bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidural and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation facilitates descending inputs to upper-limb motoneurons in monkeys
Authors: Guiho Thomas , Baker Stuart N , Jackson Andrew
Published: February 2021

Objective. There is renewed interest in epidural and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (SCS) as a therapy following spinal cord injury, both to reanimate paralyzed muscles as well as to potentiate weakened volitional control of movements. However, most work to date has focussed on lumbar SCS for restoration of locomotor function. Therefore, we examined upper-limb muscle responses and modulation of supraspinal-evoked movements by different frequencies of cervical SCS delivered to various epidural and transcutaneous sites in anaesthetized, neurologically intact monkeys. Approach. Epidural SCS was delivered via a novel multielectrode cuff placed around both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the cervical spinal cord, while transcutaneous SCS was delivered using a high carrier frequency through surface electrodes. Main results. Ventral epidural SCS elicited robust movements at lower current intensities than dorsal sites, with evoked motor unit potentials that reliably followed even high-frequency trains. By contrast, the muscle responses to dorsal SCS required higher current intensities and were attenuated throughout the train. However, dorsal epidural SCS and, to a lesser extent, transcutaneous SCS were effective at facilitating supraspinal-evoked responses, especially at intermediate stimulation frequencies. The time- and frequency-dependence of dorsal SCS effects could be explained by a simple model in which transynaptic excitation of motoneurons was gated by prior stimuli through presynaptic mechanisms. Significance. Our results suggest that multicontact electrodes allowing access to both dorsal and ventral epidural sites may be beneficial for combined therapeutic purposes, and that the interaction of direct, synaptic and presynaptic effects should be considered when optimising SCS-assisted rehabilitation.
A new automated multi-stage system of non-local means and multi-kernel adaptive filtering techniques for EEG noise and artifacts suppression
Authors: Eltrass Ahmed S , Ghanem Noha H
Published: February 2021

Context. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are contaminated with diverse types of noises and artifacts, which greatly distort EEG recording and increase the difficulty in obtaining accurate diagnosis. Objective. This paper investigates, for the first time, multi-kernel normalized least mean square with coherence-based sparsification (MKNLMS-CS) algorithm for suppressing different artifact components, and the 1D patch-based non-local means (NLM) algorithm for eliminating white and colored noises. Approach. A novel multi-stage system based on combining the NLM algorithm with the MKNLMS-CS algorithm is proposed for eliminating different noise and artifact sources by targeting each noise or artifact component in a single stage. Main Results. The proposed approach is applied to clinical real EEG data, and the results reveal the superior performance of the proposed system in removing white and colored noises, suppressing different artifact components, preserving the important and tiny features of the original EEG signal, and keeping the morphology of EEG frequency components. Significance. The proposed multi-stage design succeeds not only to suppress different artifact components and noise sources under low and high noise conditions, but also to achieve accurate sleep spindle detection from the filtered high-quality EEG signals. This demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed approach for obtaining high-resolution EEG signal from noisy and contaminated EEG recordings.
Characterizing pink and white noise in the human electroencephalogram
Authors: Barry Robert J , De Blasio Frances M
Published: February 2021

Objective. The power spectrum of the human electroencephalogram (EEG) as a function of frequency is a mix of brain oscillations (Osc) (e.g. alpha activity around 10 Hz) and non-Osc or noise of uncertain origin. ‘White noise’ is uniformly distributed over frequency, while ‘pink noise’ has an inverse power-frequency relation (power ∝ 1/f). Interest in EEG pink noise has been growing, but previous human estimates appear methodologically flawed. We propose a new approach to extract separate valid estimates of pink and white noise from an EEG power spectrum. Approach. We use simulated data to demonstrate its effectiveness compared with established procedures, and provide an illustrative example from a new resting eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) dataset. The topographic characteristics of the obtained pink and white noise estimates are examined, as is the alpha power in this sample. Main results. Valid pink and white noise estimates were successfully obtained for each of our 5400 individual spectra (60 participants × 30 electrodes × 3 conditions/blocks [EO1, EC, EO2]). The 1/f noise had a distinct central scalp topography, and white noise was occipital in distribution, both differing from the parietal topography of the alpha Osc. These differences point to their separate neural origins. EC pink and white noise powers were globally greater than in EO. Significance. This valid estimation of pink and white noise in the human EEG holds promise for more accurate assessment of oscillatory neural activity in both typical and clinical groups, such as those with attention deficits. Further, outside the human EEG, the new methodology can be generalized to remove noise from spectra in many fields of science and technology.
Spatial and temporal resolution of optogenetically recovered vision in ChR2-transduced mouse retina
Authors: Reh Miriam , Lee Meng-Jung , Schmierer Julia , Zeck Günther
Published: February 2021

Objective. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) represent an attractive target in vision restoration strategies, because they undergo little degeneration compared to other retinal neurons. Here we investigated the temporal and spatial resolution in adult photoreceptor-degenerated (rd10) mouse retinas, where RGCs have been transduced with the optogenetic actuator channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Approach. The RGC spiking activity was recorded continuously with a CMOS-based microelectrode array during a variety of photostimulation protocols. The temporal resolution was assessed through Gaussian white noise stimuli and evaluated using a linear-nonlinear-Poisson model. Spatial sensitivity was assessed upon photostimulation with single rectangular pulses stepped across the retina and upon stimulation with alternating gratings of different spatial frequencies. Spatial sensitivity was estimated using logistic regression or by evaluating the spiking activity of independent RGCs. Main results. The temporal resolution after photostimulation displayed an about ten times faster kinetics as compared to physiological filters in wild-type RGCs. The optimal spatial resolution estimated using the logistic regression model was 10 µm and 87 µm based on the population response. These values correspond to an equivalent acuity of 1.7 or 0.2 cycles per degree, which is better than expected from the size of RGCs’ optogenetic receptive fields. Significance. The high temporal and spatial resolution obtained by photostimulation of optogenetically transduced RGCs indicate that high acuity vision restoration may be obtained by photostimulation of appropriately modified RGCs in photoreceptor-degenerated retinas.
Research on Public Space Optimization of Intelligent Community based on User Requirements
Authors: Wei Sifan , Kuang Fuchun , Guo Zijing , Ren Bing
Published: February 2021

Under the background of informatization, the function and structure of public space in intelligent community can no longer meet the requirements of community users. Through field survey, this study interprets the user demand reflected by various phenomena in the community public space, and preliminarily identifies the user demand items. Then, it uses the KJ method to classify the demand items. Guided by Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the requirements are integrated again by matrix analysis method to get the user's needs and on this basis the friendly strategy of public space design in intelligent community is proposed.
Contactless Elevator Call Based on TOF Laser Ranging and Floating Image Technologies
Authors: Xu Yuechang , Zhang Bing
Published: February 2021

This paper introduces a method of applying TOF (Time of flight) laser ranging (TOFlrt) and floating image technologies for contactless elevator call. The first is to project the image of the elevator button into the air. The second is to touch the floating image with your finger to activate the TOF sensor to send a control signal to the elevator. In order to verify the accuracy and sensing range of the TOF laser sensor, a measurement experiment is carried out. The measurement results show that when the floating image height is from 30mm to 50mm above the device surface, the sensor can detect the finger accurately with low latency. This system has been successfully implemented to elevators in a number of office buildings in Shanghai and all implemented systems are currently in smooth operation.
Agriculture Knowledge Graph Construction and Application
Authors: Qin Hongchen , Yao Yiheng
Published: February 2021

For the purpose of establishing vertical knowledge graph and auxiliary applications in the agricultural field, a set of agricultural knowledge graph construction methods, calculation frameworks and practical application systems are proposed. Firstly, the existing storage form and knowledge representation of knowledge in the agricultural field are integrated and regularized. On the basis of this data processing, the intelligent construction method of automatic and manual dual mode of knowledge graph in the agricultural field is proposed, and the key technology of entity relationship joint model to extract entity relationship and intelligent retrieval of irregular data. Then, similarity calculation will be used to perform entity knowledge fusion on knowledge graph in the agricultural field, making the graph more standardized, accurate and complete. A good graph is visualized and applied to the mainstream functions of intelligent question answering, which makes the whole system sort out the messy agricultural knowledge and apply it better to better assist learning and research.
Evaluation and Improvement of the Intrinsic Safety Level of Employees
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Xiaonuo , Yi Yan
Published: February 2021

Intrinsic safety is the eternal pursuit of power companies. The intrinsic safety level of front-line employees of technical skills posts is the basic guarantee for the security and stability operation of power systems. In order to help power companies scientifically evaluate and effectively improve the intrinsic safety level of employees, a quantifiable evaluation model is created. Combining with the sample to give a verification process, the validity of the model is confirmed. It shows that this model can be adjust to be much greater targeting for different types of jobs of grid companies and the evaluation efficiency is improved while ensuring the accuracy of the evaluation. In practical applications, the evaluation results have many uses such as providing reference for talent-post matching. This paper also designed a training system that matches the evaluation model, which can provide employees with targeted learning basing on their own weak links and quickly improve the intrinsic safety level.
Research on the Improvement Path of Financial Report Based on XBRL
Authors: Wen Yong
Published: February 2021

Cloud computing drives the exponential growth of data scale, forming a "big data phenomenon".There is huge commercial value behind big data, which requires the use of deep mining and machine intelligence technologies to discover and apply.In the third wave of informatization, the application of big data technology in the field of XBRL financial reporting has a strong necessity and feasibility.The article first conducts extensive surveys and statistics on the problems in the application of XBRL from the perspective of the capital market, and conducts a visual analysis.Then, the article introduces the IASB's accounting information quality characteristics and China's accounting information quality requirements.Finally, it discusses how to use big data technology to improve the quality of XBRL financial report presentation information, such as deep learning, knowledge calculation, visualization, classification prediction, outliers, etc.
Anti-CEA tagged iron nanoparticles for targeting triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Correa Thais S , Bocca Anamélia L , Figueiredo Florêncio , Lima Emilia C O , Almeida Santos Maria De Fatima M , Lacava Zulmira G M , Campos-da-Paz Mariana
Published: February 2021

Systemic therapy is generally required for breast cancer. However, treatment toxicity and side effects are a concern, especially for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype that usually develops resistance to chemotherapy. To overcome this issue, new nanoformulations capable of targeting cancer cells have been developed and alternative biomarkers have been explored as target molecules for TNBC management. In this study, we performed an in vivo assay in a murine orthotopic TNBC model to evaluate the targeting ability of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) loaded nanoparticles (labelled MFCEA), which had been previously synthetized by our research group. 4T1 cells were injected in the mammary gland of balb-c mice, and tumors were evaluated for CEA expression by immunohistochemistry. Tumor-bearing mice received targeted (MFCEA) and non-targeted (MF) nanoparticles intraperitoneally. Tumors were removed 1, 4, 15 and 24 h after treatment, and Prussian blue iron staining was performed. Our results showed, as far as we know for the first time, that 4T1 induced tumors are CEA positive, and this opens up new prospects for treating TNBC. Furthermore, MFCEA nanoparticles were able to target malignant tissue and were retained in the tumor for longer than MF nanoparticles. The retention property of MFCEA, together with the absence of toxicity observed in the MTT assay, make these nanoparticles a promising device for management of CEA positive tumors and perhaps for TNBC. Nevertheless, further studies must be carried out to improve their performance and ensure safety for clinical studies.
How fire patterns reveal uneven stabilization at the end of conflict: examining Syria’s unusual fire year in 2019
Authors: Schon Justin , Mezuman Keren , Heslin Alison , Field Robert D , Puma Michael J
Published: February 2021

In 2019, Syria experienced its largest outbreak of fires since 2003, when fire occurrence began to be monitored via the MODIS satellite instruments. Here, we combine remotely sensed data on fire, local climatic conditions, and vegetation with spatial data on violence, territorial control, and return of internally displaced persons (IDPs) to explore the underlying causes of Syria’s fires at the sub-district, or ADM-3, level. We find evidence for a nuanced story: precipitation and stabilization in Kurdish-controlled territory fueled a bountiful wheat-growing year in 2019. This agricultural resurgence coincided with high fire activity, possibly revealing that people were attempting to jump-start agricultural livelihoods that were lost during the civil war. Restoration of labor forces from IDP returns was not a significant factor in this agricultural recovery. Meanwhile, most sub-districts outside Kurdish-controlled territory were free of fires, which explains the absence of a relationship between vegetation and fire. Thus, Syrian fire patterns in 2019 may be a signal of uneven stabilization, rather than destabilization.
Global search for temporal shifts in fire activity: potential human influence on southwest Russia and north Australia fire seasons
Authors: Liu Tianjia , Mickley Loretta J , McCarty Jessica L
Published: February 2021

Decadal trends in fire activity can reveal important human and climate-driven influences across a multitude of landscapes from croplands to savannas. We use 16 years of daily satellite observations from 2003 to 2018 to search globally for stationary temporal shifts in fire activity during the primary burning season. We focus on southwest Russia and north Australia as case study regions; both regions experienced nearly 40 d shifts over a 16 year period but in opposite directions. In southwest Russia, a major wheat-growing region, we trace the delay in post-harvest fires to several potential drivers: modernization in the agricultural system and recent droughts, followed by government restrictions on wheat exports. In north Australia, prescribed burns in the early dry season are a key practice in Aboriginal fire management of savannas, and the increasing trend of such fires has limited the size and extent of fast-spreading late dry season fires, thereby shifting overall fire activity earlier. In both regions, human action, through controlling fire ignition and extent, is an important driver of the temporal shifts in fire activity with climate as both a harbinger and an amplifier of human-induced changes.
Exact multivariate amplitude distributions for non-stationary Gaussian or algebraic fluctuations of covariances or correlations
Authors: Guhr Thomas , Schell Andreas
Published: February 2021

Complex systems are often non-stationary, typical indicators are continuously changing statistical properties of time series. In particular, the correlations between different time series fluctuate. Models that describe the multivariate amplitude distributions of such systems are of considerable interest. Extending previous work, we view a set of measured, non-stationary correlation matrices as an ensemble for which we set up a random matrix model. We use this ensemble to average the stationary multivariate amplitude distributions measured on short time scales and thus obtain for large time scales multivariate amplitude distributions which feature heavy tails. We explicitly work out four cases, combining Gaussian and algebraic distributions. The results are either of closed forms or single integrals. We thus provide, first, explicit multivariate distributions for such non-stationary systems and, second, a tool that quantitatively captures the degree of non-stationarity in the correlations.
A Contrastive Analysis of Carbon Emissions in Different Solutions to Battered Piles
Authors: Fan-ren LYU , Hong-cai SHAO , Wen ZHANG
Published: February 2021

Carbon emission from construction engineering is one of the main sources of environmental pollution. Complicated geological conditions, imperfect construction technology, and inattentive management in construction are the reasons of battered piles. The extant solutions to battered piles focus on bearing capacity, lower cost and convenience in engineering, rather than carbon emissions, as well as the requirements of environmental protection. This paper, through a contrastive analysis of carbon emissions in different solutions, concludes that the approach of prestressed pipe pile with concrete floor can significantly reduce carbon emissions to one third of its counterpart approaches. Carbon emission database for accurate calculation should be built to optimize construction projects. This paper provides a feasible solution to treat battered piles in a environment-friendly way.
Predicting the influence of Guangfo Metro on the economic level of Foshan City Based on the GM(1,1) model
Authors: Wang Beibei , Ge Yingxi
Published: February 2021

Taking Foshan as an example, this paper analyzes the degree of correlation between Guangzhou-Foshan subway construction and the city’s economic level, and establishes a GM (1,1) prediction model by using the gray prediction method to predict the development trend of Foshan’s GDP in the next five years, and concludes that 2024 Foshan’s simulated regional GDP will reach 1507361.527 million yuan. The research results of this article will provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of Foshan’s urban planning and construction policies.
Environmental impact assessment of Materialization Stage of prefabricated buildings based on LCA and WTP
Authors: Xu Mingxiao , Liu Yan
Published: February 2021

In recent years, prefabricated buildings have developed rapidly because of their high efficiency and time saving, but the large consumption of resources has also led to many environmental problems. In order to explore the impact of prefabricated buildings on the environment, the environmental impact assessment of the prefabricated buildings based on Life Cycle Assessment Theory (LCA) and Willingness to Pay Theory (WTP) was carried out. First of all, this article combines field research and literature research, using BIM modeling methods to obtain the engineering quantity of prefabricated and cast-in-place buildings. Secondly, analyzing the whole process of the two construction modes based on the life cycle theory, calculate and obtain the consumption list. Next, the ReCiPe method is used to evaluate the environmental impact of prefabricated buildings, and five types of midpoint environmental impact assessment results are obtained: greenhouse gas emissions, fine particulate matter generation, acid gas emissions, energy and mineral resource consumption, etc. Finally, based on the theory of WTP, all kinds of environmental effects are unified for comparative analysis. The results show that the environmental load of the prefabricated construction method is greater than that of the cast-in-place method. It is necessary to further improve the standardization in the production technology and management methods to obtain more advantageous environmental performance.
Research on the effect of Market Mechanism for Industrial Energy Conservation
Authors: Guo Huiting , Wang Bo , Jin Chenhong
Published: February 2021

Over the years, China’ s energy conservation practices has relied on government intervention, that is, the energy efficiency of enterprises has been improved by means of administrative orders and government regulation, but the endogenous power of energy conservation has not been effectively stimulated. Since the 12th Five-Year Plan period, with the improvement of enterprises’ understanding of energy conservation, the government has gradually faded out from its powerful position during the 11th Five-Year Plan period and more attention has been paid to enterprises’ dominant position in energy conservation. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC put forward that the market shall play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and the energy conservation shall give full play to the role of market mechanisms. Moreover, it also proposed to create a multi-benefit market environment, improve enterprises ’ enthusiasm in energy conservation, actually benefit the enterprises in energy conservation and make the energy conservation a conscious action of enterprises by promoting contract energy management system, carrying out carbon emissions permit trading, implementing power demand side management and using fair and transparent market means.
Suppression of methane/air explosion by ultrafine mono-ammonium phosphate in a 120 L combustion chamber
Authors: Ding Yong , Li Enbo , Hong Tao
Published: February 2021

Experiments on the suppression effect of ultrafine MAP powder in methane/air explosions were conducted in a 120 L combustion chamber with a methane concentration of 10%. The use of ultrafine MAP powder was described with various triggering times and amounts of powder that could influence their effectiveness. The results showed that by increasing the amount of ultrafine MAP powder, the performance varied from promotion to suppression. The suppression action of the powder inhibitor was superior to the disturbance action, as reflected by the curve of explosion pressure and cross-sectional area normalization. By decreasing the triggering time, excellent suppression performance was presented and showed that suppression approached prevention. According to the experimental result, a few powder suppressant and nitrogen could not behave collaborative explosion suppression.
Effects of maize/peanut intercropping system on nodulation of peanut in northwest Liaoning
Authors: Feng Chen , Ma Xiaohui , Feng Liangshan , Zheng Jiaming , Bai Wei , Yang Ning , Xiang Wuyan , Cui Xue , Sun Zhanxiang
Published: February 2021

The maize/peanut intercropping system was considered as a technique, which can both reduce drought risk of sole maize and wind erosion of sole peanut in northwest Liaoning. To clarify the nodulation characteristic of peanut in maize/peanut intercropping system of semi-arid area in northwest Liaoning, a field experiment was conducted at National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, in northwest Liaoning, China. Including three cropping system (M2P4, M4P4 and Sole peanut) and three densities of maize (2, 3, 4 plants m−2 for M2P4, 3, 4.5, 6 plants m−2 for M4P4) based on the configuration. The results showed that Intercropped with maize significantly promote the nodulation of peanut. The nodule number and nodule size of peanut in M4P4 was significantly more than that of intercrops M2P4 and monoculture. Increasing the proportion of maize in row promotes the nodulation of peanut in maize/peanut intercropping system. The middle density of maize (3 plants m−2) is the best density for peanut nodulation in M2P4 intercropping system. 3 plants m-1 density of maize is better for nodulation of peanut in earlier stage of peanut growth in M4P4 system, while the high maize density (6 plants m−2) is more suitable for peanut nodulation in middle and later periods.
Risk Assessment of Debris Flow in Strong Earthquake Area
Authors: Lin Mushui , Sun Yang , Zhou Junping , Deng Junhong , Zhu Jinyang
Published: February 2021

The construction and operation of the Jiuzhaigou County bidding section of the Jiumian Expressway is affected by debris flow disasters. It is important to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the debris flow risk in the engineering area. Therefore, according to the data of topography, meteorology, hydrology and regional geological structure of the project area, 12 influencing factors, such as regional geological disasters, loose material reserves along the gully and maximum punching amount at one time, are selected as the evaluation indexes of debris flow risk assessment. Based on the catastrophe progression method, a mutation model of debris flow risk assessment suitable for the project area was established. The debris flow risk assessment mutation model was used to evaluate the debris flow risk of 8 trenches in the project area, and the applicability of the model is verified by comparing the actual occurrence history of debris flow in the trench with the evaluation results. The analysis results show that the risk of debris flow in four gullies of Gangou and Xiaganzuo in the bid section project area of Jiuzhaigou County of Jiumian Expressway is extremely dangerous, and the debris flow risk of Shangganzuo gully is severe. These five debris flow gullies are the key objects of debris flow prevention and control during the construction and operation of Jiuzhaigou County bidding section of the Jiumian Expressway.
Catastrophic mechanism analysis of deformation and instability of the layered rock slope
Authors: Li Xiaoshuang , Wang Yunming , Liu Zhifang , Zhao Kui
Published: February 2021

This paper is based on engineering background in the phosphate mine called Jianlinshan belonging to the Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group limited company. In terms of the deformation and instability characteristics of stratified steep dip rock slope, the slope instability process and intrinsic controlling factor have been analyzed by using the cusp catastrophe model. The excavation open-pit slope stability has been researched with respect to the stress state of the stratified rock slope. The results show the following conclusions. (1) The increase of strata thickness can improve the flexural rigidity of rock mass, and can effectively control the occurrence of slope collapse and buckling. The risk of destabilization of the slope can be reduced by using rock-soil anchorage technology or grading bedding. (2) When the slope rock thickness is fixed, the critical slope length decreases with the increase of the dip angle, and the higher the thickness, the more obvious the decreasing trend; When the dip angle of strata is certain, the critical slope length of the slope increases with the increase of the stratum thickness, and the increasing amplitude decreases. Meanwhile, when the dip of strata is greater than 40°, critical slope length increasing amplitude caused by the thicker thickness of strata tends to coincide. The relevant research results can provide theoretical and technical guidance and advice for the open pit transportation technology of this mining area or mining area with similar conditions.
Analysis of Internet of Things Computer Network Security and Remote Control Technology
Authors: Wang Mei , Zhang Baohua
Published: February 2021

The Internet of Things system is a product of the combination of information technology in the rapid development of computer technology, and it is an important foundation for the development of the information age. But we cannot ignore computer network security issues in the application of the Internet of Things. In order to effectively control the security issues of the Internet of Things, we have to study and analyze the potential security risks in the current Internet of Things computer network. In addition, we should explore reliable network security control measures and computer remote control technology. Only in this way can the further development of the IoT system be promoted.
Research on DC Corona Test of Typical Electrodes and Corona Limited Electric Field Magnitude for Valve Hall Fittings
Authors: Shiling Zhang , Qiang Yao
Published: February 2021

In order to prevent the surface corona of valve hall fittings and obtain the corona limited electric field magnitude, the research designed dc corona test of spherical electrode and ring electrode with the different radius of curvature. The electrodes were used to imitate valve tower shield plate, grading ring, grading ball and grading shield for bushing. By the reason that the uneven electric field of irregular conductor can’t be calculated theoretically or measured accurately, the three-dimensional finite element model is used for simulating calculation. The variation of typical electrode corona inception electric field is analyzed and threshold value of corona inception electric field of valve hall fittings is acquired. With adequate modification, limited electric field magnitude for the project is proposed. The corona inception electric field magnitude of electrical equipment under the equivalent diameter of 200mm is 2000Vmm−1, and that of electrical equipment with an equivalent diameter of more than 200 mm is 1200 V • mm−1.
Discussion on Substation Noise Control Target and Simulation Analysis
Authors: Yang Bo , Chen Libo , Zou Anxin , Luwen Xu
Published: February 2021

Substation noise engineering control is an important environmental protection content of current power grid companies. How to ensure the effectiveness of noise control and reduce environmental complaints and disputes has become an important subject for engineering and technical personnel. This paper analyzes and discusses the “Environmental Noise Emission Standards for Industrial Plants” (GB 12348-2008), and uses the simulation calculations and analysis cases of typical substation noise control to propose the principles and principles of sensitive targets and station boundaries in substation noise control. The analysis method in substation noise control provides reference and reference for the revision of substation noise engineering control technology and related standards.
Evaluation of innovation driven capability and diagnosis of obstacle factors based on comprehensive index method--a case study of Qingdao Marine Industry
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Leng Hao , Huang Yaru , Yan Wei
Published: February 2021

China is a big ocean country, and marine economy plays an important role in the national economic system. It is urgent to develop marine resources scientifically, protect marine ecological environment, and improve the quality and efficiency of marine economic development. As the main force of marine economic growth has changed from relying on resources to technological innovation, the evaluation of innovation driven capacity has become an indispensable and important link. Taking the marine industry of Qingdao as the research object, this paper uses the comprehensive index method to construct the evaluation index system of innovation driven ability from three aspects: the basic level of scientific and technological innovation, the input and output of scientific and technological innovation of marine industry, and analyzes the driving capacity and obstacle factors of the current marine industry in Qingdao. The results show that the innovation driven development ability of Qingdao is outstanding, and the innovation driven development ability is closely related to innovation investment, scientific research and innovation environment and other factors. According to the research results, the paper puts forward some measures to further enhance the innovation driven ability.
Analysis of power market simulation methods under the background of re-electrification
Authors: Feng Junshu , Jiao Bingqi , Zhao Jiujin
Published: February 2021

The world is experiencing a new round energy transition from fossil energy to clean energy. To many countries, continuously upgrading electrification level and accommodate more wind power and solar power to achieve re-electrification roadmap, will be a trend and the only way of these countries’ energy transition. In this paper, challenges brought by large-scale wind power and solar power to power system operation are analyzed from the aspects of accommodation, fluctuation characteristics, prediction error, power electronics characteristics and pulling down system marginal cost. Also, key issues of power market simulation methods, such as co-considered day-ahead market and real-time market by use of Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) model and Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) model respectively, co-optimized energy and ancillary service market and added rotational inertia verification in SCUC model, are studied.
Study and Application of Heat Self-generated gases Flooding for Enhance Heavy Oil Recovery with Low-frequency High-power Harmonic Wave
Authors: Guowei Qin , Yanzhao Zheng , Rongbo Jin , Jing Wang , Beilei Zhang , Qiao Wang , Mei Wu
Published: February 2021

Heat self-generated gases flooding with low-frequency high-power harmonic wave(LFHPHW) is a new technology combining of LFHPHW enhanced oil recovery, steam flooding, and gas flooding and so on. Its main mechanism is to improve the fluidity and reduce heavy oil viscosity and oil-water interfacial tension with self-generated gases (CO2, NH3, etc.). They can be further reduced by synergism effect with LFHPHW, which can improve the heavy oil fluidity and displacement efficiency to enhance heavy oil recovery. The results of this new technology show that it has many advantages and can enhance heavy oil recovery(EHOR).
Study on the effect of grain refinement of deformable heat treatment on steel properties
Authors: Jin Aining
Published: February 2021

Iron and steel is the foundation and symbol of a country’s industrial strength, which plays an important role in the process of industrial modernization. Because of its high strength and good mechanical properties, it is widely used in all fields of society. Therefore, how to improve steel performance, mass production, reduce steel energy consumption and cost is very important. In this paper, the grain refinement principle of steel deformation-heat treatment and its influence on steel properties are expounded and analyzed. Meanwhile, the experimental data show that grain refinement of deformation-heat treatment has obvious effect and simple method to improve steel properties, which is conducive to the large-scale production of high-performance steel and plays an important role in the industrial development of China.
Research Hotspots and Frontier Analysis of Old Industrial Buildings: A Systematic Review Based on Knowledge Mapping
Authors: Li Huimin , Yu Guangyu , Chen Yabin
Published: February 2021

Affected by adjustment of the industrial structure and environmental pollution control, more and more industrial buildings are idle or even abandoned because they no longer meet the needs of social development. Numerous scholars carry out much valuable research on the reuse of old industrial buildings. We want to know the hotspot and evolution path of old industrial building reuse. Therefore, based on the relevant literature retrieved by WOS, this research uses Citespace 5.6. R3 to obtain a scientific knowledge map about the old industrial building regeneration field. Based on this, the research hotspots of the reuse of old industrial buildings from 2000 to 2019 are analyzed to obtain the current status and characteristics of the research and predict the development trend.
Calculation and seasonal difference analysis of energy consumption and carbon emission of industrial buildings
Authors: Chen Weijao , Hou Lei , Shang Yanwen , Qiao Chunzhen
Published: February 2021

This article focuses on the production stage of industrialized building components. Through the analysis of the measured data, it is concluded that the unilateral carbon emissions generated by the consumption of natural gas in the steam curing stage of the northern factory account for more than 80% of the production process. The difference in natural gas consumption is the energy consumption and carbon emissions in the component production stage. The energy consumption and carbon emissions of the Nanfang (Longxin) plant in summer are higher than the transition season and winter; the power consumption and carbon emissions of auxiliary equipment in summer are close to 20% of the total carbon emissions during the production process, which is the season for energy consumption and carbon emissions in the component production stage The main reason for sexual differences.
Numerical simulation study of overlapping tunnels in soft soil
Authors: Liu Yang , Fu Xin , Yang Minghu , Tang Zhendong , Chen Lu , Liu Yuancai
Published: February 2021

In the process of urban subway shield construction, how to ensure the safety of the newly built tunnel and surrounding buildings is the key issue in the construction. Aiming at the overlapping shield tunneling in soft soil layer, this paper takes overlapped shield tunneling using the overlapping shield tunneling method in a subway section of Kunming Line 6 as the research object, and uses the finite element software ABAQUS to simulate the overlapping shield tunneling. The results are compared with the monitoring data of site construction. The results show that the construction sequence of constructing the lower tunnel first and then the upper tunnel and the condition of grouting and strengthening the soil around the overlapping tunnels can control the settlement of the ground to a large extent.
Review on self-compacting concrete creep
Authors: Hui Wang , Yue Wang
Published: February 2021

Creep is a phenomenon that the deformation of concrete structure increases with time under continuous load. This paper reviews the research results of concrete creep performance at home and abroad, introduces the self-compacting concrete creep, and the future work is proposed.
Study on construction risk and control technology of subway tunnel in soft soil stratum
Authors: Kong Heng , Guo Fei , Zhang Mi , Gao Shenglei , Wang Kaili
Published: February 2021

Taking the shield crossing Huangma road of Beijing new airport line as the engineering background, main construction risks of large section shield crossing Huangma road in soft soil layer were analyzed. Taking the support pressure of excavation face as the research object, the influence of shield excavation on the surrounding soil and surface deformation of the working face were studied, and the corresponding reinforcement measures were proposed. According to the field monitoring data after reinforcement, the settlement trough of 8.8m shield was predicted based on peck formula. The results show that the width coefficient of settlement slot of 8.8 m shield machine varies from 0.41 to 0.46, with an average value of 0.42.
Finite element Analysis on Shear Performance of Bolt connectors of Assembled Composite beams
Authors: Jing Xiuying , Zhou Dongchuan , Lu Senqiang
Published: February 2021

In order to realize the rapid assembly of steel-concrete composite beams, high-strength bolts are used as shear connectors instead of studs. In order to study the shear performance of highstrength bolt connector, the finite element model of push out specimen was established by ABAQUS. The validity of the model was verified and the conclusion that the shear bearing capacity of highstrength bolt connector would be reduced by enlarging the bolt diameter. On this basis, the influence of concrete strength, bolt tensile strength, bolt diameter and pretension on shear bearing capacity of high strength bolt connections were analyzed. The results showed that the shear capacity of high-strength bolt connectors mainly depended on concrete strength, bolt tensile strength and bolt diameter, and is less affected by pretension. The research results have reference value for the application of high strength bolt connectors in prefabricated composite beams.
Research on impact performance of prestressed steel strand
Authors: Ma Su , Li Hongming , Tang Baijian
Published: February 2021

As a common prestressed member, the steel strand has a wide range of applications. Its bearing capacity affects the safety of the whole structure. Once it is damaged, the whole structure will be damaged or even collapsed. As a single tension bearing member, the transverse behavior of steel strand is often ignored. However, in recent years, the impact fracture accidents of steel strand occur frequently, and the research on transverse impact resistance of steel strand is very important. At present, there is no reliable evaluation standard for the mechanical properties of steel strand subjected to impact. The strand is made of several independent wires. Under the action of external load, the stress of each strand is different, and the stress distribution inside the strand is more complex. Under the action of transverse impact, the fracture position and quantity of strands are different, and the failure modes caused by different impact conditions are also different. In order to understand the mechanical performance of steel strand under transverse impact and provide evaluation basis to improve the structural safety, this paper carried out relevant research through test and finite element simulation method.
Research on Drivers’ Behavior Characteristics of Expressway Straight Section under Moderate Rainfall
Authors: Sun Yufei , Xu Jinliang
Published: February 2021

Understanding the behavior characteristics of highway drivers in rainy weather is of great significance to traffic safety. Based on the driving test in the middle rain environment, this paper uses the method of combining the sports index and the driver’s behavior to study the characteristics of the driver’s behavior in the middle rain environment. A total of 15 drivers were recruited in this test to observe the impact of the moderate rain environment on the drivers, and to analyze the correlation of various indicators to summarize the vehicle operation rules on the straight road section under the moderate rain environment. The results of the study show that the speed on straight road sections is generally higher in moderate rain weather, and the driver’s recognition time for signage is longer than in sunny day. Finally, according to the behavior characteristics of drivers in rainy days, the corresponding traffic safety measures are put forward.
The Speed Limit Determination of Tunnel Entrance And Exit Section On Rainy Days
Authors: Ma Huan , Xu Jinliang
Published: February 2021

In order to reduce the number of traffic accidents caused by rainy days on the entrance and exit sections of tunnels, a reasonable speed limit value on the entrance and exit sections of tunnels is proposed to improve the safety of vehicles on these sections. This paper takes passenger cars as the research object, and by exploring the changes of road friction coefficient and visibility in rainy weather, the driving environment parameters under different rainfall intensity are clarified. Taking the visible distance of the driver and the critical state of vehicle sideslip as safety indexes, the speed limit value of the section outside the tunnel in rainy days is obtained, and the allowable speed of the section inside the tunnel is determined by taking the continuity of the running speed as the standard. The study shows that the speed limit value of the tunnel entrance and exit section in rainy days takes visibility as the main limit index and decreases with the increase of rainfall intensity. When the rainfall intensity is greater than 1.5mm/min, the speed limit of the tunnel section is needed.
The Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Existing Safety Facilities in Highway Tunnels
Authors: Shuohan  , Xu Jinliang , Yan Menghua , Gao Sunjian , Wen Hui
Published: February 2021

Known as “the throat of road”, the tunnels endow with semi-enclosed structure, which is a big challenge for the road safety. A large number of safety facilities have been installed in tunnels to raise the driving safety. However, the real effects of these facilities tend to be lack of scientific researches and assessments. Therefore, this paper focuses on the evaluation of the effectiveness of several common safety facilities, including variable message boards, flashing lights, over-speed snapshots, and speed-control humps, aiming to provide some technical references for the design of tunnel safety facilities. In this study, the numerous field experiments have been conducted to collect vehicle speed data at four forward and backward sections of safety facilities, Selecting the difference in the speed before and after the safety facilities as a major evaluation index. On the basis of improved entropy method TOPSIS, the comprehensive evaluation model is built to evaluate the efficiency of safety facilities in tunnels, and the function characteristics and actual effects of various safety facilities are given.
Study on the interaction between Port Freight Transport and Railway in the Upper reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Chen Shi , Zhou Huiyu
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the Yangtze River Economic Belt has gradually built an integrated transportation system. Under this context, the dynamic cooperative development of waterway and railway is measured by the natural experiment of newly built freight railway in port cities along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. A difference-in-difference model is adopted to estimate the impact of this railway on water transport in the surrounding area. It is found that instead of substitute the water transport, the railway actually promotes the growth of waterway freight volume, therefore, the complementation effect is more obvious. The results expand the empirical understanding of the interactive relationship between waterway and railway transportation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and provide important policy implications.