bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate Governance and Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures : Shari’ah Compliant Companies in Malaysia
Authors: Arsad Syahiza , Said Roshima , Yusoff Haslinda , Ahmad Rahayati
Published: October 2021

The paper attempts to examine the relationship between six (6) Corporate Governance mechanisms (namely board matters, nomination matters, audit matters, remuneration matters, communication matters and risk management matters) of Shari’ah Compliant Companies (ShCC) with Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (i-CSR) disclosure. The i-CSR disclosure index was developed by incorporated the five values of Maqasid Shari’ah and Maslahah. While, this study employed the corporate governance index based on the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG) 2007 (Securities Commission, 2007b), MCCG 2012 (Securities Commission, 2012), Corporate Governance Guide issued by Bursa Malaysia (Bursa Malaysia, 2012), and MCCG Index 2011 from the Minority Shareholder Watchdog Group (MSWG, 2011); Omar & Abdul Rahman, (2009) and Mohammed et al. (2009).  The research used content analysis and a sample of 187 ShCC annual reports from 2008 to 2013. STATA was used to assess the relationship between CG mechanisms and i-CSR disclosure in this analysis. The result of the relationship between CG mechanisms and i-CSR disclosure after statistically control by firm size (proxy by total assets) and profitability (proxy by return on assets, net profit margin and return on equity) showed that only remuneration matters (RM), communication matters (CM) and risk management matters (RK) positive and significantly influenced the i-CSR disclosure.
Metastatic carcinoma of the lung presenting as jugular venous thrombosis: a valuable clinical lesson
Authors:   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia,   How Kit Thong, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, KPJ Healthcare University College, Lot PT 17010 Persiaran Seriemas, Kota Seriemas, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Fax: +06-794 2662; Phone: +601121163323; E-mail: T.howkit@gmail.com, Thong How Kit , Sugumaran Vikram ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, Mahbob Hafiz Bin Mohamad ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, Kamalden Tengku Mohamed Izam Bin Tengku ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Published: October 2021

Thromboses of the upper extremity and neck are rare and not as commonly seen as lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Internal jugular vein thrombosis (IJVT) is a serious condition with a potentially fatal outcome. Jugular vein thrombosis refers to the formation of intraluminal thrombi anywhere from the intracranial part of the jugular vein to the junction between the internal jugular vein (IJV) and subclavian vein. The relationship between malignancy and thromboembolic disorders has been well established, as Trousseau first described it in 1865. Tumor cells are known to promote hypercoagulability by expressing tissue factors that activate clotting cascades and procoagulants while promoting interactions between the tumor cells, platelets, and endothelial cells via different cytokines, tumor antigens, and their immune complexes. We are reporting our encounter with a patient who presented with extensive left internal jugular vein thrombosis as the first presenting sign of primary lung malignancy.
Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and bone turnover markers concerning bone mineral density in older persons
Authors: Jha Abhinav ,   Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sarjug Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India, Tanwar Aditi Singh ,   Laxmi Dental Clinic, Varanasi, India,   Aditi Singh Tanwar, MDS (Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry), Consultant, Laxmi Dental Clinic, Varanasi, India. E-mail: drpriyakasture@gmail.com, Bhargava Manish ,   Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India, Raj Anil ,   Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sarjug Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India, Raman Shrimant ,   Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sarjug Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India, Patil Vishal ,   Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Vasantdada Patil Dental College, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
Published: October 2021

Owing to the early tooth loss in a large population, the need for removable prosthodontic therapy has widely increased. Loss of teeth can occur due to trauma, periodontal disease, dental caries, and/or oral health negligence. The removable prosthesis is preferred over other teeth replacement methods owing to its cost-effectiveness. However, due to continuous alveolar bone resorption, relining of the removable prosthesis is needed regularly. We aimed to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and bone turnover marker concerning bone mineral density. Eighty complete denture wearers either in the maxilla or in the mandible or both constituted the study sample. Before the study, all subjects were explained the procedures of the study, and informed consent was obtained before proceeding with the study. Subjects were instructed to provide an early morning sample in a fasting state as serum osteocalcin (OCN) and C-terminal telopeptide (C-Tx) have diurnal variations. Blood samples were collected, and samples were ruled out for 25-OH vitamin D, serum OCN, and C-TX. To determine the association between frequency of relining and bone turnover marker, the collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation. Significant correlations were seen between bone C-Tx, turnover markers (p<0.001), and frequency of denture relining and osteocalcin (p<0.001). No statistically significant effect of gender, vitamin D levels, age, calcium levels, vitamin D supplements, and diabetes was seen on denture relining frequency. The present study concludes that an elevated level of the bone turnover markers such as OCN and C-Tx increases the frequency of relining.
Assessment of dental caries in children with organic lesions of the nervous system using ICDAS II criteria
Authors: Pryimak Khrystyna Vasylivna ,   Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zoriy Iryna Anatoliivna ,   Department of Nervous Diseases, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Bidenko Nataliia Vasylivna ,   Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Borysenko Anatoliy Vasylovych ,   Head of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Batig Viktor Markiyanovich ,   Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Hlushchenko Tetiana Anatoliyivna ,   Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine,   Tetiana Anatoliyivna Hlushchenko, Assistant Professor, Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Bukovinian State Medical University. E-mail: gta89@ukr.net, Viktorivna Batih Iryna ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Ivanovich Sheremet Michael ,   Surgery Department No. 1, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

Studies of the dental status of children with cerebral palsy (CP) indicate a high prevalence and intensity of damage to the hard tissues of the teeth. The risk of developing dental diseases is known to increase significantly as the severity of neurological symptoms increase. The purpose of the study was to assess the incidence of dental caries using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) criteria in children with organic diseases of the nervous system depending on the severity of motor impairment. A number of 122 children (mean age 8.8±3.7 years) with spastic forms of cerebral palsy were examined. They were divided into groups according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System – Expanded & Revised (GMFCS-ER). All patients underwent a neurological examination, and the state of dental caries was determined using the ICDAS II criteria. In children with cerebral palsy, lesions of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth predominate, lesions of the proximal surfaces appeared to be three times less, but more than three times higher than in healthy children. Higher intensity of the carious process and the frequency of deep cavities are observed in children with cerebral palsy with severe motor impairment, according to GMFCS-ER. Establishing the features of caries development in children with cerebral palsy depending on the severity of neurological symptoms according to the ICDAS II system is an essential factor in determining the direction of preventive measures that should be taken for this group of children.
Dental anxiety among migraine patients
Authors: Alyami Yagoub Dhafer ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vision College for Dentistry and Nursing , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,   Yagoub Dhafer Alyami, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vision College for Dentistry and Nursing, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail-yagoubalyami@gmail.com, Farran Jana Khalid ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vision College for Dentistry and Nursing , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Alsubhi Jumanah Ateeq ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vision College for Dentistry and Nursing , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Omar Jehan Ahmed ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vision College for Dentistry and Nursing , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Alsoubaia Nourah Abdulhadi ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vision College for Dentistry and Nursing , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Alyami Nourah Faisal ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vision College for Dentistry and Nursing , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Algoufi Joud Faisal ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vision College for Dentistry and Nursing , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Abdullah Alshehri Rawan ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vision College for Dentistry and Nursing , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Published: October 2021

In this study, we aimed to find a correlation between anxiety related to dental procedures and migraines. A cross-sectional study was performed on 171 patients who attended specific dental clinics. The patients were randomly categorized into a migraine group (83) and a control group. To determine the anxiety level, all the patients filled out a validated questionnaire (the Arabic version of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale). All responses ranged from “not anxious” (scoring 1) to “extremely anxious” (scoring 5). Based on the patient responses, the total score was recorded and compared statistically between the two groups. The sound of drilling was one of the most vital factors causing anxiety and headaches in migraine patients. Comparing the presence or absence of headache and usage of analgesics between the two groups, migraine patients complained to have headaches during or after dental treatment more frequently than controls and used analgesics more than non-migraine controls. Migraine patients visiting dental clinics feel more anxious about the working environment and need certain modifications before, during, and after dental procedures.
Transformation of health care and the new model of care in Saudi Arabia: Kingdom’s Vision 2030
Authors:   Trauma Center, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,   Sharfuddin Chowdhury, MBBS, MMed, FCS(SA), FACS, Director of Trauma Center, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Phone: +966114355555 (Ext: 1385) E-mail: s.chowdhury@ksmc.med.sa,   Medical Management Consulting, Birkdale, Queensland, Australia,   Department of Trauma, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Chowdhury Sharfuddin , Mok Dennis , Leenen Luke
Published: October 2021

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia espoused “Vision 2030” as a strategy for economic development and national growth. The vision demonstrated the Kingdom’s objectives to become a pioneer nation globally by achieving three main goals: a vibrant society, a thriving economy, and an ambitious nation. To fulfill this, the Kingdom launched a national transformation program (NTP) as outlined in “vision 2030” in June 2016. The health care transformation is one of the eight themes of the NTP’s. The history of health care facilities in the Kingdom is almost a century. Although the Kingdom has made notable progress in improving its population’s health over recent decades, it needs to modernize the health care system to reach the “vision 2030” goal. This article aims to describe the new Model of Care (MOC) according to the recent Saudi health care transformation under the Kingdom’s vision 2030. The MOC concept started with understanding the current state and collecting learnings. It is based on the six systems of care (SOC)- keeping well, planned procedure, women & children, urgent problems, chronic conditions, and the last phase of life. The SOC is cut across different “service layers” to support people’s stay well and efficiently get them healthy again when they need care. The new MOC describes a total of forty-two interventions, of which twenty-seven split across the six SOC and the rest fifteen cut-across the multiple SOC. Implementation of all MOC interventions will streamline the Saudi health care system to embrace the Kingdom’s “vision 2030”.
Maternal and fetal outcome in placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) associated with placenta previa: a retrospective analysis from a tertiary center
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Valentin Nicolae Varlas, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu St., 020021, Bucharest, Romania. E-mail: valentin.varlas@umfcd.ro, Varlas Valentin Nicolae , Bors Roxana Georgiana ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Birsanu Simona ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Maxim Bogdan ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Clotea Eliza ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Mihailov Maria ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: October 2021

Accreta placenta spectrum is a complex obstetrical condition of abnormal placental invasion associated with severe maternal morbidity. This study aimed to analyze our therapeutic management and counseling of the cases with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) associated with placenta previa. We performed a retrospective study of pregnant women with PAS associated with placenta previa at the Filantropia Clinical Hospital between January 2017–April 2021. In these cases, the earlier diagnosis was realized by an ultrasonographic scan and was confirmed by histopathological findings after the surgical treatment. The conservative management was obtained in one case at <37 weeks of gestation, and the maternal outcome was uterine preservation. Among the 12 patients, the mean age was 34±3.44 years. All women had risk factors for abnormally invasive placenta, such as placenta previa or previous cesarean delivery. Most women underwent planned cesarean delivery at the mean gestational age of 36.4±0.9 weeks. In our study, the uterus was preserved in only one case (8.33%), and hysterectomy with preservation of ovaries was performed in the rest of the cases. Mean maternal blood loss during surgery was 2175±1440 ml. Severe maternal outcomes were recorded only in one case (8.33%). We identified a low uterine preservation rate and a good perinatal outcome. Conservative management should be reserved for fertility desire and extensive disease due to surgical difficulty. Early identification of the risk factors and strategic management may improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Rapid diagnostic methods for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) detection: an evidence-based report
Authors: Verma Manish Kumar ,   Department of Biochemistry, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, India,   Both authors have contributed equally to the manuscript.,   Manish Kumar Verma, Researcher, Department of Biochemistry G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, India, E-mail: manishverma8919@gmail.com,   https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-4277, Sharma Parshant Kumar ,   Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, South Korea,   Both authors have contributed equally to the manuscript., Verma Henu Kumar ,   Department of Immunopathology, Institute of lungs Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Munich, Germany, Singh Anand Narayan ,   Department of Biochemistry, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, India, Singh Desh Deepak ,   Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, Verma Poonam ,   Department of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, India, Siddiqui Areena Hoda ,   Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahara Hospital, Viraj Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, India
Published: October 2021

Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a global health concern. The transmission method is human-to-human. Since this second wave of SARS-CoV-2 is more aggressive than the first wave, rapid testing is warranted to use practical diagnostics to break the transfer chain. Currently, various techniques are used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. A full review of online databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was analyzed to identify relevant articles focusing on SARS-CoV-2 and diagnosis and therapeutics. The most recent article search was on May 10, 2021. We summarize promising methods for detecting the novel Coronavirus using sensor-based diagnostic technologies that are sensitive, cost-effective, and simple to use at the point of care. This includes loop-mediated isothermal amplification and several laboratory protocols for confirming suspected 2019-nCoV cases, as well as studies with non-commercial laboratory protocols based on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and a field-effect transistor-based bio-sensing device. We discuss a potential discovery that could lead to the mass and targeted SARS-CoV-2 detection needed to manage the COVID-19 pandemic through infection succession and timely therapy.
Association of Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR-4) gene expression and polymorphisms in patients with severe asthma
Authors: Shukur Wasan ,   Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq, Alyaqubi Kifah ,   Department of Middle Euphrates, Cancer Research Unit, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq, Dosh Rasha ,   Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq, Al-Ameri Ali ,   Department of Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Al-Aubaidy Hayder ,   MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando, Florida, United States of America, Al-Maliki Rehab ,   Department of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq, Aridhee Ali ,   Department of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Fatlawi Rawaa ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq, Hadi Najah ,   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq,   Najah Hadi, Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Kufa, Kufa 54002, Iraq. E-mail: drnajahiraq@gmail.com
Published: October 2021

Innate immunity plays a central role in the pathogenesis of severe asthma, and it is closely linked to elevated IgE and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) levels. However, there is a scarcity of information about the association of the TLR-4 receptor polymorphism in the pathogenesis of severe asthma. This study highlights the level of gene expression of different alleles in asthmatic patients compared to healthy control individuals. This was a randomized control trial, which included 150 patients with asthma (with high serum levels of IgE) with a matching 150 healthy control individuals. Participants had a series of blood tests to measure various immune parameters: interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and detect allele type and gene expression of the TLR-4 gene. Patients with asthma had significantly higher levels of IL-8 when compared to the healthy control participants. In addition, in the rs91 genotyping, there were significant differences in the levels of IL-8 and TNF between CC and TT genotyping. While in rs90 TLR-4, TNF levels were significantly higher in AA vs. AG and GG genotypes among the asthmatic patients when compared to the control group. The results showed that in TLR-4, rs4986791 were significantly associated with asthma risk. Polymorphisms in TLRs play essential roles in asthma.
Single-use ureteroscopes in ectopic pelvic kidney stones
Authors: Geavlete Bogdan ,   Sanador Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Urology, Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Popescu Razvan ,   Department of Urology, Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Georgescu Dragos ,   Sanador Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Urology, Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Geavlete Petrisor ,   Sanador Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Urology, Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Petrisor Geavlete, Professor, Department of Urology, Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital, 13 Vitan-Barzesti Street, 042122, Bucharest, Romania. E-mail: geavlete@gmail.com
Published: October 2021

We analyzed the results of single-use flexible ureteroscopy (su-fURS) with the holmium laser in treating renal stones associated with ectopic pelvic kidney (EPK). The study retrospectively analyzed data of 11 patients diagnosed with EPK and stone disease who underwent su-fURS between May 2017 and November 2019. The analyzed surgical data included the mean operation time, stone-free and complication rates, as well as hospitalization period. Disposable digital flexible ureteroscopes were exclusively used. The mean age was 55, with a 1.2:1 male to female ratio. The mean stone burden was 30±9 mm (ranging from 17 to 49 mm). The mean calculi digitized surface area (DSA) was 299±56 mm2(ranging from 170 to 597 mm2). A ureteral access sheath was used in all 11 patients, and holmium laser lithotripsy was performed (dusting mode parameters: low energy – 0.5J, high frequency – 50 Hz, long pulse; pop-corn mode: high energy >1 J, medium frequency– 10–50 Hz, long pulse; fragmenting mode: high energy >1 J, low frequency <10 Hz, short pulse). The average operative time was 78±19 minutes (ranging from 68 to 144 minutes). The stone-free status (residual fragments <3 mm) after one session was 60.1%, 84.1% after the second session, and 94.4% after the third session. The hospitalization period was 29 hours (ranging from 17 to 39 hours). The overall complications rate (according to the Clavien-Dindo system) was 19.7%. Therefore, su-fURS represents an effective therapeutic approach characterized by a remarkably high stone-free rate and few complications in EPK-associated calculi.
Extruded disc herniations are experienced earlier by inactive young people in the high-tech gaming era
Authors: Ucar Demet ,   Department of Physical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Beykent University, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, Duman Sedat ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences, Sancaktepe Training Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, Bayram Yusuf ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tokat Turhal Government Hospital, Tokat, Turkey, Ucar Bekir Yavuz ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Spine Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey,   Bekir Yavuz Ucar, Professor, Department of Orthopaedics and Spine Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Research Hospital, Istanbul, 34000, Turkey. E-mail: bekiryavuzucar@gmail.com
Published: October 2021

In this study, we would like to draw attention to the advanced disc diseases seen in young people. The objective is to investigate the reasons for the increasing trend of disc herniations in young people. A total of 33 young patients with extruded lumbar disc herniations managed by conservative or surgical approaches between 2017 and 2018 were included. The average patient age was 25 years. Smoking, familial predisposition, sporting activity, and the occupation of the patients were questioned and noted. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the efficacy of pain. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. All patients were subjected to lumbar magnetic resonance imaging. Eighteen patients (8 females, 10 males) had disc extrusion at the L5-S1 level, whereas 12 patients (8 females, 4 males) had disc extrusion at the L4-L5 level. Three other patients had disc extrusion at the level of both L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. Motor deficits were detected in four patients, and surgical treatment was required and performed. The other 29 patients were treated conservatively. Young non-sport-oriented patients may face severe disc herniations. Understanding how spine degeneration can affect the likelihood of developing a herniated disc can help people make small lifestyle changes to postpone any serious pain and deficits. While aging is unavoidable, simple lifestyle changes can help improve overall spine health and deter the risk of developing a degenerative spine condition.
“This Wine Is Treacherous” (Hab 2:5a): Reading Condemnations against Violence in Habakkuk 2:5–20 from an Ecotheological Perspective
Authors: Prinsloo Gert Thomas Marthinus
Published: October 2021

This study engages in an ecotheological reading of Habakkuk 2:5–20, a text riddled with text-critical, redaction-critical, and theological problems. I argue that the central theme permeating this text is the condemnation of human hubris and self-centredness, resulting in violent behaviour, whether it is perpetrated against nature, animals, or humanity in general (Hab 2:17). Utilising a hermeneutics of reminiscence as point of departure, the study argues that the book of Habakkuk is an ancient Near Eastern text bound to its own worldview(s) and societal issues. However, reading Hab 2:5–20 from the perspective of victims of violence against the background of exile and marginalisation opens avenues for ecotheological application. Such a reading recognises both the integrity of the ancient text and its relevance for modern readers struggling with urgent issues that did not exist in biblical times.
Judgment and Trial in Lex Ripuaria
Authors: Makutchev A. V.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the provisions of one of the most important sources of early medieval European law, but little studied in Russian historiography – Ripuarian Law, namely, aspects of judicial proceedings. The aim of the study was to identify both the general features of the judicial process that were perceived by the Ripuarian Franks from the legislation of the Salic Franks, in particular, the Salic Law, and the features that reflect aspects of the socio-economic development of Ripuaria. In the course of the study, firstly, the provisions of the Ripuarian Law were identified, which correspond to the existing ideas about the legal proceedings of the Franks – about the procedure for summoning to court, about the types of evidence, etc.; Secondly, in accordance with the purpose of the study, deviations from the practice of legal proceedings adopted by the Salic Franks were identified, which are characteristic of the Ripuarian Franks and are subject to study in conjunction with them (in particular, a certain simplification of judicial procedures, attention to certain types of evidence, etc.).
Determination of static and dynamic forces for manufacture of corrugated belts for wind tunnel heat exchangers
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Shchipkova Yu. V.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of an experimental study aimed at determining the required load when rolling a corrugated heat exchanger belt for wind tunnels. The experiments are carried out on a horizontal milling machine model 6H81. The results of the experiment are applied to stainless steel tapes with a thickness of 0,3 to 0,4 mm.
Features of the formation of "Big Bubble" during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty
Authors:   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga branch, Russian Federation, Demyanchenko S.K. , Tereshchenko A.V. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga branch, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To determine the optimal channel parameters in the deep layers of the corneal stroma when performing deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), providing the maximum frequency of air bubble formation, under the control of intraoperative optical coherence tomography. Material and methods. The study was performed at 30 patients (30 eyes) with a diagnosis of stage III keratoconus. The average age of patients is 31±7 years. All patients were divided into groups consisting of 10 patients, depending on the choice of the topographic orientation of the channel for pneumodissection in the deep layers of the corneal stroma when performing DALK: 1st group – the channel is located towards the center of the cornea; 2nd group – the channel is located paracentral to the temporal side; 3rd group – the channel is located paracentral to the nasal side. In all cases, DALK was performed with a femtosecond laser Femto LDV Z8 (Ziemer, Switzerland). The length of the formed femto channels were variable and amounted to 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm in each group. Results. The use of intraoperative OCT demonstrated that in all 30 cases the depth of the channel for pneumodissection corresponded to preoperative calculations and amounted to 97±5µm to DM. It was found that the bedding of the channel at a distance of 100µm to the descemet membrane (DM) and its paracentral orientation is characterized by a greater frequency of formation of the «Big Bubble» in comparison with its central orientation: 3rd group – 90% and 2nd group – 80% against 1st group – 60% of cases. The study of the effect of the length of the channel for pneumodissection on the ease of formation of the "Big Bubble" demonstrated that more attempts are required to inject sterile air when channels of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mm being used than with short channels of 1.0, and 1, 5 mm (average 3 attempts versus 1.5 attempts, respectively). Conclusion. The paracentral orientation of the location of the channel for pneumodissection is accompanied by a higher percentage of formation of the "Big Bubble" than the central location of the channel. Manual extension of femtochannels having length of 1.0, 1.5 mm, directly with a microsurgical spatula 30G followed by inserting a metal cannula into the channel minimizes the number of attempts to inject sterile air, that facilitates the formation of the "Big Bubble". Performing DALK applying the function of intraoperative OCT allows to control the accuracy of all stages of the operation, including the stage of formation of a large air bubble. Performing DALK with the applying of the function of intraoperative OCT allows to control the accuracy of all stages of the operation, including the stage of formation of a large air bubble. Key words: deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, Big Bubble, channel for pneumodissection
Immunohistochemical identification of lymphatic outflow in filtering blebs after non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS)
Authors:   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Irkutsk Branch, Russian Federation, Iureva T.N. ,   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education – Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Irkutsk,   Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Malysheva J.V. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Irkutsk Branch, Russian Federation, Klimenkov I.V. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Sudakov N.P. ,   Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Relevance. One of the conditions for the functional outflow pathways' formation after filtering glaucoma surgeries is the uniform moisture absorption from the filtering blebs, which is provided by the blood and, possibly, lymphatic vessels of the conjunctiva. Purpose. To conduct a structural and molecular assessment of filtering blebs in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) after non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) according to OCT data, as well as ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies. Material and methods. A clinical study of 12 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) after NPDS was conducted. In the long-term postoperative period (12–18 months), the level of intraocular pressure (IOP) was determined, the structure of the filtering blebs using biomicroscopy and OCT of the anterior segment of the eye was evaluated, the immunohistochemical study of the filtering blebs' tissue for the expression of podoplanin and ultrastructural analysis of the samples obtained using a laser confocal microscope LSM 710 (Zeiss) was performed. In 8 cases (group 1), these were non-functional scarred filtering blebs, IOP 24.12± 2.24 mm Hg, in 4 cases (group 2) – functional filtering blebs, IOP 15.31± 4.08 mm Hg. Results. During the immunohistochemical examination of the first group patients' conjunctival samples, no vessels with characteristics of the lymphatic system were detected in any case. In each sample of the second group patients' filtering blebs, from 5 to 7 vessels with different variants of podoplanin expression were determined. Conclusion. The aqueous outflow entering the subconjunctival space through the newly created outflow pathway during glaucoma surgery is carried out at the expense of conjunctival lymphatic structures, the condition of which to a certain extent determines the success or failure of the surgery. Key words: non-penetrating deep sclerectomy; open-angle glaucoma; lymphatic outflow; filtering blebs
Possibilities of prismatic correction in the treatment of congenital horizontal nystagmus
Authors:   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Gladysheva G.V. , Plisov I.L. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Antsiferova N.G. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Pushchina V.B. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Mamulat D.R. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Belousova K.A. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch, Sharokhin M.A. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Novosibirsk Branch
Published: October 2021

Purpose. Analysis the effectiveness of prismatic correction in the treatment of congenital horizontal nystagmus. Material and methods. The study included 20 patients with congenital horizontal nystagmus. Depending on the type of nystagmus and compensatory mechanisms to reduce its amplitude, two groups were identified: 10 patients with pendular nystagmus and nystagmus blockage syndrome (mean age, M±sd, 5.8±1.9 years) and 10 patients with jerky nystagmus and abnormal head posture and a null zone (5.7±2.1 years). Fresnel prisms were used to select and prescribe prismatic correction. Patients were under dynamic control from 6 months to 2 years with an assessment of the results every 3 months. Results. During treatment (using prism correction), uncorrected visual acuity had a statistically significant increase of 1.8 and 1.5 times both in the first (p=0.004) and the second (p=0.001) group, respectively. A similar, and even more pronounced, change in visual acuity was observed for corrected visual acuity – in the first group it increased 3 times (p=0.001) and in the second group 2.2 times (p=0.001). Conclusion. Prismatic correction in pendular nystagmus and esotropia allows to simulate (eliminate) nystagmus blockage syndrome and, thereby, to improve the quality of vision of the patient. In its turn, prismatic correction in jerky nystagmus with abnormal head posture allows to move null zone into the primary position of gaze, increase visual acuity due to the optimal optical correction and improve the patient's quality of life. Key words: nystagmus blockage syndrome, convergence fusion, abnormal head posture, null zone, Fresnel prisms
ILM removal in vitreomacular interface disorders: for or against?
Authors:   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kolesnik S.V. , Kolesnik A.I. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Miridonova A.V. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Avakyan F.A. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zhuravlev A.S. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To provide data on efficacy and safety of internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal in various pathologies of the vitreomacular interface. Material and methods. To perform the review, literature sources were searched through the PubMed and Scopus databases up to year 2021 using the keywords "internal limiting membrane peeling", "macular hole", "epiretinal membrane". A total of 38 articles relevant to the topic of the review were selected. Results. Numerous studies have confirmed the efficacy of internal limiting peeling in improving anatomical and functional outcomes of treatment of various pathologies. However, even a flawlessly performed peeling can cause both anatomical and functional effects on the retina. Various studies have demonstrated that the anatomical complications of ILM peeling did not correlate with the functional outcomes of surgery. Conclusion. Available evidence supports ILM peeling as an intervention that improves anatomical and functional results of treatment and reduces rate of reoperation. However, in order to evaluate the safety of this procedure, further studies with an assessment of the visual function with a long follow-up period are required. Key words: internal limiting membrane, peeling, macular hole, epiretinal membrane
Lof Campo Maripé: reclamo territorial y ejercicio del derecho a la protesta
Authors: Singer Samantha
Published: October 2021

This article aims to analyse the conflict that takes place in Vaca Muerta, in Neuquén, Argentina, related to the extraction of hydrocarbons by the fracking technique. It focuses on Lof Campo Maripé, one of the communities most affected by fracking, where the extractions are carried out without their consent, and highlights the communities’ land claim through the exercise of the right to protest.
EXPERIENCIAS Y SENTIMIENTOS DE PACIENTES CON COVID-19 ATENDIDOS DE MANERA REMOTA EN CHICLAYO-PERÚ
Authors: Barreto Espinoza Luz Antonia , Barreto Espinoza Marilú Elena
Published: October 2021

El estudio cualitativo,  tuvo como objetivo describir las experiencias y sentimientos que experimentaron los pacientes con COVID-19, que fueron atendidos de manera remota durante la pandemia en el año 2020. La poblaciòn atendida fue de 49 pacientes adultos en una muestra  extraida al azar utilizando como tècnica la entrevista telefònica con una pregunta guia a partir de la cual los pacientes explicaban sus experiencias y sentimientos que estaban vivenciando durante el periodo de la enfermedad. El seguimiento por cada paciente fue de 14 dias durante los cuales algunos fueron derivados al centro de salud u hospital por complicaciones, y otros eran dados de alta al catorceavo dìa. El anàlisis de los discursos propiciò  que  las respuestas dadas fueran agrupadas en las siguientes categorias: desesperaciòn, sosiego, calma, paciencia, temor a la muerte, resignaciòn, estrès, depresiòn. Luego del anàlisis temático se llegò a la conclusion de que los pacientes vivencian experiencias positivas (sosiego, tranquilidad, esperanza) y negativas (desesperaciòn incertidumbre, ansiedad por la espera) asi como sentimientos negativos y positivos  de: tristeza, miedo, impaciencia, fe y solidaridad, molestia ante el tiempo de espera para la consulta mèdica, incertidumbre por el desarrollo de la enfermedad, sorpresa frente a las respuestas de su organismo durante la enfermedad, resignaciòn al contagio, la satisfacion de poder atender a su familiar desde su casa y agrado por el apoyo para sobrellevar la enfermedad sin  morir en el intento.
LECTURA DE CONTEXTO Y SU IMPORTANCIA EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE TRABAJO SOCIAL REGIÓN OCCIDENTE-PACÍFICO DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Montaño Acosta Karen Yilihana , Sotelo Blanco Carolina , Barahona Rojas Ana Yadira
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo científico tuvo como objetivo conocer la importancia que dan los profesionales en formación de último año en Trabajo Social a la lectura y análisis de su contexto a partir de las tendencias teóricas y metodológicas presentes en su formación profesional. Su ejecución se dio en el marco del semillero de investigación D´Contexto de la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca. En el desarrollo participaron cinco de los ocho programas de Trabajo Social adscritos al CONETS en la región Occidente-Pacifico de Colombia. Se orienta desde un proceso de enfoque netamente cualitativo, descriptivo; que concluye en la identificación de una relación dialógica entre el contexto social y la formación profesional, además de reconocer una preferencia por leer e intervenir el contexto a partir de las perspectivas críticas sin que por esto se olviden las necesidades contextuales y sus requerimientos por lo cual el estudiantado denota la importancia de la lectura del Contexto en su proceso de formación y las intervenciones  realizadas.
GESTIÓN DEL CONFLICTO Y TRABAJO COLABORATIVO EN EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Leguizamón Castro Jonhatan Eric , González Reyes Ronald Andrés
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: se analizó el estado de conocimiento acerca del desarrollo de habilidades de gestión del conflicto a través del trabajo colaborativo en el área de educación física como estrategia para la convivencia pacífica escolar en básica primaria. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, cuyos términos de búsqueda fueron conflicto, trabajo colaborativo en educación física, habilidades de gestión del conflicto escolar, gestión de convivencia escolar en educación física, y gestión del conflicto en educación física. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Redalyc, el repositorio ResearchGate, y el motor de búsqueda Google Académico. Se analizaron 50 documentos. Se identificaron, categorizaron y analizaron los artículos señalando sus características, autores consultados, metodología de investigación, enfoque de gestión del conflicto y actividades propuestas desde la educación física. Resultados: se identificó que hay dos enfoques que utilizan el trabajo colaborativo para la gestión del conflicto escolar en educación física, el primero de los cuales es el aprendizaje entre pares, y el segundo es el enfoque sociocultural. Se estableció que las habilidades de gestión del conflicto que se destacan como centrales en los documentos analizados son el diálogo, la escucha, la negociación y la mediación. Conclusiones: existe un acuerdo en la literatura especializada respecto a que las actividades de trabajo colaborativo en el área de educación física fortalecen las habilidades de gestión del conflicto, caracterizándose por trabajarse en un espacio diferente al aula, utilizar diversos recursos didácticos y crear un espacio de interacción directa entre los estudiantes.
EVALUACIÓN DEL ÍNDICE DE DAÑO MEDIANTE HIROSAWA PARA DETERMINAR LA VULNERABILIDAD SÍSMICA EN LOS CENTROS EDUCATIVOS EN LA VICTORIA, CHICLAYO
Authors: De La Cruz Diaz Daiana Rossmery , Muñoz Pérez Sócrates Pedro , Marín Bardales Noé Humberto
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo evalúa el índice de daño mediante el método Hirosawa para la determinación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica en las institucione educativas del distrito de la Victoria, con el fin de conocer las condiciones actuales que presentan las estructuras y las respuestas de estas mismas ante la eventualidad de un sismo de gran magnitud en esta zona. La evaluación consiste en la delimitación de las cualidades más importantes, así como el grado de vulnerabilidad, la clasificación de las estructuras, aspectos geotécnicos y constructivos, y otros parámetros que requiere la norma sismo resistente. Cabe mencionar que se tomaron en cuenta los daños que estas edificaciones ya han sufrido con anterioridad por sismos. Los resultados muestran que la evaluación del índice de daño mediante el método Hirosawa, demuestra que las instituciones educativas como caso de estudio, son vulnerables. El siguiente artículo nos muestra la descripción específica y la aplicación del método en cuanto al estudio de vulnerabilidad sísmica. A partir de los resultados finales, se plantean algunas alternativas estructurales lo que generaría un refuerzo estructuraal, como el salvaguardar la vida de los usuarios en este tipo de edificaciones esenciales.
Redundant roles of EGFR ligands in the ERK activation waves during collective cell migration
Authors: Lin Shuhao , Hirayama Daiki , Maryu Gembu , Matsuda Kimiya , Hino Naoya , Deguchi Eriko , Aoki Kazuhiro , Iwamoto Ryo , Terai Kenta , Matsuda Michiyuki
Published: October 2021

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in collective cell migration by mediating cell-to-cell propagation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Here, we aimed to determine which EGFR ligands mediate the ERK activation waves. We found that epidermal growth factor (EGF)–deficient cells exhibited lower basal ERK activity than the cells deficient in heparin-binding EGF (HBEGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) or epiregulin (EREG), but all cell lines deficient in a single EGFR ligand retained the ERK activation waves. Surprisingly, ERK activation waves were markedly suppressed, albeit incompletely, only when all four EGFR ligands were knocked out. Re-expression of the EGFR ligands revealed that all but HBEGF could restore the ERK activation waves. Aiming at complete elimination of the ERK activation waves, we further attempted to knockout NRG1, a ligand for ErbB3 and ErbB4, and found that NRG1-deficiency induced growth arrest in the absence of all four EGFR ligand genes. Collectively, these results showed that EGFR ligands exhibit remarkable redundancy in the propagation of ERK activation waves during collective cell migration.