bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinámica demográfica y expansión urbana
Authors: Cervetti Gianni
Published: August 2024

Desde fines del siglo XX, la localidad de Franck, ubicada en el centro de la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina), ha experimentado un importante incremento poblacional. La localidad posee uno de los ritmos de crecimiento demográfico más elevados del departamento Las Colonias y de la provincia, el cual se intensifica a principios del siglo XXI con su correlativa expansión de la mancha urbana. El propósito del presente artículo radica en analizar el crecimiento poblacional experimentado por la localidad de Franck entre 1991 y 2010, la expansión de la mancha urbana, y los motivos que llevan a Franck a crecer física y poblacionalmente, tales como: a) inserción de Franck en el Área Metropolitana de Santa Fe (AMSF), b) búsqueda de una mejor calidad de vida por parte de la población urbana, c) puestos de trabajo que atraen población, d) buena prestación de servicios básicos en toda la mancha urbana, entre otros.
DEVELOPMENT OF ARTICULATE STORYLINE MEDIA FOR ENHANCING LEARNING OUTCOMES IN NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Hidayati Rofiah Nurul , Sinta Tria Nurchamida Abelia , Dewi Rahmatika
Published: August 2024

Technology-based interactive media have yet to reach their full potential in elementary education, resulting in suboptimal learning outcomes in the natural and social sciences. This study aims to outline the development steps for interactive learning media using Articulate Storyline and to assess the quality and effectiveness of this media in teaching fifth-grade students about Earth and the Universe within natural and social science subjects. Employing a research and development approach, this study utilized the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The participants were fifth-grade students from the Muhammadiyah Elementary School of Karangbendo, Yogyakarta, with 28 students. Instruments used in this research are questionnaires and tests. The questionnaire was used to get data from the experts, whereas a test was used to get the data on learning outcomes. The findings suggest that the Articulate Storyline interactive learning media is suitable and effective, as evidenced by an average 'Highly Suitable' rating of 87% from experts in content knowledge, media, language, and teaching and learning in primary education and a 'Very Good' response rating of 98% from teachers and students. A significant improvement in learning outcomes was observed, with an average n-gain score of 0.73, indicating a high level of effectiveness. This media is recommended as an alternative for educational activities in schools, particularly for introducing topics related to Earth and the universe.
DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING MATERIALS BASED ON REALISTIC ALGEBRA AND MEASUREMENT MATERIALS
Authors: Mauluah Luluk , Ekantini Anita , Wijayanti Inggit Dyaning
Published: August 2024

Students' understanding of mathematical concepts still needs to improve. This problem will spread to other subjects because mathematics is necessary for solving various problems. This research aims to determine the product development process for realistic teaching materials for mathematics, algebra material, and measurement and the feasibility of product development according to expert assessments and responses from potential users. This research is an RND with a 4-D development model which includes Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The resulting product validator comprises three media, material, and discussion experts. Practitioner response testing was conducted on two 5th-grade teachers at Elementary School (SD) Muhammadiyah Sukonandi 2. The subjects for product testing were 5th-grade students at Elementary School (SD) Muhammadiyah Sukonandi 2. The instruments used in this research were questionnaires in the form of validation questionnaires, practitioner response questionnaires, and potential user responses. The assessment results from media experts scored 4.75 in the very good category, material experts scored 4.75 in the very good category, and language experts scored an average of 4.55 in the very good category. Practitioner response tests and user responses received very good responses.
Evaluation of outcomes of clinical phenotyping-based treatment for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis
Authors: Sharma Ankur , Taneja Rajesh , Raheja Apeksha , Mehta Kanishak , Taneja Ayran Nilesh , Singh Ashutosh
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Bladder pain syndrome/Interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is clinically of diverse types because different causes contribute to the development of their symptoms. It is important to classify patients into various groups based on the possible etiopathogenesis of their condition. Treatment may be tailored to each specific group according to the possible cause. Methodology: Twenty-five patients diagnosed with BPS/IC were categorized into four different clinical phenotypes (CP) based on their history of symptoms, allergy,dysfunctional voiding, neuropathic pain, and the presence of Hunner’s ulcer. Some patients could be classified into multiple groups. The patients were given oral pentosan polysulfate, and treatment specific to their CP. Patients in CP1, CP2, and CP3 groups received, respectively hydroxyzine, clonazepam, and amitriptyline. Patients with Hunner’s lesions (HL) (CP4) underwent hydro distension and ablation of the lesion, followed by intravesical instillation of heparin and hydrocortisone. The patients were evaluated using the Apollo clinical scoring (ACS) system and their clinical scores were recorded at 1, 3, and 6 month(s). Results: Among the 25 patients, 5, 7, 4, and 9 patients were classified into CP 1 – CP4 groups respectively, and were all subjected to ACS assessment. In CP1 group (allergy group), 80% (4/5) of patients responded well to the treatment and 20% (1/5) had unsatisfactory responses. In CP2 group (dysfunctional voiding group), 71.42% (5/7) patients had good, and 28.57% (2/7) had excellent responses. In CP3 group (neuropathic pain group), 28.57% (3/4) patients had excellent, and 75% (1/4) patients had good responses. In CP4 group (HL group), 33.33% (3/9) patients had unsatisfactory, 44.44% (4/9) achieved good, and 22.22% (2/9) had excellent responses. Overall, 16% (4/25) patients had unsatisfactory, 56% (14/25) attained good, and 28% (7/25) had an excellent response at the completion of the study. Conclusion: Using clinical phenotyping-based features indicative of etiology could potentially improve treatment outcomes by targeting the specific pathological processes contributing to the patients’ symptoms.
Conexão com a natureza e comportamento pró-ambiental infantil: Revisão de pesquisas na América Latina
Authors: Pontes Portela Lindon Johnson , Lauer Leite Iani Dias , Santos De Novais Jailson
Published: August 2024

O objetivo do estudo consiste em uma revisão sistemática qualitativa, com uso da recomendação PRISMA, para identificar e selecionar criticamente a literatura nas bases de dados Web of Science, SciELO e Scopus, usando os descritores: “Connect* OR Behavio* AND Natur* OR Environmen* AND Child*”. Os procedimentos metodológicos estruturados de análise e síntese dos dados foram baseados no protocolo de Síntese de Evidências Qualitativas - SEQ. Os dados foram tabulados e são apresentados em tabelas. A SEQ demonstra que os estudos de conexão entre criança e natureza destacam tal conexão como fator que influencia positivamente o desenvolvimento de crianças, principalmente no sentido de se autoperceberem com a natureza, ajudando a entender a relação entre criança e natureza, na importância dessa interação para um desenvolvimento pleno da criança, podendo resultar em comportamentos pró-ambientais na unidade de conservação estudada.
Cyber Dating Violence Perpetration: Prevalence, Frequency and Variables Associated in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Rey Anacona César Armando , Ocampo Rojas Eliana Marcela , Martínez Gómez Jorge Arturo
Published: August 2024

Little is known about the variables that could be related to cyber dating vio-lence (CDV). This study compared by sex the prevalence and frequency of perpetration of CDV between 2023 Colombian adolescents and young adults (53 % women) between 13-40 years (M=17.92; SD=3.6), and explored the re-lationship among CDV perpetration with CDV victimization and the perpe-tration of psychological dating violence (DV), implementing the statistical analyses Chi-squared, odds ratio, and multiple linear regression. The ins-truments used were CDAQ y CEPA. The 76 % of the participants reported ha-ving perpetrated some CDV behavior at least once or twice in the last year. Not finding differences by sex in the prevalence and the frequency of beha-viors perpetrated. The probability of perpetrating CDV was 81 times higher among the participants who reported CDV victimization (OR=81.206), and 6 times higher among those who perpetrated psychological DV (OR=6.539). The frequency of CVD behaviors suffered (B=.736; p=.000) and the frequen-cy of psychological DV perpetrated (B=.113; p=.000) explained 62.6% of the variance of the frequency of CDV behaviors perpetrated. These results indi-cate that the risk of perpetration increases with victimization and perfor-mance of traditional psychological DV, aspects that should be considered for its prevention.
Chemopreventive Properties Curcuma heyneana Rhizome Ethanolic Extract on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells, JHH-4
Authors: Santoso Christopher Filando , Rahmawati Desty Restia , Nugraheni Nadzifa , Adisusilo Midori Rahmadhany Putri , Maharani Dini , Hermawan Adam , Meiyanto Edy
Published: August 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of liver cancer. Curcuminoids are natural polyphenol compounds abundant in Curcuma heyneana ethanolic extract (CHE) and are known to inhibit breast and cervical cancer cell proliferation. Based on previous research, curcuminoid compounds have been studied to inhibit the growth of the liver cancer cell model, HepG2. This study aims to examine the potential of CHE as a chemopreventive agent in liver cancer using JHH-4 cell as a model. CHE was obtained by maceration method using ethanol which was then identified for its phytochemical profile using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Then TLC results were quantified to calculate the levels of compounds present in the CHE based on spot intensity with ImageJ software. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant assay was conducted to determine the radical scavenging activity of CHE. Cytotoxic activity of CHE on JHH-4 liver cancer cells was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Extraction produces a yield of 10.2 %w/w. CHE contains 4.52 %w/w curcuminoid compound consisting of 0.49 %w/w curcumin, 3.21 %w/w demethoxycurcumin, and 0.82% w/w bisdemethoxycurcumin. CHE exhibited antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 378.96 μg/mL, meanwhile ascorbic acid as a positive control has an IC50 value of 8.49 μg/mL. Cytotoxic activity of CHE on JHH-4 cells is characterized by an IC50 value of 16.62 μg/mL which is classified as having strong cytotoxic activity. This study concluded that CHE has the potential to be developed as a chemopreventive agent in liver cancer.Keywords: liver cancer, hepatocelullar carcinoma, Chemopreventive, antioxidant,Curcuma heyneana.
Quantifying Vulnerability
Authors: Firoz Malay
Published: August 2024

Humanitarianism has recently undergone a so-called innovation turn, utilizing cutting-edge technologies to enhance the reach and efficiency of humanitarian aid. This article focuses on novel advances in the way aid organizations record, measure, and classify household vulnerability among Syrian refugees. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Lebanon and Jordan, I explore how the datafication of refugees in humanitarian action not only reveals the constitutive limits of quantitative ontologies but also poses transformative implications for the institutional configurations of humanitarianism. In particular, I suggest that the aid sector’s growing reliance on data systems entrenches an extractive relationship between humanitarian organizations and refugees that conscripts, entangles, and unsettles data practitioners themselves. I conclude by pointing to vulnerability assessments as one node within a larger apparatus of integrated data systems, one that centralizes power within the humanitarian industry and poses grave risks for refugee rights.
ORTAOKUL ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN OKULLARDA ÖRGÜTSEL FARKINDALIĞA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİNİN MESLEKİ MOTİVASYONLARINI YORDAYICILIĞI
Authors: Baykan Ruhi , Balkar Betül
Published: August 2024

Bu araştırmada, ortaokul öğretmenlerinin mesleki motivasyonlarının ve okullarındaki örgütsel farkındalığa ilişkin görüşlerinin okullara ve öğretmenlere ilişkin çeşitli değişkenler bakımından araştırılması ve okullardaki örgütsel farkındalığın öğretmenlerin mesleki motivasyonlarını yordayıcılığının test edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Yordayıcı korelasyonel desendeki bu araştırmanın örneklemi, Şanlıurfa ilindeki ortaokullarda görev yapan ve basit tesadüfi örnekleme yoluyla seçilen 312 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, öğretmenlerin mesleki motivasyonlarının ve okullarda örgütsel farkındalığın incelenmesine yönelik ölçekler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, Pearson korelasyon analizi, basit doğrusal regresyon analizi, betimsel istatistikler, bağımsız örneklem t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi ile bağlantılı olarak Welch ve Brown-Forsythe, Tamhane’s T2 ve Scheffe testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları, ortaokul öğretmenlerinin mesleki motivasyonunun cinsiyet, branş ve mesleki deneyim değişkenlerine göre farklılık gösterdiğine işaret etmiştir. Ortaokul öğretmenlerinin mesleki motivasyonu ile ortaokullardaki örgütsel farkındalık arasında ise pozitif bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Okullardaki örgütsel farkındalığa ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri, öğretmenlerin mesleki motivasyonunun anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olarak belirlenmiştir.
ÖĞRETMEN ÖZERKLİĞİ VE ÖĞRETİM DUYGU DURUMLARI ARASINDAKİ DİNAMİK İLİŞKİ
Authors: Karadeniz Derya , Fer Seval , Karataş Fatih
Published: August 2024

Öğretmenlerin özerklik algıları ile öğretim duygu durumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelendiği bu çalışma, Konya'da farklı eğitim kademelerinde görev yapan 264 öğretmen üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular, öğretmenlerin en yüksek özerklik algısına sınıf düzeyinde, en düşük özerklik algısına ise okul düzeyinde sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Öğretmenlerin öğretim duyguları incelendiğinde, olumlu duygular arasında en yüksek olanın keyif alma duygusu, en düşük olanın ise gurur duygusu olduğu bulunmuştur. Olumsuz duygular arasında ise en yüksek duygu hayal kırıklığı, en düşük duygu ise kaygıdır. Daha da önemlisi, daha yüksek özerklik algısı daha fazla olumlu ve daha az olumsuz duyguyla ilişkili bulunmuştur; bu da özerkliğin öğretmenlerin öğretim duygu durumları üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Araştırma, öğretmen özerkliğini teşvik etmenin, öğretmenlerin sınıftaki olumlu duygusal deneyimlerini arttırmak için önemli bir strateji olabileceğini göstermektedir.
Whom to (dis)benefit: the principle for determining what/how to say in social interaction
Authors: Yang Bingjun
Published: August 2024

Choices of what/how to say in social interaction are inherently intentional because interlocutors may not mean what they say, and they may pretend to give priority to others’ benefits or simply claim or deny in order to (dis)benefit certain participants. Thus, a significant question is on what basis humans choose what to say in order to power and/or (dis)agree or to be (un)cooperative, (im)polite and/or (ir)relevant. Since no intention is benefit-free, it can be assumed that benefit (physical, metaphysical or combinational) weighing on whom to (dis)benefit determines what to say. This principle is the pivot to the reconstruction of connections of intention expression and interpretation in language interaction. Nine basic categories of benefit weighing can be approached for the meaning of specific language choices. Presidential debates and saint dialogues which are salient and family talk which is subtle in benefit weighing are good examples to illustrate this principle. The best result of communication may be achieved when interlocutors disregard their own benefits and speak for the group, the community, or human beings in general. Overall, benefit weighing may serve as the anchor for tackling topics and themes in pragmatics.
A review of organometallic compounds as versatile sensors in environmental, medical, and industrial applications
Authors: Omer Peshang Khdir , Abdulkareem Eman Ibraheem , Omer Rebaz Anwar , Faruq Rashid Rzgar
Published: August 2024

Sensing technology is gaining attention and continuously advancing, making it a recommended element of individualized healthcare management. This is due to the powers exhibited by organometallic compounds, which are further enhanced by the field of bioengineering. Organometallic compounds have a wide range of biological activity and find uses in industrial and material science fields. Their unique ability to specifically target and overcome constraints faced by traditional counterparts makes them potential contenders for sensor technology. These compounds are highly sensitive to changes in their environment, allowing them to be utilized as sensors for detecting various chemicals or conditions. Additionally, the versatility of organometallic compounds enables their integration into different sensor platforms, making them suitable for environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and industrial quality control. This article provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in the design and synthesis of organometallic compounds, with a specific emphasis on their potential use as sensors. It also discusses the changes made to the structure, the processes used for functionalization, the incorporation of microfluidics, and the resulting impact on the materials’ sensing capabilities. These biologically derived methods align with sustainability goals and enhance the affordability, applicability, and effectiveness of sensing.
Rhapsody in the Blue: Another Greek Loanword in Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Eichler Raanan
Published: August 2024

There is currently no satisfactory etymology for the hapax legomenon רַפְסֹדוֹת
rapsōdôt in 2Chr 2:15 (Eng. 16), although its meaning is agreed to be »rafts, floats«. It is proposed here that the word comes from the phonetically identical Greek word ῥαψῳδία (the ancestor of English rhapsody), which literally means »linked song«. Logs linked together into rafts recalled verses linked together into songs.
Teorias da argumentação na prova de redação do ENEM
Authors: Lopes Pinheiro Clemilton , Xavier Cortez Joilza
Published: August 2024

Considerando que a argumentação é objeto de diferentes abordagens teóricas e pode recobrir diferentes conceitos, nosso objetivo, neste trabalho, é verificar quais são as abordagens e os conceitos subjacentes e como são mobilizados nas competências e habilidades da matriz de correção da prova de redação do ENEM. Nesse sentido, realizamos um levantamento de algumas abordagens teóricas sobre a argumentação e constatamos três concepções: argumentação retórica, argumentação textual, argumentação linguística. Em seguida, analisamos o Guia do Participante do ENEM-2013 e verificamos como cada uma dessas concepções é mobilizada na descrição das competências e habilidades a serem corrigidas. Essa análise nos mostrou que não se assume um viés teórico balizador bem situado, o que pode gerar uma certa fragilidade do processo de avaliação da redação.
Dense and Persistent Odor Representations in the Olfactory Bulb of Awake Mice
Authors: Pirhayati Delaram , Smith Cameron L. , Kroeger Ryan , Navlakha Saket , Pfaffinger Paul , Reimer Jacob , Arenkiel Benjamin R. , Patel Ankit , Moss Elizabeth H.
Published: August 2024

Recording and analysis of neural activity are often biased toward detecting sparse subsets of highly active neurons, masking important signals carried in low-magnitude and variable responses. To investigate the contribution of seemingly noisy activity to odor encoding, we used mesoscale calcium imaging from mice of both sexes to record odor responses from the dorsal surface of bilateral olfactory bulbs (OBs). The outer layer of the mouse OB is comprised of dendrites organized into discrete “glomeruli,” which are defined by odor receptor-specific sensory neuron input. We extracted activity from a large population of glomeruli and used logistic regression to classify odors from individual trials with high accuracy. We then used add-in and dropout analyses to determine subsets of glomeruli necessary and sufficient for odor classification. Classifiers successfully predicted odor identity even after excluding sparse, highly active glomeruli, indicating that odor information is redundantly represented across a large population of glomeruli. Additionally, we found that random forest (RF) feature selection informed by Gini inequality (RF Gini impurity, RFGI) reliably ranked glomeruli by their contribution to overall odor classification. RFGI provided a measure of “feature importance” for each glomerulus that correlated with intuitive features like response magnitude. Finally, in agreement with previous work, we found that odor information persists in glomerular activity after the odor offset. Together, our findings support a model of OB odor coding where sparse activity is sufficient for odor identification, but information is widely, redundantly available across a large population of glomeruli, with each glomerulus representing information about more than one odor.
Multiple Intrinsic Timescales Govern Distinct Brain States in Human Sleep
Authors: Lendner Janna D. , Lin Jack J. , Larsson Pål G. , Helfrich Randolph F.
Published: August 2024

Human sleep exhibits multiple, recurrent temporal regularities, ranging from circadian rhythms to sleep stage cycles and neuronal oscillations during nonrapid eye movement sleep. Moreover, recent evidence revealed a functional role of aperiodic activity, which reliably discriminates different sleep stages. Aperiodic activity is commonly defined as the spectral slopeχof the 1/frequency (1/fχ) decay function of the electrophysiological power spectrum. However, several lines of inquiry now indicate that the aperiodic component of the power spectrum might be better characterized by a superposition of several decay processes with associated timescales. Here, we determined multiple timescales, which jointly shape aperiodic activity using human intracranial electroencephalography. Across three independent studies (47 participants, 23 female), our results reveal that aperiodic activity reliably dissociated sleep stage-dependent dynamics in a regionally specific manner. A principled approach to parametrize aperiodic activity delineated several, spatially and state-specific timescales. Lastly, we employed pharmacological modulation by means of propofol anesthesia to disentangle state-invariant timescales that may reflect physical properties of the underlying neural population from state-specific timescales that likely constitute functional interactions. Collectively, these results establish the presence of multiple intrinsic timescales that define the electrophysiological power spectrum during distinct brain states.
Japan’s Complicated Presence in Southeast Asia
Authors: Chua Karl Ian Uy Cheng
Published: August 2024

Japan has sought closer relations with Southeast Asia for decades, deploying diplomacy and foreign aid to win over a region where many countries suffered the violence of Japanese occupation during the World War II era. Sponsoring Japanese studies programs has also been key to the charm offensive. But at a time when Japan faces growing Chinese competition for regional influence, Japanese cultural exports have proved especially popular; meanwhile, Southeast Asian hits are drawing fans in Japan.
The Politics of Indigenous Exclusion in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: O’Sullivan Dominic
Published: August 2024

In both Australia and New Zealand, Indigenous peoples have called for alternative non-colonial political arrangements. In October 2023, Australians voted in a referendum against distinctive Indigenous participation in public policymaking, which had been proposed as a step toward a more inclusive political system. On the same day, New Zealand elected a new Parliament, leading to the formation of a government comprising three parties that had campaigned against what they saw as excessive Māori political influence. Comparing these developments and the histories of the two countries raises questions about liberal equality, democratic citizenship, and whether all or just some citizens should own the liberal democratic state.
Land sovereignty in depressed and contested agro-territories: The cases of Portugal and Brazil
Authors: Horstink Lanka , Schwemmlein Kaya , Masson Gabriela Abrahão
Published: August 2024

This article offers an exploratory operationalisation of the concept of land sovereignty applied to land politics in 2 agro-territories from different countries and continents sharing a common language and deeply linked histories: Portugal and Brazil. These display a similar model of agricultural development, representing a contradiction between the promise of profit based on aggressive exploitation of the territory and the marginalised condition of its population. How this agricultural model took hold in each country and manifested the agrarian question differs according to key socio-historical factors, such as the role of each in the colonial history that links them. Today, however, these agro-territories face similar challenges: human rights abuses, environmental destruction, lack of sound territorial management and fair policies, coupled with the dilapidation of socio-economic infrastructures. This makes them especially vulnerable to climate change, unemployment and poverty, while also caught in a clash between development models: a hegemonic hyper-intensive production model and the peasant-based model that has been resisting the advances of the former. This double jeopardy has prompted us to speak of ‘depressed and contested agro-territories’. Our study shows how, in the case of Brazil, despite physical violence and threats to life, social movements are propelling land reform, linking it to the concept of the social function of land. In Portugal, in contrast, the country’s alignment with neoliberal development has civil society divided about how to contest land use. Our analysis indicates that in both cases: (i) today’s land politics are heavily biased towards a neoliberal, export-based, hyper-intensive agriculture controlled by large corporations, with weak legislation in place to defend both social and environmental rights; (ii) land reform based on land sovereignty and the social function of land is deemed crucial to assist agro-territories in regaining socio-ecological balance and to attain democratisation of land politics by regaining control over land, natural resources and local markets.
Modelos Multietápicos para la Migración Rural-Urbana y la Producción Agrícola en Perú: 2022
Authors: Chávez J. Luis
Published: August 2024

Based on the New Economics of Labor Migration (NELM), rural-urban migration has a significant and adverse impact on the agricultural production of peruvian households. The emigration of a household member to urban areas is related, on average, to a reduction in the value of the household’s agricultural production of up to 48%. It is essential to implement policies that address the economic and social challenges derived from this migration, as well as promote strategies that guarantee the food security of rural communities, recognizing the crucial role of active agricultural workers in this process. Remittances also exert a negative influence on agricultural productive value, although moderate, with a drop of 12% compared to an increase of 10%. This last finding contradicts the results of Taylor (1999) and Bassie et al. (2022), where a positive relationship is established.
Effects of heating media on microstructure and chemical composition of heat-treated Pometia pinnata
Authors: Ling Caishan , Cai Chenyang , Xiong Xianqing , Shen Yunfang
Published: August 2024

Changes of microstructure, crystallization, chemical composition, and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of heat-treated wood (HTW) were investigated to explore the effects of heating media (saturated steam, superheated steam, air) and heat treatment (HT) temperature on HTWs. The results showed that the saturated steam induced more severe cell wall destruction than the other two media. Although the porosity slightly increased with the increasing HT temperature, superheated steam and air HT still decreased the porosity compared to that of control, whereas saturated steam HT increased the porosity. The HT increased both relative crystallinity and crystal size of HTWs. The increasing HT temperature slightly increased the relative crystallinity but decreased the crystal size. The highest crystallinity (55.0%) was observed after saturated steam HT. Leaching led to the increase of crystal size of HTW treated in saturated steam (about 0.15 nm), while those treated in unsaturated steam and air decreased. The increase in relative amount of lignin and cellulose due to the hemicellulose degradation were the main chemical changes of HTWs. Further lignin condensation reaction only occurred after saturated steam HT. Although saturated steam HT induced increased porosity, its lowest EMC (5.91%) indicated the decrease of hydroxyl groups.
Preparation and characterization of hydroxyethyl cellulose/nanolignin composite films
Authors: Zor Mustafa , Yazici Hikmet , Şen Ferhat , Eroğlu Erdal , Candan Zeki , Rodrigue Denis , Wang Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

Hydroxyethyl cellulose/nanolignin composite films were prepared and characterized. The composite films were produced via casting of synthesized nanolignin added to hydroxyethyl cellulose at different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% by mass). A control film without nanolignin was also prepared for comparison. The thermal properties of the composite films were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while the mechanical properties were determined by tensile testing and the surface properties were determined by water contact angle measurements. In addition, the morphologies of the samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that with the addition of nano lignin, the glass transition temperature of the composite films increased from 109 °C to 262 °C; the elongation at break increased from 19% to 51%; and the contact angles increased from 53 °C to 73 °C. The results showed that the presence of nanolignin produced materials being more flexible and more hydrophobic with higher glass transition temperatures.
Review of Recyclable Bio-based Epoxy Resins with Dynamic Chemical Bonds
Authors: Wan Mengting , Liu Xuemei , Zhang Yuan
Published: August 2024

Epoxy thermosetting resins are usually reliant on fossil fuel-based resources, commonly diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) type epoxy monomers. Most raw materials of these thermoset resin are toxic to the health of human, and their eternal cross-links make them difficult to reuse and recycle. To alleviate concerns about the environment and human health, it is an effective way to design new bio-based epoxy thermosetting materials to replace petroleum based thermosetting materials. The introduction of cleavable and dynamic bonds for bio-based thermosetting materials can also realize the recycling of bio-based epoxy resin. In this way, the damaged thermosetting materials can be recovered to prolong their service lifetime and reduce the thermosetting waste. This review article aims to outline the latest improvements in intrinsically recyclable bio-based epoxy thermosetting materials. This review first describes the synthesis method of recyclable bio-based epoxy, then reviews the structure, recyclable and other properties of bio-based epoxy containing different dynamic bonds, and finally summarizes the challenges and opportunities for the recyclable bio-based epoxy.
El estado inka en el valle de Acarí de la costa sur del Perú
Authors: Valdez Lidio M.
Published: August 2024

Until recently, it was thought that the Inka state’s interference in regions that accep- ted peaceful incorporation was minimal. It was argued that beyond the provincial cen- ters established by the Cusco rulers, Inka interference was almost negligible, apparently because the state did not see it necessary to interfere with a population that accepted his presence. Recent archaeological research carried out in the Acarí Valley on the south coast of Peru shows that the Inka occupation resulted in significant changes, such as the establishment of new settlements, to which the local people appear to have been relocated. Thus, the new evidence demonstrates that people who did not offer any resistance to the Inka expansion were affected by the decisions adopted by the Cusco authorities.
Los "antiguos peruanos" de la antropología americana: la arqueología de los Andes del siglo XIX como nexo de investigación global
Authors: Heaney Christopher
Published: August 2024

Between 1820 and 1920, American anthropologists acquired more human remains of Andean origin than those of any other individual population worldwide. This article explains why in 1965 in the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History, anthropologists represented the growth of all humanity using 160 Andean skulls. Using archival sources, it argues that the excavation and interpretation of Andean ancestors in Peru prior to 1900 was foundational to the development of Americanist anthropology as a whole, and should be understood as the necessary preface to the more famous development of archaeology in Peru under Uhle and Tello. Exploration of this history is necessary in light of recent efforts in the United States to return or repatriate ancestral remains to source communities.
Estudio de los procesos de la emancipación peruana en las aulas escolares bajo el contexto de la emergencia sanitaria 2020-2021
Authors: Castro Olivas Jorge Luis
Published: August 2024

Based on a reflection on the reduced place of national history in the official educational proposal, the contents that appear in school textbooks on the processes that led to the Peruvian emancipation are analyzed, as well as the difficulties related to the development of virtual classes as a consequence of the health emergency. The centralism of the official educational proposal, despite some efforts to influence regional processes, is also mentioned. A brief account of what has already been said on the subject is presented, reflecting on the concrete problems of teachers, such as the difficulty to access, renew or improve their classroom materials, and also commenting on the problems of students in the classroom and outside it, such as poor connectivity, emotional problems at family and individual level and the eventual school dropout, situations that were aggravated by the usual disdain of the State.
Aproximación a la relevancia del aprendizaje solidario para el abordaje de la desigualdad de género en la educación peruana
Authors: Pinto Tello Alezandra Luz
Published: August 2024

En este artículo, se desarrollará cómo el enfoque de aprendizaje solidario puede ser el enfoque necesario para generar beneficios a largo plazo, en el ámbito educativo, con relación a la desigualdad de género en el contexto peruano. En primer lugar, se fundamenta el panorama sobre la cuestión de género en la educación peruana y, posteriormente, se explica cómo el enfoque de aprendizaje solidario puede contribuir a partir de sus herramientas. De esta manera, se concluye que la educación peruana es el ámbito en el que la discusión y vivencia sobre la ciudadanía favorece el desarrollo de competencias cívicas que coinciden con el modelo de participación que se promueven gracias a los elementos metodológicos del aprendizaje solidario.
25 years of publishing "Knygotyra"
Authors: Stonienė Vanda
Published: August 2024

The first volume of "Knygotyra" ("Book Science") was published in 1961 under the title "Bibliotekininkystės ir bibliografijos klausimai" ("Aspects of Librarianship and Bibliography"). From 1970 onwards (beginning with volume 8), it adopted the new title "Knygotyra," along with a new double numbering system—1(8). Starting from volume 8(15), the publication was divided into two separate thematic editions: the first focused on historical subjects, and the latter on modern problems of bibliology, librarianship, bibliography, and informatics.
During its 25 years of publication history, "Knygotyra" has published 256 research articles, 35 archival documents, and 25 book reviews. Most contributors to the edition come from the scientific and teaching staff of Vilnius State University and the main libraries of Lithuania. Additionally, contributors include individuals from Latvia, Estonia, Belarus, East Germany (GDR), Moscow, and Leningrad (the contributors are listed in Tables No. 1 and 2, with the subject index in Table No. 3).
The greatest attention in the publication has been given to the history of the Lithuanian book. Future editions should focus more on the problems of book functioning in society, analysis of the external appearance of books, statistics, etc.
In Lithuania, "Knygotyra" was a pioneer in publishing articles on informatics and information activities. Not only librarians and book science researchers, but also historians and literary critics, have shown repeated interest in the archival documents published in "Knygotyra." The publication of archival documents should be expanded, as should book reviewing.
"Knygotyra" is available in any Lithuanian library. Additionally, the Department of Exchange at the Vilnius University Library distributes it to 87 libraries across the Soviet Union and foreign countries. It is regularly sent to 34 libraries in socialist countries and 12 other foreign countries (including 10 libraries in the USA).
About the publication of "the Russian-Lithuanian calendar" for 1873-1876
Authors: Merkys Vytautas
Published: August 2024

Until now, it was incorrectly stated that the Calendar was published periodically for 1873-1876 (compiled by I. Kretchinskij). As far as we know, not a single copy of this Calendar has been preserved (a slight mention in a Milovidov booklet from 1908 remains the basis of this article).
Supplementary data were found in archives (the records of the Educational Guardian of the Vilnius district and others). It was proven that the Calendar was prepared for print in 1873 (and likely published), but on the other hand, its further publication was discontinued.
Bibliography and research of the press of the Communist Party of Lithuania of 1917-1940
Authors: Zaveckieenė Žiedūnė
Published: August 2024

The press of the Communist Party of Lithuania from 1917 to 1940 holds a significant place in the history of Lithuanian press. The scope of this research is quite extensive, covering about 1,100 books and booklets, 413 periodicals, and several thousand appeals. The research on this subject began in 1947. Currently, more than 10 researchers are actively working on this topic. Hundreds of articles dedicated to this subject have been published in selected scientific works such as "Book Research" ("Knygotyra"), "The Problems of the LCP History" ("LKP istorijos klausimai"), and "Journalistics" ("Žurnalistika"). About 8 theses have been defended, but only a small portion of this material has been published—just 2 works, and not completely.
The main peculiarity of this research is the use of both bibliographical and historical approaches. The most intensive work of this kind began in the 1960s and was further developed in the 1980s, culminating in the bibliographical works "The Press of the CP of Lithuania 1917-1940. Volumes 1-2." The problems surrounding the publication of the classics of Marxism-Leninism are analyzed in separate, more detailed articles. The primary challenge at present is to generalize the history of the CP press of Lithuania in a monographic study.
Handschriftliche Literatur in Latgale in der zweiten halbte des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Apinis Aleksejs
Published: August 2024

Während der Periode des Druckverbotes 1865–1904 blühte in Latgale (Lettgallen - östlicher Teil Lettlands) die von Bauern geschaffene Literatur in Form von handgeschriebenen Büchern auf. Sie enthielten ein kollektives anonymes, von einer Gegend zur anderen zirkulierendes Repertoire – originale sowie von gedruckten Büchern abgeschriebene, übersetzte oder lokalisierte Werke. Viele davon gingen später in neuere Schichten der Folklore über (oder sie sind aus dieser Quelle geschöpft worden). Ein großer Teil dieser handgeschriebenen Bücher ist religiösen Inhalts. Literarisches Interesse ließ die von Folkloreelementen und volkstümlicher Auffassung durchdrungenen geistlichen Lieder hervor. Die Literatur weltlichen Inhalts besteht fast ausschließlich aus Poesie – Liedern und Gedichten. Dominierend sind didaktische Motive, Natur, alltägliches Leben und Arbeit des Bauern; Humor und auch dunkle Seiten der menschlichen Existenz fehlen nicht. Es gibt auch Lieder über böse Adelige – Ausbeuter der Bauern. Über diesem kollektiven Hintergrund ragen zwei Persönlichkeiten mit ausgeprägteren Charakterzügen hervor. Andrivs Jūrdžs strebt nach dem Ausdruck individuellen Gefühls, er übernimmt in seine Bücher manche Elemente der „großen“ Literatur anderer Teile Lettlands. Piters Migliniks drückt bewussten Protest gegen soziale Ungerechtigkeit aus. Die Verfasser der handschriftlichen Literatur in Latgale vertreten ihre eigene, von offiziellem Standpunkt unabhängige Weltauffassung; sie bringen ihr alltägliches Leben auf die Höhe der literarischen Darstellung und der großen Gesetzmäßigkeiten.
Information-bibliographical service of scientific and technical problem of „Application of protective coatings as well as protective and decorative metal coatings"
Authors: Varnienė Regina
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of information models dealing with the problem of the application of protective coatings as well as protective and decorative metal coatings.
Results of investigations reveal the subject structure of the problem, display the core of scientific and industrial journals, and define bibliographical manuals and databases. Based on the developed models, a structure for a problem-oriented data bank is suggested.
A probational experiment on directing citizens of Vilnius to libraries and its preliminary results
Authors: Rimša Vytautas
Published: August 2024

A series of experiments on directing town people to libraries was carried out under the program of sociological-psychological research on the theme "The role of libraries in developing and satisfying professional and spiritual interests of young workers." Between October 1, 1981, and December 31, 1981, a test experiment was carried out in 23 departments of the Vilnius Central Library and its branches. Its purpose was to ascertain the importance of a newspaper announcement in the form of an invitation/information in directing young workers and other categories of readers to libraries.
The total data accumulated over the experimental and pre-experimental control period (1980) covered 3,263 working days, 10,372 new readers (of whom 2,112 were workers), and 143,157 visits to the library.
The preliminary results of the analysis of the general tendencies in the development of these processes have shown that the announcement had a practical impact in the communication system "Newspaper - reader - library." The announcement had particularly enhanced the dynamics of these processes: over the period of the experiment, the direction of workers to libraries increased by 8.49 percent, the number of new readers by 16.99 percent, and the number of visits to the library by 15.77 percent, as compared with the pre-experimental control period.
Besides, the experiment has tested in practice and confirmed the correctness of the methodological conception underlying it as well as its technological model.
The bookplates of the fund of Lituanica of the 18th century at the library of Lithuanian academy of science
Authors: Braziūnienė Alma
Published: August 2024

This article is the sequel to the article "The Bookplates of the Fund of Lituanica of the 17th Century at the Library of Lithuanian Academy of Science."
There are 6,524 books with 1,883 bookplates in the Fund of Lituanica of the 18th century. All of them were registered in the bookplates card index while recataloguing the fund.
The first large group of all bookplates comprises manuscript inscriptions (provenancial, memorial, and dedicational). There are 613 of them. Provenancial ones make up 90% of all inscriptions. Those of monastery libraries make up only 10% of all inscriptions. This is different from the 17th-century books, where monastery inscriptions used to predominate.
The second large group of bookplates consists of ex-librises, superex-librises, and book stamps. There are 1,267 of them, which is twice as many as manuscript inscriptions. It's natural because every inscription is unique, while bookplates of the second group can be easily multiplied.
After reviewing all the 18th-century bookplates of Lituanica, the formation of this fund becomes clear. It was completed by mechanically selecting books published in the 18th century. Any larger private or library collections are not dominant. Inscriptions of solitary persons make up the majority in this fund.
This review of bookplates is material that will help in studies of book history and especially in studying the history of libraries of Lithuania, their dispersion, and the history of book travel.
"Lietuviškoji enciklopedija"ir "Žymesnybių žodynas": leidimo problemos
Authors: Glosienė Audronė
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается история издания литовской энциклопедии (ЛЭ) в сороковые годы XX века. Это была первая энциклопедия в истории литовской книги. На основе анализа архивных документов, переписки деятелей культуры и духовенства, публикаций в периодической печати рассмотрены первые попытки литовской интеллигенции издать энциклопедию в 1910-1912 гг.
Констатируется, что главным препятствием, не позволившим осуществить издание энциклопедии в начале века, были разногласия представителей католической церкви (в лице А. Шлятаса и З. Дамбровскаса) и созданной в США религиозной группы (издатель А. Швянчюнас, редактор К. Юргянинс), которые отказались подчиняться церковной цензуре. Мировоззренческие противоречия вновь обострились и дали о себе знать, когда Литовская католическая академия наук решила подготовить к изданию «Биографический словарь знаменитостей», энциклопедическое издание, ограничивающееся охватом биографий церковных деятелей.
В то же время союз культурных организаций заявил о подготовке Литовской энциклопедии. Концепция этого издания была широкой, имела энциклопедический универсальный характер. Однако, организация работы была не скоординирована, поэтому редакторы ЛЭ и представители католической академии наук после переговоров согласились объединить усилия. Был создан координационный редакционный комитет, в который вошли представители различных направлений и мировоззрений.
Главным редактором работы был профессор Вацловас Биржишка, заместителями редактора - профессоры Миколас Биржишка и Пранцишкус Довядайтис. Объединение интеллектуальных и организационных усилий позволило получить результаты - издание 9 томов и начало 10 тома, что являлось важным реформаторским изданием, отражающим уровень развития науки, культуры и книжного дела довоенной Литвы.