bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The experience of fighting suffocation”: A somatic metaphor in late Soviet narratives of dissidence and emigration
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zelenina G. S. ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: October 2023

The article examines the cluster of motives of air shortage, labored respiration, suffocation and strangling as one of the important topoi in autobiographical texts written by Soviet dissidents during the era of stagnation, including activists of the Jewish national movement who struggled for emigration from the Soviet Union. The topos has several variations in dissident discourse; it has a mirror parallel in pro-government discourse, i. e., the motive of purifying the air of the motherland by expelling foreign and hostile members of society who pollute it; it has a continuation in egodocuments written in emigration; and, finally, it may constitute a foundation in the deteriorating ecological reality and environmentalist rhetoric of the Soviet press which became increasingly conscious of environmental pollution during the 1970s. Besides such explanations as this topos being a possible reflection of environmental anxiety or a description of shortness of breath characteristic of depressive disorders to which some of the dissident authors were prone, it is assumed that the choice of this particular somatic metaphor among other possible ones in order to describe the unbearableness of living in the Soviet Union was primarily due to its very frequency, which led to a kind of suffocation epidemic and ensured the reproduction of the topos.
‘If we do not worship idols, then we worship sin in every possible way’: The topoi of pagan sacrifice in a late 17th century sermon
Authors:   Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Popovich A. I.
Published: October 2023

This article examines the specificity of late 17th century preachers’ employment of the topoi of sacrifice to a demon/idol/devil, which have their roots in biblical and Church Fathers’ denunciations of paganism. The article mostly focuses on sermons from the little-studied handwritten collection Statir, created by an unknown author in the Kama Region, and on sermons from the collection Spiritual Dinner (Rus. Obed Dushevnyi) by Simeon Polotsky. The works of Dimitry Rostovsky are also used to reconstruct the multidimensional context of polemics. These authors are united by their increased focus on contemporaneousness, and by their desire to offer the listener/reader by means of homilies an ideal of salvation (including ‘everyday martyrdom’), contrasting it with ‘sacrifice to idols’. The study identified sources of the topoi chosen by the authors: biblical books, the works of John Chrysostom, and sermons from the Didactic Gospel (1619) by Cyril Tranquillion-Stavrovetsky. The article shows that the circumstances which prompted the preachers to turn to these common places were the church schism and the increasing opposition of the church and state to superstition and other ‘pagan matters’. In the atmosphere of an age of change, scholars sought to combat sin through spiritual enlightenment of the flock, appealing to the inner world of man while avoiding unnecessary formalisation of their work by adapting topoi to current circumstances.
From logic to nonsense: Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language in Walking of Thomas Bernhard
Authors:   Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences), Kriukova E. B. , Koval O. A. ,   Russian Christian Academy for the Humanities
Published: October 2023

The article attempts to reveal the scale of influence of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus on the subject matter and writing method of Thomas Bernhard. On the basis of the novella Walking, published in 1970, we demonstrate that the issues raised by Wittgenstein at the beginning of the 20th century were of primary importance for Bernhard. The Austrian writer was interested not only in establishing the relationship between the world and language, but also in extrapolating this metaphysical problem to an understanding of the nature of literary creativity. Wittgenstein in his work asked the critical question about the possibility of adequate transmission of events by means of language and sought to explore its ontological and logical foundations. However, this idea of the philosopher receives an unusual refraction in the novella Walking. On the one hand, Bernhard casts doubt on Wittgenstein’s assumption about the initial isomorphism of words and objects and condemns his characters to endless wandering in the closed space of speech. On the other hand, in such a negative way he confirms the ideological core of the “linguistic turn”, and, in fact, that human existence is determined by language. Thus, literary exploration of themes of madness, suicide, the deceptiveness of reality, which in the logical continuum of the Tractatus are declared nonsensical, leads Bernhard’s narrative to an existential level.
Geoffrey of Monmouth and Breton aristocracy in 12th century England: Social and political contexts of “On the deeds of the Britons”
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Mereminskiy S. G.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to reconstructing the social context of the works of Geoffrey of Monmouth, one of the most prominent 12th-century English historical writers. For this, a corpus of documents is analyzed, in which Geoffrey himself and his probable patrons appear, as well as the textual history of the historian’s writings, primarily the “On the deeds of the Britons”. This analysis make it possible to put forward a number of conclusions. Geoffrey himself most likely belonged to a family of Breton immigrants to England, although there is no direct evidence of this. Geoffrey’s patron in the 1130s and the 1140s, Walter, Archdeacon of Oxford, was part of the entourage of the Anglo-Breton baron Brian Fitz-Count, court knight of King Henry I, and later one of the leading supporters of his daughter, Empress Matilda. It is most likely that it was through Brian that Walter and Geoffrey got in touch with Robert, Earl of Gloucester, Empress Matilda’s brother and dedicatee of the original version of the “On the deeds of the Britons”. Perhaps it was through Brian and his wife Matilda that a copy of Geoffrey’s book came to the Norman Abbey of Bec, where it was found in January 1139 by another English historian, Henry of Huntingdon. Around 1141, possibly due to the failures of the ‘Angevin’ party and Brian personally, Archdeacon Walter began to establish contacts with King Stephen’s supporters, including with representatives of the Beaumont family, one of whom, Count Waleran, became the dedicatee of a slightly revised version of the ‘On the deeds of the Britons’.
Welcoming speeches of Scottish subjects during the great progress of King James I Stuart to Edinburgh in 1617
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Dzyubinskaya K. D.
Published: October 2023

This article analyzes the welcoming speeches made by Scottish intellectuals during the journey of James VI and I Stuart to Scotland in 1617. These speeches, composed by the intellectuals themselves, reflected Scottish renaissance ideas on the status of Scotland. On the one hand, through such adresses Scottish intellectuals obtained the possibility to communicate with the crown and to express their attitude to the union of the two crowns and the king’s desire to reform the Scottish church. The author of the article pays special attention to the fact that Scottish intellectuals acknowledged the union of Scotland and England but perceived it as a union of two autonomous kingdoms. Using narratives drawn from Scottish history, intellectuals depicted for King James VI and I Stuart the historical independence of Scotland from English kings and the freedom of the Scottish Kirk from the influence of Rome. On the other hand, King James VI and I Stuart himself was part of this intellectual Scottish community, acting as patron for universities, colleges, and the intellectual community itself. In conclusion we notice that the welcoming speeches were similar in their content, depicting the glorious history of Scotland with the aim to extol Scottish culture and their Scottish King James VI and I Stuart.
History or politics? Ideas about the Wars of the Roses in 17th–18th-century Britain
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Braun E. D.
Published: October 2023

The transformation of ideas about the Wars of the Roses in British historical memory has been studied insufficiently. It is believed that the 17th–18th centuries were an era of stagnation, when this conflict was interpreted in the way of Shakespeare’s “Historical chronicles”. The 19th century, on the contrary, was marked by a revolution in historical thought. The purpose of this article is to test the established point of view. The analysis showed that the transformation of the images of the Wars of the Roses in the historical memory of the British was smooth, not intermittent. During the 17th–18th centuries the rehabilitation of the main participants in the conflict began. For example, Richard III was no longer considered a monster and a hunchback, and Margaret of Anjou lost her reputation as an ambitious and short-sighted woman and turned into a heroic defender of the rights of the Lancaster dynasty. The chronological framework was narrowed from 1399–1485 to 1450–1485, finally, the Wars of the Roses were no longer considered the bloodiest and most unpleasant segment of English history. Changes during the 17th–18th centuries paved the way for further evolution of views on this conflict and became the foundation for the historical constructs of 19th century researchers.
Royal counselors and nobles in Hincmar of Reims’s political concept
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Fedonnikov N. A.
Published: October 2023

This article is devoted to the role of royal counselors and nobles in Hincmar of Reims’s political concept. The study is based on political instructions of the prelate of Reims, such as “De regis persona et regio ministerio” and “De ordine palatii”, as well as the letters of the archbishop and his compilation of the Annals of St Bertin. Analysis of Hincmar’s texts shows that royal power was based on harmony between the king, the nobility, and the clergy. Drawing attention to contemporary events, the prelate of Reims criticizes both representatives of the nobility in the Kingdom of the West Franks, and the kings who indulge them. In Hincmar’s opinion, the only way for a king to rule virtuously and rightfully is to rely on the advice of just and wise counselors. The virtues of the royal inner circle are the same as the virtues of the king: justice, mercy, wisdom, piety, humility. The Reims prelate envisions a bishop as the ideal royal advisor. Moreover, since the priest is responsible to the Lord for the king’s deeds, he must strictly observe the fulfilment of king’s duties. In this regard, Hincmar constructs the office of an apocrisiarius-archcapellan, an envoy from the Frankish episcopate, who would supervise all church affairs at court and guide the king’s ethics as well.
Diseño y construcción de un sistema de seguimiento solar para un prototipo de colector cilindro-parabólico
Authors: Tarazona-Romero Brayan Eduardo , Rincón Quintero Arly Darío , Ascanio Villabona Javier Gonzalo , Sandoval Rodriguez Camilo Leonardo
Published: October 2023

La búsqueda de alternativas tecnológicas para satisfacer diversas necesidades globales, ha desencadenado un arduo proceso de investigación y desarrollos tecnológicos a nivel mundial para el aprovechamiento de los recursos renovables. Por su parte, los colectores lineales cilindro-parabólicos, han demostrado ser una alternativa para realizar el proceso de calentamiento de agua y para la producción de energia eléctrica. Por su parte, el grupo de investigación en sistemas de energia, automatización y control (GISEAC) de las unidades Tecnológicas de Santander, desarrollo un prototipo de colector Cilindro-Parabólico con materiales de bajo coste y disponibles en la región (Bucaramanga, Colombia). En consecuente, para mejorar el rendimiento del dispositivo, en este documento se presenta el dimensionamiento, implementacion y testeado de un sistema de seguimiento de trayectoria solar en un solo eje, en un colector Cilindro-Parabólico a pequeña escala, aplicando un sistema de control de lazo cerrado. El sistema de control está gobernado por un sistema integrado por un módulo ESP32 y un microcontrolador Raspberry PI3. El eje del dispositivo esta acoplado a un mecanismo compuesto por un sistema de transmisión de engranajes y cadenas, acoplado directamente a un motor eléctrico. El posicionamiento del Angulo del colector está determinado por  un sensor que mide directamente la cantidad de LUX e identifica por medio del algoritmo desarrollado, la ubicación con mayores niveles  de radiación solar directa incidente. De esta manera, el sistema puede seguir la posición solar durante todo el transcurso del día solar. Finalmente, se puede resaltar que el porcentaje máximo de desviación del sistema de  seguimiento solar, es inferior al 1%. A su vez, el rendimiento del sistema de seguimiento de trayectoria solar implementado “Sistema de seguimiento solar Automático”, aumento en un porcentaje superior al 40 % respecto al sistema de seguimiento inicial “Sistema de seguimiento solar manual”.
Effects of the fecal odor of Mustela sibirica on the foraging behavior of Microtus fortis
Authors: Li Shuang , An Yuting , Li Anna , Li Jiacheng , Ma bo , Yang dongmei , Tao shuanglun , Li junnian
Published: October 2023

Foraging is one of the behaviors in which animals are most at risk from
predation, the optimal foraging theory states that an animal will get
the maximum benefit at the lowest possible cost, and predator odor
stress plays an important role in the growth, development and
reproduction of animals. However, the effects of predation risk and
maternal effects on foraging behavior are not clear. To investigate the
influence of predation risk on the foraging behavior of the first filial
generation through the maternal effects during the breeding period, we
tookMicrotus fortis as the experimental subject, and the fecal odor of
the predator M. sibirica was taken as the predation risk source; the
matrix was placed in the odor exposure box during gestation and
lactation, respectively, and the foraging behavior was tested after the
first filial generation was weaned. We found that predator odor would
increase the rate of food intake by increasing the size of their mouths,
increasing the frequency of feeding, and decreasing the duration of
feeding. In addition, voles also increased the size of their mouths when
exposed to the scent of the non-predator apodemus agrarius, suggesting
that they could gain an advantage in resource competition by eating more
food. Therefore, in addition to improving energy intake through food
selection, animals can also improve foraging efficiency and reduce
predation risk by changing foraging behavior characteristics, which
provides a new entry point for anti-predation strategies of animals and
enrich the research on anti-predation behaviors.
Transitioning from anthropogenic to natural acidification in a humic catchment in Norway: projections of deposition and climate change effects
Authors: Wit Heleen A de , Clayer Francois , Kaste Øyvind , Norling Magnus
Published: October 2023

Five decades of monitoring data (1974-2022) at the acidified,
acid-sensitive forested catchment of Langtjern in southern Norway
document strong chemical recovery and browning of surface water, related
to changes in sulfur (S) deposition. We used the process-oriented model
MAGIC to simulate water chemistry from 1860 to 2100 using historical and
projected deposition and climate. New in MAGIC is i) a solubility
control of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from S deposition, which
allows inclusion of the changing role of organic acids in chemical
recovery, and ii) climate-dependency of weathering rates. MAGIC
successfully described measured chemical recovery and browning, and the
change towards organic acid dominated acidification status. Hindcasts of
pH suggested lower preindustrial pH than previously modelled with MAGIC,
simulated without sulfate-dependency of DOC solubility. Climate
scenarios indicated substantially wetter climate, leading to increased
base cation losses and slight reacidification of the surface waters. A
sensitivity analysis of weathering rates revealed that a doubling of
weathering rates is needed to reach pre-industrial ANC in 2100, given
that S deposition is expected to be reduced to a minimum. We conclude
that impacts of climate change are most likely to lead to slight
reacidification of surface waters, and that enhanced weathering rates
could partly compensate this trend.
Influence of interpersonal intimacy on detection of social norm violations
Authors: Wang Juan , Liang Bing , Li Bingbing , Fan Xiaoyue , Mu Yan
Published: October 2023

Social norms are critical for the effective functioning of social
systems. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of
in-group/out-group on moral violations and cultural differences in
social norm violations. The impacts of such violations within intimate
relationships remain poorly understood. In this study, 35 Chinese
college students judged the appropriateness of their mother’s or a
stranger’s behaviors (e.g., singing) in different situations (e.g.,
library). The participants’ electroencephalography activities were
analyzed when mothers and strangers violated social norms or conformed
to them, aiming to uncover the neural mechanism underlying how
interpersonal intimacy influences the detection of others’ normative
behavior. The ERP results revealed that compared with social norm
conformity, social norm violations by the mother elicited a stronger
N400 which was related to cognitive conflict, and strangers elicited a
more positive LPP which was related to cognitive assessment. However, no
significant difference was observed by strangers in N400 and by mothers
in LPP between violating and conforming to social norms. These findings
suggest that interpersonal intimacy influences the detection of social
norm violations. These findings broadly support the Norm Focus Theory,
which posits that individuals assess the behavior of those they are
intimate with more quickly and strictly, while they exert more cognitive
effort later when assessing a stranger’s violation behavior. This aligns
with Chinese culture’s interpersonal tendencies, which emphasize
self-discipline and the characteristics of ‘being round outside and
square inside’. The results offer insights into how intimate
relationships impact behavioral and neural responses to social norm
violations.
Influence of medical and social factors on parents' attitude to specific prevention of infectious diseases in children of the Saratov region during the new coronavirus infection pandemic
Authors: Mikhailova E. V. , Malugina T. N. , Levin D. Yu. , Polyakova A. N. , Serdyukov A. Yu.
Published: October 2023

Objective: to analyze the influence of medical and social factors on the attitude of parents to the specific prevention of infectious diseases in children during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection. Material and methods. Anonymous questioning of parents on the attitude to vaccination was conducted. A specially designed questionnaire included questions about attitudes towards vaccines included in the National Immunization Schedule, as well as those not included in it, in particular, the desire of parents to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 was assessed. In total, 153 people aged 17 to 42 took part in the survey — parents of children aged 1 to 14 years. Results. All parents under 18 years of age support vaccination in accordance with the National Vaccination Calendar; 52.1% of parents aged 18—25 years (p < 0.001), 55.6% of parents aged 26—35 years (p < 0.001 compared to parents under 18 years old), and 66.7% of parents over 35 years old (p < 0.001 compared to parents under 18 years old and parents 18—35 years old). Conclusion. The main medical and social factors associated with the refusal to carry out preventive vaccinations for their children are: the age of parents under 35, incomplete higher education and trust in information received on the Internet. The results obtained indicate the need to determine the «risk group» among parents who express doubts about the need for vaccination. It is necessary to conduct educational programs for them in order to form a positive attitude towards the specific prevention of infectious diseases.
Hypotheses and facts about congenital tuberculosis
Authors: Kiselevich O. K. , Ivanova A. A. , Abramchenko A. V. , Yusubova A. N.
Published: October 2023

Congenital tuberculosis is a rare disease that occurs during intrauterine infection transmission from a mother with an active tuberculosis process to a child. Symptoms and signs may be minimal and non-specific. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to find evidence to confirm congenital children tuberculosis. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment have a significant positive effect on the disease course and outcome. An analysis of 9 articles, published in the domestic literature, describing clinical cases of 11 patients, diagnosed with congenital tuberculosis, the criteria and validity of such a diagnosis were made and considered.
Improving the prediction of the immune status state dynamics in children with HIV infection
Authors: Denisenko V. B. , Simovanyan E. M.
Published: October 2023

The goal is to improve the prediction of the immune status state dynamics in children with HIV infection, taking into account the results of clinical and laboratory examination. Materials and methods. Clinical, immunological and molecular genetic examination was carried in 81 children with HIV infection at the age of median Me 22 months (interquartile interval of IQI 13—42 months). The duration of observation of patients was Me 10 months ( IQI 4—12 months). The time interval before the development of severe immunosuppression according to the WHO classification was determined. The criterion for severe immunosuppression was a decrease in the absolute number of CD4-lymphocytes less than 0.5 x 109/l, their relative number — less than 20%. To determine the factors influencing the rate of development of severe immunosuppression, mathematical models of the analysis of the time to the onset of the event (survival) and Cox proportional intensities were used. Results. Severe immunosuppression developed in 92.5% of children aged Me 32 months (IQI 17—54 months). Testing of clinical and laboratory parameters at the beginning of the study in mathematical models showed that statistical significance in the multifactorial model (P = 0.011) was demonstrated by the indicators «HIV blood viral load of 100 000 cop./ml or more» (odds ratio OR 3.1; 95% confidence interval 95% CI 1.9—10.2; P = 0.012), «Active form of cytomegalovirus infection» (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.2—7.8; P = 0.026), «Active form of Epstein-Barr virus infection» (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1—4.6; P = 0.040). Conclusion. The vast majority of children with HIV infection (92.5%) at the age of Me 32 months ( IQI 17—54 months) developed severe immunosuppression. Independent factors that influenced the timing of severe immunosuppression development were the high rate of HIV replication and the presence of active forms of cytomegalovirus infection and Epstein-Barr virus infection. To prevent the progression of immunological disorders in children with HIV infection, it is necessary not only to prescribe antiretroviral therapy earlier, but also timely diagnosis and treatment of active forms of herpesvirus infections.
Clinical presentation of patients with lower limb spasticity undergoing routine treatment with botulinum toxin: baseline findings from an international observational study
Authors: Esquenazi Alberto , Zorowitz Richard D. , Ashford Stephen , Maisonobe Pascal , Page Simon , Jacinto Jorge
Published: October 2023

Objective: Describe how people with lower limb spasticity present for treatment in routine clinical practice.
Methods: Prospective, observational study (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04050527) of ambulatory adult patients (≥ 18 years) with unilateral lower limb spasticity (able to take ≥ 5 steps with or without assistance) presenting for routine spasticity management, including treatment with abobotulinumtoxinA.
Results: The study population included 430 adults with lower limb spasticity. Despite their relatively young age (mean ± standard deviation 53.7 ± 13.9 years), only 20% of patients were employed. Most patients had an acquired brain injury due to cerebrovascular disease; 84.1% reported having concomitant upper limb spasticity. Using the Leg Activity Measure, most patients reported no or only mild difficulties in performing hygiene/positioning tasks, while 80.7% had at least mild difficulty with indoor ambulation and 90.5% had at least mild difficulty with walking outdoors. Sensory, communication and/or cognitive impairments were also common. At the first treatment cycle, 50.7% of patients set active function primary goals, including locomotion transferring or standing.
Conclusion: These observations highlight the complexity of presentation that must be considered when setting treatment goals for lower limb spasticity and emphasize the types of impairment and activity (functional) limitations that treating teams may expect to encounter in their patients and should cover in their initial and follow-up assessments.
Å studere elevers læring gjennom en fokuselev
Authors: Klemp Torunn , Nedberg Audhild
Published: October 2023

Merk: Denne artikkelen ble publisert i tidsskriftet FOU i praksis. Tidsskriftet skiftet navn til Nordisk tidsskrift for utdanning og praksis i september 2019.
Denne artikkelen presenterer og diskuterer erfaringer fra et forsknings- og utviklingsprosjekt der lærerstudenter på masterutdanning for 1.–7. trinn ved UiT Norges arktiske universitetet, følger én enkelt elevs faglige og sosiale utvikling over tid i praksis (fokuselev). Gjennom undervisning i forkant og underveis får studentene faglig ballast til å observere, forstå og beskrive elevens kompetanse. Studentenes evaluering av prosjektet og gruppeintervjuer med studenter og praksislærere er grunnlag for forskningsprosjektet om hvilke erfaringer arbeidet med fokuseleven har gitt studentene. Gjennom kvalitativ analyse framkommer to trekk: Studentene er blitt mer bevisste på at praksisopplæring er mer enn å øve på undervisning, og de ser at kunnskap om én elev gir kunnskap om mange. Basert på Deweys tenkning om lærerstudenten som student i praksis («student of teaching») tolker og diskuterer vi studentenes erfaringer i lys av begrepet ‘vekstfremmende erfaringer’ («educative experiences»). Til tross for et begrenset materiale mener vi at studien har et potensial til å bidra i diskusjonen om hvordan progresjonen i praksisopplæringa kan bli tydeligere.
Sitér: Klemp, T., Nedberg, A. (2016). Å studere elevers læring gjennom en fokuselev. Tidsskriftet FoU i Praksis, 10(2), 23–43.
English abstract
English title: To study pupils’ learning by focusing on an individual pupil
This article presents and discusses experiences from a research and development project where Norwegian student teachers within the program of Master of Education, year 1–7 at UiT The Arctic University of Norway, follow a pupil’s learning processes in the fields of social and subject development over time. Prior to the field practice the students are equipped with relevant theory in order to observe, understand and describe the pupil’s competence. The research concerning the student teachers’ learning experiences in this development project is based on the students’ written evaluations and group interviews with students and practice teachers. Through qualitative analysis of this material, we made two important findings: First, that learning through practice is more than just training for classroom management and second, that knowledge about one pupil is at the same time knowledge of many. Based on Dewey’s theory on student teachers as students of teaching, the findings are interpreted and discussed in the light of his concept ‘educative experiences’. Even though the material for the study is limited, the study is nevertheless an important contribution to the discussion of quality in field practice in teacher education.
Læreres møte med elever i yrkesopplæringens fellesfag
Authors: Lindset Marit , Rismark Marit , Lyngsnes Kitt
Published: October 2023

Merk: Denne artikkelen ble publisert i tidsskriftet FOU i praksis. Tidsskriftet skiftet navn til Nordisk tidsskrift for utdanning og praksis i september 2019.
Rundt femti prosent av elevene som begynner på yrkesfag i Norge, fullfører ikke utdanningen innen fem år. Dette gir grunnlag for å vurdere hvordan utdanningen er bygd opp. Spesielt erfarer yrkesfagelevene at fellesfagene (språk, matematikk, naturfag og samfunnsfag) er utfordrende. Utdanningens innhold og relevans bør diskuteres. Det empiriske materialet som presenteres i denne artikkelen, er funn fra en kvalitativ studie av fem lærere som underviser i fellesfagene innenfor yrkesfaglige utdanningsprogrammer. Studien dreier seg om lærernes reaksjoner i møte med disse elevene. Funnene viser at lærerne erfarer at opplæringens struktur og skolens organisering innebærer visse begrensninger for undervisning og læring i fellesfagene. Videre viser funn at lærerne utformer ulike pedagogiske grep for å kompensere for elevenes læreforutsetninger i disse fagene.
Sitér: Lindset, M., Rismark, M., Lyngsnes , K. (2016). Læreres møte med elever i yrkesopplæringens fellesfag. Tidsskriftet FoU i Praksis, 10(2), 45–59.
English abstract
English title: How common core teachers meet students in vocational training
In Norway around fifty percent of the students who begin a vocational training have not completed the education within five years. This gives us reason to look into how the training is designed. Students in vocational education often experience common core subjects (language, mathematics, science, and social science) as particularly challenging, so the design and relevance of these subjects in vocational programs needs to be discussed. The empirical material presented in this article is findings from a qualitative study of five teachers teaching common core subjects within vocational education programs. The study examines the teachers’ reflections about students in these programs. Analysis of the teachers’ descriptions of their pupils, their experiences of organizational frameworks and their depictions of various educational measures they adopt to meet student challenges, illustrates that learning for students exceeds the idea of learning as acquisition of professional content. The findings show that there are challenges associated with the cognitive and the psychodynamic dimensions of learning. It is also suggested that the current common core curriculum affects the conditions for communication and interaction in learning situations.
Bokmelding: Skrive om å skrive om å skrive
Authors: Solheim Randi , Smidt Jon
Published: October 2023

Torunn Klemp, Vivi Nilssen, Elin Strømman og Carl Fredrik Dons (2016). På vei til å bli skrivelærer: Lærerstudenten i dialog med teori og praksis. Cappelen Damm Akademisk
Bokomtale: Spesialpedagogikken i fortid, nåtid og fremtid
Authors: Uthus Marit
Published: October 2023

Edvard Befring: Grunnbok i spesialpedagogikk. Universitetsforlaget, 224 sider
Begrunnelser for å praktisere kjønnsdelt kroppsøving i norsk skole
Authors: Klomsten Anne Torhild
Published: October 2023

Merk: Denne artikkelen ble publisert i tidsskriftet FOU i praksis. Tidsskriftet skiftet navn til Nordisk tidsskrift for utdanning og praksis i september 2019.
I dagens skole er kjønnsblandet undervisning grunnregelen. Allikevel er det ikke uvanlig at jenter og gutter har undervisning i kjønnsdelte grupper i kroppsøving. I studien som ligger til grunn for denne artikkelen, utforskes be- grunnelser for å kjønnsdele faget. Data er innhentet gjennom en spørreunder- søkelse som er gjort ved alle landets grunnskoler. Analysene viser at begrunnelser for kjønnsdelt undervisning i kroppsøving kan kategoriseres i ulike interesser og behov: dominerende gutter, fysiske forskjeller, sårbart kroppsbilde og jenter som «blomstrer». Resultatene diskuteres i lys av ulike forståelser av likestillingsarbeid i skolen. Studien belyser et viktig perspektiv i den pedagogiske debatten omkring kjønn i kroppsøving, og gir innsikt i en pro- blemstilling som er aktuell og nødvendig å belyse dersom intensjoner om be- vegelsesglede og fysisk aktivitet skal bli reelle for alle elever i skolen.
Sitér: Klomsten, A. T. (2016). Begrunnelser for å praktisere kjønnsdelt kroppsøving i norsk skole. Tidsskriftet FoU i praksis, 10(1), 63–84.
English abstract
English title: Reasons for practicing segregated physical education in schools
In Norway many schools practice segregated physical education. This article explores the reasons for practicing segregated physical education in schools. Data is collected through survey. The results show the following reasons for se- gregated physical education to be most common: different interest and needs, physical differences, dominating boys, vulnerable body image, and active girls. The results are discussed in light of different understanding of equality work in school. The study sheds light on important perspectives related to gender and physical education, and provides insight into essential issues that need to be discussed related to the fulfillment of the aims of physical activity and the joy thereof in school.
Leder
Authors: Guldal Tale M. , Enge Ole , Fauskevåg Odin , Nilssen Vivi , Postholm May Britt
Published: October 2023

Merk: Denne artikkelen ble publisert i tidsskriftet FOU i praksis. Tidsskriftet skiftet navn til Nordisk tidsskrift for utdanning og praksis i september 2019.
Når vi nå skriver 2016 er vi inne i den siste årgangen av Tidsskriftet FoU i praksis som vil bli utgitt i papirformat. Denne og neste utgave vil komme ut som de har gjort. Forberedelsene til overgang til Open Access er imidlertid i gang, og fra og med 2017 vil tidsskriftet bli publisert på Fagbokforlagets nettløsning for tidsskrifter. Dette vil bety omlegging fra abonnement til publiseringsavgift, slik tilfelle er for mange andre vitenskapelige publikasjoner. Med denne overgangen til Open Access vil vi fra 2017 på en enklere måte kunne formidle forskningsresultater og faglig innhold og være tilgjengelig for en større leserkrets.
Leder: Læreres og lærerstudenters perspektiver og refleksjoner
Authors: Guldal Tale M. , Enge Ole , Fauskevåg Odin , Nilssen Vivi , Postholm May Britt , Tønseth Christin
Published: October 2023

Merk: Denne artikkelen ble publisert i tidsskriftet FOU i praksis. Tidsskriftet skiftet navn til Nordisk tidsskrift for utdanning og praksis i september 2019.
Nummer 2/2016 er den siste papirutgaven av Tidsskriftet FoU i praksis før vi går over til Open Access fra og med 2017. Tidsskriftet vil da bli publisert på Fagbokforlagets nettløsning for tidsskrifter. Dette betyr omlegging fra abonnement til publiseringsavgift. Vi ser fram til overgangen, som vil gi tidsskriftet og forfattere bedre mulighet til å formidle forskningsresultater og faglig innhold til en større leserkrets. Vi ser også fram til det første nummeret av tidsskriftet i 2017, som blir et jubileumsnummer for å feire og markere de ti årene siden oppstarten i 2007. Gjennom disse ti årene har Tidsskriftet FoU i praksis gitt viktige kunnskapsbidrag til profesjonsfeltet, og lærerutdanning og skoleutvikling spesielt. Jubileumsnummeret vil presentere tilbakeblikk og oppsummeringer, og også peke framover.
Begynnaropplæring i norsk for fagleg sterke elevar
Authors: Strandos Hilde Sognnæs , Vikdal Rita Årevik , Bjørhusdal Eli
Published: October 2023

Merk: Denne artikkelen ble publisert i tidsskriftet FOU i praksis. Tidsskriftet skiftet navn til Nordisk tidsskrift for utdanning og praksis i september 2019.
Denne artikkelen byggjer på ein observasjons- og intervjustudie av didaktisk arbeid med ei elevgruppe som har fått heller lite merksemd i forskingslitteraturen: fagleg sterke elevar i begynnaropplæringa i norsk. Ti informantar, alle norsklærarar på 1. og 2. årstrinn, er djupneintervjua og observerte i timar med grunnleggande lese- og skriveopplæring. Undersøkinga viser at lærarane identifiserer fagleg sterke elevar i norsk alt på 1. årstrinnet, det vil seie barn som les og skriv godt når dei startar på skulen. Vidare finn studien at informantane har få strategiar for korleis dei skal legge til rette for læring for desse elevane. Konsekvensane er 1) langsam bokstavprogresjon, 2) manglande skrivemodellering, og 3) eit syn på fagleg sterke elevar som «underytarar». Informantane opplever også at ansvaret for tilpassa opplæring for fagleg sterke elevar ligg hjå enkeltlærarane, og at lite er formulert på skule- og skuleeigarnivå.
Sitér: Strandos, H. S., Vikdal, R. Å. og Bjørhusdal, E. (2017). Begynnaropplæring i norsk for fagleg sterke elevar. Tidsskriftet FoU i Praksis, 11(2), 25–40.
English abstract
English title: Early literacy instruction in Norwegian for high performing students
This article presents a study of Norwegian teachers’ reading and writing instruction for high performers in grades 1 and 2. The study has a qualitative research approach, as ten 1st and 2nd grade teachers of early reading and writing in Norwegian have been interviewed and observed in classes. The study shows that teachers identify high performing students as early as in grade 1. These students are children who can already read and write well when they start school. We have found that teachers have few instructional strategies that assist these children’s learning. The consequences are 1) slow progression in letter instruction, 2) teachers do not model writing for high performing students, and 3) teachers regard these students as underachievers as early as 1st grade. Teachers also experience that they alone are responsible for finding and developing teaching strategies for high performing students. School owners and school leaders do not seem to recognize the problem.
Praksisnær lærerutdanning – et eksempel fra engelskfaget
Authors: Holmbukt Tove , Son Minjeong
Published: October 2023

Merk: Denne artikkelen ble publisert i tidsskriftet FOU i praksis. Tidsskriftet skiftet navn til Nordisk tidsskrift for utdanning og praksis i september 2019.
Hovedtemaet i artikkelen er hvordan en praksisnær lærerutdanning i engelsk ved UiT Norges arktiske universitet kan videreutvikles. Vi diskuterer hvordan integrerte «praksisopplegg» kan forberede lærerstudenter ytterligere til deres profesjonelle rolle i skolen, med fokus på undervisning i engelsk grammatikk og uttale i lys av teori om språklæring. Viktige parter i arbeidet er Universitetsskoleprosjektet ved UiT, faglærere ved Institutt for lærerutdanning og pedagogikk ved UiT og studenter i mastergradsprogram i lærerutdanning. Datagrunnlaget i prosjektet er hentet fra spørreundersøkelser blant deltakende masterstudenter, og funnene tyder på at «praksisopplegg» som strategi kan være positive bidrag i studentenes forberedelse til å undervise i engelsk språk.
Sitér: Holmbukt, T. og Son, M. (2017). Praksisnær lærerutdanning – et eksempel fra engelskfaget. Tidsskriftet FoU i Praksis, 11(2), 75–93.
English abstract
English title: Improving theory and practice integration in teacher education: An example from the subject of English
This article discusses a strategy to improve the connection between theory and practice within teacher education English courses at UiT the arctic university of Norway. It discusses how integrated ‘praksisopplegg’ may help student teachers prepare for their teaching profession, in particular for developing pedagogical competence in teaching grammar and pronunciation. Important partners in this project are the University project at UiT, teachers at the Department of Education, UiT, and student teachers in the Master of Education programme. The data material is collected via questionnaires distributed to participating students, and the findings suggest that the strategy ‘praksisopplegg’ can give positive outcomes in helping student teachers improve their pedagogical skills in teaching English (in particular, grammar and pronunciation) in Norwegian schools.
Bokomtale: Dramaet om normalitet og avvik
Authors: Østerlie Ove
Published: October 2023

Aksel Tjora og Lisbeth Levang (red.) (2016): ADHD og det disiplinerte samfunn. Fagbokforlaget, 124 sider
Ei forskingsbasert grunnskulelærarutdanning
Authors: Rogne Magne , Munthe Elaine
Published: October 2023

Merk: Denne artikkelen ble publisert i tidsskriftet FOU i praksis. Tidsskriftet skiftet navn til Nordisk tidsskrift for utdanning og praksis i september 2019.
I artikkelen blir utviklinga av forskingsbasering i grunnskulelærarutdanningane analysert. Utdanningane blir undersøkte frå to vinklar ‒ med analysar av norm- tekstar (rammeplanar og retningslinjer) på den eine sida og spørjeundersøkingar av studentar, lærarutdannarar og praksislærarar på den andre. Teoretisk tek artikkelen utgangspunkt i ei forståing av forskingsbasering skildra som ein modell med to aksar ‒ ein som går frå fokus på innhald til prosessar og problemorientering, og ein som går frå fokus på lærarutdannarar, med studentar som tilhøyrarar, til studentar som deltakarar i forskinga. I drøftinga blir normtekstane sett opp mot svara i spørjeundersøkingane, og resultata blir samanstilte med modellen. Artikkelen prøver avslutningsvis å peike kva som verkar å vere oppnådd når det gjeld forskingsbasering av grunnskulelærarutdanningane, og kvar utfordringane ligg framover.
Sitér: Rogne, M. og Munthe, E. (2017). Ei forskingsbasert grunnskulelærarutdanning. Tidsskriftet FoU i Praksis, 11(1), 63–83.
English abstract
English title: A research based teacher education for the elementary and lower secondary years.
In this article, we take a closer look at the development of a research based initial teacher education. This is approached from two perspectives: an analysis of framework plans and regulations that govern the educational programs, and an analysis of questionnaire responses from preservice teachers, teacher educators on campus and mentor teachers in partner schools. Research based education is discussed with reference to a model with two axes: one that runs from a focus on content to a focus on processes and inquiry, and the other going from a focus on the teacher educators to a focus on preservice teachers’ participation in research. In the discussion, the regulatory texts are discussed in relation to questionnaire responses, and both are regarded in relation to the theoretical model. Finally, the article points at what appears to have been achieved concerning research in teacher education, and where challenges lie ahead.
Masteroppgaver og profesjonsrelevans i pedagogikk, matematikk og kroppsøving
Authors: Skagen Kaare , Løndal Knut , Kleve Bodil , Smestad Bjørn
Published: October 2023

Merk: Denne artikkelen ble publisert i tidsskriftet FOU i praksis. Tidsskriftet skiftet navn til Nordisk tidsskrift for utdanning og praksis i september 2019.
Masteroppgaver i lærerutdanning bør utgjøre toppunktet i studentenes teoretiske og praktiske, operative kunnskapsutvikling. I denne artikkelen analyseres profesjonsrelevansen i 65 masteroppgaver i pedagogikk (17), matematikk (18) og kroppsøving (30) ved et norsk universitet. Av de 65 masteroppgavene ble 44 kategorisert som relevante basert på en smal definisjon av profesjonsrelevans, mens alle ble kategorisert som relevante ut fra en videre definisjon. Det var imidlertid viktige forskjeller mellom fagene i hvordan denne relevansen framsto, og disse forskjellene avspeiler temaer som diskuteres i nasjonal og internasjonal forskning i de ulike fagene. Seks masteroppgaver ble analysert nærmere for å se på hvilke lærerroller som manifesterte seg i oppgavene. Alle masteroppgavene diskuterte lærerroller i noen grad, og mange tematiserte det komplekse spillet mellom lærernes eget fagsyn og de forventningene som stilles til lærerrollen fra elever, foreldre og samfunnet. Vi konkluderer med at oppgavene kombinerer de teoretiske kravene til en masteroppgave med høy oppmerksomhet om lærerrollen.
Sitér: Skagen, K., Løndal, K., Kleve, B. og Smestad, B. (2018). Masteroppgaver og profesjonsrelevans i pedagogikk, matematikk og kroppsøving. Tidsskriftet FoU i Praksis, 12(3), 7–27.
English abstract
English title: Master theses in pedagogy, mathematics and physical education: the relevance for the profession
Master theses in teacher education should bring students to an apex of both their theoretical and their practical, operative knowledge. In this article, 65 master theses in pedagogy (17), mathematics (18) and physical education (30) from one Norwegian university are analyzed for their relevance for the profession. Of the 65 master theses, 44 were considered relevant for the profession based on a nar-row definition of relevance, while all were considered relevant based on a broader definition. However, there were important differences between the subjects in how this relevance appeared, and these differences reflect themes discussed in national and international research in the different subjects. Six theses were analyzed more closely to see which teacher roles were manifest in the theses. All of these discussed teacher roles to some degree, and many concerned the complex relations between teachers’ own view of their subject and the expectations teachers face from students, parents and society. In conclusion, the theses combine the theoretical demands of a master thesis with close attention to the role of a teacher.