bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of channel integration quality on consumer responses within omni-channel retailing
Authors: Chen Tser Yieth , Yeh Tsai Lien , Wu Hsueh Ling , Deng Ssu
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The aim of this research is to explore the influence of channel integration quality on consumer perception and response from the individual customer perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collected 517 online questionnaires from residents in Taipei (Taiwan) and Shenzhen (China) in 2020 based on quota sampling. The empirical study employed structural equation modeling.

Findings

Based on the empirical results, the primary path indicated that channel-service configuration positively affected experience quality, which mainly positively affected customer engagement. The secondary path showed that channel-service configuration positively affected experience quality, which positively affected customer empowerment. Furthermore, experience quality and relationship proneness are mediating variables concerning the impact of channel integration quality on customer responses.

Research limitations/implications

This study had time and budget limitations; thus, 517 questionnaires were collected from Taipei and Shenzhen. If the budget allows, it would be better to collect 1,000 questionnaires in total (500 from Taipei and 500 from Shenzhen).

Practical implications

Retailers should realize the core of omni-channel retailing, which is no longer concentrated on the “quantity” of channels but on consumers. When omni-channel retailers integrate online and offline channels, the retailers should try to understand what consumers want and then provide similar and diverse products and services in different channels so that consumers have more choices.

Originality/value

The novelty of this research is the investigation of the mediation effect of channel integration quality and consumer responses on retailers and consumers, and enriching current research on omni-channel retailing from the bottom-up perspective, as well as a comprehensive study on the two types of channel integration quality and two types of consumer responses.
Employability skills framework: a tripartite approach
Authors: Mahajan Renuka , Gupta Pragya , Misra Richa
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The paper aims at examining the employability skills relevant in the unprecedented times of turbulence in businesses due to COVID-19 in the Indian context.

Design/methodology/approach

The study examined the recent skills model through an extensive literature review. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is conducted to identify the employability skills perceived as important by multiple stakeholders. ANOVA was applied to examine the differences in perceived importance attached to these dimensions by the three stakeholders.

Findings

The ten-factorial solution was extracted based on the results of EFA The findings offer a fresh perspective on digital competencies perceived as most important to ensure successful long-term employability, followed by business fundamentals and behavioral skills.

Research limitations/implications

The study has been able to map perceptions of employers, faculty and students based in Delhi-NCR regarding essential employability skills. It would be worthwhile to validate the proposed employability skills framework across different geographical sections of India and ascertain if the perceptions vary in the employment sector and employer size.

Practical implications

Although the study has put forth practical employability skills, there is a need for convergence between the business stakeholders and Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) to develop a broad skill-base for the fresh graduates. The study will prepare them for the volatile business environment.

Originality/value

Many previous studies have lacked the employability skill framework in the Indian context from the multiple stakeholders' perspective. The HEIs can rethink their current employability, including the most prominent skills required in succeeding in a technology-enabled business environment transformed by the pandemic.
Pre-adolescent children's understanding of health and being healthy: a multidimensional perspective from the UK
Authors: Warburton Victoria E. , Beaumont Lee C. , Bishop Krystal C.M.
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The authors applied a multidimensional conceptual lens that incorporated physical, emotional, social, intellectual and spiritual health dimensions to explore pre-adolescent children's understanding of health and what it means to be healthy.

Design/methodology/approach

Forty-six children aged 9–11 years old completed a short questionnaire about their understanding of health and what it means to be healthy. Data analysis was completed through a deductive analysis applying a multidimensional conceptual lens and an inductive thematic analysis of the content of children's responses to each question.

Findings

The analysis of children's understandings of health and being healthy both revealed five common themes: Being well, physically active, fit and healthy; Healthy eating and body composition; Physical activity examples; Physical activity characteristics; and Unsure or ambiguous. Across both questions the majority of responses reflected the physical dimension of health, with only a few references to the social and emotional dimensions. There was no evidence of the intellectual or spiritual dimensions of health in children's responses to either question.

Practical implications

The authors’ data suggest that the plateau in adolescent UK children's trajectory of understandings originates earlier in childhood, with children aged 9–11 showing a similarly limited understanding of health and being healthy as UK adolescents. Moreover, this focus on the physical dimension is narrower than previously considered as it is restricted to the movement category of this dimension only.

Originality/value

The authors’ findings have implications for the timing and focus of health education interventions for children.
Disinformation detox: teaching and learning about mis- and disinformation using socio-technical systems research perspectives
Authors: Paris Britt , Reynolds Rebecca , Marcello Gina
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to address some limitations in existing approaches to the study of mis- and dis-information and offers what the authors propose as a more comprehensive approach to framing and studying these issues, geared toward the undergraduate level of learner. In doing so, the authors prioritize social shaping of technology and critical informatics perspectives as lenses for explicating and understanding complex mis- and dis-information phenomena. One purpose is to offer readers an understanding of the mis- and dis-information studies landscape, and advocate for the merit of taking the given approach the authors outline.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper builds upon design-based research (DBR) methods. In this paper, the authors present the actual curriculum that will be empirically researched in 2022 and beyond in a program of iterative DBR.

Findings

Findings of this conceptual paper comprise a fully articulated undergraduate syllabus for a course the authors entitled, “Disinformation Detox.” The authors will iterate upon this curriculum development in ongoing situated studies conducted in undergraduate classrooms.

Originality/value

The value and originality of this article is in its contribution of the ontological “innovation” of a way of framing the mis- and dis-information knowledge domain in terms of social shaping and critical informatics theories. The authors argue that the proposed approach offers students the opportunity to cultivate a complex form of what Milner and Phillips describe as “ecological literacy” that is in keeping with the mis- and dis-information problem domain.
Managerial compensation and fixed intangible assets investment: the role of managerial ownership and firm characteristics
Authors: Adu-Ameyaw Emmanuel , Hickson Linda , Danso Albert
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This study examines how cash and stock bonus compensations influence top executives to allocate a firm's resources to fixed intangible assets investment and the extent to which this relationship is conditional on executives' ownership, firm growth, internal cash flow and leverage.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data from 213 non-financial and non-utility UK FTSE 350 firms for the period 2007–2015, generating a total of 1,748 firm-year observations, panel econometric methods are employed to test the authors’ model.

Findings

The authors observe that executives' cash bonus compensation positively impacts fixed intangible assets investment. However, executives' stock bonus compensation has a negative and significant influence on fixed intangible assets. The authors further observe that executives either cash bonus or stock bonus crucially invest more in fixed intangible assets when the firm has a growth potential. Also, both cash bonus and stock bonus executives in firms with lower internal cash flow spend less on fixed intangible assets. Similar results are also observed for those stock bonus-motivated executives with an increase in fixed intangible assets for low leverage firms but a decrease for high leverage ones.

Research limitations/implications

A key limitation of this study is its concentration on a single country (United Kingdom). Thus, future studies can expand the focus of this study by looking at it from the perspective of multiple countries.

Practical implications

The practical relevance of the study results is that firms with high growth opportunity in fixed intangible assets activity can use more cash bonus compensation (risk-avoiding incentive) to induce corporate executives to invest more in such activity. This finding is particularly important given the increasing appetite of firms in this knowledge-based economy to create expansion through fixed intangible assets investment. That is, for firms to increase fixed intangible assets investment, this study suggests that executive cash bonus compensation cannot be ignored.

Originality/value

While this paper builds on the classic Q theory of investment literature, it is the first – to the best of the authors’ knowledge – to explore how cash and stock bonus compensations influence top executives to allocate a firm's resources to fixed intangible assets investment and the extent to which this relationship is conditional on executives' ownership, firm growth, internal cash flow and leverage.
Development of a brand community engagement model: a service-dominant logic perspective
Authors: Haverila Kai , Haverila Matti , McLaughlin Caitlin
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a model that examines motives as antecedents and consequences of brand community engagement (BCE) based on the recent service-dominant (S-D) logic framework, which considers the many actors involved in creating and consuming value in the context of brand communities (BCs).

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected used an online survey and analyzed used partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

The relationships and their significance were examined using S-D logic. The results indicate that motives of information, self-discovery, status enhancement and entertainment were positively and significantly related to BCE, except social integration. BCE was significantly related to relationship quality (RQ) and customer satisfaction (CS). Finally, CS had a significant positive impact on RQ.

Originality/value

The contribution stems from the incorporation of the recent iteration of S-D logic as a theoretical framework into the BC model and the assessment of the relationships in the structural model.
Fatal pediatric hyperthermia: A forensic review
Authors: Bushong Lee C. , Diao Zhu
Published: February 2022

This paper examines a pediatric hyperthermia homicide in which the decedent was placed into a room with only a diaper on and left unattended overnight. There were no furnishings in the room except for a 1500‐W space heater and a stroller. The following morning, emergency personnel were summoned to the residence. A caretaker said the decedent was playing normally 5 min before making the 911 call. The decedent’s initial rectal temperature was 42.2°C. Law enforcement asked how long the child had to be exposed to a high temperature in order to induce fatal hyperthermia in an empty bedroom. The scene was reconstructed using the child’s residence and the same heater. Environmental data were gathered over a 16‐h period. The thermal parameters of the room and environment were analyzed using a lumped‐element thermal model. These parameters were then fed into an adapted Gagge’s two‐node model of human thermal regulation, which provided a time‐window of exposure necessary to elicit hyperthermia, which in this case, depending on certain variables, ranged from 45 min to 4 h.
Hashish seizures in Algeria over the 2019–2020 period: The rise of potent hashish hybrids
Authors: Boumrah Yacine , Kermouche Wissam , Zarita Bouzid , Drardja El Djemai , Bouanani Sabrina
Published: February 2022

In Algeria, hashish is by far the most common illicit drug. This study explores Algerian hashish over a two‐year period (2019–2020). A total of 2583 hashish samples from 1707 seizures for a total quantity of 108 tons were analyzed using a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection method (HPLC–DAD). The yearly arithmetic mean tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration shows relative stability—18.67% in 2019 and 19.03% in 2020 with an overall mean THC content of 18.87% and standard deviation of 10.99%. High‐potency hashish (THC content > 20%) is by far the most predominant type, representing almost 50% of the total Algerian hashish seizures (mean and median around 29%). The overall mean of cannabidiol (CBD) was 2.45%, and 12% of the total studied seizures were of very low CBD concentration (CBD content<1%). Three distinct hashish chemotypes were identified: Chemotype I described the traditional Moroccan hashish with THC content ranging from 0% to 16%, Chemotype II hashish included most of the seizures and characterized by THC content ranging from 16% to 30%, and Chemotype III was characterized by hashish potency higher than 30% and very low CBD content. The identified chemotypes I, II, and III were characterized in a ternary plot, and the relative contents (THC:CBD:CBN) were about 67%:29%:4%, 88%:9%:3%, and 96%:2%:2%, respectively.
The burden of illness of rheumatoid arthritis in Latin America—A systematic literature review
Authors: Papadimitropoulos Emmanuel , Brnabic Alan , Vorstenbosch Ellen , Leonardi Felice , Moyano Sebastian , Gomez Diana
Published: February 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which, when left untreated, may result in the destruction of multiple joints and damage a wide variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of disease burden for RA in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for publications in English, Spanish, or Portuguese from 2008 through June 2018. A total of 1700 records were retrieved and 36 articles were included. The estimated prevalence of RA for these countries ranged from 0.15% (Colombia) to 2.8% (Mexico). The Global Burden of Disease initiative 2019 estimated that RA accounted for 0.13% of world disability‐adjusted life‐years. For Latin America, these figures were higher: Argentina 0.16%, Brazil 0.16%, Colombia 0.21%, Mexico 0.30%, and Venezuela 0.24%. RA has a negative impact on physical, mental, and emotional well‐being as shown by substantially lower scores on measures of quality of life (SF‐36) compared with the general population. The annual direct cost in Mexico was estimated at US$3599 per person. For patients with severe RA in Brazil these costs were approximately US$10 000. Data from other studied countries were similar. Though evidence of the full cost and impact of RA in Latin American countries is scarce and additional studies are needed, the burden of RA in these regions is significant and comparable to other parts the world.
Tick tock, tick tock: Mouse culture and tissue aging captured by an epigenetic clock
Authors: Minteer Christopher , Morselli Marco , Meer Margarita , Cao Jian , Higgins‐Chen Albert , Lang Sabine M. , Pellegrini Matteo , Yan Qin , Levine Morgan E.
Published: February 2022

Aging is associated with dramatic changes to DNA methylation (DNAm), although the causes and consequences of such alterations are unknown. Our ability to experimentally uncover mechanisms of epigenetic aging will be greatly enhanced by our ability to study and manipulate these changes using in vitro models. However, it remains unclear whether the changes elicited by cells in culture can serve as a model of what is observed in aging tissues in vivo. To test this, we serially passaged mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and assessed changes in DNAm at each time point via reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. By developing a measure that tracked cellular aging in vitro, we tested whether it tracked physiological aging in various mouse tissues and whether anti‐aging interventions modulate this measure. Our measure, termed CultureAGE, was shown to strongly increase with age when examined in multiple tissues (liver, lung, kidney, blood, and adipose). As a control, we confirmed that the measure was not a marker of cellular senescence, suggesting that it reflects a distinct yet progressive cellular aging phenomena that can be induced in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated slower epigenetic aging in animals undergoing caloric restriction and a resetting of our measure in lung and kidney fibroblasts when re‐programmed to iPSCs. Enrichment and clustering analysis implicated EED and Polycomb group (PcG) factors as potentially important chromatin regulators in translational culture aging phenotypes. Overall, this study supports the concept that physiologically relevant aging changes can be induced in vitro and used to uncover mechanistic insights into epigenetic aging.
What Drives Stock Market Underreaction to Liquidity Shocks? Evidence from Korea*
Authors: Jang Jeewon
Published: February 2022

Stock‐level liquidity shocks have a positive cross‐sectional relation to not only contemporaneous returns but also one‐month‐ahead returns in the Korean stock market, which implies that the stock market underreacts to liquidity shocks. However, the return continuation after the arrival of liquidity shocks is short‐lived and disappears in two months in Korea, unlike in the United States. The positive relation between liquidity shocks and one‐month‐ahead returns is most pronounced for illiquid stocks but not present for liquid stocks, independently of the level of investor attention. However, the effect of limited attention on the positive relation differs somewhat across alternative attention proxies and becomes insignificant after controlling for liquidity. This evidence suggests that the short‐lived underreaction to liquidity shocks in the Korean stock market is primarily driven not by inattention but by illiquidity.
Risk Aversion and the Gender Gap in the Vote for Populist Radical Right Parties
Authors: Oshri Odelia , Harsgor Liran , Itzkovitch‐Malka Reut , Tuttnauer Or
Published: February 2022

Previous research has established that men are more likely to vote for populist radical right parties (PRRPs) than women. This article shows how cross‐national and temporal variations in PRRPs’ electoral success interact with individuals’ risk propensity to affect this gender gap. We hypothesize that gender differences in the electoral support of PRRPs stem from disparities in risk‐taking. We conceptualize risk in terms of two components, social and electoral, and demonstrate that women are more risk‐averse regarding both. Our analysis is based on public opinion data from 14 countries (2002–16) combined with macrolevel data on PRRPs’ past parliamentary fortunes. To distinguish between the social and electoral components in risk‐taking, we use the illustrative case study of Germany. Findings demonstrate that gender differences in risk‐taking and, by implication, the differences between women's and men's responses to the electoral context are key to understanding the voting gender gap.
Is the epithelial barrier hypothesis the key to understanding the higher incidence and excess mortality during COVID‐19 pandemic? The case of Northern Italy
Authors: Fiorito Silvana , Soligo Marzia , Gao Yadong , Ogulur Ismail , Akdis Cezmi A. , Bonini Sergio
Published: February 2022

The high incidence and increased mortality of COVID‐19 make Italy among the most impacted countries by SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak. In the beginning of the pandemic, Northern regions accounted for 40% of cases and 45% of deaths from COVID‐19 in Italy. Several factors have been suggested to explain the higher incidence and excess mortality from COVID‐19 in these regions. It is noticed that Northern Italian regions, and particularly the cities in Po Valley, are the areas with the highest air pollution due to commercial vehicle traffic, industry and a stagnant meteorological condition, with one of the highest levels in Italy and Europe of fine particulate matter 2.5 micron or smaller in size (PM2.5). PM2.5, the major environmental pollutant deriving mainly by factory and automobile exhaust emissions and coal combustion, increases the expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2, the epithelial cell entry receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2, and thus increase the susceptibility to this virus. The epithelial barrier hypothesis proposes that many diverse diseases may rise from the disruption of epithelial barrier of skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal system, including allergic diseases, metabolic and autoimmune diseases, and chronic neuropsychiatric conditions. There is evidence of a close correlation between air pollution and airway epithelial barrier dysfunction. Air pollution, causing lung epithelial barrier dysfunction, may contribute to local chronic inflammation, microbiome dysbiosis and impaired antiviral immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2, all of which contribute to the high incidence and excess mortality from COVID‐19. In addition, air pollution and epithelial barrier dysfunction contribute also to the higher prevalence of several comorbidities of COVID‐19, such as diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity, which have been identified as risk factors for mortality of COVID‐19. In this article, on the basis of epidemiological and environmental monitoring data in Northern Italy, it is suggested that epithelial barrier hypothesis may help to understand the excess burden and mortality from COVID‐19.
New insights into the genetic contribution of ALDH2 rs671 in pancreatic carcinogenesis: Evaluation by mediation analysis
Authors: Koyanagi Yuriko N. , Oze Isao , Kasugai Yumiko , Kawakatsu Yukino , Taniyama Yukari , Hara Kazuo , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Imoto Issei , Ito Hidemi , Matsuo Keitaro
Published: February 2022

A functional variant on ALDH2 rs671 (G>A) confers a protective effect against alcohol‐induced carcinogenesis through an indirect pathway mediated by decreased alcohol consumption. Conversely, this variant also contributes to the accumulation of carcinogenic agents, resulting in a direct carcinogenic effect. This study aimed to separately quantify these two opposing effects of the rs671 A allele on pancreatic cancer risk and explore the impact of the rs671 A allele and alcohol consumption on pancreatic carcinogenesis. We included 426 cases and 1456 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for alcohol consumption were estimated using a conditional logistic regression model. By defining rs671 A allele and alcohol consumption as exposure and mediator, respectively, we used mediation analysis to decompose the total‐effect OR of the rs671 A allele into direct‐ and indirect‐effect ORs. Alcohol consumption (10 g/d) was associated with pancreatic cancer risk (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.10), but tests for interaction between the rs671 A allele and alcohol consumption were nonsignificant, indicating that the effect of alcohol consumption did not vary by genotype. Mediation analysis showed that the nonsignificant total effect (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.92‐1.44) can be decomposed into the carcinogenic direct (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.72) and protective indirect effect (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77‐0.95). This study supports the association between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer risk and indicates the potential contribution of the rs671 A allele to pancreatic carcinogenesis through impaired metabolism of known or unknown ALDH2 substrates.
Serum amyloid A 1 induces suppressive neutrophils through the Toll‐like receptor 2–mediated signaling pathway to promote progression of breast cancer
Authors: Niu Xingjian , Yin Lei , Yang Xudong , Yang Yue , Gu Yucui , Sun Yutian , Yang Ming , Wang Yiran , Zhang Qingyuan , Ji Hongfei
Published: February 2022

Immune inflammation plays a key role in breast cancer development, progression, and therapeutic efficacy. Neutrophils are crucial for the regulation of the suppressive tumor microenvironment and are associated with poor clinical survival. However, the mechanisms underlying the activation of suppressive neutrophils in breast cancer are poorly understood. Here, we report that breast cancer cells secrete abundant serum amyloid A 1 (SAA1), which is associated with the accumulation of suppressive neutrophils. High expression of SAA1 in breast cancer induces neutrophil immunosuppressive cytokine production through the activation of Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2)‐mediated signaling pathways. These include the TLR2/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88)‐mediated PI3K/nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway and p38 MAPK‐associated apoptosis resistance pathway, which eventually promote the progression of breast cancer. Our study shows a mechanistic link between breast cancer cell secretion of SAA1 and suppressive neutrophils that potentiate tumor progression. These findings provide potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
Complex Functional Maps: A Conformal Link Between Tangent Bundles
Authors: Donati Nicolas , Corman Etienne , Melzi Simone , Ovsjanikov Maks
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we introduce complex functional maps, which extend the functional map framework to conformal maps between tangent vector fields on surfaces. A key property of these maps is theirorientation awareness. More specifically, we demonstrate that unlike regular functional maps that linkfunctional spacesof two manifolds, our complex functional maps establish a link betweenoriented tangent bundles, thus permitting robust and efficient transfer of tangent vector fields. By first endowing and then exploiting the tangent bundle of each shape with a complex structure, the resulting operations become naturally orientation‐aware, thus favouringorientation and angle preserving correspondenceacross shapes, without relying on descriptors or extra regularization. Finally, and perhaps more importantly, we demonstrate how these objects enable several practical applications within the functional map framework. We show that functional maps and their complex counterparts can be estimated jointly to promote orientation preservation, regularizing pipelines that previously suffered from orientation‐reversing symmetry errors.
Can students develop clinical competency in treatment planning remotely through flipped collaborative case discussion?
Authors: Jabbour Zaher , Tran Minh
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Effectiveness of flipped learning in clinical education is unknown. This study evaluates the effectiveness of remote case‐based learning for teaching clinical treatment planning compared with traditional in‐person clinical experience.

Materials and Methods

Four cases containing medical and dental charts were discussed through flipped learning with faculty panel during the COVID‐19 lockdown. Prior to each session, students worked individually or in groups to complete assignments with leading questions. After the final assignment, students completed a survey to rate the learning experience from each case, compare the remote experience with the previous in‐person clinical experience and provide suggestions to improve remote clinical instruction in the future. Students’ performance measured by the number of case assessments and competencies completed post‐lockdown was compared with pre‐lockdown and the previous year using odd ratio (OR), Chi‐squared test (χ2) and significant level p < .05.

Results

A total of 106 students completed the course, and 99 students completed all survey questions. Students reported positive learning experiences (overall mean = 7.84, SD = 1.11). Post‐lockdown, statistically significant increase in the proportions of total passed attempts (χ2 p = .002, OR = 2.23), competencies (χ2 p = .028, OR = 2.05) and case assessments (χ2 p = .004, OR = 2.73) was observed between the current class and the previous pre‐COVID‐19 class (108 students). Post‐lockdown, students also passed significantly more attempts (χ2 p < .0001), competencies (χ2 p < .0001) and case assessments (χ2 p = .008) compared with pre‐lockdown.

Conclusions

Although a flipped classroom does not replace in‐person clinical experience, teaching clinical treatment planning remotely improved students’ readiness and clinical performance through collaborative learning, practice and case exposure.
A systematic review of the relationships between nurse leaders' leadership styles and nurses' work‐related well‐being
Authors: Niinihuhta Milja , Häggman‐Laitila Arja
Published: February 2022

Aim

This systematic review aimed to summarize current research knowledge about the relationships between nurse leaders' leadership styles and nurses' work‐related well‐being.

Background

Due to the global shortage of nurses, it is essential for nurse leaders to maximize staff retention and work‐related well‐being.

Methods

Following Cochrane Collaboration procedures, the PRISMA statement and PRISMA checklist, relevant quantitative studies published between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2020 were retrieved from the CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed and Medic databases and then systematically reviewed. Seventeen cross‐sectional and follow‐up studies with surveys were retained for inclusion and evaluated with the Critical Appraisal of a Survey instrument. The data were summarized narratively.

Results

Three core themes of leadership styles: destructive, supportive and relationally focused, were identified, with statistically significant direct and indirect connections between nurses' work‐related well‐being. Well‐being was mainly assessed in terms of burnout. Effects of leadership styles on work‐related well‐being were reportedly mediated by trust in leader, trust in organization, empowerment, work‐life conflict, relational social capital, emotional exhaustion, affectivity, job satisfaction and motivation.

Conclusion

Nurse leaders' leadership styles affect nurses' work‐related well‐being. In developing intervention studies and providing training on work‐related well‐being, the impact of the indirect effects and the mediating factors of the leadership styles should be acknowledged.
Validation of models predicting lymph node involvement probability in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Blas Leandro , Shiota Masaki , Nagakawa Shohei , Tsukahara Shigehiro , Matsumoto Takashi , Monji Keisuke , Kashiwagi Eiji , Takeuchi Ario , Inokuchi Junichi , Eto Masatoshi
Published: February 2022

Objectives

There are many models to predict lymph node involvement in patients with prostate cancer. We aimed to externally validate several models in a Japanese cohort.

Methods

We considered patients who were treated with robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection for prostate cancer. The risk of lymph node involvement was calculated for each patient in several models. Model performance was assessed by calculating the receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve, calibration plots, and decision curve analyses.

Results

We identified lymph node involvement in 61 (18.4%) of the 331 considered patients. Patients with lymph node involvement had a higher prostate‐specific antigen level, percentage of positive biopsy cores, primary Gleason grade, Gleason group grade, and clinical T‐stage category. The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center web calculator presented the highest area under the curve (0.78) followed by the Yale formula area under the curve (0.77), the updated version of Briganti nomogram of 2017 area under the curve (0.76), and the updated version of the Partin table by Tosoian et al. had an area under the curve of 0.75. However, the 95% confidence interval for these models overlapped. The calibration plot showed that the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center web calculator and the updated version of the Briganti nomogram calibrated better. In the decision curve analyses, all models showed net benefit; however, it overlapped among them. However, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center web calculator and the updated Briganti nomogram presented the highest net benefit for lymph node involvement risks <35%.

Conclusion

Models predicting lymph node involvement were externally validated in Japanese men. The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center web calculator and the updated Briganti nomogram of 2017 were the most accurate performing models.
Molecular mechanisms controlling age‐associated B cells in autoimmunity*
Authors: Phalke Swati , Rivera‐Correa Juan , Jenkins Daniel , Flores Castro Danny , Giannopoulou Evgenia , Pernis Alessandra B.
Published: February 2022

Age‐associated B cells (ABCs) have emerged as critical components of immune responses. Their inappropriate expansion and differentiation have increasingly been linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, aging‐associated diseases, and infections. ABCs exhibit a distinctive phenotype and, in addition to classical B cell markers, often express the transcription factor T‐bet and myeloid markers like CD11c; hence, these cells are also commonly known as CD11c+T‐bet+ B cells. Formation of ABCs is promoted by distinctive combinations of innate and adaptive signals. In addition to producing antibodies, these cells display antigen‐presenting and proinflammatory capabilities. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that the ABC compartment exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity, plasticity, and sex‐specific regulation and that ABCs can differentiate into effector progeny via several routes particularly in autoimmune settings. In this review, we will discuss the initial insights that have been obtained on the molecular machinery that controls ABCs and we will highlight some of the unique aspects of this control system that may enable ABCs to fulfill their distinctive role in immune responses. Given the expanding array of autoimmune disorders and pathophysiological settings in which ABCs are being implicated, a deeper understanding of this machinery could have important and broad therapeutic implications for the successful, albeit daunting, task of targeting these cells.
Effects of e‐health interventions on health outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Lixue , Zhou Yunping , Yu Pengli , Meng Fei , Xu Yanhong , Jiang Yunxia
Published: February 2022

Aims and Objectives

To evaluate the effects of e‐health interventions on disease activity, self‐efficacy, pain and quality of life among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Background

Prior systematic reviews have only reported the quality and features of e‐health interventions in patients with RA. However, the effect of e‐health interventions in patients with RA is unclear.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

This review was conducted following the PRISMA guideline. We searched 5 databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane library. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The quality of the evidence was assessed via the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Using a random‐effects model adopted the standardised mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A chi‐squared test and an I2 test were used to assess heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on different controls.

Results

A total of 9 randomised control trials were included in this study. Compared with the control group, disease activity of the e‐health group significantly decreased (SMD with 95% CI: −.17 [−.30, −.04], p = .01, I2 = 1%). Meanwhile, trials with usual care control had a larger effect on disease activity (SMD with 95% CI: −.21 [−.40, −.02], p = .03, I2 = 38%). The effect of e‐health interventions on self‐efficacy was controversial; pain and quality of life were negative in the currently included studies. The quality of evidence was rated as low for disease activity and very low for pain, self‐efficacy and quality of life.

Conclusions

The effect of e‐health interventions on disease activity was statistically significant. More well‐designed randomised controlled trials are still needed to verify the effects in the future.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study shows the potential value of e‐health in improving health outcomes in patients with RA.
Dream recall frequency is associated with attention rather than with working memory abilities
Authors: Blain Salomé , de la Chapelle Aurélien , Caclin Anne , Bidet‐Caulet Aurélie , Ruby Perrine
Published: February 2022

Several factors influencing dream recall frequency (DRF) have been identified, but some remain poorly understood. One way to study DRF is to compare cognitive processes in low and high dream recallers (LR and HR). According to the arousal‐retrieval model, long‐term memory encoding of a dream requires wakefulness while its multisensory short‐term memory is still alive. Previous studies showed contradictory results concerning short‐term memory differences between LR and HR. It has also been found that extreme DRFs are associated with different electrophysiological traits related to attentional processes. However, to date, there is no evidence for attentional differences between LR and HR at the behavioural level. To further investigate attention and working memory in HR and LR, we used a newly‐developed challenging paradigm called “MEMAT” (for MEMory and ATtention), which allows the study of selective attention and working memory interaction during memory encoding of non‐verbal auditory stimuli. We manipulated the difficulties of the distractor to ignore and of the memory task. The performance of the two groups were not differentially impacted by working memory load. However, HR were slower and less accurate in the presence of a hard rather than easy to‐ignore distractor, while LR were much less impacted by the distractor difficulty. Therefore, we show behavioural evidence towards less resistance to hard‐to‐ignore distractors in HR. Using a challenging task, we show for the first time, attentional differences between HR and LR at the behavioural level. The impact of auditory attention and working memory on dream recall is discussed.
Serial analysis of blood biomarker concentrations in dogs with pneumonia, septic peritonitis, and pyometra
Authors: Goggs Robert , Robbins Sarah N. , LaLonde‐Paul Denise M. , Menard Julie M.
Published: February 2022

Background

Prolonged antimicrobial drug (AMD) treatment is associated with antimicrobial resistance development. Biomarker measurement may aid treatment decision‐making.

Objectives

Investigate temporal changes in blood biomarker concentrations in dogs undergoing treatment for pulmonary and intra‐abdominal infections; compare time to biomarker concentration normalization with duration of clinician‐directed AMD treatment.

Animals

Forty‐two client‐owned dogs with pneumonia (n = 22), septic peritonitis (n = 10), or pyometra (n = 10).

Methods

Plasma concentrations of C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, procalcitonin, nucleosomes, cell‐free DNA (cfDNA), high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1), CC‐motif chemokine ligand‐2 (CCL2), CXC‐motif chemokine ligand‐8 (CXCL8), and keratinocyte chemoattractant‐like (KC‐Like) were quantitated in samples collected on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 60. Treatment was directed by clinicians blinded to biomarker concentrations.

Results

Concentrations of CCL2, CRP, and KC‐Like were maximal on D1, concentrations of SAA, cfDNA, HMGB1, and nucleosomes were maximal on D3 and haptoglobin concentrations were maximal on D7. These maximal concentrations were significantly different from those on D60. Concentrations of CRP and SAA decreased by 80% from peak and into respective reference intervals before AMDs were discontinued. For CRP, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) times to 20% peak and normal were 7 (6‐9) and 7 (6‐12) days, respectively, and for SAA they were 4 (4, 5) and 6 (5‐8) days, respectively, compared to a median (IQR) duration of AMD prescribing of 16 (12‐23) days (all P < .0001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Biomarker concentrations normalized within 7 to 14 days. Serial measurements of CRP and SAA might aid identification of disease resolution and could help guide AMD prescription decision‐making.
Acute kidney injury in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and outcome
Authors: Rimer Dar , Chen Hilla , Bar‐Nathan Mali , Segev Gilad
Published: February 2022

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, potentially fatal condition.

Objectives

To characterize the etiologies, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, hospitalization period, and outcome of dogs with AKI and to identify markers of negative prognosis.

Animals

Two hundred forty‐nine client‐own dogs diagnosed with AKI and hospitalized at a veterinary teaching hospital.

Methods

Retrospective study. Search of medical records for dogs with AKI.

Results

Common clinical signs included lethargy (225/249, 90%), anorexia (206/249, 83%), and vomiting (168/249, 68%). Etiologies included ischemic/inflammatory (144/249, 58%), infectious (19/249, 8%), nephrotoxicosis (14/249, 6%), or other (13/249, 5%). Hospital‐acquired AKI was diagnosed in 9% (23/249) of the dogs. Median presentation and peak serum creatinine (sCr) concentrations were 4 mg/dL (range, 1.1‐37.9) and 4.6 mg/dL (range, 1.1‐43.1), respectively. Dogs were classified to AKI grades as follows: Grade I, 6 (2%), Grade II, 38 (15%), Grade III, 89 (36%), Grade IV, 77 (31%), and Grade V, 39 (16%). One hundred and sixty‐four (66%) dogs survived. There was a positive association between death and AKI grade (P = .009). The case fatality rate was higher among dogs with anuria compared with dogs without anuria (50% vs 28%, respectively; odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.5 [1.39‐4.6]; P = .002). Forty‐seven (18.8%) dogs underwent hemodialysis, of which 60% survived.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Two‐thirds of dogs with AKI survived. Hospital‐acquired AKI was common. The severity of AKI, as reflected by presence of anuria, AKI grade, and other body organs involvement, was associated with the outcome.
Visualization and identification of single meteoritic organic molecules by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Kaiser Katharina , Schulz Fabian , Maillard Julien F. , Hermann Felix , Pozo Iago , Peña Diego , Cleaves H. James , Burton Aaron S. , Danger Gregoire , Afonso Carlos , Sandford Scott , Gross Leo
Published: February 2022

Using high‐resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) with CO‐functionalized tips, we atomically resolved individual molecules from Murchison meteorite samples. We analyzed powdered Murchison meteorite material directly, as well as processed extracts that we prepared to facilitate characterization by AFM. From the untreated Murchison sample, we resolved very few molecules, as the sample contained mostly small molecules that could not be identified by AFM. By contrast, using a procedure based on several trituration and extraction steps with organic solvents, we isolated a fraction enriched in larger organic compounds. The treatment increased the fraction of molecules that could be resolved by AFM, allowing us to identify organic constituents and molecular moieties, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic chains. The AFM measurements are complemented by high‐resolution mass spectrometry analysis of Murchison fractions. We provide a proof of principle that AFM can be used to image and identify individual organic molecules from meteorites and propose a method for extracting and preparing meteorite samples for their investigation by AFM. We discuss the challenges and prospects of this approach to study extraterrestrial samples based on single‐molecule identification.
Self‐reported quality of life in children with ventricular assist devices
Authors: Peng David M. , Yu Sunkyung , Lowery Ray , Ventresco Courtney , Cousino Melissa K. , St. Louis James D. , Blume Elizabeth D. , Uzark Karen
Published: February 2022

Background

We sought to describe QOL in children with VAD and to identify factors associated with impaired QOL.

Methods

There were 82 children (6–19 years) in the Pediatric Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support who completed the PedsQL +/− a VAD‐specific QOL assessment pre‐VAD implant (n = 18), 3 months post‐VAD (n = 63), and/or 6 months post‐VAD (n = 38). Significantly impaired QOL is a score >1 SD below norms.

Results

Study patients were 59% male, 67% Caucasian, with cardiomyopathy diagnosis in 82%, and median age at implant of 14 y (IQR 11–17). PedsQL scores were lower than norms for physical (p < .0001) and psychosocial (p < .01) QOL in pre‐ and post‐VAD groups. Compared to chronic health condition and complex or severe heart disease groups, PedsQL scores were lower for physical and psychosocial QOL in the pre‐VAD group (p < .0001); however, psychosocial QOL was not significantly different in post‐VAD groups. Psychosocial QOL was impaired in 67%, 40%, and 24% in pre‐VAD, 3‐month, and 6‐month post‐VAD groups, respectively. Total and psychosocial QOL scores were significantly higher in the 3‐month and 6‐month post‐VAD group than pre‐VAD (all p ≤ .02). VAD patients were most bothered by their inability to participate in usual play activities. Impaired QOL 3 months post‐VAD was associated with inotropic support >2 weeks/ongoing post‐VAD (p = .04).

Conclusion

Physical QOL is significantly impaired in most children pre‐ and post‐VAD. However, psychosocial QOL is not significantly impaired in most children post‐VAD suggesting VAD implantation may improve psychosocial QOL in children.
Eliminating epistemic rationality#
Authors: Rinard Susanna
Published: February 2022

In this paper I argue against David Christensen's claim that epistemic rationality is indispensable.  I have long held that reasons for belief, like reasons for action, are pragmatic.  If so, then we can account for the rationality of belief without making use of the notion of epistemic rationality.  There are different ways of doing this.  If you are drawn to the idea that rationality is a matter of responding to the world in a good way, then a good theory for you is one on which the rationality of belief is assessed relative to what one's evidence supports.  If, on the other hand, you are drawn to the idea that rationality is a matter of believing and acting in ways that make sense from within the agent's own perspective, then a good theory for you is one on which the rationality of belief is assessed relative to what the agent in fact believes.  (This view is also a good fit for those who endorse a certain kind of radical skepticism.)  Either way, epistemic rationality can be eliminated from our theorizing.  We can do what needs doing without it.