bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferritin-Nanocaged Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoaggregates for NIR-II Fluorescence-Guided Noninvasive, Controllable Male Contraception
Authors: Yu Xinghua , Shuai Jiaxue , Meng Ge , Zhou Shumin , Wijayaraja Amali , Zhao Yixiang , Yao Lei , Yao Rui , Yang Xing , Zhang Tianfu , Wang Liying , Gu Pengyu , Zhang Pengfei , Sun Fei
Published: January 2024

Controllable contraception in male animals was demonstrated through the
utilization of gold nanorods’ photothermal effect to accomplish mild
testicular hyperthermia. However, the challenges arising from testicular
administration and the non-biodegradability of nanoparticles hinder
further clinical implementation. Therefore, a straightforward,
non-invasive, and enhanced contraception approach is required. This
study explores the utilization of human heavy chain ferritin (HFn)
nanocarriers loaded with aggregation-induced emission luminogens
(AIEgens) for noninvasive, controllable male contraception guided by
Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging. The HFn-caged AIEgens
(HFn@BBT) are delivered via intravenous injection and activated by
near-infrared irradiation. Lower hyperthermia treatment induces partial
damage to the testes and seminiferous tubules, reducing fertility
indices by approximately 100% on the 7th day, which gradually recovers
to 80% on the 60th day. Conversely, implementation of elevated
hyperthermia therapy causes total destruction of both testes and
seminiferous tubules, leading to a complete loss of fertility on the
60th day. Additionally, the use of AIEgens in NIR-II imaging offers
improved fluorescence efficiency and penetration depth. The findings of
this study hold significant promise for the advancement of safe and
effective male contraceptive methods, addressing the need for
noninvasive and controllable approaches to reproductive health and
population control.
A novel gravity wave transport parametrization for global chemistry climate models: description and validation
Authors: Guarino Maria Vittoria , Gardner Chester S. , Feng Wuhu , Funke Bernd , García-Comas Maya , Puertas Manuel Lopez , Kupilas Marcin M , Marsh Daniel R , Plane John Maurice Campbell
Published: January 2024

The gravity wave drag parametrization of the Whole Atmosphere Community
Climate Model (WACCM) has been modified to include the wave-driven
atmospheric vertical mixing caused by propagating, non-breaking, gravity
waves. The strength of this atmospheric mixing is represented in the
model via the “effective wave diffusivity” coefficient K_wave. Using
K_wave, a new total dynamical diffusivity K_Dyn is defined. K_Dyn
represents the vertical mixing of the atmosphere by both breaking
(dissipating) and vertically propagating (non-dissipating) gravity
waves. Here we show that, when the new diffusivity is used, the downward
fluxes of Fe and Na between 80 and 100 km largely increase. Larger
meteoric ablation injection rates of these metals (within a factor 2 of
measurements) can now be used in WACCM, which produce Na and Fe layers
in good agreement with lidar observations. Mesospheric
CO is also significantly impacted, with the largest
CO concentration increase occurring between 80-90 km,
where model-observations agreement improves. However, in regions where
the model overestimates CO concentration, the new
parametrization exacerbates the model bias. The mesospheric cooling
simulated by the new parametrization, while needed, is currently too
strong almost everywhere. The summer mesopause in both hemispheres
becomes too cold by about 30K compared to observations, but it shifts
upward, partially correcting the WACCM low summer mesopause. Our results
highlight the far-reaching implications and the necessity of
representing vertically propagating gravity waves in climate models.
This novel method of modelling gravity waves contributes to growing
evidence that it is time to move away from dissipative-only gravity wave
parametrizations.
Interplanetary Hydrogen Properties Observed from Mars
Authors: Mayyasi Majd , Quemerais Eric , Koutroumpa Dimitra , Baliukin Igor , Titova Anastasia , Izmodenov Vladislav , Clarke John T. , Deighan Justin , Schneider Nicholas M. , Curry Shannon M.
Published: January 2024

Observations of the Lyman-a emissions from Interplanetary Hydrogen (IPH)
atoms are made from Mars’ orbit using a high spectral resolution
instrument in echelle configuration. The measurements can uniquely be
used to resolve IPH from planetary H emissions and to subsequently
determine the brightness, velocity, and thermal broadening of the IPH
flow along the instrument line of sight. Planned as well as
serendipitous observations, both upwind and downwind of the flow, are
analyzed to determine these IPH properties and to examine the
variability of IPH brightness with solar activity through the declining
phase of Solar Cycle 24. A heliospheric interface model was used to
simulate and interpret the derived IPH properties. The results show that
the IPH brightness trends with solar irradiance, the flow is fainter
downwind than upwind, the IPH brightness is variable and non-negligible
compared with planetary emissions, and that deriving thermal properties
of IPH requires higher spectral resolution than is presently available.
These results can improve the theoretical understanding of solar system
dynamics by providing empirical constraints to simulations from the
inner boundary of the heliosphere and can guide the development of
future interplanetary missions.
Implementation of WRF-Urban Asymmetric Convective Model (UACM) for Simulating Urban Fog over Delhi, India
Authors: Bhautmage Utkarsh Prakash , Ghude Sachin D. , Parde Avinash N. , Kamath Harsh G. , Dhangar Narendra Gokul , Pleim Jonathan E. , Wong Michael Mau Fung , Wagh Sandeep Dnyandeo , Kumar Rakesh , Niyogi Dev , Rajeevan M.
Published: January 2024

Accurate fog prediction in densely urbanized cities poses a challenge
due to the complex influence of urban morphology on meteorological
conditions in the urban roughness sublayer. This study implemented a
coupled WRF-Urban Asymmetric Convective Model (WRF-UACM) for Delhi,
India, integrating explicit urban physics with Sentinel-updated USGS
land-use and urban morphological parameters derived from the UT-GLOBUS
dataset. When evaluated against the baseline Asymmetric Convective Model
(WRF-BACM) using Winter Fog Experiment (WiFEX) data, WRF-UACM
significantly improved urban meteorological variables like diurnal
variation of 10-meter wind speed, 2-meter air temperature (T2), and
2-meter relative humidity (RH2) on a fog day. UACM also demonstrates
improved accuracy in simulating temperature and a significant reduction
in biases for RH2 and wind speed under clear sky conditions. UACM
reproduced the nighttime urban heat island effect within the city,
showing realistic diurnal heating and cooling patterns that are
important for accurate fog onset and duration. UACM effectively predicts
the onset, evolution, and dissipation of fog, aligning well with
observed data and satellite imagery. Compared to WRF-BACM, WRF-UACM
reduces the cold bias soon after the sunset, thus improving the fog
onset error by ~4 hours. This study underscores the
UACM’s potential in enhancing fog prediction, urging further exploration
of various fog types and its application in operational settings, thus
offering invaluable insights for preventive measures and mitigating
disruptions in urban regions.
Magnetic Hysteresis Properties of Magnetite: Trends with Particle Size and Shape
Authors: Paterson Greig A , Moreno Roberto , Muxworthy Adrian R , Nagy Lesleis , Williams Wyn , Tauxe Lisa
Published: January 2024

Magnetic hysteresis measurements are routinely made in the Earth and
planetary sciences to identify geologically meaningful  magnetic
recorders, and to study variations in present and past environments.

Interpreting magnetic hysteresis data in terms of domain state (particle
size)  and paleomagnetic stability are major motivations behind
undertaking these measurements, but the interpretations remain  fraught
with challenges and ambiguities.

To shed new light on these ambiguities, we have undertaken a systematic
micromagnetic study to quantify the magnetic hysteresis behavior of
room-temperature magnetite as a function of particle size (50-195 nm;
equivalent spherical volume diameter) and shape (oblate, prolate and
equant);

our models span uniformly magnetized single domain (SD) to non-uniformly
magnetized single vortex (SV) states.

Within our models the reduced magnetization  marks a clear boundary
between SD (≥0.5) and SV (<0.5) magnetite.

We further identify particle sizes and shapes with unexpectedly low
coercivity and coercivity of remanence. These low coercivity regions
correspond to magnetite particles that typically have multiple possible
magnetic domain states, which has been previously linked to a zone of
unstable magnetic recorders.

Of all hysteresis parameters investigated, transient hysteresis is most
sensitive to particles that exhibit such domain state multiplicity,
leading us to suggest that transient behavior be more routinely measured
during rock magnetic investigations.
Influence of initial slab dip, inter-plate coupling, and nonlinear rheology on dynamic weakening at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary
Authors: Bhavsar Vivek , Jadamec Margarete , Knepley Matthew
Published: January 2024

The slab dip and long-term coupling at the plate interface can vary both
between and within subduction zones. How these variations affect the
long-term subduction dynamics and mantle rheology is important for
understanding plate tectonics and its evolution. This paper presents
two-dimensional (2D) models that examine the surface plate velocity and
dynamic weakening of the asthenosphere as a function of six values of
plate interface coupling (3.1x10^20, 1x10^21, 3.1x10^21,
1x10^22, 3.1x10^22, 1.0x10^23 Pa·s) and three values of initial
slab dip (30^o, 45^o, 60^o). The models use a composite
viscosity in the upper mantle and were run for 2000 time-steps. The
instantaneous results show subducting plate speed and dynamic weakening
at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) increase with decreasing
inter-plate coupling, and peak for models with an initial dip of
45^o. For time-dependent models, subducting plate speed also
increases with decreasing inter-plate coupling. However, models with an
initial slab dip of 30^o produce the fastest subducting plate speeds
over time. The thickness of the dynamically weakened LAB evolves over
the course of subduction. The results indicate the subducting plate
velocity is correlated not only with the imposed inter-plate coupling,
but also with the dynamic weakening of the LAB region. The weaker the
inter-plate coupling, the easier for the slab to descend into the mantle
and dynamically weaken the asthenosphere due to the strain-rate
dependent rheology. This reduced viscous resistance to slab sinking
facilitates subducting plate and mantle flow over time, thus easing the
subduction process of plate tectonics.
AIDA: A Real-Time Global Ionosphere/Plasmasphere Data Assimilation Model
Authors: Reid Benjamin , Themens David R. , Elvidge Sean , Ahmed Mohammad Afraz , Wong Jenny , Ball Warrick
Published: January 2024

The Advanced Ionospheric Data Assimilation (AIDA) is a real-time data
assimilation model of global 3D ionosphere and plasmasphere electron
density. Changes in the local space environment can occur on very short
timescales, particularly during disturbed geomagnetic conditions. This
space weather has an impact on many modern systems including Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals and High Frequency radio
communications. To provide an ionospheric specification in real-time,
AIDA ingests data streams from over 2000 GNSS receivers, using
observations from both the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Galileo
constellations, along with ionosonde-derived characteristics from the
Global Ionosphere Radio Observatory (GIRO). These measurements are
assimilated using a particle filter into the empirical NeQuick
ionosphere model and Neustrelitz Plasmasphere Model (NPSM). The GNSS
receiver Differential Code Biases (DCBs) are solved self-consistently
using Rao-Blackwellized particle filtering. AIDA produces output at
three latencies, the real-time Ultra Rapid product, the near-real-time
Rapid product which operates at a 90-minute delay, and the Final product
with a one day lag. The Ultra Rapid and Rapid products also include
forecast products out to 6 hours ahead of real time.
A Remote Sensing-Based Method for Generating a Global Continuous Carbon Dioxide Concentration Dataset
Authors: Sun Huilin , Li Xuecao , Gurney Kevin R
Published: January 2024

The global carbon dioxide (CO) concentration has shown
a consistent and substantial increase over the years, representing the
dominant component of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Hence, there is an urgent
demand to accurately quantify a broad spectrum of CO
concentration at a fine-scale level to aid policymakers in making
informed decisions. Consequently, we present a novel method aimed at
addressing the scarcity of ground-based data, enabling the generation of
a globally large-scale, continuous CO concentration
data product.

In consideration of the requirements for temporal and spatial coverage
of remote sensing imagery, we opt for the Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra satellite, which provides
daily surface reflectance of MODIS bands 1 to 7 at resolutions of 500m
and 1km.

Carbon satellites have developed rapidly and performed well in
retrieving the vertically integrated atmospheric column
CO(XCO) concentrations, which can
provide independent top-down CO concentration
evaluations. Here, the new generated Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3
(OCO-3) with 1.6 km×2.2 km (across × along track) resolution is added
three Near Infrared (NIR) wavelength bands, which guarantees a higher
accuracy of XCO than OCO-2.

In this study, we propose a regression model-based method that leverages
MODIS data and OCO-3 XCO data for training regression
models and predicting CO concentrations. The proposed
method enables rapid establishment of the relationship between MODIS
surface reflectivity and CO concentration, facilitating
the generation of continuous CO concentration maps over
a large geographical area. Moreover, it offers reliable information for
regions lacking ground-based CO measurements, such as
suburban areas.

Additionally, to validate the accuracy of the generated XCO2 data
product, we utilize the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) as
an essential validation source. Upon evaluation, it was observed that
the relative errors for each month of the year 2020 at the respective
TCCON  sites consistently remained below 2%.  This finding suggests
that the proposed method possesses the potential for expansion to
additional geographical regions and temporal spans, whilst sustaining a
high level of precision.
Analysis of trends and drivers: Identifying water conservation opportunities in the Eskandari Watershed, Iran
Authors: Adeli Atefeh , Torabi Hassan
Published: January 2024

Water scarcity is a significant issue in Iran, especially on its central
plateau. Although climate change contributes to this problem,
mismanagement and over-exploitation of available water resources
worsened the situation. This study investigated water conservation
opportunities in the Eskandari watershed, a crucial agricultural region
in the Zayandeh-Rud River basin. We examined the trend of changes in all
the factors affecting water resources in this watershed, including
precipitation, discharge, leaf area index (LAI), inter-basin water
transfer, and groundwaters from 2004 to 2019 at an annual scale. The
classic Mann-Kendall (MK) and the non-parametric Trend-Free
pre-whitening Mann-Kendall (TFPW-MK) statistical tests were employed to
analyze the changing trends of these parameters over time. The results
indicated that precipitation, discharge, and cultivated area have not
shown any significant trend over 16 years. While in this period, the
inter-basin water transfer tunnel entered into the basin with an upward
trend, the water volume of all three aquifers experienced a drastic
negative trend, suggesting an imbalance between the inflow and outflow
of the watershed. Based on the groundwater depletion and the inter-basin
water transfer inflow, an estimated 336.14 million cubic meters of water
were consumed over the study period. This loss aligned with estimated
water wastage in the form of wind drift and evaporation losses (WDEL)
caused by the development of sprinkler irrigation systems in the study
area. To address water scarcity and conserve water resources in the
Eskandari watershed, it is essential to adopt sustainable irrigation
practices that consider reducing the pressure on aquifers.
Growth Hormone Receptor and PCSK9 Define a New Paradigm in the Initiation and Development of Chronic Kidney Disease as Revealed by Exome Sequencing on Illumina Platform
Authors: Nuglozeh Edem , Fazaludeen Mohammad Feroze , Deshpande Sumukh , Warille Aymen Ahmed , Şahin Mustafa Kürşat
Published: January 2024

Chronic kidney disease is a combination of many vascular diseases involving mutations of many genes. Hypertension diabetes and atherosclerosis are the most common causes of kidney disease, with hypertension causing just over a quarter of all cases of kidney failure and diabetes causing one-third of them. Other much less common conditions that can cause CKD include inflammation, infections, genetic factors, or longstanding blockage to the urinary system (such as enlarged prostate or kidney stones). In many cases, the causes remained unknown, albeit the manifestation of the diseases with clear phenotypes and biochemical profiles. Heredity and genetic determinants play major roles in the initiation, development, and establishment of CKD. Kidney disease phenotypes can be dissected into many underlying causing candidates’ genes and many molecular genetics approaches are striving to lift the veil on this nagging disease. Recent studies using genetic testing have demonstrated that Mendelian etiologies account for approximately 20% of cases of kidney disease of unknown etiology. CKD is known to be plagued with many genes mutations like mutation in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) and mutations in MYH9 and APOL1 genes, COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 genes playing important roles in the CKD picture. Genetic testing has modernized and revolutionized many areas of medical practices and diagnosis of many diseases and the field of nephrology is not an exception. The advance in Next-generation Sequencing, including whole exome sequencing has proven to be a powerful tool in personalized medicine and for potential noninvasive decryption for biomarkers in kidney disease thereby paving the way for better diagnostic purposes. In this regard, we run whole exome sequencing on whole blood genomic DNA from CKD patients. Bioinformatics analysis led us to uncover a total of more than 3000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To sort out these flurries of targeted SNPs, we undertook filtration using an R-algorithm in combination with the diseases association Clinvar database. This approach led us to 12 combined diagnostic missense variants scattered on different chromosomes. Combined missense reduction after FDR filtration with a Cellrate of 0.75 generated two missense variants located on PCSK9 and GHR genes on chromosomes 1 and 5 and lastly, reduction variants after Filtration by spliced region bring us to a single SNP located on the PCSK9 gene.
Artificial neural network and decision tree-based modelling of non-prosperity of companies
Authors: Durica Marek , Frnda Jaroslav , Svabova Lucia
Published: January 2024

Research background: Financial distress or non-prosperity prediction has been a widely discussed topic for several decades. Early detection of impending financial problems of the company is crucial for effective risk management and important for all entities involved in the company’s business activities. In this way, it is possible to take the actions in the management of the company and eliminate possible undesirable consequences of these problems.
Purpose of the article: This article aims to innovate financial distress prediction through the creation of individual models and ensembles, combining machine learning techniques such as decision trees and neural networks. These models are developed using real data. Beyond serving as an autonomous and universal tool especially useful in the Slovak economic conditions, these models can also represent a benchmark for Central European economies confronting similar economic dynamics.
Methods: The prediction models are created using a dataset consisting of more than 20 financial ratios of more than 19 thousand real companies. Partial models are created employing machine learning algorithms, namely decision trees and neural networks. Finally, all models are compared based on a wide range of selected performance metrics. During this process, we strictly use a data mining methodology CRISP-DM.
Findings & value added: The research contributes to the evolution of financial prediction and reveals the effectiveness of ensemble modelling in predicting financial distress, achieving an overall predictive ability of nearly 90 percent. Beyond its Slovak origins, this study provides a framework for early financial distress prediction. Although the models are created for diverse industries within the Slovak economy, they could also be useful beyond national borders. Moreover, the CRISP-DM methodological framework enables its adaptability for companies in other countries.
Public service motivation and job satisfaction: The role of social support during crisis
Authors: Rollnik-Sadowska Ewa , Slavković Marko , Bercu Ana-Maria , Bugarčić Marijana
Published: January 2024

Research background: Different crises (COVID-19 pandemic, war, natural disasters etc.) usually require new ways for providing public services to the citizens and, from this, to reinterpret and adjust the role of the public servant as the strategic key for assuring the continuity of the governance at all levels.
Purpose of the article: The article establishes a relationship between the public service motivation dimension and job satisfaction aimed to analyze the mediating role of social support in a crisis.
Methods: The standardized questionnaires, i.e. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, Work Design Questionnaire, and Perry’s PSM scale, were used to observe variables in the research model. An exploratory factor analysis was used before hypothesis testing. We deployed a structural equation modelling (SEM), as a multivariate technique, to test and evaluate multivariate causal relationships between constructs.
Findings & value added: Based on a sample of selected Central and East European countries (namely Poland, Romania, and Serbia), the study confirms the significant impact of social support on the relationship between self-sacrifice and compassion, as a public service motivation dimension, and extrinsic job satisfaction and intrinsic job satisfaction. Social support received from colleagues and supervisor is identified as a powerful non-monetary means of neutralizing negative effects during crises and increasing job satisfaction.
EXPRESSION OF CASPASE 3 IN RAT LIVER CELLS BY MAXIMUM PHYSICAL EXERCISE AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF GAGATAN HARIMAU NANOHERBAL (Paraboea leuserensis B.L.Burtt)
Authors: Ashfira  , Syafruddin Ilyas  , Tanjung Masitta
Published: January 2024

This research aims to analyse Expression of Caspase 3 in Rat Liver Cells With Maximum Physical Exercise After Administration of Gagatan Harimau Nanoherbal (Paraboea leuserensis B.L.Burtt). The research was conducted in April-June 2023. The research location was the Animal Physiology Laboratory and Experimental Animal House, Department of Biology, FMIPA USU, PT. Synergy of Indonesian Nanotech, South Tangerang, Banten and the Anatomic Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra, Medan. There were 6 treatments in the study, namely control group (K-), maximum physical exercise (K+), maximum physical exercise + Vitamin C at a dose of 2 mg/Kg Body Weight (P1), maximum physical exercise + Gagatan Harimau nanoherbal 100 mg/Kg BW (P2 ), Maximum physical exercise + Gagatan Harimau nanoherbal dose 125 mg/Kg BW (P3), Maximum physical exercise + Gagatan Harimau nanoherbal dose 150 mg/Kg BW (P4). The data obtained from each observation parameter (variable) is recorded and presented in table form. The data was then analyzed using SPSS version 25 software with significant differences determined at p<0.05. The results of the study showed significant differences between all groups (p<0.05) in the expression of caspase 3 in the liver. A dose of 150 mg/Kg BW from the nanoherbal Gagatan Harimau leaves (Paraboea leuserensis B.L.Burtt) reduced the expression of caspase 3 in rat liver. The induction of gagatan harimau leaf nanoherbal to act as an antioxidant in male rats given swimming physical training showed improvements in liver histology and morphology. The dose of 150 mg/KgBW of nanoherbal gagatan harimau leaves was the best dose because it showed cell regeneration that was close to the normal treatment group.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENGIDENTIFIKASI HEWAN PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V MIS AL-KHAIRAAT TADA KECAMATAN TINOMBO SELATAN
Authors: Maragau Rusdaniati H , Arda Arda , Adawiyah Siti Rabiatul
Published: January 2024

The background of this research is the condition of students at MIS Al-Khairaat Tada who did not understand the science learning material. The learning carried out is conventional and not student-centered. This research starts from the problem of whether there is an effect of implementing the STAD type cooperative learning model on the ability to identify animals in class V students at MIS Al-Khairaat Tada? The sample for this research was 13 class V students of MIS Al-Khairaat Tada. This study uses a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques through tests, observation and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are normality test, regression test and hypothesis test. Hypothesis testing using the t test obtained a significance value of 0,000. This value is smaller than 0,05 so Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. These results indicate that there is an influence of the application of the STAD type cooperative learning model on the ability to identify animals in class V students at MIS Al-Khairaat Tada.
DISTOPIA DALAM NOVEL TERJEMAHAN THE LONG WALK KARYA STEPHEN KING (KAJIAN PSIKOLOGI ABNORMAL DAVISON)
Authors: Putra Natanael Ricky , Dermawan Taufik
Published: January 2024

Novel The Long Walk karya Stephen King memiliki muatan distopia dan abnormalitas. Distopia merupakan kondisi berlatar masa depan yang penuh dengan kehancuran. Untuk itulah, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bentuk-bentuk distopia dan dampaknya dalam novel The Long Walk karya Stephen King. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan data berupa dialog dan paragraf dalam novel The Long Walk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kehidupan dehumanisasi, penyeragaman harapan, penggunaan propaganda sebagai kontrol masyarakat, serta adanya ideologi yang salah. Bentuk-bentuk distopia di atas yang pada akhirnya memicu perilaku abnormal para tokohnya, seperti mengidap skizofrenia, perilaku menyimpang hiperseks, dan pembunuhan massal berkedok perlombaan.
Investigation of thrombogenic risk factors in young adult male sportsmen
Authors: Wysocki Kamil , Koszarska Magdalena , Bartel Iga , Ksepka Natalia , Tomasik Cyprian , Słomko Witold , Kamińska Agnieszka , Szafrańska Karina , Małachowska Ewa Dorota , Małachowska Dominika , Wiciński Michał
Published: January 2024

The study aimed to check the impact of sportsmen’s physical activity on blood coagulation processes and myocardial micro injuries in young adult male sportsmen. Comparing the results of athletes before and after 6 months of the training season, a statistically significant increase in the following parameters: PT (12.03±0.76 vs. 13.51±0.72 s; p<0.01), INR (1.03±0.07 vs. 1.14±0.06; p<0.01), APPT (28.73±3.27 vs. 33.31±5.63 s; p<0.01) and TT (20.62±0.97 vs. 22.49 ±1.41 s; p<0.01) was observed. Analyzing the results between the control group and the study group before training, the following changes were observed: APTT (35.26±6.74 vs. 28.73±3.27 s; p<0.01), HGMCR (750.17±59.23 vs. 569.38±51.24 ng/L; p <0.01) and L-FABP (329.16±92.04 vs. 151.80±70.10 ng/L; p=0.02) and an increase in H-FABP level (2.75±1.32 vs. 4.14±1.30 ng/mL; p<0.01). Comparing the values between the control group and the study group, but after training, an increase in the value for PT (12.88±1.41 vs. 13.51±0.72 s; p = 0.02), INR (1.09±0.13 vs. 1.14±0.06; p=0.02), TT (20.64±1.43 vs. 22.49±1.41 s; p<0.01) and H-FABP (2.75±1.32 vs. 3.94±1.47 ng/L; p<0.01) and decrease in HGMCR activity (750.17±59.23 vs. 581.47±51.25 ng/L; p<0.01) were observed. There was also a strong positive correlation between HGMCR and H-FABP (r = 0.77) and a strong negative correlation between TT and Fb (r = -0.808) and between TT and APTT (r = -0.424). Summarizing our study, we confirm that physical activity in sportsmen, especially overtraining, may have an impact on blood coagulation processes and may also lead to microdamage of the heart muscle.
Minor age difference substantially affects renal function in conscious and anaesthetized rats*
Authors: Sitek-Dębska Joanna Dorota , Walkowska Agnieszka , Kuczeriszka Marta , Dobrowolski Leszek
Published: January 2024

In this study we re-examined the postulate that in the rat age-related body metabolism and kidney function changes progress only slowly. Thus we checked whether a moderate between-animal age distance may cause any marked difference, which could affect interpretation of experimental results. Food and water consumption, renal sodium and potassium excretion and haemodynamics were lower in rats aged 15 versus 9 weeks. In turn, hematocrit, mean arterial pressure, and renal vascular resistance were significantly higher in older animals, whereas renal excretion of NO3-/NO2- and vascular endothelial growth factor A and in situ renal tissue NO signal did not differ. Evidently, an age older by 6 weeks was associated with decreased hydration, tone of systemic and renal blood vessels, and renal excretion. In conclusion, since the actual age is an important determinant of the animal’s functional status, accurate age-matching of experimental groups is a necessary pre-condition for correct data interpretation.
Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) in Western Balkans between aspirations and reality
Authors: Vito Diamanta , Rakar Iztok
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to discuss the current situation on GRB as a tool to make budgets gender-responsive and achieve gender equality in Western Balkans. Apart from exploring the gap between the aspiration in implementing the GRB instruments and tools from one side and the obstacles encountered which are bound to be specific for any country or region. The general method used is the conceptual analyses as well as content analyses will be starting points when scrutinizing policy-papers that policymakers as well as programs of UN, UN Woman, EU and other foreign agencies are trying to implement in WB. Despite numerous gender policies having been adopted in Western Balkans over the last few decades, significant gender inequalities are persisting and there are gender policy implementation gaps. The paper concludes that there is a need to have sound laws and policies that meet the equivalent demand to implement them. Integrated GRB initiatives with gender equality goals could provide the basis for better gender equality outcomes and ownership from the central and local government administration, which is crucial in the long term and sustainable gender equality.
Reintegration of juveniles in contact or conflict with the law in Albania
Authors: Kerka Ela
Published: January 2024

This paperwork investigates the issue of reintegration of juveniles in conflict or contact with the Law in Albania, analyzing the national and international legal instruments that have influenced the development of juveniles justice. The main principles of this system, such as the well-being of children, respect for their dignity, their right to a fair trial, and special treatment, emphasized in the Convention on the Rights of the Children have already become part of Albania’s legislation. To achieve the reintegration of children into society and prevent them from returning to further violations, the need for a friendly approach to their treatment by the justice system has been emphasized. This includes educating juveniles about their mistakes and supporting them to improve themselves in the right way. The most effective way to achieve this is to use juvenile-friendly justice systems, based on the principle of the best interest of the juvenile and avoid their isolation in criminal institutions as a last mean for rehabilitation and reintegration.

The purpose of this paperwork is to address and emphasize the role of legislation, responsible bodies and the entire system in the reintegration of juveniles into society and the ways of achieving this reintegration.
In vivo anthelmintic potentials of Gongronema latifolium and Picralima nitida against gastrointestinal parasite (Heligmosomoides bakeri)
Authors: Ojo F. T. , Idowu O. A. , Ademolu K. O. , Olukunle J. O.
Published: January 2024

Gastrointestinal parasites which are responsible for soil-transmitted helminthiases cause illness globally. The control of helminthiasis depends on mass distribution of anthelmintics which has been reported for its resistance, toxicity and low efficacy. In this study, anthelmintic potentials of Gongronema latifolium and Picralima nitida which have wide application in traditional medicine were determined in vivo using Heligmosomoides bakeri a naturally occurring gastro-intestinal parasite of rodents that is closely related to highly prevalent human nematode parasites.

Extracts of P. nitida at 500 mg/kg had higher (p< 0.05) chemosuppression (92.45 %) than extracts of G. latifolium (65.82 %) and was highly comparable to albendazole (92.61 %). As the dose of the extracts increased from 300 to 500 mg/kg body weight, chemosuppression of 84.91 % and 92.45 % (P. nitida) and 43.54 % and 65.82 % (G. latifolium) respectively were produced. The extract of P. nitida gave deparasitization rates (p<0.05) of 72.60 % and 77.16 % at 300g/kg and 500mg/kg of body weight respectively. The glucose level and protein content reduced (p<0.05) in mice treated with extract of P. nitida when compared with extract of G. latifolium and untreated mice. Phytochemical screening revealed that P. nitida and G. latifolium contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and polyphenols. Acute toxicity studies showed that Gongronema latifolium and Picralima nitida have no apparent toxic effect in mice even at the dose of 5000 mg/kg.

Extracts of P. nitida and G. latifolium have anthelmintic properties that are dose-dependent, and this could offer potential lead for the development of safe, effective and affordable anthelmintics.
Impact of anthropogenous environmental factors on the marine ecosystem of trophically transmitted helminths and hosting seabirds: Focus on North Atlantic, North Sea, Baltic and the Arctic seas
Authors: Schwantes U.
Published: January 2024

Alongside natural factors, human activities have a major impact on the marine environment and thus influence processes in vulnerable ecosystems. The major purpose of this review is to summarise the current understanding as to how manmade factors influence the marine biocenosis of helminths, their intermediate hosts as well as seabirds as their final hosts. Moreover, it highlights current knowledge gaps regarding this ecosystem, which should be closed in order to gain a more complete understanding of these interactions. This work is primarily focused on helminths parasitizing seabirds of the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean.

The complex life cycles of seabird helminths may be impacted by fishing and aquaculture, as they interfere with the abundance of fish and seabird species, while the latter also affects the geographical distribution of intermediate hosts (marine bivalve and fish species), and may therefore alter the intertwined marine ecosystem. Increasing temperatures and seawater acidification as well as environmental pollutants may have negative or positive effects on different parts of this interactive ecosystem and may entail shifts in the abundance or regional distribution of parasites and/or intermediate and final hosts. Organic pollutants and trace elements may weaken the immune system of the hosting seabirds and hence affect the final host’s ability to control the endoparasites. On the other hand, in some cases helminths seem to function as a sink for trace elements resulting in decreased concentrations of heavy metals in birds’ tissues. Furthermore, this article also describes the role of helminths in mass mortality events amongst seabird populations, which beside natural causes (weather, viral and bacterial infections) have anthropogenous origin as well (e.g. oil spills, climate change, overfishing and environmental pollution).
First data on parasites of the invasive brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) in Ukraine
Authors: Tkachenko M. Yu. , Dudliv I. , Kvach Y. , Dykyi I. , Nazaruk K. , Ondračková M.
Published: January 2024

This study describes the parasite community of non-native brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae), collected at three sites in the river Vistula Basin (Lake Svitiaz, Lake Pisochne, and Lake on Plastova) and one site in the river Diester Basin (Lake Stryiska), in Ukraine. Our data represent the first comprehensive study of parasite community in this fish species in Europe. Sixteen parasite taxa were found, including species co-introduced from North America and species acquired in the European range. Maximum parasite richness (13 spp.) was recorded in Lake Svitiaz situated in a Natural Protected Area, while lowest species richness (3 spp.) was observed at Lake on Plastova, an artificial pond in the city of Lviv. Three co-introduced monogenean species, Gyrodactylus nebulosus, Ligictaluridus pricei and Ligictaluridus monticellii, are recorded in Ukraine for the first time, widening the knowledge of the European distribution of these North American parasites. Metric features for hard parts of invasive and native monogeneans showed overlap in ligictalurid parasites, but slightly smaller metrics in Ukrainian G. nebulosus, possibly reflecting water temperature during fish sampling. Though prevalence and abundance of acquired parasites was relatively low, infection parameters for metacercariae of Diplostomum spp. were relatively high at Lake Svitiaz and the natural Lake Stryiska in Lviv. In two lakes in the Vistula basin, we found high prevalence and abundance of Anguillicola crassus, an Asian nematode infecting eels, possibly supporting the invasional meltdown hypothesis. Our study confirms both further spread of non-native parasites in Europe and use of non-native fish as competent hosts for local native and introduced parasites.
Do Financial Markets Allow the Independence of Central Banks?
Authors: Miró Damià Rey , Piffaut Pedro , Zurdo Ricardo Palomo
Published: January 2024

The research work presented below addresses the possible concern of central bank independence through the development and application of econometric models. The complexity of the modelling has allowed a step further in corroborating that financial independence is not only linked to the appointments and pressures of the states regarding their economic policy but also the role that financial markets play by acting as a force that dictates and contaminates decisions of central banks. In this sense, the paper proposes a theoretical basis for recommendations on the application of the new monetary policy in a more complex environment, both due to the pandemic that was sweeping the world and the bulky debt that countries are carrying. The paper concludes with a series of measures and suggestions that could be addressed by monetary policymakers given the necessary but not easy normalization of monetary policy required at the global level.
Monetary Policy Between Stability and Growth
Authors: Fabris Nikola
Published: January 2024

The global financial crisis and the coronavirus pandemic were marked by expansionary policies of key central banks in an attempt to stop the recession. The degree of expansiveness of monetary policy was unprecedented. As a result of expansionary policies, global inflation has been present since 2021. The change in the macroeconomic environment has led to a turnaround in monetary policy pursuits and a rapid rise in reference interest rates. The FED reacted much faster than the ECB and that is why inflation was lower in the USA compared to the euro area. All announcements for 2023 point to the continuation of contractionary policies.

The subject of the paper’s analysis is the monetary policy of key central banks, as well as expectations for the next period. The paper raises the question of whether central banks have gone from one extreme of overly expansionary monetary policy to the other extreme of overly contractionary monetary policy and whether such policies carry the risk of reoccurrence of recession. The paper also contains recommendations for improving existing monetary policy regimes, as well as for creating a completely new monetary policy regime which will be based on two nominal anchors.
Assessing the Banking Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina: An Analysis of Financial Indicators through the MEREC and MARCOS Methods
Authors: Mastilo Zoran , Štilić Anđelka , Gligović Dejan , Puška Adis
Published: January 2024

The banking sector assumes a pivotal role in the economic development of nations. The assessment of financial indicators pertaining to banks holds fundamental importance in the evaluation of bank stability and sustainability. This research employs the MEREC (Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria) and MARCOS (Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution) methodologies to delve deeper into the financial landscape of the banking sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Specifically, the objective is to rank banks according to their financial indicators, utilizing financial data from the year 2022. The MEREC method is applied to gauge the significance of financial indicators and ascertain their respective weights, while the MARCOS method is employed to rank banks within BiH based on their financial indicators. The examination of financial indicators within the BiH banking sector, facilitated by the MEREC and MARCOS methodologies, yields a more comprehensive understanding of the sector’s present condition. Limitations of this research, which primarily stem from its reliance on available financial data and predefined methodologies, lies within limited consideration for external factors. To provide a broader contextual perspective, the inclusion of additional financial indicators and comparative analyses with banking sectors of other nations would be imperative. The findings of this research reveal that Raiffeisen Bank exhibits the most favourable financial indicators and demonstrates the highest level of efficiency within this context. Consequently, this research offers insights into identifying exemplary banks that can serve as models for enhancing the performance of others.
The Impact of Energy on Climate and Economic Stability: Forecast for Serbia
Authors: Backović Nemanja , Jakšić Miomir , Ilić Bojan
Published: January 2024

In the conditions of modern business environment of energy companies, studies of their impact on environmental protection are becoming increasingly important. The growing concern at the macro level of the resulting climate change due to energy production is justified. The ecological component in the business of energy entities is becoming a priority for the sustainable development of energy, and therefore must be thoroughly examined. The focus of this paper is to determine the impact of energy on climate change through the emission of Greenhouse Gases on the example of the Republic of Serbia. The paper also examines the long-term interdependence between key economic and energy indicators at the national level. The IPAT/Kaya identity was used for research purposes and three alternative scenarios of energy development in Serbia until year 2050 were developed. The obtained results point to different possibilities for the development of energy and its impact on climate. The importance of promoting renewable energy sources for environmental protection and overall economic stability is also pointed out through proposed alternative scenarios. Significant results were obtained for the predicted level of energy intensity for the observed period, suggesting how the development of energy in Serbia could affect economic stability until 2050.
Two New Arthoniales Species (Lichenized Ascomycota) From Brazil
Authors: Silva Tássio Ewerton Ferino , Da Silva Mabel Sherlla Rozendo Campos , Dos Santos Maiara Araújo Lima , Cáceres Marcela Eugenia da Silva , Aptroot André , Vitória Nadja Santos
Published: January 2024

Objective: The present work aimed to describe, comment, and illustrate two new lichenized species of Ascomycota.
 
Method: Morphological analyses of the samples were performed at the Laboratory in the State University of Bahia (UNEB), Campus VIII. The lichen thalli were observed using a stereomicroscope (Zeiss); chemical treatments were performed to observe the microscopic structures of the lichens after exposure to 10% KOH (potassium hydroxide), lactophenol (cotton blue), Melzer’s reagent, chlorine, and viewed under UV light. The chemical compositions of the lichen were examined using thin layer chromatography (TLC) at the Biochemical Laboratory of the Federal University of Pernambuco.
 
Results and conclusion: Stirtonia juaensis and Cryptothecia paramacrocephala are two new lichenized species of Ascomycota found colonizing the plants Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Umbuzeiro) and Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. (Quipembe) in the Caatinga phytogeographical domain near the village of Juá in the municipality of Paulo Afonso, within the Raso da Catarina Ecoregion in northern Bahia State, Brazil.
 
Originality/value: Research related to lichen taxonomy in Brazil is still scarce, especially in the Caatinga. The new species of Stirtonia and Cryptothecia described and illustrated in this work expand the knowledge about fungi in Brazil.
The association between tobacco use and depression among medical students at King Saud University
Authors: Alduraywish Shatha , Aldossari Khalid , Aldossari Naif , Alghamdi Meshal , Alothmani Mohammed , Aliyyar Bader , Odeh Omar
Published: January 2024

Objective:
To assess the association between tobacco use and depression among medical students.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed between September, 2020 and April, 2021 using a self-administered questionnaire, distributed to 390 enrolled medical students at King Saud University. Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) instrument was used to assess depressive symptoms. Smoking status and sociodemographic details were also documented.
Results:
Out of 390 participants, 24.4% (n = 94) participants had depressive symptoms. Based on smoking status, majority of the study participants were non-smokers (88.9%), while only (11.1%) were current smokers, and out of non-smokers, (3.5%) were former smokers (n=12). The prevalence of depressive symptoms among smokers was 30.2% (n=13). The study showed that current smokers were 1.4 times more likely to have depressive symptoms than nonsmokers, the overall Beck's depression Inventory score for all study participants was 11. Based on this, it was categorized as mild mood disturbance. However, this association was not statistically significant (p value= 0.34). Students in the first year had the highest BDI scores, and the students in the fourth year had the lowest BDI scores.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students was 24.4% (n= 94). The association between depression and smoking was not statistically significant. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to explore this association among medical students. Medical universities are encouraged to provide adequate psychosocial support for their students including culturally appropriate programs.