bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D printing in the education of graphic engineering and design students
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Banjanin Bojan , Pál Magdolna ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Dimovski Vladimir ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Adamović Savka ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Lilić Ana ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2020

Today, 3D printing is taking its constantly growing part in a lot of different manufacturing industries, educational institutions and a lot of entrepreneurship and home businesses. Besides prototyping and proof of concept, utilization of 3D printing is undoubtedly spreading its roots in manufacturing of production and spare parts but also in aiding research and teaching processes. 3D printing has reinforced the self-employed segment of market called makers but also has influenced forming a significant number of educational online video channels. A lot of crowdfunded web sites promote affordable desktop 3D printers and 3D modellers and designers who design models exclusively for 3D printing, taking its specificity into account. Also, a community of designers, through 3D printing hubs where their work can be purchased, are thriving. There is also a massive trend in developing new materials for 3D printing such as electrically conductive composites, fire-resistant materials and materials with high strength or resilience. In the graphic industry, there is some progress regarding the utilization of 3D printing in the form of tactile maps and picture books, manufacturing customizable packaging, embossing tools, making parts for colour measuring equipment and printing of textiles. However, there is undoubtedly undiscovered usage intended for improvements in this branch of industry. The first part of this research aims to present existing researches and projects regarding the usage of 3D printing in creative and interdisciplinary industries such as graphic industry. The second part of this paper focuses on different initiatives in aiding educational process worldwide, and some of the methodology of implementing 3D printing in education. In the final part of this research, the potential of 3D printing for educational purposes of graphic engineering and design students is discussed. Methodology for getting theoretical and practical knowledge is proposed through a designed catalogue of 3D printing parameters. The purpose of this catalogue is to introduce undergraduate students with one of the most used and affordable 3D printing technique known as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and to provide them with basic knowledge of 3D printing parameters which further on can be expanded and supplemented.
Classification in scientific and technical writing
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia, Šafranj Jelisaveta , Katić Marina ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia, Zivlak Jelena ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2020

Classification is the rhetorical device closely related to formal definition. The first step in definition is to classify the term being defined. The term is placed in a group whose members have at least one outstanding characteristic in common. This member is differentiated from all other members of the class. In classification, however, the groups rather than individual members are differentiated. The reader is given the important information about the name of the class, the members of the class important for the discussion and basis for classification, often called criterion of difference. The basis of classification always reflects the particular purpose of the writer making the classification, and the basis relevant to one person may well be irrelevant to another.
Economic discourse and visual configuration
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Fundamentals Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia, Lošonc Alpar , Ivanišević Andrea ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Novi Sad, Serbia, Katić Ivana ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2020

Economic discourse has always used different visual modes of shaping perception. For example, characteristic classical image in economic discourse is the "invisible hand". In doing so, economic discourse reaches for, concerning of its metaphors, for resources in physics, but also in literature. If big part of the visual figures of economic discourse (equilibrium, e.g.) was borrowed from physics in the twentieth century, mathematics is a significant, even dominant source of the formation of visual perception, based on different schemes, graphs and geometric figures. In this paper, we show the configuration dynamics of visual perceptions in economic discourse, starting from the fact that visualization of economic discourse has the following functions: a) demonstration of certain knowledge, b) the realization of a performative visual effect, that is the creation of certain forms of visibility, c) persuasion of the public regarding the fact that economic discourse has cognitive authority.
Eye tracking study of frontal and profile face image observation and recognition
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Iskra Andrej
Published: November 2020

Facial images are an important element of nonverbal communication. Eye-tracking systems enable us to objectively measure and analyse the way we look at facial images and thus to study the behaviour of observers. Different ways of looking at facial images influence the process of remembering faces and recognition performance. In the real world we are dealing with different representations of faces, especially when we look at them from different angles. Memory and recognition performance are different when test subjects look at the face from the frontal or from a profile view. We studied crossobservation and recognition, so we performed two tests. In the first test, subjects observed facial images shown in the frontal view and recognized them in the profile view. In the second test, the faces were observed from the profile and recognized in the frontal view. The presentation time in the observation test was four seconds, which was found to be an adequate time for sufficient recognition in some previous tests. The results were analysed with the well-known time and spatial method based on fixations and saccades and with the new area method using heatmaps of the eye tracking results. We found that the recognition success (correct and incorrect recognition) was better when the combination of frontal view and profile recognition was used. The results were then confirmed by measuring the fixation duration and saccade length. More visible facial features resulted in a shorter fixation duration and shorter saccade length, which led to a better memory. We also confirmed the results of observation and recognition by area analysis, where we measured the area, perimeter and circularity of heatmaps. Here we found that larger areas and perimeter and smaller circularity of heatmaps resulted in better memory of facial images and therefore better recognition.
3D printing and functionalization of textiles
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Čuk Marjeta , Bizjak Matejka ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Muck Deja ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Nuša Kočevar Tanja ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: November 2020

3D printing is used to produce individual objects or to print on different substrates to produce multi-component products. In the textile industry, we encounter various 3D printing technologies in fashion design, functional apparel manufacturing (protective, military, sports, etc.), including wearable electronics, where textile material is functionalized. 3D printing enables the personalization of the product, which in the apparel industry can be transformed into the production of clothing or parts of clothing or custom accessories. Additive technology allows a more rational use of the material than traditional technologies. In the textile industry we meet different uses of it, one is the printing of flexible structures based on rigid materials, another is the printing with flexible materials and the third is the printing directly on textile substrate. All rigid, hard and soft or flexible materials can be integrated into the final design using 3D printing directly on the textile substrate. We speak of so-called multi-material objects and systems, which have many advantages, mainly in the increasing customization and functionalization of textiles or clothing. The article gives a broader overview of 3D printing on textiles and focuses mainly on the influence of different parameters of printing and woven fabric properties on the adhesion of 3D printed objects on the textile substrate. In our research we investigated the influence of twill weave and its derivate as well as different weft densities of the woven fabric on the adhesion of printed objects on textile substrate. Therefore, five samples of twill polyester/cotton fabrics were woven and their physical properties measured for this research. 3D objects were printed on textile substrates using the extrusion based additive manufacturing technique with polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Preliminary tests were carried out to define printing parameters and different methods of attaching the fabric to a printing bed were tested. T - Peel adhesion tests were performed on the Instron dynamometer to measure the adhesion between 3D printed objects and textile substrates.
3D printed jewellery design process based on sculpture inspiration
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Košak Karin , Muck Deja ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Čuk Marjeta ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Nuša Kočevar Tanja ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: November 2020

In the article we present the educational process in which design students were guided through their design process, creating 3D printed jewellery inspired by the Forma Viva sculptures of the outdoor gallery Kostanjevica na Krki. The assignment was part of the international project Cumulus Re/Forma Viva, whose main goal was to implement digitization using 3D technology in the field of education for the preservation of cultural heritage. The task given to the 1st year masters students of Fashion and Textile Design at the Department of Textiles, Graphic arts and Design at the University of Ljubljana was to select a wooden sculpture and transform the visual and conceptual idea into a 3D printed jewellery collection. The curriculum of the course includes teaching the theoretical basics of 3D printing, 3D print design – fashion accessories and new production, business and marketing models as "disruptive" changes that result from this. In the practical part, students will learn the advanced design process of fashion accessory objects, including 3D technologies such as 3D modelling and 3D printing. Students are guided through a process in which selected visual and conceptual content is translated into fine jewellery that can be created using various 3D printing technologies. In this way, students tested themselves in two new areas that allowed them to expand their design knowledge and experience in 3D modelling and jewellery design with the goal of better "arming" themselves with the latest technologies for today's competitive world.
Study of 4D primitives' self-transformation
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Pivar Matej , Muck Deja ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: November 2020

4D printing is the process through which a 3D printed object or primitive is transformed into another structure under the influence of external energy input such as temperature, light or other extertal stimuli. The 4th dimension is the time in which the primitive changes its appearance. In most cases, the shape changes. We call this a self-assembly or self-transformation process. In the process of printing a primitive, capable of transforming themselves from one shape to another, we often encounter combinations of one or two thermoplastic materials that have different thermal and physico-mechanical properties. The printed primitive is transformed where the active element is contained. The active element is the basic building block of the self-transforming primitive. For this purpose, it is necessary to choose the appropriate combination of thermoplastic materials, to determine the length of the active element and the number of layers of which it is composed. For the printing of the active element two thermoplastic materials can be selected which differ from each other in their thermal transitions and physico-mechanical properties. The process of transformation under the influence of elevated temperature should be carried out in such a way that the printed primitive is heated above the temperature of the glass transition that the material used on the active elements has. This releases the residual stresses created during the printing process and causes the active material to shrink. In this way, a primitive can be transformed from a flat shape to a final 3D shape. This shape is then maintained by controlled cooling below the glass transition temperature of the active element. In this paper the first research results of the primitive transformation were presented. The appropriate combination of materials and the optimal temperature of the water as external stimuli were determined, and finally the primitives’ shape recovery. In the research we used the active element which consists of a single layer of flexible, elastic thermoplastic material (passive material) and three layers of thermoplastic materials with the properties of shape memory polymers (active material). For printing we used the multitool 3D printer ZMorph which is based on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology.
Computational design used for jewelry
Authors:   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kozani, Greece, Efkolidis Nikolaos , Minaoglou Prodromos ,   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kozani, Greece, Aidinli Kyriaki ,   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kozani, Greece, Kyratsis Panagiotis ,   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kozani, Greece
Published: November 2020

Nowadays more and more computer-aided technologies and computational techniques are applied to product design. Jewelry belongs to those products. Jewelry is considered as part of human civilization and adopted to human’s needs. In recent years, computational design is applied in order to overcome the limitations of traditional CAD systems, when reaching an increased level of complexity and geometrical controls. Computational design supports the evolution of creative design and develops models as a form of the computational exploration. Furthermore, additive manufacturing (AM) pieces of equipment are widely used to create models and prototype parts in various applications. AM plays an important role, when developing jewelry models, as it is utilized with an aim to produce high-quality models in rather reduced numbers and complex shapes. In the current paper, a computer-based design tool was applied in order to develop algorithms for the generation of new artistic forms for the design of a set of jewelry. Then, Stereolithography (SLA) technique is chosen for the prototype models construction.
Development of products state identification application
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Đurđević Stefan , Novaković Dragoljub ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Zeljković Željko ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2020

The subject of this paper is the development and design solution of an application for product identification with smart packaging. The main goal of the study is to examine the functionality of a relatively new application design program "Adobe XD" company - "Adobe" as well as creating an application that will allow each user to very easily navigate through it. The main goal of the application is to give the user more information about the product than the packaging itself and help him choose the right product. The development of the application was preceded by research in the field of smart packaging and product state identification. This paper aims to set up an intuitive system in the form of a mobile application that would identify the product state and the information would be unambiguously obtained on the mobile device screen.
Advertising on city buses
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Dujmović Ana , Pušnik Nace ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: November 2020

Public transportation became a prime carrier of “moving images” in many consumer cultures. The main interest was to investigate how many advertisements participants can retrieve from memory and what was their general opinion on outdoor advertising. A field and online survey (both in form of questionnaire) were carried out in a group of 1200 participants. They were divided in six groups and analyzed according to their age, gender and frequency of using the public transportation. The results indicate that memory of outdoor advertising decreases with age. The participants most frequently agreed with the assertion/claim that outdoor advertisement on city buses of Ljubljana impedes the outside view through the window of the bus making it difficult to orient themselves according to surrounding. Advertisers could take this into account and avoid posting ads on the bus windows, or limit this to the parts where ads are least distracting the users.
Design solutions overview of universal motor gear drives with helical gears
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Mechanization and Design Engineering, Novi Sad, Serbia, Rackov Milan , Knežević Ivan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Mechanization and Design Engineering, Novi Sad, Serbia, Čavić Maja ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Mechanization and Design Engineering, Novi Sad, Serbia, Penčić Marko ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Mechanization and Design Engineering, Novi Sad, Serbia, Čavić Dijana ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Mechanization and Design Engineering, Novi Sad, Serbia, Kuzmanović Siniša ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Mechanization and Design Engineering, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2020

Today there are no products whose appearance is not important. Of course, the greatest attention is paid to products that are intended for mass consumption and personal use, since the customers want to emphasize their uniqueness. That doesn’t mean the other products are not given any attention but on the contrary. Within this paper, only universal gear reducer with helical gears will be considered. These units are often installed within the other products, so that they are usually invisible to the customers, and this paper will give attention to their design solutions overview. Universal gear reducers are relatively simple products and around the world there is a large number of manufacturers of these gear drives of different concepts and shapes. It is interesting to note that most manufacturers try to adopt the shape of gearbox housing that is significantly different from competing solutions. The reason for that is they want to accentuate their solution in order to and to avoid the possibility of an accusation of copying some other’s solution. Although, there are manufacturers which retain almost identical shape as a competing solution, which is probably a reason of bought licence or a consequence of inexperienced copying.
Use of prepress automation in the Czech Republic and examples of automated processing for selected prepress tasks
Authors:   University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Pardubice, Czech Republic, Roudný Petr , Držková Markéta ,   University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Pardubice, Czech Republic
Published: November 2020

The work is focused on the prepress and possibilities of its automation. The article provides a brief overview of main prepress operations together with software products available for their automation. The information on problematic areas of prepress processing and current use of software tools and prepress automation in the Czech Republic was gathered via the survey with almost a hundred participating companies. The questions about the type of company, the number of its employees and the number of orders received per day were also included so that the results could be better evaluated. As expected, most of the problems in prepress are connected to the printing data received from customers. The reported frequency of different issues and the time needed for the corrections are presented. The results also show that while almost half of the participating companies use a workflow system, which is the main means of automation, often it is not used to the full extent. Further, different possibilities of automated processing were demonstrated for three common issues selected on the basis of the survey results. The tasks included correction of files with default printer marks and a missing bleed, which belong to the most frequent problems, and adding the missing data for processing steps; this issue does not occur so often, but the participating companies reported they spend more time with its solution. The example PDF files were created in Adobe Illustrator and then processed in Adobe Acrobat, Callas pdfToolbox Desktop, Xerox FreeFlow Core, Enfocus PitStop Pro, and Esko Automation Engine. It was verified that when the given software includes the appropriate editing functions and the automated processing is employed, all the tasks can be accomplished very quickly – in the case of the example printing data, it was in less than a minute, usually in a few seconds. Based on the findings, the applicability and benefits of the alternatives considered are outlined. The comparison of functionality of the software tested and a number of their implementations in the participating companies suggests the important role of local resellers and support.
Analysis of the loading animation performance and viewer perception
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Vladić Gojko , Mijatović Selena ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Bošnjaković Gordana ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Jurič Ivana ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Dimovski Vladimir ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2020

Digital content presented to the viewer usually has to be processed by the device on which is displayed, in case of internet content processing is done by hosting server and user device with additional download time. Time elapsed for these tasks differs depending on the quantity of the data and complexity of the processing needed. Waiting time for content to be displayed can have significant influence on the user experience. Loading animations are often used to divert viewers’ attention or to provide viewer with the information about the process progress, estimated time, etc. Performance of these animation can differ depending on their type, elements or even a story. This paper presents analysis of the performance and viewer perception of different loading animations. Survey and eye tracking were used to gain insight in to the viewer’s perception of the loading animation. Results show noticeable differences caused by loading animation type.
Electronic publishing as a graphic product
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Zeljković Željko , Novaković Dragoljub ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Petrović Saša ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Milić Keresteš Neda ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Đurđević Stefan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2020

Electronic publishing has a particularly significant application as a graphic product in the publication of some products such as books and newspapers that have traditionally been essential products of newspaper printing, book printing and the like. In the electronic publication of newspapers, there are certain templates that are related to the identity of the publisher. There is a number of published and printed editions of newspapers that were published before the introduction of electronic editions. Newspapers stick to tradition and try to transfer printed editions to electronic ones, that is, to do the so-called digitalization. The process of digitization is a complex and extensive work consisting of analysis and proper preparation of the transformation into a bit of a mapped image with the help of reproduction devices, rearranging and arranging data with OCR software, creating metadata, database management and web application development. As current products of graphic production, multimedia appears as a set of different media that affect the human senses. Procedures for digitalization of graphic products with essential elements are necessary, and various software tools are needed for the realization of the process. This paper points out the most important segments of previously mentioned procedures.
Influence of white space on text scanning
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Jovančić Kata , Milić Keresteš Neda ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Nedeljković Uroš ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2020

Among its many roles, typography also serves to make a text more legible and readable, allowing the reader to follow the content flow with more ease. Typographic hierarchy, in turn, with its use of different logical and visual tools, serves to establish an order of importance of different text elements. To emphasize certain elements – i.e. create eye-catchers, typographers usually resort to making bigger and bolder items. In this paper we wish to examine whether white space can also serve as a means of emphasis. While several studies have already proven that white space influences consumer perception in advertising, no one has yet investigated the effects of white space on text scanning. With that in mind, we examined whether white space could contribute to the effectiveness and speed of text scanning. We used eye-tracking technology to collect accurate quantitative and visual data. Although the results did not show that white space has a positive effect on scanning speed or text structure memorability, we have noted a difference in the eye-movement pattern, which raises hope and leads us to believe that further research is needed.
The influence of PCL-ZnO coating composition on coated offset cardboard prints
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Cigula Tomislav , Hudika Tomislav ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Katana Mihael ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Golik Krizmanić Marina ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Tomašegović Tamara ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2020

The most significant printing branch in these days is packaging printing. Packaging must primarily preserve the product from damaging, but at the same time must attract the consumers to be picked up from the shelf in the store. To ensure protective and aesthetic role of the packaging the prints are commonly coated with varnishes which will improve visual, mechanical, surface, and optical properties. In this paper a coating composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and nanoscale ZnO was used to coat the offset prints on the cardboard. The coatings were prepared by adding various weight amounts of the ZnO nanoparticles (weight ratios of 0.1, 0.5 and 1%) into the mixture of PCL and ethyl-acetate. The coatings were applied onto prepared offset prints. The prints were evaluated before and after coating process by determining colour coordinates, print gloss, water vapour permeability and by calculating colour difference. The results showed that on the uncoated paper coating with prepared OVPs did not affect the colour reproduction outside acceptable tolerance levels, except for magenta coated with w(ZnO) = 0.5 and 1%. The coating with prepared coatings caused almost none change of print gloss on uncoated paper, but increased the print gloss on coated paper. The water-vapor permeability was lowered on both investigated paper types but on the uncoated paper the addition of ZnO nanoparticles decreased barrier properties in comparison to the coating composed of only PCL. Increasing the mass of added ZnO increases barrier properties of the print on both investigated cardboards. To conclude, this research has proved applicability of the PCL-ZnO coatings as a OVP on cardboard offset prints as it did not highly influenced colour reproduction but had decreased water vapour transmission rate. On the coated paper/cardboard one must take into account the increased colour difference of magenta and chose the ink to be closer to the target values at the beginning. In addition, to further investigate applicability in the packaging printing, further research should include investigation of resistance to ink fading in the ageing process, bending tests, adhesion etc.
The effect of controlling the weight variable on the typeface attribute assessment
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Žarko Jelena , Nedeljković Uroš ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2020

Certain characteristics specific for typeface design initiate different impressions on observers, but here arises a research problem where we cannot identify what specific or universal characteristics of the typeface initiate the impressions on certain attributes. A common problem encountered in previous researches is that fonts may vary in many variables and at the same time differ in width, weight, contrast, and structure. Therefore, it is difficult to determine and isolate which universal and specific characteristics of the typeface affect the impression. The subject of this paper is the isolation of the weight variable and the investigation of its relationship with typeface personality attributes. The main goal of this paper is to provide empirical support for theoretical assumptions, building on previous researches on the typeface personality and typographic rhetoric to show how specific typographic characteristics influence the experience of writing itself.
AI driven OCR: Resolving handwritten fonts recognizability problems
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Bratić Diana , Stanić Loknar Nikolina ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2020

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the electronic or mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten, or printed text into machine-encoded text. Advanced systems are capable to produce a high degree of recognition accuracy for most technic fonts, but when it comes to handwritten forms there is a problem occur in recognizing certain characters and limitations with conventional OCR processes persist. It is most pronounced in ascenders (k, b, l, d, h, t) and descenders (g, j, p, q, y). If the characters are linked by ligatures, the ascending and descending strokes are even less recognizable to the scanners. In order to reduce the likelihood of a recognition error, it is a necessary to create a large database of stored characters and their glyphs. Feature extraction decomposes glyphs into features like lines, closed loops, line direction, and line intersections. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network based on Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) algorithm as a method of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been used in text identification, classification and recognition using various methods: image pattern based, text-based, mark-based etc. Also, the application of AI generates of a large database of different letter cuts, and modifications, and variation of the same letter character structure. For this purpose, the recognizability test of handwritten fonts was performed. Within main group, subgroups of independent letter characters and letter characters linked by ligatures are created, and reading errors were observed. In each subgroup, four different font families (bold stroke, alternating stroke, monoline stroke, and brush stroke) were tested. In subgroup of independent letter characters, errors were observed in similar rounded lines such as the characters a, and e. In the subgroup of letter characters linked by ligatures, errors were also observed in similar rounded lines such as the letter characters a and e, m and n, but also in ascenders b and l, and descenders g and q. Furthermore, seven letter cuts were made from each basic test letters, and up to are thin, ultra-light, light, regular, semi-bold, bold, and ultra-bold, and stored in the existing EMNIST database. The scanning test was repeated, and recently obtained results showed a decrease in the deviation rate, i.e. higher accuracy. Reducing the number of deviations shows that the neural network gives acceptable answers but requires creation of a larger database within about 56,000 different characters.
6-month clinical performance of a universal adhesive on non-carious cervical lesions: self-etch and etch-and-rinse techniques
Authors:   Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Cruz Joana , Silva Ana ,   Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Eira Raquel ,   Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Coito Catarina ,   Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Lopes Manuela ,   Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Cavalheiro Alexandre ,   Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Published: November 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 6-month clinical performance of Adhese Universal applied with two different application strategies (self-etch vs. etch-andrinse technique) when restoring non-carious cervical lesions. Methods: Twenty-six patients participated in this study. Restorations of 117 non-carious cervical lesions were assigned to 2 groups: 1) Adhese Universal in the etch-and-rinse mode (n=59) and 2) Adhese Universal in the self-etch mode (n=58). The same resin composite (Tetric EvoCeram) was used for all restorations. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and at 6 months, using the World Dental Federation criteria. The results were analyzed statistically by the McNemar test (α=0.05 and power of 80%) to compare the differences between baseline and 6 months and a generalized estimating equation to compare the differences between the 2 techniques. Results: No differences were found in restoration performance between the baseline and the end of the 6-month period in the self-etch mode (marginal coloring: p=0.1366; fractures/retention: p=1.000; marginal adaptation: p=1.000; hypersensitivity: p=0.4795; recurrence of caries: p=1.000). On the other hand, in the etch-and-rinse mode, for both fractures/retention (p=0.0028) and marginal adaptation (p=0.0016), significant differences were found. Significant differences were also detected between groups at 6 months for fractures/retention and marginal adaptation (p<0.01). Nine restorations were lost at 6 months in the etch-and-rinse group. Conclusions: The tested universal adhesive obtained better results in the self-etch technique than in the etch-and-rinse technique, both on fractures/retention and marginal adaptation.
Dor durante o tratamento odontológico em pacientes com doença de Parkinson
Authors:   Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Anatomia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil, Cabral Etenildo , Silva Lícia ,   Centro Universitário Tabosa de Almeida, Caruaru, Brasil, Lins Carla ,   Programa de Pós-graduação em Gerontologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
Published: November 2020

Objetivos: Investigar a dor associada ao tratamento odontológico em pacientes com Doença de Parkinson. Métodos: Foi utilizada amostra de 70 pacientes com Doença de Parkinson, submetidos a 217 procedimentos odontológicos do tipo invasivo. Informações sobre sexo, idade e procedimento odontológico foram recolhidos dos ficheiros clínicos existentes. A intensidade de dor de cada procedimento foi verificada por meio de Escala Numérica de Dor com valores de 0 a 10. Categorias de intensidade de dor também foram definidas. Para análise, a dor foi considerada de duas formas: dor do procedimento e dor média do paciente. A dor média do paciente foi a média de dor dos procedimentos aos quais o paciente foi submetido. Associações entre dor e sexo, idade e tipo de procedimento foram testadas através do teste Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Para a dor do procedimento foi encontrada média de 0,8 e a categoria dor ausente foi a mais frequente (68,7%); para o parâmetro dor média do paciente, a média foi 0,9 e a categoria dor leve foi a mais frequente (52,9%). Maior nível de dor foi relatado com maior frequência entre aqueles submetidos a anestesia e a exodontia, de forma estatisticamente significativa. Os pacientes do sexo feminino também relataram nível mais alto de dor com maior frequência, mas sem alcançar significância estatística. Conclusões: Os tratamentos odontológicos realizados nos pacientes com Doença de Parkinson foram, em sua maioria, indolores ou de dor leve e a intensidade de dor esteve associada ao tipo de procedimento odontológico.
Manifestações bucais da leucemia linfoblástica: estudo clínico em centro de referência hematológico no Amazonas
Authors:   Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia. Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA). Manaus, AM, Brasil, Pias Melina , Neto Gerson ,   Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia (PPGO). Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brasil, Ferreira Célia ,   Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM). Manaus, AM, Brasil, Libório-Kimura Tatiana ,   Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia. Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA). Manaus, AM, Brasil,   Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia (PPGO). Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brasil,   Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal (DPML). Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM). Manaus, AM, Brasil
Published: November 2020

Objetivos: Avaliar clinicamente a mucosa bucal de pacientes infantojuvenis com leucemia linfoblástica. Métodos: Num período de doze meses, 36 pacientes com leucemia linfoblástica de células B ou T, entre 1 e 14 anos, tratados pelos protocolos GBTLI-LLA 2009 ou ALL IC-BFM 2009 foram consecutivamente localizados. A mucosa bucal foi clinicamente avaliada no início da pré- -fase/indução da quimioterapia e ao décimo quinto dia de tratamento. Resultados: Dos 25 pacientes que tiveram a mucosa bucal avaliada, 64% (n=16) eram do sexo masculino com média de idade de 6,9 anos e a maioria com leucemia linfoblástica de células B (96%; n=24). Desses, 44% (n=11) apresentaram manifestações bucais, sendo a maioria no início da pré-fase/indução da quimioterapia. As manifestações encontradas foram petéquias na mucosa bucal (31,6%; n=6), ressecamento labial (26,3%, n=5) e mucosite bucal (15,8%, n=3), sendo a mucosa não-queratinizada o sítio de predileção (84,2%, n=16). Conclusões: A frequência de manifestações bucais em pacientes infantojuvenis com leucemia linfoblástica é baixa, visto que a maioria dos pacientes neste estudo apresentou mucosa hígida. Esse facto pode estar relacionado com nossa baixa casuística ou ainda à baixa toxicidade dos protocolos adotados e equipa odontológica atuante na Instituição.
Kunstgeschichte - Stile erkennen - von der Antike bis zur Moderne
Authors: Schlagintweit Hans , Forstner Helene Katharina
Published: November 2020

Der Klassiker zur Einführung in die Kunst Kunstwerke sind wie Bücher: Sie wollen «gelesen» und verstanden werden. Wer Kunst nicht nur geniessen, sondern auch Epochen, Techniken und Stilmerkmale kennen und unterscheiden lernen möchte, kann sich hier das ABC der abendländischen Kunst aneignen. Ein handliches Taschenbuch, das die Fragen des Kunstinteressierten rasch und verständlich beantwortet. Dieses Buch gehört in die Reisetasche eines jeden Kunstinteressierten und in die Bibliothek aller Lehrenden! Im systematischen Teil werden die wichtigsten Begriffe an konkreten Beispielen mit Abbildung erläutert, aufgeteilt in die klassischen Disziplinen Architektur, Malerei und Skulptur. Zum Beispiel die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Komposition eines Bildes. Der zweite Teil vermittelt die eigentliche Geschichte der Kunst vom Griechentum bis zur Postmoderne auf einprägsame Art und Weise. Er erläutert die Erkennungsmerkmale der verschiedenen Epochen und Künstler anhand der jeweils bekanntesten Werke. Beispiel: Die Architektur der gotischen Kathedrale. Eine völlig neue Art, Kunstgeschichte zu vermitteln! Klare, für den Leser nachvollziehbare Fakten werden so aufbereitet, dass der an Kunst Interessierte spontan Stile und Stilelemente der einzelnen Epochen unterscheiden lernt. Der Textteil dazu ist in über hundert in sich geschlossene Kurzkapitel gegliedert, von denen jedes für sich allein und ohne Vorkenntnisse verstehbar ist. Dieses Buch wurde ganz bewusst auf schnelles Verstehen angelegt. Was der Kunstfreund wissen will, kann er ohne langes Suchen auffinden und lesen. Jeder Textstelle ist eine ergänzende Illustration direkt gegenübergestellt, so dass sofort deutlich wird, was gemeint ist, und entsprechende Stilelemente eindeutig erkannt werden können. Berücksichtigt sind hier besonders bekannte Kunstwerke - damit wird der Leser quasi nebenbei mit den wichtigsten Werken der Malerei, Skulptur und Architektur vertraut gemacht. Ein gesonderter Teil des Buches behandelt allgemeine Grundbegriffe der Kunst und erläutert die gängigsten Benennungen. Der eigentlich historische Teil vermittelt die Geschichte der Kunst vom antiken Griechentum bis zur Postmoderne mit vielen hundert Illustrationen. Aus dem Inhalt: I. Systematischer Teil Grundlagen der Architektur Grundlagen der Malerei, Zeichnung, Druckgraphik Grundlagen der Bildhauerkunst Ornament Kunsthandwerkliche Techniken II. Kunsthistorischer Teil Das antike Griechenland Das antike Rom Byzanz (oströmisches Reich) Die Kunst des Mittelalters im Westen: - Romanische Kunst, Gotische Kunst Renaissance und Manierismus Barock 19. Jahrhundert: - Klassizismus, Romantik, Realismus, Impressionismus, Jugendstil, Wegbereiter der modernen Malerei 20. Jahrhundert - Malerei, Architektur Ausführlicher Anhang und Register
Polemika przeciwko polemice. Plutarcha krytyka epikureizmu
Authors: Łapiński Krzysztof
Published: November 2020

Polemic against polemics. Plutarch’s attacks on Epicureanism Plutarch’s attitude toward Epicurean philosophy is extremely hostile. According to him, at the core of Epicureanism is subversiveness, an attempt to attack the most fundamental components of Greek culture: traditional morality, religious beliefs, educational, and political commitment. Moreover, the Epicureans were the only philosophers in antiquity who openly criticised Socrates, first and foremost for his εἰρωνεία and “unreasonable” death. In the article, the main tenets of Epicureanism, as well as Plutarch’s polemical efforts, are centered around the figure of τετραφάρμα-κος, or the “fourfold remedy”.
Przewalczyć egzystencję słowem. Z Paulem Ricoeurem o skończoności
Authors: Sobota Daniel Roland
Published: November 2020

To overcome the existence with a word. With Paul Ricoeur on finitude. The purpose this article is to present the main theses of Jarosław Jakubowski’s book entitled Skończoność egzystencjalna. Studium nad filozofią Paula Ricoeura [Existential finitude: A study on the philosophy of Paul Ricoeur] (Jakubowski, 2017), and their critical assimilation. In spite of this, or perhaps because the book itself deserves the highest praise, it calls for the deconstruction of its basic assumptions. In Part I the article reconstructs the main theses of Jakubowski’s work. In Part II, it argues that Jakubowski’s work is founded on the incorrect interpretation of the idea of finitude as conceived of by Heidegger. Heidegger is understood here as a representative of existentialism. This results in the fact that in spite of Jakubowski’s attempts to present Ricoeur’s philosophy as a new concept of human subjectivity, which, according to Jakubowski, best describes the title category of finitude, it fails to transcend frameworks arising from the so-called “metaphysics of the presence”.