bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Еволюція міжнародного економічного порядку: етапи становлення та розвитку
Authors: Khomanets Volodymyr
Published: October 2024

Мета. Метою статті є систематизація етапів еволюції міжнародного економічного порядку (далі – МЕП) на основі узагальнення поглядів учених, що викладені в наукових працях.
Результати. Результати цієї праці полягають передусім у тому, що автору вдалось обґрунтувати послідовний ряд етапів розвитку МЕП. Йдеться про такі етапи як протопорядок (охоплює різноманіття перших, незрілих форм міжнародного порядку), МЕП 1.0 (первинні встановлені з 1648 року принципи та норми відносин між державами, а також початок капіталістичної моделі соціально-економічного розвитку), МЕП 2.0 (політичне відокремлення з 1823 року Американського континенту від європейського формального порядку, перемога капіталізму над феодалізмом і період промислових революцій), МЕП 3.0 (утвердження з 1944 року оновленого МЕП, формування справжніх міжнародних ринків, мережі інституцій і передумов глобалізації МЕП) та МЕП 4.0 (з 1991 року є наслідком відносної перемоги капіталістичної моделі над соціалістичною, лібералізації МЕВ, зміна парадигми гегемонії та диспозиції ключових гравців, утвердження механізму конкуренції в якості заміни військовому шляху розв’язання суперечностей між економічною силою (потенціалом) та диспозицією суб’єктів у світовій економіці). Після 2022 року розвиток економіки знань та зростання наукомісткості товарів і послуг, інтернаціоналізація та глобалізація, цифрова та зелена трансформації формують очікування якісного оновлення до МЕП 5.0.
Наукова новизна. Новизна отриманих результатів полягає в окресленні новітньої періодизації розвитку МЕП на основі застосування ряду критеріїв, знань щодо умов і чинників прийняття міждержавних рішень щодо його формування та визнання.
Практична цінність. Цінність отриманих результатів полягає в кращому розумінні реалій сьогодення з позиції довгострокових процесів розвитку МЕП, що дозволить краще відстоювати та реалізовувати національні економічні інтереси в динамічному глобальному конкурентному середовищі.
Особливості формування людського капіталу домогосподарств на сільських територіях
Authors: Sevriukova Yelyzaveta
Published: October 2024

Мета. Метою дослідження є оцінка особливостей формування людського капіталу на сільських територіях з погляду рівня споживання харчових продуктів, отримання послуг з освіти, охорони здоров’я залежно від рівня доходу домогосподарств.
Результати. Проблема людського капіталу є однією з найважливіших в економічній науці. Формування людського капіталу є процесом, який охоплює всі сфери життя сучасної людини. Він пов’язаний із комплексним розвитком людини, формуванням її особистості, можливістю самореалізації і творчості. Однією з проблем України в цілому та сільських територій зокрема є стрімка втрата людського капіталу протягом останніх десятиліть. У результаті проведеного дослідження на основі даних Державної служби статистики України щодо обстеження умов життя домогосподарств (аналізована сукупність становила 3052 домогосподарства) установлено вплив величини грошового доходу домогосподарств у сільській місцевості на рівень споживання харчових продуктів та окремих послуг. Отримані результати дають змогу встановити чітку залежність між рівнем доходу та якістю споживання харчових продуктів. У групі з найменшим рівнем доходу рівень витрат на м’ясо з розрахунку на одне домогосподарство становив 3303 грн, у групі з рівнем доходу за рік понад 240 тис. грн – 15494 грн. Схожі тенденції зафіксовано також щодо витрат на молоко, олію та фрукти. Визначено, що питома вага витрат на харчові продукти в групі домогосподарств із рівнем доходу до 40 тис. грн дорівнювала 63,0 %, у групі з рівнем доходу 100–120 тис. грн – 34,5 %, у групі з рівнем доходу понад 240 тис. грн – 22,8 %. Констатовано також суттєві розбіжності в рівні витрат на освіту й охорону здоров’я залежно від величини грошового доходу домогосподарств. Отримана регресійна модель свідчить про те, що в середньому зростання рівня доходу на 10 тис. грн приводить до зменшення питомої ваги витрат на харчові продукти в загальних витратах на 0,61 %.
Наукова новизна. Набуло подальшого розвитку визначення особливостей формування людського капіталу домогосподарств на сільських територіях. На основі статистичної обробки масових даних установлено фактичний вплив рівня доходу домогосподарств на особливості формування якості людського капіталу на сільських територіях.
Практична цінність. На основі проведеного дослідження зроблено висновок, що однією з центральних проблем розвитку сільських територій у повоєнний період буде створення умов для повернення економічно активного населення та забезпечення йому відповідних можливостей для самореалізації. У протилежному випадку ті негативні тенденції, які формувалися протягом попередніх десятиліть, не тільки не будуть подолані, а стануть ще гострішими та перейдуть до таких, які принципово можуть погіршити ситуацію з формування людського капіталу.
Self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus among older adults in an Ecuadorian community
Authors: Sánchez Torres Lissette Estefanía , Quenorán Almeida Verónica Sofia
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by the body's inability to effectively regulate blood glucose levels, which leads to chronic hyperglycemia. Objective: To describe the self-control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults in an Ecuadorian community. Methods: Quantitative, non-experimental, field, descriptive, and transversal approach. The “Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ)” questionnaire was used and applied to 42 older adults. Results: 31% of the participants indicated that the control of blood sugar levels is applied to some extent in attending appointments with medical doctors, 52.4% said that this statement applies to a considerable degree when taking medication for diabetes, 61.9% of the participants indicated that it applies to a significant degree, in turn, in terms of the tendency to "binge eat", approximately 26.2% stated that this statement applies to some extent, the tendency to skip the planned physical activity, 54.8% said that this premise applies to a considerable degree, concerning the Perception of their diabetes self-control, approximately 35.7% indicated that it is applied to a certain extent. Conclusion: Improve self-control practices by favoring the reduction of complications related to the pathology, promoting autonomy and informed decision-making, and contributing to active aging and health in the population
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE TRAUMAS ENVOLVENDO O TERÇO MÉDIO DA FACE EM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DE TERESINA-PI NO PERÍODO DE DOIS ANOS
Authors: Alves Joaquim Francisco Morais , Carvalho Débora Ellen de Sousa , Machado Mariane Rodrigues , França Caio César Silva , Reis Erik Neiva Ribeiro de Carvalho , Lopes Matheus Araújo Brito Santos
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento das causas e da incidência de trauma no terço médio da face em pacientes atendidos no departamento de Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital de Urgência de Teresina entre 2022 e 2023. Foram selecionados 153 casos e coletados dados sobre idade, gênero, mês de tratamento, etiologia do trauma e classificação do trauma. Os resultados mostraram que 82,30% dos traumas ocorreram no sexo masculino; a faixa etária mais acometida foi acima de 30 anos (61,50%); a etiologia mais frequente foi acidente de motocicleta com capacete (35,95%); o complexo órbito-maxilo-facial foi a região mais acometida, representando 67,32% dos casos; os meses com maior fluxo de atendimentos foram abril e setembro (17 atendimentos em cada mês). Dessa forma, pode-se observar que as fraturas do complexo órbito-zigomático-maxilar (OZM) estiveram presentes em todos os pacientes analisados e fica claro que mais estudos devem ser realizados para melhor analisar e tratamento dessa estrutura facial.
NOÇÕES PROCESSUAIS DA INTEPRETAÇÃO DO ENFRENTAMENTO PROBATÓRIO: A PROBLEMÁTICA O AGIR DE OFÍCIO DO MAGISTRADO E A ANÁLISE COMPARADA AO DIREITO PORTUGUÊS
Authors: Miguel Neto João de Souza , Costa Ricardo Sérvulo Fonsêca da
Published: October 2024

Este artigo explora a problemática da atuação de ofício do magistrado na produção de provas, com enfoque comparado entre o processo civil brasileiro e o português. O objetivo é investigar os limites do poder instrutório do juiz, discutindo a tensão entre ativismo judicial e a preservação dos princípios processuais da imparcialidade e do contraditório. A pesquisa utiliza metodologia de análise comparativa entre as legislações e doutrinas de ambos os países, examinando decisões judiciais e normas processuais que orientam a condução da fase probatória. No contexto brasileiro, o Código de Processo Civil impõe restrições à atuação ex officio, exigindo motivação fundamentada em ordem pública, enquanto no direito português o juiz dispõe de maior discricionariedade. O estudo visa demonstrar que, apesar de diferenças normativas, há um esforço comum para equilibrar o poder do magistrado com o direito das partes à produção de provas, observando-se o dever de fundamentação. A análise sugere a necessidade de autocontenção judicial e propõe uma reflexão crítica sobre o papel do juiz no enfrentamento probatório, defendendo que a intervenção de ofício deve ser sempre pautada pelo respeito às garantias constitucionais e processuais.
Formation of reactive nitrogen species promoted by iron ions through the photochemistry of a neonicotinoid insecticide
Authors: Ran Zhu , Hu Yanan , Li Yuanzhe , Gao Xiaoya , Ye Can , Li Shuai , Lu Xiao , Luo Yongming , Gligorovski Sasho , Liu Jiangping
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) are important atmospheric pollutants and key intermediates in the global nitrogen cycle, but their sources and formation mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of soluble iron (Fe3+) on the photochemical behavior of a widely used neonicotinoid (NN) insecticide, nitenpyram (NPM), in the aqueous phase. The yields of HONO and NOx increased significantly when NPM solution was irradiated in the presence of iron ions (Fe3+). We propose that the enhanced HONO and NO2 emissions from the photodegradation of NPM in the presence of iron ions result from the redox cycle between Fe3+ and Fe2+ and the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) by electron transfer between the excited triplet state of NPM and molecular oxygen (O2). Using the laboratory-derived parameterization based on kinetic data and gridded downward solar radiation, we estimate that the photochemistry of NPM induced by Fe3+ releases 0.50 and 0.77 Tg N yr−1 of NOx and HONO, respectively, into the atmosphere. This study suggests a novel source of HONO and NOx during daytime and potentially helps to narrow the gap between field observations and model outcomes of HONO in the atmosphere. The suggested photochemistry of NPM can be an important contribution to the global nitrogen cycle affecting the atmospheric oxidizing capacity and climate change.
Estimating the snow density using collocated Parsivel and Micro-Rain Radar measurements: a preliminary study from ICE-POP 2017/2018
Authors: Chang Wei-Yu , Yang Yung-Chuan , Hung Chen-Yu , Kim Kwonil , Lee Gyuwon , Tokay Ali
Published: October 2024

Abstract. A new method is developed to derive the bulk density and bulk water fraction of a population of particles from collocated measurements from the Micro-Rain Radar (MRR) and Particle Size and Velocity disdrometer (Parsivel). A rigorous particle-scattering simulation, namely the T-matrix method, is applied to Parsivel's particle size distribution data to calculate the reflectivity (ZHH). The possible combinations of the particle's ice, air, and water are derived to compare them with the MRR-measured ZHH. The combination of the minimum water fraction and maximum ice fraction subsequently determines the bulk density (ρbulk). The proposed method is applied to the data collected from the International Collaborative Experiments for Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic winter games (ICE-POP 2018) projects and its pre-campaign. The estimated ρbulk was examined independently by a comparison of the liquid-equivalent snowfall rate (SR) of collocated Pluvio devices. The bias values are adequately low (SR: −0.25–0.06 mm h−1). The retrieved bulk density also shows good consistency with collocated Precipitation Imaging Package (PIP) retrievals. The results indicate the capability of the proposed algorithm to derive reliable ρbulk, leveraging the compact and easily deployable designs of MRR and Parsivel. The derived bulk density of the two warm–low cases (28 February and 7 March 2018) shares a similar transition as the systems were decaying. The higher bulk density and bulk water fraction were found in the coastal sites (BKC and GWU have a median value of ρbulk and are 0.05 to 0.12 g cm−3), typically accompanied by higher liquid-water constituents (mean values of the top 5 % bulk water fraction are 0.07 to 0.45) than the inland sites (YPO and MHS have a median value of ρbulk and are 0.06 to 0.10, and mean values of the top 5 % bulk water fraction are 0.001 to 0.008) during such synoptic conditions.
Temperature-enhanced effects of iron on Southern Ocean phytoplankton
Authors: Eich Charlotte , van Manen Mathijs , McCain J. Scott P. , Jabre Loay J. , van de Poll Willem H. , Jung Jinyoung , Pont Sven B. E. H. , Tian Hung-An , Ardiningsih Indah , Reichart Gert-Jan , Bertrand Erin M. , Brussaard Corina P. D. , Middag Rob
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Iron (Fe) is a key limiting nutrient for Southern Ocean phytoplankton. Input of Fe into the Southern Ocean is projected to change due to global warming, yet the combined effects of a concurrent increase in temperature with dissolved Fe (dFe) addition on phytoplankton growth and community composition have not been extensively studied. To improve our understanding of how Antarctic phytoplankton communities respond to Fe and enhanced temperature, we performed four full factorial onboard bioassays under trace-metal-clean conditions with phytoplankton communities from different regions of the Weddell Sea and the Amundsen Sea in the Southern Ocean. Treatments consisted of 2 nM Fe addition with 2 °C warming (TF), Fe addition at in situ temperature (F) +2 °C warming with no Fe addition (T) and a control at in situ temperature with no Fe addition (control, C). Temperature had a limited effect by itself but boosted the positive response of the phytoplankton to Fe addition. Photosynthetic efficiency, phytoplankton abundances and chlorophyll a concentrations typically increased (significantly) with Fe addition (F and/or TF treatment), and the phytoplankton community generally shifted from haptophytes to diatoms upon Fe addition. The < 20 µm phytoplankton fraction displayed population-specific growth responses, resulting in a pronounced shift in community composition and size distribution (mainly towards larger-sized phytoplankton) for the F and TF treatments. Such a distinct enhanced impact of dFe supply with warming on Antarctic phytoplankton size, growth and composition will likely affect trophic transfer efficiency and ecosystem structure, with potential significance for the biological carbon pump.
Probabilistic Seismic Landslide Hazard Assessment Considering Different Scenarios of Earthquake and Rainfalls in Bomi, China
Authors: Chen Shuai , Miao Zelang , Wu Lixin
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Probabilistic seismic landslide hazard assessments are critical to infrastructure safety and disaster mitigation in earthquake-prone zones. Previous studies on the probabilistic seismic landslide hazard (PSLH) assessment considered only earthquakes, while rainfall was rarely or not yet considered, which might affect significantly the spatio-temporal pattern of potential seismic landslides. Considering the uncertain features of both earthquake and rainfalls, we developed a novel method for PSLH assessment referring to static factors (geology, topography, and landuse/landcover) and dynamic factors (earthquake and rainfalls), and assessed the PSLH in Bomi, China, which is a strong earthquake-prone zone threatened by heavy rainfalls in the southeast of the Tibet plateau. Firstly, the earthquake parameters under four kinds of earthquake scenarios, being frequent, occasional, rare, and extremely rare, were obtained with the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis method to quantify the effect of future earthquakes. Secondly, we quantified the spatio-temporal distribution of the soil slope saturation with a rainfall infiltration model considering the monthly different rainfalls. Then, considering the different scenarios of both earthquake and rainfall, we assessed in detail the PSLH with a permanent displacement model. The results show that the risky zones of seismic landslide hazards differ significantly in Bomi under different scenarios, where high and extremely high hazard zones concentrate mainly in the south part; and the pattern of seismic landslide hazards changes a lot with monthly differential rainfalls. The method presented in this study is meaningful for the prevention and mitigation of seismic landslides in other mountainous areas threatened by strong earthquakes and suffering from heavy rainfalls.
Exploring the CO2 fugacity along the east coast of South America aboard the schooner Tara
Authors: Olivier Léa , Boutin Jacqueline , Reverdin Gilles , Hunt Christopher , Linkowski Thomas , Chase Alison , Haentjens Nils , Junger Pedro C. , Pesant Stephane , Vandemark Douglas
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The air-sea CO2 flux in the coastal ocean is a key component of the global carbon budget. However, due to the scarcity of data, the many sources and sinks of carbon and their complex interactions in these waters remain poorly understood. In 2021, the Tara schooner collected 14,000 km of CO2 fugacity (fCO2) measurements along the coast of South America, including in the Amazon River-Ocean continuum (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13790065, Olivier et al., 2024a). The interactions between the Amazon River and its oceanic plume are complex, and under a combined influence of many processes such as tides and bathymetry. Downstream of the Amazon River plume, the fCO2 is low compared with that of the atmosphere, reaching a minimum of 42 μatm. In the river, fCO2 reaches up to 3000 μatm. South of the estuary, the waters of the North Brazil Current have a fCO2 exceeding 400 μatm. Along the Brazil Current, fCO2 is around 400 μatm and decreases, as does temperature, as the schooner sails away from the equator. Nevertheless, in all the data collected in this coastal environment, salinity varies greatly, and therefore describes best the variability of fCO2. Despite the strong variability and uncertainties in the data, comparison with discrete samples of other carbonate parameters shows that the mean differences (2 µatm) are within the range of uncertainties related to the chemical formula used for the comparison. This data set helps to fill the gap in our knowledge of the behavior of fCO2 in the under-sampled region of the Brazilian coast.
Spatiotemporal variability of flash floods and their human impacts in the Czech Republic during the 2001–2023 period
Authors: Brázdil Rudolf , Faturová Dominika , Šulc Michalková Monika , Řehoř Jan , Caletka Martin , Zahradníček Pavel
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Flash floods, characterized by their sudden onset, extreme discharge, short duration, material damage, and human loss, represent a significant natural hazard. Not well covered by standard hydrological observations, flash flood data can primarily be derived from various types of documentary evidence. This evidence served as the main data source for creating a flash flood database for the Czech Republic from 2001 to 2023. This database enabled detailed analysis of different aspects of flash floods. The annual series of 233 flash flood events, 160 flash flood days, and 424 affected municipalities showed significant inter-annual variability but no linear trends. The triggering rainfall that generates flash floods was analyzed with respect to 1–3-hourly and daily precipitation totals and circulation types from the objective classification. While flash floods can occur anywhere, they were more frequently recorded at the foots of mountain slopes, often coinciding with “critical points” where built-up areas meet concentrated surface runoff pathways. The division of material damage caused by flash floods into eight categories indicated that the highest proportion of damage was to streets and communications (24.3 %), to houses (21.7 %), and to their cellars and basements (18.3 %). There were also 36 recorded fatalities. The understanding of flash floods in the Czech Republic aligns generally well with studies of flash floods in other European regions.
Blaming Victims of Online Romance and Investment Frauds: An Analysis of Two Theoretical Perspectives
Authors:   , Nataraj-Hansen Shalini
Published: October 2024

Online romance and investment fraud are growing crimes in Australia by volume and funds lost but are known to attract high levels of victim blame, commonly perceived as stupid, gullible, and undeserving of justice. ‘The Fraud Justice Network’ (FJN) refers to the multitude of institutions that aim to combat frauds, but little is known about how and why professionals within these entities perceive and ascribe victimhood to fraud victims. This study presents findings of perspectives and experiences of the FJN in Australia, of romance and investment fraud victims through fourteen semi-structured interviews with FJN professionals.
Navigating the Selected SDGs: Unraveling Past Shortcomings for a Future of Prosperity
Authors: Waheed Ayesha , Kiani Muhammad Mohsin Latif
Published: October 2024

This study examines the United Nations' development framework, encompassing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in the context of Pakistan's engagement and advancement. While MDGs faced challenges in Pakistan due to diverse factors, SDGs were embraced as the nation's blueprint for development with a well-coordinated institutional setup. The study's main objective is to assess the institutional coordination and implementation of SDGs at national and provincial tiers. Through comprehensive stakeholder interviews and an analysis of specific SDG indicators, the study identifies regions with varying degrees of susceptibility to falling short of set targets. The research assessed annual progress levels and compared them to the 2030 targets, using data from PSLM and PDHS surveys. Districts were categorized based on their estimated annual change requirements, offering a concise overview of indicator status in Pakistan. The findings underscore the potential challenges faced by Sindh, Baluchistan, and specific districts in KP, shedding light on Pakistan's trajectory towards sustainable development.
Women Empowerment: A Comparison of Socio-Economic Perspectives with Political Aspects
Authors: Mehmood Bushra , Khan Abdul Jalil , Ahmad Hafiz Rizwan
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigates the social, economic and some political determinants of women empowerment by determining whether economic and social factors are more important compared to the political factors or not. The comparison between 34-developed and 34-developing countries has been made by constructing a weighted index of  women empowerment by using annual data ranging from 1990 to 2023 based on the social and economic spheres of the women life. The political aspects are employed by using women political empowerment index already developed by V-Dem. The study evaluates the capability approach through panel data fixed effects models. This approach conceptualizes women empowerment by focusing social and economic dimensions of the women life mainly. Panel data analysis has been performed based on cross section fixed effect models and generalized least square regression with ARMA components to deal with autocorrelation. The findings suggest that developing countries need to advance the socio-economic factors to empower their women population such as increased educational access, raising the level of life expectancy and provide opportunities for political role whereas developed countries should focus on expansion in economic opportunities and health facilities for women to ensure the women empowerment effectively. Hence the set of policies needed in case of developing countries should focus more on social empowerment whereas developed countries more on economic empowerment.
On the construction of the optimal aerodynamic shape of a flying wing type
Authors:   Ishlinskyi Institute for Problems in Mechanics Russian Academy of Sciences (IPMech RAS),, Fofonov D. M.
Published: October 2024

Using the method of local variations, the process of constructing the aerodynamic configuration, based on optimizing its shape according to the aerodynamic quality criterion K, is considered. The shape of a delta wing with dimensionless length L ≡ 1 and span b = 1 was taken as the initial configuration in the optimization calculation. The shape and dimensions of internal geometric constraints are taken as the initial data. The volume of the body under study is not fixed. The optimal configuration that realizes the maximum aerodynamic quality has been determined; its properties have been studied. In the additionnal calculation, a prototype geometrically similar to the X 34 project, including the plan form and dimensions of the power plant, was taken as the initial data. The shape of the fuselage and the wing setting angle providing the maximum aerodynamic quality have been determined. An assessment of the aerodynamic quality of the resulting optimal shape shows its compliance with the required conditions.
The illocutionary/ perlocutionary distinction: between the performative and the passionate utterance
Authors: Cosmescu Alexandru
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the distinction between illocution and perlocution in speech act theory, highlighting the complexity of interactions between these dimensions of the utterance. Building on a close reading of J. L. Austin’s analysis in “How to Do Things with Words” and Stanley Cavell’s article on the passionate utterance, the text argues that the conventional approach to speech acts, which focuses on illocution, overlooks the essential affective dimension of perlocution. Cavell proposes a reconceptualization of perlocution through the lens of passionate utterances, emphasizing the interdependence between affect, motivation, and the interlocutor’s response. The paper suggests the necessity of integrating these dimensions into the analysis of the total speech act, thus offering a more nuanced and holistic approach to language that encompasses both conventions and the affective and relational dimensions.
Recenzja książki Alicji Bieńkowskiej: „Juliusz Poniatowski – biografia polityczna”
Authors: Górecki Jan
Published: October 2024

Książka wydana przez Wydawnictwo Neriton, Warszawa, 2012, s. 405.
Sprawozdanie z konferencji „Podatek dochodowy w rolnictwie zamiast podatku rolnego”
Authors: Wasilewski Mirosław , Felczak Tomasz
Published: October 2024

Sprawozdanie z konferencji „Podatek dochodowy w rolnictwie zamiast podatku rolnego”.
Dylematy procesu delimitacji drobnych gospodarstw rolnych
Authors: Musiał Wiesław , Drygas Mirosław
Published: October 2024

Opracowanie poświęcono kwestii tzw. drobnych gospodarstw rolnych, sposobów ich delimitacji oraz skali występowania w UE. Na tym tle przedstawiono główne myśli i sentencje zaprezentowane w wygłoszonych referatach oraz w dyskusji w trakcie konferencji naukowej „Drobne gospodarstwa – wielki problem”. Wskazano także na potrzebę lepszego ukierunkowania instrumentarium adresowanego do drobnych gospodarstw w ramach realizowanej WPR oraz jej reformy na lata 2014–2020.
Letters from the Depthless Deep
Authors: Min Lisa
Published: October 2024

In contrast to the blacklining of classified documents, the bureaucratic redactions that symbolize a certain aura of political power, this work seeks corners, the most intimate and silent of spaces, produced both because of and as a necessary embrace of the redacted political. As a reflection on the challenge of writing about North Korea within an overarching "totalitarian" framework that seeks to uncover hidden truths, that ceaselessly searches for hidden meanings in the veil of the black, I propose an approach that leaves me, implicated. In a series of “letters” to North Korea, I use redaction as form, as form-making of a particular kind of sociality that exists between, through, and ultimately because of the very space of redaction.
Condensed Meanings
Authors: Makley Charlene , Donyol Dondrup
Published: October 2024

In this piece composed of short stories and erasure poems written in dialogue with each other, we reflect on the (im)possibilities of ethnography amidst state-led erasure and threat in China's Tibet before and after 2008, when Tibetans began to openly protest both their political economic marginalization and heightened assimilation pressures in the wake of the "Great Develop the West" campaign (2000-) and the rise of president Xi Jinping's more authoritarian policies (2013-). The ongoing militarization of Tibetan regions and increasing pressures on local officials to "maintain stability" (Ch. weiwen) and promote Chinese-style "civilization" (Ch. wenming), have meant that the threat of socioeconomic ostracization, detention, and torture is now much more present and pervasive for Tibetan citizens. We draw on Makley's twenty-seven years of ethnographic research conducted as a white American anthropologist in Tibetan regions, and on Dondrup Donyol's experiences conducting ethnographic research as a native anthropologist there. We strove for an emergent and dialogic writing process by sharing and responding to each others' narratives. As a way to illustrate sites of erasure imposed by authoritarian rule, we deploy oppositional forms of redaction in unexpected ways (not just names, places and other identifying markers of persons), in order to intervene in locally influential Chinese-language state texts. This process, our history of close collaborations, and our very different positions as ethnographers of Tibet, yielded new insights and avenues for us in rethinking the nature and roles of ethnography under authoritarian erasure.
On Redactions
Authors: Price David H.
Published: October 2024

This chapter considers the political and economic settings in which Freedom of Information Act research occurs, and uses notions of “fragmentology” coming from archaeologists work with incomplete texts as a way to help us view the partially released texts that FOIA scholars work with—noting significant differences between the accidental and intentional processes that make these two types of texts incomplete. This chapter reviews the sort of logical arguments that are available to researchers appealing redacted portions of texts released under FOIA, and discusses how much efforts contemporary government censors put into keeping significant records from the past inaccessible.
Dear Kafka
Authors: Malcolm Annie
Published: October 2024

A Chinese painter who called himself Kafka comes out to me in an art village in Shenzhen. It’s a pained coming out — full of loss and hesitation. I write him a letter, an exercise in reflecting on the forms of redaction that take place as a queer in queer-unfriendly spaces, and those that take place as part of the ethnographic practice.
███ in the Field
Authors: Billé Franck
Published: October 2024

In the form of a photo essay, this text grapples with some central questions facing ███ anthropologists doing research in countries where their personal identities are, at best culturally unpalatable, at worst illegal. In this personal account, experiences in two countries (Russia and China) are contrasted. In the latter, elusiveness in responses to personal questions from interlocutors can help carve out spaces of ambiguity. In the former, by contrast, anti-███ legislation (the federal law “for the Purpose of Protecting Children from Information Advocating for a Denial of Traditional Family Values”) requires explicit forms of denial and excision of one’s family at home. These different authoritarian contexts and positioning of ███ identities lead to different forms of redaction, as reflected in the blurry vs. blacked out photographs—with the ultimate realization that the practice of redaction in itself indexes silences readily decoded by interlocutors as forms of coming out.
The use of nanotechnology in cosmetics
Authors: Vilar Natália Matias , Santos Francisco Dimitre Rodrigo Pereira , Belfort Marcia Guelma Santos , Fernandes Thamyres Freitas
Published: October 2024

The nanoscience present in cosmetics, corresponds to a new segment that is showing results meaningful in comparison to traditional methods. In this sense, this article aimed to carry out an investigation of the main published studies on the techniques, advantages and disadvantages regarding the use of nanotechnology in cosmetology. The methodology used consists of reviewing the literature through research using keywords related to the proposed theme, in the SCIELO, PubMED and MEDLINE databases. The literature points to greater and more prolonged cutaneous penetration in the use of nanoparticles in detriment to traditional methods, as well as the targeting of actives to specific cell groups. In addition, the present nanostructures are presented, being the lipid, polymeric and metallic systems, as well as highlighting their main techniques and their benefits, such as biocompatibility and high delivery of actives, in addition to highlighting concerns about toxicological risks to the human body and the environment.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemberdayaan Informasi dari Ancaman Buzzer: Konsepsi Pembatasan Akun Media Sosial
Authors: Izzah Nabila , Mahdi Muhammad Azhar , Julkarnain Deky , Rato Dominikus , Ohoiwutun
Published: October 2024

Perkembangan teknologi informasi, khususnya dalam komunikasi, tidak hanya memberikan dampak positif bagi masyarakat, namun juga dampak negatif seperti cyberbullying. Fenomena buzzer yang kini marak di masyarakat pada awalnya ditujukan untuk promosi, namun semakin beralih fungsi sebagai media penggiringan opini publik, alat politik, bahkan cyberbullying. Fenomena ini memiliki legalitas hukum melalui Undang-Undang ITE (UU ITE), namun mayoritas akun media sosial yang bersifat anonim menyulitkan penegak hukum dalam menentukan subjek hukum yang bertanggung jawab atas tindak pidana tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan konsepsi pembatasan akun media sosial untuk menciptakan kesejahteraan manusia dengan metode yuridis normatif dan pendekatan perundang-undangan serta pendekatan konseptual.
Florivoría y atributos florales relacionados en especies del campus universitario de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras
Authors: Ardón Ramon Enrique , Antúnez David Eduardo , Ferrufino-Acosta Lilian
Published: October 2024

La florivoría es definida como el consumo de las estructuras florales estériles o reproductivas (pétalos, sépalos, estambres y ovarios) por parte de organismos en su mayoría insectos, jugando un papel importante en la reproducción de las plantas, ya que puede reducir el éxito reproductivo. Los estudios de florivoría son esenciales para entender las interacciones entre los herbívoros y las plantas y cómo estas interacciones afectan la biodiversidad y la producción de semillas Se registró la frecuencia de florivoría en 22 especies de plantas pertenecientes a 15 familias, que habitan en el campus Ciudad Universitaria de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras. La familia con mayor frecuencia de florivoría fue Asteraceae, y las plantas hermafroditas y nativas. Asimismo, se registraron tres grupos de insectos florivoros, los hemípteros con un porcentaje de 68.18%, coleópteros 27.27% y dermápteros con un 4.54%. Las flores de las especies arbóreas mostraron daños sólo por los coleópteros, mientras que en los arbustos y hierbas se observaron daños por hemípteros. Este estudio aporta información importante para comprender este tipo de interacciones como la florivoria, poco estudiada en los bosques de Honduras.
Discovery and Underground Mining of Large Deposits: Essential Training to Ensure Copper Supply
Authors: Wood Dan , van As Andre
Published: October 2024

Editor’s note: The aim of the Geology and Mining series is to introduce early career professionals and students to various aspects of mineral exploration, development, and mining in order to share the experiences and insight of each author on the myriad of topics involved with the mineral industry and the ways in which geoscientists contribute to each.

A supply shortfall of at least 6 million tonnes (Mt) Cu is expected by 2031—with total demand now forecast to increase from 25 Mt in 2023 to >36 Mt, and possibly to a suggested 50 Mt by 2050—given the present trend in demand. The deficit can be partially filled by increased mine production, expanding currently installed mine production capacity, and increasing Cu recycling. However, satisfying demand in 2050 as the demand-to-mining supply gap increases will require the accelerated discovery of at least five large Cu deposits—individually producing >0.5 to >1.0 Mt/yr Cu—and their related mine development, by 2030. These five deposit discoveries are required to replace mines scheduled to close in the 2050s, given the >20 years needed to take a deposit from discovery to mine production. The two largest sources of Cu supply, porphyry and sediment-hosted Cu deposits, can potentially fill the gap if enough discoveries are made; however, there is no evidence that this is about to occur.

Future porphyry Cu discoveries are expected to be mined underground, mostly by a caving method. The demand increase is occurring at a time when the capital intensity of porphyry Cu mine development has almost doubled since 2006. We predict that the only solution to the future Cu demand-supply challenge for society and the mining industry in the short to medium term rests with simple demand-supply economics and a substantially increased Cu price. Copper substitution by other materials and recycling could potentially benefit from a significantly increased price; however, the major advantage will be conferred on deposits amenable to open-pit mining that are undeveloped because of price-dependent, failed feasibility studies.

The challenge of possibly doubling Cu supply by ca. 2050 through developing mines on large Cu deposits—both discovered and undiscovered, in an unprecedented number and in a shorter period—will require a major increase in the number of competent mining industry personnel. This comes at a time when the industry faces an aging workforce, leading to a critical skills gap compounded by a chronic shortage of students graduating in the sciences and engineering with mining-related university degrees. There is an acute shortage of experienced professionals in cave mining, and the substantial number of open-pit mining professionals who are predicted to retire by 2030 will need to be replaced. On-the-job training of geoscientists and engineers after graduation, delivered by experienced practitioners through university-accredited professional development programs, is suggested as the solution.
The data poverty trap: A moral and statistical dilemma
Authors: Smythe Ian
Published: October 2024

Key digested message

This article explores the issue of data poverty and its impact on educational inequality with specific reference to vocational training. It highlights how a lack of comprehensive data affects support services and student outcomes, contributing to survivorship bias. In this specific case, survivorship bias arises because in-depth data is primarily collected from students who were admitted to colleges, neglecting those who were not. This selective data collection misrepresents the needs and barriers of the broader applicant pool. The article also discusses the potential and limitations of artificial intelligence in addressing these challenges, emphasising the need for context-specific data to improve enrolment and support for all students.
Deficiencies in the Hopelessness Scale and a solution
Authors: Lester David
Published: October 2024

Key digested message

The Hopelessness Scale is used widely in research studies but has a deficiency in that the items appear to measure three different constructs: hopelessness, helplessness and haplessness. The Helplessness, Hopelessness, Haplessness Scale was developed to overcome these deficiencies.
OPTİMAL VERGİLEME ve RAMSEY OPTİMUM VERGİ KURALI
Authors: Aktan Coşkun Can , Karaş Ebru
Published: October 2024

Normatif iktisat içerisinde yer alan optimal vergileme teorisi, toplumsal refah açısından en iyi vergilemenin nasıl olması gerektiğini araştıran bir alandır. Toplumsal refahın temel göstergeleri kaynak dağılımında etkinlik ve adalettir. Bu kapsamda optimal vergilemeden beklenen, kaynakların etkin ve adil dağılımını sağlayacak ideal bir vergilemenin yapılmasıdır. İdeal bir vergi sisteminde başta etkinlik ve adalet olmak üzere bir takım vergileme ilkelerine uygunluk aranmaktadır Bu yazıda optimal vergileme açısından Ramsey vergileri konusu incelenmektedir.
Multiple description image coding using Schur transform
Authors: Felkaoui Abdelhakim , Ziet Lahcen , Ziadi Raouf , Bekka Raïs El’hadi , Semcheddine Moussa
Published: October 2024

A novel obvious and robust image Multiple Description Coding (MDC) using Schur transform (ST)is presented in this work. To overcome the inherent drawbacks in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT)which are the hardware implementation and computational complexityIn the MDC approach, two or more correlated descriptions of the same data aregenerated, which can be independently decoded, and yield mutually refinable information. Therefore, the quality of the recovered signal is dependent only on the number of received descriptions, and not on the specific loss pattern. The new techniquewas analyzed and compared to the conventional approach in the case of four descriptions by using multiple grayscale test images having different spectral characteristics.Theexperimental results of Schur transform (ST) compared to discrete wavelet transform (DWT)show that our method achievesbetter performance in terms of delivered peaksignal to noise ratio (PSNR) and visual image quality reconstruction.The proposed MDC has a low redundancy and outperforms the conventionalscheme for image transmission over error-prone networks.Therefore, the proposed approach provides an easier practical implementation and a better redundancy performancethan the classical approach.
O papel do delegado “garantista” ao se fazer juízos negativos de imputação
Authors: Figueiredo Francielle da Conceição Drumond
Published: October 2024

O delegado de polícia é o primeiro garantidor dos direitos e garantias fundamentais do investigado, e funciona como um verdadeiro anteparo de arbitrariedades e abusos, quando da ocorrência de uma prisão em flagrante.  Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a (im)possibilidade do delegado de polícia aplicar as causas justificantes e dirimentes legais no cumprimento dos seus deveres (funções) durante a  lavratura do termo de prisão em flagrante delito ou ao final da investigação preliminar. Para cumprir com o objetivo proposto foi utilizado o método fenomenológico-hermenêutico, de matriz heidegeriana-gadameriana, revolvendo o chão linguístico sob o qual está assentada a presente temática. Conclui que o delegado de polícia não deve se ater a meras análises de adequação do fato-norma, mas também o dever de analisar o conceito de crime, de forma completa ( fato típico, antijurídico e culpável), a fim de evitar ações penais infundadas e, principalmente de concretizar os ditames do Estado Democrático de Direito sob o mandamento do Garantismo Penal.
Democrazia fiscale e finanziamento delle religioni. Le campagne pubblicitarie per l’8xmille della Chiesa cattolica: dalla rendicontazione alla promozione
Authors: Mazzoni Giulia
Published: October 2024

Fiscal democracy and the financing of religions. The advertising campaigns for the Catholic Church's 8xmille: from reporting to promotion
ABSTRACT: On the eve of the fortieth anniversary of the law (No. 222 of 1985) that introduced a new regulatory framework for the Catholic Church's financial system, which was subsequently extended to other religious groups, presents an opportunity to reflect on the significance and utility of the revisions introduced from the Villa Madama Agreement and to evaluate the ongoing critical issues raised by doctrinal and legal developments in light of recent developments. In the present era, while some doubts appear to have reached a state of equilibrium with regard to the stability of the data, others have the effect of introducing a certain degree of uncertainty. An analysis of the issues pertaining to advertising and reporting reveals a tendency on the part of the Catholic Church to focus less on the primary driver of change, namely the sustenance of the clergy, and instead direct attention towards welfare interventions that bear resemblance to those typically undertaken by Third Sector entities. The persistence of old doubts and the emergence of new challenges, it is pertinent to assess whether the consolidated 8xmille mechanism remains a viable and effective response to the prevailing circumstances.
SOMMARIO: 1. I (quasi) quarant’anni dell’8xmille - 2. Il sistema di finanziamento pubblico della Chiesa cattolica. Un prima e un dopo - 3. Come funziona l’8xmille? Le aporie di un sistema tra punti di forza e punti di debolezza - 4. “Dati alla mano”. La rendicontazione CEI 2023 - 5. Diritto, religioni e pubblicità - 6. Gli spot 8xmille - 7. Quale futuro per il finanziamento delle religioni?
ULMFiT: Universal Language Model Fine-Tuning for Text Classification
Authors:   Department of Analytics & Decision Support, Great River Health Systems, Burlington, (Iowa), United States of America (USA)., Joshi Herat , Joseph Shenson ,   Department of Computer Engineering, University of North Dakota, Houston, (Texas), United States of America (USA).
Published: October 2024

While inductive transfer learning has revolutionized computer vision, current approaches to natural language processing still need training from the ground up and task-specific adjustments. As a powerful transfer learning approach applicable to any NLP activity, we provide Universal Language Model Fine-tuning (ULMFiT) and outline essential strategies for language model fine-tuning. With an error reduction of 18–24% on most datasets, our technique considerably surpasses the state-of-the-art on six text categorization tasks. Additionally, it achieves the same level of performance as training on 100 times more data with only 100 annotated examples. We have made our pretrained models and code publicly available.
Drivers, Barriers, and Facilitators of Sustainability in the Indonesian Batik Industry
Authors: Gunawan Arien
Published: October 2024

Indonesian batik is the representation of the Indonesian cultural diversity in a form of art. The industry is tightly associated with family business, inherited skills, and feminine qualities. Despite its contribution to the Indonesian economic and cultural sustainability, the production process is unsustainable. This research unfolds the personal drivers, as well as the institutional barriers and facilitators that could encourage and discourage batik entrepreneurs to become more sustainable by taking into account the intersections of the entrepreneur’s identity. The findings suggest that women and men differ in motivations to become more sustainable. For example, a male entrepreneur can be motivated by feminine values i.e., living in harmony with people and the environment, while a female entrepreneur can be motivated by economic profit to improve her personal wealth. In addition, the institutional barriers that hinders the batik entrepreneurs to become more sustainable are mainly due to lacking of regulations such as inconsistency in supporting sustainable batik SMEs and different cultural perspectives among younger and older generations in the batik industry such as mindset shift towards sustainability. Finally, this study enhances the repertoire of knowledge in the ecopreneurship and craft industry studies.