bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Should the webspaces be a review area for Mortons neuroma on computed tomographies performed for metatarsalgia?
Authors: Azzopardi Christine , Smith Emily , Kho James , James Steven , Botchu Rajesh
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Morton’s neuroma-bursal complex (MNBC) is a common cause of metatarsalgia which is usually investigated with ultrasound. Patients presenting with metatarsalgia may also have computed tomography (CT) as part of their investigation to look for alternative causes such as stress fracture. Although CT is considered to be of most use in assessing the bones in this scenario, the soft tissues can also be reviewed. This study analyses whether MNBC can reliably be detected on CT in patients presenting with metatarsalgia.

Material and methods

43 cases were identified on the Radiology Information System where both CT and ultrasound had been undertaken to assess for metatarsalgia. Two blinded consultant musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively reviewed the CTs to determine the presence or absence of MNBC and this was compared to the ultrasound reports.

Results

There was a mean sensitivity of 45.5% and mean specificity of 62.5%. Mean accuracy was 52.3% and Youden’s index was 0.080. There was fair agreement between the two reviewers with Cohen’s κ of 0.62.

Conclusions

Sensitivity and specificity of CT for MNBC are poor. CT should not be used as an isolated modality to make a definite diagnosis regarding the presence or absence of a MNBC.
Imaging after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy – literature review with practical recommendations
Authors: Deręgowska-Cylke Małgorzata , Palczewski Piotr , Cylke Radosław , Ziemiański Paweł , Lisik Wojciech , Gołębiowski Marek
Published: July 2021

In the XXI century obesity has become one of the most demanding epidemiological threats worldwide. At the same time, bariatric surgery has established itself as an effective treatment for morbidly obese patients, with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) emerging as the most popular bariatric procedure. This paper reviews the role of imaging studies of patients after LSG. Computed tomography is widely considered as the method of choice in detection of complications in early postoperative period. The dynamic character of upper gastrointestinal examination allows for the assessment of passage through the gastric remnant. The paper also discusses evaluation of the shape and volume of the gastric remnant assessed by imaging studies.
Imaging features of fungal pneumonia in haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients
Authors: W. Revels Jonathan , A. Fadl Shaimaa , S. Wang Sherry , Ladumor Heta , Xu Haodong , Kicska Gregory
Published: July 2021

Patients who have received haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have a high rate of pulmonary complications, and in this immunosuppressed population, fungal pneumonia is of great concern. Fungal pneumonia can have a similar appearance to non-infectious pulmonary processes in HSCT patients, and radiologists should be familiar with the subtle features that may help to differentiate these disease entities. The focus of this article is on the diagnosis of fungal pneumonia in HSCT patients with an emphasis on radiologists’ roles in establishing the diagnosis of fungal pneumonia and the guidance of clinical management.
The prognostic significance of large vessel occlusion in stroke patients treated by intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: M. Derbisz Justyna , Wnuk Marcin , Popiela Tadeusz , Jagiełła Jeremiasz , Pułyk Roman , Słowik Joanna , Dziedzic Tomasz , Turaj Wojciech , Słowik Agnieszka
Published: July 2021

Introduction

According to guidelines, to shorten the treatment window, acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) treatment by intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) can be done based on the results of head computed tomography (CT) without contrast. The impact of large vessel occlusion (LVO) on computed tomography angiography (CTA) in stroke prognosis in patients treated IVT or IVT and mechanical thrombectomy (MT), where indicated, has not yet been studied systema­tically. We investigated the influence of LVO in consecutive AIS patients on haemorrhagic transformation (HT) on CT 24 h after treatment, mRS < 2 on discharge (unfavourable outcome), and in-hospital mortality.

Material and methods

We analysed several parameters within 24 h after AIS: demographics, risk factors, mRS score pre-stroke, NIHSS upon admission and 24 h later, several clinical and biochemical parameters, and chronic treatment.

Results

We registered 1209 patients, of whom 362 (29.9%) received IVT and 108 had MT, where indicated. Admission CTA showed LVO in 197 patients (54.4%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the presence of LVO and lower delta NIHSS (NIHSS on admission minus NIHSS 24 hours later) were independent parameters affecting HT risk. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence LVO and also older age, female sex, lower delta NIHSS, HT, stroke-associated infection, CRP levels ≥ 10 mg/L, and higher WBC count affected unfavourable outcome on discharge. LVO did not affect in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions

LVO in AIS patients treated by IVT or IVT and MT affects the risk of HT and unfavourable short-term outcome but not in-hospital mortality.
Invasive lobular carcinoma mammographic findings: correlation with age, breast composition, and tumour size
Authors: Tagliati Corrado , Cerimele Federico , Di Martino Antonietta , Capone Fabrizio , Di Matteo Marialuisa , Caputo Nevia , Lucidi Pressanti Gabriella , Mingliang Ying , Baldassarre Silvia , Giovagnoni Andrea , Marco Giuseppetti Gian
Published: July 2021

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate mammographic findings associated with invasive lobular carcinoma in different age groups, taking into account breast composition and tumour size.

Material and methods

A total of 1023 invasive lobular carcinoma preoperative mammograms were evaluated. According to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, cancer mammographic findings were classified as mass, calcifications, architectural distortion, and asymmetry, and breasts were assessed as dense (C or D breast composition) or non-dense (A or B). The patient cohort was subdivided into 3 age groups (< 50, 50-69, ≥ 70 years of age). In order to make the size and age groups dichotomous variables and to perform multiple regression analysis, a cut-off of 10 mm was chosen for tumour size, and < 50-years-old and 50-69-years-old age groups were grouped together (< 70-years-old age group).

Results

Significant results of multivariate analysis were the association between mass finding and non-dense breasts and size ≥ 10 mm (p < 0.0001), between calcifications, and dense breasts, size < 10 mm and < 70-years-old age group (p < 0.0001), between distortion and < 70-years-old age group (p = 0.0366), and between asymmetry and ≥ 70-years-old age group (p = 0.0090).

Conclusions

Various mammographic findings are differently associated with age group, breast composition, and tumour size.
The effect of a physiotherapy intervention on disability decrease and on the perceived health-related quality of life in patients with musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Katsika Irini , Alexias George , Togas Constantinos
Published: July 2021

Introduction

To evaluate the effect of a physiotherapy intervention on disability decrease and the perceived health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with musculoskeletal disorders.

Methods

The interventional study involved 150 patients of a public hospital and 3 private physiotherapy clinics in Greece. The study lasted 5 months (December 2016–April 2017). A composite questionnaire was used, including sociodemographic/medical data, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and EQ-5D-3L. The main intervention consisted in 10 physiotherapy sessions including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, short-wave diathermy, high-frequency ultrasound, hand massage, and strengthening/stretching exercises. Questionnaires were completed before the first session and then after the tenth session. Analysis was performed with SPSS v. 21.0.

Results

Half of the participants (50%) were treated in a state hospital, while the rest (50%) in a private clinic. The patients had problems in their spine and neck in the same percentage (44.7%). There was a significant decrease (mean: 19.33, SD: 13.71) in ODI score after the intervention. The decrease differed significantly depending on age, marital status, and problem location (spine, neck, chest). A significant improvement in EQ-5D-3L and visual analogue scale scores was recorded after treatment (p = 0.001). The EQ-5D-3L score change differed significantly depending on age, marital status, educational level, problem location, and previous physiotherapy treatment. There was a significant positive correlation between changes in EQ-5D-3L and ODI (r = 0.48, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The physiotherapy intervention was beneficial for patients with musculoskeletal disorders and improved their perceived HRQoL. Several demographic and medical characteristics affected the improvement.
Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in treating chronic nonspecific low back pain patients
Authors: Z. Fouda Khaled , M. Dewir Ibrahim , S. Abdelsalam Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Introduction

As one of the highly prevalent musculoskeletal disorders, low back pain incurs high medical care costs. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation has been used in treating chronic low back pain. This study aimed to investigate the effects of multiple proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques on endurance of the trunk musculature, spinal mobility, and impairment of function in cases of chronic low back pain.

Methods

Patients in this study were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Group A received rhythmic stabilization training, group B received a combination of isotonic exercises, while group C received a combination of both rhythmic stabilization training and combination of isotonic exercises. Trunk endurance was evaluated with trunk flexion and trunk extension endurance tests, spinal mobility was assessed with a modified Schober test, and functional impairment was measured with Oswestry Disability Index.

Results

ANOVA showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the groups after treatment in the measured outcomes. Tukey’s honest significant difference post-hoc test revealed a highly statistically significant improvement in the measured outcomes of group C in comparison with the other groups in the post-intervention conditions.

Conclusions

The application of the rhythmic stabilization training technique of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation followed by a combination of isotonic exercises was more effective than implementing either technique alone in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain.
Efficacy of whole-body vibration on low bone density in post-burn patients
Authors: Galal Mahran Hesham
Published: July 2021

Introduction

To evaluate the effect of whole-body vibration on low bone mineral density in post-burn patients.

Methods

Thirty male post-burn patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The study group received an intervention of whole-body vibration with following parameters: 30 Hz as vibration frequency, 4–7 mm as amplitude range, and 2.28 g as an acceleration, 3 times per week, 24 weeks, in addition to traditional physiotherapy (exercise program). The control group received traditional physiotherapy (exercise program) only. All patients in both groups were subjected to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after treatment to estimate the bone mineral density in the lumbar region.

Results

There were significant increases in bone mineral density mean values in both groups (p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant increase in bone mineral density mean value in the study group compared with the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Whole-body vibration may have a beneficial effect on low bone mineral density in post-burn patients.
Effectiveness of therapeutic suits and intensive suit trainings in individuals with cerebral palsy and other neurological disorders: a scoping review
Authors: Clemente Remón Ángel Luis , Agnieszka Panufnik Marta
Published: July 2021

Introduction

This review aims to find if there is any effectiveness in the application of therapeutic suits or intensive suit trainings or both together, among people with cerebral palsy and other pathologies.

Methods

Articles published from 1997 to 2019 were reviewed. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria that involved: English, Spanish, or Polish language; published studies; studies about the effectiveness of suit therapies regardless of the used protocol (Adeli suit, Therasuit, Penguin suit, or suit therapy); studies conducted among people with cerebral palsy or other neurological disorders regardless of age, type of cerebral palsy, and severity level.

Results

There were some positive effects in gross motor functions, functional gait, and joint mobility. However, the evidence was not clear and there were numerous factors that could have affected the results and produced methodological limitations.

Conclusions

The findings justify further exploration of the potential of suit therapies in people with cerebral palsy and other neurological disorders.
Impact of sensory processing dysfunction on fine motor skills in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Muthusamy Rajeswari , Padmanabhan Ramachandran , Ninan Binu , Ganesan Sailakshmi
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Children with autism spectrum disorders predominantly exhibit social impairment but significant physical features are manifested as motor delays and deficits affecting their daily living. Though sensory integration is a basic component required for motor skills, the impact of sensory processing dysfunction on fine motor skills is not clear, which is explored in this study.

Methods

This cross sectional study was carried out in Vidya Sudha – school for children with special needs. Overall, 56 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale were included in the study. Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 was used to assess the level of their fine motor skill, and the sensory profile served to evaluate their sensory processing dysfunction.

Results

Pearson’s correlation showed a strong positive correlation between the fine motor quotient and auditory, visual, vestibular, and tactile processing, with r > 0.7 and p 0.05. Beta value of logistic regression of tactile, vestibular, and visual processing was 0.554, 0.288, and 0.191, respectively, which conveys that tactile dysfunction has a major impact, followed by vestibular and visual processing deficits.

Conclusions

The study concludes that tactile, vestibular, and visual sensory dysfunctions appear to influence the fine motor skills, with tactile dysfunction exerting a greater impact. The result strongly emphasizes that paediatric therapists should individualize treatment on the basis of sensory dysfunction, which should be considered and simultaneously addressed when training fine motor function and activities of daily living.
Efficacy of modified complex decongestive therapy on limb girth, skin thickness, and functional capacity in patients with lower limb secondary lymphoedema
Authors: Aboelmagd M Fatma , Abdelaal Mohamed Abdelaal Ashraf
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Lymphoedema is a serious health problem that impairs functional performance. The study aim was to explore the effects of modified complex decongestive therapy (MCDT) on lower limb oedema, skin layer thickness, and functional capacity in patients with unilateral lower limb secondary lymphoedema.

Methods

Overall, 49 patients (30 women and 19 men) with unilateral lower limb secondary lymphoedema were divided into the MCDT group and the traditional physical therapy (TPT) group and received the assigned treatment for 8 weeks. Limb girth and skin layer thickness at 4 levels and functional capacity were measured before and after the programs with limb round measurements, ultrasonography, and the 6-minute walking test, respectively.

Results

The oedema significantly decreased at the levels of 5th metatarsal head, medial malleolus, 20 cm below, and 20 cm above the patella by 19.2%, 28.34%, 16.57%, and 12.08% in the MCDT group and by 13.47%, 15.27%, 8.78%, and 7.15% in the TPT group. The skin thickness decreased significantly at the levels of foot, medial malleolus, mid-calf, and mid-thigh by 70.32%, 63.32%, 31.82%, and 15.46% in the MCDT group and by 54.4%, 37.26%, 21.02%, and 9.12% in the TPT group. The 6-minute walking test score increased significantly by 9.84% in the MCDT group and by 5.52% in the TPT group. The post-study results comparison of the 2 groups revealed statistically significant differences in all outcome measures (p > 0.05) in favour of the MCDT group.

Conclusions

MCDT yielded higher significantly favourable effects than TPT in patients with lower limb secondary lymphoedema.
Effect of cold versus heat modalities on dynamic balance in healthy adolescents
Authors: F. Ahmed Yomna , M. Shafeek Marian , Abu El-Kasem Shimaa T.
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Many adolescents are treated with cold or heat modalities before therapeutic exercise, but the difference between the effect of cold vs. heat on dynamic balance is not clear till now. The study aimed to determine the immediate effects of cold and heat modalities for ankle joint on dynamic balance and also to compare the impact of these modalities on dynamic balance.

Methods

The study involved 30 normal adolescents of both genders aged 13–18 years. The Biodex system was used for dynamic balance assessment in each participant under 3 conditions: (1) control condition: at room temperature; (2) immediately after a 15-minute cold immersion (5°C ± 1°C) for ankle joint; (3) immediately after a 15-minute heat immersion (40°C ± 5°C) for ankle joint. For randomization, the order of cold and heat modalities was chosen randomly by using a coin flip.

Results

Mixed design MANOVA revealed statistically significant changes in dynamic balance, including overall stability (OAS), anteroposterior stability (AP), and mediolateral stability (ML) after cold modality and after heat modality (p ≤ 0.05). The pairwise comparison test to compare cold vs. heat modalities determined that OAS, AP, and ML were statistically significantly improved after heat modality in comparison with cold modality (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

Dynamic balance could be altered immediately after cold or heat modalities. It improved after heat while decreased after cold modality in healthy adolescents.
Trunk and hip muscles activation patterns in subjects with and without chronic low back pain: a systematic review
Authors: Kamel Eman , Abdelmajeed Salwa , El Khozamy Hamed , Hassan Karima
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine normal and abnormal patterns of activation of gluteus maximus (GM), hamstring (HAM), contralateral erector spinae (CES), and ipsilateral erector spinae (IES) muscles during a prone hip extension test in healthy or asymptomatic subjects and those with non-specific chronic low back pain through a systematic review. Studies were recognized by searching electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro [Physiotherapy Evidence Database], and CINAHL) and scanning articles reference lists from the beginning until July 2018. Limits involved studies in the English language and performed among humans. Of 2112 citations and reference lists scanned, 15 articles were determined to be relevant to this review. From these studies, 4 investigated 157 subjects (88 asymptomatic and 69 with low back pain), and 11 investigated 257 healthy subjects. The results of the moderate and weak quality studies indicate that the HAM and ES muscles are activated early and almost simultaneously, but GM is consistently delayed in relation to leg movement and the other 3 muscles in healthy individuals. In low back pain subjects, CES are delayed and GM is significantly delayed in individuals who showed abnormal lumbar motions when compared with healthy ones.
Effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on pain and function in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review with meta-analysis based on PRISMA guidelines
Authors: Chaturvedi Rekha , Kulandaivelan Sivachidambaram , Joshi Shabnam
Published: July 2021

Introduction

To evaluate the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on pain and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

The meta-analysis data source were PubMed (MEDLINE) and Cochrane (Central). Randomized controlled trials comparing active tDCS (in combination with other interventions or alone in knee OA patients) with sham tDCS published in English till July 2019 were analysed. The outcome measures were pain intensity (visual analogue scale and numeric rating scale) and quality of life (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]). Mean difference with 95% confidence interval for the active tDCS and sham groups were investigated.

Results

Four articles with 171 patients were included in the qualitative systematic review and 2 articles with 55 patients were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. The results revealed a statistically significant reduction in pain (visual analogue scale) in the active tDCS group compared with the sham group (Z = 7.32, p < 0.00001) and a significant improvement in WOMAC scores (Z = 2.31, p = 0.02), with high heterogeneity of 83%.

Conclusions

There is a significant improvement in pain and function in patients with knee OA after the application of active tDCS either alone or in combination. However, more studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of tDCS in knee OA. Owing to the promising results of tDCS in various pain conditions and in knee OA, it can be seen as a future tool for managing pain in the field of physiotherapy.
A comparison of abdominal muscles fatigue in women after vaginal birth, women after caesarean section, and a control group. A pilot study
Authors: Kuciel Natalia , Mazurek Justyna , Sutkowska Edyta , Biernat Karolina , Pawik Łukasz
Published: July 2021

Introduction

To investigate fatiguability of abdominal muscles in women after natural childbirth and caesarean section compared with a control group in the prone bridge (plank) test.

Methods

The study involved 11 women after natural childbirth, 8 women after caesarean section, and 8 women who had not been pregnant and had not given birth. After completing a personal questionnaire and qualification in a functional examination, the participants performed the prone bridge (plank) test. A 4-lead surface electromyograph was used for the study of rectus abdominis muscles and internal oblique/transversus abdominis muscles.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between the right and left side of the body (p < 0.05). There were no differences in muscle fatigue parameters between the groups in the prone bridge test (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Electromyographic parameters of abdominal muscles fatigue are similar in women after natural childbirth, women after caesarean section, and those who have not given birth. Caesarean section in asymptomatic women does not affect the deterioration of abdominal muscle strength in plank exercise.
Effectiveness of sensory stimulation among children with impaired psychomotor development: a pilot study
Authors: Wójtowicz Dorota , Ptak Agnieszka , Świtkowska Sylwia , Stefańska Małgorzata
Published: July 2021

Introduction

The sense of balance, proprioception, and exteroception are key for healthy psychomotor development and proper functioning of human beings. Any disorders in this area may cause dysfunctions, problems with tactile stimuli perception and muscle tone regulation, as well as lack of motion and body awareness. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy as a method of supporting psychomotor development in children residing in a long-term care and nursing home.

Methods

The study involved 16 children, randomly divided into 2 equal groups, permanently living in a long-term care and nursing home in Poland. None of the children was diagnosed with autism. The psychomotor development was evaluated with the Sensorimotor History Questionnaire (based on the questionnaire by Balzer-Martin) and the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test by Ayres. The research was performed between October 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017. Each participant underwent the test twice – prior to the therapy and after 8 months of therapy.

Results

There were significant changes in the psychomotor development in the treatment group in areas not correlated with the children’s age.

Conclusions

The therapy using the sensory integration approach can potentially support the development of children who are permanent residents of a long-term care and nursing home. The classic formula of the sensory integration therapy (i.e. 1 session per week) may be insufficient in the case of permanently institutionalized children. The study should be expanded and carried out in larger groups of children.
Evaluation of postural stability in girls and boys during the adolescence period
Authors: Burdacka Katarzyna , Chwała Wiesław , Walaszek Robert , Burdacki Marcin
Published: July 2021

Introduction

The purpose of the work was to assess the static and dynamic postural stability and to identify the risk of the locomotor system injuries in 14-year-old boys and girls.

Methods

The study involved a group of 40 girls and 43 boys aged 14 who regularly attended physical education classes, 4 hours per week. The examination of static balance was carried out with the modified version of the first test of the Eurofit Physical Fitness Test Battery – the Flamingo Balance Test, and dynamic balance assessments were performed with the Y-Balance Test by using a specially designed test tool, the so-called Y-Balance Test Kit. To differentiate between the higher and lower risk of a motor system injury, an index proposed by Butler was applied.

Results

With respect to both static and dynamic balance, the results obtained by the studied girls did not differ statistically significantly from those of the studied boys.

Conclusions

In the group of girls, the index recommended by Butler was exceeded by 78% of the subjects for the left lower limb and by 80% of the subjects for the right one, while in the group of boys, the respective values were 74% and 79%. This indicates that the risk of a motor system injury among the study subjects was low.
Efficacy of class IV laser in the management of musculoskeletal pain:
a systematic review
Authors: de la Barra Ortiz Hernán Andrés , Acevedo Cangas Sebastián , Cumio Herrera Antonio , Oñate García Felipe , Velásquez Velásquez Sebastián
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the main reason for disability in the world, causing pain and functional
loss. Class IV laser is a recent treatment proposed for pain reduction in MSDs, although studies supporting its use and dosage
are limited. The purpose of the paper was to describe the efficacy of class IV laser in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain.

Methods

Randomized clinical trials were identified in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect
databases by a search on August 31, 2020. Three independent investigators reviewed article titles and abstracts for eligibility.
Risk of bias and quality were evaluated with the Cochrane risk of bias tool and PEDro scale. Decreased pain was considered
the main outcome; range of motion, strength, or disability were secondary outcomes.

Results

A total of 50 articles were obtained after eliminating duplicates, reduced to 7 after selection criteria application. MSDs
included patellofemoral dysfunction (n = 1), epicondylitis (n = 1), osteoarthritis (n = 1), cervicalgia (n = 3), and lumbar radiculopathy (n = 1). The studies had a low risk of bias and a PEDro score greater than 7. Pain reduction was observed at the end of
laser treatments and in follow-up evaluations (p < 0.005); the decrease in disability favoured laser management (p < 0.005).

Conclusions

Class IV laser is effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with MSDs. Further research is
necessary to establish a consensus on the dosage and obtain more evidence in MSDs of non-articular origin.
Greek identities and French politics in the Revue des Deux Mondes (1846–1900)
Authors: Polycandrioti Ourania
Published: July 2021

The longevity of the magazine Revue des Deux Mondes, its position
among the French magazines, its contents, contributors and directors,
all prominent scholars of France, establish the Revue des Deux Mondes
as an important record of intellectual and political life in the nineteenth
century, as well as of the way in which the West in general and France in
particular regarded contemporary Greece during the same period. This
study aims to provide an overview of all Greek-themed articles in the
magazine from 1829 to 1899, with the purpose of exploring the various
aspects of ancient and contemporary Hellenism, in relation to France’s
foreign policies as well as the activities of the French School at Athens.
The emergence of modern Greek studies in late-nineteenth-century France and England: The yearbooks of the Association pour l’encouragement des études grecques en France (1867) and of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies (1877)
Authors: Katsigiannis Alexandros
Published: July 2021

Was the field of modern Greek studies perceived as an ‘exotic’ discipline in
the making, or was it considered to be a branch of the already canonised
Hellenic studies? This chapter examines two major associations that
were established in the late nineteenth century in France and in England
and dealt with the promotion of Greek studies: the Association pour
l’encouragement des études grecques en France (1867) and the Society
for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies (1877). Their yearbooks constitute an
unexamined treasure of information illuminating the reception of modern
Greece and, at the same time, the construction of the modern Greek cultural
identity by French and English Hellenists, from the mid-1860s onward.
La Grèce moderne dans la NouvelleRevue (1879-1899)
Authors: Provata Despina
Published: July 2021

Juliette Adam (1836–1936), célèbre salonnière de la IIIe République, est
aussi la fondatrice de la Nouvelle Revue. Fascinée par l’Antiquité grecque,
elle se penche également sur le destin de la Grèce moderne à un moment
où le pays est discrédité aux yeux des Européens. La présente contribution
se focalise sur le regard que porte la Nouvelle Revue sur la Grèce moderne.
L’objectif de ses collaborateurs ainsi que de sa directrice est, d’une part,
de soutenir les revendications irrédentistes des Grecs et ressusciter
un philhellénisme politique, d’autre part de promouvoir la littérature
néohellénique en France et de cultiver une nouvelle image de la Grèce,
un pays résolument moderne qui peut désormais réclamer son autonomie
par rapport à l’Antiquité.
Medieval and modern Greece in the Academy
Authors: Gotsi Georgia
Published: July 2021

This chapter’s central concern is the search for the imprint of medieval
and modern Greece in the high-culture British periodical press from the
1870s to the beginnings of the twentieth century through a case study
of the Academy (1869–1916). Drawing on its progressive spirit and intellectual
authority, the Academy displayed a serious scholarly interest in
contemporary research on the language, literature and history of the
Greeks beyond classical times to the present. A systematic investigation of
its contents demonstrates the role exercised by a few of its contributors in
the dissemination to the British educated public of such new knowledge.
From this standpoint, the Academy served as a vehicle of late philhellenism:
it promoted the idea of the continuum of Greek culture since ancient
times while showing a considerable interest, distinct from that devoted
to classical Hellas, in the study of the post-antique and contemporary
Greek worlds.
Modern Greek studies in Italy (1866–1897) : Philhellenic revival and classical tradition through the lens of the Nuova Antologia
Authors: Scalora Francesco
Published: July 2021

During the long era of Italian philhellenism, interest in modern Greece
was more than just political and ideological. In particular, in the second
half of the nineteenth century, the philhellenism of the Risorgimento
period was animated by an interest in the culture of modern Greece and
by the wish to investigate the character and most significant aspects of
the civilisation and literary production of modern Greece. In the context
of literate and pluralistic Italian editorial opinion, the magazine Nuova
Antologia exhibited a sincerity of interest in modern Greece in the years
when Italy and Greece were still engaged in the process of national
resolution and finding their places within the European political and
cultural scene.
An interesting utopian undertaking : The Philhellenic Society of Amsterdam and the journal Ελλάς/Hellas (Leiden, 1889–1897)
Authors: Varelas Lambros
Published: July 2021

This chapter deals with the journal Ελλάς/Hellas (Leiden, Holland,
1889–1897). It examines the broader frame of the periodical’s publication
and the intentions of its editorial board. Ελλάς/Hellas was the organ of
the Philhellenic Society in Amsterdam, which was founded in April 1888.
The Society’s basic aim was the support and promotion of the modern
Greek language (katharevousa, an archaic, purified form of Greek used
for official and literary purposes) as an international language, in opposition
to the appearance and diffusion of invented languages such as
Volapük and Esperanto. The Society and its journal make also a special
plea for substituting modern Greek, and the modern pronunciation with
it, for the ancient Greek taught in elementary instruction in Europe.
This chapter examines this experiment as a utopian effort in the late
nineteenth century.
Les études de grec moderne en Allemagne et la revue Byzantinische Zeitschrift (1892–1909)
Authors: Mitsou Marilisa
Published: July 2021

L’article retrace le développement des études de grec moderne en Allemagne
à travers les différents domaines d’intérêt: les chants populaires et
le folklore, la lexicographie et l’histoire du vernaculaire, l’historiographie
philhellénique, la littérature médiévale et moderne. Dans ce contexte,
l’apport de Karl Krumbacher à l’émancipation des études byzantines et
néo-helléniques fut décisif. Avec son Seminar für mittel- und neugriechische
Philologie et sa revue Byzantinische Zeitschrift (1892–1909) le byzantiniste
a non seulement encouragé les recherches sur le monde grec médiéval
et moderne et promu les échanges intellectuels dans plusieurs thématiques,
mais il a réussi à créer un vaste réseau de linguistes, ethnologues,
archéologues, théologiens, hellénistes, médiévistes et néo-hellénistes,
qui ont partagé, au tournant du XXe siècle, une forme de ‘philhellénisme
scientifique’.
La Grèce et l’Europe à travers l’insurrection crétoise de 1895–1897, reflétées dans la presse de l’époque
Authors: Sofou Alceste
Published: July 2021

Après le Congrès de Berlin (1878), l’implication des grandes puissances
dans le Sud-Est européen et les vicissitudes de leur politique extérieure
conduisent à l’intensification de l’irrédentisme balkanique. Dans ce
contexte, une nouvelle insurrection contre la domination ottomane eut
lieu en Crète occupée. La décision du gouvernement grec d’y envoyer
l’armée déclencha la guerre gréco-turque (1897), à l’issue de laquelle la
Grèce se place sous le contrôle économique des Grandes Puissances.
Avec l’insurrection crétoise (1895–1897) le philhellénisme trouve sa
nouvelle déclinaison. Toutefois, pourrait-on parler de philhellénisme ou
de crétophilie? Pour répondre à cette question nous tenterons d’esquisser
l’image que l’Europe se faisait de la Grèce dans le cadre de la Question
d’Orient à l’aide des articles de la presse française.
Early Cinema, Process Films, and Screen Advertising
Authors: Zimmermann Yvonne
Published: July 2021

This chapter explores what early process films can tell us about advertising
and the transformation of screen cultures. Starting with a detailed
historical study of an exemplary process film, the chapter addresses a
number of conceptual issues that resonate with takes on screen advertising
suggested in the present book. A particular focus lies on screen
advertising’s entanglement with entertainment culture, education, visual
culture, and commodity culture. Questions of genre and aesthetics, in
particular the colour aesthetics of process films in early cinema as well
as their colonialist ideology, are also addressed. The chapter argues that
screen advertising, despite its often-acknowledged ephemeral nature, is
an utterly robust or persistent phenomenon – persistent in regard to the
objects, screens, and practices of screen advertising.
Advertising and Modernity: A Critical Reassessment
Authors: Vonderau Patrick
Published: July 2021

This chapter aims to deconstruct the category of modernity by confronting
a prevailing abstracted view on screen advertising with the contingencies
of its archival history. Taking as a case study the 1960s ‘cola wars’ and the
marketing of cola soft drinks, the chapter shows how this competition
between Pepsi and Coke related to stylistic innovations such as montage
sequences, and what relevant mid-level finds can be made regarding one
specific Pepsi campaign of that era without indulging in overly general
arguments about modernism or modernity.
Advertising and Avant-Gardes: A History of Concepts, 1930–1940
Authors: Zimmermann Yvonne
Published: July 2021

The chapter takes advertising as an umbrella term for persuasive communication.
Looking at screen advertising as a specific type of communication
– one that is made to persuade – the documentary, educational films, and
avant-garde works of the 1930s and early 1940s come into view together
under the label of advertising. Focussing on the work of John Grierson,
Paul Rotha, and Hans Richter, the chapter shows how debates among
intellectuals, pedagogues, and artists on both sides of the Atlantic revolved
around concepts of propaganda and education to promote democracy. The
chapter contributes to the field of useful cinema studies by mapping the
transnational network of people, ideas, and materials involved in using
moving images as tools for shaping the human mind.
Advertising as Institution: Charles Wilp and German Television, 1950–1970
Authors: Vonderau Patrick
Published: July 2021

This chapter proposes a self-reflexive view vis-à-vis the Charles Wilp
Collection at Deutsche Kinemathek, a collection dedicated to the work
of one of Germany’s best-known (and most notorious) advertisers of the
1960s and 1970s. After critically reviewing the notion of institution as it is
used in advertising research, the main part of the text provides a historical
account of Wilp’s work and proposes a definition of screen advertising
and an analytical heuristics for describing moving image advertisements.
Advertising and the Apparatus : Cinema, Television, and Out-of-Home Screens
Authors: Zimmermann Yvonne
Published: July 2021

In this chapter, the notion of the dispositif serves as a conceptual framework
to both theorize and analyse the programming of moving image
advertising on three types of screens: cinema, network-era television, and
digital out-of-home displays. The chapter shows how screen ads stitch
together different forms of intermittent movements – of bodies, images,
and objects – and thus help create flows. In bringing the programme
in conversation with the dispositif, the chapter also draws attention to
the programme, which in cinema studies, if not to the same extent also
in media studies, is an extremely under-researched category despite its
importance for production as well as for reception. Any study interested
in the pragmatics of screen advertising as well as screen media cannot
do without the programme.
Advertising as Commercial Speech: Truth and Trademarks in Testimonial Advertising
Authors: Vonderau Patrick
Published: July 2021

This chapter explores the long history of moving images’ promotional
relation to trademarks by focussing on us American case law and a controversy
that surrounded a brief moment in the feature film The Hangover
II (2011). In the second part, the chapter develops and outlines a typology
of moving image testimonials.
Advertising’s Self-Reference: From Early Cinema to the Super Bowl
Authors: Zimmermann Yvonne
Published: July 2021

This chapter takes up the notion of self-reference and self-reflexivity so
present in cinema, media and literature studies, if only to redefine it.
Self-reference is no longer understood as a textual feature of revelation
that produces knowledge about media, but as a particular mode of address:
when looking at self-reference from the perspective of screen advertising
and screen ads, it becomes evident that rather than displaying the medium
itself, self-reference acts against reactance in that it exhibits the assumed
media knowledge of the viewers and celebrates media expertise. Thus, the
chapter contributes to discussions about the many notions and layers of
self-reference and self-reflexivity in cinema and media studies.
Moving Objects: The Case of Volvo
Authors: Florin Bo
Published: July 2021

In ‘Moving Objects: The Case of Volvo’, the concept of mobility is investigated
on several levels – the movement of the cars, the movement of people,
and the movement of the camera – and how this concept is launched
within the ads along with ‘Scandinavian’ values. The commercials also
point back to the basic definition of cinema qua moving images, aiming
in turn at moving the audience.
Cinematic Intertexts: h&m Goes YouTube
Authors: Florin Bo
Published: July 2021

Abstract
‘Cinematic Intertexts: h&m Goes YouTube’ studies the designer collaborations
of h&m, with a focus on the campaigns launched at the beginning
of social media’s ubiquity. The campaigns as such combine high culture
and popular culture, and span from exclusive consumerism to equal
opportunities for all, with the Lanvin collaboration as an early example of
‘friendvertising’. I will also discuss how h&m uses YouTube as an archive.
Beyond Promotion: The un Global Goal Campaign
Authors: Florin Bo
Published: July 2021

‘Beyond Promotion: The un Global Goals Campaign’, deals with the latter
as a particularly interesting example, given the way this campaign did
not advertise a product, but rather a policy. Does this change the way of
relating to history? Advertising sustainability requires both economic
development, environmental protection, and social responsibility. The
chapter shows that the launch of this campaign, not least by using Aardman
Animations, relies heavily on both film history and the history of
commercials.
Decluttering
Authors: Akcetin Elif
Published: July 2021

Drawing on the example of the Imperial Household Department, this
essay offers a reflection on the cultural practices of Qing governance. It
argues that a reading of the Qing state’s mobilization of material resources
through an economic lens reveals only part of the story. The classification
of objects and the underlying material epistemologies did not merely
represent a concern with calculating monetary value; they also served
as an ordering mechanism through which the ruling elite visualized the
subjects of the empire. The examples provided in the essay illustrate some
of the ways in which the Qing state produced structural resources (such as
systems of classification) to manage its imperial and colonial expansion.
Working the Qing Palace Machine
Authors: Moll-Murata Christine
Published: July 2021

This chapter asks about the personnel working at and for the Qing court.
It explores their numbers, working conditions, labour relations, and social
positions with a temporal focus on the mid and late Qing. Labour relations,
in accordance with the definitions of the Global Collaboratory on the
History of Labour Relations, include the non-working, reciprocal, tributary,
and commodified types. All of these types were represented at the Qing
courts in various constellations. The paper outlines work incentives and
sanctions based on Palace Regulations and Precedents (Qinding gongzhong
xianxing zeli) and personal accounts of a palace maid and a eunuch in the
early twentieth century and gives insights into the interaction of humans
with the institutional mechanisms of the palace machine.
Manager or Craftsman
Authors: Chen Kai Jun
Published: July 2021

The chapter investigates how the ‘palace machine’ of the Qing dynasty
reproduced (or systematically trained) particularly skilled bannermen as
ethnically-marked official experts. By mapping out these bannermen’s
education, training process, and official appointments, I explain how
the court system perpetuated the administrative privilege of bannermen
families and how specific skills of different generations matched the
particular demands of empire building projects of the Qing dynasty
in different stages. I focus on a representative family, the Wanggiyan/
Wanyan clan, generations of which served the court within the institutional
framework of the Imperial Household Department. Placing
this extended family in the context of peer bannermen equipped with
specialized skills allows me to shed light on the larger issue of the
relationship between hereditary status and specialized skills in the
Qing palace machine.
Kupiao and the Accounting System of the Imperial Household Workshops
Authors: Wang Yijun , Bae Kyoungjin
Published: July 2021

Focusing on kupiao, a rudimentary document of accounting, this chapter
explores the accounting system of the Imperial Workshops in Qing China.
Spurred by a series of institutional reforms, a complex budgeting and auditing
system developed at the Imperial Workshops during the eighteenth
century. As the records of day-to-day transactions between various Works
and other departments, kupiao instantiated the operation of production
and finance as a correlated system. Tracing the paper trails of kupiao,
therefore, we locate the manufacturing processes of the Workshops at the
intersection of artisanal collaboration and the administrative cycles of
budgeting and audits in which various bureaus participated. By comparing
the accounting systems of the Imperial Workshops and the Qing state,
moreover, we argue that the former modelled after the zouxiao system of
the state. Both systems shared as their principles rigorous accountability
and the pursuit of checks and balances.
Piecing Shards Together
Authors: Wang Guangyao
Published: July 2021

The imperial manufacture of porcelain in the Qing dynasty was always
related to the broad state economy and politics, especially ritual. As
has been revealed in administrative regulations and raw material supply,
porcelain production seemed to be an independent operation like
other court art production. However, as evidence regarding managerial
personnel, finance, quality control, and design shows, the technology
for producing porcelain was integral to other material production at
court. Thus, multiple productive processes were interdependent and they
influenced each other. The productive processes and products of court
art showcase the character of monarchical industry.
Resplendent Innovations
Authors: Su Te-cheng , Lai Hui-min
Published: July 2021

This chapter investigates how the innovation of fire-gilding techniques
by the Imperial Household Department helped integrate political and
religious power within the empire. During the Qianlong reign (1736-1795),
Tibetan style sisa forging, rubia cordifolia burnishing, and multi-layered
gilding techniques were introduced while equipping temples with
resplendent brass roof tiles and gilded artefacts. The sophistication of
manufacturing gilded copper objects relied on the multicultural exchange
with Nepalese, Tibetan, and Xinjiang handicrafts. It also required careful
management of the flow of such precious materials as gold and copper
as well as the necessary labour resources in the form of skilled court and
contract artisans.