bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Computer Metaphor. Anchoring the Fear of Human Obsolescence(s) since the 20th Century
Authors: Piel Helen , Seising Rudolf , Götter Christian
Published: April 2022

This article shows how fundamental debates on both human obsolescence in the form of vanishing human exceptionalism and of technological unem- ployment were anchored to the emerging technology of artificial intelligence (AI). Through this anchoring, these debates became tangible and they were discussed beyond scientific circles by the wider public too. Thus the technol­ ogy on the one hand and the scientific and social debates on human obsoles­ cence on the other hand entered into a phase of co­evolution. We will first discuss the computer metaphor since it not only prepared the idea of AI but also was the culture medium for the connection between the technology and the obsolescence debates. In the second half of the article, we then discuss this connection in the context of human exceptionalism, followed by the context of technological unemployment. Next to prominent examples from Anglo-American AI research as well as cybernetics and psychology we look at German-language examples. That the spread of the anchoring of debate to technology goes beyond scientific circles is made clear by looking at science fiction and broadsheet newspapers and magazines.
„Last Man Standing“: Zur Bedeutung der Kanzlerkandidaten für das Ergebnis der Bun- destagswahl 2021
Authors: Klein Markus , Springer Frederik , Kühling Christoph
Published: April 2022

The 2021 federal election was special in several respects with regard to the role of the can- didates for chancellor . For the first time, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen entered the competition with their own candidate, resulting in a three-way race for chancellorship . In addition, for the first time in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany, the previous incumbent did not stand for re-election . Based on polling data it becomes evident that in the wake of Annalena Baerbock’s and Armin Laschet’s misconduct and scandals during the election cam- paign, both their popularity ratings and the vote shares of their respective parties declined significantly . It was only as a result of these failures involving his two competitors that Olaf Scholz - as the “Last Man Standing” - became the Germans’ preferred chancellor . Our analyses also suggest that the CDU/CSU would have done significantly better with Markus Söder as candidate for chancellor and would probably have won the federal election . Regarding the first-time nomination of a chancellor candidate by Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, we find that a preference for Annalena Baerbock had a significant and substantial effect on the green vote .
Kinder vor dem Familiengericht
Authors: Balloff Rainer
Published: April 2022

Every year in Germany, around 200,000 children and adolescents are still before the courts because their parents separate and the right of residence or the entire custody is regulated, or the parents are deprived of custody, contact is regulated or the children live in foster families, residential groups and children's homes and are returned to the family of origin. Despite the new adoption assistance law, does the youth welfare office or the adoption agency now help more effectively to uphold and enforce the best interests of the child?

What role do guardians ad litem and, above all, the still often criticized experts play in family court proceedings? Who helps to uphold the rights of children who are circumcised?

What should happen in the future to children from surrogacy and intended parents?

How do professionals deal empathetically with the child in juvenile and family court proceedings? How do children feel when they are taken away from their parents or foster parents?

The 4th, updated edition of this proven handbook shows in a practical way how the best interests of the child can be upheld and child protection enforced.
Digital Image Processing and Its Application for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Area
Authors: Karmaker Nupur
Published: April 2022

The proper use of imaging modalities produces an image that aids in the detection of early stage abnormalities such as cancer, the identification of small precise lesions, and the presentation of internal illustration. A high-quality image can help doctors, radiologists, medical physicists, biomedical engineers, and scientists to make important decisions on ameliorate treatment planning that can reduce cancer mortality rates and provide life-saving results. This chapter outlines the features, attributes, and processing techniques of various medical imaging modalities utilized in the fields of radiation therapy and biomedical engineering. This study highlighted the significance of image processing in medical physics and biomedical engineering, characteristics of mammography, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) images. With their advanced application, various image processing approaches are distinguished. Images are collected through the journal, useful websites, the internet, or other sources. That can help teachers, students, researchers, scientists, and others comprehend and learn how to apply image processing techniques and which techniques will suit which modalities image. This chapter will provide a clear understanding of image processing techniques for medical physics and biomedical engineering participants, as well as an abundance of learning opportunities.
Climate-Smart Maize Breeding: The Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Improving Yield, Biotic and Abiotic Stress Resistance, and Carbon and Nitrogen Sink Efficiency
Authors: Badji Arfang , Diedhiou Issa , Fofana Fall Abdoulaye
Published: April 2022

Maize is part of the essential food security crops for which yields need to tremendously increase to support future population growth expectations with their accompanying food and feed demand. However, current yield increases trends are sub-optimal due to an array of biotic and abiotic factors that will be compounded by future negative climate scenarios and continued land degradations. These negative projections for maize yield call for re-orienting maize breeding to leverage the beneficial soil microbiota, among which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMS) hold enormous promises. In this chapter, we first review the components relevant to maize-AMF interaction, then present the benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) to maize growth and yield in terms of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and improvement of yield and yield components, and finally summarize pre-breeding information related to maize-AMF interaction and trait improvement avenues based on up-to-date molecular breeding technologies.
Harnessing Technologies for Vegetable Cultivation: A Panacea for Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Ghana
Authors: Kwabena Osei Michael , Amoako Ofori Peter , Adjebeng-Danquah Joseph , Owusu Nketia Stella , Frimpong-Anin Kofi , Osei-Bonsu Isaac , Yaw Agyare Richard , Opoku-Adoma Jacinta , Ofori Patrick , Asamoah Adjei Emmanuel , Newton Isaac , Gyau Joseph , Puozaa Doris
Published: April 2022

Vegetable plays a key role in food and nutrition security in Ghana as the country’s food system shifts from food quantity to diet quality and health benefits. This chapter looks at the role vegetables play in the diets of humans in ensuring food and nutrition security. Traditional locally available underutilized vegetable crops as well as exotic vegetable crops could be utilized to improve nutrition and health. One of the strategies for promoting vegetable production is the development and adoption of innovative and modern technologies to address major challenges impeding the advancement of vegetable production in Ghana. These challenges include lack of improved varieties, nonfunctional seed systems, poor infrastructure for storage and processing, uncontrolled use of agrochemicals, etc. Genetic manipulation, soil and water management as well as integrated pest and disease management have been harnessed with significant achievement to boost vegetable production. Other emerging, including nursery management, controlled environment (such as a greenhouse), grafting, post-harvest handling, digital marketing, information and extension services can also be promoted. Greenhouse production increases vegetable crop quality and productivity, which results in higher economic returns. Finally, the chapter highlights the enormous prospects and contributions of vegetable production towards reducing rural poverty and unemployment.
The Innovative Business Model for Family-Owned Firms in the Era of Digital Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Emerging Economy
Authors: Ullah Khan Rizwan , A. Abbasi Munir , Amran Azlan , Fawad Arshad
Published: April 2022

The current Covid-19 pandemic has been changed the businesses plans. High uncertainty can compel the organization to change the business plan according to the market demand. In the current era of digitalization, organizations are needed to modify the existing business plan and innovate it through technologies. Modifying existing resources according to the market demand is challenging for the organization; employers face many challenges and obstacles. Businesses plan to develop a long-term business model to validate the attractiveness, reduce the avoidable investment of scarce resources, and structure the business process. In the current era of digitalization, businesses, specifically, SMEs cannot compete with the competitors who can adopt digitalization systems. Therefore, the current chapter is trying to find out the challenges faced by SMEs in developing economies during the adoption of the digital business model. In the current chapter, researchers focus on three different kinds of digital technologies that must be part of the business model during the era of digitalization, such as adopting digital technologies (artificial intelligence, Internet of Thing, and virtual reality and to create a new business model following the current era issue, these are the main block to resist of these market uncertainties in a new venture of family firms.
A Proposal of Haptic Technology to be Used in Medical Simulation
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Pablo , Daniel Castro-Díaz José , Gutiérrez-Giles Alejandro , Pliego-Jiménez Javier
Published: April 2022

For medical training aims, tele-operation systems have inspired virtual reality systems. Since force sensors placed on the robotic arms provide interaction force information that is transmitted to the human operator, such force produces a tactile sensation that allows feeling some remote or virtual environment properties. However, in the last two decades, researchers have focused on visually simulating the virtual environments present in a surgical environment. This implies that methods that cannot reproduce some characteristics of virtual surfaces, such as the case of penetrable objects, generate the force response. To solve this problem, we study a virtual reality system with haptic feedback using a tele-operation approach. By defining the operator-manipulated interface as the master robot and the virtual environment as the slave robot, we have, by addressing the virtual environment as a restricted motion problem, the force response. Therefore, we implement a control algorithm, based on a tele-operation system, to feedback the corresponding force to the operator. We achieve this through the design of a virtual environment using the dynamic model of the robot in contact with holonomic and non-holonomic constraints. In addition, according to the medical training simulator, before contact, there is always a free movement stage.
Plant-Microbe Interaction: Prospects and Applications in Sustainable Environmental Management
Authors: Chinyere Augusta Ajuzieogu , Chioma Bertha Ehis-Eriakha , Stephen Eromosele Akemu
Published: April 2022

Plant-microbe interaction is mostly mutualistic although sometimes it can be negative. These interactions contribute to improving the environmental quality and health of all organisms. One significant aspect to this is application in sustainable environmental management. Plants are known to be involved in remediation of polluted environments through a mechanism known as phytoremediation and this process is usually more effective in collaboration with microorganism resident within the plant environment. These plants and microbes possess attributes that makes them great candidates for sustainable remediation of impacted environments. Different organic pollutants have been decontaminated from the environment using the phytoremediation approach. The plant-associated microbes possess certain traits that exert selective effect on the growth of plants which consequently perform the decontamination process through different mechanisms. Also, these microorganisms’ harbour requisite genes charged with the responsibility of mineralization of different organic and inorganic compounds through several pathways to produce innocuous by-products. The limitations associated with this approach that prevents full-scale application such as contaminant-induced stress frequently leads to low/slow rates of seed germination, plant development and decreases in plant biomass have been solved by using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Phytoremediation is an emerging, cost-effective, eco-friendly and operational technology for the cleanup of polluted environment.
Role of Carotenoids in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ahmad Arslan , Riaz Sakhawat , Shahzaib Nadeem Muhammad , Mubeen Umber , Maham Khadija
Published: April 2022

Carotenes are fat-soluble pigments found in a variety of foods, the majority of which are fruits and vegetables. They may have antioxidant biological properties due to their chemical makeup and relationship to cellular membranes. And over 700 carotenoids have been found, with—carotene, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin is the most significant antioxidant food pigments. Their capacity to absorb lipid peroxides, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrous oxide is likely linked to their anti-oxidative properties (NO). The daily requirements for carotenoids are also discussed in this chapter. Heart disease is still a prominent source of sickness and mortality in modern societies. Natural antioxidants contained in fruits and vegetables, such as lycopene, a-carotene, and B-carotene, may help prevent CVD by reducing oxidative stress, which is a major factor in the disease’s progression. Numerous epidemiological studies have backed up the idea that antioxidants might be utilized to prevent and perhaps treat cardiovascular illnesses at a low cost. Supplements containing carotenoids are also available, and their effectiveness has been proven. This article provides an overview of carotenoids’ chemistry, including uptake, transport, availability, metabolism, and antioxidant activity, including its involvement with disease prevention, notably cardiovascular disease.
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: An Overview
Authors: Shahwar Anwar Syed , Ahmad Usama , Muazzam Khan Mohd , Faheem Haider Md. , Akhtar Juber
Published: April 2022

The healthcare industry is advancing ahead swiftly. For many healthcare organizations, being able to forecast which treatment techniques are likely to be successful with patients based on their makeup and treatment framework is a big step forward. Artificial intelligence has the potential to help healthcare providers in a variety of ways, including patient care and administrative tasks. The technology aims to mimic human cognitive functions, as it offers numerous advantages over traditional analytics and other clinical decision-making tools. Data becomes more precise and accurate, allowing the healthcare industry to have more insights into the theranostic processes and patient outcomes. This chapter is an overview of the use of artificial intelligence in radiology, cardiology, ophthalmology, and drug discovery process.
Living Word and Audiality as a Problem of Modern Media Text
Authors: Shestakova Eleonora
Published: April 2022

In today’s media communications, due to several objective factors, the media text is undergoing radical changes. Media text is increasingly filled with and oriented towards the sounding, living word in its essence and a culture of audiality. Audiality in media text makes the most of the achievements and language of the culture of emotional turn, which should be taken into account when analyzing media text and the media process. All this leads to a change in the status of reality, the human being, and the culture of understanding, which is also important for journalism and media communication in general, especially given the growth of non-verbal components in the media text. Media texts in which the auditory principle is strong have hardly become the subject of independent study. In this connection, two urgent tasks are central. It is important to justify, firstly, the living word as a key concept for describing audiality in media texts; secondly, the theoretical foundations and principles of the study of audiality in media texts.
Health-seeking Behaviours and Effect of Prostate Cancer on Male Soldiers in Ghana: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Anongeba Anaba Emmanuel , Gyasi Necku Juliana , Abile Moses
Published: April 2022

Prostate cancer is a global public health problem and contributes to the global morbidity and mortality burden. This study aimed to explore health-seeking behaviours and the effect of prostate cancer on Ghanaian soldiers. This study employed a phenomenology qualitative research design. In-depth interviews were conducted among 24 male soldiers living with prostate cancer. Data were collected with the aid of an interview guide and analysed using qualitative thematic analysis. Three major themes and ten subthemes emerged from the thematic analysis. The three major themes were diagnosis, treatment and effects of prostate cancer. The subthemes under diagnosis were medical tests and symptoms of prostate cancer. The subthemes under treatment were orthodox treatment, herbal treatment and behaviour change. The subthemes under effect were poor physical, sexual, mental, social and financial wellbeing. Ghanaian soldiers living with prostate cancer adopt multiple health-seeking behaviours. Prostate cancer adversely affects the physical, sexual, mental and social wellbeing as well as the financial stability of soldiers. This study provides relevant information for public health policy and programming.
Critical Studies on the Kinetics, Isotherms and Activation Energy of Sorption Phenomenon for Optimized Kenaf Shive Sorbent in Crude Oil/Seawater System
Authors: Muhammad Salisu Zwahruddeen , Bashir Hasan Diya’uddeen , Gambo Liman Yahaya , Mohammed Awal Suleiman , Suleiman Pendo Ukanah , Kabir Yakubu Mohammed , Semo Umaru Ishiaku
Published: April 2022

The secondary effect discovery of synthetic sorbents opened another research direction for many field of studies. However, the sorption parameters of lignocellulosic sorbents are rarely reported most importantly, kenaf shive. This paper centered at the sorption behavior of optimized kenaf shive sorbents using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) via surface deposit technique. Five-level Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental matrix was used to analyze the effect of particle sizes 125‒1000μm, stirring time (5–30 min) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) concentration (5–20% v/v) as individual and combined variables process in the developed sorbents. The unmodified shive was compared with the modified, and it reveals a positive shift in the sorption capability. Instrumental analysis such as FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), DT-TGA (Differential Thermal-Thermogravimetric analysis) and BET (Brunaure-Emmett–Teller) were carried out on the optimized sorbent and the results were in conformity with the sorption results. The sorption behavior deployed fits the pseudo-first-order and Langmuir isotherm with regression coefficient R2=0.9496 and R2=0.9400. The sorption property was found to be spontaneous and exothermic, however, the activation energy studies shows physic-sorption phenomenon with 25.3kJmol−1 and R2=0.9360.
Mobile Phase Selection by Optimization for the Determination of Multiple Pesticides Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lawal Abubakar , Bola Abdul’rauf Lukman
Published: April 2022

The selection of the best mobile phase setup is one of the most important factors to be considered prior to quantitative instrumentation of multiple pesticides. Usually, mobile phases comprises of water (A) and an organic solvent (B) are the setup used in liquid chromatography instruments for the analysis of pesticide residues in various samples. Unfortunately, most of the analyses are being carried out without optimization and selection of the best mobile phase setup to improve the sensitivity of the instrument. For that reason, the comparative analysis of the reportedly used mobile phases and some few suggested ones was carried out on the multi-pesticide mixture of 0.1 mg/kg (100 μg/kg) standard solutions and quantified with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) instrument. Consequently, the best mobile phases setup that resulted in the sum of average total chromatographic peak areas (ATCPAs) and average total chromatographic peak heights (ATCPH) for the total ion chromatography (TIC) scans as an index that correspond to the concentration levels was selected [0.1% formic acid in H2O (A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (ACN) (B)]. And further optimization was successfully carried out on the selected mobile phase-A and the resulted setup [1% ACN and 0.1% formic acid in Milli-Q-water (mobile phase A) coupled with 0.1% formic acid in ACN (mobile phase-B)] improved the instrumental sensitivity on the targeted analytes. Thus, this justify the potential benefits of optimizing setup of the mobile phases prior to LC–MS/MS instrumentation of multi-pesticide analytes.
Nanoparticles: Novel Approach to Mitigate Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Kumar Singh Sushil , Singh Sakshi , Singh Gautam Ashutosh , Kumar Virendra , Singh Rajput Ravish , Singh Rajput Manish
Published: April 2022

Pollution is one of the biggest challenges of current times. For control of environmental pollutants, degradation of these contaminants is need of times. Degradation of pollutants can be achieved by various physical and chemical or by physicochemical approaches. Since these methods are in efficient, hence development of biological methods began. Bioremediation is the approach of using bacteria, fungi, plants, algae, etc. to degrade wide range of environmental pollutants. Nano-bioremediation is one of such method which has received lot of attention in past few years. Nano-sized particles have large surface area relative to their volumes and thus have enhanced chemical and biological reactivity. Nano-bioremediation aims at reducing the contaminant concentrations to low risk-based levels and alleviating environmental impacts simultaneously. It brings the benefits to both nanotechnology and bioremediation together to achieve remediation which is more efficient, less time taking and eco-friendly.
Binarization Based on Maximum and Average Gray Values
Authors: Manuel Domínguez Nicolás Saúl
Published: April 2022

Many image processing techniques use binarization for object detection in images, where the objects and background are well distinct by their brightness values, where, the threshold level is globally assigned, on the other hand, if it’s adaptive, the threshold level is locally calculated. In order to determine the optimal binarization threshold, from an image with the mean gray values and extreme gray values, exchanging the mean gray values relating to automatic analisis for a standard histogram equalization, which can evaluate a wide range of image features, even when the gray values in both the object of interest and background of the image are not uniform.
Optimization of FC-CSP and MLCC Soldering Process Using Type 7 Solder Paste
Authors: Lee Hye-Min , Kim Mi-Song , Kim Myeongin , Hong Won Sik
Published: April 2022

To confirm the possibility of simultaneous bonding between Si chip and multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), vacuum reflow soldering is performed between a Si chip and each of 2012, 1608, 1005, 0603, and 0402 MLCCs using Type-7 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) and Sn-0.7Cu solder pastes. To enable an unbiased comparison with the vacuum reflow process, the Si chip and MLCCs are bonded via thermo-compression (TC) bonding and hot air reflow soldering, respectively. The maximum void content of Si chip solder joints bonded via vacuum reflow is 8%. At the MLCC solder joints, the void content yielded by vacuum reflow is lower than that yielded by hot air reflow. The bonding strength of the MLCC solder joint afforded by vacuum reflow is higher than that afforded by hot air reflow. Vacuum reflow is superior to hot air reflow in terms of the void content and bonding strength of the MLCC solder joint. After performing a thermal cycle test (TCT), a crack appeared at the Si chip solder joint bonded by TC bonding. The Cu pillar/Sn-2.5Ag bump is susceptible to cracks after the TCT owing to the insufficient bonding layer thickness yielded; however, the SAC305 sample from vacuum reflow is stable. Meanwhile, (Cu,Ni)6Sn5, Ni3P, and Ag3Sn intermetallic compounds are formed at the MLCC solder joints and then further developed after the TCT. The results of this study indicate the possibility of co-bonding Si chip with MLCCs for semiconductor packaging.
The Dawn of the Future-Like-Ours Argument Against Abortion
Authors: Di Muzio Gianluca ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2022

Although several scholars have held that the Greeks and the Romans viewed abortion as morally unproblematic, an examination of three ancient texts reveals that, starting around the first century CE, some Greek and Roman writers were willing to explore reasons for opposing abortion on ethical grounds (i.e., reasons based on the conviction that abortion is an injustice committed against the fetus). The three texts introduce a form of opposition to abortion that has come to be known in our time as the future-like-ours argument against abortion. The present paper explores the argument that emerges from the three ancient texts and compares it to the work of Don Marquis, the best-known contemporary defender of a future-like-ours argument against abortion. The comparison reveals significant similarities, which are ultimately attributable to a common set of intuitions about what makes killing wrong and premature death tragic.
A contribution to the sociological study of population - Suzana Marković Krstić: Population in the Sociological Context, University of Niš - Faculty of Philosophy, Niš, 2021
Authors: Stanojević Nenad
Published: April 2022

The paper presents a review of the textbook Population in the Sociological Context by Professor Suzana Marković Krstić, PhD. At the beginning, the importance of the sociological study of population is indicated, as well as the necessity of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches in studying this topic. Then the structure of the textbook is given, with the analysis of the key matters of the sociological study of population the author deals with.
Marx's and Engels' attitude towards the national question
Authors: Mandić Stefan
Published: April 2022

The main aim of this paper is to determine how Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels treated the national question. Proclaiming the class as the main historical player, Marx and Engels used to pass easily over the importance of a nation's player potential. However, practical-political reasons forced them to deal with topics related to the nation. First of all, they were aware of the explosive power of nationalism and because it could significantly influence the initiation of social revolution, but also its inhibition. Due to this fact, it was important for them to make the most of their political activities, but also to control the strength of the national feeling of different peoples. One could say that Marx's and Engels's attitude towards the nation was instrumental, i.e. it was seen as a potential tool in the revolutionary struggle. Marx and Engels described the peoples they perceived as the bearers of social revolution as a positive and progressive social force. On the other hand, Marx and Engels treated peoples who had a "reactionary historical role" with contempt and denied their right to exist.
A critical review of the rise of the neoliberal concept in economic policy
Authors: Ignjatović Jelena , Filipović Sanja
Published: April 2022

In the 1980s, the neoliberal concept was imposed as an economic-political doctrine based on the claim that the free market efficiently allocated resources and ensured world prosperity and peace. The aim of this paper is to try to provide one of the possible interpretations of neoliberal economy on the basis of the analysis of the development of economic thought. The foundations of liberal economy are defined by classical political economy, and the contribution was made by the neoclassical school of economics, but also other directions in the development of economic thought. Although proponents of the neoliberal economy have advocated liberalization and privatization to improve the general well-being of society, the global economic crisis and the COVID-19 crisis have shown the misconceptions and contradictions of neoliberal results that are not only ineffective in times of crisis but also contribute to global inequality.
Social and individual preconditions for intercultural communication
Authors: Marković-Savić Olivera , Bakić-Mirić Nataša
Published: April 2022

While multiculturalism is a political precondition for the legal guarantee and protection of minority groups, interculturality implies the establishment of relations between individuals or groups belonging to different cultures with the belief that human experience is enriched and developed through cultural contacts. In order for a person to understand other cultures, s/he must first of all know their own culture, which means language, religion, values, beliefs, norms and worldviews. Thus, current debates are particularly aimed at seeking an adequate relationship between modern nation-states and ethnic and national minorities that are either domiciled or new to their territories are of particular importance. Moreover, the solution is sought in intercultural communication as the next step that would embrace multicultural assumptions and lead individuals to respect their own and other cultures through the intercultural exchange that would be the final, desirable product of intended policies. The paper presents some of the assumptions for intercultural communication that help improve an interactive relationship with people and/or other cultural groups. The need to discuss these concepts lies in circumstances in which they cannot be ignored in the modern world, primarily because it is not possible to return to a time when groups with different cultural and identity backgrounds will no longer be interested in representing their diversity.
Alienation as a source of political decomposition of society
Authors: Matić Petar , Stojadinović Miša
Published: April 2022

There are plenty of challenges brought by modern society. Globalisation, modernisation, transition processes, social conflicts and off-the-charts development of technology have resulted in the world changing at overwhelming rates on a daily basis. In such circumstances, the individual finds himself/herself alienated from society. The aim of this paper is to analyse the complexities of the phenomenon of alienation in political theory, as a significant indicator of the collapse of democratic institutions. Following a detailed analysis of theories that are relevant for understanding political alienation, the paper at the same time presents experiences and perspectives of relevance for comprehending political alienation in the Republic of Serbia.
Changing the carriers of cultural memory through the prism of Debray's mediological theory
Authors: Vučković Branislava
Published: April 2022

One of the basic theoretical attitudes of Debray's mediological theory is deep interdependence of form and content of transmission (communication through time), i.e. carriers of the message and the message itself. Starting from that attitude and the hypothesis that change in the carriers of certain elements of cultural memory also leads to the change in its content, we have applied Debray's analytical model of transmission elements in the analysis of different carriers of cultural memory in Kosovo and Metohija. The aim of the research is to determine necessary changes in the content of transmission process already caused as a consequence of the changed form of transmission, i.e. to detect, by applying the comparative method, whether part of the cultural heritage is lost in that manner or whether new media are suitable carriers of transmission.
Capsize of Liftboat in Transit
Authors: Stewart William P.
Published: April 2022

The 2021 capsize of the liftboat Seacor Power, with loss of 13 lives, has focused attention on the afloat stability of liftboats in transit. This paper presents a numerical method of simulating the dynamic capsize of liftboats in waves using time domain analysis and a commonly used computer program. Capsize of a similar vessel to the Seacor Power is predicted in 6-ft quartering and beam seas even without wind. Model tests are proposed to help calibrate calculation techniques and define limiting metocean conditions more reliably for safe transit of liftboats.
Role of Classification in the Floating Wind Assurance
Authors: Szalewski Piotr , Galinski Robert
Published: April 2022

By 2050, global installed floating wind capacity is expected to reach 264 GW. Project sanction will require levelized cost of energy (LCOE) being significantly below current levels, but also to demonstrate that the life, property, and the environment are safeguarded.

Most class societies were established in late 1800’s as independent organizations addressing technical risks in shipping industry. In 1980’s classification model has been successfully extended to the offshore oil and gas, resulting in significant safety improvements and cost savings. Most recently, the same model has been successfully applied to offshore fish farms.

During the last decades classification has been transforming towards fully risk and data driven solutions. By using fleet-wide knowledge, significant cost savings are generated and passed to the asset owner and operator. This makes classification ideally suited to floating wind.

The paper discusses areas of class society involvement in certification of floating wind foundations, including mooring system and wind turbine interface. Risk based integrity management in harsh environments the floating wind platforms are expected to operate are addressed. Potential impact is illustrated using examples from the past where such benefits were realized, including using fleet data to improve efficiencies and reduce costs. Required adaptation of classification concepts to specifics of the floating wind are also discussed.

The paper also shares examples of class society role and activities beyond certification and assurance. We hope this will help appreciate the overall value of classification provides and encourage the industry to tap into benefits from its broad knowledge and experience.
Design and Analysis of Tidal Turbines via a Nonlinear Optimization Technique Coupled with a BEM
Authors: Kim Seungnam , Wu Thomas S. , Kinnas Spyros A.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a nonlinear optimization method is coupled with a boundary element method (BEM) to design optimum ocean current turbines, and some preliminary results are presented. The optimum turbine geometry is designed to produce the highest power output under several initial constraints. The coordinates of the blade are defined using a B-spline geometry with 4×4 control points being the parameters to be optimized for a given thrust/inflow in the absence of any cavitation. The design process is repeated in an iterative manner by a fully automated interface, which interacts between the hydrodynamic BEM and nonlinear optimization method until the blade geometry becomes fully stabilized, producing maximum power. The present method is first applied to ocean current turbines in open water condition to investigate the influence of design constraints and wake alignment models on the optimal efficiency of the designed blades. full-blown RANS simulations are conducted separately to validate the predicted analysis results using the optimal blade geometry. Comparisons show satisfactory agreement between the results from the present method and those from viscous simulations, and importantly a significant impact of the wake alignment model on the turbine blade design.
Coupled Control for Motion Compensated Offshore Operations
Authors: Rossin Bruno , Sreenivasan Atheendra , De Kruif Bas
Published: April 2022

The use of motion compensated equipment has become more frequent in modern DP operations, especially the ones related to the installation, maintenance and decommissioning of offshore wind turbines. In these operations, while low-frequency motions are compensated by DP systems, wave-frequency motions are compensated by gripper frames, heave compensators, hexapods, gangways and other type of motion compensated equipment. A study was performed to investigate if the coupling of a dynamic positioning system with a motion compensation device could improve the accuracy and efficiency of offshore motion compensated operations. The reference case consisted of the positioning of a payload, hanging on a ship-mounted crane, by means of a single horizontal active tugger line and the ship's DP system. Four controllers – consisting of two levels of awareness and two tuning conditions – were designed and implemented in a numerical model. The four strategies were then evaluated in terms of position offsets and actuator usage under a number of sea-states. Results demonstrated that coupled controllers are able to decrease the position deviations of the motion compensated object and decrease the usage of the motion compensation device. The paper describes the control strategies, numerical models and results of the simulations.
Prediction of Vessel RAOs: Applications of Deep Learning to Assist in Design
Authors: Frizzell James , Furth Mirjam
Published: April 2022

In an age of high-paced design, a need arises for engineers to quickly estimate the feasibility of their ideas without spending weeks developing a computer model. At the same time, the use of machine learning models, or neural networks, in the maritime industry has grown substantially over the past years. By further extending the use of these predictive models in the design phase, marine engineers and naval architects can expedite their work.

This paper focuses on the creation of a neural network that can estimate the Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) of a vessel given its characteristic properties such as length, beam, and draft. A dataset was collected through a parametric design analysis of box barges using ANSYS AQWA, and the RAO was simulated for all 6 degrees of freedom. A critically damped spring equation was generated for each degree. A Keras Neural Network Model was trained on the three parameters and the wave heading angle, with the hidden layers and neuron count being adjusted to optimize the loss and maximize R-squared.

To validate the results, a series of box barges with dimensions that were not a part of the training dataset were simulated in ANSYS, while the virtual model with identical characteristics was simulated with the Neural Network. The resulting RAOs were compared to validify the accuracy of the Neural Network.

With this predictive model, engineers can quickly determine a hullform’s RAOs, and compare the response with the common sea states along the intended route. Additionally, the model can assist in design iteration. As the hull shape gradually changes, the new RAOs can be estimated to ensure that the design is progressing in an appropriate direction.
Modeling Aspects of Running Ductile Fracture Propagation in High Pressure Line Pipes
Authors: Paredes Marcelo
Published: April 2022

Multi-physics simulations are becoming increasingly important in the time where full-scale test facilities and materials are turning out costly. Moreover, the new transition trend of energy production from fossil fuels to renewable sources like solar, wind and hydrogen is pushing forward the development of new technologies for harvesting, storage and transportation. For the latter, the existing pipeline network is intended to be utilized for moving a mixture of hydrogen with natural gases from clean hydrogen production centers to consumers. Understanding the coupling of fluid-structure interaction with thermodynamics of the mixtures is imperative to assure more reliable and fail-safe operations of the infrastructure for production and transportation. In this short survey, a phenomenological fracture model along with coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian/Fluid-Structure interaction model is reviewed. It is shown that the obtained simulation results are in good agreement with experimental tests at laboratory scale and full-scale settings.
Trendi v sekundarni preventivi po srčnem infarktu – umestitev novosti
Authors: Turk Veselič Martina , Šabovič Mišo
Published: April 2022

Cilj sekundarne preventive po srčnem infarktu je zmanjšati tveganje za ponovne srčno-žilne dogodke, druge zaplete in umrljivost. Kljub medikamentni terapiji, ki so jo skozi čas priporočale smernice, je vedno ostajalo in še ostaja prisotno določeno preostalo srčno-žilno tveganje. Namen novejših raziskav je bil z dodatkom predvsem protitrombotičnih, hipolipemičnih ali protivnetnih zdravil brez pojavljanja pomembnih neželenih učinkov znižati to prisotno tveganje. V sklopu protitrombotičnega zdravljenja se je tako eno leto po akutnem koronarnem sindromu kot dodatek aspirinu izkazalo učinkovito podaljšano zdravljenje s tikagrelorjem ali z nizkimi odmerki rivaroksabana. Veliko novosti je tudi na področju hipolipemičnega zdravljenja, ki kot najbolj koristno zagovarja čim večje znižanje holesterola LDL. Raziskave kažejo, da so za doseganje ciljev učinkoviti ezetimib in zaviralci PCSK9. Tretja možnost učinkovitega proti-aterosklerotičnega zdravljenja so protivnetna zdravila, ki pa se še niso prebila v klinično prakso. Pri bolnikih po srčnem infarktu s sočasno sladkorno boleznijo dodaten ukrep v izboljšanju srčno-žilne napovedi izida omogoča uporaba agonistov receptorjev GLP-1 (angl. glucagon-like polypeptide-1) in zaviralcev SGLT2 (angl. sodium-glucose co-transporter 2). Če bolniki izpolnjujejo merila za uvedbo novih terapevtskih možnosti, je poleg zdravega življenjskega sloga smiselno čim bolj optimizirati medikamentno zdravljenje, saj lahko ob tem pričakujemo nadaljnje znižanje preostalega srčno-žilnega tveganja in s tem izboljšanje kakovosti življenja po srčnem infarktu.
Parental autonomy support and homework completion: Mediating effects of chil-dren’s academic self-efficacy, purpose for doing homework, and homework-related emotions
Authors: Valdés-Cuervo Angel A. , Grijalva-Quiñonez Christian S. , Parra-Pérez Lizeth Guadalupe
Published: April 2022

Parenting qualities may affect children’s homework achievement. The present study examined the relationship among parental autonomy support, children’s academic self-efficacy, learning-oriented purposes for doing homework, positive homework-related emotions, and homework completion. The sample included 984 children (M age = 10.68 years, SD = 0.63), 502 (51%) boys and 482 (49%) girls from elementary schools of Sonora, Mexico. A structural model and multigroup invariance by gender and academic achievement was calculated. The structural model indicated that parental autonomy support had a direct positive relation with children’s academic self-efficacy, learning-oriented purposes, and positive emotions in homework; it also had an indirect effect in homework completion by its positive association with these psychological resources. A multi-group analysis indicates that gender and academic achievement did not moderate the structural relations. Overall, findings suggest that parental autonomy support is critical to promote homework completion in elementary school children.

La calidad de la crianza afecta el desempeño de los niños en las tareas escolares. El presente estudio examinó las relaciones entre el apoyo parental a la autonomía, la autoeficacia académica, el propósito de realizar las tareas por aprender, las emociones positivas y la terminación de las tareas escolares. La muestra incluye 984 estudiantes (M edad = 10.68 años, DS = 0.63), 502 (51%) niños y 482 (49%) niñas de escuelas primarias de Sonora, México. Se calculó un modelo estructural. El modelo estructural indica que el apoyo parental a la autonomía se relaciona directamente de forma positiva con la autoeficacia académica, el propósito de aprender en las tares, las emociones positivas y la terminación de las tareas. El análisis multigrupo muestra que el sexo y el desempeño académico del niño no moderan las relaciones propuestas en el modelo estructural. En general, los resultados sugieren que el apoyo parental a la autonomía promueve la terminación de las tareas en la educación primaria.
Differences in psychological distress, resilience and cognitive emotional regulation strategies in adults during the Coronavirus pandemic: A cross-cultural study of Poland and Spain.
Authors: Palomera Raquel , González-Yubero Sara , Mojsa-Kaja Justyna , Szklarczyk-Smolana Klaudia
Published: April 2022

Background. The objective of this cross-cultural study was to analyze the differences in resilience, cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS), as well as psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic between Poland and Spain. Method. An online survey was conducted on a sample of 1,182 adults. A MANOVA analysis was carried out to examine the differences in the studied variables between these countries. This was followed by MANCOVA analysis to control for gender and age. Linear regression analyses segmented by country were conducted in order to identify psychological distress prediction models. Results. Polish population was characterized by higher levels of anxiety, less resilience and more maladaptive CERS during the lockdown. Spanish population was more affected by stress but used more adaptable CERS and was more resilient. Age and female gender appeared as risk factors of psychological distress in Spain. The psychological distress prediction models were found to be different between both countries: adaptive CERS was predictive only in Spain, and resilience was predictive only in Poland. Conclusions. This study could guide in initiatives for the promotion of psychological well-being as a way to prevent psychopathological disorders during the pandemic.

Antecedentes. El objetivo de este estudio transcultural fue analizar las diferencias en resiliencia, estrategias de regulación cognitiva de las emociones (CERS) y distress psicológico durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en Polonia y España. Método. Se realizó una encuesta online en una muestra de 1,182 adultos. Se llevó a cabo un análisis MANOVA para examinar las diferencias en las variables estudiadas entre estos países. Esto fue seguido de un análisis MANCOVA controlando el sexo y la edad. Se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal segmentados por país con el fin de identificar modelos predictivos de distrés psicológico. Resultados. La población polaca se caracterizó por niveles más altos de ansiedad, menos resiliencia y más uso de CERS desadaptativas durante el confinamiento. La población española sufrió más estrés pero utilizó CERS adaptativas y fue más resiliente. La edad y el sexo femenino aparecieron como factores de riesgo de malestar psicológico en España. Se encontró que los modelos de predicción de distrés psicológico fueron diferentes en ambos países: las CERS adaptativas fueron predictivas en España y la resiliencia fue predictiva en Polonia. Conclusiones. Este estudio podría guiar en iniciativas para la promoción del bienestar psicológico como vía para prevenir trastornos psicopatológicos durante la pandemia.