bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to tune the absorption spectrum of chlorophylls to enable better use of the available solar spectrum
Authors: Silva Pedro J. , Osswald-Claro Maria , Castro Mendonça Rosário
Published: December 2022

Photon capture by chlorophylls and other chromophores in light-harvesting complexes and photosystems is the driving force behind the light reactions of photosynthesis. Excitation of photosystem II allows it to receive electrons from the water-oxidizing oxygen-evolution complex and to transfer them to an electron-transport chain that generates a transmembrane electrochemical gradient and ultimately reduces plastocyanin, which donates its electron to photosystem I. Subsequently, excitation of photosystem I leads to electron transfer to a ferredoxin which can either reduce plastocyanin again (in so-called “cyclical electron-flow”) and release energy for the maintenance of the electrochemical gradient, or reduce NADP+ to NADPH. Although photons in the far-red (700–750 nm) portion of the solar spectrum carry enough energy to enable the functioning of the photosynthetic electron-transfer chain, most extant photosystems cannot usually take advantage of them due to only absorbing light with shorter wavelengths. In this work, we used computational methods to characterize the spectral and redox properties of 49 chlorophyll derivatives, with the aim of finding suitable candidates for incorporation into synthetic organisms with increased ability to use far-red photons. The data offer a simple and elegant explanation for the evolutionary selection of chlorophylls a, b, c, and d among all easily-synthesized singly-substituted chlorophylls, and identified one novel candidate (2,12-diformyl chlorophyll a) with an absorption peak shifted 79 nm into the far-red (relative to chlorophyll a) with redox characteristics fully suitable to its possible incorporation into photosystem I (though not photosystem II). chlorophyll d is shown by our data to be the most suitable candidate for incorporation into far-red utilizing photosystem II, and several candidates were found with red-shifted Soret bands that allow the capture of larger amounts of blue and green light by light harvesting complexes.
Role of Decompressive Craniectomy/ Hemicraniectomy in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Singh Sudhir , Maheshwari Rajat , Surendran Anupam , Sharath AP
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Head injury is one of the most common outcomes of any kind of trauma becoming the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The critical element in the treatment of patients with severe head injuries is to prevent the progression of the condition and secondary insult to brain cells. Various protocols are followed for the treatment of severe head injury starting from conservative medical management to surgical approaches like DC/hemicraniectomy (DC). The DC is a surgical method of removal of part of skull bone so that the brain parenchyma gets space to expand and the Intracranial Pressure (ICP) can get reduced. There are various factors that contribute to the outcome of DC. Aim: To determine the various factors that affect the outcome of DC/hemicraniectomy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the Institute of Gandhi Medical College and associated Hamidia hospital, Madhya Pradesh, India from May 2017 to April 2021. Hundred patients with moderate to severe head injury who underwent primary DC were included in this study. The variables such as age, preoperative GCS, the timing of surgery, preoperative pupillary reaction, and MidLine Shift (MLS) were compared in terms of survival/death and favourable/ unfavourable outcomes using the chi-square test. Results: The mean age of participants was 45±14 years. Statistical analysis showed significant results for the variables like age, preoperative the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), timing of the surgery, pupillary reaction at presentation, and preoperative MLS in terms of survival/death and favourable/ unfavourable outcomes. Conclusion: Younger age group, better preoperative GCS, early surgery, reactive pupils at presentation, and less preoperative MLS have positive outcome benefits with the DC/ hemicraniectomy to reduce the raised ICP.
ESTUDO SOBRE O TRABALHO PEDAGÓGICO ESCOLAR E A CONSTITUIÇÃO DE HABITUS EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Penna Marieta Gouvêa de Oliveira
Published: December 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar manifestações do habitus referido ao campo da educação, evidenciadas nas formas como se dá a organização e realização do trabalho pedagógico na escola, em meio a disputas pela imposição de crenças e valores educativos expressos nas relações sociais. Os dados foram coletados com a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o diretor, a coordenadora pedagógica, a supervisora, e duas professoras indicadas pelo diretor por serem colaborativas, em uma escola municipal da Grande São Paulo. Para as análises, foram mobilizados os conceitos de habitus e campo desenvolvidos por Pierre Bourdieu. Evidenciou-se que as formas de organização do trabalho escolar e os discursos e disputas presentes no campo da educação produzem o habitus educacional, manifestando-se nas práticas pedagógicas.
ALFABETIZADORAS EM INÍCIO DE CARREIRA E OS DESAFIOS DAS RELAÇÕES COM PAIS/RESPONSÁVEIS NO ENSINO REMOTO
Authors: Gonçalves Ferreira Carmen Regina , Medeiros Nogueira Gabriela
Published: December 2022

Este artigo trata sobre os desafios enfrentados por alfabetizadoras em início de carreira em um novo processo de mediação remota de aprendizagem, no momento em que se enfrenta a pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19). Apresentam-se os dados de uma pesquisa realizada com cinco professoras da rede pública municipal no Rio Grande do Sul sobre as estratégias utilizadas por elas para estabelecerem uma rede de comunicação com os familiares, a fim de auxiliarem no acompanhamento de seus filhos durante o período de distanciamento social. Se anteriormente a participação dos pais/responsáveis era fundamental na escola, atualmente com o ensino remoto ela é imprescindível. No entanto, firmar uma relação de parceria com pais/responsáveis requer dedicação, sensibilidade e acolhimento por parte das alfabetizadoras.
Impact of Locus of Control on Emotional Intelligence: A Study of College Students
Authors: Nitima . , Gandhi Shabana , Katoch Madhur , Pathania Raj
Published: December 2022

Aim: To assess student’s locus of control and to identify the impact of locus of control on emotional intelligence among college students. Gender differences were also assessed in the study regarding student’s locus of control.

Study Design: An exploratory research design was used for the study where data were taken from primary sources.

Place of Study: The study was conducted in two coeducational and two girl’s colleges of Chandigarh in the year 2018-19.

Methodology: A sample size of 100 boys and 100 girls (50 students in the age group of 18-24 years from each college) was selected randomly for the study. Data were collected from respondents by using standardized scales viz. Rotter’s Internal-External Locus of Control (Indian Adaptation) and Emotional Intelligence Test. Tabulation of data was done and frequencies were calculated and data was further subjected to statistical analysis through SPSS software.

Results: Based on study findings, out of 200 students, 116 students including both boys and girls have showed external locus of control. From linear regression results, it revealed that managing emotions was positively significant at confidence level 0.1 with external and internal locus of control while empathy was significantly but negatively associated with internal locus of control at 0.1 level of confidence.

Conclusion: It was concluded from results that, most of the sample have more external locus of control followed by internal locus of control. As both the dimensions of locus are significant with managing emotions at 90% intervals. Furthermore, the results for empathy are negative but significant which means that internal locus of control has significant impact on empathy. No significant gender differences were found for locus of control.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 10 January 1896.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Front matter for Volume 30

Table of contents 

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1895-6

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1896

List of Honorary members November 1896

List of the Lady Associates November 1896
Uma Leitura Etnogeográfica do Brasil Sertanejo
Authors: Almeida Maria Geralda de
Published: December 2022

Busca-se, neste texto, discutir as identidades territoriais e a etnoterritorialidade do sertanejo do sertão brasileiro. Serão evidenciadas as dimensões culturais construídas “no mundo rústico, sertão, onde estariam nossas raízes e nossa autenticidade”, conforme nos lembra Martins (2000, p. 28), para entender esse sertanejo e, nisso, entendermos a nós mesmos. Ao destacar essas identidades, longe de “fabricar” uma tipologia, um mito sobre a identidade sertaneja, pretende-se chamar atenção de estudiosos da ciência geográfica para os elementos de uma diversidade invisível, contida na expressão “identidade ou cultura sertaneja”. Discute-se ainda o uso do Cerrado e da Caatinga por seus habitantes como um marco identitário das populações e paisagens sertanejas.
Fifty Years of a National Program for the Treatment of Kidney Failure
Authors: Erickson Kevin F. , Worsley Melandrea , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C.
Published: December 2022

This Viewpoint examines the first 50 years of the US End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) program, including technological updates and continuing challenges to update cost and quality.
Acute, Prolonged, and Extensive Myocardial Ischemia in a Patient With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Savonitto Stefano , Angelini Gianmarco , Farina Andrea
Published: December 2022

This case report describes a patient in their 60s with spontaneously subsiding and reoccurring severe acute chest pain that lasted for about 30 minutes as well as a recent diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Long-term Incidence Rates of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Chinese Patients With Low-grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Association of Surveillance Endoscopy With Incidence
Authors: Li He , Wu Hongliang , Cao Maomao , Yu Yiwen , Zhou Jinyi , Zhang Shaokai , Tong Feng , Gong Jiyong , Wang Huadong , Yang Fan , He Siyi , Yan Xinxin , Zhang Shaoli , Luo Pengfei , Ma Hengmin , Liang Ling , Xia Changfa , Chen Wanqing
Published: December 2022

Importance

Surveillance endoscopy is recommended for patients with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN); high-quality evidence about the use of surveillance endoscopy and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) incidence in patients with LGIN is important but limited.

Objective

To estimate long-term ESCC incidence rates in patients with LGIN and the association between surveillance endoscopy and ESCC incidence.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This community-based, multicenter, prospective cohort study in 9 regions in rural China included patients with LGIN diagnosed by endoscopic screening between July 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016; all participants were followed up until December 31, 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was ESCC incidence. The ESCC standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was estimated using sex- and age-specific incidence in the general population of rural China in 2010 and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

A total of 3258 patients with LGIN were included; 1772 (54.39%) were men, with a mean (SD) age of 58.21 (6.97) years. Among them, 1378 patients (42.30%) underwent at least 1 surveillance endoscopy (surveillance group) and 1880 (57.70%) did not undergo any surveillance endoscopy (nonsurveillance group). During the follow-up period (median, 7.96 years; IQR, 6.08-10.54 years), 170 ESCC cases were diagnosed, with a cumulative incidence of 6.28 per 1000 person-years. A higher incidence of ESCC (incidence rate, 7.07 per 1000 person-years) was observed in the nonsurveillance group than in the surveillance group (incidence rate, 5.14 per 1000 person-years). Patients with LGIN in the surveillance group had a lower SIR (SIR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.13-10.34) than those in the nonsurveillance group (SIR, 5.65; 95% CI, 2.00-12.58); however, patients with LGIN in both groups had a higher risk of ESCC than the general population. Patients in the surveillance group had a 31% decreased risk of ESCC incidence (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.95) compared with those in the nonsurveillance group, after adjusting for baseline risk factors.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prospective cohort study, patients with LGIN had a higher risk of developing ESCC than the general population, and endoscopic surveillance was associated with a decrease in ESCC incidence in these patients.
Association of Chlorhexidine Use and Scaling and Root Planing With Birth Outcomes in Pregnant Individuals With Periodontitis
Authors: Merchant Anwar T. , Gupta Rajat Das , Akonde Maxwell , Reynolds Mark , Smith-Warner Stephanie , Liu Jihong , Tarannum Fouzia , Beck James , Mattison Donald
Published: December 2022

Importance

Chlorhexidine mouthwash enhances treatment effects of conventional periodontal treatment, but data on chlorhexidine as a source of heterogeneity in meta-analyses assessing the treatment of maternal periodontitis in association with birth outcomes are lacking.

Objective

To assess possible heterogeneity by chlorhexidine use in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of periodontal treatment (ie, scaling and root planing [SRP]) vs no treatment on birth outcomes.

Data Sources

Cochrane Oral Health’s Trials Register, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth’s Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, LILACS BIREME Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information database), US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov), and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched through March 2022.

Study Selection

RCTs were included if they were conducted among pregnant individuals with periodontitis, used interventions consisting of SRP vs no periodontal treatment, and assessed birth outcomes.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data were abstracted with consensus of 2 reviewers using Rayyan and assessed for bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool before random effects subgroup meta-analyses. Analyses were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes of interest were preterm birth (ie, <37 weeks’ gestation) and low birth weight (ie, <2500 g).

Results

There were 12 studies with a total of 5735 participants evaluating preterm birth. Control group participants did not receive any treatment or use chlorhexidine during pregnancy. All intervention group participants received SRP; in 5 of these studies (with 2570 participants), pregnant participants in the treatment group either received chlorhexidine mouthwash or advice to use it, but participants in the remaining 7 studies (with 3183 participants) did not. There were 8 studies with a total of 3510 participants evaluating low birth weight, including 3 studies with SRP plus chlorhexidine (with 594 participants) and 6 studies with SRP only (with 2916 participants). The SRP plus chlorhexidine groups had lower risk of preterm birth (relative risk [RR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34-0.93) and low birth weight (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.68) but not the SRP-only groups (preterm birth: RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.82-1.29; low birth weight: RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.62-1.08).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that treating maternal periodontitis with chlorhexidine mouthwash plus SRP was associated with reduced risk of preterm and low birth weight. Well-conducted RCTs are needed to test this hypothesis.
Surge in Pediatric Firearm Injuries Presenting to US Children’s Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Iantorno Stephanie E. , Swendiman Robert A. , Bucher Brian T. , Russell Katie W.
Published: December 2022

This cohort study uses administrative health data to evaluate trends in pediatric firearm injuries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound and the Assessment of Disease Activity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Vega‐Fernandez Patricia , Oberle Edward J. , Henrickson Michael , Huggins Jennifer , Prahalad Sampath , Cassedy Amy , Roth Johannes , Ting Tracy V. ,   for the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Investigators
Published: December 2022

Objective

To determine the frequency of subclinical synovitis on musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and correlate patient‐ and provider‐reported outcome measures with MSUS synovitis.

Method

JIA patients with an active joint count (AJC) of >4 underwent a 42‐joint MSUS performed at baseline and 3 months. B‐mode and power Doppler images were obtained and scored (range 0–3) for each of the 42 joints. Outcomes evaluated included physician global assessment of disease activity (PhGA), patient global assessment of disease activity (PtGA), patient pain, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (C‐HAQ), and AJC. Subclinical synovitis was defined as synovitis detected by MSUS only. Generalized estimation equations were used to test the relationship between clinical arthritis (positive/negative) and subclinical synovitis (positive/negative). Spearman's correlation coefficients (rs) were calculated to determine the association between MSUS synovitis and patient‐ and physician‐reported outcomes.

Results

In 30 patients, subclinical synovitis was detected in 30% of joints. Clinical arthritis of the fingers, wrists, and knee joints was significantly associated with MSUS synovitis in these joints. PtGA and the C‐HAQ had a moderate (rs = 0.44, P = 0.014) to weak (rs = 0.37, P = 0.045) correlation with MSUS synovitis. There was a statistically significant strong correlation between MSUS synovitis and PhGA (rs = 0.61, P = 0.001), but a weak correlation with AJC (rs = 0.37, P = 0.048) at the follow‐up visit.

Conclusion

Subclinical synovitis was commonly observed in this cohort of JIA patients. The fair‐to‐moderate correlation of MSUS synovitis with patient‐ and provider‐reported outcomes suggests that MSUS assesses a different, possibly more objective, domain not determined by traditional JIA outcome measurements.
Simultaneous Absorption and Near‐Infrared Emission Enhancement of Cr3+ Ions in MgGa2O4 Spinel Oxide via Anionic F‐Substitution
Authors: Yao Leqi , Jia Qianyi , Yu Shijie , Liang Chao , Jiang Jianqing , Shao Qiyue
Published: December 2022

Near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) are newly emerging broadband NIR light sources. However, the lack of high‐performance NIR‐emitting materials limits their popularization. Herein, an anionic F‐substitution strategy is presented to regulate the light absorption and emission of MgGa2O4:Cr3+ phosphors. Accordingly, absorption enhancement as well as emission redshift and broadening are achieved for F‐substituted MgGa2O4:Cr3+ (MGOF:Cr3+) phosphors, simultaneously with high efficiency and excellent thermal stability. Upon blue light excitation, the MGOF:0.02Cr3+ phosphor exhibits a broadband NIR emission (650–1200 nm) with a peak wavelength (λmax) of 835 nm and a full width at half maximum of ≈250 nm. Furthermore, MGOF:0.02Cr3+ has a near‐unity internal quantum efficiency and its emission intensity at 150 °C maintains 94% of the initial value. A record external quantum efficiency of 60.6% is further achieved for MGOF:0.08Cr3+ with a redshifted λmax of 870 nm. The Cr3+ local structural alteration with F‐substitution is revealed to account for the outstanding NIR luminescence characteristics of MGOF:Cr3+ in view of systematic structural characterization and spectroscopic analysis. A broadband NIR pc‐LED device with good optical performance is fabricated and its application in semiconductor wafer inspection is demonstrated. This study initiates a new way to design high‐performance NIR phosphors.
RIIβ‐PKA in GABAergic Neurons of Dorsal Median Hypothalamus Governs White Adipose Browning
Authors: Wang Bingwei , Zhao Miao , Su Zhijie , Jin Baohua , Yang Xiaoning , Zhang Chenyu , Guo Bingbing , Li Jiebo , Hong Weili , Liu Jiarui , Zhao Yun , Hou Yujia , Lai Futing , Zhang Wei , Qin Lihua , Zhang Weiguang , Luo Jianyuan , Zheng Ruimao
Published: December 2022

The RIIβ subunit of  cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is expressed in the brain and adipose tissue. RIIβ‐knockout mice show leanness and increased UCP1 in brown adipose tissue. The authors have previously reported that RIIβ reexpression in hypothalamic GABAergic neurons rescues the leanness. However, whether white adipose tissue (WAT) browning contributes to the leanness and whether RIIβ‐PKA in these neurons governs WAT browning are unknown. Here, this work reports that RIIβ‐KO mice exhibit a robust WAT browning. RIIβ reexpression in dorsal median hypothalamic GABAergic neurons (DMH GABAergic neurons) abrogates WAT browning. Single‐cell sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and electrophysiological studies show increased GABAergic activity in DMH GABAergic neurons of RIIβ‐KO mice. Activation of DMH GABAergic neurons or inhibition of PKA in these neurons elicits WAT browning and thus lowers body weight. These findings reveal that RIIβ‐PKA in DMH GABAergic neurons regulates WAT browning. Targeting RIIβ‐PKA in DMH GABAergic neurons may offer a clinically useful way to promote WAT browning for treating obesity and other metabolic disorders.
A Polymeric Nanoparticle Formulation for Targeted mRNA Delivery to Fibroblasts
Authors: Rodrigues Artur Filipe , Rebelo Catarina , Simões Susana , Paulo Cristiana , Pinho Sónia , Francisco Vítor , Ferreira Lino
Published: December 2022

Messenger RNA (mRNA)‐based therapies offer enhanced control over the production of therapeutic proteins for many diseases. Their clinical implementation warrants formulations capable of delivering them safely and effectively to target sites. Owing to their chemical versatility, polymeric nanoparticles can be designed by combinatorial synthesis of different ionizable, cationic, and aromatic moieties to modulate cell targeting, using inexpensive formulation steps. Herein, 152 formulations are evaluated by high‐throughput screening using a reporter fibroblast model sensitive to functional delivery of mRNA encoding Cre recombinase. Using in vitro and in vivo models, a polymeric nanoformulation based on the combination of 3 specific monomers is identified to transfect fibroblasts much more effectively than other cell types populating the skin, with superior performance than lipid‐based transfection agents in the delivery of Cas9 mRNA and guide RNA. This tropism can be explained by receptor‐mediated endocytosis, involving CD26 and FAP, which are overexpressed in profibrotic fibroblasts. Structure‐activity analysis reveals that efficient mRNA delivery required the combination of high buffering capacity and low mRNA binding affinity for rapid release upon endosomal escape. These results highlight the use of high‐throughput screening to rapidly identify chemical features towards the design of highly efficient mRNA delivery systems targeting fibrotic diseases.
Nanostructured Gallium Nitride Membrane at Wafer Scale for Photo(Electro)catalytic Polluted Water Remediation
Authors: Zhang Huafan , Min Jung‐Hong , Chung Tae‐Hoon , Lee Kwangjae , Gnanasekar Paulraj , Min Jung‐Wook , Park Tae‐Yong , Wang Yue , Ng Tien Khee , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Gan Qiaoqiang , Ooi Boon S.
Published: December 2022

Photo(electro)catalysis methods have drawn significant attention for efficient, energy‐saving, and environmental‐friendly organic contaminant degradation in wastewater. However, conventional oxide‐based powder photocatalysts are limited to UV‐light absorption and are unfavorable in the subsequent postseparation process. In this paper, a large‐area crystalline‐semiconductor nitride membrane with a distinct nanoporous surface is fabricated, which can be scaled up to a full wafer and easily retrieved after photodegradation. The unique nanoporous surface enhances broadband light absorption, provides abundant reactive sites, and promotes the dye‐molecule reaction with adsorbed hydroxyl radicals on the surface. The superior electric contact between the nickel bottom layer and nitride membrane facilitates swift charge carrier transportation. In laboratory tests, the nanostructure membrane can degrade 93% of the dye in 6 h under illumination with a small applied bias (0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl). Furthermore, a 2 inch diameter wafer‐scale membrane is deployed in a rooftop test under natural sunlight. The membrane operates stably for seven cycles (over 50 h) with an outstanding dye degradation efficiency (>92%) and satisfied average total organic carbon removal rate (≈50%) in each cycle. This demonstration thus opens the pathway toward the production of nanostructured semiconductor layers for large‐scale and practical wastewater treatment using natural sunlight.
Inhibition of Si Fracture Via Rigid Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Hajin , Kim Ahyun , Kim Hyun‐Seung , Jeon Chan‐Wook , Yoon Taeho
Published: December 2022

Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for Si‐adapted batteries. However, the development of a stable SEI that can withstand the volume change upon lithiation and delithiation of Si is challenging. Herein, the stability of an SEI on Si and its additional role in fracture inhibition are verified using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and scanning electron microscopy. A comparative study of various electrolytes confirms that the fluoroethylene carbonate‐derived SEI is not only stable, but also suppresses cracking in a thin‐film electrode. An underlying mechanism and the requirements for a fracture‐inhibiting SEI are proposed. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that it has been shown that an SEI can inhibit cracking in an active material, as well as suppress electrolyte decomposition. These results provide important insights into the insufficiently explored role of the SEI, which will guide the design of advanced battery systems using novel additives and coating materials.
Forage and cattle production during organic transition in dual‐purpose wheat systems
Authors: Hinson Philip O. , Pinchak Bill , Adams Curtis B. , Jones David , Rajan Nithya , Kimura Emi , Somenahally Anil
Published: December 2022

Dual‐purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) production systems (i.e., graze and grain) are prevalent in the U.S. Southern Great Plains region, though few of them are managed organically and organic research is very limited, particularly on forage and grazing aspects of the system. Therefore, the objective of this 3‐year systems study (2018–2021) conducted near Vernon, TX, was to compare forage production, forage nutritive value, and cattle gains in transitional organic and conventional dual‐purpose wheat systems. Forage data were collected each year during the early‐season dual‐purpose grazing period until maturity. Monthly standing crop biomass, rate of forage production, and forage nutritive value did not differ during the grazing period between systems in any year. Limited early‐season precipitation resulted in slow forage growth in all years and inadequate forage production to support grazing in 2 of 3 years. In the year when grazing occurred (2018–2019), cattle performance did not differ between systems. Following the dual‐purpose grazing period, the organic system trended toward lower forage production and crude protein concentration than the conventional system, suggesting that in a “graze‐out” scenario (i.e., season‐long grazing and no grain production), the organic system might not support as much cattle production. The late‐season divergence between systems could likely be minimized or eliminated by improving N availability in the organic system. Agronomic viability of the organic system, in terms of forage production, nutritive values, and cattle gains, was supported by its overall similarity to the conventional system.
Retinal detachment in Loeys–Dietz syndrome
Authors: Maghsoudi Daniel , Nixon Thomas R. W. , Snead Martin P.
Published: December 2022

Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal‐dominant connective‐tissue disorder with vascular and musculoskeletal abnormalities similar to Marfan syndrome. However, unlike Marfan, retinal detachment (RD) is rarely reported, and screening protocols do not currently feature ophthalmic assessment or RD counseling. We report a 5‐generation family affected by LDS, where RD occurred in six eyes of four individuals. The proband was an 84‐year‐old male recently diagnosed with type‐V LDS (TGFβ3 pathogenic variant c.899G>A, p.(Arg300Gln)). Further investigation was undertaken into the family's medical history. The proband experienced bilateral rhegmatogenous RD at age 60, requiring emergency surgical repair. Other notable ophthalmic features include unusual keratometry, abnormal biometry, and severe hayfever requiring long‐term sodium cromoglycate treatment. The proband's sister, father, and uncle had also experienced RDs, all prior to LDS diagnosis. This series demonstrates that RD risk may be significant in LDS, and on occasion the presenting clinical feature. We suggest ophthalmic examination should be added to the initial assessment LDS patients, and patients informed of the early warning symptoms of retinal detachment. As in Marfan syndrome, LDS patients may exhibit cornea plana and abnormal corneal topography, producing atypical biometry. They may also present with allergic conjunctivitis, and awareness of these signs might facilitate earlier diagnosis.
T2 olivary nuclei hyperintensities: A characteristic neuroimaging finding in FIG4‐related leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Sait Haseena , Shambhavi Arya , Pandey Manmohan , Ravichandran Deepak , Phadke Shubha R.
Published: December 2022

FIG4 related leukoencephalopathy has recently been considered as an expanded spectrum of FIG4 related disorders characterized by upper and lower motor neuron involvement, dystonia, intellectual disability, bulbar symptoms with cerebellar atrophy. We report a 7‐year‐old girl who presented with classic clinical features of FIG4 related leukoencephalopathy and neuroimaging showed characteristic T2 olivary nuclei hyperintensities in addition to bilateral parietal lobe and thalamic hyperintensities and mild cerebellar atrophy. Trio exome sequencing with Sanger confirmation revealed a novel variant c.504C>G in the FIG4 gene. Phase contrast microscopy of skin fibroblast cultures detect enlarged vacuoles in 50% of patient's fibroblasts as opposed to 18.6% vacuolation in cultured control fibroblasts (p < 0.00001), a feature characteristic of fibroblasts with deleterious variants of FIG4. In addition, we have reviewed and compared the phenotypic features of published cases of FIG4 related leukoencephalopathy from literature. This case adds to the delineation of FIG4 related leukoencephalopathy phenotype. The radiological finding of T2 inferior olivary nuclei hyperintensities appear to be characteristic for the phenotype or at least for the cases due to variants in and around the 168th codon and active effort should be made to detect the same as it can add to the genotype phenotype spectrum.
Integrating genealogy and dental variation: contributions to biological anthropology
Authors: Paul Kathleen S. , Feezell Randall , Hughes Toby , Brook Alan H.
Published: December 2022

Genealogical samples that couple dental data and documented relatedness information provide unique opportunities to examine the biological foundations of tooth variation. Over the past century, these resources have been critical for examining the various factors that influence dental phenotypes—the same traits that anthropologists regularly apply to reconstructions of past phenomena. Genealogical samples are uniquely suited to test long‐standing assumptions underlying bioanthropological practice, for example, biodistance and phylogenetic analysis, which commonly reference aspects of tooth size and form as proxies for latent genetic information. This article provides an overview of published genealogical research, with a focus on the practical implications of quantitative genetic and environmental studies of (non)human primate dentitions. To highlight the utility of genealogical samples for understanding the influence of specific non‐genetic factors on dental characters, we also present novel data on gestational hormone effects in opposite‐sex dizygotic twin pairs as a test of the twin testosterone transfer (TTT) hypothesis. This article discusses fruitful next steps in genealogical dental research, as well as important ethical considerations surrounding the use of associated datasets, which are sensitive in nature. As we forge ahead in an age of phenomics, genealogical samples are likely to play a key role in generating comprehensive genotype–phenotype maps of the dentition and in refining bioanthropological methods.
Rare Genetic Variation and Outcome of Surgery for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Perucca Piero , Stanley Kate , Harris Natasha , McIntosh Anne M. , Asadi‐Pooya Ali A. , Mikati Mohamad A. , Andrade Danielle M. , Dugan Patricia , Depondt Chantal , Choi Hyunmi , Heinzen Erin L. , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , Buono Russell J. , Devinsky Orrin , Sperling Michael R. , Berkovic Samuel F. , Delanty Norman , Goldstein David B. , O'Brien Terence J. ,   the EPIGEN Consortium
Published: December 2022

Objective

Genetic factors have long been debated as a cause of failure of surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). We investigated whether rare genetic variation influences seizure outcomes of MTLE surgery.

Methods

We performed an international, multicenter, whole exome sequencing study of patients who underwent surgery for drug‐resistant, unilateral MTLE with normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or MRI evidence of hippocampal sclerosis and ≥2‐year postsurgical follow‐up. Patients with either sustained seizure freedom (favorable outcome) or ongoing uncontrolled seizures since surgery (unfavorable outcome) were included. Exomes of controls without epilepsy were also included. Gene set burden analyses were carried out to identify genes with significant enrichment of rare deleterious variants in patients compared to controls.

Results

Nine centers from 3 continents contributed 206 patients operated for drug‐resistant unilateral MTLE, of whom 196 (149 with favorable outcome and 47 with unfavorable outcome) were included after stringent quality control. Compared to 8,718 controls, MTLE cases carried a higher burden of ultrarare missense variants in constrained genes that are intolerant to loss‐of‐function (LoF) variants (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9–3.5, p = 1.3E‐09) and in genes encoding voltage‐gated cation channels (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.4–3.8, p = 2.7E‐04). Proportions of subjects with such variants were comparable between patients with favorable outcome and those with unfavorable outcome, with no significant between‐group differences.

Interpretation

Rare variation contributes to the genetic architecture of MTLE, but does not appear to have a major role in failure of MTLE surgery. These findings can be incorporated into presurgical decision‐making and counseling. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:752–761
Non‐Kinetic Effects Convolute Activity and Tafel Analysis for the Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction on NiFeOOH Electrocatalysts
Authors: van der Heijden Onno , Park Sunghak , Eggebeen Jordy J. J. , Koper Marc T. M.
Published: December 2022

A large variety of nickel‐based catalysts has been investigated for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. However, their reported activity, as well as Tafel slope values, vary greatly. To understand this variation, we studied electrodeposited Ni80Fe20OOH catalysts with different loadings at varying rotation rates, hydroxide concentrations, with or without sonication. We show that, at low current density (<5 mA cm−2), the Tafel slope value is ≈30 mV dec−1 for Ni80Fe20OOH. At higher polarization, the Tafel slope continuously increases and is dependent on rotation rate, loading, hydroxide concentration and sonication. These Tafel slope values are convoluted by non‐kinetic effects, such as bubbles, potential‐dependent changes in ohmic resistance and (internal) OH− gradients. As best practise, we suggest that Tafel slopes should be plotted vs. current or potential. In such a plot, it can be appreciated if there is a kinetic Tafel slope or if the observed Tafel slope is influenced by non‐kinetic effects.
Non‐Kinetic Effects Convolute Activity and Tafel Analysis for the Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction on NiFeOOH Electrocatalysts
Authors: van der Heijden Onno , Park Sunghak , Eggebeen Jordy J. J. , Koper Marc T. M.
Published: December 2022

A large variety of nickel‐based catalysts has been investigated for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. However, their reported activity, as well as Tafel slope values, vary greatly. To understand this variation, we studied electrodeposited Ni80Fe20OOH catalysts with different loadings at varying rotation rates, hydroxide concentrations, with or without sonication. We show that, at low current density (<5 mA cm−2), the Tafel slope value is ≈30 mV dec−1for Ni80Fe20OOH. At higher polarization, the Tafel slope continuously increases and is dependent on rotation rate, loading, hydroxide concentration and sonication. These Tafel slope values are convoluted by non‐kinetic effects, such as bubbles, potential‐dependent changes in ohmic resistance and (internal) OH−gradients. As best practise, we suggest that Tafel slopes should be plotted vs. current or potential. In such a plot, it can be appreciated if there is a kinetic Tafel slope or if the observed Tafel slope is influenced by non‐kinetic effects.
A review on additive manufacturing of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers: Current methods, materials, mechanical properties, applications and challenges
Authors: Adil Samia , Lazoglu Ismail
Published: December 2022

Additive manufacturing has new revolutionary potential for carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers (CFRPs). Additive manufacturing of CFRPs combines the advantages of additive manufacturing such as customization, minimal wastage, low cost, fast prototyping and rapid manufacturing with high specific strength of carbon fiber. This article delivers a comprehensive review of additive manufacturing of short and continuous CFRPs. The article presents insight into different additive manufacturing techniques with an overview of commercially available methods for manufacturing short and continuous CFRPs. This review also includes mechanical characterization and analytical techniques discussed in the literature for CFRPs. The robust applications of short and continuous CFRPs in biomedical, electronics, and aerospace would highlight the importance of research and development in this field. In the end, drawbacks, recent innovations, and the future research directions underline the gap between research and commercialization of additive manufacturing of short and continuous CFRPs.
Reactive carbamate surfactants: Synthesis, characterization, and improved rheological properties of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide containing surfactant structures
Authors: Liu Guiru , Lai Xiaojuan , Cheng Xu , Lei Yutian , Wang Lei , Wen Xin , Fan Meiling , Gao Jinhao , Liu Yong , Ma Qinqin
Published: December 2022

In this study, stearyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) and 2‐isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM) are used to synthesize reactive carbamate surfactants (IEM‐nAEO), which are characterized through Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additionally, the influence of the AEO‐chain content on surface activity is analyzed, and the emulsifying ability of the surfactants is investigated. The surfactants exhibit high surface activities, and their emulsifying abilities enhance upon increasing the AEO‐chain content. Additionally, a novel hydrophobically associative polymer is synthesized by copolymerizing IEM‐10AEO, acrylamide, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid, and acrylic acid; the rheological properties of its aqueous solution is analyzed. The modified and unmodified polyacrylamide solutions exhibit viscosity retentions of 97.73% and 87.07%, respectively, at 120°C at a shear rate of 170 s−1. Thus, IEM‐10AEO polymerization improves the heat and shear resistance and storage and loss moduli of the polyacrylamide, indicating structural‐stability enhancement upon polymerization. Therefore, the modified polyacrylamide can be used to improve the heat and shear resistance of fracturing fluids and enhance oil recovery.
Promotion of Knee Cartilage Degradation by IκB Kinase ε in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis in Human and Murine Models
Authors: Uchida Taisuke , Akasaki Yukio , Sueishi Takuya , Kurakazu Ichiro , Toya Masakazu , Kuwahara Masanari , Hirose Ryota , Hyodo Yuki , Tsushima Hidetoshi , Lotz Martin K. , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: December 2022

Objective

NF‐κB signaling is an important modulator in osteoarthritis (OA), and IκB kinase ε (IKKε) regulates the NF‐κB pathway. This study was undertaken to identify the functional involvement of IKKε in the pathogenesis of OA and the effectiveness of IKKε inhibition as a modulatory treatment.

Methods

IKKε expression in normal and OA human knee joints was analyzed immunohistochemically. Gain‐ or loss‐of‐function experiments were performed using human chondrocytes. Furthermore, OA was surgically induced in mice, followed by intraarticular injection of BAY‐985, an IKKε/TANK‐binding kinase 1 inhibitor, into the left knee joint every 5 days for 8 weeks. Mice were subsequently examined for histologic features of cartilage damage and inflammation.

Results

IKKε protein expression was increased in human OA cartilage. In vitro, expression levels of OA‐related factors were down‐regulated following knockdown of IKKε with the use of small interfering RNA in human OA chondrocytes or following treatment with BAY‐985. Conversely, IKKε overexpression significantly increased the expression of OA‐related catabolic mediators. In Western blot analysis of human chondrocytes, IKKε overexpression increased the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. In vivo, intraarticular injection of BAY‐985 into the knee joints of mice attenuated OA‐related cartilage degradation and hyperalgesia via NF‐κB signaling.

Conclusion

These results suggest that IKKε regulates cartilage degradation through a catabolic response mediated by NF‐κB signaling, and this could represent a potential target for OA treatment. Furthermore, BAY‐985 may serve as a major disease‐modifying compound among the drugs developed for OA.

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Evaluating Trans‐Benzocyclobutene‐Fused Cyclooctene as a Monomer for Chemically Recyclable Polymer
Authors: Su Hsin‐Wei , Zhou Junfeng , Yoon Seiyoung , Wang Junpeng
Published: December 2022

Chemically recyclable polymers offer a promising solution to address the issues associated with the unsustainable use of plastics by converting the traditional linear plastic economy into a circular one. Central to developing chemically recyclable polymers is to identify the appropriate monomers that enable practical conditions for polymerization and depolymerization and ensure useful stability and material properties. Our group has recently demonstrated that trans‐cyclobutane‐fused cyclooctene (tCBCO) meets the abovementioned requirements and is a promising candidate for developing chemically recyclable polymers. Herein, encouraged by the success with tCBCO, we investigate the thermodynamics of polymerization of a relevant system, trans‐benzocyclobutene‐fused‐cyclooctene, which can be viewed as tCBCO with an additional benzene ring. The study shows that introducing an additional benzene ring favors polymerization and disfavors depolymerization, and the effect is predominantly entropic. The benzo‐effect can be leveraged to fine‐tune the thermodynamics of polymerization and depolymerization to facilitate the chemical recycling of polymers.
Perylene Diimide‐based Non‐fullerene Acceptors With A‐D‐A′‐D‐A Architecture For Organic Solar Cells
Authors: You Xiaoxiao , Shen Hao , Wu Qiang , Li Yu , Wu Di , Xia Jianlong
Published: December 2022

The vinylene‐bridged helical PDI dimer (PDI2) has been an alternative PDI building block for non‐fullerene acceptor (NFAs). However, the development of PDI2 derivatives still lag behind, and most of PDI2 derivatives based organic solar cells (OSCs) only achieved a moderate power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of less than 8%. In this contribution, an acceptor‐donor‐acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A‐D‐A’‐D‐A) architecture was introduced to facilitate the improvement of photovoltaic properties. Two acceptors named diIDTIC‐PDI2 and diFIDTIC‐PDI2 were designed and synthesized, in which a PDI2 moiety flanked with two indacenodithiophene (IDT) units was employed as the D‐A’‐D core and 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (IC) or fluorinated IC (IC2F) acted as terminal groups, respectively. The photovoltaic performances of these two acceptors were explored using PM1 as the electron donor. Compared to diIDTIC‐PDI2, the fluorinated diFIDTIC‐PDI2 based OSCs obtained enhanced photovoltaic performance with the best PCE of 9.77%, a VOC of 0.957 V, JSC of 13.58 mA cm−2 and FF of 75.1%. These results illustrate that engineering terminal groups is a robust strategy of enhancing the efficiency of PDI based acceptors with A‐D‐A’‐D‐A architecture.
Leader–follower mean field LQ games: A direct method
Authors: Wang Bing‐Chang
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates a linear quadratic mean field game with a leader and a large number of followers. The leader first gives its strategy, and then each follower optimizes its own cost. We first solve a mean field game problem, which gives the best response of followers to the leader's strategy. After applying the followers' strategies, the leader is faced to an optimal control problem driven by a high‐dimensional forward‐backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs). By decoupling the high‐dimensional Hamiltonian system with mean field approximations, we construct a set of decentralized strategies for all the players, which are further shown to be an
‐Stackelberg equilibrium.
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Knockout of tanc2 causes autism‐like behavior and sleep disturbance in zebrafish
Authors: Long Fei , Zheng Jing , Zhou Jiayi , Hu Ping , Xiong Bo
Published: December 2022

Tanc2 is a large multi‐domain postsynaptic scaffold protein mainly expressed in the brain. In humans, tanc2 mutations have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other related neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the role of tanc2 in neurodevelopment and in controlling behaviors are not fully understood. Here, we generated and characterized a tanc2 knockout allele in zebrafish. Loss of tanc2 increases the larval brain size and body length by promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. We observed that the glutamatergic neuron population is significantly increased in tanc2 mutants while the GABAergic and the glycinergic neurons are not affected, suggesting that an excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance. Indeed, the tanc2 knockout larvae exhibited increase sleep. In adult zebrafish, the mutants display anxiolytic‐behavior, reduced aggression, and impaired social preference. The alterations in these behaviors are phenotypically similar to the ASD patients carrying tanc2 mutations. Therefore, the tanc2 knockout allele could serve as a valuable model to further study the role of tanc2 in the nervous system.