bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pesquisa militante na América Latina hoje: reflexões sobre as desigualdades e as possibilidades de produção de conhecimentos
Authors: Bringel Breno , Varella Renata Versiani Scott
Published: August 2016

Retomando o debate clássico entre teoria e prática e entendendo que o conhecimento científico não é apartado da realidade social, bem como da instituição na qual está inserido, o presente artigo abrangente as possibilidades de atualização da pesquisa militante na América Latina hoje. Para isso, discute-se a relação entre desigualdades e produção de conhecimento na América Latina em perspectiva histórica; posteriormente, investiga-se o campo da pesquisa militante na região, discutindo possibilidades de sua atualização e elaborando uma conceituação inicial; depois, resgata-se algumas referencias teórico-metodológicas oriundas de matrizes político-ideológicas clássicas da pesquisa militante na América Latina, examinando alguns de seus aportes no tocante à produção de conhecimentos e à relação teoria/práxis; e, finalmente, dentro do esforço inicial, e inevitavelmente parcial feito ao longo do artigo, de atualização da discussão sobre a pesquisa militante hoje, alguns desafios são elencados, deixando a conclusão aberta, esperando que seu aprofundamento em textos e pesquisas subsequentes permita continuar abrindo espaços teóricos e práticos para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas socialmente engajadas.
Justiça em uma perspectiva de gênero: elementos teóricos, normativos e metodológicos
Authors: Severi Fabiana Cristina
Published: August 2016

No presente artigo, o objetivo é reunir alguns aportes teóricos e metodológicos do pensamento feminista que possam subsidiar agentes do sistema de justiça na análise do Direito em uma perspectiva de gênero e na efetivação do direito das mulheres ao acesso à justiça. Para isso, farei uma breve apresentação das principais referências normativas dos sistemas de proteção internacional e interamericano de direitos humanos sobre a responsabilidade do Estado em eliminar os estereótipos produtores de discriminações interseccionais contra as mulheres, bem como de alguns aspectos pontuais das linhas dos debates teóricos e jurídicos feministas dos anos 1990 sobre igualdade que deram suporte à construção de tais ferramentas. Trata-se, portanto, de uma revisão bibliográfica, de caráter exploratório, com o propósito de subsidiar o aprofundamento do debate, no Brasil, sobre direitos humanos das mulheres, acesso à justiça e democratização do sistema de justiça.
Reconciliation and third-party affiliation in pair-bond budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)
Authors: Ikkatai Yuko , Watanabe Shigeru , Izawa Ei-Ichi
Published: August 2016

Some group-living animals show conciliatory tendencies towards specific group members after conflicts, referred to as post-conflict affiliation (PC-affiliation). PC-affiliation with a former opponent and a third-party bystander is classified as ‘reconciliation’ and ‘third-party affiliation’, respectively. PC-affiliation is assumed to be mediated by high-quality social relationships between individuals. Recently, studies assessing lifelong monogamous birds, such as corvids, have found PC-affiliation as a case of convergent evolution with regard to primates. Nevertheless, PC-affiliation divergence in birds is still poorly understood. Here, we report that pair-bonds of budgerigars, a lifelong-monogamous small parrot, engage in both reconciliation and third-party affiliation. We also found that males initiated both types of PC-affiliation more often than females. However, during reconciliation, this skewed affiliation pattern was unlikely specific to the PC-context but could also stem from sex differences in basic social-behavioural features (i.e., female dominance over males and males’ primary role in initiating affiliation with females), which are common outside the PC-context. Conversely, the third-party PC-affiliation pattern was significantly different from the basic affiliation pattern: affiliations were initiated more often by combatant winners, by bystander males toward defeated females, and less often by defeated males. These results suggest specific signal and stress reduction functions related to PC-affiliation among budgerigar pair-bonds. The present study supports the view that PC-affiliations, based on high-quality relationships, did not only evolve in mammals but also in birds, with species-specific forms associated with social behavioural tendencies.
A comparison between two ways to measure minimum frequency and an experimental test of vocal plasticity in red-winged blackbirds in response to noise
Authors: Ríos-Chelén Alejandro A. , Lee Gavin C. , Patricelli Gail L.
Published: August 2016

We examined whether red-winged blackbirds modulate their vocalizations in response to experimental highway noise, alternating between ambient-control and noise-playback periods. Our measures of song duration were shorter, and with a lower value of freq5% (a measure of energy distribution), during noise-playback; however, we interpret these results as noise-induced artefacts. This apparent lack of vocal plasticity should be taken cautiously because we had a small sample size and most birds produced only one song type: song type-related vocal plasticity was unlikely to be found. We found no evidence of a shift in minimum frequency with noise when this was measured with a threshold method on power spectra, but it seemed to increase when measured by eye from spectrograms. Our results suggest that the by-eye practice can lead to bias, which is problematic as several previous studies have used this procedure. Use of the threshold method, over the by-eye practice, is encouraged.
Taxonomy and ecology of Fragilaria billingsii sp. nov. and analysis of type material of Synedra rumpens var. fusa (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) from Brazil
Authors: WENGRAT SIMONE , MORALES EDUARDO A. , WETZEL CARLOS E. , ALMEIDA PRYSCILLA D. , ECTOR LUC , BICUDO DENISE C.
Published: August 2016

Synedra rumpens var. fusa was originally described by Patrick, but there are only a few subsequent records of this variety in the literature. Analysis of samples from Brazilian reservoirs containing a morphologically similar taxon led us to the analysis of the type material of S. rumpens var. fusa, performed using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the present manuscript, an amendment to the description of the var. fusa is made and its transfer to the genus Fragilaria as F. fusa comb. et stat. nov. is proposed. Moreover, Fragilaria billingsii sp. nov. is described from a large multipurpose reservoir from the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Comparative discussions with morphologically related taxa found in the literature are presented. Regarding ecological preferences, the new species was found living in slightly acidic and meso-eutrophic waters.
Taxonomy of two endemic Indian skinks, Eutropis bibronii (Gray, 1838)
and E. nagarjunensis (Sharma, 1969) (Reptilia: Scincidae), including redescriptions of their types
Authors: AMARASINGHE A.A. THASUN. , CAMPBELL PATRICK D. , CHANDRAMOULI S.R. , DEUTI KAUSHIK , RAHA SUJOY , KARUNARATHNA D.M.S. SURANJAN , INEICH IVAN
Published: August 2016

Tiliqua bibronii was described by J.E. Gray in December, 1838 based on two syntypes (MNHN-RA 2940, 7076), but the details for locality was missing. These syntypes are currently housed at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN-RA). The same species (based on the same type specimens) was described by A.M.C. Duméril & G. Bibron in November, 1839 nearly one year after Gray’s publication. As such, Gray’s publication must therefore be given priority. Another species, Euprepis trilineatus, from Madras, Tamil Nadu, India, was described by Gray in 1846, and it is morphologically similar to E. bibronii. Later, Boulenger (1885) synonymised it with E. bibronii. Eutropis bibronii has subsequently been recorded from other parts of India and Sri Lanka by various authors. Many years later, a closely related species, Mabuya nagarjuni (sic) Sharma, 1969, was described from Andhra Pradesh, India, based on two specimens (a holotype and a paratype) housed at the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata (ZSI). Here we make a correction for the species epithet as “nagarjunensis” which should be a toponym, not a patronym. Among the skink collections at the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH), ZSI, and MNHN-RA we found E. bibronii specimens collected from various locations in India, but we were unable to find any specimens from Sri Lanka. Based on morphological evidence, E. bibronii represents a single, fairly widespread, species which has to be considered endemic to India. Although, recent phylogenetic studies reveal a distinct genetic divergence between E. bibronii and E. nagarjunensis, both species are morphologically very similar to each other. Here, we examine the morphology of E. nagarjunensis based on the ZSI specimens. A comprehensive comparison between the syntypes of E. bibronii and Euprepis trilineatus confirms that the latter nomen is a junior synonym of the former. The original description of E. bibronii is extremely concise and lacks most of the important diagnostic characters, so here we provide a comprehensive redescription of the species based on the examination of its syntypes.
Redescriptions and new host records of chewing lice of the genus Ricinus (Phthiraptera: Ricinidae) from the Neotropical Region
Authors: VALAN MIROSLAV , SYCHRA OLDRICH , LITERAK IVAN
Published: August 2016

Two species of the chewing louse genus Ricinus are redescribed and illustrated: Ricinus dalgleishi Nelson, 1972 from Helmitheros vermivorum (Gmelin, 1789), a new host-louse association, and Ricinus tanagraephilus Eichler, 1956 from Euphonia laniirostris d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837. Also, new host-louse associations are recorded for Ricinus vireoensis Nelson, 1972 from Vireo pallens Salvin, 1863, and for females of an unidentified species of Ricinus sp. from Corythopis delalandi (Lesson, 1831), which are described and illustrated.
Nomina nova in Platyhelminthes pro Macrorhynchus von Graff, 1882 (non [Gmelin, 1801]; non Dunker, 1843), and Leptocleidus Mueller, 1936 (non Andrews, 1922)
Authors: HORNUNG JAHN J.
Published: August 2016

Two genus-group names of flat-worms—Leptocleidus Mueller, 1936 and Macrorhynchus von Graff, 1882—are junior homonyms that are preoccupied by fossil diapsid reptile genera—Leptocleidus Andrews, 1922, and Macrorhynchus Dunker, 1843—and an extant teleost fish genus—Macrorhynchus [Gmelin, 1801] ex La Cépède, 1800. These are replaced by nomina nova (Pharyngodytes nom. nov.; Graffiellus nom. nov.). Macrorhynchus [Gmelin, 1801] is an objective senior synonym of Macrorhyncus Dumeríl, 1805 ex La Cépède, 1800 (syn. nov.), and a senior homonym of Macrorhynchus Dunker, 1843, and Macrorhynchus von Graff, 1882.
Celiac and Superior/Inferior Mesenteric Angioplasty and Stenting for Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Rajaratnam Kanapathi , Paraskevas Kosmas I. , Ramli Ahmad Hariz , Shehata Amro , Jackson Ralph , Clarke Michael J.
Published: August 2016

Angioplasty and stenting emerged as the less invasive treatment options compared to open surgical revascularization for the management of patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI). However, endovascular techniques may not achieve symptomatic relief in many patients with CMI. We report our results from the endovascular management of patients with CMI. Data were reviewed from 45 patients undergoing celiac and/or mesenteric angioplasty and stenting for CMI, from October 2006 to January 2016. Angioplasty and stenting of celiac and/or mesenteric arteries were successful in relieving symptoms completely in 29 of 45 and partially in 6 of 45 patients. Only 10 of 45 patients mentioned no improvement, while symptom recurrence occurred in another 3 of 45 patients between 3 and 36 months postprocedurally due to stent occlusion. Angioplasty and stenting of celiac and/or mesenteric arteries provide symptomatic relief in a considerable percentage of patients with CMI. If symptoms fail to improve, an open surgical revascularization procedure should be considered.
Validation of a rapid, automated method for the measurement of ethylene glycol in human plasma
Authors: Robson Anna F , Lawson Alexander J , Lewis Laura , Jones Alan , George Stephen
Published: August 2016

Background

Ethylene glycol is a highly toxic compound found in various household products. Cases of poisoning are rare but may be fatal unless diagnosed and treated promptly. Early recognition of poisoning is critical for the management and recovery of patients. Indirect testing is not specific for the presence of ethylene glycol. Therefore, urgent and accurate measurement should be sought if ingestion is suspected in order to determine the need for treatment with an antidote. Here, we present the validation of an automated assay for measurement of ethylene glycol on an Abbott Architect using a commercially available kit (Catachem).

Methods

Analytical parameters of imprecision, linearity, stability and bias were determined using spiked human plasma samples processed on both the Catachem assay and on an in-house gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Interference was assessed using samples collected into a variety of sample collection tubes and spiked with a number of alcohols.

Results

Excellent agreement was observed between the two methodologies with the enzymatic assay demonstrating linearity and precision across the relevant clinical range (50–3000 mg/L). In addition, the Catachem assay displayed no interference from a number of different sample tubes and alcohols. However, propylene glycol interference was observed at concentrations associated with excessive use (>1 g/L) and 2,3-butanediol interference observed at concentrations associated with butanone ingestion. Inspection of the enzymatic reaction profile was found to differentiate between alcohols.

Conclusions

This automated assay is suitable for the diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning and is now in routine use, enabling the laboratory to provide a rapid 24 h service with support by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as necessary.
Mycophenolic acid exposure and complement fraction C3 influence inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mino Yasuaki , Naito Takafumi , Shimoyama Kumiko , Ogawa Noriyoshi , Kawakami Junichi
Published: August 2016

Background

Mycophenolate mofetil has recently been reported to be effective against systemic lupus erythematosus. The influence of the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid, the active form of mycophenolate mofetil and the major inactive mycophenolic acid phenolic glucuronide on the activity of the target enzyme inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase, is expected to be revealed. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Methods

Fifty systemic lupus erythematosus patients in remission maintenance phase (29 received mycophenolate mofetil [MMF+] and 21 did not [MMF−]) were enrolled. Median and interquartile range of dose of mycophenolate mofetil were 1500 and 1000–1500 mg/day, respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the dependence between inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity and 25 predictor values including predose plasma concentrations of free mycophenolic acid and mycophenolic acid phenolic glucuronide.

Results

Median and interquartile range of predose total plasma concentrations of mycophenolic acid and mycophenolic acid phenolic glucuronide were 2.73 and 1.43–5.73 and 25.5 and 13.1–54.7  µg/mL, respectively. Predose inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher in MMF+ than MMF− patients (median 38.3 and 20.6 nmoL xanthosine 5′-monophosphate/g haemoglobin/h, P<0.01). The plasma concentration of free mycophenolic acid phenolic glucuronide, complement fraction C3 and body weight were significant predictors accounting for interindividual variability in the inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity (adjusted R2 = 0.52, P < 0.01) in a multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Predose inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity was higher in systemic lupus erythematosus patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity may be determined by mycophenolic acid exposure and complement fraction C3 in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
Muslim Immigrant Parents’ Social Status Moderates the Link Between Religious Parenting and Children’s Identification with the Heritage and Host Culture
Authors: Spiegler Olivia , Güngör Derya , Leyendecker Birgit
Published: August 2016

This study addresses the question of whether and when religious parenting is a bridge or a barrier to Muslim immigrant children’s integration. Integration was defined as children’s identification with the heritage culture and the host culture. Participants included 210 self-identified Turkish Muslim mothers, children (aged 9-14), and 115 fathers in Germany. All family members filled in questionnaires on identification with Turks and identification with Germans; in addition both parents reported on religious parenting and children on religiosity. Results of multivariate regression analyses revealed that religious parenting was negatively related to children’s identification with Germans but positively related to children’s identification with Turks through increased child religiosity. However, additional multiple-group analyses revealed that only the religious parenting of lower educated parents and first-generation mothers reduced the likelihood of children’s identification with Germans. The religious parenting of higher educated parents and second-generation mothers did not affect children’s identification with Germans but promoted children’s identification with Turks. Taken together, the findings highlight the diverse roles of religious parenting in cultural socialization processes in Muslim immigrant families.
Parenting as a Protective Factor against Criminogenic Settings? Interaction Effects between Three Aspects of Parenting and Unstructured Socializing in Disordered Areas
Authors: Janssen Heleen J. , Weerman Frank M. , Eichelsheim Veroni I.
Published: August 2016

Objectives:

We examined the extent to which different aspects of parenting are able to moderate the association between spending time unstructured socializing (US) in urban areas with high disorder and adolescent delinquency.

Methods:

We used detailed data on time use, disorder in neighborhoods, parenting, and delinquency among 603 adolescents (aged 11–17 at T1) from the study of peers, activities, and neighborhoods, a two-wave longitudinal study with an interval of two years between measurements. Longitudinal multilevel analyses were used to examine interactions effects between parenting aspects and mean differences as well as individual changes in time spent unstructured socializing in areas with high disorder.

Results:

We did not find between-person level interaction effects between parenting and time spent in criminogenic settings. Our cross-level analyses, however, indicated that levels of parental monitoring as well as the quality of the parent–adolescent relationship mitigated the effects of changes in time spent in criminogenic settings.

Conclusions:

Whether increases in time spent in criminogenic settings are related to increases in delinquency seems to be conditional on the level of parental monitoring and the quality of the parent–adolescent relationship. If these aspects of parenting are sufficient, changes in time spent in criminogenic settings are not necessarily detrimental.
Choice, Preferences, and Constraints
Authors: Denice Patrick , Gross Betheny
Published: August 2016

Does ‘‘choosing a home’’ still matter for ‘‘choosing a school,’’ despite implementation of school choice policies designed to weaken this link? Prior research shows how the presence of such policies does little to solve the problems of stratification and segregation associated with residentially based enrollment systems, since families differ along racial/ethnic and socioeconomic lines in their access to, and how they participate in, the school choice process. We examine how families’ nearby school supply shapes and constrains their choices. Drawing on a unique dataset consisting of parents’ ranked preferences from among one urban district’s full menu of public schools, we find that Hispanic, white, and black parents share a strong preference for academic performance, but differences in their choices can be traced to variation in nearby supply. Our findings illustrate how the vastly different sets of schools from which parents can choose reproduce race-based patterns of stratification.
Cross-Group Investigations: Youth Gangs in Medellin, Colombia
Authors: Drummond Holli , Dizgun John , Keeling David
Published: August 2016

The present study evaluates adolescent gang involvement using cross-sectional survey data from 1,475 adolescents living in a disadvantaged Comuna in Medellin, Colombia. Specifically, we examine the prevalence of former and current gang membership, affiliation with gang members, and lives untouched by any gang association. Once these groups are established, we identify variation in membership on the basis of demographic and theoretical variables, and determine whether such variation can be described by using the selection, facilitation, and enhancement models developed by Thornberry et al. While our results, consistent with many prior findings using North American samples, support the selection model for most theoretical variables and enhancement for behavioral outcomes, our strongest contribution is our study’s ability to demonstrate the temporal impact of gang involvement.
Teaching Critical Perspectives on Body Weight
Authors: Hutson David J.
Published: August 2016

While most sociology students are well prepared to think critically about inequalities involving race, gender, social class, and sexuality, the topics of body weight and health present some challenges for classroom discussion. Primarily, this is due to the body’s status in contemporary society as simultaneously malleable (able to be changed) and intractable (an indicator of moral worth). Such associations lead to cases of size discrimination—what is often called “sizeism”—with impacts similar to what is experienced around race and gender discrimination. To challenge students’ taken-for-granted assumptions regarding weight and health, I detail two classroom techniques involving deconstructing the obesity “epidemic” and comparing the pro-ana community to bodybuilders for their similar use of extreme behaviors to achieve ideal bodies. In this way, students learn to critically assess something that has held a stigmatized position (fatness) as well as something that has held a valued position (thinness).
A Happy and Engaged Class Without Cell Phones? It’s Easier Than You Think
Authors: Katz Louise , Lambert Warren
Published: August 2016

Although there have been many suggestions for incorporating cell phone use into classroom activities, there have been few suggestions for removing cell phone use from the classroom. This article presents an easy-to-implement method using positive reinforcement that effectively removes cell phones from the classroom in a way that is highly endorsed by students and that greatly fosters student engagement, class participation, and a focused and respectful classroom atmosphere. In a quasi-experiment, we found significant correlations between giving up cell phones and students’ test grades, overall grade point average (GPA), semester’s GPA, and attendance. Rate of improvement of higher and lower participators suggested that better students were more likely to give up their cell phones to earn an extra point toward their final course grade.
The new instantaneity: how social media are helping us privilege the (politically) correct over the true
Authors: Herzogenrath-Amelung Heidi
Published: August 2016

The recent sacking of the eminent scientist Tim Hunt from one of the United Kingdom’s leading research institutions is only the latest in a series of cases where public individuals have been derided for comments made in jest on social media, with serious consequences for their professional and personal lives. This article discusses the case of Tim Hunt as an example of the extent to which the privileging of the correct over the true which has long pervaded media discourse is taken to the extreme by the instant-response culture of social media. It points to the emergence of a new form of instantaneity enabled by these networked forms of communication that serves to reinforce systemic inaction rather than the change widely associated with these technologies. It draws on philosophy and critical theory as useful conceptual frameworks for highlighting the ways in which Twitter and co. increasingly call us to action but crowd out thought, thereby passing over opportunities for real social change.
A bear’s biography: Hybrid warfare and the more-than-human battlespace
Authors: Forsyth Isla
Published: August 2016

This paper makes an intervention highlighting the animal dimension of military geographies as an overlooked yet illuminating aspect of the hybrid nature of warfare. By bringing animal geographies into dialogue with critical military geographies and with a focus on relational ethics, the processes, performance and consequences of the more-than-human nature of the battlespace are examined through a vignette of Wojtek the bear. Wojtek was a mascot, pet and officially enlisted soldier of the Polish Army in the Second World War who travelled the desert plains, helped to fight at the Battle of Monte Cassino, before being demobbed with his fellow Polish comrades in the UK, eventually ending his civilian days in Edinburgh Zoo. Although a well-known figure Wojtek and his biography have predominately been used as a means to explore the Polish soldiers’ experience of the Second World War with the result that the bear as an animal is absent. This paper, therefore, puts the bear back into his biography in order to acknowledge the role and lived experience of animals in the military. Further, it suggests that exploring the place of animals in the military requires geographers to articulate the hybrid nature of warfare and also to explore the ethico-political relations this produces.
Activating the role of the public library towards Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Kuwait
Authors: Ghuloum Husain F. , Alyacoub Waleed M.
Published: August 2016

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), according to the latest figures and studies, affects a large segment of people who need more services from all fields in their countries whether they be the educational sector, health sector, or others. Public libraries are considered to be one of the most important sources of information for the whole community. Furthermore, the core aim of this type of library is to identify community needs, to provide materials, programs and technologies to meet those needs, and to cooperate with other agencies and organisations which serve the community as a whole. Although individuals with ASD are considered an important part of the population of the State of Kuwait, libraries and public libraries, in particular, do not pay attention to this segment for several reasons, such as lack of sufficient awareness of ASD. Public libraries` services to individuals with ASD are not clear and need to be investigated. This research attempts to investigate the new role of public libraries in order to serve individuals with ASD and their families in the Kuwait. Data was gathered from individuals with ASD and/or their families by using questionnaires and by interviews with 27 librarians in Kuwaiti public libraries.
Exceptional membership and liminal space of identity: Student migration from Taiwan to China
Authors: Lan Pei-Chia , Wu Yi-Fan
Published: August 2016

The opening of China’s economy has attracted an inflow of Taiwanese migrants, including student migration for higher education. Taiwanese migrants in China have created a ‘transnational social field,’ which is simultaneously an exceptional space of sovereignty and a liminal terrain of identity. Based on in-depth interviews with 61 Taiwanese students in China, this article looks into the paradoxes between nationalization and globalization at the intersection of state policy, migration trajectory, and identity politics. The Chinese government has offered Taiwanese citizens exceptional membership and privileged access to college admission, in order to uphold China’s claim of sovereignty over Taiwan and promote the agenda of reunification. Taiwanese students capitalize on such institutional privilege and cultural ties to facilitate their transnational mobility and flexible capital accumulation. They also develop different strategies to negotiate their ethnic or national identification: assimilating as Chinese, reasserting a Taiwanese identity, and claiming a cosmopolitan identity.
Singapore Primary Students’ Pursuit of Multiple Achievement Goals: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Ning Hoi Kwan
Published: August 2016

Based on measures of approach and avoidance mastery and performance goals delineated in the 2 × 2 achievement goal framework, this study utilized a person-centered approach to examine Singapore primary students’ ( N = 819) multiple goals pursuit in the general school context. Latent profile analysis identified six types of students with distinct patterns of achievement goal motivation: high goal-oriented (strong multiple goals), average goal-oriented (moderate multiple goals), low goal-oriented (weak multiple goals), performance and approach-oriented (high mastery- and performance-approach, high performance-avoidance, low mastery-avoidance), approach-oriented (high mastery- and performance-approach, low mastery- and performance-avoidance), and mastery-oriented (moderate mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance, low performance-approach and performance-avoidance). Significant profile differences were detected in various measures of deep and surface learning strategies, metacognitive strategies, and mathematics test performance. The high goal-oriented profile appeared to be the most adaptive in relation to these learning outcomes, followed by the performance and approach-oriented, the mastery-oriented, and the approach-oriented profiles.
Simulation on size effect of notched quasi-isotropic composite laminates under tensile loading
Authors: Tang Kaili , Bao Hongchen , Liu Guangyan
Published: August 2016

The formation of longitudinal splitting alleviates the extremely high stress concentration at notch tips of fiber-reinforced composites under remote tension. Theoretical foundation is provided to show that the true stress field along the potential splitting routes can be accurately modelled by inserting cohesive zones in finite element models, such that strength-based criteria can be used to predict damage initiation. Progressive failure analyses are performed to study the in-plane size effect of double-notched quasi-isotropic composite laminates. To capture the stress relief effect of longitudinal splitting during the loading process, surface-based cohesive contacts are introduced along the fiber directions to model the longitudinal splitting. To predict the possible delamination, interface cohesive contacts are also inserted between plies with different fiber orientations. The advantage of the surfaced-based cohesive contact method over the conventional cohesive element method is that it allows different mesh configurations for plies with different fiber orientations. Failure patterns and failure loads predicted by finite element analyses of three scaled composite laminates were compared with experimental results from open literature.
Strengthening in flexure–shear of RC beams with hybrid FRP systems: Experiments and numerical modeling
Authors: Djeddi Fakhreddine , Ghernouti Youcef , Abdelaziz Yazid , Alex Li
Published: August 2016

This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of reinforced concrete beams strengthening by means of different combinations of externally bonded hybrid fabrics-reinforced polymer composite: Carbon and glass fabric–reinforced polymer composite and another fabric-reinforced polymer composite based on vegetable fiber it is the jute fiber. The objective of this study is the conjugation of the properties of each type of fiber fabric to increase the load capacity, rigidity, and ductility of reinforced concrete beams and obtaining a typical model of reinforcement beams, which provides both these three desired mechanical properties. Three control beams and 27 beams strengthened in flexural–shear with Carbon, glass, and jute fabric–reinforced polymer composite and hybrid fiber fabrics were conducted and tested under three points bending. The load–deflection response, ductility, and associated failure modes of the tested specimens have been recorded and analyzed. In addition to the experimental investigations, numerical simulation using ABAQUS was developed to predict the load–deflection response and the failure modes, the results were compared with the corresponding experimental results, a good correlation was obtained.
Correction to ‘Using genetic information to test causal relationships in cross-sectional data’
Authors: Verhulst Brad , Estabrook Ryne
Published: August 2016

The authors regret that the coding of the attitude items in the manuscript ‘Using genetic information to test causal relationships in cross-sectional data’ was exactly reversed. The codebook that we were working from for the original paper was the opposite of the actual coding of the raw variables. The purpose of the paper was to present an empirical model for testing causal hypotheses using cross-sectional twin data. The data were used to present readers with an example of how to use the method. Accordingly, the impact of the coding error on the conclusions is minimal. Of course, this has the potential to cause confusion for individuals who are focused on the sign of the relationship between personality and sex attitudes and not on the causal structure.
Overcorrection for Social-Categorization Information Moderates Impact Bias in Affective Forecasting
Authors: Lau Tatiana , Morewedge Carey K. , Cikara Mina
Published: August 2016

Plural societies require individuals to forecast how others—both in-group and out-group members—will respond to gains and setbacks. Typically, correcting affective forecasts to include more relevant information improves their accuracy by reducing their extremity. In contrast, we found that providing affective forecasters with social-category information about their targets made their forecasts more extreme and therefore less accurate. In both political and sports contexts, forecasters across five experiments exhibited greater impact bias for both in-group and out-group members (e.g., a Democrat or Republican) than for unspecified targets when predicting experiencers’ responses to positive and negative events. Inducing time pressure reduced the extremity of forecasts for group-labeled but not unspecified targets, which suggests that the increased impact bias was due to overcorrection for social-category information, not different intuitive predictions for identified targets. Finally, overcorrection was better accounted for by stereotypes than by spontaneous retrieval of extreme group exemplars.
Dr Eng M. Tan: a tribute to an enduring legacy in autoimmunity
Authors: Fritzler M J , Chan E K L
Published: August 2016

At the age of ninety years, Dr Eng Meng Tan has had a remarkable impact on the accumulated knowledge of autoimmune diseases, including seminal findings in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a wide range of other autoimmune diseases. Dating to the first description of the Sm (Smith) autoantibody in SLE, his focus has been the use of autoantibodies as probes to identify and elucidate novel cellular molecules and then translating these discoveries into biomarkers and immunoassays for a wide range of these diseases and, later, cancer. He led efforts to standardize autoantibody nomenclature and testing protocols. Through his mentorship a great number of trainees and collaborators have had remarkably successful careers, and by that virtue he has garnered a remarkable continuing legacy.
Employability skills for entry-level human resources management positions: Perceptions of students and employers
Authors: Chowdhury Tamgid Ahmed , Miah Mohammad Khasro
Published: August 2016

This paper offers (a) a multidimensional Employability Skill Scale development method, and (b) one 30-item, seven-dimensional, and another 26-item six-dimensional employability skill requirement scale for use with entry-level human resources management positions, as perceived by employers and students, respectively, in Bangladesh. The study is based on samples of 174 and 446 survey responses collected from corporate managers and university students, respectively. There were significant variations in opinions between employers and students on employability skill requirements in entry-level human resources management positions. Employers prioritized skills such as subject knowledge, applying knowledge, listening effectively, breadth of knowledge, working safely, and self-management. On the other hand, students preferred skills such as team leading ability, complex problem-solving ability, judgment ability, proactivity, negotiation ability, strength of reference, type of university, and image of the university.
Increasing Students’ Opportunities to Respond
Authors: Menzies Holly M. , Lane Kathleen Lynne , Oakes Wendy Peia , Ennis Robin Parks
Published: August 2016

This article offers a rationale for using a low-intensity support, increasing opportunities to respond, to promote students’ academic engagement and decrease disruptive behaviors. A step-by-step guide to implementing this strategy in the classroom setting is presented.
Organizing Conflict
Authors: Kuronen Tuomas , Huhtinen Aki-Mauri
Published: August 2016

In this essay, we study the emergence of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) from the theoretical perspective of the “rhizome” coined by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. We understand organizing in general and conflict emergence in particular through the becoming of the rhizomatic ontology of organizing. In our view, the emergence of organizing is a manifestation of a rhizomatic basis of things, seen in nomadic strategies of pursuing revolutionary aims and resisting power hegemonies. We discuss how armed resistance groups relate to time and duration, and their stark contrast to Western professional, expeditionary armies operating in a clearly defined space and time. We complement the established philosophical and organizing-theoretical approaches to being and becoming in understanding conflict emergence with the rhizomatic perspective. We conclude our essay by discussing both theoretical and practical implications for understanding and managing conflict.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Colmenares Evan W. , Pappas Ashley L.
Published: August 2016

Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe the relationship between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and symptoms of myopathy based on case reports. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted in PubMed (1946 to June 2016) using MeSH terms proton pump inhibitors, omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, dexlansoprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, and muscular diseases. Additionally, a search was conducted in ToxNet and EMBASE using similar search criteria. Study Selection and Data Abstraction: The resulting articles were scanned to assess relevance to the review. Bibliographies of all relevant articles were evaluated for additional sources; 26 articles resulted from the search of PubMed, ToxNet, and EMBASE; articles that involved medications typically considered to have myalgia-like side effects (eg, statins), or included patients who presented with a confounding disease state (eg, Guillain-Barré) were excluded. Data Synthesis: In total, 11 case reports as well as a review of an adverse event reporting database that included 292 cases were evaluated. Association of PPI use and myopathy symptoms does not have a clear etiology. Overall, the available published data do not show a high risk of myopathy with PPI use but should be considered if a patient presents with myopathy symptoms and concurrent PPI use. Conclusion: A limited body of published data suggests that PPI use has been associated with myopathy-like symptoms without long-term effects following discontinuation. Although myopathy is a rare adverse effect observed with PPIs, it can be a serious side effect to be considered when starting a patient on acid suppression therapy.
Exploring Power and Procedural Justice Within Climate Compatible Development Project Design
Authors: Wood Benjamin T. , Dougill Andrew J. , Quinn Claire H. , Stringer Lindsay C.
Published: August 2016

Climate compatible development (CCD) is gaining traction as a conceptual framework for mainstreaming climate change mitigation and adaptation within development efforts. Understanding whether and how CCD design processes reconcile different stakeholder preferences can reveal how the concept contends with patterns of sociocultural and political oppression that condition patterns of development. We, therefore, explore procedural justice and power within CCD design through a case study analysis of two donor-funded projects in Malawi. Findings show that donor agencies are driving design processes and involving other stakeholders selectively. While considerable overlap existed between stakeholders’ “revealed” priorities for CCD, invisible power dynamics encourage the suppression of “true” preferences, reducing the likelihood that CCD will be contextually appropriate and have widespread stakeholder buy in. Visible, hidden, and invisible forms of power create barriers to procedural justice in CCD design. We present five recommendations to help policy makers and practitioners to overcome these barriers.
Influence of Surgeon Volume on Inpatient Complications, Cost, and Length of Stay Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Basques Bryce A. , Bitterman Adam , Campbell Kevin J. , Haughom Bryan D. , Lin Johnny , Lee Simon
Published: August 2016

Background:

Increased surgeon volume may be associated with improved outcomes following operative procedures. However, there is a lack of information on the effect of surgeon volume on inpatient adverse events and resource utilization following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA).

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of TAA patients was performed using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2003 to 2009. High-volume surgeons were considered as those with volume ≥90th percentile of surgeons performing TAA. Multivariate regression was used to compare the rates of adverse events, hospital length of stay, and total hospital charges between surgeon volume categories.

Results:

A total of 4800 TAA patients were identified. The 90th percentile for surgeon volume was 21 cases per year. Mean length of stay was 2.8 ± 2.3 days and mean hospital charges were $45 963 ± $43 983. On multivariate analysis, high-volume surgeons had decreased overall complications (OR 0.5, P = .034) and rate of medial malleolus fracture (OR 0.1, P = .043), decreased length of stay (–0.9 days, P < .001), and decreased hospital charges (–$20 904, P < .001).

Conclusions:

Surgeons with volume ≥90th percentile had a decreased rate of complications, decreased length of stay, and reduced hospital charges compared to other surgeons.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative study.
Taking Care of Business
Authors: Hannis Grant
Published: August 2016

Informed, critical business journalism is vital to a well-functioning society. But students are typically reluctant to study business journalism, often finding the topic intimidating. This article outlines how the author has taught a business journalism course in New Zealand and the United States. The course uses a variety of methods to help the students learn and remain engaged with the material. The course has been successful, with students—who often have no business backgrounds—subsequently becoming business journalists. The article reports on student and industry responses to the course and reflects on what could be done to enhance it further.
Documenting 15 Years (2000-2015) of SOPHE Achievements
Authors: Alber Julia M. , Bernhardt Jay M. , Stellefson Michael , Paige Samantha R.
Published: August 2016

For over six decades, the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) has been a leading professional organization for the field of health education (HE). This historical research extends the work of Cissell and Bloom by investigating the recent history of SOPHE. The aims of this historical study were to (1) identify key SOPHE and HE events from 2000 to 2015, (2) describe key contributions of SOPHE to the HE field during this time period, and (3) identify potential future directions for SOPHE. Johnson and Christensen’s five steps for historical research were followed to conduct an eDelphi study and one-on-one interviews. During the three-round eDelphi study, SOPHE officers ( n = 16) and senior staff ( n = 5), who served between 2000 and 2015, identified significant SOPHE’s leaders and rated the importance of SOPHE’s recent events. Key leaders ( n = 25) participated in semistructured interviews to describe their involvement in SOPHE, specific SOPHE activities, and future directions for SOPHE. Brief, structured intercept interviews were also conducted with student ( n = 10) and professional SOPHE members ( n = 11). Data collected during the eDelphi study were analyzed to determine central tendency statistics and percent agreement on each event evaluated in the second- and third-round surveys. Qualitative interview data were analyzed with NVivo using thematic analysis. Data from the eDelphi study revealed 29 SOPHE and 17 HE events that occurred between 2000 and 2015 as being “important” or “very important.” Results from the thematic analysis revealed several themes in three areas: SOPHE accomplishments, benefits of SOPHE membership, and possible future directions for SOPHE to explore.
Maropitant administered orally 2–2.5 h prior to morphine and dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence of emesis in cats
Authors: Martin-Flores Manuel , Mastrocco Alicia , Lorenzutti Augusto M , Campoy Luis , Kirch Pati , Stone Marisa , Learn McKenzie M , Boesch Jordyn M
Published: August 2016

Objectives

The main goal of this study was to test the antiemetic effects of maropitant administered orally 2–2.5 h prior to morphine and dexmedetomidine in cats.

Methods

Eighty-three healthy female cats were randomized to receive maropitant (8 mg orally; n = 39) or no treatment (control; n = 44), 2–2.5 h prior to morphine 0.1 mg/kg and dexmedetomidine 20 µg/kg intramuscularly. The incidence of sialorrhea, lip licking, retching and vomiting were recorded after morphine/dexmedetomidine injection.

Results

There were no differences between groups in terms of age or weight. The treated group received a mean ± SD dose of maropitant of 2.9 ± 0.6 mg/kg. The incidence of sialorrhea and lip licking was no different between groups. The incidence of retching (control 36% vs maropitant 13%; P = 0.012) and emesis (control 32% vs maropitant 13%; P = 0.03) was significantly reduced in cats treated with maropitant.

Conclusions and relevance

Maropitant 8 mg (total dose) administered orally 2–2.5 h prior to morphine and dexmedetomidine significantly reduced, but did not eliminate, the incidences of retching and vomiting. Maropitant did not decrease the occurrence of sialorrhea and lip licking, signs that may be indicative of nausea. Maropitant might be useful for morning administration to prevent emesis in outpatient cats requiring sedation or anesthesia; however, dose regimens or interval of administration might require improvement.