bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE TESTING OF MONEY NEUTRALITY IN ECONOMIC GROWTH OF INDONESIA
Authors: Sun’an Muammil , Husen Amran
Published: January 2018

This study aim is to test the money neutrality in a narrow sense (M1) and a broad sense (M2) to the growth of output (GDP) in Indonesia, both in short term and long term. This research uses quarterly time series data at 2010 - 2016 periods. The analysis tool used is Error Correction Model (ECM). The results show that short-term money supply (M1 and M2) affect on output growth. However, in the long term, only money circulation in a broad sense (M2) affects on output growth, which also means that money is not neutral because it affects the real sector (GDP).

 Keywords: M1, M2, Population, Capital, and Economic Growth.
Pendekatan Komunikatif Terhadap Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris di MIN 1 Palembang
Authors: Khodijah Khodijah , Astuti Mardiah
Published: January 2018

Pembelajaran bahasa Inggris pada tingkat Madrasah Ibtidaiyah masih sangat rendah, khususnya dalam aspek keterampilan berbicara. Untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara maka perlu diadakannya pelatihan yang mendasar, di antaranya mengenalkan kosakata dan membuat kalimat sederhana, melalui berbagai pendekatan. Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat memotivasi serta memberi kesempatan yang luas kepada siswa untuk berbicara di dalam kelas tanpa merasa takut salah pengucapan ialah pendekatan komunikatif. Penelitian ini untuk melihat bagaimana keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas IV sebelum dan sesudah serta pengaruh penerapan pendekatan komunikatif pada pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris di Kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 1 Teladan Palembang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Bentuk desain one group pretest-posteest. Adapun populasi dan sampelnya adalah siswa kelas IV berjumlah 121 siswa, dengan sampel 30 siswa kelas IVC. Alat pengumpulan data berupa observasi, tes praktik, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dengan hasil peneliitian bahwa keterampilan berbicara siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris sebelum diterapkannya pendekatan komunikatif (struktural) yang tergolong tinggi sebanyak 5 orang siswa (16%), tergolong sedang sebanyak  17 orang siswa (57%), dan tergolong rendah 8 orang siswa (27%). Sedangkan hasil keterampilan berbicara yang sesudah diterapkan pendekatan komunikatif yang tergolong tinggi sebanyak 8 orang siswa (27%) tergolong sedang sebanyak  16 orang siswa (53%) dan tergolong rendah sebanyak 6 orang siswa (20%). Berdasarkan analisis data dengan rumus product moment adalah nilai perhitungan   lebih besar dari pada , baik pada taraf signifikan 5% maupun pada taraf 1% dengan rincian 0,3610,463. Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. ini menunjjukan bahwa penerapan pendekatan komunikatif itu telah berhasil meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas IVC pada pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 1 Teladan Palembang.
Peran TPA dalam Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Al-Qur’an di Masjid Al-Fattah Palembang
Authors: Setiawan Dedi , Rusdi Amir , Putri Vinny Aisyahlani
Published: January 2018

Mentioning the Qur'an to children since childhood is easier than to teach the Qur'an as an adult.At this time, children have greater potential to learn and remember lessons. Quran Education Park (TPA) is a non-formal education institution that seeks to educate children from 7-12 years of age or elementary school age, so as to read, understand and practice the Qur'an. This research using qualitative descriptive approach. This research emphasizes on the role of education education of Al-Qur'an Quran Education Park (TPA). The population in this study as many as 6 teachers consisting of 1 male, 5 female and 31 students consisting of 17 men, 14 women. To obtain data author using observation data, interviews, test and documentation. Observation is to observe learning activity of Al-Qur'an Education Park (TPA), interview with santri guardian that is to know have been achieved the purpose of a educationin in Quran Education Park (TPA) and Tests to further prove from result of interview Done with students guardian. From the analysis, it can be concluded that from the 6 main objectives of the teaching of Al-Qur'an Education Park (TPA) can be said to play a good role in the education of Al-Qur'an as well as Wirutomo argued that David Berry's opinion was defined as a set of expectations To individuals who occupy certain social positions. From the opinion of David Berry it is clear that after doing the research of Al-Qur'an Mosque of Al-Qur'an (TPA) Al-Fattah Mosque has reached the desired expectations in accordance with the purpose of teaching the Education of Al-Qur'an (TPA).
Faces do Pré-Sal Brasileiro: Migração, Trabalho e Sociabilidade
Authors: Clemente Claudelir Correa
Published: January 2018

A partir de observações etnográficas o presente trabalho apresenta experiências de trabalhadores migrantes que atuam na exploração e produção petrolífera em mares brasileiros, em especifi co, trabalhadores off shore estrangeiros envolvidos nas atividades do pré-sal em área marítima denominada bacia de Santos. Essa bacia estende-se do estado do Espírito Santos ao estado de Santa Catarina – é o espaço da exploração petrolífera da camada pré-sal. Em especifi co, nas cidades de Macaé/RJ, Rio de Janeiro/RJ e Santos/ SP, observa-se um crescente aumento de trabalhadores estrangeiros off shore contratados por empresas transnacionais que atuam no setor. Atraídos pelo trabalho na plataforma em alto mar, pelas promessas de um excelente salário e pelos 15 dias de tempo livre, já que a maioria dos contratos trabalhistas dessas empresas estrangeiras, preveem 15(quinze) dias de trabalho e 15 (quinze) dias de folga, os trabalhadores estrangeiros acabam desenvolvendo experiências sociais que os colocam entre o mar, a terra e a origem. Para a antropologia, tais experiências apontam para criação de vínculos sociais específi cos que permitem compreender algumas das formas de sociabilidade contemporânea, tornando visíveis muitas das faces que compõem a globalização.
A Gestão de ﬁnanças solidárias pelos Camponeses do Cariri Paraibano através do Sistema de Fundos Rotativos Solidários (FRS)
Authors: Oliveira Maria do Socorro de Lima , Duque Ghislaine
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho expõe a experiência dos Fundos Rotativos Solidários (FRS) no Cariri Paraibano. Trata-se de uma forma de crédito rotativo que possibilita, através da cooperação entre seus membros, a gestão de recursos para a construção de benfeitorias nas comunidades. O resultado deste trabalho é a aprendizagem da gestão coletiva e comunitária de recursos comuns através do exercício da solidariedade. Os grupos se fortalecem e ganham autoconfiança. Descobrem que a união – ação coletiva – permite obter resultados impossíveis de se alcançar pela ação individual. É o fim do assistencialismo e da dependência que ele gere e o início das iniciativas auto-geridas. Este novo olhar descentraliza o conhecimento específico dos agentes mediadores e valoriza as experiências dos camponeses, horizontalizando os saberes. Apos apresentarmos a origem da primeira experiência de FRS na Paraíba, apresentaremos o caso da comunidade Mandacaru, que ilustra bem o potencial desse tipo de organização como as dificuldades encontradas na sua gestão.
Elites Empresariais e a conﬁguração de espaços turísticos na Ilha de Cozumel, México
Authors: Rodrigues Lea Carvalho
Published: January 2018

O artigo trata das relações entre turismo, elites empresariais e território no cenário atual de expansão mundial do turismo, uma das atividades mais importantes da economia mundial contemporânea, indicado por organismos internacionais como solução econômica aos países pobres e em desenvolvimento. Os dados etnográficos colhidos na ilha de Cozumel, México, no ano de 2011, permitem compreender a dimensão político-econômica na confi guração dos seus espaços turísticos. A ilha é dominada por grupos empresariais locais com expressividade política, e nesta trama atuam o Estado, as agências internacionais e os interesses privados.
Economía Social y Solidaria: Paradojas de la “Moneda Social”
Authors: Presta Susana , Landaburu Liliana
Published: January 2018

En el presente artículo nos proponemos discutir sobre los alcances y límites de las iniciativas de la economía social y solidaria, producto de la crisis socioeconómica que se agudiza a partir de la década del 90 consideradas en tanto “alternativas” al sistema capitalista. De hecho, las estructuras de la economía social y solidaria no existen escindidas de las estructuras del sistema económico capitalista. En este sentido, resulta necesario reflexionar en torno a la existencia de una moneda social y sus implicancias socioeconómicas. Asimismo, nos preguntamos si es posible hablar de una racionalidad alternativa a la racionalidad capitalista o se trata de una racionalidad dependiente.
Procesos Transnacionales en las regiones de frontera: la Triple Frontera en el sistema mundo
Authors: Abínzano Roberto Carlos
Published: January 2018

Las reflexiones que siguen son el resultado de una selección y abarcan temas diversos dentro de una única problemática general: los procesos transnacionales y la región de frontera. Desde hace dos décadas investigamos las regiones de frontera entre Argentina, Brasil y Paraguay. Definimos las regiones de frontera, diferenciándolas de las líneas de frontera, como un espacio transnacional que se estructura dinámicamente a partir de las relaciones de todo orden que tienen lugar, desde tiempos históricos de larga duración, entre agentes y colectivos de las tres naciones/estado. En este sentido nos apoyamos en la definición de Milton Santos sobre formación socio-espacial, pero, la aplicamos a una realidad transnacional espacialmente continua donde lo que interesaba era la determinación de un núcleo central constituido por una secuencia de formaciones sucesivas, integradas diacrónica y sincrónicamente y caracterizada por la existencia de redes complejas de relaciones muy antiguas y a la vez completamente nuevas.
Gênero e Trabalho: as relações entre Trabalhadores de uma Empresa Transnacional, a partir das narrativas de seus empregados
Authors: Muniz Cátia Regina
Published: January 2018

Este artigo propõe-se a analisar as relações entre trabalhadores e trabalhadoras de uma empresa transnacional, a partir das narrativas de um casal que trabalhou na mesma nas décadas de 40 e 50. O relato do referido casal permitiu a realização de comparações com dados obtidos em pesquisa anterior (2001) em uma fábrica pertencente à empresa em questão. Nas relações destacam-se a divisão sexual do trabalho e o caráter sexual como mecanismos simbólicos de exclusão das mulheres, principalmente as operárias, das fábricas pesquisadas, cujo intuito era o de manter a “supremacia masculina” na área produtiva.
Para além da Política Pública: reﬂexões em torno de uma experiência de economia solidária
Authors: Carvalho Keila Lúcio de
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho versa sobre a economia solidária no contexto de relações capitalistas de produção, consumo e apropriação do trabalho. Em particular, centrase no estudo dos limites e possibilidades da articulação da economia solidária no sentido de promover práticas de sociabilidade diferenciadas das relações sociais predominantes. Para viabilizar tal análise, foi realizado um estudo em uma cooperativa de trabalhadores rurais, localizada no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo abordou essas questões, bem como o fenômeno da  precarização das condições de vida em geral.
Capital, Trabajo y Políticas Sociales de Desarrollo en Programas de Economía Social: consideraciones acerca del Microcrédito
Authors: Ciancio Diana
Published: January 2018

En este trabajo propongo problematizar desde una perspectiva antropológica la forma en la cual las políticas de desarrollo socioeconómico son significadas y re-significadas por los actores sociales que las reciben, diferenciando su experiencia del discurso sostenido desde el ámbito estatal. Para abordar la temática, retomo resultados preliminares de una investigación en curso acerca de un programa de microcréditos implementado desde el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social de la Nación. El grupo seleccionado para el estudio propuesto, es una Asociación Civil de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Pretendo indagar la relación capital/trabajo a la luz de formas de asalariamiento características de las últimas décadas, que implican una particular configuración de las economías domésticas.
Políticas públicas de formação continuada de professores dos anos iniciais em Matemática
Authors: Fanizzi Sueli , Santos Vinício Macedo
Published: January 2018

Este estudo investiga as políticas públicas de formação continuada de professores dos anos iniciais, em Matemática, da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo, no período de 2005 a 2012, a partir da análise de documentos, da observação de encontros de formação continuada e de entrevista com professores. Como base no ciclo contínuo de políticas públicas de Stephen Ball, pode-se afirmar que não há uma aplicação imediata daquilo que é estabelecido nos textos oficiais e que não há, por parte do professor, apropriação e uso direto das orientações recebidas em encontros de formação continuada. Entre a determinação de uma política pública e a aprendizagem do aluno, há várias interpretações dos textos e ações oficiais e, consequentemente, descontinuidades. Conclui-se que a formação continuada mais adequada é aquela que oferece ao docente um espaço onde sua “voz”, constituída pelas recontextualizações que ele faz do currículo e do ensino da Matemática, seja, de fato, considerada.
Private actor accountability on international regimes
Authors: Purnomo Wahyudi , Rudiany Novita Putri , Hennida Citra
Published: January 2018

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have emerged along with the growing role of corporations in global development. One of the largest forms of PPP today is the UN Global Compact. The UN Global Compact involves of companies, NGOs, IGOs and state governments. All of them are trying to realize globalization with a more humanist face with attention to the protection of human rights, environment, labor standards and anti-corruption. Engaging private actors in global governance, The UN Global Compact raises many issues such as power, authority, and legitimacy. The effort to tackle it all is to increase PPP accountability. This research seeks to describe what efforts can be made to enhance private accountability within the international regime. The research undertaken is a descriptive study, focuses on public-private partnerships in the UN Global Compact regime. The study found that there were two attempts that could be done. First, by involving the stakeholders in the development of procedures, mechanisms, reporting and monitoring associated with trying to improve the company’s reputation. Second, by looking at corporate relations as agent and UN Global Compact as principal in principal-agent relation in the international regime.
Women’s empowerment model in home-based industries in East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Susanti Emy , Mas'udah Siti
Published: January 2018

This study aimed to classify the role of women, gender and characteristics of home-based industries that were managed by women in two cities of East Java Province. This study also tried to identify strengths, weaknesses and challenges faced by these women, especially impoverished women. The research employed qualitative method supported by quantitative data. The data collected through structured interviews guided by questionnaires and indepth interviews. Three main results were attained. First, it was related to the characteristics of women workers, the role of multi-burdened women, the flexible working hours, formal education but unrelated to work, and low income but still importantly needed to support economic condition. Second, three networks were found: network between manager/owner and workers that was informal and family-oriented, network between managers and local government for marketing and training, and network with the private sector for access to capital and business development. Third, the model of empowering small home-based industries should consider the specific needs of women. In other words, there is a requisite for practical and strategic gender needs that has to be comprehended and become the basis for the planning and development to conduct activities and programs for women.
Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Test of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) from Chicken Eggshell against Lactobacillus acidophilus Bacteria
Authors: Wadu Imelda , Soetjipto Hartati , Cahyanti Margareta Novian
Published: January 2018

The purposes of this study were to characterize Hydroxyapatite (HAp) bioceramics which synthesized from local chicken and broiler eggshell using FTIR, and to determine HAp antibacterial activity with the highest content of calcium-phosphate (HAp from broiler chicken eggshell) using paper disc method. Characterization of HAp from local chicken eggshell using FTIR showed peaks for PO43- functional group on the wavelength 1040.08, 608.46 and 568.67 cm-1; OH- functional group on the wavelength 3426.39 and 2880.46 cm-1; CO2 functional group on the wavelength 2142.91 cm-1; and CO32- functional group on the wavelength 1653.64 cm-1. Whereas broiler chicken eggshell HAp showed peaks for PO43- functional group on the wavelength 1044.40, 604.13 and 568.66 cm-1; OH- functional group on the wavelength 3419.61 and 2838.35 cm-1; CO2 functional group on the wavelength 2086.69 cm-1; and CO32- functional group on the wavelength 1653.64 cm-1. HAp antibacterial activity test against caries bacteria L. acidophilus gives the positive results either for the lowest test dose (5μg/μL) or the highest test dose (75μg/μL), which was characterized by the formation of diameter inhibitory area 22.93±0,066 and 33.08±0,031 mm (strong category of >20 mm), respectively. The characterization of HAp from local chicken and broiler chicken eggshell using FTIR confirmed the presence of HAp compounds, and the antibacterial activity test result of HAp synthesized from broiler chicken eggshell indicates a positive and strong antibacterial power.
On-Chip FRET Graphene Aptasensor
Authors: Ueno Yuko , Furukawa Kazuaki ,   NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation  3-1 Morinosato, Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan,   Meisei University, Tokyo, Japan
Published: January 2018

We review the recent advances in the use of our originally developed on-chip graphene aptasensor to detect biologically important proteins, such as cancer markers. The detection mechanism, based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), occurs at a graphene–biomolecule interface. In our system, the graphene surface is modified with a pyrene–aptamer–dye probe. Pyrene functions as a linker to the graphene surface, the aptamer as a probe for selective protein recognition, and the dye as a fluorescence detection tag. Here, graphene behaves simultaneously as both an efficient acceptor for FRET over the entire visible region and as a strong adsorbate for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), such as aptamers, via π-π interactions in the sp2 domain. The system allows us to perform molecular detection on a solid surface, which is advantageous for realizing on-chip sensors. Such on-chip sensors allow parallel analysis systems, such as array sensors. This enables the quantitative comparison of different samples by forming a multichannel configuration and/or a micropattern with different probes. Moreover, detecting the target protein is possible simply by adding a sample of less than 1 μL to the on-chip sensor; detection is completed in approximately 1 min. Aptasensors can be used for the detection of many different targets simply by replacing the aptamers. The simultaneous detection of multiple target molecules on a single chip using a 2 × 3 linear-array aptasensor was demonstrated here. Improved sensitivity was observed when a DNA spacer was incorporated into the aptamer, demonstrating that the probe can be modified in interesting ways.
In VitroDiagnostic Device with a Bio-Coupled Gate Field Effect Transistor
Authors: Sakata Toshiya ,   Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Published: January 2018

In this study, we report a simple and rapid biosensing method for the analysis andin vitromonitoring of biological processes, including DNAbinding events, antigen-antibody interactions, and cellular functions, using a semiconductor device. Most biological phenomena involve cell-cell communication processes that are mediated by the transport of sodium or potassium ions and other charged biomolecules, such as DNA, across ion channels in the cell membrane. Therefore, our approach focused on the direct detection of changes in ion concentrations by utilizing a semiconductor-based biosensor device. Our results demonstrated that our semiconductor-based biosensor platform achieves label-free and noninvasive biosensing that is suitable forin vitrodiagnosis.
V-Trench Biosensor: Microfluidic Plasmonic Biosensing Platform
Authors: Ashiba Hiroki ,   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
Published: January 2018

A V-trench biosensor is a sensitive biosensing platform utilizing fluorescence enhancement induced by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Instruments for the SPR-assisted fluorescence assays, which were complicated and bulky, are drastically simplified and miniaturized by employing sensor chips equipped with prism-integrated microfluidic channels. In this review, the working principle, sensor design, and examples of virus detection of the V-trench biosensor are presented.
Terahertz Plasmonics and Nano-Carbon Electronics for Nano-Micro Sensing and Imaging
Authors: Deng Xiangying , Kawano Yukio ,   Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan,   Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Published: January 2018

Sensing and imaging with THz waves is an active area of modern research in optical science and technology. There have been a number of studies for enhancing THz sensing technologies. In this paper, we review our recent development of THz plasmonic structures and carbon-based THz imagers. The plasmonic structures have strong possibilities of largely increasing detector sensitivity because of their outstanding properties of high transmission enhancement at a subwavelength aperture and local field concentration. We introduce novel plasmonic structures and their performance, including a Si-immersed bull’s-eye antenna and multi-frequency bull’s-eye antennas. The latter part of this paper explains carbon-based THz detectors and their applications in omni-directional flexible imaging. The use of carbon nanotube films has led to a room-temperature, flexible THz detector and has facilitated the visualization of samples with three-dimensional curvatures. The techniques described in this paper can be used effectively for THz sensing and imaging on a micro- and nano-scale.
Genetic variations among white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) isolates from shrimp farms in Gujarat, north-west coast of India
Authors: Patil Prasanna Kumar , Solanki Haresh G. , Otta Subhendu Kumar , Patel Krishna , Saravanan P. , Chavali Gopal , Pillai Madhusudanan S.
Published: January 2018

The present paper documents the molecular diagnosis and genotyping of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) isolates collected from different shrimp farms of Gujarat, north-west coast of India. Preliminary diagnosis was done using singletube PCR and genotyping of isolates by analysis of variable number tandem repeat sequence (VNTRS) in minisatellites viz., ORF 94, ORF 125, ORF 75 and ORF 75 flank. Out of the 79 samples analysed, 32 (33.80%) were positive with low (54.17%), medium (8.33%) and high (37.50%) severity of infection. Genotyping, using ORF 94 revealed that repeat units (RUs) 4 and 11 were the most frequent ones (32%) while ORF 125 showed 5 different repeat types of which RU 5 was the most common (45.83%). Two genotypes were observed for ORF 75, one showed multiple repeats of two 45 bp, followed by a 57 bp, whereas the other showed two repeats that included 5 and 4 repeats of 45 bp. Sequence analysis of the 54 bp variable sequence of ORF 94 RU type 4 revealed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at 47th base. Based on the results from ORF94, dominance of RU types 11or 4 were recorded for the first time in India and one sample showed 2 bands of different sizes indicating the prevalence of two different genotypes infecting the same pond at a given time. Further, no correlation could be observed between the virus genotype and the severity of the mortality in the outbreaks. The results suggest the widespread occurrence of WSSV in the region and circulation of distinct virus genotypes.
Investigations on mineral content in warty crab Eriphia verrucosa (Forskal, 1775) from the Rize Coast of Black Sea, Turkey
Authors: Caglak Emre , Karsli Barıs
Published: January 2018

This study investigated the seasonal variations in mineral content of edible parts of male and female warty crab Eriphia verrucosa (Forskal, 1775) distributed along Rize Coast of Black Sea and compared the same with the limit values of mineral content for human consumption set by various national and international standards. The contents of Al, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni and P estimated during the present study did not exceed the limit values as per the national and international standards. However, Pb (0.25-0.70 mg kg-1), Se (0.29-0.75 mg kg-1) and Zn (43.86-72.59 mg kg-1) contents were found to be above the limit values. In terms of daily consumption values, it was found that, Al (1.86-3.35 mg kg-1), B (2.17-3.65 mg kg-1), Fe (2.80-6.44 mg kg-1) and Mo (0.01-0.02 mg kg-1) contents were within the limits as per all standards; while Ca, Cd, Cr, K, Mg, Mn, Na and P contents were above the limits prescribed by certain standards and Cu, Pb, Se and Zn contents were above the limits as per all the standards Most mineral contents of female crabs were higher than those of the males. Additionally, mineral content of the crabs was observed to increase during summer compared to other seasons.
Occurrence of white spot syndrome virus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in brackishwater shrimp culture systems of Sundarban, West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Sanjoy , Ghoshal Tapas Kumar , Biswas Gouranga
Published: January 2018

White spot disease (WSD) and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) are two important and highly fatal diseases of cultured shrimps. The occurrence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was found to be very high in brackishwateraquaculture systems of Sundarban area in West Bengal, with 40.6% of the samples being positive of which 18.75% being positive in the first step PCR. The prevalence of WSSV in traditional and semi-intensive culture systems was foundas 59.3 and 27%, respectively. On the other hand, presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected in 53.1, 55.5 and 75.9% of the shrimp, water and soil samples, respectively. All the isolates of V. parahaemolyticus contained toxR gene as detected by PCR. However, none of the isolates was realised as AHPND causing isolate by PCR. Moreover, tdh gene, which causes gastroenteritis in human beings, was also not detected in any of the isolates. The present study indicated that WSSV is the major cause of crop failure in the brackishwater shrimp culture systems of Sundarban, India. Although,V. parahaemolyticus is highly prevalent in brackishwater shrimp culture systems of Sundarban, strains causing gastroenteritis or AHPND were not detected during the present study.
Reproductive biology of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) in the trawl grounds along the north-east coast of India
Authors: Rao M. V. Hanumantha , Ghosh Shubhadeep , Sreeramulu K. , Mahesh V. U. , Kumar M. Satish , Muktha M.
Published: January 2018

The reproductive biology of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) along the north-east coast of India was studied during 2012-2015 based on samples from the trawl landings at Digha, Paradeep, Visakhapatnam and Kakinada. Adults dominated the landings. Significant contribution by females was observed in most months of the year. Size at first maturity for females was 15.1 cm. Peak spawning season was during August to February and September to March in the northern and southern regions. Maturity and gonado-somatic index (GSI) were found to correlate well with sea surface temperature (SST). Fecundity increased with length and weight and varied from 13,176 to 1,30,798. Ova diameter distribution indicated the species to be a multiple/batch spawner.
Entrepreneurship based empowerment among fisherwomen self help groups of Kerala
Authors: Salas Shalumol , Ojha S. N. , Ramasubramanian V. , Vipinkumar V. P. , Ananthan P. S.
Published: January 2018

The present study was conducted to analyse the extent of empowerment achieved by fisherwomen through participation in the entrepreneurial activities of self help groups (SHGs) functioning in the fisheries sector. Data were collected from 180 SHG members in the Kollam, Ernakulam and Kasargod districts of Kerala. Aquaculture (55.5%) and value addition of fish (45.5%) were the entrepreneurial activities adopted by fisherwomen SHGs. Empowerment level of each SHG member was quantified by modifying the existing empowerment dimensions into an Empowerment Index (EI), consisting of 8 sub-dimensions. Extent of empowerment was found out by taking the difference of empowerment index before and after joining the SHG. Among the eight empowerment dimensions, higher difference was observed in confidence building (0.43) followed by economic empowerment (0.42) and decision making pattern (0.41). The study revealed that the levelof involvement in entrepreneurial activity has increased the empowerment in terms of confidence building, self-esteem, decision making pattern, psychological and economic empowerment. However, the existing fisheries extension interventions through extension contact and training were found to be associated with only self esteem and psychological empowerment.Therefore, new and innovative extension interventions are suggested in the paper to influence other sub-dimensions like economic empowerment, confidence building and decision making pattern.
Incidence of Ciguatoxin fish poisoning in Trivandrum, India
Authors: Rajisha R. , Kishore Pankaj , Panda Satyen Kumar , Harikrishnan G. , Ajitha K. C. , Suresh M. K. , Chowdhury Labrechai Mog , Ravishankar C. N. , Ashok Kumar K.
Published: January 2018

Ciguatoxin (CTX) is a visibly unidentifiable, colourless, odourless, heat stable and lipid soluble polyether marine biotoxin associated with human illness. Marine dinoflagellates under the genus Gambierdiscus are responsible for producingciguatoxins (CTX). The ciguatoxin gets accumulated in herbivorous fishes, gets biotransformed in carnivorous fishes and finally reach fish consumers. In January 2016, individuals who consumed red snapper in Trivandrum, Kerala, India weresuspected to be intoxicated with ciguatera based on characteristic symptoms as assessed by medical team from Trivandrum Medical College, Kerala, India. The red snapper species was identified and confirmed as Lutjanus bohar by DNA barcoding. Mouse bioassay was carried out to detect the presence of ciguatoxin and the tested mice showed symptoms related to suspected CTX toxicity. Significantly higher level of ciguatoxin lethal dose was estimated which was found equivalent to 16.25 ng of CTX-1 which led to 13% of weight loss in tested mice. Medical professionals also investigated clinical manifestations of suspected toxicity in hospitalised individuals. This study indicated that there is a need for regular surveillance of seafood landed across the coast and consumer’s awareness for their safety.
Comparative efficiency of fish trap with different funnel designs
Authors: Arunjenish D. , Neethiselvan N. , Sundaramoorthy B. , Jawahar P. , Ravikumar T.
Published: January 2018

The efficiency of four different funnel designs viz., rectangular, oval, heart-in and circular shaped funnels were tested in a serial collapsible fish trap through fishing trials conducted in a coastal fishing ground off Mandapam in Tamil Nadu, south-west coast of India. A total of 24 fishing operations were carried out. Significant difference in overall catch rate of experimental trap with respect to funnel designs could be observed (p<0.05). Among four types of funnels tested with the constant rear end funnel perimeter of 560 mm, traps with oval funnel caught more number of fishes (121 nos. in 24 soaking days) than those fitted with rectangular, heart-in shaped and circular type of funnels with 37; 82 and 70 nos. in 24 soaking days respectively. The study revealed that oval shaped funnel was superior to the other funnel designs with 560 mm circumference.
Over‐Fertilization Does Not Build Soil Test Phosphorus and Potassium in Ohio
Authors: Fulford Anthony M. , Culman Steve W.
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Corn and soybean yield seldom responded to P and K fertilization over 9 yr.

Soil test P and soil test K significantly decreased from values initially in the recommended maintenance range.

Corn Leaf P and Leaf K was often below the sufficiency concentration.

Appropriate P and K fertilizer recommendations for corn (Zea maysL.) and soybean [(Glycine max(L.) Merr.] in Ohio are essential, as water quality and nutrient management issues in the region have intensified over the last several years. The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate corn and soybean grain yield response to P and K fertilization, (ii) examine soil test phosphorus (STP) and potassium (STK) and corn Leaf P and Leaf K trends, and (iii) compare the ability of soil and leaf tissue testing to reflect corn and soybean response to fertilization. We evaluated three P and K fertilizer rates, no fertilizer (0×), an estimated nutrient removal rate (1×), and twice the estimated nutrient removal rate (2×), in corn–soybean rotations at three sites over 9 yr. Grain yield was generally non‐responsive to P and K fertilization, with only 9 of 42 site‐years yielding significantly positive responses. Soil test P and K started in the maintenance range, but significantly declined with the 1× rate at two of three sites for P and at all sites for K. Furthermore, the 2× rate of P and K failed to build STP and STK at any site, with significant declines at one site. The results revealed an inability to maintain initial STP and STK levels with the 1× rate and call into question the suitability of current fertilizer P and K recommendations aimed at maintaining STP and STK. These recommendations require updating to better reflect fertilizer needs of modern corn and soybean.
Potassium, Sulfur, and Liming Value of Ash Co‐Product from Corn Stover Processing for Ethanol Production
Authors: Groenenboom Samuel J. , Mallarino Antonio P.
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Residue from using corn stover for ethanol production is being used to produce energy.

Burning of organic and mineral residue produces ash with unknown soil amendment value.

Crop and soil measurements showed ash K, S, liming value is similar to common sources.

Ash results from the processing of corn (Zea mays L.) stover for ethanol production and subsequent combustion to produce electricity. However, the potential value of this ash as a soil amendment has not been fully evaluated. Preliminary chemical analyses of the ash obtained for this study showed potential to raise soil pH and supply K and S. This potential was evaluated at two Iowa fields comparing ash with KCl fertilizer, gypsum, and CaCO3. Three 2‐yr separate K, S, and lime trials were established at each site, where several rates of each material were applied only the first year. Corn was planted in 2014 and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in 2015. Soil samples (15‐cm depth) were taken at the V6 growth stage of each crop and after crop harvest for analyses of pH, soil‐test K, and extractable SO4–2. Leaf samples were taken at the corn R1 growth stage and soybean R3 growth stage for analyses of total K and S. There were large K effects on grain yield, soil‐test K, and leaf K concentration but no differences between the K sources. First‐year soil SO4–2 at the V6 corn growth stage and leaf S at the corn R1 stage showed that S supplied by the ash was less than for gypsum, but other measurements were inconclusive as of differences between the S sources. The ash had liming value comparable to pure CaCO3.
AVAIL Phosphorus Fertilizer Enhancer: Meta‐Analysis of 503 Field Evaluations
Authors: Hopkins Bryan G. , Fernelius Kaitlynn J. , Hansen Neil C. , Eggett Dennis L.
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Meta‐analysis shows a significant yield increase of 2.1% with AVAIL+P fertilizer.

Many AVAIL studies were not conducted under P responsive conditions.

Likelihood of response increases with low soil test P and P rate and extreme pH.

Average yield response increases to 4.6% when only likely to respond sites included.

Enhanced efficiency fertilizer should be evaluated under P responsive conditions.

AVAIL, a maleic‐itaconic copolymer acid marketed to enhance P fertilizers, has been studied on a variety of crop species. Data from all known field studies comparing P fertilization with and without AVAIL was amassed into a meta‐analysis of 503 field observations. The average yield increase was a modest, although statistically significant, 2.1% (P < 0.0001). However, only 116 of these observations were conducted under conditions where a positive yield response to a P enhancement product would be expected– that is, low soil test phosphorus (STP), strong alkaline or acid pH, and low P fertilizer rate. As such, the data was parsed into a subset of only those observations that were evaluated under responsive conditions, resulting in a greater magnitude of a yield response to AVAIL at 4.6% (P < 0.0001). Further parsing of the data, by eliminating any data not published in refereed or thesis/dissertation sources resulted in an average increase of 5.8% (P = 0.0039). AVAIL effectively increased yields when used appropriately under conditions where a P response was expected. Testing enhanced efficiency fertilizer products in a variety of conditions is useful, but the conclusions from the multitude of studies with AVAIL in environments where no response to P fertilizer enhancement product would be expected may lead to erroneous conclusions if the data is not further parsed and categorized. These data demonstrate the importance of applying fundamental soil fertility principles when designing and evaluating fertilizer crop response studies.
Wheat Yield and Yield Stability of Eight Dryland Crop Rotations
Authors: Nielsen David C. , Vigil Merle F.
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Wheat yields are greater following fallow than following crops.

The most stable systems are WF(NT), WF(CT), and WMF.

The least stable systems are WCMF, WM, and WCF.

The probability of obtaining a yield less than 1500 kg ha‐1 is low for wheat after fallow.

Risk‐averse farmers wishing to intensify a WF system should consider WMF.

The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow (WF) dryland production system employed in the Central Great Plains has evolved in the past 40 yr to include a diversity of other crops, with a reduction in fallow frequency. Wheat remains the base crop for essentially all cropping systems. Decisions to change a farming system benefit from information about average wheat yields, yield stability, and probabilities of obtaining a specified minimum wheat yield. The objective of this experiment was to quantify wheat yields, yield stability, and the probability of obtaining a specified minimum yield in eight dryland rotational systems varying in cropping intensity. The study was conducted over a 24‐yr period at Akron, CO. Yield stability was characterized with six stability measures. The probability of obtaining a yield less than 1500 kg ha−1 was also calculated for each rotation. Wheat yields were greatest in rotations where wheat followed a fallow period and least where wheat followed millet production. Rotations ranked from most stable to least stable wheat production (averaged over the six stability measures) were WF(NT), WF(CT), WMF, WCMP, WCM, WCMF, WM, and WCF. The probability of producing <1500 kg ha−1 was very low for rotations with wheat following fallow (about 0.03) and much higher for wheat following pea (0.35) or millet (0.48–0.58). The study results identified the WMF rotation as an intensified rotation with relatively high average wheat yields and yield stability.
Winter Wheat Yield Gaps and Patterns in China
Authors: Sun Shuang , Yang Xiaoguang , Lin Xiaomao , Sassenrath Gretchen F. , Li Kenan
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Based on yield gap analysis, wheat yield can be improved significantly in China.

Both actual and potential wheat yields showed considerable spatial variability.

Winter wheat yields increased in 53% of the counties in China.

Nearly half of the counties experienced impaired wheat yields.

Declining solar radiation and increasing temperature reduce wheat yield.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield stagnation has been reported in some regions of the world. China is the largest producer of wheat across the globe, but the pattern of its wheat yield stagnation remains poorly addressed. Here, our goal is to examine the temporal trends and spatial patterns of wheat yields along with possible causes based on a comprehensive assessment of winter wheat yield throughout China over the 31‐yr period from 1980 to 2010. Combined with the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) wheat model, we assessed the winter wheat yield gaps and patterns in 1414 counties and at five physiogeographic regional scales across China to ascertain the driving factors of yield variations. Wheat yields increased in 53% of the 1414 counties, but the remaining counties experienced yields that never improved, stagnated, or collapsed from 1980 to 2010. The yield gap analysis showed that actual yields represented only 59% of the national average yield potential, indicating a substantial opportunity to improve winter wheat yields. Relatively larger yield gaps were observed in the northern China Plain (NC, 47%) and in southwestern China (SW, 45%). Although the yield gaps in these regions were accompanied by significantly progressive uptrends of actual yields, our results suggest that agronomic management could be further improved. Moreover, underperforming regions could potentially benefit from new investments and strategies to reliably increase actual yields and reverse trends in stagnation in winter wheat performance.
Seed Yield and Quality of Transgenic High‐Oleic and Conventional Soybean as Influenced by Foliar Manganese Application
Authors: Alt Douglas , Ng Sin Joe , Grusenmeyer John , Lindsey Laura E.
Published: January 2018

Manganese deficiency in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] reduces seed yield and alters the oil profile. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar Mn fertilizer on seed yield, protein and oil concentration, and the oil profile of transgenic high‐oleic soybean (‘Plenish’) and soybean with a normal oil profile (referred to here as “conventional”). Research trials were established in 2014 and 2015 at two locations in Ohio. Treatments included soybean cultivar (four to six Plenish cultivars and two conventional cultivars) and foliar Mn fertilizer application at the R3 soybean growth stage (none, Mn–SO4, and Mn–EDTA). In 2014, the Mn–SO4 application increased soybean seed yield by 140 kg ha‐1 at the Wood County location where soybean plants were deficient in Mn. Although Mn‐SO4 also supplies S, no S deficiencies were detected. At the other three site‐years, soybean seed yield was not affected by Mn application. Manganese application did not influence the oil or protein content of the soybean seed or alter the oil profile. The high‐oleic cultivars produced similar yield to the conventional cultivars at the Wood County location both years. In 2014 and 2015 at the Clark County location, the high‐oleic cultivars yielded 410 and 270 kg ha‐1 less than cultivars with a conventional oil profile, respectively. Plenish soybean cultivars did not need to be managed differently from the conventional soybean cultivars tested in terms of Mn foliar application.
New Alleles of FAD3A Lower the Linolenic Acid Content of Soybean Seeds
Authors: Thapa Rima , Carrero‐Colón Militza , Addo‐Quaye Charles , Held James , Dilkes Brian , Hudson Karen A.
Published: January 2018

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the most important sources of plant‐based oil worldwide. Linolenic acid is associated with undesirable flavors and poor stability in soybean oil. Partial hydrogenation is typically used to reduce the levels of linolenic acid in soybean oil; however, this process results in the production of trans fatty acids. Studies have shown a link between increased risk of coronary heart disease and trans fatty acids present in hydrogenated oils. Thus, it is crucial to seek out genetic strategies to develop soybean lines with lower linolenic acid. To identify novel and useful alleles that could help reduce levels of linolenic acid in soybean, we screened a chemically mutagenized population. Three lines with reduced levels of linolenic acid in seed were identified. Mutant lines contained 3.8 to 4.5% of the total fatty acids as linolenic acid and carried independent mutations in the FAD3A gene encoding a desaturase responsible for the conversion of linoleic acid to linolenic acid in soybean seeds. To track the mutant alleles in a segregating population, allele specific markers were developed and the genetic association was confirmed with the reduced level of linolenic acid. These soybean lines will serve as a source of reduced linolenic acid to meet the breeding objectives of providing improved soybean lines.
Nitrogen Mineralization as Affected by Temperature in Calcareous Soils Receiving Repeated Applications of Dairy Manure
Authors: Cassity-Duffey Kate B. , Moore Amber , Satterwhite Megan , Leytem April
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Prediction of N mineralization is dependent on accurate rate correction factors and the ratio of the change of the rate coefficient of mineralization for every increase in temperature of 10°C (Q10) based on temperatures observed in the region.

Few studies have investigated N mineralization in soils receiving repeated applications of manures at low temperatures.

This study determined that manure additions may lead to larger Q10 values at low temperatures and growing degree‐days may aid in predicting N release from these soils.

There are currently no tools available to help predict N mineralization for the silty soils found in southern Idaho receiving repeated manure applications. This experiment aimed to determine the effect of temperature on N mineralization from control and manured soils, develop N mineralization rate correction factors for temperature [ratio of the change in the rate coefficient of mineralization for every 10°C increase (Q10) and temperature factors], and create a simple model for predicting N mineralization as a function of growing degree‐days. Manured and control soils underwent a 49‐d laboratory incubation at five temperatures (–14, 4, 10, 23, and 30°C); soil inorganic N concentration was determined at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 13, 20, 28, 35, 42, and 49 d. Net N mineralization was fitted to a zero‐order model, where the rate coefficient (k) values for the manured soil ranged from 0.017 to 1.28 mg kg–1 soil d–1 over the five temperature treatments, whereas k in the control measured 0.028 to 0.53 mg kg–1 soil d–1. The calculated Q10 values from –14 to 30°C were 2.7 and 2.0 for the manured and control soils respectively. At low temperatures (–14 to 4°C), the Q10 for manured soil was 5.1 compared with 1.5 for the control. This suggests that manure additions may lower the temperature threshold for N mineralization under near frozen soil conditions. Manure treatment effects on the temperature factor were not observed, suggesting that manure application history may not need to be considered when developing temperature factor coefficients for N mineralization models.