bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges Conducting Research with Adolescents in Public Schools
Authors: Bonnell Kory J. , Hargiss Christina L. M. , Norland Jack E.
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas

To research adolescents, permission needs to be gained from multiple gatekeepers.

More gatekeepers exist in larger school districts and areas with greater populations.

Access to student populations becomes increasingly more difficult and less likely with more gatekeepers.

Higher participation rates occur in rural schools than in urban cluster and large metropolitan/inner city areas.

Gatekeepers are a necessary safeguard, but will limit research opportunities.

Understanding the knowledge and perceptions of adolescents is an integral part of creating better curriculum and education materials in the natural sciences. This study explores the challenges of working with a protected population in a public school setting in terms of Institutional Review Board standards, the complex process of a researcher gaining access to the public schools, and the difficulty in attaining both parental and youth consent. In total 39 school districts throughout the state of Minnesota, USA, were invited to participate in the study; school districts were contacted from three demographics including (1) large metropolitan/inner city, (2) urban cluster, and (3) rural. Overall, securing participation among all demographics was challenging, though rural populations were the easiest when compared with the other demographics. Differences between groups were related to how gatekeepers granted approval. More gatekeepers exist in larger school districts and areas with greater populations. The ongoing complexities of gaining access to adolescents in public school settings may cause problems in determining what students actually know about the natural sciences and could hinder creation of appropriate education materials based on this information. The information in this study can be used by researchers, extension professionals, and educators to better understand how to navigate the current challenges that exist when researching a protected population in public schools.
Preliminary research findings of three FAR-studies: what has been found so far?
Authors: Quadackers Luc , Van Zanten Marike
Published: October 2018

Based on the 2016 call for research proposals, six research projects were launched as a first beacon on the FAR research agenda, strengthening the collaboration between auditing academics and practitioners. During the second plenary session of the conference, representatives of two of the research teams presented initial insights of their studies. These presentations were provided by Therese Grohnert and Wim Gijselaers (concerning learning culture) and Anna Gold (regarding group audits). Furthermore, Olof Bik and Jan Bouwens, who are working on a FAR project in a so-called ‘joint working group’, presented their study onpartner incentives and performance. A summary of the findings of the three studies follows next, supplemented with a short overview of the discussion with the audience.
Three new FAR research projects: what’s going to happen?
Authors: Quadackers Luc , Van Zanten Marike
Published: October 2018

The 2017 call for research proposals resulted in twelve submitted proposals. Seven projects were eventually selected for a grant from the FAR.[i]During the conference, three of these seven FAR-studies were presented. The FAR-board aims at striking a balance in selecting research proposals, in order to optimize both practical and academic usefulness of the studies. Therefore, a multi-method, multi-theme mix also makes up the 2017 ‘cohort’ of studies. The fourth plenary session of the conference is a sample of the broad set of studies that currently make up the FAR research portfolio, with projects grounded in, for example, economics, accounting and psychology and using archival and (field) experimental methods.

 

Mark Peecher, Joseph Gerakos, and Jeroen Suijs successively presented the research proposals of their projects. Below you will find a short summary of the accepted research proposals they presented during the conference, to provide insight into these planned studies, as well as a short summary of the discussion with the participants.

 

Note

[i]An overview of the FAR research projects can be found at: http://foundationforauditingresearch.org/far-research-projects/

 
Quantifying methane point sources from fine-scale satellite observations of atmospheric methane plumes
Authors: Varon Daniel J. , Jacob Daniel J. , McKeever Jason , Jervis Dylan , Durak Berke O. A. , Xia Yan , Huang Yi
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Anthropogenic methane emissions originate from a large
number of relatively small point sources. The planned GHGSat satellite fleet
aims to quantify emissions from individual point sources by measuring methane
column plumes over selected ∼10×10 km2 domains with
≤50×50 m2 pixel resolution and 1 %–5 %
measurement precision. Here we develop algorithms for retrieving point source
rates from such measurements. We simulate a large ensemble of instantaneous
methane column plumes at 50×50 m2 pixel resolution for a range
of atmospheric conditions using the Weather Research and Forecasting model
(WRF) in large eddy simulation (LES) mode and adding instrument noise. We
show that standard methods to infer source rates by Gaussian plume inversion
or source pixel mass balance are prone to large errors because the turbulence
cannot be properly parameterized on the small scale of instantaneous methane
plumes. The integrated mass enhancement (IME) method, which relates total
plume mass to source rate, and the cross-sectional flux method, which infers
source rate from fluxes across plume transects, are better adapted to the
problem. We show that the IME method with local measurements of
the 10 m wind speed can infer source rates with an error of
0.07–0.17 t h-1+5 %–12 % depending on instrument precision
(1 %–5 %). The cross-sectional flux method has slightly larger
errors (0.07–0.26 t h-1+8 %–12 %) but a simpler physical
basis. For comparison, point sources larger than 0.3 t h−1 contribute
more than 75 % of methane emissions reported to the US Greenhouse Gas
Reporting Program. Additional error applies if local wind speed measurements
are not available and may dominate the overall error at low wind speeds. Low
winds are beneficial for source detection but detrimental for source
quantification.
Characteristic study of double substorm onsets in response to IMF variations
Authors: Cheng Ching-Chang , Russell Christopher T. , Mann Ian R. , Donovan Eric , Baumjohann Wolfgang
Published: October 2018

Abstract. A study of the characteristics of double substorm onsets in response to variations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is undertaken with magnetotail and ground observations by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission on 18 March 2009 and 3 April 2009 (Kp ~ 0), and on 16 February 2008 and 24 February 2010 (Kp ~ 2–3). During the time of interest, THEMIS probes at −8RE > XGSM > −20RE and 5RE > YGSM > −5RE observed earth-bound flow bursts accompanied by magnetic dipolarizations varying in two stages. The keograms and all sky images close to their footprints showed two consecutive auroral breakups of which the first appeared at lower latitudes than the second. The ground-based magnetometers sensed magnetic bays and perturbations resulting from the formation of substorm current wedge. Two consecutive pulsations in the Pi2-Ps6 band period occurred simultaneously from high to low and very low latitudes. They appeared in the same cycle of growth and then decline in Kyoto-AL. The onset timing of ground pulsations mapped to the solar wind observation just in front of Earth’s magnetopause shows their occurrence under an IMF variation cycle of north-to-south and then north. Their dynamic spectrums have the spectral features of double substorm onsets triggered by northward IMF turning. Hence in response to IMF variations, double substorm onsets can be characterized with two-stage magnetic dipolarizations in the magnetotail, two auroral breakups of which the first occurring at lower latitudes than the second, and two consecutive Pi2-Ps6 band pulsations.
Are Two Clauses Really Better Than One? Rethinking the Religion Clause(s)
Authors: Beschle Donald L.
Published: October 2018

n/a
Ensayo ganador del VIII Premio Enrique Ruano Casanova: El principio de legalidad penal y su configuración como derecho subjetivo en el sistema regional europeo de protección de los derechos humanos
Authors: Ayala González Alejandro
Published: October 2018

Este artículo analiza el desarrollo jurisprudencial que el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos ha realizado del art. 7 del Convenio Europeo para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y de las Libertades Fundamentales, en el que se consagra el principio de legalidad penal. Tras hacer referencia al origen histórico del principio, se examina su contenido y alcance desde la perspectiva del Derecho comparado. A continuación se estudia la configuración que el principio ha recibido en el Sistema Regional Europeo de Protección de los Derechos Humanos. En primer lugar, se analizan los mandatos de lex scripta y lex certa en relación con el concepto «ley» consagrado en el Convenio y, posteriormente, se examina el subprincipio de prohibición de retroactividad, así como los límites a los que éste se ve sometido.
La apuesta por la mejora de las condiciones laborales en la Ley 9/2017, de 8 de noviembre, de Contratos del Sector Público
Authors: Rodríguez Escanciano Susana
Published: October 2018

Aun cuando la contratación pública no está diseñada para que sea un medio de fomento directo ni de control específico de medidas sociales, la verdad es que puede tener un extraordinario poder de conformación sobre el tejido empresarial; no en vano quienes quieran acceder a los procedimientos de licitación pública y resultar finalmente adjudicatarios deben cumplir forzosamente con las condiciones y exigencias predefinidas de antemano por los poderes adjudicadores. Bajo tal premisa, la Ley 9/2017, de 8 de noviembre, de Contratos del Sector Público, apuesta por la incorporación transversal y preceptiva de criterios sociales en las distintas fases del proceso de contratación con el fin de mejorar el régimen laboral de los trabajadores afectados.
Beneficios a autores de delitos de lesa humanidad en Argentina: la Corte Suprema de Justicia y un polémico fallo
Authors: Basaure Miranda Isaac Marcelo
Published: October 2018

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en determinar si la reciente sentencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación Argentina respeta o no el ordenamiento jurídico interno e internacional relativo a los delitos de lesa humanidad. En el fallo caratulado Bignone, Reynaldo Benito Antonio y otro vs. recurso extraordinario, emitido el 3 de mayo de 2017, la Corte Suprema resolvió beneficiar al señor Luis Muiña, condenado por crímenes de lesa humanidad, ordenando que se aplique en su caso la Ley 24.390, comúnmente conocida como «Ley del 2x1». La misma establece que, una vez transcurridos los dos primeros años de prisión preventiva, se computarán dos días de prisión por cada día de encarcelamiento cautelar efectivamente cumplido. En este trabajo se buscará entonces determinar si el otorgamiento de tal beneficio supone una violación a la legislación pertinente.
El parámetro de diligencia debida de la administración concursal en la confección del informe
Authors: Gilo Gómez César
Published: October 2018

La determinación del nivel de exigencia en la actuación de la Administración Concursal a la hora de confeccionar el informe constituye la cuestión fundamental en el desarrollo de este documento regulado en los arts. 74 y 75 de la Ley Concursal. En este sentido, sólo a través de la fijación del patrón de conducta de los profesionales al afrontar esta tarea podremos establecer hasta dónde llegan los límites de su actuación. Este patrón viene determinado por el deber de diligencia.
Del "Toma la plaza" a la "okupación" en Extremadura: la politización del espacio en los movimientos "indignados"
Authors: Allen-Perkins Diego , Frías Campomanes Irene
Published: October 2018

Entre los movimientos sociales que han situado la apropiación del espacio como repertorio de acción destacado para la participación política de la ciudadanía, sobresale el movimiento 15M o movimiento “indignado”. La ocupación del espacio presenta, desde la cotidianeidad, un lugar político en el que el conflicto se sitúa como elemento analítico central y, simultáneamente, supone un escenario de posibilidad para la emergencia de nuevas formas de participación política. La presente etnografía analiza la producción social del espacio de los movimientos “indignados”, a través del estudio de los repertorios de acción e identificaciones de los activistas en tres procesos de ocupación en la comunidad autónoma de Extremadura (España) entre los años 2011 y 2014. El trabajo discute los alcances y limitaciones de las estrategias de los movimientos en la extensión de las demandas y formas de organización a marcos institucionales y representativos de participación política, desde el análisis de las prácticas de sentido y de gestión del conflicto que desarrollan los participantes en los espacios.
La política cultural exterior y la cooperación entre Rusia y España en la esfera de la Educación
Authors: Khimich Galina A. , Tsvyk Vladimir A. , Ponomarenko Liudmila V.
Published: October 2018

Hoy en día la Educación no puede ser estudiada solamente en el marco de la política interior de un país, porque, cruzando las fronteras nacionales, la Educación, igual que todas las esferas de la actividad humana, tiende a ser global. Y así se va convirtiendo en uno de los recursos de la política exterior de los estados, recursos potentes y perspectivos a largo plazo. Últimamente, muchos estados apuestan por el desarrollo de la política del poder blando, y la Educación, desde luego, forma parte de esta estrategia como  uno de los instrumentos principales de la  creación de la imagen positiva del país en el extranjero. Debido a esto, la colaboración internacional en la esfera de la Educación forma parte de la esfera de los intereses geopolíticos del estado. Consideramos muy actual no solamente hacer el estudio de la importancia de la colaboración internacional educativa en el marco de la política social del país, sino analizarla desde el punto de vista de las perspectivas de relaciones internacionales. En el artículo se investiga y se hace el análisis comparativo de la política cultural exterior  de Rusia y España;  se estudia la experiencia de la creación de los primeros programas de Doble Titulación entre Rusia y España en el contexto de las estrategias del desarrollo de la Educación de los dos países.  Se analizan los primeros resultados del funcionamiento de dichos programas, que supusieron un avance muy importante en la colaboración internacional de los dos países.
Las metamorfosis del libreto. Análisis de Avis de tempête (Georges Aperghis / Peter Szendy).
Authors: Deco Prados Francisco
Published: October 2018

Tras analizar brevemente la crisis de la ópera y sus transformaciones durante el siglo XX, en especial a partir de los años 60, el artículo se centra en el compositor Georges Aperghis y en su ópera Avis de tempête, deteniéndose en la radical fragmentariedad de su libreto (elaborado en colaboración entre el músico y el ensayista Peter Szendy) y en las relaciones intertextuales que en él se establecen. Del mismo modo, se hace un breve análisis de las modalidades de intermedialidad que imponen el uso de la electrónica y la realidad de la puesta en escena.
1-stage bilateral total hip arthroplasty operation in 22 patients with use of short and standard stem length on either side: gait analysis 1 and 2 years after bilateral THA
Authors: Zügner Roland , Tranberg Roy , Puretic Goran , Kärrholm Johan
Published: October 2018

Background:

According to previous gait analyses, insertion of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) will improve the range of hip flexion-extension but not to normal. Use of short stems could have a potential to improve the motion by preservation of more bone and muscular attachments. We evaluated whether a short femoral stem resulted in improved hip motion compared to a conventional stem in patients who underwent 1-stage bilateral THA. The most painful hip was randomised to either design and the 2nd hip was operated with the design not used on the 1st side.

Methods:

Gait analysis was performed with an optical tracking system in 22 patients. The follow-up was performed 1 and 2 years after the operation. The mean age was 59 (SD 7.7) years and body mass index was 27.7 (SD 4.3). 66 subjects without hip pathology served as controls.

Results:

Minimal differences were observed, between or within the 2 different stem designs during gait at the 2 follow-up occasions. Comparison between each of the 2 stem designs and controls at 2 years revealed reduced stride length (p = 0.009), cadence, hip extension (p<0.001) and hip extension-flexion range (p = 0.021) for both designs. Furthermore, the range of hip adduction-abduction (p = 0.046) and hip abduction moment for both designs in the frontal plane was also reduced bilaterally (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

We found no difference in gait parameters between the short and the conventional stem after 1-stage bilateral THA. Although both hip joints were operated at the same time motions and moments did not normalise after bilateral 1-stage operations.
Fake News vs. “Foke” News: A Brief, Personal, Recent History
Authors: Frank Russell
Published: October 2018

This brief essay outlines the forms of fake news that arose in the journalism world in recent decades and shows how they eroded the credibility of mainstream news sources and created an opening for alternative news, including, ironically, fake news—which also takes many forms. In an attempt to distinguish fake news that is meant to deceive from fake news that is meant to amuse, the term “foke” news is proposed.
Veyshnoria: A Fake Country in the Midst of Real Information Warfare
Authors: Astapova Anastasiya , Navumau Vasil
Published: October 2018

As a humorous response to the threat of the Russian occupation of Belarus during the joint military exercise of September 2017, civic activists created the fictional Republic of Veyshnoria. This meme soon obtained all the attributes of a micro-nation, including numerous virtual citizens, serving to critique the autocratic government of Belarus and creating a platform for alternative nation-building. Via humor and fake news, fictional Veyshnoria is becoming increasingly instrumental in the realm of information and ideological warfare.
The Bowling Green Massacre
Authors: Evans Timothy H.
Published: October 2018

In this article, I examine the vernacular, parodic response to one example of fake news, the “Bowling Green Massacre.” Much of this was posted on the internet, including photo-based memes, tweets, songs, and faux survivor interviews. Although such internet folklore is often seen as unrelated to place, in this case, there were many place-based references, and the response in Bowling Green, Kentucky, also included community celebrations. These responses form a complex web of counter-narratives that claim agency in the face of “fake” narratives emanating from the Trump administration.
Factors Influencing IPOs Pricing and Performance in Saudi Arabia: A Halal and Haram Perspective
Authors: Alnodel Ali , Khawaja Muhammad Junaid
Published: October 2018

The objective of the study is to determine the factors affecting underpricing behaviour of  IPOs in Saudi stock market. A special interest is to study the effect of Shariah compliance of Saudi investors on the extent IPO underpricing. The paper uses multiple regression analysis on the IPOs data for Saudi Stock market from 2004 to 2017 with a total of 105 observations.The results show overwhelming evidence of underpricing of IPOs during the first day trading. The most important result of this piece of research is that investors positively respond to the IPOs with Shariah compliance and return is negatively affected by Shariah board. The results also show that the abnormal returns are driven by the demand side factors like oversubscription. Other findings of the study show that premium to face value, type of audit firms and underwriters, and Saudi stock market index are significant determinants of the underpricing of IPOs.The most important implication of this paper is that the existence of abnormal first day return in Saudi stock market shows the existence of market imperfections. By motivating the investors to invest in Shariah compliant IPOs, decreasing the element of uncertainty and ensuring information symmetry these abnormal returns can be normalized. The results show that Saudi society is partial towards Shariah compliant investment opportunities and the investors’ desire to avoid investments involving Haram activities can be used to reduce market imperfections.This paper identifies the important determinants of IPOs underpricing in Saudi stock market and sheds light on the effect of Shariah compliant firms on IPO underpricing. Keywords – IPOs, Underpricing, Shariah Compliance, Auditor, Stock Market, Saudi Arabia
Evaluation of Teacher's Attitudes Related to the Place-Based Education Approach Applied in Social Studies Lessons
Authors: Özkaral Tuğba Cevriye , Mentiş Taş Ayşe
Published: October 2018

The objective of this research is to evaluate the class and social studies teachers' attitudes on the place-based education approach applied in social studies lesson. The research is carried out using a survey model. In the research, a scale was developed to evaluate teachers' attitudes about "Place-Based Education" approach and activities applied in social studies lessons. After the necessary permissions taken from the Ministry of National Education, the scale was applied to 212 teachers. There was no significant difference between class and social sciences teachers' attitudes towards place based education approach for gender, branch, educational background, years of service and in-service training variables.
Investigating the Performance of Japan’s Competitive Grant Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research System
Authors: Yamashita Yasunori , Giang Hoang Gyan , Oyama Tatsuo
Published: October 2018

We aim at investigating characteristics of Japan’s largest competitive grant Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (GASR) system in order to find a desirable research funding system, obtaining more applicants from various academic disciplines, researchers’ gender, and ages. Firstly, we briefly describe the Japanese competitive research funding system including the GASR system. Then we investigate the GASR system quantitatively, focusing on its funding, allocation and relationship with the Japanese Science and Technology Basic Plans. Quantitative characteristic analyses are conducted for the GASR system from various perspectives such as type of research projects, academic disciplines, researchers’ gender, and ages by investigating the data for applications, acceptances, and budgets allocated in the recent 10 years. Finally, we summarize our findings and conclude the paper by proposing policy recommendations to improve Japan’s competitive research funding system.
The Effect of Religious Commitment on Psychological Security: The Case of Female Students at Irbid University College
Authors: Alsharah Naser Ibrahim , Alazam Abd-Alnaser Ahmad , Alhamad Nayef Fadous , Al-Sharaah Faisal Khlaif
Published: October 2018

Both a 75-items and a 30-items scales were used to uncover the relationship between religious commitment and psychological security among a sample of (156) female students in Irbid University College. Answers revealed that female students are religiously committed as they are psychologically secure. The study has found out that academic average, and income influence the degree of religious commitment of sample, but not their psychological security. Meanwhile, the study proved that parents’ religiosity and relationship influence their daughters’ religious commitment and psychological security. In this retrospect, the study suggests to conduct further research that tackle the behavioural (treatment) aspect of religion on students, and father-child relationship, and psychological security.
Synthesis of Environmental Research Knowledge: The Case of Paraguayan Pantanal Tropical Wetlands
Authors: Eufemia Luca , Bonatti Michelle , Sieber Stefan
Published: October 2018

The Paraguayan Pantanal offers a valuable case of research regarding natural resource management in tropical wetlands. It is one of the world´s largest wetland of globally important ecological and cultural value that is threatened from environmental exploitations. Paradoxically, this area is rarely scientifically investigated. Therefore, in this paper, this case was chosen to identify literature indirectly related to the area and to highlight the dominant research trends and corresponding gaps. This research was conducted to cluster the available science-based research of Pantanal´s tropical wetlands in order to advocate for more environmental governance focus. Concepts used in the scientific literature of the Paraguayan Pantanal were extrapolated and summarized in category system. A cluster framework of 12 variables of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) was classified into three main search-categories: community engagement and participatory approach (CEPA), natural resources management (NRM) and framework developed (FD). The frequency of different categories demonstrates the natural science´s perspectives dominate over human sciences and humanities. Most of the Paraguayan Pantanal has been studied with regard to its ecological, biological and physical properties. The development of research interest over time and the primary focus on ecological baseline conditions are related to its designation as a Ramsar Site, an UNESCO tentative World Heritage Site and the orientation of national policies towards either environmental protection or regional economic development. A substantial research gap was identified in the FD as studies tended to link their findings to human activities but disregarded the connection between governance variables, natural resource and environmental developments. It is suggested to expand the natural science´s perspective on Paraguay´s wetlands to account for economic, social and political aspects in order to develop a holistic and environmentally sustainable production of science in and about the area.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BIFIDOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM INFANT FAECES
Authors: E Bayar , Sh Demberel , Ishii Satomi , Miyazaki Kensuke , Yoshida Takashi
Published: October 2018

Antibacterial activity of bifidobacteria isolated from Mongolian infant faeces was elucidated on pathogenic intestinal bacteria for the development of a new antibacterial bifidobacteria, the permission for which was granted by the Mongolian Medical Ethics Committee Approval (MMECA). A total of forty-nine single colonies were obtained from 3 samples by using a BL medium enrichment. Among them, 29 isolates had Gram−positive, catalase−negative properties, and maul−like or Y−shaped morphology, and then, 20 Bifidobacterium breve and 9 Bifidobacterium longum strains were detected by the B. breve and B. longum specific primers. Organic acids produced by the isolated bifidobacteria in their cell-free supernatants were quantitatively analyzed by a spectrophotometric absorbance at 340 nm, suggesting that D−lactic, L−lactic, and acetic acids were produced, and the pH of the supernatants was at 3.86−4.55. The isolated bifidobacteria showed antibacterial activity toward Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium as high as that of a standard bifidobacteria, however, lower activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity was probably due to the production of organic acids.
PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY OF SOME SMALL MAMMALS FROM SCIURUDAE FAMILY IN MONGOLIA
Authors: U Bolortuya , G Bayarmaa , Kh Mandakhtsetsen , D Oyuntsetseg , D Bayarlkhagva
Published: October 2018

The squirrel family, Sciuridae, is one of the largest and widespread, ecologically common families of mammals. Due to the conspicuousness of this small mammal group with a big population, insufficient knowledge exists about its phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we identified 14 DNA sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene in 6 species of Sciuridae and these sequences were compared with corresponding published COI gene sequences of the same species in Eurasia and determined their phylogenetic relationships by Neighbor-joining method.
Military education for students within the framework of the Academic Legion: A pilot project
Authors: Wywiał Przemysław
Published: October 2018

The paper presents assumptions about the new model of military training for students within
the framework of the Academic Legion. It also discusses the traditions of military training of
students and graduates in the Second Polish Republic and following the transformations of
1989, with special focus on the tradition of the Academic Legion. Furthermore, it examines
assumptions about the pilot project of military training of students that was implemented
in the academic year 2017/2018 and highlights the training curriculum for the theory
course and for the practical military drills during holidays.
INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR SPOTTING THE FALLS OF BALLISTIC ARTILLERY SHELLS AND MISSILES
Authors: Weiss Janusz , Grzybowski Józef
Published: October 2018

A system monitoring the falls of artillery projectiles within the area of live firings consists of detectors, separated by distances no larger than 50 m in the ground and 100 m in water, having a single core microcomputer with GPS localiser, radio link interface and a powering battery. For this reason a data transmitter is placed near the area and a receiver of transferred data and a computer with the software for visualisation of projectile impact sites is placed on a centre for controlling (commanding) and evaluating the results of firing. The managing software reconstructs an event and its position and displays it in the real time into the picture of the area shown on the monitor by analysing the data received from detectors in the form of compressed records of digital data. The received data can be used for verification and evaluation of performed firing assignments.
EFFICIENCY OF OPERATION FOR THE MILITARY ECONOMIC UNIT (MEU)
Authors: Figurski Jan , Fonrobert Piotr , Ćwik Dariusz
Published: October 2018

Specialised logistic entities hereby named as Military Economic Units (MEU) have a significant meaning in the structure providing operational capabilities for the Polish Armed Forces through relieving the military units involved in drilling/combat operations in the logistic tasks. The performance of difficult objective tasks demands a presence of professional staff in the MEU and its efficiency of operation has to be evaluated by an analysis of received results, also in a financial aspect. The paper describes an application of a managerial profitability function as a form of assessment for the MEU activities which includes different conditions for execution in determined time frames.
QuEChERS-Based Extraction Procedures for the Analysis of Bisphenols S and A in Breast Milk Samples by LC-QqQ-MS
Authors: Tuzimski Tomasz , Pieniążek Dominika , Buszewicz Grzegorz , Teresiński Grzegorz
Published: October 2018

Different extraction and clean-up protocols, based on either the dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) and the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) approach, were optimized and compared for the determination of selected bisphenols such as bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) in breast milk samples. QuEChERS-based sample preparation procedure was optimized by evaluation of different clean-up sorbents including zirconium-based sorbents (Z-Sep and Z-Sep Plus) and primary secondary amine. Negligible matrix interference was observed for most of the analytes due to application of 45 mg Z-Sep or 45 mg Z-Sep + 5 mg Z-Sep Plus sorbents in d-SPE clean-up step. Acceptable analytical performance for the BPA and BPS was observed with recoveries percentage in the range of 70–92% and RSD less than 15%. The pilot study was performed by applying HPLC with diode-array detection, and optimized procedures were transferred to the LC triple-quadrupole MS system. LC with electrospray ionization and tandem MS operating in the multiple reaction monitoring mode provide high sensitivity and selectivity for trace analysis. The LODs were 0.10 and 0.54 ng/mL, and the LOQs were 0.20 and 1.35 ng/mL for BPS and BPA, respectively. The developed procedures were evaluated in terms for material collection obtained from women (inhabitants of Lublin, Poland). In 20 samples, bisphenol residues were detected at concentrations from 0.09 to 11.56 ng/mL.
Depoimento sobre a Trajetória Artística e o Projeto "Alguidar: Uma Apropriação"
Authors: Bortolin Rosana
Published: October 2018

No depoimento aqui apresentado mostro a possibilidade do uso da técnica do torno como suporte de desenvolvimento de uma linguagem plástica. Assim sendo, passo a expor a minha visão de arte em relação ao trabalho artesanal dos oleiros da Grande Florianópolis, me aproprio daquela produção intencionalmente,objetivando descondicionar o olhar do espectador para objetos do cotidiano, possibilitando uma outra leitura dos mesmos.
Afastando fantasmas da história recente...
Authors: Oliveira Sandra Ramalho e
Published: October 2018

Nos currículos de formação dos professores de arte existe um espaço destinado à história do ensino de arte no Brasil; para fundamentar a abordagem deste assunto, subsidiamo-nos em uns poucos autores, com destaque para Ana Mae Barbosa, na sua História da Arte-Educação. Mas, ao longo da existência desses mesmos cursos de formação, e em decorrência da atuação de seus egressos, fomos construindo uma nova etapa dessa história. Por mais paradoxal que pareça a expressão “história contemporânea”, é isso que aqui tentamos alinhavar: aspectos relacionados à história recente do ensino de arte em nossa realidade brasileira, através desse ângulo particular, de sul do Brasil. Este texto apresenta uma revisão dos principais problemas encontrados na realidade educacional, sendo que um dos referenciais é uma pesquisa de campo da década de noventa.
Memória, teoria e prática: fios que se tecem na formação do professor
Authors: Unglaub Tânia Regina da Rocha
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo visa analisar a formação do professor, discutindo alguns elementos que influenciam a maneira de ser do docente, bem como sua ação pedagógica. Para tanto, buscou-se compreender vários fios que se tecem na construção desse processo pedagógico. Um dos fios mencionado e destacado neste contexto é a memória. Reflete-se sobre sua interação dinâmica, tanto com o passado, embora alterado pelo dinamismo das lembranças, quanto com o presente, ao procurar na experiência um complemento indispensável para uma formação equilibrada na arte de ensinar.
AS PROPOSTAS DE ENSINO MUSICAL DESENVOLVIDAS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL E MÉDIO: RESULTADOS DE UM SURVEY DE PEQUENO PORTE REALIZADO NA CIDADE DE SANTA MARIA – RS
Authors: Machado Daniela Dotto
Published: October 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo expor parte dos resultados alcançados por uma pesquisa efetuada durante minha formação como Mestra em Educação Musical, no Programa de Pós-graduação em Música da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil. A pesquisa mencionada investigou as competências docentes que, na visão dos professores de música, seriam necessárias para o exercício da prática pedagógico-musical no contexto escolar. Os resultados que serão apresentados neste artigo tratam, de modo amplo, das propostas de ensino musical desenvolvidas nas escolas, por esses docentes de música. Na realização desse estudo empreguei o método de survey. Participaram da investigação doze professores de música atuantes em escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As informações dos docentes foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas.
NUPEART – Núcleo Pedagógico de Educação e Arte: 2000-2005
Authors: Figueiredo Sérgio Luiz Ferreira de
Published: October 2018

Núcleo Pedagógico de Educação e Arte: 2000-2005
Consensus designs and thermal stability determinants of a human glutamate transporter
Authors: Cirri Erica , Brier Sébastien , Assal Reda , Canul-Tec Juan Carlos , Chamot-Rooke Julia , Reyes Nicolas
Published: October 2018

Human excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) take up the neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain and are essential to maintain excitatory neurotransmission. Our understanding of the EAATs’ molecular mechanisms has been hampered by the lack of stability of purified protein samples for biophysical analyses. Here, we present approaches based on consensus mutagenesis to obtain thermostable EAAT1 variants that share up to ~95% amino acid identity with the wild type transporters, and remain natively folded and functional. Structural analyses of EAAT1 and the consensus designs using hydrogen-deuterium exchange linked to mass spectrometry show that small and highly cooperative unfolding events at the inter-subunit interface rate-limit their thermal denaturation, while the transport domain unfolds at a later stage in the unfolding pathway. Our findings provide structural insights into the kinetic stability of human glutamate transporters, and introduce general approaches to extend the lifetime of human membrane proteins for biophysical analyses.
Metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in women exposed to secondhand smoke
Authors: Siti Hajar Mohd Hanaffi , Zulkefli Sanip , Juwita Shaaban , Norhayati Mohd Noor , Siti Suhaila Mohd Yusoff , Rasool Aida Hanum Ghulam , Harmy Mohamed Yusoff
Published: October 2018

Background

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to determine the effects of SHS on the cardiovascular disease biomarkers, namely the metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in healthy adult women.

Methods

This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy women. The cases included those women exposed to SHS, and the controls included those women not exposed to SHS. SHS exposure was defined as being exposed to SHS for at least 15 min for 2 days per week. Venous blood was taken to measure the metabolic markers (high molecular weight adiponectin, insulin level, insulin resistance, and nonesterified fatty acids), oxidative stress markers (oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol and 8-isoprostane), and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6). A hair nicotine analysis was also performed. An analysis of covariance and a simple linear regression analysis were conducted.

Results

There were 101 women in the SHS exposure group and 91 women in the non-SHS exposure group. The mean (with standard deviation) of the hair nicotine levels was significantly higher in the SHS exposure group when compared to the non-SHS exposure group [0.22 (0.62) vs. 0.04 (0.11) ng/mg; P = 0.009]. No significant differences were observed in the high molecular weight adiponectin, insulin and insulin resistance, nonesterified fatty acids, 8-isoprostane, oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol, interleukin-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein between the two groups. The serum high molecular weight adiponectin was negatively associated with the insulin level and insulin resistance in the women exposed to SHS. However, no significant relationships were seen between the high molecular weight adiponectin and nonesterified fatty acids, 8-isoprostane, oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the SHS group.

Discussion

There were no significant differences in the metabolic, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers between the SHS exposure and non-SHS exposure healthy women. A low serum level of high molecular weight adiponectin was associated with an increased insulin level and resistance in the women exposed to SHS.
Soils of Urban and Human‐Impacted Landscapes
Authors: Howard Jeffrey L. , Daniels W. Lee
Published: October 2018

Anthropogenic soils (referred to here as anthrosoils) are soils that have been influenced, modified, or created by human activity. They are found worldwide in urban and other human‐impacted landscapes. Four distinct types of anthrosoils can be distinguished based on geographical setting and historical context: (i) agricultural, (ii) archaeological, (iii) mine‐related, and (iv) urban. Most anthrosoils found in agricultural and archaeological settings are classified as Anthrosols, whereas those in mine‐related and urban settings are classified as Technosols, according to the World Reference Base (WRB). Anthrosols are formed by transformation of a natural soil by human additions of organic or inorganic materials over long periods of time. Technosols are formed in parent materials created and deposited by human activity (e.g., mine spoils, urban fill). Six basic types of agricultural Anthrosols are known: (i) Hortic, (ii) Plaggic, (iii) Terric, (iv) Pretic, (v) Irragric, and (vi) Hydragric, which vary according to different agricultural methods. Four types of anthropogenic soils are found at archaeological sites: (i) Midden, (ii) European Dark Earth, (iii) Cemetery, and (iv) Burial mound. They were developed in various historical contexts (agricultural, occupation, ceremonial, and burial sites). Mine‐related anthropogenic soils are primarily associated with modern landscapes created by the surface mining of coal. They are classified as Spolic Technosols, according to the WRB, based on the fact that they contain technogenic artifacts in the form of mine spoil. Urban Technosols are soils that have ≥20% (by volume) artifacts in the upper 100 cm. Urban Technosols vary according to land‐use types (e.g., Urbic, Spolic, Garbic, Ekranic, and Leptic). According to US Soil Taxonomy, Anthrosols and Technosols generally correspond to soils formed in human‐altered and human‐transported materials, respectively.
Spatial Filtering
Authors: Mesev Victor
Published: October 2018

Data values continuously change in response to the geographical features they represent. Smaller changes are indicative of more homogeneous features, while larger changes indicate heterogeneity. These changes in data values are termed “spatial frequencies,” and they dictate the level of visual contrast. Sometimes visual contrast is very low (because of very low spatial frequencies), which can make interpretation of geographical features difficult. Spatial filtering is a technique that alters the magnitude of spatial frequencies to create higher visual contrasts between geographical features. In remote sensing, linear and nonlinear spatial filters use cell‐based windows to reduce or enhance spatial frequencies, so that geographical features can be visually smoothed or sharpened. In general statistical analysis, spatial filters are used to isolate the underlying effects of geographical variables from the effects of temporal and spatial autocorrelation.
Permafrost: Definition and Extent
Authors: Dobiński Wojciech
Published: October 2018

Permafrost is a rock or soil the temperature of which is ≤0°C for at least two consecutive years. It is formed as a result of a freezing climate. It occurs at all latitudes around the world in continuous, discontinuous, sporadic, and isolated patches and covers more than 36 × 10
6
 km
2
. It is invisible and separated from the surface by an active layer from zero to several meters thick. The Arctic permafrost is connected with colder weather resulting from the increase of latitude. In the Northern Hemisphere it covers especially: Canada, Alaska, and Siberia, with a depth reaching up to 1500 m. Mountain permafrost begins at an altitude of 500 m above sea level and reaches up to an altitude of 8848 m in the Himalayas. In the Southern Hemisphere it covers Antarctica and the mountain range of the Andes, about 13.5 × 10
6
 km
2
in total. It also occurs in space.
Location‐Based Games
Authors: Ahlqvist Ola
Published: October 2018

Location‐based games is a subgenre of a group of games called pervasive games due to the way they expand the spatial, temporal, and social boundaries of traditional games. A defining character of location‐based games is the degree to which the locations of game entities, such as players, avatars, tokens, or other objects, determine the game dynamics. In addition, these games are characterized by the varying degree to which they employ various mobile, location‐aware, information, and communication technologies to create a blurring of the boundaries between the game world and the real world.
Geography Education: Fieldwork and Contemporary Pedagogy
Authors: Day Terence , Spronken‐Smith Rachel
Published: October 2018

Geographers have taken a leading role in post‐secondary pedagogic innovation, and this is reflected in a rapidly evolving landscape of teaching and learning within the discipline. Lectures used to involve the transmission of information from the lecturer to the student but are now much more interactive, with multimedia, student discussions, interactive exercises, and formative assessment based on “clickers.” Practical and laboratory work is now much more relevant than formerly, with the use of real datasets and less emphasis on repetitive calculations. Fieldwork is still important and safety issues are taken seriously, but equity, risk, and legal liabilities have discouraged some departments and instructors. In contrast, signature pedagogies, including experiential and service learning, along with undergraduate research and inquiry, have seen growth. Textbooks are moving into electronic formats that allow them to be more closely integrated into active learning.
Alien and Native Species
Authors: Warren Charles R.
Published: October 2018

The native/alien distinction is central to nature conservation, but both the distinction itself and policies based on it are contested. Because the terms “native” and “alien” do not describe biological characteristics but dispersal history, definitions rest on spatiotemporal boundaries which are socially constructed. Invasive alien species have severe ecological and economic impacts, and so conservationists defend the distinction and anti‐alien policies. However, opposition to all alien species in principle has been critiqued on numerous grounds, most controversially because of the parallels with racism, but also because it often clashes with cultural values. Some call for the native/alien framework to be abandoned, yet it is being reinforced worldwide in conservation policy.
Snow Cover Changes
Authors: Brown Ross D.
Published: October 2018

Seasonal snow covers a large fraction of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) land area (and some Southern Hemisphere mountain regions) for periods of up to 10 months of the year and is an integral part of the landscape, climate, hydrology, ecology, and economy. A snow cover (duration, depth) and its physical properties (albedo, density, crystal structure, etc.) represent an integrated response of physical processes to a number of external climate/environmental drivers. Greenhouse gas‐induced warming and moistening of mid‐ to high latitudes, increased incoming longwave radiation, and Arctic green‐up are all drivers of a changing snow cover, and there is growing evidence from surface and satellite observations of significant changes in seasonal snow cover: significant declines in spring snow cover duration are observed across the NH, and significant decreases in winter snowpack are observed over mid‐latitudes, particularly coastal mountains. Trends in snow cover simulated by climate models are for the most part consistent with observations but underestimate the observed rates of decrease in Arctic spring snow cover. Climate models have improved but important sources of uncertainty remain related to snow albedo feedbacks, high‐latitude precipitation, and inadequate treatment of landscape‐dependent snow processes.