bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vascular plants of the Médanos de Samalayuca natural protected area, Chihuahua, Mexico
Authors: De León-Pesqueira Laura , Gatica-Colima Ana Bertha , González-Elizondo M. Socorro
Published: December 2023

Background: Inland sand dunes are expanding and increasing mobility. Knowledge on the plants growing on them is keystone for their management. One of the largest inland dune systems in Mexico is the Médanos de Samalayuca area.
Questions: How many and which species of vascular plants are in Samalayuca? Which is the distribution pattern of that flora? Are there endemisms? Are there species of conservation concern?
Studied species: Vascular plants.
Study site and dates: Médanos de Samalayuca protected area, northern Chihuahua, Mexico; 2017-2022.
Methods: A database was generated based on literature, electronic sources, herbarium specimens, photographing, and collection and identification of materials. Distribution, endemism level and conservation status were recorded.
Results: The updated checklist of vascular plants for Samalayuca includes 400 species of 246 genera and 65 families. Most species grow in Mixed desert scrub and in Sand dune vegetation. Almost a half are restricted to the Megamexico 1 region, followed by the North American element. One species is Threatened according to the Mexican Official Norm NOM-059, while two are Vulnerable and one is Almost threatened according to the IUCN. Ribes fontinale appears to be extinct.
Conclusions: Considering the arid, extreme climate and the low stability of the psammophilous vegetation, the flora of Samalayuca is richer than expected. The area is home to regional and local endemics. The data and information generated here is baseline for further management programs and action planning to protect these fragile ecosystems and the adjacent communities.
Road safety inspections: Basic principles
Authors: Carlo Polidori
Published: December 2023

Some European Union Directives which were implemented by the various Member States, have established the fundamental guidelines for safety inspections of road infrastructures, according to the principle of the independence of the inspectors with respect to both the owner of the infrastructure and of its manager. This article addresses the practical implementation of the guidelines based on some inspections carried out on motorway sections in Italy.
Diagnostic potential of plasma CD30(+) small extracellular vesicles in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Katsuba K. E. , Kramynin L. A. , Slyusarenko M. A. , Shalaev A. V. , Sharoyko V. V. , Valitova A. A. , Artem’eva A. S. , Krzhivitskiy P. I. , Filatova L. V. , Malek A. V.
Published: December 2023

Background. In current clinical practice, there are no reliable methods to stratify patients with a high risk of relapse or with a primary refractory form of Hodgkin lymphoma. Quantification of CD30-positive small extracellular vesicles (CD30(+)SEV) in plasma seems to be a possible approach to solve this issue. CD30(+)SEV can be quantified by the AuNP aptasensor technology based on the enzyme-mimetic properties of gold nanoparticles and the CD30-specific affinity of DNA aptamers.

Aim. To quantify CD30(+)SEV in the plasma of patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma; to investigate the links between estimated parameter and clinical/morphological properties of disease and the effect of first two chemotherapy cycles.

Material and methods. A semi-quantitative analysis of CD30(+)SEV in the plasma of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 55) was performed using the AuNP aptasensor. The relationship between the CD30(+)SEV concentration and the data of standard diagnostic approaches was evaluated through the r-Pearson correlation coefficient, the Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis criteria.

Results. The plasma concentration of CD30(+)SEV in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma correlates with the quantity of CD30(+) cells in tissues of biopsied lymph nodes (r = 0.8) and the total lesion glycolysis estimated by PET/CT (r = 0.9). Patients with a relatively high concentration of CD30(+)SEV are characterized by an increase of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and leukocytosis compared with patients with a lower concentration of CD30(+)SEV. Two cycles of chemotherapy reduced CD30(+)SEV concentration, and this effect was more pronounced in patients treated with ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) regime than the BEACOPPesc (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, procarbazine).

Conclusion. AuNP-aptasensor can be used for semi-quantitative assessment of CD30(+)SEV in plasma. The estimated CD30(+)SEV concentration correlates with the clinical and morphological parameters of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and may reflect the severity of the disease. To assess the diagnostic and/or prognostic potential of developed technology, large-scale multicenter studies are required.
PD-1 and LAG-3 as early prognostic markers in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Selyutina O. N. , Lysenko I. B. , Guskova N. K. , Novikova I. А. , Zlatnik E. Yu. , Pushkareva T. F. , Nikolaeva N. V. , Kamaeva I. A. , Kapuza E. A. , Gaysultanova Ya. S. , Rozenko L. Ya.
Published: December 2023

Background. Recently, studies have been conducted all over the world to study the role of immune checkpoints in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and the possibility of their use as prognostic markers. Of greatest interest are PD-1 (programmed cell death-1) and LAG-3 protein (lymphocyte-activation gene 3).

Aim. To study the features of PD-1 (CD279) and LAG-3 (CD223) expression on blood B-cells of CLL patients and the possibility of their use as early markers for predicting the hematological response to therapy.

Materials and methods. The blood of 30 patients with CLL in stage C according to Binet and 20 healthy individuals was studied by 10-color flow cytometry.

Results. In patients with CLL, there were significant differences in the initial lymphocytes level, PD-1 and LAG-3 expression on B-lymphocytes, both with persons in the control group and among themselves with different hematological responses to therapy with rituximab according to the results of minimal residual disease monitoring.

Conclusion. PD-1 and LAG-3 can be used as early markers for predicting the response of CLL patients to therapy. The combined use of initial lymphocytes level and PD-1 and LAG-3 expression on CD19+ blood cells has a greater prognostic value. New data obtained from the study of immune checkpoints PD-1 and LAG-3 may be useful in the development of targeted therapeutic agents.
Review of the 1st day of the II Scientific and Practical Conference in a hybrid format “Achievements, problems and prospects in hematology”. Treatment and diagnosis of patients with orphan diseases
Authors: Shiller E. Е.
Published: December 2023

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Review of the 2nd day of the II Scientific and Practical Conference in a hybrid format “Achievements, problems and prospects in hematology”. Treatment and diagnosis of patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Shuvaev V. A.
Published: December 2023

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FORMATION OF HISTORICAL MEMORY IN THE US SOCIETY THROUGH URBAN PUBLIC SPACE (LATE XIX – XXI CENTURY)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kosheliev Artem
Published: December 2023

The article addresses the issue of memory policy functioning in the USA. Through the example of shaping public spaces in various states and regions of the country, the process of decision-making regarding the creation of monuments and memorials is analyzed. The aim of the article is to identify the connection between the axiological orientations of different social groups in the country and their emphases in the implementation of memory policy in the public spaces of cities. An attempt is made to demonstrate the significance of general processes of societal democratization in creating memory sites, and specific examples trace the shift in meanings embedded in already established monuments and memorials. The scientific novelty of the study lies in analyzing the role of US civil society in shaping images of historical figures in the public spaces of cities during different periods of state development. The methodological basis of the article is the synthesis of socio-cultural history and the study of memory policy. In particular, it involves the analysis of the formation of historical memory in the public spaces of cities in the context of general processes of societal spiritual life, its experience, and values. Conclusions. The formation of public spaces in American cities and filling them with monuments to historical figures occurred in a decentralized manner. The investigation of this aspect of the issue attested that different regions of the country developed their interpretations of the past, which correlated with the different value orientations of individual state regions. It does not mean that there are no points of intersection in perceptions of the historical past in the USA. Still, local peculiarities significantly influenced on local communities’ formation of public spaces.
UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ISSUE IN THE EMERGING U.S. STRATEGY TOWARDS THE SOVIET UNION (1946 – 1953)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Gorodnia Nataliya
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to reveal the consideration of the Ukrainian national issue in designing and implementing the U.S. postwar strategy towards the Soviet Union at the outbreak of the Cold War, under the presidency of Harry Truman. Methodology. This is qualitative empirical research, based on a critical analysis of primary and secondary sources. The research topic is studied against the background of developments of the international situation after World War II, which influenced the shaping of the U.S. post-war strategy towards the USSR, as well as the development of anti-Soviet armed resistance in the western part of Ukraine, and Ukrainian Americans’ efforts to use the new international situation in Ukrainian national interests. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the coverage of a topic that has not been sufficiently studied, and in the introduction of new primary sources for this purpose. Conclusions. The postwar U.S. foreign policy strategy was driven by Soviet expansionism, and a threat of a new world war. The American Government began to consider the Ukrainian national issue in designing the post-war strategy towards the USSR because of three major factors: the heroic struggle of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) in the western part of Ukraine; the willingness of the representatives of Ukrainian political émigré with close ties to the UPA to cooperate with the U.S. intelligence, and the activities of the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, aimed at obtaining American Government’s assistance and support for Ukrainians in Europe. In 1946–1951, the representatives of some Ukrainian émigré groups were involved in gathering intelligence about Soviet military capabilities and intentions, and in operations to root out Soviet agents among Displaced Persons in Germany. In 1949–1951, the CIA parachuted the Ukrainian couriers, trained as wireless operators, into the western part of Ukraine to collect intelligence and to organize a network of active resistance behind the Soviet lines in case of the new world war. U.S. intelligence cooperated mostly with the most moderate group of Ukrainian political émigré – the Foreign Representation of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council. After this strategy had failed, the U.S. Government focused on the development of a psychological warfare strategy. One of the components of its implementation was the foundation of Prolog Research and Publishing Association (1952) with CIA assistance. However, the understanding of the importance of the Ukrainian national factor in the U.S. «Soviet» strategy was only emerging.
FOREIGN POLICY APPROACHES OF THE USA AND CHINA REGARDING THE GLOBAL INTERNATIONAL ORDER
Authors:   The State Institution «Institute of World History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv, Ukraine, Poshedin Oleh
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the policy of the United States and the People’s Republic of China in the context of their attitude to the Global International Order, which developed after the Second World War. Methodology of the article. The method of analysis of official documents, speeches of representatives of state authorities of the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China was used to determine their policy regarding the Global International Order. The comparison method reveals the differences between the two states in their views on the future of the Global International Order. Applying the synthesis method made it possible to generalize the obtained results and formulate recommendations regarding the prospects of Ukraine’s cooperation with the People’s Republic of China. The scientific novelty consists of considering the foreign policy of the United States and China through the lens of their attitude to the global international order. Conclusions. The views of the United States and the People’s Republic of China on the future of the Global International Order are fundamentally different. The United States of America, not only in words but also in practice, supports the fundamental principles of the UN Charter, which define the rules of the modern international order. China is trying to build such an international order where the role of global governance institutions will be weakened. This difference was demonstrated by the attitude of the USA and the People’s Republic of China to Russia’s war against Ukraine. In this context, one should not hope that the PRC will influence Russia in ending the war and supporting the territorial integrity of Ukraine. It is necessary to be cautious about proposals to involve China in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. The USA may negatively view Ukraine’s cooperation with the People’s Republic of China. Such cooperation, with a high probability, will be used in the political struggle in the USA and may cause a decrease in American financial and military aid to Ukraine.
FEATURES OF AMERICAN ISOLATIONISM IN THE 1930S – EARLY 1940S
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pavlenko Valeriy , Skrypnyk Viktoriia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

The article examines the characteristics of American isolationism as a foreign policy doctrine of the United States in the 30s – early 40s of the XX century, reveals the essence of the term «isolationism» – its origin and application. A brief retrospective on the doctrine of isolationism is given, which is necessary to understand the reasons and specifics of its application in the 30s of the XX century. The purpose of the article is to analyze the key milestones of isolationism in the 1930s, its advantages and disadvantages, and to highlight the contradictions between the officially proclaimed neutrality and the real foreign policy of the United States. The research methodology is based on the historical-systemic method, the principle of historicism, and the problem-chronological approach. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the attempt to analyze the peculiarities of isolationism as a foreign policy doctrine of the United States in the 30s and early 40s, examining the history of the formation of this doctrine, the reasons for its application in the period under study, the controversies surrounding its relevance and the results of its implementation. The application of such a comprehensive approach makes it possible to identify the key aspects and distinctive features of American foreign policy of this period and to determine the long-term impact of the doctrine of isolationism on both the international position of the United States and on further global affairs. Conclusions. The doctrine of isolationism, which was used in the foreign policy of the United States in the 30s and early 40s of the XX century, did not meet the foreign policy challenges faced by the country at that time, so it was ineffective and failed to prevent the United States from entering World War II.
Formaldehyde Adulteration in Meatball is Still Prevalent, and it is Hard to Identify Only from its Physical Properties
Authors: Pratama Yoga , Astuti Asri , Setiani Bhakti Etza
Published: December 2023

Human carcinogenic compound formaldehyde (alternative name, formalin) adulteration in food is inappropriate and illegal. However, its simple and cheap procedure in giving desired food preservation effect becomes the factor of its prevalence in Indonesian community. Our current study focuses on the usage of formaldehyde in meatball products which are sold in bulk without refrigeration in traditional market set up. Eighty different packages of meatballs were collected following accidental sampling method from small groceries in Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java in 2019. Samples were characterized for their formaldehyde content (AOAC 931.08), total plate count, moisture and organoleptic properties. Formaldehyde was found in 1 sample at the level of 176.2 ppm. Whereby, it was among only 4 % of samples that met the maximum microbial limit of 5 log CFU/g. The particular sample was characterized by pale color, rather slimy surface, chewy and weak meatball aroma. Note, this characteristic is not unique and is shared by several other samples. Therefore, this study brings an update that formaldehyde adulteration is still prevalent. The adulterated product has hardly distinctive sensorial properties which make self-evaluation difficult, thus exposing consumers to potential food safety risks.
Research on Internet Technology Innovation and Information Security Challenges in New Vehicle Energy Sector
Authors: Lu Wenjie , Sun Ximing
Published: December 2023

With the rapid proliferation and advancement of new energy vehicles, Internet technology has garnered significant attention and application in this field. This study focuses on innovations in Internet technology in the domain of new automotive energy and the associated information security challenges. The innovations in Internet technology relevant to new energy vehicles, including Telematics, intelligent driving, and remote control, are initially explored. Subsequently, the information security challenges brought about by these innovations are analyzed, encompassing various aspects such as data privacy breaches, remote attacks, and malware infections. The significance of information security in the development of new energy vehicles is emphasized. Solutions and suggestions, including the strengthening of encryption technology, the establishment of a robust security framework, and the enhancement of user education and awareness, are put forward. In conclusion, the current state of research on Internet technology innovation and information security challenges is summarized, and it is suggested that future research should delve deeper into the trajectory of Internet technology development in the field of new energy vehicles, along with the attendant information security challenges, to provide theoretical and practical support for promoting the healthy development and secure application of the new energy vehicle industry.
Liver Cancer Segmentation through Enhanced Feature Extraction and Mapping using Improved Transfer Learning Techniques
Authors: N.A. Sheela Selvakumari C. Clement Sherlin,
Published: December 2023

The largest solid organ in the body is the liver. Numerous other vital functions it carries out include removing impurities from the blood flow, controlling blood coagulation, and maintaining healthy blood sugar levels.  All blood leaving the intestines and stomach is directed to the liver as its final destination. Liver illness may be brought on by infections, inherited diseases, cancer, too many harmful substances, or other conditions.  Medical experts estimate that 1.6% of men and women in India could be diagnosed with liver cancer at some time in their life. The interpretation of liver CT scans often involves semi-manual or manual techniques; however these techniques are costly, time-consuming, subjective, and prone to error. To improve the detection of liver cancer, these issues have been addressed and a number of computer algorithms have been developed. To create a fully automated method for quickly extracting liver tumours from CT scan images.
The Influence of Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learnings and Digital Disruption on the Design of Accounting and Finance Functions Mediated by Data Processing
Authors: Malinda Sari Sembiring, Windi Astuti Iskandar Muda,
Published: December 2023

This research aims to determine the influence of cloud computing, artificial intelligence, machine learning and digital disruption on the design of accounting and financial functions mediated by data processing. This type of research is an explanatory survey, the data used is primary data on 202 respondents working in the accounting and finance sector in Indonesia drawn using the purposive random sampling method. Analysis tool using the Structural Equation Modeling approach with the WarpPLS Version 8.0 test tool. The results show that Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learnings and Digital Disruption have a significant influence on the Design of Accounting and Financial Functions Mediated by Data Processing.
Image based ECC Mutual Authentication Scheme for Cloud Assisted TMIS
Authors: Syed Amma Sheik Et al.
Published: December 2023

In this modern era, cloud-based services like e-commerce, e-gate, and so on provide immense services to humans.    Healthcare centers are gradually moving to cloud-based services. In which, both the hospital and patients are connected remotely online and patient gets treatment quickly. Increasing the demand in Telecare Medical Information System (TMIS) needs to ensure the security and privacy of the healthcare centers and patients’ information. In this paper, we have proposed an e?cient and provably secure Elliptic Curve cryptography image based mutual authentication scheme for cloud assisted TMIS. The proposed authentication schemes ensure the secured treatment provided to patients from healthcare center through online. The patient can upload their health condition data to cloud via mobile device for the treatment.  The proposed authentication scheme required minimum computational cost with minimum communication overhead. The proposed authentication scheme preserves patient anonymity and withstands the known and chosen plaintext attack. The security analysis for the proposed scheme shows that the proposed authentication scheme is more secure. It shows that the proposed authentication scheme is performing well compare to the related authentication schemes.
Bioaccumulation Pattern of Heavy Metals in Solanumlycopersicum Co-Inoculated with Red Worm Eiseniafetida
Authors: PattukumarV  , Anantha SelviG.S  , Sivakumar P  , Vasanthakumar P  , Susanna Roy  , AshaAnand
Published: December 2023

The presence of heavy metal in the environment has been increasing with the increasing anthropogenic activities. The following study observes the bioaccumulation activities of Solanumlycopersicum, Eiseniafetida and a combined set-up containing both. The metals used for the particular study includes lead, mercury, chromium and cadmium. It was observed that each heavy metal has a particular pattern of accumulation as well as this pattern being affected when in the combined set up containing both Solanumlycopersicum and Eiseniafetida. In the end the combined set up was more efficient in bioaccumulating heavy metals from the contaminated soil.
Developing Healthy Lifestyle Skills in Future Biology Teachers as An Important Problem
Authors: Otajonova Sarvigul Ravibjonovna  , Khalimova Mokhigul Rustamova
Published: December 2023

Protection from negative vices that lead to the violation of moral education of young people, i.e., terrorism and religious extremism, separatism, drug addiction, drug addiction, violence and brutality. To reduce the consumption of doughy food and sweets, bread products, which contain a lot of salt, sugar and fat, and by giving up harmful habits, in particular, the consumption of alcohol and tobacco products reduction of disease, overweight conditions (obesity) and premature death.
Ecological State of Navoi Region (1940-80s)
Authors: Rakhimova Gulchexra Sobirjonovna
Published: December 2023

In the article, the policy of industrialization in the 40-80s of the 20th century in the Navoi region, the placement of industrial enterprises in the city centers and densely populated areas, the fact that the production products of the industrial enterprises, especially in the Navoi region, served the interests of the former union, not the country, but the chemical and oil products, is a statement based on historical sources. done Information is given about the harm caused to the environment by the waste of industrial enterprises as a result of the neglect of the material and technical bases of industrial enterprises, the lack of technical equipment, and the rapid implementation of production
French Derived Words in English Factors of Occurrence
Authors: Olimov Khurshidjon Yunusaliyevich
Published: December 2023

This research work is devoted to analysis the meaning of words, the semantic and the lexical assimilation of words from the French language into English language. It discusses different approaches and theories which can assist world famous scientists to improve their learning skills by using words from the French language into English. Many French appropriations acquired new meanings in English s that do not exist in modern French.
Modernization of Teaching a Native (Russian) Language
Authors: Alimsaidova Sayyora Amidieevna
Published: December 2023

This article reveals the main aspects of using the language of a particular linguistic community when mastering the sociolinguistic rules of speech communication that characterize a given society, as well as understanding the impact of social factors on the speech behavior of participants in communication
Study of Naming Process of Literal Works
Authors: Akhmedov Umid Usobovich
Published: December 2023

This article covers the general issues of studying the process of naming an artistic work today. In addition, an attempt is made to analyze and research Uzbek anthroponyms and phrases, similes and metaphors as a linguistic and cultural object of science. In modern linguistics, paremiologists study the cases where the interpretation of the nominative process is mutually adequate (similar) according to its semantic characteristics, and some cases are proportional not only in terms of content, but also in terms of external structure and form.
The Biofumigation Potential of Wild Radish (Raphanus Raphanustrum) and Field Mustard (Sinapis Arvensis) in Controlling Some Phytoparisitic Nematodes
Authors: Sihem Ziouche  , Haizia Kelaleche  , Amel Bourahla  , Zahr Eddine Djazouli
Published: December 2023

Biofumigation is the process of introducing plants and their residues into the soil to release volatile compounds. Among these plants, those belonging to the Brassicaceae family are the most commonly used ones for biofumigation purposes. These plants are rich in glucosinolates, which upon enzymatic hydrolysis produce compounds such as isothiocyanates, which are approved as nematicides. Raphanus, Sinapis, and Eruca species genera are the most frequently used plants in the Brassicaceae family for biofumigation. This technique is becoming increasingly popular as a sustainable alternative to restricting fumigants in agriculture production. Dry plants (at vegetative and flowering stages) of Raphanus raphanustrum and Sinapis arvensis are incorporated into the soil and evaluated for their biofumigation effects on some phytoparasitic nematodes in comparison to a synthetic nematicide (tefluthrin 1.5%) and untreated control. Thirty days post-incorporation, soil samples were collected for nematode extraction and counting, and subsequently identified at the genus level. We identified four phytoparasitic nematodes that are most harmful to cultivated plants (Tylenchorhynchus, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus, and Tylenchus). Each treatment decreased nematode population densities from 67% to 92%. Sinapis arvensis biofumigation was the most effective, reducing nematode densities by up to 92%. Conversely, Raphanus raphanustrum and Tefluthrin 1.5% treatments generally resulted in increased nematode densities (up to 74% and 67% respectively). The results of this study have given valuable information and suggest that Sinapis arvensis could be used to manage plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly the Tylenchorhynchus population. Biofumigation is a promising strategy that can be used especially by subsistence farmers for the sustainable production of crops in the presence of lower nematode pest densities.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FACIES AND RADIOLITID PALEOENVIRONMENT OF THE UPPER CENOMANIAN SHALLOW-WATER SUCCESSION FROM THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE ADRIATIC CARBONATE PLATFORM, NORTHWESTERN SIDE OF KORČULA ISLAND, CROATIA
Authors: Moro Alan , Mezga Aleksandar , Mikša Goran , Kalemarski Nikola
Published: December 2023

Upper Cenomanian limestones from the northwestern part of the island of Korčula in Croatia are shallow-water Chondrodonta-level deposits that represent a lateral equivalent of a foundered platform paleoenvironment. The succession consists of peritidal limestones organised in irregular shallowing-upward cycles, indicating the influence of sinsedimentary tectonics in the background of their formation. The peak of the transgression is marked by bioclastic rudstones, which represent the most open paleoenvironmental conditions. Radiolitids are present through biostromal floatstones-rudstones where individuals thrive as elevator or clinger palaeoecological morphotypes, indicating that the rate of carbonate sedimentation is a key palaeoecological factor in their presence/absence within a subtidal paleoenvironment.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF LAYERING AND SCHISTOSITY ON THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF ROCKS USING THE DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: Aftabi Mahdi , Ahangari Kaveh , Dehghan Ali Naghi
Published: December 2023

Anisotropy and deformation in rock material is mainly caused by the non-uniformity and irregular geometry of fracture systems. This factor is among the important problems in designing and evaluating the stability of engineering structures. In this research, the mechanical behavior of layered and schistose rocks is investigated by conducting compressive uniaxial and triaxial strength laboratory tests on rock samples from different directions and angles varying with respect to the loading axis. The tests were carried out on intact blocks of quartz schist rock with 0° layering and invisible schistosity. Next, numerical modelling was performed using the discrete element method (DEM) and calibrating numerical models by laboratory tests. In this process, three types of connections between the minerals (i.e. mica-mica, mica-quartz, and quartz-quartz), the growth of cracks, and the fracture mechanism of layered rocks with different layering angles were investigated. The results showed that unlike the arrangement of the rock particles, the layering angle of quartz schist has an important effect on the mechanical properties of the rock in such a way that uniaxial compressive strength, Young’s modulus, cohesion, and internal friction angle respectively have the greatest effect due to the change of the layering angle, while the tensile strength has the least effect.
Antiepileptic therapy algorithms in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors
Authors: Prokudin Mikhail Y. , Litvinenko Igor' V. , Rumуantseva Kseniуa А. , Martynov Boris V. , Odinak Miroslav M. , Tsygan Nikolay V. , Klimenkova Emma Y. , Trashkov Aleksandr P. , Svistov Dmitry V. 
Published: December 2023

Up to date the brain tumors incidence keeps growing worldwide. Epilepsy and epileptic seizures are one of the most common clinical features of brain tumors. The aim of the study was to invent the algorithms antiepileptic treatment of patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors based on literature data. We searched eLIBRARY, PubMed databases by keywords. We concluded, that preventive antiepileptic drugs administration in patients with primary or metastatic brain lesions does not lower the risk of acute symptomatic postoperative seizures or epilepsy incidence, and therefore should not be recommended. Experts’ opinion states that in patients with brain tumors even one unprovoked seizure makes it feasible to initiate antiepileptic drugs therapy as soon as possible. In case of two or more unprovoked episodes (with over 24 hours difference) the diagnosis of “epilepsy” is legitimate and antiepileptic therapy should be started. The treating physician’s choice of antiepileptic therapy is based on type of seizures, age and sex of the patient, the comorbidity and potential antiepileptic drugs pharmacokinetic interactions with other drugs (including chemotherapy), in particular, one should avoid the use of liver microsomal-inducing antiepileptic drugs. The presented algorithms provide the decision-making guidelines in case of intraoperative focal seizures, acute symptomatic seizures and status epilepticus occurrence in early postoperative period.
Optical coherence tomography with angiography in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Strumentova Elena S. , Lobzin Vladimir Y. , Mal'tsev Dmitriy S. , Burnasheva Maria A. , Mosina Maria M. , Khasanova Almira A. , Doronina Anna N.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer’s disease is becoming increasingly common and the number of patients with dementia is steadily increasing. Existing diagnostic methods (neuropsychological testing, cerebrospinal fluid examination, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography) are either subjective, inaccessible or invasive and expensive, therefore the search for new methods of Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis is necessary. The retina and the human brain share a common embryonic origin. The use of optical coherence tomography with angiography can help in the diagnosis of the disease, especially at an early stage.
AIM: To perform a comparative analysis of the vascular density of the peripapillary region of the human retina with the severity of cognitive impairment and atrophic changes according to MRI in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients participated in the study: 20 with Alzheimer’s disease and 10 in the control group. All patients underwent collection of complaints and history, general neurological and ophthalmological examination to evaluate inclusion and noninclusion criteria. Subsequently, neuropsychological testing, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with assessment according to standardized neuroimaging scales, and optical coherence tomography with angiography according to a standard protocol were performed. The results were processed using the Statistica 10 software package (StatSoft, USA).
RESULTS: Assessment of retinal microvascular bed condition in Alzheimer’s disease patients revealed a significant level of relative vascular density reduction in the upper half of radial peripapillary plexus of the retina due to reduction of small vessel density (p = 0.02). There was a direct correlation between the severity of the decrease in the FCSRT total score and changes in vascular density in the nasal sector of the retina (r = 0.52). There was a significant inverse relationship between vascular density in the temporal sector and the final GCA score for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (r = 0.57). The Fazekas scale score revealed an inverse correlation between its score and the vascular density in the upper retinal half and its upper sector (r = 0.53).
CONCLUSION: Оptical coherence tomography with angiography is a highly informative and promising method for early, including pre-diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, which is considerably more accessible and accurate than other techniques.
Comparative assessment of cerebral perfusion and metabolism in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive disorders
Authors: Emelin Andrey Y. , Boykov Igor' V. , Lobzin Vladimir Y. , Kolmakova Kristina A. , Naumov Konstantin M. , Dynin Pavel S. , Lupanov Ivan A.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: The high medical and social significance of the problem determines the necessity of the earliest nosological diagnostics of the cognitive disorders. Functional neuroimaging methods such as single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography play an important role in the early differential diagnosis, allowing to estimate perfusion and metabolism of the cerebral tissue.
AIM: To perform a comparative analysis of perfusion and metabolic abnormalities in different cerebral structures of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive disorders in small cerebral vessels disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-photon emission computed tomography was performed in 13 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and in 21 patients with vascular cognitive disorders; positron emission tomography with 18F-FDG was performed in 17 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and in 15 patients with vascular cognitive disorders.
RESULTS: Patterns of perfusion and metabolic abnormalities differ in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive disorders. In patients with vascular cognitive disorders due to cerebral small vessels disease, a distinctive feature was a combination of hypoperfusion in subcortical structures, especially in the caudate nucleus and thalamus, with hypoperfusion in the deep parts of the frontal lobe. In Alzheimer’s disease, bilateral pronounced perfusion abnormalities in the parietal and temporal cortex were the most characteristic. Patterns of metabolic disturbances were similar to patterns of perfusion disturbances in different variants of cognitive disorders, but metabolic disturbances were more widespread. Рositron emission tomography was more informative in diagnosing patients with Alzheimer’s disease compared to single photon emission computed tomography. More pronounced perfusion and metabolic disorders were observed in patients with more severe cognitive disorders. Perfusion disturbances in the area of subcortical structures can be considered as an early marker of cognitive impairment development in patients with small vessel disease.
CONCLUSION: Single photon emission computed tomography has sufficient sensitivity and specificity when examining patients with vascular cognitive disorders, while positron emission tomography is more preferable when examining patients with Alzheimer-type dementia.
The use of flexible botulinum toxin type A inter-injection intervals after removal of deep brain stimulation due to infection in patient with DYT-THAP1 (DYT6)
Authors: Krasakov Igor' V. , Litvinenko Igor' V. , Dyskin Dmitriy E.
Published: December 2023

Deep brain stimulation of globus pallidus internus is a safe and effective method of treatment of isolated generalized dystonia. Abrupt discontinuation of stimulation can lead to a sharp increase in the severity of the condition with a significant increase in the risk of dystonic status. Correction of the condition by selecting conservative therapy is often insufficient. Based on the description of a clinical observation, we demonstrated the possibility of effective use of flexible botulinum toxin type A inter-injection intervals after removal of deep brain stimulation due to infection in patient with DYT-THAP1 (DYT6). Due to the high risk of formation of antibodies to botulinum toxin type A when using short intervals, as well as when using high doses, preference was given to a drug with proven low immunogenicity — incobotulotoxin A. Incobotulotoxin A was administered once a month in a total dose of 400 units to various muscle groups (head, neck, trunk, limbs). At the time of publication, the duration of follow-up was six months, six procedures were performed, a total of 2,400 units of incobotulotoxin A. No significant side effects were noted. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the therapy was carried out by calculating the points of the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale. There was a decrease from 34 points (the indicator at the time of termination of neurostimulation) to 13.5 points (after six months of therapy). The therapy allowed the patient to maintain motor activity during the waiting period for repeated deep brain stimulation.
Event I. The development of oriental medicine in Russia in the XVIII-XIX centuries. The role of scientists of the Imperial Medico-Surgical (Military Medical) Academy
Authors: Andreeva Galina O. , Odinak Miroslav M. , Tsygan Vasiliy N. , Litvinenko Igor' V. , Mamaeva Svetlana A.
Published: December 2023

The article presents the history of nascence traditional oriental medicine in Russia during XVIII–XIX centuries. The first information about oriental medicine was brought to Russia in the XVIII century by doctors, who visited Mongolia and China as members of embassy expeditions. The first decades of the XVIII century can be considered as beginning of a systematic study oriental treatment methods. It was possible thanks to the many years efforts of the employees of the Russian ecclesiastical mission in Beijing. This organization from 1715 to 1864 years served religious, diplomatic and scientific functions. An invaluable contribution to the study of Chinese medicine was made by the leaders of the mission. Major role belongs to Nikita Yakovlevich Bichurin (father Iakinf), archimandrite of the IX mission. He was fluent in Chinese, studied the primary sources of medical literature, translated significant treatises into Russian, and taught Chinese to the mission staff. The head of the X mission, Pavel Ivanovich Kamensky, compiled a Chinese-Russian medical dictionary, reorganized the mission, and insisted on the need to introduce the position of a doctor among the staff. Starting from 1821, doctors O.P. Voitsekhovsky, P.E. Kirillov, A.A. Tatarinov, S.I. Bazilevsky and P.A. Kornievsky, graduates of the Imperial Medical and Surgical (Military Medical) Academy worked as physician of the X–XIV missions. Doctors continued to study the theoretical concepts of Chinese medicine, philosophical and cultural traditions that underlie healthcare. In addition to medical work, in accordance with the instructions of the Medical Council at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, they explored epidemiology, healthcare organization and the process of training doctors in China, analyzed Eastern approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, pharmacopoeia, used of herbal remedies, methods of prevention and health maintenance. The scientific approach, knowledge of the Chinese language, and a long stay in the country allowed them to lay the foundations of Oriental medicine in Russian, acquaint medical community with the methods of treatment and prevention of diseases adopted in China, introduce acupuncture, moxa, the use of new types of herbal remedies, enrich the collections of medicinal plants.
Epilepsy, epileptoma, surgery (based on clinical case data)
Authors: Mongaleva Ekaterina S. , Lyubimova Polina A. , Gyulova Ekaterina V. , Den'gina Nina O. , Odintsova Galina V.
Published: December 2023

Tumor-associated epilepsy is a comorbid disease with focal symptoms or focal, bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. This paper presents the case of a 36-year-old woman hospitalized due to frequent generalized seizures with focal onset and marked pharmacoresistance. The first epileptic seizure occurred at the age of 23 at night during sleep, manifested by tonic seizures with turning of the head to the right, impaired consciousness. The patient took lamotrigine and lacosamide, which resulted in remissions, but freedom from seizures was not achieved. MRI revealed structural changes in the medio-basal regions of the right temporal lobe. PET-CT revealed signs of metabolically active tumor tissue in the right temporal region.Based on the findings, it was concluded that the patient had a ganglioglioma. The patient underwent selective resection of the area of structural changes in the basal parts of the right temporal lobe. By the time of her discharge from the hospital on the 10th day after the surgical intervention, her general condition had fully recovered, no generalised seizures were noted in the postoperative period. During the evaluation of the catamnesis, an isolated aura occurred once. The presence of the disease significantly impaired the patient’s work activity, quality of life and socialisation and led to a depressive episode. This surgical intervention significantly reduced the patient’s quality of life. Thus, tumor-associated epilepsies caused by epileptomas are characterized by pharmacoresistance. Drug treatment did not have a stable effect and the course of the disease was accompanied by a recurrence of seizures. Surgical treatment is the method of choice. With the development of modern neurosurgery, cognitive functions could be preserved despite the long history of the disease.
Clinical and pathological features of brain iron metabolism in neurodegerative and demyelinating disorders
Authors: Dynin Pavel S. , Litvinenko Igor' V. , Emelin Andrey Y. , Ruban Artem V.
Published: December 2023

The results of many modern studies show the significance of the role of changes in iron metabolism and its increased accumulation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases. Determining the role of iron metabolism and the characteristics of its distribution in strategically important areas of the brain in diseases of the nervous system is important from a diagnostic point of view, since it can help determine the rate of disease progression and, accordingly, correction of therapy. The article presents modern literature data describing the main disorders of iron metabolism in the structure of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease), and demyelinating diseases, in particular, multiple sclerosis. Attention is drawn to the role of changes in iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of the process of regulated cell death, ferroptosis, accompanied by depletion of intracellular glutathione, decreased activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase-4 and the subsequent process of lipid peroxidation caused by a decrease in the protective antioxidant system of cells and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Attention is drawn to the role of the Fenton reaction in the accumulation of free radicals, the oxidation of iron and, as a consequence, its excessive deposition in brain structures. Information is provided on the features of the pathogenesis of neuronal iron accumulation, modern diagnostic capabilities for assessing iron content in strategically important areas of the brain using various methods, and the possibility of various options for therapeutic treatment of these conditions is considered. Attention is drawn to the patterns of iron distribution in normal brain structures depending on age, as well as in the specified nosologies. Data are presented on the connection between an increase in the amount of iron content in brain cells and the severity of clinical manifestations of diseases. Attention is drawn to the relationship between the progression of disease severity and the increase in metal content in the cells of strategically significant areas of the brain. When writing the article, modern materials and meta-analyses were used, containing the results of a significant number of studies devoted to the problem considered in this review.