bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical investigations on flash evaporation of a sessile droplet under reduced pressure
Authors: Hu Weifan , Zhao Yefeng , Zhou Xian , Peng Shuo , Chen Rui , Tian Yuan Si , Li Er Qiang
Published: November 2023

Flash evaporation of droplets under reduced pressures is versatile in industrial applications for its low energy consumption. More vigorous flash explosions may occur by the subsecond expansion of internal bubbles, leading to inefficient heat transfer and facility damage. In this work, we propose using the aerosol with an inherent low thermal conductivity as the substrate to study the flash evaporation of sessile droplets, which reduces the number of nucleate sites and suppresses the flash explosion, in contrast to the pendant one. We experimentally reveal the effect of ambient pressure, initial droplet temperature, and size on droplet temperature evolution and evaporation rate. A revised diffusion coefficient is proposed based on the experimental droplet lifetime with the aid of D2-law, which is utilized in axisymmetric simulations for acquiring the flow field, temperature, and vapor concentration distribution. The analogy between experimental and numerical results has demonstrated the validity of this revision. The interplay of two convection flows aroused by the Marangoni effect and thermal convection is displayed at the early stage of flash evaporation, and the latter is predominant for the rest of evaporation.
Self-sacrifice PbI2 seed layer-assisted crystal growth for improved perovskite thin films for efficient and stable transportation layer-free photodetectors
Authors: Cheng Peiyu , Chen Pengyu , Chen Mingming , Zhang Huimin , Cao Dawei , Wang Quan
Published: November 2023

Recently, the growth of improved perovskite thin films with high crystallinity and low defects has been an important research subject owing to their critical roles in achieving efficient and stable optoelectronic devices. In this work, we introduced a self-sacrifice PbI2 seed layer to prepare improved CH3NH3PbI3 thin films with high crystallinity and reduced defects. It showed that the PbI2 seed layer at the buried interface acted as nuclei and modulated the crystal growth of CH3NH3PbI3, which induced the vertically upward growth of CH3NH3PbI3, resulting in increased sizes of grains and reduced grain boundaries. Further observations verified the suppression of defect and trap states in the obtained CH3NH3PbI3 thin films. On this basis, efficient and stable transportation layer-free Au/CH3NH3PbI3/indium tin oxide photodetectors have been demonstrated, where the responsivity and detectivity are as high as 0.54 A/W and 7.5 × 1012 Jones, respectively, at the bias of 0 V. It is supposed that the self-sacrifice PbI2 seed layer-assisted crystal growth method will find applications in fabricating high-quality and stable perovskite thin film devices in the future.
Effective interactions, structure, and pressure in charge-stabilized colloidal suspensions: Critical assessment of charge renormalization methods
Authors: Brito Mariano E. , Nägele Gerhard , Denton Alan R.
Published: November 2023

Charge-stabilized colloidal suspensions display a rich variety of microstructural and thermodynamic properties, which are determined by electro-steric interactions between all ionic species. The large size asymmetry between molecular-scale microions and colloidal macroions allows the microion degrees of freedom to be integrated out, leading to an effective one-component model of microion-dressed colloidal quasi-particles. For highly charged colloids with strong macroion–microion correlations, nonlinear effects can be incorporated into effective interactions by means of charge renormalization methods. Here, we compare and partially extend several practical mean-field methods of calculating renormalized colloidal interaction parameters, including effective charges and screening constants, as functions of concentration and ionic strength. Within the one-component description, we compute structural and thermodynamic properties from the effective interactions and assess the accuracy of the different methods by comparing predictions with elaborate primitive-model simulations [P. Linse, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 4359 (2000)]. We also compare various prescriptions for the osmotic pressure of suspensions in Donnan equilibrium with a salt ion reservoir and analyze instances where the macroion effective charge becomes larger than the bare one. The methods assessed include single-center cell, jellium, and multi-center mean-field theories. The strengths and weaknesses of the various methods are critically assessed, with the aim of guiding optimal and accurate implementations.
Mapping electronic decoherence pathways in molecules
Authors: Gustin Ignacio , Kim Chang Woo , McCamant David W. , Franco Ignacio
Published: November 2023

Establishing the fundamental chemical principles that govern molecular electronic quantum decoherence has remained an outstanding challenge. Fundamental questions such as how solvent and intramolecular vibrations or chemical functionalization contribute to the decoherence remain unanswered and are beyond the reach of state-of-the-art theoretical and experimental approaches. Here we address this challenge by developing a strategy to isolate electronic decoherence pathways for molecular chromophores immersed in condensed phase environments that enables elucidating how electronic quantum coherence is lost. For this, we first identify resonance Raman spectroscopy as a general experimental method to reconstruct molecular spectral densities with full chemical complexity at room temperature, in solvent, and for fluorescent and non-fluorescent molecules. We then show how to quantitatively capture the decoherence dynamics from the spectral density and identify decoherence pathways by decomposing the overall coherence loss into contributions due to individual molecular vibrations and solvent modes. We illustrate the utility of the strategy by analyzing the electronic decoherence pathways of the DNA base thymine in water. Its electronic coherences decay in

∼

30 fs. The early-time decoherence is determined by intramolecular vibrations while the overall decay by solvent. Chemical substitution of thymine modulates the decoherence with hydrogen-bond interactions of the thymine ring with water leading to the fastest decoherence. Increasing temperature leads to faster decoherence as it enhances the importance of solvent contributions but leaves the early-time decoherence dynamics intact. The developed strategy opens key opportunities to establish the connection between molecular structure and quantum decoherence as needed to develop chemical strategies to rationally modulate it.
Borderless fear?
Authors: Thiele Daniel , Pajnik Mojca , Sauer Birgit , Šori Iztok
Published: November 2023

Studies have highlighted differences between right-wing populism in Western and Central Eastern Europe but
suggested that discourses have been converging since the so-called “refugee crisis” in 2015. This article examines this claim by
focusing on right-wing populist frames and affective communication on migration in Austria and Slovenia. Taking a
communication-centred approach, the study is based on a critical frame analysis of 70 speeches from far-right to centre-right
parties in parliamentary debates on migration between 2015 and 2019. The results show that right-wing populist discourses in the
two adjacent countries have aligned in appealing to affects, particularly to fear and in framing migration as a threat to security
and culture. Despite differences in mobilizing affects, the findings indicate a mutual alignment of right-wing populism beyond
borders, signalling a potential risk of a broader right-wing populist bloc unified by fear of migration.
The raw and the (over)cooked
Authors: Ashby Travis , Lizardo Omar , Stoltz Dustin S. , Wood Michael Lee
Published: November 2023

Researchers have long recognized the role of metaphor in conceptualizing states. We contribute to research on the
conceptualization of state concepts in two ways. First, we identify a not-yet-recognized metaphor system commonly used to
conceptualize states: states are physical qualities. We contend that states are physical qualities is an
elaboration of the image-schematic states are locations metaphor, with a higher degree of specificity, affording
entailments not supported by states are locations. After introducing the physical qualities metaphor system, we examine
the function of states are physical qualities in the social world, finding that people use it to evaluate objects
across many domains. Specifically, there is a significant distinction between two prototypical physical qualities –
processed and unprocessed – used to conceptualize socially salient state differences, with
“cooking” as the prototypical form of processing. Particularly in the domain of aesthetic evaluation, this is seen in the metaphor
authentic is unprocessed. In practical domains such as sports and science, this is seen in the metaphor developed
is processed. In all these cases, the evaluation of people and objects is grounded in the perception of their states,
comprehended as physical qualities.
The Use of Operant Conditioning to Enhance the Management and Welfare of Captive Kingsnakes
Authors: Sinclair Liam
Published: November 2023

Snakes have been kept and bred in captivity for decades very successfully, thanks to their ability to breed in minimalistic conditions. The history of published research in the operant conditioning of snakes and their learning capabilities is well evidenced. Many husbandry practices have been founded upon trial and error, with attitudes and husbandry of captive snakes steadily progressing. However, persistent attitudes towards the cognitive abilities of snakes may be contradictory to scientific literature, and thus directly impact upon the welfare of captive snakes. Recommendations are made here to tackle the problem. The case of captive kingsnakes with previous hyperreactivity and biting was resolved with target training by introducing clear communication to the snake as to when food is present. The snake was classically conditioned to associate the presence of the target with food; the presence of the target predicted food would follow. Once the meaning of the target for the snake was established, the presence of the target always indicated the presence of food. The snake learned activity during regular maintenance was not related to feeding; the absence of the target meant an absence of food. This training resulted in the desired behaviours during feeding and a reduction of the undesired behaviours outside of feeding. Operant conditioning was then used to teach the snake the target meant an opportunity to earn reinforcement contingent upon a shifting behaviour. The shifting behaviour was shaped in this case to remove the need to forcibly handle the snakes in non-emergency situations and to allow the snake to participate in their own care. Teaching cooperative care behaviours using operant conditioning leads to higher welfare states and closer towards “
a life worth living
”.

Information

© The Author 2023
Influencer identification of dynamical networks based on an information entropy dimension reduction method
Authors: Duan 段 Dong-Li 东立 , Ji 纪 Si-Yuan 思源 , Yuan 袁 Zi-Wei 紫薇
Published: November 2023

Identifying critical nodes or sets in large-scale networks is a fundamental scientific problem and one of the key research directions in the fields of data mining and network science when implementing network attacks, defense, repair and control. Traditional methods usually begin from the centrality, node location or the impact on the largest connected component after node destruction, mainly based on the network structure. However, these algorithms do not consider network state changes. We applied a model that combines a random connectivity matrix and minimal low-dimensional structures to represent network connectivity. By using mean field theory and information entropy to calculate node activity, we calculated the overlap between the random parts and fixed low-dimensional parts to quantify the influence of node impact on network state changes and ranked them by importance. We applied this algorithm and the proposed importance algorithm to the overall analysis and stratified analysis of the C. elegans neural network. We observed a change in the critical entropy of the network state and by utilizing the proposed method we can calculate the nodes that indirectly affect muscle cells through neural layers.
Non-local linear response in anomalous transport
Authors: Kundu Anupam
Published: November 2023

The anomalous heat transport observed in low-dimensional classical systems is associated with super-diffusive spreading of the space–time correlation of the conserved fields in the system. This leads to a non-local linear response relation between the heat current and the local temperature gradient in the non-equilibrium steady state. This relation provides a generalization of Fourier’s law of heat transfer and is characterized by a non-local kernel operator related to the fractional operators describing super-diffusion. The kernel is essentially proportional, in an appropriate hydrodynamic scaling limit, to the time integral of the space–time correlations of local currents in equilibrium. In finite-size systems, the time integral of correlation of microscopic currents at different locations over an infinite duration is independent of the locations. On the other hand, the kernel operator is space-dependent. We demonstrate that the resolution of this apparent puzzle becomes evident when we consider an appropriate combination of the limits of a large system size and a long integration time. Our study shows the importance of properly handling these limits, even when dealing with (open) systems connected to reservoirs. In particular, we reveal how to extract the kernel operator from simulated microscopic current–current correlation data. For two model systems exhibiting anomalous transport, we provide a direct and detailed numerical verifications of the kernel operators.
Development of a Common Waste Combustion System for Generating Electricity at Remote Area
Authors: Zaini A. S. Ahmad , Sudin S. , Haris F. Abdul , Khalid N. S. , Saad F. S. Ahmad , Hassan M. K. Ali , Ibrahim I. I.
Published: November 2023

Malaysia’s daily amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) has rapidly increased. This causes the landfills number to increase due to inadequate waste management systems. Apart from that, Malaysia depends on non-renewable resources for electricity generation which could have a significant effect on the environment. Therefore, this study proposed to reduce landfills in Malaysia in a proper way and supply electricity using municipal solid waste as a renewable resource. In this study, the combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW) produces steam, which will rotate a turbine that is connected to a dynamo. Then, the energized dynamo will supply electricity to appliances including a direct current motor. The motor shaft then rotates the dynamo shaft in the pulley system which causes the electricity to flow in a closed loop. In this system, a pressurized container is crucial to produce sufficient steam. Based on the experimental setup, it was observed that continuous electricity was successfully achieved by looping the system using a pulley on the dynamo and motor.
Nutrient Requirements and Growth Response of Harumanis Mango (Mangiferaindica L.) during Vegetative Shoot Growth Stages: A Mitscherlich Law Analysis
Authors: Tan Erdy Sulino Mohd Muslim , Markom Marni Azira Binti , Andrew Allan Melvin , Abdullah Abu Hassan , Rahim Norasmadi Abdul , Saad Fathinul Syahir Ahmad , Nordin Imaduddin Helmi Wan , Abidin Mohd Amri Zainol , Jamil Syahrull Hi-Fi Syam Ahmad , Yogesh C
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the nutrient requirements of Harumanis mango (Mangifera indica L) during different vegetative shoot growth stages by analyzing the soil nutrient test value-relative growth relationships. The research utilizes the Mitscherlich Law to model the response of mango yield in relation to varying nutrient levels. The data came from experimental plots, and the results show the asymptotic behavior of mango yield for three essential nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). For vegetative shoot growth1, the asymptotic yield was estimated at 665.5 with a decline rate of -3.39 concerning N, -2.17 concerning P, and -1.35 concerning K. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.934, indicating a high goodness of fit for the model. Similar trends were observed for vegetative shoot growth2 and 3, where the asymptotic yields and nutrient decline rates varied accordingly. This study provides crucial insights into Harumanis mango nutrient needs across growth stages, aiding orchard management for sustainable yields. Applying the Mitscherlich Law enhances our understanding of how nutrients affect mango growth. These findings support targeted fertilization, boosting productivity and orchard efficiency. Future research can explore more growth factors and long-term nutrient impacts.
A Conceptual Model of Dual-Mode Tomography Technique for Dental Diagnostics: Ultrasound and Light Propagation Analysis.
Authors: Sukor Nur Syafiqah Amirah Ab , Rahalim Fatinah Mohd , Jamaludin Juliza , Malik Normaliza Ab
Published: November 2023

Many advanced imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Ultrasound, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and the most recent, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), have been developed for identifying dental tissues images and detecting changes in early carious lesions. Some modalities use high doses of radiation and energy to obtain more information, which may be harmful to patient’s health. Most early commercial OCTs had drawbacks such as its bulky size and limited image resolution. In order to overcome these concerns, this paper presents a dual-mode tomography technique that combines OCT and ultrasound method using the COMSOL Multiphysics. The application of an ultrasound device helps overcome the limitation of OCT in detecting the penetration depth of a caries lesion. Several simulations were performed to analyse the light and ultrasonic propagated waves with different diameters of carious lesions. In response to this goal, the combination data of OCT and ultrasound provide a 3D image which offers the best approach for displaying and examining changes in the oral cavity.
Performance evaluation of deep learning techniques for human activity recognition system
Authors: Low Kah Sin , Eng Swee Kheng
Published: November 2023

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is crucial in various applications, such as sports and surveillance. This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of a HAR system using deep learning techniques. Features will be extracted using 3DCNN, and classification will be performed using LSTM. Meanwhile, 3DCNN and RNN are two additional, well-known classification techniques that will be applied in order to compare the effectiveness of the three classifiers. The 3DCNN-LSTM approach contributes the highest overall accuracy of 86.57%, followed by 3DCNN-3DCNN and 3DCNN-RNN with the overall accuracy of 86.07% and 79.60%, respectively. Overall, this paper contributes to the field of HAR and provides valuable insights for the development of activity recognition systems.
Development of Harumanis Mango Insidious Fruit Rot (IFR) Detection by Utilising Vibration-Based Sensors and PCA with Random Forest
Authors: Salleh NM , Abdullah AH , Sudin S , Zakaria NS
Published: November 2023

Utilising single or multiple modalities systems, non-destructive techniques have been used to assess and determine the quality of mango (magnifera indica L.). It is challenging to anticipate and varies by cultivar at what harvest maturity stage will result in the optimum postharvest quality. Insidious Fruit Rot (IFR) is a disease that affects mangoes. When infected with Insidious Fruit Rot (IFR), the mango variety Harumanis does not exhibit exterior mutilation at the time of harvest or during the mature stage. However, a lack of density in the sinus area can occasionally be detected. Traditional ways of locating the diseases or pests living in the mango are useless for the commercialization of the product. This research presents the investigation done on IFR infection detection using piezoelectric vibration sensors and electret microphones. Data derived by the sensors were processed using the PCA and Random Forest methods to determine the non-IFR and the mango afflicted with IFR. The proposed approach achieved correct classification and is expected to be useful for planters in detecting IFR correctly before Harumanis mangoes were marketed.
IoT Based Smart Betta Fish Monitoring system with fish fatality prediction.
Authors: Julida N.L , Othman S.M. , Ayob M.N. , Rahim N.Abdul , Kanafiah S.N.A.M. , Azmi M.S. Muhamad , Hashim M.S. Mohamad , Talib M.T.M. , Khalid N.S.
Published: November 2023

This study enlightens the importance of rearing water quality to Betta fish health. A water quality monitoring system was developed based on water quality parameters namely water pH, temperature (°C) and TDS level (ppm). Fuzzy Logic Algorithm was applied to predict the possibility of the fish to get infected by the disease using combination of the water quality parameters value. Graphical User Interface (GUI) was developed to test the efficiency of the fish disease prediction system using fuzzy logic algorithm before the fuzzy rule been embedded to the IOT system. Arduino Uno Wi-Fi R2.0 and Blynk Apps used for enabling the system to update the aquarium water quality to owner in real-time. Hydroponic technology implemented in this project for recirculate rearing water inside the fish tank. Theoretically, the aquaponic system will help regulate the water tank parameters in optimum range and Betta Splendens should be free from all diseases.
Algorithm development for Vehicle-To-Vehicle (V2V) communication
Authors: Radman M A Y , Ayob M N , Hasim M S M , Ismail A H , Azmi M S Muhamad , Hassrizal H B
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the development of an algorithm for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication, a crucial technology in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that holds significant potential for enhancing road safety and traffic efficiency. One of the most common types of vehicle collisions occurs at intersections, particularly those without traffic lights. This study focuses on creating a V2V algorithm designed to prevent collisions in such scenarios. The findings were presented through visual simulations that depict various scenarios involving vehicles approaching an intersection. The algorithm follows a two-step process: Firstly, it utilizes Dedicated Short-Range Communication Systems (DSRCS) to accurately estimate the distance between vehicles. Leveraging this distance information, the algorithm dynamically adjusts the speed of each vehicle. The algorithm’s performance is assessed using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), which enables a comprehensive evaluation of its reliability and efficiency in V2V communication. The algorithm demonstrates notable enhancements in the reliability and efficiency of V2V communication. This paper serves as a validation of the feasibility of developing more advanced V2V communication algorithm and potentially making significant contributions to the advancement of ITS.
Validation of Electrical Noise of a DC Motor through Controlled Varistor Cracking: An Experimental Study
Authors: Rudzuan M N , Zainudin G , Nooriman W M , Sofi Y , Nordiana S , Norlaili S , Abdul Shukor S A , Zuradzman M R
Published: November 2023

The varistor is an electronic component that protects the DC motor’s circuitry from electrical noise or transients that can cause damage. It works as a voltage-dependent resistor that can change its resistance according to the applied voltage. Once the voltage surpasses a specific threshold, the varistor conducts and directs the excess voltage away from the motor’s circuitry. In small DC motor manufacturing, ring varistors are vital for reducing electrical noise, minimizing spark-induced damage to the commutator and brush, and extending the motor’s lifespan. Additionally, they prevent damage to electronic parts in the customer’s mechanism set. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of varistor cracks or chips that may occur during the soldering process of varistors to the commutator. To confirm the occurrence of cracks or chips, intentional damage will be inflicted on the varistors. The study aims to determine how the presence of cracked or chipped varistors affects the electrical noise produced by a DC motor during its operation. The resulting spark was observed through an oscilloscope, and it was found that the effect could be substantial, up to 5 to 10 times the rated voltage supplied to the motor. In the next phase of this study, further tests will be conducted on motors without varistors to provide a comparison.
Data Collection Pipeline for Big Interior Registration and Modelling using 3D Sensor
Authors: Ismail F A , Nathan R K Arumai , Shukor S A A , Johari Jalal
Published: November 2023

This paper highlights on the analysis of several data collection pipeline for big interior using Structure sensor. Data of big, large interior, collected by 3D sensors such as Structure sensor is very crucial and important as it could be used to develop 3D as-built model, where the model can be utilized for various purposes like maintenance, management as well as renovation work. However, collecting data of big interiors can be challenging as the outcome of the 3D model can be less accurate due to dimensions of the big interior which surpasses the range of the sensor. Thus, there is a need to have a proper planning when collecting 3D data representing big interior, especially rooms with clutter and occlusion due to furniture and equipment. This project concentrates on developing and testing suitable pipeline in collecting data representing big interior using Structure sensor. Three different methods were proposed, tested and analysed, where the interior is modelled using MeshLab. Results show that Method Two, which is wall by wall approach, is the most suitable among the other pipeline proposed. Thus, this method can be utilized by professionals and experts when using 3D sensors like Structure sensor in collecting big, large interior data.
3D Reconstruction of embedded object using ground penetrating radar
Authors: Fadil Nur Dina , Ali Hasimah , Zaidi Ahmad Firdaus Ahmad , Kamal Wan Hamirul Bahri Wan , Basri Nurin Amni Mohd
Published: November 2023

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a non-destructive device widely used to locate and map underground utilities such as pipes, cables, etc. Its principle is based on the reflection signal of a transmitter-receiver antenna that strikes underground objects by means of the propagation of a short pulse of electromagnetic waves into the ground. The GPR will produce a hyperbolic curve as a result of the object’s presence. Accurate interpretation of hyperbola curves is greatly important and highly depends on user expertise; thus, it is considered a challenge. To address this issue, this study aims to develop 3D reconstructions of embedded objects. In this study, C-scan images were acquired, and 3D interpolation and the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) were introduced. In this framework, the acquired data is subjected to pre-processing techniques via time-zero correction, background removal using average background subtraction, and Kirchoff’s migration method. The software Reflex 3D Scan has been used to analyse and preprocess the 3D reconstruction of embedded objects. The obtained results show that 3D interpolation and SAFT methods are not only able to reconstruct 3D models but are also able to reveal information on the dimension and location of the buried object represented by voxel points in the 3D space cube.
Analysis of Signals from Air Conditioner Compressors with Ordinal Patterns
Authors: Costa Keila B. , Frery Alejandro C.
Published: November 2023

Most machines have devices that monitor their operation. In particular, air conditioners are routinely monitored through several measurements. A desirable outcome of such monitoring is identifying when the device will likely require maintenance. We present the use of Ordinal Patterns, a symbolic transformation of time series, that enables the visual assessment of the type of operation. We juxtapose two machines in different operational conditions, from which six variables are measured. We analyze the expressiveness of these measurements and identify those that best separate the two machines. The technique is visually appealing because it outputs points in a plane whose position reveals hidden dynamics.
Performance Evaluation of Different Devices and Algorithms for Modelling Small Artefact
Authors: Tazudin H , Shukor S A A , Johari J
Published: November 2023

3D reconstruction and modelling play important roles in various applications, specifically in heritage preservation. With the aid of suitable hardware like the 3D sensors as well as respective data processing methods, the work has become more feasible in realizing the aim to conserve and preserve more artefacts. However, too many choices and alternatives might lead to different results which may affecting the preservation purpose. The objective of this work is to analyze and evaluate the performance of different devices and algorithms for small artefact modelling. Two 3D sensors, iPhone 13 Pro Max LiDAR and Structure sensor were selected to collect data of small artefact to be reconstructed and modelled. Two main, important surface reconstruction algorithms which are Poisson and Ball-Pivoting methods were also selected to be tested. Specifications of the sensors’ capabilities as well as modelling results of the artefact are examined. Different parameters of the algorithms were selected to study their effect. These findings will help to learn more about 3D sensors and the suitable modelling methods in making them better for usage in a variety of areas, including archaeology, architecture, and the protection of cultural heritage.
Design and Development of Cascaded Current Control in DC Motor Variable Speed Drive using dSPACE
Authors: Ahmad Firdaus A Z , Davendren T , Azmi S A , Hwai Leong Jenn , Kamarudin Kamarulzaman , Hassan Azlini , Ali Hasimah , Azalan Mohd Shuhanaz Zanar , Mamat Normahira
Published: November 2023

Even today, DC motors are still used in variety of applications, including home appliances, transportation, as well as industrial crane and rolling machine. However, achieving precise speed and torque control in DC drives at industry level could be challenging, as instability and reduced efficiency remains at large. This project focuses on developing a cascaded control system for a Separately Excited Brushed DC motor using dSPACE platform. The cascaded control system, designed using MATLAB Simulink, incorporates a proportional-integral (PI) controller at the speed loop and a Hysteresis controller at the current loop to improve robustness and dynamic performance. The experimental setup utilizes the dSPACE 1104 platform, an asymmetric bridge converter board, gate driver, and electrical load. Speed measurement is done using an incremental encoder, while current is measured using the ACS712 current sensor. The drive system was tested in alternate low and high speed cycle on various load level to test for stability, robustness and dynamic performance. The proposed control system was compared with PI-closed-loop control and open-loop control determine the best drive performance. Experimental results showed significant improvement in term of transient response and ripple reduction of speed and current for proposed cascaded current control over the closed-loop design.
Reproductive biology of endemic sailfin silversides fish Telmatherina antoniae Kottelat, 1991 in Matano Lake, South Sulawesi
Authors: Agustini S A P D K , Kamal M M , Mashar A , Sulistiono  , Chadijah A
Published: November 2023

Sailfin silversides (Telmatherina antoniae) is an endemic species from Matano Lake, South Sulawesi. This study aims to learn about sailfin silversides’ reproductive aspects including sex ratio, length at first maturity, gonad maturity stage, gonad maturity index, fecundity, and egg diameter. Fish samples were taken using multifilament nets from March 2018 until February 2019. A total of 1,792 individuals fish comprises 922 males and 870 females were captured during the study period. The sex ratio was found in a balanced condition with 1.06:1. Length at first maturity for males and females were 48.08-57.73 mm and 56.78-68.55 mm, respectively. Based on sailfin silversides’ gonad maturity stage and maturity index are thought to be year-round spawning with a peak spawning season around March. The reproductive potential of sailfin silversides fish is estimated to be 179–1,690 eggs. Based on the egg diameter distribution, the sailfin silversides fish is classified as a partial spawner.
Oral supplementation of low alginate dose in diet stimulates immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei at concrete circle pond mass culture
Authors: Yudiati E , Widiasa I N , Sunaryo S , Ridhuwan R , Tadeus D Y , Arifin Z , Mangkusasmito F , Sugiyanto S , Setyawan D A
Published: November 2023

Litopenaeus vannamei is popular due to its ability to grow in different scales of rearing as a valuable export product. This research aimed to define the impact of alginate diet supplementation in a low dose as an immunostimulant strengthens the non-specific immunity of shrimps. The study was conducted in 20 tons concrete circle ponds with two treatments at the density of 400 ind.m-2. First, there were control A and B, and secondly, there was the addition of 1.0 g alginate in 1.0 kg of feed namely alginate 1.0 g kg-1 (A and B). Shrimps were reared for 30 days, and the non-specific immune parameters were assessed on 22 and 30 days of rearing. The parameters covered in this study were THC (total count of hemocyte), PA (activity of phagocytosis), PI (index of phagocytosis), PO (phenol-oxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and LYZ (lysozyme) activity. Results showed that the THC/PA/PO, and LYZ enzyme activity of sodium alginate treatments were higher than the control (p<0.05), though the PI, SOD, and weight gain at the end of the experiment have not shown any differences. It is concluded that the supplementation of alginate at 1.0 g kg-1 enables to increase in the shrimps’ immune system and this application is projected to be useful in terms of blocking out the large-scale application of immunostimulants in ponds.
Impact of predigestion feed on the growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Pradani A N , Wildan D M , Sulistiono  , Affandi R
Published: November 2023

The addition of simplified feed or predigestion feed is one of the alternative solutions in helping the process of utilizing feed by tilapia seeds with incomplete digestive tract conditions or limited secretion of digestive enzymes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of predigestion feed on the growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with treatments in the form of differences in pancreatic enzyme concentrations (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) with 3 replications each. Parameters observed include the coefficient of diversity, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed efficiency. The results of this study showed that the lowest coefficient of diversity, the highest specific growth rate, and the highest feed efficiency were owned by the 9% treatment with a value of 16.07%, 4.95 %/day, and 84.02%, respectively. Provision of predigestion feed on tilapia fry significantly affected the growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Provision of predigestion feed with an enzyme concentration of 9% gave optimal results.
Irrelationship between live coral cover and reef fish: an interim study of marine habitat dynamic on Mandangin Islands
Authors: Prabowo B , Bramandito A , Darus R F , Rikardi N , Rasyid N , Kurniawan F , Christian Y , Afandy A
Published: November 2023

Most coral reef ecosystems with high coverage of living coral would escalate the reef fish abundance and species richness as one of the correlatable communities to the coral reef. However, reef fish could only utilize one of the coral reef ecosystems to provide to the reef fish community that still withstand and adapt to those conditions. This study aims to assess the coral reef ecosystem quality on Mandangin Islands and the correlation between the benthic substrate to the reef fish structure. Coral reef ecosystem was assessed using Line Intercept Transect and Underwater Visual Census. A linear model or regression analysis was built to identify the key predictors driving factor in the ecosystem. Rock, Sand, and Rubble are the highest benthic substrate around Mandangin Islands. Reef fish have a high abundance along the observation site with exhaustive trophic level, high major functional group, broad bodied size with high abundance small to moderate bodied-size. Rock has a positive correlation to reef fish abundance; Sand has possibilities to escalate species richness, whereas live coral negatively correlates to reef fish. Historically Mandangin Islands contained a healthy coral reef ecosystem that degraded after years, yet reef fish withstand and adapt to the Mandangin Islands’ degraded coral reef ecosystems. Rock is coral that loses several of its function, especially as direct nourishment. This study showed that reef fish should be considered as one of the primary data to strengthen the decision-making of Integrated Coastal Management and Oil Spill Contingency Plans by the Oil and Gas Company.
Location assessment for coral reef transplantation program in Karawang Waters, Indonesia
Authors: Zuhri M I , Mawardi W , Hascaryo B , Permatasari P A , Handayani L D W , Amalo L F , Putra M D , Munggaran G , Darmawangsa P N
Published: November 2023

Environmental degradation caused by anthropogenic activities and climate change has an impact on the habitat of organisms and biodiversity. Coral reefs are one of the sensitive ecosystems that are strongly influenced by environmental changes. Poor environmental conditions in the Java Sea and global warming are the main factors that affect the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems in Karawang waters. Coral reef transplantation is a method that has long been used to revitalize coral reef ecosystems. This study aims to assess the ideal location used for coral reef transplantation program in Karawang Waters. Through a field survey, the percentage of coral reef cover, dead coral, hard coral, algae, and biotic and abiotic components at several sampling points in 2019 to 2022 was obtained. The sampling location with the poor conditions are considered to be used as transplant locations. Based on analysis result, only 1 out of 3 locations that are suitable to be used as locations for coral reef transplantation programs.
Physico-chemical properties and pollution status of the rivers at Konaweha watershed, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Aisyah S , Santoso A B , Apip  , Wibowo H , Verawati D
Published: November 2023

The Lasolo - Konaweha watershed is a river area in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is a source of water for various sectors including irrigation and non-irrigation needs, and functions as a source of drinking water for several communities and industries. However, population growth and human activities have led to water quality degradation in the area. Many methods of determining water quality status have been developed, one of them is the pollution index (PI) method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of physico-chemical and determine the pollution status of the Lasolo – Konaweha watershed. The study utilized secondary data from the Hydrology and Water Quality Unit of the Sulawesi IV River Basin Center in Kendari, collected in 2020. The water quality data were analyzed according to the Government Regulations of Republic Indonesia No. 22 of 2021, and the pollution status was determined using the pollution index (PI) method. The water quality data were compared spatiotemporally using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study found that several parameters were outside the water quality standards, including pH, total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), methylene blue active substances (MBAS), and phenol. These parameters indicated a moderate to heavily polluted status for the Lasolo - Konaweha watershed. The study also found a strong correlation between water discharge and conductivity.
Community local awareness in respecting coastal land conservation in Cemara Labat Village of Central Kalimantan
Authors: Tito M , Ludang Y , Sidauruk S , Sunaryati R
Published: November 2023

Utilization of coastal land in the community of Cemara Labat Village has been passed down from generation to generation. The people of Cemara Labat Village still maintain the tradition of coastal land management, such as planting certain types of mangroves, prohibiting cutting down mangrove forests and hunting animals which are regulated in unwritten customary law or local wisdom. Utilization of coastal area resources by humans from time to time continues to increase. The intensity of exploiting the potential of coastal areas resources often does not pay attention to the carrying capacity and principles of optimal and sustainable use of natural resources. Therefore, the mangrove forest ecosystem in Cemara Labat Village needs to be preserved both ecologically and biologically with an awareness approach to local wisdom. The results showed that Avicennia marina species had a very high dominance (80%) in the mangrove forest area of Cemara Labat Village, for animal especially in the mangrove forest area, was bird dominant species (Aves), while the level of community participation in mangrove forest conservation was moderate (75%).
Characteristics of the aquatic environment as a basis for brackish water pond development in the Padang Pariaman regency area, Indonesia
Authors: Firdaus M , Sulistiono  , Widigdo B
Published: November 2023

The coast of Padang Pariaman Regency is one of the shrimp productions centra area in West Sumatera Province. This study aims to show water conditions in aquaculture areas for vanname shrimp pond. Carried out every month through insitu and exsitu water sampling and analysis in 6 locations from May-July 2022. Observations were made on water physical-chemistry parameters (temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen-DO, COD, ammonia, TSS and phosphate). Data were analyzed descriptively, compared with environmental quality standards for biota based on decree of Government Number 22 of 2021. Based on the analysis, it is known that the range (and standard deviation) of water quality varies, namely temperature 26.7-33.5 °C (29.79±1.93 °C), pH 7.37-8.8 (7.86±0.31), salinity 25-36 ‰ (29.83±2.94 ‰), DO 6.01-8.90 mg/l (7.70±0.99 mg/l), ammonia 0.01-3.25 mg/l (1.65±0.91 mg/l), phosphate 0.03-0.33 mg/l (0.18±0.09 mg/l), TSS 2.03-14.46 mg/l (4.49±3.32 mg/l), and COD 17.6-88.0 mg/l (54.76± 21.25 mg/l). Based on the observations, it can be concluded with the condition of the brackish pond waters is good for the development of vanname shrimp aquaculture.
Macro-microscopic evidence of pest, diseases and coexistence of microplastics in Avicennia marina leaves from Mangunharjo Village, Tugu District, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sibero M T , Pribadi R , Setyati W A
Published: November 2023

There are enormous organisms that live depending on the mangrove ecosystem due to its important ecological services. However, their sustainability is threatened by the presence of diseases and pests. This study aimed to provide macro-microscopic evidence of diseases and pest infestation in Avicennia marina in Mangunharjo village, Tugu District, Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia. During the survey, several trees had galls and symptoms of diseases on the leaves. Interestingly, we also found unidentified objects that were suggested as microplastic on the surface and inside of the leaves.
Climate variable relate biological respond of tropical fish: A review from small scale fisheries in Sunda Strait
Authors: Yonvitner  , Yuliana E , Meichandri S , Kurnia R , Boer M , Setyobudiandi I
Published: November 2023

The issue of climate change is currently one of the crucial issues in fisheries management to ensure potential threats and their sustainability. Various approaches have been made, one of which is by looking at the influence of the population biology parameters such as the percentage of gonad maturity, the change from the length at first maturity (Lm50), and the first length of the first capture (Lc50)and growth rate (k). The research conducted from the Sunda Strait sea collected data from 2011, 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2019. The fish species whose biological data were analyzed were turmeric, kurisi and swanggi fish. The analysis performed was the size when 50 percent reached gonad maturity (Lm50), and the size of 50 percent of the fish caught (Lc50), the percentage of fish at the gonad maturity stage (TKG3-4). Annual trend analysis and linear regression determine the relationship between year temperature parameters and Lm, Lc, and the percentage of fish to be fully cooked gonads. The analysis results showed a fluctuation of Lm50, Lc50 in both male and female kurisi, kuniran and swanggi. However, there was no significant correlation between temperature and these parameters. These results indicate that the dynamics of Lm and Lm do not follow the trend of temperature changes. It is assumed that the effect of changes in Lm, Lc is more influenced by the intensity of the catch than the temperature in Sunda Strait.
Provisioning services of seagrass ecosystem in Pari Island
Authors: Sjafrie N D M , Hernawan U E , Zulpikar F , Triyono  , Rahmawati S
Published: November 2023

Seagrass ecosystem provides many ecosystem services, including provisioning services in which people obtain direct products (e.g., food) from the ecosystem. This study examined the seagrass ecosystem provisioning service in Pari Island, Jakarta Bay. The data was collected in May 2021 using questionaries from 97 respondents (40 fishers and 57 non-fishers) living on the island. Our analysis reveals that seagrass ecosystems around Pari Island deliver food sources and income for the local communities. Many species of fishes, shellfishes, shrimps, and swimming crabs are commonly harvested by the local community. The most dominant harvested fishes are rabbitfishes (Siganus spp, 85%) and emperor fishes (Lethrinus sp, 15%), while the harvested shellfishess are “kerang bulu” (Anadara spp, 42%), “buol” (Venus sp, 32%), and “kere-kere” (Grafrarium spp, 26%). The locals use fishing gear such as nets and handlines to catch fish and use knives, machetes, and crowbars to collect shellfish. Generally, the locals harvest biota in seagrass ecosystems 1-2 times per week, with a time of about 1-2 hours. The harvested biotas serve as protein sources; only a few community members sell it for livelihood. In conclusion, the provisioning services of seagrass ecosystems is manifested as a food sources and livelihood to the local communities.