Seong K. , Rosenthal Andrew A.
Published: March 2022

Intussusception is uncommon in adults, and usually secondary to a neoplasm. Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is prevalent in adults but rarely due to intussusception. A 55-year-old woman with history of melanoma (four years in remission) presented with abdominal pain and melena. Upper and lower endoscopy was normal. She developed bilious emesis and worsening pain, so she presented to the emergency department. CT abdomen/pelvis identified a SBO with transition point at a small bowel intussusception; she was taken to the operating room. A mid-jejunal intussusception was reduced revealing a mass; resection and primary anastomosis was performed. Final pathology demonstrated a 5.5 cm melanoma, likely metastatic. She required no additional therapy and remains in remission eighteen months later. Intussusception due to metastatic melanoma is rare but should be on the differential for patients with SBO and history of melanoma. Knowledge of this history should prompt consideration for oncologic resection to optimize outcome
Crosstalk-Free Excitation Scheme for Quantitative OH Laser-Induced Fluorescence in Environments Containing Excited CO
Authors: Budde Maik , Engeln Richard
Published: March 2022

Spectral overlap in the single-photon laser-induced fluorescence between the 3064 Å system of OH and the third positive system of CO is detected in a highly-excited environment, namely, a CO2-H2O plasma. The overlap is distorting excitation and fluorescence spectra as well as fluorescence time decays of commonly used excitation transitions of OH. As a consequence, systematic errors are introduced into the determination of temperatures, gas compositions, and absolute number densities. The P1(2) transition is proposed to circumvent the distortion while still allowing for quantitative measurements due to the availability of non-radiative rate coefficients.
Understanding the damage mechanisms in 3D layer-to-layer woven composites from thermal and acoustic measurements
Authors: Navrátil Libor , Le Saux Vincent , Marco Yann , Aboura Zoheir , Harizi Walid , Cuniberti Clément , Carrere Nicolas , Leclercq Sylvain
Published: March 2022

This article deals with an interlock woven composite and aims at providing a better understanding of the dissipative mechanisms activated under cyclic loadings and describing the damage scenario characteristic of heat build-up experiments. Since the ultimate objective of heat build-up experiment analyses is usually fatigue life predictions that are based on constitutive modelling, the correct interpretation of experimental results is essential. Three different loading protocols are proposed. The instrumentation of these experiments includes infrared thermometry and acoustic emission monitoring. The results show that the coupling of these two techniques provides useful information in order to identify the most important dissipation sources: viscoelasticity, damage and friction. Furthermore, by analysing different loading sequences, it is possible to elaborate the dissipation evolution scenario as well as the damage evolution scenario occurring during heat build-up experiments.
Televising Justice during War
Authors: Stapleton Stephen , Uribe Andres , Wright Austin L.
Published: March 2022

Television is an overlooked tool of state building. We estimate the impact of televising criminal proceedings on public use of government courts to resolve disputes. We draw on survey data from Afghanistan, where the government used television as a mechanism for enhancing the legitimacy of formal legal institutions during an ongoing conflict. We find consistent evidence of enhanced support for government courts among survey respondents who trust television following the nation’s first televised criminal trial. We find no evidence that public confidence in other government functions (e.g. economy, development, corruption) improved during this period. Our findings suggest that television may provide a means of building state legitimacy during war and other contexts of competition between political authorities.
Identification of Dental Stem Cells Similar to Skeletal Stem Cells
Authors: Liang J.F. , Wang J. , Ji Y.T. , Zhao Q. , Han L.T. , Miron R.J. , Zhang Y.F.
Published: March 2022

Stem and progenitor cells play important roles in the development and maintenance of teeth and bone. Surface markers expressed in bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells are also expressed in dental tissue–derived stem cells. Mouse skeletal stem cells (mSSCs, CD45−Ter119−Tie2−CD51+Thy−6C3−CD105−CD200+) and human skeletal stem cells (hSSCs, CD45−CD235a−TIE2−CD31−CD146−PDPN+CD73+CD164+) have been identified in bone and shown to play important roles in skeletal development and regeneration. However, it is unclear whether dental tissues also harbor mSSC or hSSC populations. Here, we employed rainbow tracers and found that clonal expansion occurred in mouse dental tissues similar to that in bone. We sorted the mSSC population from mouse periodontal ligament (mPDL) tissue and mouse dental pulp (mDP) tissue in the lower incisors by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). In addition, we demonstrated that mPDL-derived skeletal stem cells (mPDL-SSCs) and mDP-derived skeletal stem cells (mDP-SSCs) have similar clonogenic capacity, as well as cementogenic and odontogenic potential, but not adipogenic potential, similar to the characteristics of mSSCs. Moreover, we found that the dental tissue–derived mSSC population plays an important role in repairing clipped incisors. Importantly, we sorted the hSSC population from human periodontal ligament (hPDL) and human dental pulp (hDP) tissue in molars and identified its stem cell characteristics. Finally, hPDL-like and hDP-like structures were generated after transplanting hPDL-SSCs and hDP-SSCs beneath the renal capsules. In conclusion, we demonstrated that mouse and human PDL and DP tissues harbor dental stem cells similar to mSSCs and hSSCs, respectively, providing a precise stem cell population for the exploration of dental diseases.
“You Selling?”: Snack Sales and the Construction of Deviance in a High School
Authors: Gorski Karlyn J.
Published: March 2022

Youths’ affinity for snack foods is well-documented; in various contexts, they sell chips, candy, and other goods. Adults may frame such sales as either entrepreneurial or deviant, which can contribute to positive youth development (on one hand) or cycles of disengagement and criminalization (on the other). Drawing on ethnographic and interview data from Hamilton High School, I show how adults’ criminalization of snack sales led the activity to more closely resemble that which they feared: drug sales. Snack sales constitute one way in which youth exercise agency in the face of broad institutional control, leading some to challenge the legitimacy of the school overall. These findings represent a case of how youth experience “criminalized childhoods” in a school context.
Role Theory Perspectives: Past, Present, and Future Applications of Role Theories in Management Research
Authors: Anglin Aaron H. , Kincaid Paula A. , Short Jeremy C. , Allen David G.
Published: March 2022

Role theories examine how individual behavior is shaped by prevailing social roles and provide insights into how behavior is perceived by others in light of such roles. Current movements for police reform as well as the landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court concerning the employment rights of LGBTQIA individuals have brought conversations concerning roles and their potential impact to the forefront of public discourse. Academic perspectives in management research have aided in building knowledge concerning how roles impact individuals and organizations in a variety of research domains, including entrepreneurship, human resource management, organizational behavior, and strategic management. While the utilization of role theory has gained tremendous momentum over the past two decades, its central tenets are often blurred given that several related but unique perspectives surrounding roles exist in the literature. We trace the origins and development of specific role theories by defining central constructs to bring clarity to the conceptual ambiguities between various role theories and key concepts. Next, we provide an integrative review of empirical role research in management journals over the past 20 years. Here, we identify the five most prominent research themes in the management literature: roles and identity, work–nonwork interface, biases and stereotypes, career life cycles, and ethics and other-oriented behavior. Finally, we provide an agenda for future research that highlights missed opportunities in management research that draws from the key themes identified in our review.
Writing geography: Teaching research writing and storytelling in the discipline
Authors: Wilson Robert M
Published: March 2022

Writing is a vital activity for all academic geographers and essential to their success. But few graduate programs devote courses to teaching MA and PhD students how to write even though qualitative and quantitative methods courses are now commonplace. This article discusses some of the major critiques of academic writing and how I have sought to address these criticisms in Writing Geography, a graduate seminar I developed to help students improve their research writing.
Using Behavioral Economics to Identify Potential Managed Lane Users
Authors: Ashraf Sruthi , W. Burris Mark , Brown Alexander L. , Vitaku Valon
Published: March 2022

Priced managed lanes (MLs) offer travelers an option to choose to pay a toll to travel on the MLs for a generally faster, more reliable travel than on the adjacent, toll-free general-purpose lanes (GPLs). Recent research has shown that many travelers on freeways with MLs choose the same lane type every trip regardless of travel time savings and toll rate. In this paper, a classic experimental economics traffic game was replicated and re-examined to model traveler choice by classifying travelers as “choosers” (people who frequently choose between MLs and GPLs) and “non-choosers” (people who use only one type of lane). This traffic experiment was then augmented with a travel survey to find the individual differences (psychological traits), trip-related variables, and socio-demographic variables that help differentiate travelers into the above two categories. Based on the traffic experiment and travel survey, it was found that: (1) the experiment could identify real life choosers and (2) many more travelers indicate that they are choosers in a survey than in actual travel. Features that are related to the choosing behavior were the time taken by the subject to answer a survey section and time used to verify their answers before submitting. Participants who spent more time on those things tended to be choosers. Travelers who were direct responders in the experiment tended to be choosers. Other factors that differentiated choosers from non-choosers were trip duration, familiarity with the ML facilities, and education level.
Contextual Adjustment of the Institute of Transportation Engineers Trip Generation Rates for Small and Medium Urban Areas in Louisiana
Authors: Doulabi Saba , Wilmot Chester , Stopher Peter , Antipova Angela
Published: March 2022

The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Handbook has been in common use since the 1970s to estimate vehicle trips generated by more than 172 land use categories as a function of establishment size. However, observed trip rates display a huge error range across different land use categories and urban contexts. Although contextual adjustment factors can ameliorate the error in the ITE trip generation estimates considerably, local site-specific trip generation rates should be collected for this purpose. Given the huge time and monetary costs of data collection, adjusting the ITE trip generation rate is mainly done in large metropolitan areas such as Portland, OR, Baltimore, MD, and San Francisco, CA, while it is ignored by many jurisdictions in small to medium-sized metropolitan areas. Here, the ITE trip generation rates for strip mall land use in Louisiana are adjusted by considering the extent to which the built environment characteristics can improve the accuracy of estimated vehicle trip generation rates in smaller urban areas. Vehicle trip data were collected for two consecutive days at 40 strip malls across eight different urban areas of Louisiana to develop whole day and afternoon peak hour contextual adjustment factors for the given land use category across the study area. The results of this study show noticeable improvement for whole day analysis compared with the ITE method by producing a 42% reduction in root mean square error .
Economic Growth and the Rate of Profit in Colombia 1967–2019: A VAR Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Duque Garcia Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2022

In recent decades, there has been a growing literature dealing with the empirical estimation of the rate of profit and other Marxian variables in several countries. Nonetheless, there has been a paucity of econometric research about the impact of those Marxian variables on the growth rate in developing countries. This article seeks to evaluate the rate of profit and the rate of accumulation as determinants of the growth rate in Colombia during 1967–2019, using a generalized vector autoregressive model. We find that both variables are statistically significant and, in concordance with Marxian theory predictions, affect positively the growth rate. We also identify direct impacts of the growth rate over the profit rate and the accumulation rate as well as an economic relevant relationship between these latter variables.

JEL Classification: B51, C22, O54
Irremediable Psychiatric Suffering in The Context of Medical Assistance in Dying: A Delphi-Study
Authors: van Veen Sisco M.P. , Evans Natalie , Ruissen Andrea M. , Vandenberghe Joris , Beekman Aartjan T.F. , Widdershoven Guy A.M.
Published: March 2022

Objective

Patients with a psychiatric disorder are eligible to request medical assistance in dying (MAID) in a small but growing number of jurisdictions, including the Netherlands and Belgium. In Canada, MAID for mental illness will become possible in 2023. For this request to be granted, most of these jurisdictions demand that the patient is competent in her request, and that the suffering experienced is unbearable and irremediable. Especially the criterion of irremediability is challenging to establish in patients with psychiatric disorders. The aim of this research is to establish what criteria Dutch and Belgian experts agree to be necessary in characterising irremediable psychiatric suffering (IPS) in the context of MAID.

Methods

A two-round Delphi procedure among psychiatrists with relevant experience.

Results

Thirteen consensus criteria were established: five diagnostic and eight treatment-related criteria. Diagnostically, the participants deem a narrative description and attention to contextual and systemic factors necessary. Also, a mandatory second opinion is required. The criteria concerning treatment show that extensive biopsychosocial treatment is needed, and the suffering must be present for several years. Finally, in the case of refusal, the participants agree that there are limits to the number of diagnostic procedures or treatments a patient must undergo.

Conclusions

Consensus was found among a Dutch and Belgian expert group on potential criteria for establishing IPS in the context of MAID. These criteria can be used in clinical decision-making and can inform future procedural demands and research.