bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of marine turtle strandings (Reptilia: Testudine) occurring on coast of Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: Lopes-Souza Aline , Schiavetti Alexandre , Álvarez Martín Roberto
Published: June 2021

This study provides an analysis of the occurrence and the spatial and temporal distribution of marine turtle strandings found in the south of the State of Bahia. Data was collected between January 2006 and June 2008. This study covers an area of 220 km of the southern coast of Bahia State (northeastern Brazil), and spatial analyses were made considering data collected in three bases suported by Petrobras-Petróleo Brasileiro S/A distributed in the area. The records were sorted according to month and year, species, age group and sex. A total of 260 stranding were reported: 183 of Chelonia mydas (74.1%), the most frequent species. The highest number of strandings was recorded in Gamboa do Morro Base. Juveniles presented the highest densities, but no differences between adults and small juveniles were detected. Males were more frequently stranded in Gamboa do Morro Base, while females were more frequent in Ilhéus Base. An increase in the number of stranding between 2006 and 2008 was noted; moreover, the months with more records were January, February, March, October and December. The number of stranding events was discontinuously distributed in the study area. This study also demonstrated the usefulness of implement different strategies of recording marine turtle strandings: direct monitoring efforts (patrol) in remote beaches and educational campaigns applied on beaches frequented by tourists. This study demonstrated that, despite spatial nearby, the three bases attend independent biological systems and show different stranding dynamics, thus different conservancy actions should be implemented in order to improve the knowledge on natural history of sea-turtles in the southern coast of Bahia State.
Reproductive broodstock performance and egg quality of wild-caught and first-generation domesticated Seriola rivoliana reared under same culture conditions
Authors: Quiñones-Arreola Marcos F. , Arcos-Ortega G. Fabiola , Gracia-López Vicente , Casillas-Hernández Ramón , Weirich Charles , Morris Terry , Díaz-Tenorio Mariana , Ibarra-Gámez Cuauhtémoc
Published: June 2021

Almaco jack, Seriola rivoliana as well as some related species is of great interest in marine fish aquaculture. However, there are few studies about their reproduction in captivity. In this research work, reproductive performance and egg quality in two groups of adult Seriola rivoliana, caught in the wild and domesticated-F1 analyzed and compared, reared under optimal maturation conditions in a commercial private Laboratory. A total of 28 wild adult (>5 kg) were caught at La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico, and 30 adult domesticated-F1 broodstock (>5 kg), were obtained from an original stock of 1,000 juveniles (3.5 g body weight) produced at Kona Blue (Hawaii, USA) sea farm. Fishes were transported to the Rancheros del Mar commercial private hatchery, where they were grown to adult size. Both groups were evaluated during eight months (May to December 2012) and compared in terms of reproduction performance (total number of spawning events, monthly spawning frequency, total number of eggs, total number of eggs per mL, and fertilization rate), egg biochemical composition (total proteins, total lipids, total carbohydrates, and triacylglycerides) and egg diameter. Results indicated that wild caught broostock showed a better reproductive performance in terms of fertilization rate, total number of spawning, monthly spawning frequency and total number of eggs produced. However, biochemical composition and egg diameter did not show statistical differences (P < 0.05) between two groups. The reproductive performance of broodstock and quality of eggs analyzed in this study are important traits to improve the aquaculture management of this species.
Isolation and characterization of infectious Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of AHPND, from the whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: López-León Patricia , Luna-González Antonio , Escamilla-Montes Ruth , Flores-Miranda María del Carmen , Fierro-Coronado Jesús A. , Álvarez-Ruiz Píndaro , Diarte-Plata Genaro
Published: June 2021

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), was isolated from the hepatopancreas of moribund whiteleg shrimp of commercial farms from Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. The isolates were screened on thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar plates for the selection of green colonies and further characterized through PCR with AP3 primers, 89F/R primers, hemolysin genes, hemolytic and enzymatic activity, hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and biofilm formation. Bioassays by immersion challenge were conducted to confirm the pathogenicity of selected bacterial strains. In addition, the LC50 was calculated for each isolate. All isolates (35) belonged to V. parahaemolyticus, but three isolates did not correspond to strains that cause AHPND since they were negative with 89F/R primers. All isolates were αhemolytic and showed biofilm formation (from moderate to strong). Isolates were hydrophobic or hydrophilic and showed high autoaggregation capacity. Eight strains did not kill shrimp and eleven were pathogenic, but differences in virulence were found among them perhaps due to α-hemolysis and differences in biofilm formation and hydrophobicity. Therefore, performed characterization may help to understand the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus. Finally, results showed that smaller shrimp are less resistant to V. parahaemolyticus infection.
Taxonomic composition and distribution of cephalochordates (Cephalochordata: Amphioxiformes) from Mexico
Authors: Del Moral-Flores Luis Fernando , Guadarrama-Martínez Miguel Ángel , Flores-Coto César
Published: June 2021

Based on the number of specimens examined, review of reference collections and literature, we determined the presence of four cephalochordates (two genera and one family) in the seas of Mexico; moreover, the registry of the locations is denoted also a taxonomic key for their identification comes attached. The presence of three of the four species for the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Caribbean is registered, of which Branchiostoma caribaeum has the largest distributional area, from Veracruz coasts to the Yucatan Peninsula; B. longirostrum has been registered only on the west part of the Gulf of Mexico and Asymmetron lucayanum in front of the northeastern coast of Yucatan. Branchiostoma californiense is the only one registered on the Pacific coast of Mexico but it counts with a wider distribution.
Historical collections of vascular plants in the Korean Peninsula by three major collectors in the early 20th century: U. J. Faurie, E. J. Taquet and E. H. Wilson
Authors: Chang Chin-Sung , Kwon Shin Young , Kim Hui
Published: June 2021

The digitisation of historical collections aims to increase global access to scientific artifacts, especially those from currently inaccessible areas. Historical collections from North Korea deposited at foreign herbaria play a fundamental role in biodiversity transformation patterns. However, the biodiversity pattern distribution in this region remains poorly understood given the severe gaps in available geographic species distribution records. Access to a dominant proportion of primary biodiversity data remains difficult for the broader scientific and environmental community. The digitisation of foreign collectors’ botanical collections of around 60,000 specimens from the Korean Peninsula before World War II is ongoing. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by developing the first comprehensive, open-access database of biodiversity records for the Korean Peninsula. This paper provides a quantitative and general description of the specimens that Urbain Jean Faurie, Emile Joseph Taquet and Ernest Henry Wilson have collected and are kept in several herbaria.

An open-access database of biodiversity records provides a simple guide to georeferencing historical collections. The first set describes E. H. Wilson’s collection of woody plants collected in the Korean Peninsula and preserved at the Harvard University Herbaria (A). This set includes 1,087 records collected from 1917 to 1918. The other collections contain specimens collected by E. J. Taquet (4,727 specimens from Quelpaert (Jeju), 1907–1914) and U. J. Faurie (3,659 specimens from North Korea and Quelpaert, 1901, 1906 and 1907). For each specimen, we recorded the species name, locality indication, collection date, collector, ecology and revision label. This set contains more than 9,400 specimens, with 22% of vascular plants from North Korea and 66% from Quelpaert (Jeju) Island. In these collections, we included some images that correspond to the specimens in this dataset.
Effect of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and rehabilitation on muscle function in cruciate-deficient dogs evaluated with acoustic myography
Authors: Varcoe G.M. , Manfredi J.M. , Jackson A. , Tomlinson J.E.
Published: June 2021

The objective of the study was to determine the function of the biceps femoris, quadriceps, gastrocnemius and semitendinosus muscles at the walk in dogs with unilateral clinical cruciate disease and palpable joint instability. To compare function before and after a tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) procedure, and after six weeks of subsequent rehabilitation therapy. Fourteen adult client-owned dogs with cranial cruciate ligament deficiency (CCLD). Orthopaedic examination, temporospatial gait analysis and acoustic myography (AMG) recordings were made at three time points: before TPLO, and post-operatively at two and eight weeks. A rehabilitation program started 2 weeks after surgery and was either in-clinic along with in-home rehabilitation or in-home only. Statistics included: repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests. Significance was set atP<0.05. When comparing the affected versus the unaffected limb in the CCLD dogs, there were no significant differences found in AMG values between baseline and other time points for the quadriceps and semitendinosus muscles. The gastrocnemius and biceps femoris muscles had a significant change in spatial summation (S) score over time. The gastrocnemius (S) score was not significantly different to the unaffected limb by 8 weeks post TPLO. There was no significant effect of rehabilitation method on S score. Dogs with in-clinic rehabilitation regained more symmetry in thigh circumference versus in-home only. Lameness parameters improved but did not completely resolve in all dogs by week 8 post TPLO. The function of the gastrocnemius muscles in affected limbs was significantly different to normal limbs at baseline and 2 weeks post TPLO but not at 8 weeks. Thigh symmetry, but no other parameters, was improved with the addition of in-clinic rehabilitation.
Influencing Factors of Acute Stress Disorder Among Frontline Nurses in Wuhan, China
Authors: Liu Shuang , Xu Rong , Liu Li
Published: June 2021

The current study aimed to investigate the influencing factors of acute stress disorder (ASD) in frontline nurses delivering care in a hospital for COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. In this cross-sectional study, 298 frontline nurses were surveyed during the first month of direct care delivery for patients with COVID-19 via the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Through logistic regression analysis, we identified the influencing factors of ASD. Our results showed that 13.8% of participants had ASD; frontline nurses were affected by ASD symptoms in different degrees; higher perceived social support from friends and colleagues were the major protective factors of ASD; and a negative coping style was a risk factor for ASD. Psychological crisis management interventions aimed at frontline nurses may be essential to prevent ASD during public health crisis events. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59
(9), 38–47.]
Devenir chercheur ou enseignant chercheur : le goût pour la recherche des doctorants à l’épreuve du marché du travail
Authors: Bonnard Claire , Calmand Julien , Giret Jean-François
Published: June 2021

Faire une thèse pour devenir chercheur ou enseignant-chercheur est souvent considéré comme un parcours difficile dont le résultat est incertain. Plus que dans d’autres pays, les diplômés de doctorat en France connaissent de fortes difficultés de stabilisation sur le marché du travail. Notre recherche s’interroge sur les raisons qui conduisent les jeunes à obtenir un doctorat puis à choisir une carrière de chercheur ou d’enseignant-chercheur et enfin, à s’y stabiliser. À partir d’une enquête du Céreq, nos résultats montrent que l’intérêt pour la recherche qu’ils ont manifesté dès le début des études supérieures et le capital social vont fortement structurer leur parcours universitaire et professionnel. Cependant, les variables liées à la situation sur le marché du travail vont également influencer les décisions des jeunes.
Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of Natural Vegetable Fibers Used in Composite Materials for Structural Strengthening
Authors: Ivanova Ivelina , Assih Jules , Dontchev Dimitar
Published: June 2021

This research aims at studying the mechanical properties of industrial hemp fibers and promoting their use as a reinforcing composite material for strengthening of civil engineering structures. Natural hemp fibers are of great interest due to the following advantages they have: low cost, high strength-to-weight ratio, low density and non-corrosive properties. The use of plant fiber composite materials has increased significantly in recent years because of the negative reduction impact on the environment. For example, the tendency to use renewable resources and their possibility for recycling. They cause fewer health and environmental problems than synthetic fibers. Natural fibers, in addition to environmental aspects, have advantages such as low densities, i.e. have low weight, interesting mechanical properties comparable to those of synthetic fiber materials, and last but not least, low cost. Composites based on natural plant fibers can be used to reinforce or repair reinforced concrete structures, as shown by research on flax fiber composites. These concretes specimens strengthened with biocomposite materials have very good resistance to bending and significantly increase the rigidity of the structure. The results show that the hemp fiber reinforcement has significant effects on the strengthening and increase in flexural strength from 8% to 35 %.
In memory of Professor Gianni Losano. One year after his death
Authors: Mancardi Daniele , Pagliaro Pasquale , Gattullo Donatella , Penna Claudia , Rastaldo Raffaella
Published: June 2021

Prof. Losano was born on July the 25th 1934, and he graduated in Medicine and Surgery on November 18th 1959. He started his university career in the early 60ties as “Assistente Volontario alla Cattedra di Fisiologia”. He was several times a Visiting Professor at the A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine of the University of Liberia in Monrovia (Liberia), where he also served as Dean of the Medicine Faculty. In 1973 he was named full professor and he continued to work at Torino University until 2019 as Professor Emeritus.
Evaluation of calcium hydroxide incorporated with niobium pentoxide as a direct pulp capping agent – A preliminary ex vivo tooth culture model analysis
Authors: Kritika Selvakumar , Mahalaxmi Sekar
Published: June 2021

Aims:

To assess the effect of addition of niobium pentoxide (NP) to calcium hydroxide (CH) when used as a pulp capping agent. The aim was to evaluate the material characteristics and hydration potential of CH incorporated with NP at 15 days in vitro followed by the evaluation of dentin bridge formation in an ex vivo tooth culture model.

Materials and Method:

Two groups, CH (Dycal) and NPCH (5wt% NP added to Dycal prior to mixing) were mixed and the set cement was evaluated under scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). NPCH was also used for direct pulp capping in two freshly extracted human mandibular third molars for dentin bridge evaluation. The teeth were incubated in Dulbecco modified eagle's medium for 15 days, following which the teeth were sectioned and analyzed for hard tissue formation under SEM.

Results:

SEM analysis of the modified material revealed interlacing network with stronger attachment of the agglomerated CH particles and reactionary by-products formed due to the interaction of CH and NP. EDS analysis showed presence of calcium and oxygen; with Group 2 showing additional presence of niobium and phosphate. XRD showed higher intensity peaks with NPCH than CH. The tooth culture model showed distinct hard tissue formation.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of this preliminary study, it can be concluded that the incorporation of NP into CH is a viable alternative to CH for direct pulp capping procedures.
Biological activity and investigation of some active constituents with molecular docking from two Cleome species
Authors: Abdullah Wael , Elsayed Wael M. , Abdelshafeek Khaled A. , Nazif Naglaa M. , Ismail Nasser S.M. , Ismail Shams I. , Singab Abdel N.B. , Nada Somaia A.
Published: June 2021

Objective

Cleome genus belonging to Cleomeaceae family is used as an antidiabetic agent in Egyptian folk medicine. The current study aimed to isolated and identify the active constitutes of two species, Cleome africana and Cleome droserifolia, and to study the biological activities, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective.

Materials and methods

The lipid constituents of two plant species, C. africana and C. droserifolia, were extracted with petroleum ether and fractionated to acetone-insoluble fraction and acetone-soluble fraction. Molecular docking studies were carried out in isolated compounds. Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of the promising compounds were investigated.

Results and conclusion

The fatty alcohols and hydrocarbons were identified from the acetone-insoluble fraction. C. africana comprises four fatty alcohols, in which tetratetracontanol is the main one, whereas C. droserifolia consists of two fatty alcohols, in which dotriacontanol is the main one. The hydrocarbons include seven compounds, with tritriacontane as the main one in both species. The acetone-soluble fraction was saponified to afford the unsaponifiable fraction, which contains in C. africana a series of n-alkanes from n-C14 to n-C31, representing 93.66%, with n-C22 as the main one, in addition to a sterol fraction, forming 5.13%, in which β-sitosterol is the main compound, and the fraction of C. droserifolia was found to contain a series of n-alkanes from n-C18 to n-C30, representing 60.46%, in which n-C30 is the main compound, besides sterols, representing about 39.54%, with campesterol as a major compound (12.46%), and finally, a triterpene fraction consisting of α-amyrin and β-amyrin. In addition, fatty acids as a mixture of eight acids (saturated and unsaturated) were found in both species; the major two acids are linoleic acid (38.99%) and palmitic acid (33.05%). Extraction of the glucosinolate (GL) constituents from the methanolic extract of C. africana led to isolation and identification of one compound (G), identified as 3-ethylsulfonyl-2,3-dimethoxypropyl GLs. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the total GLs allowed us to identify eight isothiocyanate and two thione compounds. Molecular docking of compound G with glucosidase enzyme using C-DOCKER protocol resulted in having higher docking scores relative to the lead molecule and the ligand (Glimepiride). Accordingly, molecular docking studies proved that the molecule of G compound has a promising active hits and can be used as antidiabetic through glucosidase inhibitor and also different extracts exhibited an anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity.
Does application of complexity theory simplify concepts of psychiatry
Authors: Prakash Jyoti , Chatterjee K. , Shankar S.
Published: June 2021

Scientific curiosity has not been able to explain the cause of psychiatric illness based on primarily biological or social paradigm. Available literatures were explored to understand causality of psychiatric illness from perspective of physics. Theory of complexity and other relevant theories were extrapolated to address these questions. Mental illness appeared to be a complex interplay of reductionism and emergentism, genetic and epigenetics, stress and the vulnerability or the core and the periphery. Mental illness displayed complex interaction between biological trait and environmental state.
دور الجامعات السعودية في تعزيز قيم المواطنة الرقمية (دراسة تحليلية للمواقع الإلكترونية للجامعات السعودية)
Authors: د. ظافر بن أحمد مصلح القرني د. ظافر بن أحمد مصلح القرني
Published: June 2021

. استهدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف على درجة إسهام الجامعات السعودية في تعزيز قيم ومبادئ المواطنة الرقمية لدى طلابها من خلال تحليل جميع ما تم نشره على الصفحات الرسمية الإلكترونية للجامعات أو ما يسمى بــ "الموقع الرسمي للجامعة"، كما هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن أعلى قيم المواطنة الرقمية وأقلها نسبة في درجة عناية الجامعات بنشرها عبر صفحتها الإلكترونية، والبحث عن وجود اختلافات في ذلك تبعاً لاختلاف العمر الزمني بين جامعة وأخرى، وقد اعتمد الباحث في تحليل الصفحات الإلكترونية للجامعات على بطاقة خاصة قام بإعدادها تحقيقاً لأهداف الدراسة ،حيث اشتملت هذه البطاقة على المحاور التسعة الرئيسية لمبادئ المواطنة الرقمية، تم من خلالها استنتاج عدد من القيمة الفرعية لكل محور حيث استقر عددها بعد التحكيم من المختصين على(58) قيمة مواطنة رقمية، ثم قام الباحث بتطبيقها في مسح الصفحات الرسمية للجامعات السعودية الحكومية على شبكة الإنترنت ،البالغ عددها(30) جامعة في العام الدراسي 1441هـ ؛ حيث تم تقسيمها حسب العمر الزمني إلى ثلاثة أقسام (جامعات قديمة- جامعات متوسطة العمر- جامعات ناشئة)،وقد توصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى تفوق ثلاثة من مبادئ المواطنة الرقمية على باقي المبادئ التسعة وهي المبدأ الأول "الاتصال الرقمي" والثالث "التواصل الرقمي"، والخامس "اللياقة الرقمية"، وذلك يجسد الاهتمام الكبير للجامعات السعودية بتعزيز عناصر هذه المبادئ لدى طلابها، كما أثبتت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تُعزى لاختلاف عمر الجامعات في إسهاماتها لتعزيز قيم ومبادئ المواطنة الرقمية، وقد أوصت الدراسة الجامعات بالعناية بقيم المواطنة الرقمية الأقل تعزيزاً والمتمثلة في مبدأي "الأمن الرقمي"، و"الصحة والسلامة الرقمية"، واستحداث مقررات دراسية للمواطنة الرقمية ، وتدريب أساتذة الجامعات حول دمج مبادئ المواطنة الرقمية في المناهج الدراسية ، وإجراء المزيد من الدراسات حول إسهامات الجامعات السعودية في تعزيز قيم المواطنة الرقمية من خلال قنوات التواصل الاجتماعي المختلفة ك: تويتر ، وفيس بوك ، وسناب شات، و وإجراء المزيد من الدراسات حول المقترحات والبرامج العملية التي يمكن من خلالها تعزيز دور الجامعات في نشر مبادئ المواطنة الرقمية في المجتمع السعودي على كافة مستوياته.
مقياس الدافعية للعمل ذو الأبعاد المتعددة: أبعاده، وصدقه، وثباته في السياق التعليمي السعودي
Authors: صالح علي يعن الله القرني صالح علي يعن الله القرني
Published: June 2021

. تركز الدراسة الحالية على فحص الخصائص السيكومترية لمقياس الدافعية للعمل ذي الأبعاد المتعددة MWMS في السياق التعليمي السعودي، وهي دراسة مستعرضة شملت 309 مشرفا تربويا ممن يعملون في المكاتب التعليمية بالإدارة العامة للتعليم بجدة، واللذين تم التواصل معهم للحصول على
Comparative study of coliform contamination of public boreholes and pipe borne water systems in Bosso Town, North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Oyedum U.M. , Adabara N.U. , Kuta F.A.
Published: June 2021

This study was carried out to determine the coliform contamination of public boreholes and pipe borne water supplies within Bosso town. Twenty (20) water samples comprising of 10 each of borehole and pipe borne samples were aseptically collected from Bosso Town and analyzed using membrane filtration technique. The results obtained revealed that most (60.0%) of the water samples from the borehole sources except the samples from Rafin-Yashi, Maikunkele, Federal University of Technology (F.U.T) Minna, Tudun Fulani, contained coliform counts within 10cfu/100ml while all (100.0%) of the pipe borne water samples had coliform counts above 10cfu/100ml. The organisms isolated included species of Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Clostridium, Bacillus, Yersinia and Serratia. E.coli had the highest frequency of occurrence (20%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (11.7%), Salmonella spp (11.7%), Shigella spp (11.7%), Clostridium spp (8.3), Streptococcus faecalis (8.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.7%), Bacillus subtilis (6.7%), Streptococcus pyrogenes (5%), Klebsiella spp (3.3%), Proteus vulgaris (3.3%), Yersinia spp (1.7%) and Serratia spp (1.7%). This study revealed that pipe borne water and borehole water samples were contaminated in Bosso, with greater contamination observed with pipe borne water. This highlights the need for continuous assessment of the quality of public water supply and intervention measures to prevent outbreak of water-borne diseases in the area.Keywords: Water; Boreholes; Pipe borne; Coliforms; Water-borne disease
Seedling growth of Adenanthera pavonina L. in polluted soils of Karachi railway track
Authors: Farooqi Zia-Ur-Rehman , Iqbal Muhammad Zafar , Kabir Muhammad , Shafiq Muhammad , Athar Mohammad
Published: June 2021

The seedling growth performance of Adenanthera pavonina L. in polluted soils of different railway tracks viz. Karachi Cantt. Station, Malir Halt, Malir 15, Landhi Junction and University Campus (control) was studied under in pots under natural field conditions. The results showed that the root, shoot and seedling size, number of leaves, plant cover, leaf weight ratio of A. pavonina seedlings were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in Karachi Cantt. Station soil as compared to University Campus soil. Similarly, shoot, root and seedling size, plant cover, seedling dry weight of A. pavonina were significantly (p<0.05) increased in soils of Landhi Junction as compared to soil of University Campus. A better seedling growth of A. pavonina was also found in soil of Malir 15 followed by Malir Halt. A significant variation in the the physico-chemical characteristics of the railway tract soil sample was observed. The soil of Malir Halt, Malir 15 and Landhi Junction railway tracks was sandy clay loam while the Karachi Cantt. Station and University Campus had clay loam textured soil. A significant variation in chemical characteristics of railway track soil such as maximum water holding capacity, bulk density, chloride contents, available sulfur, and exchangeable sodium as compared to University Campus soil observed. Whereas, porosity, calcium carbonate, organic matter, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts and exchangeable potassium were low in railway tracks soil. The present study demonstrated that the growth of A. pavonina was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in Karachi Cantt. Station soil as compared to soils of other sites.Keywords: Adenanthera pavonina, railway track, pollution, seedling growth, soil
Antinociceptive effect of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) Aqueous Extracts in Rattus norvegicus (Albino Rats)
Authors: Zitte LF , Konya RS
Published: June 2021

Antinociceptive is reducing sensitivity to painful stimuli for the individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive potentials of graded doses of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) aqueous extract in Rattus norvegicus (Albino Rats) and its chemical pattern by comparing it with a standard drug and a control using the hot water based flick tail test. Thirty five adult rats of both sexes were used for the experiment which, were divided into five groups of seven rats per group. Group one was used as the control (with 1ml normal saline), while groups two, three and four were treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Pleurotus ostreatus aqueous extracts and group five treated with 15 mg/kg Aspirin (a standard drug) as positive control. Hot water at 550C was used to determine the nociceptive responses of the animals to detect anti-nociceptive effects of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts as compared to the control in hot water inflicted pain. The results suggested that Pleurotus ostreatus aqueous extract exhibits antinociceptive properties against thermal stimulus at 550C. The diversity of individual animals’ pain tolerance threshold when immersed in hot water was also observed during the experiment. However, the extract indicated a high degree of anti-nociceptive effect at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post treatment period, with a progressively longer threshold time for pain sensitivity. It was also found that at 90 minute period, the control portrayed a relatively short response time.KEY WORDS: Anti-nociceptive, threshold pain, Pleurotus ostreatus, hot water test flick tail.
Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield Components of NH-Ae 47-4 Variety of Okra
Authors: Molik A. Zainab , Eluwa C. Vincent , Oluwatobi S. Ayodele , Lakwannum Gayus Y , Olorunmaiye S. Kehinde
Published: June 2021

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield components of okra (variety NH-Ae 47-4). Organic fertilizers (cow dung and poultry droppings) and inorganic (NPK 15:15:15 and Urea 64:0) fertilizers were used for the experiment. The fertilizers were weighed and applied at 5g, 10g and 15g and were replicated three times and each having a control. The fertilizers were mixed three days prior to sowing the seeds. Yield components taken include; fresh pod weight (g), dry pod weight (g), length of pod (cm), number of grooves on the pod, length of stalk (cm) and pod girth (cm). Application of cow dung, poultry litter, and urea and NPK fertilizer had significant effects on all the parameters accessed with Urea fertilizer having least effect. The application of cow dung resulted in significant increase in the yield components. The results obtained from the experiment also showed that the effect of the treatments were significantly difference from the controlKeywords: evaluate, cow-dung, poultry-droppings, okra, yield
Manifestações gastrointestinais em pacientes pediátricos com infecção por coronavírus no Brasil
Authors: Pontes Gabriela Caroline Lobato , Vasques Karla Denise Barros Ribeiro , Oliveira Katia Soares de
Published: June 2021

Em dezembro de 2019, foi identificada na China a COVID-19 (coronavirus disease), como uma nova doença, a qual se tornou uma pandemia em 2020, tendo como agente etiológico o SARS-CoV-2 (do inglês Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). A doença cursa comumente com as seguintes manifestações clínicas: sintomas respiratórios, febre, tosse, dispneia,mialgia, cefaleia, náuseas, vômitos e diarreia. Além disso, foi descrita evolução para doença grave em crianças, podendo estar associada à Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica. Objetivos: este trabalho visou realizar uma revisão integrativa das manifestações gastrointestinais causadas pela COVID-19, a partir da análise de pesquisas realizadas no Brasil. Metodologia: foram pesquisadas publicações realizadas com a população infantil, em hospitais brasileiros, entre os meses de janeiro e dezembro de 2020, através das bases de dados PubMed e SciELO. Resultados: A amostra final foi constituída por 12 artigos. Os estudos incluídos em nossa revisão descreveram como principais sintomas: diarreia, dor abdominal e vômitos, sendo diarreia o mais relatado; além disso, em alguns dos relatos de casos apresentados, os sintomas gastrointestinais foram apresentados como primeiras manifestações da COVID-19. Naqueles trabalhos em que se descreveu exames laboratoriais, a principal alteração encontrada foi elevação de transaminases. Também houve relato de enterite como alteração radiológica. Considerações finais: O acometimento pela COVID-19 em pacientes pediátricos pode se apresentar através de sintomas gastrointestinais, e estes podem ser a manifestação inical da doença.
Legal Theses of the Kraków Court of Appeal in 1940–1943
Authors: Mielnik Hubert
Published: June 2021

The German occupiers abolished the Supreme Court in the General Government. In the Polish (non-German) judiciary sector, there was no court of the highest instance to ensure the unification of jurisprudence. The competence to ensure the uniformity of jurisprudence and resolve existing doubts and legal issues was transferred to the courts of appeal. The objective of the present article was to demonstrate the procedure and practice of issuing legal theses by the Court of Appeal in Kraków. The article also presents changes in the composition of the judges and the territorial jurisdiction of the Kraków Court of Appeal. Archival sources constitute the source basis of the work. We also resorted to the latest subject literature. The work is based mainly on the analysis of archival sources and legal acts, so the scientific methods typical of the history of law were applied.
Üreticilerin Pirinç Pazarlamada Yaşadıkları Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri: Takhar-Afganistan Örneği
Authors: Roohullah ALAMYAR  , İsmet BOZ
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Afganistanın Takhar İlinde pirinç üreten çiftçilerin yaşamakta oldukları pazarlama sorunlarını ortaya koymak ve konu ile ilgili çözüm önerileri getirmektir. Araştırmanın sahaya yönelik verileri ilde sistematik örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 90 pirinç üreticisi ile yapılan yüz yüze anketler ve mülakatlardan elde edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, ilde pirinç üretiminin il ekonomisine daha fazla katkı sağlayabilmesi için günümüze kadar yeterince önlem alındığı söylenememektedir. İlde pirinç üreticileri üretim ve pazarlamada çeşitli sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Tüketiciler ise çoğunlukla ithal ürünlere mahkûm bırakılmıştır. Pirinç üreten çiftçiler birçok farklı çeşit pirinç yetiştirmektedir. Ancak bunlardan üçü (Sorha ziraati, Sela ve Lavangi) gerek tat ve kalite, gerekse pişirme özellikleri bakımından tüketiciler tarafından daha çok tercih edilmektedir. Bundan dolayı bu üç türün üretimi diğer türlere göre daha fazla miktarlarda gerçekleşmektedir. Pirinç sektörünün il ekonomisine katkısını artırmak için, üreticilerin pazarlara erişimi kolaylaştırılmalı, aracıların etkisi azaltılmalı ve yerli ürünlerin teşvik edilmesi gerekir.
Effect of Applications of Chemical and Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Essential Oil Ratio of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Plant
Authors: Gülen ÖZYAZICI
Published: June 2021

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different combinations of chemical and organic fertilizers on yield and essential oil ratio in coriander plant. Research, 2019-2020 vegetation period situated in Turkey's semi-arid climate prevails that was conducted in Southeastern Anatolia Region Siirt conditions. A total of 11 subjects, different combinations of chemical and organic fertilizers, formed the subject of the study in the study, which was established with 3 repetitions according to the randomized blocks trial design. According to the results of the research, the effect of chemical and organic fertilizer combinations on plant height and essential oil ratio in coriander plant is statistically insignificant. The number of seeds in the main umbrella and biological yield at p<0.05 level, the number of umbellet in the main umbrella, harvest index, seed and essential oil yield at p<0.05 level were statistically significant. In the research, the highest number of umbellet and seeds in the main umbrella were vermicompost (100%), harvest index (50% NPK + 50% chicken manure), seed yield (50% NPK + 50% chicken manure and 75% NPK + 25% chicken manure) and essential oil yield (50% NPK + 50% chicken manure). According to the research subjects, the plant height is 64.37-75.90 cm, the number of umbellet is 5.40-6.27 in the main umbrella, the number of seeds in the main umbrella is 32.47-41.53, the biological yield is 411.83-687.90 kg/da, the seed yield is 101.05-186.91 kg/da, harvest index, 22.23-36.28%, essential oil rate 0.30-0.32%, essential oil yield varied between 0.30-0.60 L/da. It was concluded that chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer applications in coriander cultivation in semi-arid climatic conditions increase yield and some yield criteria.
PROPERTIES AND MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF NON-REPLICATIVE VIRAL VECTORS, INACTIVATED VIRUSES, RNA AND DNA VACCINES
Authors: Durán-Méndez Alejandro , Tobón-Cubillos Miranda , Viveros-Hernández América , Flores Hernández Jorge Rafael , Méndez-Coca Juan Daniel , N. Peón Alberto
Published: June 2021

In the last 40 years new vaccine technologies have arisen, promising easy and quick formulation and design. In the scenario of a rapidly-spreading infectious pathogen, these technologies may render an adequate strategy to counter the pandemic. As such, me review the engineering and mechanisms of action of the main anti-COVID-19 vaccines.
An interactive visualization of Google Books Ngrams with R and Shiny: Exploring a(n) historical increase in onset strength in a(n) huge database
Authors: Schlüter Julia , Vetter Fabian
Published: June 2021

Using the re-emergence of the /h/ onset from Early Modern to Present-Day English as a case study, we illustrate the making and the functions of a purpose-built web application named (an:a) lyzer for the interactive visualization of the raw n-gram data provided by Google Books Ngrams (GBN). The database has been compiled from the full text of over 4.5 million books in English, totalling over 468 billion words and covering roughly five centuries. We focus on bigrams consisting of words beginning with graphic  preceded by the indefinite article allomorphs a and an, which serve as a diagnostic of the consonantal strength of the initial /h/. The sheer size of this database affords us the possibility to attain a maximal diachronic resolution, to distinguish highly specific groups of -initial lexical items, and even to trace the diffusion of the observed changes across individual lexical units. The functions programmed into the app enable us to explore the data interactively by filtering, selecting and viewing them according to various parameters that were manually annotated into the data frame. We also discuss limitations of the database, of the app and of the explorative data analysis. The app is publicly accessible online at https://osf.io/ht8se/.
The expansion of isms, 1820-1917: Data-driven analysis of political language in digitized newspaper collections
Authors: Marjanen Jani , Kurunmäki Jussi , Pivovarova Lidia , Zosa Elaine
Published: June 2021

Words with the suffix-ism are reductionist terms that help us navigate complex social issues by using a simple one-word label for them. On the one hand they are often associated with political ideologies, but on the other they are present in many other domains of language, especially culture, science, and religion. This has not always been the case. This paper studies isms in a historical record of digitized newspapers from 1820 to 1917 published in Finland to find out how the language of isms developed historically. We use diachronic word embeddings and affinity propagation clustering to trace how new isms entered the lexicon and how they relate to one another over time. We are able to show how they became more common and entered more and more domains. Still, the uses of isms as traditions for political action and thinking stand out in our analysis.
Optical Recognition Assisted Transcription with Transkribus: The Experiment concerning Eugène Wilhelm's Personal Diary (1885-1951)
Authors: Schlagdenhauffen Régis
Published: June 2021

This article proposes use the Transkribus software to report on a "user experiment" in a French-speaking context. It is based on the semi-automated transcription project using the diary of the jurist Eugène Wilhelm (1866-1951). This diary presents two main challenges. The first is related to the time covered by the writing process-66 years. This leads to variations in the form of the writing, which becomes increasingly "unreadable" with time. The second challenge is related to the concomitant use of two alphabets: Roman for everyday text and Greek for private issues. After presenting the project and the specificities related to the use of the tool, the experiment presented in this contribution is structured around two aspects. Firstly, I will summarise the main obstacles encountered and the solutions provided to overcome them. Secondly, I will come back to the collaborative transcription experiment carried out with students in the classroom, presenting the difficulties observed and the solutions found to overcome them. In conclusion, I will propose an assessment of the use of this Human Text Recognition software in a French-speaking context and in a teaching situation.

Cet article propose de restituer une « expérience utilisateur » du logiciel Transkribus en contexte francophone. Il s’appuie sur le projet de transcription semi-automatisée du journal intime du juriste Eugène Wilhelm (1866-1951). Ce journal comporte deux défis principaux : le premier est lié à la durée de la rédaction, 66 années, qui engendre des variations dans la forme de l’écriture, cette dernière devenant de plus en plus « illisible » le temps passant. Le second défi est lié à l’emploi concomitant de deux alphabets ; romain pour tout ce qui relève du quotidien et grec pour le for privé.L’expérience utilisateur restituée dans cette contribution s’articule autour de deux aspects. Dans un premier temps, après avoir présenté le projet et les spécificités liées à l’usage de l’outil, les principaux obstacles rencontrés et les solutions apportées pour y remédier seront synthétisés. Puis, je reviendrai sur l’expérience collaborative de transcription conduite avec des étudiants en salle de cours en présentant les difficultés observées et les solutions trouvées pour y remédier. En conclusion, je proposerai un bilan relatif à l’utilisation de ce logiciel d’HTR (Human Text Recognition) en contexte francophone et en situation d’enseignement
Analysis Of Oil Losses at Press Station In PT. Palmina Utama
Authors: Rizal Syamsul , Rahmawati Linda
Published: June 2021

The press station is the main station for quoting oil from the pulp of palm oil (CPO). In the screw press, there are several things that need to be considered in order to determine the success of the extraction process, namely the percentage level of oil losses which is one of the benchmarks for the success of extraction at the press station. Some things that can affect the percentage level of oil losses at the press station are the amount of pressure on the press machine and the level of chopping blades in the digester. This observation is carried out by direct observation method at PT. Palmina Utama, using a purposive sampling method.samples taken for the analysis of oil losses at this press station are in the form of fiber, the persentage value of oil losses is determined by exstraction using soxhlet with n-hexane solvent. Samples for analysis were taken from five press machines at the press station in the form of fiber and taken three times each at three points, namely the left side, the middle side and the right side with an interval of two hours, then the samples were mixed and weighed as much as nine to ten gram. The highest oil losses in February were 4.48% and the lowest losses during February were 4.105%. Based on statistical analysis, that F-Count is smaller than F-table 5% and 1%. Thus, pressure does not affect at the percentage of oil losses.
Icelandic community pharmacists' and pharmacy students' expectations of future role extensions and education requirements: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Weidmann Anita Elaine , Guðbjörnsdóttir Unnur Karen , Gunnarsdóttir Anna Ingibjörg , Gunnarsson Pétur , Jónsdóttir Freyja
Published: June 2021

Aim: To explore the expectations of Icelandic community pharmacists and final year pharmacy students on future role extensions and associated education needs.   
Methods: All community pharmacists across Iceland registered with the Pharmaceutical Society of Iceland (LFI) (n=136) and all fourth- and fifth-year pharmacy students enrolled at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Iceland (n=69). An online cross-sectional questionnaire was designed, validated, piloted and analysed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and content analysis.   
Results: The response rate was 27.9% (n=38) for community pharmacists and 33.3% (n=23) for fourth- and fifth-year pharmacy students respectively. Of these, 90.2% (n=55) saw the need for community pharmacists’ role extensions and most (n=60, 98.4%) were willing to accept additional education to make role extensions in Iceland possible. Logistic regression identified that students identified the need for pharmacists to be making prescribing recommendations to medical healthcare professionals (p=0.023); for example “Pharmacists should use their knowledge to give advice and collaborate with physicians and other healthcare professionals about drug therapies”.
Conclusion: Both community pharmacists and pharmacy students showed a strong willingness to extend their roles in the future. It will require government support to overcome perceived barriers and to develop further education programmes.
Restauración de terreros cianurados usando zeolita natural enriquecida con fertilizante NPK
Authors: Alvarado-Ibarra Juana , Zamudio-Burgos Lara Angélica , Servín-Rodríguez Jesús Leonel , Álvarez-Chávez Clara Rosalía , Esquer-Peralta Javier , Flores-Varela Ramona
Published: June 2021

Esta investigación muestra una alternativa con potencial para la restauración de terreros cianurados. El experimento se efectuó con cinco macetas de plástico, en las cuales se colocaron material del terrero previamente lavado con hidróxido de calcio, diversas cantidades de zeolita natural tipo chabasita enriquecida con fertilizante triple 17 NPK y semillas de pasto buffel (Pennisetum ciliare L). El material del terrero, la muestra testigo y las hojas y raíces de la muestra identificada como T-3D fueron analizados por la técnica de microscopia electrónica de barrido, utilizando un equipo con microsonda de análisis elemental acoplada. Los resultados indican que se logró la incorporación de los nutrientes en la zeolita y sirvió como medio de enriquecimiento al material del terrero, de manera que permitió el crecimiento del pasto buffel a los 77 días de iniciado el experimento, la planta creció en las muestras que contenían zeolita y el mayor crecimiento se dio en la identificada como T-3D. Los análisis a las raíces y hojas del pasto indican una acumulación de Mn, Fe, Cu y Zn mayor en raíz que en hojas. Se concluye que el enriquecimiento efectuado en la chabasita puede ser una buena alternativa para la remediación y recuperación de terreros cianurados abandonados.
El agroturismo una oportunidad de desarrollo para la sierra de Sonora
Authors: Santiago-Hernández Víctor Guadalupe , Alcaraz-Miranda Martina , Córdova-Yánez Alejandro
Published: June 2021

Cuando la tierra no solo produce bienes, sino servicios es porque la diversificación está en proceso; precisamente, es aquí cuando la forma de pensar de los productores se modifica en beneficio de su familia, sino de su entorno social y económico. Los productores de la región serrana del estado de Sonora, la cual se comprende para el presente estudio 18 municipios, es caracterizada esencialmente por la práctica de actividades agropecuarias, esta cultura productiva ha incitado un prototipo socioeconómico que históricamente radica en el quehacer cotidiano de las comunidades, el cual no ha permitido en su totalidad la diversificación de las actividades económicas en dicha región. Haciendo referencia a la perspectiva del productor en la región, la disposición es escasa y nula por parte de los propietarios de ranchos para transformar o diversificar sus actividades cotidianas, debido a que no consideran visualizar las posibilidades de desarrollo en su entorno, haciendo una incorporación de actividades en relación particularmente con el agroturismo. Dicho lo anterior, se espera que con esta investigación se pueda concienciar a los productores que vale la pena modificar su enfoque hacia la elaboración de hacer tangible el turismo en experiencias memorables. Esta investigación es resultado del trabajo colegiado del Cuerpo Académico Desarrollo Regional Sustentable, el cual está enfocado en analizar, promover y difundir la actividad económica en la sierra de Sonora.