bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zastosowanie danych scrapowanych w pomiarze dynamiki cen
Authors: Juszczak Adam
Published: March 2021

Web‑scraping to technika, którą można wykorzystać do automatycznego pozyskiwania danych zamieszczonych na stronach internetowych. Wraz ze wzrostem popularności zakupów on‑line coraz więcej sklepów i usługodawców zainwestowało w strony WWW z ofertą cenową. Przekłada się to na możliwość automatycznego ściągania przez badaczy cen detalistów z wielu branż, m.in. odzieżowej czy spożywczej. Wykorzystanie danych scrapowanych skutkuje nie tylko znaczącym obniżeniem kosztów badania cen, ale także poprawia precyzję szacunków inflacji i daje możliwość śledzenia jej w czasie rzeczywistym. Z tego względu web‑scraping jest dziś popularnym obiektem badań zarówno ośrodków statystycznych (Eurostat, brytyjski Office of National Statistics, belgijski Statbel), jak i uniwersytetów (m.in. Billion Prices Project prowadzony w Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Zastosowanie danych scrapowanych do liczenia inflacji wiąże się jednak z wieloma wyzwaniami na poziomie ich zbierania, przetwarzania oraz agregacji. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie możliwości wykorzystania danych scrapowanych do analizy dynamiki cen zabawek, a w szczególności porównanie wyników uzyskanych za pomocą różnych formuł indeksowych. W opracowaniu przedstawiono wynik badania empirycznego na podstawie danych pochodzących z czterech sklepów (z 53 wybranych produktów sprzedawanych w Amazonie, Wallmarcie, Smarterkids oraz KBkids).
Türkiye’de Koruyucu ve Önleyici Ruh Sağlığı Uygulamaları: Sosyal Hizmet Uzmanları ve Hastaların Deneyimlerine Dair Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: GÖZEN Özlem , BUZ Sema
Published: March 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı koruyucu ve önleyici ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin TRSM’lerde çalışan sosyal hizmet uzmanları ve bu merkezlerden hizmet alan hastaların deneyimleri üzerinden değerlendirilmesidir. Bu araştırma katılımcıların toplum temelli ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin koruyucu ve önleyici boyutuna ilişkin deneyim ve değerlendirmelerini ortaya koymak amacıyla nitel olarak tasarlanmıştır. Veriler betimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında altı farklı TRSM’de çalışan altı sosyal hizmet uzmanı ve bu merkezlerden hizmet alan on üç hasta ile görüşülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda TRSM’lerin tedavi ve takibin sürekliliğini sağlayarak uzun süreli yataklı tedaviye bir alternatif oluşturduğu, yatış sıklıklarının azaltılmasını sağladığı, hastaların sosyal işlevselliklerinin, iletişim becerilerinin ve buna bağlı olarak da özgüvenlerinin artmasına katkı sağladığı bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca toplumun ruhsal hastalıklar konusunda bilgisiz olduğu, bu bilgisizliğin damgalanma ve ayrımcılığı beraberinde getirdiği, bu damgalanmaya ek olarak yetersiz sosyal politika tedbirlerinin ruhsal hastalığa sahip bireylerin istihdamı önünde engel oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma bulgularına istinaden sosyal politikaların yeniden düzenlenmesi ve TRSM’lerde çalışan sosyal hizmet uzmanı sayısının arttırılması önerilmiştir.
Kars İlinde İntihar ve İntihar Girişimlerinin Üç Yıllık Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Handan , KAYA Fadime , BOSTANCI Nihal
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada 2016-2018 yılları arasında Kars ilindeki intihar olgularının yöntem, neden ve yaşama durumlarına göre değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Retrospektif desende yürütülen araştırmanın örneklemini 2016-2018 yılları arasında 22 intihar ve 146 intihar girişimi olmak üzere 168 intihar olgusu oluşturdu. Araştırma verileri Veri Toplama Formu aracılığı ile toplandı. İntihar ve intihar girişiminde bulunanların %62,5’i kadın (n=105), %37,5’i erkektir (n = 63). İntiharların 35 yaş ve üzeri (%50), ilkokul-ortaokul mezunu (%72,7) ve yaz mevsiminde olması (%40,9) dikkati çekmektedir. Olguların intihar nedeni ile eğitim durumu ve yaşama durumu arasında; intihar yöntemi ile cinsiyet, eğitim durumu ve yaşama durumu arasında; yaşama durumu ile yaş grubu ve eğitim durumu arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki belirlendi. Sonuç olarak intihar, şiddet içeren yöntemlerle, bireysel nedenlerle, düşük eğitim düzeyi ve 35 ve üzeri yaş ile ilişkilidir. İntihar girişimi, şiddet içermeyen yöntemler ile ilişkilidir.
Wheat flour fortification and human health
Authors:   Food Fortification Initiative and Emory University, USA, Pachón Helena
Published: March 2021

Using varied study designs (none of which can confirm causality), investigators assessed the health impact of wheat flour fortification after it was implemented at large scale in countries. Folic acid was the most studied nutrient and the most studied outcomes were neural tube defects, cancer, folate status, folate deficiency, anemia, iron deficiency, iron status, hemoglobin and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). For all of these outcomes except IDA, the majority of studies showed improvements after fortification. For some of the outcomes (cancer, anemia, hemoglobin, folate deficiency), there were studies that indicated health outcomes worsened after fortification. The discrepant results for cancer may be due to years since fortification initiated and sample size differences. The preponderance of the evidence suggests that wheat flour fortification improves many health outcomes. Because fortification may also be associated with negative health outcomes such as cancer, health monitoring should continue to assess these outcomes in countries with fortification.
REPERCUSSÕES DO PLANO NACIONAL DE FORMAÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA (PARFOR) NO PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE SOB O OLHAR DO ESTUDANTE DE PEDAGOGIA
Authors: Zukowsky Tavares Cristina , Keller-Franco Elize , Karoline de Carvalho Dayse , Oliveira de Araújo Catherine , Ribeiro Costa Leite Elnaque
Published: March 2021

O estudo propõe avaliar a repercussão do Plano Nacional de Formação dos Professores da Educação Básica (PARFOR) na formação docente de concluintes do curso de pedagogia de um Centro Universitário em São Paulo. O estudo de natureza qualitativa teve como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário que envolveu questões abertas objetivando caracterizar o perfil dos participantes, suas perspectivas profissionais, contribuições recebidas em processo e encaminhamentos que realizam ao curso formador. Para a análise dos dados, as respostas dos participantes foram organizadas em três eixos temáticos que passaram a nortear a discussão dos resultados da pesquisa em diálogo com a literatura específica da área. Os resultados expressam contribuições da formação na visão de mundo e educação dos pesquisados, destacando-se também a satisfação com o reconhecimento e valorização profissional almejado ao receberem o título de “professores”.
A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES E A EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA
Authors: Gomes Lima Paulo , Marthendal Oliveira Santos Jociane
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma breve discussão a respeito da formação do profissional da educação, com foco na educação especial, principalmente a educação inclusiva. Para que realmente aconteça a inclusão é preciso que os professores invistam nas potencialidades de seus estudantes, atendendo às suas necessidades e propondo uma aprendizagem que favoreça o seu desenvolvimento. O processo formativo, inicial e continuado, requer investimentos maiores na educação e nos profissionais que nela atuam. Acredita-se que tal investimento contribuirá para minimizar as práticas pedagógicas excludentes. Sendo assim, é urgente a formação docente especializada, tendo em vista que a inclusão requer não somente a inserção do aluno com deficiência em sala de aula, mas uma educação onde são respeitadas as diferenças e peculiaridades de cada indivíduo e sua deficiência, buscando assegurar para todos os alunos o direito de aprender.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE AS PRÁTICAS DOS DOCENTES NA REDE PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO COM O MATERIAL PADRONIZADO APOSTILADO
Authors: Do Prado Jefferson Antonio
Published: March 2021

Este artigo aponta a relação entre o trabalho dos docentes em uma rede pública municipal e a utilização do material apostilado utilizado em sala de aula. O estudo partiu de uma revisão bibliográfica e realizou uma pesquisa qualitativa através de um questionário aplicado a professores de língua portuguesa em escolas municipais no interior de São Paulo. Tais docentes trabalham vinculados à secretaria de Educação a qual, por meio de licitação pública, utiliza os didáticos apostilados produzidos por uma empresa que pertence ao mercado editorial educacional. Os resultados investigados apontam que tais apostilas de ensino advindos de um mercado de editoração educacional, ainda que organizem, definam e programem o trabalho pedagógico do professor, estabelecem  parâmetros e regras que  direcionam o funcionamento e, sobretudo, controlam os comportamentos, procedimentos e resultados de diretores, coordenadores, alunos e, em especial, dos docentes que se apropriam do material.
PRÓS E CONTRAS DO ENSINO REMOTO
Authors: Fuckner Malton de Oliveira
Published: March 2021

O texto propõe uma reflexão sobre aulas remotas no contexto de suspensão do ensino presencial devido à pandemia do Covid-19. Sob a análise crítica de Alves (2020),  por meio de um estudo de caso utilizando o projeto Conexão como objeto de análise, procurou-se propor um contraponto aos argumentos contrários à adoção das aulas remotas no ensino privado. O projeto Conexão compreende aulões por meio de lives e videoconferência no contraturno para turmas de ensino médio. O estudo de caso usou questionário, registros eletrônicos do YouTube, WhatsApp e o aplicativo mentimeter.com, além de fontes documentais, como campo de pesquisa. Inferiu-se que, devidamente inteirados, escola, família e estudantes têm diante de si elementos suficientes para a construção de aulas online a fim de adotá-las de forma sistemática, ainda que com limitações.
How Does the Law Surrounding Surrogacy Need Reforming in the UK?
Authors: Nojib Aliyah , O'Connell Brodie , Ord Lilly , Williams Megan , Nelson Shannon
Published: March 2021

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Are There Enough Safeguards In Place To Protect Victims Of Online / Social Media Abuse And Sexual Exploitation?
Authors: Parkin Isabelle , Nixon Caitlin , Olafare Mobolanle , Mutch Sophie , O’Brien Matthew
Published: March 2021

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Challenge as Physician to Diagnose Pediatric Patient with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: A case report and literature review
Authors: Rizki Niken Ageng
Published: March 2021

Background : Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is the reflux of backflow of gastric acid or refluxate that usually affects the throat and laryngopharynx. Many physicians are unable to differentiate between pediatric LPR with pneumonia. Laryngopharyngeal reflux needs to be widely known and understood by a physician because there are relationships between upper and lower airway disease. In pediatric, LPR may also contribute to many problems in the respiratory tract, the clinical manifestation of pediatric LPR, and remains a challenge for physicians.

Objective : To emphasize the new diagnostic symptoms and signs instrument for pediatric LPR using a fiber-optic laryngoscope, also to remind the correlation between the upper and lower respiratory tract and factors which contribute to pediatric airway.

Case : A case of a 21-month-old girl with sudden onset of hoarseness, stridor, and wheezing was diagnosed with pneumonia, further investigation showed reflux symptoms, vocal cord abnormalities, and subglottic edema that suggest LPR was the final diagnosis.

Conclusion : Pediatric LPR may be difficult to diagnose, there are many differential diagnosis, symptoms, and signs that may occur. The new diagnostic instrument can be used for diagnosing pediatric LPR, it is feasible and applicable in daily practice. Laryngopharyngeal reflux needs to be understood and considered as a differential diagnosis for coughing, hoarseness, in children despite the diagnosis challenge.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA E TRABALHO DOCENTE NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: UMA RELAÇÃO ANTAGÔNICA
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Jeann Bruno , Da Rocha Silva Mônica Aparecida , Rodrigues Waldecy
Published: March 2021

Introdução: os docentes do ensino superior no Brasil além de lecionar aulas, dividem suas atribuições entre projetos de extensão, orientações de discentes e pesquisas acadêmicas. A crescente oferta de matrículas no ensino superior e a criação de novas universidades tem ampliado também a criação de programas de pós-graduação. Este processo, naturalmente capacita o docente para multifacetar sua atuação, seja por meio de programas de mestrado ou doutorado. Objetivo: analisar a produção científica acerca da Qualidade de Vida (QV) de Docentes do Ensino Superior. Metodologia: pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza descritiva com abordagem cienciométrica para análise e tratamento dos dados. Resultados e discussão: foram encontradas 78 publicações e, ao aplicar os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram o total de 22. A maioria dos artigos (45%) foram publicados no ano de 2015, 36% foram publicados na região Sul, dos autores principais 54% possuem titulação de doutor, 45% objetivaram avaliar a QV dos profissionais docentes e as classificações de maior prevalência foram A2 e A1. Considerações finais: pontuou-se a escassez de pesquisas no sobre a temática na base de dados da SsciELO e que é necessário tornar visível o processo de trabalho destes profissionais para possíveis intervenções no âmbito universitário.

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Palavras-chave: qualidade de vida; docente; ensino superior.
CONSELHO MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DE PALMAS: CRIAÇÃO, COMPOSIÇÃO, FUNÇÕES E AÇÕES
Authors: Alencar Lima Jorcelyo , Brito Tavares Jacira , Brito Tavares Jacinta
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as funções e ações do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Palmas-TO, fundada nos conceitos e princípios universais dos Conselhos Gestores e de Educação, quer seja no âmbito federal, estadual ou municipal. O aparato teórico se ancorou em teses, dissertações e artigos científicos para iluminar o processo investigatório, no sentido de se estabelecerem como parâmetros para análise dos dados coletados através da observação in loco, levantamento de documentos e realização de entrevistas com a presidência e conselheiros da instituição. Face a análise desde os dados históricos da criação, da composição, funções e ações do referido Conselho, a pesquisa nos encaminha a conclusões prévias que assume o Conselho como cumpridor das funções fundantes, como normativa, consultiva, fiscalizadora, propositiva e de controle social, em detrimento da função mobilizadora que compromete o diálogo e a coparticipação da comunidade, para que possa exercer a cidadania em seu sentido pleno.
Alegoria do patrimônio
Authors: Oliveira André Araujo de
Published: March 2021

As argumentações desenvolvidas por Françoise Choay em Alegoria do património se ancoram, reiteradamente, em demonstrações etimológicas cujo pressuposto fundamental é assinalar as transfigurações das relações estabelecidas entre os seres humanos e as suas edificações ocorridas nos últimos séculos no Ocidente e em países como o Japão e a China. Deste modo, à designação “patrimônio”, cujo abarcamento restringia-se originalmente às propriedades hereditárias, foram acrescentadas categorias mais abrangentes, tal como o complemento “histórico” (CHOAY, 2014, p. 11). Enquanto o monumento é uma obra espontânea, seja auxiliar da rememoração ou da magnificência das localidades, o monumento histórico é produto de uma distinção artificial (CHOAY, 2014, p. 17-25). A destruição de um monumento pode se dar por diversos fatores, humanos ou naturais, mas ao monumento histórico é pressuposta uma irrestrita proteção (CHOAY, 2014, p. 25-26).
ENTROPÍA Y NEGUENTROPÍA: UNA APROXIMACIÓN AL PROCESO DE DIFUSIÓN DE CONTAMINANTES Y SU SOSTENIBILIDAD
Authors: Pacheco Hernández Patricio R. , Salini Calderón Giovanni A. , Mera Garrido Eduardo M.
Published: March 2021

En este estudio se analizan series temporales de partículas gruesas y finas, de monóxido de carbono, humedad relativa, velocidad del viento y temperatura, de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Se realizaron medidas horarias de evolución de la concentración de contaminantes atmosféricos, las que fueron acompañadas con mediciones locales continuas, por sobre tres años, de temperatura, humedad relativa y velocidad del viento a nivel del suelo. Estas series surgen de mediciones efectuadas en seis estaciones de monitoreo durante el periodo de tiempo comprendido entre los años 2010 y 2013 (3.25 años). Su estudio, basado en análisis no lineal, permite obtener sus entropías de correlación a partir de las cuales se interpreta el proceso de difusión de los contaminantes a través del sistema Tierra-atmósfera. Como resultado, se muestra acuerdo pleno con las dinámicas de concentraciones observadas. Se discute como la neguentropía y el flujo asociado pueden propiciar la dinámica dispersiva, según las variables meteorológicas estudiadas, de los contaminantes emitidos acorde a su vida media particular. Se comprueba el carácter caótico de variables de contaminación como las partículas atmosféricas y algunas variables meteorológicas. Estas últimas podrían explicar por qué ciertas localidades en la ciudad de Santiago presentan menos contaminación por partículas que otras.
Lighting parameter restoration method in mixed reality systems
Authors: Lemeshev Andrew Fedorovich , Zhdanov Dmitry Dmitrievich , Barladyan Boris Khaimovich
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with the problem of visual perception discomfort inherent in mixed reality systems, more precisely, the determination of the lighting parameters of the objects of the virtual world, corresponding to the lighting conditions of the real world, into which the virtual objects are embedded. The paper proposes an effective solution to the problem of reconstructing the coordinates of a light source from an RGBD image of the real world. A detailed description of the algorithm and the results of a numerical experiment on reconstructing the coordinates of light sources in a model scene are given. The accuracy of coordinate recovery is analyzed and the limitations of the method are considered, associated with the inaccuracy of determining the boundaries of objects and their shadows, as well as the lack of interconnected areas of the boundaries of objects and their shadows in the RGBD image of the scene.
Automated Process Planning System for End-Milling Operation by CAD Model in STL Format
Authors: Nishida Isamu ,   Kobe University 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan, Shirase Keiichi
Published: March 2021

A method for extracting the machining region from a 3D CAD model in Standard Triangulated Language (STL) format and automatically generating a tool path is proposed. First, a method is proposed for extracting the machining region and obtaining the geometrical features such as a convex or concave shape from only the 3D CAD model in STL format. The STL format uses only triangular mesh data and drops all information, which is necessary for extracting the removal volume for the machining and geometrical characteristics. Furthermore, the triangular mesh size is non-uniform. A contour line model is proposed in which the product model is minutely divided on the plane along any one axial direction and is represented by points at intervals below the indicated resolution obtained from the contour line of the cross section of the product. Subsequently, a method is proposed to determine the machining conditions for each extracted machining region and automatically generate a tool path according to the geometrical features of the machining region obtained. A machining experiment was conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. As a result of the machining experiment, it was confirmed that the tool path automatically generated from the 3D CAD model in STL format can be machined without any problems and with a practical level of accuracy.
Deburring of Resin Molded Products by Sensorless Shape-Tracing Deburring Technology (On the Principle of Sensorless Shape-Tracing Deburring)
Authors: Tanaka Norio ,   Nihon Shoryoku Kikai Co., Ltd. 173 Fukujima-cho, Isezaki, Gumma 372-0826, Japan
Published: March 2021

This study aims to automate deburring resin workpieces as generated in injection molding by an articulated robot using sensorless shape-tracing deburring technology. Because resin workpieces largely vary in their individual shape differences, as well as installation errors, it is difficult for an articulated robot, which operates solely based on the given teaching in general use, to precisely deburr the workpieces owing to its precision deficiency. In this study, a deburring technology called “shape-tracing deburring” was developed to prevent a tool from breaking into a workpiece while absorbing any positional errors, based on a mechanism capable of mechanically maintaining the force between the tool and the workpiece constant in relation to the shape of the latter. In this way, an articulated robot can stably deburr the workpiece by following any changes in the workpiece shape. In this report, the principle and system of the shape-tracing deburring technology capable of mechanically tracing the workpiece shape without a sensor are discussed. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the developed shape-tracing deburring technology is demonstrated through an example of deburring a resin molded article with an actual cutter complete with a shape-tracing part.
Offline Direct Teaching for a Robotic Manipulator in the Computational Space
Authors: Makita Satoshi , Sasaki Takuya , Urakawa Tatsuhiro ,   Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajirohigashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan,   National Institute of Technology, Sasebo College, Sasebo, Japan
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes a robot teaching method using augmented and virtual reality technologies. Robot teaching is essential for robots to accomplish several tasks in industrial production. Although there are various approaches to perform motion planning for robot manipulation, robot teaching is still required for precision and reliability. Online teaching, in which a physical robot moves in the real space to obtain the desired motion, is widely performed because of its ease and reliability. However, actual robot movements are required. In contrast, offline teaching can be accomplished entirely in the computational space, and it requires constructing the robot’s surroundings as computer graphic models. Additionally, planar displays do not provide sufficient information on 3D scenes. Our proposed method can be employed as offline teaching, but the operator can manipulate the robot intuitively using a head-mounted device and the specified controllers in the virtual 3D space. We demonstrate two approaches for robot teaching with augmented and virtual reality technologies and show some experimental results.
Forward Kinematics Model for Evaluation of Machining Performance of Robot Type Machine Tool
Authors: Hayashi Akio , Tanaka Hiroto , Ueki Masato , Yamaoka Hidetaka , Fujiki Nobuaki , Morimoto Yoshitaka ,   Kanazawa Institute of Technology 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 924-8501, Japan,   Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd., Yokkaichi, Japan
Published: March 2021

Robot-type machine tools are characterized by the ability to change the tool posture and machine itself with a wider motion range than conventional machine tools. The motion of the robot machine tool is realized by simultaneous multi-axis control of link mechanisms. However, when the robot machine tool performs a general milling process, some problems that affect the machining accuracy occur. Moreover, it is difficult to identify the motion errors of each axis, which influence machining accuracy. Thus, it is difficult to adjust the servo gain and alignment error. In addition, the machining performance is unidentified because of the rigidity differences when the posture changes. In this study, the focus was on robot-type machine tools consisting of a serial and a parallel link mechanism. A geometric model is described, and the forward kinematics model is derived based on the geometric model. Machining tests were then carried out to evaluate the machining accuracy by measuring the machined surfaces and the simulated motion of the tool posture based on the proposed forward kinematics model to identify the mechanism that affects the machined surface roughness and surface waviness. As a result, it was shown that the proposed model can separate and reproduce the behavior of each axis of the machine. Finally, it was clarified that the behavior of the second axis has a great influence on the tool posture and machined surface.
Study on Polishing Method Using Magnetic Levitation Tool in Superconductive-Assisted Machining
Authors: Nakashima Hidetaka ,   Kyushu Institute of Technology 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan, Nakasaki Tatsuya , Tanaka Tatsuhiro , Kinoshita Yushi , Tanaka Yuki , Khajornrungruang Panart , Otabe Edmund Soji , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: March 2021

Superconductive-assisted machining (SUAM) is a polishing method that employs a magnetic levitation tool, which is based on a superconductive phenomenon called the pinning effect. Since the tool magnetically levitates, the issue of tool interference is eliminated. In this study, in order to set up the polishing conditions of the magnetic levitation tool, we evaluated the relation between the flux density distribution relative to the tool position and the holding force acting on the magnetic levitation tool to maintain its initial position, set by field cooling by the superconducting bulk. For the holding force, we measured the attractive, repulsive, restoring, and driving forces. We found that the greater the holding force, the smaller the initial distance between the superconducting bulk and the magnetic levitation tool. The attractive force was found to peak when the levitated tool was displaced 6 mm from an initial position of 9 mm from the bulk, and it became only the self-weight of the magnetic levitation tool at displacements of 30 mm and above, where the pinning effect broke down. We then evaluated the polishing characteristics for SUS304 and A1100P at a tool displacement that results in the maximum attractive force. In the polishing experiment, we employed a water-based diamond slurry because the temperature of the workpiece was close to room temperature. We found that it was possible to polish SUS304 and A1100P while avoiding the effects of magnetization due to the polishing pressure or induced currents that accompany the rotation of the metal plate. The arithmetic average roughness, Ra, of A1100P was relatively high due to the effect of scratches, while that of SUS304 improved from 92 nm before polishing to 55 nm after polishing when polished with grains with a diameter of 1 μm.
Off-flavor Production of Cihateup Duck Meat at Different Slaughter Ages
Authors: Sinabang Maria Kristina , Rukmiasih Rukmiasih , Suryati Tuti , Lase Jonathan Anugrah
Published: March 2021

This study aims to evaluate the age of off-odor detection to ensure more efficient and economical provision of antioxidants in the production of Cihateup ducks. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 different treatments of slaughter age, i.e. 4, 8 and 12 week. Each treatment consisted of 6 replications and each replication consisted of 13 ducks. The results showed that the percentage of fat content at the age of 12 weeks was higher than the age of 4 and 8 week. High fat-containing meat tends to undergo fat oxidation. High levels of Fe at 12 week of slaughter age cause high levels of myoglobin in duck meat. Fe2+ is a catalyst in the process of fat oxidation. the brightness value (L) is inversely proportional to the value a of Cihateup duck meat. The darker brightness of the meat causes the flesh to be redder due to myoglobin level in duck meat. The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ALTJG) is 4- and 12-week slaughter age lower than 8 week of age. The high levels of MDA at 12 week of slaughter age are due to fat oxidation which causes off-odor. Based on the result, the conclusion is that the high fat content, Fe content, color of Cihateup duck meat at 12 weeks of slaughter age caused the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ALTJG) to be low due to fat oxidation. Fat oxidation caused high levels of MDA in duck meat (12 weeks of slaughter age) resulting in Off-odors in Cihateup duck meat.
Camp Perry Historic District landscape inventory and viewshed analysis
Authors: Smith Adam , Tooker Megan , Adams Sunny
Published: March 2021

The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) established the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), which requires federal agencies to address their cultural resources, defined as any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object. NHPA section 110 requires federal agencies to inventory and evaluate their cultural resources. Section 106 requires them to determine the effect of federal undertakings on properties deemed eligible or potentially eligible for the NRHP. Camp Perry Joint Training Center (Camp Perry) is located near Port Clinton, Ohio, and serves as an Ohio Army National Guard (OHARNG) training site. It served as an induction center during federal draft periods and as a prisoner of war camp during World War II. Previous work established boundaries for an historic district and recommended the district eligible for the NRHP. This project inventoried and evaluated Camp Perry’s historic cultural landscape and outlined approaches and recommendations for treatment by Camp Perry cultural resources management. Based on the landscape evaluation, recommendations of a historic district boundary change were made based on the small number of contributing resources to aid future Section 106 processes and/or development of a programmatic agreement in consultation with the Ohio State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO).
Sucker Rod Antibuckling System: Development and Field Application
Authors: Langbauer Clemens , Fruhwirth Rudolf Konrad , Volker Lukas
Published: March 2021

When the oil price is low, cost optimization is vital, especially in mature oil fields. Reducing lifting costs by increasing the mean time between failure and the overall system efficiency helps to keep wells economical and increase the final recovery factor. A significant portion of artificially lifted wells currently use sucker rod pumping systems. Although its efficiency is in the upper range, there is still room for improvement compared with other artificial-lift systems.

This paper presents the field-tested sucker rod antibuckling system (SRABS), which prevents buckling of the entire sucker rod string, achieved by a redesign of the standing valve, the advantageous use of the dynamic liquid level, and, on a case-by-case basis, application of a tension element. The system allows full buckling prevention and a reduction of the overall stresses in the sucker rod string.

The resulting reduction in the number of well interventions combined with the higher system efficiency prolongs economic production in mature oil fields, even in times of low oil prices. The analysis of SRABS, using finite-element simulations, showed a significant increase in system efficiency. The SRABS performance and wear tests under large-scale conditions were performed at Montanuniversität Leoben’s Pump Test Facility and in the oil field. The results of intensive laboratory testing were used to optimize the pump-body geometry and improve the wear resistance by selecting optimal materials for the individual pump components. The ongoing field-test evaluation confirmed the theoretical approach and showed the benefits achieved by using SRABS. SRABS itself can be applied within every sucker rod pumping system; the installation is as convenient as a standard pump, and manufacturing costs are comparable with those of a standard pump.

This paper shows improved performance of the SRABS pumping system compared with a standard sucker rod pump. SRABS is one of the first systems that prevents the sucker rod string from buckling without any additional equipment, such as sinker bars. Testing of SRABS has identified significant benefits compared with standard sucker rod pumps.
Standard protocols for detection of human CMV-specific T cells
Authors: Riquelme Paloma , Hutchinson James A.
Published: March 2021

This document describes protocols used for in vitro restimulation of cryopreserved PBMC with CMV lysates and subsequent detection of CMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by intracellular staining of cytokines.
Novel Two-stage Nonlinear Interconnected Unknown Input Observer Design: Hardware & Experimental Vehicle Validation
Authors: FOUKA Majda , SENTOUH Chouki , POPIEUL Jean-Christophe
Published: March 2021

This paper concerns both vehicle lateral and longitudinal nonlinear dynamics estimation. Consequently, the interlinked vehicle models dependency and the hurdle coupling features will be overcome here thanks to the NONLINEAR INTERCONNECTED UNKNOWN INPUTS OBSERVER (NI-UIO) framework. This interconnection scheme extends the estimation of the lateral motion to the longitudinal one with the unknown accelerator, brake pedal and driver steering torque inputs, as well as tire-ground pneumatic efforts to reduce conservatism and observability problems. The aspects of immeasurable real-time variation in the forward speed and tire slip velocities in front and rear wheels are taken particularly into account. Consequently, TAKAGI-SUGENO (TS) fuzzy form is undertaken to deal with these nonlinearities in the observer synthesis. The INPUT TO STATE STABILITY (ISS) of the estimation errors is exploited using Lyapunov stability arguments to allow more relaxation and additional robustness guarantee regarding the disturbance term of immeasurable nonlinearities. Therein, sufficient conditions of the ISS property are formulated as an optimization problem in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, hardware and experimental validation with robustness test are performed with the well-known SHERPA dynamic interactive driving simulator as well as TWINGO vehicle prototype to highlight performances and applicability of the outlined observer.
A Novel Memcapacitor and Its Application in a Chaotic Circuit
Authors: Guo Mei , Yang Ran , Zhang Meng , Liu Renyuan , Zhu Yongliang , Dou Gang
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a novel memcapacitor is designed by SBT memristor and two capacitors. A fifth-order memcapacitor and memristor chaotic circuit is proposed. The stability of the equilibrium point of the system is analyzed theoretically. Lyapunov exponents spectra, bifurcation diagrams, poincaré maps and phase diagrams are used to analyze the dynamic behaviors of the system. The results show that under different initial values and parameters, the system produces rich dynamic behaviors such as stable points, limit cycles, chaos, and so on. Specially, coexisting attractors, transient chaos, and steady-state chaos accompanied by burst period phenomenon are also produced in the system. The proposed memcapacitor-based circuit expands the research methods of memcapacitor for application in chaoticcircuits.
Sorption and transport of Mn2+ in soil amended with alkali modified pomelo biochar
Authors: An Qiang , Zhu Sheng , Li Zheng , Deng Shu-man , Zhao Bin , Meng Fanyu , Jin Ningjie , Ren Xiaozhou
Published: March 2021

Owing to its effectiveness and environment-friendly, biochar has been used for adsorbing and immobilizing pollutants in soil in recent years of studies, which is also suitable for manganese pollution in soil caused by manganese mining and processing activities. In this research, alkali modified pomelo biochar (MBC) was regarded as a soil amendment, the improvement of soil physicochemical properties as well as Mn 2+ sorption and transport in soil by modifying with MBC were investigated. In incubation experiment, 0-10% (w/w) MBC addition amount significantly improved the physicochemical properties of soil. Due to the amelioration of soil physicochemical properties along with the oxygen-containing functional groups and the developed pore structure of MBC itself, the adsorption capacity of MBC modification soil towards Mn 2+ (q e ) was enhanced in batch adsorption experiment, and q e increased by 10-108% when MBC ratio grew from 0 to 10% at 300 mg·L -1 Mn 2+ solution. In column migration experiment, the Mn 2+ retention rate climbed by 13-106% from 0 to 10% MBC addition proportion when adopted the MBC filling way that placed MBC on the soil upper layer , and the reinforced restriction on Mn 2+ transport in soil amended with MBC might ascribe to the enhanced q e as well as the reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity. These results proved that MBC effectively augmented adsorption ability and suppressed transport of Mn 2+ in soil, which could provide an available mind on prevention and remediation of soil Mn contamination.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early-Stage Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Esophagus ：A Case Report
Authors: Tang Nan , Cheng Zhonghua , Fen Zhen
Published: March 2021

Background: Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the esophagus is rare, highly aggressive and lacks biological features. Case presentation: In this report, we describe a patient with Esophageal NEC who was successfully treated using endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). A 55-year-old woman presented with intermittent mild dysphagia for 2 months. Gastroscopy revealed a disc-shaped protruding lesion about 18mm×18mm in size on the upper esophagus, 25cm from the incisors. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) demonstrated the bulged lesion was highly echoic and homogeneous, originating from the muscularis mucosa. We assessed en bloc resection by ESD for therapeutic diagnosis to be a safe and appropriate treatment. The tumor was removed using ESD. Histopathological examination revealed a poorly differentiated neoplasm comprising large cells with marked nuclear atypia and multifocal necrosis Immunohistochemistry staining revealed tumor tissue that was positive for Ki67, CgA, Syn, CD56, but negative for P40, P63, S-100 protein. These histopathological results were consistent with a diagnosis of esophageal NEC, large cell type, derived from the muscularis mucosae. After comprehensive consideration, we adopted the combination treatments (ESD plus an adjuvant chemotherapy). The patient has been followed up till now with no recurrence. Conclusions: En bloc resection approach by ESD play a vital role in the early therapeutic diagnosis of esophageal NEC.
Reliability and Efficacy of Maximum Fluorescein Tear Break-Up Time in Diagnosing Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Mou Yujie , Xiang Huan , Lin Lin , Yuan Kelan , Wang Xin , Wu Yaying , Min Jinjin , Jin Xiuming
Published: March 2021

This study aims to investigate the reliability and efficacy of maximum fluorescein tear break-up time (FTBUTmax) in diagnosing dry eye disease (DED). 147 participants were enrolled in this study. Ocular symptoms were assessed by Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). The fluorescein tear break-up time (FTBUT) examination, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and Schirmer I test were performed on both eyes. Each participant underwent 3 consecutive FTBUT tests, and five types of FTBUT values including FTBUTmax, the minimum FTBUT (FTBUTmin), the first FTBUT (FTBUT1), the average of three FTBUTs (FTBUT123) and the average of the first and second FTBUT (FTBUT12) were recorded. FTBUTmax was larger than the other FTBUT values, but no differences were found among the values of FTBUT1, FTBUT123, FTBUT12 and FTBUTmin. In the ROC analysis, FTBUTmax had the largest or the second largest area under the ROC (AUROC) in all three DED diagnostic criteria, while FTBUTmin had the least AUROC of them. ROC efficacy of FTBUTmax was significantly higher than that of FTBUT123, FTBUT12, FTBUT1 and FTBUTmin in the OSDI criteria and higher than that of FTBUT1 and FTBUTmin in Schirmer and CFS tests. FTBUTmax has a close correlation with OSDI, Schirmer I test and CFS, and is an effective tool for the DED diagnosis.
Using Gated Recurrent Units Models for Early Prediction of Sepsis in The Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Zhao Xuze , Qu Bo
Published: March 2021

Background: Sepsis is one of the major causes of mortality in hospitalized patients. Therefore, a reliable means of predicting sepsis onset is of great importance. The purpose of this study was to develop a gated recurrent unit (GRU) based model and explore whether it can improve model performance in predicting sepsis for up to 6h from the time of admission in intensive care units (ICU) compared to traditional sepsis prediction methods. Methods: The data used for model development in this study were from retrospective MIMIC-III dataset, restricted to intensive care units (ICUs) patients aged between 15 and 89. Model performance of GRU model were compared to logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boost (XGBoost). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) measures the performance of the prediction capability of the models. Results: A total of 31297 MIMIC-III cases are included in this article and 4008 cases had encountered sepsis while 27289 had not. As for the AUC (0.801 (95% CI): 0.760-0.841), 0.782 (95%CI: 0.743-0.821), 0.775 (95%CI: 0.736-0.813), 0.771 (95%CI: 0.732-0.809), 0.749 (95%CI: 0.711-0.886),) results of the models, GRU performed best in predicting sepsis.Conclusions: The present study concluded that by using GRU deep learning method, a more accurate prediction model can be established. The GRU deep learning method we build can prove clinically helpful and assist physicians in tailoring accurate management and treatment for patients with sepsis.
Transfection of STAT3 Overexpression Plasmid Mediated by Recombinant Lentivirus Promotes Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Neural Cells in Fetal Rats With Spina Bifida Aperta
Authors: Jiang mingyu , Dai Ji-cheng , Yin Ming-ying , Ren Ming-yong
Published: March 2021

Background

To investigate the influence of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) on spinal cord tissue grafts of rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta. In particular, we wished to determine if STAT3 overexpression plasmid transfection would increase survival of spinal cord transplantation to improve therapeutic efficiency.
Methods

The fetal rat model of spina bifida aperta was established by retinoic acid and treated by microsurgical injection of stem cells. They were divided into blank control group (n = 12), negative control group (n = 10) and experimental group (n = 11). The optical density (OD) value of BMSCs viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The expression of STAT3, pSTAT3, nerve markers (Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Neuron-specific enolase, Neurofilament and Nestin) and apoptosis related factors (Caspase 8 and Bcl-2) were tested by the method of real-time PCR and Western blot. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0 software. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze differences among three or more groups. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation from at least three independent experiments. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results

OD value in experimental group was the highest at 8 hours after transplantation by CCK-8, and then gradually decreased, which was statistically significant compared with blank control group and negative control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in OD peak time and value between blank control group and negative control group. The expression levels of pSTAT3, Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Neuron-specific enolase, Neurofilament and Nestin in experimental group were remarkably higher than those in blank control group and negative control group (P < 0.05), but STAT3 expression in experimental group were statistically decreased (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of Caspase-8 and Bcl-2 in experimental group were tremendously lower than those in blank control group and negative control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion

Transfection of recombinant lentivirus mediated STAT3 overexpression plasmid with BMSCs can improve the efficiency of transforming into neural cells and provide new seed cells for the treatment of congenital spina bifida aperta.
Effects of Sweet Potato Vine Silage Supplementation on Meat Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function in Finishing Pigs
Authors: Wang Ruibo , Sun Bo , Yue Zhiyuan , Zheng Hao , Zhou Qinglong , Bao Chunna , Shi Baoming , Shan Anshan , Ma Qingquan
Published: March 2021

Background

Sweet potato vine is the stem and leaf of sweet potato and is nutritious as feedstuff. Silage is an effective solution to retain nutritional value and is beneficial for the preservation. This article explored the effects of Sweet potato vine silage (SPVS) supplementation on meat quality, antioxidant capacity and immune function in finishing pigs. 180 finishing pigs (Berkshire×Licha Black) with body weight of 74.54 ± 3.32 kg were randomly divided into three groups with six pigs per pen and six replicate per treatment: control diet (CON), CON supplemented with 2.5% SPVS (LSPVS) and 5.0% SPVS (HSPVS).
Results

It showed that eye muscle area in the LSPVS group was significantly increased and carcass weight in the HSPVS was significantly reduced. Cooking loss in both HSPVS and LSPVS were significantly reduced. Hepatic level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) was significantly upregulated in LSPVS but downregulated in HSPVS. In serum, HSPVS decreased glutathione (GSH) level and increased GSH-PX level. HSPVS significantly reduced hepatic IL-1 level and LSPVS significantly reduced IL-12 level and increased IL-8 level. Moreover, HSPV promoted the secretion of IgM and IgG in serum.
Conclusions

SPVS supplementation improved animal performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity and immune performance in finishing pigs, which provide a new alternative to improve animal health and substitute traditional feedstuff.
Renal function in Japanese HIV-1-positive patients who switch to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate after long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Authors: Abe Kensuke , Obara Taku , Kamio Satomi , Kondo Asahi , Imamura Junji , Goto Tatsuya , Ito Toshihiro , Sato Hiroshi , Takahashi Nobuyuki
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has a strong antiviral effect, but TDF is known to cause renal dysfunction. Therefore, we are investigating preventing renal dysfunction by replacing TDF with tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF), which is known to be relatively safe to the kidneys. However, the changes in renal function under long-term use of TAF are not known. In this study, we evaluated renal function in Japanese HIV-1-positive patients switching to TAF after long-term treatment with TDF.METHODS A single-center observational study was conducted in Japanese HIV-1-positive patients. TDF was switched to TAF after at least 48 weeks of treatment so we could evaluate the long-term use of TDF. The primary endpoint was the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 144 weeks of TAF administration. In addition, we predicted the factors that would lead to changes in eGFR after long-term use of TAF.RESULTS Of the 125 HIV-1-positive patients who were prescribed TAF at our hospital during the study period, 70 fulfilled the study criteria. The eGFR at the time of switching from TDF to TAF was 81.4 ± 21.1 mL/min/1.73 m2. eGFR improved significantly after 12 weeks of taking TAF but significantly decreased at 96 and 144 weeks. At 144 weeks of taking TAF, the factors significantly correlated with the difference in eGFR from baseline were the difference in eGFR at 48 weeks of taking TAF and age at the start of TAF.CONCLUSIONS In this study, Japanese HIV-1-positive patients who had been taking TDF for a long period of time showed a decrease in eGFR after switching to long-term use of TAF. Japanese HIV-1-positive patients are expected to take TAF for a long time. Depending on age, laboratory values related to renal function need to be monitored carefully.