bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of offshore wind power intermittency by interconnection of production sites
Authors: Solbrekke Ida Marie , Kvamstø Nils Gunnar , Sorteberg Asgeir
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This study uses a unique set of hourly wind speed data observed over a period of 16 years to quantify the potential of collective offshore wind power production. We address the well-known intermittency problem of wind power for five locations along the Norwegian continental shelf. Mitigation of wind power intermittency is investigated using a hypothetical electricity grid. The degree of mitigation is examined by connecting different configurations of the sites. Along with the wind power smoothing effect, we explore the risk probability of the occurrence and duration of wind power shutdown due to too low or high winds. Typical large-scale atmospheric situations resulting in long term shutdown periods are identified. We find that both the wind power variability and the risk of not producing any wind power decrease significantly with an increasing array of connected sites. The risk of no wind power production for a given hour is reduced from the interval 8.0 %–11.2 % for a single site to under 4 % for two sites. Increasing the array size further reduces the risk, but to a lesser extent. The average atmospheric weather pattern resulting in wind speed that is too low (too high) to produce wind power is associated with a high-pressure (low-pressure) system near the production sites.
Identidades de desarraigo y diaspora. La travesia de los moriscos granadinos hasta Pastrana
Authors: Alegre Carvajal Esther
Published: November 2020

La expulsión de los moriscos del reino de Granada y su dispersión por toda Castilla, fue uno de los de los grandes movimientos masivos de población durante la Edad Moderna castellana. Se trató de una migración ordenada por Felipe II tras la guerra de las Alpujarras que desplazó a más de 80.000 moriscos tras el conflicto armado. En este artículo se analiza el caso concreto de la villa ducal de Pastrana que en 1570 es lugar de destino de una de las partidas más importantes, y los vestigios de arraigo/desarraigo que su presencia deja sobre la estructura urbana de esta población. Se estudia su brusca llegada y la construcción de un nuevo barrio donde acogerlos, patrocinado por el I duque de Pastrana, Ruy Gómez de Silva y financiado por ricos mercaderes moriscos. Y la huella de integración que, silenciosamente, generó su presencia con la reproducción de jardines populares de tradición andalusí.
Fernando Miranda Casellas (1842-1925). Un artista valenciano en Madrid, París y Nueva York
Authors: Hernández Fuentes Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2020

En 1925 fallecía en su casa Nueva York un escultor español que había pasado buena parte de su vida en esta ciudad norteamericana. Se trataba de Fernando Miranda Casellas un artista que había nacido en Valencia en 1842 y se había formado en Madrid y en París, donde dejó una amplia producción artística centrada en la ilustración gráfica. Este polifacético artista valenciano apenas es conocido y requiere un estudio más detallado de su producción artística que nos ofrezca un catálogo completo de su obra. Con este artículo tan solo se pretende ofrecer un perfil biográfico y unos apuntes sobre su formación y su actividad que superó los límites geográficos de su ciudad natal y trabajó en Madrid, en París y sobre todo en Nueva York.
'¿El baile agarrado es pecado?' La burla del control social en los espacios de 'inmoralidad' del campo alto-andaluz durante el franquismo
Authors: Román Ruiz Gloria
Published: November 2020

Este artículo analiza el control social practicado tanto vertical como horizontalmente sobre los espacios públicos de "inmoralidad" durante el franquismo en el mundo rural andaluz, caso de aquellos destinados al ocio en los que interaccionaban ambos sexos como las salas de cine, los salones de baile o la playas. Pero también cómo, pese a estar sujetos a una estrecha vigilancia por parte de las autoridades y de los vecinos “normales y corrientes” que colaboraban con ellas y a exponerse a ser sancionados, los hombres y mujeres del agro pusieron en marcha pequeñas argucias cotidianas para sortear la asfixiante atmósfera de control y hallar microespacios en los que poder respirar una cierta relajación moral.
A SWOT analysis of the Communicative English Language Skills Improvement Programme: A Tool for Autonomous EFL Learning
Authors: Soler Pardo Betlem , Alcantud Díaz María
Published: November 2020

The digital revolution of recent years has led to new ways of learning by combining innovative and traditional methods. In order to engage the students in these new methods, a pilot project called the Communicative English Language Skills Improvement Programme (CELSIP) has been designed. Thus the learners will be able to achieve a higher level of communication in English through a wide range of multimedia resources, such as audio-books, learning apps, educational websites, TV series, films, board games, and music. These multimodal tools are of easy access to students since the vast majority are user-friendly. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to analyse and verify the feasibility of the CELSIP using a SWOT framework analysis to show the self-learning potential regarding English as a foreign language. In order to do so, we shall first describe the characteristics of the project named CELSIP. It is hoped that the SWOT analysis will provide an objective and critical perspective of the Programme's usefulness and effectiveness as a whole. Also, this analysis could offer prompts involved in the analysis of what is effective and less effective in the programme sections and procedures.
Engagement under revision: How Iranian scholars negotiate the arguability of their texts
Authors: Maniati Mahmood , Jalilifar Alireza , Mashhadi Amir , Hemmati Ali
Published: November 2020

Non-native English speaking (NNES) scholars face great hardship when they attempt to publish in English. Upon submitting their manuscripts to English-language journals, these scholars usually receive comments from the reviewers criticizing the rhetorical structures they adopt. One of these criticisms is concerned with how they manage the relationship between the author and the potential addressee; that is, the scholars’ expression of their attitude and the way they adjust the certainty of their claims and establish a relationship with their readers. This study attempted to examine how the acceptably revised manuscripts written by Iranian scholars differ from the originally submitted versions regarding the changes happening to the Engagement system of the texts. Findings showed Iranian scholars’ inadequate knowledge of the interpersonal weightings of the lexico-grammatical structures they used —hence giving undue credit to other researchers in the field— was mitigated by giving more space to the feature of distance citations, thereby failing to achieve a typically sound and rigorous argumentation.
Non-relational Embedding Verbs: Quotes and Reports
Authors: García Núñez José María , Orrequia-Barea Aroa
Published: November 2020

Some verbs cannot have their clausal complements replaced by referential expressions salva congruitate and/or veritate. This makes it difficult to analyse them as denoting relations of the type expressed by run-of-the-mill transitive verbs. The main goal in this work is to find an explanation for why some English embedding verbs are relational while others fail to be so. The question is, why can the latter, but not the former verbs have their embedded clauses replaced by direct speech complements? A comparison in the relevant contexts of the related categories of direct and indirect quotation reveals an important degree of coincidence that calls for (a) an overlapping semantic treatment, and (b) an interpretation of their often invoked differences as due to the contrasting semantic requirements of the class of verbs that fails to express a relation, non-relational ones. For us, the key distinguishing factor is utterance denotation, the differences between the two main classes of verbs identified in the work deriving from reliance on either the form or the content of the utterances involved. In order to account for these facts, we propose a substantial revision of the Davidsonian approach to clausal complementation.
Towards a Learner-Centred Approach to Design Role-Play Instruments for ILP Studies: A Study Based On Complaints
Authors: Beltrán-Palanques Vicent
Published: November 2020

Role-play tasks have been widely used in pragmatic research to explore spoken interaction. This instrument consists of situational scenarios purposefully designed to make participants elicit specific pragmatic data in controlled situations (Kasper & Youn 2017, Félix-Brasdefer 2018). Notwithstanding the widespread use of role-plays, some drawbacks have been identified concerning design (Hudson et al. 1995, Trosborg 1995, Youn 2015) and real-life consequences (Al-Gahtani & Roever 2012). Against this backdrop, this study presents a learner-centred approach to design situational scenarios based on participants’ examples of complaint situations. Specifically, an exemplar generation task and a likelihood questionnaire (Jianda 2006a, 2006b) were used to elaborate the role-play task. The study reports on the implementation of the learner-centred approach and its effectiveness to construct a role-play task. Furthermore, using retrospective verbal reports, this study discusses whether participants’ engagement in the design of the role-play task encouraged them to act out the situations, as they would do it in real-life contexts. The study evidences the usefulness of adopting a learner-centred approach to design the role-play task. In terms of performance, it seems that, in general, the participants would exhibit similar pragmatic behaviour in a real context. However, they were aware of the lack of real consequences role-play tasks carry.
El abrigo con pintura esquemática de Pala de Cabras (Ourense). Encuentros y desencuentros entre dos tradiciones
Authors: Santos-Estevez Manuel , Tejerizo-García Carlos , Alonso Toucido Francisco
Published: November 2020

Los resultados del presente estudio han permitido redefinir la iconografía del abrigo de Pala de Cabras (Ourense). Este yacimiento, con 15 paneles, constituye uno de los conjuntos con Arte Esquemático más complejos del noroeste de la Península Ibérica. Entre las figuras pintadas destacan 3 representaciones de las llamadas figuras oculadas, soliformes, ramiformes y zig-zag. La identificación de nuevas figuras obliga a una revisión del marco cronológico del yacimiento y, por lo tanto, a un nuevo análisis de su contexto cultural dentro de las regiones rupestres de la Península Ibérica. La presencia de este abrigo en las sierras orientales gallegas, está ayudando a definir la zona de encuentro entre dos tradiciones rupestres: la Esquemática y la Atlántica.
«Tu boca está en buen estado»: Las cucharas con forma de pata de toro y el ritual de la apertura de la boca en la tradición fenicio-púnica
Authors: Gómez Peña Álvaro , Carranza Peco Luis Miguel
Published: November 2020

En la actualidad se conocen un total de siete cucharas con mango decorado en forma de pata de bóvido procedentes de contextos de clara filiación fenicio-púnica. Estas piezas, a las que se les ha prestado escasa atención dentro de la historiografía, han sido tenidas por cucharas para incienso. En este estudio se propone su relación como instrumentos utilizados dentro de un extendido ritual conocido como ‘apertura de la boca’. Para ello se analizará el papel de esta liturgia en el Antiguo Egipto, así como el significado y función dados a este mismo tipo de cucharas dentro de la tradición nilótica. Por último, se reinterpretan otros objetos arqueológicos como piezas propias de este ceremonial dentro del área cananea, fenicia y púnica. Con ello se pretende reforzar la existencia del ritual de la apertura de la boca dentro sus creencias religiosas.
Puertas hacia el mundo simbólico: una nueva propuesta interpretativa acerca de los recintos de taula de Menorca
Authors: Ferrer Rotger Antoni , Riudavets González Irene , Remolins Zamora Gerard , Bravo Asensio Cristina
Published: November 2020

Durante la segunda Edad del Hierro se construyen en Menorca unos edificios singulares conocidos como recintos de taula. La estructura central de estos espacios ha sido objeto de numerosas hipótesis a lo largo del siglo XX, destacando su interpretación simbólica. Por el contrario, los espacios domésticos de la misma cronología, con un elevado grado de estandarización, han sido estudiados sobre todo desde la vertiente funcional. En el presente trabajo se comparan los dos tipos de estructuras, planteando que ambas responden a una misma concepción ideológica del espacio. A partir de esta comparativa, se propone que las taulas son representaciones monumentales del acceso a la habitación norte de los espacios domésticos, simbolizando una entrada al espacio sagrado. El análisis estadístico de las proporciones de los elementos constitutivos de puertas y taulas, aunque no es concluyente, permite afirmar que existe una similitud arquitectónica entre ambos elementos. Finalmente, se plantea que el correlato entre casas y recintos de taula constituye un modo de legitimación de las estructuras sociales por parte de las comunidades que construyeron estas estructuras.
Fronteras ocultas en la zona gris europea
Authors: Bernabé-Crespo Miguel Borja
Published: November 2020

La llamada “zona gris europea” consiste en los espacios de transición entre el conflicto abierto y la paz, en la actualidad presentes en la frontera este de la Unión Europea. Se trata de la esfera de expansión de la UE y OTAN, que coincide con el espacio exsoviético europeo, del cual Moscú sigue ejerciendo una notable influencia. En un escenario de creciente tensión entre estos dos bloques, dirimir procesos de integración o alianzas hacia uno u otro polariza a la sociedad, según sus características socioculturales y motivaciones políticas. Este trabajo realiza un análisis sociocultural, económico y político (resultados electorales, predominio lingüístico, minorías étnicas, economía regional) para establecer aproximadas fronteras ocultas en estos espacios, que pueden aflorar en situaciones de crisis, como fue el caso de Ucrania en 2014. En este trabajo se analiza el caso ucraniano para tratar de identificar otras divisorias en Belarús, Letonia y Moldavia, haciendo referencia a las distintas realidades de cada país.
Building Disaster Resilient Local Economy: The Case of the Philippines
Authors: Resuello Marjorie Don
Published: November 2020

The study explored the key trends and various issues surrounding disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) in the Philippines by analyzing the interrelationship of disaster risk, revenue generation capacity, and DRRM capacity of local governments in the Philippines. The study analyzed the economic implications of disasters to the local economy and analyzed how revenue generation capacity of local governments contributes to realizing disaster-resilient local economy. The study found out that while the law encourages local governments to invest on DRRM, the current system, however, puts local governments with lower income at a disadvantage as they have lower revenues and thus, less resources to utilize for DRRM. The varying income among local governments create disparity not just in local growth but also in performing their DRRM devolved functions. Therefore, the revenue generation capacity of local governments is crucial to strengthen DRRM at the local level. The study suggests that addressing disparity in income and the complexities in sourcing the local revenue as well as having entrepreneurial and transformational local chief executives are crucial factors to realize disaster-resilient local economy in the Philippines.
Repensando la polivictimización de la infancia migrante en Chile
Authors: Pavez-Soto Iskra , Galaz Caterine , Ansaldo R. Manuel
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar los diferentes tipos de victimización que sufren las niñas, los niños y adolescentes migrantes en Chile en variados ámbitos de su vida y que ocurren de modo simultáneo, cruzando variables de procedencia nacional, territorio, edad y/o sexo-género, a fin de discutir la pertinencia del enfoque de la polivictimización. Se aplicó un cuestionario cuantitativo validado internacionalmente, pero adaptado a la realidad local. La muestra fue de 136 niñas, niños y adolescentes migrantes de 6 a 17 años de edad, residentes en las cuatro regiones del país con mayor población migrante. Se concluye que la niñez migrante sufre mayormente victimización indirecta en sus barrios, discriminación y violencia de parte del grupo de pares, a su vez, emergen nuevas áreas, como la violencia institucional y el ámbito familiar.
Special Education without Teaching Assistants? The Development Process for Students with Autism
Authors: Rämä Irene , Kontu Elina , Pirttimaa Raija
Published: November 2020

Many children may need the help of another person to attend school. It is common for children with disabilities to receive help from a teaching assistant at school. Assistants are provided in many countries as a legal right and are often publicly funded. It is also widely assumed that having teaching assistants in the class is an effective and cost-efficient way to support students with disabilities. In this study, the research task was to monitor and document the development process carried out by the teacher, with the aim of making visible the development of a more dynamic classroom interaction. The focus in this development process was the teacher’s idea of minimizing the contacts between students and assistants to increase students’ opportunities to optimize interaction and learning. This was to happen by strengthening commitment to their activities and taking responsibility. The data include video excerpts, which originate from video recordings from a special education class, and transcripts of three stimulated recall-type interviews with the teacher of this class. In this article, the experimental development process is described as presenting an unorthodox approach to teaching assistants and their position in special education.
Análisis de redes egocéntricas con R (II). Una red egocéntrica
Authors: Vacca Raffaele
Published: November 2020

Este texto es el segundo de una serie de cuatro que conjuntamente constituyen un taller sobre análisis de ego-redes (y/o redes personales) con R. El texto está acompañado por ficheros de datos y los scripts de lenguaje R necesarios para realizar las actividades propuestas.
Embedded Devices Security Based on ICMetric Technology
Authors: M. Ali Alheeti Khattab , Al_Dosary Duaa , Sleibi Al-Rawi Salah
Published: November 2020

An intelligent wheelchair application is required which is equipped with the MEMSs which are magnetometer, gyroscope, and accelerometer sensors. The generated process of ICMetrics number is heavily based on magnetometer, gyroscope, and accelerometer sensors. In addition, this number can be utilised to provide the identification of device. Our proposed system passed through three phases. The first phase is bias reading that was extracted from MEMSs (gyroscope, magnetometer, and accelerometers) sensors; whereas, in the second phase, ICMetric number is generated by using the sensor bias readings that was extracted in the first phase. Therefore, this number is non-stored and can be utilised to provide identification of device. In the third phase, the security system is tested/evaluated to measure its effectivity. In other words, it is tested with dataset that was extracted from the trace file of ns-2. In this phase, performance metrics are calculated, which are rate of error, confused metrics, and accuracy.
A Novel MDD-Based BEM Model for Transient 3T Nonlinear Thermal Stresses in FGA Smart Structures
Authors: Abdelsabour Fahmy Mohamed
Published: November 2020

The main objective of this chapter is to introduce a novel memory-dependent derivative (MDD) model based on the boundary element method (BEM) for solving transient three-temperature (3T) nonlinear thermal stress problems in functionally graded anisotropic (FGA) smart structures. The governing equations of the considered study are nonlinear and very difficult if not impossible to solve analytically. Therefore, we develop a new boundary element scheme for solving such equations. The numerical results are presented highlighting the effects of the MDD on the temperatures and nonlinear thermal stress distributions and also the effect of anisotropy on the nonlinear thermal stress distributions in FGA smart structures. The numerical results also verify the validity and accuracy of the proposed methodology. The computing performance of the proposed model has been performed using communication-avoiding Arnoldi procedure. We can conclude that the results of this chapter contribute to increase our understanding on the FGA smart structures. Consequently, the results also contribute to the further development of technological and industrial applications of FGA smart structures of various characteristics.
Philosophy in a Time of Pandemic
Authors: Oksala Johanna ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2020

Philosophy in a time of a pandemic should insist that it is critically important to get to the root causes of the pandemic, and not merely react to its symptoms. The ultimate reason for this pandemic is our relentless destruction of nature and the merciless exploitation of animals.
Ivan Stambolić in Kosovo Polje: April 6th, 1986
Authors: Ristanović Petar
Published: November 2020

The Serbian resistance movement, centered in Kosovo Polje, was a new factor in the complicated political relations of Communist Yugoslavia. In the spring of 1986, this grassroots movement was becoming a formidable political force and a possible source of wider social unrest. The most influential politician in the Serbian leadership, Ivan Stamoblić, came to Kosovo Polje on April 6, 1986. During a short visit, he missed an opportunity to gain the movement's support and showed a lack of understanding of the deep changes in Yugoslav society.
The problem of virtual reconstructions of “places of commemoration” in light of the spatial cultural turn
Authors: Viazinkin Aleksei , Dvukhzhilova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: November 2020

This article examines the problem of historical-cultural significance of virtual reconstructions of places of commemoration and creation of digital museums in the context of spatial turn in cultural sciences. “Places of commemoration” are viewed not only as the objects of virtual reconstruction, but also as the sources of social constructs and social practices, as the elements of cultural capital of the city. In this vein, the projects of digital museums can be viewed as the program for creation of commemorative environment, which in turn, contributes to formation and development of the sense of solidarity in the society. An interdisciplinary approach is realized through the use of methodology of historical and culturological studies, with consideration of the so-called spatial turn in cultural sciences, as well as technologies of virtual design and mathematical modeling. Formation of commemorative environment and civil identity is intensified by any form of reference (including virtual space) to the places of commemoration as to the landmarks of social memory and tradition, key components of historical capital of the city. The projects of virtual reconstruction (creation of digital museum) of memorial places using software platforms with an open code OpenSimulator should be perceived as “augmented reality” of historical capital of the city.
Russian Harbin: architecture of the mansion of G. I. Kroll
Authors: Kozyrenko Nataliya Efremovna
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research is the architectural and style peculiarities of the mansion of G. I. Kroll. The object is the Harbin architectural landmarks built in the early XX century in the New City area. Presently the are in a critical condition. Their physical state testifies to the upcoming demolition of the unique objects of Russian Harbin. The author examines the historical aspect of construction and functionality of the objects, architectural specificities, and current physical state of the architectural landmarks. Special attention is paid to the architectural-planning peculiarities of the constructs: pattern, decorative elements, style. The main conclusion of the conducted research consists in the need for urgent restoration works of the structural elements and façade reconstruction of the landmarks. Layout of the two objects, interiors of all indoor spaces, and surrounding environment are subject to repair. These works would take place in the context of the new functionality of the objects – “Russian Harbin” hotel. Such approach would allow to not only preserve the objects of Russian architecture, but also reproduce the distinct environment of Harbin of the early XX century. The scientific novelty lies in conducting an on-site inspection of the constructs to find damages in structural elements, do measurements, develop reconstruction projects based on the results of determined architectural and style peculiarities of the landmarks.
Sonnets by Magomed Akhmedov and the development of sonnet genre in modern Avar poetry
Authors: Gadzhilova Shanisat Magomedovna
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research the artistic distinctness of the sonnets by M. Akhmedov in the context of evolution of sonnet genre in modern Avar poetry. The sonnets of M. Akhmedov represent a significant part of his poetic path, and are viewed as a new phenomenon in modern Avar poetry, the origin of which is associated with the works Of R. Gamzatov and M. Abasil. The object of this research is the sonnet genre in Avar literature. The goal consists in determination of the sonnet in multigenre poetry Of Magomed Akhmedov, as well as comprehension of their artistic content and form in conjunction with development of the genre in modern Avar poetry. Special attention is turned to the stages of evolution of the indicated genre in Dagestan, and namely Avar, literature. Emphasis is placed on the artistic distinctness of M. Akhmedov's sonnets, their comparative analysis, imagery structure, and ideological- thematic peculiarities. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this is first to review M. Akhmedov’s sonnets, which hold a special place in development of the sonnet genre in modern Avar poetry. The acquired results demonstrate that the examination of M. Akhmedov's sonnets allow revealing not only the range of his poetic pursuits, but also richness of the genre system of modern Avar poetry. The sonnets by M. Akhmedov draw attention by synthesizing the old and new traditions of the poet's precursors and contemporaries. The authors’s special contribution is defined by carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the sonnets M. Akhmedov that fill the gap in studying the evolution and development of this genre in particular, and poetry of M. Akhmedov overall.
The formation of intransitive verbs from the base of quality processes in Kolyma dialect of the Yukaghir language
Authors: Prokopуeva Aleksandra Egorovna
Published: November 2020

The subject of this article is the intransitive verbs in Kolyma dialect of the Yukaghir language. In Yukaghir linguistics does not feature special research on the verb word formation of this dialect, which defines the relevance of this work. The object of this article is the affixes used for the formation of intransitive verbs from the base of quality processes (qualitives). The goal of this article is to describe the formation of intransitive verbs from the base of quality processes of Kolyma dialect of the Yukaghir language, as well as to clarify the meanings of word-forming affixes. The scientific novelty consists in the analysis and description of the formation of intransitive verbs from the base of quality verbs of the language of wood Yukaghir folk. The results lies in determination and specification of the semantics of word-forming affixes of intransitive verbs, formed from the base of qualitaty processes, such as -mu (reducing to various changes), -kie (acquisition of a certain quality or transition from one state to another), -ba ~ - ge, - lye, - d  (completed action or process), - buo (semi imposition of  a quality), - de and the suffix of one-time action – s’ - (completed action or process).
Economía popular y solidaria: ¿realidad o utopía?. Caracterización de las entidades de fomento
Authors: Castro Medina Ana
Published: November 2020

Ecuador es un escenario en el que se desarrollan múltiples experiencias relacionadas con la Economía Popular y Solidaria —EPS—, es un laboratorio vivo que aún en contextos complejos genera redes y tejidos desde la reciprocidad, el don y la gratuidad. Comprender este entramado precisa de aportes que inviten a la reflexión y a la construcción de renovadas políticas públicas e instituciones. Este trabajo constituye un esfuerzo por caracterizar la institucionalidad pública del sector de la EPS, es una aproximación que explora sus prácticas desde el año 2013, en particular las entidades de fomento. Las principales conclusiones indican que la estructura organizacional pública, creada desde el rol regulador del Estado, visibiliza y apoya algunas de las expresiones solidarias, empero su comprensión y contribución aún es limitada en relación a las expectativas de quienes viven y activan cotidianamente la economía solidaria en el país.
THE COLLISIONAL EFFECTS ON STIMULATED SCATTERING FROM LOW-FREQUENCY MODES
Authors: YIN RUN-JIE  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

Stimulated scattering of electromagnetic wave from low-frequency modes is discussed. The starting point is Braginskij's equations which include energy equation. The thresholds and growth rates are obtained. Beside that there is a scattering from thermal mode, we also find that the Brillouin scattering is different from the previous results.
CW CO2-LASER ANNEALING AND ALLOYING OF SEMICONDUCTORS
Authors: ZOU SHI-CHANG  , LIN CHENG-LU  ,   中国科学院上海冶金研究所
Published: November 2020

The effects of CW CO2-laser irradiation on semiconductors are studied with primary emphasis on the physics of the process. Experimental results and theoretical considerations show that semiconductor sample can be heated to desired temperatures by CW CO2-laser irradiation. The CW CO2-laser irradiation with wavelength of 10.6 μm is different from the other short wavelength lasers in the following features: light absorption of laser radiation through free carrier absorption, uniform temperature distribution throughout the thickness of the wafer, enhancement of annealing efficiency by laser irradiation from back surface. The temperature profile produced by stationary CW CO2-laser irradiation is capable of annealing As+ ion implantation damage in Si with a solid-state regrowth mechanism. During the regrowth process the implanted As+ ions are incorporated into substitutional lattice sites and can be made electrically active to a high degree without redistribution of the original profile. Using CO2-laser irradiation from the back surface we have produced ohmic contacts with excellent electrical properties for GaAsFET without damaging the device structure on the front surface.
THE CALCULATION OF SHG COEFFICIENTS FOR CRYSTALS WITH ZINC BLENDE AND WURTZITE STRUCTURES BY USING THE EQUIVALENT ORBITAL METHOD
Authors: CHEN CHUANG-TIAN  , SHEN HE-SHENG  ,   (1)中国科学技术大学; (2)中国科学院福建物质结构研究所
Published: November 2020

The calculation of SHG coefficients for crystals with zinc blende and wurtzite structures (AB-type crystals) has been carried out by using the equivalent orbital method. Upon neglect of the electron-phonon interactions, the possibility of adopting the energy bands functions for calculation of these coefficients has been considered. The equivalent orbital method, originally an approximate one in the calculation of the band structures of AB-type crystals, is then used to calculate SHG coefficients for those crystals at K = 0. With some modifications of the band width, the SHG coefficients at K = 0 can be represented approximately as the average of the SHG coefficients for various K vectors. Multiplied by the total number of K vactors in the first Brillouin zone, this gives the macroscopic SHG coefficients for these crystals.Attempts have been made to calculate SHG coefficients for 17 species of crystals with zinc blende and wurtzite structures systematically. It is interesting to note that the values thus obtained agree satisfactorily with the experimental data. Hence the following conclusions can be drawn:1. The one-gap model has been found to be appropriate to zinc blende structures, but it is not the case for wurtzite. 2. It is shown that the coefficients x533(2ω) for the wurtzite structure are the sum of two terms, i.e., contributions from the single state (Γ1,Γ3) as well as from the doublet state (Γ5,Γ6). The former is found to be negative, whereas the latter is positive.3. It is appropriate to use Pauling ionicity as a measure of the ionicity of the A-B bond.
ON THE USE OF THE SIM WEIGHT IN FOURIER SYNTHESIS
Authors: HE CUN-HENG  , GU YUAN-XIN  ,   (1)中国科学院物理研究所; (2)中国医学科学院基础医学研究所
Published: November 2020

When MULTAN-78 or MULTAN-80 is empoyed to solve a crystal structure, usually only partial structure can be found at first. The remaining atoms are then located by the weighted Fourier synthesis. In this paper, however, two examples are given to show that, when most of the atomic positions are already known, especially when the known part contains heavy atoms, the unweighted Fourier synthesis can give better results than that from the weighted Fourier synthesis.MULTAN-80 has been modified to calculate also the unweighted Fourier synthesis.
STRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION IN DIAMOND SYNTHESIS
Authors: GAO LIAN  ,   中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所
Published: November 2020

The structural unit CCMCC, being of general significance, is regarded as a basic object of research. We suggest a microscopic model of the structure transformation of graphite-to-diamond, that is, the puckered dimers of diamond as crystallized units would be formed by the connections of the outer electrons between atoms of the transition metal and aetplanes of graphite, similar to the σ-π coordinate bonding.
STUDY ON PRESSURE DEPENDENCE OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF C-15 LAVES PHASE ALLOYS: (Hf, Zr, Ta)V2 AND (Hf, Zr, Nb)V2 SYSTEM
Authors: XIONG GUANG-CHENG  , YIN DAO-LE  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The superconducting transition temperatures, Tc, and their pressure dependences ?Tc/?P of some C-15 Laves phase compounds, (Zr0.5Hf0.5-xTa)V2 (x≤0.2) and (Hf0.5Zr0.5-xNbx)V2(x≤0.2) system, have been studied. A description of the experimental apparatus and results is given. Unlike the cases of (Hf1-xTax)V2 and (Zr1-xTax)V2, introduction of Ta in (Zr0.5Hf0.5-xTax)V2 depresses Tc but causes a remarkable higher ?Tc/?P. So the superconducting transition temperature Tc of Zr0.5Hf0.45Ta0.05V2 is higher than that of (Zr0.5Hf0.5)V2 at high pressure. In view of the band theory method with angular momentum representation, a new relation for the pressure dependence of elect-ron-phonon coupling (i.e. ?lnη/?lnV) is derived. It emphasized the relative importance of high angular-momentum-partials variation of the conduction band electron wave function on ?lnη/?lnV. This formulation is helpful in understanding the above-mentioned experimental results and also gives a resonable explanation to the facts that Tc of some elements, e. g. Cs, Ba and La, are substantially enhanced by pressure.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTERFACE STATE ON THE PROPERTIES OF SOLAR CELL SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES
Authors: LIN ZHANG-DA  , ZHOU PEI-ZHEN  , CHEN YUN-QI  , DENG HUI-GUO  , QI SHANG-XUE  , WANG CHANG-HENG  , XIE KAN  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

An n-Fe2O3 film was grown on a n-Si substrate which had undergone surface treatment to form a double layer semiconductor electrode. The influence of the interface state on the electrode properties was studied. From photoluminescence measurements, we found that an interface state with high density of states exists lying above the top of the Fe2O3 valence band at 1.61 eV. The Fermi level is pinned by this interface state.Using energy band profiles, we give an explanation for the photoluminescence, as well as a theoretical calculation and analysis for the capacity-voltage curves and photo-current-voltage curves. These theoretical calculated curves agree well with the experimental data. This double layer semiconductor electrode with an interface state with high density of states is a promising material for solar cells of good stability and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
THE ENERGY-MOMENTUM PSEUDOTENSOR OF THE GRAVITATIONAL FIELD AND THE GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION EMITTED BY AN AXISYMMETRIC SYSTEM
Authors: WANG YOU-TANG  ,   上海交通大学应用物理系
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we have calculated the total gravitational radiation emitted by an axisymmetric system per unit time. Direct calculation using Hu Ning's expression for the τ(n)αβ and Bondi's cylindrical wave solution has led to -(dE)/(dt)=1/2∫x0c02sinθdθ. This result is identical with Bondi's formula that has been obtained without using any expression for the ταβ and shows that the total power radiated is always positive. The result obtained from Zheng Yu-kun's expression for the ταβ, however, does not agree with Bondi's formula and indicates that total power radiated is not always positive.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE STRUCTURE OF GLASSY METALS BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION METHOD
Authors: LUO YUAN-SU  , ZAO JI-LIANG  , HUANG SHENG-TAO  ,   武汉大学物理系
Published: November 2020

An investigation on the structures of the metal-metalloid glassy alloys Pd77Si16.5Ag6.59,Co42.9Ni27.3Fe7.8Si8B14 and Co50.7Ni19.5Fe7.8Si6B16 was carried out by means of X-ray diffraction method. The informations about the structure of these glassy metals such as the average atomic distance, the nearest coordination number and the radius of short range order were obtained from the radial distribution functions RDF(r). Besides, the Gaussian distribution formula were used to fit the first peak of RDF(r), and the best expression was found. The coordination number of metal-metal atoms was estimated approximately.
FORMATION OF THE INTERNAL STRESS FIELD AND DISTRIBUTION OF MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY IN THE AMORPHOUS ALLOY RIBBONS
Authors: LIN ZHAO-HUA  , DAI DAO-SHENG  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The solidification progresses of rapidly quenching from high-tempersture melts to form amorphous alloy ribbons were analysed. It was pointed out that different regions of the amorphous ribbon have different advancing ways of solidification in the process of solidifying, thus different local stress fields will exist in these regions. The internal stress fields and the stress-magnetic anisotropies in different regions of the amorphous ribbon were calculated theoretically. The calculated results and their inferences can interpret satisfactorily the observed structures of the magnetic domain in the amorphous ribbons and some phenomena in the experiments of the domain's observations.
THE SUPERCURRENT OSCILLATIONS WITHIN ONE FLUX QUANTUM PERIOD φ0 FOR WEAK LINKS (Ⅱ)——THE SUPERCONDUCTING RING CONTAINING A WEAK LINK
Authors: CHENG GENG-HUA  , ZHANG YU-HENG  ,   (1)中国科学技术大学物理系,合肥; (2)中国科学技术大学物理系,研究生
Published: November 2020

It is pointed out that if a superconducting ring containing a weak link is placed in a cavity, which is in resonant with the current flowing in the ring, i.e., when the frequency of the Josephson current or one of its n-th harmonies is equal to the cavity frequency, and if the cavity has sufficiently high Q-value, then the feedback of the stationary electric-magnetic wave will act on the ring itself and produce a small sinusoidal oscillation superposing on the primary sawtooth wave oscillating current. The period of the small oscillation will be φ0/n and its amplitude that of the sawtooth wave multiplied by 1/nπ.
AN ITERATIVE CORRECTION METHOD FOR INDEXING THE X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION PATTERNS
Authors: GUO CHANG-LIN  , HUANG YUE-HONG  ,   中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we suggest an iterative correction method for indexing powder diffraction patterns when the rough unit-cell dimensions are known. When the error of the original rough unit cell dimensions is not very large (<1-3%) and the measurement data of diffraction line are precise (△2θ<0.04°), satisfactory results can be obtained.
INFRARED ABSORPTION STUDIES ON NEUTRON IRRADIATED FZ-Si CONTAINING HYDROGEN
Authors: ZHANG ZHENG-NAN  , XU ZHEN-JIA  ,   中国科学院半导体研究所
Published: November 2020

Hydrogen related defect states generated in n-FZ Si(H2) single crystal after neutron irradiation have been studied by IR absorption. We observed some new absorption peaks that have not yet been reported. These peaks appear at 1992cm-1 and 1857 cm-1 in non-irradiated and irradiated specimens respectively. All absorption peaks arising from hydrogen and hydrogen related defects of n-FZ Si(H2) before and after neutron irradiation have been both discussed and assigned. And the 2150cm-1 absorption peak is attributed to the hydrogen donor.
THE MODE OF SOUND IN GASEOUS SUPERFLUID FILM OF SPIN POLARIZED HYDROGEN ATOMS (H↓) ABSORBED ON HELIUM FILM
Authors: NI WAN-SUN  ,   南京大学物理系及声学研究所
Published: November 2020

The mode of sound in gaseous superfluid film of spin polarized hydrogen atoms (H↓) absorbed on helium film is discussed. Principally, it ia the fourth sound in two dimensions resulting from compressibility of the gaseous film and different from the usual third sound resulting from the variances of thickness of helium film.
THE FLUX PINNING MECHANISM OF A-15 SC MATERIALS AT HIGH FIELD
Authors: CAI XUE-YU  , YIN DAO-LE  , LI CHUAN-YI  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

Having considered the anisotropic property of the interaction between grain-boundaries and flux line lattice, we point out that the shearing flow of FLL along grain-boundaries is accompained by the depinning of FLS from weak pinning centers on GB, and this may be responsible for the "tail" of Fp at the vicinity of Hc2.
THE PHASE TRANSITION AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF InSb FILMS CONDENSED AT LOW TEMPERATURE
Authors: CAO XIAO-WEN  , ZHANG YU-HENG  ,   (1)中国科学技术大学物理系; (2)中国科学院等离子体物理研究所
Published: November 2020

We have studied the phase transition and superconductivity of InSb films condensed on substrate at low temperatures and obtained the following new experimental results: (a) First jump of conductance is spontaneous and independent of temperature in the temperature region in which InSb films were condensed, (b) After second jump of the conductance appears and reaches a peak, the conductance drops quickly and is accompanied by the formation of crystalline semiconductor phase as annealing temperature is increased further. But experimental results show that it is a metastable crystalline phase and third jump of the conductance takes place as annealing temperature is raised further. The phase formed after third jump of the conductance is a metallic one, but it does not become superconductive until 1.5 K. (c) Superconducting transition temperature of the phase formed after first jump of the conductance is different along with different temperatures of the substrate.
THE FORWARD RAMAN SCATTERING OF CIRCULARLY POLARIZED KrF EXCIMER LASER BEAM IN HYDROGEN GAS
Authors: ZHANG FU-GENG  ,   上海市激光技术研究所
Published: November 2020

In this work, we have studied the forward Raman scattering of circularly polarized KrF excimer laser beam in hydrogen gas. The conversion efficiency of the first Stokes line has reached about 44%.
THE STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF POLARIZED LASER SPECKLE
Authors: WANG NAI-QUAN  , ZHANG HONG-JUN  , E YUN  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The statistical properties of polarized laser speckle is discussed. An exact probability density function of integrated intensity of partially polarized laser speckle is obtained. We study by the experiment how the probability density function of integrated intensity of polarized laser speckle varies with the area of detector aperture and mean intensity.
A GENERALIZED FORMULA OF THE THIRD ORDER ELECTRICAL DEFLECTION ABERRATION COEFFICIENTS AND THEIR RELATION WITH THE RASTER PATTERN
Authors: DING SHOU-QIAN  ,   南开大学物理系
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with the generalization of the theory of third order aberrations of an electrical deflection system under the situation as the electron beam is originally immersed in an electric field. The formulae of third order electrical deflection aberration coefficients in an arbitrary plane have been derived. It can be applied to either sequential deflection systems or superimposed deflection yokes. By means of mathematical manoeuvres, the formulae are simplified and made easy for calculation. In order to obtain high precision, the first and second order derivatives of the field E0(z) have been eliminated. In accordance with our previous work, the nomenclature and calculating procedure are kept the same as before, so we can adopt the same computing scheme.Finally, we have described the relations between the patterns of the raster distortion, astigmatism, field curvature, coma, and the corresponding deflection aberration coefficients for a small electron beam which is initially point-focused on the image screen. These relations may also be applied to the third order magnetic deflection aberrations.
INVESTIGATION OF STRUCTURE RELAXATION IN Co-Ni-Fe BASE METAL GLASSES BY X-RAY SCATTERING
Authors: ZHAO JI-LIANG  , LUO YUAN-SU  , HUANG SHENG-TAO  ,   (1)武汉大学物理系; (2)武汉大学物理系,武汉钢铁学院
Published: November 2020

The effecte of isothermal and isochronal annealing on the structures of the metal glasses Co50.7Ni19.5Fe7.8Si6B16 and Co42.9Ni27.3Fe7.8Si8B14 have been investigated by the wide angle and the small angle X-ray scattering methods. The experimental results obtained show two types of structure relaxation: The relaxation associated with topographical short range ordering (TSRO) and the relaxation associated with chemical short range ordering (CSRO), and give particularly the direct evidence of the CSRO relaxation process in the amorphous states. The atomic co-operative process of the two types of structure relaxation, and their coexistence and correlation are discussed preliminarily.
INVESTIGATION OF MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND M?SSBAUER SPECTRA OF LaxBa1-xFe12-xZnxO19 FERRITES
Authors: DU YOU-WEI  , LU HUAI-XIAN  , ZHANG YU-CHANG  , HUI LI-REN  , WANG TING-XIANG  ,   (1)南京大学物理系; (2)南京大学物理系,江苏省无锡县磁性材料厂
Published: November 2020

The hexagonal ferrites LaxBa1-xFe12-xZnxO19 were prepared by oxalate eopreci-pitation method. The ferrites with magnet oplumbite structure were found to be formed for xf and the magnetic crystal anisotropy constant k decreases with increasing x. M?ssbauer spectra have revealed that Zn2+ ion tends to occupy 4f2 site.
THE HAWKING RADIATION OF CHARGED DIRAC PARTICLES IN KERR-NEWMAN SPACETIME
Authors: XU DIAN-YAN  ,   北京大学计算机科学技术系
Published: November 2020

The Hawking radiation of charged Dirac particles on event horizon of Kerr-Newman black holes is studied in this paper. First, we construct the symmetrized null tetrad from which the symmetrized spin coefficients and Dirac equation are derived. Next, we solve the Dirac equation near the event horizon and get the four component ingoing and outgoing wave functions. Finally, by analytic continuation, the Hawking thermal spectrum formula of Dirac particles for arbitrary Kerr-Newman black holes is obtained.
THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND ELECTRONIC STATES OF GaAs1-xPx (110)
Authors: XU YONG-NIAN  , ZHANG KAI-MING  ,   复旦大学物理系
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the clean surface GaAs1-xPx(110) has been studied by the EHT method using a cluster model. We obtained the following results: (1) the value of the rotated relaxation angle is about 26°. (2) For x≥0.25 the empty intrinsic cation states are found in the gap near the conduction band edge.