bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH BIMBINGAN BELAJAR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA SISWA DI MI SALAFIYAH SYAFI'IYAH SEBLAK JOMBANG
Authors: Fatchul Mubin Siti Roichatul Jannah , Mahsun Ali
Published: February 2025

Bimbingan belajar adalah suatu jenis bimbingan yang diberikan kepada siswa untuk membantu siswa dalam mengatasi dan memecahkan masalah dalam hal belajarnya. Dimungkinkan bisa meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa dengan adanya bimbingan belajar yang diikuti dan diminati oleh siswa dan disetujui oleh wali siswa dan dilakukan di luar jam pelajaran sekolah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana bimbingan belajar diterapkan pada siswa di kelas I serta kemampuan membaca mereka. Siswa kelas I MI Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Seblak Jombang yang berjumlah 31 siswa adalah subjek penelitian ini. Metodologi penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara kuantitatif. Analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis inferensial digunakan untuk mengolah data yang dikumpulkan. Hasil penelitian menentukan bahwa bimbingan belajar mendapatkan presentase 80% yang terbilang cukup tinggi dan membuktikan bahwa bimbingan belajar berpengaruh bagi siswa kelas I di MI Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Seblak Jombang. Dan mengenai kemampuan membaca siswa mendapatkan 67,7% yang membuktikan bahwa kemampuan membaca siswa kelas I tergolong tinggi.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN IPA BERBASIS 3D TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V SD
Authors: Septiana Nanda , Nur Fadhilah Mutik
Published: February 2025

The study aim to describe the effect of implementating 3D based sicence learning media on the laerning outcames of fifth grade elementary school students. The research method used is, experimental with a one group pretest-postest only design. The population in this study consisted of all elementary school students residing in Toronan, with fifth grade students selected as the sample using random sampling. The research instrument was a learning outcome test, anda data were analyzed using a t-test to measure the significance pf the impact. The result showed that 3D media had a significant effect pn improving students learning outcomes in science subjects, with a significance value of 0,000<0,05. This media helps students understand  abstract concepts more concretely, enchancing comprehension and is recommended as an affective alternative in science learning for fifth grade classes
Bio-Efficiency: On the valorisation of innovation in the bioeconomy
Authors: Krüger Oscar , Paulsson Alexander
Published: February 2025

This article discusses a concept that institutions from the OECD to the EU increasingly employ in their response to the ecological crisis: The bioeconomy, wherein materials for economic activity would be bio-based and renewable. As a present-day project, the bioeconomy translates the critique of (fossil) carbon into patterns of (material) resource use and (economic) resource allocation, not least through a new valorisation of innovation in the form of public– private partnerships. Yet where literature on the bioeconomy scrutinizes innovation, the concrete link between funders and funded has seldom been subject to focused analytical inquiry. This link is essential to the structure of the bioeconomy project. To broach the arrangements by which efforts to conjure a (bio-)economy underwrite specific patterns of value distribution, this article asks: Which discursive and conceptual resources are deployed to define the worth by which projects are construed as worthy of funding? Drawing on online ethnographic observation at funding events as well as on document analysis, we show how these arrangements are structured by a valorisation of efficiency. We propose to call this bio-efficiency, and relate it to a construal of the world as scarce.
Instituições, mercado e processos históricos de desenvolvimento
Authors: Menezes Lucas Lira de
Published: February 2025

O texto discute as concepções de desenvolvimento na modernidade, atribuídas internacionalmente a partir de uma perspectiva capitalista ocidental. Para isso, o objetivo é analisar os processos históricos de desenvolvimento e a relação entre mercado e instituições. O trabalho está dividido em cinco tópicos: (1) o desenvolvimento econômico e a industrialização retardatária; (2) as crises de 1873 e 1929 e sua relação com o imperialismo; (3) a Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e Caribe (CEPAL) sob a ótica do estruturalismo/neoestruturalismo; (4) a perspectiva histórica e neoinstitucionalista do desenvolvimento; e (5) a relação entre instituições, Estado e mercado. Assim, a pesquisa busca responder como as concepções capitalistas de desenvolvimento se consolidaram no imaginário coletivo internacional, partindo da ‘ shipótese de uma "colonização epistêmica", que teria estruturado as noções de acumulação capitalista com o auxílio de instituições. Portanto, a metodologia utilizada é a qualitativa, com uma base teórica de autores das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, e envolve um levantamento bibliográfico com o objetivo de dialogar entre diferentes perspectivas teóricas. Destarte, o estudo é relevante academicamente, pois contribui para o debate sobre o desenvolvimento e suas correlações com o sistema capitalista. Por fim, a pesquisa abrange as áreas de Economia, Sociologia, Relações Internacionais, Ciência Política e outras Ciências Humanas e Sociais, fortalecendo o pensamento crítico sobre as sociedades modernas e contemporâneas.
Immune repertoire sequencing reveals differences in treatment response to camrelizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced ESCC
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling , Zhao Wenqi , Du Yunyi , Su Fei , Zhang Yuexiang , Wang Hui , Li Yongai , Liu Min , Gao Yangjun , Cai Linlin , Feng Tingting , Wang Mei , Yao Chunmei , Xu Ning , Wang Yu , Song Guohua , Hu Wenqing , Zhao Jun
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab combined with platinum-based chemotherapy (taxanes [T] or fluorouracil agents [F] plus platinum [P] drugs) as the first-line treatment in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), using immune repertoire sequencing (IRS) to explore treatment response mechanism. In this multi-center, prospective cohort study, 88 patients received camrelizumab plus TP or FP, achieving a 1-year progression-free survival of 56.8% and overall survival of 68.2%. The objective response rate (ORR) was 64.8%, with a disease control rate of 91.1%. While most treatment-related adverse events were mild, 12.5% of patients experienced grade ≥3 toxicities. IRS showed significant differences in T-cell receptor (TCR) β-chain and immunoglobulin heavy chain between patients with (ORR group) or without ORR (non-ORR group), particularly in the distribution and expression of some genes. Specifically, we found the significant differences in the amino acid composition of complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) polypeptide sequences in TCR and B-cell receptor (BCR) between the ORR and non-ORR groups. For TCR, we observed substantial oligoclonal enrichment and differences in the abundance of specific V and J genes. Similarly, for BCR, we detected differences in the clonotype abundance of CDR3 polypeptide segments and identified several differential V genes. Camrelizumab combined with platinum-based chemotherapy is effective and well-tolerated as the first-line treatment for ESCC, and IRS may reveal mechanism influencing treatment response.
A novel strategy for fast liquefaction detection around marine pipelines: a finite element-machine learning approach
Authors: Du Xing , Sun Yongfu , Song Yupeng , Chi Wanqing , Xiu Zongxiang , Zhao Xiaolong , Wang Dong
Published: February 2025

With the increasing global exploration of marine resources, ensuring the stability of submarine pipelines under adverse conditions—such as strong ocean waves and seismic events—remains a significant challenge. This study focuses on buried pipelines in seabed sediments, which are particularly vulnerable to sediment liquefaction caused by dynamic loading, posing a serious threat to pipeline safety. This study proposes an approach that integrates finite element analysis with machine learning. The approach begins with finite element methods for comprehensive simulations, using the high-quality data generated to enable rapid and accurate prediction of liquefaction under wave-current interactions. The results demonstrate that submarine pipelines significantly affect the direction and extent of sediment liquefaction, with the sides of the pipelines being more prone to liquefaction compared to the tops and bottoms. The pipelines also have a stabilizing effect on surrounding seabed sediments. Moreover, the integrated model improves assessment speed without compromising accuracy, effectively addressing the need for rapid liquefaction analysis over large areas and multiple points. This study provides valuable theoretical and practical insights for marine engineering by confirming the stabilizing effect of pipelines on adjacent sediments.
Assessment of chest CT abnormalities and pulmonary function at 6-month and 1-year after hospital discharge in Chinese patients of COVID-19 pneumonia at the turn of 2022–2023
Authors: Fang Xingyu , Li Jialin , Zhang Yijun , Lv Wei , Liu Lin , Feng Yun , Liu Li , Pan Feng , Zhang Jinping
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to assess chest CT abnormalities and pulmonary function at 6-month and 1-year follow-ups in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia patients of the China epidemic in the turn of 2022–2023.

Methods

A total of 156 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted between 29 November 2022 and 10 February 2023 were prospectively assessed at 6-month and 1-year follow-ups. Characteristics and CT scores of pulmonary abnormalities and pulmonary function were compared between different follow-up time points. The correlation of CT abnormalities and pulmonary function at 1-year were evaluated.

Results

Over 1 year, the proportion of pulmonary abnormalities gradually decreased (initial, 100%, 156/156; 6-month, 57.1%, 89/156; and 1-year, 37.8%, 59/156; P < 0.001), whereas fibrotic changes increased (initial, 6.4%, 10/156; 6-month, 14.1%, 22/156; and 1-year, 14.7%, 23/56; P < 0.001). Compared to participants of the subgroup with nonfibrotic changes, diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO)(P = 0.01) and DLCO less than 80% predicted (P < 0.001) showed significantly decrease in participants of the subgroup with fibrotic changes. The extent of fibrotic changes was strongly correlated with lower DLCO (r = −0.734, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Fibrotic changes might show a tendency to persist over time and correlate strongly with impairment of diffusion function, thus requiring more attention in future follow-ups.
Respiratory syncytial virus fuses with plasma membrane to infect primary cultures of bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Cadena-Cruz Christian , De-Avila-Arias Marcio , Costello Heather M. , Hurtado-Gomez Leidy , Martínez-De-La-Rosa Walter , Macchia-Ceballos Gigliola , Rosales-Rada Wendy , Valencia-Villa Gerardo , Villalba-Amarís Pedro , Kararoudi Meisam Naeimi , Peeples Mark E. , San-Juan-Vergara Homero
Published: February 2025

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of bronchiolitis in children under the age of five. RSV infection proceeds by fusion of the viral envelope with the target cell membrane, but it is unclear whether fusion occurs with plasma or endosomal membranes.

Methods

Entry and/or infection was studied in undifferentiated primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells. Synchronization of viral entry or infection was achieved by attaching the virus to the plasma membrane at temperatures of 4°C or 22°C. Cells in which entry events had occurred were identified by the enzymatic action of beta-lactamase M (BlaM) fused to the RSV P protein (BlaM-P) carried by rgRSV virions. BlaM cleaves the beta-lactam ring of CCF2 loaded into the cells, disrupting FRET and allowing blue light to be emitted. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, encoded by the rgRSV genome, was used to identify infected cells.

Results

We found that adsorption of RSV at 4°C favors entry via endocytosis, whereas binding of the virus to the membrane at 22°C favors RSV entry via the plasma membrane. The induction of endocytosis by synchronization at 4°C is, therefore, an artifact. In addition, we found that all drugs that interfered with RSV infection reduced cell membrane deformations such as filopodia and lamellipodia, suggesting a mechanism by which they may interfere with RSV fusion with the cell membrane.

Discussion

In conclusion, RSV enters the cell by direct fusion of its envelope with the plasma membrane.
Impact of short-term tinnitus treatment on cognitive function and neural synchronization
Authors: Lee Ho Yun , Shin Seung-Ho , Byun Sung Wan
Published: February 2025

We aimed to evaluate the impact of short-term tinnitus treatment on cognitive function and identify the effects of various treatment combinations on cognitive and tinnitus outcomes. A non-randomized prospective study was conducted with 32 tinnitus patients at a tertiary university hospital between May 2022 and May 2024. Patients received treatments, including neuromodulation, diuretics, gabapentin, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), anxiolytics, muscle relaxants, hearing aids, and counseling. Cognitive function and tinnitus distress were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) at baseline and 1 month after treatment. Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) recordings were analyzed to evaluate changes in neural synchronization using phase-locking value (PLV). Strong correlations were also observed between baseline MMSE and changes in MMSE post-treatment (r = −0.796, p < 0.01) and between tinnitus loudness perception and changes in MMSE (r = 0.458, p < 0.01). After Bonferroni correction, muscle relaxants (p = 0.017) and neuromodulation (p = 0.007) showed significant negative effects on cognitive function, while anxiolytics demonstrated a tendency for negative effects (p = 0.052). Additionally, neither baseline tinnitus loudness nor changes in loudness perception (ΔVAS for loudness) were significantly correlated with ΔTHI after Bonferroni correction (p > 0.05). qEEG analysis showed increased PLV in prefrontal-limbic and parietal-occipital connections in patients with improved THI as well as increased PLV in temporal-limbic connections in patients with improved MMSE scores, indicating enhanced neural synchronization and cognitive resource reorganization. These findings underscore the need for careful consideration of cognitive effects when selecting tinnitus treatments and highlight the importance of targeted multimodal interventions to address both tinnitus distress and cognitive function.
Pediatric MOG antibody-positive encephalitis with normal brain magnetic resonance imaging: a new spectrum associated with MOG antibodies?
Authors: Jiang Yan , Yuan Ping , Song Xiaojie , Ma Jiannan , Hong Siqi , Li Xiujuan , Jiang Li
Published: February 2025

Objective

To facilitate the accurate identification of clinical characteristics associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody positive encephalitis in children presenting with normal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Method

Patients hospitalized at Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2016 to May 2024, who were positive for MOG antibodies and exhibited encephalitis symptoms with normal brain MRI findings, were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

A total of 17 patients (7 males and 10 females; mean age: 9.2 ± 2.8 years) were enrolled in the study. The most prevalent clinical symptoms were fever (17/17), with a median duration of 15 days (IQR: 7.5–21 days), headaches (17/17), mild alterations in mental status (17/17), seizures (6/17), vomiting (6/17), decreased binocular vision (2/17), and hemiplegia (1/17). The majority of cases (15/17) exhibited leukocytosis in peripheral blood (mean: 20.63 ± 7.09 × 109/L) accompanied by an elevated neutrophil ratio. C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels were normal in 13 patients (13/17). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocyte counts were elevated in all patients (median: 82/mm3; IQR: 49–155/mm3). Six patients (6/17) had elevated CSF protein levels (mean: 1.01 ± 0.38 g/L). CSF glucose levels were normal across all patients. Next-generation sequencing of CSF was performed in 10 patients, all yielding negative results. All patients had a serum MOG antibodies titer of ≥1:32, and six children (6/17) had a CSF MOG antibody titer of ≥1:32. All patients showed clinical improvement after immunotherapy. Only one patient (1/17) experienced a relapse.

Conclusion

For patients presenting with encephalitis and normal brain MRI findings, early testing for anti-MOG antibody should be considered if they exhibit the following characteristics: (1) persistent fever; (2) elevated peripheral blood white blood cell (WBC) counts, with normal or slightly elevated PCT and CRP levels; (3) mild elevation of CSF WBC counts, normal or mildly elevated protein levels, and normal CSF glucose levels; and (4) ineffectiveness of antibiotic or antiviral therapy. Encephalitis with normal brain MRI may be regarded as a potential new spectrum associated with MOG antibodies, meriting additional exploration and consideration.
Cranberry-derived bioactives for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections: antimicrobial mechanisms and global research trends in nutraceutical applications
Authors: Jangid Himanshu , Shidiki Amrullah , Kumar Gaurav
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a global health concern, increasingly complicated by antibiotic resistance. Cranberry-derived bioactive compounds, particularly proanthocyanidins (PACs), have emerged as a promising non-antibiotic strategy for UTI prevention. This review examines their efficacy, mechanisms of action, and the evolving research landscape through bibliometric analysis.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess the role of cranberry metabolites in UTI prevention, focusing on anti-adhesive and antimicrobial mechanisms. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis of publications from 1962 to 2024 was performed to evaluate research trends, collaboration networks, and thematic developments.

Results

Cranberry metabolites, particularly A-type PACs, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, inhibit Escherichia coli adhesion to urothelial cells, reducing UTI recurrence. Gut microbiota-driven transformation of PACs into bioactive metabolites enhances their efficacy, while cranberry oligosaccharides disrupt biofilm formation in high-risk populations. Bibliometric analysis reveals a surge in research interest post-2000, with increasing global collaborations and a focus on clinical applications.

Discussion and conclusion

Cranberry bioactives demonstrate significant potential in UTI management, yet variations in formulation, dosage, and metabolic bioavailability present challenges. The growing research interest underscores the need for standardized clinical studies to optimize therapeutic efficacy and establish evidence-based guidelines for their use.
Non-linear association of the metabolic score for insulin resistance with obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2015–2018
Authors: Cai Zhimao , Li Jiachen , Peng Hui , Ye Ye , Chen Sixia , Zeng Lingli , Lin Jiashuang , Chen Weifeng
Published: February 2025

Background

The relationship between the Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR), a novel index integrating multiple metabolic parameters, and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains under explored.

Methods

Analyses were conducted on data from 2,348 participants included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2015 to 2018. Logistic regression, stratified analyses, curve-fitting analyses, and threshold effects analyses were employed to evaluate the association between METS-IR and the risk of OSA.

Results

Multifactorial logistic regression analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between METS-IR and the risk of OSA [OR: 1.05 (95% CI: 1.04–1.06)]. Stratified analyses showed consistent associations across various subgroups, including sex, race, age, marital status, education level, poverty income ratio, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Nonlinear analysis identified an inflection point at METS-IR 46.65. On the left of the inflection point, the risk of OSA increased significantly, with each unit increase in METS-IR associated with a 7% increase in risk [OR: 1.07 (95% CI: 1.05–1.08)]. On the right side of the inflection point, however, the rate of risk increase slowed to 1% [OR: 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00–1.02)].

Conclusion

This investigation reveals a significant and nonlinear relationship between METS-IR and OSA. Further investigation is needed to explore their association more comprehensively and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Advances in sulodexide-based long-term anticoagulation for a myasthenia gravis patient with giant thymoma
Authors: Liu Zhou , Zhang Liang , Peng Wei , Chen Qianqian , Hou Yanguang , Zhan Liying , Li Guang
Published: February 2025

This case report describes a geriatric male patient with myasthenia gravis (MG) secondary to giant thymoma, presenting with progressive muscle weakness and ptosis. The diagnosis of MG was confirmed through pathology, imaging, and laboratory evaluations. Considering the significant surgical risks associated with the giant thymoma, adjuvant chemotherapy was initiated. Unfortunately, 2 weeks following chemotherapy, the patient developed acute respiratory failure and sudden loss of consciousness. Emergency endotracheal intubation was performed, and he was then transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) and treated with immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, prednisone, and pyridostigmine. During ICU hospitalization, the patient developed severe lower limb edema accompanied by increased skin temperature, particularly on the left side. Ultrasound imaging confirmed extensive thrombosis in the left iliac and femoral veins, with thrombosis involving 50%–67% of the venous lumen. To prevent the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE), an inferior vena cava filter was implanted, and low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was prescribed for anticoagulation. Unfortunately, the patient later experienced intermittent melena and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), with hemoglobin levels decreasing to 55 g/L and platelet counts decreasing to 57 × 109/L. Given the adverse events associated with LMWH, sulodexide (SDX) was substituted as a novel anticoagulant with multiple benefits, including reduced thrombosis and bleeding risk, anti-inflammatory effects, and vascular endothelium protection. SDX demonstrated excellent efficacy and safety, with no adverse effects observed during the 3-year follow-up period. In conclusion, SDX should be considered an ideal potential option for long-term anticoagulation in patients with complex conditions such as MG with both thrombotic and bleeding risks.
A protocol for high-quality sectioning for tree-ring anatomy
Authors: Fonti Marina V. , von Arx Georg , Harroue Maryline , Schneider Loïc , Nievergelt Daniel , Björklund Jesper , Hantemirov Rashit , Kukarskih Vladimir , Rathgeber Cyrille B.K. , Studer Nadja-Tamara , Fonti Patrick
Published: February 2025

Quantitative wood anatomy (QWA), which involves measuring wood cell anatomical characteristics commonly on dated tree rings, is becoming increasingly important within plant sciences and ecology. This approach is particularly valuable for studies that require processing a large number of samples, such as those aimed at millennial-long climatic reconstructions. However, the field faces significant challenges, including the absence of a publicly available comprehensive protocol for efficiently and uniformly producing high-quality wood thin sections for QWA along dated tree-ring series. This issue is especially critical for more brittle subfossil wood, in addition to fresh material from living trees. Our manuscript addresses these challenges by providing a detailed protocol for producing thin anatomical sections of wood and digital images, specifically tailored for long chronologies of tree-ring anatomy with an emphasis on conifer wood. The protocol includes step-by-step procedures for sample preparation, sectioning, and imaging, ensuring consistent and high-quality results. By offering this well-tried-and-tested protocol, we aim to facilitate reproducibility and accuracy in wood anatomical studies, ultimately advancing research in this field. It aims to serve as a reference for researchers and laboratories engaged in similar work, promoting standardized practices and enhancing the reliability of QWA data.
Fostering engagement using a wearable for self-tracking assisted psychotherapy with refugees diagnosed with complex PTSD: a feasibility pilot study
Authors: Riisager Lisa G. , Huniche Lotte , Larsen Jakob Eg , Christiansen Thomas Blomseth , Kring Lotte , Palic Sabina , Moeller Stine Bjerrum
Published: February 2025

Background

To address the unique challenges faced by refugees diagnosed with complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), psychotherapy needs to be personalized. The integration of self-tracking instruments into therapy offers a promising approach to personalizing treatment. This feasibility pilot study develops and explores a preliminary self-tracking assisted treatment concept using a wearable self-tracking instrument called the One Button Tracker (OBT). The OBT is a single-purpose self-tracking instrument, designed to track subjectively experienced phenomena.

Methods

The feasibility pilot study adopted a participatory action research design, involving close collaboration between two therapists, two refugees diagnosed with CPTSD, and a research team. Quantitative data was collected from the OBT and qualitative data consisted of semi-structured post-treatment interviews and session logbooks. Reflexive thematic analysis was used for the interpretation of interview data. Quantitative data was used descriptively.

Results

The integration of OBT into psychotherapy with refugees was found to be feasible, marked by consistent high engagement as seen in the self-tracking data. Five themes were generated from the interview analyses, across two contexts: therapy sessions (navigating between precision and alliance with the OBT, and data usefulness in therapy) and daily life (paradox of awareness, OBT as a sign of treatment, and following the Doctor’s orders).

Conclusion

This feasibility pilot study illustrates the feasibility and therapeutic potential for integrating the OBT into psychotherapy for refugees with CPTSD to enhance engagement and personalization. The findings emphasize the necessity of an adaptive, personalized approach, vigilance regarding potential risks, and consideration of cultural factors. Further research is needed to refine this novel therapeutic approach.
Spit It Out West Virginia: a perspective of smokeless tobacco cessation and education in rural West Virginia
Authors: Reed Donald , Lusk Stephanie , Dangerfield Truman , Ball Mallory , Stoner Janna , Bowles Michele
Published: February 2025

This article highlights strategies for implementing successful rural public health campaigns by sharing insights from the Spit It Out – West Virginia Project. Active since 2007, the project expanded to Mingo County in 2023 to address high smokeless tobacco use through culturally relevant education and cessation workshops. Key components included leveraging local partnerships, tailoring campaigns to community norms, and integrating accessible support services like the West Virginia Tobacco Quitline. Outcomes demonstrated increased awareness, behavioral change, and community engagement. Our perspective offers practical lessons for designing effective, community-based interventions in rural settings to address pressing public health challenges.
Health system delay and risk factors in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis before and during the COVID-19 epidemic: a multi-center survey in China
Authors: Fan Mingkuan , Liu Yushu , Liu Kui , Liu Xiaoqiu , Li Yuhong , Li Tao , Zhang Canyou , Zhang Hui , Cheng Jun
Published: February 2025

Background

Understanding health system delay (HSD) in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis aids in tailoring interventions for case detection and curbing transmission. However, recent nationwide studies on HSD in PTB diagnosis have been scarce. This study assesses HSD and its risk factors in China, taking into account the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with PTB between 2019 and 2022 were selected using a multistage stratified clustering method. A semi-structured questionnaire was employed to assess HSD, which was defined as the interval between the patient’s initial visit to a health facility and the definitive PTB diagnosis. The HSD was then compared between 2019 (before the epidemic) and 2020–2022 (during the epidemic). Factors associated with long health system delay (LHSD, defined as HSD > 14 days) were examined using both univariate and multivariate analyses with chi-square tests and binary logistic regression, respectively.

Results

In total, 958 patients with PTB were analyzed: 478 before and 480 during the epidemic. The HSD was 14 (interquartile range, 7–30) days for all patients, and the HSD before and during the epidemic also shared this value. A total of 199 patients (20.8%) had LHSD. LHSD was more prevalent in patients presenting solely with cough and expectoration (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.482, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.015–2.162) and those visiting ≥2 health facilities before definitive diagnosis (2 health facilities: OR = 2.469, 95%CI: 1.239–4.920; ≥3 health facilities: OR = 8.306, 95%CI: 4.032–17.111). Additionally, patients with negative bacteriological results were independently associated with higher LHSD risk (OR = 1.485, 95%CI: 1.060–2.080).

Conclusion

In China, HSD in PTB diagnosis remains relatively low and is primarily mediated by factors associated with health providers. No significant impact on HSD from the COVID-19 epidemic has been found. Implementing targeted training programs to enhance health providers’ awareness of chronic respiratory symptoms and maintain vigilance for PTB; strengthening presumptive PTB identification capabilities at grassroots health facilities, and promoting the use of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteriological technologies are recommended to shorten the HSD.
Assessment of radiation knowledge among medical personnel in nuclear emergency preparedness: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xie Yanjun , Wang Xining , Lan Yuemin , Xu Xinyu , Shi Shaoteng , Yang Zhihao , Li Hongqiu , Han Jing , Liu Yulong
Published: February 2025

Background

Radiation literacy, encompassing the understanding of basic principles, applications, risks, and protective measures related to ionizing radiation, is critical for medical personnel working in jobs that involve the use of radioactive materials or medical imaging. In the context of nuclear emergency preparedness, the level of radiation knowledge among healthcare professionals—such as doctors, nurses, and radiographers—directly influences the effectiveness and safety of emergency responses. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the radiation knowledge of medical personnel and identifying areas for improvement in profession-specific training programs.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling method. The study included 723 participants attending a medical emergency response exercise and clinical management workshop on radiation injury in Suzhou, China, in November 2023. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed to analyze participants’ radiation knowledge and identify variations across different professional groups.

Results

The majority of participants were female (64.73%), married (75.10%), and held an undergraduate degree (69.99%). Nurses (40.11%) and clinical doctors (30.29%) constituted the largest professional groups. Significant disparities in radiation knowledge were observed among healthcare workers. Nurses and management personnel demonstrated a stronger grasp of fundamental radiation concepts, such as radioactive nuclides and absorbed doses, compared to clinical doctors. For instance, 85.52% of nursing personnel and 72.34% of management personnel accurately identified the half-life of iodine-131, while only 49.32% of clinical doctors showed comparable knowledge. Furthermore, substantial differences in radiation emergency response capabilities were noted across professions. These findings emphasize the necessity for tailored, profession-specific training programs in radiation protection and emergency preparedness.

Conclusion

The study reveals a generally insufficient understanding of basic radiation concepts and emergency response principles among medical personnel. Significant variations in radiation knowledge were observed across different professional groups, highlighting the need for specialized training modules. These modules should focus on fundamental radiation concepts, radiation exposure effects, and emergency response protocols, with content customized to address the unique needs of each professional group. By implementing such targeted training, the overall effectiveness and safety of nuclear emergency responses can be significantly enhanced.
Chernobyl nuclear catastrophe: lessons for sustainability and UNSDGs in health, energy, and environmental recovery
Authors: Yap Chee Kong , Al-Mutairi Khalid Awadh
Published: February 2025

This study provides a comprehensive review of the research surrounding the Chernobyl nuclear incident, focusing on its far-reaching impacts on human health, and environmental contamination. Based on the Scopus database, 258 relevant papers were identified using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. These papers were metal-analyzed and quantitatively analyzed using a similarity map generated through VOSViewer in order to visualize key themes and their interconnections. The research highlights critical areas such as radiation-induced health effects, ecological damage, and the implications for sustainable energy practices. Additionally, this review explores the alignment of these findings with several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs), particularly UNSDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing), UNSDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), UNSDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), UNSDG 13 (Climate Action), and UNSDG 15 (Life on Land). By synthesizing existing research, this study emphasizes the importance of integrating safety protocols, environmental rehabilitation, and sustainable energy policies to prevent and to mitigate the impacts of future nuclear incidents.
Demographic, health, and behaviors profile of Saudi Arabia’s aging population 2022–2023
Authors: Bindhim Nasser F. , Senitan Mohammed , Almutairi Madhawi N. , Alhadlaq Leen S. , Alnajem Sundus A. , Alfaifi Maryam Ali , Althumiri Nora A.
Published: February 2025

Background

The population aged 60 years and older in Saudi Arabia is rapidly increasing, leading to concerns regarding their health, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle behaviors. Aging is associated with a higher risk of chronic diseases, multimorbidity, and mental health issues, which can significantly affect the quality of life. However, national data on older people in Saudi Arabia remain limited.

Aim

This study aims to profile older people in Saudi Arabia during the years 2022–2023, focusing on their demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, health conditions, and lifestyle behaviors.

Methods

Data were drawn from the Sharik Health Indicators Surveillance System (SHISS) 2022–2023, a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted through phone interviews. The final analysis included 2,702 participants aged 60 years and older. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize demographic, health, and behavioral data.

Results

The study revealed that over half (52%) of the participants had two or more chronic conditions, with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes being the most common. Mental health assessments indicated that 17.7% of older people were at risk of depression, and another 17.7% were at risk of anxiety. Additionally, the study found low adherence to healthy behaviors, with only 11.1% meeting the recommended fruit and vegetable intake and 20.1% engaging in sufficient physical activity. Furthermore, 67% of older people were classified as overweight or obese.

Conclusion

Older people in Saudi Arabia face significant health challenges, including high rates of multimorbidity, mental health risks, and poor lifestyle behaviors. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted health interventions and educational programs tailored to older people, aiming to improve their quality of life and contribute to the national goals outlined in Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030.
Pest and Disease Prediction and Management for Sugarcane Using a Hybrid Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average—A Long Short-Term Memory Model
Authors: Wang Minghui , Li Tong
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a hybrid AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)—Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model for predicting and managing sugarcane pests and diseases, leveraging big data for enhanced accuracy. The ARIMA component efficiently captures linear patterns in time-series data, while the LSTM model identifies complex nonlinear dependencies. By integrating these two approaches, the hybrid model effectively handles both linear trends and nonlinear fluctuations, improving predictive performance over conventional models. The model was trained on 33 years of meteorological and pest occurrence data, and its effectiveness was evaluated using mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The results show that the ARIMA-LSTM model achieves an MSE of 2.66, RMSE of 1.63, and MAE of 1.34, outperforming both the standalone ARIMA model (MSE = 4.97, RMSE = 2.29, MAE = 1.79) and LSTM model (MSE = 3.77, RMSE = 1.86, MAE = 1.45). This superior performance highlights its ability to effectively capture seasonal variations and complex nonlinear patterns in pest outbreaks. Beyond accurate forecasting, this model provides valuable decision-making support for agricultural management, aiding in early intervention strategies. Future enhancements, including the integration of additional variables and climate change factors, could further expand its applicability across diverse agricultural sectors, improving crop yield stability and pest control strategies in an increasingly unpredictable climate.
Effective Trace Mineral Processing Technology for Pigs and Broilers
Authors: Lee Hyunseo , Kim Minju
Published: February 2025

Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), as well as selenium (Se) are vital trace minerals supplemented for pigs and broilers that support their biological activities. In animals, trace minerals demonstrate a variety of effects that promote growth and improve health, depending on the form of supplementation (such as inorganic, organic, or nano forms) and the supplementation levels. Inorganic minerals with low bioavailability are excreted into the environment through feces, causing pollution. In contrast, organic minerals, which have higher bioavailability, can reduce mineral excretion into the environment. However, their high cost and the complexity of chelate analysis limit the complete replacement of inorganic minerals. Nano minerals, with their high biological surface area, exhibit enhanced bioavailability. Nonetheless, their effects are inconsistent, and their optimal usage levels have not been clearly established. Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) technology serves as an innovative mineral processing technology tailored to pigs and broilers. Minerals processed through HME achieve nanoscale size, providing a larger surface area and improved bioavailability. Additionally, heat and pressure reduce toxicity, allowing for a lower usage level of minerals compared to inorganic, organic, or nano minerals, while offering various advantages. This review aims to explore forms and inclusion levels of trace minerals in pigs and broilers, as well as to discuss HME-minerals generated through HME technology.
Establishing a Low-Temperature Maize Kernel Moisture Content Prediction Model Based on Dielectric Constant Measurement
Authors: Wang Shuhao , Du Songling , Yin Yuanyuan , Song Chao , Liu Chuang , Qian Rui , Zhao Liqing
Published: February 2025

Detecting the moisture content of stored maize kernels is critical for minimizing post-harvest losses. To measure the moisture content of maize kernels under low-temperature conditions, a small-strip transmission line device was employed to construct a non-destructive measurement platform. The dielectric constant of maize kernels with varying moisture content was measured at temperatures ranging from −15 °C to 20 °C and frequencies between 1 and 200 MHz. By using the dielectric constant, frequency, and temperature as input variables, along with volume density and scattering parameter characteristics, three moisture content prediction models—SPO-SVM, XGBoost, and GA-BP—were established. The results show that temperature significantly affects the dielectric constant of maize kernels, especially when the moisture levels exceed 22.4%. The prediction model significantly improves the prediction accuracy under low-temperature conditions after introducing the volume density feature. Furthermore, incorporating the multi-phase and amplitude characteristics of scattering parameters further improves the model’s performance. This study verifies the mechanism and behavior of dielectric constant variations in maize kernels under low-temperature conditions. The proposed model effectively mitigates measurement errors caused by the icing of free water and is well suited for measuring maize moisture content under low-temperature conditions.
Effects of No-Till Seeding and Fertilization on Vegetation Restoration and Soil Physicochemical Properties in Alpine Degraded Grazing Grasslands
Authors: Hu Xiaojing , Sun Qunce , Zhang Shuzhen , Li Weisi , Wang Xuerui , Long Runzhou , Jin Guili , Zhang Bo
Published: February 2025

This study evaluated the effects of no-till seeding and fertilization on the restoration of degraded grazing grasslands in Bayinbuluke. Poaceae species were selected for no-till replanting, with Elymus dahuricus, Puccinellia distans, and Festuca ovina mixed in a 2:1:1 ratio. Four sowing rates were applied: 0 g/m2 (A0), 2 g/m2 (A1), 4 g/m2 (A2), and 6 g/m2 (A3). Diammonium phosphate (N 18%, P2O5 46%) was used as fertilizer, with four fertilization rates: 0 g/m2 (B0), 7.5 g/m2 (B1), 15 g/m2 (B2), and 22.5 g/m2 (B3). A total of 16 treatments were applied. The study assessed the changes in grassland productivity, species diversity, and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that no-till replanting significantly increased the aboveground biomass by 81%, species richness by 55.8%, and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index by 64.2%. Fertilization significantly increased productivity, with dry hay yield rising by 60.9% to 81%. When 22.5 g/m2 of fertilizer was applied, the contents of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and organic matter in the soil increased by 43.4%, 50.6%, 66%, and 31.2%, respectively. Fertilization also improved the stability of soil aggregates, with the proportion of large aggregates increasing by 18.2%. The findings suggest that no-till seeding and fertilization significantly promote grassland restoration, with soil moisture and nutrient availability being key drivers of vegetation growth and community diversity.
Monoclonal Antibodies in Light of Mpox Outbreak: Current Research, Therapeutic Targets, and Animal Models
Authors: Nikitin Vladimir N. , Merkuleva Iuliia A. , Shcherbakov Dmitriy N.
Published: February 2025

The rapid rise in monkeypox virus infections among humans from 2022 to 2024 has captured the attention of the global healthcare community. In light of the lack of mandatory vaccination and limited data on next-generation vaccines for monkeypox prevention, the urgent development of therapeutic agents has become a priority. One promising approach involves the use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. This review highlights significant advancements in the search for antibodies against human pathogenic orthopoxviruses, particularly focusing on their potential application against the monkeypox virus. We also analyze viral proteins that serve as targets for identifying therapeutic antibodies capable of neutralizing a wide range of viruses. Finally, we deemed it essential to address the challenges associated with selecting an animal model that can adequately reflect the infectious process of each orthopoxvirus species in humans.
Prospective Audit and Feedback of Targeted Antimicrobials Use at a Tertiary Care Hospital in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Gulam Shabaz Mohiuddin , Thomas Dixon , Ahamed Fiaz , Baker Danial E.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial stewardship programs improve antimicrobial use and help combat antimicrobial resistance. The Infectious Disease Society of America’s (IDSA) recommended core interventions include prospective audit and feedback along with formulary restriction and preauthorization. IDSA recommends any one of these interventions be implemented in acute care hospitals to improve antimicrobial stewardship. The objective of this project was to implement a prospective audit and feedback system using selected antimicrobials at a tertiary care hospital in the United Arab Emirates as the foundation to build an antimicrobial stewardship program. Results: A total of 497 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria during the study period; the post-intervention group had 260 patients, and the control group had 237 patients. After the implementation of the program, a total of 186 interventions were recommended, and 76% were accepted. The length of stay, length of therapy, and days of therapy were lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in clinical outcome measures (e.g., 30-day readmission, 30-day all-cause mortality, 30-day emergency visit with the same infection, and 60-day readmission). Methods: This single-center quasi-experimental research was conducted from August 2023 to July 2024. A pharmacist-led prospective audit and feedback system was initiated in February 2024 after review and approval of the medical staff, in addition to formulary restrictions. Data from patients receiving the selected antimicrobial before February 2024 were collected from their charts and related medical records without any intervention; this was used by our control group. After implementation, the hospital pharmacy’s records were evaluated during the night shift to determine whether they met the inclusion criteria. The records of the eligible patients were then evaluated by the clinical pharmacist. In case of antimicrobial inappropriateness, feedback was provided to the prescriber. If the recommendation was not accepted, succeeding reviews and feedback were provided on subsequent days. The effectiveness of the intervention was measured using clinical and antibiotic use measures. Conclusions: Implementation of a pilot pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship program resulted in modification in antimicrobial use measures (i.e., defined daily doses of targeted antimicrobials and days of antimicrobial therapy) without an increase in length of stay or readmissions or mortality.