bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Menentukan Sistem Persamaan Linear dalam Bentuk Konsisten dan Inkonsisten
Authors: Daliyah Narayani
Published: December 2024

A linear equation is an equation where the variables involved have a degree of at most one.A linear equation isa linear equation with n variables x1, x2, ... , xn. If we have several linear equations then the set of linearequations is called a system of linear equations. This article will explain how to determine a system of linearequations in consistent and inconsistent form. The information gathering method used is literature study. Bydetermining a system of linear equations into consistent and inconsistent forms, students can distinguish asystem of equations.
teorema double butterfly
Authors: Nur Azira
Published: December 2024

Abstrak
Teorema Butterfly pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh W. G Horner pada tahun 1815 dalam buku gentlemen’s Diary. Banyak ilmuwan matematika membuat pengembangan beserta variasi dari teorema tersebut, misalnya Teorema Butterfly pada lingkaran. Pada tahun 1976 seorang ilmuwan matematika yang bernama Dixon Jones membuat variasi pengembangan Teorema Butterfly pada lingkaran yang kemudian dinamakan Teorema Double Butterfly pada lingkaran. Pada tahun 1990 Teorema Double Butterfly kembali dibahas oleh ilmuwan matematika yang bernama Larry Hoehn. Teorema ini dinamakan Teorema Double Butterfly karena isi dari teorema ini jika digambarkan terbentuk empat buah segitiga yang menyerupai dua pasang sayap kupu-kupu.
Persamaan Logaritma Berbentuk a log f(x) = a log g(x)
Authors: Anisa Syairah
Published: December 2024

Logarithms are the opposite of exponents. For this reason, before discussing logarithms, it is necessary toreview exponentials and their properties (Thamrin, 2017). Logarithmic equations are equations whose numbersare logarithmic numbers. Logarithmic equations, in general to solve logarithmic equations related tologarithms, the concept or fact is often used that ???? ???????????? ???? = ???? ???????????? ???? ↔ ???? = ????. The information collectionmethod used is a literature study. By proving the work on the example problem of logarithm equations in theform ???????????????? f(????) = ???????????????? ????(????).
Hubungan Motivasi dan Manajerial Kepala Sekolah dengan Kinerja Guru SD Gugus I Kecamatan Sibulue Kabupaten Bone
Authors: A. Silviana Sirajuddin  , Arismunandar  , Muhammad Irfan
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to determine 1) the description of the principal's motivation and managerial performance and the performance of teachers at SD Cluster I, Sibulue District, Bone Regency, 2) the relationship between principal motivation and the performance of elementary school teachers at cluster I, Sibulue District, Bone Regency. 3) the managerial relationship between the principal and Performance of Gugus I Elementary School Teachers, Sibulue District, Bone Regency 4) The relationship between motivation and managerialism of the school principal together on the performance of Gugus I Elementary School teachers, Sibulue District, Bone Regency. This research uses quantitative research methods. The research was carried out at Gugus I Elementary School, Sibulue District, Bone Regency. The independent variables in this research are the principal's motivation and managerial skills, while the dependent variable is teacher performance. The population in this study were all teachers in elementary school cluster I, Sibulue District, totaling 100 people, while the sample was 30 people. Research data was obtained by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis technique is multiple regression analysis technique. Based on the results of the research, it shows that there is a relationship between the motivation and managerialism of school principals and the performance of elementary school teachers in Cluster I, Sibulue District, Bone Regency.
Hubungan Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dan Motivasi Kerja dengan Kedisiplinan Guru SD Gugus I Kecamatan Sibulue Kabupaten Bone
Authors: Nirmala  , Arismunandar  , Muhammad Irfan
Published: December 2024

This study is a quantitative study with a correlational design that aims to determine whether or not there is a Relationship between Principal Leadership and Work Motivation with Teacher Discipline of Elementary School Cluster 1, Sibulue District, Bone Regency. The population in this study were teachers of Elementary School Cluster 1, Sibulue District, Bone Regency, while the sample in this study was 30 teachers, namely elementary school teachers in Cluster 1, Sibulue District, Bone Regency. Data collection was carried out by providing questionnaires and documentation. The findings obtained, the principal's leadership with an average of 99.10 and a percentage of 79.28%% is classified as good, work motivation with an average of 136.47 and a percentage of 89.78% is classified as very good, and teacher discipline with an average of 119.83 and a percentage of 79.88% is classified as very good. The results of this study also show that the t-value (X1 = 2.814, X2 = 4.019) is greater (≥) the t-table value (1.703) at a significance level of 5%. Thus, H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The results of the study concluded that there is a significant relationship between principal leadership and work motivation with teacher discipline at Elementary School Gugus 1, Sibulue District, Bone Regency.
Pengaruh Multimedia Pembelajaran Terhadap Motivasi Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Di Sd Negeri 122 Tassipi Kecamatan Amali Kabupaten Bone
Authors: Wildasari  , Arismunandar  , Muhammad Irfan
Published: December 2024

The formulation of the problem in this research is how to describe the implementation of learning using multimedia, description of motivation and the influence of using multimedia on student motivation and learning outcomes at SD Negeri 122 Tassipi, Amali District, Bone Regency. This research is an experimental research which aims to find out the description of the implementation of learning using multimedia in elementary schools. 122 Tassipi, Amali sub-district, Bone regency. The research approach is a quantitative approach. Research data was obtained through questionnaires and test sheets. The population in the study were all students at SDN 122 Tassipi, Amali subdistrict, Bone district. The sample in this research was 32 class IV students. The data analysis technique is descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The results obtained in this research are an illustration of the influence of multimedia learning on student motivation and learning outcomes, especially in Class IV SDN 122 Tassipi, Amali subdistrict, Bone district.
Analisis Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Dasar Gugus II Kecamatan Tanete Riattang Barat Kabupaten Bone
Authors: Alwasia  , Muhammad Faisal  , Wahira
Published: December 2024

This study is a qualitative study that aims to analyze the leadership style of school principals in Cluster II, Tanete Riattang Barat District, Bone Regency. Based on the formulation of the problem and the results of the study, it can be concluded that the leadership style most widely applied by school principals in Cluster II, Tanete Riattang Barat District, Bone Regency is democratic or deliberation. This means that school principals tend to involve teachers and staff in the decision-making process. This reflects an effort to create a participatory and collaborative school environment. A democratic leadership style has great potential to improve the quality of education in schools. However, its implementation requires commitment and ongoing efforts from all parties involved. By considering supporting factors and overcoming existing obstacles, schools can create a more democratic, participatory, and effective learning environment..
Pengaruh Latar Budaya Melayu terhadap Simbolisme dalam Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata.
Authors: Katharina Woli Namang  , Magdalena Nona Irmin
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of Malay cultural background on symbolism in the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata. This novel not only depicts the life of the Malay community in Belitung, but also contains symbols that reflect local cultural values, such as religiosity, mutual cooperation and fighting spirit. Using Roland Barthes' semiotic approach and Clifford Geertz's cultural theory, this research identifies the main symbols in the novel, such as rainbows, education, friendship and nature, and examines their meaning in the context of Malay culture. The results of the research show that the symbols in Laskar Pelangi has a meaning that is closely related to the Malay cultural background. The rainbow, for example, symbolizes hopes and ideals influenced by the religiosity of the Malay people, while education becomes a symbol of the struggle to change fate through science. Friendship reflects the strong value of mutual cooperation in Malay culture, while natural elements, such as tin mines and beaches, illustrate the relationship between Malay people and their environment. This research concludes that the Malay cultural setting is not only a supporting element of the story, but also forms the meaning of symbolism in the novel . This study contributes to the study of Indonesian literature, especially in understanding the relationship between local culture and symbolism in literary works.
Program Linear Menggunakan Metode Grafik
Authors: Julianis
Published: December 2024

Program linear merupakan bagian dari Operation Research yang mempelajari masalah optimum. Prinsip pada program linear diterapkan dalam masalah nyata diantaranya dalam bidang ekonomi, kesehatan, pendidikan, perdagangan, transportasi, industri, sosial, dan lain-lain. masalah program linear adalah masalah yang berkaitan dengan upaya menemukan nilai optimal (nilai maksimum atau minimum) dari fungsi tujuan (yang merupakan fungsi linear dalam bentuk Z= + +… dengan variabel keputusan ,…,  tergantung pada kendala/pembatas masalahyang dinyatakan dalam bentuk persamaan atau pertidaksamaan linear. Kendala/pembatas masalah disebut sebagai fungsi kendala/pembatas (constraints function), Variabel keputusan pada masalah program linear harus bernilai non negative  ≥ 0, i = 1,2,…,n. Himpunan titik-titik yang memenuhi fungsi kendala dan persyaratan variabel keputusan (nonnegatif) disebut sebagai daerah penyelesaian fisibel (feasible region). Sebarang titik pada daerah penyelesaian fisibel yang menghasilkan nilai optimum (maksimum atau minimum) fungsi tujuan disebut sebagai penyelesaian optimum. Metode grafik adalah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah optimalisasi dalam programasi linier. Keterbatasan metode ini adalah variabel yang bisa digunakan terbatas (hanya dua), penggunaan 3 variabel akan sangat sulit dilakukan.
Evaluasi Dan Penjamin Mutu
Authors: Nadia Puteri Alindi  , Zadzqia Yuha Rumsah  , Hesti Kusumaningrum
Published: December 2024

Artikel ini mengkaji peran evaluasi dan penjaminan mutu sebagai kunci keberhasilan dalam kepemimpinan pendidikan. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan pengertian dan pentingnya mutu dalam pendidikan, sistem penjaminan mutu, serta tujuan dan prinsip penjaminan mutu dalam pendidikan. Metode yang digunakan meliputi tinjauan literatur dan analisis sistem penjaminan mutu yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penjaminan mutu yang efektif melibatkan penggunaan model, prinsip dan tujuan yang jelas. Saat ini evaluasi pendidikan memegang peranan penting melalui tindakan struktural dan operasional untuk mengukur dan meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah integrasi sistem evaluasi dan sistem penjaminan mutu penting untuk mencapai keberhasilan pengelolaan pendidikan, dan memberikan pedomanp raktis bagi pengelola pendidikan untuk menyiapkan standar tinggi dan perbaikan berkelanjutan dalam pendidikan.
ANALISIS DALAM MANAJEMEN KESISWAAN : MEMBENTUK KARAKTER DAN POTENSI SISWA
Authors: M.Arinalhaq  , Halizah Auliah  , Sobareeyah Yaya  , Hesti Kusumaningrum
Published: December 2024

Manajemen kesiswaan merupakan komponen penting dalam sistem pendidikan yang bertujuan untuk mengatur dan mengelola seluruh aktivitas siswa dari awal hingga akhir masa pendidikan mereka. Artikel ini menganalisis peran manajemen kesiswaan dalam membentuk karakter dan mengembangkan potensi siswa. Melalui pendekatan yang terstruktur dan berkelanjutan, manajemen kesiswaan dapat menciptakan lingkungan yang kondusif bagi perkembangan karakter positif dan optimalisasi potensi siswa. Faktor-faktor seperti lingkungan sekolah, Dukungan para guru, dan kegiatan tambahan sekolah memainkan peran penting dalam proses ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka untuk mengumpulkan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembiasaan perilaku positif dan penciptaan lingkungan yang mendukung sangat efektif dalam membentuk karakter siswa yang baik dan mengembangkan potensi mereka secara maksimal.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas V melalui Penerapan Experiental Learning pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS
Authors: Maya Arum Prastiti  , Vivi Rulviana  , Aning Triastuti
Published: December 2024

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of class V students in science subjects by applying the Experiential Learning method on food chain material. The method used in the research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) with an Experiential Learning learning design. The research respondents were 12 class V students at SDN Uteran 01 with research instruments in the form of observation sheets to measure student learning outcomes. The research procedure consists of pre-cycle, cycle one and cycle two stages. At the pre-cycle stage, an initial evaluation is carried out in the form of a pre-test to measure student understanding before implementing the Experiential Learning approach. Furthermore, in cycles one and two, an evaluation was carried out in the form of a post test to measure the extent of students' level of understanding after following learning using the Experiential Learning approach. The results showed that at the pre-cycle stage there were 2 students (17%) who achieved a completeness score, this increased in cycle one to 8 students (67%) and again there was an increase in cycle two, namely reaching 10 students (83%) with a score completeness meets the criteria. So it is concluded that the application of Experiential Learning in learning food chains in science subjects significantly improves student learning outcomes.
Analisis Perubahan Makna Meluas dalam Cerpen Badai yang Reda Karya Fauzia A.
Authors: Katharina Woli Namang  , Tiara Oktaviani
Published: December 2024

This study is motivated by language where language always produces new words and new meanings that aim to meet the needs in communicating. The problem discussed is how many changes in widespread meaning are found in the short story Badai Yang Susua by Fauzia A. and how does the change in meaning expand when compared to denotative meaning or actual meaning.  Based on the results of the discussion, 11 (eleven) forms of widespread meaning change were found in the short story Badai Yang Susua by Fauzia A.
Sosialisasi Pengolahan Sampah dan Ecobrick : Don’t Break Make Ecobrick di Dukuh Mantren
Authors: Astiana Ajeng Rahadini  , Anggoro Adji Pangestu  , Anisa Caroline  , Annisa Nur Chasidiyah  , Annisaa Diah Putri Kesdu  , Dwi Safitri  , Ivanka Fajar Maulana  , Salma Siti Aisyah  , Wulan Ayu Harya Dinatta  , Zidan Nasywan Firdaus
Published: December 2024

Waste is one of the problems that has yet to be fully addressed. Lack of understanding about the importance of waste segregation and processing, as well as limited management facilities, especially for plastic waste, makes the people of Dukuh Mantren tend to process waste in an inappropriate way. Therefore, education about waste management is needed. The purpose of this work program is to find out the condition of integrated waste management in the community and what factors support and hinder integrated waste management in the Dukuh Mantren community. The data obtained is then used for alternative strategies that can be used in integrated waste management in the Dukuh Mantren community. This education program is carried out through socialization, observation, and interview methods. The results of the Waste Management and Ecobrick Socialization Program carried out by KKN Tematik UNS proved effective in overcoming waste problems in Dukuh Mantren, Klodran Village. The program succeeded in increasing the community's understanding of the types of waste and how to process them properly. This research confirms that the Waste Management and Ecobricking Socialization program has a positive impact on overcoming the waste problem in Dukuh Mantren, Klodran Village.
Implementasi Restorative Justice pada Kasus Guru Honorer Supriyani
Authors: Hamirul  , Nanang Al Hidayat  , Syahwami
Published: December 2024

In Supriyani's case which is currently viral, researchers want to know why the implementation of Restorative justice as mandated in regulations cannot run well and efficiently. Normative juridical research is a method used in research where library research. Restorative justice is a way of resolving cases through a legal process outside of court which aims to achieve justice which emphasizes restoration of the condition of the perpetrator and the victim. The mediation carried out did not reach an agreement between the reporting party and the reported party due to a request for peace money amounting to IDR 50,000,000, which resulted in when the mediation failed and then teacher Supriyani was detained for 1 week and because this case went viral and became public attention, teacher Supriayani was finally suspended temporarily until she waited for the next stage.
Sistem Penegakan Hukum Pidana terhadap Pekerja Seks Komersial di Kota Palopo
Authors: Dian Eka Kusuma Wardani  , Salim  , Sutriyono
Published: December 2024

This study aims to assess the implementation of criminal law against commercial sex workers in Palopo City. The main focus of this study is: (1) analyzing the implementation of law enforcement against commercial sex workers in the city, and (2) identifying the challenges faced and government efforts in overcoming these problems. This study uses a qualitative approach with an empirical legal basis. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation studies, with the aim of obtaining relevant information directly from the field. This study reveals that law enforcement against commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Palopo City involves a number of agencies. The Palopo City Police carry out law enforcement through Operation Bina Kusuma, which includes supervision at lodgings and boarding houses, as well as various activities such as counseling, socialization, warnings, and discipline against CSWs. The Palopo City Social Service also plays a role by providing counseling, coaching, and assistance, including visiting the homes of CSWs and asking them to sign a statement. Meanwhile, Satpol PP of Palopo City prioritizes preventive measures and non-legal approaches in law enforcement. Problems related to sex workers in Palopo City are regulated in Palopo City Regional Regulation Number 10 of 2014 concerning the Implementation of Public Order and Security, especially in Article 40, which prohibits immoral behavior, including becoming sex workers, and urges other parties not to persuade or force individuals to engage in such work. However, law enforcement is hampered by the absence of more specific laws regarding sex workers and the absence of rehabilitation facilities in the city. Some proposed solutions include increasing community participation through socialization, creating more specific regional regulations regarding sex workers, a more humanitarian approach, and providing rehabilitation facilities.
Lullaby Songs in Contemporary Folklore of Shirak
Authors:   Shirak Center for Armenological Studies NAS RA, MAtikyan Hasmik , Harutyunyan Hasmik ,   Gyumry Branch of Yerevan State Konservatory after Komotas
Published: December 2024

The monograph is dedicated to modern manifestations of Armenian folk lullabies, their genric, compositional, structural and expressive peculiarities. The study was mainly conducted from the point of view of revealing and evaluating ways of life and creative mechanisms in the modern manifestations of Shirak's folk songs. Based on the study of fictional characteristics and features of modern samples of folk lullabies recorded in Shirak, the modern fictional mechanisms of folk creativity were revealed and valued. The material collected and developed as a result of the work will be included in the framework of comparative ethnomusicology and science.
The book is addressed to professionals and a wide readership.
Tantangan Kompetensi SDM dalam Menghadapi Era Digital: Sebuah Literatur Review
Authors: Ayyasy Ahmad Naffis , Maelani Shintya
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the challenges of human resource (HR) competencies in the digital era, organizational strategies to enhance these competencies, and the roles of governments and educational institutions. The digital era demands HR to adapt to technological advancements and manage changes swiftly. Organizations need to provide training, continuous development, and create a work climate that fosters innovation. Meanwhile, governments and educational institutions play crucial roles in establishing ecosystems that support HR competency improvement. This research is supported by a literature analysis of 10 relevant scientific articles. The article also offers implementation strategy recommendations based on recent research findings.
من عيون التراث الصوفي- رسالة في الشريعة والطريقة والحقيقة لنجم الدين الكبرى (ت: 618هـ): دراسة وتحقيق
Authors: فتحي مجلي عبد الحميد نادي
Published: December 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحقيق ودراسة رسالة "الشريعة والطريقة والحقيقة" للإمام نجم الدين الكبرى (ت 618هـ)، أحد أبرز مؤلفات التراث الصوفي الإسلامي. تسعى الدراسة لتسليط الضوء على أهمية الرسالة وإبراز مكانة مؤلفها، إلى جانب تقديم نسخة محققة للنص وفقًا للمنهجية العلمية المتبعة في تحقيق المخطوطات. يتكون البحث من مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة. يتناول المبحث الأول التعريف بالإمام نجم الدين الكبرى وسيرته ومكانته العلمية. ويختص المبحث الثاني بدراسة الرسالة من حيث عنوانها ونسبتها ومخطوطاتها. أما المبحث الثالث، فيشتمل على التحقيق النصي للرسالة بناءً على منهج علمي دقيق. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن رسالة "الشريعة والطريقة والحقيقة" تمثل إحدى الرسائل التأسيسية الهامة في التراث الصوفي، وتؤكد على أصالة التصوف ضمن الفكر الإسلامي. كما أبرزت الدراسة أن الطريقة الصوفية تقتضي الجمع بين الشريعة والطريقة والحقيقة، ولا يكتمل سلوك السالك بدون الالتزام بهذه الأركان مجتمعة.
SAINTHOOD IN RELIGIOUS, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN EGYPTIAN AND PAKISTANI SUFI MODELS
Authors: Higazy Wael
Published: December 2024

تبحث هذه الدراسة المقارِنة مفهوم الولاية في الأعراف الصوفية المصرية والباكستانية منذ القرن العشرين وحتى الوقت الحاضر. ورغم التأثير العميق للتصوف في بلورة المشهدين الديني والثقافي في كل من مصر وباكستان، فإن مظاهر الولاية في السياقين تُظهر جوانب مشتركة وأخرى متمايزة. تُحلل الدراسة مختلف أبعاد الولاية، بما في ذلك المشاركة السياسية، والنشاط الاجتماعي، والقيادة الدينية، والروحانية، والزهد، ودور النساء في الولاية، وثقافة الأضرحة، والمعجزات، وتأثير الكاريزما. من خلال مقارنة منهجية، تُبرز الدراسة أوجه التشابه البارزة بين التقليدين، مثل بناء الأضرحة، وإقامة المهرجانات السنوية، والتركيز على قيم الزهد والتقوى، والإيمان بقدرة الأولياء على تقديم الإرشاد الروحي والبركات. في الوقت ذاته، تُسلط الضوء على الاختلافات الملحوظة، لا سيما في المصطلحات المستخدمة، والنطاق الجغرافي لتأثير الأولياء، والمواقف تجاه التقاليد الصوفية في الأديان الأخرى. وتؤكد الدراسة أن المنهج المقارن يُشكّل أداة فعالة لتعزيز الحوار والتفاهم المتبادل بين هذه المجتمعات الصوفية المختلفة. ومن خلال دراسة الروابط بين الأعراف الصوفية في جنوب آسيا والشرق الأوسط، تُسهم هذه الورقة البحثية في إثراء مجال الدراسات الثقافية المقارنة وتعميق الخطاب الأكاديمي حول التصوف ومفهوم الولاية عبر الثقافات.
التفسير الإشاري والتأويل الرمزي في الفكر الصوفي: دراسة تحليلية نقدية لمنهج الحلاج والنِّفَّرِي
Authors: الشطيري رضا محمد محمد ابراهيم
Published: December 2024

يستكشف هذا البحث بالتحليل النقدي منهج التفسير الإشاري والتأويل الرمزي في الفكر الصوفي الإسلامي، متخذاً من أعمال الحسين بن منصور الحلاج (ت 309هـ) ومحمد بن عبد الجبار النفري (ت 354هـ) نموذجين للدراسة. ويهدف البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على الخصائص المنهجية والفكرية المميزة لتفسير هذين العالمين الصوفيين، وتحليل الأبعاد الدلالية والرمزية في تأويلاتهما للنصوص الدينية والتجارب الروحية. ينطلق البحث من فرضية أن التأويل الإشاري والتعبير الرمزي يشكلان ركيزة أساسية في منهج الحلاج والنفري التفسيري، حيث وظفا اللغة المجازية والإيحاءات الباطنية كأدوات للكشف عن المعاني العميقة والدقائق الروحية التي تتجاوز المدلولات الظاهرية للألفاظ. وتتبع الدراسة جذور هذا المنهج في التراث الصوفي، وتستقرئ أبرز ملامحه وتطبيقاته في نصوص مختارة من أقوال الحلاج ومخاطبات النفري. يعتمد البحث على المنهج التحليلي النقدي، حيث يتناول بالشرح والتحليل الأسس النظرية والمنطلقات الفكرية التي يستند إليها التفسير الإشاري الصوفي، ويناقش بعض الإشكاليات المنهجية التي تثيرها تأويلات الحلاج والنفري، كمسألة الغموض والإبهام في التعبير، وإمكانية الشطح والخروج عن ظاهر النصوص الشرعية. كما يسعى البحث إلى تقييم مدى انسجام هذا المنهج مع أصول التفسير في الفكر الإسلامي، ومساهمته في إثراء التراث التأويلي برؤى جديدة ومعاني عميقة. يخلص البحث إلى أن منهج التأويل الإشاري والتفسير الرمزي عند الحلاج والنفري يمثل تياراً مهماً في الفكر الصوفي الإسلامي، ويعكس محاولة جادة لسبر أغوار النصوص الدينية واستكشاف مكنوناتها الباطنية بعيداً عن المعاني السطحية البسيطة. ورغم ما يكتنف هذا المنهج من صعوبات وتحديات، إلا أنه يظل شاهداً على ثراء التجربة الصوفية وعمقها، ومثالاً على تفاعل الفكر الإسلامي مع آفاق التأويل والتفسير بشكل خلاق ومتجدد.
Hubungan Sanitasi, Status Imunisasi dan Riwayat Pemberian Makan Prelakteal terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 6-24 Bulan di Desa Simpang Rimba Tahun 2022
Authors: Mutmainah Laeli , Jatmiko Suyana , Rinasari Nania
Published: December 2024

Stunting merupakan kondisi gangguan pertumbuhan akibat kekurangan gizi kronis dalam jangka panjang. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui hubungan status imunisasi, sanitasi dan riwayat pemberian makan prelakteal dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 6-24 bulan di Desa Simpang Rimba tahun 2022. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional. Waktu penelitian ini dilakukan mulai dari bulan Agustus 2022 sampai dengan januari 2023. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai balita 6-24 bulan yang ada di Desa Simpang Rimba Puskesmas Rias Kabupaten Bangka Selatan yaitu sejumlah 106 orang dan jumlah sampel penelitian adalah 52 responden. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil univariat ditemukan ada 32.7% responden stunting, 84.6% responden yang mempunyai status imunisasi lengkap, 53.8% responden yang melakukan sanitasi kurang baik, dan 51.9% responden yang memberikan makan prelakteal. Hasil analisis bivariat ditemukan tidak ada hubungan status imunisasi dengan stunting (p =1.000), ada hubungan sanitasi dengan stunting (p =0.047), dan ada hubungan riwayat pemberian makan prelakteal dengan kejadian (p=0.030). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah variabel yang berhubungan dengan stunting pada balita usia 6-24 bulan di Desa Simpang Rimba adalah sanitasi dan riwayat pemberian makan prelakteal. Disarankan bagi ibu memperhatikan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan dan pemberian makan pada anak.
Analisa Alur Pendaftaran pada Pelayanan Pasien Rawat Jalan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Puskesmas Warnasari
Authors: Suryati Diana , Ramadan Abdi
Published: December 2024

Pelayanan puskesmas telah banyak melakukan perubahan untuk mengantisipasi potensi peningkatan kasus Covid-19. Selain pelayanan dalam bentuk virtual, pelayanan langsung kepada masyarakat juga dilaksanakan dengan memenuhi protokol kesehatan yang telah ditetapkan. Pendaftaran Rawat Jalan merupakan unit fungsional yang menangani penerimaan pasien yang berobat rawat jalan di puskesmas. Permasalahan yang timbul berkaitan dengan proses alur pendaftaran pasien rawat jalan ialah kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat dengan adanya pembaharuan alur pendaftaran pada masa covid-19 menggunakan hotline atau pemeriksaan secara online dan pengambilan obat langsung ke puskesmas dengan waktu yang telah ditentukan dokter. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi alur pendaftaran rawat jalan sebelum, saat dan perbedaan alur saat pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dalam bentuk kata dengan penelitian deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan informan utama ialah Kepala Puskesmas dan Ka Subbag TU. Berdasarkan penelitian ini terdapat perbedaan pada alur pendaftaran rawat jalan sebelum dan saat pandemi dimana sebelum pandemi pasien melakukan pemeriksaan langsung di puskesmas, saat pandemi alur yang digunakan ialah hotline atau konsultasi melakukan konsultasi secara online.
Real-Time Infection Detection System in Broiler Farm using MobileNetSSD Model
Authors: Doko Liman A. , Jiya Eli Adama , Olanrewaju Oyenike Mary
Published: December 2024

The early detection of diseases in poultry farms is very important in safeguarding flock health and reducing economic losses. Outdated method of monitoring poultry health involves manual examinations, which are time consuming, labor-intensive and prone to inaccuracies. To curtail these challenges, this study presents a real-time infection detection system using lightweight object detection model called MobileNetSSD model for efficient and automated health monitoring. The system consists of deep learning techniques with affordable hardware that support real-time detection, tracking and analysis of broilers movement patterns in farm A, that consist of untagged healthy broilers and Red tagged sick broilers. The exercise was repeated three times to obtain movement threshold 84.9cm for sick broilers and 213.03cm healthy broilers, the outcome produced from reference farm A was used to analyze farm B and farm C. The model achieved 87% average accuracy, 93% average precision 78% average recall and 84.9% average F1 score. The integration of this system into existing farms, can lead to prompt interventions, curb the spread of infections and overall improvement in health management of broilers. This also research highlights the potential of computer vision in modifying poultry health monitoring practices, contributing to more sustainable and efficient poultry farming.
Sustainability In IT Practices: Researching Green It Strategies And Their Impact On Sustainable Business Practices
Authors: Rahman Anisur
Published: December 2024

Green IT has emerged as a critical approach for addressing environmental challenges in the IT sector while enhancing operational efficiency and organizational sustainability. This study systematically reviewed 50 peer-reviewed articles, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, to explore the role of Green IT in reducing energy consumption, managing e-waste, leveraging emerging technologies, and integrating sustainability into corporate governance frameworks. The findings reveal that energy-efficient practices, such as virtualization and cloud computing, reduce energy usage by up to 50%, while effective e-waste management strategies recover up to 80% of valuable materials, significantly mitigating environmental harm. Emerging technologies, including blockchain and IoT, enable real-time monitoring and resource optimization, further enhancing the impact of Green IT initiatives. Additionally, integrating Green IT into corporate governance and aligning it with corporate social responsibility enhances brand reputation, stakeholder trust, and employee engagement. The study also identifies opportunities for interdisciplinary research to address complex sustainability challenges by combining insights from IT, engineering, environmental science, and behavioral science. This comprehensive review underscores the transformative potential of Green IT in achieving global sustainability goals and provides actionable insights for organizations, policymakers, and researchers seeking to adopt environmentally responsible IT practices.
COMPARISON OF COMPETENCY LEVELS AMONG PHYSICAL THERAPISTS PRACTICING IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HEALTH CARE CENTERS OF FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN
Authors: Rasool Anbreena , Tahir Zainab , Mukhtar Inza , Fatima Munazza , Riaz Zunaira , Hussain Fatima
Published: December 2024

Background: Competency among physical therapists is critical to delivering high-quality, patient-centered care. Public and private healthcare centers offer differing environments and resources that may influence therapists’ skill development and experience levels. Public centers often provide broader patient exposure, while private centers may emphasize specialized skills. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the competency levels of physical therapists practicing in public and private healthcare settings in Faisalabad, Pakistan, to provide insights that could enhance training and professional development in these environments.
Objective: To assess and compare the competency levels of physical therapists working in public versus private healthcare centers in Faisalabad, Pakistan, using the Physical Therapy Profile Questionnaire (PTPQ).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted across various healthcare facilities in Faisalabad. After initial screening, 108 physical therapists were selected through purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria focused on active clinical practice with at least one year of experience. The PTPQ was employed to evaluate competencies, examining areas such as clinical experience, education level, and treatment preferences. Data analysis included frequency distribution and associations between affiliation, education level, and experience.
Results: Among 108 participants, private healthcare centers accounted for 85 therapists, with 36 holding a Master’s degree, compared to 8 in public centers. In terms of experience, 2 public healthcare therapists had over 10 years of experience, while only 1 private healthcare therapist had similar experience. Public centers also had 11 therapists with under 2 years of experience, compared to 47 in private centers. Additionally, 5 public and 21 private therapists had 5–10 years of experience. Public sector therapists demonstrated significantly higher levels of patient exposure.
Conclusion: While physical therapists in private healthcare centers demonstrated higher competency in specific skills, those in public centers gained broader clinical experience through diverse patient interactions. This comparison highlights the complementary strengths of each setting, suggesting that combining elements of both could enhance training programs for physical therapists.
FREQUENCY PF LYMPHOPENIA IN MODERATE TO SEVERE COVID 19 PATIENTS
Authors: Shafiq Ahmad  , Ajmal Khan  , Muzamil Mahmood  , Waqar Kabir  , Sajjad Ahmad  , Syed Nadeem Badshah
Published: December 2024

Background: Lymphopenia, a decrease in lymphocyte count, is frequently observed in severe COVID-19 cases and may indicate disease severity. This retrospective study aimed to identify factors predictive of lymphopenia, evaluate its relationship with COVID-19 severity, and assess its impact on mortality. Understanding lymphopenia’s role could enhance clinical assessment and management of high-risk patients, particularly those with pre-existing comorbidities.
Objective: To analyze the predictive factors for lymphopenia, establish its association with COVID-19 severity, and examine its effect on patient outcomes, including mortality.
Methods: This retrospective, single-center observational study included 500 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between 2020 and 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on lymphocyte counts: 300 patients (60%) with lymphopenia and 200 (40%) without. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, including CT scan findings and inflammatory markers, were collected. Statistical comparisons were made to identify differences between groups, and key outcomes such as mortality, ICU interventions, and length of hospital stay were evaluated.
Results: Of the 500 patients, the lymphopenia group had a median age of 65 years, significantly higher than the 62 years in the non-lymphopenia group. Lymphopenia patients had higher rates of diabetes and hypertension. Elevated levels of CRP (190.27 mg/L) and LDH (583 U/L) were noted in the lymphopenia group, with a significant association between lymphopenia and CT scan severity. While lymphopenia patients required more non-invasive ventilation (110 cases) and invasive ventilation (150 cases), lymphopenia also correlated with a higher mortality rate (100 vs. 20 in non-lymphopenia).
Conclusion: Lymphopenia is prevalent in severe COVID-19, particularly among older adults and patients with comorbidities, and serves as a potential marker for adverse clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to establish lymphopenia’s predictive role in COVID-19 severity and prognosis, supporting its inclusion in clinical assessments.
NUTRITIONAL AND PHYSIO-CHEMICAL COMPARISON OF FRESH, RAW AND COMMERCIAL MILK
Authors: Anam Arif  , Abbas Sabiha , Abbas Muhammad Sibt-e- , Ahmed Shabbir , Usman Muhammad , Ilyas Sania
Published: December 2024

Background: Milk is a vital source of nutrition for individuals of all age groups, including infants, children, adults, and the elderly. It is globally recognized for its rich nutrient profile, offering proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. However, milk adulteration, particularly with water, has become a widespread issue, reducing its nutritional quality and posing significant health risks. Understanding variations in milk quality among different suppliers is crucial to ensuring safe consumption and guiding better production practices.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the quality, safety, and nutritional composition of fresh raw milk from farms, shops, milkmen, and packaged brands available in local markets, identifying variations and contamination levels to promote consumer awareness and inform better handling practices.
Methods: Milk samples were collected from farms, shops, milkmen, and packaged brands through random sampling in the Multan region. A total of 20 milk samples were analyzed, five from each source. Sterilized glass bottles were used for sample collection, followed by transportation in iceboxes to maintain freshness. Nutritional analyses included protein, fat, lactose, and moisture content using standard methods such as the Kjeldahl and Gerber techniques. Physio-chemical properties, including specific gravity, acidity, total solids, and solids-not-fat, were measured using lactometers, pH meters, and titration methods. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA to assess significant differences among groups.
Results: The study revealed significant variations in milk quality. Packaged milk showed the lowest moisture content (80.4%), while milkman samples had the highest (92.0%). Protein levels ranged from 2.2% in milkman samples to 3.4% in farm milk. Fat content was lowest in milkman samples (2.1%) and highest in farm milk (4.3%). Lactose ranged from 3.2% in milkman samples to 5.5% in packaged milk. Solid-not-fat content varied between 7.7% and 8.5%, while total solids ranged from 11.6% to 14.4%. Specific gravity ranged from 1.02 to 1.03, and acidity levels were between 0.09% and 0.15%. Packaged milk was the safest option with minimal contamination, while farm milk exhibited superior nutritional quality compared to milk from shops and milkmen, which were heavily contaminated.
Conclusion: Packaged milk was found to be safer for consumption, but farm milk exhibited better nutritional quality. Milk from shops and milkmen was heavily contaminated, underscoring the need for improved hygiene practices. These findings emphasize the importance of awareness among consumers, farmers, and suppliers regarding milk quality, adulteration, and safe handling practices to ensure better public health outcomes.
Metastatic Medullary Carcinoma Thyroid of the Palatine Tonsil: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Muhammad Saqib  , Muhammad Usama  , Shayan Shahid Ansari  , Hadia Wali  , Fahad Rehman  , Muhammad Ali Hassan
Published: December 2024

Background: Metastatic involvement of the palatine tonsil by primary thyroid tumors is an exceedingly rare clinical occurrence. Medullary carcinoma thyroid, which comprises only a small percentage of all thyroid malignancies, is known for its potential to metastasize, often resulting in a less favorable prognosis.
Case Details: We present the case of a 66-year-old male with no previous comorbidities, who had undergone a left thyroid lobectomy 35 years prior without histopathological examination. The patient was initially asymptomatic, presenting with an incidental finding of an opacity on a chest X-ray during routine examination. Subsequent investigations revealed a metastatic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, with metastasis to the palatine tonsil, confirmed through histopathology after tonsillectomy. This case is reported to be the first of its kind involving metastasis of medullary thyroid carcinoma to the palatine tonsil.
Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of considering metastatic disease in unusual locations such as the palatine tonsil and highlights the need for thorough evaluations, including immunohistochemical analysis, for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. The findings emphasize the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in managing such rare occurrences to improve patient outcomes.
Assessment of Sarcopenia and its Association with Hand Grip Strength in Elderly Population
Authors: Abbas Khadija , Hassan Syeda Zainab , Abid Iqra , Gillani Syeda Myra , Jan Akasha , Jabbar Benish
Published: December 2024

Background: Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in older persons that is linked to significant morbidity and death. It was defined as an age-related loss of muscle mass and deterioration in muscle strength. Hand grip strength is significantly impacted by sarcopenia. Sarcopenia in older adults has significant effects on everyday functioning and general quality of life. Elderly mortality, diminished capacity to handle the stress of a serious illness, and disability are all influenced by sarcopenia.
Objective: This study aims to find the assessment of sarcopenia and its association with hand grip strength in elderly population.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and the data was collected from hospitals (Iffat Anwar, Central Park Teaching hospital), private clinics and old homes (Aafiat) through non-probability convenience sampling technique. The sample size was 187. The tools used to collect data were Digital Handheld Dynamometer, SARC-F questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. Data was assessed by using SPSS version 27.
Results: There is a strong association between sarcopenia and Hand Grip Strength and the P value is less than 0.05.  Mean Berg Balance scale value is 45.32% and mean hand grip strength is 18.88% among the participant.
Conclusion: Participants with sarcopenia showed positive association with hand grip strength and balance. There is a strong possibility that people with sarcopenia have impaired balance and hand grip strength.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN NEONATAL SEPSIS
Authors: Ahsan Hameed  , Abdul Hafeez Soomro  , Saima Ahsan  , Tanveer Ahmad Chaudhry  , Sabir Khan  , Quratulain Riaz  , Muhammad Farrukh Habib
Published: December 2024

Background: Neonatal infections, mainly sepsis, constitute an extremely important cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns, particularly in developing countries. Early diagnosis is important for receiving proper treatment and better prognosis.
Objective: To assess the diagnostic ability of different hematological parameters in neonatal sepsis taking blood culture as a gold standard.
Methods: A total of 102 neonates admitted to NICU, at PAEC General Hospital, Islamabad, between Feb, 2023 to April, 2024, with clinical suspicion for sepsis were included in the study. Each patient was subjected to lab investigations which included WBC, ANC, Platelets, CRP and blood culture. Neonates were categorized as Group A (culture-positive sepsis, n=48) and Group B (culture-negative sepsis, n=54). The diagnostic performance of these hematological indices was evaluated on the basis of comparison with culture report.
Results: The percentage of neonates was 54.2% for the Group A and 57.4% for the Group B, no statistically significant difference (p = 0.756). Likewise, there was no statistically significant difference in the average gestational age and birth weight between Group A (36.8 ± 2.4 weeks; 2.65 ± 0.58 kg) and Group B (37.1 ± 2.2 weeks; 2.72 ± 0.62 kg) (p = 0.530 and p = 0.620, respectively). Leukocytosis was recorded in 25.0% of the neonates in group A compared to 9.3% of the babies in group B (p=0.032). Thrombocytopenia was observed in 58.3% of culture- positive neonates compared to that in 31.5% culture negatives cases (p = 0.011). Significantly higher proportions of neonates from Group A had elevated CRP levels (> 10 mg/L) compared to those from Group B (79.2% vs. 22.2%, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Hematological parameters, especially CRP levels, ANC and thrombocytopenia are useful markers for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. CRP, in particular, showed the best sensitivity and specificity as a sepsis biomarker for neonates.
LEARNING STYLE PREFERENCE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS, PAKISTAN: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Khattak Hafsah Gul , Arshad Hafsah , Moiz Khan Abdul , Abbas Manahil , Aliyan Hamza , Tahir Hamza
Published: December 2024

Background: Each student possesses unique learning style preferences that vary based on their characteristics, cognitive levels, physical conditions, and readiness to acquire, process, and retain knowledge. Identifying and adapting to these preferences can enhance the selection of teaching methods and improve academic performance.
Objective: This study aims to assess the learning style preferences among undergraduate physiotherapy students in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to July 2023 involving undergraduate students aged 18 to 28 years from both genders. Data were collected using the VARK Questionnaire (Version 8.01) developed by Fleming and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were utilized to analyze the data and examine the association of VARK learning styles between male and female students.
Results: Among the 476 participants, with a mean age of 23.71±0.36 years, 258 (54.2%) were female and 218 (45.8%) were male. A total of 298 (62.60%) students preferred a multimodal learning style, while 178 (37.40%) opted for unimodal learning styles. Bimodal learning was preferred by 155 (32.6%) students. The most preferred unimodal learning style was kinesthetic, chosen by 15.3% of students. A significant majority of female students (76.3%) showed a preference for multimodal learning styles compared to 56.45% of male students.
Conclusion: Multimodal learning styles are predominantly preferred by undergraduate physiotherapy students in Rawalpindi, with a notable preference among females for a combination of visual, auditory, reading, and kinesthetic modes.