bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Directing the Future Breakthroughs in Immunotherapy: The Importance of a Holistic Approach to the Tumour Microenvironment
Authors: Newnes Hannah V. , Armitage Jesse D. , Audsley Katherine M. , Bosco Anthony , Waithman Jason
Published: November 2021

Immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of cancers by exploiting the immune system to eliminate tumour cells. Despite the impressive response in a proportion of patients, clinical benefit has been limited thus far. A significant focus to date has been the identification of specific markers associated with response to immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the heterogeneity between patients and cancer types means identifying markers of response to therapy is inherently complex. There is a growing appreciation for the role of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in directing response to immunotherapy. The TME is highly heterogeneous and contains immune, stromal, vascular and tumour cells that all communicate and interact with one another to form solid tumours. This review analyses major cell populations present within the TME with a focus on their diverse and often contradictory roles in cancer and how this informs our understanding of immunotherapy. Furthermore, we discuss the role of integrated omics in providing a comprehensive view of the TME and demonstrate the potential of leveraging multi-omics to decipher the underlying mechanisms of anti-tumour immunity for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
Targeting Metabolism to Control Immune Responses in Cancer and Improve Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy
Authors: Luby Angèle , Alves-Guerra Marie-Clotilde
Published: November 2021

Over the past decade, advances in cancer immunotherapy through PD1–PDL1 and CTLA4 immune checkpoint blockade have revolutionized the management of cancer treatment. However, these treatments are inefficient for many cancers, and unfortunately, few patients respond to these treatments. Indeed, altered metabolic pathways in the tumor play a pivotal role in tumor growth and immune response. Thus, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reprograms the behavior of immune cells by altering their cellular machinery and nutrient availability to limit antitumor functions. Today, thanks to a better understanding of cancer metabolism, immunometabolism and immune checkpoint evasion, the development of new therapeutic approaches targeting the energy metabolism of cancer or immune cells greatly improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in different cancer models. Herein, we highlight the changes in metabolic pathways that regulate the differentiation of pro- and antitumor immune cells and how TME-induced metabolic stress impedes their antitumor activity. Finally, we propose some drug strategies to target these pathways in the context of cancer immunotherapy.
Review: Challenges of In Vitro CAF Modelling in Liver Cancers
Authors: Herrero Alba , Knetemann Elisabeth , Mannaerts Inge
Published: November 2021

Primary and secondary liver cancer are the third cause of death in the world, and as the incidence is increasing, liver cancer represents a global health burden. Current treatment strategies are insufficient to permanently cure patients from this devastating disease, and therefore other approaches are under investigation. The importance of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumour microenvironment is evident, and many pre-clinical studies have shown increased tumour aggressiveness in the presence of CAFs. However, it remains unclear how hepatic stellate cells are triggered by the tumour to become CAFs and how the recently described CAF subtypes originate and orchestrate pro-tumoural effects. Specialized in vitro systems will be needed to address these questions. In this review, we present the currently used in vitro models to study CAFs in primary and secondary liver cancer and highlight the trend from using oversimplified 2D culture systems to more complex 3D models. Relatively few studies report on the impact of cancer (sub)types on CAFs and the tumour microenvironment, and most studies investigated the impact of secreted factors due to the nature of the models.
An Automatic Detection and Localization of Mammographic Microcalcifications ROI with Multi-Scale Features Using the Radiomics Analysis Approach
Authors: Mahmood Tariq , Li Jianqiang , Pei Yan , Akhtar Faheem , Imran Azhar , Yaqub Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Microcalcifications in breast tissue can be an early sign of breast cancer, and play a crucial role in breast cancer screening. This study proposes a radiomics approach based on advanced machine learning algorithms for diagnosing pathological microcalcifications in mammogram images and provides radiologists with a valuable decision support system (in regard to diagnosing patients). An adaptive enhancement method based on the contourlet transform is proposed to enhance microcalcifications and effectively suppress background and noise. Textural and statistical features are extracted from each wavelet layer’s high-frequency coefficients to detect microcalcification regions. The top-hat morphological operator and wavelet transform segment microcalcifications, implying their exact locations. Finally, the proposed radiomic fusion algorithm is employed to classify the selected features into benign and malignant. The proposed model’s diagnostic performance was evaluated on the MIAS dataset and compared with traditional machine learning models, such as the support vector machine, K-nearest neighbor, and random forest, using different evaluation parameters. Our proposed approach outperformed existing models in diagnosing microcalcification by achieving an 0.90 area under the curve, 0.98 sensitivity, and 0.98 accuracy. The experimental findings concur with expert observations, indicating that the proposed approach is most effective and practical for early diagnosing breast microcalcifications, substantially improving the work efficiency of physicians.
Pharmacovigilance quality system for vaccine monitoring (COVID-19) using quality indicators: a scoping review
Authors: de Oliveira Mayra M. Moura , Wagner Gabriela Arantes , Gattás Vera L. , de Souza Arruda Larissa , Taminato Monica
Published: November 2021

This scoping review responds to the appeal of the scientific community for collaboration between different entities for pharmacovigilance and active surveillance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. The objective is to identify, systematically evaluate, and synthesize the best scientific evidence available on the indicators used in pharmacovigilance systems. Our results demonstrate that approximately 50% of the 25 studies used in this review have been carried out in the past 5 years. Of these, only four used the pharmacovigilance indicators proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Eighty-seven pharmacovigilance indicators were identified, of which seven (8.0%) related to signal detection. While the WHO advocates signal detection as routine pharmacovigilance, in special situations – such as accelerated clinical studies where adverse events are not yet well known – other indicators related to signal detection appear to be good options for maintaining quality pharmacovigilance and active surveillance in the development of the COVID-19 vaccine. However, the less robust pharmacovigilance systems in low-income countries will necessitate greater involvement of health professionals from public and private sectors, pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, and the general public, to ensure information security and detection of signals for the COVID-19 vaccine.
APPROACHES TO ASSESSING TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY IN MEGACITIES: APPLYING GEOMARKETING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Murtuzalieva Taira V. , Lykina Anastasia V. , Ivashkova Natalia I. , Timokhina Galina S. , Shirochenskaya Irina P.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of modeling the accessibility of public transport and the formation of its criteria by using geographic information systems (GIS). The paper presents an analysis of the relationship between transport development and the development of large cities. The article analyzes the world and domestic experience of using transport availability indices in urban planning policy: public transport accessibility indices; a model of transit-oriented development, examples of its practical application in various cities worldwide.

Based on the study of a number of methods based on objective and subjective assessments of the level of transport accessibility, it was concluded that there is currently no universal methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the transport accessibility in megalopolises (objective and perceived). The modern possibilities of solving the tasks set by geomarketing technology based on the use of big data are identified.

The practical significance of the results obtained by the authors is due to the possibility of forming, on the basis of the studied methods, a system for analyzing the transport accessibility of capital objects in Moscow, differentiating the level of transport accessibility for different groups of the population.
RUSSIAN SPACE THROUGH THE PRISM OF LONG-TERM ACADEMIC INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH(REFLECTIONS ON THE BOOK «CHALLENGES AND POLICY OF RUSSIA’S SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY»)
Authors: Demyanenko Alexander N.
Published: November 2021

The article contains the author’s reflections on the scientific, theoretical and applied aspects of the modern challenges of Russia’s spatial development and the state policy responding to them, its goals and tools. The reason for the appearance of these reflections was the recent publication of a scientific and academic collective monograph on this topic, and their subject basis was an extensive range of issues analyzed in this monograph. In his reflections on the book, the author strives to identify, first of all, scientific results that are of a pioneering and debatable nature, while avoiding making categorical assessments and formulating final conclusions about complex and ambiguous judgments presented on the pages of the book. The author does not try to comment equally on all sections and aspects of a voluminous monograph, but focuses on revealing the ideological richness and meaningful depth of the peer-reviewed collective work, supporting and criticizing, developing and supplementing its most important and controversial provisions.
"Nossa História pode ser contada" – Um relato sobre alfabetização em círculos de cultura em Nazaré (RO)
Authors: Theodoro Helen Cristiane da Silva , Barbado Michele Cristina Batista , Noronha Sophia Ricci , Vasconcelos Valéria Oliveira de
Published: November 2021

A desigualdade social é uma das mais fortes marcas do Brasil, mantendo grupos segregados e hierarquizados, seja por razões econômicas, étnicas, raciais, de gênero, de sexualidade e até por seus níveis de escolarização. O analfabetismo persiste em nosso país e coincide quase exatamente com a geografia da pobreza. Frente a este contexto, o presente artigo traz o relato de uma vivência com mulheres ribeirinhas cuja história, segundo uma delas: “pode ser contada”. A experiência foi realizada na comunidade de Nazaré, localizada no baixo Rio Madeira/RO, na Amazônia brasileira e ocorreu no âmbito das ações do Núcleo de Apoio às Populações Ribeirinhas da Amazônia - NAPRA. Este artigo apresenta o relato de um trabalho cujo objetivo foi o de desenvolver encontros pedagógicos com vistas à alfabetização de algumas mulheres adultas. A metodologia foi pautada nos círculos de cultura segundo o referencial freiriano. Como resultados são apontados quatro aprendizados principais: 1) a importância de estar, de forma genuína, no território onde os encontros acontecem; 2) a necessidade de articulação regional-local e da permanência para o êxito das atividades; 3) a importância do processo como gerador de potencialidades coletivas e individuais; 4) o entendimento de que, mesmo a experiência sendo pontual, pode gerar mobilização, possibilidade concreta de transformação e partilhas amorosas. Importante ressaltar que, a Amazônia tem sido foco de graves ameaças sociais e ambientais, sendo reduzida a histórias de conflito e violência. Porém, há muitas narrativas a serem compartilhadas e sempre é possível ter esperança quando conseguimos contar outra história.
Um olhar a partir das iniciativas pedagógicas de Pestalozzi e a pedagogia freireana
Authors: Silva Edna Maria Lopes da
Published: November 2021

Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa de Doutorado, de cunho Histórico, Bibliográfico e Documental sobre os fundamentos do Método de Ensino Intuitivo, executado no Brasil, no final do século XIX, também conhecido como Lição de Coisas. Priorizou-se o estudo do Manual Didático de Norman Allison Calkins Primeiras Lições de Coisas, que continha os princípios do referido método criado por Henri Pestalozzi. Neste trabalho o objetivo é apresentar aproximações e distanciamentos entre a proposta teórica de Henri Pestalozzi, que fundamenta o método intuitivo e a teoria pedagógica de Freire, que fundamenta o método de alfabetização. Trata-se de um estudo reflexivo sobre estes autores e suas propostas através de métodos de ensino para leitura e escrita; autores de tempos e contextos diferentes, cujos temas de trabalho também são distintos, o primeiro, voltado para educação infantil e o segundo, para educação de jovens e adultos. Conclui-se que em suas propostas pedagógicas estão presentes críticas ao modelo de acesso ao saber sistematizado e ambos priorizam o incentivo da curiosidade do educando e das coisas do seu mundo. Ambos os métodos e seus princípios apresentam uma proposta acessível e necessária ao educador e ao educando porque propiciam o aprimoramento de suas capacidades de percepção e qualificação da ação. Ajuda-os a ver, ouvir, sentir e intuir mais e melhor sobre e a partir de seu mundo, uma vez que sua abertura ao diálogo e à reflexão viabiliza uma educação intelectualizada sem desprezar os saberes do corpo.
Geleneksel Anlatmadan Parodiye Kahramanın Dönüşümü ve Kurgunun Yeniden Yaratımı: “Bamsı Beyrek” Filmi Örneği
Authors: EMEÇ Gökçe
Published: November 2021

Halk bilgisi ürünlerinin doğduğu ve aktarıldığı kültür ortamları incelendiğinde üç kültür ortamından söz etmek mümkündür. Bu kültür ortamları birincil sözlü kültür ortamı, yazılı kültür ortamı ve ikincil sözlü kültür ortamıdır. Halk bilgisi ürünlerinin değişime açık yapısı, onların bu kültür ortamları arasında geçiş yapmalarına olanak sağlamış; birincil sözlü kültür ortamında doğan bir yaratmanın, ikincil/ elektronik sözlü kültür ortamında aktarılmasının önü açılmıştır. Teknolojinin gelişmesi, bilgi aktarımında medyanın ortaya çıkması ve etkin bir biçimde kullanılır hale gelmesi, kültürün aktarımındaki araçları da etkilemiştir.Sözlü kültür ortamında yaratıldığı düşünülen ve günümüze yazılı olarak gelmiş olan Dede Korkut anlatmaları Türk kültürü için oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Dede Korkut anlatmaları pek çok çağdaş edebî türe, tiyatroya, sinemaya, genel anlamıyla güzel sanatların diğer alanlarına da kaynak olmuştur. Senarist olarak tanıdığımız Burak Aksak, Dede Korkut anlatmalarını kendine has üslubuyla senaryolaştırmış ve izleyicilere sunmuştur. Aksak, 2017 yılında Dede Korkut anlatmalarından “Salur Kazan’ın Evinin Yağmalanması”, “Kam Püre oğlu Bamsı Beyrek” ve “Duha Koca oğlu Deli Dumrul” anlatmalarını “Salur Kazan: Zoraki Kahraman”, “Bamsı Beyrek” ve “Deli Dumrul” adlarıyla sinemaya uyarlamıştır. Dede Korkut anlatmalarını sinemaya uyarlarken mizahi bir üslupla metinleri yeniden yazmış, yeniden yazım sürecinde absürt parodiden yararlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda bazı araştırmacıların halk hikâyesi, bazı araştırmacıların ise destan özelliği gösterdiğini belirttikleri Bamsı Beyrek anlatması odak noktamız olacaktır. “Bamsı Beyrek” sinema filminde kahramanın dönüşümü anlatı metniyle karşılaştırılarak metinlerarası ilişkiler bağlamında metin merkezli yaklaşımla değerlendirilecektir. Ayrıca senaristin metne dâhil ettiği mizahi unsurlar parodi ve anakronizm çerçevesinde ele alınacaktır.
COVID-19 – ALTERANDO A VIDA DAS PESSOAS EM DIVERSOS ÂMBITOS
Authors: Netto Thomaz Soubhia , Macedo Fernando Luis , Tonon Adriana Pagan , Caritá Edilson Carlos , Pegoraro Gabriela Barbosa , da Silva Silvia Sidnéia , Tonon Thainara Pagan
Published: November 2021

A covid-19 é uma enfermidade infecciosa causada pelo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) e tem como características principais febre, tosse seca, cansaço, entre outras. A pandemia da covid-19 trouxe enormes dificuldades em várias áreas, como a economia, a educação, a saúde pública e as relações interpessoais, o que ocasionou a potencialização de vários transtornos mentais, como os obsessivos e ansiosos, o de estresse pós-traumático, a depressão e a ansiedade. Neste contexto, o objetivo do artigo é demonstrar as questões psíquicas referentes à ansiedade e à depressão que afligem os indivíduos durante a pandemia da covid-19. A metodologia utilizada é um estudo de revisão da literatura de caráter descritivo-exploratório. A busca de produção científica processou-se entre os anos de 2020 e 2021, com a apuração das publicações indexadas na Base de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), na Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e na Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Discutiu-se, neste trabalho, as várias consequências negativas nos âmbitos econômico, escolar, social, de saúde pública e de transtornos mentais, verificando o dano causado pela covid-19 em todas essas esferas. O percurso deste trabalho foi demonstrar os principais e mais afetados problemas que o Brasil vem passando. Na economia, ocorreu perda significativa nos empregos, queda salarial, aceleração do desemprego, diminuição da qualidade de vida e aumento da pobreza. Na educação, o problema não foi menor: a falta de acesso à internet, computadores e estrutura escolar para as aulas remotas atrapalhou o desempenho dos estudantes. Na saúde, houve um aumento nos transtornos mentais, na ansiedade e na depressão, principalmente entre aqueles que trabalham diretamente com a covid-19, e os idosos e obesos foram os mais afetados, com níveis de morte muito altos, o que aumenta o medo de morrer desses indivíduos.
Produção de prodigiosina por Serratia marcescens UCP 1549 utilizando farelo de milho como fonte sustentável / Prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens UCP 1549 using corn bran as a sustainable source
Authors: Marinho Jaqueline dos Santos , França Eduardo da Silva , Lemos Diego Guedes de Lima , Rodríguez Dayana Montero , Takaki Galba Maria de Campos- , Andrade Rosileide Fontenele da Silva , Silva Carlos Alberto Alves da
Published: November 2021

Os corantes microbianos têm sido bastante utilizados nas últimas décadas, devido a elevada biodiversidade microbiana existente. Serratia marcescens é uma bactéria que tem despertado interesse comercial e industrial devido ao elevado potencial de produção de um pigmento vermelho, conhecido como prodigiosina. Este pigmento é um metabolito secundário caracterizado como um alcalóide tripirrol que possui ações antimicrobiana e anticancerígena. O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir prodigiosina por S. marcescens UCP 1549 a partir da metabolização de farelo de milho como substrato sustentável. Para isso, S. marcescens foi crescida em meio Luria Bertani e posteriormente, células jovens foram transferidas para o meio de produção constituído por farelo de milho (1%) e base de sais. A influência do volume do meio de produção no rendimento de biomassa e prodigiosina foi investigada através do escalonamento da fermentação em frascos de 500, 1000 e 1500 mL. A biomassa produzida foi quantificada através de gravimetria, enquanto que a extração do pigmento presente na biomassa foi realizado utilizando um sistema de solventes clorofórmio: metanol, sendo o rendimento do pigmento expresso em mg.g de biomassa. A identificação do pigmento vermelho produzido foi realizada através de espectrofotometria e cromatografia em camada delgada. O pigmento extraído foi aplicado na coloração de sabonetes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a máxima produção de biomassa (9,52 g/L) ocorreu no meio de produção contendo 1500 mL. Por outro lado, o máximo rendimento do pigmento vermelho bruto (30,97 mg.g de biomassa) ocorreu no meio de produção com volume de 500 mL. O valor do fator de retenção (Rf) do pigmento vermelho foi de0.9 com um pico máximo de absorbância foi detectado no comprimento de onda de 535 nm, confirmando assim a produção de prodigiosina por S. marcescens. A prodigiosina foi utilizada eficientemente como corante de sabonete em barra, o que sugere o seu potencial de uso na indústria de cosméticos.
Tratamento de queratocisto maxilar em paciente pediátrico: Relato de caso
Authors: Garbin Júnior Eleonor Álvaro , Zenatti Rafael , Silva Marina Pereira , Érnica Natasha Magro , Griza Geraldo Luiz , Conci Ricardo Augusto
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o tratamento de um queratocisto em paciente pediátrico, localizado no osso maxilar. O queratocisto odontogênico possui comportamento mais agressivo e taxas de recidivas maiores do que os outros cistos odontogênicos, acometendo frequentemente a mandíbula. Dentre as opções de tratamento encontram-se a enucleação, marsupialização e descompressão. A enucleação, quando indicada, é considerada o melhor padrão de tratamento por necessitar apenas de um tempo cirúrgico. Paciente sexo masculino, 13 anos, atendido no programa de Residência em Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná, devido obstrução nasal ao lado esquerdo. Ao exame extraoral apresentava discreto aumento de volume em região paranasal esquerda, distopia de globo ocular esquerdo, acuidade visual preservada e motilidade dos globos oculares mantida. Apresentava também, abaulamento em fundo de vestíbulo superior esquerdo, de consistência endurecida e mucosas integras. Na tomografia, observou-se imagem hiperdensa, extensa, unilocular, bem definida, envolvendo por completo o seio maxilar esquerdo, desde sua base ao assoalho da órbita, que se encontrava elevado, obstrução do antro maxilar esquerdo pelo envolvimento da parede lateral da fossa nasal. Foi realizado enucleação da lesão com sinusectomia e antrostomia de seio maxilar esquerdo. Após 16 meses, o tratamento se mostrou efetivo pela regressão da lesão, sem complicações pós-operatórias. O diagnóstico acurado e a técnica cirúrgica precisa são importantes para o tratamento de patologias de grande extensão quem acometem os ossos da face.
Leptospirose subclínica em cães domiciliados de Bom Jesus-PI / Subclinical leptospirosis in dogs domiciled in Bom Jesus-PI
Authors: Gonçalves Larissa Maria Feitosa , Dantas Jackson Brendo Gomes , Mineiro Ana Lys Bezerra Barradas , Machado Felicianna Clara Fonseca , Machado Antônio Augusto Nascimento , De Amorim Thiago Emanuel , Filho Manoel Lopes da Silva
Published: November 2021

A leptospirose é causada por bactérias que pertencem ao gênero Leptospira, afetando diversas espécies animais e os seres humanos. Os cães por conviverem em proximidade com os seres humanos, participam ativamente da cadeia epidemiológica da doença. Para tanto, objetivou-se denotar a leptospirose subclínica em cães de Bom Jesus, Piauí. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 125 cães para realização da técnica de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM). Dos 125 cães, 15 (12%) foram soropositivos, onde, 8 (oito) foram reagentes para o sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, 3 (três) para o sorovar Autumnalis, 2 (dois) para Copenhageni e 2 (dois) para o Canícola. Os resultados mostram que os cães podem atuar na transmissão da enfermidade para os humanos, e que, mesmo sororeagentes para sorovares não adaptados a esta espécie, não manifestaram sinais clínicos característicos da leptospirose.
Reviewing the Safe Shipping of Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Cells: A Materials Chemistry Perspective
Authors: Rudola Ashish , Wright Christopher J. , Barker Jerry
Published: November 2021

High energy density lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are commonly used nowadays. Three decades’ worth of intense research has led to a good understanding on several aspects of such batteries. But, the issue of their safe storage and transportation is still not widely understood from a materials chemistry perspective. Current international regulations require Li-ion cells to be shipped at 30% SOC (State of Charge) or lower. In this article, the reasons behind this requirement for shipping Li-ion batteries are firstly reviewed and then compared with those of the analogous and recently commercialized sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries. For such alkali-ion batteries, the safest state from their active materials viewpoint is at 0 V or zero energy, and this should be their ideal state for storage/shipping. However, a “fully discharged” Li-ion cell used most commonly, composed of graphite-based anode on copper current collector, is not actually at 0 V at its rated 0% SOC, contrary to what one might expect—the detailed mechanism behind the reason for this, namely, copper dissolution, and how it negatively affects cycling performance and cell safety, will be summarized herein. It will be shown that Na-ion cells, capable of using a lighter and cheaper aluminum current collector on the anode, can actually be safely discharged to 0 V (true 0% SOC) and beyond, even to reverse polarity (negative voltages). It is anticipated that this article spurs further research on the 0 V capability of Na-ion systems, with some suggestions for future studies provided.
The Politics of Regulating Foods for Infants and Young Children: A Case Study on the Framing and Contestation of Codex Standard-Setting Processes on Breast-Milk Substitutes
Authors: Boatwright Monique , Lawrence Mark , Russell Cherie , Russ Katheryn , McCoy David , Baker Phillip
Published: November 2021

Background: Breastfeeding is important for the health and development of the child, and for maternal health, in all country contexts. However, global sales of breast-milk substitutes (BMS), including infant, follow-up and toddler formulas, have ‘boomed’ in recent decades. This raises the importance of international food standards established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) on the safety, composition and labelling of BMS. Such standards appear to be strongly contested by governments, industry and civil society groups, yet few studies have investigated the politics of Codex standard-setting processes. The aim of this paper is to understand who participates in decision-making, and how actors frame and contest proposals to revise the Codex Standard on Follow-up Formula (FUF). Methods: We adopted a case study design involving two steps. First, we enumerated government, industry, civil society, and international organization stakeholders participating in standard-setting processes of the Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses (CCNFSDU). Second, we conducted a framing analysis of stakeholder inputs during the FUF standard revision in CCNFSDU meetings. Publicly available online meeting reports (2015-2019) were retrieved, analyzed using a theoretical framework, and organized thematically. Results: High-income country (HIC) delegates greatly outnumbered those from other country income categories. Industry representation was higher compared with other observer categories. Member state delegations included more industry representation than civil society representation, and were occasionally the only member state delegates. Industry stakeholders framed arguments in terms of trade implications, science, and flexible standards. Civil society groups used public health, science, and pro-breastfeeding frames. Conclusion: Codex BMS standard-setting procedures are dominated by HICs and industry groups. Limited representation of civil society, and of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), suggest actions are needed to substantially increase support for their involvement at Codex. Such representation may help to counteract power asymmetries and commercial influences on food standards for infants and young children.
ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF FOREST STANDS OF ROSSOSHANSKY FORESTRY
Authors: Zamiusskaya E. , Koza V. , Moiseeva E.
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the results of the assessment of the state of forest stands of the Rossoshansky forestry. The research was conducted in 2020 at 2 trial sites. When conducting a survey on wood species from infectious pathologies at the trial sites of the Rossoshansky forestry, diseases of the assimilation apparatus, necrotic-cancerous diseases, root and stem rot were noted. Also identified entomovrediteley this plant. The stability class, the average score of the stand state, the digression stage, and the fautiness of the trees were determined.
ECOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE CREATION OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Ramenskaya A. , Degtyareva Svetlana , Dorofeeva Valentina
Published: November 2021

The ecological foundations of the creation of some biosphere reserves of the Russian Federation are analyzed. The article focuses on the influence of abiotic environmental factors on the species of organisms and ecosystems in general. The patterns of vegetation distribution, the time of creation and the functional role of the reserve, and the status of the biosphere reserve are revealed.
Analisis Kapasitas Struktur Dinding Squat Wall (Studi Kasus Underpass Pompa Sentiong Jakarta)
Authors: Costa Anthony , Bimo Bimo Brata Adhitya , Vera Kencana Verawati
Published: November 2021

There is a potential overflow of a river during rain, resulting in water levels raised beyond normal water levels in the Sentiong Underpass Area, Jakarta in which is one of the strategic locations in Central Jakarta. To guarantee and maximize water flow in the Sentiong Underpass area, a water discharge regulatory system was created to be the form of underground wall structures equipped with pump houses. This wall structure is made of reinforced concrete structures underground at ± 3 m depth. This research aims to evaluate and analyze the underground wall capacity with reference to principles designed by SNI 2847-2013 and SNI 1727-2013. Analysis of data used based on field data including soil test parameters and vehicle traffic. Structural analysis which used is Computer Program (STAADPro), then based on the data obtained from the results of analysis and evaluation can be determined magnitude of displacement and dimensions of the reinforcement. The wall structure in Sentiong Area, Jakarta was planned to use K-300 concrete as high as 3m underground, 40 cm of wall thickness, bottom floor thickness 40 cm, and upper floor thickness 20 cm. The total length of this underground wall structure was planned 32 m. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that displacement and capacity structure qualified safely with design steel reinforcement diameters of D13 mm and D16 mm.
Evaluasi Kinerja Struktur Gedung Bertingkat Menggunakan Pendekatan Desain Berbasis Kinerja
Authors: Pangestu Saifulloh Fatah , Pratama M Mirza Abdillah
Published: November 2021

In Indonesia, earthquake-resistant structures are governed by SNI as design codes, which are updated on a regular basis. As a result, existing buildings with outdated requirements must be reviewed so that the building's performance may be assessed in light of the most recent codes. Pushover analysis and direct displacement-based design are used to characterize the real condition of the building in order to assess its performance. The 7-story reinforced concrete building structure in this study was designed according to SNI 03-2847-2002 and SNI-1726-2002. This structure will be evaluated utilizing the FEMA 440 and FEMA 356 procedures, as well as SNI 1726:2019. The results show that the structure meets the minimal performance limit criteria (which is life safety) in terms of displacement and drift values from the pushover analysis, based on FEMA 356 and FEMA 440 performance levels. The evaluation indicates better structural response parameter values (R, Ω0, and Cd) than that of SNI 1726:2019, indicating that the building performance is good and capable of withstanding the design earthquake load.
Karakteristik Mortar Polimer Epoxy Resin Dengan Fiberglass
Authors: Utomo Bambang , Nurjannah Siti Aisyah , Saloma
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, the developments of technology in construction are progressing very rapidly, one of which is mortar without using cement material. This encourages the development of concrete and mortar technology so that it can be widely used to repair structural or non-structural damages. In these conditions, a binder is needed in the form of an epoxy resin polymer with added fiberglass to get a strong material result in a short time. A mixture of 75% sand and 25% epoxy resin from the volume of the test object resulted a mortar compressive strength of 35.50 MPa with a specific gravity of 1.505 kg/m3. The results showed that the variation of the compressive strength of the epoxy resin mortar without fiber was higher than the variation with fiberglass. This was due to the addition of fiberglass reducing the composition of the percentage of epoxy resin which results in reduced bonding power in the mixture. The flexural strength of a mortar with variations using fiberglass was 8 MPa and showed the best performance, although the difference was not too far from the variation without fiberglass. This was because the addition of fiberglass can reduce cracks, so that the fibers can bind well. The tests had been carried out including tests of the compressive strength, flexural strength, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Simulasi Aplikasi PLC Sebagai Sistem Proteksi Arus Dan Temperatur Lebih Pada Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa
Authors: Aulia Sophia Latifah , Tohir Toto , W. Kartono
Published: November 2021

Simulasi Aplikasi PLC Sebagai Sistem Proteksi Arus Dan Temperatur Lebih Pada Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa
PERANCANGAN DAN REALISASI DUAL-BAND BAND-STOP FILTER DENGAN METODE SPURLINE DAN STEPPED-IMPEDANCE RESONATOR PADA FREKUENSI 2.45 GHZ DAN 5.8 GHZ
Authors: Pratama Ananda Dana , Elisma Elisma
Published: November 2021

PERANCANGAN DAN REALISASI DUAL-BAND BAND-STOP FILTER DENGAN METODE SPURLINE DAN STEPPED-IMPEDANCE RESONATOR PADA FREKUENSI 2.45 GHZ DAN 5.8 GHZ
Perancangan Mesin Pembuat Serundeng Kapasitas 10 Kg Menggunakan Metode Pahl & Beitz
Authors: Al Ghani Muhammad Naufal , Suryadi Aris
Published: November 2021

Perancangan Mesin Pembuat Serundeng Kapasitas 10 Kg Menggunakan Metode Pahl & Beitz
AQUAPONIK SOLUSI URBAN FARMING
Authors: Livia windiana  , Nuriza Putri Desiana , Amalia Dina , Melliana Rahmah Annisa'
Published: November 2021

Urban farming is one of the strategies that can shape family food security in urban areas. The aquaponic system is one of the urban farming activities. Small-scale aquaponics can be used for household scale. Maximum care is needed in aquaponic cultivation so that the growth and yield of vegetables and fish are good. Aquaponic can be an IRT solution that does not manage daily food expenditure by getting fish and vegetable crops that are harvested per day. The purpose of this community service is to: (1) analyze the frequency of household vegetable consumption, (2) analyze household income (savings) from the application of aquaponics. This study uses a qualitative approach and survey methods and uses income analysis. The results showed: (1) There was an increase in the frequency of eating vegetables in respondents by 9.5%. Before the socialization, the frequency of eating vegetables for households was 90.5%, while after the activity was carried out, the frequency of eating vegetables was 100%. Respondents consume vegetables every day so that they have fulfilled the minimum amount of vegetable and fruit consumption per household member is three portions of fruit and two portions of vegetables or vice versa every day (2) Household food income or saving by applying aquaculture is Rp. 126.000/month obtained from the harvest of vegetables and catfish.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMEN TERHADAP PEMBELIAN BERAS ORGANIK (Studi kasus di Kecamatan Selopuro Kabupaten Blitar)
Authors: Zamrodah Yuhanin
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of consumers of organic rice and to identify the factors that influence consumers to purchase organic rice in Selopuro District. The implementation of this research activity will be carried out in April 2021 - June 2021 in Selopuro District, Blitar Regency. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The independent variables in this study include the price of organic rice, the price of non-organic rice, income, education, employment status, consumer tastes, consumer lifestyle, health and access to buy organic rice. While the dependent variable in this study is the number of consumer demand for organic rice. The results of data analysis found that the X2 (non-organic rice) variable was 0.042, X4 (Education) was 0.054, X7 (lifestyle) was 0.042 and X8 (health) was 0.038 very influential on the purchase of organic rice. The results of the t test show that some variables have positive numbers and some variables have negative numbers, while the F test simultaneously shows that the calculated F value is 2,951 which is greater than the F table of 2,420. This indicates that the independent variables have a significant influence on purchasing decisions.
Estimation of S-parameters and dielectric permittivity of quartz ceramics samples in millimeter waveband
Authors: Pevneva N. A. , Kondrashov D. A. , Gurskii A. L. , Gusinsky A. V.
Published: November 2021

A modified Nicholson – Ross – Weir method was used to determine complex parameters and dielectric permittivity of ceramic materials in the range 78.33–118.1 GHz. The measuring equipment is a meter of complex reflection and transmission coefficients, a waveguide measuring canal with a special measuring cell, consisting of two irregular waveguides and a waveguide chamber between them, which provides insignificant influence of higher-order modes. The dependences of the amplitude and phase of the reflection and transmission coefficients on frequency were obtained experimentally for fluoroplastic and three ceramic samples in the frequency range 78.33–118.1 GHz. The obtained S-parameters are processed according to an algorithm that includes their averaging based on the Fourier transform in order to obtain the values of the dielectric permittivity. Fluoroplastic was used as a reference material with a known dielectric constant. The dielectric constant of fluoroplastic has a stable value of 2.1 in the above mentioned frequency range. The dielectric constant of sample No. 1 varies from 3.6 to 2.5 at the boundaries of the range, sample No. 2 – from 3.7 to 2.1, sample No. 3 – from 2.9 to 1.5. The experimental data are in satisfactory agreement with the literature data for other frequencies taking into account the limits set by the measurement uncertainty.
System of operational control of psychophysiological indicators of operators of hierarchical systems in making management decisions
Authors: Pushkareva N. V.
Published: November 2021

A system of operational control of psychophysiological indicators of operators is presented. It includes a set of test methods for selecting psychologically compatible operators of high-responsibility systems. The selection of operators on a PC is carried out. The results of electronic protocols in narrative and graphical form are given. After that, the method of selecting psychologically compatible operators of highresponsibility systems is applied. It uses a mathematical model selection of PC-based operators using regression analysis. The coefficients of this model are taken as a selection criterion. The maximum permissible maximum criterion corresponds to the coefficient of the mathematical model of the work of operators with a relatively high level of professionally important qualities. And the maximum permissible minimum criterion corresponds to the coefficient of the mathematical model of the work of operators with a relatively average level of professionally important qualities. In future, the calculation is completed according to the developed algorithm for the selection of psychologically compatible operators. Operational control of the psychophysiological state (PFS) of operators is performed with the control support of marks from the target in optimal conditions using a hierarchical system of group tracking on the example of links of the automatic control system. As a criterion for assessing the stability of the PFS operators at the time of the control, the range of changes in the value of the RMS error when accompanying the control mark is taken.
Temperature resistance coefficient of doped with rare earth elements nanostructured silicon films
Authors: Strogova A. S.
Published: November 2021

The regularities of changes in the concentration of an electrically active dopant in a nanostructured silicon film by changing the electrical resistivity depending on the doping conditions were investigated. The dependences of the changes in the obtained structures doped with rare-earth elements, such as La, Eu, Sm, Dy, Gd (lanthanides), on nanostructured silicon films are determined. The regularities of the obtained films changes and the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) change depending on the formation conditions are established. The regularities of the TCR are shown depending on the selected conditions for doping or non-doping of nanostructured silicon films with various impurities. It is shown that the main conditions under which the effect and change in the temperature coefficient of resistors resistance on thin films using rare-earth elements, such as oxygen, boron and phosphorus in the bulk of the film, is considered to be the temperature effect after deposition.
Range of Motion Exercise to Improve Muscle Strength among Stroke Patients: A Literature Review
Authors: Srinayanti Yanti , Widianti Wina , Andriani Dian , Firdaus Fidya Anisa , Setiawan Henri
Published: November 2021

Stroke was a disturbance in part or all brain function caused by abnormal blood flow to the brain, disrupting bodily functions such as muscle weakness. One of the efforts that could be done to overcome muscle weakness in stroke patients was the Range Of Motion (ROM) exercise which could be done independently or assisted by health workers. The purpose of this literature review was to identify the effect of range of motion (ROM) exercise in increasing muscle strength in stroke patients. This study used a descriptive method with a literature review approach. The search strategy used six international journal databases: PubMed, JSTOR, Wiley Online Library, Sage Journal, ScienceDirect, and Taylor & Francis Online. In addition, a search was conducted on one national journal database, namely Google Scholar. The selection was conducted by assessing articles that met the inclusion criteria, such as publication range from 2005-2021, in English, Indonesian, and other languages that can be translated and opened full access text. After the selection process, nine articles that met the inclusion criteria were obtained, with 197 respondents assigned randomly and grouped into 58 control groups, 55 intervention groups, 84 combined groups. The results showed that the ROM exercise method positively affected increasing muscle strength in stroke patients. Based on these results, it could be concluded that this nurse's independent intervention needed to be carried out in stroke patients to increase muscle strength
Pedro J. Sánchez: “El león del Tolima"
Authors: Melo Salazar Antonio
Published: November 2021

Crónica periodística de Pedro J. Sánchez, publicada en el volumen VII de Tolimenses que dejan huella. Ciclista tolimense, ganador de la XVIII Vuelta a Colombia (1968), también llamado el “León del Tolima”. Con su equipo, Telepostal, logró superar a Javier “El Ñato” Suárez, Martín “Cochise” Rodríguez y Gustavo Rincón.
Pengukuran Karakteristik Lahan Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Perdanasari Lukie , Kurniasari Arvita Agus , Puspitasari Trismayanti Dwi , Etikasari Bety , Utomo Denny Trias , Jumiatun Jumiatun , Mahendra Octavian Yudha
Published: November 2021

Climate change is one of the factors that affect crop production, so it is necessary to implement strategies and technologies to maintain the availability of cereal crops in Indonesia. It is necessary to prepare the land for the early planting process and monitoring plant growth in order to produce maximum crops. Utilization of the Internet of Things (IoT) can be used to monitor soil temperature and pH in real time, so hope for the long term it can increase crop production. The purpose of this research is to make a prototype design system with Internet of Things (IoT) technology to obtain temperature and pH data. This tool will test the functional accuracy. This research for measuring the characteristics of land based on IOT uses a prototype method consisting of Communication, Quick Plan, Modelling Quick Design, Construction of prototype, and Development Delivery & Feedback. Assembling the Wemos microcontroller, D1 R1, Breadboard, DS18B20 temperature sensor, 4700 Ohm Resistor, soil pH sensor, and 16x2 I2C LCD and connected using jumper cables with application control will be implemented into Wemos D1 R1 using the C++ programming language using Arduino IDE. Testing of the tool is carried out to ensure that the sensor is functionally able to read the temperature and pH of the soil correctly. Testing used black box method and was implemented in 5 land axis points at Politeknik Negeri Jember. The results used tools and litmus paper showed the same value. The conclusion and benefit of detecting land characteristics using the Wemos microcontroller showed more detailed measurement results with numbers behind the comma and a tool accuration rate of 100%.
Ethics in Prognostics and Health Management
Authors: Goebel Kai , Smith Brian , Bajwa Anupa
Published: November 2021

As we enter an era where intelligent systems are omnipresent and where they also permeate Prognostics and Health Management ( PHM ), the discussion of moral machines or ethics in engineering will inevitably engulf PHM as well. This article explores the topic of ethics within the PHM domain: how it is relevant, and how it may be addressed in a conscientious way. The paper provides a historical perspective on ethics-related developments that resulted in the formulation of engineering ethics codes, regulations, and policies. By virtue of these developments, ethics has already been encapsulated in PHM systems. The specific areas that have traditionally driven ethics considerations include safety and security, and they increasingly include privacy, proprietary considerations ( protection of intellectual property ), and environmental protection. During the course of future technology development, innovations will increasingly impact all of these topics. It is argued here that consciously embracing these issues will increase the competitive advantage of a PHM technology solution. As a guideline, specific ethics attributes are derived from professional engineering ethics codes, and a path towards insertion into a requirements flow down is suggested.
A Feasibility Study on the Implementation of Visibility Algorithms for Fault Diagnosis in Aircraft Fuel Systems
Authors: Miguez Manuel Esperon , Uriondo Adrian , Rodriguez Jorge , Luque Bartolo
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses the applicability of Visibility Algorithms to detect faults in condition monitoring applications. The general purpose of Visibility Algorithms is to transform time series into graphs and study them through the characterization of their associated network. Degradation of a component results in changes to the network. This technique has been applied using a test rig of an aircraft fuel system to show that there is a correlation between the values of key metrics of visibility graphs and the severity of four failure modes. We compare the results of using Horizontal Visibility algorithms against Natural Visibility algorithms. The results also show how the Kullback-Leibler divergence and statistical entropy can be used to produce condition indicators. Experimental results show that there is little dispersion in the values of condition indicators, leading to a low probability of false positives and false negatives.