bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GED-0507 attenuates lung fibrosis by counteracting myofibroblast transdifferentiation in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Speca Silvia , Dubuquoy Caroline , Rousseaux Christel , Chavatte Philippe , Desreumaux Pierre , Spagnolo Paolo
Published: September 2021

The development of more effective, better tolerated drug treatments for progressive pulmonary fibrosis (of which idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common and severe form) is a research priority. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a key regulator of inflammation and fibrosis and therefore represents a potential therapeutic target. However, the use of synthetic PPAR-γ agonists may be limited by their potentially severe adverse effects. In a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we have demonstrated that the non-racemic selective PPAR-γ modulator GED-0507 is able to reduce body weight loss, ameliorate clinical and histological features of pulmonary fibrosis, and increase survival rate without any safety concerns. Here, we focused on the biomolecular effects of GED-0507 on various inflammatory/fibrotic pathways. We demonstrated that preventive and therapeutic administration of GED-0507 reduced the BLM-induced mRNA expression of several markers of fibrosis, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen and fibronectin as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and expression of mucin 5B. The beneficial effect of GED-0507 on pulmonary fibrosis was confirmed in vitro by its ability to control TGFβ-induced myofibroblast activation in the A549 human alveolar epithelial cell line, the MRC-5 lung fibroblast line, and primary human lung fibroblasts. Compared with the US Food and Drug Administration-approved antifibrotic drugs pirfenidone and nintedanib, GED-0507 displayed greater antifibrotic activity by controlling alveolar epithelial cell dysfunction, EMT, and extracellular matrix remodeling. In conclusion, GED-0507 demonstrated potent antifibrotic properties and might be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Spatio-temporal characteristics of the novel coronavirus attention network and its influencing factors in China
Authors: Guo Xiaojia , Zhang Jing , Wu Xueling
Published: September 2021

The outbreak of a novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), wherein more than 200 million people have been infected and millions have died, poses a great threat to achieving the United Nations 2030 sustainable development goal (SDGs). Based on the Baidu index of ’novel coronavirus’, this paper analyses the spatial and temporal characteristics of and factors that influenced the attention network for COVID-19 from January 9, 2020, to April 15, 2020. The study found that (1) Temporally, the attention in the new coronavirus network showed an upward trend from January 9 to January 29, with the largest increase from January 23 to January 29 and a peak on January 29, and then a slow downward trend. The level of attention in the new coronavirus network was basically flat when comparing January 22 and March 4. (2) Spatially, first, from the perspective of regional differences, the network attention in the eastern and central regions decreased in turn. The network users in the eastern region exhibited the highest attention to the new coronavirus, especially in Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangsu and other provinces and cities. The network attention in Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Ningxia in the western region was the lowest in terms of the national network attention. Second, from the perspective of interprovincial differences, the attention in the new coronavirus network was highly consistent with the Hu Huanyong line of China’s population boundary. The east of the Hu Huanyong line is densely populated, and the network showed high concern, mostly ranking at the third to fifth levels. (3) The number of Internet users in the information technology field, the population, and the culture and age characteristics of individuals are important factors that influence the novel coronavirus attention network.
Functional in vitro assessment of modified antibodies: Impact of label on protein properties
Authors: Edelmann Martin R. , Hauri Simon
Published: September 2021

Labelling of therapeutic antibodies with radionuclides or fluorophores is routinely used to study their pharmacokinetic properties. A critical assumption in utilizing labelled therapeutic antibodies is that the label has no unfavourable effects on antibody charge, hydrophobicity, or receptor affinity. Ideally, the labelled protein should not have any significant deviations from the physiological properties of the original molecule. This article describes an established quality in vitro assessment workflow for labelled antibodies that ensures better prediction of changes in antibody pharmacokinetic (PK) properties after modifications. This analysis package considers degradation and aggregation analysis by size-exclusion chromatography, changes in neonatal-Fc-receptor (FcRn) affinity, and heparin interaction. FcRn binding is important for antibody recycling and half-life extension, whereas heparin affinity provides estimates on the rate of endocytosis through unspecific cell surface binding. Additionally, mass spectrometric analysis to determine the degree of labelling (DoL) completes the package and the combined analysis data allow to predict the label contribution to the PK properties of the modified antibody. This analytical strategy for labelling 11 IgGs has been investigated using 2 different IgG1 constructs and applying 7 different types of labels. Each labelling resulted in a change in the physicochemical properties of the protein. Not only can the DoL of modified IgGs lead to a change in protein properties, but the type of label also can. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the labelling process can also influence the behaviour of labelled mAbs. An identical label on different constructs of IgG1 can cause different affinities for FcRn and heparin. Considering the assessment data, only 6 of the 11 modified antibodies from this study can be recommended for subsequent experiments. In conclusion, a suitability assessment of labelled antibodies prior to any pharmacokinetic studies is essential to reduce cost, allocate resources and reduce the number of animal experiments during pre-clinical drug development.
Australia could miss the WHO hepatitis C virus elimination targets due to declining treatment uptake and ongoing burden of advanced liver disease complications
Authors: Kwon Jisoo A. , Dore Gregory J. , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Alavi Maryam , Valerio Heather , Grebely Jason , Guy Rebecca , Gray Richard T.
Published: September 2021

Australia was one of the first countries to introduce government-funded unrestricted access to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy, with 88,790 treated since March 2016. However, treatment uptake is declining which could potentially undermine Australia’s progress towards the WHO HCV elimination targets. Using mathematical modelling, we updated estimates for those living with chronic HCV in Australia, new cases of decompensated cirrhosis (DC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver-related mortality among the HCV-cured and viraemic populations from 2015 to 2030. We considered various DAA treatment scenarios incorporating annual treatment numbers to 2020, and subsequent uptake per year of 6,790 (pessimistic), 8,100 (intermediate), and 11,310 (optimistic). We incorporated the effects of excess alcohol consumption and reduction in progression to DC and HCC among cirrhosis-cured versus viraemic individuals. At the end of 2020, we estimated 117,810 Australians were living with chronic HCV. New cases per year of DC, HCC, and liver-related mortality among the HCV viraemic population decreased rapidly from 2015 (almost eliminated by 2030). In contrast, the growing population size of those cured with advanced liver disease meant DC, HCC, and liver-related mortality declined slowly. The estimated reduction in liver-related mortality from 2015 to 2030 in the combined HCV viraemic and cured population is 25% in the intermediate scenario. With declining HCV treatment uptake and ongoing individual-level risk of advanced liver disease complications, including among cirrhosis-cured individuals, Australia is unlikely to achieve all WHO HCV elimination targets by 2030.
Predictors for successful psychotherapy: Does migration status matter?
Authors: Kobel Friederike , Erim Yesim , Morawa Eva
Published: September 2021

Background

We investigated, if migration status, and additional sociodemographic and clinical factors, are associated with somatization and depressiveness at admission and with remission after inpatient psychotherapy.

Methods

Multiple linear and binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors for severity of somatoform and depressive symptoms at admission of inpatient psychotherapy (T0), and for remission after inpatient psychotherapy (T1). We tested the association between symptoms concerning somatization (PHQ-15: Patient-Health-Questionnaire Somatization Module) and depression (PHQ-9: Patient-Health-Questionnaire Depression Module) and several sociodemographic and clinical factors in 263 patients at admission. For remission after treatment, we additionally included severity of symptoms at admission, number of diagnoses and duration of treatment in the regression models. Remission after treatment was defined as response plus a post value of less than 10 points in the respective questionnaire. Clinical relevance was interpreted using effect sizes (regression coefficients, Odds Ratio (OR)) and Confidence Intervals (CI).

Findings

Significant and clinically relevant predictors for high symptom severity at T0 were lower education (β = -0.13, p = 0.04), pretreatment(s) (β = 0.205, p = 0.002) and migration status (β = 0.139, p = 0.023) for somatization, and potential clinically relevant predictors (|β|>0.1) for depression were living alone (β = -0.116, p = 0.083), pretreatment(s) (β = 0.118, p = 0.071) and migration status (β = 0.113, p = 0.069). At T1 patients with pretreatment(s) (OR = 0.284 [95% CI: 0.144, 0.560], p<0.001) and multiple diagnoses (OR = 0.678 [95% CI: 0.472, 0.973], p = 0.035) were significantly and clinically relevant less likely to show a remission of depressive symptoms. In addition, a potentially clinically meaningful effect of migration status on remission of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.562 [95% CI: 0.264, 1.198], p = 0.136) cannot be ruled out. For somatoform symptoms pretreatment(s) (OR = 0.403, [95% CI: 0.156, 1.041], p = 0.061) and education (OR = 1.603, [95% CI: 0.670, 3.839], p = 0.289) may be regarded as clinically relevant predictors for remission.

Conclusion

The results of our study suggest that migration status has a clinically relevant influence on severity of somatoform and depressive symptoms at admission. Clinical relevance of migration status can also be assumed regarding the remission of depression. Migration status and further factors affecting the effectiveness of the treatment should be analyzed in future research among larger samples with sufficient power to replicate these findings.
Does gender inequality matter for access to and utilization of maternal healthcare services in Bangladesh?
Authors: Ahmed Firoz , Oni Fahmida Akter , Hossen Sk. Sharafat
Published: September 2021

There is a high prevalence of gender gap in Bangladesh which might affect women’s likelihood to receive maternal healthcare services. In this backdrop, we aim to investigate how gender inequality measured by intrahousehold bargaining power (or autonomy) of women and their attitudes towards intimate partner violence (IPV) affects accessing and utilizing maternal health care services. We used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) data of 2014 covering 5460 women who gave birth at least one child in the last three years preceding the survey. We performed logistic regression to estimate the effect of women’s autonomy and their attitude towards IPV on access to and utilization of maternal healthcare services. Besides, we employed different channels to understand the heterogeneous effect of gender inequality on access to maternal healthcare services. We observed that women having autonomy positively influenced attaining five required antenatal care (ANC) services (AOR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.98–1.41) and women’s negative attitudes towards IPV were positively associated with five ANC services (AOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.02–1.97), sufficient ANC visits (COR: 1.55; CI: 1.19–2.01), skilled birth attendant (SBA) (AOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.05–1.94) and postnatal care (PNC) services (AOR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.12–1.84). Besides, rural residency, religion, household wealth, education of both women and husband were found to have some of the important channels which were making stronger effect of gender inequality on access to maternal healthcare services. The findings of our study indicate a significant association between access to maternal healthcare services and women’s autonomy as well as attitude towards IPV in Bangladesh. We, therefore, recommend to protect women from violence at home and mprove their intrahousehold bargaining power to increase their access to and utilization of required maternal healthcare services.
Cracking it - successful mRNA extraction for digital gene expression analysis from decalcified, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded bone tissue
Authors: Saraji Alireza , Offermann Anne , Stegmann-Frehse Janine , Hempel Katharina , Kang Duan , Krupar Rosemarie , Watermann Christian , Jonigk Danny , Kühnel Mark Philipp , Kirfel Jutta , Perner Sven , Sailer Verena
Published: September 2021

With the advance of precision medicine, the availability of tumor tissue for molecular analysis has become a limiting factor. This is particularly the case for bone metastases which are frequently occurring in cancer types such as prostate cancer. Due to the necessary decalcification process it was long thought that transcriptome analysis will not be feasible from decalcified formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (DFFPE) in a large manner. Here we demonstrate that mRNA extraction from DFFPE is feasible, quick, robust and reproducible and that decalcification does not hamper subsequent gene expression analysis. This might assist in implementing transcriptome analysis from DFFPE into every day practice.
Structural analysis of the GPI glycan
Authors: Nakano Miyako , Sabido-Bozo Susana , Okazaki Kouta , Aguilera-Romero Auxiliadora , Rodriguez-Gallardo Sofia , Cortes-Gomez Alejandro , Lopez Sergio , Ikeda Atsuko , Funato Kouichi , Muñiz Manuel
Published: September 2021

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins is an essential post-translational modification in all eukaryotes that occurs at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and serves to deliver GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) to the cell surface where they play a wide variety of vital physiological roles. This paper describes a specialized method for purification and structural analysis of the GPI glycan of individual GPI-APs in yeast. The protocol involves the expression of a specific GPI-AP tagged with GFP, enzymatic release from the cellular membrane fraction, immunopurification, separation by electrophoresis and analysis of the peptides bearing GPI glycans by mass spectrometry after trypsin digestion. We used specifically this protocol to address the structural remodeling that undergoes the GPI glycan of a specific GPI-AP during its transport to the cell surface. This method can be also applied to investigate the GPI-AP biosynthetic pathway and to directly confirm predicted GPI-anchoring of individual proteins.
Biogenesis of P-TEFb in CD4+ T cells to reverse HIV latency is mediated by protein kinase C (PKC)-independent signaling pathways
Authors: Mbonye Uri , Leskov Konstantin , Shukla Meenakshi , Valadkhan Saba , Karn Jonathan
Published: September 2021

The switch between HIV latency and productive transcription is regulated by an auto-feedback mechanism initiated by the viral trans-activator Tat, which functions to recruit the host transcription elongation factor P-TEFb to proviral HIV. A heterodimeric complex of CDK9 and one of three cyclin T subunits, P-TEFb is expressed at vanishingly low levels in resting memory CD4+T cells and cellular mechanisms controlling its availability are central to regulation of the emergence of HIV from latency. Using a well-characterized primary T-cell model of HIV latency alongside healthy donor memory CD4+T cells, we characterized specific T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways that regulate the generation of transcriptionally active P-TEFb, defined as the coordinate expression of cyclin T1 and phospho-Ser175 CDK9. Protein kinase C (PKC) agonists, such as ingenol and prostratin, stimulated active P-TEFb expression and reactivated latent HIV with minimal cytotoxicity, even in the absence of intracellular calcium mobilization with an ionophore. Unexpectedly, inhibition-based experiments demonstrated that PKC agonists and TCR-mobilized diacylglycerol signal through MAP kinases ERK1/2 rather than through PKC to effect the reactivation of both P-TEFb and latent HIV. Single-cell and bulk RNA-seq analyses revealed that of the four known isoforms of the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor RasGRP, RasGRP1 is by far the predominantly expressed diacylglycerol-dependent isoform in CD4+T cells. RasGRP1 should therefore mediate the activation of ERK1/2 via Ras-Raf signaling upon TCR co-stimulation or PKC agonist challenge. Combined inhibition of the PI3K-mTORC2-AKT-mTORC1 pathway and the ERK1/2 activator MEK prior to TCR co-stimulation abrogated active P-TEFb expression and substantially suppressed latent HIV reactivation. Therefore, contrary to prevailing models, the coordinate reactivation of P-TEFb and latent HIV in primary T cells following either TCR co-stimulation or PKC agonist challenge is independent of PKC but rather involves two complementary signaling arms of the TCR cascade, namely, RasGRP1-Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 and PI3K-mTORC2-AKT-mTORC1.
Identification of immune correlates of fatal outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Youngs Jonathan , Provine Nicholas M. , Lim Nicholas , Sharpe Hannah R. , Amini Ali , Chen Yi-Ling , Luo Jian , Edmans Matthew D. , Zacharopoulou Panagiota , Chen Wentao , Sampson Oliver , Paton Robert , Hurt William J. , Duncan David A. , McNaughton Anna L. , Miao Vincent N. , Leaver Susannah , Wyncoll Duncan L. A. , Ball Jonathan , Hopkins Philip ,   Oxford Immunology Network Covid-19 response T cell Consortium,   Oxford Protective T cell Immunology for COVID-19 (OPTIC) Clinical team, Skelly Donal T. , Barnes Eleanor , Dunachie Susanna , Ogg Graham , Lambe Teresa , Pavord Ian , Shalek Alex K. , Thompson Craig P. , Xue Luzheng , Macallan Derek C. , Goulder Philip , Klenerman Paul , Bicanic Tihana
Published: September 2021

Prior studies have demonstrated that immunologic dysfunction underpins severe illness in COVID-19 patients, but have lacked an in-depth analysis of the immunologic drivers of death in the most critically ill patients. We performed immunophenotyping of viral antigen-specific and unconventional T cell responses, neutralizing antibodies, and serum proteins in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, using influenza infection, SARS-CoV-2-convalescent health care workers, and healthy adults as controls. We identify mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell activation as an independent and significant predictor of death in COVID-19 (HR = 5.92, 95% CI = 2.49–14.1). MAIT cell activation correlates with several other mortality-associated immunologic measures including broad activation of CD8+ T cells and non-Vδ2 γδT cells, and elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines, including GM-CSF, CXCL10, CCL2, and IL-6. MAIT cell activation is also a predictor of disease severity in influenza (ECMO/death HR = 4.43, 95% CI = 1.08–18.2). Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals a shift from focused IFNα-driven signals in COVID-19 ICU patients who survive to broad pro-inflammatory responses in fatal COVID-19 –a feature not observed in severe influenza. We conclude that fatal COVID-19 infection is driven by uncoordinated inflammatory responses that drive a hierarchy of T cell activation, elements of which can serve as prognostic indicators and potential targets for immune intervention.
The Next Step: The California Cybersecurity Institute’s Anti-Trafficking Virtual Reality Immersion Training
Authors: Borrelli Danielle , Greer Benjamin Thomas
Published: September 2021

Digital gaming and virtual learning platforms have expanded the boundaries of experiential based anti-trafficking training. Virtual reality provides a technological mechanism for immersive storytelling through the simulation of a physical presence within an artefact using software and specialised hardware. The success of virtual-based immersive training is directly dependent on a series of factors, including realism, re-playability, and supplemental in-person training. This article describes the California Cybersecurity Institute’s anti-trafficking immersion training programme, which advances beyond awareness education to test law enforcement and first responder-specific skills and biases. This multi-layered programme looks to incorporate all concepts of ‘serious gaming’ within law enforcement and humanitarian communication.
Postcolonial Frameworks with Survivors’ Voices: Teaching about contemporary and historical forms of slavery and forced labour
Authors: Yea Sallie
Published: September 2021

Much of the information for educating students and the public about human trafficking only involves survivors’ direct experiences as brief excerpts from more complex and detailed narratives. In this paper, I draw on a postcolonial framework to argue that sidelining survivors’ voices can bolster anti-slavery stakeholders’ agendas by selectively using survivors’ narratives to illustrate narrow constructions of slavery and forced labour. As part of education and awareness efforts, such approaches to understanding slavery and forced labour also perpetuate stereotypes that trafficked persons are powerless and lack agency. Therefore, I present an alternative educational approach to remedy these tendencies by viewing and discussing narratives by, and about, trafficked persons. This paper uses a university-level humanities and social science subject on trafficking and slavery, and related assessment tasks, as a case study to demonstrate the potential of survivors’ voices in teaching about slavery.
Seasonal effect of milk yield and blood metabolites in relation to ketosis of dairy cows fed under a high ambient temperature
Authors: Thammacharoen Sumpun , Semsirmboon Sapon , Chanpongsang Somchai , Chaiyabutr Narongsak , Panyasomboonying Pawares , Khundamrongkul Paweenut , Puchongmart Peeravit , Wichachai Worapruch
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Metabolism and environment are closely related. Under high ambient temperature (HTa), dairy cows may have different energy metabolism during summer and winter. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of HTa on the milk yield and blood concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and glucose at the herd level. Materials and Methods: One large dairy farm in Thailand with more than 100 crossbred Holstein cows milked each month was selected. The first experiment was performed on non-lactating cows to determine the normal daily concentrations of blood BHBA and glucose. Under the HTa condition, there was no significant change in blood BHBA and glucose concentrations. The second experiment was performed using a prospective cohort clinical design to demonstrate the seasonal effect on milk yield and blood BHBA as an indication of energy metabolism at the herd level. Results: The temperature and humidity index for the winter (78.1±0.5) and summer (83.4±0.7) periods differ significantly. The average milk yield during the winter period was 17.8% higher than during the summer period. The reduction of body condition score (BCS) during early lactation was significant in the winter cows. Both higher milk yield and lower BCS in the winter cows suggested a state of negative energy balance. However, there was no difference in blood BHBA and glucose concentrations between winter and summer cows. The effect of HTa on insulin signaling appeared to be a counterbalancing factor for the ketogenic status. Based on the present results, it would be interesting to further investigate the incidence of subclinical and clinical ketosis in a dairy farm under tropical conditions. Conclusion: The present experiment revealed that HTa during summer decreased milk yield in dairy cows fed under tropical conditions. Higher milk yield in winter caused a greater reduction of BCS and suggested a greater negative energy balance. However, there was no seasonal effect on blood BHBA and glucose concentrations.
The Loss of Innocence: Catullan Intertexts in Vergil’s Eclogue 8 and the Camilla Episode of the Aeneid
Authors: Somfai Péter
Published: September 2021

In ancient Rome, some elements of the wedding ritual (e.g. the raptio or the defloration) could be associated with aggression and death. In Catullus 62 and 66 – two poems dealing with the topic of marriage –, these connotations get a special emphasis, in part due to the motif of cutting symbolizing violence and changing. In this paper, I examine the way the above mentioned poems constitute the background for the allusion to Medea in Vergil’s Eclogue 8 and the depiction of Camilla in Book 11 of the Aeneid. It will be of fundamental importance to observe the way aggressiveness – being a traditional characteristic of men – gets transferred to women, by means of intertextual connections.
Guilt and Atonement? Communal Disasters and the Creation of Hero-Cults in Ancient Greece
Authors: Unfricht Armin
Published: September 2021

In Greek Antiquity, communal suffering and misfortune was often interpreted as resulting from divine or supernatural ill-will. In some accounts, it is a wrathful heros who is the cause, and a cult has to be instituted in order to appease him and possibly gain a powerful ally. In this article, I focus on narratives where the hero receiving a cult in this fashion is a historical figure. Specifically, I analyze the different elements of these narratives in regards to how they characterize and frame the hero and his relationship towards his community, focusing especially on the function of the collective disasters and afflictions in these tales.
Different from Others? Jews as Slave Owners and Traders in the Persian and Hellenistic Periods
Authors: Olshanetsky Haggai , Escojido Yael
Published: September 2021

The subject of Jews as slave owners and traders throughout history received much greater attention in the last few decades. But there is no research that focuses on the Persian and Hellenistic periods and their relevant findings. This current article hopes to do exactly that. This article shows that Jews owned slaves and even traded them throughout the Persian period and during the Hellenistic period until the rise of the Hasmonean Kingdom. The slaves themselves were not only gentiles but also Jews, who received no special treat-ment from their co-religionists. Regarding the ownership of slaves, it was found that each Jewish owner treated his slaves differently, showing a huge gap between the biblical laws on the matter and the reality. The different texts and finds brought here are a testimony to the disregard of the Biblical laws on slaves, and the subsequent similarity between the Jews and their gentile neighbours in both ownership and trade of slaves.
Women’s Roles in Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn and Method of Teaching it at Pesantrens in Indonesia
Authors: Farida Umma , Kasdi Abdurrohman
Published: September 2021

The study examines the portrayal of women’s roles in the marriage from the Islamic classical book Iḥyā’‘Ulūm al-Dīn written by Abu Hamid al-Ghazali which is widely taught at Pesantrens in Central Java, Indonesia. The interpretation of this book has a significant impact on the thinking, mindset, personality, and attitudes of Pesantrens communities. This research first uses the library-based method, analyzing the literature on Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn and using the qualitative-interpretative approach in understanding the text regarding women’s roles in marriage. Secondly, the research examines how Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn is taught in three Pesantrens in Central Java. The result shows that al-Ghazali›s view of women in Iḥyā’ is different from his views before isolation. In Iḥyā’, the patriarchal language is sensed. The common use of al-Ghazali’s monumental work in Pesantren is in the Bandongan (teacher-centered) method without any criticism in teaching about women’s roles in marital relations. Even though Iḥyā’ is not the only source of imbalance of the roles of women and men in marriage, but it does contribute to it by becoming an unquestioned authoritative source on these contemporary issues in the Pesantrens. Therefore a methodical improvement in the learning process becomes a necessity by using the active learning strategies into active-Bandongan methods that can increase the activeness of the teaching and learning process carried out either by teachers or students to produce dynamic and contextual creative thoughts.  [Tulisan ini membahas gambaran peran perempuan dalam pernikahan berdasar kitab Ihya’ yang ditulis Abu Hamid al-Ghazali yang mana pengajarannya meluas hingga pesantren di Jawa Tengah. Penafsiran terhadap kitab ini berimplikasi pada pemikiran, sudut pandang, karakter dan sikap komunitas pesantren. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah studi literatur dan kualitatif interpretatif dalam pemahaman teks dalam kitab yang terkait tema peran perempuan dalam keluarga. Selain itu juga pengamatan pada tiga pesantren di Jawa Tengah yang mengajarkan kitab ini. Kesimpulan yang muncul adalah adanya pandangan dan bahasa al-Ghazali yang cenderung patriakal. Karya penting al-Ghazali yang banyak diterapkan di pesantren adalah metode bandongan, yang mana kurang mengapresiasi kritisme dalam melihat peran perempuan dalam hubungan perkawinan. Meskipun Ihya’ bukan satu-satunya sumber sumber referensi, tapi telah menjadi otoritatif yang tidak dipertanyakan lagi di dunia pesantren saat ini. Oleh karena itu pengembangan metode pengajaran menjadi penting dengan penggunaan strategi pembelajaran metode bandongan aktif, baik bagi guru dan murid untuk memproduksi dinamika dan pemikiran kreatif kontekstual.]
The Spread of Muslim Feminist Ideas in Indonesia: Before and After the Digital Era
Authors: Nurmila Nina
Published: September 2021

Internet has changed the way how knowledge is spread. This paper describes the spread of Muslim feminist ideas in Indonesia. It answers the questions of what constitute feminist ideas, how Muslim feminist ideas spread before and after the Digital Era and what challenges and opportunities provided by the internet that hinder and help the spread of these ideas. Muslim feminism has spread in Indonesia since the early 1990s through the translation of the works of non-Indonesian Muslim feminists such as Fatima Mernissi, Riffat Hassan, Asghar Ali Engineer and Amina Wadud. Since 2010, the increasing use of internet among Indonesians has made the spread of Muslim feminist ideas faster. However, it is challenging that conservative groups also mobilized the internet to oppose Muslim feminist ideas. Another challenge is that not all Indonesian Muslims have easy access to the internet and therefore Indonesian Muslim feminists still have to adopt various offline media such as seminars or radio to spread their ideas. [Internet telah mengubah cara penyebaran pengetahuan. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan penyebaran ide-ide feminis Muslim di Indonesia. Artikel ini akan menjawab pertanyaan tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan ide-ide feminis Muslim, bagaimana ide-ide feminis Muslim tersebar sebelum dan sesudah Era Digital dan tantangan serta kesempatan apa yang diberikan oleh internet yang menghalangi dan membantu penyebaran ide-ide ini. Feminis Muslim telah tersebar di Indonesia sejak awal tahun 1990-an melalui penerjemahan karya-karya Muslim feminis yang bukan dari Indonesia seperti Fatima Mernissi, Riffat Hassan, Asghar Ali Engineer dan Amina Wadud. Sejak tahun 2010, meningkatnya penggunaan internet dikalangan orang Indonesia telah membuat penyebaran ide-ide Muslim feminis lebih cepat. Akan tetapi, terdapat tantangan yaitu bahwa kelompok konservatif pun menggunakan internet untuk menentang ide-ide feminis Muslim. Tantangan lainnya adalah bahwa tidak semua Muslim Indonesia memiliki akses yang mudah terhadap internet, oleh karena itu para feminis Muslim Indonesia masih juga harus menggunakan berbagai media di luar jaringan seperti seminar atau radio untuk menyebarkan ide-ide mereka.]
DEVELOPING THEMATIC LEARNING MODULE BASED ON ETHNOSCIENCE ORIENTED OUTDOOR LEARNING STRATEGY TO IMPROVE STUDENT’S LEARNING OUTCOMES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Siswoyo Andika Adinanda
Published: September 2021

The difficulty of students to understand science concepts in thematic learning requires innovation of the appropriate teaching materials. Meanwhile, the existence of salt ponds around students can be used as oriented outdoor learning. Therefore, this study aims to develop ethnoscience-based thematic modules implemented through outdoor learning strategies. The subjects were 40 grade VI students at Public Elementary School (or called SDN) Padelegan Pamekasan with different academic abilities and gender. The test results of learning data validity and effectiveness of modules were obtained through observation sheet instruments and questionnaires. According to the results, (1) validity modules were in the valid category, based on assessment of material and learning design experts, (2) the module’s effectiveness is in the effective category. Therefore, it can be concluded that the module strategy is worth using and improving science understanding for thematic learning in elementary schools.
DEVELOPING “BEBERAN” GAME BOARD AS AN INNOVATIVE MEDIA TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILLS OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS OF ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
Authors: Khunaivi Herman
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to develop a “Beberan” game board as a practical, efficient, and innovative media to improve students’ speaking skills. It was carried out using the research and development method by applying Borg, Gall, and Sugiyono theories. Furthermore, it involved seven steps: analysis, designing product, preliminary test, experts’ judgments, product revisions, field test, and final product of media. A total of 30 students of the pre-service teacher study program of the Islamic elementary education, Al-Anwar Islamic College, were the subjects. The instruments used were observation, interview, and test. Based on the data obtained, the results showed that developing the “Beberan” game board as an innovative media improved students’ speaking skills at the beginner level. This improvement was observed in the result obtained from the pre-test and post-test scores, which increased from 67.867 to 72.133.
UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF SPUR DIMENSIONS REVIEWED BY THE TERMS OF GENDER DIFFERENCES AND ABILITY CATEGORIZED BY STUDENTS AT MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Yansa Hajra , Muniati Murniati , Nurrahmah Nurrahmah , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Fitriyani Ani
Published: September 2021

These gender differences and abilities categorized by students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah can understand the concept of SPUR dimension fractions (Skills, Property, Uses, and Representation) that is the focus of this study. Presently, it is to answer the study's neediness about gender differences in math performance recommended by the previous studies. To offer the novelty about the measurement of conceptual understanding in four dimensions because one dimension is not relevant to describe students' understanding comprehensively and deeply of mathematical concepts. This study was a qualitative descriptive that relies on the analysis of test participants' answers; it consists of three male students and three female students representing the high, medium, and low ability categories at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah of Indramayu Regency. The students' participant is determined by purposive sampling. The analysis of the test participants' answers demonstrated the ability to understand the concept of fractions in the SPUR dimension of equality between male and female students in the same ability category. However, the students at every level of ability to achieve a different dimension. Male and female students in the high category achieved the dimensions of skills and property. Male and female students in the medium and low categories achieved skills. High-ability students and the medium category experienced an integer bias error using the integer property infractions. They perform arithmetic operations in the numerator and denominator separately as if they were independent integers. For this reason, students need to develop an understanding of concepts, especially on the dimensions of fraction properties, applications, and their representations, without being influenced by gender stereotypes. This development of understanding can be done through SPUR dimensional exercises that avoid gender bias, and teachers establish communication mathematics teaching in the classroom to engage students in both men and women
ANALYSIS OF PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION, ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING FROM HOME STRATEGIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN PRIVATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Suwandayani Beti Istanti , Ekowati Dyah Worowirastri , Darmawan Sony , Haryono Ari Dwi
Published: September 2021

The impact of the COVID-19 virus is so significant. Efforts have been taken to handle the impacts on various fields, including in-field education. The Indonesian government has established three policies in education, one of which is learning from home. This article analyzes the planning, implementation, assessment of learning from home strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in private elementary schools. The research was conducted qualitatively, and the type of research was descriptive. The instruments of this research were interviews, indirect observations, and documentation studies. The research subjects were two principals, two teachers, two students, two guardians of students from each elementary school, i.e., Muhammadiyah 9 Elementary School and Bani Hasyim Islamic Elementary school, both in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Among the research subjects, the Principal of each school is the key informant in this study. The results of the analysis show that the lesson planning already includes the use of lesson plans. However, communication with students and parents is done through PANDAWA applications and daily learning scenarios, which contain materials, teaching materials, LKPD, and assessment questions. The implementation of learning is carried out synchronously and asynchronously. The learning assessment is conducted by sending questions using various applications such as Edmodo, Quilgo, Google Classroom, and the PANDAWA website. Various forms of innovation in learning services while learning from home are key parts in improving the quality of private elementary schools.
STEM-INTEGRATED PROJECT-BASED LEARNING (PJBL) MODEL AND LECTURE WITH EXPERIMENTS LEARNING MODEL: WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC LITERACY SKILLS OF ELEMENTARY TEACHER EDUCATION STUDENTS IN THESE LEARNING MODELS?
Authors: Wardani Duhita Savira , Wulandari Medita Ayu , Nurfurqon Faridillah Fahmi , Kurniawati Dian
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to determine the difference in students' scientific literacy skills between students who apply the PjBL model integrated STEM-assisted science literacy modules and students who apply lecture learning accompanied by experiments. The subjects of this study were 60 Elementary Teacher Education students who were divided into two classes at IKIP Siliwangi Bandung. This study used a comparative research method with a quantitative approach. The data collection method used was the scientific literacy skills test method. The test instrument in this study measured three scientific literacy competencies, namely the ability to explain scientific phenomena, evaluate and design scientific investigations, and interpret scientific data and evidence. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques and an Independent Sample T-Test. This study's results showed that the average scientific literacy ability of students who received the STEM-integrated PjBL model in this study was 83. The T-test of average students' scientific literacy ability showed that the PjBL model integrated STEM-assisted modules affected students' scientific literacy skills better than lecture learning accompanied by experiments. The recommendation of this study is further research to modify the STEM-integrated PjBL model assisted by this module to be more effective in improving students' ability to interpret scientific data and evidence.
Cataloguing Culture
Authors: Otto Kristin
Published: September 2021

This work is a book review considering the title Cataloguing Culture: Legacies of Colonialism in Museum Documentation by Hannah Turner.
Миграционные установки и предпочтения российских специалистов в контексте концепции человеческого капитала
Authors: Латова Наталия Валерьевна
Published: September 2021

На материалах общероссийского опроса 2017 г. анализируются миграционные установки и предпочтения российских специалистов, влияющих и на человеческий капитал самих работников, и на потенциал национального экономического развития. Делается вывод, что наблюдаемая в России существенная миграционная мотивация специалистов работает на сокращение «квалификационной ямы». Однако представления специалистов о направлениях миграции, напротив, ведут к углублению «ямы», причем вторая тенденция по своим последствиям намного сильнее первой. Столицецентричная модель социально-экономического развития страны приводит к однонаправленному (центробежному) внутристрановому потоку мигрантов-специалистов. Их не привлекают варианты переезда в поселения меньше крупного областного центра. Такая миграция предположительно является одной из причин уменьшения реального миграционного потока российских специалистов. В итоге все преимущества специалистов, отмечаемые в западной научной литературе (лучшая подготовленность к миграции, более широкий территориальный охват в поисках подходящего места, лучшее знание технологий эффективного подбора работы), в российской действительности если и дают им преимущества, то небольшие. В целом в современной России миграционный поток специалистов может повысить отдачи от ранее полученного человеческого капитала (при варианте переезда в столичные мегаполисы) на индивидуальном уровне, но скорее за счет дальнейшего углубления дисбалансов на рынке труда на национальном уровне.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-29-07172.
A Comparative Study of Regression Models and Meteorological Parameters to Estimate the Global Solar Radiation on a Horizontal Surface for Baghdad City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Ghezi Moafaq K.S. , Mahmoud Bashar K. , Alnasser Tamadher M.A , Chaichan Miqdam Tariq
Published: September 2021

In this study, data of the monthly average of daily global solar radiation falling on a horizontal surface, relative humidity, maximum temperature, and duration of sunshine for the city of Baghdad were collected through two sources. First, from the Iraqi Meteorological Authority (IMA) for a period extending from 1961 to 2016. The second is from NASA, for the period from 1984 to 2004. Then, four linear regression models, two single and two polynomials were formulated to calculate the values of the monthly average of daily global horizontal solar radiation (GHSR) incidents. The models calculated the monthly average of daily extraterrestrial radiation and day length, using some data provided by NASA and the IMA. To ensure the validity of the used models, a statistical test was performed for the performance of the proposed models, using the indicators mean bias Error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) as well as mean percentage error (MPE). The validation shows the relationship between the measured and computed values (through the analysis of the results), where a great convergence was found between the measured and calculated values. This means that the proposed models can be adapted to predict global solar radiation. The highest values of measured solar radiation were during the month of June, which were 28.555 and 27.280 MJ/m2/day from the IMA and NASA, respectively. The same applies to the radiation calculated using the four empirical models. The month of June was the highest in terms of solar radiation values. The radiation values were 28.947, 26.315, 29.699, and 26.716 MJ/m2/day for the first, second, third, and fourth models, respectively. The lowest values of measured and calculated radiation were during the month of December. Always, radiation measured by the IMA was greater than those of NASA, as well as the values of radiation calculated in the two IMA-based models were greater than the other two NSA-based models. In the absence of a method for measuring the diffuse and direct (beam) solar radiations, as well as the lack of such values by meteorological authorities, and its paramount importance, they were reported to mathematically calculate them in this study. The values of statistical indicators RMSE; MJ/m2/day, MBE; MJ/m2/day and MPE% were (0.4769, 0.0164, 0.2207), (0.8641, 0.1773, -0.9680), (0.6420, 0.3996, -1.1487), (0.9604, 0.218, -1.0225) for the first, second, third and fourth models, respectively. According to the results of the statistical test, it can be indicated that the single linear regression model, based on the IMA’s data (model No.1), is the most accurate to calculate global solar radiation for Baghdad City.
THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) MODEL OF PT INDANA IN JODIPAN TOURISM VILLAGE ‘’KAMPUNG WARNA WARNI’’
Authors: Amanda Tiara Estu , Agfianto Tomi
Published: September 2021

The implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Indonesia has not been fully implemented properly. It can see from the company's concern for the community and the environment affected by their business activities which are still considered exceptionally low. Meanwhile, the activities carried out are still philanthropic activities and do not pay attention to and fulfill the existing sustainability values. Therefore, it is essential to discuss the need for successful implementation models (best practices) in a company. One company that has succeeded in implementing CSR is PT INDANA in Kampung Warna-Warni (KWW) Jodipan Malang. GuysPro assisted this company in carrying out CSR in painting in a slum village, namely Jodipan. The impact of CSR implementation makes the village become a tourist attraction that tourist most visited when going to Malang City. This study discusses the CSR implementation model carried out by PT Indana and GuysPro in implementing this activity in Kampung Warna Warni (KWW) Jodipan, Malang. A descriptive-qualitative analysis is applied in interpreting the existing data. Meanwhile, data were obtained from field observations, in-depth interviews, and literature studies to support the research. The results obtained show that there are four stages in CSR activities carried out by PT INDANA. The four stages include the planning and implementation stages, the evaluation stage, and the reporting stage. The impact felt by the community from the CSR activities carried out is the emergence of the development of tourist attractions as a form of unexpected consequences, and the positive influence of the stakeholders involved can be felt. These stakeholders include PT INDANA, the GuysPro Group, the community, and the government as the regulator.