bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on a Path Tracking Control Strategy for Autonomous Vehicles Based on State Parameter Identification
Authors: Shi Dapai , Chu Fulin , Cai Qingling , Wang Zhanpeng , Lv Zhilong , Wang Jiaheng
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development of autonomous driving technology, estimating and controlling key vehicle state parameters under complex road conditions have become critical challenges. This study combines Unscented Kalman Filtering (UKF) and Sliding Mode Control (SMC) methods to propose an integrated control model for achieving more efficient control. First, a three-degrees-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model based on the Dugoff tire model is constructed to accurately estimate key vehicle state parameters. Next, UKF is used to estimate road friction coefficients and key vehicle state parameters, and its performance is compared with Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) under various conditions. The results show the superiority of UKF in identifying road friction coefficients. Based on SMC theory, a sliding surface is designed, and the functional relationship between state variables and control variables is derived to establish the corresponding control model. Joint simulations using Carsim and Simulink under different conditions validate the real-time performance and effectiveness of the designed UKF-SMC integrated control strategy in the presence of external disturbances and system uncertainties. Simulation results indicate that this strategy effectively enhances the overall performance and safety of autonomous vehicles, providing an accurate real-time solution capable of handling complex and variable road conditions. The proposed UKF-SMC integrated control strategy not only proves its theoretical superiority but also demonstrates promising practical applications in simulation experiments. This study provides reliable technical support for the development of autonomous driving technology under complex road conditions.
Prevention of postoperative complications in children after palatoplasty using a prolonged-release phytocomplex
Authors: Chuikin S. V. , Kudashkina N. V. , Tuigunov M. M. , Bilak A. G. , Chuikin O. S. , Davletshin N. A. , Makusheva N. V. , Kuchuk K. N.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. Palatoplasty is a technically demanding reconstructive surgery for congenital full-thickness defects of the palate, with more than 20% of cases reporting postoperative complications. The primary cause of these complications is chronic oral inflammation. To mitigate inflammatory reactions, medications with antibacterial, bactericidal, and antiseptic properties are employed. Given the age-specific characteristics of children and the presence of full-thickness palate defects, it is essential to administer anti-inflammatory medications in an adapted, prolonged, and safe form. Consequently, we have developed a prolonged-release phytocomplex in the form of lozenges.

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of a prolonged-release phytocomplex in preventing postoperative complications in children following palatoplasty.

Materials and methods. This study presents clinical and laboratory examination data from 90 children aged 2.5 to 5 years with cleft palate who underwent palatoplasty, and 45 healthy children aged 3 to 8 years. The study involved measuring the levels of secretory immunoglobulin IgA in the oral fluid using the 'IgA Secretory ELISA-BEST' reagent kit, cytokines (interleukins-2, 4, 6), and gamma-interferon through enzyme immunoassay with kits from 'Vector Best' (Russia), and lysozyme using the Lysozyme-96 kit.

Results. It was observed that following the use of the prolonged-release phytocomplex, the levels of sIgA, lysozyme, and interleukins-2, 4, and 6 in the oral fluid of the children were significantly elevated compared to the control group. Additionally, the gamma-interferon levels returned to normal.

Conclusion. The findings of this study demonstrate the positive antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and woundhealing effects of the developed prolonged-release phytocomplex in the form of lozenges.
Increased Urine Excretion of Neutrophil Granule Cargo in Active Proliferative Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Shoctor Nicholas A. , Brady Makayla P. , McLeish Kenneth R. , Lightman Rebecca R. , Davis-Johnson Leshaia , Lynn Conner , Dubbaka Anjali , Tandon Shweta , Daniels Michael W. , Rane Madhavi J. , Barati Michelle T. , Caster Dawn J. , Powell David W.
Published: July 2024

Key Points

Neutrophil degranulation participates in glomerular injury in proliferative lupus nephritis.

Urine excretion of neutrophil granule proteins is a potential diagnostic for proliferative lupus nephritis.

Background

Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in more than half of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, but the cellular and molecular events that contribute to LN are not clearly defined. We reported previously that neutrophil degranulation participates in glomerular injury in mouse models of acute LN. This study tests the hypothesis that glomerular recruitment and subsequent activation of neutrophils result in urine excretion of neutrophil granule constituents that are predictive of glomerular inflammation in proliferative LN.

Methods

Urine and serum levels of 11 neutrophil granule proteins were measured by antibody-based array in patients with proliferative LN and healthy donors (HDs), and the results were confirmed by ELISA. Glomerular neutrophil accumulation was assessed in biopsies of patients with LN who contributed urine for granule cargo quantitation and normal kidney tissue by microscopy. Degranulation was measured by flow cytometry in neutrophils isolated from patients with LN and HD controls by cell surface granule markers CD63 (azurophilic), CC66b (specific), and CD35 (secretory). Nonparametric statistical analyses were performed and corrected for multiple comparisons.

Results

Eight granule proteins (myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, azurocidin, olfactomedin-4, lactoferrin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and cathelicidin) were significantly elevated in urine from patients with active proliferative LN by array and/or ELISA, whereas only neutrophil elastase was increased in LN serum. Urine excretion of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 declined in patients who achieved remission. The majority of LN glomeruli contained ≥3 neutrophils. Basal levels of specific granule markers were increased in neutrophils from patients with LN compared with HD controls. Serum from patients with active LN stimulated specific and secretory, but not azurophilic granule, release by HD neutrophils.

Conclusions

Circulating neutrophils in patients with LN are primed for enhanced degranulation. Glomerular recruitment of those primed neutrophils leads to release and urine excretion of neutrophil granule cargo that serves as a urine marker of active glomerular inflammation in proliferative LN.
Estratégias de Hedge e derivativos no agronegócio brasileiro: reduzindo riscos
Authors: Souza Pedro Farias da Silva , Souza Gabriela Beline , Silva Adriana Cristina
Published: July 2024

No contexto atual, marcado pela instabilidade econômica e por incertezas climáticas e geopolíticas, o agronegócio enfrenta desafios consideráveis, o agronegócio, como um dos pilares fundamentais da economia brasileira, abrange uma vasta gama de atividades, que vão desde o fornecimento de insumos agrícolas até a distribuição de produtos agropecuários para o consumidor final. Para enfrentar as oscilações de preços das commodities agrícolas, os produtores utilizam o mercado de derivativos, que oferece instrumentos financeiros cujo valor varia em relação a um ativo subjacente. A adoção de derivativos como técnica de hedge destaca-se como uma estratégia fundamental para reduzir os riscos inerentes ao setor, oferecendo uma proteção contra adversidades imprevistas. As operações de hedge podem ser feitas com negociações de derivativos e contratos futuros destaca-se como uma estratégia fundamental para reduzir os riscos inerentes ao setor, oferecendo uma proteção contra adversidades imprevistas nos negócios agrícolas. Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar a importância do hedge como estratégia de gestão de riscos no agronegócio. Envolveu uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando fontes como bases de dados, livros e literatura especializada relacionadas ao tema. O agronegócio é importante para atender à crescente demanda global e estratégias de hedge com derivativos e contratos futuros são relevantes para minimizar os riscos relacionados à volatilidade dos preços das commodities agrícolas e garantir segurança financeira para produtores e compradores, proporcionando estabilidade e previsibilidade às operações agrícolas. Vale destacar que, existe a necessidade de uma compreensão aprofundada dos mercados de commodities, uma análise detalhada dos riscos presentes e a escolha detalhada dos instrumentos financeiros apropriados para uma implementação eficaz das estratégias de hedge.
Estudo da performance do aço D2 com tratamento térmico de criogenia
Authors: Sena Eric Dimas Aguiar de , Silva Leandro Cardoso da
Published: July 2024

Os serviços de tratamentos térmicos hoje em dia estão cada vez mais comuns e indispensáveis em diversas estruturas de aços. Se tratando do aço D2, nesse estudo a ideia do tratamento térmico comum com o tratamento térmico de criogenia, é fazer com que o rendimento do aço D2 resista mais do que o esperado. O objetivo deste estudo é fazer com que o rendimento do aço D2 seja maior, por exemplo, esse aço está especificado para uma "faca orbital" (corte de papel higiênico), comprovando que o papel de criogenia fará efeito no rendimento, ocasionalmente, a faca terá uma vida útil maior. Para as realizações das pesquisas, foram criadas cinco amostras, com todos os tratamentos térmicos em ordens diferentes, incluindo a criogenia que está presente em três amostras. Concluindo os tratamentos térmicos, os testes que irão ser realizados serão: ensaio de tração, elementos finitos e ensaio de metalografia. Sobre os resultados, a perspectiva é fazer com que a criogenia ajude no rendimento atual do D2, caso esse efeito seja negativo, a ideia é parar de usar esse tipo de tratamento térmico, fazendo com que os gastos com nitrogênio zerem, ou seja, se a comprovação do uso da criogenia for positiva, isso mostra que o aço terá um maior rendimento, caso seja negativa, o uso dela vai ser zerado, cortando gastos desnecessários. Para concluir, o estudo realizado será de grande vantagem, seja ela positiva ou negativa, porém, a ideia é apenas para o aço D2, que hoje, é uma das estruturas mais utilizadas no mundo, gerando um rendimento melhor, ou cortando gastos com o tratamento térmico de criogenia.
التفسير المقاصدي للقرآن عند الزمخشري في الكشاف
Authors: عبد الله عودة عبد عودة , أبو عصبة طلال عوض الله
Published: July 2024

فكرة البحث الرئيسة هي تسليط الضوء على التفسير المقاصدي عند واحد من أبرز أعلام التفسير البياني للقرآن الكريم، وهو الزمخشري صاحب الكشّاف، وتكمن أهمية البحث في توجيه الباحثين وحثهم على دراسة كتب التفسير القرآني، في إطار منهج معاصر من مناهج التفسير القرآني، يتمثل في السعي نحو بيان المقاصد القرآنية، وإبراز الفهم المقاصدي، من خلال النظر في كتب التفسير القرآني، القديمة منها والمعاصرة، وتتمثل إشكالية البحث في الكشف عن جوانب التفسير المقاصدي في عند الزمخشري في الكشاف. ويهدف البحث إلى بيان مفهوم التفسير المقاصدي، وتوضيح منهج الزمخشري في بيان المقاصد القرآنية، وإبراز ملامح التفسير المقاصدي في تفسيره، واقتضت طبيعة البحث أن يسلك الباحثان المنهج الوصفي، والتحليلي، والاستنباطي، وذلك من خلال الوقوف على تفسير الزمخشري لبعض الآيات القرآنية، واستنتاج منهجه في الكشف عن مقاصد القرآن، وسمات هذا المنهج. ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصل الباحثان إليها: أن الزمخشري عمد إلى الكشف عن المقاصد القرآنية بوسائل مختلفة، وأهمها الميدان الذي برع فيه، وهو البلاغة والبيان، لذلك يرى الباحثان ضرورة الاهتمام بهذا اللون من التفسير، وعمل دراسات متخصصة في البحث عن المقاصد القرآنية عند الزمخشري مثل (دور الإعجاز البلاغي في الكشف عن المقصد القرآني)، وعدم الاقتصار في البحث المقاصدي على آيات الأحكام، ومحاولة الكشف عن المقاصد القرآنية في آيات القصص، والعقيدة، والأخلاق، والربط بين التفسير المقاصدي وألوان التفسير الأخرى ضمن أبحاث متخصصة. إضافة إلى عمل دراسات مشابهة على كتب التفسير الأخرى.
النكتة عند المفسرين دراسة تأصيلية
Authors: الخليف يزيد عبد اللطيف
Published: July 2024

فكرة البحث: تناول استعمال كلمة (النكتة) عند المفسرين، دراسة تأصيلية، وذلك باستقراء المواضع التي ذكرت فيها عند المفسرين، واستعراض مرادفاتها، وتحليلها لاستنباط ضوابطها وسماتها وأنواعها. وتكمن أهمية البحث: في كونه كاشف عن مفهوم هذه الكلمة التي استعملها عامة المفسرين كثيرا، وإبراز مرادفاتها وضوابطها وسماتها وأنواعها. وتتمثل إشكالية البحث: في معرفة المراد بالنكتة وموقعها من التفسير، نشأتها وتطورها، وأنواعها، وصفاتها. ويهدف البحث إلى: بيان مفهوم النكتة وإبراز مرادفاتها، وبيان ضوابطها وموقعها من التفسير وسماتها، والكشف عن نشأة النكتة وتطورها، وعناية المفسرين بها، وإبراز أنواع النكتة وصفاتها في كتب التفسير. وقد اقتضت طبيعة البحث أن أتّبع المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي الاستنباطي، وذلك بجمع المواضع الوارد فيها كلمة "النكتة"، وتحليل استعمالها، واستنباط ضوابطها وسماتها وأنواعها. وقد خلص البحث إلى نتائج من أبرزها: أن النكتة هي ما اجتمع فيها أمران: أن لا تكون قطعية ولا راجعة إلى أصل قطعي، وألا تكون بيانا لمعنى الآية، ومنها: أن نشأة النكت التفسيرية كانت في عهد الصحابة رضوان الله عليهم، ومنها: أن أول من نص على النكت التفسيرية هو أبو منصور الماتريدي (ت٣٣٣ه) في تفسيره -على حد علمي-، ومنها: أن عامة المفسرين قد نقلوا نكتا وإن لم ينصوا عليها. ولذا يوصي الباحث: بالاهتمام والعناية بهذا الباب من علوم الكتاب العزيز، –سيما الدراسات التطبيقية- ومنها: النكت التفسيرية جمعا ودراسة، عند المفسرين عامة كمشاريع بحثية، أو عند أحد المفسرين كالزمخشرين والرازي والبيضاوي وغيرهم. ومن الدراسات الجديرة: تعقبات المفسرين في النكت جمعا ودراسة، كتعقبات ابن المنير الإسكندري على الزمخشري، وتعقبات أبي حيان على الزمخشري وغيرهم. ومنها: النكت المتعلقة بتوجيه المتشابه اللفظي جمعا ودراسة.
NucleoCraft: The Art of Stimuli-Responsive Precision in DNA and RNA Bioengineering
Authors: Yu Lu , Chen Liangxiao , Satyabola Deeksha , Prasad Abhay , Yan Hao
Published: July 2024

Recent advancements in DNA and RNA bioengineering have paved the way for developing stimuli-responsive nanostructures with remarkable potential across various applications. These nanostructures, crafted through sophisticated bioengineering techniques, can dynamically and precisely respond to both physiological and physical stimuli, including nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), adenosine triphosphate, proteins, ions, small molecules, pH, light, and temperature. They offer high sensitivity and specificity, making them ideal for applications such as biomarker detection, gene therapy, and controlled targeted drug delivery. In this review, we summarize the bioengineering methods used to assemble versatile stimuli-responsive DNA/RNA nanostructures and discuss their emerging applications in structural biology and biomedicine, including biosensing, targeted drug delivery, and therapeutics. Finally, we highlight the challenges and opportunities in the rational design of these intelligent bioengineered nanostructures.
Changes of Water-Related Nature’s Contributions in the Loess Plateau to Downstream People from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Han Yu , Liu Yanxu , Wu Xutong , Wang Shiqi , Wang Shuai
Published: July 2024

Sustaining or enhancing nature’s contributions to people (NCPs) requires a comprehensive understanding of both nature’s contributions and people’s needs. However, the 2 aspects for water-related NCPs are spatially mismatched. We introduced an assessment framework for water-related NCPs from a spatial flow perspective, considering the local nature’s contributions assessed using the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model, as well as people’s needs in the downstream assessed via a distance decay method. We assessed 3 water-related NCPs’ spatial distribution and correlation on the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2020, where a large-scale ecological restoration was implemented that may affect downstream people. The results showed that NCP6 (downstream needs from water yield) showed no increasing trend in the majority watersheds over the past 20 years, in contrast to NCP7 (downstream needs from water purification) and NCP8 (downstream needs from soil conservation). There are spatial synergies among NCP6, NCP7, and NCP8. From 2000 to 2020, the spatial synergy between NCP7 and NCP8 increased while decreased between other NCPs. The temporal dynamics of NCP6 and NCP8 showed a trade-off, while NCP6 and NCP7 showed a synergy. NCP7 and NCP8, in turn, showed a transition from synergy to trade-off. Guided by nature’s contributions and people’s needs, we proposed 3 ecological measures: thinning and intermediate cutting measures, control nonpoint source pollution, and soil and water conservation projects to promote ecological restoration. This assessment can offer multifunctional guidance for planning ecological conservation and restoration in the upstream based on people’s needs in the downstream.
ERTool: A Python Package for Efficient Implementation of the Evidential Reasoning Approach for Multi-Source Evidence Fusion
Authors: Shi Tongyue , Guo Liya , Shen Zeyuan , Kong Guilan
Published: July 2024

Background:
Multi-source evidence fusion aims to process and combine evidence from different sources to support rational and reliable decision-making. The evidential reasoning (ER) approach is a helpful method to deal with information from multiple sources with uncertainty. It has been widely used in business analytics, healthcare management, and other fields for optimal decision-making. However, computerized implementation of the ER approach usually requires much expertise and effort. At present, some ER-based computerized tools, such as the intelligent decision system (IDS), have been developed by professionals to provide decision support. Nevertheless, IDS is not open source, and the user interfaces are a bit complicated for non-professional users. The lack of a free-to-access and easy-to-use computerized tool limits the application of ER.
Methods:
We designed and developed a Python package that could efficiently implement the ER approach for multi-source evidence fusion. Further, based on it, we built an online web-based system, providing not only real-time evidence fusion but also visualized illustrations of combined results. Finally, a comparison study between the Python package and IDS was conducted.
Results:
A Python package, ERTool, was developed to implement the ER approach automatically and efficiently. The online version of the ERTool provides a more convenient way to handle evidence fusion tasks.
Conclusions:
ERTool, compatible with Python 3 and can be installed through the Python Package Index at
https://pypi.org/project/ERTool/
, was developed to implement the ER approach. The ERTool has advantages in easy accessibility, clean interfaces, and high computing efficiency, making it a key tool for researchers and practitioners in multiple evidence-based decision-making. It helps bridge the gap between the algorithmic ER and its practical application and facilitates its widespread adoption in general decision-making contexts.
Exploring Unlabeled Data in Multiple Aspects for Semi-Supervised MRI Segmentation
Authors: He Qingyuan , Yan Kun , Luo Qipeng , Yi Duan , Wang Ping , Han Hongbin , Liu Defeng
Published: July 2024

Background:
MRI segmentation offers crucial insights for automatic analysis. Although deep learning-based segmentation methods have attained cutting-edge performance, their efficacy heavily relies on vast sets of meticulously annotated data.
Methods:
In this study, we propose a novel semi-supervised MRI segmentation model that is able to explore unlabeled data in multiple aspects based on various semi-supervised learning technologies.
Results:
We compared the performance of our proposed method with other deep learning-based methods on 2 public datasets, and the results demonstrated that we have achieved Dice scores of 90.3% and 89.4% on the LA and ACDC datasets, respectively.
Conclusions:
We explored the synergy of various semi-supervised learning technologies for MRI segmentation, and our investigation will inspire research that focuses on designing MRI segmentation models.
Beyond Deep Learning: Charting the Next Frontiers of Affective Computing
Authors: Triantafyllopoulos Andreas , Christ Lukas , Gebhard Alexander , Jing Xin , Kathan Alexander , Milling Manuel , Tsangko Iosif , Amiriparian Shahin , Schuller Björn W.
Published: July 2024

Affective computing (AC), like most other areas of computational research, has benefited tremendously from advances in deep learning (DL). These advances have opened up new horizons in AC research and practice. Yet, as DL dominates the community’s attention, there is a danger of overlooking other emerging trends in artificial intelligence (AI) research. Furthermore, over-reliance on one particular technology may lead to stagnating progress. In an attempt to foster the exploration of complementary directions, we provide a concise, easily digestible overview of emerging trends in AI research that stand to play a vital role in solving some of the remaining challenges in AC research. Our overview is driven by the limitations of the current state of the art as it pertains to AC.
Scaling Up Wave Calculations with a Scattering Network
Authors: Valantinas Laurynas , Vettenburg Tom
Published: July 2024

Wave scattering is a challenging numerical problem, yet it is central to fields as diverse as seismology, fluid dynamics, acoustics, and photonics. Complex structures scatter waves in random yet deterministic ways. Advances in our understanding and control of scattering are key to applications such as deep-tissue microscopy. However, computing the internal fields on a scale relevant to microscopy remains excessively demanding for both conventional methods and physics-based neural networks. Here, we show how coherent scattering calculations can be scaled up to 21 × 10
6
cubic wavelengths by mapping the physics of multiple scattering onto a deterministic neural network that efficiently harnesses publicly available machine learning infrastructure. We refer to this as a scattering network. Memory usage, an important bottleneck to scaling beyond (10 μm)³, is kept to a minimum by the recurrent network topology and the convolutional derivatives it embodies. Tight integration with an open-source electromagnetic solver enables any researcher with an internet connection to compute complex light-wave scattering throughout volumes as large as (130 μm)³ or 25 mm
2
.
Regulatory Role of
miR-15a/16
in Gastric Cancer Treatment
Authors: Song Ge , Luo Shuang , Liu Yanhong , Hua Yunqi , Shao Guo
Published: July 2024

Gastric cancer has a high incidence rate worldwide; it is particularly important to determine the therapeutic efficacy of available treatments and to determine the prognosis of gastric cancer due to its insidious onset and lack of specific symptoms in the early stage (most patients are diagnosed in the middle or late stage). Recent studies have revealed that altered expression of microRNAs plays a pivotal role in immune checkpoints and various cellular processes in gastric cancer. miRNAs have gradually become biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer because of their specificity and high sensitivity. In this article, we review the expression of
miR-15a/16
and its therapeutic efficacy in gastric cancer and discuss its impact on signaling pathways and its prognostic importance to provide better clinical treatment options for patients.
Development and External Validation of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Method for Scalable Chest Radiograph Diagnosis: A Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Liu Zeye , Xu Jing , Yin Chengliang , Han Guojing , Che Yue , Fan Ge , Li Xiaofei , Xie Lixin , Bao Lei , Peng Zimin , Wang Jinduo , Chen Yan , Zhang Fengwen , Ouyang Wenbin , Wang Shouzheng , Guo Junwei , Ma Yanqiu , Meng Xiangzhi , Fan Taibing , Zhi Aihua , Dawaciren  , Yi Kang , You Tao , Yang Yuejin , Liu Jue , Shi Yi , Huang Yuan , Pan Xiangbin
Published: July 2024

Problem:
Chest radiography is a crucial tool for diagnosing thoracic disorders, but interpretation errors and a lack of qualified practitioners can cause delays in treatment.
Aim:
This study aimed to develop a reliable multi-classification artificial intelligence (AI) tool to improve the accuracy and efficiency of chest radiograph diagnosis.
Methods:
We developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) capable of distinguishing among 26 thoracic diagnoses. The model was trained and externally validated using 795,055 chest radiographs from 13 datasets across 4 countries.
Results:
The CNN model achieved an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.961 across all 26 diagnoses in the testing set. COVID-19 detection achieved perfect accuracy (AUC 1.000, [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.000 to 1.000]), while effusion or pleural effusion detection showed the lowest accuracy (AUC 0.8453, [95% CI, 0.8417 to 0.8489]). In external validation, the model demonstrated strong reproducibility and generalizability within the local dataset, achieving an AUC of 0.9634 for lung opacity detection (95% CI, 0.9423 to 0.9702). The CNN outperformed both radiologists and nonradiological physicians, particularly in trans-device image recognition. Even for diseases not specifically trained on, such as aortic dissection, the AI model showed considerable scalability and enhanced diagnostic accuracy for physicians of varying experience levels (all
P
< 0.05). Additionally, our model exhibited no gender bias (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
The developed AI algorithm, now available as professional web-based software, substantively improves chest radiograph interpretation. This research advances medical imaging and offers substantial diagnostic support in clinical settings.
Nano-Assisted Radiotherapy Strategies: New Opportunities for Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhao Lihong , Li Mei , Shen Chen , Luo Yurui , Hou Xiaoming , Qi Yu , Huang Ziwei , Li Wei , Gao Lanyang , Wu Min , Luo Yao
Published: July 2024

Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related death, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most prevalent type. Over 70% of lung cancer patients require radiotherapy (RT), which operates through direct and indirect mechanisms to treat cancer. However, RT can damage healthy tissues and encounter radiological resistance, making it crucial to enhance its precision to optimize treatment outcomes, minimize side effects, and overcome radioresistance. Integrating nanotechnology into RT presents a promising method to increase its efficacy. This review explores various nano-assisted RT strategies aimed at achieving precision treatment. These include using nanomaterials as radiosensitizers, applying nanotechnology to modify the tumor microenvironment, and employing nano-based radioprotectors and radiation-treated cell products for indirect cancer RT. We also explore recent advancements in nano-assisted RT for NSCLC, such as biomimetic targeting that alters mesenchymal stromal cells, magnetic targeting strategies, and nanosensitization with high-atomic number nanomaterials. Finally, we address the existing challenges and future directions of precision RT using nanotechnology, highlighting its potential clinical applications.
Boundarics in Biomedicine
Authors: Du Quansheng , Li Juan , Yang Fang , Dai Hui , Wu Aiguo
Published: July 2024

“Boundarics in Biomedicine” is a cutting-edge interdisciplinary discipline, which is of great significance for understanding the origin of life, the interaction between internal and external environments, and the mechanism of disease occurrence and evolution. Here, the definition of Boundarics in Biomedicine is first described, including its connotation, research object, research method, challenges, and future perspectives.

“Boundarics in Biomedicine” is a cutting-edge interdisciplinary discipline involving multiple fields (e.g., bioscience, medicine, chemistry, materials science, and information science) dedicated to investigating and solving key scientific questions in the formation, identification, and evolution of living organism boundaries. Specifically, it encompasses 3 levels: (a) the boundary between the living organism and the external environment, (b) internal boundary within living organism, and (c) the boundary related to disease in living organism. The advancement of research in Boundarics in Biomedicine is of great scientific significance for understanding the origin of life, the interaction between internal and external environments, and the mechanism of disease occurrence and evolution, thus providing novel principles, technologies, and methods for early diagnosis and prevention of major diseases, personalized drug development, and prognosis assessment (Fig.
1
).
Liquid Biopsy Instrument for Ultra-Fast and Label-Free Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Zhu Shu , Zhu Zhixian , Ni Chen , Zhou Zheng , Chen Yao , Tang Dezhi , Guo Kefan , Yang Shuai , Liu Kang , Ni Zhonghua , Xiang Nan
Published: July 2024

Rapid diagnosis and real-time monitoring are of great important in the fight against cancer. However, most available diagnostic technologies are time-consuming and labor-intensive and are commonly invasive. Here, we describe CytoExam, an automatic liquid biopsy instrument designed based on inertial microfluidics and impedance cytometry, which uses a deep learning algorithm for the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). In silico and in vitro experiments demonstrated that CytoExam could achieve label-free detection of CTCs in the peripheral blood of cancer patients within 15 min. The clinical applicability of CytoExam was also verified using peripheral blood samples from 10 healthy donors and >50 patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer. Significant differences in the number of collected cells and predicted CTCs were observed between the 2 groups, with variations in the dielectric properties of the collected cells from cancer patients also being observed. The ultra-fast and minimally invasive features of CytoExam may pave the way for new paths for cancer diagnosis and scientific research.
Thyroid Cancer Central Lymph Node Metastasis Risk Stratification Based on Homogeneous Positioning Deep Learning
Authors: Yao Siqiong , Shen Pengcheng , Dai Fang , Deng Luojia , Qiu Xiangjun , Zhao Yanna , Gao Ming , Zhang Huan , Zheng Xiangqian , Yu Xiaoqiang , Bao Hongjing , Wang Maofeng , Wang Yun , Yi Dandan , Wang Xiaolei , Zhang Yuening , Sang Jianfeng , Fei Jian , Zhang Weituo , Qian Biyun , Lu Hui
Published: July 2024

Due to the absence of definitive diagnostic criteria, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the risk assessment of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and the necessity for prophylactic lymph node surgery in ultrasound-diagnosed thyroid cancer. The localization of thyroid nodules is a recognized predictor of CLNM; however, quantifying this relationship is challenging due to variable measurements. In this study, we developed a differential isomorphism-based alignment method combined with a graph transformer to accurately extract localization and morphological information of thyroid nodules, thereby predicting CLNM. We collected 88,796 ultrasound images from 48,969 patients who underwent central lymph node (CLN) surgery and utilized these images to train our predictive model, ACE-Net. Furthermore, we employed an interpretable methodology to explore the factors influencing CLNM and generated a risk heatmap to visually represent the distribution of CLNM risk across different thyroid regions. ACE-Net demonstrated superior performance in 6 external multicenter tests (AUC = 0.826), surpassing the predictive accuracy of human experts (accuracy = 0.561). The risk heatmap enabled the identification of high-risk areas for CLNM, likely correlating with lymphatic metastatic pathways. Additionally, it was observed that the likelihood of metastasis exceeded 80% when the nodal margin’s minimum distance from the thyroid capsule was less than 1.25 mm. ACE-Net’s capacity to effectively predict CLNM and provide interpretable disease-related insights can importantly reduce unnecessary lymph node dissections by 37.9%, without missing positive cases, thus offering a valuable tool for clinical decision-making.
The importance of ward-based education in the postoperative assessment of free flaps
Authors: Dounas George D , Willet Jake W , Alvaro Anton I , Van de Ven Lucinda , Wagstaff Marcus JD
Published: July 2024

Background: Despite the theoretical and practical advantages of adjunct-based free flap failure detection, the introduction of ultrasonographic techniques has not changed free flap failures rates and their use remains secondary to clinical assessment. Our study aims to develop an educational framework to improve the confidence of nursing staff caring for free flaps, with an emphasis on early detection of flap failure, thereby improving postoperative outcomes. Methods: Nursing staff in intensive care units and surgical wards caring for free flaps completed standardised questionnaires either before or after an educational seminar detailing clinical and Doppler assessment of free flaps. Differences between cohorts were summarised descriptively with frequencies and percentages. Overall confidence scores for pre-education and post-education cohorts were compared. Results: Overall, 173 responses were collected. Most staff were from intensive care units (n = 114) and almost one-third completed surveys following the educational intervention (n = 51). Microsurgical ward staff had more experience in the postoperative care of free flaps than intensive care unit staff (29% vs 18% had experience caring for > 50 free flap cases). Confidence in assessing a free flap by clinical, implantable Doppler or external Doppler ultrasound was universally increased among ward staff compared to intensive care unit staff (p ≤ 0.007). Altogether, 51 per cent of intensive care unit staff had never identified a failing flap compared with 35 per cent of ward staff. Education increased confidence in managing and escalating failing flaps unanimously. Most failing flaps were identified by clinical assessment alone or combined with adjunct-based methods (94%). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the provision of targeted education for nursing staff, both in intensive care units and on surgical wards, is useful for increasing confidence in the clinical assessment and early detection of free flap compromise. Increased confidence and improved clinical assessment may allow for early intervention and improved salvage rates for a threatened free flap, thereby improving patient outcomes.
The Role of Torque Teno Virus in the Development of Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Семёнов В.М. , Дмитраченко Т.И. , Зенькова С.К. , Егоров С.К. , Иванова А.А. , Ильюшенко В.В. , Ерашова В.В. , Кубраков К.М.
Published: July 2024

Вирус Torque Teno (TTV) и родственные ему анелловирусы за последние 26 лет пополнили список возбудителей, вызывающих хронические продуктивные инфекции и высокий уровень виремии у людей. Многие аспекты патогенеза этих вирусов до сих пор остаются малоизученными. В данном обзоре литературы мы кратко представили общие свойства анелловирусов, а также рассмотрели известную в настоящее время информацию об их взаимодействии с центральной нервной системой (ЦНС). В результате анализа имеющихся данных можно сделать предположение о том, что TTV играет роль в таких заболеваниях, как энцефалит, миелит, менингоэнцефалит. Большой интерес вызывает роль TTV в патогенезе рассеянного склероза (РС). Информация, представленная в анализируемой литературе, указывает на необходимость дальнейших тщательно спланированных исследований для точного понимания того, как часто и при каких условиях анелловирусы проникают через ГЭБ в ЦНС, учитывая их низкую встречаемость в ЦНС в нормальных условиях. Это является необходимым условием для выяснения возможных патогенетических последствий их проникновения, а также имеет решающее значение для улучшения ведения пациентов и разработки эффективных мероприятий по профилактике и лечению данной инфекции.

Torque teno virus (TTV) and related anelloviruses have joined the list of pathogens causing chronic productive infections and high levels of viremia in humans over the past 26 years. Many aspects of the pathogenesis of these viruses still remain poorly understood. In this literature review, we have summarized the general properties of anelloviruses and reviewed the currently known information on their interaction with the central nervous system (CNS). As a result of analyzing the available data, it can be suggested that TTV plays a role in diseases such as encephalitis, myelitis, and meningoencephalitis. The role of TTV in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is of great interest. The information presented in the analyzed literature indicates the need for further carefully designed studies to accurately understand how often and under what conditions anelloviruses pass through the blood-brain barrier into the CNS, given their low occurrence in the CNS under normal conditions. This is necessary for elucidating the possible pathogenetic consequences of their penetration and is also crucial for improving patient management and for developing effective interventions to prevent and treat this infection.
DETERMINACION DEL USO CONSUNTIVO DEL MANZANO (Malus pumila Mill) cv Goider spur y Red delicious POR EL METODO GRAVIMETRICO EN CUAUHTEMOC, CHIH.
Authors: Amado Alvarez Jesús Pilar
Published: July 2024

El manzano es el frutal más importante en el NW del estado de Chihuahua. En estudios realizados en la región de Cuauhtémoc se ha detec­tado como un problema de consideración el uso inadecuado del agua de riego, que además es escasa. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el de determinar el uso consuntivo (U.C.) de los cultivares Golden spur y Red delicious por el método gravimétrico con el propósito de recomen­dar al productor un uso eficiente del agua de riego. Los resultados indican un U.C. de 112.1 cm de enero a diciembre de 1 983. La etapa fenológica de mayor consumo fue durante el período de desarrollo del fruto (del 15 de mayo al 15 de agosto con un consumo de 8.67 mm/día). Golden spur produjo 1.66 kg de fruta por m3 de agua utilizada; mientras que Red delicious produjo solo 0.35 kg/m3 de agua utilizada. Las necesidades de riego se cumplieron con 8 riegos entre el 18 de marzo y el 15 de julio totalizando 72,cm complementada con 40.12 cm de lluvia efectiva entre enero y diciembre. La determinación del U.e. por otros métodos reportaron los si­guientes datos: Thorntwaite u.c. = 65. cm; Blanney y Criddle u.c. = 100 cm.
FENOLOGIA DE MAIZ Y FRIJOL EN EL ALTIPLANO DE ZACATECAS. l. EL CODIGO DECIMAL
Authors: Chan Castañeda José L. , Bravo Lozano Angel G.
Published: July 2024

El concepto de fenología se refiere al estudio de los fenómenos bio­lógicos que ocurren con cierto ritmo periódico, como la brotación, la florescencia, la maduración de frutos, etc. La importancia de conocer los cambios ontogénicos de las especies radica en la relación que existe en­tre tales cambios y los procesos productivos, ya que los cambios ontogé­nicos conllevan cambios en la fisiología de las plantas e integran los efectos ambientales.
En este trabajo se propone el uso de un método para calificar el de­sarrollo fenológico en maíz (Zea mays  L.) y frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.); el método fue calibrado y utilizado en 8 experimentos de campo en 1983. Los resultados indican que aun pequeñas diferencias de desfasa­miento en el desarrollo fenológico pueden detectarse y compararse para su evaluación. Por tanto, se propone el uso de este método en la investigación de maíz y frijol, sobretodo en los estudios de adaptación, regio­nalización y fitomejoramiento.
PRODUCCION DE SEMILLA DE DOS VARIEDADES DE ZACATE BANDERILLA Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.
Authors: González Domínguez Jorge R. , Almonte A. Jaime , Pérez B. Armando
Published: July 2024

El zacate banderilla {Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr}, es una especie forrajera importante en el pastizal desértico, cuya capacidad para produ­cir semilla debe considerarse en la formación de va­riedades mejoradas, dada la importancia econ6mica de esta caracterfstica, Las variedades Chihuahua 75 y AN Selección 75 fueron comparadas en su producción de semilla en Ocampo, Coah. y Navidad, N. L., en 1981. Se usó el diseño de bloques al azar, con 16 y 18 repeticiones, en Ocampo y Navidad, respectivamen­te. Las parcelas experimentales fueron de 2.7 m de ancho (3 surcos de 0.9 m) por 7 m de largo. La pro­ducción de semilla se obtuvo de 5 m del surco cen­tral. El análisis de varianza se aplicó para el ajuste de los datos por fallas en la densidad de po­blación, En Ocampo no se encontró diferencia signi­ficativa entre las variedades; mientras que en Navi­dad la diferencia fue altamente significativa, con una mayor producción de la variedad Chihuahua 75, Entre localidades, la producción de semilla fue ma­yor en Ocampo, Coah.
CARRETA 145: NUEVA VARIEDAD DE GARBANZO PORQUERO DE RIEGO PARA EL CENTRO Y SUR DE GUANAJUATO
Authors: Andrade Arias Enrique
Published: July 2024

En el Estado de Guanajuato se cosechan cerca de 60 000 ha de garbanzo, en condiciones de humedad re­sidual y alrededor de 10 000 ha en áreas de riego, con rendimientos promedios de 800 y 1 200 kg/ha, respectivamente. En ambos casos, una de las principa­les limitantes de la producción es la susceptibili­dad a pudriciones de la raíz que muestran las varie­dades comerciales.
EL METODO DE INSERCION: UNA NUEVA TECNICA DE POLINIZACION EN FRIJOL ( Phaseolus vulgaris L)
Authors: Andrade-Aguilar José Alfredo
Published: July 2024

En este trabajo se describe una nueva técnica de polinización en frijol (Phaseolus spp.) denominada "El Método de Inserción". La técnica consiste básicamente en colocar la quilla (que contiene el estilo-estigma y los estambres) de la flor masculina en antesis,sobre el estigma-estilo de la flor femenina previamente emasculada. La ventaja con este método de polinización, es que las anteras y el estigma (cubierto de polen) de la flor masculina permanece en contacto continuo con el estigma de la flor femenina durante un periodo suficientemente prolongado que asegura la fertilización, tal como ocurre en una flor con autopolinización natural,donde las anteras liberan el polen gradualmente hasta que el estigma alcanza su máxima receptividad. Asi mismo, se mejora la protección contra la deshidratación de ambos órganos reproductivos. Este método presenta las ventajas de ser fácil, rápido ymas eficiente que otros en cruzas intra- e interespecíficas de frijol, y puede ser practicado a cualquier hora del día en invernadero y/o en campo, mientras existan femeninas y masculinas en el estado de desarrollo adecuado para su utilización.
RETOS Y PERSPECTIVAS: DISCUSION GENERAL
Authors: Valdés-Lozano Ciro G. S
Published: July 2024

Los trabajos y puntos de vista presentados por los conferencistas indican objetivamente como los fitomejoradores en los diferentesambientes de producción en el mundo, han dirigido sus esfuerzos a resolver problemas importantes de la agricultura y, en consecuencia, indican también como el fitomejoramiento se ha desarrollado hasta su nivel actual, existiendo aún problemas agrícolas a resolver por esta vía, los cuales imponen a su vez dificultades de carácter metodológico en el ejercicio de esta disciplina agronómica.
LA INVESTIGACION FISIOTECNICA EN FRUTICULTURA TROPICAL
Authors: Mosqueda-Vázquez Raúl
Published: July 2024

La gran diversidad climática y edáfica presente en México ha permitido que se cultiven más de 50 especies frutícolas, de las cuales alrededor de 30 son tropicales. Muchas de ellas, sin embargo, ocupan pequeñas superficies y realmente sólo siete  especies son las de mayor importancia económica para nuestro país, En orden de importancia estos frutales son: naranja (Citrus sinensis), mango (Mangifera indica), aguacate (Persea americana), plátano (Musa paradisiaca), limón mexicano (Citrus auranrifolia Swingle), papaya (Carica papaya), y piña (Ananas comusus). En conjunto, los siete frutales ocupan una superficie de 687,000 ha y producen 7.6 millones de toneladas de fruta, con un valor cercano a 2.8 billones de pesos para 1988 (Conafrut, 1988). Estas 30 especies se cultivan en los climas cálidos, secos, subhúmedos y húmedos de México abajo de los 600 msnm y al sur del Trópico de Cáncer, aunque en el caso del aguacate y de la naranja, también se les puede encontrar en climas semicálidos, entre 600 y 1,800 msnm, y a menores alturas al norte del Trópico de Cáncer. Gran parte de la investigación que en fruticultura tropical se ha realizado en México desde mediados de la década de 1960 puede considerarse dentro de la disciplina denominada Fisiotecnia. Dicha investigación se puede agrupar en las siguientes áreas: adaptación de especies y variedades, densidades de población, fenología, control de la época de floración y maduración de fruta para ampliar la temporada de cosecha, control del tamaño de los árboles y relaciones portainjerto-injerto. La investigación se ha enfocado a buscar respuesta a los problemas limitantes en la producción de los cultivos frutícolas con base en los siguientes objetivos principales: 1) Aumentar el rendimiento por unidad de superficie; 2) Reducir los costos de producción; 3) Mejorar la calidad de fruta y,  4) Producir fuera de la temporada normal.
ASPECTOS HISTORICOS Y JUSTIFICACION DEL AREA DE FISIOTECNIA DEL CENTRO DE GENETICA EN EL COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS
Authors: Ortiz-Cereceres Joaquín
Published: July 2024

El mejoramiento genético es una de las estrategias más importantes para elevar los niveles de producción agrícola. El uso degenocultivares (variedades mejoradas), especialmente en aquellos agroecosistemas que presentan condiciones favorables, conjugados con la aplicación de energéticos al agroecosistema, ha generado aumentos en la producción y en la productividad de las principales especies alimenticias básicas, oleaginosas, industriales, hortícolas, frutales, etc. Sin embargo, en el mejoramiento genético convencional se ha enfatizado mucho la utilización del rendimiento de interés antropocéntrico como principal criterio en las fases de selección y evaluación, lo que en parte ha ocasionado que las ganancias en rendimiento económico de las nuevas veriedades, con respecto a las anteriormente obtenidas, sean cada vez menores y requieran de mayor 6empo y esfuerzo para su obtención (Ortiz, 1972; Molina, 1972), y que los individuos más rendidores tiendan a ser más vigorosos y con mayor ciclo biológico (Mendoza et al., 1971). Al evaluar el avance obtenido después de nueve ciclos por dos métodos de selección masal en maíz (Zea mays L.), Ortíz et al. (1984) encontraron que efectivamente se había aumentado el rendimiento de grano pero que también se había aumentado paralelamente el peso seco total (rendimiento biológico), por lo que la relación entre el rendimiento de grano y lamateria seca total producida (índice de cosecha) prácticamente se mantuvo constante; es decir, la eficiencia en la conversión de energía a materia seca de importancia económica no fue mejorada con el proceso de selección, y aunque se obtuvieron plantas más rendidoras éstas no fueron más eficientes desde este punto de vista. Una consecuencia práctica de esto, como lo señalan González et al. (1984), es que en estos materiales poco eficientes es muy limitada la respuesta a prácticas culturales como densidad de siembra, que en algunos agroecosistemas se manipula para aumentar los rendimientos por unidad de área.