bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Link Budget Analysis and Architecture of a Proposed VSAT Based E-Learning System for ARCSSTE-E
Authors: Fashade O.O. , Omotosho T.V. , Akinwumi S. A. , Salu B.O.
Published: October 2019

E-Learning is aderivative of information technology and has been generally recognized as a modern tool for learning and teaching other than the conventional method of learning (which involves physical contact between the student and the instructor). The case study for the proposed system is the African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in English (ARCSSTE-E) in Nigeria. Thepurposeof the centre is to develop quality indigenous space scientists in English speaking African countries for the development of various application of space science and technology for sustainable national and regional development. Therefore, to accomplish this, the centre plans to develop the skills and knowledge of candidates in four significantareasof space science and technology such as; Remote Sensing & GIS, Satellite Meteorology and Global Climate, Satellite Communication and Basic Space and Atmospheric Sciences. This paper presents the VSAT architecture, link margin calculations and link budget analysis done to implement the proposed VSAT based E-learning system for the Centre. This is a conceptual frame work. The proposed system is to enhance the centre with tremendous potential to reach out to people within Anglophone countries that cannot make it down to ARCSSTE-E due to lack of sponsorship, constraint in time, distance,Financial or other challenges.
The Prospects of Virtual Laboratories in Engineering Education across Africa – A Case Study in Electrical Engineering
Authors: Samuel I , Adenugba F , Adesanya A , Daudu A , Owolabi B , Ogbe D
Published: October 2019

A lot of African countries are underdeveloped owing to the lack of good education. In most African countries the poor economic health is responsible for the lack of proper infrastructure in the education sector. Therefore, the need for alternative means to educate the future generation arises. In Engineering a lot of laboratory work and apparatus are required, whereas only a few Universities can afford this. In Electrical Engineering for instance,” electrical machines” is a very vital topic that requires a lot of laboratory work. The analysis of induction machines is very expensive to experiment on in the lab, and this machine is the most widely used in the industry. This educational gap means that graduates are underequipped and unable to perform optimally in the industry without rigorous training exercise. This study investigates the use of a virtual laboratory (LabVIEW) to model and analyse induction motors with the aim of achieving results that closely conform to the standard characteristics of induction motors. The results obtained confirm that the use of virtual laboratories should be encouraged where finance is a problem as accurate results were obtained from the study.
Spatial and Temporal Trends in Diurnal Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Benson Nsikak U. , Nwokike ChisomG. , Williams Akan B. , Adedapo Adebusayo E. , Fred-Ahmadu Omowunmi H.
Published: October 2019

Global warming and changes in precipitation patterns are among the major effects of climate change. In this study, the long-term variability in ambient surface temperature and precipitation were evaluated in the north central region of Nigeria (Abuja, Kogi, Kwara, Niger, and Plateau) using meteorological observations obtained from 1975 to 2008. Daily precipitation data from synoptic weather stations were carefully quality-controlled using the RClimdex 1.1 developed by Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring and Indices (ETCCDMI). The quality-controlled dataset were homogenized using RHtestsV4 and the detected change points were adjusted. Results showed a decrease in cool nights and cool days (TN10P, TX10P), and increasing trend in warm nights and days (TN90P, TX90P). The trend in rainfall is variable compared to changes in temperature. The precipitation indices indicated increasing trend in total annual precipitation (PRCPTOT), and a significant decrease in the number of consecutive wet days (CWD) in this region. In general, regional changes in climate temperature and precipitation extremes were significant (p < 0.05) and could result in serious climate induced effects.
PCB DESIGN USING LOCAL TECHNOLOGY AND AutoCAD
Authors: Orosun R. O , Orosun M. M , Salawu N.B , Ige S.O
Published: October 2019

This paper focuses on the production of printed circuit boards for use with both domestic and industrial electronics. The use of printed circuit board (PCB) design software, methods of design transfer to copper boards, etching and post-production tasks were undertaken and are described in detail in this paper. The relevance of this paper is appreciated for its unique ideas and methods of incorporating local technology into modern PCB design with proven reliability, precision and economic advantages.
Analysis of principles of equivalence and suppression in resistivity sounding technique
Authors: Adetola Sanuade Oluseun , Olayide Amosun Joel , David Oyeyemi Kehinde , Adesola Olaojo Abayomi , Sanmi Fagbemigun Tokunbo , Idowu Faloyo Jane
Published: October 2019

The principles of equivalence and suppression in resistivity sounding technique are phenomena where different resistivity models may produce resistivity curves that are essentially the same. The understanding of these phenomena could be of great importance in using resistivity sounding technique for citing boreholes in places underlain by Basement Complex rocks. In such areas, it would be difficult to identify the fractured/weathered bedrock from the sounding interpretation. This is because the resistivity of the weathered layer is usually intermediate between those of the adjacent layers (i.e. residual overburden) on top and the fresh bedrock below. Therefore, it is important to analyse the problems of suppression and equivalence in resistivity sounding data for estimating thickness and resistivity of the subsurface layers. Several resistivity models were generated ranging from two-layer to five-layer models to investigate these phenomena. The apparent resistivity curves were plotted for these models. The results show that the problems of suppression and equivalence exist in resistivity sounding data. Hence, geophysicists should not make any a priori quantitative inferences using the shape of the resistivity sounding curve.
Investigating the potential of Calophylluminophyllum plant base oil for oil and gas drilling mud operations
Authors: Onuh C. Y. , Dosunmu A. , Anawe P. A. L. , Bolujo E. O. , Olabode O. A. , Ogunkunle T. F.
Published: October 2019

The environmental and cost advantage of non-edible plant oil for potential base oil in oil and gas drilling mud formulation is a drive for its use. The seed of Calophylluminophyllumthe plant oil was processed, pulverized, and oil extracted using chemical method. The extracted plant oil and commercial synthetic oil was used to formulate drilling mud and comparative analysis were made using the physicochemical properties of the oil samples, mud rheological properties under sixteen hours and 240 °F aging and non-aging effect for a 7 and 9 g viscosifier, and rheological models in describing the mud. The commercial synthetic oil and Calophylluminophyllum oil shows a flash point of 101 ± 0.1 and 164 ± 0.1; density of 108 and

172

(

kg

m

3

)

; viscosity index of 192 and 163; acid value of NIL and 24.24; and oil yield of NIL and 71 % respectively. The rheological properties of Calophylluminophyllum oil-based mud were higher than the synthetic oil-based mud. It was also observed that the increase in temperature and viscosifer decreases and increases the rheological properties respectively of all mud samples. The synthetic and Calophylluminophyllum oil-based mud increased in the rheological properties after aging test. In the overall estimation of the root mean square error (RMSE) values, coefficient of determination R
2 values, and the fitted plots analysis. The Herschel Bulkley and the Sisko model had a much better description in predicting the experimental data for the synthetic oil-based mud. The hyperbolic, Herschel Bulkley and Sisko model had good description for the experimental data of the Calophylluminophyllum oil-based mud.
Soil characterisation for precision agriculture using remotely sensed imagery in southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Kayode O. T. , Aizebeokhai A. P. , Odukoya A. M.
Published: October 2019

Remote sensing techniques have been widely used for spatial assessment of soil properties. Traditional techniques involving soil sampling and laboratory analysis are expensive and labour intensive for large areas. High resolution remote sensing data and geographic information systems (GIS) were used for spatial characterization of soil properties in southeast Nigeria. Thesoil parameters investigated include soil texture, pH and drainage pattern. Thetexture, which indicates the sand, silt and clay content in the soil, showed that sandyclay and loamy sand are predominant for the areas investigated. The soils pH ranged from slightly acidic to strongly alkaline. The study has been specifically conducted to making adequate soil data available and acts as a reference for improving soil quality within the area.
A seasonal geo-spatial study of unconsolidated surface stream sediment grain size of Anambra Basin
Authors: Ayogu C.N , Phil-eze P.O. , Ayogu N.O , Iweanya R.I
Published: October 2019

This study is aimed at identifying the characteristics of unconsolidated sediment in the Anambra drainage basin. Grain size parameters determined were: skewness, mean size, sorting, and kurtosis. A measurement of 100gramms of sediment samples were collected at 12 sampled station in rainy and dry season and were oven dried for sieve analysis. At the rainy and dry seasons, sediments mean size (MZ) were dominated by sand which spanned from coarse to fine. Sorting (δ1) ranged from poorly to moderately sorted while skewness (SKi) were positive to negative, while kurtosis (KG) was between leptokurtic to very leptokurtic. The sediment grain size showed no variation with respect to season because p>0.05(mean size (p = .138), sorting (p = .301) and skewness (p = .956).
Aquifer characterization of some parts of Ijebu Igbo using electrical resistivity methods
Authors: Adekoya S.A , Coker J.O , Oladunjoye H.T , Adenuga O.A
Published: October 2019

Groundwater aquifer mapping is a scientific process, where-in a combination of geologic, geophysical and hydrologic analyses are applied to characterize the quantity, quality and sustainability of groundwater in aquifers. A total of ten (10) Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and six (6) two dimensional (2-D) Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) lines were achieved. The 2-D ERT lines were carried out on a length of about 240 m – 320 m using Dipole-dipole electrode configuration. Acquired 2- D and VES data was processed using RES2DINV and WINRESIST software respectively. The VES results obtained showed that the study area has 3 to 4 geoelectric layers with the following lithology namely; the topsoil, partially weathered, fractured layer and the fresh bedrock. The topsoil has a resistivity value of about 609 Ωm. The thickness and the depth representation of weathered basement and fractured basement vary from one another. They have a resistivity value of about 128 Ωm and 1089 Ωm respectively. The 2-D inverse models obtained from the area showed the presence of vertical contacts and fractured zones that can serve as an aquifer for the surveyed area. The pseudosection of the inversion results unravel the two profiles with saturated fractured basement where adequate groundwater can be obtained. The Iso-Pach map showed high contour closures which are good signature for good to moderate groundwater potential zones on profiles four, five and six (VES 7,8 and 9). In contrast, profiles one, two, three (VES 2 and 6) displayed low closures which depicts low overburden thickness and categorically means poor groundwater potential zones.
Simple and Reliable methods of Estimating Ground Heat Flux at a Tropical location in Nigeria
Authors: Otunla T.A. , Oluwafemi S.M.
Published: October 2019

Ground heat flux (Go) plays an important role in the partitioning of energy budget at earth’s surface. The estimates of G0 are required as part of boundary conditions by all general circulation models. In this work, reliability of four simple and computationally cheap models was tested against a more complex and reliable model as the reference. The simple models selected for investigation are: Simple measurement (SM), Percentage of net radiation (PR), Universal function of net radiation (UR), and Linear function of net radiation (LR) models. Force restore model (FR) was used as the reference model.

The data of soil temperature measured at the surface and 0.05 m depth, soil heat flux, measured at 0.05m, and net radiation were obtained from Nigerian Micrometeorological Experiment, Ile Ife. Force restore model was first calibrated with direct measurements for soil heat flux at 0.05 m depth with satisfactory result before it was employed to generate reference G0 estimates. Estimates of SM, PR, UR and LR were compared with FR using simple statistics of coefficient of determination (R2), slope, intercept, root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE).

The SM model reproduced the day-time and night-time variations of G0
better than all the models that parameterized G0 as a function of net radiation (R2slope, intercept, RMSE and MBE values of 0.85, 0.87, 3.43W/m232.69, W/m2-3.70 W/m2 respectively). This model however requires measurement of both soil heat flux and temperature. The LR model generated the best estimates of Go
out of all the models that utilized net radiation measurements (R2slope, intercept, RMSE and MBE values are 0.60, 0.58,4.55 W/m2, 53.81 W/m23.60 W/m2 respectively) while UR model is the worst. The LR model, though depend only on one measurement, requires site-specific calibrations and can therefore be deployed for gap filling where SM model cannot be used
Short review on run-off water challenges in developing countries
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Igwe F. , Olowoeshin M. R. , Agiobu T.L.
Published: October 2019

Run-off water has been the main source of water supply in most countries of the world. However, it is prone to pollution that can affect life form when not properly treated. In this short review, the two sources of pollution for run-off water were examined. It was discover that the main agent that affects run-off water in developing countries is variability of atmospheric precipitation.
New process for synthesizing chitosan from snail shells
Authors: Oyekunle Daniel T. , Omoleye James A.
Published: October 2019

Chitosan is widely known for its unique properties such as nontoxicity, biodegradability, antimicrobial and antifungal properties. It has been used widely in medicine, beverage purification, wastewater treatment, food, and allied industries. The most prevailing method for producing chitosan involve deproteinization, demineralization, decolorization and de-acetylation of chitin. Frequently, during the intermittent intervals of these processes (deproteinization, and demineralization), the products are washed to neutrality, dried before the next phase (discontinuous processes). In this work, we introduce a time and energy saving economic process of demineralization of the deprotenized snail shells through elimination of the drying stage. The yield, moisture content and degree of deacetylation of chitosan produced from the two processes were examined. The chitosan produced from the two processes had similar surface structure and matching FTIR bands. The higher chitosan yield of this energy saving process makes it more economic.
Effect of air pollution on agricultural outcome over Faya
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Emmanuel Okoro Emeka , Samuel Sanni E. , Adagunodo T.A. , Abodunrin T.J. , Emetere J.M.
Published: October 2019

It has been reported that aerosol deposition on the leaf is absorbed as nutrient. The proximity of Faya to the Sahara desert has contributed immensely to the net aerosol loading over the area. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) was obtained from satellite measurement (Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer). After treating the AOD satellite dataset of fifteen years (2000-2013), aerosol loading over Faya was derived. The dataset is important to understand the yearly aerosol loading influence over the area. In this way, the excess aerosol deposition on the leaf may be detrimental to the health of the plant and hinder its productivity.
Radiological risk assessment in some imported tiles from China and its possible health implication for Nigerian users
Authors: Joel E.S , Maxwell O. , Adewoyin O.O. , Adagunodo T.A. , Olawole O.C , Akinyemi M.L , Arijaje T.E , Embong Z.
Published: October 2019

This investigation was carried out to ascertain the natural radionuclides contents in the tiles imported from China for Nigerian use and its radiological risk using gamma-ray spectroscopy. Hyper-Germanium detector (HPGe) was applied to 7 brand samples of tiles exported from China to Nigeria for building-related issue in order to determine the concentrations of radioactive materials such as 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K present in the imported tiles sample. The concentrations for the ceramics tiles in terms of average were observed to be 58.20 ± 0.52, 161.50 ± 9.45 and 455.70 ± 15.12 Bq/kg respectively for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K. Radiological risk indices which include radium equivalent activity, dose rate, both hazards that occur externally and internally, Annual Effective Dose (mSv/y), Gamma (Iγ) and Alpha Radiological Index (Iα) were evaluated for the imported tiles. The mean values estimated were: 317.16 Bq/kg; 153.92 nGyh−1; 0.87; 1.08; 1.52 mSv/y; 1.15 and 0.29 respectively. The mean value of radium equivalent estimated in this study is within the range of international reference acceptance value while the absorbed dose rate is higher.
Toxicological Evaluation of Some Commercial Paints in African Catfish (ClariasGariepinus)
Authors: Doherty V F , Aneyo I A , Adeola A , Samuel O B , Usman M , Adeyemi A O
Published: October 2019

Commercial paints sold in Nigerian markets contain Lead which is hazardous to the health of humans and the environment. These toxic heavy metal, Lead in paints eventually find their way into the aquatic environment disrupting the ecosystem and causing harm to aquatic biota. The aim of this study was to determine and assess the biological effects of two Lead contaminated paints on the African catfish (Clariasgariepinus). Acute toxicity followed by chronic toxicity was carried out to investigate the effect of the Lead contaminated paints on lipid peroxidation, Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspatate Transaminase (AST), Alkaline Phosphate (ALP), protein and glucose in the exposed Clariasgariepinus. Lead level was also determined in the paints and tissue of the exposed fish. Results show that the coloured paints have higher Lead content than white paints, with FC orange paint having 97.88ppm level of Lead which was the highest. Acute toxicity experiment showed that the 96 hour LC50 value was 16.16mg/l for orange and 22.28mg/l for white, both of FC paint; yellow and white color of V paint has 17.16mg/l and 29.14mg/l respectively. FC paint (Orange) was most toxic. There was significant differences in the concentrations of ALP, AST, ALT, glucose, and protein between the exposed and control fishes. There was no significant difference in the levels of lipid peroxidation observed in the exposed and control fishes. Results show varying concentrations of Lead in the gills and skin of fishesexposed to Leadwhile control fish recorded no Lead level. Measures should therefore be taken to regulate the Lead content in commercial paints locally manufactured, the Lead content in the paint released into the environment is bio-accumulated in fishes as shown in this study which has health implications when consumed by humans.
Assessment of radon concentration in groundwater within Ogbomoso, SW Nigeria
Authors: Abiodun Oni Emmanuel , Aanuoluwa Adagunodo Theophilus
Published: October 2019

The study is aimed at investigating the level of radon and to determine the health effect connected to radon in drinking water. A total of thirty (30) water samples were randomly investigated in Ogbomoso using an active electronic device RAD 7, produced by Durridge Company USA. The radon concentrations within the study area vary from 0.60 to 2.64 Bq L−1, with the mean value of 1.86 Bq L−1. The committed annual effective doses due to ingestion vary from 6.25 × 10−3 to 1.93 × 10−2 mSv y−1, with mean values of 0.02 mSv y−1. The radon concentrations in water samples of Ogbomoso are lower than the threshold as set by both United States Environmental and Protection Agency, and European Commission of 11 and 100 Bq L−1 respectively.
Safety evaluation of Terminalia catappaLinn (Combretaceae) aqueous leaf extract: Sub-acute cardio-toxicopathological studies in albino Wistar rats
Authors: Nonso Iheagwam Franklyn , Obiageli Okeke Chiamaka , Christianah DeCampos Opeyemi , Uche Okere Daniel , Olujoke Ogunlana Olubanke , Nwodo Chinedu Shalom
Published: October 2019

This study evaluated the safety of sub-acute administration of Terminalia catappa L. aqueous leaf extract (TCA) on cardiac biochemical parameters. Graded concentrations (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) of TCA wereorally administered daily for 28 days. Cardiac biochemical parameters of toxicity were thereafter accessedusing standard methods forsuperoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, protein levels, cholesterol, triglyceride, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase. TCA treatment did not alter the heart weight and cardiac biochemical parameters. Nonetheless, at 800 mg/kg, the antioxidant profile was significantly improved after TCA treatment. There was no mediated sign of treatment toxicityas well asa change in cardiac histological architecture. T. catappaaqueous leaf extract is relatively non-toxic to the heart at the experimental doses and also within the test period.
Status of trace metals in smoked Clarias gariepinus cultured in earthen pond in Lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Akinsorotan A M , Jimoh J O , Omobepade B P , Adene I C
Published: October 2019

Catfish consumption has risen over the last 2 decades with its popularity more pronounced in a cosmopolitan, commercial and industrial region like Lagos state. However, there is a need to measure the level of anthropogenic induced impacts on the safety level of fish production within this environment for human consumption. This research determined the level of trace metals bioaccumulation within the three senatorial districts of Lagos state. A total of nine (9) fish farms (three from each senatorial district) operating earthen ponds were randomly selected. Water samples from the farms were also collected and analyzed for heavy metals. Fish samples were smoked before analysis. The trace metals such as chromium, cobalt, iron, lead, aluminum and copper and manganese was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result of the trace metals were 0.07 – 0.13 mg/kg (lead), 0.01 – 0.02 mg/kg (chromium), 6.75 – 7.77 mg/kg (iron), 3.05 – 3.89 mg/kg (manganese), 0.05 – 0.07 mg/kg (copper), 0.00 – 0.01 mg/kg (cobalt) and 0.00 – 0.01 mg/kg (Aluminum). Statistically, there is no significant difference (P>0.05) among the various locations except for aluminum. The trace metal levels were below the tolerable or allowable level for fish food as recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization or World Health Organization, Median international standard, European Union, United State Environmental Protection Agency and Water Pollution Control Legislation for fish food. The detection of lead above standard in the water suggests the need for frequent monitoring of the water quality and fish food to prevent possible toxicity that could arise from the consumption of the fish food from the study area.
Analytical treatment of spin-1/2 particle subject to a combination of potentials
Authors: Onate C.A. , Obaseki O.S. , Lukman A.F. , Abolanriwa A.
Published: October 2019

By using the fundamental principles of supersymmetric quantum mechanics methodology and parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov method respectively, we obtained both the positive and negative (spin and pseudospin symmetries) energy equations of the Dirac equation with scalar and vector potentials. The nonrelativistic limit of the spin symmetry was obtained, and this was used to calculate Fisher information for both position space and momentum space respectively. The behaviour of eigenvalue energy with both the angular frequency and equilibrium bond length respectively were studied. Five special cases of the potential under consideration were also studied. Finally, we examined the feature of Fisher information with the angular frequency which was found to obey Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Ion Beam Treatment of Polyethylene
Authors: Oyewande O. E. , Olabiyi O. D. , Akinyemi M. L.
Published: October 2019

A polymer like polyethylene (PE) has attracted intense research exploits in recent years due to their inherent versatile properties like high optical clarity, mechanical properties, light weight and high packing density. PE is the simplest of all commercial polymers used for making catheters, meshes, artificial joint, drug delivery packages (biomedical applications), light emitting diode, electrical bio-sensing, solid state battery, and plastic containers. Over the years, several techniques have been employed to enhance the properties of the polymer surface which include surface etching, laser deposition, plasma deposition, ion implantation technologies and doping. However, this study is concerned with ion-beam sputtering of PE to investigate its sputtering yield dependence. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations of a PE system were performed to deduce the thermodynamics properties of the system at relatively high temperature (700 K). The results show that the sputtering yield of PE system is dependent on the incident angles and the ion energies. Additionally, the peak of the sputtering yield was found to be around 83° incident angle. Also, the temperature of the PE system varies with the time steps imposed on it. Finally, the structural and dynamical properties of the PE show minimal fluctuations as the density of the polymer linearly increases across the duration.
Development of Tomato Septoria Leaf Spot and Tomato Mosaic Diseases Detection Device Using Raspberry Pi and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Emebo Onyeka , Fori Barka , Victor Geteloma , Zannu Temidayo
Published: October 2019

Machine learning techniques are revolutionizing multiple industries, various researches have been put forward as regards mitigating pest and disease effect on food production. The ability to identify plant disease on time can help reduce the level of destruction caused by the diseases. This paper proposes the use of Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) as classification technique using keras and tensorflow python machine learning libraries to build a model deployed on a hand-held raspberry pi device for on-site plant disease classification. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) can automatically recognize interesting areas in images which reduces the need for image processing, training images were gotten from plantvillage.org and split into training, testing and validation sets, the training images were augmented and fed into a DCNN model for training the model was then tested on the test set to check against overfitting before finally used to detect disease on the validation set which showed very positive results. Results from this research shows that DCNN and the framework in this paper can be used to develop highly efficient plant disease detection models.
Effect of surface diffusion algorithm on nanostructure formation in a semi-empirical Monte Carlo model of sputter erosion of materials
Authors: Oyewande Oluwole E , Babalola Israel B , Usikalu Mojisola
Published: October 2019

A semi-empirical ion sputtering model (SEISM) was extended for clearer ripple profiles on material surfaces on which atoms self-organise into rippled topography. The improvement was by way of modifying the sputter erosion algorithm with implementation of the curvature dependence of sputter yield and the avoidance of shadowing effect. And by way of modifying surface relaxation through adaptation of a surface diffusion algorithm that is popular in Monte Carlo simulations of material growth by particle deposition (growth of thin films) as a replacement for the surface reorganisation algorithm of the SEISM. Prior to these extensions, the SEISM model exhibited some characteristic properties of sputtered surfaces but gave indistinct ripples. With the extensions, the model gives a clearer indication of distinct ripple topographies. Specifically, surface stability was improved when the original surface reorganisation algorithm of the SEISM was replaced.
Physico-chemical remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil
Authors: Ayeni Augustine O. , Oyekunle Daniel T. , Adegbite Oluwatosin , Alagbe Edith , Ejekwu Olayile
Published: October 2019

This study exploited the solvent extraction and mechanical agitation techniques for the remediation of soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The removal of pollutants from diesel contaminated site through ethanol, hexane, and ethanol-hexane mixtures was evaluated. 50 g dried contaminated soil was placed in a Soxhlet extractor and 250 ml solvent (ethanol, or hexane, or ethanol-hexane mixture) was added with extraction occurring at different temperatures of 30, 35, 45, 50, and 60 °C for 16 h. Mechanically agitated method was carried out by weighing out an equal amount of 50 g of the contaminated soil, thoroughly washing with 250 ml of ethanol, hexane, and equal ratio of ethanol to hexane. Qualitative analysis recovered PAHs was done by Agilent series gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector. The chromatographic evaluations of the solvent extraction of the contaminated soil showed that more of the polluted compounds were removed when hexane was the solvent. The maximum yield of extracted diesel by the solvent hexane was 11.84% at 60 °C. Extracted diesel removal was also directly proportional to periods of extraction.
Suitability of spectrophotometric assay for determination of honey microbial inhibition
Authors: Akinduti PA , Motayo B , Idowu OM , Isibor PO , Olasehinde GI , Obafemi YD , Ugboko HU , Oyewale JO , Oluwadun A , Adeyemi GA
Published: October 2019

Commonly used methods for determination of antibacterial potency of honey are usually the disc, agar well diffusion and dilution plate assay which had shown various demerit of inaccuracies and impreciseness. Therefore, the suitability of spectrophotometric assay for determination of honey inhibitory activity is evaluated in this study. Honeys from different sources in southwest states in Nigeria were assayed for antibacterial activity using 96-well micro-titre plate spectrophotometric methods to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against enteric bacteria strains. The honey inhibition assay of Nigerian honeys tested against enteric bacilli showed more than 90% inhibitory activity. Among all the honeys sample assayed, only two honeys reveal a very low MIC of 31.25 and 125mg/mL. The use of spectrophotometry is a precise method to determine honey inhibitory rate and it is proven to be suitable highly sensitive, reproducible, specific, reduced cost, fewer amounts of sample and reagent are required.
Closed form root of a linear Klein–Gordon equation
Authors: Edeki S. O. , Anake T. A. , Ejoh S.A.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, solution of the linear version of Klein-Gordon equation is considered via the application of natural transform combined with decomposition method. Hereafter, referred to as natural decomposition method (NDM). This proposed method shows viable improvement and reliability in usage compared to the classical natural transform. Illustrative example(s) are considered, and the solution (root) is shown to follow a closed form. Therefore, the NDM is recommended for highly nonlinear differential models both in pure and applied sciences.
A digital indicator system with 7-segment display
Authors: Akanle Matthew B. , Oguntosin Victoria
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the design and implementation of a digital system that uses a 7-segment display to indicate the number of drug tablets in a tablet-bottling assembly line. As well as display the number of tablets in a bottle (from 0 – 9), the display can also indicate the name of the vitamin tablet being assembled (Vitamin A, b, C, d, E). This work presents the digital implementation comprising the logic expression, logic circuit and VHDL code for the Vitamin type in the bottle. A digital implementation to display the number of Vitamins in the tablet bottle as well as the Vitamin type with a BBC microbit microcontroller is presented. The application of this work can be extended to give a visual indication of any industrial application that requires indication of the current production stage/phase.
Study on Application of Virtual Reality in Eye Disease Prevention
Authors: Zhang Yingfang , Sang Juehui
Published: October 2019

Virtual reality with computer technologies as the core and in combination with related sciences can generate a digital environment highly approximate to the real environment in aspects of visual sense, auditory sense and touch sense, etc., and characterized by high immersion and interactivity. It has been widely used in the medical field, but rarely used in disease prevention, especially in science popularization and prevention of eye diseases. This paper focuses on the study on the application of VR in eye disease prevention and presents a mobile phone App. It utilizes virtual reality as the presentation form, augmented reality as the connection tool, Unity3D as the development engine, and Oculus as the device carrier for further display and experience. It uses shader to add special effects for the camera lens in its simulation of eye disease's symptoms, which allows common people to experience the world seen by the patient of eye disease through the mobile phone camera, understand their inconveniences in daily life, and thus offer them more respects through understanding. At the same time, it can allow people to know the hazards of these diseases, and pay more attention to eye health, thus reaching the result of eye disease prevention.
A Machine Vision System for Online Metal Can-End Rivet Inspection
Authors: Stivanello Maurício Edgar , Marcellino Kleber Juan
Published: October 2019

Can end rivet fracture is considered a serious defect that may arise during the manufacturing of metal cans used in food industry. Its occurrence may result in inefficiency of the easy-opening system, leakage or contamination of the food. Thus, an inspection procedure must be performed in order to remove the defective can ends from the production line. However, the location of the rivet and the characteristics of the fracture defect make it difficult to use simple devices for online inspection of 100% of the cans. In this paper, a new method for detecting fracture defects in can end rivets based on machine vision is described. In the proposed technique the rivets are detected employing Otsu segmentation, morphological filtering and connected component analysis. The classification of each rivet as being defective or non defective is performed using a minimum distance classifier based on circularity and area features. The software and hardware architecture of a real time inspection system and the technical aspects for its integration into a production line are presented. The described system can achieve an accuracy as high as 98.13% for rivet defects detection according to experiments and tests performed in real conditions of use.
An Anthropometric Dimensions Measurement Method Using Multi-pose Human Images with Complex Background
Authors: Chen Yidong , Wang Yigang
Published: October 2019

Automatically acquire anthropometric dimensions using two-dimensional images, providing a convenient, effective and low-cost way for measuring anthropometric parameters. In the existing methods, the background and posture of the user are highly restricted, and the anthropometric dimensions obtained by using the ellipsoid model is not accurate enough. On this observation, we propose a new method for measuring the anthropometric dimensions. This method integrates the deep learning method with the deeplabv3 and openpose frameworks, and introduces the contour matching method to get anthropometric dimensions instead of using ellipsoid model. Experiments show our method can effectively dealing with the complex background and posture problems, and improving the accuracy.
Creative Innovation of Augmented Reality for Promote Sustainable Tourism of Chiang Mai Moat
Authors: Jomsri Pijitra
Published: October 2019

Currently, augmented reality technology has been broadly applied to serve numerous purposes. There is a potential that the application will grow even more rapidly in the future. Augmented reality technology has been raised to assist tourism industry. Thus, this research implemented augmented reality technology to advocate Chiang Mai moat areas by presenting information on nine major temples located around the city’s moat in the form of augmented reality demonstration. The assessment result of system efficiency and application satisfaction was in a very good level. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed application is considered a technological innovation that benefited Chiang Mai moat area’s tourism. It provided information on the local tourist attractions in an easy to access augmented reality presentation which prompts more tourists by increasing informative channel that can boost tourism value.
Training with Virtual Learning Environments for Industrial Refrigeration Systems
Authors: Yanchapanta F E , Santo B S , Terán H C
Published: October 2019

This article describes an application for the training of engineering students and industrial refrigeration plants, based on virtual learning environments. The application developed in the Unity 3D engine allows the interaction and immersion user and environment; through the modeling of a cooling system by steam compression, the inclusion of disturbances using Matlab software that allows the manipulation of dependent variables to have a more realistic background in combination with the bilateral communication TCP / IP protocol. The exchange of information in real time between the two programs is essential because feedback between user and environment is needed, the user manipulates the system while updating its parameters according to the thermodynamic variables evaluated by Matlab. The application presents three training modalities, i) Pedagogical scene: conventional refrigeration module, ii) Industrial scene: real refrigeration installation, and iii) Failure mode; in order to relate the environments and integrate the user for that improve competencies and skills through the manipulation, supervision, and operation of processes. The result of this study is a virtual application based on the characteristics of virtual learning environments. Finally, the virtual application is validated with respect to a real one, disturbances influence the performance of the system is analyzed and the interaction with the environment is tested.
A Data-driven Approach for General Visual Quality Control in a Robotic Workcell
Authors: Reich Simon , Teich Florian , Tamosiunaite Minija , Wörgötter Florentin , Ivanovska Tatyana
Published: October 2019

Setting up computer vision quality control tasks in a robot workcell is expensive, time consuming, and often requires expert knowledge. In this work, a highly adaptable approach to mitigate this issue is introduced. First, an ontology of atomic building blocks is defined, where each block represents one computer vision algorithm. Second, these blocks are used to generate a complex graph structure. The generation follows a set of rules, which can be shown to the inexperienced worker as a list of simple questions. Afterwards, this graph can be refined. Finally, the graph is integrated into the robotic assembly sequence, and the visual quality control procedure can be executed. Two industrial use cases show the feasibility of this approach. Thus, this work leverages computer vision aided quality control tasks in robot workcells.
Visualization Technique for Mutation Functional Analysis
Authors: Pacheco S , Al-Mubaid H
Published: October 2019

A great body of research have been devoted in the past two decades to understanding gene functions, gene mutations, and mutation-disease relationships. In this paper, we present a method for exploring and understanding mutation functions using visualization and graphics representation. Functional annotation of human gene mutations is an important step in mutation pathogenicity prediction and understanding diseases progress and mechanisms. The presented visualization method is based on identifying the most significant and most specific sets of functions for a given set of mutations under a target disease or medical condition. The presented visualization allows for easy and effective understanding of the details and differences among the various sets of functions of the given mutations under certain disease or medical condition.
A Hybrid Image Segmentation Model Based on GMM and CV Model
Authors: Gao Mingyan , Tang Yan
Published: October 2019

Traditional CV level set segmentation model is vulnerable to image noise and non-uniform gray level in the target area, which affects the segmentation accuracy. In this paper, We propose a new image segmentation model, which combines Gaussian mixture model(GMM) and CV level set image segmentation algorithm. We use the GMM foreground detection result as important prior information of CV level set image segmentation in order to integrate multi-information. We add different gray values to foreground area and background area to increase contrast. We put the new different gray values into the level set function to construct new energy terms and it effectively minimize inaccurate edge location caused by the image noise and uneven gray scale in image. In this paper, our method compares to LIF, LBF, RSF and other CV level set image segmentation algorithm, and the experiment result shows that our method is better than others and achieves faster convergence.
Single-view and Multi-view Methods in Marker-less 3D Human Motion Capture
Authors: Xu Tong
Published: October 2019

Human motion capture has now played a pivotal role in more and more applications, including biomechanics, sports, image segment, animation, robotics, etc. Although commercial marker-based human motion capture models have matured, the shortcomings, such as obtrusion, expense, errors due to damage to the marker trajectories, long set-up times and etc. exposed by this approach are becoming more and more apparent. Marker-less human motion capture analysis is likely to provide inexpensive and efficient solutions to solving these problems for the reconstruction of human motion in the future. In this paper, we discuss and compare the background and characteristics of marker-based and marker-less human motion capture models. Then we divide the marker-less human motion capture into single view and multi view and display some popular models. These methods are also categorized according to their internal logic and algorithms. Finally, we present some of the major shortcomings of the current marker-less human motion capture models and the future direction of development.
Deep Learning based Discharge Information Extraction for Ultraviolet Image of Electrical Equipment
Authors: Lin Ying , Qin Jiafeng , Zhou Jiabin , Li Chengqi , Zhang Zhenjun , Zhu Mei
Published: October 2019

Convolutional networks are powerful visual models that transform images into more effective representations. To make full use of this technique, we propose a new method based on deep learning and convolutional network to effectively get the discharge information of an ultraviolet (UV) image. We firstly segment the equipment region and the UV spot region separately by using the DeepLab network, and then several properties which can show the discharge information are extracted on the basis of the segmentation. The use of the DeepLab network helps to get a reliable segmentation result, and more accurate discharge information. We take 5000 UV images to test our network, and use the concept mean IOU to evaluate its performance. The results show the advantage of the method, and it can meet the demands of further fault diagnosis.
Research on Vehicle Appearance Component Recognition Based on Mask R-CNN
Authors: Qianqian Zhu , Sen Liu , Weiming Guo
Published: October 2019

Recognition of vehicle exterior components is one of the most important core algorithms in the process of intelligent propulsion. This paper focuses on the recognition algorithm of vehicle appearance parts, which can detect the position of vehicle appearance parts and recognize the name of the parts in the image. This paper applies enterprise self-built datasets. Firstly, the vehicle close-range dataset is produced by tailoring in data enhancement. Secondly, the models based on ResNeXt-50+FPN, ResNeXt-101+FPN, ResNeXt-50 backbone network and Mask R-CNN are applied in three stages: panoramic dataset, panoramic dataset and panoramic close-range integrated dataset. Finally, the network model based on ResNeXt-101+FPN and Mask R-CNN is the best on the comprehensive dataset.
Fast high-power thyristors triggered in impact-ionization wave mode
Authors: Gusev A. , Lyubutin S. , Patrakov V. , Rukin S. , Slovikovsky B. , Barnes M.J. , Kramer T. , Senaj V.
Published: October 2019

GTO-like thyristors 5STH-2045H0002 (4.5 kV, 18 kA/μ s) developed by ABB semiconductors are currently used at CERN in LHC Beam Dumping System (LBDS): high-power switches with high dI/dt capability and low turn-on delay time are required. Implementation of the impact-ionization triggering in GTO-like thyristor enhances its switching performance and gives new information about semiconductor physics. In this work thyristors of 5STH-2045H0002 type triggered in impact-ionization wave mode are investigated. A semiconductor opening switch (SOS) generator providing a dV/dt of several kV/ns was used as a source of triggering pulses. A thyristor switching time of approximately 200–300 ps was observed. Maximum discharge parameters were obtained for two series connected thyristors at a charging voltage of 10 kV, and a capacitor stored energy of 300 J: peak current of 43 kA, dI/dt of 120 kA/μs (limited by the discharge circuit), Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of 1.5 μs. A single thyristor was tested in the repetitive mode at the charging voltage of 4.2 kV, and the stored energy of 18 J: peak current of 5.5 kA, dI/dt of 40 kA/μs, FWHM of 1.5 μs were obtained. No thyristor degradation was observed after more than one million pulses at a PRF up to 1 kHz in burst mode. Thyristor recovery time was 250 μs. The switching efficiency was up to 98% depending on dV/dt and stored energy.