bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management challenges associated with a pineal region chordoma: illustrative case
Authors: Kwon Ji-Eyon , Ji So Young , Hwang Kihwan , Lee Kyu Sang , Choe Gheeyoung , Kim Chae-Yong , Han Jung Ho
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Chordomas, which are rare malignant neoplasms arising from notochordal remnants, often cause gradually progressive clinical symptoms. Intradural cranial chordomas (ICCs) are extremely rare and generally have a favorable prognosis. However, the authors reported the case of a primary ICC originating in the pineal gland presenting with recurrent thalamic hemorrhage and displaying an aggressive postoperative clinical course.

OBSERVATIONS

A 41-year-old man arrived at the emergency department with morning headaches and recurrent syncope that had lasted several months. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a pineal gland mass causing obstructive hydrocephalus and a subacute hematoma in the right thalamus. Three weeks after an endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed, recurrent hemorrhage was observed in the right thalamus. The tumor was promptly removed surgically. The yellowish-white tumor did not exhibit abundant bleeding. No evidence of intratumoral hemorrhage around the hematoma pocket was found. Histopathological examination revealed the characteristics of a chordoma with minimal vascularity. MRI performed 10 weeks postoperatively for worsening headaches revealed abnormal enhancement of multiple cranial nerves, suggesting leptomeningeal seeding (LMS) of the tumor.

LESSONS

Despite radiotherapy and intrathecal chemotherapy, the patient’s neurological status worsened; he died 2 years postoperatively. A pineal ICC may cause recurrent thalamic hemorrhage and potentially fatal LMS, even in the early postoperative period.
Tethered brain: disentangling unintentional brain-mesh interfaces. Illustrative case
Authors: Spellicy Samantha E. , Kilianski Joseph R. , Poston Rachel , Moore-Hill Debra , Vale Fernando L.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Surgical meshes have found widespread use in neurosurgical practice. While commonly recognized risks of synthetic mesh include infection, exposure of mesh implants, and foreign body reaction, the risk of mesh tethering to neural structures is often overlooked.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors presented the first case, to their knowledge, of the disentanglement of mesh interfaced to cortical tissue. The patient, a 68-year-old woman, presented with severe intractable seizure disorder and worsening left hand function and incoordination after meningioma resection and cranioplasty 9 years earlier. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated interval progression of macrocystic encephalomalacia involving the right supplementary motor area, with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal extending posteriorly into the right primary motor cortex. Both computed tomography and MRI suggested potential tethering of the cortex to the overlying cranioplasty mesh. Because of the progressive nature of her condition, the decision was made to surgically remove the tethered mesh.

LESSONS

De-tethering brain parenchyma from surgical mesh requires careful microdissection and judicious use of electrocautery to minimize further tissue damage and preserve neurological function. This inadvertent complication evinces the importance of using dural substitutes when unable to primarily repair the dura to prevent scarring and tethering of neural tissues to synthetic cranioplasty materials.
Short lever arm, bipedicular handlebar construct for correction of acute angular kyphosis in spondylodiscitis-induced kyphotic deformity: illustrative case
Authors: Huang Meng , Cajigas Iahn , Vanni Steven
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Pyogenic spondylodiscitis diminishes spinal structural integrity via disruption of the anterior and middle column, sometimes further compounded by iatrogenic violation of the posterior tension band during initial posterior decompressive surgeries. Although medical management is typically sufficient, refractory infection or progressive deformity may require aggressive debridement and reconstructive arthrodesis. Although anterior debridement plus reconstruction with posterior stabilization is an effective treatment option, existing techniques have limited efficacy for correcting focal deformity, leaving patients at risk for long-term sagittal imbalance, pain, and disability.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors present a case of chronic lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis in a patient in whom initial surgical debridement failed and pronounced angular kyphosis and intractable low back pain developed. A novel bipedicular handlebar construct was used to achieve angular correction of the kyphosis through simultaneous anterior interbody grafting and posterior instrumentation with the patient in the lateral position.

LESSONS

Leveraging both pedicle screws at the same level to transmit controlled corrective distraction forces through the segment allows for kyphosis correction without relying on long posterior constructs for cantilever reduction. Simultaneous anterior reconstruction with a posterior short lever arm, bipedicular handlebar construct is an effective technique for achieving high angular correction during circumferential reconstructive approaches to postinfectious focal kyphotic deformities.
Taking maternal services to pregnant women: The community midwifery model
Authors:   The Safe Motherhood Demonstration Project
Published: June 2021

Evidence from a number of studies globally has shown a reduction in maternal and perinatal mortality when women have a skilled attendant present at birth. In Kenya, a skilled attendant assists at only 42 percent of births. In Central Province, over 70 percent deliver with a skilled attendant compared to 28 percent in Western Province. Results from one district in Western Province where midwives were given the necessary equipment and support to assist women during birth at home, showed a significant increase in home births attended by skilled health workers between 2001 and 2003 and a similar decrease in utilization of traditional birth attendants. As noted in this brief, this an indication that skilled attendance in the community is possible and a good alternative for women who are unable to reach a health facility. Building on these results, a Community Midwifery Model was developed that focuses on empowering midwives living in the community to assist women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period in their homes, manage minor complications, and facilitate referral when necessary and transfer to the hospital.
The SMNH implementation framework for districts
Authors:   The Safe Motherhood Demonstration Project
Published: June 2021

The Safe Motherhood Demonstration Project (SMDP) implementation framework was developed as a result of lessons learned and approaches used during SMDP in Western Province, Kenya, 2000–04. All the components require cooperation and support at the provincial and national level. The six components, as outlined in this brief, are: preparation; safe motherhood (SM) rapid appraisal; analysis; intervention planning; implementation; and evaluation. The development of a Safe Motherhood Rapid Appraisal Tool has been an important outcome of the DFID Western Province SMDP. The intervention in Western Province was based on addressing resource and skills gaps in service provision, which were identified by a situation analysis carried out in each district. Through the introduction of training programs tailored to staff needs, ensuring that basic equipment and drugs were available, and ensuring greater community involvement, safe motherhood services have been improved in Western Province. The situation analysis exercise was refined during the project, resulting in the development of the Safe Motherhood Rapid Appraisal Tool.
Tuko Pamoja: A guide for talking with young people about their reproductive health
Authors:   KARHP,   PATH,   Population Council
Published: June 2021

This guide was developed for public health technicians working with the Ministry of Health as part of the Kenya Adolescent Reproductive Health Project Tuko Pamoja (We Are Together). It can be used by anyone wishing to broaden their understanding of adolescent reproductive health (RH) issues and improve communication with young people. Providing young people with support by talking with and listening to them as well as ensuring they have access to accurate information can help them understand the wide range of changes they are experiencing during adolescence. Although parents, teachers, religious and community leaders, and health-care providers are expected to educate adolescents about personal and physical development, relationships, and their roles in society, it may be difficult for them to do so in a comfortable and unbiased way. For these reasons, it is important to meet adolescents’ need for information and services. Adolescent RH education provides information about reproductive physiology and puberty; protective behavior; and the responsibilities and consequences that come with sexual activity. Providing young people with accurate RH information promotes sexual health and well-being, and supports healthy, responsible, and positive life experiences, as well as preventing disease and unintended pregnancy.
Perencanaan Struktur Atas Jembatan Komposit Sungai Nipah Desa Darul Aman Kecamatan Rupat
Authors: Puluhulawa Indriyani , Aspaliza Nur , Armada Armada
Published: June 2021

The  Darul Aman Village Bridge was originally a wooden bridge connecting community settlements with harbor and plantation areas. Yhe current condition of the bridge is not worth crossing because the wooden structure on the bridge has severe weathering, so it is very risky if forced to pass through the vehicle continuously and will cause further damage.for this purpose a nwe bridge is planned using a composite structure between steel girder and concrete slab. This plan refers to SNI T-02-2005 for loading bridge and SNI T-03-2005 fot steel structure planning. The planned plan includes bridge slab, girders, diaphragms and bridge elastomeric placement.

            From the result of the planning, the steel girder profile is using WF 800.300.14.26 , with a gap between 1,125 m. The steel angles profile diaphragm 70.70.7 mm using with a gap 4 m diaphragm, the elastomeric placement diameter is 175.175.12 mm
The Effect of Rise Husk Ash on Concrete Mixing Quality Formula
Authors: 'Ain Hurul , Putranto Alan , Polonia Betti Ses Eka , Ravi Ahmad
Published: June 2021

The effect of the addition of rice husk ash (rice husk ash) to the K-175 formula quality concrete mixture, as an aggregate mixture to the concrete compressive strength test using a Compression Testing Machine to get the compressive strength value of concrete and can be used as an alternative material as an additional material in making concrete in improving the quality of building construction. The study uses K-175 concrete quality characteristics as a test material. Test object in the shape of a cube with a size of 15cm x 15cm. With 4 variations in levels of addition of rice husk ash by 0%, 1.5%, 3.5%, and 5% by weight of cement. The husk ash used is the husk ash that escaped the 2.36 mm filter size. From each type of mixture made 9 test specimens, every 3 specimens for the age of concrete 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. Concrete mortar design using ASTM method. With material sources using fine aggregate from the Pawan Ketapang River and coarse aggregate from Merak, Banten. Stages of implementation include examining the nature of aggregate materials, sample making, and testing of concrete compressive strength.
PERBANDINGAN ANGGARAN BIAYA (RAB) PELAT LANTAI KONVENSIONAL DENGAN PELAT LANTAI KOMPOSIT (BONDEK)
Authors: Cahyani Rinova Firman , Rafik Aunur , Hadi Sahlan
Published: June 2021

Penggunaan kayu/plywood untuk bekisting pada proses pengecoran pelat lantai konvensional dalam sudut pandang konstruksi dianggap memiliki beberapa kelemahan serta berdampak pada kerusakan ekosistem. Sehingga perlu dicari alternatif dan inovasi material lain yang memiliki keunggulan dan dapat mengurangi bahkan menggantikan penggunaan kayu pada pembangunan konstruksi. Produk material yang dimaksud adalah bondek yaitu jenis baja ringan berlapis galvanis dengan tekstur bergelombang yang rapi dan kokoh. Pada penelitian ini dibahas perbandingan biaya(RAB) pembangunan pelat lantai konvensional menggunakan bekisting kayu dengan biaya(RAB) pembangunan pelat lantai komposit menggunakan bekisting  bondek pada pembangunan Aula Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Daerah(BPSDMD) Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan di Banjarbaru.

Berdasarkan shop drawing, data spesifikasi bahan, harga satuan bahan dan upah, serta referensi lainnya dibuat analisa harga satuan pekerjaan dengan mengacu pada standar Analisa Harga Satuan Pekerjaan SNI  Tahun 2016 dan Harga Satuan Bahan dan Upah Banjarbaru Tahun 2019 oleh Kementerian PUPR kemudian dilakukan perhitungan biaya(RAB) pembangunan pelat lantai. Menggunakan metode komparatif biaya(RAB) pembangunan biaya pelat lantai konvensional dibandingkan dengan biaya pembangunan pelat lantai komposit(bondek).

 Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh biaya pembangunan pelat lantai konvensional sebesar Rp. 2.850.731.000,- dan biaya pembangunan pelat lantai komposit(bondek) sebesar Rp. 2.138. 501.000,- dengan selisih Rp. 230.230.000,- atau 24.98% lebih murah pelat lantai komposit(bondek).
Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Pembelajaran Daring Pada Masa Pandemi COVID 19 Di Jurusan Administrasi Bisnis Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin
Authors: Huwaida Hikmayanti , Rofi'i Rofi'i , Imelda Sri
Published: June 2021

Sebagai upaya mencegah meluasnya penularan Covid 19 dilakukan penyesuaian kebijakan pendidikan di Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin. Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin menerapkan pembelajaran daring. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh perceived enjoyment, perceived ease of use, dan actual technology use terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi  Covid 19.  Penelitian deskriptif verifikatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner (google form). Dengan  Populasi mahasiswa sebanyak 171 orang.  Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; 1) Secara bersama perceived enjoyment, perceived ease of use, dan actual technology use berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sebesar 55,7%; 2) Secara parsial yang berpengaruh signifikan adalah perceived enjoyment  dan actual technology use, sedangkan perceived ease of use tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran daring.
Efficiency of mineral additives to binding component for making hardening mixtures at underground operations
Authors: Golik V. I. , Razorenov Yu. I. , Vagin V. S. , Lyashenko V. I.
Published: June 2021

For effective operation of mining enterprises, including mines of ferrous metallurgy, supply of quality binding components is necessary to make hardening mixtures for packing of goave, aroused at underground development of hard mineral deposits. Results of the study of compositions based on ash-cement, nepheline, belit-aluminates and lime binding component made of mining and metallurgical production wastes presented. Application of vibro-, mechanical- and electrochemical activation methods to obtain filling mixtures from local low-quality raw materials, as well as activation of binding components were analyzed. A model to evaluate efficiency of binding additives presented. It was shown that decrease of cement consumption by addition of binding components of mineral origin requires perfection of mining processes, first of all, grinding and activation. It was proved, that additions of electric filters ash, nephelines, belit-aluminates and lime, obtained by utilization of current and old tailings to the basic binding component – portland cement – makes it possible to obtain hardening filling mixtures, having high enough strength to apply them at goave packing. Application of the study results makes it perspective for depressed mining and related enterprises to survive under conditions of the forming market.
Elaboration of indices complex and additional criterion of coals and charges quality evaluation for production and prediction of required and high quality coke
Authors: Zolotukhin Yu. A. , Andreichikov N. S. , Eremin A. Ya. , Kraskovskaya T. F. , Kuprygin V. V.
Published: June 2021

Coal raw material base of coking is the main factor characterizing the quality of coke. Therefore, it is very important to know technological properties and peculiarities of coals behavior in a charge during coking process for coals charge batching and coke quality control. One of the priority directions in study coals and charges is petrographic and reflectogram analysis, which enable to obtain data related to evaluation genuine (one-valued) technological properties of coals, coal blends and charges at production of coke of required quality. Using a broad material of study, including the one carried out by the authors of the article, a wide range of application of reflectogram analysis of coals, coals blends and charges in the coking production was shown. It was demonstrated also that application of the analysis enabled to exclude the problem of “twins”, to define the degree of genetic coals recoverability and coals grades or types relation in the mixtures for the coking. Based on the elaborated by the authors reflectogram criteria of charges for coking, a strategy of coals batching was proposed, which ensures production of metallurgical coke of required and high quality and safe running of coke ovens. Based on wide experimental studies of plastic-tough properties of coal charges, porosity of coke, its X-ray structure characteristics, strength and reaction ability, theoretical ideas were formed about mechanism of interaction in a charge of petrographically nonuniform coals comprising it during coking process, by using the proposed by the authors indices of coals nonuniformity. The indices of coals, comprising the charge, nonuniformity, differ by metamorphism degree (σR) and petrographic composition (σСК), explaining regularities of forming of quality of coke from the charge with participation of petrographically nonuniform coals. The package of the factors noted by the authors, revealed in the process of the study of coals, coals blends and charges, as well as quality of coke obtained from them, enabled to elaborate a complex index of charges coking ability (К.п.к.Vo), which enables to considerably simplify the mathematical model of coke quality prediction and to increase its reliability. Mathematical models of coke quality prediction were verified and implemented at several plants of Russia.
Features of heat treatment of high-strength lean alloyed cold-resistant steel
Authors: Poletskov P. P. , Mal’kov M. V. , Mishukov M. V. , Shishlonova A. N. , Tetyushin K. P. , Nikitenko O. A.
Published: June 2021

Mechanical characteristics of an alloy, used for manufacturing parts of heavy-duty machines, operating under conditions of dynamic and cyclic loads, should meet increased requirements. According to the concept of lean alloying, quality of an alloy and highest possible properties of a chemical composition are determined by the modes of heat treatment. Results of a study of quenching temperature effect on microstructure and properties of a new lean alloyed steel MAGSTRONG 450L having the following chemical composition, %, mass: 0.21 С; 0.23 Si; 0.96 Mn; 0.03 Cr; 0.41 Ni; 0.023 Ti; 0.0021 B presented. Smelting of ingots of a given chemical composition was carried out in a vacuum induction furnace ZG-0.06L. Reduction of ingots was carried out on a hydraulic press П6334 and on a single-stand reversing hot rolling mill 500 duo. The samples were heated in a ПКМ 3.6.2/12,5 chamber furnace. Best mode of the hardening heat treatment of sheet rolled product of steel MAGSTRONG H450L was established, ensuring forming of a mixed structure, comprising 80% of lath martensite and about 20% of high temperature lamellar martensite. Such a structure ensures maximum values of impact toughness KCV–40 = 38 J/сm2 at high strength parameters (tensile strength σв = 1514 МPa, offset yield strength σ0,2 = 1243 МPа, hardness 460 HBW) and satisfactory indices of plasticity (percent elongation δ50 = 16 %) which correspondents to requirements ТС 14-101-1034–2015. Based on results obtained, recommendations were elaborated for heat treatment of the sheet steel MAGSTRONG H450L, thickness 8–20 mm as per OJSC “BELAZ” order. Application of the obtained results of the study will enable to create and perfect the technological modes of heat treatment of alloys with similar composition.
Phase-chronometric diagnostic system for main drive of rolling mill
Authors: Pronyakin V. I. , Minyazeva L. Kh.
Published: June 2021

At present at the diagnostic of metallurgical equipment state, expert methods of evaluation are prevailed which have subject character. To solve the problem of information-metrological support of rolling mill stand effectively, a phase-chronometric method was proposed, elaborated in N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University. It was shown that increase of quality of measuring diagnostical information is provided by transfer from amplitude to chronometric scale and means of its realization at relative errors about 5×10‒4 % at the industrial frequency. At the phase-chronometric method, precision measuring of time intervals, correspondent to the phases intervals of the working cycle is used, depending on characteristic features of motion of a mechanism elements. In contrast to vibro-diagnostic method, by using the phase-chronometric method, the change of operation mode of rolling equipment can be defined hundred times quicker. Cyclicity of a mechanism motion and minimal scattering of measurement results at accomplishing working cycle enable to reveal stable in time diagnostic features and individual quantitative parameters values, which characterize technical state of a rolling mill. The proposed phase-chronometric system consists of an angle sensor of position (incremental encoder), system of information collection and defining of time intervals and personal computer with application software. The system of information collection and defining of time intervals is realized based on a plate, functionally uniting high-stability pulse generator, scale convertor, counter, measuring pulse generator and chrono-comparator. The embedded systems to realize the phase-chonometric metod are simple and reliable in operation. To realize the phase-chronometric method, a mathematical model was elaborated, comprising a system of differential equations, describing interaction of the package of interrelated multi-mass torsion systems. It was showed that verified mathematical model enabled quickly to reveal defects in a rolling mill operation.
Кинетическое Монте-Карло моделирование роста нанокристаллов СdSe
Authors: Асадов С
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена моделированию кинетики коллоидной кристаллизации наночастиц (NPs) селенида кадмия (CdSe). С учетом вкладов констант скорости реакции отдельных стадий модифицировано кинетическое уравнение, включающее константы скорости реакции, термодинамические и расчетные параметры и физические свойства. Использована модифицированная кинетическая модель на основе уравнения кристаллизации, где учтены вклады адсорбции, десорбции и миграции зародившихся частиц в разное время. Модифицированная модель предполагает, что при кристаллизации NPs CdSe мономерные звенья зависят от частоты переходов присоединения и отрыва комплекса мономер–CdSe. В этом случае превращения предшественника в мономер, формирование эффективного мономера и зародышеобразование переходят в стадию роста нанокристаллов (NC CdSe) с засеянной массой. В процессе полученный нанокластер будет и дальше расти за счет раннего созревания, старения и последующего роста в более крупный NC CdSe. Кинетическим методом Монте-Карло (КМС) аппроксимирована модель процесса зарождение–рост NC с учетом разных вкладов в константы скорости реакции. Модифицированная модель с использованием КМС позволяет описать зависимости кинетических констант скорости от среднего радиуса наночастиц как функцию времени, концентрации и распределения NC CdSe в заданное время. Описаны условия формирования NPs CdSe с эволюционной функцией распределения NC CdSe в пространстве размера. Результаты моделирования кинетики коллоидной кристаллизации CdSe могут быть использованы для управления скоростью зарождения и роста NPs CdSe, а также аналогичных систем при формировании качественных NC.
ADAPTIVE VARIABLE EXTRACTIONS WITH LDA FOR CLASSIFICATION OF MIXED VARIABLES, AND APPLICATIONS TO MEDICAL DATA
Authors: Hamid Hashibah , Mahat Nor Idayu , Ibrahim Safwati
Published: June 2021

The strategy surrounding the extraction of a number of mixed variables is examined in this paper in building a model for Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Two methods for extracting crucial variables from a dataset with categorical and continuous variables were employed, namely, multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). However, in this case, direct use of either MCA or PCA on mixed variables is impossible due to restrictions on the structure of data that each method could handle. Therefore, this paper executes some adjustments including a strategy for managing mixed variables so that those mixed variables are equivalent in values. With this, both MCA and PCA can be performed on mixed variables simultaneously. The variables following this strategy of extraction were then utilised in the construction of the LDA model before applying them to classify objects going forward. The suggested models, using three real sets of medical data were then tested, where the results indicated that using a combination of the two methods of MCA and PCA for extraction and LDA could reduce the model’s size, having a positive effect on classifying and better performance of the model since it leads towards minimising the leave-one-out error rate. Accordingly, the models proposed in this paper, including the strategy that was adapted was successful in presenting good results over the full LDA model. Regarding the indicators that were used to extract and to retain the variables in the model, cumulative variance explained (CVE), eigenvalue, and a non-significant shift in the CVE (constant change), could be considered a useful reference or guideline for practitioners experiencing similar issues in future.
A SYNTACTIC-BASED SENTENCE VALIDATION TECHNIQUE FOR MALAY TEXT SUMMARIZER
Authors: Alias Suraya , Sainin Mohd Shamrie , Mohammad Siti Khaotijah
Published: June 2021

In the Automatic Text Summarization domain, a Sentence Compression (SC) technique is applied to the summary sentence to remove unnecessary words or phrases. The purpose of SC is to preserve the important information in the sentence and to remove the unnecessary ones without sacrificing the sentence's grammar. The existing development of Malay Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools is still under study with limited open access. The issue is the lack of a benchmark dataset in the Malay language to evaluate the quality of the summaries and to validate the compressed sentence produced by the summarizer model. Hence, our paper outlines a Syntactic-based Sentence Validation technique for Malay sentences by referring to the Malay Grammar Pattern. In this work, we propose a new derivation set of Syntactic Rules based on the Malay main Word Class to validate a Malay sentence that undergoes the SC procedure. We experimented using the Malay dataset of 100 new articles covering the Natural Disaster and Events domain to find the optimal compression rate and its effect on the summary content. An automatic evaluation using ROUGE (Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation) produced a result with an average F-measure of 0.5826 and an average Recall value of 0.5925 with an optimum compression rate of 0.5 Confidence Conf value. Furthermore, a manual summary evaluation by a group of Malay experts on the grammaticality of the compressed summary sentence produced a good result of 4.11 and a readability score of 4.12 out of 5. This depicts the reliability of the proposed technique to validate the Malay sentence with promising summary content and readability results.
ESTIMATION OF INTERIOR TEMPERATURE OF AN ELECTRIC OVEN
Authors: Ogwola Peter , Sullayman Muhammad Bello
Published: June 2021

This paper is aimed at estimating interior temperature of an electric oven with respect to the jacket temperature. A discrete dynamic model of first order difference equation is described for the system. Kalman filtering technique is applied to the discrete dynamic model for estimation of the interior temperature. A computer program is written to simulate the system. It was observed that the estimates of the interior temperatures are directly proportional to estimates of the Jacket temperatures with proportionality constant of 0.0009. With this method it is therefore possible to obtain the interior temperature of the electric oven at any given time.
CANDIDA DIAGNOSTIC PLATFORMS: ESSENTIAL IN EARLY MANAGEMENT OF CANDIDA INFECTIONS
Authors: Hassan Yahaya , Aminu Ibrahim , Abbdullahi Sharif Alhassan
Published: June 2021

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Candida species have significant roles in invasive candidiasis andthe emergence of clinical strains that are difficult to treat due tovirulent and resistant properties. Expansion of fungal pathogen diversity necessitates the development and adoption of new methods for prompt diagnosis and management. The review aimed to highlight the relevance of different Candida diagnostic methods for prompt management of Candida infections. The conventional gold standard diagnostic phenotypic-based (culture)method is time-consuming, associated withlow specificity and subjective interpretation.The specificity and sensitivity performances for candidaemia or deep-seated candidiasis of biochemical-based methods, including VITEK, API 20C AUX, and latex agglutination, have higher resolution than the culture. Nucleic acid-basedpolymerase chain reaction diagnostic techniques have been rapidly evolving. PCR will improve the diagnostic performance and patient outcome. The PCR technique uses different ribosomal DNA gene complexes, including D1/D2, ITS1/ITS4, or IGS1/IGS2, ashelpful markersto delineate the main pathogenic fungal species belonging to different genera. Sensitive and specific diagnostic methods for Candida speciesare significant for clinical decision and effective clinical outcome.
Infant and Young Child Feeding by Mothers in a Selected Rural Area of Mymensingh
Authors: Dipu Sultana Sobnam , Hossain Md Tufael , Begum Maksuda , Hasan AHM , Alam Fakir Sameul , Tahera Sadiqa
Published: June 2021

This study was done to know about infant and young child feeding by mothers in a selected rural area of Mymensingh and to assess nutritional status of infant and young child. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample size was 625. Sample size and study area was purposively selected. The study was conducted from December 2016 to January 2017 in Churkhai and Winnerpar villages of Bhavokhali union of Sadar upazila Mymensingh. Data were collected on a predesigned questionnaire by direct interviewing the respondents. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 16. A total of 625 mothers who had one child aged between newborn to 24 months participated in the study. Age of mothers ranged from 15 years to 50 years. Mean age of mothers was 24.56 years and standard deviation 5.36 years. Most of the mothers belonged to 15 to 24 years of age. The age of children ranged from newborn to 24 months. Mean age of children was 15.16 months, standard deviation 7.51 months. Majority of children belonged to 19 to 24 months. Majority (54.72%) had normal nutrition. Breast feeding continued up to the age when interviewed, offering colostrums and breast feeding given within half an hour after delivery were excellent among 63.36% of mothers. Weaning in due time, appropriate servings and weaning food appropriate were excellent among 74.80% of mothers of weaning age child. Exclusive breast feeding 74.02% and breast feeding continued up to the age of 24 months were 79.33% were good. Infant and Young Child Feeding practices observed in this study though better than other studies, needs more attention for improved child nutrition and survival.

CBMJ 2016 July: Vol. 05 No. 02 P: 21-25
Role of mass media in disseminating knowledge about Tuberculosis among the attendants accompanying patients of a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Nowshin Iffat , Alima Fouzia , Chowdhury Md Iqbal Bahar , Ahmed Mahmuda
Published: June 2021

Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. The use of mass media is one of the important strategies in communicating behavioural change in relation to TB prevention and the treatment. However, most of the mass media public health interventions do not sufficiently engage the people. Due to this, truly little is known about the effects of locally instigated mass media promotion.

Objective : To explore role of mass media on knowledge generation about Tuberculosis transmission in Bangladesh.

Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 adult persons(attendants of patients) of different socio-economic backgrounds attending the outpatient’s departments(OPD) of a tertiary care hospital. Purposive sampling was the process of selecting the subjects. Data were collected using one pretested semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview.

Results : A total180 respondents were interviewed. Mean age of the respondents was 28.75 ± 8.55 years. Majority of the respondents were graduate (29.0%).A total of 20.2% respondents had adequate knowledge about TB transmission without any misconceptions. Similarly, regarding the misconceptions on modes of TB transmission, 40.5% replied that TB transmits through utensils,57.6% respondents replied that TB transmits through sharing clothes/bed sheets/towel. About 28.3% respondents had the perception that the cost of TB treatment is high. Among the respondents30.5% had the false perception that it was necessary to go to big hospitals for TB treatment. Highest 140 (77.8%) respondents said television as the source of information in TB prevention. Friends/ relatives/ teachers, newspaper, radio, billboard etc. were the other sources. Twenty did not hear of TB prevention program.

Conclusion : The mass media can be effective in getting messages about TB across to the community in developing countries. In this study we found that television, newspapers, and billboards were particularly useful tools for reaching out to them with specific campaigns regarding TB control.

Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.11 (2) Jan 2020: 463-467
Pharma industry social communication in Italy: quantitative and qualitative analysis of data from a Social Observatory
Authors: Tissoni Francesco , Venditti Giulia , Canzano Martina
Published: June 2021

Introduction. We developed a Social Observatory in the HealthCare (HC) & Pharma sector to better understand how the focus by Pharma companies on social communication has been implemented, following the new legislation that allows social advertising for over the counter (OTC) drugs.

Methods and results. Activity on social networks between 01/06/2018 and 31/05/2019 has been analysed. The social channels monitored were: Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter and YouTube. Activity from 13 companies with HQ in Italy (Abiogen, Alfasigma, Angelini, Chiesi, Doc Generici, Dompé, Italfarmaco, Kedrion, Mediolanum, Menarini, Molteni, Recordati, Zambon) and 16 companies with HQ elsewhere (Abbvie, Amgen, Amway, Bayer, Gilead, GSK - Glaxo SmithKline, J&J/Janssen, Merck Serono, MSD, Nature’s Bounty, Novartis, P&G, Pfizer, Reckitt Benckiser, Roche, Sanofi) was captured and analysed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Italy HQ companies seem to use these channels to a lesser extent compared to companies HQs elsewhere. Examples of all the different Brand characters (i.e. Friendly, Playful, Warm, etc), tones (personal, honest, humble, etc) and purposes (engage, entertain, educate, etc) were captured and discussed in detail in the article.

Conclusions. Pharma companies have a wide-ranging approach to communicating through social media. These data represent an important baseline to carefully analyse the evolution of social communication of HC&Pharma sector in Italy.
ALGINATE-CONTAINING BIOGEL FROM BROWN ALGAE AS A POTENTIAL HEALTH PREVENTION AGENT FOR TEST LABORATORY EMLOYEES
Authors: Vazhenina A. A. , Trankovskaya L. V. , Plekhova N. G. , Zinov’ev S. V. , Perelomova O. V. , Aminina N. M.
Published: June 2021

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of alginate-containing biogel as a health prevention agent for employees of test laboratories with chemical and biological occupational hazards. Methods: An experimental non-controlled study. The sample consisted of 43 healthy non-smoking volunteers aged 24-75 years who were examined before and after taking 30 gram of the food supplement «Laminal (biogel from algae)» during 4 weeks. Cells in smears of buccal epithelium stained with alizarin red C, used fluorescence microscopy were studied. We assessed cells differentiation degrees, cytochemical coefficients and quantified structural features of the nuclei and cytoplasm. Results: We observed stabilization of the cellular elements of buccal epithelium after the use of Laminal with no cytotoxic effects. The number of pathological epithelial cells significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The number of cells with signs of keratinization also decreased over the study period (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The studied food supplement "Laminal (seaweed biogel)" has a potential to mitigate occupational hazards on the oral epithelium among laboratory workers.
Stress, psychosocial factors and the New Zealand forest industry workforce: Seeing past the risk of harm to the potential for individual and organisational wellbeing
Authors: Best Trevor , Visser Rien , Conradson David
Published: June 2021

Background: There is clear evidence that stress is having an impact on the health and wellbeing of the forest industry workforce in Aotearoa New Zealand. While this has legal ramifications under the national health and safety legislation, international research also shows that harm to mental health invariably leads to reductions in work force productivity and business profitability. The reverse is also true: improved mental wellbeing can lead to greater worker engagement and commitment, which in turn increases productivity and profitability. Although these relationships are well substantiated, managers and leaders in the forest industry may not be aware of either the existence of a workplace stress problem or of its impact.
Methods: A critical review is undertaken of stress and psychosocial hazards research within the international forest industry or similar industries (e.g. construction), with particular attention given to the explanation of psychosocial hazards. 
Results: International research on the forest industry largely confirms what we know about harmful aspects of job content and workplace conditions. However, it is argued that the focus within this research on job content and immediate workplace conditions obscures the impact of the wider social context. This limits the potential of management to move beyond seeing psychosocial factors simply as risks to be minimised at the workplace level. Bringing an ecological perspective to the analysis of forestry workplaces makes it easier to identify the elements of forest management practice that may contribute to stress within the workforce. It also becomes easier to identify the interactions between family, community and workplaces that may either exacerbate or reduce workforce stress.
Conclusions: This paper highlights particular opportunities for reducing stress and enhancing wellbeing within the New Zealand forest industry workforce. It suggests that the psychosocial conditions that contribute to mental ill-health can be reconfigured to promote mental health, with wellbeing benefits that extend beyond the workplace. Psychosocial demands on a person can be motivating as long as the person has the resources to meet the challenge. Successful stewardship of the psychosocial environment at the forest management level is thus an opportunity to increase value to both investors and other stakeholders.
BIG DATA IN CLOUD COMPUTING: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Jagani Neelay , Jagani Parthil , Shah Suril
Published: June 2021

—Big Data and Cloud Computing are two of the
most important technologies of the day. Since data is being
generated exponentially every day, Big Data has gained a
lot of significance in any technology. The daily explosion of
data means that it’s better to have big data included in the
applications. Whereas cloud computing is allowing users to
use platforms according to their time, convenience and
affordability. It is providing users ability to collaborate
and work efficiently more than ever. Combining these two
technologies can give a hands down advantage to the users
in terms of knowledge and efficiency. Big Data, when used
in cloud computing has applications in different fields such
as Finance, Management, supply chain, planning, data
storage, warehouses and many more. In this paper, we
have discussed Big Data implementation and application in
Cloud Computing. 4 V’s in big data can be applied in
Cloud computing to get better performance, higher input
details, better insights, reliable and secure platforms at
comparatively lower costs. Different analytics, technology
involved in coupling of big data with cloud computing, the
challenges involved in this process, trends applications of
the domain and security factors involved are discussed in
this paper
Managing transition risks on the road to net-zero
Authors: Afful-Dadzie Anthony , Löschel Andreas , Newman Catherine , Geels Frank , Freeman Rachel , Christie-Miller Ted
Published: June 2021

This session will discuss risks and opportunities for firms, organisations, communities and other actors in the transition to net-zero.
Engagement and Participation
Authors: Munro-Faure Amy , Kuppuswamy Chamu , Clay Dan , Cunningham Malaika , Willis Rebecca , Elstub Stephen
Published: June 2021

In this session speakers will present their research on deliberative democracy and public engagement in policy making followed by discussion.
Primer on the climate negotiations/COP26
Authors: Martin Beth , Bach Tracy , Michaelowa Axel , Low Melissa
Published: June 2021

Learn how to navigate a COP, track specific negotiation items of interest, understand the COP policymakers' need for research and how to bring your research to the negotiations with Tracy Bach and Beth Martin, RINGO CFPs.
Decarbonising transport in cities
Authors: Creutzig Felix , Vancluysen Karen , Chaniotakis Manos , Aldred Rachel
Published: June 2021

This session will review and discuss the latest evidence on active travel, mobility-as-a-service, shared mobility, public transport and other ways to decarbonise transport in the urban environment.
Closing (Policy): Policies for delivering CoP26 mitigation objectives
Authors: Slingenberg Yvon , Watson Jim , Anadon Laura , Fuller Frances , Chambers Hana , Bilello Dan , Pulgar Vidal Manuel
Published: June 2021

This session will evaluate policies for delivering on near-term mitigation opportunities, and invite policy response.
Youth advocacy and campaigning in the lead up to COP26
Authors: Bashal Serena , Wilson Tom
Published: June 2021

This session will explore the role of youth in decision-making, including how young people can get involved with climate activism, mobilise for COP26 and help achieve net-zero targets.
Live poster session 3: Mainstreaming Adaptation in the Global South
Authors: Challinor Andrew , Schleussner Carl , McNamara Karen , Crowley Kate , Marchant Rob , Iohannes Sessen Daniel
Published: June 2021

This poster session complements the related session on the Land stage, and through poster presentations and discussion will explore how to promote action-orientated adaptation research in the Global South at the scale needed.
ФРОНТОВОЙ БЫТ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ: СТРУКТУРА И ОСОБЕННОСТИ
Authors: Сенявская Елена Спартаковна
Published: June 2021

Фронтовая повседневность определяется автором как совокупность опасности боя и повседневности быта во всём многообразии их типичных и уникальных проявлений. В  данной статье рассматриваются особенности фронтового быта Красной Армии в  период Великой Отечественной войны на основе эго-документов (писем, дневников, мемуаров) и материалов «устной истории» – воспоминаний-интервью её участников, представителей разных родов войск и военных профессий, принадлежащих к рядовому, младшему и среднему командному составу. Показано, что от качества солдатского быта, его организации в  экстремальных военных условиях во многом зависел моральный дух войск и их боеспособность, а недостаточное внимание к отдельным бытовым факторам негативно сказывалось на ходе боевых действий или приводило к неоправданно большим потерям. Изучение фронтовой повседневности, ее тяжести и противоречивости, через мироощущение и судьбы отдельных фронтовиков позволяет глубже понять «человеческий ракурс» новейшей военной истории, тот трудноуловимый субъективный фактор, который в экстремальных условиях войны мог неожиданно перевесить все факторы материальные и оказаться «последней каплей», склоняющей чашу весов в сторону побед или поражений.
Front-line life is a combination of the danger of battle and everyday life in all the variety of their typical and unique manifestations. This article examines the specifics of the front-line life of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War based on ego-documents (letters, diaries, memoirs) and on “oral history” – memoirs-interviews of its participants belonging to the armed forces and military professions of the rank-and-file and the command staff. It is shown that the morale of the troops and their fighting capacity largely depended on the quality of the soldier’s life, its organization in extreme military conditions. Insufficient attention to certain household factors negatively affected the course of hostilities or led to unjustifiably large losses. The study of the front-line everyday life in all its diversity and controversy through the eyes and the fates of individual front-line soldiers allows us to better understand the “human perspective” of recent military history, the elusive subjective factor that in extreme conditions could unexpectedly outweigh all material factors and turn out to be the “last straw” that tips the scales in favor of victories or defeats.