bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Decision Support for Fall Prevention: Defining End-User Needs
Authors: Rice Hannah , Garabedian Pamela M. , Shear Kristen , Bjarnadottir Ragnhildur I. , Burns Zoe , Latham Nancy K. , Schentrup Denise , Lucero Robert J. , Dykes Patricia C.
Published: June 2022

Background and Significance Falls in community-dwelling older adults are common, and there is a lack of clinical decision support (CDS) to provide health care providers with effective, individualized fall prevention recommendations.

Objectives The goal of this research is to identify end-user (primary care staff and patients) needs through a human-centered design process for a tool that will generate CDS to protect older adults from falls and injuries.

Methods Primary care staff (primary care providers, care coordinator nurses, licensed practical nurses, and medical assistants) and community-dwelling patients aged 60 years or older associated with Brigham & Women's Hospital-affiliated primary care clinics and the University of Florida Health Archer Family Health Care primary care clinic were eligible to participate in this study. Through semi-structured and exploratory interviews with participants, our team identified end-user needs through content analysis.

Results User needs for primary care staff (n = 24) and patients (n = 18) were categorized under the following themes: workload burden; systematic communication; in-person assessment of patient condition; personal support networks; motivational tools; patient understanding of fall risk; individualized resources; and evidence-based safe exercises and expert guidance. While some of these themes are specific to either primary care staff or patients, several address needs expressed by both groups of end-users.

Conclusion Our findings suggest that there are many care gaps in fall prevention management in primary care and that personalized, actionable, and evidence-based CDS has the potential to address some of these gaps.
Psychometric properties of the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) among Malaysians during COVID-19: a methodological study
Authors: Thiyagarajan Arulmani , James Tyler G. , Marzo Roy Rillera
Published: June 2022

Depression, anxiety, and stress continue to be among the largest burdens of disease, globally. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) is a shortened version of DASS-41 developed to measure these mental health conditions. The DASS-41 has strong evidence of validity and reliability in multiple contexts. However, the DASS-21, and the resulting item properties, has been explored less in terms of modern test theories. One such theory is Item Response Theory (IRT), and we use IRT models to explore latent item and person traits of each DASS-21 sub-scale among people living in Malaysia. Specifically, we aimed to assess Classical Test Theory and IRT properties including dimensionality, internal consistency (reliability), and item-level properties. We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study and sent link-based questionnaires to people aged 18 and above in a private university and requested to roll out the link. Overall and individual sub-scales’ Cronbach’s alpha of the DASS-21 indicates an excellent internal consistency. The average inter-item correlation and corrected inter-item correlations for each of the sub-scales indicated acceptable discrimination. On average, DASS-21 total scores and sub-scale scores were significantly higher among female participants than males. The Graded Response Model had better empirical fit to sub-scale response data. Raw summated and latent (IRT estimated) scores of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress sub-scales, and overall DASS-21 were strongly correlated. Thus, this study provides evidence of validity supporting the use of the DASS-21 as a mental health screening tool among Malaysians. Specifically, standard error of measurement was minimized to provide robust evidence of potential utility in identifying participants who are and are not experiencing these mental health issues. Additional research is warranted to ensure that test content culturally appropriate and accurately measuring cultural norms of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Race- and gender-based under-representation of creative contributors: art, fashion, film, and music
Authors: Topaz Chad M. , Higdon Jude , Epps-Darling Avriel , Siau Ethan , Kerkhoff Harper , Mendiratta Shivani , Young Eric
Published: June 2022

Motivated by the well-established benefits to society of artistic creation and of demographic diversity, we investigate the gender and racial/ethnic composition of influential contributors to four creative domains. Women make up 51% of the U.S. population but are underrepresented at influential levels of contemporary art (28%), high fashion (45%), box office film (27%), and popular music (17%). Marginalized racial/ethnic groups make up 39% of the U.S. population yet comprise approximately half that figure in contemporary art (22%), high fashion (22%), and box office film (19%). Black musical artists have higher representation (48%), though higher representation does not equate with equity and inclusion. As for intersecting identities, white men are overrepresented in all four domains by factors ranging from 1.4 to 2 as compared to the U.S. population, and most other gender-racial/ethnic groups are further minoritized. Our study is the first comprehensive, comparative, empirical look at intersecting identities across creative fields. The exclusion of marginalized individuals, including those who are women, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black, Latinx, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, is severe. The lack of self-expressed demographic data is a challenge, as is the erasure of certain identity groups from the American Community Survey, including agender, gender noncomforming, nonbinary, and transgender individuals. These are challenges that, if addressed, would enhance our collective understanding of diversity in creative fields.
Investigation of magnetic properties of Pt/CoFeB/MgO layers using angle-resolved spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Yun Deok Hyun , Kwon TaeHyuk , Han Ki-Hyuk , Lee Dong Joon , Hong Seokmin , Koo Hyun Cheol , Min Byoung-Chul , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Lee OukJae
Published: June 2022

We present detailed investigations of the magnetic properties of Pt/CoFeB/MgO layers as studied using the angle-resolved spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance method. Although the measurements provide reasonable magnetic parameters, we obtain an unusual value in the interfacial spin transparency if spin-pumping is assumed to be the dominant source for enhancing magnetic damping (αeff) in the nanometer thickness regime. However, the thickness dependence of the Landé g-factor (geff) for CoFeB indicates that the interfacial spin–orbit coupling plays a role in determining αeff. In addition, the azimuthal asymmetry in the magnetic system may not be related to the possibility of generating unconventional spin polarization. The results in this work are expected to aid in understanding various magnetic properties and current-induced spin-torques in a heavy-metal/ferromagnet bilayer.
Full calculation of inter-conversion between charge, spin, and heat current using a common partial differential equation platform
Authors: Shigematsu Ei , Tamura Eiiti , Ohshima Ryo , Ando Yuichiro , Shiraishi Masashi
Published: June 2022

We present a simple implementation of calculation of spin current profiles using a partial differential equation platform. By solving multiple scalar potentials, spin injection, spin/charge inter-conversion, and thermal spin injection phenomena can be well reproduced numerically. As a demonstration, we show spin current generation and detection in a composite of ferromagnetic, spin conducting, and spin-Hall-metallic materials. Furthermore, we present a model extended to three-dimensionally polarized spin current and describe the matrix for spin/charge current inter-conversion in a conductive ferromagnet, which allows for numerical reproduction of anomalous and planar Hall effects. It is found that the planar Hall voltage is in part generated by spin Hall conductivities, though its magnitude is orders smaller than that induced by the anisotropic magnetoresistance. Our method will contribute to further development of effective and feasible simulations of spin-current-mediated systems.
Mirror-coupled microsphere can narrow the angular distribution of photoluminescence from WS2 monolayers
Authors: Chaubey Shailendra K. , Tiwari Sunny , M. A. Gokul , Paul Diptabrata , Rahman Atikur , Pavan Kumar G. V.
Published: June 2022

Engineering optical emission from two-dimensional, transition metal dichalcogenides, such as tungsten disulfide (WS2), has implications in creating and understanding nanophotonic sources. One of the challenges in controlling the optical emission from two-dimensional materials is to achieve narrow angular spread using simple photonic geometry. In this article, we study how the photoluminescence of a monolayer WS2 can be controlled when coupled to a film coupled microsphere dielectric antenna. Specifically, by employing Fourier plane microscopy and spectroscopic techniques, we quantify the wavevector distribution in the momentum space. As a result, we show the beaming of the WS2 photoluminescence with angular divergence as low as θ1/2 = 4.6°. Furthermore, the experimental measurements have been supported by three-dimensional numerical simulations. We envisage that the discussed results can be generalized to a variety of two-dimensional materials and can be harnessed for on-chip nonlinear and quantum technology.
Construction of a vector-field cryogenic magnetic force microscope
Authors: Kim Geunyong , Yun Jinyoung , Lee Yeonkyu , Kim Jeehoon
Published: June 2022

Owing to the high resolution of magnetic force microscopes (MFMs) operating at low temperatures and high-applied magnetic fields, they can be employed to study various phenomena observed in topological magnetic materials and superconductors. In this study, we constructed a low-temperature MFM equipped with a 2–2–9-T vector magnet and a three-axis fiber-optic alignment system. The three-axis alignment device enables in situ calibration of the scanner at low temperatures as well as optimizes the intensity and sensitivity of the interferometer signal. A massive homebuilt vibration isolation table lowers the resonance frequency of the system and minimizes mechanical noise. Consequently, the minimum detectable force gradient of our proposed model is close to the thermodynamic limit of the cantilever. To demonstrate the low-temperature capability of the MFM, we obtained magnetic domain images of the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe4GeTe2 and the Abrikosov superconducting vortices of an Nb film. Furthermore, we performed field angle-dependent MFM experiments in a van der Waals magnetic insulator Cr2Ge2Te6 to verify its vector-field functionality and observed a transition in the domains from the stripe to the bubble phase with respect to the magnetic field angle. The vector-field capability of our MFM can be useful for investigating various anisotropic magnetic phenomena in topological magnetic and superconducting materials.
An improved nonlinear constitutive model for the magneto-elastic coupling behavior of ferromagnetic materials
Authors: Kim Sok , Kim Kwanghun , Kwak Songhun , Ri Hyowon , Han Songil
Published: June 2022

Based on the micro-domain theory, the macro-thermodynamic relationship, and the effective field theory, an improved nonlinear constitutive model is established for ferromagnetic materials. The constitutive model includes new expressions of some nonlinear functions and high-order nonlinear functions and has simple expressions for some ferromagnetic materials. Compared with the existing models, the nonlinear model established in this paper has a great improvement in the prediction accuracy of the magneto-elastic coupling behavior. In other words, it can accurately predict the complicated nonlinear behaviors of magnetostriction and magnetization under the magnetic field and applied stress. Furthermore, it can correctly describe magnetostriction with high tensile stress and low magnetic fields, the complicated magnetostriction behavior with stress and middle magnetic fields, the complicated magnetization behavior with stress and high magnetic fields, and the maximum point of magnetostriction according to applied stress for ferromagnetic materials. A detailed analysis of the complicated nonlinear behaviors for ferromagnetic materials demonstrates the high effectiveness of the presented model.
Probing electrolyte–silica interactions through simulations of the infrared spectroscopy of nanoscale pores
Authors: Senanayake Hasini S. , Greathouse Jeffery A. , Thompson Ward H.
Published: June 2022

The structural and dynamical properties of nanoconfined solutions can differ dramatically from those of the corresponding bulk systems. Understanding the changes induced by confinement is central to controlling the behavior of synthetic nanostructured materials and predicting the characteristics of biological and geochemical systems. A key outstanding issue is how the molecular-level behavior of nanoconfined electrolyte solutions is reflected in different experimental, particularly spectroscopic, measurements. This is addressed here through molecular dynamics simulations of the OH stretching infrared (IR) spectroscopy of NaCl, NaBr, and NaI solutions in isotopically dilute HOD/D2O confined in hydroxylated amorphous silica slit pores of width 1–6 nm and pH ∼2. In addition, the water reorientation dynamics and spectral diffusion, accessible by pump–probe anisotropy and two-dimensional IR measurements, are investigated. The aim is to elucidate the effect of salt identity, confinement, and salt concentration on the vibrational spectra. It is found that the IR spectra of the electrolyte solutions are only modestly blue-shifted upon confinement in amorphous silica slit pores, with both the size of the shift and linewidth increasing with the halide size, but these effects are suppressed as the salt concentration is increased. This indicates the limitations of linear IR spectroscopy as a probe of confined water. However, the OH reorientational and spectral diffusion dynamics are significantly slowed by confinement even at the lowest concentrations. The retardation of the dynamics eases with increasing salt concentration and pore width, but it exhibits a more complex behavior as a function of halide.
Dynamics of a shocked bubble-encapsulated droplet
Authors: Biasiori-Poulanges Luc , Bokman Guillaume T. , Baumann Enea , Supponen Outi
Published: June 2022

Gas-encapsulated droplets have recently been promoted as an effective technique for fluid transport. Shock waves are herein proposed as an instant release mechanism for the encapsulated fluid, which subsequently discharges into the surroundings. This release process relies on the intricate bubble dynamics and droplet response to the shock driving, which are discovered through numerical and theoretical investigations. The key factors involved in the process, such as the complex shock pattern, pressure amplification, and the generation of a sheet jet cascade, are characterized. These observations are further supported by analytical models derived to predict the water hammer pressure, sheet jet velocity, and droplet drift.
Face dissimilarity judgments are predicted by representational distance in morphable and image-computable models
Authors: Jozwik Kamila M. , O’Keeffe Jonathan , Storrs Katherine R. , Guo Wenxuan , Golan Tal , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus
Published: June 2022

Human vision is attuned to the subtle differences between individual faces. Yet we lack a quantitative way of predicting how similar two face images look and whether they appear to show the same person. Principal component–based three-dimensional (3D) morphable models are widely used to generate stimuli in face perception research. These models capture the distribution of real human faces in terms of dimensions of physical shape and texture. How well does a “face space” based on these dimensions capture the similarity relationships humans perceive among faces? To answer this, we designed a behavioral task to collect dissimilarity and same/different identity judgments for 232 pairs of realistic faces. Stimuli sampled geometric relationships in a face space derived from principal components of 3D shape and texture (Basel face model [BFM]). We then compared a wide range of models in their ability to predict the data, including the BFM from which faces were generated, an active appearance model derived from face photographs, and image-computable models of visual perception. Euclidean distance in the BFM explained both dissimilarity and identity judgments surprisingly well. In a comparison against 16 diverse models, BFM distance was competitive with representational distances in state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs), including novel DNNs trained on BFM synthetic identities or BFM latents. Models capturing the distribution of face shape and texture across individuals are not only useful tools for stimulus generation. They also capture important information about how faces are perceived, suggesting that human face representations are tuned to the statistical distribution of faces.
A broad and potent neutralization epitope in SARS-related coronaviruses
Authors: Yuan Meng , Zhu Xueyong , He Wan-ting , Zhou Panpan , Kaku Chengzi I. , Capozzola Tazio , Zhu Connie Y. , Yu Xinye , Liu Hejun , Yu Wenli , Hua Yuanzi , Tien Henry , Peng Linghang , Song Ge , Cottrell Christopher A. , Schief William R. , Nemazee David , Walker Laura M. , Andrabi Raiees , Burton Dennis R. , Wilson Ian A.
Published: June 2022

Many neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) elicited to ancestral severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through natural infection and vaccination have reduced effectiveness to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we show that therapeutic antibody ADG20 is able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) including Omicron (B.1.1.529) as well as other SARS-related coronaviruses. We delineate the structural basis of this relatively escape-resistant epitope that extends from one end of the receptor binding site (RBS) into the highly conserved CR3022 site. ADG20 can then benefit from high potency through direct competition with ACE2 in the more variable RBS and interaction with the more highly conserved CR3022 site. Importantly, antibodies that are able to target this site generally neutralize a broad range of VOCs, albeit with reduced potency against Omicron. Thus, this conserved and vulnerable site can be exploited for the design of universal vaccines and therapeutic antibodies.
L2 reading comprehension
Authors: Yamashita Junko
Published: June 2022

Multicomponent views of reading constitute a contemporary standard platform toward a more comprehensive understanding of reading and its development. Based on component approaches to L2 reading comprehension, this chapter first outlines linguistic and general cognitive processing necessary for understanding text meaning, and then synthesizes current research insights into components of L2 reading comprehension covering differences between L1 and L2 reading and the cross-linguistic nature of L2 reading. In so doing, the chapter discusses influential theories in the relevant research areas. The chapter closes with discussions on theories and methodologies of L2 reading research.
L2 reading comprehension and its correlates
Authors: Jeon Eun Hee , Yamashita Junko
Published: June 2022

The present study updates Jeon and Yamashita’s (2014) meta-analysis by adding a total of 40 independent samples from 30 additional studies published between 2011 and 2017. Using the method of a quantitative meta-analysis of correlation coefficients, the study synthesizes weighted and, when possible, corrected (for attenuation due to measurement error) correlations between passage-level, L2 reading comprehension and each of the following correlates: decoding, orthographic knowledge, phonological awareness, morphological knowledge, vocabulary knowledge, grammar knowledge, L1 reading comprehension, L2 listening comprehension, working memory, metacognition, and oral reading fluency. The results showed that L2 knowledge variables were invariably strong correlates of L2 reading comprehension. Language-general variables such as working memory and metacognition were, on the other hand, only weakly correlated with L2 reading comprehension. Of the two companion proficiency variables, namely, L2 listening comprehension and L1 reading comprehension, the former showed a much stronger correlation with L2 reading comprehension. In sum, these results indicated that L2 reading comprehension is much more strongly associated with L2 knowledge rather than language-general, cognitive or metacognitive variables or the long-assumed general reading abilities indicated by L1 reading comprehension. Lastly, the study introduced oral reading fluency as a promising correlate of L2 reading comprehension.
Discussion, limitations, and future research
Authors: Jeon Eun Hee , In'nami Yo , Koizumi Rie
Published: June 2022

This chapter synthesizes the results of the six meta-analyses (Chapters 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 11) included in this volume and interprets the findings in reference to the theories and models of L2 proficiency and assessment. We first review influential theories and models of L2 proficiency starting with Spearman’s (1904, 1927) and Oller’s (1979) unitary view of language proficiency, leading to the most recent, Hulstijn’s (2015, 2019) core-periphery model. We then discuss the findings of 4 meta-analyses which reported on the correlations between each of the four L2 skills and its external correlates. Next, we discuss the findings of 2 meta-analyses which reported on the correlations between productive L2 skills (writing and speaking) and their internal correlates. The chapter then discusses the limitations and future research directions.
Magnetic field assisted nucleation dynamics of laser induced manganese oxide nanoparticles in water
Authors: Kharphanbuh Sanchia Mae , Phukan Arindom , Nath Arpita
Published: June 2022

Pulsed laser ablation at manganese (paramagnetic)–water interface led to the formation of cubic bixbyite α-Mn2O3 nano-particles. The effect of external magnetic field on to the size of the nano-particles was investigated. Nucleation modelling were carried out to validate the experimental results. To study the affect of the external magnetic field on to the nucleation dynamics, two different models were employed—model A: influence of the magnetic pressure, and model B: influence of the magnetic energy, that affects the laser-induced nucleation dynamics when an external magnetic field is applied. It was observed that the nucleation modelling using model A gives more agreeable results to the experimental observation than model B. A similar investigation was also carried out using ferromagnetic: nickel target, which shows significant influence exhibiting a decrease in nano-particle sizes using both the models. The fluid dynamical counterpart: cavitation bubbles formed at laser interaction with solid targets immersed in liquids, are also probed. Cavitation bubbles formed at the manganese–water interface seem impervious to the external magnetic field; however, for targets such as nickel, energy dispensed to ferromagnetic interactions is translated to cavitation bubbles which exhibit larger bubble radius.
Erbium-doped fiber laser with switchable wavelength generation based on tunable filter and dual-pass mach-zehnder filter incorporated with fiber delay line
Authors: Wei Wei , Li Quancai , Wang Yang , Duan Junfa
Published: June 2022

A wavelength switchable erbium-doped fiber laser incorporated with a tunable filter and dual-pass Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) was designed and experimentally demonstrated. The erbium-doped fiber was used as the gain medium for the fiber laser and the laser working threshold was 92 mW. The dual-pass MZI was fabricated using three optical couplers (OCs) and the variable fiber delay line. A tunable filter was used for laser tuning and it was combined with two OCs to construct a subsidiary cavity. A tunable and stable single- and dual-wavelength laser output was obtained in the experiment. In the case of single-wavelength laser output, the tuning span was in the range of 1527.6–1562.4 nm with an interval of 1.2 nm. Additionally, the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) was greater than 37.45 dB. In the case of dual-wavelength laser emission, the lasers were tuned from 1540.7 and 1541.6 nm to 1560.8 and 1561.2 nm, respectively. The stability of the single-, dual-and triple-wavelength laser output was evaluated and the power fluctuation was less than 1.36, 1.34, and 1.37 dB, respectively. Finally, quadruple- and quintuple-wavelength laser outputs were achieved by adjusting the loss of the intra-cavity.
Impedance spectroscopy, electronic transport, and dielectric relaxation studies in methylene green organic semiconductor for photovoltaic application
Authors: Al-Harbi F F , Darwish A A A , Al-Ghamdi S A , Khasim Syed , El-Shazly E A A , El-Rahman K F Abd , Hamdalla Taymour A
Published: June 2022

Organic electronic technologies are widely used in our daily life. Methylene green (MG) is a promising organic dye due to many potential properties such as easy processing, high flexibility, non-toxic, high stability, etc In our study, the dielectric properties, impedance spectroscopy, and AC conductivity of bulk MG samples have been studied in temperatures up to 453 K and in frequencies up to 5 MHz. The Impedance spectroscopy studies for our investigated bulk samples showed a single semicircle in the complex impedance spectra indicating multi-relaxation behavior. The DC conductivity shows activation and indicates that MG behaves like an organic semiconductor. It was found that the AC conductivity for MG bulk samples increased rapidly with frequency increasing. The conduction mechanism ofσACwas affected by the model of barrier hopping. An analysis of the dielectric constant is performed assuming the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillar type polarization is dominant at low frequency and high temperature. The calculated values of relaxation time and activation energies are 1.45 × 10−15s and 0.65 eV, respectively. Our research findings candidate MG bulk samples in various photovoltaic applications such as organic light-emitting diodes.
Large-scale synthesis of polyynes with commercial laser marking technology
Authors: Fang Liang , Xie Yanping , Sun Shujie , Zi Wei
Published: June 2022

The space-confined synthesis method has been an efficient way for the preparation of linear carbon chains. However, the large-scale preparation of linear carbon chains still faces many challenges due to the lack of methods for the large-scale synthesis of precursors, such as short carbon chains (polyynes), and regulation technology for the transport of reactants in one-dimensional space. Here, we report a facile method for the rapid preparation of polyynes in large quantities using a commercial laser marking machine. Spectroscopic characterizations show that a large number of polyynes, such as C8H2, C10H2, C12H2, and C14H2, can be produced by ablating the graphite plate immersed in the organic liquid using a laser marking machine. The results of in situ Raman spectroscopy investigation of C2n
H2-filled single-walled carbon nanotubes further confirm that a variety of polyyne molecules are synthesized. Meanwhile, in situ Raman spectroscopy also shows that the local heating treatment can accelerate the filling process of C2n
H2 into one-dimensional channels. This work provides new insights into the study of linear carbon chains and space-confined synthesis methods.
Switchable vortex beam polarization state terahertz multi-layer metasurface
Authors: Zhong Min , Li Jiu-Sheng
Published: June 2022

We propose a switchable vortex beam polarization state terahertz multi-layer metasurface, which consists of three-layer elliptical metal crosses, four-layer dielectrics, and two-layer hollow metal circles, which are alternately superimposed. Under the normal incidence of left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) wave and the right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) waves, the proposed structure realizes three independent control functions, i.e., focused and vortex beam, vortex beam with different topological charges, and polarization states switching, and azimuth switching of two vortex beams with different polarization states. The results show that the proposed metasurface provides a new idea for investigating the multifunctional terahertz wave modulation devices.
Spatial resolution and efficiency of prototype sensors for the LHCb VELO Upgrade
Authors: Buchanan E. , Akiba K. , van Beuzekom M. , Collins P. , Dall'Occo E. , Evans T. , Franco Lima V. , Geertsema R. , Kopciewicz P. , Price E. , Rachwal B. , Richards S. , Saunders D. , Schindler H. , Szumlak T. , Tsopelas P. , Velthuis J. , Williams M.R.J.
Published: June 2022

A comprehensive study of the spatial resolution and detection efficiency of sensor prototypes developed for the LHCb VELO upgrade is presented. Data samples were collected at the CERN SPS H8 beam line using a hadron mixture of protons and pions with momenta of approximately 180 GeV/c. The sensor performance was characterised using both irradiated and non-irradiated sensors. Irradiated samples were subjected to a maximum fluence of 8 × 1015 1 MeV neq cm-2, of both protons and neutrons. The spatial resolution is measured comparing the detected hits to the
position as predicted by tracks reconstructed by the Timepix3 telescope. The resolution is presented for different applied bias voltages and track angles, sensor thickness and implant size.
Recommended load standards for pastures in arid zones of the Russian Federation
Authors: Shagaipov M M , Shagaipov M M , Eshajieva Kh Kh
Published: June 2022

Livestock pastures are the main source of feed. However, they are vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, which are constantly under stress and as a result affect biodiversity and the quality of the pasture ecosystem. When overloading of the permissible grazing rate of animals is allowed on pastures, depending mainly on the load of pastures by cattle, leads to irreparable changes in the ecological balance in nature. Analyzing the main points of the relationship between animals and pastures, some problems are highlighted, suggestions are given on pasture turnover schemes for the main forage lands. The aim of the study was the need for rational use of pastures for grazing cattle and cattle in the semi-desert zone of the Russian Federation. For this purpose, the norms of pasture load by cattle were calculated depending on their yield and nutritional value. The nutritional value of pastures depends on the species composition of the vegetation cover. The load rate is calculated for seasonal pastures.
Prospects for improving the Azov Sea’s state in the implementation of the planned transition to the best available technologies of the enterprises of the Don River basin
Authors: Zvonkova N V , Zavyalova A A , Ozerova N V , Korolev I V , Philippov P V
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the main environmental problems of the Azov Sea. It is worth highlighting such problems as changes in salinity, temperature and general water pollution. It is shown that the main role in the deterioration of the situation is played by changes in the volume and quality of the waters of the rivers feeding the Azov Sea. The largest rivers are the Don and Kuban. These rivers are actively involved in the economic activities of the population of 15 subjects of the Russian Federation, which makes solving the problem of improving their hydrological and ecological condition an extremely difficult task. The article provides information about the adopted large-scale federal programs under which it is assumed to reduce the volume of water consumption, modernization of treatment facilities of industrial enterprises and settlements located near rivers with the use of the best available technologies, the prospects for the implementation of these programs are also outlined.
Calculation of pollution of water bodies by wastewater of the Moscow region enterprise
Authors: Rodionov S S , Bagaeva N Yu , Michurina N Yu , Reznikova I V , Shevchuk A A , Polyakova E V
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the author studies and calculates pollution of water bodies by wastewater of the Moscow region enterprise. The author reveals the general principles of determining the maximum discharge of pollutants as established standards for the water bodies quality, as well as the permissible and actual concentration, maximum permissible discharge, and total wastewater flow rate.
Environmental monitoring as a method of counteracting environmental risks in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Provodina E V
Published: June 2022

The problem of assessing environmental risks in science is covered from various angles. Its versatility is due to the intensive development of modern society and, in particular, the growth of industrial production and large-scale mining. In view of this, mechanisms that provide for forecasting and risk assessment have a significant advantage, which is characteristic of environmental monitoring. At the same time, the interrelationship of social processes, taken as its subject, the central element of which is a person, forces us to rethink the content of ecological mechanisms for environmental protection. Mechanisms for countering environmental risks should include not only technical procedures and mathematical calculations, which are widely applicable in risk assessment in the event of insurmountable natural events, for example, but also risks that can give rise to a wide range of negative consequences if natural resources are not properly treated. Taking into account the identified needs, elements of environmental monitoring were presented, forming a mechanism aimed at predicting and assessing environmental risks, which corresponds to the stated goal of the study.
Formalization of the concept of “natural safety” in nuclear technology
Authors: Okunev V S
Published: June 2022

The main purpose of the article is the formalization of the concept of “natural safety” in nuclear technology. Some concepts encountered in the design of complex technical objects, including nuclear power plants, are referred to as intuitive concepts. These are “natural safety”, “inherent safety”, “ultimate safety” and others. The solution of the problem is based on the use of the shifted ideal method for solving discrete multicriteria tasks. For clarity, two criteria are considered as an example. The problem of maximizing these criteria is solved. As a result of the study, it was possible to formalize the basic concepts used in the design of new generation safe nuclear reactors. The significance of the article is that such formalized concepts can be used in the design of new equipment and new enterprises for various purposes, including those related to the production of electrical energy.
Microbiological analysis of agropal soil with potato plantings
Authors: Kuzmina N P , Ermolaeva S V , Chevychelov A P
Published: June 2022

In this article, the soils of experimental beds of arable land with potatoes of the Tittyakh plot are studied. A general microbiological analysis of the selected soils–determination of the main ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms, as well as identification of the presence of phytopathogenic fungi contributing to potato spoilage - was carried out. It has been established that the used pesticides (herbicides) reduce the total number of microorganisms in the arable land with potatoes by 3 times and have different effectiveness against pathogenic fungi for potatoes. It was revealed that the soil at the Tittyakh site is infected with the most dangerous fungi for potatoes from the genera Fusarium, Trichoderma, Alternaria.
Impact of physico-chemical and operational factors on the process of milk skim
Authors: Chebotarev E A , Kopchenkov V G , Maksimenko A T , Borisenko Y G , Dunaenko A V
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the effect on the results of degreasing of the original milk’s temperature and acidity, the operation of the skimming machine, the periods of the separation cycle, the mechanical impact on the original product, as well as the technical condition of the separator. The results of laboratory experiments on the skimming of cold milk are provided. Practical recommendations are given.
Substantiation of the technology of functional milk-containing products using wild plants
Authors: Dotsenko S M , Guzhel Yu A , Zverkov D D
Published: June 2022

The article substantiates the possibility and expediency of creating milk-containing products of a functional orientation based on wild garlic, pine nut kernel and wild garlic-nut composition. New methods have been developed for transforming wild-growing raw materials and milk-kefir products into food systems with significant amounts of physiologically valuable and biologically active ingredients. For the received products, code designations are defined and given in accordance with national standards. The article presents the results of a study of the biochemical composition of innovative products.
Energy calculation of the temperature field of an elliptical body without internal heat sources under boundary conditions of the third kind
Authors: Kanareykin Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: June 2022

The article presents an energy calculation of an elliptical body without internal heat sources under boundary conditions of the third kind. The solution is obtained by decomposition into a trigonometric series when moving to an elliptic coordinate system. A special case was also considered for given specific sizes. The reliability of the obtained result is confirmed by the fact that the temperature distribution does not depend on the boundary conditions and on the size of the body, but is completely determined by the ambient temperature.
Method for assessing the performance of agricultural machinery
Authors: Yuzenko Y A , Tarkivsky V E , Ivanov A B , Voronin E S , Eviev V A
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the features of the operational and technological assessment of agricultural machinery. Research has been carried out and a technical tool has been developed that allows timing of technological operations in determining the operational and technological indicators of an agricultural machine. To determine such indicators as the distance traveled, speed and performance, a global navigation satellite system is used with the ability to generate vehicle movement tracks in an Internet application. The use of the proposed device will reduce subjective errors in the timing of operations and speed up testing of agricultural units.
Economic and technological assessment of triticale breeding lines
Authors: Kh Sukhanberdina L , Tulegenova D K , Sh Dzhaparov R , Denizbayev S E , Zh Turbayev A
Published: June 2022

The article presents the results of the study of breeding lines of winter hexaploid triticale in the West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University. Zhangir Khan. Selected and recommended for inclusion in the competitive variety testing variety samples - carriers of traits important for breeding: high productivity, quality indicators of grain. In terms of yield, they exceeded the performance of grain of the standard triticale variety TI 17. High grain yields were found in the breeding lines (Patriot x Vanguard) (35 c/ha), [(Patriot x Vanguard) x (Niklap x Matyrskoe)] (29.1 c/ha). ha), 9457-4/14 (26.2 centners/ha), 9523-1/14 (23.8 centners/ha), varieties Run (23.7 centners/ha). An assessment of the physical, biochemical qualities of the grain of triticale breeding lines was carried out. The analysis of baking qualities made it possible to identify lines with good baking properties: (Niklap x Victor) x Antey, KS88T, Antey x Mara. The assessment of the technological and flour-grinding and baking qualities of winter triticale grain made it possible to identify samples that, along with technological advantages, have a whole range of economically valuable properties that can become a variety of triticale for baking purposes.
Red deer breeding investment risks
Authors: Zhichkin K , Zhichkina L , Fomenko N , Mihaljeva N , Poletaeva L , Kozlovskikh L
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the analysis of risks of an investment project on the example of a project for breeding red deer in the Samara region. The purpose of the study is to determine the list and degree of risks of an investment project associated with the breeding of red deer in the Samara region. Tasks to be solved: - study of the features of the red deer as an investment object; - preparation of a feasibility study for an investment project for breeding red deer, taking into account the climatic, natural, economic and legal characteristics of the region; - determination of the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the risks of an investment project being implemented under these conditions. An investment project related to the breeding of red deer in the Samara region has a unique set of investment risks. A standard qualitative and quantitative methods for assessing the risks and sustainability of investment projects can be used to determine the structure and size. Under these conditions, the investment project has a low and medium level of investment risks, mainly due to the uniqueness of the manufactured product and significant budgetary support for the project. When determining a quantitative risk assessment, it can be seen that when the most significant parameters of the project change in the range from -20% to + 20%, its results remain positive, and the planned production volumes are significantly higher than the break-even point and exceed it by more than 10 times.
Effect of the growth regulator ORGANOSTIM on sunflower productivity in the conditions of the central climatic area of the Krasnodar region
Authors: Tishkov N M , Tilba V A , Makhonin V L , Shkarupa M V
Published: June 2022

The use of growth regulators is an effective element of sunflower cultivation technology due to the ability of this class of substances in small quantities to positively affect plant resistance to stressful conditions and pathogens, increase plant productivity and yield quality. In 2019-2020, we studied the effect of the growth regulator ORGANOSTIM® based on water solutions of taxifolin and crezacin on the yield, seed quality and yield structure indicators of sunflower on leached chernozem of the central climatic area of the Krasnodar region. Presowing seed treatment and foliar spraying at the stages of 6 true leaves development and budding contributed to a significant increase in the number of seeds per head. This resulted in an increase in sunflower seed yield by 5.2-7.3 % and an increase in oil yield by 6.3-8.6 %.
Some results of the functioning of the Natural Botanical Garden in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Muldashev A A , Maslova N V , Elizaryeva O A , Galeeva A Kh
Published: June 2022

In the Republic of Bashkortostan, since 2005, in the Natural Botanical Garden (Kushnarenkovsky district, Mountain Gurovskaya), experiments have been carried out on the introduction of rare and endangered plant species of regional flora into a new natural environment as close as possible to the ecological and phytocenotic conditions of their habitats. To date, the following areas of work have been worked out: creation of collections for the study and conservation of gene pools for 20 rare species (families Alliaceae, Fabaceae, Paeoniaceae and other); creation of long-term self-renewable reserve populations to preserve the gene pool of specific natural populations for Hedysarum razoumovianum, Globularia punctata, Oxytropis hippolyti; creation of uterine plots in order to obtain mass planting and sowing material for reintroduction work for Allium nutans; experience of evacuation to the territory of the Natural Botanical Garden of plants from natural populations doomed to destruction for A. obliquum and Iris pseudacorus. The collections include economically valuable species: ornamental, food, melliferous and medicinal. These plant collections can be used for demonstration and educational purposes.
Biotechnology methods in study of Vaccinium uliginosum L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L. in Armenia
Authors: Harutyunyan Z E , Vardanian I V , Hoveyan Z H , Avagyan A E , Hakobyan A H
Published: June 2022

The in vitro methods of Biotechnology have been used for analyzing of germination stages and grow conditions of Vaccinium L. subgenera spread in Armenia (Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium uliginosum L.). These studies reveal that optimum conditions for in vitro germination of wild blueberry Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium uliginosum seeds were: cold stratification 4-5 0C for 8 weeks, wherein the percentage of germinated seeds was 74.2 – 88.3%. The regenerative potential of shoot and root formation of the analyzed subgenera’s depends on the grow regulators composition of the medium. This Vaccinium L. in vitro study can be used for future using in breeding systems and production.
Effect of Fusarium blight, Phoma rot, and Sclerotinia blight on rapeseed and mustard plant productivity
Authors: Serdyuk O A , Trubina V S , Gorlova L A
Published: June 2022

The article presents the research data on the effect of Fusarium blight, Phoma rot, and Sclerotinia blight on the plant productivity of winter and spring rapeseed, brown mustard, and white mustard. As a result of studies, we found that Fusarium blight (the pathogens are fungi of the genus Fusarium Link) was the most harmful for the spring rapeseed, brown and white mustard – affection by it significantly decreased plant productivity. At 4 points of affection degree of plants, the harmfulness of the disease reached 71.2, 82.4, and 87.2 %, respectively. On winter rapeseed and mustard, plant productivity was considerably decreased by affection by Phoma rot in the form of a stem cancer (the pathogen is a fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et. De Not) and the stem form of Sclerotinia blight (the pathogen is a fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary.). The harmfulness of these diseases at 4 points of affection degree of plants reached 56.7 % and 66.7 % on rapeseed, and 56.6 % and 70.7 % on mustard, respectively.
Effect of minimum tillage, fertilizers and herbicides on weed abundance and crop yields
Authors: Shchukin S V , Gornich E A , Trufanov A M , Voronin A N , Vaganova N V
Published: June 2022

Minimum tillage, as an important element of the sustainable functioning of the agroecosystem, can lead to an increase in weeds in crops, especially when fertilizers are applied and the use of herbicides is reduced. This paper dwells on analyzes the results obtained during 2015-2018 on a long-term three-factor field experience, which included 4 gradations of tillage: moldboard plowing (MP), surface treatment with deep loosening (STL), surface-ploughing treatment (SP) and surface treatment (ST); 6 gradations of fertilizers: No fertilizers (F0), nitrogen (N), straw (S) straw + nitrogen (SN), straw + NPK (SNPK) NPK (NPK); 2 gradations of herbicides: Without herbicides (G0), With herbicides (WG). Our studies indicate that there is no significant effect of tillage on the number and dry weight of weeds. The positive effect of SP and SNPK on reducing the number and weight of perennial weeds and obtaining the highest yield has been established.