bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Youth aggression topic in the daily newspaper Lietuvos rytas (2011)
Authors: Gaižutis Algirdas , Subačiūtė Jurgita
Published: August 2015

Analysing youth aggression topic in the press, it is noted that only statistics of youth aggression cases revealed in the public space is represented. There are no records reflecting the real situation. In this instance, the mass media, which is controlling the thoughts of society, has mostly influence to public attitude formation on youth aggression question. It is often based on stereotypes and myths, in that way representing the vision of distorted reality. The aim of this paper is to ascertain how is represented youth aggression topic in the mass media, and what is its formed image of inseparable from aggression informal groups of young people such as ultras (extreme football fans) and skinheads (nationalist attitude).After having analysed the numbers of daily newspaper Lietuvos rytas (January–December of 2011), 99 articles on youth aggression topic were detected. It is noted, that there are no articles about aggression of young people living in the wealthy and rich families. So the mass media is forming a view, that youth aggression mostly occurs in asocial families, whereas in wealthy families this problem simply does not exist. With regard to the portrayal of youth aggression in Lietuvos rytas, as well as paying attention to the fact that trust in the mass media in Lithuania goes up to 70 percent, we can state that readers form themselves a distorted vision of reality.The most common youth aggression cases represented in the mass media are − younger or peer sexual abuse, as well as a large demonstration of transaggression - aggression used to achieve the objective. Most of the images published in the press are attributed to anger aggression and aggressors are depicted as asocial, intoxicating substances tend to use young people. Analysing Lietuvos rytas (2011), as well as reviewing other newspapers (Lietuvos rytas (2007, 2008), Lietuvos Aidas (2008), Merkio kraštas (2011)) in search of information on Lithuania‘s ultras and skinheads formed image, we have to state that public opinion towards ultras and skinheads is formed mostly not by personal experience (communication, confrontation with them), but by mass media which is the main source of information absorbed by members of the society.
Prevalência da Politerapia a Partir da Avaliação de Prescrições Médicas
Authors: Ramos Carolina Chaves , Silva Denise Aparecida
Published: August 2015

Introdução: Os idosos constituem o grupo etário que mais faz uso da politerapia, de acordo com estudos populacionais tanto em pequenos povoados do interior quanto em grandes centros urbanos. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência da politerapia nas prescrições médicas associada à faixa etária. Metodologia: Foram realizadas entrevistas em uma drogaria no município de Santo Antônio de Pádua, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, durante os meses de janeiro a abril de 2009 quando também foram avaliadas as prescrições apresentadas no mesmo período. Resultados: Dentre um total de 300 receitas e questionários, 239 (79,67%) continham mais de um medicamento e 61 (20,33%) apenas um medicamento. Um total de 95 prescrições (39,75%) apresentou a associação de dois medicamentos, 73 (30,54%) a associação de três medicamentos, 36 (15,06%) de quatro medicamentos, 19 (7,95%) de cinco medicamentos e 16 (6,70%) referiam-se a associação de seis ou mais medicamentos. Quanto ao número de pacientes sob tratamento com politerapia em relação à faixa etária constatou-se que 83 (34,7%) encontravam-se com idade inferior a 10 anos e 49 (20,5%) apresentavam-se com mais de 60 anos de idade. Conclusões: A maioria das prescrições médicas apresenta mais de um medicamento; dentre as prescrições com politerapia, a maioria apresenta associações de dois medicamentos; as crianças correspondem ao grupo populacional com maior prevalência de politerapia, as associações medicamentosas mais frequentes para crianças são de antimicrobianos e AINEs, seguida de antimicrobianos e AIE; para os idosos as associações mais frequentes incluem dois ou mais anti-hipertensivos.
Anisotropic Model for Permeability Change in Coalbed-Methane Wells
Authors: Moore Robert , Palmer (ret.) Ian , Higgs Nigel
Published: August 2015

With depletion of coalbed-methane (CBM) wells in the San Juan basin, permeability rises by 10–100 times. Similar permeability increases are found in other CBM basins around the world. Models previously advanced to explain this behavior combine a compaction mechanism (which closes cleats) with matrix shrinkage (which opens cleats). In this paper, the original model—Palmer and Mansoori (1996, 1998)—is extended to include the transversely isotropic elastic response found in vertically cleated coals. This new version of the model has been calibrated by laboratory measurements on San Juan basin coal loaded under uniaxial-strain conditions to simulate reservoir depletion. The main goal/result is a predictive model characterized by two measured Young's moduli and three measured Poisson's ratios.

Although there exist many models that seek to explain the huge permeability increases in CBM wells, the significance of this logical extension to the Palmer-Mansoori model (Palmer and Mansoori 1996, 1998) (i.e., the addition of coal anisotropy) is that it has the ability to predict permeability increases in wells in the field by use of measurable rock moduli and other quantities, thus reducing the need for empirically derived field matching parameters. Note that this new model also confirms an empirical constant that was invoked in a previous version of the Palmer-Mansoori model (Palmer and Mansoori 1996, 1998) to account for cleat anisotropy. To illustrate the model results, permeability increases with depletion from a few wells in one area of the San Juan basin have been matched by the new model. The new model should allow better forecasting of gas rates by reservoir simulators, as well as improved predictions of gas production in fields yet to be developed.
SMART Kick Detection: First Step on the Well-Control Automation Journey
Authors: Brakel J. D. , Tarr B. A. , Cox W.. , Jørgensen F.. , Straume H. V.
Published: August 2015

In 2010, on the basis of the safety-performance results achieved through the automation revolution in its oil and gas downstream business, an operator set out to start the same revolution in its upstream business. Automating the initial well-control response to an influx was identified as the initial focus area with the goal of assisting rig personnel to identify and stop any influx without delay. This led to a well-control automation-collaboration project started between an operator, a rig contractor, and a rig-equipment supplier. The first phase of the project was to develop a system that could detect an influx across a broad spectrum of well-construction-related rig operations. This paper describes the development, deployment, and field testing of the first upgraded kick-detection system from this collaboration.

To understand where to focus the kick-detection system-upgrade efforts, a fault-tree-style sensitivity analysis of kick detection and well shut-in procedures was undertaken. The results pointed to the high value of improved sensor data (both accuracy and reliability) and of improved detection software for alarming (both in terms of coverage and how the driller is alerted to respond to a confirmed kick condition). On the basis of this sensitivity analysis, a kick-detection system-upgrade functional specification was created and used to develop a trial-upgrade plan for a deepwater rig.

Initial implementation operational performance results are presented to demonstrate that most of the kick-detection system-upgrade objectives were achieved.

Operational feedback from using the upgraded kick-detection system is included which highlights the new, “SMART,” features that were designed to provide easily understood alerts to the driller, including unique pop-up kick-alarm windows for drilling or circulating, making a connection, and tripping in or out.
Potato Yield and Water Use Efficiency Responses to Irrigation in Semiarid Conditions
Authors: Camargo D. C. , Montoya F. , Ortega J. F. , Córcoles J. I.
Published: August 2015

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield is sensitive to water stress in the semiarid regions of Spain. This study was conducted to determine the effect of four irrigation treatments on potato tuber yield under one‐quarter (4.9 ha) of the total irrigation area (18.4 ha) of a center pivot system in Albacete, Spain, during 2011 and 2012. Four irrigation treatments were applied, representing 60, 80, 100, and 120% of potato crop water requirement (CWR). In 2011, crop yield differed between the 60% irrigation treatment and the other treatments, whereas in 2012, yield differed between irrigation treatments with high (100 and 120%) and low (60 and 80%) water supply. Water use efficiency (WUE) ranged from 8.6 to 11.6 kg m−3 in 2011 and 7.1 to 8.4 kg m−3 in 2012, with significant differences among treatments in 2011. Differences in harvest index (HI) were observed between the irrigation seasons due to weather conditions of the second year. The 80% treatment was more efficient or equally efficient compared with the unstressed treatments and therefore represents a viable option when there are limited water supplies or high water costs.
A simple clustering technique to extract subsets of data for function approximation
Authors: Karunasingha Dulakshi Santhusitha Kumari , Liong Shie-Yui
Published: August 2015

A simple clustering method is proposed for extracting representative subsets from lengthy data sets. The main purpose of the extracted subset of data is to use it to build prediction models (of the form of approximating functional relationships) instead of using the entire large data set. Such smaller subsets of data are often required in exploratory analysis stages of studies that involve resource consuming investigations. A few recent studies have used a subtractive clustering method (SCM) for such data extraction, in the absence of clustering methods for function approximation. SCM, however, requires several parameters to be specified. This study proposes a clustering method, which requires only a single parameter to be specified, yet it is shown to be as effective as the SCM. A method to find suitable values for the parameter is also proposed. Due to having only a single parameter, using the proposed clustering method is shown to be orders of magnitudes more efficient than using SCM. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on phase space prediction of three univariate time series and prediction of two multivariate data sets. Some drawbacks of SCM when applied for data extraction are identified, and the proposed method is shown to be a solution for them.
Modeling settling tanks for water treatment using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Stamou Anastasios , Gkesouli Anthoula
Published: August 2015

A computational fluid dynamics model is presented for the calculation of the flow, suspended solids, and tracer concentration fields in the settling tanks of the water treatment plant of Aharnes, an important component of the water supply system of the greater area of Athens, Greece. The model is applied to investigate the expected negative effect of the wind on the hydraulic and settling performance of the tanks and to evaluate the improvement resulting from the installation of one and two baffles; the wind is modeled using a simple and very conservative approach that involves the setting of a constant horizontal flow velocity on the free surface. The model is calibrated and verified with field turbidity measurements. Calculations show that the effect of wind on the flow field and the hydraulic efficiency is strong, with the creation of massive re-circulation areas with intense mixing and high short circuiting; however, the effect of wind on the settling performance of the tanks is not pronounced. The removal efficiency of the tanks, which is 72.48% in calm conditions, is reduced to 68.07% for windy conditions; moreover, it increases to 70.00 and 71.04%, when one or two baffles are installed, respectively.
Respective associations between ureteral obstruction and renomegaly, urine specific gravity, and serum creatinine concentration in cats: 29 cases (2006–2013)
Authors: Bua Anne-Sophie , Dunn Marilyn E. , Pey Pascaline
Published: August 2015

Objective—To determine the respective associations between ureteral obstruction and renomegaly, urine specific gravity (USG), and serum creatinine concentration and to assess the reliability of abdominal palpation for detection of renomegaly in cats.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—89 client-owned cats with (n = 29) or without ureteral obstruction and with (30) or without (30) kidney disease.

Procedures—Medical records of cats that underwent abdominal ultrasonography at a veterinary teaching hospital from January 2006 through April 2013 were reviewed. Cats were categorized as having ureteral obstruction (obstructed group) or no ureteral obstruction with (KD group) or without kidney disease (NKD group). Renomegaly and renal asymmetry were defined on the basis of mean renal length for NKD cats. Prevalence of renomegaly and renal asymmetry, mean USG and serum creatinine concentration, and abdominal palpation and ultrasonographic findings were compared among the groups.

Results—Renomegaly was identified in 2 obstructed cats and 1 KD cat and was not associated with ureteral obstruction. Renal asymmetry was detected in 18 obstructed cats and 11 KD cats. For obstructed and KD cats, the mean USG was significantly lower and the mean serum creatinine concentration was significantly greater than those for NKD cats. Twenty-eight of 29 cats with ureteral obstruction had hypercreatininemia. Abdominal palpation was not a reliable method for detection of renomegaly.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated renomegaly was not associated with ureteral obstruction in cats, and abdominal palpation was an unreliable method for detection of renomegaly. The most consistent abnormal finding for cats with ureteral obstruction was hypercreatininemia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;247:518–524)
Salmonella bacteriuria in a cat fed a Salmonella-contaminated diet
Authors: Fauth Erika , Freeman Lisa M. , Cornjeo Lilian , Markovich Jessica E. , Janecko Nicol , Weese J. Scott
Published: August 2015

Case Description—A 9-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of hematuria and weight loss after an 8-year history of intermittent signs of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). A complete diet history revealed that the cat was eating a commercial diet that does not undergo the same processing procedures as most pet foods and so might be at increased risk for bacterial contamination owing to a nonstandard industry cooking procedure.

Clinical Findings—The cat had a history consistent with FLUTD, but bacteriologic culture of the urine revealed Salmonella organisms. Additional analysis revealed Salmonella enterica serotype I:ROUGH-O:g,m,s:- in samples of urine and feces as well as Salmonella enterica serotype Johannesburg and Salmonella enterica serotype Senftenberg in the diet.

Treatment and Outcome—The cat responded positively to antimicrobial treatment for the Salmonella bacteriuria as well as to dietary and environmental management for the clinical signs associated with FLUTD.

Clinical Relevance—Findings in this case highlighted an additional health consequence associated with ingestion of Salmonella-contaminated food. Such contamination is of particular concern with raw meat–based diets or diets that have not undergone standard industry cooking practices. Veterinarians should obtain a diet history for every companion animal during every evaluation to help with diagnosis and optimal treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;247:525–530)
Management of a pet dog after exposure to a human patient with Ebola virus disease
Authors: Spengler Jessica R. , Stonecipher Shelley , McManus Catherine , Hughes-Garza Holly , Dow Max , Zoran Debra L. , Bissett Wesley , Beckham Tammy , Alves Derron A. , Wolcott Mark , Tostenson Samantha , Dorman Bill , Jones Jody , Sidwa Thomas J. , Knust Barbara , Behravesh Casey Barton
Published: August 2015

In October 2014, a health-care worker who had been part of the treatment team for the first laboratory-confirmed case of Ebola virus disease imported to the United States developed symptoms of Ebola virus disease. A presumptive positive reverse transcription PCR assay result for Ebola virus RNA in a blood sample from the worker was confirmed by the CDC, making this the first documented occurrence of domestic transmission of Ebola virus in the United States. The Texas Department of State Health Services commissioner issued a control order requiring disinfection and decontamination of the health-care worker's residence. This process was delayed until the patient's pet dog (which, having been exposed to a human with Ebola virus disease, potentially posed a public health risk) was removed from the residence. This report describes the movement, quarantine, care, testing, and release of the pet dog, highlighting the interdisciplinary, one-health approach and extensive collaboration and communication across local, county, state, and federal agencies involved in the response. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;247:531–538)
Bioabsorbable Steroid-Releasing Sinus Implants in the Frontal and Maxillary Sinuses: 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Matheny Keith E.
Published: August 2015

Background

Mometasone furoate-releasing implants have been approved for use in the ethmoid sinuses following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) to reduce the need for medical and surgical intervention postoperatively. Outcomes have not yet been studied when these implants are utilized in other paranasal sinuses after ESS.

Objective

To present a case in which bioabsorbable steroid-eluting implants were used to maintain patency and to decrease inflammation in the frontal and maxillary sinuses after revision ESS.

Methods

52-year-old male with lifelong allergic rhinitis, chronic allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, and inflammatory bowel disease had previously undergone four endoscopic sinus surgeries, subcutaneous injection immunotherapy, and topical therapy with budesonide and amphotericin sinus irrigations. In July, 2012, during revision left frontal sinusotomy and right maxillary antrostomy (the fifth ESS), two bioabsorbable steroid-releasing implants were placed in the left frontal recess and the right maxillary sinus respectively and followed clinically, endoscopically, and radiographically for two years.

Results

Two year followup demonstrated near complete clinical, endoscopic, and radiographic resolution of the patient's signs and symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Conclusions

The steroid-releasing implants during the critical phase of wound-healing appear to have allowed the patient, now over two years postoperatively, to achieve a healthier state and to allow more successful management than the preceding 15–20 years.
Commentary on Gender Differences in Prevalence, Treatment, and Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ference Elisabeth H. , Tan Bruce K. , Hulse Kathryn E. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Smith Sean B. , Kern Robert C. , Conley David B. , Smith Stephanie Shintani
Published: August 2015

Objective

To examine the existing evidence on gender differences in the prevalence, treatment, and quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Methods

Review of the literature and expert opinion.

Results

From a sociologic standpoint, women have historically been considered more likely to report symptoms, seek medical care, and give poorer self-evaluation of health, which may bias data toward increased prevalence and a greater effect of CRS on quality of life in women. However, the influence of gender seems to be restricted primarily to the evaluation of general quality of life, whereas the disease-specific health-related quality of life is not different between genders. Furthermore, migraine headaches, which are more common among women, may be misdiagnosed as CRS, which contributes to gender differences in the prevalence of CRS. The degree to which reported differences in prevalence and health utilization represent biologic or physiologic differences between genders is not known; however, differences in anatomic size, tobacco susceptibility, and hormonal factors have been speculated to increase the overall susceptibility to CRS in women compared with men.

Conclusions

Focused research that examines the effect of gender on the development, treatment, and outcomes of CRS is warranted.
Assessment of Allergen-Induced Respiratory Hyperresponsiveness before the Prescription of a Specific Immunotherapy
Authors: Olivier Celso Eduardo , Argentão Daiana Guedes Pinto , Lima Regiane Patussi dos Santos , da Silva Mariana Dias , Gonçalves dos Santos Raquel Acácia Pereira , Fabbri Natalia
Published: August 2015

Background

Asymptomatic sensitization is a frequent condition that must be considered before the indication of allergic-specific immunotherapy.

Objective

The aim of this study was to appreciate and correlate the local and spirometric changes elicited by the allergen-specific nasal provocation test (NPT) to define practical and feasible guidelines for the allergist/immunologist to demonstrate specific respiratory hyperresponsiveness before the indication of allergic-specific immunotherapy.

Methods

A total of 172 subjects (children and adults) with a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis were submitted to flow-volume spirometry immediately before and after the NPT performed with Dermatophagoides antigens. The differences between the pre- and postspirometric estimated values of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFdif%), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1dif%), and forced vital capacity (FVCdif%) were correlated with the results of the nasal provocation test symptom score (NPT-SS).

Results

There were 119 subjects (69%) with NPT-SS > 2. Among these patients who were reactive, the mean NPT-SS was 6.3. The Spearman's correlation between PEFdif% and NPT-SS was r = −0.44 (p = 0.01); the Spearman's correlation between FEV1dif% and NPT-SS was r = −0.22 (p = 0.01), and the Spearman's correlation between FVCdif% and NPT-SS was r = −0.21 (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

The combined utilization of the allergen-specific NPT-SS with the spirometry (or PEF meter) is a safe methodology to evaluate allergen-specific nasal and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (which sometimes acts as a bronchial provocation test) in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma due to hypersensitivity who are candidates for allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Nasal Histamine Responses in Nonallergic Rhinitis with Eosinophilic Syndrome
Authors: Zambetti Giampietro , Ciofalo Andrea , Romeo Raffaello , Soldo Pietro , Fusconi Massimo , Greco Antonio , Magliulo Giuseppe , de Vincentiis Marco
Published: August 2015

Background

Nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilic syndrome (NARES) is persistent, without atopy, but with ≥25% nasal eosinophilia. Hypereosinophilia seems to contribute to nasal mucosa dysfunction.

Objectives

This analytical case-control study aimed at assessing the presence and severity of nonspecific nasal hyperactivity and at finding out whether eosinophilia may be correlated with the respiratory and mucociliary clearance functions.

Materials

The symptom score was assessed in 38 patients and 15 controls whose nasal smear was also tested for eosinophils and mucociliary transport (MCT). Nonspecific nasal provocation tests (NSNPT) with histamine were also carried out, and total nasal resistance (TNR) was determined.

Results

The symptom score of NARES after NSNPT were not significantly different from the control group, and there was poor or no correlation among the single symptoms and the differences studied for every nasal reactivity class. This correlation improved when using the composite symptom score. The most severe eosinophilia was observed in high reactivity groups, and it was correlated with an increase in TNR. MCT worsened as eosinophilia and nasal reactivity increased. Unlike controls, a significant correlation was observed between the increase in MCT and TNR.

Conclusions

In NARES, nonspecific nasal hyperreactivity is the result of epithelial damage produced by eosinophilic inflammation, which causes MCT slow down, an increase in TNR, and nasal reactivity classes, with possible impact on classification, prognosis, and treatment control.
Steroid Sparing Effect of Omalizumab in Seropositive Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Beam Keith T. , Coop Christopher A.
Published: August 2015

Background

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a common serious hypersensitivity reaction to airway colonization with Aspergillus in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis. While steroids are effective in controlling the respiratory symptoms of ABPA, they have many side effects that make them undesirable for long term use. Antifungals have been used to reduce dependency on systemic steroids but long term use can be limited by side effects and there is the possibility of developing resistance to azoles. Some clinicians have successfully used anti-immunoglobulin E (anti-IgE) therapy in various populations, though it is frequently added to antifungals.

Objective

Further describe the utility of anti-IgE therapy for ABPA for patients unable to tolerate antifungals.

Methods

We describe the case of a patient with serologic ABPA who did not tolerate therapy with antifungals but was able to significantly reduce her average daily steroid use while receiving anti-IgE therapy with omalizumab added to her other respiratory medications.

Results

After therapy with omalizumab, our patient was able to reduce her need for daily corticosteroids by nearly 80%.

Conclusions

Omalizumab may reduce corticosteroid dependence in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis for patients unable to tolerate antifungals, though use may be limited by cost. Additional studies are needed. ClinicalTrial.gov identifier NCT00787917.
Bilateral Meningoencephaloceles with Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea after Facial Advancement in the Crouzon Syndrome
Authors: Panuganti Bharat A. , Leach Matthew , Antisdel Jastin
Published: August 2015

Background

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and encephaloceles are rare complications of craniofacial advancement procedures performed in patients with craniofacial dysostoses (CD) to address the ramifications of their midface hypoplasia including obstructed nasal airway, exorbitism, and impaired mastication. Surgical repair of this CSF rhinorrhea is complicated by occult elevations in intracranial pressure (ICP), potentially necessitating open, transcranial repair. We report the first case in otolaryngology literature of a patient with Crouzon syndrome with late CSF rhinorrhea and encephalocele formation after previous LeFort III facial advancement surgery.

Objectives

Describe the case of a patient with Crouzon syndrome who presented with CSF rhinorrhea and encephaloceles as complications of Le Fort III facial advancement surgery. Review the literature pertaining to the incidence and management of post-operative CSF rhinorrhea and encephaloceles. Analyze issues related to repair of these complications, including occult elevations in ICP, the utility of perioperative CSF shunts, and the importance of considering alternative repair schemes to the traditional endonasal, endoscopic approach.

Methods

Review of the literature describing CSF rhinorrhea and encephalocele formation following facial advancement in CD, focusing on management strategies.

Results

CSF rhinorrhea and encephalocele formation are rare complications of craniofacial advancement procedures. Occult elevations in ICP complicate the prospect of permanent surgical repair, potentially necessitating transcranial repair and the use of CSF shunts. Though no consensus exists regarding the utility of perioperative CSF drains, strong associations exist between elevated ICP and failed surgical repair. Additionally, the anatomic changes in the frontal and ethmoid sinuses after facial advancement present a challenge to endoscopic repair.

Conclusion

Otolaryngologists should be aware of the possibility of occult elevations in ICP and sinonasal anatomic abnormalities when repairing CSF rhinorrhea in patients with CD. Clinicians should consider CSF shunt placement and carefully weigh the advantages of the transcranial approach versus endonasal, endoscopic techniques.
Facilitating Community-Based Exercise for People With Stroke: Cross-Sectional e-Survey of Physical Therapist Practice and Perceived Needs
Authors: Lau Carrie , Chitussi Danielle , Elliot Sarah , Giannone Jennifer , McMahon Mary-Katherine , Sibley Kathryn M. , Tee Alda , Matthews Julie , Salbach Nancy M.
Published: August 2015

Background

Educating people with stroke about community-based exercise programs (CBEPs) is a recommended practice that physical therapists are well positioned to implement.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the provision of education about CBEPs to people with stroke, barriers to providing education, and preferences for resources to facilitate education among physical therapists in neurological practice.

Design

A cross-sectional e-survey of physical therapists treating adults with stroke in Ontario, Canada, was conducted.

Methods

A link to the questionnaire was emailed to physical therapists in a provincial stroke network, a provincial physical therapy association, and on hospital and previous research lists.

Results

Responses from 186 physical therapists were analyzed. The percentage of respondents who reported providing CBEP education was 84.4%. Only 36.6% reported typically providing education to ≥7 out of 10 patients with stroke. Physical (90.5%) and preventative (84.6%) health benefits of exercise were most frequently discussed. Therapists reported most commonly delivering education at discharge (73.7%). Most frequently cited barriers to educating patients were a perceived lack of suitable programs (53.2%) and a lack of awareness of local CBEPs (23.8%). Lists of CBEPs (94.1%) or brochures (94.1%) were considered to be facilitators. The percentage of physical therapists providing CBEP education varied across acute, rehabilitation, and public outpatient settings.

Limitations

The percentage of physical therapists providing education may have been overestimated if respondents who deliver CBEP education were more likely to participate and if participants answered in a socially desirable way.

Conclusions

Even though a high proportion of physical therapists provide CBEP education, education is not consistently delivered to the majority of patients poststroke. Although a CBEP list or brochure would facilitate education regarding existing CBEPs, efforts to implement CBEPs are needed to help overcome the lack of suitable programs.
Improving national surveillance of Lyme neuroborreliosis in Denmark through electronic reporting of specific antibody index testing from 2010 to 2012
Authors: Dessau R B , Espenhain L , Mølbak K , Krause T G , Voldstedlund M
Published: August 2015

Our aim was to evaluate the results of automated surveillance of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) in Denmark using the national microbiology database (MiBa), and to describe the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed LNB at a national level. MiBa-based surveillance includes electronic transfer of laboratory results, in contrast to the statutory surveillance based on manually processed notifications. Antibody index (AI) testing is the recommend laboratory test to support the diagnosis of LNB in Denmark. In the period from 2010 to 2012, 217 clinical cases of LNB were notified to the statutory surveillance system, while 533 cases were reported AI positive by the MiBa system. Thirty-five unconfirmed cases (29 AI-negative and 6 not tested) were notified, but not captured by MiBa. Using MiBa, the number of reported cases was increased almost 2.5 times. Furthermore, the reporting was timelier (median lag time: 6 vs 58 days). Average annual incidence of AI-confirmed LNB in Denmark was 3.2/100,000 population and incidences stratified by municipality ranged from none to above 10/100,000. This is the first study reporting nationwide incidence of LNB using objective laboratory criteria. Laboratory-based surveillance with electronic data-transfer was more accurate, complete and timely compared to the surveillance based on manually processed notifications. We propose using AI test results for LNB surveillance instead of clinical reporting.
Evaluation of immunochromatography tests for detection of novel GII.17 norovirus in stool samples
Authors: Khamrin P , Thongprachum A , Takanashi S , Okitsu S , Maneekarn N , Hayakawa S , Ushijima H
Published: August 2015

A novel GII.17 norovirus has emerged as a major cause of epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis in several countries in Asia. We used a small panel of stool samples in which GII.17 virus had been quantified by real-time RT-PCR to evaluate four commercially available norovirus immunochromatography (IC) kits. At least 108 copies/mL of GII.17 virus were required by each IC kit for a positive result, which is 1,000-fold more than that reported for these assays for GII.4 viruses.
Estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness in Spain using sentinel surveillance data
Authors: Jiménez-Jorge S , de Mateo S , Delgado-Sanz C , Pozo F , Casas I , García-Cenoz M , Castilla J , Rodriguez C , Vega T , Quiñones C , Martínez E , Vanrell J M , Giménez J , Castrillejo D , Altzíbar J M , Carril F , Ramos J M , Serrano M C , Martínez A , Torner N , Pérez E , Gallardo V , Larrauri A ,   on behalf of the Spanish Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System
Published: August 2015

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Incidence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections and coverage of two laboratory surveillance networks, France, 2012
Authors: La Ruche G , Le Strat Y , Fromage M , Berçot B , Goubard A , de Barbeyrac B , Sednaoui P , Cambau E , Lot F
Published: August 2015

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Malaria knowledge, attitudes and practices among migrants from malaria-endemic countries in Evrotas, Laconia, Greece, 2013
Authors: Evlampidou Iro , Danis Kostas , Lenglet Annick , Tseroni Maria , Theocharopoulos Yorgos , Panagiotopoulos Takis
Published: August 2015

Following re-emergence of malaria in Evrotas, Laconia, in 2009–12, a malaria-control programme was implemented in 2011–12 targeting migrants from malaria-endemic countries, including house-to-house active case detection, health education and distribution of mosquito protection items. In June 2013, we surveyed migrants in Evrotas to assess their malaria knowledge, attitudes and practices to guide prevention activities. We selected participants using simple random sampling and interviewed them, using structured questionnaires. We defined mosquito protection practices (MPPs) as the use of full-length clothes/topical repellent, mosquito screens, fans or air-conditioning, and insecticides. We calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) using Poisson regression and we allowed for clustering of participants in a residence. Of 654 migrants, we invited 132 and 130 participated (all men; 120 (92%) from Pakistan). Of the 130, 56 (43%) identified fever as a malaria symptom; those who were aware of this had higher level of education (PR: 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–9.0). A total of 111 (85%) used insecticide-treated bednets and 95 (73%) used more than two MPPs. Poor housing conditions (warehouses/shacks: PR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6–0.9), were associated with use of up to two MPPs. Despite extensive interventions in Evrotas, the level of malaria awareness among migrants remained suboptimal and poor housing conditions hindered effective mosquito protection. We recommend culturally adapted health education and improvement of housing conditions to minimise the risk of new cases and re-establishment of malaria in Greece.
Kathleen M. Gough, Kinship and Performance in the Black and Green Atlantic: Haptic Allegories
Authors: Trotter Mary
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT:

Kathleen M. Gough’s ambitious and evocative book offers new analytical engagements with the performance of gender, race, and identity among key Irish and African American figures from the 1850s through the present day.
Clavicle pain and reduction of incisional and fascial pain after posterior cervical surgery
Authors: Duetzmann Stephan , Cole Tyler , Senft Christian , Seifert Volker , Ratliff John Kevin , Park Jon
Published: August 2015

OBJECT

Incisional pain after posterior cervical spine surgery can be severe and very unpleasant to the patient. Ongoing incisional pain is one of the key disadvantages of posterior over anterior surgical approaches to the cervical spine. It prolongs hospital stays and delays return to work. In this study, the hypothesized that incisional pain in the immediate postoperative period is caused partially by tension on the skin as well as on the deep cervical fascia and the fascia overlying the trapezius, which are usually sewn together during closure. Reduction of this tension through retraction of the shoulders should therefore reduce pain as well as the amount of pain medication used in the early postoperative period.

METHODS

In this prospective randomized controlled study, 30 patients who had undergone posterior cervical spine surgery were randomized into 2 groups who either wore or did not wear a clavicle brace to retract the shoulders. Patients in the brace group began wearing the brace on postoperative day (POD) 4 and wore it continuously throughout the 30-day study period. Outcome was assessed by two measures: 1) the daily level of self reported pain according to the visual analog scale (VAS) and 2) the number of pain pills taken during the 30-day postoperative period.

RESULTS

Wearing a clavicle brace in the immediate postoperative period significantly reduced incisional pain and the amount of pain medication that patients took. Beginning on POD 4 and continuing until day POD 13, the mean daily VAS score for pain was significantly lower in the brace group than in the control group. Furthermore, patients who wore the clavicle brace took less pain medication from POD 4 to POD 12. At this point the difference lost significance until the end of the study period. Four patients were randomized but did not tolerate wearing the brace.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients who tolerated wearing the clavicle brace after posterior cervical spine surgery had reduced pain and used less pain medication.
Sagittal plane lumbar intervertebral motion during seated flexion-extension radiographs of 658 asymptomatic nondegenerated levels
Authors: Staub Blake N. , Holman Paul J. , Reitman Charles A. , Hipp John
Published: August 2015

OBJECT

Evaluation of lumbar stability is fundamentally dependent on a clear understanding of normal lumbar motion. There are inconsistencies in reported lumbar motion across previously published studies, and it is unclear which provide the most reliable reference data. New technology now allows valid and reliable determination of normal lumbar intervertebral motion (IVM). The object of this study was to provide normative reference data for lumbar IVM and center of rotation (COR) using validated computer-assisted measurement tools.

METHODS

Sitting flexion-extension radiographs were obtained in 162 asymptomatic volunteers and then analyzed using a previously validated and widely used computerized image analysis method. Each lumbar level was subsequently classified as “degenerated” or “nondegenerated” using the Kellgren-Lawrence classification. Of the 803 levels analyzed, 658 were nondegenerated (Kellgren-Lawrence grade < 2). At each level of the lumbar spine, the magnitude of intervertebral rotation and translation, the ratio of translation per degree of rotation (TPDR), and the position of the COR were calculated in the nondegenerative cohort. Translations were calculated in millimeters and percentage endplate width.

RESULTS

All parameters were significantly dependent on the intervertebral level. The upper limit of the 95% CIs for anteroposterior intervertebral translation in this asymptomatic cohort ranged from 2.1 mm (6.2% endplate width) to 4.6 mm (13.3% endplate width). Intervertebral rotation upper limits ranged from 16.3° to 23.5°. The upper limits for TPDR ranged from 0.49% to 0.82% endplate width/degree. The COR coordinates were clustered in level-dependent patterns.

CONCLUSIONS

New normal values for IVM, COR, and the ratio of TPDR in asymptomatic nondegenerative lumbar levels are proposed, providing a reference for future interpretation of sagittal plane motion in the lumbar spine.
Ruptured pediatric cerebellopontine angle epidermoid cyst: a case report detailing radiographic evolution and clinical course
Authors: Guan Zhe , Hollon Todd , Bentley J. Nicole , Garton Hugh J. L.
Published: August 2015

Epidermoid cysts (ECs) are uncommon pediatric tumors that often occur in the cerebellopontine angle. Although cyst rupture is a recognized complication, the radiographic evolution of an EC following rupture and the resultant parenchymal brainstem edema have not been reported. The authors present the case of a 13-year-old female with a newly diagnosed cerebellopontine angle EC who presented with worsening headaches, photophobia, and emesis. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated significant pericystic brainstem edema and mass effect with effacement of the fourth ventricle. Refractory symptoms prompted repeat imaging, revealing cyst enlargement and dense rim enhancement. Resection of the EC resolved both her symptoms and the brainstem edema. This case documents the radiographic evolution of EC rupture and subsequent clinical course.
The effect of velocity and familiarisation on the reproducibility of isokinetic dynamometry
Authors: Nugent Erin P. , Snodgrass Suzanne J. , Callister Robin
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND: The reproducibility of the HUMAC-NORM isokinetic dynamometer has not yet been established for the muscles around the knee. Previous research suggests practice-based improvement (PBI) may impact upon the reproducibility of isokinetic testing.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate test-retest reproducibility of knee flexion and extension isokinetic findings at different velocities, including the influence of familiarisation.

METHODS: Seventy physically active, healthy participants with no experience in isokinetic dynamometry performed five repetitions of continuous concentric knee flexion and extension at 60, 120, 180 and 240°/s on four occasions. Peak moment, angle of peak moment, total work and average power were recorded. Reproducibility was determined using percentage change in the mean, typical error and intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC).

RESULTS: For knee flexion and extension, group data met desirable reproducibility criteria for most outcomes and velocities after Trial 2. Within-subject reproducibility generally met acceptable reliabilty criteria after Trial 2 for knee extension, but was predominantly unacceptable for knee flexion. ICC's were acceptable from Trial 2, except for angle of peak moment which did not achieve an acceptable level of reliabilty across any trials, outcomes or velocities.

CONCLUSIONS: The HUMAC-NORM demonstrates excellent reproducibility for peak moment, average power and total work parameters for the major knee muscles after one trial. One familiarisation session is recommended prior to testing to minimise the impact of PBI. Additional familiarisation is beneficial when testing individuals, higher velocities and knee flexion.
Mining libraries: Lessons learned from 20 years of massive computing on the world’s information
Authors: Leetaru Kalev Hannes
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Over the course of the last two decades I have explored the informational undercurrents of the world’s information and the potential of mass data mining of libraries through a myriad of lenses, both technical and methodological. From founding my first Internet startup twenty years ago as an eighth grade middle school student, to running one of the world’s largest global monitoring platforms today, my work has debuted a myriad of new datasets, methodologies, and scales to the study of how we understand our global world. A central theme of that work has been around how creative “reimagining” of information through the emerging world of massive computing power can offer powerful and unexpected new lenses onto the world around us, and the incredible future that awaits as libraries transition from being museums of artifacts to becoming conveners of information and innovation that empower a new era of access and understanding of our world. This paper offers a unique detailed view of what it looks like deep in the trenches of the data revolution, surveying a selection of my projects over the last two decades and the lessons they offer libraries and publishers moving forward into our data-driven future.
Effect of Moderate Physical Exercise on Autonomic Balance in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Tenzin Karma , Begum Noorzahan , Ferdousi Sultana
Published: August 2015

Background: Altered autonomic balance has been noted in Irritable bowel syndrome Regular physical exercise may cause restoration of autonomic balance in health and disease.Objective: To assess the effect of brisk walking on the autonomic balance by analysis of heart rate variability in patients with Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in 2013.Seventy seven male IBS patients aged 20-50 years, were enrolled from Gastroenterology OPD, BSMMU, Dhaka. Twenty eight healthy sedentary male with similar age were control. HRV measures were recorded once prior to exercise and then after 3 months of brisk walking. For assessing autonomic balance, LF/HF ratio and Max/Min RR was evaluated by Polyrite D machine and software. ANOVA, Independent sample t-test and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis.Results: The pre-exercise mean values of LF/HF ratio were significantly higher (p<0.001) in all IBS patients compared to those of control. The post exercise LF/HF ratio were significantly lower (p<0.05) in all IBS patients compared to their pre-exercise values.Conclusion: This study concluded that the sympathovagal balance was towards sympathetic predominance in IBS and regular moderate physical exercise may shift the balance towards parasympathetic predominance in them.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2015, June; 10(1): 6-10
Relationship of Sympathetic Dysfunction with Disease Duration In Female Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Ferdousi Sultana , Jahan Kowser , Begum Noorzahan
Published: August 2015

Background: Association of increased cardiovascular morbidity and higher sympathetic activity in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been well recognized.Objective: To assess sympathetic nerve function status in Rheumatoid arthritis patients and its relationship to duration of the disease.Methods: This study was carried out in the dept of Physiology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka during 2010.Sixty female RA patients aged 18-50 years with duration of disease from 1 to 10 years was selected from Rheumatology wing of Medicine OPD of BSMMU. Age and BMI matched female apparently healthy subjects were control. Sympathetic nerve function status was assessed by blood pressure response to orthostatic test and sustained hand grip isometric exercise test. In these two tests, fall in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and rise in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) respectively estimates sympathetic reactivity. For statistical analysis, unpaired students t test and pearsons correlation coefficient test was applied.Results: Mean values of fall of SBP was higher and rise of DBP was lower in RA patients compared to control which was statistically (P<0.001) significant. Again rise of DBP was negatively and fall of SBP was positively correlated with duration of the disease and the relationships were statistically highly significant (p<0.01).Conclusion: The results conclude that sympathetic reflex response was reduced in RA which was deteriorated with duration of disease.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2015, June; 10(1): 17-20