bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Space Exploration and Fire Technology at Southwest Research Institute—Learning from the Past and Preparing for the Future
Authors: Downing Walter D.
Published: September 2016

Tragedies involving fires, explosions, or heat-induced structural failures are among the leading causes of property loss, injuries, and deaths in space travel. The risk is acute in oxygen-enriched environments or where other oxidizers are present. Working with the National Air and Space Administration's (NASA) space program since the agency's inception in 1958, staff have collaborated in the testing, research, and development resulting from the Apollo 1, Challenger, and Columbia accidents. Expertise has developed from conducting extensive programs dedicated to fire research and testing. Specialized staff perform fire resistance testing, material flammability testing, and research in fire technology on a wide range of projects supporting the engineering development of materials performance standards, materials certification, and product development. With the retirement of the shuttle fleet, NASA has shifted its focus toward the development of technologies and capabilities to carry humans beyond low-Earth-orbit (LEO), with an emphasis on lightweight materials to reduce costs. This requirement drives greater use of composites and synthetic materials whose fire resistance, flammability, smoke, and toxicity characteristics in spaceflight environments and microgravity conditions are not as well-known as more conventional materials. Consequently, there is a need to conduct fire research under microgravity conditions and atmospheric environments more closely representing spacecraft. Opinions expressed in this paper are the views of Southwest Research Institute.
Determination of Young's Modulus Under Conditions of Relaxation
Authors: Fenn R. W.
Published: September 2016

Equipment for the determination of Young's modulus is described, and methods for obtaining improved axial alignment are recommended. Statistical analyses show the effect of five methods of gripping specimens on the apparent Young's modulus and the degree of misalignment.
The Effect of Temperature, Frequency, and Grain Size on the Fatigue Properties of High-Purity Aluminum
Authors: Daniels N. H. G. , Dorn J. E.
Published: September 2016

At room temperature the fatigue strength of high-purity aluminum approaches a lower limiting value in accord with the usual observations on nonferrous metals. But at 250 C its fatigue strength continues to decrease abruptly with increasing cycles of stress without exhibiting any trend toward reaching a limiting value even at 107 cycles. Whereas finer grain-sized specimens exhibit higher fatigue strengths at room temperature, grain size has no effect on the fatigue strength at 250 C. Such insensitivity of the fatigue strength to grain size is undoubtedly due to the fact that both grain sizes yield identical structures consisting of extensively disoriented polygonized subgrains which completely obliterate the original grain size following brief cycling at a given stress at 250 C.

Over the limited frequency range (25-1440 cpm) of the experiments, the fatigue strength of high-purity aluminum is insensitive to frequency at room temperature. But above about 150 C, greater numbers of cycles of a given stress can be endured at higher frequencies of test. In this range the number of cycles to failure, N, appears to be related to the temperature, T, frequency, ν, and stress, σ, through a thermal activation energy, ΔH, and the gas constant, R, according to the relationship

N =f (νeΔH/RT, σ)

where f is an experimentally determinable function. Therefore for a given stress the same number of cycles can be endured at the same value of νeΔH/RT higher frequencies of test are therefore equivalent to lower temperatures. Since fatigue fracturing in the higher temperature range probably occurs along polygonized subgrain boundaries, it is not unexpected that the activation energy ΔH was found to be that for dislocation climb processes, namely that for self-diffusion.
Determination of Fatigue-Crack Initiation and Propagation in a Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Clapper Robert B. , Watz J. A.
Published: September 2016

Rotating-beam fatigue tests were carried out on AZ63A-T4 magnesium alloy to determine the initiation and propagation characteristics of a fatigue crack. An electrical-resistance method for measuring cracks nondestructively was developed and is described. No relationship was apparent between life before crack initiation and life after initiation. The fit of the data with Head's formula predicting crack length as a linear function of the number of stress cycles is discussed.
Pit Depth Measurements as a Means of Evaluating the Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum in Sea Water
Authors: Summerson T. J. , Pryor M. J. , Keir D. S. , Hogan R. J.
Published: September 2016

The development of a quantitative method for evaluating the resistance of aluminum to pitting corrosion in sea water is described. The method is based on a statistical treatment of penetrometer measurements of every pit present on test specimens immersed in sea water for periods up to 24 months. Normal frequency distributions were obtained by plotting the frequency of pitting against the square root of the pit depth. Calculations of the mean square root pit depth, the standard deviation, and standard error of the mean square root pit depth are shown. The importance of the mean square root pit depth, the standard deviation, and the frequency of pitting in determining the manner by which pitting corrosion proceeds is discussed.

A sampling procedure method is described wherein quantitative data on the resistance of aluminum to pitting corrosion in sea water can be obtained within useful limits of confidence by statistical analysis of measurements of only a fraction of the total number of pits present.
Prevalência de fatores de risco em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio
Authors: Mathioni Mertins Simone , Loro Marli Maria , Winkelmann Eliane Roseli , Pannebecker Jeferson Minello , Bernat Kolankiewicz Adriane Cristina
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de fatores de risco em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio, internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Coronariana de um hospital da região noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul Brasil.Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado no período compreendido entre 25 de abril a 25 de junho de 2012 com 48 pacientes. As variáveis de interesse para este estudo foram as condições sociodemográficas, dados antropométricos, hábitos alimentares e fatores de risco cardiovascular.Resultados: A idade média foi de 59,9 ± 11,55 anos, com predominância do sexo masculino (81,3%), de cor branca (83,3%), casados (70,8%), ensino fundamental incompleto(72,9%), aposentados (37,5%), renda menor que três salários mínimos (58,3%) e procedentes da região urbana (72,9%). A prevalência dos fatores de risco se distribuiu da seguinte forma: sedentarismo (91,7%), hipertensão arterial sistêmica(63,8%), estresse (50%), circunferência abdominal alterada (50%), história familiar (43,7%), tabagismo (41,7%), sobrepeso (35,5%), obesidade (33,4%), dislipidemia (23%), diabetesmellitus (20,8%) e consumo de álcool (12,5%).Conclusões: Os dados apresentados mostram a elevada prevalência de fatores de risco em pacientes que tiveram infarto agudo do miocárdio e nos direcionam a entender o papel da educação em saúde como estratégia para reduzir as causas de morbimortalidade, além de propor ações de cuidado e autocuidado e mudanças nos hábitos de vida.
Acuerdos de La Habana y territorialidad indígena. Una mirada desde el departamento del Cauca
Authors: Caballero Fula Henry
Published: September 2016

Desde el principio “nada está acordado hasta que todo está acordado”. Al momento, se ha avanzado en la Mesa de La Habana en la resolución de los puntos relacionados con una reforma rural integral, las víctimas, la participación política y la solución al problema de las drogas ilícitas, y se están buscando consensos en los temas de fin del conflicto y mecanismos de refrendación e implementación. Al respecto, este artículo da respuesta desde la lectura de la dinámica del Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca, CRIC, a la pregunta ¿en las negociaciones entre el Estado y la insurgencia será posible reafirmar que las comunidades tendrán el dominio autónomo de sus territorios o que los acuerdos atentan contra su autonomía? Sobre este asunto, el CRIC valora la solución política y plantea que se abre un escenario cuyo desenlace depende, no de los acuerdos mismos sino de la dinámica popular, la cual se expresa principalmente en la Cumbre Agraria y en la capacidad conjunta de decidirse por una apuesta propia, en oposición al modelo rural que propugna el gobierno.El análisis presentado en este artículo sobre los puntos acordados en la Habana indica que hay bastantes amenazas sobre la autonomía y la territorialidad indígena, y que la paz territorial, en este caso, debe ser abordada consensuando desde ya entre Gobierno, FARC y autoridades indígenas.
Territorios para la paz en Colombia: procesos entre la vida y el capital
Authors: Montañez Gómez Gustavo
Published: September 2016

Las posibilidades de paz que se abren a partir de los diálogos y los avances significativos, con la firma de los primeros acuerdos de cese bilateral al fuego entre el gobierno colombiano y las FARC, se convierten en una excepcional oportunidad para repensar y reemprender la construcción de la nación colombiana sobre bases territoriales más genuinas, auténticas y pertinentes. Este texto desarrolla varios ejes de reflexión. Primero, todavía no existe en el Estado una comprensión a fondo de la complejidad de la cuestión territorial y su relación con las políticas sectoriales; segundo, muchas políticas nacionales y procesos sociales desencadenan procesos altamente complejos, frente a los cuales los planes de ordenamiento territorial resultan apenas caricaturas de regulación territorial y se convierten a menudo en instrumentos funcionales a las dinámicas que hegemonizan aquellos procesos; tercero, en el marco de guerra los intentos de regulación de las dinámicas territoriales resultan precarios; y cuarto, en medio todas estas dificultades emerge un escenario contradictorio para el desarrollo de las políticas y las dinámicas territoriales que contribuyan a construir un proyecto consolidado de nación.
Ordenamiento territorial en Colombia: violencias, guerra y resistencias
Authors: Florez Gil Rodríguez Ruíz David Javier
Published: September 2016

En el marco de las negociaciones de paz entre el gobierno nacional y las guerrillas de las FARC, es necesario plantear la ampliación de la democracia por medio de los mecanismos de ordenamiento y planificación territorial. La paz solo puede consolidarse por medio de la participación política de todos los actores, especialmente aquellos que han sido excluidos. Las razones del conflicto armado en Colombia se deben a las luchas por la tenencia de la tierra y la representación política, por lo tanto, la paz debe ser agenciada desde los territorios y las comunidades afectadas por el conflicto, las cuales tienen la capacidad de construir un nuevo ordenamiento basado en la esperanza y la reconciliación.
Postacuerdo y gestión territorial
Authors: Rojas Naranjo Jorge Eliecer
Published: September 2016

Las dinámicas territoriales pueden ser entendidas como una relación dialéctica entre el modelo de ocupación y el modelo de desarrollo que hacen parte del proceso institucional de gestión territorial. Este proceso está caracterizado por una presencia diferenciada del Estado y por las acciones de grupos con intereses, estrategias y fuerzas heterogéneas que configuran un escenario de asimetría de poderes, lo cual, ha llevado a la permanencia de conflictos territoriales, ambientales, sociales y económicas que son, al mismo tiempo, causa y efecto del conflicto armado. La firma del acuerdo de paz con las guerrillas representa una oportunidad para resolver las problemáticas del país y garantizar el cumplimiento de los objetivos del proceso de gestión territorial. El documento analiza los impactos en la resolución de los conflictos del país derivados de la terminación del conflicto armado. Se presentan algunas lecturas teóricas heterodoxas y algunas alternativas de acción para la construcción de paz del acuerdo.
POR UMA PEDAGOGIA DA CIDADE: ESPAÇOS, PRÁTICAS E SENSIBILIDADES
Authors: Medeiros Neta Olivia Morais
Published: September 2016

As cidades educam? Existe uma pedagogia da cidade? A partir dessas indagações objetivamos pensar uma pedagogia da cidade. Para tanto, realizamos um exercício teórico de demarcar um entendimento à pedagogia da cidade, tomando como inspiração a obra As cidades invisíveis, de Ítalo Calvino. Pelos relatos e os modelos de cidades constituímos possibilidades de leitura à pedagogia da cidade a partir das dimensões do estilo de vida urbano, do aprendizado do direito à cidade, das funções pedagógicas da cidade, da hermenêutica urbana e de uma postura sensível frente ao urbano.
EXPERIENCIAS ESCOLARES PARA A INFANCIA DESVALIDA – BRASIL IMPERIAL (1822-1889)
Authors: Stamatto Maria Inês Sucupira
Published: September 2016

Abordam-se, neste texto, experiências escolares para a infância desvalida no Brasil Imperial. A partir do estabelecimento do Código Criminal em 1830, que fez parte do conjunto de leis que primeiramente organizaram a estrutura administrativa do Estado brasileiro, passou-se a tratar os indivíduos menores de 14 anos que não estavam sob os cuidados de suas famílias, em categorias distintas: órfãos, infratores, abandonados e desvalidos. Para as crianças desvalidas, aquelas em que a família atestasse pobreza, ou que tivessem sido criadas por instituições de caridade, foram instauradas dois tipos de estabelecimentos educacionais, de caráter profissionalizante, as Escolas de Educandos Artífices e as Companhias de Aprendizes Artífices, para a carreira militar. Essas escolas também podiam aceitar órfãos designados pelo Juiz de Órfãos. Porém, a maior parte dessas escolas existiu por períodos efêmeros. Aquela instalada na capital da província do Rio Grande do Norte, por exemplo, durou apenas quatro anos, de 1858 a 1862.
O MOVIMENTO DA ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA E SUAS DIRETRIZES EDUCATIVAS
Authors: Oliveira Alysson André Regis , Paiva Marlúcia Menezes
Published: September 2016

Quais as diretrizes educativas do Movimento de Economia Solidária? Existe um princípio educativo emancipador? A partir dessas indagações objetivamos elaborar uma discussão teórica sobre o princípio educativo que escolhemos para realizar esta reflexão sobre as bases da política pública de educação do movimento de economia solidária. Desta forma, comungamos do entendimento da formação em economia solidária como uma construção social inerente aos processos de trabalho autogestionários, como elemento fundamental para viabilizar as iniciativas econômicas, para a ampliação da cidadania ativa e do processo democrático, como um movimento cultural e ético de transformação das relações sociais e intersubjetivas como base de um novo modelo de desenvolvimento, reconhecendo a centralidade do trabalho na construção do conhecimento técnico e social, articulando o trabalho e a educação na perspectiva da promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável e orientando ações políticas, culturais e pedagógicas autogestionárias e solidárias.
LA PEDAGOGÍA SOCIAL: UNA DISCIPLINA BÁSICA EN LA SOCIEDAD ACTUAL
Authors: Mendizabal Mª Rosario Limón
Published: September 2016

La Pedagogía Social es una  importante área de especialización educativa en las Universidades Europeas y de creciente implantación y desarrollo en las Universidades Latinoamericanas y también es  un campo de actividad profesional de los educadores y pedagogos sociales, necesario en la sociedad actual, demasiado compleja y poliédrica. El artículo describe las etapas de su desarrollo como disciplina científica así como las diversas concepciones de esta, con especial referencia al pensamiento del profesorado universitario de Pedagogía Social de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
LA INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE GERONTOLOGÍA EDUCATIVA EN ESPAÑA. ANÁLISIS A TRAVÉS DE LAS REVISTAS ESPAÑOLAS DE EDUCACIÓN INCLUIDAS EN EL JCR
Authors: Belando-Montoro María R.
Published: September 2016

Este trabalho faz uma análise dos artigos sobre gerontologia educacional publicada nas revistas educacionais espanhóis (incluído no Journal Citation Report), com o objetivo de fornecer uma visão diacrónica da produtividade científica sobre esta área entre 2000 e 2014 e descrevem uma panorama da gerontologia educacional através de análise quantitativa e qualitativa de uma série de variáveis. Os resultados mostram que a literatura sobre gerontologia educacional não são limitadas a uma área geográfica específica, os autores mostram uma amplitude notável de interesses e há uma ligeira diferença em favor do trabalho feito por mulheres. Entre os pontos fracos incluem baixa produção, baixo grau de multidisciplinaridade nos artigos, a ausência de estudos longitudinais ea co-autoria, há pouca colaboração institucional e geográfica.
ALCANCE SOCIOEDUCATIVO DE LA TEORÍA DE LA INTELIGENCIA UNIDIVERSA
Authors: Martínez-Otero Pérez Valentin
Published: September 2016

En este artículo se presenta la denominada “teoría de la inteligencia unidiversa” en la que se enfatiza que la inteligencia es una facultad unitaria y múltiple. Se consignan los antecedentes y el marco general, así como argumentos de diversa naturaleza que dan robustez a la teoría. Seguidamente, con objeto de ilustrar esta novedosa concepción teórica, se adopta la metáfora del árbol, se muestra su estructura y se describen diversas aptitudes intelectuales interdependientes. Desde la óptica educativa, el reconocimiento de la unidiversidad intelectual implica además el compromiso de desplegar la inteligencia básica en cada alumno a la vez que se atiende su singularidad aptitudinal, de modo que se despierten sus potencialidades y se compensen sus limitaciones.
Visi Kosmopolitanisme Islam di Lingkungan Jaringan Intelektual Muda Muhammadiyah
Authors: Bachtiar Hasnan , Fadly Haeri , Nurhakim Moh.
Published: September 2016

This paper tries to diagnose the vision of Islamic Cosmopolitanism toward the circle of Young Intellectual Muhammadiyah Network (JIMM). Through the perspective of social diagnose of the tradition of Mannhemian sociology of knowledge, it finds that JIMM has their own intellectual stand amongst some humanity discourses and ideas such pluralism, multiculturalism, bhinneka nationalism and cosmopolitanism. Elaborations among these discourses and ideas are played in order to serve the sense of social justice and humanity, as well as human dignity in the world. These elaborations are dakwah efforts that want to be a winner in the midst of global civilization constellation. However, in these attitudes, JIMM has foundation of thought which is interpreted into three ways, are: progressive Islam, social liberation, and historical activism. In dealing with very different context of Muslim societies in the contemporary time, Islamic Cosmopolitanism of JIMM attempts to fulfill their mission through the agenda of internationalization Islam berkemajuan and Indonesian Islam.
System to measure three-dimensional movements in physical models
Authors: Le B. T. , Nadimi S. , Goodey R. J. , Taylor R. N.
Published: September 2016

A newly developed imaging system is presented, which measures three-dimensional (3D) deformations of a soil surface in geotechnical experiments involving physical modelling. The method adopts the computer vision technique ‘structure from motion and multi-view stereo’ delivered by an open-source software MicMac. Three, 2 megapixel industrial cameras were synchronised and used to capture images of a deforming soil surface. The images were used to reconstruct the observed scene to a high-density, accurate 3D point cloud. A new method has been developed to process the obtained 3D point clouds and images to determine the 3D displacement vectors. The procedure is highly automatic which allows large data sets to be processed with minimal manual intervention. Two series of quantification experiments were carried out to assess the performance of the system which has shown the overall accuracy to be within 0·05 mm over a field of view of 500 × 250 mm. An example application is presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the 3D imaging system.
Early detection of first-time slope failures using acoustic emission measurements: large-scale physical modelling
Authors: Smith A. , Dixon N. , Fowmes G. J.
Published: September 2016

Early warning systems for slope instability need to alert users of accelerating slope deformation behaviour to enable safety-critical decisions to be made. This study shows that acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of active waveguides (i.e. a steel tube with a granular backfill surround installed through a slope) can both detect shear surface development and quantify increasing rates of movement during slope failure, thereby providing an early detection of slope instability. A large-scale physical model was designed and built to simulate slope failures on elements of soil, through which full-scale active waveguides were installed. A shear surface develops in each test and the sliding mass accelerates during failure, reaching velocities greater than 300 mm/h and shear deformations of 50 mm. Continuous measurements were obtained to examine the behaviour of active waveguides subjected to first-time slope failure dynamics (i.e. development of new shear surfaces and accelerating deformation behaviour). Comparisons with continuous subsurface deformation measurements show that AE detection began during shear surface formation, and AE rates increased proportionally with displacement rates as failure occurred. Empirical AE rate–slope velocity relationships are presented for three granular backfill types, which demonstrate that generic AE rate–slope velocity relationships can be obtained for groups of backfill types; these relationships allow displacement rates to be quantified from measured AE rates to provide early detection of slope instability.
Dynamic installation, keying and diving of OMNI-Max anchors in clay
Authors: Kim Y. H. , Hossain M. S.
Published: September 2016

OMNI-Max anchors are designed with the aim of diving upon pullout, gaining capacity with increasing pullout distance. However, this diving potential is yet to be confirmed; that is, the critical question to be resolved is whether or not the anchor dives upon pullout and, if so, in what conditions. This paper reports the results from three-dimensional dynamic finite-element analysis undertaken to provide insight into the behaviour of OMNI-Max anchors during pullout in non-homogeneous clay. Large-deformation finite-element (LDFE) analyses were carried out using the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian approach, modifying the simple elastic–perfectly plastic Tresca soil model to allow strain softening, and to incorporate strain-rate dependency of the shear strength. The keying process and diving patterns during anchor pullout revealed three governing factors including: (a) pullout inclination angle; (b) padeye offset ratio; (c) final installation depth. For designing anchors to dive into deeper, it was recommended that the anchor loading angle to the horizontal at the padeye should be 45° or less and the anchor padeye offset ratio should be in the range of 0·25 ∼ 0·53 (offset angle of 14 ∼ 28°).
Methodology of Conducting Physical Training Classes for Primary Schoolers with Impaired Posture
Authors: Спіцин В. В.
Published: September 2016

Research objective: to determine the program content and methodological peculiarities of physical education of primary schoolers with impaired posture during the physical training classes.

Research methods: analysis of scientific, methodological and special literature; definition of physical development and physical preparedness (control tests); pedagogical observation; mathematical and statistical data processing.

Research results. The primary school age being the period of growth and skeletal development, it is very important to pay particular attention to primary schoolers’ correct posture development, as it directly defines the condition of their physical health. Faults in children’s posture are a condition that we can stop from progressing and correct provided that we take prompt preventive measures.

The right use of specially selected complexes of physical exercises, active games and regular workouts at home prove to have improved physical development in children with impaired posture.

Secondary school teachers of physical training can qualitatively manage the process of pupils’ physical education in class by carrying out systematic pedagogical control, using the specific program content and accounting for the methodological peculiarities in the physical education of primary schoolers with impaired posture.
Profile of Fatty Acids, Amino Acids, Carotenoid Total, and α-Tocopherol from Flying Fish Eggs
Authors: Azka Aulia , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Jacoeb Agoes Mardiono
Published: September 2016

Flying fish are found in waters of eastern Indonesia, which until now is still limited information
about nutritional content. The purpose of this research was determine the composition of
fatty acids, amino acids, total carotenoids, α-tocopherol flying fish eggs (Hyrundicthys sp.).
The composition of fatty acid was measured by gas chromatography (GC), while amino acids,
total carotenoids, α-tocopherol was measured by High performanced Liquid Chromatography
(HPLC). Egg contained 22 fatty acids such as saturated fatty acid 29.71%, monounsaturated fatty
acid 7.86%, and polysaturated fatty acid 13.64%. The result showed that eggs flying fish contained
17 amino acids, such as essential amino acid 14.96% and non-essential amino acids 20.27%. Eggs
contained a total carotenoid of 245.37 ppm. α-tocopherol content of flying fish eggs by 1.06 ppm.
Keywords: Amino acids, carotenoid total, fatty acid, flying fish egg, α-tocopherol
Innovation on Street Food Products (Instant Porridge and Cookies) Based on Fortified Patin Fish Protein Concentrate with Red Palm Oil and Encaptulated Oil Fish
Authors: Dewita Dewita , Syahrul Syahrul , Desmelati Desmelati , Lukman Suardi
Published: September 2016

This research aimed to establish innovation on street food (instant porridge and cookies)
from Patin Fish Protein Concentrate fortified by blending red palm oil and encaptulated patin
fish’s oil. The Encaptulation was conducted by blending of red palm oil and patin fish’s oil using
spray dryer. The blending was consisted of three combinations namely 50 : 50 (A1), 40 : 60 (A2)
and 60 : 40 (A3) for ratio between red palm oil and patin fish’s oil. The best combination’s results
was fortified into street food (instant porridge and cookies). The blending was tested by measure
yield, fat and fatty acid profile. Moreover, organoleptics and proximate tests were carrie out for the
best treatment of blending in instant porridge and cookies. The results show that encaptulated
yield reached 55 % that rise from A1 treatment as the best treatment with fat content of 17.26%.
Profile of unsaturated fatty acid especially fatty acid omega 9 from blending fish oil and palm oil
was 59.29%. The number of fatty acid omega 9 was higher than saturated fatty acid which was
18.56%. Furthermore, based on organoleptic tests of instant porridge and cookies using under five
year children respondents, it was proven that 93% of children was like the products. Proximate 

analysis of instant porridge revealed that protein content was 11.04 %, water content was 5.03%,
fat content was 1.92 % and ash was 0.64 %. However, proximate analysis showed that cookies
owned protein of 9.11%, fat of 17.03% , water content was 3.93% and ash of 1.38%.
Keywords : Encaptulated fish, street food, patin fish protein concentrate, palm oil
The Effect of Addition Vitamin E on Catfish Oil Stability
Authors: Kusharto Clara Maria , Srimiati Mia , Tanziha Ikeu , Suseno Sugeng Heri
Published: September 2016

Unsaturated fatty acids contained oils which sensitive to oxidation caused by heat, light and
oxygen. The oxidized oil known harmful to the body. One of the effort to prevent the oxidation
process is by adding antioxidants stability of oil catfish and shelf life of the oil. The experimental
study was applied by adding vitamin E to the oil as much as 0.67 mg / g PUFA compared with the
control oil. Oil was stored with the Schaal Oven Test method, which are stored at a temperature
of 600C. The study showed that, based on the parameters of oxidation (free fatty acids, peroxide
value, anisidin numbers, and the number of total oxidation), catfish oil were added vitamin E
more stabilized than the catfish oil without added vitamin E. The catfish fish oil in the form of soft
gell capsules added vitamin E could maintain stability in appropriate with IFOS up to 23 months.
Keywords: Catfish oil, vitamin E, stability, Schaal Oven Test
Molecular Characteristics of Cytochrome B for Mackerel Barcoding
Authors: Maulid Deden Yusman , Nurilmala Mala , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Maddupa Hawis
Published: September 2016

Cytochrome b (cyt b) is one of the genes in mitochondrial DNA that is often used as a molecular
marker to identify species through DNA Barcoding. The aim of the present study was to investigate the
bioinformatic of cyt b that isolated from mackerel fish. PCR amplification showed the length of DNA cyt
b from king mackerel was 803 bp within purine 312 bp and pyrimidine 491 bp while Korean mackerel 791
bp within purine 316 bp and pyrimidine 475 bp. Phylogenetic analysis showed all sample join in mackerel
groups (Scomberomorus commerson and Scomberomorus koreanus). The Isoelectric point value of cyt b from
king mackerel is 6.38 and molecular weight is 29826.23; Korean mackerel are 8.67 and molecular weight is
29372.77. Hydrophaty plot showed cyt b of mackerel more hydrophobic. Based on 3D modelling both of
them have eight different sections showing by different colors.
Keywords: characteristic molecular, cytochrome b, Mackerel
Optimization Making Glucosamine Hydrochloride (HCl GlcN) of Crab Shell Waste through Chemical Hydrolysis
Authors: Nurjannah Alfiana , Darmanto Darmanto , Wijayanti Ima
Published: September 2016

Processing of glucosamine from crab shell chitin can be done by chemical hydrolysis with hydrochloric
acid (HCl). The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of chitin immersion by various
concentrations of HCL toward glucosamine generated and the selected concentration of HCL to glucosamine
chemical hydrolysis process. The material used in this study is crab shells from Betahwalang village, Demak,
and the solvent is HCl and NaOH. Parameters are glucosamine yield, melting point, loss on drying (LoD),
PH and spectrum analysis with FTIR method. Research using experimental design completely randomized
design three times treatment with repetition. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA)
to determine the differences between treatments concentration of 27%, 32% and 37%. The selected were
tested with honestly significant difference test. The results showed differences in the concentration of HCl
used cause differences in the characteristics of the resulting glucosamine. The higher HCl concentrations
used, the lower the rendemen results and melting point. The selected HCL treatment concentration was at
27% observed from glucosamine yield (18.39%) and the melting point (192-195oC). The treatment of 37%
produces LoD (0.647%), pH (4.01) and spectrum glucosamine is an O-H group (3297.75/cm), the group of
N-H (1617.53/cm), the group of C-N (1394.94/cm).
Keywords: crab shells, chitin, melting point, glucosamine
Applications of the Addition of extract and cinnamon leaf flour in the Diet on the Quality of Meat of Catfish
Authors: Laheng Suardi , Setiawati Mia , Jusadi Dedi , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of extract and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) leaf flour
in the diet in increasing quality of meat of catfish (Pangsianodon hypopthalmus). Catfish with a weight of
319.64 ± 35.99 g/nets reared in 9 nets with dimension 2x1x1,5 m3 at a density of 15 fish/nets for 60 days
of maintenance. The fish were fed with leaves of cinnamon at a dose that was: 0% cinnamon leaf, 0.1%
cinnamon leaf extract, and 1% cinnamon leaf flour. The fish were fed 2 times a day with the feeding rate of
3% of the average weight of the body. The results showed the treatment of leaf extract and flour, cinnamon
capable of decreasing levels of body fat, fat meat by 10,31-12,27%, 37,26-50,23%, respectively, compared to
controls (p<0,05), however, cinnamon leaf extract treatment is more effective in improving the quality of
meat catfish that looks meat texture compact, white flesh color and a slightly sweet taste.
Keywords: cinnamon leaf, meat quality, Pangsianodon hypopthalmus
The Handling System of Product and Existence of Waste Components in Fishing Operation of Tuna in Bitung, North Sulawesi
Authors: Mustaruddin Mustaruddin , Santoso Joko , Baskoro Mulyono
Published: September 2016

Handling in fishing vessel is urgent to maintaining the quality of tuna products, while the existence
of waste components can bother the performance of fishing operations. The aims of this research are to
evaluate the handling system of tuna products in fishing vessel and to analyze the influences of fishing
operation to the existence of waste components. This research methods are no control chart and regression
model approach. Research result shows that the handling system in the fishing operation of tuna in Bitung
is not optimum. But the quality of tuna products which landed is still in controlled as shown by amount
of rejecting products in UCL-LCL range (0 – 3,63 reject products/processing). The influence of amount of
tuna caught per setting (X) to existence of bait waste (Y) formulated with model Y = - 1,176X+37.794, the
influence of amount of tuna products (X) to the existence of ices remained Y) formulated with model Y =
- 0,002X + 62,226, and also the influences of fishing operation which deputized by the amount of ABK (X1)
and number of operating days (X2) to the existence of freshwater remained (Y) formulated with model Y
= 50,000X1-23,704X2+288,889. The significant impacts are only the influence of amount of tuna products
in existence of ices remained (sigh = 0,036) and number of operating days of the existence of freshwater
remained (sigh = 0,037).
Keywords: Bitung, waste components, handling system, tuna
Characterization and Photoprotector Activity of Endophytic Fungal Pigments from Coastal Plant Sarang Semut (Hydnophytum formicarum)
Authors: Sibero Mada Triandala , Tarman Kustiariyah , Hanif Novriyandi
Published: September 2016

Endophytic fungus RS3 isolated from coastal plant sarang semut (Hydnophytum formicarum) produced extracellular black pigment. The aims of this research were to obtain the pigment, to characterize and to determine the photoprotector activity. This research was conducted into several steps, that were determination of the best precipitating agent, characterization using instrument and solubility analysis, and analysis of Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Results showed the pigment was precipitated using acid solvent with pH ≤ 2.5. Functional groups of pigment were hydroxyl, aromatic ring, phenol and amine. According to its characteristics, black pigment produced by RS3 isolate was proposed as melanin. The photoprotector analysis showed the SPF value was 11.33.
Evaluation of Physicochemical Characteristics of Hot-Smoked River Catfish Prepared from Fresh and Frozen Raws
Authors: Hasan Bustari , Desmelati Desmelati , Iriani Dian , Sumarto Sumarto , Sahyudi Sahyudi
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate physicochemical characteristics of hotsmoked catfish from fresh
and frozen fish. River catfish samples (Hemibagrus nemurus Valenciennes, 1840), 240-270 gram in weight
were taken from catfish cage culture in Sungai Paku, Riau. A total fish samples (120 fishes) were grouped
into 4 batches, each batch consisted of 30 fish (15 fillets and 15 butterfly like cuts). One batch was smoked
fresh and the other 3 batches were smoked after being frozen at -18oC for 10, 20 and 30 days respectively.
Before smoked, the fish samples were analyzed for proximate composition and water holding capacity; and
after smoked, the fish samples were determined for smoking yield, proximate composition and sensory
quality. Moisture, fat and protein composition of fish was not different between fresh raw and frozen for
10, 20 and 30 days (P>0.05), however, water holding capacity was higher for fresh than frozen fish; and
the value decreased as the longer the frozen storage (P<0.05). Smoking yield correlated stronger to water
holding capacity (r=0.59) than to moisture (r=0.01), fat (r=0.16) and protein (r=0.02) composition of the
raw. Moisture, fat and protein of smoked fish was lower for smoked fish prepared from frozen fish than that
for fresh fish (P<0,05); and the values decreased as the longer the frozen storage. Moisture, fat and protein
loss during smoking was higher for smoked fish prepared from frozen fish than that for fresh fish, except
for that frozen for 10 days. Overall, sensory values of smoked fish from frozen fish were lower than that for
fresh fish (P<0,05); however, flavor and odor values were not different between smoked fish from fish frozen
for 10 days and fresh fish (P>0,05).
Screening and Production of Antibacterial from Lactobacillus plantarum NS(9) Isolated from Nile Tilapia Bekasam
Authors: Desniar Desniar , Setyaningsih Iriani , Purnama Yoga Indra
Published: September 2016

Lactic acid bacteria has been used as biopreservatif becouse produce a number of antibacterial
substances are safety and has inhibitory activity against enteropatogenic bacteria. The aims of this study
were to screen of antibacterial compounds produced by Lactobacillus plantarum NS (9) and to produce
their antibacterial compounds. The research was devided into two stages. In the first stage was L. plantarum
NS (9) inoculated at 37°C, for 24 hours in semi-anaerobic conditions. The cell-free supertnatant was given
three treatment, ie not neutralized (A), neutralized (pH 7) (N), and precipitated with ammonium sulfate
50% (P). This three supernatant was assayed their antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. typhimurium
ATCC 14028, S. aureus, B. cereus and L. monocytogenes using the agar well diffusion method. In the second
stage, production of antibacterial compound was L. plantarum NS (9) inoculated at 37°C, for 24 hours
in semi-anaerobic conditions. The Dencity Optical, value pH, acid total and antibacterial activity were
measured every three hours during growth of bacteria. The results of the antibacterial screening showed
that L. plantarum NS (9) produced inhibitory zone againts the five indicator bacteria from a supernatant,
whereas N and P supernatant were not produced inhibitory zone. This result indicated that inhibition activity of L. plantarum (NS 9) was caused by the lower pH of supernatant. The antibacterial compouds were
produced at 6 hours of incubation and were increased to simultaneously with increasing of bacteria growth.
The highest antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. cereus and L.monocytogenes were produced at the end
of the exponential growth phase (12 -15 hours incubation) while against S. aureus and S. typhimurium
ATCC 14028 at 21 and 24 hour of incubation, respectively. The antibacterial activity also was increased to
simultaniously with increasing of acid total (1.350 to 4.050%) and decreasing of pH value (6-4) during
growth of bacteria.
Extraction Optimization and Characterization of Collagen from Yellow Pike Conger Swimbladder with Acid-Hydro-Exctraction Method
Authors: Djailani Fernandy , Trilaksani Wini , |Nurhayati Tati
Published: September 2016

Swim bladder is one of marine potential byproducts for alternative source of collagen. This study aimed to optimize hydro-extraction and characterized collagen. Extraction optimization of collagen was determined using Box-behnken design response surface method with three variables: CH3 COOH concentration, soaking time and extraction time to yield response. Hydro-extraction collagen was characterization based on the amino acid content, SDS-PAGE, FT-IR and DSC. Acording to the result, the concentration had significantly influence yield. Optimum extraction conditions were variable combinations of acetic acid concentration of 0.1 M, for 1 h and hydro-extraction time of 1 h to produce the highest yield 63.35%. collagen was classified as type I collagen by amino acid content, electrophoresis patterns and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The glass transition of collagen was 67.23o C, showed high thermal stability that can be applied to the cosmetics industry and nutraceutical.
Characteristics of Amino Acid, Fatty Acid and Mineral of Sea Hare
Authors: Manulang Benny , Purwaningsih Sri , Azrifitria Azrifitria
Published: September 2016

Dolabella auricularia are found in the waters of Indo - Pacific and has active compound in health, which until now is still limited information about nutritional content from sea hare. The aim of this research were to determine morphometric and chemical characteristic D. auricularia which includes the proximate, amino acids, fatty acids and minerals. The composition of fatty acid were measured by gas chromatography (GC), amino acids were measured by high performanced liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mineral was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The sea hare contained 9 essential amino acids and 6 non essential amino acids. The highest essential amino acid was arginine (1.61%) while the highest non essential amino acids was glycine (3.02%). Sea hare contained 26 fatty acids such as saturated fatty acids 5.33%, monounsaturated fatty acids 2.11% and polyunsaturated fatty acids 4.10%. The high mineral was calcium 68100 mg/kg.
Assessment of clinical trials registered at clinical trial registry of India over past decade: an audit
Authors: Bhide Shruti S , Tadvi Firoz , Maurya Mitesh , Bhojne Sunil , Chandrakar Pragya
Published: September 2016

Background: Clinical trial registry of India (CTRI) was launched in 2007. In this audit we attempted to assess the clinical research scenario over the past decade by looking at the information about clinical studies registered at the CTRI from 2007 to 2016.

Methods: We accessed the official website of the CTRI i.e. www.ctri.nic.in and the required information was downloaded and descriptive statistics were used.

Results: We found that the number of studies went on increasing from 31 in 2007 to 7060 in 2016 (as on 22nd June 2016). Majority studies were of interventional in nature as compared to observational and bioavailability and bioequivalence (BABE) studies. Pharmaceutical industry sponsored studies were comparatively higher in number than any other sponsored studies. However their number went on decreasing, while increase in registration of post graduate thesis and investigator sponsored studies was observed.

Conclusions: Though a decrease in Pharmaceutical industry sponsored studies was observed the overall clinical research scenario appears to have improved due to investigator initiated studies and post graduate thesis.
Lower periorbital area treatment with Restylane Vital Skinbooster
Authors: Valente Denis Souto , Zanella Rafaela Koehler , Preto Neto Ângelo Syrillo , Valente Sibelie Souto , Laranjeira Felipe
Published: September 2016

Facial aging along the periocular area has led to the development of new non-surgical therapies. The lower periorbital area is a vital region for facial rejuvenation and several procedures have been studied to treat it, especially procedures with dermal fillers for volume rebuilding. This manuscript aims to describe a filling technique with hyaluronic acid (HA) along the superficial layer of the lower periorbital area, presenting its effectiveness and safety. Our assessment was made by autonomous observers with pictures of before and after treatment, rated from 0 (no enhancement) to 100 (maximum enhancement). Patients’ self-assessment was also performed using a visual analog scale (VAS) based on a 100-mm ruler affording a 0–100 rating. Thirty patients were enrolled in this study. The autonomous observers’ evaluation presented a 78.4 mean improvement rate. Patients’ self-assessments after the treatment were 0% reporting no improvement, 6.7% mild improvement, 23.3% moderate improvement, 66.7% great improvement, and 3.3% maximum improvement. Restylane Vital Skinbooster infiltration at the lower periorbital area proved to be a safe treatment. The described technique is also simple to execute, has a low rate of complications, and produces a high satisfaction rate.
Dermoscopy of a non-pigmented eccrine poroma
Authors: De Diego Maria Clara , Ruiz Beguerie Julieta
Published: September 2016

Eccrine poroma is a benign adnexal tumor arising from cells of the outer layer of the acrosyringium and upper dermal eccrine duct. It generally appears as a solitary, slow growing, sessile, pink-to-red and well-circumscribed papule, plaque or nodule. It is usually located on the palms and soles but it may also develop on other locations. Its clinical appearance can resemble other types of tumors such as hypo- or amelanotic melanoma. Dermoscopy has  improved the evaluation of skin tumors. In the case of eccrine poroma, there are some studies that have described its dermoscopic findings. These mainly focus on its vascular structures. We present an 82-year-old patient who developed a 2×3-cm eccrine poroma on his lower back. Dermoscopy demonstrated the presence of a polymorphous vascular pattern displaying mostly linear looped (irregular hairpin-like) and “leaf-flower-like” vessels (“cherry-blossom” and “chalice-like”), with some resembling “cactus-like” structures. Only a few linear coiled (glomerular) and linear helical (corkscrew) vessels were observed. Some of these vascular structures were surrounded by a whitish-to-pink halo. Moreover, some pink structureless areas were present. We highlight the finding of the “leaf-flower-like” vessels, as these are vascular structures that have not been described in other types of skin tumors.
Intra-Urban Mobility in the Estimation of Risk Scenarios by BTEX Emissions
Authors: Garcia-Zarate Marco Antonio , Arellano-García María Evarista , Villada Canela Mariana , Aceves-Calderon Patricia , Ruiz-Arellano Ana Erika , Von- Glascoe Christine Alysse , Arredondo Garcia M. C.
Published: September 2016

The population’s mobility in urban areas is a necessary variable in the modeling of risk scenarios caused by atmospheric contamination. The inclusion of this concept makes static models more dynamic while considering people within a city to be an entity with complex mobility processes. We propose a conceptual and methodological tool to make the representation of the social, economic and territorial components, as well as the patterns in the population´s mobility to delimitate risk areas for human health by exposure of contaminants. In the volatile organic compounds (VOC), benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylene (BTEX) are amongst the most dominant substances in fugitive vapor emissions in gas stations (GS). In urban areas, the exposure to BTEX by residential proximity and proximity to other facilities, which cause intra-urban agglomeration, can impact and affect human health. This model seeks to facilitate the focalization, identification and prioritization of risk areas by BTEX environmental contamination. This article goes beyond de conceptual framework. It suggests methodological and instrumental aspects to be applied in other cities. The government agencies must consider these results when establishing rules, permissions and procedures to reduce environmental pollution for managing the risk in a complex urban environment.