bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«Бесконечный день сурка»: социологический анализ учебных практик студентов вузов в ситуации вынужденной изоляции
Authors: Чернова Жанна Владимировна , Шпаковская Лариса Леонидовна
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются практики обучения во время вынужденного перехода на дистанционный формат весной 2020 г. В этот период многие молодые люди переживали кризис устройства повседневности: некоторые оказались закрытыми в ограниченном жилом пространстве в одиночестве, кому-то пришлось вернуться в родительскую семью, кто-то был изолирован в университетском общежитии. Карантин создал ситуацию глобальной поломки привычных структур повседневности и учебной деятельности. Авторов интересует, как изменилась повседневность студентов во время карантина весной 2020 г.  Дистанционное обучение в условиях самоизоляции связано с изменением форм социальной включенности в учебный процесс, переструктурированием локальности и темпоральности практик обучения, досуга, свободного времени, общения и поиском новых способов «управления собой» (поддержание концентрации и включенности в образовательный процесс, борьба с прокрастинацией и попытки сделать свою повседневность комфортной). Авторы используют основные положения социологии повседневности (теория практик), фокусируясь на микроуровне анализа повседневных коммуникаций. Эмпирическими материалами исследования выступили полуструктурированные интервью со студентами, обучающимися в одном из университетов Санкт-Петербурга (N = 35). Анализ этих данных дал возможность понять, каким образом молодые люди адаптируются в ситуации обучения в изоляции, какие практики они вырабатывают и каким образом переживают эту ситуацию разрывов привычной ткани повседневности. Студенты были вынуждены переструктурировать пространство и время путем зонирования, обустройства виртуальных классов, создания нового режима дня, включения в дистантные локальности, (а)синхронизации времени учебы и внеучебных практик. Авторы описывают режимы включения в образовательные коммуникации «камера on» и «камера off», тем самым внося вклад в обсуждение более широких тем, связанных с социологическим осмыслением размывания границ между приватным и публичным в современном обществе.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках НИР «Развитие образовательной модели свободных искусств и наук (Liberal Arts) в условиях цифровизации» (РАНХиГС, 2020 г., ID проекта в системе Pure СПбГУ 53583510).
Kant on Civil Self-Sufficiency
Authors: Davies Luke
Published: May 2021

Kant distinguishes between ‘active’ and ‘passive’ citizens and holds that only the former are civilly self-sufficient and possess rights of political participation. Such rights are important, since for Kant state institutions are a necessary condition for individual freedom. Thus, only active citizens are entitled to contribute to a necessary condition for the freedom of each. I argue that Kant attributes civil self-sufficiency to those who are not under the authority of any private individual for their survival. This reading is more textually grounded than the dominant reading, which understands civil self-sufficiency in terms of economic relations alone. I further argue that Kant was interested in relations of authority because he was concerned to eliminate certain forms of corruption. This indicates that Kant’s contested distinction between active and passive citizens was a response to a key problem of any account of public lawgiving.
Consensus and swarming behaviors for a proportional-derivative system with a cut-off interaction
Authors: Wu Jun , Liu Yicheng
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a proportional-derivative protocol for the consensus problem of a class of linear second-order multi-agent systems with local information transmission. The communication topology among the agents is switching and agents receive information within a critical bounded distance. As new observations, we show that the desired protocol system undergoes consensus and swarming behaviours when 1 is a simple eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix. In this case, both final velocity and final relative position are formulated. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed protocol.
Comparing the effectiveness of mother’s live lullaby and recorded lullaby on physiological responses and sleep of preterm infants: a clinical trial study
Authors: Namjoo Razyeh , Mehdipour-Rabori Roghayeh , Bagherian Behnaz , Nematollahi Monirsadat
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Environmental stimuli in neonatal intensive care units can disrupt the physiological stability and sleep of infants. It is essential to perform nursing interventions to reduce the adverse effects of such stimuli. This study aimed to compare the effect of recorded lullabies and mothers’ live lullabies on physiological responses and sleep duration of preterm infants.

Methods

This study was a randomized clinical trial. The participants were 90 preterm infants selected using convenience sampling. In the intervention groups, music (recorded lullabies and mother’s live lullabies) was played for 14 days, 20 min a day, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were collected using physiological criteria and infant sleep checklists before, during, and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 21.0).

Results

The mean scores of physiological parameters (O2 saturation and heart rate) were not significantly different in the three groups before, during, and after the intervention (p>0.05). However, there was an improvement in O2-saturation and a decrease in the heart rate in two intervention groups. The mean duration of the infants’ overnight sleep was not statistically significant between the groups before the intervention (p>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the intervention groups after the intervention, (p<0.05), and the infants’ overnight sleep was longer in the recorded-lullaby group than the other two groups.

Conclusions

Although performing interventions, including recorded lullaby and mother’s live lullaby did not differ significantly with that of the control group in physiological criteria, it can be clinically important. In addition, recorded-lullaby increased the infants’ overnight sleeping. Thus, it is suggested that further studies be conducted to confirm the effect of recorded lullaby and mother’s live lullaby interventions on physiological parameters and sleep duration of hospitalized infants.
Resolving resolution dimensions in triangulated categories
Authors: Ma Xin , Zhao Tiwei
Published: May 2021

Let

T

{\mathcal{T}}

be a triangulated category with a proper class

ξ

\xi

of triangles and

X

{\mathcal{X}}

be a subcategory of

T

{\mathcal{T}}

. We first introduce the notion of

X

{\mathcal{X}}

-resolution dimensions for a resolving subcategory of

T

{\mathcal{T}}

and then give some descriptions of objects having finite

X

{\mathcal{X}}

-resolution dimensions. In particular, we obtain Auslander-Buchweitz approximations for these objects. As applications, we construct adjoint pairs for two kinds of inclusion functors and characterize objects having finite

X

{\mathcal{X}}

-resolution dimensions in terms of a notion of

ξ

\xi

-cellular towers. We also construct a new resolving subcategory from a given resolving subcategory and reformulate some known results.
Wear behavior of rice straw powder in automotive brake pads
Authors: Mutlu İbrahim , Keskin Ahmet
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates the use of rice straw powder in a brake pad as a substitute for asbestos which is a carcinogenic with detrimental effects on health. Rice straw powder was used as a novel material in a brake pad. Rice straw powder has a silica content which gives the pad a c eramic-like action. Rice straws were ground after drying in order to produce the powder. Five laboratory varieties were produced, altering the rice straw powder ingredients from 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt.-%, respectively added to other abrasive materials, binder, friction modifiers, solid lubricant, and filler material utilizing conventional techniques. In this study, the friction surface temperature, the wear amount, and the change of the friction coefficient were determined. Additionally, the microstructure specifications of the brake pads were determined using scanning electron microscopy. Experimental results showed that a 15 wt.-% fraction of rice straw powder yielded better wear and thermo-mechanical features as compared with other combinations. The micro-structure shows a uniform distribution of the rice straw powder in the matrix. Hence, rice straw powder can be a possible candidate friction material for producing non-asbestos new brake pad without any detrimental impact.
Effects of passenger airplane transport on blood
Authors: Yakushiji Koki , Yokochi Takanori , Fujita Hiroshi , Yakushiji Fumiatsu
Published: May 2021

Objective: We examined the effects of passenger air transport by regular airplanes for air transportation on blood for transfusion. Materials and methods: Irradiated red blood cell (RBC) solutions were transported by regular passenger airplanes which and were static in the cabin during the flight. Blood samples were evaluated visually and biochemically before and after transport. Hemolysis of the transported samples was compared to that of the non-transported ones. The vibration in the airplanes was also measured using a vibration data logger. Results: There was no significant hemolysis of RBCs during airplane transport. The vibration in the airplane was lower than that in automobiles. The temperature in the active transport refrigerator (ATR) room was maintained at 2−6°C. There was no significant hemolysis of RBCs during the two transport routes. Conclusion: Temperature-controlled air transport of blood transport in the ATR 700 airplane maintained a the blood at a good quality that rendered blood it fit for blood transfusion.
High strain rate compression behaviour of 3D printed Carbon-PA
Authors: Utzeri Mattia , Farotti Emanuele , Coccia Mattia , Mancini Edoardo , Sasso Marco
Published: May 2021

In the last few years, Fused Filament Fabrication is growing in the industrial field for the manufacture of final products by using new materials with high mechanical performances. Among those, one of the strongest is Carbon-PA. This is a composite material made by Nylon thermoplastic matrix filled with short carbon fibers reinforces. The aim of this work is to investigate its mechanical properties in static and dynamic conditions. Cylindrical specimens were produced by extruding the material in the three main printing directions. Then, uniaxial quasi-static and dynamic compression tests have been performed to evaluate its strain rate sensitivity. Dynamic tests have been carried out through a direct Split Hopkinson Bar setup with a pulse-shaping technique. The results show a compression behaviour dependent on the printing direction and strain rate. The behaviour of Carbon-PA was different between static and dynamic condition, passing from ductile to brittle. Moreover, a tomography analysis was carried out on the samples to evaluate the voids distribution.

Graphic abstract
Modelling strategy impact on structural assessment of deteriorated concrete bridge columns
Authors: Afsar Dizaj Ebrahim
Published: May 2021

Different methodologies have been suggested in the literature to simulate the adverse impact of reinforcement corrosion on the non-linear structural behaviour of deteriorated reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The modelling methodology used, however, can significantly bias the predicted time-dependent structural behaviour of deteriorated structures. Considering the critical importance of numerical modelling in bridge maintenance scheduling and effective decision making, the influence of different modelling strategies on the anticipated time-variant structural performance of corroded concrete bridge columns is investigated. To this end, various simple and advanced modelling methodologies are evaluated. The effect of the considered modelling scenarios on the estimation of damage limit states, the sequence of multiple failure modes, structural capacity (both ductility and strength) and energy dissipation capacity of a benchmark circular RC column is evaluated over its service life. The results show that the modelling strategy significantly affects the predicted time-variant structural performance of the deteriorated structure.
Védett telepek, erődítések problémája Észak- és Keletmagyarországon a bronzkor kezdetéig
Authors: Kalicz Nándor
Published: May 2021

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Kriegsordnung der Donaulegionen gegen Ende des 1. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Alföldi Géza
Published: May 2021

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Opponensi vélemény Bognárné Dr. Kutzián Ida: A magyarországi rézkor kronológiája c. kandidátusi értekezéséről (Opponentenmeinung zu der Dissertation von Ida Bognár Kutzián: Die Chronologie der ungarischen Kupferzeit)
Authors: Banner János
Published: May 2021

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Hampel József a professzor (Hampel, József, Universitätsprofessor 1849-1913)
Authors: Oroszlán Zoltán
Published: May 2021

X
German Politics and Intergovernmental Negotiations on the Eurozone Budget
Authors: Donnelly Shawn
Published: May 2021

This article examines selected political party positions on a Eurozone budget and fiscal transfers between 2018 and 2021. It posits that German government positions on common European debt and fiscal policy have undergone a significant but fragile shift. It must contend with continued domestic hostility before it can be said to be a lasting realignment. A great deal with depend less on the Social Democratic Party that is largely responsible for bringing it about with the support of German Greens, and more on the willingness of the Christian Democratic Union, their Bavarian sister party the Christian Social Union and the German voting public to adopt a more interventionist fiscal policy as well, generating shared commitments to economic policy at home and in Europe. That has not happened yet.
SERVICE-LEARNING IN SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION TO DEVELOP SOCIAL WORK COMPETENCIES IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Gruslyte Monika
Published: May 2021

The paper deals with service-learning as a teaching and learning approach in higher education being embedded in social work education seeking to achieve the synergy of the two reciprocally complementing and contributing phenomena. The aim of the theoretical investigation is to overview the concept of social work education as facilitated by service-learning to develop social work competencies in university students. The contribution of service-learning in delivering social work education curricula usually emphasises the development of core competencies and values in social work students, prospective professionals. The contemporary challenges, expectations and contextual demands are set for the social work profession both globally and locally. Therefore, the present research attempts to explore how the two concepts are bridged to meet for the development of social work competencies in university students and shares the insights on the implementation of this pedagogical approach in academic and broader community contexts.
Gender analysis and training needs assessment of class 4 staff in a tertiary health care institute
Authors: Honavar Priyanka U. , Samant Padmaja Y. , Bhosle Swati B.
Published: May 2021

Background: A health care team comprises of doctors, nurses, paramedical staff, medical assistants, administrators and support staff or class 4 workers. Each individual has a role in the execution of proper health care delivery to the patients. Obstetrics and gynecology is a dynamic branch requiring urgent attention in most cases right from admission to discharge. Delivery of prompt treatment is possible with better training and coordination of the health care team. In a tertiary care institute, referred patients have more critical health problems and need urgent assistance by well-trained staff. On the other hand, in a smaller set up with less human resource, agile and well-trained support staff would be an asset to overcome the limitations. Better-trained staff means less loss of man-hours from injuries and illnesses, less medico legal liabilities, reduced maintenance cost of equipment and less expenditure on health-related issues of staff. We conducted an interview based cross sectional observational cohort study of the situation and an assessment of needs for skill building of support staff in a tertiary care hospital. At the end, we propose a structured training program suitable to the local needs that can be conducted by experienced peers, technical staff and medical personnel. We studied unmet training needs of the staff and gender related issues.Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional study involving 92 class 4 workers in the department of obstetrics and gynecology in a tertiary care hospital was conducted comprising questions regarding their demography, work profile, training, needs and problems faced. Key informants in the relevant area were also interviewed.Results: Graphical representation of the responses received has been made. Professional work profile, health issues, gender issues, training need of any specialized training has been highlighted.Conclusions: As an important part of the health care team, this study has brought out issues related to health especially occupational health, needs for training, hurdles faced at work amongst class 4 staff working in the department of obstetrics and gynecology.
Study of pre induction transvaginal ultra-sonographic cervical length and its comparison with bishop score in predicting successful labor induction
Authors: Khajotia Santosh , Sharma Madhuri , Khichar Mool Chand , Gupta Manoj , Choudhary Kavita
Published: May 2021

Background: Induction of labor means initiation of uterine contraction, after period of viability by any method (medical, surgical or combined) before spontaneous onset of labor for the purpose of vaginal delivery. The condition of cervix or favorability is important for successful labor induction. Assessment of cervix has been used as a predictor of successful vaginal delivery. Induction of labor carried out in approximately 20% of all pregnancies. Aim and objectives of the current study were to compare the predictive value of trans-vaginal ultra-sonographic measurement of cervical length versus Bishop score prior to induction of labor in predicting the mode of delivery and maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sardar Patel medical college and associated group of hospitals, Bikaner between February to November 2020. Study group included 100 pregnant women in which induction of labor was performed at 37-42 weeks of gestation.Results: Bishop Score appears to be a better predictor than the cervical length with sensitivity of 1.00 and a specificity of 0.12 compared to 0.52 and 1.00 respectively. In the receiver operating characteristic curves, the cut-off point for the prediction of successful induction taken was 2.6 cm cervical length and >4 for the bishop score.Conclusions: TVS cervical length could be used as alternative to Bishop score for prediction of successful labor induction in the sitting where the appropriate equipment and expertise are available. Bishop score and TVS cervical length both are good predictors of successful induction of labor.
Association of early neonatal-maternal outcomes with timing of elective caesarean section at term gestation
Authors: Rohilla Priyanka , Goel Poonam , Jain Suksham
Published: May 2021

Background: The decision for optimal time for elective caesarean section (ECS) should be taken considering the minimum risk to the newborn as well as to the mother. This prospective observational study aimed to investigate the effect of gestation of ECS, on neonatal and maternal outcomes.Methods: All the pregnant term mothers admitted to our hospital for ECS and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled and divided into 2 groups, early term and full term. Patients having high-risk factors like intrauterine growth restriction, amniotic fluid disorders, multiple pregnancies, placenta previa, abruption placenta and medical co-morbidities were excluded. Early neonatal and maternal outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.Results: 244 mothers were eligible for ECS, 183 (75%) women underwent ECS in the early term and 61 (25%) at full term as per the decision of obstetricians of various units. The incidence of neonatal respiratory morbidity (NRM) was 2 percent in our study. Out of 244 newborns, 4 developed NRM in the form of delayed adaption in 3 and respiratory distress in 1. The incidence of respiratory distress was comparable in both groups. The incidence of NNJ, MSL and sepsis was higher in the early term but it was not significant statistically. Maternal outcomes like postpartum haemorrhage, the need for blood transfusion, bladder injury, thin scar, adhesions poorly formed LUS were observed in the early term but the difference was not significant.Conclusions: More research needs to be done for optimization of timing of ECS.
Study of coagulation disorder following haemotoxic snake envenomation in a tertiary care centre
Authors: R. Mubarak , Mohapatra B. N.
Published: May 2021

Background: Coagulopathy is the most common manifestation in cases of haemotoxic snake bites. The most common coagulopathy associated with snake envenoming worldwide is venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC). The existence of overlapping clinical syndromes of VICC and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in snake envenoming is the likely reason for the mistaken idea that snake bite causes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). This study aims to look into the exact type coagulopathy in haemotoxic snake envenomation.Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted from January 2017 to January 2018 at a tertiary care centre in Odisha.Results: Out of 54, 23 (42.6%) cases were having DIC and 31 (57.4%) cases were not confirmed to be having DIC. In DIC group there was significantly delayed hospitalization (46.3±28.5 hours) when compared to group B (13.5±11.1 hours, p<0.05). Mean anti-snake venom (ASV) requirement in DIC group was significantly higher (28.3±14) than in those DIC is not confirmed (11.13±3.1, p<0.05). 21.7% cases in DIC group had kdigo stage III AKI compared to 3.3%cases of group B. 13% cases of DIC group required hemodialysis when compared to 3.2% cases of group B.Conclusions: Early hospitalisation (preferably <12 hours and not >24 hours), early ASV administration are important to prevent full blown DIC and more serious complications. Most of the non DIC cases appears to be DIC in evolution but not confirmed to diagnosis by DIC scoring system as they reached hospital early before the development of frank DIC. TMA has not been found in this study. However further studies are needed to ascertain the exact cause of coagulopathy in non DIC group.
Case series of mucormycosis occurring in patients of COVID-19
Authors: Patel Drashti J. , Patel Paras G. , Patel Purvi P. , Sapariya BrijeshKumar , Parmar Moxa B. , Diwanji Nehal S.
Published: May 2021

Mucormycosis is an umbrella term used for diseases caused by many non-septate filamentous fungal species which is caused by sub-phylum Mucormycotina. It is an acute opportunistic and aggressive fulminant invasive infection that can occur in immunocompromised patients, such as uncontrolled diabetes, renal failure, organ transplant, long-term corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy, AIDS, malignancy and corona virus disease 2019 (COVID 19) infections. Mucormycosis is now third most common invasive mycoses after candidiasis and aspergillosis. The COVID-19 infection is characterised by wide range of disease patterns, ranging from mild to life-threatening pneumonia. Many bacterial and fungal co-infections may exist and may be associated with preexisting morbidity or may develop as a hospital-acquired infection such as ventilator-associated pneumonia. Extensive use of corticosteroids and broad-spectrum antibiotics lead to exacerbation of preexisting disease. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors along with high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and aggressive management of mucormycosis.
Melanonychia striata: a case report
Authors: Nurasta I. Gede Narendra Yogi Swara , Adiputra Putu Anda  Tusta , Dwipayana A.A. Krisna
Published: May 2021

Melanonychia striata longitudinalis is a pigmented band in the long axis of the nail. The discoloration occured because of increase of melanin in the nail matrix. In most cases, especially in children, melanonychia striata is a benign condition. In this case report a 12-years-old male with melanonychia striata. Longitudinal excision was performed with histopathology examination to rule out malignancy and further management.
Dyselectrolemia in patients with dengue fever in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Verma Shubhangi Hirasingh , Jagtap Pranjal Prakash
Published: May 2021

Background: Dengue is a mosquito borne acute febrile illness caused by viruses belonging to group flaviviridea. Primarily this disease is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. There are 4 serotypes of dengue virus i.e. DENV 1, 2, 3, and 4. According to World Health Organization (WHO) report in 2009, globally around 2.5 billion people live in dengue endemic areas and more than 50 million people are infected with dengue fever annually. Dyselectrolemia is very common among dengue patients. Many studies found that hyponatremia is common in Dengue, DHF and especially in dengue shock patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum sodium as the predictor of prognosis in dengue fever.Methods: Present study was longitudinal in nature conducted on 100 dengue patients. All patients fulfilling inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were taken up for the study. Study was carried from August to October 2020. Serum electrolyte kit was used to analyze electrolytes.Results: Majority (39%) of the dengue patients was in the age group of 18-35 years and most of them were male. Fever was the most common complaint, present in all (100%) the patients followed by myalgia (96%), headache (89%), retro-orbital pain (88%), rash (73%) and joint pain (71%). Hyponatremia was the chief electrolyte abnormality, present among 61% dengue patients and it was associated with poor prognosis.Conclusions: We have found that hyponatremia was the chief electrolyte abnormality among dengue patients and prognosis was inversely related to hyponatremia.
Assessment of serum prolactin level in hepatic encephalopathy patient
Authors: Giri Richa , Pandey Saksham , Kushwaha J. S.
Published: May 2021

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder that arises in both acute and chronic liver disease. It is typified by the disturbance in consciousness and behavior, personality changes fluctuating neurological signs, asterisks or flapping tremors and distinctive EEG changes. This study was established to assess and evaluate the serum prolactin level in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) patient.Methods: The present cross-sectional study consisted a total 70 patients, out of those 35 were having HE and the rest 35 had no clinical evidence of HE. Those patients without clinical evidence of HE but having cirrhosis of liver, acute viral hepatitis and normal healthy controls.Results: Serum prolactin levels of patients of cirrhosis of liver with hepatic encephalopathy ranged from 37.6-210.7 ng/ml with a mean of 73.63±43.85 ng/ml. In patients, Prolactin levels were found significantly high in cirrhosis of liver patients with HE then cirrhosis of liver without HE patients (p<0.001). Level of serum prolactin in patients with hepatic encephalopathy with Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) ranged from 30.6-119.7 ng/ml with a mean of 71.24±26.87 ng/ml. The values obtained from these are significantly higher as compared to those in normal healthy controls and those in acute viral hepatitis (p<0.001). Level of serum prolactin in patients of liver cirrhosis without hepatic encephalopathy ranged from 18.6-26.4 ng/ml with a mean of 21.48±2.43 ng/ml. These values are significantly higher than those found in normal healthy controls and those found in acute viral hepatitis (p<0.001). Mortality rate was 70% in patients of cirrhosis of liver with HE.Conclusions: Serum prolactin levels (SPL) are significantly higher in patients with complications such as hepatic encephalopathy and higher the levels, greater the severity. Hence, we conclude that level of serum prolactin can be used as a useful prognostic marker in patients with cirrhosis of the liver as well as an early indicator of its complications.
Fracture of the penis in Jos, Nigeria: review of cases in 2020
Authors: Ofoha Chimaobi G. , Umana Ifiok P. , Adewale Adedeji G.
Published: May 2021

Background: Penile fracture is a urological emergency and requires urgent medical attention. There was a relative upsurge in 2020. Diagnosis is usually based on typical history and examination findings suggestive of penile fracture. The objective of this study was to determine the demographics, clinical presentation and management of fracture of the penis.Methods: All patients who presented at the accident and emergency in 2020 with penile fracture were studied. The patients age, time to presentation, mechanism of injury, clinical features (cracking sound, pain, immediate detumescence, penile swelling, urethral bleeding and acute urinary retention) were recorded. Intraoperative findings (location of corpora rupture, length of tear and urethral rupture) were recorded and analysed.Results: Twelve patients were studied. The mean age was 34.8 years, range (20 years to 56 years). 58.3% presented within 24 hours of trauma. The commonest mechanism of penile fracture was sexual intercourse with the woman on top position (58%). 75% of the patients heard a popping sound. All patients had pain, detumescence and penile swelling (N=12) 100%. Two patients had urethral bleeding (N=2) 16.7%, with one having associated urethral rupture (N=1) 8.3%. Two patients had acute urinary retention (16.7%). Rupture of the right corpora occurred in 50%, 8.3% had bilateral rupture of the corpora. All the patients had repair of the corporal rupture. Urethral injury was repaired primarily. Erection and voiding post-repair were satisfactory.Conclusions: Fracture of the penis is a urological emergency. Diagnosis can be made based on typical history and examination findings. Prompt surgical intervention is advised to avoid complications and erectile dysfunction.
Analysis of risk factors in patients admitted with epistaxis
Authors: Maqbool Tabish , Qadri Sajad , Showkat Showkat Ahmed , Ahmed Rauf , Mehta Kulvinder Singh
Published: May 2021

Background: Epistaxis can be classified into anterior and posterior epistaxis. All bleeding occurs as a result of disruption of the intact nasal mucosa, whether due to trauma, inflammation, or neoplasm. Management depends on the severity of the bleeding and its underlying cause.

Methods: This study was done in department of otorhinolaryngology in a tertiary care centre from September 2018 to December 2020. A total of 143 patients were studies. All patients admitted in our department as a case of epistaxis were analysed for the risk factors present in them which could be the cause of epistaxis.

Results: In our study it was seen the risk factor involved in majority of patients was hypertension (70%), followed closely by diabetis mellitis and deranged coagulogram (65%). Chronic kidney disease was an associated risk factor in 64% of patients. All these factors cause microangiopathies which in turn lead to bleeding.

Conclusions: The current study can be taken as indirect evidence that while raised blood pressure is seen in patients with severe epistaxis but in general the diseases associated with microangiopathies.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (pre-operative) and histopathological (post-operative) correlation in thyroid swellings
Authors: Mandal Manit M. , Panchal Ajay J. , Kumar Rakesh , Kapadia Parth B. , Valiya Vipul
Published: May 2021

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is one of the most important pre-operative procedures used in the primary diagnosis of thyroid swelling. Even if non-surgical and non-invasive techniques can provide a diagnosis, the ultimate answer rests in the histopathological examination of the surgically excised thyroid tissue. A correlation of both FNAC and HPE though can help predict outcomes and may be helpful to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures for benign conditions. The purpose of this study was to establish a cyto-histological correlation and to evaluate accuracy of FNAC in diagnosing thyroid lesions.

Methods: The study was carried out over a period of three years between September 2017 to September 2020 prospective study in which 38 cases were taken who eventually underwent thyroid surgery. A cyto-histological correlation was made between the pre-operative FNAC and the post-operative HPE report. These reports were correlated and conclusions drawn after statistical analysis.

Results: Cyto-histological correlation was done and overall accuracy was 94.7%. Majority of cases were non-neoplastic, peak age of incidence was in third and fourth decade and there was female predominance.

Conclusions: It was observed that FNAC is a very reliable test having high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosing thyroid swellings which is also a simple, safe and cost effective modality in investigation.

 

 
Understanding How the Social Scientific Study of Same-Sex Parenting Works
Authors: Regnerus Mark
Published: May 2021

The social scientific study of same-sex households with children has come a long way in 10 years. Better quality data collection is now available. However, this is no guarantee that consistently sensible analyses and reasonable conclusions are imminent, because the “consensus” that children from same-sex households fare no differently than children from opposite-sex households—in particular, married families—is a carefully guarded social construction. The consensus is the result of sampling decisions, analytic comparisons, and interpretations of results that often indicate baseline differences prior to statistical controls for household instability, after which they commonly disappear. It is this variable—relationship dissolution—that remains demonstrably different between same-sex and opposite-sex relationships, even in the most tolerant of societies. The point of this article is neither to trumpet nor dispute any particular study’s conclusion in the domain of parental influence on children’s outcomes. Rather, I seek to explain how the consensus around “no differences” came to be, and how it is reinforced, despite evidence that it was, and remains, premature.
Enforcement of Custodial Sentence in the Light of Who Guidelines During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Poland on the Example of the Correctional Facility in Chełm
Authors: Nikołajew Jerzy
Published: May 2021

During the Covid-19 pandemic, most of the rights of prisoners were clearly limited. These restrictions temporarily affected, among others, visits, out-of-prison employment, prison furloughs and access to religious services. The introduced restrictions significantly increased dissatisfaction among prisoners, which manifested in prison riots in Poland (e.g. in Chełm) and abroad. It should be noted, however, that the full exercise of all the rights and freedoms of prisoners in the conditions of pandemic is not possible, even if compliance with the WHO guidelines set out in the document of 15 March 2020 is ensured. These guidance has been followed rightfully in practice by most Polish prisons and pre-trial detention centres and there have been no reports of serious coronavirus disease outbreaks.
Characteristics of Pyogenic Liver Abscess
Authors: Pandak Nenad , Mahdi Asmaa S. , Al Majrafi Ali , Molay Mariya , Deenadayalan Stepen S. , Khamis Faryal , Al Balushi Zakariya
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Liver abscess can develop as a complication of hepatobiliary disease or other intraabdominal infections, but more recently it is associated with primary and secondary liver malignancies and their treatment. The goal of this study was to analyze the epidemiology, etiology and clinical characteristics of pyogenic liver abscess in Oman. The intention was to obtain the information needed for the adequate liver abscess empirical treatment. Methods: This retrospective study took place in a tertiary hospital. Consecutive patients treated for the liver abscess during the five years period, from January 2013 until the end of 2017, were enrolled. Their demographic and clinical data were used to study the characteristics of pyogenic liver abscess in Oman. Results: Fifty-three patients with pyogenic liver abscess were enrolled in the study. They were predominantly male and younger than 60 years. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most usual bacteria causing the liver abscess. Clinical presentation was unspecific and the abdominal pain and high fever were the most usual symptoms. Conclusion: The majority of pyogenic liver abscesses are caused by K. pneumoniae so the empirical treatment should be started with antibiotic directed against it. Further studies are needed to establish the local role of anaerobic bacteria in pyogenic liver abscess as well as to monitor the presence of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae in Oman.

Keywords: Pyogenic liver abscess; Etiology; Epidemiology; Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Efeito da correção do pH do requeijão cremoso tipo ovino sobre as características físico químicas e microbiológica
Authors: Mallmann Stéfani , Camili Scopel Bruna , Naiara Schmeier Mônica , Cavalheiro Darlene , Rigo Elisandra
Published: May 2021

O “requeijão cremoso” é um tipo de queijo processado brasileiro muito consumido no país, obtido da mistura de diferentes tipos de queijos com sais emulsionantes e outros ingredientes lácteos. As características deste produto são dependentes especialmente da matéria-prima proteíca utilizada e seu valor de pH. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da correção do pH do requeijão elaborado com leite de ovelha nas características físico-químicas e microbiológicas durante 30 dias de armazenamento à 4 ± 0,1 °C. Os parâmetros físico-químicos mantiveram-se estáveis durante o armazenamento. A contagem de microrganismos mesófilos e Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva foi de < 1,0 log UFC.mL-1 durante todo o período avaliado. Em ambos os requeijões, com e sem correção de pH, não houve a presença de alterações visíveis na cor instrumental. O requeijão cremoso elaborado com caseína enzimática ovina, apresentou características de brilho, textura, espalhabilidade em pH’s  5,7 a 5,9 mas também tem valores próximos a 7 durante o período avaliado.
Desenvolvimento de smoothie de Skyr com mucilagem de palma (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller) e saborizado com polpa de umbu (Spondias tuberosa).
Authors: Ribeiro Marinho Milena , Geraldo Amaral Juliano , Santos Souza Anderson , Elena Zanuto Márcia , Camelo Eloi de Souza Cassiara
Published: May 2021

O crescente aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis tem estimulado a procura do consumidor por alimentos funcionais. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo a preparação e caracterização de smoothies, utilizando o iogurte Skyr, a mucilagem de palma como espessante e a polpa de umbu para sua saborização. Foram elaboradas quatro formulações distintas de acordo com o processamento do Skyr (dessorado ou sem dessorar) e tipo de açúcar (açúcar de coco ou demerara). As formulações foram submetidas à caracterização química, determinação do teor de constituintes bioativos, atividade antioxidante e análise reológica. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destacaram-se na polpa de umbu valores elevados de ácido ascórbico (11,59 mg.100 g-1), compostos fenólicos (56,70 mg.EAG.100 g-1), atividade antioxidante total (59,85%) e baixo teor lipídico (0,31 mg.100 g-1). Os smoothies apresentaram acidez titulável e pH compatíveis com os exigidos pela legislação brasileira para iogurtes, baixo teor lipídico (1,16-3,03%), ácido ascórbico variando entre 5,82-10,36 mg.100 g-1 e os níveis de fenólicos totais, flavonoides amarelos e antocianinas foram maiores na formulação com Skyr dessorado e açúcar de coco. A atividade antioxidante oscilou de 12,06 a 28,09% para os diferentes smoothies. A mucilagem de palma promoveu efeito espessante e estabilizante nas formulações. Tanto a polpa quanto os smoothies apresentaram um comportamento reológico não-newtoniano. Portanto, os smoothies podem ser considerados como alimentos funcionais evidenciando-se que a utilização do umbu e a palma constituem-se como uma opção interessante para a inovação tecnológica na área alimentícia além de colaborar com uma alimentação saudável.
Elaboração da farinha da casca de batata-doce e utilização na produção de barras de cereais
Authors: ARAUJO FOMES PATRICIA MARIA , Marcelo de Brito Primo Dalmo , Alexandre Barbosa Alex
Published: May 2021

Objetivou-se elaborar a farinha da casca de batata-doce (Ipomea batatas L.) variedade roxa e utiliza-la na produção de barras de cereais. A farinha foi obtida mediante secagem em estufa com ar forçado, na temperatura de 60 °C e caracterizada quanto aos parâmetros: umidade, proteínas, lipídios, cinzas, carboidratos, valor energético, pH, atividade de água e cor. Foram desenvolvidas barras de cereais com adição de 25 e 50% de farinha da casca da batata-doce. As barras foram caracterizadas quanto aos parâmetros: umidade, pH, atividade de água e cor. Para a farinha foram encontrados valores de acordo com a legislação vigente, apresentando elevada concentração de nutrientes, sugerindo que sua adição em formulados alimentícios refletirá em aumento importante no valor nutricional. Na análise da cor os resultados indicaram que a farinha apresentou uma coloração escura, com predominância na intensidade da cor amarela sobre a cor vermelha. As barras de cereais elaboradas apresentaram baixos valores de umidade e atividade de água. O pH manteve-se levemente ácido, os parâmetros de cor: luminosidade L* diminui com o aumento da adição da farinha, enquanto que a intensidade de vermelho (a*) e intensidade de amarelo (b*) aumentaram. Os resultados indicaram que a farinha da casca de batata-doce variedade roxa pode ser considerada, uma boa opção para a produção de barras de cereais e uma alternativa para o aproveitamento deste resíduo, podendo resultar em um produto mais barato, além de evitar o descarte deste resíduo no ambiente.
Morangos revestidos por uma cobertura comestível à base de amido de mandioca e stevia
Authors: Campos Amanda , De Moraes Gomes Rosa Maria Thereza
Published: May 2021

O morango (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) é considerado um pseudofruto atrativo entre os consumidores devido ao seu sabor e textura. Entretanto, o seu comércio é desafiador pois apresentam altas perdas pós-colheita e uma shelf-life curta. Normalmente essas perdas estão relacionadas a invasões fungicidas, rápida deterioração, danos mecânicos e altas atividades fisiológicas. Com o intuito de prolongar a vida útil dos morangos, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e aplicar uma cobertura comestível à base de amido de mandioca e stevia, a qual desempenhou o papel de agente antimicrobiano. Neste estudo, foi realizado a análise sensorial de aceitação dos atributos (sabor, aparência, textura, aroma e intensidade da cor vermelha) dos morangos revestidos, a análise do efeito antifúngico da stevia durante o armazenamento nos dias (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10) e o prolongamento da vida útil dos morangos armazenados durantes os dias (3, 6, 9, 12 e 15). A avaliação do efeito antifúngico e prolongamento da vida útil das amostras revestidas não apresentaram um bom desempenho quando comparadas à amostra controle. Em contrapartida, os resultados obtidos na análise sensorial não interferiram sensorialmente as amostras de morango, sendo que, todas as amostras foram bem avaliadas.
Effect of different doses of acid milk serum on growth in rice culture and on soil chemical attributes
Authors: De Melo Bruno Manoel Rezende , Castro Douglas Goulart , Silva Tácio Peres da , Rosário Neto Antônio , Félix Marco Renan , Botelho Flávia Barbosa Silva
Published: May 2021

The culture of rice has great potential to constitute the production systems of annual perennial crops, mainly in small properties. This allows this system to integrate with other activities such as the dairy industry, taking advantage of the milk by-product, reducing the environmental liability for disposal in the environment. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the growth and productivity of rice grains under different doses of acid milk serum (0 m3 ha-1, 5 m3 ha-1, 10 m3 ha-1, 20 m3 ha-1, 50 m3 ha-1, 100 m3 ha-1, and 150 m3 ha-1), in soil applications with monitoring of fertility and electrical conductivity levels. The rice was sown in the UFLA experimental field, using the BRSMG Esmeralda lineage. Seven different doses were used, divided into two applications via soil. No cover fertilization was carried out. Yield and crop growth variables were determined by monitoring the nutrient content in the soil profile and the sodification and salinization capacity of the residue. It was found that the increase in serum doses increased the electrical conductivity and the percentage of exchangeable sodium by 1.75 and 7.75 compared to the control, but did not cause the process of sodification and salinization of the soil. As acid milk serum is a significant source of potassium, its use in the soil did not promote significant grain yield. It was concluded that the acid milk serum in the doses used did not cause sodification or salinization of the soil. This residue is the safe dose that can be used as potassium and nitrogen. The acid milk serum in the tested conditions did not increase the growth of the culture.
Towards a Logic of Value and Disagreement via Imprecise Measures
Authors: Faroldi Federico L. G.
Published: May 2021

After putting forward a formal account of value disagreement via imprecise measures, I develop a logic of value attribution and of (dis)agreement based on (exact) truthmaker semantics.
Humanitarian Solutions to Improve Dignity and Wellbeing for Rohingya Refugees In Bangladesh
Authors: Hart Josh
Published: May 2021

There are almost 1 million Rohingya refugees currently living in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The vast majority of these people are confined to government-run camps—they live in deplorable conditions, are unable to legally work or leave the camps, and are entirely supported by international aid. The Rohingya suffer from a distinct lack of access to durable solutions, in that safe return to Myanmar is not possible and the prospects of local integration or resettlement to a third country are extremely limited. While ending refugee crises invariably requires long-term political solutions, this article will argue that where repeated efforts to pressure Myanmar to address its human rights abuses and create the conditions for safe and voluntary repatriation have proven ineffective, more attention should be paid to shorter-term humanitarian solutions. Potential interim strategies designed to increase self-sufficiency, dignity and wellbeing will be assessed with a view to developing a holistic strategy that can provide short- and medium-term support, while a longer-term political solution to what is one of world’s most severe humanitarian crises is sought.