bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What are the solutions for well-being and burn-out for healthcare professionals? An umbrella realist review of learnings of individual-focused interventions for critical care
Authors: Adnan Nurul Bahirah Binte , Dafny Hila Ariela , Baldwin Claire , Jakimowitz Samantha , Chalmers Debra , Aroury Ammar Moh'd Ahmad , Chamberlain Diane
Published: September 2022

Objective

To determine what, how, for whom and under what conditions individual-focused interventions are effective to improve well-being and decrease burn-out among critical care healthcare professionals.

Design

This study is an umbrella review that used the realist approach, using Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Synthesis: Evolving Standards guidelines. PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov and ISRCTN databases were searched for published and unpublished systematic reviews and meta-analyses literature between 2016 and 2020. The team appraised and extracted data and identified relationships between content, mechanism and outcomes (CMOs). Theory prepositions were developed using CMOs and were used to refine the existing programme.

Results

A total of 81 interventions from 17 reviews were mapped, including mindfulness interventions, cognitive–behavioural therapy, self-care and coping strategies. The revised programme theory determined that contextual factors such as ethnicity, workload, and work schedules play a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of interventions. Mechanisms including the interventions’ interests, acceptance, and receptivity are also influential in determining engagement and adherence to the intervention. Findings suggest that the solution for burn-out is complex. However, it offers an optimistic view of tailoring and customising one or a combination of interventions, integrating structured education and components of emotional intelligence. Self-care, social support, awareness or mindfulness and self-efficacy are prime components to improve emotional intelligence and resilience for critical care healthcare professionals to improve well-being and decrease burn-out experience.

Conclusions

These findings provide realistic and reliable reporting of outcomes to better support implementation within the ‘real world’. Future research such as seeking validation using expert opinions can provide further in depth understanding of hidden contextual factors, mechanisms and their interactions to provide a greater depth of knowledge ready for application with the critical care population.
Use of technology to provide mental health services to youth experiencing homelessness: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Lal Shalini , Elias Sarah , Sieu Vida , Peredo Rossana
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Despite the importance to address mental health issues as early as possible, youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) often lack prompt and easy access to health services. Recently, there has been a surge of studies focusing on leveraging technology to improve access to mental health services for YEH; however, limited efforts have been made to synthesise this literature, which can have important implications for the planning of mental health service delivery. Thus, this scoping review aims to map and synthesise research on the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to provide mental health services and interventions to YEH.

Methods and analysis

A scoping review of the literature will be conducted, following Arksey and O’Malley’s proposed methodology, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews and recent guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute. All peer-reviewed papers using ICTs as a means of intervention will be considered, as well as grey literature. Only documents in English or French will be included in the analysis. First, 10 electronic databases will be consulted. Next, all data will be extracted into Covidence. Then, two reviewers will independently conduct the screening and data extraction process, in the case of discrepancies, a third reviewer will be included. Finally, data will be synthesised according to our objectives.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required, as data will be collected from published literature. Findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed journals.
Pre-COVID-19 pandemic health-related behaviours in children (2018–2020) and association with being tested for SARS-CoV-2 and testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (2020–2021): a retrospective cohort study using survey data linked with routine health data in Wales, UK
Authors: Marchant Emily , Lowthian Emily , Crick Tom , Griffiths Lucy J , Fry Richard , Dadaczynski Kevin , Okan Orkan , James Michaela , Cowley Laura , Torabi Fatemeh , Kennedy Jonathan , Akbari Ashley , Lyons Ronan , Brophy Sinead
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Examine if pre-COVID-19 pandemic (prior March 2020) health-related behaviours during primary school are associated with (1) being tested for SARS-CoV-2 and (2) testing positive between 1 March 2020 and 31 August 2021.

Design

Retrospective cohort study using an online cohort survey (January 2018 to February 2020) linked with routine PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results.

Setting

Children attending primary schools in Wales (2018–2020), UK, who were part of the Health and Attainment of Pupils in a Primary Education Network (HAPPEN)_school network.

Participants

Complete linked records of eligible participants were obtained for n=7062 individuals. 39.1% (n=2764) were tested (age 10.6±0.9; 48.9% girls) and 8.1% (n=569) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (age 10.6±1.0; 54.5% girls).

Main outcome measures

Logistic regression of health-related behaviours and demographics were used to determine the ORs of factors associated with (1) being tested for SARS-CoV-2 and (2) testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Results

Consuming sugary snacks (1–2 days/week OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.49; 5–6 days/week OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.61; reference 0 days), can swim 25 m (OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.39) and age (OR=1.25, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.35) were associated with an increased likelihood of being tested for SARS-CoV-2. Eating breakfast (OR=1.52, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.27), weekly physical activity ≥60 min (1–2 days OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.74; 3–4 days OR=1.76, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.82; reference 0 days), out-of-school club participation (OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10), can ride a bike (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.93), age (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.28) and girls (OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.46) were associated with an increased likelihood of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Living in least deprived areas (quintile 4 OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.90; quintile 5 OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.89) compared with the most deprived (quintile 1) was associated with a decreased likelihood.

Conclusions

Associations may be related to parental health literacy and monitoring behaviours. Physically active behaviours may include coparticipation with others and exposure to SARS-CoV-2. A risk-versus-benefit approach must be considered in relation to promoting these health behaviours, given the importance of health-related behaviours such as childhood physical activity for development.
Global, regional and national trends in statin utilisation in high-income and low/middle-income countries, 2015–2020
Authors: Guadamuz Jenny S , Shooshtari Andrew , Qato Dima M
Published: September 2022

Objective

Prior studies have reported inequitable global access to essential medicines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, especially statins. Here we examine recent trends and disparities in statin utilisation at the income group, regional and country levels.

Design

Ecological study. Pharmaceutical sales data were used to examine statin utilisation in high-income counties (HICs) and low/middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2015 to 2020. Population estimates were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease. Fixed-effects panel regression analysis was used to examine associations between statin utilisation and country-level factors.

Setting

Global, including 41 HICs and 50 LMICs.

Participants

Population older than 40 years of age.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Statin utilisation was measured using defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 population ≥40 years per day (TPD).

Results

Globally, statin utilisation increased 24.7% from 54.7 DDDs/TPD in 2015 to 68.3 DDDs/TPD in 2020. However, regional and income group disparities persisted during this period. In 2020, statin utilisation was more than six times higher in HICs than LMICs (192.4 vs 28.4 DDDs/TPD, p<0.01). Substantial disparities were also observed between LMICs, ranging from 3.1 DDDs/TPD in West African nations to 225.0 DDDs/TPD in Lebanon in 2020. While statin utilisation increased in most LMICs between 2015 and 2020, several experienced declines in utilisation, most notably Venezuela (−85.1%, from 92.3 to 14.0 DDDs/TPD). In LMICs, every $100 increase in per capita health spending was associated with a 17% increase in statin utilisation, while every 10% increase in out-of-pocket health spending was associated with a 11% decline (both p<0.05).

Conclusions

Despite global increases in statin utilisation, there are substantial regional and country-level disparities between HICs and LMICs. To address global CVD disparities, policymakers should promote increased and equitable access to statins in LMICs.
Access to family resources by families living with schizophrenia: a qualitative study of primary care workers in urban Beijing, China
Authors: Wang Meirong , Chen Lifen , Tang Juan , Wei Yun , Jin Guanghui , Lu Xiaoqin
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the access to family resources by families living with schizophrenia from the perspective of primary care workers in Beijing, and provide evidence for appropriate and effective family resource coordination in primary care.

Design

Qualitative research using individual in-depth interviews to identify the access to family resources by families living with schizophrenia from the perspective of primary care workers.

Setting

This study was conducted from September to December 2021 in six urban community health service centres (CHSCs) in Beijing, China.

Participants

3 general practitioners and 10 mental health doctors selected by purposive sampling method from 6 CHSCs in urban Beijing were interviewed.

Results

Five themes emerged from the insights of the primary care workers: most family resources are non-targeted for families living with schizophrenia, the publicity of family resources is difficult, burdensome application process of family resources, limited available community-based treatment options and stigma hindering effective communication between families and society.

Conclusions

It is necessary to simplify the application process of family resources and provide primary care workers with systematic training regarding family resources. More family resources and improved public attitudes should be promoted for patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers.
Existing guidance on reporting of consensus methodology: a systematic review to inform ACCORD guideline development
Authors: van Zuuren Esther J , Logullo Patricia , Price Amy , Fedorowicz Zbys , Hughes Ellen L , Gattrell William T
Published: September 2022

Objective

To identify evidence on the reporting quality of consensus methodology and to select potential checklist items for the ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document (ACCORD) project to develop a consensus reporting guideline.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Emcare, Academic Search Premier and PsycINFO from inception until 7 January 2022.

Eligibility criteria

Studies, reviews and published guidance addressing the reporting quality of consensus methodology for improvement of health outcomes in biomedicine or clinical practice. Reports of studies using or describing consensus methods but not commenting on their reporting quality were excluded. No language restrictions were applied.

Data extraction and synthesis

Screening and data extraction of eligible studies were carried out independently by two authors. Reporting quality items addressed by the studies were synthesised narratively.

Results

Eighteen studies were included: five systematic reviews, four narrative reviews, three research papers, three conference abstracts, two research guidance papers and one protocol. The majority of studies indicated that the quality of reporting of consensus methodology could be improved. Commonly addressed items were: consensus panel composition; definition of consensus and the threshold for achieving consensus. Items least addressed were: public patient involvement (PPI); the role of the steering committee, chair, cochair; conflict of interest of panellists and funding. Data extracted from included studies revealed additional items that were not captured in the data extraction form such as justification of deviation from the protocol or incentives to encourage panellist response.

Conclusion

The results of this systematic review confirmed the need for a reporting checklist for consensus methodology and provided a range of potential checklist items to report. The next step in the ACCORD project builds on this systematic review and focuses on reaching consensus on these items to develop the reporting guideline.

Protocol registration

https://osf.io/2rzm9.
Risk and protective factors for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery and valvular interventions: an umbrella review of meta-analyses
Authors: Charitakis Emmanouil , Tsartsalis Dimitrios , Korela Dafni , Stratinaki Maria , Vanky Farkas , Charitos Efstratios I , Alfredsson Joakim , Karlsson Lars O , Foukarakis Emmanouil , Aggeli Constantina , Tsioufis Costas , Walfridsson Håkan , Dragioti Elena
Published: September 2022

Objective

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication affecting approximately one-third of patients after cardiac surgery and valvular interventions. This umbrella review systematically appraises the epidemiological credibility of published meta-analyses of both observational and randomised controlled trials (RCT) to assess the risk and protective factors of POAF.

Methods

Three databases were searched up to June 2021. According to established criteria, evidence of association was rated as convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak or not significant concerning observational studies and as high, moderate, low or very low regarding RCTs.

Results

We identified 47 studies (reporting 61 associations), 13 referring to observational studies and 34 to RCTs. Only the transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) approach was associated with the prevention of POAF and was supported by convincing evidence from meta-analyses of observational data. Two other associations provided highly suggestive evidence, including preoperative hypertension and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Three associations between protective factors and POAF presented a high level of evidence in meta-analyses, including RCTs. These associations included atrial and biatrial pacing and performing a posterior pericardiotomy. Nineteen associations were supported by moderate evidence, including use of drugs such as amiodarone, b-blockers, glucocorticoids and statins and the performance of TAVR compared with surgical aortic valve replacement.

Conclusions

Our study provides evidence confirming the protective role of amiodarone, b-blockers, atrial pacing and posterior pericardiotomy against POAF as well as highlights the risk of untreated hypertension. Further research is needed to assess the potential role of statins, glucocorticoids and colchicine in the prevention of POAF.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021268268.
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: new diagnoses and disease flares
Authors: Carubbi Francesco , Alunno Alessia , Santilli Jessica , Natali Laura , Mancini Bernardina , Di Gregorio Nicoletta , Del Pinto Rita , Viscido Angelo , Grassi Davide , Ferri Claudio
Published: September 2022

Objective

New-onset immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and flares of pre-existing IMIDs have been reported following anti- SARS-CoV2 vaccination. Our study aimed at describing a retrospective cohort of patients developing new-onset IMIDs or flares of known IMIDs within 30 days after any anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine dose.

Methods

We evaluated clinical records of all inpatients and outpatients referring to our institution between February 2021 and February 2022 with any clinical manifestations. We then selected those having received any anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine dose within the prior 30 days and classified them as having or not a previous IMID according to predefined criteria. We recorded new-onset IMIDs or flares of known IMIDs and investigated any relationship with demographic, clinical and serological variables.

Results

153 patients that received any anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine dose within the previous 30 days were included of which 45 (29%) already had a diagnosis of IMID while 108 (71%) had no previously diagnosed IMID. 33 (30%) of the 108 patients, were diagnosed with a new-onset IMID. Pericarditis, polymyalgia rheumatica and vasculitis were the most frequent conditions. Among the 45 patients that already had an IMID, disease flare was the reason for referral in 69% of patients. Patients with an IMID flare had a lower number of comorbidities and tended to be younger compared with those who developed other conditions after anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccination.

Conclusion

We provided a retrospective overview of a cohort of patients who developed new-onset IMIDs or flares of known IMIDs within 30 days after any dose of anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccine. While vaccination campaigns proceed, postvaccination surveillance programmes are ongoing and hopefully will soon clarify whether a causal relationship between vaccines and new-onset/flares of IMIDs exists.
Humoral and cellular SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in patients with giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: van Sleen Yannick , van der Geest Kornelis S M , Reitsema Rosanne D , Esen Idil , Terpstra Janneke H , Raveling-Eelsing Elisabeth , van der Heiden Marieke , Lieber Thomas , Buisman Annemarie M , van Baarle Debbie , Sandovici Maria , Brouwer Elisabeth
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are overlapping autoinflammatory diseases affecting people over 50 years. The diseases are treated with immunosuppressive drugs such as prednisolone, methotrexate, leflunomide and tocilizumab. In this study, we assessed the immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in these diseases (based on humoral and cellular immunity).

Methods

Patients (n=45 GCA, n=33 PMR) visited the outpatient clinic twice: pre-vaccination and 4 weeks after the second dose (BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 vaccine). Patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were excluded. In both pre-vaccination and post-vaccination samples, anti-Spike antibody concentrations were assessed and compared with age-, sex- and vaccine-matched control groups (n=98). In addition, the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific T-cells was assessed by IFN-γ ELIspot assay, and side effects and disease activity were recorded.

Results

GCA/PMR patients did not have reduced antibody concentrations compared with controls. However, linear regression analysis revealed a significant association of methotrexate and >10 mg/day prednisolone use with lower antibody concentrations in GCA/PMR patients. Evidence of cellular immunity, as assessed by ELIspot assay, was found in 67% of GCA/PMR patients. Patients using >10 mg/day prednisolone had reduced cellular immunity. Importantly, vaccination did not lead to significant side effects or changes in disease activity.

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was safe for GCA/PMR patients and immunogenicity was comparable to other older individuals. However, patients using methotrexate and particularly >10 mg/day prednisolone did show lower vaccine responses, which corroborates findings in other autoinflammatory patient populations. These patients may therefore be at higher risk of (potentially even severe) breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Informing silvicultural strategies for a climate-resilient species: initial insights from an incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) spacing trial
Authors: Cox Lauren E. , York Robert A. , Battles John J.
Published: September 2022

Incense-cedar ( Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin) is a drought-resistant conifer species native to the western United States that is host to few lethal pests and pathogens. Quantifying its survival and growth after planting is important for defining its potential place within future silvicultural prescriptions. Our objectives are to understand the impact of (1) spacing and herbivore protectors on seedling survival, (2) spacing on growing space occupancy after 19 years, and (3) spacing on individual tree and stand characteristics. The use of herbivory protection had a positive influence on seedling survival (96% survival with protection; 92% survival without protection). After 19 years, including drought conditions, 89% of planting spots were occupied by a live tree. Mean live crown ratios occurred across a narrow range, from 89.4 to 97.8, indicating a lack of differentiation at this phase of stand development. Wider spacing treatments resulted in the expected trade-off of larger individual tree sizes but lower stand-level volume. Because of persistent live crowns, thinning and pruning are potential strategies not only to reduce fire risk but also to improve timber quality. Our results also support the contention that incense-cedar is a species well-adapted to the anticipated future climate.
Assessing the State of Self-Supervised Human Activity Recognition Using Wearables
Authors: Haresamudram Harish , Essa Irfan , Plötz Thomas
Published: September 2022

The emergence of self-supervised learning in the field of wearables-based human activity recognition (HAR) has opened up opportunities to tackle the most pressing challenges in the field, namely to exploit unlabeled data to derive reliable recognition systems for scenarios where only small amounts of labeled training samples can be collected. As such, self-supervision, i.e., the paradigm of 'pretrain-then-finetune' has the potential to become a strong alternative to the predominant end-to-end training approaches, let alone hand-crafted features for the classic activity recognition chain. Recently a number of contributions have been made that introduced self-supervised learning into the field of HAR, including, Multi-task self-supervision, Masked Reconstruction, CPC, and SimCLR, to name but a few. With the initial success of these methods, the time has come for a systematic inventory and analysis of the potential self-supervised learning has for the field. This paper provides exactly that. We assess the progress of self-supervised HAR research by introducing a framework that performs a multi-faceted exploration of model performance. We organize the framework into three dimensions, each containing three constituent criteria, such that each dimension captures specific aspects of performance, including the robustness to differing source and target conditions, the influence of dataset characteristics, and the feature space characteristics. We utilize this framework to assess seven state-of-the-art self-supervised methods for HAR, leading to the formulation of insights into the properties of these techniques and to establish their value towards learning representations for diverse scenarios.
Interlocking Spiral Drawings Inspired by M. C. Escher’s Print
Whirlpools
Authors: Ouyang Peichang , Gdawiec Krzysztof , Nicolas Alain , Bailey David , Chung Kwok Wai
Published: September 2022

Whirlpools
, by the Dutch graphic artist M. C. Escher, is a woodcut print in which fish interlock as a double spiral tessellation. Inspired by this print, in this article we extend the idea and present a general method to create Escher-like interlocking spiral drawings of
N
whirlpools. To this end, we first introduce an algorithm for constructing regular spiral tiling
T
. Then, we design a suitable spiral tiling
T
and use
N
copies of
T
to compose an interlocking spiral tiling
K
of
N
whirlpools. To create Escher-like drawings similar to the print, we next specify realization details of using wallpaper templates to decorate
K
. To enhance the aesthetic appeal, we propose several measures to minimize motif overlaps of the spiral drawings. Technologically, we develop algorithms for generating Escher-like drawings that can be implemented using shaders. The method established is thus able to generate a great variety of exotic Escher-like interlocking spiral drawings.
Explainable AI (XAI): Core Ideas, Techniques, and Solutions
Authors: Dwivedi Rudresh , Dave Devam , Naik Het , Singhal Smiti , Omer Rana , Patel Pankesh , Qian Bin , Wen Zhenyu , Shah Tejal , Morgan Graham , Ranjan Rajiv
Published: September 2022

As our dependence on intelligent machines continues to grow, so does the demand for more transparent and interpretable models. In addition, the ability to explain the model generally is now the gold standard for building trust and deployment of artificial intelligence systems in critical domains. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to provide a suite of machine learning techniques that enable human users to understand, appropriately trust, and produce more explainable models. Selecting an appropriate approach for building an XAI-enabled application requires a clear understanding of the core ideas within XAI and the associated programming frameworks. We survey state-of-the-art programming techniques for XAI and present the different phases of XAI in a typical machine learning development process. We classify the various XAI approaches and, using this taxonomy, discuss the key differences among the existing XAI techniques. Furthermore, concrete examples are used to describe these techniques that are mapped to programming frameworks and software toolkits. It is the intention that this survey will help stakeholders in selecting the appropriate approaches, programming frameworks, and software toolkits by comparing them through the lens of the presented taxonomy.
Seeing the Whole Elephant: Systematically Understanding and Uncovering Evaluation Biases in Automated Program Repair
Authors: Yang Deheng , Lei Yan , Mao Xiaoguang , Qi Yuhua , Yi Xin
Published: September 2022

Evaluation is the foundation of automated program repair (APR), as it provides empirical evidence on strengths and weaknesses of APR techniques. However, the reliability of such evaluation is often threatened by various introduced biases. Consequently, bias exploration, which uncovers biases in the APR evaluation, has become a pivotal activity and performed since the early years when pioneer APR techniques were proposed. Unfortunately, there is still no methodology to support a systematic comprehension and discovery of evaluation biases in APR, which impedes the mitigation of such biases and threatens the evaluation of APR techniques.

In this work, we propose to systematically understand existing evaluation biases by rigorously conducting the first systematic literature review on existing known biases and systematically uncover new biases by building a taxonomy that categorizes evaluation biases. As a result, we identify 17 investigated biases and uncover a new bias in the usage of patch validation strategies. To validate this new bias, we devise and implement an executable framework
APRConfig
, based on which we evaluate three typical patch validation strategies with four representative heuristic-based and constraint-based APR techniques on three bug datasets. Overall, this article distills 13 findings for bias understanding, discovery, and validation. The systematic exploration we performed and the open source executable framework we proposed in this article provide new insights as well as an infrastructure for future exploration and mitigation of biases in APR evaluation.
How the Quality of Maintenance Tasks is Affected by Criteria for Selecting Engineers for Collaboration
Authors: Pérez Francisca , Lapeña Raúl , Marcén Ana , Cetina Carlos
Published: September 2022

In industry, software projects might span over decades, with many engineers joining or leaving the company over time. In these circumstances, no single engineer has all of the knowledge when maintenance tasks such as Traceability Link Recovery (TLR), Bug Localization (BL), and Feature Location (FL) are performed. Thus, collaboration has the potential to boost the quality of maintenance tasks since the solution advanced by one engineer might be enhanced with contributions from other engineers. However, assembling a team of software engineers to collaborate may not be as intuitive as we might think. In the context of a worldwide industrial supplier of railway solutions, this work evaluates how the quality of TLR, BL, and FL is affected by the criteria for selecting engineers for collaboration. The criteria for collaboration are based on engineers’ profile information to select the set of search queries that are involved in the maintenance task. Collaboration is achieved by applying automatic query reformulation, and the location relies on an evolutionary algorithm. Our work uncovers how software engineers who might be seen as not being relevant in the collaboration can lead to significantly better results. A focus group confirmed the relevance of the findings.
Cloning and Expression Analysis of After-Ripening Related Genes in Panax ginseng Seed
Authors: Qu Qingling , Zhao Shoujing , Wang Xuesong
Published: September 2022

Panax ginseng enjoys a wide range of medicinal applications and good economic value, the market demand is large, but Panax ginseng seed’s after-ripening characteristic seriously restricts development of Panax ginseng industry. In this experiment, starting from the main action hormone ABA and GA of Panax ginseng, primers of GA and ABA related to Panax ginseng seed after-ripening were screened and designed, and the possible relationship between transcription factor WRKY gene and Panax ginseng seed after-ripening was probed. Semiquantitative and quantitative real-time PCR of these genes were performed. ABA and GA-related metabolizing enzymes play an important role in the process of Panax ginseng seed after-ripening, and WRKY transcription factor regulates gene expression. In this study, we cloned the PgGA2ox gene, which is the key metabolic enzyme of GA, and analyzed the genes by the bioinformatics software, which laid a foundation for studying the molecular mechanism of Panax ginseng seed after-ripening.
Security Threats to Voice Services in 5G Standalone Networks
Authors: Cui Zhiwei , Cui Baojiang , Fu Junsong , Dong Renhai
Published: September 2022

With the rapid development of 5G SA (standalone) networks, increasing subscribers are motivated to make calls through 5G. To support voice services critical to mobile users, 5G SA networks adopt two solutions: VoNR (Voice Over New Radio) and EPS (Evolved Packet System) fallback. At this stage, 5G SA networks provide voice services through EPS fallback, which leverages 4G networks to support voice calls for 5G users. This switch between cellular network systems may expose vulnerabilities to adversaries. However, there is a lack of security research on voice services in the 5G SA network. In this paper, we analyze the security of EPS fallback and its closely related IMS from the perspective of the protocol and the practices of the carriers. We uncover two protocol design vulnerabilities and two implementation flaws. In addition, we exploit them to design three attacks: voice DoS, voice monitoring, and SMS spoofing and interception. We validated these vulnerabilities and attacks using SDR (software-defined radio) tools and a set of open-source software in three mobile carriers. Our analysis reveals that the problems stem from both specifications and carrier networks. We finally propose several potential countermeasures to defend these attacks.
Fast Detection of Defective Insulator Based on Improved YOLOv5s
Authors: Liquan Zhao , Mengjun Zou , Ying Cui , Yanfei Jia
Published: September 2022

Defective insulator detection is an essential part of transmission line inspections based on unmanned aerial vehicles. It can timely discover insulator defects and repair them to avoid a power transmission accident. The detection speed of defective insulators based on artificial intelligence directly affects inspection efficiency. To improve the detection speed of defective insulators based on YOLOv5s, an improved detection method with faster detection speed and acceptable precision is proposed. First, a new ResNet unit with three branches is designed based on depthwise separable convolution with kernel three and average pooling. To reduce parameters, the new ResNet unit is used to replace the original ResNet unit used in the CSP1_X module in YOLOv5s. Besides, we also introduce channel shuffle in the CSP1_X module to facilitate the flow of feature information from different channels. Second, a new residual CBL module is designed based on depthwise separable and standard convolution. The new residual CBL module is used to replace the two CBL modules used in the CSP2_X module in YOLOv5s to reduce parameters and extract more useful features. Third, we design a separate, coordinated attention module by introducing location information into channel attention. The new attention module is added to the end of the CSP2_X module to improve the ability to extract insulator location information. Besides, we also use convolution to replace the focus model to reduce computation. Compared with defective insulator detection methods, the proposed method has smaller parameters, floating-point operations per second, and higher frames per second. Although it has lower mean precision, it has a faster detection speed. Besides, the increase in detection speed is greater than the decrease in mean precision.
Comparison and Analysis of Several Clustering Algorithms for Pavement Crack Segmentation Guided by Computational Intelligence
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhang Zaijun , Zhou Jincheng , Zhang Benfei , Li Mingjiang
Published: September 2022

Cracks are one of the most common types of imperfections that can be found in concrete pavement, and they have a significant influence on the structural strength. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance differences of various spatial clustering algorithms for pavement crack segmentation and to provide some reference for the work that is being done to maintain pavement currently. This is done by comparing and analyzing the performance of complex crack photos in different settings. For the purpose of evaluating how well the comparison method works, the indices of evaluation of NMI and RI have been selected. The experiment also includes a detailed analysis and comparison of the noisy photographs. According to the results of the experiments, the segmentation effect of these cluster algorithms is significantly worse after adding Gaussian noise; based on the NMI value, the mean-shift clustering algorithm has the best de-noise effect, whereas the performance of some clustering algorithms significantly decreases after adding noise.
The Impact of Teachers’ Instructional Design on the Development of Young Children’s Sense of Innovation: An Algorithmic Perspective Analysis
Authors: Li Xinying , Wang Leilei
Published: September 2022

In the development of education, each new technology applied to the teaching process provides a new dimension of development in line with human needs. In national education, intelligent network teaching plays a role in promoting education informatization, education reform, and the smooth implementation of new curriculum standards, and the quality of education technology is an essential part of the quality structure of teachers and helps to optimize teaching and training innovative talents. Genetic algorithms play an important role in the design of intelligent network teaching systems, so the application of genetic algorithms is of great importance to the development of national education in China. The purpose of the design is to cultivate children’s interest and enthusiasm in computer technology from an early age and to form a preliminary understanding of computer technology. In recent years, with the popularity of computers and smart phones, the wave of information technology has accelerated in China. Early childhood IT teaching should be combined with the characteristics of the subject and the special understanding characteristics of the elementary school student group, to help students develop their abilities through technological innovation. This thesis starts from the characteristics of multimedia technology. Combined with the process of teaching design, several thoughts are given on how the teaching design based on multimedia technology can be more scientific and reasonable, hoping to be helpful to the pedagogues.
Perioperative Exhaled Nitric Oxide as an Indicator for Postoperative Pneumonia in Surgical Lung Cancer Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study Based on 183 Cases
Authors: Liu Gui-Xian , Yang Yue , Chen Lei , Gu Mi-Qi , He Jin-Tao , Wang Xin
Published: September 2022

Introduction. This study is conducted to investigate the correlation between perioperative fractional exhaled nitric oxide and postoperative pneumonia (POP) and the feasibility of perioperative FeNO for predicting POP in surgical lung cancer patients. Methods. Patients who were diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were prospectively analyzed, and the relationship between perioperative FeNO and POP was evaluated based on patients’ basic characteristics and clinical data in the hospital. Results. There were 218 patients enrolled in this study. Finally, 183 patients were involved in the study, with 19 of them in the POP group and 164 in the non-POP group. The POP group had significantly higher postoperative FeNO (median: 30.0 vs. 19.0 ppb,

P
<
0.001

) as well as change in FeNO (median: 10.0 vs. 0.0 ppb,

P
<
0.001

) before and after the surgery. For predicting POP based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, a cutoff value of 25 ppb for postoperative FeNO (Youden’s index: 0.515, sensitivity: 78.9%, and specificity: 72.6%) and 4 ppb for change in FeNO (Youden’s index: 0.610, sensitivity: 84.2%, specificity: 76.8%) were selected. Furthermore, according to the bivariate regression analysis, FEV1/FVC (OR = 0.948, 95% CI: 0.899–0.999,

P
=
0.048

), POD1 FeNO (OR = 1.048, 95% CI: 1.019–1.077,

P
=
0.001

), and change in FeNO (OR = 1.087, 95% CI: 1.044–1.132,

P
<
0.001

) were significantly associated with occurrence of POP. Conclusions. This prospective study revealed that a high postoperative FeNO (>25 ppb), as well as an increased change in FeNO (>4 ppb), may have the potential in detecting the occurrence of POP in surgical lung cancer patients.
Classification of Videos Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Yinghui
Published: September 2022

Automatic classification of videos is a basic task of content archiving and video scene understanding for broadcasters. And the time series modeling is the key to video classification. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new video classification method based on temporal difference networks (TDN), which focuses on capturing multiscale time information for effective action classification. The core idea of TDN is to design an effective time module by clearly using the time difference operator and systematically evaluate its impact on short-term and long-term motion modeling. In order to fully capture the time information of the entire video, TDN has established a two-level difference model. For local motion modeling, the time difference in consecutive frames is used to provide a more refined motion mode for convolutional neural network (CNN). For global motion modeling, the time difference of the segments is combined to capture the remote structure for the extraction of the motion feature. The experimental results on two public video anomaly detection data sets, namely, UCF sports data set and SVW field sports data set, prove that the performance of the proposed method is better than some existing methods.
Cochlear Obliteration after Translabyrinthine Resection for Large Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor
Authors: Huang Yen-Chieh , Hsu Sanford P.C. , Chiang Kuan-Wei , Wang Mao-Che
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to better understand the onset time and factors associated with cochlear obliteration following translabyrinthine approach (TLA) surgery for large cerebellopontine angle tumors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 117 patients with large cerebellopontine angle tumor (tumor diameter >2 cm) treated by TLA surgery from June 2011 to March 2019 in a single tertiary referral center. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test was used to estimate cochlear patency survival and the association between survival and covariates, and the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify possible factors associated with cochlear obliteration. Results: Of the 117 patients included in our analysis, the median follow-up was 24.8 months. There were 30 (25.6%) patients in the cochlear obliteration group, and 87 (74.4%) in the patent cochlear group. Various degrees of cochlear obliteration was found in 25.6% patients in final MRI scan, comprised of 50% grade I, 30% grade II, and 20% grade III. Cochlear patency survival curves showed 94.0% at 3 months, 73.0% at 18 months, which plateaued after 20 months with a survival rate of 71.6%. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, patients presented with postoperative hyperintense T1W cochlear signal had poorer cochlear patency survival compared to isointense T1W (HR = 4.15). Similarly, postoperative deteriorated facial function (HR = 4.52) and full IAC involvement of tumor (HR = 2.33) demonstrated a higher risks of cochlear obliteration after TLA surgery. Conclusion: The 2-year estimated cochlear patency rate was 71.6% in patients that received TLA. Cochlear obliteration can develop as early as 3 months post-surgery, with no new obliteration 20 months after the surgery and half of these patients got severe obliteration. Three factors associated with cochlear obliteration were identified including full IAC involvement of tumor, postoperative facial function deterioration, and postoperative hyperintense T1W cochlear signal.
Des amphores rouges et des jarres vertes
Authors: Tillier Mathieu , Vanthieghem Naïm
Published: September 2022

The prohibition of fermented beverages in Muslim societies was the result of an interpretative process that developed over time. The Qurʾān serves as a witness to the prohibition of wine (khamr), but is silent about other types of beverages. Documentary sources show that Egyptian authorities in the first century ah stimulated the production and drinking of fermented beverages by requisitioning wine for Arab-Muslim troops, who especially appreciated ṭilāʾ, the Arabic name for a cooked wine known in Greek as hepsēma. Under the influence of jurists (mainly from the Hijaz) who condemned the drinking of fermented beverages, the caliph ʿUmar ii b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz decreed, at the turn of the second century, the prohibition of ṭilāʾ and related drinks. Early debates over the lawfulness of fermented beverages discuss pitched and glazed jars whose impermeability permits fermentation. Based on a comparison between pre-canonical hadith collections and archaeological evidence, we identify the main Egyptian amphorae that were controversial. Whereas in the second/eighth century, legal debates focused primarily on pitched and glazed jars, the extension of the prohibition to all fermented beverages in the third/ninth century led to the rejection of all amphorae.
Revision of the genus Philmontis Willemse, 1966 and description of a new genus Philmontoides gen. nov. from New Guinea (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae)
Authors: INGRISCH SIGFRID
Published: September 2022

The genera Philmontis Willemse, 1966 and Philmontoides gen. nov. are revised. Both genera are of similar general appearance and share a similar color pattern. They differ in the length of the male pronotum that covers the stridulatory area in Philmontis but leaves it free in Philmontoides, by the length of the prosternal spines, by the absence or presence of spines on the inner margin of the hind femur and the hind knees being provided with a single or with two apical spines. The male titillators of Philmontis are often elongate and rather simple, but always terminate into a small sclerotized disc that is missing in Philmontoides and in which the titillators of most species show striking modifications of the apical areas differing among species. The ovipositor is regularly curved to an acute end in Philmontis but has the dorsal valves expanded around mid-length in Philmontoides. The affinity of Nicsara forcipata Willemse, 1966 with the type species of Philmontis (P. nigrofasciatus Willemse, 1966) is confirmed on basis of the homology of the male cerci and titillators in both species. P. minimus Willemse, 1966, originally described as forma of P. nigrofasciatus, is given full species status. Eleven species are described as new in the genus Philmontis Willemse, 1966: Philmontis angustus sp. nov., P. murmur sp. nov., P. banz sp. nov., P. flexus sp. nov., P. extensus sp. nov., P. spinosus sp. nov., P. angulatus sp. nov., P. profusus sp. nov., P. robustus sp. nov., P. pandus sp. nov. and P. pumilus sp. nov.—Lobaspis hageni Dohrn, 1905 is selected as type species of the genus Philmontoides gen. nov. Two species, Nicsara affinis Willemse, 1966 and Philmontis lobatus Naskrecki & Rentz, 2010, are newly combined with Philmontoides. Six species are described as new in that genus: Philmontoides globosus sp. nov., P. disjunctus sp. nov., P. striatus sp. nov., P. geminus sp. nov., P. commodus sp. nov., P. wau sp. nov.
Updating the taxonomy of the ant genus Myrmecina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in China with descriptions of three new species
Authors: LIU CONG , FISCHER GEORG , LIU QING , PENG YAN-QIONG , ECONOMO EVAN P. , GUÉNARD BENOIT
Published: September 2022

In this study, we present a taxonomic update for the ant genus Myrmecina in China that includes 14 species in total. A recent survey of the leaf litter ant fauna in China’s Hengduan Mountains collected three unknown Myrmecina species, which we describe here as Myrmecina eowilsoni sp. nov., M. gaoligongensis sp. nov., and Myrmecina pierceae sp. nov. These new species are clearly distinguishable from all the other species in the genus. We provide an update to the identification key of Chinese Myrmecina, as well as a diagnostic discussion and high-quality specimen images. In addition, Myrmecina raviwonghei Jaitrong, Samung, Waengsothorn & Okido 2019 is reported for the first time from China.
Attribution of the taxon name Echinoidea to Schumacher, 1817
Authors: STOKES ROBERT B. , KROH ANDREAS
Published: September 2022

The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), The Interagency Taxonomic Information System (ITIS, Report Taxonomic Serial No 157821), and Wikispecies all identify Leske (1778) as the author of the taxon Echinoidea. They base this attribution on the synonymy of Durham et al. (1966: U297) who stated “Class ECHINOIDEA Leske, 1778 [nom. transl. Bronn, 1860, p. 295 (ex order Echinoidea d’Orbigny, 1852 [sic], p. 114, nom correct. pro ordo Echinus Leske, 1778, p. xvi [sic])].” This confusing construction led to a strange result in which the taxon Echinoidea was attributed to an author who never used that name (Leske), whilst it deprived the author who established it (Schumacher) and the one who first conceived the grouping (Bruguière) of any credit. This note examines the works of various authors credited with the authorship of the taxon Echinoidea, particularly Leske, d’Orbigny, von Zittel, and Bronn, and concludes that the taxon Echinoidea should be attributed to Schumacher, 1817.