bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mekanisasi Usahatani Padi Di Kecamatan Sananwetan Kota Blitar
Authors: Ratnawati Cristina
Published: February 2020

This research purposes for determining the use of agricultural mechanization and  its impact on rice farming in Sidomulyo Gapoktan, of Sananwetan District of Blitar City, which is expected to improve the living standards and welfare of its group members. The total samples which taken were 50 rice farmers of Sidomulyo Gapoktan in Sananwetan District of Blitar City. The sampling taken using purposive random sampling technique, which is deliberately chosed based on criteria which determined by the researcher.   The Data analysis was carried out descriptively, using the Mann-Whitney Test and the Multiple Linear Regression Cobb Douglas model. Based on the results of the study,  it was found that the mechanization of rice farming in Sidomulyo Gapoktan, Sananwetan District, Blitar City has not still optimal. This is caused by the farmers' perceptions of the results of unsatisfactory performance of agricultural machinery, a sense of humanity towards' farm labors, narrow area of farming and insufficient availability of agricultural machinery. The result of reseach which was used Mann-Whitney Test analysis, found that pesticide using and labor requirements were smaller and differed significantly in the use of full mechanization rather than partial mechanization. Harvest variable costs were lower in the use of full mechanization and were significantly different than using partial mechanisms. The Productivity of  rice in full  mechanization is 782,15 kg / 1000m2 while in partial mechanization was 682.87 kg / 1000m2. For farmers' income in full mechanization is Rp. 1,153,407, - per 1000 m2, in partial mechanization of Rp. 1,590,574, - per 1000m2. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis of the Cobb Douglas model shows that the land area (m2), seed costs and the use of mechanization have a significant influence on the income of rice farming in Sananwetan District, Blitar City.
Pengaruh Tenaga Kerja, Modal Dan Luas Lahan Terhadap Produksi Usaha Tani Tebu Di Kecamatan Ngadiluwih Kabupaten Kediri
Authors: Rozi Moh , Talkah Abu , Daroini Ahsin
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study are: (1) to know the effect of land area to the production of sugarcane farming business at Ngadiluwih-Kediri; (2) To know the effect of capital on sugarcane farm production at Ngadiluwih-Kediri; (3) To know the influence of labors on the production of sugarcane farming business in Ngadiluwih-Kediri; (4) to know the influence of land area, capital and labors simultanously to production of sugarcane farming business in Ngadiluwih-Kediri; (5) to know the most dominant influence of variable land area, labor and capital to the production of sugarcane farming business in Ngadiluwih Kediri.

Population used in this research is sugar cane farmer in Ngadiluwih-Kediri Regency. This study uses Proportional Stratified Random Sampling. This technique is used when the population has non-homogeneous elements and is taken randomly, but proportionately. By utilizing Slovin formulations in the sampling with the accuracy of 10% obtained 95 respondents. This study uses instruments that have been developed by previous researchers. The instrument used is a questionnaire with Likert scale 5 for each research variable.

The results showed that: (1) Labor has a positive influence on the production of sugarcane farming in Ngadiluwih Kediri Regency. (2) Capital significantly has a positive influence on the production of sugarcane farming in Ngadiluwih Kediri Regency. (3) Land area significantly has a positive influence on the production of sugarcane farming business in Ngadiluwih Kediri Regency. (4) Together labor, capital and land area have a positive effect on the production of sugar cane farming business in Ngadiluwih Kediri Regency. (5) The result of dominance test analysis to know the effective contribution shows that capital has the most dominant contribution in influencing the production of sugarcane farming business in Ngadiluwih Kediri Regency.
Analisis Pengaruh Transportasi Online terhadap Kesempatan Kerja dan Kesejahteraan di Kota Medan
Authors: Ian Alfian Ian Alfian , Sari Eka Purnama , Yuedrika Talia
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the influence of online transportation on employment opportunities and welfare in Medan City. The method used is a quantitative approach based on the path analysis with a simple linear regression analysis model. The results of the study showed that around 64,9% variables of online transportation explained by changes in variables of employment opportunities and welfare in in Medan City, while the test 35,1% is explained by other factors. About 33,4% of the variables of online transportation affected by employment opportunities and around 31.5% of the online transportation variables aff ected the welfare variable. The significance of the indirect test results indicates that there was an indirect effect of the variable online transportation on welfare through employment opportunities signifi cantly. The impact of this study is there is a significant influence on employment opportunities and community welfare in in Medan City with an Online Motorcycle taxi that can absorb labor and increase the income of UMKM through various services available in the online motorcycle taxi application.
Job satisfaction of users in enterprise resource planning system environment- the case of Vietnam
Authors: Xuan Hung Nguyen , Tra Lam Pham
Published: February 2020

In the context that the use of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system becomes more and more popular, this study seeks to investigate the relationship between task-technology fit (TTF) and job satisfaction to provide an additional evidence for evaluating the success of ERP application. Data was collected from a survey on 225 users of ERP systems in enterprises in Vietnam. The results from PLS analysis revealed that TTF is positively correlated with job satisfaction in an ERP environment. This study provides empirical evidence for the application of background theories including TTF and information systems success by DeLone and McLean. In addition, the results also added to the literature the success of ERP, in particular the job satisfaction of ERP users. On the basis of these results, businesses can plan to apply ERP to increase the job satisfaction, thereby increasing the likelihood of success in ERP application. At the same time, ERP vendors and implementers can provide better advice and support for their customers.
Applying topic model combined with Kohonen networks to discover and visualize communities on social networks
Authors: Trung Thanh Ho , Quang Hung Nguyen , Duy Thanh Tran
Published: February 2020

Users are members of communities on social networks. Users’ interested topics keep changing, resulting in the change of their communities’ interested topics as well. Level, period of time, and interested topics represent features of a community which (i) change upon preferences of each user on social networks for making friends or being interested in topics (based on message content); (ii) are formed or change from online groups of friends or the suggestions to make friends. Hence, the link of users in communities can be viewed as a network of users by their features in social network communities. In this paper, the author studies and proposes a new model for discovering communities using Temporal-Author-Recipient-Topic (TART) model combined with Kohonen neural networks to discover communities of users with the same interested topics over different periods of time. The research goal is achieved through testing models on two Vietnamese datasets (collected from social networks at universities and online newspapers).
The Vietnamese Economy in the Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: Van Thong Le , Trinh The Quan Vu
Published: February 2020

Mankind has undergone three scientific and technical revolutions and is now embarking on the fourth (also known as the Industrial Revolution 4.0). Globalization forces companies to review and innovate their production processes in the direction of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 – the integration of tools such as artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, etc. which are connected globally through digital data transmission. In spite of being in the new revolution, Vietnam is yet to utilize the achievements of the second and especially the third revolution. At the same time, it is expected that Vietnam is among the hardest hit countries due to its unreadiness in all aspects. This paper aims to (1) provide an overview of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, (ii) evaluate the influence of the revolution on Vietnam, and (iii) analyze opportunities and challenges for Vietnam's economy. A number of recommendations to develop Vietnam's economy in the near future is also provided, including: (1) Changing education and training strategies to be in line with the Industrial Revolution 4.0, especially the undergraduate education; (2) Having appropriate science and technology development strategy to increase labor productivity and build a foundation for advanced science and technology; and (3) strengthening the role of the State.
Emotional Interligence and performance of employees in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Thuy Anh Trinh , Thi Thu Ha Nguyen , Thanh Tuan Thai
Published: February 2020

This study aims to identify the elements of emotional intelligence and measure their impact on employee performance in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The research uses qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. The qualitative method was conducted through a survey on ten human resources experts with at least five years of experience to test the suitability of the scale and the clarity of words and content. The quantitative method is to evaluate the scale and re-test hypotheses with a sample of 217 employees. The results show that emotional intelligence exerts a positive impact on the employee performance. Specifically, the standardized betas of self-management, self-awareness, social management and social awareness skills are 0.395, 0,318, 0,178, and 0,184, respectively. The self-awareness of employees in HCMC is not as high as the other three factors, suggesting that training and coaching activities to improve employee’s emotional intelligence are necessary to enhance their performance.
Factors affecting the intention to use online shopping apps in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Thi Hong Hanh Nguyen , Minh Hung Duong , Duy Phuong Trinh Vu , Truong Tuong Vy Cao , Thi Nhu Y La
Published: February 2020

This study aims to identify factors affecting the intention to use online shopping apps of Vietnamese consumers. The results indicate the suitability of the theoretical model for market data. Some hypotheses in the model are also accepted. Based on theory of technology acceptance suggested in previous studies, the authors identified five out of eight tested factors that influence the intention to use online shopping apps. In particular, the results from multiple regression analysis on a dataset of 315 customers show that flexibility, habit, trust, hedonic motivation and perceived risk have a direct impact on the intention to use online shopping apps. This study is expected to provide e-commerce companies an overview of the customers who use mobile apps for online shopping and thereby allowing them to develop and improve their apps as well as design strategic plans.
The impact of economic value added (EVA) and return on assets on created shareholder value of Vietnamese firms
Authors: Thi Thuy Linh Tran
Published: February 2020

The financial performance of an enterprise affects the valuation of assets to its shareholders. Maximizing the value of assets for shareholders is an important goal of corporate financial management, so shareholders always expect share value increases to achieve optimal investment efficiency. The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of Economic Value Added (EVA) and Return on Assets (ROA) on Created Shareholders Value (CSV) in Vietnamese listed companies during 2011-2016. Whether EVA measure better than the traditional performance measure like ROA on CSV? The CSV indicator is measured by two models: the Fernandez model (2001) and the Market Value Added (MVA) model. The regression methods were being used are the OLS regression model and the Robust regression model. The research results show that EVA has a positive impact on CSV in most years in the period of 2011-2016. In addition, EVA is more effective than ROA in explaining the changes in CSV in most years during the research period, showing the outstanding advantage of EVA in evaluating CSV over ROA. This study encourages companies to use a combination of different measurement methods to valuate shareholder assets and financial performance.
The friendly and cooperative relationship between Korea and Vietnam: The nature, current development and potential
Authors: Hoang Tien Nguyen
Published: February 2020

Diplomatic relations between Vietnam and South Korea officially began on December 22, 1992. Looking back over twenty years after the end of the Cold War, along with the profound changes in the world’s situation and the situation in Asia-Pacific region, Vietnam-South Korea relationship has grown exponentially. In the history of international relations, very few relationships have not gone through the ups and downs; but growing up steadily. It seems that the relationship between Vietnam and South Korea is an exception. In a quite short period of time, since the establishment of the diplomatic relationship in 1992, relations between the two countries have developed rapidly in many fields such as economic, political and cultural. South Korea is the fourth largest trading partner and the largest foreign investor in Vietnam, only after Japan. The Korean Samsung Corporation is the role model investor in Vietnam. South Korea also has the largest community group living and working in Vietnam. In contrary, Vietnamese students are among the largest groups of foreign students studying in South Korea. Vietnamese workers are among the largest groups of foreign labor force and Vietnamese community also is among the largest and vibrant groups of foreign communities in South Korea. In addition, beside the common historical origin and being in mutual strategic partnership relationship, Vietnam and South Korea share many similarities in business customs, cultural background, cuisine and life-styles. It can be commented that this relationship is only continually in the rise and the two countries' public opinions are particularly welcoming this booming relationship. This review article is trying to cover and analyze all-round current relationship between the two nations and the implication for the future.
The role of perceived usefulness in the relationship between task — technology fit and individual job performance in ERP implementation — evidence from Vietnam’s enterprises
Authors: Nhi Vo Van , Lam Pham Tra
Published: February 2020

In this context, the aim of the study was to examine the role of perceived usefulness in the relationship between individual job performance and task – technology fit in ERP environment. The study was done by 225 individuals. The results of the PLS_SEM analysis reveal ed that task — technology fit was significantly and positively related to perceived usefulness and individual job performance in ERP environment. Furthermore, perceived usefulness was significantly to individual job performance in ERP context. The results of this study added to the empirical evidence in the application of background theories including TTF, TAM and TTF models combined, DeLone and McLean IS Success Model, and ECM. Besides, they also added to the theoretical background of ERP's success. Furthermore, they support for companies who are planning to use ERP systems and the ERP vendors and implementers become more knowledgeable about ERP's success and forecast success when using ERP systems. Based on these results, the enterprise can plan the application to improve the efficiency of ERP systems. At the same time, the ERP vendors and developers can better advise and support their customers when delivering and deploying ERP systems
Law compliance and enforcement in doing business to follow the rule of law in the market economy of Viet Nam
Authors: The Giang Vien
Published: February 2020

Based on the theory of agency problem and the relation between the government and market, this paper analyzes and evaluates the practice of law compliance and enforcement in doing business of enterprises. It is necessary to strengthen the law compliance and enforcement to enterprises, thereby ensuring the rule of law in business organization and operations. The results show that the regime of legal representative significantly affects the law compliance and enforcement of enterprises. In addition, the role of the government in enacting, modifying, and enforcing law of investment or doing business can negatively affect the the law compliance and enforcement of enterprises. Therefore, it is of importance to design a legal framework to monitor the behavior of legal representatives of enterprises and control the unreasonable intervention of the government in relationships in a market economy.
Menstrual Patterns of Progestin Injection Contraception and Combinations in Kisaran Barat District
Authors: Ira Puspita  , Nur Afi Darti
Published: February 2020

The increase in population and the high maternity death rate has caused the government to mitigate birth rate by providing KB (Family Planning), using contraceptive devices; one of them is progesterone and estrogen hormone injection, done by intramuscularly method in fertility-aged women. Its side-effect isthat it can influence menstruation irregularity. The objective of the research was to find out menstruation pattern of the users of progestin and combination injections at Kelurahan Sendang Sari and Kelurahan Dadi Mulyo, Kisaran Barat Sub-district, where the research was done. The population was 348 people at the two villages, and 76 of them were used as the samples, taken by using accidental sampling technique. The result of the research showed that 32 respondents (84.2%) were not in abnormal category in their menstruation pattern, using progestin injection, and 29 respondents (76.3%) were in abnormal category in the menstruation pattern, using combination injection. It is recommended that KB counselors provide counseling about the mechanism of the work of injection contraception which causes side-effect of menstruation irregularity.
Factors Related to Community Knowledge of Rabies Management in Sintang, West Kalimantan
Authors: Martina Siska Evi , Blasius
Published: February 2020

Rabies is an acute infectious disease in central nervous system which is the effect of a zoonotic virus that  spread through direct contact to the wound or mucosa by infected animal saliva or paw. Rabies virus has been transmitted to human through a animal’s rabies transmitters bite like dog, car, and ape. Indonesia is a Country with a high prevalence of rabies. The low level of knowledge and lack of source of informations lead rabies prevention still become a serious problem. Purpose of this research is to knowing factors that influence society level of knowledge about rabies handling in Desa Sekubang, Sintang, West espondent. This research using descriptive quantitative correlation method with cross sectional approaches. There are 146 patriarch respondent in Desa Sekubang that has been comply inclusion criteria. The research result show that 63,7% espondent age 20-40, 49,3% respondent only studied until elementary school, 86,3% got the information from healthcare workers, 91,1% has a risk environment, and 89% have a good knowledge. Kendall’s tau-c and Chi-square correlation test statistically have a relation between age (p=0,114), education (p=0,000), environment (p=0,000), information from healthcare workers and the level of knowledge about rabies handling.Therefore this research shows the source of information from healthcare workers is very important to increase knowledge of rabies handling.
Phenomenology Study: The Experiences of Nurses in Community To Involving Parents, Teen, And Peers To Prevention Free Sex Among Teenagers
Authors: Mulyadi Budhi , Agung Waluyo  , Dewi Irawati  , Ede Surya Darmawan
Published: February 2020

WHO reported that 30-50% of teenagers pregnance have until 19 year old in the world (2011) .in Indonesia, Teenagers having sex in Bandung, 54%, 51% Jakarta, and Surabaya 47% (JPNN, 2014). Campaign for teenagers condom use not accordance with Indonesian culture.                                                 Indonesia is not justified HIV prevention and teen pregnancy with condom use campaign. Phenomenological study method by in-depth interview nurses in the community about the experience of involving parents, teens, and peers to prevent free sex in adolescents. The result is that in order to prevent free sex in adolescents should involve parents, teens, and peers.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CANCER PATIENTS UNDERGOING CHEMOTHERAPY IN MURNI TEGUH HOSPITAL MEDAN
Authors: Sitepu Nunung Febriany , Asrizal  , Lufthiani
Published: February 2020

Cancer is a group of diseases that occur due to changes in body cells into abnormal cells. Treatment of breast cancer takes a long time and has a negative impact on the physical and mental patients. The cause of patients not following chemotherapy treatment routinely and leaving the chemotherapy treatment schedule in one treatment cycle is because the patient's physical condition is not strong so he cannot continue treatment.  Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in developing countries. Every year the number of cancer sufferers in the world increases to 6.25 million people. In developed countries, cancer is the second leading cause of death after card iovascular diseases.This research is descriptive quantitative research with the aim to analyze the characteristics of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in murni teguh hospital medan.  The study sample is 30 patient cancer with simple random sampling. . data collection using a questionnaire, consisting of demographic data cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, collect data in Murni Teguh Hospital Medan, April – September 2019.
Tuberculosis epidemiological situation in Ukraine
Authors: Feshchenko Y. I. , Melnyk V. M. , Gumeniuk M. I. , Lynnyk M. I.
Published: February 2020

Purpose of the study. Analysis of epidemic situation for tuberculosis in Ukraine.

Material and methods. Official materials of annual reports of medical institutions of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, materials of the analytical and statistical reference book “Tuberculosis in Ukraine” (2018).

Results. Despite the decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis over the past 5 years, the statistical indicators remain high, exceeding the epidemic threshold, that is, the epidemic situation with this infectious disease remains difficult. Forecasting using trends indicates that no significant epidemic dynamics are expected in the next 5 years. There is an increase in the incidence of tuberculosis in combination with AIDS, mortality in patients under 1 year of observation, and the incidence of tuberculosis in contact persons. Indicators of adult coverage by preventive fluorographic examinations and tuberculin diagnostics of children aged 0-14 years continue to decline, and therefore the actual morbidity rates are much higher. All this requires urgent measures to improve the existing system of detection, diagnosis, treatment, prevention of tuberculosis.
Non-destructive quality assessment of tomato fruit using differential absorbance technique
Authors: Rahman MA , Islam MN , Nasrin TAA , Begum MM
Published: February 2020

A rapid and non-destructive assessment of quality parameters in tomatoes was evaluated using a portable differential absorbance (DA) meter in order to accurately establish optimum harvest maturity. A commercial tomato variety cv. ‘BARI Tomato-8’ grown in the summer season of Bangladesh was used in this study. Different quality parameters including fruit skin colour, tissue firmness, chlorophyll contents, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity and pH of tomatoes were determined using standard reference methods. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the difference in absorbance index (IDA) and fruit quality parameters. The correlation coefficients showed good ability in estimating the hue angle, chlorophyll contents, titratable acidity and firmness of tomatoes showing ‘r’ values of 0.93, 0.91, 0.91 and 0.92-0.94, respectively. However, the changes of ascorbic acid contents and TSS of tomatoes did not follow the linear model during fruit maturation. Thus, the DA meter could most accurately predict the major quality attributes and may be used as an efficient technique for in-plant non-destructive assessment of tomato fruit qualities.

Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 9(2): 42-50, December 2019
Місце українського права у правовій системі Великого князівства Литовського та Речі Посполитої
Authors: КОВАЛЬОВА СВІТЛАНА
Published: February 2020

Відмова від монополії марксистської методології, а отже, від диктату позитивістського праворозуміння, дає змогу переглянути деякі концепти, пов’язані з історією вітчизняного права. Сучасне трактування права як складного, багаторівневого соціокультурного феномену, що не може бути редукований до етатистської догми, дає можливість говорити про безперервну тривалість буття права в українському соціумі – українського права – незалежно від наявності/відсутності власної державності у той чи інший конкретний проміжок часу.
Метою статті є встановлення загальних рис та особливостей українського права другої половини XIV – першої половини XVII ст. і його місця та ролі у формуванні правової системи Великого князівства Литовського та Речі Посполитої.
З позицій посткласичних підходів до праворозуміння онтологія права реалізується у правових нормах, в індивідуальній і суспільній правосвідомості та правовій культурі, у правовідносинах. Тож деякі модуси буття права не залежать від наяв ності у суспільства власної державності. Литовсько-руське право, що діяло у Великому князівстві Литовському, мало в основі руську/українську правову традицію. Основу правової системи Великого князівства Литовського становили правові норми, інститути та принципи, що сформувалися і функціонували у праві Київської Русі та Галицько-Волинської держави. Руська/українська правосвідомість визначала напрями та характер розвитку права упродовж другої половини ХІV – першої половини ХVІІ ст., у створенні писаного права брали участь українські юристи та державні діячі. Упродовж XV–XVI ст. литовсько-руське право еволюціонувало від середньовічного до ранньомодерного; воно розвивалося у загальноєвропейському руслі, зазнаючи впливу римського права та європейського міського права (у варіанті магдебурзького права), вбираючи сформовані в добу Ренесансу та Реформації передові гуманістичні ідеї та цінності, однак зберігаючи при цьому руську/українську основу. Поштовхом для появи нових правових інститутів були нові соціальні, політичні, культурні реалії, які формувалися у державі зусиллями українського, литовського, білоруського народів; запозичені норми органічно впліталися у загальний правовий контент, не лише впливаючи на правосвідомість українського суспільства, а й зазнаючи певної трансформації у правовідносинах, що розгорталися на українських теренах, під впливом правової психології українців.
Отже, право Великого князівства Литовського, сформоване на основі давньоруської (української і білоруської) правової спадщини, упродовж другої половини ХІV – першої половини ХVІІ ст. зазнавало закономірної еволюції, яка позначалася на правосвідомості, правовій культурі та правовідносинах. Це право є надбанням однаковою мірою українців, білорусів, литовців. Тож термін “українське право литовського (польсько-литовського) періоду” є коректним щодо правової реальності українських земель цієї доби.
Behavioural traits and feeding ecology of Mediterranean lionfish and naiveté of native species to lionfish predation
Authors: D’Agostino D , Jimenez C , Reader T , Hadjioannou L , Heyworth S , Aplikioti M , Argyrou M , Feary DA
Published: February 2020

The detrimental effects of invasion by Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans/miles on western Atlantic fishes have spurred concerns for Mediterranean fish biodiversity, where Lessepsian lionfish P. miles have recently established populations in the eastern basin. In order to assess the potential impact on biodiversity, we examined key behavioural and ecological traits of lionfish and the resident fish community in the Mediterranean that may contribute to lionfish invasion success. We focussed on Cyprus, where lionfish were first sighted in 2012 and have now formed abundant and stable populations. Using field observations, we examined lionfish predatory behaviour and feeding ecology, and naiveté of resident fish species to hunting lionfish. Our findings suggest that lionfish in the Mediterranean are crepuscular generalist predators, with targeted prey dominated by small-bodied benthic or bentho-pelagic associated species. Such prey are more likely to be native than introduced (Lessepsian) fishes, with native prey fishes showing greater naiveté towards lionfish than Lessepsian prey species. Notably, one of the Mediterranean’s key ecological fish species (the native damselfish Chromis chromis) showed the highest level of naiveté and was the most heavily targeted prey. Overall, lionfish in the Mediterranean show similar predatory behaviour and ecology to their western Atlantic counterparts. Although the establishment of Mediterranean lionfish populations is still recent, it may result in a similar disruption to reef fish biomass to that recorded in the Atlantic, with impacts on the structure and biodiversity of reef fish communities and the services they provide.
Diet Supplementation with a Bioactive Pomace Extract from Olea europaea Partially Mitigates Negative Effects on Gut Health Arising from a Short-Term Fasting Period in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Herrero-Encinas Javier , Blanch Marta , Pastor José J. , Menoyo David
Published: February 2020

The effects of supplementing chicken diets with an olive pomace extract (OE) from Olea europaea on performance and gut health after a challenge of intestinal permeability (IP) increase were studied. Treatments included a control diet with no additives (CF), and diets supplemented with 100 ppm of monensin (MF) or with 500 (OE500F) and 1500 ppm (OE1500F) of an OE. At 14 d, all birds, except those allocated in a control group (CNF), were submitted to a 15.5 h short-term fasting period to induce IP increase. Fasting increased (p < 0.05) lactulose/mannitol ratio and Alpha 1 Acid Glycoprotein concentration, and reduced (p < 0.001) villus/crypt ratio. Moreover, a down-regulation of Claudin-1 (p < 0.05), an up-regulation of TLR4 and IL-8 (p < 0.05) ileal gene expression was observed in CF birds compared to CNF. OE500F treatment reduced duodenal crypt depth compared to CF (p < 0.05; OE linear effect). Mannitol concentration and ileal IL-8 expression were reduced in OE500F compared to CF and OE1500F (p = 0.05). Fasting challenge induced an increase in IP triggering an inflammatory response. Supplementation of OE up to 1500 ppm did not affect growth performance and alleviated some of the negative effects of the fasting challenge.
Detection and Characterization of Leptospira Infection and Exposure in Rats on the Caribbean Island of Saint Kitts
Authors: Rajeev Sreekumari , Shiokawa Kanae , Llanes Alejandro , Rajeev Malavika , Restrepo Carlos Mario , Chin Raymond , Cedeño Eymi , Ellis Esteban
Published: February 2020

In this study, we detected and characterized Leptospira infection and exposure in rats on the Caribbean island of Saint Kitts for the first time. We detected Leptospira infection in 17/29 (59%), 14/29 (48)%, and 11/29 (38)% of rats by RT-PCR, culture, and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and analysis and serogrouping of 17 Leptospira strains isolated from rats revealed their close relationship with L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 10) and L. borgpetersenii serogroup Ballum (n = 7). WGS, serogrouping, and additional PCR tests on rat kidneys confirmed mixed infections with L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii in the kidneys of three rats. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was positive for 25/29 (87%) of the rats tested, and the response was restricted to serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae {24/29(83%)}, Mankarso {4/29(14%)}, Copenhageni {4/29(14%)}, Grippotyphosa {2/29(7%)}, and Wolffi {1/29(3%)}. Interestingly, there was no agglutinating antibody response to serovar Ballum. We observed a similar pattern in the serologic response using Leptospira isolates obtained from this study with each of the rat sera, with strong response to L. interrogans isolates but minimal reactivity to L. borgpetersenii isolates. Our findings suggest the use of multiple complementary diagnostic tests for Leptospira surveillance and diagnosis to improve the accuracy of the data.
Evaluation of the Physical Properties of Bedding Materials for Dairy Cattle Using Fuzzy Clustering Analysis
Authors: Ferreira Ponciano Ferraz Patrícia , Araújo e Silva Ferraz Gabriel , Leso Lorenzo , Klopčič Marija , Rossi Giuseppe , Barbari Matteo
Published: February 2020

The bedding materials used in dairy cow housing systems are extremely important for animal welfare and performance. A wide range of materials can be used as bedding for dairy cattle, but their physical properties must be analysed to evaluate their potential. In the present study, the physical properties of various bedding materials for dairy cattle were investigated, and different fuzzy clustering algorithms were employed to cluster these materials based on their physical properties. A total of 51 different bedding materials from various places in Europe were collected and tested. Physical analyses were carried out for the following parameters: bulk density (BD), water holding capacity (WHC), air-filled porosity (AFP), global density (GD), container capacity (CC), total effective porosity (TEP), saturated humidity (SH), humidity (H), and average particle size (APS). These data were analysed by principal components analysis (PCA) to reduce the amount of data and, subsequently, by fuzzy clustering analysis. Three clustering algorithms were tested: k-means (KM), fuzzy c-means (FCM) and Gustafson–Kessel (GK) algorithms. Furthermore, different numbers of clusters (2−8) were evaluated and subsequently compared using five validation indexes. The GK clustering algorithm with eight clusters fit better regarding the division of materials according to their properties. From this clustering analysis, it was possible to understand how the physical properties of the bedding materials may influence their behaviour. Among the materials that fit better as bedding materials for dairy cows, Posidonia oceanica (Cluster 6) can be considered an alternative material.
Sequential Analysis of Livestock Herding Dog and Sheep Interactions
Authors: Early Jonathan , Aalders Jessica , Arnott Elizabeth , Wade Claire , McGreevy Paul
Published: February 2020

Livestock herding dogs are crucial contributors to Australian agriculture. However, there is a dearth of empirical studies of the behavioural interactions between dog and livestock during herding. A statistical approach that may reveal cause and effect in such interactions is lag sequential analysis. Using 48 video recordings of livestock herding dogs and sheep in a yard trial competition, event-based (time between behaviours is irrelevant) and time-based (time between behaviours is defined) lag sequential analyses identified several significant behavioural interactions (adjusted residuals greater than 2.58; the maximum likelihood-ratio chi-squared statistic for all eight contingency tables identified all sequences as highly significant (p < 0.001)). These sequences were: The dog ceasing all movement followed by the sheep also ceasing movement; the dog chasing the sheep and a group of sheep escaping the main flock; a single sheep escaping the flock and the dog chasing; sheep initiating movement followed by the dog following; foot-stamping followed by the dog ceasing all movement; and, foot-stamping by the sheep and the dog lip-licking in response. Log linear regression identified significant relationships among undesirable behaviours in sheep and both observed trial duration (p = 0.001) and trial score (p = 0.009). No differences in the herding styles of dogs were identified between sex of dog and frequency of sheep escape behaviours (p = 0.355) nor the sex of dog and competition level (p = 0.116). The identification of trial score as a predictor of efficient performance confirms the benefits of incorporating extant objective measures to assess livestock herding dogs.
Equine Milk Production and Valorization of Marginal Areas—A Review
Authors: Miraglia Nicoletta , Salimei Elisabetta , Fantuz Francesco
Published: February 2020

The equine dairy chain is renewing the interest toward horse and donkey breeding for the production of milk with potential health promoting properties. The dairy equine chain for human consumption could contribute to the rural eco-sustainable development for the micro-economies of those areas threatened by marginalization. As a part of the whole equine industry, and its possible impact in the modern and future society, the main traits of the equine dairy enterprise are reviewed with a special focus on management of animals and milk. Equine milk compositional and nutritional peculiarities are described as also related to milk hygiene and health issues. Scientific and technical aspects of the feeding management are considered in the frame of the emerging dairy equine enterprise, where pasture is an essential element that allows to match production goals for horses and donkeys, biodiversity preservation, as well as landscape safeguard.
Monitoring Acute Pain in Donkeys with the Equine Utrecht University Scale for Donkeys Composite Pain Assessment (EQUUS-DONKEY-COMPASS) and the Equine Utrecht University Scale for Donkey Facial Assessment of Pain (EQUUS-DONKEY-FAP)
Authors: van Dierendonck Machteld C. , Burden Faith A. , Rickards Karen , van Loon Johannes P.A.M.
Published: February 2020

Objective pain assessment in donkeys is of vital importance for improving welfare in a species that is considered stoic. This study presents the construction and testing of two pain scales, the Equine Utrecht University Scale for Donkey Composite Pain Assessment (EQUUS-DONKEY-COMPASS) and the Equine Utrecht University Scale for Donkey Facial Assessment of Pain (EQUUS-DONKEY-FAP), in donkeys with acute pain. A cohort follow-up study using 264 adult donkeys (n = 12 acute colic, n = 25 acute orthopaedic pain, n = 18 acute head-related pain, n = 24 postoperative pain, and n = 185 controls) was performed. Both pain scales showed differences between donkeys with different types of pain and their control animals (p < 0.001). The EQUUS-DONKEY-COMPASS and EQUUS-DONKEY-FAP showed high inter-observer reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.97 and 0.94, respectively, both p < 0.001). Sensitivity of the EQUUS-DONKEY-COMPASS was good for colic and orthopaedic pain (83% and 88%, respectively), but poor for head-related and postoperative pain (17% and 21%, respectively). Sensitivity of the EQUUS-DONKEY-FAP was good for colic and head-related pain (75% and 78%, respectively), but moderate for orthopaedic and postoperative pain (40% and 50%, respectively). Specificity was good for all types of pain with both scales (91%–99%). Different types of acute pain in donkeys can be validly assessed by either a composite or a facial expression-based pain scale.
The Oxidative Stress Markers in the Erythrocytes and Heart Muscle of Obese Rats: Relate to a High-Fat Diet but Not to DJOS Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Skrzep-Poloczek Bronisława , Poloczek Jakub , Chełmecka Elżbieta , Dulska Agnieszka , Romuk Ewa , Idzik Maciej , Kazura Wojciech , Nabrdalik Katarzyna , Gumprecht Janusz , Jochem Jerzy , Stygar Dominika Marta
Published: February 2020

Obesity and high-fat diet (HF) are prevalent causes of oxidative stress (OS). Duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) is a bariatric procedure used for body mass reduction, extensively tested in animal models. We studied the long-term impact of bariatric surgery and an HF diet on the oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes and heart muscles of rats. We analyzed superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in DJOS or SHAM (control) operated rats fed with different dietary protocols (control diet (CD) and high-fat diet (HF)), before and after the surgery (CD/CD, HF/HF, CD/HF, and HF/CD). We observed higher erythrocytes CAT, GST and GPx activity in DJOS-operated (vs. SHAM) rats fed with an HF/HF diet. For DJOS-operated rats, erythrocytes CAT and GPx activity and MDA concentration were significantly lower in CD/CD group. We observed increased heart muscle GR activity in SHAM-operated rats (vs. DJOS bariatric surgery) fed with an HF/HF diet. Change from HF to CD diet increased heart muscle GPx activity after DJOS bariatric surgery. Heart muscle SOD activity was lower in HF/HF and CD/CD groups after DJOS bariatric surgery (vs. SHAM). DJOS surgery significantly reduced heart muscle MDA concentration in HF/HF and HF/CD groups (vs. SHAM). We conclude that the selected dietary patterns had a stronger impact on oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes and heart muscle than DJOS bariatric surgery.
Beneficial Impact of an Extract from the Berries of Aronia melanocarpa L. on the Oxidative-Reductive Status of the Submandibular Gland of Rats Exposed to Cadmium
Authors: Dąbrowski Adam , Onopiuk Barbara M. , Car Halina , Onopiuk Paweł , Dąbrowska Zofia N. , Rogalska Joanna , Brzóska Małgorzata M. , Dąbrowska Ewa
Published: February 2020

Oxidative stress underlies the pathomechanisms of toxic action of cadmium (Cd), including its damaging impact on the oral cavity. This study investigated whether the administration of an extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. berries (AME), characterized by their strong antioxidative potential, may have a beneficial impact on the oxidative-reductive status of the submandibular gland in an experimental model of low-level and moderate human environmental exposure to cadmium. The main markers of the antioxidative status (glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, total antioxidative status (TAS)), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI = TOS/TAS), and lipid peroxides, as well as cadmium concentration, were evaluated in the submandibular gland tissue of female Wistar rats who received a 0.1% aqueous AME and/or a diet containing 0, 1, and 5 mg Cd/kg for 3 and 10 months. The treatment with cadmium decreased the activities of antioxidative enzymes (29%–74%), reduced glutathione concentration (45%–52%), and TAS and increased TOS, resulting in the development of oxidative stress and enhanced concentration of lipid peroxides in the submandibular gland. The administration of AME at both levels of exposure to cadmium offered significant protection against these actions of this xenobiotic. After the 10 month exposure to the 1 and 5 mg Cd/kg diet, TAS was decreased by 77% and 83%, respectively, TOS, OSI, and lipid peroxides concentration were increased by 50% and 52%, respectively, 11.8-fold and 14.4-fold, respectively, and 2.3-fold and 4.3-fold, respectively, whereas, in the case of the extract co-administration, the values of these parameters did not differ compared to the control group. The results indicate that the consumption of aronia products under exposure to cadmium may have a beneficial impact on the oxidative-reductive status of the submandibular gland and prevent oxidative stress development and enhanced lipid peroxidation in this salivary gland.
Nutrients, Antinutrients, Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Common Bean Cultivars and their Potential for Food Applications
Authors: Carbas Bruna , Machado Nelson , Oppolzer David , Ferreira Luís , Queiroz Marcelo , Brites Carla , Rosa Eduardo AS , Barros Ana IRNA
Published: February 2020

Phaseolus vulgaris L. is the most commonly consumed legume in the world, given its high vegetable protein content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant properties. It also represents one of the most sustainable, low-carbon and sources of food available at present to man. This study aims to identify the nutrients, antinutrients, phenolic composition, and antioxidant profile of 10 common bean cultivars (Arikara yellow, butter, cranberry, red kidney, navy, pinto, black, brown eyed, pink eyed, and tarrestre) from two harvest years, thereby assessing the potential of each cultivar for specific applications in the food industry. Navy and pink eyed beans showed higher potential for enrichment of foodstuffs and gluten-free products due to their higher protein and amino acid contents. Additionally, red kidney, cranberry and Arikara yellow beans had the highest content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties, which can act as functional ingredients in food products, thus bringing health benefits. Our study highlights the potential of using specific bean cultivars in the development of nutrient-enriched food and as functional ingredients in diets designed for disease prevention and treatment.
Experimental Study of Slamming Effects on Wedge and Cylindrical Surfaces
Authors: Seo Byoungcheon , Shin Hyunkyoung
Published: February 2020

Slamming is a very significant phenomenon that occurs in marine structures operating under extreme conditions. Slamming significantly reduces the design life of floating offshore wind turbines, as well as marine structures, and causes structural damage. Thus, the slamming load should be considered sufficiently during the design phase of the structure, and the results of experiments of good quality should be incorporated. The phenomenon of slamming should be analyzed using peak pressure, width, duration, and dynamic loads that depend on the design and natural frequency of the structure. In the case of a slamming experiment, the deadrise angle shows the greatest pressure between 3° to 10°. In this study, pressure values were compared using a model with a deadrise angle of 10° and a cylinder model most commonly used for the fabrication and installation of offshore structures. The peak pressure of the cylindrical model is greater than those of the flat model and the wedge model with a 10° deadrise angle. Pressure and strain were measured using free drops from heights of 1.0 and 1.7 m from the water surface, and the elastic effects were studied accordingly. Also, the peak pressure due to a slamming impact occurs several times depending on the natural frequency of the structure. In order to understand the behavior of the structure against the elastic effect, the second peak in the experimental results was theoretically and experimentally analyzed. The second pressure peak is greater than the first pressure peak due to the elastic behavior effects based on the natural frequency of models used in the slamming test. Also, a single slamming results in several peak pressures and it greatly deteriorates the fatigue strength. Experiments and simulations were carried out to derive the effects of repeated slamming loads on the structure. In the structural design considering the slamming loads, information on the elastic effect of the structure and accumulated loads is very important. This can be an important variable in the design of the floater and can play an important role in assessing the impact on the floater. These results raise questions as to the extent that slamming pressures are replaced with equivalent hydrostatic pressures in most design rules of the recognized certification society.