bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case report: Anxiety and depression as initial symptoms in a patient with acute hypoxia and patent foramen ovale
Authors: Zhai Xiaoyan , Jiao Ronghong , Ni Aihua , Wang Xueyi
Published: August 2023

The prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is 15–35% among adults. The role of right-to-left shunting through the PFO, anxiety, depression, and hypoxemia in the systemic circulation remains poorly understood. Herein, we present the case of a 52-year-old woman with no heart or lung disease, who was admitted due to anxiety for 5 months and had symptom exacerbation with dizziness for 4 days and presented with cyanosis. She was noted to have acute hypoxemia, with an oxygen saturation of 94.48% on room air, and arterial blood gas showed an oxygen tension of 65.64 mmHg. Agitated saline contrast echocardiography showed right-to-left shunting due to PFO. Arteriovenous fistula, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, congestion peripheral cyanosis, ischemic peripheral cyanosis, and methemoglobin were excluded. Additionally, the patient improved by taking Paroxetine, Oxazepam, and Olanzapine. Her oxygen tension returned to 90.42 mmHg, and her symptoms resolved. In the case of severe anxiety and depression, right-to-left shunting through the PFO may cause acute systemic hypoxemia via a flow-driven mechanism, occasionally manifesting as cyanosis. When anxiety improved, hypoxia also improved. Thus, the treatment of anxiety and depression seems effective in improving hypoxemia. Notably, this is a rare report, and we hope to draw the attention of psychosomatic specialists, psychiatrists, and clinicians to seek the relationship between anxiety appearing as acute stress and PFO. This may be a new therapeutic method for treating severe anxiety disorder.
Enhancing water use efficiency in precision irrigation: data-driven approaches for addressing data gaps in time series
Authors: Zeynoddin Mohammad , Gumiere Silvio José , Bonakdari Hossein
Published: August 2023

Real-time soil matric potential measurements for determining potato production's water availability are currently used in precision irrigation. It is well known that managing irrigation based on soil matric potential (SMP) helps increase water use efficiency and reduce crop environmental impact. Yet, SMP monitoring presents challenges and sometimes leads to gaps in the collected data. This research sought to address these data gaps in the SMP time series. Using meteorological and field measurements, we developed a filtering and imputation algorithm by implementing three prominent predictive models in the algorithm to estimate missing values. Over 2 months, we gathered hourly SMP values from a field north of the Péribonka River in Lac-Saint-Jean, Québec, Canada. Our study evaluated various data input combinations, including only meteorological data, SMP measurements, or a mix of both. The Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) model proved the most effective among the tested models. It outperformed the k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) model and the Evolutionary Optimized Inverse Distance Method (gaIDW). The ELM model, with five inputs comprising SMP measurements, achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.992, a root-mean-square error of 0.164 cm, a mean absolute error of 0.122 cm, and a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.983. The ELM model requires at least five inputs to achieve the best results in the study context. These can be meteorological inputs like relative humidity, dew temperature, land inputs, or a combination of both. The results were within 5% of the best-performing input combination we identified earlier. To mitigate the computational demands of these models, a quicker baseline model can be used for initial input filtering. With this method, we expect the output from simpler models such as gaIDW and kNN to vary by no more than 20%. Nevertheless, this discrepancy can be efficiently managed by leveraging more sophisticated models.
The effects of a group-based intervention through physical activities and dietary changes in young patients with severe psychiatric disorders: a pilot study
Authors: Sentissi Othman , Zosso Gabrielle , Cogordon Anouck , Chillà Chiara
Published: August 2023

Background and objectives

The present study aims to investigate the effect of the 4-F (Fit, Fun, Feel, and Food) group-based program on physical, clinical, and biological outcomes in young patients suffering from severe psychiatric disorders.

Methods

A pilot study with a naturalistic design was conducted to investigate the effect of a group-based intervention on young patients.

Results

A descriptive analysis revealed that out of the 61 outpatients initially enrolled in the program, with a mean age of 26.9 years old (±6.1, 60% men), 71% were overweight or obese. Paired T-tests for the difference between T0 and T1 were used to evaluate the evolution of the outcomes. The 24 patients who completed the full program showed no significant decrease in weight or body composition. Despite the limitations, the main findings of this study were the significant improvement in muscular endurance and coordination (from T0 (M = 13.65, SD = ±1.93) compared to T1 (M = 12.49, SD = ±1.81), [t(20) = 3.072, p < 0.05] and the general increase in mental well-being from baseline to the end of the program according to the type of psychopathology [F(3,10) = 4.25, p < .05]. A slight modification in eating behavior, with a tendency towards a decrease in TFEQ hunger levels, was also noticed. The ANCOVA showed no difference in outcomes between the groups based on diagnosis.

Conclusion

Despite its limitations and the small sample size, this pilot study provides valuable insights, demonstrating the feasibility of the program and its positive impact on physical well-being and improved mental health in young patients with psychiatric disorders, sedentary behavior, and unhealthy lifestyles. These encouraging results warrant further research in controlled, larger population samples to deepen our understanding of the potential effects of such interventions.
Case report: Impact of mixed reality on anatomical understanding and surgical planning in a complex fourth ventricular tumor extending to the lamina quadrigemina
Authors: Colombo Elisa , Bektas Delal , Regli Luca , van Doormaal Tristan
Published: August 2023

Background and importance

Tumors of the fourth ventricle account for 1%–5% of all intracranial neoplastic lesions and present with different configurations and anatomical challenges. Microsurgery represents the primary therapeutic strategy for the majority of fourth ventricular tumors, and adequate anatomical understanding and visualization are paramount to surgical planning and success. The authors present the case of a young patient with a complex fourth ventricular tumor, whose surgery was successfully planned using a novel mixed reality (MxR) system.

Case description

We present a case of a 31-year-old woman with a lesion extending from the fourth ventricle to the lamina quadrigemina and causing symptomatic hydrocephalus occlusus. Through the combined use of routine 2D images and an interactive 3D anatomical model, an interhemispheric transtentorial approach was used to remove 98% of the lesion with successful functional outcomes.

Conclusions

The application of advanced 3D visualization with a novel MxR system to the surgical planning of a complex fourth ventricular lesion proved relevant in designing the best surgical approach and trajectory to better identify potential intraoperative challenges and rehearse the patient-specific anatomy. The present case report endorses the implementation of advanced 3D visualization in routine perioperative practice.
Social and ethical implications of data and technology use on farms: a qualitative study of Swedish dairy and pig farmers
Authors: Doidge Charlotte , Frössling Jenny , Dórea Fernanda C. , Ordell Anna , Vidal Gema , Kaler Jasmeet
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Livestock farmers are being increasingly encouraged to adopt digital health technologies on their farms. Digital innovations may have unintended consequences, but there tends to be a pro-innovation bias in previous literature. This has led to a movement towards “responsible innovation,” an approach that questions the social and ethical challenges of research and innovation. This paper explores the social and ethical issues of data and technologies on Swedish dairy and pig farms from a critical perspective.

Methods

Six focus groups were conducted with thirteen dairy and thirteen pig farmers. The data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and a digital critical health lens, which focuses on concepts of identity and power.

Results and discussion

The analysis generated four themes: extending the self, sense of agency, quantifying animals, and managing human labour. The findings suggest that technologies can change and form the identities of farmers, their workers, and animals by increasing the visibility of behaviours and bodies through data collection. Technologies can also facilitate techniques of power such as conforming to norms, hierarchical surveillance, and segregation of populations based on data. There were many contradictions in the way that technology was used on farms which suggests that farmers cannot be dichotomised into those who are opposed to and those that support adoption of technologies. Emotions and morality played an important role in the way animals were managed and technologies were used by farmers. Thus, when developing innovations, we need to consider users’ feelings and attachments towards the technologies. Technologies have different impacts on farmers and farm workers which suggests that we need to ensure that we understand the perspectives of multiple user groups when developing innovations, including those that might be least empowered.
Duration of constant rate infusion with diazepam or propofol for canine cluster seizures and status epilepticus
Authors: Cagnotti Giulia , Ferrini Sara , Di Muro Giorgia , Avilii Eleonora , Favole Alessandra , D’Angelo Antonio
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Constant rate infusion (CRI) of benzodiazepines or propofol (PPF) is a therapeutic option for cluster seizures (CS) and status epilepticus (SE) in canine patients non-responding to first-line benzodiazepines or non-anesthetics. However, specific indications for optimal duration of CRI are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of duration of anesthetic CRI on outcome and length of hospital stay in dogs with refractory seizure activity of different etiology.

Study design

Open-label non-randomized clinical trial.

Materials and methods

Seventy-three client-owned dogs were enrolled. Two groups [experimental (EXP) vs. control (CTRL)] were compared. The EXP group received diazepam (DZP) or PPF CRI for 12 h (±1 h) and the CTRL group received DZP or PPF CRI for 24 h (±1 h) in addition to a standardized emergency treatment protocol identical for both study groups. The historical control group was made up of a population of dogs already reported in a previously published paper by the same authors. Favorable outcome was defined as seizure cessation after CRI, no seizure recurrence, and clinical recovery. Poor outcome was defined as seizure recurrence, death in hospital or no return to acceptable clinical baseline. Univariate statistical analysis was performed.

Results

The study sample was 73 dogs: 45 (62%) received DZP CRI and 28 (38%) received PPF CRI. The EXP group was 39 dogs (25 DZP CRI and 14 PPF CRI) and the CTRL group 34 dogs (20 DZP CRI and 14 PPF CRI). We found no statistically significant difference in outcomes between the groups. The median length of stay was 56 h (IQR, 40–78) for the ALL EXP group and 58.5 h (IQR, 48–74.5) for the ALL CTRL group (p = 0.8).

Conclusion

Even though a shorter DZP or PPF CRI duration was not associated with a worse outcome, the study failed to identify a clear superiority of shorter CRI duration on outcome or length of hospital stay in dogs with refractory seizure activity of different etiology.
Experimental Study on Individual and Group Evacuation of Passengers from an Aircraft Cabin in the Pitch/Roll State
Authors: Zhang Tong , Lin Guiping , Feng Wenchun , Yu Jia
Published: August 2023

After an aircraft is forced to land, it is easy for it to become stuck in a tilt state of pitch or roll. The pitch/roll state of the aircraft cabin is a critical factor affecting the safe evacuation of the cabin. However, evacuation therein deserves more attention. In this research, an aircraft cabin simulator was developed to study the impact of pitch and roll on the individual and group evacuation speed. The values of the pitch angle θ and roll angle γ considered in the experiments were both 0, ±5, and ±10°. It was found that the average individual passenger speed could be attenuated in an aircraft cabin in pitch or roll conditions, but a pitch angle less than 0 had an acceleration effect on the walking mode. The results of the group evacuation experiments showed that, in addition to affecting the speed of individual passengers, the pitch/roll state also affected the evacuation interval time between a passenger and the preceding one. In addition, the linear fitting models introduced in this paper, which linked the motion of individual and group passengers, could predict the movement speeds accurately. This study provides a valuable benchmark for simulating the evacuation of an aircraft cabin and a reference for the safety design of actual aircraft cabins.
Airspace Designs and Operations for UAS Traffic Management at Low Altitude
Authors: Lee Ui-Jeong , Ahn Sang-Jun , Choi Dong-Young , Chin Sang-Min , Jang Dae-Sung
Published: August 2023

As the usability of and demand for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have increased, it has become necessary to establish a UAS traffic management (UTM) system for efficient UAV operations at low altitudes. To avoid collisions with ground obstacles, other UAVs, and manned aircraft, in building a safe path, the UTM needs to determine the time and space allocated to each flight. Ideas for discretizing and structuring airspace in various forms have been proposed to enhance the efficiency of system operation and improve traffic congestion through effectual airspace allocation. Additionally, various methods of allocating UAVs to structured unit spaces have been studied in the literature. In this paper, the methods and structural designs for allocating airspace that have appeared in related studies are classified into several types, and their strengths and weaknesses are analyzed. The structured airspace designs are categorized into three models: Air-Matrix, Air-Network, and Air-Tube, and analyzed according to their sub-structures and temporal allocation methods. In addition, a quantitative analysis is conducted by re-categorizing the structured airspace and operation methods and building their combinations.
The Biosurfactants Mannosylerythritol Lipids (MELs) as Stimulant on the Germination of Lactuca sativa L.
Authors: Matosinhos Renato Dias , Cesca Karina , Carciofi Bruno Augusto Mattar , de Oliveira Débora , de Andrade Cristiano José
Published: August 2023

The application of pesticides in agriculture leads to improved crop quality and promotes high productivity. However, the uninterrupted use of these chemicals is directly related to environmental impacts, affecting biodiversity and the health of ecosystems and humans. In this sense, mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are a promising alternative, as they are biosurfactants with antimicrobial, amphiphilic characteristics, and low toxicity. Thus, in search of a partial reduction in the use of chemical pesticides in agriculture, this work aimed to evaluate the biostimulant effect of one of the homologs of MELs–MEL-B on the germination of Monica lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.) and the influence on plant growth and root development. The seeds germinated in different concentrations of MEL-B. The incidence of germinated seeds, the germination index, and the average germination time were evaluated. MEL-B at 158 mg/L stimulated seed germination, growth, and seedling development parameters by 65%, while concentrations of 316 and 632 mg/L did not exceed 45% for these parameters. It was observed that MEL-B at 158 mg/L biostimulated the appearance of lateral roots and promoted only 7% of root stress, a difference of 47% for roots grown with MEL-B at 632 mg/L. Furthermore, MEL-B at 158 mg/L was the highest concentration at which there was no phytotoxic effect of MEL-B on seeds. The increase in enzymatic activity corroborates the phytotoxic effect and seed stress at concentrations of 316 and 632 mg/L, showing results of 47% and 54% of stressed roots. In an unprecedented way, this study proved that MEL-B has a biostimulant and phytotoxic effect related to its concentration.
Optimization and Experimental Study of Structural Parameters for a Low-Damage Packing Device on an Apple Harvesting Platform
Authors: Chen Zixu , Zhang Hongjian , Yang Huawei , Yan Yinfa , Sun Jingwei , Zhao Guangze , Wang Jinxing , Fan Guoqiang
Published: August 2023

To address the issues of low efficiency and high damage rates during apple harvesting and packing, a parameter optimization experiment was conducted on a low-damage packing device for an apple harvesting platform based on Adams 2019 software. The aim was to reduce the mechanical damage to apples during the packing process. Firstly, kinematics and energetics analyses of the apple packing process were performed, and a mathematical model for damage energy was established to identify the main factors and their ranges that influence the mechanical damage to apples. Secondly, using the fruit damage rate and packing efficiency as the evaluation criteria, a second-order orthogonal rotating regression experiment was conducted with the inclination angle of the fruit conveying tube, the inner wall radius of the fruit conveying tube, and the length of the fruit conveying tube as the experimental factors. Regression mathematical models were established to assess the relationship between the evaluation criteria and the experimental factors. Finally, the impact of each experimental factor on the evaluation criteria was analyzed to determine the optimal structural parameters for the low-damage packing device of the apple harvesting platform, and validation experiments were conducted. The results showed that when the inclination angle of the fruit conveying tube was 47°, the inner wall radius of the fruit conveying tube was 84 mm and the length of the fruit conveying tube was 0.12 m, the average fruit damage rate was minimized at 7.2%, and the average packing efficiency was maximized at 1925 kg/h. These results meet the requirements for apple harvesting operations, and the research findings can serve as a reference for the structural design and packing operation parameter optimization of apple harvesting platforms.
Developing the Social Ecology of Occupational Zoonoses Instrument: A Comprehensive Tool for Measuring Social and Behavioral Factors in Agricultural Settings
Authors: Palomares Velosa Jairo E. , Rao Sangeeta , Roman-Muniz Ivette N. , Steneroden Katie , Salman Mo D.
Published: August 2023

This article presents the development and validation of a new instrument measuring social, cultural, and behavioral factors influencing exposure to occupational zoonoses in agricultural settings. The Social Ecological Model (SEM) and the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing were used as guiding frameworks to ensure the instrument’s validity. The instrument’s content was compiled by combining the results of a scoping literature review and an expert qualitative study. The instrument items were drafted, organized, and underwent a meticulous process of revision and adjustment. It was translated into Spanish and tested in one-to-one cognitive interviews with five volunteer agricultural workers. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for construct discrimination, and bivariate regression analyses were conducted to explore the association with exposure indicators. Evidence of validity was obtained from four out of five sources of validity evidence according to the AERA/APA’s Standards of Educational and Psychological Testing. The Social Ecology of Occupational Zoonoses (SEOZ) was successfully used to determine social and behavioral factors associated with a higher risk of exposure to occupational zoonoses. Further use of the SEOZ can provide valuable insights into developing effective interventions to improve the health and well-being of agricultural workers.
The Effects of Long-Term Application of Stabilized and Coated Urea on Soil Chemical Properties, Microbial Community Structure, and Functional Genes in Paddy Fields
Authors: Zhang Yiji , Li Dongpo , Zhang Ke , Xiao Furong , Li Yonghua , Du Yandi , Xue Yan , Zhang Lili , Gong Ping , Song Yuchao , Wu Kaikuo
Published: August 2023

The addition of fertilizers is indispensable in agricultural production, and currently, there is a wide variety of new types of fertilizers available. For example, commonly used are stabilized fertilizers with inhibitors and coated slow-release fertilizers, among others. However, the long-term effects of these fertilizers, when applied continuously are still uncertain. This study will provide scientific and theoretical support for the development and promotion of these fertilizers. A 16-year paddy field with brown soil treated with different urease and nitrification inhibitors, sulfur-coated urea (SCU), and resin-coated urea (PCU) was studied. The study showed that long-term use of conventional urea nitrogen fertilizer resulted in a significant reduction in soil total phosphorus (TP). Long-term application of NBPT and conventional urea significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM). Moreover, except for HQ and NBPT+DMPP, the prolonged application of new urea fertilizers also significantly enhanced soil total potassium (TK). Application of SCU fertilizer in brown soil type paddy fields resulted in a significant decrease in soil pH over time. However, changes in pH had no effect on the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), as AOB was mainly affected by soil-available N. DMPP, HQ+DCD, NBPT+DMPP, SCU, and PCU significantly reduced the 16S rRNA gene copy number of soil bacteria, with the greatest effect of coated urea fertilizer (SCU and PCU). Long-term application of stable urea fertilizer with HQ significantly reduced the bacterial community in paddy soil. Conversely, HQ+DCD-stabilizede urea fertilizer significantly increased the population structure and abundance of Basidiomycota fungi while decreasing the population structure and abundance of Rozellomycota fungi. DMPP-stabilized urea fertilizer notably increased the population structure and abundance of Ascomycota fungi while decreasing the population structure and abundance of Rozellomycota and Chytridiomycota fungi. Furthermore, HQ-stabilized urea fertilizer significantly reduced the population structure and abundance of Chytridiomycota fungi.
Effects of Global Warming on Grapevine Berries Phenolic Compounds—A Review
Authors: Cataldo Eleonora , Eichmeier Aleš , Mattii Giovan Battista
Published: August 2023

The steadfast propensity to global warming has had a severe impact on overall viticulture. Given the observed increase in growing season temperatures in Europe (+1.7 °C from 1950 to 2004), between 2000 and 2049, it is assumed that temperatures for major wine regions will increase on average by about +0.42 °C per decade and will generally increase by +2.04 °C. Phenolic compound development is affected by environmental parameters such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, sunlight, maximum and minimum temperatures, and grapevine water status. Proanthocyanidins, flavan-3-ol monomers, and other pigmented polymers are impacted by soil management and canopy handling strategies, as well as obtaining a microclimate around the developing bunch. This review, after a necessary summary of the synthesis of phenolic compounds in the berry (flavonoids and non-flavonoids) to let the lector delve into the topic, describes the impact of climate change and therefore of environmental factors on their accumulation and storage throughout ripening and harvesting. For example, high berry temperatures can reduce the total concentrations of skin anthocyanin; a 35 °C temperature entirely obstructed anthocyanin synthesis, and instead quercetin 3-glucoside could be enhanced with exposure to solar radiation. In addition, increments via water deficit in the relative abundance of methoxylated anthocyanins were also found. The vineyard management strategies to mitigate the degradation of phenolic compounds and preserve their concentration are also further discussed. Finally, it is believed that it is necessary today to establish an elastic and variable approach towards the single wine year, moving away from the concept of product standardization.
The Effect of Cushioned Centrifugation, with and without Enzymatic Reduction of Viscosity, on the Motility Pattern and Kinematic Parameters of Dromedary Camel Bull Spermatozoa
Authors: Monaco Davide , Lacalandra Giovanni Michele , Ansar Zeeshan , Trerotoli Paolo , Mulligan Brendan Patrick , Osman Taher Kamal
Published: August 2023

In order to contribute to the development of semen processing procedures in camelids, the aims of the present study were to evaluate (i) the effect of 35% seminal plasma incubation on dromedary camel epididymal sperm motility and kinematic parameters, (ii) the effects of centrifugation, with cushion fluid and enzymatic reduction of viscosity (Papain + E64) during ejaculate processing, on the motility and kinematic parameters of dromedary camel ejaculates. The incubation with seminal plasma significantly reduced the percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa as well as the proportion of medium progressive spermatozoa whilst increasing the percentage of non-progressive spermatozoa. The centrifugation procedure improved the sperms’ kinematic parameters, and the highest values were observed for samples centrifugated with cushion fluid. The samples treated with Papain + E64 showed a significant increase in both total and medium progressive spermatozoa, along with a reduction of non-progressive spermatozoa (p < 0.05). The results of this investigation show that a simple, cheap, and effective procedure, such as cushioned centrifugation, could improve the motility patterns of dromedary camel spermatozoa; in combination with enzymatic reduction of viscosity, this method leads to the best results in terms of recovery rates and sperms’ kinematic parameters.
The Adrenal Gland of Squamata (Reptilia): A Comparative Overview
Authors: Capaldo Anna
Published: August 2023

The adrenal gland is a complex endocrine organ composed of two components: a steroidogenic tissue, which produces steroid hormones, and a chromaffin tissue, which mainly produces norepinephrine and epinephrine. Through evolution, their relationships with each other changed. They begin as isolated chromaffin and steroidogenic cell aggregates, typical of fish, and end with the advanced compact gland, typical of mammals, which consists of an external steroidogenic cortical zone and an internal chromaffin medullary zone. The adrenal gland of reptiles is unique because, with few exceptions, it is near the gonads and genital ducts, and the chromaffin and steroidogenic tissues are closely associated. However, the degree of mixing is variable. For example, in Squamata, the mixing degree of chromaffin and steroidogenic tissues, their reciprocal position in the gland, and the relative quantities of norepinephrine and epinephrine secreted by the chromaffin cells are extremely variable. This variability could be related to the phylogenetic history of the species. After a brief discussion of the adrenal gland and its main functions in vertebrates, this overview will examine the general characteristics of the adrenal gland of squamates, the differences in morphology of the gland, and the possible relationships with the phylogeny of the different species.
Recovery and Characterization of Spermatozoa in a Neotropical, Terrestrial, Direct-Developing Riparian Frog (Craugastor evanesco) through Hormonal Stimulation
Authors: Otero Yineska , Calatayud Natalie E. , Arcia Igli D. , Mariscal Denise , Samaniego Diego , Rodríguez Dionel , Rodríguez Karina , Guerrel Jorge , Ibáñez Roberto , Della Togna Gina
Published: August 2023

The Vanishing Rainfrog (Craugastor evanesco) is an endemic and critically endangered frog species of Panama. It is suspected that 90% of the population has disappeared from the wild. Frogs were collected from the wild and brought to a Captive Breeding Program; however, accomplishing regular reproductive events for this species has been difficult. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hormonal stimulation on the production and quality of C. evanesco spermatozoa, aiming to develop an efficient and safe sperm collection protocol as a tool to help reproduce this endangered species. Mature males received intra-peritoneal injections with one of six hormone treatments, including des-Gly10, D-Ala6, Pro-NHEt9—GnRH-A, Amphiplex or hCG. Urine samples were collected at 10 different time points post-injection. Quality assessments included sperm concentration, percentage motility, percentage forward progressive motility (FPM), osmolality, pH and morphology analysis. Our results indicate that the optimal treatment for the collection of highly concentrated sperm samples of C. evanesco is 4 µg/gbw GnRH, followed by Amphiplex and 2 µg/gbw GnRH as sub-optimal treatments and finally, 6 µg/gbw GnRH and 5 and 10 IU/gbw hCG as non-optimal treatments. GnRH-A at 4 μg/gbw and Amphiplex stimulated the production of samples with the highest sperm concentrations and quality, despite Amphiplex producing lower percentages of intact acrosome and tail. In contrast, hCG concentrations were not reliable inducers of sperm production, consistently showing lower concentrations, higher percentages of sperm abnormalities and more acidic spermic urine than that induced by Amphiplex and GnRH-A. Morphological assessments revealed that C. evanesco spermatozoa have a filiform shape with a large acrosome on the anterior part of an elongated head, a small midpiece and a long tail with two filaments joined together by an undulating membrane.
Antibacterial Properties of the Antimicrobial Peptide Gallic Acid-Polyphemusin I (GAPI)
Authors: Zhang Olivia Lili , Niu John Yun , Yin Iris Xiaoxue , Yu Ollie Yiru , Mei May Lei , Chu Chun Hung
Published: August 2023

A novel antimicrobial peptide, GAPI, has been developed recently by grafting gallic acid (GA) to polyphemusin I (PI). The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of GAPI on common oral pathogens. This laboratory study used minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations to assess the antimicrobial properties of GAPI against common oral pathogens. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the bacterial morphology both before and after GAPI treatment. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 20 μM (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) to 320 μM (Porphyromonas gingivalis), whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged from 80 μM (Lactobacillus acidophilus) to 640 μM (Actinomyces naeslundii, Enterococcus faecalis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis). Transmission electron microscopy showed abnormal curvature of cell membranes, irregular cell shapes, leakage of cytoplasmic content, and disruption of cytoplasmic membranes and cell walls. In conclusion, the GAPI antimicrobial peptide is antibacterial to common oral pathogens, with the potential to be used to manage oral infections.
Abnormalities in Copper Status Associated with an Elevated Risk of Parkinson’s Phenotype Development
Authors: Karpenko Marina N. , Muruzheva Zamira M. , Ilyechova Ekaterina Yu. , Babich Polina S. , Puchkova Ludmila V.
Published: August 2023

In the last 15 years, among the many reasons given for the development of idiopathic forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), copper imbalance has been identified as a factor, and PD is often referred to as a copper-mediated disorder. More than 640 papers have been devoted to the relationship between PD and copper status in the blood, which include the following markers: total copper concentration, enzymatic ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentration, Cp protein level, and non-ceruloplasmin copper level. Most studies measure only one of these markers. Therefore, the existence of a correlation between copper status and the development of PD is still debated. Based on data from the published literature, meta-analysis, and our own research, it is clear that there is a connection between the development of PD symptoms and the number of copper atoms, which are weakly associated with the ceruloplasmin molecule. In this work, the link between the risk of developing PD and various inborn errors related to copper metabolism, leading to decreased levels of oxidase ceruloplasmin in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid, is discussed.
Pseudo-Coloring as an Effective Tool to Improve the Readability of Images Obtained in an Electromagnetic Infiltration Process
Authors: Kubiak Ireneusz , Przybysz Artur
Published: August 2023

The article presents a method of improving the readability of images obtained in the process of electromagnetic infiltration for sources processing information in a visual form (texts, images). The method uses the so-called technique of pseudo-coloring. The proposed method is based on LUT tables using the exponential function mapping the signal level of the compromising emanations into a point of the RGB color space. The conducted analyses showed that the proposed function determining the coefficients of the LUT table is an effective tool in the process of improving the level of visual perception, i.e., it increases the perception of shapes and the ability to extract elements from the background. In image processing, LUT can be identified as a color map, i.e., a structure that reflects the gray shade of an image pixel into its color representation in the RGB color space. The proposed method assumes the use of exponential functions for this reflection. As an assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed methods of pseudo-coloring images, both a subjective assessment based on the visual perception of a group of observers and an analytical assessment, which was carried out by analyzing the contrast of the assessed images, were adopted. This allowed for the same assessment and usefulness of the proposed function in determining the RGB value in the process of pseudo-coloring of images obtained during electromagnetic infiltration. The obtained results confirmed that the proposed method significantly improves contrast parameter of images, which is also confirmed by the visual assessment of these images.
Virtual Admittance Feedforward Compensation and Phase Correction for Average-Current-Mode-Controlled Totem-Pole PFC Converters
Authors: He Hongkai , Zhang Desheng , Zhou Aosong , Zhang Fanwu , Zou Xuecheng , Yuan Jun , Wei Meng
Published: August 2023

This paper explores a current distortion problem in totem-pole bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) converters with average current mode (ACM) control. With in-depth modeling for the current and voltage loops, it was found that the current distortion is caused by the limited current loop bandwidth and input filter capacitor. These factors lead to the presence of a susceptance component in the input admittance, which degrades the power factor (PF) and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the PFC converter. To solve this problem, this paper proposes virtual admittance feedforward compensation (VAFC) and phase correction methods to adjust the input admittance to pure conductance. The VAFC can generate virtual admittance that compensates for susceptance components in the input admittance, while phase correction can generate an equivalent current source that offsets the current in input capacitors. Furthermore, a phase lock loop (PLL) is introduced to realize the VAFC, which reduces the feedforward interference caused by input voltage sampling noise. Finally, an experimental prototype was built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategies. According to the test results, the proposed compensation strategy improves the PF by 1.23%, while reducing the THD by 2.52% and achieving a peak efficiency of 98.69%.
Development of a Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) Simulation Model: Impact of Cecal Inoculum Storage Preservation Conditions
Authors: de Carvalho Nelson Mota , Costa Célia Maria , Castro Cláudia , Saleh Mayra Anton Dib , Pintado Manuela Estevez , Oliveira Diana Luazi , Madureira Ana Raquel
Published: August 2023

A chicken gastrointestinal tract (GIT) simulation model was developed to help predict the potential effects of feed additives supplementation on chicken’ microbiota. The chemical and enzymatic conditions for oral, gastric, intestinal, and cecum fermentation phases were designed to closely resemble the chicken GIT conditions. For cecum fermentation, the inoculum was obtained from the cecal contents of 18 38-day broiler chickens. The impact of inoculum preservation on bacteria viability was assessed by comparing two methods of preservation with fresh inoculum: (1) 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at −80 °C and (2) 30% glycerol at −20 °C. The fermentation with fresh and frozen (DMSO method) inoculums was performed and compared using standard chicken feed (SCF) and SCF with 1% fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and inoculum control (IC) condition without feed matrix was used as a baseline. Inoculum’s viability was assessed throughout 90 days of storage by culture media platting, while bacterial growth and metabolites production during fermentation was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and total ammonia nitrogen quantification. The DMSO method was shown to be the most suitable for cecal inoculum storage. Higher growth of beneficial cecal bacteria for fresh inoculum was observed in SCF while for frozen inoculum, was the SCF + FOS condition. Also, frozen inoculum had lower activity of butyrate producers and proteolytic bacteria, showing different fermentation profiles. The GIT model developed showed to be useful to test the effect of feed additives supplementation.
On Further Refinements of Numerical Radius Inequalities
Authors: Hazaymeh Ayman , Qazza Ahmad , Hatamleh Raed , Alomari Mohammad W. , Saadeh Rania
Published: August 2023

This paper introduces several generalized extensions of some recent numerical radius inequalities of Hilbert space operators. More preciously, these inequalities refine the recent inequalities that were proved in literature. It has already been demonstrated that some inequalities can be improved or restored by concatenating some into one inequality. The main idea of this paper is to extend the existing numerical radius inequalities by providing a unified framework. We also present a numerical example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Roughly, our approach combines the existing inequalities, proved in literature, into a single inequality that can be used to obtain improved or restored results. This unified approach allows us to extend the existing numerical radius inequalities and show their effectiveness through numerical experiments.
Predicting Ionic Conductivity in Thin Films of Garnet Electrolytes Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kireeva Natalia , Tsivadze Aslan Yu. , Pervov Vladislav S.
Published: August 2023

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are the important attributes of the forthcoming technologies for electrochemical energy storage. A key element of ASSBs is the solid electrolyte materials. Garnets are considered promising candidates for solid electrolytes of ASSBs due to their chemical stability with Li metal anodes, reasonable kinetic characteristics (σLi∼ 10−3–10−4 S · cm−1) and a wide electrochemical window. This study is aimed at the analysis of the experimental data available for garnet thin films, examining the ionic conductivity through the film/substrate lattice mismatch, the elastic properties and the difference in the thermal expansion characteristics of the film and the substrate, the deposition temperature of the film, and the melting point and the dielectric constant of the substrate. Based on the results of this analysis and by introducing the corresponding characteristics involved as the descriptors, the quantitative models for predicting the ionic conductivity values were developed. Some important characteristic features for ion transport in garnet films, which are primarily concerned with the film/substrate misfit, elastic properties, deposition temperature, cation segregation and the space charge effects, are discussed.
Role of p-Coumaric Acid and Micronutrients in Sulfur Dioxide Tolerance in Brettanomyces bruxellensis
Authors: Chandra Mahesh , Branco Patrícia , Prista Catarina , Malfeito-Ferreira Manuel
Published: August 2023

Sulfite is a common preservative in wine, but the spoilage yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis can produce volatile phenols even with the recommended sulfite dose. The purpose of this study was to examine how wine components, p-coumaric acid (a precursor of volatile phenols), and micronutrients influence culturability, viability, and volatile phenols production by B. bruxellensis under sulfite stress. In red wine, a high sulfite dose (potassium metabisulfite, 100 mg L−1) led to an immediate death phase followed by growth recovery after two weeks. However, 4-ethylphenol (4-EP) was continuously produced by dead or nonculturable cells. Nonetheless, an event of growth recovery could not be observed in the case of the model wine. However, when the model wine was supplemented with minerals and vitamins, both growth recovery and 4-EP production were noticed, suggesting that the minerals and vitamins played an important role in maintaining the viability of cells under the sulfite stress. The yeast could also utilize the p-coumaric acid (p-CA) as an energy source, showing a specific growth rate of 0.0142 h−1 with 1 mM of p-CA in model wine. Furthermore, the sulfite-stressed cells exhibited ATP production by means of proton efflux while utilizing the p-CA. This work highlights the novel finding that the conversion of p-CA into 4-EP provides sufficient energy for the cell to remain metabolically active under the sulfite stress.
The Assessability of Approximal Secondary Caries of Non-Invasive 3D-Printed Veneers Depending on the Restoration Thickness—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Prause Elisabeth , Hey Jeremias , Schmidt Franziska , Nicic Robert , Beuer Florian , Unkovskiy Alexey
Published: August 2023

To date, no scientific data is available regarding the development and radiographic assessment of approximal caries development after the insertion of 3D-printed, non-invasive veneers of different restoration thicknesses. For the present study, non-invasive veneers were fabricated from two different materials for printing and milling (Vita Enamic and VarseoSmile Crown plus). Three different restoration thicknesses (0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 mm) were selected. After digital design, leaving the approximal space free, and manufacturing of the restorations, adhesive insertion followed. All specimens were placed in a demineralizing solution for 28 days. Subsequently, a radiological and fluorescent examination was performed. The present study showed statistically significant interactions for the day (p < 0.0001) and manufacturing method (p < 0.0001) but not for restoration thickness. Additive manufactured restorations showed less radiological caries progression compared to subtractive manufactured restorations after 21 and 28 days (0.7 and 0.9 mm restoration thickness) (p < 0.0001). DIAGNOdent proved that the restoration thickness affected the caries progression within the subtractive group (p < 0.0001). Radiographic and fluorescence examination showed equivalent results regarding approximal caries assessment. For additive manufacturing, less caries progression was shown without consideration of the restoration thickness.
Premium Intraocular Lenses in Glaucoma—A Systematic Review
Authors: Hong Ashley Shuen Ying , Ang Bryan Chin Hou , Dorairaj Emily , Dorairaj Syril
Published: August 2023

The incidence of both cataract and glaucoma is increasing globally. With increasing patient expectation and improved technology, premium intraocular lenses (IOLs), including presbyopia-correcting and toric IOLs, are being increasingly implanted today. However, concerns remain regarding the use of premium IOLs, particularly presbyopia-correcting IOLs, in eyes with glaucoma. This systematic review evaluates the use of premium IOLs in glaucoma. A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE database was performed from inception until 1 June 2023. Initial search yielded 1404 records, of which 12 were included in the final review of post-operative outcomes. Studies demonstrated high spectacle independence for distance and good patient satisfaction in glaucomatous eyes, with positive outcomes also in post-operative visual acuity, residual astigmatism, and contrast sensitivity. Considerations in patient selection include anatomical and functional factors, such as the type and severity of glaucomatous visual field defects, glaucoma subtype, presence of ocular surface disease, ocular changes after glaucoma surgery, and the reliability of disease monitoring, all of which may be affected by, or influence, the outcomes of premium IOL implantation in glaucoma patients. Regular reviews on this topic are needed in order to keep up with the rapid advancements in IOL technology and glaucoma surgical treatments.
An Updated Overview of Existing Cancer Databases and Identified Needs
Authors: Austin Brittany K. , Firooz Ali , Valafar Homayoun , Blenda Anna V.
Published: August 2023

Our search of existing cancer databases aimed to assess the current landscape and identify key needs. We analyzed 71 databases, focusing on genomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and glycomics. We found a lack of cancer-related lipidomic and glycomic databases, indicating a need for further development in these areas. Proteomic databases dedicated to cancer research were also limited. To assess overall progress, we included human non-cancer databases in proteomics, lipidomics, and glycomics for comparison. This provided insights into advancements in these fields over the past eight years. We also analyzed other types of cancer databases, such as clinical trial databases and web servers. Evaluating user-friendliness, we used the FAIRness principle to assess findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability. This ensured databases were easily accessible and usable. Our search summary highlights significant growth in cancer databases while identifying gaps and needs. These insights are valuable for researchers, clinicians, and database developers, guiding efforts to enhance accessibility, integration, and usability. Addressing these needs will support advancements in cancer research and benefit the wider cancer community.