bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The peripheral vascular responses in non‐freezing cold injury and matched controls
Authors: Eglin Clare M. , Wright Jennifer , Maley Matthew J. , Hollis Sarah , Massey Heather , Montgomery Hugh , Tipton Michael J.
Published: February 2023

The impact of non‐freezing cold injury (NFCI) on peripheral vascular function was investigated. Individuals with NFCI (NFCI group) and closely matched controls with either similar (COLD group) or limited (CON group) previous cold exposure were compared (n = 16). Peripheral cutaneous vascular responses to deep inspiration (DI), occlusion (PORH), local cutaneous heating (LH) and iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were investigated. The responses to a cold sensitivity test (CST) involving immersion of a foot in 15°C water for 2 min followed by spontaneous rewarming, and a foot cooling protocol (footplate cooled from 34°C to 15°C), were also examined. The vasoconstrictor response to DI was lower in NFCI compared to CON (toe: 73 (28)% vs. 91 (17)%; P = 0.003). The responses to PORH, LH and iontophoresis were not reduced compared to either COLD or CON. During the CST, toe skin temperature rewarmed more slowly in NFCI than COLD or CON (10 min: 27.4 (2.3)°C vs. 30.7 (3.7)°C and 31.7 (3.9)°C, P < 0.05, respectively); however, no differences were observed during the footplate cooling. NFCI were more cold‐intolerant (P < 0.0001) and reported colder and more uncomfortable feet during the CST and footplate cooling than COLD and CON (P < 0.05). NFCI showed a decreased sensitivity to sympathetic vasoconstrictor activation than CON and greater cold sensitivity (CST) compared to COLD and CON. None of the other vascular function tests indicated endothelial dysfunction. However, NFCI perceived their extremities to be colder and more uncomfortable/painful than the controls.
Optimization of the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Wave Energy Converter in an Integrated Cylindrical Wave Energy Converter-Type Breakwater System
Authors: Ding Haoyu , Zang Jun , Jin Peng , Ning Dezhi , Zhao Xuanlie , Liu Yingyi , Blenkinsopp Chris , Chen Qiang
Published: February 2023

Wave energy converters (WECs) are built to extract wave energy. However, this kind of device is still expensive for commercial utilization. To cut down the cost of WECs by sharing the construction cost with breakwaters, an integrated cylindrical WEC-type breakwater system that includes a cylindrical WEC array in front of a very long breakwater is proposed to extract wave energy and attenuate incident waves. This paper aims to optimize the performance of the integrated cylindrical WEC-type breakwater system. A computational fluid dynamics tool, openfoam®, and a potential flow theory-based solver, HAMS®, are utilized. openfoam® provides viscosity corrections to a modified version of HAMS® in order to accurately and efficiently predict the integrated system’s performance. Parametric studies are conducted to optimize the integrated system, and a novel setup with an extra arc structure is found to significantly improve the performance of the integrated system.
Influence of Free Water Droplets on Film Formation Under Point Contact Grease Lubrication
Authors: Han Yiming , Sperka Petr , Wang Jing , Krupka Ivan , Hartl Martin , Li Weimin , Wang Xiaobo , Liu Weimin
Published: February 2023

The influence of the grease-water two-phase emulsion on the bearing tracks on the film formation has been studied by carrying out optical interferometry experiments on a ball disk test rig to observe the dynamic film-forming behavior of lubricating grease under steady-state and micro-oscillation conditions. It is found that free water causes a brief rise in the grease film under steady-state conditions, specifically due to the grease-water phase connecting the oil reservoirs on both sides. The experiment determines that the state of the phase before entering the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) contact is water-in-oil. For the reciprocating motion and oscillation, the effects of the amount of free water and the length of the motion stroke are discussed in detail. It is found that for reciprocating movements with long stroke lengths, the effect of free water is summarized to enhance the fluidity of the fibrous mass of the grease thickener in the first few cycles of the movement. For shorter stroke lengths, the effect of free water is a scouring effect on the contact zone grease after 100 cycles. This paper provides new insights into the effects that cause water pollution to the point of contact lubrication during the transformation from reciprocating motion to fretting.
Unusual vasovagal-type autonomic dysfunction secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Danley Kelsey , Fidler Mary Jo , Sadaf Aliyah , Okwuosa Tochukwu M
Published: February 2023

We present the case of a patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with the programmed death ligand inhibitor, pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor. She subsequently developed vasovagal-type autonomic dysfunction thought to be secondary to the pembrolizumab. The patient’s vasovagal symptoms resolved with the initiation of oral glucocorticoids.
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a patient treated with trastuzumab-deruxtecan
Authors: Mallah Haneen , Altshuler Ellery , Ramnaraign Brian , Khawaja Ali
Published: February 2023

Trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a novel antibody drug conjugate that has improved treatment outcomes in patients with ERBB2-positive cancer, including locally advanced or metastatic gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. One of the reported side effects of this medication is drug-induced pneumonitis. We present in this case report, a diagnostic dilemma of a patient presenting with clinical and radiographical features of drug-induced pneumonitis but was found to have pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). Our case is the first of PJP in a patient treated with T-DXd, highlighting the increasing incidence of this opportunistic infection in patients with solid malignancy. It also highlights the clinical and radiographical similarities between the PJP and drug-induced pneumonitis.
Synchronous multicentric giant cell tumour of immature skeleton with epiphysiometaphyseal origin
Authors: Yadav Sandeep Kumar , Kantiwal Prabodh , Rajnish Rajesh Kumar , Garg Ashish , Aggarwal Divya
Published: February 2023

Giant cell tumour of bone accounts for 5% of all primary bone tumours. Multicentric giant cell tumour is an infrequent variety be it either synchronous or metachronous accounting for less than 1% of all giant cell tumours. Synchronous multicentric giant cell tumour of foot and ankle with epiphysiometaphyseal origin is unheard of. We delineate a case of soap-bubble appearance lytic lesions at left distal tibia and talus in an early adolescent woman with biopsy proven giant cell tumour for its rarity and its successful management by extended curettage and allogenic impaction bone grafting.
Examining the levels of psychological support available to patients with haematological cancer in England: a mixed methods study
Authors: Brett Jo , Henshall Catherine , Dawson Paul , Collins Graham P , Ehlers Anke , Mitchell-Floyd Tracy , Aspinall Anya , Gilmour-Hamilton Catriona , Robinson Kate , Watson Eila
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The psychological impact of a haematological malignancy is well documented. However, few studies have assessed the provision of psychological support to people with these diagnoses. This study explores the extent and nature of psychological support for people diagnosed with haematological cancer to inform future service provision.

Design

This study consisted of an online survey with healthcare professionals (phase 1) and qualitative interviews with patients (phase 2) and key health professionals (phase 3). A descriptive analysis of survey data and thematic analysis of interviews were conducted.

Participants

Two hundred health professionals practising in England completed the survey. Twenty-five interviews were conducted with people diagnosed with haematological cancer in the past 3 years, and 10 with key health professionals, including haematologists, cancer nurse specialists and psychologists were conducted.

Primary outcome measures

Level of psychological assessment undertaken with people with haematological cancer, and level and nature of psychological support provided.

Results

Less than half (47.3%) of survey respondents strongly agreed/agreed that their patients were well supported in terms of their psychological well-being and approximately half (49.4%) reported providing routine assessment of psychological needs of patients, most commonly at the time of diagnosis or relapse. Patients described their need for psychological support, their experiences of support from health professionals and their experiences of support from psychological therapy services. There was considerable variation in the support patients described receiving. Barriers to providing psychological support reported by health professionals included time, skills, resources and patient barriers. Most doctors (85%) and 40% of nurse respondents reported receiving no training for assessing and managing psychological needs.

Conclusions

Psychological well-being should be routinely assessed, and person-centred support should be offered regularly throughout the haematological cancer journey. Greater provision of healthcare professional training in this area and better integration of psychological support services into the patient care pathway are required.
Effects of a structured Tai Chi program on improving physical activity levels, exercise self-efficacy and health outcomes among pregnant women: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ma Nan , Chau Janita Pak Chun , Deng Yongfang , Choi Kai Chow
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Tai Chi is a traditional Chinese martial art developed over 300 years ago. Although studies report that Tai Chi benefits practitioners’ cardiovascular health, respiratory system and psychological outcomes, only limited studies have evaluated the effects of Tai Chi on pregnant women. More evidence is needed to examine the effects of a Tai Chi exercise programme among pregnant women.

Methods and analysis

This is a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effects of a 12-week theory-based Tai Chi programme on improving physical activity levels, exercise self-efficacy and health outcomes among pregnant women. A total of 136 low-risk pregnant women (68 per group) were recruited and randomly assigned to receive usual care or usual care with the Tai Chi programme consisting of two group-based educational sessions and three Tai Chi sessions over 3 months. A Tai Chi video was provided to the participants to facilitate self-practice at home. Outcomes including physical activity levels, exercise self-efficacy, weight gain, prenatal depressive symptoms and prenatal anxiety symptoms were evaluated at baseline (T0), 6th week after intervention commencement (T1) and 1 week after intervention completion (ie, post-intervention) (T2). Intention-to-treat analysis and generalised estimating equations model will be used to analyse repeated outcome measures.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Ref. 2022.043-T). Written consent was obtained from each participant. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2200059920.
Listening effort and downstream effects due to hearing loss in children and young people: an online quantitative questionnaire-based observational study
Authors: Shields Callum Andrew , Sladen Mark , Rajai Azita , Guest Hannah , Bruce Iain , Kluk Karolina , Nichani Jaya
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The clinical application of listening effort (LE) is challenging due to the lack of consensus regarding measuring the concept. Correlational analysis between different measuring instruments shows conditional and weak relationships, indicating they capture different dimensions of LE. Current research has suggested possible links between LE and downstream consequences such as fatigue, stress and confidence. One way to clinically measure LE would be to focus on its corollaries. Further research is needed to explore whether tools used to measure these downstream effects can be applied to capture LE. This study explores using existing questionnaire-based outcome instruments to evaluate LE and its associated consequences in children and young people (CYP), with and without hearing loss.

Methods and analysis

One hundred CYP aged 12–17 years with normal hearing and a range of hearing loss levels will be invited to complete a series of online questionnaires (Speech, Spatial and Qualities, Vanderbilt Fatigue Scale–Child, Perceived Stress Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and a hearing test (Digits in Noise). They will complete the questionnaires at two time points (1) at the end of arestday and (2) at the end of aworkday. Standard demographic and hearing health information will be collected. The sample size was determined pragmatically due to a lack of comparable published data to power the study. Tests are exploratory and for generating hypotheses; therefore, the standard criterion of p<0.05 will be used.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been reviewed within the funding organisation (Cochlear Research and Development Limited) by an independent and relevant peer reviewer/committee. This study has had a favourable ethics committee review by both NHS ethics and University of Manchester ethics. The study will be disseminated through newsletters, publication and presentations at conferences. The results will be made available to participants on request.
Safety and efficacy of autologous and allogeneic humanized CD19-targeted CAR-T cell therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL
Authors: Song Fengmei , Hu Yongxian , Zhang Yanlei , Zhang Mingming , Yang Tingting , Wu Wenjun , Huang Simao , Xu Huijun , Chang Alex H , Huang He , Wei Guoqing
Published: February 2023

Background

Murine chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has demonstrated clinical benefit in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, the potential immunogenicity of the murine single-chain variable fragment domain may limit the persistence of CAR-T cell, leading to relapse.

Methods

We performed a clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of autologous and allogeneic humanized CD19-targeted CAR-T cell (hCART19) for R/R B-ALL. Fifty-eight patients (aged 13–74 years) were enrolled and treated between February 2020 and March 2022. The endpoints were complete remission (CR) rate, overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and safety.

Results

Overall, 93.1% (54/58) of patients achieved CR or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) by day 28, with 53 patients having minimal residual disease negativity. With a median follow-up of 13.5 months, the estimated 1-year OS and EFS were 73.6% (95% CI 62.1% to 87.4%) and 46.0% (95% CI 33.7% to 62.8%), with a median OS and EFS of 21.5 months and 9.5 months, respectively. No significant increase in human antimouse antibodies was observed following infusion (p=0.78). Duration of B-cell aplasia in the blood was observed for as long as 616 days, which was longer than that in our prior mCART19 trial. All toxicities were reversible, including severe cytokine release syndrome, which developed in 36% (21/58) of patients and severe neurotoxicity, which developed in 5% (3/58) of patients. Compared with our prior mCART19 trial, patients treated with hCART19 had longer EFS without increased toxicity. Additionally, our data also suggest that patients treated with consolidation therapy, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or CD22-targeted CAR-T cell, following hCART19 therapy had a longer EFS than those without consolidation therapy.

Conclusion

hCART19 has good short-term efficacy and manageable toxicity in R/R B-ALL patients.

Trial registration number

NCT04532268.
Outpatient neurology diagnostic coding: a proposed scheme for standardised implementation
Authors: Biggin Fran , Knight Jo , Dayanandan Rejith , Marson Anthony , Wilson Martin , Nitkunan Arani , Rog David , Kipps Christopher , Mummery Catherine , Williams Adrian , Emsley Hedley C A
Published: February 2023

Clinical coding uses a classification system to assign standard codes to clinical terms and so facilitates good clinical practice through audit, service design and research. However, despite clinical coding being mandatory for inpatient activity, this is often not so for outpatient services, where most neurological care is delivered. Recent reports by the UK National Neurosciences Advisory Group and NHS England’s ‘Getting It Right First Time’ initiative recommend implementing outpatient coding. The UK currently has no standardised system for outpatient neurology diagnostic coding. However, most new attendances at general neurology clinics appear to be classifiable with a limited number of diagnostic terms. We present the rationale for diagnostic coding and its benefits, and the need for clinical engagement to develop a system that is pragmatic, quick and easy to use. We outline a scheme developed in the UK that could be used elsewhere.
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease
Authors: Kwan Jia Rui , Moy Wai Lun , Narasimhalu Kaavya , Yong Kok Pin
Published: February 2023

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease is a rare genetic condition, previously diagnosed only at postmortem, but its characteristic radiological features now allow its diagnosis in life. The clinical presentation is variable and we hope this case report will raise awareness of this condition.
Topological data analysis identifies molecular phenotypes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Shapanis Andrew , Jones Mark G , Schofield James , Skipp Paul
Published: February 2023

Background

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating, progressive disease with a median survival time of 3–5 years. Diagnosis remains challenging and disease progression varies greatly, suggesting the possibility of distinct subphenotypes.

Methods and results

We analysed publicly available peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression datasets for 219 IPF, 411 asthma, 362 tuberculosis, 151 healthy, 92 HIV and 83 other disease samples, totalling 1318 patients. We integrated the datasets and split them into train (n=871) and test (n=477) cohorts to investigate the utility of a machine learning model (support vector machine) for predicting IPF. A panel of 44 genes predicted IPF in a background of healthy, tuberculosis, HIV and asthma with an area under the curve of 0.9464, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.865 and a specificity of 0.89. We then applied topological data analysis to investigate the possibility of subphenotypes within IPF. We identified five molecular subphenotypes of IPF, one of which corresponded to a phenotype enriched for death/transplant. The subphenotypes were molecularly characterised using bioinformatic and pathway analysis tools identifying distinct subphenotype features including one which suggests an extrapulmonary or systemic fibrotic disease.

Conclusions

Integration of multiple datasets, from the same tissue, enabled the development of a model to accurately predict IPF using a panel of 44 genes. Furthermore, topological data analysis identified distinct subphenotypes of patients with IPF which were defined by differences in molecular pathobiology and clinical characteristics.
An O(log(N)) Algorithm View: Reliability Evaluation of Folded-crossed Hypercube in Terms of h-extra Edge-connectivity
Authors: Qiao Hengji , Zhang Mingzu , Ma Wenhuan , Yang Xing
Published: February 2023

An interconnection network can be modelled as a connected graph [Formula: see text]. The reliability of interconnection networks is critical for multiprocessor systems. Several conditional edge-connectivities have been introduced in the past for accurately reflecting various realistic network situations, with the [Formula: see text]-extra edge-connectivity being one such conditional edge-connectivity. The [Formula: see text]-extra edge-connectivity of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the minimum cardinality of faulty edges whose deletion disconnects the graph [Formula: see text] with each resulting component containing at least [Formula: see text] processors. In general, for a connected graph [Formula: see text], determining whether the graph exists an [Formula: see text]-extra edge-cut is [Formula: see text]-hard. The folded-crossed hypercube [Formula: see text] is a variation of the crossed hypercube [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] processors. In this paper, after excavating the layer structure of folded-crossed hypercube, we investigate some recursive properties of [Formula: see text], based on some recursive properties, an effective [Formula: see text] algorithm of [Formula: see text]-extra edge-connectivity of folded-crossed hypercube is designed, which can determine the exact value and the [Formula: see text]-optimality of [Formula: see text] for each positive integer [Formula: see text]. Our results solve this problem thoroughly.
Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Common Cold: Evidence and Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Wu Shengxian , Su Wenquan , Fan Qinhua , Shang Hongcai , Xiao Wei , Wang Yongyan
Published: February 2023

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a history of over 2000 years in treating infectious diseases, among which the clinical treatment of the common cold (colds) and influenza (flu) is the most widespread and well-established. It is difficult to tell the difference between a cold and the flu based on the symptoms alone. The flu vaccine protects against influenza, but there is no vaccine or specific medication to protect against the common cold. Due to the lack of a reliable scientific basis, TCM has not received sufficient attention in Western medicine. Therefore, we systematically evaluated the scientific evidence proving the efficacy of TCM intervention in treating colds for the first time by examining theoretical principles, clinical research, and pharmacological perspectives, as well as the mechanisms behind this efficacy. In TCM theory, there are four important external environmental factors that may cause a cold, which are called “cold, heat, dryness, and dampness”. The scientific basis for this theory has been described and will help researchers to understand and recognize its importance. The results of the systematic review of high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) have shown that TCM is effective and safe for the treatment of colds. Therefore, TCM might be used as a complementary or alternative approach to cold treatment and management. Some clinical trials have demonstrated that TCM may have potential therapeutic effects in preventing colds and treating their sequelae. However, more high-quality, large-scale randomized controlled trials should be conducted in the future for further verification. Pharmacological studies have shown that active ingredients extracted from TCM for treating colds have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immune-regulating, and anti-oxidative properties. We expect that this review will guide the optimization and rationalization of TCM clinical practice and scientific research in the treatment of colds.
On dynamical behavior for approximate solutions sustained by nonlinear fractional damped Burger and Sharma–Tasso–Olver equation
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Prasad Raj Shekhar
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we study a nonlinear fractional Damped Burger and Sharma–Tasso–Olver equation using a new novel technique, called homotopy perturbation transform method (FHPTM). There are three examples used to demonstrate and validate the proposed algorithm’s efficiency. This nonlinear model depicts nonlinear wave processes in fluid dynamics, ecology, solid-state physics, shallow-water wave propagation, optical fibers, fluid mechanics, plasma physics, and other applied science, engineering, and mathematical physics disciplines, as well as other phenomena. Numerous algebraic properties of the fractional derivative Caputo–Fabrizio operator are illustrated concerning the Laplace transformation to demonstrate their utility. Different graphs and tables compare the results obtained by R. Nawaz et al. [Alex. Eng. J. 60, 3205 (2021)] and M. S. Rawashdeh [Appl. Math. Inform. Sci. 9, 1239 (2015)]. The proposed scheme accelerates the convergence of the series solution and guarantees the convergence associated with the homotopy parameter. Furthermore, the physical nature of various fractional orders has been captured in plots. The obtained results demonstrate that the employed solution procedure is dependable and methodical in investigating the behaviors of nonlinear models of both integer and fractional orders.
Nanofluid flowing over a rotating disk that is stretching and permeable: An unsteady model
Authors: Puneeth V. , Aly Emad H. , Pop Ioan
Published: February 2023

The model presented in this paper deals with the investigation of the unsteady laminar flow past a stretchable disk. The nanofluids Al2O3/H2O and Cu/H2O are considered for the analysis where the thermal characteristics and flow behavior of these nanofluids are compared. In addition, the system is subjected to the suction force that has significant impacts on velocity of the nanofluid flow. Further, the nanoparticle solid volume fraction is another important parameter that is discussed which has a prominent role on both profiles of the nanofluid. Furthermore, the investigated mathematical model is framed using PDEs that are transformed to ODEs using suitable transformations. The system of equations obtained in this regard is solved by employing the RKF-45 numerical method where the results are obtained in the form of graphs. Various nanofluids flow parameters arise in the study and the impact of all these parameters has been analyzed and interpreted. Some of the major outcomes are that the higher values of nanoparticle solid volume fraction enhance the temperature while it decreases velocity of the flow. The comparison of flow of the two nanofluids concluded that alumina–water nanofluid has a better velocity while the copper–water nanofluid has a better thermal conductivity.
Analysis of solidification and physical behavior of nanomaterial during unsteady process
Authors: Melaibari Ammar A. , AlQemlas Turki , Abu-Hamdeh Nidal H. , Saad Hosam A. , Hussin Amira M.
Published: February 2023

Alumina nanoparticles with various shapes have been loaded into water to accelerate the freezing phenomena within closed cavity. The mathematical model contains unsteady conduction equation in the existence of unsteady source terms for phase changing. In this model, three properties of NEPCM are involved and for calculating those parameters, single phase approximation has been utilized. By using FEM, outputs for impact of shape and volume of nanoparticles have been reported. Also, the method was verified by comparing the outputs with the previous data. Increasing the volume of nanoparticles to twice the range makes the needed time decrease by about 13.82%. When [Formula: see text], replacing nanoparticles with [Formula: see text] instead of [Formula: see text] makes freezing time decrease by about 3.92%.
Zero-refractive-index waveguide by using layered structures
Authors: Gu Tingwei , Jiang Chun
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we proposed a layered structure composed of two kinds of materials. The interface of this structure has zero-refractive-index (ZRI) frequencies in near-infrared regime at which the relative dielectric constant or permeability is zero. We analyze the dispersion relation of various materials, design a layered structure, and explore the possibility of realizing ZRI by using metal and two-dimensional materials. The results show that at the interface between borophene and chromium film (BP-Cr) there are ZRI points in a large range from visible to near-infrared. On this basis, the third-order nonlinear effects of two-layer structure based on BP-Cr are examined. The particularity of the ZRI-frequency point of the structure meets phase matching very well, which greatly enhances the intensity of the third-harmonic generation. It is also 10–100 times that of silicon under the same conditions, indicating that Bp-Cr combination will have a potential application prospect in nonlinear optical field.
Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of WOrk-Related Questionnaire for UPper Extremity Disorders (WORQ-UP)
Authors: SHARIYATE Mohammad Javad , BEUMER Annechien , KACHOOEI Amir R.
Published: February 2023

Background: We aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the WOrk-Related Questionnaire for UPper extremity disorders (WORQ-UP) questionnaire in a working population with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders.

Methods: We enrolled 181 patients with upper extremity conditions to complete the Persian WORQ-UP. A total of 35 patients returned after 1 week to complete the questionnaire again. To test the construct validity, patients responded to the Persian Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (Quick-DASH) at the first visit. The correlation between Quick-DASH and the WORQ-UP was assessed using Spearman correlation coefficient. Internal consistency (IC) was tested using Cronbach’s alpha, and test–retest reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results: Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.630 (p < 0.001), indicating a strong correlation between Quick-DASH and WORQ-UP. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.970, which is considered excellent. ICC for the total score of the Persian WORQ-UP was 0.852 (0.691–0.927), indicating good to excellent reliability.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the Persian version of the WORQ-UP questionnaire has excellent reliability and IC. Construct validity showed a moderate to strong correlation between WORQ-UP and Quick-DASH, which provides a platform for the workers’ population to assess the extent of disability and follow the progress along the treatment course.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Diagnostic)
The Aesthetic Outcomes of Fingertip Amputation Are Better with Proximal Nail Fold Recession
Authors: SAMANTARAY Srikant Aruna , KALATHINGAL Kader , MUHAMMED Hafiz
Published: February 2023

Background: There are numerous flaps described for the treatment of fingertip amputation. Most flaps do not address the shortened nail resulting from amputation. Proximal nail fold (PNF) recession is a simple procedure that exposes the hidden portion of the nail and improves the aesthetic appearance of an amputated fingertip. The aim of this study is to measure the size and aesthetic outcomes of the nail following fingertip amputation in patients treated with PNF recession compared to those treated without PNF recession.

Methods: This study was conducted between April 2016 and June 2020 and included patients with a digital-tip amputation who underwent a local flap or shortening closure for reconstruction. All suitable patients were counselled for PNF recession. In addition to demographic, injury and treatment data, the length and area of the nail were measured. The outcomes were assessed at a minimum of 1 year after surgery and included measurement of the size of the nail, patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcomes. A comparison of the outcomes was done between patients who underwent PNF recession versus those who did not.

Results: Out of 165 patients treated for fingertip injury, 78 underwent PNF recession (Group A) and 87 did not undergo PNF recession (Group B). In Group A, the nail length was 72.54% (SD: 14.4) and the nail plate area was 74.35% (SD: 13.96) compared to the contralateral uninjured nail. These results were significantly better (p = 0.000) compared to Group B where the values were 36.49% (SD: 8.45) and 35.8% (SD: 8.4), respectively. The patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcome scores were also significantly higher in Group A patients (p = 0.002).

Conclusions: The size and aesthetic outcomes of the nail following fingertip amputation in patients treated with PNF recession are better compared to those treated without PNF recession.

Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Intraosseous Schwannoma of the Distal Phalanx
Authors: WADA Shuntaro , SATO Kotaro , MIMATA Yoshikuni , DOITA Minoru
Published: February 2023

Intraosseous schwannomas are extremely rare and only a few cases involving the proximal phalanx and metacarpal of the hand have been reported. We report a patient with an intraosseous schwannoma of the distal phalanx. Radiographs showed lytic lesions in the bony cortex and enlarged soft shadows of the distal phalanx. The lesion was hyperintense to fat on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and strongly enhanced after gadolinium (Gd) administration. Surgical findings revealed that the tumour had developed from the palmar side of the distal phalanx and the medullary cavity was filled with a yellow tumour. The histological diagnosis was schwannoma. A definitive diagnosis of intraosseous schwannoma using radiography is difficult. In our case, a high signal was observed on Gd-enhanced MRI and histological findings showed areas with a high cellular area. Thus, Gd-enhanced MRI may help in the diagnosis of intraosseous schwannomas of the hand.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
NE Canada Rifted Margin Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Baffin Bay, Davis Strait and Labrador Sea
Authors: Abdelmalak M. Mansour , Polteau Stéphane , Planke Sverre , Faleide Jan Inge , Lebedeva-Ivanova Nina , Myklebust Reidun
Published: February 2023

The NE Canada Rifted Margin (NCRM) Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (CTSE) developed during a long and complex history that produced two tectono-sedimentary elements (TSEs): (1) the pre-rift TSE of pre-Cretaceous age; and (2) the synrift TSE of Early Cretaceous–Paleocene age. The pre-rift TSE includes the oldest and most poorly known offshore sedimentary accumulations that mainly evolved in a cratonic setting. In contrast, Cretaceous–lower Paleocene sedimentary basins of the synrift TSE are known from several wells, seismic data, outcrops and seabed samples, and their extent and distribution are mapped in most parts of the margin. The synrift TSE is the most prospective part of the margin, and hydrocarbon shows have been documented in some wells and offshore seeps studies. This review provides insights into the Paleozoic–Cenozoic evolution of the NE Canada rifted margin in the Labrador Sea, Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. In this context, we discuss structural inheritance and rift development, and account for confirmed and potential hydrocarbon systems and plays.
Stability analysis and long-term behaviour of deep tunnels in clay formations
Authors: Dizier Arnaud , Scibetta Marc , Armand Gilles , Zghondi Jad , Georgieva Temenuga , Chen Guangjing , Verstricht Jan , Li Xiangling , Léonard Didier , Levasseur Severine
Published: February 2023

Demonstrating the feasibility of constructing tunnels in deep clay formations is an important goal of the Belgian RD&D programme on the geological disposal of radioactive waste. In 2002 a major achievement was reached when the HADES Underground Research Laboratory (URL) in Boom Clay was extended with the construction of the Connecting Gallery. This demonstrated that it is feasible to construct galleries in poorly indurated clays using industrial techniques. To monitor the mechanical behaviour of the gallery and assess its stability, strain gauges were embedded in the segmental gallery lining and prisms were installed on the segments. These sensors provide valuable information that will support the design of future galleries. This paper presents 20 years of monitoring data in the Connecting Gallery and a first analysis of these data in terms of Boom Clay behaviour. In addition, the key findings are compared with those of a similar analysis performed by Andra (the French Radioactive Waste Agency) at the Meuse/Haute-Marne URL. The latter URL is excavated in the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone. The comparison identifies general trends and highlights similarities between the behaviour of tunnels in poorly indurated clay (Boom Clay) and in claystone.
Algorithmic Color Methods of Media Arts
Authors: Bendito Petronio
Published: February 2023

The paper describes a framework for systematically exploring the RGB color model (RGB color cube) for generating color palettes based on six algorithmic methods divided into two categories: Primitive and Derivative. The Primitive method is comprised of the RGB Linear method, the RGB Planar method, and the RGB Cuboid method. The Derivative method includes the RGB Multi-Linear method, the RGB Multi-Planar method, and the RGB Multi-Cuboid method. On a practical level, the goal of the paper is to introduce a systems approach to the notion of creating and applying algorithms to create a variety of color combinations and palettes in the field of Media Arts. The framework was implemented as a color design approach to the process of producing color palettes in the context of Media Arts while exploring the intersection of mathematical principles of geometry, color, and code. An investigation was conducted into how algorithmic color palettes generated from the methods correlate to culture, history, and other artistic practices. An application of the methodology and a discussion about how the framework can continue to evolve and be applied to other research areas and fields of applications, such as digital color literacy education, are presented.
Optimizing Comprehensive Cost of Charger Deployment in Multi-hop Wireless Charging
Authors: Wu Sixu , Xu Lijie , Dai Haipeng , Liu Linfeng , Xiao Fu , Xu Jia
Published: February 2023

The multi-hop wireless charging technology has attracted a lot of attention, as it largely extends the charging range of chargers. Different from the existing work with single cost optimization, the objective of this article is to optimize the comprehensive cost, which is the combination of energy cost and deployment cost. We decompose the target problem into two sub-problems. The first sub-problem aims to minimize the deployment cost with energy capacity constraints. The proposed algorithm follows the greedy strategy, where the subset of sensor nodes for any charger is determined by finding the capacitated minimum spanning tree. The second sub-problem, which aims to maximize the reduction of comprehensive cost by adding chargers to the solution of the first sub-problem, is proved to be an unconstrained submodular set function maximization problem and can be solved by a 1/2-approximation randomized linear time algorithm for its equivalent problem. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed solution can reduce the comprehensive cost by 57.55% comparing with the benchmark algorithms.
Energy Optimized Task Mapping for Reliable and Real-Time Networked Systems
Authors: Mo Lei , Zhou Qi , Kritikakou Angeliki , Cao Xianghui
Published: February 2023

Energy efficiency, real-time response, and data transmission reliability are important objectives during networked systems design. This paper aims to develop an efficient task mapping scheme to balance these important but conflicting objectives. To achieve this goal, tasks are triplicated to enhance reliability and mapped on the wireless nodes of the networked systems with
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS)
capabilities to reduce energy consumption while still meeting real-time constraints. Our contributions include the mathematical formulation of this task mapping problem as mixed-integer programming that balances node energy consumption, enhancing data reliability, under real-time and energy constraints. Compared with the
State-of-the-Art (SoA)
, a joint-design problem is considered in this paper, where DVFS, task triplication, task allocation, and task scheduling are optimized concurrently. To find the optimal solution, the original problem is linearized, and a decomposition-based method is proposed. The optimality of the proposed method is proved rigorously. Furthermore, a heuristic based on the greedy algorithm is designed to reduce the computation time. The proposed methods are evaluated and compared through a series of simulations. The results show that the proposed triplication-based task mapping method on average achieves 24.84% runtime reduction and 28.62% energy saving compared to the SoA methods.
Subject-adaptive Loose-fitting Smart Garment Platform for Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Lin Qi , Peng Shuhua , Wu Yuezhong , Liu Jun , Jia Hong , Hu Wen , Hassan Mahbub , Seneviratne Aruna , Wang Chun H.
Published: February 2023

The ability to recognize and detect changes in human posture is important in a wide range of applications such as health care and human–computer interaction. Achieving this goal using loose-fit garments instrumented with sensors is particularly challenging, due to the complex interaction between garments and human body. Herein we present a method to detect and recognize human posture with casual loose-fitting smart garments integrated with highly sensitive, stretchable, optical transparent, and low-cost strain sensors. By attaching these sensors to an off-the-shelf casual jacket, we developed a smart loose-fitting sensing garment that enables posture recognition using a deep learning model, domain-adaptive Convolutional Neural Networks–Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM). This deep learning model overcame the noise and variation due to the complex interaction between loose-fitting garments and human body. Considering that users’ labeled data are usually not available in the training stage, an additional domain discriminator path on the conventional CNN-LSTM model has been introduced to further improve the adaptability. To evaluate the potential of this loose-fitting smart garment, three case studies were conducted under realistic conditions: recognitions of human activities, stationary postures with random hand movements and slouch. Our results demonstrate the potential of the proposed smart garment system for practical applications.
Effects of the Shock Wave Structure on the Tip Clearance Leakage Flow in Transonic Compressor Rotors
Authors: Ye Xinlong , Zhou Zhenggui
Published: February 2023

The interaction between shock waves and the tip clearance flow in a transonic compressor rotor has important effects on the tip clearance flow and the rotor aerodynamic performance. In this paper, two transonic rotors with a high pressure ratio are selected to study the tip flow, one of which has one normal shock wave at the blade tip and the other has two shock waves (an oblique shock wave and a normal shock wave) at the tip. The two rotors have the same meridional flow channel, design point flow rate, pressure ratio, and rotation speed to focus on the influence caused by the effect of the shock wave structure. The numerical results for the flow fields show the following conclusions. The strength of the two shock waves at the blade tip is weaker than that of one normal shock, and the former two shock waves are less stable than the latter. Therefore, with increasing tip clearance, the efficiency, pressure ratio, and stall margin of the rotor with the two shock waves decrease more rapidly. The static pressure difference between the pressure and suction sides of the tip clearance is the only driving factor of the tip clearance leakage flow, and the leakage flow depends on the local pressure difference and the secondary leakage caused by adjacent blades. The movement speed of the annular wall is less than that of the leakage flow, which has a minor blocking effect on the tip clearance leakage flow. The change in tip clearance has little effect on the chordal distribution of the static pressure difference and leakage flow rate per unit area, so the total leakage flow varies linearly with the tip clearance size.
Application of Intraoperative Electromyography Intelligent Monitoring in Orthopedic Surgery under General Anesthesia
Authors: Zhang Mingmin , Duan Junfeng , Chen Yanchun , Zhang Chunyu
Published: February 2023

To study the application of intraoperative EMG intelligent monitoring in orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia, a total of 53 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery from February 2021 to February 2022 were selected. The combined monitoring of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), motor evoked potential (MEP), and electromyography (EMG) was used to analyze the monitoring efficiency. In 38 of the 53 patients, the intraoperative signal was normal, and there was no postoperative neurological dysfunction; one case had abnormal signal, and the abnormality still existed after debugging, but no obvious neurological dysfunction was found after operation; the remaining 14 cases had abnormal signal. There were 13 early warnings in SEP monitoring; 12 early warnings in MEP monitoring; 10 early warnings in EMG monitoring. There were 15 cases of early warning in the joint monitoring of the three, and the sensitivity of the combined monitoring of SEP + MEP + EMG was significantly higher than that of the single monitoring of SEP, MEP, and EMG

p
<
0.05

. There was no significant difference in specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value between combined monitoring and single monitoring

p
>
0.05

. The combined monitoring of EMG, MEP, and SEP in orthopedic surgery can significantly improve the safety of surgery, its sensitivity and negative predictive value were significantly higher than the monitoring effects of the two alone.
Ethnopharmacological Potential of Phytochemicals and Phytogenic Products against Human RNA Viral Diseases as Preventive Therapeutics
Authors: Paul Anamika , Chakraborty Nilanjan , Sarkar Anik , Acharya Krishnendu , Ranjan Anuj , Chauhan Abhishek , Srivastava Shilpi , Singh Akhilesh Kumar , Rai Ashutosh Kumar , Mubeen Iqra , Prasad Ram
Published: February 2023

RNA viruses have been the most destructive due to their transmissibility and lack of control measures. Developments of vaccines for RNA viruses are very tough or almost impossible as viruses are highly mutable. For the last few decades, most of the epidemic and pandemic viral diseases have wreaked huge devastation with innumerable fatalities. To combat this threat to mankind, plant‐derived novel antiviral products may contribute as reliable alternatives. They are assumed to be nontoxic, less hazardous, and safe compounds that have been in uses in the beginning of human civilization. In this growing COVID‐19 pandemic, the present review amalgamates and depicts the role of various plant products in curing viral diseases in humans.