bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I don’t wanna die, but my brain insists that I should”: a big qualitative data approach to the lived experiences of suicidal thoughts
Authors: Marchionatti Lauro Estivalete , Amaral Rafael Ramos , Barcellos Camila , Duarte Samanta , Campello André Cardoso , Virtuoso Eduardo , Magalhães Pedro Vieira da Silva
Published: August 2024

Introduction

There remains a dearth of knowledge concerning the phenomenology of suicidal thoughts, with research focusing on reasons for feeling suicidal rather than their mental expression. While clinical interviews remain the standard phenomenological approach, such exploration of lived experiences may prove challenging for this sensitive topic. As a complementary alternative, the use of naturally-occurring online data is opportune for capturing elaborations on tabooed phenomena.

Methods

In this phenomenological study, we present a thematic analysis on lived experiences of suicidal thoughts as spontaneously reported by non-identified users of a Reddit online board (r/Depression), collecting 668 posts using the search terms “suicidal ideation,” “suicidal thoughts,” and “suicide.” Codes were grouped into descriptive categories summarizing the properties of thoughts, their effects, and their relation to suicide. Then, an interpretative synthesis yielded global themes connecting salient meanings on the experience of suicidal thoughts.

Results

With a long-term and recurring nature, thoughts of suicide appear in the form of vivid imagery and daydreaming’s, initially bringing relief to adverse feelings but eventually becoming conditioned and all-consuming. Rather than a wonderment, they are experienced as intrusive thoughts by people struggling to make meaning of their occurrence. When conciliating the presence of unwanted thoughts, users express intricate relations to wishing or not to die, as well as varying perceptions of control over actions or fear of suicidal behavior.

Discussion

With an innovative application of big qualitative data into phenomenological analysis, this study contributes to an initial characterization of suicidal thoughts, uncovering findings that are not contemplated into current conceptualizations of suicidality. The analysis is limited by a restricted context of posts and unknown demographics, and further research with clinical interviews is warranted for in-depth exploration of suicidal thoughts.
One-week inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a retrospective study
Authors: Cai Qing , Li Mengya , Li Guifeng , Xu Xin , Li Cheng , Li Qifang
Published: August 2024

Objective

To examine the effectiveness of one-week inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in patients without severe mental disorders in the real-world setting to answer the research question “Can inpatient CBT-I be abbreviated?”.

Methods

In this retrospective, single-group, pretest–posttest study, the clinical outcome data of 94 patients who underwent one-week inpatient CBT-I were collected. Self-report scale scores and hypnotic medication use were obtained at baseline and at the 3-month follow-up after therapy.

Results

CBT-I significantly improved insomnia severity (Z = −7.65, P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.34), anxiety (Z = −6.23, P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.02), depression (Z = −6.42, P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.06), daytime sleepiness (Z = −2.40, P = 0.016, Cohen’s d = 0.35), and fatigue severity (Z = −5.54, P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.88) and reduced hypnotic medication use (χ2 = 33.62, P < 0.001). At the follow-up assessment, 58 patients (67.4%) had clinically meaningful changes in insomnia, and 51 patients (59.3%) met the criteria for insomnia remission.

Conclusion

The results of this preliminary study imply that one-week inpatient CBT-I may be an effective intervention for the treatment of insomnia in patients without severe mental disorders.
Clinical features of COVID-19 infection in patients with myasthenia gravis: a real-world retrospective study
Authors: Li Hui-Ning , Xu Xiao-Na , Qin Ying-Hui , Liu Rui , Guo Wen-Yue , Huang Xiao-Yu , Fan Mo-Li , Zhang Lin-Jie , Qi Yuan , Zhang Chao , Yang Li , Shi Fu-Dong , Yang Chun-Sheng
Published: August 2024

Objective

We investigated the risk factors associated with severe or critical Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection due to the Omicron variant in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and determined the potential effect of COVID-19 on myasthenic exacerbation during the Omicron pandemic.

Methods

This retrospective study included 287 patients with MG in Tianjin, China. Clinical data of the patients were collected using electronic questionnaires, databases, and clinical records.

Results

The overall infection rate was 84.7%. Advanced age, comorbidities, generalized phenotype, and MG instability were drivers of COVID-19 severity, and post-COVID-19 myasthenic exacerbation. The concurrent use of a steroid-sparing agent did not affect COVID-19 susceptibility or severity. It did lower the risk of myasthenic exacerbation after COVID-19 infection. Patients with severe COVID-19 experienced myasthenic exacerbation earlier than patients with non-severe infection (p < 0.001). The severity of COVID-19 (Hazards Ratio = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.41–6.54, p = 0.004) and the clinical phenotype (Hazards Ratio = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.63–6.63, p < 0.001) emerged as independent risk factors for early MG exacerbation.

Conclusion

Generally, patients with MG appear to be susceptible to the Omicron strains. Immunotherapy for MG did not increase COVID-19 susceptibility or severity. We do not advocate an immediate cessation of ongoing immunosuppressive treatments once a COVID-19 infection is diagnosed. Instead, a judicious evaluation of the risks and benefits, tailored to each individual, is recommended.
Spontaneous rupture of the plantar fascia: a case report
Authors: Venosa Michele , Romanini Emilio , Vitale Lorenzo , Logroscino Giandomenico
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The rupture of the plantar fascia is a rare but significant injury that predominantly affects athletes and individuals engaged in high-impact activities. Sudden increases in physical activity, direct trauma, corticosteroid injections, and chronic degeneration from plantar fasciitis can predispose individuals to rupture. It can involve a complete or partial tear of the plantar fascia fibers, leading to a loss of structural integrity and functional support. The tear may occur at the origin, mid-portion, or insertion of the fascia. Spontaneous ruptures of the plantar fascia (occurring without any predisposing factors) are rarely observed in clinical practice. No guidelines or other unequivocal recommendations are available for this pathological condition.

Method

A healthy 35-year-old male who works in an office setting and is a recreational cyclist with a silent clinical anamnesis experienced a spontaneous rupture of the plantar fascia of the left foot with no history of trauma. He exhibited significant localized tenderness and swelling in the medial arch of the left foot with difficulty bearing weight on the affected foot. An MRI confirmed a partial rupture of the medial cord of the plantar fascia accompanied by surrounding inflammation. The patient underwent conservative treatment, which included rest, immobilization, physiotherapy (ultrasound therapy, high-power laser therapy, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), rehabilitation, and a gradual return to activity.

Results

At the 12-week follow-up, the patient reported a significant reduction in pain and marked improvement in functional mobility (as confirmed by VAS and Foot Function Index scores). Physical examination showed no tenderness, and the patient could bear full weight on the foot without discomfort. A follow-up ultrasound demonstrated complete resolution of the plantar fascia rupture and no residual inflammation.

Discussion

This case underscores the effectiveness of an integrated rehabilitative approach and provides a framework for managing similar cases in clinical practice.
Spatial restructuring and development characteristics of villages and the revitalization path: a case study of the X County of Zhejiang Province in China
Authors: Zhang Shuifeng , Chen Yaxi , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2024

Rural development and restructuring are critical steps toward achieving optimal spatial adjustment for regional and rural revitalization. Using the rural regional system and the TOPSIS model supported by the entropy value method, this study analyzed the model of rural development and spatial restructuring in the study area from 2000 to 2020. The study examined the exchange and change and discussed the internal logical correlation and role relation among them. The results indicated that: (1) During the study period, the level of rural development in the study area increased considerably. The rural regional function shifted from a lower level of homogenous development to a higher level of diversified development, which are important features of the evolution of economic and social development levels. (2) Spatial restructuring was characterized by temporal continuity and non-linearity of stages. The overall shape transformed from “dispersion-homogeneity-differentiation.” (3) The coupling coordination degree of the two subsystems showed a constant rise to a low level, with apparent temporal heterogeneity. The type of coupling coordination became a benign optimizing direction with a significant level of heterogeneity. Rural revitalization depends on the coupling and coordination among economic, social, ecological, and spatial systems. The research results provide baseline information to decipher the path of rural revitalization at various degrees of coupling and promoting sustainable rural development.
Cardiovascular responses to leg-press exercises during head-down tilt
Authors: Alessandro Cristiano , Sarabadani Tafreshi Amirehsan , Riener Robert
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Physical exercise and gravitational load affect the activity of the cardiovascular system. How these factors interact with one another is still poorly understood. Here we investigate how the cardiovascular system responds to leg-press exercise during head-down tilt, a posture that reduces orthostatic stress, limits gravitational pooling, and increases central blood volume.

Methods

Seventeen healthy participants performed leg-press exercise during head-down tilt at different combinations of resistive force, contraction frequency, and exercise duration (30 and 60 s), leading to different exercise power. Systolic (sBP), diastolic (dBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP) and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously. Cardiovascular responses were evaluated by comparing the values of these signals during exercise recovery to baseline. Mixed models were used to evaluate the effect of exercise power and of individual exercise parameter on the cardiovascular responses.

Results

Immediately after the exercise, we observed a clear undershoot in sBP (Δ = −7.78 ± 1.19 mmHg), dBP (Δ = −10.37 ± 0.84 mmHg), and MAP (Δ = −8.85 ± 0.85 mmHg), an overshoot in PP (Δ = 7.93 ± 1.13 mmHg), and elevated values of HR (Δ = 33.5 ± 0.94 bpm) compared to baseline (p < 0.0001). However, all parameters returned to similar baseline values 2 min following the exercise (p > 0.05). The responses of dBP, MAP and HR were significantly modulated by exercise power (correlation coefficients: rdBP = −0.34, rMAP = −0.25, rHR = 0.52, p < 0.001). All signals’ responses were modulated by contraction frequency (p < 0.05), increasing the undershoot in sBP (Δ = −1.87 ± 0.98 mmHg), dBP (Δ = −4.85 ± 1.01 and Δ = −3.45 ± 0.98 mmHg for low and high resistive force respectively) and MAP (Δ = −3.31 ± 0.75 mmHg), and increasing the overshoot in PP (Δ = 2.57 ± 1.06 mmHg) as well as the value of HR (Δ = 16.8 ± 2.04 and Δ = 10.8 ± 2.01 bpm for low and high resistive force respectively). Resistive force affected only dBP (Δ = −4.96 ± 1.41 mmHg, p < 0.0001), MAP (Δ = −2.97 ± 1.07 mmHg, p < 0.05) and HR (Δ = 6.81 ± 2.81 bpm, p < 0.0001; Δ = 15.72 ± 2.86 bpm, p < 0.0001; Δ = 15.72 ± 2.86 bpm, p < 0.05, depending on the values of resistive force and contraction frequency), and exercise duration affected only HR (Δ = 9.64 ± 2.01 bpm, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Leg exercises caused only immediate cardiovascular responses, potentially due to facilitated venous return by the head-down tilt position. The modulation of dBP, MAP and HR responses by exercise power and that of all signals by contraction frequency may help optimizing exercise prescription in conditions of limited orthostatic stress.
Advancing endovascular neurosurgery training with extended reality: opportunities and obstacles for the next decade
Authors: Patel Shray A. , Covell Michael M. , Patel Saarang , Kandregula Sandeep , Palepu Sai Krishna , Gajjar Avi A. , Shekhtman Oleg , Sioutas Georgios S. , Dhanaliwala Ali , Gade Terence , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Srinivasan Visish M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Extended reality (XR) includes augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR). Endovascular neurosurgery is uniquely positioned to benefit from XR due to the complexity of cerebrovascular imaging. Given the different XR modalities available, as well as unclear clinical utility and technical capabilities, we clarify opportunities and obstacles for XR in training vascular neurosurgeons.

Methods

A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. Studies were critically appraised using ROBINS-I.

Results

19 studies were identified. 13 studies used VR, while 3 studies used MR, and 3 studies used AR. Regarding specific educational applications, VR was used for simulation in 10 studies and anatomical modeling in 3 studies. AR was only used for live intra-operative guidance (n = 3 studies). MR was only used for modeling and intra-operative teaching. Considering disease-specific uses, XR enhanced trainee understanding of intracranial aneurysms (n = 12 studies) and stroke (n = 7). XR trained surgeons in diverse neurosurgical procedures, including aneurysm coiling (n = 5 studies), diagnostic angiography (n = 5), and thrombectomy (n = 5).

Conclusions

Anatomical modeling with VR and MR enhances neurovascular anatomy education with patient-specific, 3-D models from imaging data. AR and MR enable live intra-operative guidance, allowing experienced surgeons to remotely instruct novices, potentially improving patient care and reducing geographic disparities. AR overlays enhance instruction by allowing the surgeon to highlight key procedural aspects during training. Inaccurate tracking of surgical tools is an XR technological barrier for modeling and intra-operative training. Importantly, the most reported application of XR is VR for simulation–using platforms like the Mentice VIST and Angio Mentor. 10 studies examine VR for simulation, showing enhanced procedural performance and reduced fluoroscopy use after short training, although long-term outcomes have not been reported. Early-stage trainees benefited the most. Simulation improved collaboration between neurosurgeons and the rest of the surgical team, a promising role in interprofessional teamwork. Given the strength of VR for simulation, MR for simulation is an important gap in the literature for future studies. In conclusion, XR holds promise for transforming neurosurgical education and practice for simulation, but technological research is needed in modeling and intra-procedural training.
Impact of long-term feeding a high level of Spirulina combined with enzymes on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality in broiler chickens
Authors: Spínola Maria P. , Costa Mónica M. , Tavares Beatriz , Pestana José M. , Tavares João C. , Martins Cátia F. , Alfaia Cristina M. , Maciel Verena , Carvalho Daniela F. P. , Mourato Miguel P. , Lordelo Madalena M. , Prates José A. M.
Published: August 2024

This study evaluates the effect of prolonged feeding with a high inclusion level of Spirulina, combined with peptidases, on broiler chicken’s growth performance, digesta viscosity, carcass attributes and meat quality. The experiment involved 120 male broilers divided into 40 battery brooders, each housing 3 birds. Post 7-day acclimatisation with a corn and soybean-based diet, the birds were provided with one of four diets: a corn and soybean meal-based diet (CON), a mix incorporating 15% Spirulina (SP), a Spirulina-rich mix supplemented with 0.025% of commercial VemoZyme® P (SPV), or a Spirulina-rich mix supplemented with 0.10% of porcine pancreatin (SPP). The CON group had higher body weight and weight gain (p < 0.001) and a lower feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001) from day 7–21, compared to the Spirulina-fed groups. Spirulina-fed chickens significantly increased ileum viscosity (p < 0.05). Spirulina also elevated the weight (p < 0.05) of the duodenum and the length (p < 0.001) of the entire gastrointestinal tract compared to CON. Breast and thigh muscles from Spirulina-fed broilers displayed higher values of yellowness (b*) (p < 0.001), pigments (p < 0.05), and n-3 PUFA (p < 0.01), while n-6/n-3 ratio (p < 0.001) and α-tocopherol (p < 0.001) decreased relative to the CON. In conclusion, the introduction of a high level of Spirulina into broiler diets for an extended duration, has the potential to diminish birds’ growth performance, possibly due to increased digesta viscosity. However, it does enhance the nutritional quality of the meat.
Multithreading-Based Algorithm for High-Performance Tchebichef Polynomials with Higher Orders
Authors: Al-sudani Ahlam Hanoon , Mahmmod Basheera M. , Sabir Firas A. , Abdulhussain Sadiq H. , Alsabah Muntadher , Flayyih Wameedh Nazar
Published: August 2024

Tchebichef polynomials (TPs) play a crucial role in various fields of mathematics and applied sciences, including numerical analysis, image and signal processing, and computer vision. This is due to the unique properties of the TPs and their remarkable performance. Nowadays, the demand for high-quality images (2D signals) is increasing and is expected to continue growing. The processing of these signals requires the generation of accurate and fast polynomials. The existing algorithms generate the TPs sequentially, and this is considered as computationally costly for high-order and larger-sized polynomials. To this end, we present a new efficient solution to overcome the limitation of sequential algorithms. The presented algorithm uses the parallel processing paradigm to leverage the computation cost. This is performed by utilizing the multicore and multithreading features of a CPU. The implementation of multithreaded algorithms for computing TP coefficients segments the computations into sub-tasks. These sub-tasks are executed concurrently on several threads across the available cores. The performance of the multithreaded algorithm is evaluated on various TP sizes, which demonstrates a significant improvement in computation time. Furthermore, a selection for the appropriate number of threads for the proposed algorithm is introduced. The results reveal that the proposed algorithm enhances the computation performance to provide a quick, steady, and accurate computation of the TP coefficients, making it a practical solution for different applications.
Numerical Study on the Influence of Inlet Turbulence Intensity on Turbine Cascades
Authors: Wu Xuan , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhu Junqiang , Lu Xingen
Published: August 2024

The turbulence intensity of the high-pressure turbine inlet plays an important role in the development of secondary flow and boundary layer evolution in the turbine passage. Unfortunately, current research often overlooks the coupling effect between boundary layer separation and endwall secondary flow, and lacks comprehensive exploration of loss variation. To complement existing research, this study utilizes numerical simulation techniques to investigate the evolution of the boundary layer and secondary flow in high-pressure turbine cascades under varying turbulence intensities, with experimental research results as the basis. Furthermore, the relationship between profile loss and endwall secondary flow loss is analyzed. The research results indicate that higher turbulence intensity can enhance the anti-separation ability of the boundary layer, thereby reducing the blade profile loss caused by separation in the boundary layer. However, higher turbulence intensities (Tu) enhance the development of secondary flow within the cascade, leading to a significant increase in secondary flow losses. Q-criterion methods are employed to display the vortex structures within the passage, while loss decomposition is leveraged to uncover the variations of different losses under different turbulence intensities (Tu of 1% and 6%).With the exception of a minor decrease in total pressure loss (Yp) when Tu increases from 1% to 2%, Yp demonstrates a substantial increase in all other cases with increasing Tu. Additionally, this study explains why the loss of high-pressure turbine cascades shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in inlet turbulence intensity.
Customized Plant Growth Promotion with Soil- and Cultivar-Compatible Microbial Biofertilizers
Authors: Schenk Peer M. , Batool Maria , Mirzaee Hooman , Abbott Adam
Published: August 2024

Organic fertilizers and microbial biofertilizers are now widely recognized to effectively complement traditional mineral fertilizers for plant growth. The present study shows that bio-organic fertilizers can be enhanced by the addition of functional plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that provide additional benefits to plants. We hypothesized that not all beneficial soil bacteria are functional in different farm soils and plant varieties; hence, the most effective PGPR that are suitable to each farm’s individual cropping conditions were selected. Five different field soils and their respective crops were tested for compatibility with six microbial biofertilizers (including three new bacterial strains) to supplement a commercially available bio-organic fertilizer. In pot trials with lucerne plants, four out of the six microbial treatments led to significant (p < 0.05) growth promotion benefits (up to 79.8% more leaves and dry weight) compared to mock-treated or bio-organic fertilizer-only-treated control plants. A trial with industrial hemp demonstrated that compatibility with PGPR occurs in a cultivar-specific manner, leading to growth promotion ranging from −3.4% to 68.9%, with each cultivar displaying a preference for a different PGPR. Finally, pot trials with Rhodes grass and two different soils demonstrated high yield increases compared to control plants, with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 33YE being most effective for one soil and Bacillus velezensis UQ9000N/Pseudomonas lini SMX2 for the other soil. Yield advantages reduced after several cuts of grass, but a repeat biofertilizer treatment at 69 days after the initial treatment restored high yield advantages, with the same PGPR again being most effective. These results demonstrate the importance of customization of microbial inoculants to identify the most compatible PGPR–cultivar–soil interaction. The customization of microbial biofertilizers to soils and plant cultivars, combined with complementary fertilizer applications, can potentially lead to more reliable and more sustainable agricultural practices.
Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Maize Husk Characteristics Associated with Gibberella Ear Rot Resistance
Authors: Magarini Andrea , Pirovano Anna , Ghidoli Martina , Cassani Elena , Casati Paola , Pilu Roberto
Published: August 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a vital crop susceptible to Gibberella ear rot (GER), a disease caused by Fusarium graminearum, resulting in significant yield losses and mycotoxin production. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ear characteristics and GER resistance in 74 maize inbred lines (42 with non-stiff stalks and 32 stiff stalks) adapted to the northern Italian environment. Mycotoxin analysis was performed to assess the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA). The results showed a positive correlation between the husk traits, like the husk number and husk cover, and GER resistance in both heterotic groups. A positive correlation was also found between the DON and ZEA concentrations. In addition, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) which identified novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the husk number, husk cover, ear attitude, and infection score. These QTLs can be utilized in marker-assisted selection for breeding new GER-resistant maize varieties. Our study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of ear traits and their relationship with GER resistance, which can contribute to an improvement in the environmental and economical sustainability of the corn growing system.
Effects of Different Living Grass Mulching on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in an Apple Orchard on Loess Plateau
Authors: Xiang Qian , Ma Tao , Wang Xianzhi , Yang Qian , Lv Long , Wang Ruobing , Li Jiaxuan , Ma Jingyong
Published: August 2024

Living grass mulching (LMG) is a modern, environmentally friendly, practical, and efficient production management technology that improves the ecological environment, quality, and efficiency of the orchard. However, in arid and semi-arid areas, the effects of different grass species mulching on soil carbon composition, carbon pool stability, and nitrogen content are still unclear. Therefore, in order to explore the impact of different LMG on soil carbon, nitrogen, and its component content, as well as the related soil carbon pool management index in an apple orchard located in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau, a control experiment was conducted. The experiment involved different grass species cover treatments on an 11-year-old semi-dwarf Qinguan apple orchard from 2019 to 2022. Soil carbon and nitrogen content were measured under each treatment. The results indicated that the application of LMG treatment and depth of the soil had a significant impact on the soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), inactive organic carbon (NAOC), total nitrogen (TN), and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N). Planting Vulpia myuros mulches significantly enhanced 39.6% surface soil organic carbon, 61.7% surface particulate organic carbon, 20.3% surface dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 75.8% surface inactive organic carbon, and 20.6% surface soil total nitrogen compared to clean tillage. Mulching treatment with the planting of Vulpia myuros boosted surface soil organic carbon and decreased soil carbon pool activity (CPA) and carbon pool activity index (CPAI), ultimately improving the stability of the soil carbon pool. The findings will have a beneficial impact on improving soil quality, carbon sequestration, and emission reduction in arid and semi-arid regions.
Comprehensive Analysis of Microsatellite Instability in Canine Cancers: Implications for Comparative Oncology and Personalized Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Mazzone Eugenio , Aresu Luca
Published: August 2024

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a crucial feature in cancer biology, yet its prevalence and significance in canine cancers remain largely unexplored. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of MSI across 10 distinct canine cancer histotypes using whole-exome sequencing data from 692 tumor-normal sample pairs. MSI was detected in 64% of tumors, with prevalence varying significantly among cancer types. B-cell lymphomas exhibited the highest MSI burden, contrasting with human studies. A novel “MSI-burden” score was developed, correlating significantly with tumor mutational burden. MSI-high (MSI-H) tumors showed elevated somatic mutation counts compared to MSI-low and microsatellite stable tumors. The study identified 3632 recurrent MSI-affected genomic regions across cancer types. Notably, seven of the ten cancer types exhibited MSI-H tumors, with prevalence ranging from 1.5% in melanomas to 37% in B-cell lymphomas. These findings highlight the potential importance of MSI in canine cancer biology and suggest opportunities for targeted therapies, particularly immunotherapies. The high prevalence of MSI in canine cancers, especially in B-cell lymphomas, warrants further investigation into its mechanistic role and potential as a biomarker for prognosis and treatment response.
Lesion Localization and Pathological Diagnosis of Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Based on MASK R-CNN
Authors: Chen Sixu , Zhang Pei , Duan Xujie , Bao Anyu , Wang Buyu , Zhang Yufei , Li Huiping , Zhang Liang , Liu Shuying
Published: August 2024

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a contagious lung tumour caused by the Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV). Histopathological diagnosis is the gold standard for OPA diagnosis. However, interpretation of traditional pathology images is complex and operator dependent. The mask regional convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) has emerged as a valuable tool in pathological diagnosis. This study utilized 54 typical OPA whole slide images (WSI) to extract 7167 typical lesion images containing OPA to construct a Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset for OPA pathological images. The dataset was categorized into training and test sets (8:2 ratio) for model training and validation. Mean average specificity (mASp) and average sensitivity (ASe) were used to evaluate model performance. Six WSI-level pathological images (three OPA and three non-OPA images), not included in the dataset, were used for anti-peeking model validation. A random selection of 500 images, not included in the dataset establishment, was used to compare the performance of the model with assessment by pathologists. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and concordance rate were evaluated. The model achieved a mASp of 0.573 and an ASe of 0.745, demonstrating effective lesion detection and alignment with expert annotation. In Anti-Peeking verification, the model showed good performance in locating OPA lesions and distinguished OPA from non-OPA pathological images. In the random 500-image diagnosis, the model achieved 92.8% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 88% specificity. The agreement rates between junior and senior pathologists were 100% and 96.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the Mask R-CNN-based OPA diagnostic model developed for OPA facilitates rapid and accurate diagnosis in practical applications.
Role of Oxidative Stress Signaling, Nrf2, on Survival and Stemness of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Exposed to X-rays, Protons and Carbon Ions
Authors: Hammad Mira , Salma Rima , Balosso Jacques , Rezvani Mohi , Haghdoost Siamak
Published: August 2024

Some cancers have a poor prognosis and often lead to local recurrence because they are resistant to available treatments, e.g., glioblastoma. Attempts have been made to increase the sensitivity of resistant tumors by targeting pathways involved in the resistance and combining it, for example, with radiotherapy (RT). We have previously reported that treating glioblastoma stem cells with an Nrf2 inhibitor increases their radiosensitivity. Unfortunately, the application of drugs can also affect normal cells. In the present study, we aim to investigate the role of the Nrf2 pathway in the survival and differentiation of normal human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) exposed to radiation. We treated ADSCs with an Nrf2 inhibitor and then exposed them to X-rays, protons or carbon ions. All three radiation qualities are used to treat cancer. The survival and differentiation abilities of the surviving ADSCs were studied. We found that the enhancing effect of Nrf2 inhibition on cell survival levels was radiation-quality-dependent (X-rays > proton > carbon ions). Furthermore, our results indicate that Nrf2 inhibition reduces stem cell differentiation by 35% and 28% for adipogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively, using all applied radiation qualities. Interestingly, the results show that the cells that survive proton and carbon ion irradiations have an increased ability, compared with X-rays, to differentiate into osteogenesis and adipogenesis lineages. Therefore, we can conclude that the use of carbon ions or protons can affect the stemness of irradiated ADSCs at lower levels than X-rays and is thus more beneficial for long-time cancer survivors, such as pediatric patients.
Enhancement of Heme-Oxygenase 1 in the Injured Peripheral Nerve Following Sulforaphane Administration Fosters Regeneration via Proliferation and Maintenance of Repair Schwann Cells
Authors: Szepanowski Fabian , Zipfel Jaqueline , Szepanowski Rebecca D. , Eggert Bianca , Güner Nail-Mert , Szepanowski Leon-Phillip , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Mausberg Anne K. , Stettner Mark
Published: August 2024

Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream effector heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) are commonly activated in response to cellular stresses. The elevated expression of HO-1 has been associated with markedly accelerated peripheral nerve regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a naturally occurring dietary Nrf2/HO-1 activator—sulforaphane (SFN)—on regeneration in a murine sciatic nerve crush model. The beneficial safety profile of SFN has been thoroughly investigated and confirmed several times. Here, SFN was administered daily, starting immediately after C57BL/6 mice were subjected to sciatic nerve crush injury. Injured sciatic nerves were excised at various time points post injury for molecular, immunohistochemical and morphometric analyses. Moreover, functional assessment was performed by grip strength analysis and electrophysiology. Following SFN treatment, the early response to injury includes a modulation of autophagic pathways and marked upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 expression. This enhancement of HO-1 expression was maintained throughout the regeneration phase and accompanied by a significant increase in repair Schwann cells. In these cells, elevated proliferation rates were observed. Significant improvements in grip strength test performance, nerve conduction velocity and remyelination were also noted following SFN treatment. Collectively, SFN modulates cytoprotective and autophagic pathways in the injured nerve, increasing the number of repair Schwann cells and contributing to effective nerve regeneration. Given the availability of SFN as a nutritional supplement, this compound might constitute a novel regenerative approach with broad patient accessibility and further studies on this topic are warranted.
Research on AGV Path Planning Integrating an Improved A* Algorithm and DWA Algorithm
Authors: Sang Wenpeng , Yue Yaoshun , Zhai Kaiwei , Lin Maohai
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of the economy and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the printing and packaging industry plays an increasingly important role in people’s lives. The traditional printing industry is a discrete manufacturing industry, relying on a large amount of manpower and manual operation, low production efficiency, higher labor costs, wasting of resources, and other issues, so the realization of printing factory intelligence to improve the competitiveness of the industry is an important initiative. Automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) are an important part of an intelligent factory, serving the function of automatic transportation of materials and products. To optimize the movement paths of AGVs, enhance safety, and improve transportation efficiency and productivity, this paper proposes an alternative implementation of the A* algorithm. The proposed algorithm improves search efficiency and path smoothness by incorporating the grid obstacle rate and enhancing the heuristic function within the A* algorithm’s evaluation function. This introduces the evaluation subfunction of the nearest distance between the AGV, the known obstacle, and the unknown obstacle in the global path in the dynamic window approach (DWA algorithm), and reduces the interference of obstacles with the AGV in global path planning. Finally, the two improved algorithms are combined into a new fusion algorithm. The experimental results show that the search efficiency of the fusion algorithm significantly improved and the transportation time shortened. The path smoothness significantly improved, and the closest distance to obstacles increased, reducing the risk of collision. It can thus effectively improve the productivity of an intelligent printing factory and enhance its flexibility.
Multidisciplinary Reliability Design Optimization Modeling Based on SysML
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Jihong , Chen Xu
Published: August 2024

Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) supports the system-level design of complex products effectively. Currently, system design and optimization for complex products are two distinct processes that must be executed using different software or platforms, involving intricate data conversion processes. Applying multidisciplinary optimization to validate system optimization often necessitates remodeling the optimization objects, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and highly error-prone. A critical activity in systems engineering is identifying the optimal design solution for the entire system. Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) and reliability analysis are essential methods for achieving this. This paper proposes a SysML-based multidisciplinary reliability design optimization modeling method. First, by analyzing the definitions and mathematical models of multidisciplinary reliability design optimization, the SysML extension mechanism is employed to represent the optimization model based on SysML. Next, model transformation techniques are used to convert the SysML optimization model generated in the first stage into an XML description model readable by optimization solvers. Finally, the proposed method’s effectiveness is validated through an engineering case study of an in-vehicle environmental control integration system. The results demonstrate that this method fully utilizes SysML to express MDO problems, enhancing the efficiency of design optimization for complex systems. Engineers and system designers working on complex, multidisciplinary projects can particularly benefit from these advancements, as they simplify the integration of design and optimization processes, facilitating more reliable and efficient product development.
Deep Learning-Based Calculation Method for the Dry Beach Length in Tailing Ponds Using Satellite Images
Authors: Duan Zhijie , Tian Yu , Li Quanming , Liu Guangyu , Cui Xuan , Zhang Shumao
Published: August 2024

The dry beach length determines the hydraulic boundary of tailings impoundments and significantly impacts the infiltration line, which is crucial for the tailings dam. A deep learning method utilizing satellite images is presented to recognize the dry beach area and accurately measure the length of dry beaches in tailing ponds. Firstly, satellite images of various tailing ponds were gathered and the collection was enlarged to create a dataset of satellite images of tailing ponds. Then, a deep learning method was created using YOLOv5-seg to identify the dry beach area of tailing ponds from satellite images. The mask of the dry beach region was segmented and contour extraction was then carried out. Finally, the beach crest line was fitted based on the extracted contour. The pixel distance between the beach crest line and the dry beach boundary was measured and then translated into real distance by ground resolution. This paper’s case study compared the calculated length of dry beach with the real length obtained by field monitoring. The results of the case study showed that the minimum error of the method was 2.10%, the maximum error was 3.46%, and the average error was 2.70%, indicating high precision for calculating dry beach length in tailing ponds.
Assessing the Degradation Status of the Imperial Doors of the Ascension Church, Grindu Commune, Romania
Authors: Duliu Octavian G. , Emandi Ana , Marinescu Maria , Cinteza Otilia , Stanculescu Ioana , Ionescu Liliana , Filimon Daniela
Published: August 2024

To asses the degradation status of the Imperial Doors of the early 19th century Ascension Church iconostasis, a complex study consisting of micro-optical and scanning electron microscopy followed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed. Accordingly, the entire left door and some small fragments of gilded wood were investigated. The final results evidenced a certain degree of degradation of the lime wood and gilded surfaces, mainly due to the bacterial and fungi attacks given the increased humidity and the presence of more than a century of candle soot. Also, some unsuccessful restorations performed using brass paint instead of gold foils were evidenced. Overall, this study permitted elaborating more appropriate procedures for the iconostasis’ full restoration to its initial form, given that the Ascension Church is classified as a historical objective of national and universal value.
Strengthening Polymer Concrete with Carbon and Basalt Fibres
Authors: Akzharkyn Igbayeva , Yelemessov Kassym , Baskanbayeva Dinara , Martyushev Nikita V. , Skeeba Vadim Y. , Konyukhov Vladimir Yu. , Oparina Tatiana A.
Published: August 2024

To date, composite materials, such as polymer concrete, have found wide application in various industries due to their unique properties combining high strength, resistance to aggressive media and durability. Improving the performance characteristics of polymer concrete is an important task aimed at expanding the areas of its application. One of the promising methods of increasing the strength of this material is the use of various fillers. In this paper, the effect of fillers, based on carbon and basalt fibres, on the mechanical properties of polymer concrete was investigated. The polymer concrete was made of the following components: rubble stone, sand, quartz flour and polyester resin. During the experimental work, the amount of carbon and basalt fibres in the polymer concrete mixture varied from 0 to 6%. Bending and compressive strength tests showed that the addition of carbon and basalt fibres increased these properties. The highest bending and compressive strengths were achieved when carbon fibre contents were up to 1.5%, while basalt fibres provided the highest strengths in the case of around 2%. These results confirmed that carbon fibres had a higher efficiency in strengthening polymer concrete compared to that of basalt fibres. This could be explained by the fact that carbon fibres had a higher tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, which allowed them to better redistribute loads within the composite material. The fibre length for carbon fibre, which gave the maximum increase in properties, was 10–15 mm. For basalt fibre, the maximum bending strength was reached at 20 mm and compressive strength at 10 mm. Increasing the content of carbon fibre above 2% and basalt fibre above 1.5% did not give further increase in mechanical properties. In conclusion, it could be stated that the use of carbon fibres as fillers offered significant advantages in strengthening polymer concrete, opening up opportunities for its use in more demanding conditions and in a wider range of industrial applications.
Characterization of a Modified Clinical Linear Accelerator for Ultra-High Dose Rate Beam Delivery
Authors: Deut Umberto , Camperi Aurora , Cavicchi Cristiano , Cirio Roberto , Data Emanuele Maria , Durisi Elisabetta Alessandra , Ferrero Veronica , Ferro Arianna , Giordanengo Simona , Villarreal Oscar Martì , Mas Milian Felix , Medina Elisabetta , Olivares Diango M. Montalvan , Mostardi Franco , Monti Valeria , Sacchi Roberto , Salmeri Edoardo , Vignati Anna
Published: August 2024

Irradiations at Ultra-High Dose Rate (UHDR) regimes, exceeding 40 Gy/s in single fractions lasting less than 200 ms, have shown an equivalent antitumor effect compared to conventional radiotherapy with reduced harm to normal tissues. This work details the hardware and software modifications implemented to deliver 10 MeV UHDR electron beams with a linear accelerator Elekta SL 18 MV and the beam characteristics obtained. GafChromic EBT XD films and an Advanced Markus chamber were used for dosimetry characterization, while a silicon sensor assessed the machine’s beam pulses stability and repeatability. The dose per pulse, average dose rate and instantaneous dose rate in the pulse were evaluated for four experimental settings, varying the source-to-surface distance and the beam collimation, i.e., with and without the use of a cylindrical applicator. The results showed a dose per pulse from 0.6 Gy to a few tens of Gy and an average dose rate up to 300 Gy/s. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility to perform in vitro radiobiology experiments and test new technologies for beam monitoring and dosimetry at the upgraded LINAC, thus contributing to the electron UHDR research field.
Assessing Effective Doses and Proposing DRLs for Pediatric CT Procedures in Madinah (Single Hospital), Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aloufi Khalid M. , Alhazmi Fahad H. , Alrehily Faisal A. , Alraddadi Nadia S. , Alharbi Ahmed S. , Alamin Amjad M. , Alraddadi Nawaf S. , Alenezi Abaad A. , Hadi Fai H.
Published: August 2024

This study aims to assess effective radiation doses (EDs) for pediatric computed tomography (CT) procedures in Madinah (single hospital), Saudi Arabia, and propose diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for these procedures. This retrospective study collected data from 600 pediatric patients who underwent five CT procedures. The data were categorized by the type of CT procedure and the age of the patients. EDs and proposed DRLs for the pediatric CT procedures were computed. The highest EDs were found for abdominal (6.3 mSv) and head (4.8 mSv) CT procedures in pediatric patients aged <1 year. DRLs of the CTDIvol and DLP for abdominal and head CT procedures in pediatric patients aged <1 year were 4.2 mGy, 94 mGy.cm and 25 mGy, 414 mGy.cm, respectively. Chest EDs had the lowest EDs among all pediatric CT procedures, with EDs of 1.93, 1.51, 1.91, and 2.05 mSv in patients aged <1, 1 ≤ to < 5, 5 ≤ to < 10, and 10 ≤ to ≤ 15 years, respectively. It can be concluded that optimization is required for abdominal and head CT procedures in pediatric patients aged <1 year. Frequent updates on ED and DRL calculations will help monitor radiation doses and minimize radiation risks for patients undergoing these procedures.
Mathematical Perspectives on Consumer Spending during a Financial Crisis
Authors: Chikore Tichaona , Nyabadza Farai , Shaale Maria
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the mathematical dynamics of consumer spending during a financial crisis using opponent process theory (OPT). Traditionally applied in psychology, OPT explains how initial emotional responses are followed by counteracting reactions to restore equilibrium. This study models the short-term boost in consumer spending and subsequent economic adjustments. Utilizing differential equations to represent these processes, this paper provides insights into the interplay between immediate policy effects and longer-term economic consequences. We focus on the United States (US) response to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis in this study. Results show evidence of diminishing response from prolonged stimuli due to demand saturation, resource allocation inefficiencies, and agent adaptation. Monetary stimuli may inflate debt/prices, outweighing benefits, and structural issues persist despite stimuli. Confidence and expectations impact response because perceived ineffectiveness weakens impact over time. Thus, while stimuli can initially boost activity, their sustained impact demands careful consideration of economic dynamics and agents’ responses.