bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Placodus (Placodontia, Sauropterygia) dentaries from Winterswijk, The Netherlands (middle Anisian) and Hünfeld, Hesse, Germany (late Anisian) with comments on ontogenetic changes
Authors: Klein Nicole , Wintrich Tania , Hagdorn Hans , Spiller Dave , Winkelhorst Herman , Goris Gerard , Scheyer Torsten M.
Published: March 2022

Two recently found dentaries from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk (The Netherlands) and from the Upper Muschelkalk of an outcrop in the vicinity of Hünfeld (Hesse, Germany) are studied and compared to lower jaws of placodonts. As a result, the here described specimens can be assigned to Placodus cf. gigas. However, this assignment should be regarded as preliminary due to the isolated nature of the material. More diagnostic material is necessary to validate this affiliation. A certain morphological variability in P. gigas dentaries that had been pointed out before is also obvious among the new material. Placodus gigas has a wide paleogeography and stratigraphic range and a revision of the material assigned to P. gigas with new methods is overdue but beyond the scope of the current paper. The dentary from Hünfeld is with about 4 cm preserved length the smallest so far known dentary of a Placodus. It provides interesting insights in morphological changes during ontogeny and reveals differences in trajectories when compared to dentaries of different ontogenetic stages of Cyamodus hildegardis.
Inductive and combinatorial reasoning in international educational context: assessment, measurement invariance, and latent mean differences
Authors: Wu Hao , Saleh Andi Rahmat , Molnár Gyöngyvér
Published: March 2022

Indonesian 15-year-old students’ educational achievement has proved to be significantly lower than the international average based on one of the most prominent international large-scale assessments, OECD PISA. This prompted our interest in Indonesian students’ cognitive development during secondary schooling in comparison with that of students who are more successful on the PISA scale. This study aims to describe the development of Indonesian students’ thinking skills, especially inductive and combinatorial reasoning, to map the influencing factors in the development of reasoning skills and make a cross-national comparison study with their Hungarian peers. The sample was drawn from 250 Indonesian and 864 Hungarian 8th and 11th graders. The reliabilities of the tests were acceptable, with Cronbach’s alpha varying between .70 and .86. Results mainly indicated that: (a) the measures of these two constructs were partially invariant across nationalities; (b) the Indonesian students’ reasoning skills did not sufficiently develop between the 8th and 11th grades; (c) the Indonesian students’ inductive and combinatorial reasoning achievement was significantly worse than that of the Hungarian students in 11th grade, but not in 8th grade; and (d) the students’ learning strategies proved to be predictive factors in students’ reasoning skills achievement in both Indonesian and Hungarian contexts, but the level of prediction varied. Overall, the results of the current study provide support for an understanding of Indonesian students’ cognitive development compared to an international benchmark. The findings have implications for revising educational methods in Indonesia and may form the basis for further studies.
Stories of change in nutrition in Burkina Faso 1992–2018: a micro-level perspective
Authors: Becquey Elodie , Sombié Issa , Touré Mariama , Turowska Zuzanna , Buttarelli Emilie , Nisbett Nicholas
Published: March 2022

Looking back at what has effectively improved nutrition may inform policy makers on how to accelerate progress to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. As under-five stunting declined substantially in Burkina Faso, we analyzed its nutrition story at the micro-level. We conducted a regression-decomposition analysis to identify demographic and health drivers associated with change in height-for-age using longitudinal, secondary, nationally-representative data. We triangulated results with findings from semi-structured community interviews (n = 91) in two “model communities” with a history of large stunting reduction. We found that improvement in immunization coverage, assets accumulation and reduction in open defecation were associated with 23%, 10% and 6.1% of the improvement in height-for-age, respectively. Associations were also found with other education, family planning, health and WASH indicators. Model communities acknowledged progress in the coverage and quality of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive sectoral programs co-located at the community level, especially those delivered through the health and food security sectors, though delivery challenges remained in a context of systemic poverty and persistent food insecurity. Burkina Faso’s health sector’s success in improving coverage of nutrition and healthcare programs may have contributed to improvements in child nutrition alongside other programmatic improvements in the food security, WASH and education sectors. Burkina Faso should continue to operationalize sectoral nutrition-sensitive policies into higher-quality programs at scale, building on its success stories such as vaccination. Community leverage gaps and data gaps need to be filled urgently to pressure for and monitor high coverage, quality delivery, and nutrition impact of agriculture, education, and WASH interventions.
Modeling Analysis of Automated and Connected Cars in Signalized Intersections
Authors: Studer Luca , Ponti Marco , Agriesti Serio , Sala Marco , Gandini Paolo , Marchionni Giovanna , Gugiatti Elena
Published: March 2022

It is acknowledged that many of the problems related to urban congestion can be solved through the diffusion of automated vehicles capable not only of replacing drivers, but also of receiving information from the infrastructure. In this article, the effects of driverless cars (level 3–4 of automation) and of the Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA) system, a particular kind of Cooperative – Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS), will be evaluated at an urban signalized intersection through a set of micro-simulations. The aim of the paper is to analyze the two system as stand-alone before evaluating their jointed implementation, so to obtain their impacts and to analyze if and how they synergize for different levels of market penetration. The results of these simulations demonstrate that automated and connected cars should bring global benefits at intersections and also result in a first set of recommendations and best practices for the implementation of the systems in the short-medium term. Particular focus is given to the interaction between the equipped vehicles and traditional traffic, to frame the negative effects on the overall crossing both in Traffic Efficiency and Environment. Finally, the evaluation of a real crossing in Milan is performed and the results of the overall node are provided for different scenarios and time horizon.
River basin governance enabling pathways for sustainable management: A comparative study between Australia, Brazil, China and France
Authors: Bouckaert Frederick Willem , Wei Yongping , Pittock James , Vasconcelos Vitor , Ison Ray
Published: March 2022

Successful river basin governance is challenged by actor engagement in the various stages of planning and management. A governance approach for determining priorities for actors for sustainable management was developed, based on a river basin diagnostic framework consisting of four social-institutional and four biophysical indicators. It was applied in river basins in Australia, Brazil, China and France. Actors diagnosed current and target capacity for these indicators, and estimated synergistic influences of interacting indicators. The results reveal different priorities and transformative pathways to achieve basin plan outcomes, specific to each basin and actor groups. Priorities include biodiversity for the Murray-Darling, local water management needs for the São Francisco and Yellow rivers, and improved decision-making for the Adour-Garonne. This novel approach challenges entrenched views about key issues and actor engagement roles in co-implementation of the basin plan under existing prevailing governance models, with implications for engagement and international collaboration on basin governance.
A multistep in vitro hemocompatibility testing protocol recapitulating the foreign body reaction to nanocarriers
Authors: Perugini Valeria , Schmid Ruth , Mørch Ýrr , Texier Isabelle , Brodde Martin , Santin Matteo
Published: March 2022

The development of drug nanocarriers based on polymeric, lipid and ceramic biomaterials has been paving the way to precision medicine, where the delivery of poorly soluble active compounds and personalized doses are made possible. However, the nano-size character of these carriers has been demonstrated to have the potential to elicit pathways of the host response different from those of the same biomaterials when engineered as larger size implants and of the drugs when administered without a carrier. Therefore, a specific regulatory framework needs to be made available that can offer robust scientific insights and provide safety data by reliable tests of these novel nano-devices. In this context, the present work presents a multistep protocol for the in vitro assessment of the hemocompatibility of nanocarriers of different physicochemical properties. Poly (ethyl butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles and lipid-based (LipImage™ 815) nanoparticles of comparable hydrodynamic diameter were tested through a battery of assays using human peripheral blood samples and recapitulating the main pathways of the host response upon systemic administration; i.e., protein interactions, fibrinogen-platelet binding, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory response. The data showed the sensitivity and reproducibility of the methods adopted that were also demonstrated to determine individual variability as well as to discriminate between activation of pathways of inflammation and unintended release of inflammatory signaling caused by loss of cell integrity. Therefore, this multistep testing is proposed as a reliable protocol for nanoparticle development and emerging regulatory frameworks.

Graphical abstract
Joint uneven channel information network with blend metric loss for person re-identification
Authors: Yu Zhi , Huang Zhiyong , Qin Wencheng , Guan Tianhui , Zhong Yuanhong , Sun Daming
Published: March 2022

Person re-identification, one of the most challenging tasks in the field of computer vision, aims to recognize the same person cross different cameras. The local feature information has been proved that can improve performance efficiently. Image horizontal even division and pose estimation are two popular methods to extract the local feature. However, the former may cause misalignment, the latter needs much calculation. To fill this gap and improve performance, an efficient strategy is proposed in this work. First, a joint uneven channel information network consisting of an uneven channel information extraction network and a channel information fusion network is designed. Different from the traditional image division, the former can divide images horizontally and unevenly with strong alignment based on weak pose estimation, and extract multiple channel information. The latter can joint channel information based on channel validity and generate an efficient similarity descriptor. To optimize the joint uneven channel information network efficiently, this work proposes a blend metric loss. The extra image information is utilized to dynamically adjust the penalty for the sample distance and the distance margin based on the outlier of the hardest sample to construct i-TriHard loss. Besides, softmax loss and center loss are embedded in the blend metric loss, which can guide the network to learn more discriminative features. Our method achieves 89.6% mAP and 95.9% Rank-1 on Market-1501, 79.9% mAP and 89.4% Rank-1 on DukeMTMC. The proposed method also performs excellently on occluded datasets.
Religiosität, gesellschaftliche Einstellungen und politische Orientierungen in Deutschland
Authors: Müller Olaf , Pollack Detlef
Published: March 2022

Der Beitrag fragt danach, wie sich die religiöse Landschaft in Deutschland heute gestaltet und in welcher Beziehung sie zu anderen Bereichen des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenlebens steht. Dabei richtet sich der Blick sowohl auf allgemeine und übergreifende Tendenzen und Muster als auch auf Aspekte, die unterschiedliche soziale Gruppen voneinander trennen. Nach einem kurzen geschichtlichen Abriss wird die aktuelle Situation und Entwicklung des religiösen Feldes anhand ausgewählter Befunde aus dem Religionsmonitor dargestellt. Neben der Differenzierung zwischen dem Gebiet der „alten“ Bundesrepublik und dem der ehemaligen DDR steht hierbei der Vergleich der gesellschaftlich bedeutendsten religiösen bzw. weltanschaulichen Gruppierungen im Mittelpunkt. Schließlich wird analysiert, inwieweit sich die Gruppen im Hinblick auf ausgewählte gesellschaftliche und politische Einstellungen und Orientierungen unterscheiden. Mit Blick auf die Rolle der Religion in der Gesellschaft und ihre Bedeutung für die Bevölkerung verläuft innerhalb Deutschlands nach wie vor eine entscheidende Trennlinie zwischen dem weitgehend säkularisierten „Osten“ und dem noch immer vergleichsweise stark konfessionell-religiös geprägten „Westen“. Innerreligiöse Differenzen lassen sich hauptsächlich zwischen den christlich geprägten Bevölkerungsteilen auf der einen und der muslimischen Minderheit auf der anderen Seite ausmachen. Hinsichtlich der Frage, inwieweit Religion auch in andere Wertebereiche hineinwirkt und welche Rolle sie in diesem Zusammenhang für Aspekte des sozialen Zusammenhalts spielt, fällt das Ergebnis ambivalent aus: In Bezug auf die Zustimmung zur Legitimität der Demokratie konnten wir kaum Differenzen zwischen den Religionen ausmachen, wohl aber zwischen verschiedenen Typen von Religiosität. Einstellungen zu Geschlechterrollen und zur gleichgeschlechtlichen Ehe differieren dagegen auch in Abhängigkeit von der religiösen Zugehörigkeit. Stärkere Vorbehalte gegenüber liberalen geschlechterspezifischen Haltungen lassen sich vor allem bei Befragten muslimischen Glaubens feststellen, wobei sich über die Generationen hinweg eine Annäherung an die anderen Gruppen feststellen lässt.
What Can Affective Science Contribute to Eradicating Structural Racism?
Authors: Harris Lasana T.
Published: March 2022

This introduction to the Special Issue in Affective Science on structural racism lays a challenge to affective science researchers: improve the inefficiency in our science. It describes how structural racism leads to inefficiencies in idea generation, technological development, training, and career progression in our science, limiting its ability to fully discover the role of affect in the human condition. It briefly describes the content of the special issue, and attempts to start a dialogue about best practices for inclusive science.
Expertise, playfulness and analogical reasoning: three strategies to train Artificial Intelligence for design applications
Authors: Mirra Gabriele , Pugnale Alberto
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a theoretical framework for the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in architectural and structural design processes, and it is complemented by some practical applications. The aim is to demonstrate that AI can be used to simulate certain aspects of human cognition and can therefore be integrated into CAD software to support conceptual design and idea generation in a number of different ways. The aim of this study is also to investigate to what extent AI models can interact with a designer to explore future forms of human–machine interaction, including autonomous and participative design. This study identifies and applies AI models to simulate three distinct learning mechanisms: design expertise, playfulness and analogical reasoning. Each strategy has been applied to train different AI models, including generative models and reinforcement learning agents. In the first application, the AI model extracts visual features from a dataset of shell and spatial structures, and then recombines such features to generate new design propositions. In the second application, an AI agent learns a design strategy to solve a toy-design problem with no prior knowledge of precedents. The third application illustrates that AI can be trained to discover meaningful features from biological forms and generate simple design objects through the visual abstraction of such forms. The applications demonstrate the ability of AI to synthesise design options and interact with a designer through visual data formats, such as 2D images and 3D models. This work does not focus on assessing the usefulness of AI models in a real-world design scenario, or on comparing AI with current computational design tools and approaches. It instead investigates different forms of design exploration for computational design purposes, thus paving the way for the development of future autonomous and participative design systems.
A Novel Hotel Selection Decision Support Model Based on the Online Reviews from Opinion Leaders by Best Worst Method
Authors: Wu Jian , Liu Chenhang , Wu Yang , Cao Mingshuo , Liu Yujia
Published: March 2022

Hotel selection is an important decision in making travel plans. Since hotel selection is a typical non-expert decision, online reviews provide people with information about the hotels and travel destinations they never went to. Several studies construct the decision model based on online reviews with the subjective weights of criteria but ignore the objective weight of criteria derived by opinion leaders, which contributes to the review helpfulness. This study proposes a decision-making model based on online reviews for satisfactory hotel selection. Firstly, an RFMP model is proposed to extract the online reviews of opinion leaders, and the Word2vec method is used to extract the criteria from the online review of opinion leaders. Secondly, obtain the objective weight of criteria from the online reviews of opinion leaders by Word2Vec. Meanwhile, obtain the subjective weight of criteria by the best worst method(BWM) method. Thus, the weight of the hotel selection criteria can be obtained by a linear weighting of objective and subjective weight with a parameter. Thirdly, the hotel selection process based on TOPSIS is employed. Finally, a case study of 8 alternative hotels on Mafengwo.com is applied to verify the proposed model. Comparison experiments and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the reasonableness and advantage of the proposed model.
An enhanced model for Rosenkranz’s logic of justification
Authors: Rossi Niccolò
Published: March 2022

Rosenkranz (2021) devised two bimodal epistemic logics: an idealized one and a realistic one. The former is shown to be sound with respect to a class of neighborhood frames called i-frames. Rosenkranz designed a specific i-frame able to invalidate a series of undesired formulas, proving that these are not theorems of the idealized logic. Nonetheless, an unwanted formula and an unwanted rule of inference are not invalidated. Invalidating the former guarantees the distinction between the two modal operators characteristic of the logic, while invalidating the latter is crucial in order to deal with the problem of logical omniscience. In this paper, I present an i-frame able to invalidate all the undesired formulas already invalidated by Rosenkranz, together with the missing formula and rule of inference.
Coming Soon: Ability to Orgasm After Gender Affirming Vaginoplasty
Authors: Blasdel Gaines , Kloer Carmen , Parker Augustus , Castle Elijah , Bluebond-Langner Rachel , Zhao Lee C.
Published: March 2022

Background

Many patients have goals related to sexual health when seeking gender-affirming vaginoplasty, and previous investigations have only studied the ability to orgasm at cross-sectional timepoints.

Aim

Our aim is to quantify the time to orgasm postoperative gender-affirming vaginoplasty and describe potential correlative factors, including preoperative orgasm, to improve preoperative counseling.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was utilized to extract factors thought to influence pre and postoperative orgasm in patients undergoing robotic peritoneal flap vaginoplasty. Mean days to orgasm plus one standard deviation above that mean was used to define the time at which patients would be considered anorgasmic.

Outcomes

Orgasm was documented as a categorical variable on the basis of surgeon interviews during pre and postoperative appointments while time to orgasm was measured as days from surgery to first date documented as orgasmic in the medical record.

Results

A total of 199 patients underwent surgery from September 2017 to August 2020. The median time to orgasm was 180 days. 178 patients had completed 1 year or greater of follow-up, and of these patients, 153 (86%) were orgasmic and 25 patients (14%) were not. Difficulty in preoperative orgasm was correlated only with older age (median age 45.9 years vs 31.7, P = .03). Postoperative orgasm was not significantly correlated with preoperative orgasm. The only factor related to postoperative orgasm was smoking history: 12 of 55 patients (21.8%) who had a positive smoking history and sufficient follow-up reported anorgasmia (P-value .046). Interventions for anorgasmic patients include testosterone replacement, pelvic floor physical therapy, and psychotherapy.

Clinical Implications

Preoperative difficulty with orgasm improves with gender-affirming robotic peritoneal flap vaginoplasty, while smoking had a negative impact on postoperative orgasm recovery despite negative cotinine test prior to surgery.

Strengths & Limitations

This investigation is the first effort to determine a timeline for the return of orgasmic function after gender-affirming vaginoplasty. It is limited by retrospective review methodology and lack of long-term follow-up. The association of smoking with postoperative orgasm despite universal nicotine cessation prior to surgery may indicate prolonged smoking cessation improves orgasmic outcomes or that underlying, unmeasured exposures correlated with smoking may be the factor inhibiting recovery of orgasm.

Conclusion

The majority of patients were orgasmic at their 6-month follow-up appointments, however, patients continued to become newly orgasmic in appreciable numbers more than 1 year after surgery.
Characterizing surface-gap effects on boundary-layer transition dominated by Tollmien–Schlichting instability
Authors: Crouch J. D. , Kosorygin V. S. , Sutanto M. I. , Miller G. D.
Published: March 2022

Effects of gaps (rectangular surface cavities) on boundary-layer transition are investigated using a combination of linear stability theory and experiments, for boundary layers where the smooth-surface transition results from Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) instability. Results are presented for a wide range of gap characteristics, with the associated transition locations ranging from the smooth-surface location all the way forward to the gap location. The transition movement is well described by a variable

$N$

-factor, which links the gap characteristics to the level of instability amplification

$e^N$

leading to transition. The gap effects on TS-wave transition are characterized by two limiting behaviours. For shallow gaps

$d/w < 0.017$

, the reduction in

$N$

-factor is a function of the gap depth

$d$

and is independent of the gap width

$w$

. For deep gaps

$d/w > 0.028$

, the reduction in

$N$

-factor is a function of the gap width and is independent of the gap depth. When both the gap width and depth are sufficiently large relative to the displacement thickness

$\delta ^*$

, the TS-wave transition is bypassed, resulting in transition at the gap location. These behaviours are mapped out in terms of (

$w/ \delta ^*$

,

$d/ \delta ^*$

), providing a predictive model for gap effects on transition.
Language and Gender in the Early Modern Mediterranean
Authors: Dursteler Eric
Published: March 2022

The early modern Mediterranean was a space of expansive linguistic mixing, and multilingual discourse was a common response to the exigencies of communication within this context. There is a growing body of scholarship on male multilingualism; however, women have been largely overlooked. This article argues that far from marginalized outsiders, as they were often depicted, women were active participants in the Mediterranean linguistic ecology. They developed communication strategies and techniques to navigate language difference in trade, travel, work, diplomatic, and domestic settings. The numerous and varied spaces that they occupied were not barriers but doorways to their participation in the multilingual Mediterranean.
Descartes at School: HisRulesas a Jesuit Study Manual
Authors: Kaplan Abram
Published: March 2022

René Descartes's “Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii” (Rules for the direction of the mind) is a satirical study manual concerned with invention in the humanist sense of the discovery of arguments in texts, not the discovery of novelties in nature. Descartes employed Jesuit pedagogical techniques and an extensive technical vocabulary shared by Aristotelian philosophy and classical rhetoric to criticize the shortcomings of Scholastic philosophy. Although it felt like philosophy to its practitioners, technical dialectic appeared from the outside as a classroom exercise of commonplacing, fueled by schoolroom rivalry and vanity. The interplay of play and seriousness in the “Regulae” challenges standard philosophical hermeneutics.
When Do Männerparteien Elect Women? Radical Right Populist Parties and Strategic Descriptive Representation
Authors: WEEKS ANA CATALANO , MEGUID BONNIE M. , KITTILSON MIKI CAUL , COFFÉ HILDE
Published: March 2022

Radical right populist (RRP) parties are often described as Männerparteien, predominantly led by, represented by, and supported by men. Yet recently, these parties have elected more women. Under what conditions do we see this increase in women MPs? This paper presents a novel argument of strategic descriptive representation: electorally struggling RRP parties with large gender gaps in voter support increase their proportion of women MPs to attract previously untapped women voters. To test this argument, we develop the most comprehensive dataset to date on women MPs and gender differences in voter support across Europe and over time, covering 187 parties in 30 countries from 1985 to 2018. Our analyses confirm that RRP parties engage in strategic descriptive representation when they are both struggling electorally and suffering from a gender gap in support. Additional models reveal that this tactic is largely unique to RRP parties.
Compliance modeling of a full 6-DOF series–parallel flexure-based Stewart platform-like micromanipulator
Authors: Mishra Suraj Kumar , Kumar Cheruvu Siva
Published: March 2022

With many micromanipulator designs emerging in micro and nanosystem applications, the element of compliance in the mechanisms is gaining attention. Several designs consider motions limited in a plane for high accuracy and repeatability as needed in micro/nano manipulation applications. Extending this to a full spatial configuration with coupled motions of series and parallel linkages with flexure joints of 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) and 3-DOF needs a systematic analytical approach. One such approach for compliance analysis is presented in this article for a mechanism designed at Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. To validate the analytical models, finite element analysis simulations are performed with the help of the Abaqus-6.14 software package. Following the successful validation, the effect of structural parameters on the performance is presented with the help of the analytical expressions. We explore the performance of the mechanism with different dimensions of flexures of a particular type. Results indicate that the design with dissimilar dimensional parameters can give superior performance.
Heterogeneity in caregiving-related early adversity: Creating stable dimensions and subtypes
Authors: Nikolaidis Aki , Heleniak Charlotte , Fields Andrea , Bloom Paul A. , VanTieghem Michelle , Vannucci Anna , Camacho Nicolas L. , Choy Tricia , Gibson Lisa , Harmon Chelsea , Hadis Syntia S. , Douglas Ian J. , Milham Michael P. , Tottenham Nim
Published: March 2022

Early psychosocial adversities exist at many levels, including caregiving-related, extrafamilial, and sociodemographic, which despite their high interrelatedness may have unique impacts on development. In this paper, we focus on caregiving-related early adversities (crEAs) and parse the heterogeneity of crEAs via data reduction techniques that identify experiential cooccurrences. Using network science, we characterized crEA cooccurrences to represent the comorbidity of crEA experiences across a sample of school-age children (n = 258; 6–12 years old) with a history of crEAs. crEA dimensions (variable level) and crEA subtypes (subject level) were identified using parallel factor analysis/principal component analysis and graph-based Louvain community detection. Bagging enhancement with cross-validation provided estimates of robustness. These data-driven dimensions/subtypes showed evidence of stability, transcended traditional sociolegally defined groups, were more homogenous than sociolegally defined groups, and reduced statistical correlations with sociodemographic factors. Finally, random forests showed both unique and common predictive importance of the crEA dimensions/subtypes for childhood mental health symptoms and academic skills. These data-driven outcomes provide additional tools and recommendations for crEA data reduction to inform precision medicine efforts in this area.
In her shoes: Partner reflective functioning promotes family-level resilience to maternal depression
Authors: Goldstein Alison , Borelli Jessica L. , Shai Dana
Published: March 2022

Parental depression has significant implications for family functioning, yet much of the literature does not consider family-level dynamics in investigating individual, parenting and child outcomes. In the current study we apply a new index of couple-level support, partner reflective functioning (RF), or the romantic partner’s ability to consider how the partner’s mental states can guide behavior, to study familial resiliency in the face of prenatal parental depression among first-time parents. We investigate how partner RF buffers the association between prenatal parental depression and outcomes of postnatal parental depression, parenting style, and child effortful control. Maternal and paternal depression were measured in 91 primiparous couples during the sixth month of pregnancy and parental depression, partner RF, parental RF at 6 months postnatally. Outcomes of parental depression, permissive parenting, and children’s effortful control were assessed 24 months postnatally. Results indicate that average and high levels of paternal partner (not parental) RF attenuate risk for maternal postnatal depression, maternal permissive parenting, and deficits in child effortful control. Implications are discussed from a family systems approach.
Silence and Small Gestures: Jews and non-Jews in the Netherlands (1940–1945)
Authors: Burzlaff Jan
Published: March 2022

Through a systematic analysis of 500 Jewish testimonies, this article seeks to expand the social and cultural history of the Nazi-occupied Netherlands. Shifting the focus away from heated debates about ‘knowledge’ of the Holocaust towards wartime social interactions, it argues that prevailing notions of ‘resistance/collaboration’ and ‘rescue/betrayal’ do not fully account for the civilian obstruction of Nazi policies and many small gestures of support towards Jews. Ultimately, as a crucial addition to German and non-Jewish Dutch sources, Jewish accounts invite further perspectives on the broader landscape of Jews’ perceptions and memories of non-Jews, acts of disobedience and the effects of polarisation across Nazi-occupied Western Europe.
HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL SHRINKING TARGET PROBLEM FOR BETA DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: HUSSAIN MUMTAZ , WANG WEILIANG
Published: March 2022

We consider the two-dimensional shrinking target problem in beta dynamical systems (for general
$\beta>1$
) with general errors of approximation. Let
$f, g$
be two positive continuous functions. For any
$x_0,y_0\in [0,1]$
, define the shrinking target set
$$ \begin{align*}E(T_\beta, f,g):=\left\{(x,y)\in [0,1]^2: \begin{array}{@{}ll@{}} \lvert T_{\beta}^{n}x-x_{0}\rvert <e^{-S_nf(x)}\\[1ex] \lvert T_{\beta}^{n}y-y_{0}\rvert < e^{-S_ng(y)} \end{array} \ {\text{for infinitely many}} \ n\in \mathbb N \right\}, \end{align*} $$

where
$S_nf(x)=\sum _{j=0}^{n-1}f(T_\beta ^jx)$
is the Birkhoff sum. We calculate the Hausdorff dimension of this set and prove that it is the solution to some pressure function. This represents the first result of this kind for the higher-dimensional beta dynamical systems.
Early Intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ribeiro Marilzete Fernandes , Barreto Jorgiana Baú Mena , Sousa-Gomes Valéria
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Early intervention in autism has become possible with the identification of this disorder at earlier ages, but the scientific production on this subject is still very incipient. The present study aimed to characterize scientific production in Brazil regarding early intervention in the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), resorting to the database of the Capes Journal Platform ( Plataforma de Periódicos Capes). The procedure used for the theoretical search was an integrative literature review. The discussion on the analysis of the review occurred with the inclusion of articles published in Portuguese, between 2001 and 2020, with the keywords: “intervention”, “early” and “autism.” As a result, a total of 83 texts were found. Of this total, 65 articles were published in peer-reviewed journals and made available as an online resource on the Capes Journal Platform. In the next phase of data analysis, we decided to categorize the articles included in the search process ( N = 25), based on the following categories: “autism” (19) and “early autism intervention” (6). A very low percentage of publications related to this topic were identified in the search universe, although an increase in studies has been observed in recent years. Nonetheless, we concluded that the six articles on early intervention agree that the sooner the disorder is diagnosed and the child is stimulated, the greater the effectiveness in the development of communication and language, as well as social interaction.
Evaluating Seasonal Wildfire Susceptibility and Wildfire Threats to Local Ecosystems in the Largest Forested Area of China
Authors: Tang Xianzhe , Machimura Takashi , Li Jiufeng , Yu Huafei , Liu Wei
Published: March 2022

The frequent occurrence of wildfires presents a serious threat to human livelihoods and local ecosystems. The use of machine learning (ML) methods to assess wildfire susceptibility can provide decision support for disaster prevention. However, most current ML‐based wildfire susceptibility assessments overly focus on spatially evaluating the disaster threat, while ignoring the potential threats of wildfires to local ecosystems. This situation makes it difficult to determine seasonal variations in wildfire susceptibility and limits the value of assessment results. We present a framework to assess wildfire susceptibility and wildfire threats seasonally to local ecosystems. The ecosystem service value (ESV) was used as a proxy for the economic value of an ecosystem, the random forest algorithm was used to evaluate wildfire susceptibility, and the Daxinganling region, the largest forested area in China, was selected as the study area, and the dynamic equivalent coefficient factor method was used to calculate the ESV of each cell. Our main findings were as follows: (a) wildfire susceptibility exhibited obvious disparities in terms of spatial distribution across the four seasons; (b) each ecosystem in the study area faced a different magnitude of wildfire disturbance; and (c) the expected ESV loss (USD 10.8 billion) due to wildfires was much higher than the region’s total GDP (USD 2 billion) in 2019. This study was repeatable, and all data required were obtained freely. The methodologies used can be applied directly to other regions. Our study will be of particular interest to developing counties where intensive wildfire monitoring is limited.
The Important Role of Enzyme Adsorbing Capacity of Soil Minerals in Regulating β‐Glucosidase Activity
Authors: Sheng Yizhi , Dong Hailiang , Coffin Ethan , Myrold David , Kleber Markus
Published: March 2022

Mineral surfaces are known for their ability to adsorb enzymes, but their effects on enzyme activity are not well studied. This study explores the extent to which interaction with primary silicates and secondary minerals affects the activity and longevity of a model soil enzyme β‐glucosidase (BG). The BG activity was correlated with the capacity‐related properties of minerals (controlling space for adsorption), including specific surface area (SSA) and the SSA‐normalized amount of BG adsorption, but not with the functional properties (controlling the mechanisms of adsorption) such as surface charge. BG conformational change is a function of SSA‐normalized amount of adsorption, suggesting that spatially more distributed enzyme molecules would have a higher probability of encounter with the substrate than the congested molecules. The highest decay rate of BG activity was observed in the presence of Mn‐oxide. Our results shed new light on the effect of mineral surface on enzyme activity.
Statistical Study of Seasonal and Solar Activity Dependence of Nighttime MSTIDs Occurrence Using the SuperDARN Hokkaido Pair of Radars
Authors: Hazeyama W. , Nishitani N. , Hori T. , Nakamura T. , Perwitasari S.
Published: March 2022

We conduct a statistical analysis on nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) using the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) Hokkaido East (43.53°N, 143.61°E) high‐frequency (HF) radar data from 2009 to 2019 and the SuperDARN Hokkaido West (43.54°N, 143.61°E) HF radar data from 2016 to 2019. We analyze the line‐of‐sight Doppler velocity data, corresponding to the magnitude of the polarization electric field associated with nighttime MSTIDs. We find that the propagation direction of the nighttime MSTIDs is mainly southwestward and rotates clockwise with progressing local time. In addition, we identify a negative correlation between the nighttime MSTIDs amplitude and the solar F10.7 index. These tendencies can be explained by the Perkins instability, which is considered to be associated with the growth of nighttime MSTIDs. This study is the first to find the solar activity dependence of the polarization electric field fluctuations associated with the nighttime MSTIDs.
Dawn‐Dusk Ion Flow Asymmetry in the Plasma Sheet: Interplanetary Magnetic Field By Versus Distance With Respect to the Neutral Sheet
Authors: Chong Ghai Siung , Pitkänen T. , Hamrin M. , Kullen A.
Published: March 2022

Previous studies have shown that the average dawn‐dusk component of the perpendicular plasma flow in the plasma sheet (V⊥) can vary depending on the distance relative to the neutral sheet and the dawn‐dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF By). In this study, we combined 33 years of data from the Geotail, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, Cluster, and magnetospheric multiscale missions to study the slow (<200 km/s) ion flows perpendicular to the magnetic field. We find that IMF By has a hemispheric dependent influence on both the tail By and tail V⊥. Particularly, the influence is more prominent in the midnight sector (compared to both the pre‐ and post‐midnight sectors) and at distances far from the neutral sheet (compared to the distances close to the neutral sheet). However, at distances close to the neutral sheet, there is an increased dominance of duskward flows which dominates over the systematic influence of IMF By on tail V⊥. Our results indicate that IMF By has a major influence on the magnetic flux transport in the magnetotail, mainly at distances far from the neutral sheet. The influence is weaker at distances close to the neutral sheet.
Impacts of Limited Model Resolution on the Representation of Mountain Wave and Secondary Wave Dynamics in Local and Global Models: 2. Mountain Wave and Secondary Wave Evolutions in the Thermosphere
Authors: Fritts David C. , Lund Adam C. , Lund Thomas S. , Yudin Valery
Published: March 2022

A companion paper by Fritts et al. (2022), https://doi.org/10.1002/2021JD035990 describes the consequences of decreasing horizontal resolution in the description of mountain wave (MW) propagation, breaking, and large‐scale responses over the Southern Andes reaching into the mesosphere. This paper extends that analysis into the thermosphere, where MWs are confined below a critical level, but secondary gravity waves and acoustic waves become prominent and dominate the wave fields at higher altitudes. Like MWs at lower altitudes, the character and responses of secondary waves are strongly dependent on model resolution. MWs readily penetrate above a zonal wind minimum in the upper mesosphere and exhibit responses for varying resolution similar to those at lower altitudes. Both the MW and local mean responses weaken somewhat for resolution varying from 0.5 to 2 km, weaken more significantly for 4‐km resolution, and fail to approximate the high‐resolution results for 8‐km resolution. MW momentum fluxes and induced local mean responses are very different than those in the mesosphere, but exhibit similar variability with coarsening resolution. Secondary gravity waves at larger scales arise due to MW‐induced mean wind decelerations, hence are not highly sensitive to model resolutions of ∼0.5–2 km approximating MW breaking. However, acoustic waves are forced primarily by MW breaking, thus are poorly described at 2‐km resolution and absent at 4‐km resolution. These results reveal the dynamics that can and cannot be explicitly modeled as resolution is coarsened, and may aid in assessing, parameterizing, and/or compensating for the unresolved dynamics and their consequences.
Scenario‐Based Multiobjective Robust Optimization and Decision‐Making Framework for Optimal Operation of a Cascade Hydropower System Under Multiple Uncertainties
Authors: Xu Bin , Sun Yu , Huang Xin , Zhong Ping‐an , Zhu Feilin , Zhang Jianyun , Wang Xiaojun , Wang Guoqing , Ma Yufei , Lu Qingwen , Wang Han , Guo Le
Published: March 2022

Forecast errors of multiple information sources of a cascade hydropower system cause risks of water and energy supply in real‐time operation. Mechanisms minimizing multiple risks with budgeted cost under oscillations of multiple forecast uncertainties through robust operation are not yet well‐investigated. This study proposed a multiobjective robust optimization (RO) and decision‐making framework comprising series of models for risk analysis, robust control, and decision making. The risk analysis model identifies and analyzes dependent risks that stem from forecast errors of supply and demand‐side information by Copula functions. A RO model was established for minimizing risk probabilities, vulnerabilities of ecological protection, water and energy supply, as well as revenue loss from energy. Thereafter, a multiattribute decision‐making model was incorporated for determining the compromise solution from competing non‐dominated solutions. The proposed framework was applied to the cascade hydropower system of the Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Three Gorges project and Gezhouba reservoirs on the Yangtze River, China. The principal findings were as follows. (a) Addressing the singular forecast uncertainty of streamflow is inadequate to obtain robust solutions. (b) In a normal year, RO can reduce the average conditional value‐at‐risk of ecological water shortfall, consumptive water shortfall, and energy shortfall by 25.1%, 35.3%, and 16.5% than that of chance‐constrained programming. (c) Multiple risks are dispersed through risk avoidance and hedging that reduces outflow variance and homogenizes mean outflow, lowering down efficiencies of energy production and water usage as a tradeoff. The proposed model framework could be applied to inform operation of cascade hydropower systems.
Strain Partitioning in the Southern Ryukyu Margin Revealed by Seafloor Geodetic and Seismological Observations
Authors: Chen Horng‐Yue , Hsu Ya‐Ju , Ikuta Ryoya , Tung Hsin , Tang Chi‐Hsien , Ku Chin‐Shang , Su Hsuan‐Han , Jian Pei‐Ru , Ando Masataka , Tsujii Toshiaki
Published: March 2022

The southern Ryukyu subduction zone is one of the potential sources for tsunamigenic earthquakes. Despite a great seismic risk, the deformation pattern remains poorly known, primarily due to the absence of seafloor constraints. With GNSS‐acoustic measurements over years, we characterize the convergence rate across this margin growing from 92 mm/yr offshore eastern Taiwan to 123 mm/yr near the Gagua Ridge. The new data suggest the subduction interface is capable of hosting Mw 7.5–8.4 earthquakes. The orientations of seafloor movement and P‐axes in the Nanao Basin are both subnormal to the trench, notably deviate from the direction of plate convergence. By considering the combined effect of plate convergence and backarc rifting, different trends between the forearc convergence, P‐axes, and seafloor movement may indicate some degree of slip‐partitioning. The trench‐parallel component is likely accommodated in part by earthquakes near Taiwan, lower plate deformation, and strike‐slip faults within the accretionary wedge.
Interdecadal Modulation of ENSO‐Related Anomalous Equatorial Intermediate Currents in the Western Pacific by the PDO
Authors: Ma Qiang , Wang Jianing , Wang Fan , Lyu Yilong , Zhang Zhixiang
Published: March 2022

As the most prominent decadal variability in the Pacific Ocean, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) can influence the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation‐related atmospheric and upper oceanic motions. Based on results from ocean reanalysis products and linear continuously stratified model experiments, we reveal that the PDO can further extend its interdecadal modulation effect to the equatorial intermediate currents below the thermocline. For the maximum El Niño‐related intermediate eastward transport anomaly in the western Pacific, its magnitude during the warm PDO is nearly twice as large as that during the cold PDO, and its occurrence time in the warm PDO leads that in the cold PDO by about 2 months. Such modulation is achieved through westward and downward propagation of the reflected Kelvin‐to‐Rossby waves, triggered by enhanced and eastward‐displaced anomalous westerly wind. The decisive wind forcing region for the modulation is located over the equatorial central Pacific of 5°S–5°N and 180°–140°W.