bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INSPEÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES HIGIENICOSSANITÁRIAS DE ALIMENTOS E BEBIDAS EM EVENTOS DE MASSA
Authors: Lira Carlos Rodrigo Nascimento de
Published: February 2023

Objetivou-se avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias na manipulação e comercialização de alimentos em eventos de massa. Assim, um estudo descritivo foi realizado em eventos de massa na cidade do Salvador, Bahia. As condições sanitárias na comercialização de alimentos foram avaliadas com um checklist para eventos de massa e os bares avaliados com instrumento desenvolvido para tal abordagem. A temperatura dos alimentos foi aferida com termômetro infravermelho. Para análise dos dados no IBM SPSS, a média e o desvio padrão foi realizado para avaliar a conformidade da temperatura dos alimentos, além da frequência simples e absoluta para as variáveis categóricas. Os eventos A (76,90%), B (100%) e C (100%) apresentaram condições regulares. Já o evento D esteve em 100% de insatisfação. Nenhum dos bares avaliados apresentou boas ou excelentes condições, sendo os bares dos eventos B (66,67%) e D (50%) os mais insatisfatórios. Os alimentos com melhores condições de temperatura da cadeia refrigerada foram batatas (12,15 ± 1,77), salgados (17,70 ± 0,85), sorvete (-5,80 ± 6,22) e suco de fruta (2,85 ± 2,33). Com os alimentos na cadeia aquecida, apenas o molho vermelho (63,05 ± 3,18) e o óleo das frituras (102,4 ± 3,68) atendiam a legislação. Portanto, maiores esforços devem ser estabelecidos pelos atores envolvidos para maior segurança na manipulação de alimentos e assim reduzir os riscos de infecção alimentar.
AVALIAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL DA TAXA DE RENOVAÇÃO DE AR DE UMA CASA DE INTERESSE SOCIAL EM PALMAS-TO UTILIZANDO O MÉTODO DO GÁS TRAÇADOR
Authors: De Padua Marcolini Murilo , Barreira Eva , Almeida Ricardo
Published: February 2023

A ventilação dos edifícios desempenha duas funções fundamentais: garante a entrada de ar fresco e limpo melhorando a qualidade do ar no interior dos edifícios e promove a retirada dos poluentes que se encontram no seu interior. Conhecer e quantificar a ventilação de um edifício é o primeiro passo para um correto controle e definição da sua estratégia de utilização mais adequada. Nesse contexto, a simulação computacional pode desempenhar um papel fundamental, permitindo estimar ganhos e perdas de temperatura interna, associados a cada estratégia, auxiliando o usuário e/ou projetista na escolha. A técnica mais comum para medir as taxas de ventilação assenta na utilização de um gás traçador. Neste trabalho mediram-se renovações horárias em uma casa de interesse social através do método do gás traçador e da técnica do declive. Para esse fim foram realizados cinco ensaios, permitindo avaliar a variabilidade dos resultados. Os resultados foram utilizados como dado de entrada num modelo de simulação com auxílio do EnergyPlus 8.6 e do DesignBuilder 5.5.2. O valor médio de renovações horárias obtido nos ensaios foi de 1,16 h-1, demonstrando que o aumento da taxa de renovação de ar na residência, principalmente no período noturno, contribui para mitigação do desconforto por sobreaquecimento.
Understanding the Relationship of the Human Bacteriome with COVID-19 Severity and Recovery
Authors: Zafar Hassan , Saier, Jr. Milton H.
Published: February 2023

The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged in 2019 in China and has resulted in millions of human morbidities and mortalities across the globe. It has been shown that this novel virus originated in animals, mutated, and made the cross-species jump to humans. At the time of this communication, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may be on way to an endemic form, however the threat of the virus is more for susceptible (older people and immunocompromised) people. The human body has more bacterial cells than its own, thus making us more bacterial than humans. As a consequence, the bacteriomes in the human body heavily influence human health and disease. The bacteriomes in the body and the immune system seem to be in constant association during bacterial and viral infections. In this review, we identify various bacterial spp. in major bacteriomes (oral, nasal, lung, and gut) of the body in healthy humans and compare them with dysbiotic bacteriomes of COVID-19 patients. We try to identify key bacterial spp. that have a positive effect on the functionality of the immune system and human health. These select bacterial spp. could be used as potential probiotics to counter or prevent COVID-19 infections. In addition, we try to identify key metabolites produced by probiotic bacterial spp. that could have potential anti-viral effects against SARS-CoV-2. These metabolites could be subject to future therapeutic trials to determine their anti-viral efficacy.
The Case For Including Neuroprotective Factors in Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Questionnaires
Authors: Reed Robert
Published: February 2023

Background: Demonstrate a theoretical and empirical justification for including potentially protective factors in Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob case-controlled studies alongside the almost exclusively studied risk-enhancing factors. Methods: Synthesize existing sCJD and Alzheimer's disease (AD) research to suggest the plausibility of shared neuroprotective factors. A fixed effects longitudinal analysis of 26 countries across 10 time periods examines whether factors identified to protect against AD are associated with population-level sCJD incidence rates. Results: Increased consumption of beans and nuts, both of which are thought to protect against AD risk, is associated with lower population level sCJD incidence. Conclusion: This study suggests that factors that protect against other neurodegenerative diseases might offer protection from sCJD. The low marginal burden of including protective factors in sCJD questionnaires offers a chance to better understand sCJD at little additional cost.
The Fundamental Policy of First Contact
Authors: King Ozzy
Published: February 2023

Should our planet be visited by an extraterrestrial civilization, the prevailing assumption would undoubtedly be that the extraterrestrial civilization is Type I i.e. its capacity for interstellar travel results from its technological development. This assumption is dangerous for it unnecessarily leads to the Extraterrestrial Tandem Hypothesis (ETH): the belief than an extraterrestrial civilization technologically capable of interstellar travel must also be technologically compatible with the inexorably rapid annihilation of life on Earth. Such a state of things would compromise the planet’s capacity to stage a confident defense should the extraterrestrials prove belligerent. The presumption of Type I extraterrestrials (on the premise of the capacity for interstellar travel alone) is unfounded as extraterrestrials may be Type II i.e. capable of interstellar travel by virtue of natural intrinsic or extrinsic factors. This paper advances, most importantly, that the fundamental policy of first contact should be the employment of various strategies toward the evaluation of the technological capacity of visiting extraterrestrials. This evaluation must be particularly devoted to the detection of Type II extraterrestrials masquerading as Type I (using concealment and Wizard of Oz strategies). Integral to this detection are the concepts of the precedence relation and The Extraterrestrial Exclusion Principle (EEP). A precedence relation is a qualitative relation expressing the relative difficulty of producing a technological action. The Extraterrestrial Exclusion Principle states that a Type I extraterrestrial life form is excluded from certain actions. Such actions are lower in precedence than interstellar travel and may be described as in violation of the EEP or EEP forbidden. EEP actions reveal extraterrestrials to be Type II. As an example, the value of the Hawking Warning is subjected to EEP analysis. Furthermore, a hypothetical conundrum in linguistics termed the Kryptonian Linguistic Paradox (KLP) is discussed as a case of an EEP forbidden act. Finally, the paper explores the limitations of the stated fundamental policy of first contact.
Hürriyet Gazetesi’ne Göre [1868-1870] Bulgar Sorunu
Authors: DEĞİRMENCİ Kevser
Published: February 2023

Osmanlı yenileşme hareketleri, Lale devri ile başlamış, III. Selim ve II. Mahmud ile hızlanmış ve 1839’da Gülhane Hatt-ı Hümâyunu ile zirveye çıkmıştır. Her ne kadar öncelikle hukukî bir metin olsa da Gülhane Hattı’nın siyasî, sosyal ve kültürel alanlarda birçok sonuçları ortaya çıkmıştır. Yenileşme, bu ferman ile âdeta hukukî bir nitelik kazanmış, bundan sonra devletin resmi politikası haline gelmiştir. Her biri devlet adamı ya da asker kimliğine de sahip olan Tanzimat aydınlarına düşen ise yenilikleri halka ulaştırmak ve böylece meşru bir zemin meydana getirmek olmuştur. Bu noktada en etkili unsur gazeteler ile piyes, roman ve şiir gibi edebî eserler olmuştur.

Resmi bir devlet gazetesi olarak yayın hayatına başlayan Takvîm-i Vekâyi’den sonra Türk gazeteciliği, Cerîde-i Havâdis ile yarı özel bir nitelik kazanmış ve ardından gelen diğer hususî gazeteler ile çeşitliliğini arttırmıştır. Bir kısmı sürgünde yaşayan Yeni Osmanlılar eliyle Londra, Cenevre ve Paris gibi Avrupa şehirlerinde neşredilen gazetelerin en etkili olanı hiç kuşkusuz Hürriyet gazetesidir. 1868 ile 1870 seneleri arasında 100 sayı olarak çıkarılan ve yazarları arasında Namık Kemal, Ziya Paşa ve Âli Suavi gibi önemli isimlerin bulunduğu Hürriyet’te en yoğun işlenen konulardan birisi de Şark Meselesi ve Devlet-i Âli’nin bu konuda izlediği dış politika olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Şark Meselesi’nin içinde telakki edilen Bulgar meselesinin Hürriyet’in sütunlarına nasıl yansıdığı ele alınacaktır.
Measures of Admission Immunocoagulopathy as an Indicator for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Johnson Samuel R. , Benvenuti Teresa , Nian Hui , Thomson Isaac P. , Baldwin Keith , Obremskey William T. , Schoenecker Jonathan G. , Moore-Lotridge Stephanie N.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly progressive infection with a high mortality rate. Pathogens evade the host containment and bactericidal mechanisms by hijacking the coagulation and inflammation signaling pathways, leading to their rapid dissemination, thrombosis, organ dysfunction, and death. This study examines the hypothesis that measures of immunocoagulopathy upon admission could aid in the identification of patients with necrotizing fasciitis at high risk for in-hospital mortality.

Methods:

Demographic data, infection characteristics, and laboratory values from 389 confirmed necrotizing fasciitis cases from a single institution were analyzed. A multivariable logistic regression model was built on admission immunocoagulopathy measures (absolute neutrophil, absolute lymphocyte, and platelet counts) and patient age to predict in-hospital mortality.

Results:

The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 19.8% for the 389 cases and 14.6% for the 261 cases with complete measures of immunocoagulopathy on admission. A multivariable logistic regression model indicated that platelet count was the most important predictor of mortality, followed by age and absolute neutrophil count. Greater age, higher neutrophil count, and lower platelet count led to significantly higher risk of mortality. The model discriminated well between survivors and non-survivors, with an overfitting-corrected C-index of 0.806.

Conclusions:

This study determined that measures of immunocoagulopathy and patient age at admission effectively prognosticated the in-hospital mortality risk of patients with necrotizing fasciitis. Given the accessibility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet count measurements determined from a simple complete blood-cell count with differential, future prospective studies examining the utility of these measures are warranted.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pengembangan Karakter Disiplin Siswa Melalui Kegiatan Esktrakurikuler Di SMK Texar Klari
Authors: Widiawati Erni , Susanto Erwin , Sanusi Aris Riswandi
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana bentuk kegiatan ekstrakurikuler paskibra yang dapat mengembangkan karakter disiplin siswa di SMK Texar Klari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah  guru pembina, pelatih dan siswa anggota ekstrakurikuler paskibra. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil dalam penelitian ini  adalah terdapat beberapa bentuk kegiatan diantranya yaitu latihan rutin peraturan baris-berbaris (PBB), melaksanakan apel masuk dan apel pulang sekolah, upacara bendera dengan latihan tata upacara bendera (TUB) yang baik dan benar, menjaga pintu gerbang sekolah untuk mengecek siswa yang datang terlambat. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk kegiatan ekstrakurikuler paskibra dapat menerapkan karakter disiplin siswa serta terbentuknya kedisiplinan siswa. Rekomendasi penelitian kepada sekolah sebagai pembuat kebijakan di harapkan untuk mengembangkan kedisiplinan siswa bukan hanya melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler saja, tetapi kegiatan lain harus di terapkan.
Narrative Policy Framework: The Role of Media Narratives on Alcohol Investment Policy in Indonesia
Authors: Habibie Dedi Kusuma , Kamil Muhammad , Kurniawan Danang , Salahudin  , Kulsum Umi
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran narasi kebijakan publik dalam merumuskan kebijakan investasi alkohol di Indonesia. Narasi publik berfungsi memberikan informasi secara kolektif terkait proses kebijakan dalam rangka merespon dukungan dan tuntutan. Studi ini melakukan studi Narrative Policy Framework terkait kebijakan investasi alkohol di Indonesia. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Q-DAS (Qualitative Data Analysis Software) dengan alat analisis software Nvivo Plus 12. Data penelitian adalah aktivitas media massa nasional dan media sosial Twitter yang ditentukan berdasarkan periode tertentu. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa respon naratif publik terhadap Kebijakan Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) Nomor 10 Tahun 2021 tentang Bidang Usaha Penanaman Modal mendapat tanggapan yang beragam dari masyarakat dan organisasi masyarakat. Dalam gerakan sosial melalui narasi kebijakan penolakan investasi miras di Indonesia, masyarakat terbagi menjadi kelompok-kelompok besar, antara lain Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat, (LSM), dan Oraganisasi Masyarakat (Ormas) keagamaan. Penolakan tersebut memiliki substansi naratif terkait dengan nilai-nilai yang menjadi dasar penolakan, diantaranya merusak moral anak bangsa, yaitu pemuda sebagai generasi penerus bangsa, dalam upaya membangun karakter bangsa (nation and character building) akibatnya, intensitas kejahatan di masyarakat akan meningkat. Selain itu, penolakan tersebut juga mendapat legitimasi yang kuat dari berbagai aktor yang membuat masyarakat ikut terlibat mendukung gerakan penolakan investasi miras.
BANK EFFICIENCY AND FINTECH-BASED INCLUSIVE FINANCE: EVIDENCE FROM DUAL BANKING SYSTEM
Authors: Banna Hasanul , Hassan M Kabir , Bataineh Hassan
Published: February 2023

This paper examines the relation between fintech-based inclusive finance and bank efficiency using annual unbalanced data of 318 banks from 7 dual-banking countries over the period of 2011 to 2020. It measures bank efficiency using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and then applies the Simar-Wilson bootstrapping regression to measure the influence of fintech-based financial inclusion on bank efficiency. From the efficiency measures, we note that Islamic banks are more efficient than their conventional counterparts. Our regression analysis indicates that fintech-based inclusive finance is positively related to bank efficiency, implying that greater implementation of digitally integrated financial system improves banking efficiency. Our findings are robust in alternative estimation methods. Our study provides some policy implications for policymakers, standard setters, and regulators.
Multimodal Evolution of Coal Permeability due to Interior Deformations within a Triple Porosity System
Authors: Shi R. , Elsworth D. , Wang X. M. , Shen J. , Liu J. S. , Wang Z. Z.
Published: February 2023

Measurements of coal permeability are normally analyzed without considering the interaction among microfracture and pore size distributions within the sample (control volume). Without this inclusion, nearly all permeability predictions are monomodal as reported in the literature. However, experimental observations are multimodal for most cases. In this study, we hypothesize that these discrepancies or mismatches between measurements and analytical predictions are due to the exclusion of the interaction among microfracture and pore size distributions within the sample (control volume). We report a first experimental study of triple-porosity interactions on a prismatic sample containing millimeter-scale fractures (Ⅰ) and micron- (Ⅱ) through nanometer-scale (Ⅲ) pores. Migration speeds of sorbing (e.g., CH4) gases are conditioned by the strain field, which is in turn conditioned by effective stresses and swelling strains. These distinct pore populations exhibit characteristic times for a time-staged equilibration of the strain field as multiple plateaus. This time-staged evolution of strain in turn delimits the evolving fracture permeability into a series of stages. The relatively high permeability of fractures and micropores defines a brief intermediate equilibrium permeability, after which the nanopore system controls the final permeability evolution. Our results indicate that the multimodal evolution of coal fracture permeability can be explained by the time-staged evolution of strain due to multiporosity interactions and could be defined by a time-staged equilibration of the strain fields as multiple plateaus.
The chiropractic care of pregnant women: a scoping review of the literature
Authors: Alcantara Joel , Whetten Ryan , Emmanuel Elizabeth , Grace Sandra , Myers Stephen
Published: February 2023

Background
Of the various practitioner-based alternative therapies, chiropractic is highly utilized by pregnant women to address mainly pregnancy related pelvic girdle pain and low back pain. Despite its popularity among pregnant women, no consolidation of the peer-reviewed literature on pregnancy chiropractic care has been performed. To address this deficit, we performed a scoping review to inform chiropractors and other healthcare professionals involved in perinatal care.
Methods
The literature review was conducted from 1978 to 2022 using PubMed, AMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, MANTIS and Index to Chiropractic Literature. The search terms were chiropractic, chiropractic care, chiropractic manipulation, pregnancy or pregnant or prenatal or antenatal or perinatal or maternal and related words. Inclusion criteria for our review were manuscripts: (1) involving pregnancy care within the scope of practice of chiropractic (i.e., spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) and/or adjunctive therapies) and (2) published in a peer-reviewed journal. Exclusion criteria were: (1) abstracts from conference proceedings, (2) dissertations for a Master or PhD degree, (3) letters to the Editor, (4) chapters in textbooks and (5) non-English language manuscripts. Natural Language Processing and K-means cluster analysis was applied to the eligible manuscripts to identify themes and deficits of the existing literature.
Results
A total of 127 manuscripts from 733 titles met inclusion criteria for review consisting of three randomized controlled trials, 18 cohort studies, one case control, 49 case reports, 13 case series, one qualitative study, 33 commentaries, 8 systematic reviews, and one best practice recommendations document. Four clusters were identified with manuscripts describing care of pregnant women with complex MSK presentations (Cluster 1), the care of pregnant women with simple MSK presentations (Cluster 2), the use of the Webster Technique (Cluster 3) and papers characterized by advocacy for the chiropractic care of pregnant women (Cluster 4).
Conclusions
Overall, there is a deficit in the literature on chiropractic pregnancy care. Studies characterizing the practitioner and patient perspective are lacking. We encourage continued research efforts on chiropractic pregnancy care to inform prenatal research, practice, education, and policy.
Remdesivir: Effectiveness and safety in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (ReEs-COVID19) - Analysis of data from daily practice
Authors: Pantazis Nikos , Pechlivanidou Evmorfia , Antoniadou Anastasia , Akinosoglou Karolina , Kalomenidis Ioannis , Poulakou Garyfallia , Milionis Haralampos , Panagopoulos Periklis , Katsarolis Ioannis , Kazakou Pinelopi , Dimakopoulou Vasiliki , Chaliasou Anna-Louiza , Rapti Vasiliki , Liontos Angelos , Petrakis Vasileios , Schinas Georgios , Biros Dimitrios , Rimpa Maria-Christina , Touloumi Giota
Published: February 2023

Background
Remdesivir was the first antiviral approved for COVID-19. We investigated its patterns of use, effectiveness and safety in clinical practice in Greece.
Methods
Retrospective observational study of hospitalized adults who received remdesivir for COVID-19 between 09/2020–02/2021. Main endpoints were time to recovery (hospital discharge within 30 days from admission) and safety. The “early” (remdesivir initiation within 2 days) and the “deferred” (remdesivir initiation > 2days after admission) groups were compared.
Results
1004 patients (60.6% male, mean age 61 years, 74.3% with severe disease, 70.9% with ≥1 comorbidities) were included, 75.9% of them on a 5-days regimen and 86.8% in the early group. Among those with baseline mild/moderate disease, median (95% CI) time to recovery was 8 (7–9) and 12 (11–14) days for the early and deferred group respectively (p < 0.001). Corresponding estimates for those with severe disease: 10 (9–10) and 13 (11–15) days, respectively (p = 0.028). After remdesivir initiation, increased serum transaminases and acute kidney injury were observed in 6.9% and 2.1%, respectively. Nine (0.9%) patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events.
Conclusions
Effectiveness of remdesivir was higher when taken within the first 2-days of admission regardless of disease severity. Remdesivir safety profile was similar to that described in clinical trials and other real-world cohorts.
Climate justice through climate finance? Australia’s approach to climate finance in the Pacific
Authors: Ledger Ellen , Klöck Carola
Published: February 2023

Pacific Island actors have long called for climate justice in the international climate regime, particularly in the form of financial support. While climate finance can be conceptualised as a mechanism of climate justice, the extent to which climate finance does indeed contribute to climate justice is contested. We explore these contestations by looking at Australia’s development programme in the Pacific between 2010 and 2019, examining both policy documents and climate finance flows to the Pacific. This analysis is conducted through a climate justice lens that we conceptualise as consisting of three dimensions: adequacy, additionality and predictability; balance between adaptation and mitigation and priority provision of adaptation finance to vulnerable recipients; and, donor coordination.

Our analysis shows that Australian public climate finance has not acted as a mechanism of climate justice in the period studied, even if does meet some criteria of climate justice. From a justice perspective, Australia has approached climate change inconsistently and at times incoherently across its development program in Pacific Island countries. These results provide important lessons for Australia’s approach going forward, under a new government and a new development policy framework.
Is Tourniquet Use Necessary for Arthroscopic Meniscal Repair
Authors: SU LINGBO , YAN LAIPENG , guo HUILING , LAN QING , SHU LIN , ZHENG JIANZHANG , TANG FAQIANG
Published: February 2023

Background
To determine the necessity of tourniquet use in arthroscopic meniscal repair by comparing outcomes including arthroscopic visibility, operative time, postoperative pain and subjective function of the knee joint.
Methods
This was a retrospective, single-centre, single-surgeon study. A total of 148 patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscal repair were allocated to the tourniquet group (n=82) or the nontourniquet group (n=66). The primary outcome measures were arthroscopic visibility and operative time. The secondary outcomes were postoperative pain measured by a visual analogue scale and subjective function of the knee joint measured by The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores.
Results
The 2 groups did not differ in terms of age, male‒female ratio, body mass index, or operative side. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding arthroscopic visibility and operative time. At 1 week postoperatively, the VAS score and Lysholm score of the nontourniquet group were better than those of the tourniquet group (P<0.05). The VAS score, Lysholm score, and IKDC score at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively were significantly improved compared to the preoperative status in both groups (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in these indexes between the two groups at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
Tourniquet use for arthroscopic meniscal repair does not affect primary outcome or secondary outcomes. Based on the results of the analysis, the use of a tourniquet is no longer advisable for routine arthroscopic meniscal repair.
Level of Evidence：LEVEL III
CAM-NAS: A Fast Model for Neural Architecture Search based on Class Activation Map
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Joe Inwhee
Published: February 2023

Artificial intelligence has developed rapidly in recent years. However, with the increasing complexity of AI models and the realistic requirements of AI multi-platform deployment, it is difficult for experts to design a specific network model structure for a specific platform. Neural architecture search (NAS) can be used to help experts discover new network structures. However, traditional NAS algorithms need to consume a lot of computing resources and computing time. In this paper, we propose a class activation map-based neural architecture search method (CAM-NAS) by avoiding the step of training sub-models from traditional NAS algorithms, thus greatly speeding up the search efficiency. On a single NVIDIA RTX3090 graphics card, CAM-NAS takes only 0.08 seconds to evaluate a single sub-model. This is orders of magnitude faster than traditional NAS algorithms. We conducted experiments on the cifar-10 and cifar-100 datasets and achieved 95.68\% and 75.94\% accuracy, respectively. CAM-NAS is the first algorithm to combine the interpretability method with NAS, which greatly inspires further exploration of the inner principles of deep learning models in the future.
Development of new methods to stimulate the production of antimicrobial peptides in the larvae of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens
Authors: Nakagawa Atsuyoshi , Sakamoto Takuma , Kanost Michael R. , Tabunoki Hiroko
Published: February 2023

The world population is projected to reach a staggering 9.8 billion people by the year 2050, placing pressure on our already precarious food security. The need to raise more livestock is unavoidable. The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) feeds on a variety of organic wastes. Therefore, H. illucens larvae have already been used as a partial substitute for fishmeal. In contrast, the use of antibiotics in livestock feed as a growth promoter and prophylaxis is endangering global health due to the threat of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, efforts are underway to find natural substances that can act as substitutes for antibiotics with similar weight gain effects. Insect antimicrobial peptides are defense molecules with distinct structural traits that enable permeation and disruption of target membranes. Here, we investigated various methods for stimulating synthesis of AMPs in H. illucens larvae. The activation of innate immune response pathways leading to the production of various types of AMPs upon thermal injury was also investigated. Although not using bacteria, the thermal treatment to elicit expression of AMP genes was similar to the infection by Gram-positive bacteria. Our findings might prove beneficial in the industrial use of black soldier flies to maintain livestock and improve environmental health.
Determination of Capecitabine and its Metabolites in Plasma of Egyptian Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Shams Sara , Samir Liza , Abdelmaksoud Sahar , Gad Mohamed Zakaria , Hanafi Rasha
Published: February 2023

The incidence of Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing worldwide. It has variable signs and symptoms starting from change in bowel habit to nausea and vomiting. Chemotherapeutic agents are often prescribed in CRC such as Capecitabine (CCB) and 5-Fluorouracil (FU). CCB is the prodrug of FU in oral dosage form, which makes it preferable by physicians, since no hospitalization is needed for drug administration. CCB is activated to FU in a 3-steps reaction producing 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (DFCR) (by carboxylesterase (CES) enzyme), then 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (DFUR) (by cytidine deaminase (CDD) enzyme) and finally FU (by thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) enzyme), the active form, which is later deactivated to give 5,6-dihydro-5-fluorouracil (DHFU). Different patients exhibit variable drug responses and adverse in response to CCB therapy, despite being treated by the same dose, which could be attributed tothe occurrence of different possible enzyme single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) along the activation and deactivation pathways of CCB. The most commonly occurring toxicities in CCB therapy are Hand-Foot syndrome and diarrhea. This study aims at developing and validating a new method for simultaneous determination of CCB and its metabolites by HPLC-UV, followed by a correlation study with the toxicities occurring during therapy, where predictions of toxicity could be based on metabolites level instead ofthe tedious process of genotyping. A new superior analytical method was optimized by a Quality by Design approach using DryLab® software achieving baseline resolution of the 6 analytes within the least possible gradient time of 10 min. The method also showed linearity (in a range from 1 to 500 µg/ml), accuracy, precision and robustness upon validation. LOD was found to be 3 ng/mL for DHFU and CCB, and 0.3 ng/mL for DFUR, DFCR and FU. The LOQ was found to be 10 ng/mL for DHFU and CCB, and 1 ng/mL for DFUR, DFCR and FU. Clinical results showed a positive correlation between the concentration of DFCR and mucositis and between the concentration of DFUR and Hand-Foot Syndrome, confirming that this technique could be used for predicting such toxicities.
Stoichiometry of litter decomposition under the effects of global change: A meta-analysis.
Authors: Casa Javier de la , Sardans Jordi , Galindo-Díaz Marta , Peñuelas Josep
Published: February 2023

The cycling of nutrients from plant litter has relevant implications on the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems by controlling the availability of nutrients and net primary production. The effects of global change have been widely studied for most aspects of ecosystem functioning, but the direct implications on the stoichiometry and nutrient dynamics of litter decomposition are still poorly understood. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine how warming, changes of water availability, and enrichments of N and P interfere with the immobilisation/mineralisation of nutrients and the stoichiometric relationships during litter decomposition. Our database consisted of 194 experiments from 43 studies that experimentally simulated (i) warming, (ii) drought, (iii) irrigation, (iv) N enrichment, (v) P enrichment, and (vi) combined N and P (N + P) enrichment. We compared the early stages (approximately half a year) and late stages (approximately one year) of decomposition; and the specific effects taking into account the climate, the species used and the ecosystem type. We explored the different effects of all treatments and highlight three of them. (i) Warming and nutrient enrichment induce a faster release of C during decomposition, prominent in grassland and coniferous forests of continental climates, and with a potential feedback loop to climate change. (ii) C:P and overall C:N ratios generally decreased in most of the scenarios of global change analyzed at short- and long-term during litter decomposition, while the N:P ratios are more resilient to change. (iii) P limitation might be exacerbated in in warming continental climates; arid environments experiencing droughts; temperate environments with increasing water availability; and temperate broadleaved forest experiencing N and P enrichment. Our results provide information about the fate of litter decomposition and its nutrient and stoichiometric dynamics in response to drivers of global change. However, further experimentation and analysis considering all interacting drivers are warranted.
MMP9 in Pan-Cancer and Computational Study to Screen MMP9 Inhibitors
Authors: Wu Bo , Wang Xinyu , Chen Chunzheng , Yang Qifan , Zhou Pengcheng , Lu Shiyuan , Lin Liangxin , Liu Yanwei , Li Ming , Zhu Dong
Published: February 2023

Purpose Stromal metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is a stromal cell protein associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and remodeling, which promotes tumor invasion and metastasis and regulates the activity of cell adhesion molecules and cytokines. This study aims to evaluate the MMP9 in pan-cancer and to screen out new major compounds and drug candidates that can inhibit MMP9.
Methods The pan-cancer dataset was downloaded from UCSC database. The MMP9 expression in pan-cancer was evaluated and the correlation of MMP9 with tumor microenvironment (TME), RNA Modification Genes and tumor mutation burden (TMB) in pan-cancer. Then, MMP9 crystal structures was download and a ligand-based pharmacophore model was constructed. machine learning model was also constructed for further screen. The identify compounds were pooled into Discovery Studio 4.5 for ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) and toxicity prediction. Molecular docking was performed using the Glide module of the Schrödinger kit to demonstrate the binding affinity and mechanism between compounds and MMP9. To assess whether the ligand-receptor complex is stable, Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Discovery Studio 4.5 was used.
Results The results of our pan-cancer analysis showed difference expression of MMP9 in tumor tissues. Prognostic analysis showed that higher MMP9 expression means both worse survival rate and tumor progression in GMBLGG, KIPAN, UVM, LGG, ACC, and LIHC. MMP9 expression in GMBLGG, KIPAN, UVM, LGG, ACC, and LIHC was significantly positively correlated with TME. After screened by ligand-based pharmacophore model and machine learning model, 49 small molecules were identified. ADME and toxicity prediction results indicated that CEMBL82047 and CEMBL381163 were identified as potential MMP9 inhibitor. CEMBL82047 and CEMBL381163 showed robust binding affinity with MMP9, and the complex can exist stably in the natural environment.
Conclusion CHEMBL82047 and CHEMBL381163 are ideal potential leading compounds for inhibiting MMP9. The findings of this study and these selected drug candidates have greatly contributed to the design and improvement of novel MMP9-targeted drugs.
Asymptotic Log-harnack Inequality for the 2d Stochastic Cahn-hilliard-navier-stokes System With Degenerate Noise
Authors: Medjo T. Tachim
Published: February 2023

In this article, we consider a Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes equations in a two dimensional bounded domain and examine some asymptotic behaviors of the strong solution. More precisely, we establish the asymptotic log-Harnack inequality for the transition semigroup associated with the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes system driven by an additive degenerate noise via the asymptotic coupling method. As consequences of the asymptotic log-Harnack inequality, we derive the gradient estimate, the asymptotic irreducibility, the asymptotic strong Feller property, the asymptotic heat kernel estimate and the ergodicity.
Mathematics Subject Classification. 35R60,35Q35,60H15,76M35,86A05.
Recent Change in Sea Level Along the Coast of New Zealand Using Tide Gauge and XTRACK Coastal Altimetry Data
Authors: Erkoç Muharrem Hilmi
Published: February 2023

The rise in sea level along the coasts of New Zealand has accelerated in recent decades due to the impact of climate change. Determining the effects of these changes on the coastal regions is critical for their sustainability. In order to gain insight into these impacts, the present study aimed to analyze sea level changes using satellite altimetry and tide gauge data from 11 tide gauge stations along the New Zealand coast between 1993 and 2022, as well as XTRACK data processed with the coastal altimetry approach to minimize the effects of classical altimetry near coasts. The least-squares parameter estimation method was used to analyze the data and determine annual and semi-annual seasonal effects. The results showed that the sea level trend is rising in both methods; for instance, 4.2 ± 0.6 mm/yr from the tide gauge data and 3.6 ± 0.8 mm/yr from the XTRACK data at the WELLINGTON HARBOUR tide gauge. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of closely monitoring the impacts of sea level rise on the coastal regions of New Zealand to ensure their long-term sustainability. The results also highlight the utility of using multiple data sources and methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of these changes.
18 F-PSMA-1007 and 18 F-FDG PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Liu Fucen , Jiang Yiyi , Li Boliang , Wang Yichao , Zhou Wenyao , Ruan Yashi , Wang Jiangping , Zhang Hao , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2023

Purpose To explore the value of 18F-PSMA-1007 and 18F-FDG PET/CT in prostate cancer （PCa） patients, this study compared the performance of the two tracers to detect PCa and then analyzed the correlation between the metabolic parameters and serum PSA value. Finally, we evaluated the application of both tracers in the auxiliary staging of PCa patients.
Methods Thirty patients diagnosed with PCa who underwent both 18F-PSMA-1007 and 18F-FDG PET/CT were enrolled. The detection rate, number, location of lesions, and metabolic parameters SUVs (SUVmax, SUVmean), PSMA-TV, MTV, TL-PSMA, TLG, and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) were recorded and compared. The correlation between metabolic parameters and serum PSA was analyzed. Finally, the differences and consistency of both tracers for the same patient’s NM stage and clinical stage were compared.
Results Patient analysis showed that 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT had a similar ability to identify the primary tumor and local recurrence (p=1.000) as 18F-FDG PET/CT but identified more patients with metastases (p=0.016), especially bone metastases (p=0.004). Lesion analysis showed that 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT identified more primary lesions, local recurrences, and metastases. It also had higher diagnostic efficacy for lymph nodes and bone metastases (both p<0.05). For lesions with positive uptake, the median SUVs and TBR of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT were significantly higher than 18F-FDG PET/CT (all p<0.05). The median PSMA-TV was higher than the median MTV. Still, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05), while the median TL-PSMA was significantly higher than the median TLG (p<0.05). Volume-based metabolic parameters PSMA-TV, TL-PSMA, MTV, and TLG, were significantly and positively correlated with PSA (all p<0.05). In contrast, SUVs and TBR for the primary tumor or local recurrence were not associated with PSA. 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT identified more M1 patients and higher clinical stage, and it had higher diagnostic efficacy than 18F-FDG PET/CT (p<0.05).
Conclusions 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT was a valuable imaging modality for PCa. It had better diagnostic efficacy, lesions detection, and a higher median value for metabolic parameters than 18F-FDG PET/CT. Volume-based metabolic parameters reflecting the total tumor burden were positively correlated with serum PSA levels. 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT had a higher clinical application value than 18F-FDG PET/CT for PCa patients.
Deep learning-driven automatic reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic networks
Authors: Liu Xiaoyi , Yang Hongpeng , Ai Chengwei , Ding Yijie , Tang Jijun , Guo Fei
Published: February 2023

Incomplete knowledge of metabolic processes impairs the accuracy of GEnome-scale Metabolic models (GEMs), hindering advancements in systems biology and metabolic engineering. To close this critical gap, we present CLOSEgaps, a machine learning-based algorithm that considers the hypergraph topology of metabolic networks and hypothetical reactions to predict missing reactions and identify gaps in GEMs. Extensive results show that CLOSEgaps accurately gap-filled metabolic networks, filling over 96% of artificially introduced gaps, and enhances the predictability of fermentation products in 24 wild-type GEMs. Furthermore, we integrate CLOSEgaps into a generalized workflow for automated metabolic network reconstruction, hereby named NICEgame, and found a notable improvement in producing four crucial metabolites (Lactate, Ethanol, Propionate, and Succinate) in two organisms. As a broadly applicable solution for any GEM or reaction, CLOSEgaps promises to enhance biotechnological and biomedical applications by improving GEM-based predictions and automating the NICEgame workflow.
Innate Immune Cells Activating Receptors Are Crucial Factors Regulating Inflammation and Cell Death in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zhou Xudong , He Jingjing , Yue Aochun , Song Huiping , Liu Xuhan , Han Wei , Li Qin
Published: February 2023

After traumatic brain injury (TBI), excessive or persisting inflammatory responses often lead to neuronal death and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. However, effective targeted drugs for this mechanism are lacking. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of neuroinflammatory response mechanisms and search for new therapeutic targets are particularly important for neurological function recovery after brain trauma. In this study, we collated and analyzed multiple RNA expression profiling microarray, bulk RNA high throughput sequencing and single-cell sequencing data. The results revealed that after TBI, there was an infiltration of innate immune cells into brain tissue, with a significantly higher proportion of macrophages in the cortex and hippocampus compared to the thalamus and hypothalamus. The inflammatory response was strongest within one week, then gradually decreased in the following month, and aggravated again three months later. After brain trauma, CD86, CCR5, PTPRC, ITGB2, FCGR2B, TLR2, and TYROBP were identified as the seven key nodes that trigger inflammation. Interestingly, all these proteins are activating receptors or cofactors on the surface of innate immune cells. Clustering analysis revealed that these immune activating receptors can collectively regulate the occurrence of TBI-induced cell death. Among them, ferroptosis, necrosis and apoptosis were most strongly correlated with these activating receptors, while autophagy was negatively correlated with them. In single-cell analysis, microglia, monocytes and dendritic cells were found to be the main subjects expressing these immune node genes. Cell-cell communication of chemokine-related pathways such as CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) and CC chemokine ligand (CCL) dominate the immune response after brain trauma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) are also involved in the process of inflammation.
The clinical-stage drug BTZ-043 accumulates in tuberculosis lesions and efficiently acts against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Treu Axel , Hölscher Christoph , Kokesch-Himmelreich Julia , Marwitz Franziska , Dreisbach Julia , Converse Paul , Tyagi Sandeep , Gerbach Sina , Gyr Luzia , Lemm Ann-Kathrin , Volz Johanna , Hölscher Alexandra , Heinrich Norbert , Kloss Florian , Nuermberger Eric , Schwudke Dominik , Hoelscher Michael , Römpp Andreas , Walter Kerstin
Published: February 2023

Centrally necrotizing granulomas that harbor Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are the hallmark of human tuberculosis (TB). New anti-TB therapies will need to effectively penetrate the cellular and necrotic, non-vascularized compartments of these lesions and reach sufficient concentrations to eliminate Mtb. BTZ‑043 is a novel antibiotic showing good bactericidal activity in humans in a phase IIa trial. Here, we report on the substantial efficacy of BTZ‑043 in the advanced pre-clinical model of interleukin-13-overexpressing mice, which mimic human TB pathology of pulmonary central granuloma necrosis. Accordingly, pulmonary BTZ‑043 concentrations were severalfold above the minimal inhibitory concentration in these mice. The detailed histological characterization of lung granulomas in combination with high resolution MALDI imaging revealed that BTZ‑043 diffuses and accumulates in the cellular compartment, and fully penetrates the necrotic center. In summary, this study is the first visualizing an efficient penetration, accumulation, and retention of a clinical-stage TB drug in human-like centrally necrotizing granulomas.
Subcontractor Networks and Affiliated Private Costs: Evidence forom Oklahoma Bridge Contracts
Authors: Press Robert
Published: February 2023

This paper offers a theoretical framework associating subcontractor networks in procurement auctions to affiliated costs among bidders. Building on the methodology by Li and Zhang (2010), we construct a model that allows for cost affiliation depending on firm-pair observables. The extension is used to test for entry affiliation caused by overlapping subcontractor networks in a sample of Oklahoma bridge building contracts from 2004 to 2016. The empirical analysis finds statistically significant evidence of affiliation, driven by subcontracting networks, affecting firms’ decisions to bid on projects.
JEL Codes: D44, D85, L14, H57
Analysis of elastoplastic solution of tunnel surrounding rock pressure considering intermediate principal stress and rock dilatancy under groundwater seepage
Authors: Yu Bingxin , Zhou Xiaojun , Zhang Yujin , Cai Pengli , Qiu Jutao , Zhou Hang
Published: February 2023

When calculating the surrounding rock pressure of a deep tunnel in watery strata, the effect of seepage pressure caused by ground water is usually underestimated, this occasionally results in poor tunnel lining design and durability. In order to study the interaction between surrounding rock and deep tunnel support under groundwater seepage, the intermediate principal stress is introduced in Drucker-Prager yield criterion, and non-associated flow rule is adopted as well as the dilatancy effect of surrounding rock is also considered. The elastoplastic pressure and deformation laws of surrounding rock and tunnel support at greater depth are analyzed using theoretical derivation and numerical simulation. In addition, the influence of the important parameters involved in the theoretical analysis on the plastic zone of surrounding rock is discussed. The results show that the analytical solution is strongly consistent with the results obtained from numerical simulation; Considering groundwater seepage, the calculation method in which intermediate principal stress is considered has a non-negligible influence on the elastoplastic solution of the surrounding rock pressure; Three important factors including permeability coefficient, internal friction angle as well as seepage pressure reduction factor play a dominant role in determining rock pressure and plastic zone around deep tunnel due to groundwater seepage. The work presented in the paper enriches the elastoplastic theory to analyze surrounding rock pressure applied to deep tunnel under seepage conditions in watery strata, and is beneficial to further explore the interaction between surrounding rock and tunnel support in water-rich strata.