bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The characteristics of women recommended a laparoscopy for chronic pelvic pain at a tertiary institution
Authors: Mirowska‐Allen Kelly L. , Sewell Megan , Mooney Samantha , Maher Peter , Ianno Damian J. , Grover Sonia R.
Published: June 2018

Background

Clinician and patient factors impact on the management of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) with medical, surgical or combined approaches possible, although none have proven superior.

Aims

To understand the characteristics of women offered laparoscopic pelvic surgery for CPP.

Materials and methods

We performed an observational study of women referred with CPP. They were asked to complete a study questionnaire regarding their symptoms, medical history, quality of life and pain catastrophisation. Examination and ultrasound findings were collected from patient records. Gynaecologists who recommended a laparoscopy completed a survey detailing their reasoning at the time of booking. The outcomes were investigated using a Cox proportional hazards ratio (HR) model.

Results

Of 211 participants, 59 (28%) were booked for laparoscopic surgery during the study timeframe. Factors increasing the rate of laparoscopy included severe dysmenorrhoea (Cox HR = 1.94; P = 0.017), unsuccessful trial of hormonal therapy (Cox HR = 1.81; P = 0.044), prior abdominal surgery (Cox HR = 1.79; P = 0.030), prior pelvic laparoscopy (Cox HR = 2.00; P = 0.007) and past diagnosis of endometriosis (Cox HR = 5.44; P = 0.010). Abnormal vaginal examination (Cox HR = 2.86; P = 0.019) and ultrasound probe tenderness (Cox HR = 2.52; P < 0.001) also increased the likelihood of surgery. Surgical and non‐surgical patients did not differ in family history, quality of life or pain catastrophisation. Of gynaecologists’ questionnaires, 75% were returned. Results indicated they were most influenced by the severity or duration of pain and least by examination or ultrasound findings.

Conclusions

The characteristics of women booked for surgery were in keeping with the features evidence suggests increases the risk of pathology. There were some discrepancies between patient characteristics elicited in the questionnaires and those indicated by gynaecologists to influence their decision.
Self‐efficacy did not predict the outcome of the transition to adult care in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: van den Brink Gertrude , van Gaalen Martha A.C. , Zijlstra Marieke , de Ridder Lissy , van der Woude Christine J. , Escher Johanna C.
Published: June 2018

Aim

It can be difficult for adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to make the transition from paediatric to adult care. We studied the outcomes of this process and defined what constituted a successful transition.

Methods

In 2008, 50 adolescents who attended our IBD transition clinic completed IBD‐yourself, a self‐efficacy questionnaire that we had previously developed and validated. We approached the subjects in 2014, two to six years after they transferred to adult care, and 35 agreed to take part in the current study. The outcome of transition was assessed by our newly developed Transition Yourself Score. In addition, the relationship between self‐efficacy and the outcome of the transition was measured.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 21.8 years, and 69% suffered from Crohn's disease. The transition process was successful in 63% of cases, moderately successful in 31% and failed in 6%. A successful transition was associated with effective use of medication and clinical remission at the time of transfer, but could not be predicted by self‐efficacy. The Transition Yourself Score will be validated in future studies.

Conclusion

Nearly two‐thirds (63%) of the adolescents who attended the IBD transition clinic had a successful transition to adult care.
Asking different questions: A call to action for research to improve the quality of care for every woman, every child
Authors: Kennedy Holly P. , Cheyney Melissa , Dahlen Hannah G. , Downe Soo , Foureur Maralyn J. , Homer Caroline S. E. , Jefford Elaine , McFadden Alison , Michel‐Schuldt Michaela , Sandall Jane , Soltani Hora , Speciale Anna M. , Stevens Jennifer , Vedam Saraswathi , Renfrew Mary J.
Published: June 2018

Despite decades of considerable economic investment in improving the health of families and newborns world‐wide, aspirations for maternal and newborn health have yet to be attained in many regions. The global turn toward recognizing the importance of positive experiences of pregnancy, intrapartum and postnatal care, and care in the first weeks of life, while continuing to work to minimize adverse outcomes, signals a critical change in the maternal and newborn health care conversation and research prioritization. This paper presents “different research questions” drawing on evidence presented in the 2014 Lancet Series on Midwifery and a research prioritization study conducted with the World Health Organization. The results indicated that future research investment in maternal and newborn health should be on “right care,” which is quality care that is tailored to individuals, weighs benefits and harms, is person‐centered, works across the whole continuum of care, advances equity, and is informed by evidence, including cost‐effectiveness. Three inter‐related research themes were identified: examination and implementation of models of care that enhance both well‐being and safety; investigating and optimizing physiological, psychological, and social processes in pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period; and development and validation of outcome measures that capture short and longer term well‐being. New, transformative research approaches should account for the underlying social and political‐economic mechanisms that enhance or constrain the well‐being of women, newborns, families, and societies. Investment in research capacity and capability building across all settings is critical, but especially in those countries that bear the greatest burden of poor outcomes. We believe this call to action for investment in the three research priorities identified in this paper has the potential to achieve these benefits and to realize the ambitions of Sustainable Development Goal Three of good health and well‐being for all.
Utility of recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: A systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta‐analysis
Authors: Muthu Valliappan , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Dhooria Sahajal , Aggarwal Ashutosh N. , Agarwal Ritesh
Published: June 2018

Background

The role of recombinant A. fumigatus (rAsp) antigens in the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) has not been systematically evaluated. Herein, we evaluate the utility of recombinant A. fumigatus (rAsp) antigens in diagnosing ABPA.

Methods

We systematically reviewed the PubMed, EmBase and Scopus databases for studies evaluating rAsp antigens in ABPA. The QUADAS‐2 tool and the GRADE approach were used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of evidence, respectively. The diagnostic performance of IgE or skin test against rAsp f1, f2, f3, f4, f6 and their combination was evaluated separately for ABPA complicating asthma or cystic fibrosis (CF), using an HSROC model. The reference standard for diagnosing ABPA was the composite (clinical, radiological, immunological) criteria.

Results

Our search yielded 26 studies (n = 1694) and 17 studies (n = 1131) for inclusion in the systematic review and meta‐analysis, respectively. In asthmatics, the pooled sensitivity for diagnosing ABPA was best for IgE against a combination of rAsp f1 or f3 (96.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87.6‐99.2). The pooled specificity for diagnosing ABPA was highest (99.2%; 95% CI, 88.2‐99.9) for IgE against a combination of f4 or f6. In CF patients, the pooled sensitivity of rAsp f1 or f3 was 93.3% (95% CI, 55.2‐99.9) while the pooled specificity of rAsp f4 or f6 was 93.9% (95% CI, 68.8‐99.9). The quality of evidence was low as per the GRADE approach.

Conclusions

A combination of IgE against rAsp antigens (f1, f2, f3, f4 and f6) is likely to be helpful in the diagnosis of ABPA.
Sharpening the focus on ophthalmology teaching: perceptions of medical students and junior medical officers
Authors: Zhang Helen H , Hepschke Jenny L , Shulruf Boaz , Francis Ian C , Spencer Sascha KR , Coroneo Minas , Agar Ashish
Published: June 2018

Importance

Worldwide, ophthalmology teaching is being reduced or eliminated from medical school curricula. The current state of ophthalmic teaching in Australia is unknown.

Background

To evaluate the perceptions of junior medical officers (JMOs) and medical students on ophthalmology teaching in Australian medical schools.

Design

Survey‐based cross‐sectional study.

Participants

A total of 838 JMOs and medical students from across Australia.

Methods

Fifty‐six hospitals and 20 medical schools across Australia were contacted. Hardcopy and online surveys were distributed to participants at consenting institutions, evaluating the characteristics of ophthalmology teaching received during medical school and participant confidence in basic ophthalmological clinical skills and knowledge. Factor analysis was performed on confidence scores.

Main outcome measures

Likert scale confidence ratings, teaching methods encountered versus preferred.

Results

Four hundred and thirty‐two (51.6%) surveys were received from JMOs and 406 (48.4%) from medical students. The most common form of teaching received were lectures (71.3% JMOs, 65.5% medical students), while the most preferred type were hospital tutorials (37.7% JMOs, 61.6% medical students). Mean confidence in ophthalmology‐specific skills and knowledge topics were not high for medical students (skills: 2.66/5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.55–2.76; knowledge: 2.88/5, 95% CI = 2.80–2.96) and JMOs (skills: 2.52/5, 95% CI = 2.43–2.60; knowledge: 2.84/5, 95% CI = 2.77–2.91). Many participants voiced the need for more ophthalmology teaching, particularly clinically oriented opportunities.

Conclusions and relevance

JMOs and medical students do not show high levels of confidence in basic ophthalmological clinical skills and knowledge, and report inadequate emphasis on ophthalmology during medical school.
Potentially effective method for fetal gender determination by noninvasive prenatal testing for X‐linked disease
Authors: Noda Yoshiteru , Kato Takema , Kato Asuka , Nishizawa Haruki , Miyazaki Jun , Ito Mayuko , Terasawa Sumire , Sekiya Takao , Fujii Takuma , Kurahashi Hiroki
Published: June 2018

Examination of maternal plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) for noninvasive prenatal testing for fetal trisomy is a highly effective method for pregnant women at high risk. This can be also applied to fetal gender determination in female carriers of severe X‐linked disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis is a relatively simpler and less expensive method of detecting Y chromosome‐specific repeats (Y‐specific PCR; YSP), but is limited by the risk of false‐negative results. To address this, we have developed a combined strategy incorporating YSP and an estimation of the fetal DNA fraction. Multiplex PCR for 30 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci selected by high heterozygosity enables the robust detection of the fetal DNA fraction in cfDNA. The cfDNA sample is first subjected to YSP. When the YSP result is positive, the fetus is male and invasive testing for an X‐linked mutation is then required. When the YSP result is negative, the cfDNA sample is analyzed using multiplex PCR. If fetal DNA is then found in the cfDNA, invasive testing is not then required. If the multiplex PCR analysis of cfDNA is negative for fetal DNA, the fetal gender cannot be determined and invasive testing is still required. Our technique provides a potentially effective procedure that can help to avoid unnecessary invasive prenatal testing in some female carriers of severe X‐linked disease.
Design and intelligent colour regulation of luminescent silk chemically bonded with Eu(III) and Eu(III)/Tb(III)
Authors: Xiao Xingfang , Ren Lipei , Zhang Yawei , Zhang Qian , Zhao Sanping , Liu Ruina , Xu Weilin
Published: June 2018

Design and successful synthesis of a series of novel luminescent silk chemically modified with europium(III) [Eu(III)] and europium(III)/terbium(III) [Eu(III)/Tb(III)] is reported. The modified silk specimens were characterised by infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and evaluated for their colour fastness. The rare earth ions were linked to the silk fibre via chemical bonds with the aid of tetracarboxylic acids used as the bridging ligands. Therefore, the modified silk had excellent luminescent stability and colour fastness to water and sunlight. Based on the blue fluorescence of silk along with the red and green luminescence of Eu(III) and Tb(III), respectively, under ultraviolet irradiation intelligent colour regulation was easily achieved by adjusting either the amount of Eu(III) or the ratio of Eu(III)/Tb(III). The Commission International de l'Eclairage chromaticity co‐ordinates calculated from the emission spectra also confirm the colour changes. Benefiting from the tunable colour and high stability, the modified silk could be an excellent candidate for applications in anti‐counterfeiting and flexible tunable light‐ emitting materials.
When politics meets science: What impact might Brexit have on organ donation and transplantation in the United Kingdom?
Authors: Shapey Iestyn M. , Summers Angela M. , Simkin Iain J. , Augustine Titus , van Dellen David
Published: June 2018

Brexit may lead to major political, societal, and financial changes—this has significant implications for a tax revenue funded healthcare system such as the United Kingdom's (UK) National Health Service. The complex relationship between European Union (EU) legislation and clinical practice of organ donation and transplantation is poorly understood. However, it is unclear what impact Brexit may have on organ donation and transplantation in the UK and EU. This work aims to describe the current legislative interactions affecting organ donation and transplantation regulation and governance within the UK and EU. We consider the potential impact of Brexit on the practical aspects of transplantation such organ‐sharing networks, logistics, and the provision of health care for transplant patients when traveling to the EU from the UK and vice versa, as well as personnel, and research. Successful organ donation and transplantation practices rely on close collaboration and co‐operation across Europe and throughout the United Kingdom. The continuation of such relationships, despite the proposed legislative change, will remain a vital and necessary component for the ongoing success of transplantation programs.
Comparative use of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Small Jason W , Hix‐Small Hollie , Vargas‐Baron Emily , Marks Kevin P
Published: June 2018

Aim

To map the breadth of use of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) across world regions, and examine procedures for ASQ translation, adaptation, psychometric evaluation, and administration.

Method

We conducted a review of all original, peer‐reviewed studies written in English referencing use of the ASQ in LMICs. We used a consensus rating procedure to classify each article into one of four categories: feasibility study, psychometric study, prevalence study, or research study.

Results

We analysed 53 peer‐reviewed articles written in English detailing use of the ASQ in LMICs. We found evidence of ASQ use in 23 LMICs distributed across all world regions. The ASQ was translated into 16 languages. Just over half of the studies reported parent completion of the ASQ (50.9%). We identified eight feasibility studies, 12 psychometric studies, and nine prevalence studies. Study type varied by economy and region.

Interpretation

Findings suggest broad global use of the ASQ in a range of countries and cultural and linguistic contexts. There is need for further validation studies across all cited regions and countries and in countries ready to begin to design systems for providing universal developmental screening services.

What this paper adds

The Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) has been used in at least 23 low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).

The ASQ has been translated into at least 16 languages in LMICs.

Over half the identified studies reported parent completion of the ASQ.
Changes in desert avifauna associated with the functional extinction of a terrestrial top predator
Authors: Rees James D. , Kingsford Richard T. , Letnic Mike
Published: June 2018

We investigated how long‐term suppression of populations of a top predator, the dingoCanis dingo, affected composition of sympatric avifauna in Australian deserts, by surveying bird assemblages across ~80 000 km2of arid dune‐fields on either side of the Dingo Barrier Fence (DBF; a 5614 km‐long fence separating ecosystems in which dingoes are abundant from ecosystems in which dingoes are functionally extinct). Using fourth‐corner modelling, incorporating species’ traits, we identified apparent declines of sedentary birds that nest in low vegetation and small birds that feed primarily on grass seed, and increases in scavenging birds associated with the functional extinction of dingoes. Occupancy differed between sites inside and outside the DBF in 13 bird species. We hypothesise that these differences in bird assemblages across the DBF result, in part, from increases in kangaroosMacropusspp. and red foxesVulpes vulpesin arid landscapes where dingoes have been removed. Our study provides evidence that the functional extinction of a large terrestrial predator has had pervasive ecosystem effects, including shifts in composition of avian assemblages.
Genetic trials improve the transfer of Douglas‐fir distribution models across continents
Authors: Chakraborty Debojyoti , Schueler Silvio , Lexer Manfred J. , Wang Tongli
Published: June 2018

Climate change is likely to result in novel conditions with no analogy to current climate. Therefore, the application of species distribution models (SDMs) based on the correlation between observed species’ occurrence and their environment is questionable and calls for a better understanding of the traits that determine species occurrence. Here, we compared two intraspecific, trait‐based SDMs with occurrence‐based SDMs, all developed from European data, and analyzed their transferability to the native range of Douglas‐fir in North America.

With data from 50 provenance trials of Douglas‐fir in central Europe multivariate universal response functions (URFs) were developed for two functional traits (dominant tree height and basal area) which are good indicators of growth and vitality under given environmental conditions. These trials included 290 North American provenances of Douglas‐fir. The URFs combine genetic effects i.e. the climate of provenance origin and environmental effects, i.e. the climate of planting locations into an integrated model to predict the respective functional trait from climate data. The URFs were applied as SDMs (URF‐SDMs) by converting growth performances into occurrence. For comparison, an ensemble occurrence‐based SDM was developed and block cross validated with the BIOMOD2 modeling platform utilizing the observed occurrence of Douglas‐fir in Europe. The two trait based SDMs and the occurrence‐based SDM, all calibrated with data from Europe, were applied to predict the known distribution of Douglas‐fir in its introduced and native range in Europe and North America.

Both models performed well within their calibration range in Europe, but model transfer to its native range in North America was superior in case of the URF‐SDMs showing similar predictive power as SDMs developed in North America itself. The high transferability of the URF‐SDMs is a testimony of their applicability under novel climatic conditions highlighting the role of intraspecific trait variation for adaptation planning in climate change.
Evaluating the contribution of dispersal to community structure in Neotropical passerine birds
Authors: Crouch Nicholas M. A. , Capurucho João M. G. , Hackett Shannon J. , Bates John M.
Published: June 2018

For two centuries evolutionary biologists have sought to explain elevated biodiversity in the Neotropics. Although different process are known to be important, it is still not uncommon for researchers to emphasize a single mechanism. Recently, arguments have highlighted the importance of dispersal shaping community structure and evolution across the region. We examine this hypothesis by visualizing spatial variation in community structure for the majority of South American passerines (Aves) across the northern half of South America. By sampling over a contiguous area we show how community structure varies widely across Amazonia and surrounding regions. Our results support a combination of processes including: the inability of species to disperse across geographic barriers, Andean uplift, and variation in habitat type. Although dispersal is a factor, our results emphasize a lack of dispersal, driven primarily by features of the landscape, coupled with historical changes in climate to be important drivers of Neotropical diversity.
Performance of ratio‐based, soil‐adjusted and atmospherically corrected multispectral vegetation indices in predicting herbaceous aboveground biomass in a Colophospermum mopane tree–shrub savanna
Authors: Svinurai Walter , Hassen Abubeker , Tesfamariam Eyob , Ramoelo Abel
Published: June 2018

Accurate and near‐real‐time estimation of herbaceous aboveground biomass (AGB) at farm level is crucial for monitoring pasture production and proactive management of stock in semiarid rangelands. Despite its importance, remote sensing has been rarely used by range ecologists and managers in Zimbabwe. This study aimed at assessing the performance of classical multispectral vegetation indices (MVIs) when either singly regressed with measured herbaceous AGB or combined with other visible spectral bands in predicting herbaceous AGB in a Colophospermum mopane savannah. Field herbaceous AGB and corresponding Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager visible spectral data were collected during the 2016–2017 rainy season. Relationships between measured AGB and classical MVIs and extended models of MVIs combined with other visible bands were analysed using bootstrapped simple and stepwise multiple linear regression functions. When MVIs were singly regressed with measured AGB, ratio‐based indices yielded the highest r2 value of 0.64, followed by soil‐adjusted indices (r2 = 0.61), while atmospherically corrected MVIs showed the lowest r2 of 0.58 (p = 0.00). A significant improvement in herbaceous AGB estimation was obtained using a combination of MVIs and other visible bands. Soil‐adjusted MVIs showed the greatest increase (44–46%) in r2, while atmospherically corrected and ratio‐based MVIs poorly improved (<5%). The findings demonstrate that combining MVIs with Landsat 8 optical bands, especially green band, provides the best models for estimating AGB in C. mopane savanna rangelands. These findings emphasize the importance of testing band‐MVI combinations when developing models for estimating herbaceous AGB.
Effects of conventional and microwave pretreatment acetylation on structural and physicochemical properties of wheat starch
Authors: Zhao Kun , Saleh Ahmed S.M. , Li Bei , Wu Hao , liu Yu , Zhang Guoquan , Li Wenhao
Published: June 2018

The changes in structural and physicochemical properties of wheat starch after conventional and microwave pretreatment acetylation process were investigated and compared. The microscopy analysis showed that the microwave pretreatment acetylation significantly influenced the surface and interior structure of starch granules compared with the conventional acetylation. The microwave pretreated and untreated starch granules retained the A‐type crystalline structure with decreased relative crystallinity after acetylation. The microwave pretreated starch showed higher degree of substitution, acetyl content, and gelatinisation and pasting temperatures than those of the untreated starch after acetylation under the same conditions. However, the microwave pretreated starch showed lower gelatinisation enthalpy, light transmittance, and peak viscosity compared with the untreated starch after acetylation. Furthermore, water solubility and swelling power of the microwave pretreated and untreated starch increased after acetylation. Generally, the microwave pretreatment acetylation significantly modified structural and physicochemical properties of wheat starch compared with single acetylation process. Therefore, a combination of microwave pretreatment with acetylation can be suggested for modification of wheat starch to promote its applications in the food and nonfood industries.
Distance Metrics and Clustering Methods for Mixed‐type Data
Authors: Foss Alexander H. , Markatou Marianthi , Ray Bonnie
Published: June 2018

In spite of the abundance of clustering techniques and algorithms, clustering mixed interval (continuous) and categorical (nominal and/or ordinal) scale data remain a challenging problem. In order to identify the most effective approaches for clustering mixed‐type data, we use both theoretical and empirical analyses to present a critical review of the strengths and weaknesses of the methods identified in the literature. Guidelines on approaches to use under different scenarios are provided, along with potential directions for future research.
Experimental evidence of long‐term reproductive costs in a colonial nesting seabird
Authors: McKnight Aly , Blomberg Erik J. , Golet Gregory H. , Irons David B. , Loftin Cynthia S. , McKinney Shawn T.
Published: June 2018

Trade‐offs between current and future reproduction are central to the evolution of life histories. Experiments that manipulate brood size provide an effective approach to investigating future costs of current reproduction. Most manipulative studies to date, however, have addressed only the short‐term effects of brood size manipulation. Our goal was to determine whether survival or breeding costs of reproduction in a long‐lived species manifest beyond the subsequent breeding season. To this end, we investigated long‐term survival and breeding effects of a multi‐year reproductive cost experiment conducted on black‐legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla, a long‐lived colonial nesting seabird. We used multi‐state capture–recapture modeling to assess hypotheses regarding the role of experimentally reduced breeding effort and other factors, including climate phase and colony size and productivity, on future survival and breeding probabilities during the 16‐yr period following the experiment. We found that forced nest failures had a positive effect on breeding probability over time, but had no effect on long‐term survival. This apparent canalization of survival suggests that adult survival is the most important parameter influencing fitness in this long‐lived species, and that adults should pay reproductive costs in ways that do not compromise this critical life history parameter. When declines in adult survival rate are observed, they may indicate populations of conservation concern.
Distinct colonization waves underlie the diversification of the freshwater sculpin (Cottus gobio) in the Central European Alpine region
Authors: Lucek Kay , Keller Irene , Nolte Arne W. , Seehausen Ole
Published: June 2018

Ecological speciation and adaptive radiation are key processes shaping northern temperate freshwater fish diversity. Both often involve parapatric differentiation between stream and lake populations and less often, sympatric intralacustrine diversification into habitat‐ and resource‐associated ecotypes. However, few taxa have been studied, calling for studies of others to investigate the generality of these processes. Here, we test for diversification within catchments in freshwater sculpins in a network of peri‐Alpine lakes and streams. Using 8047 and 13 182 restriction site‐associated (RADseq)SNPs, respectively, we identify three deeply divergent phylogeographic lineages associated with different major European drainages. Within the Aare catchment, we observe populations from geographically distant lakes to be genetically more similar to each other than to populations from nearby streams. This pattern is consistent with two distinct colonization waves, rather than by parapatric ecological speciation after a single colonization wave. We further find two distinct depth distribution modes in three lakes of the Aare catchment, one in very shallow and one in very deep water, and significant genomewide differentiation between these in one lake. Sculpins in the Aare catchment appear to represent an early‐stage adaptive radiation involving the evolution of a lacustrine lineage distinct from parapatric stream sculpins and the repeated onset of depth‐related intralacustrine differentiation.
The mind electric: Challenges to clinical categories from a person‐centred perspective and the possibilities of metaphysics and art for clinician, patient, and treatment
Authors: Pârvan Alexandra
Published: June 2018

The paper proposes that frameworks typical to metaphysics and art could be used in clinical treatment in somatic and psychiatric contexts to ensure improved care. The concept of the “body electric” of somatic patients which I introduced in previous work is developed further and paired with the “mind electric” of psychiatric patients. Both are defined as a patient's personally generated metaphysical possibility of being healthy‐within‐illness which is experientially actualized. Both concepts are used here to explore the alternative and the serious challenges to treatment approaches focused on clinical categories, disease, provision, and promotion of standardized or “black‐box” therapies. An argument against the idea implied by the hope for such mass treatments and corresponding overreliance on science, namely, that health comes from fixing and regularizing, is developed based on cultural history and the evidenced fact that personally assumed health, just like art and metaphysics, is transgressive of scientific data, and accommodates the untrue, the impossible or the irregular as actual and normal. Because normality is created only with the help of disorder and from within it for chronic patients, clinicians should offer them the metaphysical care they need to produce and actualize their possibility of irregular normality or their body/mind electric. Better treatments can only be provided when scientific advances will be matched with advances in the humanistic competence of clinicians.
Cross‐sectional area of lumbar spinal muscles and vertebral endplates: a secondary analysis of 91 computed tomography images of children aged 2–20
Authors: Been Ella , Shefi Sara , Kalichman Leonid , F. Bailey Jeannie , Soudack Michalle
Published: June 2018

Spinal muscle cross‐sectional area has been highly associated with spinal pathology. Despite the medium‐high prevalence of spinal pathology in children, there is very limited knowledge regarding muscle size and growth pattern in individuals younger than 20 years of age. The aim of this study is to analyze the change in size and symmetry of spinal muscles (erector spinae, multifidus, psoas and quadratus lumborum) in children 2–20 years of age. We studied reformatted images from 91 abdominal computed tomographic scans of children aged 2–20 years, from an existing imaging dataset. The cross‐sectional area of the muscles was bilaterally measured parallel to the upper endplate of the lumbar vertebrae L3–L5 and at true horizontal for S1. The cross‐sectional area of the upper vertebral endplate was measured at spinal levels L3–L5. Results were analyzed according to six groups based on children's age: 2–4 years (group 1), 5–7 years (group 2), 8–10 years (group 3), 11–13 years (group 4), 14–16 years (group 5) and 17–20 years (group 6). Vertebral endplate and spinal muscles cross‐sectional area increased with age. Two patterns were observed: Endplate, psoas and quadratus lumborum increased up to our 6th oldest age group (17–20), and multifidus and erector spinae reached their largest size in the 5th age group (14–16). The epaxial muscles (erector spinae and multifidus) reached their maximal cross‐sectional area before skeletal maturity (18–21 years of age). The hypaxial muscles (psoas and quadratus lumborum) continued to increase in size at least until spinal maturity. Contributing factors for the differences in developmental pattern between the epaxial and hypaxial muscles might include functional, embryological and innervation factors. In conclusion, this research is the first to describe the cross‐sectional area of spinal muscles in children. Future longitudinal studies are needed for further understanding of muscle development during childhood and adolescence. Level of evidence: level 2b, Retrospective cohort study.
Orbital shape in intentional skull deformations and adult sagittal craniosynostoses
Authors: Sandy Ronak , Hennocq Quentin , Nysjö Johan , Giran Guillaume , Friess Martin , Khonsari Roman Hossein
Published: June 2018

Intentional cranial deformations are the result of external mechanical forces exerted on the skull vault that modify the morphology of various craniofacial structures such as the skull base, the orbits and the zygoma. In this controlled study, we investigated the 3D shape of the orbital inner mould and the orbital volume in various types of intentional deformations and in adult non‐operated scaphocephaly – the most common type of craniosynostosis – using dedicated morphometric methods. CT scans were performed on 32 adult skulls with intentional deformations, 21 adult skull with scaphocephaly and 17 non‐deformed adult skulls from the collections of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris, France. The intentional deformations group included six skulls with Toulouse deformations, eight skulls with circumferential deformations and 18 skulls with antero‐posterior deformations. Mean shape models were generated based on a semi‐automatic segmentation technique. Orbits were then aligned and compared qualitatively and quantitatively using colour‐coded distance maps and by computing the mean absolute distance, the Hausdorff distance, and the Dice similarity coefficient. Orbital symmetry was assessed after mirroring, superimposition and Dice similarity coefficient computation. We showed that orbital shapes were significantly and symmetrically modified in intentional deformations and scaphocephaly compared with non‐deformed control skulls. Antero‐posterior and circumferential deformations demonstrated a similar and severe orbital deformation pattern resulting in significant smaller orbital volumes. Scaphocephaly and Toulouse deformations had similar deformation patterns but had no effect on orbital volumes. This study showed that intentional deformations and scaphocephaly significantly interact with orbital growth. Our approach was nevertheless not sufficient to identify specific modifications caused by the different types of skull deformations or by scaphocephaly.
Paths Toward Radical Service Innovation in Manufacturing Companies—A Service‐Dominant Logic Perspective
Authors: Chester Goduscheit René , Faullant Rita
Published: June 2018

Research on servitization of manufacturing companies concentrates on typologies of product–service bundles, on transition pathways to increased servitization, and on resource and capabilities configurations necessary to accomplish this transition. Missing from existing research is an analysis of the degree of novelty of service innovations introduced by manufacturing companies. Therefore, this article shifts the focus from the transition process itself to the question of how manufacturing companies can introduce radical service innovations to the market. This article links servitization literature with service innovation literature and investigates how manufacturing companies can introduce radically new services in terms of three forms of innovations: service concept innovations, customer experience innovations, and service process innovations. Service‐dominant logic (SDL) is applied as the theoretical lens because it covers four significant factors influencing the success of companies’ innovation activities: actor value networks, resource liquefaction, resource density, and resource integration. Based on a multiple case study of 24 Danish business‐to‐business manufacturing small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises and through a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, different configurations of the principles of SDL are analyzed. They describe the paths to radical service innovation. Digitalization appears as a central causal condition in the bulk of the configurations. Big and rich data generated internally within the focal company in combination with for instance customer data can enhance the innovativeness of the service offerings. However, digitalization is not a sufficient condition for launching radical service innovation—it should be combined with an efficient mobilization of resources internally within the focal company and/or collaboration with other organizations within the value system. In addition, the analysis hints to a need to detach from immediate customers as the prime driver of service innovation.
Untangling the hyperlinking web: In search of the online right of communication to the public
Authors: Quintais João Pedro
Published: June 2018

This article examines the online right of communication to the public under EU law and its interpretation by the Court of Justice of the EU. The focus of the analysis is on the controversial application of the right to hyperlinking, and its implications for the online activities of users and intermediaries. After outlining the international and EU legal framework on the right of communication to the public, the paper advances a conceptual framework for the interpretation of the exclusive right in the online environment, which is both based on, and attempts to bring coherence to, the Court's complex case law. On this basis, the article then explores and critically assesses the main areas of legal uncertainty for the online application of the right and the normative considerations at stake—especially fundamental rights and the promotion of technological development—offering interpretative and legislative solutions for their resolution. The article argues for abandoning the legislative proposals for a new right for press publishers and the so‐called value gap, as both are fundamentally flawed. Instead, reform should focus on redefining the right of communication to the public and preserving safe harbors, especially for hosting providers.
Lake Victoria fisheries: Outlook and management
Authors: Njiru James , van der Knaap Martin , Kundu Rodrick , Nyamweya Chrisphine
Published: June 2018

The past subsistence of the Lake Victoria fishery was dominated by rich, diverse haplochromine cichlids. This multispecies fishery has undergone a decline over the past four decades, evolving into a commercial fishery consisting mainly of Nile perch (Lates niloticus), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and cyprinid (Rastrineobola argentea species). To better understand Lake Victoria fisheries, studies dating as far back as the 1920s have been carried out to assess the status of the fish stocks. These past studies indicated the lake fisheries were declining because of numerous major challenges, including intense fishing, invasive species, loss of biodiversity, ecological alterations, climate change, inadequate information to inform management and unharmonized policies. Numerous policies and regulations have been developed and implemented over the years to address these issues and manage the fisheries sustainably. Most of the interventions have been sectorial, disjointed and unharmonized and have not reduced the declining fish catch rates. With reestablishment of the East Africa Community (EAC) with several institutions in 1994, the Lake Victoria riparian states initiated an ecosystem approach to manage the Lake Victoria fishery resources in a sustainable manner. This study reviews the development of the Lake Victoria fisheries, outlines major past and present management challenges and provides a set of new strategies to manage the lake's fisheries resources, with emphasis on an ecosystem approach.
Classroom Climate, Cardiac Vagal Tone, and Inhibitory Control: Links to Focused Attention in First Graders
Authors: Scrimin Sara , Osler Gabriele , Moscardino Ughetta , Mason Lucia
Published: June 2018

The present study aimed to investigate the role of classroom climate and self‐regulation in terms of cardiac vagal tone and inhibitory control in primary school students' focused attention. A combination of direct and indirect measures was used to assess classroom climate, sustained and selective attention, and inattention behaviors among 62 first graders. We also registered students' cardiac vagal tone at rest and their levels of inhibitory control in a reaction time task. A single underlying factor combining sustained and selective attention as well as (the lack of) inattention behaviors accounted for students' focused attention. A regression analysis revealed that classroom climate, cardiac vagal tone, and inhibitory control interacted to explain first graders' focused attention. In classrooms with a negative climate, high levels of inhibitory control attenuated the negative effect of low cardiac vagal tone on students' ability to remain focused during classroom activities. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
The decline of the Turtle Dove: Dietary associations with body condition and competition with other columbids analysed using high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Dunn Jenny C. , Stockdale Jennifer E. , Moorhouse‐Gann Rosemary J. , McCubbin Alexandra , Hipperson Helen , Morris Antony J. , Grice Philip V. , Symondson William O. C.
Published: June 2018

Dietary changes linked to the availability of anthropogenic food resources can have complex implications for species and ecosystems, especially when species are in decline. Here, we use recently developed primers targeting the ITS2 region of plants to characterize diet from faecal samples of four UK columbids, with particular focus on the European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), a rapidly declining obligate granivore. We examine dietary overlap between species (potential competition), associations with body condition in turtle doves and spatiotemporal variation in diet. We identified 143 taxonomic units, of which we classified 55% to species, another 34% to genus and the remaining 11% to family. We found significant dietary overlap between all columbid species, with the highest between turtle doves and stock doves (Columba oenas), then between turtle doves and woodpigeons (Columba palumbus). The lowest overlap was between woodpigeons and collared doves (Streptopelia decaocto). We show considerable change in columbid diets compared to previous studies, probably reflecting opportunistic foraging behaviour by columbids within a highly anthropogenically modified landscape, although our data for nonturtle doves should be considered preliminary. Nestling turtle doves in better condition had a higher dietary proportion of taxonomic units from natural arable plant species and a lower proportion of taxonomic units from anthropogenic food resources such as garden bird seed mixes and brassicas. This suggests that breeding ground conservation strategies for turtle doves should include provision of anthropogenic seeds for adults early in the breeding season, coupled with habitat rich in accessible seeds from arable plants once chicks have hatched.
Ruptures and continuities in nationhood narratives: reconstructing the nation through history textbooks in Serbia and Croatia
Authors: Pavasović Trošt Tamara
Published: June 2018

While the (mis) use of history to fuel particular constructions of the nation is well‐documented in the literature, the ways in which nationhood narratives and national ideologies evolve and transform over time are rarely explored. When ruptures – such as state failure or civil war – occur, interpretations of history and nationhood narratives cannot be completely rewritten. Rather, they need to follow up upon previous, established versions, relying on anchoring motives that offer a minimum level of continuity. Relying on a systematic analysis of over forty years of history revisionism in Serbia and Croatia (1974 to 2017), I demonstrate the discursive ways in which nationhood narratives evolved over time and space: from the dismantling of the former common Socialist narrative, replacement with new ethno‐national narratives, the bumpy transformations through the democratic transitions, to the gradual consolidation into the ‘new’ reconstructed nationhood narratives prevailing in the two countries today.
Appraising the quality of mixed methods research in nursing: A qualitative case study of nurse researchers’ views
Authors: Fàbregues Sergi , Paré Marie‐Hélène
Published: June 2018

While a growing number of works have been published about the use of mixed methods research in nursing, scarce attention has been devoted to the issue of the quality of mixed methods within the discipline. The quality appraisal of mixed methods research poses two problems to nursing science: first, current quality criteria are not nursing‐specific and consequently, they might not facilitate the application of mixed methods research findings into nursing practice. Second, criteria were theoretically derived and as such, they might not faithfully account for the decisions that nurse researchers take when appraising mixed methods research studies. This qualitative, within‐case study explored the views of nurse researchers about mixed methods research in general and, more specifically, the question of quality in mixed methods research. An international sample of 13 nurse researchers was interviewed via Skype and phone. Thematic analysis revealed that the participants favored universal, cross‐disciplinary quality criteria, and not criteria specific to the nursing discipline, and a consensual and standardized approach to appraising the quality of mixed methods research. Recommendations are put forward to strengthen the quality appraisal of mixed methods research studies by nurse researchers, as well as future works on this topic within nursing science.
The role of beetles in the pollination of the mangrove palm Nypa fruticans
Authors: Straarup Michael , Hoppe Lars E. , Pooma Rachun , Barfod Anders S.
Published: June 2018

The flowers of the mangrove palm Nypa fruticans attracts a diverse array of potential pollinators. However, little is known about the pollination mechanism and which functional groups are the key pollinators. Inflorescences of nine nipa palms of different flowering stages were observed three times a day between sunrise and sunset in Thailand. The apparent entomofauna activity was recorded and all inflorescences were collected for extraction and identification of the beetle fauna. Beetles extracted from female inflorescences were measured for pollen load. In addition, thermogenesis was recorded over two days on two separate inflorescences. The most frequent visitors were species of nitidulid (genus Epuraea and the subfamily Cillaeinae) and curculionid beetles. Although they only carried small amounts of pollen grains, these groups of beetles were omnipresent. Thermogenesis peaked around 6.30 am with temperature elevations reaching 6° above ambient. The result obtained in this study are compared with those of previous studies conducted elsewhere in Thailand and in the Philippinies. The combined evidence strongly suggests a pivotal role in pollination of beetle visitors to the inflorescences of Nypa fruticans.