bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant tunable spin Hall angle in sputtered Bi2Se3 controlled by an electric field
Authors: Lu Qi , Li Ping , Guo Zhixin , Dong Guohua , Peng Bin , Zha Xi , Min Tai , Zhou Ziyao , Liu Ming
Published: March 2022

Finding an effective way to greatly tune spin Hall angle in a low power manner is of fundamental importance for tunable and energy-efficient spintronic devices. Recently, topological insulator of Bi2Se3, having a large intrinsic spin Hall angle, show great capability to generate strong current-induced spin-orbit torques. Here we demonstrate that the spin Hall angle in Bi2Se3 can be effectively tuned asymmetrically and even enhanced about 600% reversibly by applying a bipolar electric field across the piezoelectric substrate. We reveal that the enhancement of spin Hall angle originates from both the charge doping and piezoelectric strain effet on the spin Berry curvature near Fermi level in Bi2Se3. Our findings provide a platform for achieving low power consumption and tunable spintronic devices.
Monospecific and bispecific monoclonal SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies that maintain potency against B.1.617
Authors: Peng Lei , Hu Yingxia , Mankowski Madeleine C. , Ren Ping , Chen Rita E. , Wei Jin , Zhao Min , Li Tongqing , Tripler Therese , Ye Lupeng , Chow Ryan D. , Fang Zhenhao , Wu Chunxiang , Dong Matthew B. , Cook Matthew , Wang Guilin , Clark Paul , Nelson Bryce , Klein Daryl , Sutton Richard , Diamond Michael S. , Wilen Craig B. , Xiong Yong , Chen Sidi
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 pathogen SARS-CoV-2 has infected hundreds of millions and caused over 5 million deaths to date. Although multiple vaccines are available, breakthrough infections occur especially by emerging variants. Effective therapeutic options such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are still critical. Here, we report the development, cryo-EM structures, and functional analyses of mAbs that potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. By high-throughput single cell sequencing of B cells from spike receptor binding domain (RBD) immunized animals, we identify two highly potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing mAb clones that have single-digit nanomolar affinity and low-picomolar avidity, and generate a bispecific antibody. Lead antibodies show strong inhibitory activity against historical SARS-CoV-2 and several emerging variants of concern. We solve several cryo-EM structures at ~3 Å resolution of these neutralizing antibodies in complex with prefusion spike trimer ectodomain, and reveal distinct epitopes, binding patterns, and conformations. The lead clones also show potent efficacy in vivo against authentic SARS-CoV-2 in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. We also generate and characterize a humanized antibody to facilitate translation and drug development. The humanized clone also has strong potency against both the original virus and the B.1.617.2 Delta variant. These mAbs expand the repertoire of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants.
Windows of developmental sensitivity to social media
Authors: Orben Amy , Przybylski Andrew K. , Blakemore Sarah-Jayne , Kievit Rogier A.
Published: March 2022

The relationship between social media use and life satisfaction changes across adolescent development. Our analyses of two UK datasets comprising 84,011 participants (10–80 years old) find that the cross-sectional relationship between self-reported estimates of social media use and life satisfaction ratings is most negative in younger adolescents. Furthermore, sex differences in this relationship are only present during this time. Longitudinal analyses of 17,409 participants (10–21 years old) suggest distinct developmental windows of sensitivity to social media in adolescence, when higher estimated social media use predicts a decrease in life satisfaction ratings one year later (and vice-versa: lower estimated social media use predicts an increase in life satisfaction ratings). These windows occur at different ages for males (14–15 and 19 years old) and females (11–13 and 19 years old). Decreases in life satisfaction ratings also predicted subsequent increases in estimated social media use, however, these were not associated with age or sex.
Correlational networking guides the discovery of unclustered lanthipeptide protease-encoding genes
Authors: Xue Dan , Older Ethan A. , Zhong Zheng , Shang Zhuo , Chen Nanzhu , Dittenhauser Nolan , Hou Lukuan , Cai Peiyan , Walla Michael D. , Dong Shi-Hui , Tang Xiaoyu , Chen Hexin , Nagarkatti Prakash , Nagarkatti Mitzi , Li Yong-Xin , Li Jie
Published: March 2022

Bacterial natural product biosynthetic genes, canonically clustered, have been increasingly found to rely on hidden enzymes encoded elsewhere in the genome for completion of biosynthesis. The study and application of lanthipeptides are frequently hindered by unclustered protease genes required for final maturation. Here, we establish a global correlation network bridging the gap between lanthipeptide precursors and hidden proteases. Applying our analysis to 161,954 bacterial genomes, we establish 5209 correlations between precursors and hidden proteases, with 91 prioritized. We use network predictions and co-expression analysis to reveal a previously missing protease for the maturation of class I lanthipeptide paenilan. We further discover widely distributed bacterial M16B metallopeptidases of previously unclear biological function as a new family of lanthipeptide proteases. We show the involvement of a pair of bifunctional M16B proteases in the production of previously unreported class III lanthipeptides with high substrate specificity. Together, these results demonstrate the strength of our correlational networking approach to the discovery of hidden lanthipeptide proteases and potentially other missing enzymes for natural products biosynthesis.
Fast and selective reduction of nitroarenes under visible light with an earth-abundant plasmonic photocatalyst
Authors: Cheruvathoor Poulose Aby , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Konidakis Ioannis , Serpetzoglou Efthymis , Stratakis Emmanuel , Tomanec Ondřej , Beller Matthias , Bakandritsos Aristides , Zbořil Radek
Published: March 2022

Reduction of nitroaromatics to the corresponding amines is a key process in the fine and bulk chemicals industry to produce polymers, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyes. However, their effective and selective reduction requires high temperatures and pressurized hydrogen and involves noble metal-based catalysts. Here we report on an earth-abundant, plasmonic nano-photocatalyst, with an excellent reaction rate towards the selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics. With solar light as the only energy input, the chalcopyrite catalyst operates through the combined action of hot holes and photothermal effects. Ultrafast laser transient absorption and light-induced electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies have unveiled the energy matching of the hot holes in the valence band of the catalyst with the frontier orbitals of the hydrogen and electron donor, via a transient coordination intermediate. Consequently, the reusable and sustainable copper-iron-sulfide (CuFeS2) catalyst delivers previously unattainable turnover frequencies, even in large-scale reactions, while the cost-normalized production rate stands an order of magnitude above the state of the art.
An expert-curated global database of online newspaper articles on spiders and spider bites
Authors: Mammola Stefano , Malumbres-Olarte Jagoba , Arabesky Valeria , Barrales-Alcalá Diego Alejandro , Barrion-Dupo Aimee Lynn , Benamú Marco Antonio , Bird Tharina L. , Bogomolova Maria , Cardoso Pedro , Chatzaki Maria , Cheng Ren-Chung , Chu Tien-Ai , Classen-Rodríguez Leticia M. , Čupić Iva , Dhiya’ulhaq Naufal Urfi , Picard André-Philippe Drapeau , El-Hennawy Hisham K. , Elverici Mert , Fukushima Caroline S. , Ganem Zeana , Gavish-Regev Efrat , Gonnye Naledi T. , Hacala Axel , Haddad Charles R. , Hesselberg Thomas , Ho Tammy Ai Tian , Into Thanakorn , Isaia Marco , Jayaraman Dharmaraj , Karuaera Nanguei , Khalap Rajashree , Khalap Kiran , Kim Dongyoung , Korhonen Tuuli , Kralj-Fišer Simona , Land Heidi , Lin Shou-Wang , Loboda Sarah , Lowe Elizabeth , Lubin Yael , Martínez Alejandro , Mbo Zingisile , Miličić Marija , Kioko Grace Mwende , Nanni Veronica , Norma-Rashid Yusoff , Nwankwo Daniel , Painting Christina J. , Pang Aleck , Pantini Paolo , Pavlek Martina , Pearce Richard , Petcharad Booppa , Pétillon Julien , Raberahona Onjaherizo Christian , Saarinen Joni A. , Segura-Hernández Laura , Sentenská Lenka , Uhl Gabriele , Walker Leilani , Warui Charles M. , Wiśniewski Konrad , Zamani Alireza , Scott Catherine , Chuang Angela
Published: March 2022

Mass media plays an important role in the construction and circulation of risk perception associated with animals. Widely feared groups such as spiders frequently end up in the spotlight of traditional and social media. We compiled an expert-curated global database on the online newspaper coverage of human-spider encounters over the past ten years (2010–2020). This database includes information about the location of each human-spider encounter reported in the news article and a quantitative characterisation of the content—location, presence of photographs of spiders and bites, number and type of errors, consultation of experts, and a subjective assessment of sensationalism. In total, we collected 5348 unique news articles from 81 countries in 40 languages. The database refers to 211 identified and unidentified spider species and 2644 unique human-spider encounters (1121 bites and 147 as deadly bites). To facilitate data reuse, we explain the main caveats that need to be made when analysing this database and discuss research ideas and questions that can be explored with it.
Sea ice loss of the Barents-Kara Sea enhances the winter warming over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Duan Anmin , Peng Yuzhuo , Liu Jiping , Chen Yuhang , Wu Guoxiong , Holland David M. , He Bian , Hu Wenting , Tang Yuheng , Li Xichen
Published: March 2022

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is known as one of the most sensitive regions to climate change, and it has experienced accelerated warming in recent decades. However, to what degree the TP warming amplification relates to remote forcing such as sea ice loss in the Arctic sea ice remains unclear. Here, we found that the decline of sea ice concentration over the Barents-Kara Sea (BKS) could account for 18–32% of the winter warming over the TP by comparing observational data and ensemble experiments from an atmospheric general circulation model. The reduced BKS sea ice and resultant upward turbulent heat fluxes can intensify a Rossby wave train propagating equatorward to the TP. As a result, the enhanced southwesterlies towards the TP strengthen the warm advection over most parts of the TP and lead to TP warming. In addition, an atmospheric teleconnection between the Arctic and the TP also exists in the interannual variability. That is, a tripole mode in air temperature, with warm centers in the Arctic and TP but a cold center in the mid-high latitudes of the Eurasian continent in between. Our results imply that the BKS sea ice loss could intensify such a tripole mode and thus enhancing the winter TP warming.
Case series of outcomes in advanced cancer patients with single pathway alterations receiving N-of-One therapies
Authors: Gupta Diviya , Kurzrock Razelle , Lee Suzanna , Okamura Ryosuke , Lim Hyo Jeong , Kim Ki Hwan , Sicklick Jason K. , Kato Shumei
Published: March 2022

Though advanced cancers generally display complex molecular portfolios, there is a subset of patients whose malignancies possess only one genomic alteration or alterations in one oncogenic pathway. We assess how N-of-One therapeutic strategies impact outcomes in these patients. From 12/2012 to 9/2018, 429 therapy-evaluable patients with diverse treatment-refractory cancers were presented at Molecular Tumor Boards at Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego. The clinical benefit rate, defined by RECIST1.1, was assessed for patients with solid tumors who underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) profiling revealing one genomic or pathway alteration, subsequently managed with N-of-One therapies. Nine of 429 patients (2.1%) met evaluation criteria. Using matched therapy indicated by NGS, the clinical benefit rate (stable disease ≥ 6 months/partial/complete response) was 66.7%. Median progression-free survival was 11.3 months (95% CI: 3.4–not evaluable). Thus, a small subset of diverse cancers has single pathway alterations on NGS testing. These patients may benefit from customized therapeutic matching.
Mouse and human antibodies bind HLA-E-leader peptide complexes and enhance NK cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Li Dapeng , Brackenridge Simon , Walters Lucy C. , Swanson Olivia , Harlos Karl , Rozbesky Daniel , Cain Derek W. , Wiehe Kevin , Scearce Richard M. , Barr Maggie , Mu Zekun , Parks Robert , Quastel Max , Edwards Robert J. , Wang Yunfei , Rountree Wes , Saunders Kevin O. , Ferrari Guido , Borrow Persephone , Jones E. Yvonne , Alam S. Munir , Azoitei Mihai L. , Gillespie Geraldine M. , McMichael Andrew J. , Haynes Barton F.
Published: March 2022

The non-classical class Ib molecule human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E) has limited polymorphism and can bind HLA class Ia leader peptides (VL9). HLA-E-VL9 complexes interact with the natural killer (NK) cell receptors NKG2A-C/CD94 and regulate NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Here we report the isolation of 3H4, a murine HLA-E-VL9-specific IgM antibody that enhances killing of HLA-E-VL9-expressing cells by an NKG2A+NK cell line. Structural analysis reveal that 3H4 acts by preventing CD94/NKG2A docking on HLA-E-VL9. Upon in vitro maturation, an affinity-optimized IgG form of 3H4 showes enhanced NK killing of HLA-E-VL9-expressing cells. HLA-E-VL9-specific IgM antibodies similar in function to 3H4 are also isolated from naïve B cells of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-negative, healthy humans. Thus, HLA-E-VL9-targeting mouse and human antibodies isolated from the naïve B cell antibody pool have the capacity to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity.
Co-transcriptional splicing efficiency is a gene-specific feature that can be regulated by TGFβ
Authors: Sánchez-Escabias Elena , Guerrero-Martínez José A. , Reyes José C.
Published: March 2022

Differential splicing efficiency of specific introns is a mechanism that dramatically increases protein diversity, based on selection of alternative exons for the final mature mRNA. However, it is unclear whether splicing efficiency of introns within the same gene is coordinated and eventually regulated as a mechanism to control mature mRNA levels. Based on nascent chromatin-associated RNA-sequencing data, we now find that co-transcriptional splicing (CTS) efficiency tends to be similar between the different introns of a gene. We establish that two well-differentiated strategies for CTS efficiency exist, at the extremes of a gradient: short genes that produce high levels of pre-mRNA undergo inefficient splicing, while long genes with relatively low levels of pre-mRNA have an efficient splicing. Notably, we observe that genes with efficient CTS display a higher level of mature mRNA relative to their pre-mRNA levels. Further, we show that the TGFβ signal transduction pathway regulates the general CTS efficiency, causing changes in mature mRNA levels. Taken together, our data indicate that CTS efficiency is a gene-specific characteristic that can be regulated to control gene expression.
Molecular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 liver tropism
Authors: Wanner Nicola , Andrieux Geoffroy , Badia-i-Mompel Pau , Edler Carolin , Pfefferle Susanne , Lindenmeyer Maja T. , Schmidt-Lauber Christian , Czogalla Jan , Wong Milagros N. , Okabayashi Yusuke , Braun Fabian , Lütgehetmann Marc , Meister Elisabeth , Lu Shun , Noriega Maria L. M. , Günther Thomas , Grundhoff Adam , Fischer Nicole , Bräuninger Hanna , Lindner Diana , Westermann Dirk , Haas Fabian , Roedl Kevin , Kluge Stefan , Addo Marylyn M. , Huber Samuel , Lohse Ansgar W. , Reiser Jochen , Ondruschka Benjamin , Sperhake Jan P. , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Boerries Melanie , Hayek Salim S. , Aepfelbacher Martin , Scaturro Pietro , Puelles Victor G. , Huber Tobias B.
Published: March 2022

Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have gained attention due to their links to clinical outcomes and their potential long-term sequelae1. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) displays tropism towards several organs, including the heart and kidney. Whether it also directly affects the liver has been debated2,3. Here we provide clinical, histopathological, molecular and bioinformatic evidence for the hepatic tropism of SARS-CoV-2. We find that liver injury, indicated by a high frequency of abnormal liver function tests, is a common clinical feature of COVID-19 in two independent cohorts of patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. Using autopsy samples obtained from a third patient cohort, we provide multiple levels of evidence for SARS-CoV-2 liver tropism, including viral RNA detection in 69% of autopsy liver specimens, and successful isolation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from liver tissue postmortem. Furthermore, we identify transcription-, proteomic- and transcription factor-based activity profiles in hepatic autopsy samples, revealing similarities to the signatures associated with multiple other viral infections of the human liver. Together, we provide a comprehensive multimodal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 liver tropism, which increases our understanding of the molecular consequences of severe COVID-19 and could be useful for the identification of organ-specific pharmacological targets.
Study on a photoacoustic spectroscopy trichloromethane gas detection method based on an arched photoacoustic cavity
Authors: Zhao Nan , Zhao Dong , Ma Longge , Wang Bin
Published: March 2022

As an important component in photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection systems, the performance of the photoacoustic cavity directly affects the sensitivity and resolution of the system.
Catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide by a zinc hydride compound, [Tptm]ZnH, and conversion to the methanol level
Authors: Ruccolo Serge , Sambade David , Shlian Daniel G. , Amemiya Erika , Parkin Gerard
Published: March 2022

The zinc hydride compound, [Tptm]ZnH, is capable of reducing CO2 to the methanol level.
Benzothiazole-disulfide based redox-responsive polymers: facile access to reversibly functionalizable polymeric coatings
Authors: Degirmenci Aysun , Sanyal Rana , Arslan Mehmet , Sanyal Amitav
Published: March 2022

Redox-responsive polymers and polymeric coatings containing benzothiazole-disulfide groups provide facile access to reversibly functionalizable platforms.
Facile, generic capture and on-fiber differentiation of exosomesviaconfocal immunofluorescence microscopy using a capillary-channeled polymer fiber solid-phase extraction tip
Authors: Jackson Kaylan K. , Powell Rhonda R. , Bruce Terri F. , Marcus R. Kenneth
Published: March 2022

There is great interest in advancing methodologies for the isolation and characterization of exosomes (30–150 nm, extracellular vesicles (EVs)) for fundamental biochemical research and liquid biopsy applications.
Blue-green treasures
Authors: Leão Pedro
Published: March 2022

A cancer patient treated with a molecule found in algae-eating sea hares native to the Indian Ocean. Jet fuel produced by algae in open urban ponds. A tonne-scale synthesis of pharmaceuticals using enzymes from a green biofilm growing in your backyard. The first example is a reality, but the others are not necessarily confined to a utopian future. All these scenarios can be linked to blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). These talented microbial biochemists generate a vast set of unique secondary (specialized) metabolites. Initially infamous for being potent toxins that have resulted in human deaths, some cyanobacterial secondary metabolites have proven useful and are currently used in the clinic. The enzymes that biosynthesize some of these compounds are likewise remarkable and could find future industrial use. Here, I discuss some aspects of past and current secondary metabolite discovery in cyanobacteria, the potential impact of these small molecules for human activities and how the study of their biosynthesis has unearthed exciting new enzymatic reactions.
Multi‐head attention graph convolutional network model: End‐to‐end entity and relation joint extraction based on multi‐head attention graph convolutional network
Authors: Tao Zhihua , Ouyang Chunping , Liu Yongbin , Chung Tonglee , Cao Yixin
Published: March 2022

At present, the entity and relation joint extraction task has attracted more and more scholars' attention in the field of natural language processing (NLP). However, most of their methods rely on NLP tools to construct dependency trees to obtain sentence structure information. The adjacency matrix constructed by the dependency tree can convey syntactic information. Dependency trees obtained through NLP tools are too dependent on the tools and may not be very accurate in contextual semantic description. At the same time, a large amount of irrelevant information will cause redundancy. This paper presents a novel end‐to‐end entity and relation joint extraction based on the multi‐head attention graph convolutional network model (MAGCN), which does not rely on external tools. MAGCN generates an adjacency matrix through a multi‐head attention mechanism to form an attention graph convolutional network model, uses head selection to identify multiple relations, and effectively improve the prediction result of overlapping relations. The authors extensively experiment and prove the method's effectiveness on three public datasets: NYT, WebNLG, and CoNLL04. The results show that the authors’ method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art research results for the task of entities and relation extraction.
A weighted multi‐source domain adaptation approach for surface defect detection
Authors: Hu Bing , Wang Jianhui
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a weighted multi‐source domain adaptation (MSDA) method for industrial surface defect detection. The domain adaptation method is usually used to solve inaccurate results due to lacking target training samples. But in the scene of surface defects detection, this method is not adequate because the inspection samples often contain complex texture features. To get better performance, in this paper, we extend the single‐source domain adaptation detection method to the multi‐source domain. At the same time, we weighted different source domains samples during the adaptive training process, and prioritize the alignment of the target domain with the most similar source domain. The experimental results show that our proposed method performs well on the target dataset which improves existing methods' limitations for detecting surface defects with complex textures.
Tomography-based observational measurements of the halo mass function via the submillimeter magnification bias
Authors: Cueli M. M. , Bonavera L. , González-Nuevo J. , Crespo D. , Casas J. M. , Lapi A.
Published: March 2022

Aims. The main goal of this paper is to derive observational constraints on the halo mass fuction (HMF) by performing a tomographic analysis of the magnification bias signal on a sample of background submillimeter galaxies. The results can then be compared with those from a non-tomographic study.

Methods. We measure the cross-correlation function between a sample of foreground GAMA galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts in the range 0.1 < z < 0.8 (and divided up into four bins) and a sample of background submillimeter galaxies from H-ATLAS with photometric redshifts in the range 1.2 < z < 4.0. We model the weak lensing signal within the halo model formalism and carry out a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to obtain the posterior distribution of all HMF parameters, which we assume to follow the Sheth and Tormen (ST) three-parameter and two-parameter fits.

Results. While the observational constraints on the HMF from the non-tomographic analysis are not stringent, there is a remarkable improvement in terms of uncertainty reduction when tomography is adopted. Moreover, with respect to the traditional ST triple of values from numerical simulations, the results from the three-parameter fit predict a higher number density of halos at masses below ∼1012 M⊙ h−1 at 95% credibility. The two-parameter fit yields even more restricting results, with a larger number density of halos below ∼1013 M⊙ h−1 and a lower one above ∼1014 M⊙ h−1, this time at more than 3σ credibility. Our results are therefore in disagreement with the standard N-body values for the ST fit at 2σ and 3σ, respectively.
Osteopathie bei Schwangeren und nach der Geburt
Authors: Marjanovic Alexandra-Henriette
Published: March 2022

Das Diaphragma ist eine wichtige Struktur, die bei jeder Schwangeren geprüft und behandelt werden sollte. Die Herausforderung, alle Dysfunktionsketten zu entdecken, ist für den Anfänger oft
groß. Dennoch lassen sich die gelernten Techniken miteinander gut verbinden und erfolgreich anwenden. Dabei ist das Vertrauen in den eigenen Tastsinn von großer Bedeutung.
Influence of the interaction among three biomass components on gasification characteristics
Authors: Yu Haimiao , Yang Haojie , Chao Heyuan
Published: March 2022

In this study, the mass ratio of hemicellulose to lignin in biomass was changed to explore the interaction among three components of biomass in the gasification process. The experimental values were compared with the predicted values based on the gasification data of each single component. In the experiment, the reaction temperature was 1000 °C, and the air equivalent ratio was 0.25. The obtained gas components and gasification indexes showed that the interaction among three components was significant. Under the mass ratio of cellulose:hemicellulose:lignin = 5:4:1, hemicellulose, respectively, improved H2 yield, carbon conversion efficiency, gasification efficiency, and calorific value by 44.58%, 22.05%, 19.60%, and 18.50% in contrast to the predicted values. Under the mass ratio of cellulose:hemicellulose:lignin = 5:1:4, lignin increased the tar yield to 4.46 mg/g and the percentage increase reached 75.59%. In addition, the experimental results of ash showed that both straw ash and pine ash improved the yields of H2 and CO and gasification efficiency, and the improvement effect of pine ash was better. The experimental results of component connection morphology showed that the actual component connection morphology of biomass inhibited the formation of H2 and CO, reduced the gasification efficiency, and promoted the formation of tar.
Plasmonic enhanced fluorescence via 3D printing spiral conical tapered gold tip bound to optical fiber
Authors: Long Li , Deng Qiurong , Huang Rongtao , Li Zhi-Yuan
Published: March 2022

We build a 3D printing spiral conical tapered gold tip directly on the end face of an optical fiber as an efficient fluorescence enhancement device via the two-photon polymerization direct laser writing technology and magnetron sputtering technique. At an optimized geometry achieved via three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain numerical simulations, the gold tip allows the incident light coming from the optical fiber to efficiently excite the surface-plasmon polariton at the outer surface and trigger bright fluorescence of Rodamine dye molecules. The experimental results show that when the incident green laser light at 532 nm has an intensity of 0.5 µW, the fluorescence enhancement factor by the spiral tapered gold tip bound to fiber is about 38 times greater than the reference sample of the flat-cleaved gold film coated fiber. This 3D nanostructured gold-tip bound optical fiber may provide a promising way to improve detection sensitivity in fluorescence-based sensing platforms.
Corrigendum to: Using life-history traits to predict the vulnerability to overexploitation in soldier striped shrimps
Authors: Medeiros-Leal Wendell , Santos Régis , Novoa-Pabon Ana , Isidro Eduardo , Melo Octávio , Pinho Mário
Published: March 2022

The global overfishing scenario of the historically exploited marine stocks have generated concern and encouraged the search for new potentially exploitable fisheries resources. In this sense, shrimps are potential alternative resources to be exploited, given their high diversity and stock resilience. This study had an objective to estimate life-history traits and analyse yield and abundance fishing levels to see whether Plesionika edwardsii shrimp is vulnerable to overexploitation or not in the mid-North Atlantic (Azores region, ICES Subdivision 10a2). The females showed larger L∞ (asymptotic length) and k (coefficient of growth; L∞ = 27.3mm, k = 0.75year−1) than did males (L∞ = 24.58mm, k = 0.73year−1). The mortality rates of males (Z = 1.00year−1; M = 0.84year−1) and females (Z = 0.92year−1; M = 0.85year−1) were very similar. In terms of longevity, the males (3.47year−1) survived longer than did females (3.34year−1). Depletion experiments showed a fast and straight-forward decline of CPUEs (3, 5 and 9 days), confirming a low mobility and vulnerability to high fishing efforts. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) estimates (5.4–10.7 tonnes (Mg)year−1) showed a low annual sustainable catch. These values combined with the life-history characteristics indicated that this stock is less resilient and highly vulnerable to overfishing.
HIPK2 directs cell type–specific regulation of STAT3 transcriptional activity in Th17 cell differentiation
Authors: Cheung Ka Lung , Jaganathan Anbalagan , Hu Yuan , Xu Feihong , Lejeune Alannah , Sharma Rajal , Caescu Cristina I. , Meslamani Jamel , Vincek Adam , Zhang Fan , Lee Kyung , Zaware Nilesh , Qayum Amina Abdul , Ren Chunyan , Kaplan Mark H. , He John Cijiang , Xiong Huabao , Zhou Ming-Ming
Published: March 2022

Significance

STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) is a master transcription factor that organizes cellular responses to cytokines and growth factors and is implicated in inflammatory disorders. STAT3 is a well-recognized therapeutic target for human cancer and inflammatory disorders, but how its function is regulated in a cell type–specific manner has been a major outstanding question. We discovered that Stat3 imposes self-directed regulation through controlling transcription of its own regulator homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (
Hipk2
) in a T helper 17 (Th17) cell–specific manner. Our validation of the functional importance of the Stat3–Hipk2 axis in Th17 cell development in the pathogenesis of T cell–induced colitis in mice suggests an approach to therapeutically treat inflammatory bowel diseases that currently lack a safe and effective therapy.
Early evolution of diurnal habits in owls (Aves, Strigiformes) documented by a new and exquisitely preserved Miocene owl fossil from China
Authors: Li Zhiheng , Stidham Thomas A. , Zheng Xiaoting , Wang Yan , Zhao Tao , Deng Tao , Zhou Zhonghe
Published: March 2022

Significance

Owls, with their largely nocturnal habits, contrast strikingly with the vast majority of diurnal birds. A new spectacular late Miocene owl skeleton from China unexpectedly preserves the oldest evidence for daytime behavior in owls. The extinct owl is a member of the clade Surniini, which contains most living diurnal owl species. Analysis of the preserved eye bones documents them as consistent with diurnal birds, and phylogenetically constrained character mapping coincides with a reconstruction of an early evolutionary reversal away from nocturnal habits in this owl group. These results support a potential Miocene origin of nonnocturnal habits in a globally distributed owl group, which may be linked to steppe habitat expansion and climatic cooling in the late Miocene.
More than advice
Authors: Langedijk Rosalyn M. , Ham Jaap
Published: March 2022

Persuasive social robots can influence human behavior through giving advice. The current study investigates whether references to prior discourse and signals of empathy make an advice-giving robot an even more effective persuader and whether participants follow the robot’s advice and drink even more water when the robot additionally uses these strategies. We recruited students and university staff for a lab-study in which three different robot personalities on the same robot type presented health-related information. In one condition, the robot gave advice and referred to something mentioned earlier in the conversation (i.e., to dialog history), in another condition, the robot gave advice and used empathic signals, and in the third condition, the robot gave advice only. Our results show that participants drank significantly more when the advice-giving robot also used the persuasive strategies of empathy and references to dialog history than when the robot only gave advice. This study shows that both strategies increase the persuasiveness of the robot and makes it more influential.
Influencing laughter with AI-mediated communication
Authors: Mills Gregory , Gregoromichelaki Eleni , Howes Chris , Maraev Vladislav
Published: March 2022

Previous experimental findings support the hypothesis that laughter and positive emotions are contagious in face-to-face and mediated communication. To test this hypothesis, we describe four experiments in which participants communicate via a chat tool that artificially adds or removes laughter (e.g.hahaorlol), without participants being aware of the manipulation. We found no evidence to support the contagion hypothesis. However, artificially exposing participants to morelols decreased participants’ use ofhahas but led to more involvement and improved task-performance. Similarly, artificially exposing participants to morehahas decreased use ofhahabut increased lexical alignment. We conclude that, even though the interventions have effects on coordination, they are incompatible with contagion as a primary explanatory mechanism. Instead, these results point to an interpretation that involves a more sophisticated view of dialogue mechanisms along the lines of Conversational Analysis and similar frameworks and we suggest directions for future research.
How COVID-19 changed telephone interpreting in Spain
Authors: Gutiérrez Raquel Lázaro , Méndez Gabriel Cabrera
Published: March 2022

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, telephone interpreters in Spain were used to communicating administrative issues,
medical instructions, and even humanitarian social assistance rendered by social workers and psychologists. However, since March
2020 these interactions have been heavily replaced by conversations mediated by telephone interpreters related to severe acute
respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus infection. This contribution describes the provision of telephone interpreting during the
COVID-19 pandemic using the information reported by the interpreters of the company Dualia Teletraducciones as a case study. It
focuses on healthcare-related services and clients, offering data related to the frequency of use of telephone interpreting, the
most common languages used, and the evolution of clients and services (Emergency Rooms, tracers, pandemic hotels, etc.). This
article also describes the hiring, training and quality monitoring processes, including the main tools developed to facilitate
remote interpreting during the pandemic.
Translating for Canada, eh?
Authors: Bowker Lynne
Published: March 2022

In a situation such as the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need to distribute up-to-date public health information
quickly and cost effectively in a wide range of languages and language varieties. Open Educational Resources (OER) are materials
that are released under an open license and so can be freely accessed, used, adapted and shared with very few restrictions. There
are currently few localization-related OER available, although the OER format could be a useful way of supporting localization
efforts. This short article introduces the concept of OER, summarizes some key potential benefits of developing OER for the
localization community, and presents Translating for Canada, eh? / Vous traduisez pour le Canada?, an OER that
was developed to support localization efforts in Canadian English and French.
Luminescent characteristics of Tm3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ tri-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystals for white emission with high thermal stability
Authors: Fang Lizhi , Zhou Xiong , Zhao Zhiwei , Zheng Biao , Xia Haiping , Wang Jun , Song Hongwei , Chen Baojiu
Published: March 2022

By using an improved Bridgman method, 0.3 mol% Tm3+/0.6 mol% Tb3+/y mol% Eu3+ (y = 0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) doped Na5Y9F32 single crystals were prepared. The x-ray diffraction, excitation spectra, emission spectra and fluorescence decay curves were used to explore the crystal structure and optical performance of the obtained samples. When excited by 362 nm light, the cool white emission was realized by Na5Y9F32 single crystal triply-doped with 0.3 mol% Tm3+/0.6 mol% Tb3+/0.8 mol% Eu3+, in which the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinate was (0.2995, 0.3298) and the correlated color temperature (CCT) was 6586 K. The integrated normalized emission intensity of the tri-doped single crystal at 448 K could keep 62% of that at 298 K. The internal quantum yield (QY) was calculated to be ∼ 15.16% by integrating spheres. These results suggested that the single crystals tri-doped with Tm3+, Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions have a promising potential application for white light-emitting diodes (w-LEDs).
Edible film from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) of waste banana (Musa paradisiaca) stem and chitosan
Authors: Nurhaliza Y , Nurulhaq F , Yudhanto S M , Suryanti V
Published: March 2022

Indonesia is one of the largest banana producing countries in the world. In 2019, national banana production was 7,280,658 tons, leaving 4 tons of banana stems for every tonne of bananas harvested. Banana stem fiber has high strength, light weight, high water absorption, fire resistance properties and biodegradable. It has high cellulose contain of 46.3%. Therefore, banana stem fiber is potential for a source of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The MCC was successfully isolated 34.9% yield. Edible film was fabricated by solvent casting method. Chitosan was added for antibacterial properties of fabricated edible film. The optimum formulation for chitosan and MCC mass were examined to obtain edible film with good water absorption and biodegradability.
The effect of configuration structure of lithium-ion battery: analysis of the temperature distribution performance
Authors: Nugraheni E T , Supriyanto A , Ramelan A H
Published: March 2022

The performance of lithium-ion batteries is affected by both storage temperature and operating temperature, so lithium-ion batteries are very sensitive to temperature. The temperature of the lithium-ion battery must be controlled between 20 ºC – 50 ºC with the temperature difference between cells not exceeding 5 ºC during the charge and discharge cycle. Therefore, the objective of the study is to optimize the influence of the structure of the battery configuration as geometric structures and the addition of distance on the thermal performance of lithium-ion batteries during the discharge process. This study uses 3 geometric structures, namely ring, line and rectangular configurations. Each geometric structure has 4 variations in the distance between cells, namely without being spaced, given a distance of 2, 6 and 10 mm. We carried simulation testing out using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 software with a time-dependent solver method. The results showed that variations in the geometric structures of the lithium-ion battery module have an influence on the resulting temperature distribution. Based on the variations used in the study, the geometric structures that produce the lowest temperature distributions are the configuration of line, rectangular, and ring, respectively. The distance between cells negatively affects the resulting temperature distribution. The greater the variation in cell spacing between cells, the temperature of the battery module will decrease.
Efficient algorithms for computing ground states of the 2D random-field Ising model
Authors: Mainou Argyro , Fytas Nikolaos G , Weigel Martin
Published: March 2022

We investigate the application of graph-cut methods for the study of the critical behaviour of the two-dimensional random-field Ising model. We focus on exact ground-state calculations, crossing the phase boundary of the model at zero temperature and varying the disorder strength. For this purpose we employ two different minimum-cut–maximum-flow algorithms, one of augmenting-path and another of push-relabel style. We implement these approaches for the square and triangular lattice problems and compare their computational efficiency.
Thermal pure quantum matrix product states: a simple numerical protocol for finite temperature
Authors: Iwaki Atsushi , Hotta Chisa
Published: March 2022

We present several features of a thermal pure quantum matrix product state (TPQ-MPS). TPQ-MPS can simulate finite temperature quantum many-body systems with a numerical cost comparable to the matrix product algorithm for the ground state in one-dimensional systems. Starting from a random matrix product state with auxiliary sites attached to the edges of the system, we successively operate the Hamiltonian with a shift-constant and obtain a series of TPQ-MPS that represents the microcanonical pure state at the highest temperature to the one at the lowest available temperature. How the parameters of the TPQ-MPS protocol influence the effective bond dimension χ of the matrix and the temperature distribution of these microcanonical states is examined.
Four-body variational calculation of a hydrogen-like atom involving an excited muonic molecule
Authors: Yamashita Takuma , Niiyama Motoaki , Yasuda Kazuhiro , Kino Yasushi
Published: March 2022

We report a four-body variational calculation of a hydrogen-like atom consisting of an excited muonic molecule consisting of d, t, and μ, and a ground state electron. Due to the compact size of the muonic molecule dtμ, it behaves as a quasi-nucleus for the electron; however, the system is actually a resonance state because the de-excitation energy of dtμ is sufficient to ionize the electron. We calculate resonance energy levels of the four-body system dtμe using a Gaussian expansion method and a stabilization method. Our best calculation results in a four-body energy of –100.159 88 a.u. which is in good agreement with the value estimated by the first order perturbation theory [Harston et al. Zeitschrift für Physik D 22, 635 (1992)]. We indicate that implementation of the electron-induced polarization of dtμ will be indispensable for the further precise determination of the resonance energy. The present result is the first step towards a full four-body calculation of the muonic molecule under the presence of the electron, which is of importance for development of a muon catalyzed fusion kinetics model.
Numerical analysis of electronic state of CNT/BNNT heterojunction
Authors: Tomiya Mitsuyoshi , Sakamoto Shoichi , Sagara Toshihiro , Yamamoto Masaki , Ishii Masahiro
Published: March 2022

The I-V characteristics of CNT/BNNT heterojunctions, which comprise quantum double barrier systems (DBS), were numerically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) method. First, we performed a structural optimisation of the DBS of CNT/BNNT. Next, the I-V characteristics of the heterojunctions were calculated using the SIESTA package. The I-V characteristics remain flat up to a certain bias voltage, and then the current increases with increasing voltage. Our CNT/BNNT double-barrier heterojunctions have resonant states inside the barriers as semiconductor-based double-barrier diodes; these states determine the transmission function. An energy gap was centred at the Fermi energy and sharp peaks in the gap were observed. It was also found that the energy interval of the peaks near the Fermi energy was dependent on the separation length of the two BNNT barriers. Using projected density of states (PDOS) analysis, we also investigated the local behaviour of electrons in the devices.
Tempered Lefschetz thimble method as a solution to the numerical sign problem
Authors: Fukuma Masafumi , Matsumoto Nobuyuki
Published: March 2022

We review the tempered Lefschetz thimble method and its extension, which was recently proposed as a versatile solution to the numerical sign problem. We exemplify the effectiveness of the method by its successful application to a chiral random matrix model.
Asymmetry of anticrossing between atomic steps on metal and semiconductor surfaces
Authors: Khoroshilov V S , Kazantsev D M , Alperovich V L , Coupeau C , Drouet M
Published: March 2022

The interaction between intersecting vicinal and dislocation-induced atomic steps on crystal surfaces is studied experimentally on Au(111) and GaAs(001) and numerically using Monte-Carlo simulation. The interaction between intersecting steps leads to the “anticrossing” phenomenon which consists in the formation of a three-level relief configuration with the upper and lower terraces separated by a nanometer-sized bridge of intermediate height. The anticrossing effect is driven by the effective repulsion of two new combinatory steps bordering the upper and lower terraces. Two types of asymmetry between the combinatory steps are considered. In particular, the reasons for different curvature radii of the upper and lower combinatory steps are discussed, along with the issue of why dislocation-induced steps remain straight under annealing, while vicinal steps obtain clear visible ledges.
Deep level defects in GaAs gradual p-i-n junctions after neutron irradiation
Authors: Lebedeva N M , Soldatenkov F Y , Sobolev M M , Usikova A A
Published: March 2022

The high-voltage p+–p0–i–n0–n+ structures based on epitaxial gradual GaAs p0–i–n0 junction grown in hydrogen or argon atmosphere have been studied by capacitance-voltage spectroscopy and deep-level transient spectroscopy, DLTS, before and after neutron irradiation. After neutron irradiation, the broad bands associated with electron emission from the states lying above midgap appear in DLTS spectra of both p0–i–n0 GaAs structures. It is assumed that the carrier emission mechanism in the neutron-irradiated GaAs is the same as that in amorphous materials.
AI for Experimental Controls at Jefferson Lab
Authors: Jeske T. , McSpadden D. , Kalra N. , Britton T. , Jarvis N. , Lawrence D.
Published: March 2022

The AI for Experimental Controls project is developing an AI system to control and calibrate detector systems located at Jefferson Laboratory. Currently, calibrations are performed offline and require significant time and attention from experts. This work would reduce the amount of data and the amount of time spent calibrating in an offline setting. The first use case involves the Central Drift Chamber (CDC) located inside the GlueX spectrometer in Hall D. We use a combination of environmental and experimental data, such as atmospheric pressure, gas temperature, and the flux of incident particles as inputs to a sequential Neural Network (NN) to recommend a high voltage setting and the corresponding calibration constants in order to maintain consistent gain and optimal resolution throughout the experiment. Utilizing AI in this manner represents an initial shift from offline calibration towards near real time calibrations performed at Jefferson Laboratory.