bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Clinical Development of Palbociclib: An Overview
Authors: Konar Debabrata , Maru Saurabh , Kar Subhabrata , Kumar Kapil
Published: December 2020

Breast cancer is the second most commonly identified cancer in women in the United
States after skin cancer. The past few years have seen a substantial increase in breast cancer awareness
campaigns and active research in fields of diagnosis and targeted therapy. These factors have led
to a better mechanistic understanding of the disease, detection at earlier stages, and a more personalized
approach to treatment, ultimately causing a crucial increase in the survival rates after detection.
However, with the advances in treatment, cases of patients developing primary resistance and acquired
resistance are increasing. Most of the breast cancers which develop resistance to therapy are
ER+ and are typically treated with tamoxifen and fulvestrant. These drugs either lower the levels of
estrogen or inhibit the receptors for estrogen and prevent the tumor from spreading. Around one-third
of women treated with these drugs develop resistance to them, lowering their chances of survival.
This has directed the search for newer drug therapies to target advanced breast cancer and resistance.
One of these efforts has resulted in the development of Palbociclib, a first in class inhibitor of cyclin
dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6), which was granted accelerated approval from the
FDA for combination therapy in postmenopausal women with ER+, HER2- metastatic breast cancer.
This review is focused on the various aspects of “Palbociclib” including its synthesis, molecular
modeling studies, and efficacy and safety profile with data obtained from various clinical trials.
Techniques of Mucilage and Gum Modification and their Effect on Hydrophilicity and Drug Release
Authors: Malviya Rishabha , Tyagi Vandana , Singh Dharmendra
Published: December 2020

Aim:

The manuscript aims to describe the techniques of modification of gums and mucilages
and their effect on hydrophilicity and drug release.

Discussion:

The interest is increased in the fields of polymers which are obtained from natural origin
and used in the preparation of pharmaceuticals. Mucilage and gum are natural materials widely used in
the preparation of novel dosage and conventional dosage forms. They are used in the pharmaceutical
industry for various purposes like suspending, emulsifying, bio-adhesive, binding, matrix-forming, extended
release and controlled release agent. Gum and mucilage are biodegradable, less toxic, cheap
and easily available. Moreover, mucilage and gum can be changed to acquire tailored materials for the
delivery of drugs and allow them to compete with commercially available synthetic products. These
polysaccharides have unique swellability in an aqueous medium that can exert a retardant effect on
drug release or act as a super disintegrant, depending on the concentration utilized in the preparation.
Drug release mechanism from hydrophilic matrices consisting of gums and mucilages is based on solvent
penetration-induced polymer relaxation, diffusion of entrapped drug followed by degradation or
erosion of the matrix.

Conclusion:

The present manuscript highlights the advantages, modifications of gum and mucilage,
their effects on hydrophilicity and drug release as well as aspects of the natural gums which can be assumed
to be bifunctional excipient because of their concentration-dependent effect on drug release and
their high degree of swellability.
Covid-19: An Update on Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Alhkbany Manan Abdulrahman
Published: December 2020

:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) has emerged as a new public health crisis,
with the WHO officially declaring it as a pandemic on 30 January 2020. In December 2019, the
virus was reported to be transmitted to humans through an unknown intermediary animal in
Wuhan, Hubei province, China. As of 18 May 2020, there were 4,730,968 reported cases of
Covid-19, with 315,488 deaths. Direct contact among individuals is the most common transmission
method, primarily through droplets released during coughing or sneezing. The incubation period of
the virus oscillates between 2 to 14 days. The commonly reported symptoms include fatigue, sore
throat, cough, and fever. Most of the people are asymptomatic or show mild symptoms. The elderly
and people with comorbidities show severe symptoms. The disease is diagnosed by using the real-
time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing method. A blood test is
also used to detect the antibodies to the virus, which are usually released after infection. The typical
laboratory findings indicate elevated C-reactive proteins (CRP) with normal or low white blood
cell counts; the chest CT scan demonstrates ground-glass opacities (GGO) and bilateral pneumonia
in most patients. Supportive treatment is available, and research on the right treatment using existing
drugs is ongoing. Several pharmaceutical companies and research institutions are focusing on
the development of a vaccine. The review summarizes and provides an update on the pathogenesis,
diagnosis, and treatment strategies in the management of Covid-19.
Growth of Beauveria bassiana Combined with MIPC Insecticide and Its Efficacy to Control the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Afandhi Aminudin , Atma Kunjana Yayan , Abdul Choliq Fery , Setyo Leksono Amin
Published: December 2020

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of MIPC to control the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, one of the most damaging pests of rice in the field and determine the effect of various of its doses on the growth of the fungus B. bassiana. The research was carried out in a rice field and in the Biological Agents Development Laboratory, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Indonesia. The field efficacy test of the MIPC insecticide was conducted by applying 0.5-, 1.0-, 1.5-, and 2.0-kg/ha doses. The insecticidal compatibility test of MIPC with B. bassiana was conducted in 0.5-, 1.0-, 1.5-, and 2.0-g/L doses of MIPC. Application of MIPC insecticide at 0.5-, 1.0-, 1.5-, and 2.0-kg/ha doses had no significant difference in reducing N. lugens population in the vegetative phase (28 to 70 days after planting). The MIPC doses of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L were highly toxic or incompatible with the growth of B. bassiana. Meanwhile, a sublethal concentration of MIPC insecticide of 0.5 g/L was non-toxic to B. bassiana. Therefore, this study recommends the use of 0.5 g/L MIPC combined with B. bassiana fungi.
IMPLEMENTATION OF (XP, YP) REPRESENTATION TO AWGNI STRUCTURAL TYPE SENTENCES
Authors: Agajie Berhanu Asaye
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was designed to implement {XP, YP} representations in an attempt to examine Awgni structural type sentences. A descriptive study design and purposive sampling technique were used to look at the proposed research objective. Tools used throughout collecting data were interview and focused group discussion. The research finding showed that simple sentence structures of Awgni have no more than one Verbal head. Alternatively, simple, complex, compound, and compound complex sentence may perhaps contain two and more verbal heads in their hierarchical structures. Sentences regarding their perceptible emergence, structure, syntactic representations they comprise were distinct. Accordingly, all sentential structures encompass phrasal categories that contain: Determiner Phrase (DP), Prepositional phrase (PP), Noun Phrase (NP), Adverb Phrase (ADVP), Verb Phrase (VP) and Adjective Phrase (AP). Further research is recommending on how Labeling Algorithm {XP, H} and {X, Y} applies to test out Syntactic Object representations found within simple, compound, complex and compound complex sentences of Awgni.Keywords: Awgni, Labeling Algorithm, sentence, structure, syntaxPENERAPAN REPRESENTASI (XP, YP) KEPADA KALIMAT JENIS STRUKTUR AWGNIAbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengimplementasikan representasi {XP, YP} untuk menguji kalimat tipe struktural Awgni. Desain penelitian deskriptif dan teknik purposive sampling digunakan untuk melihat tujuan penelitian yang diajukan. Alat yang digunakan selama pengumpulan data adalah wawancara dan diskusi kelompok terfokus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur kalimat sederhana Awgni tidak lebih dari satu kepala Verbal. Atau, kalimat sederhana, kompleks, majemuk, dan majemuk mungkin berisi dua atau lebih kepala verbal dalam struktur hierarkisnya. Kalimat-kalimat mengenai kemunculan, struktur, representasi sintaksis mereka yang terlihat tidak sesuai. Dengan demikian, semua struktur sentensial mencakup kategori frasa yang berisi: Determiner Phrase (DP), Prepositional Frase (PP), Noun Phrase (NP), Adverb Phrase (ADVP), Verb Phrase (VP) dan Adjective Phrase (AP). Penelitian lebih lanjut merekomendasikan tentang bagaimana Labeling Algorithm {XP, H} dan {X, Y} berlaku untuk menguji representasi Objek Sintaksis yang ditemukan dalam kalimat sederhana, majemuk, kompleks dan kompleks majemuk dari Awgni.Kata kunci: Awgni, label algoritma, objek sintakis, kalimat
Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Sina Weibo Users in Residential Lockdown During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Wang Yilin , Wu Peijing , Liu Xiaoqian , Li Sijia , Zhu Tingshao , Zhao Nan
Published: December 2020

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, residential lockdowns were implemented in numerous cities in China to contain the rapid spread of the disease. Although these stringent regulations effectively slowed the spread of COVID-19, they may have posed challenges to the well-being of residents.

Objective

This study aims to explore the effects of residential lockdown on the subjective well-being (SWB) of individuals in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

The sample consisted of 1790 Sina Weibo users who were residents of cities that imposed residential lockdowns, of which 1310 users (73.18%) were female, and 3580 users who were residents of cities that were not locked down (gender-matched with the 1790 lockdown residents). In both the lockdown and nonlockdown groups, we calculated SWB indicators during the 2 weeks before and after the enforcement date of the residential lockdown using individuals’ original posts on Sina Weibo. SWB was calculated via online ecological recognition, which is based on established machine learning predictive models.

Results

The interactions of time (before the residential lockdown or after the residential lockdown) × area (lockdown or nonlockdown) in the integral analysis (N=5370) showed that after the residential lockdown, compared with the nonlockdown group, the lockdown group scored lower in some negative SWB indicators, including somatization (F1,5368=13.593, P<.001) and paranoid ideation (F1,5368=14.333, P<.001). The interactions of time (before the residential lockdown or after the residential lockdown) × area (developed or underdeveloped) in the comparison of residential lockdown areas with different levels of economic development (N=1790) indicated that the SWB of residents in underdeveloped areas showed no significant change after the residential lockdown (P>.05), while that of residents in developed areas changed.

Conclusions

These findings increase our understanding of the psychological impact and cost of residential lockdown during an epidemic. The more negative changes in the SWB of residents in developed areas imply a greater need for psychological intervention under residential lockdown in such areas.
An Affordable, User-friendly Telerehabilitation System Assembled Using Existing Technologies for Individuals Isolated With COVID-19: Development and Feasibility Study
Authors: Mukaino Masahiko , Tatemoto Tsuyoshi , Kumazawa Nobuhiro , Tanabe Shigeo , Katoh Masaki , Saitoh Eiichi , Otaka Yohei
Published: December 2020

Background

Isolation due to a COVID-19 infection can limit activities and cause physical and mental decline, especially in older adults and people with disabilities. However, due to limited contact, adequate rehabilitation is difficult to provide for quarantined patients. Telerehabilitation technology could be a solution; however, issues specific to COVID-19 should be taken into consideration, such as strict quarantine and respiratory symptoms, as well as accessibility to deal with rapid increases in need due to the pandemic.

Objective

This study aims to develop and to investigate the feasibility of a telerehabilitation system for patients who are quarantined due to COVID-19 by combining existing commercial devices and computer applications.

Methods

A multidisciplinary team has identified the requirements for a telerehabilitation system for COVID-19 and developed the system to satisfy those requirements. In the subsequent feasibility study, patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (N=10; mean age 60 years, SD 18 years) were included. A single session of telerehabilitation consisted of stretching exercises, a 15-minute exercise program, and a video exercise program conducted under real-time guidance by a physical therapist through a video call. The system included a tablet computer, a pulse oximeter, videoconferencing software, and remote control software. The feasibility of the system was evaluated using the Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ; 14 items) and an additional questionnaire on the telerehabilitation system (5 items). Each item was rated from “1 = strongly disagree” to “5 = strongly agree.”

Results

The telerehabilitation system was developed by combining existing devices and applications, including a pulse oximeter and remote control mechanism, to achieve user-friendliness, affordability, and safety, which were determined as the system requirements. In the feasibility study, 9 out of 10 patients were able to use the telerehabilitation system without any on-site help. On the TSQ, the mean score for each item was 4.7 (SD 0.7), and in the additional items regarding telerehabilitation, the mean score for each item was 4.3 (SD 1.0).

Conclusions

These findings support the feasibility of this simple telerehabilitation system in quarantined patients with COVID-19, encouraging further investigation on the merit of the system’s use in clinical practice.
Altered functional connectivity of the salience network in excessive smartphone users (Preprint)
Authors: Ahn Jaeun , Lee Deokjong , Namkoong Kee , Jung Young-Chul
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Smartphones play an integral role in daily life, providing convenience and increasing efficiency. However, these devices also cause adverse effects on an individual’s cognition, emotion, and behavior when used excessively.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying neurobiological alterations that arise due to excessive smartphone use and impact cognition, emotion, and behavior.

METHODS

We performed a resting state seed-based functional connectivity analysis of 44 individuals who overuse smartphones and 54 healthy controls. This analysis assessed the default mode, salience, central executive, and affective networks. The correlations between functional connectivity strengths and clinical characteristics were investigated in excessive smartphone users.

RESULTS

Compared to control users, excessive smartphone users showed enhanced functional connectivity within the salience network and between the salience and default mode networks. Furthermore, excessive smartphone users exhibited a negative associated with connectivity between the anterior insula and precuneus and disturbance of adaptive function. On the contrary, we observed decreased functional connectivity between the anterior insula and prefrontal cortex. Moreover, enhanced functional connectivity between the amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were observed in excessive smartphone users and correlated with smartphone usage time for entertainment.

CONCLUSIONS

Integration of results implies that excessive smartphone use is associated with aberrant functional connectivity in four key brain networks. Our results suggest that changes in functional connectivity of key networks affect cognition, emotion, and behavior of excessive smartphone users.
El “dataísmo” como fundamento de la publicidad digital personalizada
Authors: Pérez Pérez Rita María
Published: December 2020

Esta investigación analiza el uso que hace la publicidad digital de los datos de los usuarios de internet para segmentar las audiencias y crear perfiles acordes con sus gustos y preferencias, para enviarles publicidad personalizada. El estudio utiliza la observación participante, el análisis y la síntesis; y recopila información de diversas fuentes bibliográficas relacionadas con el tema objeto de estudio, para construir el corpus teórico y metodológico que permite articular, comprender e interpretar la información con el mayor grado de precisión posible. Concluye que a los clientes a quienes se les envía publicidad personalizada son potencialmente candidatos para realizar compras a través de internet porque sus gustos, preferencias y deseos coinciden con la publicidad que se les envía.
Editorial
Authors: Ulloa Hung Jorge
Published: December 2020

No precisa de un resumen.
Autoconcepto en estudiantes que han realizado o no el proceso de cambio de carrera en el Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC)
Authors: Esquea Pagés Laura Rebeca , Antigua Ruiz Patricia María
Published: December 2020

El artículo es resultado de una investigación que propone establecer diferencias sobre las dimensiones del autoconcepto en estudiantes que hayan realizado o no el proceso de cambio de carrera en el Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC) según su sexo. El cuestionario de Autoconcepto Forma 5 (AF-5) fue aplicado a 100 estudiantes de ambos sexos, 50 de ellos habían realizado el proceso de cambio de carrera y el 50 restante no lo había realizado. Los estudiantes se eligieron a través de un muestreo no probabilístico, voluntarios encontrados en la plazoleta del INTEC. Se trata de una investigación de alcance descriptivo y correlacional, con enfoque cuantitativo y de tipo retrospectivo. Para analizar los datos estadísticamente se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS para Windows y Microsoft Excel versión Office 2013. Los datos obtenidos mostraron que el autoconcepto académico/laboral de los estudiantes que realizaron cambio de carrera se encuentra muy estable. Asimismo, se encuentra una alta estabilidad de la dimensión física del autoconcepto en estudiantes del sexo femenino que no realizaron cambio de carrera y en estudiantes del sexo masculino que sí realizaron el proceso de cambio de carrera. Por último, se evidenció que la dimensión académico/laboral no se ve afectada por el índice académico del estudiante.
Evaluación del ayuntamiento municipal mediante una encuesta de opinión en República Dominicana. El caso del municipio de Baitoa en la provincia de Santiago
Authors: Pérez Leonardo , Rojo Gutiérrez Marco Antonio
Published: December 2020

Evaluar los municipios mediante encuestas de opinión es un acto cívico de toda democracia. La encuesta como instrumento permite recolectar información que da cuenta sobre la percepción de los munícipes con relación al desempeño de sus autoridades. Este artículo se fundamenta en una encuesta de opinión aplicada al Ayuntamiento Municipal Baitoa en República Dominicana, busca aportar un diagnóstico que mejore su gestión tomando como base la valoración de sus munícipes. La encuesta está integrada por siete ítems, se aplica de forma presencial a una muestra aleatoria de 260 ciudadanos habitantes del municipio, según el método Bonilla (1993). La investigación beneficia a las autoridades electas para el periodo 2016-2020. El estudio encuentra que el 69 % de los encuestados percibió de manera buena o excelente la gestión municipal actual, donde de cada diez (10) ciudadanos, seis (6) entienden que la mayor fortaleza de la administración fue brindar servicios básicos (recogida de basura, entre otros). Destaca que la población entiende que la administración informa bien y maneja bien sus recursos en un 41 % de la muestra y que un 34 % valora de forma especial la reparación de las vías de comunicación. Un 51 % de los encuestados tiene expectativas de que la gestión podría tener una mejora continua en su gestión. Un 39 % desearía que la administración municipal realizara en términos generales más obras municipales, de manera particular, un 44 % de los encuestados desearía que se privilegiara la reparación de vías de comunicación.
Kazan art school and its heritage in the collection of the State museum of fine arts of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors:   Kazan State Institute of Culture, Lobasheva Irina F. ,   N.I. Feshin Kazan Art School
Published: December 2020

Kazan Art School is a famous Russian educational institution that became an art educational center in the Volga-Kama Region and the Trans-Urals. In 2020, the school represented by N.I. Feshin Kazan Art College celebrates its 125th anniversary. It was opened under the direct tutelage of the Imperial Academy of Arts (1895) on the initiative of the Academy graduates, natives of the Kazan Region N.N. Belkovich, G.A. Medvedev, H.N. Skornyakov, I.A. Denisov, and Yu.I. Thyssen with the assistance of the city authorities. The historical walls of the school are marked by the teaching and pedagogical contribution of such legendary personalities as N.I. Feshin, P.P. Benkov and B.I. Urmanche, A.M. Rodchenko, P.A. Radimov, P.M. Dulsky, D.D. Burliuk, V.K. Timofeyev and other famous masters of the Russian art. The collection of the State Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Tatarstan contains the main artistic heritage of the school of the pre-revolutionary period and the first years of Soviet history (1895–1920s), which is considered in the given article. Conventionally, this legacy consists of three main parts. The main part includes works by the founders, teachers and students of the Kazan Art School. It is a fairly extensive collection of several hundred paintings and graphic works, as well as a small number of sculptural exhibits. The collection gives an opportunity to get acquainted with typical examples of the creative manner of the main representatives of the school. All of them are characterized by a special individuality of the visual language, but a diverse visual range is united by a common culture of vision. The collection is also particularly valuable due to the fact that it presents rare famous examples of the work of such artists as Yu.I. Thyssen, L.F. Ovsyannikov, F.P. Gavrilov, N.I. Mikhailov and others. An art museum operated at the Kazan school, which was created with the active involvement of the Academy of Arts.The museum operates at the school in a transformed form up to the present day. The collection of the Fine Arts Museum of the republic contains the bulk of the works of this collection, which gives an idea of the scale of the Academy of Arts activities to support the school with donated works. There are about 80 of them in total. The names of many are well known in the history of Russian art: I.E. Repin, I.I. Shishkin, A.P. Bogolyubov, K.E. Makovsky, V.V. Mate, A.F. Gausch, F.S. Zhuravlev, A.A. Kiselev, R.F. Franz and others. The museum collection also contains works by the most famous student of the Kazan Art School – Nikolai Ivanovich Feshin (1881–1955), who later was an equally famous school teacher (since 1909). The largest collection of Feshin's works in Russia, including painting, graphics, sculpture, decorative and applied art of the master (over 180 works) is kept in Kazan.
Clinical and Diagnostic (CT scan) Case Profile of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Patients in a Teritiary Care Center, Visakhapatnam - A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Rao V. Dharma , Kuna Kodandarao , Patro Mohan , S. Deepak M.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: India experiences increase in incidence of Road Traffic Accidents (RTA). During 1970 to 2011, there is 7.3 times increase in road accident injuries. Head injury is the commonest due to RTA injury which accounts for 60% of cases in Visakhapatnam which is situated along the 9National Highway. Aim: The aim is to study the clinical and CT scan diagnostic case profile of Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Visakhapatnam region. Material & Methods: It is a retrospective observational study of cases of TBI reported at the trauma care center at the tetitiary care King George Hospital (KGH), Visakhapatnam, for the period 2011 – 2018. Proper permission and clearance for the present study is duly obtained. Results & Discussion: Head injury is the commonest among traumatic injuries. CT scan is performed as the gold standard diagnostic test for head injury cases. Contusions followed by Sub arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and Sub dural hemorrhage (SDH) are the most common CT findings. About 25% needed ventilator support. Most common cause of death is CNS injuries (42%) followed by blood loss in 39% of cases. Conclusions: Regulated traffic control, wearing helmet and seat belt, limiting speed and avoiding L & U bends at road corners can prevent and minimise the incidence of fatal injuries.
Theoretical and methodological aspects of the development of the future Music teachers’ artistic taste in the process of teaching pop singing
Authors: Mamykina Olena
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the scientific development of the problem related to the development of an artistic taste of the future teachers specialised in Musical Art. The purpose of the article is to theoretically and methodologically substantiate the development process of an artistic taste of the future teachers specialised in Musical Art in the process of teaching pop singing. The purpose is realised through the implementation of relevant tasks using the methods of theoretical research: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, generalisation and extrapolation. The article considers the category "artistic taste" as a person's ability developed by social practice to evaluate aesthetic phenomena, to distinguish beautiful things from ugly ones. The artistic taste of the future teachers of Musical Art is defined as an individual, socially conditioned system of evaluation of phenomena reflected in works of art, aimed at widening the worldview of an individual. The component structure of the artistic taste of the future teachers specialised in Musical Art consists of four components: personal-motivational, sensory-perceptual, intellectual-interpretive and reflexive-projective. Professional training of the future Music teachers is considered as a platform for the formation of their artistic taste. We find the specifics of training future professionals in pop singing particularly important in the context of the study. The pop variety of vocal music is recognised as the one that provides for effective pedagogical influence; in particular, it is aimed at forming the artistic taste of the younger generation, based on the needs, interests and perception level of most students. A set of scientific approaches is considered as a methodological basis for the formation of the future Music teachers’ artistic taste in the process of teaching them pop singing: axiological, student-centred and holistic approaches. The study also presents pedagogical principles, the implementation of which ensures the formation of the future Music teachers’ artistic taste in the process of teaching them pop singing.
Emotional intelligence of the children born in the families of migrant workers: the environment-based approach
Authors: Danylchuk Larysa
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of the study devoted to the issues of emotional intelligence of the children born in the families of migrant workers. The theoretical analysis has been carried out on the basis of domestic and foreign source and scientific bases within the outlined problem. It is noted that the problems related to the families of migrant workers and their children need to be solved at the international, national, regulatory, scientific and methodological levels. The theoretical foundation of understanding the emotional intelligence under focus has been substantiated taking into account the generalising considerations of scientists who have studied the conceptual and semantic content of the concept. It is noted that emotional intelligence is a necessary component of successful socialisation of any personality. The meaning of the term «children born in the families of migrant workers» has been considered, which made it possible to approve that there is no legal status for “the children born in the families of migrant workers” in Ukraine. It is revealed that the concept “the child of migrant workers / the child who was born in the family of migrant workers” is often identified with the concept “social orphanhood”. It is noted that such identification is incorrect; a child can be considered a social orphan only if his / her parents are deliberately removed from parental responsibilities. From the standpoint of the environment-based approach, the living environments of the children who were born in migrant families are segmented, which are basic for the formation of children’s emotional intelligence: family environment; social surrounding environment; general secondary education institution environment; peer environment; the Internet and social networks environment.
Methods of formation of modern English-language linguistic and cultural competence of secondary school students
Authors: Krotik Kateryna
Published: December 2020

The urgency of the topic is to modernise the formation of the modern English-language linguistic and cultural competence of secondary school pupils in terms of abilities and readiness of the individual for intercultural communication. The purpose of the article is to consider and describe the model presenting the methods aimed at the developing the modern topical English linguistic and cultural competence of secondary school pupils taking into account the basic requirements of the New Ukrainian School (NUS) concept and in accordance with the European recommendations on language education. Based on the theoretical and methodological analysis of the literature on the research problem, modern methodological approaches to the formation of the English-language linguistic and cultural competence of secondary school pupils are generalised. A model presenting the formation of the modern topical English-language linguistic and cultural competence of secondary school pupils has been developed, taking into account the basic requirements of the NUS concept and in accordance with the All-European recommendations on language education. This model takes into account the leading basic components as follows: modern pedagogical, psychological and methodological principles facilitating the organisation of the educational process based on the postulates of partnership pedagogy; child-centeredness; positive, age-related and cognitive psychology; subcompetence-, activity- and competence-based approaches. The presented method aimed at forming the modern English-language linguistic and cultural competence of secondary school pupils is an attempt to timely resolve the contradiction between the rapid technical and technological development of personality in ontogenesis and the gradual decline of his / her linguistic and cultural, in particular English-speaking, competence. Modern and relevant topics are offered to acquaint the profession-related audience with the subjects of English language teaching. A sample "Workbook" is presented.
Ecological education under conditions of distance learning during the quarantine in secondary schools of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Turok Oksana
Published: December 2020

Global changes in ecosystems caused by human activities require modern education to develop the ecological competence of the younger generation. Under conditions of distance learning, it is rather difficult to purposefully develop the ecological educational component. The aim of the article is to consider the content and methods of environmental education and upbringing within the distance learning of high school students in the Slovak Republic during the Covid-19 pandemic. To reach the aim, the following theoretical methods have been used: systematisation, analysis, substantiation of the conceptual apparatus, formulation of conceptual regulations conclusions of the study, the method of analysis of pedagogical documentation and current regulations, content analysis of curricula and methodological support of the educational process to assess the level of environmental education during distance learning in a pandemic. The peculiarities of the use of Internet resources and innovative technologies during ecological education and upbringing in the Slovak Republic have been described. Attention has been paid to the need for environmental education during quarantine. The ways and mechanisms of introduction of ecological education in secondary schools of Slovakia under conditions of the quarantine have been investigated. Some methods for assessing the environmental component of study during distance learning in schools have been established. The normative acts and pedagogical documentation of several secondary schools of the Slovak Republic during the distance learning in the quarantine caused by COVID-19 have been analysed and the methods, forms and means for distance environmental education of schoolchildren have been identified. The obtained results can be used for the development of ecological competence of Ukrainian school pupils under conditions of distance learning.
Methodological features of the development of speed-power qualities of footballers aged 13-14 taking into account the individual approach in the training process
Authors: Blotskyi Sergei , Nychyporka Nataliia , Baranovskyi Volodymyr
Published: December 2020

The physical training of football players has a speed-power orientation, so we have investigated the dynamics of the level of development of these physical qualities. The age of those involved in football, School №1 of Mozyr region, were of 13-14 years of age. For objective control of the level of development of speed-strength qualities and diagnostics of the results demonstrated by the young football players, motor tests were used. Identifying and filling gaps in the training of football players helps the programme to finish the training process in terms of age. Taking into account the principles of the training process, we have proposed the methodology for improving the speed and power qualities of football players, developed a set of special exercises on the basis of the individual approach. The training sessions were held according to the schedule and differed in the means and methods of training young football players. The developed experimental programme provided for overcoming the individual typological characteristics of the physical fitness of young athletes through the use of individual tasks in the training process, which was based on the principle of the differentiated approach to the students. The programme, which was used in the control group, also contributed to the growth of the results of speed-power indicators, which have positive dynamics. However, the processing of test results proved that the increase in the indicators of the experimental group during the period of the pedagogical experiment is higher than in the control group. The differences between the control and experimental groups are significant, and this confirms that the developed and tested program for the development of speed and power qualities of the football players, which included a set of special exercises, where the main place is occupied by jumping exercises and accelerations (running and jumping exercises with weights; jumping to a hill with a push involving two and one legs; jumping exercises with an emphasis on maximum speed of movements; jumping out of a semi-squat position with the push of two legs; performing running and jumping exercises on sand, a mat, etc.) will increase the level of speed-strength preparedness of football players and, in general, increase their sports mastery.
Features of the modern saxophone
Authors: Stepanova Anna
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the topic is stipulated by the fact that saxophone performance is becoming widespread nowadays, it substantiates the needs to establish new performing schools and to initiate researches aimed at improving methods of playing the saxophone. The purpose of the article is to pay special attention to the social status of the saxophone, its role in the system of professional music education and the evolution of performing techniques of playing the saxophone. The research methods are as follows: theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature, comparative studies. Summary: The main scientific and methodological works devoted to the improvement of methods and techniques of playing the saxophone are considered. In the historical aspect, some theoretical works of domestic and foreign authors on the methods and techniques of playing the saxophone have been analysed: the American researcher Carr W.E.J., who identified the physiological features of playing wooden wind instruments (the flute, the oboe, the clarinet, the bassoon and the saxophone); the Russian Professor Ivanov V. D., who identified modification forms and types of saxophone music; the Ukrainian researchers Kyrylov S. V., who singled out the so-called "concert face of the saxophonist" and the associated set of his / her professional skills, Krupey M. V., who historically analysed saxophone performance and determined the stylistic basis for the formation of saxophonist’s performing skills, Professor V. Apatskyi, who came to the conclusion that the advantage of an "o-shaped" ear cushion is a peculiar position of the lower lip, which is necessary for flexible control of the cane. The article also considers scientific and methodological works of foreign authors, reflecting the problematic and related issues of saxophone performance, which allowed us to draw the following conclusions: academic and jazz saxophone performances develop in parallel and are interdependent; the recognition of the saxophone individuality contributes to the transformations within the professional system of education, the teaching of the saxophone having become narrowly professional in this connection; the development of saxophone performance has led to the creation of national schools, which stipulated a rise in the number of musicians of the new formation, both academic and jazz.
Threshold for calcium volume evaluation in patients with aortic valve stenosis: correlation with Agatston score
Authors: Angelillis Marco , Costa Giulia , De Backer Ole , Mochi Veronica , Christou Andrea , Giannini Cristina , Spontoni Paolo , De Carlo Marco , Søndergaard Lars , Miccoli Mario , Petronio Anna S.
Published: December 2020

Background

The evaluation of aortic valve calcium burden is important when planning for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Although a robust golden standard methodology is available for calcium evaluation on noncontrast-enhanced (NCE) computed tomographic (CT) series, a standard reference for calcium assessment on contrast-enhanced CT series is currently lacking.

Methods

Two hundred and forty-four preprocedural CT scans from patients who had received TAVI were analysed. We correlated the aortic calcium volumes obtained on CE series at three thresholds [450, 850, and ‘probe + 100’ Hounsfield Units (HU)] with the Agatston score obtained on NCE scans. A subgroup analysis was performed taking into account the contrast enhancement of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), with a prespecified cut-off of 300 HU.

Results

The overall population analysis showed higher correlation with the Agatston score using the 850 HU threshold (r = 0.45, P < 0.0001); no correlation was found with the 450 HU threshold, whilst the ‘probe + 100’ HU threshold showed a weaker correlation (r = 0.30, P < 0.0001). In patients with LVOT enhancement less than 300 HU, 450 HU showed the highest accuracy in calcium identification (r = 0.70, P < 0.0001), whereas in patients with LVOT enhancement of at least 300 HU, the most accurate threshold was 850 HU (r = 0.46, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The thresholds for correct calcium identification using the automatic 3Mensio software depend on the contrast enhancement of aortic and cardiac structures, which can be estimated by measuring the HU in the LVOT. In patients with LVOT HU of less than 300, the correct threshold to be set in the software is 450 HU, whereas in patients with LVOT HU of at least 300 the correct threshold is 850 HU.
Clinical characteristics of essential thrombocythemia patients depend on the mutation status
Authors: Prejzner Witold , Mital Andrzej , Bieniaszewska Maria , Leszczyńska Aleksandra , Szymańska Agata , Czarnogórski Michał , Hellmann Andrzej
Published: December 2020

The impact of the mutation status on the clinical course and the outcome of essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients has not yet been completely established. A total of 171 patients with diagnosed ET were tested and subsequently grouped, according to their mutation status – Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) – 112 patients, calreticulin (CALR) – 36 patients, and thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) – 5 patients. Moreover, 18 individuals were triple-negative (with non-mutated JAK2, CALR, and MPL). CALR-mutated patients preferentially were male, with higher platelets (PLT) counts (mean PLT = 1 002.3) and lower hemoglobin and hematocrit levels at the diagnosis, compared to the JAK2 (mean PLT = 933.6), MPL (mean PLT = 940.8) and triple-negative patients (mean PLT = 822.6) (p = 0.0035). The patients with CALR mutated, and the triple-negative ones had a lower risk of arterial and venous thrombosis (3% and 5.6% cases at the time of diagnosis, respectively) than the patients with JAK2 mutation (7.2%) (p = 0.9210). The overall survival rate did not differ statistically between the groups.
Erythromycin Resistance in Bacterial Isolates from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole Olatunji M. , Idris Olayinka O.
Published: December 2020

The occurrence of erythromycin resistance in bacteria causing respiratory tract infections varies among populations and is associated with inappropriate antibiotic usage. This study was undertaken to determine erythromycin resistance in bacterial isolates from patients with respiratory tract infections in Ikere-Ekiti. Bacteria were isolated from sputum specimens using standard microbiological protocols while the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer method. Erythromycin resistance genes: mefA, ermA, and ermB were detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the 157 bacterial isolates identified using standard microbiological methods, Klebsiella spp. 40 (25%) was the most frequent followed by Staphylococcus aureus 34 (22%) and Proteus spp. 34 (22%) while Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, and Bacillus spp. had 19 (12%), 20 (13%), and 10 (6%) respectively. Most of the bacterial isolates were resistant to penicillin 148 (94%), cloxacillin 147 (93.6%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 141 (90%), erythromycin 141 (90%), and tetracycline 124 (79%). However, the isolates were least resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 57 (36%). Out of the 48 bacterial isolates investigated using multiplex PCR amplification for erythromycin resistance genes, 10 (20.8%) were positive for mefA, 3 (6.3%) were positive for ermA, and 2 (4.2%) were positive for ermB. The association between the presence of mefA, ermA, and ermB genes and erythromycin resistance was not significant (p=0.464). The presence of erythromycin resistant genes in pathogenic bacterial isolates from the respiratory tract was revealed in this study. Awareness of the risk of self-medication and abuse of antibiotics should be emphasized.
Determinants of Food Security Among Small-Scale Soybean Households in Butere Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Gwada Robert Ouko , Ouko Kevin Okoth , Mayaka Zephaniah Ongaga , Dembele Bandiougou
Published: December 2020

Food and nutritional (in)security remain an important matter of concern, especially in developing countries. Despite the efforts to enhance food security among smallholder soybean households, the proportion of the undernourished population in Butere Sub-County still remains high for unknown reasons. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of food security among smallholder soybean households in Butere Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted the exploratory research design. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select a sample of 201 respondents. Cross-sectional data were gathered through face-to-face interviews using pretested semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using ordered logistic regression model. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale was used to measure and categorize the soybean household food (in)security status. The results revealed that the household food (in)security status differed across soybean households and was greatly influenced by an interplay of socio-economic, market, and institutional factors. Age of the household head negatively influenced food security, whereas the level of soybean commercialization, education, livestock units, network density, extension visits, and credit access were positively associated with household food security. The study recommends policy interventions that seek to ensure intensive literacy development, frequent extension and training, improved access to credit, and reinvestment in productive assets or inputs for increased production, commercialization and food security. Strengthening of social ties and increased allocation to safety net programs for the aged, vulnerable, and resource-poor households are also recommended.
Weeds in Organic Bean Crops (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Fabaceae Lindl., Fabales)
Authors: Džigurski Dejana , Ljevnaić-Mašić Branka , Nikolić Ljiljana
Published: December 2020

In the organic bean crops (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in open cultivation during the vegetation period of 2012, 14 weed species were found in the villages Ljutovo and Orom. The percentage of invasive species was 28.57%. Ambrosia artemisiifolia was characterized as highly invasive, Sorghum halepense as sporadically invasive, and Amaranthus retroflexus and Datura stramonium as potentially invasive species. Low diversity and low density of weed flora in organic bean crops are the factors causing a high percentage of invasive species in the floristic composition, so monitoring of these species is necessary. The weed flora dominated by therophytes (71.43%), the dominance of weed-ruderal plants (64.29%), and the presence of widespread taxa in the bean crops indicate strong anthropogenic influence and instability of the weed flora. The largest number of the weed species bloom from June to August (71.43%). According to the ecological analysis of the weed flora, the studied agroecosystems were characterized as moderately arid (F-2.36), neutral to weakly alkaline (R-3.07), eutrophic-mesotrophic (N-3.71), well-aerated (D-3.64), non-saline (S-, 78.57%) with medium humus content (H-2.86), favorable light (L-3.86) and temperature (T-4.14) regime, and with temperate continental climatic conditions (K-2.93). Correlation analysis showed that invasive weed species began to bloom later and favored well-aerated and warmer habitats compared to other weeds. PCA analysis singled out habitat aeration and salinity as the main factors separating weeds in organic bean crops.