bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnóstico institucional del servicio civil en América Latina: Honduras 2024
Authors: Caballero Liliana
Published: January 2025

En un contexto de transición y desafíos estructurales, el servicio civil de Honduras enfrenta la tarea de modernizarse para fortalecer el poder ejecutivo y recuperar el Estado de derecho. La tercera evaluación del servicio civil en el país, realizada tras las ediciones de 2004 y 2012, muestra un progreso mínimo en el índice global, pasando de 12 a 15 puntos sobre 100, con mejoras significativas en áreas como la gestión del rendimiento y las relaciones laborales, pero rezagos en otros aspectos clave. Este informe destaca la creación de la Administración Nacional de Servicio Civil (ANSEC) en 2023 como un paso importante hacia la profesionalización, equidad y transparencia del servicio civil. La ANSEC busca regular la función pública, promover la meritocracia, reformar la escala salarial y garantizar una administración pública eficiente. Aunque se han iniciado reformas estratégicas, estas aún deben consolidarse para cumplir con sus objetivos. El estudio identifica una hoja de ruta centrada en modernizar la gestión de recursos humanos, con recomendaciones clave como la planificación estratégica del personal, la implementación de una estrategia de digitalización, el fortalecimiento de los concursos por mérito y la creación de una nueva ley de servicio civil. Este análisis subraya la importancia de un servicio civil profesional e inclusivo para mejorar la calidad de los bienes y servicios públicos, fortalecer la confianza ciudadana y responder a los retos del desarrollo en Honduras.
Artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Najafi Atabak
Published: January 2025

The Article Abstract is not available.
Using Micro-Learning to Enhance Knowledge and Skills of Airway Management in Nurse Anesthesia Students: An Interventional Study
Authors: Albooghobeish Masoumeh , Ghalandeh Alireza , Khalafi Ali , Haghighizadeh Mohammad Hosein
Published: January 2025

Background: As a subfield of E-Learning, Micro-Learning provides asynchronous instruction to reduce mental strain and boost understanding by delivering educational content in bite-sized, concise learning modules. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Micro-Learning on the airway management knowledge and skills of nurse anesthesia students.
Methods: This Non-Randomized Controlled study, employing a Pre-test-Post-test design, included 52 nurse anesthesia students in Iran. Participants were first assessed with a Pre-test, and then assigned to either the M-L M (n=26) or T M (n=26) groups. Over three weeks, the M-L M group received Micro-Learning-based materials through social media, while the T M group received traditional face-to-face instruction. The intervention focused on airway management during peri-induction of general anesthesia. Then, the first and second Post-tests were given to assess the acquisition and retention of knowledge and skills, using a researcher-made instrument called AMAI-NA.
Results: Based on within-group comparisons, in both M-L M and T M groups mean scores of both Knowledge and Skills significantly increased from the Pre-test to 1st Post-test, then declined from 1st Post-test to 2nd Post-test. Yet, 2nd Post-test mean scores remained significantly higher than the Pre-test for both groups. Based on Inter-group comparisons, despite the absence of a statistically significant difference in Pre-test mean scores between the two groups, the mean scores for Knowledge and Skills of the M-L M group were significantly higher than those of the T M group in 1st and 2nd Post-tests. Furthermore, the M-L M group exhibited a greater increase in mean scores from the Pre-test to 1st and 2nd Post-tests compared to the T M group, as well as a lesser decrease from 1st Post-test to 2nd Post-test.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Micro-Learning significantly enhanced the acquisition and retention of knowledge and skills related to airway management, compared to the traditional method.
The Most Important Measures in Reducing Infection Control in the Anesthesia Work Environment: An Evidence-Based Study
Authors: Barazesh Younes , Moradimajd Parisa , Saei Azam , Abolghasemi Jamileh , Azizi-Darbandi Mohammad-Mahdi
Published: January 2025

Background: Anesthesia providers cross-contaminate their work environment. The hands of anesthesia providers are vectors for the transmission of infection between medical equipment in the anesthesia work environment and patients. The high work density of anesthesia providers around the patient has made it important to monitor infection control in the work environment and anesthesia procedures. This research aimed to find the best evidence for preventing or reducing infection in the anesthesia work environment.
Methods: The measures required for the guidelines in the field of infection control in the anesthesia work environment were determined according to the available resources and the use of expert opinions of anesthesiologists and faculty members. Then, the guidelines for infection control in the anesthesia work environment were designed based on the evidence-based method (Stettler model). Also, it has been implemented in a limited way in the operating room. To assess the validity of the approach used in calculating the content validity coefficient (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI), Finally, the Test-Retest method, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to determine reliability.
Results: The guidelines for infection control in the anesthesia work environment were designed using evidence-based methods (Stettler's model). The content validity of anesthesia procedures requiring infection control guidelines was reported with a content validity index (CVI) of more than 0.79 and a content validity ratio (CVR) of more than 0.59. The reliability test was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.806).
Conclusion: Based on this study, the use of global infection control guidelines changes the attitude of anesthesia nurses and reduces the rate of infection in the anesthesia work environment. Also, the use of evidence-based methods facilitates the implementation of guidelines in the target environment.
Investigating the Effects of Performing the Early Mobilization Protocol on Postoperative Hemorrhaging in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Dahmardeh Hanie
Published: January 2025

Background: Most adverse effects following cardiac surgery, including hemorrhaging, are related to immobility. The early mobilization of the patient in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) can counteract these adverse effects. Despite the awareness, however, the protocol has a low performance rate due to numerous barriers. The present research aims to investigate the effectiveness of performing the early mobilization protocol on hemorrhaging in cardiac surgery patients.
Methods: This research is a clinical trial study conducted in 2023-2024 at Ali Ibn AbiTalib Hospital in Zahedan, Iran, on 100 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Purposive sampling was used based on the inclusion criteria. Hemorrhaging risk assessment in patients was evaluated according to the preoperative checklist. The early mobilization protocol was performed on day 2 after surgery on patients in the intervention group with mild to low risk of hemorrhage. The statistical tests of repeated measures, chi-square, and independent t-test were used for data analysis in SPSS 26.
Results: There were no statistically significant variations in the demographic characteristics of patients in the intervention and control groups. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the blood volume loss in patients over three different time periods (days 2, 3, and 4 after surgery) were 326.500±16.81, 69.300±11.41, and 51.200±3.82 in the intervention group, respectively, and 350.00±16.81, 325.00±11.41, and 82.10±3.82 in the control group, respectively, indicating the effectiveness of performing the early mobilization protocol (P ˂ 0.001).
Conclusion: Performing the early mobilization protocol can reduce the volume of bleeding after cardiac surgery and the early discharge of patients, thus leading to reduced complications. Nurses as the main care providers in intensive care units play a key role in performing the protocol.
Investigating The Agreement of Hypomagnesemia Diagnosis in Three Perimeter of Serum, Urine, and Red Blood Cell in Intensive Care Unit: Pilot Study
Authors: Nazarzade Nastaran , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba , Gholami Farshid , Mojtahedzadeh Amirmahdi , Shiehmorteza Maryam , Ghanbarzamani Amirhossein
Published: January 2025

Background: Magnesium is a vital element in the body involved in biochemical and physiological processes. Magnesium deficiency can lead to serious consequences including cardiac, neurological, muscular disorders, and other clinical manifestations. In our country, commonly, magnesium measurement is done by measuring serum magnesium levels. This paper discusses the prevalence and consequences of magnesium deficiency in patients hospitalized in the ICU and emphasizes the importance of diagnosis and treating hypomagnesemia.
Methods: Diagnosis of hypomagnesemia is done by measuring serum magnesium, urine magnesium, and magnesium in RBCs. We conducted a prospective study on 30 critically ill patients (14 male, and 16 female) who were admitted to the ICU to examine the prevalence of magnesium deficiency. In eligible patients, after measuring serum and RBC magnesium levels, 7.5 grams of magnesium sulfate in 1000 ml isotonic saline was infused over 8 hours at a rate of 125 ml/hour and urine was collected for 24 hours from the start of the infusion.
Results: The mean age was 71. There was a significant difference between the levels of serum Mg and RBC Mg (U statistic = 266 and P<0.05). The results showed a significant difference between the levels of serum Mg and urinary Mg (U statistic was almost 0 and P<0.05). The results indicated a significant difference between the levels of urinary Mg and RBC Mg (U statistic was almost 0 and P<0.05).
Conclusion: There is no correlation between serum magnesium and the body’s magnesium requirement in patients, and serum magnesium does not reflect the actual status of patients in the ICU. Therefore, measuring the level of magnesium in red blood cells is preferable to urinary magnesium and serum magnesium to investigate hypomagnesemia in the ICU. Additionally, there is no correlation between age, gender, APACHE II score, and the percentage of infused magnesium absorption in patients.
Exploring the Effects of Sub-Dissociative Doses of Ketamine on Sedation Quality in Bronchoscopy: A Double-Blind Clinical Study
Authors: Shetabi Hamidreza , Rostami Samira
Published: January 2025

Background: Sedation is recommended during flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) to aid in airway evaluation, minimize patient mobility, and enhance patient safety. This study was conducted to compare the impact of different sub-dissociative ketamine (SDK) doses on the quality of sedation within FFB.
Methods: This research utilized randomized clinical trial design involving three cohorts, each consisting of 30 participants. The cohorts were administered varying doses of ketamine: 0.2 mg/kg (SDK1), 0.4 mg/kg (SDK2), and 0.5 mg/kg (SDK3). After receiving ketamine, all participants received propofol in bolus dose 0.4 mg/kg followed by infusion 50-100 µg/kg.
FFB started when sedation level 4 was reached, according to Ramsey's sedation score.
Results: Regarding demographic variables revealed no statistically notable discrepancy among the cohorts (P>0.05). The SDK3 cohort exhibited a higher average sedation score and longer duration of sedation compared to the SDK2, with both metrics also surpassing those of the SDK1 cohort. (P>0.001). Furthermore, the satisfaction levels reported by the bronchoscopist (P=0.78) and the participants (P=0.019) were notably greater in the SDK3 cohort than in the other groups. Additionally, the amount of propofol administered to the SDK3 cohort was less than that given to the SDK2, and both cohort received lower doses than the SDK1 cohort (P>0.001).
Conclusion: Elevating the SDK from 0.2 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg when administered alongside propofol correlates with a rise in the score of sedation, increasing patient and bronchoscopist satisfaction, and decreasing propofol consumption in FFB in adults. A dosage of 0.5 mg/kg might be more advantageous compared to alternative dosages for FFB in adult patients.
The Effect of Implementing Self-Compassion Program on Moral Injury of Nursing Students
Authors: Dahmardeh Hanie
Published: January 2025

Background: Self-compassion can have a significant role and impact on moral damage, and the positive components of self-compassion (self-kindness, common human sense, and mindfulness) reduce the negative effects of moral damage, so using self-compassion methods can reduce the moral damage caused to nursing students during their studies. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the self-compassion program on the moral damage of nursing students in 2024.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 150 nursing students of the 7th and 8th semesters in the intership course of Zahedan School of Nursing in 2023 were randomly selected in two groups of 75, intervention and control. 8 sessions of face-to-face educational program were designed and implemented for students and the degree of application of the programs by them was followed up under the supervision of the researcher. Before and 2 months after the implementation of the intervention, students' moral damage was measured using the moral damage questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent t, paired t and chi square statistical tests under SPSS 21 statistical software.
Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference for the average score of moral injury between the control and intervention groups (P=0.001). On the other hand, the t-pair test shows a significant increase in the mean score of moral injury two months after the completion of the educational intervention in the intervention group (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the current self-compassion training program can reduce the moral damage of nursing students during the 7th and 8th semesters, before entering the hospital as a professional nurse; Therefore, it is necessary to use it in future planning for nursing students during the 7th and 8th semester.
Higher AVCO2 and Lactate Gradient Combined with SOFA Score as a Mortality Predictor During the 6-hours of Resuscitation of Septic Shock
Authors: Doluee Morteza Talebi , Ghasemzadeh Sahar Azam , Moghadam Ahmad Bagheri , Abbasishaye Zahra , Soroosh Davood , Moradi Elnaz Vafadar
Published: January 2025

Background: Sepsis is a severe and life-threatening condition leading to widespread inflammation and organ dysfunction. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment. One of the key indicators used to assess the severity and prognosis of sepsis is lactate level. Another key indicator of sepsis severity is a significant difference in the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) between veins and arteries.
Methods: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the differences in the venous and arterial PCO2 and lactate levels during the first 6 hours of treatment of septic shock. In this prospective observational-analytical study patients with septic shock admitted to the ICU were evaluated. Sepsis is defined as patients who had 1 or more of the SIRS criteria with a possible or proven source of infection and hypotension despite appropriate fluid therapy who needed to receive vasopressors.
Results: Among 85 patients the mean age was 64±17 years and 48 (56%) were men. Of these patients, 15 (17%) died, of them 8 (53.33%) were male, 14 (93%) were diabetic, 11(73.33%) were hypertensive, 11 (73.33%) had ischemic Heart disease and 9 (60%) patients had Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The mean HR, SBP, and DBP were significantly higher in lived patients; the SOFA scores were significantly lower in these patients.
Conclusion: Overall, the gradient of AV PCO2 and lactate clearance combined with SOFA score can be a valuable tool for clinicians in predicting mortality risk in critically ill patients and guiding treatment decisions.
Shivering Management in Spinal Anesthesia: Evaluating the Role of Ketamine: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sangi Siavash , Kiaei Mehrdad Mesbah , Maroufi Shahnam Sedigh , Aligholizadeh Maryam , Moradimajd Parisa , Saei Azam
Published: January 2025

Background: Shivering is one of the most prevalent known complications due to dysregulation in the thermoregulatory system following regional anesthesia, with an incidence of 65%, leading to unpleasant outcomes and decreased patient satisfaction. Ketamine, a weak analgesic, affects the thermoregulatory center.
Methods: The authors conducted a search and selection of articles using reputable scientific databases. The search keywords included Shivering, Ketamine, and Spinal Anesthesia. The selected articles summarized the literature findings related to ketamine and shivering after spinal anesthesia.
Results: This narrative review synthesizes findings from multiple studies examining the role of ketamine in managing shivering following spinal anesthesia. Based on the results obtained, 10 areas were examined: Definition of shivering, Epidemiology of postoperative shivering, Pathophysiology of shivering, Risk factors for post-spinal anesthesia shivering, Spinal anesthesia, its benefits, and its impact on shivering, Post-anesthetic shivering (PAS) complications, Risk factors for postoperative shivering, Control and management of post-anesthetic shivering (PAS) dosage, Effective timing and benefits of ketamine administration in postoperative shivering.
Conclusion: The effectiveness of ketamine in preventing shivering after spinal anesthesia is evident from the mixed results of studies. Ketamine, regardless of dosage, can be effective in reducing shivering after spinal anesthesia based on the mentioned criteria. Standardized research with precise methods to determine optimal dosages and ensure safety is necessary.
The Role of Etomidate for Rapid Sequence Intubation in Emergency Medicine: A Systematic Review
Authors: Paknezhad Seyed Pouya , Shahsavarinia Kavous , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Esfahlan Fatemeh Jangjou , Soleimanpour Maryam , Sanaie Sarvin , Soleimanpour Hassan
Published: January 2025

Background: Etomidate, a short-acting hypnotic drug, plays a pivotal role in induction for intubation, particularly in emergency settings. Its favourable hemodynamic profile renders it a suitable choice for patients with hemodynamic instability
Methods: In this systematic review, we aim to delineate its role in emergency ward settings. Through a systematic search across databases, we identified nine eligible studies for inclusion. We searched the databases of PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Medline (Ovid) from 2004 to 2023 for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and observational studies in which the study population was referred to the emergency department and received etomidate for Rapid sequence intubation (RSI).
Results: These studies collectively underscored the safety and efficacy of etomidate in emergency patients, with its suppressive effects on the adrenal axis deemed clinically insignificant.
Conclusion: The rapid onset of action and favourable hemodynamic profile position etomidate as a desirable agent for rapid sequence induction. However, further studies are warranted to strengthen recommendations in this regard.
Diving into Diagnostic Complexity: A Case Study of Spontaneous Hemothorax
Authors: Sarkhosh Maryam , Sajadi Atiyeh Sadat , Moghaddam Omid Moradi , Majd Parisa Moradi
Published: January 2025

Hemothorax, a condition characterized by blood accumulation in the pleural space, primarily results from trauma, affecting around 300,000 individuals annually in the United States. Spontaneous cases, although rare, pose diagnostic challenges due to diverse etiologies such as coagulation disorders, vascular anomalies, and neoplastic diseases. Diagnostic modalities like computed tomography, chest X-ray, and ultrasound play a crucial role in identification. A 29-year-old female with multiple sclerosis presented with severe chest symptoms, leading to pleural effusion requiring chest tube insertion. Despite inconclusive rheumatologic tests, evaluations excluded malignancies and thromboembolic events, enabling transfusions and supportive care. Global cases underscore varied causes of spontaneous hemothorax, with management strategies emphasizing interdisciplinary care. While certain conditions were ruled out, unresolved rheumatologic concerns persisted post-discharge, highlighting the need for further research to enhance diagnosis and management of spontaneous hemothorax.
A Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma with History of Benign Prostatic: A Case Report
Authors: Tavakoli Hassan , Amoli Hadi Ahmadi , Yazdi Seyed Amir Miratashi , Sharifi Mohammad , Abdolahi Mina , Gholizadeh Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Liposarcoma, a malignant tumor originating from fat cells, is a rare occurrence in the retroperitoneal region. Surgical resection is the standard method for treating this cancer. This type of tumor is classified into common subtypes, which include well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma.
A 53-year-old male patient presented with lower left quadrant (LLQ) pain and melena for two weeks. Further diagnostic evaluation, including colonoscopy, revealed a 50 mm polyp in the hepatic flexure or distal of the ascending colon.
The pathological assessment of the mass demonstrated a lipomatous lesion with a nuclear atypical lipomatous tumor, which was diagnosed as well-differentiated liposarcoma.
The patient underwent surgical treatment and was discharged following his recovery.
Systems Thinking and Design Thinking: Combining Two Approaches for a Faster Design Process
Authors: Yunidar Dandi , Singh Ravinder , Barr Thomas John
Published: January 2025

Understanding the user is an important point in successful product design, but often, the process is difficult and takes a lot of time. This article aims to offer a way to shorten the process of the first stage in design thinking, namely empathizing, which normally takes up much of the time spent on a project. The process combines systems thinking into the design thinking process and applies it in a simulated project. The results of the simulations show that systems thinking not only speeds up time at the empathize stage but also covers up to the define stage, which is the second stage in design thinking. This article will be useful to students working on a design project for their school assignment or even to an industry with a tight time developing a product.
Keywords: design thinking, product design, systems thinking
Comparative Study of the Philosophical Meaning of “Rumah Gadang Ukiran Cino” Carvings and its Implementation in Minangkabau People's Life
Authors: Alghifary Faiz , Belasunda Riksa
Published: January 2025

Rumah Gadang refers to a traditional house belonging to the Minangkabau people, known for its distinctive Gonjong roof and intricate flora and fauna carvings. These carvings are rich in symbolic motifs and hold valuable life lessons for the Minangkabau people. However, a unique variation of Rumah Gadang exists in Koto Tangah Simalanggang, Lima Puluh Kota district. It is dubbed the Rumah Gadang Ukiran Cino, it features Chinese-style carvings with distinct techniques and colors. This research uses a qualitative descriptive-analytical research method that aims to understand the philosophical meanings behind the carving motifs on the Rumah Gadang Ukiran Cino through a comparative study with the original carving motifs on the initial type of The Rumah Gadang house. Peculiarly, the Chinese carving motifs in the Rumah Gadang Ukiran Cino share the same fundamental meanings as the primary Minangkabau motifs, which allows them to still serve as a valuable guide for the social life of the residents of Minangkabau.
Keywords: carvings, Minangkabau culture, philosophical meaning, rumah gadang
A Case Study of a Didactic Platform Experiments using Off-the-Shelf Hardware
Authors: Santos Daniel H. C. , Coutinho Bruno de Araujo , Cordeiro Augusto Santos , Stopa Marcelo Martins , Cupertino Allan Fagner
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the essential role of power electronics in modern electrical engineering and emphasizes the need for practical, hands-on learning experiences. By utilizing an easily-accessible, modular educational platform consisting of the DSP TI C2000 LAUNCHXL-F280049C and the BOOSTXL-3PHGANINV three-phase inverter module from Texas Instruments, students can bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. Detailed descriptions of the hardware, along with case studies on a bidirectional boost converter and a three-phase inverter, illustrate the effectiveness of this approach. The findings show that integrating experiential learning methodologies significantly enhances student engagement and comprehension. The platform enables students to simulate, prototype, and experimentally verify their designs, promoting a deeper understanding of power electronics principles. The paper concludes by highlighting the potential for expanding this educational framework to include additional modules and applications, thereby preparing students more effectively for the evolving demands of the power electronics industry.
Chicken Sex Determination using SWIM Gene Revealed its Location in Both Autosomes and Sex Chromosome
Authors: Sajeed Mohd , Reddy B. Rajith , Rao Mullu Atchuta , Azhaguraja M. , Shanmugam M. , Yadav Satya Pal , Chatterjee R.N. , Rajkumar U. , Sivalingam Jayakumar
Published: January 2025

Background: In chickens, female has heterogametic sex chromosomes (ZW) whereas it is homogametic (ZZ) in males. In chicken, the sex can be determined by genes specific to the W chromosome. Methods: Ten fertile eggs at18.5th day of incubation were selected for liver tissue sampling and further DNA isolation. The SWIM gene located on chromosome W was amplified using gene specific primers. Result: The PCR results revealed a 212 bp band that is specific to female birds and additionally a non- specific band appeared both in male and female birds at 900 bp. DNA sequencing, alignment and BLAST analysis of the bands specific to females and non-specific bands of males and females has revealed the sequence similarity of the non-specific bands with autosomes on chromosome 9 and W chromosome.
Deskripsi Deskripsi Ecosemantik pada Karya Puisi D. Zamawi Imron
Authors: Izzah Ismatul , Ahmadi Anas , Yohanes Budinuryanta
Published: January 2025

Faktor alam dapat mendorong sebuah karya puisi yang dapat mengetuk hati nurani manusia, sehingga manusia sadar akan apa yang telah dilakukan terhdap lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan aspek kajian dasar ontology dari karya D. Zamawi Imron, aksiology dari aspek budaya, dan epistemology bahasa yang terkandung dari sebuah puisi yang dihasilkan. Penelitian kualitatif disini yang juga mendeskripsikan hasil penelitian, sehingga tidak digunakan untuk menyimpulkan lebih luas. Selain itu, komparatif merupakan penelitian yang mendasarkan pada sebab akibat atau membandingkan sesuatu tersebut. Subjek penelitian ini adalah karya puisi dari D. Zamawi Imron yang bertema lingkungan atau ecosemantik, yang telah terbit dari beberapa buku yang bisa di download di googlebookstore.com pada tahun 2022-2023. Hasil penelitian dari kajian semantik, ekosemantik, dan ekologisnya yaitu menunjukkan representasi yang kompleks dan berlapis tentang alam dan juga ekologisnya, integrasi pengetahuan, dan bedah aspek sumber pengetahuan dari ketiga aspek hasil karya puisi dari D. Zawawi Imron terhadap nilai aksiologi, epistemologi, dan ecosemantiknya.
Representasi Alam dan Lingkungan pada Cerita Jagapati Bumi sebagai Media Edukasi Ekologis bagi Remaja
Authors: Faizah Dian Arifatul
Published: January 2025

This research aims to explore environmental problems that are currently increasingly urgent to be resolved. Ecological education is a main means of building environmental awareness, especially among teenagers. The book Jagapati Bumi by Anna Farida offers an innovative approach to communicating environmental knowledge through myths and local wisdom. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze the representation of nature in the story Jagapati Bumi as a literary environmental study. The results of the analysis show that the myths in this book not only function as entertainment, but also as educational media that instill the values ​​of environmental conservation. Through a narrative that describes the harmonious relationship between humans and nature, this book invites readers to respect and preserve the environment. In this way, Jagapati Bumi plays an important role in forming the character of teenagers who care about environmental sustainability, as well as developing deep ecological awareness. This research confirms that literature based on local wisdom can be an effective tool for educating and encouraging pro-environmental actions among teenagers.
The Dialectics of Godhead in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: Philosophical and Historical Perspectives
Authors: Amirudin Amirudin , Kulkarni Heramb , Al Ghozali Muhammad Iqbal , Karim Abdul
Published: January 2025

The issue of Godhead is a principal ideological problem, so historical-theological and philosophical studies are necessary to clarify scientific positions to strengthen arguments. The study in this paper is an attempt to trace the three Samawi religions (Abrahamic religions), which in its findings, it turns out that several conclusions have basic similarities. This paper is the result of qualitative research with literature studies from various literature to reveal historical problems that try to reduce unilateral claims based on the theological tendencies of each religion. With a historical-philosophical approach, the author attempts to provide descriptions and arguments regarding the fusion of human belief systems. The findings obtained in this paper are to understand the ideological-historical aspect, where it turns out that among Samawi religions, there is an evolution of belief systems in God. Then, they are used as theological and ideological systems.
Examining the Concept of “Education” in the Constitutional Court’s Case Law on Comprehensive Restrictions on Teachers’ Political Fundamental Rights
Authors:   Korea Soc Study Educ Princ, Ku Bonkyu
Published: January 2025

The debate about the political fundamental rights of teachers shows no sign of abating. This paper examines whether the premise of the issue itself is flawed. It uses Jang Sang-ho’s ‘the wrong view of education’, which criticises the first period of education studies, as a framework for analysis, and constitutional court cases that are considered important by both proponents and opponents of guaranteeing teachers’ political fundamental rights. The wrong view of education includes “conventional approach to education”, “heterogeneous disciplinary approach to education” and “result-oriented approach to education”, which confuse the extraneous and internal of education and not only hide education but also cause problems such as nationalism. Specifically, in both traditional and outcome-oriented approaches to education, even the extraneous of education within the school system was labeled as ‘education,’ with its rules and values applied to the educative process. However, in ‘2018heonma551’(2018헌마551), the Constitutional Court partially shows that the guarantee of teachers’ political fundamental rights based on the reconceptualisation of “education” may be favourable to the consolidation of the core of school∩education.
O ritmo e a musicalidade na poética do ator
Authors: Padilha Ísis Arrais , Pereira Sayonara Souza
Published: January 2025

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir acerca da formação do ator enfocando a abordagem das práticas de ritmo e musicalidade. Para tal, apresenta-se um breve histórico da retomada do ritmo pelo teatro ocidental, delineia-se a relação entre afeto e aprendizagem, e faz-se uma introdução sobre os Cocos e as suas potências para o ensino em artes da cena. As considerações finais apontam os ganhos possíveis decorrentes da aproximação com culturas de tradição.
Recursos visuais e o ensino de teatro
Authors: Anzolin Osvaldo
Published: January 2025

Este artigo trata do ensino e aprendizagem das visualidades cênicas, e da recente experiência nos cursos de Teatro da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Seu foco está na capacitação de estudantes de teatro de forma abrangente, e não na formação de cenógrafos ou quaisquer outros artistas especialistas na visualidade cênica. Reflete sobre a importância da combinação teoria e prática para o alcance de objetivos pedagógicos.
Inovação e interdisciplinaridade nas Ciências da Terra
Authors: Carneiro Celso Dal Ré , Gonçalves Pedro Wagner , Branco Fresia Soledad Ricardi Torres , Coltri Priscila Pereira
Published: January 2025

Todos sabem que “Ciência não é gasto, é investimento”, “exceto o Brasil” (Nader & Ribeiro, 2024, Quer impulsionar a economia? Invista em ciência. Folha de S.Paulo, 18.12.2024, grifo nosso). Graças aos investimentos, em 2023, o Brasil voltou a ocupar o 49º lugar do ranking das 50 economias mais inovadoras do mundo, segundo a última edição do Índice Global de Inovação, publicado pela Organização Mundial da Propriedade Intelectual. Um País que enfrenta enchentes no Sul e seca na Amazônia não pode negligenciar a ciência. As Ciências da Terra proporcionam uma compreensão abrangente da dinâmica ambiental e estabelecem firmes relações entre o ambiente terrestre e as múltiplas interferências humanas. Algumas destas levam à destruição de hábitats, que conduz ao desaparecimento de espécies. A convergência, ou interação, entre campos da ciência é comum na abordagem de muitos problemas práticos investigados pelos geocientistas: articulam-se estudos de várias áreas conectados em função do problema. Todas as grandes questões que a sociedade enfrenta (obtenção de recursos naturais, problemas demográficos e urbanos etc.) requerem conhecimento científico e cooperação de múltiplos campos. Dentre estes, os estudos da Terra possuem especial relevância. O progresso do conhecimento nos campos da Pesquisa, do Ensino, da Educação e da História das Ciências da Terra é alimentado pelos avanços das modernas tecnologias. Isso impulsiona a necessidade de difundir tais estudos e pesquisas – o que tem sido feito pela própria revista e obras como a série de e-books Explorando a Terra na Educação Básica.
Molecular Signatures of Aeroallergen Sensitization in Respiratory Allergy: A Comparative Study Across Climate-Matched Populations
Authors: González-Pérez Ruperto , Galván-Calle César Alberto , Galán Tania , Poza-Guedes Paloma , Sánchez-Machín Inmaculada , Calderon-Llosa Oscar , Pineda Fernando
Published: January 2025

Climate change is significantly altering the dynamics of airborne allergens, affecting their seasonality, allergenicity, and geographic distribution, which correlates with increasing rates of allergic diseases. This study investigates aeroallergen sensitization among populations from Tenerife, Spain, and Lima, Peru—two regions with similar climates but distinct socio-economic conditions. Our findings reveal that Spanish individuals, particularly those with asthma, demonstrate higher sensitization levels to a broader range of allergens, especially mites, with 85% of participants reacting to at least one mite allergen. In contrast, Peruvian patients exhibit a narrower spectrum of sensitization. These results highlight the influence of environmental factors, such as pollution and socioeconomic disparities, on allergen exposure and immune responses. Moreover, the study underscores the necessity for region-specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to effectively address these variations. By elucidating the intricate relationship between climate change, environmental factors, and allergen sensitization, this research offers insights into respiratory allergic conditions, advocating for tailored interventions to mitigate their impact across diverse populations.
Detection and Control of Mycotoxins in Food Products: Current Trends and Challenges
Authors: Maurya Urwashi Arvind
Published: January 2025

Mycotoxins, the invisible yet potent toxins produced by fungi like Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, represent a serious threat to food safety worldwide (Adebayo-Tayo & Adekunle, 2018). These microscopic contaminants silently infiltrate grains, fruits, nuts, and dairy, wreaking havoc on both human and animal health, with long-term consequences such as cancer, liver damage, and immune suppression (Fakhruddin & Syed, 2019). The economic impact is equally devastating, affecting crop yields, livestock health, and trade (Zhao & Zhang, 2020). This review explores the diverse types of mycotoxins, from carcinogenic aflatoxins to hormone-disrupting zearalenone, and examines the latest detection technologies—from traditional chromatography to cutting-edge biosensors (Al-Taher & Sweeney, 2020). It also delves into control strategies, from pre-harvest crop management to innovative biological interventions. As challenges persist in ensuring food safety, the article highlights emerging solutions driven by AI, nanotechnology, and molecular methods, offering hope for a future where food safety is no longer a risk but a global standard (Zhu & Wang, 2021).
LLMSeamCarver: LLM-Enhanced Content-Aware Image Resizing
Authors: Liu Dong , Yu Yanxuan , Tan Lianghao , Wu Wenjun , Zhao Bide
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces "LLMSeamCarver," a LLM-enhanced methodology for image resizing. LLMSeamCarver addresses the limitations of traditional seam carving with static pre-defined parameters, it uses LLM to achieve dynamic and user-controlled dynamically-resizing of images.The inclusion of LLMs in this research facilitates dynamic optimization of parameter tuning and adaptive energy function adjustments, enhancing overall robustness and efficiency of image resizing. LLMSeamCarver emerges as a transformative tool, offering versatile, high-quality resized images.
Improving Treatment Options for Patients With Double Refractory CLL
Authors: Jacobs Ryan , Wierda William
Published: January 2025

Proliferation and survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells are heavily dependent on B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and resistance to apoptosis. Approvals of multiple covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinas inhibitors (cBTKis) as well as the B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitor (BCL2i) venetoclax targeting these pathways have revolutionized the treatment of CLL and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). The superiority of these treatments over chemoimmunotherapy has been proven in phase III studies in both the treatment-naïve and relapsed refractory setting, leading to the majority of patients with CLL being treated sequentially with cBTKis and the BCL2i venetoclax as their first- and second-line therapies. While most patients with CLL respond for many years to these sequenced treatments, they are unfortunately not curative. There remains an unmet need for effective treatment options for patients who progressed after treatment with both cBTKis and BCL2i, also referred to as double refractory patients. Treatment options for double refractory CLL has improved recently with the approval of the non-covalent BTK inhibitor (ncBTKi) pirtobrutinib as well as the CD19 targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel). These recently approved treatment options for patients with CLL with at least 2 prior lines of therapy have fortunately demonstrated efficacy for double refractory CLL. Additionally, there are several novel treatment options in clinical development, including bi-specific antibodies, second generation BCL2is, new ncBTKis, and BTK degraders. Understanding resistance mechanisms to existing cBTKis and venetoclax can potentially inform on the best utilization of available treatment options for double refractory CLL and provide a personalized approach for these patients. In this review, a challenging example of a double refractory patient with CLL will serve as the basis for a review of available literature on the treatment of double refractory CLL/SLL.
One-Health Approach to the Computational Design of a Lipoprotein-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against Human and Livestock Tuberculosis
Authors: Shey Robert Adamu , Nchanji Gordon Takop , Tangan Tangan Yannick Aqua , Yaah Ntang Emmaculate , Shintouo Cabirou Mounchili , Yengo Bernis Neneyoh , Nebangwa Derrick Neba , Efeti Mary Teke , Chick Joan Amban , Ayuk Abey Blessings , Gwei Ketura Yaje , Lemoge Arnaud Azonpi , Ghogomu Stephen Mbigha , Vanhamme Luc , Souopgui Jacob
Published: January 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of ill health and one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with about 1.25 million deaths estimated in 2023. Control measures have focused principally on early diagnosis, treatment of active TB, and vaccination. However, the widespread emergence of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance remains the major public health threat to progress made in global TB care and control. Also, the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, the only licensed vaccine against TB in children, has been in use for over a century, and there have been considerable debates concerning its effectiveness in TB control. A multi-epitope vaccine against TB would be an invaluable tool to attain the Global Plan to End TB, 2023-2030 target. A rational approach that combines several B-cell and T-cell epitopes from key lipoproteins was adopted to design a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate. In addition, interactions with TLR4 were done to assess its ability to elicit an innate immune response. Conservation of the selected proteins suggests the possibility of cross-protection in line with the one-health approach to disease control. The vaccine candidate was predicted to be both antigenic and immunogenic, and immune simulation analyses demonstrated its ability to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. Protein-protein docking and normal mode analyses of the vaccine candidate with TLR4 predicted efficient binding and stable interaction. This study provides a promising one-health approach for the design of multi-epitope vaccines against human and livestock tuberculosis. Overall, the designed vaccine candidate demonstrated immunogenicity and safety features that warrant further experimental validation in vitro and in vivo.
A Study on Guidelines for Constructing Building Digital Twin Data
Authors: Jeong Dawoon , Jeong Taeyun , Lee Changyun , Choi Youngmin , Lee Dohun
Published: January 2025

In South Korea, to systematically share and operate data related to the National Digital Twin, a reference model standard for the National Digital Twin concept was established in 2021. This was followed by the development of national standards (KS) for buildings. Despite these efforts, the implementation of digital twin (or spatial information) projects faces challenges owing to a low level of understanding of the standards and the absence of a standardized data construction process. Consequently, data construction that adheres to these standards is not being accomplished. Additionally, a lack of understanding of data models, semantic elements, and GML editing methods has led to the creation of appearance-focused data. To address these issues, this study proposes a digital twin data (building domain) construction guide that organizes geometric information, semantic information, and attribute information for building-related digital twin data components (such as doors, windows, etc.). This guide study aims to enable stakeholders to easily construct fundamental digital twin data in accordance with the standards, ensuring high-quality product creation that meets the requirements. Furthermore, the detailed data construction requirements defined in this guide will allow it to serve as a manual usable by both the public and private sectors.
The Impact of Solar Power Plants on the Electricity Grid: A Case Study of Albania
Authors: Bardhi Astrit , Eski Ajakida , Leka Bajram , Dhoska Klodian
Published: January 2025

The demand for electricity in Albania has risen significantly in recent years, accompanied by a growing emphasis on sustainable and environmentally friendly development. As a result, the focus of electricity generation is increasingly shifting towards renewable sources, particularly solar energy. In recent years, several large-scale solar plants have been installed across the country. While these solar farms offer notable benefits, they also present challenges for the electrical grid. This paper explores the impact of renewable energy sources, particularly solar power, on the operation of the power system. The growing share of renewable energy, such as solar, has significant implications for the stability of electricity transmission. This research work examines four different scenarios and evaluates various technical parameters related to electrical power quality to assess the effects of integrating solar plants into the power system. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the active power losses and voltage fluctuations in the electrical distribution network following the connection of solar plants through the main distribution grid. Simulations were conducted using the Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software platform. The results suggest that a substantial penetration of solar energy into the grid may lead to increased losses in both active and reactive power.
Chemical Diversity of UK Grown Tea Explored Using Metabolomics and Machine Learning
Authors: Lloyd Amanda J. , Warren-Walker Alina , Finch Jasen , Harper Jo , Bennet Kathryn , Watson Alison , Lyons Laura , Martinez Martin Pilar , Wilson Thomas , Beckmann Manfred , Draper John
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Dartmoor Estate Tea plantation in Devon, UK, is renowned for its unique microclimate and varied soil conditions, which contribute to the distinctive flavours and chemical profiles of tea. The chemical diversity of fresh leaf samples from different were assessed via samples collected from various garden locations within the plantation. Methods: Fresh leaf, which differed by location, cultivar, time of day, and variety, were analysed using Flow Infusion Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (FIE-MS). Results: Random forest classification revealed no significant differences between Georgian N2 cultivar garden locations. However, a significant degree of variability was observed within four tri-clonal variants (Tocklai Variety) with TV9 exhibiting greater similarity to the Georgian N2 cultivar compared to TV8 and TV11, while TV11 was found to be most like TV1. The intraclass variability in leaf composition was similar between the varieties. We explored the metabolic changes over the day in one variant (Camellia assamica Masters), yielding a model with a significant R2 value of 0.617 (p < 0.01, 3000 permutations). Starch and sucrose metabolism was found to be significant where the abundance of these chemical features increased throughout the day and then began to decrease at night.Conclusion: This research highlights the complex interplay of cultivars, geographical location, and temporal factors on the chemical composition of tea. It provides insightful data on the metabolic pathways influencing tea cultivation and production and underscores the importance of these variables in determining the final chemical profile and organoleptic characteristics of tea products.