bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation, characterisation and in vitro digestibility of potato starch‐fatty acid complexes
Authors: Li Suhong , Wang Siyu , Wang Yanhua , Tian Yuxuan , Yu Siqi , Hu Xiaopei , Li Tuoping
Published: June 2022

The starch‐fatty acid (FA) complex belongs to a new type of resistant starch (RS5) and has become a prevalent research topic because of its slow‐digestion and enzymatic resistance properties. In this study, the starch‐FA complexes were prepared from potato starch (PS) and FAs with various carbon chain lengths and unsaturation by hydrothermal treatment (HT), alcohothermal treatment (AT) or ultrasound treatment (UT), and their physicochemical properties and digestibility were interpreted. The PS‐8% lauric acid (Lau) with the highest complex index value (approximately 95%) and RS content (approximately 31%) was obtained by HT; meanwhile, it had a slow glucose diffusion rate and a low free fatty acid release rate in simulated gastrointestinal digestion compared to native PS. Besides, the V‐type crystalline structure was formed obviously after HT, but it was too weak for AT and UT samples to be detected. The gelatinisation viscosity was reduced due to the physical combination of PS and Lau. Therefore, HT was a relatively efficient and safe approach to prepare starch‐FA complex with high RS content, and the obtained starch‐FA complex has the potential to become an alternative functional food ingredient.
Do international treaties have an impact only on ratifying States? The influence of the ILO Maternity Protection Conventions in 160 countries between 1883 and 2018
Authors: SON Keonhi
Published: June 2022

Contrary to the expectation that only ratifying States comply with ILO Conventions, this article argues that even non‐ratifying States improve their domestic standards consistent with ILO Conventions to enhance their legitimacy. Using a new historical database, I track changes in maternity leave provisions in 160 countries between 1883 and 2018 in the light of the International Labour Conference's adoption of the Maternity Protection Conventions. The empirical findings confirm that both non‐ratifying and ratifying States expanded the terms and conditions of their paid maternity leave policies shortly thereafter.
Tecnologías de rastreo de contactos en el lugar de trabajo y marco de protección de datos de la Unión Europea: dónde está el límite
Authors: SUDER Seili , SIIBAK Andra
Published: June 2022

Se exploran los posibles usos y riesgos en el lugar de trabajo de las aplicaciones de rastreo de contactos y otras tecnologías de vigilancia implantadas para contener la COVID‐19, tomando como referencia el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos de la Unión Europea. Dado el desequilibrio de poder inherente a la relación de trabajo, las legislaciones nacionales deberían reforzar la potestad de las y los empleados de rechazar dichas aplicaciones cuando finalice la pandemia. Serán necesarias normativas y orientaciones adicionales para evitar futuros problemas, como las desviaciones de uso de dichas tecnologías por parte de entidades empleadoras.
From Pareto to Weibull – A Constructive Review of Distributions on ℝ+
Authors: Sinner Corinne , Dominicy Yves , Trufin Julien , Waterschoot Wout , Weber Patrick , Ley Christophe
Published: June 2022

Power laws and power laws with exponential cut‐off are two distinct families of distributions on the positive real half‐line. In the present paper, we propose a unified treatment of both families by building a family of distributions that interpolates between them, which we call Interpolating Family (IF) of distributions. Our original construction, which relies on techniques from statistical physics, provides a connection for hitherto unrelated distributions like the Pareto and Weibull distributions, and sheds new light on them. The IF also contains several distributions that are neither of power law nor of power law with exponential cut‐off type. We calculate quantile‐based properties, moments and modes for the IF. This allows us to review known properties of famous distributions on
and to provide in a single sweep these characteristics for various less known (and new) special cases of our Interpolating Family.
Meiofauna is an important, yet often overlooked, component of biodiversity in the ecosystem formed by Posidonia oceanica
Authors: García‐Gómez Guillermo , García‐Herrero Álvaro , Sánchez Nuria , Pardos Fernando , Izquierdo‐Muñoz Andrés , Fontaneto Diego , Martínez Alejandro
Published: June 2022

The ecosystem formed by the marine flowering plant Posidonia oceanica is a biodiversity reservoir and provides many ecosystem services in coastal Mediterranean regions. Marine meiofauna is also a major component of that biodiversity, and its study can be useful in addressing both theoretical and applied questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation. We review the meiofaunal diversity in the meadow ecosystem of P. oceanica by combining a literature review and a case study. First, we gathered records of 672 species from 71 published studies, as well as unpublished sources, highlighting 4 species exclusive to this ecosystem. Eighteen of those studies quantified the spatial and temporal changes in species composition, highlighting habitat‐specific assemblages that fluctuate following the annual changes experienced by these meadows. Hydrodynamics, habitat complexity, and food availability, all three inherently linked to the seagrass phenology, are recognized in the literature as the main factors shaping the complex distribution patterns of meiofauna in the meadows. These drivers have been identified mainly in studies of Copepoda and Nematoda, and their effect may depend ultimately on species‐specific preferences. Second, we tested the generality of these observations using marine mites as a model group, showing that similar ecological preferences might be found in other less abundant meiofaunal groups. Overall, our study highlights the high diversity of meiofauna in meadows of P. oceanica compared with algae and sessile macrofauna associated with this seagrass and shows the complexity of the interactions and habitat use by meiofauna associated with the seagrass.
A nursing socio‐environmental approach for acute pesticide poisoning: A qualitative focus group study
Authors: Rueda‐Ruzafa Lola , Ropero‐Padilla Carmen , Ruiz‐González Cristofer , Rodriguez‐Arrastia Miguel , Roman Pablo , Sánchez‐Labraca Nuria
Published: June 2022

Aim

To explore the experiences and perceptions of final‐year nursing students in assessing and managing acute pesticide poisoning using a socio‐environmental care approach in a primary health care simulation‐based scenario.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using focus groups.

Methods

Twelve focus groups were held, with 114 fourth‐year nursing students. The study was carried out from September to November 2021. To grant an in‐depth analysis of the collected data, a thematic analysis was used.

Results

After our data analysis, three main themes emerged: (i) experiences of an acute pesticide poisoning case in a simulation‐based scenario; (ii) environmental health nursing competencies for a culturally competent practice and (iii) social factors in prevention strategies.

Conclusions

Using a socio‐environmental care approach with a primary care simulation‐based poisoning case can provide a realistic public health clinical experience for local problems and prepare the context for the development of global citizenship values, as well as offer numerous opportunities to facilitate transformative learning, including Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into local nursing clinical practice.

Impact

Nurse managers, policymakers and educators must collaborate together to broaden their reach in teaching the role of the environment and social determinants of health through evidence‐based care models, as well as actively contributing to the achievement of the SDGs to promote “glocal” competencies among nursing professionals.
Transseptal puncture for left atrial ablation: Risk factors for cardiac tamponade and a proposed causative classification system
Authors: Maclean Edd , Mahtani Karishma , Roelas Marina , Vyas Rohan , Butcher Charles , Ahluwalia Nikhil , Honarbakhsh Shohreh , Creta Antonio , Finlay Malcolm , Chow Anthony , Earley Mark , Sporton Simon , Lowe Martin , Sawhney Vinit , Ezzat Vivienne , Ahsan Syed , Khan Fakhar , Dhinoja Mehul , Lambiase Pier , Schilling Richard , Hunter Ross , Segal Oliver
Published: June 2022

Aims

Cardiac tamponade is a high morbidity complication of transseptal puncture (TSP). We examined the associations of TSP‐related cardiac tamponade (TRCT) for all patients undergoing left atrial ablation at our center from 2016 to 2020.

Methods and Results

Patient and procedural variables were extracted retrospectively. Cases of cardiac tamponade were scrutinized to adjudicate TSP culpability. Adjusted multivariate analysis examined predictors of TRCT. A total of 3239 consecutive TSPs were performed; cardiac tamponade occurred in 51 patients (incidence: 1.6%) and was adjudicated as TSP‐related in 35 (incidence: 1.1%; 68.6% of all tamponades). Patients of above‐median age [odds ratio (OR): 2.4 (1.19–4.2), p = .006] and those undergoing re‐do procedures [OR: 1.95 (1.29–3.43, p = .042] were at higher risk of TRCT. Of the operator‐dependent variables, choice of transseptal needle (Endrys vs. Brockenbrough, p > .1) or puncture sheath (Swartz vs. Mullins vs. Agilis vs. Vizigo vs. Cryosheath, all p > .1) did not predict TRCT. Adjusting for operator, equipment and demographics, failure to cross the septum first pass increased TRCT risk [OR: 4.42 (2.45–8.2), p = .001], whilst top quartile operator experience [OR: 0.4 (0.17–0.85), p = .002], transoesophageal echocardiogram [TOE prevalence: 26%, OR: 0.51 (0.11–0.94), p = .023], and use of the SafeSept transseptal guidewire [OR: 0.22 (0.08–0.62), p = .001] reduced TRCT risk. An increase in transseptal guidewire use over time (2016: 15.6%, 2020: 60.2%) correlated with an annual reduction in TRCT (R2 = 0.72, p < .001) and was associated with a relative risk reduction of 70%.

Conclusions

During left atrial ablation, the risk of TRCT was reduced by operator experience, TOE‐guidance, and use of a transseptal guidewire, and was increased by patient age, re‐do procedures, and failure to cross the septum first pass.
The European Semester: An Ordoliberal Construct?
Authors: Argyroulis Dimitrios
Published: June 2022

The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic appears to have inflicted a decisive blow to ordoliberalism's influence on the economic governance of the Eurozone. This contribution shows that the decline of the ordoliberal ideas precedes the pandemic and can be traced in the management of the financial crisis of 2007–2009. Drawing on the theoretical approach of sociological institutionalism and using insights from 18 interviews with participants in the Economic and Financial Committee and the ECOFIN, this article analyses the evolution of policy‐makers' economic policy beliefs and their impact on the fiscal reform of 2010–2013. It is argued that the establishment of the European Semester was the institutional reflection of an intellectual shift from rules‐based to institutions‐based discipline. I find that the latter conflicts with core ordoliberal principles of the Freiburg economic school, opening the way for alternative institutional arrangements, such as the Recovery and Resilience Facility.
Soft sensor with deep feature extraction for a sugarcane milling system
Authors: Meng Yanmei , Chen Jie , Li Zhengyuan , Zhang Yue , Liang Lisheng , Zhu Jihong
Published: June 2022

Extraction rate and energy consumption are two important indicators of the sugarcane milling system, which are calculated by offline experiments and inspection methods. Soft sensors are inferential models, which are enabling online prediction of these indicators. Selection of input variables is one of the most critical issues in soft sensors design. So a deep feature extraction method is proposed by combining mutual information theory and hybrid chicken swamp algorithm to determine the input and parameters of model. Then, input the obtained variables into the data‐driven model of deep kernal extreme learning machine (DK‐ELM) with optimized parameters to realize the prediction of extraction and hourly energy consumption. It combines the kernel method with the multi‐layer ELM. Experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the modeling method. Comparing the proposed framework with the four experiments designed on a sugarcane milling system, the proposed framework for predicting extraction and energy consumption with better feasibility and effectiveness, and provided a good reference for end‐point control and judgment of quick direct tapping.

Practical Applications

Extraction and energy consumption are two important indicators of the milling process and whether they meet standards will affect the smooth operation and economic benefits of sugar production. This study presents a novel modeling method to predict these indicators based on the deep feature extraction and deep kernal extreme learning machine. These methods provided a good reference for end‐point control and judgment of quick direct tapping. In addition, it a new concept for the design of soft sensors for such complex industrial processes.
End‐of‐life healthcare utilization and palliative care use among older adults with limited English proficiency
Authors: Abedini Nauzley C. , Downey Lois , Engelberg Ruth A. , Curtis J. Randall , Sharma Rashmi K.
Published: June 2022

Background

Little is known about end‐of‐life healthcare utilization and palliative care use among older adults with serious illness and limited English proficiency (LEP).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of seriously‐ill older adults (65+) with and without LEP, from a large health system, who died between 2010 and 2018. Primary outcomes were measures of healthcare utilization in the last 30 and 180 days of life: hospitalization, emergency department (ED) visits, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 30‐day readmission. Secondary outcomes were palliative care consultation and advance care planning documents. We used multivariate analyses adjusted for sociodemographic factors including race and ethnicity.

Results

Among 18,490 decedents, 1363 had LEP. Patients with LEP were older at time of death (median age 80 vs 77 years), more likely to be female (48% vs 44%), of Asian descent (64% vs 4%), of Hispanic ethnicity (10% vs 2%), with <12th grade education (38% vs 9%), and Medicaid (36% vs 6%). In the last 30 days of life, patients with LEP had higher odds of ED visits (33% vs 20%; aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.26–1.72; p < 0.001), readmission (12% vs 8%; aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.30–2.07; p < 0.001), and in‐hospital death (45% vs 37%; aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07–1.44; p = 0.005) compared to patients without LEP. Findings were similar in the last 180‐days of life. Only 14% of patients with LEP and 10% of those without LEP received palliative care consultation in the last month of life. Patients with LEP were less likely to have advance care planning documents than patients without LEP (36% vs 40%; aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.80; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Older adults with serious illness and LEP have higher rates of end‐of‐life healthcare utilization. Additional research is needed to identify drivers of these differences and inform linguistically‐ and culturally‐appropriate interventions to improve end‐of‐life care in this population.
Factors affecting how parents cope with their preterm infant's pain: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Brike Siran , Melnikov Semyon
Published: June 2022

Aims and objectives

This study examined the relationships between parents' catastrophising about their infants' pain, parental self‐efficacy in the management of their infants' pain, perceived social support and the parental coping strategies for their infants’ pain‐related stress.

Background

Preterm infants hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit experience painful procedures causing stress to their parents. Coping with stress may be emotion‐ or problem‐focused. Adults' coping with their own pain has been associated with pain catastrophising, pain management self‐efficacy and social support. However, little is known about the associations between parents' catastrophising, their self‐efficacy to manage, their perceived social support and their coping strategies when dealing with their infants' pain.

Design

This was a cross‐sectional, correlational study design.

Methods

The STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional studies were followed. Participants included 149 parents of preterm infants hospitalised in a neonatal intensive care unit. They completed measures to assess infant pain catastrophising, self‐efficacy regarding infant pain management, social support and emotion‐ and problem‐focused coping.

Results

Positive associations were found between parental self‐efficacy regarding infant pain management, social support, parental catastrophising about their infants' pain and problem‐focused coping. Parental catastrophising was positively associated with emotion‐focused coping. Gender moderated the relationships between parental self‐efficacy regarding infant pain management and emotion‐focused coping. Specifically, amongst mothers, the higher their level of self‐efficacy, the lower their emotion‐focused coping. Amongst fathers, the relations were reversed.

Conclusions

Parents coping with their preterm infants' pain were associated with catastrophising about their infants' pain, self‐efficacy regarding infant pain management and social support. Mothers had different ways to cope emotionally to that of fathers in relation to their self‐efficacy in managing their infants' pain.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nursing interventions that provide support to parents and promote parental self‐efficacy in managing their infants' pain may allow parents to more effectively cope with their infants' pain.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients or public were not involved in setting the research question, the outcome measures and the design or implementation of the study. Parents of preterm infants answered the research questionnaires.
Determination of metabolisable and net energy contents of corn fed to Arbor Acres broilers and Beijing You chickens
Authors: Liu Xingbo , Li Lijia , Ban Zhibin , Guo Yuming , Yan Xiaogang , Yang Huaming , Nie Wei
Published: June 2022

This study was done to compare the energy and nutrient utilisation of corn in Arbor Acres (AA) broilers and Beijing You (BJY) chickens. BJY chickens with the same age as AA broilers were named BJY1 chickens, and with the same body weight as AA broilers were named BJY2 chickens. Three groups of broilers (36 male AA broilers, 72 male BJY1 chickens, and 36 male BJY2 chickens), 2 treatments per group, 6 replicates per treatment, 3 chickens or 6 chickens per replicate. During each period, birds were fed in chambers for 11 days, including 5 days for adaptation to the feed, 3 days for excreta and gas data collection and another 3 days for fasting were recorded. Results showed that the fasting heat production (FHP) of AA, BJY1 and BJY2 chickens gradually stabilised after fasting for 72 h, the FHP of AA, BJY1 and BJY2 chickens were 486.54, 536.22 and 548.90 KJ/kg BW0.70/day respectively. AA broilers had significantly lower (p < 0.01) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of starch in corn than that of BJY1 and BJY2 chickens, whereas there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) observed in ATTD of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and crude fibre. The apparent metabolisable energy (AME) values of corn in AA, BJY1 and BJY2 chickens were 16.18, 16.81, and 16.39 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) and the corresponding nitrogen‐corrected AME (AMEn) values were 15.71, 16.38 and 15.99 MJ/kg DM respectively. The net energy (NE) values of corn in AA, BJY1 and BJY2 chickens were 12.03, 12.28 and 11.97 MJ/kg DM respectively. In conclusion, BJY chickens had a higher maintenance energy requirement than that of AA broilers, and AA broilers of the same age and weight as BJY chickens showed no significant differences in AME, AMEn and NE values of corn.
Teaching: The expression of freedom?
Authors: Zaidi Zareen
Published: June 2022

Zaidi uses neoliberalism to analyze Du et al.'s, discussion of faculty agency, posing the question of whether we actually have agency in medical education
The state of science. When I say … quality
Authors: Kronfli Miranda , Griffin Ann Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

In the latest instalment of "When I Say..." Griffin and Konfli suggest we re‐examine words commonly associated with quality in medical education because exploring their inherent ambiguity can aid our re‐thinking and create new practices.
Fear of COVID‐19, stress and depression: A meta‐analytic test of the mediating role of anxiety
Authors: Çıkrıkçı Özkan , Çıkrıkçı Neslihan , Griffiths Mark
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The COVID‐19 pandemic has negatively affected the lives of millions of individuals physiologically, behaviorally, socially, and/or psychologically. Moreover, there is now much empirical evidence that mental health problems have increased during the pandemic period and these problems have various consequences. The changes in the mood states of individuals due to the pandemic underpins the rationale of the present study. The aim of the study was to identify the cross‐sectional associations between fear of COVID‐19, stress, anxiety, and depression by using two stage‐meta‐analytic structural equation modeling (TS‐MASEM).

Design

This is a meta‐analytic structural equation modelling study.

Method

A systematic literature review initially identified 4840 studies. As a result of applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 studies comprising 28 samples (reporting 120 effect sizes) were eligible for inclusion in the current TS‐MASEM (N = 16,452).

Results

The results showed significant associations between fear of COVID‐19, stress, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, the mediation role of anxiety in the association between depression and fear of COVID‐19 and stress was explored.

Conclusions

Although the results did not allow for causal inferences regarding depression, they provide insight into the possible consequences of fear of COVID‐19 and comorbid problems for clinicians and researchers.
Cosmetic Formulations with Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil for the Improvement of Photoaged Skin: A Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Hugo Infante Victor , Maria Maia Campos Patricia , Darvin Maxim , Lohan Silke , Schleusener Johannes , Schanzer Sabine , Lademann Juergen , Meinke Martina
Published: June 2022

This aim of this study was to evaluate the penetration depth, antioxidant capacity and the clinical efficacy of Melaleuca alternifolia pure essential oil and in a nanoemulsion to prevent skin photoaging. For this, 2% of pure essential oil or 2% of this essential oil in a nanoemulsion were vehiculated in a formulation. The skin penetration was evaluated using confocal Raman microspectroscopy. The radical protection factor was evaluated using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. For a clinical study, 40 male participants, aged 18–28 years, were enrolled, being divided into three groups: vehicle formulation, M. alternifolia pure essential oil and M. alternifolia Nanoemulsion. All the participants also received a sunscreen SPF 50 to use during the day. Before and after 90 days of study, skin hydrolipidics and morphological characteristics were performed by skin imaging and biophysical techniques. The nanoemulsion presented a lower antioxidant capacity and a higher penetration through the stratum corneum, reaching the viable epidermis, improving the stratum granulosum morphology. The groups presented an increase in the papillary depth, improving in the dermis echogenicity and the collagen fibers. Melaleuca alternifolia essential provides the potential to improve photoaged skin, being the application of nanoemulsion able to reach deeper skin layers.
Contemporary Concise Review 2021: COVID‐19 and other respiratory infections
Authors: Chan Ken K. P. , Hui David S. C.
Published: June 2022

Summary of key points

Bats are likely the primary source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2).

Minks are highly susceptible to infection by SARS‐CoV‐2.

Transmission from asymptomatic individuals was estimated to account for over 50% of all transmissions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases.

SARS‐CoV‐2 is evolving towards more efficient aerosol transmission.

Remdesivir, baricitinib, tocilizumab and dexamethasone are frequently used for the treatment of patients with respiratory failure due to COVID‐19.

There is a rising incidence of non‐tuberculous Mycobacterium pulmonary disease globally, with a higher prevalence in Asian countries than in the Western world.

Protracted bacterial bronchitis is a common cause of chronic productive cough in childhood.

Re‐emergence of respiratory syncytial virus may occur after the relaxation of infection control measures and the reopening of borders during COVID‐19 pandemic.
Literalising Metaphor in the Poetry of Robert Southwell☆
Authors: McKee Conor
Published: June 2022

This article focuses on a distinctive feature of Robert Southwell's poetic technique, namely, his approach to metaphor. I argue that a number of Southwell's metaphors have a surprisingly literal quality where their vehicles are given greater prominence than their tenors. For instance, in my reading of ‘The Burning Babe’ and ‘Christ's Bloody Sweat’, I draw attention to how the metaphor of ‘the fires of love’ comes to describe the literal burning of recusant Catholics in Elizabethan England. Here, the intense feeling figured by the tenor is actually secondary to the burning evoked by the vehicle – an inversion of the usual operation of metaphor. I connect this approach to Southwell's political context as a dissident poet, showing that our tendency to look past the vehicles of metaphors to their referents allowed him to hide political statements in plain sight. I also highlight how ‘literalising’ metaphors served Southwell's aesthetic project to reform the neo‐Petrarchan love lyric in service of religious ends. Selecting certain hyperbolic metaphors from amorous verse, Southwell charged these platitudes with new force by making them literal and so uncovering darker meanings within them.
Effects of the clinical severity of disease and concomitant pyoderma on serum acute‐phase proteins concentrations in dogs with sarcoptic mange
Authors: Dinler Ay Ceren , Tuna Gulten Emek , Ekren Asici Gamze Sevri , Ulutas Bulent
Published: June 2022

Background

Information on acute‐phase protein (APP) concentrations in dogs with sarcoptic mange (SM) is scarce.

Objective

To determine the effects of the clinical severity of disease and concomitant pyoderma on serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid‐A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations in dogs with SM.

Animals

Forty client‐owned dogs with SM (INF group) and 10 healthy control dogs (CON group).

Materials and methods

The INF group was divided into three subgroups; Group 1 (mild/moderate), Group 2 (severe) and Group 3 (severe+pyoderma) according to the extent of skin lesions and the presence of concomitant pyoderma. Serum CRP, SAA, Hp and Cp concentrations of all study groups were measured.

Results

Serum CRP (P < 0.001), SAA (P < 0.001) and Hp (P = 0.016) concentrations of the INF group were higher than the CON group, with no difference in terms of Cp. A statistical difference was measured between groups 2 and 1 in SAA only. C‐reactive protein was found to be significantly higher in dogs with severe SM accompanied by pyoderma (Group 3) when compared with dogs with severe SM (Group 2). The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curves differentiating pyoderma among dogs with severe SM was 0.850 for CRP (P = 0.0001, cut‐off value >61.3 mg/L with sensitivity 69.29% and specificity 90.91%).

Conclusions

The unique findings in this were that the SAA serum concentrations are related to the severity of SM and that serum CRP concentrations are effective in detecting the presence of pyoderma in dogs with severe SM.
Sterile pyogranuloma syndrome in a dog successfully treated with immunosuppressive therapy and reconstructive seed grafting
Authors: Chan Hilary H. , Burrows Amanda K. , Hosgood Giselle , Ghubash Rudayna , O'Hara Amanda
Published: June 2022

This report describes a case of sterile pyogranuloma syndrome managed with immunomodulatory therapy and seed skin grafting. Seed skin grafting can be considered as part of a multimodal treatment approach for cutaneous defects caused by ulcerative immune‐mediated diseases where secondary intention healing is delayed or contraindicated, and other forms of wound reconstruction may be prohibitive.
Acusações de Bruxaria Como Perseguição Baseada no Gênero no Direito dos Refugiados
Authors: Dehm Sara , Millbank Jenni
Published: June 2022

A violência relacionada à bruxaria (VRB), particularmente direcionada a mulheres e crianças, tem se tornado uma fonte de crescente preocupação para organizações de direitos humanos neste século. Contudo, para aqueles que fogem de VRB, tal preocupação não tem se refletido no reconhecimento da condição de refugiado. Esta pesquisa examina como alegações de VRB foram abordadas em todas as decisões de refúgio disponíveis em inglês, oriundas de cinco jurisdições. Argumentamos que VRB é uma manifestação de violência relacionada ao gênero, que expõe graves falhas na aplicação da jurisprudência sobre refúgio. A desatenção aos elementos religiosos e organizacionais de práticas de bruxaria, combinada com uma análise insensível ao gênero, demonstra que as solicitações foram frequentemente reconfiguradas por decisores como rancores pessoais ou disputas familiares ou comunitárias, de forma que elas não foram consideradas ofensas reconhecidas pela Convenção de 1951, ou foram simplesmente desmerecidas e tidas como inverossímeis. A taxa de sucesso das solicitações foi baixa, comparada às médias disponíveis, e, quando bem-sucedidas, as solicitações foram universalmente aceitas sob algum outro fundamento que não fosse o elemento de bruxaria do caso. Este artigo foca particularmente nos casos em que a/o solicitante temia perseguição por ser acusada/o de ser bruxa/o, enquanto um segundo artigo relacionado a este aborda as pessoas temendo perseguição por bruxas/os ou pelo meio de bruxaria.
El lenguaje teológico-espiritual del arte. El mensaje del templo de San Ignacio de Loyola de Bogotá
Authors: Córdoba Salmerón Miguel
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo nace como fruto de una investigación realizada en el Archivo Histórico Javeriano. Esta me llevó a tener acceso directo a la documentación recopilada de diferentes archivos nacionales e internacionales, sobre los bienes muebles que componían la decoración de la iglesia que la Compañía de Jesús tenía en la ciudad capital de Colombia, antes denominada Santa Fe de Bogotá. El recinto actual, en su decoración, ha sido modificado a lo largo de los años, según los gustos de la época y las circunstancias históricas que la han marcado, como la de convertirse en vicecatedral tras la expulsión de los jesuitas de los reinos de España, a finales del siglo XVIII.Por eso intentaremos desvelar un primer nivel de lectura teológico-espiritual y didáctico del conjunto decorativo original del templo de San Ignacio de Bogotá, que perteneció y pertenece a la Compañía de Jesús. Para ello realizaremos una reflexión de cómo la imagen, el arte, que siempre fue usada por la Iglesia Católica para transmitir la fe, es una herramienta fundamental para expresar un contenido teológico que pueda ser comprensible a las personas que lo observen; y propondremos al lector las posibles claves de lectura, claro está, desde la espiritualidad ignaciana, para exponer, desde ahí, el mensaje que los jesuitas mandaban a los bogotanos o a cualquier fiel que entrase en el recinto sacro.
Los efectos relativo y absoluto del contrato de transacción. El caso de la solidaridad pasiva
Authors: Henríquez Herrera Ian
Published: June 2022

El presente estudio intenta delimitar los efectos relativo y absoluto del contrato de transacción, y resolver el problema dogmático que conlleva el análisis de la solidaridad pasiva según las reglas actuales del Código Civil de Bello. Por medio del método histórico y dogmático, revisaremos la conceptualización del contrato de transacción y sus singularidades; para dar cuenta de las reglas y fuentes utilizadas por Andrés Bello. La conclusión, en lo sustantivo, conlleva afirmar, contra doctrina mayoritaria, que la extinción de la deuda solidaria a causa de una transacción beneficia al resto de los codeudores solidarios.
Modeling Study on Nearly-Zero Carbon Cooling in Single Houses With Underground Cold Storage
Authors: Li Kewen , Jiang Yu , Jia Lin , Zhao Guoxiang , Kaita Mohammed
Published: June 2022

Traditional air-conditioning systems are energy-intensive and contribute to severe environmental pollution. Despite these drawbacks, traditional air conditioners grow increasingly popular in rapidly expanding rural villas, exacerbating environmental concerns. It is very important to develop new technology that may substitute traditional air conditioners for space cooling. In this paper, we developed a nearly-zero-carbon cooling technology (NZCCT) that does not require heat pumps or air-conditioning devices as utilized in traditional indoor-cooling systems. The proposed cooling system employs solar and geothermal energy while using the naturally abundant underground soil space as energy storage. For the novel NZCCT systems, the influences of the rate and the category of circulation fluids, the initial temperature and the volume of underground cold storage, thermal conductivity and the diameter of pipes on the cooling performance in a single house have been modeled using comsol multiphysics. The simulation data have been analyzed, and the results demonstrated that the NZCCT methodology for space cooling in single houses could be realized without using heat pumps and air conditioners. A comfortable temperature could be maintained by using only clean energies. A significant amount of electricity to power heat pumps or air conditioners might be saved. The proposed technology is of great importance to reduce carbon emission from house cooling with traditional air conditioners.
Applying a Mono-Octadecanethiol Film on Silver and Gold Coin Products
Authors: Ying Tsineng , Power Tom , Bacon Anthony
Published: June 2022

Monomolecular anti-tarnish and lubricant layer was utilized in the coining industry for more than ten years, saving millions of dollars each year. However, the benzotriazole (BTA) that formed the monolayer on cupronickel did not react with silver. In recent years, many chemicals were screened for evaluating the bonding strength on silver surfaces. Finally, a mono-octadecanethiol (ODT) film was solidly bonded with silver surfaces in the laboratory utilizing an ultrasonic bath. To apply this technology for industry, the process must be tested in a real production environment, since many unexpected issues needed to be solved just like applying BTA on cupronickel years ago. In this work, several bench tests were conducted on the silver production line at Sunshine Mint. The results illustrated that the mono-ODT film could be applied on silver surfaces with different processes and parameters according to the production conditions. The processes are simple, reliable, and low cost. Based on the test data, the process can soon be fully implemented on the production line.
Sonic boom reflection over an isolated building and multiple buildings
Authors: Dragna Didier , Emmanuelli Ariane , Ollivier Sébastien , Blanc-Benon Philippe
Published: June 2022

Sonic boom reflection is investigated over an isolated building and multiple buildings using numerical simulations. For that, the two-dimensional Euler equations are solved using high-order finite-difference techniques. Three urban geometries are considered for two boom waves, a classical N-wave and a low-boom wave. First, the variations of the pressure waveforms and the corresponding perceived noise are analyzed along an isolated building. The influence of the building is limited to an illuminated region at its front and a shadow region at its rear, whose size depends on the building's height and the Mach number. Two buildings are then considered. In addition to arrivals related to reflection on the building facades or to diffraction at the building corners, low-frequency oscillations, associated with resonances, are noticed in the street canyon. Their amplitude depends on the street width and on the incident boom frequency contents. Despite their significance, these low-frequency oscillations have little impact on the perceived noise. Finally, a periodic distribution of identical buildings is examined. The duration of the waveforms is notably increased due to multiple diffraction and canyon resonances. Variations in perceived noise at ground level are moderate for large streets, but become noticeable as the street width reduces.
Gigantic floating leaves occupy a large surface area at an economical material cost
Authors: Box Finn , Erlich Alexander , Guan Jian H. , Thorogood Chris
Published: June 2022

The giant Amazonian waterlily (genus
Victoria
) produces the largest floating leaves in the plant kingdom. The leaves’ notable vasculature has inspired artists, engineers, and architects for centuries. Despite the aesthetic appeal and scale of this botanical enigma, little is known about the mechanics of these extraordinary leaves. For example, how do these leaves achieve gigantic proportions? We show that the geometric form of the leaf is structurally more efficient than those of other smaller species of waterlily. In particular, the spatially varying thickness and regular branching of the primary veins ensures the structural integrity necessary for extensive coverage of the water surface, enabling optimal light capture despite a relatively low leaf biomass. Leaf gigantism in waterlilies may have been driven by selection pressures favoring a large surface area at an economical material cost, for outcompeting other plants in fast-drying ephemeral pools.
Pyramidal tract neurons drive amplification of excitatory inputs to striatum through cholinergic interneurons
Authors: Morgenstern Nicolás A. , Isidro Ana Filipa , Israely Inbal , Costa Rui M.
Published: June 2022

Corticostriatal connectivity is central for many cognitive and motor processes, such as reinforcement or action initiation and invigoration. The cortical input to the striatum arises from two main cortical populations: intratelencephalic (IT) and pyramidal tract (PT) neurons. We report a previously unknown excitatory circuit, supported by a polysynaptic motif from PT neurons to cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) to glutamate-releasing axons, which runs in parallel to the canonical monosynaptic corticostriatal connection. This motif conveys a delayed second phase of excitation to striatal spiny projection neurons, through an acetylcholine-dependent glutamate release mechanism mediated by α4-containing nicotinic receptors, resulting in biphasic corticostriatal signals. These biphasic signals are a hallmark of PT, but not IT, corticostriatal inputs, due to a stronger relative input from PT neurons to ChIs. These results describe a previously unidentified circuit mechanism by which PT activity amplifies excitatory inputs to the striatum, with potential implications for behavior, plasticity, and learning.
Discordant benevolence: How and why people help others in the face of conflicting values
Authors: Cowan Sarah K. , Bruce Tricia C. , Perry Brea L. , Ritz Bridget , Perrett Stuart , Anderson Elizabeth M.
Published: June 2022

What happens when a request for help from friends or family members invokes conflicting values? In answering this question, we integrate and extend two literatures: support provision within social networks and moral decision-making. We examine the willingness of Americans who deem abortion immoral to help a close friend or family member seeking one. Using data from the General Social Survey and 74 in-depth interviews from the National Abortion Attitudes Study, we find that a substantial minority of Americans morally opposed to abortion would enact what we call discordant benevolence: providing help when doing so conflicts with personal values. People negotiate discordant benevolence by discriminating among types of help and by exercising commiseration, exemption, or discretion. This endeavor reveals both how personal values affect social support processes and how the nature of interaction shapes outcomes of moral decision-making.
Ferroelectricity in a semiconducting all-inorganic halide perovskite
Authors: Zhang Ye , Parsonnet Eric , Fernandez Abel , Griffin Sinéad M. , Huyan Huaixun , Lin Chung-Kuan , Lei Teng , Jin Jianbo , Barnard Edward S. , Raja Archana , Behera Piush , Pan Xiaoqing , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Yang Peidong
Published: June 2022

Ferroelectric semiconductors are rare materials with both spontaneous polarizations and visible light absorptions that are promising for designing functional photoferroelectrics, such as optical switches and ferroelectric photovoltaics. The emerging halide perovskites with remarkable semiconducting properties also have the potential of being ferroelectric, yet the evidence of robust ferroelectricity in the typical three-dimensional hybrid halide perovskites has been elusive. Here, we report on the investigation of ferroelectricity in all-inorganic halide perovskites, CsGeX3, with bandgaps of 1.6 to 3.3 eV. Their ferroelectricity originates from the lone pair stereochemical activity in Ge (II) that promotes the ion displacement. This gives rise to their spontaneous polarizations of ~10 to 20 μC/cm2, evidenced by both ab initio calculations and key experiments including atomic-level ionic displacement vector mapping and ferroelectric hysteresis loop measurement. Furthermore, characteristic ferroelectric domain patterns on the well-defined CsGeBr3nanoplates are imaged with both piezo-response force microscopy and nonlinear optical microscopic method.
Symmetry disruption commits vault particles to disassembly
Authors: Guerra Pablo , González-Alamos María , Llauró Aida , Casañas Arnau , Querol-Audí Jordi , de Pablo Pedro J. , Verdaguer Núria
Published: June 2022

Vaults are ubiquitous ribonucleoprotein particles involved in a diversity of cellular processes, with promising applications as nanodevices for delivery of multiple cargos. The vault shell is assembled by the symmetrical association of multiple copies of the major vault protein that, initially, generates half vaults. The pairwise, anti-parallel association of two half vaults produces whole vaults. Here, using a combination of vault recombinant reconstitution and structural techniques, we characterized the molecular determinants for the vault opening process. This process commences with a relaxation of the vault waist, causing the expansion of the inner cavity. Then, local disengagement of amino-terminal domains at the vault midsection seeds a conformational change that leads to the aperture, facilitating access to the inner cavity where cargo is hosted. These results inform a hitherto uncharacterized step of the vault cycle and will aid current engineering efforts leveraging vault for tailored cargo delivery.
Rare earth elements from waste
Authors: Deng Bing , Wang Xin , Luong Duy Xuan , Carter Robert A. , Wang Zhe , Tomson Mason B. , Tour James M.
Published: June 2022

Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical materials in electronics and clean technologies. With the diminishing of easily accessible minerals for mining, the REE recovery from waste is an alternative toward a circular economy. Present methods for REE recovery suffer from lengthy purifications, low extractability, and high wastewater streams. Here, we report an ultrafast electrothermal process (~3000°C, ~1 s) based on flash Joule heating (FJH) for activating wastes to improve REE extractability. FJH thermally degrades or reduces the hard-to-dissolve REE species to components with high thermodynamic solubility, leading to ~2× increase in leachability and high recovery yields using diluted acid (e.g., 0.1 M HCl). The activation strategy is feasible for various wastes including coal fly ash, bauxite residue, and electronic waste. The rapid FJH process is energy-efficient with a low electrical energy consumption of 600 kWh ton
−1
. The potential for this route to be rapidly scaled is outlined.
Colorimetric quantification of linking in thermoreversible nanocrystal gel assemblies
Authors: Kang Jiho , Valenzuela Stephanie A. , Lin Emily Y. , Dominguez Manuel N. , Sherman Zachary M. , Truskett Thomas M. , Anslyn Eric V. , Milliron Delia J.
Published: June 2022

Nanocrystal gels can be responsive, tunable materials, but designing their structure and properties is challenging. By using reversibly bonded molecular linkers, gelation can be realized under conditions predicted by thermodynamics. However, simulations have offered the only microscopic insights, with no experimental means to monitor linking leading to gelation. We introduce a metal coordination linkage with a distinct optical signature allowing us to quantify linking in situ and establish structural and thermodynamic bases for assembly. Because of coupling between linked indium tin oxide nanocrystals, their infrared absorption shifts abruptly at a chemically tunable gelation temperature. We quantify bonding spectroscopically and use molecular simulation to understand temperature-dependent bonding motifs, revealing that gel formation is governed by reaching a critical number of effective links that extend the nanocrystal network. Microscopic insights from our colorimetric linking chemistry enable switchable gels based on thermodynamic principles, opening the door to rational design of programmable nanocrystal networks.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters and humans results in lasting and unique systemic perturbations after recovery
Authors: Frere Justin J. , Serafini Randal A. , Pryce Kerri D. , Zazhytska Marianna , Oishi Kohei , Golynker Ilona , Panis Maryline , Zimering Jeffrey , Horiuchi Shu , Hoagland Daisy A. , Møller Rasmus , Ruiz Anne , Kodra Albana , Overdevest Jonathan B. , Canoll Peter D. , Borczuk Alain C. , Chandar Vasuretha , Bram Yaron , Schwartz Robert , Lomvardas Stavros , Zachariou Venetia , tenOever Benjamin R.
Published: June 2022

The host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can result in prolonged pathologies collectively referred to as post-acute sequalae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID. To better understand the mechanism underlying long COVID biology, we compared the short- and long-term systemic responses in the golden hamster after either SARS-CoV-2 or influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Results demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 exceeded IAV in its capacity to cause permanent injury to the lung and kidney and uniquely affected the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory epithelium (OE). Despite a lack of detectable infectious virus, the OB and OE demonstrated myeloid and T cell activation, proinflammatory cytokine production, and an interferon response that correlated with behavioral changes extending a month after viral clearance. These sustained transcriptional changes could also be corroborated from tissue isolated from individuals who recovered from COVID-19. These data highlight a molecular mechanism for persistent COVID-19 symptomology and provide a small animal model to explore future therapeutics.
Complete Genome Sequences of Rhizobium gallicum M101 and Two Potential New
Rhizobium
Species Isolated from Soils in Central Canada
Authors: Hawkins Justin P. , Ordonez Patricia A. , Oresnik Ivan J.
Published: June 2022

Here, we report the genome sequences of
Rhizobium gallicum
M101,
Rhizobium
sp. strain C104, and
Rhizobium
sp. strain K102. These bacteria were isolated from three locations in Manitoba, Canada. The M101 genome meets the criteria for
R. gallicum
based on average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization; the genomes of C104 and K102 are below the thresholds to be matched to known type strains.