bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cortex Mori Radicis Attenuates Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Renal Injury
in Mice via Regulation of Transient Receptor Potential Canonical
Channel 6
Authors: Zhai Yi , Li Dan , Wang Zhigang , Shao Luyao , Yin Nina , Li Weihua
Published: January 2022

Objective:

Cortex Mori Radicis (CMR) has been reported to possess antipyretic, anti-convulsant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of CMR on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic renal injury in mice and explore the underlying mechanism.

Methods:

Mice were gavaged with different doses of CMR for continuous 7 days. Then, STZ (50 mg/kg) was applied to induce renal injury associated with type 1 diabetes. Firstly, blood glucose levels and metabolic parameters were evaluated, including weight, food intake, and excrement. HE and PAS staining were performed to examine renal histological changes. Renal inflammation, fibro-sis, and oxidative stress were assayed by real-time PCR and ELISA, separately. Additionally, podo-cyte-related markers, such as nephrin and wilms' tumor-1 (WT-1), were detected by immunohisto-chemical staining and Western blot separately. Lastly, expression of transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (TRPC6) and activation of MAPK signaling pathways were assayed.

Results:

CMR pretreatment significantly lowered the blood glucose levels, suppressed renal in-flammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress, and relieved renal pathological injury, accompanying the inhibition of nephrin and WT-1 expression in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, CMR de-creased the expression of TRPC6 and suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK, but not P38 MAPK and JNK. Notably, the application of hyperforin, a specific activator of TRPC6, significantly abro-gated the hypoglycemic effect of CMR and reversed the suppression of CMR on TRPC6 expression and ERK activation in the diabetic mice.

Conclution:

Our findings indicated that CMR attenuated early renal injury in STZ-induced diabetic mice by inhibiting ERK signaling via regulation of TRPC6, suggesting that CMR can be considered as a promising candidate for the management of diabetes-related renal complications.
European green deal: Experience of food safety for Ukraine
Authors:   Department of Innovative Entrepreneurship and Investment Activities, Polissia National University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine, et al. Skydan
Published: January 2022

The systematization of European experience in the formation of food safety through research and analysis of European regulations and strategies. The key principles of the European Green Deal on food safety were analyzed, namely the implementation of the principle of sustainability of food systems and policies for adaptation to climate change. The levels of food safety of Ukraine and Poland were compared according to the main components: food availability, access to food, food safety conditions. According to the results of a sociological study, the level of food safety of Ukraine in terms of the introduction of the land market was assessed. A portrait of a landowner was formed, and the presence of a land plot affects the state of food supply. Based on the analysis of the main provisions of the European Green Deal and food safety policy (on the example of Poland), the areas of increasing the level of food safety in Ukraine were identified: completion of land reform and lifting the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land; ensuring the production of value-added products; adaptation to climate change, development, and implementation of a national program for rural development.
Finance for Climate Action: Postcovid-19 Recovery Challenges
Authors: Ivanova Boncheva Antonina
Published: January 2022

This paper is oriented to explore the new developments in climate action financing within the framework of Just Transition. This discourse is linked to the post COVID-19 recovery and the sustainable finance agenda. The study is done through extensive literature review, combining aspects PRISMA guidelines and the Recursive Content Abstraction (RCA) analytical approach. After presenting the Just Transition framework, we analyze the provisions on financing of the Paris Agreement. Next, the financing gaps are identified with the COVID -19 impact. We pay a special attention on the debt service, the related developing countries difficulties, and the challenges for sub-national governments. Then we analyze the efficient market theory and its distortion in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Based on the topics discussed, at the end the paper presents some final remarks.
Assessment of Natural Language Processing Methods for Ascertaining the Expanded Disability Status Scale Score From the Electronic Health Records of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Yang Zhen , Pou-Prom Chloé , Jones Ashley , Banning Michaelia , Dai David , Mamdani Muhammad , Oh Jiwon , Antoniou Tony
Published: January 2022

Background

The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score is a widely used measure to monitor disability progression in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, extracting and deriving the EDSS score from unstructured electronic health records can be time-consuming.

Objective

We aimed to compare rule-based and deep learning natural language processing algorithms for detecting and predicting the total EDSS score and EDSS functional system subscores from the electronic health records of patients with MS.

Methods

We studied 17,452 electronic health records of 4906 MS patients followed at one of Canada’s largest MS clinics between June 2015 and July 2019. We randomly divided the records into training (80%) and test (20%) data sets, and compared the performance characteristics of 3 natural language processing models. First, we applied a rule-based approach, extracting the EDSS score from sentences containing the keyword “EDSS.” Next, we trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to predict the 19 half-step increments of the EDSS score. Finally, we used a combined rule-based–CNN model. For each approach, we determined the accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score compared with the reference standard, which was manually labeled EDSS scores in the clinic database.

Results

Overall, the combined keyword-CNN model demonstrated the best performance, with accuracy, precision, recall, and an F-score of 0.90, 0.83, 0.83, and 0.83 respectively. Respective figures for the rule-based and CNN models individually were 0.57, 0.91, 0.65, and 0.70, and 0.86, 0.70, 0.70, and 0.70. Because of missing data, the model performance for EDSS subscores was lower than that for the total EDSS score. Performance improved when considering notes with known values of the EDSS subscores.

Conclusions

A combined keyword-CNN natural language processing model can extract and accurately predict EDSS scores from patient records. This approach can be automated for efficient information extraction in clinical and research settings.
Development and Evaluation of the Usefulness, Usability, and Feasibility of iNNOV Breast Cancer: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Mendes-Santos Cristina , Nunes Francisco , Weiderpass Elisabete , Santana Rui , Andersson Gerhard
Published: January 2022

Background

Despite the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in minimizing psychosocial morbidity in breast cancer survivors (BCSs), intervention delivery across survivorship is limited by physical, organizational, and attitudinal barriers, which contribute to a mental health care treatment gap in cancer settings.

Objective

The aim of this study is to develop iNNOV Breast Cancer (iNNOVBC), a guided, internet-delivered, individually tailored, acceptance and commitment therapy–influenced cognitive behavioral intervention program aiming to treat mild to moderate anxiety and depression in BCSs as well as to improve fatigue, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, and health-related quality of life in this group. This study also aims to evaluate the usefulness, usability, and preliminary feasibility of iNNOVBC.

Methods

iNNOVBC was developed using a user-centered design approach involving its primary and secondary end users, that is, BCSs (11/24, 46%) and mental health professionals (13/24, 54%). We used mixed methods, namely in-depth semistructured interviews, laboratory-based usability tests, short-term field trials, and surveys, to assess iNNOVBC’s usefulness, usability, and preliminary feasibility among these target users. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study sample, evaluate performance data, and assess survey responses. Qualitative data were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed.

Results

Overall, participants considered iNNOVBC highly useful, with most participants reporting on the pertinence of its scope, the digital format, the relevant content, and the appropriate features. However, various usability issues were identified, and participants suggested that the program should be refined by simplifying navigation paths, using a more dynamic color scheme, including more icons and images, displaying information in different formats and versions, and developing smartphone and tablet versions. In addition, participants suggested that tables should be converted into plain textboxes and data visualization dashboards should be included to facilitate the tracking of progress. The possibility of using iNNOVBC in a flexible manner, tailoring it according to BCSs’ changing needs and along the cancer care continuum, was another suggestion that was identified.

Conclusions

The study results suggest that iNNOVBC is considered useful by both BCSs and mental health professionals, configuring a promising point-of-need solution to bridge the psychological supportive care gap experienced by BCSs across the survivorship trajectory. We believe that our results may be applicable to other similar programs. However, to fulfill their full supportive role, such programs should be comprehensive, highly usable, and tailorable and must adopt a flexible yet integrated structure capable of evolving in accordance with survivors’ changing needs and the cancer continuum.
Refinement of a Parent–Child Shared Asthma Management Mobile Health App: Human-Centered Design Study
Authors: Sonney Jennifer , Cho Emily E , Zheng Qiming , Kientz Julie A
Published: January 2022

Background

The school-age years, approximately ages 7 through 11, represent a natural transition when children begin assuming some responsibility for their asthma management. Previously, we designed a theoretically derived, tailored parent–child shared asthma management mobile health app prototype, Improving Asthma Care Together (IMPACT).

Objective

The purpose of this study was to use human-centered design (HCD) to iteratively refine IMPACT to optimize user experience and incorporate evidence-based longitudinal engagement strategies.

Methods

This study used a mixed methods design from December 2019 to April 2021. Our app refinement used the HCD process of research, ideation, design, evaluation, and implementation, including 6 cycles of design and evaluation. The design and evaluation cycles focused on core app functionality, child engagement, and overall refinement. Evaluation with parent–child dyads entailed in-person and remote concept testing and usability testing sessions, after which rapid cycle thematic analyses identified key insights that informed future design refinement.

Results

Twelve parent–child dyads enrolled in at least one round of this study. Eight of the 12 child participants were male with a mean age of 9.9 (SD 1.6) years and all parent participants were female. Throughout evaluation cycles, dyads selected preferred app layouts, gamification concepts, and overall features with a final design prototype emerging for full-scale development and implementation.

Conclusions

A theoretically derived, evidence-based shared asthma management app was co-designed with end users to address real-world pain points and priorities. An 8-week pilot study testing app feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy is forthcoming.
Longitudinal Relationships Between Depressive Symptom Severity and Phone-Measured Mobility: Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling Study
Authors: Zhang Yuezhou , Folarin Amos A , Sun Shaoxiong , Cummins Nicholas , Vairavan Srinivasan , Bendayan Rebecca , Ranjan Yatharth , Rashid Zulqarnain , Conde Pauline , Stewart Callum , Laiou Petroula , Sankesara Heet , Matcham Faith , White Katie M , Oetzmann Carolin , Ivan Alina , Lamers Femke , Siddi Sara , Vilella Elisabet , Simblett Sara , Rintala Aki , Bruce Stuart , Mohr David C , Myin-Germeys Inez , Wykes Til , Haro Josep Maria , Penninx Brenda WJH , Narayan Vaibhav A , Annas Peter , Hotopf Matthew , Dobson Richard JB ,   RADAR-CNS consortium
Published: January 2022

Background

The mobility of an individual measured by phone-collected location data has been found to be associated with depression; however, the longitudinal relationships (the temporal direction of relationships) between depressive symptom severity and phone-measured mobility have yet to be fully explored.

Objective

We aimed to explore the relationships and the direction of the relationships between depressive symptom severity and phone-measured mobility over time.

Methods

Data used in this paper came from a major EU program, called the Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse–Major Depressive Disorder, which was conducted in 3 European countries. Depressive symptom severity was measured with the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) through mobile phones every 2 weeks. Participants’ location data were recorded by GPS and network sensors in mobile phones every 10 minutes, and 11 mobility features were extracted from location data for the 2 weeks prior to the PHQ-8 assessment. Dynamic structural equation modeling was used to explore the longitudinal relationships between depressive symptom severity and phone-measured mobility.

Results

This study included 2341 PHQ-8 records and corresponding phone-collected location data from 290 participants (age: median 50.0 IQR 34.0, 59.0) years; of whom 215 (74.1%) were female, and 149 (51.4%) were employed. Significant negative correlations were found between depressive symptom severity and phone-measured mobility, and these correlations were more significant at the within-individual level than the between-individual level. For the direction of relationships over time, Homestay (time at home) (φ=0.09, P=.01), Location Entropy (time distribution on different locations) (φ=−0.04, P=.02), and Residential Location Count (reflecting traveling) (φ=0.05, P=.02) were significantly correlated with the subsequent changes in the PHQ-8 score, while changes in the PHQ-8 score significantly affected (φ=−0.07, P<.001) the subsequent periodicity of mobility.

Conclusions

Several phone-derived mobility features have the potential to predict future depression, which may provide support for future clinical applications, relapse prevention, and remote mental health monitoring practices in real-world settings.
Assessment of Natural Language Processing Methods for Ascertaining the Expanded Disability Status Scale Score From the Electronic Health Records of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Algorithm Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Zhen , Pou-Prom Chloé , Jones Ashley , Banning Michaelia , Dai David , Mamdani Muhammad , Oh Jiwon , Antoniou Tony
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score is a widely used measure to monitor disability progression in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, extracting and deriving the EDSS score from unstructured electronic health records can be time-consuming.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to compare rule-based and deep learning natural language processing algorithms for detecting and predicting the total EDSS score and EDSS functional system subscores from the electronic health records of patients with MS.

METHODS

We studied 17,452 electronic health records of 4906 MS patients followed at one of Canada’s largest MS clinics between June 2015 and July 2019. We randomly divided the records into training (80%) and test (20%) data sets, and compared the performance characteristics of 3 natural language processing models. First, we applied a rule-based approach, extracting the EDSS score from sentences containing the keyword “EDSS.” Next, we trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to predict the 19 half-step increments of the EDSS score. Finally, we used a combined rule-based–CNN model. For each approach, we determined the accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score compared with the reference standard, which was manually labeled EDSS scores in the clinic database.

RESULTS

Overall, the combined keyword-CNN model demonstrated the best performance, with accuracy, precision, recall, and an F-score of 0.90, 0.83, 0.83, and 0.83 respectively. Respective figures for the rule-based and CNN models individually were 0.57, 0.91, 0.65, and 0.70, and 0.86, 0.70, 0.70, and 0.70. Because of missing data, the model performance for EDSS subscores was lower than that for the total EDSS score. Performance improved when considering notes with known values of the EDSS subscores.

CONCLUSIONS

A combined keyword-CNN natural language processing model can extract and accurately predict EDSS scores from patient records. This approach can be automated for efficient information extraction in clinical and research settings.
Understanding the Experience of Geriatric Care Professionals in Using Telemedicine to Care for Older Patients in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Wenwen , Flanagan Ashley , Nippak Pria MD , Nicin Michael , Sinha Samir K
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Geriatric care professionals were forced to rapidly adopt the use of telemedicine technologies to ensure the continuity of care for their older patients in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is little current literature that describes how telemedicine technologies can best be employed to meet the needs of geriatric care professionals in providing care to frail older patients and their caregivers, and families.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify the benefits and challenges geriatric care professionals face when using telemedicine technologies with frail older patients, their caregivers, and families, and how to maximize the benefits of this method of providing care.

METHODS

We conducted a mixed methods study that recruited geriatric care professionals to complete an online survey regarding their personal demographics and experiences with using telemedicine and participate in a semi-structured interview. Interview responses were analyzed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

RESULTS

We obtained quantitative and qualitative data from 30 practicing geriatric care professionals (22 geriatricians, 5 geriatric psychiatrists, and 3 geriatric specialist nurses) recruited from across the Greater Toronto Area. Analysis of interview data identified 5 CFIR contextual barriers (Complexity, Design quality and packaging, Patient needs and resources, Readiness for implementation, and Culture) and 13 CFIR contextual facilitators (Relative Advantage, Adaptability, Tension for Change, Available Resources, Access to Knowledge, Network and Communications, Compatibility, Knowledge and Beliefs, Self-Efficacy, Champions, External Agents, Executing, and Reflecting and Evaluating). The CFIR concept of External Policy and Incentives was found to be a neutral construct.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first known study to use the CFIR to develop a comprehensive narrative to characterize the experiences of geriatric care professionals using telemedicine technologies in providing care. Overall, telemedicine can significantly enable most of the geriatric care that is traditionally provided in person, but is less useful in providing specific aspects of geriatric care to frail older patients and their caregivers, and families.
Harnessing novel data sources to understand patients’ perspectives (Preprint)
Authors: Araojo Richardae , Lee Christine , Merenda Christine , Hammer Anne , Tarver Michelle
Published: January 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Patient perspectives are central to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s benefit-risk decision-making process in the evaluation of medical products. Traditional channels of communication may not be comfortable for all patients and consumers. Social media websites have increasingly been recognized by researchers as a means to gain insights on patients’ views about treatment and diagnostic options, the healthcare system, and their experiences living with their conditions. Utilizing multiple patient perspective data sources offers the FDA the opportunity to capture diverse patient voices and experiences with chronic pain.

The FDA Office of Minority Health and Health Equity (OMHHE) and the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) worked with INSPIRE (Clinica Health, Inc.) to conduct a pilot study exploring posts from INSPIRE’s own patient platform and several social media platforms to gain insights into the key challenges and barriers faced by chronic pain patients (CPPs). The most common topics discussed among CPPs were disease burden, support and advocacy needs, and proper diagnosis. The two most frequently discussed treatments were opioids or narcotics, and devices such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) machines and spinal cord stimulators. Success in pain reduction was tempered by concerns of stigmatization regarding opioid addiction and dependency. The study illustrates how social listening data may provide valuable insights into diverse patient perspectives, preferences, and unmet needs, especially for conditions that may be perceived as stigmatizing.
ASSOCIATION OF TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION AND NEUROFEEDBACK, IN THE DECLARATIONAL MEMORY AND CEREBRAL ARTERIAL FLOW IN UNIVERSITY YOUNG PEOPLE - A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND AND CONTROLLED STUDY PROTOCOL (Preprint)
Authors: Grecco Leandro H.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

The performance of a task depends on ongoing brain activity which can be influenced by attention, excitement or motivation. Scientific studies confirm that mindfulness leads to better performance, health and well-being. However, these cognitive efficiency modulating factors are nonspecific, can be difficult to control, and are not suitable to specifically facilitate neural processing.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of tDCS associated with Neurofeedback on declarative memory and cerebral blood flow in university students.

METHODS

In this work, we will use Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), a low-cost physical resource, easy to apply and few adverse effects, associated with a Neurofeedback resource. This, in turn, has been shown to be a training program capable of improving working memory function.

RESULTS

The trial began in December 2021 and we are currently performing the statistical analysis for the secondary outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

We believe that the resources used in this study can help improve some aspects of declarative memory, since learning and memory processes modify the brain. Strategies to enhance the acquisition, storage and use of information must be able to sensitize (motivate) and involve volunteers in the learning process, thus clarifying their role

CLINICALTRIAL

https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-4m5j4s
Correction: Candidemia Risk Prediction (CanDETEC) Model for Patients With Malignancy: Model Development and Validation in a Single-Center Retrospective Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yoo Junsang , Kim Si-Ho , Hur Sujeong , Ha Juhyung , Huh Kyungmin , Cha Won Chul
Published: January 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
Estimation of Mean Time between Failures of a Two Tandem Mill of a Sugar Plant
Authors: Patil Prof. Sachin N.
Published: January 2022

Abstract: When minutes of down-time can negatively impact the bottom line of a business, it is crucial that the physical infrastructure supporting be reliable. The equipment reliability can be achieved with a solid understanding of mean time between failures. Mean time between failures (MTBF) has been used for years as a basis for various maintenance decisions supported by various methods and procedures for lifecycle predictions. To quantifying a maintainable system or reliability we can use MTBF. For developing the mean time between failures model we can use make use of Poisson distribution, Weibull model and Bayesian model. In this paper we will be talking about complexities and misconceptions of MTBF and clarify criteria that need to be consider in estimating MTBF in a sequential manner. This paper sheds light on MTBF using examples throughout in an effort to simplify complexity. Keywords: MTBF, Two Tandem Mill, Sugar Mill, Reliability, Maintenance
A Review on Monitoring Solar System Parameters Using IoT
Authors: Deogade Umang
Published: January 2022

Abstract: The most significant system for monitoring solar systems is the solar parameters monitoring system. Solar energy is a renewable energy source produced by solar panels. Solar energy is a renewable energy source produced by solar panels. Voltage, light intensity, and temperature are the parameters that the system measures. An Arduino Uno microcontroller board is used in the suggested monitoring system. Solar panel, LDR Sensor, LM 35, Arduino microcontroller, and resistors are used in the system. Light. LDR sensor is used to detect light intensity, L35 is used to measure temperature, and a voltage divider circuit is used to monitor voltage in this system. Keywords: Solar Panel, Monitoring, Renewable Energy, Solar Panel, Arduino Uno.
Acompañemos la vida en el trabajo material: una propuesta de indagación antropológica
Authors: Guzmán Peñuela Laura , Suárez Guava Luis Alberto
Published: January 2022

Este ensayo propone que la investigación en antropología se realice acompañando la vida en el trabajo material. Planteamos que es necesario dejarse enseñar para trabajar y trabajar para dejarse enseñar. Argumentamos: 1) que debemos cuestionar el usual voluntarismo de los investigadores; 2) que a partir de nuestra participación en el trabajo material podemos transformar las relaciones de campo y nuestras convicciones como investigadores; y 3) que en el trabajo material el mundo es también nuestro maestro. Preferimos la guía de las tareas en realización al condicionamiento de los resultadosfinales. Creemos que este aprendizaje transformador no solo hará antropologías cercanas a lavida, también abrirá un camino en pos de lograr relaciones menos desiguales en el mundo.
Las políticas públicas a debate: aportes desde la antropología y la sociología de la traducción
Authors: Martínez Basallo Sandra Patricia
Published: January 2022

En este artículo nos proponemos ponderar las contribuciones de la aproximación antropológica y de la sociología de la traducción al estudio de las políticas públicas. A partir de la revisión de la literatura publicada en América Latina en las últimas dos décadas pudimos constatar que, si bien cada una de estas perspectivas se enmarca en referentes conceptuales y estrategias metodológicas particulares,ambas cuestionan la visión de las políticas como un instrumento técnico y racional para resolver problemas. Asimismo, al considerar el entramado de entidades humanas y no humanas, instituciones, conocimientos, valores, prácticas y artefactos que intervienen en la construcción de las políticas públicas, estos enfoques permiten reconocer el carácter disputado e inacabado de dichas políticas, altiempo que complejizan la mirada del “éxito” o “fracaso” de los programas como el producto temporal de asociaciones inestables.
A utilização da passiflora incarnata l. No tratamento da ansiedade
Authors: Correia Tayna Paranhos Costa , Ramos Marclênia Eduardo , Silva Beatriz Regina da , Bragança Cléria , Cruz Aida Ubaldino , Mendonça Guilherme Silva de
Published: January 2022

Este estudo objetiva verificar na literatura o uso do fitoterápico Passiflora incarnata L. no tratamento da ansiedade, que apresenta prevalência entre os transtornos psiquiátricos na população em geral. A revisão bibliográfica foi realizada no período de maio de 2017 a março de 2018, nas bases de dados científicas MEDLINE, PubMed e LILACS. Utilizou-se os descritores Passiflora incarnata L., ansiedade, fitoterapia. Incluiu de qualidade metodológica que avaliaram os efeitos da Passiflora incarnata L. no tratamento da ansiedade. Resultados demonstraram poucos estudos realizados em humanos, sendo a maioria realizada em animais, com extratos da folha da planta. Conclui que há necessidade de ampliar os estudos relacionados a esse tema, pois popularmente a Passiflora spp pode ser utilizada como ansiolítico.
Intervenções educativas em medicina transfusional: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Siqueira Vitória de Souza , Neto Silvestre Savino
Published: January 2022

A falta de conhecimento por parte dos profissionais de saúde pode levar a um aumento do risco de mortalidade e morbidade associada à transfusão de sangue. Os currículos oferecem pouco espaço para esse tema. O presente estudo objetiva analisar as intervenções educativas em medicina transfusional. Para isso, consultaram-se bases eletrônicas de dados, a partir dos descritores: Transfusão, Medicina Transfusional e Educação em Saúde. Várias são as opções propostas como intervenções educacionais. É necessário que estas se estabelecem na forma de educação continuada e que um processo avaliativo rigoroso validado seja aplicado.

Palavras-chave: Transfusão, Medicina Transfusional, Educação em Saúde
Tricyclic antipsychotics and antidepressants can inhibit α5-containing GABAA receptors by two distinct mechanisms
Authors: Bampali Konstantina , Koniuszewski Filip , Silva Luca , Rehman Sabah , Vogel Florian , Seidel Thomas , Scholze Petra , Zirpel Florian , Garon Arthur , Langer Thierry , Willeit Matthäus , Ernst Margot
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose: Many psychotherapeutic drugs, including
clozapine, display polypharmacology and act on GABA
receptors. Patients with schizophrenia show alterations in function,
structure and molecular composition of the hippocampus, and a recent
study demonstrated aberrant levels of hippocampal a5 subunit-containing
GABA receptors. The purpose of this study is to
investigate tricyclic compounds in a5 subunit-containing receptor
subtypes.

Experimental Approach: Functional studies of effects by seven
antipsychotic and antidepressant medications were performed in several
GABA receptor subtypes by two‐electrode voltage‐clamp
electrophysiology using Xenopus laevis oocytes. Computational
structural analysis was employed to design mutated constructs of the a5
subunit, probing a novel binding site. Radioligand displacement data
complemented the functional and mutational findings.

Key Results: We show that the antipsychotic drugs clozapine and
chlorpromazine exert functional inhibition on multiple
GABA receptor subtypes, including a5-containing ones.
Based on a chlorpromazine binding site observed in a GABA-gated
bacterial homologue, we identified a novel site in a5
GABA receptor subunits and demonstrate differential
usage of this and the orthosteric sites by these ligands.

Conclusion and Implications: Despite high molecular and
functional similarities among the tested ligands, they reduce GABA
currents by differential usage of allosteric and orthosteric sites. The
CPZ site we describe here is a new potential target for optimizing
antipsychotic medications with beneficial polypharmacology. Further
studies in defined subtypes are needed to substantiate mechanistic links
between the therapeutic effects of clozapine and its action on certain
GABA receptor subtypes.
Predicting changes in molluscan spatial distributions in mangrove forests in response to sea-level rise
Authors: Ma Wei , Wang Mao , Fu Haifeng , Tang Chaoyi , Wang Wenqing
Published: January 2022

Molluscs are an important component of the mangrove ecosystem, and the
vertical distributions of molluscan species in this ecosystem are
primarily dictated by tidal inundation. Thus, sea-level rise (SLR) may
have profound effects on mangrove mollusc communities. Here, we used two
dynamic empirical models based on measurements of surface elevation
change, sediment accretion and zonation patterns of molluscs to predict
changes in molluscan spatial distributions in response to different
sea-level rise rates in the mangrove forests of Zhenzhu Bay (Guangxi,
China). The change in surface elevation was 4.76–9.61 mm
a during the study period (2016–2020), and the
magnitude of surface-elevation change decreased exponentially as
original surface elevation increased. Based on our model results, we
predicted that mangrove molluscs might successfully adapt to a low rate
of SLR (marker-horizon model: 2–4.57 mm a; plate
model: 2–5.20 mm a) by 2100, with molluscs moving
seaward and those in the lower intertidal zones expanding into newly
available zones. However, as SLR rate increased (marker-horizon model:
4.57–8.14 mm a; plate model: 5.20–6.88 mm
a), our models predicted that surface elevations
would decrease beginning in the high intertidal zones and gradually
spreading to the low intertidal zones. Finally, at high rates of SLR
(marker-horizon model: 8.14–16.00 mm a; plate
model: 6.88–16.00 mm a), surface elevations were
predicted to decrease across the elevation gradient, with molluscs
moving landward and species in higher intertidal zones would be blocked
by landward barriers. Tidal inundation and the consequent increase in
interspecific competition and predation pressure were predicted to
threaten the survival of many molluscan groups in higher intertidal
zones, especially species at the landward edge of the mangroves. Thus,
future efforts to conserve mangrove floral and faunal diversity should
prioritize species restricted to landward mangrove areas.
Vegetation regeneration on natural terrain landslides in Hong Kong: direct seeding of native species as a restoration tool
Authors: Law Ying Ki , Lee Calvin , Pang Chun Chiu , Hau Billy , Wu Jin
Published: January 2022

Landslides are common in tropical and subtropical regions with hilly
terrains and heavy rainstorms, which cause significant economic,
ecological, and social impacts. Natural forest succession is usually
slow on landslide scars due to poor soil structure and the lack of seeds
of woody plant seeds, and often comes with a higher risk of repeated
landslide. Ecological forest restoration has recently been suggested as
an effective alternative to restore the exposed landslide scars,
however, a comprehensive study to identify effective landslide
restoration strategies remains lacking, particularly associated with
seed treatment methods and species selection. Here we evaluated the
effectiveness of different seed coating treatments of both pioneer and
later successional tree species of different seed sizes on seed
germination in a one-year study on three landslides in Hong Kong. Our
results show that bare seeds had germination rates of 17 to 67% across
all selected species (n=7). Biochar-dominant seed coating formulation
boosted an additional 9.33 (SE= 0.04) in seed germination rate, while
the clay-dominant seed coating formulation did not show significant
effect on germination. Our results also show that medium and
large-seeded non-pioneer species have significantly higher germination
rates than pioneer species. These results collectively suggest that
direct seeding using a biochar seed coat is a manageable and useful
method to enhance tree seed germination—an essential first step to
restore the forests after landslide disturbances in Hong Kong, with
potential to be extended to other humid tropical and subtropical
forests.
Zwycięzcy i przegrani pandemii Covid-19: perspektywa globalna z uwzględnieniem gospodarki rolno-żywnościowej
Authors: Zawojska Aldona
Published: January 2022

Światowa literatura na temat społeczno-ekonomicznych konsekwencji Covid-19 jest bogata i odnosi się do poszczególnych przedsiębiorstw i rynków, sektorów lub gałęzi gospodarki oraz gospodarek narodowych i globalnej. Niniejsze studium jest unikatowe, gdyż zawiera wszechstronne zestawienie informacji dotyczących podmiotów i sektorów gospodarki o znaczeniu globalnym lub międzynarodowym oraz grup społecznych z punktu widzenia tego, co nazywam „grą pandemiczną”, z jej określonymi implikacjami dla sektora rolno-żywnościowego. Ma ono na celu identyfikację rzeczywistych bądź potencjalnych zwycięzców i przegranych pandemii. Kategoria zwycięzców obejmuje aktorów, m.in. sektory gospodarki, w tym rolno-żywnościowy lub grupy ludzi, którzy wyjątkowo skorzystali bądź skorzystają na pandemii, wyraźnie poprawiając wyniki finansowe lub inne. Przegranymi są podmioty lub osoby, które poniosły nadzwyczajne koszty lub straty, pogorszyły wyniki lub prawdopodobnie w przyszłości staną przed takimi skutkami pandemii. Uwzględnione są również niektóre idee ekonomiczne. Artykuł powstał na podstawie przeglądu literatury naukowej i popularnej, raportów, doniesień prasowych oraz publicznie dostępnych danych, wspierających badania. Wykorzystano dedukcyjne metody wyjaśniania. Wyniki wskazują, że branża biofarmaceutyczna, wiodące korporacje technologiczne, udziałowcy międzynarodowych sieci detalicznych, globalne holdingi finansowe, podmioty dostarczające żywność i najbogatsi na świecie należą do wyjątkowo dobrze prosperujących w nowych warunkach życia i prowadzenia działalności, a tym samym można uznać ich za zwycięzców obecnego kryzysu. W odróżnieniu, ofiary zdrowotne Covid-19, sektor energetyki i transportu lotniczego oraz zatrudnieni w przetwórstwie spożywczym, fatalnie dotknięci pandemią, są egzemplifikacją przegranych. Przedstawieni zwycięzcy i pokrzywdzeni przez Covid-19 reprezentują różne sfery życia gospodarczego, jednak w mniejszym lub większym stopniu są powiązani z rolnictwem i przetwórstwem spożywczym. Badanie potwierdza, że funkcjonowanie i kondycja tych ostatnich zależą od sytuacji innych sektorów i różnych rynków oraz od zakłóceń międzynarodowych rozprzestrzenianych w warunkach otwartej gospodarki. Artykuł może zainteresować tak społeczność naukową, jak i decydentów w różnych obszarach polityki gospodarczej i społecznej.
Complexity of geotechnical problems in the process of revitalization of residential buildings
Authors: Savic Jelena , Romic Nikola
Published: January 2022

Revitalization of residential buildings is a process of renovation and
improvement of the residential environment with the goal of providing users
with a safe and healthy space in which to live. Through a series of
necessary interventions and technical improvements, in the first phase of
revitalization, the load-bearing structure, starting from the subgrade soil
and foundations all the way to the top of the building, i.e. the roof
structure, must be repaired and strengthened. The reinforced structure must
guarantee the successful implementation of other planned phases of
revitalization. The paper deals with geotechnical issues within which
damages are registered, their causes are analyzed and measures for repairing
the base soil and foundations are proposed. The problem is treated from the
point of view of its complexity, the numerous causes of which are disscussed
in the paper.
Beech sawdust based adsorbents for solid-phase extraction of pesticides and pharmaceuticals
Authors: Vukcevic Marija , Maletic Marina , Djurkic Tatjana , Babic Biljana , Kalijadis Ana
Published: January 2022

Carbonaceous solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent, efficient in isolation and enrichment of multiclass pesticides and pharmaceuticals from water, was synthesized starting from cheap waste beech sawdust and using KOH as the activated agent. The first step in carbon material preparation was hydrothermal carbonization of the waste beech sawdust. Following hydrothermal treatment, the obtained material was activated, using different amounts of KOH. It was found that applied activation leads to changes in material structure, an increase in specific surface area, and a decrease in the number of surface oxygen groups compared to carbonized sample. SPE procedure of multiclass pesticides and pharmaceuticals from water using activated carbonized beech sawdust (AcSD) was optimized by selecting the appropriate elution solvents, the sample pH, and the sample volume to obtain the highest enrichment efficiency. The optimized SPE procedure was applied for water analysis using different AcSD samples as a sorbent for analyte preconcentration. Activated carbon sorbent, obtained with the highest amount of KOH, showed the highest recoveries regarding the most analytes, which were comparable with the recoveries obtained by commercial cartridges.
Influence of boron doping on characteristics of glucose-based hydrothermal carbons
Authors: Kalijadis Ana , Maletic Marina , Bjelajac Andjelika , Babic Biljana , Minovic-Arsic Tamara , Vukcevic Marija
Published: January 2022

In this study, the influence of boron doping on structural and surface properties of carbon material synthesized by a hydrothermal method was investigated, and the obtained results were compared with the previously published influence that boron has on characteristics of carbonized boron-doped hydrothermal carbons (CHTCB). Hydrothermal carbons doped with boron (HTCB) were obtained by the hydrothermal synthesis of glucose solutions with different nominal concentrations of boric acid. It was found that glucose based hydrothermal carbon does not have developed porosity, and the presence of boron in their structure has insignificant influence on it. On the contrary, additional carbonization increases the specific surface area of the undoped sample, while an increase in boron content drastically decreases the specific surface area. Boron doping leads to a decrease in the amount of surface oxygen groups, for both, hydrothermally synthesized and additionally carbonized materials. Raman analysis showed that the boron content does not affect a structural arrangement of the HTCB samples, and Raman structural parameters show a higher degree of disorder, compared to the CHTCB samples. Comparison of structural and surface characteristics of hydrothermal carbons and carbonized materials contributes to the study of the so far, insufficiently clarified influence that boron incorporation has on the material characteristics.
Risk of Foot Ulcer and Lower-Extremity Amputation Among Participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study
Authors: Boyko Edward J. , Zelnick Leila R. , Braffett Barbara H. , Pop-Busui Rodica , Cowie Catherine C. , Lorenzi Gayle M. , Gubitosi-Klug Rose , Zinman Bernard , Boer Ian H. de , Group the DCCT/EDIC Research
Published: January 2022

Objective: Intensive glycemic control reduces risk of kidney, retinal,
and neurologic complications in type 1 diabetes (T1D), but whether it reduces
risk of lower extremity complications is unknown. We examined whether former intensive
versus conventional glycemic control among Diabetes Control and Complications
Trial (DCCT) participants with T1D reduced the long-term risk of diabetic foot
ulcers (DFU) and lower extremity amputations (LEA) in the subsequent
Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study.

Research Design and Methods: DCCT participants [n=1441] completed 6.5
years on average of intensive vs conventional diabetes treatment, after which
1408 were enrolled in EDIC and followed annually over 23 years for DFU and LEA
occurrences by physical examination. Multivariable Cox models estimated
associations of DCCT treatment assignment and time-updated exposures with DFU
or LEA.

Results: Intensive versus conventional glycemic control was associated
with a significant risk reduction for all DFU (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% CI
0.60 to 0.97), and a similar magnitude but nonsignificant risk reduction for first
recorded DFU (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.03) and first LEA (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.36
to 1.36). In adjusted Cox models, clinical neuropathy, lower sural nerve
conduction velocity and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy were associated
with higher DFU risk; eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, albuminuria, and
macular edema with higher LEA risk; and any retinopathy and greater time-weighted
mean DCCT/EDIC HbA1c with higher risk
of both outcomes (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Early intensive glycemic control decreases long-term DFU risk,
the most important antecedent in the causal pathway to LEA.
PENDEKATAN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS (STEM): DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS DAN LITERASI AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Imeysa Yovi , Farida Farida , Suherman Suherman , Agnesa Tia
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) learning approach on the ability to understand mathematical concepts in terms of students' Al-Qur'an literacy. This research is a Quasy Experimental Design research with a 2×3 factorial research design. The data collection techniques in this study were in the form of a concept understanding test and an Al-Qur'an literacy questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is the normality test and homogeneity test, and the Two-way ANOVA test. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there was an effect of the STEM learning approach (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) on the ability to understand students' mathematical concepts in the material of Building Flat Side Space. There is no influence of Al-Qur'an literacy on the ability to understand students' mathematical concepts in the material of Constructing Flat Sided Space. There is no interaction between the treatment of the STEM learning approach (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) with the Al-Qur'an literacy category on the ability to understand mathematical concepts in the matter of Constructing Flat Sided Space.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MATERI LINGKARAN BERBASIS PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION UNTUK SISWA SMP/MTS
Authors: Alawiyah Tuti , Kartini Kartini , Siregar Syarifah Nur
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to develop valid and practical circle materials based on a realistic mathematics education approach to facilitate the mathematical understanding ability of eighth-grade students of SMP/MTs. This research and development used the ADDIE development model covering the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The subjects of the small group trial were 6 eighth-grade students of SMPN 21 Pekanbaru. The data were collected using a validity sheet for validity and a questionnaire for practicality. Based on the results of the analysis of the obtained data, the average validity reached 85.5 with a very valid category and average practicality of 93.45 with a very practical category. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed materials are valid and practical.