bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntheses, Characterization, and Electrochemical Lithium‐Ion Storage Properties of Two Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymers Containing 5‐Hydroxyisophthalic Acid and Bis‐benzoimidazole Ligands
Authors: Wen Yong‐Hong , Xu Guo‐Feng , Yao Kuo , Dou Run‐Tao , Guo Jin‐Xue
Published: June 2014

Two cobalt(II) coordination polymers, namely {[Co(HO‐BDC)(bbe)]·(H2O)}n (1), and {[Co(O‐BDC)(bbp)]·(H2O)}n (2) (HO‐H2BDC = 5‐hydroxyisophthalic acid, bbe = 1, 2‐bis(benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)ethane, and bbp = 1, 3‐bis(benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)propane) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. Compound 1 is a 1D chain, whereas 2 is a (3, 3)‐connected 2D network with (63) topology. These two 1D and 2D complexes are further connected by hydrogen bonds to form the 3D supramolecular architectures. The electrochemical lithium‐ion storage properties of the as‐made Co3O4 by calcination of 1 are investigated in detail.
Roles of fragmented and logged forests for bird communities in industrial Acacia mangium plantations in Indonesia
Authors: Fujita Motoko S. , Prawiradilaga Dewi M. , Yoshimura Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2014

Industrial timber plantations severely impact biodiversity in Southeast Asia. Forest fragments survive within plantations, but their conservation value in highly deforested landscapes in Southeast Asia is poorly understood. In this study, we compared bird assemblages in acacia plantations and fragmented forests in South Sumatra to evaluate each habitat's potential conservation value. To clarify the impact of habitat change, we also analyzed the response of feeding guild composition. Five habitat types were studied: large logged forest (LLF), burnt logged forest (BLF), remnant logged forest (RLF), 4‐year‐old acacia plantation (AP4), and 1‐year‐old acacia plantation (AP1). Estimated species richness (Chao 2) was highest in LLF then AP4 and BLF, while AP1 and RLF had lower estimated species richness. Community composition was roughly divided into two groups by non‐metric multidimensional scaling ordination: acacia plantation and logged forest. Sallying substrate‐gleaning insectivores, such as drongos, broadbills, and some flycatchers, were restricted to LLF, whereas acacia plantation hosted many terrestrial frugivores, such as doves. Although fragmented forests in our study site lacked several common tropical forest species, these fragments provide an important habitat for some sallying and terrestrial insectivores. A network of small riparian remnant forests could be a complementary habitat for some species, while the conservation value of burnt forest might be low. In conclusion, the highly fragmented forests in plantations are suboptimal habitats for birds but are still very important, because large primary forest blocks have been nearly lost in the surrounding landscape.
Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for Basic Wound Management in the Austere Environment
Authors: Quinn Robert H. , Wedmore Ian , Johnson Eric , Islas Arthur , Anglim Anne , Zafren Ken , Bitter Cindy , Mazzorana Vicki
Published: June 2014

In an effort to produce best-practice guidelines for wound management in the austere environment, the Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel charged with the development of evidence-based guidelines for the management of wounds sustained in an austere (dangerous or compromised) environment. Recommendations are made about several parameters related to wound management. These recommendations are graded based on the quality of supporting evidence and the balance between the benefits and risks or burdens for each parameter according to the methodology stipulated by the American College of Chest Physicians.
Meaningless words promote meaningful categorization
Authors: LUPYAN GARY , CASASANTO DANIEL
Published: June 2014

abstract

On traditional accounts, word meanings are entries in a mental lexicon. Nonsense words lack such entries, and are therefore meaningless. Here, we show thatunder some circumstancesnonsense words function indistinguishably from conventional words. The ‘nonsense’ wordsfooveandcrelchled participants to select systematically different clusters of adjectives and were reliably matched to different species of alien creatures (e.g., ‘crelches’ were pointy and narrow and ‘fooves’ were large and fat). In a categorization task in which participants learned to group two species of aliens primarily on the basis of roundness/pointiness, these novel labels facilitated performance as much as conventional words (e.g.,round,pointy). The results expand the scope of research on sound symbolism and support a non-traditional view of word meaning according to which words do not have meanings by virtue of a conventionalized form−meaning pairing. Rather, the ‘meaning’ of a word is the effect that the word form has on the user’s mental activity.
A GROUP SUM INEQUALITY AND ITS APPLICATION TO POWER GRAPHS
Authors: CURTIN BRIAN , POURGHOLI G. R.
Published: June 2014

Let $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}G$ be a finite group of order $n$, and let $\text {C}_n$ be the cyclic group of order $n$. For $g\in G$, let ${\mathrm{o}}(g)$ denote the order of $g$. Let $\phi $ denote the Euler totient function. We show that $\sum _{g \in \text {C}_n} \phi ({\mathrm{o}}(g))\geq \sum _{g \in G} \phi ({\mathrm{o}}(g))$, with equality if and only if $G$ is isomorphic to $\text {C}_n$. As an application, we show that among all finite groups of a given order, the cyclic group of that order has the maximum number of bidirectional edges in its directed power graph.
Thermal developmental plasticity affects body size and water conservation ofDrosophila nepalensisfrom the Western Himalayas
Authors: Parkash R. , Lambhod C. , Singh D.
Published: June 2014

In the Western Himalayas,Drosophila nepalensisis more abundant during the colder and drier winter than the warmer rainy season but the mechanistic bases of such adaptations are largely unknown. We tested effects of developmental plasticity on desiccation-related traits (body size, body melanization and water balance traits) that may be consistent with changes in seasonal abundance of this species.D. nepalensisgrown at 15°C has shown twofold higher body size, greater melanization (∼15-fold), higher desiccation resistance (∼55 h), hemolymph as well as carbohydrate content (twofold higher) as compared with corresponding values at 25°C. Water loss before succumbing to death was much higher (∼16%) at 15°C than 25°C. Developmental plastic effects on body size are associated with changes in water balance-related traits (bulk water, hemolymph and dehydration tolerance). The role of body melanization was evident from the analysis of assorted darker and lighter flies (from a mass culture ofD. nepalensisreared at 21°C) which lacked differences in dry mass but showed differences in desiccation survival hours and rate of water loss. For adult acclimation, we found a slight increase in desiccation resistance of flies reared at lower growth temperature, whereas in flies reared at 25°C such a response was lacking. InD. nepalensis, greater developmental plasticity is consistent with its contrasting levels of seasonal abundance. Finally, in the context of global climate change in the Western Himalayas,D. nepalensisseems vulnerable in the warmer season due to lower adult as well as developmental acclimation potential at higher growth temperature (25°C).
A rapid method of species identification of wild chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) via electrophoresis of hemoglobin proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS–PAGE)
Authors: Oh J.T. , Epler J.H. , Bentivegna C.S.
Published: June 2014

Studying aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates (BMIs) in the field requires accurate taxonomic identification, which can be difficult and time consuming. Conventionally, head capsule morphology has been used to identify wild larvae of Chironomidae. However, due to the number of species and possible damage and/or deformity of their head capsules, another supporting approach for identification is needed. Here, we provide hemoglobin (Hb) protein in hemolymph of chironomids as a new biomarker that may help resolve some of the ambiguities and difficulties encountered during taxonomic identification. Chironomids collected from two locations in Maine and New Jersey, USA were identified to the genus level and in some cases to the species-level using head capsule and body morphologies. The head capsule for a particular individual was then associated with a corresponding Hb protein profile generated from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). Distinct Hb profiles were observed from one group (Thienemannimyia) and four genera (Chironomus, Cricotopus, Dicrotendipes, andGlyptotendipes) of chironomids. Several species were polymorphic, having more than one Hb profile and/or having bands of the same size as those of other species. However, major bands and the combination of bands could distinguish individuals at the genus and sometimes species-level. Overall, this study showed that Hb profiles can be used in combination with head capsule morphology to identify wild chironomids.
Play on the Proper Names of Individuals in the Catullan Corpus: Wordplay, the Iambic Tradition, and the Late Republican Culture of Public Abuse
Authors: Ingleheart Jennifer
Published: June 2014

The paper explores the significance of names and naming in Catullus. Catullus’ use of proper names, and in particular his play on the connotations of the names of individuals who are attacked within his poems, has not been fully explored to date, and the paper identifies several examples of such play which have not previously been recognized. The paper examines Catullan wordplay in the context of both the iambic tradition and the public abuse culture of the late Roman Republic.
Policy learning and science policy innovation adoption by street-level bureaucrats
Authors: Arnold Gwen
Published: June 2014

This article investigates the conditions under which government officials who implement policy integrate the best available science into regulatory practice. It examines the adoption of rapid wetland assessment tools, a type of science policy innovation, by street-level bureaucrats in six US Mid-Atlantic states. These bureaucrats operate in relatively opaque and discretion-laden institutional settings. The analysis of an original survey of state wetland officials shows that these officials are more likely to adopt tools when they have more opportunities to learn tool-related information and practice norms. Bureaucrats’ adoption of this class of science policy innovations appears facilitated by peer communication via network ties, on-the-job experience and incentives and disincentives associated with bureaucrats’ organisational contexts and operating environments.
Determining the maximal singularity-free circle or sphere of parallel mechanisms using interval analysis
Authors: Kaloorazi Mohammad Hadi Farzaneh , Masouleh Mehdi Tale , Caro Stéphane
Published: June 2014

This paper proposes a systematic algorithm based on the concept of interval analysis to obtain the maximal singularity-free circle or sphere within the workspace of parallel mechanisms. As case studies the 3-RPR planar and 6-UPS parallel mechanisms are considered to illustrate the relevance of the algorithm for 2D and 3D workspaces. To this end, the main algorithm is divided into four sub-algorithms, which eases the understanding of the main approach and leads to a more effective and robust algorithm to solve the problem. The first step is introduced to obtain the constant-orientation workspace and then the singularity locus. The main purpose is to obtain the maximal singularity-free workspace for an initial guess. Eventually, the general maximal singularity-free workspace is obtained. The main contribution of the paper is the proposition of a systematic algorithm to obtain the maximal singularity-free circle/sphere in the workspace of parallel mechanisms. The combination of a maximal singularity-free circle or sphere with the workspace analysis by taking into account the stroke of actuators, as additional constraint to the latter problem, is considered. Moreover, the center point of the circle/sphere is not restrained to a prescribed point.
China's Vision for Developing Sichuan's Post-Earthquake Countryside: Turning Unruly Peasants into Grateful Urban Citizens
Authors: Sorace Christian
Published: June 2014

In the aftermath of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, government officials, scholars and outside observers eagerly hoped that the emergency relief and reconstruction process would bring about the emergence of civil society and increase grassroots democratic participation. Contrary to this optimistic assessment, this article contends that the local state used the opportunity of the disaster as an experimental laboratory to implement an array of already existing national development plans. The urgency with which the reconstruction was to be completed and the opportunities to meet national development targets as well as access reconstruction funds were too tempting to resist. However, the ham-fisted Leninist implementation style met with local resistance and has contributed to a significant deterioration in local state–society relations. The fact that many local residents continue to question why, despite the huge resources invested by the state in the reconstruction project, they have yet to see any improvement in their economic and overall living conditions points to a deficit of local participation and a breakdown in political communication and trust. By focusing on the different political economies of disaster reconstruction, this article attempts to illuminate the regime's vision for developing the countryside, rural politics, and state–society relations in China more broadly. Unless the state is able to incorporate local needs into its development plans, it will not win the trust and support of local residents, regardless of the amount of money it invests or the benevolence of its intentions.
Understanding heterogeneity among elderly consumers: an evaluation of segmentation approaches in the functional food market
Authors: van der Zanden Lotte D. T. , van Kleef Ellen , de Wijk René A. , van Trijp Hans C. M.
Published: June 2014

It is beneficial for both the public health community and the food industry to meet nutritional needs of elderly consumers through product formats that they want. The heterogeneity of the elderly market poses a challenge, however, and calls for market segmentation. Although many researchers have proposed ways to segment the elderly consumer population, the elderly food market has received surprisingly little attention in this respect. Therefore, the present paper reviewed eight potential segmentation bases on their appropriateness in the context of functional foods aimed at the elderly: cognitive age, life course, time perspective, demographics, general food beliefs, food choice motives, product attributes and benefits sought, and past purchase. Each of the segmentation bases had strengths as well as weaknesses regarding seven evaluation criteria. Given that both product design and communication are useful tools to increase the appeal of functional foods, we argue that elderly consumers in this market may best be segmented using a preference-based segmentation base that is predictive of behaviour (for example, attributes and benefits sought), combined with a characteristics-based segmentation base that describes consumer characteristics (for example, demographics). In the end, the effectiveness of (combinations of) segmentation bases for elderly consumers in the functional food market remains an empirical matter. We hope that the present review stimulates further empirical research that substantiates the ideas presented in this paper.
STUDIES IN THE FLORA OF ARABIA: XXXI. NEW RECORDS FROM THE SULTANATE OF OMAN
Authors: Patzelt A. , Harrison T. , Knees S. G. , Al Harthy L.
Published: June 2014

Sixty new or updated records of plant species are reported from the Sultanate of Oman, as a result of field work and herbarium research. Four taxa represent new records for Arabia, 26 are new records for Oman, and 30 represent an extended distribution within Oman. Some previously doubtful records are confirmed. Brief comments are given on the phytogeography and ecology of the taxa. Most new records have been made in mountainous areas, either in southern or northern Oman, mostly in areas that previously were botanically very poorly known or unexplored.
VACCINIUM UTTERIDGEI (ERICACEAE), A NEW SPECIES (SECT. BRACTEATA) FROM INDONESIAN NEW GUINEA
Authors: Argent G.
Published: June 2014

A new species of Vaccinium section Bracteata (Ericaceae), Vaccinium utteridgei Argent, presently only known from the type locality in Papua (West New Guinea), Indonesia, is described. Its distinctive characters are discussed and comments made on the differences between this and related species.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF BEGONIA (BEGONIACEAE) FROM SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Authors: Ardi W. H. , Ardaka I Made , Hartutiningsih M. Siregar , Lugrayasa I Nyoman , Thomas D. C.
Published: June 2014

Two new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae), Begonia gambutensis Ardi & D.C.Thomas and Begonia siregarii Ardi & D.C.Thomas, are described from material collected on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Both species belong to Begonia section Petermannia. A key to the species in the provinces North Sulawesi and Gorontalo is provided.
RECENT DATA FROM THE FLORA OF THE ISLAND OF LIMNOS (NE AEGEAN, GREECE): NEW ALIEN INVASIVE SPECIES AFFECTING THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF THE ISLAND
Authors: Baliousis E.
Published: June 2014

Recent floristic study of the island of Limnos (NE Aegean, Greece) has resulted in the addition of 69 new plant taxa. As a result the flora of the island now comprises 750 taxa. New alien species such as Erigeron sumatrensis, Erigeron canadensis, Symphyotrichum squamatum, Amaranthus retroflexus and Amaranthus blitoides nowadays colonise thousands of hectares of fertile ground and present the highest rates of invasion. Ecological factors such as soil texture, high winds and human intervention, in combination with their seed dispersal mode and genetic background, may explain their successful establishment and impressive abundance especially in the eastern part of the island. Among the new records of indigenous plants are some interesting taxa from a phytogeographical point of view, such as Bupleurum euboeum and the Greek endemic Polygonum icaricum.
On the Spread of Random Graphs
Authors: ADDARIO-BERRY LOUIGI , JANSON SVANTE , McDIARMID COLIN
Published: June 2014

The spread of a connected graph G was introduced by Alon, Boppana and Spencer [1], and measures how tightly connected the graph is. It is defined as the maximum over all Lipschitz functions f on V(G) of the variance of f(X) when X is uniformly distributed on V(G). We investigate the spread for certain models of sparse random graph, in particular for random regular graphs G(n,d), for Erdős–Rényi random graphs Gn,p in the supercritical range p>1/n, and for a ‘small world’ model. For supercritical Gn,p, we show that if p=c/n with c>1 fixed, then with high probability the spread of the giant component is bounded, and we prove corresponding statements for other models of random graphs, including a model with random edge lengths. We also give lower bounds on the spread for the barely supercritical case when p=(1+o(1))/n. Further, we show that for d large, with high probability the spread of G(n,d) becomes arbitrarily close to that of the complete graph $\mathsf{K}_n$.
Intersection Conductance and Canonical Alternating Paths: Methods for General Finite Markov Chains
Authors: MONTENEGRO RAVI
Published: June 2014

We extend the conductance and canonical paths methods to the setting of general finite Markov chains, including non-reversible non-lazy walks. The new path method is used to show that a known bound for the mixing time of a lazy walk on a Cayley graph with a symmetric generating set also applies to the non-lazy non-symmetric case, often even when there is no holding probability.
A NOTE ON LEVERAGE AND THE MACROECONOMY
Authors: Istiak Khandokar , Serletis Apostolos
Published: June 2014

In this paper we investigate the relationship between leverage and the level of economic activity in the United States, using quarterly data over the period 1951–2012. We address the question for five different measures of leverage—household leverage, nonfinancial firm leverage, commercial bank leverage, broker–dealer leverage, and shadow bank leverage—making a distinction between traditional banks and shadow banks, the latter being a consequence of financial innovation and deregulation in the financial services industry over the past 30 years. We investigate whether the relationship between leverage and the level of economic activity is nonlinear and asymmetric using slope-based tests as well as tests of the null hypothesis of symmetric impulse responses. Our results inform policymakers about the important distinction between traditional banks and the market-based financial intermediaries that have been at the center of the global financial crisis of 2007–2009. They also inform about the macroeconomic effects of the deleveraging process that began in 2008, as well as about the need for countercyclical macroprudential policies to reduce the procyclicality of the financial system.
Brooklyn's agrarian questions
Authors: Weissman Evan
Published: June 2014

Throughout the USA, urban agriculture is expanding as a manifestation of an emerging American food politics. Through a case study of Brooklyn, New York, I used mixed qualitative research methods to investigate the political possibilities of urban agriculture for fostering food justice. My findings build on the existing alternative food network (AFN) literature by indicating that problematic contradictions rooted in the neoliberalization of urban agriculture limit the transformative possibilities of farming the city as currently practiced in Brooklyn. I suggest that longstanding agrarian questions—concerns over the relationship between agriculture and capitalism and the politics of small-scale producers—are informative for critical interrogation of urban agriculture as a politicization of food.
Discrimination of fish egg quality and viability by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ishigaki Mika , Taketani Akinori , Sato Hidetoshi
Published: June 2014

Egg or embryo quality is typically assessed by viewing the egg morphology and by observing the cleavage rate of the embryo.
Poly β-cyclodextrin inclusion-induced formation of two-photon fluorescent nanomicelles for biomedical imaging
Authors: Yan Huijuan , He Leiliang , Ma Cheng , Li Jishan , Yang Jinfeng , Yang Ronghua , Tan Weihong
Published: June 2014

A novel two-photon absorption (TPA) nanomicelle through the “host–guest” chemistry has been developed and successfully applied in tumor tissue imaging in this work.
Self-assembled organic monolayers on epitaxial graphene with enhanced structural and thermal stability
Authors: Karmel Hunter J. , Garramone John J. , Emery Jonathan D. , Kewalramani Sumit , Bedzyk Michael J. , Hersam Mark C.
Published: June 2014

Perylenetetracarboxylic diimide forms well-ordered self-assembled monolayers on epitaxial graphene with enhanced structural and thermal stability compared to previous perylene-based compounds.
A covalent polyoxomolybdate-based hybrid with remarkable electron reservoir properties
Authors: Rinfray Corentin , Renaudineau Séverine , Izzet Guillaume , Proust Anna
Published: June 2014

The molybdenum core confers enhanced redox properties to a hybrid POM platform, which are further improved in the presence of acid.
Cu nanoclusters supported on nanocrystalline SiO2–MnO2: a bifunctional catalyst for the one-step conversion of glycerol to acrylic acid
Authors: Sarkar Bipul , Pendem Chandrashekar , Sivakumar Konathala L. N. , Tiwari Ritesh , Sasaki Takehiko , Bal Rajaram
Published: June 2014

A material of highly dispersed Cu nanoclusters anchored on nanocrystalline SiO2–MnO2 has been prepared, and was found to act as a bifunctional catalyst for the one-step conversion of glycerol to acrylic acid using H2O2.
Rich diversity of single-ion magnet features in the linear OCuIIIO− ion confined in the hexagonal channels of alkaline-earth phosphate apatites
Authors: Kazin Pavel E. , Zykin Mikhail A. , Schnelle Walter , Felser Claudia , Jansen Martin
Published: June 2014

Dioxocuprate(iii) anions exhibit regular variation in zero-field splitting and slow magnetization relaxation parameters, and reveal a field-switched relaxation (FSR) phenomenon.
Drug–drug salt forms of ciprofloxacin with diflunisal and indoprofen
Authors: Bag Partha Pratim , Ghosh Soumyajit , Khan Hamza , Devarapalli Ramesh , Malla Reddy C.
Published: June 2014

Two drug–drug salt forms of ciprofloxacin (CIP) with diflunisal (CIP/DIF) and indoprofen (CIP/INDP/H2O) were synthesized and characterized by PXRD, FTIR, DSC and TGA. Crystal structure determination revealed the transferability of the robust synthon 1 in the two novel salt forms.
Excited-state properties of fluorenones: influence of substituents, solvent and macrocyclic encapsulation
Authors: Ghosh Indrajit , Mukhopadhyay Arindam , Koner Apurba Lal , Samanta Subhas , Nau Werner M. , Moorthy Jarugu Narasimha
Published: June 2014

Fluorescence and radiationless deactivation of methoxy-substituted fluorenones are strongly guided by location(s) of the substituent(s) in the fluorenone core.
Silica-surface reorganization during organotin grafting evidenced by 119Sn DNP SENS: a tandem reaction of gem-silanols and strained siloxane bridges
Authors: Conley Matthew P. , Rossini Aaron J. , Comas-Vives Aleix , Valla Maxence , Casano Gilles , Ouari Olivier , Tordo Paul , Lesage Anne , Emsley Lyndon , Copéret Christophe
Published: June 2014

Bu3Sn(allyl) reacts with Q2-geminal disilanols and strained siloxane bridges of partially dehydroxylated silica to yield bipodal species through surface rearrangement.
Trianionic pincer and pincer-type metal complexes and catalysts
Authors: O'Reilly Matthew E. , Veige Adam S.
Published: June 2014

This review provides a comprehensive examination of the synthesis, characterization, properties, and catalytic applications of trianionic pincer metal complexes.
Gated molecular baskets
Authors: Hermann Keith , Ruan Yian , Hardin Alex M. , Hadad Christopher M. , Badjić Jovica D.
Published: June 2014

The process of molecular gating is important for controlling the trafficking of guests to and from artificial molecular capsules.
Cisplatin-induced duplex dissociation of complementary and destabilized short GG-containing duplex RNAs
Authors: Polonyi Christopher , Alshiekh Alak , Sarsam Lamya A. , Clausén Maria , Elmroth Sofi K. C.
Published: June 2014

The reactivity of a series of small size RNAs towards mono-aquated cisplatin was monitored using UV/vis spectroscopy. Subtle changes of local melting behavior were found to influence metal binding kinetics, with an increase in reactivity following central destabilization.
Trinuclear alkyl hydrido rare-earth complexes supported by amidopyridinato ligands: synthesis, structures, C–Si bond activation and catalytic activity in ethylene polymerization
Authors: Lyubov Dmitry M. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Ketkov Sergey Yu. , Shavyrin Andrey S. , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: June 2014

[(Ap9MeLu)3(μ2-H)3(μ3-H)2(CH2SiMe3)(thf)2] was synthesized. For Y and Yb C–Si bond activation occurs affording [(Ap9MeLu)3(μ2-H)3(μ3-H)2(CH2SiMe3)(thf)2] and [(Ap9MeLn)3(μ2-H)3(μ3-H)2(CH2SiH2Ph)(thf)2].
Synthesis and stability of Li/Cl carbenoids based on bis(iminophosphoryl)methanes
Authors: Feichtner Kai-Stephan , Gessner Viktoria H.
Published: June 2014

Bis(iminophosphoryl) substituted Li/Cl carbenoids – accessable via different preparation methods – show high thermal stabilities, which however depend on the N-substituent.
Benefits of very thin PCBM and LiF layers for solution-processed p–i–n perovskite solar cells
Authors: Seo Jangwon , Park Sangman , Chan Kim Young , Jeon Nam Joong , Noh Jun Hong , Yoon Sung Cheol , Seok Sang Il
Published: June 2014

Optimal thickness of a PCBM layer and insertion of the LiF interlayer on a well-controlled flat surface of the perovskite film are essential for fabricating planar perovskite–PCBM solar cells.
Direct self-condensation of bio-alcohols in the aqueous phase
Authors: Xu Guoqiang , Lammens Tijs , Liu Qiang , Wang Xicheng , Dong Linlin , Caiazzo Aldo , Ashraf Nadim , Guan Jing , Mu Xindong
Published: June 2014

Recyclable iridium catalysts have been developed rationally for the direct self-condensation of ethanol and butanol in water and air.
Shape-defined nanodimers by tailored heterometallic epitaxy
Authors: García-Negrete Carlos A. , Rojas Teresa C. , Knappett Benjamin R. , Jefferson David A. , Wheatley Andrew E. H. , Fernández Asunción
Published: June 2014

We report the rational syntheses of structurally diverse heterometallic (Au–Pt) nanoparticles that demonstrate epitaxial relationships such as {111} + {111}, {200} + {200} and {220} + {220}.
Origin of luminescence from ZnO/CdS core/shell nanowire arrays
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Jian , Sham Tsun-Kong , Yang Shaoguang
Published: June 2014

Chemical imaging, electronic structure and optical properties of ZnO/CdS nano-composites have been investigated using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) spectroscopy.
Tuneable paramagnetic susceptibility and exciton g-factor in Mn-doped PbS colloidal nanocrystals
Authors: Turyanska L. , Hill R. J. A. , Makarovsky O. , Moro F. , Knott A. N. , Larkin O. J. , Patanè A. , Meaney A. , Christianen P. C. M. , Fay M. W. , Curry R. J.
Published: June 2014

We report on PbS colloidal nanocrystals that combine within one structure solubility in physiological solvents with near-infrared photoluminescence, and magnetic (magnetic susceptibility) and optical (exciton g-factor) properties tuneable by the controlled incorporation of magnetic impurities (Mn).
The structure of 3-(diethylborylethynyl)pyridine: a nonplanarly arranged cyclic trimer
Authors: Wakabayashi Shigeharu , Kuse Mitsumi , Kida Aimi , Komeda Seiji , Tatsumi Kazuyuki , Sugihara Yoshikazu
Published: June 2014

The cyclic trimer of 3-(diethylborylethynyl)pyridine is conformationally flexible enough to be affected by the crystal packing.
Amorphous and crystalline blends from polytyrosine and pyridine-functionalized anthracene: hydrogen-bond interactions, conformations, intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Shih Ke-Ying , Lin Yung-Chih , Hsiao Tai-Shen , Deng Shiang-Lin , Kuo Shiao-Wei , Hong Jin-Long
Published: June 2014

A new pyridine-terminated fluorophore of (E)-4-(2-(anthracen-9-yl)vinyl)pyridine (AnPy) with intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation-induced emission properties was synthesized and was blended with polytyrosine (PTyr) through hydrogen-bond interactions.
Fabrication of multifunctional ferromagnetic Au3Pd–CoSe nanoparticles
Authors: Liyanage Wipula P. R. , Mishra Sukhada , Song Kai , Nath Manashi
Published: June 2014

Multifunctional Au3Pd–CoSe nanoparticles synthesized through catalyst-aided chemical vapour deposition exhibits weak ferromagnetism and optical activity making them ideal for magneto-optics.
Capillary instability of axisymmetric, active liquid crystal jets
Authors: Yang Xiaogang , Wang Qi
Published: June 2014

We study the linear stability of an infinitely long, axisymmetric, cylindrical active liquid crystal (ALC) jet in a passive isotropic fluid matrix using a polar active liquid crystal (ALC) model.
Structure–delivery relationships of lysine-based gemini surfactants and their lipoplexes
Authors: Damen Mark , Cristóbal-Lecina Edgar , Sanmartí Glòria Colom , van Dongen Stijn F. M. , García Rodríguez Cristina L. , Dolbnya Igor P. , Nolte Roeland J. M. , Feiters Martin C.
Published: June 2014

Lysine-based gemini surfactants with mono-unsaturated tails transfect without helper lipid because of the ability of the lipoplex to change morphology with pH.
Insights into the denaturation of bovine serum albumin with a thermo-responsive ionic liquid
Authors: Li Wenlong , Wu Peiyi
Published: June 2014

The dynamic phase transition and denaturation mechanism of [P4,4,4,4][SS]–BSA–D2O solution during heating and cooling processes.
Dynamics of self-propelled particles under strong confinement
Authors: Fily Yaouen , Baskaran Aparna , Hagan Michael F.
Published: June 2014

Confinement of active particles dramatically alters their spatial distribution and mechanical properties.
Aliovalent doping of CeO2: DFT study of oxidation state and vacancy effects
Authors: Vanpoucke Danny E. P. , Bultinck Patrick , Cottenier Stefaan , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Van Driessche Isabel
Published: June 2014

Doping of ceria allows one to tune the mechanical and chemical properties of ceria at will, though the induced vacancies often contribute to the leading term of these modifications.
Novel Ag/Au/Pt trimetallic nanocages used with surface-enhanced Raman scattering for trace fluorescent dye detection
Authors: Bich Quyen Tran Thi , Su Wei-Nien , Chen Ching-Hsiang , Rick John , Liu Jyong-Yue , Hwang Bing-Joe
Published: June 2014

Trimetallic nanocages possess inter-metallic synergies among elements and are able to generate significant SERS signal enhancement due to “hot spot” formation.
Nanowires with unusual packing of poly(3-hexylthiophene)s induced by electric fields
Authors: Ye Zhi , Yang Xiubao , Cui Huina , Qiu Feng
Published: June 2014

Unusual nanowires in thin films of poly(3-hexylthiophene) have been prepared by applying an electric field.
Executive Functioning and Social Pragmatic Communication Skills: Exploring the Threads in Our Social Fabric
Authors: Winner Michelle Garcia , Crooke Pamela
Published: June 2014

The development of treatment plans and related strategies to help our students with social pragmatic challenges improve upon their social communicative competencies requires us to explore how Theory of Mind (ToM), Central Coherence (CC), and Executive Functioning (EF) are interwoven. In this article, we will deconstruct elements of social learning to explore how EFs play a critical role in face-to-face communication and how this information is not captured on any current standardized assessment currently available in our field. Addressing the need to teach our students to be stronger social observers or “detectives” in order to socially problem solve and the practice adapting their behaviors based on the situation and the people within it is key to teaching social EF. Treatment philosophy encouraging the use of systematic social communication frameworks, such as Carol Gray's Social Stories (Gray & Garand, 1993) and Social Thinking's Social Behavior Mapping (Winner, 2007b) is explored to assist our students' in their development of social and self-regulatory strategies.
Developing Executive Control Skills in Preschool Children With Language Impairment
Authors: Howland Karole
Published: June 2014

This article discusses executive functions in preschool children with language impairments. Critical stages of executive function development are reviewed with respect to the key skills of inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility. Strategies for assessing executive functions are presented. Finally the article describes strategies for developing inhibitory control, planning and cognitive flexibility in preschool children, in the context of their language therapy sessions, in the classroom, and in the home.
Dynamic pilot allocation with channel estimation in closed‐loop multi‐input–multi‐output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems
Authors: Li Li (Alex) , de Lamare Rodrigo C. , Burr Alister G.
Published: June 2014

Dynamic pilot allocation (DPA) for discrete Fourier transform (DFT)‐based channel estimation in multi‐input–multi‐output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO‐OFDM) systems with spatial multiplexing can significantly improve the bit error rate performance compared with systems with uniform pilot allocation. However, the exhaustive search for optimum pilot allocation leads to very high complexity. The authors devise a multi‐input–multi‐output iterative pilot search (MIPS) algorithm applied with different MIMO‐OFDM receivers (linear, successive interference cancellation (SIC) and maximum likelihood (ML)), which significantly reduces the complexity of DPA. Exact derivations are also given based on the receivers. They also propose a novel stacked vector quantisation technique to reduce feedback burdens for DPA in MIMO‐OFDM system. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed MIPS algorithm with limited feedback can improve the performance of MIMO‐OFDM systems.
Discrete‐time non‐linear state observer based on a super twisting‐like algorithm
Authors: Salgado Iván , Chairez Isaac , Bandyopadhyay Bijnan , Fridman Leonid , Camacho Oscar
Published: June 2014

The properties of robustness and finite‐time convergence provided by sliding mode (SM) theory have motivated several researches to deal with the problems of control and state estimation. In the SM theory, the super‐twisting algorithm (STA), a second‐order SM scheme, has demonstrated remarkable characteristics when it is implemented as a controller, observer or robust signal differentiator although the presence of noise and parametric uncertainties. However, the design of this algorithm was originally developed for continuous‐time systems. The growth of microcomputers technology has attracted the attention of researchers inside the SM discrete‐time domain. Recently, discretisations schemes for the STA were studied using majorant curves. In this study, the stability analysis in terms of Lyapunov theory is proposed to study a discrete‐time super twisting‐like algorithm (DSTA) for non‐linear discrete‐time systems. The objective is to preserve the STA characteristics of robustness in a quasi‐sliding mode regime that was proved in terms of practical Lyapunov stability. An adequate combination of gains obtained by the same Lyapunov analysis forces the convergence for the DSTA. The problem of state estimation is also analysed for second‐order mechanical systems of n degrees of freedom. Simulation results regarding the design of a second‐order observer using the DSTA for a simple pendulum and a biped model of seven degrees of freedom are presented.
A distributed event‐triggered scheme for discrete‐time multi‐agent consensus with communication delays
Authors: Li Lulu , Ho Daniel W.C. , Xu Shengyuan
Published: June 2014

This study mainly investigates the event‐triggered data transmission in discrete‐time multi‐agent consensus problem with communication delays. A new distributed event‐triggered scheme is proposed for the considered multi‐agent network model. An action of the agent is triggered by an ‘event’ which is a well‐defined condition on the system state. For the proposed event‐triggered protocol, the authors prove that the multi‐agent network will achieve consensus asymptotically. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Robust technique for accurate estimation of single‐phase grid voltage fundamental frequency and amplitude
Authors: Reza Md. Shamim , Ciobotaru Mihai , Agelidis Vassilios Georgios
Published: June 2014

This study proposes a robust technique for accurate estimation of single‐phase grid voltage fundamental amplitude and frequency. The technique relies on a quadrature signal generator (QSG) based on a fixed frequency tuned second‐order generalised integrator (SOGI) and an infinite‐impulse‐response differentiation filter (DF). The DF is used to estimate the fundamental frequency from the instantaneous phase angle obtained from the generated orthogonal voltage waveforms. The estimation technique is robust and offers an easy tuning process as there is no interdependent loop between the orthogonal voltage system and the frequency estimation. Additionally, the technique is computationally efficient and can also reject the negative effects caused by the direct current offset and harmonics. Furthermore, the frequency estimation is less sensitive to harmonics when compared with a similar technique relying on the QSG based on the fixed frequency tuned SOGI and least‐squares method. Simulation and real‐time experimental results are provided to validate the robustness of the proposed technique.
Unsupervised evaluation method using Markov random field for moving object segmentation in infrared videos
Authors: Min Chaobo , Zhang Junju , Chang Bengkang , Sun Bin , Li Yingjie
Published: June 2014

An unsupervised method is proposed for performance evaluation of the moving object segmentation using Markov random field (MRF) in infrared videos. This method focuses on the edge features and takes spatio‐temporal information into account. The authors consider an MRF model for each edge point of a segmentation mask in spatial and temporal directions. This problem is then formulated using maximum a posteriori estimation principle to form a criterion of evaluation. Subjective evaluation is applied to measure the performance of the evaluation methods. The results show that the proposed method is superior to other unsupervised measures.
Expansion maxillaire rapide assistée chirurgicalement.
Évaluation de différentes techniques chirurgicales et de leur effet sur le complexe
dento-squelettique maxillaire par tomographie volumique à faisceau conique (CBCT). Rapport
préliminaire
Authors: Sygouros Antonios , Motro Melih , Ugurlu Faysal , Acar Ahu
Published: June 2014

Objectif – Évaluer et comparer les effets dento-squelettiques associés à
l’expansion maxillaire rapide assistée chirurgicalement (surgically assisted rapid
maxillary expansion ou SARME) réalisée avec (+) et sans (–) disjonction
ptérygo-maxillaire (pterygomaxillary disjunction ou PD), en utilisant la
tomographie volumique à faisceau conique (cone beam computed tomography
ou CBCT). Matériels et méthodes – Étude rétrospective sur neuf
patients (1 homme, 8 femmes, âge moyen de 18,9 ans) ayant bénéficié de SARME et répartis
en deux groupes. Dans le groupe (–PD), la technique chirurgicale suivie impliquait une
ostéotomie bilatérale de type Lefort I ainsi qu’une ostéotomie médiane. Dans le groupe
(+PD), le même protocole a
été suivi et une disjonction ptérygoïdienne a été réalisée en plus. Des images CBCT
tridimensionnelles ont été obtenues en pré-opératoire et après 3–6 mois de contention. Un disjoncteur avec
résine de type Hyrax collé a été employé. Le logiciel MIMICS 14.0 (Materialise Europe,
Belgique) a été utilisé pour évaluer l’expansion transversale aux niveaux squelettique,
dento-alvéolaire et dentaire. De plus, les inclinaisons dentaires, la flexion alvéolaire
et le schéma d’expansion sagittale ont été évalués. Le test de Wilcoxon et le test
U de Mann et Whitney ont été
utilisés pour les comparaisons. Résultats et discussion – Aux niveaux
dentaire et dento-alvéolaire, toutes les mesures linéaires transversales ont montré une
augmentation statistiquement significative (P < 0,05) dans les deux groupes traités. Au
niveau squelettique, aucune différence statistiquement significative n’a été trouvée entre
les deux groupes ou au sein des groupes (hormis l’expansion antérieure du maxillaire entre
les rebords bilatéraux de l’orifice piriforme). Dans le groupe (–PD), une version
vestibulaire significative de la première prémolaire a été observée, de même qu’une
augmentation de la flexion vestibulaire de la crête alvéolaire. Conclusion –
Cette étude confirme que la SARME est un traitement efficace de l’insuffisance maxillaire
transversale. Le CBCT est un outil approprié pour évaluer les effets dento-squelettiques
du traitement.
Ostéotomie d’avancée maxillo-mandibulaire ou orthèse d’avancée
mandibulaire dans le traitement des syndromes d’apnées obstructives du sommeil modérés à
sévères : comparaison d’efficacité et recherche de critères prédictifs
d’efficacité
Authors: Garreau Emilie , Wojcik Thomas , Bouscaillou Julie , Ferri Joël , Raoul Gwenaël
Published: June 2014

Introduction. La pression positive continue, traitement de référence du
syndrome d’apnées-hypopnées obstructives du sommeil (SAHOS), présente un taux élevé
d’intolérance. Les deux alternatives thérapeutiques reconnues sont l’orthèse d’avancée
mandibulaire (OAM) et la chirurgie d’avancée maxillo-mandibulaire (AMM). Patients et
méthode. Cette étude rétrospective a comparé entre janvier 2005 et septembre 2012
l’efficacité de ces deux traitements chez des patients atteints de SAHOS modéré à sévère,
et a recherché des critères prédictifs d’efficacité. L’efficacité était définie par un
index d’apnées-hypopnées (IAH) inférieur à 15/h et diminué de plus de 50 %. La différence
d’efficacité a été étudiée par régression logistique ajustée sur le score de propension à
être traité par AMM plutôt qu’OAM. Résultats. L’étude a inclus 198 patients :
37 ont été traités par AMM et 161 par OAM. Le traitement par AMM était significativement
plus efficace avec un rapport de cotes (odd-ratio) à 3,22; IC95 % 1,31Γ7,82 (p = 0,011). Les
facteurs prédictifs d’efficacité identifiés étaient un âge jeune et un IAH de départ
faible. Il n’a pas été retrouvé d’interaction significative entre le traitement et les
caractéristiques morphologiques du patient. Conclusion. La chirurgie d’AMM
apparaît être un traitement significativement plus efficace que l’OAM chez les patients
atteints de SAHOS modéré à sévère. Aucune caractéristique morphologique ne semble
favoriser la réussite du traitement par OAM comparativement au traitement par AMM.
Osteochondroma of Coronoid Process: A Rare Etiology of Jacob Disease
Authors: Losa-Muñoz PedroManuel , Burgueño-García Miguel , González-Martín-Moro Javier , Sánchez-Burgos Rocio
Published: June 2014

Jacob disease is a rare entity consisting of the formation of a pseudojoint between the inner surface of the zygoma and the coronoid process. This requires constant contact between the two implicated surfaces. It can be achieved by two mechanisms: one by an enlarged coronoid process and two by an anterior displacement of the coronoid process caused by a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder. Although von Langenbeck described coronoid process hyperplasia in 1853, Oscar Jacob was the first author to describe the pathology in 1899. Since then, only a few cases have been published in the literature. The authors report a rare case of Jacob disease caused by an osteochondroma of the coronoid process, which is even less common, and review the literature.
Fracture toughness of the sidewall fluorinated carbon nanotube-epoxy interface
Authors: Ganesan Yogeeswaran , Salahshoor Hossein , Peng Cheng , Khabashesku Valery , Zhang Jiangnan , Cate Avery , Rahbar Nima , Lou Jun
Published: June 2014

The effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) sidewall fluorination on the interface toughness of the CNT epoxy interface have been comprehensively investigated. Nanoscale quantitative single-CNT pull-out experiments have been conducted on individual fluorinated CNTs embedded in an epoxy matrix, in situ, within a scanning electron microscope (SEM) using an InSEM® nanoindenter assisted micro-device. Equations that were derived using a continuum fracture mechanics model have been applied to compute the interfacial fracture energy values for the system. The interfacial fracture energy values have also been independently computed by modeling the fluorinated graphene-epoxy interface using molecular dynamics simulations and adhesion mechanisms have been proposed.
Comment on “Communication: Benzene dimer—The free energy landscape” [J. Chem. Phys. 139, 201102 (2013)]
Authors: van der Avoird Ad , Podeszwa Rafał , Ensing Bernd , Szalewicz Krzysztof
Published: June 2014

It is shown that the conclusion of the Communication in A. K. Tummanapelli and S. Vasudevan, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 201102 (2013) that the T-shaped structure of the benzene dimer is strongly stabilized with respect to the competing parallel displaced structure by entropy effects is unjustified. Possible clues are given why the calculations that gave rise to this conclusion produced unphysical results.