bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possessiveness as an Inductor of Deformation of Consciousness as in Illusions of Perceptions
Authors: Yanovsky Mikhail I.
Published: July 2019

The research features the effect of possessiveness on consciousness. The problem was posed by K. Marx in the hypothesis that the consciousness of an individual depends on belonging to a certain social class, the differences between which are determined by relations with the ownership of the means of production. Theoretically, such an influence is possible via the psychological correlate of ownership, i.e. possessiveness. The sense of ownership, being a cognitive-affective structure, could have an impact on the reflective function of consciousness. In our previous studies, we discussed a possibility of evoking a basic perception illusion (the Uznadze effect) caused by an emotionally saturated psychological background of perception. However, a sense of ownership can play the role of such a background. But if possessiveness can contribute to the basic illusions, it would mean that it can contribute to the deformations of consciousness, because the basic illusion is a manifestation of the violation of the comparison of different parts of the perceptual field. This comparison is a function of the integrative level of reflection, which is traditionally associated with consciousness. Based on the analysis of a number of concepts, we assumed that the psychological basis of possessiveness is an act of mentally disposing of oneself, one’s Ego, in some object, as if in a place. During the experiment, the subjects were properly instructed and imposed with an act of such mental disposition in the form of a virtual assessment of the ability to trust the object. The objects were participants demonstrated to the subjects in a film. The subjects needed to evaluate who they could trust their money with. This was the way to rationalize the act of generating the "mine" – "alien" construct, which is fundamental to the sense of ownership. At the end of the video, the subjects were shown two identical circles, and they had to say if the circles were different or not. The results of the experiment showed that when the subjects had to perform the task, they saw the circles as different – much more often than in the control group. Consequently, the results confirmed the hypothesis. Possessiveness might also be capable of causing deformations of the reflective function of consciousness.
Motivating Signs of the Concepts “Horse” and “Loshad' / Kon'” in Cross‐Cultural Conceptual Worldviews
Authors: Bekmurzaeva Feruza Sh.
Published: July 2019

The paper features the concepts of «horse» and «loshad' / kon'» and their motivating signs. A concept emerges when the internal primary form of the word appears to objectify the concept in the language. According to the conducted analysis, the concepts have several motivating signs of different language actualization frequency. The most ancient and frequent originated from the Pre-Indo-European language: the name of an animal of a certain family, domesticated or wild animal; to run; cart; chariot; torrent; swift; adult male horse, stallion, gelding; device; large, coarse, healthy, (horsepower – unit of measure); cavalry; plow, harrow; earth; netherworld, hell; spark, fire; fate; to curse, to revenge, barren, mist, darkness; the spirit of cereals; spotted, pockmarked; jewel, to praise, give a loud shout; to fly; lightning; terrible, attack of illness; horse thief. The analysis revealed four signs that are common for both cultures: the name of an animal of a certain family, domesticated or wild animal; to run; adult male horse, stallion, gelding; harrow, plow; unit of measurement. The examples prove frequency and relevance of the motivating signs. Some signs currently function in the form of symbolic signs.
Exploring private water wells for fecal sources and evidence of pathogen presence in the context of current testing practices for potability in Ontario
Authors: Felleiter Sophie , McDermott Kevin , Hall Geof , Sheth Prameet , Majury Anna
Published: July 2019

Private water wells provide drinking water for an estimated 4.1 million households in Canada yet remain understudied in the context of microbial water quality or human health impacts. As there exists little systematic surveillance for enteric infections or outbreaks related to well water sources, consumers may be at risk of waterborne infectious diseases. A standard protocol in Ontario requires 200 mL of water, collected, and submitted by well owners, half of which is used to analyze for Escherichia coli and total coliforms (TCs). The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of testing small water volumes and to survey for other contaminants in addition to bacterial indicators to inform pathogen prevalence and fecal source in drinking water wells. Samples were assessed for E. coli and TCs, by culture, and genetic markers of Bacteroides spp., Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, using qPCR. The source of fecal contamination varied by the geographic region and may be explained by septic tank density and underlying geology, among other factors. A small number of samples (1.9%) showed the evidence of contamination with enteric pathogens. Lastly, E. coli measured by qPCR, as opposed to culture, correlated more strongly to Bacteroides markers.
Removal of multiple heavy metal ions using a macromolecule chelating flocculant xanthated chitosan
Authors: Yang Kai , Wang Gang , Liu Fulong , Wang Xin , Chen Xuemin
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the removal performance and mechanism of xanthated chitosan (XCTS) towards heavy metal ions are investigated. XCTS possesses both strong chelating abilities and excellent flocculation properties, which can effectively remove several kinds of heavy metal ions, such as Cr3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+. It has a good potential for practical application. In a flocculation test of a mixed component solution, the removal rates of Cr3+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ reach 100%, 100% and 99.1%, respectively. The removal rates are significantly greater than that of a single component solution. It indicates that there is a synergistic effect between different metal ions. Moreover, the selectivity of XCTS for Cr3+ and Cu2+ is obviously superior to that for Cd2+; XCTS is easier to combine with the heavy metal ions belonging to hard acids.
Effect of auditor's role conflict on auditor’s stress with core self-evaluations as moderators
Authors: Putra I Gede Bandar Wira , Sudana I Putu
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide empirical evidence of the effect of core self-evaluations on the relationship between auditor's role conflict and auditor’s stress. 82 auditors who work in a Public Accountant Office registered in the Province of Bali are used as a population by using purposive sampling in accordance with established criteria. The data analysis technique used was moderated regression analysis. The results showed that auditor’s role conflict had a positive effect on auditor’s stress and showed that core self-evaluations weakened the influence of auditor’s role conflict on auditor’s stress. The results of this study can be taken into consideration for the Public Accountant Firm to use personality tests in the auditor's career selection and development process and provide empirical evidence for the model of stress theory.
Idoso institucionalizado: sentimentos dos familiares em relação a institucionalização
Authors: Braga Cristina , Koike Márcia K. , Saad Karen R. , Pitanga Fernanda
Published: July 2019

No contato frequente com as famílias das idosas institucionalizadas percebe-se a preocupação que as mesmas demonstram com relação à institucionalização da pessoa idosa. Acredita-se que o despreparo das famílias em cuidar do idoso em situação de vulnerabilidade seja o fator determinante para a institucionalização dos mesmos em ILPIs – Instituições de longa permanência para idosos. Este estudo objetivou descrever os sentimentos do familiar em relação à institucionalização do idoso em ILPI. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza quali-quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória retrospectiva transversal. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para pessoas. A amostra foi constituída de 20 pessoas, familiares das internas de ambos os sexos, com mais de 18 anos que tinham a responsabilidade sobre a idosa institucionalizada e aceitaram participar do estudo mediante o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. O estudo foi aprovado pelo CEP da Universidade Nove de Julho, SP. Por meio desta pesquisa pôde-se constatar os familiares consideram a ILPI como local propiciador de acolhimento e tratamento ao idoso em situação de vulnerabilidade. No estudo foi também relatado sentimento de culpa, medo, impotência, sensação de abandono, saudades e outros. Concluiu-se que a percepção dos familiares, que fizeram parte da amostra sobre os motivos que os levaram à procura do asilamento de seus idosos está relacionada a acreditar que a Instituição asilar representa um local acolhedor e de bem-estar para seu ente querido, por estarem incapacitados de cuidar de seu familiar, não entendendo como abandono.
Diseño de una planta para la producción de etanol a partir de la caña de azúcar: aplicación en la zona Norte de Ecuador
Authors: Ricaurte Marvin , Luna Santiago , Mosquera Shary , Sarmas Jordy , Zenteno Jeremee , Viloria Alfredo
Published: July 2019

El etanol es una opción tecnológica para la formulación de combustibles alternativos, que reduzcan las emisiones de gases contaminantes y contribuyan a disminuir el consumo de combustibles líquidos provenientes de hidrocarburos fósiles. En Ecuador se impulsa el uso de biocombustibles, que contienen etanol anhidro proveniente de fuentes agrícolas. En este trabajo se presenta el diseño de una planta para producir etanol a partir de la fermentación de la caña de azúcar, con una capacidad de procesamiento de 315.000 toneladas/año, que permite obtener 25,87 millones de litros anuales de etanol anhidro. Las estimaciones económicas preliminares indican la rentabilidad del proyecto.

Ethanol is a technological option for formulation of alternative fuels, which reduces the emissions of greenhouse gases and contributes to lower the consumption of liquid fuels from fossil hydrocarbons. In Ecuador, the use of biofuels is encouraged, which contain anhydrous ethanol obtained from agricultural sources. This paper presents the design of a plant to produce ethanol from the fermentation of sugarcane, with a processing capacity of 315,000 tons/year, allowing obtain 25.87 million liters of anhydrous ethanol per year. Preliminary economic estimates indicate the profitability of the project.
Enzyme Replacement therapy with Pegademase Bovine for Human Adenosine Deaminase Primary Immunodeficiency
Authors: Benavides Karina , Lovato Nicole
Published: July 2019

Adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA) represents an immune system disorder producing abnormalities in humoral and cellular immune responses due to the lack of adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme. PEG-ADA therapy tries to counteract ADA deficiency by conjugates conformed of numerous mono-methoxy polyethyleneglycol chains linked non-covalently, and ADA enzymes, which are bound by lysine residues. PEG-ADA protects from any proteolytic attack, and presentation of antigens, increasing their lifespan within the organism. Enzyme replacement therapy with PEGylated ADA provides metabolic correction and improvement in immune function and clinical parameters. Its effectiveness is confirmed by the increase of B and T lymphocytes in questionable time ranges.
Current prevalence and risk factors related to Chagas disease in Bolivia
Authors: Medrano-Mercado Nora , Medrano Tania Alba , Schaub Guenter , Grisard Edmundo Carlos , Steindel Mario
Published: July 2019

Chagas disease (CD) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major health problem in Bolivia. In this study, we have assessed the prevalence and the risk of infection by T. cruzi in nine Bolivian departments. The overall average seroprevalence was 19.5% (2-32%) being higher in women between 11-20 years old. The T.cruzi genetic lineages infecting humans was 43.4% TcI; 45.4% TcV, 8.5% TcII and 2.7% for TcV and TcII. T. cruzi infection was detected in 49.1% of the 1,671 Triatoma infestans captured within houses, the majority (65%) made of bricks. Among these, 39.5% were TcI, 52.1% TcV, and 8.4% TcII. The assessment on the knowledge about the disease and the etiological agent revealed that 57% of teachers and health workers are aware of the parasite and 64% of the students receive information about CD, among which, 82% were able to recognize triatomines.
Причини повторних оперативних утручань у пацієнтів, які перенесли хірургічне лікування гриж міжхребцевих дисків поперекового відділу хребта
Authors: Piontkovsky V.K. , Fishchenko І.V.
Published: July 2019

Актуальність. У статті подано ретроспективний аналіз причин, що призводять до негативних результатів хірургічного лікування людей літнього віку з грижами міжхребцевих дисків на рівні поперекового відділу хребта. Мета. Визначення причин негативних результатів хірургічного лікування гриж міжхребцевих дисків у людей літнього і старечого віку порівняно з молодими пацієнтами, що дозволить у подальшому вибрати правильну хірургічну тактику та запобігти виникненню ускладнень. Матеріали та методи. Проведено ретроспективний аналіз хірургічного лікування гриж міжхребцевих дисків поперекового відділу хребта у 170 пацієнтів. Група молодих людей становила 92 пацієнти, група осіб літнього і старечого віку (60 років і старше) — 78 пацієнтів. Першу операцію з приводу грижі міжхребцевого диска було проведено у термін від 3 місяців до 7 років до дослідження в різних лікувальних закладах України. Результати. Рецидив грижі диска на тому самому рівні виявлено у 61 % молодих пацієнтів і майже в 4 рази рідше (14,1 %) у старших. Грижа диска на суміжному рівні виявлена також частіше у молодих пацієнтів (10,0 %), ніж у старшої вікової категорії (3,8 %). Цей факт автори пов’язують з тим, що з віком міжхребцевий диск більш дегідратований, а висота міжтілового проміжку значно зменшується, тоді як у молодих людей об’єм матеріалу диска значний, що збільшує ризик утворення нових секвестрів. Висновки. Результати проведеної роботи вказують на те, що причини повторних оперативних хірургічних втручань з приводу гриж міжхребцевих дисків залежать від віку пацієнта; найчастішою причиною повторних оперативних втручань у старших пацієнтів є нестабільність на оперованому та суміжному рівнях, що спонукає хірургів до більш широкого застосування стабілізуючих оперативних втручань та більш детального передопераційного планування щодо вибору рівня стабілізації; у старшої вікової категорії переважають процеси стенозування, отже, у них необхідно застосовувати більш широку декомпресію.
Звернення головного редактора
Authors: Povoroznyuk V.V.
Published: July 2019

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Internship program: A viewpoint of pre-service teachers of Farhangian University-Shahid Beheshti branch of Tehran
Authors: Sharafie Darioush , Ghorbani Mohamadreza , Dadashzadeh Amin
Published: July 2019

The internship has been considered as a crucial program in preparing pre-service teachers to implement the scientific-practical activities knowledge they have gained. This study aimed at describing the implementation as well as the function of the internship program based on pre-service teachers' of Farhangian University-Shahid Beheshti branch of Tehran viewpoint. The statistical population of this study was the student teachers of Shahid Beheshti Higher Education Center entering the year 2015 in which the 119 people of them were selected as the sample. As many as 31 questions about six main criteria (the assessment of Farhangian University, internship course lecturers, schools where the interns went for internship, teachers who guided interns in schools, self-assessment of internships and the assessment of education department) were designed and verified by internship professors and then a five-choice questionnaire was designed based on Likert Scale. The data obtained then analyzed using single sample t-test. The results obtained from the questionnaire proved that the university, internship lecturers and guidance teachers did not succeed in fulfilling their tasks. Thus, good coordination among university, Department of Education, and schools should be established.
No-free-information principle in general probabilistic theories
Authors: Heinosaari Teiko , Leppäjärvi Leevi , Plávala Martin
Published: July 2019

In quantum theory, the no-information-without-disturbance and no-free-information theorems express that those observables that do not disturb the measurement of another observable and those that can be measured jointly with any other observable must be trivial, i.e., coin tossing observables. We show that in the framework of general probabilistic theories these statements do not hold in general and continue to completely specify these two classes of observables. In this way, we obtain characterizations of the probabilistic theories where these statements hold. As a particular class of state spaces we consider the polygon state spaces, in which we demonstrate our results and show that while the no-information-without-disturbance principle always holds, the validity of the no-free-information principle depends on the parity of the number of vertices of the polygons.
Determining a local Hamiltonian from a single eigenstate
Authors: Qi Xiao-Liang , Ranard Daniel
Published: July 2019

We ask whether the knowledge of a single eigenstate of a local Hamiltonian is sufficient to uniquely determine the Hamiltonian. We present evidence that the answer is ``yes" for generic local Hamiltonians, given either the ground state or an excited eigenstate. In fact, knowing only the two-point equal-time correlation functions of local observables with respect to the eigenstate should generically be sufficient to exactly recover the Hamiltonian for finite-size systems, with numerical algorithms that run in a time that is polynomial in the system size. We also investigate the large-system limit, the sensitivity of the reconstruction to error, and the case when correlation functions are only known for observables on a fixed sub-region. Numerical demonstrations support the results for finite one-dimensional spin chains (though caution must be taken when extrapolating to infinite-size systems in higher dimensions). For the purpose of our analysis, we define the ``k-correlation spectrum" of a state, which reveals properties of local correlations in the state and may be of independent interest.
Psi Chi at 90 Years:
The International Honor Society in Psychology
Authors: Takooshian Harold
Published: July 2019

In 2019, Psi Chi celebrates its 90th and 10th birthdays as the National and International Honor Society in Psychology. This review of the glorious history of Psi Chi is in three parts: (1) its current mission, serving over 750000 life members in 1130 college campuses world-wide; (2) its humble but inspiring origins in 1929 at Yale University; (3) four points of impressive courage within the history of Psi Chi - in 1929, 1959, 1981, and 2009; and also includes a bibliography, for international and U.S. readers to access prior histories of Psi Chi.
Analysis of methods for determining the refraction coefficient in the atmospheric surface layer
Authors: Dementiev D.V.
Published: July 2019

In the instructions for modern geodetic instruments, it is recommended to introduce an amendment for the refraction, taking into account the “standard” refraction coefficient k = 0,13÷0,2. In fact, in the surface layer of the atmosphere, the refractive index can range from –6 to 6. Various classical methods of determining refraction are analyzed. Conclusions based on experimental work made by various researchers are presented. Using the results of numerous studies of various methods for determining vertical refraction, it can be concluded that all classical (static) methods do not provide a high degree of reliability to determine the refraction. An exception is the method of determining refraction at a neutral temperature stratification of the atmosphere, when the time interval is not very long. For this reason, their practical application is extremely limited. To improve the accuracy of determining refraction, it is necessary to take into account the turbulence of the atmosphere, that is, to use dynamic measurement methods that take the fluctuations of the electromagnetic wave passing through the path into account.
Pemberian Ice Breaking Lawan Gerak Untuk Pengembalian Konsentrasi Siswa Kelas IX.B Dalam Layanan Informasi SMP Negeri 14 Kota Jambi
Authors: Sami'ah Sami'ah
Published: July 2019

Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengembalikan konsentrasi siswa dengan teknik ice breaking lawan gerak dalam layanan informasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX B SMP Negeri 14 Kota Jambi dengan jumlah 33 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan konsentrasi siswa, hal itu ditunjukkan dari hasil siklus 1 berada pada presentase 47,9% yang dimana termasuk kedalam kategori sedang, pada siklus 2 bobot presentase adalah sebesar 75,2% yang dimana termasuk kedalam kategori tinggi. pada siklus 3 bobot presentase adalah sebesar 67,5% yang termasuk kedalam kategori tinggi.
Z. M. Rivas y D. Lee-DiStefano (Eds.). (2016). Imagining Asia in the Americas. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 203 pp.
Authors: Montt Strabucchi Maria
Published: July 2019

Z. M. Rivas y D. Lee-DiStefano (Eds.). (2016). Imagining Asia in the Americas. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 203 pp.
Ni madre, ni esposa. Mujeres indígenas de Amatenango del Valle, Chiapas, México
Authors: Linares Bravo Bárbara Carolina , Nazar Beutelspacher Austreberta , Zapata Martelo Emma
Published: July 2019

Este estudio explora, a partir de veinticuatro entrevistas semiestructuradas, las condiciones y motivaciones de las mujeres indígenas de Amatenango del Valle quienes, de manera voluntaria o circunstancial, permanecen sin hijos/as a lo largo de su vida reproductiva. La violencia de pareja, presente bajo múltiples formas, es una de las principales razones por las que las mujeres entrevistadas manifiestan su negativa a la conyugalidad. El costo de no unirse conlleva, en algunos casos, el rechazo a la maternidad. Los roles de género que deben cumplir las mujeres-esposas-madres, reflejados en la sobrecarga de trabajo, la constricción de la distribución del tiempo propio, e incluso la limitación del espacio de acción y de sociabilidad, son otras de las consideraciones comúnmente razonadas al momento de elegir no ser madre y no ser esposa. Finalmente, se observó que el acceso a la obtención de recursos monetarizados abre las posibilidades para elegir ser madre, ser esposa, o no serlo, y trazar con ello, desde las propias condiciones objetivas y subjetivas, un proyecto de vida.
OPEN LOOP &CLOSED LOOP VECTOR CONTROL of VFD THREE PHASE VERSION INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim Jaber
Published: July 2019

In this paper, a design of a vector control algorithm for a three-phase induction motor. The three phase AC induction motors are a popular in manufacturing industries as it has many benefits. It is quite simple and minimum cost is favourable, it does not have brushes and requires minimum maintenance. In order to achieve variable speed operations in a three-phase AC induction motor by open and closed loop vector control technique to improve the motor’s performance, is used because this technique has higher efficiency, accurate control of the motor’s speed and torque. To analyse vector control, by converting the three phase Quantities into 2-axes system called the d- q transformation. The d-q axes can be chosen to be stationary or rotating. MATLAB/ SIMULINK is used as tool to simulate the model of (IM) and applying the control technique on it. In open and closed loop vector control, by use of PWM inverter, voltage supply can vary as well as the supply frequency such that the ratio v/f remains constant so that the flux remains constant as well.
Evaluasi Kinerja Guru SMA Bersertifikasi Dengan Model Charlotte Danielson Di SMA Negeri
Authors: Lalupanda Erfy Melany , Sulasmono Bambang Suteng , Iriani Ade
Published: July 2019

The research aims to evaluate the performance of certified teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Waingapu, East Sumba Regency. The type of this research is evaluative research. The subject of this research is 7 teachers certified in SMA Negeri 1 Waingapu. The teacher performance evaluation model used is the Charlotte Danielson model that evaluates teacher performance in 4 domains: (1) Planning and Preparation, (2) Classroom Environment, (3) Instruction, and (4) Professional Responsibility. Data collection techniques that used are document studies, observation, and interviews. The data validity test is done by triangulation technique and source. Research result: (1) the performance of certified teachers in SMA Negeri 1 Waingapu, on Planning and Preparation domain, teachers are in proficient category, (2) on Classroom Environment domain, teachers are in basic category, (3) on Instruction domain, teachers are in proficient category, 4) on the domain of Professional Responsibility, teachers are in basic category.
Evaluasi Program Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Terintegrasi Mata Pelajaran Matematika di SMP Negeri
Authors: Taunu Elsy Senides Hana , Iriani Ade
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the implementation, influence, and factors affecting the implementation of the program in SMP Negeri 2 Waingapu. This research type is evaluative research by using a qualitative method. The evaluation program model used is a goal-free evaluation model. Interviews, observations, and document studies are techniques used for data collection. Data validity test is done with triangulation, technique and data source triangulation. The results showed that 1) the implementation of character education program in SMP Negeri 2 Waingapu has not been optimal yet, either in terms of planning, implementation or evaluation; 2) the effect of the program on integrating character values in Mathematics is positive on student achievement and behavior but also negative on teacher workload; 3) factors which affect the program are: facilities and infrastructures, information access, teachers, students.
КОМП’ЮТЕРНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ САМООРГАНІЗАЦІЇ КЛАСТЕРНИХ СИСТЕМ: ЗАЛЕЖНІСТЬ СТРУКТУРИ ВІД ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ГЕНЕЗИСУ
Authors: Kryvchenko Yuri
Published: July 2019

Актуальність теми дослідження. Перколяційні методи показують високу ефективність під час дослідження речовини, генезису й еволюції зв'язкових областей у матеріалах. У таких задачах вивчається і кластерна система фізичного тіла, і її вплив на об’єкт загалом. Вивчення структури та властивостей перколяційних кластерів дозволить досліджувати і прогнозувати поведінку об’єктів (твердих тіл) у різних умовах зовнішнього середовища, генезис їх утворень у часі.
Постановка проблеми. Практичне дослідження кластерних систем у твердих тілах пов’язано зі складністю і трудомісткістю експериментів. Основні проблеми полягають у тому, що для отримання достовірної інформації про структуру і властивості необхідно синтезувати кластери із широким діапазоном параметрів і створити надійну систему їх діагностики.
Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. У статті наведено огляд останніх публікацій в українських і закордонних журналах, включаючи експериментальні й теоретичні роботи, що містять дослідження самоорганізованої критичності.
Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. У наведених дослідженнях розширюються можливості опису процесів генерації та еволюції кластерних систем у твердих тілах; міститься гіпотеза, що дозволяє істотно збільшити кількість варіантів кластероутворення.
Постановка завдання. Провести імітаційне моделювання кластероутворення із взаємодіючими елементами за допомогою методу Монте-Карло. Визначити залежності параметрів перколяційних систем, що самоорганізуються, від ступеня самоорганізації, довжини кореляції, швидкості генерації системи та інших параметрів. Отримати аналітичні вирази залежностей та значення відносної похибки.
Виклад основного матеріалу. Для вирішення задач, пов’язаних із практичним дослідженням кластерних систем, розроблено програмний комплекс моделювання кластероутворення, у якому імітується взаємодія кластеркластер і кластер-частка. У моделі вирішується багатовимірна перколяційна задача. Як алгоритм зростання кластерів використовується шлях послідовного нарощування заданої кількості часток.
Висновки відповідно до статті. Комп'ютерні розрахунки, проведені, зокрема, методом Монте-Карло, дають найбільш надійні передбачення властивостей перколяційних систем. У роботі отримані аналітичні вирази для залежностей потужності нескінченного кластера, радіус-вектора центра мас, ступеня анізотропії та фрактальної розмірності від відстані агрегації, від кількості часток, генерованих на кожній ітерації, та від кількості актів взаємодії між елементами кластерної системи.
Avaliação de hábitos alimentares de universitários em Paripiranga-BA
Authors: Rodrigues Wellington Pereira , Gonçalves Priscila Dantas , Oliveira Josefa Juliana de , Santos Qhetillin da Silva , Brito Robenildo dos Santos , Sousa Fabíola Ferreira de , Souza Daniela de , Soares Ana Paula Gomes , Pereira Renan Sallazar Ferreira , Siqueira Ingrid Borges
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar hábitos alimentares e estilo de vida de adultos estudantes do Centro Universitário AGES. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo, de campo, conduzido por 161 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, idade de 20 a 59 anos. Os pacientes foram avaliados de acordo com a definição de alimentos funcionais. A restrição alimentar destes foi analisada por um questionário de frequência alimentar, que foi readaptado para alguns alimentos, de acordo com as categorias de consumo: habitual, não habitual, raramente consumido e nunca consumido. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob o parecer nº 024-2017. Resultados: Cerca de 43% dos participantes da amostra que declararam consumir refrigerante, consomem mais de um litro por dia, causando riscos à saúde. Apesar dos resultados negativos já citados, o estudo aponta que há preocupação dos estudantes na qualidade dos hábitos alimentares, quando 45% destes alegam que preferem sucos naturais, 44% dos universitários relataram que só tomam refrigerante raramente e 53% responderam que leem os rótulos dos alimentos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que foi possível perceber que o consumo de industrializados de forma geral ainda é crescente, principalmente no público adulto e universitário, fazendo-se necessário a criticidade durante a compra do produto, bem como no momento das escolhas alimentares.
Hierarchical Micro-/Macroporous TS-1 Zeolite Epoxidation Catalyst Prepared by Steam Assisted Crystallization
Authors: Smeets Valentin , Gaigneaux Eric M. , Debecker Damien
Published: July 2019

Mesoporous Ti–SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared under alkaline conditions in the presence of a surfactant and were subsequently converted into a hierarchical micro-/macroporous TS-1 zeolite with large crystal size using steam assisted crystallization. In this procedure, the precursor nanoparticles were used both as macroporous hard template and as Si and Ti sources. The secondary macroporosity is a reminiscence of the nanoparticles which undergo dissolution and recrystallization upon steaming. The obtained catalyst has structural properties comparable to benchmark TS-1. We show that the successful conversion of the amorphous material into a fully crystalline catalyst stands for its excellent catalytic performance in aqueous media. Besides, the combination of large crystal size with a hierarchical pore structure ensures easy catalyst handling and processing without compromising on the catalytic activity.
Interactions of Na+ Cations with a Highly Charged Fatty Acid Langmuir Monolayer: Molecular Description of the Phase Transition
Authors: Sthoer Adrien , Tyrode Eric
Published: July 2019

Vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy has been used to study the molecular properties upon compression of a highly charged arachidic acid Langmuir monolayer, which displays a first order phase transition plateau in the surface pressure - molecular area (p-A) isotherm. By targeting vibrational modes from the carboxylic acid headgroup, alkyl chain, and interfacial water molecules, information regarding the surface charge, surface potential, type of ion pair formed, and conformational order of the monolayer could be extracted. The monolayer in the liquid expanded phase is found to be fully charged until reaching the 2D-phase transition plateau, where partial reprotonation, as well as the formation of COO⎺ Na+ contact-ion pairs, start to take place. In the condensed phase after the transition, three headgroup species, mainly hydrated COO⎺, COOH, and COO⎺ Na+ contact-ion pairs could be identified and their proportions quantified. Comparison with theoretical models shows that despite the low ionic strengths used (i.e. 10 mM), the predictions from the Gouy Chapman model are only adequate for the lowest surface densities, when the surface charge does not exceed -0.1 C/m2. In contrast, a modified Poisson-Boltzmann (MPB) model that accounts for the steric effects associated with the finite ion-size, captures many of the experimental observables, including the partial reprotonation, and surface potential changes upon compression. The agreement highlights the importance of hydronium ion – carboxylate interactions, as well as the layer of sodium ions packed at the steric limit, for explaining the phase transition behavior. The MPB model, however, does not explicitly consider the formation of contact ion pairs with the sodium counterion. The experimental results provide a quantitative molecular insight that could be used to test potential extensions to the theory.
Green Exfoliation of Graphite Flakes to Efficiently Synthesize Biographene
Authors: Losada-Garcia Noelia , Berenguer-Murcia Angel , Cazorla-Amorós Diego , Palomo Jose M
Published: July 2019

A new simple, rapid, and efficient methodology to produce undamaged graphene sheets from graphite flakes in water by a bio-exfoliation technology is described. The methodology consists in the application of a lipase, with a very exclusive mechanism of interaction with hydrophobic surfaces, combined with a previous mechanical sonication, to selectively generate biographene in water. The adsorption of the lipase on the graphene sheets permits to keep the sheets separated in comparison with other methods. It is possible to obtain more than 80% of graphene (in the form of Few Layer Graphene) from low-cost graphite and with less damage compared to commercial graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO. Experimental analysis demonstrated the formation of bilayer graphene mainly using lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL).
The Implementation of MDGs Program on Eradication of Extreme Poverty and Hunger in Indonesia (2009-2014)
Authors: Rahmah Syifa Zia , Wonoadi Grace Lestariana , Zulfikar Achmad
Published: July 2019

The study of the implementation of Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) program in Indonesia aims to find out the background and significance of the program taken by the government under President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in 2009-2014 on the issue of eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. The problem of extreme poverty and hunger in Indonesia has not been solved comprehensively. Therefore, the government had to provide the right program to end poverty. The research based on the qualitative method, which uses official reports, literature review and news articles as the sources. The result showed that the programs of eradication extreme poverty and hunger in 2009-2014 had been revised became three clusters. The first cluster aims to help and protects the social family guarantee and to assure the basic needs. The second cluster is the eradication of poverty and hunger through the social assistance program. The third cluster was focusing on eradication of poverty and hunger in term of economic matter. The government used the indicators by UNDP, as the base of the decision-making process, but also used the real condition of poor people in Indonesia as the main consideration.
Species abundance and temporal variation of arbovirus vectors in Brownsville, Texas
Authors: Srinivasan Krithika , Tapia Beatriz , Rodriguez Arturo , Wood Robert , Salinas Jennifer J
Published: July 2019

The recent outbreaks of the dengue fever and West Nile viruses and the looming threats of the Zika and chikungunya viruses highlight the importance of establishing effective, proactive arboviral surveillance in communities at high risk of transmission, such as those on the Texas–Mexico border. Currently, there are no approved human vaccines available for these mosquito-borne diseases, so entomological control and case management are the only known methods for decreasing disease incidence. The principal vectors, which include Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Ae. Albopictus, all have an established presence in South Texas. The public health response to most arbovirus outbreaks in the region has been reactionary rather than proactive. However, after the 2005 dengue outbreak and subsequent fatality, the City of Brownsville Public Health Department began collecting data on mosquito vector abundance and incidence. The objective of this study was to describe the various species of mosquitoes found in vector surveillance in Brownsville, Texas, during 2009–2013; quantify their prevalence; and identify any associations with temporal or weather-related variations. The results confirm a significant mosquito population in Brownsville in late winter months, indicating a high risk of arbovirus transmission in South Texas year-round, and not just until November, previously considered the end date of arbovirus season by state health services. The data from Brownsville’s surveillance program can help characterize local vector ecology and facilitate more proactive mitigation of future arboviral threats in South Texas.
Prevalence of active transportation among adults in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review of population-based studies
Authors: de Sá Thiago Hérick , de Rezende Leandro Fórnias Machado , Borges Maria Carolina , Nakamura Priscila Missaki , Anapolsky Sebastian , Parra Diana , Adami Fernando , Monteiro Carlos Augusto
Published: July 2019

Objective.To describe the prevalence of “active” (self-propelled, human-powered) transportation in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region over the past decade.

Methods.MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica (Embase), SportDiscus, Lilacs, MediCarib, Web of Science, OVID, CINAHL, Scopus, Google Scholar, National Transportation Library, and TRIS/TRID were searched for articles on active transportation published between January 2003 and December 2014 with (at least) a title and abstract in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Research was included in the study if the two reviewing authors agreed it 1) was conducted in an adult sample (≥ 18 years old), 2) was designed to be representative of any LAC area, and 3) reported at least one measure of active transportation. Reference lists of included papers and retrieved reviews were also checked. A total of 129 key informants (87 scientific experts and 42 government authorities) were contacted to identify additional candidate publications. Two other authors extracted the data independently.

Results.A total of 10 459 unique records were found; the full texts of 143 were reviewed; and a total of 45 studies were included in the study, yielding estimates for 72 LAC settings, most of which were in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia. No eligible studies were found for the years 2003–2004, resulting in a 10-year study time frame. Estimates were available for walking, cycling, or the combination of both, with a high degree of heterogeneity (heterogeneity index (I2) ≥ 99%). The median prevalence of active transportation (combining walking and cycling) was 12.0%, ranging from 5.1% (in Palmas, Brazil) to 58.9% (in Rio Claro, Brazil). Men cycled more than women in all regions for which information was available. The opposite was true for walking.

Conclusions.Prevalence of active transportation in LAC varied widely, with great heterogeneity and uneven distribution of studies across countries, indicating the need for efforts to build comprehensive surveillance systems with standardized, timely, and detailed estimates of active transportation in order to support policy planning and evaluation.
Vigilância epidemiológica da transmissão vertical da sífilis: dados de seis unidades federativas no Brasil
Authors: Miranda Angelica Espinosa , Saraceni Valeria , Pereira Gerson Fernando Mendes , da Silveira Mariangela Freitas , Araujo Maria Alix Leite
Published: July 2019

Objetivo. Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos casos notificados de sífilis em gestantes e sífilis congênita nos estados brasileiros do Amazonas, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro e Rio Grande do Sul e no Distrito Federal a partir de dados do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN).

Métodos. Estudo descritivo incluindo avaliação ecológica e transversal. Foram utilizados dados do SINAN Net. Foram calculadas a taxa de detecção de sífilis em gestantes e a taxa de incidência de sífilis congênita por 1 000 nascidos vivos. Para identificar as gestantes notificadas com sífilis com desfecho de sífilis congênita, as duas bases do SINAN foram relacionadas por meio do software RecLink. Como os dados eram de representatividade regional, as comparações foram feitas entre as unidades da federação, e não com a soma dos casos.

Resultados A taxa de detecção de sífilis em gestantes cresceu entre 21% (Amazonas) e 75% (Rio de Janeiro). A incidência de sífilis congênita seguiu o mesmo perfil de incremento, variando de 35,6% no Distrito Federal a 639,9% no Rio Grande do Sul, com redução de 0,7% no Amazonas. A realização de pré-natal nas mulheres com desfecho de sífilis congênita variou de 67,3% no Amazonas a 83,3% no Distrito Federal. Das gestantes com sífilis, 43% tiveram desfecho notificado de sífilis congênita. Nas gestantes com sífilis e desfecho de sífilis congênita, o diagnóstico materno ocorreu durante o pré-natal em 74% e no parto em 18%. Em 8% das mulheres ignorava-se o momento do diagnóstico.

Conclusão. O incremento nas taxas de detecção de sífilis pode ter resultado do aumento na notificação. O monitoramento constante em gestantes é essencial para a eliminação desses agravos.
Estimación de la demanda de medicamentos antichagásicos: una contribución para el acceso en América Latina
Authors: Costa Chaves Gabriela , Abi-Saab Arrieche Mariana , Rode Joelle , Mechali Daniel , Ouverney Reis Priscileyne , Vieira Alves Renato , Stobbaerts Eric , Girón Aguilar Nora , Ribeiro Isabela
Published: July 2019

Objetivo.Describir una herramienta de estimación de la demanda de benznidazol y nifurtimox para la enfermedad de Chagas y relatar su aplicación en un conjunto de países de América Latina.

Métodos.El proyecto se desarrolló en las siguientes etapas: 1) elaboración de una herramienta y definición de las variables de evaluación y decisión para estimación de la demanda, 2) recolección de datos a partir de un cuestionario a representantes de programas de control, complementado con datos de la literatura, 3) presentación, validación y adaptación de la herramienta por representantes de los programas de control, con la intención de planificar la adquisición de medicamentos para los años de 2012 y 2013, y 4) análisis complementar de los datos obtenidos, en especial benznidazol, y comparación de las estimaciones de los países.

Resultados.Catorce países endémicos de América Latina participaron de la tercera etapa, con definición de una estimación consolidada. El número de tratamientos estimados a partir del número de comprimidos por tratamiento establecido en el esquema de referencia resultó ser de 867 en menores de un año, 2 042 835 en el grupo de 1 a 15 años, 2 028 en el grupo de 15 a 20 años y de 10 248 en adultos mayores de 20 años. Este cuantitativo representa la posibilidad de tratar menos de 1% de las personas con indicación para tratamiento con benznidazol.

Conclusiones.El desarrollo y el uso sistemático de herramientas de gestión de la demanda pueden jugar un papel clave en el apoyo al acceso a los medicamentos en la enfermedad de Chagas. Existe una brecha significativa entre las previsiones de demanda de medicamentos y estimaciones actuales de las tasas de prevalencia.
Promoting and regulating generic medicines: Brazil in comparative perspective
Authors: da Fonseca Elize Massard , Shadlen Kenneth C
Published: July 2019

Promoting the use of generic drugs can constitute a core instrument for countries’ national pharmaceutical policies, one that reduces drug expenditure while expanding health care access. Despite the potential importance of such policy measures and the differences among national practices, scholars embarking on comparative analysis lack a roadmap for determining which dimensions of generic drug policy to assess and compare. This report fills that gap by considering national rules and regulations across four dimensions deemed crucial to any evaluation: demonstrated therapeutic equivalence; pharmaceutical packaging and labeling; drug prescription; and drug substitution. Furthermore, this report examines how the diverse interests of public and private sector stakeholders might shape generic drug policy and its implementation. To illustrate the challenges and conflicts behind policy development and implementation, this report focuses on the case of Brazil.
Development of in-house serological methods for diagnosis and surveillance of chikungunya
Authors: Balmaseda Ángel , Saborío Galo Saira , González Karla , Téllez Yolanda , García Nadezna , Pérez Leonel , Gresh Lionel , Harris Eva
Published: July 2019

Objective.To develop and evaluate serological methods for chikungunya diagnosis and research in Nicaragua.

Methods.Two IgM ELISA capture systems (MAC-ELISA) for diagnosis of acute chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections, and two Inhibition ELISA Methods (IEM) to measure total antibodies against CHIKV were developed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and hyperimmune serum at the National Virology Laboratory of Nicaragua in 2014–2015. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and agreement of the MAC-ELISAs were obtained by comparing the results of 198 samples (116 positive; 82 negative) with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s IgM ELISA (Atlanta, Georgia, United States; CDC-MAC-ELISA). For clinical evaluation of the four serological techniques, 260 paired acute and convalescent phase serum samples of suspected chikungunya cases were used.

Results.All four assays were standardized by determining the optimal concentrations of the different reagents. Processing times were substantially reduced compared to the CDC-MAC-ELISA. For the MAC-ELISA systems, a sensitivity of 96.6% and 97.4%, and a specificity of 98.8% and 91.5% were obtained using mAb and hyperimmune serum, respectively, compared with the CDC method. Clinical evaluation of the four serological techniques versus the CDC real-time RT-PCR assay resulted in a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 88.8%–95.9%.

Conclusion.Two MAC-ELISA and two IEM systems were standardized, demonstrating very good quality for chikungunya diagnosis and research demands. This will achieve more efficient epidemiological surveillance in Nicaragua, the first country in Central America to produce its own reagents for serological diagnosis of CHIKV. The methods evaluated here can be applied in other countries and will contribute to sustainable diagnostic systems to combat the disease.