bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muscle quality index comparisons between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Caucasians using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and handgrip strength
Authors: Mehra Ayush , Snarr Ronald L. , Park Kyung-Shin , Krok-Schoen Jessica L. , Czerwinski Stefan A. , Nickerson Brett S.
Published: August 2024

Background & Aims

Muscle quality index (MQI) can be computed in various ways. Also, many studies have evaluated MQI in older adults and non-Hispanic populations. The aim of this study was to compare various muscle quality indexes between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Caucasians when stratifying grip strength and appendicular lean mass measurements.

Methods

235 participants (aged 25.5 ± 9.5 for males and 26.4 ± 9.9 for females) completed a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan to assess appendicular lean mass (ALM). Handgrip strength (HGS) was assessed using a handheld dynamometer. MQI was computed using four different models: 1). MQIRA: ALM and HGS of right arm and hand, respectively; 2). MQILA: ALM and HGS of left arm and hand, respectively; 3). MQIARMS: ALM and HGS of both arms and hands, respectively; and 4). MQITOTAL: ALM of upper and lower-limbs and HGS of left and right hand.

Results

Hispanic males and females exhibited lower HGS compared to Caucasians with effect sizes ranging from trivial (d = 0.17) to moderate (d = 0.80). Females demonstrated higher MQI values compared to males for MQIARMS (d = 0.70), MQIRA (d = 0.75), and MQILA (d = 0.57). However, MQITOTAL yielded a small practical effect (d = 0.33) in favor of males (3.2 ± 0.5 kg/kg vs. 3.1 ± 0.5 kg/kg). After factoring by sex and ethnicity, Hispanic males and females, compared to non-Hispanic Caucasians males and females, showed trivial-to-small practical differences (d values ranging from 0.03 to 0.39).

Conclusions

These results demonstrate MQI models vary across sex, particularly when utilizing models that account for upper extremity strength and ALM (i.e., MQIARMS, MQIRA, and MQILA). Lastly, to establish consistency in future research, the present study recommends using MQI models that account for ALM of upper- and lower-limbs (i.e., MQITOTAL). However, research measuring muscular strength via one upper-limb (e.g., left hand) might consider measuring ALM of the corresponding arm (e.g., left arm) when computing muscle quality (e.g., MQILA).
The association of birth weight and current BMI on the risk of hypertension: the Tohoku medical megabank community-based cohort study
Authors: Himuro Hiromi , Kogure Mana , Nakaya Naoki , Nakamura Tomohiro , Hatanaka Rieko , Chiba Ippei , Nakaya Kumi , Tsuchiya Naho , Hirata Takumi , Orui Masatsugu , Kobayashi Tomoko , Kodama Eiichi N. , Hamanaka Yohei , Uruno Akira , Fuse Nobuo , Nagaie Satoshi , Ogishima Soichi , Ishikuro Mami , Obara Taku , Izumi Yoko , Saito Masatoshi , Kuriyama Shinichi , Hozawa Atsushi , Sugawara Junichi
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to investigate the association of combination of birth weight and current body mass index (BMI) with the risk of hypertension in adulthood. This cross-sectional study used data from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-based Cohort Study conducted in Japan. A total of 10,688 subjects aged ≥20 years were eligible. We calculated the least square (LS) means of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and trend tests were performed to evaluate the linear relationships between birth weight categories and SBP. We also used a multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the risk of hypertension associated with the combination of birth weight and current BMI. There was a statistically inverse association between birth weight and SBP in the 20–64 age group, but no significant association in the ≥65 age group. Low birth weight (LBW) with normal BMI group had a higher risk of hypertension than the normal or high birth weight groups with normal BMI. Furthermore, the group with LBW and BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2 was the highest risk for hypertension (adjusted odds ratio: 2.73; 95% CI, 2.04–3.65) compared to the reference group (birth weight 2500–3499 g and BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2). There was a significant association between LBW and subsequent risk of hypertension. In addition, participants with lower birth weights had a higher risk of hypertension than those with higher birth weights. However, even in participants with a lower birth weight, the risk of hypertension could be reduced when they maintained an optimal BMI.
Hydrogel mechanical properties in altered gravity
Authors: Mišković Vanja , Greco Immacolata , Minetti Christophe , Cialdai Francesca , Monici Monica , Gazzi Arianna , Marcellino Jeremiah , Samad Yarjan Abdul , Delogu Lucia Gemma , Ferrari Andrea C. , Iorio Carlo Saverio
Published: August 2024

Exposure to altered gravity influences cellular behaviour in cell cultures. Hydrogels are amongst the most common materials used to produce tissue-engineering scaffolds, and their mechanical properties play a crucial role in cell-matrix interaction. However, little is known about the influence of altered gravity on hydrogel properties. Here we study the mechanical properties of Poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and PEGDA incorporated with graphene oxide (GO) by performing tensile tests in micro and hypergravity during a Parabolic flight campaign, and by comparing them to the same tests performed in Earth gravity. We show that gravity levels do not result in a statistically significant difference in Young’s modulus.
A hybrid reanalysis-forecast meteorological forcing data for advancing climate adaptation in agriculture
Authors: Iizumi Toshichika , Takimoto Takahiro , Masaki Yoshimitsu , Maruyama Atsushi , Kayaba Nobuyuki , Takaya Yuhei , Masutomi Yuji
Published: August 2024

Climate variability in the growing season is well suited for testing adaptation measures. Adaptation to adverse events, such as heatwaves and droughts, increases the capacity of players in agri-food systems, not only producers but also transporters and food manufacturers, to prepare for production disruptions due to seasonal extremes and climate change. Climate impact models (e.g., crop models) can be used to develop adaptation responses. To run these models, historical records and climate forecasts need to be combined as a single daily time series. We introduce the daily 0.5° global hybrid reanalysis-forecast meteorological forcing dataset from 2010 to 2021. The dataset consists of the Japanese 55-yr Reanalysis (JRA55) and the Japan Meteorological Agency/Meteorological Research Institute Coupled Prediction System version 2 (JMA/MRI-CPS2) 5-member ensemble forecast. Both are bias-corrected using the Delta method and integrated with a baseline climatology derived from the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund’s Strategic Research 14 Meteorological Forcing Dataset (S14FD). The dataset is called JCDS (JRA55-CPS2-Delta-S14FD) and offers a framework for monitoring and forecasting applications towards adaptation.
Design and evaluation of crowdsourcing platforms based on users’ confidence judgments
Authors: Ahmadabadi Samin Nili , Haghifam Maryam , Shah-Mansouri Vahid , Ershadmanesh Sara
Published: August 2024

Crowdsourcing deals with solving problems by assigning them to a large number of non-experts called crowd using their spare time. In these systems, the final answer to the question is determined by summing up the votes obtained from the community. The popularity of these systems has increased by facilitating access for community members through mobile phones and the Internet. One of the issues raised in crowdsourcing is how to choose people and how to collect answers. Usually, users are separated based on their performance in a pre-test. Designing the pre-test for performance calculation is challenging; The pre-test questions should be selected to assess characteristics in individuals that are relevant to the main questions. One of the ways to increase the accuracy of crowdsourcing systems is by considering individuals’ cognitive characteristics and decision-making models to form a crowd and improve the estimation of their answer accuracy to questions. People can estimate the correctness of their responses while making a decision. The accuracy of this estimate is determined by a quantity called metacognition ability. Metacoginition is referred to the case where the confidence level is considered along with the answer to increase the accuracy of the solution. In this paper, by both mathematical and experimental analysis, we would answer the following question: Is it possible to improve the performance of a crowdsourcing system by understanding individuals’ metacognition and recording and utilizing users’ confidence in their answers?
High-throughput image processing software for the study of nuclear architecture and gene expression
Authors: Keikhosravi Adib , Almansour Faisal , Bohrer Christopher H. , Fursova Nadezda A. , Guin Krishnendu , Sood Varun , Misteli Tom , Larson Daniel R. , Pegoraro Gianluca
Published: August 2024

High-throughput imaging (HTI) generates complex imaging datasets from a large number of experimental perturbations. Commercial HTI software programs for image analysis workflows typically do not allow full customization and adoption of new image processing algorithms in the analysis modules. While open-source HTI analysis platforms provide individual modules in the workflow, like nuclei segmentation, spot detection, or cell tracking, they are often limited in integrating novel analysis modules or algorithms. Here, we introduce the High-Throughput Image Processing Software (HiTIPS) to expand the range and customization of existing HTI analysis capabilities. HiTIPS incorporates advanced image processing and machine learning algorithms for automated cell and nuclei segmentation, spot signal detection, nucleus tracking, nucleus registration, spot tracking, and quantification of spot signal intensity. Furthermore, HiTIPS features a graphical user interface that is open to integration of new analysis modules for existing analysis pipelines and to adding new analysis modules. To demonstrate the utility of HiTIPS, we present three examples of image analysis workflows for high-throughput DNA FISH, immunofluorescence (IF), and live-cell imaging of transcription in single cells. Altogether, we demonstrate that HiTIPS is a user-friendly, flexible, and open-source HTI software platform for a variety of cell biology applications.
Predicting major clinical events among Canadian adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza infection using the influenza severity scale
Authors: Pott Henrique , LeBlanc Jason J. , ElSherif May , Hatchette Todd F. , McNeil Shelly A. , Andrew Melissa K. ,   the Serious Outcomes Surveillance (SOS) Network of the Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN), Boivin Guy , Trottier Sylvie , Diaz-Mitoma Francisco , Verschoor Chris , Stiver Grant , Bowie William , Green Karen , McGeer Allison , Johnstone Jennie , Loeb Mark , Katz Kevin , Lagacé-Wiens Phillipe , Light Bruce , McCarthy Anne , Poirier Andre , Powis Jeff , Richardson David , Semret Makeda , Smith Stephanie , Taylor Geoff , Smyth Daniel , Valiquette Louis , Webster Duncan
Published: August 2024

We developed and validated the Influenza Severity Scale (ISS), a standardized risk assessment for influenza, to estimate and predict the probability of major clinical events in patients with laboratory-confirmed infection. Data from the Canadian Immunization Research Network’s Serious Outcomes Surveillance Network (2011/2012–2018/2019 influenza seasons) enabled the selecting of all laboratory-confirmed influenza patients. A machine learning-based approach then identified variables, generated weighted scores, and evaluated model performance. This study included 12,954 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza infections. The optimal scale encompassed ten variables: demographic (age and sex), health history (smoking status, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, and influenza vaccination status), clinical presentation (cough, sputum production, and shortness of breath), and function (need for regular support for activities of daily living). As a continuous variable, the scale had an AU-ROC of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.71–0.74). Aggregated scores classified participants into three risk categories: low (ISS < 30; 79.9% sensitivity, 51% specificity), moderate (ISS ≥ 30 but < 50; 54.5% sensitivity, 55.9% specificity), and high (ISS ≥ 50; 51.4% sensitivity, 80.5% specificity). ISS demonstrated a solid ability to identify patients with hospitalized laboratory-confirmed influenza at increased risk for Major Clinical Events, potentially impacting clinical practice and research.
Biogas potential of organosolv pretreated wheat straw as mono and co-substrate: substrate synergy and microbial dynamics
Authors: Sarkar Omprakash , Rova Ulrika , Christakopoulos Paul , Matsakas Leonidas
Published: August 2024

Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology can potentially address the gap between energy demand and supply playing a crucial role in the production of sustainable energy from utilization of biogenic waste materials as feedstock. The biogas production from anaerobic digestion is primarily influenced by the chemical compositions and biodegradability of the feedstock. Organosolv-steam explosion offers a constructive approach as a promising pretreatment method for the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomasses delivering high cellulose content.This study showed how synergetic co-digestion serves to overcome the challenges of mono-digestion's low efficiency. Particularly, the study evaluated the digestibility of organosolv-steam pretreated wheat straw (WSOSOL) in mono as well as co-digesting substrate with cheese whey (CW) and brewery spent grains (BSG). The highest methane yield was attained with co-digestion of WSOSOL + CW (338 mL/gVS) representing an enhanced biogas output of 1–1.15 times greater than its mono digestion. An ammonium production was favored under co-digestion strategy accounting for 921 mg/L from WSOSOL + BSG. Metagenomic study was conducted to determine the predominant bacteria and archaea, as well as its variations in their populations and their functional contributions during the AD process. The Firmicutes have been identified as playing a significant role in the hydrolysis process and the initial stages of AD. An enrichment of the most prevalent archaea genera enriched were Methanobacterium, Methanothrix, and Methanosarsina. Reactors digesting simpler substrate CW followed the acetoclastic, while digesting more complex substrates like BSG and WSOSOL followed the hydrogenotrophic pathway for biomethane production. To regulate the process for an enhanced AD process to maximize CH4, a comprehensive understanding of microbial communities is beneficial.
Assessing the impact of glazing and window shade systems on view clarity
Authors: Ko Won Hee , Burgess Isabel , Schiavon Stefano , Chung Susana T. L. , MacNaughton Piers , Um Chai Yoon
Published: August 2024

Windows provide access to daylight and outdoor views, influencing building design. Various glazing and window shade materials are used to mitigate glare, overheating and privacy issues, and they affect view clarity. Among them, we evaluated the effect of window films, electrochromic (EC) glass, and fabric shades on view clarity. We conducted an experiment with 50 participants using visual tests adapted from clinical vision tests (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color sensitivity) and images displayed on a computer monitor in a controlled laboratory. Window films and EC glass tints outperformed fabric shades in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and view satisfaction with the exception of the darkest EC tint state and dark grey VLT 3% shade for color sensitivity and view satisfaction. The EC tints pose internal reflection issues and fabric shades are preferred for visual privacy. Window films and EC glass hinder participants’ blue–green color discrimination while fabric shades also decrease red–yellow color discrimination. Visual acuity predicts view satisfaction and contrast sensitivity is the strongest predictor for visual privacy. Generally, higher visible light transmittance and lower solar reflectance (darker color) enhance human visual performance. The proposed workflow provides an experimental procedure, identifies the primary variables and establishes a predictive framework for assessing view clarity of fenestration.
Morphology analysis of PEEK 450G using scanning electron microscopy directly on fast scanning calorimetry chips
Authors: Comelli Cleiton André , Yi Nan , van der Pol HenkJan , Ghita Oana
Published: August 2024

To explore the morphology of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), this study employed fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The objective was to observe the PEEK microstructure under various thermal profiles replicating the additive manufacturing material extrusion process. Samples were observed using SEM directly from the FSC chips, allowing high-accuracy evaluation of the microstructure relative to the thermal profiles. This approach allowed for the evaluation of the microstructure with high accuracy concerning the thermal profiles to which the samples were previously exposed. Each sample was coated with a 10 nm layer of gold–palladium (20–80% ratio), and no etching was necessary to observe the micro features of the microstructure. The approach enabled successful observation and quantification of PEEK microstructure, linking substrate temperature and temperature peaks to microstructural outcomes. Notably, temperature peaks during the process enhanced the formation of well-developed, thick lamellae due to increased chain mobility. Additionally, embryos formed post-remelting of the substrate structure were observed.
Cotton-quality fibers from complexation between anionic and cationic cellulose nanoparticles
Authors: Jaekel Esther E. , Torres Guillermo Reyes , Antonietti Markus , Rojas Orlando J. , Filonenko Svitlana
Published: August 2024

Natural polymers are attractive sustainable materials for production of fibers and composite materials. Cotton and flux are traditional plants used to produce textiles with comforting properties while technologies like Viscose, Lyocell and Ioncell-F allowed to extent fiber use into regenerated cellulose from wood. Neither natural nor man-made fibers completely satisfy the needs for cellulose based fabrics boosting development of new approaches to bring more sustainability into the fashion. Technologies like Spinnova are arising based on the spinning of mechanically pretreated cellulose materials with a lower environmental impact though challenged by the fiber quality and strength related to the inconsistency of the mechanical fibers. Nanoscaled cellulose is an excellent solution to improve the consistency of spin fibers, but charges introduced by traditional chemical treatments prevent rebuilding native hydrogen bonding and compromise the mechanical properties especially in wet conditions. We used nanocellulose with low surface charge isolated using reactive eutectic media to spin fibers able to restore the native hydrogen bonding and enable constitutional mechanical strength of cellulose. We performed un-optimized spinning to reveal the intrinsic properties of the fibers and confirmed the preserved strength of wet fibers compliant with the low surface charge enabling further engineering towards cotton-like fabric from wood.
Polarizing and equalizing trends in international trade and Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Malik Arunima , Lenzen Manfred , Li Mengyu , Mora Camille , Carter Sarah , Giljum Stefan , Lutter Stephan , Gómez-Paredes Jorge
Published: August 2024

The influence of international trade on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is multi-faceted. International trade can either promote or hinder progress, thus directly impacting people, economies and livelihoods. Here we explore the relevance of consumption-based proxies, which capture global demand for goods and services, to assess progress towards Sustainable Development Goals. We link these proxies to environmental and social issues for understanding trends in international outsourcing of resource and pollution-intensive production. We undertake a temporal assessment from 1990 to 2018 for the Global North and South to highlight polarizing trends that are affecting progress on achieving Sustainable Development Goals. We conclude that global trade can lead to both polarizing and equalizing trends that can influence a country’s ability to meet the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
An integrative structural study of the human full-length RAD52 at 2.2 Å resolution
Authors: Balboni Beatrice , Marotta Roberto , Rinaldi Francesco , Milordini Giulia , Varignani Giulia , Girotto Stefania , Cavalli Andrea
Published: August 2024

Human RAD52 (RAD52) is a DNA-binding protein involved in many DNA repair mechanisms and genomic stability maintenance. In the last few years, this protein was discovered to be a promising novel pharmacological target for anticancer strategies. Although the interest in RAD52 has exponentially grown in the previous decade, most information about its structure and mechanism still needs to be elucidated. Here, we report the 2.2 Å resolution cryo-EM reconstruction of the full-length RAD52 (FL-RAD52) protein. This allows us to describe the hydration shell of the N-terminal region of FL-RAD52, which is structured in an undecamer ring. Water molecules coordinate with protein residues to promote stabilization inside and among the protomers and within the inner DNA binding cleft to drive protein-DNA recognition. Additionally, through a multidisciplinary approach involving SEC-SAXS and computational methods, we comprehensively describe the highly flexible and dynamic organization of the C-terminal portion of FL-RAD52. This work discloses unprecedented structural details on the FL-RAD52, which will be critical for characterizing its mechanism of action and inhibitor development, particularly in the context of novel approaches to synthetic lethality and anticancer drug discovery.
Nuclear spin polarization of lactic acid via exchange of parahydrogen-polarized protons
Authors: Them Kolja , Kuhn Jule , Pravdivtsev Andrey N. , Hövener Jan-Bernd
Published: August 2024

Hyperpolarization has become a powerful tool to enhance the sensitivity of magnetic resonance. A universal tool to hyperpolarize small molecules in solution, however, has not yet emerged. Transferring hyperpolarized, labile protons between molecules is a promising approach towards this end. Therefore, hydrogenative parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) was recently proposed as a source to polarize exchanging protons (PHIP-X). Here, we identified four key components that govern PHIP-X: adding the spin order, polarizing the labile proton, proton exchange, and polarization of the target nucleus. We investigated the last two steps experimentally and using simulations. We found optimal exchange rates and field cycling methods to polarize the target molecules. We also investigated the influence of spin relaxation of exchanging protons on the target polarization. It was found experimentally that transferring the polarization from protons directly bound to the target X-nucleus (here 13C) of lactate and methanol using a pulse sequence was more efficient than applying a corresponding sequence to the labile proton. Furthermore, varying the concentrations of the transfer and target molecules yielded a distinct maximum 13C polarization. We believe this work will further help to understand and optimize PHIP-X towards a broadly applicable hyperpolarization method.
Hydrogen bonding to the electron accepting group controls the absorption spectrum of a push–pull stilbene adsorbed on amorphous silica
Authors: Vörös Dóra , Proché Felix , González Leticia , Mai Sebastian
Published: August 2024

The photophysical and photochemical properties of push–pull photoswitches, such as stilbene derivatives, are very sensitive to their surroundings, allowing, e.g., for the control of the spectral properties or alternatively for probing the molecular environment. Here, we investigate how various adsorption motifs of 4-(N, N-Dimethylamino)-4’-nitrostilbene (DANS) on an amorphous glass surface influence its absorption spectra. Particular attention is given to the prominent first bright charge transfer state and the factors governing these modifications. The absorption spectra is simulated using time-dependent density functional theory on a large set of adsorption geometries that exhibit different kinds of molecule–surface interactions. We find that C–H⋯O interactions of the methyl or phenyl moieties with the glass affect the spectrum only marginally, whereas the dispersion interaction of the π system with the surface tends to diminish the intensity of the first absorption band. Moreover, an enhancement of the push–pull properties of DANS and a significant redshift occur whenever O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the NO2 group are present, whereas a hydrogen bond O–H⋯N to the NMe2 group results in a blueshift.
Convergent synthesis of glycoalkaloids solasonine and its saponin derivative
Authors: Yang Yue , Li Tong , Hao Huiran , Sheng Ju-Zheng , Li Tianlu , Peng Peng
Published: August 2024

Efficient and convergent synthesis of glycoalkaloids solasonine and its saponin derivative was achieved via a novel AuCl3–tBuCN cooperative catalysis 1,2-trans glycosidation strategy.
Transition metal oxide clusters: advanced electrocatalysts for a sustainable energy future
Authors: Piracha Sanwal , Zhang Yifei , Raza Ali , Li Gao
Published: August 2024

This article summarizes small-sized transition metal oxide (TMO) clusters for electrocatalysis. The synergistic actions between TMO and TM–Nx sites and mechanisms by DFT studies are comprehensively highlighted.
Nitrate-coordinated FeNi(OH)2 for hydrazine oxidation assisted seawater splitting at the industrial-level current density
Authors: Singh Baghendra , Kumar Rakesh , Ansari Toufik , Indra Arindam , Draksharapu Apparao
Published: August 2024

In this study, we developed a nitrate-coordinated iron–nickel hydroxide [NC–FeNi(OH)2] catalyst for hydrazine oxidation-assisted seawater splitting.
Stoichiometry-dependent mechanical properties of pyrogallol–isonicotinamide cocrystals
Authors: Harsha Priyasha , Das Dinabandhu
Published: August 2024

Mechanical properties of pyrogallol and isonicotinamide cocrystals can be altered by varying the stoichiometry of their components.
Development of an anisotropic polarizable model for the all-atom AMOEBA force field
Authors: Yang Yanyan , Jin Qianqian , Yin Shiwei
Published: August 2024

The atomic polarizability tensor-based ANISO-polar model has been developed and applied to predict the crystal structure of oligoacene. Compared to the ISO-polar model, the ANISO-polar model demonstrates better performance in the CSP of pentacene.
Formation of CdTe core and CdTe@ZnTe core–shell quantum dots via hydrothermal approach using dual capping agents: deciphering the food dye sensing and protein binding applications
Authors: Haque Mahabul , Chutia Jintu , Mondal Amarjyoti , Quraishi Sana , Kumari Kalpana , Marboh Erica W. M. , Aguan Kripamoy , Singha Roy Atanu
Published: August 2024

We have reported the synthesis of CdTe core and CdTe@ZnTe core–shell QDs using dual capping agents polyvinylpyrrolidone and vitamin C, via one-pot synthesis method and explored as excellent sensors for food dyes and protein binding applications.
Mo2C coated with Ni nanoparticles as the cathode catalyst towards efficient hydrogen evolution reaction: an experimental and computational investigation
Authors: Liu Chuan , Chu Xin , Pi Yingqi , Dong Chunshan , Lei Yuhan , Yao Wanwan , Zhang Bentian , Li Zirong , Wang Xuchun , Cheng Ping
Published: August 2024

Ni/Mo2C composite catalysts were successfully synthesised using a thermal treatment method and exhibited enhanced HER catalytic activity compared with other reported Ni- and Mo2C-based catalysts.
High entropy effect on thermoelectric properties of the nonequilibrium cubic phase of AgBiSe2−2xSxTex with x = 0–0.6
Authors: Seshita Asato , Yamashita Aichi , Katase Takayoshi , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu
Published: August 2024

The stabilization of the cubic structure of high-entropy-type AgBiSe2 was achieved using quenching technique. Thermoelectric performance was enhanced owing to the simultaneous electronic conductivity increase and thermal conductivity reduction.
Colour/luminescence changes of transition metal complexes induced by gaseous small molecules for monitoring reaction progress and environmental changes
Authors: Shinozaki Kazuteru
Published: August 2024

Transition metal complexes act as monitoring devices for environmental changes, utilizing changes in colour/luminescence to detect these changes.
A comparative life cycle assessment of the synthesis of mesoporous silica materials on a small and a large scale
Authors: Ros-Lis Jose Vicente , Vetter Sylvia , Smith Pete
Published: August 2024

LCA of the most common mesoporous silica materials MCM-41, MCM-48, UVM-7, Stober particles, SBA-15, SBA-16, HMS, KIT-5, KIT-6, MSU, and FDU.
Study of the layer thickness of multilayer sample by the LIBS method based on ablation rate correction
Authors: Liu Shiming , Li Cong , He Qi , Wu Huace , Hu Xiaohan , Men Boliang , Wu Ding , Hai Ran , Wu Xingwei , Ding Hongbin
Published: August 2024

As a remote and in situ diagnostic technique for the first wall of tokamaks, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has shown promising potential for depth profile analysis of deposition layers on plasma-facing components (PFCs).
Single and few cell analysis for correlative light microscopy, metabolomics, and targeted proteomics
Authors: Rima Luca , Berchtold Christian , Arnold Stefan , Fränkl Andri , Sütterlin Rosmarie , Dernick Gregor , Schlotterbeck Götz , Braun Thomas
Published: August 2024

We combined a single-cell lysis and handover system with mass spectrometry and reverse-phase protein arrays, allowing correlative single- and few-cell analysis combining microscopy with metabolomics and targeted proteomics.
Controlling bacterial growth and inactivation using thin film-based surface acoustic waves
Authors: Ong Hui Ling , Martins Dell' Agnese Bruna , Jiang Yunhong , Guo Yihao , Zhou Jian , Zhang Jikai , Luo Jingting , Tao Ran , Zhang Meng , Dover Lynn G. , Smith Darren , Thummavichai Kunyapat , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Wu Qiang , Fu Yong-Qing
Published: August 2024

We introduced the use of piezoelectric thin film based ZnO/Si SAW devices. We explored the mechanisms of bacterial growth and inactivation caused by varied RF powers, ZnO concentrations, and thermal effects via thin film SAW technology.
Programming hierarchical anisotropy in microactuators for multimodal actuation
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Li Shucong , Zhao Wenchang , Zhou Ying , Wang Liqiu , Aizenberg Joanna , Zhu Pingan
Published: August 2024

Our work introduces a simple strategy for tailoring hierarchical anisotropy in microactuators using thermoresponsive liquid crystalline elastomers, thereby enabling versatile multimodal actuation.
SUPERCELLS: a novel microfluidic reactor architecture for ultra-fast sequential delivery of chemical reagents
Authors: Fatemi Naghmeh , Taher Ahmed , Fondu Jelle , Zhang Lei , De Moor Tinne , Willems Kherim , Henry Olivier , Peumans Peter , Stakenborg Tim
Published: August 2024

We present ‘supercells’, a hierarchical fluidic concept that efficiently distributes reagents across numerous small cavities, enabling rapid fluid switching.
PtRu mesoporous nanospheres as electrocatalysts with enhanced performance for oxidation of methanol
Authors: Guo Jiangbin , Yan Qiyu , Zhang Man , Fang Jun , Luo Shuiyuan , Xu Jing
Published: August 2024

PtRu mesoporous nanospheres (PtRu MNs) display enhanced catalytic properties for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). It can be ascribed to the abundant active sites in the mesoporous nanostructure and favorable effects from the Ru species.
A multi-interface bimetallic sulfoselenide–selenite heterojunction as a battery-type cathode for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Lu Xintong , Chen Qihang , Wu Lei , Cui Shuangxing , Li Guochang , Zhao Wenna , Han Lei
Published: August 2024

A bimetallic sulfoselenide–selenite heterojunction of (Ni,Co)(Se,S)2/(Ni,Co)SeO3 was prepared from LDH-based templates as high-capacity battery-type materials for hybrid supercapacitors.
Activity augmentation of a functionalized 2D conjugated polymer matrix with iron vanadate nano-bulbs for real-time detection of levofloxacin
Authors: Raja Bharathi Kannan , Govindaraj Muthukumar , Muthukumaran Magesh Kumar , Ramar Sabarikaruthapandi , J Arockia Selvi
Published: August 2024

This work presents a pioneering approach to the electrochemical detection of levofloxacin (LVO) in human blood samples using FVO/CN, which enhances the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor towards the detection of LVO.
Exploring the versatility of dendrimer-stabilized silver nanoparticle platforms: synthesis, characterization, and protein immobilization for enhanced biosensing applications
Authors: Oliveira Denys R. , Zarbin Aldo J. G. , Souto Dênio E. P.
Published: August 2024

Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles stabilized by a poly(amidoamine) dendrimer for application in surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors.
Transition metal-free efficient synthesis of bis(indolyl)propynes (BIPs)
Authors: Chaturvedi Anjali , Sharma Vishal , Nafla CM Fathimath , SivaPrasad Katikam , Sharma Deepak , Kumar Nikhil , Chandel Rushal , Singh Manpreet , Rawal Ravindra K. , Singh Virender
Published: August 2024

A transition metal-free approach has been devised for the synthesis of a series of 50 diverse bis(indolyl)propyne (BIP) derivatives.
Ring-closing metathesis of dialkenylcycloalkanes for the synthesis of fused bicycloalkanes and tricycloalkanes
Authors: Tu Yuyang , Inagaki Yusuke , Ohara Kazuaki , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Setaka Wataru
Published: August 2024

Ring-closing metathesis of dialkenylcycloalkane, followed by hydrogenation, afforded a mixture of bicycloalkanes and tricycloalkanes. This method can synthesize a mixture of disilabicycloalkanes with one differing alkyl side chain.
Enantioselective assembly of tetrahedral Zr4(embonate)6 cages in zeolitic frameworks for synergetic circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Meng Xin , Ding Qing-Rong , Chen Shu-Mei , He Yan-Ping , Zhang Jian
Published: August 2024

The chiral resolution of Zr4L6 cages has been achieved using enantiopure coordination cations, and an cage-supported SOD-type supramolecular zeolite framework was prepared, which demonstrates synergistic CPL output with glum values of 1.5 × 10−2.
Visible light-induced aerobic oxidation of an alkene catalyzed by thiobenzoic acid in water
Authors: Li Wenjing , Liu Chunye , Liang Lingling , Zhang Jian , Miao Yanqing
Published: August 2024

A metal-free, visible-light-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of the CC bond of an alkene by thiobenzoic acid in water under an O2 atmosphere has been developed.
Abnormally low thermal conductivity of Co2MnO4 spinel induced by cation inversion
Authors: Ye Qi , Wang Shengyang , Ma Huilan , Yin Wen , Hu Zhongbo , Li Can
Published: August 2024

Cation inversion effect significantly reduces the lattice thermal conductivity of the Co2MnO4 spinel.
Plasma-treated 1D transition metal dichalcogenides for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Dutta Asmita , Krishnappa Manjunath , Porat Hani , Lavi Ronit , Lal Aneena , Yadav Manish Kumar , Mandić Vilko , Makrinich Gennady , Laikhtman Alex , Zak Alla , Borenstein Arie
Published: August 2024

Plasma traetment induces chemical modiifcation in 1D WS2 nanotubes, enhancing its electrocatalytic performances upon HER.
Boosted urea electrooxidation activity by dynamic steady blending CoOOH–Ni(OH)2 nanoclusters for H2 production in a pH-asymmetric electrolyzer
Authors: Peng Shih-Mao , Chang Shu-Ting , Chang Chia-Che , HN Priyadarshini , Chang Chun-Chih , Wu Kuan-Chang , Huang Yung-Hung , Chen Yi-Chia , Kuo Tsung-Rong , Pao Chih-Wen , Chen Jeng-Lung , Wang Di-Yan
Published: August 2024

The blending CoOOH–Ni(OH)2 nanoclusters exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity for urea oxidation reaction in alkaline environment, achieving low onset potential of 1.24 V (vs. RHE).
Formation of intrinsic point defects in AlN: a study of donor and acceptor characteristics using hybrid QM/MM techniques
Authors: Zhu Lei , Zhang Xingfan , Hou Qing , Lu You , Keal Thomas W. , Buckeridge John , Catlow C. Richard A. , Sokol Alexey A.
Published: August 2024

The wide-gap material aluminium nitride (AlN) is gaining increasing attention for its applications in optoelectronics, energy, and quantum computing, making the investigation of its defect properties crucial for effective use in these fields.
A chondroitin sulphate hydrogel with sustained release of SDF-1α for extensive cartilage defect repair through induction of cell homing and promotion of chondrogenesis
Authors: Wu Yuezhou , Lyu Zhuocheng , Hu Fei , Yang Linjun , Yang Ke , Chen Mo , Wang You
Published: August 2024

Extensive cartilage damage is a significant challenge in orthopedics. This study introduces a novel P-SCMA hydrogel that promotes cell adhesion, proliferation, homing, and chondrogenesis, offering a promising solution for effective cartilage repair.
3D-(p/p/n) NiO/NiWO4/WO3 heterostructures for the selective detection of ozone
Authors: Kaur Navpreet , Comini Elisabetta
Published: August 2024

We propose 3D branched-like NiO/NiWO4/WO3 nano-heterostructures for the selective detection of ozone (O3) at ppb levels, which is crucial for environmental and public health protection.
Improving energy storage performance enabled by composition-induced dielectric behavior in PbHfO3-based ceramics under low electric fields
Authors: Chao Wenna , Hao Jigong , Du Juan , Li Peng , Li Wei , Yang Tongqing
Published: August 2024

Ultrahigh polarization of 55 μC cm−2 and high Wrec of 5.49 J cm−3 are achieved in Pb(Hf0.99Ti0.01)O3 ceramics.
Na+: the key to ultra-long afterglow lifetimes of CDs in dense SiO2 matrices
Authors: Luo Yimeng , Jiang Qin , Huang Xinyu , Dong Jiahao , Zhou Yiyi , Huang Feiyan , Liao Xuelin , Zhuang Jianle , Hu Chaofan , Zheng Mingtao , Lei Bingfu , Liu Yingliang , He Jiangling
Published: August 2024

This work demonstrates that Na+ is the key to ultra-long afterglow lifetimes of CDs in dense silica matrices.
Structural characterization of DNA-binding domain of essential mammalian protein TTF 1
Authors: Singh Gajender , Bhopale Abhinetra Jagdish , Khatri Saloni , Prakash Prashant , Kumar Rajnish , Singh Sukh Mahendra , Singh Samarendra Kumar
Published: August 2024

Transcription Termination Factor 1 (TTF1) is a multifunctional mammalian protein with vital roles in various cellular processes, including Pol I-mediated transcription initiation and termination, pre-rRNA processing, chromatin remodelling, DNA damage repair, and polar replication fork arrest. It comprises two distinct functional regions; the N-terminal regulatory region (1-445 aa), and the C-terminal catalytic region (445-859 aa). The Myb domain located at the C-terminal region is a conserved DNA binding domain spanning from 550 to 732 aa (183 residues). Despite its critical role in various cellular processes, the physical structure of TTF1 remains unsolved. Attempts to purify the functional TTF1 protein have been unsuccessful till date. Therefore, we focused on characterizing the Myb domain of this essential protein. We started with predicting a 3-D model of the Myb domain using homology modelling, and ab-initio method. We then determined its stability through MD simulation in an explicit solvent. The model predicted is highly stable, which stabilizes at 200ns. To experimentally validate the computational model, we cloned and expressed the codon optimized Myb domain into a bacterial expression vector and purified the protein to homogeneity. Further, characterization of the protein shows that, Myb domain is predominantly helical (65%) and is alone sufficient to bind the Sal Box DNA. This is the first-ever study to report a complete in silico model of the Myb domain, which is physically characterized. The above study will pave the way towards solving the atomic structure of this essential mammalian protein.
The structural biology and dynamics of malate dehydrogenases
Authors: Berndsen Christopher E. , Bell Jessica K.
Published: August 2024

Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes catalyze the reversible oxidoreduction of malate to oxaloacetate using NAD(P) as a cofactor. This reaction is vital for metabolism and the exchange of reducing equivalents between cellular compartments. There are more than 100 structures of MDH in the Protein Data Bank, representing species from archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. This conserved family of enzymes shares a common nucleotide-binding domain, substrate-binding domain, and subunits associate to form a dimeric or a tetrameric enzyme. Despite the variety of crystallization conditions and ligands in the experimental structures, the conformation and configuration of MDH are similar. The quaternary structure and active site dynamics account for most conformational differences in the experimental MDH structures. Oligomerization appears essential for activity despite each subunit having a structurally independent active site. There are two dynamic regions within the active site that influence substrate binding and possibly catalysis, with one of these regions adjoining the subunit interface. In this review, we introduce the reader to the general structural framework of MDH highlighting the conservation of certain features and pointing out unique differences that regulate MDH enzyme activity.
Relations Among Multiple Dimensions of Self-Reported Listening Effort in Response to an Auditory Psychomotor Vigilance Task
Authors: Golob Edward J. , Olayo Ricardo C. , Brown Denver M. Y. , Mock Jeffrey R.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Listening effort is a broad construct, and there is no consensus on how to subdivide listening effort into dimensions. This project focuses on the subjective experience of effortful listening and tests if cognitive workload, mental fatigue, and mood are interrelated dimensions.

Method:

Two online studies tested young adults (
n
= 74 and
n
= 195) and measured subjective workload, fatigue (subscales of fatigue and energy), and mood (subscales of positive and negative mood) before and after a challenging listening task. In the listening effort task, participants responded to intermittent 1-kHz target tones in continuous white noise for approximately 12 min.

Results:

Correlations and principal component analysis showed that fatigue and mood were distinct but interrelated constructs that weakly correlated with workload. Effortful listening provoked increased fatigue and decreased energy and positive mood yet did not influence negative mood or workload.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that self-reported listening effort has multiple dimensions that can have different responses to the same effortful listening episode. The results can help guide evidence-based development of clinical listening effort tests and may reveal mechanisms for how listening effort relates to quality of life in those with hearing impairment.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26418976
Contributions of Speech Timing and Articulatory Precision to Listener Perceptions of Intelligibility and Naturalness in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Frankford Saul A. , Estrada Alex , Stepp Cara E.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Parkinson's disease (PD) results in hypokinetic dysarthria in as many as 90% of cases. Among the most distinctive features of hypokinetic dysarthria are atypical timing and articulatory imprecision in speech production. Here, we examined the contributions of perceived speech timing typicality and articulatory precision, both on their own and while controlling for the other, on intelligibility and naturalness in speakers with PD.

Method:

Twenty speakers with PD and four healthy older adults read aloud the first paragraph of the Rainbow Passage. Twenty inexperienced listeners with typical hearing listened to these recordings and rated intelligibility, naturalness, timing typicality, and articulatory precision using separate visual analog scales. Ratings were averaged across listeners and entered into linear regression models with intelligibility and naturalness as dependent variables and timing typicality and articulatory precision as independent variables in each.

Results:

Articulatory precision, but not timing typicality, was positively correlated with intelligibility on its own, but neither was associated with intelligibility after accounting for the other. Both timing typicality and articulatory precision were positively correlated with naturalness on their own as well as after controlling for the other variable.

Conclusion:

These results contribute to the overall understanding of speech factors associated with intelligibility and naturalness in speakers with PD and indicate that considering the unique contributions of related perceptual constructs may provide more information than bivariate relationships alone.
Intelligent Control of Surgical Robot for Telesurgery: An Application to Smart Healthcare Systems
Authors: Sachan Shailu , Shukla Tanmay , Swarnkar Pankaj , Adhikari Apsara
Published: August 2024

Wireless communication network in robotic telesurgery can be a huge advantage to smart healthcare systems that allows the surgeon to perform surgery on remote patients utilizing a surgical robot. It enables the surgical robotic manipulator to replicate the natural hand motions of the surgeon, allowing it to carry out operations with greater acuity and dexterity. This paper addresses the development of an intelligent controller to assure the safe functioning of a telesurgical robotic manipulator. The intelligent optimized, adaptive, and learning‐based adaptive neuro‐fuzzy fractional order sliding mode control (ANFFOSMC) controller is proposed to attain dexterity and acuity of the surgical manipulator for surgical interventions. The proposed controller for telesurgical system exhibits superior accuracy and performance compared to conventional controllers, as evidenced by reduced root mean square error (RMSE), integral squared error (ISE), and integral absolute error (IAE). The performance of the robot is evaluated using performance indices in the occurrence of uncertainties and external disturbances.
Charting the UK's path to net zero emissions by 2050: Challenges, strategies, and future directions
Authors: Shahzad Sulman , Faheem Muhammad , Muqeet Hafiz Abdul , Waseem Muhammad
Published: August 2024

The authors explore the various obstacles and possible approaches that the UK may take to fulfil its goal of having net‐zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The paper thoroughly examines several aspects of this project, such as the modernisation of infrastructure, the energy transition, the economic effects, the obstacles to research and development, changes in behaviour, and the frameworks for policy and regulation. With a 44% decrease from 1990 levels by 2021, it showcases the UK's noteworthy achievement in lowering emissions and its ambitious initiatives, such as the £12 billion Ten Point Plan, to accelerate this development. The difficulties of switching from reliance on fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, their implications for the economy, and the necessity of green technology innovation are all covered in the article. It also discusses the behavioural sides of this shift, highlighting the need to change one's lifestyle and engage the public. To address these issues, the importance of international cooperation and policymaking is emphasised. Insights into potential remedies are provided by the article, which includes energy efficiency initiatives, investments in renewable energy, assistance for clean technology R&D, green funding options, public awareness campaigns, international cooperation, and regulatory frameworks. Every one of these alternatives is examined for possible effects and obstacles. The article concludes that reaching net zero in the UK is a complex but necessary objective that calls for a concerted strategy that strikes a balance between social and economic concerns and environmental sustainability.