bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CB2 receptor agonist JWH133 activates AMPK to inhibit growth of C6 glioma cells
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang Jing , Zhao Tong , Zhang Yi , Li Qian
Published: July 2019

It has been reported that endocannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonist JWH133 inhibits the growth of C6 glioma cells, but the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. We showed that JWH133 inhibited C6 cells growth, reduced cAMP production and inhibited PKA activity through CB2 receptor. Decrease of PKA activity stimulated CaMKKβ, and subsequently elevated phosphorylation of AMPKα at threonine 172 site. The activation of AMPKα induced changes of downstream proteins, including increase of P53 phosphorylation and P21 production, as well as decrease of mTOR phosphorylation, that eventually inhibited C6 cells growth.
Co-downregulation of GRP78 and GRP94 induces apoptosis and inhibits migration in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Lu Tong , Wang Yue , Xu Kang , Zhou Zhijun , Gong Juan , Zhang Yingang , Gong Hua , Dai Qiang , Yang Jun , Xiong Biao , Song Ze , Yang Gang
Published: July 2019

Background

Both glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78) and glucose-regulated protein 94 kDa (GRP94) are important molecular chaperones that play critical roles in maintaining tumor survival and progression. This study investigated the effects in prostate cancer cells following the downregulation of GRP78 and GRP94.

Methods

RNA interference was used to downregulate GRP78 and GRP94 expression in the prostate cancer cell line, PC-3. The effects on apoptosis and cell migration was examined along with expression of these related proteins.

Results

Small interfering RNAs targeting GRP78 and GRP94 successfully down-regulated their expression. This resulted in the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that caspase-9 (cleaved) and Bax expression levels were upregulated while Bcl-2 and vimentin expression levels were downregulated.

Conclusion

Co-downregulation of GRP78 and GRP94 expression induces apoptosis and inhibits migration in prostate cancer cells.
Multicenter performance evaluation of the Abbott Alinity hq hematology analyzer
Authors: Slim Christiaan L. , Wevers Brigitte A. , Demmers Martijn W.H.J. , Lakos Gabriella , Hoffmann Johannes J.M.L. , Adriaansen Henk J. , Kooren Jurgen A. , Storm Huibert
Published: July 2019

Background

Alinity hq (Abbott) is a new high-throughput hematology analyzer that exclusively employs optical principles for detecting and enumerating blood cells. It reports 29 parameters, including a six-part white blood cell (WBC) differential. The aim of this multicenter study was to evaluate the analytical and clinical performance of the Alinity hq.

Methods

Complete blood count (CBC) results and morphological flagging were compared to that of CELL-DYN Sapphire (Abbott) and 2 × 200-cell manual differential results, on 1473 whole-blood samples from a well-defined patient population from three different clinical laboratories in the Netherlands. In addition, within-run and within-laboratory precision, linearity, limit of quantitation, carryover and sample stability were assessed. External quality assessment samples were also evaluated.

Results

Data analysis demonstrated strong concordance of Alinity hq results with those of CELL-DYN Sapphire for all CBC parameters, except for basophil granulocytes. Alinity hq WBC differential showed high level of agreement with manual differential results and exhibited a better agreement with manual basophil results than CELL-DYN Sapphire. The sensitivity of the Alinity hq Blast flag was 57.6%, equal to the 57.6% sensitivity of the CELL-DYN Sapphire’s Blast Alert. When considering samples with ≥5% blasts, the sensitivity of the Alinity hq Blast flag was 70.0%. Analytical performance of Alinity hq was shown to be consistent with state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance characteristics.

Conclusions

Alinity hq CBC measurands demonstrated good overall agreement with results obtained with CELL-DYN Sapphire, as well as manual WBC differential. The analytical and clinical performance characteristics of Alinity hq make it well suited for clinical laboratories.
Carbon isotopes in wood combustion/pyrolysis products: experimental and molecular simulation approaches
Authors: Hercman Helena , Szczerba Marek , Zawidzki Paweł , Trojan Agata
Published: July 2019

A series of laboratory experiments was performed to determine the carbon stable isotopic composition of different combustion/pyrolysis (B/P) products. Variation in the δ13C values of the products was observed, up to 4‰. The differences in the carbon isotopic compositions of the B/P products were dependent on temperature, time and wood type. Comparison of the results for fresh and fossil oak wood suggested that the δ13C differences were the effect of selective decomposition of some wood components during the fossilization process. The temperature dependence of the carbon isotopic composition was linked to variation in the carbon isotopic composition of the main wood components, which each had different levels of thermal stability. Isotopes exchange reactions in between different products can be also considered as possible source of variation of δ13C on temperature. Both these hypotheses were supported by molecular simulations of cellulose and lignin B/P. The results confirm that B/P should be treated as a continuous process, where the results depend on the degree of process development. Natural burning processes are dynamic and burning conditions change rapidly and it is necessary to take care when using combustion products as a paleoenvironmental proxy or as an isotopic characteristic for the identification of source material.
Climate Change Litigation: Global Trends and Critical Issues in the Light of the Urgenda 2018 Decision and the IPCC Special Report “global Warming of 1.5 °C”
Authors: Jacometti Valentina
Published: July 2019

This essay highlights the major global trends and critical issues that emerged so far in climate change litigation, through the analysis of some significant cases in different jurisdictions. Climate cases involve different actors and a wide variety of claims: claims challenging specific projects or activities; lawsuits dealing with damages caused by climate change-related events and seeking compensation and/or injunctions; cases aiming at amending key features of national climate change policy and legislation. Finally, the essay identifies some trends in the very heterogeneous body of arguments that are brought before the courts, including obligations arising from international and human rights law.
Influence of unburned pulverized coal on gasification reaction of coke in blast furnace
Authors: Chai Yi-fan , Luo Guo-ping , An Sheng-li , Peng Jun , Wang Yi-ci
Published: July 2019

In order to explore the influence of unburned pulverized coal on gasification reaction of coke in blast furnace, kinetic rules of gasification reaction between CO2 and coke powder adding pulverized coals with different volatiles were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that weight-loss ratio of samples reacted with CO2 increased after adding pulverized coal, and the weight-loss ratio rose with the increase of coal’s addition. When the content of pulverized coal was up to 50%, the weight-loss ratio of the sample which adding pulverized coal with high volatile was higher under the same temperature. The activation energy about C-CO2 gasification reaction of samples reduced observably after adding pulverized coal. The activation energy of samples had a largest decrease with 83.408 kJ mol−1 at the range of 1223 K~1373 K and it was 28.97 kJ mol−1 at the range of 1373 K~1523 K. The addition of pulverized coal with high volatile can reduce the reaction activation energy of samples more effectively. In the soft melting zone, the gasification reaction model of coke blocks attached the unburned pulverized coal was up to unreacted core model and porous volume-reacted model jointly.
The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio values within the <38, 38–85 and >85 brackets as compared to perinatal outcomes
Authors: Bednarek-Jędrzejek Magdalena , Kwiatkowski Sebastian , Ksel-Hryciów Joanna , Tousty Piotr , Nurek Karolina , Kwiatkowska Ewa , Cymbaluk-Płoska Aneta , Torbé Andrzej
Published: July 2019

Background

Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) are used as markers of preeclampsia. The aim of this paper was to assess the correlations between the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio values within the <38, 38–85 and >85 brackets and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies that require determination of these markers.

Methods

A total of 927 pregnant patients between 18 and 41 weeks’ gestation suspected of or confirmed with any form of placental insufficiency (preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction [IUGR], gestational hypertension, HELLP syndrome, placental abruption) were included in the study. In each of the patients, the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was calculated. Patients were divided into three groups according to the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio brackets of <38, 38–85 and >85.

Results

Significantly worse perinatal outcomes were found in the sFlt-1/PlGF >85 group, primarily with lower cord blood pH, neonatal birth weight and shorter duration of gestation. Statistically significant correlations between the values of these markers and the abovementioned perinatal effects were found.

Conclusion

An sFlt-1/PlGF ratio value of >85 suggests that either preeclampsia or one of the other placental insufficiency forms may occur, which is associated with lower cord blood pH, newborn weight and earlier delivery. Determining the disordered angiogenesis markers and calculating the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency may lead to better diagnosis, therapeutic decisions and better perinatal outcomes.
Acceptable levels of tax risk as a metric of corporate tax responsibility: theory, and a survey of practice
Authors: Quentin Clair
Published: July 2019

Prescribed levels of acceptable tax risk are increasingly used to articulate degrees of corporate tax responsibility, but the theoretical basis for doing so is not well established. This article (i) develops a theory of the relationship between tax risk and tax responsibility and (ii) shows that acceptable levels of tax risk could be used as a meaningful metric for these purposes, provided that the filing positions a n ticipated from proposed planning are reviewed against the prescribed level of acceptable risk without taking into account any mitigation of the risk factors that are introduced by the planning. Further, the article reviews the evolving tax risk policies of 20 large European companies, showing that while some progress is being made towards meaningful discourse, even the companies with the most well-developed policies are still making their claims in such a way as to conflate socially responsible tax behavior with diligence in implementing antisocial tax behavior.
Anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors for control of additive manufacturing machines
Authors: Hampel Benedikt , Tollkühn Marco , Schilling Meinhard
Published: July 2019

Magnetic sensors are employed for dimensional measurements by detection of sensor motion relative to a small magnet. This is widely used everywhere in industrial automation, car industry and in many home appliances. The use of magnetic sensors in machines for additive manufacturing improves control and long term reliability by non contact position measurements. Magnetic sensors with linearized characteristic based on the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect can replace mechanical switches, while specialized AMR angle sensors are preferred for the measurement of rotational motions. Both are easy to use and can be integrated with help of 3D printed holders at low cost. In this work, appropriate sensors are selected, integrated and discussed regarding magnetic disturbance signals apparent in low-cost 3D printers.
Effects of an 8-Week Pre-seasonal Training on the Aerobic Fitness of Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Michaelides Marcos A. , Parpa Koulla M. , Zacharia Anthos I.
Published: July 2019

Michaelides, MA, Parpa, KM, and Zacharia, AI. Effects of an 8-week pre-seasonal training on the aerobic fitness of professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2783–2789, 2021—Pre-season in soccer training develops the physical requisites for competition and usually consists of a high volume of aerobic and anaerobic conditioning training including friendly games. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of pre-season training on the aerobic fitness of professional soccer players. Nineteen professional male soccer players (age = 27.37 ± 3.67 years, height = 179.61 ± 5.17 cm, and body fat percentage = 11.3 ± 3.19%) participated in this study performed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill before and after the 8 weeks of pre-season preparation. The results were analyzed using paired t tests, revealing significant differences on several indices. The subjects improved significantly on maximal aerobic capacity (V̇o
2max) and lasted significantly longer on the treadmill (p < 0.05). The V̇o
2 at ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) increased significantly (p < 0.05). The running velocity at ventilatory thresholds (vVT and vRCP) and at V̇o
2 max (vVo
2max) also increased significantly (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study, as expected, demonstrated that the proposed 8 weeks of pre-season training program was sufficient to cause significant improvements on the aerobic performance indices of professional soccer players. The study confirms the beneficial changes in the process of adaptations that occur with this type of training and can assist coaches and trainers in planning a successful pre-season training program.
Influence of a Functional Core Stability Program on Trunk and Knee Joint Biomechanics in Female Athletes During Lateral Movements
Authors: Mornieux Guillaume , Weltin Elmar , Friedman Craig , Pauls Monika , Forsythe Shad , Gollhofer Albert
Published: July 2019

Mornieux, G, Weltin, E, Friedman, C, Pauls, M, Forsythe, S, and Gollhofer, A. Influence of a functional core stability program on trunk and knee joint biomechanics in female athletes during lateral movements. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2713–2719, 2021—Trunk positioning has been shown to be associated with knee joint loading during athletic tasks, especially changes of direction. Quasistatic and conventional core stability (CS) training did not improve the biomechanics of cutting maneuvers according to reports in the literature. The purpose of this study was to test whether a 5-week dynamic and functional CS training program would improve trunk positioning and knee joint control during lateral movements. Nineteen female athletes participated in a longitudinal study, where lateral reactive jumps (LRJs) and unanticipated cuttings were performed before and after CS training (15 training sessions within 5 weeks) while 3D kinematics and kinetics were measured. In addition, core endurance and power were evaluated. Core stability training increased trunk rotation in the new movement direction (p = 0.02) during LRJ. However, lateral trunk lean was significantly increased during LRJ (from 5.6 to 7°) and cuttings (from 3.8 to 5.8°) after CS training. Knee joint abduction moment was not influenced. Finally, core endurance (p < 0.01) and core power (p < 0.001) were significantly improved after CS training. A 5-week dynamic and functional CS training program improved core muscle endurance and power. This might explain the better trunk rotation toward the new movement direction during LRJ; however, it was not effective during unanticipated cuttings. The practical application of this research will allow strength and conditioning professionals to setup training programs with simple and relevant exercises to increase the core endurance and power of trained individuals.
Predicting Soldier Task Performance From Physical Fitness Tests: Reliability and Construct Validity of a Soldier Task Test Battery
Authors: Spiering Barry A. , Walker Leila A. , Larcom Kathleen , Frykman Peter N. , Allison Stephen C. , Sharp Marilyn A.
Published: July 2019

Spiering, BA, Walker, LA, Larcom, K, Frykman, PN, Allison, SC, and Sharp, MA. Predicting soldier task performance from physical fitness tests: reliability and construct validity of a soldier task test battery. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2749–2755, 2021—The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and construct validity of a battery of tests designed to assess soldier task performance. In the first part of the study (designed to assess test-retest reliability), 33 enlisted soldiers (31 men, 2 women; 23 ± 3 years; 1.75 ± 0.08 m; and 81.4 ± 12.8 kg) completed a 4-event “soldier task test battery” (STTB) on 4 occasions, each separated by at least 1 week. The STTB consisted of the following tests, in order: (a) 30-m grenade throw for accuracy; (b) running long jump while wearing a 20.5-kg load; (c) 1 repetition maximum box lift; and (d) 3.2-km load carriage time trial while wearing a 33-kg load. In the second part of the study (designed to assess construct validity), 41 male soldiers (22 ± 3 years; 1.75 ± 0.08 m; and 81.4 ± 12.9 kg) completed the STTB and a series of physical fitness tests. The physical fitness tests included measurements of body composition, muscular strength, muscular power, muscular endurance, and cardiovascular endurance. Overall performance on the STTB (reflected by the sum of z-scores across individual tests) demonstrated an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.95 and was correlated to lean mass, V˙o
2peak, and measures of muscular strength and power. Lean body mass and standing long jump predicted performance on the STTB (R
2 = 0.41). In conclusion, this STTB can reliably assess performance of soldiering tasks. The relationships between the STTB and physical fitness tests can be used to develop training programs to prepare soldiers to perform physically demanding tasks.
Activity Profile of International Female Lacrosse Players
Authors: Hauer Richard , Tessitore Antonio , Hauer Klaus , Tschan Harald
Published: July 2019

Hauer, R, Tessitore, A, Hauer, K, and Tschan, H. Activity profile of international female lacrosse players. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3207–3212, 2021—This study was designed to investigate the activity profile in international women's lacrosse match-play. Data were collected of 10 female Austrian lacrosse national team players (29.1 ± 6.1 years; 64.2 ± 5.0 kg; and 165.3 ± 4.1 cm) during 4 games of an international tournament using global positioning system and heart rate monitor devices. The mean average heart rate was 75.3 ± 5.0% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) with 23 ± 6.1% of total playing time spent in HRzone 4 (80–90% of HRmax). The mean distance covered during match-play was 3,791.6 ± 554.5 m, of which 38 ± 6.5% were performed in speed zone 1 (<7.0 km·h−1). Ten ±4 sprints per game were conducted with 55 ± 3.8% of accelerations and 59 ± 3.1% of decelerations in zone 1, respectively. Defenders showed greater total distance covered compared with other positions (attack: p = 0.035; d = 0.87; confidence interval [CI] = 0.18–1.56 and midfield: p = 0.006; d = 1.66; CI = 0.93–2.40). Midfielders covered less distance in speed zone 1 (p = 0.032; d = 1.91; CI = 0.53–3.28) compared with attackers, and lower numbers of accelerations (p = 0.042; d = 0.96; CI = 0.20–1.72) and decelerations (p = 0.021; d = 1.79; CI = 0.61–2.97) in zone 3 compared with defenders. Furthermore, attackers showed less distance covered in speed zone 1 (p = 0.09; d = 1.62; CI = 0.86–2.38) compared with defenders. The provided activity data could help coaches and practitioners in designing competition-specific programs for athletes. In addition, positional differences should be taken into account for tactical and physiological aspects.
The Association of Upper-Body Kinematics and Earned Run Average of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Softball Pitchers
Authors: Friesen Kenzie B. , Barfield Jeff W. , Murrah William M. , Dugas Jeff R. , Andrews James R. , Oliver Gretchen D.
Published: July 2019

Friesen, KB, Barfield, JW, Murrah, WM, Dugas, JR, Andrews, JR, and Oliver, GD. The association of upper-body kinematics and earned run average of national collegiate athletic association Division I softball pitchers. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3145–3150, 2021—Although recent literature has increased examination of the association of injury and biomechanics, there remains a lack of evidence supporting optimal windmill pitch mechanics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate trunk and pitching arm kinematics and their association with performance outcome: earned run average (ERA), in collegiate softball pitchers. Twenty-three NCAA Division I collegiate softball pitchers (20.14 ± 1.07 years; 173.93 ± 6.68 cm; and 85.79 ± 11.06 kg) performed 3 maximal effort rise ball pitches to a catcher located at a distance of 43 ft. (13.11 m). Kinematic data of the trunk and pitching arm were collected using an electromagnetic tracking system. A multiple regression analysis was performed at each pitch event: top of backswing, foot contact, ball release, and follow-through. The multiple regression at foot contact showed an overall statistically significant regression equation (F
6, 16 = 3.7, p = 0.017) and explained approximately 42% of the variance in ERA (R = 0.579, Adj. R
2 = 0.421). Results revealed that those pitchers who had greater trunk (SE = 0.018, t = −2.5, p = 0.023) and elbow flexion (SE = 0.006, t = −4.2, p = 0.001) at the event of foot contact had lower ERAs. This study supported previous research on the importance of trunk and elbow angle at front foot contact on rise ball pitch performance. These key technique points and the importance of elbow flexors should be explored in future research and potentially visually attended to by coaches and strength professionals.
Classificação de risco em pediatria realizada por enfermeiros com enfoque nas condições clínicas
Authors: Veras Joelna Eline Gomes Lacerda de Freitas , Teixeira Olinda Costa Mota , Joventino Emanuella Silva , Lima Francisca Elisângela Teixeira , Aguiar Maria Isis Freire de , Barbosa Lorena Pinheiro
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: verificar associação entre a classificação de risco realizada por enfermeiros e as condições clínicas apresentadas por crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado com 397 crianças/adolescentes na emergência de hospital público de nível secundário. Utilizaram-se, na coleta de dados, de formulário, contendo dados sociodemográficos e clínicos; e do Guia de Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco em Pediatria validado. Resultados: não houve associação significativa entre características sociodemográficas das crianças e classificação de risco. Predominaram crianças do sexo feminino, idade entre um e cinco anos e peso adequado para faixa etária. Houve associação significativa (p<0,005) entre classificações de risco adotadas, discriminadores de risco (p=0,001), procedimentos realizados (p<0,001) e destino do paciente (p=0,013). Conclusão: a associação entre classificação de risco adotada e variáveis clínicas pediátricas confirma o grau de complexidade apresentado por crianças/adolescentes, favorecendo avaliação clínica assertiva por enfermeiros no acolhimento.
The molecular genetic make-up of male breast cancer
Authors: Moelans Cathy B , de Ligt Joep , van der Groep Petra , Prins Pjotr , Besselink Nicolle J M , Hoogstraat Marlous , ter Hoeve Natalie D , Lacle Miangela M , Kornegoor Robert , van der Pol Carmen C , de Leng Wendy W J , Barbé Ellis , van der Vegt Bert , Martens John , Bult Peter , Smit Vincent T H B M , Koudijs Marco J , Nijman Isaac J , Voest Emile E , Selenica Pier , Weigelt Britta , Reis-Filho Jorge S , van der Wall Elsken , Cuppen Edwin , van Diest Paul J
Published: July 2019

Male breast cancer (MBC) is extremely rare and accounts for less than 1% of all breast malignancies. Therefore, clinical management of MBC is currently guided by research on the disease in females. In this study, DNA obtained from 45 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) MBCs with and 90 MBCs (52 FFPE and 38 fresh-frozen) without matched normal tissues was subjected to massively parallel sequencing targeting all exons of 1943 cancer-related genes. The landscape of mutations and copy number alterations was compared to that of publicly available estrogen receptor (ER)-positive female breast cancers (smFBCs) and correlated to prognosis. From the 135 MBCs, 90% showed ductal histology, 96% were ER-positive, 66% were progesterone receptor (PR)-positive, and 2% HER2-positive, resulting in 50, 46 and 4% luminal A-like, luminal B-like and basal-like cases, respectively. Five patients had Klinefelter syndrome (4%) and 11% of patients harbored pathogenic BRCA2 germline mutations. The genomic landscape of MBC to some extent recapitulated that of smFBC, with recurrent PIK3CA (36%) and GATA3 (15%) somatic mutations, and with 40% of the most frequently amplified genes overlapping between both sexes. TP53 (3%) somatic mutations were significantly less frequent in MBC compared to smFBC, whereas somatic mutations in genes regulating chromatin function and homologous recombination deficiency-related signatures were more prevalent. MDM2 amplifications were frequent (13%), correlated with protein overexpression (P = 0.001) and predicted poor outcome (P = 0.007). In conclusion, despite similarities in the genomic landscape between MBC and smFBC, MBC is a molecularly unique and heterogeneous disease requiring its own clinical trials and treatment guidelines.
Satisfacción del familiar del paciente en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, 2018
Authors: Canchero-Ramirez Andrea , Matzumura-Kasano Juan P. , Gutiérrez-Crespo Hugo
Published: July 2019

Introducción. La unidad de cuidados intensivos es un área destinada al cuidado y tratamiento para salvar y preservar la vida. Objetivo. Determinar la satisfacción del familiar del paciente en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Métodos. Estudio de diseño no experimental de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Se utilizó el instrumento The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form diseñado por Marshall GN. y Hayds RD. Resultados. Se entrevistaron 127 familiares; 54% de los pacientes correspondieron al género masculino, 87,4% tenían Seguro Integral de Salud y 92,1% ingresó por primera vez a la unidad. El equipamiento para la atención obtuvo puntuación favorable, la atención personalizada fue desfavorable. La dimensión forma interpersonal obtuvo 60,5% de satisfacción y la dimensión satisfacción general 79,9% de satisfacción. Conclusiones. Todas las dimensiones superaron el 60% de satisfacción y la puntuación total correspondió a 70,5% de satisfacción.
Sistema Experto Probabilístico basado en Redes Bayesianas para la predicción del cáncer de cuello uterino
Authors: Paulino Flores Luis A. , Huayna Dueñas Ana M.
Published: July 2019

Cervical cancer is currently the fourth most frequent type of cancer in women. A large number of techniques from the Artificial Intelligence (AI) such as Neuronal Networks, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Decision Trees and others; have been used to deal with the problem of predicting this disease. The following paper shows the cervical cancer risk prediction, by implementing a probabilistic model based on Bayesian Networks and using 322 instances where we could retrieve 15 different features that are known information from each patient. The tests were made using the 40% of the whole dataset, confusion matrix and AUC indicator. The results show that this work has raised a 96% of success rate as well as 0.9864 in terms of the AUC indicator, in addition to this, the results suggest that Bayesian Networks are able to reach a high performance and provide transparency during the inference process at the same time, something that does not happen in many other techniques, and that they are really efficient to face this sort of prediction problems.
Passive Construction of Transitive Verbs in Pulau Rengas Language
Authors: Rahmi Awliya
Published: July 2019

This study focuses on examining the passive construction in Pulau Rengas language. The data of this study is the passive construction in sentences uttered by Pulau Rengas natives. The data were collected by doing deep interview and recording techniques. The data were then analyzed by applying the syntax theories focusing on   Maggie and Tallerman’s.  The result of this research shows that passive construction in this language is related to the phonological characteristic of the language itself. Pulau Rengas language is a diphthongal language. This characteristic affects the process of passive construction in this language. While most of language marks the passive verbs morphologically, Pulau Rengas language marks the passive verbs by omitting the prefix of the active verbs. In certain verbs, the passive forms are also marked phonologically depending on the first sound of the verb.
Fenomena Sosial dan Kebutuhan Arabisasi
Authors: Asqi Nurul , Hailiyati Nia , Ta'abudi Drei Herba
Published: July 2019

Tulisan ini ingin menguraikan bagaimana fenomena sosialmempengaruhi perkembangan bahasa Arab terutama denganmenculnya fenomena arabisasi. Kehidupan modern, yang ditandaidengan kemajuan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan, membuat interaksiantarbahasa menjadi satu keniscayaan. Kondisi ini memungkinkanadanya asimilasi atau akulturasi bahasa dengan interkasi tersebut.Ta’rib dan dakhil menjadi strategi bahasa untuk memenuhi kebutuhanpemakainnya. Kedua fenomena ini merupakan respon bahasa Arabtidak hanya untuk meresistensi eksitensi bahasanya, juga membukakemungkinan kreatif membuka ragam bahasa dengan produktif.Adapun tulisan menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatansosiolingusistik. Metode deskriptif digunakan untuk mendeskripsikanfenomena kebahasan tersebut sementara dengan pendekatan sosiolinguistikmemungkinkan memeriksa fenomena tersebut dari aspeksosialnya. sementara tulisan ini menghasilkan bahwa ada kaitan antarakondisi sosial dan perkembangan bahasa yang direspon denganadanya Ta’rib dan dakhil. Sebagai gambaran tersebut, keduafenomena ini dapat ditemukan dalam empat ranah di antaranyateknologi, ekonomi, politik serta sains.
Tadhad: Fenomena Sosio-Kultural dalam Bahasa Arab
Authors: Apriwanto Apriwanto
Published: July 2019

This paper discusses the phenomenon of tadhad in Arabic. Tadhad is a lingual phenomenon that is unique in Arabic and has not been found in other languages. It is a word that has two conflicting meanings. In the dialectic of thought, scholars differed on the existence of tadhad in Arabic. Some of them agree and others deny it. Both parties expressed their arguments with the various arguments they used. Among the factors of the emergence of  Al-Tadhad are as follows: (1) The origin of a sentence is used in the opposite general meaning; (2) Tadhad arises because of the social factors found in the Arabs. Among these factors are tafaa'ul (wishing good) and tahakkum (mocking); (3) Harmony between two words in one shighat sharfiyah (a form of changing words); (4) Differences in the ranks of the Arab tribes in using a sentence (5) Language development. Examples of the application of tadhad in Arabic can be found in various verses in the Qur'an.
The Intervention of Using Reciprocal Teaching Technique and Learning Styles on Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Egiyantinah Siti Habibah , Alek Alek , Fahriany Fahriany , Wekke Ismail Suardi
Published: July 2019

Reading is one of language skills that should be acquired by the students who learn English course in junior high school level. In learning a foreign language, students face many problems, especially in comprehending reading text. In reading process, the students have to understand the meaning of the text through their learning styles and combining their background knowledge, experiences, and situation with the information which is stated on the text. This article was to investigate the empirical evidence on the effect of Reciprocal Teaching Technique (RTT) Technique and learning styles on Students’ Reading Comprehension. The research was quantitative method and applied quasi-experimental design.  Sample of the research were chosen though simple random sampling technique. Data collecting technique of this research were pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed by two-ways ANOVA. The findings of the recent study are: (1) there was an effect between teaching method and students’ learning styles on students’ reading comprehension, and (2) there were differences effect of students’ reading comprehension between students who own visual learning style in RTT group and those who own auditory learning style in class. It can be summed up that teaching through applying RRT technique which being supported by learning styles (visual and auditory) are to develop the students’ reading comprehension.
The Effect of Zikir Relaxation in Counseling to Reduce Internet Addiction
Authors: Irman Irman , Saari Che Zarrina , Silvianetri Silvianetri , Rajab Khairunnas , Zalnur Muhammad
Published: July 2019

The high number of internet addiction experienced by students has been increasing for last decades. The addiction can potentially damage the brain's nerve cells, which in turn affect students' cognitive, emotion and behavior. Thus, an effective treatment is urgently needed. One of the alternatives is by employing the zikir relaxation in counseling. This study aims find the effect of zikir relaxation in counseling as the attempt to reduce the anxiety due to the internet addiction of high school students. The research method used experiment method specifically, the pretest and posttest control group design. There were 10 students taken through the random sampling. Data analysis used independent t test. The results of the study found that: (1) there was a difference level of anxiety reduction due to internet addiction for the students who received the treatment compared those who did not get, and (2) there was a significant influence between remembrance relaxations in counseling on student anxiety reduction in internet addiction. This implies that zikir relaxation is effective to use by counselors in schools to handle internet addiction
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF TIPE CARD SORT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA POKOK BAHASAN HUKUM BACAAN NUN SUKUN DAN TANWIN
Authors: Salamah Syifa
Published: July 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjawab permasalahan yang diajukan pada perumusan masalah, yaitu (1) hasil belajar siswa sebelum menggunakan metode pembelajaran aktif tipe card sort, (2) proses penerapan metode card sort, (3) dan hasil belajar siswa setelah menggunakan metode pembelajaranaktif tipe card sort pada pokok bahasan hukum bacaan nun sukun dan tanwin. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Objek penelitian adalah proses pembelajaran pokok bahasan hukum bacaan nun sukun dan tanwin pada kelas VII semester II SMP Terpadu Al-Fatih Cikalongwetan. Dan daripenelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIA yang terdiri dari 20 siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Penelitian diawali dengan pretest, proses penerapan dan posstest. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa tes, wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian dari kegiatan pretest yang dilakukan sebelum penerapan metode pembelajaran aktif tipe card sort diperoleh rata-rata hasil belajar siswa 58,8%. Pada proses penerapan metode pembelajaran aktif tipe card sort dapat diterapkan dengan baik dandiperoleh hasil rata-rata belajar siswa pada siklus I 80%. Kemudian berlanjut pada siklus II dan diperoleh rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 94%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa proses pembelajaran dari siklus I sampai siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 14%. Dengan demikian penerapan metode pembelajaran aktif tipe card sort dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pokok bahasan hukum bacaan nun sukun dan tanwin di kelas VII semester II SMP Terpadu Al-Fatih Cikalongwetan.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PAI DI SMP NEGERI 2 DAN SMP NEGERI 5 KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Sulastri Sulastri
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan pembelajaran saintifik pada RPP berdasarkan kurikulum 2013 dan implementasi pelaksanaan langkah-langkah pendekatan saintifik dalam pembelajaran PAI. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara,dan studi dokumentasi. Adapun teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik menurut pendapat Miles and Hubermen, yaitu reduksi data, display data, dan verifikasi/kesimpulan. Data yang diperoleh dari lapangan menunjukan bahwa RPP yang telah dibuat sudah sesuai berdasarkan sistematika kurikulum 2013. Data hasil observasi juga menunjukan bahwa guru PAI telah melaksanakan langkah-langkah saintifik dengan baik. Mereka menggunakan media untuk proses mengamati, menggunakan teknik motivasi dan rewarduntuk menstimulasi siswa agar aktif bertanya dan berkomunikasi, serta guru menggunakan teknik presentasi dan konsep student center saat pembelajaran agar siswa aktif berbicara dan mengemukakan pendapat, sehingga diakhir pembelajaran siswa dapat menyimpulkan sendiri pembelajaran pada pertemuan itu. Guru juga terus membimbing dan melakukan penilaian terhadap siswa selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung
Changing from a traditional approach to learning: Teachers’ perceptions of introducing WebQuests into mathematics and science classrooms in Qatar
Authors: Murphy Carol , Abu-Tineh Abdullah , Calder Nigel , Mansour Nasser
Published: July 2019

Several studies have identified stress factors that teachers might experience in changing from a traditional approach to a more student-centred IBL approach. In this study, we report on teachers’ perceptions following PD that introduced WebQuests as a didactic tool alongside ongoing classroom support into Qatari mathematics and science classrooms with students grades 4 to 8. The findings suggested that the use of WebQuests as a didactic tool provided a structure for many of the teachers that supported a change in teaching towards a student-oriented approach. Nevertheless, some stress factors remained, in relation to control of learning, managing time and classroom behaviour, and the integration of IT.
An 'open letter to teachers'
Authors: Kelly-Ware Janette
Published: July 2019

Teaching is a highly complex and political endeavour, and as teachers, we need to be courageous as we support children to make sense of the increasingly complex and diverse societies that we live in. My doctoral research highlighted a number of issues related to teachers and curriculum. Te Whāriki, the Aotearoa New Zealand early childhood curriculum is the framework for critical socially relevant curriculum, and this letter speaks to teachers whose daily work involves recognising and responding to children’s ‘working theories’ about the social world. I argue that as teachers we need to be reflective and reflexive, and think critically about curriculum planning to go beyond children’s surface interests and focus on deeper issues like fairness, justice, anti-racism and our shared humanity – issues of concern to society as a whole. As teachers, we also need to involve families in the conversations that they are part of, and privy to, so together we can create a fairer, more just society for all who call Aotearoa New Zealand home.
Introduction to papers in this issue
Authors: Earl Rinehart Kerry , Mills Judith
Published: July 2019

Nil.
Oncological Morbidity of Children in the Arkhangelsk Region and the Nenets Autonomous District: An Ecological Study
Authors: Turabov Ivan A. , Kudryavtsev Alexander V. , Rykov Maxim Yu. , Karpunov Anton A. , Ulanova Anna S.
Published: July 2019

Background. The study of oncological morbidity in children, as well as the characteristics of its structure and the analysis of temporal trends within the subject of the Russian Federation is aimed at improving the organization of medical care: increasing early diagnosis, reliability of static data, and optimizing patient routing. Objective. Our aim was to analyze the incidence and its structure in children (0–17 years old) who lived in the Arkhangelsk Region and the Nenets Autonomous District in 2007–2016. Methods. The analysis of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the child population in the Arkhangelsk region and the Nenets Autonomous District was carried out. Results. During the study period, the diagnosis of cancer was first established in 329 (including 6 patients from other subjects of the Russian Federation children (boys — 177, girls — 146) at the age of 0–17 years, of which 260 children at the age of 0–14 years and 63 — at the age of 15–17 years. The average annual incidence of children over 10 years was 14.3: for the age group 0–14 years old — 13.8, for the age group 15–17 years old — 16.6. During the analyzed period, there were significant fluctuations in annual incidence rates (minimum — 9.8 in 2010; maximum — 16.8 in 2009). The average annual incidence in the age group 15–17 years (16.6) was 18% higher than in the age group 0–14 years (14). The morbidity structure was characterized by some predominance of solid tumors (51.7%) over hemoblastosis (48.3%), and in the group of 0–14 years this ratio was 54.6/45.4%, in the group of 15–17 years — 50, 9/49.1%. Conclusion. In the analyzed subjects in recent years there has been practically no increase in the incidence in children. The incidence in the age group 15–17 years is slightly higher than in the age group 0–14 years. Changes in the morbidity structure are noted, mainly due to a decrease in the proportion of lymphomas.
Relevance of Bone Scintigraphy in the Diagnostic Algorithm for Examining Treatment-Naive Pediatric Patients with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Krylov Alexander S. , Kaspshik Stepan M. , Ryzhkov Aleksey D. , Vlasov Dmitriy E. , Krylova Marina A. , Stanyakina Elena E. , Shiryaev Sergey V.
Published: July 2019

Background. Histiocytosis is a heterogeneous group of rare diseases of unknown etiology. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of histiocytes (activated dendric cells and macrophages). LCH is the most common form of histiocytosis, it is a potentially fatal diseases. Early detection of LCH plays an important role in its prognosis and outcome. However, the role of advanced methods of nuclear medicine in diagnosis of LCH is still to be researched. We have long-term experience in observing pediatric patients with LCH. Taking into the account the difficulty of diagnostic task for bone scintigraphy in identifying lytic bone destruction, we stated the following objective of the study. Objective. Our aim was to perform retrospective analysis of bone scintigraphy examinations of treatment-naive pediatric patients with LCH and calculate the diagnostic efficacy of bone scintigraphy. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 55 examinations of treatment-naive pediatric patients (the median age was 5.9 years) with proven case of LCH (2014–2018). Results. During examination we visualized 82 lesions with pathological level of accumulation of radiopharmaceutical in 55 patients. 78 with high level of accumulation (>120%); 3 with slightly increased level of accumulation (100–120%) and 1 with lower than normal level of accumulation (<100%). The median level of accumulation of radiopharmaceutical was 276%: max. level of accumulation was 1422% (patient with subtotal involvement of femoral bone), min. — 60% (patient with lytic destruction in orbital bone). During X-Ray we found out 91 pathological focuses of bone lytic destruction. In 3 patients with polyostotic form we found extra focuses on scintigraphy, which were confirmed with following examination and X-Ray. 8 lesions were not found on scintigraphy in 8 patients. Сonclusion. Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP in treatment-naïve pediatric patients with proven case of LCH showed sensitivity — 91.0%, specificity — 50.0%, NPV — 11.1%, and PPV — 98.8%.
Swell and compressibility of fly ash−clay blends in lumps and powders: effect of 4% lime
Authors: Phanikumar B. R. , Nagaraju T. V. , Mounika K. N.
Published: July 2019

This paper describes the influence of fly ash on the swell-compressibility characteristics of an expansive clay passing through a 4·75 mm sieve. The free-swell index (FSI), heave, swell potential, swelling pressure, coefficient of compressibility (av), the compression index (Cc) and linear shrinkage (LS) of fly ash–clay blends were studied. Fly ash content was varied from 0, 5, 10, 15 to 20%. Swelling and compressibility of the clay decreased with increasing fly ash content. Heave was the lowest at 15% fly ash. The paper compares the effect of 15% fly ash on the swell-compressibility behaviour of clay lumps passing a 4·75 mm sieve and clay powder passing a 425 μm sieve. While the swell potential was found to be higher for clay powder than for clay lumps at 15% fly ash, the swelling pressure was higher for clay lumps. As 4% lime resulted in the highest reduction of the FSI, a series of swell-consolidation tests and a series of FSI tests were conducted on fly ash–clay blends to which 4% lime was added. FSI, heave and swelling pressure decreased on the addition of fly ash. They further decreased when 4% lime was added. The parameters av, Ccand LS also reflected a similar trend.
Influence of shear span ratio on the seismic performance of L-shaped RC walls
Authors: Ma Jiaxing , Kang Shao-Bo , Li Bing
Published: July 2019

Owing to their capability of meeting both structural and architectural demands, L-shaped reinforced-concrete (RC) walls are widely employed in low-rise and high-rise buildings. In spite of their popularity, the experimental data on the seismic performance of these walls is relatively sparse, especially with respect to their behaviour under lateral loads that are not parallel to the wall segments. In order to obtain improved understanding of such walls, quasi-static cyclic tests on six slender L-shaped RC walls were conducted under displacement control in Nanyang Technological University (Singapore). Through comparison with four squat L-shaped RC walls described in the literature, the influence of shear span ratio was highlighted in terms of cracking patterns, failure mechanisms, hysteretic responses, deformation components and strain profiles. Moreover, shear lag effect and effective stiffness were analysed using non-linear section analyses and methods available in the literature. The results showed the shear span ratio had a significant impact on the seismic performance of L-shaped RC walls, and should be addressed discretely in the design.
Pediatristler için tanı ya da tedavisi zor deri lezyonları
Authors: OĞRUM Atiye
Published: July 2019

Amaç:
Çocukluk
çağındaki deri lezyonları, deri hastalığı nedenli veya diğer hastalıklara bağlı
olabilir. Lezyonların tanısı, erken ve etkin tedavisi için önemlidir. Bu
çalışmanın amacı dermatoloji kliniğine tanı ya da tedavi amacıyla danışılan
çocuk hastalardaki deri lezyonlarının değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç
ve Yöntem: Ocak 2014-Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında
çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları kliniğinden dermatoloji kliniğine yapılan
konsültasyonlara ait hasta verileri retrospektif olarak tarandı. Verilerde
eksiklik bulunmayan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bulgular:
Değerlendirmeye
alınan 500 hastanın 226’sı (%45,2) kız, 274’ü (%54,8) erkekti. Hastaların yaş
aralığı bir gün ile 17 yıl arasında değişmekte olup, yaş ortalaması 5,14±4,7
yıl idi. Hastaların 425’i (%85) ayaktan başvuran poliklinik hastası, 75’i (%15)
yatan hastaydı. Yüz otuz hastada (%26), klinikler arası tanı uyumu gözlenirken,
73 hastada (%14,6) kliniklerin tanıları farklıydı. Hastaların 297’sinin (%59,4)
konsültasyon istem notunda tanı/öntanı yoktu. En sık danışılan hastalıklar
sıklık sırasına göre, ekzemalar, enfeksiyonlar, böcek ısırığı reaksiyonları,
kserosis kutis (deri kuruluğu) ve tırnak hastalıklarıydı.

Sonuç:
Jeneralize
döküntü ile seyreden hastalıklar ve ekzemaların ayırıcı tanısı ve tedavisine
yönelik bilgi düzeyi artırılmalıdır. Böcek ısırıkları hem lokalize hem de
jeneralize döküntülerin ayırıcı tanısında düşünülmelidir.