bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comment être un TISF ?
Authors: Faure Christine , Gusmaroli Lisa
Published: October 2023

L’intervention sociale et familiale traverse les époques, les évolutions de la société et de la famille dans tous ses états. De la jeune fille bénévole à la travailleuse familiale diplômée, jusqu’aux tisf , hommes et femmes passionnés et passionnants. De la charité muée en métier et de la professionnalisation de ces travailleurs sociaux du domicile. L’Aide aux mères et aux familles à domicile marseillaise, presque centenaire, se fait aujourd’hui mémoire de ces évolutions dans lesquelles l’adaptation constante à des contextes nouveaux et l’innovation tiennent une place centrale. Il s’agit également d’imager concrètement, par les actions que nous menons, la nécessité d’« aller auprès » des familles là où elles se trouvent et de dépasser toutes les frontières : celles du domicile, des champs disciplinaires, des métiers. Enfin, de nous permettre de voir « grand » et « loin », à l’instar d’Henriette Viollet, fondatrice de l’Aide aux mères.
Comment les écrans et leur usage en expansion vont-ils impacter l’adolescence… des bébés 2.0 ?
Authors: Vlachopoulou Xanthie
Published: October 2023

Les adolescents digital natives ont un rapport particulier à l’image, ayant baigné dans les mondes virtuels depuis leur plus jeune âge, ils vont avoir un rapport d’emblée actif, s’appropriant facilement les images, les façonnant et les transformant à la fois au niveau de l’écran mais aussi au niveau fantasmatique. Ils se servent souvent des images numériques comme support de fantasmatisation, des sortes de rêveries assistées par écran. Les images de l’écran deviennent facilement des images psychiques, malléables et transformables, matériel pouvant ainsi témoigner de leur réalité psychique. La tendance semble s’accentuer avec les nouvelles générations connectées, et c’est intéressant à prendre en compte dans notre travail avec eux. Dans cet article, nous nous interrogeons sur la part d’inédit dans la traversée du processus adolescent venant de la place importante que les écrans ont prise dans la vie des adolescents.
Comment accompagne-t-on les bébés au spectacle… ou comment les bébés y accompagnent-ils les adultes ?
Authors: Basset Virginie
Published: October 2023

Le spectacle vivant proposé aux tout-petits permet également aux adultes de se confronter à la créativité, de rencontrer l’étrange, de partager des expériences sensibles, de regarder le monde avec un autre point de vue, de se mettre en lien, d’écouter autrement. Des temps essentiels aux petits humains comme aux grands.
À l’assaut du travail réel. Ce que la santé mentale fait au syndicalisme
Authors: Brugière Fabien , Fortino Sabine , Goussard Lucie , Tiffon Guillaume
Published: October 2023

Cet article questionne le rapport des syndicats français à la santé mentale au travail dans la période 2000-2022. Il s’appuie sur les principaux résultats d’une enquête conduite entre 2020 et 2022, par le biais d’entretiens auprès de responsables en charge de cette question (aux niveaux confédéral, fédéral et local), par des observations de formations et journées d’études syndicales, et par une analyse documentaire. Il montre que, depuis les années 2000, les syndicats ont largement investi le champ de la santé au travail, s’appropriant, de diverses manières, des savoirs académiques variés. Tout en veillant à conserver une autonomie face aux «  expert·e·s  » et aux scientifiques, les organisations d’orientation contestataire s’emploient à mobiliser les analyses du travail réel et de l’activité pour transformer leur travail militant dans le sens d’une démarche «  ascendante  » . Les organisations de tradition réformiste mobilisent davantage ces nouvelles compétences pour mieux influencer les négociations avec le patronat. L’article montre ainsi que la santé mentale au travail est progressivement devenue un objet politique à part entière pour les syndicats français, mais qui demeure vulnérable aux conjonctures politiques, économiques et sociales.
Tray-drying is a new way to valorise white-fleshed peach fruit
Authors: Roppolo Pasquale , Tinebra Ilenia , Passafiume Roberta , Allegra Alessio , Sortino Giuseppe , Inglese Paolo , Farina Vittorio
Published: October 2023

Pescabivona is a highly appreciated fruit by consumers for its sweet flavour and juicy flesh; however, it has a short shelf life and is susceptible to postharvest damage, such as mechanical injury, loss of texture and alteration of organoleptic properties. Therefore, it's necessary to develop new methods of processing and conservation for this fruit. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of tray-drying in white peach slices and cubes at 70 ℃ for 12 hours in order to extend their shelf-life and increase its commercial availability over a long period and to obtain a new food product. The physicochemical and sensory properties of dried fruits were assessed during 30 days of storage in polyamide/polyethene (PA/PE) bags containing two gas mixtures (treatments): MAP-N2 (100% N2) and MAP-P (78% N2, 21% O2 and 0.04% CO2), at room temperature (20 ± 1 ℃). Both MAP treatments kept the fruit firmness, with MAP-P slightly more effective. Slicing produced fruit with a good appearance and firmness, while cubing produced sweet fruit with a caramel flavour and a chewier firmness. In addition, packing with MAP-N2 reduced the phenomenon of fruit browning. Overall, this study provides significant information on the drying process (time-temperature treatments) and packaging techniques (MAP) of white-fleshed peach to obtain a novel food product.
Some solutions to a third-order quaternion tensor equation
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Liu Xin , Jiang Jing , Sun Jian
Published: October 2023

The paper deals with the third-order quaternion tensor equation. Based on the Qt multiplication operation, we derive solvability conditions and also get the general solution, the least-squares solution, the minimum-norm solution and the minimum-norm least-squares solution of the tensor equation $ \mathcal{A} \ast_{\mathbb{Q}} \mathcal{X} = \mathcal{B} $. Finally, two numerical examples are presented.
Mississippi church leaders' perceptions of challenges and barriers to the use of consumer wearables among community members
Authors: White Monique , Pizzetta Candis , Davidson Edith , Hines Andre , Azevedo Mario , Ikem Fidelis , Jones Lena M. , Malone Shelia , Berhie Girmay
Published: October 2023

Background

Wearables have begun to play a transformative role in health management and disease prevention.

Objective

This study examined the use of wearable devices in African American communities in Mississippi, USA, through the lens of church leaders.

Methods

We conducted focus groups with church leaders to record their perceptions about the use of wearables of their community members. We conducted six focus groups with a total of 89 church leaders from across the state of Mississippi. The focus groups were designed to contextualize and explain the socio-cognitive processes that provided an understanding of wearable device adoption practices among community members. Participants were male and female church leaders who were recruited from the three Mississippi Districts. The church leaders' perceptions of barriers and challenges to the adoption of consumer wearables in their communities were thoroughly analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

There was great apprehension on the part of community members about the security of the information they entered into the wearable devices and about how that information could be used by other parties. Many community members who understood the value of proactive health behaviors could not afford the high cost of purchasing wearable devices, while others displayed a low level of comfort with technology, believing that wearable use was for younger people.

Conclusion

More expansive adoption of wearable devices in Mississippi will depend on the ability of the public health professionals, policy-makers and manufacturers to address the barriers that were identified by this study, thereby enabling the community to have full access to the potential benefits of these technologies.
An Ithyphallic Idol from the Monastery of St. Naum near Ohrid
Authors: Chausidis Nikos , Eftimovski Igor
Published: October 2023

The article presents a stone idol located in the courtyard of the monastery of St. Naum near Ohrid, discovered within its boundaries or somewhere in its surroundings at an unknown date. The authors offer a description of the monument, assumptions about its former appearance, and an analysis of its iconographic elements, with an emphasis on ithyphallicity and the pose of the hands. Through analogies, the article assesses the chronological and cultural affiliation of the idol, with arguments in favor of its potential Pagan-Slavic character. The monument is also observed in context of the mythological and religious traditions of the region, with a focus on the local cult of St. Naum and the legend of how he yoked a bear. In that direction, presented in the article are also the surrounding toponyms that contain Pagan-Slavic theonyms, with a predominance of those of a chthonic nature. The attribution and character of the idol is then derived on the basis of comparing its iconography with the domains of St. Naum as the depicted character’s Christian successor: agriculture, livestock, water, crafts, trade, as well as healing, especially of childlessness and mental illness.
Sacred Stones and Stone Structures in the Ritual Practice of the Turkic Population in the Southern Urals: Archaeological Evidence and Modernity
Authors: Tuzbekov Ainur , Akhatov Albert
Published: October 2023

The article summarises, analyses and structures the beliefs of the Turkic population of the Southern Urals that are associated with stones, mountains, menhirs, karaski, stone mounds, tombstones, etc.Based on the works of Russian and foreign authors, as well as on field materials gathered during the expedition trips in 2011–2023, two groups of beliefs are singled out: cults associated with stones of natural (divine) origin, and beliefs associated with stone constructions of man-made origin. Various forms of the use of stone and stone constructions by the Turkic people in modern ritual practice are described. The processes of sacralisation and desacralisation at the cult sites of the Southern Urals occurring at the present stage of development are considered. Beliefs related to gemstones, to which people gave special symbolic meaning, and attributed protective, magic and healing properties, are analysed separately.
El marco normativo como fomento a la I+D+i científico-tecnológica en Argentina: la edición genética en el campo agropecuario y su regulación geopolítica
Authors: Bilañski Gisele
Published: October 2023

Argentina fue el primer país del mundo en establecer que los organismos que resulten de nuevas técnicas de edición genética (GE, en sus siglas en inglés) no estarán alcanzados por la normativa para Organismos Genéticamente Modificados (OGM), siempre y cuando una primera evaluación concluya que no incluye ADN de otra especie. Esto es relevante porque las evaluaciones para comercializar un OGM son tan extensas y costosas que solo son accesibles para unas pocas empresas multinacionales, que monopolizan la innovación fundamental, las licencias y los productos derivados. Esta simplificación regulatoria coincide con el descubrimiento de técnicas como CRISPR-Cas9, mucho más baratas y simples que las previas, y con potencial para desarrollarse con reducidos presupuestos de investigación. Este trabajo indaga cómo el Estado argentino utiliza la legislación sobre biotecnología para fomentar la investigación, el desarrollo y la innovación (I+D+i), indagando en los límites y posibilidades de esta estrategia. Para ello se basa en la legislación y las políticas públicas competentes; observaciones en reuniones y conferencias biotecnológicas; y en entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas durante 2019 a científicos y empresarios que trabajaban con CRISPR. Así, encuentra que la legislación opera como fomento para los desarrollos locales, pero las ventajas que ofrecen las nuevas técnicas de edición genética dependen de una serie de acciones y estrategias geopolíticas. Entendiendo por regulación al conjunto de acciones y omisiones de los actores interesados, a escala mundial y con intereses contrapuestos, la investigación concluye que es esta regulación geopolítica la que condiciona la innovación biotecnológica en Argentina. Así, la posibilidad de aprovechar esa “ventana de oportunidad” que habilitan las nuevas técnicas descansa en una serie de variables que configuran nuevas relaciones de interdependencia global.
L’archéologie préventive en contexte de friche industrielle
Authors: Bayard-Maret Vanessa , Allaoua Élise , Battistini Aurélie
Published: October 2023

Cet article se propose d’exposer les contraintes inhérentes à la fouille préventive d’anciennes friches industrielles en milieu fortement urbanisé, de saisir l’impact sur les conditions de travail des archéologues et de définir les solutions apportées à travers l’exemple du service archéologique du Val-de-Marne.
Tell Debbeh (Syrie du Sud) : une campagne de fouilles archéologiques en pleine guerre (2014)
Authors: Trabah Ashraf Abou
Published: October 2023

Tell Debbeh, l’un des plus grands tells de Syrie du Sud, est situé au nord-ouest des dernières pentes du Jebel al-’Arab. À partir de 2003, des fouilles archéologiques y furent annuellement réalisées pendant un à deux mois, en fonction du budget alloué. En 2011, et surtout les années suivantes marquées par le conflit armé qui a ravagé la plupart des villes syriennes, un climat d’instabilité et d’insécurité a régné dans le pays. Dans ce contexte difficile et exigeant, nous avons mené des campagnes de fouilles, notamment celle de 2014, pendant laquelle des tombes associées à du matériel remontant à l’âge du Bronze moyen ont été mises au jour.
Du Brésil aux Antilles : lorsque des jeux de pouvoir limitent l’archéologie précolombienne
Authors: Bour Ninon
Published: October 2023

De quelle(s) façon(s) la colonisation a-t-elle impacté l’archéologie précolombienne sur le long terme ? À travers les exemples du Brésil et des Antilles, nous pouvons observer que l’archéologie d’une aire culturelle et géographique peut se voir limitée (ou rendue difficile) par deux schémas d’expansion et de domination coloniale différents. Ces schémas ont à chaque fois pour conséquence la modulation des résultats archéologiques obtenus, découlant soit directement et sciemment du pouvoir local en place, qui filtre et manipule des données ; soit d’une mise en place plus inconsciente, par le biais de déplacements forcés de populations et par la reprise d’anciens écrits erronés ou biaisés. Le présent article cherche à questionner et à comprendre les choix et les mécanismes de pensée qui se sont appliqués par le passé au Brésil et dans les Antilles, car l’intérêt de l’archéologie ne réside pas seulement dans la production et l’étude de données primaires, mais aussi dans l’analyse de son histoire.
Muminalism : Tove Jansson’s Art of the Miniature
Authors: Sundmark Björn
Published: October 2023

Dans cet article, j’analyse l’art de la miniature chez Tove Jansson. En m’appuyant sur la conceptualisation de la miniature de Gaston Bachelard et en l’adaptant au discours critique sur la littérature de jeunesse et la miniature, je soutiens que l’art verbal et visuel de Jansson en général, et dans la série Moomin en particulier, peut être compris en termes d’une « imagination miniaturisante ». Ainsi, la miniature – verbale, visuelle, artefactuelle – dans l’œuvre de Tove Jansson atteint généralement la condensation et l’enrichissement plutôt que la réduction, un « espace poétique » pour reprendre le terme de Bachelard. Le « muminalisme » de Tove Jansson sert à ouvrir le monde fictif des Moomins par un acte de construction d’un monde fictif.
Are Technical Graduates Best Suited for Entrepreneurship?
Authors: Dubey Pushkar , Sahu Kailash Kumar , Dubey Parul
Published: October 2023

Converting technical students into entrepreneurs is not a new concept, but now it is a necessary one to effectively address the unemployment issue. The present study explores the moderation effect of entrepreneurial attitude dimensions (i.e., achievement, innovation, personal control, and self-esteem) in the link between entrepreneurial characteristics and self-employment intention among technical undergraduates studying in different government and private technical institutions of Chhattisgarh state. Authors incorporated stratified random sampling method for collecting primary data. About 1245 questionnaires were sent to the technical students in which 1000 questionnaires were returned usable for analysis. Analysis revealed that the entrepreneurial attitude dimensions (i.e., achievement, innovation, personal control, and self-esteem) were found statistically significant moderator in the link between entrepreneurial characteristics and self-employment intention among technical undergraduates of Chhattisgarh state. However, the interaction effect was found to be negative.
Unlocking Algeria's Economic Potential
Authors: Driss Amira , Bentouir Naima
Published: October 2023

The distinction between entrepreneurship and rent-seeking is acknowledged, highlighting the significant role that entrepreneurship education plays in fostering employment opportunities, productivity, economic growth, innovation, and competitiveness. This approach ultimately enhances a country's standing in the global market. This study aims to evaluate the effect of entrepreneurship on Algeria's economic development. Using annual data from 2006 to 2020, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) co-integration methodology is used to accomplish this. The analysis's main conclusions show that the variables of interest have a consistent, long-term relationship. Furthermore, the findings show that tertiary education (as a percentage of gross enrollment), new business density, and school enrolment all positively influence GDP growth over the short and long terms. These results offer strong proof of the beneficial impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth.
The Legal Framework Start-Ups in Algeria
Authors: Benchouat Soumia , Kadri Riadh , Abdelli Mohammed El Amine , Bentouir Naima , Vadell Lorenzo Mateo Bujosa
Published: October 2023

The main goal of this academic investigation is to improve theoretical and practical understanding of the startup industry. This includes a thorough analysis of the essential elements and drivers that support the development of a healthy ecosystem. A thorough examination of numerous models' representative of startup ecosystems, including the 3M model, improved from the previous 5M framework, is at the heart of this endeavour. This model is the focus of the analysis because of its extreme importance. The inquiry also looks at how it might be used in Algeria, where the model's components are sharply projected onto the local topography. An extremely thorough examination follows, with a special emphasis on Executive Decree No. 20/254, a piece of legislation outlining the boundaries of startups and their legal requirements. This thorough evaluation helps us understand the complex interactions between conceptual frameworks, legal definitions, and practical implementation.
Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Adebakin Azeez Babatunde , Ayanlowo Adesoji Emmanuel
Published: October 2023

Every aspect of a country's economy, including education, now places a high priority on economic development. Economic development is the all-encompassing process of steadily enhancing the wellbeing of each person as well as the equitable allocation of available economic resources. No nation can surpass the caliber of its educational system, formal or informal, and education is a necessary tool for economic success. This chapter therefore presents as a crucial element of education that has a significant potential to stimulate economic growth and development through the lens of entrepreneurship education.
Evaluation of Soft Power in Terms of Leadership
Authors: Acar Safa
Published: October 2023

In this study, bibliometric analysis method is used to determine the basic features of the research of the relationship between soft power and leadership, to determine the structure of disciplinary knowledge, and to analyze research points and trends. The main data source is the literature in the Scopus database between 2002-2022. According to the findings, the most publications were made in 2022 (30) and the journals with the most publications were Journal of Political Power (4) and World Affairs (4). As a result of the analysis, it is expected to create new directions about opening new horizons about soft power and leadership. In the study, the gaps in soft power and leadership were expressed and these deficiencies were stated. It is thought that studies on these subjects will make important contributions to the literature.
Impact of the Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax on the South African Sugar Industry
Authors: Latsha Ncebakazi P. , Proches Cecile Naomi Gerwel , Singh Nikita
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the sugar-sweetened beverage tax on the South African sugar as well as navigating power dynamics within the sugar industry. The study was guided by a qualitative research approach involving key sugar industry stakeholders. The sugar-sweetened beverage and power differentials amongst key sugar industry stakeholders has negatively impacted the South African sugar industry which is already beset by various challenges. The sustainability of the sugar industry has been threatened, forcing industry stakeholders to consider alternatives for survival. Public policies should be better informed before implementation, especially for industries pivotal to the economic welfare of developing countries. Furthermore, the sugar industry in South Africa needs to become more resilient to withstand similar shocks in the future. The study demonstrates how well-intentioned public policies often lead to unintended and disruptive consequences. In situating itself against the background of a developing country, the study further highlights how such consequences can be more severe in such contexts.
Organizational Socio-Intercultural Anthropology
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , Higuera-Cota María F. , Vargas-Gonzàlez Omar C.
Published: October 2023

The field of socio-intercultural anthropology has become increasingly relevant in the context of organizational culture. This study aims to analyze the interplay between socio-cultural anthropology and organizational culture. It starts with the assumption that the application of anthropological disciplines to organizations is having an impact on the socio-cultural expressions and manifestations within those organizations. The study takes an analytical-descriptive approach, delving into the theoretical and empirical literature related to the topic. In summary, the study provides important insights into the role of socio-intercultural anthropology in organizational socio-interculture. It highlights how anthropological methodologies have influenced organizational culture and provides recommendations for future research and practice in this area.
Rapacious Capitalism?
Authors: Azuma Yoshifumi , Utami Dian Wahyu
Published: October 2023

This chapter examines the nature of soft power management of ride-hailing applications (RHA), namely Grab, through a quantitative data survey of 453 drivers and 500 passengers during the Covid-19 pandemic in Jakarta in 2021-2. The empirical study explores the co-existing and at times, conflicting relationships between passengers and drivers within the same residential area of Jakarta. RHA has led to the marginalization of drivers due to contemporary digitalization. Unreasonable demands from passengers can be interpreted as bullying, harassment and human rights violations. Furthermore, even a slightly negative review from a harsh passenger can result in a driver being excluded from the assignment by the algorithm. Conversely, the system in which drivers' rate passengers tend to eliminate the few bad ones. Here an irony lies in the conflict and emphasis between two principal agents: the driver and the passenger. The party who gained the maximum dividends was the RHA company in charge of control, such as Grab, which allocates managerial resources to enhance passenger customer satisfaction. This indicates a tendency to prioritize this aspect. However, it is imperative to stress the importance of considering a more decent working environment for drivers. This requires a balanced approach that simultaneously addresses passenger satisfaction and recognizes the importance of ensuring optimal working conditions for drivers.
Sustainable Economy
Authors: Ushakov Denis , Ivanova Daria
Published: October 2023

The chapter contains the author's definition of a sustainable economy as a concept of post-globalism; models of countries' transition to sustainable economics, taking into account the required institutional and infrastructural transformations of the state regulation of the economy; methodology for assessing the economic stability of states in the dynamics of world economic relations. Based on the results of the comparative analysis of the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators of the world during the pandemic, the adequacy of the authors' assessment of the economic stability of states is substantiated.
Synergy as a Smart Solution
Authors: Bogdanović Mario
Published: October 2023

Synergy (positive/smart one) is generally considered “the holy grail” of management, teamwork smart achievement. The purpose of this chapter is to answer the core question: “Whether and when is teamwork appropriate, i.e., smart?” The reasonable answer is: “In the situation when by means of teamwork can be achieved positive synergy!” Therefore at first, it should determine if positive/smart synergy is theoretically possible, and if it is, the next question is how to achieve and keep such synergistic teamwork. According to such methodological frameworks the theses are explicated as answers to the purpose question of what is needed for positive synergy achieving, such as a) synergic tasks; b) specific material, social, and informational investments, also new heuristics; c) elimination of behavioral and individual disturbances; d) solving some unknown, specific but potentially dangerous teamwork problems. Therefore, teamwork synergy is never a routine activity. It requires wise case study application and sometimes professional psycho-social treatment.
The Effect of Soft Power on the Selection of a Touristic Destination
Authors: Aksoy Mustafa , Tahmaz Gül Seçil
Published: October 2023

Through tourism, which is one of the most important activities in bringing cultures closer to each other, there are intense soft power activities in the touristic place where the tourism event takes place, as both the culture that accepts tourists and the culture that is tourist affect each other, with or without awareness. In this study, which was carried out with the methodology of document review in order to reveal the effect of soft power on tourism, considering the data of the United Nations World Tourism Organization in 2022 report which includes the top ten countries that attract the most tourists and get the most income from the world tourism movements with the results of the researches made by the Global Soft Power Index. According to the data obtained, it was tested to reach a judgment by making comparisons with the 2023 Global Soft Power Index ranking. Accordingly, it has been concluded that the countries with the highest ranks in the World Soft Power Index are mostly the countries that attract the most tourists in the world and the most revenue from world tourism.
Engaging With “Homeland of Buddha”
Authors: Indika M. K. Amila
Published: October 2023

The main purpose of this chapter is to analyze the current state of the outbound Buddhist pilgrimage tourism from Sri Lanka to India and Nepal with emphasis on tourists profile, expectations and behaviors of the tourists, attractions, role of the pilgrimage business stakeholders in Sri Lanka, tour packages, government policies, impact, and associated trends. A majority of the tourists prefer to live in an own ‘Sri Lankan tourist bubble' in the pilgrim experience with consumption of Sri Lankan foods, service of Sinhala speaking tour leaders, and home country Buddhist rituals at the sites. Sri Lankan Buddhist pilgrims consider this tour as a once-in-a-lifetime experience to be spiritually engaged with the most sacred places of their religious universe.
An Empirical Investigation of the Motivational Factors Underlying Religious Tourism
Authors: Srivastava Praveen
Published: October 2023

The present study aims to explore the motivational factors that influence pilgrimage tourism and examine the potential moderating role of demographic variables. Pilgrimage tourism is a significant aspect of the travel industry, and understanding the underlying motivations that drive people to engage in such activities can provide insights into the tourist experience. By investigating the role of various motivational factors, such as religious beliefs, secular and cultural motives, and recreational motives, this study seeks to shed light on the complex nature of pilgrimage tourism. Additionally, the study will examine the potential moderating effects of demographic variables to gain a deeper understanding of how these factors impact the relationship between motivational factors and pilgrimage tourism. This can help tourism authorities to develop targeted strategies to attract visitors and provide them with a meaningful and fulfilling experience.
Wearable Sensors and AI Algorithms for Pregnant Women
Authors: Vinora A. , Lloyds E. , Nancy Deborah R. , Gobinath A. , Sivakarthi G.
Published: October 2023

This book chapter aims to disseminate the impact created by the usage of wearable sensors along with artificial intelligence technologies for pregnant women. A healthy society depends on the heath of the expectant mother and baby that may be impacted by several causes and medical conditions, including high blood pressure, which can result in preeclampsia, abnormal fetal development, or fetus development in tubes, which can result in ectopic pregnancy. Wearable sensors technology has been applied to a wide variety of products both medical as well as consumer. The expansion and usage of wearable sensors are associated with various parameters such as user-friendly technology, economical accessibility to technology, and universalization of wearables. It has incorporated mechanical, electrical, and optical methods for measuring the parameters of the body. The technological customization to the innovation of minimized sensing technologies to provide continuous remote sensing at ease is a boon to society.
Predicting Pregnancy Complications Using Machine Learning
Authors: Dewan Manav , Mudgal Aman , Pandey Pallavi , Raghav Yogita Yashveer , Gupta Tanu
Published: October 2023

The chapter starts out by going over the different kinds of pregnancy issues, their causes, and the difficulties in foreseeing them using conventional statistical techniques. The following section of the chapter gives a thorough summary of a number of research that employed machine learning methods to forecast pregnancy problems. In this chapter, the authors use a dataset of ultrasound images taken during pregnancy of different parts of the mother and the unborn child. After passing the dataset through pre-processing, where all the images were resized, the authors use data augmentation techniques to make the data more relevant for use in predictive modelling. To classify six classes, some pre-trained models were employed. The chapter ends with a review of the difficulties encountered by machine learning methods for anticipating pregnancy issues, such as the absence of extensive data sets and the requirement for additional validation studies.
Machine Learning-Based Monitoring Devices for Pregnant Women
Authors: Palanisamy Selvanayaki , Murugavel A. S Muthanantha , Pattusamy Sathiyamurthi , Deepa S.
Published: October 2023

The improvements in IoT technology in the medical field over the last few years have offered a lot of benefits for pregnant women. The internet of things, together with cloud computing and wearable technologies, are all working together to improve maternal healthcare. The amount of time that is required to be contributed by medical professionals and registered nurses has been cut down. There are three distinct modes of operation for the internet of things technology that is implemented for the purpose of monitoring pregnant women. The initial layer is referred to as the perception layer, and some of its responsibilities include the authentication of users, the assumption of cognitive control, and the collection of physiological data. The second layer is referred to as the network layer, and it is the one that is accountable for receiving these data and putting them to use in a variety of different ways. The application layer, which is the third layer, is in charge of health management tasks including the diagnosis of diseases and the monitoring of the foetal well-being.
Prediction of Pregnancy Complications Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Ainapure Bharati Sanjay
Published: October 2023

Machine learning algorithms can assist pregnant women and physicians in predicting risk factors associated with pregnancy. In order to reduce maternal mortality, early and accurate detection of pregnancy related complications is essential. In this chapter, a systematic evaluation of prior work based on pregnancy risk prediction using deep learning and ML is carried out. Based on this the work proposes models prepared using three machine machine learning algorithms: SVM, DT and extra tree classifier, and two deep learning algorithms: LSTM and Bi-LSTM. All the models were trained to identify the pregnancy related risk in three categories: low, medium and high. The proposed method is implemented in three different steps. First step includes of data selection and pre-processing, in second step implementation of ML and DL algorithms and in third step models were evaluated to test the performance using standard metrics. The results indicate Bi-LSTM model outperformed by achieving 94.34% of accuracy compared to other models.
Prediction of Pregnancy Complications in Fetal Heart Rate Using Hybrid Supervised Learning Model Enhanced With Compressive Sensing
Authors: Jothiraj Sivasankari , Balu Sridevi , Premalatha S. , Nagarajan Nagarani
Published: October 2023

Complications during pregnancy are now common for most of the maternal. Those complications will affect both the maternal's and fetal's health. Women might have pre-pregnancy issues and it will prolong to their difficulties, others may subject to health relate issues during pregnancy. More crucially, fetal arrhythmias include tachycardia(high heart rate) and bradycardia(slow heart rate) may give rise to fetal heart damage. Normally, heart rates of fetal vary from 110 to 165 beats per minute. It seems to be abnormal, if it exceeds the distinctive ranges or if the rhythm is erratic. Thus, fetal heart rate monitoring is essential in anticipating pregnancy complications. For classifying pregnancy complications, a 2D Convolutional neural network (CNN) will be used at the data acquisition step, and it will be augmented using compressed sensing and modified orthogonal matching pursuit (MOMP).The reconstruction error, probability of detection, accuracy of detection will be used to quantify proposed techniques and the simulation results shows its superiority over unsupervised algorithm.
Analyzing Skin Cancer Detection Efficiency With Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Nagarani N. , Seronica S. , Rajalakshmi S. , Santhi S. J. Sherine
Published: October 2023

Skin cancer is a malignancy that develops in the skin and can cause damage, disability and even death. It occurs when skin cells grow and multiply in an uncontrolled and disordered manner, leading to a rapid growth of cells, including abnormal cells.In Indonesia, skin cancer ranks as the third most common type of cancer after cervical and bone cancer. To address the challenges in diagnosing skin cancer, the proposed study developed a system that could automatically identify skin cancer and benign growth lesions using Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) technology. The data collected from the ISIC dataset was classified into two classes: non-melanoma and carcinoma and the results achieved surpassed the performance of the skin cancer classification system. While numerous computer based individual styles using dermoscopy images have been proposed to help clinicians and dermatologists diagnose skin cancer, the proposed CNN based system offers a more efficient and accurate way of detecting and diagnosing skin cancer.
Stigma and self-esteem in patients of bronchial asthma
Authors: Sidhu Gunbirpal Singh , Garg Kranti , Chopra Vishal
Published: October 2023

Asthma is a debilitating chronic disease that renders individuals physically as well as mentally sick. The perception of stigmatization further leads to inappropriate control of asthma resulting in a bidirectional relationship. A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care centre of semi urban area of north India during 2021-2022. Three hundred cases of bronchial asthma and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. The asthma control test (ACT) was used to evaluate the control of asthma. Stigma and self-esteem were measured with the use of 28 item self-stigma scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and stigma-related social problem scale (SPSS). The impact of sociodemographic and clinical profiles on stigma and self-esteem was evaluated. Correlation of different scales with each other was done along with. The mean age of asthmatic patients was 47.41±15.507 years with 56% being females; 49.3% of patients were well controlled and 36.3% were partly controlled. Positive subscales of 28 item self-stigma scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and SSPS showed statistically significant differences between cases and controls (p<0.001). ACT significantly correlated with 28 item self-stigma scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and SSPS, and all three stigma and self-esteem scales correlated significantly with each other.
Approach to Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bae Ji Cheol
Published: October 2023

Type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor for development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fatty liver is prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes, and overweight or obesity in these patients aggravates insulin resistance and steatohepatitis, which appear to be drivers for the disease progression. The goal of screening is not to identify steatosis itself, but rather to identify patients at risk for adverse hepatic outcomes such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death from liver disease. The most important risk factors for disease progression are liver fibrosis and its severity. There is a consensus that the FIB-4 (fibrosis-4 index) is the most cost-effective strategy for initial screening of hepatic fibrosis in a clinical setting. At present, there are no approved drugs for the treatment of NAFLD. Clinically significant improvements in NAFLD are achieved with weight loss. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are effective for inducing weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes, and some GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to be effective for treating steatohepatitis. Therefore, GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors should be considered when choosing antidiabetic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD, especially in those who are overweight or obese.
Characteristics of the Latest Therapeutic Agent for Diabetes
Authors: Yun Nuri
Published: October 2023

The latest therapeutic agent for diabetes is characterized by a longer lasting blood glucose control effect than existing treatments and stable blood glucose control. In addition, it has the advantage of being able to manage not only diabetes, but also comorbidities by considering the characteristics of each patient, such as comorbidities (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, etc.). In this chapter, new antidiabetic drugs will be introduced based on the latest clinical research results on drugs such as sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.
Diabetes and Dietary Fats
Authors: Cho Jae Won
Published: October 2023

Fats are important nutrients that supply energy and help to regulate the processes of the human body. The proportion of fat in the energy intake of Koreans, as well as that of saturated fatty acids is continuously increasing. It has been reported that the quality of fat is more important than the intake of fat because of the effects on insulin sensitivity or blood lipid levels depending on the type of fat. To prevent excessive intake of energy or bad fat, total fat intake is recommended to be < 30% of total energy intake. Saturated fatty acids, which have the greatest adverse effect on the risk of cardiovascular disease, are recommended as < 7% of total energy, while trans fatty acids are suggested to be avoided and replaced with unsaturated fatty acids. Emphasis is placed on incorporating healthy eating patterns such as those of the Mediterranean diet and DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), rich in mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids. A balanced intake of fatty acids and a variety of nutritional foods in appropriate amounts is important for health.
Exploitation of steroids in coronavirus disease 2019: An overview
Authors: Punuri Salome Satya Vani , Jangra Sarita , Shaima Kattungal Arunan
Published: October 2023

Corticosteroids, more specifically glucocorticoids, are one of the most prescribed drugs. Corticosteroids are adrenal hormones that serve significant physiologic activities such as modulating glucose metabolism, protein catabolism, calcium metabolism, bone turnover control, immunosuppression, and downregulation of the inflammatory cascade. Corticosteroids are regarded as life-saving due to their various effects and have been used therapeutically to treat a broad range of autoimmune, rheumatologic, inflammatory, neoplastic, and viral illnesses. However, the therapeutic benefits of glucocorticoids are restricted by their adverse effects. The most serious side effects of corticosteroids are associated with the use of higher doses for longer periods and over the counter medicine availability in specific pharmacies, which leads to dependency, as well as its usage in mild and moderate server instances, which is contrary to guidelines. In recent times, the use of corticosteroids has been multiplied with the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. WHO and the standard guidelines have recommended the usage of corticosteroids in critically ill COVID-19 patients, but their usage in mild and moderate cases caused more harm than benefit. This illicit usage has resulted in the development of opportunistic fungal illnesses such as mucormycosis, posing an extra risk to patients in terms of quality of life and finances. Other adverse effects of systemic corticosteroids include morphological changes, increased blood sugar levels, delayed wound healing, infections, decreased bone density, truncal obesity, cataracts, glaucoma, blood pressure abnormalities, and muscle fiber atrophy. In this review, we want to discuss the significance and detrimental effects of corticosteroids emphasizing on recent times, that is, COVID-19. Anabolic-androgenic steroids are the best-studied class of APEDs (appearance and performance-enhancing drugs). Anabolic steroids increase lean muscle mass when used in conjunction with weight training. The aim, for nonathlete weightlifters is typically the improvement of appearance. The vast majority of people who misuse steroids are male nonathlete weightlifters in their 20s or 30s.
Perceptions and practices of shopkeepers toward single-use plastics ban in Puducherry: An exploratory study
Authors: Kittu Devi , Chellamuthu Lalithambigai , Sivapushani Aruljothi
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

The plastic industry is one among the fastest growing markets around the world and within India. Single-use plastics may represent the epitome of today’s throw-away culture. The Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2019, stipulates minimum thickness of 50 micron for plastic sheets.

Objective:

The objective was to explore the perceptions and practices of shopkeepers toward single-use plastics ban in Puducherry.

Materials and Methods:

This was a community-based, qualitative study conducted for a period of 3 months from September to November during the year 2019 in the urban and rural field practice areas of a medical college at Puducherry. The study population was shopkeepers who have been owning the shops located in the study setting. The shopkeepers were selected by purposive sampling. A total of four focused group discussions were held (two discussions in each urban and rural area) with six participants in each group. Ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Written informed consent from each participant was sought.

Results:

Four themes were identified from the content analysis of focused group discussions among shopkeepers: preban practices toward single-use plastics, perceived rationality for ban on single-use plastics, postban practices against single-use plastics, and reflections on the enforcement of ban for single-use plastics.

Conclusions:

The respondents perceived the ban as a moral initiative, and the rationality of the government behind it was well appreciated. The stakeholders perceived a few bottlenecks for adhering to the law and also came up with solutions for the same. The study participants felt that the ban was enforced for their own betterment, and so they had a positive attitude toward the legislation of avoiding single-use plastics.
Checklist-based training for essential clinical skills in 3 term MBBS students
Authors: Bhat Smitha
Published: October 2023

Background:

Undergraduate students find the correct sequence & method of eliciting clinical signs is ambiguous, leading to confusion & reluctance to demonstrate. The 3-term posting is the introduction to clinical skills & it is essential that bedside teaching is organized & delivered well. Studies have shown that a structured clinical training improves students' examination skills. This study aimed to estimate the difference in competence in basic physical examination in students taught by checklist-based training and those taught by standard clinical teaching.

Materials and Methods:

This was a randomized crossover trial conducted on 3 term MBBS students posted to medicine. Checklists for general physical examination (GPE) and vital sign examination were framed, piloted. Students were divided in to control & test groups by simple randomization. In phase 1, the control group learnt measurement of vital signs by standard clinical teaching in the units. The test group learned using checklist-based demonstration. In phase 2, the groups were interchanged and GPE was taught by checklist method in the test group. Skills were assessed by OSCE after each training. OSCE scores between control & test groups were compared and analysed.

Results:

Students showed significantly higher scores when GPE was taught by checklist-based method (Test 1.49, control 0.6. P – 0.000). There was no significant difference in OSCE scores in vital sign examination (Test – 1.15, Control 1.19 P – 0.378). Students found the checklist-based method systematic and easy to remember

Conclusion:

Checklist-based training improves student clinical learning in GPE, though not in vital sign examination.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:

Medical knowledge, Patient care, Practice-based learning and improvement.