bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Квантовые поправки к проводимости в аморфном полупроводнике
Authors: Никуличева Татьяна Борисовна , Пилюк Евгений Александрович , Иванов Олег Николаевич , Морочо Амбойя Александер Альфредо , Япрынцев Максим Николаевич
Published: October 2022

В данной работе представлены результаты исследования магнитосопротивления (МС) тонкой пленки арсенида кадмия, нанесенной на подложку из лейкосапфира. При изучении МС наблюдался эффект слабой антилокализации, возникающий из-за поверхностных состояний. Наблюдаемый эффект хорошо описывается моделью Хиками – Ларкина – Нагаоки. Расчетное значение длины фазовой когерентности Lф изменяется в зависимости от температуры T по степенному закону Lф ∼ T −1/2, что свидетельствует о наличии двумерных топологических поверхностных состояний.
Palynology, Paleoenvironment and Stratigraphy Relationship of Tungan Buzu Hill with Adjacent Valley Gwandu Formation, Sokoto Basin, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: D. Ethelmary , O. Chioma , N. Angela
Published: October 2022

According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, there is a need to introduce entrepreneurship in the early years of universities. This paper discussed two objectives: creativity and innovation. These objectives will contribute to the success of university graduates' intention to embrace entrepreneurship early and become successful in life and be self-employed, thereby reducing the cluster of people looking for white-collar jobs. This study looked at entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurship intention among Anambra undergraduates. The theoretical framework was founded on the Plan Behaviour theory. The population of the study was 1,929, and the sample size was determined using the model of Borh and Gall (1973) to be 371. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analysed using tables and percentages. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis further, as well as to determine the relative predictive power of independent variables on dependent variables. The study concluded that a more positive relationship between entrepreneurship and these variables has a greater chance of success. The results show that creativity has a positive relationship with entrepreneurship, and innovation has a positive relationship with entrepreneurship. The study recommended that various universities, particularly those in Anambra State, should make efforts in raising awareness and to encourage undergraduates to take an interest in entrepreneurship. This should be incorporated into their curriculum to help students master what is Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneurship Intention amongst Undergraduate Students of Universities in Anambra State involved in entrepreneurship early on and embrace it for a better life.
PENGENALAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DI DUNIA KERJA: OUTSOURCING SYSTEM OF ENTERPRISE BUSINESS PROCESS
Authors: Lestari Made Irma
Published: October 2022

Accounting Information System (AIS) as an information provider machine, the intelligence of the business language, owned by the company will always change and is needed to change due to various factors, one of which is changes in business processes. Companies are faced with the decision to provide the need for an effective and efficient AIS. Companies can have one of three ways to acquire an AIS, including purchasing software, developing their own software in-house, or using AIS services and products from a system vendor (outsourcing). This community service was packaged in the form of an online public lecture which was attended by around 35 people consisting of college students in STIE Wiyatamandala and the general public. It is hoped that on the next occasion, public lectures or similar events with the topic of in-house system development can be held.
Addressing RouteNet scalability through input and output design
Authors: Ziazet Junior Momo , Boudreau Charles , Jaumard Brigitte , Duong Huy
Published: October 2022

With recent advances in the field of Machine Learning (ML), a multitude of problems related to communication systems and networks can be solved with data-driven solutions. Since data in these systems is mostly represented as graphs, Graph-based Neural Networks (GNNs) are a good candidate for solving such problems. These GNNs can be used as a computer network modeling technique to build models that accurately estimate the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) such as delay or jitter in real network scenarios in order to ensure their requirements in terms of service assurance. To build GNN solutions with higher accuracy, low computational resource requirements, and easy deployment of synthetic network training results into real-world networks, it is more than necessary to develop efficient and effective GNN models. This paper presents a GNN model capable of accurately estimating the average delay per flow in networks. By designing scale-independent features and using notions from queuing theory, the proposed model successfully generalizes to large size topologies, routing configurations, and traffic matrices not seen during the training phase.
Network resource allocation for emergency management based on closed-loop analysis
Authors: Blessed Guda , Aliyu Ibrahim , Agajo James , Lima Sarmento Thiago , Nahum Cleverson Veloso , Novoa Lucas , Aben-Athar Rebecca , Moura Mariano , Matni Lucas , Klautau Aldebaro , Mukundan Deena , Achari Divyani R , Karaca Mehmet , Tayli Doruk , Demirci Özge Simay , Sankar V. Udaya , Juvvisetty Sai Jnaneswar , Aditya V.M.V.S. , Dandekar Abhishek , Sultana Shabnam , Kim Jinsul , Ram OV Vishnu
Published: October 2022

The telecommunication system being a critical pillar of emergency management, intelligent deployment and management of slices in an affected area will help emergency responders. Techniques such as automated management of Machine Learning (ML) pipelines across the edge and emergency responder devices, usage of hierarchical closed-loops, and offloading inference tasks closer to the edge can minimize latencies for first responders in case of emergencies. This study describes the major results from building a Proof of Concept (PoC) for network resource allocation for emergency management using a hierarchical autonomous Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ML-based closed-loops in the mobile network, organized by the Internal Telecommunication Union Focus Group on Autonomous Networks (ITU FG-AN). The background scenario for this PoC included the interaction between a higher closed-loop in the Operations Support System (OSS) and a lower closed-loop in Radio Access Network (RAN) to intelligently share RAN resources between the public and the emergency responder slice. Representation of closed-loop "controllers" in a declarative fashion (intent), triggering "imperative actions" in the "underlay" based on the intent, setup of a data pipeline between various components, and methods of "influencing" lower layer loops using specific logic/models, were some of the essential aspects investigated by various teams. The main conclusions are summarised in this paper, including the significant observations and limitations from the PoC as well as future directions.
DERIVASI BAHASA MELAYU KUPANG
Authors: Renoat Emmy
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini berfokus pada derivasi bahasa melayu Kupang. Dua masalah yang melandasi penelitian ini adalah (1) kelas kata apa saja dalam bahasa melayu kupang yang mengalami proses derivasi dan (2) bagaimana proses derivasi dalam bahasa melayu Kupang. Analisis dilakukan pada data yang bersumber dari penutur bahasa melayu Kupang menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik agih. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa proses derivasi terjadi karena adanya proses afiksasi dengan penambahan beberapa prefiks. Prefiks- prefiks yang melekat pada kelas kata dasar yang dapat mengubah bentuk, makna dan mengasilkan kelas kata baru yakni prefiks ba-, pa-, par-, dan ta-. Penambahan Prefiks ba- pada kelas kata dasar nomina mengasilkan bentuk, makna dan kelas kata baru yakni verba dan ajektiva. Sedangkan pada kelas kata dasar ajektiva, penambahan prefiks ba- mengubah bentuk, makana dan kelas kata menjadi verba.  Penambahan prefiks pa- pada kelas kata dasar ajektiva mengubah bentuk, makna dan kelas kata baru menjadi nomina. Derivasi nomina dengan penambahan prefiks par-  mengubah bentuk, makna dan kelas kata baru menjadi ajektiva. Derivasi verba dengan penambahan prefiks ta- mengubah bentuk, makna dan kelas kata dasar verba menjadi ajektiva. Proses derivasi ini secara umum dapat dikaidahkan. Makna yang timbul akibat proses derivasi ini juga berubah dari makna kata dasar sebelumnya.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa Kelas V SDK St. Herman Yosef Paupire dalam Menentukan Tema Cerita dengan Model Pembelajaran DRTA
Authors: Waha Piran Petronela
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini berdasarkan permasalahan yang ditemukan guru di kelas V SDK St. Herman Yoseph Paupire. Masalahnya adalah siswa tidak dapat menentukan tema dari teks. Namun sebenarnya penentuan tema sudah dipelajari di kelas IV, namun siswa di kelas V tidak bisa menentukan tema. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini menggunakan model pembelajaran DRTA, untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut. DRTA merupakan model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan membaca dan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas berpikir. Proses penelitian tindakan ini menggunakan dua siklus. Siklus I menunjukkan 2 siswa sangat mampu menentukan tema, 11 siswa mampu menentukan tema, dan 10 siswa kurang mampu menentukan tema. Pada siklus II menunjukkan bahwa 17 siswa sangat mampu menentukan tema dan 5 siswa mampu menentukan tema. Sehingga dengan model pembelajaran DRTA dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menentukan tema.
Post-radiotherapy recto-vaginal fistula in cervical cancer
Authors: Mohamed Traore Wend-Yam , Onka Behyamet , Dokal Diallo Ibrahima , Latib Rachida , Omor Youssef
Published: October 2022

No Abstract
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys Welded by Laser Welding and Optimization of Welding Parameters Using Taguchi and ANOVA Methods
Authors: ADİN Mehmet Şükrü
Published: October 2022

In this study, the effects of different welding parameters applied during laser welding of AA2024 aluminum alloy materials on the tensile strength were investigated and their optimizations were made using Taguchi and ANOVA methods to obtain the most suitable welding parameters. The variable welding parameters such as laser power, pulse duration, beam power density and pulse energy were used in the study. As a result, it was concluded that the lowest tensile strength was obtained when 1800 W laser power, 5 ms pulse duration, 6000 W/mm2 beam power density and 9.5 Joule pulse energy were used, while the highest tensile strength was obtained using 2600 W laser power, 6 ms pulse duration, 6500 W/mm2 beam power density and 9.5 Joule pulse energy. When the results of the highest tensile strength (174 MPa) and the lowest tensile strength (113 MPa) were compared, it was found that the highest tensile strength was 53.98%, which was higher than the lowest tensile strength.
The Joy of Practicing Medicine
Authors: Saha Jyoti Bikash
Published: October 2022

Medicine has traditionally been regarded as a profession which provides tremendous job satisfaction. Many doctors and even medical students are being increasingly dissatisfied with the practice of medicine. In the past, when doctors met, they used to talk about the interesting patients they helped to treat. These days they usually talk about financial stresses, job pressures, bureaucratic hassles and red tape. Doctors are increasingly toying with the idea of changing careers, while others are burning out in their mid-forties, where has the joy of practicing medicine gone?
Post-marketing Surveillance on Safety of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine SA 14-14-2 in Burdwan District of West Bengal, India.
Authors: Haldar  , Das Sankar , Bisoi Sukamal , Basu Mausumi , Roy Samir Kumar , Sinha Abhik
Published: October 2022

Background- Japanese Encephalitis with high mortality and disability is serious public health menace in South-East Asia including India. Successful JE control of other S.E.Asian countries and the largest epidemic in Uttar Pradesh, led India to initiate mass vaccination campaign, in 2006, for immunizing 1-15 years children of eleven hyperendemic districts of five states with SA-14-14-2 JE vaccine. Methodology-Community based Active Postmarketing Surveillance for one year was conducted, in randomly selected villages of a randomly selected block of Burdwan district, West Bengal, involving 720 target children with objective to explore the safety of SA-14-14-2 vaccine, in Indian perspective. Results- About 15% and â‰¤1% participants suffered from pain and swelling and/or redness at injection site. Fever was the most prominent general systemic reaction developed by about 10-15% subjects, < 5% children reported reactions like headache, bodyache, nausea-vomiting, listlessness, loss of appetite, pain abdomen and loose motions etc. whereas almost 5-8% vaccinees affected by cough and runny nose. No serious AEs was reported up to one year after vaccination. Conclusion- Being consistent with results of other studies, present findings led to conclude that short term safety of vaccine appeared satisfactory requiring long term monitoring of AEFIs to explore its remote serious AEs.
Are transgenic food crops safe for human consumption?
Authors: Mundle Malay
Published: October 2022

The current controversy about genetically modified crops should be appreciated by Community Medicine specialists. GM crops are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. This is usually done to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species, like resistance to certain pests, or diseases, or environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, or resistance to chemical treatments or improving the nutrient profile of the crop1Farmers in the world have largely adopted GM technology at present. In 2012, GM crops were planted in 28 countries of which 20 were developing countries. It was also the first year in which developing countries grew 52% of the total GM harvest. Approximately 17.3 million farmers grew GM crops; and 90% of them were small-land holding farmers in developing countries. Farmers grew 11 different transgenic crops commercially on 160 million hectares of land.2
Unmet Need of Family Planning in Urban Slum of minority community in Kolkata: Is it any different?
Authors: Laskar Krishna , Das Nivedita , Akbar Fasihul , Mukhopadhyay Sujishnu , Sarkar Tarun Kumar , Chattopadhyay Dipankar
Published: October 2022

Introduction: India may boast of introducing a national programme for fertility control earlier than most countries had conceived it. But in the same breath we are yet to concede the fact that the ultimate objectives of such dreams remained largely unfulfilled. Unmet need for contraceptioncontinues to haunt us as being an unresolved riddle. The experts have been concerned about it and the dire necessity to address the problem was vouched in various National Programmes. Methodology-This cross sectional study was conducted among the parous Muslim women residing in an urban slum of Kolkata with the objective of estimating the prevalence and finding out the reasons responsible for unmet need in the community. Results- The prevalence of unmet need was 20.0%. It varied significantly betweenage groups below (35%) and above (13.3%) 24 years, between BPL (31.4%) and APL (6.7%) and between Joint (25.5%) and nuclear (5.6%) families. The AOR for joint families was 4.522 (95% C.I.  0.482 - 42.438).  There was a statistically insignificant difference in the problem between the groups of women who had less than or equal to two children (19.6%) and those who had more than that (21.1%). But the difference that women with adequate spacing had the problem in greater numbers (44.4%) compared to those who did not (10.5%), was statistically significant.  The commonest principal reason cited by the respondents was fear of side effects of the methods (38.5%). Conclusion- More in-depth qualitative enquiries are required to find out the reason of such contraceptive behavior of the minority community living in slums.
Awareness About HIV/AIDS Among Pregnant Women Attending PPTCT Centre RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Authors: Kumar Chandramani , Kumar Vijay , Karir Shilpa , Haider Shamim , Kashyap Vivek
Published: October 2022

Background: HIV/AIDS is one of the most dreaded entity that modern medicine has ever had to tackle. Heterosexual route of HIV transmission is much more common than any other route in India. Women are not only at higher risk of acquiring HIV infection, but they have got a unique role in transmission of HIV infection to children. The prevention of HIV infection is more important, therefore awareness of the various aspect of HIV deserve the ultimate important from the strategic point of view. Objectives: 1) To assess awareness about HIV/AIDS among pregnant women. 2) To find association between sociodemographic variables and awareness about HIV/AIDS among pregnant women. Material and Methods: A hospital based, cross sectional study conducted at PPTCT centre, RIMS, Ranchi from July 2013 to December 2013. Consecutive sampling method was adopted to draw the sample. Informed consent was taken from pregnant women prior to interview. Semi structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical analysis: Data were entered in MS Excel. Frequency distribution and Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: 300 pregnant women were interviewed. Majority of them were Hindu (76.3%). Most of the patients (56.3%) belong to rural area. 58.7% pregnant women heard about HIV/AIDS and 95.4% of them were aware on heterosexual route of transmission. Ethnicity, area of residence, education and pregnancy order of pregnant women were significantly related with awareness about HIV/AIDS. Mass media was main source of information for 81.2% of aware pregnant women. Conclusion: Awareness about HIV/AIDS among pregnant women was not very satisfactory in the present study.
Level of physical activity among nurses of tertiary hospital RIMS, Imphal
Authors: Nalo J , A Swaruprani Devi , Niveda Y , Jalina L , Angam N , Romola P
Published: October 2022

Background: Physical activity has many health benefits to people of all ages and both sex. It lowers the risk for many diseases, such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Nurses who engaged in regular exercise were more likely to encourage physical activity as a treatment than less physically active nurses. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical activity level among Nurses of RIMS, Imphal.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among all the working Nurses in RIMS, Imphal between October 2012 to September 2103, using self reported semi-structured Questionnaire. Chi- square test was used, P value of <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Mean age of respondents was 35yrs Â± 9. 34.3% watched TV for more than 3 hours but <4 hours, 7.7% never watched TV. 41.7% did household activities at home for 6-10 hours per week, 34% and 44.7% of them did not take care for babies and handicapped/Elderly at home. 57.2% went for food and groceries shopping for 6-11 hours per week. 42.5% reported sitting-light activity, 15% standing-moderate activity and 3.1% walking-heavy activity at work place.Conclusion: 1/3rd of the participants watched TV for more than 3 hours per day. A little less than half (41.7%) of respondents reported that they did household activities for more than 6-10 hours per week. About half of the respondents had reported sitting-light activity, 15% reported standing-moderate and 3.1% reported walking-heavy activity at work place.
Waist Circumference: A Key Tool for Action against Central Obesity
Authors: Annadurai Kalaivani , Mani Geetha , Dhanasekaran1 Raja , Ramasamy Jegadeesh
Published: October 2022

Worldwide, obesity is the fifth leading cause of death and it contributes to 44% of the burden of diabetes, 23% of ischemic heart disease and in between 7% to 41% of cancer burden.1 Globally, 400 million adults are obese and one billion are overweight. Central obesity is more dangerous than general obesity, as it attributes to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease risks.2 Abdominal or central obesity measured by waist circumference is the better and accurate predictor of cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome risk than the general obesity assessed by Body Mass Index (BMI). 3
Single Digit NMR and SBR: Ways to Achieve
Authors: Mandal N K
Published: October 2022

India has reached even the most hard-to-reach area and vulnerable children with affordable life-saving interventions despite numerous challenges with significant rural-urban, poor-rich, gender, socio-economic, and regional differences, which is evident by its triumph over polio. The country has acted to reduce maternal and child mortality rates and witnessed dramatic reduction in it over the past two decades. But success was not found up to the desired level in neonatal & still birth rate. Neonatal mortality has reduced much less than post-neonatal deaths, thereby increasing the contribution of neonatal deaths from 41% of under-5 deaths in 1990 to 56% in 2012. The estimated Stillbirth rate (SBR) in the country is 22 per 1000 live births. Unavailable history about pregnancy for women and misclassification of deaths have posed a real challenge to valid estimation of SBR in our country. The neonatal mortality rate is not uniform across India. While the state of Kerala has already attained Single Digit NMR (7/1000 live births); Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Chhattisgarh have experienced a higher neonatal mortality rate at 30 or more per 1000 live births. As a result, newborn health has drawn the attention of policymakers at the highest level in India. This has resulted in strong political commitment to end preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths, and recognize newborn health as a national priority.1
LEADERSHIP IN HEALTH CARE
Authors: Saha Jyoti Bikash
Published: October 2022

Traditionally, doctors were always selected and trained to be the lone Ranger, practicing in splendid isolation, accountable only to their patients and conscience. The picture has changed dramatically in the past few years with the widespread introduction of health insurance, corporate hospitals and managed care. Leadership in medical care has never been more important that it is today. Notwithstanding the expansion of corporate medicine, almost daily we hear of the disastrous breakdown of many of these health care systems. Even a cursory analysis shows that poor leadership in addition to poor leadership, in addition to poor management, is the cause. The medical community still does not understand the essential role of the medical leadership is not particularly inclined to get involved and is certainly not willing to surrender authority to any level of organization.
Mental Health: Current Issues and Challenges in India
Authors: Misra Raghunath
Published: October 2022

The World Health Organisation defined â€œHealth as a state of complete physical, mental and social being and not merely absence of the disease or infirmityâ€. It is very vital for the growth, development and productivity of a society. There is no health without mental health as it is the integral and essential component of health. Mental disorders are known to be caused by a complex interaction of biological, social, environmental, cultural and economic factors. A close association between mental disorders and several other morbid conditions or diseases was shown by different studies. For example, depression and cancer are known to coexist, while anxiety disorders are linked to the occurrence of cardiovascular disorders. Non-recognition of associated mental health problems often leads to delayed recognition and recovery. Mental disorders are gradually on increase in recent times. This is probably due to industrialisation, rapid urbanization, globalization, changing lifestyles, acculturation, improved recognition, and biological vulnerabilities. Consequently, depression, anxiety, alcohol use, suicidal behaviours, drug use, sleep disorders and several others are on the increase. It is estimated that 6-7% of population suffers from Mental and behavioural disorder. Together these disorders account for 12% of the global burden of disease and an analysis trends indicates this will increase by 15% by 2020. As per Global Burden of Disease report, mental disorders accounts for 13% of total DALYs lost for Years Lived with Disability (YLD) with depression being the leading cause.Depression, alcohol use disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders constitute the top 10 conditions contributing to the global burden of disease among the age group of 15-44 years. Mental and behavioral disorders are present, in about 10% of the adult population, at any given point of time. Mental health is now recognised as a critical requirement and is engaging the attention of policy-makers, professionals and communities in India and across the globe. Recognizing the importance, severity and consequences World Health Organization (WHO) observed this year on the most important mental health disorder-â€œDepression which affects people of all ages, from all walks of life, in all countries. The risk of becoming depressed is increased by poverty, unemployment, life events such as the death of a loved one or a relationship break-up, physical illness and problems caused by alcohol and drug use. Untreated depression can prevent people from working and participating in family and community life.
Mobile phone messaging system for reporting of laboratory results among patients with type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Dinesh
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Mobile phone messaging system has considered as a useful mechanism to improve the treatment adherence for type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. With the limited available literature with valid study designs the present study report the early experiences of a randomized control trail (RCT) to assess the effectiveness of software assisted mobile phone messaging system for improving treatment adherence. Methodology: Descriptive study to report early experiences of a RCT. Results: The online software with a variable enabled decision support system was developed based on national guidelines for treatment of DM. Total 475 patients were randomized for intervention and 481 kept as a control. The baseline variables of both the groups showed no statistically significant difference like for age, gender, socio-economic status, alcohol and tobacco use, dietary preferences, salt use, physical activity, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile. Conclusion: The mobile phone messaging system over a significant duration of period is a feasible method in rural settings and has the potential to serve as an additional behavior change strategy for improving treatment compliance.
Public-private partnership in health care of India: A review of governance and stewardship issues
Authors: Saha Somen , Panda Raj , Kumar Gaurav
Published: October 2022

Indian health care is characterized by a mixed health system and different kinds of delivery structure. Mixed health systems can be defined as involving â€˜centrally planned government health services that operate side-by-side with private markets for similar or complementary products and servicesâ€™.1 Public health care delivery system includes teaching hospitals, secondary level hospitals (at district and subdivisional level), first-level referral hospitals (community health centres/rural hospitals), dispensaries, primary health centres, sub-centres and health posts. The private sector, both for-profit and not for profit, however, is the dominant sector and services range from 2-bed facilities to 1000+ bed hospitals.2The private provisioning of health care has grown from a mere 5 to 10 percent during Indiaâ€™s independence era to 82 percent of outpatient visit, 52 percent of inpatient expenditure, and 40 percent of births in institution.3 A report of the task force on Medical Education for the National Rural Health Mission in India determined that the private sector provides 58 percent of hospital buildings, 29 percent hospital beds, and 81 percent of the doctors in India.
Blood pressure profile and its clinico-social determinants among attendees of urban health and training center of IQ City Medical College, Durgapur, West
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Kumar Rakesh , Chakraborty Sasthi Narayan , Basu Debasis , Richa  , Ghose Gautam
Published: October 2022

Background: High blood pressure or Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death among the existing non communicable diseases whereas pre-hypertension is the early intervention area from where HTN can be prevented. Hypertension, pre-hypertension can lead to so many comorbidities and life threatening conditions. Blood pressure profile and its epidemio-social determinants are few, though relationship with clinical and biochemical variables are well studied by many researchers. Apart from some social determinants, sedentary lifestyle, substance abuse, obesity and unhealthy diet are some major factors that contribute in occurrence of hypertension. Aims and objectives: To ascertain proportion and clinico-social determinants of different blood pressure profile. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in an institution among 208 adults, drawn by systematic random sampling, interviewed and examined with a schedule and necessary instruments at exit point. Multivariate logistic regression model taken to see the relationship with different variables. Results: 16.8% had HTN and 43.8% had pre-HTN. 29.3% males, 19% literates, 46.4% among subjects with some form of substance abuse, 25.7% HTN among physically inactive subjects. Conclusion: HTN proportion was as par with other records but proportion of pre-HTN was much higher. HTN and pre-HTN was more among males, people with substance abuse, inactive people, junk food consumers.
A School Based Study on Over-nutrition And it's Determinants in an Urban Area of Kolkata
Authors: Dasgupta Aparajita , Suman Sweta , Paul Bobby , Banerjee Rajarshi , Bandyopadhyay Lina , Mondal Shamita
Published: October 2022

Background: The World Health Organization has declared overweight as one of the top ten health risks in the world. The magnitude of overweight and obesity ranges from 9% to 27.5% and 1% to 12.9%, respectively among Indian children. Objective: This study was done to estimate over-nutrition among school students and itsâ€™ predictors. Methodology: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among 151 students of mid adolescent age studying in class VII - IX during July - September, 2017 in Kolkata. Informed consent was obtained from the school authority and parents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on various characteristics. Scoring for unhealthy food habit was done. Over-nutrition was determined by comparing BMI with WHO age-gender specific chart for children aged 5-19 years. Analysis was done using SPSS (v 16). Results: A total of 33.1% students falls in over-nutrition category. On bivariate logistic regression, factors significantly associated were maternal education [OR 2.36, 95% CI (1.1-5.1)], status of physical activity [2.95, 95% CI(1.6-5.9)], frequency of eating out [OR 3.42, 95% CI (2.3-5.1)], skipping breakfast[OR 1.4, 95% CI (1.2-1.6)], screen time [OR 5.4 95% CI (2.6-11.8)] and hours spent sitting idle [OR 1.37, 95% CI (1.2-1.6)]. On multivarible analysis, frequency of eating out [AOR 5.1, 95% CI (2.46-10.4)], skipping breakfast [AOR 1.75, 95% CI (1.28-2.4)] and screen time [AOR 0.14, 95% CI (0.04-0.5)] remained significantly associated. Conclusion: Over-nutrition is not very uncommon among school children pertaining to changing lifestyle. Health education and training should be given due importance at par with academics.
Study of Prevalence of Non Communicable disease risk factors using WHO-STEPs approach in a Slum locality of Bhopal city, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Khan Amreen , Melwani Veena , Toppo Manju , Dubey Manju , Arshad Shoaib , Sethia Soumitra
Published: October 2022

Background:

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic conditions that progress slowly and are rarely completely curable. These diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, pose an increasing public health challenge in India, especially due to changes in lifestyles, behaviors and the physical and social environments in cities1. They are mainly caused by preventable behavioral risk factors, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, and insufficient physical exercise3. It Is well known that a lot of diseases can be prevented by altering the life style and habits of people. This study was undertaken with the objective of studying the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs in the Anna Nagar slum locality of Bhopal city, Madhya Pradesh.

Material & Methods:

The study was conducted on the population of Anna nagar slums. The sample size was ISOfcalculated using the prevalence data of ICMR on NCDs) but 260 was covered. The household were selected using systematic random sampling and individuals from the houses were selected using KISH method as used in WHO STEPS approach. WHO STEPS questionnaire was used to collect data. Physical measurements were taken as per standard WHO protocol. Data were entered in MS-EXCEL and analysis was done using EPI INFO.

Results:

In the population, male members were 53% and females were 47% respectively. Mean age was 43.67±11,3 yrs.80% had not received any formal education.31% people had history of alcohol consumption and 16% of tobacco consumption. Only 36.2% participants had normal BMI. 35.8% were obese, 17.3% were overweight and 10.8% were underweight. Obesity was more in females as compared to males. Blood pressure was found to be elevated in 18.1% participants, HTN1 in 10.4% and HTN2 in 31.5% participants. 40% participants had normal blood pressure.

Conclusion:

The major population was illiterate. The risk factors like alcohol consumption and smoking was very prevalent and is largely attributed to the lowawarenessof people regarding risk factors
Targeted Screening for Diabetes among Women of Reproductive Age group in Kolkata: A Community Based Study
Authors: Saha Gitanjali , Mandai Nirmal Kumar
Published: October 2022

Background:

Diabetes is increasing in alarming scale in India. Diabetic among women in reproductive age has not been explored much in community level. The present study was conducted with objective to screen for diabetic among women between 18 and 44 years.

Materials & Methods:

A descriptive observational community based study was conducted with health camp approach. At first step, women between age 18 and 44 years were screened for three risk factors: age ≥40 years, BMI ≥25 and family history of diabetes. Those who have positive history were tested for random blood sugar.

Result:

Out of 17157 women, 6386 women were tested for random sugar. 16.21% were pre-diabetic and 19.21 % were diabetic. Prevalence of diabetic was found to Increase with increase in age, BMI, and positive family history and more among Muslim women.

Conclusion:

This type of screening will enhance Yield & help In early diagnosis and prompt treatment minimising gestational problems.
Competency Driven Approach in Advancing Reforms Agenda: Reinventing Indiaâ€™s Public Health Education
Authors: Zodpey Sanjay , Sharma Anjali
Published: October 2022

Today public health professionals face new and demanding challenges to improve health of the population and minimize health inequalities. The world suffers from the unappeasable tide of triple burden of disease, the threat of new pandemics, the environmental risks and weak health systems that impose severe burden on health services, systems and society, locally and globally. Disease knows no border; the developed and developing worlds are united by one scourge - the shortage of a public health workforce[1]. Recent public health events have emphasized the need to strengthen and develop the public health workforce. National Health Policy â€“ 2017 by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, recognizes the need to revise health professional education keeping in view the changing needs, technology and the newer emerging disease trends[2]. Improvements in public health can only be realized through the development of a workforce that understands that â€œworking differently means leading and learning differentlyâ€[3]. Competency based education (CBE) has witnessed a growing interest over the years in the field of especially for experiential learning and as a means for optimizing the preparation of health professionals[4, 5, 6].
Health Inequalities in India â€“ Will Looking through The Social Determinants Lens, Make A Difference?
Authors: Dobe Madhumita , Taklikar C S
Published: October 2022

In other words, what good will universal health coverage be, if we cannot change the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age (the social determinants) These conditions are, in turn, shaped by political, social, and economic forces resulting in differences in health that are closely linked with social disadvantages, most of which are avoidable /preventable through well designed and implemented policies and programs.1These avoidable inequalities within and between societies which determine their risk of illness and the actions taken to prevent them becoming ill or treat illness when it occurs are termed Health inequities.From time immemorial public health has tried to look into differences in numbers (prevalence/incidence) in different socioeconomic positions and revealed that, health and illness follow a social gradient- the lower the socioeconomic position, the worse the health. 1
Health Inequalities in India â€“ Will Looking through the Social Determinants Lens, Make a Difference?
Authors: Sarkar Kaushik , Kumar Atul , Gautam Manisha , Kumar Pratik , Gaikwad Sanjeev
Published: October 2022

Shrinking the global malaria map is one of the most remarkable successes of modern public health since the end of Second World War. More than 100 countries have successfully eliminated malaria since the early 20th century. Consequently, 20% additional population got the opportunity to live in malaria-free areas in the 60-years period between 1950 and 2010.1Currently, the disease is endemic in only 31 countries and India is featured in the list of top 20 malaria-endemic countries that together contributed 85% the global malaria burden.2India is also the only country outside Africa to be featured in that list.Government of India has set the target to eliminate malaria by 2030. In order to achieve the elimination certificate, the country has to be freed of malaria transmission by 2027 and the re-establishment of transmission is to be prevented in the subsequent years. With this ambitious goal set in 2016, the country has taken a tremendous stride in reducing the malaria cases over the past five years from about 1.1 million in 20143 to about 0.43 million in 20184. The percentage reduction in malaria cases during this 5-years period has been more than what India had achieved during the 15-years period since 2000. More importantly, the steep decline in malaria burden has been witnessed during a period when the global malaria response is at the crossroads with a static annual incidence of the disease since 2014.5
Introspection of Visually Impaired Children: a Qualitative Study in a Blind School of Kolkata, West Bengal
Authors: Mandal Shamita , Dasgupta Aparajita , Bandyopadhyay Lina
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The world has 1.3 billion people living with some form of vision impairment which is associated with problems related to mobility, education, occupation and activities of daily living leading to stress ,mental trauma and stigma of these children & their family members. Objective : Exploration of stress, stigma and mental trauma of parents of visually impaired children of a blind school, Kolkata, West Bengal. Material &Methods: It was a Qualitative study conducted from May to July in 2018 in the form of 5 Focus Group Discussion among parents of visually impaired children & Key Informant Interview of Principal of the Blind School. Result: These children ,were equipped to identify presence & activity of other people by their other senses. All parents complained about bad behavior of Bus conductors & co passengers. Children had a good relationship with parents but domestic violence and divorce was also there . Sometimes children were restricted to participate in social programme in the family . Communication difficulties between parents &children was present during illness of children. Parents had stress regarding brail technique adoption by children . Principal of the school addressed some problems like,suicidal tendency, depression etc. Conclusion: Awareness programme addressing needs ,problems & support of visually impaired children should be organized in the community, Transport Division workers etc.
Assessment of Obesity among Adolescents from an Urban Area of Western India
Authors: Manna Souvik , Chauhan Naresh T , Verma Mamta
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Obesity is on the rise among adolescents in urban areas owing to rising affluence and decline of traditional eating habits. Knowing the prevalence of obesity among adolescents is important for developing age-appropriate interventions for prevention of non-communicable diseases in the community. Objectives: To document the prevalence of obesity in a sample of urban adolescents residing in Western India and to compare their BMI for age with WHO 2007 and CDC 2000 growth charts for adolescents. Methods: The data was collected from a cross-sectional sample of 300 adolescents selected purposively, aged 15â€“ 19 years residing in an urban area of Western India in the year of 2018. Age, gender and body mass index (BMI) were used to define overweight and obesity. Result: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 10.3% and 4.3% respectively as measured by the WHO 2007 reference standards. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 7.6% and 3.3% respectively when CDC 2000 standards were used and the difference was statistically significant using Chi-square test. Also, there was no significant difference on the basis of gender or socio-economic status of the adolescents using independent t test. Conclusion: One in six adolescents was either obese or overweight in our sample population. Males and females did not differ significantly on BMI categories and effect of socio-economic status was not documented.
Effect of Educational Intervention on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Tuberculosis among Uncertified Rural Practitioners in Singur, West Bengal
Authors: Dasgupta Aparajita , Roy Soumit , Bandyopadhyay Lina , Mandal Shamita , Podder Debayan , Bandyopadhyay Sayanti
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Though two-third of rural healthcare is served by URPs, most of them lack in proper training on treatment of Tuberculosis.Objective: To evaluate effect of educational intervention on perception of Tuberculosis management among URPs. Methodology: Knowledge and Attitude of participants were assessed using a predesigned questionnaire before and after an educational intervention. Results: Pre-intervention assessment revealed that majority (92.9%) had heard about PTB. Only 39.3% knew at-least 3 sites of EPTB. Nearly one-third knew about daily regime but 10.7% could name all five first-line ATDs. Few responded that Levofloxacin (25%), Moxifloxacin (10.7%), Amikacin (7.1%) should be avoided in chest symptomatics. Knowledge of punishment for intentional non-notification (10.7%) was poor. Only 42.9% opined for ATD use in pregnant and children. After intervention, knowledge had improved significantly (P<0.001). Attitude improved with no statistical significance. Conclusion: Educational intervention can improve knowledge of Tuberculosis among URPs and regular reinforcement is recommended for such programs.
Prevalence and Determinants of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Information Technology Sector Employees of Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Authors: Panchal Sweta , Viramgami Ankit P. , Pingle Shyam
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Employees of Information Technology (IT) sectors are always at higher risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), as multiple risk facors known to be associated with MSDs like poorly designed computer work station, lack of knowledge and attitude for ergonomic posture, long working hours with out sufficient rest breaks and sadentory life style are common in IT workers of India.

Aim:

To study association of MSDs with occupational and lifestyle related factors.

Methodology:

For execution of present cross sectional study, from Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India) based IT industry 184 employees of were enrolled through simple random sampling method. With the usage of pre-tested semiclosed questionnaire sociodemographic, life style and occupation related details were collected. Prevalence of MSDs for different body parts assessed though Modified Nordic Questionnaire. Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) score was used for assessment of ergonomic suitability of workstation. SPSS 17.0 software was used for detailed statistical analysis.

Result:

Among IT workers high prevalence of MSDs (66.8%) was observed. Highest prevalence of MSDs reported for lower back (32.6%), neck (32.1%) and upper back (29.9%). Association of MSDs were observed with their Body Mass Index (BMI), exercise habit and job tenure of the workers. Poor ergonomic design (ROSA score > 4) of computer work station and usage of laptop (compared to desktop) were found associated with high prevalence of MSDs.

Conclusion:

To reduce burden of MSDs, administrative interventions in terms of improving workstation design and regulation of work hours required. Also, training programmes for sensitization regarding workplace ergonomics and healthy life style to be arranged for IT workes.
Complimentary feeding practices amongst tribal and non-tribal population of Assam
Authors: Mahanta Tulika Goswami , Ronghangpi Padmashri , Baruah Manjit , Baruah Swarnali Devi
Published: October 2022

Problem statement:

Less than half of Indian infants aged 6-9 months receive some kind of complementary foods in addition to mother's milk and only 1 child in 10, between 6-24 months is fed optimally, i.e. fed as per the recommended practices.

Objective:

To assess and compare the complimentary feeding practices amongst tribal and non-tribal population of Assam.

Methods:

A community based cross-sectional observation study. A total of 300 mothers from ‘Tribal and Non-Tribal’ were interviewed using WHO recommended study tools. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 20. Chi-square test was done to see association between two variables. Binary logistic regression was done to find odds ratio. p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

Response rate was 93% (560/600). Mean age of initiation of complementary feeding was 7 months. Delay in initiation of complementary was seen more in non-tribal population than tribal population (64.1% vs 57.9%). Early initiation of breastfeeding was overall 79.3% (81.1% tribal vs 77.3% non-tribal). Colostrum was given in majority (44.6% tribal vs 44.5% non-tribal) which was found to be significantly different (p= 0.001). Normal weight was significantly higher in tribal than non-tribal community (90.5% vs 81.1%) (p=0.003).

Conclusion:

Health education and demonstration of complementary diet with locally available homemade ingredients may increase care giver's knowledge and enhance complementary feeding practices.