bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Financial and Climate Factors on Agricultural Industry Development
Authors: LUKPANOVA Zhanar , TOYZHIGITOVA Zhanar , ALINA Gulzhan , JUMABEKOVA Almagul , ORAZGALIYEVA Arailym
Published: December 2020

The development of the agro-industrial complex in Kazakhstan is an urgent problem for agricultural producers and insurers, since agriculture is in the zone of constant natural and economic risks, where the main share of risks is associated with weather events affecting the production of agricultural crops. In order to reduce negative factors in agriculture, to ensure the protection of the property interests of farmers in crop production from the consequences of adverse natural phenomena, animal husbandry, measures are being taken by the state and business, however, there are still problems that agricultural producers face.
Main Directions of Increasing Competitiveness Considering Specificity of Agriculture and Its Sustainable Development
Authors: ZHUSSUPOV Yerzhan , TURSUMBAYEVA Madina , SHOKHAN Roza , AIMURZINA Baglan , KAMENOVA Mazken , OMAROVA Ainura
Published: December 2020

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy of Kazakhstan, providing food and economic security, as well as the labor potential of the country. Increasing the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products and products of its processing is closely related to the need to promote and position domestic products both in the domestic market and export markets. The analysis of the state of the Kazakh market of agricultural products at the present stage is carried out and alternative strategies are proposed to increase production efficiency based on the digitalization and sustainability of agriculture.
A Model of the Causal Relationships between the Factors Influencing the Performance of Green Organizations Managing Energy-Saving Buildings in Bangkok and Vicinity
Authors: PATARAMETAGUL Witaya , POPRADIT Ananya , PAKVILAI Nisa , SHOOSANUK Ampon
Published: December 2020

The objectives of the present study were (1) to develop a model of the causal relationships between the factors influencing the performance of green organizations (GPM) managing energy-saving buildings in Bangkok and vicinity and (2) to evaluate the consistency between the model constructs and empirical data. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. For the quantitative approach, a survey questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 456 representatives of green organizations managing energy-saving buildings in Bangkok and vicinity. As regards the qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted to validate the conceptual framework developed for this research. Then the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, including a structural equation analysis and a Chi-square test. The findings were as follows. First, environmental leadership and environmental innovations had a positive effect on the organizational culture of the green organizations. Also, the environmental management, environmental leadership, environmental innovations, and organizational culture of the green organizations exerted a positive impact on their competitive advantage. In addition, the organizational culture and competitive advantage of the green organizations wielded a positive influence on their performance. Finally, the constructs of the structural equation model were consistent with the empirical data at a satisfactory level with the 2 value of 453.977, the df value of 452, the 2/df of 1.004, the p-value of 0.465, the goodness of fit index (GFI) value of 0.946, the adjusted GFI, or AGFI, value of 0.925, and the root mean square error of estimation (RMSEA) value of 0.003.
Technical Equipment of Agriculture and the Problems of the Agricultural Sector Rehabilitation in the Context of Kazakhstan and Mongolia
Authors: TOKENOVA S. M. , КULEKESHOVA A. B. , AYTKHOZHINA А. Е.
Published: December 2020

Today, not only large agro-industrial structures are engaged in the production of agricultural products in the Republic of Kazakhstan, but also medium-sized commodity producers and farming enterprises, whose contribution to the volume of gross production annually grows by an average of 10%. Agriculture today has a significant impact on the entire socio-economic situation in the region. In the regional economy, the share of agriculture in the production of the gross domestic product is 33.8%, and its share in the republican production is 17.2%. The basis of agro-industrial production is grain farming. The main challenging issues of commodity producers in Kazakhstan are presented. Low-reliability rates of agricultural machinery are observed. The cars of the CIS republics are inferior to the best foreign alternatives by 3-5 and more times.

The sustainable development of agriculture largely depends on the level of its technical equipment. The article assesses the current state of technological infrastructure on materials of agricultural organizations of Kazakhstan and Mongolia from the perspective of their availability, the structure of fixed production assets, the wear-and-tear indicators of farming equipment are shown. Therefore, the problem of the agricultural machinery renewal is one of the most relevant and topical issues, since it is difficult to be competitive in the country without modern and updated equipment.

Based on the analysis, the necessity to strengthen government incentives for technical support is substantiated as a necessary condition for overcoming the agrarian crisis. In turn, the support for updating the technological capacity of agricultural organizations will affect the effectiveness of all other types of state support.
Investment, Organizational and Environmental Aspects of Regulation of Small and Medium Business
Authors: KRIKUNOV Arseniy , UTEUBAYEVA Ainur , NAZHMIDENOV Berik , KABIEV Ansar , SYZDYKOVA Kulyash , BAIBASHEVA Gulnara
Published: December 2020

The development of small and medium-sized businesses, which is the main source of employment, attracting investments, the foundation for building a competitive economy, is one of the main priorities for the development of the national economy. In European countries, it is SMEs, within which the middle class is formed, that are the basis of stability and economic prosperity. Increased air pollution negatively affects human health and ecosystem stability. This indicator makes it possible to assess the environmental impact of certain sectors, in particular: energy, transport, industry, agriculture and waste management. In this regard, the state is trying to take measures to maintain and improve the environment through financing and tightening environmental standards.
Rehabilitation Tourism Opportunities in the Russian Federation for Recovering COVID-19 Patients
Authors: OSADCHUK Mikhail A. , TRUSHIN Maxim V. , OSADCHUK Alexey M. , MIRONOVA Ekaterina D. , SOLODENKOVA Karina S. , LAZAREVA Alisa E.
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic determined the necessity for prompt diagnostics and optimal routing of patients, followed by rehabilitation and secondary prevention, as domestic tourism intensifies. The epidemic increased the importance of digital systems for the tourism service market. Digitalization took leading positions in the tourism industry and made market participants adapt to these changes for optimizing their activities and increasing revenues. Further development of tourism in Russia, giving the ongoing pandemic, would require digital technologies such as multilanguage informational services overcoming language barriers, digital tourist cards, mobile apps introducing cultural and national landmarks online, web services for preparing tourist routes. Judging from scientific and practical experience, we can expect that medical, social, physical and psychological rehabilitation supervised by medical personnel will improve body functioning including heart, lungs, central nervous system as well as restore patients’ quality of life in general.
The Effect of Forward Leaning and Pursed Lips Breathing Exercises on The Value of Oxygen Saturation in Adult Smokers
Authors: Amin Muhammad Nurul , Setiawati Erna , Putri Rahmi Isma Asmara , Hendrianingtyas Meita
Published: December 2020

Background: Smoking which is a lifestyle trend continues to increase and take its toll each year. Cigarettes have chemical compounds. Which has toxic and carcinogenic effects that can cause respiratory, cardiovascular, and other irritants. This can affect the distribution of oxygen to the body tissues. Forward leaning and PLB exercises can help maximize breathing thereby improving tissue oxygen distribution. Objective: To determine the differences in oxygen saturation of adult smokers before and after practice forward leaning and pursed lips breathing.Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental method with two group pre-post test design. The research subjects were 20 male respondents, the place of implementation at the Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang. Research procedures included CKD and PLB exercises in the respondent group.Results: Analysis using the Wilcoxon test obtained significant results, with p values <0.05 on acute and chronic effects after CKD and PLB exercises were performed on 20 respondents Conclusion: A significant result in the oxygen saturation value of the group with PLB and CKD treatment with the PLB group before and after exercise on acute and chronic effects in adult smokers
A Review on Role of Arecoline and Its Metabolites in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Oral Lesions with an Insight into Current Status of Its Metabolomics
Authors: Das Aparajita , Giri Sarbani
Published: December 2020

Areca nut consumption is a popular habit in Southeast Asian countries. One of the important biologically active alkaloids of areca nut is arecoline, which plays a role in mediating the development of several pathologies of the primary exposure site, the oral cavity. Studies on the metabolism of arecoline revealed the formation of several metabolites which themselves might be toxic. Moreover, polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of arecoline might predispose an organism towards the development of oral cancer. The present review tries to accumulate all the relevant existing literature and then elucidate the molecular mechanism by which arecoline plays a role in the development of oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer. Existing information regarding arecoline metabolism, enzymes involved in the metabolic process and biological effects of the metabolites of arecoline have also been compiled and compared to study the toxicity of metabolites with its parent compound arecoline and whether they play any role in the pathogenesis of oral cancer mediated by areca nut consumption. A repertoire of molecular targets has come up in the discussion whose expression profile is perturbed by arecoline. Construction of induction cascade from existing literature has given an idea about the process of molecular pathogenesis. The summarized and analysed data can help to determine the molecular mechanism and drug targets, which in turn could be helpful in the prevention or treatment of these pathological conditions. It also brings into light areas where further research needs to be directed.
Association Study of MBL2 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Tuberculosis in Southeast of Iran
Authors: Taheri Mohsen , Karimloo Rezvan , Sarani Hosna , Molashahi Behrouz , Naderi Mohammad , Bahari Gholamreza , Hashemi Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an acute phase protein which recognizes the pathogens through its carbohydrate recognition domain. It is an important part of human innate immunity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of MBL2 polymorphism on pulmonary tuberculosis in a number of patients from the southeast of Iran. In this case-control study, 2 MBL gene polymorphisms (rs1800450, rs7095891) were genotyped using PCR-RFLP method and polymerase chain reaction for detection of 34bp ins/del of MBL2 gene (rs777980157) polymorphism. The study included 170 patients with PTB (pulmonary tuberculosis) and 175 control subjects. The findings indicated that the GA (GA vs. GG: OR=0.172, 95% CI=0.107–0.275, P<0.001) (OR – odds ratio; CI – confidence interval) genotype as well as GA+AA (GA+AA vs. GG: OR=0.191, 95% CI=0.120–0.302, P<0.001) genotype of rs1800450 reduced the risk of PTB compared to GG genotype. The rs7095891 variant significantly decreased the risk of PTB in codominant (GA vs. GG: OR=0.118, 95% CI=0.054–0.258, P<0.001; and AA vs. GG: OR=0.029, 95% CI=0.01–0.082, P<0.001), dominant (GA+AA vs. GG: OR=0.095, 95% CI=0.044–0.207, P<0.001) and recessive (AA vs. GA+GG: OR=0.172, CI=0.081–0.365, P<0.001) inheritance models. No significant relationship was identified between the rs777980157 variant and PTB risk/protection. In conclusion, we found that the MBL2 rs1800450 and rs7095891 polymorphisms provide relative protection against PTB. Additional studies on larger populations with different ethnicities are required to verify our findings.
A Severe Case of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in a Previously Healthy Woman: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
Authors: Angelova Petya , Brock Robert , Negoescu Alexandra-Teodora , Schmitt Lara-Marie , Meißner Julia , Dietrich Sascha , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Novotny Jan Philipp
Published: December 2020

Anaplastic large cell lymphomas are an aggressive subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphomas that can manifest with a variety of symptoms. Our case highlights the importance of prompt tissue sampling, especially if an associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is detected and no clinical improvement is observed upon glucocorticoid treatment.
Antynomie Trzeciego w myśli Emmanuela Lévinasa
Authors: Kalaga Wojciech
Published: December 2020

The ethics of Emmanuel Lévinas – the idea of asymmetrical, unconditional responsibility for and devotion to the Other – is founded on the dichotomy between the Same (I) and the Other. The objective of the article is to demonstrate that, in spite of this dichotomous foundation, Lévinas’s argument paradoxically eludes the binary logic of the Western logos. Employing the ‘close reading’ method with Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence, the author shows how Lévinas’s way of thinking and the main concepts of his argument situate themselves beyond binary oppositions – in the realm of the excluded middle or, otherwise, in the realm of the Third, construed as transgression of dichotomies. The main argument is preceded by a discussion of the antinomies introduced into the I-Other relation by the appearance of the Third construed as the Third Party (le tiers).
Possible Worlds of Planet Solaris: The Reader’s Consciousness in the Condition of Indeterminacy
Authors: Grebeniuk Tetiana
Published: December 2020

The article examines the specifics of the reader’s reception of Stanisław Lem’s novel Solaris in the context of indeterminacy, and the openness of the work to interpretation. The paper examines literary approaches to the formation of meaning in the process of reading this novel, in particular those implemented in Manfred Geier and Istvan Jr. Csicsery-Ronay works. Marie-Laure Ryan’s adaptation of the theory of possible worlds to literary analysis is employed as the methodological basis of my research. On the one hand, the effect of indeterminacy corresponds to the fantastic nature of the conditionality of Lem’s novel. Indeed, the key issue of the work – the encounter of humans with the unknown – requires the author to apply the potential of secrecy. On the other hand, this highly literary work (as well as Andrei Tarkovsky’s film adaptation) is endowed with multiple and ambiguous semantic codes that appeal to the depths of human consciousness and the unconscious. These codes cannot be interpreted unambiguously and, therefore, also provoke a state of uncertainty in the reader. In the textual actual world, semantic codes produce indeterminacy. They are linked to the essence of the single inhabitant of the Solaris, the Ocean, and phantoms created by it who visit the Station. In the novel protagonist’s Kris Kelvin personal world, the state of indeterminacy is associated with the existential essence of his relationship with his beloved Rheya and the problem of making contact with extraterrestrial intelligence. The surreal imagery of Kris’s dreams and visions provide for possible interpretations of the semantic codes of his world.
Orbita oka. Melancholia wzroku w Sedanie Pawła Hertza i w Drewnianym koniu Kazimierza Brandysa
Authors: Kozłowska Izabela
Published: December 2020

The article concerns the way in which the eye topos functions in Paweł Hertz’s Sedan and Kazimierz Brandys’ The Wooden Horse, works representing Polish literature of retribution written in the 1940s. The role of the process of seeing is interpreted by means of the category of melancholy, and the protagonists in these works are presented as melancholics. Standing in front of a window or in the quiet of European museums, members of the intelligentsia do not so much focus on passive contemplation but rather protest against History. The desire to constantly use the eyes has an existential and political sense. Recognition of the phenomenon of a melancholic gaze in the literature of retribution enriches the traditional interpretation of this trend in literature by lending it a new context and allowing rehabilitation of the intellectuals portrayed in it.
Postmodernizm jako kryzys mentalny
Authors: Igoriewicz Tiupa Walerij
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the crisis situation of postmodernism. The author assumes that the crisis of postmodernism is a historical process phenomenon and therefore inevitable. The postmodernism of the last decades of the 20th century is presented as most probably the last crisis of the post-rhetoric formation in its culture-creating productivity. The author believes that the recessive reconstruction of the dominant role of authority’s discourse with its imperative, legislative and regulatory competencies, or neo-rhetorical breakthrough of the convergent mentality leading to the domination in people’s spiritual lives as more or less likely scenarios for the further development of the historical situation together with the surging globalism of the human civilization may prove to be universally significant. Moreover, the author focuses on the media tools used to carry out each discursive formation. Those tools open up unique possibilities for executing the neo-rhetorical impulse towards the universal solidarization of life.
Literatury staropolskiej „budowa ciała” i „usposobienie, temperament”
Authors: Obremski Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

The text is a review of the Dariusz Śnieżko’s book Kompleksja literatury. Studia staropolskie (The Complexion of Literature. Old-Polish Studies) (TAiWPN UNIVERSITAS, Krakow 2019). The only serious doubt regards the sound of the title (readers might not know the word “complexion”). Kompleksja literatury is a fascinating book. For whom? – certainly students of Old-Polish literature (and it will be also inspiring for scholars of the next historical and literary epochs). What? – revealing the most important dimensions of Old-Polish literature. Why? – because in works published so far the scant use of source texts proves to be representative of the most general material remaining of Old-Polish literature in its intertwining of anthropology and dialectics of orality and literacy.
Georges Bataille – wypowiedzieć Niemożliwe
Authors: Kruszelnicki Michał
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses Georges Bataille’s endeavor to express “the Impossible” by means of specific language employed first and foremost in his works of literary fiction (L’Histoire de l’oeil (Story of the Eye), Madame Edwarda, Le bleu du ciel (Blue of Noon). This is carried out by first providing a general outline of Bataille’s philosophical thought with due attention drawn to the aporias that open up before all projects of heterology inasmuch as they seek to both approximate and communicate the experiences that elude rational thought and language which traditionally works at its service. What follows is a description and explication of the literary and performative means which Bataille employs in his fiction in order to authenticate his depictions of the “inner experience” and the figure of “the Impossible”. Several of the most prominent theoretical approaches to the specificity of Bataille’s transgresssive écriture are referred to and further contrasted with the philosopher’s consistent dissatisfaction with the limitations that language and rational, sense-oriented thought poses to the task of voicing the essence of the “inner experience”. The article concludes with the argument that even literature cannot free itself from pragmatic utility resulting from the structural limitations of language. What literature can achieve, however, is to point to the Impossible and inexpressible, and endlessly invoke and respond to it. Regarded in this way, Bataille’s revelatory language can be considered in a wider, French poststructuralist context, which emphasises the position of Heidegger as a reference point for Derrida and Blanchot.
„Niebo trzecie” księdza Piotra. Szkic komparatystyczny
Authors: Fiećko Jerzy
Published: December 2020

The author analyses the function of the “Third Heaven” motif, which appears at the end of the fifth scene in Mickiewicz’s drama, Forefathers’ Eve Part III - this is where the Angels decide to take the soul of the sleeping priest Peter, one of the main characters in this work, for a short time. The author questions the inspiration that the poet might have drawn from St. Paul’s 2nd Letter to the Corinthians and from the writings of theosophers such as Jakob Boehme (especially Aurora or Rising at Dawn) and Emanuel Swedenborg (his treatise on Heaven and Hell), in which the theme of a “Third Heaven” played an important role. Research has already drawn attention to these relationships. Making a conditional, historically probable assumption that the influence of these works has had a significant impact on the formation of the supernatural world in Mickiewicz’s drama, the author considers the semantic-ideological consequences that would result from placing a monk’s soul in the “Third Heaven” in St. Paul’s, Boehme’s and Swedenborg’s versions, respectively. In conclusion, the author formulates the thesis that greatest number of arguments can be advanced in favour of a connection with Swedenborg’s concept, although this does not settle the matter definitively.
Wybrane parametry postaw religijnych młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej wykluczającej Transcendencję
Authors: Soiński Borys Jacek
Published: December 2020

W artykule analizowano zależności między wybranymi aspektami postaw religijnych uczniów szkół ponadgimnazjalnych (N = 216). Problem badawczy brzmi: Czy postawy religijne młodzieży wykluczającej Transcendencję są wewnętrznie spójne? Wykorzystano The Post-Critical Belief Scale D. Hutsebauta, Dyferencjał semantyczny Ch. Osgooda oraz Skalę Praktyk Religijnych W. Chaima. Analiza skupień (Quick Cluster) pozwoliła wyróżnić cztery grupy o odmiennych stylach myślenia o religii: uczniów afi rmujących Transcendencję w sposób pogłębiony (N = 46), interpretujących Transcendencję symbolicznie (N = 48), afi rmujących pasywnie Transcendencję (N = 81) oraz wykluczających Transcendencję (N = 41). Różnice między wyróżnionymi grupami dotyczą konotacji postaw religijnych. Osoby wykluczające Transcendencję odnoszą się do Boga, papieża Benedykta XVI czy własnego katechety w sposób bardziej zdystansowany emocjonalnie niż młodzież wierząca. Jednakże postawy wobec św. Jana Pawła II oraz papieża Franciszka mają konotacje bardzo pozytywne także u osób niewierzących, co wynika raczej ze znaczenia socjokulturowego tych postaci, a nie jest przejawem religijności. Osoby wykluczające Transcendencję charakteryzują się znacząco niższym poziomem praktyk religijnych niż pozostałe, chociaż brakuje im konsekwencji, bo dość regularnie uczęszczają na msze (50%) motywowani głównie wpływem najbliższego otoczenia. Konformizm ten nie dotyczy jednak praktyki osobistej modlitwy czy przystępowania do komunii.
Vidnesbyrdlitteraturens stille stemmer
Authors: Karlskov Skyggebjerg Anna
Published: December 2020

The Silent Voices of Witness Literature. Refugee Crisis in Danish Children’s Literature since 2015

In 2015, Europe experienced the most massive refugee crisis since World War II. This crisis has been reflected in different kinds of art from poetry to picturebooks. In Denmark as well as in other countries, a number of children’s books has been published about the war in Syria and Syrian and other war refugees. These books have a common ground in sharing knowledge about violence, escape and death. Although fleeing is a known topic and the death of a child character is not an unusual event in children’s books (Clement and Jamali), it may be difficult or even controversial to address traumatizing war experiences and death in works for relatively young readers. Very few refugee children are able to tell their stories themselves since they are eithertoo small, displaced in language, traumatized or even dead (Nel). These children’s stories tend to be represented by others (authors and illustrators) who strive to imagine and bear witness to their situation in an artificial language. In this article, three Danish children’s books by widely acknowledged authors and illustrators are chosen as examples of fictional interpretations of refugee children’s experiences. The texts are diverse in genres and target groups and the stories are told with different levels of realism and fantasy, but they are allconnected to the same theme and context. What and how do these contemporary authors and illustrators tell us about refugees and their experiences, and how are they able to represent or bear witness to the experiences of the child victims who are silenced? The theoretical background of this study is Giorgio Agamben’s theory about witness literature and lacunas in language (Agamben; Engdahl ”Philomelas tunge”).
Risk Factors for Intraoperative Pressure Injury in Aortic Surgery: A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Dong Yao , Liu Jun-E , Song Ling
Published: December 2020

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with an increased risk of intraoperative pressure injury in patients undergoing aortic surgery.

Background: Intraoperative pressure injuries are some of the most significant health problems in clinical practice. According to previous studies, patients undergoing aortic surgery are at high risk of developing an intraoperative pressure injury, with an incidence much higher than that associated with other types of cardiac surgery.

Design: This was a nested case-control study.

Methods: Following the STROBE checklist, a nested case-control approach was adopted in this study. A patient cohort was selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria from patients undergoing aortic surgery. Data were collected from these patients by means of a tailored questionnaire designed in-house. Patients with intraoperative pressure injury at the end of surgery were identified as the case group, while the control group consisted of patients without intraoperative pressure injury. Patients in the groups underwent 1:1 matching based on age and sex. Initially, a single-factor analysis was conducted between the two groups. Subsequently, risk factors for intraoperative pressure injury were identified through conditional logistic regression analysis with use of the variables that exhibited statistically significant differences in the single-factor analysis.

Results: A total of 400 patients were selected. Among these, 167 patients experienced intraoperative pressure injury at an incidence rate of 41.8%. Strict preoperative bed confinement, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest during surgery, application of norepinephrine or dopamine during surgery, and intraoperative skin wetting were associated with the occurrence of intraoperative pressure injury in patients undergoing aortic surgery.

Conclusions: Nurses should thoroughly assess the risk of intraoperative pressure injury and implement appropriate preventative interventions, particularly in high-risk patients undergoing aortic surgery.
Neurocognitive and Synaptic Potentiation Deficits Are Mitigated by Inhibition of HIF1a Signaling following Intermittent Hypoxia in Rodents
Authors: Carney Rosalind S.E.
Published: December 2020

Highlighted Research Paper:A HIF1a-Dependent Pro-Oxidant State Disrupts Synaptic Plasticity and Impairs Spatial Memory in Response to Intermittent Hypoxia. Alejandra Arias-Cavieres, Maggie A. Khuu, Chinwendu U. Nwakudu, Jasmine E. Barnard, Gokhan Dalgin and Alfredo J. Garcia III
Starvation Responses Throughout theCaenorhabditis elegansLife Cycle
Authors: Baugh L Ryan , Hu Patrick J
Published: December 2020

Caenorhabditis elegans survives on ephemeral food sources in the wild, and the species has a variety of adaptive responses to starvation. These features of its life history make the worm a powerful model for studying developmental, behavioral, and metabolic starvation responses. Starvation resistance is fundamental to life in the wild, and it is relevant to aging and common diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Worms respond to acute starvation at different times in the life cycle by arresting development and altering gene expression and metabolism. They also anticipate starvation during early larval development, engaging an alternative developmental program resulting in dauer diapause. By arresting development, these responses postpone growth and reproduction until feeding resumes. A common set of signaling pathways mediates systemic regulation of development in each context but with important distinctions. Several aspects of behavior, including feeding, foraging, taxis, egg laying, sleep, and associative learning, are also affected by starvation. A variety of conserved signaling, gene regulatory, and metabolic mechanisms support adaptation to starvation. Early life starvation can have persistent effects on adults and their descendants. With its short generation time, C. elegans is an ideal model for studying maternal provisioning, transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, and developmental origins of adult health and disease in humans. This review provides a comprehensive overview of starvation responses throughout the C. elegans life cycle.
John W. (Jan) Drake: A Biochemical View of a Geneticist Par Excellence
Authors: Reha-Krantz Linda J , Goodman Myron F
Published: December 2020

John W. Drake died February 2, 2020, a mathematical palindrome, which he would have enjoyed, given his love of “word play and logic,” as stated in his obituary, and echoed by his family.....
Patógenos bacterianos y su resistencia a los antimicrobianos en los cultivos de tilapia en Guatemala
Authors: García-Pérez Josué , Ulloa-Rojas Juan B. , Mendoza-Elvira Susana
Published: December 2020

Este estudio muestra el trabajo realizado durante el año 2018-2019, donde se identificaron los principales patógenos bacterianos que afectan los cultivos de la tilapia en Guatemala, al mismo tiempo se evaluó la resistencia a los antibióticos de mayor uso en la industria acuícola de esta zona.  Se recolectaron peces con peso de 50 a 1 000 g, en diversos centros de producción. Por cada organismo se registró la signología macroscópica externa e interna más frecuente, posteriormente se aislaron muestras bacteriológicas de fluido sanguíneo, úlceras y otras áreas hemorrágicas, riñón anterior, bazo, meninges, hígado y corazón. Las bacterias patógenas aisladas fueron identificadas a nivel de especie, a través de pruebas bioquímicas. Finalmente se evaluó la susceptibilidad con los antibióticos: oxitetraciclina (40 µg), florfenicol (40 µg), enrofloxacina (40 µg) y fosfomicina (40 µg) por el método de difusión de disco. Los organismos evidenciaron, en su mayoría, ulceras cutáneas, áreas hiperémicas, melanización corporal, hígado pálido y friable, vasculitis en hígado, congestión y hemorragia intestinal. Se lograron aislar 16 cepas bacterianas patógenas para la tilapia, los géneros más frecuentes fueron: Aeromonas (70 %: 3 spp), seguido por Plesiomonas, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Shewanella y Streptococcus (6 %: 1 sp). Se observó que las cepas bacterianas aisladas mostraron resistencia hacia los antibióticos oxitetraciclina (25 %) y fosfomicina (25 %). Todas las cepas bacterianas aisladas evidenciaron sensibilidad a florfenicol y enrofloxacina. La determinación de los patógenos más frecuentes, así como su resistencia antimicrobiana en la industria acuícola, es el primer reporte que se genera para Guatemala.
Lineamientos para la realización de procedimientos en Odontoestomatología durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en el seguro social de salud del Perú (EsSalud)
Authors: Chavez-Rimache Lesly , Taype-Rondan Alvaro , Timaná-Ruiz Raúl , Garavito Farro Héctor
Published: December 2020

La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. En los entornos odontoestomatológicos existe un riesgo elevado de transmisibilidad por COVID-19, debido al contacto cercano entre el profesional de la salud y el paciente; y al uso de instrumentales rotatorios de alta velocidad que generan una elevada cantidad de aerosoles. Esto ha conllevado a centrar la atención en los casos de urgencia o emergencia y posponer los tratamientos electivos. Por este motivo, el Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación (IETSI) del Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud) ha emitido lineamientos sobre la realización de procedimientos en Odontoestomatología en el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19, las cuales se resumen en el presente artículo. Se incluyen dos flujogramas de evaluación y manejo.
Primer registro documentado del Zorzal de Dorso Rojizo, Catharus fuscescens (Aves : Turdidae) para Loreto, Perú
Authors: Fong Rengifo Esteban Eduardo , Mandujano Collantes Jhon Raul , Velásquez Ruiz Estrella Miah , Muñoz Pizango Giria Estela , Saravia Llaja Keyko Geraldy
Published: December 2020

El 5 de octubre del 2019 se capturó un individuo de Catharus fuscescens, como parte de los muestreos mensuales del proyecto Monitoreo de las poblaciones de avifauna en el departamento de Loreto – Perú realizado por el Observatorio de Aves Loreto - LBO en la comunidad de San Rafael, distrito de Indiana, departamento de Loreto. Esta captura representa el primer registro documentado de C. fuscescens para el departamento de Loreto, confirmando la condición sugerida de migrante raro en el extremo noreste del Perú en su paso hacia el sur durante su migración hacia Sudamérica.
Crianza de Leptotes callanga (Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae : Polyommatinae) sobre Genista monspessulana (Fabaceae introducida de origen mediterráneo) en el Sur de Perú
Authors: Faynel Christophe , González-Mercado Jhon Harryson
Published: December 2020

La estación científica de Wayquecha se sitúa en el departamento de Cusco, en el sudeste de Perú, a una altitud de 2900 m (13°10.506'S - 71°35.210'W). En esta estación, encontramos una oruga de Leptotes callanga (Dyar, 1913) (Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae : Polyommatinae), alimentándose de flores de Genista monspessulana (L.) L.A.S. Johnson (Fabaceae), una planta no nativa, de origen mediterráneo. La crianza permitió obtener una hembra adulta de L. callanga. La oruga en el último estadio y la crisálida se describen e ilustran. Se comenta la adaptación de esta especie a una nueva planta.
Liquenobiota saxícola del nevado Pastoruri (Áncash, Perú)
Authors: Ramírez Ángel , Valencia Niels
Published: December 2020

Se presentan los resultados de las evaluaciones de la liquenobiota saxícola del nevado Pastoruri (Cordillera Blanca, departamento de Áncash) realizadas en los meses de septiembre de los años 2011 y 2012. La composición de la liquenobiota fue de 28 especies, agrupados en 19 géneros y 14 familias. Las familias Lecanoraceae, Parmeliaceae y Teloschistaceae presentaron el mayor número de géneros, mientras que los géneros Buellia, Lecanora y Umbilicaria registraron mayor riqueza de especies. Los líquenes de biotipo crustáceos fueron los dominantes (61% del total), seguido por los foliosos (32%) y fruticosos (7%).
SUNN HEMP (CROTALARIA JUNCEA) NODULATING BACTERIA CAPABLE FOR HIGH ANTAGONISTIC POTENTIAL AND PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION ATTRIBUTES
Authors: Maheshwari Narendra K. , Singh Raghvendra Pratap , Manchanda Geetanjali , Dubey R C , Maheshwari D K
Published: December 2020

Rhizobia and plant legumes have been potentially associated by an essential process symbiosis for biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). However, compatibility and responsible factors for symbiosis are poorly understood. The present study revealed the 55 indigenous rhizobacterial isolates from root nodules of Crotalaria juncea from three different agricultural regions/locations in North-east Indo Gangetic Plains (NE-IGP) Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Amongst them, strain NCR5, was screened as a resilient antagonistic isolate against Macrophomina phaseolina. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, it was identified as Rhizobium leguminosarum. Amplification of Nod gene proved it to be a nodulating strain. Phenotypically, NCR5 grew well within the temperature range 10-40 ºC and pH 5.5-9.0 as well as survived with 3.0% salt stress. Plant growth promotion characteristics were confirmed it as the best-performing PGP strain. The characteristics included phosphate solubilization, IAA production, siderophore production, HCN productions.
This study underwrote the Rhizobium leguminosarum NCR5 as a potential applicant for bioformulation to apply in the soil for promoting the PGP traits and. It can also be employed as fungicides against Macrophomina phaseolina in adverse soil types and environments.
INCIDENCE AND CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS BACTERIA IN BOVINE MILK
Authors: Sedky Doaa , Ghazy Alaa A. , Soliman Khloud A.
Published: December 2020

Milk is an essential source for the ingredients needed for infant growth and adult health. Healthy milk production is important for consumer safety. The aim of the present review article was to highlight on the incidence and control of the infectious bacteria in bovine milk. Raw bovine milk is considered as a vehicle for many infectious bacterial diseases such as Bovine Tuberculosis, Brucellosis, Leptospirosis and Mycoplasma infection. The main microorganisms which isolated from bovine milk in cows with mastitis were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus agalactiae, Pasteurella spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Early and accurate diagnosis is necessary for achieving successful control programs against the infectious bacteria in bovine milk. For successful control of the infectious bacterial diseases in bovine milk, it is mandatory to follow preventive measures such as proper hygienic procedures regarding animal husbandry and handling, providing the cows with balanced nutrition, following vaccination programs against bacterial diseases, reporting of the notifiable diseases to the health authorities, meticulous inspection of the consistency and color of milk and pasteurization of milk. Vaccination programs provide protection of dairy farm animals by preventing or reducing bacterial infections which in turn can help safeguard dairy industry. The main treatment protocol of bacterial diseases in dairy cows is by using suitable antibiotics, so it is necessary to carry out drug sensitivity test before choosing the proper antibiotic. However, multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a growing threat regards the management of infectious bacterial diseases. Therefore, the introduction of alternative antimicrobial agents such as herbal treatment, probiotics, nanoparticles, and stem cells therapy is of absolute necessity to guard against bacterial multidrug resistance. Also, animal vaccinations are important tools for protection against many infectious bacterial diseases affecting bovine milk.
APPLICATION OF SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH FOR INVESTIGATION OF PAN GENOME AND PHYLOGENETICS IN VARIOUS STRAINS OF ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM
Authors: Singh Dr.Pallavi , Verma Dipanshi
Published: December 2020

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, has been observed as an emerging human pathogen of public health importance and is commonly transmitted to humans by tick bites. The bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum has been known from decades to cause the disease, tick-borne fever (TBF) in domestic ruminants and cattles in various areas in northern Europe, China, Russian border and United Kingdom. In recent years, outbreak of A.phagocytophilum infection has enhanced multifold and is widely reported in I. persulcatus and engorged as D. silvarum ticks in north eastern regions of China. However, few genome sequences have been completed so far, thus observations on biological, ecological, and pathological differences between genotypes of this bacterium,are yet to be elucidated by molecular and experimental infection studies.
In our current work, We have investigated 4 completely sequenced Genomic strains of A.phagocytophilum using various insilico tools SPINE and AGENT to characterize the percentage of Core Genome, Accessory genome and Pan Genome of these species. Further, we have tried to characterize the serotype and find the resistance genes observed in these four strains using MLST and ResFinder tools available at centre of Genetic epidemiology, Denmark Technical University server. By application of ClustAGE tool, we have made a comparative assessment of accessory genes across these strains. Heatmaps using expression map of these 4 genomes was constructed to infer the conserved genes and variable genes across these strains. Our study led to conclusion that core genome across these strains varies from 1.43 Mbps to 1.47 Mbps and accessory genomes varies from 0.0410 Mbps to 0.0734 Mbps. Comparison of the Gene clusters led to conclusion that gene clusters led to core genome value of 318 and Pan Genome value of 1035. Our analysis characterizes the dominance of accessory genes during evolution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and lesser conservation of genes as there is a phylogenetic variation observed.
Quenching of singlet oxygen by natural and synthetic antioxidants and assessment of electronic UV/Visible absorption spectra for alleviating or enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic therapy
Authors: Fatima Kaneez , Masood Nusrat , Luqman Suaib
Published: December 2020

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the methods involved in cancer therapy exploiting singlet oxygen as a weapon to kill cancer cells. Singlet oxygen, a bizarre reactive oxygen species as it is not related to electron transfer to O2 but it is one of the most active intermediate involved in biochemical reactions as it directly reacts with all the major macromolecules like DNA, protein, lipids etc, various photosensitized oxidations and in the photodegradation of dyes and polymers. Recent studies about the usage of antioxidant along with the photo-sensitizer involved in photodynamic therapy have shown concentration- dependent dual behavior like usually it retards the efficacy of PDT but at a higher dose mostly, it actually enhances the damaging effect of PDT. The natural and synthetic antioxidants are being used in our day to day life in order to increase the shelf life of various food ingredients and processed foods. In this paper, we have compared natural and synthetic antioxidants along with the known singlet oxygen quencher (DABCO) in order to understand the quenching potential of singlet oxygen (1O2) which is lowest electronically excited state of molecular oxygen. The singlet oxygen can be artificially generated through various methods such as sunlight, phosphate, ozonides, NaOCl & H2O2 etc. We have studied the mechanisms of the few antioxidant effects on the bleaching of RNO linked with the energy decay of 1O2 produced by the Mallet reaction (H2O2+HOCl → HCl+H2O+1O2). β-Carotene, α-Tocopherol, Ascorbic acid and Quercetin exhibited best dose-dependent singlet quenching  ranging from 92.3 to 56.5 % at 100μM among others. Overall singlet oxygen is a major concern of light-related properties so we have analyzed the theoretical aspect of electronic UV/visible absorption spectra of the antioxidants studied through ZINDO CI semi-empirical Hamiltonian method. We have compared only the first singlet state of molecules in order to understand whether the structure of the molecules has any influence on the quenching potential. Considering the main features associated with singlet states, we have seen a drastic correlation between known sensitizer of singlet oxygen, i.e. Rose Bengal and DABCO, known scavenger of singlet oxygen in terms of energy and wavelength. This study is important as it highlights the behavior of antioxidant which can improve the effects of photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy.
A Quality Improvement Initiative To Improve Postdischarge Antimicrobial Adherence
Authors: Gupta Sheena , Winckler Britanny , Lopez Michelle A. , Costilla Marco , McCarthy Jennifer , Wagner Jeffrey , Broderick Amanda , French Katherine , Le Brittany , Lo Huay-ying
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Bedside delivery of discharge medications improves caregiver understanding and experience. Less is known about its impact on medication adherence. We aimed to improve antimicrobial adherence by increasing on-time first home doses for patients discharged from the pediatric hospital medicine service from 33% to 80% over 1 year via creation of a discharge medication delivery and counseling “Meds to Beds” (M2B) program.

METHODS:

Using sequential plan-do-study-act cycles, an interprofessional workgroup implemented M2B on select pediatric hospital medicine units at our quaternary children’s hospital from October 2017 through December 2018. Scripted telephone surveys were conducted with caregivers of patients prescribed antimicrobial agents at discharge. The primary outcome measure was on-time administration of the first home antimicrobial dose, defined as a dose given within the time of the inpatient dose equivalent plus 25%. Process measures primarily assessed caregiver report of barriers to adherence. Run charts, statistical process control charts, and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

RESULTS:

Caregiver survey response rate was 35% (207 of 585). Median on-time first home antimicrobial doses increased from 33% to 67% (P < .001). Forty percent of M2B prescriptions were adjusted before discharge because of financial or insurance barriers. M2B participants reported significantly less difficulty in obtaining medications compared with nonparticipants (1% vs 17%, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The M2B program successfully increased parental report of timely administration of first home antimicrobial doses, a component of overall adherence. The program enabled providers to identify and resolve prescription problems before discharge. Importantly, caregivers reported reduced barriers to medication adherence.
Apuntes históricos sobre la facultad de ingeniería
Authors: Bateman Alfredo D.
Published: December 2020

El artículo presenta detalles históricos acerca de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Corrosión intergranular en aceros inoxidables
Authors: Forero Mora Álvaro
Published: December 2020

Con alguna frecuencia llegan al IEI consultas acerca de la posibilidad de que se presente este problema en ciertas instalaciones industriales. El siguiente es un estudio sobre dicho fenómeno.
Una nueva fórmula para la dureza Brinell
Authors: Cepeda Luis E.
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se presenta una fórmula sencilla para determinar la dureza Brinell.