bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Unified Model for Bipolar Outflows from Young Stars: The Interplay of Magnetized Wide-angle Winds and Isothermal Toroids
Authors: Shang 尚 Hsien 賢 , Krasnopolsky Ruben , Liu 劉 Chun-Fan 君帆 , Wang 王 Liang-Yao 亮堯
Published: December 2020

Large-scale morphology and time evolution are investigated for the unified model of bipolar outflows outlined in Shang et al. (2006), where an outflow forms by a radially directed, wide-angle magnetized wind interacting with magnetized isothermal toroids in various quasistatic states. The primary wide-angle wind is toroidally magnetized and maintains a cylindrically stratified density profile, mimicking the asymptotic solution of the cold X-wind model. We explore the interplay between the toroidally magnetized primary wind and the surrounding toroids threaded by poloidal magnetic fields and examine how the jet and shell morphology and fine structures within them vary with the physical parameters. The variation in flatness of the density distribution in the ambient isothermal toroids helps shape the varieties of lobe morphology and collimation. The presence of a stronger ambient poloidal field helps shape the outflow, forming a magnetic cocoon and nested multilayered cavities surrounding the wind-filled lobe, which is most evident in the more open configurations of the ambient toroids. The wind–toroid interface is prone to substantial shear and thus unstable to the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Magnetic forces in the compressed toroidally magnetized high-velocity wind can generate vorticity, leading to nonlinear patterns within the extended magnetized mixing layers. Magnetic disturbances generated by the interplay could modulate lobe shapes, density, and velocities, giving rise to visual impressions of thicker and rugged shells and apparent episodic distribution of matter. The system maintains a quasi-self-similar evolution in time, which serves as a proxy for understanding the underlying physical mechanisms driving it.
3HWC: The Third HAWC Catalog of Very-high-energy Gamma-Ray Sources
Authors: Albert A. , Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Camacho J. R. Angeles , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Arunbabu K. P. , Rojas D. Avila , Solares H. A. Ayala , Baghmanyan V. , Belmont-Moreno E. , BenZvi S. Y. , Brisbois C. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Cotti U. , de León S. Coutiño , Fuente E. De la , Hernandez R. Diaz , Diaz-Cruz L. , Dingus B. L. , DuVernois M. A. , Durocher M. , Díaz-Vélez J. C. , Ellsworth R. W. , Engel K. , Espinoza C. , Fan K. L. , Fang K. , Alonso M. Fernández , Fleischhack H. , Fraija N. , Galván-Gámez A. , Garcia D. , García-González J. A. , Garfias F. , Giacinti G. , González M. M. , Goodman J. A. , Harding J. P. , Hernandez S. , Hinton J. , Hona B. , Huang D. , Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F. , Hüntemeyer P. , Iriarte A. , Jardin-Blicq A. , Joshi V. , Kieda D. , Lara A. , Lee W. H. , Vargas H. León , Linnemann J. T. , Longinotti A. L. , Luis-Raya G. , Lundeen J. , López-Coto R. , Malone K. , Marandon V. , Martinez O. , Martinez-Castellanos I. , Martínez-Castro J. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Morales-Soto J. A. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nayerhoda A. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Nisa M. U. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Olivera-Nieto L. , Omodei N. , Peisker A. , Araujo Y. Pérez , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Ren Z. , Rho C. D. , Rivière C. , Rosa-González D. , Ruiz-Velasco E. , Salazar H. , Greus F. Salesa , Sandoval A. , Schneider M. , Schoorlemmer H. , Serna F. , Sinnis G. , Smith A. J. , Springer R. W. , Surajbali P. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Torres-Escobedo R. , Ukwatta T. N. , Ureña-Mena F. , Weisgarber T. , Werner F. , Willox E. , Zepeda A. , Zhou H. , León C. de , Álvarez J. D. ,   (HAWC Collaboration)
Published: December 2020

We present a new catalog of TeV gamma-ray sources using 1523 days of data from the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. The catalog represents the most sensitive survey of the northern gamma-ray sky at energies above several TeV, with three times the exposure compared to the previous HAWC catalog, 2HWC. We report 65 sources detected at ≥5σ significance, along with the positions and spectral fits for each source. The catalog contains eight sources that have no counterpart in the 2HWC catalog, but are within 1° of previously detected TeV emitters, and 20 sources that are more than 1° away from any previously detected TeV source. Of these 20 new sources, 14 have a potential counterpart in the fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope catalog of gamma-ray sources. We also explore potential associations of 3HWC sources with pulsars in the Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) pulsar catalog and supernova remnants in the Galactic supernova remnant catalog.
Revisiting the Distance, Environment, and Supernova Properties of SNR G57.2+0.8 that Hosts SGR 1935+2154
Authors: Zhou Ping , Zhou Xin , Chen Yang , Wang Jie-Shuang , Vink Jacco , Wang Yuan
Published: December 2020

We have performed a multiwavelength study of supernova remnant (SNR) G57.2+0.8 and its environment. The SNR hosts the magnetar SGR 1935+2154, which emitted an extremely bright millisecond-duration radio burst on 2020 April 28. We used the 12CO and 13CO J = 1–0 data from the Milky Way Image Scroll Painting CO line survey to search for molecular gas associated with G57.2+0.8, in order to constrain the physical parameters (e.g., the distance) of the SNR and its magnetar. We report that SNR G57.2+0.8 is likely impacting the molecular clouds (MCs) at the local standard of rest (LSR) velocity

and excites a weak 1720 MHz OH maser with a peak flux density of 47 mJy beam−1. The chance coincidence of a random OH spot falling in the SNR is ≤12%, and the OH–CO correspondence chance is 7% at the maser spot. This combines to give <1% false probability of the OH maser, suggesting a real maser detection. The LSR velocity of the MCs places the SNR and magnetar at a kinematic distance of 6.6 ± 0.7 kpc. The nondetection of thermal X-ray emission from the SNR and the relatively dense environment suggests G57.2+0.8 be an evolved SNR with an age

. The explosion energy of G57.2+0.8 is lower than

, which is not very energetic even assuming a high ambient density

. This reinforces the opinion that magnetars do not necessarily result from very energetic supernova explosions.
Constraints on Primordial Non-Gaussianity Using the Multitracer Technique for Skew Spectra
Authors: Dai Ji-Ping , Xia Jun-Qing
Published: December 2020

Extracting the bispectrum information from large-scale structure observations is challenging due to the complex models and the computational costs involved in measuring the signal and its covariance. Recently, the skew spectrum was proposed to access parts of the bispectrum information in a more effective manner and was confirmed to provide complementary information to that available in power spectrum measurements. In this work, we generalize the theory to apply the multitracer technique and explore its ability to constrain the local-type primordial non-Gaussianity. Using the spectra and their covariance estimated from N-body simulations, we find that the multitracer approach is effective in reducing the cosmic variance noise. The 1σ marginalized errors for

, and

are reduced by 50%, 52%, and 73% compared with the results achieved using only the power spectrum obtained from a single tracer. These results indicate that both the skew spectrum and the multitracer technique are useful in constraining the primordial non-Gaussianity with the forthcoming wide-field galaxy surveys.
High-resolution He I 10830 Å Narrowband Imaging for an M-class Flare. III. EUV Late Phase
Authors: Wang Ya , Ji Haisheng , Warmuth Alexander , Li Ying , Cao Wenda
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we report the EUV late phase for the M1.8 class flare on 2012 July 5 in the active region (AR) 11515. The late phase is shown by the prominent appearance of EUV emission at 131 Å of two additional flare loop systems (flare arcades 2 and 3, as named in this paper) other than the main flare loop (flare arcade 1), as observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO). Three sets of flare arcades connect four flare ribbons, which forms an asymmetric quadrupole magnetic field configuration. While the emission from flare arcade 2, linking the pair of secondary flare ribbons, and arcade 3, linking one of the main flare ribbons and one of the secondary flare ribbons, conjointly contributes to the EUV late phase, their heating mechanisms are quite different. While the brightening of flare arcade 2 is the result of disturbance created by the eruption of EUV hot channels to the overlying coronal magnetic field, the heating of flare arcade 3 was closely associated with two rapid contractions of the overlying filament threads during the partial eruption of the filament. The contractions are discernible in He i 10830 Å images and have signatures in the EUV wavelengths of AIA. The two rapid contractions are the result of a sudden drop in magnetic pressure after the eruption of two hot channels. Clear evidence suggests that magnetic reconnection may occur between the contracting filament threads and the low-lying magnetic field.
Ubiquitous Molecular Outflows in z > 4 Massive, Dusty Galaxies. I. Sample Overview and Clumpy Structure in Molecular Outflows on 500 pc Scales
Authors: Spilker Justin S. , Phadke Kedar A. , Aravena Manuel , Béthermin Matthieu , Chapman Scott C. , Dong 董辰 Chenxing 兴 , Gonzalez Anthony H. , Hayward Christopher C. , Hezaveh Yashar D. , Jarugula Sreevani , Litke Katrina C. , Malkan Matthew A. , Marrone Daniel P. , Narayanan Desika , Reuter Cassie , Vieira Joaquin D. , Weiss Axel
Published: December 2020

Massive galaxy-scale outflows of gas are one of the most commonly invoked mechanisms to regulate the growth and evolution of galaxies throughout the universe. While the gas in outflows spans a large range of temperatures and densities, the cold molecular phase is of particular interest because molecular outflows may be capable of suppressing star formation in galaxies by removing the star-forming gas. We have conducted the first survey of molecular outflows at z > 4, targeting 11 strongly lensed dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) with high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of OH 119 μm absorption as an outflow tracer. In this first paper, we give an overview of the survey, focusing on the detection rate and structure of molecular outflows. We find unambiguous evidence for outflows in 8/11 galaxies (73%), more than tripling the number known at z > 4. This implies that molecular winds in z > 4 DSFGs must have both a near-unity occurrence rate and large opening angles to be detectable in absorption. Lensing reconstructions reveal that 500 pc scale clumpy structures in the outflows are common. The individual clumps are not directly resolved, but from optical depth arguments we expect that future observations will require 50–200 pc spatial resolution to resolve them. We do not detect high-velocity [C ii] wings in any of the sources with clear OH outflows, indicating that [C ii] is not a reliable tracer of molecular outflows. Our results represent a first step toward characterizing molecular outflows at z > 4 at the population level, demonstrating that large-scale outflows are ubiquitous among early massive, dusty galaxies.
Hunting Gravitational Wave Black Holes with Microlensing
Authors: Abrams Natasha S. , Takada Masahiro
Published: December 2020

Gravitational microlensing is a powerful tool to search for a population of invisible black holes (BHs) in the Milky Way (MW), including isolated BHs and binary BHs at wide orbits that are complementary to gravitational wave observations. By monitoring highly populated regions of source stars like the MW bulge region, one can pursue microlensing events due to these BHs. We find that if BHs have a Salpeter-like mass function extended beyond 30M
⊙ and a similar velocity and spatial structure to stars in the Galactic bulge and disk regions, the BH population is a dominant source of microlensing events at long timescales of the microlensing light curve  ≳100 days. This is due to a boosted sensitivity of the microlensing event rate to lens mass, given as M
2, for such long-timescale events. A monitoring observation of 2 × 1010 stars in the bulge region over 10 yr with the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) would enable one to find about 6 × 105 BH microlensing events. We evaluate the efficiency of potential LSST cadences for characterizing the light curves of BH microlensing and find that nearly all events of long timescales can be detected.
Astromers: Nuclear Isomers in Astrophysics*
Authors: Misch G. Wendell , Ghorui Surja K. , Banerjee Projjwal , Sun Yang , Mumpower Matthew R.
Published: December 2020

We develop a method to compute thermally mediated transition rates between the ground state and long-lived isomers in nuclei. We also establish criteria delimiting a thermalization temperature above which a nucleus may be considered a single species and below which it must be treated as two separate species: a ground-state species and an astrophysical isomer (“astromer”) species. Below the thermalization temperature, the destruction rates dominate the internal transition rates between the ground state and the isomer. If the destruction rates also differ greatly from one another, the nuclear levels fall out of or fail to reach thermal equilibrium. Without thermal equilibrium, there may not be a safe assumption about the distribution of occupation probability among the nuclear levels when computing nuclear reaction rates. In these conditions, the isomer has astrophysical consequences and should be treated as a separate astromer species which evolves separately from the ground state in a nucleosynthesis network. We apply our transition-rate methods and perform sensitivity studies on a few well-known astromers. We also study transitions in several other isomers of likely astrophysical interest.
Rise of the Phoenix Giants: A Rich History of Dusty Post-merger Stellar Remnants
Authors: Melis Carl
Published: December 2020

Hoadley et al. present an exceptional star system hosting orbiting dust and gas and a detached shell of material presumably generated in a stellar merger event. While they claim it to be “the only known merger system not enshrouded by dust,” the reality is that this system is a new addition to a remarkable collection of stars first recognized decades ago as likely post-merger stellar remnants. In this note we give an abridged history of evidence for dusty stellar merger remnants in the the Milky Way.
Recovery and Validation of Venus Ionospheric Electron Density Profiles from Pioneer Venus Orbiter Radio Occultation Observations
Authors: Withers Paul , Hensley Kerry , Vogt Marissa F. , Hermann Jacob
Published: December 2020

The Pioneer Venus Orbiter radio occultation experiment acquired vertical profiles of electron density in the ionosphere of Venus. These profiles were not readily accessible to researchers. Here we report the recovery and validation of a set of electron density profiles from Pioneer Venus Orbiter. More than 200 profiles spanning solar zenith angles of 30°–170° were deemed acceptable for scientific analysis. These profiles sample solar minimum, moderate, and maximum conditions. The profiles are publicly available and ready for use in scientific investigations of the ionosphere of Venus and related topics.
Galileo: a consolidação do sistema de posicionamento europeu
Authors: Menezes da Silva Crislaine , Setti Júnior Paulo De Tarso , Alves Daniele Barroca Marra , Monico João Francisco Galera
Published: December 2020

O Galileo é a contribuição da União Europeia ao GNSS (ingl. Global Navigation Satellite Systems – Sistemas de Navegação Global por Satélite) e está próximo da declaração da fase operacional completa, que deve ocorrer no final de 2020 ou início de 2021. Este sistema começou a ser concebido na década de 90, após a decisão do governo americano em não permitir que outras nações participassem da construção e manutenção do sistema NAVSTAR – GPS (ingl. Global Positioning System – Sistema de Posicionamento Global). O sistema Galileo é a primeira contribuição civil para o GNSS e foi desenvolvido de forma a ser independente dos outros sistemas nos segmentos espacial, de controle e operacional. Além disso, está sendo desenvolvido para ser interoperável e compatível com os outros GNSS, em especial o GPS. Nos últimos anos, o desenvolvimento do Galileo fez progressos significativos. A constelação atual compreende um total de 26 satélites orbitando a Terra, 22 operacionais, dos quais três pertencentes à primeira geração de satélites de validação de órbita, e a infraestrutura de controle terrestre está em pleno funcionamento.  Para o usuário, são transmitidos sinais em três frequências E1, E5 e E6. Os sinais em E1 e E5 são transmitidos nas mesmas frequências que os sinais GPS L1 e L5 e ambos sistemas usam princípios de modulação equivalentes. Isso é benéfico pois proporciona uma melhor cobertura e maior robustez para usuários que podem utilizar os sistemas de forma combinada. Além disso, o Galileo oferece vários novos serviços específicos, como o serviço aberto, o serviço de alta acurácia e de busca e resgate. Como o sistema Galileo está atualmente em fase final de implantação, faz-se necessário na literatura brasileira, um artigo que trate exclusivamente desse sistema, este artigo apresenta o estado da arte do sistema Galileo (julho de 2020). Resultados iniciais demonstraram que o Galileo tem acurácia comparável ao GPS, no posicionamento por ponto simples.
Índice de vegetação e temperatura de superfície terrestre: comparativo entre formação de ilhas de calor nos perímetros urbanos de Londrina e Maringá no PR
Authors: Angelo Borges Julio Cesar , Antunes Batista Lígia Flávia
Published: December 2020

As áreas urbanas influenciam o microclima local em virtude da supressão da vegetação ou substituição dos campos agrícolas por áreas altamente impermeabilizadas. Essas modificações da paisagem afetam a temperatura de superfície terrestre (TST), que pode ser estimada por dados do infravermelho termal. No que se refere a áreas verdes, podem ser analisadas com o Índice de Vegetação de Diferença Normalizada. Ao espacializar estes índices com dados de imagens do satélite Landsat 8, pôde-se avaliar a relação entre eles nos perímetros urbanos de Maringá e Londrina, estado do Paraná. Foi possível determinar o grau de interferência da vegetação sobre a temperatura de superfície, quantificada por meio do Índice de Correlação de Spearman e da autocorrelação espacial global e local. Os resultados revelaram grau de correlação bem semelhante para as duas áreas, sendo de -0.81 e -0.84, respectivamente, para Maringá e Londrina, indicando que em ambas cidades os parâmetros estão fortemente correlacionados. Em termos espaciais, no entanto, verificou-se que em Londrina não há concentração de áreas verdes suficiente para atenuar a TST nas regiões mais urbanizadas, diferentemente do que ocorre em Maringá, em que a presença de cobertura vegetal atenua as altas temperaturas, influenciando o microclima local e contribuindo para o conforto térmico.
Editorial
Authors: Aguiar Claudinei Rodrigues de
Published: December 2020

Editorial
New insights from museum specimens: a case of Viviparidae (Caenogastropoda: Mollusca) in Iwakawa’s collection preserved in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo
Authors: Saito Takumi , Kagawa Osamu
Published: December 2020

In this study, we clarify the classification of museum specimens of the family Viviparidae, which is composed of six species/subspecies in Japan, including three endangered species. We examined Viviparus sclateri specimens from the Tomotaro Iwakawa collection (1855-1933) in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo. The Iwakawa's collection was catalogued in 1919 and Viviparus sclateri, labelled with Naga-tanishi, the current Japanese name for H. longispira, which was, at the time, equivalent to Viviparus sclateri, was listed in this catalogue. The catalogue noted localities of Viviparus sclateri (Naga-tanishi) from outside Lake Biwa, including occurrences in Lake Kasumigaura and Lake Suwa. However, Heterogen longispira (Naga-tanishi) is currently considered to be endemic to Lake Biwa drainage. The actual status of Viviparus sclateri in Iwakawa (1919) has not been clarified until now.

Our examination revealed that Viviparus sclateri from Iwakawa’s catalogue included H. japonica, H. longispira and Sinotaia quadrata histrica, based on current taxonomy. Specimens assigned to H. longispira occurred only in Lake Biwa drainage. Heterogen japonica was confirmed to be present in all lots and some H. japonica from Lake Suwa had a distinctive morphology. Sinotaia quadrata histrica was only confirmed to occur in Lake Suwa. Furthermore, some specimens from southern Lake Biwa and the Seta River had intermediate characteristics between H. japonica and H. longispira and their populations are currently almost extinct.
Balkan Vegetation Database (BVD) – updated information and current status
Authors: Vassilev Kiril , Pedashenko Hristo , Alexandrova Alexandra , Tashev Alexandar , Ganeva Anna , Gavrilova Anna , Macanović Armin , Assenov Assen , Vitkova Antonina , Genova Beloslava , Grigorov Borislav , Gussev Chavdar , Masic Ermin , Filipova Eva , Gecheva Gana , Aneva Ina , Knolova Illona , Nikolov Ivaylo , Georgiev Georgi , Gogushev Georgi , Tinchev Georgi , Minkov Ivan , Pachedzieva Kalina , Mincheva Katerina , Koev Koycho , Lyubenova Mariyana , Dimitrov Marius , Gumus Media , Nazarov Momchil , Apostolova-Stoyanova Nadezhda , Nikolov Nikolay , Velev Nikolay , Zhelev Petar , Glogov Plamen , Natcheva Rayna , Tzonev Rossen , Barudanović Senka , Kostadinova Sofia , Boch Steffen , Hennekens Stephan , Georgiev Stoyan , Stoyanov Stoyan , Karakiev Todor , Ilić Tijana , Kalníková Veronika , Shivarov Veselin , Vulchev Vladimir
Published: December 2020

The Balkan Vegetation Database (BVD; GIVD ID: EU-00-019) is a regional database, which was established in 2014. It comprises phytosociological relevés covering various vegetation types from nine countries of the Balkan Peninsula (Albania – 153 relevés, Bosnia and Herzegovina – 1715, Bulgaria – 12,282, Greece – 465, Croatia – 69, Kosovo – 493, Montenegro – 440, North Macedonia – 13 and Serbia – 2677). Currently, it contains 18,306 relevés (compared to 9.580 in 2016), and most of them (82.8%) are geo-referenced. The database includes both digitized relevés from the literature (65.6%) and unpublished data (34.5%). Plot size is available for 84.7% of all relevés. During the last four years some “header data information” was improved e.g. elevation (now available for 83.4% of all relevés), aspect (67.7%), slope (66%), total cover of vegetation (54.3%), cover of tree, shrub, herb, bryophyte and lichen layers (27.1%, 20.1%, 40.2%, 11.5% and 2.1%), respectively. Data access is either semi-restricted (65.6%) or restricted (34.4%). Most relevés (84.6%) are classified to syntaxa of different levels. The database has been used for numerous studies with various objectives from floristic, vegetation and habitat-related topics, to macroecological studies at the local, regional, national, continental and global levels. During the last four years, BVD data were requested from 111 different projects via the EVA and sPlot databases.
Red Sea Opisthobranchia 6: Phyllidiidae and their paradorid mimic: new species and new records (Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia, Doridina)
Authors: Yonow Nathalie
Published: December 2020

With the complexity of the family Phyllidiidae and the problems of identification in the Indo-West Pacific, the story of the Red Sea species continues to unfold. One new species and one new record are added to the Red Sea fauna, both belonging to the genusPhyllidiella.Phyllidiella amphitritesp. nov.is described from a single specimen from the northern Red Sea and clearly differs from all species ofPhyllidiellain having pale yellow pigment on the tubercles.Phyllidiella zeylanicais newly recorded from the Red Sea with five specimen records and several photographed individuals; other than this, it has a western Indian Ocean distribution.Phyllidia schupporumwas collected for the first time since its original description; because its distribution is now extended to the Persian Gulf, it is no longer considered endemic to the Red Sea. The distribution of the Red Sea endemicPhyllidia dautzenbergiis extended northwards to Hurghada, Egypt. A small specimen of the endemicPhyllidiopsis sinaiensiswas found at 214–237 m depth just at the mouth of the Red Sea, which is a bathymetrical range extension from its previous shallow coral reef records. The identifications of other species are revisited. A new species ofParadorisis described asParadoris hypocritasp. nov., differing from the well-known but localised West PacificP. lituratawhich also resembles a phyllidiid. This new species was recorded many years ago by published photographs, and it is relatively common in the Red Sea, evidenced by several specimens and additional photographs. It is described herein, and is considered a Red Sea endemic, differing from both the unnamed Indian Ocean species and the named Pacific species.
Employee Relations as a Tool of Strategic Competitive Environment
Authors: Pahuja Saloni , Chowdary Kadiyala Mounica , Mittal Sakshi
Published: December 2020

Challenging and ever-changing market scenarios made it difficult for organisations to be different and sustain in the market. While having innovative products, USP (unique selling proposition) and the like are on one side of the competition, attracting and retaining employees have emerged to become key concerns of the organizations. This chapter explains how employee relations help organisations in retaining employees and gain competitive edge. One of the major threats of competition with relation to employees is the changes it brings along with it in terms of the company's policies, strategies, and the pressure it brings to the employees. It is important to maintain employee relations so that these changes do not impact employee performance negatively. The authors further show how these changes will impact the work and how management can overcome the aftereffects by maintaining good employee relations.
Ignoring Commitment of Labor's Welfare
Authors: Subiyanto Effnu
Published: December 2020

Despite many challenges ahead, the state-owned enterprises' roadmap to establish several new forms of holdings are still progressing in Indonesia. Indonesia's government believes that holdings are the best answer to manage all of 143 remaining state-owned enterprises for ease of control, efficiency, effectiveness in operations, and as a driver to boost bigger profit as well. Based on evidence in the state-owned enterprise PT Semen Indonesia's holding, the holding is tending to ignore labor's welfare. Welfare attention has diverted, and unfortunately, only a few are discussing about labor and its rights, especially in justifying distributing annually bonuses. This chapter investigates that holdings' implementation in Indonesia is significantly contrary in terms of labor's views compared with the original theory to build strong corporations for developing better welfare for all parties.
Employees' Attitudes and Perceptions Towards Electronic Monitoring Surveillance Affecting Employee Behavior
Authors: Gautam Omvir , Agrawal Pooja
Published: December 2020

Electronic monitoring surveillance (EMS) has emerged as a mechanism to monitor the behavior of the employees. Fast-growing organizations are adopting this strategy in an expeditious way. EMS deals with the CCTV, internet surfing control, and check on emails. The chapter is an attempt to diagnose the employees' attitudes and perceptions towards EMS and its impact. For this research purpose, a sample was drawn from the population of the selected airports Chandigarh, Pune, Goa, and New Delhi. Sample data of 237 respondents was done by using Smart-PLS. The findings revealed that employees show that attitude and perception towards EMS were significant. It also influenced their work behavior positively. This chapter suggests managerial implications for organizations in understanding the appropriate implementation and use of EMS strategy as future scope of study. Moreover, this chapter also provides a platform for the researchers to study the different HR practices like commitment, loyalty, job satisfaction, and engagement.
Os líderes Farrapos na Revolta de 1957 no Sudoeste do Paraná: abordagens e revisões
Authors: Koling Paulo José
Published: December 2020

O artigo visa analisar as abordagens realizadas sobre a participação e importância, ou não, dos líderes farrapos na Revolta de 1957, ocorrida no Sudoeste do Paraná, que resultou na derrota das companhias de terra e do governo de Moysés Lupion que praticavam a grilagem nas terras das glebas Missões e parte da Chopim. Nas abordagens sobre a revolta, predomina a exaltação dos líderes urbanos que atuaram no período de 1951 até outubro de 1957, bem como no período seguinte à derrota lupionista, uma vez que se tornaram dirigentes políticos e considerados “heróis” do levante de Outubro de 1957, pois a vitória teria ocorrido sem o derramamento de sangue. Todavia, as referências dos líderes farrapos na área de fronteira com a Argentina, principalmente de Pedro Santin, ficaram em segundo plano ou como exemplo negativo a ser seguido e rememorado.
COORDENAÇÃO GRUPAL EM UMA MODALIDADE DE CUIDADO: GRUPO COMUNITÁRIO DE SAÚDE MENTAL
Authors: Prado Ana Paula Craveiro , Cardoso Cármen Lúcia
Published: December 2020

O Grupo Comunitário de Saúde Mental (GCSM) configura um programa de cuidado e de promoção de saúde mental, aberto à comunidade e alinhado aos princípios da Reforma Psiquiátrica, desenvolvido ao longo de mais de 23 anos, mediante a prática, a observação sistemática e a investigação científica. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender o papel do coordenador nesta modalidade. O corpus da pesquisa foi constituído a partir de seis sessões grupais áudio gravadas e transcritas na íntegra. Foi delineado um percurso original de análise, em que todas as intervenções do coordenador foram descritas, analisadas e contextualizadas em relação ao momento e desenvolvimento da sessão grupal. Foram identificados eixos comuns às intervenções, que as caracterizam: ‘O enquadre no Grupo Comunitário de Saúde Mental’; ‘O olhar para o gesto humano nas contribuições’; e ‘A participação pessoal do coordenador’. A partir destes, observou-se que a forma de coordenar o GCSM guarda relação com a proposta da atividade e sua fundamentação teórica, filosófica e empírica, inspirada pela fenomenologia clássica. O enquadre, as intervenções e o posicionamento do coordenador favoreceram a constituição de um espaço de cuidado intersubjetivo, em perspectiva de horizontalidade, a partir da tarefa de reconhecer experiências cotidianas significativas ao percurso de amadurecimento da pessoa humana. Nesse sentido, este esta pesquisa aponta para a relevância do estudo aprofundado de aspectos das práticas grupais, como a coordenação, como forma de melhor descrevê-las e compreendê-las.
ANÁLISE DE GÊNERO DOS CONTEÚDOS DAS VOZES QUE OS OUTROS NÃO OUVEM
Authors: Prado Kantorski Luciane , Antunes Machado Roberta , Gentile dos Santos Cátia , De Oliveira Couto Maria Laura , Irigonhé Ramos Camila
Published: December 2020

De sintoma à experiência, a significação da audição de vozes vem se transformando ao longo da história. No entanto, ainda hoje, quando o usuário relata ouvir vozes, é aligeiradamente diagnosticado com algum transtorno mental e encaminhado para o tratamento que, em sua maioria, é medicamentoso. Subjetividade, conteúdo das vozes e suas interfaces com aspectos socioculturais não costumam fazer parte da assistência aos ouvidores de vozes. Diante disso, objetivou-se analisar a presença dos valores e estereótipos social e culturalmente estabelecidos para mulheres e homens no conteúdo das vozes de usuárias(os) de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial II mediante a leitura de 389 prontuários ativos. Os resultados demonstram que os enunciados presentes nos conteúdos das vozes foram influenciados pelos valores e estereótipos sociais e culturais, como as violências, os papéis de homens e mulheres na sociedade e a formação do sujeito feminino a partir da estética do corpo. A incorporação do marcador de gênero em pesquisas sobre os ouvidores de vozes promove uma análise sócio-histórica dessa experiência, ultrapassando as limitações que a psiquiatria a impôs. Além de empoderar os sujeitos, considerar a história de vida das pessoas que ouvem vozes e o que a voz enuncia por intermédio do seu conteúdo permite a criação de estratégias para o desenvolvimento de uma boa convivência com elas, repercutindo na saúde mental e na produção de vida desses sujeitos.
How urologists deal with chronic prostatitis? The preliminary results of a Mediterranean survey
Authors: Stamatiou Konstantinos , Magri Vittorio , Perletti Gianpaolo , Samara Evangelia , Christopoulos Georgios , Trinchieri Alberto
Published: December 2020

Objectives: We performed a questionnaire survey to investigate various issues in the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis (CP) performed by Greek urologists and to assess some aspects of prostatitis workup in Greece. Replies were compared with those of Italian clinical research partners in an attempt to clarify the CP diagnostic approaches in Southern European Mediterranean countries. Methods: We translated the original Italian questionnaire presented by Magri and Montanari in the frame of a urological congress held in Milan on October 26th, 2018. Τhis 5-item questionnaire explores clinical practice characteristics, attitudes, and diagnostic strategies for the management of chronic prostatitis (Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis or Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome, according to NIH criteria). After its validation the questionnaire was uploaded in the internet and Greek healthcare professionals were invited by mail to respond. Responses were compared with those of Italian urologists, in order to determine similarities and differences in attitudes between clinicians regarding the diagnostic assessment of CP. Results: There is a wide variation in participants' preferences for diagnostic methods, laboratory tests and clinical examinations both in Italy and in Greece. In both countries many diagnostic tests performed in affected patients are only geared to exclude other treatable conditions (e.g., benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder cancer), but more suitable methods and tests for the assessment of CP are less frequently used. Conclusions: Urologists' choices for the diagnostic workup of CP, show a wide international or intra-national variability between Greece and Italy. Although several diagnostic tests are available to differentiate and categorize the types of CP, a large number of urologists use less suitable methods and tests. This fact reflects both the lack of consensual vision in the literature and the difficulties encountered on a daily basis by the physicians. Under the light of this evidence, the need of studies establishing consensual guidelines for the optimal diagnosis of CP is becoming imperative.
Antioxidant treatment of increased sperm DNA fragmentation: Complex combinations are not more successful
Authors: Ozer Cevahir
Published: December 2020

Objective: Oral antioxidant supplementation is part of the treatment of infertility associated with oxidative stress-related sperm damage. It is possible to assume that the combined use of antioxidants will be better than single agent use. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different antioxidant combinations in infertile men with increased sperm DNA fragmentation. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 637 patients who underwent antioxidant support therapy for increased sperm DNA damage between 2014 and 2019. Patients with DNA damage of 30% or more were included study. Result: A total of 163 patients with follow-up data and who fulfilled the study criteria were included in the study. There were four different treatment groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups. After 3 months of antioxidant treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in sperm DNA damage in all treatment groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups. Conclusions: The complexity of the antioxidant combination may not contribute to the success of the treatment or may cause possible side effects, increase the cost of treatment and decrease patient compliance.
Role of total motile sperm count in the evaluation of young men with bilateral subclinical varicocele and asthenospermia
Authors: Tsampoukas Georgios , Dellis Athanasios , Katsouri Antigoni , Brown Dominic , Deliveliotis Konstantinos , Moussa Mohamad , Buchholz Noor , Papatsoris Athanasios
Published: December 2020

Introduction: In comparison to its clinical analogue, the subclinical varicocele represents a questionable entity and specific guidelines for the optimal management are lacking. In our previous study of patients with subclinical varicocele, we showed that bilateral condition is associated with risk of dyspermia. In the present study, we evaluated the risk of deterioration of semen quality in men with bilateral disease and impaired motility according to WHO criteria. Materials and methods: Men with bilateral subclinical varicocele, not desiring fatherhood at the time of presentation, were included in study. During initial evaluation, the number of Total Motile Sperm Count (TMSC) was calculated and the patients’ age, total testicular volume (TTV), maximum venous size and mean resistive index (RI) of the intratesticular arteries were recorded. We classified the participants in five classes according to the TMSC reading: class A-: TMSC < 5 x 106, class A: TMSC between 5-10 x 106, class B: TMSC between 10-15 x 106, class C: TMSC between 15-20 x 106, and class D: TMSC > 20 x 106 per ejaculate. The participants were seen after 6 months for a repeat spermiogram and physical examination. If clinical varicocele was diagnosed or a new abnormality in the spermiogram was noted, the participants were excluded from the study. The remaining patients were allocated to two groups according to the repeat TMSC reading: patients sub-classified into a lower class (group 1), and patients remaining at the same class (group 2). A comparative analysis was performed between two groups. Results: Nineteen men were included. Nine patients were subclassified (group 1). Three patients moved to A- class (< 5 x 106). Ten patients remained in the same class having no deterioration (group 2). Comparing the two groups, no statistically significant difference was recognized for age, TTV, maximum venous size on both sides, and mean RI (p > 0.05). However, the initial reading for TMSC was 14.57 x 106 in group 1, and 22.84 x 106 in group 2, respectively. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Additionally, in a paired analysis there was a significant difference in TMSC after 6 months (p < 0.05), too. Summary Conclusions: Young men with bilateral varicocele and asthenospermia seem to be at risk of deterioration in their semen quality after a follow-up of 6 months. The measurement of TMSC can unmask patients at risk, whereas men with the lowest readings seem to be at highest risk for deterioration. The possibility of a worsening sperm quality should be considered in the appropriate clinical context.
Erectile dysfunction in common neurological conditions: A narrative review
Authors: Moussa Mohamad , Papatsoris Athanasios G. , Abou Chakra Mohamad , Dabboucy Baraa , Fares Youssef
Published: December 2020

Neurogenic erectile dysfunction (NED) can be defined as the inability to achieve or maintain an erection due to central or peripheral neurologic disease. Neurologic diseases can also affect the physical ability and psychological status of the patient. All these factors may lead to a primary or secondary NED. Medication history plays an important role since there are many drugs commonly used in neurologic patients that can lead to ED. The assessment of NED in these patients is generally evolving with the application of evoked potentials technology in the test of somatic and autonomic nerves, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. With the electrophysiological examinations, neurogenic causes can be determined. These tools allow to categorize neurologic lesion and assess the patient prognosis. The first-line treatment for NED is phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Second-line treatments include intracavernous and intraurethral vasoactive injections. Third-line treatments are penile prostheses. The efficacy and safety of each treatment modality depend on the specific neurologic condition. This review discusses the physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of ED in multiple peripheral and central neurologic conditions, as well as for future research.
Comparison of penile prosthesis types' complications: A retrospective analysis of single center
Authors: Kisa Erdem , Keskin Mehmet Zeynel , Yucel Cem , Ucar Murat , Yalbuzdag Okan , Ilbey Yusuf Ozlem
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes and complication rates associated with semirigid (malleable) and inflatable penile prostheses (PPs) and investigate the factors that influence these complications. Material and methods: The records of 131 patients who had undergone penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) in our clinic due to erectile dysfunction (ED) between January 2010 and March 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The initial surgery included 116 primary implants and 15 men had two revision operations. Patients were assigned to two groups as semirigid (malleable) PPI (group 1) and inflatable PPI (group 2) patients, and obtained data were compared across these two groups. Results: Group 1 included 93 patients, while Group 2 included 38 patients. Postoperative complication rates of Group 1 were 8.6% (n = 8), and Group 2 were 21% (n = 8), and the comparison of postoperative complication rates revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.025). The majority of these complications (50%) was constituted by mechanical failure associated with inflatable PPs. When patients were further segregated as those with and without diabetes type 2 (DM) and those who had and had not undergone radical pelvic surgery (RPS), the comparison of complication rates across these subgroups did not yield any significant difference. Conclusions: We determined in this study that semirigid (malleable) PPs were associated with lower complication rates compared to the inflatable group, particularly with regard to mechanic failure, and that DM and history of RPS did not make a difference in complication rates in patients planned to undergo PPI.
A rare complication of pituitary adenoma surgery in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 syndrome with two novel genetic mutations
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Bhattacharjee Suchanda , Anne Beatrice
Published: December 2020

Pituitary adenoma surgeries are common in neurosurgical setup. Majority are tackled by a transsphenoidal route either by endoscopic or microscopic aid. Complications such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, meningitis, diabetes insipidus, hematoma, and loss of vision are known, but midbrain infarct is rarely reported. We report and discuss the possible mechanism of this rare and unusual complication in transsphenoidal surgery. A 36-year-old nulliparous female with no comorbidities suffering from primary infertility presented with intermittent headache for 9 months with bitemporal vision disturbances for 3 months, pigmentation around the neck and nape, oligomenorrhea with an established diagnosis of plurihormonal secreting pituitary tumor (predominantly adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin), hyperparathyroidism, and diabetes. The whole symptom fitted into the diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN-1) syndrome. Molecular genetic testing was done with full gene sequencing analysis of MEN-1 gene using polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, Sanger DNA sequencing was done, and two novel variations, namely IVS 9c.1364 + 99C>G and EXON 10 c.1813 C>T (p. L605 L), were detected. Radiology detected a microadenoma in the right lobe of the pituitary with mild deviation of the pituitary stalk on dynamic contrast-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging. Gross total excision of the tumor was done through transsphenoidal approach. The surgery was uneventful other than some blood-mixed CSF leak. Post excision, fat and tissue glue was packed. The patient did not wake up from anesthesia and had bilateral dilated pupil with no oculocephalic reflex. Investigations revealed bilateral thalamic and midbrain infarct. The patient subsequently expired. This case is reported in view of its unusual complication and to create awareness for such a fatal complication following transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary microadenoma and the importance of diligent approach to transsphenoidal surgery and to report novel genetic mutation of MEN-I gene.
Solitary plasmacytoma with amyloid – An unusual dural-based lesion
Authors: Gajaria Pooja , Shenoy Asha , Chaudhari Jayashri , Goel Naina
Published: December 2020

Solitary plasmacytoma of the dura without systemic involvement are extremely rare lesions, with <15 cases reported in the literature. Among these, ours is the second case to show the presence of amyloid. Fifty-year-old male had presented with headache, sudden onset right-sided weakness, and vomiting. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extra-axial mass in the left fronto-parietal region measuring 10 cm × 8.7 cm × 3.9 cm, suggestive of meningioma. The left fronto-parietal craniotomy was performed and multiple tissue bits aggregating to 10 cm × 8.5 cm × 2 cm along with thinned out membrane-like bit of calvarium was sent for pathologic examination. H and E stained sections showed sheets of plasmacytoid cells along with amyloid, which showed apple-green birefringence on Congo red staining. On immunohistochemistry, tumor cells were positive for CD38, CD138, showed kappa light chain restriction and were negative for CD45, CD34. Hence, it was diagnosed as a plasma cell neoplasm. Further work-up with whole-body positron-emission tomography scan revealed no systemic involvement. Dural-based lesions can mimic meningioma radiographically as well as intraoperatively. Histopathological examination unveils the diagnosis, to guide appropriate therapeutic regimens.
Endodermal cysts of the central nervous system: Review of the literature and a case report
Authors: Kalfas Fotios , Scudieri Claudia
Published: December 2020

Context: Endodermal cysts are rare benign developmental cysts lined by mucin-secreting and/or ciliated, cuboidal, or columnar epithelium of probably endodermal origin. Aims: Endodermal cysts are rarely intracranial, frequently located in the posterior fossa. Supratentorial location is the most infrequent and only few cases are reported in the literature, included our case. Settings and Design: The authors report a case of intracranial supratentorial endodermal cyst with a review of the literature. Subjects and Methods: A 40-year-old woman was admitted to our department because of progressive gait disorder for 3 months due to right brachial and crural motor deficit associated to right crural sensory disorder (tactile hypesthesia) and right Babinski response at neurological examination due to an endodermal cyst located in the left frontoparietal convexity. Discussion: Total resection of endodermal cysts is recommended, despite their location and adhesion to the surrounding structures, due to its high risk of recurrence. Fenestration of the cystic content into the subarachnoid cistern may cause obstructive hydrocephalus or chemical meningism. Results: Although rare, surgeons should be aware that these lesions must be differentiated clinically, radiologically, and histologically from other supratentorial cystic lesions.