bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guided Game Level Repair via Explainable AI
Authors: Bazzaz Mahsa , Cooper Seth
Published: November 2024

Procedurally generated levels created by machine learning models can be unsolvable without further editing. Various methods have been developed to automatically repair these levels by enforcing hard constraints during the post-processing step. However, as levels increase in size, these constraint-based repairs become increasingly slow. This paper proposes using explainability methods to identify specific regions of a level that contribute to its unsolvability. By assigning higher weights to these regions, constraint-based solvers can prioritize these problematic areas, enabling more efficient repairs. Our results, tested across three games, demonstrate that this approach can help to repair procedurally generated levels faster.
Controllable Game Level Generation: Assessing the Effect of Negative Examples in GAN Models
Authors: Bazzaz Mahsa , Cooper Seth
Published: November 2024

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are unsupervised models designed to learn and replicate a target distribution. The vanilla versions of these models can be extended to more controllable models. Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CGANs) extend vanilla GANs by conditioning both the generator and discriminator on some additional information (labels). Controllable models based on complementary learning, such as Rumi-GAN, have been introduced. Rumi-GANs leverage negative examples to enhance the generator's ability to learn positive examples. We evaluate the performance of two controllable GAN variants, CGAN and Rumi-GAN, in generating game levels targeting specific constraints of interest: playability and controllability. This evaluation is conducted under two scenarios: with and without the inclusion of negative examples. The goal is to determine whether incorporating negative examples helps the GAN models avoid generating undesirable outputs. Our findings highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each method in enforcing the generation of specific conditions when generating outputs based on given positive and negative examples.
Procedural Content Generation in Games: A Survey with Insights on Emerging LLM Integration
Authors: Farrokhi Maleki Mahdi , Zhao Richard
Published: November 2024

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) is defined as the automatic creation of game content using algorithms. PCG has a long history in both the game industry and the academic world. It can increase player engagement and ease the work of game designers. While recent advances in deep learning approaches in PCG have enabled researchers and practitioners to create more sophisticated content, it is the arrival of Large Language Models (LLMs) that truly disrupted the trajectory of PCG advancement.

This survey explores the differences between various algorithms used for PCG, including search-based methods, machine learning-based methods, other frequently used methods (e.g., noise functions), and the newcomer, LLMs. We also provide a detailed discussion on combined methods. Furthermore, we compare these methods based on the type of content they generate and the publication dates of their respective papers. Finally, we identify gaps in the existing academic work and suggest possible directions for future research.
Hexagram Tangram Puzzle Artifact
Authors: Mahmoud Yazeed , Sturtevant Nathan R.
Published: November 2024

This paper describes the artifact associated with a paper on the use of AI tools for the creation of a Hexagram Tangram Puzzle currently under review at AIIDE. We describe our motivation for creating the puzzle, the layout and construction of the puzzle, and what is publicly available with the artifact.
DEM simulation of the compression of crushable sand: does the initial particle shape matter?
Authors: Seo D. , Harmon J. , Andrade J. , Buscarnera G.
Published: November 2024

Advances in DEM modeling, combined with high-resolution X-ray tomography, opened the way for computer models based on virtual replicas of the particles which preserve nearly all facets of their geometry. This leads to simulation advantages, but also high computational costs. Here we tackle a question stemming from this trend: how accurate should particle models be to ensure accuracy? We address this question for the case of the compression of crushable sand. LS-DEM was used to generate three models of Ottawa sand (exact replicas, ellipsoids, and spheres) from digital images of its grains. Compression-induced crushing was simulated for all sets by tracking evolving size and shape distribution. The results confirm that exact replicas provide the closest match of the measurements. However, intermediate degrees of rendering (e.g. ellipsoids preserving volume and aspect ratio of the real grains) led to satisfactory results only marginally different from those of exact replicas. These findings provide an example of the protocols that may be followed to identify the optimal degree of particle approximation which should be regarded as mandatory to achieve a conscious, sustainable use of computational resources.
Computational approaches to apply the String Edit Algorithm to create accurate visual scan paths
Authors: Palma Fraga Ricardo , Kang Ziho
Published: November 2024

Eye movement detection algorithms (e.g., I-VT) require the selection of thresholds to identify eye fixations and saccadic movements from gaze data. The choice of threshold is important, as thresholds too low or large may fail to accurately identify eye fixations and saccades. An inaccurate threshold might also affect the resulting visual scan path, the time-ordered sequence of eye fixations and saccades, carried out by the participant. Commonly used approaches to evaluate threshold accuracy can be manually laborious, or require information about the expected visual scan paths of participants, which might not be available. To address this issue, we propose two different computational approaches, labeled as “between-participants comparisons” and “within-participants comparisons.” The approaches were evaluated using the open-source Gazebase dataset, which contained a bullseye-target tracking task, where participants were instructed to follow the movements of a bullseye-target. The predetermined path of the bullseye-target enabled us to evaluate our proposed approaches against the expected visual scan path. The approaches identified threshold values (220°/s and 210°/s) that were 83% similar to the expected visual scan path, outperforming a 30°/s benchmark threshold (41.5%). These methods might assist researchers in identifying accurate threshold values for the I-VT algorithm or potentially other eye movement detection algorithms.
Reading comics: The effect of expertise on eye movements
Authors: Yang Hong
Published: November 2024

The theory of expertise suggests that there should be observable differences in the eye movement patterns between experts and non-experts. Previous studies have investigated how expertise influences eye movement patterns during cognitive tasks like reading. However, the impact of expertise on eye movements in comics, a multimodal form of text, remains unexplored. This article reports on a study that uses eye tracking to examine patterns in the ways that experts and non-experts read comics. Expert participants (14) with experience in reading comics than non-expert participants (17). When controlling for variables such as layout and text quantity, we found significant differences in visual scanning between experts and non-experts. Experts exhibited more frequent saccades and greater amplitude of saccades. Further analysis revealed distinct strategies in processing text and image content between the two groups: the interaction between expertise level and content type in specific AOI showed significant differences across multiple visual measurement metrics, including Average duration of fixations, number of fixations, and number of saccades within AOI. These findings not only support the applicability of the expertise level theory in the field of comic reading but also provide a new perspective for understanding the reading processing of multimodal texts.
A Visit to the Exhibition of All Nations: The Chicago World’s Fair and the United States in Vasily Sidorov’s Travel Writing
Authors: Pelmegov Maksim
Published: November 2024

The Chicago World’s Fair represented a continuity of the World’s Fairs as key international events of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries which were widely covered, including in travelogues for home readership. The Russian Empire showed considerable interest in participating, especially after Americans organized a relief campaign during its famine a year ago. While the Russian government supervised the exhibits and sent specialists to study the American economy and society, many Russians visited the Fair individually, and some published travel accounts. This article explores the account titled America. Travel Notes and Impressions (1895) written by novelist and botanist Vasily Sidorov. Traveling with a group of European tourists, he admires American nature and praises American technological progress, mobility, and freedoms that could be potentially borrowed but shows uncertainty about major cities and excesses of industrialization and technological development, to a degree repeating what was pointed out by earlier Russian visitors. He evaluated the Fair and most of what he saw through the image of Europe which was also employed to emphasize his sense of cultural superiority.
How Many Trauma Admissions Require Acute Trauma Team Interventions?
Authors: Bitter Bradon , Terry Amy , Helmer Stephen , Quinn Karson , Haan James M
Published: November 2024

Introduction.  The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of trauma patients who have been admitted and received intervention and, of these, which were performed by non-trauma specialists.
Methods.  A retrospective chart review was performed on all adult patients presenting through the trauma service between January 2019 and June 2019.  The information collected included: demographics, trauma activation level, total interventions performed, interventions by the trauma team, interventions by the subspecialty teams, and isolated injuries (orthopedic, neurosurgery, and other).
Results.  A total of 287 patients were reviewed.  One hundred eleven of these patients (38.7%) underwent operative intervention.  Seventy-five patients (26.1%) underwent operative intervention by the orthopedic surgery team.  Sixteen patients (5.6%) underwent operative intervention by the neurosurgery team.  Fourteen patients (4.9%) underwent operative intervention by other subspecialties.  Only 6 patients (2.1%) underwent operative intervention by the trauma team.
Conclusions.  The collected data suggests that less than half of the patient population underwent intervention by a surgical team.  This data demonstrates the need to re-evaluate admission criteria for trauma patients.
Clinical Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Iliopsoas Corticosteroid Injection for Hip Pain
Authors: Smith Jordan , Patrick  , Kevin  , Porter Andrew , Frank Paul , Duncan Leah , Ofei-Dodoo Samuel
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Iliopsoas bursitis and tendinopathy are common causes of hip pain and major contributors to snapping hip syndrome, which affects 5-10% of the general population. These conditions are often treated with conservative measures, including corticosteroid injections into the iliopsoas bursa. However, the clinical effectiveness of such injections has not been well studied. Through this study, the authors evaluated the efficacy of ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections into the iliopsoas bursa.
Methods. The study involved 68 patients diagnosed with iliopsoas tendinopathy, iliopsoas bursitis, or snapping hip syndrome (coxa saltans). The authors used a single-sample, nonexperimental design. Participants completed measures assessing pain, mechanical symptoms, physical function, activity level, and total hip score at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month post-injection. Data were collected from January 1, 2023, to April 1, 2024. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess changes in outcome measures.
Results. Participants showed significant improvements in pain, mechanical symptoms, physical function, and activity level at both 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. Additionally, overall hip scores improved statistically by the end of the study.
Conclusions. Our data suggest that ultrasound-guided iliopsoas bursa corticosteroid injections can be effective in improving physical function and ability to perform daily activities and engage in physical tasks and reduce the disability associated with iliopsoas tendinopathy. Further research with a longer follow-up period and more rigorous controls is warranted to confirm these findings and assess the long-term benefits and potential risks of the procedure.
GAP Bölgesi tarımında problemlerin tespiti ve durum analizi: Anket verileriyle bir inceleme
Authors: Duran Sultan , Doğan Mesut
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışma, Güneydoğu Anadolu Proje (GAP) Bölgesi'ndeki tarımsal üretimin mevcut durumunu ve çiftçilerin karşılaştığı sorunları çiftçilerin bakış açısından anket verileri ile analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında, Çiftçi Kayıt Sistemi'ne (ÇKS) kayıtlı çiftçilerden kota örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 395 kişiyle yüz yüze anket yapılmıştır. Anketler, çiftçilerin arazi büyüklükleri, sulama olanakları, tarımsal gelir düzeyleri, kredi kullanım oranları, tarımsal girdilere erişim durumu ve iklim olaylarının tarımsal üretime etkileri gibi çeşitli konuları kapsamaktadır. Bulgular, GAP Bölgesi'nde tarımsal sulama projelerinin etkisinin yetersiz kaldığını ve çiftçilerin projeyi ağırlıklı olarak sulama odaklı bir girişim olarak algıladığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, elektrik maliyetleri, ÇKS’ye kayıt süreçlerindeki zorluklar, ürünlerin düşük fiyatlarla pazarlanması ve iklim değişikliğine bağlı riskler çiftçilerin karşılaştığı başlıca sorunlar olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışma, GAP Bölgesi’nde tarımsal üretim kapasitesini artırmak için sulama altyapısının güçlendirilmesi, enerji maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi, tarımsal eğitim programlarının yaygınlaştırılması ve tarım dışı gelir kaynaklarının teşvik edilmesi gibi stratejik müdahalelerin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Çiftçilerin risk yönetim stratejilerini benimsemeleri ve sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarının yaygınlaştırılması, tarımsal üretimin sürdürülebilirliğine katkı sağlayacak önemli adımlar olarak önerilmektedir.
Euphemisms representing the meaning ‘to die’ in Tuvan and Mongolian languages
Authors:   Institute of Linguistic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mongush Nachyn M.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a comparative study of euphemisms with the meaning “to die” in the Tuvan and Mongolian languages, specifically Khalkha-Mongolian, Buryat, and Kalmyk, with a focus also on the Tsengel dialect of the Tuvan language in the North-West of Mongolia. The euphemisms that have been identified are categorized into three distinct stylistic groups. The first group consists of euphemisms of the sublime style associated with religious (Buddhist) beliefs regarding human existence and mortality. The latter is often seen as a passage to rebirth, embodying traits like burkhan/burgan, or signifying the pathway to the realm of burkhan/burgan (heaven, paradise, nirvana, and the true world). Furthermore, it symbolizes the journey back to one’s place of residency, the eradication of suffering, and the attainment of serenity. The second category includes neutral-style euphemisms that demonstrate similarities with the concept of “non-being” formed using the negative component of Tuvan chok, Khalkha-Mongolian uguy, Buryat ugy, Kalmyk uga. Also, death means reaching the allotted time for life, passing away, lack of breath, or loss of the ability to see. The third group includes the euphemisms of substandard style used in rough speech, mainly with no direct parallels in the languages under analysis. They are defined as dysphemisms. Parallel euphemisms in the languages considered can result from shared origins, historical and cultural interactions, spiritual connections, similarities in lifestyle, and similar governance systems. Consequently, there is a shared understanding of concepts related to the world, life, and death, with distinct variations specific to each language.
The classifier COLOR a dominant one in the categorization of mushrooms in the languages of the peoples of the Baikal region
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Petrova Nataliia A. ,   Irkutsk State University,   Shenzhen MSU-BIT University
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on the categorization of mushrooms in Russian, Buryat, Tatar, Mongolian, Yakut, and Evenk languages. According to the author, the connection between categorization and nomination is demonstrated by how language units represent our worldview. Thus, the local languages exhibit varied reflections of the mushrooms found in the Baikal region. The prevalence of mushroom names in the Russian language is a testament to the significance of mushrooms in Russian culture. Mushrooms are not considered a significant part of the Buryat, Tatar, Mongolian, Yakut, and Even cultures, resulting in a limited number of mush-room names. The author discusses the cognitive classification features, or classifiers, used to name mushrooms, such as their color, shape, surface type, connection with animals, practical significance, and others. Extensive evidence supports the notion that the classifier COLOR is of primary importance in categorization. The colors relevant to mushroom nominations serve as confirmation for the theory of B. Berlin and P. Kay regarding the fundamental names of colors. Since the color attribute encompasses an evaluation of reality, it is classified as conceptual. The opposition between “white mushroom/black mushroom” shows the former as the optimal choice, edible and highly flavorful, and the latter as the least desirable choice, either inedible or less tasty. This differentiation is apparent in the mycological terminology in all the languages studied. The color choice for a mushroom name reflects its cultural symbolism. As an illustration, Turkic peoples utilize colors associated with solar symbolism to indicate the most valuable edible mushrooms.
Song folklore of the Mordvin-Moksha of the Tyumen Oblast in phono- and video recordings
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shakhov Pavel S. , Demina Lilia V. ,   Tyumen State Institute of Culture
Published: November 2024

The paper explores audio and video recordings of Mordvin-Moksha song folklore, specifically focusing on songs from the migratory tradition of Kalinovka village, Sorokinskiy District, Tyumen Oblast. The village was established in 1924 by migrants from settlements in Krasnoslobodskiy, Atyuryevskiy, Kovylkinskiy, and Torbeevskiy Districts of the Republic of Mordovia. A total of 19 songs in 29 variations, created between 1989 and 2021, are presented in chronological order. The analysis examines the genres and repertoire of these Mordvin-Moksha songs, including calendar songs, dance songs, round dance songs, wedding songs, as well as non-calendar lyricalepic and lyrical songs. The collection features both traditional Russian songs and contemporary songs in Mordvin-Moksha and Russian. Notably, there are phonorecords of polyphonic samples of lyric-epic, lyrical, circular, and dance songs, as well as video recordings showcasing the ceremonial reconstruction of the Moksha wedding. Through the examination of this folklore collection, it is concluded that the local Siberian tradition remains vibrant and continues to evolve. The various folklore materials, most of which have been transcribed and translated into Russian, will serve as a foundation for further comprehensive descriptions and textological studies. These materials are included in the national corpus of the Mordvin volume of the academic series “Monuments of folklore of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East,” published by the Institute of Philology of the SB RAS and the Research Institute for the Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia.
Ekshuk: about one denomination of the wood goblin in Mari
Authors:   Mari Research Institute of Language, Literature and History named after V. M. Vasilyev, Klyucheva Maria A. ,   Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The origin of the word ekshuk, one of the specific names of the leshy (the forest spirit) in the Mari language, is under study. The topic is explored using linguistic sources and folklore materials, including rare ones that are newly introduced. The lexeme area, particularly Western Mari dialects, is established. The analysis has revealed the mixing of the word ekshuk with the Eastern Mari jekysuko (all evil, diseases). We suggest that these lexemes are of heterogeneous origin and should be analyzed separately. Further consideration of the Hill Mari kshuk, or the North-Western Mari ksh k, ksh k, kshӱk, kshuk, ksyuk, or the Meadow Mari kshӱ k, y kshӱ k, is made in the context of Russian dialect vocabulary. This vocabulary includes various terms used to designate “leshy” in Russian dialects, including les, yols, leshuk, Russian surnames Ekshukov, Ekshakov, Evshukov, Epsukov, Elsukov, or the village names such as Ekshakovo, Elsuki, Elsukovschina, and others. The account is taken of the regular character of the phonetic transitions s>š, l>v, p/b>g/k, e->yo- and metatheses le-~el- in Russian dialects and Finno-Ugric languages. Given the above, a conclusion is made that the Mari language mythonym ekshuk is a borrowing from Russian dialects: rus. les > rus. yols (devil, leshy) > *elsuk/*evshuk/epsuk > mari ekshuk. Thus, this name of leshy, along with the Hill Mari shishigӓ, shigӓ, leshӓ and North-Western Mari eshӓk is included in the group of Mari mythonyms of Russian origin. The etymology of the Eastern Mari ekysuko (all evil, disease) remains an open question.
The discourse of Maximus the Greek appealing to “those ruling properly”: the issues of text attribution
Authors:   Institute of History of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhurova Ludmila I.
Published: November 2024

The manuscript heritage of Maximus the Greek was especially popular from the late 16th to the first third of the 17th centuries. New collections of his works compiled in Russia at that time significantly enlarged the whole corpus compared to the lifetime compilations. However, nowadays, scholars encounter the verification issue since the editors of the volumes would attribute the name of the scholarly monk to texts that he did not actually produce. Therefore, the author’s name on the title page of a medieval text cannot be considered an ultimate reference for its attribution. This study aims at establishing the authenticity of two writings preserved only in the written tradition of the 17th–18th centuries: “By Monk Maximus the Greek. An Epistle to Those Ruling Properly on Guiding…” and “By Monk Maximus the Hagiorite. On Truth and Grace.” Their content and narrative style are scrutinized in the context of two treatises of the author’s corpus, Chapters 24 and 25 of the Iosaf’s Collection. The common theme among all four texts is the admonitions directed towards “Those Ruling Properly” and the way in which they are presented. This similarity allows for the identification of a distinct discourse in the writings of Maximos the Hagiorite. The stages of this discourse generation are revealed, with a version regarding the addressee of the “Epistle to Those Ruling Properly on Guiding...” proposed. It is Boyar Vassily Mikhailovich Zakharyin-Yuryev, a voivode, a prominent courtier from Tver, and the cousin of the wife of Ivan IV.
Traditions of satirical journalism of the 1860s in the feuilleton work of F. V. Volkhovsky in the “Sibirskaya gazeta” (1882–1888)
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Mazurov Alexandr E.
Published: November 2024

The satirical magazines of the 1860s had a significant impact on the periodical press system. Given the cultural and economic disparities between Siberia and the center in the 1880s, Siberian publicists found themselves in conditions resembling those of the democratic press. This paper examines the satirical traditions of the key representatives of the democratic press, namely “Svistok” (1859–1863) and “Iskra” (1859–1873). The analysis focuses on the feuilleton works of F. V. Volkhovsky, the “tacit editor” of the first major private publication in Western Siberia, “Sibirskaya gazeta” (1881–1888). The publicist’s ideology was centered on combating the prereform order in Siberia before the reforms. The populist brought his theses on social and economic contradictions published in the “Svistok” and “Iskra” into a single ideological harmony within the framework of two concepts: regional and socialist. It was also crucial for Volkhovsky to address the persisting problem of publicity, the attitude to the printed word, and the understanding of its goals. He wrote feuilletons in the Aesopian manner due both to precensorship and directly to satirical objects similar to their predecessors. Additionally, Volkhovsky employed irony as a central technique to achieve a comedic effect, thereby eliminating the option of employing satirical methods. Furthermore, the publicist brought many of the methods of his literary predecessors to a new level.
Tolstoyan text in the work of Andrei Bely
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Kurianova Valeria V.
Published: November 2024

The paper explores the creative heritage of Andrei Bely, with a focus on the elements of the text created by Leo Tolstoy as a personal literary supertext. This text is argued to be founded on a myth about Leo Tolstoy that has evolved for a century and a half, gaining significance in the early 20th century as Tolstoy’s spiritual influence becomes more recognized and his tragic exile is comprehended. The analysis examines the structure of the myth, identifying typical mythologemes created and reproduced by Bely and reflecting his poetic worldview and personal attitude to the works and personality of Loe Tolstoy. The analysis covers the lyrics, articles, and memoirs of Bely in the context of the problem under study. Emphasis is placed on the uniqueness of the representation of Tolstoy’s text in the creative heritage of Bely, which stems from the similarity of worldviews, sacralization of the great image of the writer, and rejection of criticism and profanation of this image in fiction, publicism, and memoirs of his contemporaries. Unlike other modernist movements, the Symbolists did not aim to overthrow the idols of the past. On the contrary, they defended a certain continuity of tradition, especially concerning such a distinctive author as Bely. However, their desire to protect Tolstoy’s authority also contributed to the creation of a biographical myth about the writer. The paper also explores the peculiarities of the perception of this myth in the culture and literature of the first third of the twentieth century.
Anna Akhmatova and her co-authors at work on translations
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rubinchik Olga E.
Published: November 2024

The paper focuses on the challenges encountered by researchers studying and republishing poetic translations by Anna Akhmatova or those published under her name. Initially, Akhmatova declined to translate poems on commission. However, in the mid-1930s, she occasionally started accepting such work, and by the 1950s and 1960s, she became a professional translator, solely for financial reasons. The most complete presentation of her translations can be found in a two-volume edition published from 1998 to 2005. During the 1950s and 1960s, Akhmatova translated the works of over 150 poets, totaling over 22,000 lines. The work required the assistance of co-authors. This collaboration was informal, with the poems attributed to Akhmatova and the contributing author receiving payment. This paper provides a list of Akhmatova’s co-authors. However, it is necessary to consider each case individually, as it is often unclear which parts were translated by Akhmatova, which were translated by a co-author, and which were translated collectively. The volumes of Akhmatova’s Collected Works that contain the translations do not adequately address this issue. This study examines selected examples to reveal other deficiencies in these collections. It is worth noting that any new collection of Akhmatova’s translations should involve the participation of a team of scholars. The reason for this is that the extensive material requires comprehensive revision, which entails substantial and laborious research.
Cartography in Cyberethnography (Using the Example of the Indigenous Peoples of Russia)
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the RAS, Belorussova Svetlana Yu. , Siuziumov Arsenii A. ,   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the RAS
Published: November 2024

With the advent of ethnographic knowledge in Russia, that is, studies of nationalities and ethnic groups inhabiting the territory of the country, maps began to be used to characterize the ethnic composition of Russian society. Reflecting on the role of the Internet in everyday communication, modern ethnographers complement traditional methods with so-called cyberethnography: the study of online communication within and between ethnic communities. The purpose of this article is to explore the possibilities of using cartography to visualize not the physical, but the virtual space of (interethnic) communication. The virtual ethnicity of the indigenous peoples of Russia has been selected as the object of mapping. By mapping the virtual space, we have tried to identify trends in the representation of the identity of indigenous peoples, as well as to identify the role of tradition and innovation in their ethnic culture. The article examines the virtual experience of three ethnic groups – Vods (Leningrad region), Besermyans (Republic of Udmurtia) and Nagaibaks (Chelyabinsk region). The combination of one of the oldest mapping technologies and a new method of cyberethnography makes it possible to take detailed account of ethnic interaction in the digital space. Like various camera angles in the cinema, with the help of cartographic research and database analysis, we observe – in an enlarged or remote way – the processes of dynamics and statics, activation and passivation in the network. This work is the first attempt to test the tools of GIS technologies for indigenous small peoples in the digital space, and subsequent studies have prospects for deepening and expanding, detailed study with the involvement of additional sources and materials. Social networks provide opportunities for visualized representation of ethnicity, and how to embrace, study and present it sometimes depends not only on specific tools, but also on the imagination of the researcher.
Heritage and cultural production as factors of deperipheralization of a small town on the example of Tarusa (Kaluga Region)
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Liubimova Nataliia S. , Mochalova Maria A. ,   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the processes of cultural (re)production in Tarusa as one of the small towns of Russia. These processes, which are often associated with memory and heritage, and whose actors accumulate their own social capital, according to the authors, affect qualitative changes in the urban environment and transform a seemingly well-established “provinciality". The key theoretical framework of the study is the concept of “deperipheralization” by urbanist M. Kuhn, in which the “peripherality” of the city is considered not as an established spatial fact, but as a social configuration formed in unequal relations of power and subordination, as a continuous process in which different aspects can be distinguished, and which can be reversed. Thus, deperipheralization processes may occur in the life of peripheral communities aimed at the development of these communities. The article describes two research cases: a) the history of the traditional cultural practice of embroidery called “Kaluga color perevit' (embroidery)”, which went from a local handicraft based on manual labor to a wide industrial production known throughout the country, and then, due to the economic crisis and the sharp reduction in factory work in the 1990s, “moved” into the heritage space with its paternalistic discourse; b) the modern practice of artistic mosaic, introduced into the urban community by one entrepreneur, integrated into other urban cultural practices and spaces and accumulating the development of new places of memory and initiatives related to heritage and commemoration. These cases of cultural production can be considered as independent deperipheralization factors contributing to the growth of social capital in small town.
BALKANLARDAN BİR HOŞ SADÂ: GARÎBÎ-İ VARDARÎ VE ŞİİRLERİ
Authors: Çavuşoğlu Halime , Gözitok Mehmet Akif
Published: November 2024

Türk edebiyatının münbit coğrafyalarından olan Balkanlar, yetiştirdiği pek çok ediple Anadolu sahası Türk edebiyatına önemli katkılarda bulunmuştur. Tezkire yazarlarınca Balkanların “mecma‘-ı şuarâ u menba‘-ı zürefâ”sı olarak kabul edilen Vardar Yenicesi ise yetiştirdiği yirmi bir şairle Osmanlı kültür coğrafyası içinde en çok şair yetiştiren yöreler sıralamasında üst sıralarda yer almaktadır. Hayâlî, Hayretî, Usûlî, Yûsuf-i Sîneçâk gibi klasik Türk edebiyatının önemli şairlerinin yetiştiği Vardar Yenicesi’nden Anadolu’nun edebiyat tarihine değer katan bir diğer isim ise Garîbî-i Vardarî’dir. Tezkirelerde biyografisine yer verilmesine rağmen divanı günümüze ulaşamadığı için çağdaşları kadar pek tanınmayan Garîbî’den devrinin tezkireleri övgüyle bahsederek onun iyi bir şair olduğu hususunda ittifak ederler. Tezkirelere kayıtlı birkaç şiiri dışında şiirlerinin varlığından haberdar olunmayan ve hakkında derli toplu hiçbir çalışma yapılmayan Garîbî-i Vardarî üzerine hazırlanan bu çalışmada, öncelikle şairin birincil kaynaklardan biyografisine yer verilecek; tezkirelerde, nazire ve eş‘ar mecmualarında tespit edilen şiirleri bir araya getirilecek; bu şiirlerden hareketle şairin edebî şahsiyeti, sanatı ve şiiri üzerine değerlendirmelerde bulunulacaktır.
Burdurlu Çilzâde Mustafa Ağa (1801-1857)
Authors: Gölen Zafer
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı Tanzimat sonrasındaki yenileşme çağında, taşradaki güç odakları ile yöneticiler arasındaki ilişkiyi Burdurlu Çilzâde Mustafa Ağa’nın hayat hikâyesinden yola çıkarak incelemektir. Bilindiği gibi Osmanlı Devleti XIX. yüzyılda tüm enerjisini yeniliklere harcamıştır. Ülke her alanda çok ciddi bir dönüşüm yaşamıştır. Ancak bu dönüşümün taşrada ne kadar kabul gördüğü önemli bir tartışma konusudur. Kadimden gelen gelenekleri ya da insan davranışlarını değiştirmek o kadar da kolay olmamıştır. Art arda değişen idari, askerî ve mali değişime rağmen şehirlerdeki güç odakları değişmemiştir. Güçlü bir isim olan Mustafa Ağa da taşradaki her güç sahibi kişi gibi Burdur’a atanan resmî görevliler ile çatışmaktan çekinmemiştir. Onun biyografisi XIX. yüzyıl Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki yerel güçlerin kamu idaresine müdahale ve yönlendirmesine güzel bir örnek teşkil etmiştir. Tabii her güç sahibi yerel otorite gibi o da gücünü kişisel servetini artırmak için kullanmaktan çekinmemiştir. Çalışma tamamen birinci kaynaklara dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Devlet Arşivleri Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi, Burdur Şeriye Sicilleri ve salnamelerde yer alan bilgiler detaylı olarak tahlil edilmiş; belgenin tarihi, belgelerde kullanılan dil, kayıtlardaki isim ve mühürlere bakılarak belgeleri üretenlerin kimlikleri gibi açık olmayan ancak çok önemli ipuçları sunan hususlar dikkatle incelenmiş ve bu tür çalışmalarda nasıl bir yöntem izlenmesi gerektiğine dair dolaylı bir örnek ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
A Book Teaching Turkish to Children Through Berlitz Method in Turkey in 1910s
Authors: Topuzkanamış Ersoy
Published: November 2024

This research aimed to investigate a coursebook titled Metod Berliç’den Tedris-i Lisan-ı Türki, Kısm-ı İptidai (Turkish Language Teaching through Berlitz Method, Basic Part) that was written to teach Turkish to foreigners in 1910s. Orhan Salahaddin, then the teacher of Old Turkish at Istanbul Berlitz School and of French at Ottoman University, is the author of the book. Also known as the natural method, this method, which suggests that the process of acquiring a mother tongue and the process of learning a foreign language should be similar, aims primarily to develop speaking skills. The 113-page book begins with brief information about the Berlitz method and suggestions for teachers. After the alphabet instruction, language teaching begins with question-answer technique based on a text in sections called lessons containing various visuals. After the lessons section, teaching is reinforced with reading passages. In this study, the adaptation made by Orhan Salahaddin and Berlitz’s book were compared and changes made in the Turkish book were addressed. The most profound difference between the two books is that Orhan Salahaddin, in contravention of the method, included French translations of many Turkish statements in his work and changed the texts. The book is quite notable in Turkey for being the first Turkish book to have ever been written in accordance with Berlitz method.
Saliva as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus)
Authors: Kouser Azra , Anjum Rubeena , Vijay Pradakhshana , Raj Ruchika , Khanam Wajiha , Jehan Ayeda
Published: November 2024

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging illness that has rapidly spread across the globe. First identified in late December 2019, this new strain had not previously been detected in humans. The novel coronavirus isolated by researchers was subsequently named the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). COVID-19 can be diagnosed through various methods, with RT-PCR being the gold standard for these tests. The most common sampling techniques involve swabs from the nose, throat, or mouth. Saliva, a critical biological fluid containing several diagnostic biomarkers, plays an important role in detecting SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. Its use offers numerous benefits and helps researchers better distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
Integration of cone beam computed tomography for interdisciplinary diagnosis and treatment planning
Authors: Santosh Reddy K , Guttal Kruthika S , Nandimath Kirty , Voora Taruni
Published: November 2024

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has revolutionized dental imaging by providing precise three-dimensional visualization of hard tissue structures with minimal radiation exposure compared to conventional CT. This review explores the integration of CBCT in interdisciplinary diagnosis and treatment planning across various fields of dentistry. CBCT offers versatile applications including assessment of impacted teeth, airway analysis, temporomandibular joint evaluation, detection of jaw pathologies, and precise diagnosis of dento-maxillofacial fractures. Its ability to generate static and rotational 3D images aids in surgical planning and treatment outcome prediction. Furthermore, CBCT plays a crucial role in orthodontics for localization of impacted teeth and evaluation of craniofacial anomalies such as cleft lip and palate. In periodontics and implantology, CBCT facilitates detailed assessment of periodontal structures, bone defects, and precise implant placement. Additionally, CBCT assists in maxillofacial prosthetics by enabling virtual surgical planning and custom prosthetic fabrication. This paper underscores CBCT as an indispensable tool in modern dental practice, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment precision, and patient outcomes across diverse clinical scenarios.
Endodontic management of distinctive anatomic aberration with maxillary 1 molar -a case report of three mesiobuccal canal on one side and taurodontism on contralateral arch
Authors: Sankhyan Vanshish , Negi Shabnam , Ohri Tanvi , Gupta Simran
Published: November 2024

The present case describes root canal treatment in a maxillary first molar with unusual anatomy of MB3 canal in one arch and Taurodontism on the contralateral arch. Understanding the differences in root canal morphology is crucial to the success of endodontic treatment. Taurodontism in the contralateral maxillary molar is an uncommon condition. A male patient was referred for the treatment of maxillary right and left first molar tooth. Clinical examination of the pulpal floor revealed 3 orifices in the mesio-buccal root in #16 while Taurodontism in #26. The tooth was treated successfully. Anatomic variations must be taken into consideration in clinical and radiographic evaluation during endodontic treatment.
Closure of persistent oroantral fistula: Utilizing buccal fat pad, sticky bone, and buccal advancement flap in a three-layered approach – Case report
Authors: Uday Juturu , Kurien Denis Jacob , Shetty Deepthi , Anehosur Venkatesh
Published: November 2024

Oroantral communication (OAC) is a pathological connection between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus, commonly caused by various factors such as tooth extractions and pathology. Various techniques have been employed to address oroantral fistulae (OAF), predominantly focusing on soft tissue closure and neglecting the bony defect, which is crucial for prosthetic rehabilitation. This case report highlights a novel three-layered closure technique utilizing buccal fat pad (BFP), Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) membrane, and a sticky bone graft composed of autogenous and xenograft with i-Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF), combined with buccal advancement flap and collagen membrane for OAF reconstruction. This innovative approach offers promising outcomes for OAF closure, enhancing patient outcomes and minimizing postoperative complications.
Persuasive Acts in the AsianGuyStream’s YouTube Contents
Authors: Soedjarwo Gabriella Novainty , Saskara Gabriella Inggita
Published: November 2024

Skill and strategy are essential in persuasion. By implementing appropriate strategy and having a good speaking skill can make someone be a good persuader. Successful persuasion can even move other people to do almost anything. Studying persuasion is under the notion of pragmatics since pragmatics studies the use of language in certain context, in this case the context is persuasive attempt. Atsu, the famous Genshin Impact content creator, implement the hope theory in persuade his viewers to keep wishing. This theory is an appropriate strategy since in Genshin Impact, players need to spend game resource even money if they want to maximize the character and weapon’s potential through wishing. This system is so-called gacha; in gacha games, the players do not know exactly what they get. thus Atsu kept giving hope to the viewers that they will get the rewards after spending much resources or money. This strategy is shown to be successful since Atsu, most of the time, was successfully delivered his persuasive attempt. The data was taken from the videos uploaded in his YouTube account under the name of AsianGuyStream. The data was stored by screenshotting the persuasive expression and analyse them using hope theory and visual aids.
The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training with Different Duration on Fibrinogen and Plasma Viscosity in Sedentary Male College Students
Authors: Tayebi Seyed Morteza , Mirzaei Meraj , Niaki Abbass Ghanbari , Gatabi Rohoullah Haghshenas
Published: November 2024

Background: There have been few investigations into the impact of high-intensity interval training on blood rheology.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate how high-intensity interval training conducted with different duration affects fibrinogen and plasma viscosity in sedentary young college men.
Methods: For this study, 36 healthy male participants were selected and grouped based on their individual characteristics. The groups included a control group (n = 9), a 45-second training group (tr-45; n = 9), a 30-second training group (tr-30; n = 9), and a 15-second training group (tr-15; n = 9). The training regimen comprised six sessions over two weeks, with varying sets (4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 4 respectively) and durations of 15, 30, and 45 seconds for different groups. There was a fixed 4-minute rest interval between each set, with a consistent load of 0.6 on the Wingate cycle ergometer. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the final session to analyze fibrinogen and plasma viscosity levels.
Results: There were no significant differences between groups in plasma fibrinogen levels (F3, 32 = 2.303, P = 0.96). However, post-test analysis revealed a significant decrease in plasma fibrinogen in the tr-45 group (P = 0.027) compared to pre-test levels. Plasma viscosity did not significantly change between groups (F3, 32 = 0.651, P = 0.058), but there was a significant interaction between time and group (F3, 40
= 4.43, P = 0.009). Post-test analysis showed a significant decrease in plasma viscosity in the tr-45 (P = 0.010), tr-30 (P = 0.002), and tr-15 (P = 0.003) groups, while it significantly increased in the control group (P = 0.004) compared to pre-test levels.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that high-intensity interval training can effectively decrease blood rheology and factors such as fibrinogen and plasma viscosity, with the 45-second HIIT being more efficient. Therefore, incorporating this training into Physical Activity Programs could be beneficial for inactive men.
Comparison of RT.PCR and ELISA Methods in the Diagnosis of Human Cytomegalovirus in Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Chalandar Fatemeh Bali , Fakhar Haniyeh Bashi Zadeh , Rezaei Fatemeh
Published: November 2024

Background: In kidney transplant recipients prone to infections like cytomegalovirus (CMV), a vital need for an accurate diagnostic method is evident. This study at Khorshid Laboratory in Tehran rigorously compares real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for CMV detection in transplant patients.
Methods: In January to March 1400, 70 kidney transplant recipients were assessed for CMV DNA using RT-PCR and concurrent ELISA tests, with statistical analysis aided by SPSS.
Results: In kidney transplant patients (average age: 49.40 ± 13.64 years), 4.3% tested positive for CMV via PCR. Strong correlation between serological and molecular methods. IgG and IgM antibody detection both showed high sensitivity and specificity, advocating for efficient CMV diagnosis at Khorshid Laboratory, Tehran.
Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for a quick and efficient CMV diagnostic approach in kidney transplant patients. The strong correlation between molecular and serological methods favors using the faster RT-PCR method, crucial for timely management, especially with the increasing age- related CMV incidence. The findings strongly recommend RT-PCR integration for enhanced sensitivity in kidney transplant patients at Khorshid Laboratory, Tehran.