bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three forms of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Antarctic waters
Authors: Pitman Robert L. , Ensor Paul
Published: April 2023

This paper provides field descriptions and biological observations of three different forms of killer whale (Orcinus orca) that occur in Antarctica based on field observations and a review of available photographs. Identifications were based on the relative size and orientation of the white eyepatch and the presence or absence of a dorsal cape. Type A (presumably the nominate form) has a medium-sized eyepatch oriented parallel to the body axis, no dorsal cape, it occurs mainly off-shore in ice-free water, has a circumpolar distribution and apparently preys mainly upon Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis). Type B also has an eyepatch oriented parallel to the body axis, but the eyepatch is at least twice as large as in Type A, it has a dorsal cape, mainly inhabits inshore waters, regularly occurs in pack-ice, is distributed around the continent and is regularly sighted in the Antarctic Peninsula area. Although it may also prey upon Antarctic minke whales and possibly humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), seals seem to be the most important prey item. Type C has a small, forward-slanted eyepatch, a dorsal cape, inhabits inshore waters and lives mainly in the pack-ice; it occurs mostly off East Antarctica, and to date it has been recorded feeding only on Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni). Type C appears to be referable to Orcinus glacialis as described by Berzin and Vladimirov (1983). Although similar ecological specialisations have been reported for sympatric killer whale populations in the Northeast Pacific (i.e. an inshore mammal-eater, an inshore fish-eater and an offshore form), the extent of morphological divergence, habitat segregation and, perhaps, reproductive isolation, appears to be more pronounced among Antarctic populations. Although under a Biological Species Concept these forms appear to warrant separate species status, it will be important to show that this interpretation is consistent with results of molecular genetic analyses and additional morphological studies.
The Correlation of Cancer and Alzheimer’s through Biochemical Pathways
Authors: Muthu Kumaran Sanjith , Appavu Rajagopal
Published: April 2023

Cancer and Alzheimer’s are two diseases that affect the cell life cycle bringing about either improper cell division (abnormal growth) or unnatural cell death due to the change in the cell’s mechanisms or environment.

We can confirm that cancer is caused by mutations in genes of cells while Alzheimer’s is caused by tau tangles or amyloid beta clumps-caused by mutations to certain genes. But we don’t know the biology or inner workings of these causes. While we have speculated and found several causers, we have no actual confirmation on a main culprit. Instead, it must be a multitude of different gene mutations that result in the diseases. But recently we have found several biologic mechanisms where the two diseases find common ground, as we have found consistently that they both share common mechanisms. This can lead to a never explored background that can cure both.
Navigating Desi American Cultural Identity
Authors: Dhinaker Chandha , Haisler Jim
Published: April 2023

The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 began a major shift in US immigration patterns, with Indian immigration seeing a notable uptick in the late 1900s. As Indian immigrant populations began increasing in the United States, the predominantly Christian America began to increase tolerance towards religions previously viewed as “heathenistic” (i.e., Hinduism). Understanding the impact Asian-Indian immigrants have had on the cultural and religious landscape of the Western world is essential in order to conceptualize and navigate the true depth of South Asian cultural identities. Thus, it becomes crucial to acknowledge these cultural placements not as a haphazard assemblage of identities, but rather as a product of relationships with religion and the adoption of both ethnic and racial identifying terms. A more assiduous exploration of the comprehensive history of Hinduism in America and the discourse of social identity development as a Desi-American illuminates the dichotomous relationship between religion and socialization in the formation of cultural identity. For South Asian Americans especially, the contiguity of learned cultures, in addition to the cultural environment an individual is raised in plays a significant role in the construction of one’s identity. Consequently, the differences in identity development and perspectives between two Indian sub-groups in the US (first-generation/Indian-born; second-generation/American-born) can be understood by canvassing several socio-cultural factors of influence such as the level of interplay within culture and religion in the social landscape, availability and access to temples, nomenclature used for personal identification, and conformity to the “Model Minority” myth.
Microplastics Not Shown to Affect Coral Health in the Field Like in Laboratory Studies
Authors: Garcia-Yao SydneyBlu , Field Jeffrey
Published: April 2023

Microplastics, an emerging pollutant shorter than 5mm, pose a significant threat as their concentrations increase. With coral reef health in decline, particularly due to rising temperatures, concerns on the effect of microplastics on reef health have arisen. Previous studies investigating this relationship in laboratories have poorly imitated the complexity of field conditions. Therefore, this study explores the effect of microplastics on coral health in the field globally to better understand this pollutant’s threat. By utilizing two databases and filtering data points to those within a 0.2 degree overlap (longitude and latitude), coral mortality, and secondarily, bleaching, were analyzed against the amount of microplastics. Data cleaning was performed to remove invalid or non-quantitative values such as “low” and “severe.” Initial analysis revealed that all variables lacked a normal distribution, and various transformations failed to produce a normal curve. Hence, nonparametric statistical tests were used, such as Spearman’s Rank Correlation. Mortality data exhibited a weak positive correlation to microplastics; however, at lower quantities of microplastics, there was a range in coral mortality, while at higher quantities, only high mortality values were present. The same analysis conducted with bleaching data showed no correlation. This suggests microplastics are a factor adversely affecting coral mortality but not bleaching in conjunction with other environmental concerns. Hence, these findings do not support that of laboratory studies, which find significant negative effects to coral. This study demonstrates the need for further field research to understand microplastics’ role compared to other threats corals face.
Using a Logistic Regression and K Nearest Neighbor Model to Accurately Diagnose Breast Cancer
Authors: Srinivasan Shridhula , Srinivasan Mridula , Tatachari Govind
Published: April 2023

Breast cancer is one of the most dangerous and rapidly growing diseases in the world. Diagnosing breast cancer is expensive, difficult, and time-consuming. However, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms can help physicians to diagnose people with breast cancer at an early stage which will help people to avoid exhaustive treatments. The objective of our research was to classify if someone has malignant or benign cancer. We used the Wisconsin Breast Cancer dataset which was obtained from the UCI repository to create models using supervised learning. We used K Nearest Neighbors, and Logistic Regression algorithms to obtain a model with high accuracy. Both the models had an accuracy of 97%. In the future, the model can be enhanced to be more accurate and accessible to people. This research can help others to create models to predict various other cancers. In the future, we would also like to improve the model by using other methods like image recognition and reducing the input from the user to make it more accurate and accessible.
The Photometric Analysis and Classification of High Amplitude δ Scuti: AE Ursae Majoris
Authors: Kheni Yash , Pandit Vedang
Published: April 2023

AE UMa, a Population I high amplitude Delta Scuti (HADS), was observed for 4 nights through 14-21 March 2022. 454 Visual CMOS observations and 11 new times of maxima were obtained over a period of ~19.4 hours in total. Using python coding and Fourier analysis, a fundamental frequency ƒ0 = 11.6251 cd-1 was established and further observation of amplitudes of light maxima led to beat phenomenon period Pb = 0.29360 d. Subsequently, the first overtone frequency ƒ1 = 15.0316 cd-1 was calculated and the period ratio = 0.7734 was found to be relatively unchanged from Szeidl (1974). Thereafter, the period ratio-metallicity correlation determined by Hintz et al. (1997b) was used to estimate the metallicity [Fe/H] of AE UMa. I concluded that AE UMa is incorrectly classified as a Pop. II HADS (SX Phoenicis) and should be grouped with Pop. I HADS.
The Psychological Role of Retribution in Justice-Related and Punitive Decision-Making
Authors: Ghosh Avani
Published: April 2023

Justice is the idea that fairness and moral righteousness is upheld in society. When individuals act in ways that contradict the rules or laws of society, they are punished by others so that society can achieve justice. However, justice is extremely subjective and varies between individuals. Based on their perception of these concepts, the way in which individuals and even societies punish also vary. 

This paper aims to explore the role of retribution--a significant pillar of justice--in the perception of justice and punishment.

Through critical evaluation of psychological studies on the issue and reference to secondary sources for supplemental information, this review concludes that retribution significantly guides justice-related and punitive decision-making. 

This is mainly because individuals rely on heuristic-based System 1 thinking, which is associated with retribution. Additionally, individuals are likely to have stronger emotional reactions in these situations, thereby allowing their amygdala to influence their decision-making with retribution. Finally, schemas play a significant role in one’s behavior. When individuals have seen examples of others being motivated by retribution to punish and attain justice, they learn and develop scripts for how to punish and attain justice based on retribution as well. 

Understanding the human psyche and personal motives for justice is important as the ideas that uphold justice can also encroach upon it. Through studying this topic more carefully, individuals can better understand and critically look at legal systems of justice and whether retribution truly helps achieve justice, or if it is simply a psychological reaction for vengeance.
A Exploratory data analysis to understand the causes of global warming and application of soft computing techniques to develop its forecasting model
Authors: Mahajan Aarush , Jain Reetu
Published: April 2023

Global warming (GW) is one of the major effects of human activity where excessive use of fossil fuels as energy sources has led to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as CO2, CH4, and water vapour, in the atmosphere one of the main reason to increase the average surface temperature. This study analyzes the time-series data to come to a rational conclusion about the role of GW in increasing sea-water level, the reason for the increase in GHG and the correlation of GHG to GW. In this direction time-series analysis is carried out on four different datasets. The first and second dataset comprises global temperature anomalies data and the cumulative changes in seawater level for the world’s oceans since 1880. The third and fourth dataset comprises the records of concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere since 1st AD and the last 4 ice age years respectively. Finally, forecasting models are developed based on Holt’s and SARIMA techniques to predict the global temperature anomaly, the concentration of GHGs and their correlation with GW. The developed models showed 74.6%, 94.5% and 95.7% accuracy in predicting temperature anomaly, CO2, and CH4 concentration in the atmosphere respectively. The strength of the forecasting model is its ability to compute the critical values of the factors. Therefore, the forecasting models are applied to predict the year in which the critical values of the factors contributing to GW will be attained.
Impact of Note-Taking Mediums on Memory Recognition
Authors: Khurana Tamanna , Frishman Jonathan
Published: April 2023

Note-taking has been the key mechanism for information keeping and an integral part of academic success. Given the benefits of note-taking in learning, it is very important to identify the most effective technique. Past research conducted on college students and adults have underlined some of the key methods commonly used to take down notes, such as digital note-taking or hand written note-taking, but the conclusions are insufficient in reference to the wider age group and digital redesign of the learning system. 

A sample size of 33 students, between the ages 13-18 and enrolled in at least two of the advanced courses at a high school, were selected to watch a video and randomly assigned to use one of the three options of note-taking mediums—typing, handwriting or no-note taking at all. After the video, a distractor task of multiplication problems, an assessment, and a post-experimental survey were administered. A one way ANOVA test was conducted using the students’ assessment scores. The results revealed that typing notes was the most efficient note-taking medium, with the highest memory retention of the material.
Using Supervised Machine Learning to Predict House Prices
Authors: Tsai Alexander , Nguyen Hieu
Published: April 2023

Given the recent influx of prices in the housing market, determining a fair housing price has been of high interest for many homebuyers and sellers alike. In this project, various machine learning models are used to predict the price of a house based on physical features and characteristics such as lot size and neighborhood. Extensive data preprocessing and feature engineering were employed to aid the models’ performance compared to other models in the market. The best models have been able to predict U.S houses’ prices within a RMSE value of $23,000 when the mean price of a house in the dataset is $180,000. In future research, this model can be implemented in various other places within the U.S and additional features can improve performance further.
Digital Marketing in the Makeup Industry - Attraction and Retention of Generation Z
Authors: Sahu Meghna , Karnuta Kyle
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the changing nature of marketing, especially by the makeup industry, as Generation Z increasingly employs its growing purchasing power. What do attraction and retention marketing tactics look like as brands seek to win Generation Z consumers? The research investigated the significance of Generation Z’s purchasing power, and found that younger consumers value personal connections, authenticity, and engaging with brands over digital platforms. Specifically in the makeup industry, social media, beauty influencer partnerships, and storytelling are employed to attract Generation Z. Brand communities, satisfying consumers, and loyalty programs are used to retain the younger consumers. A case study of the makeup brand Glossier illustrates how a digitally native brand uses digital tactics to win over the tech-savvy generation.
The Analysis of High School Students’ Perception and Knowledge of Renewable and Nuclear Energy
Authors: Chen William , Chen Trevor
Published: April 2023

While the public's perception and knowledge of renewable and nuclear energy sources have been studied extensively, not as much emphasis has been placed on high school students. This study’s goal was to explore this topic amongst high schoolers specifically in the San Francisco Bay Area and investigate pre-existing findings while addressing gaps in previous research. From the study, positive support for renewable energy and critical opinions on nuclear energy were reciprocated. A notable gender difference regarding perception of nuclear energy was also supported: female students tended to respond more negatively toward nuclear energy compared to male students. Public school students were found to have a more positive perception toward renewable energy compared to private school students. This study also revealed school and the internet as crucial sources of renewable and nuclear energy knowledge among high school students, pointing to their significance in the spread of information about these energy types. Finally, a weak positive correlation between the perception of nuclear and renewable energies was discovered.
Allez Go: Computer Vision and Audio Analysis for AI Fencing Referees
Authors: Mo Jason
Published: April 2023

The gradual increase in online fencing videos over the past decade has allowed for novel technical projects in fencing that rely heavily on data, such as artificial intelligence.  This study resulted in a state-of-the-art lightweight Temporal Convolutional Network to referee fencing bouts and classify actions as either a touch for the fencer on the left, or the fencer on the right. To address this problem, we developed a pose estimation and audio analysis approach to autonomously referee fencing bouts. Using a custom dataset of international level fencing from the last 7 years, including ~4000 unique clips, our model achieved an accuracy of 89.1%, a 20% increase over previous state-of-the-art models. This model leverages advancements in human pose estimation to extract the position of both fencers and avoids high computational loads typically associated with CNNs. Additionally, it uses a novel technique to solve the issue of blade contact, a key component of refereeing fencing that was generally unaddressed in previous works. Our novel approach uses audio to ‘listen’ for the sound of blade contact rather than attempting to identify it visually.
An Experimental Investigation on the Generation of Lift by a Flat Plate
Authors: Wild Graham , Wild Graham
Published: April 2023

Background: The aviation industry is not only essential for travel around a large country such as Australia, but it is also a significant part of the economy employing many people, including pilots. With the industry’s growth, there is a need to train and educate more pilots, who require a correct working knowledge of lift and flight. Aim: The purpose of this study was to experimentally measure the lift generated by a flat plate to demonstrate that the shape of a wing is not important to the lift produced in a low-cost repeatable manner. Method: A small wind tunnel was constructed, with a flat plate airfoil mounted on digital scales to measure lift and an Arduino controlling servos to alter the angle of attack in the airflow. Results: The measured lift slope of 0.113/deg agrees with the theoretical value of 0.109/deg. This was achieved with a total cost of less than $200 USD. Conclusions: The findings show that a flat plate produces as much lift as a curved airfoil, which can be readily shown in a simple homemade wind tunnel. Recommendations: Education and training materials in high school science and in aviation training syllabi need to be modified to correctly explain how lift is generated.
Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Detect Fake News
Authors: Gao Qiheng , Lantz Nicole
Published: April 2023

Fake news has been a growing threat in the modern world. A major reason why fake news is so dangerous and effective is due to the difficulties of distinguishing it from correct news, if there was a way to detect fake news accurately, its negative impact could be significantly minimized. Previous studies have already found that fake news differentiated itself substantially from real news in terms of words used and the structure of the texts, implying the possibility of differentiation. One possible method of detecting fake news is Machine Learning. Utilizing artificial intelligence to detect patterns within the text of fake and real news articles. In this paper, we test the capability of the Machine Learning Algorithms in detecting fake news using four different types of models, SVM, Multinomial NB, Gradient Boosting, and Gradient Boosting with LDA. We find that all four models had a high success rate of over 90%, with the LDA+Gradient Boosting model performing the best, and Multinomial NB being the least successful. We also attempt to determine the topics that fake news tends to cover and found that fake news is often about politics. While the model has proven to be successful, we recommend that future testing be done on other datasets with greater variety in news sources.
Alternative Medicine for Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents - an exploratory study
Authors: Ashokraja Vaishnnavi , Kethar1 Josthana
Published: April 2023

Natural antidepressants have been used since ancient times. Most modern medicines are derived from the same organic molecules as natural herbal medicines but tend to be highly concentrated versions of the organic molecules, making modern medicine unbalanced. This leads to many side effects compared to herbal medicines because herbal medicines look at the problem holistically. Herbal medicines have counteractive ingredients to assure proper dosage and effect. Stress, anxiety, and depression have been a part of society for as long as there has been a society. These experiences are often normal, albeit not always desirable. Currently, ayurvedic medicine, alternative medicine, and herbal remedies are making an entrance into the medical and pharmaceutical worlds with osteopathic medicines and practices. There is minimal research on alternative medical fields; therefore this research paper is meant to bring awareness and help ease symptoms of depression using alternative/ayurvedic medicine. This research paper supports the hypothesis that alternative medicine works better than man-made antidepressants in reversing damage to neutrons and restoring mood and hormone levels.
A Review of Current and Novel Methods of Medical Waste Management
Authors: Kim Val , Saunders Glenn , Tahir Maryam
Published: April 2023

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), high-income and low-income countries generate on average up to 0.5 kg and 0.2kg of hazardous waste per hospital bed per day, respectively. However, hazardous waste only accounts for 15% of total medical waste. The amount of total medical waste has increased over time, especially with medical supplies ordered during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the paper is to increase awareness of the problem regarding the difficulties of medical waste management and discuss possible solutions to these challenges. This review will inquire into the various methods of medical waste management, their current statuses, and their environmental, economic, and social impacts. Types of medical waste include pharmaceuticals, blood/blood-related products, sharps, body parts/tissues/organs, contaminated equipment, and COVID-19 products. The author describes in detail the environmental, economic, and social implications of the use of landfills, incineration, steam sterilization, sewage, and common forms of improper disposal, during which the author discusses impacts such as leaching and social disparities faced by developing countries. The author also considers economic and environmentally friendly medical waste management such as redistribution of medical supplies to vet clinics as well as innovative medical waste management technologies including thermal plasma treatment and plasma pyrolysis. The author suggests that medical waste management focuses on economical methods that have small environmental impacts and large social benefits such as methods of redistribution.
Should Automotive Firms Opt Into Green Innovation?
Authors: Nakayama Noah , Yan Qinghan
Published: April 2023

In recent years, increasing social, stakeholder, and regulatory pressures have pushed automotive firms to invest in green innovation in an attempt to lower their harmful effects on the environment. They may choose to either put resources into developing green initiatives or further develop their core competencies as a firm. Previous studies find positive correlation between green initiatives: green product innovation, green process innovation, green marketing, and green supply chain management with firm image, sustainable development, and financial performance. The study proposes a model to build a conceptual framework of ideal market and timing conditions when undergoing green innovation as an automotive firm as well as an application and implications of the concepts within the existing market and regulatory environment.
Intermedial journey through Última Esperanza and the Milodón cave. Photographs by Martin Gusinde in retrospect.
Authors:   Universidad de Tarapacá, Palma Marisol , Osorio Francisco
Published: April 2023

The article proposes an exercise of historical and symbolic reconstruction, by intertwining two independent media products: a part of Martin Gusinde's second travel diary written in Última Esperanza in February 1920 and the unpublished photographs of the territory that he took during his stay with the Eberhard family and excursions to the Milodón cave. The photographs are analyzed from a medial approach in their articulations and imbrications with their writings. The travel diary, as well as the unpublished photographs taken in situ, are part of the Anthropos Institut (Germany) archive. In the reconstruction process of a retrospective of the visual journey carried out by Gusinde a century ago, the support of mountain guides was include.
Public Debt Sustainability in Nigeria
Authors: Anisiobi Chinwe Ann , Okeke Callistus Tabansi , Maureen Okaforocha Chika
Published: April 2023

Public debt is a vital instrument for governments to fund public expenditure. This paper examined the public debt sustainability and economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data from 1981 to 2021 and the generalized method of moments (GMM) technique. The variables used in the study include; Real GDP, external debt, domestic debt, debt servicing and government consumption. To capture the period the country was given debt relieve fund we used debt relief dummy. The effect of recession on the economy was captured using recession dummy. The empirical result showed that debt overhang exists with inverted U-shaped debt Laffer curve. The optimum public debt threshold range is 30% – 40% while the threshold benchmark is 36% for composite debt stock and 33% for external debt stock. Based on the findings, the paper recommends that Nigerian government should ensure optimal utilization of external debt to avoid crowding out of investments and also the existence of debt overhang.
Limitations of the Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Assay in the Diagnosis of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Authors: Rusman Zety Wizana , C. Thambiah Subashini , Samsudin Intan Nureslyna , Anas Siti Sharina , Staneshwar Pavai
Published: April 2023

A 31-year-old lady presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding during her first trimester of pregnancy. Based on the ultrasound findings and the decreasing hCG trend (from 1040 mIU/mL to 759 mIU/mL), a diagnosis of missed miscarriage was made. A week later, the patient presented with heavy vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound findings showed classic snowstorm appearance suggestive of complete hydatidiform mole. The serum hCG level however, was 357 mIU/mL. In a case of hydatiform mole with inappropriately low hCG, analytical interference was suspected. Post- dilution serum hCG of 5,775,000 mIU/mL confirmed the presence of hook effect in a two-site hCG immunoassay. Discordance between serum hCG and clinical findings should be actively investigated by the laboratory to prevent delay in diagnosis and treatment. This case also highlights the need for clinicians to be aware of the hCG assay used in their hospital’s laboratory so that they may recognise false negative hCG results.
Fuzzy Hidden Markov Model Using Aggregation Operators
Authors: Said Broumi , Nagarajan D. , Kavikumar J. , Gobinath V. M.
Published: April 2023

The Fuzzy Markov Model is a fascinating domain for dealing with ambiguity in real-world scenarios. In type-2 fuzzy set (T2F), it has an uncertainty footprint, and the region circumscribed by the lower and upper interval membership functions is uncertain. In fuzzy sets, triangular norms (t-norms) are a valuable tool for understanding the conjunction in fuzzy logic and, as a result, determining where fuzzy sets intersect. Norms and conforms in triangular operations that generalise logical conjunction and disjunction. They also provide a natural explanation for the conjunction and disjunction in mathematical fuzzy logic semantics. Fuzzy Frank t-norms have been used to verify this t-norm as there are many of the aggregation qualities of trapezoidal interval type-2 numbers (TpIT2FNs) because triangular norm meets the compatibility with Frank norms. Frank t-norms provide more flexibility and robustness; this requires more justification in the information fusion process than other t-norms. Previous works on not concentrate on Frank's norms. Other aggregation works on norms that are not flexible to get the solution. Because of that, the Frank norms are used for the hidden Markov model. We have also used them in the Viterbi method with TpIT2FNs for Fuzzy hidden Markov model in the staff selection process.
 
Received: 13 January 2023 | Revised: 21 March 2023 | Accepted: 4 April 2023
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Broumi Said: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing – review & editing, Supervision. D. Nagarajan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Supervision. J. Kavikumar: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. V. M. Gobinath: Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing
ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE PACIENTES CON COVID- 19 Y SU RELACIÓN CON MORTALIDAD, ESTANCIA EN UCI Y ALCANCE DE META CALÓRICA Y PROTEICA
Authors:   Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Lema Rocío , Carelli David , Vollweiler Flavia , Antonini Mirta , Sayar Romina
Published: April 2023

Introduction: it is essential to know the nutritional status at admission and to monitor compliance with the times of reaching nutritional goals, however, discrepancies are usually observed between the requirement and the actual supply of nutrients. The objective was to describe the nutritional status at admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), to determine the time to reach caloric and protein goals of enteral nutrition and to compare them according to the presence of malnutrition due to excess. To determine if there are differences in ICU stay and mortality in relation to nutritional status. Materials and methods: descriptive, observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Results: the sample was made up of 40 patients. 40% (95% CI 25.28-56.60) were overweight. 97.5% (95% CI 86.4-99.93) were at risk of malnutrition. The median time to reach the caloric goal was 4 days and 7 days protein. There was no significant difference between the time of reaching the goals and malnutrition due to excess. There was also no evidence of a difference in relation to ICU stay or mortality. The main reasons for nutritional inadequacy were: digestive causes, interruptions in the supply of high-protein enteral products, and unknown causes. Conclusion: most critically ill patients with COVID-19 have excess malnutrition. There is an early reach of the caloric and late goal in reference to the protein without differences in relation to malnutrition due to excess. Key words: covid-19; overweight; energy goal; protein goal, ICU stay.
Noninvasive Measurement of Aortic Pressure and Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Hypertension: An Observational Study
Authors: Sathe Sunil , Inamdar MK , Sathe Archana , Tiwaskar Mangesh
Published: April 2023

Aim: Arterial stiffness, a major marker of vascular impedance, has been identified as a predictor of adverse cardiac outcomes. The present study determined the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness measured noninvasively using a periscope in hypertensive patients. It has also evaluated the usefulness of indices of arterial stiffness in cardiovascular (CV) risk stratification and the necessity to implement these aortic pressure parameters in clinical practice. Methods: The prospective, observational study involved patients with hypertension between the age of 18 and 80 years. The demographic and anthropometric measurements of all the participants were recorded and various central and peripheral (brachial) arterial pressure parameters were measured using a periscope. The clinical variables were compared separately for different CV risk grades and arterial stiffness index (ASI) using Kruskal–Wallis test for non-normal data and chi-square test for count data. The correlation of different parameters with CV risk grade and ASI were evaluated using Spearmen’s correlation method. The agreement of different ASI indices with CV risk grades was assessed using Kappa method. Results: The study recruited a total of 3,032 patients with hypertension. Classification of the subjects for CV risk grades had demonstrated that major proportion of the patients (n = 713) had moderate and severe CV risks (n = 708). The classification of hypertensive patients for arterial stiffness had shown that 1,037 subjects had severe arterial stiffness. Classification of arterial stiffness based on BP levels had demonstrated that 623 patients with severe arterial stiffness and 315 with borderline arterial stiffness had stage II hypertension, and 480 patients with normal BP had no arterial stiffness. Brachial ASI had a strong correlation with systolic BP (SBP). A very good agreement with K value 0.871 was noted for Kappa agreement of arterial stiffness indices with CV risk. Conclusion: The present study corroborates the use of central BP parameters as indicators of arterial stiffness in hypertensive subjects. Noninvasive measurement of these indices has wider implications in personalized risk assessment of CV risk in subjects with hypertension.
Correlation with Critical Care Scoring Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III
Authors: Mahashabde Madhulika , R Murukoti Sonika , Chaudhary Gaurav , Kanchi Gangadharam , Patil Rahul
Published: April 2023

Background: Thyroid hormones have a crucial role in adapting the metabolic functions during stress and critical illness. Patients who are critically ill may have profound changes in thyroid hormone metabolism. Non-thyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS) is one among them, in which there is marked abnormality seen in the thyroid hormone levels. Hence this study is to understand the alterations of the thyroid function tests (TFTs) encountered in critically ill patients admitted in medical intensive care unit (MICU) without primary thyroid disease and to correlate with the severity of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE III) scoring. Methods: The study was conducted on 100 critically ill patients with no previous thyroid disorders, admitted in MICU in the Department of General Medicine in a tertiary care hospital between September 2017 and August 2019 who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Out of 100 critically ill patients the abnormal thyroid function prevalence was seen in 78% patients. The most common abnormality seen in our study was low total triiodothyronine (TT3) (61%) followed by low free triiodothyronine (FT3) (36%), low total thyroxine (TT4) (29%), high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (18%), and low free thyroxine (FT4) (12%). Low TT3, TT4, and FT3 values had a significant correlation with increasing critical severity score of APACHE III with a p value which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: With increase in severity of critical illness assessed by APACHE III, TFT, that is, TT3, TT4, and FT3 levels were decreasing, suggestive of increasing non-thyroidal illness in critically ill patients.
Food Security and Social Development of Regions: International Experience
Authors: Brimbetova N. Zh. , Temirova G. K. , Sultanaev A. A.
Published: April 2023

Food security is an economic category officially accepted in international practice, used to describe the state of the food market of a country or group of countries, as well as the world market that provides guaranteed access to all social groups. As world experience shows, special state bodies developed in the agro-industrial sphere have been established in all countries, performing the functions of regulating and protecting the agricultural sector and the agricultural food market. The main goal of our research work is to determine and prove the current level of food safety. At the same time, the social development of leading countries and determination of Kazakhstan’s priorities in this field using domestic food security policy. Materials on the regulation and support of food security in the USA and Brazil, which are of interest to other countries, are presented and analyzed. Our research paper also presents the policy of food security in China and the Russian Federation. Food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan is provided. In our opinion, a necessary and sufficient condition for food security is economic growth, which leads to an increase in food production, real incomes of people, and an active policy on the part of the state to help the poor. Ensuring food security is associated with the impact of various factors and conditions: as it is the driving force, the cause of the process, and the phenomenon. Food security is influenced by political, social, economic, natural and other factors.
Internal Migration of Youth in Megacities as a Factor Influencing the Migration of Youth Abroad (on the Example of Almaty)
Authors: Jussibaliyeva A. K. , Iskakova D. M. , Kurmanalina A. A. , Duisenbayeva B. B. , Iskakova D. B.
Published: April 2023

Internal migration is a transitional moment for young people to migrate abroad. This article aims to study city infrastructure as a factor influencing the internal migration of young people to big cities. This is one of the country’s problems because it results in a «brain drain» abroad. There is a need to consider these factors. The study examines young people involved in internal migration who arrived in Almaty, aged 14 - 29. The methodology of this study is based on the method of Everett S. Lee. It analyzes factors influencing the internal migration of young people to cities with a population of one million. The article discusses objective factors that constrain or stimulate the migration process between regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. These factors include the number of universities and colleges, the number of employers, medical and entertainment institutions, etc. These indicators were grouped into four factors: education, health care, entertainment and employment. For data analysis and processing, generalization and systematization methods were used. Data for factor estimation was obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics and other official sources for the period 2014 - 2021. Correlation-regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS program to determine the relationship between internal migration and city infrastructure indicators. Results obtained showed a significant relationship between the internal migration of young people and educational and health organizations. Education is seen as one of the main factors in the internal and external migration of young people. Therefore, the development of higher education and employment rates is essential to prevent brain drain.
Expression levels of Ki-67 and cyclin D1 in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its prognosis
Authors: Cahyanur Rahmat , Irawan Cosphiadi , Lisnawati  , Eddy Yunus Reyhan , Adham Marlinda
Published: April 2023

Introduction and Aim: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) prognosis has been associated with cyclin D1 and Ki-67. These tumor markers had never been tested in NPC patients in Indonesia before. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the relationships between Ki-67 and cyclin D1 expression levels and the clinicopathological features of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients.
 
Materials and Methods: During the years 2015 until 2018, thirty-one nasopharyngeal cancer patients were studied in a cohort study at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Patients aged 18 years, diagnosed with NPC according to the histopathological results, metastasis NPC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0–1, and those who had completed first-line chemotherapy treatment with 5–fluorouracil were included in this study. The Ki-67 and cyclin D1 expression levels were evaluated with the h-score. The NLR values were collected prior to the treatment. The 2-year survival rate was analyzed based on the optimal cut-off value obtained. The optimal cut-off values of Ki-67 and cyclin D1 were categorized into high- and low-expression groups to observe the 2-year mortality.
 
Results: The relationships between Ki-67 and cyclin D1, clinical, pathological, and prognosis of patients were examined. Patients with Ki-67 high expression had a worse 2-year survival rate than those with low expression (p0.05). Ki-67 expression was found to be significantly related to adverse outcomes (p0.05, OR: 41.107, 95% CI: 2.600–649.940), while the cyclin D1 expression was not significantly related to adverse outcomes (p0.05).
 
Conclusion: Ki-67 expression was associated with poor prognosis in NPC patients. Nevertheless, further research is required to explore the specific mechanism of cyclin D1 expression in NPC prognosis.
Democracia Escolar: onde você se coloca na Avaliação em Larga Escala?
Authors: Nunes Neto Antonio Gonçalves , Verdiano Poliana Zacarias
Published: April 2023

O SAEB aponta a proficiência e o fluxo escolar como mecanismo que possibilita o índice do IDEB, sendo este criado no ano de 2007. Sob este cenário, concluímos o papel crucificador dos docentes diante as metas impostas pelo Plano Nacional de Educação (2014 – 2024), os quais são submetidos a excessivos treinamentos dos objetos de conhecimento reforçado pela BNCC (2017), listados nas provas de Língua Portuguesa e Matemática. Ao lançarmos a possibilidade do debate de um tema tão polêmico que são as avaliações educacionais no Brasil, em especial a Avaliação em Larga Escala, o presente estudo documental e bibliográfico versa no propósito de fomentar a reflexão ampla do conceito qualidade, ponto essencial a qual sustenta e justifica a criação da avaliação supracitada. Cabe ainda destacar que a Avaliação em Larga Escala rompe qualquer abertura para os espaços democráticos dentro do espaço escolar.
La Plata, abril de 1983: Estudiantes contra la dictadura en la Universidad
Authors:   Encuentro Franja del 83
Published: April 2023

El lunes 11 de abril de 1983 un grupo de jóvenes universitarios impulsores de la Federación Universitaria de La Plata convocó a sus pares de las diferentes unidades académicas, a realizar Asambleas para tratar –entre otras cosas– la eliminación del artículo 54 del Estatuto de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. No imaginaban lo que iba a suceder.

Por entonces, la representación estudiantil mayoritaria era la Agrupación Franja Morada, identificada con la Unión Cívica Radical. En esas jornadas de abril de 1983 participaron agrupaciones de las más diversas corrientes políticas en las marchas, la elaboración de carteles y documentos, los cánticos, las mateadas y comidas en común, la toma simbólica del Rectorado. Existía un objetivo en común y un solo enemigo, a saber: la dictadura

Este libro tiene como modesto objetivo evocar esos momentos únicos, a través del testimonio de aquellos jóvenes partícipes de los hechos, identificados con la Agrupación Franja Morada de las diferentes Facultades de la UNLP. En el seno de este grupo surgió la idea de hacer un acto en abril de 2023, al cumplirse los 40 años de la toma del rectorado y pensamos que si dejábamos testimonio de aquellos días, iba a ser más enriquecedor. Para que no se pierda la memoria de unos días gloriosos durante los cuales se torció la postura intransigente de un dictador.
Perception of mothers with Covid-19 about breastfeeding on infants under 1 year old
Authors: Analuisa Jiménez Eulalia Isabel , Chaglla Muyulema Luis Adrian
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Breastfeeding is very essential in the development of the neonate, this should be exclusive within the first six months of life, with the arrival of the pandemic by COVID-19, it was affected in mothers who felt fear  of infecting their children desisted from continuing breastfeeding for fear of transmitting the virus through the milk when feeding the newborns, some mothers had to adapt to the recommendations provided by doctors to continue feeding, taking into account biosecurity. Objective: To identify the perception of mothers with COVID-19 about breastfeeding on infants under 1 year old of age. Method: The research is qualitative with a phenomenological approach, with a purposeful sample, the information was collected through semi-structured interviews with mothers with this type of phenomenology. Results: It was evidenced that most of the mothers carried out the corresponding isolation and continued breastfeeding with biosecurity measures according to medical directions; likewise, other mothers chose to stop breastfeeding for fear of infecting their babies. Conclusions: BF should be maintained even though mothers are diagnosed with COVID-19 with the support of health staff to provide information on how to breastfeed taking into account all biosafety measures and to prevent mothers from stopping breastfeeding because of fear of infecting their babies.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DAS TICS (TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO) NO SISTEMA ESCOLAR A PARTIR DE MUDANÇAS NOS MODELOS E PARADIGMAS EDUCACIONAIS
Authors: Andrade Juliana da Silva
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho de pesquisa procura refletir sobre a utilização das TICs (Tecnologias de Informação e de Comunicação) no âmbito escolar a partir de alterações nos modelos e concepções educacionais. Partindo disso, com vistas às transformações sociais, associadas ao atual momento histórico, serão analisadas as mudanças necessárias às instituições escolares, em conjunto com a comunidade que a compõe, para que haja uma incorporação e utilização relevante dos recursos tecnológicos no processo de aprendizagem dos educandos. Para tanto, no referencial teórico foram utilizadas, reflexões de professores e escritores como: Ladislau Dowbor, Luís Paulo Mercado, José Manuel Moran, José Armando Valente, dentre outros, que trazem uma ampla visão da atual sociedade globalizada, embasada no “bem do conhecimento” e nas novas tecnologias, assim como reflexões em relação ao posicionamento e mudanças instauradas nas instituições escolares diante de tal quadro. A partir da realização dessa pesquisa foi possível relacionar a construção de novos paradigmas educacionais à introdução das Tics no processo escolar, atrelando a utilização destas ferramentas a um processo de ensino-aprendizagem mais estimulante, criativo e significativo.