bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A role for triglyceride lipase brummer in the regulation of sex differences in Drosophila fat storage and breakdown
Authors: Wat Lianna W. , Chao Charlotte , Bartlett Rachael , Buchanan Justin L. , Millington Jason W. , Chih Hui Ju , Chowdhury Zahid S. , Biswas Puja , Huang Vivian , Shin Leah J. , Wang Lin Chuan , Gauthier Marie-Pierre L. , Barone Maria C. , Montooth Kristi L. , Welte Michael A. , Rideout Elizabeth J.
Published: January 2020

Triglycerides are the major form of stored fat in all animals. One important determinant of whole-body fat storage is whether an animal is male or female. Here, we useDrosophila, an established model for studies on triglyceride metabolism, to gain insight into the genes and physiological mechanisms that contribute to sex differences in fat storage. Our analysis of triglyceride storage and breakdown in both sexes identified a role for triglyceride lipasebrummer(bmm) in the regulation of sex differences in triglyceride homeostasis. Normally, male flies have higher levels ofbmmmRNA both under normal culture conditions and in response to starvation, a lipolytic stimulus. We find that loss ofbmmlargely eliminates the sex difference in triglyceride storage and abolishes the sex difference in triglyceride breakdown via strongly male-biased effects. Although we show thatbmmfunction in the fat body affects whole-body triglyceride levels in both sexes, in males, we identify an additional role forbmmfunction in the somatic cells of the gonad and in neurons in the regulation of whole-body triglyceride homeostasis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that lipid droplets are normally present in both the somatic cells of the male gonad and in neurons, revealing a previously unrecognized role forbmmfunction, and possibly lipid droplets, in these cell types in the regulation of whole-body triglyceride homeostasis. Taken together, our data reveal a role forbmmfunction in the somatic cells of the gonad and in neurons in the regulation of male–female differences in fat storage and breakdown and identifybmmas a link between the regulation of triglyceride homeostasis and biological sex.
Facilitating a soft landing for new start-up companies in Algeria developed by innovative entrepreneurs
Authors: Regis Ferron
Published: January 2020

As a result of incentive policies, a significant number of young entrepreneurs are setting up a business in Algeria every year. The majority of these new businesses are very small and/or one-man businesses. Many of them turned out to be unsuccessful despite of some entrepreneurs having been innovative. There are also many repatriated entrepreneurs (returners) who have tried to start a business in Algeria and have encountered similar difficulties and have therefore stopped their project midway. This article aims at understanding the impact of the Algerian legal and business frameworks on the entrepreneurial dynamic. Indeed, as a rule, it seems that for many years, the entrepreneurs encountered rigid administrative procedures and many difficulties in securing human resources and sufficient funds for starting. This research also investigates the factors that prevent entrepreneurs from continuing with their project. Our empirical investigation will focus more particularly on the entrepreneurs coming from the Algerian diaspora. This work demonstrates that entrepreneurs' perception about the business climate does not vary significantly on both sides of the Mediterranean Sea, despite the continued implementation of structural reforms. We intend to identify and analyse the problems faced by entrepreneurs in 2017 and the incidence of new business facilities in Algeria.
Análisis del movimiento en relación con la estructura musical del fondu y del double fondu a 45º
Authors: Hernández Castillo África
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se establece el análisis del movimiento de los pasos de la danza académica fondu y double fondu a 45º en compás binario y ternario. Se exponen las diversas dinámicas posibles para concluir con el adecuado acompañamiento musical durante su ejecución y la coordinación final para su realización a 45º.
Los inicios de la Compañía Nacional de Danza: Ensayo y error de una errática política cultural estatal
Authors: Bonnin-Arias Patricia
Published: January 2020

En el cuadragésimo aniversario de la fundación del Ballet Nacional Clásico, institución antecesora de la actual Compañía Nacional de Danza, este artículo indaga en la primera década de existencia de la agrupación, como producto de la transición democrática y de la fundación de la acción cultural tras la dictadura franquista. En su sinuosa trayectoria institucional, inicialmente orientada hacia el ballet académico, se conjugan la lógica artística con la política cultural estatal, entonces inexperta y carente de objetivos concretos. Partiendo de la condición heterónoma del campo artístico de la danza frente al de poder, se indaga textual-contextualmente el grado de afectación de la política sobre la praxis artística y gestora, así como sobre el modelo institucional de la compañía titular de ballet académico en España.
Agentes de povoamento e evangelização, mentores do crescimento paroquial, entre o Côa e o Távora – séculos XIII e XIV
Authors: Moreira Luciano
Published: January 2020

O presente trabalho aborda as problemáticas relacionadas com a evolução da rede paroquial, desde o século XIII até ao século XIV, no território situado entre os rios Távora e Côa que foi um dos quatro distritos do bispado de Lamego. Procurámos identificar e elencar condicionalismos e intervenientes que possibilitaram o povoamento desta zona, a partir do período pós-reconquista cristã, nomeadamente a sua localização geoestratégica. O fato de ser uma zona de fronteira exigiu medidas, com vista ao seu povoamento, por parte da monarquia e casas senhoriais presentes no território, através da outorga de instrumentos de fixação da população (cartas de foral). Após a reconquista cristã, a rede paroquial deu os primeiros passos e foi evoluindo de acordo com as decisões e orientações da Igreja Católica. O conhecimento da evolução da rede paroquial foi feito a partir das fontes disponíveis, permitindo-nos elencar os vários agentes responsáveis pela ereção canónica, crescimento, manutenção e trâmites da mesma.
O abastecimento de carne e sal em Coimbra: os contratos de obrigação da câmara municipal (1641-1721)
Authors: Barbosa José Luís Dos Santos
Published: January 2020

O presente trabalho pretende estudar o abastecimento de carne e sal em Coimbra entre 1641 e 1721, através da análise dos contratos de obrigação, à guarda do Arquivo Histórico Municipal da cidade. Sem perder de vista a conjuntura política e económica de então, procurase, de um modo geral, examinar a estrutura dos contratos, a sua evolução ao longo do tempo, as garantias que eram dadas aos arrematantes e as suas obrigações; a intervenção da câmara no abastecimento, ao nível da obrigação de venda, fixação de preços e criação de monopólios; a evolução das quantidades exigidas para abastecimento e a evolução dos preços negociados; o perfil dos arrematantes, sócios e fiadores, e de que forma as suas atividades profissionais complementavam o exercício do abastecimento.
Parenética na Igreja do Loreto: os sermões em honra dos Sumos Pontífices (séculos XVII-XVIII)
Authors: Braga Isabel Drumond
Published: January 2020

As cerimónias por ocasião das exéquias e das eleições papais deram origem à pregação de sermões na igreja de Nossa Senhora do Loreto, de Lisboa. Partindo desse corpo parenético pretende avaliar-se de que modo a parénese constitui um momento de reflexão e uma abordagem de teoria política.
Las minorías sexuales en el cine documental argentino reciente
Authors: Lanza Pablo
Published: January 2020

El cine argentino consignó a un lugar marginal la representación de las sexualidades disidentes durante gran parte de su historia. A partir de los primeros años del siglo XXI, estas historias comenzaron a tomar protagonismo en múltiples films, especialmente en el campo documental. Dicho cambio tomó lugar en paralelo a las luchas por los derechos civiles emprendidos por múltiples colectivos y asociaciones, iniciadas con las Marchas del orgullo en 1992 y que culminaron con la aprobación de la Ley de Identidad de Género en el año 2012. En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar un conjunto de documentales rastreando las formas en las que evolucionó la representación de estos personajes: un tránsito que va de la visibilización a la asunción de la lucha para finalizar con el cuestionamiento del concepto mismo de la identidad.
The Lord and the Lawyer: Lord Durham, Edward Livingston, and Legal Accommodation in Louisiana
Authors: Vernet Julien Paul
Published: January 2020

Le Rapport de Lord Durham (1839) est un document écrit pour guider la gouvernance britannique des colonies canadiennes, dont l’auteur recommande l’assimilation de la population française. Pour Durham, l’État de Louisiane peut servir de modèle parfait d’assimilation d’une population d’origine française en Amérique du Nord anglophone. Durham pensait que les Louisianais d’origine française avaient adopté une identité américaine quand la Louisiane fut incorporée dans l’Union des États en 1812. En réalité, les Louisianais, qui sont sous administration territoriale des États-Unis depuis 1803, ont pris des mesures pour protéger leur identité franco-louisianaise avant 1812, notamment en gagnant de l’influence dans un gouvernement territorial, et en passant des lois pour garder en vigueur la législation en place en Louisiane avant que Napoléon vende la Louisiane aux États-Unis.
Assessment of Genetic Relationships between Growth Traits and Milk Yield in Egyptian Buffaloes
Authors: Abu El- Naser Ibrahim
Published: January 2020

Data in this study were collected from live body weight records and milk yield for the first three lactations of Egyptian buffaloes maintained at the Mahallet Mousa Experimental Station of Animal Production Research Institute, relying on 987 records of Egyptian buffaloes spread over 16 years. These data were analyzed to estimate genetic parameters using animal model. Overall means in kilograms of BW, WW, W18, WFC, 1stMY, 2ndMY and 3rdMY were 36.56, 96.95, 322.02, 462.09, 1561.53, 1755 and 1837.71, respectively. Direct additive heritability (h2a) for mentioned traits were 0.31, 0.22, 0.24, 0.27, 0.23, 0.23 and 0.17, respectively. Corresponding computation of maternal heritability (h2m) for same traits were 0.39, 0.34, 0.22, 0.40, 0.29, 0.31 and 0.21, respectively. Evaluation of genetic correlations among different all studied traits were positive and ranged from 0.07 to 0.83, while phenotypic correlations were positive and ranged from 0.02 to 0.55. Accuracy of (PBV's) varying from 62 to 76, 62 to 83 and 41 to 77% for sires, cows and dams, successively; pointing out the genetic improvement could be achieved through any pathway of them. Higher direct and maternal heritability for BW and WFC and genetic correlations between first three lactations milk yield and each of BW and WFC higher than genetic correlations between first three lactations milk yield and WW and W18. Therefore, it is appropriate to select buffalo female calves for live body weight at birth than for live body weights at other ages.
"Ser alemão de verdade"
Authors: Dalla Vecchia Adriana , Jung Neiva Maria , Petermann Rafael
Published: January 2020

Este artigo é resultante de compreensões elaboradas por meio de uma Etnografia da Linguagem (DALLA VECCHIA, 2018) que acompanhou aulas de língua alemã em uma turma de 1º e uma de 3º ano do Ensino Médio, no período anterior ao exame de proficiência em língua alemã em um colégio privado situado em “uma colônia alemã” no interior do Paraná. Propomos como objetivo refletir sobre participação e usos da língua(gem) em construções situadas, articuladas com identidades e valores das línguas ou do que representam localmente. Como resultados, apresentamos que os participantes, na fala-em-interação, utilizam o seu repertório para alcançarem entendimentos e avançarem em direção à proficiência esperada para que tenham um bom desempenho no exame de proficiência em língua alemã, o que está relacionado com a construção de uma identidade que indica, para esses alunos, mobilidade local e translocal.
Transculturalidade no ensino de língua inglesa
Authors: Silva Simone Batista da
Published: January 2020

Este artigo relata trabalho pedagógico realizado em turma de licenciatura em Letras – Português/Inglês de uma Universidade pública do Rio de Janeiro com proposta de incluir no currículo culturas anglófonas não hegemônicas. As bases teóricas foram a Transculturalidade e a Complexidade, marcadas pelo movimento entre culturas com proposta dialógica. No trabalho desenvolvido, os textos básicos foram o livro Half of a yellow Sun, publicado em 2006 pela escritora nigeriana Chimamanda Adichie, e a produção cinematográfica britânico-nigeriana, de 2013, adaptação da obra literária original. Dentre os resultados, pude perceber mudança de perspectivas dos alunos quanto às culturas anglófonas de países não hegemônicos, em um movimento de ampliação de sua condição humana, para gerar atitudes revestidas pelo olhar transcultural de entender que estamos complexamente ligados às outras culturas dos diversos povos.
Optimization of Vat Dyeing with an Orange Peel Extract Reducing Agent using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Islam Mohammad Tajul , Mazumder Nur-Us-Shafa , Asaduzzaman Syed
Published: January 2020

Sodium dithionite is the most commonly-used reducing agent for vat dyeing of cotton fabric. This research focuses on the use of orange peel extract (OPE) as a new reducing agent for vat dyeing cotton fabric to avoid the toxic chemicals released from sodium dithionite. The dyeing experiments were carried out in a batch system to optimize alkali concentration, OPE concentration, and vatting temperature via response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal color yield was achieved at 11.97 g/L of OPE, 1.18 g/L of alkali, and 44 °C vatting temperature. Fabric dyed under optimized dyeing condition using OPE was compared with a standard conventionally dyed fabric using sodium dithionite as the reducing agent. A uniformly dyed fabric with comparable color yield was obtained. Fastness properties were not affected by the use of OPE.
Dope Dyed Viscose Fibers from Black Liquor Treated Carbon Black
Authors: Shukla Neelesh Bharti , Varma Arati , Sharma Esha , Sharma Preetika , Ralebhat Shrikant , Magare Bhupendra
Published: January 2020

Black liquor (BL), a byproduct generated during the kraft pulping process, was used as a source of alkaline lignin (AL) to stabilize aqueous dispersions of carbon black (CB). Black liquor-treated carbon black (BL-CB) samples were prepared by varying the BL/CB/water ratio and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. Improvement in dispersion of BL-CB with increased BL content was observed. The dope dyed viscose fibers were spun by addition of BL-CB to the viscose solution. These fibers exhibited deeper color strength than those obtained from conventional CB formulations at a comparable CB loading on the fiber.
The conservation and restoration performances under Seljuk Architectural Patronage
Authors: Karadayı Yenice Tülay
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is to expose the similarities between the restoration, conservation, and also reparation works focused on the monumental and public building under the Architectural Patronage of Seljuk Sultans in Anatolia. Reparations and present restoration approach through the protection – reparation examples they made in their periods. The research method is based on a comparative analysis of the approaches followed in the restoration and restoration of monumental structures built by previous civilizations in the territories dominated by the Seljuk state of Anatolia. In the scope of the study Aspendos Theatre, Aksaray Sultan Caravanserai and Sultan Alaaddin Bridge will be taken up it will be tried to understand the principles in the restoration efforts of the Anatolian Seljuks and light the way for the present restoration studies with the achieved accumulation and experience. As a result of the research, the findings indicate that the modern Seljuk state era has been applied to the repair-conservation of monumental monuments very close to the contemporary principles of contemporary restoration.
HİZMET İÇİ EĞİTİM SONUÇLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİNİN İŞLETMELER AÇISINDAN ÖNEMİ
Authors: TINAZ Pınar
Published: January 2020

Günümüz işletmeleri, sorumluluk alabilen, karar alma becerileri gelişmiş ve işletmecilik bilgisine sahip bireylere gereksinim duymaktadır. Verimlilik ve iş kalitesinin
arttırılmasına hizmet eden eğitim etkinliklerinin önemi, pek çok işletme tarafından kabul edilmektedir. Eğitim, bilgi verme, yetenek ve becerileri geliştirme sürecidir. Eğitimin işlevi değişim yaratmaktır. Değişim sağlandığında eğitim, başarılı sayılmaktadır. Değişimin sağlanıp sağlanmadığını belirlemek için eğitim etkinliklerinin sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, işletmelerde eğitim etkinliklerinin sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesine ne derece önem verildiği;
değerlendirmenin kimler tarafından ve hangi yöntem ve araçlarla yapıldığı; değerlendirmede ne gibi engellerle karşılaşıldığı ve eğitim sonrasında başarısız bulunan bireylere hangi işlemlerin uygulandığı irdelendi. Elde edilen veriler sunularak tartışıldı.
DÜNYA HAM PETROL FİYATLARININ ANALİZİ ve TAHMİNİ: “ÜRETİMLE BİRLİKTE FİYATLARDA ARTMAKTA MI?”
Authors: YILDIRIM Hakan
Published: January 2020

Dünya ham petrol fiyatlarının tahmin edilmesine yönelik günümüze dek yapılan çalışmaların hemen hepsinde üretim miktarları referans olarak kullanılmakta ve ham petrolün üretimi ile petrol fiyatları arasında kuvvetli bir negatif yönlü ilişki olduğu varsayılmaktadır. Tahmin senaryolarındaki fiyat öngörüleri, makro ekonomik dengelerdeki değişimler ve bunlara bağlı hesaplanan talep seviyesi ile ham petrol rezervleri göz önünde bulundurularak hazırlanmış olsa da, petrole olan talebin büyük oranda petrol fiyatlarına bağlı olarak belirlendiği ve petrol rezervlerinin, petrol fiyatlarının yükselmesiyle arama faaliyetlerinin cazip hale gediği bir ortamda seviye değiştirdiği düşünüldüğünde, fiyatlarının belirleyicisi olarak tespit edilen asıl açıklayıcı değişkenin üretim miktarı olarak kabul edildiği göze çarpmaktadır. Söz konusu çalışmalarda, bölgeler bazında petrol rezervlerinin durumu, arama faaliyetlerine yapılan yatırım tutarları ve teknolojide yaşanacak gelişmelerin de değerlendirildiği ancak bunların sadece üretim seviyesini etkileyen faktörler olarak tanımlandığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada 1975 - 2004 yılları arasındaki yıllık petrol fiyatları baz alınarak farklı tahmin teknikleri 2005 yılı tahmini yapılmıştır.
KURUMSAL SAYGINLIK VE YÖNETİMİ
Authors: OKUR Mehmet Emin
Published: January 2020

ÖzetıBu çalışmada işletmelerin iç ve dış çevreleri tarafından nasıl algılandıklarına ilişkin bir kavram olan saygınlık kavramı ve saygınlık yönetimi ele alınmaktadır. Kurumsal imaj, kurum kimliği, marka olmak gibi son dönemde öne çıkan ve birbiri ile yakut ilişkileri yüzünden karıştırılan kavramlar içerisinde en geniş içeriğe sahip kavram olan saygınlık kavramı işletmenin nasıl algılandığı ile yakından ilgilidir. Ama bu algının işletmenin vizyonu, performansı, politikaları, liderliği gibi dinamik etkenlerle şekillenen yine dinamik bir içeriğinin olduğu unutulmamalıdır. Bu açıdan saygınlık kavramının süreç yaklaşımı içerisinde ele alınarak bir yönetim modeline oturtulması kaçınılmazdır. Saygınlık yönetimi olarak nitelediğimiz bu yaklaşım şirketlerin iç ve dış çevrelerindeki tüm kesimlerle ilişkili dinamik ve bütüncül bir yaklaşımdır.
DEVLETİN TAMAMLAYICI VE İKAME EDİCİ MAL PİYASALARINA MÜDAHALESİNİN SOSYAL REFAH ETKİLERİ
Authors: UZGÖREN Ergin , ÜNSAL Hüseyin Özgür
Published: January 2020

Devletin ikame edici ve tamamlayıcı mal piyasalarına müdahalesinin sosyal refah etkileri teorik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Analizde tamamlayıcı ve ikame edici mallar için iki farklı mal piyasasının, tam rekabet ve yarı devletçi müdahaleli piyasa yapıları bakımından işleyişleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırmada her iki mal piyasasındaki toplam sosyal refah temel kriter olarak dikkate alınmıştır. Analizde devletin bir malın üretimine doğrudan katıldığı veya üretilen mal miktarını ve fiyatını etkileyerek piyasalara müdahalelerde bulunduğu varsayılmıştır. Devletin piyasalara bu tür müdahalelerini içeren politikalar geliştirmesi suretiyle toplam sosyal refahı olumlu yönde etkileyebilmesinin mümkün olduğu görülmektedir. Yapılan analiz sonucu, devlet müdahalesinin toplam sosyal refahı arttırmaya yönelik olarak kullan ılabileceği değerlen dirilm ektedir.
Additional benefits of three-dimensional ultrasound for prenatal assessment of twins
Authors: Wataganara Tuangsit , Yapan Piengbulan , Moungmaithong Sakita , Sompagdee Nalat , Phithakwatchara Nisarat , Limsiri Pattarawan , Nawapun Katika , Rekhawasin Thanapa , Talungchit Pattarawalai
Published: January 2020

Three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) may provide additional information for prenatal assessment of twins. It may improve the diagnostic confidence of dating, nuchal translucency (NT) and chorionicity assignment in twin pregnancies. The “virtual 3DUS placentoscopy” can guide selective fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (SFLP) to treat twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Volumetric assessment of the dysmorphic acardiac twin with the Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis (VOCAL) software is more accurate than the conventional ultrasound measurement. Twin anemia polycythemia (TAP) sequence and selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) may be clinically monitored with 3DUS placental volume (PV) and power Doppler vascular indices. Congenital anomalies are more common in twins. Evaluation of fetal anomalies with 3DUS could assist perinatal management. The 3DUS power Doppler can provide a better understanding of true and false umbilical cord knots, which are commonly found in monoamniotic (MA) twins. Single demise in monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies can cause severe neurologic morbidity in the surviving co-twin. Prenatal prediction of brain injury in the surviving co-twin with unremarkable neurosonographic examination is difficult. The 3DUS power Doppler may aid in prenatal detection of subtle abnormal cerebral perfusion. Prenatal assessment of conjoined twins with 3DUS is important if emergency postnatal surgical separation is anticipated. There is no significant additional advantage in using real-time 3DUS to guide prenatal interventions. Assessment of the cervix and pelvic floor during twin pregnancies is enhanced with 3DUS. Due to lack of high-quality studies, routine prenatal 3DUS in twin pregnancies needs to be balanced with risks of excessive ultrasound exposure.
Models for generating NCAA men’s basketball tournament bracket pools
Authors: Ludden Ian G. , Khatibi Arash , King Douglas M. , Jacobson Sheldon H.
Published: January 2020

Each year, the NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament attracts popular attention, including bracket challenges where fans seek to pick the winners of the tournament’s games. However, the quantity and unpredictable nature of games suggest a single bracket will likely select some winning teams incorrectly even if created with insightful and sophisticated methods. Hence, rather than focusing on creating a single bracket to perform well, a challenge participant may wish to create a pool of brackets that likely contains at least one high-scoring bracket. This paper proposes a power model to estimate tournament outcome probabilities based on past tournament data. Bracket pools are generated for the 2013–2019 tournaments using six generators, five using the power model and one using the Bradley-Terry model. The generated brackets are assessed by the ESPN scoring system and compared to those produced by a traditional pick favorite approach as well as the highest scoring brackets in the ESPN Tournament Challenge for each year.
Generalized model for scores in volleyball matches
Authors: Gonzalez-Cabrera Ivan , Herrera Diego Dario , González Diego Luis
Published: January 2020

We propose a Markovian model to calculate the winning probability of a set in a volleyball match. Traditional models take into account that the scoring probability in a rally (SP) depends on whether the team starts the rally serving or receiving. The proposed model takes into account that the different rotations of a team have different SPs. The model also takes into consideration that the SP of a given rotation complex 1 (K1) depends on the players directly involved in that complex. Our results help to design general game strategies and, potentially, more efficient training routines. In particular, we used the model to study several game properties, such as the importance of having serve receivers with homogeneous performance, the effect of the players’ initial positions on score evolution, etc. Finally, the proposed model is used to diagnose the performance of the female Colombian U23 team (U23 CT).
Excitatory/Inhibitory Responses Shape Coherent Neuronal Dynamics Driven by Optogenetic Stimulation in the Primate Brain
Authors: Shewcraft Ryan A. , Dean Heather L. , Fabiszak Margaret M. , Hagan Maureen A. , Wong Yan T. , Pesaran Bijan
Published: January 2020

Coherent neuronal dynamics play an important role in complex cognitive functions. Optogenetic stimulation promises to provide new ways to test the functional significance of coherent neural activity. However, the mechanisms by which optogenetic stimulation drives coherent dynamics remain unclear, especially in the nonhuman primate brain. Here, we perform computational modeling and experiments to study the mechanisms of optogenetic-stimulation-driven coherent neuronal dynamics in three male nonhuman primates. Neural responses arise from stimulation-evoked, temporally dynamic excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) activity. Spiking activity is more likely to occur during E/I imbalances. Thus the relative difference in the driven E and I responses precisely controls spike timing by forming a brief time interval of increased spiking likelihood. Experimental results agree with parameter-dependent predictions from the computational models. These results demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation driven coherent neuronal dynamics are governed by the temporal properties of E/I activity. Transient imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory activity may provide a general mechanism for generating coherent neuronal dynamics without the need for an oscillatory generator.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe examine how coherent neuronal dynamics arise from optogenetic stimulation in the primate brain. Using computational models and experiments, we demonstrate that coherent spiking and local field potential activity is generated by stimulation-evoked responses of excitatory and inhibitory activity in networks, extending the growing literature on neuronal dynamics. These responses create brief time intervals of increased spiking tendency and are consistent with previous observations in the literature that balanced excitation and inhibition controls spike timing, suggesting that optogenetic-stimulation-driven coherence may arise from intrinsic E/I balance. Most importantly, our results are obtained in nonhuman primates and thus will play a leading role in driving the use of causal manipulations with optogenetic tools to study higher cognitive functions in the primate brain.
Legal Protection of Women as Victim of Domestic Violence
Authors: Wantu Fence M , Sarson Mohamad Taufiq Zulfikar
Published: January 2020

This study aims to determine the extent of legal protection by the Women and Children Service Unit (PPA) of the Gorontalo City Resort Police Criminal Investigation Unit against women as victims of domestic violence and to find out what factors are obstacles to the efforts of the PPA Unit of the Criminal Investigation Unit Gorontalo Resort Police in tackling violence against women victims of Domestic Violence. Data collected through interviews and library research. Analysis of the data used is the data obtained will be analysed descriptively qualitatively describing the data obtained from field research (primary data), tested the truth then linked and analysed qualitatively with data obtained from library research (secondary). The results showed a form of legal protection by the PPA Unit of the Gorontalo Police Resort Criminal Investigation Unit against women as victims of domestic violence, namely preventive efforts by holding legal counselling in collaboration with the local government and further optimizing the performance of the Gorontalo City Resort Police Especially the PPA unit, repressive efforts that are in accordance with the rules of the Domestic Violence Protection Act. What factors hinder the efforts of the PPA Unit of the Gorontalo District Police Resort Criminal Investigation Unit in tackling violence against women victims of Domestic Violence, among others: Legal factors themselves, Law Enforcement Officers Factors, Factors or Facilities That Support Law Enforcement, Factors Society and Culture
ЦИВІЛІЗАЦІЙНИЙ ПІДХІД ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ АНАЛІЗУ СИСТЕМИ ІНДУСТРІАЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Zinkevich Vasyl I.
Published: January 2020

У статті обґрунтовується гіпотеза про те, що сучасні проблеми розбудови освіти ХХІ ст. сучасні філософія освіти і педагогіка вирішити не спроможні, оскільки їх методологічні засоби не здатні це зробити. Тому пропонується звернутися до теорії пізнання основним методом якої «є ідеальне розумове відтворення предмета вивчення у відповідних категоріальних структурах». На цій основі здійснити раціональну реконструкцію предмету дослідження – соціальну систему індустріальної освіти, як найбільш вивчену і реально ще діючу цілісність. Для ефективного відтворення її структурних і функціональних параметрів пропонується звернутися до парадигми «життєвого циклу освітніх систем у контексті цивілізаційного підходу» на основі використання когнітивного аналізу. Її перевага полягає тільки у тому, що даний концепт «схоплює» явище освіти в цілому. Це означає, що явище цивілізаційної освіти вивчається у якості соціального інституту і соціальної системи індустріального суспільства.При цьому сила когнітивного аналізу полягає у тому, що у якості вихідних одиниць аналізу виступає накопичено світовою спільнотою наукове знання про освіту. Новим є виявлення діалектики суб’єктного та об’єктного виміру когнітивних практик. Це дозволяє проводити дослідження когнітивного виміру еволюції сфери знання на основі системних відносин, які складаються в процесі формування нових проблемних областей. Цей висновок має принципове значення, оскільки є потреба у подальшому дослідити проблему становлення глобальної освіти у горизонті саморозгортання інформаційної цивілізації. Нова форма життєустрою планетарного світу, ще тільки народжується, тому спрогнозувати саморозгортання і форму системи освіти можна тільки на основі вивчення загальних алгоритмів зміни форм його буття на попередніх етапах. При цьому звертається увага на той факт, що освіта інформаційної цивілізації не виростає з освіти індустріальної доби.
АКСІОЛОГІЧНИЙ ЧИННИК НЕСТАБІЛЬНОСТІ В СУЧАСНИХ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВІДНОСИНАХ
Authors: Ishchenko Ihor , Bashkeieva Olena
Published: January 2020

Автори досліджують вплив цінностей поліетнічних спільнот як чинника нестабільності міжнародних відносин. Використано методологічний підхід на основі синергетичної теорії до розуміння політичної нестабільності міжнародних відносин, в яких аксіологічний чинник є домінуючим. Головна мета роботи: по-перше - аналіз наслідків боротьби між провідними геополітичними гравцями за сфери впливу, що спричиняє масову неконтрольовану міграцію до країн Заходу а разом з тим - політичну нестабільність на основі неконгруентності цінностей; по-друге окреслити шляхи подолання конфліктності, спричиненої аксіологічним чинником. Дослідники показали основні наслідки цих процесів на прикладі Західної Європи: ксенофобію, негативне ставлення місцевих жителів до мігрантів; зростання популярності правого радикалізму в Європі; сплеск міжнародного тероризму тощо. Автори зазначили намагання політичних структур ЄС протистояти конфліктності. Як висновок, автори вказали перспективи зниження конфліктності через організаційну роботу з гармонізації міжкультурної взаємодії та створення нормальних соціальних умов у країнах-донарах міграції.
ПАР В СУЧАСНІЙ СИСТЕМІ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВІДНОСИН В ПІВДЕННІЙ АФРИЦІ
Authors: Mikheichenko Mariia
Published: January 2020

Вивчаються особливості міжнародних відносин у Південній Африці. Розкриваються особливості розвитку ПАР як регіонального лідера. Наголошується на тому, що країна відіграє провідну роль в регіоні через сприятливе географічне положення і досить високий рівень економічного розвитку. Підкреслюється значення зовнішньої політики сучасної ПАР. Відзначається, що зовнішня політика ПАР здійснюється на трьох рівнях: регіональному, континентальному і глобальному. На першому з них республіка, маючи в своєму розпорядженні не тільки значним військово-політичним, але і найбільшим в Африці економічним потенціалом, може вважатися практично безальтернативним претендентом на лідерство. ПАР є локомотивом САДК і привертає трудові ресурси з усіх прикордонних країн, що не мають настільки розвиненої промисловості і не відрізняються настільки ж високим за регіональними мірками рівнем заробітної плати.Наголошується, що Стратегія ПАР в рамках САДК будується на трьох китах: відновлення, зміцнення і збереження політичної єдності та згуртованості в рамках САДК. З’ясовано, що роль ПАР полягає у поглибленні економічної інтеграції, і інтенсифікації розвитку регіональної інфраструктури. Доводиться, що ПАР взяла на себе провідну роль в регіоні для вирішення багатьох соціально-гуманітарних питань, особливо за допомогою економічної складової. Підтверджується, що Південна Африка також грає важливу роль з точки зору того, що вона є стартовим майданчиком для іноземних інвестицій в іншій частині Африки. Доводиться, що зовнішня політика ПАР в регіоні сприяла:- створенню нових робочих місць;- модернізації існуючої, а також створення нової інфраструктури - в тому числі інвестиції в телекомунікації;- технологічного розвитку за рахунок поставки висококваліфікованих кадрів;- збільшенню податкових надходжень, а також збільшення споживчого вибору в приймаючих країнах;- створенню сприятливого бізнес клімату в південноафриканських країнах.Робиться висновок, що зовнішня політика ПАР в регіоні не завжди конструктивна по відношенню до інших південноафриканським країн. Південноафриканські корпорації домінують і це призводить до монополії і гегемонії ПАР. Економічна і політична міць Південної Африки на Півдні континенту є незаперечною. Політична нестабільність визначається як чинник послаблення лідерських позицій ПАР в регіоні.
ГРОМАДЯНСЬКЕ СУСПІЛЬСТВО ЯК ЕНДОГЕННИЙ ЧИННИК ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОПОЛІТИЧНОГО ІМІДЖУ ТРАНЗИТИВНОЇ ДЕМОКРАТІЇ
Authors: Petrov Pavlo H.
Published: January 2020

У статті досліджується інститут громадянського суспільства як один з ендогенних чинників формування зовнішньополітичного іміджу транзитивної демократії. Здійснюється ґрунтовний аналіз наукової дефініції «громадянське суспільство». Досліджуються особливості його функціонального становлення в рамках демократичного транзиту, складові елементи громадянського суспільства. Виокремлюються інструменти збільшення ефективності реалізацій функцій громадянського суспільства в транзитивних демократіях, тим самим виступаючи ендогенним чинником іміджеформування.
Literatura e cidade rizomáticas
Authors: Botton André Natã Mello
Published: January 2020

Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari apresentam em Mil Platôs o conceito de “rizoma” que se faz na multiplicidade própria que a filosofia suscita. No estudo dos autores, há uma conexão de linhas que se ligam umas às outras na mesma estrutura que as raízes das plantas possuem. Desse modo, o presente estudo desenvolve uma argumentação na relação que a literatura brasileira contemporânea compreende acerca da construção do urbano dentro de sua ficcionalidade. Mais do que representar, os livros seriam expressões rizomáticas tanto na sua ficção quanto na construção urbana que as ações de suas personagens desenvolvem por entre as cidades. Com isso, os livros e as cidades apresentariam formas rizomáticas que estão conectadas umas às outras.
Assessment of Doctor-Patient Communication Skills Omdurman Friendship Teaching Hospital(OFTH) August-2010
Authors: Ahmedana Sara Elsheikh , Mansour Musa Basheer
Published: January 2020

Communication is the procedure of generation, transmission, or gathering of messages to oneself or another substance, for the most part by means of a commonly comprehended arrangement of signs. Communication skills are the tools that individuals use to evacuate boundaries and troubles to perform successful correspondence (are learnable, trainable, versatile simply like some other expertise). The objective was to assess the effectiveness of communication skills system among consultants, physicians, registrars and medical officers with their patients in different units of medicine and surgery.

Methods: It was a descriptive-analytical study in OFTH August 2010. (241) participants by simple random sampling. All patients attend the OFTH for their appointment and agreed to be included in this study. Whereas the emergent and urgent were excluded.  Data were collected using small groups discussion and pre-tested questionnaires. 

Results: Many doctors know some information about Doctor-Patient Communication Skills but, they didn't perform it because of, the high frequency of patients in referral clinics. Doctors spent 6 to 10 minutes with 179 patients (74.3%), 11to 15 minutes with 46 patients (19.1%), 1 to 5 minutes with 12 patients (5%), 16 to 20 minutes with 3 patients (1.2%) and more than 26 minutes with one patient (O.4%). Patients' satisfaction; 205 patients are satisfied represent (85.1%), 36 patients aren't satisfied represent (14.9%). Those who aren't satisfied; 25 patients (69%) because of a short duration of medical interview, 8 patients (22%) because doctors didn't mention the adverse effects of the drugs and 3 patients (9%) because doctors didn't mention the possible complications of operation.

Conclusion:  Doctor-patient communication skills were done by medical officers, registrars, physicians and consultants. They took a short time 6-10 minutes for medical interview (74.3%), they didn’t share information with their colleagues in the same unit by (46.5%) in 112 patients and didn’t involve other health care professionals in patients’ care by (62.7%) for 151 patients.  Despite of that the patients’ satisfaction was (85.1%)
Alterações histológicas da vesícula biliar de doentes submetidos à colecistectomia por colelitíase
Authors: Holanda Ana Karolina Gama , Lima Júnior Zailton Bezerra
Published: January 2020

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever os achados histológicos das vesículas biliares de pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia e avaliar a presença de fatores associados ao câncer incidental da vesícula. Métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal e observacional de 1.278 exames anatomopatológicos de vesículas biliares oriundas de colecistectomias por colelitíase e de seus respectivos laudos, realizadas no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2017. Resultados: o achado anatomopatológico mais frequente foi a colecistite crônica, presente em 1.251 pacientes (97,8%), seguido pela colesterolose em 131 (10,2%). O câncer de vesícula foi identificado em seis pacientes, com prevalência de 0,5% nesta amostra. Houve associação significativa entre a presença de câncer e idade ≥60 anos e com a espessura da parede ≥0,3cm. Conclusão: houve baixa prevalência de câncer de vesícula na população avaliada, maior ocorrência na população idosa e associação de tumor com espessamento da parede vesicular.
Tratamento da fístula anal com extrato de Baccharis dracunculifolia. Estudo experimental em ratos.
Authors: Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos , Cavasana Antonio Luís , Moreira Davyson de Lima , Dourado Doroty Mesquita , Guimarães Felipe dos Santos , Barros Fernanda Helene Reis , Campos Gattass Carneiro Orro de , Leme Guilherme Apolinário Laureano , Silva Lucas Dutra Madrid da , Wahl Lucas Marques , Gutterres Nathália Barreto de Almeida , Matias Rosemary , Câmara Sara Jéssica Falcão , Santos Sandro Endrick de Oliveira
Published: January 2020

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia do extrato de Baccharis dracunculifolia no tratamento de fístulas anais em ratos. Métodos: vinte ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à confecção de fístula anal e, após 30 dias, foram distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo Controle, com cinco animais; Grupo Carbopol, com cinco animais; e Grupo Baccharis dracunculifolia, com dez animais. No Grupo Controle, não se realizou nenhum tratamento. No Grupo Carbopol, realizou-se infusão diária de carbopol, e no Grupo Baccharis dracunculifolia, infusão de extrato de Baccharis dracunculifolia com carbopol, ambos por 30 dias. Foram retirados espécimes para análise histológica após a eutanásia. Resultados: não houve fechamento completo do trajeto fistuloso em nenhum dos animais. A média da área do trajeto resultante foi de 847,2µm2, 565,6µm2 e 372,7µm2, respectivamente, nos Grupos Controle, Carbopol e Baccharis dracunculifolia (p=0,001). A média do escore de processo inflamatório foi de 2,4, 2,4 e 2,1, respectivamente, nos Grupos Controle, Carbopol e Baccharis dracunculifolia (p=0,285), enquanto a média de congestão vascular foi de 1,6, 1,4 e 1,1, respectivamente, nos Grupos Controle, Carbopol e Baccharis dracunculifolia (p=0,031). Conclusão: o extrato de Baccharis dracunculifolia foi capaz de reduzir o lúmen dos trajetos fistulosos e a congestão vascular, sem reduzir, no entanto, o processo inflamatório local ou fechar totalmente os trajetos fistulosos.
Prevalence of corrected arterial hypertension based on the self-reported prevalence estimated by the Brazilian National Health Survey
Authors: Moreira Jessica Pronestino de Lima , Almeida Renan Moritz Varnier Rodrigues de , Rocha Nei Carlos dos Santos , Luiz Ronir Raggio
Published: January 2020

The objective was to correct the self-reported prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) obtained from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS 2013). SAH prevalence estimates were corrected by means of sensitivity/specificity of information. Sensitivity and specificity values from a similar study (same self-report question, age range and gold standard) were used to this end. A sensitivity analysis was also performed, by using the upper and lower limits of confidence intervals as sensitivity and specificity parameters. The corrected prevalence of SAH for Brazil as a whole was 14.5% (self-reported: 22.1%). Women presented a higher rate of self-reported SAH but, after correction, men were found to have a higher prevalence. Among younger women (18-39 age range), the self-reported prevalence was 6.2%, a value that, after correction, dropped to 0.28%. There was not much difference between self-reported and corrected SAH among the elderly (51.1% vs. 49.2%). For certain groups the corrected results were greatly different from the self-reported prevalence, what may severely impact public health policy strategies.
Seroprevalence of varicella antibodies in adults without clinical history of disease
Authors: Büchele Konrad Silva , Correa Danusa Ferreira , Tuyama Mari , Lemos Alberto dos Santos de , Costa Marcellus Dias da , Mesquita Emersom Cicilini , Costa Daniel Marinho da , Cerbino-Neto José , Varela Margareth Catoia , Brasil Pedro Emmanuel Americano Alvarenga do , Brandão Luciana Gomes Pedro
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Varicella in adults and immunocompromised patients can be severe. The clinical diagnosis of varicella has high accuracy and the history of disease has a high positive predictive value for protection. A significant portion of adults, however, cannot remember if they have had varicella, especially older individuals. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of varicella protective antibodies titers in adults with no clinical history of disease, attended at a Reference Center for Special Immunobiologicals and Travel Medicine in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Titration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to varicella-zoster was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Among 140 adults without history of varicella, 92% had protective antibody titers. We concluded that seroprevalence of varicella-zoster protection was very high in adults with negative history of disease and the use of serology before vaccination reduced significantly unnecessary vaccine and immunoglobulin use.
INTER/INTRA-OBSERVER EVALUATION BETWEEN RADIOGRAPHS AND TOMOGRAPHIES FOR PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURE
Authors: Stirma Guilherme Augusto , Secundino Armando Romani , Gonzalez Guilherme Ferreira Garcia , Sola Junior Wilson Carlos , Souza Geovanna Andrade Labres de , Dau Leonardo
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: The use of images in 3D reconstruction is an instrument that facilitates the interpretation of the fracture, observations of deviations, rotations and articular surface. Objective: To evaluate the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of the Neer x AO proximal humerus fracture classification on radiographs versus computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction (3D). Methods: We evaluated the digital radiographs (anteroposterior and profile) and computerized tomography with 3D reconstruction of patients presenting with a proximal humerus fracture, surgically treated at an Orthopedics and Traumatology Service. All radiographs and computed tomography were classified (Neer and AO) by eight (8) orthopedic surgeons, specialists in the upper limb and sent, following the pre-established numeration by the author, in a spreadsheet to the author of the study. Results: The Neer and AO scores were more reproducible when determined by computed tomography with 3D reconstruction, mainly in fractures of greater complexity (Neer 4 parts and AO group C). However, in absolute values, inter and intra-observer reproducibility and concordance still remain low. Conclusion: Computed tomography with 3D reconstruction allows a better analysis of fractures of group C and Neer 4 parts. However, the inter and intra-observer agreement does not increase significantly in comparison to the radiographs. Level of evidence III, Study of non-consecutive patients, without gold standard, applied uniformly.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP IN MALES
Authors: Goiano Ellen de Oliveira , Akkari Miguel , Pupin Juliana Pietrobom , Santili Claudio
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is one of the most common orthopedic hip diseases of the pediatric population. There is a predominance in females and patients with known risk factors. Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of DDH in a reference center and compare them with the literature. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study based on the review of medical records and radiographs from which epidemiological data such as laterality, age at diagnosis, acetabular index, radiographic classification and others were collected. Results: A total of 297 medical records were found between May 1974 and June 2009. Of those, 147 patients (216 affected hips) were eligible for the survey. Most of the patients came from the state of São Paulo (91.1%), were born in autumn/winter (66.7%), reported as Caucasians (76.9%), with bilateral involvement (46.9%) and mean age at diagnosis of 22.8 months. Conclusion: The most frequent type of DDH was high dislocation (28.7%), and the acetabular index progressively increased with the age. The International Hip Dysplasia Institute classification was found to be more reproducible than Tönnis classification. Delayed diagnosis was associated with the absence of risk factors and with bilaterality. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective comparative study.