bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Oxindoles via ′Transition‐Metal‐Free′ Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Coupling (IDC) of (sp2) C—H and (sp3) C—H Bonds.
Authors: Kumar Nivesh , Ghosh Santanu , Bhunia Subhajit , Bisai Alakesh
Published: July 2016

The title compounds are prepared through C—C bond formation via tBuOK‐mediated one‐pot alkylation of β‐N‐phenylamido esters with alkyl halides followed by a dehydrogenative coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Alkylation of C3‐Substituted Indoles with o‐Hydroxybenzyl Alcohols: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Diarylindol‐2‐ylmethanes and Evaluation on Their Cytotoxicity.
Authors: Wu Qiong , Ma Chun , Du Xi‐hua , Chen Yan , Huang Tian‐zi , Shi Xiao‐qin , Tu Shu‐jiang , Cai Pei‐jun
Published: July 2016

A chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed Friedel—Crafts alkylation of 2‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols (I) with 3‐methylindols (II) and (IV) is established.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrahydronaphthyridines from Aldehydes and HARP Reagents via Radical Pictet—Spengler Reactions.
Authors: Jackl Moritz K. , Kreituss Imants , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: July 2016

A new class of reagents to access α‐substituted tetrahydronaphthyridines and their regioisomers via a formal Pictet—Spengler reaction in a predictable manner is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused Tetracyclic Pyridazino[6,1‐b]pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinazolin‐9(1H)‐one Derivatives via a Tandem Reaction.
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Ting , Qiang Wen‐Wen , Yao Chang‐Sheng , Wang Xiang‐Shan
Published: July 2016

The tandem reaction of hydrazide (I) with ketone (II) proceeds in the presence of excess NaHCO3 to give the title products (III) containing three new rings.
ChemInform Abstract: Accessing Elaborated 2,1‐Borazaronaphthalene Cores Using Photoredox/Nickel Dual‐Catalytic Functionalization.
Authors: Jouffroy Matthieu , Davies Geraint H. M. , Molander Gary A.
Published: July 2016

A range of borazaronaphthalene derivatives are efficiently and selectively alkylated using ammonium alkylsilicates under base‐free, near‐neutral conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Borylated Lactones from Esters via Electrophilic Oxyboration.
Authors: Faizi Darius J. , Issaian Adena , Davis Ashlee J. , Blum Suzanne A.
Published: July 2016

Borylated isocoumarins and pyrones are obtained from a range of alkynes with good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: (+)‐(14β)‐14‐Ethylmatridin‐15‐one, a New Quinolizidine Alkaloid from the Poisonous Plant Oxytropis ochrocephala BUNGE.
Authors: Tan Cheng‐Jian , Yi Ping , Goto Masuo , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Liu Li‐Na , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung , Zhao Bao‐Yu
Published: July 2016

The new quinolizidine alkaloid (+)‐(14β)‐14‐ethylmatridin‐15‐one (I) is isolated from the poisonous plant Oxytropis ochrocephala.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrofluids: From Preparation to Biomedical Applications
Authors: Bitar Ahmad , Kaewsaneha Chariya , Eissa Mohamed M. , Jamshaid Talha , Tangboriboonrat Pramuan , Polpanich Duangporn , Elaissari Abdelhamid
Published: July 2016

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review of EPR Studies on Magnetization of Nanoparticles of Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors Doped by Transition‐Metal Ions
Authors: Andronenko Sergey I. , Misra Sushil K.
Published: July 2016

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of the Carbon‐Transition Metal Double and Triple Bond: Annual Survey Covering the Year 2014
Authors: Herndon James W.
Published: July 2016

Review: 1336 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Baker′s Yeast as an Efficient Biocatalyst for Regioselective 1,4‐Conjugate Addition of Indoles to Nitroolefins in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Mane Ananda , Lohar Trushant , Salunkhe Rajashri
Published: July 2016

Review: [28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Field of Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Hydrogen
Authors: Chupakhin Oleg N. , Charushin Valery N.
Published: July 2016

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Emergence of Sulfoxide and Iodonio‐Based Redox Arylation as a Synthetic Tool
Authors: Shafir Alexandr
Published: July 2016

Review: [32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Making the Least Reactive Electrophile the First in Class: Domino Electrophilic Activation of Amides
Authors: Kaiser Daniel , Maulide Nuno
Published: July 2016

Review: [24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfonyl Azoles in the Synthesis of 3‐Functionalized Azole Derivatives
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino
Published: July 2016

Review: [111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Spiro and Fused Indole Derivatives from α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes Enabled by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: Tang Weifang , Du Ding
Published: July 2016

Review: [27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Reactions of 1,2‐Allenic Ketones and α‐Allenic Alcohols
Authors: Fan Xuesen , He Yan , Zhang Xinying
Published: July 2016

Review: [39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Hydrogenation of Dienic and Acetylenic Compounds on Metal‐Containing Catalysts
Authors: Stytsenko V. D. , Mel'nikov D. P.
Published: July 2016

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Solvents in Organic Synthesis: An Overview II
Authors: Shanab Karem , Neudorfer Catharina , Spreitzer Helmut
Published: July 2016

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review ‐ Evolution of the Development of In‐Sodium Oxygen Sensor and Its Present Status
Authors: Jayaraman V. , Gnanasekaran T.
Published: July 2016

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Properties at a Sub‐Nanometer Scale
Authors: Ni Bing , Wang Xun
Published: July 2016

Review: 94 refs.
Childhood body mass index in adolescent‐onset anorexia nervosa
Authors: Berkowitz Staci A. , Witt Ashley A. , Gillberg Christopher , Råstam Maria , Wentz Elisabet , Lowe Michael R.
Published: July 2016

Objective

Although weight history is relevant in predicting eating disorder symptom severity, little is known about its role in the etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to determine whether BMI or BMI trajectory differed between individuals who later developed adolescent‐onset AN and a comparison group of HCs between school grades 1 through 6.

Method

This study was based on longitudinal data that identified 51 adolescents with AN and 51 matched HCs. Cases were identified through community screening in Sweden and included individuals born in 1969 through 1977. Measured weights and heights were retrieved and BMIs and weight trajectories of the AN and HC groups were compared using growth curve analysis. Main outcome measures included measured BMI and BMI trajectories from grades 1–6. Secondary outcomes examined included ponderal index at birth and maternal body weight.

Results

Individuals who later developed AN had higher BMIs than HCs between grades 1 and 6, by an average of 1.42 BMI‐units. There was no difference in rate of weight gain between groups. Ponderal index at birth was higher for the AN as compared with HC group. Maternal weight did not differ significantly between groups.

Discussion

These findings, combined with those previously reported on the premorbid BMIs of those with bulimia nervosa, suggest that a predisposition toward elevated premorbid BMIs during childhood characterizes those who later develop anorexia or bulimia nervosa. These findings are consistent with a transdiagnostic perspective and suggest shared risk factors for AN and obesity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:1002–1009)
Fish introductions and light modulate food web fluxes in tropical streams: a whole‐ecosystem experimental approach
Authors: Collins Sarah M. , Thomas Steven A. , Heatherly Thomas , MacNeill Keeley L. , Leduc Antoine O. H. C. , López‐Sepulcre Andrés , Lamphere Bradley A. , El‐Sabaawi Rana W. , Reznick David N. , Pringle Catherine M. , Flecker Alexander S.
Published: July 2016

Decades of ecological study have demonstrated the importance of top‐down and bottom‐up controls on food webs, yet few studies within this context have quantified the magnitude of energy and material fluxes at the whole‐ecosystem scale. We examined top‐down and bottom‐up effects on food web fluxes using a field experiment that manipulated the presence of a consumer, the Trinidadian guppy Poecilia reticulata, and the production of basal resources by thinning the riparian forest canopy to increase incident light. To gauge the effects of these reach‐scale manipulations on food web fluxes, we used a nitrogen (15N) stable isotope tracer to compare basal resource treatments (thinned canopy vs. control) and consumer treatments (guppy introduction vs. control). The thinned canopy stream had higher primary production than the natural canopy control, leading to increased N fluxes to invertebrates that feed on benthic biofilms (grazers), fine benthic organic matter (collector‐gatherers), and organic particles suspended in the water column (filter feeders). Stream reaches with guppies also had higher primary productivity and higher N fluxes to grazers and filter feeders. In contrast, N fluxes to collector‐gatherers were reduced in guppy introduction reaches relative to upstream controls. N fluxes to leaf‐shredding invertebrates, predatory invertebrates, and the other fish species present (Hart's killifish, Anablepsoides hartii) did not differ across light or guppy treatments, suggesting that effects on detritus‐based linkages and upper trophic levels were not as strong. Effect sizes of guppy and canopy treatments on N flux rates were similar for most taxa, though guppy effects were the strongest for filter feeding invertebrates while canopy effects were the strongest for collector‐gatherer invertebrates. Combined, these results extend previous knowledge about top‐down and bottom‐up controls on ecosystems by providing experimental, reach‐scale evidence that both pathways can act simultaneously and have equally strong influence on nutrient fluxes from inorganic pools through primary consumers.
One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐tert‐Butylsulfinylimines and Homoallylamine Derivatives from Epoxides
Authors: Lahosa Alejandro , Foubelo Francisco , Yus Miguel
Published: July 2016

The reaction of epoxides with tert‐butanesulfinamide in the presence of a Lewis acid, such as erbium triflate or boron trifluoride–diethyl ether, in THF as solvent, under microwave or thermal activation, produces N‐tert‐butylsulfinylimines in reasonable yields. Aromatic and gem‐disubstituted and trisubstituted alkyl epoxides performed better than mono‐alkyl‐substituted compounds. After imine formation, a subsequent indium‐promoted allylation can be carried out in the same reaction flask in a single synthetic operation leading to homoallylamine derivatives with generally high yields.
Audiovisual distraction for pain relief in paediatric inpatients: A crossover study
Authors: Oliveira N.C.A.C. , Santos J.L.F. , Linhares M.B.M.
Published: July 2016

Background

Pain is a stressful experience that can have a negative impact on child development. The aim of this crossover study was to examine the efficacy of audiovisual distraction for acute pain relief in paediatric inpatients.

Method

The sample comprised 40 inpatients (6–11 years) who underwent painful puncture procedures. The participants were randomized into two groups, and all children received the intervention and served as their own controls. Stress and pain‐catastrophizing assessments were initially performed using the Child Stress Scale and Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children, with the aim of controlling these variables. The pain assessment was performed using a Visual Analog Scale and the Faces Pain Scale‐Revised after the painful procedures. Group 1 received audiovisual distraction before and during the puncture procedure, which was performed again without intervention on another day. The procedure was reversed in Group 2. Audiovisual distraction used animated short films. A 2 × 2 × 2 analysis of variance for 2 × 2 crossover study was performed, with a 5% level of statistical significance.

Results

The two groups had similar baseline measures of stress and pain catastrophizing. A significant difference was found between periods with and without distraction in both groups, in which scores on both pain scales were lower during distraction compared with no intervention. The sequence of exposure to the distraction intervention in both groups and first versus second painful procedure during which the distraction was performed also significantly influenced the efficacy of the distraction intervention.

Conclusion

Audiovisual distraction effectively reduced the intensity of pain perception in paediatric inpatients.

Significance

The crossover study design provides a better understanding of the power effects of distraction for acute pain management. Audiovisual distraction was a powerful and effective non‐pharmacological intervention for pain relief in paediatric inpatients. The effects were detected in subsequent acute painful procedures.
Preparation and Characterization of c‐LiMn2O4 Thin Films prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Albrecht Daniel , Wulfmeier Hendrik , Fritze Holger
Published: July 2016

In this work, lithium manganese oxide (LMO) thin films are prepared using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at room temperature. The as‐prepared films are amorphous and require a subsequent annealing step to achieve dense films of c‐spinel LMO (LiMn2O4). We applied different annealing temperatures under an argon atmosphere to investigate the thermodynamics of the films and to find the minimum crystallization temperature. Thereby, a simple film deposition process with only one subsequent annealing step is developed to prepare crystalline films. The samples are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thin‐film‐calorimetry, impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The results indicate that a narrow temperature range around 700 °C is suitable for the preparation of the spinel phase. Using this preparation route, no further crystalline phases could be identified by XRD. The electrochemical properties of the films are investigated and compared to electrodes made of commercially available LMO powders. The electrochemical characterization shows a capacity of 95 mAh g−1 for the commercial powder and 110 mAh g−1 for the thin‐film samples.
Power Supplies Facing an Intermediate‐Term Squeeze
Authors: DeCotis Paul A.
Published: July 2016

Numerous studies point to the need for significant investment in our energy infrastructure.
Destruction Layers, Urban Evolution, and Earthquakes in Roman Patras, Greece
Authors: Stamati Alexandra‐Venetia , Stiros Stathis C.
Published: July 2016

The role of seismicity in the urban evolution of Roman Patras, a major town in western Greece, located next to seismically active areas (Aegean Arc, Gulf of Corinth) has so far been ignored. We have analyzed ∼1000 typically short reports of rescue excavations made during a recent building boom period in the center of Patras. A minimum of ∼100 excavations providing evidence of destruction layers and atypical burials, including unburied skeletons indicative of societal disorganization, were summarized in a georeferenced digital archive and further analyzed. Few of these data satisfy strict criteria for the identification of earthquakes from archaeological data, especially concerning dating, but in combination with other excavations with destruction layers, the association of destruction evidence with earthquakes is increased, and three destructive events were recognized, with a recurrence interval <200 years. Two of them correlate with historical evidence, in circa A.D. 61 and in A.D. 551 at the nearby town of Naupactos (Lepanto). Inferred earthquakes seem to have influenced the urban evolution of Patras and perhaps its decline since the fourth century. The urban‐oriented, statistical approach for the identification of earthquakes proposed here is different from previous archaeoseismological approaches and may well be useful for the study of many ancient urban centers.
The novel monoclonal antibody 9F5 reveals expression of a fragment of GPNMB/osteoactivin processed by furin‐like protease(s) in a subpopulation of microglia in neonatal rat brain
Authors: Kawahara Kohichi , Hirata Hiroshi , Ohbuchi Kengo , Nishi Kentaro , Maeda Akira , Kuniyasu Akihiko , Yamada Daisuke , Maeda Takehiko , Tsuji Akihiko , Sawada Makoto , Nakayama Hitoshi
Published: July 2016

To differentiate subtypes of microglia (MG), we developed a novel monoclonal antibody, 9F5, against one subtype (type 1) of rat primary MG. The 9F5 showed high selectivity for this cell type in Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses and no cross‐reaction with rat peritoneal macrophages (Mφ). We identified the antigen molecule for 9F5: the 50‐ to 70‐kDa fragments of rat glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB)/osteoactivin, which started at Lys170. In addition, 9F5 immunoreactivity with GPNMB depended on the activity of furin‐like protease(s). More important, rat type 1 MG expressed the GPNMB fragments, but type 2 MG and Mφ did not, although all these cells expressed mRNA and the full‐length protein for GPNMB. These results suggest that 9F5 reactivity with MG depends greatly on cleavage of GPNMB and that type 1 MG, in contrast to type 2 MG and Mφ, may have furin‐like protease(s) for GPNMB cleavage. In neonatal rat brain, amoeboid 9F5+ MG were observed in specific brain areas including forebrain subventricular zone, corpus callosum, and retina. Double‐immunοstaining with 9F5 antibody and anti‐Iba1 antibody, which reacts with MG throughout the CNS, revealed that 9F5+ MG were a portion of Iba1+ MG, suggesting that MG subtype(s) exist in vivo. We propose that 9F5 is a useful tool to discriminate between rat type 1 MG and other subtypes of MG/Mφ and to reveal the role of the GPNMB fragments during developing brain. GLIA 2016;64:1938–1961
Changes in potential evapotranspiration and surface runoff in 1981–2010 and the driving factors in Upper Heihe River Basin in Northwest China
Authors: Luo Kaisheng , Tao Fulu , Deng Xiangzheng , Moiwo Juana P.
Published: July 2016

Changes in potential evapotranspiration and surface runoff can have profound implications for hydrological processes in arid and semiarid regions. In this study, we investigated the response of hydrological processes to climate change in Upper Heihe River Basin in Northwest China for the period from 1981 to 2010. We used agronomic, climatic and hydrological data to drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model for changes in potential evapotranspiration (ET0) and surface runoff and the driving factors in the study area. The results showed that increasing autumn temperature increased snow melt, resulting in increased surface runoff, especially in September and October. The spatial distribution of annual runoff was different from that of seasonal runoff, with the highest runoff in Yeniugou River, followed by Babaohe River and then the tributaries in the northern of the basin. There was no evaporation paradox at annual and seasonal time scales, and annual ET0 was driven mainly by wind speed. ET0 was driven by relative humidity in spring, sunshine hour duration in autumn and both sunshine hour duration and relative humility in summer. Surface runoff was controlled by temperature in spring and winter and by precipitation in summer (flood season). Although surface runoff increased in autumn with increasing temperature, it depended on rainfall in September and on temperature in October and November. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The potential diagnostic value of serum microRNA signature in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Johansen Julia S. , Calatayud Dan , Albieri Vanna , Schultz Nicolai A. , Dehlendorff Christian , Werner Jens , Jensen Benny V. , Pfeiffer Per , Bojesen Stig E. , Giese Nathalia , Nielsen Kaspar R. , Nielsen Svend E. , Yilmaz Mette , Holländer Niels H. , Andersen Klaus K.
Published: July 2016

Biomarkers for early diagnosis of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) are needed. Our aim was to identify panels of miRNAs in serum in combination with CA 19‐9 for use in the diagnosis of PC. Four hundred seventeen patients with PC were included prospectively from Denmark (n = 306) and Germany (n = 111). Controls included 59 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and 248 healthy subjects (HS). MiRNAs were analyzed in pretreatment serum samples from 3 cohorts: discovery cohort (754 human miRNAs, TaqMan® Human MicroRNA assay, Applied Biosystem; PC n = 133, controls n = 72); training cohort (34 miRNAs, real‐time qPCR using the Fluidigm BioMark™ System; PC n = 198, controls n = 184); validation cohort (13 miRNAs, real‐time qPCR using the Fluidigm BioMark™ System; PC n = 86, controls n = 51). We found that 34 miRNAs in serum from PC patients in the discovery cohort were expressed differently than in controls. These miRNAs were tested in the training cohort, and four diagnostic panels were constructed that included 5 or 12 miRNAs (miR‐16, −18a, −20a, −24, −25, −27a, −29c, −30a.5p, −191, −323.3p, −345 and −483.5p). Diagnostic accuracy of detecting PC in the training cohort was AUC (Index I 0.85; II 0.87; III 0.85; IV 0.95; CA 19‐9 0.93); specificity (I 0.71; II 0.76; III 0.66; IV 0.90 (fixed sensitivity at 0.85); CA 19‐9 0.93). Combining serum CA 19‐9 and Index II best discriminated Stages I and II PC from HS [AUC 0.93 (0.90–0.96), sensitivity 0.77 (0.69–0.84), specificity 0.94 (0.90–0.96) and accuracy 0.88 (0.84–0.91)]. In conclusion, we identified four diagnostic panels based on 5 or 12 miRNAs in serum that could distinguish patients with PC from HS and CP.
The synthesis and analysis of [phenyl‐14C(U)]BMS‐770767 and [13C6]BMS‐770767 for use in discovery biotransformation, human ADME and bioanalytical studies
Authors: Maxwell Brad D. , Bonacorsi Samuel J.
Published: July 2016

Type 2 diabetes is a significant worldwide health problem. To support the development of BMS‐770767 as an inhibitor of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1) for type 2 diabetes was required the synthesis of carbon‐14‐labelled material for use in metabolic profiling and for the human adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) study. Initially, [phenyl‐14C(U)]BMS‐770767 was synthesized in two steps from a late‐stage intermediate and [14C(U)]2‐chlorophenol to give the desired final product in 18% yield. Later, the synthesis was completed for the human ADME clinical study using a combination of the discovery and process chemistry routes under cGMP to prepare [phenyl‐14C(U)]BMS‐770767. The radiochemical purity of the synthesized [phenyl‐14C(U)]BMS‐770767 after dilution with unlabelled clinical grade BMS‐770767 was 99.1% having a specific activity of 1.61 μCi/mg. In addition, to support the quantification of BMS‐770767 in LC/MS analyses, [13C6]BMT‐770767 was prepared in two steps from a late‐stage intermediate and [13C6]2‐chlorophenol.
A comparative study to determine the optimal copula model for the wind speed and precipitation of typhoons
Authors: Um Myoung‐Jin , Joo Kyungwon , Nam Woosung , Heo Jun‐Haeng
Published: July 2016

Typhoon is usually one of main reasons to damage the buildings, infrastructures, water operations, and human life in summer in East Asia, which includes China, Japan, and Korea. Typhoons can be considered multivariate extremes that consists of climate variables that affect wind and precipitation. Copula models can be used to investigate the dependence between random variables. In this study, we used copula models to investigate the optimal marginal distribution for the relations between the wind speed and the precipitation of typhoons at the Jeju weather station in South Korea. We used the 10‐min average wind speed (W10) and the total precipitation (PT) from 65 typhoon events that had affected the Jeju station. Two case studies were considered using the typhoon data. Case one included all typhoon events, and case two included 39 typhoon events with the following thresholds:W10 ≥ 10 m s−1andPT ≥ 50 mm. The marginal distributions for the copula models included the generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized logistic (GLO), generalized Pareto (GPA), and Weibull (WBU) distributions as well as three copula models: Clayton, Frank, and Gumbel copulas. Each step was checked by the robust diagnostic, the probability plot correlation coefficient (PPCC) test, and the goodness‐of‐fit test (Snstatistic). The Frank copula model withGLO(W10) – GPA(PT) had the best performance in both cases. The results of this study present the key steps needed to identify an optimum copula for a bivariate distribution in applications related to atmospheric sciences and provides an example of how this applies to wind velocity and precipitation from typhoons.
Multi‐component determination and chemometric analysis of Paris polyphylla by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection
Authors: Chen Pei , Jin Hong‐yu , Sun Lei , Ma Shuang‐cheng
Published: July 2016

Multi‐source analysis of traditional Chinese medicine is key to ensuring its safety and efficacy. Compared with traditional experimental differentiation, chemometric analysis is a simpler strategy to identify traditional Chinese medicines. Multi‐component analysis plays an increasingly vital role in the quality control of traditional Chinese medicines. A novel strategy, based on chemometric analysis and quantitative analysis of multiple components, was proposed to easily and effectively control the quality of traditional Chinese medicines such as Chonglou. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography was more convenient and efficient. Five species of Chonglou were distinguished by chemometric analysis and nine saponins, including Chonglou saponins I, II, V, VI, VII, D, and H, as well as dioscin and gracillin, were determined in 18 min. The method is feasible and credible, and enables to improve quality control of traditional Chinese medicines and natural products.
Coagulation in a rotating cylinder
Authors: Jackson George A.
Published: July 2016

The need for laboratory systems to study coagulation processes in the ocean has led to the use of rotating cylinders as a means to simulate particle dynamics in marine systems. While their hydrodynamics are well understood, the nature of coagulation in them has not been analyzed. This article derives corrections to the standard coagulation equations that describe particle dynamics in the system and simulates the development of a growing algal culture. The results are compared to simulations of algal coagulation in an oceanic mixed layer. Coagulation rates are initially slower in the rotating system because of the lack of shear, but rates increase as coagulation creates larger particles that become concentrated within smaller regions of the rotating vessel. Once there is active coagulation, the reactors form a disproportionate number of the largest aggregates because large particles must remain within the vessel, whereas they can fall out of the surface mixed layer in the ocean. In addition, coagulation for larger particles within the rotating tanks is faster than in nature. These simulation results suggest that rotating coagulators simulate ocean conditions best in early stages of coagulation, before large particles form and are concentrated within smaller regions of the tanks. Having a quantitative description of the dynamics within the rotating tanks provides a means of testing hypotheses about ocean particle dynamics.
A modified pseudospectral method for solving trajectory optimization problems with singular arc
Authors: Foroozandeh Zahra , Shamsi Mostafa , Azhmyakov Vadim , Shafiee Masoud
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a direct method based on Legendre–Radau pseudospectral method for efficient and accurate solution of a class of singular optimal control problems. In this scheme, based on a priori knowledge of control, the problem is transformed to a multidomain formulation, in which the switching points appear as unknown parameters. Then, by utilizing Legendre‐Radau pseudospectral method, a nonlinear programming problem is derived which can be solved by the well‐developed parameter optimization algorithms. The main advantages of the present method are its superior accuracy and ability to capture the switching times. Accuracy and performance of the proposed method are examined by means of some numerical experiments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bowtie slotted dual‐band SIW antenna
Authors: Nandi Sourav , Mohan Akhilesh
Published: July 2016

A dual‐band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna with bow‐tie shaped slot and two conducting via‐holes within the cavity is presented in this paper. The bow‐tie shaped slot introduces strong capacitive loading effect, which brings down the TE210 mode of the cavity from 11.08 GHz to 10.3 GHz and the first band of the antenna with 4.94% impedance bandwidth is generated. Another two higher order hybrid modes, generated by incorporating two metallic via‐holes, are tuned and merged together by properly optimizing the diameter and position of those two via‐holes to obtain the second band of the antenna with comparatively large −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 7.14%. Peak realized gains obtained at both of the frequency bands are more than 5.23 dBi. The simulated and measured results are compared and they are in good agreement. The physical size of the proposed antenna is 22 mm × 32 mm × 0.787 mm. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2303–2308, 2016
A structure and design optimization of novel compact microscrip dual‐band rat‐race coupler with enhanced bandwidth
Authors: Bekasiewicz Adrian , Koziel Slawomir , Zieniutycz Wlodzimierz
Published: July 2016

In the letter, a topology of a novel compact wideband dual‐band rat‐race coupler has been presented along with its computationally efficient design optimization procedure. Reduction of the circuit size has been achieved by meandering transmission lines of the conventional circuit. At the same time, the number of independent geometry parameters has been increased so as to secure sufficient flexibility of the circuit, necessary in the context of its design optimization for dual‐band operation. All relevant geometry parameters of the coupler have been obtained by means of automated simulation‐driven design optimization process involving surrogate‐based techniques. The operating frequencies of the coupler are 1 GHz and 2 GHz, whereas a −18 dB bandwidth is as wide as 22.5 and 11.3 percent for the lower and upper band, respectively. The miniaturization rate is over 37 percent compared to the conventional structure. The design is validated through full‐wave EM analysis at fine discretization as well as through physical measurements of the fabricated circuit prototype. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2287–2291, 2016
Wideband bandpass filter with high selectivity based on dual‐mode DGS resonator
Authors: Peng Biao , Li Shufang , Zhu Jianfeng , Zhang Qianyun , Deng Li , Zeng Qingsheng , Gao Yue
Published: July 2016

A wideband bandpass filter based on dual‐mode defected ground structure resonator (DGSR) is designed and effectively analysed by utilising the even‐/odd‐mode theory and equivalent circuit models. The lower and upper cutoff frequencies of the filter can be independently tuned by adjusing the even‐ and odd‐mode resonant frequencies of the dual‐mode DGSR, respectively. The fabricated prototype is centred at 2.27 GHz with a wide bandwidth (FBW 63.4%), low insertion loss (0.386 dB), high selectivity and wide stopband. The attenuation slopes in the lower and upper passband transitions are 108.5 and 136.9 dB/GHz, respectively. The stopband rejection is better than 22 dB up to 6 GHz (2.6 f0). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2300–2303, 2016
Dual‐band antenna circularly polarized for handheld RFID reader using metasurfaces
Authors: Montalvão Augusto C. P. S. , Montalvão Emanuele S. R. , Gomes Neto Alfredo , Campos Antonio L. P. S. , Silva Sandro G.
Published: July 2016

In this article, the authors proposed a new structure able to convert signals linearly polarized generated by a microstrip antenna for circularly polarized signals at two operating bands (2.45 and 5.8 GHz), for use in portable radio frequency identification readers, using two miniaturized metasurfaces. All simulation results were obtained using the commercial software HFSS™. Prototypes were built and their characteristics were measured. We obtained a good agreement between simulated and measured results. The proposed structure is able to obtain linear to circular conversion in two bands of interesting, with a large bandwidth for return loss and axial ratio. The structure is simple and presents good advantages as low profile and low cost. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2294–2300, 2016
Complex conjugate matching technique for wireless power transfer with multiple inductive coupled resonators
Authors: Kwon DukSoo , Hwang In‐June , Chae Soochang , Oh Kyoung‐Sub , Yu Jong‐Won , Lim Lee Han
Published: July 2016

In this article, a complex conjugate matching problem for the case that additional resonator is mutually inductive coupled with transmitting and receiving resonators is discussed. To deliver wireless power from source to load with maximum efficiency, it is important that the source and the load impedances are fully matched. However, if an additional resonator is inserted to reconfigure the initial system characteristics, a mutually inductive coupling takes place and influences both the transmitting and the receiving resonators. The inductive coupling makes the impedance matching hard, resulting in a difficulty for getting the maximum transfer efficiency at the target frequency. Thus, a generalized impedance matching according to the complex mutual inductance to get maximum transfer efficiency is proposed. To verify the result, an experiment with multiple coils is conducted and analyzed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2291–2294, 2016
On‐frame gap‐coupled half‐loop antenna with a narrow ground clearance for the LTE smartphone
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Chang Hsuan‐Jui
Published: July 2016

An on‐frame gap‐coupled half‐loop antenna with a 3‐mm narrow ground clearance disposed at the short edge (bottom or top edge) of the modern LTE smartphone is presented. The antenna has two gap‐coupled half‐loops (first and second half‐loops) formed between an on‐frame metal strip and the device ground plane in the smartphone. The on‐frame metal strip comprises a first strip and a second strip and is disposed on the inner surface of the short‐edge frame of the smartphone casing. No extension of the on‐frame metal strip to two long side edges of the smartphone casing is needed. Two ends of the on‐frame metal strip are connected to the device ground plane through two inductors. Both the first and second strips are also gap‐coupled to a step‐shape feed strip disposed on the narrow ground clearance between the on‐frame metal strip and the device ground plane, thereby forming the first and second half‐loops. The two half‐loops are excited to contribute their fundamental and higher‐order resonant modes to form two operating bands to respectively cover the 824–960 and 1710–2690 MHz for the LTE operation. The antenna structure and operating principle are addressed in this study. Experimental results of the fabricated antenna are presented to verify the simulation study. Effects of the user's hand on the performance of the antenna are also analyzed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2344–2351, 2016
Wideband columnar slot antenna
Authors: Pazin Lev , Leviatan Yehuda
Published: July 2016

A wideband columnar antenna featuring a radiating slot cut around the outside circumference of a rectangular waveguide is presented. The antenna operates effectively in the frequency band of 1.51–4.75 GHz. The antenna also exhibits a reasonably good omnidirectional pattern in the horizontal plane, with predominantly vertical polarization. The antenna is suitable for use with access points in wireless networks. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2384–2387, 2016
Dual‐band circular‐polarization filter for obliquely incident light
Authors: Erten Sema , Lakhtakia Akhlesh
Published: July 2016

Chiral sculptured thin films of zinc selenide with different helical periods were deposited on both sides of a glass slide using the serial bideposition technique in order to fabricate a dual‐band circular‐polarization filter polarizer that exhibits two distinct circular Bragg regimes for a wide range (about 45°) of the angle of incidence. This device can be angle tuned within a ±8% spectral range. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2381–2384, 2016
A miniaturized UWB via‐less CRLH‐TL loaded CPW FED patch antenna
Authors: Rajasekhar N. V. , Sriram Kumar D.
Published: July 2016

A novel miniaturized ultra‐wide band (UWB) via–less composite right hand left hand transmission line (VL‐CRLH TL) loaded‐coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed monopole antenna has been designed. The CRLH unit cell has been realized with series capacitance and parallel inductance and implemented with gap capacitance and meander line inductance respectively. The meander line inductance is grounded using CPW ground through rectangular stub which eliminates conventional CRLH TL metallic via into ground plane. The proposed antenna is constructed of two unit cells fed by a CPW feed. The offset of feed location attached to patch is more important for impedance matching between them and proposed optimum feed location offset lof = 0.6 mm, which eliminates additional quarter wave transformer to impedance match. The total compact antenna dimension is 25 × 15 × 1.6 mm3 or 0.12λ0 × 0.07λ0 × 0.008λ0, where λ0 is free‐space wavelength at 1.55 GHz. It covers the impedance bandwidth (S11< −10dB) of 1.55 GHz – 14.25 GHz, which corresponds to 160% of fractional bandwidth. The minimum and maximum gain of antenna are 1 dBi at 1.55 GHz and 3.5 dBi at 8.4 GHz respectively, which is suitable for UWB applications. The parametric study of antenna has been done using CST microwave studio and a prototype of the antenna with FR4 substrate is fabricated and tested. Good agreement between simulated and measured results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2485–2492, 2016
Consistency and factorial invariance of the Davidson trauma scale in heterogeneous populations: results from the 2010 Chilean earthquake
Authors: Kevan Bryan
Published: July 2016

This investigation seeks to validate an application of a standardized post‐traumatic stress symptom self‐report survey, the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), with a large, heterogeneous population of earthquake victims. While previous studies have focused primarily on small samples, this investigation uses a unique dataset to assess the validity of this application of the DTS while accounting for heterogeneity and sample size. We use concurrent validity and reliability analysis tests to confirm the validity of the scale. Further, confirmatory factor analysis is used to test the fit of the data's factor structure against previously established trauma models. Finally, these fit tests are repeated across different mutually exclusive vulnerability subsets of the data in order to investigate how the invariance of the scale is affected by sample heterogeneity. We find that this particular application of the scale is, on the whole, reliable and valid, showing good concurrent validity. However, evidence of variability is found across specific vulnerability subsets, indicating that a heterogeneous sample can have a measurable impact on model fit. © 2016 The Authors International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Mid‐term outcomes of a male retro‐urethral, transobturator synthetic sling for treatment of post‐prostatectomy incontinence: Impact of radiotherapy and storage dysfunction
Authors: Habashy David , Losco Giovanni , Tse Vincent , Collins Ruth , Chan Lewis
Published: July 2016

Purpose

To determine mid‐term durability of the AdVance sling for post‐prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) and impact of prior radiotherapy and storage dysfunction.

Method

Eighty men undergoing AdVance sling for PPI during 2008–2013 were reviewed. Pre‐op urodynamics, pre and post‐op pad usage, prior radiotherapy, and PGI‐I scores were recorded.

Result

Mean follow‐up was 36 months (range 14–72). Twelve men had radiotherapy pre‐op, 10 had detrusor overactivity (DO), and 20 reduced compliance. Pre‐op mean 24‐hr pad weight was 264 g and mean pads‐per‐day (PPD) 2.60 ± 0.29. In the early post‐op period (3–6 months), mean PPD was 0.40 (SD 0.16); at mid‐term follow‐up mean PPD was 1.02 ± 0.31. Radiotherapy and DO were independently predictive of poor mid‐term outcome. Men with DO or radiotherapy were using 1.03 ± 0.42 (P = 0.019) and 1.17 ± 0.41 (P = 0.02) more PPD, respectively than men without these factors. At mid‐term follow‐up, men without radiotherapy or DO were using 1.98 ± 0.28 less PPD compared to pre‐operatively (P < 0.0001); with radiotherapy or DO men were using 0.73 ± 0.38 (P = 0.057) and 0.72 ± 0.43 (P = 0.092) less PPD, respectively. PGI‐I score for men without radiotherapy or DO was 1.98 ± 0.40 (“much better”); with radiotherapy or DO PGI‐I score was 3.80 ± 0.49 (“no difference”).

Conclusion

The AdVance sling provides mid‐term improvement in men with PPI. However, men with radiotherapy or DO have significantly poorer outcomes with mid‐term results indicating a return to baseline degree of incontinence. Caution should be taken when considering the AdVance sling in these men. Pre‐op urodynamics in men with radiotherapy and/or overactive bladder may be important when considering men for AdVance sling. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1147–1150, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Women in Transition: Experiences of Health and Health Care for Recently Incarcerated Women Living in Community Corrections Facilities
Authors: Colbert Alison M. , Goshin Lorie S. , Durand Vanessa , Zoucha Rick , Sekula L. Kathleen
Published: July 2016

Health priorities of women after incarceration remain poorly understood, constraining development of interventions targeted at their health during that time. We explored the experience of health and health care after incarceration in a focused ethnography of 28 women who had been released from prison or jail within the past year and were living in community corrections facilities. The women's outlook on health was rooted in a newfound core optimism, but this was constrained by their pressing health‐related issues; stress and uncertainty; and the pressures of the criminal justice system. These external forces threatened to cause collapse of women's core optimism. Findings support interventions that capitalize on women's optimism and address barriers specific to criminal justice contexts. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What, Why, How – Creative Activities in Occupational Therapy Practice in Sweden
Authors: Müllersdorf Maria , Ivarsson Ann‐Britt
Published: July 2016

Creative activities have historically been used in occupational therapy, and although their usage has declined in recent decades, they are still used in Swedish practice. The aim of this study was to better understand how occupational therapists use creative activities in practice. A web‐based survey was sent to 520 occupational therapists, of which 304 (58.5%) responded. The main reason identified for using creative activities was to strengthen the client's occupational performance, well‐being and self‐esteem. The expected outcomes of applying creative activities were to support the client in self‐expression and experiencing joy and desire. More than half of the occupational therapist respondents did not use creative activities to the extent they desired. Creative activities in occupational therapy are still used as a vital treatment to strengthen the clients' occupational performance abilities. The survey has looked at only a professional perspective on effectiveness of applying creative activities in occupational therapy. More research is needed to evaluate how occupational therapists internationally apply creative activities. There is also a need to gain information from the client's perspective on the therapeutic value of creative activities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking EWMA p Charts and the Risk Adjustment Control Charts
Authors: Sparks Ross
Published: July 2016

This paper develops an adaptive exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart that can be used as either a p chart for monitoring significant departures from in‐control non‐homogenous probabilities of failure or success or a risk‐adjusted control chart for success or failure of an event. An example of a risk adjustment process is monitoring the performance of a particular surgery over time where we need to adjust for the temporal changes in patient case mix. If the magnitude of this shift is known in advance, as would be the case in some hypothesis testing applications, then the paper offers a way of selecting the appropriate exponential weights to be efficient at detecting such a variable shift. The adaptive EWMA p chart is tested using extensive simulations. Processes for its efficient design are offered. The example application offers practitioners a means of evaluating a trial in real time rather than the traditional approach of evaluating the trial at the end of the study period. This is helpful in deciding how long the trial should run as well as potentially adapting the design over time as more is understood about the trial uncertainties. This may be particularly useful in evaluating expensive trials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linewidth analysis of image potential states on noble metal surfaces with high‐energy resolved two‐photon photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Nakazawa Takeo , Arafune Ryuichi , Takagi Noriaki , Kawai Maki
Published: July 2016

Electron dynamics in the excited states are governed by inelastic and quasielastic scattering processes. It is required to determine both scattering rates for complete understanding of the electron dynamics. Although time‐resolved two‐photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy is a unique and powerful tool to measure the scattering rates directly, it is not easy to evaluate the quasielastic scattering rate. Precise measurement of spectral linewidth with high‐energy resolution is an alternative way to determine the elastic scattering rate. The high energy‐resolution 2PPE measurement has not been well developed because of the tradeoff between the time and the energy resolutions. In this study, we have succeeded in improving the energy resolution of 2PPE by using picosecond laser pulses. We have measured the 2PPE spectra of image potential states (IPSs) on Cu(001) and n = 1 IPS on Au(001) and discussed the dynamics of the electrons excited into the IPS on both surfaces from the linewidth analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoelectric properties of bilayer phosphorene under tensile strain
Authors: Konabe Satoru , Kawabata Shiro , Yamamoto Takahiro
Published: July 2016

The thermoelectric power factor of bilayer phosphorene is investigated by performing first‐principle calculations based on density functional theory combined with semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. Our simulations show that the thermoelectric performance of phosphorene strongly depends on the interlayer coupling, the direction of the temperature gradient, and the direction of strain. We find that the interlayer coupling oppositely affects the power factor induced by the temperature gradient along either the zigzag direction or the armchair direction; the power factor under the effect of the temperature gradient is larger for monolayer (bilayer) phosphorene along the armchair (zigzag) direction. We also show that the power factor for bilayer phosphorene monotonically increases as a function of tensile strain up to 6%, despite the direction of strain. Above a strain of 6%, the power factor continues to increase with increasing strain along the armchair direction, while it decreases with increasing strain in the zigzag direction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.