bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Culture of Innovation in Women-Led Companies
Authors: Hernández-Chavarría Juana , Murillo Adriana Eréndira , Rojero-Jiménez Roberto , Mora-Holguín Henry
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to analyze the elements of the culture of innovation in womenled companies in the state of Durango, Mexico. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and non-experimental study was conducted. A convenience sample of 37 companies was selected, characterized as non-probabilistical and non-randomized, which allowed the sample to be constructed based on the accessibility and availability of the companies. The innovative culture was studied based on the analysis of four factors: 1) Intention to Innovate, 2) Infrastructure of the Innovation, 3) Influence of the Innovation and 4) Implementation of the Innovation. These factors encompass a total of seven dimensions that are structured into a total of 70 questions. The collected data was organized and entered into a database created in SPSS 25.0 software for statistical analysis. Tests of reliability, normality and validity of the data such as the Cronbach’s Alpha test, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Kruskal-Wallis analysis were applied. The main findings indicate that the most frequent factors are 1) Intention to Innovate, in the Organizational Constitution dimension and 2) Infrastructure of the Innovation, in the Organizational Learning dimension. On the other hand, the dimension with the least frequency was Propensity to Innovate, included within the Intention to Innovate factor. This suggests that the analyzed organizations prioritize the standardization of procedures and work methods over actions aimed at innovation. Since a culture of innovation requires the ability and actions to create or improve products and services, the women entrepreneurs surveyed had a lower propensity to innovate. This suggests they prioritize standardization of procedures and work practices over encouraging flexibility and openness to new ideas and human capital.
Entrepreneurship as an Alternative for the Labor Insertion of Trans People: A Case Study in the City of Tijuana
Authors: de la Cruz Grisdel , Fuentes Roberto , Flores Yadira , Mosqueda José
Published: February 2025

This document posits that inclusive social innovation can effectively drive sustainable regional development. Its primary goal is to assess the feasibility of a social business model designed to cultivate the entrepreneurial capabilities of transgender communities and foster their economic empowerment. The underlying assumption is that entrepreneurial training can significantly enhance the financial independence of these communities and, subsequently, their overall well-being. A case study conducted in Tijuana involved the analysis of 103 surveys from individuals who identify as transgender. The study’s key findings reveal that workplace discrimination significantly impedes their job prospects and tenure, compelling them to seek alternative sources of income. The respondents expressed a keen interest in entrepreneurship but emphasized the need for inclusive entrepreneurship training. These findings illuminate untapped opportunities for research, collaboration, and project development from an underexplored entrepreneurial standpoint.
Characterization of Cultural and Creative Industries: The Case of Tijuana-Ensenada, B.C.
Authors: León-Pozo Alicia , Cota-Cota Creta , Mellink-Méndez Sialia Karina , Peris-Ortiz Marta
Published: February 2025

Since the latter half of the 20th century, the concepts of cultural industry and creative economies have become increasingly prominent in specialized literature and its popular dissemination. Two reasons explain this: first, the role played by the intangibles of knowledge and creativity in these industries and the broader economy, and second, the importance of these industries for economic and social development in many regions. In Mexico, the last two decades have begun to see a cultural and creative pole emerge in the cities of Ensenada and Tijuana, in Baja California. First came the region’s wine industry, which boasts a history going back two centuries. This was later coupled with the development of local gastronomy, with Ensenada named UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy in 2015. Lastly, a substantial craft beer industry has become established in Baja California’s most populated areas, driven by the boom in the industry in California, USA. Thus, Ensenada-Tijuana has the potential to become a cultural and creative pole, but there is insufficient information available to estimate this potential. Mapping the CCIs in the region is therefore a considerable challenge. Against this backdrop, this research offers an initial situational analysis of the ecosystem of creative industries in Ensenada and Tijuana, Mexico, with a focus on youth inclusion processes. The industry mapping methodology proposed by Colombia’s National Consulting Center (CNC) (2019) was used as the basis to design a survey for young creatives, which included 15 items aimed at identifying the main areas of interest and the creative disciplines that young people are engaged in, as well as the challenges and opportunities they encounter in these industries. This project constitutes an initial characterization of the CCIs in the cities of Ensenada and Tijuana, classifying the young creatives in this ecosystem and identifying the primary economic activities in the sector.
Adipositas im Alter – Auswirkungen auf Kraft und -Funktion der
Skelettmuskulatur
Authors: Mutlu Mariam , Müller-Werdan Ursula , Norman Kristina
Published: February 2025

Die zentrale Bedeutung der Muskelmasse, -kraft und
-funktion im Alter ist eindeutig wissenschaftlich belegt. Die Frage, wie
sich eine Adipositas auf die Kraft und die Funktion der Skelettmuskulatur im
Alter auswirkt, wurde jedoch lange Zeit kaum systematisch untersucht.

Diese Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über Kohortenstudien
zum Zusammenhang von Adipositas mit Muskelkraft und -funktion und diskutiert
zugrundeliegende Ursachen wie Fettinfiltration, subklinische Inflammation
und mitochondriale Dysfunktion.

Kohortenstudien zeigen, dass Adipositas trotz Zunahme des
Muskelvolumens die Muskelkraft und -funktion im Alter negativ beeinflusst,
was zu Aktivitätseinschränkungen und einem höheren Risiko für Invalidität
führen kann. Neue Daten weisen darauf hin, dass Fettinfiltration im
Skelettmuskel mit geringerer Muskelqualität und Leistungsfähigkeit
assoziiert ist. Weitere Mechanismen wie subklinische Inflammation und
mitochondriale Dysfunktion tragen ebenfalls zur Verschlechterung der
Muskelkraft und -funktion im Alter bei.
Sind GLP-1-Rezeptor-Agonisten und SGLT2-Inhibitoren auch im höheren
Lebensalter geeignet?
Authors: Stüdemann Svea , Engeli Stefan
Published: February 2025

GLP-1-Rezeptor-Agonisten und SGLT2-Inhibitoren werden häufig verordnet, besonders
bei älteren Patient*innen. Unsere Recherche untersuchte die Repräsentation
dieser Gruppe in klinischen Prüfungen der Wirkstoffe Liraglutid, Dulaglutid,
Semaglutid, Tirzepatid, Dapagliflozin und Empagliflozin. Wir analysierten
Studien aus deutschen Fachinformationen, europäischen Assessment Reports und
ClinicalTrials.gov. In 46% der 104 Studien fehlten Angaben zum Anteil älterer
Menschen. Über 75-Jährige waren meist unterrepräsentiert, und Subgruppenanalysen
nach Alter wurden selten publiziert. Kardiovaskuläre Endpunktstudien und Studien
zu Herzinsuffizienz oder chronischer Nierenerkrankung zeigten eine stärkere
Repräsentation älterer Patient*innen und verglichen häufiger primäre Endpunkte
nach Altersgruppen. Verträglichkeitsdaten nach Altersgruppen finden sich
hauptsächlich in den EMA Assessment Reports. Viele Studien zeigten eine Zunahme
unerwünschter Ereignisse mit steigendem Alter, meist in allen Therapiearmen.
Insgesamt ist die Datenlage bei älteren Patient*innen limitiert. Unsere Analyse
fand keine signifikanten Unterschiede in Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der
Wirkstoffe zwischen den Altersgruppen.
Fitness statt Fatness: Im Alter hat ein Mehr an Muskel größere
Bedeutung als ein Weniger an Fett
Authors: Dorner Thomas E. , Rieder Anita
Published: February 2025

Mit steigendem Alter nimmt die Prävalenz von Adipositas, aber auch von
sarkopenischer Adipositas (einer relativen Adipositas, die vor allem durch eine
geringe Muskelmasse charakterisiert ist), zu. Während die gesundheitlichen
Auswirkungen durch Adipositas bei älteren und vor allem hochbetagten Menschen in
Bezug auf manche medizinische Outcomes kontrovers diskutiert werden, ist
sarkopenische Adipositas sehr eindeutig mit reduzierter Selbstständigkeit,
Einbußen der Lebensqualität, Pflegebedürftigkeit, Institutionalisierung, und
erhöhter Morbidität und Mortalität verbunden. Gut abgesicherte präventive
Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung dieser negativen Outcomes inkludieren vor allem
körperliches, muskelkräftigendes Training und eine proteinreiche,
kalorien-adäquate Ernährung.
Universitätsklinikum: Das kann der Apotheken-Neubau in Würzburg
Authors: Hofmann Lisa-Marie
Published: February 2025

Der Neubau der Klinikapotheke des Uniklinikums Würzburg ist eröffnet. 20 Millionen Euro haben der Freistaat Bayern und das Klinikum in hochmoderne Technik und die Zusammenlegung mehrerer Produktionen investiert.
Lean Hospital Pharmacy: Verbesserte Medikamentenversorgung durch lean-basierte Prozessoptimierung
Authors: Kriegel Johannes
Published: February 2025

Lean Hospital Pharmacy adaptiert Lean-Management-Prinzipien hinsichtlich der relevanten Abläufe und Prozesse in der Krankenhausapotheke sowie der klinischen Pharmazie. Ziel ist es, die Qualität der Medikamentenversorgung zu verbessern, die Effizienz der Ressourcennutzung zu steigern sowie mögliche Verschwendung zu reduzieren.
Buchtipp: Krankenhaus der Zukunft – Best Practices der Krankenhauslogistik im Jahr 2025
Authors: Bredehorn Thomas , Gerhardt Malin , Hintze Marcus , Kaczmarek Sylvia , Moll Beate , Müller Lukas , Raida Andrea , Rauch Christian , Wibbeling Sebastian
Published: February 2025

Die Krankenhauslandschaft ist geprägt vom Fachkräftemangel, Kosten- und Investitionsdruck sowie ökologischen Aspekten. Technologische Innovationen wie Digitalisierung und Robotik verändern die Strukturen und Prozesse. In einer zweiteiligen Serie werden ausgewählte Themen aus dem Buch „Das Krankenhaus der Zukunft“ vom Fraunhofer-Institut für Materialfluss und Logistik IML vorgestellt.
Hospital Logistics Flow: Digitale Transformation der Administration und Patientenversorgung
Authors: Kriegel Johannes
Published: February 2025

Digitale Transformation stellt eine zentrale Chance für die Gewährleistung einer umfassenden Krankenhausversorgung dar. Die stationäre Patientenversorgung erfordert daher einen verstärkten Technologieeinsatz, Human-Machine-Teaming und soziale Transformation. Mittels Technologie-Radar, Hospital Logistics und Information Flow Management lassen sich Ausgangssituation und Handlungsoptionen darstellen und umsetzen.
Beschaffungsprozesse: Einfach einkaufen: digitale Lösungen für das Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Dreier Tobias
Published: February 2025

In der digitalen Ära hat sich der Einkauf von Verbrauchsmaterialien grundlegend verändert – auch im Gesundheitswesen. Die zentrale Frage lautet heute nicht mehr „digital oder analog?“, sondern vielmehr: Welche digitale Lösung passt zu meinem Krankenhaus, meiner Rehaklinik oder meinem Pflegeheim?
Optimizing Wound Culture Ordering in Electronic Health Records: A Case Report
Authors: Hanna John J. , Weon Jenny L. , Kelton Kathryn , Haskell Ellis , Ramirez Mary J. , Greene Bonnie , Kouma Marcus , Storey Donald , Melton Shelby D. , Gray Toby , Scott William , Ortiz-Colberg Rafael , Truong David , Blaine James , Medford Richard J , Lehmann Christoph Ulrich , Devkota Bishnu , Hastings Jeffrey
Published: February 2025

Background: At a large quaternary health system, tissue specimens were frequently sent to the microbiology laboratory with an incorrect wound culture order meant for swab specimens due to poor electronic health record menu design. Wound cultures were also requested in chronic wound cases with a low index of suspicion for acute infection.
Objective: To present a case report on specific changes to the design of the electronic test menu that resulted in higher numbers of appropriate ordering practices.
Methods: "Wound Culture" test was renamed to "Wound Swab Culture" to distinguish from tissue specimens and "Tissue Culture" was added as a new available quick order in the microbiology menu alongside the existing wound culture quick order. In addition, a diagnostic questionnaire was added to "Wound Swab Culture" quick orders that inquired about the presence of pus/exudate and erythema and if the wound was a surgical wound to guide and assess the appropriateness of the culture order.
Results: The number of tissue specimens erroneously submitted with a wound culture order decreased from 6.6% in July 2022 (pre-intervention) to 0% in July 2023 (post-intervention). The diagnostic questionnaire was utilized in 27.5% of wound culture orders. In 6 out of 98 orders (6.1%) the wound was not surgical and there was absence of pus/exudate and erythema (p = 0.038). Conversely, 92 out of 98 orders (93.9%) had at least one “Yes” response. Total numbers of tests six months before and after the test menu design interventions showed that tissue culture orders increased from 228 prior to the intervention to 349 post-intervention. Wound culture orders decreased from 575 to 460 (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Our case report underscores how targeted electronic health record optimization can be associated with more appropriate microbiology test ordering practices for potential wound infections.
Association between induction start time and labor duration in nulliparous women undergoing elective induction of labor
Authors: Facco Francesca Lucia , MacPherson Cora , Reddy Uma , Tita Alan , Silver Robert M , El-Sayed Yasser , Wapner Ronald , Rouse Dwight J. , Saade George , Thorp John M , Chauhan Suneet P , Costantine Maged M , Chien Edward , Heyborne Kent , Srinivas Sindhu K , Swamy Geeta K , Grobman William A
Published: February 2025

Objective: To examine the association between elective induction of labor (EIOL) start time and labor duration among nulliparous women
Methods: The ARRIVE trial was a multi-center randomized controlled trial of induction of labor at 39 weeks 0 days to 39 weeks 4 days versus expectant management in low-risk nulliparous women. In this secondary analysis, we included participants randomized to the induction group who had an EIOL without spontaneous labor or rupture of membranes prior to the induction start. Start time of EIOL was categorized as: early AM (midnight to 5:59 AM), late AM (6 AM-11:59 AM), early PM (noon-5:59 PM), or late PM (6 PM-11:59 PM). The primary outcome was labor duration. Cesarean delivery rates by induction start time were also examined. Multivariable analysis was conducted controlling for age, body mass index, insurance status, and modified Bishop score on admission (< 5 or ≥5).
Results: Of 3,062 women randomized to EIOL, 2,197 were included in this analysis. EIOL occurred in the early AM in 13%, in late AM in 28%, in early PM in 13%, and in late PM in 45%. Participants induced in the late AM had the shortest mean labor durations (21.5 ±11.3 hours) and the highest frequency of delivery at < 24 hours (68%). In adjusted analyses, induction in the late AM (vs. grouped other time periods) remained significantly associated with shorter labor duration (-1.5 hrs, 95% CI -2.5, -0.4, p=0.006), and there was no interaction between Bishop score and time of EIOL. Cesarean delivery rates did not differ by start time.
Conclusions: Induction of labor starting between 6AM and 11:59 AM was associated with shorter labor durations, independent of baseline maternal characteristics including cervical status on admission.
Risk Factors, Trends, and Outcomes Associated with Rural Delivery Hospitalizations Complicated by Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Carmack Mary M , Agarwal Joel , Wen Timothy , Huang Yongmei , Friedman Alexander Michael
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) may account for a considerable and growing clinical burden at rural hospitals which have been providing fewer obstetric services over the past two decades. The objectives of this analysis were to evaluate trends, risk factors, and outcomes associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) during delivery hospitalizations at rural hospitals in the United States.

STUDY DESIGN: The 2000-2020 National Inpatient Sample was used for this repeated-cross sectional analysis. Delivery hospitalizations at rural hospitals to women 15-54 years of age with and without HDP (including preeclampsia and gestational hypertension) were identified. Trends in HDP were characterized with joinpoint regression and estimated as the average annual percent change (AAPC) with 95% CIs. The associations between (i) HDP risk factors and HDP and (ii) HDP and adverse maternal outcomes were estimated with adjusted logistic regression models.

RESULTS:
Among 8,885,683 deliveries that occurred at rural hospitals, the proportion with a HDP diagnosis increased significantly from 6.0% in 2000 to 11.1% in 2020 (AAPC 3.1%, 95% CI 2.8%, 3.4%). Preeclampsia with severe features (AAPC 5.5%, 95% CI 4.8%, 6.2%) and superimposed preeclampsia (AAPC 6.5%, 95% CI 5.6%, 7.5%) underwent the largest relative increases over the study period. Obesity, pregestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, multiple gestation, and chronic kidney disease were all associated with increased adjusted odds of HDP. HDP diagnoses were significant associated with severe maternal morbidity (SMM), transfusion, stroke, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The proportion of overall delivery SMM associated with HDP more than doubled from 11.3% in 2000 to 24.7% of 2020.

CONCLUSION:
Among delivery hospitalizations at rural hospitals, HDP and associated risk factors increased significantly over the study period. Deliveries with HDP accounted for an increasing proportion of population-level SMM. HDP is a major, growing contributor to maternal risk and adverse outcomes during deliveries at rural hospitals.
More on FGR
Authors: Nadel Allan
Published: February 2025

N/A
Mechanochemically driven radical nitration of electron-rich ortho- and para- di- a trialkoxy arenes using iron (III) nitrate
Authors: Andrejčák Samuel , Dudáš Peter , Majek Michal
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a sustainable mechanochemical approach for the nitration of electron-rich ortho- and para- di- and trialkoxy arenes using iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O) as a source of nitro radicals. Conventional nitration methods require harsh conditions and hazardous reagents, limiting their application. Herein, mechanochemical activation offers a rapid and efficient alternative with minimal solvent and reduced reaction time. The screening identified Fe(NO₃)₃ as the most effective nitrating agent, with successful application in a variety of ortho- and para- di- and trialkoxy arenes while maintaining high regioselectivity. The scalability and environmental benefits of the method underscore its potential in organic synthesis, advancing a practical, green protocol for radical aromatic nitration
A mini review on the morpholine ring containing UDFDA approved drugs: A medicinal chemistry-based analysis from 2013-23
Authors: Goel Kapil Kumar , Singhal Peeush , Sathish Elagandhula , Arockia Babu M. , Pandey Sarvesh Kumar , Tyagi Yogita , Kumar Roshan , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Puri Sarthak
Published: February 2025

Heterocyclic scaffolds, especially oxazines, constitute a significant component of clinically pertinent pharmaceuticals. Morpholine enhances the solubility, bioavailability, and metabolic stability of drug molecules because of its structural feature that gives optimum basicity (pKa ~8.7), hydrogen bonding, and an electron-deficient ring system. Apart from structural features, morpholine ring systems in drug molecules improved their pharmacokinetic profiles also. It provides optimum lipid solubility as well as aqueous solubility. As a bioisosteric replacement unit for Piperazine, piperidine, etc, the morpholine ring provides optimum basicity and lipophilicity. We have examined USFDA-approved small-molecule drugs (2012–2023) incorporating morpholine as core ring structures. The analysis identified 14 drugs approved in the past decade that contain morpholine ring systems, with 50% classified as anticancer agents. The CYP3A4 enzyme was identified as the main driver for the metabolism of these drugs, with the majority being excreted via feces. Three morpholine-containing drugs were identified as possessing chiral centers, taking into account stereochemical aspects. In addition to covering drugs with morpholine rings, the perspective offers a comprehensive analysis utilizing molecular descriptors, chemical space parameters, and commentary on these medications' pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects.
How to effectively improve supply-demand balance in the photovoltaic modules industry: A combined system dynamics and generalized Bass diffusion model approach
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Qin , Zhou Dequn
Published: February 2025

Under the energy transition, application market and manufacturing sector both have promising development prospects in China photovoltaic industry. However, the supply-demand imbalance causes a lot of problems. Based on system dynamics and generalized Bass diffusion model, this paper constructs a market demand forecast model and a capacity supply forecast model for China photovoltaic modules industry and then assess the issue of supply-demand balance. The results indicate that (1) The future market demand for China photovoltaic modules industry will exhibit cyclical fluctuations. Before 2060, there will be two peak periods, one in 2035 and another in 2058, with a trough in 2043. Moreover, the future export market will mainly be concentrated in European. (2) By 2060, the production capacity in China photovoltaic modules industry will reach around 860 GW. On the whole, the supply-demand imbalance will remain. (3) Under the single measure, the supply-side measure has a better alleviating effect, while the demand-side measure has a relatively limited effect. Under the combined measure, some measures, such as increasing the domestic photovoltaic power target by 20% while setting a 15% capacity elimination, can achieve synergistic effects where 1 + 1 > 2.
Tracking spin flip-flop dynamics of surface molecules with quantum dissipation theory
Authors: Ding Xu , Cao Jiaan , Zheng Xiao , Ye Lyuzhou
Published: February 2025

The integration of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and electron spin resonance spectroscopy with voltage pulses is an emerging technique to probe the local spin dynamics of surface-adsorbed molecules. However, in experiments, the detection of real-time spin dynamics is severely hampered by the limited temporal resolution of STM electronics, and the associated theoretical investigations are still in their early stages due to various challenges in numerical simulations. In this work, we employ the highly accurate hierarchical equations of motion method to characterize the spin states and track the real-time coherent flip-flop spin dynamics in a surface-adsorbed hydrogenated Ti dimer. Our simulations accurately reproduce the experimental observations and reveal the influences of substrate and pulse duration on the spin decoherence process of the dimer. These achievements provide valuable insights into the coherent spin dynamics of surface-adsorbed molecules and set the stage for the application of surface-adsorbed molecular spins to quantum sensing, quantum information processing, and quantum computing.
Molecular patterns of matrix protein 1 (M1): A strong predictor of adaptive evolution in H9N2 avian influenza viruses
Authors: Zhu Yanting , Cong Yulin , Sun Yixue , Sheng Shouzhi , Liu Chang , Jiang Jianfeng , Li Siqi , Zhang Pengju , Gao Chao , Zhao Jinghui , Cong Yanlong
Published: February 2025

The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) emerges as a significant member of the influenza A virus family. However, the varying degrees of epidemiological dominance among different lineages or clades of H9N2 AIVs have not been fully clarified. The matrix protein M1, a key structural component of the virion, plays a crucial role in maintaining the viral structure and lifecycle. To elucidate the intrinsic relationship between the genetic patterns of M1 and the adaptive dynamics of H9N2 AIVs, this study focused on the five major evolutionary patterns of M1 and conducted in vitro and in vivo investigations from the perspectives of vRNP release after viral uncoating, polymerase activity, mRNA and vRNA levels, the nuclear export of vRNPs, plasma membrane–binding capacity, proliferation capacity, growth competitiveness, and transmission potential. The results revealed a strong correlation between the epidemiological dominance of H9N2 AIVs and the specific patterns of M1, with M1
P5
standing out as particularly significant. This finding highlights the pivotal influence of the M1 gene patterns on the replication and transmission dynamics of H9N2 AIVs, thereby offering valuable insights into the mechanisms driving differences in adaptive evolution and shifts in epidemiological dominance within the H9N2 AIV population.
A degenerate telomerase RNA directs telomeric DNA synthesis in lepidopteran insects
Authors: Chou Yu-Shu , Logeswaran Dhenugen , Chow Chi-Nga , L. Dunn Phoebe , Podlevsky Joshua D. , Liu Tianxiang , Akhter Khadiza , Chen Julian J.-L.
Published: February 2025

Telomerase elongates telomeres to maintain chromosome stability in most eukaryotes. Despite extensive studies across eukaryotic kingdoms, the telomerase holoenzyme in arthropods remains poorly understood. In this study, we purify the telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex from the lepidopteran insect
Spodoptera frugiperda
(fall armyworm) and identify a copurified 135-nucleotide telomerase RNA (TR) component. This miniature
S. frugiperda
TR (sfTR), the smallest TR known to date, retains a universal pseudoknot structure and a structurally defined template. Despite its small size, sfTR assembles with the recombinant
S. frugiperda
telomerase reverse transcriptase (sfTERT) protein in vivo to reconstitute telomerase activity for the synthesis of insect telomeric DNA repeats (TTAGG)n. The sfTR gene, like other animal TR genes, features an snRNA-type RNA polymerase II promoter. Uniquely, the sfTR transcript harbors a 5′-7-methylguanosine (M
7
G) cap, as opposed to the more typical snRNA-type 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap. The difference in 5′-cap is likely because sfTR lacks the H/ACA snoRNA biogenesis domain necessary for cap hypermethylation. Moreover, sfTR also lacks the CR4/5 regulatory domain that is indispensable in vertebrate TRs for telomerase activity. This degenerate sfTR complements an enigmatic sfTERT that is missing certain telomerase-specific elements yet catalytically active in the absence of sfTR. Thus, insects have evolved a simplified telomerase, consisting of a small noncoding RNA that retains only minimal attributes essential for telomerase function. The simplified insect telomerase demonstrates a plausible evolutionary pathway for the emergence of telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex, arising from an ancient reverse transcriptase associated with a simple templating RNA component in early eukaryotes.
Identifying freemartins using qualitative and quantitative PCR of the SRY gene in cattle and water buffalo species
Authors: Maylem Excel Rio S. , Dela Cruz Yujiner C. , Paraguas Alexander M. , Reyes Melinda N. , Herrera Jesus Rommel V. , Flores Ester B.
Published: February 2025

Freemartin is a disorder where physical and hormonal characteristics from a male fetus are transferred to a female fetus through the placental anastomosis. This causes the female twin to be mostly infertile, leading farmers to cull them due to the lack of a reliable diagnostic approach, causing economic and genetic losses. The study aims to develop an accurate diagnostic tool to identify freemartinism using comparative assessment of the SRY gene through qualitative (PCR) and quantitative (qPCR) methods and relate to their consequent fertility status. Blood samples from suspected freemartins were collected, and DNA and RNA were extracted and analyzed to verify freemartinism using the SRY gene. The results show that PCR and qPCR techniques can identify freemartinism cases using the SRY gene. Using PCR, the SRY gene was absent in fertile freemartin, and non-fertile freemartin and freemartin singleton were positive with SRY. qPCR showed that the relative content of SRY was 4.84–48% more in freemartins than in co-twin males and undetected in fertile freemartins. The small yet detectable amount of the SRY gene in the freemartin samples explains possible chimerism, contamination of male hormones, and underdevelopment of gonads and reproductive tracts, which could cause infertility in animals. Therefore, this developed method for detecting freemartinism can help farmers make informed decisions regarding breeding practices to optimize fertility and productivity in their herds.
A sensitivity curve approach to tuning a pulsar timing array in the detection era
Authors: Baier Jeremy G , Hazboun Jeffrey , Romano Joseph
Published: February 2025

As pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) transition into the detection era of the stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB), it is important for PTA collaborations to review and possibly revise their observing campaigns. The detection of a “single source” would be a boon for gravitational astrophysics, as such a source would emit gravitational waves for millions of years in the PTA frequency band. Here we present generic methods for studying the effects of various observational strategies, taking advantage of detector sensitivity curves, i.e., noise-averaged, frequency-domain detection statistics. The statistical basis for these methods is presented along with myriad examples of how to tune a detector towards single, deterministic signals or a stochastic background. We demonstrate that trading observations of the worst pulsars for high cadence campaigns on the best pulsars increases sensitivity to single sources at high frequencies while hedging losses in GWB and single source sensitivity at low frequencies. We also find that sky-targeted observing campaigns yield minimal sensitivity improvements compared with other PTA tuning options. Lastly, we show the importance of the uncorrelated half of the GWB, i.e. the pulsar-term, as an increasingly prominent sources of noise and show the impact of this emerging noise source on various PTA configurations.
Interface perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in heterostructures consisting of CoFeB and conductive rock-salt Li-Ti-O
Authors: Koizumi Hiroki , Wen Zhenchao , Uzuhashi Jun , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , SUKEGAWA Hiroaki , Mitani Seiji
Published: February 2025

We investigated interface perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in magnetic heterostructures consisting of ferromagnetic metal CoFeB and conductive rock-salt Li-Ti-O (LTO) layers, which can be classified into an unconventional group different from metallic multilayers and tunnel junctions. The rock-salt structure was confirmed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction for the 5 nm thick LTO layers epitaxially grown on a MgO(001) buffer layer. Interface PMA was clearly observed for the LTO/CoFeB heterostructures with post-annealing above 250˚C, and the effective PMA energy density reached 1.18 Merg/cm3 with post-annealing at 300˚C. The LTO layer thickness dependence of the resistance area product and tunnel magnetoresistance showed a clear difference in transport properties between the present LTO/CoFeB and the conventional MgO/CoFeB heterostructures, as evidence for the electrical conductivity of LTO in the LTO/CoFeB heterostructure. The conductive LTO can be used as a new building block for a PMA heterostructure for spintronic devices.
Neutral atom quantum computers for the applications in condensed matter physics
Authors: . Shweta , Kaur Inderpreet , Singh Neha , Kanjilal Suranita , Santra Bodhaditya
Published: February 2025

Quantum computers have the potential to solve problems that are difficult or impossible to address using classical modes of computation. Laser cooled neutral atoms at ultracold temperatures offer unique possibilities to study interacting many-body quantum systems which is at the heart of various quantum condensed matter phenomena. The first-generation neutral atom quantum computers for performing special purpose quantum computations was realized by trapping ultracold atoms in optical lattices. These tunable and scalable machines provided tremendous opportunities to study various quantum phases of Bose and Fermi Hubbard models, topological phases, and non-equilibrium dynamics, with control over key system parameters enabling insightful explorations within specific quantum models. In a more recent advent, arrays of single neutral atoms trapped in optical tweezers have emerged as dark horse candidate for universal and fault tolerant quantum computing. Here, we review recent advances and achievements obtained with this platform and discuss future perspectives.
Photo-modulated magnetoresistance in aferromagnetic/normal/ferromagnetic tunneljunction based on monolayer black phosphorene
Authors: Li Yun , Wang Dali , Jin Guojun
Published: February 2025

We use the Floquet theory and the Landauer-Büttiker formula toinvestigate the transport characteristics of a ferromagnetic/normal/ferromagnetictunnel junction based on monolayer black phosphorene under an off-resonant circularlypolarized light (CPL). The results show that the CPL can control the transmissionspectrum. In fact, the transmission gap of the antiparallel magnetized configuration issignificantly broadened, and the electron blocking effect is enhanced. The transmissionof the parallel magnetized configuration shows significant anisotropy and strong wavevector filtering effect. We also demonstrate that the CPL enhances the differencebetween the conductance of the parallel and antiparallel magnetized configurations,which in turn leads to a significant increase in tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR),even reaching TMR=1. In particular, under the combined action of polarized lightand gate voltage, the TMR in the conduction band region increases, while the TMRin the valence band region decreases. Our results will contribute to the developmentof optically controllable TMR devices.
Ti3C2TX derived layered MXenes as friction and wear reducing additives in lubricating oils: a detailed review
Authors: Nowduru Ravikiran , Singh Swati
Published: February 2025

Friction and wear are critical factors that significantly impact the efficiency and durability of mechanical systems. The demand for improved lubricating oils capable of reducing friction and wear has spurred the exploration of advanced additives. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes), a new class of materials, have emerged as promising additives with exceptional tribological properties. This review paper aims to understand the usability of MXenes, specifically the ones derived from Ti3C2TX as anti-friction and antiwear additives in lubricating oils. A brief discussion is presented about the synthesis and characterization techniques employed in the synthesis of Ti3C2TX MXenes, emphasizing their unique structural and surface properties that could contribute to their tribological performance, followed by their influence on the lubricant’s tribological properties is thoroughly discussed. The underlying anti-friction and antiwear mechanisms, their ability to form tribofilms on sliding surfaces, reduce direct metal-to-metal contact, and minimize wear are also highlighted. Additionally, the role of MXenes in modifying the lubricant’s chemical and physical interactions with sliding surfaces is analyzed. This review also attempts to identify and address the roadblocks hindering the use of Ti3C2TX MXenes in lubricating oils, such as their aggregation tendencies, stability under extreme conditions, and potential side effects on lubricant properties along with the tentative strategies to overcome these hurdles. Relevant experimental findings in which Ti3C2TX derived 2D nano-sheets have been explored as friction and wear-reducing additives in different lubricating oils are critically assessed. Although these MXenes are claimed to be highly effective as lubricant additives in lubricating oils owing to their unique properties and versatile chemistry, further research is required to address the challenges and optimize the formulation and integration of MXenes into lubricating oils for practical implementation. This article presents a comprehensive discussion about Ti3C2TX MXenes as friction and wear-reducing additives in lubricating oils, will be crucial in understanding what has been done and needs to be done.
Effect of capping on the Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 on Si grown via molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Lin Wei-Chen , Chuang Chiashain , Kuo Chun-Wei , Wu Meng-Ting , Lee Jie-Ying , Lee Hsin-Hsuan , Yang Cheng-Hsueh , Ci Ji-Wei , Xie Tian-Shun , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Aoki Nobuyuki , Wang Jyh-Shyang , Liang Chi-Te
Published: February 2025

Given the promising applications of large magnetoresistance in the Dirac semimetal cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2), extensive research into Si-compatible Cd3As2 devices is highly desirable. To prevent surface degradation and oxidation, the implementation of a protection layer on Cd3As2 is imperative. In this study, two vastly different protecting layers were prepared by on top of two Cd3As2 samples. A zinc telluride layer was grown on top of one Cd3As2 film, giving rise to an ten-fold increased mobility, compared to that of the pristine Cd3As2 sample. Interestingly, unusual negative magnetoresistance is observed in the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)-capped Cd3As2 device when a magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the Cd3As2 plane. This is in sharp contrast to the chiral anomaly that requires a magnetic field parallel to the Cd3As2 plane. We suggest that a protection layer on MBE-grown Cd3As2 should be useful for realizing its great device applications in magnetic sensing.
Modeling of the N2
+ ion in cold helium plasma III: relaxation of rotational excitations in N2
+
Authors: Nongni Fresnelle Tenanguena , Benhenni Malika , Kalus Rene , Gadéa Florent Xavier , Leininger Thierry , Yousfi Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Reaction rate constants of rotational transitions in the N2+ ion (j -> j', j ≦ 36) induced by collisions with helium atoms have been calculated using recently reported cross-sections [ChemPhysChem, 25:e202300469, 2024] obtained via classical trajectories run on the ground-state potential energy surface of the N2+/He collision complex obtained at a MCSCF/aug-cc-pVQZ level. Weak to medium electric fields (E/N = 1-100 Td) have been considered. In addition, the role of vibrational excitations in N2+ (v=0 -> v=1) is also briefly discussed and shown negligible under the conditions considered. The calculated rate constants have been used to model the relaxation dynamics of rotationally excited N2+ ions and to estimate its characteristic time scales as well as effective temperatures of relaxed N2+ ions.
A FRACTIONAL ORDER AGE-STRUCTURED MODEL TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL AWARENESS ON ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
Authors: RAJPUT ASHUTOSH , Aggarwal Rajiv
Published: February 2025

Substance abuse is a widespread societal issue that transcends class boundaries, significantly influencing various facets of life. Consuming alcohol is linked to an elevated risk of non- infectious diseases, including liver disorders, cardiovascular conditions, diverse cancer types, and certain communicable diseases rooted in immune system impairment, such as HIV. Accordingly, we have developed a nonlinear mathematical model to explore alcohol consumption, incorporating the novel fractional-order derivative in the Caputo sense to determine the impact of the memory effect on drinking behavior. The model considers two distinct groups: youth and adults, analyzing how adult influence shapes the drinking habits of the younger generation. Additionally, the model accounts for the crucial role of social and media-driven awareness in shaping this phenomenon. To evaluate the model, we have calculated the basic reproduction numbers for both the youth and adult populations, which serve as measures of the contagiousness of alcohol consumption. The study has determined an alcohol-free equilibrium point that is locally stable when both reproduction numbers are below one. However, if either reproduction number exceeds one, an additional alcohol-persistence equilibrium point emerges, indicating the potential for a backward bifurcation in the model. The model has been further simulated numerically to verify the analytical results and examine the impact of fractional derivatives on the system. Numerical findings suggest that increasing the memory effect by decreasing the value of α can significantly reduce the drinking population. Additionally, it is observed that if adult potential drinkers abstain from alcohol and create an alcohol-free environment for the youth, the drinking population can be substantially diminished. Therefore, a combined effort from both the youth and adult populations is essential to prevent binge drinking and reduce the overall drinking population.
Quantum resonance viewed as weak measurement
Authors: Ueda Daiki , Tsutsui Izumi
Published: February 2025

Quantum resonance, i.e., ampliﬁcation in transition probability available under certain conditions, oﬀers a powerful means for determining fundamental quantities in physics, including the time duration of the second adopted in the SI units and neutron’s electric dipole moment which is directly linked to CP violation. We revisit two of the typical examples, the Rabi resonance and the Ramsey resonance, and show that both of these represent the weak value amplification when involving significant enhancement of transition probabilities and that near the resonance points they share exactly the same behavior of transition probabilities except for the measurement strength whose difference leads to the known advantage of the Ramsey resonance in the sensitivity. Conversely, as a by-product of the relationship, we may measure the weak value through quantum resonance. In fact, we argue that previous measurements of neutron electric dipole moment based on the Ramsey resonance have potentially determined the weak value of neutron’s spin with much higher precision than the conventional weak value measurement.
Distinctive GWBs from eccentric inspiraling SMBH binaries with a DM spike
Authors: Hu Li , Cai Rong-Gen , Wang Shao-Jiang
Published: February 2025

Recent detections of a low-frequency gravitational wave background (GWB) from various pulsar-timing-array (PTA) observations have renewed the interest in the inspiraling supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), whose population is believed to be the most promising candidate with possible generalizations from including either orbital eccentricity or dark matter (DM) spike. In this paper, we show that the inclusion of both can further display distinctive features detectable in future PTA observations. With a typical initial eccentricity e
0 ∼ 𝒪(0.1) for the inspiraling SMBHBs, even a shallow DM spike can easily drive the orbital eccentricity close to 1, leaving behind a large turnover eccentricity when GWs begin to dominate the orbital circularization. In particular, the DM spike index γ
sp universally manifests itself in the characteristic strain by hc
∼ f
7/6-γ

sp/3 in the far infrared and features a novel oscillation structure at low frequencies. Future PTA detection of such characteristics would be the smoking gun for the DM spike and even reveal the nature of DM.
Optimal control analysis based on SEIR-V model
Authors: Chen Yanyu
Published: February 2025

The development of effective epidemic control strategies to minimize economic losses has become an urgent need after the global economy suffers from the impacts caused by infectious disease pandemics. In this study, the SEIR-V model was designed based on the SEIR model with the introduction of vaccination and medication control variables, in order to explore how to reduce the spread of epidemics while minimizing the socio-economic costs. In this paper, the effectiveness of the control strategy is verified by numerical simulation using Pontryagin’s principle of great value, and the results show that the number of infected people can be significantly reduced and the cost of the epidemic can be controlled by appropriately adjusting the vaccination rate and the coverage of drug treatment.
Research on dynamic parameter testing of 24-bit ADC based on V93000 test system
Authors: Ding Tao , Gu Zucheng , Ma Xiaojun
Published: February 2025

To solve the problem that the built-in signal source of V93000 cannot provide excitation for 24-bit high-precision ADC in the low-frequency band, this paper proposes a method based on the joint test of V93000 and AP555, using the output of the high-precision AP555 audio analyzer as the test signal source, and using the V93000 LSI test bench of Advantest as the test equipment. It can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of ADC parameters. The test results show that the method based on the joint test of V93000 and AP555 can make up for the low accuracy of the built-in excitation signal source of V93000 at low frequency, and complete the test of dynamic parameters of 24-bit high-precision ADC.
Research on crack propagation utilizing improved bond-based peridynamic theory
Authors: He Feng , Wang Xiangnan , Li Haoran
Published: February 2025

The Peridynamics theory has advantages in solving discontinuity problems, but the classical bond-based Peridynamics kernel function is fixed, and the bond force will disappear suddenly when reaching the critical elongation rate, which will lead to simulation distortion. In this paper, the kernel function of Peridynamics is improved, and the Peridynamics simulation is carried out for the calculation examples with circular holes and prefabricated cracks. The findings indicate that the enhanced kernel function relation equation effectively captures the principle that the strength of long-range forces diminishes as the distance between material points increases. The emergence and expansion bifurcation law for cracks has been determined using an enhanced method applied to a flat plate with a circular hole and a pre-fabricated single-cracked numerical example. This improved method effectively predicts the outcomes of crack propagation.
Flow analysis of tilt-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle under different working conditions
Authors: Liu Yulin , Luo Haitao , Liu Ziyang
Published: February 2025

This study aims to examine the rotor surface pressure distribution, the rotor’s effects on the wing and fuselage, and the surrounding flow field structure during the operation of a tilt-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Using Fluent software, numerical simulations are performed to analyze the flow field around the rotor and the pressure variations across its surface, under three operational scenarios: vertical climb, rotor tilt, and high-speed level flight. The findings indicate that the rotor’s surface pressure is predominantly concentrated at the leading edge across all three conditions, although the pressure distribution varies along the blade surface. Additionally, the rotor’s influence on the wing and fuselage is more pronounced during the rotor tilt and high-speed level flight conditions.