bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Trade's Impact on Banks' Financial Performance: A Case of Equity Bank Limited
Authors: Owuoro Leonia Tesha , Muganda Christopher Naseya
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of trade financing on banks' financial performance. In this study, Equity Bank Limited was used as a case study.

Methodology: In this case study, a descriptive research design was used. The intended audience consisted of 66 Equity Bank Limited credit supervisors, one from each branch. Out of the total of sixty six credit supervisors, at least thirty three were selected using the stratified selection approach to handle 50% of the population. Used were both primary and secondary data from financial statements that were released. Sorting, cleaning, and organizing the data from the completed surveys were all parts of the data analysis process. The data was coded, put into a spreadsheet, then put through an SPSS analysis. Tables, graphs, and pie charts were then used to show the data.

Findings: The research revealed that the bank's supply of trade financing products had an impact on its financial performance through the revenues generated as a result of such service, according to the analysis, presentation, and interpretation of the data.

Conclusion: The provision of trade finance by banks has an impact on their financial performance.

Recommendation: The study suggested that the bank train its employees to increase their skill levels, create more complex and welcoming trade finance procedures to encourage more clients to participate, and capitalize on less common items. It was advised to conduct further research on how trade financing affects banks' overall performance.
The Impact of Revolution Strategies and Competitive Advantage on Nigerian Banks
Authors: Adanu Mary Anne , Osita  Emmanuel Obinna
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how Revolution strategies affected competitive advantage of Nigerian Commercial Banks.

Methodology: This study adopted descriptive and explanatory research designs. The study used primary data collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Reliability was tested through a pilot study on 5 deposits taking micro finance using the test–retest method. Data was analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation was used after which the data was presented using tables and charts. 

Results: The study revealed that whereas process, product and market revolution have an effect on competitive advantage, technology Revolution was the key driver in competitive advantage as it allowed real time transaction processing, overall customer experience and offered convenience to the customers.

Conclusion: The study concludes that process Revolution, product Revolution, market Revolution and technology Revolution significantly influences competitive advantage among commercial banks in Nigeria. 

Recommendation: The study recommended that banks must take immediate steps to improve Revolution by critically assessing current Revolution capabilities and performance, and ensure they are aligned in creating value and convenience to customers while reducing the cost of doing business.
The Youth's Attitude toward Entrepreneurship at the International University Of Rabat, Morocco
Authors: Salam  Esther Rahim , Adams  Rahman
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to look into factors that affect the attitude of the young people towards entrepreneurship.

Methodology: The research design used was case study method. Data was collected using questionnaires. The validity of the instruments was ensured through constructive criticism from the supervisor. The results and discussions were presented using tables, charts and graphs.

Results: Parents and guardians of the respondents were found to have a great influence on the choices of courses that the respondents took in the institutions. It also came out that most families of the respondents run businesses at home but majority of the respondents were not involved in the running of the businesses. Lack of finances, long procedures of acquiring businesses licenses and high rates of interests charged on loans to start came out as the main challenges that would influence the attitude of the respondents towards entrepreneurship.

Conclusion: The parents or guardian greatly influence the choice of the students joining the technical courses by contributing in guidance to the students’ choice to the career courses they pursued in the institutions. 

Recommendation: This study recommends that there is need to start training in technical and entrepreneurship subjects from as early as primary schools to help in cultivating young people’s entrepreneurial attitude at an early stage. A similar study including more stakeholders like the parents/guardians to find out their role in influencing the attitude of the young people towards entrepreneurship should be carried out.
Impacts of Entrepreneurial Education on Rural Youth's Entrepreneurial Behavior in Algeria
Authors: Zidane Hamid Kasim
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of entrepreneurship training on entrepreneurial behaviour of the Strengthening Rural Youth Development through Enterprise programme in Algeria.

Methodology: Descriptive design was used in collecting the data from respondents. Questionnaires were used for collecting data containing mainly closed ended questions to the sample respondents. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics employing mean and standard deviation with the aid of SPSS. Data collected and analyzed was finally presented in various formats such as charts, graphs and tables.

Results: All the predictor variables, that is, attitude, skills, knowledge and social network βvalues were positive indicating that they directly proportional to entrepreneurial behaviour of rural youth in Algeria, in which case an improvement in attitude, skills, knowledge and positive support from the social network causes a positive change towards entrepreneurial behaviour of rural youth in the country.

Conclusion: The youth in the area are in favor of entrepreneurship than other occupational options as seen by their determination to start a business if they had the opportunity and resources, as well as their indication that they are not afraid to take risks.

Recommendation: The study therefore recommends that the national government should make flexible policies to attract young graduates to be entrepreneurs to develop their socio-economic status. Also, they should facilitate entrepreneurial training programmes for the youth so as to enable them to develop the right skills, knowledge and competence in entrepreneurship.
Use of Scaffold Method by Pre-School Teachers in Teaching Mathematics in Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi Taji Aminat , Yakubu Chioma
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The goal of the study was to determine how frequently pre-school instructors used the scaffolding teaching style when instructing math.  

Methodology: Ex-post-facto research is the type of research that is used. Both descriptive and inferential approaches were used to examine the data. 

Results: The study found that only one of the elements or scaffolding, namely directing, was being used at an appropriate mean frequency level score of 64.2 while the other five had low mean usage ranging between 4.5 and 23.7. These others are soliciting (4.5), child's idea (10.8), encouraging (12.0) questioning (18.8), and freedom (23.7). 

Conclusion: None of the research's independent factors such as training program, teaching experience, and class size. The frequency of usage of the scaffolding teaching approach was shown to be significantly influenced by preschool teachers' attitudes on its use, math proficiency, and school administration. 

Recommendations: The study advises maintenance of focus on ongoing instruction in the approach during in-service training in order to increase math performance. It also recommend that more research be done on other factors including age, gender, and marital status that may have an impact on the scaffolding teaching method.
Impact of Special Educational Approaches for Students with Mental Retardation in Primary Schools in Kenya: Case Study Kiambu County
Authors: Mutiso Pauline Nzinza , Odhiambo Solomon
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of teaching strategies for learners with mental impairment in acquiring daily living skills. 

Methodology: A descriptive survey design was used for the investigation. The acquisition of daily-living skills was the dependent variable in this study, whereas the independent factors were instructional techniques, how instructors utilized the methods, problems faced, and teaching/learning materials used by teachers. Purposive sampling was utilized to choose the district, special units, learners, and instructors for the research. 

Results: The study's findings revealed that learners with MR were not effectively taught DLS because teachers did not employ suitable teaching techniques, tactics, or teaching/learning resources. Seventy-eight percent (78 percent) of teachers in MR units were not trained to educate such students. Only 22 percent of the teachers had received MR training. According to the findings, forty-eight (80 percent) of learners did not receive enough DLS because the techniques and teaching/learning materials employed were neither appropriate nor relevant. 

Conclusion: The study indicated that learners were not properly taught DLS for the acquisition of independent living skills. 

Recommendations: The research suggests that the government establish cost-effective training for teachers in the field of mental retardation in order to address the issue of understaffing and inadequate instruction. It also recommends that schools with special units be led by teachers who are mental retardation specialists because they can understand the needs, abilities, and interests of learners with MR and provide an appropriate learning environment, as well as provide necessary support to the teachers in the units.
Impact of Teaching Experience of Secondary School Teachers on the Teaching Strategies for Social Education and Ethics in Kenya
Authors: Nyakundi Tabitha Ondari
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine whether the amount of experience and training of the instructors had an impact on their decision on the teaching strategies for S.E.E. 

Methodology: The plan includes the sampling techniques, data gathering, and analytic processes. Two tools—the Teachers' Questionnaire and the Observation Schedule—were used to gather the data for this study. 

Findings: The study's main conclusions demonstrated that the available teaching-learning resources were insufficient, which had a negative impact on the efficient instruction of S.E.E. in secondary schools. It was also discovered that teachers lacked the necessary and competent teaching tools to instill values in their charges. 

Conclusion: Since most teachers are not qualified to teach the subject and have not taken any in-service training, they are not familiar with the methods of teaching S.E.E. 

Recommendation: The study suggests that instructors should get training in effective ways to teach morally upright subjects including government, history, and survival skills. For effective social science education, teachers should make use of a number of materials. In order to completely accomplish the fourth purpose of education, which stipulates that "education should foster solid moral and religious values," S.E.E. as a topic has to be brought back into the curriculum.
Impact of Leadership Philosophies on Community Policing Deployment in Narok County, Kenya
Authors: Kamau Beatrice Nyambura , Sanare  Fred Pingua
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The study's major goal was to evaluate the leadership styles and application of community policing in Kenya's Narok County. 

Methodology: This study used a cross-sectional survey research design, with a target population of 2169 managers and leaders of community policing in Narok County. We used stratified and straightforward random sampling techniques. In order to match the rank and file of the police, the populace was stratified. The responses from each strata were collected using simple random sampling. The intended population of 2169 people provided 139 respondents for the sample size. Quantitative primary data was gathered using questionnaires, both closed and open ended, while qualitative data was gathered utilizing FGD and interview schedules. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the data analysis. 

Results: The study discovered a favorable association between community policing implementation and transformational leadership, but a negative relationship between transactional leadership, laissez-faire leadership, and community policing implementation. 

Conclusion: The strategy's execution has been difficult from the beginning, and as a result, it hasn't been successfully implemented. 

Recommendation: The report advised Kenya's national community policing authority to take into account holding conferences, seminars, and trainings that would empower the top law enforcement officials in Narok County and foster transformational leadership.
Strategic Procurement's Impact on East African Public Enterprise Performance
Authors: Njoroge  Evans Kamau , Ongeri  Dorcas Nyaboke
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the level of strategic procurement adoption by East African businesses. 

Methodology: Both primary and secondary data were employed in the investigation. Secondary data from study proposals, the internet, journals, and books were combined with primary data using a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data. Correctly completed questionnaires were coded, and descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the data after entering it into a social sciences statistical tool. 

Results: According to the study's findings, strategic procurement improves the performance of public companies by lowering costs and raising the caliber of the organization's products and services. 

Conclusion: Corruption and a lack of coordination during implementation are significant barriers to strategic procurement impact on East Africa public enterprise performance. 

Recommendation: According to the report, strategic procurement should always be seen as crucial to the success of a business. To plan the future of the procurement function, organizations should make sure they have qualified personnel in both strategic management and procurement.
Determinants Influencing Supply Chain Compliance with Public Procurement: A Case Study for Kiambu County, Kenya.
Authors: Hunja  David Muriithi , Ndungu  Absalom Kamau
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The goal of this study was to examine the variables influencing Kenya's SCM compliance with public procurement. 

Methodology: To answer the research questions, an exploratory design was used in the study. Supply chain management directors from Kiambu, Kenya's central government departments participated in the study. Respondent information was gathered through personal interviews. Structured questionnaires with both open-ended and closed-ended questions served as the tool. Quantitative approaches were used to analyze the study's data. The results were analyzed using a Likert scale and SPSS software. The cause-and-effect connection between the dependent and independent variables was ascertained using regression analysis. The information was presented using tables, graphs, and charts. 

Findings: Using SPSS, the information gathered from seven of the eight respondents who were specifically targeted was analyzed and presented using tables, charts, frequencies, and percentages. 87.5 percent of those who responded did so. Compared to the predicted reply rate of 75%, this response rate was quite high. The majority of the targeted respondents returned the questionnaire, which allowed the study's goal to be met. 

Conclusion: According to the respondents, the Act and regulation's wording and clarity should have been enhanced. The majority of respondents agreed that seminars and training sessions are hardly offered. 

Recommendation: It is advised that PPOA supply more copies of the Act and regulation to every procurement officer in every public procurement agency based on the findings of the research. To make reading more appealing, PPOA could adopt friendlier wording in the copies.
Contribuições da pós-graduação stricto sensu para a atuação de professores coordenadores como formadores e articuladores do trabalho coletivo
Authors: Mercadante Patrícia Kelly , Cunha Renata Cristina Oliveira Barrichelo , Aguiar Thiago Borges de
Published: December 2022

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que se insere no âmbito da discussão sobre a formação dos formadores de professores que estão envolvidos com a formação continuada nas escolas e nas redes de ensino.  O objetivo da investigação foi compreender quais as contribuições da pós-graduação stricto sensu para a atuação de professoras coordenadoras como formadoras de professores e articuladoras do trabalho coletivo nas escolas. Os dados empíricos foram coletados por meio de entrevista com cinco professoras coordenadoras, pertencentes a uma rede municipal de ensino do interior do estado de São Paulo, egressas de cursos de mestrado e/ou doutorado. Esses dados foram interpretados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo. O resultado da pesquisa aponta para as seguintes contribuições da pós-graduação stricto sensu para a atuação das professoras coordenadoras: compreender-se como interlocutora dos professores na reflexão destes sobre a própria prática; ressignificação do processo formativo na articulação entre sua própria formação e sua prática como formadoras, compreendendo sua não-linearidade; compreensão da escola como lócus da relação teoria e prática; compreensão da teoria como espaço de fundamentação da prática profissional; desenvolvimento de postura investigativa; olhar a si próprio como produtora de conhecimento.
Similarities and differences of the HR practices in foreign-owned subsidiaries in the post-Soviet region in comparison to Central and Eastern European countries
Authors: Poór József , Latukha Marina , Engle Allen , Abdyrakhmanova Kaiyrkul
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine interrelations between the characteristics of HRM in local subsidiaries in six focal countries in the light of different organizational variables: year of establishment, sector of MNC, mode of entry and origin of MNCs in selected post-Soviet counties in comparison to Central and Eastern European countries. We profile the HRM practices of almost 234 foreign owned subsidiaries located in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Hungary, Russia, Slovakia and Poland. Using descriptive statistics, we present the general characteristics of the sample and then we use bivariate statistical analysis to test our hypotheses relating to the impact of different factors on the HR practice mix implemented in the subsidiaries of MNCs covered in our survey. The results support a contention that multinational companies following different HR management practices/approaches due to institutional histories. For example, in post-Soviet countries, HR departments have more centralized decision-making with tight control and the number of expatriates is lower when compared to the practices of firms in the CEE region.
HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTION MEETING
Authors: Ramirez Marcel Ivan
Published: December 2022

O Anais do evento Host-Pathogen Interaction Meeting que foi constituído por 9 minicursos, apresentações orais, 5 mesas redondas e palestras de abertura e encerramento, transmitido em forma remota e disponibilizado em plataformas online. Integra grupos de virologia, bacteriologia, fungos e parasitologia na perspectiva de analisar a interação com hospedeiros vertebrados e invertebrados. A resposta foi um sucesso. Um evento presenciado por centenas de pessoas do Brasil e da América Latina, minicursos com metodologias ativas de ensino e uma ampla e rica discussão científica. Nas próximas páginas detalharemos as atividades realizadas e ficará o desafio em dois pontos importantes, crescer o conceito amplo da interação Patógeno Hospedeiro, assim como após pandemia, realizar atividades híbridas permitindo o acesso gratuito ou de baixo custo a comunidade científica.
Understanding Daughter’s Traditional Share in Patrimony Sisters and Wives in the Pakistani Punjab
Authors: Chaudhary M. Azam
Published: December 2022

No abstract
Human Rights in ‘Controlling and Combating Corruption’: The ‘Uselessness of Good Ideas?’-- Synoptic Remarks
Authors: Baxi Upendra
Published: December 2022

No abstract
Like Chameleons: Civil Servants and Corruption in Malawi
Authors: Anders Gerhard
Published: December 2022

no abstract
Corruption in Pakistani Courts in the Light of Local Cultural Context: The Case Study of the Pakistani Punjab
Authors: Chaudhary M. Azam
Published: December 2022

No abstract
Vernacular Anti-Corruption: Rural Experiments with Agendas of Good Governance
Authors: Hatzfeldt Gaia von
Published: December 2022

No abstract
Contents
Authors: Mehdi Rubya
Published: December 2022

No abstract
Competing Model–Nikahnamas: Muslim Women’s Spaces within the Legal Landscape in Lucknow1
Authors: Tschalaer Mengia Hong
Published: December 2022

This paper delineates the growing women’s spaces within the legally pluralistic landscape of postcolonial India. Based on empirical data gathered in the city of Lucknow, Northern India, it explores the ways in which (i) Muslim women’s activists seek to carve out space for the creation of gender-just laws within a religious framework, and (ii) how within these women’s legal spaces, orthodox demarcations between secular and religious practice and legal authority become blurred. At the centre of my analysis are two women-friendly versions of the nikahnama (marriage contract), which stipulate conjugal rights and duties as well as conditions of divorce and financial support. This paper will contextualise and analyse these counter-hegemonic voices that address matrimonial rights - brought forth by two ideologically different Muslim women’s organisations in Lucknow. In so doing, this paper challenges simplified modernist accounts that depict secular conceptions of state law as incompatible with non-state religious law and norms. Conversely, this paper will demonstrate that current attempts by Muslim women’s rights activists to formulate gender-justice within the domestic sphere in fact, contribute to an emerging legal landscape of interlegality (Santos 1987/2002) - a field characterised by legal entanglements rather than parallel systems of law and morals.
Book Review By Erin E Stiles Embedding Mahr in the European Legal System
Authors: Mehdi Rubya , Nielsen Jørgen S. , Stiles Erin E.
Published: December 2022

No abstract
Exploring the Issue of ‘Run-away Women’ in Pakistan: A Call for Social and Legal Change
Authors: Hussain Amjad , Afzal Humaira
Published: December 2022

Women are considered as vulnerable members of almost every society. In Pakistan the scenario is no different. ‘Run-away women’ is one of the socio-legal problems faced by women. Women who consider running away from their families often face difficult situations, which may result in being trapped into prostitution or even being murdered by their own families in certain cases. In runaway cases, the majority of women do return to their families after reconciliation. However, what happens to these women after reconciliation remains unknown. This paper aims to highlight the causes of running away and its consequences in Pakistani society. It also intends to examine the existing legal mechanisms and their role in dealing with this problem. This study also analyzes the Islamic and customary laws of Pakistan to identify whether both respect the decisionmaking authority and freedom of women, or whether they create any hindrances to women’s rights and their freedom to decide. Finally, measures for improvements in the legal and social system are suggested. analyzes the Islamic and customary laws of Pakistan to identify whether both respect the decision-making authority and freedom of women, or whether they create any hindrances to women’s rights and their freedom to decide. Finally, measures for improvements in the legal and social system are suggested.

Key words: runaway women, runaway girls, runaway marriage, women’s rights, women’s protection
Book Review Sadaf Ahmad. Pakistani Women: Multiple Locations and Competing Narratives.
Authors: Zubair Shirin
Published: December 2022

No abstract
Fear and Ecological (in)Justice in Edvard Munch’s The Scream of Nature
Authors: Akhtar-Khavari Afshin
Published: December 2022

No abstract
Book Review: Pakistan’s Experience with Formal Law: An Alien Justice
Authors: Madsen Stig Toft
Published: December 2022

No abstract
Chinese Contributions to Global Normative Pluralism?
Authors: Petersen Hanne
Published: December 2022

No abstract
Family Revolution by Law
Authors: Pan Fangfang
Published: December 2022

The basic function of law is to protect, consolidate and develop social relations and social order that are favorable and suitable for the ruling class (Zhu, 1957). As the first law promulgated (April 13, 1950) after the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC, October 1, 1949), the Marriage Law has undergone three major revisions in 70 years. Based on a comparative analysis of the principles and important rules in the four marriage laws, this article studies the entire historical process of Chinese marriage law systematically. By combining amendments of laws with social changes, including party policies (Communist Party of China, CCP), economic systems and family structure, this article displays the intimate relationship between social change, law revision and family revolution in an interdisciplinary manner. The improvement of Chinese marriage law also provides a lens into Chinese lawmakers’ efforts on achieving gender equality, offering special protection for vulnerable groups to pursue substantive justice, protecting personal property and balancing the relationship between individual freedom and family and social stability.
Economic Law and The Development of Digital Markets, between Ethics and Efficiency
Authors: Sabatino Gianmatteo
Published: December 2022

Market digitalisation leads law to transpose traditional concepts of economic regulation to another theoretical and practical level. Through the legal balance among ordo-liberal and protectionist approaches, public powers seek to functionalize digital economy to socio-economic development purposes. However, such functionalization is inherently connected to supervision and control over online markets. The object of such evolutionary processes comes to be the relationship between legal subjects. The orientation and the transparency of the online legal relationship represent one of the most advanced goals of modern economic law, attempting to neutralize, through regulation, the inevitable information asymmetry distancing each of the subjects involved from the whole system. The paper, mainly focusing on certain recent developments in the legal systems of the PRC and the EU will attempt to sketch the relevant issues and some possible solutions.
Decoupling Accountability and Liability
Authors: Wang Cancan , Staykova Kalina
Published: December 2022

As open public data initiatives have become prevalent among local and national governments across the globe with promises of benefits such as increased accountability, challenges, especially the governments’ lack of willingness to open public data, have also begun to emerge. Existing governance research on open public data primarily focuses on how open public data can increase the accountability of public bodies. The important steps in achieving accountability are, however, ignored. In this paper, we view the perceived risk of liability as a barrier for the public bodies to disclose their data in the first place, and hence to achieve accountability as a desired outcome. We explore the link between perceived risk of liability and accountability by looking into the recently announced Interim Measures for the Opening of Public Data in Shanghai as an example of a local regulatory initiative of open public data. Our findings show that by identifying the specific data entities and outlining their corresponding duties, the interim measures clarify the roles of different public bodies and under what conditions they can incur liability. By introducing an exemption clause, they also provide public bodies with legal flexibility to cope with uncertain consequences of data utilization. In this way, we argue that the interim measures, outlining duties for specific entities in data opening in accounting for the consequences of data utilization while remaining flexible due to their temporality, constitute a novel regulatory approach towards reducing the legal uncertainty around perceived risks of liability in the area of open public data, hence potentially contributing to increased accountability.
The Rise of Smart Courts in China
Authors: Peng Junlin , Xiang Wen
Published: December 2022

Information and communication technology has increasingly played an important role in judicial activities. In recent years, digitalization of courts has been explored actively in theory and practice in China. Generally, digitalization of courts refers to that litigation activities like case-filing, court trial, execution, service and preservation can be carried out online to a certain degree, with the help of modern technology like big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and high-tech equipment. Digitalization of courts is considered to help to improve judicial efficiency, contribute to judicial disclosures, provide convenience for people and to establish judicial big data. However, lack of consistent guidelines might undermine the application of digital means in the judiciary. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the progress made so far with regard to digitalization of courts in China, and to analyze the opportunities and challenges during the digitalized process of Chinese courts.
Experts and the Judiciary
Authors: Campbell Jonh R.
Published: December 2022

In this paper I draw on my experience as an anthropologist, twenty-six years work as a country expert and extensive research on asylum and immigration law and practice to assess how litigation has shaped the role of country experts and the way their evidence is evaluated by Judges who sit in United Kingdom’s Immigration and Asylum Tribunal (IAT) and in the English Court of Appeal. I begin by looking at the history of applied work in Anthropology and my growing involvement as an Anthropological ‘expert’ involved in asylum and immigration law. I then examine litigation in the British courts which has attempted to deﬁne and regulate the role of experts and their evidence. Finally, I discuss my work as a country expert and how the courts have assessed the ‘validity’ of my evidence by drawing on a diverse range of asylum claims. The paper concludes that while experts confront a range of constraints imposed by the law, they can successfully challenge judges to rethink their assumptions and ensure that vulnerable refugees are granted protection.

In the mid-1990s I received an unsolicited email from a barrister asking me to write an ‘expert’ report for a child who was claiming asylum in the UK. I had never heard of ‘country experts’ nor was I aware of the form which the report should take or what issues it should address. It took me an entire week to draft a short report at the expense of my obligations as an academic in a British university. I never heard the outcome of that appeal. Since that inauspicious beginning I have written over six hundred reports and I have conducted extensive ﬁeldwork and research on the British asylum system. This paper examines the provision of ‘cultural expertise’, a term which Holden (2019) and Henderson et al (2020) have used to describe a speciﬁc role take up by academics who provide expert evidence to the courts which enables judges/mediators to better understand key socio-cultural and other issues which are relevant to the case. Holden is particularly interested in the engagement of anthropologists as experts in the legal process. In this sense, cultural expertise should not be confused with the ability attributed to anthropologists of understanding a society’s ‘culture’ based on ethnographic research.

Section (i) examines how my career as an academic anthropologist became intertwined with work as a ‘country expert’, and how expert witnessing expanded from a part-time preoccupation to become the focus of my professional work and research. Section (ii) provides an overview of litigation which has sought to regulate the work of country experts. In section (iii) I draw on my experience as an anthropological expert to show the tensions between experts and the judiciary and how my work has sought to challenge judicial interpretations in an attempt to secure protection for refugees.
Features of the Naming in the Epic of the Evenks
Authors: Yakovleva Margarita Prokop'evna
Published: December 2022

The epic of the Evenks – nimngakama nimngakan, in its diversity, imagery and volume is not inferior to the most famous examples of the epic genre of other peoples. The narrative parts consist of typed descriptions of nature, the actions of the hero, portrait characteristics, which are mainly motifs and traditional epic formulas. One of the key motives in the epic is the naming of the hero, because depending on the name, the fate of the epic hero also develops. The epic of each nation is unique, inimitable, peculiar. However, many motives, plots, images, formulas are similar. The subject of the study is the features of the naming motif in the heroic tales of the Evenks. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the fact that for the first time the naming motif in the nimngakans of the Evenks is analyzed in detail. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that research aimed at studying motives, plots will help to establish general patterns of the formation of the world epic tradition, at the same time, and identifying the specifics of each epic. The main research methods are comparative-historical and typological. Based on the materials of the epic, the author comes to the conclusion that the meaning of the name affects the plot of heroic tales, therefore, the indicated motive in the epic is an important link in the narrative. In the epic of the Evenks, the early features of the individualization of the hero-character are concentrated and reflected in his full proper name, therefore he has a mandatory definitive epithet.
The central role of the centrosome
Authors: Stötzel Isabel , Kiermaier Eva
Published: December 2022

The centrosome decides which branch extending from the body of microglia will successfully engulf and clear away dead neurons.
Teaching old drugs new tricks
Authors: Faille Alexandre , Warren Alan J
Published: December 2022

Understanding the mechanism by which streptomycin binds to the small subunit of the mitoribosome may help researchers design less toxic derivatives of this antibiotic.
Generation of raptor diversity in Europe: linking speciation with climate changes and the ability to migrate
Authors: Negro Juan J. , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Eduardo J. , Rodríguez Airam , Bildstein Keith
Published: December 2022

Europe holds a rich community of diurnal birds of prey, and the highest proportion of transcontinental migratory raptorial species of any landmass. This study will test the hypotheses that the high diversification of the raptor assemblage in Europe is a recent event, that closely related species sharing the same trophic niches can only coexist in sympatry during the breeding period, when food availability is higher, and finally that migration is a function of size, with the smaller species in every trophic group moving further. A consensus molecular phylogeny for the 38 regular breeding species of raptors in Europe was obtained from BirdTree (www.birdtree.org). For the same species, a trophic niche cluster dendrogram was constructed. Size and migratory strategy were introduced in the resulting phylogeny, where trophic groups were also identified. Multispecific trophic groups tended to be composed of reciprocal sister species of different sizes, while monospecific groups (n = 3) were composed of highly specialized species. Many speciation events took place recently, during the glacial cycles of the Quaternary, and size divergence among competing species may be due to character displacement. Nowadays, the smaller species in every trophic group migrate to sub-Saharan Africa. This investigation illustrates how the rich assemblage of diurnal birds of prey in Europe, more diverse and more migratory than, for instance, the North American assemblage at equivalent latitudes, has emerged recently due to the multiplication of look-alike species with similar trophic ecologies, possibly in climate refugia during cold periods.
Intelligent Scenario of Sports Outward Training Based on Enhanced Multimedia Area Network Technology
Authors: Deng Huihong
Published: December 2022

:Outward Bound training is an important teaching method, which complies with the requirements of the reform of the physical education curriculum. It can not only cultivate students' interest in learning, stimulate students' potential, but also cultivate students' team awareness. After Outward Bound training enters our country. The ability of the courseware is not high, and the content, text and pictures of the courseware need to be strengthened. Most of the courseware uses simple PPT software. It provides help for the teaching of physical education teachers in colleges and universities, systematically manages the information of physical education teaching, and improves physical education teaching. efficiency, and enrich the resource sharing of physical education teaching in colleges and universities. An overall analysis of the needs of various aspects of college physical education and teaching management.
Construction and Optimization of Modern Education Management System based on Multi-Dimensional Informatization
Authors: Yongzheng Su
Published: December 2022

Construction and optimization of modern education management system based on multi-dimensional informatization is studied in the paper. For the education management of colleges and universities, its main goal is to cultivate students' ability to live independently, so that students can actively adapt to future life and work. The method can timely obtain some suggestions and opinions of parents and students on school management, which can greatly improve the management quality and efficiency of the whole school. Hence, our study then uses the novel multi-dimensional informatization ideas into the modern education management system to then achieve the better performance.
Existence and Uniqueness of Stationary Probability Vector for Stochastic Matrices using Farkas’ Lemma
Authors: Lahiri Somdeb
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this note is to provide a simple proof of existence of stationary probability vectors (fixed points) for stochastic matrices using Farkas’ lemma. This result as well as the uniqueness of stationary probability vectors also holds for a certain subclass of quasi-stochastic matrices.
Relationship and Comparison of Hypertension Grade 1 and 2 to the Event of Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Salutondok Welly , Tanggo Christian Ronald
Published: December 2022

Hypertension is an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure above average, which can increase the occurrence of chronic kidney failure. Age, gender, genetics, nutrition, stress, activity, and lifestyle are risk factors for this problem. This study aims to determine the relationship and comparison of hypertension grades 1 and 2 to the incidence of chronic kidney failure at UKI General Hospital by looking at medical record data. This research was conducted with an analytical observational method and a cross-sectional approach. The sample consists of 73 respondents, and the sample selection using a simple random sampling technique. The results showed that the most criteria were age > 40 years (74.0%), the most gender was female (58.9%), and the highest body mass index (BMI) was mild overweight (43.8%). In this study, there was a significant relationship between hypertension and chronic kidney failure p=0.002 (p<0.05), and respondents with grade 2 hypertension had a higher risk of chronic kidney failure compared to grade 1 hypertension (95.6%).
The Transition from Subsistence to Cash Crop Farming in Abogeta Sub County of Meru from 1937 -1980
Authors: Kaburu Lydia Gaceri , Kithinji Caroline Mucece , Nkonge Dickson K.
Published: December 2022

This study is about a history on the transition from subsistence to cash crop farming in Abogeta Sub-County is in Meru County, Kenya from 1937-1980. Before 1937 farming practices were mainly for subsistence. Crops grown included millet, sorghum, peas, arrowroots, yams, beans and cowpeas. The purpose of this study was to examine the transition from subsistence to cash crop farming in Abogeta Sub County of Meru from 1937 to 1980. It was guided by Articulation of Modes of Production theory whose main precept is that penetration of capitalism in Africa affected modes of production. The study employed descriptive research design to describe the events as they occurred systematically. The instruments of data collection were interview schedules, focused group discussions and observation schedule. The sources of data included oral sources, archival sources and secondary sources which were corroborated to meet the reliability and objectivity of the research. The study was analyzed and presented through Qualitative Data Analysis. The study revealed that traditionally people from Abogeta Sub County engaged in subsistence farming. Farming shifted to cash crop farming from 1937 with introduction of cash crops like coffee and tea. This drift was fueled by search for money and industrialization. The study also noted that the transition had both positive and negative impacts on people of Abogeta. Food insecurity and migration were noted while on positive side it became the major economic activity and hence a source of livelihood to those that practiced. The study may be useful to future researchers in related area. Policy makers in the government may use the study to find solutions to food insecurity in Abogeta Sub County of Meru-County.
A poetics of change
Authors: Meares Russell
Published: December 2022

The progress of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy depends upon our capacity to study, in a scientific manner, the process of therapy. Since a study of this kind involves charting the waxing and waning of something as elusive as the sense of personal existence, the task has, in the past, been seen as virtually impossible. However, words, or more particularly the way words are used, manifest such shifting states. Sophisticated linguistic analyses are available which give us the means to conduct these necessary studies.
In this article, I am suggesting that an ongoing sense of personal existence, which William James called self, is 'multilayered', in the manner of the poetic, and that indices of such 'layering' will reflect beneficial change. The description of this zone of experience, which might be called the synchronic, depends upon contributions from Marcel Proust, Virginia Woolf, Henri Bergson, and Ferdinand de Saussure.
Whakapapa and whanaukataka
Authors: Manawaroa Gray Rev. Maurice
Published: December 2022

The traditional world of the Māori understands relationships in the context of Whakapapa and Whanaukaraka (Genealogical Relationships) that exist at the three levels of the cosmic, natural and human worlds, which are inextricably linked. Whakapapa is synergised in both apodictic and scientific truths, which co-exist in a complementary manner. Humanity is viewed as being merely a microcosm of the cosmic realm; the self is viewed as being a reflection of the Universe. Māori culture, then, insists on the indivisible linkages between all things, whether human, environmental, or celestial, which are all viewed as being related.
The inter-relationship between the four cosmic elements of Fire, Air, Water and Earth are synonymous with the micro-levels of the self: the Spiritual Body, the Psychological Body, the Emotional Body and the Physical Body. Maori therapeutic practices insist on the well-being of the person being centred around the mauri (life-force) of inner well-being; the balance of these with each other, with the four environmental elements, and with the cosmos.
At a therapeutic level, then, relationships for Māori refer to the interplay between the archetypal entities that exist within a person's cosmology, and the influence on these by their whanau, social contacts and interactions. In this context, the person understands themselves as existing as a part of the sum total, less important as an individual than the collective whole. It is important for psychotherapists to understand these complex elements when working with Māori clients.
Shifts in focus in psychotherapy
Authors: Milton Chris
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the challenge to the psychotherapist of making a shift in focus in psychotherapy. In so doing it revisits the concerns of a seminal paper of Jung's in which he introduced the notion of four foci or phases in psychotherapy: confession, elucidation, education and transformation. In the present paper Jungian theory is dialogued with contemporary psychoanalytic concepts. 'Symbol', in particular, as a core element of analytical psychology, is presented in terms of the contemporary psychoanalytic notion of 'dialectic'. These notions are used to clarify something of the technical considerations entailed in the execution of the shifts or transitions between psychotherapeutic foci. Condensed out of clinical experience and theoretical ruminations in such varied fields as contemporary psychoanalytic thinking, analytical psychology and transpersonal psychology three symbolic/dialectical attitudes are presented: a commitment to perspicacity, an awareness of position and the Promethean-Epimethean attitude.
Case material is presented and filtered through the re-reading of theory and the three symbolic/dialectical attitudes proposed as aids to shifts of focus. An attempt is made to understand the ways in which shifts between the foci are made and the ways in which the decisions to make such shifts are validated.
Jung and the Native American Moon Cycles: Rhythms of influence
Authors: Crane Sara
Published: December 2022

Michael Owen is a Jungian psychotherapist who began his life and work in Canada and now practices in New Zealand. The inspiration for this book came primarily from the author's experience with the wisdom of the Peoples of Turtle Island (North, South and Central America). He proposes that these traditions and those of analytical psychology balance and enhance each other.
The FDA Struggle to Withdraw Makena
Authors: Aaron Daniel G. , Cohen I. Glenn , Adashi Eli Y.
Published: December 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the controversy surrounding the FDA’s efforts to withdraw Makena from the market and the broader implications for the accelerated approval pathway.
Health Workforce Issues More Conspicuous After Onset of COVID-19
Authors: Cutler David M.
Published: December 2022

This JAMA Forum discusses the problems facing the health care workforce in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, including a shortage of workers and the challenge of increasing wages, and highlights issues that policy makers and leaders may consider to address these problems.
Seeing Blue Dots After COVID-19 Infection
Authors: D’Souza Haley S. , Tailor Prashant D. , Olsen Timothy W.
Published: December 2022

A 12-year-old female individual receives a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and reports bilateral blurry vision, large blue paracentral scotomata, and a migraine without a scintillating scotoma. What would you do next?