bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrograde Maculopathy in Patients With Glaucoma
Authors: Brazerol Jacqueline , Iliev Milko E. , Höhn René , Fränkl Stephan , Grabe Hilary , Abegg Mathias
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis can be used for quantitative measures of optic nerve atrophy at a location far from the optic nerve head. This recently led to the finding of microcystic macular edema (MME), that is vacuolar inclusions in the macular inner nuclear layer, in some glaucoma patients. The involvement of individual retinal layers is yet unclear in glaucoma. In this study we systematically investigated glaucoma-induced changes in macular layers to evaluate whether glaucoma-associated damage extends beyond the macular ganglion cell layer.

Patients and Methods:

We included 218 consecutive patients and 282 eyes with confirmed primary open-angle glaucoma or pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, and macular OCT in a cross-sectional observational study. Eyes were screened for presence of MME. Thickness of individual retinal layers was determined using a semiautomatic segmentation algorithm. Peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness and mean defect in visual field testing were extracted from OCT and medical records, respectively. Results were compared with a small group of eyes with no apparent glaucoma.

Results:

We found MME in 5 eyes from 5 primary open-angle glaucoma patients and 3 eyes of 3 pseudoexfoliation glaucoma patients (2.8%). MME was confined to the inner nuclear layer in a perifoveal ring and was associated with thinning of the ganglion cell layer and thickening of the macular inner nuclear layer. Glaucoma eyes without MME showed a significant inverse correlation of inner nuclear layer thickness with glaucoma severity.

Conclusions:

Glaucomatous damage leads to a gradual thickening of the inner nuclear layer, which leads to MME in more severe glaucoma cases. These changes, along with nerve fiber loss and ganglion cell loss, may be summarized as glaucoma-associated retrograde maculopathy.
Comparison of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Bleb Grading, Moorfields Bleb Grading System, and Intraocular Pressure After Trabeculectomy
Authors: Wen Joanne C. , Stinnett Sandra S. , Asrani Sanjay
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To compare a novel anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) bleb grading system with a clinical bleb grading system and both with intraocular pressure (IOP) following trabeculectomy surgery.

Materials and Methods:

A novel AS-OCT grading system based on bleb size and internal reflectivity was developed. An imaging center was tasked with masked grading of AS-OCT images acquired by multiple surgical sites at postoperative week (POW) 2, postoperative month (POM) 4, 6, and 12, respectively. The Moorfields Bleb Grading System was used by another independent imaging center to grade clinical photos. The results of the 2 grading systems were compared and correlated with IOP.

Results:

Blebs of 124 eyes were assessed in this study. Higher (worse) AS-OCT bleb grades was significantly associated with: decreased bleb height at POM4, 6, and 12 (P<0.001, 0.001, and 0.0001), increased central bleb vascularity at POM4 and 12 (P=0.0026;0.036) and decreased maximal bleb area at POM6 and 12 (P=0.026; 0.01). A higher AS-OCT bleb grade correlated with a higher IOP at POM4 and 6 (P=0.004; 0.02), though no longer significant at POM12 (P=0.1). Increased maximum bleb vascularity was associated with increased IOP at POM4 (P=0.003) though none of the remaining MGBS parameters correlated significantly with IOP. Eyes with a final IOP of ≤12 mm Hg had significantly lower AS-OCT bleb grades at POM6 (P=0.045).

Conclusion:

A novel AS-OCT bleb grading system correlated well with a number of Moorfields Bleb Grading System variables throughout the 1-year postoperative period. Although the AS-OCT grades also correlated well with IOP throughout most of the postoperative period, it was limited in their abilities to predict final IOP.
Idiopathic Bilateral Profound Hypotony in an Unknown Progressive Neurodegenerative Disorder
Authors: Provencher Lorraine M. , Carter Pamela C. , Alward Wallace L.M.
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To present a unique case of idiopathic bilateral hypotony in a patient with progressive, undiagnosed neurological decline, possibly due to mitochondrial disease, and to explore mechanisms of disease and potential treatment options.

Methods:

This is a case report.

Patient:

A 17-year-old boy with a history of chronic progressive bilateral vision loss and hypotony in the setting of progressive gait abnormalities, lower extremity spasticity, nystagmus, and urinary retention starting around age 8. Despite extensive biochemical and genetic evaluation, no systemic etiology has been identified. He had no history of ocular trauma or surgery.

Results:

Examination confirmed the above history as well as decreased vision, significant bilateral astigmatism (7 D), short axial-eye-lengths, and disc edema with chorioretinal folds in the left eye. There was no inflammation or ciliary body detachment. We propose the etiology is similar to hypotony in myotonic dystrophy, in which low intraocular pressure may result from aqueous egress across the ciliary body face. The best treatment remains unclear, but surgical closure of the iridocorneal angle is under careful consideration. This may halt nonconventional (suprachoroidal) outflow.

Conclusions:

Management of ocular hypotony is typically directed at the underlying etiology. Idiopathic hypotony poses a unique treatment challenge. If excess aqueous flow across the ciliary body face is responsible, intentional closure of the iridocorneal angle may preserve vision.
Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Initiative, Peer-to-Peer Teaching, on Organizational CAUTI Rates and Related Costs
Authors: Pashnik Barbara , Creta Angela , Alberti Lynette
Published: February 2017

A nurse-led initiative of peer-to-peer teaching positively impacted organizational incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). The initiative included validating the competency of the nursing staff, highlighting the importance of CAUTI prevention, identifying CAUTI costs, quantifying the value of nursing care, and supporting nurses as teachers. The project demonstrated that peer-to-peer teaching and competency validation can be effective methods to engage nurses in quality improvement.
Influencing Commitment to BSN Completion
Authors: Baur Karen , Moore Bridget , Wendler M. Cecilia
Published: February 2017

The 2010 Institute of Medicine’s Future of Nursing report posed recommendations to increase numbers of nurses with baccalaureate degrees or greater to 80%. This project engaged associate degree nurses in motivational interviewing focusing on finding and removing barriers to baccalaureate matriculation and completion. Results indicated a statistically significant influence on attitudes and return-to-school decision making and identified a qualitative theme: “I know more now… I could be a better nurse.”
Capturing Change: Creating a Template to Examine the Educational Experiences and Outcomes of the AONE Foundation Nurse Manager Fellowship
Authors: Mackoff Barbara L. , Meadows Mary T. , Nash Alice
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study is to create a mixed-methods evaluation template to examine the educational experiences and outcomes of participants in the Nurse Manager Fellowship (NMF) sponsored by the American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE) Foundation. The focus was to capture change as reported by the nurse manager (NM) fellows and the senior leaders who sponsored them and to gain access to the participants’ lived experiences as leadership learners.

BACKGROUND

The AONE Foundation’s NMF conducts a yearlong professional development program with a cohort of 30 fellows who meet 4 times a year in face-to-face sessions and complete a capstone project.

METHODS

Four data collection methods were used. Participants completed 2 quantitative leadership program outcome surveys, as well as 1 qualitative measure to focus on self-perceived change outcomes. Their sponsors completed a qualitative perception of change measure.

RESULTS

The participants’ reflections, self-reports, and the sponsor observations capture impactful changes in the NM fellows’ increases in knowledge and application in the spheres of self, organization, and community. The enhancement of the participants’ self-identification as leaders was also demonstrated.

CONCLUSIONS

The variety of data collection methods suggests both distinct choices in creating future evaluation templates for the fellowship and approaches that might be adapted by other organizations.
Volume and Pressure Delivery During Pediatric High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation
Authors: Wong Ronald , Deakers Timothy , Hotz Justin , Khemani Robinder G. , Ross Patrick A. , Newth Christopher J.
Published: February 2017

Objective:

Identify variables independently associated with delivered tidal volume (Vt) and measured mean airway pressure during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation across the range of pediatric endotracheal tube sizes.

Design:

In vitro study.

Setting:

Research laboratory.

Interventions:

An in vitro bench model of the intubated pediatric respiratory system during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation was used to obtain delivered Vt and mean airway pressure (in the distal lung) for various endotracheal tube sizes. Measurements were taken at different combinations of ventilator set mean airway pressure (Paw), amplitude (ΔP), frequency, and test lung compliance. Multiple regression analysis was used to construct multivariable models predicting delivered Vt and mean airway pressure.

Measurements and Main Results:

Variables independently associated with higher delivered Vt for all endotracheal tube sizes include higher ΔP (p < 0.001), lower frequency (p < 0.001), and higher test lung compliance (p < 0.001). A multiplicative interaction between frequency and ΔP magnifies the delivered Vt when ΔP is high and frequency is low (p < 0.001). Delivered mean airway pressure becomes lower than set Paw as ΔP increases (p < 0.001) and frequency increases (p < 0.05). Ventilator set Paw is the largest determinant of delivered mean airway pressure; however, increasing ΔP resulted in a lower delivered mean airway pressure. For example, in a 4.0 mm ID endotracheal tube, increasing ΔP by 10 cm H2O resulted in an average decrease of delivered mean airway pressure by 4.5%.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to quantify the interaction between ΔP and frequency in delivered Vt and the effect of ΔP and frequency on delivered mean airway pressure. These results demonstrate the need to measure or estimate Vt and delivered pressures during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and may be useful in determining optimal strategies for lung protective ventilation during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.
Safety of Tofacitinib in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Latin America Compared With the Rest of the World Population
Authors: Castañeda Oswaldo M. , Romero Felix J. , Salinas Ariel , Citera Gustavo , Mysler Eduardo , Rillo Oscar , Radominski Sebastiao C. , Cardiel Mario H. , Jaller Juan J. , Alvarez-Moreno Carlos , Ponce de Leon Dario , Castelli Graciela , García Erika G. , Kwok Kenneth , Rojo Ricardo
Published: February 2017

Objective

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune disease characterized by joint destruction. Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of RA. This post hoc analysis assessed the safety of tofacitinib in Latin American (LA) patients with RA versus the Rest of World (RoW) population.

Methods

Data were pooled from 14 clinical studies of tofacitinib: six Phase 2, six Phase 3 and two long-term extension studies. Incidence rates (IRs; patients with events/100 patient-years of treatment exposure) were calculated for safety events of special interest combined across tofacitinib doses. 95% confidence intervals (CI) for IRs were calculated using the maximum likelihood method. Descriptive comparisons were made between LA and RoW (excluding LA) populations.

Results

This analysis included data from 984 LA patients and 4687 RoW patients. IRs for safety events of special interest were generally similar between LA and RoW populations, with overlapping 95% CIs. IRs for discontinuation due to adverse events, serious infections, tuberculosis, all herpes zoster (HZ), serious HZ, malignancies (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) and major adverse cardiovascular events were numerically lower for LA versus RoW patients; IR for mortality was numerically higher. No lymphoma was reported in the LA population versus eight cases in the RoW population. Exposure (extent and length) was lower in the LA population (2148.33 patient-years [mean = 2.18 years]) versus RoW (10515.68 patient-years [mean = 2.24 years]).

Conclusion

This analysis of pooled data from clinical studies of tofacitinib in patients with RA demonstrates that tofacitinib has a consistent safety profile across LA and RoW patient populations.
Recent Advances in Computed Tomographic Technology
Authors: Tabari Azadeh , Lo Gullo Roberto , Murugan Venkatesh , Otrakji Alexi , Digumarthy Subba , Kalra Mannudeep
Published: February 2017

Cardiothoracic diseases result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Chest computed tomography (CT) has been an imaging modality of choice for assessing a host of chest diseases, and technologic advances have enabled the emergence of coronary CT angiography as a robust noninvasive test for cardiac imaging. Technologic developments in CT have also enabled the application of dual-energy CT scanning for assessing pulmonary vascular and neoplastic processes. Concerns over increasing radiation dose from CT scanning are being addressed with introduction of more dose-efficient wide-area detector arrays and iterative reconstruction techniques. This review article discusses the technologic innovations in CT and their effect on cardiothoracic applications.
Modulation of the conformational state of mitochondrial complex I as a target for therapeutic intervention
Authors: Galkin Alexander , Moncada Salvador
Published: February 2017

In recent years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the functions of mitochondrial complex I other than the generation of energy. These include its role in generation of reactive oxygen species, involvement in the hypoxic tissue response and its possible regulation by nitric oxide (NO) metabolites. In this review, we will focus on the hypoxic conformational change of this mitochondrial enzyme, the so-called active/deactive transition. This conformational change is physiological and relevant to the understanding of certain pathological conditions including, in the cardiovascular system, ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage. We will discuss how complex I can be affected by NO metabolites and will outline some potential mitochondria-targeted therapies in I/R damage.
Using chemical biology to assess and modulate mitochondria: progress and challenges
Authors: Logan Angela , Murphy Michael P.
Published: February 2017

Our understanding of the role of mitochondria in biomedical sciences has expanded considerably over the past decade. In addition to their well-known metabolic roles, mitochondrial are also central to signalling for various processes through the generation of signals such as ROS and metabolites that affect cellular homeostasis, as well as other processes such as cell death and inflammation. Thus, mitochondrial function and dysfunction are central to the health and fate of the cell. Consequently, there is considerable interest in better understanding and assessing the many roles of mitochondria. Furthermore, there is also a growing realization that mitochondrial are a promising drug target in a wide range of pathologies. The application of interdisciplinary approaches at the interface between chemistry and biology are opening up new opportunities to understand mitochondrial function and in assessing the role of the organelle in biology. This work and the experience thus gained are leading to the development of new classes of therapies. Here, we overview the progress that has been made to date on exploring the chemical biology of the organelle and then focus on future challenges and opportunities that face this rapidly developing field.
Treatment of Graft-versus-Host Disease by Echinomycin in a New Humanized Mouse Model
Authors: Liu Yan , Bailey Christopher , Lazarski Christopher , Wong Chun-shu , Zheng Pan , Liu Yang , Wang Yin
Published: February 2017

Drug development effort against GVHD is hampered by the lack of clinically relevant humanized animal models for preclinical testing. Current humanized GVHD models rely on adoptive transfer of a high number of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into immunodeficient mice. Here we report a novel humanized GVHD model by transplanting a small number of human BM cells into newbornNOD. SCID IL2ry0(NSG) mice. Transplantation of human BM cells (BMT) causes acute GVHD, with lethality between 15 to 60 days. Pervasive human T-cell infiltration into multiple organs, including lung, intestine, skin, kidney, liver, and stomach, was observed in all mice analyzed. Surprisingly, the human T cells express high levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) protein even under normoxic environment. Administration of Echinomycin, a potent inhibitor for HIF1α, rapidly ablated HIF1α protein in T cells and gradually reduced the frequency of human cells in the peripheral blood and target organs. Echinomycin provides a sustained therapeutic effect, as demonstrated by dramatic reduction of clinical symptoms, pathology score and by doubling of the median life span of the chimeric mice. Our results reveal a critical role of HIF1α in GVHD and demonstrate that HIF1α inhibitors such as Echinomycin should be explored for clinical drug development against GVHD.
“Opposite-of”-information improves similarity calculations in phenotype ontologies
Authors: Köohler Sebastian , Robinson Peter N , Mungall Christopher J
Published: February 2017

One of the most important use cases of ontologies is the calculation of similarity scores between a query and items annotated with classes of an ontology. The hierarchical structure of an ontology does not necessarily reflect all relevant aspects of the domain it is modelling, and this can reduce the performance of ontology-based search algorithms. For instance, the classes of phenotype ontologies may be arranged according to anatomical criteria, but individual phenotypic features may affect anatomic entities in opposite ways. Thus, “opposite” classes may be located in close proximity in an ontology; for example enlarged liver and small liver are grouped under abnormal liver size. Using standard similarity measures, these would be scored as being similar, despite in fact being opposites.

In this paper, we use information about opposite ontology classes to extend two large phenotype ontologies, the human and the mammalian phenotype ontology. We also show that this information can be used to improve rankings based on similarity measures that incorporate this information. In particular, cosine similarity based measures show large improvements. We hypothesize this is due to the natural embedding of opposite phenotypes in vector space.

We support the idea that the expressivity of semantic web technologies should be explored more extensively in biomedical ontologies and that similarity measures should be extended to incorporate more than the pure graph structure defined by the subclass or part-of relationships of the underlying ontologies.
Hypoxia has lasting effects on fast startle behavior of a tropical fish, (Haemulon plumieri)
Authors: Sanchez-Garcia Mayra A , Zottoli Steven J , Roberson Loretta M
Published: February 2017

Anthropogenic activities and climate change have resulted in an increase in hypoxia in nearshore ecosystems worldwide. The San Juan Bay Estuary System in Puerto Rico is one such ecosystem that has undergone an increase in hypoxic events over the past few years. We collected white grunts (Haemulon plumieri) from one of the estuary lagoons to study the effects of hypoxia on fast startle responses (fast-starts). We hypothesized that exposure to hypoxia would significantly decrease the frequency of fast-starts evoked by an abrupt sound stimulus. After an exposure to an oxygen concentration of 2.5 mg L-1 (40% of air saturation), there is a significant reduction in the frequency of fast-starts that is maintained for at least 24 h after the exposure. Exposure to a random sequence of oxygen levels of 5.0, 4.3 and 3.7 mg L-1 (80, 70, 60% of air saturation) did not show a significant effect until one hour after exposure. We speculate that the lasting effect of hypoxia on fast-starts, thought to be involved in escape, will result in a greater susceptibility of the white grunt to predation. We have identified the Mauthner cell, known to initiate fast-starts, to allow future studies on how low oxygen levels impact a single cell and its circuit, the behavior it initiates and ultimately how changes in the behavior affect population and ecosystem levels.
A new model for ancient DNA decay based on paleogenomic meta-analysis
Authors: Kistler Logan , Ware Roselyn , Smith Oliver , Collins Matthew , Allaby Robin G.
Published: February 2017

The persistence of DNA over archaeological and paleontological timescales in diverse environments has led to revolutionary body of paleogenomic research, yet the dynamics of DNA degradation are still poorly understood. We analyzed 185 paleogenomic datasets and compared DNA survival with environmental variables and sample ages. We find cytosine deamination follows a conventional thermal age model, but we find no correlation between DNA fragmentation and sample age over the timespans analyzed, even when controlling for environmental variables. We propose a model for ancient DNA decay wherein fragmentation rapidly reaches a threshold, then subsequently slows. The observed loss of DNA over time is likely due to a bulk diffusion process, highlighting the importance of tissues and environments creating effectively closed systems for DNA preservation.
Maintaining the provenance of microscopy metadata using OMERO.forms software
Authors: Russell Douglas P.W. , Sorger Peter K.
Published: February 2017

The creation of datasets that are findable, accessible, interoperable and reproducible (the FAIR standard) requires that data provenance be maintained1. Provenance is particularly important for microscopy data, whose interpretation is dependent on the biological context (e.g. cell state) and detection reagent (e.g. antibody.) This paper describes a new software tool, OMERO.forms, that extends the OMERO microscopy data management system2to simplify and enhance metadata entry and provenance tracking.
Debye–Waller coefficient of heavily deformed nanocrystalline iron
Authors: Scardi P. , Rebuffi L. , Abdellatief M. , Flor A. , Leonardi A.
Published: February 2017

Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns from an extensively ball-milled iron alloy powder were collected at 100, 200 and 300 K. The results were analysed together with those using extended X-ray absorption fine structure, measured on the same sample at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) and at room temperature (300 K), to assess the contribution of static disorder to the Debye–Waller coefficient (Biso). Both techniques give an increase of ∼20% with respect to bulk reference iron, a noticeably smaller difference than reported by most of the literature for similar systems. Besides good quality XRD patterns, proper consideration of the temperature diffuse scattering seems to be the key to accurate values of the Debye–Waller coefficient. Molecular dynamics simulations of nanocrystalline iron aggregates, mapped on the evidence provided by XRD in terms of domain size distribution, shed light on the origin of the observedBisoincrease. The main contribution to the static disorder is given by the grain boundary, while line and point defects have a much smaller effect.
On the use of two-time correlation functions for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy data analysis
Authors: Bikondoa Oier
Published: February 2017

Multi-time correlation functions are especially well suited to study non-equilibrium processes. In particular, two-time correlation functions are widely used in X-ray photon correlation experiments on systems out of equilibrium. One-time correlations are often extracted from two-time correlation functions at different sample ages. However, this way of analysing two-time correlation functions is not unique. Here, two methods to analyse two-time correlation functions are scrutinized, and three illustrative examples are used to discuss the implications for the evaluation of the correlation times and functional shape of the correlations.
“Way Smarter”: Valuair in the budget airline industry
Authors: Fan Terence P.C.
Published: February 2017

Subject area

Strategic management and marketing.

Study level/applicability

Executive education; postgraduate; undergraduate.

Case overview

By 2004, the low-cost carrier model had just recently been introduced to Southeast Asia. Airlines under this model quickly began taking market share. Singapore's first budget carrier, Valuair, finds itself in fierce competition between two rapidly emerging competitors in the second half of 2004. Valuair needs to expand in order to remain competitive. However, for this to happen the company needs additional access to capital. The CEO, Sim Kay Wee, has begun pitching to investors that his company is a smart low-risk investment. Is Sim right, given Valuair's competitive position and the market environment in which it operates?

Expected learning outcomes

Students will be able to apply strategic frameworks in order to develop an understanding of Valuair's market position and use this understanding to advice investment decisions.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or e-mail support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Conceptualising sustainable leadership
Authors: Gerard Laura , McMillan Janice , D’Annunzio-Green Norma
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Literature encompassing sustainable leadership and developing leaders sustainably are still in infancy (Lambert, 2011). Nevertheless indications identify leadership as a vital cog in achieving sustainable organisations. Sustainable leadership can allow a fast, resilient response which is competitive and appealing to all stakeholders (Avery and Bergsteiner, 2011a, b). Arguably, organisations’ need to stop considering leadership as a control function (Casserley and Critchley, 2010; Crews, 2010) and instead focus on dialogue and mutual-interdependency between leaders and their followers (Barr and Dowding, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyse the concept of sustainable leadership to present a conceptual framework surrounding sustainable leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper will review the existing frameworks of sustainable leadership and present a conceptualisation of the frameworks. This conceptualisation synthesises frameworks and literature surrounding the concept of sustainable leadership which involves work from Casserley and Critchley (2010), Avery and Bergsteiner (2011a, b), Hargreaves and Fink (2006), Davies (2007) and Lambert (2011). Seminal themes from the synthesised frameworks are presented in order to attempt to unify the conceptualisation of sustainable leadership.

Findings

Within leadership literature, stakeholder approaches (Groves and LaRocca, 2011; Avery and Bergsteiner, 2011a); discourses underlining the importance of relationship between leaders and followers (Barr and Dowding, 2012); and discussions about the need to develop reflexive and participative leadership models (Kopp and Martinuzzi, 2013) have become prominent. Sustainable leadership embraces all of these new components. The concept advocates organisations should shift emphasis from a traditional singular focus on finances, to a view that organisations are contributors to wider environmental and social influences (Crews, 2010; Avery and Bergsteiner, 2011a).

Originality/value

This paper explores the theoretical frameworks which surround sustainable leadership and will synthesise and present commonly referenced facets of the concept within the internal and external factors influencing sustainable leadership.
If you build it, will they sort it? Compost collection in the academic library learning commons
Authors: Hussong-Christian Uta
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to share one uncommon way that an academic library moved toward more sustainable library operations and to share lessons learned in the implementation of a compost collection program in an academic library.

Design/methodology/approach

Case study.

Findings

The right collaboration is critical to successfully implementing a library composting program and challenges like working around supply purchasing hurdles, reducing contamination in the collection bins, and working out appropriate assessment techniques may be encountered.

Practical implications

Academic libraries can implement compost collections program if the proper infrastructure exists and the appropriate partnerships are established.

Social implications

Academic libraries can be leaders in sustainable building operations and provide learning opportunities for the entire campus and surrounding community.

Originality/value

Very little published literature exists on implementing composting program in libraries of any kind. This case study helps to build that body of literature.
Sustainable library services for all
Authors: Pionke J.J.
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the need to create greater accessibility in libraries through the lens of sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

Exploration of various types of theories including disability theory and sustainability as applied to business structure.

Findings

Using a two tiered approach, that of disability theory and sustainability, can create a useful framework for addressing issues of sustainable accessibility.

Originality/value

Accessibility is a major concern in libraries and creating a sustainable approach rather than utilizing a one size fits all angle will create better library buildings, spaces, and services. This paper focuses on discussing these issues in a way that allows for readers to come away with ideas about how to start shifting attitudes and programs toward a greater degree of sustainable accessibility.
Diversity within unity: jazzing up sustainable information literacy teams
Authors: Caplan Victoria F. , Wong Eunice S.P.
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show how one medium-sized research library sustainably delivers large scale integrated library instruction via team efforts that allow for (and encourage) librarians diverse teaching approaches within a unified team.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper examines an individual case within the context of library and management research literature.

Findings

A self-managed library instruction team, using agreed upon learning outcomes and supported by good infrastructure, communication skills and tools, and within administration supportive of professional development and experimentation can sustainably delivery high volume, high-quality library instruction.

Practical implications

This paper may help other libraries learn how to develop their own self-managed teams to deliver sustainable high volume, high-quality library instruction.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature on self-managed teams in librarianship and especially self-managed teams to deliver sustainable high volume information literacy. It also contributes to the small pool of literature using the jazz metaphor in library instruction.
Influence of media context on humorous advertising effectiveness
Authors: Khandeparkar Kapil , Abhishek
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of three dimensions of media context – program type, break type, and pod position – on two types of humorous advertisements: incongruity resolution (IR) and arousal safety (AS). The study aims to demonstrate that different humor types are evaluated differently under similar media context elements and a particular humorous advertisement can be evaluated differently under different elements of media context.

Design/methodology/approach

The hypotheses were tested through two experiments which were planned and conducted as “between-subjects” design. The analysis of collected data were done through ANOVA using IBM SPSS 22.

Findings

The results indicated that the adverse impact of negative mood (vs positive mood) was greater on IR advertisements as compared to AS advertisements. Similarly, the negative impact of an abrupt break (vs smooth break) was greater on IR advertisements. However, both humor types were effective when placed in positive mood programs and smooth breaks.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that campaign and media planners need to consider the media context as well as humor types to get better return on their adspend. Results of this study can also be applicable for online medium.

Originality/value

This is the first study to test the impact of three dimensions of media context on two types of humorous advertisements.
Does ethics need religion? Evaluating the importance of religiosity in consumer ethics
Authors: Arli Denni
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the importance of religiosity in consumer ethics. This objective will be achieved by investigating the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity on consumer ethics, and segmenting consumers’ religiosity and explore differences between each segment.

Design/methodology/approach

The surveys were distributed to undergraduate students, their friends and members of their immediate families, through a large public university in Australia. Of 700 paper questionnaires, participants returned 651. Incomplete surveys with too many missing values were removed from the sample. Of these, 517 were usable, yielding a response rate of 74 per cent. Singles accounted for 53.9 per cent of the sample, followed by married people (26.8 per cent). Of the respondents, 49.9 per cent were men. The majority of respondents were between 18 and 24 years old (52 per cent), followed by 15-34 years (16.4 per cent). Finally, most respondents had an income level of less than $20,000 (36.6 per cent) followed by $21,000-$40,000 (20.5 per cent) and $41,000-$61,000 (19.7 per cent). Overall, despite being dominated by younger consumers, the sample is relatively representative of the entire adult population of Australia.

Findings

The results show that both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity had an impact on consumers’ ethical beliefs. Moreover, the results show significant differences between the two segments studied. The religious segment was more likely than the non-religious segment to reject various unethical beliefs, but no significant differences were found in the behavioural dimensions of recycling and doing good deeds.

Originality/value

This is one of the first few studies to explore the impact of religiosity on consumer ethics in Australia. The results of this study have several implications for academic researchers, religious leaders and managers working in the area of consumer ethics.
A method of reproducing complex, multi-object anatomical structures
Authors: Kudasik Tomasz , Miechowicz Slawomir
Published: February 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to present a method of reproducing multi-object structures from materials of diverse physical properties with the use of models fabricated by means of rapid prototyping (RP) techniques.

Design/methodology/approach

A process of modelling complex anatomical structures of soft tissues and bones using mandible models as examples was described. The study is based on data acquired through standard computed tomography. Physical models of examined objects were fabricated with RP technology from a 3D-CAD virtual model.

Findings

In the analysis of complex medical issues, beside numerical methods, one can simultaneously make use of experimental tests to verify obtained results. In the case of experimental tests, it is necessary to fabricate physical models with appropriate material properties. RP techniques used in the method ensure accurate reproduction of the external shape of the fabricated model, whereas consecutive stages allow us to construct moulds and create internal structures within a finished model by wax cast models.

Practical implications

The application of a physical RP model makes the identification of medical problem more efficient and the reconstruction of pathological alterations for experimental tests clearer. It prevents the simplification of assumptions to experimental analysis. The approach may reduce costs of fabricating models for experimental studies and offers the possibility of using materials of desired properties.

Originality/value

The approach developed by the authors and presented in this paper was submitted for patent protection as “A Method of Reconstructing Medical Models with Internal Structure and the Use of Materials of Diverse properties” – patent application no. P.398644.
Effect of laser speeds on the mechanical property and corrosion resistance of CoCrW alloy fabricated by SLM
Authors: Lu Yanjin , Gan Yiliang , Lin Junjie , Guo Sai , Wu Songquan , Lin Jinxin
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The aim of the study is to obtain dense Ni-free CoCrW parts fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) technique for dental application.

Design/methodology/approach

The optimum of processing CoCrW powders was investigated by the varying laser scanning speeds between 200 and 1,500 mm/s with the other parameters fixed as constants. The investigations of density, phase, mechanical property and corrosion resistance were conducted.

Findings

It was found that a maximum relative density of 99.4 per cent was obtained with the preferable laser scanning speed of 700 mm/s; the outcome from the tensile test suggested that the 0.2 per cent yield strength of the specimen fabricated at 700 mm/s satisfied the type 5 criteria in ISO22764 for dental application, whereas the electrochemical test indicated that the specimens fabricated at 700 mm/s existed excellent corrosion resistance. The high precision dental denture could be fabricated by SLM.

Originality/value

In the study, the Ni-free CoCrW parts fabricated by SLM was investigated by the tensile and electrochemical tests. The yield strength, corrosion resistance and margin fit accuracy met requirements for dental application. It was considered that the speed of 700 mm/s with the laser powers of 95 W, the track width of 0.11 mm and the layer thickness of 25 μm are promising candidates for fabricating the CoCrW parts.
Models partition for 3D printing objects using skeleton
Authors: Jiang Xiaotong , Cheng Xiaosheng , Peng Qingjin , Liang Luming , Dai Ning , Wei Mingqiang , Cheng Cheng
Published: February 2017

Purpose

It is a challenge to print a model with the size that is larger than the working volume of a three-dimensional (3D) printer. The purpose of this paper is to present a feasible approach to divide a large model into small printing parts to fit the volume of a printer and then assemble these parts into the final model.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed approach is based on the skeletonization and the minima rule. The skeleton of a printing model is first extracted using the mesh contraction and the principal component analysis. The 3D model is then partitioned preliminarily into many smaller parts using the space sweep method and the minima rule. The preliminary partition is finally optimized using the greedy algorithm.

Findings

The skeleton of a 3D model can effectively represent a simplified version of the geometry of the 3D model. Using a model’s skeleton to partition the model is an efficient way. As it is generally desirable to have segmentations at concave creases and seams, the cutting position should be located in the concave region. The proposed approach can partition large models effectively to well retain the integrity of meaningful parts.

Originality/value

The proposed approach is new in the rapid prototyping field using the model skeletonization and the minima rule. Based on the authors’ knowledge, there is no method that concerns the integrity of meaningful parts for partitioning. The proposed method can achieve satisfactory results by the integrity of meaningful parts and assemblability for most 3D models.
Effects of the unit cell topology on the compression properties of porous Co-Cr scaffolds fabricated via selective laser melting
Authors: Han Changjun , Yan Chunze , Wen Shifeng , Xu Tian , Li Shuai , Liu Jie , Wei Qingsong , Shi Yusheng
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing process suitable for fabricating metal porous scaffolds. The unit cell topology is a significant factor that determines the mechanical property of porous scaffolds. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of unit cell topology on the compression properties of porous Cobalt–chromium (Co-Cr) scaffolds fabricated by SLM using finite element (FE) and experimental measurement methods.

Design/methodology/approach

The Co-Cr alloy porous scaffolds constructed in four different topologies, i.e. cubic close packed (CCP), face-centered cubic (FCC), body-centered cubic (BCC) and spherical hollow cubic (SHC), were designed and fabricated via SLM process. FE simulations and compression tests were performed to evaluate the effects of unit cell topology on the compression properties of SLM-processed porous scaffolds.

Findings

The Mises stress predicted by FE simulations showed that different unit cell topologies resulted in distinct stress distributions on the bearing struts of scaffolds, whereas the unit cell size directly determined the stress value. Comparisons on the stress results for four topologies showed that the FCC unit cell has the minimum stress concentration due to its inclined bearing struts and horizontal arms. Simulations and experiments both indicated that the compression modulus and strengths of FCC, BCC, SHC, CCP scaffolds with the same cell size presented in a descending order. These distinct compression behaviors were correlated with the corresponding mechanics response on bearing struts. Two failure mechanisms, cracking and collapse, were found through the results of compression tests, and the influence of topological designs on the failure was analyzed and discussed. Finally, the cell initial response of the SLM-processed Co-Cr scaffold was tested through the in vitro cell culture experiment.

Originality/value

A focus and concern on the compression properties of SLM-processed porous scaffolds was presented from a new perspective of unit cell topology. It provides some new knowledge to the structure optimization of porous scaffolds for load-bearing bone implants.
Tensile strength of partially filled FFF printed parts: experimental results
Authors: Mahmood Shahrain , Qureshi A.J. , Goh Kheng Lim , Talamona Didier
Published: February 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the effect of changes of a comprehensive list of process parameters on part scalability and tensile strength of fused filament fabrication (FFF) printed parts. A number of parameters hitherto not studied such as cross-sectional area and its interaction with number of shells and infill density are presented and studied.

Design/methodology/approach

From a preliminary investigation, results have shown that varying the process parameters affects the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of a FFF printed component, with component scale and number of shells as the two most significant parameters affecting the UTS. A further investigation based on the interactions of four process parameters, specimen width, b, specimen thickness, h, number of shells, n, and infill density, i, and their effects on the UTS was performed. Taguchi’s design of experiment was used to develop an experimental plan in this investigation. Specimens were printed and tested for their tensile strength until fracture and the results analyzed.

Findings

Results obtained support an inverse relationship between part scalability, change in cross-sectional area and the UTS of a FFF printed part. The UTS results were calculated in line with conventional method based on the gross cross-sectional area of A = (b × h).

Originality/value

The paper investigates the effect of part scalability on the UTS of FFF printed parts and evaluates the conventional method of calculating material tensile strength of FFF printed parts using the gross cross-sectional area of A = (b × h). The results of this findings show that the conventional method cannot be used as FFF printed parts consists of partially filled parts and not a solid component.
Stereo vision-based repair of metallic components
Authors: Liu Renwei , Wang Zhiyuan , Sparks Todd , Liou Frank , Nedic Cedo
Published: February 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate a stereo vision-based hybrid (additive and subtractive) manufacturing process using direct laser metal deposition, computer numerical control (CNC) machining and in-process scanning to repair metallic components automatically. The focus of this work was to realize automated alignment and adaptive tool path generation that can repair metallic components after a single setup.

Design/methodology/approach

Stereo vision was used to detect the defect area for automated alignment. After the defect is located, a laser displacement sensor is used to scan the defect area before and after laser metal deposition. The scan is then processed by an adaptive algorithm to generate a tool path for repairing the defect.

Findings

The hybrid manufacturing processes for repairing metallic component combine the advantages of free-form fabrication from additive manufacturing with the high-accuracy offered by CNC machining. A Ti-6Al-4V component with a manufacturing defect was repaired by the proposed process. Compared to previous research on repairing worn components, introducing stereo vision and laser scanning dramatically simplifies the manual labor required to extract and reconstruct the defect area’s geometry.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates an automated metallic component repair process by integrating stereo vision and a laser displacement sensor into a hybrid manufacturing system. Experimental results and microstructure analysis shows that the defect area could be repaired feasibly and efficiently with acceptable heat affected zone using the proposed approach.