bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equine lung decellularization: a potential approach for in vitro modeling the role of the extracellular matrix in asthma
Authors: Palma Renata Kelly da , Fratini Paula , Schiavo Matias Gustavo Sá , Cereta Andressa Daronco , Guimarães Leticia Lopes , Anunciação Adriana Raquel de Almeida , de Oliveira Luis Vicente Franco , Farre Ramon , Miglino Maria Angelica
Published: November 2018

Contrary to conventional research animals, horses naturally develop asthma, a disease in which the extracellular matrix of the lung plays a significant role. Hence, the horse lung extracellular matrix appears to be an ideal candidate model for in vitro studying the mechanisms and potential treatments for asthma. However, so far, such model to study cell–extracellular matrix interactions in asthma has not been developed. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for equine lung decellularization that maintains the architecture of the extracellular matrix and could be used in the future as an in vitro model for therapeutic treatment in asthma. For this the equine lungs were decellularized by sodium dodecyl sulfate detergent perfusion at constant gravitational pressure of 30 cmH2O. Lung scaffolds were assessed by immunohistochemistry (collagen I, III, IV, laminin, and fibronectin), scanning electron microscopy, and DNA quantification. Their mechanical property was assessed by measuring lung compliance using the super-syringe technique. The optimized protocol of lung equine decellularization was effective to remove cells (19.8 ng/mg) and to preserve collagen I, III, IV, laminin, and fibronectin. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated maintained microscopic lung structures. The decellularized lungs presented lower compliance compared to native lung. In conclusion we described a reproducible decellularization protocol that can produce an acellular equine lung feasible for the future development of novel treatment strategies in asthma.
Hemodynamics of the diastolic pressure gradients in acute heart failure: implications for the diagnosis of pre‐capillary pulmonary hypertension in left heart disease
Authors: Aronson Doron , Hardak Emilia , Burger Andrew J.
Published: November 2018

The diastolic pressure gradient (DPG) has been proposed as the metric of choice for the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular changes in left heart disease. We tested the hypothesis that this metric is less sensitive to changes in left atrial pressure and stroke volume (SV) than the transpulmonary gradient (TPG). We studied the effect of dynamic changes in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), SV, and pulmonary artery capacitance (PAC) on DPG and TPG in 242 patients with acute heart failure undergoing decongestive therapy with continuous hemodynamic monitoring. There was a close impact of PCWP reduction on TPG and DPG, with a 0.13 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.19, P < 0.0001) and 0.21 mmHg (95% CI 0.16–0.25, P < 0.0001) increase for every 1 mmHg decrease in PCWP, respectively. Changes in SV had a negligible effect on TPG and DPG (0.19 and 0.13 mmHg increase, respectively, for every 10‐mL increase in SV). Heart rate was positively associated with DPG (0.41‐mmHg increase per 10 BPM [95% CI 0.22–0.60, P < 0.0001]). The resistance‐compliance product was positively associated with both TPG and DPG (2.65 mmHg [95% CI 2.47–2.83] and 1.94 mmHg [95% CI 1.80–2.08] for each 0.1‐s increase, respectively). In conclusion, DPG is not less sensitive to changes in left atrial pressure and SV compared with TPG. Although DPG was not affected by changes in PAC, the concomitant increase in the resistance‐compliance product increases DPG.
Pulmonary artery denervation improves hemodynamics and cardiac function in pulmonary hypertension secondary to heart failure
Authors: Zhang Hang , Yu Wande , Zhang Juan , Xie Dujiang , Gu Yue , Ye Peng , Chen Shao‐Liang
Published: November 2018

This study aimed to determine the benefits and correlated mechanisms of pulmonary artery denervation (PADN) for heart failure (HF) pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH secondary to HF is associated with poor clinical outcomes because there is no proper therapy for it. PADN showed improved outcomes for patients with HF‐PH. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Supracoronary aortic banding (SAB) was used to create HF‐PH models. Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control, SAB, sham, SAB with PADN, and SAB without PADN groups. Surgical (longitudinally damaging vessel nerves) and chemical (10% phenol applied to the surface of nerves) PADN was performed for animals in the SAB with PADN group. Morphological, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and protein expression changes were measured four weeks thereafter. Adrenergic receptor (AR) expressions of pulmonary arteries from four HF‐PH patients and four patients without PH were measured. Ten HF‐PH patients who underwent PADN were followed‐up for six months. SAB‐induced HF‐PH was achieved by 50% of animals. Surgical and chemical PADN was associated with significant improvements in pulmonary artery muscularization, hemodynamics, and right ventricular functions. In pulmonary arterial specimens from HF‐PH patients, β2‐AR and α1A/B‐AR, as well as eNOS, were downregulated and α1D‐AR was upregulated compared to those from patients without PH. PADN led to a mean increase of 84 m during the 6‐min walk distance for HF‐PH patients at six‐month follow‐up. HF‐PH was characterized by downregulated β2‐AR, α1A‐AR, and α1B‐AR and by upregulated α1D‐AR. PADN is associated with significant improvements in hemodynamics and pulmonary artery remodeling.
The Levels of Neonatal Care Practices at Health Facilities and Home Deliveries in Rural Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Haji Yusuf , Teshome Milion , Alemayehu Akalewold , Mekonnen Mekdes , W/Gebrieal Fistum , G/Tsasdik Achamyelesh
Published: November 2018

Background: Globally, there has been progress in reducing maternal and under-5 child deaths in the past 2 decades; however, the progress in reducing newborn mortality has been slower with estimated 3 million neonatal deaths per year. In Ethiopia, unhealthy newborn care is common at home deliveries compared with institutional births that might be associated with neonatal deaths. The purpose of the current study was to assess the practices of immediate newborn care at home and institutional deliveries in rural Sidama Zone, 2017. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was used. The study was conducted in 5 districts of Sidama Zone, from January 21 to February 4, 2017. A total of 2300 mothers who gave live births in the past 6 months were selected using a 2-stage cluster sampling methods. Data were entered, cleaned, and recoded using Epi Data and SPSS for analysis. Accordingly, descriptive and bivariate analyses were done, and the results are presented using P values. Results: The response rate was 99% (2279/2300). About one-third of the mothers are in the age group of 20 to 24 years, and 94.6% of them had at least 1 antenatal care follow-up. Most (72%) mothers delivered at health facilities. The practices of skin to skin care of the babies was 52% (61% at health facilities, 28% at home; P < .002). Baby bathing delay for at least 24 hours was 78% and clean cord care was 73% overall (home 21% vs health institution 93.6%). The cord was not tied in 11.6% of cases all of whom were home births ( P < .001). As to immediate breastfeeding of the child, most (78%) of the babies were put to the breast within an hour of birth with no significant difference between the 2 places of births ( P = .75). Conclusion: In this study, giving birth at health facilities did not make immediate newborn care practices universal, but unhealthy practices were more common among home births. Therefore, more efforts to promote community-based immediate newborn care are needed with great emphasis to proper thermal care.
Thinking about thinking: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of metacognitive judgements
Authors: Vaccaro Anthony G. , Fleming Stephen M.
Published: November 2018

Metacognition supports reflection upon and control of other cognitive processes. Despite metacognition occupying a central role in human psychology, its neural substrates remain underdetermined, partly due to study-specific differences in task domain and type of metacognitive judgement under study. It is also unclear how metacognition relates to other apparently similar abilities that depend on recursive thought such as theory of mind or mentalising. Now that neuroimaging studies of metacognition are more prevalent, we have an opportunity to characterise consistencies in neural substrates identified across different analysis types and domains. Here we used quantitative activation likelihood estimation methods to synthesise findings from 47 neuroimaging studies on metacognition, divided into categories based on the target of metacognitive evaluation (memory and decision-making), analysis type (judgement-related activation, confidence-related activation, and predictors of metacognitive sensitivity), and, for metamemory judgements, temporal focus (prospective and retrospective). A domain-general network, including medial and lateral prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and insula was associated with the level of confidence in self-performance in both decision-making and memory tasks. We found preferential engagement of right anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in metadecision experiments and bilateral parahippocampal cortex in metamemory experiments. Results on metacognitive sensitivity were inconclusive, likely due to fewer studies reporting this contrast. Finally, by comparing our results to meta-analyses of mentalising, we obtain evidence for common engagement of the ventromedial and anterior dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in both metacognition and mentalising, suggesting that these regions may support second-order representations for thinking about the thoughts of oneself and others.
Ninety-Day Readmission Following Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Chand Manisha R , Meiyappan Arjun , Villa Jesus M , Kanwar Sumit , Sabesan Vani J , Gilot Gregory
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Hospital readmissions after elective shoulder arthroplasty represent a costly burden to the health-care system due to the rising demand for this procedure. Nevertheless, the reasons for readmissions remain inconclusive. Therefore, the main purposes of the current investigation were to determine (1) the readmission rates within 90 days after shoulder arthroplasty, (2) the reasons behind those readmissions, and (3) the characteristics of readmitted patients.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed on 184 patients who underwent total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) or reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) performed by a single surgeon at a single institution between 2010 and 2016. The readmissions that occurred within 90 days after surgery and their reasons were noted. Patient characteristics were compared between readmitted and non-readmitted patients.

Results

Overall, 7.1% of patients were readmitted within 90 days after shoulder arthroplasty. However, patients with a previous surgery on the same shoulder of the TSA or RSA had a higher rate (13.5%) than patients without a previous surgery (5.4%). Readmission rates for TSA and RSA were virtually identical. Most readmissions were due to surgical (69.2%) rather than medical complications (30.8%). The most common reasons for readmission were surgical-site infection and deep vein thrombosis. There were no statistically significant differences between the baseline patient characteristics of readmitted and non-readmitted patients. However, the proportion of males (69.2%) was more than twice the one of females (30.8%) among readmitted patients.

Conclusion

The readmission rate within 90 days after surgery was relatively low among patients who underwent either a TSA or RSA at our institution. Surgically related causes were largely responsible for readmissions.
CSF1R inhibitors exhibit antitumor activity in acute myeloid leukemia by blocking paracrine signals from support cells
Authors: Edwards David K. , Watanabe-Smith Kevin , Rofelty Angela , Damnernsawad Alisa , Laderas Ted , Lamble Adam , Lind Evan F. , Kaempf Andy , Mori Motomi , Rosenberg Mara , d’Almeida Amanda , Long Nicola , Agarwal Anupriya , Sweeney David Tyler , Loriaux Marc , McWeeney Shannon K. , Tyner Jeffrey W.
Published: November 2018

To identify new therapeutic targets in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we performed small-molecule and small-interfering RNA (siRNA) screens of primary AML patient samples. In 23% of samples, we found sensitivity to inhibition of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) receptor (CSF1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase responsible for survival, proliferation, and differentiation of myeloid-lineage cells. Sensitivity to CSF1R inhibitor GW-2580 was found preferentially in de novo and favorable-risk patients, and resistance to GW-2580 was associated with reduced overall survival. Using flow cytometry, we discovered that CSF1R is not expressed on the majority of leukemic blasts but instead on a subpopulation of supportive cells. Comparison of CSF1R-expressing cells in AML vs healthy donors by mass cytometry revealed expression of unique cell-surface markers. The quantity of CSF1R-expressing cells correlated with GW-2580 sensitivity. Exposure of primary AML patient samples to a panel of recombinant cytokines revealed that CSF1R inhibitor sensitivity correlated with a growth response to CSF1R ligand, CSF1, and other cytokines, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The addition of CSF1 increased the secretion of HGF and other cytokines in conditioned media from AML patient samples, whereas adding GW-2580 reduced their secretion. In untreated cells, HGF levels correlated significantly with GW-2580 sensitivity. Finally, recombinant HGF and HS-5–conditioned media rescued cell viability after GW-2580 treatment in AML patient samples. Our results suggest that CSF1R-expressing cells support the bulk leukemia population through the secretion of HGF and other cytokines. This study identifies CSF1R as a novel therapeutic target of AML and provides a mechanism of paracrine cytokine/growth factor signaling in this disease.
Prevalence of inherited blood disorders and associations with malaria and anemia in Malawian children
Authors: McGann Patrick T. , Williams Anne M. , Ellis Graham , McElhinney Kathryn E. , Romano Laurel , Woodall Julia , Howard Thad A. , Tegha Gerald , Krysiak Robert , Lark R. Murray , Ander E. Louise , Mapango Carine , Ataga Kenneth I. , Gopal Satish , Key Nigel S. , Ware Russell E. , Suchdev Parminder S.
Published: November 2018

In sub-Saharan Africa, inherited causes of anemia are common, but data are limited regarding the geographical prevalence and coinheritance of these conditions and their overall contributions to childhood anemia. To address these questions in Malawi, we performed a secondary analysis of the 2015-2016 Malawi Micronutrient Survey, a nationally and regionally representative survey that estimated the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and evaluated both inherited and noninherited determinants of anemia. Children age 6 to 59 months were sampled from 105 clusters within the 2015-2016 Malawi Demographic Health Survey. Hemoglobin, ferritin, retinol binding protein, malaria, and inflammatory biomarkers were measured from venous blood. Molecular studies were performed using dried blood spots to determine the presence of sickle cell disease or trait, α-thalassemia trait, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Of 1279 eligible children, 1071 were included in the final analysis. Anemia, iron deficiency, and malaria were common, affecting 30.9%, 21.5%, and 27.8% of the participating children, respectively. α-Thalassemia trait was common (>40% of children demonstrating deletion of 1 [33.1%] or 2 [10.0%] α-globin genes) and associated with higher prevalence of anemia (P < .001). Approximately 20% of males had G6PD deficiency, which was associated with a 1.0 g/dL protection in hemoglobin decline during malaria infection (P = .02). These data document that inherited blood disorders are common and likely play an important role in the prevalence of anemia and malaria in Malawian children.
Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Adults
Authors: Osman Afaf E.G. , Anderson Jennifer , Churpek Jane E. , Christ Trevor N. , Curran Emily , Godley Lucy A. , Liu Hongtao , Thirman Michael J. , Odenike Toyosi , Stock Wendy , Larson Richard A.
Published: November 2018

The treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has evolved rapidly in the past two decades after the introduction of highly active drugs, including tretinoin (all- trans-retinoic acid) and arsenic trioxide. It is now possible to treat this disease without the use of traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Today’s clinical guidelines include multiple regimens, some of which continue to use cytotoxic chemotherapy. This leaves the practicing oncologist with multiple treatment options when faced with a new case of APL. In an effort to standardize our approach to the treatment of newly diagnosed APL, we sought to develop a set of treatment recommendations at our institution. We identified eight major controversial issues in the treatment of APL. These controversial issues include the optimal dose and schedule of both all- trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide, the optimal regimen for high-risk APL, the need for intrathecal prophylaxis, the use of prophylactic corticosteroids, and the need for maintenance therapy after consolidation. We reviewed the relevant literature and used the Delphi method among the coauthors to reach consensus for recommendations on the basis of the best available data and our own clinical experience. In this clinical review, we present our consensus recommendations, the reasoning behind them, and the grading of the evidence that supports them.
Avaliação do efeito de yacon em kefir sabor morango
Authors: Moreira Junior Sebastião , Freitas Mariane Laureano Florindo de , Martins Maurilio Lopes , Benevenuto Wellingta Cristina A. Nascimento , Gonçalves Isabella Fiebig , Martins Aurélia Dornelas de Oliveira
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da polpa de yacon em kefir sabor morango nas concentrações de 0, 2, 4 e 6% de yacon e nos tempos 0, 14 e 28 dias de fabricação. Quanto ao número mais provável de coliformes totais e termotolerantes as amostras do tempo 28 dias apresentaram-se conforme a legislação vigente com contagens < 3,0 NMP/g. A contagem de fungos filamentosos e leveduras e bactérias láticas estavam de acordo com a legislação, para leveduras as contagens entre os tratamentos variaram de 104 a 106 UFC/g. As análises físico-químicas também estavam conforme a legislação vigente, para o quesito acidez e pH, os tratamentos variaram de 0,42 a 1,05% de ácido lático a 4,09 a 4,65 respectivamente e na análise de cor foi verificado que a maioria das amostras não se alteraram com o passar do tempo. Produtos adicionados ou não de yacon apresentaram contagens de bactérias láticas entre 8,0 a 9,5 log UFC/g, indicando assim que a adição de yacon não interfere no crescimento desses microrganismos. Este tubérculo não apresentou efeito prebiótico, mas por ter sido comprovado que não influenciou nas contagens de bactérias láticas, o mesmo pode ser uma boa opção para adição ao kefir, com intuito de agregar valor nutricional ao produto, uma vez que é rico em fibras.
Estafilococos coagulase positiva em queijos Minas Frescal produzidos em agroindústrias familiares
Authors: Vinha Mariana Barboza , Pinto Cláudia Lúcia de Oliveira , Chaves José Benício Paes
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar Estafilococos Coagulase Positiva (ECP) em queijos Minas Frescal, produzidos em seis queijarias não inspecionadas, sendo que destas, três delas utilizam leite cru e três utilizam leite pasteurizado. Foram coletadas 78 amostras, sendo 46 (24 na agroindústria e 22 no comércio) produzidas com leite pasteurizado e 32 (15 na agroindústria e 17 no comércio) fabricadas com leite cru. Queijos produzidos com leite pasteurizado apresentaram baixas contagens de ECP (1,0 x 101 a 2,0 x 103 UFC/g) e menor percentual de amostras não conformes (6,5%), as quais podem ser justificas por contaminações pós-pasteurização, decorrente de falhas higiênico-sanitárias durante a fabricação e comercialização do produto. Queijos fabricados com leite cru apresentaram maior contaminação (6,0 x 102 a 3,6 x 106 UFC/g) e maior percentual de amostras não conformes (75,0%), podendo estas serem atribuídas à contaminação da matéria-prima. Queijos informais são potencialmente capazes de causar gastroenterite e oferecem risco à saúde pública. Agroindústrias familiares devem cumprir as exigências sanitárias a fim de oferecer produtos seguros aos consumidores, evitar surtos, regularizar a produção e ampliar a comercialização, proporcionando o desenvolvimento e consolidação desta importante atividade no meio rural.
Differential effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling under cadmium and lead stress
Authors: Pal Amit Kumar , Chakraborty Arpita , Sengupta Chandan
Published: November 2018

Rapidly increasing worldwide industrialization has led to many environmental problems by the liberation of pollutants such as heavy metals. Day by day increasing metal contamination in soil and water can be best coped by the interaction of potential plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for plant growth. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) treatment on growth of chilli plant subjected to heavy metal stress was evaluated. Growth of chilli plant was examined with inoculation of two isolated PGPR (Lysinibacillus varians and Pseudomonas putida) under cadmium (30 ppm), lead (150 ppm) and the combination of heavy metal (Cd+Pb) stress condition. Among these two bacteria L. varians produced slightly better plant growth enhancement. Different growth parameters of chilli plants were reduced under heavy metal stress. Whereas, Cd and Pb tolerant PGPR inoculation, in root associated soil, enhanced plant growth development under test heavy metal contaminated soil. So, these PGPRs may easily be used as bio-fertilizers which will nullify the adverse effect of heavy metal on plant growth.
5-Bromo-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamides as new potent antibacterial agents
Authors: Mane Yogesh D. , Patil Smita S. , Biradar Dhanraj O. , Khade Bhimrao C.
Published: November 2018

Ten 5-bromoindole-2-carboxamides were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antibacterial activity against pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella Typhi using gentamicin and ciprofloxacin as internal standards. Compounds 7a–c, 7g and 7h exhibit high antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.35–1.25 μg/mL. Compounds 7a–c exhibit antibacterial activities that are higher than those of the standards against E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
Multiple values and unicity problem of meromorphic mappings sharing different families of moving hyperplanes
Authors: Ha Huong Giang , Nguyen Thi Nhung
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this paper is to deal with the multiple values and unicity problem of meromorphic mappings of

ℂ
m

{\mathbb{C}^{m}}

into

ℙ
n

⁢

(
ℂ
)

{\mathbb{P}^{n}(\mathbb{C})}

sharing different families of moving hyperplanes with a small identity set. We prove several uniqueness theorems for meromorphic mappings, which extend and improve some recent results.
Roles of the exon junction complex components in the central nervous system: a mini review
Authors: Bartkowska Katarzyna , Tepper Beata , Turlejski Kris , Djavadian Ruzanna L.
Published: November 2018

The exon junction complex (EJC) consists of four core proteins: Magoh, RNA-binding motif 8A (Rbm8a, also known as Y14), eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3, also known as DDX48), and metastatic lymph node 51 (MLN51, also known as Casc3 or Barentsz), which are involved in the regulation of many processes occurring between gene transcription and protein translation. Its main role is to assemble into spliceosomes at the exon-exon junction of mRNA during splicing. It is, therefore, a range of functions concerning post-splicing events such as mRNA translocation, translation, and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Apart from this, proteins of the EJC control the splicing of specific pre-mRNAs, for example, splicing of the mapk transcript. Recent studies support essential functions of EJC proteins in oocytes and, after fertilization, in all stages of zygote development, as well as the growth of the embryo, including the development of the nervous system. During the development of the central nervous system (CNS), the EJC controls mitosis, regulating both symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions. Reduced levels of EJC components cause microcephaly. In the adult brain, Y14 and eIF4A3 appear to be involved in synaptic plasticity and in learning and memory. In this review, we focus on the involvement of EJC components in brain development and its functioning under normal conditions.
Three-Dimensional Instability of Opposite Polarity Nonthermal Dusty Plasma
Authors: El-Shewy E.K. , Zaghbeer S.K. , El-Rahman A.A.
Published: November 2018

Nonlinearity properties of obliquely wave propagation and instability in collisionless magnetized nonthermal dusty plasmas containing fluid of negative-positive grains are investigated. Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation is obtained and the three-dimensional wave instability is studied. The parameters such as polarity charge ratio, cyclotron frequency and fast nonthermal effectiveness of the instability properties and growth rate are theoretically studied. It is found that both positive and negative soliton profiles are formed depending on the fraction ratio of electron-ion nonthermality. Also, the growth rate was dependent nonlinearly on the direction cosines, the cyclotron frequency and the positive (negative) grain charge ratio, but independent of the fractional ratio of electron-ion nonthermality. Present discussion may be very significant regarding the observations of nonlinear phenomena in space.
A Density Functional Theory Study on the Structures and Electronic Properties of XAl

n

(X = Br, I; n = 3–15) Clusters
Authors: Hui Ming , Zhao Qing-Huai , Wang Zhi-Peng , Zhang Shuai , Li Gen-Quan
Published: November 2018

The effects of halogen element X (X = Br, I) doping on the geometrical structures and electronic properties of neutral aluminium clusters are systematically studied by utilising the density functional theory calculations. The structures of X-doped clusters show the three-dimensional forms with increasing atomic number except for n = 3 and X (X = Br, I) atom prefer to occupy the surface site of the host Al
n
clusters. BrAl7 and IAl7 clusters are the most stable geometries. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap and chemical hardness show an odd–even alternative phenomenon. The charges always transfer from the Al atoms to the X (X = Br, I) atom. Finally, the dipole and polarisability are discussed.
Space-time from Collapse of the Wave-function
Authors: Singh Tejinder P.
Published: November 2018

We propose that space-time results from collapse of the wave function of macroscopic objects, in quantum dynamics. We first argue that there ought to exist a formulation of quantum theory which does not refer to classical time. We then propose such a formulation by invoking an operator Minkowski space-time on the Hilbert space. We suggest relativistic spontaneous localisation as the mechanism for recovering classical space-time from the underlying theory. Quantum interference in time could be one possible signature for operator time, and in fact may have been already observed in the laboratory, on attosecond time scales. A possible prediction of our work seems to be that interference in time will not be seen for ‘time slit’ separations significantly larger than 100 attosecond, if the ideas of operator time and relativistic spontaneous localisation are correct.
En torno al marcador de topicalización respecto: variantes y uso en sincronía
Authors: Pons Rodríguez Lola
Published: November 2018

This paper provides a description of the use in Spanish of the discourse particle respecto as a topicalizer. Although it has undergone complete grammaticalization from Latin in Spanish it appears in many forms. The distribution of the different forms involved is analysed using synchronic data from the CREA corpus and other lexicographical evidence.
Operatori di definizione per le glosse della trattatistica in volgare (secc. XIII–XIV)
Authors: Librandi Rita
Published: November 2018

The article analyzes the way to introduce glosses in the vernacular treatises and it therefore concentrates both on Tuscan texts of the 13th and 14th centuries dealing with astronomy, physics, natural philosophy, moral and religious arguments and on the comments of Latin and vernacular works. Corpus OVI database (www.ovi.cnr.it) was used for text search. The study focuses on the connectors between the definiéndum and the defìniens and then deals with the particles or expressions that introduce a gloss and that we have named definition operators. Three operators in particular are used systematically in the vernacular treatises: cioè, tanto è a dire quanto e non è altro che. Cioè introduces a gloss that either simplifies the term being glossed, or provides a variant that facilitates the reader’s comprehension. Whereas tanto è a dire quanto is employed to define loan words from Latin, Greek, Arabic, sometimes even from French, namely terms external to the vernacular language in which the author is writing, while non è altro che introduces a definition based on authority, an undisputable truth, or one that is believed to be undisputable. The constancy and the frequency with which we find especially the last two operators (tanto è a dire quanto and non è altro che) in the genre of texts analyzed make us think of ways followed with awareness by authors, commentators and translators and easily recognized by readers.
Ital. meno male
Authors: Serianni Luca
Published: November 2018

The Italian locution meno male is widely used in several usages to express relief or to asseverate ironically. It appears in the 16th century in the now obsolete form manco male and becomes widespread since Goldoni (1707–1793). It has very few cognates in the other European languages; the Sp. menos mal, although very close in form and meaning, must nevertheless be interpreted as an independent formation.
Comparative evaluation of platelet rich plasma in socket healing and bone regeneration after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars
Authors: Bhujbal Ravi , A Malik Neelima , Kumar Nilesh , KV Suresh , I Parkar Mushtaq , MB Jeevan
Published: November 2018

Background. Surgical removal of mandibular third molars results in pain, swelling and bony defects, causing prolonged postoperative recovery. The growth factors present in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can accelerate the healing, thereby shortening postoperative recovery period. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of PRP in postoperative socket healing, pain, swelling and bone regeneration following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Methods. The present case‒control study was conducted on 20 patients with identical bilateral mandibular third molar impaction. PRP was placed randomly on one side of 3rd molar extraction socket and the contralateral side was used as control. Evaluation of soft tissue healing, pain, swelling and radiologic bone density was carried out. Results. Soft tissue healing was better in the PRP compared to the control site. Immediate postoperative assessment of pain scores showed no significant difference between the two groups (Mann-Whitney U test). On the 7th day, pain scores were lower in case site compared to the control site. Measurement of swelling on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day showed statistically significant differences between the case and control sites (P<0.0001). Postoperative mean bone density at the 3rd and 6th postoperative months was significantly higher in the case site compared to the control site (P=0.00001). Conclusion. The results showed an improvement in wound healing and swelling and an increase in the bone density at PRP site. The growth factors in PRP would improve the hard and soft tissue healing 3 months after molar surgery.
Comparison of sedative effects of oral midazolam/chloral hydrate and midazolam/promethazine in pediatric dentistry
Authors: Mehran Majid , Ansari Ghassem , Vahid Golpayegani Mojtaba , Shayeghi Shahnaz , Shafiei Leila
Published: November 2018

Background. The aim of this investigation was to compare the sedative effects of oral midazolam/chloral hydrate and midazolam/promethazine combinations on fearful children needing dental treatment. Methods. This crossover double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 30 children aged 2‒6 years, who had at least two similar teeth needing pulp treatment. Standard vital signs were recorded before and after premedication. Wilson sedation scale was used to judge the level of sedation. Cases were divided into two groups based on the sequence of medication received. This was to overcome the sequence effect. Group I received oral midazolam (0.4 mg/kg/chloral hydrate (50 mg/kg) at the first visit while they received midazolam (0.4 mg/kg)/promethazine (5 mg/kg) in their second visit. Group II received the premedication in the opposite sequence. The operator and child were blinded to the medication administered. Sedative efficacy of the two combinations were assessed and judged by two independent pediatric dentists based on the Wilson scale. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and paired t-test. Results. Only 10% of children who received chloral hydrate with midazolam exhibited high improvement in their behavior while 53% showed reasonable positive changes and 12% had no change or even deterioration of behavior. The difference between the effect of the two combination drugs was statistically significant (P<0.05) in favor of the chloral hydrate group. Conclusion. The results showed a significant difference in the sedation level induced between the two groups. Midazolam/chloral hydrate combination more effectively improved the co-operation for dental treatment.
Hammer Time: The Publicii Malleoli Between Cult and Cultural History
Authors: Padilla Peralta Dan-el
Published: November 2018

This article studies the adoption of the nickname Malleolus (“little hammer”) by members of the gens Publicia in mid-republican Rome to illustrate the importance of grounding cultural history in the lives of seemingly minor political players and the mundane objects with which they came to be associated. After reviewing the occupational significance of hammers during the First Punic War (Part I), I scrutinize the ritual and cultic intersignifications of hammers in fourth- and third-century BCE central Italy (II) in order to set up a comprehensive reconstruction of the social and semiotic networks that structured and mediated the dedication of a temple to the goddess Flora by the brothers Publicii Malleoli at a time of internal political crisis and external conflict (III). Central to the political and intercultural contests of mid-republican Rome was the generative force of the polyvalent and object-centered cognomen in establishing and promoting individual and collective identities.
Indigenous Food Frontiers in the Early American West
Authors: Zappia Natale
Published: November 2018

This article explores Indigenous food exchange patterns prior to Afroeurasian colonization and continuing today. It calls for the application of historical inquiry into early foodways—production, consumption, exchange, ecological adaptation—in the quest for solutions to looming global challenges of food justice, climate change, health, population, etc.
The Crags Country Club
Authors: Liss Gary
Published: November 2018

The core land holdings of today’s Malibu Creek State Park were acquired and protected by a private country club (1910–1946) made up of some of Los Angeles’s key leaders. In that beautiful natural setting they and their families socialized and relaxed. The values they shared ensured the conservation of the club site, shaped the city’s infrastructure and institutions, and extended to the early motion picture industry.
Antitumor effects of β-elemene via targeting the phosphorylation of insulin receptor
Authors: Wu Dawei , Lv Dongwei , Zhang Ting , Guo Lianying , Ma Fangli , Zhang Caihua , Lv Guofeng , Huang Lin
Published: November 2018

Ewing sarcoma family tumors (ESFTs) are a group of aggressive and highly metastatic tumors lacking efficient therapies. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) blockade is one of the most efficient targeting therapy for ESFTs. However, the appliance is obstructed by drug resistance and disease recurrence due to the activation of insulin receptor (IR) signaling induced by IGF1R blockade. Herein β-elemene, a compound derived from natural plants, exhibited a remarkable proliferation repression on ESFT cells, which was weakened by a caspase inhibitor Z-VAD. β-elemene in combination with IGF1R inhibitors enhanced markedly the repression on cellular proliferation and mTOR activation by IGF1R inhibitors and suppressed the PI3K phosphorylation induced by IGF1R inhibitors. To investigate the mechanisms, we focused on the effects of β-elemene on IR signaling pathway. β-elemene significantly suppressed the insulin-driven cell growth and the activation of mTOR and PI3K in tumor cells, while the toxicity to normal hepatocytes was much lower. Further, the phosphorylation of IR was found to be suppressed notably by β-elemene specifically in tumor cells other than normal hepatocytes. In addition, β-elemene inhibited the growth of ESFT xenografts in vivo, and the phosphorylation of IR and S6 ribosomal protein was significantly repressed in the β-elemene-treated xenografts. These data suggest that β-elemene targets IR phosphorylation to inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells specifically and enhance the effects of IGF1R inhibitors. Thus, this study provides evidence for novel approaches by β-elemene alone or in combination with IGF1R blockades in ESFTs and IR signaling hyperactivated tumors.
The Transcriptional Regulator Hbx1 Affects the Expression of Thousands of Genes in the Aflatoxin-Producing FungusAspergillus flavus
Authors: Cary Jeffrey W , Entwistle Sarah , Satterlee Timothy , Mack Brian M , Gilbert Matthew K , Chang Perng K , Scharfenstein Leslie , Yin Yanbin , Calvo Ana M
Published: November 2018

In filamentous fungi, homeobox proteins are conserved transcriptional regulators described to control conidiogenesis and fruiting body formation. Eight homeobox (hbx) genes are found in the genome of the aflatoxin-producing ascomycete, Aspergillus flavus. While loss-of-function of seven of the eight genes had little to no effect on fungal growth and development, disruption of hbx1, resulted in aconidial colonies and lack of sclerotial production. Furthermore, the hbx1 mutant was unable to produce aflatoxins B1 and B2, cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem. In the present study, hbx1 transcriptome analysis revealed that hbx1 has a broad effect on A. flavus gene expression, and the effect of hbx1 increases overtime, impacting more than five thousand protein-coding genes. Among the affected genes, those in the category of secondary metabolism (SM), followed by that of cellular transport, were the most affected. Specifically, regarding the effect of hbx1 on SM, we found that genes in 44 SM gene clusters where upregulated while 49 were downregulated in the absence of hbx1, including genes in the SM clusters responsible for the synthesis of asparasone, piperazine and aflavarin, all known to be associated with sclerotia. In addition, our study revealed that hbx1 affects the expression of other transcription factor genes involved in development, including the conidiation central regulatory pathway and flb genes.
MRG-1/MRG15 Is a Barrier for Germ Cell to Neuron Reprogramming in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hajduskova Martina , Baytek Gülkiz , Kolundzic Ena , Gosdschan Alexander , Kazmierczak Marlon , Ofenbauer Andreas , Beato del Rosal Maria Lena , Herzog Sergej , ul Fatima Nida , Mertins Philipp , Seelk-Müthel Stefanie , Tursun Baris
Published: November 2018

Chromatin regulators play important roles in the safeguarding of cell identities by opposing the induction of ectopic cell fates and, thereby, preventing forced conversion of cell identities by reprogramming approaches. Our knowledge of chromatin regulators acting as reprogramming barriers in living organisms needs improvement as most studies use tissue culture. We used Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo gene discovery model and automated solid-phase RNA interference screening, by which we identified 10 chromatin-regulating factors that protect cells against ectopic fate induction. Specifically, the chromodomain protein MRG-1 safeguards germ cells against conversion into neurons. MRG-1 is the ortholog of mammalian MRG15 (MORF-related gene on chromosome 15) and is required during germline development in C. elegans. However, MRG-1’s function as a barrier for germ cell reprogramming has not been revealed previously. Here, we further provide protein-protein and genome interactions of MRG-1 to characterize its molecular functions. Conserved chromatin regulators may have similar functions in higher organisms, and therefore, understanding cell fate protection in C. elegans may also help to facilitate reprogramming of human cells.
Risk Stratification of Febrile Infants ≤60 Days Old Without Routine Lumbar Puncture
Authors: Aronson Paul L. , Wang Marie E. , Shapiro Eugene D. , Shah Samir S. , DePorre Adrienne G. , McCulloh Russell J. , Pruitt Christopher M. , Desai Sanyukta , Nigrovic Lise E. , Marble Richard D. , Leazer Rianna C. , Rooholamini Sahar N. , Sartori Laura F. , Balamuth Fran , Woll Christopher , Neuman Mark I. ,   for the Febrile Young Infant Research Collaborative
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate the Rochester and modified Philadelphia criteria for the risk stratification of febrile infants with invasive bacterial infection (IBI) who do not appear ill without routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing.

METHODS:

We performed a case-control study of febrile infants ≤60 days old presenting to 1 of 9 emergency departments from 2011 to 2016. For each infant with IBI (defined as a blood [bacteremia] and/or CSF [bacterial meningitis] culture with growth of a pathogen), controls without IBI were matched by site and date of visit. Infants were excluded if they appeared ill or had a complex chronic condition or if data for any component of the Rochester or modified Philadelphia criteria were missing.

RESULTS:

Overall, 135 infants with IBI (118 [87.4%] with bacteremia without meningitis and 17 [12.6%] with bacterial meningitis) and 249 controls were included. The sensitivity of the modified Philadelphia criteria was higher than that of the Rochester criteria (91.9% vs 81.5%; P = .01), but the specificity was lower (34.5% vs 59.8%; P < .001). Among 67 infants >28 days old with IBI, the sensitivity of both criteria was 83.6%; none of the 11 low-risk infants had bacterial meningitis. Of 68 infants ≤28 days old with IBI, 14 (20.6%) were low risk per the Rochester criteria, and 2 had meningitis.

CONCLUSIONS:

The modified Philadelphia criteria had high sensitivity for IBI without routine CSF testing, and all infants >28 days old with bacterial meningitis were classified as high risk. Because some infants with bacteremia were classified as low risk, infants discharged from the emergency department without CSF testing require close follow-up.
Device-Related Thrombus After Left Atrial Appendage Closure
Authors: Garot Philippe , Cormier Bertrand , Horvilleur Jérôme
Published: November 2018

Although left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has proved non-inferior to oral anticoagulants in patients with AF, there has been recent concern about the occurrence of late complications, especially device-related thrombus (DRT), which was associated with increased risk of stroke. In this article, the incidence, risk factors and time course of DRT after LAAC are discussed, as well as the potential benefits of dedicated strategies in the management of DRT, which remain speculative, especially in patients with a contraindication to oral anticoagulants. In these patients, decision-making should be based on a multidisciplinary evaluation of the ischaemic/bleeding balance on an individual basis.
HIDRODINAMIKA DAN KUALITAS PERAIRAN UNTUK KESESUAIAN PEMBANGUNAN KERAMBA JARING APUNG (KJA) OFFSHORE DI PERAIRAN KENEUKAI, NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM
Authors: Ondara Koko , Adhi Rahmawan Guntur , Jantama Wisha Ulung , Naelul Hasanah Ridwan Nia
Published: November 2018

Perairan Keneukai merupakan salah satu penghasil sumber daya perikanan di Pulau Weh, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Jumlah spesies ikan di perairan tersebut mengalami penurunan dari tahun 2008 hingga 2010. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Loka Riset Sumber Daya dan Kerentanan Pesisir (LRSDKP) pada tahun 2017 mempunyai salah satu tujuan untuk menentukan lokasi yang tepat untuk usaha budidaya perairan Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA) lepas pantai di Perairan Keneukai. Analisis yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis arus, pasang surut, batimetri, serta kualitas perairan. Kecepatan arus di permukaan berkisar antara 0-0,9 m/s. Sementara itu, kecepatan arus dekat dasar berkisar antara 0-0,74 m/s. Profil vertikal arus menunjukkan mekanisme Spiral Ekman yang berpengaruh terhadap distribusi material-mateial organik secara vertikal dan didominasi oleh arus pasang surut. Topografi Perairan Keneukai termasuk landai dengan kedalaman berkisar 0-72 meter dan terdapat perubahan kedalaman yang signifikan di sejumlah area. Hasil analisis perairan untuk parameter Dissolved Oxygent (DO), salinitas, suhu, pH, kecerahan, nitrit, Biological Oxygent Demand (BOD dan amonia menunjukkan bahwa lokasi penelitian layak dan sesuai untuk dijadikan sebagai tempat budidaya KJA. Akan tetapi, hal tersebut tidak berlaku untuk parameter nitrat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan verifikasi lapangan dengan pertimbangan aspek fisik dan keterjangkauan lokasi, maka Perairan Keneukai dapat direkomendasikan untuk pengembangan budidaya keramba jaring apung.
Микроавтобусы и транспортная политика
Authors: Рыжков Александр Юрьевич
Published: November 2018

В статье рассматриваются развитие микроавтобусных пассажирских перевозок и транспортная политика местной власти. Во вводной части описывается история вопроса, приводятся положительные и отрицательные качества микроавтобусных перевозок, представлен обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы. В основной части статьи на примере двух городов — Бишкека (Киргизия) и Махачкалы (Россия) — рассматриваются маршрутные системы общественного транспорта и транспортная политика власти, проводимая в отношении перевозчиков. Выявляется несоответствие доминирующей роли микроавтобусов и пассивной политики власти. В заключительной части приводятся рекомендации по оптимизации транспортной политики и системы регулирования перевозок.
Выбор участков под объекты обращения с твердыми коммунальными отходами на основе пространственного анализа и многофакторной оценки
Authors: Атерекова Анна Владиславовна , Сиваев Сергей Борисович
Published: November 2018

В статье предлагается формализованный подход к выбору мест под объекты обращения с отходами. Методика позволяет обеспечить баланс между устойчивостью экосистемы и экономической эффективностью при создании инфраструктуры сбора, обработки, утилизации, обезвреживания, размещения твердых коммунальных отходов.

Методика базируется на пространственном анализе с применением инструментов геоинформационной системы (ГИС) и многофакторном анализе с применением метода анализа иерархий. На примере Схемы расположения межмуниципальных объектов размещения отходов Нижегородской области была проведена практическая апробация предлагаемой методики1.

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1 Диссертационное исследование в рамках обучения по магистерской программе «Управление простран- ственным развитием городов» Высшей школы урбанистики НИУ «Высшая школа экономики» в 2015 г. (выпускная квалификационная работа на тему «Методика выбора мест под объекты обращения с твердыми бытовыми отходами»).