bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Natural Convention to a Pseudoplastic Fluid in a Long Channel using a Semi-Implicit Scheme
Authors: Chinyoka Tiri
Published: March 2023

We develop and computationally analyze a mathematical model for natural convection to a non-Newtonian fluid in a long and thin channel. The channel is bounded by antisymmetric heated and cooled walls and encloses a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid. The flow and heat transfer characteristics are investigated subject to the prevailing buoyancy forces resulting from the combined natural convection and gravitational effects. An efficient and accurate semi-implicit finite difference algorithm is implemented in time and space to analyse the model equations. In the case when the fluid flow and heat transfer are sustained for a long enough time to allow for steady states to develop, the model equations would reduce to a boundary value problem. Even in such cases, we demonstrate that, by recasting the problem as an initial boundary value problem, our numerical algorithms would still converge in time to the relevant, steady-state solutions of the original boundary value problem. We also demonstrate the dependence of solutions on the embedded parameters at a steady state.
Registered Keyword Searchable Encryption Based on SM9
Authors: Zhang Haoyu , Qin Baodong , Zheng Dong
Published: March 2023

The SM9 algorithm is an Identity-Based Encryption (IBE) algorithm independently made by China. The existing SM9 searchable encryption scheme cannot be effective against insider keyword guessing attacks and violates users’ data privacy. This article utilizes the SM9 encryption method to propose a Registered Public Keyword Searchable Encryption based on SM9 (RKSE-SM9), which uses the SM9 user keys in the registration keyword algorithm. For RKSE-SM9 to generate the keyword ciphertext or trapdoor, a secure server must first register the keyword, which effectively and reasonably protects users’ data and resists honest and curious cloud servers. From there, we also utilize Beaver’s triple to construct an improved registered keyword generation algorithm, defining and proving that the improved algorithm satisfies the concept of indistinguishability against registration keywords, achieving a higher level of privacy. In addition, compared with existing SM9 searchable encryption, our scheme proved to guarantee better security while reducing the computational efficiency by only 1%; compared with the existing registered keyword searchable encryption scheme, the overall operational efficiency increases by 63%.
Reactor Temperature Prediction Method Based on CPSO-RBF-BP Neural Network
Authors: Tang Xiaowei , Xu Bing , Xu Zichen
Published: March 2023

A neural network model based on a chaotic particle swarm optimization (CPSO) radial basis function-back propagation (RBF-BP) neural network was suggested to improve the accuracy of reactor temperature prediction. The training efficiency of the RBF-BP neural network is influenced to some degree by the large randomness of the initial weight and threshold. To address the impact of initial weight and threshold uncertainty on the training efficiency of the RBF-BP combined neural network, this paper proposes using a chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm to correct the RBF-BP neural network’s initial weight and threshold, as well as to optimize the RBF-BP neural network to speed up the algorithm and improve prediction accuracy. The measured temperature of the reactor acquired by on-site enterprises was confirmed and compared to the predicted results of the BP, RBF-BP, and PSO-RBF-BP neural network models. Finally, Matlab simulation tests were performed, and the experimental data revealed that the CPSO-RBF-BP combined neural network model suggested in this paper had a root-mean-square error of 17.3%, an average absolute error of 11.4%, and a fitting value of 99.791%. Prediction accuracy and efficiency were superior to those of the BP, RBF-BP, and PSO-RBF-BP models. The suggested model’s validity and feasibility were established. The study findings may provide some reference values for the reactor’s temperature prediction.
Parallel Water Column Technique for Obtaining a Smooth Output Power of the Pump as a Turbine at a Variable Water Flow Rate
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Humza Muhammad , Yazdan Tanveer , Abbas Ghulam , Cho Han-Wook
Published: March 2023

Hydro generation is the simplest and oldest method of electricity generation, with a century of successful operation. Using a pump as a turbine (PAT) is an optimal solution for minimizing the cost, particularly in low-head and small-scale hydro plants. Commercially available centrifugal pumps have become a popular solution for small-scale hydro and pumped-hydro facilities owing to their simple geometry, ease of operation, maintenance, and abundant availability in local markets. Variations in the water flow in hydro facilities, such as pumped-hydro and small-scale hydro facilities, are common; however, a PAT is unable to respond to variable flows because it is a fixed-speed device. To overcome this problem, different techniques have been suggested by researchers: (a) a system of parallel PATs; (b) geometrical modifications in the impeller of the PAT; and (c) power electronics-based variable frequency drives. All the aforementioned techniques have limitations, such as low output, high cost, complexity, transportation, and operation and maintenance. In this study, a simple and economical technique is proposed to smooth the output of a PAT on variable/decreasing water flow profiles. In the proposed technique, water columns connected in parallel (PWCs) are used to produce a pressurized water flow, as they have a convergent nozzle at the outlet. The PWC creates more space for water, and this additional mass of water boosts the water flow at the outlet. In this manner, the PWC technique maintains the flow at the inlet of the turbine. A serial integration of five PWCs with the same dimensions was conducted to inject the additional flow into the existing PAT penstock, governing a 37-kW generator. The design flow was maintained at 192.1 L/s without any additional power usage at the inlet of the PAT, and the output was smoothed even at the minimum water flow/head. Pump design and computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed using ANSYS software, whereas generator simulations were performed using MATLAB/Simulink software.
Crude Oil Spills and Respiratory Health of Clean-Up Workers: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Abereton Pearl , Ordinioha Best , Mensah-Attipoe Jacob , Toyinbo Oluyemi
Published: March 2023

Background: We systematically reviewed the literature’s existing knowledge on crude oil spills and the respiratory health (RH) outcomes of clean-up workers. Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases to systematically review studies of crude oil spills and RH outcomes of clean-up workers published from 1 January 2001 to 30 June 2022. We excluded in vitro, animal, and household studies. Results: We identified 20 articles assessing the relationship between crude oil spills and RH outcomes of clean-up workers. Most studies were prospective and analytical, and fewer studies were cross-sectional studies. Most articles showed short- and long-term RH effects, with two articles refuting the adverse long-term RH effects and five articles showing no significant differences. Less than 50% of the articles assessed RH using spirometry. Studies on some independent oil spills (Hebei Spirit) were limited. Conclusion: There is a high level of exposure to crude oil spills by clean-up workers, which is associated with adverse RH effects. Integrated efforts are needed to curb the menace of oil spills, thereby reducing the adverse RH effects among this vulnerable population.
Slow Manifolds for Stochastic Koper Models with Stable Lévy Noises
Authors: Zulfiqar Hina , Yuan Shenglan , Saleem Muhammad Shoaib
Published: March 2023

The Koper model is a vector field in which the differential equations describe the electrochemical oscillations appearing in diffusion processes. This work focuses on the understanding of the slow dynamics of a stochastic Koper model perturbed by stable Lévy noise. We establish the slow manifold for a stochastic Koper model with stable Lévy noise and verify exponential tracking properties. We also present two practical examples to demonstrate the analytical results with numerical simulations.
Significance of Circulating Remnant Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Measured by Homogeneous Assay in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Matsushima-Nagata Kazumi , Matsumura Takeshi , Kondo Yuki , Anraku Kensaku , Fukuda Kazuki , Yamanaka Mikihiro , Manabe Masahiro , Irie Tetsumi , Araki Eiichi , Sugiuchi Hiroyuki
Published: March 2023

Remnant lipoproteins (RLs), which are typically present at high concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although an RL cholesterol homogeneous assay (RemL-C) is available for the measurement of RL concentrations, there have been no studies of the relationship between RemL-C and clinical parameters in T2DM. Therefore, we evaluated the relationships between RemL-C and CVD-related parameters in patients with T2DM. We performed a cross-sectional study of 169 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized at Kumamoto University Hospital. Compared with those with low RemL-C, those with higher RemL-C had higher fasting plasma glucose, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R), total cholesterol, triglyceride, small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C), and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, and ankle brachial pressure index (ABI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sdLDL-C and ABI were significantly and independently associated with high RemL-C. Although LDL-C was lower in participants with CVD, there was no difference in RemL-C between participants with or without CVD. Thus, RemL-C may represent a useful index of lipid and glucose metabolism, and that may be a marker of peripheral atherosclerotic disease (PAD) in male patients with T2DM.
Assessment of Metabolic Parameters in Female Triathletes with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis in Poland
Authors: Gierach Marcin , Junik Roman
Published: March 2023

Background: Hypothyroidism is a complex disorder characterized by an increase in body weight. About 15–30% of hypothyroid patients are reported to be overweight. The triathlon is an endurance combination sport that comprises a sequential swim, cycle, and run. Triathletes must withstand high training loads with various combinations of intensity and volume. Adequate body structure, the ratio of fat and muscle tissue, and adequate hydration play a huge role. The aim of our study was to show the potential differences in metabolic parameters assessed by medical Body Composition Analyzer before the initiation of treatment with L-thyroxine and after 3 and 6 months of treatment in females who practiced triathlon and who were newly diagnosed with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Methods: The study group included 32 females practicing triathlon. They were recruited for 10 months from March to December 2021. Analysis of anthropometric measurements was performed using a seca device mBCA 515 medical Body Composition Analyzer. Results: We observed significant differences in FM and VAT before and after L-thyroxine treatment. We also noticed lower BMI levels after treatment, along with significant differences in thyroid function tests (TSH and fT4) carried out during the recruitment period and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Conclusion: Due to their higher daily energy consumption, further research is needed into the treatment of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in athletes who practice triathlon. Frequent bioelectrical impedance analysis of body composition during treatment can be very helpful.
Discovering Themes in Deep Brain Stimulation Research Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Allen Ben
Published: March 2023

Deep brain stimulation is a treatment that controls symptoms by changing brain activity. The complexity of how to best treat brain dysfunction with deep brain stimulation has spawned research into artificial intelligence approaches. Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that uses computers to learn patterns in data and has many healthcare applications, such as an aid in diagnosis, personalized medicine, and clinical decision support. Yet, how machine learning models make decisions is often opaque. The spirit of explainable artificial intelligence is to use machine learning models that produce interpretable solutions. Here, we use topic modeling to synthesize recent literature on explainable artificial intelligence approaches to extracting domain knowledge from machine learning models relevant to deep brain stimulation. The results show that patient classification (i.e., diagnostic models, precision medicine) is the most common problem in deep brain stimulation studies that employ explainable artificial intelligence. Other topics concern attempts to optimize stimulation strategies and the importance of explainable methods. Overall, this review supports the potential for artificial intelligence to revolutionize deep brain stimulation by personalizing stimulation protocols and adapting stimulation in real time.
The Effects of Intrusion of Anterior Teeth by Skeletal Anchorage in Deep Bite Patients; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bardideh Erfan , Tamizi Golnaz , Shafaee Hooman , Rangrazi Abdolrasoul , Ghorbani Mahsa , Kerayechian Navid
Published: March 2023

Background: Deep bite is known as one of the most common malocclusions, and its treatment and retention are often challenging. The use of mini-screws has been suggested as an ideal method for the intrusion of incisors in deep-bite patients. Still, there are conflicting reports regarding the superiority of this method compared to other common treatments. Aim: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of the intrusion of anterior teeth by skeletal anchorage in deep bite patients. Methods: From the beginning to 15 September 2022, articles on the topic of interest were searched in electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane’s CENTRAL. Additionally, a hand search for pertinent studies and a search of the grey literature were carried out. After the selection of eligible studies, data extraction was performed using piloted forms. Inverse-variance random-effects meta-analyses were used to combine the outcome measures of dental indices, skeletal cephalometric indices, and dental cephalometric indices. Results: A total of 15 studies (6 RCT; 9 CCT) were included in the systematic review and 14 were used in the meta-analyses. The differences in overbite changes (MD = −0.45, p = 0.04), true incisor intrusion [u1-pp] (MD = −0.62, p = 0.003) and molar extrusion [u6-pp] (MD = −0.40, p = 0.01) were statistically significant and TADs showed better treatment results than other intrusion methods (segmented intrusion arch, utility arch, J hook headgear). No significant differences regarding overjet, molar and incisor tipping, and skeletal indices between mini-screw and other intrusion methods could be found. Conclusion: The use of mini-screws leads to lower overbite and higher true intrusion (about 0.45 and 0.62 mm, respectively) compared to the use of other methods for intruding upper incisors. Furthermore, the effect of TAD on extrusion of molar teeth is less (by 0.4 mm) than other methods.
Flow Diverter Device-Assisted Coiling Treatment for Cerebral Blister Aneurysm: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Feng Wei , Tian Xinhua , Kang Junlong , Han Zhaowei , Chen E
Published: March 2023

Although endovascular treatment is a promising approach, blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) still present treatment challenges. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of flow diverter device-assisted coiling (FDDAC) for the treatment of BBAs, which are broad based and friable with a high rebleeding risk. Eight patients (five females and three males) who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH) due to BBA ruptures between May 2020 and May 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. All patients were treated by flow diverter device (Tubridge) adjunctive coil embolization using a semi-deploying technique. The demographic information, angiographic data, interval between admission and treatment, materials, therapy, clinical outcomes (including periprocedural and intraprocedural mortality and morbidity), and follow-up results of all patients were reviewed. The mean age of the patients with BBAs was 48.5 years (range 31–62 years); aneurysm sizes ranged from 2.2 × 1.7 mm to 4.6 × 3.2 mm, and the median Hunt–Hess score was 3. All aneurysms were completely closed at follow-up, and all 8 patients had excellent clinical outcomes (modified Rankin scores = 0–2) at discharge. Angiograms showed complete aneurysm occlusion after 6 months to 1 year. In addition, there were no cases of re-rupture, re-treatment, or recurrence of the aneurysms. FDDAC is safe to use in patients with BBAs and provides an alternative treatment option for this disease.
Sources of Indoor Air Pollution in Schools in Kosovo
Authors: Ukëhaxhaj Antigona , Ramadani Naser , Moshammer Hanns , Zogaj Drita
Published: March 2023

There is increasing scientific evidence of the adverse health effects of indoor exposure to a collective mixture of chemicals in children. People spend 80–90% of their time indoors, breathing air that is often even more polluted than the air outside. This study presents results of school inspection and sampling of selected chemical pollutants—formaldehyde, benzene, and nitrogen dioxide—in classrooms and outdoors in ten schools in Kosovo, conducted by the National Institute of Public Health and the WHO. Nitrogen dioxide and benzene were most affected by outdoor concentrations and were too high in at least one school (NO2: >80 µg/m3, benzene: 1–2 µg/m3). Formaldehyde was significantly higher indoors than outdoors and higher in newer schools than older ones, but overall levels were not alarming (maximum around 20 µg/m3). CO2 levels during class indicated insufficient ventilation. The temperatures were occasionally too high during the cold season. This not only results in unnecessary energy wastage but also too low relative humidity. Improvements in air circulation and temperature control, as well as the identification and elimination of certain sources of pollution would improve the health and learning of school children.
Static Experimental Study on New Arc Multi-Tendon CFRP Cable Anchorage System
Authors: Jia Lijun , Yang Yuchen , Cong Xiao
Published: March 2023

CFRP has the potential to replace steel cables in large-span cable-stayed bridges due to its high strength and lightweight material properties. However, the weak lateral force performance of CFRP material creates the challenge of anchoring. This study introduces a new inner cone + arc + straight cylinder bond-type anchorage system to optimize CFRP tendons’ force state. Experimental and finite element analyses verified the new anchoring system’s performance. In static load tensile tests, six groups of seven CFRP tendon anchorage systems with different sleeve grooves were used to study the failure mode and load–strain variation law. The difference in mechanical properties between the new and traditional anchorage is evaluated in the finite element analysis. The results indicate that the new anchorage system can lower the stress concentration in the anchorage zone and enhance anchorage performance. The groove design of the sleeve can effectively increase the anchoring efficiency, where the groove depth is proportional to the anchoring efficiency and the groove spacing is inversely proportional to the anchoring efficiency. The magnitude of the stress inhomogeneity in the multi-tendon anchoring system during tensioning is proportional to the beginning conditions and the load size. When the inner wall of the sleeve becomes more abrasive, the force heterogeneity of the anchorage system reduces. The tests and finite element analysis show that the new anchoring may improve stress distribution and anchorage efficiency. In engineering practice, it can be utilized as a dependable anchorage system.
Reducing Falls from Heights through BIM: A Dedicated System for Visualizing Safety Standards
Authors: Tariq Ali , Ali Babar , Ullah Fahim , Alqahtani Fahad
Published: March 2023

Falls from height (FFH) are common safety hazards on construction sites causing monetary and human loss. Accordingly, ensuring safety at heights is a prerequisite for implementing a strong safety culture in the construction industry. However, despite multiple safety management systems, FFH are still rising, indicating that compliance with safety standards and rules remains low or neglected. Building information modelling (BIM) is used in this study to develop a safety clauses visualization system using Autodesk Revit’s application programming interface (API). The prototype digitally stores and views clauses of safety standards, such as the Operational Health and Safety Rules 2022 and Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction by NEBOSH 2008, in the BIM environment. This facilitates the safety manager’s ability to ensure that the precautionary measures needed to work at different heights are observed. The developed prototype underwent a focus group evaluation involving nine experts to assess its effectiveness in preventing FFH. It successfully created a comprehensive safety clause library that allows safety managers to provide relevant safety equipment to workers before work execution. It also enhances the awareness of construction workers of all safety requirements vis-à-vis heights. Moreover, it creates a database of safety standards that can be viewed and expanded in future by adding more safety standards to ensure wider applicability.
Compound Effects of Sodium Chloride and Gypsum on the Compressive Strength and Sulfate Resistance of Slag-Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: He Wei , Li Benxiao , Meng Xia , Shen Quan
Published: March 2023

Based on compressive strength, sulfate resistance, mass change, and relative dynamic elastic modulus tests, and XRD and SEM analysis, the effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) and gypsum on the mechanical properties and resistance to sulfate attack of slag-based geopolymer concrete activated by quicklime as well as the mechanism of action were studied. The results indicate that: (1) with appropriate dosages of NaCl or gypsum, the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete can be increased by 55.8% or 245.3% at 3 days and 23.9% or 82.3% at 28 days, respectively. When NaCl and gypsum are combined, Friedel’s salt, Kuzel’s salt, and NaOH are generated, and the strength is increased by 90.8% at 3 days, and 180.3% at 28 days. (2) With 2% NaCl alone, the mass loss is reduced from 5.29% to 2.44%, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus is increased from 0.37 to 0.41. When compounded with 7.5% gypsum, the mass is increased by 0.26%, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus is increased to 1.04. With a further increase of NaCl to 4%, the mass is increased by 0.27%, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus is increased to 1.09. The sulfate corrosion resistance coefficient of geopolymer concrete is increased from 0.64 to 1.02 when it is immersed with 7.5% gypsum alone for 90 days, and it can be further increased to 1.11 when compounded with 4% NaCl. (3) The geopolymer prepared with sodium chloride: gypsum: quicklime: slag = 4:7.5:13.5:75 can be used to replace 32.5 slag Portland cement in plain concrete. The cost and carbon emissions are reduced by 25% and 48%, respectively, and the sulfate corrosion resistance coefficient is higher by 38.8% than with slag Portland cement.
Analysis of the Conflicts in the Process of Industrial Building Renovation Based on Grounded Theory: A China Study
Authors: Han Lu , Fang Buqing , Feng Wei , Zhou Wangyue
Published: March 2023

With the transformation of industry in China, and industrial production changes from an incremental economy to a stock economy, a massive renovation of industrial buildings and intensification of renovation conflicts coexist. Industrial building renovation conflict seriously affects industrial building renovation. Based on the Grounded Theory, this paper selects Ningbo City as the research area and builds the “interest–situation–conflict” model through investigation and interview, exploring the reasons for conflicts and the influencing factors of industrial building renovation. Situational factors for three types of conflicts, namely, government–residents, government–enterprises, and residents–enterprises, are greatly affected by policies and systems, supervision and feedback, and different standpoints, respectively. Based on the “interest-situation-conflict” model, this paper analyzes the reasons for the conflicts among government, enterprises, and residents and puts forward countermeasures to solve nimby (not in my back yard) conflict, compensation conflict, development conflict, goals conflict, financial conflict, participation conflict, and conflict of interests and rights, so as to promote the renovation of industrial buildings.
Preclinical PET Imaging of Tumor Cell Death following Therapy Using Gallium-68-Labeled C2Am
Authors: Bulat Flaviu , Hesse Friederike , Attili Bala , Solanki Chandra , Mendichovszky Iosif A. , Aigbirhio Franklin , Leeper Finian J. , Brindle Kevin M. , Neves André A.
Published: March 2023

There is an unmet clinical need for imaging agents capable of detecting early evidence of tumor cell death, since the timing, extent, and distribution of cell death in tumors following treatment can give an indication of treatment outcome. We describe here 68Ga-labeled C2Am, which is a phosphatidylserine-binding protein, for imaging tumor cell death in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). A one-pot synthesis of 68Ga-C2Am (20 min, 25 °C, >95% radiochemical purity) has been developed, using a NODAGA-maleimide chelator. The binding of 68Ga-C2Am to apoptotic and necrotic tumor cells was assessed in vitro using human breast and colorectal cancer cell lines, and in vivo, using dynamic PET measurements in mice implanted subcutaneously with the colorectal tumor cells and treated with a TRAIL-R2 agonist. 68Ga-C2Am showed predominantly renal clearance and low retention in the liver, spleen, small intestine, and bone and generated a tumor-to-muscle (T/m) ratio of 2.3 ± 0.4, at 2 h post probe administration and at 24 h following treatment. 68Ga-C2Am has the potential to be used in the clinic as a PET tracer for assessing early treatment response in tumors.
HIPK2 in Angiogenesis: A Promising Biomarker in Cancer Progression and in Angiogenic Diseases
Authors: Garufi Alessia , D’Orazi Valerio , Pistritto Giuseppa , Cirone Mara , D’Orazi Gabriella
Published: March 2023

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood capillaries taking place from preexisting functional vessels, a process that allows cells to cope with shortage of nutrients and low oxygen availability. Angiogenesis may be activated in several pathological diseases, from tumor growth and metastases formation to ischemic and inflammatory diseases. New insights into the mechanisms that regulate angiogenesis have been discovered in the last years, leading to the discovery of new therapeutic opportunities. However, in the case of cancer, their success may be limited by the occurrence of drug resistance, meaning that the road to optimize such treatments is still long. Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2), a multifaceted protein that regulates different molecular pathways, is involved in the negative regulation of cancer growth, and may be considered a “bona fide” oncosuppressor molecule. In this review, we will discuss the emerging link between HIPK2 and angiogenesis and how the control of angiogenesis by HIPK2 impinges in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer.
Evaluation of Tazemetostat as a Therapeutically Relevant Substance in Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Bekric Dino , Neureiter Daniel , Ablinger Celina , Dobias Heidemarie , Beyreis Marlena , Ritter Markus , Jakab Martin , Bischof Johannes , Koller Ulrich , Kiesslich Tobias , Mayr Christian
Published: March 2023

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a gastrointestinal malignancy associated with a poor survival rate. Current therapies encompass palliative and chemotherapeutic treatment as well as radiation therapy, which results in a median survival of only one year due to standard therapeutic ineffectiveness or resistance. Tazemetostat is an FDA-approved inhibitor of enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a methyltransferase involved in BTC tumorigenesis via trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), an epigenetic mark associated with silencing of tumor suppressor genes. Up to now, there are no data available regarding tazemetostat as a possible treatment option against BTC. Therefore, the aim of our study is a first-time investigation of tazemetostat as a potential anti-BTC substance in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that tazemetostat affects cell viability and the clonogenic growth of BTC cells in a cell line-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found a strong epigenetic effect at low concentrations of tazemetostat, which was independent of the cytotoxic effect. We also observed in one BTC cell line that tazemetostat increases the mRNA levels and protein expression of the tumor suppressor gene Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1). Interestingly, the observed cytotoxic and epigenetic effects were independent of the mutation status of EZH2. To conclude, our study shows that tazemetostat is a potential anti-tumorigenic substance in BTC with a strong epigenetic effect.
Results of DUET: A Web-Based Weight Loss Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial among Cancer Survivors and Their Chosen Partners
Authors: Demark-Wahnefried Wendy , Oster Robert A. , Crane Tracy E. , Rogers Laura Q. , Cole W. Walker , Kaur Harleen , Farrell David , Parrish Kelsey B. , Badr Hoda J. , Wolin Kathleen Y. , Pekmezi Dori W.
Published: March 2023

(1) Background: A healthful diet, regular physical activity, and weight management are cornerstones for cancer prevention and control. Yet, adherence is low in cancer survivors and others, calling for innovative solutions. Daughters, dUdes, mothers, and othErs fighting cancer Together (DUET) is a 6-month, online, diet-and-exercise, weight-loss intervention to improve health behaviors and outcomes among cancer survivor-partner dyads. (2) Methods: DUET was tested in 56 dyads (survivors of obesity-related cancers and chosen partners) (n = 112), both with overweight/obesity, sedentary behavior, and suboptimal diets. After baseline assessment, dyads were randomized to DUET intervention or waitlist control arms; data were collected at 3- and 6-months and analyzed using chi-square, t-tests, and mixed linear models (α < 0.05). (3) Results: Retention was 89% and 100% in waitlisted and intervention arms, respectively. Dyad weight loss (primary outcome) averaged −1.1 (waitlist) vs. −2.8 kg (intervention) (p = 0.044/time-by-arm interaction p = 0.033). Caloric intake decreased significantly in DUET survivors versus controls (p = 0.027). Evidence of benefit was observed for physical activity and function, blood glucose, and c-reactive protein. Dyadic terms were significant across outcomes, suggesting that the partner-based approach contributed to intervention-associated improvements. (4) Conclusions: DUET represents a pioneering effort in scalable, multi-behavior weight management interventions to promote cancer prevention and control, calling for studies that are larger in size, scope, and duration.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) Reveals High Levels of Chromosomal Errors in In Vivo-Derived Pig Embryos, with an Increased Incidence When Produced In Vitro
Authors: Jochems Reina , Canedo-Ribeiro Carla , Silvestri Giuseppe , Derks Martijn F. L. , Hamland Hanne , Zak Louisa J. , Knol Egbert F. , Handyside Alan H. , Grindflek Eli , Griffin Darren K.
Published: March 2023

Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) is widespread, but controversial, in humans and improves pregnancy and live birth rates in cattle. In pigs, it presents a possible solution to improve in vitro embryo production (IVP), however, the incidence and origin of chromosomal errors remains under-explored. To address this, we used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based PGT-A algorithms in 101 in vivo-derived (IVD) and 64 IVP porcine embryos. More errors were observed in IVP vs. IVD blastocysts (79.7% vs. 13.6% p < 0.001). In IVD embryos, fewer errors were found at blastocyst stage compared to cleavage (4-cell) stage (13.6% vs. 40%, p = 0.056). One androgenetic and two parthenogenetic embryos were also identified. Triploidy was the most common error in IVD embryos (15.8%), but only observed at cleavage, not blastocyst stage, followed by whole chromosome aneuploidy (9.9%). In IVP blastocysts, 32.8% were parthenogenetic, 25.0% (hypo-)triploid, 12.5% aneuploid, and 9.4% haploid. Parthenogenetic blastocysts arose from just three out of ten sows, suggesting a possible donor effect. The high incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in general, but in IVP embryos in particular, suggests an explanation for the low success of porcine IVP. The approaches described provide a means of monitoring technical improvements and suggest future application of PGT-A might improve embryo transfer success.
Bile Acids and Biliary Fibrosis
Authors: Aseem Sayed Obaidullah , Hylemon Phillip B. , Zhou Huiping
Published: March 2023

Biliary fibrosis is the driving pathological process in cholangiopathies such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Cholangiopathies are also associated with cholestasis, which is the retention of biliary components, including bile acids, in the liver and blood. Cholestasis may worsen with biliary fibrosis. Furthermore, bile acid levels, composition and homeostasis are dysregulated in PBC and PSC. In fact, mounting data from animal models and human cholangiopathies suggest that bile acids play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of biliary fibrosis. The identification of bile acid receptors has advanced our understanding of various signaling pathways involved in regulating cholangiocyte functions and the potential impact on biliary fibrosis. We will also briefly review recent findings linking these receptors with epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Further detailed understanding of bile acid signaling in the pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis will uncover additional therapeutic avenues for cholangiopathies.
Advancements in Basic Zeolites for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification
Authors: Yang Guoju , Yu Jihong
Published: March 2023

The excessive utilization of petroleum diesel has led to the depletion of fossil resources and severe environmental pollution. Biodiesel produced from renewable triglycerides (TGs) or waste lipids is a low-emission fuel substitute for diesel. Biodiesel is mainly produced by transesterification reactions over homogeneous base catalysts with excellent activity and low cost. In comparison, solid base catalysts are more attractive due to their lower environmental impact and simpler production and purification processes. It remains a challenge to further improve the stability and activity of solid base catalysts. Because of the high surface area, superior stability, and tunable basicity, basic zeolites, especially two-dimensional zeolites, have emerged as promising solid basic catalysts for the transesterification of TGs. In this review, we present recent advancements in the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of basic zeolites for the transesterification of TGs. Challenges and development prospects of basic zeolites for biodiesel production via transesterification are also pointed out. We expect that this review will inspire the more efficient and rational design of zeolites for sustainable fuel production.
Biosensing Strategies Based on Particle Behavior
Authors: Miyagawa Akihisa , Okada Tetsuo
Published: March 2023

Micro/nanoparticles are widely used as useful biosensing platforms. Molecular recognition efficiently occurs on their surface, where ligand molecules are accumulated and, in some cases, well organized. The interactions that occur on or in the micro/nanoparticle significantly alter its physicochemical properties. Therefore, highly sensitive detection is possible based on such changes. Usual biosensors convert molecular or biological responses into optical or electrochemical signals. Particle-based biosensing can utilize a variety of other transducing mechanisms, including the changes in the levitation position of particles in physical fields, diffusion behavior, aggregation or dissociation, changes in the surface charge, and changes in size. We review the recent developments in biosensing based on various aspects of particle behavior.
Adverse Childhood Experience as a Risk Factor for Developing Type 2 Diabetes among the Jazan Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Oraibi Omar , Ghalibi Ali T. , Shami Mohammed O. , Khawaji Meshal J. , Madkhali Khalid A. , Yaseen Abdulrahman M. , Hakami Sultan M. , Alhazmi Nirmin H. , Mahla Khulud H. , Qumayri Marwah A. , Majrashi Khalid A. , Hummadi Abdulrahman , Madkhali Mohammed A. , Alhazmi Abdulaziz H.
Published: March 2023

Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), such as childhood abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction, prevent appropriate emotional, behavioral, and physical development. They are also a major public health issue, and have been debatably linked to chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is highly prevalent in Saudi Arabia, and various theories have been raised to explain the epidemiology of diabetes. However, few studies have discussed the relationship between ACEs and T2DM. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the association between ACEs and T2DM in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire distributed among patients with T2DM in a diabetes center. The t-test and Chi-Square test were used for comparison, and the p-value was set at <0.05 for significance. Results: A total of 579 participants were involved in this study, and 303 (52.33%) were female. Among the included participants, 45.25% were diagnosed with T2DM. About 28.71% of participants with diabetes experienced verbal abuse, 16.09% experienced physical abuse, and 30.91% reported that parents beat them. Additionally, 1.58% of participants with diabetes reported living with a family member who abused substances, 8.83% believed that no one would take them to the doctor even if essential, 12.62% of participants with diabetes felt that no one would protect them, and 23.03% reported that they felt no one in their family loved them. All reported ACEs were significantly associated with a high risk of T2DM (p < 0.05), and the more frequent the ACEs, the more the risk of T2DM (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: This study indicated that ACEs are significantly associated with the development of T2DM, and the risk increases with the frequency of ACEs, which aligns with other studies. Further national studies are required to understand how ACEs could contribute to T2DM, and preventive interventions in childhood must be considered to reduce the burden of T2DM.
Association between Family and School Pressures, Consumption of Ultra-Processed Beverages, and Obesity in Preadolescents: A School-Based Epidemiological Study
Authors: Gketsios Ioannis , Tsiampalis Thomas , Foscolou Alexandra , Kalafati Ioanna , Vassilakou Tonia , Kanellopoulou Aikaterini , Notara Venetia , Antonogeorgos George , Rojas-Gil Andrea , Androutsos Odysseas , Kornilaki Ekaterina , Lagiou Areti , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Kosti Rena
Published: March 2023

The aim of the present work was two-fold. Firstly, to evaluate the association between the consumption of ultra-processed beverages (UPB) on preadolescents’ likelihood of being obese. Secondly, to investigate the potential impact of family and school environmental stressors on this unhealthy lifestyle habit. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1718 Greek preadolescents and their parents, during the school years 2014 to 2016. Parental and child characteristics were collected anonymously, through self-administered and validated questionnaires. Among others, UPB consumption (soft and flavored drinks) was recorded, classifying children as low, moderate, or high consumers, while anthropometric characteristics [height, body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI)] were also recorded. Almost seven out of ten preadolescents were classified as at least moderate UPB consumers, while approximately three out of ten were classified as high UPB consumers. Higher UPB consumption was associated with significantly higher levels of BMI, while preadolescents living in a more stressful family and school environment were found to consume significantly higher amounts of UPB. Stakeholders should implement programs that raise awareness among parents and teachers about the sources of stress in preadolescence as a potential “triggering factor” of unhealthy dietary preferences.
Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Literature Review-Based Cohort
Authors: Costi Stefania , Germinario Sabino , Pandolfi Marco , Pellico Maria Rosa , Amati Andrea , Gattinara Maurizio , Chighizola Cecilia Beatrice , Caporali Roberto , Marino Achille
Published: March 2023

Background: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare autoinflammatory bone disorder that mainly involves children and adolescents. The association with other inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, and arthritis, has been reported in the literature. In particular, the relationship between bone and intestinal inflammation is still poorly understood. For this purpose, our review aims to describe the cases reported in the literature concerning this association and to compare them with data from our single-center cohort of patients. Methods: We conducted a literature review of published cases of CNO associated with IBD. Eligible articles were identified through a Medline search in the PubMed database until December 2022. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with CNO referred to G. Pini Hospital and compared them with the literature-review-based cohort. Results: Fifty-seven patients with a defined diagnosis of CNO and associated IBD were described in the literature (female 55%). The median age of onset of the disease (CNO or IBD) was 11 years. In 32/53 (60%), a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD) was made, while 18 (34%) patients were classified as suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC) and 3 (6%) from undifferentiated IBD. The diagnosis of CNO preceded the diagnosis of IBD in 59% of cases; while in 24%, IBD anticipated CNO; and in 17%, the two conditions appeared simultaneously. The median time between the two events was 24 months. In our Italian cohort (n = 23 patients), no diagnosis of IBD was made. No significant differences were found when comparing clinical and demographical characteristics of the Italian vs. review-based cohort, except for a significant involvement of rachis in the Italian group. Conclusions: The correlation between autoinflammatory bone disease and intestinal inflammation should be further investigated. It is essential to promote awareness among pediatric rheumatologists and gastroenterologists about this possible association to facilitate the diagnosis and better optimize treatment.
Regulation of SIRT1 in Ovarian Function: PCOS Treatment
Authors: Li Xinrong , He Yuxu , Wu Shuang , Zhang Peiwen , Gan Mailin , Chen Lei , Zhao Ye , Niu Lili , Zhang Shunhua , Jiang Yanzhi , Guo Zongyi , Wang Jinyong , Shen Linyuan , Zhu Li
Published: March 2023

The sirtuin family, a group of NAD+-dependent class 3 histone deacetylases (HDACs), was extensively studied initially as a group of longevity genes that are activated in caloric restriction and act in concert with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides to extend the lifespan. Subsequent studies have found that sirtuins are involved in various physiological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and insulin signaling, and they have been extensively studied as cancer genes. In recent years, it has been found that caloric restriction increases ovarian reserves, suggesting that sirtuins may play a regulatory role in reproductive capacity, and interest in the sirtuin family has continued to increase. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the existing studies and analyze the role and mechanism of SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family, in regulating ovarian function. Research and review on the positive regulation of SIRT1 in ovarian function and its therapeutic effect on PCOS syndrome.
A Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)-Based Biosensor Simulation Platform for Performance Evaluation of Different Constructional Configurations
Authors: Villarim Mariana Rodrigues , Belfort Diomadson Rodrigues , de Souza Cleonilson Protasio
Published: March 2023

Biosensors are a type of sensor that have gained prominence in recent years due to their advantages over traditional sensing methods, which are expensive and time-consuming. They are composed of two main parts: a recognizer bioelement and a transducer—both can be of different types depending on the desired application. An optical biosensor based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) achieves high sensitivity, is label-free and its multilayer construction allows an increase in the selectivity of the target analyte. As the choice of layers in SPR-based biosensors and the analysis of the obtained multilayer configuration is very difficult and expensive, in this work, we present an SPR-based biosensor simulation tool, developed through mathematical modeling, with an easy-to-use interface and several design options for calculating and analyzing the reflectance and angle of incidence of this type of device. The application, developed in Matlab, behaved as expected, offering the user the possibility to export data to Excel and becoming a useful alternative for mathematical analysis of SPR biosensors and its parameters, such as quality factor, detection accuracy and sensitivity.
Effect of Dopants on Laser-Induced Damage Threshold of ZnGeP2
Authors: Yudin Nikolay , Zinoviev Mikhail , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Slyunko Elena , Podzvalov Sergey , Voevodin Vladimir , Lysenko Alexey , Kalsin Andrey , Shaimerdenova Leyla , Baalbaki Houssain , Kalygina Vera
Published: March 2023

The effect of doping Mg, Se, and Ca by diffusion into ZnGeP2 on the optical damage threshold at a wavelength of 2.1 μm has been studied. It has been shown that diffusion-doping with Mg and Se leads to an increase in the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of a single crystal (monocrystal), ZnGeP2; upon annealing at a temperature of 750 °C, the damage threshold of samples doped with Mg and Se increases by 31% and 21% from 2.2 ± 0.1 J/cm2 to 2.9 ± 0.1 and 2.7 ± 0.1 J/cm2, respectively. When ZnGeP2 is doped with Ca, the opposite trend is observed. It has been suggested that the changes in the LIDT depending on the introduced impurity by diffusion can be explained by the creation of additional energy dissipation channels due to the processes of radiative and fast non-radiative relaxation through impurity energy levels, which further requires experimental confirmation.