bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positive and negative impacts of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor: Healthcare providers' observations across US centers
Authors: Bathgate Christina J. , Muther Emily , Georgiopoulos Anna M. , Smith Beth , Tillman Laura , Graziano Sonia , Verkleij Marieke , Lomas Paula , Quittner Alexandra
Published: June 2023

Background

Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) has been associated with unprecedented clinical improvements, transforming the management of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, side effects with implications for safety and well‐being have been reported, including neuropsychiatric changes. This study aimed to better characterize the emerging positive and negative impacts of ETI.

Methods

The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation's Mental Health Advisory Committee distributed a 26‐item survey to US CF care teams to assess clinician observations of patient‐reported experiences with ETI. Survey responses measured the prevalence of these effects in five domains: (1) positive physical and psychological effects, (2) sleep difficulties, (3) cognitive difficulties, (4) worsening mental health, and (5) concerns about the future and finances.

Results

Seventy‐five healthcare providers responded from a pediatric, adult, and combined centers. Positive physical effects of ETI and increased optimism were reported in the upper quartiles (50%–100%) and rated as having a significant impact on daily functioning. Sleep and cognitive difficulties were reported in 1%–24%, with slight impacts on functioning, and psychological symptoms (e.g., increased stress, depression, anxiety) and new psychiatric medications were reported in 1%–24%, with moderate impacts. Concerns about the future were reported in 1%–24%, with minimal impacts.

Conclusion

Across US centers, providers most often observed positive physical effects of ETI. However, a variety of negative side effects were also reported, including sleep disruptions and worsening psychological functioning, which should be systematically monitored by CF teams. These national‐level data are a first step in evaluating the prevalence and consequences of these side effects and can directly inform future studies.
A “Cool” extraction technique for difficult pediatric airway foreign bodies: Report of two cases
Authors: Tayal Anshula , Shekh Irfan , Karthik A. R. , Jat Kana Ram , Dhochak Nitin , Mittal Saurabh , Gupta Nishkarsh , Kabra Sushil K. , Madan Karan
Published: June 2023

Foreign body (FB) aspiration is a potentially life‐threatening accident in children. Traditionally, rigid bronchoscopy has been the procedure of choice for FB removal, however it may miss distally lodged FBs. We report two pediatric cases with distal impacted FBs that could not be retrieved by rigid bronchoscopy (RB) and were mobilised using Fogarty balloon followed by flexible bronchoscopic cryoextraction. The advantage of a cryoprobe is lower risk of fragmentation of FB that may occur with forceps. Cryoextraction is particularly advantageous for removing water‐containing FBs. In both patients, FB was removed more than 2 weeks following aspiration, leading to the formation of granulation tissue around the FB, which considerably hampered the process. Using a laryngeal mask airway to secure the airway, FB removal by flexible bronchoscopy may be a safe and effective technique in skilled hands, especially for FBs impacted in distal airways with granulation tissue where RB fails.
Replenishing the pipeline: A quantitative approach to optimising the sourcing of new projects
Authors: Wiklund Stig Johan , Önnheim Magnus , Ytterstad Magnus
Published: June 2023

Large pharmaceutical companies maintain a portfolio of assets, some of which are projects under development while others are on the market and generating revenue. The budget allocated to R&D may not always be sufficient to fund all the available projects for development. Much attention has been paid to the selection of optimal subsets of available projects to fit within the available budget. In this paper, we argue the need for a forward‐looking approach to portfolio decision‐making. We develop a quantitative model that allows the portfolio management to evaluate the need for future inflow of new projects to achieve revenue at desired levels, often aspiring to a certain annual revenue growth. Optimisation methods are developed for the presented model, allowing an optimal choice of number, timing and type of projects to be added to the portfolio. The proposed methodology allows for a proactive approach to portfolio management, prioritisation, and optimisation. It provides a quantitatively based support for strategic decisions regarding the efforts needed to secure the future development pipeline and revenue stream of the company.
Composite learning control of strict‐feedback nonlinear system with unknown control gain function
Authors: Shou Yingxin , Xu Bin , Pu Huayan , Luo Jun , Shi Zhongke
Published: June 2023

The composite learning control with the heterogeneous estimator is proposed to deal with the multiple uncertainties of strict‐feedback nonlinear systems. The article applies the recorded data‐based neural learning and the disturbance observer (DOB) to learn the multiple uncertainties, including the nonlinear dynamics, the unknown control gain function (CGF), and the time‐varying disturbance. The lumped prediction error is constructed and included into the update law by neural approximation and disturbance observation. Furthermore, the asymmetric saturation nonlinearity (ASN) of the control input is represented by the smooth form model to ensure the input limitation, and a projection algorithm is adopted to avoid the singularity problem. The closed‐loop system stability is rigorously analyzed and the boundedness of the system tracking error is guaranteed. Through the tests of the third‐order nonlinear system and the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), it is observed that the proposed approach can improve the system tracking accuracy with the expected learning performance.
A predefined time decentralized adaptive tracking control method for interconnected nonlinear systems
Authors: Song Chang , Sun Haibin , Hou Linlin
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the problem of predefined time adaptive decentralized tracking control for a class of interconnected nonlinear systems is investigated. Firstly, a time‐varying constraint function is introduced to convert the tracking control problem into one with a constraint on tracking error, which can successfully remove the restriction of initial conditions. Secondly, the asymmetric constraint requirements on tracking error are achieved via defining a novel coordinate transformation function. Then, based on the proposed constraint function and the backstepping method, a decentralized adaptive controller is constructed. Furthermore, it is proved that all signals of the closed‐loop system are globally uniformly ultimately bounded (GUUB) via Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is confirmed by two simulation examples.
Inertial preintegration for VI‐SLAM by the screw motion theory
Authors: Bessaad Nassim , Qilian Bao , Jiankang Zhao , Benoudina Nardjess , Sun Shuodong , Zhang Xuwei
Published: June 2023

Most smoothing‐based visual‐inertial simultaneous localization and mapping algorithms (VI‐SLAM) rely on the Lie algebra processing of the inertial measurements. This approach is limited in its decoupled update of the attitude by using SO3 and velocity increments by SE3. In addition to limitations on only point transformation between frames. We present a novel approach to handling inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurements between two camera frames by the screw motion theory. Where rigid body dynamics are concisely represented by the compact unit dual quaternion. With this approach, the limitations of point transformation are mitigated by the superior Plücker line transformation and the states update is achieved by a single coupled operation. To harness this consistent framework for a smoothing‐based VI‐SLAM, the screw motion twist parameter is based on the raw IMU measurements. Then, a consistent residual cost function with the corresponding Jacobian and covariance updates is derived for graph‐optimization algorithm respecting the screw motion paradigm. A transition method is proposed to overcome the issues of over‐parametrization by the unit dual quaternion. solving all singularity threats while saving the advantages of adopting the twist operator. Finally, the loftier performance of the proposed algorithms is attested by simulation and real‐world experiments.
Development of a Solid Bio‐Electrolyte from a Seaweed Extract – Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend for Primary Mg‐Ion Conducting Batteries
Authors: Suvarnna K. , Shanjitha S. , Selvasekarapandian S. , Kirubavathy S. Jone
Published: June 2023

A novel solid bio‐electrolyte from seaweed acts as a potential candidate for electrolytes in batteries by solution casting technique. The ethanol extract of seaweed Sargassum Muticum (SME) is blended with PVA to prepare the bio‐membrane and along with MgCl2 as the ionic provider, a solid bio‐electrolyte is produced. The ionic conductivity of the prepared bio‐membrane, 1 g SME+0.8 g PVA is 1.57×10−6 S cm−1. XRD analysis affirms the amorphous nature of the prepared bio‐electrolytes and the highest degree of amorphous nature is apparent for the composition of 1 g SME+0.8 g PVA+0.7 wt% MgCl2. Complex formation between the SME, polyvinyl alcohol, and the added charge carrier has been made evident from the FTIR technique. Thermal properties of the bio‐electrolytes by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are supported by the low Tg. Electrochemical impedance analysis for the prepared bio‐electrolytes and the maximum ionic conductivity of 2.22×10−3 S cm−1 is exhibited by 1 g SME+0.8 g PVA+0.7 wt% MgCl2 membrane. A primary magnesium‐ion conducting battery has been constructed with the highest conducting bio‐electrolyte membrane and an open circuit voltage of 2.18 V validates the application of this bio‐membrane as a promising solid electrolyte for energy storage devices.
Pyrazoline Derivative as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium: Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Shekara Prathima , Kudva Jyothi , Sadashiva Rajitha , Naral Damodara , Dsouza Pramila Rita , Shetty Nithyananda A
Published: June 2023

A new pyrazoline derivative, 1‐[5‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐3‐(6‐methoxypyridine‐3‐yl)‐4‐5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl]‐ethane‐1‐one (BMDP) was synthesised using chalcone derivative. The FTIR, 1HNMR, and mass spectral analysis were performed to validate the synthesised compound. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques were performed to evaluate BMDP as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel. The corrosion inhibition was observed to rise with an increase in BMDP concentration and decline with an increase in temperature. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 91.1 % was reported at 303 K in 40 ppm of BMDP concentration. Activation and adsorption parameters were found with statistical thermodynamic calculations. The surface investigation of the metal surface was performed by SEM, AFM and EDX techniques. UV‐visible spectroscopy was used to realise the inhibitor‐metal complex formation. The quantum chemical computations were performed by density functional theory using Gaussian 16 software, and the theoretical calculations confirm the outstanding anticorrosive property of BMDP at the diminutive level as analysed in electrochemical studies.
Molecular Docking and Pharmacoinformatics Studies Reveal Potential Phytochemicals against Target TNIK Receptors in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bagabir Sali Abubaker
Published: June 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and can occur due to multiple reasons, one being induced by constitutive activation of the Wnt pathway. Traf2‐ and Nck‐interacting kinase (TNIK), the regulatory component of the Wnt pathway is responsible for the increase in the infiltrative capability of cancerous cells in CRC. The purpose of this study was to identify a phytochemical that could act as a drug to combat CRC by targeting TNIK. The TNIK model was docked against a dataset of 5000 phytochemicals using Molecular Operating Environment software which revealed seven‐candidate phytochemicals namely Berbamine, Epigallocatechin Gallate, Nimbothalin, Blepharocalyxin E, Rutin, BYCHRKNAQYPJPR‐DAZOONRXSA‐N and Blepharocalyxin B as potential inhibitor of TNIK. The Berbamine, Nimbothalin, and Epigallocatechin Gallate were selected for MD simulation study ascribed to sound pharmacokinetic features and propitious ADMET properties. Further studies are required to scrutinize these phytochemicals as a mainstream drug for TNIK in colorectal cancer.
Guanidine Hydrochloride Catalyzed One‐Pot Multi‐Component Synthesis of Pyrazolopyranopyrimidine
Authors: Barkule Angad B. , Gadkari Yatin U. , Salim Simren S. , Lomte Savita B. , Telvekar Vikas N.
Published: June 2023

An expeditious and highly efficient methodology for the synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidine under aqueous conditions is reported using guanidine hydrochloride as a catalyst. One‐pot multicomponent synthesis from aryl/heterocyclic aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, barbituric acid, and hydrazine hydrate to give the final compound in moderate to excellent yield. The recyclability (up to 4 cycles), safe, low cost, and wide stability profile of guanidine hydrochloride fulfil the ideal properties of the catalyst. The current protocol shows several advantages such as its environmentally benign nature, shorter reaction time, high yield, simple work‐up procedure, broad substrate tolerance, absence of hazardous organic solvent, etc.
Self‐Assembly of DNA Nanostructures in Different Cations
Authors: Rodriguez Arlin , Gandavadi Dhanush , Mathivanan Johnsi , Song Tingjie , Madhanagopal Bharath Raj , Talbot Hannah , Sheng Jia , Wang Xing , Chandrasekaran Arun Richard
Published: June 2023

The programmable nature of DNA allows the construction of custom‐designed static and dynamic nanostructures, and assembly conditions typically require high concentrations of magnesium ions that restricts their applications. In other solution conditions tested for DNA nanostructure assembly, only a limited set of divalent and monovalent ions are used so far (typically Mg2+ and Na+). Here, we investigate the assembly of DNA nanostructures in a wide variety of ions using nanostructures of different sizes: a double‐crossover motif (76 bp), a three‐point‐star motif (~134 bp), a DNA tetrahedron (534 bp) and a DNA origami triangle (7221 bp). We show successful assembly of a majority of these structures in Ca2+, Ba2+, Na+, K+ and Li+ and provide quantified assembly yields using gel electrophoresis and visual confirmation of a DNA origami triangle using atomic force microscopy. We further show that structures assembled in monovalent ions (Na+, K+ and Li+) exhibit up to a 10‐fold higher nuclease resistance compared to those assembled in divalent ions (Mg2+, Ca2+ and Ba2+). Our work presents new assembly conditions for a wide range of DNA nanostructures with enhanced biostability.
Capillary‐Scale Hydrogel Microchannel Networks by Wire Templating
Authors: Kawara Shusei , Cunningham Brian , Bezer James , KC Neelima , Zhu Jingwen , Tang Meng‐Xing , Ishihara Jun , Choi James J. , Au Sam H.
Published: June 2023

Microvascular networks are essential for the efficient transport of nutrients, waste products, and drugs throughout the body. Wire‐templating is an accessible method for generating laboratory models of these blood vessel networks, but it has difficulty fabricating microchannels with diameters of ten microns and narrower, a requirement for modeling human capillaries. This study describes a suite of surface modification techniques to  selectively control the interactions amongst wires, hydrogels, and world‐to‐chip interfaces. This wire templating method enables the fabrication of perfusable hydrogel‐based rounded cross‐section capillary‐scale networks whose diameters controllably narrow at bifurcations down to 6.1 ± 0.3 microns in diameter. Due to its low cost, accessibility, and compatibility with a wide range of common hydrogels of tunable stiffnesses such as collagen, this technique may increase the fidelity of experimental models of capillary networks for the study of human health and disease.
Nonconventional Luminescent Piperazine‐Containing Hyperbranched Polysiloxanes with Pure n‐electron
Authors: Du Yuqun , Liu Yiwei , Li Jangwei , He Yanyun , Li Yanbin , Yan Hongxia
Published: June 2023

Nonconventional luminogens with high quantum yield (QY) possess very potential applications in various fields. However, the preparation of such luminogens remains a great challenge. Herein, the first example of piperazine‐containing hyperbranched polysiloxane exhibiting blue and green fluorescence is reported under the irradiation of different excitation wavelength and a high QY of 20.9%. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results revealed that the through‐space conjugation (TSC) within the clusters of N and O atoms is produced via the induction of multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds and flexible SiO units, which is accountable for the fluorescence. Meanwhile, the introduction of the rigid piperazine units not only rigidifies the conformation, but also enhances the TSC. In addition, the fluorescence of both P1 and P2 shows concentration‐, excitation‐, and solvent‐dependent emission, especially exhibits significant pH‐dependent emission and obtains an ultrahigh QY of 82.6% at pH 5. The synthetic luminogens show excellent applications in fluorescence detection for Fe3+ and Co2+, information encryption, and fluorescent film. This study provides a novel strategy to rationally design high‐efficiency nonconventional luminogens.
Oxalate‐Assisted Synthesis of Hollow Carbon Nanocage With Fe Single Atoms for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yu Ke , Sun Kaian , Cheong Weng‐Chon (Max) , Tan Xin , He Chang , Zhang Jiaqi , Li Jiazhan , Chen Chen
Published: June 2023

Metal single‐atom catalysts are promising in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The pores and cavities of the supports can promote the exposure of active sites and mass transfer of reactants, hence improve their performance. Here, iron oxalate is added to ZIF‐8 and subsequently form hollow carbon nanocages during calcination. The formation mechanism of the hollow structure is studied in depth by controlling variables during synthesis. Kirkendall effect is the main reason for the formation of hollow porous carbon nanocages. The hollow porous carbon nanocages with Fe single atoms exhibit better CO2RR activity and CO selectivity. The diffusion of CO2 facilitated by the mesoporous structure of carbon nanocage results in their superior activity and selectivity. This work has raised an effective strategy for the synthesis of hollow carbon nanomaterials, and provides a feasible pathway for the rational design of electrocatalysts for small molecule activation.
Fluorinated Interface Engineering toward Controllable Zinc Deposition and Rapid Cation Migration of Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Feng Yuge , Wang Yaoda , Sun Lin , Zhang Kaiqiang , Liang Junchuan , Zhu Mengfei , Tie Zuoxiu , Jin Zhong
Published: June 2023

Metallic zinc (Zn) is a highly promising anode material for aqueous energy storage systems due to its low redox potential, high theoretical capacity, and low cost. However, rampant dendrites/by‐products and torpid Zn2+ transfer kinetics at electrode/electrolyte interface severely threaten the cycling stability, which deteriorate the electrochemical performance of Zn‐ion batteries. Herein, an interfacial engineering strategy to construct alkaline earth fluoride modified metal Zn electrodes with long lifespan and high capacity retention is reported. The compact fluoride layer is revealed to guide uniform Zn stripping/plating and accelerate the transfer/diffusion of Zn2+ via Maxwell‐Wagner polarization. A series of in situ and ex situ spectroscopic studies verified that the fluoride layer can guide uniform Zn stripping/plating. Electrochemical kinetics analyses reveal that positive effect on the removal of Zn2+ solvation sheath provided by fluoride layer. Meanwhile, this fluoride coating layer can act as a barrier between the Zn electrode and electrolyte, providing a high electrode overpotential toward hydrogen evolution reaction to hold back H2 evolution. Consequently, the fluoride‐modified Zn anode exhibited a capacity retention of 88.2% after 4000 cycles under10 A g−1. This work opens up a new path to interface engineering for propelling the exploration of advanced rechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries.
Water‐Induced Separation of Polymers from High Nanoparticle‐Content Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Kim Baekmin Q. , Füredi Máté , Venkatesh R. Bharath , Guldin Stefan , Lee Daeyeon
Published: June 2023

Polymer nanocomposites with high loadings of nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit exceptional mechanical and transport properties. Separation of polymers and NPs from such nanocomposites is a critical step in enabling the recycling of these components and reducing the potential environmental hazards that can be caused by the accumulation of nanocomposite wastes in landfills. However, the separation typically requires the use of organic solvents or energy‐intensive processes. Using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐infiltrated SiO2 NP films, we demonstrate that the polymers can be separated from the SiO2 NP packings when these nanocomposites are exposed to high humidity and water. The findings indicate that the charge state of the NPs plays a significant role in the propensity of water to undergo capillary condensation within the PDMS‐filled interstitial pores. We also show that the size of NPs has a crucial impact on the kinetics and extent of PDMS expulsion, illustrating the importance of capillary forces in inducing PDMS expulsion. We demonstrate that the separated polymer can be collected and reused to produce a new nanocomposite film. The work provides insightful guidelines on how to design and fabricate end‐of‐life recyclable high‐performance nanocomposites.
Self‐Assemble Silk Fibroin Microcapsules for Cartilage Regeneration through Gene Delivery and Immune Regulation
Authors: He Shuangjian , Fu Xuejie , Wang Liang , Xue Yangyang , Zhou Long , Qiao Shigang , An Jianzhong , Xia Tingting
Published: June 2023

Effective treatments for cartilage defects are currently lacking. Gene delivery using proper delivery systems has shown great potential in cartilage regeneration. However, the inflammatory microenvironment generated by the defected cartilage severely affects the system's delivery efficiency. Therefore, this study reports a silk fibroin microcapsule (SFM) structure based on layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly, in which interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) is modified on silk by click chemistry and loaded with lysyl oxidase plasmid DNA (LOX pDNA). The silk microcapsules display good biocompatibility and the release rate of genes can be adjusted by controlling the number of self‐assembled layers. Moreover, the functionalized SFMs mixed with methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) exhibit good injectability. The IL‐4 on the outer layer of the SFM can regulate macrophages to polarize toward the M2 type, thereby promoting cartilage matrix repair and inhibiting inflammation. The LOX pDNA loaded inside can be effectively delivered into cells to promote extracellular matrix generation, significantly promoting cartilage regeneration. The results of this study provide a promising biomaterial for cartilage repair, and this novel silk‐based microcapsule delivery system can also provide strategies for the treatment of other diseases.
Photo‐Induced Construction and Recovery of Cu+ Sites in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Li Yu‐Xia , Li Ke‐Di , Qian Xin‐Yu , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing
Published: June 2023

The adjustment of the valence state of metal ions is crucial for various applications because peculiar activity originates from metal ions with specific valence. Cu+ can interact with molecules possessing unsaturated bonds like CO via π‐complexation, while Cu2+ doesn't have such ability. Meanwhile, Cu+ sites are easily oxidized to Cu2+, leading to the loss of activity. Despite great efforts, the development of a facile method to construct and recover Cu+ sites remains a pronounced challenge. Here, for the first time a facile photo‐induced strategy is reported to fabricate Cu+ sites in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and recover Cu+ after oxidation. The Cu2+ precursor was loaded on NH2‐MIL‐125, a typical visible‐light responsive Ti‐based MOF. Visible light irradiation triggers the formation of Ti3+ from Ti4+ in framework, which reduces the supported Cu2+ in the absence of any additional reducing agent, thus simplifying the process for Cu+ generation significantly. Due to π‐complexation interaction, the presence of Cu+ results in remarkably enhanced CO capture capacity (1.16 mmol g−1) compared to NH2‐MIL‐125 (0.49 mmol g−1). More importantly, Cu+ can be recovered conveniently via re‐irradiation when it is oxidized to Cu2+, and the oxidation‐recovery process is reversible.
Hierarchical and Orderly Surface Conductive Networks in Yolk–Shell Fe3O4@C@Co/N‐Doped C Microspheres for Enhanced Microwave Absorption
Authors: He Peng , Ma Wenjun , Xu Jian , Wang Yizhe , Cui Zhong‐Kai , Wei Jie , Zuo Peiyuan , Liu Xiaoyun , Zhuang Qixin
Published: June 2023

Constructing the adjustable surface conductive networks is an innovation that can achieve a balance between enhanced attenuation and impedance mismatch according to the microwave absorption mechanism. However, the traditional design strategies remain significant challenges in terms of rational selection and controlled growth of conductive components. Herein, a hierarchical construction strategy and quantitative construction technique are employed to introduce conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives in the classic yolk–shell structure composed of electromagnetic components and the cavity for remarkable optimized performance. Specifically, the surface conductive networks obtained by carbonized ZIF‐67 quantitative construction, together with the Fe3O4 magnetic core and dielectric carbon layer linked by the cavity, achieve the cooperative enhancement of impedance matching optimization and synergistic attenuation in the Fe3O4@C@Co/N‐Doped C (FCCNC) absorber. This interesting design is further verified by experimental results and simulation calculations. The products FCCNC‐2 yield a distinguished minimum reflection loss of −66.39 dB and an exceptional effective absorption bandwidth of 6.49 GHz, indicating that moderate conduction excited via hierarchical and quantitative design can maximize the absorption capability. Furthermore, the proposed versatile methodology of surface assembly paves a new avenue to maximize beneficial conduction effect and manipulate microwave attenuation in MOFs derivatives.
The In Situ Optimization of Spinterface in Polymer Spin Valve by Electronic Phase Separated Oxides
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Ding Shuaishuai , Tian Yuan , Wang Jing , Chen Yunzhong , Zhao Tongyun , Hu Fengxia , Hu Wenping , Shen Baogen
Published: June 2023

Tailoring the interface between organic semiconductor (OSC) and ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes, that is, the spinterface, offers a promising way to manipulate and optimize the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of the organic spin valve (OSV) devices. However, the non‐destructive in situ regulation method of spinterface is seldom reported, limiting its theoretical research and further application in organic spintronics. (La2/3Pr1/3)5/8Ca3/8MnO3 (LPCMO), a recently developed FM material, exhibits a strong electronic phase separation (EPS) property, and can be employed as an effective in situ spinterface adjuster. Herein, we fabricated a LPCMO‐based polymer spin valve with a vertical configuration of LPCMO/poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT)/Co, and emphasized the important role of LPCMO/P3HT spinterface in MR regulation. A unique competitive spin‐scattering mechanism generated by the EPS characteristics of LPCMO inside the polymer spin valve was discovered by abstracting the anomalous non‐monotonic MR value as a function of pre‐set magnetic field (Bpre) and temperature (T). Particularly, a record‐high MR ratio of 93% was achieved in polymer spin valves under optimal conditions. These findings highlight the importance of interdisciplinary research between organic spintronics and EPS oxides and offer a novel scenario for multi‐level storage via spinterface manipulation.
Roles of N6‐methyladenosine epitranscriptome in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yuyan , Zhu Zhengyi , Zhang Lu , Wang Jinglin , Ren Haozhen
Published: June 2023

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a typical chronic liver disease connected to a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The development of NAFLD and HCC has been associated with changes in epigenetics, such as histone modifications and micro RNA (miRNA)‐mediated processes. Recently, in the realm of epitranscriptomics, RNA alterations have become important regulators. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common and crucial alteration for controlling mRNA stability, splicing, and translation. It is particularly important for controlling liver disease progression and hepatic function. This review aims to conclude recent research on the functions of m6A epitranscriptome in the molecular mechanisms behind NAFLD and HCC development, with special attention to the effects of m6A alteration on how HCC develops and its possible roles in the progression of NAFLD to HCC. Additionally, the review discusses the possible effects of m6A alteration on the treatment and diagnostic of NAFLD and HCC. It is crucial to remember that m6A modification is a reversible action controlled via the coordinated functions of the proteins that write and delete, enabling quick adaptability to environmental changes. The review also discusses m6A‐binding proteins' function in mRNA alternative splicing, translation, and degradation and their ability to modulate mRNA stability and processing. Understanding RNA modification regulation and its part in the emergence of HCC and NAFLD may provide new avenues for diagnosing and treating these diseases.
Comparison of Dynamic Recrystallization in Blooms between Conventional Rolling and Hot‐Core Heavy Reduction Rolling Process
Authors: Li Tian-xiang , Gao Peng , Li Hai-jun , Tang Xue-zhi , Wang Xu , Ren Jian-min , Wang Zhao-dong
Published: June 2023

Hot‐core Heavy Reduction Rolling (HHR2) is a new technology that improves the core quality of blooms by using a heavy reduction roller at the solidification end. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is expected to optimize the microstructure in this process. But the difference of DRX characteristic between HHR2 and conventional hot rolling (CHR) is an unclear problem. Herein, the differences of DRX behavior between two rolling processes are studied. If two rolling processes are carried out under the same deformation temperature and strain rate, the work hardening in CHR samples is greater than that in HHR2. Moreover, DRX occurrence in HHR2 lags behind the CHR process due to lower growth rate of dislocation density achieved in HHR2. By using DRX models, the DRX area and DRX volume fractions in bloom are calculated. The great temperature gradient and low strain rate decrease the DRX critical strain in the HHR2 process. The DRX region is mainly around the core of the HHR2 bloom, where the DRX volume fraction achieves 41.8%. The maximum value of DRX volume fraction in CHR bloom only achieves 20.1% because the great strain rate and uniform temperature lead to a low level of deformation permeability.
Microstructure Evolution and Wear Resistance Improvement of Ultrasonic Peened M50 Steel via Electromagnetic Shocking
Authors: Qian Dongsheng , Wang Rongcheng , Dong Zhaohua , Wang Feng
Published: June 2023

Herein, the effect of electromagnetic shocking treatment (EST) on microstructure evolution and wear resistance of M50 steel treated by ultrasonic shot peening (USP) is investigated. The microstructure observation indicates that the EST promotes the precipitation of nanoscale carbides. The average grain size decreases slightly and the submicron grain layer increases after EST. The low‐angle grain boundaries generated by USP will transform into high‐angle grain boundaries, thereby refining the grains on the surface during EST. In addition, the surface hardness of USP‐M50 steel decreases slightly, accompanied by the reduction of surface residual stress after EST. The wear resistance results indicate that the wear loss of the EST specimens decreases by 15.7% comparedwith the specimens after USP. The improvement of wear resistance induced by EST is attributed to the increased fine precipitations. These precipitations hinder the grinding of abrasive particles into the matrix and connect with wear debris and oxide particles to form well consolidated self‐lubricating films to prevent wear losses. The refinement of surface structure is another important reason for the improvement of wear resistance.
On the role of Manganese Partitioning in Metastable Austenite by Quenching and Partitioning Treatment
Authors: Wu Ri-Ming , Xu Yi , Li Kui-Cen , Li Wei
Published: June 2023

With the aim to study the role of “frozen” concentration gradient of manganese (Mn) element in stability of retained austenite (RA) with multiple‐stage martensite transformation, a series of intercritical annealing (IA) temperatures is conducted before quenching and partitioning (Q&P) treatment. Morphology and distribution of RA are observed by field emission gun scanning electron microscope and electron back‐scatter diffraction. The volume fraction (7%–16%) and stability of metastable RA is found to be affected profoundly by IA temperature. Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis are conducted to elucidate the evolution of RA in process of IAQP treatment. The predicted levels of RA are in good accordance with measurements. It is found that the inhomogeneous partitioning of Mn in period of IA, combining with the incomplete partitioning of carbon during Q&P, radically regulated the Q&P microstructure. The incomplete partitioning of carbon in RA, with excess carbon segregation at dislocations and boundaries, lead to partition‐less bainite transformation owing to the average carbon content in RA lower than the “To” threshold.
Genomic approaches to enhance adaptive plasticity to cope with soil constraints amidst climate change in wheat
Authors: Bhoite Roopali , Han Yong , Chaitanya Alamuru Krishna , Varshney Rajeev K. , Sharma Darshan Lal
Published: June 2023

Climate change is varying the availability of resources, soil physicochemical properties, and rainfall events, which collectively determines soil physical and chemical properties. Soil constraints—acidity (pH < 6), salinity (pH ≤ 8.5), sodicity, and dispersion (pH > 8.5)—are major causes of wheat yield loss in arid and semiarid cropping systems. To cope with changing environments, plants employ adaptive strategies such as phenotypic plasticity, a key multifaceted trait, to promote shifts in phenotypes. Adaptive strategies for constrained soils are complex, determined by key functional traits and genotype × environment × management interactions. The understanding of the molecular basis of stress tolerance is particularly challenging for plasticity traits. Advances in sequencing and high‐throughput genomics technologies have identified functional alleles in gene‐rich regions, haplotypes, candidate genes, mechanisms, and in silico gene expression profiles at various growth developmental stages. Our review focuses on favorable alleles for enhanced gene expression, quantitative trait loci, and epigenetic regulation of plant responses to soil constraints, including heavy metal stress and nutrient limitations. A strategy is then described for quantitative traits in wheat by investigating significant alleles and functional characterization of variants, followed by gene validation using advanced genomic tools, and marker development for molecular breeding and genome editing. Moreover, the review highlights the progress of gene editing in wheat, multiplex gene editing, and novel alleles for smart control of gene expression. Application of these advanced genomic technologies to enhance plasticity traits along with soil management practices will be an effective tool to build yield, stability, and sustainability on constrained soils in the face of climate change.
3Dpolymer composite filament development from post‐consumer polypropylene and disposable chopstick fillers
Authors: Tan Yee Ai , Chan Ming Yeng , Koay Seong Chun , Ong Thai Kiat
Published: June 2023

This study focused on the development of three‐dimensional (3D) polymer composite filament made of disposable chopstick (DC) and post‐consumer polypropylene (PPP). The PPP/DC composite parts were printed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. The effect of the printing temperature and different DC fiber content on the properties of the 3D printed parts were investigated. The printing temperature of 200–220°C was suitable for these filaments because the printing temperature did not show any thermal degradation, as proven by thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the 3D filament increased with DC content. The chemical modification with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was carried out on DC to remove the unwanted organic components by showing changes in peak intensity in the Fourier transform infrared analysis. Moreover, the melt flow index of the composite filaments decreased with increasing of the DC content and caused the composites' viscosity increased. The results show that the optimum printing temperature of 210°C would reduce the warping and gave better tensile properties to the 3D printed parts. Nevertheless, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the 3D printed PPP/DC parts reduced as the DC content increased because the presence of some air gap and fiber pull out on the fracture surface of 3D printed parts, which are in line with the results observed from scanning electron microscopy. However, the tensile strength and elongation at break percentage of all 3D printed PPP/DC composite parts were higher in comparison with the 3D parts printed by commercial wood plastic composite filament.
Utilization and performance evaluation of mixed matrix membranes for the treatment of produced water: A review
Authors: Razak Norhidayu Abd , Nasir Rizwan , Azmi Nurulhuda , Mukhtar Hilmi , Mohsim Dzeti Farhah , Mustafa Muhammad Raza Ul
Published: June 2023

Produced water (PW) has been generated in a huge amount representing the largest volume waste stream. Membrane technology has found a leading ability in treating PW due to its significant advantages, such as lower cost, easy installation, and being environmentally friendly. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have received significant research interest due to their flexibility, multifunctionality enhances the membrane performance with increasing selectivity, permeability, robustness, mechanical strength, and resistance to fouling. This mini‐review paper identifies the utilization of different membranes for treating PW. It also gives a review of different types of MMMs with specific fillers for the application of PW treatment. Lastly, some methods to enhance the performance of mixed matrix membranes have been highlighted. The issues and challenges in membranes are also discussed.

Practitioner Points

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are a potential membrane type for PW treatment.

This mini‐review paper identifies the use of several membranes to treat PW. It also examined various types of MMMs containing specific fillers for the application of PW treatment.

Methods for improving the performance of mixed matrix membranes have been highlighted, including the use of novel materials, surface modification, and cross‐linking.

The issues and challenges in membranes are also discussed.
Recent advances of AIE‐active materials for orthotopic tumor phototheranostics
Authors: Sun Yan , Tan Yonghong , Yan Dingyuan , Gui Yixiong , Luo Wenshuai , Zhu Dongxia , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2023

Cancer ranks as a leading threat to human life and health. Compared to conventional cancer treatments, phototheranostics shares the advantages of integrated diagnosis and therapy, outstanding therapeutic performance and good controllability. Amid diverse phototheranostic agents, small organic luminogens with aggregation‐induced emission (AIEgen) tendency show predominant advantages in terms of superior photostability, large Stokes shifts, and boosted theranostic capacity as aggregates. In the past two decades, AIE‐active materials have demonstrated formidable applications in disease theranostics, especially for tumors. This review mainly highlights the recent advances of orthotopic tumor phototheranostics mediated by AIEgens with a classification of different organs. Additionally, a brief discussion of current bottlenecks and future directions is outlined. We believe this review can deepen the understanding and spur more innovations on tumor theranostics by employing AIEgens.

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Renormalization of Very Special Relativity gauge theories
Authors: Alfaro J.
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Mandelstam-Leibbrandt (ML) regularization of Very Special Relativity (VSR) amplitudes in momentum space depends on two fixed null vectors nμ, $$ {\overline{n}}_{\mu } $$

n
¯

μ

besides external momenta. ML is known to preserve gauge invariance and naive power counting. The second null vector $$ {\overline{n}}_{\mu } $$

n
¯

μ

destroys the Sim(2) symmetry of the VSR model. We devise a systematic procedure to take the $$ {\overline{n}}_{\mu } $$

n
¯

μ

→ 0 limit to recover the lost Sim(2) symmetry. The procedure produces Sim(2) and gauge invariant loop amplitudes. We show how to use this method to remove unphysical terms from the Non Relativistic Potential of Very Special Relativity Quantum Electrodynamics (VSR QED) with a massive photon. Then we compute the one loop renormalization of VSR QED. Finally we derive the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, modified by neutrino and photon mass; and comments on the phenomenological implications.
Mitochondria as central hubs in synaptic modulation
Authors: Duarte Filipe V. , Ciampi Daniele , Duarte Carlos B.
Published: June 2023

Mitochondria are present in the pre- and post-synaptic regions, providing the energy required for the activity of these very specialized neuronal compartments. Biogenesis of synaptic mitochondria takes place in the cell body, and these organelles are then transported to the synapse by motor proteins that carry their cargo along microtubule tracks. The transport of mitochondria along neurites is a highly regulated process, being modulated by the pattern of neuronal activity and by extracellular cues that interact with surface receptors. These signals act by controlling the distribution of mitochondria and by regulating their activity. Therefore, mitochondria activity at the synapse allows the integration of different signals and the organelles are important players in the response to synaptic stimulation. Herein we review the available evidence regarding the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by neuronal activity and by neuromodulators, and how these changes in the activity of mitochondria affect synaptic communication.
Stoichiometric characteristics and homeostasis of leaf nitrogen and phosphorus responding to different water surface elevations in hydro-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Wang Heyun , Sun Tong , Liu Ying , Liu Wei , Xiao Henglin
Published: June 2023

As a type of wetland ecosystem with off-season 30 m water level fluctuation, the huge changes in the ecological environment, plant species, and vegetation dynamics in the hydro-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area have attracted a wide range of attention. In this present study, six typical locations in the water level fluctuating zone were used as the research objects, and the effects of different water surface elevations on the stoichiometric characteristics and homeostasis of leaf nitrogen and phosphorus were studied through a sample survey method. Results revealed that leaf nitrogen content was linearly correlated with leaf phosphorus content along water surface elevation. And water surface elevation significantly affected the nitrogen and phosphorus content of dominant plants. Four dominant species [Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers, Xanthium sibiricum Partin ex Wider, Abutilon theophrasti Medik, and Bidens pilosa Linn] exhibited specific differences in the phosphorus steady state index (Hp) and nitrogen steady state index (HN). Although belonging to different categories, both HP and HN of four dominant species were in the same order: X. sibiricum > A. theophrasti > C. dactylon > B. Pilosa. The interspecific differences in HN and HP indicated that there were differences in the characteristics of nutrient utilization of dominant species and their adaption to water surface elevation. Furthermore, as the elevation increases, the community coverage increased and the community stability index also increased. This might indicate that in the fluctuating zone habitat, the plant’s nitrogen and phosphorus utilization strategy affects the distribution and composition of plant community along water surface elevation, and ultimately affects the stoichiometric homeostasis on the community levels.
Interobserver agreement on definition of the target volume in stereotactic radiotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma using different imaging modalities
Authors: Gkika E. , Kostyszyn D. , Fechter T. , Moustakis C. , Ernst F. , Boda-Heggemann J. , Sarria G. , Dieckmann K. , Dobiasch S. , Duma M. N. , Eberle F. , Kroeger K. , Häussler B. , Izaguirre V. , Jazmati D. , Lautenschläger S. , Lohaus F. , Mantel F. , Menzel J. , Pachmann S. , Pavic M. , Radlanski K. , Riesterer O. , Gerum S. , Röder F. , Willner J. , Barczyk S. , Imhoff D. , Blanck O. , Wittig A. , Guckenberger M. , Grosu Anca-L. , Brunner T. B.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate interobserver agreement (IOA) on target volume definition for pancreatic cancer (PACA) within the Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Radiotherapy Working Group of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) and to identify the influence of imaging modalities on the definition of the target volumes.

Methods

Two cases of locally advanced PACA and one local recurrence were selected from a large SBRT database. Delineation was based on either a planning 4D CT with or without (w/wo) IV contrast, w/wo PET/CT, and w/wo diagnostic MRI. Novel compared to other studies, a combination of four metrics was used to integrate several aspects of target volume segmentation: the Dice coefficient (DSC), the Hausdorff distance (HD), the probabilistic distance (PBD), and the volumetric similarity (VS).

Results

For all three GTVs, the median DSC was 0.75 (range 0.17–0.95), the median HD 15 (range 3.22–67.11) mm, the median PBD 0.33 (range 0.06–4.86), and the median VS was 0.88 (range 0.31–1). For ITVs and PTVs the results were similar. When comparing the imaging modalities for delineation, the best agreement for the GTV was achieved using PET/CT, and for the ITV and PTV using 4D PET/CT, in treatment position with abdominal compression.

Conclusion

Overall, there was good GTV agreement (DSC). Combined metrics appeared to allow a more valid detection of interobserver variation. For SBRT, either 4D PET/CT or 3D PET/CT in treatment position with abdominal compression leads to better agreement and should be considered as a very useful imaging modality for the definition of treatment volumes in pancreatic SBRT. Contouring does not appear to be the weakest link in the treatment planning chain of SBRT for PACA.