bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of paliperidone depot injection in seriously violent men with comorbid schizophrenia and dissocial personality disorder in a UK high-security hospital
Authors: Mortlock Anna-Marie , Larkin Fintan , Ross Callum C. , Gupta Nitin , Sengupta Samrat , Das Mrigendra
Published: March 2017

Background:

High-security hospital patients are often complex in presentation and are characterized by treatment resistance, medication nonadherence and history of violence. Paliperidone is licensed both as an oral and depot antipsychotic medication in the treatment of schizophrenia. Clinical trials have shown that paliperidone depot is well tolerated with similar efficacy to risperidone depot but with additional practical advantages. Whilst data exist for the effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate (PP), there are no studies involving patients in forensic settings or those with comorbid personality disorder. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of PP on violence, aggression and personality disorder symptoms.

Methods:

This project was a retrospective service evaluation involving 11 patients, carried out in a high-security hospital. A combination of patient records and interviews with the treating consultant psychiatrist were used to ascertain a Clinical Global Impression (CGI) score, the effect of PP on specific personality disorder symptom domains (cognitive-perceptual, impulsive-behavioural dyscontrol and affective dysregulation) and incidents of violence and aggression. Engagement with occupational and psychological therapies was also evaluated. Metabolic parameters were reviewed.

Results:

A total of 6 out of 11 patients continued on PP, most of whom had schizophrenia and dissocial personality disorder with histories of violence. All showed improvement in the CGI score with associated benefits in the three personality symptom domains. Overall, two patients demonstrated a reduction in the risk of violence. There was improvement in engagement with occupational therapy and psychological work. No significant effects on metabolic parameters were noted although hyperprolactinaemia, albeit asymptomatic, was consistently recorded.

Conclusions:

This pragmatic service evaluation of a small but complex patient group demonstrated, for the first time, that PP was effective in reducing violence as well as improving personality pathology across all dimensions: a finding which could have significant implications for management of such high-security patients.
Right ventricular ST‐elevation myocardial infarction as a cause of death in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Zhan Yang , Burstein Barry , Abualsaud Ali O. , Nosair Mohamed , Hirsch Andrew M. , Lesenko Lyda , Langleben David
Published: March 2017

A 32‐year‐old woman with advanced idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), treated with oral tadalafil and intravenous epoprostenol, presented with typical angina pectoris of one day’s duration. Her electrocardiogram, previously typical of pulmonary hypertension, revealed an acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction in the anterior precordial leads. She had a prior coronary angiogram, in preparation for lung transplantation, that revealed normal coronary arteries. Urgent coronary angiography showed acute occlusion of several acute marginal coronary branches that feed the right ventricle (RV). Coronary angioplasty and stenting was unable to adequately restore coronary perfusion. Despite support, she developed progressive cardiogenic shock and died three days later. This is an unusual complication of PAH.
Coronary spasm secondary to cefuroxime injection, complicated with cardiogenic shock – a manifestation of Kounis syndrome: case report and literature review
Authors: Mitsis Andreas , Christodoulou Evi , Georgiou Panayiota
Published: March 2017

Kounis syndrome is defined as the coincidental occurrence of an acute coronary syndrome with hypersensitivity reactions following an allergic event. The three reported variants of Kounis syndrome are vasospastic allergic angina, allergic myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis with occluding thrombus. The syndrome is caused by various inflammatory mediators. The pathophysiological characteristics of Kounis syndrome involve coronary artery spasm and/or atheromatous plaque erosion or rupture during an allergic reaction. Several causes have been described to induce Kounis syndrome, and their number is increasing rapidly. The haemodynamic effect of the syndrome complicated by cardiogenic shock seems to combine allergic shock with extensive peripheral vasodilation and myocardial suppression with the characteristics of cardiogenic shock. Treatment of Kounis syndrome is challenging because it needs management of both cardiac and allergic manifestation simultaneously. We present a case report of type I Kounis syndrome, with coronary spasm secondary to cefuroxime injection complicated with cardiogenic shock. A brief review of the literature on the various facets of this condition is also provided.
Mundane data: The routines, contingencies and accomplishments of digital living
Authors: Pink Sarah , Sumartojo Shanti , Lupton Deborah , Heyes La Bond Christine
Published: March 2017

This article develops and mobilises the concept of ‘mundane data’ as an analytical entry point for understanding Big Data. We call for in-depth investigation of the human experiences, routines, improvisations and accomplishments which implicate digital data in the flow of the everyday. We demonstrate the value of this approach through a discussion of our ethnographic research with self-tracking cycling commuters. We argue that such investigations are crucial in informing our understandings of how digital data become meaningful in mundane contexts of everyday life for two reasons: first because there is a gap in our understanding of the contingencies and specificities through which big digital data sets are produced, and second because designers and policy makers often seek to make interventions for change in everyday contexts through the presentation of mundane data to consumers but with little understanding of how people produce, experience and engage with these data.
Characteristics of Chinese rural networks: Evidence from villages in central China
Authors: Xiong Hang , Payne Diane
Published: March 2017

Characteristics such as ‘acquaintance society’ and ‘differential mode of association’ have been widely acknowledged as unique features of Chinese rural societies. However, quantitative evidence of these characteristics is not found in the literature. Applying methods in social network analysis, this paper presents a quantitative study of the social structure of Chinese villages. We measure various network statistics and topological properties of these villages using detailed data on major social relationships (including kinship, house neighbourhood, land plot neighbourhood and political relationships) in 10 rural villages located in central China. In this way, we provide a quantitative description of the structural characteristics of Chinese villages and quantitative evidence for some widely acknowledged features. Our findings are threefold: (1) the networks of Chinese villages are densely connected and highly decentralised; (2) the networks are typical small-world networks, referred to in network research as ‘acquaintance societies’; (3) individuals form neighbourhood ties according to the closeness of existing kinship ties, which corroborates the feature of ‘differential mode of association’.
Sources of unequal cognitive development of middle-school students in China’s rural–urban migration era
Authors: Hao Lingxin , Yu Xiao
Published: March 2017

This paper seeks to identify the major sources of unequal cognitive development of middle school students in China’s current rural–urban migration era. Under a framework that integrates theories of social stratification, migration, and sociology of education, we utilize data on a nationally representative sample of 9th graders and a standardized cognitive test to provide valid population patterns and explanations of cognitive development inequality. Our regression decomposition helps disentangle the sources of group disparities between the predictor levels and the predictor effects. Our analysis reveals that the old order of inequality created by household registration ( hukou) has been complicated by rural–urban migration. Inequality has increased for rural- hukou students, with the most dramatic differences occurring among children of migrants, depending upon the child’s migrant status. Our regression decomposition analysis results point to the effectiveness of the school learning environment as the chief source of cognitive development inequality. We discuss implications for policy interventions to foster and ensure an equal education for all students.
Back to historical views, reconstructing the sociological imagination: The new tradition of classical and historical studies in the modern Chinese transformation
Authors: Qu Jingdong
Published: March 2017

Historical perspectives are a means of reconstructing the sociological imagination, as classical sociologists did. There are many historical dimensions in Karl Marx’s social studies: dialectical analysis of the present as history; reconstructed narratives of historical events; and finally, evolution of family, ownership, state, and social formations. Likewise, in order to understand the reality of Chinese society, we need to examine the transformation of modern Chinese social thought and its contexts. By reinterpreting the Theory of the Three Epochs from the classic Spring and Autumn Annals, Kang Youwei proposed that the establishment of the Idea of Cosmic Unity as the universal value for world history and the building of the Confucian religion for the cultivation of mores had resulted in the successful transformation of Chinese society from the Era of War to the Era of Peace. In contrast, Zhang Taiyan upheld the tradition of ‘Six Classics are all Histories’ and furthered the academic change of focus from classics to history, which Wang Guowei and Chen Yinque carried out. Through the method of synthetical deduction in the social sciences, Wang Guowei interpreted classics historically in Institutional Change in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, confirming the original principle of the Zhou regime and etiquette on the basis of the patriarchal clan system and its emphasis on law, mores, and institutions. On the other hand, Chen Yinque thoroughly investigated the Middle Period of Chinese history from the perspectives of concourse and inter-attestation and outlined a historical landscape of interfusion between Hu and Han nationalities, the mixing of various religions, the migrations of diverse groups, and the integration of different cultures and mores. In short, there are two waves of intellectual change in the Chinese modern transformation, which together have established the new discipline of Classical and Historical Studies as well as the subsequent institutional and spiritual sources of social and political construction.
Higher education, elite formation and social stratification in contemporary China: Preliminary findings from the Beijing College Students Panel Survey
Authors: Wu Xiaogang
Published: March 2017

Higher education plays an undoubtedly important role in promoting social mobility in modern society. Previous literatures have tended to focus on the comparison between those with college degrees and those without, treating the former as a homogeneous group and the schooling process as a ‘black box.' This article introduces the background and research design of the Beijing College Students Panel Survey and analyzes the first wave of the data to investigate social stratification within the Chinese higher education system, paying special attention to the roles of family background, special admission policies, and key-point high schools in the process. Results show that while family socioeconomic status and residence locations continue to exert direct influences on the likelihood of getting into three tiers of universities (national elite universities, ‘211 universities,' and ‘non-211 universities'), key-point high schools and special admissions policies serve as important mechanisms in this process. Attending key-point high schools can help students to achieve higher scores in college entrance examinations and thus to ensure equitable access to college education; special admissions policies apparently benefit those from advantaged family backgrounds. Moreover, those in the national elite universities are more likely to join the Party than their counterparts in other universities, although their intentions are lower. These findings have important implications for understanding the role of higher education in elite formation and social stratification in contemporary China.
The motogenic effect of EGF and TGF-α on the migration of tumor cells from the oral region
Authors: Islam Mohammad , Mane Shraddha , Hyder Erum , Jones Sarah , Ellis Ian
Published: March 2017

Aim:

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. The change in phenotype of epithelial cells enables them to migrate and the cancer therefore, to become more aggressive. The presence of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in the spread and aggressive nature of oral tumors. The aims of this present study were to investigate the role of two different growth factors, both ligands of the receptor, and their influence on EMT and cellular motility.

Methods:

A number of assays were used to investigate the response of the cells to the two growth factors (EGF and transforming growth factor (TGF-α)). These techniques included the 2-D scratch assay, a 2-D-cell scatter assay, and immunocytochemistry. Normal keratinocytes (HaCaT), oral adenoid squamous cell carcinoma (TYS), and human salivary gland tumor cells were used in this study.

Results:

The results of the scratch and scatter assays indicated that EGF and TGF-α exerted differential effects upon the cells. EGF and TGF-α stimulated the migration of cancer cells in scratch assays. Scatter assays have revealed that both EGF and TGF-α induce EMT. EGF- and TGF-α-induced scattering is EGFR dependent and localization of EMT markers (E-cadherin and vimentin) might play an important role in scattering. These responses were also found to be dependent upon cell type, indicating that the assay could also be used as a simple screen for active growth factor. The observed effects were also dose dependant (data not shown).

Conclusion and implication for translation to clinic:

We have previously reported that although EGF and TGF-α have ultimately similar effects on motility, it would appear that different mechanisms are responsible. This data extends our knowledge of the action of these growth factors to epithelial cell lines and will inform future testing of the effects of EGF and TGF-α inhibitors.
A report on Beijing’s cultural and creative industries media clusters
Authors: Si Si
Published: March 2017

China’s rapidly developing cultural and creative industries have generated a boom in clusters; that is, companies with similar or complementary interests congregating around one another. Driven by government policy and market opportunities, investors and entrepreneurs have flocked to form and build clusters in order to accelerate economic growth. This “In Focus” report defines and categorizes Beijing’s cultural and creative industries media clusters, references government policies to accelerate their economic growth, and describes their current state of development. In addition, we highlight the benefits that Beijing’s economy has received from cultural and creative industries media clusters and comment on the challenges Beijing’s cultural and creative industries media clusters face moving forward.
Fan economy in the Chinese media and entertainment industry: How feedback from super fans can propel creative industries’ revenue
Authors: Liang Yilu , Shen Wanqi
Published: March 2017

The media and entertainment industry in China is witnessing the changing nature of its relationships between fans and the artists/studios they follow. Fans, once merely passive recipients of marketing campaigns, are now shifting from sharing their original work (fan art, fan vids, fan fics) as active members of fan communities, and participants within the “gift economy”, to being content experts leveraged as co-creators by studios seeking to ensure the success of productions before they are released into the marketplace. China’s media and entertainment companies are beginning to embrace the creative powers of their fans, and are seeking new ways to develop, invest in, and nurture their fan community towards the co-creation of products, especially with high level “super fans”, surpassing the mere driving of purchases through lifestyle affinity. In this paper we define and discuss elements of Chinese “fans”, their evolving relationship with artists and studios, and their impact on the Chinese media and entertainment industry. This includes a description of fan “levels”, an adaptation of the ARPU (average revenue per unit) used to measure fan value, and a review of social media platforms that provide a technological base for company/fan interaction. We share examples from China’s music, film, and television industries based on interviews with industry practitioners, and offer some insights on how companies can benefit from this collaborative product development practice. In conclusion, we draw parallels between the direction of the fan-studio collaboration process with the rapidly expanding innovation process known as “design thinking”, where companies incorporate feedback from side-by-side collaboration with customers and expert users during the product development process.
Music industry and copyright protection in the United States and China
Authors: Herlihy David , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2017

From the standard economic rationale, music copyright supports the rights of authors and creators to exclude competitors and the public from accessing and copying their works to the extent necessary to provide incentive to recover the investment they made in creating those works. The necessary extent in music copyright is from the interplay of three historical drivers of copyright policy—technology (which makes things possible), the market (which gives rise to consumer demand and companies delivering goods and services to satisfy those consumers), and the law (which determines the rules of the road). Due to differences in cultural traditions and historical developments, these processes have been different for the United States and China. This “In Focus” report briefly explores intellectual property and music copyright in these two countries from an historical perspective, comments on their current state, and reflects on future directions.
Obligatory and Voluntary Identity Discrepancies, Self-Evaluation, and Psychological Distress
Authors: Gallagher Mary
Published: March 2017

In identity theory, inconsistencies between self-views and perceptions of others’ views of self (identity discrepancies) are considered stressors that can compromise well-being. The particular outcome(s) affected by a given identity discrepancy may depend upon the type of identity being considered. Using telephone survey data ( n = 501) from a national probability sample of adults in the United States and structural equation modeling techniques, the author compares the impact of discrepancies in obligatory and voluntary identities on two components of self-evaluation (self-esteem and self-efficacy) and three types of psychological distress (depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms). Results confirm that discrepancies associated with obligatory and voluntary identities differentially affect these outcomes. Obligatory identity discrepancies have a direct association with somatic symptoms, whereas voluntary identity discrepancies are indirectly related to depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms through self-esteem. Implications of these findings for identity and mental health research, directions for future research, and study limitations are discussed.
Stress Buffer or Identity Threat? Negative Media Portrayal, Public and Private Religious Involvement, and Mental Health in a National Sample of U.S. Adults
Authors: Stroope Samuel , Walker Mark H. , Franzen Aaron B.
Published: March 2017

Guided by the stress process tradition, complex links between religion and mental health have received growing attention from researchers. This study gauges individuals’ public and private religiosity, uses a novel measure of environmental stress—negative media portrayal of religion—and presents two divergent hypotheses: (1) religiosity as stress-exacerbating attachment to valued identities producing mental health vulnerability to threat and (2) religiosity as stress-buffering social psychological resource. To assess these hypotheses, we analyze three mental health outcomes (generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and general mental health problems) in national U.S. data from 2010 (N = 1,714). Our findings align with the stress-buffering perspective. Results show that individuals low in public and private religiosity tend to have worse mental health with greater negative media portrayal. High public or private religiosity tends to nullify the relationship between negative media portrayal and mental health.
Ultrasound and Functional Assessment of Transtendinous Repairs of Partial-Thickness Articular-Sided Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Ostrander Roger V. , Klauser Jeffrey M. , Menon Sanjay , Hackel Joshua G.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Partial-thickness articular-sided rotator cuff tears are a frequent source of shoulder pain. Despite conservative measures, some patients continue to be symptomatic and require surgical management. However, there is some controversy as to which surgical approach results in the best outcomes for grade 3 tears.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate repair integrity and the clinical results of patients treated with transtendinous repair of high-grade partial-thickness articular-sided rotator cuff tears. Our hypothesis was that transtendinous repairs would result in reliable healing and acceptable functional outcomes.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Twenty patients with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were included in the study. All patients underwent arthroscopic repair of high-grade partial-thickness rotator cuff tears utilizing a transtendinous technique by a single surgeon. At latest follow-up, the repair integrity was evaluated using ultrasound imaging, and functional scores were calculated.

Results:

Ultrasound evaluation demonstrated that 18 of 20 patients had complete healing with a normal-appearing rotator cuff. Two patients had a minor residual partial tear. Sixteen of 20 patients had no pain on visual analog scale. Four patients complained of mild intermittent residual pain. All patients were rated as “excellent” by both the University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Score and the Simple Shoulder Test.

Conclusion:

The transtendon technique for the repair of articular-sided high-grade partial rotator cuff tears results in reliable tendon healing and excellent functional outcomes.
Utilizing Contemplative Practices With Undergraduate Students in a Community-Engaged Course on Health Disparities
Authors: Batada Ameena
Published: March 2017

Public health courses that provide opportunities for applied learning to develop students’ understanding of health disparities and methods for achieving health equity are of critical importance. Contemplative pedagogy can cultivate among students personal skills such as open awareness, introspection, nonjudgment, and compassion as students engage with communities across class, race, and other lines of difference. This article describes how contemplative practices are introduced and aligned with learning objectives in an undergraduate community-engaged course on health parity at a public liberal arts university in North Carolina, with the intent of contributing to the growing literature on contemplative education and how it may be appropriate in public health education. Contemplative pedagogy in this course offers opportunities for students to learn with their minds, bodies, and hearts. This article presents course context and structure, introducing contemplative practices to students, and two specific examples of contemplative activities that may help students better understand diversity and their role in sustainable health equity. The article concludes with a discussion and resources for instructors interested in contemplative pedagogy. As contemplative pedagogy gains ground in college instruction, it may also provide critical skill-building for students of public health.
Sonographic Detection of Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Clark Melissa L. , Fisher Kelsy L.
Published: March 2017

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare, life-threatening, flesh-eating bacterial infection that quickly destroys soft tissue beneath the skin. Left untreated, it can result in the loss of limbs or even death. A diagnosis is most often made through laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography (CT), and sonography. This case study demonstrates the use of sonography to assist in the detection and characterization of necrotizing fasciitis. In this case, CT provided the necessary diagnostic information to accurately diagnose necrotizing fasciitis. The prompt diagnosis for this patient facilitated expedited treatment in an effort to stem progressive damage to the affected limb.
How do messenger RNA splicing alterations drive myelodysplasia?
Authors: Joshi Poorval , Halene Stephanie , Abdel-Wahab Omar
Published: March 2017

Mutations in RNA splicing factors are the single most common class of genetic alterations in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. Although much has been learned about how these mutations affect splicing at a global- and transcript-specific level, critical questions about the role of these mutations in MDS development and maintenance remain. Here we present the questions to be addressed in order to understand the unique enrichment of these mutations in MDS.
Political activities and anti-communism of Korean Protestant conservatives in the 2000s
Authors: Ryu Dae Young
Published: March 2017

Korean Protestant Conservatives began political activities against the government when the Roh Moo Hyun administration took office. Conservative Protestants have long been obedient to the government and kept silence on socio-political issues since the foundation of the Republic of Korea. Those politically active conservative Protestants were called the Christian Right. Their sudden political activism came from a sense of crisis they felt about the Kim Dae Jung and Roh Moo Ryun governments’ progressive policies. It arose in a “power vacuum” that even though the progressive governments took political power, the “Cold War structures” still dominated many sections of Korean society. The Christian Right, just like the ideological right, was formed due to a sense of ideological crisis. It thought that the Kim and Roh administrations were pushing Korea, the rightist republic as it believed, into a crisis by adapting leftist policy measures. Their key values were pro-Americanism and anti-communism. Just like American Religious Right, their anti-communism was connected to Manichaean dualism, fundamentalism, and a belief in the providential role of the United States in fight against evil. However, unlike the American counterpart, the Korean Christian Right paid little attention to ethical issues, while making issue of ideological and socio-political matters only.
Automatic noise-removal/signal-removal based on general cross-validation thresholding in synchrosqueezed domain and its application on earthquake data
Authors: Mousavi S. Mostafa , Langston Charles A.
Published: March 2017

Recorded seismic signals are often corrupted by noise. We have developed an automatic noise-attenuation method for single-channel seismic data, based upon high-resolution time-frequency analysis. Synchrosqueezing is a time-frequency reassignment method aimed at sharpening a time-frequency picture. Noise can be distinguished from the signal and attenuated more easily in this reassigned domain. The threshold level is estimated using a general cross-validation approach that does not rely on any prior knowledge about the noise level. The efficiency of the thresholding has been improved by adding a preprocessing step based on kurtosis measurement and a postprocessing step based on adaptive hard thresholding. The proposed algorithm can either attenuate the noise (either white or colored) and keep the signal or remove the signal and keep the noise. Hence, it can be used in either normal denoising applications or preprocessing in ambient noise studies. We tested the performance of the proposed method on synthetic, microseismic, and earthquake seismograms.
VS30 Characterization of Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas Using the P-Wave Seismogram Method
Authors: Zalachoris Georgios , Rathje Ellen M. , Paine Jeffrey G.
Published: March 2017

The P-wave seismogram method is used to develop estimates of the time averaged shear wave velocity of the upper 30 m ( V S30) at 251 seismic stations in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. Geologic conditions at the sites are documented using large-scale geologic maps. The V S30 values from the P-wave seismogram method agree well with the limited in situ measurements across the study area and correlate well with the mapped geologic units. Compared with the V S30 proxy values assigned to the stations by the Next Generation Attenuation–East (NGA-East) project, the P-wave seismogram method generally produces larger V S30 estimates. These differences are likely due to the fact that very few V S measurements in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas were available for use in the development of the NGA-East proxies. Analysis of the P-wave seismogram V S30 values indicates that, in this geographic area, incorporating rock type along with geologic age better distinguishes the average V S30 of these materials than geologic age alone.
Thinking Through Everyday Inequality
Authors: Voyer Andrea M.
Published: March 2017

While contemporary American society is highly segregated and increasingly unequal, there are settings in which typical social divisions do not apply—in principle (if not in practice) neither limiting one’s ability to participate nor shaping one’s power relative to others. This essay draws on current research on the everyday dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion among the parents of a New York City Parent-Teacher Association to highlight everyday practices of social inequality. Uncovering microsociological dynamics of inequality in settings where established structures of inequality (e.g., segregation and the division of labor) are sidelined by explicit adoption of egalitarian principles, the essay shows that, even when democratic civility prevails, background inequalities on the basis of race, gender, social class, and immigration status are often reproduced in mundane everyday interaction.
“Flesh Like One’s Own”: Benign Denials of Legitimate Complaint
Authors: Glover Kaiama L.
Published: March 2017

This essay looks pointedly at a broad phenomenon wherein ostensibly benign discourses—from the news media to the Hollywood film industry to humanitarian aid—grant permission for North Atlantic denial of human proximity to peoples of the so-called global South. Taking the figure of the (Haitian) zombie as pivot point, the essay reflects on the continuity between dehumanized discursive and visual representations of (postearthquake) Haitians, sub-Saharan Africans, and other immiserated “others.” In question is what exactly the contemporary zombie allows “First World” citizenries to get away with in their dealings with the “Third World.” What thought project does the zombie myth sustain and participate in? How does it link our feelings about blacks, migrants, refugees, and the poor into a long-historical narrative of distancing and (pathologized) ontological difference?
Margaret Lock: Interviewed by Eugene Raikhel
Authors: Lock Margaret , Raikhel Eugene
Published: March 2017

Margaret Lock, interviewed by Eugene Raikhel, discusses a distinguished career focused on troubling widely held assumptions about medicine, the body, and the brain, while reflecting on her role in the emergence and development of the anthropology of biomedicine.
Street Art and the Changing Urban Public Sphere
Authors: Molnár Virág
Published: March 2017

The essay examines street art as a lens on the workings of the contemporary public sphere to capture changing uses of urban public spaces and shifting conceptions of social order in the city. It explores the explosion in the popularity of street art at a time when urban public space is shrinking and control over its use has tightened considerably through zero-tolerance policing, growing surveillance, privatization, and gentrification. It argues that significant developments in digital media (e.g., the spread of mobile devices, photo sharing, blogging, and social networking sites) have created a new ecology for the documentation, sharing, and global dissemination of “ephemeral” street art that has fueled its popularity while complicating its commercialization, reception, and political impact. It shows how digital technologies mediate the tension between the countercultural aspirations of street art and the multiple ways in which street art is being turned into a commodity.
Vocational Training for Disadvantaged Youth in Colombia: A Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Attanasio Orazio , GuarÍn Arlen , Medina Carlos , Meghir Costas
Published: March 2017

We evaluate the long-term impacts of a randomized Colombian training and job placement program. Following the large short-term effects, we now find that the program effects persist, increasing formal participation and earnings contributions to social security and working in larger firms. By using a large administrative source we are also able to establish that the program improved both male and female labor market outcomes by a similar amount—a result that was not apparent with the smaller evaluation sample. The results point to a cost-effective approach to reducing informality and improving labor market outcomes in the long run. (JEL I28, J13, J24, J31, O15)
Positive self-perceived health of octogenarians participating in community groups
Authors: Krug Rodrigo , Schneider Ione , Confortin Susana , Antes Danielle , Giehl Maruí , Lopes Marize , Xavier André , D'Orsi Eleonora , Mazo Giovana
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with positive self-perceived health of octogenarians participating in community groups in the city of Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 343 older adult individuals aged 80 years or older, of both sexes, participating in community groups. A questionnaire was applied through a face-to-face interview, including socio-demographic and economic data, self-reported health status, falls, lifestyle and leisure domain from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Poisson regression was used to identify the factors associated with positive self-perceived health, adjusted for socio-demographic, economic, behavioral, health condition and fall variables. The prevalence of positive self-perceived health among octogenarians was 49.0% (95%CI=44.0-54.0). The factors associated with positive self-perceived health were as follows: to receive a monthly income higher than six minimum wages (PR=1.39; 95%CI=0.91-2.11), to smoke currently (PR=1.75; 95%CI=1.25-2.46), to be physically active during leisure time (PR=1.33; 95%CI=1.06-1.67), to have arthritis or rheumatism (PR=0.55; 95%CI=0.37-0.80), diabetes (PR=0.54; 95%CI=0.37-0.79) and cardiovascular disease (OR=0.71; 95%CI=0.53-0.95), apart from using medications (PR=0.74; 95%CI=0.60-0.91). Thus, it could be concluded that some modifiable factors were identified, such as income, smoking, leisure physical activity, and use of medications, which can interfere with the positive self-perceived health of octogenarians participating in community groups.
Atividade física em acadêmicos de Educação Física: um estudo longitudinal
Authors: Santos Tiago , Leão Otávio , Leite Jayne , Silva Marcelo
Published: March 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a prática de atividades físicas e os fatores a ela associados em estudantes de Educação Física. Estudo longitudinal realizado com acadêmicos de uma Universidade Federal do sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados 81 estudantes dos cursos de licenciatura e bacharelado os quais responderam um questionário padronizado aplicado em dois períodos: início da graduação (2014) e início do segundo ano de curso (2015). O instrumento abordou questões sobre dados sociodemográficos, comportamentais e nutricional. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado nos domínios lazer e deslocamento através do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) versão longa. A análise estatística utilizou teste de qui-quadrado para comparação de proporções e teste de McNemar para dados pareados. A amostra apresentou maior frequência de ativos entre os indivíduos do sexo masculino, solteiros e não fumantes. Não houve diferença significativa de ativos entre cursos e entre os períodos avaliados. O período de um ano após o ingresso na universidade não mostrou diferenças na prática de atividade física, no entanto as baixas prevalências no domínio do lazer alertam para uma continuidade no acompanhamento, visto que esses indivíduos, além de se beneficiarem deste comportamento saudável, serão futuros disseminadores do mesmo.
Prevalência e fatores associados a dependência funcional em idosos longevos
Authors: Bortoluzzi Emanuelly , Doring Marlene , Portella Marilene , Cavalcanti Gustavo , Mascarelo Andréia , Dellani Marcos
Published: March 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados a dependência funcional de idosos longevos residentes em municípios de pequeno porte. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com idosos de 80 anos e mais, recorte dos estudos sobre as condições de saúde de idosos dos municípios de Coxilha-RS e Estação-RS. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário adaptado da pesquisa Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE). Participaram 77 idosos longevos (63,3% mulheres). A prevalência de dependência funcional foi 26% (IC95% 16,8-36,4) e dentre as atividades básicas da vida diária (ABVD) deitar e levantar da cama (31,6%) e locomover-se (31,2%) representaram a maior frequência de dependência. Na análise de regressão multivariada mostraram-se associadas à dependência funcional a autopercepção de saúde negativa (RP= 1,20; IC95% 1,05-1,37), não praticar atividade física (RP= 1,20; IC95% 1,05-1,36) e possuir três ou mais doenças crônicas (RP= 1,24; IC95% 1,08-1,41). Nesse sentido, observamos que os idosos longevos com a condição de dependência possuem como razão de prevalência fatores passíveis de prevenção, e sobretudo que essa condição é evitável ou possível de ser postergada.
Assessment and treatment options for patients with constipation
Authors: Bardsley Alison
Published: March 2017

Constipation is a common complaint for people of all ages, with prevalence increasing with age and during pregnancy. Women are more likely to be affected than men. Severity of constipation varies from person to person; most people experience short periods of constipation during their lives, including possibly after surgery, while others have constipation as a chronic long-term condition that can significantly affect their quality of life. There are a number of factors that can contribute to developing constipation including diets low in fibre, changes in lifestyle, side effects of certain medications and low fluid intake. People can successfully treat constipation by making changes to their diet and lifestyle. However, medication may be required to manage constipation for some.
Children and young people with diabetes: recognition and management
Authors: Hamilton Hamish , Knudsen Grace , Vaina Camelia Laura , Smith Michelle , Paul Siba Prosad
Published: March 2017

Diabetes mellitus (type 1) is an autoimmune condition leading to absolute insulin deficiency resulting in hyperglycaemia and its associated manifestations. It is the most common type of diabetes seen in children, characterised by the 4Ts (toilet, thinner, thirsty, tired). The signs and symptoms can sometimes be non-specific and a delay or missed diagnosis may be catastrophic to the health of the child. Children with an established diagnosis of diabetes often present to the health service with issues such as hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia, or diabetic ketoacidosis. The condition requires life-long monitoring and strict control of blood glucose levels with insulin replacement therapy, with the aim of achieving an HbA1c level of 48 mmol/mol. There are often physical and psychosocial issues that arise from the diagnosis leading to poor control. Nurses working in different clinical settings play a vital role in raising suspicions of diabetes leading to timely diagnosis and rapid initiation of treatment. They are best placed to provide essential support in helping children and their families to come to terms with the diagnosis, as well as manage this chronic condition by addressing the common issues that arise in the ongoing management, with a particular emphasis on managing the various day-to-day challenges. Two case studies are included to highlight some of the challenges that nurses may encounter while managing children with diabetes.
From staff nurse to nurse consultant - Clinical leadership part 12: series summary
Authors: Fowler John
Published: March 2017

John Fowler, independent education consultant, summarises his series which has explored the importance of leadership for clinically based nurses
Secure storage of exams
Authors: Chima Jugjit
Published: March 2017

There are strict regulations around the receiving and storing of examination materials. Jugjit Chima looks at the requirements
How we closed our gap
Authors: Denton Phil
Published: March 2017

We're all focused on narrowing the gap. School leader Phil Denton explains some of the strategies and approaches that have proved successful at his school
Plan the year ahead
Authors: Clay Bridget
Published: March 2017

Are you planning your school's CPD programme? Bridget Clay advises how to structure and focus CPD for optimal effect
O ensino do jornalismo em tempos de mudança ou como a Universidade deve suplantar o Super-Homem
Authors: Figueira João
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo parte dos contextos em que o jornalismo é hoje exercido, com os seus dilemas e ambiguidades, para problematizar o ensino de uma prática profissional em mudança e em erosão. Como ensinar e credibilizar o ensino do jornalismo, se o seu exercício é tão fugidio? A resposta que aqui se procura dar vai no sentido de defender o papel da Universidade como referência na prática do jornalismo.
Repensar o papel da literatura e do jornalismo no século XXI: a reportagem jornalística no centro das humanidades digitais
Authors: Correia João Carlos
Published: March 2017

Ao longo deste trabalho, analisamos, desde o século XIX, a natureza flutuante da relação entre jornalismo e outras artes, incluindo a literatura. O principal objetivo é expor como esta oscilação não é uma ameaça para ambas as formas narrativas, mas sim uma contribuição para o seu enriquecimento mútuo. Neste sentido, considera-se que é necessário que a Universidade tenha em conta, experimentalmente, a narrativa jornalística, considerando as possibilidades de interface que ele tem com a literatura e as artes em geral, particularmente no contexto específico do ambiente digital.
International Currency Counterfeiting Schemes in Interwar West Africa
Authors: Feingold Ellen R.
Published: March 2017

During the interwar period, international counterfeiting schemes originating in West Africa presented a new threat to British colonial and national currencies. This new pattern of criminality relied upon international commercial relationships that were enabled by the colonial monetary system set up by the British in the early twentieth century. Through the analysis of three cases, this article argues that colonial authorities not only regarded the schemes as a risk to the currency system, but also sought to combat them because they presented a new challenge to British law enforcement in the colonies, set off disputes between national and imperial institutions in London, and required the British to collaborate with other nations to thwart. These schemes demonstrate that although colonial coins and banknotes—and definitions of legality and illegality in relation to them—supported imperial economic aims in West Africa, colonial currencies also enabled Africans to establish global connections that had the potential to undermine British colonial authority.
The Firm as an Enterprise Entity and the Tax Avoidance Conundrum: Perspectives from Accounting Theory and Policy
Authors: Biondi Yuri
Published: March 2017

Notwithstanding its political dimension, international tax avoidance is also the result of a regulatory process that makes reference to overarching concepts and representations. The current debate is featured by two overarching principles of ‘negative’ and ‘positive’ taxation under the law: the one arguing for the right to minimise the tax payment, the other one for the duty to pay a fair tax amount. This debate is further featured by two distinctive approaches to tax base determination: the market basis coupled with the legal person basis, and the economic substance basis. The economic substance approach argues that the received approach grapples with economic reality featured by integrated transnational corporate groups. These groups operate across jurisdictions and have the capacity to reshape their legal-economic structuring to obtain specific tax results. An adequate response urges then to consider these groups through consolidated report (unitary approach), allocating their consolidated result to involved jurisdictions through formulary apportionment. This unitary approach is upheld by recent advances by the theory of the firm as enterprise entity, which combines law and economics with accounting. The business firm is then understood as a specific economic coordination backed by its institutional structure of production, including its accounting system. This theoretical consistency is appealing and deserves further investigation, including to foster cross-fertilisation and harmonisation of financial and tax accounting systems. But it does not imply a straightforward claim to adopt current international accounting standards for tax purposes. International accounting standards-making has been formally disconnected by national jurisdictions, it currently excludes public policy concerns, and it may be substantially unable to avoid the very same ‘specifications’ on the letter of the law that have been already paving the way to loopholes and structuring opportunities in tax regulation.