bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
توظيف الشكل الطفولي في رسوم سلمى العلاق
Authors: محمود أوان يوسف
Published: June 2024

شكل العقدان الاوليان من الالفية الثالثة فترة مهمة واكبت فيها حياة اجتماعية جديدة وتكنولوجيا معاصرة وسياقات فكرية مغايرة في حركة التشكيل العراقي وعلى نحو الخصوص التشكيل العراقي النسوي، فضلاً عن المواضيع المختلفة لدى الفنانين المستمدة من واقع الظروف المحيطة بكل شرائح المجتمع ولا سيما فئة الاطفال، وكضواغط ألهمت بالضرورة هؤلاء الفنانات لتنعكس بالتالي على اشتغالاتهم الفنية لتحقيق موضوعات عبر استدعاء تكوين أشكال متوافقة مع مضامينها، الهدف منها توظيف الشكل الطفولي لعرض غاية وتوجيه لأهمية هذه الفئة، ان الطفولة بكل تفاصيلها قد اثارت اهتمام الفنانات العراقيات في داخل القطر وكذلك الذين يقيمون خارجه، الامر الذي يستدعي دراسة البحث الحالي توظيف الاشكال الطفولية في تجارب الرسامات العراقيات المعاصرات، وحينما نخصّص هنا ارتباط موضوعات (الطفولة) وأشكالها ومفاهيمها ودلالاتها العفوية والتلقائية والوجدانية في رسوم سلمى العلاق على وجه التحديد، نكون أمام ظاهرة فنية مغايرة تماماً لتداوليتها الذكورية (لدى الرسامين العراقيين المعاصرين)، ذلك أن مجمل التجارب النسوية العراقية كانت تحث الخطى باتجاه إعادة صياغة الأشكال الطفولية من منظور مختلف تتحقق اختلافاته وفقاً لاختلاف الرؤى والأساليب والمرجعيات والأفكار والتفاعل التي تتبناها تجارب الرسم النسوي المعاصر. وقد نشأت مشكلة البحث الحالي من خلال التساؤل الاتي: كيفي وظف الشكل الطفولي في رسوم سلمى العلاق.
المهاجرين الالمان الى الولايات المتحدة الامريكية - جون سوتر ودوره في اكتشاف ذهب كاليفورنيا 1839-1888.
Authors: يوسف ضحى ثامر , محمود ادريس حردان
Published: June 2024

للهجرة والمهاجرين من اوربا دورا كبيرا في تكوين البناء الاجتماعي والاقتصادي للمستعمرات الاوربية في العالم الجديد ، لذلك كانت الهجرة الالمانية واحدة من تلك التي اسهمت في تكوين المجتمع الامريكي في مدة تدفق تلك الهجرات  اذ شكلت عناصرها من عائلات دينية واخرى عسكرية فيما كانت العائلات الباحثة عن الثراء وروح المغامرة قد نالت من حضها الجميل .     ان للتاريخ الاقتصادي اهمية كبيرة في فهم الاحداق التي شكلت حدود بلادا ما تلك الحالة من التوسع التي شهدتها الولايات المتحدة الامريكية مستخدمة اسلوب الضم اما عن طريق الشراء او الاحتلال كانت سائدة في اعقاب تأسيس الولايات المتحدة الامريكية لذا نجد ان التاريخ الامريكي حافل بقضايا كان محورها الحصول على اراضي جديد يتم ضمها الى الاتحاد الفدرالي .      تأتي اهمية هذه الدراسة لتبحث في صفحة من تاريخ الولايات المتحدة الامريكية الاقتصادي منه والذي لم تكن قبل عام 1848 تحت السيادة الامريكية لكن التدخل العسكري والسياسي الامريكي مكنها من التفاوض وشرائها مع مساحات شاسعة اخرى بمبلغ مالي لتبدا في بداية ذلك العام صفحة جديدة من تاريخ كاليفورنيا يكتب بماء الذهب وتتصدر اخبارها في صحف العالم .     اذ تضمن مقدمة ، بينما كان المبحث الاول الذي تتبعنا مراحل الهجرات الالمانية الى العالم الجديد ، ثم اسهمها في الشأن الاجتماعي والعسكري  قبل استقلال الولايات المتحدة الامريكية .اما المبحث الثاني: فقد ركز بشكل مفصل على جهود جون سوتر في الهجرة الى الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية و نشاطه الاقتصادي في كاليفورنيا .في حين كان المبحث الثالث : بعنوان موقف الادارة الامريكية من نشاط جون سوتر الاقتصادي 1848-1888، وخصص لاكتشاف الذهب في كاليفورنيا عام  1848و موقف الإدارة الأمريكية من تأميم النشاط الاقتصادي لجون سوتر والاستحواذ عليه حتى وفاته 1888. فيما انتهى البحث بخاتمة تضمنت اهم التوصيات والنتائج .
A Socially Realistic Study of Crime and Corruption in P.D. James’ Works
Authors: Wagaa Ali AL-Juboori Dr.Intisar Mohammed
Published: June 2024

P.D. James is a well - known author of both crime and mysteries who is recognized with enlarging the mystery subgenre. Even though she uses aspects of traditional detective fiction, James is particularly concerned in establishing the psychological motivations of her characters. James is renowned for her sophisticated written style, which is accentuated by literary allusions and quotations, as well as for the vivid, realistic characters and locations she creates. Writing detective fiction is one of James's passions and she strives to use the techniques that make "serious fiction" gratifying while still adhering to the genre's rules. She was interested in realism as early as her writings show. Her literary style is distinct from the classic "country house mystery" of conventional British detective fiction, in which static characters exist solely to further the plot of the mystery. Despite being constructed in the traditional "whodunnit" way, these novels rely on developed, convincing characterizations.
The Impact of Educational Games at Professional English Lessons in Iraqi Schools
Authors: Abdalbaqi Dalal Fanar
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study we present the most helpful material in the field of teaching foreign languages is to analyze the results of using professional English courses with educational games in Iraqi schools, indicates, it’s a tools used in the teaching second language. In this work, we aim to explore the effects of education games  on improving and developing learners’ . The participants are fifth grade from two different elementary schools. This is a deliberate selection on the part of the researcher. One hundred and thirty-eight students were selected randomly from the fifth grade class. After testing the tool with two groups; experimental and control group, researchers concluded that educational games are more beneficial than more conventional methods. Playing educational games significantly affects the motivation of Iraqi students, according to the results of this study, and they are also helpful in increasing students' exposure to vocabulary and providing students with meaningful practice of language.
Appraisal of Existing Frameworks on Judicial Independence in Nigeria
Authors: Gwunireama Ishmael U.
Published: June 2024

Frameworks enhance the independence of the judiciary. Thus, there are different types of frameworks on the independence of the judiciary: legal and institutional. These are subjected to examination to bring them in line with current realities. This has necessitated the volume of pieces of literature proposing frameworks for reforms. Thus, in addition to the legal and institutional frameworks is the textual framework. The legal frameworks cover legislative enactments like the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999(as amended), institutional frameworks like the regulations handed down by the National Judicial Council (NJC) and textual frameworks which are academic works of scholars, jurists and legal practitioners. This paper undertook an appraisal these frameworks and made proposals, like an amendment to s. 271 CFRN 1999, for further reforms, towards enhancing judicial impendence in Nigeria and aligning it with international standards.
Comparison of Narcotic Criminalization Rules in Malaysia and Indonesia
Authors: Dwi Priyatmojo Katon
Published: June 2024

This study aims to determine the comparison of narcotics criminalization rules between Malaysia and Indonesia. The method used in this research is normative legal research. This method is carried out by collecting secondary data through literature studies by reading laws, library books, and documents related to this research topic. Data obtained from library data processing were analyzed qualitatively. In Malaysia, drugs are the single most complicated social problem. Since 1970 until now there is still no visible positive change, in fact it has become more flexible and has not been able to be stopped. Malaysia has made various efforts to eradicate narcotics offenders in their country, including by conducting various studies on the dangerous contents of these narcotics by involving universities and institutions, establishing a special agency for eradicating narcotics crimes, spending large amounts of money in efforts to rehabilitate drug convicts. Meanwhile, in Indonesia the pattern is still applied to eradicating narcotics abuse, victims of drug users are still put in jail, even though during the process prisoners are allowed to be rehabilitated, this has not been an effective solution. Even though the Indonesian government's efforts to decriminalize or change the paradigm from imprisonment to recovery already exist in Supreme Court Circular (SEMA) Number 4 of 2010 concerning Placement of Abuse, Victims of Abuse and Narcotics Addicts in Institutions for Medical Rehabilitation and Social Rehabilitation and Government Regulation Number 25 of 2011 concerning Compulsory Implementation Reports for Narcotics Addicts whose content confirms that drug addicts are victims and not perpetrators of crime, as well as legal legitimacy that addicts are not perpetrators of crimes but someone who suffers from addiction requires treatment both physically and psychologically and requires support from the community to be able to return to normal life, but in its implementation it is very difficult to implement so that it is still dominantly using criminalization efforts or still using the imprisonment paradigm instead of the recovery process for drug convicts
Legal Responsibility for Misuse of Restricted Over-The-Counter Medicine Sold by Small Traders
Authors: Puspita Atrianta Dea , Mangesti Yovita Arie
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this legal research is to find out about the applications of doctors who perform telemedicine services and to find out the legal protection for doctors who perform telemedicine services. By using normative legal research method, this research uses statute approach and conceptual approach. Based on this research, a conclusion is obtained that refers to Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, Minister of Health Regulation Number 20 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Telemedicine Services Between Health Service Facilities, and Law Number 29 of 20004 concerning Medical Practice. However, these regulations have not provided legal protection for doctors who perform telemedicine services both in statutory provisions and the medical code of ethics. Legal protection should be provided through a new law on doctors who perform remote virtual services (telemedicine) which contains telemedicine authority so that there are limits to the authority of doctors to perform telemedicine services.
Online Game Service Providers Responbilities for Damages Sufficiented to Consumer
Authors: Syahputra Firstza Maulana Krishna , Prasetyawati Endang
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out and explain how the responsibility of online game service providers is for losses suffered by consumers and legal settlements carried out. Consumer protection is a term used to describe legal protection given to consumers in their efforts to meet their needs from things that can harm the consumers themselves. The problem that will be examined and analyzed in this research is how the responsibility of online game service providers to Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This study uses a normative legal approach method in the form of a statutory and conceptual approach by using primary legal materials, namely laws and secondary legal materials, namely books and journals related to the discussion. The responsibilities of providers of online game services regarding Law No. 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection include the presence of responsibilities that are responsible for administrative and criminal responsibility, and there is civil responsibility for online game providers which is contained in Article 19 of the Law on Crime Protection. and Consuimein those who have Tangguing are responsible for damages for damages, Tangguing are responsible for compensation for damages for violations and Tangguing are responsible for compensation for losses for consumers. Based on this, the existence of defective goods and/or services is not the only basis for accountability for the provider of online game services. This means that the responsibilities of the provider of online game services cover all the disadvantages that consumers experience. And article 4 of the Consumer Protection Act explains the rights and beliefs of consumers. The results of the research show that the providers of online game services can answer their mistakes by paying compensation or deliberations to reach consensus
Criminal Responsibility for Parties Involved in Online Prostitution
Authors: Zidane Mochammad Iqbal Iz'za , Budiarsih Budiarsih
Published: June 2024

Fulfilling the needs of life is important for every human being because of the need for work, the choice of negative work makes individuals not care about the causes and consequences, the most important thing is how their life needs are fulfilled. For this reason, one of the jobs that online prostitution is one of the jobs that involves meeting the needs of human life easily. Online prostitution itself has become a common thing in the life of the community environment, basically online prostitution itself is one of the activities that has many negative impacts on a person's life. The focus of this research is on how the criminal liability of the parties related to online prostitution where an act of online prostitution activity is one of the phenomena where this is very easy to spread and also very complex in the world of the existing digital era so that in the context of a criminal law that is used to be able to provide the existence of a criminal liability that exists to the party who is involved in the online prostitution activity itself. This research uses the Normative Juridical method with the Law approach and conceptual approach. The results of this study found that the criminal liability of the parties involved in online prostitution if the parties meet the elements in the Criminal Code rules or outside the Criminal Code which regulates online prostitution. The parties involved in online prostitution can be subject to sanctions if online prostitution is carried out in areas where there are local regulations on prostitution. The conclusion that the criminal liability of the parties involved in the online prostitution case itself will depend on the facts that have been found so that this law is designed to be able to provide protection to the community and also provide punishment to individuals who are involved in this illegal act.
The Strength of Proof of MKDKI Decisions in Medical Crime Cases in Indonesia
Authors: Lathoif Muhammad Iffatul , Budiarsih Budiarsih
Published: June 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the evidentiary strength of MKDKI decisions in Medical Crime Cases in Indonesia. MKDKI has the main objective of protecting patient safety, maintaining the quality of service to patients, and also maintaining the honor of the profession of doctors and dentists, which is actualized in the form of a trial in the medical sphere to find out whether a doctor or dentist has made a mistake in applying medical discipline knowledge or not. , institutionally, MKDKI is an autonomous institution from the Indonesian Medical Council whose duties are independent and responsible to the Indonesian Medical Council, then KKI in carrying out its duties is responsible to the president. Complaints submitted to MKDKI act to eliminate the right of every person to report any alleged medical crime to an authorized party or filing a lawsuit for damages in court. The type used in this research is normative legal research. This type of research places more emphasis on answering existing legal problems or issues, and this research uses several approaches, namely the statutory approach, the conceptual approach. (conceptual approach) and case approach (case approach). The results of this research show that the evidentiary strength of the MKDKI Decision which can be used as documentary evidence in medical criminal cases is as follows: 1) issued by an authorized official or issued by an official institution, 2) the MKDKI decision is produced through a legal and legitimate process , and 3) proof at a trial at MKDKI is the same as in a proceeding using criminal procedural law; and the examination process and trial process are carried out in depth, and carried out by parties who are competent in their fields
Implications of The Kufah Madhhab in Nahwu for Enhancing Nahwiyah Skills Among Beginners at Islamic Boarding Schools
Authors: Ulin Nuha Muhammad Afthon , Ulfa Ulfa , Unsi Baiq Tuhfatul , Rosyad Muh. Sabilar , Musyafaah Nurul
Published: June 2024

Nahwu Madhhab Kufah di Indonesia secara tidak langsung sudah diterapkan di Pondok Pesantren namun tanpa disadari oleh para pembelajar Nahwu, dan juga Penerapannya dalam pembelajaran Nahwu dapat menambah khazanah keilmuan dalam bidang bahasa Arab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implikasi dari Nahwu Madhhab Kufah terhadap peningkatan Maharah Nahwiyah di Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum Tambakberas Jombang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari dua kelas, yaitu kelas VII-C dan VII-D di MTsN 3 Jombang. Instrumen yang digunakan mencakup pretest dan posttest, sementara analisis data dilakukan dengan uji hipotesis menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata prestasi belajar (post-test) siswa di kelas eksperimen mencapai 89,02, sedangkan di kelas kontrol sebesar 81,46. Dari hasil rata-rata tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran Nahwu dengan menggunakan Nahwu Madhhab Kufah memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran yang tidak menggunakan pendekatan tersebut. Dengan demikian, model pembelajaran dengan Nahwu Madhhab Kufah menjadi salah satu cara untuk mencapai hasil belajar yang baik dan tinggi dalam pembelajaran Nahwu.
PROMISING ROCKET FUEL COMPONENTS. II. FUEL ADDITIVES (REVIEW)
Authors: Верещагин А.Л.
Published: June 2024

Обзор посвящен современному состоянию разработок горючих компонентов для твердого ракетного топлива и топлива для прямоточных ракетных двигателей по состоянию на 01.01.2024. Рассмотрены наиболее энергоэффективные в настоящее время горючие компоненты – гидриды металлов. Среди гидридов особое внимание уделено гидриду алюминия. Рассмотрены также свойства соединений бора и исследования по повышению их полноты сгорания. Проведен сравнительный анализ эффективности и возможности применения нитрилов. Оценены возможности создания составов с тетразольными группами, входящими в состав полимеров, пластификаторов, окислителей и горючих.

The review is devoted to the current state of development of chlorine-free oxidizers of solid rocket fuel as of 01.01.2024.
RESEARCH OF STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF FIBERGLASS MATERIALS OF DESIGNS OF AIRCRAFT BY THE ULTRASONIC METHOD
Authors: Чулков Д.И.
Published: June 2024

Представлены результаты экспериментального исследования на образцах из стеклопластиков на основе эпоксидного и фенолоформальдегидного связующих взаимосвязи между содержанием связующего, плотностью и скоростью ультразвуковых волн, распространяющихся в направлении нормали к плоскости армирования стеклопластика. Приведены описание характера зависимостей между исследуемыми параметрами и рекомендации по разработки способов их контроля применительно к сложнопрофильным разнотолщинным изделиям из стеклопластика.

The results of an experimental study on fiberglass samples based on epoxy and phenol-formaldehyde binders on the relationship between the binder content, density and speed of ultrasonic waves propagating in the direction normal to the plane of fiberglass reinforcement are presented. A description of the nature of the dependencies between the studied parameters and recommendations for the development of methods for their control in relation to complex profiles of different thicknesses made of fiberglass are given.
USE OF NEURAL NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES FOR DETERMINING OPTICAL PARAMETERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Деминов О.В. , Матющенко Ю.Я. , Калачев А.В. , Пашнев В.В.
Published: June 2024

В настоящей работе представлено программное обеспечение для определения коэффициентов асимметрии однократного аэрозольного рассеяния методом аналитической аппроксимации нейронной сетью прямого распространения. Использованы данные наблюдений яркости дневного безоблачного неба, оптических толщ атмосферы и альбедо подстилающей поверхности на длине волны 675 нм при зенитных углах Солнца 65÷75о. Предварительно из угловых распределений яркости получены значения интегральных коэффициентов рассеянных световых потоков. Разработана программа расчета аэрозольных коэффициентов асимметрии в виде скрипта, использующая табличный формат входных данных, а также Windows-приложение для обучения нейронной сети, выполнен подбор оптимальной конфигурации сети. Приведены результаты тестирования и произведена оценка аппроксимирующих свойств нейронной сети. Вычислены средние квадратичные и максимальные отклонения при расчетах коэффициентов асимметрии. Данное программное обеспечение может быть рекомендовано для использования в организациях, занимающихся изучением климата, с целью оперативного определения аэрозольных коэффициентов асимметрии при обработке значительных объемов данных, к примеру, результатов мониторинговых наблюдений.

In this paper, software is presented for determining the asymmetry coefficients of single aerosol scattering by the method of analytical approximation by a feed-forward neural network. The data of observations of the brightness of the daytime cloudless sky, the optical depths of the atmosphere and the albedo of the underlying surface at a wavelength of 675 nm at solar zenith angles of 65÷75o were used. Preliminarily, the values of the integral coefficients of scattered light fluxes were obtained from the angular distributions of brightness. A program for calculating aerosol asymmetry coefficients in the form of a script has been developed, using a tabular format of input data, as well as a Windows application for training a neural network, and an optimal network configuration has been selected. The results of testing are presented and the estimation of the approximating properties of the neural network is made. The mean square and maximum deviations are calculated in the calculation of the asymmetry coefficients. This software can be recommended for use in organizations involved in climate research in order to quickly determine aerosol asymmetry coefficients when processing significant amounts of data, for example, the results of monitoring observations.
RATIONALE FOR THE SELECTION OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH FACILITY FOR MEASURING THE THERMAL-HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS OF PUMP-HOSE SYSTEM ELEMENTS
Authors: Малый В.П. , Куртов С.О. , Лунев А.С. , Кайзер Ю.Ф. , Карнаухов И.В.
Published: June 2024

В статье приведён критический сравнительный анализ известных установок, созданных для исследования параметров элементов насосно-рукавных систем, выполненный с целью обоснования состава, конструкции и приборного оснащения новой экспериментально-исследовательской установки (ЭИУ). Показаны достоинства смонтированной и затем испытанной ЭИУ, в том числе, в условиях критически низких температур во время межведомственного опытно-исследовательского учения сил и средств единой государственной системы предупреждения и ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций в Арктической зоне Российской Федерации «Безопасная Арктика – 2023» в г. Норильск. На основе накопленного первого опыта и конкретных примеров использования Установки предложены пути ее дальнейшего совершенствования. Обозначен круг тем НИР, которые возможно и целесообразно проводить на данной ЭИУ в ближайшее время.

The article presents a critical comparative analysis of the known installations created to study the parameters of the elements of pump-and-hose systems, carried out in order to substantiate the composition, design and instrumentation of the new experimental research facility (EIS). The advantages of the installed and then tested EIS are shown, including in conditions of critically low temperatures during the interdepartmental research exercise of the forces and means of the Unified State System for Prevention and Response to Emergency Situations in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation "Safe Arctic – 2023" in Norilsk. On the basis of the accumulated first experience and specific examples of the use of the Unit, the ways of its further improvement are proposed. A range of research topics that can and should be carried out at this EIS in the near future is indicated.
MODELING THE PROCESS OF WAVES ARISING AT THE GAS-LIQUID INTERPHASE BOUNDARY WHEN CREATE ACOUSTIC PRESSURE DISTURBANCES IN THE GAS PHASE
Authors: Сливин А.Н. , Голых Р.Н. , Барсуков А.Р.
Published: June 2024

Предложенная модель формирования акустических капиллярных волн на межфазной границе раздела позволяет учесть влияние вязкости, поверхностного натяжения и инерции жидкости на возмущения межфазной границы. Эта модель основана на инициировании колебательного пространственно неоднородного гармонического возмущения давления среды. Исследования показали, что вязкость слабо влияет на резонансную длину волн. Это значит, что изменение вязкости жидкости не приводит к значительному изменению скорости физико-химических процессов, включая поглощение CO2 из атмосферы. Однако при определенных значениях вязкости в диапазоне от 25 до 40 мПа∙с резонанс пропадает, что может указывать на изменение условий поглощения CO2. Таким образом, предложенная модель может быть использована для оценки площади межфазной поверхности и, в конечном итоге, скорости физико-химических процессов, включая поглощение CO2 из атмосферы. Это позволяет более точно определить скорость этих процессов и разработать эффективные методы и технологии для улавливания и снижения выбросов парниковых газов.

The proposed model for the formation of acoustic capillary waves at the interface allows us to take into account the influence of viscosity, surface tension and inertia of the liquid on the disturbances of the interface. This model is based on the initiation of an oscillatory spatially inhomogeneous harmonic disturbance of the medium pressure. Studies have shown that viscosity has little effect on the resonant wavelength. This means that a change in the viscosity of the liquid does not lead to a significant change in the rate of physicochemical processes, including the absorption of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, at certain viscosity values in the range from 25 to 40 mPa∙s, the resonance disappears, which may indicate a change in the conditions for CO2 absorption. Thus, the proposed model can be used to estimate the interfacial surface area and, ultimately, the rate of physicochemical processes, including the absorption of CO2 from the atmosphere. This allows us to more accurately determine the rate of these processes and develop effective methods and technologies to capture and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
ANALYSIS OF THE MEASURING SYSTEM IN THE STATGRAPHICS SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Царева С.А. , Новиков И.С.
Published: June 2024

Актуальность анализаизмерительной системы (Measurement System Analysis) обусловлена тем, что по результатам его проведения можно определить приемлемостьизмерительной системы путем количественной оценки ее точности, стабильности, сходимости и воспроизводимости. В настоящее время, поскольку методы контроля качества широко применяются в испытательных лабораториях, производственных, научно-исследовательских и опытно-конструкторских работах, многие решения принимаются при оценке, контроле и улучшении процессов и оборудования в плоскости адаптации статистических программных сред. В данной статье описана методология MSA анализа при контроле, проведении анализаизмерительной системы с помощью программы STATGRAPHICS на примере измерений и оценки качества эксплуатационных характеристик вентиляционных систем, а также представлены получены результаты о приемлемости измерительной системы. Показан анализ результатов испытаний с помощью факторного дизайна, рандомизированного по блокам. Эти выборки были проанализированы с помощью статистического программного обеспечения Statgraphics Centurion XIX. Отмеченный анализ позволит оптимизировать методику выполнения измерений в контексте обеспечения на предприятии принципов MSA анализа.

The relevance of the Measurement System Analysis is due to the fact that, based on the results of its implementation, it is possible to determine the acceptability of the measuring system by quantifying its accuracy, stability, convergence and reproducibility. Currently, since quality control methods are widely used in testing laboratories, manufacturing, research and development, many decisions are made when evaluating, controlling and improving processes and equipment in the context of providing statistical software. This article describes the methodology of MSA analysis during control, analyzes the measuring system using the STATGRAPHICS program on the example of measurements and evaluation of the quality of operational characteristics of ventilation systems, and also presents the results obtained on the acceptability of the measuring system. The analysis of the test results using a factor design randomized by blocks is shown. These samples were analyzed using the statistical software Statgraphics Centurion XIX. This analysis will optimize the measurement methodology in the context of ensuring the principles of MSA analysis at the enterprise.
SOFTWARE AND INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR INFORMATION AND MEASURING SYSTEM FOR BENCH TESTING OF SPECIAL CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Курбатов А.В. , Кондрашов Д.А. , Драничников И.А. , Попов Ф.А.
Published: June 2024

Представлены структура и функциональные возможности, а также структура и особенности построения программно-информационного обеспечения разработанной на АО «ФНПЦ «Алтай» информационно-измерительной системы (ИИС), предназначенной для автоматизации многоканального сбора, обработки и документирования результатов измерений при стендовых испытаниях изделий спецхимии. Показано, что рассмотренное программно-информационное обеспечение в полной мере обеспечивает в составе ИИС поддержку широкого спектра видов измерений по нескольким сотням измерительных каналов.

The software and information support (SIS) of the information-measuring system (IMS) developed at the Federal Research and Production Center "Altai" JSC, designed to automate the collection and processing of measurement results during bench tests of special chemistry products, is considered. The main task of which is the multichannel collection of data on the results of bench tests, processing, documentation and storage of measurement results. The process of its development, refinement, as well as technical and operational characteristics are shown.
ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR CONTROL OF OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS CONTENT IN SOIL
Authors: Ковалёва М.А. , Безбородов Ю.Н. , Виниченко Т.Н. , Шрам В.Г. , Шупранов Д.А. , Брицкая Д.Н.
Published: June 2024

В статье рассмотрены методы, наиболее часто использующиеся для определения и контроля уровня содержания нефти и нефтепродуктов в почве. Проведен их сравнительный анализ. Проанализированы данные, полученные в результате исследования почв, загрязненных нефтепродуктами методами флуориметрического и гравиметрического анализа, а так же ИК-спектроскопии. Показатели, полученные при исследовании с помощью ИК-спектроскопии выше, чем при применении флуориметрического и гравиметрического метода, одной из причин этого, по нашему мнению, является различная природа экстрагентов.

The article discusses the methods that are most often used to determine and control the level of oil and petroleum products in the soil. Their comparative analysis was carried out. The data obtained as a result of studying soils contaminated with petroleum products using fluorimetric and gravimetric analysis, as well as IR spectroscopy, are analyzed. The indicators obtained when studying using IR spectroscopy are higher than when using the fluorimetric and gravimetric methods; one of the reasons for this, in our opinion, is the different nature of the extractants.
FORMATION OF POROUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATES IN A COMBUSTION WAVE
Authors: Верещагин А.Л. , Минин Е.Д. , Бычин Н.В.
Published: June 2024

Методами синхронного термического анализа, электронной сканирующей микроскопии и рентгенофазового анализа исследованы конденсированные продукты реакции гипофосфита кальция с нитратами и нитритами натрия и калия с добавками нитрата аммония. Сжигание проводилось на воздухе при атмосферном давлении. Приготовленные смеси устойчиво горели с образованием хрупкой стекломассы белого цвета с пористой внутренней поверхностью и выделением аэрозоля ортофосфорной кислоты. Температура горения составляла от 1300 до 1500 ºС. Выход конденсированной фазы составлял от 60 до 40% от массы исходного состава. Установлено, что при сгорании смесей гипофосфита кальция образуются фазы, перспективные для регенеративной медицины: с нитратами или нитритами щелочных металлов образуются α-Ca2P2O7 и β-Ca2P2O7, причем введение в исходный состав нитрата натрия приводит к образованию еще фазы ренанита NaCaPO4, а нитрата калия – фазы KCaPO4; при сгорании состава с самой низкой температурой горения – с нитратом аммония обнаружена фаза гидроаппатита. Во всех случаях образуются фосфаты с соотношением Са/Р менее 1,67, которые перспективны для биомедицинских применений. При сгорании изученных составов формируются пористые системы с бимодальным распределением: макропоры диаметром 2-5 мкм и 100-200 нм.

The condensed products of the reaction of calcium hypophosphite with sodium and potassium nitrates and nitrites with additions of ammonium nitrate were studied using the methods of simultaneous thermal analysis, electron scanning microscopy and X-ray phase analysis. The combustion was carried out in air at atmospheric pressure. The prepared mixtures burned steadily with the formation of a brittle white glass melt with a porous inner surface and the release of an aerosol of orthophosphoric acid. The combustion temperature ranged from 1300 to 1500 ºС. The yield of the condensed phase ranged from 60 to 40% by weight of the initial composition. It has been established that during the combustion of mixtures of calcium hypophosphite, phases are formed that are promising for regenerative medicine: with nitrates or nitrites of alkali metals, α-Ca2P2O7and β-Ca2P2O7 are formed, and the introduction of sodium nitrate into the initial composition leads to the formation of another phase of renanite NaCaPO4, and potassium nitrate - KCaPO4 phases; During the combustion of the composition with the lowest combustion temperature - with ammonium nitrate, the hydroapatite phase was detected. In all cases, phosphates are formed with a Ca/P ratio of less than 1.67, which are promising for biomedical applications. Upon combustion of the studied compositions, porous systems with a bimodal distribution are formed: macropores with a diameter of 2-5 μm and 100-200 nm.
AUTOMATION OF PRODUCTION PROCESSESAND TESTING OF PLATES FROM POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: Медведев П.А. , Блазнов А.Н. , Сакошев Е.Г. , Сакошев З.Г. , Фирсов В.В.
Published: June 2024

Описан автоматизированный процесс изготовления образцов однонаправленных композитов на основе волокон различной природы (минеральных, химических, растительных) методом намотки. Испытания образцов проведены автоматизированным методом продольного изгиба с определением прочности, модуля упругости и предельной деформации при разрушении, с автоматической обработкой результатов и выводом протокола испытаний. Образцы углепластика имеют высокий модуль упругости 67 ГПа при низкой деформации 1,67 %, образцы композитов из полиакрилонитрильных нитей имеют высокую деформацию 6,35 % и низкий модуль упругости 4,8 ГПа. Прочность 1000-1200 МПа и модуль упругости 33-35 ГПа базальто- и стеклопластика сопоставимы. Образцы композитов на основе лубяных волокон конопли и льна сопоставимы с композитами из волокон ПАН по значениям прочности 100-127 МПа и модуля упругости 4,7-5,6 ГПа. Показана принципиальная возможность автоматизированного изготовления однонаправленных образцов композитов методом намотки и чувствительность автоматизированного метода испытаний продольным изгибом к упруго-прочным свойствам композитов из разных видов волокон.

An automated process for manufacturing samples of unidirectional composites based on fibers of various natures (mineral, chemical, plant) using the winding method is described. The samples were tested using an automated longitudinal bending method to determine strength, elastic modulus and ultimate strain at failure, with automatic processing of the results and output of a test report. CFRP samples have a high elastic modulus of 67 GPa with a low deformation of 1.67%, samples of composites made from polyacrylonitrile yarns have a high deformation of 6.35% and a low elastic modulus of 4.8 GPa. The strength of 1000-1200 MPa and elastic modulus of 33-35 GPa of basalt and fiberglass are comparable. Samples of composites based on hemp and flax bast fibers are comparable to composites made from PAN fibers in terms of strength values of 100-127 MPa and elastic modulus of 4.7-5.6 GPa. The fundamental possibility of automated production of unidirectional composite samples by the winding method and the sensitivity of the automated longitudinal bending test method to the elastic-strength properties of composites from different types of fibers are shown.
Pengembangan Deteksi Jatuh pada Manusia Menggunakan Metode Threshold Berbasis Data Akselerometer pada Smartphone
Authors: Hardjianto Mardi
Published: June 2024

Banyak sistem deteksi jatuh dikembangkan menggunakan akselerometer, giroskop atau kombinasi kedua sensor pada smartphone. Deteksi hanya menggunakan akselerometer banyak digunakan karena hampir semua smartphone memiliki sensor akselerometer. Alasan lain menggunakan satu sensor dapat menghemat daya baterai. Metode yang banyak digunakan untuk deteksi jatuh yaitu threshold. Metode ini digunakan untuk menghindari komputasi yang komplek agar dapat juga menghemat daya baterai. Sayangnya, metode ini masih memiliki kelemahan yang menyebabkan sejumlah alarm palsu. Pada penelitian kami sebelumnya, akurasi yang dihasilkan mencapai 98,1%, namun masih terdapat kekurangan, yaitu kegagalan membedakan gerak jatuh dan berlari. Pada penelitian ini, kami mencoba memperbaiki metode deteksi jatuh agar dapat membedakan gerak jatuh dan berlari. Walaupun belum sempurna, namun akurasinya sudah meningkat menjadi 99,2%.
Methodology of conducting experimental studies to assess qualitative and quantitative indicators of drawing prism formation
Authors: Grigorev P. A. , Sladkova L. A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Based on a full-scale experiment, the process of forming a drawing prism in front of the blade surface was assessed and qualitative indicators that confirm theoretical studies of this process were identified.

Materials and methods. In conducting experimental research, the main provisions of the theory of experimental design, based on the methods of mathematical statistics, were used. In accordance with theoretical studies, the process of formation of the drawing prism in front of the working bodies of earth-moving machines is accompanied not only by a change in the speed of soil movement on the surface, which occurs as a result of the action of adhesive forces and frictional forces, but also by the Coriolis acceleration that occurs in the process of moving soil along the curved surface of the dump, which, in our opinion, is the main reason for the uneven distribution of soil in front of the dump surface.

Results. The proposed method of conducting and processing the results of the experiment made it possible to identify that the parameters characterizing the force of soil adhesion on the surface of the working body of the dump type are: volumetric mass of soil; the speed of soil movement at the i-th point of the surface of the working body; time of soil movement on the dump surface; coefficient of friction of the soil on the surface of the working body; time of interaction of the soil with the surface of the working body. The method of processing the results of the experiment made it possible to qualitatively identify and quantitatively assess the process of formation of the drag prism when moving soil on the surface of the working body in two-dimensional space, to determine the change in the velocities of soil movement at an arbitrary point of the surface and to verify the working hypothesis and theoretical studies on the nature of the change in the velocities of soil movement in front of the dump surface.

Discussions and conclusions. It has been established that in order to reduce stickiness, it is necessary to optimize the parameters of the working body, the depth of digging and the time of interaction of the soil with the surface of the working body.
Research results of resonant vibration equipment for compaction of concrete mixtures on a physical model
Authors: Zedgenizov V. G. , Faizov S. Kh.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to confirm the results of research on resonant vibration equipment for compacting concrete mixtures obtained using a mathematical model. The object of research is an oscillatory system of resonant vibration equipment consisting of two masses interconnected by elastic and dissipative elements. In addition, the first mass is connected to a fixed base through elastic and dissipative elements.

Materials and methods. The main provisions of the theory of similarity and statistical processing of experimental data are used in the research. The required number of repeated experiments was determined statistically, and the reproducibility of the experiment was verified by the Cochran criterion. Results. The criteria and indicators of similarity of processes occurring in the system of resonant vibration equipment have been developed, formulas for the transition from the parameters of nature to the parameters of the physical model have been proposed. The technical characteristics of the physical model are presented.

During the experiment, oscillograms of the movements of the vibrator and the working body which are shifted relative to each other by an angle of π/2 were obtained. At the same time, the amplitude of vibrations of the vibrator significantly exceeds the amplitude of vibrations of the working body.

Discussions and conclusions. The presented dependences of the amplitudes obtained on mathematical and physical models qualitatively repeat each other. In the studied frequency range of the driving force, the maximum error is 12%. This confirms the results obtained on the mathematical model of resonant vibration equipment.
Peculiarities of determining the capacity of land urban passenger transportation vehicles
Authors: Kolin A. V. , Rybakov P. V. , Evreenova N. Yu.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. In the conditions of motorization growth the necessity to improve the quality of passenger service by public transport increases significantly. The determining factor for finding the design capacity of vehicles (TC) is the comfort provided to passengers. On the one hand, in order for public transport to be popular in comparison with private motor transport, it must provide comfortable travel conditions, which are ensured by the provision of free places for sitting and (or) the availability of sufficient space for standing. On the other hand, guaranteed provision of all passengers with seats with a comfortable interval between rows of seats, requires an increase in the number of vehicles to master the same volume of transportation and can lead to a sharp increase in the cost of transportation and fare, at which the economic advantages of public transport over private transport will be less obvious. The aim of the study was to find a compromise calculated occupancy rate of vehicles, at which public transport provides the necessary attractiveness and comfort for passengers and the required carrying capacity.

Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the work was general scientific principles and research methods: empirical (expert evaluation) and theoretical (analysis, synthesis, systematization) methods. In order to achieve the set goal, the following tasks were solved: 1. The methods of determining the quality of occupancy quality of the vehicle interior were analyzed. 2. The maximum acceptable capacity of the considered public transportation vehicles was determined. 3. The proposals on the use of the calculated indicator of the density of standing passengers placement in determining the carrying capacity of public transportation are given.

Discussion and conclusion. The conducted analysis of manuals on operation, repair, acting in corresponding periods of operation of the chosen vehicles shows that the capacity of vehicles according to norms of manufacturers of vehicles and social standard of the Ministry of Transport does not allow to reach the necessary quality of transportation. The performed research has allowed to establish a comfortable level of occupancy of vehicles for a passenger and a calculated indicator of the density of standing passengers.

Practical significance. The established comfortable for passengers occupancy of vehicles can be used in the development and updating of social standards of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.

Originality. There is an assessment of the travel conditions depending on passenger occupancy in different types of public transport vehicles operated in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus.
Calculation method for a steel-reinforced concrete bridge span structure with material separation along the neutral axis
Authors: Belokopytov A. S. , Utkin V. A. , Matveev S. A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. In steel-reinforced concrete spans, the strength of reinforced concrete is not fully used due to the twostage inclusion of the cross section in the work and the irrational distribution of materials in the section. To increase the efficiency of the materials used, it is proposed to combine the steel and reinforced concrete parts along the neutral axis of the cross section. With such a cross-section design, the steel will always be in the tension zone, and the concrete in the compression zone. It is possible to implement such a design by constructing a span in one stage from prefabricated steel-reinforced concrete blocks.

Materials and methods. It is possible to implement the calculation method with the separation of the material along the neutral axis when organizing the installation of the span structure in one stage, assuming that the section of the span structure operates in the elastic stage and following the laws of structural mechanics. To cover the features of the calculation of split and continuous span structures, a cantilever-beam static scheme was adopted.

Results. The presented results of analytical calculations make it possible to estimate the consumption of materials in the manufacture of the span. The steel consumption of the span under study is 6.12 t/lm, the reinforced concrete consumption is 6.54 m3/lm.

Installation of the span. The installation of the span is described, considering the design features.

Conclusions. The optimal static layout of the span structure has been determined. A method for calculating a steel-reinforced concrete span with material separation along the neutral axis has been developed. An analytical calculation was performed to select the geometric parameters of the cross sections of the span.
Food safety knowledge, attitude, and practice of consumers in Malaysia: a
review
Authors: Aspian N.A. , R. Tunung , Jamaluddin F. , Ismail Z. , Sharkawi I. , Alan R. , Lepun P. , Rosli A. , Nillian E. , Anyi U.
Published: June 2024

Food safety is a crucial issue in every country. Without a good food safety system, a
country will suffer economically and socially. This paper aims to revisit the literature on
food safety knowledge, attitude, and practice in Malaysia and globally. Foodborne
illnesses are caused by food that has been contaminated at any stage of the food
production, delivery, and consumption chain. Non-compliance with food handling
guidelines linked to a lack of food safety awareness was the leading cause of foodborne
illnesses. This paper highlighted consumers’ role in preventing foodborne diseases by
following food safety recommendations when preparing food at home. Hence, studies on
consumers' food safety knowledge, attitude, and practice are very important for future
development programs on food safety guidelines, and to ensure successful
implementations.