bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
7. The Judaism of the Ancient Kingdom of Ḥimyar in Arabia
Authors: Robin Christian Julien
Published: March 2021

Christian Robin’s ‘The Judaism of the Ancient Kingdom of Himyar in Arabia: A Discreet Conversion’, surveys the prominent Yemenite kingdom, which plays an important role in both Christian and Muslim historiography but is utterly neglected in Jewish sources. This is surprising, since Judaism was the official religion of the kingdom from the fourth to the sixth centuries (c. 380-530 CE). Robin carefully analyses the primary evidence, epigraphy, to assess our knowledge of Himyarite Judaism. He arrives at the conclusion that it was grounded in priestly rather than rabbinic currents. The Himyarite inscriptions mention neither the rabbis nor belief in resurrection, yet there is an important inscription mentioning the twenty-four priestly courses in the Temple. The scant evidence, however, obscures the exact nature of Himyarite Judaism. Robin characterizes this as calculated religious minimalism in a pluralistic society.
8. The Didascalus Annas
Authors: Nemo-Pekelman Capucine
Published: March 2021

Capucine Nemo-Pekelman, in ‘The Didascalus Annas: A Jewish Political and Intellectual Figure from the West’, explores the identity of a little-known fifth-century figure who managed to secure two legal victories for the Jewish community of Ravenna, both involving controversies over conversion. Annas’ title, didascalus, was one of several Latin and Greek titles used for Jewish legal experts, but it was also used by Christians. It was therefore not a synonym for rabbi. Nemo-Pekelman associates Annas with the same Jewish milieu that produced the Collatio Legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum. She also suggests, with some hesitation, that this Annas is also the author of the Epistola Anne ad Senecam.
9. Rabbis in Southern Italian Jewish Inscriptions from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages
Authors: Lacerenza Giancarlo
Published: March 2021

Giancarlo Lacerenza, in ‘Rabbis in Southern Italian Jewish Inscriptions from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages’, examines the evolution of the title rabbi based on the epigraphic evidence. Even though rabbinic literature mentions the presence of rabbis in Rome, the word rabbi rarely appears in the early inscriptions. Lacerenza studies three Greek and Latin funerary inscriptions from the fourth to sixth centuries that mention some variation of the title. The scarcity of evidence for this period contrasts with the situation after the ninth century, where rabbinic allusions abound in predominantly Hebrew inscriptions. Lacerenza postulates that a progressive rabbinization of southern Italy occurred during the two centuries where the evidence is silent.
10. Jewish Demographics and Economics at the Onset of the European Middle Ages
Authors: Toch Michael
Published: March 2021

Michael Toch’s contribution, ‘Jewish Demographics and Economics at the Onset of the European Middle Ages’, deals with the knotty question of the origin of European Jewry. Toch contests the controversial claim that both Ashkenazi and Sephardi communities were descendants of converts (notably the Khazars). He emphasizes the continuity of Jewish presence within the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, which eventually resulted in immigration northward into the European continent. Toch concludes that these later European Jewish communities, who emerged with a fully-formed culture in a short period of time, were rabbinic from the outset.
11. The Rabbinization Tractates and the Propagation of Rabbinic Ideology in the Late Talmudic Period
Authors: Naiweld Ron
Published: March 2021

Ron Naiweld examines the process of rabbinization in ‘The Rabbinization Tractates and the Propagation of Rabbinic Ideology in the Late Talmudic Period’. He identifies two interrelated aspects of this process: first, the rabbinization of the past, including the biblical past, and, second, the acceptance of rabbinic institutions as normative. Naiweld focuses on two texts that teach Jews how to think like rabbis, the extracanonical Talmudic tractate Kallah and the Sar ha-Torah section of Hekhalot Rabbati. He sees both texts as ideological tools intended to promote rabbinic thinking outside of the academy.
12. Who is the Target of Toledot Yeshu?
Authors: Stökl Ben Ezra Daniel
Published: March 2021

In ‘Who is the Target of Toledot Yeshu?’, Daniel Stökl ben Ezra begins with the observation that the ideological opponents of this polymorphic work are not merely Christians but (in the words of John Gager) ‘the dangerous ones in-between’, Christianizing Jews and Judaizing Christians. The rabbinic authors of Toledot Yeshu, which Stökl Ben Ezra dates to the fifth century, were particularly concerned about Christianizing Jews. Drawing from selected cases in the legal composition Sefer ha-Ma‘asim, he argues that unforced conversion to Christianity was a social reality in Late Antiquity.
Afterword
Authors: Boustan Ra‘anan
Published: March 2021

Ra‘anan Boustan, in ‘Rabbinization and the Persistence of Diversity in Jewish Culture in Late Antiquity’, offers some closing thoughts on the overall theme of the volume. He begins with a brief history of the concept of “rabbinization”, a twentieth-century neologism that only recently came to designate the process by which rabbinic institutions became normative. He also catalogues the written and archaeological sources that are used in order to study this process, most of which are covered in the present volume. In addition to rabbinic literature itself, he mentions synagogues, piyyutim, inscriptions, the writings of the Church Fathers, legal corpora, Geonic writings, and Jewish magic. At the same time, Boustan sounds a note of caution that the varieties of non-rabbinic Judaism should not be lumped together as a homogenous entity in opposition to the emerging power of the rabbinic Sages.
The Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation according to Multiple Decades of Global Satellite Observations, Three CMIP6 Models, and the ECMWF Reanalysis
Authors: Watters Daniel , Battaglia Alessandro , Allan Richard P.
Published: March 2021

NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission observations are used to evaluate the diurnal cycle of precipitation from three CMIP6 models (NCAR-CESM2, CNRM-CM6.1, CNRM-ESM2.1) and the ERA5 reanalysis. NASA’s global-gridded IMERG product, which combines spaceborne microwave radiometer, infrared sensor, and ground-based gauge measurements, provides high-spatiotemporal-resolution (0.1° and half-hourly) estimates that are suitable for evaluating the diurnal cycle in models, as determined against the ground-based radar network over the conterminous United States. IMERG estimates are coarsened to the spatial and hourly resolution of the state-of-the-art CMIP6 and ERA5 products, and their diurnal cycles are compared across multiple decades of June–August in the 60°N–60°S domain (IMERG and ERA5: 2000–19; NCAR and CNRM: 1979–2008). Low-precipitation regions (and weak-amplitude regions when analyzing the diurnal phase) are excluded from analyses so as to assess only robust diurnal signals. Observations identify greater diurnal amplitudes over land (26%–134% of the precipitation mean; 5th–95th percentile) than over ocean (14%–66%). ERA5, NCAR, and CNRM underestimate amplitudes over ocean, and ERA5 overestimates over land. IMERG observes a distinct diurnal cycle only in certain regions, with precipitation peaking broadly between 1400 and 2100 LST over land (2100–0600 LST over mountainous and varying-terrain regions) and 0000 and 1200 LST over ocean. The simulated diurnal cycle is unrealistically early when compared with observations, particularly over land (NCAR-CESM2 AMIP: −1 h; ERA5: −2 h; CNRM-CM6.1 AMIP: −4 h on average) with nocturnal maxima not well represented over mountainous regions. Furthermore, ERA5’s representation of the diurnal cycle is too simplified, with less interannual variability in the time of maximum relative to observations over many regions.
The effect of police searches and move-on directions on property and violent crime in New South Wales
Authors: Wang Joanna JJ , Weatherburn Don
Published: March 2021

The New South Wales (NSW) Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act 2002 gave the NSW Police the power in certain circumstances the power to stop, search and detain a person without warrant. The same legislation gave the police the power to direct a person to move on from a place if they believe on reasonable grounds that the person in question is obstructing traffic or another person; engaging in behaviour that is considered harassment or intimidation to another person (or people); behaving in a way that is causing or likely to cause fear to a reasonable person or present in the place in order to unlawfully supply or cause another person to unlawfully supply drugs. The exercise of these powers has attracted considerable controversy, but little is known about their effectiveness in controlling crime. We investigate the relationship between police activity and crime using panel data of 17 Local Area Command for the period 2001 to 2013. We find a significant and strongly negative long-run relationship between both indices of police activity and each of break and enter, motor vehicle theft and robbery. No significant long-run relationship is found between assault and move-on directions. The person search activity is negatively related to assault, but the effect is weak; with a 10% increase in person search only resulting in a 0.5% fall in assaults. The implications for the exercise of police move-on and search powers are discussed.
A Learning Collaborative to Improve Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care Pediatric Practices
Authors: Norlin Chuck , Fleming-Dutra Katherine , Mapp Jeff , Monti Jennifer , Shaw Allison , Bartoces Monina , Barger Kevin , Emmer Suzanne , Dolins Judith C.
Published: March 2021

An American Academy of Pediatrics State Chapter organized a 6-month, mostly online quality improvement learning collaborative to improve antibiotic prescribing and patient education for upper respiratory infection (URI) and acute otitis media (AOM). Practices submitted data on quality measures at baseline, monthly, and 4 months post-project. Fifty-three clinicians from 6 independent, private primary care pediatric practices participated. Use of first-line antibiotics for AOM increased from 63.5% at baseline to 80.4% 4 months post-project. Use of safety-net antibiotic prescriptions (SNAP) for AOM increased from 4.5% to 16.9%. Educating patients about management for URI increased from 66.1% to 88.0% and for AOM from 20.4% to 85.6%. Practices maintained high performance for not prescribing antibiotics for URI (94.4% to 96.2%). Leveraging local relationships and national resources, this replicable antibiotic stewardship project engaged independent private practices to improve patient education for URI and AOM and prescribing and use of SNAP for AOM.
Classroom Environment, Teacher, and Girl Students’ Learning Skills
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Ullah Hazir
Published: March 2021

The current research examined the effects of teachers and classrooms environment on girls’ learning skills in girls’ high schools. The main objective of the study was to analyze the classroom as a key academic and learning site in which the nature of interaction between teachers and students and among peers have a strong impact on students’ learning skills. The study covers 271 girl students from four high schools (two government and two private schools) from district Gujrat, Pakistan. A proportionate random sampling technique was employed to draw a sample from the population. A quantitative cross-sectional survey method was conducted. The measurement tool consisted of eight different measurements of teacher, classroom, and learning skills respectively. The study findings reveal that the classroom environment has been positively associated with the learning skills of the girl students. We experiment with different formulations of the dependent and independent variables, taking full advantage of our data and additional analyses using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), allowed us to better ascertain and quantify the causal pathways in the relationship between classroom and girls’ learning skills in high schools.
Reform at the Intersection of Loose Coupling and Pedagogic Modalities: The Case of Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Trevor Tsz-lok
Published: March 2021

This paper contributes to our understanding of the micro-policy experience of an implemented curriculum from the perspective of students, in addition to teachers, as the key coupling agents in the schools of a Chinese global city. Although the phenomenon of decoupling in educational policy is widely recognized, much less attention has been paid to the micro-dynamics involved in implementing education reform policy from the perspective of students and teachers. It is argued that these local actors’ experiences are best captured by the bi-dimensional framework of loose coupling and pedagogic modalities. This argument is illustrated through a case study of the implementation of the Liberal Studies reform under Senior Secondary Curriculum in Hong Kong since 2009. The study demonstrates how students and teachers interpret and make sense of policy, strategic, and practical needs manifested in the microprocesses of policy coupling and decoupling.
How the United Kingdom Controls Pharmaceutical Prices and Spending: Learning From Its Experience
Authors: Rodwin Marc A.
Published: March 2021

To control costs and improve access, nations can adopt strategies employed in the United Kingdom to control pharmaceutical prices and spending. Current policy evolved from a system created in 1957 that allowed manufacturers to set launch prices, capped manufacturers’ rates of return, and later cut list prices. These policies did not effectively control spending and had limited effects on purchase prices. The United Kingdom currently controls pharmaceutical spending in 4 ways. (a) Since 1999, it has typically paid no more than is cost-effective. (b) Since 2017, for medicines that will have a significant budget impact, National Health Service England seeks discounts from cost-effective prices or seeks to limit access for 2 years to patients with the greatest need. (c) Since 2014, statutes and a voluntary scheme have required branded manufacturers to pay the government rebates to recoup the difference between the global pharmaceutical budget and actual spending. (d) For hospitals, generics and some patented drugs are procured through competitive bidding; community pharmacies are reimbursed through a system that provides an incentive to beat average generic market prices. These policies controlled the growth of spending, with the largest effects following budget controls in 2014. Changes since 2008 have reduced savings, first by paying more than is cost-effective for cancer drugs and then by applying higher cost-effectiveness thresholds for some drugs used to treat cancer and certain other drugs.
From Bite to Byte: Dental Structures Resolved at a Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Fresia R. , Marangoni P. , Burstyn-Cohen T. , Sharir A.
Published: March 2021

The systematic classification of the cells that compose a tissue or an organ is key to understanding how these cells cooperate and interact as a functional unit. Our capacity to detect features that define cell identity has evolved from morphological and chemical analyses, through the use of predefined genetic markers, to unbiased transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling. The innovative technology of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables transcriptional profiling of thousands of individual cells. Since its development, scRNA-seq has been extensively applied to numerous organs and tissues in a wide range of animal models and human samples, thereby providing a plethora of fundamental biological insights into their development, homeostasis, and pathology. In this review, we present the findings of 3 recent studies that employed scRNA-seq to unravel the complexity of cellular composition in mammalian teeth. These findings offer an unprecedented catalogue of cell types in the mouse incisor, which is a convenient model system for studying continuous tooth growth. These studies identified novel cell types in the tooth epithelium and mesenchyme, as well as new markers for known cell types. Computational analyses of the data also uncovered the lineage and dynamics of cell states during ameloblast and odontoblast differentiation during both normal homeostasis and injury repair. The transcriptional differences between the mouse incisor and mouse and human molars uncover species-specific as well as shared features in tooth cell composition. Here, we highlight these findings and discuss important similarities and differences between these studies. We also discuss potential future applications of scRNA-seq in dental research and dentistry. Together, these studies demonstrate how the rapidly evolving technology of scRNA-seq can advance the study of tooth development and function and provide putative targets for regenerative approaches.
Identification of Type H Vessels in Mice Mandibular Condyle
Authors: Li H. , Liao L. , Hu Y. , Xu Y. , Zhang Y. , Huo F. , Tian W. , Guo W.
Published: March 2021

Type H vessel is a specific vessel subtype that is strongly positive for CD31 and endomucin (CD31hiEmcnhi). It has already been identified that it can tightly regulate the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the long bone of mice and human beings. The long bone is formed through endochondral ossification, which is the same type of process happening in mandibular condyle. Although the ossification of long bone and mandibular condyle has the same developmental process, the existence of type H vessels in the mouse condyle remains unclear. To address this, we identified that abundant type H vessels existed in the subchondral bone of the mouse condylar head and endosteum of the mouse condylar neck. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence imaging of the condyles in different ages of male C57BL/6J mice demonstrated that type H vessels decreased while aging. Furthermore, we validated a positive correlation between type H vessels and Osterix+ osteoprogenitors in the condyle induced by mandibular advancement. Mechanistically, we confirmed that deferoxamine mesylate, which promoted the proliferation of type H endothelial cells by activating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathways, largely prevented the osteopenia in the condyle induced by botulinum toxin type A. Collectively, these results demonstrate that in the mouse condyle, type H vessels in areas of high function positively correlate with bone formation. In addition, we show a novel influence of HIF-1α signaling on osteogenesis via an increase in type H vessels. In conclusion, promoting angiogenesis of type H vessels is a promising strategy for the therapeutic improvement of osteogenesis in mandibular condyle.
The Editor’s Note: The beginning of a beautiful friendship?
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: March 2021

Since the field of education research emerged, complaints have proliferated about its quality and researchers’ failure to share findings with practitioners. Federal initiatives such as the What Works Clearinghouse have sought to increase the availability of research, but many researchers have continued to be disconnected from practicing K-12 educators. Rafael Heller explains that the research-practice partnerships described in the April 2021 Kappan show promise for bridging the divide.
A new day for education research and practice
Authors: Farley-Ripple Elizabeth N.
Published: March 2021

After decades of frustration that education research is irrelevant to practice and that educators do not use research to inform their work, there is reason to believe that the relationship between research and practice is improving. Elizabeth Farley-Ripple describes the how the conversation about research and practice is becoming broader, how stakeholders on all sides are becoming more aware of complexities, how brokers are helping researchers and practitioners connect with each other, and how researchers are making practitioners a more integral part of their work.
Improvement routines: Research by and for practitioners
Authors: Stevenson Isobel , Lemons Richard W.
Published: March 2021

The relationship between research and practice in K-12 is complicated and fraught. Research publications are unlikely to become more “user-friendly,” and teachers are unlikely to change their practice quickly or more willingly — nor should they. Recognize that reality, Isobel Stevenson and Richard Lemons explain that schools need to engage educators in improving practice in ways that incorporate research evidence but also value educators as creators of knowledge. One way of achieving that is improvement routines — a method for embedding repetitive examination and reflection into the business of schools and districts. Using instructional rounds as an example, the authors explain how to develop routines that have potential to improve practice and discuss some of the pitfalls to avoid when incorporating these routines.
What are the conditions under which research-practice partnerships succeed?
Authors: Farrell Caitlin C. , Wentworth Laura , Nayfack Michelle
Published: March 2021

Research-practice partnerships (RPPs) are long-term collaborations between researchers and practitioners aimed at educational improvement and transformation through engagement with research. Yet RPPs can be challenging to implement, and even long running RPPs experience bumps in their work together. Caitlin Farrell, Laura Wentworth, and Michelle Nayfack discuss what conditions helped school district leaders and researchers from the partnership between Stanford University and San Francisco Unified School District be more or less successful in influencing school district policies and practices, and they share recommendations on how to develop or support conditions for successful partnerships.
America’s inescapable crisis: Student homelessness
Authors: Bishop Joseph , Gonzalez Lorena Camargo , Rivera Edwin
Published: March 2021

Homelessness among U.S. K-12 students has been on the rise for decades, and it shows no signs of slowing down, especially as the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to significant unemployment. Joseph Bishop describes findings from a study of student homelessness in California. Interviews with those experiencing homelessness and those who serve them, as well as analysis of the data, reveal the obstacles that prevent these communities from receiving the help they need. These include differing definitions of homelessness, limited funding being made available, and lack of training among the educators who could help identify and support students. Because of the multifaceted nature of the problem, groups at the local, state, and national levels must find ways to work together to arrive at solutions tailored to the need.
On Leadership: When conflict erupts, what’s a school system leader to do?
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: March 2021

In a politically charged environment, district leaders may face conflict over what kinds of content and messages are appropriate to share in schools. Josh Starr encourages district leaders not to avoid the debate but to be open about their own views and encourage productive debate whenever possible.
Washington View: Toward more climate-friendly schools
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: March 2021

The Biden administration is taking steps to address climate change, but, so far, little attention has been paid to the role of schools. Even within the education sector, as Maria Ferguson explains, conversations about education and climate change tend to focus how to teach students about it, rather than about how schools themselves might contribute to it. Groups such as UndauntedK12 and the Sierra Club are encouraging schools, and the policy makers who fund them, to look for opportunities to make school buildings and buses more climate friendly.
Career Confidential: A teacher wants to help students manage disappointment better
Authors: Fagell Phyllis L.
Published: March 2021

In this monthly advice column, Phyllis Fagell offers advice to educators about their workplace dilemmas. One teacher wants to know how to help her easily frustrated students develop resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Another teacher is worried about the effect her school’s plan for hybrid instruction will have on her and her students.
Backtalk: For many students, there’s nothing elective about electives
Authors: Collyns Bay
Published: March 2021

Bay Collyns, a former teacher, explains that her daughter’s experiences taught her how critically important elective activities can be for children with special needs. Because Collyns’s daughter was on the autistic spectrum and needed additional academic support, there was no time in her school schedule for elective courses. Collyns was fortunate to be able to provide her with opportunities outside school, such as therapeutic riding and art classes, where her daughter could strengthen her social skills, develop her talents, and take pride in her accomplishments. When educators debate the value of extracurricular activities, Collyns argues, they should keep in mind that for many students, such opportunities are just as essential as the academic core.
Populism or Nationalism? The ‘Paradoxical’ Non-Emergence of Populism in Cyprus
Authors: Venizelos Giorgos
Published: March 2021

This article investigates the curious non-emergence of populism in contemporary Cyprus despite the deep financial crisis and profound political disillusionment – conditions that are treated as necessary and sufficient. Putting emphasis on Cyprus’ key historical particularities, the article inquires into the ways Cyprus’ political past, and the subsequent salient ‘national question’, produce ambiguous notions of ‘the people’ on the one hand, and impede the potentials for a ‘populist moment’ on the other hand. By assessing the performative dynamics of oppositional parties in Cyprus, the empirical analysis suggests that the absence of populism is rooted in the following factors: First, nationalist discourse prevails over, and significantly weakens, populist discourse. Second, self-proclaimed challenger parties served ‘old wine in new bottles’ further undermining their position and claims. The failure of populism to take root in Cyprus, brings to the fore important theoretical insights relevant to the non-emergence of populism even under favourable conditions.
Rationale, design, and methods of a randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial with open-label extension to investigate the safety of vosoritide in infants, and young children with achondroplasia at risk of requiring cervicomedullary decompression surgery
Authors: Savarirayan Ravi , Irving Melita , Maixner Wirginia , Thompson Dominic , Offiah Amaka C , Connolly Daniel JA , Raghavan Ashok , Powell James , Kronhardt Marcin , Jeha George , Ghani Sajda , Fisheleva Elena , Day Jonathan RS
Published: March 2021

Achondroplasia causes narrowing of the foramen magnum and the spinal canal leading to increased mortality due to cervicomedullary compression in infants and significant morbidity due to spinal stenosis later in adulthood. Vosoritide is a C-natriuretic peptide analogue that has been shown to improve endochondral ossification in children with achondroplasia. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the safety of vosoritide and whether vosoritide can improve the growth of the foramen magnum and spinal canal in children that may require decompression surgery. An Achondroplasia Foramen Magnum Score will be used to identify infants at risk of requiring decompression surgery. This is a 2-year open label randomized controlled trial of vosoritide in infants with achondroplasia ages 0 to ≤12 months. Approximately 20 infants will be randomized 1:1 to either open label once daily subcutaneous vosoritide combined with standard of care or standard of care alone. The primary and secondary aims of the study are to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vosoritide in children with cervicomedullary compression at risk of requiring decompression surgery. The trial will be carried out in specialized skeletal dysplasia treatment centers with well established multidisciplinary care pathways and standardized approaches to the neurosurgical management of cervicomedually compression. After 2 years, infants randomized to standard of care alone will be eligible to switch to vosoritide plus standard of care for an additional 3 years. This pioneering trial hopes to address the important question as to whether treatment with vosoritide at an early age in infants at risk of requiring cervicomedullary decompression surgery is safe, and can improve growth at the foramen magnum and spinal canal alleviating stenosis. This in turn may reduce compression of surrounding structures including the neuraxis and spinal cord, which could alleviate future morbidity and mortality.

Trial registrations: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04554940; EudraCT number, 2020-001055-40
Driving simulator study of the relationship between motion strategy preference and self-reported driving behavior
Authors: Rengifo Carolina , Chardonnet Jean-Rémy , Mohellebi Hakim , Paillot Damien , Kemeny Andras
Published: March 2021

Faithful motion restitution in driving simulators normally focuses on track monitoring and maximizing the platform workspace by leaving aside the principal component—the driver. Therefore, in this work we investigated the role of the motion perception model on motion cueing algorithms from a user’s viewpoint. We focused on the driving behavior influence regarding motion perception in a driving simulator. Participants drove a driving simulator with two different configurations: (a) using the platform dynamic model and (b) using a supplementary motion perception model. Both strategies were compared and the participants’ data were classified according to the strategy they preferred. To this end, we developed a driving behavior questionnaire aiming at evaluating the self-reported driving behavior influence on participants’ motion cueing preferences.

The results showed significant differences between the participants who chose different strategies and the scored driving behavior in the hostile and violations factors. In order to support these findings, we compared participants’ behaviors and actual motion driving simulator indicators such as speed, jerk, and lateral position. The analysis revealed that motion preferences arise from different reasons linked to the realism or smoothness in motion. Also, strong positive correlations were found between hostile and violation behaviors of the group who preferred the strategy with the supplementary motion perception model, and objective measures such as jerk and speed on different road segments. This indicates that motion perception in driving simulators may depend not only on the type of motion cueing strategy, but may also be influenced by users’ self-reported driving behaviors.
Gay Male Football Fans’ Experiences: Authenticity, Belonging and Conditional Acceptance
Authors: Magrath Rory
Published: March 2021

The relationship between English football and homosexuality has changed significantly in recent years. However, research examining this area of study has predominantly focused on the attitudes of ostensibly heterosexual men. By drawing on semi-structured interviews with 35 ‘out’ gay male fans, this article is the first to focus explicitly on LGBT fans’ sense of place in English football. Contrary to previous research, these gay male fans represent ‘authentic’ notions of fandom through their passion for football and respective clubs. The recent emergence of LGBT Fan Groups has provided sexual minority fans increased visibility, and a sense of belonging and community. Finally, despite ongoing concerns about football stadia’s hypermasculine and heteronormative environment, these fans believe that they have become an increasingly inclusive space. Accordingly, this article demonstrates that sexual minority fans are central to English football and argues that future research must acknowledge their increased prevalence.
Understanding the geography of affordable housing provided through land value capture: Evidence from England
Authors: Lord Alexander , Cheang Chi-Wan , Dunning Richard
Published: March 2021

Governments the world over routinely undertake Land Value Capture (LVC) to recover some (or all) of the uplift in land values arising from the right to develop in order to fund infrastructure and public goods. Instruments to exact LVC are diverse but are usually implemented independently. However, since 2011 England has been experimenting with a dual approach to LVC, applying both a tariff-style levy to fund local infrastructure (the Community Infrastructure Levy) and negotiated obligations, used primarily to fund affordable housing (Section 106 agreements). In this article we employ a difference-in-differences (DID) method to identify the interaction of these two instruments available to local planning authorities. We explore the question of whether the Community Infrastructure Levy ‘crowds out’ affordable housing secured through Section 106 planning agreements. In so doing we show that the interaction of these two approaches is heterogeneous across local authorities of different types. This raises questions for understanding the economic geography of development activity and the theory and practice of Land Value Capture.
Response Behavior and Quality of Survey Data: Comparing Elderly Respondents in Institutions and Private Households
Authors: Schanze Jan-Lucas
Published: March 2021

An increasing age of respondents and cognitive impairment are usual suspects for increasing difficulties in survey interviews and a decreasing data quality. This is why survey researchers tend to label residents in retirement and nursing homes as hard-to-interview and exclude them from most social surveys. In this article, I examine to what extent this label is justified and whether quality of data collected among residents in institutions for the elderly really differs from data collected within private households. For this purpose, I analyze the response behavior and quality indicators in three waves of Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. To control for confounding variables, I use propensity score matching to identify respondents in private households who share similar characteristics with institutionalized residents. My results confirm that most indicators of response behavior and data quality are worse in institutions compared to private households. However, when controlling for sociodemographic and health-related variables, differences get very small. These results suggest the importance of health for the data quality irrespective of the housing situation.
Current strategies in the reduction of stigma among caregivers of patients with mental illness: a scoping review
Authors: Monnapula-Mazabane Portia , Babatunde Gbotemi B , Petersen Inge
Published: March 2021

Mental healthcare and wellness are a global concern and have increasingly become an essential service and priority from a human rights perspective. However, negative attitudes towards mental health, such as stigmatisation and discrimination from communities and family members, continue to pose challenges for deinstitutionalisation and home care of mentally ill persons. This study aimed to review the literature on the content and implementation methods of stigma reduction interventions for family/community caregivers of patients with mental illness to inform the development of an anti-stigma intervention for such caregivers in low- and middle-income countries like South Africa. A scoping literature review was conducted of English language studies published from 2008 to 2019 in peer-reviewed journals, using established guidelines for the study objectives. Primary interventions targeting caregivers of mental health patients were searched from PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, and Medline. In total, nine full-text articles were extracted for inclusion in the review, indicating a scarcity of literature on anti-stigma interventions aimed at primary caregivers of mental health patients. Interventions varied in terms of educational content, duration, delivery methods, and sample sizes. Intervention delivery was primarily through face-to-face, telephone, and online methods. Anti-stigma interventions for caregivers of patients with mental illness are varied and show positive short-term impacts on mental health stigma reduction among family caregivers. The evolution of health systems is a feasible approach towards integrating learning and trials that are needed to assess long-term impacts.
Montgomery T-Tube Insertion Under ECMO in a Patient With Complete Subglottic Stenosis and Severe Lower Tracheal Collapse
Authors: Jin Beibei , Wang Ting , Wang Yuling , Zhang Jie
Published: March 2021

The treatment of complete subglottic stenosis (SGS) remains a challenge due to anatomic and technological limitations. Placement of the Montgomery T-tube is an effective treatment option. For complete SGS patient combined with lower trachea collapse, the ventilation management during the T-tube insertion process is more complicated. Here, we report a case with complete SGS combined with severe lower trachea collapse, which was successfully managed with T-tube insertion under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Worlds Apart? Connecting Competitive Dynamics and the Resource-Based View of the Firm
Authors: Chen Ming-Jer , Michel John G. , Lin Wenchen
Published: March 2021

Competitive dynamics (CD) and the resource-based view (RBV) emerged simultaneously from the study of strategy more than three decades ago. The two subfields have advanced since then to occupy established positions in strategic management. Generally, CD is outward-focused and interested in a firm’s moves and countermoves in the marketplace. The RBV looks inward, examining a firm’s internal organizational capabilities, its tangible and intangible resources. They have mostly been investigated independently; with limited exceptions, researchers have yet put together the two pieces of internal capabilities and external competitive profile. Consequently, we have only a fragmented snapshot of the firm’s core strategic elements and behaviors. Here, we compare and contrast the two perspectives along a number of dimensions such as focus of attention and conception of competitive advantage. Based on this understanding, we explore the CD-RBV interface, specifically how central elements of these research streams may be considered jointly to expand our understanding of firm behaviors and outcomes. We highlight limitations and lapses in the literature and suggest directions for future researchers interested in developing new theories connecting the intellectual boundaries of these two important strategy subfields.
The Recognition and Interactional Management of Face Threats: Comparing Neurotypical Participants and Participants with Asperger's Syndrome
Authors: Koskinen Emmi , Stevanovic Melisa , Peräkylä Anssi
Published: March 2021

Erving Goffman has argued that the threat of losing one's face is an omnirelevant concern that penetrates all actions in encounters. However, studies have shown that compared with neurotypical individuals, persons diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder can be less preoccupied with how others perceive them and thus possibly less concerned of face in interaction. Drawing on a data set of Finnish quasinatural conversations, we use the means of conversation analysis to compare the practices of facework in storytelling sequences involving neurotypical (NT) participants and participants diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome (AS). We found differences in the ways in which the AS and NT participants in our data managed face threats in interaction, where they spontaneously assumed the roles of both storytellers and story recipients. We discuss our findings in relation to theories of self in interaction, with an aim to illuminate both typical and atypical interactional practices of facework.
The Differential Effects of Caregiving Intensity on Overnight Hospitalization
Authors: Meyer Kylie , Gassoumis Zachary , Wilber Kathleen
Published: March 2021

This study aims to examine how caregiving for a spouse affects caregivers’ likelihood of overnight hospitalization. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examine the odds of spousal caregivers experiencing an overnight hospitalization in the previous two years according to caregiving status, intensity, and change in caregiving intensity. Caregivers were no more likely to experience an overnight hospitalization than noncaregivers ( OR = .92; CI [.84, 1.00]). Effects varied by intensity of care. Compared to noncaregivers, caregivers who reported providing no assistance with activities of daily living were less likely to experience overnight hospitalization ( OR = .77; CI [.66, .89]); however, caregivers who provided care to someone living with dementia for 4 to <6 years had 2.11 times the odds of experiencing an overnight hospitalization (CI [1.16, 3.85]). Although caregivers overall experience overnight hospitalization at a similar rate as noncaregivers, there are differences between caregivers by the intensity of care.
Individual and relational differences in desire for touch in romantic relationships
Authors: Jakubiak Brett K. , Fuentes Julian D. , Feeney Brooke C.
Published: March 2021

Although touch is common in romantic relationships and is generally beneficial, people differ in the extent to which they desire to give and receive touch. The current research identified individual and relationship characteristics that predict overall desire for touch and unique desire for overtly affectionate versus indirectly affectionate forms of touch. In both a sample of dating, engaged, and married individuals (Study 1) and a dyadic sample of married couples (Study 2), the strongest predictors of overall desire for touch were sex (being female) and high relationship quality (actor and partner). Attachment avoidance also predicted lower desire for touch overall (Study 1), and actor and partner attachment avoidance predicted lower desire for indirectly affectionate touch, in particular (Study 2). Finally, greater psychological distress predicted greater desire for indirectly affectionate touch in both studies. This novel descriptive information about desire for touch provides a foundation for future intervention work.
A cardiopulmonary bypass strategy to support a patient with vein of Galen malformation
Authors: Robertson Alex , Muthialu Nagarajan , Broadhead Mike
Published: March 2021

We present a dissection of the patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary artery for surgical repair utilising cardiopulmonary bypass in the setting of vein of Galen malformation. Several strategies were employed to attenuate the cerebral shunt including pH-stat, high cardiac index, restrictive venous drainage, continuous ventilation and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. The patient recovered from surgery with no apparent neurological sequelae.
Vitamin K and ECMO for neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure
Authors: Lock Nicole E , Sawyer Alexandra A , Wise Linda , Bhatia Jatinder , Stansfield Brian K
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

The objectives of this retrospective cohort study were to examine the effect of vitamin K administration on hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications, blood product utilization, and outcomes in neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Methods:

In the pilot study, complications, blood product use, and outcome data for neonates who received ( n = 21) or did not receive ( n = 18) a single dose of vitamin K (5 mg) immediately after initiation of ECMO for respiratory failure between 2006 and 2010 were compared. In the validation cohort, complications and outcomes were compared for 74 consecutive neonates supported with ECMO for respiratory failure who received ( n = 45) or did not receive ( n = 29) additional vitamin K once daily for prothrombin time (PT) ⩾14 seconds during ECMO from 2014 to 2019.

Results:

In the pilot study, vitamin K at ECMO initiation was associated with fewer thrombotic complications and similar hemorrhagic complications. The volume of fresh frozen plasma was higher in neonates who received vitamin K, but total blood product and other component volume did not differ between groups. ECMO run time, survival off ECMO, survival to discharge, and length of stay did not differ between cohorts. In the validation cohort, neonates who received additional vitamin K during ECMO had longer ECMO run time and length of stay, but no difference in mortality was observed. Further, thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications as well as blood product exposure were similar between cohorts.

Conclusions:

These data suggest that routine vitamin K administration may have limited or no benefit during neonatal ECMO.
Immunotherapy associated pain crisis and the haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome in advanced melanoma: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Krasovitsky Michael , Borbasi Jessica
Published: March 2021

Background:

Immunotherapy is increasingly used in the management of early and advanced malignancy. There is limited data regarding the associations between immunotherapy, malignancy, pain and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Case:

A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with advanced melanoma, with metastases to her brain, liver, lung, adrenal glands and bone. She had moderate opioid requirements prior to the initiation of therapy. Following doublet immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab, she experienced a severe pain crisis associated with pyrexia and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Possible courses of action:

Management dilemmas included whether or not to initiate non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory therapies, how to address the patient’s nociceptive, neuropathic and inflammatory pain, and how to manage the haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Formulation of management plan:

The patient required rapid up-titration of analgesia, including methadone, ketamine, hydromorphone, pregabalin and benzodiazepines. Ketorolac and high dose steroid therapy were administered for pain management and to mitigate treatment associated inflammation and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Outcome:

The patient’s pain was inadequately managed despite multimodal analgesia, and stigmata of inflammation progressed. She died 14 days following treatment.

Lessons:

The case demonstrates that severe pain may be a consequence of immunotherapy given for advanced, high volume melanoma.

Research avenues:

There is laboratory evidence suggesting an association between immunotherapy, malignancy, pain and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Further clinical evidence is required in order to understand these intersecting phenomena.