bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAJIAN HADIS DI KAWASAN BASRAH
Authors: Hamida Nurul Atik , Sein Lau Han
Published: August 2024

Basrah is a city that was built at the beginning of the development of Islam around the year 16 H, precisely during the reign of the caliph Umar bin al-Khattab. In the field of science, Basrah is one of the cities visited by many scholars to seek knowledge, including hadith scholars. The purpose of this study was to determine the study of hadith in Basrah City, both in its development and dissemination. This research is a library research with descriptive analysis method. The results of this study indicate that in Basrah there are many figures who teach Islamic knowledge, especially the Qur'an and Hadith. Hadith itself had entered Basrah during the period of Umar bin Khattab's friend, but at this time the hadith was not so developed because Umar chose to be careful in terms of transmitting hadith by doing al-tathabbut wa taqlil min al-riwayah (tightening or limiting the hadith). and reduce the transmission of hadith). In addition, in Basrah there are also a number of sahabat and tabi'in who live so that they become a reference for obtaining a history of hadith. With the many narrators of hadith from the generation of sahabat and tabi'in in this city, it proves that Basrah is included in the city that is used as a rihlah for religious leaders to demand or spread knowledge
Basrah merupakan kota yang dibangun pada awal perkembangan Islam sekitar tahun 16 H, tepatnya pada masa pemerintahan khalifah Umar bin al-Khattab. Dalam bidang keilmuan, Basrah menjadi salah satu kota yang banyak di datangi para ulama untuk mencari ilmu termasuk para ulama hadis.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kajian hadis di Kota Basrah, baik dalam perkembangan dan penyebaranya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan metode anasis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di Basrah banyak para tokoh yang mengajarkan ilmu keislaman, terutama al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Hadis sendiri sudah masuk ke Basrah pada masa periode sahabat Umar bin Khattab, akan tetapi pada masa ini hadis tidak begitu berkembang karena Umar memilih bersikap hati-hati dalam hal periwayatan hadis dengan melakukan al-tathabbut wa taqlil min al-riwayah (memperketat atau membatasi hadis dan mempersedikit periwayatan hadis). Selain itu, di Basrah juga terdapat sejumlah sahabat dan tabi’in yang berdomisili sehingga menjadi rujukan untuk mendapatkan sebuah riwayat hadis. Dengan banyaknya para perawi hadis dari generasi sahabat dan tabi’in di kota ini, membuktikan bahwa  Basrah termasuk ke dalam kota yang dijadikan rihlah para tokoh Agama untuk menuntut atau menyebarkan ilmu.
Основные сценарии дестабилизации и изменения мирового порядка
Authors: Пантин Владимир , Лапкин Владимир
Published: August 2024

The subject of this article is a forecast of the processes of change in the world order in the period 2020–2040. The aim of the work is to identify and analyze the most likely scenarios for the destabilization of the old world order and the formation of a new one. The research methodology includes the use of cyclical wave and world-system approaches as well as comparative political analysis. The scope of application of the results is the analysis and forecasting of changes in the world order, the impact of these changes on the system of international relations, on the development of Russia and Western countries. The literature on the problems of changing the world order has been reviewed. The main scenarios of destabilization and changes in the world order have been identified, key challenges to international security have been characterized, and preliminary recommendations for countering internal destabilization in the Russian Federation have been developed. Special attention has been paid to identifying the risks associated with processes of destabilization and rapid nonlinear transformation of the world order. The results of the study can be used in recommendations to the government bodies of the Russian Federation, as well as in the development of training courses in political science and international relations. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the identification of the main security challenges for Russia in the context of the ongoing changes in the world order and in the developing of possible ways to counteract internal socio-political destabilization on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Война дронов как пример влияния самоуправляемых систем на изменение баланса сил
Authors: Гринин Антон
Published: August 2024

According to our forecasts a new, very powerful technological wave will begin, in the next 10–15 years, which we call the Cybernetic Revolution. Its final phase will begin in the 2030s. The main technological breakthroughs of the Cybernetic Revolution will lead to the emergence and widespread implementation of self-regulating systems, that is, systems capable of functioning not only in the absence (or with minimal participation) of humans, but also independently (using artificial intelligence and other innovative technologies) to accept complex solutions. Such systems already exist, but in the future we will see the emergence of many new and more advanced self-regulating systems that will be in demand in a wide range of areas of life: from medicine to the management of “smart cities.” However, in the context of the topic of the article, we are especially interested in self-regulating systems used for military purposes: drones of various types (water, land, and air), but especially UAVs, as well as robots and self-driving vehicles. The article will show how the special military operation in Ukraine accelerated the development and expanded the use of these self-regulating systems; how and why UAVs have a major impact on military tactical and strategic decisions and practices. Particular attention will be paid to the impact of drones and other self-regulating military systems on the global and regional balance of power, and to predictions of how future wars may be shaped by the development of self-regulating systems.
Трансисторические структуры российского аграрного общества
Authors: Ельчанинов Михаил
Published: August 2024

Within the framework of historical sociology, the author develops the concept of transistorical structures of Russian society caused by a number of internal and external factors, primarily the dangerous geopolitical environment and the limited resources of the extensive agrarian economy. The analysis shows that transhistorical structures, as an integral authoritarian complex, were formed during a long-term historical process, complicated by a difficult geopolitical environment, the extensive economy of the agrarian society, and abnormal natural and geographical conditions. The thesis is clarified and analyzed that for a long historical period the transhistorical structures, primarily autocracy, militarism, empire, large-scale economy, served as the basis and mechanism for the formation and maintenance of social order and stability in Russian agrarian society. It is shown that due to various social fluctuations, these structures sooner or later led the Russian state to stagnation, and then to catastrophic restructuring (the Troubles, the Revolution of 1917, the collapse of the USSR).
Conhecimento de graduandos de uma universidade privada da Região Nordeste do Brasil sobre gestão de consultório odontológico
Authors: Vasconcelos Theo Rodrigues de , Lins Bryanny Angélica Nobre , Alves Luiz Carlos Costa Madeira , Carlos Márlio Ximenes , Santos Saulo Ellery , Marques Paulo Leonardo Ponte
Published: August 2024

Em um mercado de trabalho competitivo onde é vital que os profissionais se reinventem para agregar valor aos seus clientes, o grande desafio está na capacidade do cirurgião-dentista desenvolver tanto competências clínicas quanto técnicas de gestão para minimizar o risco de insucesso. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento de estudantes do último ano do curso de Odontologia sobre gestão de consultório odontológico. Foi realizado estudo do tipo observacional, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, que teve como cenário uma universidade privada na Região Nordeste do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário, abordando aspectos do conhecimento em gestão de consultório odontológico, mensurado por meio de Escala Likert. A partir de uma amostra censitária de 140 estudantes no ano de 2022, um total de 95 participaram da pesquisa. Mais de 50% dos participantes indicaram ter conhecimento sobre estruturação física do consultório. O nível de conhecimento mais elevado foi quanto à preservação dos prontuários (83,2%) e obrigatoriedade de ter um responsável técnico (81,1%). No entanto, 51,5% dos participantes não se sentem confortáveis para administrar uma empresa própria e apenas 12,6% julgam ter obtido o conhecimento necessário sobre marketing odontológico durante o curso. Conclui-se que alguns aspectos gerenciais são desconhecidos pelos estudantes. A inserção ou utilização de novas abordagens pedagógicas na estratégia de ensino pode facilitar um maior conhecimento dos estudantes sobre gestão de consultório.
Percepción del Profesorado sobre los Textos utilizados en Establecimientos Educativos del Ecuador
Authors: Moscoso Bernal Santiago Arturo , Minchala Bacuilima Wilson Rene , Pulla Abad Cristina Alexandra , Guevara Vizcaino Claudio Fernando
Published: August 2024

Este estudio investiga cómo los docentes de instituciones públicas en Ecuador valoran los libros proporcionados por el Ministerio de Educación (MINEDUC). Se enfoca en el impacto de estos textos en el desarrollo curricular y la consecución de objetivos educativos, buscando mejorar los recursos y fomentar un ambiente de aprendizaje enriquecedor. La metodología combina enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos, utilizando un formulario de Google Forms con 27 preguntas que recogen datos de los participantes y evalúan la percepción de los libros. La muestra para este estudio es estratificada no probabilística, centrada en 51 docentes pertenecientes a dos instituciones educativas específicas de la Zona 6, Distrito Cuenca 1, una en la zona rural y otra urbana. Los resultados muestran una percepción positiva de los libros, aunque se identifican áreas de mejora como la necesidad de integrar recursos didácticos adicionales, mejorar la claridad y actualizar los contenidos según las etapas de desarrollo de los estudiantes.
Gestión Eficiente en el Gobierno Local: El Rol de la Simplificación Administrativa
Authors: Zavaleta Rojas María Betsabet , Santamaría Oblitas Sttefany , Chamoly Urtecho Katheryne Mery Ashly
Published: August 2024

Se destaca la importancia de la simplificación administrativa como estrategia esencial para optimizar los procesos burocráticos. Este artículo de revisión se enfoca en analizar la simplificación administrativa en gobiernos locales a través de una revisión bibliográfica que selecciona 19 artículos publicados entre 2018 y 2022 en bases de datos como Scielo, Scopus, Latindex y Google Scholar, cumpliendo con criterios de inclusión específicos. El análisis contextual consideró los artículos desarrollados en contextos municipales, seleccionando un total de 19 artículos que cumplían con los requisitos de inclusión. La revisión de la literatura sobre simplificación administrativa en gobiernos locales destaca la importancia de liderazgos efectivos, modernización de herramientas y atención a las necesidades ciudadanas para lograr una administración eficiente. A pesar de esfuerzos en la simplificación, persisten deficiencias, especialmente en áreas remotas, generando insatisfacción. La gestión eficiente de recursos humanos y la planificación de la participación ciudadana son clave.
Rupturas Comportamentales del Consumidor y su Efecto en el Desarrollo Empresarial
Authors: Salazar Duque Diego
Published: August 2024

El presente artículo plantea supuestos sobre aquellos factores sociales, culturales, personales y psicológicos que influyen en el comportamiento del consumidor y que afectan al desarrollo empresarial de las micros, pequeñas y medianas empresas en el contexto ecuatoriano. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los datos que han sido generados e investigados estadísticamente por otros autores en estos últimos cinco años (2019-2023) sobre aquellos factores que influyen en las decisiones de compra del consumidor ecuatoriano. A partir de los hallazgos más relevantes se logró identificar y abordar 17 variables que actúan en la decisión de compra de un individuo que pueden generar un efecto de ruptura comportamental en el consumidor y que pueden afectar negativamente al desarrollo empresarial. Se concluye que, el consumidor posee decisiones de compra que son prioritarios que están relacionados con la educación, salud y alimentación frente a compras relacionados con productos de conveniencia.
Unveiling the anti-Klebsiella activity of methanol extracts from Hallea ciliata leaves and barks against multidrug-resistant strains overexpressing AcrAB-TolC efflux pumps
Authors: Assonfack Derick J. , Mpude Larissa , Cadet Eric , Yendze Ancela W. B. , Matieta Valaire Y. , Kuete Jenifer R. N. , Megaptche Junior F. , Bonsou Idrios N. , Kengne Michael F. , Kuete Victor , Mbaveng Armelle T.
Published: August 2024

Background: Infectious diseases are considered one of the most critical threats to public health. The present work aimed to determine the anti-Klebsiella activity of methanol extracts (botanicals) of Hallea ciliata leaves (HCL) and bark (HCB) against multidrug-resistant phenotypes over-expressing ACrAB-TolC efflux pumps. Methods: The antibacterial activity of botanicals alone and in combination with PAβN and antibiotics, was determined using the broth microdilution method. The effects of HCL on H+/ATPases and the qualitative phytochemical screening were assessed using standard experimental protocols. Results: The results indicate that HCL and HCB had antibacterial activity against 75% and 56.25% of the tested bacterial strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 64 to 1024 µg/mL and from 64 to 512 µg/mL, respectively. They showed strong activity against Klebsiella oxytoca KO107 and Klebsiella pneumoniae K2 with MICs of 64 µg/mL for HCL and HCB, respectively. When the functioning of proton pump dysfunction was assessed in the presence of HCL, it was observed to affect Klebsiella oxytoca KO107. Furthermore, when combined with PAβN, the botanicals demonstrated improved activity against 100% of the tested strains and isolates, with the activity improvement factor (AIF) ranging from 2 to 256. Additionally, the study found that the botanicals enhanced the activity of certain antibiotics at MIC/2 and MIC/4, including ampicillin, penicillin, and ciprofloxacin. Phytochemical screening of the botanicals revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and anthocyanins. Conclusion: Overall, HCL and HCB are sources of antibacterial substances that could be valuable in combating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria from the Klebsiella genus that over-express efflux pumps.
An online coparenting-based intervention for Italian non-divorced couples: The creation of the Coparent2Balance curriculum
Authors: Ragni Benedetta , De Stasio Simona , McHale James P.
Published: August 2024

The current study outlines the development of Coparent2Balance, a digital intervention aimedat enhancing coparenting among Italian couples with children aged 12-36 months. The studyaddresses the growing need for accessible coparenting programs, especially in the post-COVIDera, where virtual delivery can overcome barriers to in-person interventions. The researchquestion centers on creating a tailored curriculum based on McHale & Irace’s FocusedCoparenting Consultation (FCC) model, specifically designed for the Italian context. Todevelop this curriculum, a four-phase process was employed. Initially, a comprehensiveliterature review identified key themes from existing coparenting interventions. These themeswere then refined through semi-structured interviews with experts and parents, who providedinsights into essential content. The first draft of the curriculum was subjected to an onlinesurvey, allowing experts and parents to evaluate and suggest further refinements. The study’smajor findings include the consensus among participants on the importance of addressingcoparenting dynamics, communication, conflict resolution, and parent-child relationshipswithin the curriculum. The final Coparent2Balance program comprises five modules that focuson raising awareness about coparenting, building communication and conflict resolution skills,understanding children’s needs, and strengthening the coparental plan. Coparent2Balanceprogram could enhance coparenting practices, promote gender equality in parenting, and bewidely accessible to diverse families through its digital format.
Justification of rotation curves of galaxies without dark matter, based on the new gravitation theory, starting from the ether presence after correcting Michelson’s analysis errors from 1881/87 experiments.
Authors: Has Ioan , Miclaus Simona , Has Aurelian
Published: August 2024

Sections 2-6 constitute actualizations of our previous works necessary to identify the electric dipole force FDC that creates the current velocities of bodies in galaxies, replacing the Newtonian gravitational force FN.The new theory of gravitation (NTG16) is part of a new physics theory (NTP16), which emerged from our discovery of Errors 1 and 2 in Michelson’s analysis of his interferometer experiment from 1881/1887.By correcting Michelson's errors, we were able to reintroduce ether into physics in the form of the model proposed in 2016, HM16. After HM16 was completed, NTG16, which led to the modification of the calculation method of the current gravitational force FN according to Newton’s law between two masses, resulting in a new force of universal attraction, which was created between the electric dipoles of the masses, FDC, based on the completed Coulomb force FCC.According to NTG16, the new dipole force FDC was greater by approximately 60% (preliminary) than the gravitational force FN when applied to two masses located at galactic distances.By applying the new force FDC, some changes will also result in the theoretical rotational velocity vr curves of the galaxies, and the new curves of the theoretical velocities will correspond better with those of the real velocities of the galaxies measured by the astronomers.The ad hoc hypothesis of the existence of dark matter (DM) in the universe, which was introduced by astronomers after 1930 to explain the real velocity curves of galaxies, is therefore called into question.
Criterion validity of a newly developed Apple Watch app (‘MVPA’) compared to the native Apple Watch ‘Activity’ app for measuring criterion moderate intensity physical activity.
Authors: Warner Ashley , Myers Tony David , Vanicek Natalie , Benson Amanda , Abt Grant
Published: August 2024

Introduction Many people fail to meet physical activity guidelines. One possible solution is wearable technology. Yet it is unclear if popular devices such as the Apple Watch can accurately measure intensity, which is a cornerstone of physical activity guidelines. We developed a bespoke Apple Watch app based on the use of relative intensity (%HRR), with the aim to determine if the bespoke app measures 'moderate' intensity more accurately compared to the native Apple Watch Activity app, using % oxygen consumption reserve (%VO2R) as the criterion. Methods Seventy-four participants (18-65 years) attended the laboratory twice. During Visit 1, they completed medical screening, and measurements of resting heart rate, maximal oxygen consumption, and maximal heart rate on a motorised treadmill. During Visit 2, participants completed 5-minute treadmill bouts starting at 3.5 km.h-1, increasing by 0.5 km.h-1 until the bespoke app recorded 3 minutes at ≥40%HRR, and the native app recorded 5 minutes of ‘exercise’. Oxygen consumption and heart rate were recorded. Bayesian posterior distributions were used to compare the two apps. Results At the walking speed that the native app recorded exercise, the mean (95% HDI) %VO2R was 33 (31-36)%, which is below moderate relative intensity (40%HRR). This is compared to a mean (95% HDI) of 43 (40-44)% for our bespoke app. Conclusion The bespoke app measured relative moderate intensity more accurately compared to the native app when compared to the %VO2R criterion. Exercise guidelines and wearable devices should incorporate relative measures of physical activity to better individualise monitoring and prescription.
A Systematic Literature Review on the Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Personalized Medicine: Methodological Advances and Emerging Trends
Authors: Mondal Proloy Kumar , Jahan  , Hasan Mehadi , Rusho Maher Ali , Rahman Mohammad Hasibur
Published: August 2024

Leveraging cutting-edge technologies has been a key priority for life science and engineeringto promote superior patient care in response to an increasingly changing clinical domain.However, one of the most notable hands-down breakthroughs is artificial intelligence (AI)and Machine Learning (ML), celebrated as a driver of an improved approach to personalizedmedicine with designs of treatment specifically based on each unique patient case. Theliterature review study thoroughly studies research from 2017 to 2024 and gives a detailedanalysis of important academic works. Around them We scrutinize the specific studies, whichare selected to most closely resonate with our core theme and in doing so examine theirmethodological underpinnings as well as findings. The scientific community is making ahuge impact in the field of AI and ML for personalized medicine through each one. Thisstudy covers a wide range of goals, approaches, and findings, all focused on the influence ofAI and ML. This highlights the profound impact that AI can have on healthcare by providingvaluable information about groundbreaking methods that have the potential to completelyimprove patient diagnosis, treatment, and care. Furthermore, it recognizes the significantachievements of scholars and innovators who are committed to enhancing healthcare bycombining AI, ML, and engineering sciences.
THE IMPACT OF RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM INHIBITORS ON FIBROSIS PROGRESSION IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Simanjuntak Solideo Gloria , Wahyudi Rachmad Tri , Rizky Daffa
Published: August 2024

A major global health concern is liver fibrosis, which is characterized by the progressive build-up of extracellular matrix (ECM) and compromises the liver's natural structure. This condition is brought on by chronic liver illness or metabolic liver disease. A number of therapy approaches fall short of these therapies' requirements for safety, effectiveness, and/or tolerance. The efficacy of current liver fibrosis medicines in slowing the disease's progression has not been established. The purpose of this systematic review is to further our knowledge of the safety and effectiveness of Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) inhibitors in slowing the development of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disorders. This investigation looks for evidence of how well RAS inhibitors work to stop the fibrosis process in the liver by gathering and examining data from a number of earlier trials. Three databases were searched for relevant material. The outcome of interest measures the METAVIR score or Non-alcoholic Steatosis Assessment Score (NAS) as histological analysis, such as the METAVIR score or Non-alcoholic Steatosis Assessment Score (NAS). The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 was utilized for the quality appraisal process. Seven publications were found during the identifying process and added to the systematic review. Most of these research discovered that the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is connected with several signaling pathways and biological targets that ACEI and ARB can use to minimize liver fibrosis. Nearly majority of the studies' side effects were minimal. To sum up, RAS inhibitors may be able to slow the course of liver fibrosis while maintaining good safety and efficacy.
Integrated Detection and Mitigation of Linux-based Ransomware through Machine Learning Analysis of File Access Patterns and Security Logs
Authors: Geresav Ethan , Nightingale Alexander
Published: August 2024

Cybersecurity challenges continue to escalate as ransomware attacks become more frequent and sophisticated, posing significant risks to both individual and organizational data integrity. The development of an integrated detection and mitigation system presents a novel approach, enhancing the responsiveness and effectiveness of cyber defenses through real-time analysis and automated response mechanisms. This article details the design, implementation, and evaluation of such a system, demonstrating its superiority in detection accuracy and mitigation speed compared to existing solutions. Through rigorous testing under simulated conditions, the system not only meets but often exceeds current industry standards for ransomware threat management. Future enhancements are discussed, emphasizing the potential for further advancements in adaptive cybersecurity measures.
The Marshalsea Underwater: Natural Disasters and Legal Debt Defaults
Authors: Singh Tejendra Pratap
Published: August 2024

National estimates suggest that a large fraction of the United States population is unable to cover modest emergency expenses using liquid savings. At the same time, natural disasters are increasing in frequency, intensity, and duration with ever-expanding destruction potential. Using exposure to natural disasters, I examine if defendants are more likely to default on their legal financial obligations. Constructing a novel dataset of defendants with traffic citations in Oklahoma, I find that natural disaster exposure increases the likelihood that the defendant defaults on their legal debt. The effect appears immediately after the disaster exposure and persists for more than 100 days following the natural disaster. I do not uncover significant heterogeneity in legal debt default likelihood by defendant characteristics, potentially due to a lack of statistical power. These estimates suggest that interventions designed to provide reprieve for legal debt repayment may alleviate defendants getting entangled in the criminal justice system, a phenomenon that is extremely costly economically and socially.
EFFECTS OF BEHAVIOUR CHANGE COMMUNICATION ON KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTION OF MALARIA AMONG WOMEN IN GHANA
Authors: Orkoh Emmanuel , Uchenna Efobi
Published: August 2024

This study evaluates the effects of behaviour change communication strategies on knowledge (symptoms, causes and prevention) of malaria among Ghanaian women aged 15-49 years. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and logistics regression analyses of data from the 2016 edition of the Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) reveals that women who participate in community level education, hear/see media message on malaria or both have significantly higher knowledge of the disease than their counterparts who do not have access to any of these mediums of communication. The effect of these strategies on women’s overall knowledge of malaria is about 2% to 4% and it is higher on their knowledge of the symptoms (3% to 6%) and prevention (2% to 4%) than the causes (2%). The combined effects of both mediums of communication are relatively higher than the effect of either of them as a single medium of communication. Further analysis shows that improved knowledge of the disease is associated with higher prevention measures taken by women for themselves and their children. The results are more significant in rural and poor households than in urban and non-poor households. These findings underscore the need for the Ministry of Health and its partner institutions to adopt an innovative approach which combines the two strategies in intensively educating Ghanaians, and women in particular, on the symptoms and prevention of malaria, giving due cognisance to households’ socioeconomic status and geographical location.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Cannabis Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (S-CRSEQ) in Young Adults Who Use Cannabis
Authors: González-Ponce Bella M , Carmona José , Lozano Óscar M. , Fernández-Calderón Fermín
Published: August 2024

Cannabis refusal self-efficacy, or the ability to refuse cannabis, is key to understanding cannabis use, its consequences, and cannabis use disorders. Currently, the only instrument available to measure this construct is the Cannabis Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (CRSEQ), which exists only in its original English version. This study aimed to provide a Spanish version of the CRSEQ and evaluate its psychometric properties. A community sample of cannabis-using young adults (n = 612; Mage = 21.04, SD = 2.16; 38.4% female) was recruited using a targeted sampling procedure. Participants completed the Spanish CRSEQ at baseline and a three-month follow-up (n = 505), along with measures of cannabis use, cannabis-related consequences, and protective behavioral strategies. The study successfully replicated the three-factor structure of the original instrument, although one item was reallocated to a different factor. The Spanish CRSEQ showed adequate internal consistency, temporal invariance, and predictive validity, establishing it as a valuable tool for assessing cannabis refusal self-efficacy among Spanish-speaking young adults.
On a Cosmological Model with Variable Time Flow
Authors: Gramigna Ralph
Published: August 2024

The Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations and it describes a homogeneous, isotropic and expanding universe. The FLRW metric and the Friedmann equations form the basis of the ΛCDM model. In this article, a metric which is based on the FLRW metric and that includes a space scale factor and a newly introduced time scale factor T(𝑡) is elaborated. The assumption is that the expansion or contraction of the dimensions of space and time in a homogeneous and isotropic universe depend on the energy density. The Christoffel symbols, Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar are derived. By evaluating the results using Einstein’s field equations and the energy momentum tensor, a hypothetical modified cosmological model is obtained. This theoretical model provides for a cosmic inflation, the accelerated expansion of spacetime as well avoids the flatness and fine-tuning problems.
Double-blind peer review is detrimental to scientific integrity
Authors: Mebane Christopher
Published: August 2024

I make six arguments for why double-blind peer review practices increase vulnerability to scientific integrity lapses over more transparent peer review practices: 1) Obscuring data from reviewers is detrimental; 2) Obscuring sponsorship makes bias harder to detect; 3) Author networks can be revealing; 4) Undue trust and responsibility are placed upon editors; 5) Double-blind reviews aren’t really all that blind; and 6) Willful blindness is not the answer to prestige bias. I offer an alternative approach that could provide a more transparent approach for ensuring scientific integrity and equity in publishing.
Stress and emotions predict naturalistic variations in food craving: the role of interindividual difference measures in N=764 participants
Authors: Aulbach Matthias , Bamberg Christoph , Reichenberger Julia , Arend Ann-Kathrin , Blechert Jens
Published: August 2024

The validity of the concept of emotional eating and the related concept of stress eating - understood as the general tendency to eat in response to intense affective experience – is under intense debate. For one, theory and evidence point to interindividual differences in this tendency, typically assessed with self-report questionnaires. Furthermore, overt eating underlies manifold contextual conditions, pointing to the value of studying how emotions relate to food craving, an important precursor to food intake that can be triggered rapidly and involuntarily. Last, temporal ordering of affect on the one hand and craving on the other under natural conditions seems key to its understanding. To study such temporal (concurrent, prospective) relations, we analyzed intensive longitudinal data obtained through ecological momentary assessment during which 764 participants pooled across eight different primary studies answered questions 4-6 times throughout the day. To capture interindividual differences, trait-level eating style questionnaire scores were modeled as moderators for potential emotion/stress - craving relationships. Results obtained at the same timepoint (concurrent associations) showed that feeling bored, irritated, or stressed (primarily negatively toned affect) but also cheerful or enthusiastic (positive) co-occurred with food craving while relaxation co-occurred with less craving. These relationships were moderated by a range of eating style questionnaires. Feeling bored, stressed, or less relaxed were also associated with later craving which, in turn, related to feeling calmer, more relaxed, and less stressed at the next time point. Eating style questionnaires moderated only few of these prospective craving-emotion relationships. Results generally support the validity of the interindividual difference model of emotional eating and the stress eating concepts in regard to food craving in naturalistic environments. Yet, concurrent affect-craving relationships seem more robust and congruent with respective trait questionnaires than prospective relationships. We suggest novel terminology to reflect these findings. Further, questions regarding temporal ordering and causation remain open.
Modeling, Simulation, and Control of a Modular Refinery
Authors: Ogunleye Tobiloba
Published: August 2024

Modular refineries are refineries whose hardware are built in fragments with the intent of easy transportation, installation, and decommission. A modular refinery can produce a range of specific petroleum products, commonly naphtha, diesel, kerosene, and residue, at a time thereby meeting the immediate fuel needs of Nigeria. The establishment of modular refineries at strategic locations would reduce the importation of refined petroleum products, curb pipeline vandalism, impact the nation's GDP, and provide employment opportunities for both skilled and unskilled workforce. The daily consumption of diesel in Nigeria according to NMDPRA in 2021 was about 13 million litres per day, hence it is necessary to control the liquid level in the diesel chimney tray of the crude distillation column.
This work develops an input-output transfer function model used for designing the diesel chimney tray liquid level in the crude distillation column. Four tuning methods were used: Ziegler Nicholas; Cohen-Coon; Integral Time Weighted Absolute Error (ITAE); and Internal Model Control (IMC) tuning methods. The ITAE tuning method with controller parameters KC, τi , and τD of 2.48154, 2.14899, and 0.31699 respectively gave the best dynamic response with 4% overshoot, 2.5s rise time, 7s settling time, and minimal oscillation.
Tuning the programmable logic controller in the distributed control system of Walter-Smith modular refinery using the ITAE process parameters gotten above would minimize weeping and flooding in the column thereby ensuring maximum draw of product and maintaining temperature and pressure distribution across the tray, thus ensuring premium product quality.
Predicting Mechanical Properties of Glass-Epoxy Composites Using Supervised Learning
Authors: Baishya Ronit , Case Scott
Published: August 2024

The traditional testing methods for evaluating mechanical properties of composite laminates such as Interlaminar Shear Strength (ILSS) and In-Plane Shear Strength are known to be resource-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive. This often leads to setbacks and failures in the development process. In this study, the development of a predictive model was proposed to estimate these key mechanical properties based on specific test measurements and dimensions. The glass-epoxy family of composites was focused on as it is widely used in various industries. To explore the feasibility of this approach, supervised machine learning techniques were employed, which offer an efficient means to create predictive models based on test features. The selected tests for consideration include the Short Beam Strength Test (SBS Test) and Iosipescu or V–notch test for ILSS and in–plane shear strength respectively.
The performance of different machine learning algorithms such as decision tree, multiple linear regres- sion, ridge regression, and artificial neural networks was evaluated to identify the most suitable model for the dataset. Given the limited availability of data, the study emphasizes the importance of achieving good performance even with small datasets. The findings from this research hold promise for streamlin- ing the testing process and improving the efficiency of composite material development.
Cognitive vulnerabilities and depressed mood in acquired brain injury
Authors: Murphy Fionnuala Catherine , Peers Polly V. , Manly Tom , Das Tilak
Published: August 2024

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI), an important cause of long-term disability, is associated with a significantly increased incidence of depression in addition to common cognitive and physical consequences. Past research has reliably linked post-ABI depression to injury severity (e.g. extent of physical or cognitive impairment) and premorbid mood problems. In the general (non-ABI) population, however, cognitive vulnerabilities associated with depression have informed the development of psychological interventions. In this observational study, we examine two potential cognitive vulnerabilities in a heterogenous group of individuals in the chronic stage of ABI – dysfunctional attitudes (DAs) and specificity of autobiographical memory – and explore whether these are linked to depression symptoms and ongoing cognitive difficulties as in the general population. Compared to age- and sex-matched controls, participants with an ABI demonstrated increased endorsement of DAs and reduced specificity of autobiographical memory recall. Further, cognitive vulnerability–depression symptom correlations were detected for an explicit DA measure, but not for a more implicit DA measure or for autobiographical memory specificity. While significant individual differences in injury severity and other factors likely obscured subtle relationships between mood and cognitive vulnerability, finding evidence of these vulnerabilities could nonetheless usefully inform psychological interventions intended to enhance resilience to low mood post-ABI.
Brain Mechanisms Underlying the Inhibitory Control of Thought
Authors: Anderson Michael , Crespo-Garcia Maite , Subbulakshmi S.
Published: August 2024

Controlling action and thought requires the capacity to stop mental processes. Over the last two decades, evidence has grown that a domain-general inhibitory control mechanism supported by the right lateral prefrontal cortex achieves these functions. However, current views of the neural mechanisms of inhibitory control derive largely from research into the stopping of action. Whereas action stopping is a convenient empirical model, it does not invoke thought inhibition and cannot identify its unique features. Here we review research using a different model of inhibitory control that addresses how organisms stop a key process driving thoughts: memory retrieval. Retrieval stopping shares right anterior dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal mechanisms with action stopping, consistent with a domain general inhibitory control mechanism; however, retrieval stopping also recruits a distinct fronto-temporal pathway that determines mental control’s success. For example, GABAergic inhibitory networks within the hippocampus, driven polysynaptically by prefrontal input uniquely contribute to thought suppression. These unique elements of mental control raise the hypothesis that hippocampal disinhibition is a trans-diagnostic factor underlying intrusive thinking, linking the proposed fronto-temporal inhibitory control pathway to preclinical models of psychiatric disorders and to fear extinction. We suggest that transdiagnostic retrieval-stopping deficits underpin broad vulnerability to psychiatric disorders and are reflected in robust aberrations in large-scale brain network dynamics.
Indigenous Healing Movements in Asia: Opportunities and Challenges for Decolonial and Liberation Psychologies
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Tuason Tes , Nikalje Ankita
Published: August 2024

In response to enduring historical colonialism and contemporary neocolonial influences, Indigenous Psychology movements in Asia have emerged as a counterforce to Western-centric hegemonic psychology. These movements strive for holistic healing that is deeply rooted in diverse local practices and wisdom. This introductory article positions Indigenous Psychology movements within the broader discourse on decolonial and liberation psychologies, highlighting their significance in the Chinese, Filipino, and Indian cultural contexts. We briefly describe the history of these movements and explore various Indigenous healing approaches, from “indigenizing from without” to “indigenizing from within,” a conceptual framework developed by Filipino psychologist Virgilio Enriquez in 1994. While recognizing the decolonial and liberatory potential of these movements, we also confront their challenges and limitations, such as the limited scope of representation of indigeneity and insufficient focus on historical trauma and colonial mentality. We advocate for a developmental approach to understand the evolution of Indigenous Psychology movements, culminating in a stage of “reclamation.” The article concludes by delineating practical implications for incorporating these Indigenous perspectives into broader psychological practices.
An analysis of physical activity coping plans: Mapping barriers and coping strategies based on user ratings.
Authors: Braun Maya , Crombez Geert , De Backere Femke , Tack Emma , De Paepe Annick
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Personalizing recommendations for physical activity coping plans can help bridging the physical activity intention-behaviour gap. Data-driven ‘black-box’ approaches result in recommendations that prove difficult to explain, and may have undesired consequences. This study aimed to explicitly link barriers and coping strategies using end-user input. Method: 152 participants (85 female) took part in an online task. Participants were asked to judge the relevance of coping strategies for barriers to physical activity, and under which circumstances coping strategies were relevant for a given barrier. Data was aggregated and heat maps were produced. Necessary conditions for the relevance of each combination were coded and their frequencies were reported. Results: Relevance of 1570 combinations of barriers and coping strategies were assessed, with 2 combinations rated “always relevant” by all participants, and 37 combinations rated as “always relevant” by no participants. Barriers differ strongly in how many coping strategies are relevant for them, and coping strategies differ strongly in how many barriers they are relevant for. Resulting aggregates concerning the average rating as “never relevant”, “always relevant” and “relevant under certain conditions” are shared for each barrier coping strategy combination, as are the conditions associated with different barriers and coping strategies. Discussion: This study introduces a novel method to create rules for recommendations using input from stakeholders. The datasets created throughout this research are available for re-use in future research, as well as for clinical practice and (digital) intervention development. This data can be used as a base for explainable personalized recommendations for physical activity coping plans.
The Scientific Creative Thinking Test (SCTT): Reliability, Validity, and Automated Scoring
Authors: Beaty Roger , Cortes Robert A. , Luchini Simone , Patterson John D. , Forthmann Boris , Baker Brendan S. , Barbot Baptiste , Hardiman Mariale , Green Adam
Published: August 2024

Creative thinking is a primary driver of innovation in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), allowing students and practitioners to generate novel hypotheses, flexibly connect information from diverse sources, and solve ill-defined problems. To foster creativity in STEM education, there is a crucial need for assessment tools for measuring STEM creativity that educators and researchers can apply to test how different teaching approaches impact scientific creativity in undergraduate education. In this work, we introduce the Scientific Creative Thinking Test (SCTT). The SCTT includes three subtests that assess cognitive skills important for STEM creativity: generating hypotheses, research questions, and experimental designs. In five studies with young adults, we demonstrate the reliability and validity of the SCTT—including test-retest reliability and convergent validity with measures of creativity and academic achievement—as well as measurement invariance across race/ethnicity and gender. In addition, we present a method for automatically scoring SCTT responses, training the large language model Llama 2 to produce originality scores that closely align with human ratings—demonstrating STEM-specific, automated creativity assessment for the first time. The full SCTT, along with the code to automatically score it, are available on a repository in the Open Science Framework.
Preregistration Guidelines for Longitudinal Network Analyses
Authors: Freichel René , Isvoranu Adela-Maria , Gates Kathleen , Ebrahimi Omid V. , Ruppin Shachar , Blanken Tessa , Veer Ilya , McNally Richard J. , Wiers Reinout , Epskamp Sacha
Published: August 2024

Over the past decade, longitudinal network analyses have gained significant traction in psychological science. These approaches, applied to intensive time-series or panel data, require a high level of flexibility and involve numerous modeling decisions, which can introduce considerable degrees of freedom into the process. Despite their growing use for confirmatory research, there remains a notable lack of preregistration guidelines. The present paper introduces a comprehensive checklist with guidelines for preregistering of longitudinal network analyses. The checklist is designed to be a resource for both authors and reviewers, ensuring that all critical aspects of the preregistration process are adequately addressed. We specifically focus on four widely used models: Panel Graphical Vector Autoregression (VAR) models, cross-lagged panel network analysis (CLPN), multilevel VAR (mlVAR), and Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation (GIMME). We offer detailed guidance on preregistering studies using these approaches to mitigate biases and enhance transparency. Finally, we describe the importance of preregistration and the need to adapt and refine these guidelines as the field continues to evolve.