bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Enterprise Management in China under the Perspective of Green Development
Authors: He Peng , Zeng LiXia , Dai Jie
Published: October 2020

With the aggravation of climate change, energy enterprises will gradually assume more and more responsibilities for environmental protection and energy conservation. How to incorporate green ideas into their business management has become an important theme. After reviewing the past background and policies, based on the supply chain model established in the past literature, this paper determines the more important indicators that affect the sustainable development of the company, and based on this, puts forward the points that should be paid attention to in the future management of the enterprise. First, energy companies should incorporate green ideas into their corporate training to raise the morale of their employees. Second, through strict control of upstream and downstream suppliers and the establishment of environmental requirements, so as to improve the green degree of the entire supply chain. Third, in the current society with advanced information technology, the operation of information means to achieve the goal of green management should be the focus of future management.
Towards A Test Paths Generation Method for CTCS Level Transition
Authors: Yao LI , Xiaoxia ZHANG , Yadong ZHANG , Jin GUO , Hao GAO
Published: October 2020

Test case is an important basis for correctness and safety verification of Chinese Train Control System (CTCS). Focusing on the test cases generation method of UPPAAL which is widely used in CTCS testing activity, the problems are analyzed, and an improved test cases generation method for CTCS is proposed. First, the process and characteristics of UPPAAL test cases generation method are analyzed; then the test requirements of CTCS are studied, and a test cases generation method based on UPPAAL query file is proposed. Finally, taking the level transition function of CTCS as an example, test cases are generated by the proposed method, which shows that this method can meet the test requirements of CTCS.
Evaluation of Road Traffic Vulnerability in Urban Agglomerations Based on Entropy Weight-TOPSIS Model
Authors: Li Chengbing , Wang Luyao
Published: October 2020

Aiming at the problem of increasing road traffic vulnerability in urban agglomerations year by year, this paper proposes a practice-oriented model and method. Firstly, the index system of urban agglomeration road traffic is established on the basis of analyzing and sorting out relevant planning and design indexes at home and abroad. Secondly, based on principle, an evaluation model of urban agglomeration road traffic vulnerability based on entropy weight- model was constructed. Finally, an empirical study was conducted to calculate the indexes with software, and the corresponding indexes were put into the model for calculation. By comparing the calculated results with the grade classification standard, the vulnerability of the urban agglomeration and the corresponding urban road traffic was judged and the corresponding improvement Suggestions were put forward.
Review on the application of freeway CVIS communication technology
Authors: Fu Shouyan , L Wenhong , Ge Jiali , Qu Yanxi
Published: October 2020

This paper mainly describes the research progress of Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System (CVIS) communication technology in freeway. The application status of short-range real-time communication technology and intermediate-range interactive communication technology in different scenarios of freeway CVIS are discussed respectively. This paper summarizes the existing problems in the research of CVIS communication technology from two aspects of technology application and network security. The research shows that in the future, machine learning, deep learning and other methods can be used to automatically detect network intrusion and deal with unknown attacks; In the future, the CVIS communication technology will adopt channel coding technology and encryption technology to improve the security of wireless network; With the development of 5G technology, the Internet of Vehicles(IOV) will usher in new opportunities. In the future, the freeway communication network will be a heterogeneous wireless network with multiple access networks, which can meet the application requirements in different road traffic scenarios, effectively promote the construction of freeway informatization and accelerate the construction process of smart freeway.
A moving vehicles extraction method in Satellite Videos
Authors: Su Haoxiang , Dong Zhenghong , Yang Fan
Published: October 2020

With the continuous innovation of optical remote sensing technology and the increasing demand for spatial information, satellite videos, which can provide higher spatial and temporal resolution, have been paid a lot of attention. And moving vehicles extraction in satellite videos is one of the most important tasks. By analyzing the shortcomings of current satellite video moving vehicles extraction algorithms, and combining with the characteristics of satellite videos and moving vehicles, this paper proposes an algorithm to extract moving vehicles in satellite videos, that some vehicles are firstly separated from the background by using image extreme points and mean differences, and then the moving vehicles are extracted by joint detection of inter-frame vehicles motion. At the same time, based on the extracted moving vehicles, we also propose a method that can extract road masks by using only three frames. Finally, we use Jilin-1 satellite video data to prove the proposed methods in the experiment. And also this paper has compared the propose methods with another two algorithms, where the results show that the proposed methods greatly improve the accuracy and quality of moving vehicles detection in satellite videos.
The research of traffic flow in LaoTieshan channel based on AIS data
Authors: Tu Qiang , Zheng Zhongyi
Published: October 2020

In order to study the ship traffic flow in LaoTieshan channel, this paper rewrites the rules of NS (Nagel-Schreckenberg) model of Cellular Automata (CA) based on AIS（Automatic Identification System） data. By referring to the idea of synchronous flow in three-phase traffic flow theory and introducing the speed adaptation mechanism into the simulation, the new model reproduces the traffic flow of LaoTieshan channel and gets the relevant fundamental diagrams. Compared with the actual flow-density diagram drawn from AIS data, it is found that the simulated flow generated by the improved model is more in line with the actual condition, and also conforms to the phase transition of traffic flow in LaoTieshan channel. The method and idea of the simulation are helpful to explain and investigate some complex situations in LaoTieshan channel.
Heterogeneous cellular automata subway station personnel evacuation model based on cooperative behavior
Authors: Zhuang Jie , Wang Chao , He Yongjiang , Song Runze
Published: October 2020

In order to study the influence of cooperative behavior in the evacuation process of subway station personnel, and considering the heterogeneity of evacuees, the heterogeneous cellular automata method is adopted to establish a human evacuation model of subway station under cooperative behavior based on the floor field model. In the research process, the evacuated persons are divided into two types, which are seeking cooperation and accepting cooperation. Then, the effects of different cooperative behavior probability ratios of seeking cooperative personnel on evacuation efficiency, evacuation process, and evacuation bottleneck are analyzed through simulation. The result shows that cooperative behavior can effectively improve evacuation efficiency of the subway station, but it is limited by cooperative probability and the proportion of people seeking cooperation; Cooperative behavior plays a role in the whole evacuation process, which is mainly reflected in the later stage of evacuation and will promote the gathering of evacuees. The higher the probability of cooperation, the shorter the evacuation bottleneck formation time, the duration, and overall evacuation time, which will help improve the emergency safety of subway stations.
Effect of face width of spur gear on bending stress using AGMA and ANSYS
Authors: Singh Hardial , Kumar Deepak
Published: October 2020

In the present analysis, the effect of face width on the bending strength of spur gear has been studied. For this purpose face width of spur gear has been varied from 20 mm to 30 mm with a scale of 2 mm. Geometry of spur gear has been drawn using AutoCAD and the gear model has been simulated for bending stress using analysis software (ANSYS).Analytical equations (AGMA bending equations) have been used to find out analytical solution. Bending stress has been calculated at the gear tooth for different values of load. The simulation results have been compared with analytical solutions obtained using AGMA equations. It has been found from the results that increase in face width of spur gear results in decrease in bending stress and hence increase in bending strength.
Efficacy of Balneotherapy and Mud Therapy in Patients with Knee
Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Raza Hafiz Muhammad Asim , Krutulyte Grazina , Rimdeikiene Inesa , Savickas Raimondas
Published: October 2020

Objectives To identify literature reporting on thermal mineral water and
mud therapy effectiveness on pain, stiffness and knee function in patients with
knee osteoarthritis.

Design Systematic evidence scan of MEDLINE and PubMed was performed to
identify the randomized controlled trial studies published from 2004 to December
2018.

Study selection Papers reporting the effect of balneotherapy and mud
therapy for treating knee OA, a duration of ≥2 weeks and in which
Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores
were used as an outcome measure.

Data extraction Not RCT, Studies not in English.

Results A quantitative meta-analysis of ten studies (831 patients) was
performed. Five clinical studies (407 patients) measured effectiveness of
balneotherapy and there was significant difference between the groups in WOMAC
pain score, WOMAC stiffness score and WOMAC function score, with the differences
in favour of balneotherapy. Six clinical studies (500 patients) measured
effectiveness of mud therapy and there was significant difference between the
groups in WOMAC pain score, WOMAC stiffness score and WOMAC function score, with
the differences in favour of mud therapy.

Conclusion This meta-analysis indicates that balneotherapy and mud
therapy were clinically effective in relieving pain, stiffness, and improving
function, as assessed by WOMAC score.
Resilienz von Physiotherapieschülern – Wissenschaft nachgefragt
Authors: Veit Katrin
Published: October 2020

Drei Physiotherapeuten aus Baden-Württemberg, die alle in der Lehre tätig sind, beschäftigten sich mit dem Thema Resilienz von Physiotherapieschülern. Sie untersuchten, welche Anforderungen die Schüler und Studierenden während der Ausbildung erwartet und welche persönlichen Ressourcen dem gegenüberstehen.
Erinnerungen zum Leben erwecken – Autobiografische Erinnerung
Authors: Wopfner Susanne
Published: October 2020

Bei der autobiografischen Erinnerung denken Patienten, die Bewegungsabläufe verbessern möchten, an eine emotionale Situation vor der Erkrankung, bei der sie zum Beispiel ein Gefühl von Leichtigkeit empfunden haben. In Verbindung mit der Neurokognitiven Rehabilitation nach Perfetti fällt es ihnen damit leichter, auch im Alltag Handlungen physiologisch auszuführen.
Results of liver and spleen endoscopic ultrasonographic elastography predict portal hypertension secondary to chronic liver disease
Authors: Robles-Medranda Carlos , Oleas Roberto , Puga-Tejada Miguel , Valero Manuel , Valle Raquel Del , Ospina Jesenia , Pitanga-Lukashok Hannah
Published: October 2020

Background and study aims Assessment of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-elastography of the liver and spleen may identify patients with portal hypertension secondary to chronic liver disease. We aimed to evaluate use of EUS-elastography of the liver and spleen in identification of portal hypertension in patients with chronic liver disease.

Patients and methods This was a single-center, diagnostic cohort study. Consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension underwent EUS-elastography of the liver and spleen. Patients without a history of liver disease were enrolled as controls. The primary outcome was diagnostic yield of liver and spleen stiffness measurement via EUS-elastography in prediction of portal hypertension secondary to chronic liver cirrhosis. Cutoff values were defined through Youden’s index. Overall accuracy was calculated for parameters with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve ≥ 80 %.

Results Among the 61 patients included, 32 had cirrhosis of the liver. Liver and spleen stiffness was measured by the strain ratio and strain histogram, with sensitivity/(1 − specificity) AUROC values ≥ 80 %. For identification of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, the liver strain ratio (SR) had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 84.3 %, 82.8 %, 84.4 %, and 82.8 %, respectively; the liver strain histogram (SH) had values of 87.5 %, 69.0 %, 75.7 %, and 83.3 %, respectively. EUS elastography of the spleen via the SR reached a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 87.5 %, 69.0 %, 75.7 %, and 83.3 %, respectively, whereas the values of SH were 56.3 %, 89.7 %, 85.7 %, and 65.0 %, respectively.

Conclusion Endoscopic ultrasonographic elastography of the liver and spleen is useful for diagnosis of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis.
Vorhofflimmern und Antikoagulation im Alter
Authors: Darius Harald
Published: October 2020

Vorhofflimmern und auch Vorhofflattern sind aufgrund der mechanischen Stase im Vorhof mit einer hohen Thrombembolierate, also Schlaganfällen oder systemischen Thrombembolien, assoziiert. Die orale Antikoagulation reduziert die Rate der thrombembolischen Ereignisse um ca. ⅔, bei Einsatz von NOAC sogar noch etwas mehr. Bei älteren und alten Patienten ist das thrombembolische Risiko deutlich erhöht, insbesondere wenn Risikofaktoren wie arterielle Hypertonie, Herzinsuffizienz oder Niereninsuffizienz vorhanden sind. Ältere und alte Patienten profitieren von einer Antikoagulation aufgrund des höheren absoluten Risikos deutlich mehr als jüngere Patienten, obwohl sie auch ein erhöhtes Blutungsrisiko haben. Das Blutungsrisiko kann durch Behandlung modifizierbarer Risikofaktoren, Überprüfung bzw. Modifikation der Komedikation und patientenorientierte Dosierung der NOAC unter Berücksichtigung der Nierenfunktion deutlich reduziert werden. Dadurch können auch ältere und alte Patienten von einer effektiven Antikoagulation profitieren und Schlaganfälle verhindert werden.
Safety and efficacy of lumen-apposing metal stents versus plastic stents to treat walled-off pancreatic necrosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chandrasekhara Vinay , Barthet Marc , Devière Jacques , Bazerbachi Fateh , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Easler Jeffrey J. , Peetermans Joyce A. , McMullen Edmund , Gjata Ornela , Gourlay Margaret L. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K.
Published: October 2020

Background and study aims Lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) are increasingly used for drainage of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON). Recent studies suggested greater adverse event (AE) rates with LAMS for WON. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of LAMS with double-pigtail plastic stents (DPPS) for endoscopic drainage of WON. The primary aim was to evaluate stent-related AEs.

Methods In October 2019, we searched the Ovid (Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane) and Scopus databases for studies assessing a specific LAMS or DPPS for WON drainage conducted under EUS guidance. Safety outcomes were AE rates of bleeding, stent migration, perforation, and stent occlusion. Efficacy outcomes were WON resolution and number of procedures needed to achieve resolution. A subanalysis including non-EUS-guided cases was performed.

Results Thirty studies including one randomized controlled trial (total 1,524 patients) were analyzed. LAMS were associated with similar bleeding (2.5 % vs. 4.6 %, P = 0.39) and perforation risk (0.5 % vs. 1.1 %, P = 0.35) compared to DPPS. WON resolution (87.4 % vs. 87.5 %, P = 0.99), number of procedures to achieve resolution (2.09 vs. 1.88, P = 0.72), stent migration (5.9 % vs. 6.8 %, P = 0.79), and stent occlusion (3.8 % vs. 5.2 %, P = 0.78) were similar for both groups. Inclusion of non-EUS-guided cases led to significantly higher DPPS bleeding and perforation rates.

Conclusions LAMS and DPPS were associated with similar rates of AEs and WON resolution when limiting analysis to EUS-guided cases. Higher bleeding rates were seen in historical studies of DPPS without EUS guidance. Additional high-quality studies of WON treatment using consistent outcome definitions are needed.
Proposal of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Graded Morbidity after Liver Resection for Colorectal Metastases
Authors: Sneidere Mara , Schrem Harald Heinrich , Mahlmann Jan Christoph , Beetz Oliver , Cammann Sebastian , Oldhafer Felix , Kleine Moritz , Klempnauer Juergen , Kaltenborn Alexander , Zwirner Ulrich , Kulik Ulf
Published: October 2020

Background Prognostic models to predict individual early postoperative morbidity after liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLM) are not available but could enable
optimized preoperative patient selection and postoperative surveillance for patients at greater risk of complications. The aim of this study was to establish a prognostic model for the
prediction of morbidity after liver resection graded according to Dindo.

Methods N = 679 cases of primary liver resection for CLM were retrospectively analyzed using univariable and multivariable ordinal regression analyses. Receiver operating
characteristics curve (ROC) analysis was utilised to assess the sensitivity and specificity of predictions and their potential usefulness as prognostic models. Internal validation of the
score was performed using data derived from 129 patients.

Results The final multivariable regression model revealed lower preoperative levels, a greater number of units of intraoperatively transfused packed red blood cells (pRBCs), longer
duration of surgery, and larger metastases to independently influence postoperatively graded morbidity. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the multivariable regression model is able to
predict each individual grade of postoperative morbidity with high sensitivity and specificity. The areas under the receiver operating curves (AUROC) for all of these predictions of
individual grades of morbidity were > 0.700, indicating potential usefulness as a predictive model. Moreover, a consistent concordance in Grades I, II, IV, and V according to the
classification proposed by Dindo et al. was observed in the internal validation.

Conclusion This study proposes a prognostic model for the prediction of each grade of postoperative morbidity after liver resection for CLM with high sensitivity and specificity
using pre- and intraoperatively available variables.
Novel risk factors for recurrent biliary obstruction and pancreatitis after metallic stent placement in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Takeda Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Takashi , Mie Takafumi , Furukawa Takaaki , Kanata Ryo , Kasuga Akiyoshi , Matsuyama Masato , Ozaka Masato , Sasahira Naoki
Published: October 2020

Background and study aims Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) are now widely used even for patients with borderline resectable (BR) pancreatic cancer (PC), as neoadjuvant therapy has become common. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate safety of SEMS placement in the population including BR PC and to explore risk factors for recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO), pancreatitis, and cholecystitis.

Patients and methods We retrospectively investigated consecutive patients with PC who received initial SEMS between January 2015 and March 2019. We compared time to RBO (TRBO), causes of RBO, and stent-related adverse events (AEs) according to resectability status. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore risk factors for TRBO, pancreatitis, and cholecystitis.

Results A total of 135 patients were included (BR 31 and unresectable [UR] 104). Stent-related AEs occurred in 39 patients: pancreatitis 14 (mild/moderate/severe 1/6/7), cholecystitis 12, and non-occluding cholangitis 13. TRBO, causes of RBO, and stent-related AEs were not significantly different according to resectability status. Overall rate of RBO was higher in UR PC due to the longer follow-up period. Sharp common bile duct (CBD) angulation was an independent risk factor for short duration of TRBO. High pancreatic volume index and SEMS of high axial force were independent risk factors for pancreatitis, whereas tumor involvement to orifice of cystic duct was the only risk factor for cholecystitis.

Conclusions We demonstrated that SEMS can be safely deployed even in patients with BR PC. Sharp CBD angulation and high pancreatic volume index were identified as novel risk factors for RBO and pancreatitis, respectively, after SEMS placement.
Duodenal mucosal resurfacing: Multicenter experience implementing a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: van Baar Annieke C.G. , Haidry Rehan , Rodriguez Grunert Leonardo , Galvao Manoel P. Neto , Bisschops Raf , Hayee Bu Hussain , Costamagna Guido , Deviere Jacques , Bergman Jacques J.G.H.M.
Published: October 2020

Background and study aims Duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) is an endoscopic procedure which improves insulin resistant metabolic disease, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this report was to evaluate the feasibility and procedural aspects of DMR and to provide more specific DMR procedural guidance for endoscopists.

Patients and methods In this international multicenter, prospective, open-label study, patients on oral anti-diabetic agents for treating T2DM underwent single DMR. DMR entails circumferential submucosal lifting followed by circumferential mucosal hydrothermal ablation using an over-the-guidewire balloon catheter for lifting and ablation. For the first 28 patients a dual catheter system was used. During the study, a new integrated catheter was developed which was used for the latter 18 patients. During DMR, procedure success (complete DMR: duodenal ablation length ≥ 9 cm) and procedure duration were captured.

Results Forty-six patients underwent DMR. Using the dual catheter system, a complete DMR was performed in 22 of 28 patients (79 %). In the next eighteen patients who underwent DMR with the integrated catheter, a complete DMR was performed in 15 of 18 patients (83 %). The integrated catheter facilitated the DMR procedure and resulted in a reduction in procedure time. A detailed table and video are provided for future endoscopists.

Conclusions In our multicenter study, DMR was found to be feasible in the hands of experienced endoscopists. The integrated DMR catheter was a welcome modification during the study, allowing for easier ablation administration. Further optimization of the technique would be valuable prior to widespread dissemination.
Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is more cost-effective than laparoscopic Heller myotomy in the short term for achalasia: economic evaluation from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Conte Tatiana Morgado , Haddad Luciana Bertocco de Paiva , Ribeiro Igor Braga , de Moura Eduardo Turiani Hourneaux , DʼAlbuquerque Luiz Augusto Carneiro , de Moura Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux
Published: October 2020

Background and study aims We aimed to perform an economic evaluation of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) for the treatment of achalasia.

Materials and methods An economic cost-utility analysis was carried out over a time horizon of 1 year. Patients with achalasia who were admitted to the gastroenterology outpatient clinic of a public tertiary referral hospital were assigned to undergo POEM or LHM. The monetary amounts ​​were extracted from the intranet of the institution using microcosting. All costs associated with the procedure, hospitalization, clinical follow-up and resolution of therapeutic complications were included. The utility data were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which were estimated from the scores of a quality-of-life questionnaire.

Results Forty patients (20 POEM patients and 20 LHM patients) were included. The final cost associated with POEM and LHM was US$ 2,619.19 ± 399.53 and US$ 1,696.44 ± 412.21, respectively (P < 0.001). However, the QALYs in the POEM group (0.434 ± 0.215 vs 0.332 ± 0.222, P = 0.397) were slightly higher than those in the LHM group. The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) suggested that an additional US$ 9,046.41/QALY gained was required when using POEM.

Conclusion For the treatment of achalasia in the public health system, POEM appears to be more cost-effective than LHM in the short term.
Beschleunigter Patienteneinschluss bei Bildgebungsstudien
Authors: Zippel Claus , Sauer Sebastian , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine , Giesel Frederik L. , Kopka Klaus
Published: October 2020

Hintergrund In den letzten Jahren werden zunehmend klinische Bildgebungsstudien initiiert. Die zeitnahe Umsetzung der damit verbundenen administrativen Vorgänge wirkt sich positiv auf den Rekrutierungsstart und die Studienkosten aus. Ziel war es, wesentliche Aspekte zum administrativen Management von Bildgebungsstudien zu identifizieren und nutzbar zu machen.

Methodik Hierfür wurde beispielhaft das Setup der prospektiv-nuklearmedizinischen Prüfung „[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 bei Hochrisiko-Prostatakrebs“ fokussiert. Durch qualitativ-explorative Interviews mit Verwaltungsexperten und der Studienleitung konnten administrative Aspekte und Kriterien, die für den Studienstart wesentlich waren, retrospektiv erhoben und mittels gängiger Prozessmanagementmethoden aufbereitet werden.

Ergebnisse Für die Teilprozesse (i) Beschaffung von Studienmaterialien/-dienstleistungen, (ii) Probanden-/Strahlenhaftpflichtversicherung und (iii) Studienverträge werden Checkboxen vorgelegt. Diese können Experten in der Klinikadministration sowie Studienleiter und PIs zur operationalen Vorbereitung/Initiierung künftig weiterer (Bildgebungs-)Studien nutzen.

Schlussfolgerung Durch EDV-gestützte Verwaltungsworkflows und in der Studienkoordination versierte Mitarbeiter können der Rekrutierungsstart und nachfolgende Patienteneinschlüsse bei klinischen Studien beschleunigt und damit Kosten gesenkt werden. Für Bildgebungsstudien ist dies besonders wichtig, da diese wegen der Anwendung radioaktiver Stoffe bzw. Strahlung am Menschen besonders komplex und daher bei Verwaltungsvorgängen teils viele weitere Fachabteilungen in der Organisation wie Strahlenschutz, Medizinphysik/-technik oder Qualitätsmanagement zu involvieren sind.
Structural Insights into the TES/TFA Reduction of Differently Substituted Benzofurans: Dihydrobenzofurans or Bibenzyls?
Authors: Chiummiento Lucia , D’Orsi Rosarita , Caivano Ilaria , Funicello Maria , Lupattelli Paolo
Published: October 2020

Various polysubstituted benzofurans were reduced by using triethylsilane in trifluoracetic acid. 2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans or bibenzyl compounds were obtained in high yields, depending on the nature of the substituents at C2 and on the benzene ring of the core structure. A p-anisole substituent at C2 of benzofurans always led to the corresponding bibenzyls.
Quantum Pontryagin principle under continuous measurements
Authors: Mulero-Martínez J. I. , Molina-Vilaplana J.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we develop the theory of the quantum Pontryagin principle for continuous measurements and feedback. The analysis is carried out under the assumption of compatible events in the output channel. The plant is a quantum system, which generally is in a mixed state, coupled to a continuous measurement channel. The Pontryagin maximum principle is derived in both the Schrödinger picture and Heisenberg picture, in particular, in statistical moment coordinates. To avoid solving stochastic equations, we derive a linear-quadratic-Gaussian scheme, which is more suitable for control purposes. Finally, we use the quantum harmonic oscillator as a concrete example to illustrate the performance of the controller.
Formations of a giant “running” pulse in the process of a quasi-regular amplification of a long wave signal by a slipping electron bunch
Authors: Savilov A. V.
Published: October 2020

It is shown that the process of a quasi-regular amplification of a long input wave pulse by a short “slipping” electron bunch can be transformed into a different short-pulse process. Namely, a short wave pulse is formed on one of the fronts of the electron bunch and amplifies as it “runs” along the bunch. The peak power of the wave pulse formed in this way can be several orders of magnitude higher than the generation power at the saturation stage of the quasi-regular amplification stage. Estimates show that based on the existing electronic technique, it is possible to implement ultra-short sub-terahertz pulse sources based on this principle with a gigawatt level of the peak power.
Design and experimental research on ultrasonic levitated spherical rotor gyroscope
Authors: Wang Junshan , Jian Lei , Chen Chao , Qiang Lusheng
Published: October 2020

This study proposes a spherical rotor gyroscope based on the near-field acoustic levitation (NFAL) principle, which utilizes high-frequency vibration to levitate objects at a short distance near the driving surface. The ultrasonic suspended gyroscope consists of a piezoelectrically excited stator and a spherical rotor. The stator was excited to generate ultrasonic vibration under the action of the inverse piezoelectric effect, provide non-contact support for the spherical rotor, and drive it to rotate with the traveling wave vibration. When the spherical rotor obtained sufficient angular momentum, the driving voltages were changed to induce the standing wave vibration and thus provide a stable levitation force field for the rotor. At this stage, the rotor was only subjected to the effects of gravity and levitation force and the spherical rotor rotated at a high speed to obtain gyroscopic inertia. Herein, the finite element model of the stator was established for dynamic analysis, and an acoustic–structure coupling model was established to analyze the non-contact supporting force of the gyroscope. The prototype was manufactured, and the stator was tested for vibration, and test platforms for levitation height, rotation speed, and gyroscopic inertia of the non-contact ultrasonic levitated spherical rotor gyroscope were built. The stator vibration performance was consistent with the simulation analysis result. The levitation height could be as high as tens of microns at the operating frequency. The rotation speed could reach 5600 r/min, and the gyroscopic inertia was verified. Therefore, the feasibility of NFAL for a levitated gyroscope was verified.
Quadratically convergent self-consistent field of projected Hartree–Fock
Authors: Uejima Motoyuki , Ten-no Seiichiro L.
Published: October 2020

We report on a quadratically convergent self-consistent field (QC-SCF) algorithm for the spin-projected unrestricted Hartree–Fock (SUHF) to mitigate the slow convergence of SUHF due to the presence of small eigenvalues in the orbital Hessian matrix. The new QC-SCF is robust and stable, allowing us to obtain the SUHF solutions very quickly. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, we present results for test systems with abundant non-dynamic correlation in comparison with the Roothaan repeated diagonalization, Pople extrapolation, and direct inversion of iterative subspace.
Study of self-interaction errors in density functional predictions of dipole polarizabilities and ionization energies of water clusters using Perdew–Zunger and locally scaled self-interaction corrected methods
Authors: Akter Sharmin , Yamamoto Yoh , Diaz Carlos M. , Jackson Koblar A. , Zope Rajendra R. , Baruah Tunna
Published: October 2020

We studied the effect of self-interaction error (SIE) on the static dipole polarizabilities of water clusters modeled with three increasingly sophisticated, non-empirical density functional approximations (DFAs), viz., the local spin density approximation (LDA), the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) generalized-gradient approximation (GGA), and the strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) meta-GGA, using the Perdew–Zunger self-interaction-correction (PZ-SIC) energy functional in the Fermi–Löwdin orbital SIC framework. Our results show that while all three DFAs overestimate the cluster polarizabilities, the description systematically improves from LDA to PBE to SCAN. The self-correlation free SCAN predicts polarizabilities quite accurately with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.53 bohr3 with respect to coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) values. Removing SIE using PZ-SIC correctly reduces the DFA polarizabilities, but overcorrects, resulting in underestimated polarizabilities in SIC-LDA, SIC-PBE, and SIC-SCAN. Finally, we applied a recently proposed locally scaled SIC (LSIC) method using a quasi self-consistent scheme and using the kinetic energy density ratio as an iso-orbital indicator. The results show that the LSIC polarizabilities are in excellent agreement with mean absolute errors of 0.08 bohr3 for LSIC-LDA and 0.06 bohr3 for LSIC-PBE with most recent CCSD polarizabilities. Likewise, the ionization energy estimates as absolute of highest occupied energy eigenvalue predicted by LSIC are also in excellent agreement with CCSD(T) ionization energies with MAEs of 0.4 eV for LSIC-LDA and 0.06 eV for LSIC-PBE. The LSIC-LDA predictions of ionization energies are comparable to the reported GW ionization energies, while the LSIC-PBE ionization energies are more accurate than the reported GW results.
Conformation of ultra-long-chain fatty acid in lipid bilayer: Molecular dynamics study
Authors: Kawaguchi Kazutomo , Nakagawa Koh M. , Nakagawa Satoshi , Shindou Hideo , Nagao Hidemi , Noguchi Hiroshi
Published: October 2020

Ultra-long-chain fatty acids (ULCFAs) are biosynthesized in the restricted tissues such as retina, testis, and skin. The conformation of a single ULCFA, in which the sn-1 unsaturated chain has 32 carbons, in three types of phospholipid bilayers is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the ultra-long tail of the ULCFA flips between two leaflets and fluctuates among an elongation into the opposite leaflet, lies between two leaflets, and turns back. As the number ratio of lipids in the opposite leaflet increases, the ratio of the elongated shape linearly decreases in all three cases. Thus, ULCFAs can sense the density differences between the two leaflets and respond to these changes.
Solar driven CO2 hydrogenation on transition metal doped Zn12O12 cluster
Authors: Liu Nanshu , Zhou Si , Zhao Jijun
Published: October 2020

Photocatalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce value-added chemicals and fuel products is a critical routine to solve environmental issues. However, developing photocatalysts composed of earth-abundant, economic, and environmental-friendly elements is desired and challenging. Metal oxide clusters of subnanometer size have prominent advantages for photocatalysis due to their natural resistance to oxidation as well as tunable electronic and optical properties. Here, we exploit 3d transition metal substitutionally doped Zn12O12 clusters for CO2 hydrogenation under ultraviolet light. By comprehensive ab initio calculations, the effect of the dopant element on the catalytic behavior of Zn12O12 clusters is clearly revealed. The high activity for CO2 hydrogenation originates from the distinct electronic states and charge transfer from transition metal dopants. The key parameters governing the activity and selectivity, including the d orbital center of TM dopants and the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital for the doped Zn12O12 clusters, are thoroughly analyzed to establish an explicit electronic structure–activity relationship. These results provide valuable guidelines not only for tailoring the catalytic performance of subnanometer metal oxide clusters at atomic precision but also for rationally designing non-precious metal photocatalysts for CO2 hydrogenation.
Change is not the only constant
Authors: Wright Patricia
Published: October 2020

Developments in information technology during the past 40 years have presented new opportunities for information designers and also posed new challenges. Computer controlled displays are now so ubiquitous that most people in everyday life need to interact with information shown on screens. Many of the characteristics of these readers have not changed: they forget things, get distracted, make assumptions, etc. Research has confirmed that designing an interaction style to reduce the demands made on people’s sensory and cognitive processes helps them accomplish tasks more easily. There has undoubtedly been progress, particularly with mobile devices. Graphical user interfaces and touch screens can make interactions feel intuitive, almost conversational, but interface glitches remain. These arise both from the tension inherent in designing for experienced and novice users, and from design decisions often involving people with differing priorities. The features of interfaces will continue to change but the challenge of finding ways to support people’s sensory, cognitive and conative characteristics will continue.
Designing animated information graphics
Authors: Lowe Richard
Published: October 2020

Animated graphics are a potentially powerful way to communicate information about subject matter involving change over time. However, their design currently relies largely on intuition and approaches applicable to static graphics. This article introduces a principled and empirically validated alternative that offers significantly better communicative effectiveness than conventional animation designs.
Information about medicines in Europe
Authors: van der Waarde Karel
Published: October 2020

The development of information about medicines for patients in the last thirty years provides a fascinating
information design case study. Throughout this period three main principles have remained stable: an absolute focus on patients,
performance based design, and a thorough design process. These principles are likely to remain valid for future developments.
The legitimization of the use of sweat shops by H&M in the Swedish press
Authors: Cotal San Martin Vladimir , Machin David
Published: October 2020

In the Swedish news-media we find sporadic critical, or reflective, reporting on the production conditions of Swedish
‘sweat-shop’ factories in the Global South, used to supply Transnational Corporations (TNCs). In this paper we carry out a critical
discourse analysis, in particular using Van Leeuwen’s social actor and social action analysis, to look at examples from a larger corpus of
88 news reports and editorials from the Swedish press, between 2012–2017, which report and comment on activities of the Swedish company
H&M in relation to its production chains. Analysis reveals how these recontextualize events, processes and motives, to represent Sweden
and Swedish TNCs as characterized by a benevolent, democratic, humane, form of capitalism, drawing on discourses of a former social
democratic Sweden of the 1960s before it became highly neo-liberalized. This nationalism converges with other discourses promoting the
exploitation of the Global South.
Positively bitter and negatively sweet?
Authors: Yoon Suwon
Published: October 2020

The goal of this study is to propose a pragmatic analysis of what we callEmotive Taste Terms(ETTs) in Korean, compared to English. What makes Korean taste adjectives special is its multidimensional meaning: In descriptive dimension, (i) the literal meaning concerns the taste; or (ii) it can be extended toward the situation, yielding a figurative meaning. In expressive dimension, (iii) the choice of particular derivation form reflects the speaker’s positive or negative emotional attitude; and (iv) another potential expressive meaning concerns honorification, thought it is not part of the meaning of ETTs. We thus propose that ETTs are a novel subcase ofexpressiveelements, triggeringConventional Implicature. We show how the analysis of ETTs as a CI allows us to successfully derive subtle connotational differences amongst numerous variants. Finally, we show how the co-occurrence pattern of multiple expressives, ETTs and other expressives, within the sentence can be captured byCompatibility Condition Model.
Taboo vocatives in the language of London teenagers
Authors: Palacios Martínez Ignacio M.
Published: October 2020

This study focusses on the use and functions of so-called taboo vocatives (e.g.dickhead, you bastard, bitch) in the language of London teenagers, based on the analysis of over 500 examples extracted from COLT (The Bergen Corpus of London Teenage Language) and LEC (London English Corpus). Findings illustrate a wide variety of items in this category, and show that these cannot be regarded as mere insults, since they often serve to reinforce the bonds between young speakers as well, and indeed can even carry affectionate connotations. The majority of these items are nouns and denote some kind of sexual reference, an abnormal or strange human condition, or a pejorative, animal-related allusion. There does not seem to have been any major changes in the use of these forms from the 1990s to the first decades of the current century, although many of them have broadened their meaning and can now be used with either male or female speakers.
Everything is inside the home: the boundaries of home confinement during the Italian lockdown
Authors: Risi Elisabetta , Pronzato Riccardo , Di Fraia Guido
Published: October 2020

This article investigates the ways in which social distancing and home confinement restrictions have been experienced and perceived in the Italian socio-cultural context, in order to assess how they reshaped everyday life, and which are their social implications. Drawing on 60 in-depth semi-structured interviews, this article sheds light on the sense-making processes and the construction of inter-subjective meaning around home confinement and social distancing that emerged during the lockdown. Results support that during the national quarantine individuals had to reframe everyday practices, thereby redefining the boundaries of their experience. Indeed, individuals had to deal with a lack of personal spaces, a following stress overload and a collapse of the typical boundaries between the professional and private sphere, which required a complex management of everyday activities. Implications of these preliminary findings are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research.
A class of conserved currents for linearized gravity in the Kerr spacetime
Authors: Grant Alexander M , Flanagan Éanna É
Published: October 2020

We construct a class of conserved currents for linearized gravity on a Kerr background. Our procedure, motivated by the current for scalar fields discovered by Carter (1977), is given by taking the symplectic product of solutions to the linearized Einstein equations that are defined by symmetry operators. We consider symmetry operators that are associated with separation of variables in the Teukolsky equation, as well as those arising due the self-adjoint nature of the Einstein equations. In the geometric optics limit, the charges associated with these currents reduce to sums over gravitons of positive powers of their Carter constants, much like the conserved current for scalar fields. We furthermore compute the fluxes of these conserved currents through null infinity and the horizon and identify which are finite.
Spin waves in skyrmionic structures with various topological charges
Authors: Rózsa Levente , Weißenhofer Markus , Nowak Ulrich
Published: October 2020

Equilibrium properties and localized magnon excitations are investigated in topologically distinct skyrmionic textures. The observed shape of the structures and their orientation on the lattice is explained based on their vorticities and the symmetry of the crystal. The transformation between different textures and their annihilation as a function of magnetic field is understood based on the energy differences between them. The angular momentum spin-wave eigenmodes characteristic of cylindrically symmetric structures are combined in the distorted spin configurations, leading to avoided crossings in the magnon spectrum. The susceptibility of the skyrmionic textures to homogeneous external fields is calculated, revealing that a high number of modes become detectable due to the hybridization between the angular momentum eigenmodes. These findings should contribute to the observation of spin waves in distorted skyrmionic structures via experiments and numerical simulations, widening the range of their possible applications in magnonic devices.
Improved band gaps and structural properties from Wannier–Fermi–Löwdin self-interaction corrections for periodic systems
Authors: Shinde Ravindra , Yamijala Sharma S R K C , Wong Bryan M
Published: October 2020

The accurate prediction of band gaps and structural properties in periodic systems continues to be one of the central goals of electronic structure theory. However, band gaps obtained from popular exchange–correlation (XC) functionals (such as LDA and PBE) are severely underestimated partly due to the spurious self-interaction error (SIE) inherent to these functionals. In this work, we present a new formulation and implementation of Wannier function-derived Fermi–Löwdin (WFL) orbitals for correcting the SIE in periodic systems. Since our approach utilizes a variational minimization of the self-interaction energy with respect to the Wannier charge centers (WCC), it is computationally more efficient than the HSE hybrid functional and other self-interaction corrections that require a large number of transformation matrix elements. Calculations on several (17 in total) prototypical molecular solids, semiconductors, and wide-bandgap materials show that our WFL self-interaction correction approach gives better band gaps and bulk moduli compared to semilocal functionals, largely due to the partial removal of self-interaction errors.
Surface crack characterization using laser nonlinear ultrasonics based on the bispectrum
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Zhaoba , Zheng Bin
Published: October 2020

Laser nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy (LNWMS) has been used to detect nonlinear ultrasonic signatures caused by fatigue cracks in materials. The nonlinear feature extraction from the spectral plot plays a significant role in LNWMS. This paper uses the bispectrum to distinguish harmonically related signals which result from nonlinear interactions and to remove those which do not. A feature called bispectrum damage factor (BDF), which is defined as the ratio of the bispectrum peak difference value of the damage and intact signals to the bispectrum peak value of intact signals at frequencies F
1, F
2, is extracted from the bispectral plot to characterize the crack features. The basic premise of the proposed laser nonlinear wave modulation bispectrum (LNWMBS) is that this BDF value will vary regularly as the level of crack-induced nonlinearity increases. A finite element model and a noncontact laser ultrasonic system have been built for LNWMBS measurement. The simulation results show that the BDF value is sensitive to crack depth and angle, and is insensitive to crack length and detecting position. BDF values of reflected Rayleigh waves are positive and approximately linearly increase with an increase of the crack depths in the range of 0.1 λ ∼ 0.6 λ (λ is the corresponding wavelength of adopted frequency); meanwhile, the values of the transmitted waves are negative and decreasing. The BDF values are larger than the crack angle at 90° when they are less than 90°, which is beneficial for crack detection. The proposed LNWMBS technique has been successfully tested for detecting artificial sub-millimeter surface-breaking cracks in aluminum alloy plates and closed fatigue cracks of torque load simulator connection blocks.