bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motivações para o Empreendedorismo: Necessidade e Oportunidade
Authors: Bandeira Paulo Vitor Ribeiro , Silva Thiago Sousa
Published: June 2023

O empreendedorismo é o processo de criar, desenvolver e gerenciar um negócio, assumindo riscos financeiros e pessoais. Pode ser classificado em dois tipos principais: empreendedorismo por necessidade e empreendedorismo por oportunidade. O índice elevado de novos empreendedores que surgem a cada ano tem impulsionado diversos estudos sobre esta temática. Assim, este estudo objetivou apontar os fatores que agem como incentivadores para empreender e a relação de empreendedorismo por oportunidade ou necessidade. Para tanto traçou-se a seguinte problemática: Quais as motivações para o empreendedorismo? O que é o empreendedorismo por necessidade e por oportunidade? Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de caráter sistemático para a promoção de um estudo básico, exploratório e qualitativo fundamentado em artigos científicos e demais produções científico-acadêmicas na base de dados da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), no período de 2012 a 2022. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionadas 10 publicações. Observou-se que, nos últimos anos, ainda há poucas publicações que envolvem o tema. Os resultados indicam que os motivos para empreender vão além da lógica binária oportunidade versus necessidade, incluindo: oportunidade, realizações pessoais, insatisfação com emprego, falta de oportunidade no mercado de trabalho, família e influência externa. Assim, tanto a motivação por necessidade quanto a motivação por oportunidade podem levar ao sucesso do empreendedorismo, basta ter preparo para tal.
Modelagem Numérica do Sistema Aquífero Içá-Solimões para Fins de Disponibilidade e Demanda Hídrica da Província Petrolífera de Urucu, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Galvao Paulo , Demétrio José Geilson Alves , Souza Eliene Lopes de , Baessa Marcus Martins , Baessa Marcus Martins
Published: May 2023

As águas subterrâneas desempenham um papel essencial no ciclo hidrológico da região amazônica, constituindo uma reserva significativa de água de alta qualidade, utilizável para diversos fins. No entanto, dados hidrogeológicos na região são ainda escassos, com estudos concentrados particularmente em centros mais urbanizados. Na Província Petrolífera de Urucu, município de Coari/AM, onde está instalada a Base Operacional Geólogo Pedro de Moura (BOGPM), da Petrobras, estudos realizados na área já caracterizaram hidrogeologicamente os aquíferos locais revelando um cenário hidrogeológico complexo, devido ao Sistema Aquífero Içá-Solimões (SAIS). Apesar dessas informações, são necessários estudos mais aprofundados para entender como a água subterrânea pode ser usada de forma sustentável para atender as demandas futuras da BOGPM, garantindo a sustentabilidade hídrica. O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar o impacto da explotação de água subterrânea para abastecimento das unidades na área na BOGPM, por meio da primeira modelagem numérica em diferenças finitas (MODFLOW) do SAIS, a fim de realizar um balanço entre disponibilidade e demanda hídrica, considerando os usos atuais e futuros. Dois cenários foram simulados: 1) impacto do bombeamento dos poços atuais pelos próximos vinte anos; e 2) dobrando a vazão adotada no cenário anterior. Os resultados indicam que o SAIS ainda está no início de sua explotação, pois as descargas, mesmo em cenários mais severos, representam menos de 1% da infiltração simulada, indicando que o bombeamento está sendo realizado dentro das condições de sustentabilidade.
3D Scene Modeling Method and Feasibility Analysis of River Water-Land Integration
Authors: Ruan Xiaoguang , Yang Fanghao , Guo Meijing , Zou Chao
Published: May 2023

Aiming at the problem of rapid construction of a river three-dimensional 3D scene, this article integrates remote sensing, 3D modeling, and CityEngine technology to construct a 3D scene model reconstruction method of river water-land integration. The method includes intelligent extraction
of underwater topography, refined modeling of hydraulic structures, and construction of a water-land integrated real scene model. Based on this method, the high-fidelity land-underwater seamless digital terrain and the water-land 3D real scene models can be formed. Through experiments, the
feasibility and limitations of this method are verified. It can effectively extract the shallow underwater terrain of inland rivers, and the overall accuracy of the study area is less than 2 m. The performance of the seamless fusion 3D terrain is better than the public digital elevation model
data set. In the inland basin of Class I to II water quality, it can meet the needs of intelligent perception of a river- and lake-integrated 3D scene model.
Development of Marketing Tools to Raise Funds for Green Projects. Experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: BOKAYEV Zhanobek , KAISHATAYEVA Assel , DZHULAMANOV Tair , AISIN Marat , MAUKENOVA Altynaу
Published: June 2023

The large-scale implementation of climate protection projects, the latest resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, and ecological construction measures for the green growth of national economies requires sound financial backing. The mobilization of financial resources for investment and innovation in the environmental area is currently carried out through increased operational activity on the part of banking institutions to stimulate the implementation of green projects along the principles of environmental and socially responsible financing. The development of the green investment market entails the emergence of new innovative marketing services, green investment marketing, which raises the need to develop the respective theoretical and methodological provisions of its use. The study demonstrates that the primary goals of green investment marketing are: the popularization and promotion of green investment among potential stakeholders to attract additional funds for the implementation of measures to achieve the indicative sustainable development goals; the provision of stakeholders with reliable, complete, up-to-date, and credible marketing information on green financial market trends, the structure and dynamics of demand for green investments, and the priorities of corporate and private investors; the development of an effective set of marketing communications to ensure the targeted promotion of green investments.
Research of the Process of Ozonation and Sorption Filtration of Natural and Anthropogenicly Pollated Waters
Authors: ABDYKADYROVk Askar , MARXULYk Sunggat , BAIKENZHEYEVA Aigul , BAKYT Gabit , ABDULLAYEV Seidulla , KUTTYBAYEVA Ainur Ermekkalievna
Published: June 2023

This scientific research work is written based on the problem of studying the process of ozonation and sorption filtration of natural and anthropogenically polluted waters. Scientific research work of our country is diverse It was prepared in the laboratory of water ozonation, and purification technology and equipment of Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K. I. Satbayev based on long-term research conducted in cities and regions. The current state of ozonation equipment and active carbon production is considered in the research work. The scientific research work is intended to solve problems and tasks related to the use of ozonation and sorption water purification methods for employees of the sector of quality water supply and water treatment. In addition, the research work is devoted to the problems of water purification using ozone. Provides general information about the properties of ozone, its interaction with inorganic and organic compounds. The main methods of obtaining ozone, the effect of design parameters on the efficiency of ozonators are shown. The main domestic and foreign manufacturers of ozonation equipment are presented. In the research paper, considering the effectiveness of removing various organic and inorganic pollutants of natural and anthropogenic origin, microbiological pollutants, the authors' long-term research on purification and disinfection of natural waters are systematized. Production experience of using ozone in foreign and Kazakh water facilities, as well as in local water treatment plants is presented.
A Sustainable Dairy Industry in Kazakhstan. Enterprises’ Insights Upon Environment Management and Innovation
Authors: AKHMEDYAROV Yerbol , KURMANOV Nurlan , PETROVA Mariana , ISKENDIROVA Saule , ASHIMOVA Indira , АKZHANOVA Gulzira
Published: June 2023

This research paper debates some issues concerning a sustainable dairy industry in Kazakhstan in straight relation with environment management and innovation management. The qualitative and quantitative growth of the dairy industry, the production of milk and dairy products, increasing the profitability of production is based on the active use of the innovative component. Environmental factors and other issues as profitability decrease of production, the risks of not mastering innovations make this industry subsidized and unattractive for attracting investment. In order to assure the sustainable functioning of the dairy industry, mechanisms are needed to improve the implementation of priority areas for its innovative development, to ensure a decrease in the volume of imports of dairy products. The active use of environmentally friendly technologies that reduce the negative impact on soil and water, as well as technologies and infrastructure for the disposal of animal by-products, should become the basis for the sustainable development of the dairy industry.
Arithmetic of Châtelet surface bundles revisited
Authors: Hu Guang , Liang Yongqi
Published: May 2023

We study the arithmetic of algebraic varieties defined over number fields by applying Lagrange interpolation to fibrations.
Assuming the finiteness of the Tate–Shafarevich group of a certain elliptic curve, we show, for Châtelet surface bundles over curves, that the violation of Hasse principle being accounted for by the Brauer–Manin obstruction is not invariant under an arbitrary finite extension of the ground field.
Wie aus Teutschland Deutschland wurde. Die Bedeutung der Reichspublizistik für die Entwicklung der deutschen Hochsprache
Authors: Burgdorf Wolfgang
Published: May 2023

Es ist eine weitverbreitete Auffassung, dass die moderne deutsche Hochsprache durch die Bibelübersetzung Martin Luthers entstanden sei. Tatsächlich war jedoch die Reichspublizistik, also Drucke von Reichs- und Kreisabschieden, Reichsgesetzen, kaiserlichen Dekreten, der Kanzleien der Reichsgerichte usw. sowie jener Literatur, die sich wissenschaftlich mit dem Reichsstaatsrecht beschäftigte, viel entscheidender, denn hier wurde Deutsch erstmals zur Wissenschaftssprache. In diesem Kontext wird geklärt, wie aus Teutschland Deutschland wurde.
On an inverse problem for a linearized system of Navier–Stokes equations with a final overdetermination condition
Authors: Jenaliyev Muvasharkhan T. , Bektemesov Maktagali A. , Yergaliyev Madi G.
Published: May 2023

The theory of inverse problems is an actively studied area of modern differential equation theory. This paper studies the solvability of the inverse problem for a linearized system of Navier–Stokes equations in a cylindrical domain with a final overdetermination condition. Our approach is to reduce the inverse problem to a direct problem for a loaded equation. In contrast to the well-known works in this field, our approach is to find an equation for a loaded term whose solvability condition provides the solvability of the original inverse problem. At the same time, the classical theory of spectral decomposition of unbounded self-adjoint operators is actively used. Concrete examples demonstrate that the assertions of our theorems naturally develop and complement the known results on inverse problems. Various cases are considered when the known coefficient on the right-hand side of the equation depends only on time or both on time and a spatial variable. Theorems establishing new sufficient conditions for the unique solvability of the inverse problem under consideration are proved.
Making Landscapes, Building Communities. A Journey along the Kopais Corridor in Boiotia
Authors: Beck Hans
Published: June 2023

This article explores how the narrow passageway along the southern shores of Lake Kopais evolved into a sacred landscape that provided space for the building of a political community among the inhabitants of ‘two Boiotias’. The Kopais corridor was a highway for the movement of people and ideas since the Late Bronze Age. Its high frequency of cult sites offered ample opportunity for the nourishing of sentiments of togetherness. The first section of this article surveys the key determinants in the relations between the two major cities on either end of the corridor, Orchomenos and Thebes, prior to the creation of their first federal union. This lays the groundwork for the second step of the analysis, when the article examines the local environment of the Kopais corridor. Revisiting its cult sites, the discussion delves into the experience of local place – each one distinct and with its own sacred aura, but lined up along a path and linked with other places. In conclusion, the findings are put in the wider context of storied environments and sacred landscapes in the Archaic Age. It will be argued that the union of the Boiotians was subject to the dynamics of sacred landscape making in the Kopais corridor, a dynamic that allowed the ethnos to relate to a space critical to its origins.
Polarization-independent isotropic metasurface with high refractive index, low reflectance, and high transmittance in the 0.3-THz band
Authors: Sato Kento , Suzuki Takehito
Published: May 2023

Metasurfaces substituted for naturally occurring materials make it possible to develop flat optics manipulating terahertz waves. However, the control of unprecedented material properties with metasurfaces frequently produces anisotropic material properties and has yet to be commonly adopted because of the limitation of functionalities as optical components. Here, we demonstrate an isotropic metasurface with polarization-independent material properties with the extremely high refractive index of 14.0 + j0.49, low reflectance of 1.0 %, and high transmittance of 86.9 % at 0.31 THz. Measurements by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) verify that the fabricated metasurface with a high refractive index, low reflectance, and high transmittance works for terahertz waves with any polarization direction and results in the unprecedented material characteristics with polarization independence. The relative permittivity and relative permeability are 13.9 – j1.4 and 13.8 + j2.3, respectively. The sum of the dielectric and magnetic energy losses must also be considered to verify the conservation of energy for metasurfaces. The sum of the dielectric and magnetic energy losses is very close to positive values and the conservation of energy is largely satisfied. The proposed metasurface would offer optical components with attractive functionalities such as wavefront control, directivity enhancement, and optical vortices for 6G communications.
Time-refraction optics with single cycle modulation
Authors: Lustig Eran , Segal Ohad , Saha Soham , Bordo Eliyahu , Chowdhury Sarah N. , Sharabi Yonatan , Fleischer Avner , Boltasseva Alexandra , Cohen Oren , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Segev Mordechai
Published: May 2023

We present an experimental study of optical time-refraction caused by time-interfaces as short as a single optical cycle. Specifically, we study the propagation of a probe pulse through a sample undergoing a large refractive index change induced by an intense modulator pulse. In these systems, increasing the refractive index abruptly leads to time-refraction where the spectrum of all the waves propagating in the medium is red-shifted, and subsequently blue-shifted when the refractive index relaxes back to its original value. We observe these phenomena in the single-cycle regime. Moreover, by shortening the temporal width of the modulator to ∼5–6 fs, we observe that the rise time of the red-shift associated with time-refraction is proportionally shorter. The experiments are carried out in transparent conducting oxides acting as epsilon-near-zero materials. These observations raise multiple questions on the fundamental physics occurring within such ultrashort time frames, and open the way for experimenting with photonic time-crystals, generated by periodic ultrafast changes to the refractive index, in the near future.
Structural peculiarities? Aperiodic crystals, modulated phases, composite structures
Authors: Schönleber Andreas
Published: May 2023

According to a general understanding, a crystal structure is defined by a lattice and the content of the unit cell of this lattice. As consequence a crystal exhibits three-dimensional periodicity with respect to the atoms. However, an increasing number of known crystal structures does not follow this idea of periodicity, but shows an aperiodic arrangement of its atoms. This group of so-called “aperiodic crystals” contains quasicrystals, modulated phases and composite structures. The latter two can be properly described within the higher-dimensional superspace approach to enable an accurate crystal-chemical analysis. Here the superspace is a mathematical tool, in which periodicity can be recovered in a higher-dimensional space. In the first part of this review the basic concept of periodic and aperiodic crystals is presented and similarities and differences of modulated phases, composite structures and quasicrystals are discussed. In a second part the higher-dimensional superspace approach is introduced in reciprocal and in direct space and the implementation of symmetry in superspace is reviewed. In the last part representative examples and the origin of aperiodicity in the crystal structures are discussed.
Revealing the structure–property relationship of all-silica zeolites for the carbon dioxide capture: a high throughput screening study
Authors: Xiuying Liu , Chen Hao , Yuan Junpeng , Huang Jilong , Li Xiaodong , Yu Jingxin
Published: May 2023

The structural parameters and performance evaluation metrics of 242 promising all-silica zeolites to rank and screen out the top candidates for CO2/N2 separation are obtained by using molecular simulations combined with high-throughput calculations. By setting the pore size range of the material, three top zeolites with the highest adsorption selectivity for CO2 molecules are screened to further investigate the adsorption and separation for CO2 and N2 molecules. The GCMC method was used to calculate the adsorption isotherm, heat of adsorption, adsorption selectivity and centroid distribution density under different feed ratios of CO2/N2 mixed components. The zeolite exhibits a high CO2 adsorption capacity with the maximum pore size of 4–8 Å, the surface area of 1400 m2/g and the pore volume of 0.2–0.4 cm3/g, and best adsorption selectivity for CO2 at the pore size of 4 Å and pore volume of 0.2 cm3/g in the CO2/N2 mixed systems. Zeolite has higher adsorption selectivity for CO2 with low amount of CO2, which is favorable for the removal of a small amount of CO2 molecules. The geometrical structure of the material plays an important role for the adsorption capacity and spatial distribution of the adsorbate molecules in all-silicon zeolites.
Modeling of Viscosity and Chemical Structure of Virgin and Aged Asphalt from Different Origins
Authors: Wu Cai , Fan Siyuan , Wang Zhaocheng , Han Zhaoming , Li Zhijun
Published: May 2023

Viscosity is a crucial rheological indicator of the flow behavior of asphalt binder that affects mixing process, pipeline transportation, and pavement compaction quality. Modeling the viscosity and chemical characteristics of asphalt has been a topic of interest. Herein, three asphalt binders of the same pen grade from different origins named Asphalt A, Asphalt B, and Asphalt C that differed significantly in viscosity were used. A solvent extraction separation experiment was applied to get a sufficient amount of virgin asphalt narrow fractions. A pressure aging vessel (PAV) test was conducted to collect aged asphalts with different aging degrees. Rotary viscosity measurements under different temperatures were conducted, and visco-flow activation energy (Ea) was calculated in accordance with the Arrhenius equation. Their chemical properties were analyzed by saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes fractions analysis, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The essential and quantifiable microstructure parameters affecting asphalt viscosity, including weight average molecular weight (Mw), which determines the dispersion interactions between asphalt molecules, carbonyl index (IC=O) and sulfoxide index (IS=O) represented as polar interactions, aromaticity index (fA) represented as pi–pi interactions, branching index, and average chain length (L), which reflect internal friction when asphalt molecules move, were found and multiple linear combination models were established to describe the relationship between Ea and chemical structure. Compared with the single parameter prediction model in the past, multiple linear combination models have a better prediction effect for asphalt with diverse molecular structures (R2 = 0.9692 for virgin asphalt and R2 = 0.9162 for aged asphalts). In addition, the increased amount in Mw, fA, IC=O, and IS=O after PAV aging led to corresponding viscosity increases especially for Asphalt A with high sulfur content.
Accounting for the Effect of Air Voids on Asphalt Mix Monotonic Cracking Testing Results
Authors: Alkuime Hamza , Kassem Emad , Al-Rousan Taleb , Mujalli Randa Oqab , Alshraiedeh Khaled A.
Published: May 2023

Various monotonic cracking resistance assessment tests and indicators of asphalt mixes have their own merits; however, they provide illogical interpretations of mix resistance to cracking under different air void (AV) contents. This study aims to investigate and address the limitations of the monotonic tests and indicators in evaluating the cracking resistance of asphalt mixes with different AV contents. The results show that the shape of the load-displacement curve, curve basic elements, and monotonic indicators are significantly sensitive to variation in AV content. However, the currently proposed correction ratios could not address this dependency of cracking assessment on AV content. This study therefore proposes and evaluates a new approach and correction ratios for monotonic tests and performance indicators. The results demonstrate that the newly proposed correction ratios could normalize the effect of AV content on the examined performance assessment indicators.
Exploring intersections and integration of sexual reproductive health and mental health among adolescents and young adults: Areas of collaboration and lessons learned
Authors: Abacan Allyssa , Raphael Meghna
Published: June 2023

This special issue of the Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic addresses mental health issues in the field of sexual and reproductive health. The goal is to highlight important overlaps between reproductive and gender health concerns and mental health symptomatology. The issue includes topics around social determinants of health and their effects on reproductive health; the reproductive health sequelae of eating disorders; mental health challenges faced by gender diverse youth and strategies to mitigate these effects; integration of sexual health services and mental health care; and lessons for mental health advocates from the sex education realm. This special issue features areas of intersectoral collaboration among public health, medical, and mental health professionals to positively impact patients’ holistic wellness.
Follow Friends One Hour a Day: Limiting Time on Social Media and Muting Strangers Improves Well-Being
Authors: Hunt Melissa G. , Xu Elisa , Fogelson Alissa , Rubens Julia
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Social media use is ubiquitous among young adults, and empirical research is increasingly suggesting that how it is used and how much time is spent using it have significant implications for psychological well-being and mental health. Most recent studies find that limiting but not eliminating social media has beneficial effects. Correlational findings suggest that following actual friends is beneficial, while following strangers can be harmful. Method: This study sought to test the impact of limiting time spent on social media as well as “muting” strangers on Instagram and eliminating TikTok use in an experimental paradigm. Results: Replicating prior studies, we found that limiting social media use to 60 minutes per day (versus unlimited use) led to reductions in depression, F(1,96) = 5.84, p = .018, for the most depressed participants. Moreover, limiting stranger content (by muting strangers on Instagram and eliminating TikTok use), in addition to limiting time, led to significant reductions in fear of missing out, F(2,138) = 4.806, p = .01, for the most depressed participants and to significant reductions in social comparison, F(2,138) = 4.367, p = .015. Discussion: In conclusion, it is not just how much time one spends on social media that matters to well-being, but how one uses that time and who one is interacting with.
The Sound of Silence: Engaging the Quiet Adolescent
Authors: Sheppe Alexander H.
Published: June 2023

Engaging the silent adolescent is a major psychotherapeutic challenge. This article presents a comprehensive approach to this problem, illustrated with clinical material. This approach emphasizes a careful diagnostic assessment, including an assessment of the patient's level of personality organization and capacities to participate in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Three approaches to the silent teenager are explored in depth: a mostly supportive approach focused on containment of maladaptive behaviors; a psychodynamic approach with supportive elements focused on demonstrating safety through humor, play, normalization, and self-disclosure while exploring the patient's automatic relationship patterns; and a psychodynamic approach using transference-focused psychotherapy for adolescents (TFP-A), aimed at effecting long-lasting changes in the patient's views of self and others and their characteristic ways of managing conflict and stress, with gradual movement from a tendency for controlling, protective silence to vulnerable, cooperative sharing.
Aula Feia: Ação Artística Propositiva Participativa e Coletiva
Authors: Paranhos Cláudia Da Silva
Published: May 2023

Os Objetos Bonecas Feias são a poética pela qual investigo questões estéticas referentes ao que se considera “belo ou feio” na arte e na sociedade. Enquanto artista e educadora, criei, a partir desses objetos, a ação artística propositiva e participativa Oficina de Bonecas Feias, em que o público interage criando a sua própria Boneca Feia. A experiência de um furto de meus equipamentos na véspera da realização de uma Oficina gerou a reflexão descrita neste artigo, à qual denominei de AULA FEIA.
Modulation of Visual Contrast Sensitivity with tRNS across the Visual System, Evidence from Stimulation and Simulation
Authors: Potok Weronika , Post Alain , Beliaeva Valeriia , Bächinger Marc , Cassarà Antonino Mario , Neufeld Esra , Polania Rafael , Kiper Daniel , Wenderoth Nicole
Published: June 2023

Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) has been shown to significantly improve visual perception. Previous studies demonstrated that tRNS delivered over cortical areas acutely enhances visual contrast detection of weak stimuli. However, it is currently unknown whether tRNS-induced signal enhancement could be achieved within different neural substrates along the retino-cortical pathway. In three experimental sessions, we tested whether tRNS applied to the primary visual cortex (V1) and/or to the retina improves visual contrast detection. We first measured visual contrast detection threshold (VCT;N = 24, 16 females) during tRNS delivery separately over V1 and over the retina, determined the optimal tRNS intensities for each individual (ind-tRNS), and retested the effects of ind-tRNS within the sessions. We further investigated whether we could reproduce the ind-tRNS-induced modulation on a different session (N = 19, 14 females). Finally, we tested whether the simultaneous application of ind-tRNS to the retina and V1 causes additive effects. Moreover, we present detailed simulations of the induced electric field across the visual system. We found that at the group level tRNS decreases VCT compared with baseline when delivered to the V1. Beneficial effects of ind-tRNS could be replicated when retested within the same experimental session but not when retested in a separate session. Applying tRNS to the retina did not cause a systematic reduction of VCT, regardless of whether the individually optimized intensity was considered or not. We also did not observe consistent additive effects of V1 and retina stimulation. Our findings demonstrate significant tRNS-induced modulation of visual contrast processing in V1 but not in the retina.
Target–Distractor Competition Modulates Saccade Trajectories in Space and Object Space
Authors: Giuricich Caroline , Green Robert J. , Jordan Heather , Fallah Mazyar
Published: June 2023

Saccade planning and execution can be affected by a multitude of factors present in a target selection task. Recent studies have shown that the similarity between a target and nearby distractors affects the curvature of saccade trajectories, because of target–distractor competition. To further understand the nature of this competition, we varied the distance between and the similarity of complex target and distractor objects in a delayed match-to-sample task to examine their effects on human saccade trajectories and better understand the underlying neural circuitry. For trials with short saccadic reaction times (SRTs) when target–distractor competition is still active, the distractor is attractive and saccade trajectories are deviated toward the distractor. We found a robust effect of distance consistent with saccade vector averaging, whereas the effect of similarity suggested the existence of an object-based suppressive surround. At longer SRTs, there was sufficient time for competition between the objects to complete and the distractor to be repulsive, which resulted in saccade trajectory deviations away from the distractor exhibiting the effects of a spatial suppressive surround. In terms of similarity, as the target–distractor similarity decreased, the initial saccade angle shifted toward the target, reflecting stronger distractor inhibition. There were no interactions between distance and similarity at any point in the time course of target–distractor competition. Together, saccade trajectories reflect target–distractor competition that is affected independently by both spatial and object space suppressive surrounds. The differences in saccade trajectories at short and long SRTs distinguish between active and completed decision-making processes.
Nucleoporin foci are stress‐sensitive condensates dispensable for C. elegans nuclear pore assembly
Authors: Thomas Laura , Taleb Ismail Basma , Askjaer Peter , Seydoux Geraldine
Published: May 2023

Nucleoporins (Nups) assemble nuclear pores that form the permeability barrier between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. Nucleoporins also localize in cytoplasmic foci proposed to function as pore pre‐assembly intermediates. Here, we characterize the composition and incidence of cytoplasmic Nup foci in an intact animal, C. elegans. We find that, in young non‐stressed animals, Nup foci only appear in developing sperm, oocytes and embryos, tissues that express high levels of nucleoporins. The foci are condensates of highly cohesive FG repeat‐containing nucleoporins (FG‐Nups), which are maintained near their solubility limit in the cytoplasm by posttranslational modifications and chaperone activity. Only a minor fraction of FG‐Nup molecules concentrate in Nup foci, which dissolve during M phase and are dispensable for nuclear pore assembly. Nucleoporin condensation is enhanced by stress and advancing age, and overexpression of a single FG‐Nup in post‐mitotic neurons is sufficient to induce ectopic condensation and organismal paralysis. We speculate that Nup foci are non‐essential and potentially toxic condensates whose assembly is actively suppressed in healthy cells.
Tuberculin Skin Test and T-SPOT.TB for Latent Tuberculosis Infection detection in healthcare workers
Authors: Sutanto Yusup Subagio , Triyoga Paulus Arka , Harsini Harsini , Reviono Reviono , Kurniawan Hendra
Published: May 2023

Healthcare Workers (HCWs) have a higher risk of getting Tuberculosis (TB) than the general population. This study analyzed effectiveness of Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and T-SPOT.TB for detection prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) among HCWs and the correlation between work locations and HCW duties. A trial study with a cross-sectional study design in Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, in December 2018. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling with 30 subjects. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 for Windows. The appropriate levels of TST and T-SPOT indicated substantial TB (K = 0.603, p 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of T-SPOT.TB with close contact was 60% and 86.7%. The sensitivity and specificity of TST with close contact were 33.3% and 93.3%. T-SPOT.TB was a significant correlation between the work location, the pulmonary care ward r = 0.436 and p = 0.008 (p 0.05). T-SPOT.TB has a slightly better sensitivity than TST.
Community-Based Sanitation Management Model Using Local Aspects of Coastal Areas
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Darmayanti Nefi , Falefi Reinpal , Lubis Yusuf Hanafi
Published: May 2023

Previous findings showed that there are only a few studies on the core problem of environmental sanitation in coastal areas. The study Mawar and Wahidah (2018), the coastal community of Percut Sei Tuan only uses 20% clean water, does not have a latrine 42.9%, and does not have a SPAL of 46.7%. Therefore, this study aims to examine the cultural, gender, and stakeholder aspects of community-based sanitation management (CBSM). A cross-sectional design was used, and the sample population consists of family heads in the Percut Sei Tuan Sub-district. The sample size was calculated using a category survey formula of 414 households from the population. The samples were selected using a simple random sampling technique, and a questionnaire instrument, which was tested for its validity and reliability was used for data collection. The data were then analyzed using CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) to assess the factors that influence CBSM. The results showed that gender roles have a significant effect on environmental sanitation management in coastal areas with a P0.001, and culture has a significant effect on CBSM with a P0.001. However, the role of stakeholders was insignificant in this study. CBSM in coastal areas was still very low in terms of participation in planning, implementation, and utilization. The involvement of women as an aspect of gender in the formation of a disciplined culture in sanitation management is very necessary to mobilize family members.
Mental Emotional Disorders and Coping Strategies of University Student During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Thaha Ridwan Mochtar , Indirwan Dicky , Nasir Sudirman , Rachmat Muhammad
Published: May 2023

At the beginning of 2020, the world was shocked by the COVID-19 outbreak which has hit almost all parts of the world. Student academic activities are faced with an online learning system and the adaptation of new habits. This caused a different response from each student. This study aims to analyze the coping strategy of the student-facing COVID-19 pandemic at the Public Health Faculty, Hasanuddin University. This research is a mix-method study conducted in September-October 2020, located at the Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University. This study used a sequential explanatory strategy where quantitative data is collected and analyzed firs with 233 respondents by accidental sampling, followed by qualitative data with 12 respondents by purposive sampling. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affects students psychologically. The results showed that as many as 121 people (51.9%) and there is two coping strategy. Problem-focused coping consists of seeking social support and planful problem solving and Emotional-focused coping that is distancing. The government and Public Health Faculty, Hasanuddin University can maximize the assistance provided in the form of psychological and financial assistance.
The role of WD40 repeat-containing proteins in endocrine (dys)function
Authors: Hu Yalan , Bruinstroop Eveline , Hollenberg Anthony N , Fliers Eric , Boelen Anita
Published: May 2023

WD40 repeat-containing proteins play a key role in many cellular functions including signal transduction, protein degradation, and apoptosis. The WD40 domain is highly conserved, and its typical structure is a β-propeller consisting of 4–8 blades which probably serves as a scaffold for protein–protein interaction. Some WD40 repeat-containing proteins form part of the corepressor complex of nuclear hormone receptors, a family of ligand-dependent transcription factors that play a central role in the regulation of gene transcription. This explains their involvement in endocrine physiology and pathology. In the present review, we first touch upon the structure of WD40 repeat-containing proteins. Next, we describe our current understanding of the role of WD40 domain-containing proteins in nuclear receptor signaling, e.g., as corepressor or coactivator. In the final part of this review, we focus on WD40 domain-containing proteins that are associated with endocrine pathologies. These pathologies vary from isolated dysfunction of one endocrine axis, e.g., congenital isolated central hypothyroidism, to more complex congenital syndromes comprising endocrine phenotypes, such as the Triple-A syndrome.
Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Predicts Restenosis after Interventions for Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Authors: Tian Shao-Yong
Published: June 2023

Background: To investigate the association between the pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and restenosis after interventions for lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 309 patients with ASO who underwent endovascular interventions between January 2018 and December 2021. Pretreatment inflammatory markers, including the SII, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were collected. The logistic regression model was used to determine the associations between these inflammatory markers and restenosis. Clinical manifestations, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and quality of life after intervention also were compared. Results: The pretreatment SII (p < 0.001), NLR (p < 0.001), PLR (p < 0.001), SIRI (p = 0.002), AISI (p < 0.001), and CRP (p = 0.036) were significantly higher in patients with restenosis than in those without restenosis. Among the four markers, SII had the highest area under the curve (AUC) in predicting restenosis (SII vs. NLR vs. PLR vs. SIRI vs. AISI vs. CRP: 0.715 vs. 0.689 vs. 0.695 vs. 0.643 vs. 0.691 vs. 0.596). Multivariate analysis revealed that the pretreatment SII was the only independent factor for restenosis (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.102; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.155–14.567; p = 0.029). Moreover, a lower SII was associated with significantly better improvements in clinical manifestations (Rutherford classification 1–2: 67.5% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.038) and ABI (median: 0.29 vs. 0.22; p = 0.029), together with better quality of life (p < 0.05 for physical functioning, social functioning, pain, and mental health). Conclusions: The pretreatment SII is an independent predictor of restenosis after interventions in patients with lower extremity ASO, providing more accurate prognosis prediction than other inflammatory markers.
Factors Affecting High School Students’ Motivation and Career Interest in STEM Fields and Their Modeling
Authors: Kızılay Esra , Yamak Havva
Published: June 2023

This study aims to investigate the motivation and career interest in STEM fields of high school students enrolled in public schools in the districts of Kayseri in Turkey according to various factors, to ascertain the relationship between the two variables, and to present a model for the relationship between the variables. The causal-comparative research and correlation (relational) research designs, which are among the quantitative research designs, were used in this study, which involved 1,667 students from five high education institutions situated. The research employed the Career Interest Scale in STEM Fields and the Motivation Scale in STEM Fields to gather data. It has been found that students whose favorite and most successful course is about STEM have much higher motivation and career interest in STEM fields than the other pupils. According to the study, students who are considering majoring in one of the university’s STEM fields have much higher motivation and career interest in STEM fields than other students do in general. Additionally, the connection between motivation and career interest in STEM fields was looked at. According to research, students’ motivation in STEM fields accounts for 70% of changes in their career interests in those fields.
Creación de problemas de proporcionalidad en la formación de docentes de primaria
Authors: Burgos María , Chaverri Hernández Jorhan
Published: June 2023

[Objetivo] El objetivo de este artículo es describir y analizar una intervención formativa con futuro personal docente de primaria, dirigida a desarrollar la competencia para crear problemas de proporcionalidad mediante la variación de un problema inicial y la elaboración a partir de un requerimiento didáctico-matemático. [Metodología] Se trata de un estudio cualitativo e interpretativo que adopta una metodología propia de las investigaciones de diseño o ingeniería didáctica. Tanto en el diseño de la intervención, como en el análisis de contenido de las respuestas de los sujetos participantes se emplean herramientas teóricas y metodológicas del enfoque ontosemiótico. Se trabaja con un grupo de 127 estudiantes para docentes de Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Granada, España; organizados en 33 equipos para responder a dos consignas sobre creación de problemas. [Resultados] Los resultados muestran que los sujetos participantes crean con mayor frecuencia problemas pertinentes mediante la variación de un problema dado, pero que no logran crear problemas que permitan, de manera específica, distinguir situaciones proporcionales de aditivas a partir de un requerimiento didáctico-matemático. [Conclusiones] Se concluye que los futuros maestros y maestras manifiestan un conocimiento didáctico y matemático insuficiente para crear problemas de proporcionalidad exitosamente. Por esto es necesario que los programas de formación refuercen las estrategias para desarrollar esta tarea, incorporándola como recurso didáctico en el proceso de enseñanza, y mejorando la competencia para el análisis de la actividad matemática del futuro profesorado.
Decreasing Percentage of Infants With Very Low 5-Minute Apgar Scores at a Safety-Net Level III NICU
Authors: Harding Emma , Stenzel Courtney , Roosevelt Genie , Grover Theresa , Hayashi Madoka
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVES

Low 5-minute Apgar scores predict mortality and may be associated with poor neurologic outcomes. Our percentage of infants with low 5-minute Apgar scores was higher than the national average (2.4%). Therefore, we aimed to decrease the percentage of infants with Apgar scores <4 at 5 minutes from a mean of 5.12% to <2.4% and decrease the percentage of infants receiving chest compressions (CCs) before intubation from 21% to <5%.

METHODS

We completed 4 plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles from April 2015 through November 2018, including providing 24-hour advanced practice provider coverage (PDSA 1), initiating advanced practice provider–led delivery room scenarios for residents and education to secure the airway before CCs (PDSA 2), developing “Go Bags” with supplies (PDSA 3), and performing multidisciplinary mock codes (PDSA 4). We used a statistical process control p-chart to evaluate our primary outcome measure of the percentage of infants with 5-minute Apgar scores <4 from January 2012 through September 2021.

RESULTS

The percent of infants with Apgar scores <4 at 5 minutes decreased from 5.12% in the baseline and intervention period to 2.16% in the sustainment period. We detected special cause with 8 points below the centerline. Infants born in the baseline period were 7.9 times more likely to receive CCs before intubation than in the intervention and sustainment periods (P = .002).

CONCLUSIONS

We decreased the percentage of infants with 5-minute Apgar scores <4 and the percentage of infants receiving chest compressions before intubation. Ultimately, rigorous education and team collaboration through frequent multidisciplinary team mock codes were critical to our success.
Kernicterus on the Spectrum
Authors: Kasirer Yair , Kaplan Michael , Hammerman Cathy
Published: June 2023

Kernicterus is the potential toxic sequela of extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinemia resulting from the passage of excess free, unconjugated bilirubin across the blood−brain barrier, irreversibly and selectively damaging vulnerable target brain cells including the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, and the auditory system. Kernicterus continues to plague the modern world. Not only does it continue to be uncontrolled in developing countries with underdeveloped medical systems, and health organizations rendered ineffective by the ravages of war, but it also remains prevalent in industrialized countries. In this review, we attempt to clarify the different and overlapping nomenclature used in the past to describe this entity and aim to offer a uniform approach to defining kernicterus spectrum disorder. We also discuss the different spectrum subtypes including motor-predominant kernicterus, auditory neural sensory dysfunction, subtle kernicterus, and kernicterus plus. In addition to reviewing several genetic factors that increase the risk of developing kernicterus, we also present some exciting potential therapeutic approaches.
Más Estado y más mercado: las estatizaciones kirchneristas en el programa neo-desarrollista (2003-2015)
Authors: Chaia De Bellis Jonás
Published: June 2023

La Argentina de la post-convertibilidad sirvió al mismo tiempo como inspiración y como ejemplo de la teoría económica neo-desarrollista. Pero si un aspecto central de esta teoría es que el Estado ya no desempeña funciones empresariales ¿cómo comprender entonces la casi veintena de estatizaciones kirchneristas? La hipótesis de este artículo es que las estatizaciones kirchneristas no niegan la correspondencia entre el enfoque neo-desarrollista y la política económica que tuvo lugar en la Argentina entre 2003 y 2015, ya que el Estado reemplazó al empresariado privado en la gestión pero no reemplazó al mercado en la distribución, esquema que parecería seguir cuadrando en el programa (económico-político y teórico) del neo-desarrollismo. Más aún: la estatización más importante del kirchnerismo, la de Repsol-YPF en 2012, puede ser comprendida como una pura medida de política fiscal para frenar la salida de divisas. Este artículo reconstruye, desde un enfoque de economía política comparada, todas las estatizaciones del kirchnerismo y estudia en profundidad el caso de Repsol-YPF para intentar demostrar cómo una intensa intervención del Estado es totalmente compatible con las reglas de juego del mercado, tal como prescribe y describe la teoría del neo-desarrollismo.