bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personalized risk prediction for event‐free survival at 24 months in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Maurer Matthew J. , Jais Jean‐Philippe , Ghesquières Hervé , Witzig Thomas E. , Hong Fangxin , Haioun Corinne , Thompson Carrie A. , Thieblemont Catherine , Micallef Ivana N. , Porrata Luis F. , Ribrag Vincent , Nowakowski Gregorz S. , Casasnovas Olivier , Bologna Serge , Morschhauser Franck , Morrison Vicki A. , Peterson Bruce A. , Macon William R. , Copie‐Bergman Christiane , Feldman Andrew L. , Syrbu Sergei I. , Kurtin Paul J. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Li Hailun , Allmer Cristine , Kahl Brad S. , Ansell Stephen M. , Slager Susan L. , Link Brian K. , Salles Gilles , Habermann Thomas M. , Tilly Hervé , Cerhan James R.
Published: October 2015

We recently defined event‐free survival at 24 months (EFS24) as a clinically relevant outcome for patients with DLBCL. Patients who fail EFS24 have very poor overall survival, while those who achieve EFS24 have a subsequent overall survival equivalent to that of the age‐ and sex‐matched general population. Here, we develop and validate a clinical risk calculator (IPI24) for EFS24. Model building was performed on a discovery dataset of 1,348 patients with DLBCL and treated with anthracycline‐based immunochemotherapy. A multivariable model containing age, Ann Arbor stage, normalized serum LDH, ALC, ECOG performance status, bulky disease, and sex was identified. The model was then applied to an independent validation dataset of 1,177 DLBCL patients. The IPI24 score estimates the probability of failing to achieve the EFS24 endpoint for an individual patient. The IPI24 model showed superior discriminatory ability (c‐statistic = 0.671) in the validation dataset compared to the IPI (c‐statistic = 0.649) or the NCCN‐IPI (c‐statistic = 0.657). After recalibration of the model on the combined dataset, the median predicted probability of failing to achieve EFS24 was 36% (range, 12–88%), and the IPI24 showed an EFS24 gradient in all IPI groups. The IPI24 also identified a significant percentage of patients with high risk disease, with over 20% of patients having a 50% or higher risk of failing to achieve EFS24. The IPI24 provides an individual patient level probability of achieving the clinically relevant EFS24 endpoint. It can be used via electronic apps. Am. J. Hematol. 91:179–184, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Void‐Assisted Ion‐Paired Proton Transfer at Water–Ionic Liquid Interfaces
Authors: de Eulate Eva Alvarez , Silvester Debbie S. , Arrigan Damien W. M.
Published: October 2015

At the water–trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([P14,6,6,6][FAP]) ionic liquid interface, the unusual electrochemical transfer behavior of protons (H+) and deuterium ions (D+) was identified. Alkali metal cations (such as Li+, Na+, K+) did not undergo this transfer. H+/D+ transfers were assisted by the hydrophobic counter anion of the ionic liquid, [FAP]−, resulting in the formation of a mixed capacitive layer from the filling of the latent voids within the anisotropic ionic liquid structure. This phenomenon could impact areas such as proton‐coupled electron transfers, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage where ionic liquids are used as aprotic solvents.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Spirocyclohexadienones by NHC‐Catalyzed Formal [3+3] Annulation Reaction of Enals
Authors: Yetra Santhivardhana Reddy , Mondal Santigopal , Mukherjee Subrata , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Biju Akkattu T.
Published: October 2015

The enantioselective synthesis of pyrazolone‐fused spirocyclohexadienones was demonstrated by the reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with α‐arylidene pyrazolinones under oxidative N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)catalysis. This atom‐economic and formal [3+3] annulation reaction proceeds through a vinylogous Michael addition/spiroannulation/dehydrogenation cascade to afford spirocyclic compounds with an all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter in moderate to good yields and excellent ee values. Key to the success of the reaction is the cooperative NHC‐catalyzed generation of chiral α,β‐unsaturated acyl azoliums from enals, and base‐mediated tandem generation of dienolate/enolate intermediates from pyrazolinones.
Supramolecular Porphyrin Copolymer Assembled through Host–Guest Interactions and Metal–Ligand Coordination
Authors: Kinjo Kanashi , Hirao Takehiro , Kihara Shin‐ichi , Katsumoto Yukiteru , Haino Takeharu
Published: October 2015

Bisporphyrin cleft molecule 1 Zn possessing a guest moiety assembled to form supramolecular polymers through host–guest interactions. Bispyridine cross‐linkers created interchain connections among the supramolecular polymers to form networked polymers in solution. Solution viscometry confirmed that the cross‐linked supramolecular polymers were highly entangled. Frequency‐dependent linear viscoelastic spectroscopy revealed that the supramolecular polymers generated well‐entangled solutions with associating and networking polymers, whereas the solid‐like aggregates moved individually without breaking and reforming structures below the transition temperature of 9.6 °C. Morphological transition of the supramolecular polymers was evidenced by AFM images; the non‐cross‐linked polymer resulted in wide‐spread thin networks, while the cross‐linked networks produced thicker worm‐like nanostructures. The supramolecular networks gelled in 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane, and an elastic free‐standing film was fabricated with a Young’s modulus of 1 GPa.
De Novo Fragment Design for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology
Authors: Rodrigues Tiago , Reker Daniel , Welin Martin , Caldera Michael , Brunner Cyrill , Gabernet Gisela , Schneider Petra , Walse Björn , Schneider Gisbert
Published: October 2015

Automated molecular de novo design led to the discovery of an innovative inhibitor of death‐associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3). An unprecedented crystal structure of the inactive DAPK3 homodimer shows the fragment‐like hit bound to the ATP pocket. Target prediction software based on machine learning models correctly identified additional macromolecular targets of the computationally designed compound and the structurally related marketed drug azosemide. The study validates computational de novo design as a prime method for generating chemical probes and starting points for drug discovery.
Enantioselective Trichloromethylation of MBH‐Fluorides with Chloroform Based on Silicon‐assisted C−F Activation and Carbanion Exchange Induced by a Ruppert–Prakash Reagent
Authors: Nishimine Takayuki , Taira Hiromi , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio
Published: October 2015

Enantioselective trichloromethylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH)‐type allylic fluorides with chloroform (HCCl3) under organocatalysis was achieved with high to excellent enantioselectivities. Silicon‐assisted C−F bond activation by a Ruppert–Prakash reagent and direct activation of HCCl3 by a carbanion exchange process with trifluoromethyl (CF3) carbanion generated in situ from the Ruppert‐Prakash reagent realized the direct asymmetric trichloromethylation at a stereogenic allylic positon, without any help from transition metal catalysis, and under very mild conditions. Pre‐activation of HCCl3 was not required. This method was extended to the direct enantioselective introduction of other C−H compounds such as alkyne, arene, indene, and FBSM without any pre‐activation under a metal‐free system.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) synthesis catalysed by chelated Sn, Zn and Mg complexes
Authors: Švec Petr , Hubená Petra , Růžičková Zdeňka , Holubová Jana , Pouzar Miloslav , Merna Jan , Růžička Aleš
Published: October 2015

A series of four C,N‐chelated diorganotin(IV) compounds, namely (LCN)2Sn(OCH2CH2O) (1), [LCNBuSn(OCH2CH2O)]2 (2), (LCN)2Sn(1,2‐(O)2‐3,5‐tBu2C6H2) (3) and [LCNBuSn(1,2‐(O)2‐3,5‐tBu2C6H2)]2 (4) (LCN = 2‐(Me2NCH2)C6H4), one zinc species, namely LNOZnEt (5) (LNO = [2‐(MeO)C6H4]NC(Me)C(H)C(Me)O), and one magnesium complex, namely [LNNMg]6 (6), (LNN = [2‐(Me2NCH2)C6H4]N), were used as catalysts for the synthesis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) from dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol. Prepared PET samples were primarily characterized using the size exclusion chromatography technique. The highest number‐average molar mass of prepared PET samples reached 10.7 kg mol−1. Novel dimeric compound 2 was structurally characterized using both multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. In addition, an alternative synthesis of 1 is described. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface and bulk properties improvement of HDPE by a batch plasma treatment
Authors: Meemusaw Mintra , Magaraphan Rathanawan
Published: October 2015

High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) pellets were modified via atmospheric plasma treatment using nitrogen flushing. The new application of plasma treatment was introduced in this work, namely a batch treatment on plastic pellets just prior to its feeding to the extrusion process in comparison with the conventional surface treatment of the plastic sheet. The effect of treatment time (15–120 s) on wettability, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the modified HDPE were investigated and compared with the typical surface‐treated HDPE and untreated HDPE. The pellet treatment distributed well the hydrophilicity groups so that both surface and bulk properties were improved. It showed an enhancement of wettability similar to surface treatment at short treatment time (15 s). Attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of new chemical groups (nitrogen and oxygen up to 5 and 42 at %, respectively). In addition, crosslinked structure was also disclosed by solvent extraction (gel content of 3.5–5.5 wt % increased with treatment time) and significantly affected to decrease the crystallinity from 76% in the untreated sample to 63%. The decomposition process of the pellet treatment samples was delayed. Lastly, pellet treatment yielded advantages in remaining hydrophilicity during aging and improving mechanical properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43011.
Wear‐resistant cotton fabrics modified by PU coatings prepared via mist polymerization
Authors: Fan Wanchao , Zhu Yanhui , Xi Guanghui , Huang Meiqi , Liu Xiang Dong
Published: October 2015

Cotton fabric was successfully modified using a simple mist polymerization with polyurethane (PU) prepolymer and ethylene glycol as the monomers. Scanning electron microscope showed the presence of a very thin polymer coating on the cotton fiber surface. Martindale abrasion tests revealed that the thin PU coating imparted to the cotton fabric a doubled wearing durability compared with the original fabric. Additional experiments demonstrated that the mist polymerization has little impact on the desired cotton properties such as water absorptivity, vapor transmissibility, mechanical property, and flexibility. Considering the excellent balance between the enhanced abrasion resistance and the cotton natures, this surface modification methodology has potential to fabricate wearing durable textiles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43024.
G‐Tetraplex‐Induced FRET within Telomeric Repeat Sequences Using PyA‐PerA as Energy Donor–Acceptor Pair
Authors: Kundu Rajen
Published: October 2015

G‐tetraplex induced fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) within telomeric repeat sequences has been studied using a nucleoside‐tethered FRET pair embedded in the human telomeric G‐quadruplex forming sequence (5′‐A GGG TTPyA GGG TTPerA GGG TTA GGG‐3′, Py=pyrene, Per=perylene). Conformational change from a single strand to an anti‐parallel G‐quadruplex leads to FRET from energy donor (PyA) to acceptor (PerA). The distance between the FRET donor/acceptor partners was controlled by changing the number of G‐quartet spacer units. The FRET efficiency decreases with increase in G‐quartet units. Overall findings indicate that this could be further used for the development of FRET‐based sensing and measurement techniques.
Probing the reaching–grasping network in humans through multivoxel pattern decoding
Authors: Di Bono Maria Grazia , Begliomini Chiara , Castiello Umberto , Zorzi Marco
Published: October 2015

Introduction

The quest for a putative human homolog of the reaching–grasping network identified in monkeys has been the focus of many neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies in recent years. These studies have shown that the network underlying reaching‐only and reach‐to‐grasp movements includes the superior parieto‐occipital cortex (SPOC), the anterior part of the human intraparietal sulcus (hAIP), the ventral and the dorsal portion of the premotor cortex, and the primary motor cortex (M1). Recent evidence for a wider frontoparietal network coding for different aspects of reaching‐only and reach‐to‐grasp actions calls for a more fine‐grained assessment of the reaching–grasping network in humans by exploiting pattern decoding methods (multivoxel pattern analysis—MVPA).

Methods

Here, we used MPVA on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to assess whether regions of the frontoparietal network discriminate between reaching‐only and reach‐to‐grasp actions, natural and constrained grasping, different grasp types, and object sizes. Participants were required to perform either reaching‐only movements or two reach‐to‐grasp types (precision or whole hand grasp) upon spherical objects of different sizes.

Results

Multivoxel pattern analysis highlighted that, independently from the object size, all the selected regions of both hemispheres contribute in coding for grasp type, with the exception of SPOC and the right hAIP. Consistent with recent neurophysiological findings on monkeys, there was no evidence for a clear‐cut distinction between a dorsomedial and a dorsolateral pathway that would be specialized for reaching‐only and reach‐to‐grasp actions, respectively. Nevertheless, the comparison of decoding accuracy across brain areas highlighted their different contributions to reaching‐only and grasping actions.

Conclusions

Altogether, our findings enrich the current knowledge regarding the functional role of key brain areas involved in the cortical control of reaching‐only and reach‐to‐grasp actions in humans, by revealing novel fine‐grained distinctions among action types within a wide frontoparietal network.
Role of Spm–Cer‐S1P signalling pathway in MMP‐2 mediated U46619‐induced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: protective role of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate
Authors: Chowdhury Animesh , Sarkar Jaganmay , Chakraborti Tapati , Chakraborti Sajal
Published: October 2015

During remodelling of pulmonary artery, marked proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) occurs, which contributes to pulmonary hypertension. Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) has been shown to produce pulmonary hypertension. The present study investigates the inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) on the TxA2 mimetic, U46619‐induced proliferation of PASMCs. U46619 at a concentration of 10 nM induces maximum proliferation of bovine PASMCs. Both pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of p38MAPK, NF‐κB and MMP‐2 significantly inhibit U46619‐induced cell proliferation. EGCG markedly abrogate U46619‐induced p38MAPK phosphorylation, NF‐κB activation, proMMP‐2 expression and activation, and also the cell proliferation. U46619 causes an increase in the activation of sphingomyelinase (SMase) and sphingosine kinase (SPHK) and also increase sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) level. U46619 also induces phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which phosphorylates SPHK leading to an increase in S1P level. Both pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of SMase and SPHK markedly inhibit U46619‐induced cell proliferation. Additionally, pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of MMP‐2 markedly abrogate U46619‐induced SMase activity and S1P level. EGCG markedly inhibit U46619‐induced SMase activity, ERK1/2 and SPHK phosphorylation and S1P level in the cells. Overall, Sphingomyeline–Ceramide–Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (Spm–Cer–S1P) signalling axis plays an important role in MMP‐2 mediated U46619‐induced proliferation of PASMCs. Importantly, EGCG inhibits U46619 induced increase in MMP‐2 activation by modulating p38MAPK–NFκB pathway and subsequently prevents the cell proliferation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aortic iatrogenic perforation during transseptal puncture and successful occlusion with Amplatzer ductal occluder in a case of mitral paravalvular leak closure
Authors: Mijangos‐Vázquez Roberto , García‐Montes José Antonio , Zabal‐Cerdeira Carlos
Published: October 2015

Complications of transseptal puncture are significant and potentially life threatening. Aortic perforation is one of these complications and it needs to be repaired immediately. We report the case of a 48‐year‐old female with a history of rheumatic mitral valve disease. She underwent three previous mitral valve replacements. Her last echocardiogram reported an anterolateral leak in the mitral prosthesis. Catheterization was performed. During the procedure, when attempting to perform transseptal puncture, catheterization was complicated by a forcefully puncture of the aortic root by the Brockenbrough needle followed by an immediately advancement of an 8‐Fr Mullins sheath. We decided to leave the 8‐Fr sheath in the aortic root recognizing the danger of removing the sheath and finally we advanced a 6/4 mm Amplatzer ductal occluder (ADO I) through the Mullins sheath and under fluoroscopy and TEE guidance we achieved a successful deployment of the device and closure of the perforation. Subsequently, the paravalvular leak was closed with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP III 10/5 mm). There are only three cases of a similar technique for the same injury in which the authors describe successful closing of aortic perforation with percutaneous closure devices. Our case is the first described during a mitral paravalvular leak closure. It is also the first to describe a different technique of leaving the Mullins sheath in the aortic root and advancing the Amplatzer device through it to achieve successful closure of the aortic perforation. We preferred the percutaneous closure over open‐heart repair. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Streamlining the learning process for TAVI: Insight from a comparative analysis of the OCEAN‐TAVI and the massy registries
Authors: Inohara Taku , Hayashida Kentaro , Watanabe Yusuke , Yamamoto Masanori , Takagi Kensuke , Yashima Fumiaki , Arai Takahide , Shimizu Hideyuki , Chevalier Bernard , Lefèvre Thierry , Fukuda Keiichi , Morice Marie‐Claude
Published: October 2015

Backgrounds

To facilitate the learning process of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in Japan, unique supporting systems (e.g., on‐site proctor and web‐based screening systems) have been developed. Nevertheless, little is known about real‐world clinical outcomes after TAVI in Japan compared with their European counterparts.

Methods

From the optimized catheter valvular intervention (OCEAN‐TAVI, Japan) and the Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud (Massy, France) registries, we evaluated a total of 134 and 178 patients, respectively, who underwent transfemoral TAVI during the same time period.

Results

Among the French cohort, about half of the patients (N = 81, 45.5%) were treated with the Edwards SAPIEN XT. Body surface area was significantly smaller in the Japanese cohort, although operative risks for both cohorts were almost the same. A greater percentage of patients in the Japanese cohort were implanted with 23 mm valves compared with the French cohort (73.1% vs. 23.0%, P < 0.001), reflecting the smaller annulus diameter (21.8 ± 1.6 vs. 23.8 ± 2.4 mm, P < 0.001). All‐cause 30‐day mortality (0% vs. 0.6%, P = 1.000) and 30‐day combined safety endpoint based on the Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 (VARC2) criteria (9.7% vs. 11.2%, P = 0.713) were similar when limiting the analysis to patients treated with the Edwards SAPIEN XT.

Conclusions

Despite the unfavorable aortic anatomy of the Japanese patients, their clinical outcomes after transfemoral TAVI were excellent with the same degree of safety as in an experienced European institute. This minimized learning process achieved the use of unique support systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful percutaneous coronary intervention for complex bifurcated lesions with combination of “Reverse wire technique” and “Reverse bent wiring with the crusade catheter” novel wire manipulation technique
Authors: Nomura Tetsuya , Higuchi Yusuke , Kato Taku
Published: October 2015

We encountered a case of percutaneous coronary intervention for complex bifurcated lesions in the mid portion of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The diagonal artery branched from the LAD artery with a markedly angulated pattern and there was severe stenosis from just proximal to this diagonal artery. The “reverse wire technique facilitated with the Crusade catheter” enabled us to cross a guidewire through to the markedly angulated diagonal side branch (SB). Next, we adopted a mini‐crushing stent strategy for this true bifurcated lesion. Thereafter, we adopted “reverse bent wiring with the Crusade catheter” for wire re‐crossing to the incarcerated side branch, and successfully completed all procedures. This technique for successful wire re‐crossing is simple but can be very effective in specific situations in practical percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Many PCI operators may empirically adopt this kind of wire manipulation technique. However, this case is the first report in the world describing the application of a “reverse bent wiring with the Crusade catheter” for wire re‐crossing through a double‐folded stent strut to a SB at the optimal point of the bifurcation. In this case, we made the most of the Crusade catheter. This catheter is a very useful device for multifactorial use in practical PCI. It can help us to perform complex PCI procedures successfully. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spontaneous remission in three cases of AML M5 with NPM1 mutation
Authors: Camus Vincent , Etancelin Pascaline , Jardin Fabrice , Lenain Pascal , Contentin Nathalie , Daliphard Sylvie , Buchonnet Gérard , Lemasle Emilie , Lanic Hélène , Leprêtre Stéphane , Penther Dominique , Dubois Sydney , Tilly Hervé , Bastard Christian , Stamatoullas Aspasia
Published: October 2015

Key Clinical Message

Patients with NPM1‐mutated AML M5 who develop spontaneous remission (SR) after antibiotic therapy at diagnosis seem to form a favorable prognosis and chemo sensitive subtype. We report three cases of AML M5 patients with the same genotype that experienced transient SR and are now leukemia free after standard treatment.
Ultrafine Fe3O4 Quantum Dots on Hybrid Carbon Nanosheets for Long‐Life, High‐Rate Alkali‐Metal Storage
Authors: Liu Shaohong , Wang Yuwei , Dong Yanfeng , Zhao Zongbin , Wang Zhiyu , Qiu Jieshan
Published: October 2015

One promising and economic step towards technological advancements in Na‐ion and Li‐ion batteries is to develop versatile electrode materials for alkali‐metal storage. Transitional‐metal oxides are appealing candidates, owing to their intrinsically low cost, high capacity, and enhanced safety. However, they generally show poor activity and a short lifespan in practical use. Herein, we report the fabrication of a versatile long‐life, high‐rate anode material for Li/Na storage by strongly binding ultrafine Fe3O4 quantum dots onto hybrid carbon nanosheets. Such nanocomposites are advantageous for inhibiting particle aggregation, reducing ionic diffusion pathways, and enabling fast accessibility to electrolyte ions across large electrode–electrolyte interfaces. They exhibit a long lifetime of 1000 cycles, high capacities, and exceptional high rate capabilities towards alkali‐metal storage, highlighting great promise in high‐energy and high‐power energy applications.
Carbon‐Dot‐Sensitized, Nitrogen‐Doped TiO2 in Mesoporous Silica for Water Decontamination through Nonhydrophobic Enrichment–Degradation Mode
Authors: Cheng Chen , Tan Xianjun , Lu Deli , Wang Lingzhi , Sen Tapas , Lei Juying , El‐Toni Ahmed Mohamed , Zhang Jinlong , Zhang Fan , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: October 2015

Mesoporous silica synthesized from the cocondensation of tetraethoxysilane and silylated carbon dots containing an amide group has been adopted as the carrier for the in situ growth of TiO2 through an impregnation–hydrothermal crystallization process. Benefitting from initial complexation between the titania precursor and carbon dot, highly dispersed anatase TiO2 nanoparticles can be formed inside the mesoporous channel. The hybrid material possesses an ordered hexagonal mesostructure with p6mm symmetry, a high specific surface area (446.27 m2 g−1), large pore volume (0.57 cm3 g−1), uniform pore size (5.11 nm), and a wide absorption band between λ=300 and 550 nm. TiO2 nanocrystals are anchored to the carbon dot through TiON and TiOC bonds, as revealed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Moreover, the nitrogen doping of TiO2 is also verified by the formation of the TiN bond. This composite shows excellent adsorption capabilities for 2,4‐dichlorophenol and acid orange 7, with an electron‐deficient aromatic ring, through electron donor–acceptor interactions between the carbon dot and organic compounds instead of the hydrophobic effect, as analyzed by the contact angle analysis. The composite can be photocatalytically recycled through visible‐light irradiation after adsorption. The narrowed band gap, as a result of nitrogen doping, and the photosensitization effect of carbon dots are revealed to be coresponsible for the visible‐light activity of TiO2. The adsorption capacity does not suffer any clear losses after being recycled three times.
Extending the Scope of the B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed CN Bond Reduction: Hydrogenation of Oxime Ethers and Hydrazones
Authors: Mohr Jens , Porwal Digvijay , Chatterjee Indranil , Oestreich Martin
Published: October 2015

The B(C6F5)3‐catalyzed hydrogenation is applied to aldoxime triisopropylsilyl ethers and hydrazones bearing an easily removable phthaloyl protective group. The CN reduction of aldehyde‐derived substrates (oxime ethers and hydrazones) is enabled by using 1,4‐dioxane as the solvent known to participate as the Lewis‐basic component in FLP‐type heterolytic dihydrogen splitting. More basic ketone‐derived hydrazones act as Lewis bases themselves in the FLP‐type dihydrogen activation and are therefore successfully hydrogenated in nondonating toluene. The difference in reactivity between aldehyde‐ and ketone‐derived substrates is also reflected in the required catalyst loading and dihydrogen pressure.
Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Chiral O,N,O‐tridentate Phenol Ligands Derived From Camphor
Authors: Lee Dong‐Sheng , Chang Shu‐Ming , Ho Chun‐Ying , Lu Ta‐Jung
Published: October 2015

Chiral O,N,O‐tridentate phenol ligands bearing a camphor backbone were found to be effective chiral catalysts for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes, resulting in high enantioselectivities (80–95% ee) at room temperature. Chirality 28:65–71, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Double Whammy: Targeting Both Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) and Cyclooxygenase (COX) To Treat Pain and Inflammation
Authors: Scarpelli Rita , Sasso Oscar , Piomelli Daniele
Published: October 2015

Pain states that arise from non‐resolving inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease or arthritis, pose an unusually difficult challenge for therapy because of the complexity and heterogeneity of their underlying mechanisms. It has been suggested that key nodes linking interactive pathogenic pathways of non‐resolving inflammation might offer novel targets for the treatment of inflammatory pain. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX)‐mediated production of pain‐ and inflammation‐inducing prostanoids, are a common first‐line treatment for this condition, but their use is limited by mechanism‐based side effects. The endogenous levels of anandamide, an endocannabinoid mediator with analgesic and tissue‐protective functions, are regulated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). This review outlines the pharmacological and chemical rationale for the simultaneous inhibition of COX and FAAH activities with designed multitarget agents. Preclinical studies indicate that such agents may combine superior anti‐inflammatory efficacy with reduced toxicity.
Reduced prefrontal activation during working and long‐term memory tasks and impaired patient‐reported cognition among cancer survivors postchemotherapy compared with healthy controls
Authors: Wang Lei , Apple Alexandra C. , Schroeder Matthew P. , Ryals Anthony J. , Voss Joel L. , Gitelman Darren , Sweet Jerry J. , Butt Zeeshan A. , Cella David , Wagner Lynne I.
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

Patients who receive adjuvant chemotherapy have reported cognitive impairments that may last for years after the completion of treatment. Working memory‐related and long‐term memory‐related changes in this population are not well understood. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that cancer‐related cognitive impairments are associated with the under recruitment of brain regions involved in working and recognition memory compared with controls.

METHODS

Oncology patients (n = 15) who were receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and had evidence of cognitive impairment according to neuropsychological testing and self‐report and a group of age‐matched, education group‐matched, cognitively normal control participants (n = 14) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants performed a nonverbal n‐back working memory task and a visual recognition task.

RESULTS

On the working memory task, when 1‐back and 2‐back data were averaged and contrasted with 0‐back data, significantly reduced activation was observed in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for oncology patients versus controls. On the recognition task, oncology patients displayed decreased activity of the left‐middle hippocampus compared with controls. Neuroimaging results were not associated with patient‐reported cognition.

CONCLUSIONS

Decreased recruitment of brain regions associated with the encoding of working memory and recognition memory was observed in the oncology patients compared with the control group. These results suggest that there is a reduction in neural functioning postchemotherapy and corroborate patient‐reported cognitive difficulties after cancer treatment, although a direct association was not observed. Cancer 2016;122:258–268. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
FaceTime validation study: Low‐cost streaming video for cytology adequacy assessment
Authors: Agarwal Shweta , Zhao Lichao , Zhang Roy , Hassell Lewis
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

Adequacy assessment for fine‐needle aspiration procedures is a standard of care in large medical centers. Although the benefits of this approach include higher adequacy rates with fewer passes, it costs cytopathologist time and affects other clinical responsibilities. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the use of mobile video streaming (FaceTime) technology with the help of smartphone adapters attached to microscopes for remote adequacy assessment of cytologic samples.

METHODS

The study consisted of 2 phases: Phase 1 was a retrospective assessment of 25 samples by a primary pathologist with simultaneous streaming to a second pathologist using a smartphone (iPhone/iPad) FaceTime connection. Data on the adequacy of each sample and preliminary diagnoses were recorded. In phase 2, live cases were assessed prospectively by an onsite primary pathologist and by a remote pathologist using an iPhone/iPad‐FaceTime connection. The testing phase involved prospective assessment of additional samples with a resident or cytotechnologist as the slide driver.

RESULTS

In phase 1, retrospective evaluation of 25 samples yielded considerable agreement (22 of 25 samples; 88%) between onsite and remote adequacy assessments. Three samples (12%) yielded results that did not agree, including 2 samples that were read as adequate in the onsite evaluation that were assessed as indeterminate using FaceTime. In phase 2 and in the testing phase, 14 samples exhibited considerable agreement on both adequacy and preliminary diagnosis (6 samples in phase 2 and 8 samples in the testing phase) and are currently available for reporting. Problems encountered include software version standardization, camera alignment, and (rarely) comprehension of the audio stream.

CONCLUSIONS

The current data indicate that iPhone/iPad FaceTime technology can be used to perform remote adequacy assessments of fine‐needle aspirations and can help save valuable time for pathologists. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:213–220. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Perspectives in Drug Development and Clinical Pharmacology: The Discovery of Histamine H1 and H2 Antagonists
Authors: Jones Alan Wayne
Published: October 2015

Knowledge about the history and development of therapeutic agents holds a central position in the education and training of pharmacists and pharmacologists. Students enjoy learning about the discovery of drugs, including details about the pioneer workers involved (apothecaries, organic chemists, pharmacologists, and physiologists) and the role played by serendipity. The treatment of people suffering from allergies and the development of drugs that block the actions of histamine at H1 and H2 receptors are the subject of this review. Pharmaceutical products that block H1 receptors are widely used as prophylactic treatment for seasonal allergies that plague millions of people worldwide. The development of H2 receptor antagonists revolutionized treatment of gastric hyperacidity, the principal cause of peptic ulcers. Antihistamine research has changed focus toward the development of drugs that block the action of histamine at H3 and H4 receptors and the therapeutic potential is gradually being appreciated.
A Phase 1 Dose‐Escalation Study of ASP2409, a Selective T‐Cell Costimulation Inhibitor, in Stable Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients on Methotrexate Therapy
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Kernstock Robert M. , Karrer Erik E. , Cohen Stanley B. , Chindalore Vishala L. , Kivitz Alan J. , Blahunka Paul C. , Delgado‐Herrera Leticia , Zeiher Bernhardt G. , Samberg Nancy L. , Garg Jay P.
Published: October 2015

ASP2409 represents a new class of CTLA4‐Ig molecules with higher binding avidity and selectivity to CD86. This first‐in‐human study was to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics of ASP2409 in stable rheumatoid arthritis patients on methotrexate therapy with a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled dose‐escalation study design. Patients were enrolled and randomized in each of 8 dose‐escalation cohorts ranging from 0.001 to 3.0 mg/kg to receive either ASP2409 or placebo in a sequential manner. Escalation to higher dose levels occurred in the absence of dose‐limiting toxicity. A total of 57 patients completed the study. ASP2409 showed nonlinear PK over the dose range of 0.01 to 3.0 mg/kg following a single intravenous administration, indicating target‐mediated drug disposition. Area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) increased at a greater than dose‐proportional rate. The half‐life of ASP2409 increased dose dependently and ranged from 1.57 to 6.68 days. ASP2409 showed a dose‐dependent increase in the extent and duration of CD86 receptor occupancy. There were no clinically relevant safety issues up to a single dose of 3.0 mg/kg. No maximum tolerated dose was reached. The incidence and duration of antidrug antibodies did not correlate with adverse events. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02171143
Nonfragile passivity and passification of nonlinear singular networked control systems with randomly occurring controller gain fluctuation
Authors: Li Aichuan , Liu Bin
Published: October 2015

In this article, the nonfragile passivity and passification problems are investigated for a class of nonlinear singular networked control systems (NCSs) with network‐induced time‐varying delay. In particular, the randomly occurring controller gain fluctuation is taken into consideration by introducing the stochastic variable satisfying the Bernoulli random distribution. By constructing proper Lyapunov–Krasovskii function, delay‐dependent sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the passivity of the singular NCSs. Based on the derived results, the nonfragile passification controller is further designed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of our theoretical results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 200–210, 2016
Bio‐based Wrinkled Surfaces Harnessed from Biological Design Principles of Wood and Peroxidase Activity
Authors: Izawa Hironori , Okuda Noriko , Ifuku Shinsuke , Morimoto Minoru , Saimoto Hiroyuki , Rojas Orlando J.
Published: October 2015

A new and simple approach for surface wrinkling inspired by polymer assemblies in wood fibers is introduced. A hard skin is synthesized on a linear polysaccharide support that resembles the structural units of the cell wall. This skin, a wood mimetic layer, is produced through immersion in a solution containing phenolic precursor and subsequent surface reaction by horseradish peroxidase. A patterned surface with micron‐scale wrinkles is formed upon drying and as a result of inhomogeneous shrinkage. We demonstrate that the design of the wrinkled surfaces can be controlled by the molecular structure of the phenolic precursor, temperature, and drying stress. It is noteworthy that this is a totally bio‐based system involving green materials and processes.
Seawater as Alternative to Freshwater in Pretreatment of Date Palm Residues for Bioethanol Production in Coastal and/or Arid Areas
Authors: Fang Chuanji , Thomsen Mette Hedegaard , Brudecki Grzegorz P. , Cybulska Iwona , Frankær Christian Grundahl , Bastidas‐Oyanedel Juan‐Rodrigo , Schmidt Jens Ejbye
Published: October 2015

The large water consumption (1.9–5.9 m3 water per m3 of biofuel) required by biomass processing plants has become an emerging concern, which is particularly critical in arid/semiarid regions. Seawater, as a widely available water source, could be an interesting option. This work was to study the technical feasibility of using seawater to replace freshwater in the pretreatment of date palm leaflets, a lignocellulosic biomass from arid regions, for bioethanol production. It was shown that leaflets pretreated with seawater exhibited lower cellulose crystallinity than those pretreated with freshwater. Pretreatment with seawater produced comparably digestible and fermentable solids to those obtained with freshwater. Moreover, no significant difference of inhibition to Saccharomyces cerevisiae was observed between liquids from pretreatment with seawater and freshwater. The results showed that seawater could be a promising alternative to freshwater for lignocellulose biorefineries in coastal and/or arid/semiarid areas.
Modeling of inter‐sample variation in flow cytometric data with the joint clustering and matching procedure
Authors: Lee Sharon X. , McLachlan Geoffrey J. , Pyne Saumyadipta
Published: October 2015

We present an algorithm for modeling flow cytometry data in the presence of large inter‐sample variation. Large‐scale cytometry datasets often exhibit some within‐class variation due to technical effects such as instrumental differences and variations in data acquisition, as well as subtle biological heterogeneity within the class of samples. Failure to account for such variations in the model may lead to inaccurate matching of populations across a batch of samples and poor performance in classification of unlabeled samples. In this paper, we describe the Joint Clustering and Matching (JCM) procedure for simultaneous segmentation and alignment of cell populations across multiple samples. Under the JCM framework, a multivariate mixture distribution is used to model the distribution of the expressions of a fixed set of markers for each cell in a sample such that the components in the mixture model may correspond to the various populations of cells, which have similar expressions of markers (that is, clusters), in the composition of the sample. For each class of samples, an overall class template is formed by the adoption of random‐effects terms to model the inter‐sample variation within a class. The construction of a parametric template for each class allows for direct quantification of the differences between the template and each sample, and also between each pair of samples, both within or between classes. The classification of a new unclassified sample is then undertaken by assigning the unclassified sample to the class that minimizes the distance between its fitted mixture density and each class density as provided by the class templates. For illustration, we use a symmetric form of the Kullback‐Leibler divergence as a distance measure between two densities, but other distance measures can also be applied. We show and demonstrate on four real datasets how the JCM procedure can be used to carry out the tasks of automated clustering and alignment of cell populations, and supervised classification of samples. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Addressing the interdependence in providing fair and efficient bandwidth distribution in hybrid optical‐wireless networks
Authors: Sarigiannidis Antonios , Nicopolitidis Petros
Published: October 2015

The convergence of optical and wireless technologies may offer a compelling network access infrastructure because these technologies combine major benefits such as large coverage in the wireless part and huge bandwidth in the optical part of the converged access network. The convergence of the passive optical networks with 4G wireless standards, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access and the Long Term Evolution, constitutes a quite attractive solution to meet the challenges of the modern bandwidth‐hungry access networks. One of the most important objective a modern access network has to address is the adequate bandwidth distribution to the final users. In addition, several other aims are emerged towards this goal, such as fairness and quality of service provisioning. The adversity of designing an efficient bandwidth distribution scheme for hybrid optical‐wireless access networks lies in the interdependence of both domains: the bandwidth distribution in the wireless domain depends on the optical transmission grant opportunities, while the bandwidth coordinator in the optical part has to be aware of the mobile user heterogeneity in the wireless domain. Moreover, the bandwidth decision‐making module in both networks has to be aware of providing a fair allocation independently of the number of mobile users or the traffic requests in the network. In this work, we endeavor to address the aforementioned challenges. A novel, fair, and efficient bandwidth distribution scheme is proposed for hybrid optical‐wireless access networks. By using weighted fairness provisioning techniques, the proposed scheme intends to alleviate the interdependence of the two domains, offering a fair and efficient bandwidth distribution to the mobile users. The weights are properly defined, by utilizing suitable optimization techniques such as the Lagrange multiplies, so as to incorporate the underlying features of each traffic requests, such as the population density and the propagation delay. Extensive simulation results indicate the capability of the proposed scheme, compared with other competitive allocation schemes, in provisioning a more efficient and fair bandwidth distribution in terms of latency, throughput, and packet drop ratio. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visual selective attention biases contribute to the other‐race effect among 9‐month‐old infants
Authors: Markant Julie , Oakes Lisa M. , Amso Dima
Published: October 2015

During the first year of life, infants maintain their ability to discriminate faces from their own race but become less able to differentiate other‐race faces. Though this is likely due to daily experience with own‐race faces, the mechanisms linking repeated exposure to optimal face processing remain unclear. One possibility is that frequent experience with own‐race faces generates a selective attention bias to these faces. Selective attention elicits enhancement of attended information and suppression of distraction to improve visual processing of attended objects. Thus attention biases to own‐race faces may boost processing and discrimination of these faces relative to other‐race faces. We used a spatial cueing task to bias attention to own‐ or other‐race faces among Caucasian 9‐month‐old infants. Infants discriminated faces in the focus of the attention bias, regardless of race, indicating that infants remained sensitive to differences among other‐race faces. Instead, efficacy of face discrimination reflected the extent of attention engagement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 355–365, 2016.
Sensitivity of GC‐EI/MS, GC‐EI/MS/MS, LC‐ESI/MS/MS, LC‐Ag+CIS/MS/MS, and GC‐ESI/MS/MS for analysis of anabolic steroids in doping control
Authors: Cha Eunju , Kim Sohee , Kim Ho Jun , Lee Kang Mi , Kim Ki Hun , Kwon Oh‐Seung , Lee Jaeick
Published: October 2015

This study compared the sensitivity of various separation and ionization methods, including gas chromatography with an electron ionization source (GC‐EI), liquid chromatography with an electrospray ionization source (LC‐ESI), and liquid chromatography with a silver ion coordination ion spray source (LC‐Ag+CIS), coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS) for steroid analysis. Chromatographic conditions, mass spectrometric transitions, and ion source parameters were optimized. The majority of steroids in GC‐EI/MS/MS and LC‐Ag+CIS/MS/MS analysis showed higher sensitivities than those obtained with other analytical methods. The limits of detection (LODs) of 65 steroids by GC‐EI/MS/MS, 68 steroids by LC‐Ag+CIS/MS/MS, 56 steroids by GC‐EI/MS, 54 steroids by LC‐ESI/MS/MS, and 27 steroids by GC‐ESI/MS/MS were below cut‐off value of 2.0 ng/mL. LODs of steroids that formed protonated ions in LC‐ESI/MS/MS analysis were all lower than the cut‐off value. Several steroids such as unconjugated C3‐hydroxyl with C17‐hydroxyl structure showed higher sensitivities in GC‐EI/MS/MS analysis relative to those obtained using the LC‐based methods. The steroids containing 4, 9, 11‐triene structures showed relatively poor sensitivities in GC‐EI/MS and GC‐ESI/MS/MS analysis. The results of this study provide information that may be useful for selecting suitable analytical methods for confirmatory analysis of steroids. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Heavier Analogues of Alkenes: A Theoretical Comparison of Unsaturated Group 15/14 Systems
Authors: Nauroozi Djawed , Orthaber Andreas
Published: October 2015

In this comprehensive study on unsaturated phosphorus compounds of the type R–P=CR2, R–P=N–R, and R–P=P–R, we investigated how the electronic, spectroscopic, and geometric parameters are influenced by different substituents by means of ab initio and DFT methods. The parent systems are studied with highly accurate theoretical methods and used to benchmark DFT methods. The substituent effects are rationalized based on orbital analysis of DFT calculations for phosphaalkenes, iminophosphanes, and diphosphenes in comparison with their analogous alkenes and imines. Theoretical data are also compared to experimental data if available. This study provides a broad picture of the use of DFT methods for unsaturated main group systems. Trends obtained from this study will enable a rational molecule design for selective manipulation of electronic and geometric properties.