bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tendência temporal e distribuição espacial da mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito – Piauí, 2000-2017
Authors: Sousa Roniele Araújo de , Sá Sousa Cyntia Meneses de , Silva Flávia Raymme Soares , Rodrigues Malvina Thais Pacheco , Cardoso Osmar de Oliveira , Mascarenhas Márcio Dênis Medeiros
Published: August 2020

Objetivo. Analisar a tendência temporal e a distribuição espacial da mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito (AT) no Piauí, de 2000 a 2017. Métodos. estudo ecológico de séries temporais, com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), referentes à mortalidade por AT em residentes do estado do Piauí, segundo sexo, faixa etária e município. Empregou-se regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados. Registraram-se 14.396 óbitos, com taxa de mortalidade por 100 mil habitantes de 13,9 em 2000 e 30,6 em 2017. Houve aumento significativo na taxa de mortalidade por AT (variação percentual anual [VPA] de 6,4% – IC95% 4,3;8,7), maior entre motociclistas (VPA=14,7% – IC95% 9,7;20,0) e entre ocupantes de veículos (VPA=15,2 – IC95% 10,5;20,2). Conclusão. Houve aumento significativo da mortalidade por AT no Piauí, principalmente de motociclistas e ocupantes de veículos. São necessárias ações para promover a segurança viária e prevenir mortes no trânsito.
Trabalhando a cariotipagem na sala de aula: análise das principais cromossomopatias
Authors: Craveiro Sarmento Aquiles Sales , De Sena Fontinele Delanne Cristina Souza , De Melo Campos Julliane Tamara Araújo , De Oliveira Ana Helena Sales
Published: August 2020

As mutações cromossômicas humanas consistem em alterações numéricas ou estruturais que podem acarretardiferentes síndromes genéticas ou até mesmo a inviabilidade do feto. A citogenética humana trata do estudo doscromossomos, principalmente por meio da correlação do cariótipo com a apresentação clínica dos pacientes. Opresente estudo propõe a visualização das diferenças e semelhanças entre os cromossomos, com o objetivo deestimular o agrupamento manual para a montagem de um cariótipo humano normal ou com alteraçõescromossômicas. Para tanto, apresenta uma sequência metodológica didática e de ampla aplicação, um recursoque auxiliará a compreensão de conteúdos da disciplina de genética por meio das técnicas de montagem e análisedo cariótipo humano, bem como a identificação de cromossomopatias. Este material pedagógico é um recursobastante dinâmico e de baixo custo, que pode ser utilizado no ensino médio ou superior para complementar a aulaexpositiva e estimular a participação ativa dos discentes.
The teaching of biochemistry and microbiology through practical classes in an interdisciplinary approach
Authors: Cavalcante José Fernando Mourão
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar impacto do ensino e aprendizado de conceitos de bioquímica e microbiologia, por meio do atividades práticas, no ensino da Biologia. Os participantes da pesquisa foram alunos do ensino médio do IFCE-Iguatu, Ceará, Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada conforme as exigências éticas e científicas da resolução 466/2012. A pesquisa foi fundamentada em metodologias ativas, a partir da intervenção pedagógica e, as ações foram divididas em duas etapas: a primeira consistiu na elaboração e aplicação das atividades práticas e a segunda, tratou-se da avaliação de aulas práticas e aplicação de questionário específico. As aulas práticas foram avaliadas pelos alunos por meio de um questionário com perguntas diretas usando a escala hedônica estruturada de cinco pontos. Aplicou-se técnica de Brainstorming sobre conceitos que os alunos tinham antes e depois dos experimentos. Conclui-se que ensino de bioquímica e microbiologia, por meio de aulas práticas, com uma abordagem interdisciplinar tiveram importante impacto no aprendizado dos alunos, resultando na construção de conhecimentos, motivação, facilitação da aprendizagem, e promoção da qualidade de vida dos alunos.
Efeitos da ofuroterapia no relaxamento e ganho de peso em recém-nascidos prematuros na unidade de cuidados neonatal
Authors: De Lemos Gustavo Coringa , De Almeida Tatiana Vitória Costa , Pinto Mariana Mendes , De Medeiros Ana Irene Carlos
Published: August 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Os métodos de banho humanizado são os mais indicados na assistência de recém-nascidos pré-termos (RNPT’s) de baixo peso, por proporcionar a estes uma melhor resposta adaptativa ao ambiente extrauterino, contribuindo para melhora na organização dos sistemas comportamentais, motores e fisiológicos, assim como no desenvolvimento saudável dessa população, através do relaxamento decorrente da imersão do corpo em água morna, evitando assim o gasto energético. OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da ofuroterapia no relaxamento e ganho de peso de RNPT’s, clinicamente estáveis, admitidos em uma Unidade de Cuidados Intermediários Neonatais (UCIN). MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, de caráter descritivo e quase exploratório, com uma amostra de 10 recém-nascidos admitidos na UCIN Canguru, do Hospital Maternidade Almeida Castro, Mossoró/RN, Brasil. A população estudada, de baixo peso, foi submetida a 2 sessões semanais de aplicação do método, por 10 minutos em dias alternados. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa estatisticamente no ganho de peso (p=0,127). Nas variáveis hemodinâmicas, a população estudada apresentou aumento na frequência respiratória (FR) no dia 2 (p=0,028), e diminuição da temperatura corporal no dia 1 (p=0,014) e no dia 2 (p=0,005). Em relação a avaliação da dor, não houve diferenças significativas estatisticamente em ambos os dias. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de ser observado o relaxamento proporcionado à população do estudo através da aplicação do método, não foram obtidos dados significativamente estatísticos que comprovem a relação entre o relaxamento proporcionado pela ofuroterapia e o ganho de peso dos RNPT’s estudados no presente estudo.
Palmilhas de reprogramação postural na diminuição da pressão arterial e do desalinhamento postural em indivíduos hipertensos: ensaio clínico randomizado
Authors: Barbosa Goes Ana Lucia , Barbosa Alana Santana Menezes , Araújo Beatriz Guedes Ventura , De Castro Camila Barbosa , Barbalho Géssica Marília de Oliveira Gazar , Lago Vinícius Cardoso , De Souza Luis Agnaldo Pereira , Ladeia Ana Marice Teixeira
Published: August 2020

OBJETIVO: Testar a hipótese que Palmilhas de Reprogramação Postural (PRP) melhoram a postura e podem modificar média e picos de pressão arterial (PA) em indivíduos hipertensos. DESENHO DE ESTUDO: ECR, registrado no Clinical Trials (NCT02401516), com 24 indivíduos hipertensos. CONFIGURAÇÃO: Todos foram submetidos à Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial (MAPA) e avaliação da postura (SAPO) no início e após seis semanas. INTERVENÇÃO: grupo intervenção (GI) utilizou PRP e grupo controle (GC) SHAM. DESFECHO PRIMÁRIO: Médias da PA. DESFECHOS SECUNDÁRIOS: Picos de PA, durante vigília e sono e ângulo posturais. A melhora da postura ocorreu quando valores angulares diminuíram ou chegaram a zero. Para comparar a PA, foram utilizados os testes t de Student, pareado e não-pareado, com nível de significância de 5%. O tamanho do efeito (TDE) foi avaliado com D de Cohen. Para postura, Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney. Variáveis categóricas, através do teste do Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: As variáveis de linha de base não diferiram entre grupos. Foram obtidos os seguintes deltas: pico da PAS em vigília (+9,3mmHgVs-7,5mmHg) (p<0,05, grande TDE); pico da PAS no sono (+2,3mmHgVs-6,8mmHg) (p<0,05, TDE moderado); e pico da PAD durante vigília (+3,2mmHgVs-4,7mmHg) (p<0,05, grande TDE), GC e GI respectivamente. Para os ângulos posturais, 33% da PAS foram explicados pelo deslocamento anterior do corpo. Para a PAD, 46% e 55%, pelos ângulos de Joelho e Tornozelo, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A PRP reduziu picos de PAS e PAD durante vigília, sem efeito na média da PA. Embora PRP não tenha mostrado melhora na postura geral, o deslocamento anterior do corpo e os ângulos de joelho e tornozelo explicaram 33-55% da PA mais alta.
CATHERINE MORLAND’S CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT IN JANE AUSTEN’S NORTHANGER ABBEY
Authors: AŞKAROĞLU Mediha
Published: August 2020

Throughout the ages, the development of human character has always been an important issue for the establishment of a good society. Since Platon and Aristoteles, who handled morality and education, up to the present educational sciences and psychology, many books with various views have been written, and many researches have been carried out. Besides, scientific studies have focused upon human nature and tried to explain it through genetic, socio-genetic, social or sociocultural approaches, according to which they developed educational systems and institutions in order to have humans act in the desired way. Since the primitive religions and beliefs, which emerged in order to explain the mysterious natural events, and get rid of the fear of the unknown, up to the present heavenly religions, it has always been an important goal to direct human behaviour into a moral and socially acceptable set of conduct.By setting the Victorian period as the basis of her novels, Jane Austen deals particularly with the morality of the period. As a realist author, she attaches great importance to the depiction of her female characters in their struggle to overcome their depravity and achieve higher social status. In Northanger Abbey, a novel of her early period as an author, the protagonist Catherine Morland needs to construct a new existence and attain a new personality by transforming herself from the poor villager girl into an acceptable woman in an aristocratic circle. Her lack of education, ignorance of human nature and aristocratic circles, as well as loneliness with no experienced adult to guide her leave her alone in a seemingly hostile and indifferent environment, where she has to find her own path by her own means. She finds herself amid the world of aristocrats and her personality develops in line with the choices and decisions she makes. This article, which examines her character development, aims to trace personality development through social and psychological terms, and analyse the transformation in her attitudes and perceptions.
SİNOPE MİMARİ BEZEMELERİ: Kymation, Anthemion, Yaprak ve İnci-Boncuklar
Authors: YILDIRIM Nazli
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı Sinope Antik Kenti'nde tespit edilmiş mimari bloklar üzerine yer alan ion kymationu, lesbos kymationu, anthemion, yaprak ve inci-boncuk dizisi gibi mimari bezemeleri bütünsel bir bakış açısı ve bilimsel bir gözlemle değerlendirmektedir. Çalışma içerisinde ayrıntılı tanımlamalar, bezemelerin stil kritiği ve tarihlendirme önerileri gibi konulara yer verilmiştir. Müzede bulunan örneklerin yanı sıra kentin sur duvarları üzerinde tespit edilen ve üzerinde mimari bezeme bulunduran devşirme malzemelerden örnekler de bu çalışma içerisinde değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Kentte modern yerleşim ve devşirme kullanımının, mimari elemanların sayısını azaltması nedeniyle konumuzu oluşturan bezemeler sınırlı sayıda örnekle tanımlanabilmektedir. Sayısı sınırlı olsa da söz konusu örnekler, kentte uygulanan mimari bezemeler hakkında genel, ancak önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Tipolojik ve stilistik olarak bir gelişim ve değişim içerisinde olan bu bezemeler, kentte Arkaik Dönem'den başlayarak Severuslar Dönemi sonlarına kadar faaliyet gösteren önemli bir yerel atölyenin var olduğunu; bu atölyenin dönemin popüler mimari bezemelerini yakından takip ederek uygulayabildiğini kanıtlamaktadır. Mimari bezemeler genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde kent atölyesinde kaliteli ve özenli bir işçilik anlayışının var olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Temiz bir işçiliğe sahip olan bezemeler arasındaki boş alanların da düzgünce perdahlanarak, pürüzsüzleştirildiği gözlemlenmektedir. Bezeme alanlarında canlı, hareketli ve ışık-gölge etkili motifler arasında hemen her dönem uyum ve simetri dikkat çekicidir. Standart uygulamaların yanı sıra bu yerel atölyenin kendine özgü, standartlaşmış uygulamalara sahip olduğu da gözlemlenmektedir.
Protocol for Establishing Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells as a System to Study Histone Inheritance Pattern at Single-Cell Resolution v2
Authors: Ma Binbin , Trieu Tung-Jui , J. Habib Shukry , Chen Xin
Published: August 2020

Asymmetric histone inheritance can regulate cell-fate determination in Drosophila male germline stem cells. However, it remains elusive how this mechanism may be used in mammalian system. Recently we show mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) with Wnt3a-beads display non-overlapping H3/H4 patterns. Here, we present a detailed protocol for tracking histone inheritance in asymmetrically dividing mESCs at single-cell resolution. This protocol will establish a new system to study histone inheritance in cultured mammalian cells and could be applied to other parallel systems. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Tran et al. (2012), Habib et al. (2013), Lowndes et al. (2017) and Ma et al. (2020).
Estado del arte de la bibliometría histórica. Una aproximación a los casos de Colombia y México
Authors: Hernández-Socha Yuirubán
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se aborda el estado del arte de las investigaciones que se han dedicado a analizar la historia de la producción científica en América Latina a partir de la perspectiva de la bibliometría histórica. Se muestra, primero, una aproximación a la historia de la bibliometría y se destaca que esta no ha sido una herramienta de uso exclusivo de la sociología funcionalista, sino que se ha vinculado desde sus inicios con otras disciplinas, como la historia. Segundo, se muestra que en América Latina han existido interpretaciones críticas frente a los diagnósticos desalentadores presentados por los índices bibliográficos internacionales acerca de la baja productividad y visibilidad de la ciencia de esta región, lo que permite establecer que en este contexto se enmarca la proliferación de investigaciones histórico bibliométricas, como las adelantadas en Colombia y México. Tercero, se analizan las investigaciones adelantadas en estos países y se detallan sus principales temas, metodologías y fuentes de interés. Finalmente, se concluye que estos trabajos ofrecen importantes insumos para reinterpretar la historia de las dinámicas de la comunicación científica en la región y se presenta una propuesta general de algunos de sus posibles futuros derroteros.
Densification and School Segregation: The Case of Oslo
Authors: Cavicchia Rebecca , Cucca Roberta
Published: August 2020

Urban densification has become a desirable development strategy in several cities. In addition to its environmental benefits, densification is also advocated as able to promote conditions for better coexistence and social mix. Studies have shed light on the likelihood of densification affecting residential patterns, but no attention has been paid so far to understanding the possible consequences on school segregation dynamics. As residential and school population composition are strongly intertwined, we argue that densification patterns may be associated with specific dynamics in school segregation. This study may thus pave the way to a better understanding of an understudied relationship. Using Oslo as a case study, we investigate how urban densification, here implemented through a neoliberal planning approach, can be associated with different forms of gentrification and new social divisions that are somewhat mirrored in the school segregation patterns of the city.
Imagining Cities of Inclusion—Formulating Spaces of Justice
Authors: Nygren Anja , Quesada Florencia
Published: August 2020

This introduction underlines some of the topics the present thematic issue focuses on, such as segregation and security, control and creativity, resistance and networking, presenting continuities and changes in urban governance and urban justice in different parts of the world. We argue that urban theory should be rethought to consider cities as fora that recentre the ‘political’ in relation to gentrification, rights to the city, justice, and alternative urbanisms. We highlight structural aspects of urban policy and planning, including the intersection of mega-development projects with disruptive acts of social dispossession and efforts to depoliticise institutional control. Simultaneously, we emphasise tactics that reinterpret hierarchical modes of governance and create initiatives for enhanced justice through claim-making, negotiation, improvisation, acts of everyday resistance and organised opposition.
“Cseberből vederbe” – Lakásmobilitás-mintázatok egy marginalizált térben
Authors: Németh Krisztina
Published: August 2020

A tanulmány a marginalizáció és (im)mobilitás összefüggéseit vizsgálja egy sajátos marginalizált térben, a „Babérligetben”, ahová intézményi ellátásban részesülő hajléktalanok, hajléktalanságból kikerülők, a helyi bérlakásszektor alsó szegmenséhez tartozó bérlők és onnan kieső önkényes lakásfoglalók kötődnek. E csoportok lakásmobilitásának mintázatait Porcelli és szerzőtársai mikromobilitás fogalmából kiindulva vizsgálom. Jelen tanulmányban a mikromobilitás fogalma a különféle lakhatási formák,intézmények, illetve marginalizált terek közötti térbeli mozgásokat próbálja megragadni: kisebb léptékű, átmeneti, sokszor láthatatlan (regisztrálatlan) térbeli mozgásokat, intézmények közötti kényszerű mozgatásokat, illetve gyorsan változó lakásviszonyokat jelöl. A fogalom azt próbálja érzékeltetni, hogy az egyének jobbára cirkulálnak, többé-kevésbé kényszerűen mozognak a marginalizált terek, lakhatási formák és intézmények között.

Babérliget a Hannam, Sheller és Urry által definiált értelemben vett „térbeli csomópontnak” tekinthető, amely az alacsony szintű városi lakhatást biztosító funkciója miatt már a szocializmus éveiben is szervezte a marginalizált terek közötti mozgásokat. Később ez a funkció a szociális intézmények beköltöztetésével tovább bővült. Ma ebben a térben a hajléktalanszálló jelenléte, valamint a bérlakásokon keresztül az önkormányzat formálja a legerősebben a lakásmobilitási utakat és intézményhasználati stratégiákat.

A Babérligethez kötődő mikromobilitások jó része az intézmények által keltett kényszerű mozgás, amelyben nem sok szerep jut a marginalizált helyzetű emberek ágenciájának. Ugyanakkor bizonyos esetekben az egyéni mozgástér bővíthetőnek látszik a térbeli és intézmények közötti mozgásokon, valamint az intézményekhez való stratégiai viszonyuláson keresztül. Összességében azonban az e térhez kötődő mikromobilitások hosszabb távon nem hatékony eszközei a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek csökkentésének. Bár rövid távon a segíthetik a túlélést és középtávon bővíthetik az egyéni mozgásteret, a Babérligethez kötődő empirikus eredmények azt mutatják, hogy az intézmények, a lakhatási formák, illetve marginalizált terek közötti mikromobilitások csak ritkán vezetnek a tartós térbeli-társadalmi elmozduláshoz, azaz a szó klasszikus értelemében vett(lakás)mobilitáshoz.
Szociális szövetkezetek periférikus térségekben – a sikeres működés feltételei és akadályai
Authors: Póla Péter , Finta István
Published: August 2020

A periférikus térségek belső erőforrásainak hasznosíthatósága, a társadalmi-gazdasági egyenlőtlenségek mérséklése, a helyi kormányzási eszközök alternatív megoldásainak alkalmazása területén a szociális szövetkezetek, az őket ért számos, sok esetben jogos kritika ellenére is fontos szerepet tölthetnek be. A helyi erőforrásokra alapozó gazdaságfejlesztésben, a szerveződésük jellegéből is eredő sajátos viszony- és érdekrendszerük okán a szociális szövetkezetek kutatói figyelmet érdemelnek. Baranya megye periférikus térségeire koncentráló empirikus vizsgálataink eredményei lehetőséget biztosítottak arra, hogy a nemzetközi és hazai szakirodalom, a releváns uniós dokumentumok és a szabályozási környezet alapján megítélhetők legyenek a szociális szövetkezetek sikeres működésének feltételei és akadályozó tényezői.

A vizsgálatok feltárták azokat a területeket, ahol a külső beavatkozás jelentős mértékben hozzájárulhat fenntartható, hatékony működésükhöz. Ilyen területeknek tekinthetők többek között a megfelelő szabályozási környezet kialakítása, a helyben hiányzó funkciók esetén a területi (például megyei szintű) támogató rendszer működtetése, az együttműködés, hálózatosodás az értékesítés, feldolgozás során, vagy a piaci rések felismeréséhez, lefedéséhez szükséges feltételek megteremtése. A tanulmány igyekezett feltárni azt is, hogy helyi szinten milyen erőforrás-gazdálkodásra, hatékony és innovatív kooperációkra, térségi együttműködést elősegítő tényezőkre, nem utolsó sorban vezetői kompetenciákra és készségekre van szükség ahhoz, hogy a helyi erőforrásokat kreatívan hasznosítva a helyi gazdaságfejlesztéshez a szociális szövetkezetek is érdemben járuljanak hozzá.
Emergency surgeries for rectal cancer complicated by intestinal obstruction: long-term outcomes and prognostic factors
Authors: Shchaeva S. N. , Kazantseva E. A. , Gordeeva E. V.
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study: to examine the indicators of relapse-free survival and evaluate prognostic factors that had the greatest impact on relapse- free survival in patients with rectal cancer complicated by obstructive obstruction and undergoing emergency surgery.

Materials and methods. The analysis of the immediate and long-term results of treatment – relapse-free survival of patients undergoing emergency surgery for rectal cancer complicated by obstructive obstruction in general surgical and specialized hospitals in Smolensk from 2001 to 2017 is presented. Relapse-free survival was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method. To determine the influence of potential risk factors on the rate of occurrence of the studied event, Cox regression was used.

Results. Postoperative complications of the III–IV degree according to Clavien–Dindo were more common in patients undergoing emergency surgery for complicated rectal cancer in general surgical hospitals (p = 0.0056). In specialized hospitals, anastomosis leakage in 5.3 % (1 of 19 cases), in general surgical hospitals – 16.3 % (9 of 55 cases). Five-year relapse-free survival in general surgical hospitals at the IIB stage was 18.3 %, median survival – 32 months; in specialized hospitals at stage IIB 5‑year relapse-free was 45.8 %, median survival – 52 months (p = 0.028 and 0.011, respectively). A multivariate analysis confirmed the influence of the following factors on the performance of a 5‑year relapse-free survival: hospital specialization (risk ratio (RR) 1.35; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.18–1.55; p <0.001), type of surgery – one-stage operations (RR 1.13; 95 % CI 1.05–1.22; p = 0.001), the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes (RR 0.77; 95 % CI 0.71–0.84; p <0.0001), the number of examined lymph nodes (RR 0.79; 95 % CI 0.72–0.87; p <0.001).

Conclusions. It is advisable to carry out two-stage surgical treatment with the formation of a colostomy at the first stage; the main stage of radical intervention should be performed in a specialized hospital.
Treatment monitoring of locally advanced rectal cancer based on multiparametric magnetic resonance tomography
Authors: Grishko P. Yu. , Mishchenko A. V. , Ivko O. V. , Samsonov D. V. , Karachun A. M.
Published: August 2020

Objective: to determine the predicting factors for the effectiveness of neoadjuvant treatment in colorectal cancer based on the analysis of overall and relapse-free survival, as well as the possibility of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in stratifying patients into groups with favorable and unfavorable clinical course.

Materials and methods. 112 patients who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy (n = 85) and chemoradiotherapy supplemented with neoadjuvant polychemotherapy (n = 27) followed by surgery were enrolled in retrospective study. To determine the most significant predicting factors and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment that affect overall and relapse-free survival, Kaplan–Meier estimator and Cox regression were used.

Results. The relapse-free survival was significantly affected by the presence or absence of extramural venous invasion according to MRI (mrEMVI) (p = 0.0001), circumferential resection margin status according to pathomorphological data (pCRM) (p = 0.031), change in volume of tumor (mrVolumetric analysis) (p = 0.015), tumor regression grade according to MRI (mrTRG) (p = 0.017) and pathomorphological data (pTRG) (p = 0.038). Independent predictors of overall survival were: extramural venous invasion according to MRI (mrEMVI) (p = 0.0001), posttreatment N staging (p = 0.047) and tumor regression grade according to MRI (mrTRG) (p = 0.059). Based on the most significant MR criteria, a mathematical model was developed to predict the risk of relapse after neoadjuvant treatment.

Conclusions. MRI allows stratifying patients into groups with a favorable and unfavorable prognosis at the preoperative stage and optimizing the management of patients after surgery taking into account pathomorphological data.
Advanced distal rectal cancer: possibilities of sphincter-sparing surgeries in combination with neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Barsukov Yu. A. , Tkachev S. I. , Mamedli Z. Z. , Vlasov O. A. , Aliev V. A. , Perevoshchikov A. G. , Goncharov S. V.
Published: August 2020

Objective: to analyze the outcomes of sphincter-sparing surgeries in patients with advanced distal rectal cancer depending on the therapy they receive.

Materials and methods. This study included 289 patients with advanced (stage T3N0–2M0) distal rectal cancer who have undergone sphincter-sparing surgeries. Patients were divided into three groups according to their treatment scheme. In group 1, we used combination treatment that included a short course of neoadjuvant radiotherapy supplemented by 3 multidirectional radiomodifiers (local microwave hyperthermia, rectal administration of a biopolymer composition containing metronidazole, and chemotherapy with capecitabine). Patients in group 2 received combination treatment that included neoadjuvant radiotherapy alone. Treatment outcomes in patients receiving combination therapy was compared to those of patients with similar characteristics and location of rectal tumors who have undergone surgery alone in N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology (group 3).

Results. We observed a significant decrease in the incidence of locoregional cancer metastasis in patients from group 1 compared to those from groups 2 and 3 (0.8 % vs 7.9 % and 18.2 % respectively). Moreover, patients in group 1 demonstrated better relapse-free survival than participants in groups 2 and 3 (79.6 % vs 52.6 % and 51 % respectively). The new scheme of combination therapy developed by our team (used in group 1) did not increase the incidence of postoperative complications. The best local disease control in group 1 was achieved in patients with middle rectal cancer who have undergone sphincter-sparing surgeries: none of 81 patients developed relapses, whereas the relapse-free survival rate reached 83 % compared to 56.9 % in group 1 and 41.7 % in group 3.

Conclusions. The new treatment scheme that includes neoadjuvant radiotherapy supplemented by 3 multidirectional radiomodifiers can be used as one of the options increasing efficacy of radiotherapy and, therefore, efficacy of combination treatment in patients with advanced rectal cancer who undergo sphincter-sparing surgeries.
The safety of intracorporeal anastomoses after right colectomy during the learning curve
Authors: Melnikov P. V. , Chernikovskiy I. I. , Kanner D. Yu. , Savanovich N. V. , Gavrilyukov A. V. , Chernikov D. A. , Markushin L. I.
Published: August 2020

Objective: to asses safety of installation intracorporeal anastomosis (ICA) in routine practice at learning curve period.

Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 102 patients during 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, of which 64 were operated by an expert and 38 passing the ICA learning curve.

Results. The operation time was shorter for the expert (145 minutes versus 210 minutes, p <0.05), there was no statistical difference in pathomorphological measurements, the number of lymph nodes removed was oncologically acceptable and did not differ significantly in the two groups. The total number of complications was 25.2 % for all patients, and Clavien–Dindo class IIIB complication rate was also the same (3.2 % vs 2.6 %, p >0.05).

Conclusions. The introduction of ICA in right colectomy into routine practice at the stage of passing the learning curve is safe and applicable.
The liver-first approach in treatment of rectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases
Authors: Aliev V. A. , Dudaev Z. A. , Mamedli Z. Z. , Podluzhnyy D. V. , Tikhonov P. A. , Kononets P. V.
Published: August 2020

Objective: to evaluate feasibility and short-term results of the liver-first approach in our center.

Materials and methods. Retrospective study of prospectively gathered group of patients who were treated in N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology between 2017 and 2019. Patients with asymptomatic primary tumor located in rectum and rectosigmoid junction with synchronous resectable / borderline resectable metastasis in liver. 22 patients were planned to undergo the liver-first approach. Post-operative morbidity and mortality (Clavien–Dindo) as well as tumor regression grading (Dworak) were evaluated.

Results. Of the 17 patients planned to undergo the liver-first strategy, the approach was completed in 15 (88,2 %) patients. The main reason for treatment failure was disease progression. Post-operative morbidity and mortality were 13,3 % and 0 %, respectively.

Conclusions. Liver-first approach is justified in two cases: during waiting period after last day of chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced (invasion depth T4a, positive circumferential resection margin, N+ status) mid-to-low rectal cancer and in patients with multiple borderline resectable bilobar liver damage.
role of telehealth services in the treatment of rare disease: analysis of 1 year of work on the example of anal cancer
Authors: Gordeev S. S. , Fedyanin M. Yu. , Glazkova E. V. , Amosova V. A. , Petrovskiy A. V.
Published: August 2020

Objective: to assess the potential need for telehealth consultations in regions for the treatment of patients diagnosed with anal cancer and to analyze the most common treatment errors.

Materials and methods. We analyzed telehealth consultations provided for 3 Federal districts between April 2019 and April 2020. The following parameters were evaluated: the ratio between the predicted need for telehealth consultations and the real number of requests, the number of medical errors in patients who had already undergone first and / or subsequent treatment stages (according to relevant clinical guidelines).

Results. Fifteen telehealth consultations were provided during this year: 13 of them (86.7 %) for disease progression or complications and 2  of them (13.3 %) to determine the initial treatment strategy. Treatment errors were registered in 11 out of 13 cases (84.6 %). The predicted need based on the population size was 565 consultations per year; the predicted need based on the real number of patients visited cancer clinics was 81 consultations.

Conclusions. We found many significant errors in treatment regimens of patients with squamous cell anal carcinoma. Wider use of telehealth consultations with Federal centers will ensure the correct choice of the initial treatment strategy.
Colorectal cancer metastases to the lungs: outcomes of surgical treatment and prognostic factors
Authors: Akhmedov B. B. , Kononets P. V. , Fedyanin M. Yu. , Mamedli Z. Z. , Gordeev S. S. , Aliev V. A. , Stilidi I. S.
Published: August 2020

Objective: to evaluate short-term and long-term outcomes of surgical treatment for colorectal cancer metastases to the lungs and to analyze factors affecting the efficacy of surgery.

Materials and methods. This study included 211 patients with colorectal cancer metastases to the lungs treated between 1994 and 2014. We enrolled patients with resectable or conventionally resectable metastases (according to chest computed tomography evaluated by a thoracic surgeon); the exclusion criteria were as follows: multiple primary tumors and age more than 85 years. We assessed the type of surgeries, frequency of R0 resections, incidence of postoperative complications, overall survival, and progression-free survival.

Results. One hundred and sixty-two patients out of 211 (76.8 %) have undergone atypical lung resection. Forty-nine patients (23.2 %) have undergone pneumonectomy, bilobectomy, or lobectomy. The majority of patients (96.2 %) have had R0 resection, whereas 2.9 % of study participants have had R1 or R2 resections. One patient has undergone a trial surgery. Clinically significant postoperative complications were observed in 4 (2 %) patients; postoperative mortality was 0.5 % (1 case). The five-year overall survival rate was 52.7 %; the 5-year progression-free survival rate was 45.8 %. Development of metastases within 24 months after primary surgery was found to be a significant factor negatively affecting overall survival (hazard ratio 0.347; 95 % confidence interval 0.227–0.53; р <0.0001).

Conclusions. Surgical treatment is currently the only truly effective treatment, which can improve long-term survival of patients with colorectal cancer metastases to the lungs; the best treatment results are achieved in patients with a relapse-free interval of more than 24 months.
USE OF VARIOUS SATELLITE IMAGERY TO MONITOR HYDROGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN THE DANUBE DELTA
Authors: Petrushenko E.S. , Khilchevskyi V.K. , Lubskyi M.S. , Zabokrytska M.R , Zabokrytska M.R
Published: August 2020

The Danube Delta, the second largest river delta in Europe, is the center of global biodiversity. The Danube Delta plays an important role in the self-purification of the Danube water and the binding of pollutants. But over the past 100 years, human intervention has begun in natural processes in the estuary of the Danube, a change in the hydrography of the delta. To ensure the protection of natural complexes of the Danube region, in accordance with the Decree of the President of Ukraine in 1998. The Danube Biosphere Reserve, subordinate to the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, was created on the basis of the Danube Plavni Nature Reserve. By the decision of the International Coordinating Committee of the UNESCO Program “Man and the Biosphere” in 1999 The Danube Biosphere Reserve is included in the global network of biosphere reserves as part of the bilateral Romanian-Ukrainian biosphere reserve “Danube Delta”. According to Article 18 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine” (1992), the legal regime of protected areas of biosphere reserves provides for the limited use of this territory, in particular the prohibition of the construction of structures, roads, linear and other transport and communication facilities not related to the activity of the reserve, as well as the passage and passage of unauthorized persons, the movement of mechanical vehicles. A promising approach in obtaining relevant information for monitoring hydrographic conditions and other environmental components on the territory of the Danube Delta is the use of remote sensing methods of the Earth (ERS). First of all, this is a thematic analysis of images in various spectral ranges obtained by an onboard special complex of remote sensing spacecraft. With their help, you can track changes in the water area of water bodies. After analyzing the results of satellite imagery research for 1987 and 2017, we can conclude that in a fairly short period of time (30 years), significant changes occurred on the territory of the Danube Delta: 1) old lake formed in almost every channel, or the river changed its way; 2) also tangible economic activity of a person – the outlines of the shores have changed, drainage reclamation has been carried out in some wetlands and they have been converted into farmland; 3) part of the territory is untouched – probably refers to the reserve fund. The coastline has changed, which can be explained by the creation of fish farms there, or the flooding of land, since they coincide spectrally with the water surface. As for the technique of working with satellite images, it is better to use the NIR (near infrared) channel, which is in the wavelength range from 0.76 to 0.9 μm with a discontinuity of 30 meters, to determine objects.
Reflections on a Secular State (in the Context of 2020 Amendments to the Constitution of Russia)
Authors: Osavelyuk A. M.
Published: August 2020

Based on the analysis of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the constitutions of foreign states and the current legislation, as well as domestic and foreign studies, the author argues that currently several kinds of secular States exist. They significantly differ from each other in the characteristics enshrined in their constitutions and legislation. Because of that, it is hard to talk about an indefinite classic secular State. Nevertheless, the author articulates the features that are characteristic of a large number of modern democratic secular States, and proposes the optimal model of the modern secular state. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of amendments made under the Law of the Russian Federation on the Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of March 14, 2020, No 1-FKZ “On improvement of the regulation of certain issues of organization and functioning of public power” related to the secular State, especially amendments that formalize the attitude towards relations between the State and religious communities existing for centuries and developed in the territory of our Fatherland. The paper demonstrates special importance of interaction between prescriptions fixed in the constitutional provisions, constitutional legislation and moral principles enshrined in religious sources.
Legal Regulation of the Minimum Marriage Age: The Past and the Present
Authors: Lekanova E. E.
Published: August 2020

The legal regulation of the features of marriage in a minor age has a millennium history. The analysis of legal regulation of the marriage age in Russia, the Russian Empire and the RSFSR shows that the models of the legal regulation of the minimum marriage age are divided into simplified and differentiated ones (gender differentiated, nationally differentiated and socially differentiated models). The author concludes that in domestic legislation the minimum age of marriage always depended on various circumstances. Until 1926, there was a gender-differentiated model of the legal regulation of the minimum age of marriage. A nation-differentiated model existed in the prerevolutionary and Soviet era in relation to the inhabitants of Transcaucasia. Since 1926, in the territory of the RSFSR, a socio-differentiated model of the legal regulation of the minimum age of marriage was consolidated in law. According to this model the minimum age of marriage was reduced due to special social circumstances. Family laws of the Russian Federation made an unsuccessful attempt to implement the nation-differentiated model of the legal regulation of the minimum age of marriage. The modern Russian model of legal regulation of the minimum age of marriage is socio-differentiated. The paper also carries out a detailed comparison of the three socio-differentiated models of the legal regulation of the minimum age of marriage (the model under the Soviet Code of Marriage, Family and Custody of the RSFSR (1926—1968), the model under the Code of Marriage and Family of the RSFSR (1969—1995), the contemporary model); analyzes the differences and shortcomings of these models; suggests ways to eliminate them.
Antimonopoly Regulation as the Main Direction of Regulatory Framework of Business Activity
Authors: Rubtsova N. V.
Published: August 2020

The paper examines the features of antimonopoly regulation of business activity in the context of regulatory framework. Based on the analysis of competition legislation and the standpoints of modern researchers in the field of antimonopoly regulation, the author identifies the mechanism for changing the structure of the commodity market, as well as the mechanism for implementing market power. Antimonopoly regulation is the main area of normative regulation of business activity, in which public interests prevail over private ones, limiting freedom of business activity, which, in turn, requires a more thorough development of the state’s position in relation to business entities. It is emphasized that a complete ban on monopolies is inappropriate, since they often act as a source of technological changes in society. In addition, within the framework of the state competition policy, public interests are realized and the development of certain sectors of the economy is supported. As a result of the study, the author concludes that the use of prohibitions per se should not become a general rule in the implementation of antitrust regulation, and it is necessary to define clear criteria for the use of these prohibitions.
Normative Regulation of Expert Liability in Legal Proceedings of the EAEU Member States
Authors: Dyakonova O. G.
Published: August 2020

A forensic expert, as a participant in legal proceedings, carries out important activities to assist in proving the persons conducting the proceedings, as well as to persons who have a legal interest in the outcome of the case. In order to carry out his functions, he is entrusted with a number of duties, the proper fulfillment of which, in the opinion of the legislator, contributes to the high-quality, complete and objective conduct of an expert study and giving an opinion. The expert’s responsibility is established by various codified normative legal acts of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. Several types of liability are envisaged depending on the severity of the consequences of failure or improper performance by an expert of his duties: criminal, administrative, procedural. Nevertheless, the normative consolidation of the expert’s responsibility today does not allow us to speak about the logic and the validity of the established types of responsibility. Analyzing the specified types of expert’s liability, it can be concluded that in some cases the use of certain negative consequences in relation to the expert is disproportionate, there is a lack of a unified approach in different types of legal proceedings to determining the type of expert’s liability.
Direct Application of the Rules of International Agreements in the Implementation of the Protection of the Rights of Subjects of Domestic and Cross-Border Relations
Authors: Shakhnazarov B. A.
Published: August 2020

The paper attempts to comprehensively investigate the problems of the direct application of the provisions of international agreements for the purpose of regulating various intrastate as well as cross-border relations. It is noted that this opportunity seems to be an effective mechanism for protecting the rights of the subjects of the relevant relations. An analysis of law enforcement practice is carried out for the direct application of the provisions of international treaties when they conflict with the provisions of national legislation or regardless of the establishment of such a conflict. The paper analyzes the provisions of the Constitution, other legislation of the Russian Federation, decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, judicial practice on the application of the provisions of international treaties to various relations (corporate, customs, relations in the field of industrial property). The conclusion is made that the international agreements of the Russian Federation, being an integral part of its legal system, have an independent normative nature as a source of law. The possibility of direct (direct) application of the norms of any international treaties (including the so-called non-selfexecuting ones) is substantiated.
Corruption: Two Centuries Research (Through the Pages of the Book: Lut S. S. Corruption: Bibliographic Reference Book (1810-2018). Moscow: Kontrakt, 2019. 528 p.)
Authors: Malikov S. V. , Gracheva Yu. V.
Published: August 2020

The work presents the book by S. S. Lut "Corruption: a Bibliographic Reference Book (1810-2018)" (Moscow: Kontrakt, 2019). The peer-reviewed bibliographic collection contains over 13 thousand publications for more than two centuries. When forming the bibliography, the author proceeded from the definition of corruption, which is contained in the Federal Law of December 25, 2008 No. 273-FZ "On Combating Corruption". The work under review presents compendiums that in one way or another touch upon the problems of corruption and combating corruption crimes. In particular, research is given in mathematics, political science, history, sociology, economic theory, psychology, philosophy, philology and geography, i.e. works on sciences that at first glance are very far from jurisprudence. All the material is structured based on two main criteria: classification by type of work and distribution by temporal aspect. The first chapter brings together monographs, textbooks and teaching aids, separate sections of which are devoted to the problems of corruption, while the works are presented in chronological order as they are published. The second chapter contains a list of monographs and textbooks, fully or mostly devoted to the characteristics and counteraction to corruption. The third chapter integrates relevant scientific articles. The fourth chapter covers dissertations and abstracts. Of particular interest to the reader is a critical analysis of legislative acts, in one way or another, aimed at combating corruption. The analytical article broadly presents international legal acts dedicated to the problem of corruption and the development of measures to prevent it.
Pan-European multi-crop model ensemble simulations of wheat and grain maize under climate change scenarios
Authors: Cooke Diane Kathleene
Published: August 2020

The simulated data set described in this paper was created by an ensemble of nine different crop models: HERMES (HE), Simplace (L5), SiriusQuality (SQ), MONICA (MO), Sirius2014 (S2), FASSET (FA), 4M (4M), SSM (SS), DSSAT-CSM IXIM (IX). Simulations were performed for grain maize (six models) and winter wheat (eight models) under diverse conditions over agriculturally relevant areas in the EU-27 at a 25 x 25 km spatial resolution. Simulations were drawn from combinations of three representative concentration pathways and climate outputs from five general circulation models for time periods 2040-2069 and 2070-2099. Historical climate data was the basis for simulation years 1980-2010 and considered as a baseline. Simulation results from 1980-2010 and 2040-2069 were used to analyze crop responses to changing climatic variables and their diverging sensitivities to these variables. This data paper describes the creation, motivation and format of the simulation results to enable others to use the data set.
Maize response to free air CO2 enrichment under ample and restricted water supply: field experimental data and output of a process-based hydrological plant growth model
Authors: Manderscheid Remy , Erbs Martin , Kellner Juliane , Hüther Liane , Kraft Philipp , Wieser Herbert , Weigel Hans-Joachim
Published: August 2020

This paper contains data from a two year FACE experiment with maize (Zea mays L., cv. ‘Romario’) investigating the interaction of two CO2 concentrations (378, 550 ppm) and two levels of water supply (sufficient: wet, limited: dry) on crop growth and plant composition. In the second year soil cover was also varied to test whether mitigation of evaporation by straw mulch increases the CO2 effect on water use efficiency. The datasets assembled herein contain data on weather, management, soil condition, soil moisture, phenology, dry weights and N concentrations of the plant (leaves, stems, cobs), green leaf area index, stem reserves, final yield and quality-related traits in the total plant and grains. Most of the experimental findings have already been published in scientific journals. Moreover, the data have been used in two crop modeling studies, and simulation results (on soil moisture, transpiration, evaporation and biomass) of one of these studies are also shown here.