bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dolphin social phenotypes vary in response to food availability but not the North Atlantic Oscillation index
Authors: Fisher David N. , Cheney Barbara J.
Published: October 2023

Social behaviours can allow individuals to flexibly respond to environmental change, potentially buffering adverse effects. However, individuals may respond differently to the same environmental stimulus, complicating predictions for population-level response to environmental change. Here, we show that bottlenose dolphins (
Tursiops truncatus
) alter their social behaviour at yearly and monthly scales in response to a proxy for food availability (salmon abundance) but do not respond to variation in a proxy for climate (the North Atlantic Oscillation index). There was also individual variation in plasticity for gregariousness and connectedness to distant parts of the social network, although these traits showed limited repeatability. By contrast, individuals showed consistent differences in clustering with their immediate social environment at the yearly scale but no individual variation in plasticity for this trait at either timescale. These results indicate that social behaviour in free-ranging cetaceans can be highly resource dependent with individuals increasing their connectedness over short timescales but possibly reducing their wider range of connection at longer timescales. Some social traits showed more individual variation in plasticity or mean behaviour than others, highlighting how predictions for the responses of populations to environmental variation must consider the type of individual variation present in the population.
Land-use-associated stressors interact to reduce bumblebee health at the individual and colony level
Authors: Straub Florian , Birkenbach Markus , Leonhardt Sara D. , Ruedenauer Fabian A. , Kuppler Jonas , Wilfert Lena , Ayasse Manfred
Published: October 2023

In agricultural landscapes, bees face a variety of stressors, including insecticides and poor-quality food. Although both stressors individually have been shown to affect bumblebee health negatively, few studies have focused on stressor interactions, a scenario expected in intensively used agricultural landscapes. Using the bumblebee
Bombus terrestris
, a key pollinator in agricultural landscapes, we conducted a fully factorial laboratory experiment starting at nest initiation. We assessed the effects of food quality and insecticides, alone and in interaction, on health traits at various levels, some of which have been rarely studied. Pollen with a diluted nutrient content (low quality) reduced ovary size and delayed colony development. Wing asymmetry, indicating developmental stress, was increased during insecticide exposure and interactions with poor food, whereas both stressors reduced body size. Both stressors and their interaction changed the workers’ chemical profile and reduced worker interactions and the immune response. Our findings suggest that insecticides combined with nutritional stress reduce bumblebee health at the individual and colony levels, thus possibly affecting colony performance, such as development and reproduction, and the stability of plant–pollinator networks. The synergistic effects highlight the need of combining stressors in risk assessments and when studying the complex effects of anthropogenic stressors on health outcomes.
No link between handedness and spatial navigation: evidence from over 400 000 participants in 41 countries
Authors: Fernandez-Velasco P. , Coutrot A. , Oloye H. , Wiener J. M. , Dalton R. C. , Holscher C. , Manley E. , Hornberger M. , Spiers H. J.
Published: October 2023

There is an active debate concerning the association of handedness and spatial ability. Past studies used small sample sizes. Determining the effect of handedness on spatial ability requires a large, cross-cultural sample of participants and a navigation task with real-world validity. Here, we overcome these challenges via the mobile app Sea Hero Quest. We analysed the navigation performance from 422 772 participants from 41 countries and found no reliable evidence for any difference in spatial ability between left- and right-handers across all countries. A small but growing gap in performance appears for participants over 64 years old, with left-handers outperforming right-handers. Further analysis, however, suggests that this gap is most likely due to selection bias. Overall, our study clarifies the factors associated with spatial ability and shows that left-handedness is not associated with either a benefit or a deficit in spatial ability.
Hibernation telomere dynamics in a shifting climate: insights from wild greater horseshoe bats
Authors: Power Megan L. , Ransome Roger D. , Riquier Sébastien , Romaine Luke , Jones Gareth , Teeling Emma C.
Published: October 2023

Hibernation is linked with various hypotheses to explain the extended lifespan of hibernating mammals compared with their non-hibernating counterparts. Studies on telomeres, markers of ageing and somatic maintenance, suggest telomere shortening slows during hibernation, and lengthening may reflect self-maintenance with favourable conditions. Bats in temperate zones adjust body temperatures during winter torpor to conserve energy and exploit mild conditions for foraging. Climate change may impact the hibernation cycle of bats, but more research is needed regarding the role of telomeres in understanding their response to a changing climate. Here, relative telomere length (rTL) was measured in the long-lived greater horseshoe batRhinolophus ferrumequinum(n= 223 individuals) over three winters, considering climatic conditions. Cross-sectional analyses revealed between-individual variation in rTL with a strong year effect, likely linked to varying weather conditions and foraging success. Additionally, within-individual increases of rTL occurred in 51% of consecutive measurements, with evidence of increasing telomerase expression during hibernation in this species. These findings highlight the beneficial effects of hibernation on telomeres and potential consequences of changing climatic conditions for long-lived temperate bats. Understanding the interplay between hibernation, telomeres, and climate can provide insights into the adaptive capacity and survival of bat populations facing environmental challenges.
Relating mineral–organic matter stabilization mechanisms to carbon quality and age distributions using ramped thermal analysis
Authors: Stoner Shane , Trumbore Susan E. , González-Pérez José A. , Schrumpf Marion , Sierra Carlos A. , Hoyt Alison M. , Chadwick Oliver , Doetterl Sebastian
Published: October 2023

Organic carbon (OC) association with soil minerals stabilizes OC on timescales reflecting the strength of mineral–C interactions. We applied ramped thermal oxidation to subsoil B horizons with different mineral–C associations to separate OC according to increasing temperature of oxidation, i.e. thermal activation energy. Generally, OC released at lower temperatures was richer in bioavailable forms like polysaccharides, while OC released at higher temperatures was more aromatic. Organic carbon associated with pedogenic oxides was released at lower temperatures and had a narrow range of
14
C content. By contrast, N-rich compounds were released at higher temperatures from samples with 2 : 1 clays and short-range ordered (SRO) amorphous minerals. Temperatures of release overlapped for SRO minerals and crystalline oxides, although the mean age of OC released was older for the SRO. In soils with more mixed mineralogy, the added presence of older OC released at temperatures greater than 450°C from clays resulted in a broader distribution of OC ages within the sample, especially for soils rich in 2 : 1 layer expandable clays such as smectite. While pedogenic setting affects mineral stability and absolute OC age, mineralogy controls the structure of OC age distribution within a sample, which may provide insight into model structures and OC dynamics under changing conditions.

This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Radiocarbon in the Anthropocene’.
Factors that influenced the course of the mpox outbreak in the Netherlands, 2022-2023
Authors: Haverkate Manon R. , Willemstein Inge J.M. , van Ewijk Catharina E. , Adam Philippe C.G. , Lanooij Susan J. , Jonker-Jorna Petra , van Bokhoven Colette , van Rijckevorsel Gini G.C. , Hoornenborg Elske , David Silke , Mollema Liesbeth , Wierik Margreet J. te , Lange Jente , Franz Eelco , de Melker Hester E. , de Coul Eline L.M. Op , Hahné Susan J.M.
Published: October 2023

Background

In 2022-2023 a global outbreak of mpox affected mostly gay, bisexual and other men having sex with men (GBMSM). Outbreak control in the Netherlands included isolation, quarantine, post-exposure prophylaxis vaccination, and primary preventive vaccination (PPV). We describe the course of the outbreak, the vaccination programme, vaccine effectiveness (VE) of full vaccination against symptomatic disease, and trends in behaviour to generate hypotheses about factors that influenced the outbreak’s decline.

Methods

Observational study. Data on notified cases, number of PPV invitations, and PPV doses administered were collected from public health services. PPV uptake and coverage were calculated. Monthly trends in behavioural data of GBMSM visiting Sexual Health Centres (SHC) were analysed for all consultations in 2022. VE was estimated using the screening method.

Findings

A total of 1,266 mpox cases were reported until August 1, 2023. The outbreak peaked early July 2022 and sharply declined afterwards. PPV started July 25, 2023; in total 29,851 doses were administered. 45.8% received at least one dose, 35.4% was fully vaccinated. Estimated VE was 68.2% (95% CI 4.3%-89.5%). In our analyses of behavioural data, we did not observe an evident decrease in high-risk behaviour.

Interpretation

It is unlikely that PPV was a driver of the outbreak’s decline, as incidence started to decline well before the start of the PPV programme. The possible impact of behavioural change could not be demonstrated with the available indicators. We hypothesise that infection-induced immunity in high-risk groups contributed most to the decline.

Funding

Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport.
Predictors of low birth weight in pregnant women with malaria: a prospective cohort facility-based study in Webuye-Kenya
Authors: Mukala Joseph , Mogere Dominic , Kirira Peter , Kanoi Bernard , Akinyi Violet , Kobia Francis , Waweru Harrison , Gitaka Jesse
Published: October 2023

Malaria is caused by protozoa of the genusPlasmodiumand remains a major public health burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. Its prevalence varies between 9 to 18% with harmful consequences to both the mother and her baby, including adverse pregnancy outcomes such low birth weight, high morbidity, and mortality. However, effective antenatal strategies for improving maternal and child health outcomes through the prevention, early detection, and treatment of malaria in pregnancy, are still lacking in resource-constrained settings. Here, we sought to determine the predictors of low birth weight in pregnant women with malaria in a cohort study in Webuye hospital. Prior to the enrollment of 140 participants, permission was sought from relevant institutions and consent from the participants. Malaria test was conducted either with microscopy or rapid test, and then the cohort splits into malaria positive and negative followed up from the first antenatal visit (March 2022) and delivery (December 2022). Before data collection, training, pre-testing and quality control were duly observed. Data were fed into SPSS 27 version, Chi-square and Fischer’s Exact were used for bi-variate analysis at a p-value less or equal 0.05 (95%). Our results revealed that birth cohort with malaria did not result in significant low birth weight with a relative risk of 0.999, confidence level of 0.926-1.077. The prevalence of low birth weight was 4.6% with 6 cases of which 3 (4.5%) in the negative cohort and 3 (4.7%) in the positive cohort. Anemic pregnant women were 41 (31.5%), HIV were 5 (3,8%), pre-eclampsia was 5 (3.8%), gestational diabetes was 2 (1.5%). Confounding factors, such as anemia, HIV, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes did not influence low birthweight (p-value >0.923). Otherwise, most of the participants were aged 18–25 years, were primigravida, were married, had secondary school level education, earned between 20-30 thousand shillings, were resident in rural areas, and were in their second trimester. Marital status, gestational age and area of residence were associated with malaria with a p-value less than 0.001 and 0.028 respectively.
Molecular evidence that barnacle attachment may be highly associated with a few eukaryotes in the marine biofilm
Authors: Zhang Zhizhou
Published: October 2023

A preliminary study on the effects of different antifouling coatings on the colonization of barnacles by investigating the diversity parameters of microflora in the coatings has been conducted. In this study, twenty-five different carbon nanotube materials were used to prepare nanocoating paints with a concentration of 0.2% w/v in iron red matrix and immersed in the sea fields for about two weeks. The number of colonized barnacles on each coating film was counted, and high-throughput sequencing analysis of their corresponding biofilm samples was performed to investigate the composition of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It was discovered that there is no significant difference in the composition of prokaryotes in biofilms on coatings with distinct colonization levels of barnacles, but there is a significant difference in the composition of some eukaryotes such as Choreotrichia and Cryptomonadales.
Interplay of RAP2 GTPase and the cytoskeleton in Hippo pathway regulation
Authors: Wu Chenzhou , Cai Xiaomin , Wang Ying , Rodriguez Carlos D. , Herrmann Lydia , Zoaldi Giorgia , Huang Chun-Yuh , Wang Xiaoqiong , Sanghvi Viraj R. , Lu Rongze O. , Meng Zhipeng
Published: October 2023

The Hippo signaling is instrumental in regulating organ size, regeneration, and carcinogenesis. The cytoskeleton emerges as a primary Hippo signaling modulator. Its structural alterations in response to environmental and intrinsic stimuli control Hippo kinase cascade activity. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the cytoskeleton regulation of Hippo signaling are not fully understood. RAP2 GTPase is known to mediate the mechanoresponses of Hippo signalingviaactivating the core Hippo kinases LATS1/2 through MAP4Ks and MST1/2. Here we show the pivotal role of the reciprocal regulation between RAP2 GTPase and the cytoskeleton in Hippo signaling. RAP2 deletion undermines the responses of the Hippo pathway to external cues tied to RhoA GTPase inhibition and actin cytoskeleton remodeling, such as energy stress and serum deprivtion. Notably, RhoA inhibitors and actin disruptors fail to activate LATS1/2 effectively in RAP2-deficient cells. RNA sequencing highlighted differential regulation of both actin and microtubule networks by RAP2 gene deletion. Consistently, Taxol, a microtubule-stabilizing agent, was less effective in activating LATS1/2 and inhibiting cell growth in RAP2 and MAP4K4/6/7 knockout cells. In summary, our findings position RAP2 as a central integrator of cytoskeletal signals for Hippo signaling, which offers new avenues for understanding Hippo regulation and therapeutic interventions in Hippo-impaired cancers.
ITPR1-associated spinocerebellar ataxia with craniofacial features—additional evidence for germline mosaicism
Authors: Kleyner Robert , Ung Nathaniel , Arif Mohammad , Marchi Elaine , Amble Karen , Gavin Maureen , Madrid Ricardo , Lyon Gholson
Published: October 2023

Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) is an endoplasmic reticulum–bound intracellular inositol triphosphate receptor involved in the regulation of intracellular calcium. Pathogenic variants inITPR1are associated with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 15/16 and 29 and have recently been implicated in a facial microsomia syndrome. In this report, we present a family with three affected individuals found to have a heterozygous missense c.800C > T (predicted p.Thr267Met) who present clinically with a SCA29-like syndrome. All three individuals presented with varying degrees of ataxia, developmental delay, and apparent intellectual disability, as well as craniofacial involvement—an uncommon finding in patients with SCA29. The variant was identified using clinical exome sequencing and validated with Sanger sequencing. It is presumed to be inherited via parental germline mosaicism. We present our findings to provide additional evidence for germline mosaic inheritance of SCA29, as well as to expand the clinical phenotype of the syndrome.
Neons Fashion LLP (B): The Setbacks
Authors: Mukherjee Saral , Abhishek  , Balasubramani Soundarya
Published: October 2023

Neons Fashion LLP was an entrepreneurial venture of Arthi Ramalingam after completion of her MBA. Arthi had an interest in jewellery since childhood and she decided to focus on design, manufacturing and retailing of fashion and costume jewellery items under the brand name of Eternz through different sales channels like exhibitions, retail stores, own website and as an independent seller on e-commerce marketplaces. She initially started selling on Amazon marketplace through a third party, Cloudtail India Pvt. Ltd., and later sold through other e-commerce marketplace operators like Flipkart, Jabong and FirstCry. As her business grew, Arthi planned to add the kids' shoes category and also decided to participate in Bangalore Fashion Week to build the Eternz brand. However, in November 2016, Cloudtail terminated her contract which played havoc with the sales and profitability of her start-up. Neons Fashion LLP (A) provides details of how independent sellers are at the mercy of marketplace operators and ends with the need to review the choices of sales channels for different categories like fashion garments and fashion accessories, and for the upcoming launch of kids' shoes. Neons Fashion LLP (B) describes the events after the Bangalore Fashion Week that ultimately led to closure of business.
Forecasting Chinese carbon emission intensity based on the interactive effect GM(1,N) power model
Authors: Wang Yuhong , Si Qi
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to predict China's carbon emission intensity and put forward a set of policy recommendations for further development of a low-carbon economy in China.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the Interaction Effect Grey Power Model of N Variables (IEGPM(1,N)) is developed, and the Dragonfly algorithm (DA) is used to select the best power index for the model. Specific model construction methods and rigorous mathematical proofs are given. In order to verify the applicability and validity, this paper compares the model with the traditional grey model and simulates the carbon emission intensity of China from 2014 to 2021. In addition, the new model is used to predict the carbon emission intensity of China from 2022 to 2025, which can provide a reference for the 14th Five-Year Plan to develop a scientific emission reduction path.

Findings

The results show that if the Chinese government does not take effective policy measures in the future, carbon emission intensity will not achieve the set goals. The IEGPM(1,N) model also provides reliable results and works well in simulation and prediction.

Originality/value

The paper considers the nonlinear and interactive effect of input variables in the system's behavior and proposes an improved grey multivariable model, which fills the gap in previous studies.
Weaving together social capital to empower women artisan entrepreneurs
Authors: Brogan Garrett S. , Dooley Kim E.
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This research paper aims to explore the impact artisan cooperatives have upon women employed in Sub-Saharan Africa. Impacts were detailed using the theoretical framework of social capital theory to demonstrate the networks within artisan cooperatives that connect to greater opportunities for social and economic benefits.

Design/methodology/approach

A phenomenological approach was used for this study based upon the shared experiences of women who were leading artisan cooperatives in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study included semi-structured interviews over Zoom with Chief Entrepreneur Founders of artisan cooperatives located in Sub-Saharan Africa. Documents from the cooperatives were analyzed to triangulate the cooperatives’ current projects and efforts.

Findings

Three prevalent themes emerged: (1) key partnerships, (2) benefits of the cooperative and (3) change and growth among the women and communities. Empowerment was felt through both economic and social impacts upon the women.

Research limitations/implications

This article captures the perspective of the Chief Entrepreneur Founders and their observations and experiences the women shared with them. Emic perspectives from the women who participate in the artisan cooperatives is the focus of future research.

Practical implications

These social enterprises serve as exemplary models for other cooperatives to provide dignified and sustainable work to impact the lives of women serving in these communities.

Originality/value

This study contributes research on social entrepreneurship within artisan cooperatives. It provides a baseline for further research on the artisan sector specifically for the sustainable development goals of gender equality, decent work and economic growth.
Improvement of tensile strength of fused deposition modelling (FDM) part using artificial neural network and genetic algorithm techniques
Authors: Boppana V. Chowdary , Ali Fahraz
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This paper presents an experimental investigation in establishing the relationship between FDM process parameters and tensile strength of polycarbonate (PC) samples using the I-Optimal design.

Design/methodology/approach

I-optimal design methodology is used to plan the experiments by means of Minitab-17.1 software. Samples are manufactured using Stratsys FDM 400mc and tested as per ISO standards. Additionally, an artificial neural network model was developed and compared to the regression model in order to select an appropriate model for optimisation. Finally, the genetic algorithm (GA) solver is executed for improvement of tensile strength of FDM built PC components.

Findings

This study demonstrates that the selected process parameters (raster angle, raster to raster air gap, build orientation about Y axis and the number of contours) had significant effect on tensile strength with raster angle being the most influential factor. Increasing the build orientation about Y axis produced specimens with compact structures that resulted in improved fracture resistance.

Research limitations/implications

The fitted regression model has a p-value less than 0.05 which suggests that the model terms significantly represent the tensile strength of PC samples. Further, from the normal probability plot it was found that the residuals follow a straight line, thus the developed model provides adequate predictions. Furthermore, from the validation runs, a close agreement between the predicted and actual values was seen along the reference line which further supports satisfactory model predictions.

Practical implications

This study successfully investigated the effects of the selected process parameters - raster angle, raster to raster air gap, build orientation about Y axis and the number of contours - on tensile strength of PC samples utilising the I-optimal design and ANOVA. In addition, for prediction of the part strength, regression and ANN models were developed. The selected ANN model was optimised using the GA-solver for determination of optimal parameter settings.

Originality/value

The proposed ANN-GA approach is more appropriate to establish the non-linear relationship between the selected process parameters and tensile strength. Further, the proposed ANN-GA methodology can assist in manufacture of various industrial products with Nylon, polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) and PET as new 3DP materials.
Implementing pluralistic models of scholarly impact in business schools with performance management principles to meet stakeholder expectations
Authors: Somers Mark
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to develop a framework for applying performance management principles to implementing a pluralistic model of scholarly impact in business schools to increase the value and relevance scholarly research to multiple stakeholder groups.

Design/methodology/approach

Performance management principles were studied with case study data of scholarly impact that included bibliographic measures and altmetrics. An analytical model was built for a focal business school that provided benchmarks for managing scholarly impact by using data from three peer schools.

Findings

Bibliographic, scholarly output measures and altmetrics were consistent across the focal school and peer schools, thereby providing a solid foundation for establishing performance benchmarks for annual performance reviews, promotion and tenure decisions and organizational impact goals.

Practical implications

This paper provides guidance for designing, building and implementing performance management systems to foster scholarly impact.

Originality/value

This paper integrates pluralistic impact models and performance management systems to build faculty expertise and align it with multiple impact domains.
Do CSR performance and reporting facilitate access to debt financing in emerging markets? The role of asset structure and firm performance
Authors: Uyar Ali , Gerged Ali Meftah , Kuzey Cemil , Karaman Abdullah S.
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to guide firms in emerging markets on whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement facilitates their access to debt with the moderation of asset structure and firm performance. Considering the moderating effect analysis, this study explores the substitutive or complementary effect of these two contingencies on CSR-oriented firms in accessing debt financing.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on data collected for 16 emerging markets between 2008 and 2019, this study runs country–industry–year fixed-effects regression.

Findings

This study finds that CSR performance and reporting facilitate access to debt in emerging markets. However, CSR performance does not have an inverted U-shaped influence on firms’ access to debt financing. The moderation analysis of this study shows that asset tangibility has a negative moderating effect on the link between CSR engagements (i.e. both CSR performance and reporting) and access to debt, confirming a substitutive relationship between asset tangibility and CSR engagements in accessing debt. In contrast, firm performance is positively moderating the nexus between CSR engagement proxies and access to debt, which confirms a complementary type of relationship between firm performance and CSR engagements in accessing debt.

Practical implications

The empirical evidence of this study implies that creditors critically consider CSR engagements of firms in the loan-granting decision process. Similarly, the inverted U-shaped relationship between CSR and access to debt implies that there is an optimal level of CSR engagement creditors might consider in their decision. Likewise, the moderating effects analysis highlights that asset tangibility and firm performance are two conditions under which CSR performance and reporting are linked to access to debt.

Originality/value

Emerging countries are a different set of countries than developed ones; they have high growth rates and hence need financing, have a weaker institutional environment and have weaker stakeholder power. These particularities motivated the authors to conduct a separate study focusing on CSR and debt financing links drawing on a wide range of emerging countries. Thus, this study adds to the ongoing debate by examining the conditions under which CSR-oriented firms can access debt financing in emerging economies.
The impact of investor protection on stock market volatility
Authors: Silva João , Febra Lígia , Costa Magali
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to advance knowledge on the direct impact of the investor’s protection level on the stock market volatility, that is, whether investor’s protection is an important stock market volatility determinant.

Design/methodology/approach

A panel data was estimated using a sample of 48 countries, from 2006 to 2018, totalizing 31,808 observations. To measure stock market volatility and the investor protection level, a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model and the World Bank Doing Business investor protection index were used, respectively.

Findings

The results evidence that the protection of investors’ rights reduces the stock market volatility. This result indicates that a high level of investor protection, which is the result of a better quality of laws and policies in place that protect investor’s rights, promotes the country as a “safe haven.”

Practical implications

The relationship that the authors intend to analyze becomes important, given that investor protection will give outsiders guarantees on the materialization of their investments. This study contributes important knowledge for investors and for the establishment of government policies as a way of attracting investment.

Originality/value

Although there have been a few studies addressing this relationship, to the knowledge, none of them directly analyses the influence of investor protection on the stock market volatility.
A scoping review of the dietary information needs of people with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Miglioretto Chiara , Beck Eleanor , Lambert Kelly
Published: October 2023

Aims

This review aimed to explore and describe the dietary information needs of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease and sources of information.

Methods

A scoping review of English language articles and grey literature, using electronic databases with a predefined search strategy was undertaken. Data were synthesised based on the identified variables (e.g. dietary information needs and sources of dietary information) corresponding to the aims of this review.

Results

Forty‐six studies were included, reporting data from 7557 people with inflammatory bowel disease, of which 58.6% had Crohn's disease and 60.1% were males. Dietary information was rated very important and appeared to be influenced by the disease course. The need to discuss it is heightened at important stages, namely diagnosis and relapse. Dietary information was described broadly and included advice about foods to avoid and dietary advice for symptoms management. No major differences were noted in the dietary information needs of people with Crohn's disease compared to ulcerative colitis. The main sources of dietary information were the gastroenterologist (36%–98%), the internet (9%–60%) and non‐dietetic professionals (84.7%).

Conclusion

This review highlights limited literature describing the dietary information needs of people with inflammatory bowel disease. Importantly, the limited access to specialised dietary advice for this cohort is concerning. Future studies are required to explore not only the nuances in the needs of those with active disease and in remission, but to further understand issues of access to specialised dietary advice to provide holistic person‐centred care desired by this cohort.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of osimertinib in non‐small cell lung cancer and short bowel syndrome: A case report
Authors: Longuespée Rémi , Kunz Julia , Fresnais Margaux , Foerster Kathrin I. , Burhenne Jürgen , Thomas Michael , Kazdal Daniel , Stenzinger Albrecht , Christopoulos Petros , Haefeli Walter E.
Published: October 2023

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) following extensive intestinal resection is often characterized by impaired absorption of orally administered drugs, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). We report the case of a patient with EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung carcinoma treated with 80 mg/day of the TKI osimertinib who achieved partial response of the tumour, but was subsequently subjected to a double‐barrelled jejunostomy due to ileus. Due to the development of SBS after the bypass surgery, plasma concentrations of osimertinib were monitored using mass spectrometry. The therapeutic drug monitoring confirmed a malabsorption of osimertinib in the patient (108 ng/mL, which is below the 5th percentile of the expected plasma concentration) and was useful to guide adjustments of TKI dosing in order to achieve adequate blood levels (161 ng/mL after increase of the dose to 120 mg/day) in order to maintain tumour control.
Design, synthesis, and biological activity evaluation of new tankyrase‐2 directed inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Pang Wan , Li Tang , Lin Taofeng , Yuan Juanchan , Xu Songhui
Published: October 2023

A new series of flavonoids and quinolone derivatives were designed, synthesized and, evaluated for their biological activity. Among them, compound 14e showed better inhibition potency against TNKS2 in comparison with G007‐LK, one of the most potent preclinical stage TNKS inhibitor. Molecular docking results showed that 14e occupied both the adenosine and nicotinamide pockets and formed a hydrogen bond with Met1054 of TNKS2. This study provides a lead for the design and discovery of potent and selective TNKS2 inhibitors.
Accuracy of different registration areas using active and passive dynamic navigation systems in dental implant surgery: An in vitro study
Authors: Wu Bin‐Zhang , Ma Fei‐Fei , Yan Xiao‐Yan , Sun Feng
Published: October 2023

Objectives

To gauge the relative accuracy of the use of passive and active dynamic navigation systems when placing dental implants, and to determine how registration areas affect the performance of these systems.

Materials and Methods

Eighty implants were assigned to be placed into 40 total resin mandible models missing either the left or right first molars using either passive or active dynamic navigation system approaches. U‐shaped tube registration devices were fixed in the edentulous site for 20 models each on the left or right side. Planned and actual implant positions were superimposed to assess procedural accuracy, and parameters including 3D entry deviation, angular deviation, and 3D apex deviation were evaluated with Mann–Whitney U tests and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests.

Results

Respective angular, entry, and apex deviation values of 1.563 ± 0.977°, 0.725 ± 0.268 mm, and 0.808 ± 0.284 mm were calculated for all included implants, with corresponding values of 1.388 ± 1.090°, 0.789 ± 0.285 mm, and 0.846 ± 0.301 mm in the active group and 1.739 ± 0.826°, 0.661 ± 0.236 mm, and 0.769 ± 0.264 mm in the passive group. Only angular deviation differed significantly among groups, and the registration area was not associated with any significant differences among groups.

Conclusions

Passive and active dynamic navigation approaches can achieve comparable in vitro accuracy. Registration on one side of the missing single posterior tooth area in the mandible can complete single‐tooth implantation on both sides of the posterior teeth, highlighting the promise of further clinical research focused on this topic.
The influence of load correlation on vibration fatigue damage of symmetrical notched cantilever beam structures
Authors: Luo Zhengbo , Zhou Cheng , Fan Xin , Wang Yaobin , He Guangzong , Chen Huaihai
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to develop an innovative multiaxial fatigue criterion based on the stress invariant, in order to perform the fatigue damage analysis of engineering structures subjected to random vibrations. First, the change rule of structural vibration fatigue lifetime under different load correlation conditions is systemically studied by experiments. Then, the finite element analysis of such a structure, including the modal analysis and the spectral analysis, is implemented in order to compute the response stress power spectral density (PSD) functions at the critical fatigue‐prone location under coupled random acceleration base excitations. Finally, the influence rule of load correlation on the vibration fatigue damage of such a symmetrical structure is theoretically illustrated through formula derivation. Moreover, combined with the critical distance theory point method, the proposed time/frequency‐domain multiaxial fatigue criterion is applied for vibration fatigue lifetime evaluation of the structure. The lifetime prediction accuracy of the proposed multiaxial fatigue criterion is verified by comparing with the vibration fatigue test results.
Preparation of cellular SiBOC foams by thermo‐foaming of polymethylvinylborosiloxane–wheat flour dough
Authors: Painuly Anil , Saraswathy Raji , Prabhakaran Kuttan
Published: October 2023

A novel method for the preparation of SiBOC foams from a polymethylvinylborosiloxane (MVBS) solution in ethanol using wheat flour as a foam stabilizer and pore template has been reported. A dough prepared by mixing the MVBS solution and wheat flour undergoes foaming at 180°C due to the stabilization of bubbles created by ethanol vapor by the adsorption of wheat flour particles on their surface. The ceramization of the foamed body at 1500°C followed by burnout of carbon produced from the wheat flour results in SiBOC foams of hierarchical pore structure. The foam density (.68–.44 g cm−3), average cell size (1.81–.58 mm), compressive strength (3.9–1.7 MPa), and thermal conductivity (.33–.21 W m−1 K−1) decrease with an increase in wheat flour to MVBS weight ratio from .25 to 1. The population of smaller pores (∼5–50 μm) created by wheat flour particles on cell walls and struts increases with an increase in wheat flour to MVBS weight ratio. The presence of β‐SiC and turbostratic graphite nanodomains in amorphous SiBOC is evidenced by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis.
Anticoagulation and venous thromboembolism in patients aged 90 years and older: Data from the RIETE registry
Authors: Lafaie Ludovic , Poenou Géraldine , Hanon Olivier , López‐Jiménez Luciano , Nieto José Antonio , Lorenzo Alicia , Porras José Antonio , Lumbierres Marina , Bertoletti Laurent , Monreal Manuel ,   the RIETE investigators
Published: October 2023

Background

Age is a major risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), yet patients aged ≥90 years are under‐represented in clinical trials of anticoagulant therapy. The objectives were to describe and compare patient clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes (VTE recurrence, bleeding, and mortality) during the first 3 months of anticoagulation between VTE patients aged ≥90 years and those aged <90 years.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Registro Informatizado Enfermedad TromboEmbὀlica (RIETE), an ongoing global observational registry of patients with objectively confirmed acute VTE.

Results

From January 2001 to October 2022, 96,701 patients were registered in RIETE, of whom 3262 (3.4%) were aged ≥90 years. Patients aged ≥90 years were less likely to be men, and to have experienced cancer or recent surgery, but more likely to manifest immobility, chronic heart failure, anemia, renal insufficiency, or dementia than those aged <90 years. Most (99.6%) patients aged ≥90 years were receiving anticoagulant therapy. During the first 3 months, 26 patients aged ≥90 years developed VTE recurrences, 116 experienced major bleeding, and 564 died. Among patients initially presenting with pulmonary embolism (PE), deaths due to PE exceeded those due to fatal bleeding (76 vs. 19). Among those initially presenting with isolated deep‐vein thrombosis (DVT), it was the reverse (2 vs. 11 deaths).

Conclusions

In patients aged ≥90 years, the difference in the outcome of anticoagulant treatment depending on the initial presentation of VTE could suggest a need for different management approaches. Clinical trials evaluating the optimal duration of anticoagulation according to initial VTE presentation are warranted to limit excess deaths in this particular population.
Trends in photodynamic therapy for dermatology in recent 20 years: A scientometric review based on CiteSpace
Authors: Huang Fujun , Fu Qiang , Tang Lei , Zhao Mingdan , Huang Mengya , Zhou Xun
Published: October 2023

Objective

Analyze the research state and development trend of photodynamic therapy for dermatology using visual knowledge graphs derived from the Web of Science Core Collection database.

Methods

The Web of Science Core Collection database was utilized as the search data source for the bibliometric analysis, and the associated articles published between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2022, were obtained using the search terms “photodynamic therapy” and “dermatology”. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and additional tools were utilized for bibliometric analysis, and visual knowledge graphs were created.

Results

Eight hundred and thirty two articles were retrieved in total, and 747 were included following de‐duplication and transformation. The country with the greatest number of publications is the United States; the primary research institution was University of Copenhagen; and the references with the highest centrality were primarily concerned with the selection of photosensitizers; High frequency keywords primarily comprised 5 aminolevulinic acid and basal cell carcinoma; and the clustering graph revealed that all keywords fell into 11 categories.

Conclusion

In numerous areas of dermatology, photodynamic treatment is commonly employed. Current research focuses on nonneoplastic skin diseases and the choice of photosensitizers. Nonetheless, its specific mechanism and other applications merit further investigation.
Association between health literacy and nursing care in hospital: A retrospective study
Authors: Cocchieri Antonello , Pezzullo Angelo Maria , Cesare Manuele , De Rinaldis Miriam , Cristofori Elena , D'Agostino Fabio
Published: October 2023

Aims

To describe the health literacy (HL) levels of hospitalised patients and their relationship with nursing diagnoses (NDs), nursing interventions and nursing measures for clinical risks.

Design

Retrospective study.

Methods

The study was conducted from December 2020 to December 2021 in an Italian university hospital. From 146 wards, 1067 electronic nursing records were randomly selected. The Single‐Item Literacy Screener was used to measure HL. Measures for clinical risks were systematically assessed by nurses using Conley Index score, the Blaylock Risk Assessment Screening Score, Braden score, and the Barthel Index. A univariable linear regression model was used to assess the associations of HL with NDs.

Results

Patients with low HL reported a higher number of NDs, interventions and higher clinical risks. HL can be considered a predictor of complexity of care.

Conclusions

The inclusion of standardised terms in nursing records can describe the complexity of care and facilitate the predictive ability on hospital outcomes.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

HL evaluation during the first 24 h. From hospital admission could help to intercept patients at risk of higher complexity of care. These results can guide the development of interventions to minimise needs after discharge.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution was required to design or undertake this research. Patients contributed only to the data collection.
Short‐term professional bereavement reactions and their links with the meaning of patient death: Evidence from network analyses
Authors: Chen Chuqian , Zhang Robert Jiqi
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Taking a dimensional view, this study aims to understand, among professional caregivers after patient deaths, the symptom distribution and development of the short‐term bereavement reaction (SBR) network and the node‐level links between the meaning of patient death (MPD) and the SBR network.

Methods

A cross‐sectional secondary analysis was conducted with existing data from 220 Chinese urban hospital nurses and physicians who experienced the most recent patient death within a month. MPD was measured by the 10 formative items of the meaning of patient death model, and SBR was measured by the Short‐term Bereavement Reactions Subscale of the Professional Bereavement Scale. Both Gaussian graphical network analysis and Bayesian network analysis were applied to the SBR network, and Gaussian graphical network analysis was used to estimate the MPD‐SBR network.

Results

Frustrated and guilty are central nodes in the regularized partial correlation SBR network. Meanwhile, a traumatic event and failure at work are important bridge nodes between the MPD network and the SBR network. In the Bayesian SBR network, moved by the family's understanding, moved by the family's gratitude and sad mainly drive other nodes.

Conclusion

After a patient death, nurses' and physicians' SBR networks feature professional‐dimension symptoms at their core, while they follow ‘personal to professional’ and ‘concrete to abstract’ symptom development patterns. The personal meaning of a traumatic event and the professional meaning of a failure at work play key roles in bridging the MPD and SBR networks, and meanings of both the personal and the professional dimensions can link to professional‐dimension reactions.

Reporting Method

The manuscript followed the STROBE checklist for reporting cross‐sectional studies.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
The thickness variability of fluvial cross‐strata as a record of dune disequilibrium and palaeohydrology proxy: A test against channel deposits
Authors: Colombera Luca , Reesink Arnold J. H. , Duller Robert A. , Jeavons Victoria A. , Mountney Nigel P.
Published: October 2023

Strata produced by fluvial dunes can provide insight into the hydrological regime of ancient rivers. Recent experiments indicate that conditions of disequilibrium between bedforms and formative flows may be inferred from the coefficient of variation of preserved dune cross‐set thickness, suggesting that this quantity may act as a proxy for the flashiness of river floods relative to the time required for full bedform translation. To assess whether this idea is applicable to interpretations of the stratigraphic record, this study examines published data relating to more than 2600 cross‐sets from 53 sedimentary units of 19 river systems. The presented analyses must not be over‐interpreted, because the considered rivers span different environmental settings, the data sources are heterogeneous in terms of type and dimensionality, and some variables were established by applying empirical relationships. Yet, significant findings are revealed. Larger rivers exhibit discharge and bedform characteristics that are more conducive to disequilibrium; however, a modest increase in the coefficient of variation of cross‐set thickness, CV(Dst), as opposed to the expected decrease, is seen as a function of river size. Crucially, smaller CV(Dst) values are not systematically associated with conditions that should favour dune disequilibrium. Meanwhile, only ca 25% of the studied examples demonstrate cross‐set thickness statistics compatible with quantitative formulations of the autogenic control by variable dune topography – the notion of ‘variability‐dominated’ preservation. These findings indicate that the variability in cross‐set thickness may be a poor predictor of discharge variability, perhaps because of the multiplicity of factors controlling dune preservation, such as bedform hierarchy, transport stage and depth‐dependent variations in dune disequilibrium. To improve interpretations of cross‐stratified deposits, further research is needed: (i) to establish the value of process‐to‐product models for reverse product‐to‐process interpretations; and (ii) to define representative samples for preserved dune deposits accounting for temporal and spatial variability in preservation potential.