bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics, Seasonality, and Secondary Formation Processes of Diacids and Related Compounds in Fine Aerosols During Warm and Cold Periods: Year‐Round Observations at Tianjin, North China
Authors: Li Peisen , Pavuluri Chandra Mouli , Dong Zhichao , Xu Zhanjie , Wang Yu , Fu Pingqing , Liu Cong‐Qiang
Published: November 2021

To better understand the characteristics and sources of water‐soluble organic aerosols (OA) under different weather conditions, we collected fine aerosols (PM2.5) at an urban (ND) and a suburban (HEP) sites in Tianjin, North China over a 1‐year period and studied for diacids, oxoacids, and α‐dicarbonyls. Oxalic acid was found to be the most abundant (55.8 %± 10.7% at ND and 60.7% ± 13.0%) species during the campaign, followed by succinic and malonic acids, except for winter, in which phthalic acid was the third most abundant species at both the sites. Glyoxylic acid was found to be the most abundant (∼42%) oxoacids. Concentrations of diacids (range: 96.0–2137 ng m−3 at ND and 185–1227 ng m−3 at HEP) and related compounds were much higher in winter and lower in summer. Whereas the mass fractions of total diacids in PM2.5 and their carbon contents in TC, OC, and WSOC were 2–3 times higher in summer than that in winter. Based on seasonal variations in mass ratios, relative abundances and linear relations of selected marker species including nss‐K+, we found that water‐soluble OA over the Tianjin region were mainly derived from fossil fuel including coal combustion and biomass burning emissions and subsequent intensive photochemical processing in the atmosphere. The linear relations of diacids with ambient temperature, RH, SO42− and oxidants (O3 and NO2) and SO2 inferred that secondary formation and transformations of water‐soluble OA, particularly diacids and related compounds, in aqueous phase were more effective in cold period (October‐February), whereas in gas phase in warm period (March–September).
Quantitative Separation of Precipitation and Permafrost Waters Used for Evapotranspiration in a Boreal Forest: A Numerical Study Using Tracer Model
Authors: Park Hotaek , Tanoue Masahiro , Sugimoto Atsuko , Ichiyanagi Kimpei , Iwahana Go , Hiyama Tetsuya
Published: November 2021

Arctic precipitation (PG) that occurs as rainfall (Prain) or snowfall (Psnow) depending on the prevailing climatic conditions results in seasonally specific hydrological events. Climate change can affect the PG‐ and permafrost‐originated water (Pice) regimes, resulting in change to ecohydrological processes. However, the relative influences of source waters (i.e., Prain, Psnow, and Pice) on terrestrial hydrological processes have not yet been fully established. Here, we report the development and implementation of a numerical water tracer model designed to quantify changes in the storages and fluxes of the source waters and the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic tracers associated with hydrometeorological events. The presented tracer model was used to illustrate the spatiotemporal variability of the tracers in the surface–subsurface system of a deciduous needleleaf boreal forest and to separate the contribution rates of the tracer waters to evapotranspiration (ET). Although Psnow accounted for 22%–57% of ET and the subcomponents, the contribution rates to soil evaporation and transpiration were significant only during spring. The major source water for soil moisture was Prain, which accounted for 69.2% of ET and showed an increasing trend during 1980–2016. Additionally, Prain also accounted for 77.2% of transpiration. Under the present conditions of warming permafrost, Pice demonstrated negligibly low impact on ET. The tracer model was shown capable of quantifying the contribution rates of tracer waters to ET, highlighting the advantages of the tracer model for a similar quantitative separation regarding future climate change.
Mean Squared Error, Deconstructed
Authors: Hodson Timothy O. , Over Thomas M. , Foks Sydney S.
Published: November 2021

As science becomes increasingly cross‐disciplinary and scientific models become increasingly cross‐coupled, standardized practices of model evaluation are more important than ever. For normally distributed data, mean squared error (MSE) is ideal as an objective measure of model performance, but it gives little insight into what aspects of model performance are “good” or “bad.” This apparent weakness has led to a myriad of specialized error metrics, which are sometimes aggregated to form a composite score. Such scores are inherently subjective, however, and while their components may be interpretable, the composite itself is not. We contend that, a better approach to model benchmarking and interpretation is to decompose MSE into interpretable components. To demonstrate the versatility of this approach, we outline some fundamental types of decomposition and apply them to predictions at 1,021 streamgages across the conterminous United States from three streamflow models. Through this demonstration, we hope to show that each component in a decomposition represents a distinct concept, like “season” or “variability,” and that simple decompositions can be combined to represent more complex concepts, like “seasonal variability,” creating an expressive language through which to interrogate models and data.
Provenance of the Paleozoic to Mesozoic Siliciclastic Rocks of the Istanbul Zone Constrains the Timing of the Rheic Ocean Closure in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Akdoğan Remziye , Hu Xiumian , Okay Aral I. , Topuz Gültekin , Xue Weiwei
Published: November 2021

The Intra‐Pontide Suture between the Istanbul and Sakarya zones was regarded debatably either as a Neotethyan Suture or a trace of the Rheic Suture in Turkey. Here, we present U‐Pb ages and Lu‐Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircons from the Silurian to Triassic sandstones of the Istanbul Zone. Upper Silurian‐Lower Devonian sandstone is dominated by Mesoproterozoic zircons (1950–900 Ma), with subordinate peaks at the latest Neoproterozoic to Silurian (750–420 Ma) and mid‐Archean (2850–2750 Ma) confirming their Avalonian affinity. Detrital zircon ages from Carboniferous‐Triassic sandstones show major peaks at Carboniferous‐Early Permian (360–270 Ma) and Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian (750–480 Ma) while Mesoproterozoic zircons are insignificant. The εHf(t) values of the detrital zircons exhibit a wide range from −21.3 to +11.7, and over 62% of zircon grains have negative values, largely coinciding with those of the Paleozoic igneous rocks in the Sakarya Zone. The Istanbul Zone is devoid of Carboniferous igneous and/or metamorphic rocks. Therefore, abundant Carboniferous zircons and the disappearance of the Mesoproterozoic zircons in the Carboniferous‐Triassic sandstones of the Istanbul Zone require juxtaposition with a continental domain similar to the Sakarya and Strandja zones, which are characterized by widespread Carboniferous magmatism. We suggest that the Intra‐Pontide Suture represents the trace of the Rheic Suture in Turkey, along which Avalonia and Armorica collided during the Early Carboniferous.
Microglial ERK-NRBP1-CREB-BDNF signaling in sustained antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine
Authors: Yao Wei , Cao Qianqian , Luo Shilin , He Lujuan , Yang Chun , Chen Jiaxu , Qi Qi , Hashimoto Kenji , Zhang Ji-chun
Published: November 2021

(R,S)-ketamine elicits rapid-acting and sustained antidepressant actions in treatment-resistant patients with depression. (R)-ketamine produces longer-lasting antidepressant effects than (S)-ketamine in rodents; however, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine remain unknown. Using isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantification, we identified nuclear receptor-binding protein 1 (NRBP1) that could contribute to different antidepressant-like effects of the two enantiomers in chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model. NRBP1 was localized in the microglia and neuron, not astrocyte, of mouse medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). (R)-ketamine increased the expression of NRBP1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB)/CREB ratio in primary microglia cultures thorough the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Furthermore, (R)-ketamine could activate BDNF transcription through activation of CREB as well as MeCP2 (methyl-CpG binding protein 2) suppression in microglia. Single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of CREB-DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotides (CREB-HDO) or BDNF exon IV-HDO blocked the antidepressant-like effects of (R)-ketamine in CSDS susceptible mice. Moreover, microglial depletion by colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX3397 blocked the antidepressant-like effects of (R)-ketamine in CSDS susceptible mice. In addition, inhibition of microglia by single i.c.v. injection of mannosylated clodronate liposomes (MCLs) significantly blocked the antidepressant-like effects of (R)-ketamine in CSDS susceptible mice. Finally, single i.c.v. injection of CREB-HDO, BDNF exon IV-HDO or MCLs blocked the beneficial effects of (R)-ketamine on the reduced dendritic spine density in the mPFC of CSDS susceptible mice. These data suggest a novel ERK-NRBP1-CREB-BDNF pathways in microglia underlying antidepressant-like effects of (R)-ketamine.
Abnormal synergistic gait mitigation in acute stroke using an innovative ankle–knee–hip interlimb humanoid robot: a preliminary randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Chanhee , Oh-Park Mooyeon , Bialek Amy , Friel Kathleen , Edwards Dylan , You Joshua Sung H.
Published: November 2021

Abnormal spasticity and associated synergistic patterns are the most common neuromuscular impairments affecting ankle–knee–hip interlimb coordinated gait kinematics and kinetics in patients with hemiparetic stroke. Although patients with hemiparetic stroke undergo various treatments to improve gait and movement, it remains unknown how spasticity and associated synergistic patterns change after robot-assisted and conventional treatment. We developed an innovative ankle–knee–hip interlimb coordinated humanoid robot (ICT) to mitigate abnormal spasticity and synergistic patterns. The objective of the preliminary clinical trial was to compare the effects of ICT combined with conventional physical therapy (ICT-C) and conventional physical therapy and gait training (CPT-G) on abnormal spasticity and synergistic gait patterns in 20 patients with acute hemiparesis. We performed secondary analyses aimed at elucidating the biomechanical effects of Walkbot ICT on kinematic (spatiotemporal parameters and angles) and kinetic (active force, resistive force, and stiffness) gait parameters before and after ICT in the ICT-C group. The intervention for this group comprised 60-min conventional physical therapy plus 30-min robot-assisted training, 7 days/week, for 2 weeks. Significant biomechanical effects in knee joint kinematics; hip, knee, and ankle active forces; hip, knee, and ankle resistive forces; and hip, knee, and ankle stiffness were associated with ICT-C. Our novel findings provide promising evidence for conventional therapy supplemented by robot-assisted therapy for abnormal spasticity, synergistic, and altered biomechanical gait impairments in patients in the acute post-stroke recovery phase.

Trial Registration: Clinical Trials.gov identifier NCT03554642 (14/01/2020).
Developing water, energy, and food sustainability performance indicators for agricultural systems
Authors: Zarei Soheila , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Singh Vijay P. , Loáiciga Hugo A.
Published: November 2021

Water use by the agricultural sector along with inefficient irrigation methods and climate change has led to the depletion and insecurity of water resources and consequent instability of the agricultural system. Defining benchmarks and comparing them is essential for sustainable system management performance. The sustainability performance of an agricultural system depends on various factors related to water, energy, and food. This study selects and ranks sustainability performance indicators (SPIs) of agricultural systems with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Expert opinions on agricultural sustainability were obtained from Iran’s Regional Water Organization. The factors and variables affecting the management of water resources in agricultural systems in a basin area are evaluated with 17 SPIs (10 indicators of water resources sustainability, 3 energy sustainability indicators, and 4 food sustainability indicators) that measure the sustainability of agricultural systems. The AHP reduced the number of indicators to a small number of effective indicators. Results of pairwise comparison and the subsequent determination of the weight of each indicator show that the indicators of water consumption, groundwater level stability, vulnerability of water resources, and water stress have the largest weights (i.e., importance) for agricultural system sustainability at the basin scale. These selected indicators can be applied to agricultural water systems (AWSs).
Association between ADAMTS13 deficiency and cardiovascular events in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Hung Shih-Yuan , Lin Tsun-Mei , Liou Hung-Hsiang , Chen Ching-Yang , Liao Wei-Ting , Wang Hsi-Hao , Ho Li-Chun , Wu Ching-Fang , Lee Yi-Che , Chang Min-Yu
Published: November 2021

A mild decrease of ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospodin type 1 motif 13) could attribute to stroke and coronary heart disease in general population. However, the role of ADAMTS13 in hemodialysis (HD) patients remains to be explored. This cross-sectional and observational cohort study enrolled 98 chronic HD patients and 100 normal subjects with the aims to compare the ADAMTS13 activity between chronic HD patients and normal subjects, and to discover the role of ADAMTS13 on the newly developed cardiovascular events for HD patients in a 2-year follow-up. Our HD patients had a significantly lower ADAMTS13 activity than normal subjects, 41.0 ± 22.8% versus 102.3 ± 17.7%,p < 0.001. ADAMTS13 activity was positively correlated with diabetes, triglyceride and hemoglobin A1c, and negatively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in HD patients. With a follow-up of 20.3 ± 7.3 months, the Cox proportional hazards model revealed that low ADAMTS13, comorbid diabetes, and coronary heart diseases have independent correlations with the development of cardiovascular events. Our study demonstrated that chronic HD patients have a markedly decreased ADAMTS13 activity than normal subjects. Although ADAMTS13 seems to correlate well with diabetes, high triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, ADAMTS13 deficiency still carries an independent risk for cardiovascular events in chronic HD patients.
Structural characterisation methods for supramolecular chemistry that go beyond crystallography
Authors: Geue Niklas , Winpenny Richard E. P. , Barran Perdita E.
Published: November 2021

In this tutorial review, we present an introduction to structural characterisation techniques commonly used for non-crystalline supramolecular compounds and discuss their application based on recent case studies.
Contrasteric coupling of allenes and tetrahydroisoquinolines by iron-catalysed allenic C(sp2)–H functionalisation
Authors: Xia Yue , Wade Nicholas W. , Palermo Philip N. , Wang Yidong , Wang Yi-Ming
Published: November 2021

An iron-catalysed C–H functionalisation of simple monosubstituted allenes for the synthesis of 1-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl 1,1-disubstituted allenes is reported.
Isotypic lanthanide–organic frameworks and scintillating films with colour-tunable X-ray radioluminescence for imaging applications
Authors: Gu Qi , Wang Wenqian , Lu Hao , Chen Xi , Wang Shuaihua , Wu Shaofan
Published: November 2021

A lanthanide–organic framework with excellent scintillating performance shows a great imaging effect (9.5 lp mm−1@MTF20%) on crab bones under X-rays.
Physical properties of {Ti,Zr,Hf}2Ni2Sn compounds
Authors: Romaka V. V. , Rogl G. , Buršíková V. , Buršík J. , Michor H. , Grytsiv A. , Bauer E. , Giester G. , Rogl P.
Published: November 2021

Electrical resistivity (4.2–800 K), Seebeck coefficient (300–800 K), specific heat (2–110 K), Vickers hardness, elastic moduli (RT) were defined for single-phase nonstoichiometric compounds: Ti2.13Ni2Sn0.87, Zr2.025Ni2Sn0.975, and Hf2.055Ni2Sn0.945.
Laser-assisted high-performance PtRu alloy for pH-universal hydrogen evolution
Authors: Pang Beibei , Liu Xiaokang , Liu Tianyang , Chen Tao , Shen Xinyi , Zhang Wei , Wang Sicong , Liu Tong , Liu Dong , Ding Tao , Liao Zhaoliang , Li Yafei , Liang Changhao , Yao Tao
Published: November 2021

Identification of local environmental changes around Pt single atoms by operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed the increase of the PtRu alloying degree during the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Rapid mass production of iron nickel oxalate nanorods for efficient oxygen evolution reaction catalysis
Authors: Hu Huixia , Lei Xiang , Li Shumei , Peng Ruzhen , Wang Jinliang
Published: November 2021

Using a coprecipitation method we synthesized an oxalate, which has a good catalytic performance for oxygen evolution in an alkaline electrolyte. This method can efficiently synthesize a large number of electrocatalysts in a short time.
Serum proteins on nanoparticles: early stages of the “protein corona”
Authors: McColman Sarah , Li Rui , Osman Selena , Bishop Amanda , Wilkie Kathleen P. , Cramb David T.
Published: November 2021

Nanoparticles are studied with respect to serum albumin binding using a direct and quantitative approach. We find that protein binding saturation occurs at sub-monolayer surface coverage and attribute binding to surface chemistry heterogeneity.
Deep learning for the automation of particle analysis in catalyst layers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Authors: Colliard-Granero André , Batool Mariah , Jankovic Jasna , Jitsev Jenia , Eikerling Michael H. , Malek Kourosh , Eslamibidgoli Mohammad J.
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a deep learning-based approach to automate particle size analysis in the microscopy images of catalyst layers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
Nature-inspired micro/nanomotors
Authors: Chang Xiaocong , Feng Yiwen , Guo Bin , Zhou Dekai , Li Longqiu
Published: November 2021

We provide an overview of various nature-inspired micro/nanomotors through summarizing the natural morphology-inspired micro/nanomotors, natural structure-inspired micro/nanomotors and versatile micro/nanomotors with nature-inspired behaviors.
Characterization of the low energy conformations and differential reactivities of d-glucose and d-mannose based oxepines
Authors: Griesbach Caleb E. , Peczuh Mark W.
Published: November 2021

Low energy conformations of two carbohydrate-based oxepines were characterized by computational methods and 3JH,H coupling constant analysis. Oxepine reactivity in Ferrier reactions was correlated with percentage vinylogous anomeric effect (VAE).
D–A-Type fluorophores with efficient dual-state emission for imaging at ultralow concentration
Authors: Yu Fuqing , Zhao Haonan , Li Yingzhong , Xia Guomin , Wang Hongming
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate a D–A-type organic fluorophore with efficient dual-state emission and highlight its advantages in bioimaging applications.
Dynamic pattern selection in polymorphic elastocapillarity
Authors: Ha Jonghyun , Kim Yun Seong , Siu Ryan , Tawfick Sameh
Published: November 2021

Dynamic pattern selection in polymorphic elastocapillary of prismatic hair bundles having triangular, square, and pentagon cross section. We propose a mechanism for this pattern selection, and derive and validate relevant theoretical scaling laws.
Luminescent columnar discotics as highly efficient emitters in pure deep-blue OLEDs with an external quantum efficiency of 4.7%
Authors: De Joydip , Sarkar Ishan , Yadav Rohit Ashok Kumar , Bala Indu , Gupta Santosh Prasad , Siddiqui Iram , Jou Jwo-Huei , Pal Santanu Kumar
Published: November 2021

Development of luminescent room temperature columnar discotic liquid crystals as efficient deep-blue emitters in solution-processable OLEDs.
Beyond Percent Correct: Measuring Change in Individual Picture Naming Ability
Authors: Walker Grant M. , Basilakos Alexandra , Fridriksson Julius , Hickok Gregory
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

Meaningful changes in picture naming responses may be obscured when measuring accuracy instead of quality. A statistic that incorporates information about the severity and nature of impairments may be more sensitive to the effects of treatment.

Method:

We analyzed data from repeated administrations of a naming test to 72 participants with stroke aphasia in a clinical trial for anomia therapy. Participants were divided into two groups for analysis to demonstrate replicability. We assessed reliability among response type scores from five raters. We then derived four summary statistics of naming ability and their changes over time for each participant: (a) the standard accuracy measure, (b) an accuracy measure adjusted for item difficulty, (c) an accuracy measure adjusted for item difficulty for specific response types, and (d) a distance measure adjusted for item difficulty for specific response types. While accuracy measures address the likelihood of a correct response, the distance measure reflects that different response types range in their similarity to the target. Model fit was assessed. The frequency of significant improvements and the average magnitude of improvements for each summary statistic were compared between treatment groups and a control group. Effect sizes for each model-based statistic were compared with the effect size for the standard accuracy measure.

Results:

Interrater and intrarater reliability were near perfect, on average, though compromised somewhat by phonological-level errors. The effects of treatment were more evident, in terms of both frequency and magnitude, when using the distance measure versus the other accuracy statistics.

Conclusions:

Consideration of item difficulty and response types revealed additional effects of treatment on naming scores beyond those observed for the standard accuracy measure. The results support theories that assume naming ability is decomposable into subabilities rather than being monolithic, suggesting new opportunities for measuring treatment outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17019515
The prevalence of extended spectrum bêta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated in wastewater in relation to patients hospitalized in the city of Meknes in Morocco
Authors: Ouarrak Khadija , Chahlaoui Abdelkader , El Omari Hajar , Taha Imane , Sammoudi Rachid , Kharroubi Adel , Taouraout Aziz
Published: November 2021

The present study was conducted to better understand the specific contingency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from urban waters of Wadi Ouislane of the city of Meknes, compared to isolates from patients hospitalized in the resuscitation department at Mohamed V Hospital in Meknes, Morocco. These antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become ubiquitous in effluents, creating increasing concern about their potential impact on human and animal health and the environment. We took four samples of wastewater representative of a day, effluents of the wadi Ouislane. They were analyzed for indicator germs of fecal pollution, namely total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC). Bacteria were enumerated by the dilution-filtration technique and by incorporation in solid medium in supercooling. However, four bacteriological samples, taken for clinical purposes from hospitalized patients, were performed at the medical analysis laboratory of Mohamed V Hospital in Meknes. Analysis of our results showed that ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria isolated from our effluents had the same antibiotic resistance profiles as those from hospitalized patients. Urban wastewater discharges into the environment contribute to the dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli that may pose health risks to the population.
Hookah smoking among young people in Bamako
Authors: Diara Abdourahamane , Diallo Tidiane , Coulibaly Cheick Abou , Coulibaly Sanou Khô , Coulibaly Abdoul Karim , Hami Hinde , Soulaymani Abdelmajid , Maïga Ababacar
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In Mali, shisha has become the most common form of tobacco consumption, which is not without danger for the consumer health. The aim of this study was to assess the consumption level of shisha among young people in the District of Bamako. Methods: This was a prospective study from March 2019 to March 2020. A total of 200 young shisha smokers aged 40 or under were included in this study. Results: The male sex was predominant, with 75% of cases. The majority, or 81.5%, were under the age of 25. According to study data, 26% of respondents said they smoke shisha at least once a day. Over a quarter of cases reported concurrent use of two or more addictive substances. The most common association was with alcohol (13%), cannabis (9%) and cocaine (4.5%). According to the results, 69% of respondents thought that shisha is less harmful than cigarettes. Conclusion: Consumption of shisha has grown considerably in Mali in recent years. This study has highlighted a new form of multiple drug addiction, which could be harmful to the health of consumers. Thus, the authorities concerned must take appropriate measures to combat this scourge.
Device for integrated diagnostics of mining machines triboelements
Authors: Gorlov I , Ivanov S , Knyazkina V , Iakupov D
Published: November 2021

This article presents the results of multiple-conditions wear-resistance tests for the antifriction bearings that are used in a milling tool. The test was performed on a one-fifth milling tool model. The tests were divided into three stages. The first testing stage included tests of a model with a new undamaged bearing. The second stage included tests of a model with a bearing that is worn out by approximately 50%. The third stage included tests of a model with a completely worn out antifriction bearing. Along with vibroacoustic tests, we measured the temperatures of the tested triboelement. In this article, we provide amplitude-frequency values of vibroacoustic signals recorded during the tests of a model with an undamaged antifriction bearing, a bearing with 50% worn-out extent, and 100% worn-out bearing. Appropriate resistance levels of complex machine elements cannot be achieved without systems of triboelements condition control. We suggest attaching temperature and vibroacoustic sensors to the critical elements of a peat winning machine that provide data for integral analysis of triboelemets condition and prevent failures when damage is recorded. Integral analysis of the technical condition of the main triboelements will allow performing the highly precise prognosis of the remaining life of a peat-winning machine, thus preventing failures in peat mining seasons.
Logistics model for selecting road sections of a mining enterprise for equipping them with automated traffic control tools
Authors: Afanasyev Aleksandr , Egoshin Aleksey , Alekseev Sergey
Published: November 2021

The proposed model allows us to determine the sections and objects on the roads of mining enterprises that operate in the most intensive mode, in order to equip them with automated traffic control tools. The model is based on the logistic method of ABC and XYZ analysis, which allows determining such objects and areas with sufficient accuracy. In addition, the scientific novelty of this model is the choice of technical means not by two parameters, as in the classical logistics model, but by three. In addition, this model offers to determine the optimal number of technical means of traffic control, taking into account their cost and the required reliability. When optimizing the number of technical means of traffic control on the roads of mining enterprises, a linear programming model was used that minimizes the target function of total costs, taking into account the required reliability of technical means, while limiting their number used in performing traffic control tasks. The original distribution of technical means for the tasks of traffic control on the roads of mining enterprises is proposed.
Recording gear-type pump acoustic signals for assessing the hydraulic oil impurity level in a hydraulic excavator transmission
Authors: Ivanov Sergey , Knyazkina Valeriya , Myakotnykh Alina
Published: November 2021

Mechanization and development of mining machines increase the importance of maintenance quality of working bodies and the machines themselves. This requires implementing improvements in technical maintenance processes. Improving technical maintenance implies the implementation of condition monitored maintenance that also allows real-time monitoring of the technical status. As hydraulic oil pollution is one of the major causes of breakdowns, it is recommended to implement oil pollution monitoring methods that will allow estimating the real-time oil pollution level. Today, sampling is the most widespread method of pollution level control. This method is time-consuming and that is why there are many attempts to devise new methods of monitoring the real-time oil pollution level. One of such methods includes recording of the acoustic-emission signal. In this work, we suggested that increase in transmission oil pollution level leads to increase in acoustic-emission signal in 20-300 kHz range. This increase in the acoustic level will indicate the pollution of oil with solid particles and alert the maintenance crew of the necessity of replacing the oil. This method allows real-time monitoring the hydraulic oil condition not associated with high labor, time, or economic costs.
Study of freight control systems for Arctic regions
Authors: Grigoryan Martin , Antipov Evgenii
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the main results of the study of the cargo delivery control system in the Arctic zone. The authors hypothesized the need to generate information about the disadvantages of the cargo delivery control system in order to select and make effective decisions on changing this system. It is determined that the current control system has a number of problems that impede the management of cargo transportation, which require identification and updating of organizational and economic methods for their elimination due to the special interest in the Arctic at the current stage of its development. The study utilized the methods of applied sociology – the method of expert assessment with subsequent processing. A score scale with verbal characteristic was introduced, the use of which by expert respondents made it possible to quantify the significance of the disadvantages of the cargo delivery control system in the Arctic zone. The survey was conducted among experts from among forwarding operators carrying out specialized activities in the region, according to a pre-formed questionnaire. The results of the study show that the control quality is declining, as well as that the problems of controlling the cargo delivery to the Arctic zone are now quite relevant. The paper concludes on the need to develop organizational and economic methods to control the delivery of goods to the Arctic zone. Organizational and economic methods are proposed, in particular, the formation of a single transport operator of the Northern Supply Haul and a self-regulatory organization of forwarding operators.
Optimization of product line considering compatibility and reliabilityviadiscrete imperialist competitive algorithm
Authors: Liu Chunfeng , Yang Xiao , Wang Jufeng
Published: November 2021

In the era of mass customization, designing optimal products is one of the most critical decision-making for a company to stay competitive. More and more customers like customized products, which will bring challenges to the product line design and the production. If a company adopts customers’ favorite levels, this may lead to lower product reliability, or incompatibility among the components that make up the product. Moreover, it is worth outsourcing certain attribute levels to reduce production cost, but customers may dislike these levels because of their delivery delay. If managers consider the compatibility issue, the quality issue, outsource determination, and the delivery due date in the product design and production stages, they will avoid unreasonable product configuration and many unnecessary expenses, thereby bringing benefits to the company. To solve this complicated problem, we establish a nonlinear program that maximizes Per-capita-contribution Margin considering Reliability Penalty. Since the integrated product line design and production problem is NP-hard, we propose an improved Discrete Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (DICA). The proposed DICA is compared with genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) through extensive numerical experiment, and the results show that DICA displays 6%~17% and 5%~14% improvement over GA and SA in terms of solution quality, respectively.
Priorities for the Development of Regional Information Management Based on System Digitalization
Authors: Kovalenko Yuliia , Zakharova Oksana , Yakusheva Oksana , Yakushev Oleksandr , Hulak Daniil , Kozlovska Svitlana
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the substantiation of regional information management development priorities based on the digitalisation system. The paper substantiates the sequence of managerial actions in the development of Ukraine’s economic digitalisation, taking into account existing changes in regional management, outlining the accumulated potential of science and practice, forming compliance with global progress of digitalisation and requiring a scientifically sound platform for regional information management. The directions of digitalisation intensification and information management development in Ukraine are formulated. The expediency of creating a specialised automated information system, the purpose of which should be to assess regional economic processes and prospects for their development in terms of economic growth, is substantiated. Requirements to information support of administrative activity in the system of regional management are formulated. The main tasks of information management support for the achievement of regional information management efficiency are defined.
Changes in the Structure of International Trade And Services in the Context of Tax Fraud and Tax Evasion
Authors: Korauš Antonín , Gombár Miroslav , Černák Filip
Published: November 2021

The EU and the Member States have been forced in recent years to take a stronger position against the growing trend of tax fraud, tax evasion, and tax avoidance. The EU legislative and non-legislative acts in this area have resulted from political attitudes, economic intentions, proposals, and compromises reached between the individual Member States, on the one hand, and the EU, on the other, in their effort to combat fraudulent behaviour in the taxation area. The fight against fraudulent behaviour in the taxation area, be it tax fraud, tax evasion or tax avoidance, has become a real global challenge not only for the EU and its Member States but also for the entire world. These are different forms and methods for misusing tax systems both within the EU and abroad. This paper is part of the project: “Electronic methods for detecting unusual business transactions in the business environment” (ITMS code: 313022W057), co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and also the project “VEGA1 / 0194/19 — Research on process-oriented financial management with a focus on to detect tax evasion in international trade”.
Can the EU be a federal democracy? Assessing the horizontal and vertical dimension of the EU government from comparative perspective
Authors: Sonnicksen Jared
Published: November 2021

The European Union remains an ambivalent polity. This uncertainty complicates the assessment of its democratic and federal quality. Drawing on comparative federalism research can contribute not only to making sense of whether, or rather which kind of federalism the EU has developed. It can also enable addressing such a compounded, but necessary inquiry into the federal and democratic character of the EU and how to ascertain whichtypeof democratic government for whichtypeof federal union may be appropriate. The article first elaborates a framework to assess the dimensions of federal and democratic government, drawing on comparative federalism research to delineate basic types of federal democracy. Here the democratic dimension of government is taken as referring primarily to thehorizontaldivision of powers (among ‘branches’) of government, the federal dimension to theverticaldivision of powers (among ‘levels’) of governments. The framework is applied to the government of the EU in order to gauge its own type(s) of division of power arrangements and the interlinkage between them. Finally, the discussion reflects on whether or rather how the EU could comprise afederal democracy, especially in light of recent crisis challenges and subsequent institutional developments in EU governance.
Sialyltransferase Inhibitors as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents
Authors: Skropeta Danielle , Dobie Christopher , Montgomery Andrew P. , Steele Harrison , Szabo Rémi , Yu Haibo
Published: November 2021

Sialic acid occupies a privileged position at the terminus of the glycan chain of many cell-surface glycoconjugates. Owing to both their structure and location, charged sialic acid residues mediate numerous critical interactions in cell–cell communication including cell recognition, invasion, migration, receptor binding, and immunological responses. Sialyltransferases (STs) are the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of sialylated glycans and are highly upregulated, up to 40–60 %, in a range of cancers, with tumour hypersialylation strongly correlated with both tumour progression and treatment resistance. Accordingly, inhibiting sialylation is currently being explored by several research groups worldwide as a potential new cancer treatment strategy. However, to progress small molecule ST inhibitors into the clinic, issues around selectivity, synthetic accessibility, and cell permeability need to be addressed. Using computationally guided design principles, we produced a leading series of ST inhibitors by replacing the cytidine nucleoside with uridine and substituting the charged phosphodiester linker with a carbamate or triazole moiety. Biological evaluation of the newly developed inhibitors was performed using commercially available human ST enzymes, with the Ki inhibition values of the lead compounds ranging from 1 to 20 µM. Compared with earlier generations of sialylation inhibitors, our inhibitors are non-toxic in a range of cell studies, with improved synthetic accessibility.
Determining the credibility, accuracy and comprehensiveness of websites educating consumers on complex regional pain syndrome accessible in Australia: a systematic review
Authors: Moore Emily , Stanton Tasha R. , Traeger Adrian , Moseley G. Lorimer , Berryman Carolyn
Published: November 2021

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a distressing and disabling pain condition. Many people with CRPS and the health professionals who treat them seek information about the condition via the Internet. The credibility, accuracy and comprehensiveness of online CRPS information remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the credibility, accuracy and comprehensiveness of information presented on freely accessible websites that aim to educate people about CRPS. Keyword searches were conducted on the Australian Google site, with ‘trustworthy’ websites included and critically appraised. Primary outcomes were recognised metrics of credibility (JAMA benchmark credibility criteria) and website accuracy (according to European CRPS guidelines). Comprehensiveness was assessed using the proportion of European CRPS guidelines covered by the websites. In all, 30 websites with 819 recommendations were critically appraised. Five (17%) websites met all credibility criteria; of the recommendations, 349 (43%) were accurate, 252 (31%) were inaccurate and 218 (26%) were unclear. For comprehensiveness, an average of 17% of general guidelines, 15% of therapeutic guidelines and 6% of medication/supplement guidelines were covered. Online information about CRPS available to Australians has low credibility, accuracy and comprehensiveness. Many website recommendations are inaccurate or unclear, and many websites endorse inappropriate treatments. There is an urgent need for accurate and comprehensive sources of CRPS information online.
A traveling-wave solution for bacterial chemotaxis with growth
Authors: Narla Avaneesh V. , Cremer Jonas , Hwa Terence
Published: November 2021

Significance

Motility is one of the most striking bacterial behaviors common among many species. Motile bacteria can expand rapidly into previously unoccupied habitats, thus increasing fitness. Fast expansion is fostered by the sensing of gradients which the bacteria generate themselves and is further boosted by cell growth. Here we analyze the integrated dynamics of these processes mathematically. The relations obtained provide an analytical description of the expansion process and its dependence on core bacterial and environmental characteristics, like the growth rate, the abundance of chemical attractants in the surroundings, and the detection limit of the attractants.
An implicit representation of stimulus ambiguity in pupil size
Authors: Graves Jackson E. , Egré Paul , Pressnitzer Daniel , de Gardelle Vincent
Published: November 2021

Significance

The perception of our environment usually comes with a sense of how uncertain or certain we are about what we perceive. In some cases, however, stimuli that are objectively ambiguous are not acknowledged as such, raising the question of whether uncertainty is not processed at all in these cases or whether instead, uncertainty signals might be computed but inaccessible to conscious awareness. Here, we show that the ambiguity of an auditory stimulus (measured through the variability of perceptual decisions over trials) is reflected in pupil dilation, despite participants being unaware of this ambiguity. This finding suggests that uncertainty signals in the brain are not always connected to conscious awareness.
Hippocampal neurons’ cytosolic and membrane-bound ribosomal transcript profiles are differentially regulated by learning and subsequent sleep
Authors: Delorme James , Wang Lijing , Kodoth Varna , Wang Yifan , Ma Jingqun , Jiang Sha , Aton Sara J.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Sleep loss disrupts consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory. To understand the cellular basis for this effect, we quantified RNAs associated with translating ribosomes in cytosol and on cellular membranes of different hippocampal neuron populations. Our analysis suggests that while sleep loss (but not learning) alters numerous ribosomal transcripts in cytosol, learning has dramatic effects on transcript profiles for less–well-characterized membrane-bound ribosomes. We demonstrate that postlearning sleep deprivation occludes already minimal learning-driven changes on cytosolic ribosomes. It simultaneously alters transcripts associated with metabolic and biosynthetic processes in membrane-bound ribosomes in excitatory hippocampal neurons and highly active, putative “engram” neurons, respectively. Together, these findings provide insights into the cellular mechanisms altered by learning and their disruption by subsequent sleep loss.
Stochastic rectification of fast oscillations on slow manifold closures
Authors: Chekroun Mickaël D. , Liu Honghu , McWilliams James C.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Slow–fast systems arise in many scientific applications, in particular in atmospheric and oceanic flows with fast inertia–gravity waves and slow geostrophic motions. When the slow and fast variables are strongly coupled—symptomatic of breakdown of slow-to-fast scales deterministic parameterizations—it remains a challenge to derive reduced systems able to capture the dynamics. Here, generic ingredients for successful reduction of such systems are identified and illustrated for the paradigmatic atmospheric Lorenz 80 model. The approach relies on a filtering operated through a nonlinear parameterization that separates the full dynamics into its slow motion and fast residual dynamics. The latter is mainly orthogonal to the former and is modeled via networks of stochastic nonlinear oscillators, independent of the slow dynamics.
Three-dimensional virtual histology of the human hippocampus based on phase-contrast computed tomography
Authors: Eckermann Marina , Schmitzer Bernhard , van der Meer Franziska , Franz Jonas , Hansen Ove , Stadelmann Christine , Salditt Tim
Published: November 2021

Significance

We demonstrate multiscale phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography (CT) of postmortem human brain tissue. Large tissue volumes can be covered by parallel-beam CT and combined with subcellular detail for selected regions scanned at high magnification. This has been repeated identically for a larger number of individuals, including both Alzheimer’s-diseased patients and a control group. Optimized phase retrieval, followed by automated segmentation based on machine learning, as well as feature identification and classification based on optimal transport theory, indicates a pathway from healthy to pathological structure without prior hypothesis. This study provides a blueprint for studying the cytoarchitecture of the human brain and its alterations associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Territorial and non-territorial arrangements in a multi-ethno-linguistic context
Authors: Németh Ádám
Published: November 2021

This article argues that the geographically dispersed distribution of the minorities in the Baltic republics
(apart from the Poles in Lithuania and the Russians in Northeast Estonia) constitutes an objective obstacle to provision of
territorially based minority rights. However, the potential alternatives to the territorial principle are also rarely adopted. The
cultural autonomy model in Estonia and Latvia failed to be implemented in practice, while threshold rules (in respect of
topographical bilingualism, for example) are in force only in Estonia, and there with the highest threshold in Europe (50%). The
paper aims to explain the reluctance to adopt these solutions by reviewing the main factors that affect language policy
implementation in general. It also considers the background to the debate over which languages need protection: the minority
languages within the Baltic States or the titular languages themselves (Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian), which at the global
level are small and vulnerable. In general, the strictness of language policies is in inverse relation to the size of the
minorities, with Lithuania being the most liberal and Latvia the most restrictive.
The economic effects of the territoriality principle
Authors: Csata Zsombor , Hlatky Roman , Liu Amy H. , Young Ariel Pitre
Published: November 2021

The territoriality principle stipulates that minority communities in a given territory should be linguistically accommodated. What are the economic effects of this principle? In this paper, we argue that the recognition of multiple languages confers respect on the minority group; it allows people to engage and participate meaningfully in society – thereby facilitating economic well-being. There is, however, a caveat: when recognition happens in areas where the minority is the overwhelming majority, there is a risk that the near-exclusive use of the minority language cuts the community off from the larger national state, which in turn stunts development. To test this, we focus on Transylvania, Romania. We leverage a legal stipulation that recognizes minority languages in areas where the minority constitutes more than 20% of the population. Using data at the municipal level, we find that recognition increases economic well-being in general – but not in areas where the minority are numerically dominant. Our results are normatively welcoming, but they also caution governments not simply to recognize minority languages but also to protect them adequately.