bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Return to Work and Mortality in Breast Cancer Survivors: A 11-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yang Zhe-Yu , Chen Wei-Liang , Wu Wei-Te , Lai Ching-Huang , Ho Ching-Liang , Wang Chung-Ching
Published: November 2022

Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women, and it is a major cause of cancer death around the world. With the development of diagnostic methods and improvements in treatment methods, the incidence rate of breast cancer and the number of breast cancer survivors continue to simultaneously increase. We used national registry database to analyze the features that affect employment and return to work among breast cancer survivors. A total of 23,220 employees, who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer were recruited based on the Labor Insurance Database (LID), the Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR), and National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) during the period 2004–2015. The correlations between return to work (RTW) and independent confounding factors were examined using Cox proportional hazards model. Survival probability was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meir method. After adjusting for confounding variables, cancer stage, chemotherapy and higher income were significantly negatively correlated with RTW. Among breast cancer survivors, RTW was found to be related to a lower risk of all-cause mortality in both the unadjusted and fully adjusted model. Patients who had RTW exhibited better survival in all stages. Work-, disease- and treatment-related factors influenced RTW among employees with breast cancer. RTW was associated with better breast cancer survival. Our study demonstrates the impact of RTW and the associated factors on breast cancer survivorship.
Newspaper Reading in Families with School-Age Children: Relationship between Parent–Child Interaction Using Newspaper, Reading Motivation, and Academic Achievement
Authors: Choi Naya , Sheo Jiyeon , Jung Suji , Choi Jisu
Published: November 2022

The present study aims to observe the patterns of newspaper subscription and reading and further explore the structural relationship between parent–child interactions, children’s reading motivation, and academic achievement in families with school-age children. Online surveys were administered to 1361 parents of elementary students from grade 1 to 6 across South Korea. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS to conduct frequency analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping analysis. Results showed the following. First, 17.0% of households subscribed to a newspaper, 28.5% of parents read paper newspapers, and 97.1% of parents read online newspapers. Second, parent–child interaction using newspapers had an indirect effect on children’s academic achievement through the mediating effect of reading motivation. Overall results revealed the functions of newspaper as part of home literacy environment and the newspaper’s positive contribution to a child’s reading motivation and academic achievement.
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Hand Sanitizer Products Marketed to Children Available during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gloekler Lauren E. , de Gandiaga Elise J. , Binczewski Natalie R. , Steimel Katie G. , Massarsky Andrey , Kozal Jordan , Vincent Melissa , Zisook Rachel , LaGuardia Mark J. , Dotson Scott , Gaffney Shannon
Published: November 2022

Hand sanitizer use in the United States (U.S.) increased after the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released temporary manufacturer guidance, changing impurity level limits for alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHSs). Since the guidance took effect, the FDA has recommended against using these hand sanitizers due to concerns over safety, efficacy, and/or risk of incidental ingestion. To address current gaps in exposure characterization, this study describes a survey of ABHSs marketed to children available in the U.S., as defined by several inclusion criteria. A subset of ABHSs (n = 31) were evaluated for ethanol and organic impurities using a modified FDA method. Products with detectable impurity levels were compared to the FDA’s established interim limits. Seven children’s products had impurity levels exceeding the FDA’s recommended interim limits, including benzene (up to 9.14 ppm), acetaldehyde (up to 134.12 ppm), and acetal (up to 75.60 ppm). The total measured alcohol content ranged from 52% to 98% in all hand sanitizers tested, ranging from 39% below, and up to 31% above, the labeled concentration. Future studies should confirm impurity contamination sources. A risk assessment could determine whether dermal application or incidental ingestion of impurity-containing hand sanitizers pose any consumer risk.
Five-Compressions Protocol as a Valid Myotonometric Method to Assess the Stiffness of the Lower Limbs: A Brief Report
Authors: Bravo-Sánchez Alfredo , Abián Pablo , Sánchez-Infante Jorge , Ramírez-delaCruz María , Esteban-García Paula , Jiménez Fernando , Abián-Vicén Javier
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of a short assessment MyotonPRO protocol to measure the stiffness of the superficial muscles and tendons of the lower limbs. The stiffness of the dominant lower limb vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF) and patellar tendon (PT) was evaluated in 52 healthy participants (26.9 ± 3.4 years) with two MyotonPRO protocols: the standard protocol (10 mechanical taps) and the short protocol (five mechanical taps). The myotonometry was performed at the midpoint of the length from the upper pole of the patella to the greater trochanter for the VL, and to the anterior superior iliac spine for the RF. The PT was evaluated 1 cm caudal from the inferior pole of the patella. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationships between protocols. The validity of the short protocol was evaluated with Student’s t-test. High positive correlations were observed between the short and standard protocols in the stiffness of the VL (r = 0.959; p < 0.001), the RF (r = 0.967; p < 0.001) and the PT (r = 0.953; p < 0.001) and no differences were found between both protocols in the stiffness assessment of the VL, RF and PT (p > 0.05). Therefore, the five-compressions protocol is a valid protocol for the assessment of lower limb mechanical properties.
Plantar Fasciitis in Soccer Players—A Systemic Review
Authors: Noriega David C. , Cristo Ángel , León Alejandro , García-Medrano Belén , Caballero-García Alberto , Córdova-Martinez Alfredo
Published: November 2022

Soccer is one of the most popular sports in the world. Players often suffer a variety of injuries, the most common being injuries to muscles and tendons. It is striking that with soccer, being the most practiced sport, and considering that most injuries occur in the lower extremities, plantar fasciitis (PF) is not one of the most frequent injuries (at least in terms of clinical data collected). The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive update of the topic “plantar fasciitis” focusing on soccer players. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reportiog ltems for Systmiatic reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. PubMed, Cochrane Library and Scopus were researched. PICO (Patient, Population or Problem; Intervention; Comparison; and Outcome) components were identified. The keywords used were “plantar fasciitis”, “plantar fasciitis and sport”, “plantar fasciitis risk factors”, “plantar fasciitis soccer” and “plantar fasciitis football players”. With respect to the objective proposed for the research, we found eight specific articles focused on soccer. Of these, five were general reviews discussing the different methods of treatment of this pathology, and we have only found three studies that focused on PF in soccer, with two of them referring to a clinical case whereby the report and discussion only dealt with the specific treatment followed by the soccer player. After reviewing the manuscripts included in this work, we were surprised that there is no data in which the Silfverskiöld test was performed, as this test explores the passive mobility of the ankle and the degree of dorsiflexion in the supine position. We concluded that soccer players suffer pain in the sole of the foot compatible with plantar fasciitis; however, as indicated by Suzue et al., it is often not diagnosed because the athlete does not consider performing the clinical examinations necessary for its diagnosis. The shortage of reported publications in soccer may mask other PF-associated injuries.
Investigating the Relationship between Job Burnout and Job Satisfaction among Chinese Generalist Teachers in Rural Primary Schools: A Serial Mediation Model
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhou Shuyi , Zheng Wen , Wu Shiyong
Published: November 2022

Background: Job burnout has become a widespread phenomenon in school settings. However, little is known about the mental health condition of the growing cohort of generalist teachers in rural primary schools. Drawing on the job demands–resource model and social exchange theory, this study examines the correlation between job burnout and job satisfaction through perceived organizational support and work engagement. Methods: We recruited 639 Chinese generalist teachers in rural primary schools as the study subjects and developed a serial mediation model to assess the hypothesized construct. The data acquired online via Wenjuanxing Software were confirmed as valid and analyzed with SPSS and SmartPLS. Results: The participants scored above the median in perceived organizational support, work engagement, and job satisfaction, and had scores close to the median for job burnout. Statistically significant differences among the investigated variables were found in gender, age, experience, and degree. Job burnout was negatively predictive of perceived organizational support, work engagement, and job satisfaction (each p = 0.000). Perceived organizational support mediated the association between job burnout and work engagement (p = 0.000) and the connection between job burnout and job satisfaction (p = 0.000), while work engagement mediated the association between job burnout and job satisfaction (p = 0.000) and the association between perceived organizational support and job satisfaction (p = 0.000). Conclusions: Perceived organizational support and work engagement as two sequential mediators buffered the detrimental impact of job burnout on job satisfaction among Chinese generalist teachers in rural primary schools. Targeted strategies should be implemented to diminish generalist teachers’ feelings of burnout, being unsupported by organizations, disengagement at work, and dissatisfaction with the job.
Sense of Control and Depression during Public Health Restrictions and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Msetfi Rachel , Kornbrot Diana , Halbrook Yemaya J. , Senan Salha
Published: November 2022

Depression rates have increased significantly since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a number of factors implicated in this increase, including stress, fear, social isolation and the psychological impact of public health restrictions. The main purpose of the current cross-sectional survey study was to examine the relationship between the experience of public health restrictions, the sense of control and depression, both during and after restrictions were lifted. A survey methodology was chosen, with data collected in the Republic of Ireland at two time points (January 2022 and May 2022). Time 1 participants (n = 314) were invited to repeat the measures 5 months later, with 172 agreeing to be recontacted, and 47 participants completing all measures at two time points. Findings showed that both the sense of control, in relation to perceived constraints, w = 0.43, and the experience of restrictions, w = 0.14, predicted depression at Time 1. Participants were less likely to be depressed at Time 2 and had a stronger sense of control. The Time 1 sense of control through perceived constraints predicted depression at Time 2, w = 0.45. Overall, these data show that public health restrictions and the sense of control are linked and that the sense of control has a powerful and long-lasting effect on depression status in restricted conditions, even once these have been lifted.
The Role of Sleep Patterns from Childhood to Adolescence in Vigilant Attention
Authors: Barel Efrat , Tzischinsky Orna
Published: November 2022

Only a few studies addressed age-related changes from childhood to adolescence in sleep patterns, sleepiness, and attention. Vigilant attention plays a key role in cognitive performance. While its nature and course have been investigated broadly among adults, only limited research has been conducted on its development between childhood and adolescence. The main aim of the current study was to replicate previous findings about the effects of sleep loss on age-related changes in vigilance attention performance and sleepiness in a natural setting. A total of 104 children and adolescents (46 children aged 6–9 and 58 adolescents aged 13–19) wore an actigraph for a continuous five to seven nights, including weekdays and weekends. Subjective sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and a Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT-B) were measured on two school days and one non-school day. Findings showed that PVT-B performance differed by age group, with adolescents outperforming children in PVT-B measures in spite of their elevated subjective sleepiness. Adolescents demonstrated less sleep time and increased sleepiness. Although PVT-B performance was better among adolescents, a within-subject analysis revealed that adolescents performed better on PVT measures on weekends than on weekdays. The results are discussed in relation to the synaptic elimination model.
Tracing Sulfate Source and Transformation in the Groundwater of the Linhuan Coal Mining Area, Huaibei Coalfield, China
Authors: Cheng Lili , Jiang Chunlu , Li Chang , Zheng Liugen
Published: November 2022

Mining activities cause surface sulfate enrichment, which has negative impacts on human health and ecosystems. These high concentrations of sulfate may enter groundwater through the unsaturated zone (UZ), threatening groundwater quality. Therefore, we combined hydrochemical and dual isotopic analyses of sulfate in surface water, soil water and groundwater with evaluations of the UZ to identify the groundwater sulfate source and transformation in the coal mining area. Soil profile samples were collected near gangue heaps (UZ−1, UZ−2) and the mean sulfate concentrations of the UZ−1 profile and UZ−2 profile were 35.4 mg/L and 69.63 mg/L, respectively. The shallow groundwater sulfate was mainly from dissolution of evaporite, sulfide oxidation and sewage. Different sulfate contaminated areas showed different characteristics of sulfate sources. The sulfate source to groundwater near the coal gangue heaps was sulfide oxidation. The groundwater sulfate near the gangue heaps and industrial park compound contamination area was mainly derived from industrial and domestic sewage and sulfide oxidation. In addition, the role of bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) in the groundwater was not obvious. This research result is of great significance for promoting the safe mining of coal resources and sustainable utilization of groundwater in the Huaibei coal mining area and other coal mining areas in China.
Mediterranean Diet Interventions for Depressive Symptoms in Adults with Depressive Disorders: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bizzozero-Peroni Bruno , Godoy-Cumillaf Andrés , Fernández-Rodríguez Rubén , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Eva , Jiménez-López Estela , Giakoni-Ramírez Frano , Duclos-Bastías Daniel , Mesas Arthur Eumann
Published: November 2022

The associations between Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and depression levels have been synthesized from observational studies. However, a systematic review with meta-analysis including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this relationship in adults with depressive disorders remains lacking. This protocol was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Protocols statement. MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases will be systematically searched to identify studies published from database inception up to 30 September 2022. The inclusion criteria will comprise RCTs reporting pre-post changes in depression status (symptoms or remission) after a MD intervention compared to a control condition in adults over 18 years with depressive disorders. Pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals will be calculated using the DerSimonian random-effects model. This study protocol determines the methodological approach for the systematic review and meta-analysis that will summarize the available evidence on the efficacy of MD interventions on depressive symptoms in adults with depressive disorders. The findings from this review may have implications for public mental health programs. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentation, and infographics. No ethical approval will be required since only published data will be used. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022341895.
The Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability of a Variety of Testing Methods to Measure Shoulder Range of Motion, Hand-behind-Back and External Rotation Strength in Healthy Participants
Authors: Beshara Peter , Davidson Ingrid , Pelletier Matthew , Walsh William R.
Published: November 2022

This study determined the intra- and inter-rater reliability of various shoulder testing methods to measure flexion range of motion (ROM), hand-behind-back (HBB), and external rotation (ER) strength. Twenty-four healthy adults (mean age of 31.2 and standard deviation (SD) of 10.9 years) without shoulder or neck pathology were assessed by two examiners using standardised testing protocols to measure shoulder flexion with still photography, HBB with tape measure, and isometric ER strength in two abduction positions with a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) and novel stabilisation device. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) established relative reliability. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC) established absolute reliability. Differences between raters were visualised with Bland–Altman plots. A paired t-test assessed for differences between dominant and non-dominant sides. Still photography demonstrated good intra- and inter-rater reliability (ICCs 0.75–0.86). HBB with tape measure demonstrated excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability (ICCs 0.94–0.98). Isometric ER strength with HHD and a stabilisation device demonstrated excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability in 30° and 45° abduction (ICCs 0.96–0.98). HBB and isometric ER at 45° abduction differed significantly between dominant and non-dominant sides. Standardised shoulder ROM and strength tests provide good to excellent reliability. HBB with tape measure and isometric strength testing with HHD stabilisation are clinically acceptable.
Long-Term Trends in Changes in Physical and Motor Development Observed among Physiotherapy Students from Bydgoszcz in 2011–2020
Authors: Lewandowski Andrzej , Piekorz Zuzanna , Sarwińska Jadwiga , Siedlaczek Marcin
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The aim of the study is to assess the changes in somatic and motor characteristics in adolescents studying physiotherapy from 2011–2020. It was hypothesized that there was no secular trend of morphological features, its maintenance in endurance, increased sexual dimorphism and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the observed characteristics. Materials and methods: Young people studying at the Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz were examined. Basic somatic features, endurance and coordination were measured. WHR, BMI and dimorphism indices were calculated based on the results from 538 female and 217 male examined students. Results: There was a decrease in body height with an increase in body weight in relation to the values recorded in the years 2001–2010 (BMI: women D = 0.49, Z = 2.9192; men D = 0.93, Z = 3.5746; WHR women D = 0.01, Z = 2.88491; men D = 0.02, Z = 3.5746), an increase in sexual dimorphism and a significant increase in the waist circumference of women (R2 = 0.008, p (F) = 0.0353) year by year by 0.3099 cm (p = 0.035). Conclusions: The obtained results and the comparisons made allow us to assume that some people studying physiotherapy may have problems with meeting the standards that require physical effort.
Explicating the Cognitive Process of a Physician’s Trust in Patients: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: He Qijun , Li Yungeng , Wu Zhiyao , Su Jingjing
Published: November 2022

Trust is considered a critical factor in the physician–patient relationship. However, little is known about the development and impact of physicians trusting their patients. A model that is premised on the integrated model of organizational trust was proposed in this article to reveal the cognitive processes involved in physicians’ trust, with perceived integrity and the ability of the patient as antecedents and the physicians’ communication efficacy as the outcome. A cross-sectional survey of 348 physicians in Zhejiang province, China, revealed that a physician’s trust in a patient mediated the relationship between the physicians’ perception of the integrity and ability of the patient, and the physician’s communication efficacy. The physicians’ educational backgrounds and work experience were also found to moderate an indirect effect: a lower level of education and longer work experience intensified the impact of the perceived integrity and ability of the patient on the physician’s trust, while shorter work experience made the association between the physician’s trust and communication efficacy more salient. This paper provided implications for both physician and patient sides.
Impact of Health and Social Factors on the Cardiometabolic Risk in People with Food Insecurity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salinas-Roca Blanca , Rubió-Piqué Laura , Carrillo-Álvarez Elena , Franco-Alcaine Gemma
Published: November 2022

Food plays a key role in people’s health and quality of life. Inadequate eating habits or a deficient diet can lead to the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The present review aims to describe the health and social factors related to food insecurity (FI) in adults in high-income countries and evaluate their impact on cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Following the PRISMA procedures, a systematic review was conducted by searching in biomedical databases. Full articles were screened (nf = 228) and critically appraised, and 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the selected studies, the results grouped information based on (i) the characteristics of the population in FI, (ii) the impact of FI on NCDs, and (iii) the cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk of the FI population. Considering the minimum and maximum percentage data, people of the categories female sex (46.2–57.6%), education level lower than high school (11–67.46%), non-Hispanic white ethnicity (37.4–58%), single or separated or widowed (45–64.8%), and current smoker (35.5–61.1%) make up the population with FI in high-income countries. All of these factors presented a significant association (p < 0.001) with cardiovascular risk factors. The highest odds ratios (OR) for the FI population are described for obesity (OR = 2.49, 95% CI; 1.16–5.33) and myocardial infarction (OR = 2.19, 95% CI). Interventions that integrate FI screening and the measurement of CMR factors into routine clinical care may be an important step to identify vulnerable populations and subsequently improve and prevent NCDs. Thus, food-diet policies and public-health-based interventions are needed to be included in the measurement of CMR in the assessment of FI.
Demographic and COVID Experience Predictors of COVID-19 Risk Perception among Chinese Residents in Canada
Authors: Lecompte Mariah , Counsell Alyssa , Yang Lixia
Published: November 2022

The current study aimed to identify demographic and COVID experience predictors for COVID-19 risk perception among Chinese residents in Canada. A final sample of 653 participants aged 18 and up completed an online survey in simplified Chinese during the peak of the first wave of COVID-19 (25 April–10 June 2020). After removing those with missing data on demographic covariates, as missing data cannot be imputed, 444 were included in the structural equation model, and COVID-19 risk perception was indexed by three outcome variables: self-infection risk perception (i.e., likelihood of personal infection of COVID-19); threat perception (i.e., whether the pandemic is a real threat); and future infection rate prediction (i.e., a latent variable for community, Ontario, Canada, and World infection rate predictions). Predictors included demographic (i.e., income, gender, education, age, household size, employment status, and life satisfaction) and COVID experience variables (i.e., personal connection with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases, self-isolation experience, perceived anti-Chinese discrimination, and confusion over COVID-19 information). In the structural equation model, we found increased risk perception for the following demographic and COVID experience predictors; women, relatively higher education, living alone, working in a medical field, lower in life satisfaction, having personal connection with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases, with perceived anti-Chinese discrimination, or showing high confusion over COVID-19 information.
Structural Dimension Exploration and Measurement Scale Development of Employee Involution in China’s Workplace Field
Authors: Dou Guoqin , Li Guangxia , Yuan Yunyun , Liu Bin , Yang Lifeng
Published: November 2022

The phenomenon of workplace involution has attracted ample attention. How to make employees treat their work with the correct attitude and behavior and improve their work performance has become a realistic proposition. This study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, with the help of grounded theory, to conduct an exploratory study on the structural dimensions of employee involution in the Chinese workplace and, on this basis, to develop and test the measurement scale. The research results show that employee involution is a multi-dimensional construct with rich connotations, including four dimensions: inefficient busyness, exhaustion of innovation, promotion anxiety, and internal competition. The measurement scale consists of four factors and 13 items. The factor analysis results showed that the developed scale’s reliability and validity reached an ideal level. To a certain extent, this study promotes the recognition and attention of various types of organizations at all levels to involution. The research conclusions provide theoretical guidance for employees to get rid of the involution crisis and will motivate managers to formulate better intervention measures to prevent and reduce workplace involution.
An International Comparative Study on the Resilience of Urban Communities after COVID-19 Pandemic: A One-Year Case Study between Lanzhou, China and Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Niu Dingwei , Wang Lucang , Li Wei , Ma Yongchi
Published: November 2022

After the prevailing of the COVID-19 pandemic, urban communities around the world took initiatives to bring their cities back to life. In this research, 45 indicators and 55 elements were selected to make comparisons between urban communities in Lanzhou, China and Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina from five dimensions of social resilience, economic resilience, institutional resilience, infrastructural resilience, and community capital resilience. At the same time, the ArcGIS platform tool was used for spatial interpolation analysis. In this paper, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method was used to carry out the spatial analysis of the perceived resilience of the two cities. Due to the heterogeneity of the neighborhood physical environment, operation and management mode, individual attribute characteristics, and internal relations, the resilience of the two urban communities showed disparity in different dimensions. Overall, the communities with good urban property management services, high-income owners, and the convenient transportation have stronger resilience in the face of pandemic. On the contrary, scattered communities, which are scattered in the inner cities, lack effective management, and based on unstable employment, people become the most affected by the epidemic with the lowest resilience power. The importance of social capital, represented by community understanding, identity, and mutual help and cooperation between neighbors, is highlighted in the resilience assessment of the two cities, respectively, in the East and West, indicating that to build more resilient cities, in addition to improving government management and increasing investment in urban infrastructure, building the residents’ sense of belonging, identity, and enduring community culture is even more important in the construction of resilient cities.
A Systematic Review of Research on Non-Maternal Caregivers’ Feeding of Children 0–3 Years
Authors: Nieri Tanya , Zimmer Arianna , Vaca Jai Mica , Tovar Alison , Cheney Ann
Published: November 2022

Although people other than mothers participate in feeding, few interventions include non-maternal caregivers, especially those promoting healthy development among children aged 0–3 years. Understanding the role and influence of non-maternal caregivers is essential for the development and effectiveness of early childhood feeding interventions; yet, no reviews have examined non-maternal caregivers of children aged 0–3 years. This study assessed what is known about non-maternal caregivers’ feeding of children aged 0–3. We systematically reviewed 38 empirical quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies, cataloged in PubMed and Web of Science and published between 1/2000–6/2021. The studies showed that non-maternal caregivers engage in child feeding and their attitudes and behaviors affect child outcomes. Like mothers, non-maternal caregivers vary in the extent to which their knowledge and attitudes support recommended feeding practices and the extent to which they exhibit responsive feeding styles and practices. Children of broad ages were included in the studies; future research should include infant/toddler-only samples to allow for better assessment of age-specific feeding constructs. The studies also revealed issues specific to non-maternal caregivers that are unlikely to be addressed in interventions developed for mothers. Thus, the review highlighted features of non-maternal caregiving of children 0–3 years that could be addressed to support feeding and child outcomes.
Effects of Interval Walking Training on Oral Health Status in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Yoshimoto Tasuku , Hasegawa Yoko , Furihata Mayuka , Yoshihara Akihiro , Shiramizu Masako , Sta. Maria Ma. Therese , Hori Shoko , Morikawa Mayuko , Marito Pinta , Kaneko Noboru , Nohno Kaname , Nose Hiroshi , Masuki Shizue , Ono Takahiro
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of walking training “Interval Walking Training (IWT)” on oral health status. Participants were divided into two groups: an exercise intervention group and a non-intervention group (control). The intervention group consisted of 59 subjects (20 males, 39 females) aged 50 years or older who participated in the IWT program in Matsumoto from 2019 to April 2022. The control group consisted of 33 subjects (14 males and 19 females) aged 50 years or older who have visited Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital and agreed to participate in the study. The intervention group underwent walking training (interval walking training) for at least 5–6 months. The walking training consisted of five sets of fast walking above 70% peak aerobic capacity for walking (VO2peak) for 3 min, followed by 3 min of slow walking at ~40% VO2 peak per day for more than four days/week. The oral health status was evaluated for the number of teeth, occlusal force, salivary occult blood, masticatory performance, and tongue pressure. A total of 57 participants were analyzed in the intervention group (18 males and 39 females, age: 66.7 ± 0.8 (mean ± S.E.) years) and 33 participants in the control group (14 males and 19 females, age: 74.5 ± 1.1 (mean ± S.E.) years). There were no significant differences in gender, salivary occult blood, tongue pressure, masticatory performance, or occlusal force between the two groups at the start of the intervention (p = 0.36, p = 0.48, p = 0.42, p = 0.58, and p = 0.08, respectively by unpaired t-test or χ2 test). On the other hand, there were significant differences in age and BMI, with a trend toward lower age and higher BMI in the intervention group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively, by unpaired t-test). In terms of rate of change, the intervention group showed a significant increase in occlusal force (F = 4.5, p = 0.04, ANCOVA) and a significant decrease in BMI (F = 7.3, p = 0.009, ANCOVA). No significant differences were observed in the other measured items. It was found that walking training in both middle-aged and older people does not only affect the physical aspect of weight loss but may help maintain and improve the occlusal force.
Structural Cohesion, Role Equivalence, or Homophily: Which Process Best Explains Social Homogeneity?
Authors: Ramos-Vidal Ignacio
Published: November 2022

Social homogeneity, understood as the similarity of perceptions and attitudes that individuals display toward the environment around them, is explained by the relational context in which they are immersed. However, there is no consensus about which relational mechanism best explains social homogeneity. The purpose of this research is to find out which of the three classical relational processes most studied in network analysis (structural cohesion, role equivalence, or homophily) is more determinant in explaining social homogeneity. To achieve the research objective, 110 professionals (psychologists, social workers, and community facilitators) implementing a psychosocial care program in three regions of Northwest Colombia were interviewed. Different types of relationships among professionals were analyzed using network analysis techniques. To examine the structural cohesion hypothesis, interveners were categorized according to the level of structural cohesion by performing core-periphery analysis in the networks evaluated; to test the role equivalence hypothesis, participants were categorized according to their level of degree centrality in the networks examined; to test the homophily hypothesis, participants were grouped according to the level of homophily in terms of professional profile. The non-parametric tests showed that role equivalence was the most powerful mechanism for explaining social homogeneity in the sample of psychosocial interveners evaluated.
Vocational Identity Status in Chinese Emerging Adults with and without Hearing Impairment: Latent Profiles and Relationships with Self-Esteem and Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Yuan Wei , Xu Tianxi , Liu Meimei , Hu Biying
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to (1) explore the configuration of vocational identity status among emerging adults with and without hearing impairment using latent profile analysis, and (2) investigate the relationships between vocational identity status and self-esteem and subjective well-being. In total, 408 students without disabilities and 432 with hearing impairments from two Chinese higher institutions participated in the study. The Vocational Identity Status Assessment, Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Positive and Negative Affect were used to assess the major variables. The results derived five latent profiles (achieved, foreclosed, searching moratorium, undifferentiated, and diffused) of vocational identity in the present sample. The students were over-represented in undifferentiated profiles and under-represented in achieved and foreclosed ones. Hearing impairment significantly affected vocational identity status profile membership. The results showed that emerging adults with achievement and foreclosure statuses displayed healthy psychological outcomes, having the highest self-esteem, life satisfaction, and positive affect, and the lowest negative affect. In contrast, the diffused group showed the most disturbing pattern with the lowest self-esteem, life satisfaction, and positive affect, and the highest negative affect. The research findings reveal some notable issues in vocational identity status for emerging Chinese adults, raising concerns about the influence of hearing impairment on vocational identity formation, and provide implications for Chinese society to facilitate college students’ career development process to promote their vocational identity status and enhance their self-esteem and subjective well-being.
Patients’ Desire for Psychological Support When Receiving a Cancer Diagnostic
Authors: Blasco Tomás , Jovell Esther , Mirapeix Rosanna , Leon Concha
Published: November 2022

Background: Factors related to the desire of receiving psychological help in cancer patients are not well known. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of patients who would ask for psychological assistance in the first weeks following diagnosis, and to identify their psychosocial and disease-related profile. Method: This cross-sectional study assessed 229 consecutive cancer outpatients at a visit with their oncologist to be informed about the treatment they will receive. Disease-related and medical characteristics were assessed, and patients were asked about their mood states, levels of self-efficacy, and difficulties coping with the disease. Finally, patients were asked about their desire to receive psychological assistance. Results: Only 20% of patients expressed a desire for psychological help. These patients were lower in age and had previous history of mood disorders and reported higher discouragement and coping difficulties. These variables explained 30.6% of variance. Conclusions: Although psycho-oncologists can provide helpful interventions, the percentage of patients interested in receiving psychological assistance in this study is low. Although further studies are needed, results from this study suggest methods that could easily be used by oncologists and nurses to identify patients who would like to receive psychological support.
The Construction of Image Reference Points and Text Appeals Information Tailoring in Promoting Diners’ Public Environment Maintenance Behavior Intention
Authors: Zhu Yanfei , Wang Yuli , Li Ying , Du Xiaoxi , Guo Qi , Chen Mo , Lin Yun
Published: November 2022

The environmental maintenance of public dining spaces significantly impacts urban construction’s sustainable and healthy development. This paper studied the influence of image–text information tailoring relationships on behavioral intentions to promote public dining space environment maintenance. We used a two-factor between-subject experimental design, two (image reference points: self vs. others) × two (text appeals: feasibility vs. desirability). We also examined the mediating roles of environmental maintenance attitudes and environmental responsibility perceptions as regards pro-environmental behavioral intentions. The research results showed the following: (1) Among the four image–text information construction methods, the other’s image reference point with the desirability text appeal promotes the diners’ pro-environmental behavioral intention with optimal effectiveness; and (2) Environmental maintenance attitudes and environmental responsibility perceptions play mediating roles in promoting diners’ intention to maintain environmental behavior in the image–text combined information presentation. Environmental responsibility perceptions cannot be mediated alone and must be progressively mediated with environmental maintenance attitudes.
Differentiation of Vegetation Community Characteristics by Altitude within Urban Parks and Their Service Functions in a Semi-Arid Mountain Valley: A Case Study of Lanzhou City
Authors: Tang Xianglong , Wei Tianfeng , He Yueming , He Kun
Published: November 2022

As the primary component of urban green space, parks play an important role in improving local environments and quality of life for city inhabitants. To date, much research on urban park plant community characteristics has been conducted worldwide, but studies focusing on differences across altitudes have been rare. Here, we have investigated fractional vegetation cover (FVC), plant species diversity, plant species composition, and plant life-form types along altitude gradients within four urban parks (Jincheng, Renshoushan, Baitashan, and Lanshan) in Lanzhou city (China) by field sampling and remote sensing. Spatial variations in plant community characteristics at different elevations, as well as their ecological, social, and integrated service levels, were analyzed using combined methods of remote sensing interpretation, mathematical statistics, and service function assessment. The results showed that: (1) spatial variations in plant communities along elevation gradients exhibited a distinct regional differentiation between parks; (2) Lanshan Park had the lowest FVC (43.6%) and plant species diversity (59 species), and these two parameters exhibited the most dramatic spatial change as elevation increased; the opposite phenomenon occurred in Renshoushan Park (FVC of 56.6%; 81 species); (3) the differences in the natural service level of the plant community were smaller for the social and integrated service levels. The highest natural service level occurred in Renshoushan Park, while Jincheng Park had the highest social and integrated service levels; the smallest values occurred in Lanshan Park. We conclude that scientific park management is urgently required to ensure the safety and sustainable development of the local urban ecosystems and to improve the ecological and social service levels of the individual urban parks, especially Lanshan Park. These findings also provide key insights to improve urban park communities and service levels in similar mountainous, semi-arid zones.
Delayed Impairment of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity after Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Young Rats
Authors: Postnikova Tatyana Y. , Trofimova Alina M. , Zakharova Maria V. , Nosova Olga I. , Brazhe Alexey R. , Korzhevskii Dmitry E. , Semyanov Alexey V. , Zaitsev Aleksey V.
Published: November 2022

Data on the long-term consequences of a single episode of generalized seizures in infants are inconsistent. In this study, we examined the effects of pentylenetetrazole-induced generalized seizures in three-week-old rats. One month after the seizures, we detected a moderate neuronal loss in several hippocampal regions: CA1, CA3, and hilus, but not in the dentate gyrus. In addition, long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) was impaired. We also found that the mechanism of plasticity induction was altered: additional activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1) is required for LTP induction in experimental rats. This disturbance of the plasticity induction mechanism is likely due to the greater involvement of perisynaptic NMDA receptors compared to receptors located in the core part of the postsynaptic density. This hypothesis is supported by experiments with selective blockades of core-located NMDA receptors by the use-dependent blocker MK-801. MK-801 had no effect on LTP induction in experimental rats and suppressed LTP in control animals. The weakening of the function of core-located NMDA receptors may be due to the disturbed clearance of glutamate from the synaptic cleft since the distribution of the astrocytic glutamate transporter EAAT2 in experimental animals was found to be altered.
Integrating Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Unveil Atisine Biosynthesis in Aconitum gymnandrum Maxim
Authors: Chen Lingli , Tian Mei , Jin Baolong , Yin Biwei , Chen Tong , Guo Juan , Tang Jinfu , Cui Guanghong , Huang Luqi
Published: November 2022

Diterpene alkaloids (DAs) are characteristic compounds in Aconitum, which are classified into four skeletal types: C18, C19, C20, and bisditerpenoid alkaloids. C20-DAs are thought to be the precursor of the other types. Their biosynthetic pathway, however, is largely unclear. Herein, we combine metabolomics and transcriptomics to unveil the methyl jasmonate (MJ) inducible biosynthesis of DAs in the sterile seedling of A. gymnandrum, the only species in the Subgenus Gymnaconitum (Stapf) Rapaics. Target metabolomics based on root and aerial portions identified 51 C19-DAs and 15 C20-DAs, with 40 inducible compounds. The highest content of C20-DA atisine was selected for further network analysis. PacBio Isoform sequencing integrated with RNA sequencing not only provided the full-length transcriptome but also their response to induction, revealing 1994 genes that exhibited up-regulated expression. Further, 38 genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis were identified, including 7 diterpene synthases. In addition to the expected function of the four diterpene synthases, AgCPS5 was identified to be a new ent-8,13-CPP synthase in Aconitum and could also combine with AgKSL1 to form the C20-DAs precursor ent-atiserene. Combined with multiple network analyses, six CYP450 and seven 2-ODD genes predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of atisine were also identified. This study not only sheds light on diterpene synthase evolution in Aconitum but also provides a rich dataset of full-length transcriptomes, systemic metabolomes, and gene expression profiles, setting the groundwork for further investigation of the C20-DAs biosynthesis pathway.
Tumor-Associated Lymphatics Upregulate MHC-II to Suppress Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes
Authors: Li Claire Y. , Park Hyeung Ju , Shin Jinyeon , Baik Jung Eun , Mehrara Babak J. , Kataru Raghu P.
Published: November 2022

Steady-state lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) can induce peripheral tolerance by presenting endogenous antigens on MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules. Recent evidence suggests that lymph node LECs can cross-present tumor antigens on MHC-I to suppress tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Whether LECs can act as immunosuppressive cells in an MHC-II dependent manner in the local tumor microenvironment (TME) is not well characterized. Using murine heterotopic and spontaneous tumor models, we show that LECs in the TME increase MHC-II expression in the context of increased co-inhibitory signals. We provide evidence that tumor lymphatics in human melanoma and breast cancer also upregulate MHC-II compared to normal tissue lymphatics. In transgenic mice that lack LEC-specific MHC-II expression, heterotopic tumor growth is attenuated, which is associated with increased numbers of tumor-specific CD8+ and effector CD4+ T cells, as well as decreased numbers of T regulatory CD4+ cells in the TME. Mechanistically, we show that murine and human dermal LECs can take up tumor antigens in vitro. Antigen-loaded LECs in vitro can induce antigen-specific proliferation of CD8+ T cells but not CD4+ T cells; however, these proliferated CD8+ T cells have reduced effector function in the presence of antigen-loaded LECs. Taken together, our study suggests LECs can act as immunosuppressive cells in the TME in an MHC-II dependent manner. Whether this is a result of direct tumor antigen presentation on MHC-II requires additional investigation.