bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hair Growth Promotion and Anti-Hair Loss Effects of By-Products Arabica Coffee Pulp Extracts Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Authors: Muangsanguan Anurak , Linsaenkart Pichchapa , Chaitep Tanakarn , Sangta Jiraporn , Sommano Sarana Rose , Sringarm Korawan , Arjin Chaiwat , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Jantanasakulwong Kittisak , Phimolsiripol Yuthana , Castagnini Juan M. , Ruksiriwanich Warintorn
Published: November 2023

Coffee has been a common ingredient in many traditional hair loss remedies, but limited scientific evidence supports its use, particularly in coffee pulp. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is caused by androgens, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In the present study, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used under various conditions to obtain six coffee pulp extracts. The SFE-4 extract, using 50% (v/v) ethanol as a co-solvent at conditions of 100 °C and 500 bars for 30 min, exhibited the highest phenolic, flavonoid, and caffeine contents. Additionally, the SFE-4 extract increased the migration and cell proliferation of HFDPCs (human hair follicle dermal papilla cells), which control hair cycle regulation, and had scavenging effects on ABTS and DPPH radicals. Additionally, the SFE-4 extract showed potassium ion channel opener activity in HFDPCs, as well as a stimulation effect on the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) (28.53 ± 1.08% of control), which may be related to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene upregulation. In human prostate cancer cells (DU-145) and HFDPC cells, the SFE-4 extract significantly decreased the expression of SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and SRD5A3, an essential pathway involved in AGA. Hair growth factor genes in the Wnt/-catenin (CTNNB1) and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH, SMO, and GLI1) pathways could be significantly activated by the SFE-4 extract. These results imply that employing SFE in coffee pulp extraction could help AGA treatment by preventing hair loss and promoting hair growth pathways. This would help small coffee producers gain economic empowerment and ensure the long-term sustainability of agricultural waste utilization.
Biopolymers for Tissue Engineering: Crosslinking, Printing Techniques, and Applications
Authors: Patrocinio David , Galván-Chacón Victor , Gómez-Blanco J. Carlos , Miguel Sonia P. , Loureiro Jorge , Ribeiro Maximiano P. , Coutinho Paula , Pagador J. Blas , Sanchez-Margallo Francisco M.
Published: November 2023

Currently, tissue engineering has been dedicated to the development of 3D structures through bioprinting techniques that aim to obtain personalized, dynamic, and complex hydrogel 3D structures. Among the different materials used for the fabrication of such structures, proteins and polysaccharides are the main biological compounds (biopolymers) selected for the bioink formulation. These biomaterials obtained from natural sources are commonly compatible with tissues and cells (biocompatibility), friendly with biological digestion processes (biodegradability), and provide specific macromolecular structural and mechanical properties (biomimicry). However, the rheological behaviors of these natural-based bioinks constitute the main challenge of the cell-laden printing process (bioprinting). For this reason, bioprinting usually requires chemical modifications and/or inter-macromolecular crosslinking. In this sense, a comprehensive analysis describing these biopolymers (natural proteins and polysaccharides)-based bioinks, their modifications, and their stimuli-responsive nature is performed. This manuscript is organized into three sections: (1) tissue engineering application, (2) crosslinking, and (3) bioprinting techniques, analyzing the current challenges and strengths of biopolymers in bioprinting. In conclusion, all hydrogels try to resemble extracellular matrix properties for bioprinted structures while maintaining good printability and stability during the printing process.
Preparation and Optimization of Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles as a Promising Gelling System for Enhanced Nasal Drug Administration
Authors: Mardikasari Sandra Aulia , Katona Gábor , Sipos Bence , Ambrus Rita , Csóka Ildikó
Published: November 2023

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been used extensively as a suitable carrier system for alternative drug delivery routes, such as nasal administration. However, the optimization of BSA nanoparticles with respect to their nasal applicability has not been widely studied. The present study focuses on the characterization of BSA nanoparticles prepared using the desolvation method, followed by a gelation process to facilitate intranasal drug delivery. The results demonstrated that the ratio of BSA and the desolvating agent, ethanol, played a critical role in the nanoparticle characteristics of the BSA nanogel matrices (BSA-NGs). Based on the gelling properties, the formulations of BSA-NG 2, BSA-NG 4, and BSA-NG 6 were selected for further investigation. The Raman spectra confirmed that there were no specific changes to the secondary structures of the BSA. The mucoadhesion studies revealed moderately high mucoadhesive properties, with a mucin binding efficiency (MBE) value of around 67%, allowing the dose to avoid elimination due to rapid mucociliary clearance of the nasal passage. Via studying the nexus of the carrier system, BSA-NGs loaded with dexamethasone as a model drug were prepared and evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetry (TG), ascertaining that no ethanol remained in the samples after the freeze-drying process. Furthermore, the viscosity measurements exhibited moderate viscosity, which is suitable for nasal liquid preparations. The in vitro release studies performed with a simulated nasal electrolyte solution (SNES) medium showed 88.15–95.47% drug release within 4 h. In conclusion, BSA nanoparticle gelling matrices can offer potential, value-added drug delivery carriers for improved nasal drug administration.
Integrated Performance Evaluation of Aerogel-Based Fibre-Enhanced Thermal Renders Applied on Building Walls
Authors: Pedroso Marco , Silvestre José Dinis , Gomes Maria da Glória , Hawreen Ahmed , Bersch Jéssica D. , Flores-Colen Inês
Published: November 2023

In this work, aerogel renders were enhanced with fibres for use in new building walls, emphasising a Mediterranean climate. The main novelty of the study relies on an integrated evaluation of the aerogel-based fibre-enhanced thermal renders from environmental, energy and economic approaches. Therefore, optimum insulation thicknesses, life cycle savings, payback periods, abiotic depletion potential from fossil fuels (ADP-ff) and global warming potential (GWP) impacts were quantified as a function of the energy consumption. The cost optimisation of aerogel-based renders enabled a reduction from 2477.4 to 1021.7 EUR∙m−3 for the reference formulation, and the sisal-optimised render led to the best-integrated performance. A higher DD* (degree-days equivalent) led to higher optimum thicknesses (the Azores required 0.02 m and 0.01 m and Bragança 0.06 m and 0.03 m for cost-optimised and non-optimised thermal renders with sisal fibre, respectively). The optimum thickness related to the ADP-ff and GWP impacts was higher, 0.04 m for the Azores and 0.09 m for Bragança. A steeper decrease in the annual energy consumption occurred for thermal renders up to 0.02 m in the Azores and 0.04 m in Bragança. Aerogel-based fibre-enhanced thermal renders had benefits, mainly from 600 DD* onwards.
Editorial on Special Issue “Recent Developments in Food Gels”
Authors: Sridhar Kandi , Sharma Minaxi , Stephen Inbaraj Baskaran
Published: November 2023

Food gels have been a crucial component in the food industry for many years [...]
Identification and Functional Characterization of Two Major Loci Associated with Resistance against Brown Planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) Derived from Oryza nivara
Authors: Srivastava Akanksha , Pusuluri Madhu , Balakrishnan Divya , Vattikuti Jhansi Lakshmi , Neelamraju Sarla , Sundaram Raman Meenakshi , Mangrauthia Satendra Kumar , Ram Tilathoo
Published: November 2023

The brown planthopper (BPH) is a highly destructive pest of rice, causing significant economic losses in various regions of South and Southeast Asia. Researchers have made promising strides in developing resistance against BPH in rice. Introgression line RPBio4918-230S, derived from Oryza nivara, has shown consistent resistance to BPH at both the seedling and adult stages of rice plants. Segregation analysis has revealed that this resistance is governed by two recessive loci, known as bph39(t) and bph40(t), contributing to 21% and 22% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. We later mapped the genes using a backcross population derived from a cross between Swarna and RPBio4918-230S. We identified specific marker loci, namely RM8213, RM5953, and R4M17, on chromosome 4, flanking the bph39(t) and bph40(t) loci. Furthermore, quantitative expression analysis of candidate genes situated between the RM8213 and R4M17 markers was conducted. It was observed that eight genes exhibited up-regulation in RPBio4918-230S and down-regulation in Swarna after BPH infestation. One gene of particular interest, a serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor (STPKR), showed significant up-regulation in RPBio4918-230S. In-depth sequencing of the susceptible and resistant alleles of STPKR from Swarna and RPBio4918-230S, respectively, revealed numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion–deletion (InDel) mutations, both in the coding and regulatory regions of the gene. Notably, six of these mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions in the coding region of STPKR (R5K, I38L, S120N, T319A, T320S, and F348S) when compared to Swarna and the reference sequence of Nipponbare. Further validation of these mutations in a set of highly resistant and susceptible backcross inbred lines confirmed the candidacy of the STPKR gene with respect to BPH resistance controlled by bph39(t) and bph40(t). Functional markers specific for STPKR have been developed and validated and can be used for accelerated transfer of the resistant locus to elite rice cultivars.
In Tandem Intragenic Duplication of Doublesex and Mab-3-Related Transcription Factor 1 (DMRT1) in an SRY-Negative Boy with a 46,XX Disorder of Sex Development
Authors: Bertini Veronica , Baldinotti Fulvia , Parma Pietro , Tyutyusheva Nina , Sepich Margherita , Bertolucci Giulia , Rosano Camillo , Caligo Maria Adelaide , Peroni Diego , Valetto Angelo , Bertelloni Silvano
Published: November 2023

Disorders of sexual development (DSDs) encompass a group of congenital conditions associated with atypical development of internal and external genital structures. Among those with DSDs are 46,XX males, whose condition mainly arises due to the translocation of SRY onto an X chromosome or an autosome. In the few SRY-negative 46,XX males, overexpression of other pro-testis genes or failure of pro-ovarian/anti-testis genes may be involved, even if a non-negligible number of cases remain unexplained. A three-year-old boy with an SRY-negative 46,XX karyotype showed a normal male phenotype and normal prepubertal values for testicular hormones. A heterozygous de novo in tandem duplication of 50,221 bp, which encompassed exons 2 and 3 of the Doublesex and Mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1) gene, was detected using MPLA, CGH-array analysis, and Sanger sequencing. Both breakpoints were in the intronic regions, and this duplication did not stop or shift the coding frame. Additional pathogenic or uncertain variants were not found in a known pro-testis/anti-ovary gene cascade using a custom NGS panel and whole genome sequencing. The duplication may have allowed DMRT1 to escape the transcriptional repression that normally occurs in 46,XX fetal gonads and thus permitted the testicular determination cascade to switch on. So far, no case of SRY-negative 46,XX DSD with alterations in DMRT1 has been described.
Törleß and the Scene of Reading
Authors: Zechner Dominik
Published: November 2023

The article reads Robert Musil’s debut novel Die Verwirrungen des Zöglings Törleß (The Confusions of Young Törless) (1906) as a novel of the institution (Campe) in which diverse forms of violence are intertwined. Contrary to the assumption that Musil’s novel aims at the depiction of sado-masochistic transgressions, my argument focuses on a reading scene that mediates the novel’s various potentials of violence: only when Törleß reads Kant does it become clear which violence and which pain are meant by Musil’s text. The experience of reading becomes a masochistic act in the course of which the pleasure of the text is recast in terms of a negative textual jouissance. Musil’s novel, in turn, becomes readable not as an exhibition of schoolboys in disgrace, but as an exploration of the violent structure of practical reason itself.
Digital Addiction and Related Factors among College Students
Authors: Han Suk-Jung , Nagduar Sugandha , Yu Hea-Jin
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: Digital addiction has been a global concern, with college students becoming increasingly vulnerable to it. The detrimental psycho-physiological effects of digital addiction have raised concerns regarding college students’ health. This descriptive correlational study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of digital addiction and identify influencing factors among college students, such as body shape satisfaction, time management, and psychological health. (2) Methods: Data were collected from 199 students at a university in Seoul, South Korea, from 30 May to 13 June 2023. The Digital Addiction Scale (DAS), Time Structure Questionnaire (TSQ), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were used for the assessment. Data (N = 199) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. (3) Results: The mean score for digital addiction was 54 ± 12, with scores ranging from 23.0 to 89.0. Digital addiction had a significant positive correlation with body shape satisfaction (r = 0.156, p = 0.028) and a negative correlation with time management (r = −0.500, p < 0.001). In the stepwise multiple regression model of digital addiction (adjusted R2 = 0.285, p < 0.001), subfactors of body shape satisfaction (fear of fatness β = −0.280, body dissatisfaction β = 0.401) and time management (effective organization β = −0.211, persistence β = −0.209, past orientation β = −0.165) were statistically significant. (4) Conclusions: Body shape satisfaction and time management are important factors influencing digital addiction among college students. However, it does not establish a direct causal relationship. The findings indicate that there is a statistical association or connection between these factors, but they do not definitively state that body shape satisfaction or time management directly cause digital addiction. To decrease digital addiction in this population, interventions should aim to improve body shape satisfaction and time management.
Social Interaction and Life Satisfaction among Older Adults by Age Group
Authors: Park Jeong-Hye , Kang Se-Won
Published: November 2023

This study examined the effect of social interaction on life satisfaction in older adults. A total of 8188 participants were selected according to the inclusion criteria. SPSS Windows software (version 23.0) was used for statistical analyses. Data were analyzed using the independent samples t-test, chi-squared test, and multiple regression analysis with weights based on two age groups: 65–74 and ≥75 years. The results showed that social interaction factors influenced the life satisfaction of older adults. In the 65–74 age group, factors that statistically significantly increased life satisfaction were meeting children (β = 0.17, p < 0.001) and volunteer activities (β = 0.04, p = 0.007). In the ≥75 age group, factors that significantly increased life satisfaction were talking with friends (β = 0.11, p = 0.002), talking with children (β = 0.07, p = 0.013), using senior citizen community centers (β = 0.08, p = 0.001), and hobby club activities (β = 0.07, p = 0.001). In order to increase the life satisfaction of older adults, different ways to support social interactions need to be explored.
Deciphering the Intricate Molecular Bases of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Franco Diego
Published: November 2023

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent electrophysiological disorder in humans [...]
The Educational Dimension as an Emergent Topic in the Management of Heritage: Mapping Scientific Production, 1991–2022
Authors: Fontal Olaia , Martínez-Rodríguez Marta , García-Ceballos Silvia
Published: November 2023

Heritage is increasingly present in educational discourses, yet research on heritage education still lacks literature overviews that identify trends in its scientific production worldwide in order to get to know the discipline’s advances, evolution, and impact. This article collected a bibliographic review of n = 223 documents indexed in Scopus and the Web of Science between 1991 and 2022. The analysis was carried out in two phases. During the first phase, distance-based maps were constructed using the VOSviewer 1.6.16 software. During the second phase, a systematic review was carried out based on methodological classification and a content analysis. The study identified thematic networks of (C1) heritage education in formal education, (C2) heritage education, cultural heritage, and educational innovation, (C3) archaeological heritage education, (C4) heritage education, case studies, and historical awareness, and (C5) heritage education, and classified research genealogies and methodologies, which, in turn, led to the definition of two emerging genealogies: teacher training and instrumental, which were added to re-conceptualizing, contextual didactic, and evaluative, and ultimately identified a predominantly qualitative methodology. A classification of the methodologies, methods, and techniques of heritage education research was also made. This study constitutes a clear and pioneering contribution to our understanding of this discipline.
A Cost–Benefit Analysis of Novel IPM-Based Approaches to Onion Thrips Management in US Dry Bulb Onions
Authors: Greenway Gina , Reitz Stuart , Nault Brian A.
Published: November 2023

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman), is a major pest of dry bulb onion throughout the US and across the world. Yield and quality damage from thrips feeding and the expense of insecticides used for thrips management have jeopardized profitable and sustainable onion production. To improve approaches to thrips management, researchers in multiple US onion-producing regions developed novel, integrated pest management (IPM)-based strategies employing threshold-based insecticide treatments and reduced fertilization practices. The purpose of this study was to estimate the benefits from public investment in research to develop IPM-based onion thrips management techniques using a cost–benefit analysis. Benefits were extended over a 20-year timespan and were measured by reduced insecticide and fertilizer costs. The estimated net present value of benefits from improved pest management tactics will depend on the adoption and use of novel approaches to management. Using a scenario that assumes a maximum adoption rate of 58%, the estimated net present value of the research is $15.91 million, the benefit–cost ratio is 4.00, and the internal rate of return is 32%. Assuming a scenario with a maximum adoption rate of 29%, the estimated net present value of the research is $8.3 million, the benefit–cost ratio is 3.34, and the internal rate of return is 24%. Even when estimated assuming conservative adoption scenarios, results indicate a healthy return on investment in research to develop and refine new approaches to manage onion thrips and optimize dry bulb onion production.
Quantification and Comparison of Nutritional Components in Oni Walnut (Juglans ailanthifolia Carr.), Hime Walnut (Juglans subcordiformis Dode.), and Cultivars
Authors: Fukasawa Ritsuko , Miyazawa Taiki , Abe Chizumi , Bhaswant Maharshi , Toda Masako
Published: November 2023

Walnuts are rich sources of lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids and are expected to promote health. There are two Japanese native walnut species: Oni walnut (Juglans ailanthifolia Carr.) and Hime walnut (Juglans subcordiformis Dode.). However, despite the fact that these Japanese native walnuts have long been consumed in local cuisine, their nutritional composition is largely unknown. This study aimed to assess the concentrations of total lipids, and fatty acid composition including polyunsaturated fatty acids, in the kernels of Oni walnut and Hime walnut. In addition, we assessed various aspects related to their nutritional and functional values, by measuring the total protein, amino acids, minerals, and total polyphenols. The concentrations of the measured compounds in the two native species were compared with those in the English walnut (Juglans regia L.), a globally recognized cultivar, and its counterpart cultivated in Japan, Shinano walnut (Juglans regia L.). The results showed that Oni walnut and Hime walnut contained significantly higher protein and minerals and lower lipid content than conventional cultivars. However, both Oni and Hime walnuts contained higher ratios of unsaturated fatty acids in total fatty acids. This study offers novel insights into the nutritional components of Oni and Hime walnuts, contributing to a deeper understanding of their nutritional value and potential applications as unique native walnut species. The findings of this study highlight the relationship between the different types of walnut species and their nutritional composition, and the value of native walnuts used in local cuisine, and will lead to new developments in functional foods from walnut species consumed around the world. It will contribute to the development of functional and processed foods by increasing the production of native walnut species, which are rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acids and minerals and by using them in local cuisines and health-promoting foods.
How to Diagnose Potassium Abundance and Deficiency in Tomato Leaves at the Early Cultivation Stage
Authors: Song Jinxiu , He Dongxian , Wang Jianfeng , Mao Hanping
Published: November 2023

Potassium is one of the indispensable nutrient elements for plant growth, fruit development, and yield. The research and application of potassium nutrition diagnosis technology is the premise of scientific potassium management. However, potassium deficiency in tomato leaves, from vegetative to reproductive growth, is not easy to diagnose. To alleviate this problem, this paper proposes a suitable method of supplying potassium to tomatoes via a nutrient solution and diagnosing potassium abundance and deficiency through diagnosis methods based on ecological morphology, biological accumulation, and the photosynthetic characteristics of tomato plants. The relationship between the ecological morphology and biomass accumulation of tomatoes cultivated in the nutrient solution with potassium supply levels of 1, 4, 8, and 16 mmol/L is also discussed, and the potassium supply in the nutrient solution was studied 21 days after transplanting. The results showed that there was a significant quadratic correlation between the potassium supply in the nutrient solution and plant height and biomass accumulation, respectively. The most suitable level of potassium supply via the nutrient solution was deemed to be 10~13 mmol/L. However, if irreversible damage or severe stress to tomato plants has occurred because of potassium deficiency, there will be serious differences in the growth status of plants, and the diagnosis results will deviate greatly. In addition, the photosynthetic induction characteristics responding to the dark–light conversion of tomato leaves with potassium contents of 0.9%, 2.1%, 3.1%, and 3.3% cultivated with potassium supply amounts of 1, 4, 8, and 16 mmol/L in the nutrient solution were investigated. The results showed that tomato leaves with potassium contents of 3.1% and 3.3% had a more rapid response to dark–light conversion and higher first-order derivatives of net photosynthetic rate compared to those with potassium contents of 0.9% and 2.1%, but the first-order derivative of intercellular CO2 concentration showed an opposite trend. Additionally, a quadratic correlation between leaf potassium content and CO2 assimilation during 5 min of photosynthetic induction was established (R2 > 0.99). According to this correlation, the suitable leaf potassium content was estimated to be 2.3~2.7%, similar to that of tomatoes cultured in the nutrient solution with a 4~8 mmol/L potassium supply. Therefore, this method can realize the rapid, non-destructive, and real-time detection of potassium content in tomato leaves based on a portable photosynthetic measurement system by establishing the relationship between leaf potassium content and net CO2 assimilation during the photosynthetic induction period, therefore helping to avoid the irreversible damage caused by potassium deficiency at the later stages of plant cultivation and providing technical support for the precise fertilization of potassium in actual cultivation.
Searching for Metabolic Markers of Stroke in Human Plasma via NMR Analysis
Authors: Oliveira Nádia , Sousa Adriana , Amaral Ana Paula , Graça Gonçalo , Verde Ignacio
Published: November 2023

More than 12 million people around the world suffer a stroke every year, one every 3 s. Stroke has a variety of causes and is often the result of a complex interaction of risk factors related to age, genetics, gender, lifestyle, and some cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Despite this evidence, it is not possible to prevent the onset of stroke. The use of innovative methods for metabolite analysis has been explored in the last years to detect new stroke biomarkers. We use NMR spectroscopy to identify small molecule variations between different stages of stroke risk. The Framingham Stroke Risk Score was used in people over 63 years of age living in long-term care facilities (LTCF) to calculate the probability of suffering a stroke. Using this parameter, three study groups were formed: low stroke risk (LSR, control), moderate stroke risk (MSR) and high stroke risk (HSR). Univariate statistical analysis showed seven metabolites with increasing plasma levels across different stroke risk groups, from LSR to HSR: isoleucine, asparagine, formate, creatinine, dimethylsulfone and two unidentified molecules, which we termed “unknown-1” and “unknown-3”. These metabolic markers can be used for early detection and to detect increasing stages of stroke risk more efficiently.
Microalga Broths Synthesize Antibacterial and Non-Cytotoxic Silver Nanoparticles Showing Synergy with Antibiotics and Bacterial ROS Induction and Can Be Reused for Successive AgNP Batches
Authors: Pernas-Pleite Carlos , Conejo-Martínez Amparo M. , Fernández Freire Paloma , Hazen María José , Marín Irma , Abad José P.
Published: November 2023

The era of increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance requires new approaches to fight infections. With this purpose, silver-based nanomaterials are a reality in some fields and promise new developments. We report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using culture broths from a microalga. Broths from two media, with different compositions and pHs and sampled at two growth phases, produced eight AgNP types. Nanoparticles harvested after several synthesis periods showed differences in antibacterial activity and stability. Moreover, an evaluation of the broths for several consecutive syntheses did not find relevant kinetics or activity differences until the third round. Physicochemical characteristics of the AgNPs (core and hydrodynamic sizes, Z-potential, crystallinity, and corona composition) were determined, observing differences depending on the broths used. AgNPs showed good antibacterial activity at concentrations producing no or low cytotoxicity on cultured eukaryotic cells. All the AgNPs had high levels of synergy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the classic antibiotics streptomycin and kanamycin, but with ampicillin only against S. aureus and tetracycline against E. coli. Differences in the synergy levels were also dependent on the types of AgNPs. We also found that, for some AgNPs, the killing of bacteria started before the massive accumulation of ROS.
Regulation of PGC-1α of the Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism Pathway in the Gills of Indian Medaka (Oryzias dancena) under Hypothermal Stress
Authors: Ranasinghe Naveen , Chen Wei-Zhu , Hu Yau-Chung , Gamage Lahiru , Lee Tsung-Han , Ho Chuan-Wen
Published: November 2023

Ectothermic fish exposure to hypothermal stress requires adjusting their metabolic molecular machinery, which was investigated using Indian medaka (Oryzias dancena; 10 weeks old, 2.5 ± 0.5 cm) cultured in fresh water (FW) and seawater (SW; 35‰) at room temperature (28 ± 1 °C). The fish were fed twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening, and the photoperiod was 12 h:12 h light: dark. In this study, we applied two hypothermal treatments to reveal the mechanisms of energy metabolism via pgc-1α regulation in the gills of Indian medaka; cold-stress (18 °C) and cold-tolerance (extreme cold; 15 °C). The branchial ATP content was significantly higher in the cold-stress group, but not in the cold-tolerance group. In FW- and SW-acclimated medaka, the expression of genes related to mitochondrial energy metabolism, including pgc-1α, prc, Nrf2, tfam, and nd5, was analyzed to illustrate differential responses of mitochondrial energy metabolism to cold-stress and cold-tolerance environments. When exposed to cold-stress, the relative mRNA expression of pgc-1α, prc, and Nrf2 increased from 2 h, whereas that of tfam and nd5 increased significantly from 168 h. When exposed to a cold-tolerant environment, prc was significantly upregulated at 2 h post-cooling in the FW and SW groups, and pgc-1α was significantly upregulated at 2 and 12 h post-cooling in the FW group, while tfam and nd5 were downregulated in both FW and SW fish. Hierarchical clustering revealed gene interactions in the cold-stress group, which promoted diverse mitochondrial energy adaptations, causing an increase in ATP production. However, the cold-tolerant group demonstrated limitations in enhancing ATP levels through mitochondrial regulation via the PGC-1α energy metabolism pathway. These findings suggest that ectothermic fish may develop varying degrees of thermal tolerance over time in response to climate change. This study provides insights into the complex ways in which fish adjust their metabolism when exposed to cold stress, contributing to our knowledge of how they adapt.
Genetic and Molecular Regulations of Neuronal Activity
Authors: Reale Marcella , Borlongan Cesar , Carta Anna R. , Greig Nigel H.
Published: November 2023

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) focuses on ‘Genetic and Molecular Regulations of Neuronal Activity’ [...]
Development of Polymer-Encapsulated, Amine-Functionalized Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: Ilosvai Ágnes M. , Forgách László , Kovács Noémi , Heydari Fatemeh , Szigeti Krisztián , Máthé Domokos , Kristály Ferenc , Daróczi Lajos , Kaleta Zoltán , Viskolcz Béla , Nagy Miklós , Vanyorek László
Published: November 2023

The need for stable and well-defined magnetic nanoparticles is constantly increasing in biomedical applications; however, their preparation remains challenging. We used two different solvothermal methods (12 h reflux and a 4 min microwave, MW) to synthesize amine-functionalized zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4-NH2) superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The morphological features of the two ferrite samples were the same, but the average particle size was slightly larger in the case of MW activation: 47 ± 14 nm (Refl.) vs. 63 ± 20 nm (MW). Phase identification measurements confirmed the exclusive presence of zinc ferrite with virtually the same magnetic properties. The Refl. samples had a zeta potential of −23.8 ± 4.4 mV, in contrast to the +7.6 ± 6.8 mV measured for the MW sample. To overcome stability problems in the colloidal phase, the ferrite nanoparticles were embedded in polyvinylpyrrolidone and could be easily redispersed in water. Two PVP-coated zinc ferrite samples were administered (1 mg/mL ZnFe2O4) in X BalbC mice and were compared as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After determining the r1/r2 ratio, the samples were compared to other commercially available contrast agents. Consistent with other SPION nanoparticles, our sample exhibits a concentrated presence in the hepatic region of the animals, with comparable biodistribution and pharmacokinetics suspected. Moreover, a small dose of 1.3 mg/body weight kg was found to be sufficient for effective imaging. It should also be noted that no toxic side effects were observed, making ZnFe2O4-NH2 advantageous for pharmaceutical formulations.
Comprehensive Analysis of CircRNA Expression Profiles in Multiple Tissues of Pigs
Authors: Shen Qingpeng , Gong Wentao , Pan Xiangchun , Cai Jiali , Jiang Yao , He Mingran , Zhao Shanghui , Li Yipeng , Yuan Xiaolong , Li Jiaqi
Published: November 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with diverse functions, and previous studies have reported that circRNAs are involved in the growth and development of pigs. However, studies about porcine circRNAs over the past few years have focused on a limited number of tissues. Based on 215 publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) samples, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of circRNAs in nine pig tissues, namely, the gallbladder, heart, liver, longissimus dorsi, lung, ovary, pituitary, skeletal muscle, and spleen. Here, we identified a total of 82,528 circRNAs and discovered 3818 novel circRNAs that were not reported in the CircAtlas database. Moreover, we obtained 492 housekeeping circRNAs and 3489 tissue-specific circRNAs. The housekeeping circRNAs were enriched in signaling pathways regulating basic biological tissue activities, such as chromatin remodeling, nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, and protein methylation. The tissue-specific circRNAs were enriched in signaling pathways related to tissue-specific functions, such as muscle system process in skeletal muscle, cilium organization in pituitary, and cortical cytoskeleton in ovary. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified 14 modules comprising 1377 hub circRNAs. Additionally, we explored circRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks to elucidate the interaction relationships between tissue-specific circRNAs and tissue-specific genes. Furthermore, our conservation analysis revealed that 19.29% of circRNAs in pigs shared homologous positions with their counterparts in humans. In summary, this extensive profiling of housekeeping, tissue-specific, and co-expressed circRNAs provides valuable insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms of pig transcriptional expression, ultimately deepening our understanding of genetic and biological processes.
Molecular Analysis of a Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome Due to a Pathogenic Variant Affecting the C-Terminus of ColQ
Authors: Barbeau Susie , Semprez Fannie , Dobbertin Alexandre , Merriadec Laurine , Roussange Florine , Eymard Bruno , Sternberg Damien , Fournier Emmanuel , Karasoy Hanice , Martinat Cécile , Legay Claire
Published: November 2023

Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes (CMSs) are rare inherited diseases of the neuromuscular junction characterized by muscle weakness. CMSs with acetylcholinesterase deficiency are due to pathogenic variants in COLQ, a collagen that anchors the enzyme at the synapse. The two COLQ N-terminal domains have been characterized as being biochemical and functional. They are responsible for the structure of the protein in the triple helix and the association of COLQ with acetylcholinesterase. To deepen the analysis of the distal C-terminal peptide properties and understand the CMSs associated to pathogenic variants in this domain, we have analyzed the case of a 32 year old male patient bearing a homozygote splice site variant c.1281 C > T that changes the sequence of the last 28 aa in COLQ. Using COS cell and mouse muscle cell expression, we show that the COLQ variant does not impair the formation of the collagen triple helix in these cells, nor its association with acetylcholinesterase, and that the hetero-oligomers are secreted. However, the interaction of COLQ variant with LRP4, a signaling hub at the neuromuscular junction, is decreased by 44% as demonstrated by in vitro biochemical methods. In addition, an increase in all acetylcholine receptor subunit mRNA levels is observed in muscle cells derived from the patient iPSC. All these approaches point to pathophysiological mechanisms essentially characterized by a decrease in signaling and the presence of immature acetylcholine receptors.
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs 4 Regulates Pulmonary Vascular Hyperpermeability through Destruction of Glycocalyx in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Konda Makiko , Kitabatake Masahiro , Ouji-Sageshima Noriko , Tonomura Rei , Furukawa Ryutaro , Sonobe Shota , Terada-Ikeda Chiyoko , Takeda Maiko , Kawaguchi Masahiko , Ito Toshihiro
Published: November 2023

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has no specific and effective treatment, and there is an urgent need to understand its pathogenesis. Therefore, based on the hypothesis that molecules whose expression is upregulated in injured pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are involved in the pathogenesis of ARDS, we conducted a study to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and identify target factors for treatment. Primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-Ls) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or poly (I:C) and analyzed via a microarray to identify target genes for ARDS. We found that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS4) was induced in murine lung VECs in an LPS-mediated ARDS model. Elevated ADAMTS4 was also observed by the immunostaining of lung samples from ARDS patients. The suppression of ADAMTS4 by siRNA in VECs ameliorated LPS-stimulated vascular permeability. The impairment of the cell surface expression of syndecan-1, a marker of the glycocalyx that is an extracellular matrix involved in vascular permeability, was dramatically inhibited by ADAMTS4 suppression. In addition, the suppression of ADAMTS4 protected against LPS-induced reductions in syndecan-1 and the adherens junction protein vascular endothelial cadherin. These results suggest that ADAMTS4 regulates VEC permeability in ARDS and may be a predictive marker and therapeutic target for ARDS.
Soybean–SCN Battle: Novel Insight into Soybean’s Defense Strategies against Heterodera glycines
Authors: Torabi Sepideh , Seifi Soren , Geddes-McAlister Jennifer , Tenuta Albert , Wally Owen , Torkamaneh Davoud , Eskandari Milad
Published: November 2023

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines, Ichinohe) poses a significant threat to global soybean production, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of soybean plants’ response to SCN to ensure effective management practices. In this study, we conducted dual RNA-seq analysis on SCN-resistant Plant Introduction (PI) 437654, 548402, and 88788 as well as a susceptible line (Lee 74) under exposure to SCN HG type 1.2.5.7. We aimed to elucidate resistant mechanisms in soybean and identify SCN virulence genes contributing to resistance breakdown. Transcriptomic and pathway analyses identified the phenylpropanoid, MAPK signaling, plant hormone signal transduction, and secondary metabolite pathways as key players in resistance mechanisms. Notably, PI 437654 exhibited complete resistance and displayed distinctive gene expression related to cell wall strengthening, oxidative enzymes, ROS scavengers, and Ca2+ sensors governing salicylic acid biosynthesis. Additionally, host studies with varying immunity levels and a susceptible line shed light on SCN pathogenesis and its modulation of virulence genes to evade host immunity. These novel findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying soybean–SCN interactions and offer potential targets for nematode disease management.
Development of New Dermato-Cosmetic Therapeutic Formulas with Extracts of Vinca minor L. Plants from the Dobrogea Region
Authors: Neculai Ana-Maria , Stanciu Gabriela , Lepădatu Anca Cristina , Cima Luiza-Madălina , Mititelu Magdalena , Neacșu Sorinel Marius
Published: November 2023

A new trend in the use of indole alkaloids from natural products is the preparation of topical pharmaceutical formulations with applications in the field of regenerative medicine. These formulations can be characterized through the ease of administration, the proven healing action of indole alkaloids, the protection of skin lesions, and the assurance of oxygen permeability. Based on the numerous benefits that indole compounds extracted from the Vinca minor plant show externally, the purpose of this study was to develop new semi-solid biocomposites for topical application obtained from hydroalcoholic macerates of 40%, 70%, and 96% concentrations from the stems and leaves of the Vinca minor L. plant from the Dobrogea area. A total of 12 pharmaceutical formulations (named P1–P12) were prepared for which the physicochemical properties, pH, thermal stability, spreading capacity, and rheological behavior were determined. The optimal formulas with antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity were evaluated and determined (P3, P4, P9, and P10). Antioxidant activity was elicited using the photochemiluminescence method. The microorganisms used for the evaluation of antimicrobial activity were Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Gram-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and a fungal species, Candida albicans (ATCC 900288). The study of the rheological profile for the obtained composites revealed Newtonian, pseudoplastic, and thixotropic fluid behaviors. Following determinations using the photochemiluminescence method, the best antioxidant activity was obtained in the P3 and P9 preparations. The results of the antimicrobial analysis confirmed that both the leaves and the stems of the Vinca minor plant represent a valuable source of antibacterial substances, and the biocomposites analyzed may represent an alternative in the realization of new pharmaceutical preparations with topical applications based on hydroalcoholic macerates obtained from the Vinca minor plant.
CRISPR Variants for Gene Editing in Plants: Biosafety Risks and Future Directions
Authors: Movahedi Ali , Aghaei-Dargiri Soheila , Li Hongyan , Zhuge Qiang , Sun Weibo
Published: November 2023

The CRISPR genome editing technology is a crucial tool for enabling revolutionary advancements in plant genetic improvement. This review shows the latest developments in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system variants, discussing their benefits and limitations for plant improvement. While this technology presents immense opportunities for plant breeding, it also raises serious biosafety concerns that require careful consideration, including potential off-target effects and the unintended transfer of modified genes to other organisms. This paper highlights strategies to mitigate biosafety risks and explores innovative plant gene editing detection methods. Our review investigates the international biosafety guidelines for gene-edited crops, analyzing their broad implications for agricultural and biotechnology research and advancement. We hope to provide illuminating and refined perspectives for industry practitioners and policymakers by evaluating CRISPR genome enhancement in plants.
Biopolymers for Enhanced Health Benefits
Authors: Atanase Leonard-Ionut
Published: November 2023

The definition of the term biopolymer is often controversial, and there is no clear distinction between “biopolymers”, “bioplastics”, and “bio-based polymers” [...]
Metformin Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Fibrosis in Salivary Gland: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Wang Lianhao , Zhong Nian-Nian , Wang Xiaofeng , Peng Boyuan , Chen Zhuo , Wei Lili , Li Bo , Li Yuhong , Cheng Yong
Published: November 2023

Fibrosis commonly arises from salivary gland injuries induced by factors such as inflammation, ductal obstruction, radiation, aging, and autoimmunity, leading to glandular atrophy and functional impairment. However, effective treatments for these injuries remain elusive. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is fundamental in fibrosis, advancing fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts and enhancing the extracellular matrix in the salivary gland. The involvement of the SMAD pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this context has been postulated. Metformin, a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) medication, has been noted for its potent anti-fibrotic effects. Through human samples, primary salivary gland fibroblasts, and a rat model, this study explored metformin’s anti-fibrotic properties. Elevated levels of TGF-β1 (p < 0.01) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (p < 0.01) were observed in human sialadenitis samples. The analysis showed that metformin attenuates TGF-β1-induced fibrosis by inhibiting SMAD phosphorylation (p < 0.01) through adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-independent pathways and activating the AMPK pathway, consequently suppressing NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) (p < 0.01), a main ROS producer. Moreover, in rats, metformin not only reduced glandular fibrosis post-ductal ligation but also protected acinar cells from ligation-induced injuries, thereby normalizing the levels of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) (p < 0.05). Overall, this study underscores the potential of metformin as a promising therapeutic option for salivary gland fibrosis.
Lubrication Film Friction Model for Grooved Annular Seals
Authors: Robrecht Robin M. , Pelz Peter F.
Published: November 2023

Grooved liquid annular seals have a significant influence on the design of turbomachines. Corresponding lubrication film models need to account for the different friction behavior of the grooves compared to plain seals. However, there is a lack of reliable and validated models for this purpose. Thus, the applicability of a friction factor model is explored and a calibration method is presented. A single square groove is investigated by means of 96 steady-state RANS simulations for different operation conditions and groove geometries. The results are used to calibrate the friction model and successfully verify it in terms of the pressure drop over the groove. For validation, two full grooved seals with relatively large square grooves were investigated by experiment. The friction model was incorporated in a lubrication model and compared to the measurement data for the pressure difference and the resulting force for specified leakage and eccentricity. The model predictions for the pressure difference can be considered very good. The force predictions show significant deviation, but can be considered acceptable given the low force magnitudes and measurement uncertainty. The results offer a general validity to our friction model approach, assumptions and the calibration method.