bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
China CO2 emission accounts 2016–2017
Authors: Shan Yuli , Huang Qi , Guan Dabo , Hubacek Klaus
Published: February 2020

Despite China’s emissions having plateaued in 2013, it is still the world’s leading energy consumer and CO2 emitter, accounting for approximately 30% of global emissions. Detailed CO2 emission inventories by energy and sector have great significance to China’s carbon policies as well as to achieving global climate change mitigation targets. This study constructs the most up-to-date CO2 emission inventories for China and its 30 provinces, as well as their energy inventories for the years 2016 and 2017. The newly compiled inventories provide key updates and supplements to our previous emission dataset for 1997–2015. Emissions are calculated based on IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) administrative territorial scope that covers all anthropogenic emissions generated within an administrative boundary due to energy consumption (i.e. energy-related emissions from 17 fossil fuel types) and industrial production (i.e. process-related emissions from cement production). The inventories are constructed for 47 economic sectors consistent with the national economic accounting system. The data can be used as inputs to climate and integrated assessment models and for analysis of emission patterns of China and its regions.
Thirty complete Streptomyces genome sequences for mining novel secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters
Authors: Lee Namil , Kim Woori , Hwang Soonkyu , Lee Yongjae , Cho Suhyung , Palsson Bernhard , Cho Byung-Kwan
Published: February 2020

Streptomyces are Gram-positive bacteria of significant industrial importance due to their ability to produce a wide range of antibiotics and bioactive secondary metabolites. Recent advances in genome mining have revealed that Streptomyces genomes possess a large number of unexplored silent secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (smBGCs). This indicates that Streptomyces genomes continue to be an invaluable source for new drug discovery. Here, we present high-quality genome sequences of 22 Streptomyces species and eight different Streptomyces venezuelae strains assembled by a hybrid strategy exploiting both long-read and short-read genome sequencing methods. The assembled genomes have more than 97.4% gene space completeness and total lengths ranging from 6.7 to 10.1 Mbp. Their annotation identified 7,000 protein coding genes, 20 rRNAs, and 68 tRNAs on average. In silico prediction of smBGCs identified a total of 922 clusters, including many clusters whose products are unknown. We anticipate that the availability of these genomes will accelerate discovery of novel secondary metabolites from Streptomyces and elucidate complex smBGC regulation.
Benchmark classification dataset for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Képeš Erik , Vrábel Jakub , Střítežská Sára , Pořízka Pavel , Kaiser Jozef
Published: February 2020

In this work, we present an extensive dataset of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra for the pre-training and evaluation of LIBS classification models. LIBS is a well-established spectroscopic method for in-situ and industrial applications, where LIBS is primarily applied for clustering and classification tasks. As such, our dataset is aimed at helping with the development and testing of classification and clustering methodologies. Moreover, the dataset could be used to pre-train classification models for applications where the amount of available data is limited. The dataset consists of LIBS spectra of 138 soil samples belonging to 12 distinct classes. The spectra were acquired with a state-of-the-art LIBS system. Lastly, the composition of each sample is also provided, including estimated uncertainties.
A New Intermittent Pumping Design for Fluid Shortage Wells
Authors: Liang Xingyuan , Zhou Fujian , Liang Tianbo
Published: February 2020

Low oil price requires oil companies to reduce costs and increase benefits. The wells with deficient fluid supplies approximately account for 20–30% of all producing wells, and this situation is even worse in the old oilfields. Intermittent production is an effective way to reduce the cost and increase the system efficiency to overcome the shortage of oil supply from the reservoir. The key is to optimize the intermittent pumping scheme, i.e., to design reasonable shut-in and operating periods. In this study, this is achieved using the dynamic change of the fluid level in the wellbore. From the electrical power curve to the dynamometer card, the dynamic drop of the fluid level can be obtained, and thus the optimal operation time of the well; at last, from the inflow performance of the well, the optimal shut-in period can be obtained. This method shows a good application in the field through a case study.
Refined detection and phasing of structural aberrations in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia by linked-read whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Nordlund Jessica , Marincevic-Zuniga Yanara , Cavelier Lucia , Raine Amanda , Martin Tom , Lundmark Anders , Abrahamsson Jonas , Norén-Nyström Ulrika , Lönnerholm Gudmar , Syvänen Ann-Christine
Published: February 2020

Structural chromosomal rearrangements that can lead to in-frame gene-fusions are a leading source of information for diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Traditional methods such as karyotyping and FISH struggle to accurately identify and phase such large-scale chromosomal aberrations in ALL genomes. We therefore evaluated linked-read WGS for detecting chromosomal rearrangements in primary samples of from 12 patients diagnosed with ALL. We assessed the effect of input DNA quality on phased haplotype block size and the detectability of copy number aberrations and structural variants in the ALL genomes. We found that biobanked DNA isolated by standard column-based extraction methods was sufficient to detect chromosomal rearrangements even at low 10x sequencing coverage. Linked-read WGS enabled precise, allele-specific, digital karyotyping at a base-pair resolution for a wide range of structural variants including complex rearrangements and aneuploidy assessment. With use of haplotype information from the linked-reads, we also identified previously unknown structural variants, such as a compound heterozygous deletion of ERG in a patient with the DUX4-IGH fusion gene. We conclude that linked-read WGS allows detection of important pathogenic variants in ALL genomes at a resolution beyond that of traditional karyotyping and FISH.
Dynamical and thermodynamical approaches to open quantum systems
Authors: Semin Vitalii , Petruccione Francesco
Published: February 2020

The non-Markovian dynamics of open quantum systems is studied from two different points of view. The first one coincides with the traditional tracing out of the environmental degrees of freedom, presented in classical textbooks on open quantum systems. The second one is an approximation of the exact density operator with the knowledge of only several dynamical variables in the spirit of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The approximation is based on the principle of maximal entropy. We discuss the information and the Renyi entropies, which lead to different approximations. The time-convolutionless master equation governs the dynamics of both traditional and approximated reduced density operator with a particular projection operator. Considering the example of two interacting qubits in a thermal environment, we compare the traditional and thermodynamical approaches.
TAK1 signaling regulates p53 through a mechanism involving ribosomal stress
Authors: Zonneville Justin , Wong Vincent , Limoge Michelle , Nikiforov Mikhail , Bakin Andrei V.
Published: February 2020

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is among the most aggressive forms of breast cancer with limited therapeutic options. TAK1 is implicated in aggressive behavior of TNBC, while means are not fully understood. Here, we report that pharmacological blockade of TAK1 signaling hampered ribosome biogenesis (RBG) by reducing expression of RBG regulators such as RRS1, while not changing expression of ribosomal core proteins. Notably, TAK1 blockade upregulated expression of p53 target genes in cell lines carrying wild type (wt) TP53 but not in p53-mutant cells, suggesting involvement of ribosomal stress in the response. Accordingly, p53 activation by blockade of TAK1 was prevented by depletion of ribosomal protein RPL11. Further, siRNA-mediated depletion of TAK1 or RELA resulted in RPL11-dependent activation of p53 signaling. Knockdown of RRS1 was sufficient to disrupt nucleolar structures and resulted in activation of p53. TCGA data showed that TNBCs express high levels of RBG regulators, and elevated RRS1 levels correlate with unfavorable prognosis. Cytotoxicity data showed that TNBC cell lines are more sensitive to TAK1 inhibitor compared to luminal and HER2+ cell lines. These results show that TAK1 regulates p53 activation by controlling RBG factors, and the TAK1-ribosome axis is a potential therapeutic target in TNBC.
SP70-Targeted Imaging for the Early Detection of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Jian , Zhang Shichang , Zhang Wei , Xie Erfu , Gu Min , Wang Yue , Yang Lu , Zhang Bingfeng , Zhang Jiexin , Gu Chunrong , Xu Ting , Li Daqian , Wang Fang , Huang Peijun , Pan Shiyang
Published: February 2020

NJ001 is a monoclonal antibody that can specifically recognize the SP70 antigen on lung adenocarcinoma cells. The goal of this study was to explore its utility in targeted imaging. Subcutaneous xenograft and orthotopic lung tumor implantation BALB/c mouse models were established. Near-infrared fluorescent CF750-labeled NJ001 was injected into two tumor mouse models. Mice that received orthotopic lung tumor implantation were also injected with NJ001-conjugated nanomagnetic beads intravenously, and then underwent micro-CT scanning. Meanwhile, mice with lung tumor were intravenously injected with normal saline and bare nanomagnetic beads as a control. Fluorescence could be monitored in the mice detected by anti-SP70 fluorescence imaging, which was consistent with tumor burden. Signal intensities detected with SP70-targeted micro-CT scans were greater than those in control mice. More importantly, orthotopic tumor lesions could be found on the fourth week with SP70-targeted imaging, which was 2 weeks earlier than detection in the control. Our results suggest that SP70 is a promising target for molecular imaging, and molecularly targeted imaging with an NJ001-labeled probe could be applied for the early detection of lung adenocarcinoma.
Conformal smoothing of mid-spatial frequency surface error for nano-accuracy Continuous Phase Plates (CPP)
Authors: Song Ci , Zhang Wanli , Shi Feng , Lin Zhifan , Nie Xuqing
Published: February 2020

This paper presented a conformal smoothing theory, and smoothing capability evaluation was established on the proposed theory. According to pressure distribution model, processing parameters have been optimized and the CPP sample with a size of 340 × 340 mm was applied in conformal smoothing. The middle spatial frequency was effectively corrected with the total polishing time of 750 min, and energy was constringed 32.2 times (improved from 57.68 nm2·mm to 1.79 nm2·mm). Meanwhile, surface roughness RMS (root mean square) maintained at the same scale (changed from 265.4 nm to 265.2 nm). Parametric conformal smoothing was proven to be an effective method to control the middle spatial frequency error of CPPs.
Bergamot Polyphenols Improve Dyslipidemia and Pathophysiological Features in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Musolino Vincenzo , Gliozzi Micaela , Scarano Federica , Bosco Francesca , Scicchitano Miriam , Nucera Saverio , Carresi Cristina , Ruga Stefano , Zito Maria Caterina , Maiuolo Jessica , Macrì Roberta , Amodio Nicola , Juli Giada , Tassone Pierfrancesco , Mollace Rocco , Caffrey Rebecca , Marioneaux Jonathon , Walker Ross , Ehrlich James , Palma Ernesto , Muscoli Carolina , Bedossa Pierre , Salvemini Daniela , Mollace Vincenzo , Sanyal Arun J.
Published: February 2020

There is a need for continued drug development for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Bergamot is a plant whose fruit juice is enriched with flavonoids and phenolic compounds which improves dyslipidemia and markers of systemic inflammation in patients with Metabolic Syndrome. The aim of this study was to perform a preclinical “proof of concept” study of Bergamot polyphenolic formulation (BPF99) for the treatment of NASH. A disease reversal study was performed in the diet-induced animal model of NAFLD (DIAMOND). Groups of 8 weeks old mice were randomly assigned to receive chow diet, high fat diet with sugar in drinking water (Western diet- WD). Mice on WD were further randomized to continue on WD gavaged with vehicle or continue on WD with additional gavage of BPF99 (50 mg/kg) after 16 weeks of diet. Mice were euthanized after 11 additional weeks. The primary endpoint was resolution of NASH. Secondary endpoints included changes in individual histological features, body weight, liver enzymes, dyslipidemia, markers of oxidative stress and molecular markers of disease activity and fibrosis. The results showed that BPF99 reduced ALT (mean 71.6 vs 44.6 IU/l, p < 0.01), triglycerides (38.8 vs 28.1 mg/dl, p < 0.05), LDL-C (39.2 vs 23.7 mg/dl, p < 0.001). It significantly improved NASH resolution (p < 0.001) and the SAF scores (p < 0.05) while the NAS improvement approached significance. BPF99 reduced markers of oxidative stress, along with reduced JNK and p38 MAP kinase activity. BPF99 did not reduce the number of mice with fibrosis but improved collagen proportional area (p < 0.04) and procollagen I and III expression. Collectively our results showed that BPF99 resolves NASH and ameliorates key histological and pathophysiological features of NASH along with improvement in ALT and dyslipidemia in the DIAMOND mice.
Effect of Hybrid mono/bimetallic Nanocomposites for an enhancement of Catalytic and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Sivaranjan Kuppan , Padmaraj Osaimany , Santhanalakshmi Jayadevan , Sathuvan Malairaj , Sathiyaseelan Anbazhagan , Sagadevan Suresh
Published: February 2020

Exploring the new catalytic systems for the reduction of organic and inorganic pollutants from an indispensable process in chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and food industries, etc. Hence, in the present work, authors motivated to synthesize bare reduced graphene oxide (rGO), polyaniline (PANI), three different ratios of rGO-PANI(80:20,50:50, 10:90) composites and rGO-PANI(80:20,50:50, 10:90) supported mono (Pd) & bimetallic [Pd: Au(1:1,1:2, 2:1)] nanocomposite by a facile chemical reduction method. Also, it investigated their catalytic performances for the reduction of organic/inorganic pollutants and antimicrobial activities. All the freshly prepared bare rGO, PANI, three different ratios of rGO-PANI(80:20, 50:50,10:90) composites and rGO-PANI(80:20, 50:50,10:90)/Pd & Pd: Au(1:1, 1:2,2:1) nanocomposite hybrid catalysts were characterized using UV-Vis, FT-IR, SEM, FE-SEM, EDAX, HR-TEM, XRD, XPS and Raman spectroscopy analysis. Among them, an optimized best composition of rGO-PANI(80:20)/Pd: Au(1:1) bimetallic nanocomposite hybrid catalyst exhibits better catalytic reduction and antimicrobial activities than other composites, as a result of strong electrostatic interactions between rGO, PANI and bimetal (Pd: Au) NPs through a synergistic effect. Hence, an optimized rGO-PANI(80:20)/Pd:Au(1:1) bimetallic nanocomposite catalyst would be considered as a suitable catalyst for the reduction of different nitroarenes, organic dyes, heavy metal ions and also significantly inhibit the growth of S. aureus, S. Typhi as well as Candida albicans and Candida kruesi in wastewater.
Assessing the regional climate impact on terrestrial ecosystem over East Asia using coupled models with land use and land cover forcing during 1980–2010
Authors: Cao Fuqiang , Dan Li , Ma Zhuguo , Gao Tao
Published: February 2020

The coupled model AVIM-RIEMS2.0 is employed to examine the effects of climate change on the terrestrial ecosystem over East Asia during three decades since the 1980s. The vegetation parameters present significantly different responses to climate change in subregions, since the effects of climate change trigger seasonal signals on land surface processes at the regional scale. In the 1980s, the increasing temperature and rainfall lead to a decrease in biomass and leaf area index (LAI) in winter, but a slight increase in net primary productivity (NPP) over China. However, summertime precipitation shows interval changes of cyclic increase-decrease pattern over eastern China, and the similar pattern also occurs for the variations in biomass and LAI. In the 1990s, the temperature and precipitation over the most regions in East Asia demonstrate the opposite changes compared to the 1980s, which results in converse variations in LAI and vegetation carbon flux. In the 2000s, biomass and LAI in the mid-lower reaches of Yangtze River basin and southeast coastal regions exhibit the same changes as precipitation in winter, and NPP shows a similar response to temperature. The biomass and LAI show consistent responses to regional climate change in summer, while different responses are seen for NPP. In general, climate change had a great impact on the vegetation in the 1990s, which produced the remarkable influences on LAI and biomass in winter and the significant impacts on NPP in summer. Over the regions affected significantly by East Asian monsoon, e.g. South China, the terrestrial ecosystem displays a roughly consistent response to regional climate change.
Monospecific Biofilms of Pseudoalteromonas Promote Larval Settlement and Metamorphosis of Mytilus coruscus
Authors: Peng Li-Hua , Liang Xiao , Xu Jia-Kang , Dobretsov Sergey , Yang Jin-Long
Published: February 2020

As a stage of life cycle, larval settlement and metamorphosis are critical processes for persistence of many marine invertebrate populations. Bacterial biofilms (BFs) could induce larval settlement and metamorphosis.Pseudoalteromonas, a widely distributed genus of marine bacteria, showed inductive effects on several invertebrates. However, howPseudoalteromonasBFs induce settlement and metamorphosis ofMytilus coruscusremains unclear.Pseudoalteromonas marinaBFs with the highest inducing activity were further investigated to define inductive cues. Surface-bound products ofP. marinaBFs could induce larval settlement and metamorphosis.P. marinaBFs treated with formalin, antibiotics, ultraviolet irradiation, heat and ethanol significantly reduced inductive effects and cell survival rates. The confocal laser scanning microscopy and the biovolume analysis showed the dominance of α-polysaccharides onP. marinaBFs. Treatment of BFs with amylases, proteases and lipase led to the decrease of inducing activity, suggesting that inductive cues ofP. marinaBFs may comprise of molecular domains of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. Finding inductive cues of BFs could put forward further studies about the mechanism of larval settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrates.
Colloidal Antimony Sulfide Nanoparticles as a High-Performance Anode Material for Li-ion and Na-ion Batteries
Authors: Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Bodnarchuk Maryna I.
Published: February 2020

To maximize the anodic charge storage capacity of Li-ion and Na-ion batteries (LIBs and SIBs, respectively), the conversion–alloying-type Sb2S3 anode has attracted considerable interest because of its merits of a high theoretical capacity of 946 mAh g−1 and a suitable anodic lithiation/delithiation voltage window of 0.1–2 V vs. Li+/Li. Recent advances in nanostructuring of the Sb2S3 anode provide an effective way of mitigating the challenges of structure conversion and volume expansion upon lithiation/sodiation that severely hinder the Sb2S3 cycling stability. In this context, we report uniformly sized colloidal Sb2S3 nanoparticles (NPs) as a model Sb2S3 anode material for LIBs and SIBs to investigate the effect of the primary particle size on the electrochemical performance of the Sb2S3 anode. We found that compared with microcrystalline Sb2S3, smaller ca. 20–25 nm and ca. 180–200 nm Sb2S3 NPs exhibit enhanced cycling stability as anode materials in both rechargeable LIBs and SIBs. Importantly, for the ca. 20–25 nm Sb2S3 NPs, a high initial Li-ion storage capacity of 742 mAh g−1 was achieved at a current density of 2.4 A g−1. At least 55% of this capacity was retained after 1200 cycles, which is among the most stable performance Sb2S3 anodes for LIBs.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effect of soil nutrients and moisture during ontogeny on apparent wood density of Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Castro Vinicius Resende , Chambi-Legoas Roger , Filho Mario Tommasiello , Surdi Paula Gabriella , Zanuncio José Cola , Zanuncio Antonio José Vinha
Published: February 2020

Knowledge of the effect of soil nutrients, such as K and Na and their interaction with water availability, on the growth and wood properties of the eucalypts, is needed to increase the productivity of commercial plantation forests in Brazil that generate employment and taxes. The present study evaluates the apparent wood density (at 12% wood moisture) of Eucalyptus grandis trees at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months old under ambient and lower than ambient (66%) rainfall conditions and K and Na nutrient enrichment. The treatments were two water availability (100 and 66% of the rainfall) and the three nutrient treatments were: K (4.5 kmol/ha), Na (4.5 kmol/ha) and a control (natural conditions). The apparent wood density of samples at breast height (1.3 m) was determined by X-ray densitometry and digital images. Increased nutrients at all four ages and water availability at 36 and 48 months reduced apparent wood density in E. grandis trees, however, effects of nutrients are lower under water availability reduction. The radial profile of wood density was higher in four-year-old trees, but there was radial variation in apparent wood density at all ages. These findings predict that, under water stress, apparent wood density will not decline in commercial E. grandis plantations fertilized with potassium. The use of sodium, as a substitute of potassium, should consider their negative impacts on wood density of Eucalyptus grandis trees.
Comparison between Fissure Sealant and Fluoride Varnish on Caries Prevention for First Permanent Molars: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Feifei , Jiang Peipei , Yu Fanyuan , Li Chunjie , Wu Si , Zou Jing , Xu Xin , Ye Ling , Zhou Xuedong , Zheng Liwei
Published: February 2020

The high prevalence and heavy socio-economic burden for caries of first permanent molars (FPMs) make the prevention of this disease a major public health goal. Current guidelines recommend a preference of fissure sealant (FS) over fluoride varnish (FV) based on two recent systematic reviews. However, evidences of these two studies are weak because of scarce data and some limitations. Besides, an up-to-date large scale randomized controlled trial (RCT) reported commensurate effectiveness of these two techniques. Thus, in order to more accurately compare the clinical efficacy between FS and FV on caries prevention for FPMs, we carried out this systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 8 RCTs involving 3289 participants and 6878 FPMs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis for the first time showed that there was no statistical difference on caries incidence or occlusal DMFS increment between sealant group and fluoride varnish group at 2~3 years’ follow-up. In that sense, biannual applications of FV or FS may be equally effective on caries prevention for FPMs. These results do not support routine recommendation of FS over FV, thus shedding light on current conceptions. Our findings endow clinicians with a window to reconsider the choice between these two techniques.
Heparin-based hydrogel scaffolding alters the transcriptomic profile and increases the chemoresistance of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Menon Nidhi , Dang Ha X. , Datla Udaya Sree , Moarefian Maryam , Lawrence Christopher B. , Maher Christopher A. , Jones Caroline N.
Published: February 2020

The solid-phase presentation of growth factors in heparin-based hydrogel alters the transcriptomic profile and increases the chemoresistance of MDA-MB-231 cells.
Reproductive and developmental health effects of prenatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water
Authors: Aschengrau Ann , Winter Michael R. , Gallagher Lisa G. , Vieira Veronica M. , Butler Lindsey J. , Fabian M. Patricia , Carwile Jenny L. , Wesselink Amelia K. , Mahalingaiah Shruthi , Janulewicz Patricia A. , Weinberg Janice M. , Webster Thomas F. , Ozonoff David M.
Published: February 2020

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is a common contaminant in both occupational and community settings.
Current status and prospects of memristors based on novel 2D materials
Authors: Zhao Qianlong , Xie Zhongjian , Peng Ya-Pei , Wang Kaiyang , Wang Huide , Li Xiangnan , Wang Hongwei , Chen Jingsheng , Zhang Han , Yan Xiaobing
Published: February 2020

A summary of the characteristics and switching mechanisms of memristors based on novel 2D materials.
Straightforward access to densely substituted chiral succinimides through enantioselective organocatalyzed Michael addition of α-alkyl-cyclic ketones to maleimides
Authors: Wei Lai , Chen Li , Le Bideau Franck , Retailleau Pascal , Dumas Françoise
Published: February 2020

A simple, cheap and unchanged organocatalytic system provides efficient access to densely substituted chiral succinimides bearing QCC–TCC vicinal stereocenters from unreactive α-alkyl cyclic ketones and maleimides.
Magnetic hierarchical porous SiO2 microparticles from droplet microfluidics for water decontamination
Authors: Zhang Mao-Jie , Chen Ting , Zhang Ping , Li Zhi-Lu , Chen Li , Su Yao-Yao , Qiu Lian-Di , Peng Gang , Wang Wei , Chu Liang-Yin
Published: February 2020

A simple and flexible microfluidic strategy is developed to controllably fabricate magnetic, hierarchical meso-/macroporous SiO2 microparticles for enhanced water decontamination.
High-performance supercapacitors based on polyaniline nanowire arrays grown on three-dimensional graphene with small pore sizes
Authors: Zhang Teng , Yue Hongyan , Gao Xin , Yao Fei , Chen Hongtao , Lu Xinxin , Wang Yuanbo , Guo Xinrui
Published: February 2020

Three-dimensional graphene (3D GR)-based hybrids have received significant attention due to their unique structures and promising applications in supercapacitors.
A practical route to azo compounds by metal-free aerobic oxidation of arylhydrazides using an NOx system
Authors: Jo Giwon , Kim Min Hye , Kim Jinho
Published: February 2020

Metal-free aerobic oxidation of aryl hydrazides catalyzed by NOx was developed for the practical and environment friendly synthesis of azo compounds.
All-solid-state Li-metal batteries: role of blending PTFE with PEO and LiTFSI salt as a composite electrolyte with enhanced thermal stability
Authors: Jokhakar Deep A. , Puthusseri Dhanya , Manikandan Palanisamy , Li Zheng , Moon Jooho , Weng Hsin-Jan , Pol Vilas G.
Published: February 2020

Enhancing the ionic conductivity and thermal stability of solid electrolytes is crucial for the development of all-solid-state batteries.
Stomaversorgung in der Neonatologie und Pädiatrie
Authors: Boesel Katrin
Published: February 2020

In der Stomaversorgung bei Frühgeborenen, Neugeborenen, Säuglingen und Kindern stehen Pflegende häufig vor speziellen Herausforderungen. Das Basiswissen dazu wird in der Gesundheits- und (Kinder-)Krankenpflegeausbildung vermittelt. Der praktische Alltag zeigt jedoch, dass neben Einheitlichkeit und Kontinuität in der pflegerischen Versorgung auch eine Anpassung an die Besonderheiten in der kindlichen Stomaversorgung notwendig ist. Dieser Artikel beschreibt, wie durch die Entwicklung und Implementierung einer Leitlinie zur Stomaversorgung bei Kindern Veränderungsprozesse begleitet werden können.
Functional Adaptations in Isokinetic Performance and Shoulder Mobility in Elite Ultimate Frisbee Players
Authors: Koeble Christoph , Seiberl Wolfgang
Published: February 2020

Ultimate Frisbee is a team sport where players mainly use their dominant arm for throwing a flying disc. Little is known about possible functional adaptations to this unilateral strain. The purpose of this study was to investigate shoulder rotation strength and range of motion (ROM) in elite Ultimate Frisbee players. We were especially interested in possible sport-specific functional adaptations of peak torque and work ratios as well as the range of motion of agonist and antagonist shoulder rotators regarding laterality between the dominant and non-dominant body sides. For this reason, the concentric external and internal isokinetic (60°/s) shoulder rotation torque and passive glenohumeral rotation ROM were examined in 15 male subjects (27.5 ± 5.5 yrs; all current or former members of the German National Team) and comparisons of dominant to non-dominant body sides were conducted. Maximum strength (work) during external shoulder rotation was higher on the dominant body side compared with the non-dominant body side (8.4 ± 8.4 %; p < 0.01). No side-to-side differences were found in maximum internal rotation strength. Internal rotation ROM and total ROM were smaller on the dominant body side (21 ± 18 %; p < 0.01 and 5 ± 9 %; p < 0.05). Our findings indicate similar adaptation patterns of shoulder rotation mobility compared to other overhead sports, but differing results regarding shoulder rotation strength. Stretching exercises and monitoring programs are recommended for elite Ultimate Frisbee players, starting at the early stages of the career.
Flut, Fluch oder Segen?
Authors: Zoller Richard , Nositschka Jan
Published: February 2020

Wie nehmen Intensivpflegekräfte die Alarme auf der Intensivstation wahr? Werden sie eher als hilfreich oder als störend empfunden? Sind es zu viele oder eher zu wenige? Und verändert sich die Wahrnehmung je nach Alter der Pflegekräfte? All diesen Fragen ist das Autorenteam in einer Untersuchung auf den Intensivstationen des Uniklinikums Bonn nachgegangen – mit teilweise überraschenden Ergebnissen.
Griffbereit – Physiotherapie bei Rhizarthrose
Authors: Zumhasch Rainer
Published: February 2020

Plötzlich einschießende Schmerzen und Kraftverlust, Probleme beim Besteckhalten und Schlüsseldrehen sowie Ausstrahlungen in die Thenarmuskulatur sind deutliche Zeichen für eine Arthrose im Daumensattelgelenk. Handexperte Rainer Zumhasch beschreibt, was Physiotherapeuten tun können.
Übung des Monats – Der Plyo Push-up
Authors: Hacker Volker , Bauer Natascha
Published: February 2020

In der Reha sollte man Kräftigungsübungen zunächst immer langsam ausführen. Braucht ein Athlet später für seine Sportart schnellere Bewegungen, ist es wichtig, die beteiligten Strukturen auf diese Belastung vorzubereiten – die obere Extremität beispielsweise mit dem Plyo Push-up.
Modic Changes nicht assoziiert mit langfristigen Einschränkungen
Authors: Vielitz Arne
Published: February 2020

Udby PM, Bendix T, Ohrt-Nissen S et al. Modic Changes are not Associated with Long-term Pain and Disability: A Cohort Study with 13-year Follow-up. Spine (Phila
Pa 1976) 2019; 44: 1186–1192. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003051
Chemical Constituents of the Terrestrial Stems of Ephedra sinica and their PPAR-γ Ligand-Binding Activity
Authors: Matsuo Yukiko , Sasaki Mayu , Fukaya Haruhiko , Miyake Katsunori , Takeuchi Riko , Kumata Hidetoshi , Mimaki Yoshihiro
Published: February 2020

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of Ephedra sinica terrestrial stems, using a PPAR-γ ligand binding assay, resulted in the isolation of 10 compounds, including one new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid (10). The structure of the new compound was determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including two-dimensional (2D) NMR. Among the isolated compounds, the sitosterol derivatives (1 and 2), flavonoid glucoside (7), and the new sesquiterpenoid (10), showed significant PPAR-γ ligand-binding activity.
Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound as Diagnostic Options for Unclear Cystic Renal Lesions: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Gassert Felix , Schnitzer Moritz , Kim Su Hwan , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Ernst Benjamin Philipp , Clevert Dirk-André , Nörenberg Dominik , Rübenthaler Johannes , Froelich Matthias Frank
Published: February 2020

Purpose Correct differentiation between malignant and benign incidentally found cystic renal lesions has critical implications for patient management. In several studies contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) showed higher sensitivity with respect to the accurate characterization of these lesions compared to MRI, but the cost-effectiveness of CEUS has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of CEUS as an alternative imaging method to MRI for the characterization of incidentally found cystic renal lesions.

Materials and Methods A decision model including the diagnostic modalities MRI and CEUS was created based on Markov simulations estimating lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The recent literature was reviewed to obtain model input parameters. The deterministic sensitivity of diagnostic parameters and costs was determined and probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte-Carlo Modelling was applied. Willingness-to-pay (WTP) was assumed to be $ 100 000/QALY.

Results In the base-case scenario, the total costs for CEUS were $9654.43, whereas the total costs for MRI were $9675.03. CEUS resulted in an expected effectiveness of 8.06 QALYs versus 8.06 QALYs for MRI. Therefore, from an economic point of view, CEUS was identified as an adequate diagnostic alternative to MRI. Sensitivity analysis showed that results may vary if CEUS costs increase or those of MRI decrease.

Conclusion Based on the results of the analysis, the use of CEUS was identified as a cost-effective diagnostic strategy for the characterization of incidentally found cystic renal lesions.
Single-Stage Hybrid Arch Repair for Patients with Shaggy Aorta
Authors: Oishi Yasuhisa , Kimura Satoshi , Sonoda Hiromichi , Shiose Akira
Published: February 2020

Operating on extended arch aneurysms that contain severe atherosclerotic plaques is difficult. In such cases, the incidence of intraoperative multiple embolization is very high. We applied single-stage hybrid arch repair, which involved ascending aorta replacement and debranching of arch vessels, consecutively with endovascular repair for two patients. This technique was developed to prevent embolization of atherosclerotic plaques during cardiopulmonary bypass, and abrasion of the plaques during thoracic endovascular repair. Both patients recovered without embolic complications.
Acute Stroke Imaging: Current Trends
Authors: Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Gupta Vivek , Khandelwal Niranjan
Published: February 2020

The management of acute ischemic stroke has witnessed a paradigm change in the last few years with the advent of mechanical thrombectomy. Imaging plays a key role in evaluation and patient selection. Computed tomography (CT) forms the workhorse in most centers due to its widespread availability and quick performance, though magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also be adopted as a reasonable alternative. The key role of imaging is to rule out hemorrhage and other stroke mimics while at the same time establish early signs of ischemia and provide detailed information of cervicocranial vasculature and salvageable brain parenchyma; all in the shortest timeframe. Key imaging predictors of good clinical outcomes are good Alberta stroke protocol early CT score (ASPECTS) (greater than 6) and collateral scores. Selection of patients beyond the standard window period of 6 to 8 hours has become possible by tissue perfusion imaging with some recent trials demonstrating the utility of thrombectomy even up to 24 hours. Quick MRI-based protocols are being devised to achieve similar information as on CT with no adverse effects related to radiation and contrast effects. Research is underway to decipher the intricacies of blood flow in the brain through more sophisticated imaging methods in attempt to increase the base for mechanical thrombectomy, which will benefit more number of patients.
Automated Quantification of Blood Loss versus Visual Estimation in 274 Vaginal Deliveries
Authors: Rubenstein Andrew F. , Zamudio Stacy , Douglas Claudia , Sledge Sharon , Thurer Robert L.
Published: February 2020

Objective The aim of the study is to compare quantified blood loss measurement (QBL) using an automated system (Triton QBL, Menlo Park, CA) with visual blood loss estimation (EBL) during vaginal delivery.

Study Design During 274 vaginal deliveries, both QBL and EBL were determined. The automated system batch weighs blood containing sponges, towels, pads, and other supplies and automatically subtracts their dry weights and also the measured amount of amniotic fluid. Each method was performed independently, and clinicians were blinded to the device's results.

Results Median QBL (339 mL [217–515]) was significantly greater than median EBL (300 mL [200–350]; p < 0.0001). The Pearson's correlation between EBL and QBL was poor (r = 0.520) and the Bland–Altman's limits of agreement were wide (>900 mL). QBL measured blood loss >500 mL occurred in 73 (26.6%) patients compared with 14 (5.1%) patients using visual estimation (p < 0.0001). QBL ≥  1,000 mL was recorded in 11 patients (4.0%), whereas only one patient had an EBL blood loss of 1,000 mL and none had EBL >1,000 mL (p = 0.002).

Conclusion Automated QBL recognizes more patients with excessive blood loss than visual estimation. To realize the value of QBL, clinicians must accept the inadequacy of visual estimation and implement protocols based on QBL values. Further studies of clinical outcomes related to QBL are needed.

Key Points
Radiative and gravitating modes in the partially ionized magnetized dusty plasma
Authors: Sharma Prerana , Jain Shweta
Published: February 2020

In the present study, fluid theory is used to investigate the gravitational and radiative condensation instabilities of a partially ionized magnetized dusty plasma system. The effects of ion and electron capture by dust grains, the charge variation of dust grains, and the radiative effects of electron species are also taken into account. The dynamics of all four species are considered to derive modified densities that further lead to a general dispersion relation. The general dispersion relation describes the propagation of low frequency electrostatic dust acoustic waves in magnetized self-gravitating partially ionized dusty plasma with ionization-recombination, dust charge variations, and radiative effects. Gravitational modes of propagation and radiative modes of propagation are illustrated separately for both parallel and perpendicular cases. Conditions for instabilities are also derived to explain the gravitational collapse and radiative condensation of the system. The numerical results are presented to signify the role of dust neutral collision frequency, dust charge fluctuation, magnetic field, and recombination ionization effects on both the radiative condensation and gravitational instabilities. The relevance of the present study to interstellar molecular clouds is also discussed and the effect of considered parameters on the critical wavelength, critical wave number, luminosity, etc., has been investigated.
Net energy gain in direct laser acceleration due to enhanced dephasing induced by an applied magnetic field
Authors: Robinson A. P. L. , Arefiev A. V.
Published: February 2020

Even in the situation where an electron interacts with a single plane wave, the well-known dynamical adiabaticity can be broken when an applied magnetic field is present, which will act to increase the dephasing rate of the electron during the interaction. Here we demonstrate this for the case where there is a uniform static magnetic field which is oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the electric field of the incident plane wave, and perpendicular to the direction of its propagation. The described energy gain phenomenon has direct relevance to laser-plasma interactions that involve external magnetic fields generated by laser-driven capacitor coils.
Low 114  cm−3 free carrier concentration in epitaxial β-Ga2O3 grown by MOCVD
Authors: Alema Fikadu , Zhang Yuewei , Osinsky Andrei , Orishchin Nazar , Valente Nicholas , Mauze Akhil , Speck James S.
Published: February 2020

We report on record low free carrier concentration values in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown β-Ga2O3 by using N2O for oxidation. Contrary to the pure oxygen, the N2O oxidant produced β-Ga2O3 thin films co-doped with nitrogen and hydrogen, but the incorporation efficiency of both impurities is strongly dependent on key MOCVD growth parameters. An array of growth conditions resulted in β-Ga2O3 thin films with N and H concentrations ranging as high as ∼2 × 1019 cm−3 and ∼7 × 1018 cm−3, respectively, to films with no SIMS detectable N and H was identified. Films grown without detectable N and H concentrations showed a room temperature electron mobility of 153 cm2/V s with the corresponding free carrier concentration of 2.4 × 1014 cm−3. This is the lowest room temperature carrier concentration reported for MOCVD grown β-Ga2O3 with excellent electron mobility. A thin β-Ga2O3 buffer layer grown using N2O reduced the net background concentration in an oxygen grown film and is attributed to the compensation of Si at the film/substrate interface by N, which acts as a deep acceptor. The results show that the use of the N2O oxidant can lead to low background concentration and high electron mobility, which paves the road for the demonstration of high-performance power electronic devices with high breakdown voltages and low on-resistances.
Role of hydrodynamics in liquid–liquid transition of a single-component substance
Authors: Takae Kyohei , Tanaka Hajime
Published: February 2020

Significance

Liquid–liquid transition (LLT) in a single-component substance is a counterintuitive phenomenon if we regard a liquid to be isotropic and homogeneous both macroscopically and microscopically. However, we can explain LLT rather naturally once we accept local structural ordering in a liquid. However, there has so far been no study on the role of hydrodynamic interaction, although the fluidity is the most intrinsic feature of liquids. Here we describe a theory of LLT considering the hydrodynamic degree of freedom. Our study not only reveals crucial importance of dynamical coupling between density change upon LLT and hydrodynamic transport but also provides a basis to understand how fluid transport can be coupled to LLT, which may be important for future applications.
Sulfhydration of AKT triggers Tau-phosphorylation by activating glycogen synthase kinase 3β in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sen Tanusree , Saha Pampa , Jiang Tong , Sen Nilkantha
Published: February 2020

Significance

It is well known that AKT inactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) by increasing its phosphorylation. The inactivation of GSK3β leads to aberrant phosphorylation of Tau, which is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. However, we found that if phosphorylated AKT is sulfhydrated, it will be unable to inactivate GSK3β and subsequently increases Tau phosphorylation. The influence of sulfhydrated AKT on GSK3β and Tau phosphorylation was reversed in a transgenic AKT-KI+/+mouse, where sulfhydration of AKT residue was mutated to alanine. Thus, AKT-sulfhydration represents a unique posttranslational modification of AKT that can be targeted to suppress phosphorylation of GSK3β and subsequently reduce Tau phosphorylation.
Dimensions of language education policy in Asia
Authors: Liddicoat Anthony J. , Kirkpatrick Andy
Published: February 2020

This paper will identify the major trends that can be determined from an overall study of recent language policies
across Asia. The trends can be seen across three interrelated themes, namely: the promotion and privileging of one language as the
national language as part of an attempt to create a nation state, often in polities that are linguistically extremely diverse; a
decrease in the promotion of indigenous languages other than the national language and the neglect of these in education in many
countries; and the promotion of English as the first foreign language in education systems, often giving other ‘foreign’ languages
a minimal role in education. Possible reasons and motivations for these trends will be discussed and countries where exceptions to
these trends can be identified will be illustrated. The aim of the paper will be to discuss these trends and to critically
evaluate selected language policies. The paper will conclude with predictions for the future linguistic ecology of the region and for the interrelationships of respective national languages, indigenous languages and English
Spoken word processing in bilingual older adults
Authors: Titone Debra , Mercier Julie , Sudarshan Aruna , Pivneva Irina , Gullifer Jason , Baum Shari
Published: February 2020

We investigated whether bilingual older adults experience within- and cross-language competition during spoken
word recognition similarly to younger adults matched on age of second language (L2) acquisition, objective and subjective L2
proficiency, and current L2 exposure. In a visual world eye-tracking paradigm, older and younger adults, who were French-dominant
or English-dominant English-French bilinguals, listened to English words, and looked at pictures including the target (field), a
within-language competitor (feet) or cross-language (French) competitor (fille, “girl”), and unrelated filler pictures while their
eye movements were monitored. Older adults showed evidence of greater within-language competition as a function of increased
target and competitor phonological overlap. There was some evidence of age-related differences in cross-language competition,
however, it was quite small overall and varied as a function of target language proficiency. These results suggest that greater
within- and possibly cross-language lexical competition during spoken word recognition may underlie some of the communication
difficulties encountered by healthy bilingual older adults.
Pragmatism and expediency: Ottoman calculations and the establishment of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
Authors: Taglia Stefano
Published: February 2020

This article interrogates Ottoman sources from the period leading up to and following the creation, in 1918, of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR) to shed light on the reasons behind Istanbul’s initial backing for this Caucasian state. Despite the suggestion that Ottoman Unionist policies were informed by pan-Turkist ideals, it emerges that Istanbul considered, first and foremost, the geopolitical interests of the Empire. Whether this entailed using foreign Muslims to control a strategic area or favouring the creation of a political entity that was not considered fully feasible, Ottoman self-interest was paramount. Controlling the Caucasus, limiting German, British and Russian influence, and re-gaining lost territory were the only considerations that guided Ottoman policies. This explains Ottoman ambivalence in supporting the emergence of the TDFR, as well as Ottoman willingness to pursue further territorial claims which undermined the very existence of the TDFR itself. The conclusions reached in this article have significance for the larger understanding of Ottoman policy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, as too often pan-Turkism and pan-Islamism are used to explain the policies of Istanbul, while the Ottoman political elite was more usually guided by pragmatic considerations.