bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of coordination of the development of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae) and its primary and secondary host plants
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection (Russian Federation, St. Petersburg – Pushkin), Gandrabur E.S. , Vereschagina A.B. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection (Russian Federation, St. Petersburg – Pushkin)
Published: November 2020

For example of the bird cherry-oat aphid, the analysis of the timing of development in the “plant-phytophage” system in heterocyclic aphids with alternation of the primary (winter, arboreal) host plant to the secondary (summer, herbaceous) ones was done. The similarity in the phenology of colonization by aphids of primary and secondary hosts was shown. The features of the stages of plant organogenesis and the formation of the number of aphids in connection with their harmfulness are noted. Modeling shifts in the synchronization of the work of this trophic system contributes to its destabilization.
The effect of physical mutagenic factors on some quantitative traits in the generation of M2 Sesamum indicum L.
Authors:   Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection (Chisineu, Moldova), Mogîlda A.A.
Published: November 2020

Induced mutagenesis is considered an effective and potential method for generating genetic variation in agricultural plants. The paper presents data on the influence of this physical factor on the quantitative parameters in the M2 generation of sesame samples from Zaltsadovski, Kadet, Adaptovanii 2 at a dose of 200, 300, 400 and 500 Gy (Gray). According to the results obtained, the variability of some features was revealed, which varied depending on the sample and the applied radiation dose. The greatest changes in indicators compared to control were found in the genotypes Kadet at a dose of 300 Gy and Adaptovanii (200 Gy). The spectrum of morphobiological changes in plants will also be assessed in the M3 generation.
Application of herbaria data for plant ecology, geography, and phenology
Authors:   Institute of General and Experimental Biology of SB RAS (Russia, Ulan-Ude), Sandanov D.V.
Published: November 2020

A brief review of modern studies based on herbaria specimens has been summarized. Some examples of application of herbaria data in different biological studies have been presented.
Dynamic of vegetation composition and structure due to post-agrogenic succession (Kostroma region)
Authors:   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia), Telesnina V.M.
Published: November 2020

The rate and direction of the post-agrogenic succession are determined by the features of agricultural land development in the past. After intensive application of organic fertilizers, as well as cattle grazing, the restoration of woody vegetation slows down, as well as the rate of appearance of forest species resistant to acidic conditions and low enrichment in nutrient elements in the grass. With the intensive application of organic fertilizers, nitrophilic herbal phytocenoses with low floristic diversity exist for a long time. Prolonged haying causes a reduction in the weed-ruderal stage while slowing down the appearance of forest species. At the initial stages of overgrowing for all types of use, the convergence of a number of floristic and ecological-coenotic characteristics of phytocenoses of deposits of a similar age was revealed in the past.
The first discovery leaves of angiosperms in the Middle Jurassic deposits in Eastern Siberia
Authors:   Institute of the Earth’s crust SB RAS (Irkutsk, Russia), Frolov А.О. , Enushchenko I.V. ,   Limnological Institute SB RAS (Irkutsk, Russia)
Published: November 2020

There is fossil of linear whole-marginal leaves with parallel venation in the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) sediments of the Irkutsk Coal Basin, were found. During the study of cuticle preparations it was found that leaves were steam-bearing, has anastomoses between veins, anomocytic stomata and the diamond-shaped main cells of the epidermis. Such a combination of characters is widespread in modern monocotyledonous and is absent among fossil as well as modern sporeals and gymnosperms plants. We have every reason to believe that we have found unique structures of leaves characteristic of monocotyledons. This find is the oldest among the herbaceous angiosperms of the Jurassic period, such as Yuraherba and Yukhaniya, and the first found in Siberia.
To the resource study of the Rosaceae plants with antiviral activity in Southern Siberia
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Shurupova М.N. , Shurupov V.S. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Romanets R.S. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: November 2020

The survey is directed at revealing of the natural reserves of 9 species of Rosaceae family in the Southern Siberia: Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb., Alchemilla vulgaris L. s.l., Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., F. vulgaris Moench., F. stepposa Juz., and Pentaphylloides fruticosa (L.) O. Schwarz. Raw materials of these species are considered as a strategically important source of biologically active substances with antiviral activity being perspective for pharmaceutic branch. For habitats from some regions of Southern Siberia, the resource indicators of these species are given, such as the coefficient of shrinkage, productivity, area of thickets and biological reserves.
THE MODERN VISION ON THE SYSTEM OF ASSESMENT OF THE MORALPSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF PERSONNEL
Authors: Aleschenko V. , Naval’onij E.
Published: November 2020

The article covers the issue of assessment of the moral-psychological state of personnel of the military units of the ArmedForces of Ukraine, within the framework of a general system of moral psychological support to the activity of troops (forces). Ithas been stipulated that the system of assessment has not been sufficiently developed in terms of modern military theory andpractices. The modern new approach is defined by scrutinizing the issue under research as a complex social system of militarypurpose.The main of its elements are under analyses considering the experience of the Armies of countries that are NATO-members. Itis mentioned that the main subjects of the system of assessment of the moral-psychological state of personnel are thecommanders (chiefs) and officers of the structures of moral-psychological support. Based on the analyses of differentapproaches towards the research of the moral-psychological state, it has been determined that the moral psychological state ofpersonnel – as a complex of ongoing psychological possibilities of military personnel and military teams, aimed at solving aparticular task which is the most important object of the system. The existing methods of assessment of the moral-psychologicalstate of personnel which have been under research are based on traditional methods of informational gathering and requiresimplification and automatization for a qualitive processing and interpretation of results.The necessity to improve the main elements of the system of assessment of the moral-psychological state of personnel ofmilitary units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the course of training and carrying out tasks in accordance with their purposeand its further adaptation to the standards of NATO military command has been pointed out.It has been determined, that the effective functioning of the system of assessment of the moral-psychological state is toassure the timely gathering, generalization and interpreting of data regarding to the moral readiness and psychological capabilityof the personnel of military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to perform combat tasks as such to be included in the coursetaking decisions of command and control.There are argumented recommendations provided on the improvement of the system of assessment of the moralpsychologicalstate of the military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
Sorption Preconcentration Of Silver For Atomic Absorption Analysis And Antibacterial Properties Of The Acid-Modified Clinoptilolite – Ag Composite
Authors: Vasylechko V.O. , Fedorenko V.O. , Gromyko O.M. , Gryshchouk G.V. , Kalychak Y.M. , Tistechok S.I. , Us I.L. , Tupys A.
Published: November 2020

Sorptive properties of the acid-modified Transcarpathian clinoptilolite towards Ag(I) were studied under dynamic conditions. It was found that the most effective acid-modifier is 1 M HNO3 solution. The sorption capacity value of H-clinoptilolite under the optimal conditions is 6.15 mg of Ag per 1 g of zeolite. The solid-phase extraction procedure with acid-modified clinoptilolite was used to pre-concentrate trace amounts of silver ions in aqueous solutions and then finally to determine them by the atomic absorption method. Due to the acceptable recoveries (≥ 98 %) and RSD values (2.3-4.7 %) for tap and lake water, the developed method can be successfully applied for the determination of trace amounts of silver ions in the presence of major components of water. It was established that the initial form of clinoptilolite has a better antibacterial effect against E. coli than the H-form. However, antagonistic activity against S. aureus was lower than against E. coli in both forms. The combination of different forms of clinoptilolite with Ag(I) increases their antibacterial activity.
CAPM versus APT – two models in comparison
Authors: Moser Martin A.
Published: November 2020

The classic portfolio theory deals with questions about the criteria that make up an optimal securities portfolio for a market participant and how it is composed. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) forms the basis of modern financing theory. It was considered the key basic idea for the control and performance measurement of securities portfolios. In modern investment management, however, it has been increasingly replaced by multi-factor approaches, such as the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT). The APT represents the second essential basic idea for the valuation of risky investment forms. This paper describes both models and compares the model assumptions, their practical suitability as well as advantages and disadvantages and an application example. Furthermore, the question is analyzed, which perspective Behavioral Finance brings and why this perspective is not covered in CAPM and APT models. The literature review was used as the method for processing the task.
REINFECTION AFTER SARS-COV2 INFECTION: A LOOMING CONCERN
Authors:   Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medanta Hospital, Gurugram 122001., Kumar Akshay , Shiwalkar Nimisha ,   Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Health Center, Houston, TX 77030, Shaikh Juber Dastagir ,   Department of NeurologyInternal Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Mission New Bombay Hospital, Vashi, Navi Mumbai 400703, Kaur Roopvir ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India 143001, Vommaro Ana Francesca Leite ,   University of Minas Gerais,Passos, Brazil 37902-313, Persaud Purnadeo ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas City University, Kichloo Asim ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, Rodríguez-Morales Alfonso J ,   Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia,   Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de lasAméricas, Pereira, Colombia, Sah Ranjit ,   TribhuvanUniversityTeaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
Published: November 2020

Many unanswered questions remain about COVID-19 infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. One such looming concern is the possibility of reinfection of recovered cases. We conducted a literature review on various aspects of this possibility, including the case presentations of relapsed/re-infected patients, the immune response of production of neutralizing antibodies, immunity in response to coronavirus during SARS-CoV2 and MERS, possibility of false-positive results of real-time polymerase chain reaction. We concluded that further studies are required to establish whether relapse or reinfection is possible firmly. However, these possibilities point towards the needs of change in the protocol of isolation, quarantine, and discharge. It also undermines the role of the upcoming vaccine in disease prevention and treatment.
ROLE OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS IN CORONAVIRUS INFECTION AND IMMUNE RESPONSE
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology, University of Okara, Pakistan., Iqbal Muhammad Sarfaraz , Sardar Nimra ,   Department of Molecular Biology, School of Applied Biology, University of Okara, Pakistan., Akmal Wajiha ,   Department of Molecular Biology, School of Applied Biology, University of Okara, Pakistan., Sultan Rabia ,   Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Applied Biology, University of Okara, Pakistan., Abdullah Humaira ,   Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Pakistan, Qindeel Maimoona ,   Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan, Dhama Kuldeep ,   Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India., Bilal Muhammad ,   School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
Published: November 2020

The emergence of a novel coronavirus referred to as SARS-CoV-2 has become a global health apprehension due to rapid transmission tendency, severity, and wide geographical spread. This emergence was started from Wuhan, China in 2019 from the zoonotic source and spread worldwide, infecting almost half of the community on this earth. Many of the receptors are involved in proceeding with this infection in the organism's body. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play essential and protective functions from a wide range of microbial pathogens. Small setup of TLR adaptor proteins leads to activate nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and interferon-regulatory factor (IRF). Consequently, various advanced inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and interferon reaction properties can be up-regulated. Similarly, TLR flagging works on autophagy in macrophages. Autophagy is a cell response to starvation that helps to eliminate damaged cytosol organelles and persistent proteins. It is also able to prevent the replication of intracellular pathogens. Several microbes subvert the autophagy pathways to sustain their viability. This review investigates how TLRs can modulate a macrophagic system and analyze the role of natural resistance autophagy.
IFN-γ-promote innate defense against gonococcal infection via producing B cells
Authors: Tsuchimoto Yan , Hwang Rong
Published: November 2020

Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported bacterial STD. The majority of urethral infections caused by N. gonorrhoeae among men produce symptoms that cause them to seek curative treatment soon enough to prevent serious sequelae, but treatment might not be soon enough to prevent transmission to others. Among women, gonococcal infections might not produce recognizable symptoms until complications have occurred. PID can result in tubal scarring that can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy. We investigated an inducible B cell subpopulation that is significantly expanded and produces high levels of IFN-γ during the pathogen infection of gonorrhea. The identification of subpopulation of innate B cells may contribute to a better understanding the role B cell in immune regulation.
Study the association of human chorionic gonadotrophin in prediction of preeclampsia and its severity
Authors: Sh. Alghazali Basima , Farook Aboud Ashtha
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential clinical use of maternal serum free human chorionic gonadotrophine (β-hCG) in prediction of preeclampsia and its severity. Two hundred and ten blood samples were collected from patients. Twenty seven patients were developed PE. These patients were followed for up to five months (first reading at 16-20 week, second reading at 21-28 week and third reading at 29-40 week). Patients suffered from any other disease were not included in the current study. The control group consisted of one hundred and eighty subjects. They were pregnant women without preeclampsia and other complications. These patients also were followed for up to five months (first reading at 16-20 week, second reading at 21-28 week and third reading at 29-40 week). Three patients were escaped. Compared with the control, The elevation of serum β-hCG was statistically significant, P value (<0.001) in women who were developed preeclampsia (mild and sever preeclampsia) later on throughout their pregnancy at 16-20, 21-28, and at 29-40 weeks of gestation, and there is further significant increment in the level of serum β-hCG in women who develop sever preeclampsia when compared with women who develop mild preeclampsia throughout their pregnancy, p value (<0.001). We are concluded that serum β-hCG is significantly associated with preeclampsia and they can be used as a markers for prediction of preeclampsia early in pregnancy and for evaluation of its severity.
Assessment of cervical cytomorphological changes in infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI
Authors: Qasim Ban , AR-al wasiti Estabraq
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study is to assess cervical cytomormophological changes in cervical smears taken from infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI compared with normal fertile women. A case-control study of 100 cases were included, 50 infertile group and 50 normal fertile control group both in age range between (20-44), Pap smear taken prior to ova pickup in case group and in preovulatory day in control group. The mean age for case group was 28.9 ±5.6 year; and the mean age of control group was 29.7 ±5.5 years with no significant difference between them t=1.99, p=0.5, the most frequent cause of infertility is polycystic ovaries or with polycystic ovarian syndrome which diagnosed in (36%) of patients then (28%) of patients diagnosed with unexplained infertility. Case group has (22%) diagnosed with atypical squamous cells with undetermined significance (ASC-US) while control group has just 1 case (2%) with ASC-US and this affects pregnancy test result since (18%) out of (22%) of patient with (ASC-US) pap smear report has negative pregnancy test. Statistical analysis shows significant correlation between positive cervicitis and negative pregnancy test (P value = 0.04) because (52%) out of (66%) with positive cervicitis has negative pregnancy test.beside a significant relation between positive infection in pap smear report and negative pregnancy test because (30%) out of (34%) with positive infection in pap smear has negative pregnancy test. In Conclusions, infertile women eligible for IVF are more probable to have ASC-US when compared with normal fertile women, ASC-US worsen pregnancy test results in women undergoing IVF/ICSI because (18%) out of (22%) of patient with (ASC-US) have negative pregnancy test.
The epidemiological characteristics of Ebola virus disease
Authors: S.Singer Brian , K Blinov Stefan
Published: November 2020

Ebola was first reported in 1976 in Sudan and Congo and named after the river where it was identified. They cause fulminating disease characterized by acute fever followed by generalized hemorrhagic syndrome that is associated with 90% mortality in the most severe forms. It was later reported in Gabon, Central Africa and between 2 and 4 August 2014, a total of 108 new cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) (laboratory-confirmed, probable, and suspect cases) as well as 45 deaths were reported from Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. Surveillance and response represent the final crucial steps in achieving effective control of Ebola virus disease, it should be followed by an effective public health response – delivered as integrated packages – with the purpose to interrupt transmission in well defined areas. In addition, intensive efficacy and pharmacovigilance assessment of these interventions including diagnostics, drugs and vaccines against Ebola and other emerging infectious diseases including NTDs must be carefully re-evaluated, and the cut-offs determined and monitored over time, in addition to enhance cross-border collaboration and strengthen effective coordination across African government and populations. Control interventions were very successful in containing the epidemic of EVD.
Role of CD70 in pathogenesis of ovarian cancer cell metastasis
Authors: L. Pincheira Jack , Wiseman Maria
Published: November 2020

American Cancer Society identifying ovarian carcinoma as the gynecologic malignancy with the highest case-to-fatality. Ovarian carcinoma metastasizes either by direct extension from the ovarian/fallopian tumor to neighboring organs (bladder/colon) or when cancer cells detach from the primary tumor. Exfoliated tumor cells are transported throughout the peritoneum by physiological peritoneal fluid and disseminate within the abdominal cavity. Extensive seeding of the peritoneal cavity by tumor cells is often associated with ascites, particularly in advanced, high-grade serous carcinomas. CD70 (encoded by the TNFSF7 gene) is a co-stimulatory factor present on B-cells, activated T-cells, and dendritic cells. CD70 is over expressed in tumor cells of various solid cancers including ovarian carcinoma, recently reported the role of CD70 expression as a predictive marker of resistance to chemotherapy in ovarian cancers. We evaluated the expression of CD70 level in the pathogenesis of metastasis ovarian cancer cell. Seventy five tissue samples from metastatic ovarian carcinoma were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR for CD70 and statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney test. Further, humanized anti-CD70 antibodies were investigated in xenograft mice models of ovarian cancer. Increasing expression of CD70 level was associated with increased risks for disease progression (HR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.14) and death (HR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.2). expression of CD70 was associated with a worse PFS and OS compared with non- expression of CD70 carcinomas. Furthermore, humanized anti-CD70 antibodies have shown significant antitumor activity in preclinical xenograft models of ovarian cancer cell.
IL-37: Novel neuroprotective effects after brain ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Xiang Huang , Wael Stampf
Published: November 2020

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a central mediator of innate immunity and inflammation. IL-37 (IL-37), a newly described member of the IL-1 family, functions as a fundamental inhibitor of innate inflammation and immunity. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of interleukin-37 on neuron cells and on brain inflammation induced by brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). A transgenic mouse strain was generated to express human IL-37 (hIL-37Tg) and WT mice were subjected to (60 min) brain ischemia and followed by reperfusion (24 h), by using a mice model of transient focal cerebral ischemia induced by advancing a nylon mono-filament to occlude the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The morphology of neurons in brain sections were examined by Nissl staining and cytokines/chemokines measured by ELIZA. IL-37Tg significantly reduced infarct size by 65.4% (P<0.05) compared with WT after I/R. Reduced inflammation was associated with decreased leukocyte recruitment, and reduced release of IL-1β and TNFα, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), MCP-1 and keratinocyte chemokine (KC) compared with WT (P<0.05), whereas IL-10 was increased eight fold (P<0.05). IL-37 significantly reduced cell death and increased Bcl-2 expression in neurons. Thus, IL-37 emerges as a key modulator of brain inflammation and has important translational implications for both the prevention and treatment of patients suffering from brain ischemia.
Protective effects of Curcumin against development of atherosclerosis
Authors: Potte Juan , Hinojoza Victor
Published: November 2020

Atherosclerosis is characterized by oxidative damage, which affects lipoproteins, the walls of blood vessels, and subcellular membranes. The oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Curcumin is a component of turmeric, a spice used in many types of cooking and gives the yellow color to turmeric, was first isolated almost two centuries ago, and its structure as diferuloylmethane was determined in 1910. Since the time of Ayurveda (1900 Bc) numerous therapeutic activities have been assigned to turmeric for a wide variety of diseases and conditions, including those of the skin, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems, aches, pains, wounds, sprains, and liver disorders. Curcumin has been known that turmeric exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, this activity of turmeric is due to curcumin, a diferuloylmethane, and has been shown to regulate numerous transcription factors, cytokines, protein kinases, adhesion molecules, redox status and enzymes that have been linked to inflammation. The process of inflammation has been shown to play a major role in most chronic illnesses, like atherosclerosis. The researchers showed that curcumin exhibited protective effects as indicated by inhibition of lipoperoxidation of subcellular membranes. Oral curcumin inhibits LDL oxidation and has hypocholesterolemic effects in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis. In the current review, we provide evidence for the potential role of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and pharmacological safety and negligible cost.
Lajes bubbledeck: um comparativo com o sistema construtivo de lajes maciças
Authors: De Oliveira Túlio Henrique
Published: November 2020

Analisando a necessidade de implementação de novas técnicas de construção de lajes, o estudo consistiu em analisar espessuras mínimas do sistema bubbledeck e espessuras mínimas de lajes convencionais maciças de modo a verificar a quantidade de materiais utilizados e seu custo. As lajes foram analisadas por meio do software CypeCAD, e os custos avaliados por planilhas fornecidas pelo SINAPI. Utilizou-se uma edificação construída na cidade de Formiga, localizado no oeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil em uma superfície de 241,8m². Apesar de apresentar vantagens quanto a diminuição de carga e menor quantidade de fôrmas e escoramento, as lajes bubbledeck apresentaram maior quantidade de insumos utilizados comparados as lajes bubbledeck, o que tornou favorável utilizar-se o sistema convencional, tornando o fato do sistema bubbledeck não ter se expandido por todo o Brasil.
ARMSUSP: um aplicativo computacional para cálculo da armadura de suspensão em apoios indiretos
Authors: Pereira Eduardo Marques Vieira , Araújo Ítalo Samuel da Silva , Nóbrega Petrus Gorgônio Bulhões da
Published: November 2020

Uma situação usual nos projetos de estruturas de concreto é a dos apoios indiretos, notadamente o encontro de duas vigas, onde há uma viga apoio e uma viga apoiada. A norma brasileira de projeto de estruturas de concreto, NBR 6118:2014, para este caso, estabelece um único parágrafo de orientação, o qual, embora teoricamente correto, não apresenta qualquer detalhe que auxilie o engenheiro no projeto da armadura de suspensão. Neste aspecto, a omissão da NBR 6118 contrasta com diversas normas internacionais, que estabelecem vários requisitos; por exemplo, a definição dos comprimentos dos trechos de armação e de fatores de redução, dentre outros. O objetivo deste artigo é discorrer sobre o apoio indireto em vigas e apresentar o aplicativo ARMSUSP para o auxílio no cálculo desta armadura, o qual incorpora diversos critérios, e está disponível a todos que o desejem. Destaca-se a revisão bibliográfica apresentada para auxiliar a compreensão de um tema aparentemente simples, mas muitas vezes negligenciado pelos projetistas e nem sempre bem formulado nos documentos normativos. Por último, são feitos exemplos de cálculo, comparando as prescrições de várias normas e os parâmetros adotados em alguns programas computacionais brasileiros de projeto de estruturas.
TBDY 2018'e Göre Geoteknik Tasarım: Sıvılaşma ve Yapı-Kazık-Zemin Etkileşimi Analizleri
Authors: ALVER Ozan , SEZEN Atila , ESELLER-BAYAT Esra Ece
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışma Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği (TBDY) 2018'e göre sıvılaşma potansiyeli olan zeminlerde derin temel tasarım adımlarını irdelemektedir. Bu amaçla, 1 Ocak 2019'dan itibaren yürürlükte olan yeni TBDY'e göre Mudanya'da inşa edilmesi planlanan bir apartman yapısının sıvılaşma ve zemin-kazık-yapı etkileşim analizleri de dahil olmak üzere geoteknik mühendislik tasarım aşamaları gerçekleştirilmiş ve sunulmuştur. Sıvılaşma analizlerindeki belirsizlikler, deprem kayıtlarının elde edilmesindeki ve ölçeklenmesindeki zorluklar, oturma sınır değerlerinin yönetmelikte belirtilmemesi ve Yöntem III'teki kinematik ve eylemsizlik etkileşimi analizi yaklaşımlarındaki farklı davranış kabullerine bu çalışmada dikkat çekilmiş ve tartışılmıştır.
BIOMASS YIELD FOR SILAGE AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE INTERCROPPED WITH SOYBEAN
Authors: BATISTA VANDERSON VIEIRA , ADAMI PAULO FERNANDO , OLIGINI KARINE FUSCHTER , LINK LUCAS , FERREIRA MICHAEL LUIZ , PEREIRA LUARA SILVA
Published: November 2020

Maize is one of the main cereals produced worldwide and, in association withsoybean crop, can result in benefits to the production system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass yield for silage and grain yield in maize crop, in the maizesoybean intercropping system. The study was conducted in the municipality of Dois Vizinhos - PR, Brazil, using a randomized block design, with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments were composed of three maize hybrids grown in monoculture and in intercropping with two soybean cultivars (P1630+TMG7062, P1630+P95R51, P1630, LG6030+TMG7062, LG6030+P95R51, LG6030, P30F53+TMG7062, P30F53+P95R51 and P30F53). The data were subjected to analysis of variance and, when there was significance, Scott-Knott test was applied. Maize biomass yield for silage was approximately 4,000 kg ha-1 higher when the hybrids LG6030 and/or P30F53 were used. The cultivar TMG7062 stands out from P95R51 in terms of dry biomass yield for silage. The higher the percentage of soybean biomass added to the silage, the higher its crude protein content. However, crude protein yield per area was similar for the evaluated treatments. Some yield components (number of grains per row and thousand-grain weight) and grain yield of maize differ according to the hybrid used, but similarity is observed between intercropping and monoculture. There is evidence that the soybean cultivar TMG7062, intercropped with P1630, has the potential to reduce the grain yield of the cereal.
MAIZE AND Urochloa spp. INTERCROPPING MANAGED WITH OR WITHOUT GLYPHOSATE UNDERDOSES
Authors: LIMA SUZETE FERNANDES , PEREIRA LEANDRO SPÍNDOLA , OLIVEIRA GUSTAVO SILVA DE , SOUSA GUSTAVO DORNELAS DE , TIMOSSI PAULO CÉSAR , JAKELAITIS ADRIANO
Published: November 2020

Evaluation was carried out for the interrelation between maize and Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and Urochloa ruziziensis, with and without application of glyphosate underdoses, and the effects of this management on weeds. For each forage species, an experiment was conducted in randomized block design, with subdivided plots. The main factor consisted of four cropping systems: intercropping of maize and U. brizantha, treated with 0, 50 and 100 g a.e. ha-1 of glyphosate, and maize monoculture; and for the intercropping of maize and U. ruziziensis, the doses of glyphosate applied were 25 and 50 g a.e. ha-1. The secondary factor consisted of five evaluation periods, with dry mass of maize and forage plants being measured on the day when the herbicide was applied, 15 days after the application, at full tasseling of maize, in hard farinaceous grain stage, and at maize harvest. Weed density and dry mass were also evaluated. The intercropping system reduced the density and dry mass production of the weed community, without affecting the maize yield components. Glyphosate suppressed the initial growth of U. brizantha and U. ruziziensis intercropped with maize, at the dose of 100 and 50 g a.e. ha-1, respectively, without compromising straw (residues) formation.
ARE GLYPHOSATE AND GLUFOSINATE-AMMONIUM TOTALLY SELECTIVE FOR TRANSGENIC MAIZE CONTAINING THE CP4-EPSPS AND PAT GENES?
Authors: KRENCHINSKI FÁBIO HENRIQUE , GIOVANELLI BRUNO FLAIBAM , ALBRECHT ALFREDO JUNIOR PAIOLA , ALBRECHT LEANDRO PAIOLA , PEREIRA VINICIUS GABRIEL CANEPPELE , CARBONARI CAIO ANTONIO , VELINI EDIVALDO DOMINGUES
Published: November 2020

required. Maize with cp4-epsps and pat genes is tolerant to glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium herbicides and has been a tool used for weed control. However, there is a demand for new studies to assess how tolerant it is and to avoid yield losses. The objective of this study was to assess the selectivity of the 2B810PW hybrid, which has the cp4-epsps and pat genes, subjected to applications of glyphosate (gly) and glufosinate-ammonium (glu), both isolated and combined, at two different rates, during three crop years, in two municipalities in Paraná state. A randomized block design, with four replications, was used. Some measured variables, such as plant height, showed few differences between crop years and locations, while others, like percentage of seed germination and yield, showed no differences (P ≤ 0.05). This demonstrates that the hybrid is resistant to the application of glufosinate-ammonium and glyphosate herbicides, isolated or combined, and these molecules can provide more options for weed control in crops of maize containing the cp4-epsps and pat genes.
YIELD POTENTIAL AND GENETIC VARIABILITY OF SEMIEXOTIC MAIZE POPULATIONS AS A BASIS FOR SELECTION
Authors: MENDES UDENYS CABRAL
Published: November 2020

In order to verify the genetic and agronomic value, yield potential and inbreeding depression of synthesized composites, as well as quantifying the population variability and incorporating new sources of semiexotic germplasm in maize genetic improvement programs, four populations, identified as NAP-FA x HG-71 (P1), NAP-FL x HG-49 (P2), NAP-FB x HG-49 (P3), and NAP-DB x HG-49 (P4), with two levels of inbreeding (S0 and S1), were evaluated in three locations. From the P1 and P4 populations, 100 full-sib progenies were evaluated in only one location. Plant and ear height, lodging, breakage, ear length and diameter, resistance to diseases, ears with chalky kernels and grain yield were evaluated. The grain yield of the S0 and S1 populations varied between 5.50 and 6.65 t ha-1 and 3.8 and 4.58 t ha-1, respectively, with an average inbreeding depression between 23.9% and 38.0%. Considering all the locations, the grain yields of the non-inbreeding populations varied between 64.4% and 78.0% in relation to commercial hybrids (witnesses), indicating a good yield potential for start of improvement program. In the P1 and P4 populations, sufficient genetic variability was identified in most of the characters, which accredits them for recurrent selection. Gains of 13.7% and 17.8% for grain yield and 31.64% and 29.9% for ears with chalky kernels were estimated.
Undergraduate Nonprofit Education: Between Institutionalization and Recruitment
Authors: Brunt Carol , Dolch Norman , Freeman Tyrone , Mirabella Roseanne , Weber Peter , Wooddell Michelle
Published: November 2020

The essay aims to foster reflection and discussion on the institutionalization of undergraduate nonprofit education. Undergraduate nonprofit programs (certificates, minors, and majors) have been developing at a slower pace than their graduate counterparts. This essay focuses on the development of these programs and identifies particular challenges in the administration of four undergraduate programs selected as case studies. Common concerns include (1) development of programs broad enough to allow students to pursue multiple career and educational paths after graduation, which forces a curriculum development that differs from the path laid out at the graduate level, and (2) misconceptions and lack of knowledge about nonprofit careers in prospective students, parents, and high school counselors. The discussion is contextualized in broader trends of nonprofit education.
Toward a Theory of Professionalization of the Saudi Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Khan Sabith
Published: November 2020

In considering the study of one of the most understudied countries in the world, one is tempted to ask, as the birthplace of Islam, that is informed by its own particular notions of social contract, welfare, and authority, is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) an “exceptional” country, a country that sees itself as the center of the Muslim world—both geographically and spiritually? How does one make sense of the social norms of the country that define ideas of valor, bravery, leadership, and morality? Are these particular to the extent that they are not universal or, on the other hand, are the Saudi claims to leadership of the Muslim world universal and, by extension, its model of leadership in the social sphere something one must take seriously? Can one apply parameters of leadership and followership to Saudi Arabia as has been done in other Western countries and is the normative understanding of civil society as a sphere outside of the state valid in this context? This paper answers some of these questions. A related finding from this paper is the importance of religion in shaping the norms of leadership in the nonprofit sector and religion’s relationship with the norms of philanthropy and giving. Given that many scholars have called for examining the “expressive” dimension of philanthropy, rather than just the “instrumental” purposes, this finding reinforces the expressive dimension. This paper is based on 15 key-informant interviews with the leaders of the top foundations and nonprofits in the KSA. Key informants are people who know a lot about what is going on in a community and are able to speak to the key issues facing the community. This list includes chief executive officers, chief operating officers, and finance directors of the most important and influential private foundations and nongovernmental organizations in the country and represents a very influential, although small, window into how nonprofit leaders think of leadership and what they think their needs are. This paper derived its theoretical insights from a grounded theory approach, specifically a constructivist grounded theory approach, as advocated by Charmaz.
Geographically Weighted Regression to Explore Spatially Varying Relationships of Recreation Resource Impacts: A Case Study from Adirondack Park, New York, USA
Authors: Kim Min-Kook , Graefe David
Published: November 2020

Empirical studies based on spatial explorations have played a critical role in understanding dynamics of recreation resource impact and recovery at multiple scales. However, little research has been done to examine spatially varying relationships between resource conditions and associated geospatial variables, especially using a predictive modeling approach. The primary purpose of this study was to explore spatially varying relationships of recreation resource impacts by using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. Specifically, the study was designed to compare the GWR with an ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple linear regression model to better understand localized spatial variations with roadside campsite conditions in Adirondack Park, NY, USA. Geospatial variables contained in the OLS model explained approximately 22% of the variance in campsite conditions (adjusted R2 = 0.220, p < 0.001). Statistically significant predictors of the campsite condition at the global scale included site circumference, distance from water resource, distance from major road, distance from hosting forest road, and slope. Non-significant variables included site designation, distance from recreational trail, and elevation. The subsequent analysis using the GWR model resulted in adjusted R2 values ranging from 0.198 to 0.271 (mean = 0.221). Roadside campsites located in the northern region of the park exhibited relatively higher R2 values, and roadside campsites located in the southern region exhibited relatively lower R2 values. All of the statistically significant global variables showed spatially varying relationships with the campsite condition. Additionally, elevation and site designation factors in the GWR model, which were non-significant variables at the global scale, suggested localized spatial variations with the campsite condition. Overall, the GWR model provided a more robust examination of campsite condition by accounting for localized spatial variations and by improving the model performance. This paper provides a discussion of the methodological and resource management implications of these findings.
Measuring and Predicting Erosion on Sandy Roads to Inform Strategies for Sustainable Transport Network Management: A Case Study of the Great Sandy National Park, Australia
Authors: Waldron Ross , McCallum Adrian
Published: November 2020

Different surveying methods were used to assess and illustrate road profile changes and sediment displacement over a six-month period at four sites on a sand road at Cooloola, Queensland, Australia. Total monthly traffic and total monthly rainfall (two-way ANOVA without replication, p < 0.05) had an effect on the mean centre dumpy level depths and sediment displacement at one site (correlation 0.81 for total monthly traffic/mean centre dumpy level depths), but not at the other three sites. Traditional road-surface field measurements showed large changes in volume and weight of sediment movement and Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) modelling predicted an annual sediment yield (i.e., sand displacement from road) of 115.37 kg with a total sediment loss of 7,551.36 kg for each 120 m by 6 m site over the next 80 years. The methodology used can be applied to other national parks and protected areas and for the effective and sustainable management of sand road networks.
Measuring Societal Vulnerability to Critical Infrastructure Failure Due to Extreme Weather Events
Authors: Luskova Maria , Leitner Bohus
Published: November 2020

Climate change and the associated more frequent and unpredictable occurrence of extreme weather events are according to the Global Risk Report (2020), published by the World Economic Forum, among the top five risks today. Although the effects of extreme weather vary around the world and in regions, their effects on social – economic and natural systems are becoming increasingly important and require an active solution. In this context, it is important to address the individual areas of human society vulnerability, as their assessment is the basic information necessary for improving risk reduction and preparedness to extreme weather events. The paper underlines the importance of critical infrastructure as an asset or system whose disruption or destruction could have a range of serious implications for the performance of economic and social functions of the state and thus on the inhabitants in terms of their life, health, security, property and environment protection. It provides selection of past cases of extreme weather events having impacts on critical infrastructure in sector energy and transportation throughout Europe and their impacts on society. Subsequently own approach to measuring societal vulnerability due to impact of extreme weather event on critical infrastructure is presented. In conclusion recommendations supporting the proactive approach to building resilient critical infrastructure which contributes to resilient society are presented.
Handover in Nursing: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Kim Eun Jung , Seomun GyeongAe
Published: November 2020

Background and Purpose

The broad use of the term handover to describe any activity involving the transfer of professional responsibility from one person to another has led to an ambiguous understanding. Recently, handover has become a process central to the delivery of high-quality and safe patient care. The aim of this analysis was to clarify the concept of handover within the context of nursing practice.

Methods

Rodgers's evolutionary approach was used as the analysis method along with some aspects of the dimensional analysis guided by Caron and Bowers, to understand the perspectives of senders and receivers.

Results

The analysis revealed four attributes of handover: transfer of information, interaction for disambiguation, process, and strategy. Handover is defined as a process for transferring responsibility from sender to receiver through communication through the transfer of information, the interaction for disambiguation, and the context-sensitive strategy for accomplishing the continuity and safety of patient care. The salient dimension of handover was process, and the sub-dimensions were transfer of information, interaction for disambiguation, and strategy. From the sender's perspectives, it is the process of transferring information organized by the sender, and from the receiver's perspective, handover is the process establishing care plan through interactive strategy.

Implications for Practice

The definition and identified attributes serve as a heuristic for designing strategies and further developing the construct of handover in nursing.
Rethinking Suicide Risk With a New Generation of Suicide Theories
Authors: Keefner Tamara P. , Stenvig Thomas
Published: November 2020

Background

Suicide is a global concern to nurses and other health-care providers. However, deaths by suicide are only part of the spectrum of suicide, as suicidal thinking and behaviors may precede a suicide attempt. Theoretical models are used infrequently in research to explain how the individual progresses from suicidal ideation to a suicide attempt. Thus, there is a critical need to advance the study of suicide with useful theoretical models to describe and explain processes whereby suicidal thoughts transition to attempts and to suicide.

Purpose

This article provides a conceptual discussion and scoping review comparing historical and contemporary ideation-to-action theories of suicide.

Method

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses from three databases (CINAHL, JSTOR, and PsychINFO) were reviewed to find literature describing suicide theories.

Results

Historically, theory applications have limited capacity to differentiate between those individuals with suicidal ideations and those who attempt suicide. Newer theories, grounded in the ideation-to-action framework, propose distinct processes explaining what moves an individual from suicidal ideations toward suicidal behaviors.

Implications for Practice

The ideation-to-action theories can guide health-care providers' assessment of at-risk individuals beyond merely asking about suicidal thinking.

Conclusion

The new generation of suicide theories suggest that suicidal ideations are only one component of risk. The common factor in ideation-to-action theories that distinguishes ideators from attempters is the acquired capability for suicide.
Otisk válečné paměti v denících mladých Židů
Authors: Malý Radek
Published: November 2020

W artykule autor koncentruje uwagę na pamiętnikach młodych Żydów z czasów II wojny światowej. Analizuje teksty Hany Bořkovcovej, Otto Wolfa, Helgi Weiss-Hoškovej, Věry Kohnovej, Evy Rodenovej, Petra Ginza, Michala Krausa i Kateřiny Pošovej. Każdy z nich otrzymał przydomek „czeska Anne Frank”. Zaskakująca jest już sama liczba tych pamiętników, ale także fakt, że wszystkie ujrzały światło dzienne dopiero niedawno. Poruszana w nich problematyka jest aktualna, a treści i wartość literacka tych tekstów nadal znajdują oddźwięk. Dziś najcenniejsza jest w nich autentyczność, którą widać na przykład w nagłych przeskokach między opisami codziennych drobiazgów a szczegółową dokumentacją wyjątkowej i brutalnej rzeczywistości wojennej.
Manutenção e Gestão do Dador de Órgão na Era COVID-19
Authors: Ribeiro Sofia Branco , Varela Miguel , Perez Pilar , Moreno Javier
Published: November 2020

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