bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تصور مقترح لتطوير دور جامعة ذمار في خدمة المجتمع
Authors: عامر محمد الضبياني و عبدالملك محمد العفاري
Published: August 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى تقديم مقترح لتطوير دور جامعة ذمار في خدمة المجتمع، ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة أعتمد الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التطويري، وتمثل مجتمع الدراسة في الخبراء المتخصصين والبالغ عددهم (18) أستاذ. ولجمع البيانات تم تصميم استبانة تكونت من (40) فقرة موزعة على أربعة مجالات هي: (نشر الوعي المجتمعي، تقديم الاستشارات، التدريب والتعليم المستمر، البحوث التطبيقية), وبعد أن تم توزيع الاستبانة وجمعها وفق أسلوب دلفي تم تحليل أراء الخبراء بواسطة برنامج الحزم الاحصائية للدراسات الاجتماعية البرنامج (SPSS)، توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها توافق جميع الخبراء على أهمية متطلبات تطوير دور جامعة ذمار في خدمة المجتمع للمجالات الاربعة. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة قدم الباحثان تصور مقترح لتطوير دور جامعة ذمار في خدمة المجتمع.

الكلمات المفتاحية: خدمة المجتمع –جامعة ذمار– دور الجامعة في خدمة المجتمع.

Abstract

The study aimed to present a suggested proposal to develop the role of Thamar University in community service. Research adopted the developmental descriptive approach. The study population was consisted from (18) specialized experts. To collect data, a questionnaire was designed consisting of (40) items divided into four areas: (spreading community awareness, providing consultations, training and continuing education, and applied research). After the questionnaire was distributed and collected according to the Delphi method, the opinions of experts were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Studies (SPSS) program, the study reached a set of results, the most important of which is the agreement of all experts on the importance of the requirements for developing the role of Thamar University in community service. In light of the results of the study, researchers presented a proposed vision for the development of Thamar University's role in community service.

Key words: Community service - Thamar University - The university’s role in community service.
الذكاء الوجداني وعلاقته ببعض المتغيرات لدى طلبة كلية التربية – جامعة ذمار
Authors: أحمد عبدالله علي الدميني  , فؤاد محمد زايد
Published: August 2022

هدفت الدراسة: إلى التعرف على مستوى الذكاء الوجداني لدى طلبة كلية التربية في جامعة ذمار، تكون مجتمع الدراسة من طلبة المستوى الرابع المسجلين في كلية التربية جامعة ذمار، والبالغ عددهم (634) طالباً وطالبة، وقد بلغ عدد أفراد العينة(214) طالباً وطالبة من التخصصات العلمية والإنسانية، اختيروا بالطريقة العشوائية.

استخدم الباحثان مقياس الذكاء الوجداني من إعداد الباحث، تمت معالجة البيانات إحصائياً بواسطة برنامج (Spss) كما استخدم الوسائل الإحصائية التالية: معامل ارتباط بيرسون, ومعامل ألفا كرونباخ, اختبار (One Sample T.Test) لعينة واحدة لاختبار فرضيات الدراسة, اختبار (Independent Samples T.Test) لدلالة الفروق لعينتين مستقلتين, والمتوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري، أظهرت النتائج أن الطلبة يتمتعون بمستوى مرتفع من الذكاء الوجداني ، بينما لا توجد فروق معنوية وفقاً لمتغير التخصص علمي إنساني، ووجود فروق وفقا لمتغير (النوع) لصالح الذكور.
الدور المأمول من الجامعات اليمينة في خدمة المجتمع المحلي في ضوء الوظيفة الثالثة للجامعات
Authors: يحيى أحمد حسين المرهبي
Published: August 2022

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على الدور المأمول من الجامعات اليمينة في خدمة المجتمع المحلي في ضوء الوظيفة الثالثة للجامعات، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي المكتبي للتعرف على الأدبيات المتعلقة بالدور المأمول من الجامعات في خدمة المجتمع المحلي في ضوء الوظيفة الثالثة للجامعات. حيث لم تعد مهمة الجامعة هي التعليم والبحث العلمي فحسب، بل أصبحت الجامعة هي المحرك لاقتصاد المعرفة في أي مجتمع، وفي هذا الشأن، يتعين على الجامعات خدمة مجتمعها، ليس في مجال الوظيفة الأولى) التعليم)، أو الوظيفة الثانية) البحث العلمي (فحسب، بل ينبغي عليها التركيز على مشاركة المجتمع والانخراط في قضاياه وتبنيها. وهذا بدوره يضعنا أمام أهم المسلمات التي تقوم عليها علاقة الجامعة بمجتمعها، والمتمثلة في أن الجامعة جزء لا يتجزأ من المجتمع، وأن علاقة الجامعة بالمجتمع هي علاقة الجزء بالكل، وأن غاية الجامعة الحقيقية ومبرر وجودها هي (خدمة المجتمع) الذي توجد فيه، ومعنى ذلك أن ارتباط الجامعة بمجتمعها يعطيها شرعيتها ومبرر وجودها.

الكلمات المفتاحية: الدور المأمول، خدمة المجتمع، الوظيفة الثالثة.

 

Abstract:

The current research aims to identify the anticipated role of the Yemeni universities in serving the local community in light of the third function of universities. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the descriptive approach to identify the literature on the anticipated role of universities in serving the local community in light of the third function of universities. The university mission is no longer restricted to education and scientific research, but it has become the engine of the knowledge economy in any society. In this regard, universities must serve their society, not only in the field of the first and second jobs of (education) or (scientific research), but should focus on community participation, involvement in and adoption of its issues. This, in turn, places us in front of the most important principle on which the university’s relationship with its community is based is an integral part of society, and that the university’s relationship with society is the relationship of the part to the whole, and that the real purpose and justification of the university is the (community service) in which it is located. This means that the university’s connection with their community gives it legitimacy and justification.

Key words: the anticipated-role, community service, the third function.
رؤية مستقبلية لتطوير دور التعليم الجامعي بالجمهورية اليمنية إزاء التنمية المستدامة
Authors: سماح عبده علي زيد  قمحان
Published: August 2022

هدف البحث الحالي إلى تقديم رؤية مستقبلية لتطوير دور التعليم الجامعي بالجمهورية اليمنية في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة، ولتحقيق الهدف الرئيس من البحث، حددنا أهدافاً فرعية كان أولها: معرفة واقع دور التعليم الجامعي بالجمهورية اليمنية إزاء التنمية المستدامة، كما يراها الخبراء عينة البحث الحالي.

وقد استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي بنوعيه: التحليلي والذي تمثل في تحليل الأدبيات ذات العلاقة بالتعليم الجامعي ودوره في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة، والتطويري من خلال تقديم رؤية مستقبلية لتطوير الدور المفترض أن يقوم به التعليم الجامعي إزاء التنمية المستدامة في اليمن.

وتم استخدام اسلوب دلفي المعدل (Delphi)، لاستشراف مستقبل دور التعليم الجامعي بالجمهورية اليمنية في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة، من خلال تطبيق استبانة كأداة للبحث على (21) خبيراً تم اختيارهم بطريقة قصدية من أساتذة الجامعات اليمنية ومجلس الاعتماد الأكاديمي وذوي الخبرة في مجال البحث، وفقاً للخطوات العلمية المتفق عليها. و تم استخدام معامل الفا كرونباخ، والمتوسطات الحسابية، والانحرافات المعيارية، والأوزان النسبية، لتحليل بيانات البحث الحالي وتحقيق أهدافه. وفي ضوء ما سبق، توصل البحث الحالي إلى النتائج الآتية: أن واقع دور التعليم الجامعي بالجمهورية اليمنية إزاء التنمية المستدامة جاء بدرجة (صغيرة) في كل المجالات، حيث بلغ المتوسط الحسابي بوجه عام (1.27), كما تم التوصل إلى تقديم رؤية مستقبلية لتطوير دور التعليم الجامعي بالجمهورية اليمنية في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة، لكل المجالات الرئيسية المحددة بالبحث الحالي.
دراسة تحليلية لمعرفة أهم العوامل الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية والصحية المؤثرة على معدل المواليد الكلي للمرأة في الجمهورية اليمنية
Authors: فاطمة محمد علي الصمدي
Published: August 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد أهم العوامل ( الاقتصادية, الاجتماعية, الثقافية والصحية) المؤثرة على معدل المواليد أو معدل الخصوبة الكلي للمرأة في الجمهورية اليمنية، وتتمثل هذه العوامل في بعض المتغيرات المستقلة أهمها نسبة المواليد الذكور والإناث, متوسط العمر عند الزواج الأول, معدل وفيات الاطفال الرضع, نسبة الإناث الحاصلات على ثانوية عامة أو أعلى (+25), نسبة الأمية (15سنة فأكثر), نسبة الأسر التي لديها أنترنت, نسبة الإناث العاملات (من إجمالي قوة العمل%), نسبة السكان الحضر, معدل البطالة بين الإناث, متوسط نصيب الفرد من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي بالدولار الأمريكي, استخدام وسائل تنظيم الاسرة، ومعرفة مدى معنوية هذه العوامل، باستخدام التحليل الإحصائي الانحدار الخطي المتعدد، وقد تم التحليل بطريقتين، هما طريقة الإدخال العادية Enter وأيضاً طريقة الإدخال الخلفية (backward) وذلك من أجل معرفة المشاكل التي تعاني منها البيانات وطرق علاجها. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج التالية:

وجود علاقة ارتباط قوية بين المتغيرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية والصحية ومعدل المواليد الكلي, حيث بلغت (846) وهي ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى معنوية 0.05

معنوية متغير نسبة المواليد الذكور كأحد المتغيرات الاجتماعية الهامة والمؤثرة في معدل المواليد الكلي للمرأة وارتباطه بعلاقة عكسية بمعدل المواليد الكلي, معنوية متغير نسبة الإناث الحاصلات على ثانوية عامة أو أعلى (+25) وارتباطه بعلاقة عكسية بمعدل المواليد الكلي للمرأة باعتباره أحد المتغيرات الثقافية الهامة, معنوية متغير نسبة الإناث العاملات (من إجمالي قوة العمل%) وارتباطه بعلاقة عكسية مع معدل المواليد الكلي للمرأة كأحد المتغيرات الاقتصادية المؤثرة في معدل المواليد الكلي للمرأة, ارتباط متغير استخدام وسائل تنظيم الأسرة   بعلاقة عكسية مع معدل المواليد الكلي للمرأة كأحد المتغيرات الصحية المؤثرة في معدل المواليد الكلي للمرأة, عدم معنوية المتغيرات المستقلة والمتمثلة في (نسبة المواليد الإناث, معدل وفيات الاطفال الرضع, متوسط العمر عند الزواج الأول, نسبة الأمية (15سنة فأكثر), نسبة الأسر التي لديها أنترنت, متوسط نصيب الفرد من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي بالدولار الامريكي, نسبة السكان الحضر). خلو النموذج المقدر من أي مشاكل تتعلق بفرضيات الانحدار المتعدد والتي تجعل الانحدار زائفاً.

الكلمات المفتاحية: الخصوبة- نسبة المواليد الذكور والإناث- تعليم الزوجة- عمل المرأة-استخدام وسائل تنظيم الأسرة- الانحدار الخطي المتعدد- التوزيع الطبيعي للأخطاء- الارتباط الذاتي- ثبات التباين- التعدد الخطي.
خطة استراتيجية لاستثمار رأس المال الفكري في المدارس الثانوية "
Authors: أسماء محمد صالح الثجري
Published: August 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تطبيق خطة استراتيجية لاستثمار رأس المال الفكري في المدارس الثانوية، لمساعدة المدارس على تحمل مسؤولياتهم المباشرة في تحسين وتطوير أنفسهم لكي يصبحوا أكثر استقلالية في إعداد خططهم وبرامجهم التطويرية من أجل تلبية حاجاتهم الحقيقية وفي سبيل ذلك عمدت الدراسة إلى توضيح مفهوم الإدارة ب(رأس المال الفكري) في وضع الخطط المدرسية الاستراتيجية، الذي يمكن تبنيها وتطبيقها في السياق التعليمي والمدرسي، من ثم اختيار نموذج مناسب للتخطيط المدرسي يصلح للتطبيق في السياق التعليمي، تم توصيف مفاهيمه الحاكمة، ومراحله، وعملياته، أخيراً تم تصميم مصفوفة تخطيطية لدى الممارسين وفقا للنموذج المختار وقائمة الكفايات والقدرات، بناءً على اعتمادهم على (رأس المال الفكري) محددة بمجموعة من المجالات، وقد خلصت الورقة الحالية إلى مجموعة من التوصيات.

Key words))الكلمات المفتاحية: (intellectual capital) الرأس المال الفكري، ( strategic plan) الخطة الاستراتيجية، ((strategic model النموذج الاستراتيجي، ((planning matrixالمصفوفة التخطيطية.
استخدام المصفوفة الماركوفية الماصة في تحليل حركة الطلاب في قسم الطب البشري كلية الطب والعلوم الصحية (ستة سنوات) -جامعة عدن
Authors: حسين عبد الحافظ صالح عوض
Published: August 2022

يهدف هذا البحث باستخدام سلاسل ماركوف _ كونها من أفضل الوسائل التي تستخدم في هذا المجال _ إلى تقدير متوسط مدة بقاء الطالب بكلية طب الأسنان _ جامعة عدن، وكذلك تقدير نسبة الطلاب الذين سيحصلون على شهادة البكالوريوس، والذين سيتعرضون للفصل، ومتوسط الطلاب الناجحين والراسبين والمفصولين والخريجين خلال الفترة الواقعة بين 2006/2007 و2019/2020 في تحليل سلاسل ماركوف عوضًا من استخدام بيانات عام واحد.

الكلمات المفتاحية: سلاسل ماركوف، مصفوفة ماركوف الماصة، متوسط مدة البقاء، جامعة عدن.
Reinforcement Optimization Algorithm for Mobile Robot Sensor Networks Drive Motion Improvement
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Suryaprakash , Ponnusamy Thirumoorthi , Viswanathan Tamilarasu
Published: August 2022

This paper proposed four optimization algorithms for mobile robot sensor networks that improve the kinematics drive motion in a reference map environment. The standard procedure followed in mobile robot sensor measurements considers a problem statement for relating the sensor measurements with a reference map. The initial path shows that the existing methods lack consideration of more sensor points without considering the boundary constraints and obstacles. The probabilistic path map can be rearranged according to the current location to improve the better drive motion, as well as to obey the fundamental kinematics equations. he obstacle crossing led to the development of new algorithms. Implementation of schemes is achieved in different map environments, and the accuracy of results outperforms conventional methods by 84.21 % to 96.94 %.
Adaptive State Feedback Control Method Based on Recursive Least Squares
Authors: Levent Mehmet Latif , Aydogdu Omer
Published: August 2022

This study revealed an adaptive state feedback control method based on recursive least squares (RLS) that is introduced for a time-varying system to work with high efficiency. Firstly, a system identification block was created that gives the mathematical model of the time-varying system using the input/output data packets of the controller system. Thanks to this block, the system is constantly monitored to update the parameters of the system, which change over time. Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is renewed according to these updated parameters, and self-adjustment of the system is provided according to the changed system parameters. The Matlab/Simulink state-space model of the variable loaded servo (VLS) system module was obtained for the simulation experiments in this study; then the system was controlled. Moreover, experiments were carried out on the servo control experimental equipment of the virtual simulation laboratories (VSIMLABS). The effectiveness of the proposed new method was observed taking the performance indexes as a reference to obtain the results of the practical application of the proposed method. Regarding the analysis of simulation and experimental results, the proposed approach minimizes the load effect and noise and the system works at high efficiency.
Lithium-Iron-Phosphate Battery Performance Controlled by an Active BMS Based on the Battery-to-Cell Method
Authors: Kurpiel Wojciech , Polnik Bartosz , Hylla Piotr , Miedzinski Bogdan , Habrych Marcin , Debita Grzegorz
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the results of research on the efficiency of a battery assembled with lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFeP04) cells when managed by an active Battery Management System (BMS) using the “battery-to-cell” energy transfer. This arrangement was especially developed by the authors and is intended for use in a selected suspended mining vehicle. The main emphasis was placed on variation of the two most important factors limiting in practice the effective use of a selected battery: a battery heating during operation and its voltage (power) fade over time. The advantage of the active BMS developed using the “battery-to-cell” energy transfer was compared both with the active BMS based on the cell-to-battery method and with the passive BMS as well. Particular attention was paid to the performance of the BMS balancing effect during the simulated unequal discharging of randomly selected cells (from 12 % to about 40 % of all cells number in the battery). The results obtained allowed for the formulation of appropriate conclusions and practical recommendations.
Relationen
Authors: Schmidl Alexander
Published: August 2022

Die in der vorliegenden Studie vorgestellte postphänomenologische Soziologie untersucht die komplexen Weltzugänge und Wirklichkeitskonstruktionen einer technologisierten Spätmoderne. Grundlage bildet das Konzept der Postphänomenologie von Don Ihde und die darin beschriebene Vielfalt an Technologien, die den Körper erweitern (embodiment relation), ihn um Messtechnologien ergänzen (hermeneutic relation), ein ernstzunehmendes Gegenüber bilden (alterity relation), im Hintergrund arbeiten (background relation) oder sich Peter-Paul Verbeek zufolge sogar mit dem Körper (cyborg relation) oder der Welt (immersion relation) verbinden.

Erweitert wird dieses Konzept um eine soziologische Perspektive, vor allem orientiert an der phänomenologischen Soziologie und der Wissenssoziologie. Analysiert werden damit schrittweise die körperliche Erfahrung des Subjekts, ihre technisch bedingte Veränderung, ihre Verbindung mit den Erfahrungen anderer Subjekte und schließlich, wie Subjekte auf Basis dieser Erfahrungen ein geteiltes Verständnis von Wirklichkeit aushandeln. Die dergestalt entwickelte postphänomenologischen Soziologie wird empirisch, unter Einbezug der Methoden der qualitativen Sozialforschung, weiter expliziert, und zwar anhand der Rolle der Assistenzsysteme beim Autofahren, des Umgangs von Diabetiker:innen mit Blutzuckermessgeräten und Insulinpumpen sowie anhand der dokumentarfilmischen Darstellung zum Umgang mit sozialen Robotern. Es zeigt sich: Durch die Vielfalt an Technologien und entsprechenden Erfahrungsweisen gewinnen jene Kompetenzen an Bedeutung, mit denen zwischen ihnen übersetzt und vermittelt werden kann. ›Common Sense‹ gründet sich dann nicht mehr in der Annahme einer Ähnlichkeit aller Weltzugänge, sondern in gelungenen Abstimmungsprozessen.
Application of Deep Learning and Speech Recognition Technology for Pedestrian Face Recognition in health sectors
Authors: Shi Shuang
Published: August 2022

Aiming at the problems of traditional face recognition methods, this paper proposes the application of deep learning and speech recognition technology in pedestrian face recognition. Firstly, the pedestrian face image information is collected, and the face image is decomposed by wavelet scale. The improved detail enhanced face image is obtained, and Harris adaptive threshold corner detection is performed on the enhanced face image. The feature points of pedestrian face image is extracted and matched, and the local radial transformation of points and lines and the Epipolar constraint between multiple planes are adopted. Combined with the constraints of the angle and gray approximation measure of the line features of the face image, the line matching of the face close range image is completed. The 3D line features of the pedestrian face image are extracted and fitted by using the principle of face to face intersection. Combined with the pedestrian face image recognition algorithm, the pedestrian face recognition is realized. The experimental results show that the pedestrian face recognition method based on deep learning and speech recognition technology has better performance.
Application of wireless mobile communication technology in nursing and pharma profession
Authors: Wang Wei , Lingling Sun  , Guoqing Gu  , Yue Zhao
Published: August 2022

At present, the commonly used remote physiological information monitoring method in the field of nursing is limited in application, and has poor real-time performance and anti-interference ability. Therefore, through the research of remote monitoring method based on wireless mobile communication, the application of wireless mobile communication technology in nursing professional field was explored. Using ZigBee technology to build a wireless mobile communication network architecture, through which the ECG data analysis and diagnosis of patient monitoring terminal are transmitted. Using TDOA ranging technology to quickly locate the position of patients, so as to ensure the medical effect. Compared with the traditional remote monitoring method, the wireless mobile communication technology has the advantages of fast response, stable monitoring and high sensitivity.
Research on Music Style Classification and health care Based on Neural Network
Authors: Xu Liya
Published: August 2022

The current music style classification method is based on high-dimensional feature matrix, which has the problem of large space cost and low classification accuracy. In view of the above problems, this paper studies the music style classification method based on neural network. The MFCC features of music are extracted by processing the music to be classified in two steps: weighting and windowing. The RNN neural network is trained by the sample music set to classify the music styles. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional method, the proposed music style classification method improves the classification accuracy by at least 16.36%, and the space and time cost of the method is small, and the practical application effect is better.
Reliability of Knowledge Service Provider Attributes to Achieve Innovation in Green Products: An Analytical Study
Authors: Sahib Roaa Abdul Kareem
Published: August 2022

The current study aimed to measure the reliability of knowledge service provider attributes of (Knowledge Embeddedness, knowledge distance) to achieve the innovation in green products of (Green Design, Green Operations) with a sample of employees of Al-Aitihad Industrial Company in Babylon Governorate, which included the study sample of the companys two employees (131) employees, Therefore, the problem of the study was formulated on the extent to which the characteristics of the knowledge provider to achieve innovation in green products in the research company. In order to achieve the studys objectives and indicate its problem, a hypothetical scheme was built to clarify the correlation and impact relationships between the study variables, and to elaborate on the formulation of special hypotheses measured in the statistical package of the program. (AMOS.V.27), also used a set of statistical methods of confirmatory working analysis, Cronbachs-alpha coefficient, and determination coefficient (R2), natural distribution of data, and descriptive statistics of computational medium and standard deviation, The results of the study showed the industrial companys awareness of the importance of attention to knowledge service provider attributes and innovation in green products to improve the performance of its work and preserve the environment. In addition to the companys interest in following environmental guidelines to instruct customers to pay attention to the environment and control the devices and tools that preserve the environment, as well as encouraging customers to take responsibility for their actions.
NOVA ERA CAPITALISTA E PERCURSOS IDENTITÁRIOS ALTERNATIVOS
Authors: Paiva Vanilda , Calheiros Vera
Published: August 2022

Este artigo aborda questões suscitadas, no plano das identidades, pelas transformações que marcam o mundo do trabalho, a vida social e a experiência subjetiva dos indivíduos nas últimas décadas. Propõe o conceito de Nova Era Capitalista para o tratamento deste período histórico – ressaltando, simultaneamente, a profundidade da mudança e seu caráter capitalista – e noções como as de griffe, adequadas à abordagem da fragmentação e da personalização que caracterizam os processos em curso. Assinala a importância da assimilação da teoria e das práticas “alternativas” pela Nova Era Capitalista. Propõe tratar a questão da identidade a partir da noção de “percursos identitários”. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Nova Era Capitalista, New Age, percursos identitários, trabalho, patchwork, alternativo, griffe. NEW CAPITALIST ERA AND ALTERNATIVE IDENDITY PATHS This article approaches the questions that were raised in the plan of identities by the transformations that mark the world of work, and the individuals’ social life and subjective experience during the last decades. It proposes the New Capitalist Era concept to analyze this historic period. It simultaneously emphasizes the depth of the change and its capitalist features, as well as concepts, such as the griffe one, suit able for the fragmentation and personalization approach that characterizes the ongoing processes. It stresses the importance of the theory of assimilation and “alternative” practices by the New Capitalist Era. It proposes to deal with he identity issue based on the “identity paths” concept. KEYWORDS: New capitalist Era, New Age, identity paths, work, patchwork, alternative, and griffe. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
O ACESSO AO ENSINO SUPERIOR: gênero e raça
Authors: Queiroz Delcele
Published: August 2022

A pretensão do trabalho é aportar alguma contribuição à reflexão sobre o acesso à formação superior, numa perspectiva de gênero e raça, isto é, que se preocupe em compreender a vinculação da mulher com o mundo do trabalho na sua relação com o universo masculino, tomando em consideração o seu pertencimento racial. A pesquisa analisa dados sobre o acesso dos estudantes à Universidade Federal da Bahia, no período 1993 a 1997, procurando perceber de que modo se associam gênero e cor, para determinar o sua inserção nas careiras do ensino superior. A análise evidencia que a expectativa da sociedade, em geral, e do grupo familiar, em particular, agindo sobre a mulher desde muito cedo, direcionam suas escolhas para o que é esperado como o papel feminino. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Trabalho, formação superior, gênero, raça, família. ACCESS TO ACADEMIC TEACHING: gender and race The objective of the work is to contribute to thoughts on academic education in a gender and race perspective, namely the ones concerned in understanding the woman’s link in the world of the work, as far as the relationship with the masculine universe is concerned, bearing in mind the idea of belonging to a race. The research analyzes data on the access of students to the Federal University of Bahia in the 1993-1997 period, in order to realize the way gender and color are associated to determine the insertion in the academic teaching career. The analysis shows that the society expectancy and family group pressures on the girl’s childhood guide her choices towards what is considered a feminine role. KEYWORDS: Work, academic education, gender, race, family Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
ATITUDES RACIAIS: explorando possibilidades de comparação entre Brasil e Estados Unidos
Authors: Mitchell Michael
Published: August 2022

O artigo parte de um breve quadro da evolução da pesquisa do tipo survey, com o propósito de mostrar como este método contribuiu para a reforma social, seguindo uma tradição que se pode chamar de pesquisa com compromissos. Com base em trabalhos publicados, principalmente nos Estados Unidos, aponta caminhos para a construção de um quadro conceitual que permita comparações sistemáticas das atitudes políticas dos afro-brasileiros e dos afro-norte-americanos. Ao longo do artigo, o autor indica que as respostas de cada grupo podem estar condicionadas por circunstâncias históricas particulares e por características específicas de seus respectivos sistemas políticos, mas isto não elimina as possibilidades de explorar semelhanças nas formas de lidar com mitos raciais hegemônicos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Atitude racial, política, mitos hegemônicos, pesquisa comparativa, afro-brasileiros, afro-norte-americanos. RACIAL ATTITUDES: exploring the possibilities of comparison between Brazil and the United States Michael Mitchell The starting point of this article is a summarized chart of the evolution of a survey. Its objective is to demonstrate how this method can contribute to the social reform, following a tradition called research with commitment. Based on papers published mainly in the United States, it focus on the conceptual framework that enables the systematic comparisons of the political attitudes adopted by Afro-Brazilians and Afro-Americans. Throughout the article, the author shows that the answers given by each group can be conditioned to special historic circumstances and to the specific features of their respective political systems. Nevertheless, this does not eliminate the possibilities of exploring similarities when dealing with racial hegemonic myths. KEY WORDS: Racial attitude, policy, hegemonic myths, comparative research, Afro-Brazilians and Afro-Americans. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
A ENGENHARIA DA SUBORDINAÇÃO – Os Estados Unidos e o subdesenvolvimento africano nas décadas
Authors: Ferreira Muniz Gonçalves
Published: August 2022

O artigo avalia as implicações da política externa norte-americana sobre os processos de desenvolvimento econômico e social dos países do continente africano. Tomando como ponto de partida as expectativas otimistas cultivadas pelos líderes dos movimentos de libertação nacional nas décadas de 60 e 70, tematiza o significado amplamente desfavorável para as nações africanas dos programas de reestruturação econômica e da reconquista da superioridade estratégico-militar, implementados pelas administrações norte-americanas nos anos 80 e 90. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: África, desenvolvimento, Estados Unidos, relações internacionais, neocolonialismo. THE ENGINEERING OF SUBORDINATION. The United States and the African Underdevelopment in the 80’s and 90’s Muniz Gonçalves Ferreira The article evaluates the implications of the North-American external policy on the economic and social development processes in countries in the African continent. Having as a starting point the optimistic expectancies cultivated by the leaders of the national liberation movement in the 60 and 70’s, the topic of the essay is the highly unfavorable meaning for the African Nations of the economic restructuring programs and the re-conquest of the strategic-military superiority implemented by the North-American administrations in the 80 and 90’s. KEY WORDS: Africa, development, United States, international relationships, neocolonialism. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
AS RELAÇÕES ECONÔMICAS BRASIL – ANGOLA (1975-1988)
Authors: Humberto Sílvio
Published: August 2022

Este artigo analisa a natureza das relações econômicas Brasil – Angola no período compreendido entre 1975-1988, objetivando apreender as razões que levaram o Brasil a ser o primeiro país a reconhecer a independência angolana, proclamada pelo MPLA, de tendência marxista, quando o quadro político brasileiro era de cerceamento das liberdades individuais. Para entender a complexidade dessa tomada de posição do Brasil, foi fundamental analisar o peso dos fatores não-econômicos no estreitamento dos laços entre os dois países. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Relações internacionais, África, Brasil-Angola, relações sul-sul, economia- cultura THE BRAZIL-ANGOLA ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS (1975-1988) Silvio Humberto dos Passos Cunha This article analyses the nature of the economic relationships between Brazil and Angola in the 1975-1988 period. Its objective is to understand the reasons that made Brazil the first country to recognize Angola’s independence announced by the MPLA, of Marxist trend, at a time when the Brazilian political situation limited individual freedom. In order to understand the complexity of the position adopted by Brazil, it was vital to analyze the weight of the non-economic factors in the narrowing of ties between the two countries. KEY WORDS: International Relationships, Africa, Brazil-Angola, relationships South-South, economy-culture Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
TRABALHO FLEXÍVEL E O NOVO INFORMAL
Authors: Lima Jacob Carlos , Bezerra Maria José
Published: August 2022

O artigo analisa a retomada dos estudos sobre informalidade, agora dentro do paradigma da flexibilidade, tendo como referência o crescimento do chamado setor informal nos países de capitalismo avançado. Sustenta o caráter polêmico do conceito e sua aplicabilidade voltada a situações particulares em contextos de reestruturação econômica. Apresenta o caso do tradicional cluster do vestuário, formado pelas cidades de Santa Cruz do Capibaribe e Toritama em Pernambuco, totalmente organizado na informalidade desde os anos 60, e as mudanças em curso a partir dos anos 90.              PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Informalidade, trabalho flexível, trabalhadores do vestuário, trabalho eventual, pequena produção.                                                                  FLEXIBLE WORK AND THE NEW INFORMAL SECTOR The paper analyses the retaking of the studies on informality inserted into the flexibility paradigm, having as a reference the growth of the so-called informal sector in the countries where capitalism has reached an advanced level. It supports the polemic feature of the concept and its applicability in economical restructuring contexts. It presents the traditional clothing cluster formed by the cities of Santa Cruz do Capibaribe and Toritama Pernambuco, in the Northeast of Brazil, totally informality centered from the 60s on and the ongoing  changes  from the 90s on. KEY WORDS: Informality, flexible work, clothing workers, eventual work, small production. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
GÊNERO E MERCADO DE TRABALHO NA GRANDE SALVADOR – um breve comparativo entre as décadas de 80 e 90
Authors: De Souza Laumar Neves , Rodarte Mario Marcos , Filgueiras Luiz Antônio
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho procura identificar os principais traços que distinguem a natureza da ocupação das mulheres na segunda metade dos anos 90, no mercado de trabalho da RMS, da ocorrida no final dos anos 80, privilegiando os aspectos que a diferenciam daquela apresentada pelos homens. O ponto de vista, de caráter mais geral, aqui definido é que as mudanças ocorridas na econômia brasileira, a partir do final dos anos 80 e início dos 90, impactaram, de forma diferenciada, o modo e as carecterísticas da inserção (ocupação) de homens e mulheres no mercado de trabalho da RMS, implicando uma redução das assimetrias estruturais entre gêneros, previamente existentes. E que esse movimento de diminuição das desigualdades se fez tanto em virtude da piora (precarização) da inserção (ocupação) masculina quanto de uma melhoria geral da inserção (ocupação) feminina, proporcionada por fatores como a elevação da sua escolaridade média. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mercado de trabalho, trabalho, gênero, mulher e desigualdade. GENDER AND LABOR MARKET IN SALVADOR'S METROPOLITAN REGION - a brief comparsion between the 80's and the 90's This paper tries to idenitfy the main features that distinguish the nature of women's occupation during the 90's second half in the labor market in Salvador's Metropolitan Region from the that occured in the late 80s, highlighting the aspects that differentiate it from the men's. The most general starting point defined here is that the changes that took place in the Brazilian economy, from the late 80s and early 90s had a strong impact on the way and characteristics of men and women's insertion (occupation) in the labor market in Salvador's Metropolitan Region, implying the reduction of the previously existing structural asymmetry between genders. It also shows that this inequality diminishing movement took place thanks to the worsening (precarization) of the masculine insertion (occupation) as well as to the general improvement of the feminine insertion (occupation), enabled by factors, namely the avarage schooling upgrading. KEY WORDS: Labor market, work, gender, women, inequality. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
REVOLUÇÃO NO TRABALHO? O CASO DO REPENSAR
Authors: Lemos Denise
Published: August 2022

(37) 11 Denise Lemos O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar uma experiência de mudança organizacional que se desenvolveu na Copene - Petrquímica do Nordeste S.A, no período de 1988 à 1992, e foi conduzida pelo órgão de Recursos Humanos. O eixo central da intervenção foi a organização do trabalho, no sentido de romper com a lógica taylorista, buscando a integração da concepção e execução de desenvolvimento de maior autonomia, participação e criatividade. Os resultados mostraram uma experiência inovadora em relação às práticas de gestão de pessoal nas organizações do Brasil. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Organização do trabalho, mudança organizacional, taylorismo, alienação do trabalho, recursos humanos. Revolution on the job? a "second thought" case Denise Lemos The objective of this study is to evaluate an experience of organizational change that took place at Copene - Petrquímica do nordeste S.A, in the 1988-1992 period, conducted by the Human Resources Department. the central axis of the intervention was the labor organization in order to break the taylorism logic, searching the integration of conception and execution, developing greater autonomy, participation and criativity. The results show an innovating experience in terms of personnel management practices in the orgamizations in Brazil. KEY WORDS: Labor organization, organizational change, taylorism, labor alienation, human resources. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
“Trabalho Informal” : um paralelo entre os trabalhadores de rua da cidade de Salvador no século XIX e no século XXI
Authors: Durães Bruno José
Published: August 2022

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Deve o Brasil se retirar das negociações da ALCA?
Authors: Guimarães Samuel Pinheiro
Published: August 2022

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A REVITALIZAÇÃO DOS CENTROS HISTÓRICOS DAS CIDADES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Freitag Bárbara
Published: August 2022

Este artigo apresenta uma tipologia das cidades brasileiras, leva em consideração alguns aspectos do patrimônio urbano: (a) cidades históricas abandonadas, em ruínas; (b) cidades coloniais intocadas que sobreviveram pelo olvido no tempo, sendo redescobertas hoje; (c) cidades históricas em sua origem que sofreram o “arrastão da modernização” sem maiores cuidados em preservar seus centros antigos; (d) cidades sem história, que saíram da prancheta do urbanista, tipo Goiânia; e (e) cidades utópicas que nunca saíram do papel, como o projeto de Le Corbusier para o Rio de Janeiro. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sociologia urbana, teoria das cidades, tipologias urbanas, patrimônio histórico, preservação urbana. THE REVITALIZATION OF HISTORIC CENTERS OF THE BRAZILIAN CITIES Bárbara Freitag This article presents a typology of Brazilian historical cities: a) historical cities in ruins, like Alcântara; (b) cities from colonial times which were forgotten for centuries and have now been rediscovered, like Parati and Tiradentes; (c) cities with a colonial past which suffered the destruction of modern times, with almost nothing left from its former history, such as Recife and Fortaleza; (d) modern cities without a past, which have been designed by urbanists, such as Belo Horizonte, Goiânia, Brasília, and (e) utopian cities, which were never realized, like Le Corbusier’s project for Rio de Janeiro. KEY WORDS: Urban sociology, theory of the cities, urban typologies, cultural legacy, urban preservation LA RÉNOVATION DES CENTRES HISTORIQUES DES VILLES BRÉSILIENNES Bárbara Freitag Cet article présente une typologie des villes brésiliennes en tenant compte de certains aspects du patrimoine urbain: (a) des villes historiques abandonnées, en ruines; (b) des villes coloniales intouchables ayant survécu dans le temps en raison de l’oubli, et qui ont été redécouvertes aujourd’hui; (c) des villes historiques à leur origine, ayant subi l’“arrastão de la modernisation” sans que des soins majeurs aient été pris pour préserver leur centres-villes anciens; (d) des villes sans histoire, étant sorties des planches à dessin de l’urbaniste, comme Goiânia; et (e) des villes utopiques qui ne sont jamais sorties du papier, comme le projet de Le Corbusier pour la ville de Rio de Janeiro. MOTS-CLÉS: Sociologie urbaine, théorie des villes, typologies urbaines, patrimoine historique, préservation urbaine. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
A single amino acid change makes a rat neuronal sodium channel highly sensitive to pyrethroid insecticides
Authors: Vais H. , Atkinson S. , Eldursi N. , Devonshire A.L. , Williamson M.S. , Usherwood P.N.R.
Published: July 2002

Two amino acid substitutions in a housefly sodium channel, L1014F in domain IIS6 and M918T in the IIS4–S5 linker, have been identified in kdr and super‐kdr pyrethroid‐resistant phenotypes, respectively. Unlike their native insect counterparts, mammalian sodium channels are only weakly sensitive to pyrethroids. Do the sodium channels of mammal and pyrethroid‐resistant housefly share similar structural characteristics that account for their low pyrethroid sensitivities? We report here that substitution of isoleucine for methionine at position 874 (equivalent to the super‐kdr site 918 in the housefly) in the rat IIA α‐subunit causes a 100‐fold increase in sensitivity.
An Efficient Enzymatic Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation by Engineered Escherichiacoli Cells under Non‐Growing Conditions
Authors: Walton Adam Z. , Stewart Jon D.
Published: July 2002

Economical methods of supplying NADPH must be developed before biotransformations involving this cofactor can be considered for large‐scale applications. We have studied the enzymatic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone as a model for this class of reactions and developed a simple approach that uses whole, non‐growing Escherichia coli cells to provide high productivity (0.79 g ϵ‐caprolactone/L/h ≡ 18 μmol ϵ‐caprolactone/min/g dcw) and an 88% yield. Glucose supplied the reducing equivalents for this process, and no exogenous cofactor was required. The volumetric productivity of non‐growing cells was an order of magnitude greater than that achieved with growing cells of the same strain. Cells of an engineered E. coli strain that overexpresses Acinetobacter sp. cyclohexanone monooxygenase were grown under inducing conditions in rich medium until the entry to stationary phase; the subsequent cyclohexanone oxidation was carried out in minimal salts medium lacking a nitrogen source. After the biotransformation was complete, the lactone product was adsorbed to a solid support and recovered by washing with an organic solvent.
Dimerization of mammalian adenylate cyclases
Authors: Gu Chen , Cali James J. , Cooper Dermot M. F.
Published: July 2002

Mammalian adenylate cyclases are predicted to possess complex topologies, comprising two cassettes of six transmembrane‐spanning motifs followed by a cytosolic, catalytic ATP‐binding domain. Recent studies have begun to provide insights on the tertiary assembly of these proteins; crystallographic analysis has revealed that the two cytosolic domains dimerize to form a catalytic core, while more recent biochemical and cell biological analysis shows that the two transmembrane cassettes also associate to facilitate the functional assembly and trafficking of the enzyme. The older literature had suggested that adenylate cyclases might form higher order aggregates, although the methods used did not necessarily provide convincing evidence of biologically relevant events. In the present study, we have pursued this question by a variety of approaches, including rescue or suppression of function by variously modified molecules, coimmunoprecipitation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis between molecules in living cells. The results strongly suggest that adenylate cyclases dimerize (or oligomerize) via their hydrophobic domains. It is speculated that this divalent property may allow adenylate cyclases to participate in multimeric signaling assemblies.
System validation and work practice efficiency gains of a new localization method for stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Ebert Martin A , Herbert Clare E , Spry Nigel A , Harper Chris S , Perry Adrian M. , Poller John , Whittall David , Taylor Russell , Wilkinson Steve , Joseph David J
Published: July 2002

The increased procedural demands of stereotactic localization techniques when compared with conventional treatment practices reduces machine efficiency, an outcome likely to be greatly magnified by the introduction of fractionation to stereotactic techniques. Currently in Australia and New Zealand there are no guidelines for the definition of efficiency. We sought to devise a system to simultaneously validate the accuracy and efficiency of the technique. The frameless relocation methods employed in the Medtronic Sofamor Danek (MSD) stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) system were studied in the clinical setting. Accuracy has been determined according to the accumulation of errors throughout the planning and treatment process. The clinical demands of the system (staffing and resources) were analysed relative to conventional treatment approaches. Timing studies indicate a mean time of 19.7 min for treatment of a daily SRT fraction (4–5 arcs, single isocentre). Cost and staffing requirements are similar to those for conventional radiotherapy. It is concluded that with the system used, SRT is efficient for routine clinical implementation, with the level of efficiency increasing with increasing patient numbers. It is recommended that a common acceptance standard be developed to allow cross‐institutional comparison of the clinical efficiency of new treatment techniques.
Influence of p-InP buffer layers on submicron InGaAs/InP junction field-effect transistors
Authors: Steiner K. , Seiler U. , Heime K. , Kuphal E.
Published: July 2002

Strong carrier confinement in the active region of field-effect transistors is important for submicron devices. It is shown that in InGaAs junction field-effect transistors (JFETs) the introduction of a p-type InP buffer layer with high p-type dopant concentration (NA=2×1017 cm−3) supresses short-channel effects even in the submicron gate regime. By lowering the p-type concentration below 1017 cm−3 and reducing the thickness of the buffer layer, higher output conductances, threshold voltage shifts, and worse pinch-off behavior result especially at shorter gate lengths. InGaAs JFETs without a buffer layer exhibit tremendous short-channel effects. It is concluded that high potential barriers at the channel substrate heterointerface are necessary for control of InGaAs JFET performance over a wide range of gate length.
Hybrid approach to two-dimensional surface-emitting diode laser arrays
Authors: Donnelly J. P. , Bailey R. J. , Wang C. A. , Simpson G. A. , Rauschenbach K.
Published: July 2002

A new hybrid structure for two-dimensional surface-emitting diode laser arrays has been demonstrated. Each hybrid array consists of linear arrays of GaAs/AlGaAs lasers, with conventional cleaved end facets, that are mounted in grooves etched in a Si substrate. The etched grooves have flat bottoms and 45° sidewalls that are coated with a highly reflecting Cr/Au layer. A hybrid array with three 4-mm-wide GaAs/AlGaAs linear laser arrays has been fabricated and tested. Approximately 10 W of peak power perpendicular to the array surface was obtained from each of the linear arrays for 11–12 A of pulsed current per array. The measured differential quantum efficiencies were 65–70%, indicating that the 45° metallized sidewalls deflect by 90° essentially all of the light emitted from the laser facets. The new approach allows for the use of integral Si heat sinks and should prove useful for fabricating large, high-power, two-dimensional laser arrays in any material system.
Microstructure of epitaxial YbBa2Cu3O7 superconducting films grown by a new liquid-gas-solidification technique
Authors: Chen C. H. , Chen H. S. , Liou S. H.
Published: July 2002

We have studied the microstructures of epitaxial YbBa2Cu3O7 superconducting films grown on SrTiO3[100] and [110] substrates by a new liquid-gas-solidification processing technique. Films grown on SrTiO3[100] and [110] substrates are epitaxially oriented with [001] and [110] axes normal to the film surface. Twinned domains of ∼200 Å in size are observed in the [001] oriented films. Most defects observed can be attributed to the presence of stacking faults along the c axis. The presence of Cu-O bilayer defects is also observed. Rapid oxygen diffusion in the liquid phase is found to play an important role in the microstructure of the thin films.
Proton radiation damage in superconducting EuBa2Cu3Ox and GdBa2Cu3Ox
Authors: Willis J. O. , Cooke D. W. , Brown R. D. , Cost J. R. , Smith J. F. , Smith J. L. , Aikin R. M. , Maez M.
Published: July 2002

Sintered samples of EuBa2Cu3Ox and GdBa2Cu3Ox with x≂7 have been irradiated at 90 °C with 800 MeV protons. The superconducting transition temperature decreases 1.7 K/1017 pcm−2 for both materials. The critical magnetization current density, characterizing intragranular conduction, increases a factor of 3 at zero field and relatively larger factors for finite magnetic fields at 7 and 75 K for fluences on the order of 1017 pcm−2. No and only minor differences between irradiated and unirradiated specimens were seen in calorimetric and transmission electron microscopy analyses, respectively.
Effect of integrated circuit metallization linewidth on the distribution of electromigration lifetimes
Authors: Dulniak R. J.
Published: July 2002

Two sets of experiments have been carried out to investigate the effect of linewidth on the electromigration median time to failure and the standard deviation. The experiments were carefully designed to eliminate systematic sources of error and to leave linewidth as the only variable. The results show that as the linewidth is reduced to the film thickness value, both the median time to failure and the standard deviation dramatically increase.