bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Typography of Chinese Film Historiography
Authors: Zhang Yingjin
Published: November 2012

Chinese film historiography has long been a marginal or marginalized intellectual endeavor both in China and in the West, and one can hardly speak of it as a discipline even now. What is worse, an overemphasis on contemporary Chinese cinema over the past decade has resulted in a sheer
neglect of film history and historiography in this new field. In order to assess the current state of Chinese film studies and to get a more comprehensive view of the history of Chinese cinema, it is necessary for us to shift attention away from an exclusive focus on the 1980s and 1990s and
to examine, by way of archival research, historical investigation, and critical analysis, what has been accomplished in Chinese film historiography over the century.
Cultural Studies and Canons: Asian Cinemas across Disciplines and Institutions
Authors: Ciecko Anne T.
Published: November 2012

Cultural Studies has been formative to my pedagogical practices and scholarly development-encouraging me to think across disciplinary borders, question canons, address questions of cultural hybridity and identities, and actively move outside conventional academic boundaries by validating
different types of knowledge and experience.
The Writing of Indian Film
Authors: Barnouw Erik
Published: November 2012

In the fall of 1959 an Indian student, S. Krishnaswamy of Madras, enrolled in a course I was teaching at Columbia University, focusing on the interplay of film and society. One of his term papers, on the turbulent Indian film industry, fascinated me, and I peppered him with questions.
I gathered that its works ranged from a "new wave" inspired by the amazing Satyajit Ray to colossal musicals, made in a dozen Indian languages, dominated by stars who had developed an extraordinary grip over the public. In 1963 the industry planned to celebrate its fiftieth anniversary
of feature film production. My next sabbatical leave was due in 1961-62, and I began to think about a year of research in India, with family. The Japanese Film, a fine, illuminating work by Joseph L. Anderson and Donald Richie, had appeared in 1959 to wide applause. Shouldn't Indian film be
next?
Asian Filmmakers Moving into Hollywood: Genre Regulation and Auteur Aesthetics
Authors: Chung Pei-Chi
Published: November 2012

In the past few years, there has been a notable change of Asian representation in Hollywood. For one thing, Asian actors have gradually moved into Hollywood as a result of their recognition in films such as The Corrupter (1999), Rush Hour (1998), Lethal Weapon 4 (1998), and Tomorrow
Never Dies (1997). Asian actors such as Jackie Chan, Jet Li, Michelle Yeoh, and Yun-Fat Chow have all been able to walk through the door of Hollywood. And as a result of the box office success of their debut films, these actors have established themselves as stars in the world's biggest film
industry.
Structural Transformation of the Korean Film Industry, 1988-1993
Authors: Park Seung Hyun
Published: November 2012

The purpose of this study is to explore the transformation of the Korean film industry after Hollywood distribution companies were given the goahead to release their films in Korea. The focus is on the specific period between 1988 and 1993, when the Korean film industry was in the first
stage of "free competition." The article is structured around the three components of production, distribution, and exhibition.
The Krishnaswamy Approach: Documentary and Commitment
Authors: Ehrlich Linda C.
Published: November 2012

In a country where film stars have a disproportionate influence on the political climate, and where a rural audience makes up a large percentage of the spectators, there is a need for alternative forms of cinema. One such alternative is provided by Krishnaswamy Associates which, over
the past 30 years, has produced documentaries aimed at reaching a wide range of Indian (and international) viewers.
Case of the #UTShooter: The public working with, for, and around the news media
Authors: Holton Avery E.
Published: November 2012

Communication scholars have examined what motivates people to seek out news and information through various platforms, most recently analyzsing how and why social network sites (SNSs) such as Twitter have become important in the formation and dissemination of news. This study seeks
to build on such emerging research, using multiple methods to elucidate motivations for public engagement in the news process on Twitter and the resulting content. Against the backdrop of the 2010 shooting at the University of Texas at Austin, this study reveals novel motivations for public
engagement in the news process via the social network site Twitter while also hinting that such engagement may not always be considered journalism. The findings encourage new avenues of communication and news media research while suggesting updates to current definitions of journalism.
‘Managing Murdoch’: How the regulator that became a problem then became a solution
Authors: Purvis Stewart
Published: November 2012

In 2009 David Cameron, the Leader of the British Conservative Party, then in opposition, announced that ‘with a Conservative Government, Ofcom as we know it will cease to exist’ (Tryhorn 2009; Holmwood 2009). He said the United Kingdom’s communications regulator,the
Office of Communications (Ofcom), would be cut back ‘by a huge amount’ and would ‘no longer play a role in making policy’. Three years later, with Mr Cameron half-way through his term as Prime Minister of a Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government,Ofcom’s
budget had been cut – broadly in line with savings in the United Kingdom’s other public bodies – but it had far from ceased to exist. In fact it had an even wider role in regulation. Cameron’s government had asked Ofcom to regulate postal services in addition to
its existing responsibilities for telecommunications and broadcasting.The British Prime Minister said the regulator’s core functions were ‘essential’ (Leveson Inquiry 2012h: 50, par. 157). His government regularly asked for policy input from Ofcom and in 2011 sought advice
on how to handle issues of media plurality (Department for Culture Media and Sport 2011). Understanding how such a sudden political change of heart came about provides a case study into an issue which goes far beyond the United Kingdom’s shores – how political leaders, rather than
submit to demands from news organizations for the de-regulation of their activities, may find that regulators are, in fact, a useful buttress against media pressure.
A qualitative inquiry and a quantitative exploration into the meaning of game reviews
Authors: Ribbens Wannes , Steegen Ruben
Published: November 2012

Game journalism has become increasingly important for both consumers and producers of games. Consumers use reviews as a buyers’ guide while publishers use reviews to evaluate their developers. In this article we explore the difficulties game journalists face when writing a review
and the effect of these reviews on game sales figures. More specifically, in Study 1 we describe the processes that affect the writing of game reviews based upon interviews with eight prominent game journalists. The results indicate that game journalists need to take into account the highly
subjective experience of playing digital games, the rapidly evolving digital game audience, and the strong dependency on the industry. Study 2 complements Study 1 in that we examine whether game journalists influence game sales figures with their writings. Game review scores, advertising efforts
and content characteristics were regressed on the official game sales figures in Belgium. The results suggest that review score and advertising eff rts are good predictors of game sales while content characteristics do not influence game sales.
Depicting ‘the other’ in award-winning movies: A perspective on the motion pictures Slumdog Millionaire and The Hurt Locker
Authors: Marques Sandra C. S.
Published: November 2012

This article will focus on the analysis of the two award-winning movies Slumdog Millionaire (Danny Boyle) and The Hurt Locker (Kathryn Bigelow), both released in 2008. It examines their cross cultural representations for ‘othering’, with a view to identify the strategies
used in the construction of models for social ordering and validation of western superiority. Since the narratives of these movies attempt a representation across ‘western’ and ‘eastern’ identities, it is on ‘orientalism’ imagetics that I concentrate.
Introduction: Native Americans in Europe in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Mackay James , Stirrup David
Published: November 2012

Roy Harvey Pearce’s classic 1965 study of the ‘savage’ in American culture traces savagist origins to a European philosophical tradition in which the social theorist attempts to imagine society in its earliest formations, comparing the imagined forebear with contemporary
reality. The collision between this Rousseauian abstraction and frontier reality, argues Pearce, where ‘a primitivistic mode of social criticism came to America fully developed and virtually innocent of actual study of actual primitives’ (1965: 136), birthed a remarkably stable
set of signifiers of savagism as the polar opposite of civilization. Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr, in The White Man’s Indian (1979) extends both our understanding of the bon sauvage tradition and its revaluation under Romanticism in the early Republic to explain how even as tribes were being
herded from their lands under armed guard, New York and Washington audiences came to weep for the plight of King Philip in Metamora, Or the Last of the Wampanoags (1829). The do med Indian, noble or ignoble, came to symbolize the inevitability of American progress.
Off Native ground: Europe in contemporary American Indian poetry
Authors: Mackay James
Published: November 2012

The relationship between Europeans and American Indians is normally conceptualized as one in which European gazes distort Native cultures, moulding them to fit the ideal of what Robert Berkhofer calls ‘The White Man’s Indian’. But in the past half-century it has increasingly
been Native Americans who have been the gazing agents, and many Native poets have now set poems or entire collections of poetry in Europe. Examining poems from writers including Simon Ortiz, Jim Barnes, Drucilla Wall, Luci Tapahonso, Joy Harjo, Sherman Alexie, Gerald Vizenor, Ralph Salisbury
and James Thomas Stevens, I demonstrate that the Europe emerging from their work is, perhaps surprisingly, overwhelmingly seen as a place of welcome and pleasure – even when dark histories of colonization and Holocaust are recognized. Focusing on themes of land and hospitality,
I argue that Native writers often use Europe as a space from which to critique American cultural hegemony.
The makers of new words: A principally ethnographic account of community artists’ language
Authors: Denmead Tyler
Published: November 2012

This principally ethnographic research investigated the pedagogies of eight community artists. Unstructured, artist-led interviews produced salient concepts that were examined in participation observation of twenty workshops across five sites. I chose to represent their pedagogies through
three descriptive cases studies that feature four of the eight artists working in outdoor settings. Their workshops served nursery and primary school children, alongside nursery nurses, teachers and members of their families including parents and grandparents. Using a nested case study approach,
I included the perspectives of all eight artists to provide their interpretations of what they do and why do it when engaging others in so-called informal, community settings. I found that the community artists attempt to create conditions for open-ended enquiry across five dimensions: space,
time, material, body and talk. This article focuses on one of these dimensions – that of language.
Catch and release: Artworks inspiring insight into environmental issues
Authors: Beer Ruth , Grauer Kit
Published: November 2012

‘Catch+Release’ is a Canadian government-funded research and creation project of interactive new media artworks produced by a team of artists, educators and designers in collaboration with Parks Canada’s Gulf of Georgia Cannery National Historic Site. Its exhibition
component addresses marine environments and coastal communities that once relied on the fishing industry. Through viewer engagement with the artworks, within the context of the museum, the exhibition fosters awareness of the region’s social history and contemporary cultural conditions
– ‘catching’ stories and ‘releasing’ stories into the public sphere. The aesthetic and pedagogical strategies for promoting sensory, experiential, participatory learning opportunities and critical engagement, acknowledge the museum as an important informal educational
site in its role as custodian, maker of meaning and source of regional identity. The exhibition’s themes resonate globally in coastal communities that share challenges in adapting to (g)local ci cumstances of cultural and geographic transitions due to the demise of fishing industries.
The sublimity of monsters: Kant, Lacan and the Society of Connoisseurs
Authors: Šterk Karmen
Published: November 2012

This article deals with the bewildering question of the human fascination with evil: how is it possible that what is frightening, that what arouses dread and horror, is simultaneously fascinating, inviting of the spectatorial gaze, and the embodiment of terrifying enjoyment? The tremendum
and fascinas coincide and irreversibly overlap in Kant’s and Hegel’s respective philosophies of art, defined as an ability to produce sublime effects, effects that are – like the acts of monsters themselves – majestic, immeasurable and unspeakable. The discourse of
theoretical psychoanalysis is employed here to demonstrate and account for the fact that the subject willingly participates in, and enjoys, his or her own horror. The sublime object becomes uncanny through our detecting in it the representation of our own wish, the Lacanian object petit a.
In this sense, the evil core of monstrosity appears to be nothing less than the fulfilment of the subject’s wish to stand firm on the ethics of desire, the ethical programme formulated by Jacques Lacan. In turn, psychoanalytical rereadings of Kant develop two modalities of the human
artistic predicament: distinguishing moral acts from ethical ones, the paper differentiates ‘moral art’ from ‘ethical art’, a distinction according to which morality corresponds to a pacified, socialized, ‘compromised’ or ‘pathological’ sublime,
a sublimity known also as beauty, and ethics to an excessive, unsocialized sublime, a sublimity known also as the monstrous. The first is governed by the pleasure principle that aims at ‘civilized discontent’, the latter by the principle of desire that aims at enjoyment.
An uninvited analysis: The horror of interpretation in The Guard Brothers’ The Uninvited (2009)
Authors: Trafton Math
Published: November 2012

This article provides a close reading of the Charles and Thomas Guard film, The Uninvited (2009), exploring the ways in which it traces Freudian psychoanalysis in general, and the Oedipal narrative in particular. Emphasizing the indeterminacy of both Oedipus and The Univited alike,
the article discusses the temporal disorientation opened by the very process of interpretative analysis. The argument concludes with an account of how the film, in order to expose the way in which Freudian psychoanalysis provokes rather than remedies nightmarish haunting, makes use of false
memories and convoluted references to effect what is called jamais vu, a mode of foreshadowing which generally reveals that which has been concealed.
Mobility, media and relational communicative repertoires: An analysis of everyday family interactions
Authors: Linke Christine
Published: November 2012

This article focuses on the interrelation between everyday mobility, media and communication technologies and interaction practices in family relationships. The analysis is based upon a mixed method qualitative study conducted with ten couples and families in Germany. The findings indicate
that the usage of communication media is strongly related to the patterns of partners’ and family members’ mobility and is shaped as part of relational communicative repertoires. Communication media are instrumentalized to coordinate time- and space-relevant aspects and thereby
induce a flexibilization of communication. Relational communicative repertoires are not only characterized by different forms of media usage in relationships. Rather,they can be understood as a collection of the communicative dealings of family members in the context of their everyday structures
altogether. The findings clarify that practices of ‘doing mobility’ are a crucial and increasing part of those negotiations and foster a thesis on he mobilization of relational repertoires in couple and family relationships.
Visual chitchat: The use of camera phones in visual interpersonal communication
Authors: Villi Mikko
Published: November 2012

Photography and photo sharing nowadays form an important part of mobile phone communication, as evidenced by the rather ubiquitous camera phone. The purpose of the article is to examine how the practices of mobile phone communication influence the sharing of camera phone photographs.
In pursuing this goal, the ritual view of communication, formulated by James W. Carey, is utilized as a theoretical framework. According to the ritual view, communication serves in sustaining contact between communicators, without placing importance on the information that is exchanged. The
conclusion in the article is that ritual communication is evident in how camera phone photographs are captured and communicated in order to maintain social cohesion among a group or among individuals. In addition to a theoretically oriented analysis, the article utilizes results from a qualitative
study focusing on the mobile photo sharing practices of a group of Finnish camera phone users.
Freedom to create in the cloud or in the open? A discussion of two options for music creation with digital tools at no cost
Authors: Thorgersen Ketil
Published: November 2012

A challenge for teaching and learning in compulsory school music education, is how to make pupils learn music even between school lessons: To let processes of musical creativity and learning exist in a continuum in the pupils’ lives rather than just disparate moments in the few
music lessons offered. The advance of digital technology combined with the availability of computers for the majority of pupils could present some solutions to this problem, but each solution have their own flip sides too. In this article two possible solutions are presented from a pragmatist
perspective: One solution consists of a memory stick with a complete open source operating system complete with software for musical and media learning, production and composition, while the other solution is concerned with Web 2.0 solutions with software running via the web browser. The two
solutions have pros and cons regarding didactical impolication, ethical and philosophical implications and legal implications that are important for any music teacher to take into account.
Open-source software projects in music education: Stakeholders, structure and the development cycle
Authors: Myllykoski Mikko
Published: November 2012

Open-source software (OSS) projects are relatively unexplored territory in music education research and practice. In contrast to commercial software development, OSS projects are informally organized and free in terms of administration and control. Developers contribute in several ways
according to their own will and whenever they want. In music education, the possible OSS project stakeholders can vary from independent developers to researchers, schools and commercial companies. The structure of this multifaceted collaboration scheme can be very diverse and complex. This
article will present a case from a sponsored music educational open-source project that developed a mobile phone-based music software for children. The characteristics of collaboration, project structure, roles of different stakeholders and open-source licensing from this project will shed
light on different aspects and characteristics of OSS development in music education. As a conclusion, an iterative process model for OSS projects in music education will be drawn.
Interfacial sorption/desorption studies of Pu(IV) on Silica and alumina surfaces
Authors: Kumar S. , Kasar S. U. , Tomar B. S.
Published: November 2012

Combination of sorption, desorption and kinetic experiments for Pu(IV) in silica and alumina suspensions over the pH range (2–9) have been employed to study the factors controlling Pu mobility from the near field of the repositories. These studies have been carried out using shorter lived isotope of Pu (238Pu) thereby achieving Pu concentration (∼10-9M) near the solubility limit. Kinetic experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanism of the sorption process. In order to conclude about the surface speciation, desorption and leaching studies have been carried out on short as well as long time equilibrated sorption samples. Oxidation state transformation in the kinetic experiment was determined using parallelly carried out solvent extraction procedures. Silica was found governing the sorption at pH values≲ 5.5while both the surfaces quantitatively sorb the metal ion at higher pH values. The leaching and desorption experiments, in light of kinetic experiments, concluded the formation of small polynuclear Pu(IV) oxide/hydroxide species on both the surfaces. These experiments did not show any evidence for PuO2(am.) as the surface speciation. Oxidation state determination in silica supernatants revealed V as the oxidation state of Pu, while alumina suspensions favour higher oxidations state,i.e., (VI) over (V) in the supernantant. Disproportionation of Pu(V) in the interfacial region, caused by the higher sorption affinity of alumina, produces Pu(VI) in the alumina supernatant. These findings provide new insight for defining the source term of Pu migration in geosphere.
Minimum VaR and minimum CVaR optimal portfolios: Estimators, confidence regions, and tests
Authors: Bodnar Taras , Schmid Wolfgang , Zabolotskyy Tara
Published: November 2012

In this paper, we consider the sample estimators for the expected return, the variance, the value-at-risk (VaR), and the conditional VaR (CVaR) of the minimum VaR and the minimum CVaR portfolio. Their exact distributions are derived. These expressions are used for studying the distributional properties of the estimated characteristics. We prove that the expectation does not exist for the estimated variance, while the second moment does not exist for the estimated expected return. Moreover, expressions for the joint densities and the corresponding dependence measures between the estimators for the expected return and the variance as well as between the estimated expected return and the estimated VaR (CVaR) are derived. Finally, we present a confidence region for the minimum VaR portfolio and the minimum CVaR portfolio in the mean-variance space as well as in the mean-VaR (mean-CVaR) space. The obtained results are illustrated in an empirical study throughout the paper.
Modellierung der absoluten Impedanz einer Luftspule mit Wirbelstromrückwirkung
Authors: Wendler Frank , Tröltzsch Uwe , Kanoun Olfa
Published: November 2012

Die analytische Modellierung von Spulenimpedanzen stellt die theoretische Grundlage vieler Wirbelstrommessverfahren dar. Wenn permeable Materialien untersucht werden, ist nicht nur die wirbelstrombedingte Impedanzänderung von Interesse, sondern auch die Relation dieser Änderung zu dem absoluten Wert. Feldmodelle auf der Grundlage des magnetischen Vektorpotentials wurden bereits zur Berechnung der wirbelstrombedingten Impedanzänderung benutzt. Durch Konvergenzprobleme bei der Integration lässt sich diese Berechnungsmethode nicht exakt auf den materialunabhängigen Impedanzanteil übertragen. In diesem Artikel wird die Ursache dieser Konvergenzprobleme gezeigt und über die Methode der Inneren und Äußeren Induktivität gelöst. So kann das bisherige Modellierungsverfahren um den materialunabhängigen Anteil auf eine ganzheitliche Impedanzbeschreibung erweitert werden. Eine ganzheitliche Modellierung umfasst alle betragsmäßig relevanten Impedanzanteile und liefert ein Maximum an Information aus den einzelnen Impedanzspektren. Die Leistungsfähigkeit dieses Verfahrens wird im anwendungsrelevanten Frequenzbereich von 10 kHz bis 10 MHz demonstriert, wobei berechneten Werten Versuchsdaten gegenübergestellt werden.
Digital-holographischer Mehrwellenlängensensor HoloTop zur 100-Prozent-Kontrolle von Oberflächen
Authors: Carl Daniel , Fratz Markus , Giel Dominik M. , Höfler Heinrich
Published: November 2012

Das digital-holographische Verfahren ermöglicht erstmals die 3D-Vermessung auch rauer Oberflächen. Möglich wird dies durch die Überlagerung der Laserstrahlen bei der Mehrwellenlängenholographie. Dabei wird aus mehreren Interferogrammen ein topographisches Abbild numerisch berechnet. Innerhalb einer Sekunde vermisst das System eine Fläche von 20 mm×20 mm mikrometergenau und eignet sich dadurch besonders für die Inline-Inspektion von Bauteilen.
Hydrostatisches Hochdruck-Messelement bis 5000 bar mit einem Silizium-Glas-Verbundkörper
Authors: Heinickel Patrick , Werthschützky Roland
Published: November 2012

Das Verbundelement als piezoresistives Hochdruck-Messelement für 5000 bar basiert auf einem neuartigen Prinzip der mechanischen Verspannung infolge allseitiger Druckbelastung. Der Einfluss des Dickenverhältnisses von Silizium und mechanisch fehlangepasstem Glas anhand eines analytischen Ansatzes wird durch messtechnische Charakterisierung von sieben Verbundelementen mit drei unterschiedlichen Dickenverhältnissen bestätigt. Es zeigt sich ein nichtlineares Verhalten bei den Elementen mit den dicksten Glasgegenkörpern, die mehr als doppelt so dick wie das Silizium sind.
Arrhythmia Associated With Tetracaine in an Extremely Low Birth Weight Premature Infant
Authors: Maulidi Halima , McNair Carol , Seller Neil , Kirsh Joel , Bradley Timothy J. , Greenway Steven C. , Tomlinson Chris
Published: November 2012

Infants in NICUs undergo a variety of painful procedures. The management of pain has become an integral part of newborn infant care with the use of both systemic and topical agents to provide analgesia and anesthesia for procedural pain. Tetracaine and prilocaine-lidocaine are the 2 topical anesthetics most frequently used. Tetracaine belongs to an ester group of local anesthetics available as a topical 4% gel (Ametop, Smith and Nephew, Canada). The major side effects reported when using topical anesthetics are cutaneous reactions. There are no definite reports of systemic toxicity in the published literature. We present a recent case of an extremely low birth weight premature infant who developed a clinically significant arrhythmia after topical tetracaine was applied before the insertion of a peripherally inserted central catheter. The infant had no other identifiable cause for the resulting bradycardia that occurred only after Ametop was applied. The cardiac symptoms resolved with treatment. This case highlights a significant potential adverse event when using topical tetracaine.
Hospitalization of Rural and Urban Infants During the First Year of Life
Authors: Ray Kristin N. , Lorch Scott A.
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVES:

To examine hospitalizations and length of stay (LOS) for infants aged <1 year in rural and urban counties, hypothesizing that infants living in rural counties experience significantly different hospital use compared with urban infants.

METHODS:

Birth certificates for infants born in California hospitals between 1993 and 2005 and surviving to discharge were linked to hospital discharge records and death certificates during the first year of life, resulting in a study population of >6.4 million. Hospitalizations, cumulative LOS, readmission rates, and mortality were compared by using univariate and multivariable analysis for infants living in small rural, large rural, small urban, and large urban counties. Odds of hospitalization and cumulative LOS were also examined for common infant diagnoses.

RESULTS:

Infants living in increasingly rural counties experienced decreasing rates of hospitalization and decreasing number of hospitalized days during the first year of life. Infants living in small rural counties experienced 370 hospital days per 1000 infants compared with 474 hospital days per 1000 infants living in large urban counties. In multivariable analysis, infants in large urban counties experienced increased odds of hospitalization (odds ratio: 1.20 [95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.36]) and increased hospitalized days (incidence risk ratio: 1.17 [95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.29]) compared with infants in small rural counties. For most common diagnoses, urban residence was associated with either increased odds of hospitalization or increased cumulative LOS.

CONCLUSIONS:

Infants living in rural California counties experienced decreased hospital utilization, including decreased hospitalization and decreased LOS, compared with infants living in urban counties.
Impact of a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine on a Mumps Outbreak
Authors: Ogbuanu Ikechukwu U. , Kutty Preeta K. , Hudson Jean M. , Blog Debra , Abedi Glen R. , Goodell Stephen , Lawler Jacqueline , McLean Huong Q. , Pollock Lynn , Rausch-Phung Elizabeth , Schulte Cynthia , Valure Barbara , Armstrong Gregory L. , Gallagher Kathleen
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

During 2009–2010, a northeastern US religious community experienced a large mumps outbreak despite high 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine coverage. A third dose of MMR vaccine was offered to students in an affected community in an effort to control the outbreak.

METHODS:

Eligible sixth- to 12th-grade students in 3 schools were offered a third dose of MMR vaccine. Baseline and follow-up surveys and physician case reports were used to monitor mumps attack rates (ARs). We calculated ARs for defined 3-week periods before and after the intervention.

RESULTS:

Of 2265 eligible students, 2178 (96.2%) provided documentation of having received 2 previous doses of MMR vaccine, and a high proportion (1755 or 80.6%) chose to receive an additional vaccine dose. The overall AR for all sixth- to 12th-grade students declined from 4.93% in the prevaccination period to 0.13% after vaccination (P < .001). Villagewide, overall AR declined by 75.6% after the intervention. A decline occurred in all age groups but was significantly greater (96.0%) among 11- to 17-year-olds, the age group targeted for vaccination, than among all other age groups. The proportions of adverse events reported were lower than or within the range of those in previous reports of first- and second-dose MMR vaccine studies.

CONCLUSIONS:

This is the first study to assess the impact of a third MMR vaccine dose for mumps outbreak control. The decline in incidence shortly after the intervention suggests that a third dose of MMR vaccine may help control mumps outbreaks among populations with preexisting high 2-dose vaccine coverage.
A Quality Improvement Project to Increase Breast Milk Use in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Lee Henry C. , Kurtin Paul S. , Wight Nancy E. , Chance Kathy , Cucinotta-Fobes Tracey , Hanson-Timpson Tara A. , Nisbet Courtney C. , Rhine William D. , Risingsun Kate , Wood Matthew , Danielsen Beate H. , Sharek Paul J.
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate a multihospital collaborative designed to increase breast milk feeding in premature infants.

METHODS:

Eleven NICUs in the California Perinatal Quality of Care Collaborative participated in an Institute for Healthcare Improvement–style collaborative to increase NICU breast milk feeding rates. Multiple interventions were recommended with participating sites implementing a self-selected combination of these interventions. Breast milk feeding rates were compared between baseline (October 2008–September 2009), implementation (October 2009–September 2010), and sustainability periods (October 2010–March 2011). Secondary outcome measures included necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) rates and lengths of stay. California Perinatal Quality of Care Collaborative hospitals not participating in the project served as a control population.

RESULTS:

The breast milk feeding rate in the intervention sites improved from baseline (54.6%) to intervention period (61.7%; P = .005) with sustained improvement over 6 months postintervention (64.0%; P = .003). NEC rates decreased from baseline (7.0%) to intervention period (4.3%; P = .022) to sustainability period (2.4%; P < .0001). Length of stay increased during the intervention but returned to baseline levels in the sustainability period. Control hospitals had higher rates of breast milk feeding at baseline (64.2% control vs 54.6% participants, P < .0001), but over the course of the implementation (65.7% vs 61.7%, P = .049) and sustainability periods (67.7% vs 64.0%, P = .199), participants improved to similar rates as the control group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implementation of a breast milk/nutrition change package by an 11-site collaborative resulted in an increase in breast milk feeding and decrease in NEC that was sustained over an 18-month period.
Newborn, Carrier, and Early Childhood Screening Recommendations for Fragile X
Authors: Abrams Liane , Cronister Amy , Brown William T. , Tassone Flora , Sherman Stephanie L. , Finucane Brenda , McConkie-Rosell Allyn , Hagerman Randi , Kaufmann Walter E. , Picker Jonathan , Coffey Sarah , Skinner Debra , Johnson Vanessa , Miller Robert , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth
Published: November 2012

Fragile X syndrome, diagnosed by Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) DNA testing, is the most common single-gene cause of inherited intellectual disability. The expanded CGG mutation in the FMR1 gene, once thought to have clinical significance limited to fragile X syndrome, is now well established as the cause for other fragile X–associated disorders including fragile X–associated primary ovarian insufficiency and fragile X–associated tremor ataxia syndrome in individuals with the premutation (carriers). The importance of early diagnostic and management issues, in conjunction with the identification of family members at risk for or affected by FMR1 mutations, has led to intense discussion about the appropriate timing for early identification of FMR1 mutations. This review includes an overview of the fragile X–associated disorders and screening efforts to date, and discussion of the advantages and barriers to FMR1 screening in newborns, during childhood, and in women of reproductive age. Comparison with screening programs for other common genetic conditions is discussed to arrive at action steps to increase the identification of families affected by FMR1 mutations.
Identifying Teens at Risk: Developmental Pathways of Online and Offline Sexual Risk Behavior
Authors: Baumgartner Susanne E. , Sumter Sindy R. , Peter Jochen , Valkenburg Patti M.
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVES:

The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the prevalence and development of both online (OnSRB) and offline sexual risk behavior (OffSRB) in adolescence, (2) to establish whether OnSRBs and OffSRBs are related, and (3) to identify risk factors that determine problematic pathways of OnSRB and OffSRB.

METHODS:

A 4-wave longitudinal study with 1762 Dutch adolescents aged 12 to 18 was conducted (mean age, T1 = 14.52, 49% girls). By using group-based modeling, developmental pathways for OnSRB and OffSRB were identified and the relationship between both behaviors over time was examined.

RESULTS:

Substantial intraindividual differences in the development of OnSRB and OffSRB were found. The analysis revealed 3 developmental pathways of OnSRB: no risk (70.2%), moderate risk (23.7%), and high risk (6.1%). For OffSRB, we identified a no risk (90.6%) and an increasing pathway (9.4%). OnSRBs and OffSRBs were related and had common predictors (ie, sensation seeking, low educational level, gender).

CONCLUSIONS:

Only a minority of adolescents shows sustained high OnSRB. This group is likely to consist of low-educated, high-sensation-seeking adolescents who spend more time communicating on the Internet and come from less cohesive families. These same adolescents are also more likely to engage in OffSRB. Preventions should focus on these adolescents.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Uzark Karen , King Eileen , Cripe Linda , Spicer Robert , Sage Jackie , Kinnett Kathleen , Wong Brenda , Pratt Jesse , Varni James W.
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of this study was to assess health-related quality of life (QoL) in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), including development and field-testing of a DMD-specific module integrated with the core Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).

METHODS:

The PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core and DMD Module Scales were completed by 203 families, including 200 parents and 117 boys with DMD. Scores on the PedsQL Core Scales were compared with those of matched healthy children. Relationships between PedsQL scores and patient characteristics were examined.

RESULTS:

By both parent report and child self-report, mean PedsQL scores for boys with DMD were significantly lower than those for healthy children for physical and psychosocial QoL (P < .0001), with significantly impaired psychosocial QoL scores self-reported by 57%. Psychosocial QoL, by self-report only, tended to be higher in the older boys (13–18 years) than in younger boys (8–12 years; P = .05) and was not significantly associated with use of mobility aids. Although parents reported higher Daily Activities scores in boys receiving steroids (P = .01), boys receiving steroids reported no difference in Daily Activities but significantly less worry (P = .004). Parent–child concordance was generally in the fair to poor range. Internal consistency reliability coefficients for PedsQL DMD module scales ranged from 0.66 to 0.86.

CONCLUSIONS:

Overall, boys with DMD reported significantly lower QoL than their healthy peers. Despite decreased physical functioning, older boys seem to perceive better psychosocial QoL than perceived by their parents and by younger boys, unrelated to their need for mobility aids.
Buprenorphine May Not Be as Safe as You Think: A Pediatric Fatality From Unintentional Exposure
Authors: Kim Hong K. , Smiddy Monica , Hoffman Robert S. , Nelson Lewis S.
Published: November 2012

Buprenorphine is a partial μ−opioid receptor agonist that is approved for the treatment of opioid dependency. It is generally believed to be safer than methadone because of its ceiling effect on respiratory depression. As more adults in US households use buprenorphine, an increasing number of children are being exposed. We report a fatal exposure to buprenorphine in a small child that occurred after ingestion of a caretaker’s buprenorphine/naloxone. Postmortem toxicology analysis showed free serum concentrations of 52 ng/mL and 39 ng/mL for buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine, respectively. No other drugs were detected. Autopsy did not find signs of injury or trauma. The theoretical safety provided by the ceiling effect in respiratory depression from buprenorphine may not apply to children, and buprenorphine may cause dose-dependent respiratory depression.
Differing Attitudes Toward Fetal Care by Pediatric and Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialists
Authors: Brown Stephen D. , Donelan Karen , Martins Yolanda , Burmeister Kelly , Buchmiller Terry L. , Sayeed Sadath A. , Mitchell Christine , Ecker Jeffrey L.
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVES:

The expansion of pediatric-based fetal care raises questions regarding pediatric specialists’ involvement in pregnancies when maternal conditions may affect pediatric outcomes. For several such conditions, we compared pediatric and obstetric specialists’ attitudes regarding whether and when pediatrics consultation should be offered and their views about seeking court authorization to override maternal refusal of physician recommendations.

METHODS:

We used a mail survey of 434 maternal-fetal medicine specialists (MFMs) and fetal care pediatric specialists (FCPs) (response rate: MFM, 60.9%; FCP, 54.2%).

RESULTS:

FCPs were more likely than MFMs to indicate that pediatric counseling should occur before decisions regarding continuing or interrupting pregnancies complicated by maternal alcohol abuse (FCP versus MFM: 63% vs 36%), cocaine abuse (FCP versus MFM: 60% vs 32%), use of seizure medications (FCP versus MFM: 62% vs 33%), and diabetes (FCP versus MFM: 56% vs 27%) (all P < .001). For all conditions, MFMs were more than twice as likely as FCPs to think that no pediatric specialist consultation was ever necessary. FCPs were more likely to agree that seeking court interventions was appropriate for maternal refusal to enter a program to discontinue cocaine use (FCP versus MFM: 72% vs 33%), refusal of azidothymidine to prevent perinatal HIV transmission (80% vs 41%), and refusal of percutaneous transfusion for fetal anemia (62% vs 28%) (all P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Pediatric and obstetric specialists differ considerably regarding pediatric specialists’ role in prenatal care for maternal conditions, and regarding whether to seek judicial intervention for maternal refusal of recommended treatment.
A avaliação da implementação de políticas públicas a partir da perspectiva neo-institucional: avanços e validade
Authors: Rocha Roberto
Published: November 2012

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as linhas gerais de um modelo de avaliação da implementação de políticas públicas derivado da teoria neo-institucional. O modelo proposto busca estabelecer uma correspondência entre o momento de implementação da política e o processo de mudança institucional. A partir daí, são geradas análises fundamentalmente baseadas nos conceitos de dependência da trajetória e de custos de transação. A noção de dependência da trajetória é empregada no intuito de fornecer indícios a respeito dos fatores que sustentam a mudança institucional, ou seja, os elementos que constituem a base para a implementação da política. Já o conceito de custos de transação é utilizado como base de um esquema destinado a abordar os efeitos provocados pela implementação da política, proporcionando uma visualização do potencial transformador que os novos arranjos institucionais trazidos pela política implementada possuem sobre as práticas de governo. O modelo apresentado enfatiza a relevância da avaliação de políticas públicas inovadoras surgidas, principalmente, a partir de 1988 e destaca sua utilidade para a análise de políticas participativas.
A construção de um modelo de gestão que promove o desenvolvimento sustentável
Authors: Sampaio Carlos Alberto Cioce
Published: November 2012

Diante da dificuldade de encontrar soluções para os problemas elaborados - partindo das metodologias de planejamento - e visando garantir a implantação de tais soluções, surgiu o interesse de propor uma alternativa para superá-los. Para fundamentar essa proposição, foram aprofundados quatro elementos teóricos - gestão organizacional, espaço local, arranjo institucional e dimensões de sustentabilidade. A partir da análise de experiências empíricas pelo prisma desses elementos, foi consolidado um modelo de gestão organizacional estratégica para o desenvolvimento sustentável, resumidamente chamado de SiGOS, cuja maior contribuição consiste em relacionar três importantes ações: a política, a técnica e a ética. A ação política incorpora a diversidade de interesses organizacionais no processo de tomada de decisão. A ação técnica possibilita o equacionamento de três vetores: eficiência de processos, eficácia de resultados e efetividade para os beneficiários. A ação ética está contida numa nova visão paradigmática - que aqui se privilegia - , e que explica a maior parte dos fenômenos observados, permitindo soluções para os problemas que a maioria das pessoas quer resolver; ou seja, tem como objetivo um desenvolvimento socialmente mais justo, ambientalmente prudente e, ainda, economicamente eficiente.
Perspectivas teóricas contemporâneas nos estudos das organizações: apresentação de um modelo de análise da formação de joint ventures internacionais
Authors: Lopes Fernando Dias
Published: November 2012

Este artigo apresenta um modelo de análise da formação de joint ventures internacionais. Seu objetivo é mostrar que diferentes dimensões do ambiente moldam a decisão de entrar (ou não) numa parceria, a decisão sobre o parceiro, sobre a estrutura da parceria e a influência na dinâmica de evolução da parceria; fazendo-se necessário o emprego de um arcabouço multiteorético. O modelo teórico é composto de três abordagens, as quais, no conjunto, permitem uma melhor compreensão da natureza multifacetada desse fenômeno organizacional. As teorias que compõem o modelo são: a teoria institucional (aspectos socioculturais), a teoria dos custos de transação (aspectos econômicos e estratégicos) e a teoria da dependência de recursos (aspectos políticos).
Strength performance of fly ash and slag mixtures using gypsum
Authors: Karami Seema , Claisse Peter , Ganjian Essie , Pouya Homayoon Sadeghi
Published: November 2012

The lower environmental impact and economic cost of cements made from waste materials makes them an attractive alternative to Portland cement. This research was undertaken to study the performance of cement made by sulfate activation of a basic oxygen slag and run-of-station ash blended with red gypsum and plasterboard gypsum. Two-component and three-component mixes were tested as part of a systematic process of optimising for strength. All mixes had similar water to binder (w/b) ratio 0·3. The results showed plasterboard gypsum and red gypsum can be used with sulfate to form a sulfate-activated pozzolan basic oxygen slag run-of-station ash binder. Sample solutions were collected from a high-pressure through-flow test and analysed using inductive coupled plasma to measure the risk of leaching of heavy metals.
Briefing: Role of connections in preventing steel frame collapse in fire
Authors: Burgess Ian W. , Davison J. Buick
Published: November 2012

The resistance of steel-framed buildings to progressive collapse in fire is reliant on robust performance of the connections between beams and columns. Ian Burgess and Buick Davison of the University of Sheffield explain how the behaviour of connections in fire can be understood using component-based models.
Plant–microbial linkages and ecosystem nitrogen retention: lessons for sustainable agriculture
Authors: de Vries Franciska T , Bardgett Richard D
Published: November 2012

The use of nitrogen (N) in fertilizer has doubled the amount of reactive N in the biosphere, leading to increased greenhouse‐gas emissions and nutrient enrichment in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the global impact of N, many uncertainties exist about the factors that determine the loss and retention of fertilizer‐associated N in terrestrial ecosystems. A growing body of evidence shows that linkages between plants and soil microbes play a major role in controlling the loss and retention of N. The promotion of such plant–microbial linkages in agricultural systems has the potential to enhance N retention and reduce N loss. Although trade‐offs with agricultural yield are inevitable, promoting plant–microbial linkages will reap benefits in terms of plant crop resistance to climate change as well as to pests and diseases.