bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mandible histology in Metoposaurus krasiejowensis (Temnospondyli, Stereospondyli) from the Upper Triassic of Poland
Authors: Gruntmejer Kamil , Bodzioch Adam , Konietzko-Meier Dorota
Published: September 2021

Recent studies that have systematically augmented our knowledge of dermal bones of the Late Triassic temnospondyl amphibian Metoposaurus krasiejowensis have mostly focused on shoulder girdle elements and the skull. So far, histological data on the mandible are still scant. For the present study, two mandibles have been examined, using 50 standard thin sections. Dermal bones of the mandible reveal a uniform diploë structure, with the external cortex consisting of moderately vascularised, parallel-fibred bone, as well as a distinct alternation of thick zones and thinner annuli. Dense bundles of well-mineralised Sharpey’s fibres are seen in the external cortex over the entire length of the mandible. The trabecular middle region is highly porous and well vascularised, showing small primary vascular canals and more numerous secondary osteons; irregular erosion spaces occur in large numbers as well. The thin and poorly vascular internal cortex consists of parallel-fibred bone. The articular is not a dermal bone in origin, having been formed of a thin layer of avascular cortex and a very extensive, trabecular middle region. In contrast to the dermal bones of the mandible, the articular developed from a cartilaginous precursor, as evidenced by numerous remains of calcified cartilage in the central parts of the bone. Histological variability is extremely high along the mandible, its anterior part being characterised by high compactness and biomechanically good resistance in contrast to the highly porous posterior parts. Distinct variations of bone thickness and degree of bone porosity in specific areas of the mandible, may be due to local differences in biomechanics during feeding. The microstructure of the mandible corroborates a previous study of the active and ambush predation strategy in metoposaurids.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF RENDERING MORTARS IN CERAMIC AND CONCRETE STRUCTURAL BLOCKS
Authors:   Federal University of Tocantins Brazil, Noleto Pires Victória , Soto Izquierdo Indara ,   Federal University of Tocantins Brazil, Soto Izquierdo Orieta ,   Federal University of Tocantins Brazil, Ferreira Alves Leonardo ,   Federal University of Tocantins Brazil
Published: September 2021

The tensile bond strength is one of the main properties of rendering mortars. It represents the adhesiveness ability between the mortar itself and the substrate. This property depends on several factors, such as the proportion and characteristics of the mortar materials and the substrate, along with the mode of application and climate conditions. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the tensile bond strength between three rendering mortar proportions in volume – 1: 1: 6, 1: 2: 9, and 1: 6 (with plasticizer additive) – each one applied on two substrates, ceramic structural blocks with roughcast and concrete structural blocks. The rendering mortars had their physical properties evaluated in fresh and hardened stages, as well as their compressive and tensile strengths in flexure. The tensile bond strength was determined by a pullout test on ceramic and concrete masonry walls exposed to external weather. The results showed that the 1: 1: 6 mixed mortar exhibited higher tensile bond strength in both substrates of ceramic blocks with roughcast and concrete blocks without preparation. Besides, among 1: 2: 9 and 1: 6 mortars there is no significant difference in tensile bond strength considering both substrates. Another conclusion was that the substrate type did not affect the final bond strength between the mortars.
MANAGEMENT MODEL WITH PROCESSES TO IDENTIFY SEISMIC VULNERABILITY IN HOUSING
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Moquegua (Perú), del Carpio Delgado Fabrizio , Vera Barrios Bertha Silvana ,   Universidad Nacional de Moquegua (Perú)
Published: September 2021

Seismic events for decades have caused great prejudice to countries causing human and economic losses due to the collapse of houses, therefore the relevance of this research lies in offering a management model with processes to identify the seismic vulnerabilities of houses and validate the correlation between whether there is dependence between the Knowledge of the Management Model with Processes and its application (hypothesis). A mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) is presented, generating reliable and concise results, issuing Chi-Square values to prove that they are greater than 0.05, implying a very weak or low dependence relationship. Consequently, it is concluded with a confidence level of 95%, indicating the way in which the knowledge of the model is developed and its application, has very little dependence in the local governments of the Moquegua Region, since they do not know the proposed model.
ASSESSMENT OF BIM USE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador, Arellano Escobar Karen , Andrade Valles Alexis Iván ,   Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador, Castillo Tito Oswaldo ,   Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador, Herrera Rodrigo F. ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso (Chile)
Published: September 2021

The construction companies have achieved different levels of BIM use and in some developed countries, it is very advanced. Traditionally, the use of BIM has been evaluated by maturity models; however, it does not provide an integral evaluation of BIM use. BIM Use Assessment (BUA) was proposed as a tool to satisfy this need, it is based on the evaluation of several states that compose necessary characteristics to perform each BIM use successfully. BUA was applied to measure projects that have BIM advanced use in Colombia, Chile, and Spain. However, there is none an integral evaluation in the early stages of BIM use. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the incipient BIM use. Accordingly, 23 private Ecuadorian projects, were evaluated using BUA. As expected, the analyzed projects have lower levels than the other projects evaluated by BUA. The high percentage of projects were at the levels that require the appropriate use of 3D models, and the collaboration issues were common deficiencies. This research results could be used in the development of strategies to reduce mistakes; thus, leading to an agile BIM implementation.
Functional, Physical and Rheological Properties of Composite Cassava-Wheat Flour Produced from Low Postharvest Physiological Deterioration Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Alimi J. P. , Ahemen S. A. , Alimi J. O. , Iluebbey P. O.
Published: September 2021

The functional, rheological and color (physical) properties of flours are quality attributes determining the usage, suitability and organoleptic characteristics of flours meant for industrial (baking and confectionery) application. This study investigated the functional, physical and rheological properties of composite cassava-wheat flour produced with low (PPD) cassava flours. Wholesome four varieties of yellow-fleshed Low PPD cassava and one variety of high PPD cassava were, washed, grated, pressed, pulverized, flash dried at 120 °C for 8 minutes, milled with cyclone hammer mill to which a screen having aperture size of 250 was affixed and subsequently cooled. The flours were subjected to analysis such as physical (color), functional and rheological. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze pertinent data generated, significant means were separated applying Duncan multiple range test. The composite cassava-wheat (CCW) flours’ water absorption, swelling power, solubility index, oil absorption, bulk density, lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) ranged from 13.53±0.05-13.73±0.05%, 7.00±0.01-8.87±0.03%, 8.27±0.01-9.55±0.06, 101.33±0.87-118.83±0.49%, 0.55±0.01-0.62±0.01 g/cm3, 93.95±0.28-96.01±0.34, 0.36±0.01-0.77±0.10 and 9.94±0.17-11.74±0.24, respectively. The water absorption, dough development time, dough stability, mixing tolerance index, dough consistency, farinograph quality number, breakdown time, water absorption for default moisture content and gluten content ranged from 60.70±0.00-63.70±0.14%, 1.28±0.00-1.32±0.00 min, 1.14±0.00-1.37±0.00 min, 75.00±0.00-104.00±0.00 BU, 424.00±0.00-518.00±0.00 mm, 23.00±0.00-26.00±0.00 mm, 2.10±0.00-2.38±0.00 min, 59.90±0.00-62.20±0.00% and 27.00±0.00-32.00±0.00, respectively. Comparable functional, rheological and physical properties to that of wheat flour was obtained from CCW flour prepared with blend of low PPD cassava flour and wheat which are suitable for application in the baking and confectionery industry.
Livestock Population Dynamics in Central India: A District-level Analysis of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
Authors: Bardhan D. , Singh S. R. K. , Raut A. A. , Shrivastava Varsha
Published: September 2021

In this study, we assessed the dynamics of district-level livestock population in two central states of India, viz. Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh during the period 2012-19. The analytical tools comprised of simple descriptive statistics and fitting exponential trend equations. We found temporal variations in shares of different species to total district-wise livestock population. While population of cattle declined in Madhya Pradesh, the same registered a minor increase in Chhattisgarh. The reverse situation was observed in case of buffaloes. Dynamics of changes in small ruminant population pointed towards the increasing importance of goats as compared to sheep. Although, cattle is the livestock species on which the rural population mostly depend for their livelihood in both the states, economic dependence on sheep and pig is more in Chhattisgarh than Madhya Pradesh. Some policy suggestions have been given based on the findings of the study on leveraging the opportunities offered by livestock sector.

HIGHLIGHTS

In the context of increasing population pressure and associated shrinking landholding size, diversification of agricultural activities becomes crucial.

The role of livestock, on account of more equitable distribution in favour of resource poor farmers, is important for sustainable livelihood security of farmers.

For formulating appropriate policies for development of livestock sector, it is necessary to carry out disaggregated analyses to assess the district-level trends and dynamics of livestock population.
Factors Associated with Land Ownership by Women in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Candia Douglas Andabati
Published: September 2021

Aims: There is growing evidence concerning the significance of asset ownership by women. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa, asset ownership is lower for women compared to men. This study investigated factors associated with land ownership by women in Uganda.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data was collected by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics from 20 June to 16 December 2016. 

Methodology: The logistic regression model was fitted to determine factors significantly associated with land ownership.

Results: The likelihood of a woman owning land increased with an increase in her age and reduced with improvement in her household's wealth index. Furthermore, the likelihood of owning land was lowest for women; aged 18-19 years, residing in the Central region, residing in urban areas, of single status, with no account in a bank or other financial institution, in the richest wealth index category, and those currently not working.

Conclusion: There is a need to develop more effective strategies to empower women regarding land ownership and control. There is a need to sensitize women about their rights to land ownership, about saving with registered financial institutions which increases their likelihood of accessing alternative funding sources to support their purchase of land and other valuable assets.
A new Model for Solving Three Mixed Integral Equations with Continuous and Discontinuous Kernels
Authors: Abdou M. A. , Youssef M. I.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we discuss a new model to obtain the answer to the following question: how can we establish the different types of mixed integral equations from the Fredholm integral equation? For this, we consider three types of mixed integral equations (MIEs), under certain conditions.  The existence of a unique solution of such equations is guaranteed. Using analytic and numerical methods, the three MIEs formulas yield the same Fredholm integral equation (FIE) formula of the second kind. For continuous kernel, the solution of these three MIEs, via the FIEs, is discussed analytically. In addition, for a discontinuous kernel, the Toeplitz matrix method (TMM) and Product Nyström method (PNM) are used to obtain, in each method, a linear algebraic system (LAS). Then, the numerical results are obtained, the error is computed in each case, and compared as well.
Characterization of Sewage Sludge for Quality Assessment and Its Safe Utilization in Agriculture
Authors: Jatav Surendra Singh , Singh Satish Kumar , Patra Abhik , Jatav Hanuman Singh , Mohapatra Kiran Kumar , Singh Pavan
Published: September 2021

The current investigation was undertaken to explore the physico-biochemical properties of sewage sludge (SS) and its feasible application in agricultural field as an organic manure as source of nutrients with to solve the environmental concern. Sewage sludge samples were collected from sewage treatment plants (STP), Bhagwanpur, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India and passed through a 2 mm sieve for further analysis of different physical, chemical and biological parameters. The treated sewage sludge consists of both major and micro nutrients along with a good amount of organic matter. Application of this sewage sludge has the ability to enhance the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil which is beneficial for plant growth and development sustainable soil environment. However, it also contains some amount of toxic heavy metals and organic pollutants that can adversely affect soil environment depending on the origin source of sewage sludge, and treatment process of sewage sludge. Furthermore, the toxic elements go through the food chain due to its uptake and accumulation by crops posing a possible threat to human health. Sewage sludge application in soil offers essential nutrients particularly for plant growth, maintains the organic carbon in soil and decreases environmental concern with economic factors that restrict landfill or incineration disposal of sewage sludge. However, a careful assessment of the characteristics of sewage sludge is required prior to its soil application to improve the soil health without causing environmental hazard. The SS analyzed in the present study had heavy metals content but was within permissible limits as resulted its suitable for soil application as source of nutrients.
Corrosive Effect of Tomato, Pepper and Onion Pulps on Selected Grinding Machine Components
Authors: Babalola J. O. , Olanipekun B. F. , Onyiaoha V. E. , Adejumobi O. C. , Oladipo N. O. , Oyelade O. J.
Published: September 2021

As a result of cost considerations, local grinding machine manufacturing outfits are employing non-stainless-steel components for equipment fabrication. Despite the fact that the components are known to corrode, the number of the manufacturing outfits has increased over the years. Corrosion is a major concern to the food industry because the ingestion of corroded metals can harm and affect the function of some body organs. Potentiodynamic polarization method and a weight loss approach at room temperature was used to investigate the influence of tomato, pepper, and onion pulps on the electrochemical characteristics and weight loss of mild, galvanized, and stainless steel over a period of 30 days, at 5-day intervals. The results revealed that highest corrosion rate was found in mild steel (2.95x10-8mm/y) but low compared to the corrosion value obtained for galvanized steel (3.4x10-8mm/y) in the hybrid medium. Consequently, the use of mild steel as a substitute for stainless steel is suggested, provided that it is coated, and that the machine is cleaned regularly to remove residues from the metal surface or to inhibit microbiologically induced corrosion.
Laboratory Methods for COVID-19 Diagnosis
Authors: Nyebuchi Jonathan , Roseline Emeji, , Felix Eedee Konne
Published: September 2021

Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause disease in mammals and birds. Covid-19 infection occurs due to an RNA virus which is single-stranded, called SARS-CoV-2; this virus is similar to SARS-CoV. This review throws light on the available laboratory techniques used for testing coronavirus. Certain challenges are encountered during the development of a diagnostic test for a novel pathogen, which depends on sensitivity of the method, that is, the potential in detecting very low pathogen level for early laboratory diagnosis, produce little or no interference with other strains of the virus, and produce results rapidly. Since the time of incubation and clinical manifestation of the infection are relatively the same with SARS, the widespread and effect of COVID-19 globally serve as the basis why the development of quick and reliable laboratory methods are necessary. Samples that could be collected for covid-19 testing includes blood (especially for screening purpose), nasal and throat swab. Currently, the gold standard method for laboratory diagnosis of Covid-19 infection is RT-PCR, which serves as a confirmatory method for Covid-19 testing. EIA and SVN laboratory techniques are other techniques used in detecting the viral infection. In addition, Rapid Diagnostic Testing (RDT) are currently developed for point-of-care testing, and often used as a screening method of Covid-19 infections. Early detection of the virus remains the primary focus for the treatment and control of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Therefore, this review was aimed at the available laboratory methods used in the diagnosis for coronavirus infection.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Traditional Medicine Practitioners in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adigwe Obi Peter , Ebohon Moses Musa , Egharevba Henry Omoregie
Published: September 2021

The people of Edo State of Nigeria have a long history of dependence on traditional medicine as a primary source and first line of action for their healthcare needs. Efforts have been made by various national and subnational governments towards integrating the TM practice for the benefit of its citizens with little progress. The slow progress is partly because of dearth in the knowledge, attitude and practice of the practitioners. A descriptive cross-sectional study aimed at highlighting the demography, attitude and approach as well as the exposing the key gaps in the practice and expectation of the practitioners from the different stakeholders, was carried out. The survey study was conducted using a standardized structured questionnaire. The outcome showed that 90% of practitioners were within the age bracket of 25 and 65 years, and majority (66%) were of male gender and, about 94% and 78% were literate and self-employed, respectively. About 30% have being in practice for less than 10 years and about 44% sees less than 10 patients per week. The major diseases treated include malaria (66%), stomach ulcer (62%), cough and sore throat (54%), diabetes (54%), gonorrhoea/sexually transmitted diseases (52%) and menstrual pain (50%). About 28% claimed to have subjected some of their products to laboratory testing but only about 4% of respondents had NAFDAC registered products. Edo TMPs have high expectation for government and partners supports in strengthening TM practices through the provision modern production facility, supports for medicinal plant gardens, laboratory testing, training on best practices and better legislation for citizens’ patronage.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Management of Stroke in Patients with COVID-19 Infection: A Review
Authors: Mubasher Sidra Shahid , Batool Humera , Kierian Emen Udo , Batool Khatja
Published: September 2021

In the current pandemic, it is imperative to comprehend and advance a search forward to explore the pathogenesis of stroke in COVID-19 infected patients. In this review, we have discussed the prevalence of stroke in COVID-19 infected patients and different risk factors associated with the stroke in COVID-19. We also presented a comprehensive review on management of Stroke Patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 positive patients with stroke should be treated in a designated COVID-19 health care center as per the guidelines. Study also showed that older patients with a history of cardiovascular diseases, prothrombotic state, smoking, and infection significantly had a higher likelihood of stroke incidence. The study revealed that effective treatment of COVID-19 and reduction of the inflammatory conditions may seem to be the way forward to minimize the symptomatic stroke associated with COVID-19 infection, and rehabilitation of Stroke patients should be optimal during a pandemic.
Bioethanol Production from Locally Growing Algal Biomass: A Promising and Cost-effective Approach
Authors: Shivangi . , Raina Rohit , Mishra Manish , Sehgal Shelly
Published: September 2021

Background: Energy production and consumption ratio form the hallmark of the economic prosperity of a country. To keep up with the demand and supply of energy a major switch to biofuels is reasoned but the cost associated with production and the choice of raw material forms two major economical and ethical concerns, especially in the under-developed and developing countries where the food is not sufficiently available to everyone. In this scenario, the use of food sources as raw material becomes unjustified.

Purpose: To address these issues, here we made an effort to obtain bioethanol from a non-edible and easily available resource that requires a modest cost of production i.e., a locally available algal bloom. Also, different methods of pre-treatment were employed and scrutinized for their efficacy. These methods of pre-treatment are very cost-effective and easy to administer.

Materials and Methods: The algal biomass was pre-treated separately in three ways viz., freeze-thawing, mechanical disruption and rotten wood treatment. The algal cake left out after extraction of lipid content for biodiesel production was also used as a fourth sample. After pre-treatment, the supernatant was collected and estimated for reducing sugar content and allowed to ferment using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A distillate was obtained and checked for ethanol percentage through gas chromatography.

Results: The mechanically disrupted sample yielded the highest percentage of ethanol followed by algal cake, freeze-thawing and rotten wood treatment.

Conclusion: Given present food scarcity, the non-edible algae could be a better alternative for bioethanol production as compared to the use of conventional food crops. Through this study, we have found that a better yield can be achieved if the algal biomass is pre-treated via mechanical disruption.
Effect of pain neuroscience education and exercise on presenteeism and pain intensity in health care workers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Imai Ryota , Konishi Takashi , Mibu Akira , Tanaka Katsuyoshi , Nishigami Tomohiko
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Decreased workforce productivity has a significant economic impact on healthcare systems. Presenteeism, the practice of working at reduced potential, is more harmful than absenteeism. Present workers most often experience musculoskeletal pain that is not mitigated by general exercise or stretching. We aimed to assess whether a regimen of pain neuroscience education (PNE) and exercise tailored to individual healthcare workers could reduce presenteeism and improve productivity.

Methods

An independent investigator randomized 104 medical professionals into two groups (intervention and control). The control group received general feedback after answering a questionnaire, while the intervention group received a 6-month plan of exercises and PNE created by a physical therapist with 10 years of experience. Our primary outcome was the scores of the Japanese version of the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO-HPQ) to investigate presenteeism; and our secondary outcomes were pain intensity, widespread pain index (WPI), and EuroQol 5-dimension (EQ5D-5L).

Results

In the intervention group, post intervention, we observed significant improvement in presenteeism, pain intensity, WPI, physical and psychological stress, and EQ5D-5L (P < .05). In the control group, we noted significant improvement only in the physical and psychological stress post intervention (P < .05). The results showed significant between-group differences in presenteeism post-intervention (P < .05).

Conclusion

We demonstrated that a combination of PNE and exercise decreases presenteeism of healthcare workers. Our findings will help healthcare facilities carry out better employee management and ensure optimal productivity.
A cross-sectional study of the association between frequency of telecommuting and unhealthy dietary habits among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   CORoNaWork Project, Kubo Yoshiko , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Hino Ayako , Nagata Masako , Ikegami Kazunori , Tateishi Seiichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa
Published: September 2021

Objective

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, telecommuting has become a new way of working that has not only changed individuals’ work, but also their health and lifestyle. We examined the relationship between telecommuting frequency and unhealthy dietary habits among Japanese workers.

Methods

A total of 33,302 workers completed an Internet survey about telecommuting and dietary habits. Data from 13,468 office workers who telecommuted were analyzed. Telecommuting frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic was extracted from a questionnaire. The odds ratios (ORs) of four types of dietary habits, namely, skipping breakfast, solitary eating, lower meal frequency, and meal substitution associated with telecommuting frequency were estimated using multilevel logistic regression nested in the prefecture of residence to control for differences in residential area.

Results

The multivariate OR of skipping breakfast was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.03–1.29, p = .013) for participants who telecommuted in excess of four days per week compared to those who rarely telecommuted. Similarly, the OR of solitary eating, lower meal frequency and meal substitution were 1.44 (95% CI: 1.28–1.63, p < .001), 2.39 (95% CI: 1.66–3.44, p < .001), and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.04–1.51, p = .015) for those who telecommuted in excess of four days per week compared to those who rarely telecommuted. There was a statistically significant increase in the dose-response trend in ORs of solitary eating (p for trend <.001), lower meal frequency (p for trend <.001), and meal substitution (p for trend = .001) with increasing telecommuting frequency.

Conclusion

Telecommuters may develop unhealthy dietary habits, indicating the need for strategies to help telecommuters manage their nutrition and diet.
Brenneria
Authors: Brady Carrie L. , Coutinho Teresa A.
Published: September 2021

Bren.ne'ri.a. N.L. fem. n.
Brenneria
named after the American bacteriologist Don J. Brenner.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacterales / Pectobacteriaceae / Brenneria

The genus
Brenneria
was created to accommodate bacteria causing disease on woody hosts. Species cause a range of cankers, wilts, and necroses on willow, oak, alder, and walnut and are also associated with disease‐causing species of
Lonsdalea
. Cells are Gram‐negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, and short rods, which appear singly or rarely in pairs. Species are mesophilic, favoring growth temperatures of 28–30°C, and prefer low salt media and neutral pH. Carbon sources such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, galactose, and
N
‐acetylglucosamine are readily assimilated and fermented. Species form a monophyletic clade when phylogenetic analysis is based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) or whole‐genome sequences, while 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenies indicate that the genus is polyphyletic. The major fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
18:1
ω7
c
, C
17:0
cyclo, and summed features 2 (iso‐C
16:1
and/or C
14:0
3‐OH) and 3 (C
16:1
ω7
c
and/or iso‐C
15:0
2‐OH).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 51.1–56.2 (
T
m
and genome analysis).

Type species
:
Brenneria salicis
Hauben et al. 1998, VL68 (basonym: “
Bacterium salicis
” Day 1924).
Hamadaea
Authors: Trujillo Martha E. , Riesco Raúl
Published: September 2021

Ha.ma.da.e'a. N.L. fem. n.
Hamadaea
of Hamada, named after Masa Hamada, the Japanese microbiologist who made a tremendous contribution to actinomycete research.

Actinobacteria / Actinomycetia / Micromonosporales / Micromonosporaceae / Hamadaea

Gram‐stain‐positive, aerobic, and nonmotile actinobacteria. Vegetative hyphae are produced but not aerial mycelia. Short spore chains arise from the substrate hyphae. Abundant globose bodies are formed at the end of the hyphae. Positive reaction for catalase and oxidase. Grows between 4 and 40°C, pH 6–9, and in the presence of 1% NaCl. Some strains require thiamine for growth. Chemoorganotrophic. Gelatin, starch, and Tweens 20, 40, 60, and 80 are degraded. Complex carbohydrates serve as carbon sources. The cell‐wall contains
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid, but 3‐hydroxy diaminopimelic acid may also be present. The whole‐cell sugar hydrolysate profile is complex and includes xylose, galactose, mannose, ribose, arabinose, rhamnose, and glucose. MK‐9(H
6
) is the predominant menaquinone. The phospholipid composition includes diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. Phylogenetically related to members of the family
Micromonosporaceae
and closely related to the genera
Allocatelliglobosispora
,
Catellatospora
, and
Catelliglobosispora
.

DNA G
 + 
C content (mol%)
: 69.7–70.8 (WGS).

Type species
:
Hamadaea tsunoensis
Ara et al. 2008
VP
(basonym:
Catellatospora tsunoense
Asano et al. 1989
VP
).
Senegalimassilia
Authors: Zgheib Rita , Fournier Pierre‐Edouard
Published: September 2021

Se.ne.ga.li.mas.si'li.a N.L. fem. n.
Senegalimassilia
, combination of Senegal, where the stool sample was collected and Massilia, the Latin name of Marseille, where strain JC110
T
was cultivated.

Actinobacteria / Coriobacteriia / Coriobacteriales / Coriobacteriaceae / Senegalimassilia

The genus
Senegalimassilia
englobes nonmotile, Gram‐positive, and oxidase‐negative coccobacilli. It has two species with validly published names,
Senegalimassilia anaerobia
and
Senegalimassilia faecalis
, that were isolated from healthy human gut samples.
Senegalimassilia
spp. grow best on blood‐enriched Columbia agar, at 37°C in strictly anaerobic atmosphere. The major fatty acid methyl esters are C
16:0
and C
16:0
dimethyl acetal, and the polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified phospholipids, and unidentified glycolipids. In addition to the fatty acid methyl esters and polar lipid composition, the species belonging to this genus can also be differentiated from closely related genera by their asaccharolytic trait. They can also be identified by genomic criteria, using the published limits that delineate new species. They can be identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny and similarity (95–98.65% species limit), average nucleotide identity (ANI) (95–96%), and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) (70%). They have an average genome size of 2,573,031 bp.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
:
60.9–61.2 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Senegalimassilia anaerobia
Lagier et al. 2013, VL155 emend. Han et al. 2020.
Association Between Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity and Periodontitis Defined by Tooth Loss: Longitudinal and Cross‐Sectional Data From Two Observational Studies
Authors: Albrecht Katinka , de Pablo Paola , Eidner Thorsten , Hoese Guido , Wassenberg Siegfried , Zink Angela , Callhoff Johanna
Published: September 2021

Objective

To analyze the effect of tooth loss/periodontitis on disease activity in early and established rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Participants of the Course And Prognosis of Early Arthritis (CAPEA) early arthritis cohort reported their number of teeth at baseline. The number of teeth had been validated as a predictor of periodontitis. Clinical end points, including disease activity score (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]), swollen joint count (SJC), ESR, and C‐reactive protein level were collected at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. We used linear mixed regression models to estimate the association between tooth loss and clinical end points over time in early arthritis. For established RA, we analyzed cross‐sectional data from the German National Database (NDB). All models accounted for age, sex, smoking, seropositivity, education level, and disease duration (only NDB).

Results

Among 1,124 CAPEA participants with early arthritis, those with higher tooth loss were older, more often male, smokers, and seropositive, and they had higher disease activity and inflammation markers at baseline. Tooth loss was associated with higher disease activity and ESR values over time. Inflammatory markers decreased comparably across tooth loss categories. Glucocorticoid use was higher among those with more tooth loss, whereas dose reduction was similar across tooth loss categories. Among 7,179 NDB participants with longstanding RA, disease activity and inflammation markers but not SJC were significantly higher in patients with more tooth loss.

Conclusion

Although we observed an association between tooth loss and disease activity scores and inflammation markers in early and established RA, longitudinal results suggest that tooth loss does not hamper treatment response.
Fluorinated Black Phosphorene Nanosheets with Robust Ambient Stability for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Tao , Liu Yinjiang , Chen Mengwei , Guo Xi , Tang Shuai , Zhang Ruoqian , Xie Zuji , Wang Jie , Gu Anping , Lin Shiwei , Wang Ning
Published: September 2021

Extraordinary electronic and photonic features (e.g., tunable direct bandgap, high ambipolar carrier mobility) render few‐layer black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets/quantum dots an important optoelectronic material. However, most of the BP applied in metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are produced by sonication‐assisted liquid exfoliation, which inevitably brings inferior electronic properties, thus leading to limited beneficial effects. Furthermore, this study uncovers that the intrinsic instability of BP nanosheets sandwiched between (CsFAMA)Pb(BrI)3 perovskite and spiro‐OMeTAD has a deleterious effect on the performance stabilization of PSCs. To address the above constraints, a feasible strategy herein is developed by introducing high‐quality fluorinated BP (F‐BP) nanosheets synthesized by one‐step electrochemical delamination. In addition to P‐Pb coordination, there is a strong hydrogen bond between F− and MA+/FA+ as well as an ionic bond between F− and Pb2+ for the perovskite/F‐BP interface, thus leading to fewer interfacial traps than perovskite/BP, which is responsible for the highest power conversion efficiency (22.06%) of F‐BP devices. More importantly, F‐BP devices exhibit significantly improved humidity and shelf‐life stabilities due to the excellent ambient stability of F‐BP, resulting from the antioxidation and antihydration behavior of fluorine adatoms. Overall, the findings provide a promising strategy to simultaneously enhance the photovoltaic performance and long‐term stability of BP‐based PSCs.
Controlled Vertically Aligned Structures in Polymer Composites: Natural Inspiration, Structural Processing, and Functional Application
Authors: Lei Chuxin , Xie Zilong , Wu Kai , Fu Qiang
Published: September 2021

Vertically aligned structures, which are a series of characteristic conformations with thickness‐direction alignment, interconnection, or assembly of filler in polymeric composite materials that can provide remarkable structural performance and advanced anisotropic functions, have attracted considerable attention in recent years. The past two decades have witnessed extensive development with regard to universal fabrication methods, subtle control of morphological features, improvement of functional properties, and superior applications of vertically aligned structures in various fields. However, a systematic review remains to be attempted. The various configurations of vertical structures inspired from biological samples in nature, such as vertically aligned structures with honeycomb, reed, annual ring, radial, and lamellar configurations are summarized here. Additionally, relevant processing methods, which include the transformation of oriented direction, external‐field inducement, template method, and 3D printing method, are discussed in detail. The diverse applications in mechanical, thermal, electric, dielectric, electromagnetic, water treatment, and energy fields are also highlighted by providing representative examples. Finally, future opportunities and prospects are listed to identify current issues and potential research directions. It is expected that perspectives on the vertically aligned structures presented here will contribute to the research on advanced multifunctional composites.
High‐Conductive Protonated Layered Oxides from H2O Vapor‐Annealed Brownmillerites
Authors: Hu Songbai , Zhu Yuanmin , Han Wenqiao , Li Xiaowen , Ji Yanjiang , Ye Mao , Jin Cai , Liu Qi , Hu Sixia , Wang Jiaou , Wang Junling , He Jiaqing , Cazorla Claudio , Chen Lang
Published: September 2021

Protonated 3d transition‐metal oxides often display low electronic conduction, which hampers their application in electric, magnetic, thermoelectric, and catalytic fields. Electronic conduction can be enhanced by co‐inserting oxygen acceptors simultaneously. However, the currently used redox approaches hinder protons and oxygen ions co‐insertion due to the selective switching issues. Here, a thermal hydration strategy for systematically exploring the synthesis of conductive protonated oxides from 3d transition‐metal oxides is introduced. This strategy is illustrated by synthesizing a novel layered‐oxide SrCoO3H from the brownmillerite SrCoO2.5. Compared to the insulating SrCoO2.5, SrCoO3H exhibits an unprecedented high electronic conductivity above room temperature, water uptake at 250 °C, and a thermoelectric power factor of up to 1.2 mW K−2 m−1 at 300 K. These findings open up opportunities for creating high‐conductive protonated layered oxides by protons and oxygen ions co‐doping.
Light‐Rewritable Logic Devices Based on Van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Li Songyu , Chen Xiaoqing , Zhang Zeyu , Li Xuhong , Deng Wenjie , Liu Famin , Lu Yue , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: September 2021

2D‐layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted tremendous interest as candidate material for next‐generation nanoelectronics because of their atomically layered lattices. However, their charge modulation based on chemical doping is commonly inefficient owing to the ultrathin crystal structures, which therefore limits their applications in electronic devices. Here, a photoinduced electrostatic modulation of WSe2 field‐effect transistor with charge‐trapping layers of hexagonal‐BN (h‐BN)/SiO2 is achieved for both n‐ and p‐type polarities, which demonstrates a large on/off ratio exceeding 106. This electrostatic modulation of WSe2 performs a reversible and high carrier regulation from an electron density of 3 × 1012 cm−2 to a hole density of 1.5 × 1012 cm−2. Through this facile and powerful approach, a p–n homojunction rectifier and a complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor inverter are successfully prepared and perform the functions of AC–DC conversion and cascadable logic NOT. Consequently, these results provide a huge potential for wide applications of TMDC‐based logic electronics.
Germline Variants in DNA Damage Repair Genes: An Emerging Role in the Era of Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shoucair Sami , Baker Andrew R. , Yu Jun
Published: September 2021

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease that is projected to become the second most common cause of cancer deaths by 2030. The role of adjuvant therapy after surgical resection has been established by several clinical trials to prolong survival and improve outcomes. Multiagent chemotherapy seems to be the most promising approach to counteract early recurrence and improve survival; however, in the era of precision medicine, patient selection and individualized therapy seems to hold the key to desirable superior outcomes. Several cancer susceptibility genes have been proven to be associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, both familial and sporadic cases. The role of genomic profiling for germline variants has been extensive and of limited clinical value, considering their low prevalence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, an accumulating body of evidence from several studies in the past decade have successfully shown a recognizable value of germline variants in risk assessment and patient stratification. Recently, anti‐PD‐1 therapy (pembrolizumab) has been FDA‐approved for use in solid malignancies with a Mismatch repair deficiency or high Microsatellite instability. Several trials have evaluated the role of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in patients harboring germlineBRCA1/2mutations. Finally, germline variants in DNA damage response genes and particularly deleterious ones have the potential to guide therapy after surgical resection and serve as biomarkers to predict survival. The dire need to address challenges for applying precision medicine in real‐life clinical settings for PDAC patients lies in further characterizing the genetic and molecular processes through translational research.
Pulmonary function is associated with cognitive decline and structural brain differences
Authors: Wang Jiao , Song Ruixue , Dove Abigail , Qi Xiuying , Ma Jun , Laukka Erika J. , Bennett David A. , Xu Weili
Published: September 2021

The association of poor pulmonary function (PF) with cognitive trajectories and structural brain differences remains unclear. Within the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1377 dementia‐free subjects were followed up to 21 years. PF was assessed with a composite score measured at baseline. Global and domain‐specific cognitive function was assessed annually constructed from 19 cognitive tests. A subsample of 351 participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the cross‐sectional association between PF and structural brain volumes. We found that low PF was related to faster decline in global cognition, and domain‐specific function including episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, visuospatial ability, and perceptual speed. In addition, low PF was associated with smaller volumes of total brain, white matter and gray matter, and larger white matter hyperintensities volume. Our results suggest that low PF is associated with faster cognitive decline, and both neurodegeneration and vascular brain lesions may underlie the association.
Impact of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Neurogenesis and Cortical Maturation
Authors: Dhari Zaenab , Leonetti Camille , Lin Stephen , Prince Arianna , Howick James , Zurakowski David , Wang Paul C. , Jonas Richard A. , Ishibashi Nobuyuki
Published: September 2021

Objective

Neurodevelopmental delays and frontal lobe cortical dysmaturation are widespread among children with congenital heart disease (CHD). The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest pool of neural stem/progenitor cells in the postnatal brain. Our aim is to determine the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on neurogenesis and cortical maturation in piglets whose SVZ development is similar to human infants.

Methods

Three‐week‐old piglets (n = 29) were randomly assigned to control (no surgery), mild‐CPB (34°C full flow for 60 minutes) and severe‐CPB groups (25°C circulatory‐arrest for 60 minutes). The SVZ and frontal lobe were analyzed with immunohistochemistry 3 days and 4 weeks postoperatively. MRI of the frontal lobe was used to assess cortical development.

Results

SVZ neurogenic activity was reduced up to 4 weeks after both mild and severe CPB‐induced insults. CPB also induced decreased migration of young neurons to the frontal lobe, demonstrating that CPB impairs postnatal neurogenesis. MRI 4 weeks after CPB displayed a decrease in gyrification index and cortical volume of the frontal lobe. Cortical fractional anisotropy was increased after severe CPB injury, indicating a prolonged deleterious impact of CPB on cortical maturation. Both CPB‐induced insults displayed a significant change in densities of three major inhibitory neurons, suggesting excitatory‐inhibitory imbalance in the frontal cortex. In addition, different CPB insults altered different subpopulations of inhibitory neurons.

Interpretation

Our results provide novel insights into cellular mechanisms contributing to CHD‐induced neurological impairments. Further refinement of CPB hardware and techniques is necessary to improve long‐term frontal cortical dysmaturation observed in children with CHD. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:913–926
Tris(pentafluorphenyl)boran‐katalysierte Erzeugung von Carbenium‐Ionen und autokatalytische Pyrazol‐Synthese – eine theoretische und experimentelle Studie
Authors: Dasgupta Ayan , Babaahmadi Rasool , Pahar Sanjukta , Stefkova Katarina , Gierlichs Lukas , Yates Brian F. , Ariafard Alireza , Melen Rebecca L.
Published: September 2021

In den letzten Jahren hat sich die metallfreie organische Synthese unter Verwendung von Triarylboranen als Katalysatoren zu einem weit verbreiteten Forschungsgebiet entwickelt. Hier berichten wir über eine umfassende theoretische und experimentelle Studie für die hochselektive Synthese von N‐substituierten Pyrazolen durch die Erzeugung von Carbenium‐Ionen aus der Reaktion zwischen Arylestern und Vinyldiazoacetaten in Gegenwart von katalytischem Tris(pentafluorphenyl)boran [B(C6F5)3]. DFT‐Studien zum Reaktionsmechanismus zeigen, dass die In‐situ‐Generierung einer Carbenium‐Spezies als Autokatalysator fungiert, welcher die regiospezifische Bildung von N‐substituierten Pyrazolen in guter bis hervorragender Ausbeute (bis zu 81 %) auslöst.
One‐Step Enzymatic Labeling Reveals a Critical Role of O‐GlcNAcylation in Cell‐Cycle Progression and DNA Damage Response
Authors: Tian Yinping , Zhu Qiang , Sun Zeyu , Geng Didi , Lin Bingyi , Su Xiaoling , He Jiahui , Guo Miao , Xu Hong , Zhao Ye , Qin Weijie , Wang Peng George , Wen Liuqing , Yi Wen
Published: September 2021

O‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAcylation) is a ubiquitous post‐translational modification of proteins that is essential for cell function. Perturbation of O‐GlcNAcylation leads to altered cell‐cycle progression and DNA damage response. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we develop a highly sensitive one‐step enzymatic strategy for capture and profiling O‐GlcNAcylated proteins in cells. Using this strategy, we discover that flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1), an essential enzyme in DNA synthesis, is a novel substrate for O‐GlcNAcylation. FEN1 O‐GlcNAcylation is dynamically regulated during the cell cycle. O‐GlcNAcylation at the serine 352 of FEN1 disrupts its interaction with Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) at the replication foci, and leads to altered cell cycle, defects in DNA replication, accumulation of DNA damage, and enhanced sensitivity to DNA damage agents. Thus, our study provides a sensitive method for profiling O‐GlcNAcylated proteins, and reveals an unknown mechanism of O‐GlcNAcylation in regulating cell cycle progression and DNA damage response.