bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Parameter for Erythropoiesis: The Relationship of Immature Reticulocyte Fraction Values in Cord Blood with Clinical Factors and Reference Values for Newborns
Authors: DURSUN Zarife Esra , GUZOGLU Nilufer , KISA Üçler , DAVUTOĞLU Salih , ALİEFENDİOĞLU Didem
Published: April 2023

Aim: The immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) is a new parameter for the reticulocyte maturity index, representing an independent parameter of erythropoiesis that may be useful to better assess erythropoietic activity in neonates. In this study, the relationship between IRF values and clinical features in newborns was investigated and reference values were obtained.
Material and Methods: Newborns between 28-40 weeks of gestation were included in this prospective study. At birth, maternal venous and cord blood samples were obtained for measurements of complete blood count (CBC), blood gases, and plasma concentrations of various biochemical parameters.
Results: A total of 123 newborns, 99 term and 24 preterm, were included in the study. When the laboratory characteristics of the premature and term babies were compared according to their gestational weeks, while the median IRF value of cord blood was higher in term babies than in premature babies (p=0.039), other laboratory findings did not differ significantly. The median IRF value was 0.52 (range, 0.15-1.00) in term infants and 0.34 (range, 0.16-0.76) in preterm infants. IRF reference values for the term and preterm newborns were determined in cord blood. Moderately positive correlations were observed between the IRF levels and both the RDW (r=0.423, p<0.001) and the CRP (r=0.389, p<0.001) levels.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that newborns' IRF values were not affected by maternal variables and changed with the week of birth. The results of this study might be considered a guide for future studies using IRF value in newborns.
Computational and experimental study of longitudinal stability of the thin-walled flat bar structure
Authors: Egorov A.V. , Egorov V.N.
Published: April 2023

The paper studies longitudinal stability of the centrally compressed flexible flat bars using computational and experimental methods. Calculations were carried out according to the dynamic analysis methodology in the LS-DYNA software package. This methodology is based on three determining factors, i. e. volume, technological deviations and real-time mode. When constructing a hinged bar model, 3D finite elements, elastic-plastic material model, asymmetrical cuts of small volumes simulating geometric technological deviations were used. Critical forces determined by the methodology were compared with the Euler forces and with the experimental data. The experiment was carried out on bars with pointed ends, which were abutted against the angular technological equipment and provided with free rotation of the bar ends. As a result of the computational and experimental study of the flexible bars stability, it was established that in real bar designs there appeared initial shape imperfections noticeably affecting the critical forces magnitude, and the more flexible the bar was, the stronger this effect was. Quantitative relationship was also found between the experimentally measured critical forces and those calculated by the methodology and by the Euler formula. The issues of the origin of initial form imperfections in real bars were touched upon. Three possible directions for searching for a solution to the problem of bar stability using the methodology of dynamic analysis are shown depending on the method of introducing technological deviations into the structure calculation scheme. Diagrams of the hinged flat bars deformation during compression tests are provided.
Prospects of introducing combined porous mesh materials in the in-tank device structures of the spacecraft and upper stage propulsion systems
Authors: Korolkov A.V. , Polyanskiy A.R. , Sapozhnikov V.B.
Published: April 2023

The paper presents theoretical and experimental substantiation of the prospects to use materials of the new type, i.e. the combined porous-mesh materials (CPMM), in the in-tank devices (ITD) structures of spacecraft propulsion systems and upper stages to ensure multiple liquid-propellant rocket engine start in practical zero gravity. It is shown that CPMM operation was accompanied by phenomena that were missing, when using mesh materials previously used for this purpose, the so-called mesh separators (MS). It is concluded that at present it should be considered expedient to widely introduce CPMM in the ITD structure elements, since in this capacity the CPMM properties are noticeably superior to those of conventional MS. As a result, the ITD efficiency based on CPMM increases significantly, which finally makes it possible to minimize unusable fuel residues in the tanks and, thereby, increase the energy-mass efficiency of the aerial vehicle as a whole.
Borys Zinserling (1890–1961) i jego wizja wnętrz ministerstwa sprawiedliwości. Uwagi na marginesie mecenatu ministra Aleksandra Meysztowicza oraz ministra i senatora Czesława Michałowskiego
Authors: Zawadzki Jarosław Maciej
Published: April 2023

W latach 1787–1789 przebudowano w duchu klasycyzmu pałac rodziny Raczyńskich w Warszawie (projekt Jan Christian Kamsetzer). W 1919 roku pałac stał się siedzibą polskiego Ministerstwa Sprawiedliwości. W trakcie urzędowania dwóch ministrów, Aleksandra Meysztowicza (1926–1928) oraz Czesława Michałowskiego (1930–1936), przeprowadzono w budynku prace pod kierunkiem Mariana Lalewicza. Meysztowicz rozpoczął remont, ale końcowy efekt prac był zasługą Michałowskiego. Choć na to nie ma dowodów, ale było i jest zgodne z praktyką, że zapewne akceptował przedstawiane mu koncepcje prac konserwatorskich i projekty dekoratorskie.

Starannie wykreowano przestrzeń, w której pracował i odpoczywał minister. Pierwsza składała się z poczekalni i sekretariatu. Druga to wnętrza robocze ministra: duży gabinet i biblioteka. Do większych spotkań wykorzystywano salę balową. Ostatnią strefą było mieszkanie ministra. Sukcesywnie nabywano dzieła sztuki oraz obiekty rzemiosła nawiązujące stylistycznie do wnętrz. W trakcie prac utrzymano historyzującą stylistkę wnętrz zaproponowaną przez Lalewicza i realizowaną przez jego zespół.

Nie wiadomo, od kiedy dokładnie z pracami w opisywanym obiekcie był związany Borys Zinserling, rosyjski emigrant, architekt, scenograf i malarz, absolwent Akademii Sztuk Pięknych w Petersburgu. W 1935 roku wykonał cykl akwarel i rysunków węglem ukazujących wnętrza. W 1936 roku wydano album Pałac Ministerstwa Sprawiedliwości w Warszawie, którego ozdobą stały się barwne reprodukcje prac Zinserlinga. Urzekająca do dziś dokumentacja malarska przybliża finalny efekt prac, który w wyniku działań wojennych nie zachował się do naszych czasów.
Economic Growth. Social Capital, Family, Inequality of Income, Quality of Life, Bottlenecks. Selected papers from 2018 to 2022
Authors: Ambroziak Ewa , Baranowski Paweł , Starosta Paweł , Sztaudynger Jan Jacek , Sztaudynger Jan Marek
Published: April 2023

This book deals mainly with economic growth, its interdependence with social capital, and the consequences of the “happy productive worker” hypothesis. A happy employee works better, earns more money, and as a result, his quality of life goes up. This feedback loop of productivity and happiness means that on the road to effective economic growth and development, man and his quality of life must be taken into consideration as a very important causative factor. The authors guess that the social capital (trust, helpfulness, fairness), family social capital (marriage, divorce, fertility), as well as income inequality are social determinants of the quality of life, sustainable growth and development. They all are characteristics of society’s harmonization. Most of these hypotheses have been verified using econometric models. We hope that such an approach will help to reduce the danger of the fetishization of economic growth. Likewise, the hypothesis on non-cyclical GDP fluctuations was considered, where efficiency of fixed capital investment depends on post bottlenecks. The book summarizes Jon Jacek Sztaudynger’s scientific work on economic growth over the last twenty years. It contains six published articles (co-authors: Ewa Ambroziak, Paweł Baranowski, Paweł Starosta, and Jan Marek Sztaudynger).
The North Star and the Captain
Authors: Herrera Casanova Lorenzo , Marlett Stephen A.
Published: April 2023

Basic information about the Seri language and its speakers is given, along with a description of the state of the documentation of the language. A short text about the North Star and its role in the past is presented and glossed. By means of this text, written by a Seri man who was greatly interested in history, the mentioned morphological and syntactic facts are illustrated. The Seris used the stars to arrange meetings between dispersed groups of them for various purposes, including, as in this text, to plan revenge attacks on those people who had caused the deaths of their loved ones.
A incorporação como arte
Authors: Campos Ana Paula de Souza
Published: April 2023

Neste trabalho me proponho analisar as festas de exu em terreiros de umbanda na zona oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro tendo como foco a relação que se dá entre pessoas e coisas nestes momentos rituais. Com efeito, esta relação ocorre segundo uma relação de troca onde presentes são ofertados aos exus por sua clientela em troca de pedidos de trabalhos. Nas festas a exu circulam pessoas, entidades e visitantes; presentes e pedidos; segundo uma relação de troca, através de uma rede de intencionalidades complexas que faz com que tais intencionalidades sejam objetificadas, por meio dos objetos trocados e das performances que circulam nas festas em celebração aos exus. O enfoque se dará no fenômeno da incorporação, entendendo-a como arte, bem como os objetos que são utilizados para a construção da performance ritual das entidades nas festas, discutindo, assim, a agência dos objetos e das pessoas nesse contexto social em específico.
Chemsex en Barcelona: Estudio cualitativo sobre factores asociados a la práctica, percepción del impacto en salud y necesidades de prevención
Authors: Leyva-Moral Juan M. , Aguayo-González Mariela , Mora Rubén , Villegas Luis , Gómez-Ibáñez Rebeca , Mestres-Soler Olga , Maldonado-Alia Rubén , Lorente Nicolas , Folch Cinta
Published: April 2023

El chemsex se define como el uso de drogas psicoactivas con el objetivo de mantener relaciones sexuales entre hombres gay, bisexuales y otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (GBHSH), por un largo periodo de tiempo. El objetivo de este estudio cualitativo exploratorio es describir la práctica del chemsex desde la perspectiva de los usuarios, determinar los principales factores asociados a su práctica, la percepción del impacto en su salud y establecer necesidades de prevención. Se obtuvieron los datos mediante técnicas conversacionales: 12 entrevistas semiestructuradas y 3 grupos focales. El análisis cualitativo se centró en tres áreas temáticas: factores asociados a la práctica de chemsex, impacto del chemsex en la salud y necesidades prevención y reducción de riesgos. La muestra intencionada fue conformada por hombres GBHSH con una edad media de 40,1 años, 78% nacidos en España, y 68% con estudios universitarios finalizados. Los resultados del estudio ponen de manifiesto que la práctica de chemsex debe comprenderse como multifactorial y multicausal, y asociada al contexto sociocultural. La satisfacción sexual, del aumento de la libido y de la búsqueda de placer más intenso se identifican como factores clave entre las personas que lo practican. Sigue existiendo miedo en estos hombres a ser juzgados, incluso por los especialistas que pueden carecer de conocimiento o formación. Es necesario un reanálisis y replanteamiento de las intervenciones y políticas dirigidas hacia esta población, poniendo el foco de acción en la toma de decisiones compartidas, el autocuidado, la competencia cultural y la humanización del cuidado.
Blood Pressure Correlates with Serum Leptin and Body Mass index in Overweight Male Saudi Students
Authors: Alaamri Shalan , Serafi Abdulhalim S. , Hussain Zahir , Alrooqi Munira M. , Bafail Mohammed A. , Sohail Sumera
Published: April 2023

Precise association of serum leptin with body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP; both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is not well known for understanding their involvement in health and disease. Hence, the present study was planned to be conducted for investigating the association of BP, BMI and serum leptin levels in young normal weight (NW) and overweight (OW) male Saudi students. The NW (n: 198) and OW male subjects (n: 192) in the age range of 18-20 years were consulted. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer. Leptin Human ELISA Kits were employed for the determination of the serum leptin levels. The mean ± SD values of BMI (kg/m2), serum leptin (ng/ml), SBP (mmHg), and DBP (mmHg) all showed significant difference for young OW vs. NW male university students as: 27.52± 1.42 vs. 21.49± 2.03; 10.70± 4.67 vs. 4.68± 1.91; 121.37±2.59 vs.118.51±1.54 and 81.44±1.97 vs. 78.79±1.44 respectively. All associations (among BMI, leptin, SBP and DBP) showed positive linear and significant correlation except nonsignificant correlation of BMI and SBP for NW group. The present study in the young Saudi male students, presents significant variations for BP and serum leptin levels and significant positive linear association among serum leptin, BMI and BP.
Switching from Risks to Opportunities: the Application of Superbonus Tax Incentive to the 1960s Built Heritage in Fragile Mountain Contexts
Authors: Gotta Alessia , Mecca Umberto , Rebaudengo Manuela
Published: April 2023

This paper introduces actual considerations on the progressive disuse of residential space in the Alpine territory, considering possible actions. Nowadays, the building complexes built around the 60s and 70s (symbol of the mass tourism) fell to be suffering and searching of a new identity: the generation of owners, who bought them, has aged and the propensities of the new generations for holiday in those places have changed, which, moreover, now offer fewer opportunities for leisure, particularly in winter. Due to the great attention (and seeming opportunities) of current incentive policies towards the energy improvement of the existing stock, authors investigate the private conveniences of transformations through the refurbishment of these buildings. Starting from the study of the territory and the dynamics of local population, the research analyses a possible set of energy works, based on the 110% Superbonus tax incentive, introduced by L.D. 34/2020. A large part of the insights is focused on technical and economic feasibility study of the possible actions, following a process based on the evolution of the legislation. The work carried out is based on a specific case study, located in a small municipality in Piedmont mountain area, consisting of three apartment blocks of mostly second homes. The adopted methodology lends itself as a guide for the feasibility study of the Superbonus and, used as a tool for policy evaluation, leads to interesting results from the point of view of both private and public convenience.
Short-Term Load Forecasting of Electricity Demand for the Residential Sector Based on Modelling Techniques: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rodrigues F. Martins , Cardeira C. Batista , Calado J.M.F. , Melício R.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a systematic literature review is presented, through a survey in the main digital databases, about modelling methods for Short-Term Load Forecasting (STLF) for hourly electricity demand for residential electricity and to realize the performance evolution and impact of the Artificial Intelligent (AI) in STLF. With these specific objectives, it was developed a conceptual framework on the subject, a systematic review of the literature based on scientific publications with high impact and a bibliometric study directed to the scientific production of AI and STLF. The review of research articles over a 10-year period, which takes place between 2012-2022, uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. This research resulted in more than 300 articles, available in 4 (four) databases: Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, Scopus and Science Direct. The research was organized around 3 (three) central themes, which were defined through keywords: STLF, Electricity, Residential and their corresponding synonyms. 334 research articles were analyzed and identified the year of publication, journal, author, geography by continent and country and the area of application. Of the 334 documents found in the initial research and after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, which allowed delimiting the subject addressed in the topics of interest for analysis, 37 (thirty-seven) documents are in English (25 are journal articles and 12 are conference papers). The results point to a diversity of modelling techniques and associated algorithms. The corresponding performance is measured with different metrics and, therefore, cannot be compared directly. Hence, it should be desirable to have a unified data set together with a set of benchmarks with well-defined metrics for a clear comparison of all the modelling techniques and the corresponding algorithms.
Extending the Virtual Environment Into the Physical Space: A Reversal of the Digital/Physical Analogy Into Spatial Perception
Authors: Tsikalis Georgios , Zavoleas Yannis
Published: April 2023

Despite its apparent lack of physicality, the virtual environment produces real experiences to its users. In its intangible context of digital operation, the virtual setting can be a meeting point for individuals to interact and to gain experiences that have an impact upon their lives. After more than three decades of broad accessibility and use of the internet and various digital platforms, the virtual experience has also prompted to rethink many of the assumptions commonly attributed to physical space. From a practical point, the virtual world has been an extension of the real one as a new site that can host people’s activities without many of the limitations associated with the material world. Given its absence of physical restrictions, the virtual space appears as a boundless one, whose potential of evolution is still unclear. This sense of limitedness has caused to shift our common sense about physical space as well, including architectural perception and the methods and practices applied to design it. In response, this present study focuses on the ways in which elements and concepts of the virtual world may be transferred to physical space and enrich architectural aims and the broader design discourse.
Roles of PPARα and PPARγ As Regulator of Free Fatty Acids in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Vu Hung Thai , Nguyen Vien Duc , Matsubara Tsutomu
Published: April 2023

In recent years, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) has become a leading worldwide disease, and its therapies are facing many complexities. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily and have three subtypes: PPARα (NR1C1), PPARβ/δ (NR1C2), and PPARγ (NR1C3). They have been identified to be essential in the regulation of lipid metabolism by controlling the transcription of genes related to fatty acids, bile acids, and cholesterol metabolism. Many PPAR agonists have been reported, such as natural agonists (fatty acids, eicosanoids, and phospholipids) and synthetic ligands (fibrates, thiazolidinediones, glitazars, and elafibranor). PPAR-based chemicals have a breakthrough in the innovation of therapy for fatty liver disease. This review will provide an overview of how PPARα and PPARγ play roles in lipid homeostasis, discussing the consideration of their agonists as potential therapeutic agents for NAFLD/NASH.
The E-learning-based group investigation (gi) effectiveness on student biology learning outcomes
Authors: Azrai Eka Putri , Razak Ayyi Ayra , Sartono Nurmasari
Published: April 2023

Learning outcomes are one of the parameters of achieving learning objectives. The Covid-19 pandemic condition causes learning to take place remotely so that the delivery of material cooperatively and interactively is hampered. Learning that is not interactive can affect student learning outcomes so appropriate learning models and media are needed. This study aims to determine the effect of using the e-learning-based cooperative learning model type GI (Group Investigation) on student learning outcomes on the material of the circulatory system. This research was conducted in the odd semester of the 2021/2022 academic year at SMA Negeri 44 Jakarta, Indonesia. This type of research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental method and a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. The sample in this study amounted to 67 students with 34 students in the experimental class and 33 students in the control class. The data analysis technique used was the Mann-Whitney test with a significant level (
Mapping basic science and religious competencies: An initial step to realizing integrated science learning with islamic values
Authors: Purwati Nining , Zubaidah Siti , Mahanal Susriyati
Published: April 2023

Appropriate steps are needed to integrate religious subjects (Qur'an Hadith, Aqidah Akhlak, and Fiqh) so that integrated science learning of Islamic values ​​can be conducted successfully and adequately. One of the ways to make it successful is by mapping Basic Competencies in science subjects and religious subjects as the first step in this integration. A study has been carried out on Basic Competencies in science and religion subjects at Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) with the aim of producing a map of the relevance of the Basic Competencies in these subjects. This study is a literature study that uses data sources in the form of 2013 curriculum documents, science and religion textbooks and related articles. The instruments in this study were researchers equipped with identification and data recording formats. Data was collected utilizing document study approaches, namely by analyzing the relevancy of each basic competency topic, which includes choosing references and identifying and classifying basic competencies. Data analysis was done qualitatively by classifying, summarizing, and deriving conclusions from the data. As a result of this research, a map of the correlation between scientific and religion basic competencies has been found. It demonstrates how one science basic competency in one class can be related to several fundamental religious competencies at all grade levels. This linkage provides a recommendation that science subject matter can be integrated with religion subject matter at all grade levels while still considering the linkages between these Basic Competencies.
Effect of BOPO, CAR, and NPF on Mudharabah Deposits (Study on Islamic Banking Listed on the Stock Exchange 2016-2018 Period)
Authors: Ernanto Herby , Hermawan Sigit
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of BOPO, CAR, and NPF on Mudharabah Deposits in Islamic Banking Companies Listed on the IDX for the 2016-2018 period. The sampling method used is purposive sampling method. The number of companies that were sampled in this study were 10 Islamic Banking Companies Listed on the IDX for the 2016-2018 period. The data used is secondary data. The data analysis method used in this research is Multiple Linear Regression. The results of this study indicate that BOPO has an effect on Mudharabah Deposits in Islamic Banking Companies for the 2016-2018 period, CAR has an effect on Mudharabah Deposits in Islamic Banking Companies for the 2016-2018 period, and NPF has an effect on Mudharabah Deposits in Islamic Banking Companies for the 2016-2018 period.
Profitability Moderates Institutional Ownership's Impact on Financial Distress
Authors: Betari Fristia Harum , Hanif Aisha
Published: April 2023

This study aims to examine the impact of leverage, sales growth, institutional ownership, and profitability on financial distress in the Retail Trade Subsector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021, and to investigate the moderating effect of profitability on these relationships. The study uses quantitative analysis and secondary data from financial statements of 18 purposively sampled companies. The Smart Partial Least Square 3.2.7 program was used for statistical analysis. The results indicate that leverage has a significant impact on financial distress, while sales growth and institutional ownership do not affect financial distress. Profitability was found to moderate the relationship between institutional ownership and financial distress. The study provides important insights into factors that contribute to financial distress in this sector, highlighting the moderating role of profitability in managing financial distress. The findings may have practical implications for managers and investors in the Retail Trade Subsector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Highlights: Leverage has a significant impact on financial distress in the Retail Trade Subsector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sales growth and institutional ownership do not have a direct effect on financial distress. Profitability plays a moderating role in the relationship between institutional ownership and financial distress.
An Experimental Study on the Effects of Tubular Restrictions on Liquid Lifting in Natural Gas Wells
Authors: Mateus-Rubiano Camilo Andres , Alsanea Maziad , Karami Hamidreza
Published: April 2023

Natural gas wells face flow pattern changes and liquid accumulation issues as their pressures decline. This issue, if not addressed properly, hinders the production, and may eventually kill the well. The onset of the liquid accumulation corresponds to the beginning of liquid fallback in the tubing and the transition from annular to churn flow. In this experimental study, the impact of partial tubing restrictions, namely insert rings, on liquid loading is assessed. Partial restrictions in the tubing, such as insert rings, are believed to amplify droplet entrainment and interfacial shear, and hence delay the liquid loading. This theory is tested experimentally in this study. Two-phase tests are performed using air and mineral oil in a flow loop with a vertical length of 25 ft, made from 2-inch ID clear acrylic pipe. The tests are carried out in room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Differential pressure transducers, quick-closing valves, and a high-quality camera are used to measure the pressure gradient, liquid holdup, and flow pattern for each test. Three liquid rates, corresponding to gas wells are tested. Gas rates are varied to cover a wide range from annular to slug flow. The tests are conducted without inserts and repeated with three insert sizes. In addition, the number of inserts along the test section is changed to test the impact of spacing on the effects provided by inserts over the flow.

The objective of this study is to quantify the effects of restrictions with various sizes and their spacing on liquid lifting. It is found that the inserts enhance liquid lifting by two mechanisms, liquid fallback prevention and droplets generation. The latter is explained by the collision of the upward flowing liquid with the inserts and the liquid bridge rupture by the gas flow. At the same time, the inserts restrict the effective flow diameter and cause an increase in frictional losses. The experimental results suggest there is an optimal region for the use of inserts, in which liquid lifting is enhanced with minimal increases in frictional losses. This region varies slightly depending on the flow rates and it is found mostly in the churn flow region. Within this window, the pressure drop decreases by up to 50% as a result of adding the inserts to the tubing. Also, it is observed that decreasing the number of the inserts helps reduce the frictional pressure losses, while maintaining the reduction in liquid holdup. This is a cheap, passive, and efficient method for liquid unloading of gas wells. The tubing joints could play the role of the inserts with an appropriate design, making this technology easily applicable.
Casing Deformation and Controlling Methods During Hydraulic Fracturing Shale Gas Reservoirs in China: What We Known and Tried
Authors: Han Lihong , Yang Shangyu , Dai Lei , Cao Jing , Mou Yisheng , Wu Xingru
Published: April 2023

When operators develop shale gas reservoirs in the southern Sichuan basin in China, they encountered numerous occurrences of casing deformations (CD) and even failures. The high frequency and severity of CD have led to significant financial loss. Since then, a considerable amount of research has been conducted with some field trials. Some research findings have been implemented in fields. The purpose of this paper is to present what we know and the trial results.

We observed that casing deformation/failure were mainly in shearing failure and collapse modes. In the early stage of the development, most of the failure was due to shearing deformation caused by pre-existing geological features such as faults and weak interfaces. With the depletion of the reservoir and pressure decrease, casing collapses during the hydraulic fracture with extended length have become more and more popular in the later development stage. Laboratory tests on casing material and cementing material have shad lights on possible solutions. Increasing the casing wall thickness and cement thickness seems a viable solution for casing collapse, but the application of these recommendations yielded little effectiveness in mitigating casing deformation. Current operators redesigned a cementing material with high-strength beads which would collapse when stresses are above the designed threshold, which would "absorb" the formation displacement and reduce the severity of casing deformation caused by the aforementioned mechanisms.

This paper summarizes the main research results from implementing numerical modeling and simulation. Based on that, we designed a special cementing with hollow high-strength particles in the cement slurry. In the later stage of fracturing, when the stress is above a threshold, the particles would burst and allow the casing to nudge slightly so that the deformation severity would be much less and more graduate. We implemented the new technology on 14 wells, and so far eight wells have been successfully completed without losses of horizontal segments. This new technology certainly brings hope for future study and provides field cases for future simulation work and laboratory studies for improvement.
Dimensionless Recovery Profiles
Authors: Mollman Matthew J.
Published: April 2023

A new data-driven method for production forecasting and estimating ultimate recovery (EUR) of tight-gas sand and unconventional-shale wells is proposed as an alternative to empirical decline-curve analysis (DCA) methods and industry standard type-well curves. The proposed method requires generating a dimensionless recovery profile (DRP) from the production history of mature wells producing from an analogous reservoir where ultimate recovery is determinable with a high degree of confidence. The daily and/or monthly production data of a newer well selected for analysis is made dimensionless by using an initial estimate of EUR and observed maximum production rate. The best dimensionless match to the DRP is obtained by adjusting the EUR and maximum rate the well could have potentially produced if unencumbered by operational constraints.

The proposed method does not utilize pressure data, so it is suitable for use with data available from public sources. Often, only 60 to 90 days of daily data is required to provide a good estimate of future production performance and EUR. One capability of the proposed method is the performance characteristics of the ratios of the secondary phases to the primary fluid phase can be simultaneously examined to better define the expected production performance and to identify wells with uncharacteristic behavior.

EnerQuest Oil & Gas, L.L.C. has successfully applied this method in its producing property acquisition and drilling evaluation work for the last 25 years and the biggest revelation is that the resulting DRP of the primary phase, for most plays, is the same regardless of a well's geographic location within the play, generation of its completion design or length of lateral. The derivation of the DRP using individual well production histories across an entire play has the advantage/benefit of a larger population of data to work with than the common industry standard method of developing a type-well curve that is specific to a much smaller population of wells sharing similar horizontal landing targets and completion designs.

The new method will be demonstrated utilizing production data from the Barnett Shale (N Texas), Austin Chalk (S Texas), Eagle Ford Shale (S Texas), Codell Sand (SE Wyoming), Woodford Shale (SE Oklahoma), and Utica Shale (Ohio).
Delineating and Quantifying the Hydraulic Fracturing Energy System
Authors: Navaiz Awais , Stark Price , Doucette Jon
Published: April 2023

Current hydraulic fracturing strategies require a significant investment of resources, time, and capital to warrant well productivity. As a result, it has become the crux of asset development in unconventional formations. Given that this technique has been in full force for almost two decades, the optimization strategies couldn't be more varied than they are today. Part of the problem exists in completion teams discretizing and optimizing individual facets while ignoring their impact on the entire system.

To the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to present a comprehensive energy analysis of the hydraulic fracturing process. During hydraulic fracturing, energy transfer originates from the horsepower equipment used to inject a unit volume of fluid, containing a certain volume fraction of proppant, into the wellhead. Surface energy consumption is defined as the horsepower deployment integrated over time. As this unit volume traverses down the wellbore and into the formation, it is assisted by gravitational potential energy, which supplements its energy budget but must overcome the friction from the pipe, perforations, and tortuous near-wellbore zone, which act as energy losses. Subtracting energy losses from the total energy input results in the effective energy delivered to formation.

With the tools outlined here to calculate the effective energy and energy efficiency, teams can vet and optimize their completion strategies to maximize energy delivered to the formation and/or improve capital efficiency. These metrics are sensitive to most of the variables involved in well completions and provide an understanding of the influence every decision has on the complete hydraulic fracturing system.
Advanced, Superior Shale Oil EOR Methods for the DJ Basin
Authors: Downey Robert A , Venepalli Kiran K , Erdle James C
Published: April 2023

According to Novi Labs, a well data analytics company, as of April, 2022, 94,000 horizontal shale oil wells had been placed into production in the 5 major US shale oil basins. Oil production from these wells is characterized by high initial rates and steep declines, with well lives of 9 to 16 years. Oil recovery factors, as a percentage of oil in place, range from 2.5 to 8 percent, leaving the vast majority of oil resources unrecovered. Shale oil EOR is in its infancy, with only 49 permitted projects involving a few hundred wells. 36 of these EOR projects are in the Eagle Ford shale. Prior publications have provided information on this activity, almost all of which involve cyclic injection of natural gas, or Huff-n-Puff EOR. Incremental recoveries have been projected to range from 10% to 80% of primary EUR.

Our objective is to describe two novel shale oil EOR methods that may provide superior incremental shale oil recovery of 100 to 200% of primary EUR in the DJ Basin Niobrara shale. We have developed two superior shale oil EOR methods that utilize a triplex pump to inject a liquid solvent mixture into the Niobrara shale reservoir, and methods to fully recover the injectant at the surface, for storage and reinjection. The processes are fully integrated with compositional reservoir simulation to optimize the recovery of residual oil during each injection and production cycle.

Compositional reservoir simulation modeling of the processes in a production and pressure history-matched horizontal DJ Basin Niobrara well indicates recoveries of 180% to 360% of primary EUR may be achieved. These processes have numerous advantages over cyclic gas injection - shorter injection time, faster and greater oil recovery, lower risk of interwell communication, lower cost of production, elimination of the need for artificial lift, and lower GHG emissions and water costs. These processes should work in all US shale oil plays, and have been successfully field tested in some. If implemented early in the well life, their application may enable recovery of more oil, faster, and preclude the need for artificial lift, resulting in shallower decline rates and much greater reserves. The processes also emit less GHG emissions and have lower water costs per barrel than primary recovery.
Completion Diagnostic Tools, Production Logging Technology Delivers Accurate Flow Contributions Vertical & Horizontal Wellbores
Authors: Heddleston Duncan Craig
Published: April 2023

Over the past 18 years, the industry has focused on drilling and completing horizontal producing wells, in order to develop better deliverability and UER across the reservoir. These types of wells are drilled with various inclinations, trajectories which porpoise across the reservoir interval. Horizontal lateral sections consist of numerous selectively stimulated stages containing greater than 20 stages spread out across 2,000 ft to 25,000 ft of horizontal interval. (Heddleston, 2017).

Many indirect measurements such as chemical tracing or fiber optic sensing have been trialed, but the only direct measurement of real production contributing across a producing lateral is acquired using production logging measurements with production data analysis. This true measurement of production contribution is the best method which allow oil companies to understand and acknowledge which portions of the hydraulically stimulated reservoir is contributing the production and the value of their properties.
Physics Guided Data Driven Model to Forecast Production Rates in Liquid Wells
Authors: Sinha Utkarsh , Zalavadia Hardikkumar , Sankaran Sathish
Published: April 2023

In the development of shale plays, significant emphasis has been laid on forecasting well performance based on rates and finding the expected ultimate recoveries. Specifically, forecasting producing gas-oil-ratio (GOR) over the long term has been problematic, given the complexities and uncertainties in modeling a muti-stage fractured horizontal well in the unconventional reservoir. In this work, we propose a hybrid model which is capable of accurately forecasting multiphase flow rates. The proposed hybrid forecasting modeling is an amalgamation of data-centric methodology blended with physics-based principles, using easily available inputs such as production rates, flowing pressure, and fluid properties. The proposed method is a two-step procedure – (1) detect the inflection point up to which the gas produced is only the solution gas using an automated trajectory detection procedure, imposing physics-based constraints (2), apply the material balance to calculate dynamic drainage volume, average reservoir pressure, and productivity index that are used to forecast well performance in the future. The proposed approach also handles changing artificial lift strategies and hence changing bottom hole pressure conditions, which is a practical consideration since most unconventional wells experience operational changes throughout their lifecycle. The automated trajectory detection procedure consistently captures the inflection point for all wells and is robust to scale for all well types. The history-matched multiphase flow model parameters are blind-tested to validate the model. The proposed technique extrapolates reservoir pressure depletion based on established trends to forecast GOR trends with reasonable accuracy at an extremely low computational cost. The proposed hybrid model overcomes (1) deficiencies of pure data-driven approaches, where changes in operating conditions are not properly represented and the forecasts are not physically consistent, (2) limitations of analytical models, where the assumptions are too many/strict to represent the real-life performance of a multifracture horizontal well, and (3) complexities of numerical simulation models, which are expensive, time-consuming and requires too many inputs for initialization. Additionally, the proposed hybrid model provides a robust and scalable method to identify future GOR trends to support the pace of operations and data-driven decision-making.
Endoscopic Approach for A Difficult Cervical Area: Fully Endoscopic Uniportal Transcervical Approach for Ventral Pathologies of the Craniovertebral Junction
Authors: Ohara Yukoh , Uchikado Hisaaki , Hara Takeshi , Nojiri Hidetoshi , Abe Eiji , Kikuchi Nahoko , Kimura Takaoki
Published: April 2023

Objective: Various pathologies can occur at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). Posterior decompression with occipitocervical fixation can improve many of these conditions, but anterior decompression is required in some cases. Anterior decompression of a CVJ lesion is very difficult to perform. The transoral approach has been considered the gold standard, but it has the disadvantage of a deep and limited operative field, and many complications are associated with this procedure. Three endoscopic approaches (transoral, transnasal, and transcervical) have been reported previously. Transcervical endoscopic odontoidectomy is a familiar approach for spinal surgeons and can be performed using a uniportal full-endoscopic spinal surgery system. Methods: As described in the present study, 12 patients underwent surgery, and their clinical records were reviewed retrospectively. Results: All patients had good recovery without complications.Conclusion: Fully endoscopic uniportal transcervical odontoidectomy has many advantages for ventral pathologies of the CVJ. In particular, it can avoid heat injury despite drilling very close to the brainstem in deep closed lesions.
Submarine observation of 2011 Tohoku-oki Earthquake fault scarp in the Japan Trench
Authors: Ueda Hayto , Kitazato Hiroshi , Jamieson Alan , team Pressure
Published: April 2023

Rupture of the plate boundary fault during the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (Mw 9.0) is thought to have propagated to the trench, where thrust ridges were formed. Surface exposure of the fault has not yet been confirmed because the trench seafloor extends to hadal depths (>6000 m water depth) that are challenging to access and study. Using a manned submersible in the Japan Trench we explored and visually assessed the seafloor near the epicenter, and found a 26 m high subvertical cliff regarded as the thrust fault scarp. The cliff consisted of elevated mud beds, and provided abundant mud block debris to lower slopes. Based on topography, observation of the outcrops, and mass balance analysis, we deduce ~120–130 m slip on the plate-boundary fault (décollement). Approximately 100–110 m of the slip occurred at the frontal thrust fault and the remaining 20 m included bulk shortening of sediment in front of the thrust fault. The estimated larger displacement in the trench than in more proximal parts can be attributed to extensional deformation of the wedge, locally occurred above a large relief (graben) on the subducting Pacific plate, as well as potentially lowered coseismic basal friction.
HDAC3 promotes macrophage pyroptosis via regulating histone deacetylation in acute lung injury
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Bohao , He Ruyuan , Li Guorui , Xiong Rui , Fu Tinglv , Li Donghang , Xu Chenzhen , Wang Bo , Geng Qing
Published: April 2023

Activated inflammation and pyroptosis in macrophage are closely associated with acute lung injury (ALI). Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) serves as an important enzyme that could repress gene expression by mediating chromatin remodeling. Here, we aim to explore the role and potential molecular basis of HDAC3 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. We found that HDAC3 was highly expressed in lung tissues of LPS-treated mice and in LPS-induced macrophages. Lung tissues from macrophage HDAC3-deficient mice stimulated with LPS showed alleviative lung pathological injury and inflammatory response. HDAC3 silence by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly blocked the activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway while HDAC3 overexpression by adenovirus transfection significantly promoted the activation of cGAS/STING pathway and aggravated pyroptosis in LPS-induced macrophage. However, HDAC3 silence or overexpression at baseline showed no effects on the level of mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) and the activation of cGAS/STING pathway. But HDAC3 at baseline could change the mRNA and protein levels of cGAS. Additionally, autophagy or proteasome inhibition in LPS-induced macrophages transfected with Hdac3 siRNA did not affect the protein level of cGAS. Mechanistically, cGAS was a direct target gene of miR-4767 in macrophage. LPS could recruit HDAC3 and H3K9Ac to the miR-4767 gene promoter, which repressed the expression of miR-4767 by decreasing histone acetylation of the miR-4767 gene promoter. To this end, intratracheal administration of liposomes loaded with Hdac3 siRNA prevented mice from LPS-induced lung injury and inflammation. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that HDAC3 played a pivotal role in mediating pyroptosis in macrophage and ALI by activating cGAS/STING pathway through decreasing histone acetylation of the miR-4767 gene promoter. Targeting HDAC3 in macrophage may provide a new therapeutic target for the prevention of LPS-induced ALI.
Purification and characterization of pepsin enzyme from Scomberomorus commerson mackerel’s stomach by aluminum hydroxide, and improved its thermal stability by graphene oxide nanosheet
Authors: Shobar Seyed Reza , masoud rezaei , Naghdi Shahab , Moghadam Ahmad Taghavi
Published: April 2023

In the present study, pepsinogen enzyme was purified from the S. commerson viscera in 7 steps, including; (1) using a buffer containing NaCl and CaCl2, (2) Acidification, (3) precipitation by dried sulfate ammonium, (4) Aluminum hydroxide gel, (5) Saturated ammonium sulfate, (6) Gel filtration Sephadex G-50, and (7) Anion-exchange DEAE-cellulose. Purified pepsinogen converted into pepsin quickly at pH 2.0, and its optimum pH and temperature were 2, and 37 °C. Hence, ammonium sulfate with 67/5 % saturation showed the highest activity and protein precipitation. Besides, results showed that 18% Alum gel had the highest enzyme activity in the precipitate formed during dialysis. Furthermore, pepsin activity was stopped above 50 °C, but immobilized pepsin on GO-PEG maintained it up to a temperature of 65 °C. Purified pepsin was completely inactive in the presence of 0.1 M pepstatin A. Catalytic constants KM and kcat for proteolysis of acid-denatured hemoglobin were 35/39 ± 0.03 M, and 5.3 ± 0.002 × 10 -5 S-1, respectively. Finally, based on the obtained results, it can be suggested that the use of aluminum hydroxide gel and graphene oxide can be a suitable approach for purifying pepsin enzyme from fish viscera and improving their thermal stability.