bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of Bedaquiline Phenotypic Drug Susceptibility Testing Methods and Breakpoints: a Multilaboratory, Multicountry Study
Authors: Kaniga Koné , Aono Akio , Borroni Emanuele , Cirillo Daniela Maria , Desmaretz Christel , Hasan Rumina , Joseph Lavania , Mitarai Satoshi , Shakoor Sadia , Torrea Gabriela , Ismail Nazir Ahmed , Omar Shaheed V.
Published: January 2020

Drug-resistant tuberculosis persists as a major public health concern. Alongside efficacious treatments, validated and standardized drug susceptibility testing (DST) is required to improve patient care. This multicountry, multilaboratory external quality assessment (EQA) study aimed to validate the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of provisional bedaquiline MIC breakpoints and World Health Organization interim critical concentrations (CCs) for categorizing clinical
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
isolates as susceptible/resistant to the drug.
Comparative Results of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube and QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Assays for Detection of Tuberculosis Infection in Clinical Samples
Authors: Won Dongju , Park Jung Yong , Kim Hyon-Suk , Park Younhee
Published: January 2020

The QuantiFERON-TB Gold plus (QFT-Plus) assay, an interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA), was recently introduced as the next version of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assay for diagnosing latent tuberculosis (TB). Whereas the QFT-GIT assay uses only one TB tube that induces a cell-mediated immune (CMI) response of CD4
+
T cells, the QFT-Plus has an additional TB antigen 2 tube (TB2) for the CMI response of CD8
+
T and CD4
+
T cells, in addition to a TB antigen 1 (TB1) tube for the CMI response of CD4
+
T cells only.
Efficient and Highly Specific Gene Transfer Using Mutated Lentiviral Vectors Redirected with Bispecific Antibodies
Authors: Parker Christina L. , Jacobs Timothy M. , Huckaby Justin T. , Harit Dimple , Lai Samuel K.
Published: January 2020

The goal of gene therapy is specific delivery and expression of therapeutic genes to target cells and tissues. Common lentivirus (LV) vectors are efficient gene delivery vehicles but offer little specificity. Here, we report an effective and versatile strategy to redirect LV to target cells using bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) that bind both cell receptors and LV envelope domains. Importantly, we ablated the native receptor binding of LV to minimize off-target transduction. Coupling bsAb specificity and ablated native LV tropism synergistically enhanced the selectivity of our targeted gene delivery system. The modular nature of our bsAb-based redirection enables facile targeting of the same LV to diverse tissues/cells. By abrogating the native broad tropism of LV, our bsAb-LV redirection strategy may enable lentivirus-based gene delivery
in vivo
, expanding the current use of LV beyond
ex vivo
applications.
Diatoms Are Selective Segregators in Global Ocean Planktonic Communities
Authors: Vincent Flora , Bowler Chris
Published: January 2020

Diatoms are key phytoplankton in the modern ocean that are involved in numerous biotic interactions, ranging from symbiosis to predation and viral infection, which have considerable effects on global biogeochemical cycles. However, despite recent large-scale studies of plankton, we are still lacking a comprehensive picture of the diversity of diatom biotic interactions in the marine microbial community. Through the ecological interpretation of both inferred microbial association networks and available knowledge on diatom interactions compiled in an open-access database, we propose an ecosystems approach for exploring diatom interactions in the ocean.
Heart failure enigma in young man: the acute onset of a frequently encountered condition with an unexpected cause
Authors: Leonor Lopez George Luis , Chaparro Sandra Viviana , Brozzi Nicholas , Badiye Amit
Published: January 2020

An 18-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department complaining of new onset chest pain, fever and orthopnoea. Initial workup was remarkable for elevated troponin, diffuse ST-segment elevation on ECG and chest X-ray with enlarged cardiac silhouette. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) demonstrates severe biventricular concentric hypertrophy and pericardial effusion. Also, Coxsackie virus A and B titres were positive, concerning for a classic viral pericarditis. However, despite medical management, the patient became dyspnoeic and hypotensive. Impending cardiac tamponade was observed on repeat TTE, and pericardiocentesis was performed, complicated by pulseless electrical activity cardiac arrest, and ultimately patient requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Emergent endomyocardial biopsy showed no inflammatory process, and a skin biopsy of a small lesion in the right arm showed unexpected diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (+) natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. On initiation of chemotherapy, clinical improvement was observed as evidenced by improving ejection fraction, resolution of pericardial effusion and gradual decrease in myocardial hypertrophy.
Genetic influence on macular retinal nerve fibre layer thickness according to retinal subfield
Authors: Hwang Sungsoon , Kong Mingui , Ko Hyeonyoung , Ham Don-Il , Song Yun-Mi
Published: January 2020

Background/aim

Characterising genetic effect on macular retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) is needed to obtain better understanding of various retinopathies and optic neuropathies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate genetic influence on macular RNFL thickness.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional, twin and family study. Three hundred and sixty-two Korean adults with healthy eyes were included in the study from 79 households with two or more family members. Macular RNFL thickness was measured with optical coherence tomography at nine macular subfields defined by the ETDRS. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were estimated to assess intrafamilial resemblance of RNFL thickness by different types of family relationship. Heritability of RNFL thickness was evaluated using variance decomposition model.

Results

RNFL thickness increased from central subfield to outer subfields. Temporal quadrant RNFL was thinner compared with other quadrants. Monozygotic twin pairs showed the highest ICCs of RNFL thickness, although the ICC level varied across different subfields. Heritability of RNFL thickness was the highest at central subfield (0.81). RNFL thicknesses of outer subfields were moderately to highly heritable: 0.53, 0.71, 0.47 and 0.66 for superior, inferior, temporal and nasal fields, respectively. RNFL thicknesses at inner subfields showed the lowest heritability: 0.21, 0.24, 0.27 and 0.27 for superior, inferior, temporal and nasal subfields, respectively.

Conclusion

Macular RNFL thickness is significantly influenced by genetic factors. It varies largely by subfields with the highest heritability at the central subfield and a relatively lower heritability at inner subfields.
Evidence too weak to guide surgical treatment decisions for anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review of the risk of new meniscal tears after anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Ekås Guri Ranum , Ardern Clare L , Grindem Hege , Engebretsen Lars
Published: January 2020

Objective

To investigate the risk of new meniscal tears after treatment for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, in children and adults with and without ACL reconstruction.

Design

Prognosis systematic review (PROSPERO registration number CRD42016036788).

Methods

We searched Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PEDro and Google Scholar from inception to 3rd May 2018. Eligible articles included patients with ACL injury (diagnosis confirmed by MRI and/or diagnostic arthroscopy), reported the number of meniscal tears at the time of ACL injury diagnosis/start of treatment and reported the number of new meniscal tears that subsequently occurred. Articles with fewer than 20 patients at follow-up, and articles limited to ACL revision surgery or multi-ligament knee injuries were excluded. Two independent reviewers screened articles, assessed eligibility, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. We judged the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group methodology.

Results

Of 75 studies included in the systematic review, 54 studies with 9624 patients and 501 new meniscal tears were appropriate for quantitative analysis. Heterogeneity precluded data pooling. The risk of new meniscal tears was 0%–21% when follow-up was <2 years, 0%–29% when follow-up was 2 to 5 years, 5%–52% when follow-up was 5 to 10 years and 4%–31% when follow-up was longer than 10 years. The proportion of studies with high risk of selection, misclassification and detection bias was 84%, 69% and 68%, respectively. Certainty of evidence was very low.

Conclusion

New meniscal tears occurred in 0%–52% of patients between 4 months and 20 years (mean 4.9±4.4 years) following treatment for ACL injury. The certainty of evidence was too low to guide surgical treatment decisions. This review cannot conclude that the incidence of new meniscal tears is lower if ACL injury is treated with surgery compared with treatment with rehabilitation only.
Rib stress injuries in the 2012–2016 (Rio) Olympiad: a cohort study of 151 Australian Rowing Team athletes for 88 773 athlete days
Authors: Harris Rachel , Trease Larissa , Wilkie Kellie , Drew Michael
Published: January 2020

Aim

To describe the demographics, frequency, location, imaging modality and clinician-identified factors of rib stress injury in a cohort of elite rowers over the Rio Olympiad (2012–2016).

Methods

Analysis of prospectively recorded medical records for the Australian Rowing Team in 2013–2015 and the combined Australian Rowing Team and Olympic Shadow Squad in 2016, examining all rib stress injuries.

Results

19 rib stress injuries (12 reactions and 7 fractures) were identified among a cohort of 151 athletes and included 12 female and 7 male cases, 11 open weight, 8 lightweight, 12 scull and 7 sweep cases. The most common locations of injury identified by imaging, were the mid-axillary line and rib 6. Period prevalence varied from 4% to 15.4% and incidence ranged from 0.27 to 0.13 per 1000 athlete days. There were no significant differences in prevalence by sex, sweep versus scull or weight class. There was a statistically significant increase in incidence in the pre-Olympic year (2015, p<0.001). MRI was the most commonly used modality for diagnosis. Stress fracture resulted in median 69 (IQR 56–157) and bone stress reaction resulted in 57 (IQR 45–78) days lost to full on water training.

Conclusions

In our 4-year report of rib stress injury in elite rowing athletes, period prevalence was consistent with previous reports and time lost (median ~10 weeks) was greater than previously published literature. Rib stress injury limits training and performance in elite rowers and MRI should be considered as a first line investigation.
KMBARC registry: protocol for a multicentre observational cohort study on non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in Korea
Authors: Lee Hyun , Choi Hayoung , Sim Yun Su , Park Shinhee , Kim Woo Jin , Yoo Kwang Ha , Lee Seung Jun , Kim Tae-Hyung , Yang Bumhee , Jeong Ina , Um Soo-Jung , Kim Deog Kyeom , Lee Ji-Hyun , Kwon Byoung Soo , Cho Young-Jae , Park Hye Yun , Lee Chang-Hoon , Rhee Chin Kook , Lee Sang Haak , Na Ju Ock , Jang An-Soo , Jung Ji Ye , Ra Seung Won , Lee Ji-Ho , Kim Sang-Ha , Kim Changhwan , Kim Youlim , Lee Chang Youl , Kim Hyun Kuk , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Sei Won , Oh Yeon-Mok
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Despite the significant disease burden of bronchiectasis in Korea, no large-scale, representative prospective cohort studies have been conducted to evaluate the clinical characteristics of Korean patients with bronchiectasis, indicating an urgent need for cohort studies on bronchiectasis.

Methods and analysis

The Korean Multicenter Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (KMBARC) is a prospective, non-interventional observational cohort study on bronchiectasis in Korea. The inclusion criteria of this registry are as follows: (1) adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with or without respiratory symptoms (cough, chronic sputum and/or recurrent respiratory infection) and chest computed tomography revealing bronchiectasis affecting one or more lobes and (2) stable status at the time of registration: patients with bronchiectasis who were admitted for a respiratory aetiology can be enrolled at least 4 weeks after hospital discharge. The exclusion criteria are as follows: (1) bronchiectasis due to cystic fibrosis; (2) traction bronchiectasis associated with interstitial lung disease; (3) patients actively being treated for pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection; (4) patients who are unable or unwilling to provide informed consent; and (5) pregnant patients. Although the KMBARC questionnaires for baseline and annual follow-up data are similar to the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration questionnaires, KMBARC has distinctive features such as use of Bronchiectasis Health Questionnaires, measurement with fatigue and depression scales, blood tests, use of consensus definition of exacerbations and information on emergency room or hospitalisation.

We aim to recruit at least 1200 patients over the study period from more than 26 hospitals in South Korea. Patients will undergo a detailed baseline and yearly assessment for up to 5 years. The study objectives of the KMBARC registry are as follows: (1) uncovering the natural course of bronchiectasis; (2) aiding in establishing evidence-based bronchiectasis guidelines in Korea; and (3) encouraging and facilitating studies on bronchiectasis in Korea.

Ethics and dissemination

This study received necessary approval from the Institutional Review Boards of all participating institutions. The Asan Medical Center Institutional Review Board gave overall approval for the study. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

KCT0003088.
Comparing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of self-management interventions in four high-priority chronic conditions in Europe (COMPAR-EU): a research protocol
Authors: Ballester Marta , Orrego Carola , Heijmans Monique , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Versteegh Matthijs Michaël , Mavridis Dimitri , Groene O , Immonen Kaisa , Wagner Cordula , Canelo-Aybar Carlos , Sunol Rosa
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Population ageing and increasing chronic illness burden have sparked interest in innovative care models. While self-management interventions (SMIs) are drawing increasing attention, evidence of their efficacy is mostly based on pairwise meta-analysis, generally derived from randomised controlled trials comparing interventions versus a control or no intervention. As such, relevant efficacy data for comparisons among different SMIs that can be applied to specific chronic conditions are missing. Therefore, the relevance of the available evidence for decision-making at clinical, organisational and policy levels is limited.

Aim

To identify, compare and rank the most effective and cost-effective SMIs for adults with four high-priority chronic conditions: type 2 diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and heart failure.

Methods and analysis

All activities will be conducted as part of the cost-effectiveness of self-management interventions in four high-priority chronic conditions in Europe(COMPAR-EU, Comparing effectiveness of self-management interventions in 4 high priority chronic diseases inEurope) Project, an European Union (EU)-funded project designed to bridge the gap between current knowledge and practice on SMIs. In the first phase of the project, we will develop and validate a taxonomy, and a Core Outcome Set for each condition. These activities will inform a series of systematic review and network meta-analysis about the effectiveness of SMIs. We will also perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of the most effective SMIs and an evaluation of contextual factors. We will finally develop tailored decision-making tools for the different relevant stakeholders.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee (University Institute for Primary Care Research - IDIAP Jordi Gol). All patients and other stakeholders will provide informed consent prior to participation. This project has been funded by the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 754936). Results will be of interest to relevant stakeholder groups (patients, professionals, managers, policymakers and industry), and will be disseminated in a tailored multi-pronged approach that will include deployment of an interactive platform.
Ensuring successful implementation of communication-and-resolution programmes
Authors: Mello Michelle M , Roche Stephanie , Greenberg Yelena , Folcarelli Patricia Henry , Van Niel Melinda Biocchi , Kachalia Allen
Published: January 2020

Background

Communication-and-resolution programmes (CRP) aim to increase transparency surrounding adverse events, improve patient safety and promote reconciliation by proactively meeting injured patients’ needs. Although early adopters of CRP models reported relatively smooth implementation, other organisations have struggled to achieve the same. However, two Massachusetts hospital systems implementing a CRP demonstrated high fidelity to protocol without raising liability costs.

Study question

What factors may account for the Massachusetts hospitals’ ability to implement their CRP successfully?

Setting

The CRP was collaboratively designed by two academic medical centres, four of their community hospitals and a multistakeholder coalition.

Data and methods

Data were synthesised from (1) key informant interviews around the time of implementation and 2 years later with individuals important to the CRP’s success and (2) notes from 89 teleconferences between hospitals’ CRP implementation teams and study staff to discuss implementation progress. Interview transcripts and teleconference notes were analysed using standard methods of thematic content analysis. A total of 45 individuals participated in interviews (n=24 persons in 38 interviews), teleconferences (n=32) or both (n=11).

Results

Participants identified facilitators of the hospitals’ success as: (1) the support of top institutional leaders, (2) heavy investments in educating physicians about the programme, (3) active cultivation of the relationship between hospital risk managers and representatives from the liability insurer, (4) the use of formal decision protocols, (5) effective oversight by full-time project managers, (6) collaborative group implementation, and (7) small institutional size.

Conclusion

Although not necessarily causal, several distinctive factors appear to be associated with successful CRP implementation.
Anti-D prophylaxis for rhesus D (RhD)-negative women having an abortion of a pregnancy up to 13+6weeks’ gestation: a systematic review and new NICE consensus guidelines
Authors: Schmidt-Hansen Mia , Lord Jonathan , Hawkins James , Cameron Sharon , Pandey Anuja , Hasler Elise , Regan Fiona
Published: January 2020

Background

In order to develop the 2019 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) national guideline on abortion care for the National Health Service1we undertook a systematic review comparing anti-D prophylaxis to no prophylaxis in rhesus D (RhD)-negative women undergoing medical or surgical abortion of pregnancy at ≤13+6weeks’ gestation

Methods

We searched Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Library on 19 October 2018. We also consulted experts and checked reference lists for any missed trials. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials and non-randomised comparative studies, published in English from 1985 onwards, comparing anti-D prophylaxis to no anti-D prophylaxis in RhD-negative women undergoing medical or surgical abortion at ≤13+6weeks’ gestation, and reporting subsequent anti-D isoimmunisation/sensitisation or subsequent affected pregnancy. These outcomes were to be analysed as risk ratios in Review Manager 5.3 using the Mantel-Haenszel statistical method and a fixed or random effect model. The overall quality of the evidence was planned to be assessed using GRADE.

Results

The search identified 426 potentially relevant studies of which none met the inclusion criteria. Recommendations for practice were therefore based on the clinical expertise of the guideline committee.

Conclusions

(1) Offer anti-D prophylaxis to women who are Rhesus D negative who are having an abortion after 10+0weeks’ gestation. (2) Do not offer anti-D prophylaxis to women who are having a medical abortion up to and including 10+0weeks’ gestation. (3) Consider anti-D prophylaxis for women who are rhesus D negative and are having a surgical abortion up to and including 10+0weeks’ gestation.
Association between TV viewing and heart disease mortality: observational study using negative control outcome
Authors: Hamer Mark , Ding Ding , Chau Josephine , Duncan Mitch J , Stamatakis Emmanuel
Published: January 2020

Aims

Sedentary behaviour (particularly television (TV) viewing) is thought to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We employed a negative control outcome to explore whether the association between TV viewing and heart disease mortality is explained by confounding.

Methods

The sample was drawn from the UK Biobank study and comprised 479 658 participants (aged 56.5±8.0 years; 45.7% men) followed up over a mean of 10.4 years. TV viewing was measured from self-report.

Results

There were 1437 ischaemic heart disease (IHD) deaths, and 214 accidental deaths (employed as the negative control outcome). TV viewing was related to the following confounding variables: age, smoking, alcohol, diet, obesity, physical inactivity, cardiovascular disease and education. The confounding structures were similar for both outcomes. TV viewing (per hour/d) was associated with IHD (hazard ratio (HR)=1.30, 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.33) and accidental death (HR=1.15, 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.24) in unadjusted models. Associations were attenuated for both outcomes and were considerably converged after adjustment for confounders; IHD (HR=1.09, 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.12) and accidental death (HR=1.06, 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.15).

Conclusion

The pattern of results for TV with an implausible outcome mirrored that of IHD, suggesting that observed associations between TV and heart disease are likely to be driven by confounding.
Welding and the risk of head and neck cancer: the ICARE study
Authors: Barul Christine , Matrat Mireille , Auguste Aviane , Dugas Julien , Radoï Loredana , Menvielle Gwenn , Févotte Joëlle , Guizard Anne-Valérie , Stücker Isabelle , Luce Danièle
Published: January 2020

Objective

To investigate the association between occupational exposure to welding and the risk of head and neck cancer in a large French population-based case-control study, the Investigation of occupational and environmental CAuses of REspiratory cancers study.

Methods

Analyses were restricted to men (2703 controls and 1588 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx). Welding activity and potential confounders were assessed by detailed questionnaires. ORs and CIs (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, area of residence, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and occupational exposure to asbestos.

Results

Welding was associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer overall (OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.67). The association was strongest for laryngeal cancer (OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.38) and the risk increased with the cumulative duration (p-trend <0.01) and the weighted duration (p-trend <0.01) of welding. A cumulative duration and a weighted duration of welding of more than 10 years were also associated with a significantly increased risk of oral cancer (OR=1.82, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.04; OR=2.10, 95% CI 0.99 to 4.45, respectively). A long duration of arc welding was associated with laryngeal cancer, whereas a long duration of spot welding was associated with oral cancer. Welding was not associated with the risk of oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that welding and several welding-related tasks increase the risk of laryngeal cancer and to a lesser extent oral cancer.
Glucose metabolism in midlife predicts participation in working life: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study
Authors: Varanka-Ruuska Tuulia , Tolvanen Mimmi , Vaaramo Eeva , Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka , Sebert Sylvain , Rautio Nina , Ala-Mursula Leena
Published: January 2020

Objective

To evaluate how clinically measured glucose metabolism categories predict registered participation in working life.

Methods

In the 46-year follow-up of Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n=5328, 2342 men and 2986 women), we used oral glucose tolerance tests, surveys and glycated haemoglobin to determine glucose metabolism categorised as normal, pre-diabetes, screen-detected and previous type 2 diabetes (T2D). Consequent participation in working life during the 2-year follow-up period was measured as registered disability, unemployment and employment days, for which incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using Poisson regression, adjusted for baseline employment and socioeconomic, health-related and behavioural factors.

Results

In comparison to normal glucose, all categories of impaired glucose metabolism were associated with poorer participation in working life in the unadjusted models. After adjustments, the risks (IRR (95% CI)) of disability days remained heightened by both screen-detected and previous T2D among men (1.3 (1.3 to 1.4) and 1.5 (1.4 to 1.5), respectively), whereas among women the risks were lowered (0.9 (0.8 to 0.9) and 0.9 (0.9 to 1.0), respectively). The risks of unemployment were consistently higher in all categories of impaired glucose metabolism, and were the highest among women with previous T2D (1.6 (1.5 to 1.6)). Correspondingly, the rates of total employment days were lower in relation to screen-detected T2D among men and women (5% and 6%, respectively), and previous T2D (6% and 3%).

Conclusions

Overall, impaired glucose metabolism associated with deteriorated working life participation already in middle age. The high prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism emphasises the need for actions to support sustainable working careers.
Time to return to work following workplace violence among direct healthcare and social workers
Authors: Choi Kelvin , Maas Esther T , Koehoorn Mieke , McLeod Christopher B
Published: January 2020

Objectives

This study examined time to return-to-work (RTW) among direct healthcare and social workers with violence-related incidents compared with these workers with non-violence-related incidents in British Columbia, Canada.

Methods

Accepted workers’ compensation lost-time claims were extracted between 2010 and 2014. Workers with violence-related incidents and with non-violence-related incidents were matched using coarsened exact matching (n=5762). The outcome was days until RTW within 1 year after the first day of time loss, estimated with Cox regression using piecewise models, stratified by injury type, occupation, care setting and shift type.

Results

Workers with violence-related incidents, compared with workers with non-violence-related incidents, were more likely to RTW within 30 days postinjury, less likely within 61–180 days, and were no different after 181 days. Workers with psychological injuries resulting from a violence-related incident had a lower likelihood to RTW during the year postinjury (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.86). Workers with violence-related incidents in counselling and social work occupations were less likely to RTW within 90 days postinjury (HR 31–60 days: 0.67, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.95 and HR 61–90 days: 0.46, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.69). Workers with violence-related incidents in long-term care and residential social services were less likely to RTW within 91–180 days postinjury.

Conclusions

Workers with psychological injuries, and those in counselling and social work occupations and in long-term care and residential social services, took longer to RTW following a violence-related incident than workers with non-violence-related incidents. Future research should focus on identifying risk factors to reduce the burden of violence and facilitate RTW.
Geospatial and seasonal variation of bronchiolitis in England: a cohort study using hospital episode statistics
Authors: Lewis Kate Marie , De Stavola Bianca , Hardelid Pia
Published: January 2020

Background

Rates of hospital admissions for bronchiolitis vary seasonally and geographically across England; however, seasonal differences by area remain unexplored. We sought to describe spatial variation in the seasonality of hospital admissions for bronchiolitis and its association with local demographic characteristics.

Methods

Singleton children born in English National Health Service hospitals between 2011 and 2016 (n=3 727 013) were followed up for 1 year. Poisson regression models with harmonic functions to model seasonal variations were used to calculate weekly incidence rates and peak timing of bronchiolitis admissions across English regions and clinical commissioning groups (CCGs). Linear regression was used to estimate the joint association of population density and deprivation with incidence and peak timing of bronchiolitis admissions at the CCG level.

Results

Bronchiolitis admission rates ranged from 30.9 per 1000 infant-years (95% CI 30.4 to 31.3) in London to 68.7 per 1000 (95% CI 67.9 to 69.5) in the North West. Across CCGs, there was a 5.3-fold variation in incidence rates and the epidemic peak ranged from week 49.3 to 52.2. Admission rates were positively associated with area-level deprivation. CCGs with earlier peak epidemics had higher population densities, and both high and low levels of deprivation were associated with earlier peak timing.

Conclusions

Approximately one quarter of the variation in admission rates and two-fifths of the variation in peak timing of hospital admissions for bronchiolitis were explained by local demographic characteristics. Implementation of an early warning system could help to prepare hospitals for peak activity and to time public health messages.
Activation of complement component 3 is associated with airways disease and pulmonary emphysema in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: O'Brien Michael E , Fee Laura , Browne Niall , Carroll Tomás P , Meleady Paula , Henry Michael , McQuillan Karen , Murphy Mark P , Logan Mark , McCarthy Cormac , McElvaney Oliver J , Reeves Emer P , McElvaney Noel G
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (AATD) is associated with early onset emphysema. The aim of this study was to investigate whether AAT binding to plasma constituents could regulate their activation, and in AATD, exploit this binding event to better understand the condition and uncover novel biomarkers of therapeutic efficacy.

Methods

To isolate AAT linker proteins, plasma samples were separated by size exclusion chromatography, followed by co-immunoprecipitation. AAT binding proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Complement turnover and activation was determined by ELISA measurement of C3, C3a and C3d levels in plasma of healthy controls (n=15), AATD (n=51), non-AATD patients with obstructive airway disease (n=10) and AATD patients post AAT augmentation therapy (n=5).

Results

Direct binding of complement C3 to AAT was identified in vivo and in vitro. Compared with healthy controls, a breakdown product of C3, C3d, was increased in AATD (0.04 µg/mL vs 1.96 µg/mL, p=0.0002), with a significant correlation between radiographic pulmonary emphysema and plasma levels of C3d (R2=0.37, p=0.001). In vivo, AAT augmentation therapy significantly reduced plasma levels of C3d in comparison to patients not receiving AAT therapy (0.15 µg/mL vs 2.18 µg/mL, respectively, p=0.001).

Discussion

Results highlight the immune-modulatory impact of AAT on the complement system, involving an important potential role for complement activation in disease pathogenesis in AATD. The association between plasma C3d levels and pulmonary disease severity, that decrease in response to AAT augmentation therapy, supports the exploration of C3d as a candidate biomarker of therapeutic efficacy in AATD.
A Particle Based Ionomer Attachment Model for a Fuel Cell Catalyst Layer
Authors: So Magnus , Park Kayoung , Tsuge Yoshifumi , Inoue Gen
Published: January 2020

A particle model for ionomer attachment on carbon black in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) catalyst layer was developed based the random walk method. Two different methods of particle attachment were used that resemble different catalyst ink preparation conditions: the solution method and the colloidal method. In the solution method, the simulation of attachment is conducted on the aggregate structures and in the colloid method, the attachment is simulated on the agglomerate structures. The distribution of carbon black, ionomer and void space was used in a multiscale electrochemical simulator that calculated the mass/charge transfer and reaction in the catalyst layer. The results of effective oxygen diffusion coefficients are consistent with experimental result and show why the Bruggeman correlation often is a poor approximation for upscaling the effective diffusive and conductive components in PEFC porous media. The solution method allowed for a better proton conduction through the ionomer but resulted in a thicker ionomer film that increased the oxygen diffusive resistance. However, solution and colloidal method resulted in similar cell performances. Our model can aid in the design to develop fuel cell catalyst layers with improved performance.
Retained Surgical Sponge Presenting Four Decades Later as a Rapidly Growing Soft Tissue Mass
Authors: Koek Adriana Y.
Published: January 2020

Retained surgical items continue to occur despite widespread implementation of prevention systems such as the surgical count, which has limited utility owing to its reliance on human performance. The most important risk factors for these events are poor communication in the operating room and inconsistent adherence to protocol. New technologies show efficacy in preventing retained surgical items and partially mitigating the poor reliability of the manual count. Additionally, efforts to address systemic and environmental sources of error have demonstrated success in reducing the incidence of retained surgical items. Here, we present the surprising case of a patient with a retained surgical sponge presenting as a soft tissue mass four decades after his surgery.
Improvement of Ethanol Tolerance by Inactive Protoplast Fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Xin Yi , Yang Mei , Yin Hua , Yang Jianming
Published: January 2020

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a typical fermentation yeast in beer production. Improving ethanol tolerance of S. cerevisiae will increase fermentation efficiency, thereby reducing capital costs. Here, we found that S. cerevisiae strain L exhibited a higher ethanol tolerance (14%, v/v) than the fermentative strain Q (10%, v/v). In order to enhance the strain Q ethanol tolerance but preserve its fermentation property, protoplast fusion was performed with haploids from strain Q and L. The fusant Q/L‐f2 with 14% ethanol tolerance was obtained. Meanwhile, the fermentation properties (flocculability, SO2 production, α‐N assimilation rate, GSH production, etc.) of Q/L‐f2 were similar to those of strain Q. Therefore, our works established a series of high ethanol‐tolerant strains in beer production. Moreover, this demonstration of inactivated protoplast fusion in industrial S. cerevisiae strain opens many doors for yeast‐based biotechnological applications.
Adjacent Segment Infection after Lumbar Fusion: A Case Report and the Literature Review
Authors: Wang Wenlong , Liu Zheng , Wu Sijun
Published: January 2020

Introduction. Adjacent segment infective spondylodiscitis is a rare type of surgical spinal infection after lumbar fusion with few reports. We report a further case of adjacent segment infection after three-level lumbar fusion managed successfully with anti-infective therapy and revision surgery. Case Description. A clinical case of a 69-year-old female with multilevel lumbar degenerative disease received three-level fusion. The leading preoperative symptoms were relieved after decompression surgery. However, severe back pain recurred and prompted her to be rehospitalized 2 months later. The signal of spondylitis and discitis at the adjacent segment was detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). No bacteria were identified despite blood cultures being taken before antibiotic treatment. After a long-term anti-infective therapy with vancomycin, the patient gained symptom relief and was discharged home. However, the patient complained of severe back pain again after long-term oral antibiotic treatment and was rehospitalized 6 months after surgery. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed obvious bony endplate destruction at the adjacent segment space. The patient received a debridement operation and autologous iliac bone graft. The infective inflammatory markers were controlled, and the infective space achieved fusion finally. Conclusion. Adjacent segment space infection is a rare reported complication that occurs after spinal fusion surgery. Conservative antibiotic therapy may not control the infection completely, and disc space debridement and autologous iliac bone graft can achieve ultimate fusion and a satisfactory outcome.
Fractal Control and Synchronization of the Discrete Fractional SIRS Model
Authors: Ouyang Miao , Zhang Yongping , Liu Jian
Published: January 2020

SIRS model is one of the most basic models in the dynamic warehouse model of infectious diseases, which describes the temporary immunity after cure. The discrete SIRS models with the Caputo deltas sense and the theories of fractional calculus and fractal theory provide a reasonable and sensible perspective of studying infectious disease phenomenon. After discussing the fixed point of the fractional order system, controllers of Julia sets are designed by utilizing fixed point, which are introduced as a whole and a part in the models. Then, two totally different coupled controllers are introduced to achieve the synchronization of Julia sets of the discrete fractional order systems with different parameters but with the same structure. And new proofs about the synchronization of Julia sets are given. The complexity and irregularity of Julia sets can be seen from the figures, and the correctness of the theoretical analysis is exhibited by the simulation results.
Estimating Deterioration Rate of Some Carbonate Rocks Used as Building Materials under Repeated Frost Damage Process, China
Authors: Mohamed Aly Abdelhamid Marzouk , Li Dong , Ren Gaofeng , Zhang Congrui
Published: January 2020

The degradation of natural rocks due to severe environmental conditions can influence their durability over an extended period of time. This research aims to investigate the long‐term durability or disintegration rate of rocks used as construction materials under severe climatic conditions using frost damage action, and the deterioration rate was assessed using mathematical decay function approach. The mathematical model assumes an initial order operation and gives purposeful properties for the deterioration rate of rocks due to frost action. For this reason, six different limestone types used as building materials were quarried from limestone mine in China and subjected to a series of laboratory tests to determine the mineralogical, petrographical, physical, and mechanical characteristics. Then, 50 cycles of frost damage process was performed, and after each 10 cycles, the unconfined compressive strength, point load strength, and Schmidt rebound were determined. The disintegration rate or integrity loss characteristics of each rock type were assessed using the mathematical decay function approach parameters. This approach proved that the disintegration rate varies for the rocks of the same type especially which were extracted from the same areas, the rock durability under frost damage conditions can be estimated with good accuracy, the parameters of this model saved a lot of time and provided important practical features to assess a rapid durability, and hence, there is no need to carry out the frost damage test which is slow and consumes time.
Extraction of the Proximal Phalanx: A New Option in Surgical Treatment of the Crossover Second Toe
Authors: Jeleč Željko , Gjurašin Tomislav , Vuković Pirkl Ana , Rujevčan Gordan
Published: January 2020

One of the biggest and commonest problems that is seen and treated by foot and ankle surgeons is the deformity where the second toe crosses over the hallux. According to available literature, this is the first published case of extraction of the proximal phalanx due to crossover toe deformity. We present the case of a 64-year-old Caucasian female with a crossover second toe deformity of her left foot. Because of this deformity, she was completely disabled to wear normal shoes and she felt intensive pain in her front part of the foot. She underwent a total extraction of the proximal phalanx of the second toe. After the operation, she was very satisfied with the status of the operated foot and the final result of the surgical treatment. The procedure that we performed could be a good possibility for the treatment of crossover second toe deformity because we got a good functional and cosmetic result, the morbidity associated with more advanced reconstruction is avoided, and the rehabilitation period was short. Patient satisfaction was high, and complications were minimal.
Future Inflow under Land Use and Climate Changes and Participation Process into the Medium‐Sized Reservoirs in Thailand
Authors: Thongwan Teerawat , Kangrang Anongrit , Techarungreungsakul Rapeepat , Ngamsert Ratsuda
Published: January 2020

The rainfall and runoff within a watershed area upper reservoir are necessary data for reservoir operation. In this manner, climate and land use changes are legitimately affected to inflow trademark into the reservoir storage. This investigation expects to appraise future inflow under the effect of atmosphere and land use changes of the Huay Sabag and Huay Ling Jone reservoirs, Thailand, during the period 2018–2067. The future inflow was evaluated by utilizing the SWAT model with the PRECIS territorial atmosphere model of B2 emanation situation, and considering land use information from the CA Markov model, both the balanced land use by support procedure type, and then unbalanced sort. Land use from CA Markov was adjusted by participation decides based on Taro Yamane table at the 90% of confidence. The outcome found that the normal precipitation and temperature were expanded in both upper store regions. The biggest land use change demonstrated the extension of the sugarcane and Para rubber tree, while paddy field and forest regions were diminished. The normal future inflows into the store under the two cases were expanded in examination with the watched information during the pattern year. However, the future inflow from the case of using CA Markov adjusting by participation process was higher than the future inflow from another case of using CA Markov without participation adjusting insignificantly for both reservoirs.
Edge δ− Graceful Labeling for Some Cyclic-Related Graphs
Authors: Zeen El Deen Mohamed R.
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we introduce a new type of labeling of a graph G with p vertices and q edges called edge δ− graceful labeling, for any positive integer δ, as a bijective mapping f of the edge set EG into the set δ,2δ,3δ,⋯,qδ such that the induced mapping f∗:VG→0,δ,2δ,3δ,⋯,qδ−δ, given by f∗u=∑uv∈EGfuvmodδk, where k=maxp,q, is an injective function. We prove the existence of an edge δ− graceful labeling, for any positive integer δ, for some cycle-related graphs like the wheel graph, alternate triangular cycle, double wheel graph Wn,n, the prism graph Πn, the prism of the wheel PWn, the gear graph Gn, the closed helm CHn, the butterfly graph Bn, and the friendship Frn.
Semantic Smart World Framework
Authors: ElDahshan K. , Elsayed E. K. , Mancy H.
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a general Semantic Smart World framework (SSWF), to cover the Migratory birds’ paths. This framework combines semantic and big data technologies to support meaning for big data. In order to build the proposed smart world framework, technologies such as cloud computing, semantic technology, big data, data visualization, and the Internet of Things are hybrid. We demonstrate the proposed framework through a case study of automatic prediction of air quality index and different weather phenomena in the different locations in the world. We discover the association between air pollution and increasing weather conditions. The experimental results indicate that the framework performance is suitable for heterogeneous big data.
Balloon‐Occluded Trans‐Arterial Chemo‐Embolization Technique with Repeated Alternate Infusion of Cisplatin Solution and Sparse Gelatin Slurry (RAIB‐TACE) for Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma Nodules More than 7 cm in Diameter
Authors: Irie Toshiyuki , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Kamoshida Toshiro , Kashimura Junya , Ariga Hiroyuki
Published: January 2020

Objective. It is sometimes difficult to obtain complete/partial response of large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules by trans‐arterial chemoembolization/embolization (TACE/TAE). The aim is retrospective investigation of tumor response of large HCC nodules (>7 cm) treated by the new TACE technique, repeated alternate infusion of cisplatin solution, and sparse gelatin slurry under balloon occlusion (RAIB‐TACE). Materials and Methods. A microballoon catheter was placed at a proximal portion of the hepatic artery (subsegmental to the lobar level hepatic artery), and alternate infusion of cisplatin solution and sparse gelatin slurry were repeated under balloon occlusion until stasis of gelatin slurry beyond the catheter was seen. RAIB‐TACE of multiple proximal hepatic and extrahepatic collateral arteries were performed to treat hemi‐lobe or more of the liver while avoiding infusion into gastric and cystic arteries for 19 large nodules (>7 cm) in 19 patients without portal venous invasion. All patients underwent dynamic CT/MRI 1–3 months after RAIB‐TACE, and tumor response of each large nodule was evaluated based on modified RECIST criteria. Results. CR, PR, SD, and PD were achieved in 11, 8, 0, and 0 nodules, respectively. CR and PR were considered as success, and the ratio of success was 100%. Major complications were abscess formation in the necrotic nodule (n = 1) which was treated by drainage tube placement, and subsegmental level liver infarction (n = 1) which recovered uneventfully. Conclusion. New TACE technique, RAIB‐TACE, was useful to achieve successful response of large HCC nodules.