bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispensing of quantum information beyond no-broadcasting theorem—is it possible to broadcast anything genuinely quantum?
Authors: Heinosaari Teiko , Jenčová Anna , Plávala Martin
Published: February 2023

No-broadcasting theorem is one of the most fundamental results in quantum information theory; it guarantees that the simplest attacks on any quantum protocol, based on eavesdropping and copying of quantum information, are impossible. Due to the fundamental importance of the no-broadcasting theorem, it is essential to understand the exact boundaries of this limitation. We generalize the standard definition of broadcasting by restricting the set of states which we want to broadcast and restricting the sets of measurements which we use to test the broadcasting. We show that in some of the investigated cases broadcasting is equivalent to commutativity, while in other cases commutativity is not necessary.
Enhancement of the Performance and Accuracy of Soil Moisture Data Transmission in IOT
Authors: Khattar Sonam , Verma Tushar
Published: February 2023

The need for soil moisture data transmission in IoT is growing thus there is a need to improve the accuracy and performance of such IoT systems. The focus of this research is on soil moisture that is detected by IoT sensors. IoT sensor data is collected and transmitted to the farmer or user. Using deep learning, actuators can take be trained to take remedial action in case of need, such as the sprinkling of water in the agricultural environment. The main focus of research is to measure data and enhance accuracy and performance. Sensors are used to monitor and record every aspect of the environment in their respective settings. The most commonly utilized sensors include proximity sensors, temperature sensors, smoke sensors, etc. Since human population, industry, and energy consumption are all expected to rise in the next decades, environmental monitoring tools and applications must be upgraded to be more accurate and efficient. The detection and measurement of soil moisture is the initial step for smart agriculture. With the use of agricultural control centers, farmers may identify crops in need of treatment and figure out the best quantity of water, fertilizer, and pesticides to administer based on sensor data and imagery input. For farmers, this ensures the soil gets the proper quantity of chemicals for optimal health, while also cutting expenses and minimizing environmental effects, all while reducing waste. The objective of the research work is to improve the accuracy and performance when soil moisture data is transmitted over IoT devices.
Sustainable Utilization of Calcium Carbide Residue along with Polypropylene Fiber Waste Materials for Accessing Swelling and Strength Characteristics of Black Cotton Soil
Authors: Hadi Afzali Mohammad , sharma Abhishek
Published: February 2023

Due to industrialization and modernization, huge amount of waste generated by many industries causes a huge threat to the human health, environment and aqua life due to disposal problems. The present study focuses on utilizing industrial wastes to strengthen geotechnical properties of black cotton soil. The toxic compounds included in calcium carbide residue (CCR) created by the acetylene gas companies and polypropylene fiber made by the textile mills are both highly polluting. These materials can be utilized in soil stabilization alone and in combination in various proportions to obtain the finest subgrade material. The use of such industrial waste for subgrade soil stabilization is a cost-effective way of building pavements. This study examines the effects of addition of different percentages of CCR and fiber contents on Atterberg’s limits, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio.
Stabilization of CSEBs with the addition of industrial and agricultural wastes
Authors: Rajput Aayushee , Sharma Tarun
Published: February 2023

In today’s world, most of the developing countries are trying to build houses with more durability and with low cost. Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks are the best option for building cost-effective and sustainable houses. In red bricks, cement is used as a binder but in CSEBs, there is no requirement of cement. A large amount of pollution is generated during the manufacturing of cement as well as in the construction of red burnt bricks. To overcome this situation, CSEBs are used. Waste materials like fly ash, bagasse ash, rice straw etc, can be used for the construction of compressed earth blocks. The use of industrial and agricultural wastes as binders and fibres in place of cement for the construction of CSEBs can reduce the pollution caused by cement production as well as will lessen the construction cost. In this study, agricultural waste like rice straw and industrial wastes like bagasse ash and marble dust are used for the preparation of CSEBs. Rice straw acts as a fibre and marble dust acts as a binder for CSEBs. This makes these blocks economical as well as eco-friendly. This study has been done to show that CSEBs are better in strength, durability and are cost-effective than the red burnt bricks and can replace these bricks in coming future. A total of 27 combinations of percentage were taken into consideration for this study and for each combination 3 specimens were constructed. These specimens were cured in open atmosphere under the shed. And a small quantity of water was sprinkled over the specimens every day. Tests like OMC, MDD and tensile strength test were performed on these blocks after 28 days. It was noticed that tensile strength increases with rise in marble dust content. Overall, it was observed that CSEBs are better than the cement blocks as well as red burnt bricks.
Enhancing the strength characteristics of rigid pavement by usingcattle bone ash and steel fiber as an additives
Authors: Subhan Sumiya , Kumar Er Mukesh
Published: February 2023

Generally the concrete consists of fine aggregates, cement, coarse aggregates and water. t had seen that construction cost of materials increases day by day, so we can use an alternative building material that is easily available, economical and improves the strength of concrete. Concrete slabs made of portland cement are used to make rigid pavements, which are placed directly on granular sub grade or on sub base made of granular material. Loads of the slabs are transmitted to the from slabs to the sub grade beneath. So, adequate design and necessarily its life, strength and durability is primary concern now-a–days. The issue focused is the failures of the rigid pavement resulting in deterioration of concrete as joint spalling, shrinkage cracking, corner breaks, durability cracking etc. Many attempts have been seen to maintain and repair the concrete from deterioration. By adding some additives in the concrete the strength, rigidity and ductility of the concrete increases. Cattle bone ash and steel fibers are such additives that are primary focused in this research paper in order to increase the strength of the concrete. CBA has been partially replaced by cement and steel fiber has also been added. The high portion of CaCO2 of CBA in its composition makes it an effective additive to increase the strength in concrete. Similarly, steel fiber can increase the ductility, post cracking, strength resistance to fatigue in the concrete. So, the research paper is focused to have a glimpse over the area of application to increase the strength characteristics of the concrete. This expansion will bring about progress of different properties like tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the substantial testing. Thus, the eloquences in engineering potential and quality development of rigid pavement projects.
A Comparison Of Single And Multiple Jets In Terms Of Aeration Efficiency
Authors: Puri Diksha , Sihag Parveen , Kumar Rajesh
Published: February 2023

Water treatment is required to meet the needs of an ever-increasing population. A variety of aeration strategies can be used to aerobically maintain liquid waste by supplying an adequate supply of oxygen to microorganisms present in the organic content of wastewater. In this investigation, seven different screens with single and multiple holes totaling 30.75 cm2 were used. The screens were designed to accommodate a variety of jet counts. The influence of variables such as the number of jets, discharge, and froude no on aeration efficiency was studied. The discharge rates of 4.750 l/s, 3.84 l/s, and 3.41 l/s were tested on each screen. The results suggest that the variables studied had a significant impact on aeration efficiency.
Evaluation of Seismic Response of Composite Buildings under Near-Field Earthquakes
Authors: Mehta Rahul , Bhandari Mohit
Published: February 2023

This paper represents the effectiveness of the bracing system concerning the seismic performance of steel-concrete composite buildings by comparing 5-storey composite buildings with and without bracings subject to extreme earthquake loads. The nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) is carried out on the specific building models considered for this study. The seismic response is obtained in terms of different seismic response parameters which are further compared to determine the effect of the bracing system. The results obtained by applying real earthquake records of different near-field & far-field earthquakes were compared for three earthquake response parameters which include base shear, inter-storey drifts, and storey displacements. The bracing system is very effective in resisting the seismic force when subjected to extreme earthquakes as it increases the overall stiffness of the building. The bracing system improves the overall performance of the composite building by reducing the inter-storey drifts and maximum storey displacement under extreme earthquakes.
A Study of the Behaviour of Concrete using Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Jaglan Rahul , Mahajan Ankit
Published: February 2023

Pollution waste is regularly increasing, and environmental preservation continues to grow a complex issue owing to the manufacture of burnt bricks & poor management of waste. This study uses an unfired compressed dirt block stabilised by solid waste as the test subject. Tests here on cubes was carried out to assess their compression characteristics & mechanical characteristics. 2 type of samples are prepared one with regulated Rice husk temperature burn (500-650 c) & another one is unregulated rice husk temperature burnt. Total number of blocks created are 36 blocks. The sample is prepared of different amounts of R-h replacement 10percent, 15 percent, 20 percent & 30 percent; R-H Ash with 20 percent replacement of regulated one have better mechanical properties overall. These investigation results revealed that blocks and the right proportion of waste products might be made. The mechanical properties of a block containing R-h ash are also increased.
Suitability evaluation of groundwater for drinking and agriculture purpose in Una District, Himachal Pradesh (India)
Authors: Gautam D , Vaid U , Khaki Q Z
Published: February 2023

The study’s goal is to analyze the suitability of the sub-surface water of Una district for drinking and agriculture purposes. The data related to physico-chemical parameters of groundwater of district Una was obtained from Central Groundwater Board’s website and compared to the BIS standard (10500:2012). The values of Ca2+, Cl−, F−, and SO4
2- were found to be below the acceptable limit. pH, TDS, Alkalinity, Mg2+, TH, and NO3
− had values that were above the acceptable limit at a few sites, but within the maximum permissible limit. Furthermore, as per the observed values of Total dissolved solids (TDS), Electric conductivity (EC), Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Percentage sodium (Na%) and Permeability Index (PI), the groundwater of Una district is suitable for irrigation purposes. However, Kelly’s Ratio (KR), Magnesium ratio (MR) and Residual sodium-carbonate (RSC) values revealed that groundwater is unfit for irrigation at few sites only. The value of Corrosivity Ratio (CR) was more than 01 for 11 sites indicating that the groundwater of these sites is corrosive in nature and can be transported only via non-corrosive pipes in these locations.
Role Of Selective Soil Parameters In Assessing The Soil Quality Affected By Cement Dust To Enhance The Foundation Engineering And Earth Sciences
Authors: Shabir Unsa , Kumar Sharma Nitish
Published: February 2023

The Central Pollution Control Board has listed cement industry as one of the major polluting industries and has been ranked great for deteriorating the quality of air and unbalancing the environment in our Country. It has played foremost role in altering the quality and properties of soil by altering its vital parameters. At Jammu and Kashmir Cements Limited, Khrew, the goal of this study is to see how cement dust affects electrical conductivity, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, accessible nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and bulk density. The current investigation discovered significant changes in the above soil properties in the three study sites. The study is conclusive that that these parameters could be used as indicative parameters in assessing the quality of soil effected by cement dust.
Impact of silica fume and PET fibre over the strength aspects of the concrete
Authors: Singh Amitoj , Arora Nitin
Published: February 2023

In this exploratory research, PET fibre and silica fume were practised for the intensification of the commonplace concrete. PET fibre was practised at dissimilar proportions of 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25% & 1.50%, while the silica fume was practised at 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, 12.5% & 15.0%. for practising the research work in efficient manner purest form of both kinds of constituents were purchased from India-Mart and the physical and chemical composition details for both the constituents were provided by them. Then several samples were prepared depending upon proportion of PET fibre and proportion of the silica fume. Then all the samplings were examined for resistance against the compressive loads, resistance against the tensile loads, resistance against the flexural loads, quality of the PET fibre-Silica fume based modified concrete and its water absorption. The outcomes of the compressive load application test reveals that with the usage of the silica fume most significant value was attained at 15 % practice of the silica fume. Then this silica fume was utilized in combination with the PET fibre. In this particular case most, significant value was gotten at 15% practice of the silica fume and 1.25% of PET fibre. These kinds of outcomes were mainly attained due to the highly reactive nature of the silica fume and it reacts with the cement in a more reactive manner and leads to improved outcomes. The outcomes of the flexural loads and tensile loads application test were similar to the application of the compressive loads and the maximum value in both the cases were attained at 15% practice of the silica fume and 1.25 % application of the PET fibre. It was mainly due to the high tensile strength of both silica fume and PET fibre. The outcomes of the rebound hammer and UPV examination were similar and the best and optimum results were gotten at 15% practice of the silica fume and 1.25 % application of the PET fibre. These kinds of outcomes were mainly attained due to the highly reactive nature of the silica fume and it reacts with the cement in a more reactive manner and leads to improved outcomes.
Effects of Stone Dust on Lime Stabilized Granular Soil.
Authors: Peter M A
Published: February 2023

This Paper investigated Materials by adding percentage of Stone Dust on the 10% Lime treated soil and observe the improvement of Geotechnical properties. This method expected to improve the Performance of Flexible Pavement by treating the Sub-base Materials locally available in the Construction corridor. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of granular materials by varying the percentage of Stone Dust 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% on the 10% Lime treated soil. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) was analysed as the measure of Performance of Flexible Pavement. Investigation showed that as the increase in Lime CBR values increased to 22.4% at 10% Lime compared to 4.7% at 0% but after addition of Stone Dust CBR observed to be improved from 22.4% to 47.1% at 30% Stone Dust which is equivalent to 47.6%. Either as the increase in Lime content the UCS has shown an improvement by 24% where at 2% UCS value was 0.8Mpa and at 10% UCS value was 3.3Mpa after seven days curing and submerged into water for four hours as per standards, as the addition of Stone Dust on the 10% Lime treated Soil UCS values has been increases slightly from 3.3Mpa to 4.76Mpa at 30% Stone Dust + 10% Lime. As the study jointly analysed the associated factors for the Performance of Flexible Pavements which were CBR and UCS, therefore it was established the optimum 10% Lime + 30% Stone Dust content of and established.
Physico-Chemical Analysis of Groundwater in Noida-Ghaziabad Region
Authors: Singh S , Singh V P , Garg P , Shukla B K
Published: February 2023

Groundwater quality in Noida and Ghaziabad has been decreasing in recent years as a result of industrial operations and pollution. The primary goal of the present work is to investigate the groundwater quality indicators in the various key locations of Noida and Ghaziabad. Different physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater in these locations were investigated in order to quantify the influence of these parameters on the environment in general and human health in particular. pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness, carbonates, bicarbonates, turbidity and chlorides were measured. pH, TDS, alkalinity, hardness, and chloride content were found to be 7.35-9.05, 0-30 mg/l, 140-975 mg/l, 170-335 mg/l, and 39.90-939.70 mg/l respectively. The acquired results were compared to the permitted limits set by the Indian water quality standard IS:10500-2012 and recommendations were made to improve the water quality of the study region in order to make the groundwater suitable for consumption.
Climate trends of a typical apple growing mid- hill district of Himachal Pradesh.
Authors: Arundhati  , Bhagat R.M
Published: February 2023

For four sample decades, the study examined the long-term climate trends along with the area and production changes in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. A database was collected for maximum temperature (Tmax ), minimum temperature (Tmin), and rainfall, and for the area and production of apple for the four representative decades of Chamba region of Himachal Pradesh. It has been observed that trends indicated that temperature in this district showed an increasing trend and precipitation (rainfall) showed decreasing trend. Temperature, rainfall was the main parameters collected along with other meteorological parameters. The minimum and maximum temperature & rainfall data were collected from the records of government departments for the period of at-least 25-30 years. Long term trends were generated to check the change detection. The minimum temperature in Chamba district has shown an increase of 0.36°C and maximum temperature increase by 0.3°C and annual rainfall decreased by 117.95 mm in 36 years. It has also been observed that many farmers are now opting for industrial crops like mushroom, flowers, off season vegetables because of climate change. Due to an increase in temperature, apple crop is getting less chilling hours, which is somehow affecting the quality of fruit. More long term research efforts are required to be conducted in Free Air Temperature Enrichment (FATE) which can enhance this study. This study also indicates that there is an increase in area and production in Chamba district but fluctuation is seen in productivity. Shifting to higher elevation might be temporary solution to meet the chilling requirement but a proper measures need to be taken. The area under apple cultivation has increased substantially from a mere 400 hectares in 1950s to 11. 4 lakhs hectares in 2020s but fluctuation is observed in the productivity of the crop. Considering the vital role that apple has in the economy of Himachal Pradesh, there is a need to study the production and productivity of the apple crop
Comparative analysis of building with shear wall & diagrid structure
Authors: Jaiswal Rishav , Mahajan Ankit
Published: February 2023

The rapid growth of urban population, the lack of spaces in the cities and the high cost of land have already forced the developers to focus on the high-rise buildings. As the height of the building increases, the lateral load resistant system become more important than gravity load resistant system. That’s why it is important to define lateral load resistant system in high rise buildings. So the lateral load resistant systems such as shear wall and diagrid are introduced since they are better in terms of cost, aesthetic and performance. However, the diagrid structural system has become more popular these days due to its efficiency and aesthetic look provided by the unique geometric configurations of the system.

In this study, a comparative analysis has been done on the buildings with different lateral load resisting systems. Five different building model of G+9 story building has been modeled with shear wall and diagrid structure to compare their performance. The design is analysed for seismic zone V and medium soil condition as per IS 1893:2016 using ETABS software. The building is kept the same except for the lateral load resisting system. From the patterns of the results, it was concluded that building models with the combination of shear wall and diagrid module has better performance in term of the maximum story displacement, story stiffness, story drift, base shear, and time period.
Comparative analysis of irregular RCC buildings in different zones
Authors: Hossain Sabbir , Singh S.K.
Published: February 2023

The earthquake is the most devastating and unexpected natural phenomenon, causing massive damage to both human lives and infrastructure. In this study, two different irregulars Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) building plans of 25th story buildings with the ground floor (G+25) and 9th storey buildings with the ground floor (G+9) were subjected to four different zones making a total of eight model structures to test their ability to withstand gravity and seismic loads. The design was response spectrum method (RSM) then subjected to an earthquake load in accordance with Indian Standard (IS) 1893. The earthquake performance is evaluated on the basis of the structure’s design, serviceability, and earthquake power using an extended three-dimensional analysis of building systems (ETABS). The behaviour of building irregularities under seismic loading is investigated in this work. In this study, it has been compared the results in terms of max story displacement, max story drifts, and base shear. It was found that the model in zone 5 has maximum story displacements among all other models as well as higher max story drifts and base shears for both plans of G+9 and G+25. From the result, it was concluded that both the building models in the lower zone showed better performance in terms of max story displacement, max story drift, and base shear.
Dynamic Analysis of Irregular Multi- Storied building using Staad pro
Authors: Verma Abhisheck , Gagandeep
Published: February 2023

The topic “Dynamic analysis of multistoried irregular building using Staad pro”is a topic of major concern as with industrialization and development most of the population opt for urban areas. The structural stability of a building has to be compromised in order to attain lateral loads due to earthquake and wind in concurrence to gravity loads. Hence, it is quite evident for a structure to have sufficient strength and enough stiffness to resist loads. Design and analysis nowadays are convenient as well as affordable just because of the availability of computers and specialized programs. The multistoried building is designed using software Staad pro v8i. The paper deals with analysing three different models of irregular multi story building (G+10) with a height of each floor as 3m having response factor as 5, importance factor as 1.2, soil type as medium soil, structure type 1 with a damping ration of 5% is taken into consideration. The loads being used in the analysis are Dead load which is considered as per IS 875 part 1, live load as per IS 875 part 2 and seismic load as per IS 1893 part 1. The beams, columns and slabs are celibately designed in software. Results of three models are then compared as per storey drift, displacement and base shear.
Repercussion of Open Dumping Ground in the Vicinity at Mantarwadi, Pune
Authors: Barbhai Shantanu , Sharma Puneet
Published: February 2023

Urbanization is taking place at a very fast pace in India. The migration of people from villages to cities is putting a tremendous pressure on the infrastructure in all the major cities. Due to the lack of expertise, the Municipal Authorities continued to dispose of the MSW by dumping it in open areas. The fires and other constant problems at dumping ground along with ground water contamination due to leachate causes a lot of opposition from Nongovernment Organizations (NGOs). Municipal solid waste (MSW) is diverse in nature and includes biodegradable materials as well as paper, plastic, rags, metal, glass, and pieces of metal. Aside from these additional components, MSW also includes scrap materials, waste papers, dead animals, abandoned chemicals, paints, toxic hospital waste, and agricultural leftovers. The biological waste produced by clinics, hospitals, nursing homes, pathological laboratories, blood banks, and veterinary centres has until to this point also been dumped at the dumpsite with MSW. Solid waste is a waste type that includes predominantly household waste which sometimes includes the addition of commercial waste collected in a given area. Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) is responsible for collection, storage, segregation, transportation and disposal of all solid waste generated in the city. In the present research work describes an attempt to assess the different parameters on the leachate collected from the Mantarwadi dumping site, Pune. Leachate from landfills has the potential to contaminate both surface and ground water if left unchecked. Within a single location, the leachate’s composition varies substantially. The age of the landfill, the types of trash, the degree of decomposition that has occurred, and the physical alteration of the garbage are some of the variables that determine composition. Once groundwater is contaminated, it is uneconomical to retrieve the same. The waste from Pune City is disposed of by the Pune Municipal Corporation at Mantarwadi (Urali devachi depot), which is located 20 km away from Pune City. At Mantarwadi, over 1200–1300 metric tonnes of solid trash from the Pune municipal area are disposed off each day.
Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Rosa Sericea a medicinal plant
Authors: upman Khushi , Sharma Ajay
Published: February 2023

Plants have majorly been used for medicinal purposes since the Vedic era. Since the dawn of time, flowering or aromatic plants have been playing an important part in humanity. Medicinal Plant-based treatments are currently used by approximately 80% of the world’s population due to their low cost, high availability, fewer side effects, and other factors. One of these plants is Rosa sericea, sometimes called the silky rose. Rosa species is a Rosaceae genus that generates medicinal natural products like polyphenolic and terpenoid compounds, which are utilized in a range of traditional medicines. It is indigenous to some parts of northern India and in some parts of southwest China. Medicinal effects can be found in almost every part of the plant. Fruits and seeds are the parts of plants that are utilized as remedies. Rosa plants are used to cure many diseases like headaches, cancer, liver complications, etc. Many fruits of this genus are highly rich in minerals and vitamins, particularly rich in vitamins A, C, and E, and flavonoids and other bioactive substances are also present. Rosa sericea has been used in various research for its pharmacological properties, there is a gap or lack of knowledge on production methods. The review’s goal is to provide academics, healthcare practitioners, and politicians with a systematic way to organize massive amounts of incomprehensible data so that they may quickly incorporate existing data and make balanced decisions. The findings of this study suggest the extension of traditional medicinal usage of the examined plants for the treatment of all of the diseases indicated above. The current review seeks to incorporate some available information on the ethnobotany, phytological, and ecology of this genus as well as its therapeutic features.
Spatio-Temporal Variations in Physico-Chemical Parameters of River Tawi
Authors: Singh K , Dhiman S , Kishor B
Published: February 2023

Pollution-free Rivers confer a signal of a vigorous environment. The present study highlighted the impact on river Tawi. Tawi River is the single river flowing in Jammu city and the longest tributary of the river Chenab. The water samples were analyzed in the month of November 2021. The samples were collected from different five locations (Nagrota, Bagh-e-Bahu, Below Tawi River Bridge, Belicharana, and Surajpur) and investigated the sample in the regional JKPCB laboratory in Jammu. The important parameters ware analysis such as pH, Temperature, Turbidity, DO, TDS, COD, BOD, Total Alkalinity, Hardness, Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, etc. The result shows river is fit for washing and bathing apart from below Tawi River Bridge. In these locations, BOD, COD, and Calcium values were found to be high corresponding to BIS because of the household and municipal waste discarded. Expulsion of waste generated due to development activities and demographic explosion in the basin of the Tawi River turn down the quality of water.
Review of Indoor Air Pollution Cause and Remedy
Authors: Kumar Nirala Nilesh , Chopra Lalita , Manikanika
Published: February 2023

Indoor air pollution is a type of indoor pollution caused by dust particles, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde, benzene, naphthalene, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Radon, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and other chemicals present in indoor air. The health effects of indoor air pollution are gaining more and more attention in the scientific community. In a literature review presenting information on the sources and health implications of various compounds investigated by researchers, the literature review provides valuable insight into how to protect against indoor pollution using international guidelines. Several research papers are found and valuable insights are gathered in a paper. This paper is used to make indoor air pollution policies and raise awareness. The government can help people become more aware of their interior environments, as well as their origins.
A Study on Linkage between Global Warming Indicators and Climate Change Expenditure
Authors: Kaur Arvinder , Tanwar Anita , Kaur Harmanpreet , Singh Jagjit
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have a critical influence on sustainable development and cause global warming, therefore contributing to climate change. National and international governments prioritize measures to mitigate global warming by funding green projects. The study aims to assess the relationship between global warming indicators (emission level of carbon dioxide, methane and greenhouse gas) and India’s climate change expenses incurred for employing renewable energy sources avenues nuclear power plants, efficient waste management, and transforming fuel-based technology with electricity-based to meet the extending electricity need.

Methodology: The secondary data is taken from the World Bank to establish the causality between climate change expenditure and global warming indicators. The augmented dickey-fuller (unit root) test is performed to check the stationarity of the data series. Based on the validated data, the quantum of discharge of CO2, CH4 and GHGs is used to gauge the impact on climate change expenditure through Engle and Granger technique on e-views software.

Findings: The results indicate a positive relationship between CO2, CH4, GHGs emissions and expenditure incurred to implement the mitigation strategies for climate change. The stationarity of the series is established at the first difference. Then regression model is determined through Engle-Granger Test, which depicts the model as a good fit with a 76% prediction level.

Managerial implications: The study provides insight into the successive increase in climate change expenditure which requires the government to frame a more stringent policy to preserve the environment with proper implementation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Green Infrastructure- A Roadmap Towards Sustainable Development
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Mukul  , Kaur Dilpreet , Kaur Amrit
Published: February 2023

India is the fifth more vulnerable country to climate change consequences, with 2.54.5 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at risk every year. In conclusion, India has committed to reducing the greenhouse emissions of its Gross Domestic Product by 33-35 per cent by 2030, compared to 2005 levels. However, India will need to raise $2.5 trillion between 2016 and 2030 to accomplish this goal (MOEFCC, 2015). However, climate-related investments — both public and private — in green infrastructure development remain restricted. While India has taken several measures to solve this issue, rising green investments would need a greater emphasis on India’s infrastructure development. Long-term infrastructure is essential for a better future in an era when India announced that it would begin its decarburization journey to reach specified green targets. Green infrastructure is innovation and practices that employ natural systems to get better the overall value of the environment and provide ecological, social, and economic rewards. The study describes the contribution and investment in green infrastructure to optimize the growth with sustainable development in India. The research reveals that effective planning for green investment helps to maintain the adequate trade-off between development and ecosystem.
Characteristics of Clayey Soil for the Subggrade of Flexible Pavement
Authors: Kumar Nishant , Malik Er. Mohd Irshad
Published: February 2023

Clayey soil is typically firm when they are evaporated and gave its firmness as it looks right on soaked. Delicate clays are related with little compressive strength and beyond preposterous arrangement. This decrease in strength because of dampness prompts serious harm to the structures and substructures. The nature of the soil can experiment with the originator fabricating foundation intent on clayey sediments. This paper is based on the study of the engineering properties of clayey soil. This experimental study depicts the basic attributes of the clayey soil; which further leads to improving the nature or engineering properties of the clayey soil for the subgrade of the flexible pavement. Different tests are to be performed in the laboratory and conduct the desired results.
Seismic response of Special Moment Resisting Frames constructed on plain and sloping ground
Authors: Priyanshu Km , Kumar Vijay
Published: February 2023

Earthquakes are one of the most extinctive natural unpredictable disaster. The major reason of most of the earthquakes are the movement of Tectonic plates and excitation in the earth’s crust. It is observed that many conventional buildings have constructed without considering seismic provisions given by Indian standard codes to escape the disastrous effect of earthquakes which results into the collapse and disintegration of buildings. Therefore, the concept of earthquake resistant building design came into consideration and this is the most crucial aspect when a structure is to be designed for sloping terrain or for the hilly area. This research is carried out to examine the response of structures during the ground oscillations in terms of storey drift, base shear and storey displacement. For research work, 8storey, 12 storey and 16 storey frames are considered which are constructed on plain ground and sloping ground and 20°, 30°and 45° slopes and zone V are considered. All the frames are designed and analyzed using pushover analysis in finite element based software ETABS v-19. Response reduction factor is also calculated for several frames and compared the calculated values with the values given in IS 1893:2016(part- I).
Road Safety Analysis for Accident Prone Stretch on NH103
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Chopra Avani , Singh Gurpreet
Published: February 2023

Road accidents have presently become an major social worry in India which are increasing year by year. These road accidents lead to loss of human life, injuries and property damage which is very serious concern. As per the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG): 2030 relating to transport infrastructure provision of access to safe, accessible, and sustainable transport is the need of the hour. Therefore, road safety becomes very important issues in today’s scenario. In this paper, road safety analysis was done on NH-103 stretch to identify accident/crash black spots. The accidental data was collected from police stations and visual surveys on two lane NH-103 stretch of 58 km. The analysis has been done by using ranking and severity method, accident severity index (ASI) method and accidental density method. and accidental black spots were indentified. It has been found that 6 accidental crash black spots have been identified namely BS-1, BS-2, BS-3, BS-4, BS-5, and BS-6. The reasons for accidents in these blackspots have been traced to suggest counter measures for reduction in number of accidents on this stretch.
Using Random Forest and Random Tree model to Predict the splitting tensile strength for the concrete with basalt fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Almohammed Fadi , Soni Jatin
Published: February 2023

The best model for predicting concrete splitting tensile strength using Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete (BFRC) was found utilising Random Forest (RF) and Random Tree (RT) implemented in this study. A total of 74 datasets were collected for this investigation from various academic papers. The entire data set is split into 51 training data sets and 23 testing data sets. The software which used for analysis in WEKA software. Cement, fine aggregate/crushed sand, coarse aggregate, water, superplasticizer, fly ash, Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete BFRC, diameter, length, and curing time are the input factors, while the compressive strength of the concrete containing BFRC is the output variable. Three performance assessment indices are used to assess the performance of the created models: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Correlation Coefficient (CC). Containing CC (0.9889, 0.9579) and lower MAE (0.0886, 0.1842), RMSE (0.1430, 0.2406) for the training and testing data sets, the Random Forest was shown to be the best model for predicting the splitting tensile strength of concrete with BFRC. And by analysing the sensitivity it shows that the curing time is the most sensitive input among all the inputs.
Analysis of patterns of urban sprawl and surface urban heat island in solan town of himachal pradesh using remote sensing and gis
Authors: Mehta T , Ghoshal S , Mahajan Y , Sharma M , Neha K
Published: February 2023

Rapid unplanned urbanization consequently influencing the land surface temperature globally that lead to Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon that has negative impact on the quality of life of population exist within that area. Impervious surfaces effect the functioning of ecosystem that’s why urban monitoring is important. Present study was focused on detection of presence of the UHI phenomenon in the Solan town of Himachal Pradesh (H.P.) from year 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Multitemporal analysis is performed to analyze trend of temperature using Landsat 5, 7 and 8 thermal infrared sensors processed within Geographical Information System (GIS). Google Earth engine also used as a platform for the detection of urban sprawl with the help of classified map extracted from it. R software used for the detection of fragmentation and other landscape indices on the classified map. Region of interests (ROIs) was created in the urban and surrounding rural area to analyze the difference in temperature and landscape metrics in both of ROIs. Study highlighted the presence of Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) phenomenon in the medium size town of Solan in all the decades with the maximum LST difference of 1.92°C in year 1990, 0.68°C in year 2000, 1.02°C in year 2010 and 2.12°C in year 2020 between the two ROIs. Temperature values in year 2020 has declined due to reforestation in the area and the consequence of global pandemic lead to change in temperature due to lower pollutant concentration. LST variation indicate a rise of 4.61°C in the minimum and 9.19°C in the maximum temperature from 1990 to 2010. Urban sprawl has been reported, the urban expansion was maximum from year 1990 to 2000 in the Centre of city with the percentage of 31.27 km2 while total rate of change in urban surfaces is 131.48km2 which includes rural area along with road has been converted in impervious surface with the passage of years. Overall accuracy of the classified maps was 88%. The classified maps indicate correlation of landscape indices with the urban expansion of town where heterogeneity significantly increased with time whereas patch number and density is increasing with the urban growth and declining with reforestation in the urban and rural ROIs it fluctuate accordingly. This study reported the need of effective and sustainable urban planning method in the developing cities of Himalayas. Policy makers should introduce green spaces and plantation in urban area to mitigate the UHI phenomenon in future.
Comparison between Random forest and M5P to predict the compressive strength of concrete modified with solid wastes.
Authors: Ali Ishrat , Suthar Manju
Published: February 2023

The efficacy of two machine learning algorithms to predict the concrete compressive strength is investigated in this research. For this objective, a vast amount of experimental data from numerous academic research articles was statically evaluated and modelled. In all, 265 observations were considered in this investigation 70% of the data was used for training, while the remaining 30% was used for testing. The data used in this paper was divided randomly. Cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag, limestone powder, fly ash, rice husk ash, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, silica fume, superplasticizer, water, viscosity modifying admixture, and coarse aggregate were among the 11 input parameters employed in the study. The concrete compressive strength was taken as the output parameter of the model. To assess the models’ prediction abilities, correlation coefficient (CC), the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) values were employed. From the results it was concluded that RF-based model outperforms the M5P Model. The CC, RMSE and MAE values for RF are 0.9867, 3.7887 and 2.9244 for training and 0.8668, 9.1723 and 5.8552 for testing stage respectively.
Stability Analysis of Different shapes of Tunnel in Cohensionless Soils
Authors: Singh Yadav Jitendra , Kumar Akshay , Sharma Vaibhav , Singh Karan , Sihag Parveen
Published: February 2023

One of the crucial factors that has gained widespread popularity during the tunnelling construction process is the face stability of tunnel that mainly depends upon the support pressure to be applied at the face of tunnel against the overburden pressure and surcharge loading acting on the earth surface. In this study, stability of different cross sections of tunnels has been investigated in cohesionless soil (loose and medium dense sand) using the Finite Element Analysis software Plaxis 2D V20. Tunnel having cross sectional dimension B as width, D as height positioned at a depth H from the surface of ground. Due to the overburden pressure acting on the face of the tunnel, a suitable uniform compressive pressure is applied at the tunnel periphery in form of lining or anchorage system against the collapse. Variation of deflection at periphery of tunnel is presented for different combinations of H/D and Ф (angle of internal friction of soil), and lining thickness. It is observed that at a particular lining thickness with the increase in H/D, the displacement at the crown in tunnel increases and this could be resisted by increasing the lining thickness. The crown deflection of circular tunnel at particular H/D, lining thickness and Ф was less as compared to semi-circular and square tunnel.
Study of High Temperature Coatings Using Various Substrate Materials
Authors: Kulkarni Santosh , Singh Nain Somvir , Tiwari Jeetendra , Srinivasa Varma B. , Kumar Panthangi Ravi , Kumar Sehgal Anuj
Published: February 2023

Study the mechanical properties for materials to enhance the high strength and durability, wear & tear resistance and cost efficient. The coating can be carried out on various materials done by using different methods of coating based on requirements. Properties will be improved by different coating alloys to improve mechanical properties of materials. Due to their distinctive short-range ordered and long-range disordered atomic organisation; amorphous elements offer higher elastic elasticity and superior corrosion and wear resistance compared to conventional materials. The issues that arise during high temperature coating preparation methods, such as laser cladding and thermal spraying, are first briefly discussed in this overview. Metals are undercooled frozen liquids in the form of bulk metallic glasses.
Modified Anderson-Bjork’s method for solving non-linear equations in structural mechanics
Authors: Ganchovski N , Traykov A
Published: February 2023

One of the greatest problems in numerical methods is to provide high speed and stability at the same time. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid root finding algorithm, based on the appropriate combination of bisection, false position and the Anderson-Bjork’s method. In the general case, the achieved convergence is compatible to the fastest available methods, while stable performance in the worst case is provided. A comparative analysis versus popular root finding algorithms is performed as well. For that purpose, the respective procedures are implemented in the C# programming language. The proposed algorithm is included into the Calcpad engineering calculations platform.
Inspection, structural analysis, and assessment of the existing condition of the tunnel beneath the National Palace of Culture, Sofia, Bulgaria
Authors: Jiponov A K
Published: February 2023

The current paper considers and summarize the elaborated inspection of the existing condition and operational capacity of the structure of a tunnel beneath the National Palace of Culture and together with the collected data and conclusion concerning the capacity of the top slab of the structure to undertake an additional load from a secondary track from a light rail load. It also includes an assessment concerning the durability of the structure and the compliance with the regulation requirements. The report includes - review and analysis of the available design and other documentation for the site; Surveying and scanning of the main structural elements, incl. localization and registration of visible defects of the structure; performing static and dynamic field testing; structural analysis and calculation of the actual bearing capacity of the reinforced concrete slab of the tunnel according to the regulatory requirements.