bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yiddish Adaptations of Children’s Stories from World Literature
Authors: Shmeruk Chone
Published: October 2023

In the original German prose version in the famous collection by the Brothers Grimm, no name other than Red Riding-Hood is mentioned.1 But in the rhymed Yiddish version, entitled “Royt mentele” (“Little Red Coat”), the girl is given a name to rhyme with the title: Yentele. In this version of the tale, the story takes place on Purim. Yentele is on her way to bring grandma the traditional basket of Purim treats: a homentash, a strudel, a Purim-cake and a fruit layer cake. There is no hunter as there is in the original; instead, the hero who saves Yentele and grandma is Yehiel, the water carrier.
Bandwagon Images in American Foreign Policy: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Larson Deborah Welch
Published: October 2023

In 1947, George Kennan warned that loss of Greece would“render a tremendous impetus to 'band wagon' adherents to the communist movement:”

It might well be sufficient to push both Italy and France across that fateful line which divides the integrity and independence of national life from the catastrophe of communist dictatorship. It might mean that final loss of our positions in North Africa; and the Iberian peninsula could then not long holdout. It might well make hopeless the position of other non-communist countries in northwestern Europe …. It would necessarily paralyze the political will of [England] and would probably make it impossible for it to do anything else than to cling to a precarious and unhappy neutrality.
The Truman Administration and Global Responsibilities: The Birth of the Falling Domino Principle
Authors: Macdonald Douglas J
Published: October 2023

On April 7, 1954, President Dwight Eisenhower spoke on Indochina at a press conference: you have broader considerations that might follow what you would call the“falling domino” principle. You have a row of dominoes set up, you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly
As Moscow Sees US
Authors: Mills Richard M
Published: October 2023

As perestroika has dramatically altered the political climate in the Soviet Union, so too has Mikhail Gorbachev's agenda of reform modified America's disposition towards its superpower rival. Yet how do the Soviet people and policy-makers perceive the United States and its political and socio-economic structure? How do American politics and society appear when scrutinized by Marxist-Leninist theory? How do Soviet ideologues and intellectuals struggle to place American successes within a rigid ideological framework? In this work, Richard Mills examines the ways in which Soviet analysts interpret American domestic and foreign politics and the complex factors that shape continuities and changes in the Soviet framework.
Inhibin and Inhibin-Related Proteins
Authors: Robertson David M , Risbridger, Gail P , Kretser David M de
Published: October 2023

It has been recognized for many years that the gonads produce a nonsteroidal factor termed inhibin that preferentially suppresses pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. Progress in its isolation, characterization, and clarification of its physiology, however, has only occurred since 1985 after the development of sensitive and reliable in vitro bioassay methods that provided a means to monitor the purification of inhibin and to provide baseline information on its physiology and mechanism of action. During this period inhibin has been purified from the gonadal extracts of several species, its amino acid sequence determined by cloning techniques, and, more recently, expressed in human cell lines. Its role in the physiological control of FSH secretion has been clarified with the development of sensitive radioimmunoassay methods. Much of the early work concentrated in females, particularly with the isolation and characterization of inhibin from ovarian follicular fluid sources; however, inhibin with similar characteristics to that isolated in females has also been isolated from male gonadal extracts.
Introduction
Authors: Cameron Rondo
Published: October 2023

The papers collected in this volume deal with international banking and investment in an important historical era, the generation or so before World War I. In that period international investment reached dimensions previously unknown, and the banking systems of the world achieved a degree of internationalization also without precedent. It should not be thought, however, that either international banking or international investment were novelties. On the contrary, each had centuries-long histories. This brief introduction is intended to provide a context for appreciating the developments that occurred after 1870.
The Timber Bubble That Burst
Authors: Mattey Joe P
Published: October 2023

In this book, Mattey studies the unusual movements in the price of federal timber over 1979-1981. Wide differentials between the price of timber, future contracts, and the price of delivered timber threw the Pacific Northwest into a recession in 1982-84 when timber buyers delayed harvests in order to postpone the realization of their losses on their contracts. Mattey shows that it was not so much the actions of the Federal Reserve - which was widely blamed for the crisis - but the actions of the buyers themselves that caused the recession.
The Politics of Military Rule In Brazil, 1964–85
Authors: Skidmore Thomas E
Published: October 2023

The largest and most important country in Latin America, Brazil was the first to succumb to the military coups that struck that region in the 1960s and the early 1970s. In this authoritative study, Thomas E. Skidmore, one of America’ s leading experts on Latin America and, in particular, on Brazil, offers the first analysis of more than two decades of military rule, from the overthrow of Joo Goulart in 1964, to the return of democratic civilian government in 1985 with the presidency of José Sarney. A sequel to Skidmore’ s highly acclaimed Politics in Brazil, 1930-1964, this volume explores the military rule in depth. Why did the military depose Goulart? What kind of “economic miracle” did their technocrats fashion? Why did General Costa e Silva’ s attempts to “humanize the Revolution” fail, only to be followed by the most repressive regime of the period? What led Generals Geisel and Golbery to launch the liberalization that led to abertura? What role did the Brazilian Catholic Church, the most innovative in the Americas, play? How did the military government respond in the early 1980s to galloping inflation and an unpayable foreign debt? Skidmore concludes by examining the early Sarney presidency and the clues it may offer for the future. Will democratic governments be able to meet the demands of urban workers and landless peasants while maintaining economic growth and international competitiveness? Can Brazil at the same time control inflation and service the largest debt in the developing world? Will its political institutions be able to represent effectively an electorate now three times larger than in 1964? What role will the military play in the future? In recent years, many Third World nations--Argentina, the Philippines, and Uruguay, among others--have moved from repressive military regimes to democratic civilian governments. Skidmore’ s study provides insight into the nature of this transition in Brazil and what it may tell about the fate of democracy in the Third World.
Turbulence in the American Workplace
Authors: Doeringer Peter B , Christensen Kathleen , Flynn Patricia M , Hall Douglas T , Katz Harry C , Keefe Jeffrey H , Ruhm Christopher J , Sum Andrew M , Useem Michael
Published: October 2023

This book deals with critical issues resulting from the impact of corporate restructuring on workers. U.S. industry has undergone a shakeout resulting from increasing competitive pressures and the globalization of production. As a result, some two million workers have been laid-off from their employers. Individual chapters have been drafted by an interdisciplinary group of academics who explore seven key areas: demographic changes of younger and older workers, workforce displacement from lay-offs, human resources planning for downsizing and mergers, technological change, changes in the roles of unions, changes in managerial and professional work, and `contingent’ and flexible employment. The drafts of the chapters have been extensively edited and, in some cases, rewritten so that the book will read more like a series of chapters than a group of papers. The work was commissioned by the National Planning Association who will be a party to the contract.
The Nature of the Firm (1937)
Authors: Coase R H
Published: October 2023

Economic theory has suffered in the past from a failure to state clearly its assumption. Economists in building up a theory have often omitted to examine the foundations on which it was erected. This examination is, however, essential not only to prevent the misunderstanding and needles controversy which arise from a lack of knowledge of the assumptions on which a theory is based, but also because of the extreme importance for economics of good judgment in choosing between rival sets of assumptions. For instance, it is suggested that the use of the word “firm” in economics may be different from the use of the term by the “plain man.” Since there is apparently a trend in economic theory towards starting analysis with the individual firm and not with the industry, it is all the more necessary not only that a clear definition of the word “firm” should be given but that its difference from a firm in the “real world,” if it exists, should be made clear. Mrs. Robinson has said that “the two questions to be asked of a set of assumptions in economics are: Are they tractable? and: Do they correspond with the real world?”3 Though, as Mrs. Robinson points out, “More often one set will be manageable and the other realis tic,” yet there may well be branches of theory where assumptions may be both manageable and realistic. It is hoped to show in the following paper that a definition of a firm may be obtained which is not only realistic in that it corresponds to what is meant by a firm in the real world, but is tractable by two of the most powerful instruments of economic analysis developed by Marshall, the idea of the margin and that of substitution, together giving the idea of substitution at the margin. Our definition must, of course, “relate to formal relations which are capable of being conceived exactly.’’
The Logic of Economic Organization
Authors: Williamson Oliver E
Published: October 2023

That the state of transaction cost economics in 1972 was approximately where Coase had left it in 19371 is largely attributable to the failure, for thirty-five years, to operationalize this important concept. That this flat trajectory has been supplanted by exponential growth during the past fifteen years is because recent students of transaction cost economics have insisted that this approach meet the test of refutable implications. Interestingly, these operationalization efforts have spawned a growing empirical literature. As discussed elsewhere (Williamson, 1985), and as Paul Joskow’s conference paper (chapter 8) discloses, this empirical literature is broadly corroborative.
Incomplete Contracts and the Theory of the Firm
Authors: Hart Oliver D
Published: October 2023

“The Nature of the Firm” (together with Coase’s later paper, “The Problem of Social Cost”) has had an enormous influence on the development of research in the theory of organization, even if for a long time it was, in Coase’s words, “much cited and little used.” The situation has changed in the last ten to fifteen years, however, with the publication of a number of contributions which have refined and extended Coase’s ideas about the firm. My plan in this paper is to reflect on recent developments and to offer a perspective on where the field stands and also where it may be going. I will begin with a brief summary of the main ideas and issues as they have grown out of Coase’s work. I will then discuss how the firm as an institution can be thought of as arising from the incompleteness of contracts and the need to allocate residual control rights. Finally, I will return to a comparison of this view of the firm with others that have been advanced in the literature. As many people have noted, standard neoclassical theory treats the firm as a black box. The firm is taken as given; no attention is paid to how it came into existence, the nature of its internal organization, or whether anything would change if two firms merged and called themselves a single firm.
The Theory of the Firm Revisited
Authors: Demsetz Harold
Published: October 2023

From the birth of modern economics in 1776 to 1970, a span of almost 200 years, only two works seem to have been written about the theory of the firm that have altered the perspectives of the profession—Knight’s Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit (1921) and Coase’s “The Nature of the Firm” (1937). This neglect is attributable fundamentally to the preoccupation of economists with the price system; the study of the price system, characterized as it is by Marshall’s representative firm and Walras’s auctioneer, undermines serious consideration of the firm as a problem solving institution. Coase’s contribution is seminal for several reasons, but certainly for calling attention to the absence of a theory of the existence of the firm and to the importance (to this theory) of the fact that markets do not operate costlessly. Nonetheless, the theory of the firm is still incomplete and unclear in ways that are discussed in the middle part of this paper. A more complete theory of the firm must give greater weight to information cost than is given either in Coase’s theory or in theories based on shirking and opportunism. This is discussed in the last part of this paper. Information cost figures importantly in transaction cost theory because information cost is an important component of transaction cost. It also figures importantly in Knight’s risk-sharing and in agency theories of the firm. Its importance, however, is more fundamental than even these theories contemplate. It is useful therefore to begin this paper with a discussion of why the costless information that is assumed in the perfect competition model renders the model ineffective for studying the firm.
On Coase, Competence, and the Corporation
Authors: Winter Sidney G
Published: October 2023

Ronald Coase observed in his first lecture that his contribution to the theory of the firm did not appear to him to be in any sense foreordained, but rather was the result of a conjunction of circumstances in his life that resulted in his exposure to a particular set of influences and facts.1 These influences and facts he fashioned into an absorbing intellectual puzzle that he then undertook to solve. I will argue that the broader history of the theory of the firm also reveals the major shaping role of conjunctions of circumstances that are accidental at least in the sense that they do not reflect the internal logic of the subject matter. The legacy of these accidents along the historical track is visible in the present state of the subject. Without demeaning the contributions that any of us have made, I think we must acknowledge that the present state is one of incoherence. If we ask, “What does economics have to say about the role of the business firm in a market economy?” the response will be silence followed by an excited babble of significantly conflicting answers-an interesting babble, but a babble nonetheless.
What Is the Key to Black Progress?
Authors: Margo Robert A
Published: October 2023

In his landmark 1943 book An American Dilemma, Gunnar Myrdal described the economic conditions of black Americans as “pathological.” Except for a small number “enjoying upper or middle class status,” the “masses of American Negroes” were “destitute.” He continued: They own little property; even their household goods are mostly inadequate and dilapidated. Their incomes are not only low but irregular. They thus live from day to day and have scant security for the future.
Science
Authors:   Rutherford
Published: October 2023

In order to compete in the modern world, any society today must rank education in science, mathematics, and technology as one of its highest priorities. It’s a sad but true fact, however, that most Americans are not scientifically literate. International studies of educational performance reveal that U.S. students consistently rank near the bottom in science and mathematics. The latest study of the National Assessment of Educational Progress has found that despite some small gains recently, the average performance of seventeen-year-olds in 1986 remained substantially lower than it had been in 1969. As the world approaches the twenty-first century, American schools--when it comes to the advancement of scientific knowledge--seem to be stuck in the Victorian age. In Science for All Americans, F. James Rutherford and Andrew Ahlgren brilliantly tackle this devastating problem. Based on Project 2061, a scientific literacy initiative sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, this wide-ranging, important volume explores what constitutes scientific literacy in a modern society; the knowledge, skills, and attitudes all students should acquire from their total school experience from kindergarten through high school; and what steps this country must take to begin reforming its system of education in science, mathematics, and technology. Science for All Americans describes the scientifically literate person as one who knows that science, mathematics, and technology are interdependent enterprises with strengths and limitations; who understands key concepts and principles of science; who recognizes both the diversity and unity of the natural world; and who uses scientific knowledge and scientific ways of thinking for personal and social purposes. Its recommendations for educational reform downplay traditional subject categories and instead highlight the connections between them. It also emphasizes ideas and thinking skills over the memorization of specialized vocabulary. For instance, basic scientific literacy means knowing that the chief function of living cells is assembling protein molecules according to the instructions coded in DNA molecules, but does not mean necessarily knowing the terms “ribosome” or “deoxyribonucleic acid.” Science, mathematics, and technology will be at the centre of the radical changes in the nature of human existence that will occur during the next life span; therefore, preparing today’s children for tomorrow’s world must entail a solid education in these areas. Science for All Americans will help pave the way for the necessary reforms in America’s schools.
The Human Organism
Authors:   Rutherford
Published: October 2023

In most biological respects, humans are like other living organisms. For instance, they are made up of cells like those of other animals, have much the same chemical composition, have organ systems and physical characteristics like many others, reproduce in a similar way, carry the same kind of genetic information system, and are part of a food web.
The Mathematical World
Authors:   Rutherford
Published: October 2023

There are several kinds of numbers that in combination with a logic for interrelating them form interesting abstract systems and can be useful in a variety of very different ways. The age-old concept of number probably originated in the need to count how many things there were in a collection of things. Thus, fingers, pebbles in containers, marks on clay tablets, notches on sticks, and knots on cords were all early ways of keeping track of and representing counted quantities. More recently, during the past 2,000 years or so, various systems of writing have been used to represent numbers.
Habits Of Mind
Authors:   Rutherford
Published: October 2023

Science education should contribute to people’s knowledge of the shared values of scientists, mathematicians, and engineers; reinforcement of general societal values; the inculcation in people of informed, balanced beliefs about the social value of science, mathematics, and technology; and the development in young people of positive attitudes toward learning science, mathematics, and technology.
The University And The City
Authors: Bender Thomas
Published: October 2023

This book contains an innovative and important series of studies of the complex relations of major cities associated with key moments in the history of higher learning in the West. By exploring the interplay of university learning and civic culture over the centuries, Bender provides a novel perspective on the history of both universities and cities. The theme is pursued in studies of Bologna, Paris, Florence, Leiden, Geneva, Edinburgh, London, Berlin, Frankfurt, Chicago, and New York by several distinguished scholars, including Gene Brucker, Carl Schorske, Edward Shils, Martin Jay, and Nathan Glazer.
Conversations with Nietzsche
Authors: Gilman Sander L
Published: October 2023

These eighty-seven memoirs, anecdotes, and informal recollections by a broad range of reporters reflect both the reality and the myths surrounding this legendary figure. Together, they cover the entire span of Nietzsche’s life and yield new insights into Nietzsche as a thinker and as a commentator on his times, recounting his views on religion, philosophy, women, literature, arts, and some of the great thinkers and historical figures.
Illustrations of Nonlinear Pricing
Authors: Wilson Robert
Published: October 2023

Quantity discounts have a long history in business practice. The number of deliberate applications of the principles of nonlinear pricing has, however, increased markedly in recent years. Three causes account for this growth. The elementary explanation is that an increasing number of firms offer standardized products or services in mass markets. Because these markets comprise diverse market segments, but a single tariff, price schedule, or menu of options is offered, there are advantages to tariffs that differentiate products or services according to observable aspects of customers’ purchases, such as purchase size or quality selection. Moreover, the rudimentary tasks of monitoring purchases and of accounting and billing have been simplified by computerized data processing.
Ramsey Pricing
Authors: Wilson Robert
Published: October 2023

Many public enterprises and regulated privately-owned utilities are allowed revenues sufficient only to recover their total costs. Besides operating and administrative costs, these include costs of capital invested in capacity. For such firms, one procedure that produces an efficient tariff design is Ramsey pricing. The construction in § 4 of a price schedule for a profit-maximizing monopolist is an application of tariff design based on Ramsey pricing: monopoly pricing is the special case in which the firm’s capital and administrative costs are so large that profit maximization is required. More generally, Ramsey pricing allows the firm sufficient use of monopoly power to meet its revenue requirement.
Capacity Pricing
Authors: Wilson Robert
Published: October 2023

More elaborate multidimensional tariffs are used when firms incur costs for capacity installed to meet customers’ peak loads. Prominent examples are the telecommunications, power, and transport industries, which require substantial investments in durable capital equipment committed for long durations. Provision of capacity is important in many labor-intensive service industries too; repair shops, for instance, meet requirements on peak days by employing sufficient repairmen, but some of these are idle on offpeak days. In these industries, customers’ demands vary over time, whereas capacity is comparatively stable. Moreover, the product or service is difficult or expensive to store, so inventories cannot smooth the firm’s production rate.
Clio With Soul
Authors: Woodward C Vann
Published: October 2023

All Who Write or teach American history are aware by now of the demand for more attention to the part that Negro people have played. It may come quietly from a distressed college dean, or it may come peremptorily and noisily from militant student protest. In any case the demand is insistent that we move over and make room. With whatever grace they can muster and what­ever resources they command, historians as teachers are respond­ing one way or another.
The Comparability of American History
Authors: Woodward C Vann
Published: October 2023

To Limit The Subject Of Historical Study within national boundaries is always to invite the charge of narrow perspective and historical nationalism. Historians of all nations have in some measure incurred that risk, but Americans have been accused of more than the normal share of this type of parochialism. They are said to lay excessive claims to distinctiveness and uniqueness in their national experience, to plead immunity from the influ­ence of historical forces that have swept most other nations, to shun or deprecate comparisons between their history and that of other people, and to seek within their own borders all the signifi­cant forces that have shaped their history.
The Lash and the Knout
Authors: Woodward C Vann
Published: October 2023

Modern historians have to some extent broken out of the national boundaries traditionally set for the study of American slavery and produced a number of works comparing it with bondage elsewhere. But the partners chosen to be compared have so far been confined largely to New World slave societies or South Africa. Among causes inhibiting comparisons of American slavery with Russian serfdom, the forbidding differences between the two countries probably figured most prominently.
The Antislavery Myth
Authors: Woodward C Vann
Published: October 2023

Slavery And The Civil War were prolific breeders of myth, and their fertility would seem to wax rather than wane with the passage of time. Neither the proslavery myths of the South nor the antislavery myths of the North ceased to grow after the abolition of the Peculiar Institution. In fact they took on new life, struck new roots and flourished more luxuriantly than ever. Both myths continually found new sources of nourishment in the changing psychological needs and regional policies of North and South. The South used the proslavery myth to salve its wounds, lighten its burden of guilt and, most of all, to rationalize and defend the system of caste and segregation that was developed in place of the old order.
History and the Third Culture
Authors: Woodward C Vann
Published: October 2023

A Regular Feature Of The Annual Meeting of the Ameri­can Historical Association during the thirty-odd years of my mem­bership has been a session on the social sciences and history. I am assured by older heads as well as by the record that the tradition goes back at least thirty years before that. I have taken part in such sessions myself. The predominant tone of the papers has been hortatory and the responses of the audience ranged from humble resignation to eager approval. It is true that from time to time a dissenter would say that things had gone too far, that the newcomers were too aggressive or presumptuous, and that history after all was an art and not a science.
Francis Parkman
Authors: Woodward C Vann
Published: October 2023

It Is Well That Francis Parkman came along when he did, or historians might not have gained so early a footing, if any footing at all, in The Library of America, which is presenting the country’s foremost authors in a series of new editions. Parkman worked in the 19th century, between the time when historians moved out of the pulpit and the time when they took up permanent residence in the university. American historians had virtually missed the interlude of polite society in the 18th-century salon that endowed European historians with literary reputations.
Folktale
Authors: Ben-Amos Dan
Published: October 2023

Refers to oral narrative in general or to a particular Genre of oral tales. As a general term folktale succeeds but does not replace the term fairy tale, which continues to be in literary and popular use. Fairy tale, in English at least since 1749, is a translation of the French conte de fee, a term that Comtesse d’ Aulnoy (Marie-Catherine le Jumel de Barneville de la Motte) used in the title of her book published in 1697. Folktale is a translation of the German Volksmiirchen, which appeared first in Volksmiirchen der Deutschen (1782-1786), by Johann Karl Au gust Musaus. The term, like other German compounds such as Volkslied (1778) and Volkskunde (1787), derives from Johann Gottfried von Herder’s thought, use, and coinage, particularly his formulation of the concept of das Volk. Folktale, hence, is an oral narrative told by peasants, lower classes, or traditional people whose literacy, if existing, is minimal. In their verbal art these groups were thought to embody the spirit of a nation. Today the term extends to tales of groups with strong traditional, ethnic, or regional bases or their literary imitations.
Festival
Authors: Stoeltje Beverly J
Published: October 2023

An ancient and resilient cultural form, richly varied in organization and function across the world’s societies. For all their diversity, however, festivals display certain characteristic features. They occur at calendrically regulated intervals and are public in nature, participatory in ethos, complex in structure, and multiple in voice, scene, and purpose. Festivals are collective phenomena and serve purposes rooted in group life. Systems of reciprocity and of shared responsibility ensure the continuity of and participation in the festival through the distribution of prestige and production. Most festivals provide the opportunity for individual religious devotion or individual PERFORMANCE, and this opportunity is a primary motive for the occasion. Other unstated but important purposes of festivals are the expression of group identity through ancestor worship or memorialization, the performance of highly valued skills and talents, or the articulation of the group’s heritage. Rarely do such events use the term festival, employing instead a name related to the stated purposes or core symbols of the event: Mardi Gras (Catholic), Sukkot (Jewish), Hali (Hindu), Shalako (Zuni), Adae (Ghanaian), Calus (Romanian), Namahage (Japanese), Cowboy Reunion (American), and Feast of Fools (French).
The Dividing Paths
Authors: Hatley Tom
Published: October 2023

This book focuses on the American Cherokee people and the South Carolina settlers in the years 1608, when Charleston was established as the main town in the region, until 1785, when a treaty effectively removed the Cherokees from the region. The two cultures and their communities are treated in parallel chapters. After 70 years of regular trade and nominal alliance, relations were exacerbated, especially during the Cherokee-English war of 1759 to 1761. The book is concerned as much with the interation between the two groups as the contrasts between them. The book contributes in major ways to understanding Indian-White relations in Colonial America.
The Pride of Havana A History of Cuban Baseball
Authors: Echevarria Roberto González
Published: October 2023

From the first amateur leagues of the 1860s to the exploits of Livan and Orlando “El Duque” Hernandez, here is the definitive history of baseball in Cuba. Roberto Gonzalez Echevarria expertly traces the arc of the game, intertwining its heroes and their stories with the politics, music, dance, and literature of the Cuban people. What emerges is more than a story of balls and strikes, but a richly detailed history of Cuba told from the unique cultural perch of the baseball diamond. Filling a void created by Cuba’s rejection of bullfighting and Spanish hegemony, baseball quickly became a crucial stitch in the complex social fabric of the island. By the early 1940s Cuba had become major conduit in spreading the game throughout Latin America, and a proving ground for some of the greatest talent in all of baseball, where white major leaguers and Negro League players from the U.S. all competed on the same fields with the cream of Latin talent. Indeed, readers will be introduced to several black ballplayers of Afro-Cuban descent who played in the Major Leagues before Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier once and for all. Often dramatic, and always culturally resonant, Gonzalez Echevarria’s narrative expertly lays open the paradox of fierce Cuban independence from the U.S. with Cuba’s love for our national pastime. It shows how Fidel Castro cannily associated himself with the sport for patriotic p.r.—and reveals that his supposed baseball talent is purely mythical. Based on extensive primary research and a wealth of interviews, the colorful, often dramatic anecdotes and stories in this distinguished book comprise the most comprehensive history of Cuban baseball yet published and ultimately adds a vital lost chapter to the history of baseball in the U.S.
Abandoning the Socialist Dream
Authors: Jarausch Konrad H
Published: October 2023

With the New Year, the mood turned. The elation of the popular rising began to give way to frustration with the difficulties of a new start. During the wonderful fall of 1989, “the people, acting as one, had determined their own fate with imagination and resolve.” Led by a courageous opposition, they had overthrown post-Stalinism, restored human rights and created a Round Table. These breathtaking advances signalled “a new historical awakening.” Yet during the winter of 1990, the same masses realized “that practically nothing has changed after all, at least not for the better.”1 Political excitement only aggravated the tribulations of daily life. The continuing exodus created supply problems, rendering even basic foods scarce. Long lines in front of the few stores frayed salesclerks’ and customers’ nerves. Growing impatient, ordinary people wanted to see tangible improvements in their everyday existence. For the New Year, the government instead promised to continue political reforms: “The GDR needs revolutionary changes. It needs the rule of law. It needs reason and prudence. The liberties that have been won must be solidified.” But such appeals no longer moved citizens, confident of their own voice. How much longer would they wait for results?
The Family in the Western World from the Black Death to the Industrial Age
Authors: Gottlieb Beatrice
Published: October 2023

Gottlieb has done readers a great service by synthesizing, in this highly readable book, the growing scholarly literature on the history of the family. The book covers Europe and Colonial America from the onset of the Black Death to the beginning of the Industrial Age, shedding light on the similarities and differences between families of the past and those of today. Family history is still in its infancy, but scholars are coming to agree that the family is a cultural creation. Although we take its forms and practices for granted, nothing in nature makes them inevitable. In this fascinating and growing field, Gottlieb’s book will ba a landmark work of scholarly synthesis which communicates to the general reader.
The Joyless Economy
Authors: Scitovsky Tibor
Published: October 2023

Originally published in 1976, this classic work helped to establish the legitimacy of understanding economic behaviour in psychological terms. Its central theme was that, despite the economic abundance that Americans enjoyed in the mid-twentieth century, they were at heart dissatisfied with much of their lives. Mainstream economics could not account for this kind of reaction and Scitovsky sought to explain it in theories that combined economics with psychology. Scitovsky has revised the last chapter and added a new chapter dealing with some contemporary aspects. In addition, Robert Frank, author of Choosing the Right Pond (OUP, 1985) has written a foreword.
Female Quixotism
Authors: Tenney Tabitha Gilman
Published: October 2023

First published in 1801, Female Quixotism is a boisterous anti-romance and literary satire, in which Dorcas Sheldon (`Dorcasina’) sets out to discover for herself the kind of passionate love affair portrayed in her favourite novels. Female Quixotism was written during a period of self-definition for the fledgeling American republic. Issues of class, gender, race and isolationism still relevant today are confronted in a manner unusual in other contemporary works, which frequently attacked romantic novels, even as they employed the sentimental and picaresque devices of the genre. Tenney uses literary references from Richardson, Sterne, and Milton, and, of course, Cervantes. However, it is as a tragi-comic parody of the limited choices available to women in a society founded on the principle that all men are created equal, that Tenney’s Female Quixotism really stands apart from similar contemporary works.
The Secularization of Early Modern England
Authors: Sommerville C John
Published: October 2023

In this provocative work, Sommerville examines the onset of secularization in sixteenth and seventeenth-century England, exploring how and why various aspects of life - art, language, work, play, technology, and power - became divorced from religious values. The work helps modern readers understand what life was like in an age in which religion suffused society and was as basic to thought as the structure of language. Sommerville argues that secularization began earlier in England than many historians believe - even before Henry VIII's seizure of power over the church in the 1530s - and that it advanced in concert with the Protestant Reformation. As more aspects of daily life were divorced from religious values and controls, religious culture was supplanted by religious faith, a reasoned (rather than an unquestioned) belief in the supernatural.
Ezra Pound, Wyndham Lewis, and Radical Modernism
Authors: Sherry Vincent
Published: October 2023

This book examines the relation between the aesthetic convictions and political opinions of the Anglo-American modernists, focusing on the collaboration of Ezra Pound and Wyndham Lewis. In the years before World War I, Pound and Lewis were the forces behind the Vorticist movement, and edited the avant-garde journal "Blast". Sherry's book asks: how do we account for their simultaneous development of highly experimental forms in verse, prose, and paint, and their parallel movements in later years toward the German and Italian parties of European fascism? Making use of research on European writers (e.g. Henri Bergson José Ortega y Gasset, and Georges Sorel) on Modernism, and proposes an understanding of ideology as a force in the literary imagination.
“Les mythes d’origine” in the History of Psychiatry
Authors: Vandermeersch Patrick
Published: October 2023

Not every science finds its own history very interesting. The more exactly it defines itself, the more it experiences itself as being timeless, because the objectivity of the research results it obtains is not dependent upon historical factors. Being dependent on history: Is this not placing oneself in the hands of chance? Naturally it is nice when you can say something about the history of your own science. But “real” scientists usually busy themselves with their discipline’s history only after having reached the age of retirement. For the training of younger colleagues they find an understanding of the history of their own profession not so necessary. And when there are books published about their discipline’s history, they are usually deluxe editions that can be given as a gift, and in which the illustrations, the binding, and the quality of print are deemed more important than the soundness of the text.
Dialogues of the Word
Authors: Reed Walter L
Published: October 2023

In Hearing Ourselves Think, cognitive process research moves from the laboratory to the college classroom, where its rich research tradition continues and an important new set of instructional approaches emerges. Each chapter moves from research results to classroom action, providing a direct and important link between research, theory, and practice. The book develops the concept of the research-based classroom in which students actively examine the processes and contexts of reading and writing and then turn their observations into principles for practice. Hearing Ourselves Think contributes to a lively new tradition of socio-cognitive research in writing and reading, exploring the dynamics of cognitive processes as they interact with dimensions of the academic context.
Infection in the Immunodeficient Patient
Authors: Aoun Michel , Klastersky Jean
Published: October 2023

The basic mechanisms involved in the acute inflammatory response (Chapter 10) and specific immunity (Chapter 11) are summarized in Table 86.l. Patients may have either genetic deficiencies of these mechanisms (primary immunodeficiency), usually expressing the consequences early in life, or they may develop acquired disorders of inflammation or immunity (acquired immunodeficiency) as a consequence of specific diseases or immunosuppressive therapy.
Sources in International Treaties of an Obligation to Investigate, Prosecute, and Provide Redress
Authors: Roht-Arriaza Naomi
Published: October 2023

Until recently, a state’s treatment of its own citizens was not considered a proper concern of international law. Only in the wake of widespread revulsion against the crimes committed immediately before and during World War II did nations finally begin to accept limits on their virtually absolute sovereignty regarding the human rights of those residing within their jurisdiction. Building on several strands in earlier law, the trial of the Nazi war criminals at Nuremberg established that certain grave human rights violations by a government against its citizens are a matter of international concern and action.
Nontreaty Sources of the Obligation to Investigate and Prosecute
Authors: Roht-Arriaza Naomi
Published: October 2023

The express undertaking of states, as found in multilateral treaties, provides the clearest form of legal obligation. However, treaty obligations as such bind parties to the treaty only: Governments that systematically violate human rights may be particularly disinclined to adhere to human rights treaty regimes. In addition, treaty obligations apply only to conduct that occurs after the treaty has entered into force for the state in question. Treaty norms, therefore, must be supplemented by recourse to nontreaty sources of law. The two most important of these are customary international law and general principles of law.
Problems in Blaming and Punishing Individuals for Human Rights Violations: The Example of the Berlin Wall Shootings
Authors: Walther Susanne
Published: October 2023

Postunification Germany appears to differ from other countries whose repressive governments were toppled by a revolution of the people. But just as do the citizens of other such countries, East Germans and unified German society must find the strength to start anew while facing the economic, social, and political ruins of the former state. A nation seeking to rectify past governmental wrong by applying the rule of law encounters particular tensions. The rule of law may rival the sense of justice: Protective procedural guarantees present obstacles to punishing persons responsible for human rights violations who went unprosecuted under the former government or state. Another impediment to the mastering of the past (Vergangen-heitsbewältigung) is that the law, particularly the criminal law, was designed with classical, not governmental, criminality in mind. Governmental criminality, with its links to the political and societal dogmas of an entire government and legal system and to the world political scene, may well be beyond the reach of the criminal law.
Haiti: Searching for Alternatives
Authors: Stotzky Irwin P
Published: October 2023

The challenges posed by Haiti’s rocky transition from the Duvalier era to one of democracy have been as difficult as any in the world. As this book goes to press, international efforts to restore the democratically elected government have successfully reinstated President Aristide to office. It remains unclear, however, whether the international efforts will again founder on the intransigence of the most powerful forces in Haiti—the economic elite and the military and paramilitary forces. Even assuming that these corporative forces can be brought under democratic control, the difficulties of creating a viable economy, an institutional structure, and respect for the rule of law, which must undergird both, remain formidable. The question of whether to prosecute those who have committed serious human rights violations played a key role in the events leading up to the September 1991 coup. That question continued to be significant in negotiations for President Jean-Bertrand Aristide’s return and is now a key question in the consolidation of the democratic government. Indeed, dealing with the past will be crucial to opening up new possibilities for establishing the rule of law in both the institutions and the minds of the Haitian people.
Overview
Authors: Roht-Arriaza Naomi
Published: October 2023

The late 1980s and early 1990s have seen a spate of African countries move from one-party or military rule to governments resulting from multiparty, contested elections. In some cases efforts to democratize have been thwarted by recalcitrant military establishments; in others ethnic or tribal tensions or economic problems have pushed newly elected governments toward repeating some of the human rights abuses of the past. The new governments have faced the issues of investigating and prosecuting the perpetrators of past human rights violations and of compensating their victims in situations of continuing political instability. The responses of the new regimes have varied; in many countries the new government has granted an amnesty covering all acts of the former ruler and/or his supporters. In Benin, for example, ex-President Mathieu Kerekou, whose government was accused of torture and the killing of prisoners, was nonetheless granted personal immunity.I In the Congo, the National Conference held in February 1991 declared a general amnesty for political crimes or human rights violations. On the other hand, other countries have taken steps to investigate, although only a few have prosecuted. Some of the more important experiences are summarized below. The cases of Zimbabwe and South Africa are considered in separate chapters. That of Rwanda is too recent to be dealt with adequately here, although international efforts to prosecute genocide are touched on in the concluding chapter.
Human Rights in Cambodia
Authors: Vickery Michael , Roht-Arriaza Naomi
Published: October 2023

From 1975 to 1979 Democratic Kampuchea (DK) was a regime that many people have called worse than Hitler’s and that has become a paradigm for oppression, arbitrary imprisonment, torture, and murder by a state of its own citizens. Earlier, between 1970 and 1975, under the U.S.-backed Khmer Republic, all guarantees of civil rights, fair trial, and freedom from arbitrary police harassment were de facto suspended; the justification, if there was any, was that a state of war prevailed in the country. Even during Cambodia’s best peace time years under Prince Sihanouk before 1970, the right to a quick, fair trial without risk of torture during preliminary police investigation was not guaranteed in practice; and political suspects could be judicially murdered in widely publicized executions.1