bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memorial de aprendizagem e a formação do professor: vozes constitutivas da relação aprender/ensinar línguas estrangeiras
Authors: Brito Cristiane C. de Paula , Guilherme Maria de Fátima F.
Published: August 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir uma pesquisa que investigou representações construídas em memoriais de aprendizagem, escritos por professores pré-serviço de línguas estrangeiras (LEs), em uma universidade federal do estado de Minas Gerais. O foco foi não apenas compreender como esses professores significam seus processos de aprendizagem de LE, mas também problematizar os possíveis impactos dessas significações em sua futura vida profissional. A pesquisa adotou uma perspectiva inter/transdisciplinar (Linguística Aplicada, Análise do Discurso francesa e Análise Dialógica do Discurso) para examinar como a LE, o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e os sujeitos são representados. Os resultados acenam que a relação dos professores no que diz respeito às suas experiências de aprendizagem na LE é norteada por representações que revelam sua incompletude, bem como sua constante e contínua interpelação de tornar-se sujeito na LE.
Gêneros, multimodalidade e letramentos
Authors: Medeiros Zulmira
Published: August 2014

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise da multimodalidade em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, bem como da apropriação de novos gêneros discursivos e do letramento acadêmico vivenciado por alunos de um curso de graduação semipresencial. O objetivo foi compreender as relações que os sujeitos constroem entre si e com o próprio ambiente multimodal por meio da escrita online. Os resultados demonstraram que a multimodalidade influencia as escolhas, a navegação e a própria escrita. Percebemos que o texto e o discurso produzidos por esses sujeitos nesse ambiente modificam-se ao longo do tempo, influenciados que são pelas relações que estabelecem entre si, com a própria tecnologia e com o meio acadêmico.
The importance of word-final vowel duration for non-native portuguese speaker identification by means of Support Vector Machines
Authors: Franks Suzanne , Barbosa Rommel
Published: August 2014

This article studies the acoustic characteristics of some oral vowels in tonic syllables of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and which acoustic features are important for classifying native versus non-native speakers of BP. We recorded native and non-native speakers of BP for the purpose of the acoustic analysis of the vowels [a], [i], and [u] in tonic syllables. We analyzed the acoustic parameters of each segment using the Support Vector Machines algorithm to identify to which group, native or non-native, a new speaker belongs. When all of the variables were considered, a precision of 91% was obtained. The two most important acoustic cues to determine if a speaker is native or non-native were the durations of [i] and [u] in a word-final position. These findings can contribute to BP speaker identification as well as to the teaching of the pronunciation of Portuguese as a foreign language.
Long latency auditory evoked potentials in children with cochlear implants: systematic review
Authors: Silva Liliane Aparecida Fagundes , Couto Maria Inês Vieira , Matas Carla Gentile , Carvalho Ana Claudia Martinho de
Published: August 2014

The aim of this study was to analyze the findings on Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in children with cochlear implant through a systematic literature review. After formulation of research question and search of studies in four data bases with the following descriptors: electrophysiology (eletrofisiologia), cochlear implantation (implante coclear), child (criança), neuronal plasticity (plasticidade neuronal) and audiology (audiologia), were selected articles (original and complete) published between 2002 and 2013 in Brazilian Portuguese or English. A total of 208 studies were found; however, only 13 contemplated the established criteria and were further analyzed; was made data extraction for analysis of methodology and content of the studies. The results described suggest rapid changes in P1 component of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in children with cochlear implants. Although there are few studies on the theme, cochlear implant has been shown to produce effective changes in central auditory path ways especially in children implanted before 3 years and 6 months of age.
A new proposal for evaluation of the pharyngoesophageal segment and its relation with the narrow-band spectrogram in tracheoesophageal speakers
Authors: Fouquet Marina Lang , Behlau Mara , Gonçalves Antônio José
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) configuration and narrow-band spectrogram of tracheoesophageal voices. METHODS: This study included 30 total laryngectomees tracheoesophageal speakers. Patients were assessed by videofluoroscopy (VF), during deglutition and voicing, and the vowel /a/ was recorded for spectrographic analysis. The evaluation of VF recording consisted of visual perceptual rating of degree of contact between the prominence of PES and its anterior wall, defined as absent/mild (hypo contact), moderate (normo contact) and intense (hyper contact); and quantitative measures of PES: anteroposterior distance (APD) and length of the PES (lenPES); PES surface area in swallowing (areaSw), and phonation (areaPh), and the area of the air reservoir (areaAir). Visual inspection of a narrow-band spectrogram was made and four different acoustic signal typing were defined as Type I, II, III or IV. RESULTS: Type I-II is correlated with moderate contact; Type III, with intense and Type IV, with absent/mild contact. Type I-II has bigger APD and PES with lower length than Type IV. There is a correlation between bigger APD and shorter PES. CONCLUSION: The group with I-II signal typing has PES with normo contact; Type III with hyper contact and Type IV has PES with hypo contact. The best tracheoesophageal voices are achieved by PES with moderate contact of the prominence and with shorter and larger anteroposterior PES distances. What differentiates the PES with hyper contact from PES with normal one is only the degree of contact between the prominence of the PES and its anterior wall.
The impact of speech disorders quality of life: a questionnaire proposal
Authors: Lúcio Gialile de Sá , Perilo Tatiana Vargas de Castro , Vicente Laélia Cristina Caseiro , Friche Amélia Augusta de Lima
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE: To develop a questionnaire to analyze the impact of speech disorders on quality of life and verify its reliability. METHODS: A literature review on instruments that assess the quality-of-life was performed, particularly those concerning communication disorders. The questionnaire was designed with 18 closed questions: one related to speech impairments, another about quality-of-life, and 16 questions covering the physical, emotional, and social domains. The questionnaire was applied to a population of 24 individuals of both sexes, aged between 12 and 50 years; 12 patients (case group) had phonetic speech disorders, and 12 (control group) had no impairment in oral communication. They were paired according to age and sex. To analyze the reliability of the instrument, the internal consistency of the items was assessed through Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the 16 questions concerning the domains was á=0.93; for the physical domain, á=0.71; for the emotional domain, á=0.77; and for the social domain, á=0.85. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire showed good reliability in identifying the impact of speech disorders on the individuals' quality of life.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Eating Assessment Tool - EAT-10
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Inês Rebelo , Remaili Carla Bogossian , Behlau Mara
Published: August 2014

The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) was conceptually developed in the United States from data collected from 482 patients, for use as a self-administered survey regarding risk identification of dysphagia and symptoms related to clinical response to treatment. The purpose of this study is to present the cultural equivalence of the Brazilian version of the EAT-10. The process followed the Scientific Advisory Committee of Medical Outcome Trust (SACMOT). The questionnaire was translated by two Brazilian bilingual speech-language pathologists, aware of the purpose of this study. A back translation was performed by a third Brazilian speech-language pathologist, bilingual and English teacher that had not participated in the previous stage. After comparing both translations, a final version of the questionnaire was produced and called Instrumento de Autoavaliação da Alimentação (EAT-10). It was administered to 107 adult inpatients of the Hospital São Paulo, cwith request for bedside clinical evaluation of swallow. During the process of translation and cultural adaptation, no item was modified and/or suppressed. The EAT-10 maintained the same structure as the original American English version with ten questions, of which three of functional domain, three of emotional domain and four of physical symptoms domain. The cultural equivalence of the Brazilian version of the EAT-10 was demonstrated, being a score of three points or above it the cutoff for dysphagia risk, also for the Brazilian population.
Survival and Lifetime Costs Associated With First-Line Bevacizumab Use in Older Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Shankaran Veena , Mummy David , Koepl Lisel , Bansal Aasthaa , Mirick Dana K. , Yu Elaine , Morlock Rob , Ogale Sarika , Ramsey Scott D.
Published: August 2014

Introduction.

The objective of this study was to investigate clinical effectiveness and incremental lifetime costs associated with first-line bevacizumab in older patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Methods.

Patients diagnosed with mCRC in 2004–2007 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database and stratified by first-line treatment (no chemotherapy [CTx], CTx alone, CTx plus bevacizumab). The impact of first-line bevacizumab on survival was investigated using a propensity score adjusted multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Mean lifetime costs for each cohort were calculated using Medicare claims for all services rendered between diagnosis and end of follow-up, adjusting for death and censoring.

Results.

A total of 4,414 patients (mean age: 77.3 years) were identified, of whom 15% received first-line bevacizumab. Among first-line-treated patients, bevacizumab receipt was associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.85 [95% confidence interval: 0.75–0.97]; p = .013), and this benefit was limited to patients who received >1 month of bevacizumab therapy. Median and mean survival were greatest in patients treated with CTx plus bevacizumab relative to CTx alone (CTx plus bevacizumab median 19.4 months [mean 28.0 months] vs. CTx alone median 15.1 months [mean 22.9 months]; p < .001), as were mean lifetime costs (mean per patient cost $143,284 vs. $111,280). Compared with CTx alone, CTx plus bevacizumab was associated with a 5.1-month increase in mean survival and a $32,004 increase in mean lifetime treatment costs, with an incremental cost of $75,303 per life-year gained.

Conclusion.

Bevacizumab use is associated with longer survival than CTx alone in older patients treated in real-world clinical settings, at an incremental cost of $75,303 per life-year gained.
Treatment of Metastatic Extramammary Paget's Disease Associated With Adnexal Adenocarcinoma, With Anti-HER2 Drugs Based on Genomic Alteration ERBB2 S310F
Authors: Vornicova Olga , Hershkovitz Dov , Yablonski-Peretz Tamar , Ben-Itzhak Ofer , Keidar Zohar , Bar-Sela Gil
Published: August 2014

Extramammary Paget's disease is a rare intraepithelial malignant condition affecting the apocrine gland-bearing skin. In this case, a genomic alteration, ERBB2 S310F mutation, was discovered. The ERBB2 S310F mutation seems to be a transforming mutation that should be targeted with anti-HER2 drugs. Genomic tests are justified in rare tumors.
Investigation of Adverse-Event-Related Costs for Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer in a Real-World Setting
Authors: Hurvitz Sara , Guerin Annie , Brammer Melissa , Guardino Ellie , Zhou Zheng-Yi , Latremouille Viau Dominick , Wu Eric Q. , Lalla Deepa
Published: August 2014

Background.

Existing treatments for metastatic breast cancer (mBC) are often effective but can cause adverse events (AEs). This study aimed to identify AEs associated with chemotherapies commonly used in mBC treatment (phase 1) and to quantify the economic impact of these AEs (phase 2).

Materials and Methods.

Patients in phase 1 had at least one claim for therapy for mBC, with at least one episode with single or multiple agents. The most common chemotherapy-related complications were identified using medical and pharmacy claims data. In phase 2, patients meeting study criteria were divided into four treatment cohorts by the line of treatment and chemotherapy received: first-line taxane-treated patients, second-line taxane-treated patients, first-line capecitabine-treated patients, and second-line capecitabine-treated patients. Average monthly AE-related health care costs per cohort were stratified by cost component. Total monthly costs per number of AEs were also calculated.

Results.

On average, patients in phase 1 (n = 1,551) had 2 episodes of treatment, with a mean duration of 131 days. The most frequently noted complications were anemia (50.7% of mBC treatment episodes), bilirubin elevation (26.4%), and leukopenia (24.8%). In phase 2, costs related to AEs were primarily driven by incremental inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy costs. Increases in average monthly costs ranged from $854 (9.0%) to $5,320 (69.5%), according to cohort. Overall costs increased with increasing numbers of AEs.

Conclusion.

Chemotherapy-related AEs in patients with mBC are associated with a substantial economic burden that increases with the number of AEs reported.
Briefing: Infrastructure business models, valuation and innovation for local delivery
Authors: Dawson Richard , Walsh Claire , Purnell Phil , Rogers Chris
Published: August 2014

The UK’s Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and the Economic and Social Research Council have launched a £3·5 million, 4-year research programme to develop innovative business models for delivering infrastructure. Richard Dawson, Claire Walsh, Phil Purnell and Chris Rogers introduce infrastructure business models, valuation and innovation for local delivery (iBUILD).
Green colouring electrochromic devices of water-soluble polythiophene
Authors: Jain Vaibhav , Yochum Hank M. , Montazami Reza , Heflin James R.
Published: August 2014

The authors report on the electrochromic (EC) behaviour of the environmentally friendly water-soluble polythiophene sodium poly (2-(3-thienyl) ethoxy-4-butylsulfonate) (PTEBS) solid-state devices. Films are fabricated on indium tin oxide substrates and are composed of bilayers of PTEBS and poly (allylamine hydrochloride) using the ionic self-assembled multilayer approach. The self-assembled films showed high stability and demonstrated EC switching from orange to green with a contrast of 61% and colouration efficiency of −238 cm2/C in 0·1 M NaClO4 (aq) at 735 nm. 80-bilayer solid-state devices have an optical contrast of 38% at 735 nm, and 1-cm2 active area devices show fast t90% switching times of 125 ms for coloration and 225 ms for decoloration with applied voltage of 2 V for long-term switching of more than 50,000 cycles.
Past human impact and pollutant loading reconstruction in Lake Engure as a tool for lake basin management
Authors: Kļaviņš Māris , Kokorīte Ilga , Rodinovs Valērijs , Jankevica Maruta
Published: August 2014

Environmental pollution of lakes and rivers is considered as one of the most important environmental problems. Analysis of nutrient and trace element accumulation in sedimentary phases of lakes can reflect the overall regional pollution level, and the observed accumulation patterns of pollutants in sediment profiles can be used to reconstruct the history of anthropogenic impacts. As pollutants in sediments are associated with other substances, it is important not only to study total concentrations of pollutants, but also their speciation forms. The aim of this study was to describe phosphorus (including speciation forms) and trace element concentrations in sediment profiles of Lake Engure and to evaluate human impact on organic matter accumulation and properties in lake sediments. The concentrations of the studied elements in sediments of Lake Engure are at background levels, which is clearly evident when compared with metal concentrations in lake sediments in West European countries. The analysis of element concentration changes in sedimentary profiles provided information about trends in recent accumulation (within the last 100 years) and on the balance between natural and human-induced accumulation processes. Analysis of nutrient concentrations in sediments aided in identifying background values as targets for lake management activities.
Exploring amenity migration towards coastal areas of Latvia: A case study of the Engure coastal area
Authors: Krišjāne Zaiga , Bērziņš Māris , Apsīte-Beriņa Elīna , Rozīte Maija , Sechi Guido
Published: August 2014

Migration has key importance in explaining the spatial distribution of the population in Latvia. The study contributes to an understanding of population shift towards coastal areas affected by amenity-driven migration, beach-oriented tourism and land development. This research explores characteristics of the inhabitants of the Engure coastal area, with special attention to individual attitudes on specific life quality attributes. Using a survey of local residents conducted in 2010, we found statistically significant correlations between groups of the research population. The results show that in-migrants differ from long-term residents with regard to most socio-demographic and attitude variables studied. Similarly, differences were found by out-migration intentions of residents. The area selected for the case study serves as a prominent and instructive laboratory for our analysis due to its suburban location, comparatively stable population growth rates and richness in natural amenities. Moreover, the territory is set as a long-term socio-ecological research platform in Latvia.
Study of single mode tapered fiber-optic interferometer of different waist diameters and its application as a temperature sensor
Authors: Yadav T. K. , Mustapa M. A. , Abu Bakar M. H. , Mahdi M. A.
Published: August 2014

We have proposed a study on single-mode tapered optical fiber for temperature sensing application. A theoretical analysis and its experimental validation were carried out to study the taper profile for highly sensitive temperature sensor. Experiments were performed to observe a wavelength shift of transmission spectra with different taper profiles. The effects of taper profiles on the sensitivity of the sensor were also investigated. Our results indicate that the tapered fiber-based temperature sensor has sensitivity in the range of 0.01143 to 0.03406 nm/°C. The findings also demonstrate that the sensor sensitivity can be adjusted with variation to the taper profile.
The modern Forel-Ule scale: a ‘do-it-yourself’ colour comparator for water monitoring
Authors: Novoa S. , Wernand M. R. , van der Woerd H. J.
Published: August 2014

The colour comparator Forel-Ule scale has been used to estimate the colour of natural waters since the 19th century, resulting in one of the longest oceanographic data series. This colour index has been proven by previous research to be related to water quality indicators such as chlorophyll and coloured dissolved organic material. The aim of this study was to develop an affordable, ‘Do-it-Yourself’ colour scale that matched the colours of the original Forel-Ule scale, to be used in water quality monitoring programs by citizens. This scale can be manufactured with high-quality lighting filters and a white frame, an improvement with respect to the materials employed to manufacture the original scale from the 19th century, which required the mixing of noxious chemicals. The colours of the new scale were matched to the original colours using instrumental and visual measurements carried out under controlled lighting conditions, following the standard measurement protocols for colour. Moreover, the colours of the scale are expressed in Munsell notations, a standard colour system already successfully used in water quality monitoring. With the creation of this Modern Forel-Ule scale, as a ‘Do-it-yourself’ kit, the authors foresee a possible use of the Forel-Ule number as a water quality index that could be estimated by means of participatory science and used by environmental agencies in monitoring programs.
The impact of O/Si ratio and hydrogen content on ArF excimer laser ablation of fused silica
Authors: Tasche D. , Gerhard C. , Ihlemann J. , Wieneke S. , Viöl W.
Published: August 2014

The impact of stoichiometry and hydrogen content on the ArF excimer laser ablation characteristics of fused silica is investigated. Near-surface substoichiometic SiOx with X < 2 diminishes the ablation threshold as a result of increased absorption. The ablation rate is raised by an elevated hydrogen content. As confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis, the laser-induced formation of substoichiometric near-surface layers within the ablation spot sustains absorption and ablation for consecutive laser pulses.
Quality control of injection molded eyewear by non-contact deflectometry
Authors: Speck A. , Zelzer B. , Langenbucher A. , Eppig T.
Published: August 2014

Occupational eye wear such as safety spectacles are manufactured by injection molding techniques. Testing of the assembled safety spectacle lenses in transmission is state of the art, but there is a lack of surface measurement systems for occupational safety lenses. The purpose of this work was to validate a deflectometric setup for topography measurement, detection of defects and visualization of the polishing quality, e.g. casting indentations or impressions, for the production process of safety spectacles. The setup is based on a customized stereo phase measuring deflectometer (PMD), equipped with 3 cameras with f’1,2 = 16 mm and f’3 = 8.5 mm and a specified measurement uncertainty of ± 3 µm. Sixteen plastic lenses and 8 corresponding injection molds from 4 parallel cavities were used for validation of the deflectometer. For comparison an interferometric method and a reference standard (< λ/10 super polished) was used. The accuracy and bias with a spherical safety spectacle sample was below 1 µm, according to DIN ISO 5725-2.2002-12. The repeatability was 2.1 µm and 35.7 µm for a blind radius fit. In conclusion, the PMD technique is an appropriate tool for characterizing occupational safety spectacle and injections mold surfaces. With the presented setup we were able to quantify the surface quality. This can be useful and may optimize the quality of the end product, in addition to standardized measuring systems in transmission.
56.6 dB high gain L-band EDFA utilizing short-length highly-doped erbium rare-earth material
Authors: Al-Mansoori M. H. , Al-Ghaithi W. S.
Published: August 2014

In this paper, we experimentally investigate the performance of an efficient high gain L-band erbium-doped fiber (EDF) amplifier structure utilizing short-length highly-doped erbium rare-earth material with a single pump source. The amplifier gain and noise figure variation for different amplifier structures have been investigated. A filter is used to reduce the self-saturation effect and suppress the C-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise. The amplifier achieves a signal gain of 56.6 dB with a low noise figure of 4.8 dB at −50 dBm input signal power using only 8 m of EDF length. The amplifier gain shows significant improvement of 6 dB with C/L band coupler and 13 dB with tunable-band pass filter compared to amplifier structure without ASE suppression.
The Test Matters
Authors: Grossman Pam , Cohen Julie , Ronfeldt Matthew , Brown Lindsay
Published: August 2014

In this study, we examined how the relationships between one observation protocol, the Protocol for Language Arts Teaching Observation (PLATO), and value-added measures shift when different tests are used to assess student achievement. Using data from the Measures of Effective Teaching Project, we found that PLATO was more strongly related to the Stanford Achievement Test (SAT-9), the alternative assessment used by MET to assess more ambitious outcomes. We also found that the SAT-9 is more instructionally sensitive to the PLATO factor of Cognitive and Disciplinary Demand than the state tests used in MET study. This difference suggests that PLATO factors designed specifically to identify ambitious instructional practices are especially sensitive to which test is used to construct value-added scores.
Ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia: a new era in the field of anaesthesia
Authors: Habib Md Ahsanul
Published: August 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i1.19791 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(1): 1-2
Addition of clonidine or fentanyl with bupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks in upper limb surgery - a randomized comparative study
Authors: Ahmed Nasir Uddin , Hossain Mozaffor , Akhtaruzzaman AKM , Mondol Montosh Kumar , Khatun UH Shahera
Published: August 2014

Background The popularity of supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper limb surgery in recent years are due to better understanding of using adjuvant to local anaesthetics, its advantages and in avoidance of the hazards of general anaesthesia. Objective To compare the quality of anaesthesia and duration of analgesia with clonidine-bupivacaine or fentanyl-bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Method A total number of 60 patients (ASA class 1 and II) were selected randomly into two groups, thirty in each group. Group-A (control group) received fentanyl (100ìg) 2ml and bupivacaine (0.25%) 38ml, total of 40ml.Group-B (study group) received clonidine (150ìg) 2ml and bupivacaine (0.25%) 38ml, total of 40ml.The parameters including pulse rate, non-invasive systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, SpO2, onset and duration of motor and sensory block, post operative pain score in VAS, duration of analgesia, first analgesic demand, side effects were assessed and recorded. Result Onset and duration of sensory block were significantly higher in group-B than in group-A (P<0.001) and motor block were quite prolonged in group-B than group-A (p<0.001), prevalence of sedation in group-B slightly higher than group-A. But intensity of pain measured by VAS in group-A expressed highest at 8 hours of postoperative period and group-B shows highest VAS at 12 hours. Duration of effective analgesia (time from supraclavicular block to first analgesic demand) in study group-B had significantly longer mean duration than that produced by control group-A (14.4 ± 1.3 vs 10.9 ± 1.5 hours; P<0.001). Conclusion Clonidine and bupivacaine combination is a better alternative to fentanyl and bupivacaine in respect of quality of anaesthesia and duration of analgesia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i1.19792 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(1): 3-7
The effect of low dose midazolam in addition to ondansetron on post-operative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy  a comparative study
Authors: Haque MM Masum-Ul , Mondal Montosh K , Afroz S , Akhter SS , Hye Abdul , Akhtaruzzaman AKM , Iqbal KM
Published: August 2014

Background Nausea, retching and vomiting are among the most common postoperative complaints. Premedication with low dose midazolam in addition to ondansetron is more effective in controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting. Objectives This study was designed to observe the effect of low dose midazolam 7.5mg in addition to ondansetron 4mg on postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods 100 patients of ASA grade I and II, age range 30-50 years and weight 50-70 kg were randomly selected by a blind envelop method. They were equally divided into four groups of 25 patients in group each. Group I received vitamin, Group II ondansetron 8mg, Group III ondansetron 8mg and midazolam 7.5mg and Group IV ondansetron 4mg and midazolam 7.5 mg orally one hour before operation. In the recovery room occurrence of nausea and vomiting was assessed for 24 hours. Results The incidence of nausea was in vitamin Group I 64%, in ond8 group II 32%, in ond8+mid7.5 group III 24% and in ond4+mid7.5 group IV 24%. The incidence among the groups was highly significant (p=0.008). The incidence of vomiting was in vitamin Group I 16%, in ond8 group II 16%, in ond8+mid7.5 group III 8% and in ond4+mid7.5 group IV 8%. The difference among the groups were not significant (p=0.808). Conclusion Low dose midazolam 7.5mg in addition to ondansetron 4mg is more effective in controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i1.19793 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(1): 8-12
Induction characteristic of general anaesthesia in children- a comparative study between sevoflurane and halothane
Authors: Wadud MM A , Khan AK , Hasanat Md A , Samad MA , Islam Md M , Akhtaruzzaman AKM
Published: August 2014

Background Inhalational induction of anaesthesia remains of fundamental technique in paediatric anaesthesia. Halothane used most frequently for inhalational induction in children. Halothane is not an ideal induction agent because of its potential to cause bradycardia, hypotension and ventricular ectopy. The pleasant nonpungent order of sevoflurane, faster induction of anaesthesia and stable vital signs during induction suggest that it may be a suitable alternative to halothane for use in paediatric anaesthesia. Objectives The aim of study is to compare the induction time and haemodynamic response during induction of sevoflurane and halothane. Methods A total number of 60 patients, age within 1-12 years (ASA grade I & II) were selected randomly into two groups, thirty in each group. Group A induction was done by halothane and Group B induction was done by sevoflurane. Anaesthesia was induced with 60% N2O and 40% O2 and starting inspired concentration of halothane was 1% or sevoflurane was 2% followed by stepwise increases in the inspired concentrations of either sevoflurane (1.5-2% increments) or halothane (0.5-1% increments) every three to four breath until the patients no longer blinked in response to touching the eye lashes. Arterial pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation (SPO2) were recorded every minute for 3 minutes during induction and induction time was recorded. Results Induction time was significantly shorter in the sevoflurane group compared to the halothane group (P < 0.001). In haemodynamic profile heart rate and mean arterial pressure were significantly reduced in halothane group while no significant changes were observed in sevoflurane group during induction period (P < 0.001). Conclusion The study concludes that induction of anaesthesia was faster with sevoflurane than halothane. Vital signs were stable with sevoflurane during induction period. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i1.19794 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(1): 13-17
Effect of peroperative use of granisetron and ondansetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting  a comparative study
Authors: Karmakar KK , Sarker PC , Islam Md M , Begum R , Wadud MMA , Ali NP , Alam ABMM
Published: August 2014

Background Post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common problem following general as well as regional anaesthesia. This causes great distress to the patient, may worsen surgical outcome and prolongs hospital stay. Prophylatic use of antiemetic in the preoperative or postoperative period reduces PONV. Objectives The study was designed to compare antiemetic effects of intravenous use of granisetron and ondansetron in the peroperative period for prevention of PONV following elective gynaecological surgery under general anaesthesia. Methods 60 (sixty) patients undergoing elective gynaecological surgery (total abdominal hysterectomy) under general anaesthesia of ASA grade I and II aged between 35-50 years were selected randomly and divided into two groups (group O & group G) of thirty patients each. Patients of group O received intravenous Inj, ondansetron 0.1 mg/kg body weight & group G received intravenous Inj. granisetron 2 mg bolus over 30 sec just before peritoneal closure. Both the group received a standard general anaesthesia. Postoperative analgesia was provided with diclofenac suppository (50mg) and ketorolac tromethamine 30mg intra-muscularly. In the recovery room occurrence of post operative nausea and vomiting was assessed for 12 hours. All data were compiled and analyzed for statistical significance by Students t tests (unpaired). P<0 .05 (CL 95%) was considered as significance. Results The incidence of post operative nausea and vomiting was reduced in both groups but no significant difference between the groups. No haemodynamic or psycho-mimetic adverse events were observed in the patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i1.19795 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(1): 18-22
Interventional pain management procedure for treating low back pain: anaesthesiologists should come forward
Authors: Sardar K , Sultana R , Das G , Kapoor V , Mahta P , Rahman Khalilur
Published: August 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i1.19796 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(1): 23-27
Acupuncture: a traditional chinese medicare
Authors: Pathan ANM Fazlul Haque
Published: August 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i1.19797 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(1): 28-33
Anesthesia for separation of conjoined twin a case report
Authors: Amin Md Nurul , Miah Md Akkas , Rahman Md Shamsur , Akhter Naira
Published: August 2014

Pygopagus is a rare type of conjoined twins and the incidence is about 6% and these babies are united dorsolaterally in the sacrum and the perineum. Conjoined twins were being separated with increasing frequency and success, concomitant with the improvements being made in the care of pediatrics surgical and anesthesiologist team. The conjoined twins which were presented to us for anesthesia were female pygopagus. They were born on March 21, 2010 in remote village of Sylhet, at home by an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. At birth, the twins were 2.8 kg attached at their back. They baby was separate organ system except a common anus. The operation was to be performed on the lower intestinal tract and on the nervous system at the same time it was decided to include a neurosurgeon in this team. At the age of 100 days when both weight 5.4 kg general condition was good, two team of surgeon and anesthetist, at beginning one operation table two anaesthesia machine with individual monitoring device required preponed. Since surgery was uneventfully. Despite this decision or perhaps even because of it, there was no infection postoperatively. The twins recuperated well from their adventure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i1.19798 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(1): 34-37
Incidents in Anaesthesia: Past Occurrence and Future Avoidance
Authors: Hye Md Abdul
Published: August 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i2.19799 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(2): 39-40
Effect of oxytocin on haemodynamic change during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia - A comparison between intravenous bolus or infusion technique
Authors: Murshid Golam , Ali Idris , Islam Amirul , Yeasmeen Sabina , Islam Nurul , Sarkar Nitai Chandra , Gafur Azizul , Hye Abdul
Published: August 2014

Background Subarachnoid block for caesarean section is very acceptable technique and it rates are steadily increasing in recent years. It is now spreading up to remote areas. Infusion technique of oxytocin is safe during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Objective To compare the haemodynamic changes caused by oxytocin given as an I/V bolus or infusion to decrease uterine bleeding in caesarean section. Method A total number of sixty patients ASA grade I were selected. Thirty patient in each group. In group A, parturient received oxytocin 5IU of I/V in bolus and group B, infusion of oxytocin 5IU diluted with 5ml normal saline given I/V over 2 min by using infusion pump. The study period was started just before oxytocin given and it was continued for a further 10 min. Systolic and diastolic BP, MAP, heart rate, uterine bleeding were recorded in every 1 min. Result The mean difference of all haemodynamic parameters at 2 to 5 mins of administration of oxytocin were statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion The haemodynamic changes were more marked in I/V bolus of oxytocin than infusion technique. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i2.19801 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(2): 48-51
Effects of ketamine hydrochloride (preservative free) and fentanyl citrate added to low dose hyperbaric bupivacaine for sub-arachnoid block in lower uterine caesarian section  a comperative study
Authors: Islam SM Rafiqul , Begum Hasina , Kamal Md Mustafa , Bhuiyan Md Shah Alam , Khatun UH Shahera
Published: August 2014

Background Caesarian section is one of the most common operations Now a days for delivery of baby sub-arachnoid block is the better choice. World wide Commonly used bupivacaine with fentanile. Objective The present study was designed to observe the effects of intrathecal ketamine hydrochloride with bupivacaine+complne bupivacaine with fentanyl to observe quality of block eioth duration block during caesarian section. Methods Ninety ASA 1 parturients scheduled for elective caesarian section were randomly selected. There are thirty patients in each group. The base line haemodynamic parameters, heart rate, blood pressure respiratory rate SpO2 and indication of operation were recorded The control group BN (n = 30) received 1.75 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 0.5 ml normal saline intrathecally. While the study group, fentanyl group BF (n = 30) received 1.75 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 0.5 ml (25 mg) injection fentanyl, BK received 1.75 ml of 0.75% hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 0.5 ml (25 mg) of ketamine hydrochloride. Results Duration and quality of sensory and motor block, post-operative analgesia, haemodynamic changes and sedation levels were assessed. There was no significant difference in duration of motor blockade in three groups. Quality of analgesia, sensory block was significant (P<0.05) in BK and BF group than BN group. The quality of block was excellent throughout the surgical procedure in 80% BK group 60% in BF group and 53.3% in control (BN) group. Incidence of hypotension was less in group BF (26.6%) and BK (20%) than group BN (40%). Ketamine had an upper level of sensory block than fentanyl. Conclusion Injection ketamine 25 mg can be used as an adjunct to low dose spinal bupivacaine during caesarian. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i2.19802 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(2): 53-59
Post operative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: comparison of prophylactic effect of dexamethasone with ondansetron
Authors: Ali M Younus , Uddin Raihan , Islam Amirul , Kamal Mustafa , Islam SM Rafiqul , Rahman AKM Shafiqur
Published: August 2014

Background Postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia are an unpleasant,distressing effects. Prophylactic use of dexamethesone reducing this effects. Objective This study was designed to compare of dexamethasone and ondansetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods Sixty patients who underwent laparoscopic cholesystectomy were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A(n=30) patients received 8mg dexamehtasone intravenously and Group B(n=30) patients received 8mg ondansetron intravenously one minute before induction of anaesthesia. All patients received standard general anaesthesia.Perioperative vital signs and postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded. Results The incidence of nausea was 13.4% in group A, 16.7% in group B(p>0.05) and vomiting was 6.6% in Group A, 13.4% in group B(p>0.05). The difference among the groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion Intravenous dexamethasone was better to ondansetron in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i2.19803 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(2): 60-64
Wound infection in surgery department in BSMMU: A study of 100 cases
Authors: Nur-e-elahi M , Jahan I , Siddiqui O , Ahmed SU , Joarder AI , Faruque S , Imdad S , Ahmed HS , Islam MA , Siddiqui MZ , Sardar K
Published: August 2014

Background Surgical site infections (SSI) are the most common nosocomial infection in surgical patients, accounting for 38% of all such infections, and are a significant source of postoperative morbidity resulting in increased hospital length of stay and increased cost. Objectives To find out the incidence of wound infection in patients following elective surgery and the most likely causative organisms and their resistance pattern. Methods Prospective data were collected on 496 surgical patients admitted in the surgery department in BSMMU from January 2010 to June 2010. All preoperative risk factors were evaluated. Patients operated were followed in the post operative period and if any wound infection noted, swab from the site of infection was sent for culture and sensitivity and antibiotics were given accordingly. Results Following 496 elective operations 20.16 % patients developed wound infection. Highest numbers of infection were seen in the fifth decade with slight female preponderance. Wound infection progressively rises with the degree of contamination and increasing operative time. The common risk factors for development of surgical wound infection were anemia (52%), malnutrition (44%), diabetes (38%), jaundice (30%), contaminated operation (44%) dirty operation (38 %), obesity and smoking. The most predominant isolated organism was Escherichia coli (43%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (33%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%). Ceftriaxone still remains the most effective antibiotic although the incidence of resistance is rising. Conclusion Despite a good numbers of variables influence surgical site infections; it is still possible to reduce the infection rate by correcting modifiable risk factors, reducing degree of contamination and duration of operation. To battle the emerging resistance of pathogens a definitive guideline is essential. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i2.19804 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(2): 65-69
Paediatric procedural sedation for radiological imaging
Authors: Al Maruf Abdullah , Kamal Md Mustafa , Islam Rafiqul , Islam Md Saiful
Published: August 2014

Sedation is frequently undertaken for radiological imaging procedures in paediatric patients. Movement during procedure degrades all images of a particular sequence. A deeper level of sedation is needed. The sedation of children is different from the sedation of adult. The safe sedation of children for imaging procedure requires a systematic approach that includes the followings. Careful presedation health evaluation of the child with ASA classification. Appropriate fasting guidelines for sedation procedure. Detailed airway examination for any airway abnormalities that might increase the potential for airway obstruction. Adequate training and skills of sedating personnel in paediatric airway management. Age and size appropriate equipment for airway management and venous access. Adequate medications to combat adverse events. Monitoring of vital parameters during and after the procedure. A properly equipped and staffed recovery area. Recovery to presedation level of consciousness of patient before discharge from medical supervision and appropriate discharge instructions. The whole procedure should be well documented. Children who have contraindications to sedation should be selected for general Anaesthesia. This review article has been made to discuss the need for sedation of children during radiological imaging, currently practiced different regimens of sedation, safe guidelines for sedation and also covers the debate between need for GA versus sedation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i2.19805 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(2): 70-76
Epidural anesthesia for herniotomy and hernioplasty in moderately compromised cardiac patient: case report and review of literature
Authors: Uddin Md Raihan
Published: August 2014

Commonly herniotomy and hernioplasty is performed under subarachnoid block (SAB). In this report we describe the anesthetic management of a patient with moderately decreased cardiac function who underwent herniotomy and hernioplasty under lumber epidural anesthesia. To the best of our knowledge this case is one of the few literature which describe epidural anesthesia for herniotomy and hernioplasty in a cardiac compromised patient. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i2.19806 Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2011; 24(2): 77-78
From Catchment to National Scale Rainfall-Runoff Modelling: Demonstration of a Hydrological Modelling Framework
Authors: Crooks Susan , Kay Alison , Davies Helen , Bell Victoria
Published: August 2014

The increasing availability of digital databases (e.g., of climatology, topography, soils and land use) has enabled research into the generalisation of hydrological model parameter values from physical properties and the development of grid-based models. A hydrological modelling framework (HMF) is being developed to exploit this generalisation and provide a flexible gridded infrastructure, operational over regional, national or larger scales at a range of spatial and temporal resolutions. The capability of the framework is demonstrated through adaptation of an existing semi-distributed catchment-based rainfall-runoff model, CLASSIC, for which a generalised methodology exists to determine parameter values. The main change required was to ensure consistency of parameter values between the runoff procedure in CLASSIC and flow routing in the HMF. Assessment is by comparison of modelled and observed flow at grid points in Britain corresponding to gauging stations, both for catchments previously modelled and for new locations, for a range of catchment areas and physical properties and for four spatial resolutions (10, 5, 2.5 and 1 km). Good model performance is achieved for 90% of catchments tested, with a 5 km resolution proving adequate for catchments larger than 500 km2. Applications are outlined for which the framework could be used to test alternative modelling approaches or undertake consistent studies across the range of resolutions.