bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of scapular upward rotation exercises on scapular neuromuscular tenderness in subjects with depressed scapular alignment
Authors: Al-Afify Doha H. , Kamel Ragia , Shalaby Amr S.
Published: March 2022

Among the numerous scapular mal-alignments, scapular downward rotation (SDR) presents with depression, abduction and scapular tilt, attributed to upper trapezius elongation and levator scapulae stiffness, which consequently impacts scapular upward rotation. Scapular upward rotation exercise (SURE) that increase scapular upward rotators’ strength and stretch scapular downward rotator, provide the SDR patient with optimum muscle conditions in terms length and strength. This study was carried out to investigate the impact of upward rotation exercises on scapular muscles tenderness in subjects with scapular downward rotation alignment. Setting the p value at p < 0.001, the six weeks of intervention significantly improved pressure pain threshold (PPT) post-treatment of median, ulnar, radial nerves, upper trapezius, and upper and lower cervical facet joints (C2/C3 and C5/C6 zygapophyseal joints) compared to those of pre-treatment, with a percent of increase  of 81.85%, 93.38%, 92.68%, 87.54%, 76.32% and 69.66 % respectively. These results suggest that scapular upward rotation exercises regain optimal scapular function and posture that reduces neuromuscular tenderness in subjects with SDR.
Supporting people with depressive and anxiety disorders
Authors: Ossai Osita Victor , Eseadi Chiedu
Published: March 2022

There has been an adverse impact of COVID-19 on public mental health, which has led to psychiatric crises and negatively impacted most aspects of everyday life. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread anxiety and depression in the general population. There have been many factors contributing to public anxiety, including uncertainty as to how the disease develops or spreads, patients' immunity, and short supply of vaccines to combat the disease. Consequently, the purpose of the study is to examine how faith-based organizations and faith-based mental health interventions might assist those suffering from depression and anxiety disorders due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Literature suggests that faith-based approaches to mental intervention can be very beneficial to both individuals and organizations currently grappling with how to deal with the current COVID-19 pandemic. Faith-based counseling, mindfulness therapy, therapeutic prayer, mediation, sacred texts, rituals, and forgiveness are some examples of such approaches. The potential for faith-based organizations and faith-based mental health interventions to serve as health-care catalysts and enhance mental health by helping those suffering from depression and anxiety associated with COVID-19 appears high.
Surface functionalization of nano graphene oxide by amino acid
Authors: Radey Hawraa Hameed , Naijm Safaa Sabri
Published: March 2022

In this study, nano graphene oxide (NGO) was synthesized by modified Hummer's method, the functionalization surface of nano  graphene oxide (NGO) by amino acid (methionine, cysteine) by covalent functionalization of NGO with amino acid group using microwave 20% power (140 W) and characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM). The calculated particle size of prepared compounds GO, GOM, and GOC is dependent on the pattern X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), XRD using (Debye – Scherer) and (Williamson – Hall) equation GO (16 nm), GOM (16.83nm), and GOC (19.nm). The FESEM exhibited for graphene oxide surface has many layers of light grey and has kinked regions and wrinkled edges, while re-stacked layers are light colored. The surfaces of GOM and GOC have sharp edges, crumpled and rippled.
Causes of primary cesarean section in Abo Ghraib general hospital
Authors: Alwan Buthaina Ahmed , Nassar Nadia Fadhil , Sabti Sahar Abdul Baqi
Published: March 2022

Aim of the study:  To evaluate the causes of primary cesarean section in Abu Ghraib general hospital with the intention to reduce cesarean section rate. Patients and methods: A descriptive study done prospectively in Abo Ghraib general hospital in Baghdad, Iraq during the period from first of January till 30th of June 2021, there were 2799 of deliveries (beyond 28 weeks of gestation), 466 of them delivered by cesarean section. The study included all cesarean sections that collected from labor ward, general and private sector. Results: The most common primary Cs (57.4%) was found in age group between (21-30) years old, then (31.4%)) in age ?20 years, (9.9 %) in age between (31-40) years, and only (1.3%) in group of age >40 years. the most common indication was fetal distress in 65 (29.1%), then FTP in 57 (25.6%), then malpresentation in 27 (12.1%) and the least cause was preeclampsia and rupture uterus in 4 (1.8 %) for each cause. Conclusion: The most common causes of primary cesarean section in Abo Ghraib general hospital was fetal distress this may be due to low hospital resources.
Sistema de reconocimiento facial de control de entrada y salida de empleados
Authors: Allen Ramirez Yelsy Jiany , Tucker Knight Lorvick Kayton , Mckensy Sambola Dexon
Published: March 2022

El reconocimiento facial se ha convertido en el método de identificación institucional más preciso en comparación con otros sistemas biométricos; implica un proceso de algoritmo automático que verifica y reconoce la identidad de la persona en función de sus características faciales. Consiste en mejorar la seguridad, control de datos y la regulación institucional. El propósito del proyecto fue desarrollar un sistema de reconocimiento facial capaz de controlar y registrar la Entrada/Salida (E/S) de los empleados de la Bluefields Indian & Caribbean University (BICU). Está basado en un enfoque cualitativo en el que se define el cumplimiento de las funcionalidades operativas del sistema y se realizó un caso de estudio para evaluar el cumplimiento de los objetivos. Se incorporó la librería OpenCV para el reconocimiento facial con la función LBPH; y Python, como la fuente de lenguaje de programación, utilizando el modelo de prototipo. El producto resultante fue un sistema de reconocimiento facial, basada en aprendizaje automático, capaz de registrar las E/S de los empleados de la universidad BICU, donde cada empleado registrado en el sistema es identificado por los rasgos faciales.
Perancangan Sistem Alat Kontrol Lampu menggunakan Perintah SMS dengan Modul GSM SIM 800l berbasis Metode Arduino
Authors: Pandiangan Dosman Tonggotua
Published: March 2022

Pemanfaatan teknologi untuk menjalankan fungsi peralatan dalam rumah tangga saat ini sudah banyak digunkaan dengan berbagai inovasinya. Salah satunya mikrokontroler seperti Arduino, ARMcortex-M0 yaitu board berbasis mikrokontroler  pada ATMega 328. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas pemanfaatan mikrokontroler dengan perintah short message untuk mengoperasikan saklar lampu. Ide penelitian ini dengan mengobservasi kebiasaan masyarakat dalam mengoperasikan saklar lampu pada waktu-waktu yang tidak tepat seperti lupa atau sedang bepergian. Mengkolaborasikan Arduino Uno dan GSM Sim800l sebagai penghubung antara perangkat dan handphone melalui sms akan bekerja berdasarkan perintah yang diberikan melalui perintah sms, module GSM Sim800l digunakan sebagai alat perintah sms yang diterima dari android dalam kendali alat mematikan dan menghidupkan lampu. Agar Module GSM Sim800l dalam Arduino uno dapat memberikan suatu instruksi untuk mengontrol lampu dari jarak jauh, Module GSM Sim800l atau pun Arduino uno tersebut memerlukan sebuah program yang di input kedalam Arduino uno R3 dalam aplikasi arduino uno, biasanya program dibuat dengan menggunakan bahasa Bahasa C. Dengan menggunakan program arduino dengan command “void”, maka pemograman mendapatkan banyak kemudahan  dalam mengatur sistem kerja dari Arduino uno R3 atau arduino uno.
Penerapan Algoritma C5.0 dalam Memprediksi Persediaan Buah pada UD. Bunda Syafira Buah
Authors: Ella Sari Rindya , Solikhun  , Rizky Fitri
Published: March 2022

Dalam suatu kegiatan pengelolaan usaha, pengusaha memiliki bahan sebagai acuan untuk pelaksanaan pengelolaan usaha dan menjadi standar suatu usaha, meliputi : Barang yang tersedia / Stok Barang, Harga, dan Penjualan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk pengendalian persediaan barang agar tidak terjadi kesalahan yang dapat mengakibatkan kerugian bagi perusahaan . Pada penelitian ini menggunakan DataMining dengan metode Algoritma C5.0 untuk memprediksi persediaan buah pada UD.Bunda Syafira Buah dengan pengolahan data menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi sebuah analisis yang dapat diimplementasikan dengan baik oleh perusahaan dalam menentukan persediaan buah
Empirical Study of the Structure of Future Police Specialists’ Professional Self-Awareness
Authors: Pavliuk Olena H. , Guba Natalya O. , Gorban Galyna O. , Fomenko Andrii Ye. , Sinielnik Ruslan V.
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the issue of effective training for crime prevention and detection among Ukrainian police officers. Notably, it requires professional knowledge and skills to be developed at a certain level, which means the need for high professional development and a certain level of self-awareness. Thus, training, retraining, and morale of the future specialist are some of the determinatives for the successful completion of the missions that police encounter. Special features of the professional identity of the future police specialist have not been defined and structured yet. The purpose of this study is to highlight the empirical study on professional self-awareness findings, which cover its content and structure, as well as to analyse the authorial model of content and structural components of professional self-awareness among future police professionals that was developed for studies in higher educational institutions. The study analysed the problem of future police officers’ professional identity and devotion to the organisation. The main research methods included the methods of S. Schwartz’s theory of basic human values; methods of R. Cattell’s 16 personality factor model; methods A. Rean and V. Yakunin’s diagnostics of the motives of students’ learning in modification of N. Badmaeva; methods of V. Stephenson’s “Q-sorting” in diagnosing the main trends of behaviour in a real group and ideas about themselves; A. Zverkova and E. Eidman’s test of volitional self-control; R. Schwarzer and M. Jerusalem’s scales of general self-efficacy; methods of N. Hall’s emotional intelligence diagnostics, analysis of the collected data. As a result, during the period of professional training in accordance with the programme methodology established by the authors, future police officers of the control sample developed such personal and social qualities as work capacity, proactivity, respect for social norms and adherence to them.
Being Optimistic About Inclusion: Biden’s Rhetorical Strategy of Positive Self-Presentation Reflected in Teacher Training Policy
Authors: Tkhir Markiyan , Sydoriv Sergiy
Published: March 2022

This paper reveals how Joseph Biden creates an image of a president-optimist through rhetorical strategy of positive self-presentation by using language effectively in his inaugural speech. The strategy is realized by two tactics – positive representation of compatriots and forecasting good future for the USA. Aimed at evoking in the audience optimistic thoughts and moods, these tactics ensure appropriate use of rhetorical devices. In the tactics of positive representation of compatriots presupposing describing American citizens in a good light, Biden employs predominantly hyperboles (4 occurrences), metaphors (5 occurrences) and repetitions (12 occurrences). The tactics of forecasting good future for the USA consisting in describing positive experiences, wellbeing and prosperity in the future is realized by repetitions (29 occurrences), antitheses (27 occurrences) and metaphors (11 occurrences). Drawing on the rhetorical devices in the analyzed texts it is revealed the tactics of discrediting the opponents, the tactics of demonstrating power and others which obviously contribute to other strategies. This research demonstrates that Biden is likely to present himself positively in an attempt of maintaining power and support. The paper also discusses electoral promises and steps made by Biden’s administration to improve the quality of education based on the principles of equity, diversity, and inclusion. It is established that growing investment in education is vital and teacher development should receive special attention on organizing a safe inclusive learning environment.
Transformation of Value Orientations of Higher Education Applicants in Ukraine
Authors: Lokarieva Halyna , Chorna Hanna
Published: March 2022

The relevance of the study stems from the role of higher education institutions in shaping the national values among students of pedagogical specialities (educators, future teachers, social workers). The purpose of this study is to investigate the transformation of value orientations of Ukrainian students in the process of developing a democratic society. The study compared data from two age groups (55-60 years old; 18-28 years old). The study used a conversation that involved closed and open-ended questions. The results of the survey were analysed using the cross-sectional method, and directions for further work with the data were drawn up. The anamnesis of the responses is presented in the tables. The empirical study identified the main value orientations among students of pedagogical higher education institutions of the past and present time; investigated the hierarchy of youth values of the 80s, 90s and 2021; compared the transformation processes and formulated the main reasons for their changes in the Soviet period and in the period of independent Ukraine; determined the "brand" phenomenon of modern youth of pedagogical specialties, analysed the way self-development and self-realisation becomes a paramount value of personal orientations among young students. The materials of the study are of practical significance for the process of forming value orientations in higher education institutions. It is necessary to shape system of values among students (future teachers) as they will transmit this knowledge to the younger generation in educational institutions of different levels.
ANALISIS BAHASA LISAN DALAM PELAYANAN SURAT MENYURAT KAPAL DI KANTOR KESYAHBANDARAN DAN OTORITAS PELABUHAN K.S.O.P (KELAS 1) BANJARMASIN
Authors: Desy Hidayati , Rosaria Santi Irnita
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini sebagai Kaidah bahasa sebenarnya tidak semata berurusan dengan usaha menggambarkan lisan ke bentuk tulisan. Dalam konteks pembicaraan ini, baik kita katakan bahwa ejaan adalah sebuah ikhtiar merekam bahasa lisan sepersis mungkin ke bentuk tulisan dan kemudian menatanya sedemikian rupa demi mendapatkan kualitas komunikasi yang efektif, sehingga sangat berpengaruh pada pelayanan. Pelayanan pada dasarnya dapat didefinisikan sebagai aktifitas seseorang, sekelompok atau organisasi baik langsung maupun tidak langsung untuk memenuhi kebutuhan. Tujuan pada penelitian ini Mengetahui  penggunaan bahasa lisan dalam pelayanan surat menyurat kapal menyurat di Kantor Kesyahbandaran dan Otoritas Pelabuhan K.S.O.P (Kelas 1)  Banjarmasin, dan Mendeskripsikan penggunaan bahasa lisan dalam pelayanan surat menyurat kapal menyurat di Kantor Kesyahbandaran dan Otoritas Pelabuhan K.S.O.P (Kelas 1)  Banjarmasin.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif,  yaitu data yang dikumpulkan berbentuk kata-kata, gambar, bukan angka-angka. Penelitian kualitatif adalah prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang dan perilaku yang diamati Moleong, (3:2000) Teknik pengumpulan data menurut Arikunto adalah cara-cara yang dapat digunakan oleh peneliti untuk mengumpulkan data, di mana cara tersebut menunjukan pada suatu yang abstrak, tidak dapat di wujudkan dalam benda yang kasat mata, tetapi dapat dipertontonkan penggunaannya.

Hasil pembahasan Pelayanan surat menyurat untuk calon penumpang sebagai salah satu kegiatan yang terfokuskan pada penggunaan bahas lisan saat mengurus berkas administrasi tersebut. Pada bahasa lisan sesuai faktor waktu maka bahasa lisan sangat baik dalam  penggunaan Bahasa resmi dalam pelayanan surat menyurat, adapun bahasa resmi menyesuaikan waktu pada pelayanan sehingga di jam istirahat bisa saja menggunakan bahasa resmi lisan dan tidak lisan. Bahasa ,lisan yang digunakan pun sesuai pada dialog dari calon penumpang yang memerlukan syarat sebagai surat-menyurat tersebut.Pada ragam bahasa resmi pafa faktor waktu sebagai salah satu bahasa resmi saat bekerja, bukan hanya untuk pelayanan namun juga untuk menyakinkan bahwa bahasa resmi Indonesia sebagai salah satu Bahasa persatuan dengan banyaknya kegiatan saat dialog lisan dituturkan, salah satunya pada saat diskusi bidang rapat, penyuluhan, seta pelayanan bidang surat-menyurat di K.S.O.P Tersebut.
Нарушения пищевого поведения у детей в контексте эмоционального отношения матерей
Authors: Авдулова Татьяна , Недашковская Виктория
Published: March 2022

Представлены данные эмпирического исследования взаимосвязей между нарушениями пищевого поведения у детей дошкольного возраста и материнской позицией в эмоциональном взаимодействии с ребенком. Анализируются два базовых варианта нарушений пищевого поведения: эмоциональное переедание и эмоциональное недоедание. Представлена взаимосвязь негативных характеристик эмоционального отношения матерей и развитие у детей эмоционального переедания и зависимости от еды. Показано отсутствие взаимосвязи с материнским фактором эмоционального недоедания и избирательности в еде.
Implementasi Teknik Binary Search Tree Pada Pencarian Data Penduduk
Authors: Malau Emerson , Sirait Hendra P
Published: March 2022

Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini berkembang semakin maju termasuk dalam pencarian data. Pencarian (searching) merupakan pekerjaan yang sering kita lakukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dalam text editor, kita sering melakukan pekerjaan mencari kata, atau mencari kata 1 dan menggantikannya dengan kata 2. Sibolangit merupakan salah satu kecamatan yang berada di Kabupaten Deli Serdang, peningkatan jumlah penduduk yang terjadi tiap tahunnya membuat jumlah data penduduk yang harus diolah oleh pihak terkait juga semakin besar. Penggunaan teknologi komputer pada pengelolan dan pengolahan data merupakan suatu kebutuhan atau pilihan yang bisa diambil demi efisiensi dan ketepatan hasil yang bisa diperoleh.
PERSEPSI KARYAWAN TERHADAP WFH DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Adlia Yuannisa Rizka
Published: March 2022

Dalam upaya mencegah penyebaran COVID 19 secara cepat, pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). Sebagai tindak lanjut dari kebijakan PSBB, beberapa perusahaan menerapkan kebijakan Work from Home (WFH). kinerja yang di tetapkan tercapai atau tidak dalam bekerja dari rumah ini. Karena menurut penelitian terdahulu masih ada tanggapan WFH sama dengan cuti karena tidak menyelesaikan pekerjaan sesuai standar oprasional dan kinerja nya rendah karena waktu yang ada tidak di pergunakan sebagaimana mestinya. Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah di atas, maka penelitian ini di maksudkan untuk melihat bagaimana persepsi karywan terhadap WFH dan implikasinya terhadap kinerja pada di Dinas Perindustrian Dan Perdagangan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti dapat di jelaskan bahwasan nya wfh atau work from home berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai secara signifikan. Penerapan work from home membuat konsep kerja secara merangkap. Pegawai tidak terlalu merasakan kebebasan dalam aktivitas kerja dari rumah. Penerepan work from home memeiliki efektivitas yang rendah. Jika efektivitas pegawai kurang maka hasil kinerja juga akan berkurang.
ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP PENGUNJUNG PERPUSTAKAAN BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG
Authors: Sari Novita , Syahbudi Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kualitas pelayanan terhadap pengunjung perpustakaan Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap pengunjung perpustakaan BPS Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara membagikan quisioner terhadap informan sesuai dengan permasalahan yang diteliti dengan memberikan pernyataan kepada responden. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif kuantitatif, dimana metode penelitian ini menggunakan alat koefisien determinasi dengan menggunakan SPSS For windows. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara nilai R-square yang besarnya 2,619 menunjukkan bahwa proporsi pengaruh variabel kualitas pelayanan  (X) terhadap pengunjung perpustakaan (Y) Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaetn Deli Serdang sebesar 2,619% . artinya variabel kualitas pelayanan (X). artinya variabel kualitas pelayanan (X) memiliki pengaruh sebesar 2,619%. Sedangkan sisanya (2,619% - 100%) dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti.
QO‘QON ETNOMADANIYATINING BOSHQA HUDUDLAR BILAN MUSIQIY ALOQALARI
Authors: Muminov Lochinbek
Published: March 2022

Maqolada davlatimiz tomonidan milliy cholg‘ularimizga e’tibor, maqomlarimizga doir qaror va islohotlar, shu bilan birga V-VIII asrlarga taaluqli bo‘lgan hozirgi qo‘shnay va bulamonlarini eslatuvchi cholg‘ular va ularning bugungi kundagi ko‘rinishi haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Bundan tashqari Qo‘qonda yetishib chiqqan buyuk sozandalar va ularning milliy san’atimizni bizgacha yetib kelishida qo‘shgan hissalari, qo‘shnay cholg‘usining qay tariqa Farg‘onadan Xorazmga kirib borishi bu cholg‘ularning hozirgi kundagi qo‘llanilishi va targ‘iboti bayon qilinadi.
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ ПОДГОТОВКА СТУДЕНТОВ ФАКУЛЬТЕТА ДОШКОЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ К МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОМУ РАЗВИТИЮ ДЕТЕЙ
Authors: Викторовна Пак Светлана
Published: March 2022

В статье обосновывается необходимость профессиональной подготовки студентов факультета дошкольной педагогики к математическому развитию детей. Затронуты ряд противоречий, существующих в практике подготовки студентов к математическому развитию детей в педагогических вузах: осуществление дифференцированного математического развития детей, и недостаточным уровнем готовности части воспитателей к решению этой проблемы; между традиционной системой преподавания психологии, педагогики и методики математического развития в отрыве друг от друга и тенденцией к интеграции названных дисциплин.
O‘ZBEKISTONNING XALQARO MADANIY, IJTIMOIY-IQTISODIY MUNOSABATLARI
Authors:   Kokand University, Mulaydinov Farxod
Published: March 2022

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistoning itimoiy-iqtisodiy yuksalishi, turli soxalardagi o‘zgarishlar, kelgusi yildagi rejalar, oldinga ko‘yilgan maqsadlar, O‘zbekistonning xalqaro madaniy aloqalari, yangilangan ustuvor yo‘nalishlar, zamonaviy jaxon iqtisodiyoti va raqamli iqtisodiyotga bog‘lanishi aks etirilgan.
THE ROLE OF STATE DOERS OF UZBEKISTAN AND KARAKALPAKSTAN IN THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE OF THE SOCIETY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Ibragimov B.
Published: March 2022

The socio-political situation after the Second World War is well conveyed in the memoirs of Nuriddin Mukhitdinov: “Astronomical figures measured material losses, people’s exhaustion from malnutrition, difficult living conditions, housing, communal conditions, long and exorbitant physical and mental stress affected. It was difficult to measure the enormous damage in the moral condition.
ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ТОРГОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ РОССИИ В СРЕДНЕЙ АЗИИ В КОНЦЕ XIX – НАЧАЛО XX ВЕКОВ
Authors: Bahranov Sh.
Published: March 2022

Данная статья посвящена торгово-экономическим отношениям Туркестанского края с Россией в конце XIX – начале XX в.в., Образование Туркестанского генерал-губернаторства совпадает с периодом дальнейшего, довольно интенсивного развития промышленности пореформенной России, особенно текстильной.
NATIONAL HANDICRAFTS OF UZBEKISTAN IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
Authors: Azimova Dilobarkhon
Published: March 2022

The following article reveals more detailed information about the development and spreading of national crafting in Uzbekistan and in the world culture. Furthermore, it investigates the types of crafting and emphasizes the importance of it in Uzbek culture.
NASCENCY, NEGATIVE IMPACT AND DEVOLEPMENT OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOR ON THE CHILD IN THE PSYCHE UNDER THE INFLUENCE IN THE FAMILY
Authors: Khamidullayev Fakhriddin , Yunusov Aliakbar
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the emergence of deviant behavior among school-age students and their negative impact on the psyche. family-marriage relations, preparation of young people for family life, national identity of Uzbek families, their conflicts and significant causes, divorces and their negative consequences.
TA’LIM – O‘ZBEKISTONNI UCHINCHI RENESANS SARI HARAKATLANTIRUVCHI MUHIM OMIL
Authors: To‘xtasinova Munira
Published: March 2022

Ushbu maqolada uchinchi renesans davrida O‘zbekistonda ta’lim va uning rivoji yo‘lida amalga oshiilayotgan izlanishlar, xususan, xalqaro tadqiqot dasturlari va ularning ta’lim sohasining rivojlanishidagi ahamiyati haqida so‘z boradi.
Unfair Commercial Practices Directive – Taking the Pressure Out of Selling!
Authors: Nahon Louise
Published: March 2022

The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive banning pressure selling and misleading marketing came into force on 11 June 2005 and is to be transposed into law by Member States, including the UK by 12 June 2007, with such laws coming into force by 12 December 2007. This article outlines the Directive's objectives and implementation in the UK; looks at the main provisions, with particular attention to misleading and aggressive practices; examines maximum harmonisation/impact on existing legislation; and draws conclusions relating to, inter alia, procedural enforcement where there is no real harm to the consumer.
Due Diligence: Worth a Look?
Authors: Parr Chris
Published: March 2022

With mergers and acquisitions activity is prominent in the business world and ??due diligence?? is a vital aspect of that activity. But what is ??due diligence?? and what is its relevance and impact on merger and acquisition deals?

The author discusses the potential ??battleground?? of due diligence, highlights its importance and value and provides potential business buyers and sellers with examples and areas consider, which may be helpful in future business deals.
Territory Reduction, Repudiation and the Commercial Agents’ Regulations
Authors: Sidkin Stephen
Published: March 2022

Certain provisions in an agency agreement, such as an ability by the principal to reduce the territory or market covered by an agent, arguably have the effect of eroding the value of the agency. This article considers the recent case of Vick v Vogle-Gapes [2006] EWHC 1579 (QB) and the extent to which such behaviour by the principal is constrained by the Commercial Agents (Council Directive) Regulations 1993 (“the Regulations”), with particular regard to the mandatory compensation provisions and the obligation on the principal to act in good faith. The case shows an inclination in the English courts to construe the Regulations and the concept of good faith in accordance with a common law analysis of repudiatory breach.
Beyond the Pitfalls of Bad Contract Drafting Practices: A Selection of Cross-border Legal and Cultural Misunderstandings
Authors: Dawson Frank Griffith , Styllis Stella
Published: March 2022

The preparation of e.ective cross-border contracts in English by common and civil law drafters can be undermined by faulty traditional English drafting practices. They encourage ambiguity, vagueness, verbosity, over-use of the passive voice, jargon, legalese and other impediments to understanding. Even if such practices are avoided, however, diferences between the common and civil law cultures may still throw up barriers to constructive cross-border communication.

The authors, who are experienced practitioners as well as trainers in legal drafting and related skills, highlight some of these barriers. They begin by contrasting the length of contracts in the two systems and explore the reasons for some startling divergences. They then proceed to examine troublesome expressions and concepts such as representations and warranties, terms and conditions, liquidated damages, good faith, false friends and consideration.

The conclusion deals briefly with attempts to harmonize contract law in the EC and comments upon the possible impact of harmonisation on contract drafting practice.
Lonsdale v Howard & Hallam Limited: The House of Lords Sets Out the Basis of Compensation to be Paid to Commercial Agents
Authors: Green David Allen , Sidkin Stephen
Published: March 2022

The House of Lords in Lonsdale v Howard & Hallam Limited has confirmed that on termination of a commercial agency agreement the agent’s statutory entitlement is, unless the parties have agreed an indemnity, to compensation reflecting the value of the goodwill of the agent’s business as at termination. In doing so, the House of Lords has rejected the approach, based on apparent French practice, of a payment based on two years’ net commission. Commercial principals will now have to factor in the value of the goodwill of their commercial agent’s business when the relationship is terminated.
Economic Torts: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Lewis Rupert
Published: March 2022

Following the decisions in OBG Ltd & Ors v Allan & Ors [2007] UKHL 21, Meretz Investments NV & Anor v ACP Limited & Ors [2007] EWCA Civ 1303 and Total Network SL v HMRC [2008] UKHL 19, the main economic torts are now: procuring a breach of contract; causing loss by unlawful means; and conspiracy (lawful means and unlawful means). It is also probable that the tort of intimidation continues to exist as a separate tort in situations involving two parties, although none of the above decisions expressly answered this question.

The first part of this two–part article sought to simplify the key findings in those cases. This second part provides an overview of the new landscape for economic torts and identifies some areas which are likely to see further developments in the future.
Rescuing Failure or Failing to Rescue: Which is the Better Consequence?
Authors: Yeoh Peter
Published: March 2022

This article looks at the origins and future of the US Federal National Mortgage Association and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, previously believed to be probably as safe as US treasuries given both their previous ties with the State, and how their activities have come to haunt the US economy; the UK capital market, with serious erosion of market capitalisation; and the global financial system.
Image Rights and Privacy Law – A Summary of the UK Position
Authors: Keenan Rachel
Published: March 2022

This article looks at privacy law in the US, Germany and France before providing a summary of the case law which suggests the emergence of a privacy law in the UK through the expanded and developed areas of law such as breach of confidence, data protection and human rights in order to offer individuals some form of protection over private aspects of their lives where specific privacy legislation has not done so.
New Developments in Casino Gaming Business: Singapore’s Approach to Responsible Gambling
Authors: Swee Kian Catherine Tay
Published: March 2022

Gambling is ancient leisure pursuit. In Asia, the practice of casino gaming is spreading in recent years. Now, even the idea of a casino in the sky is becoming a reality as passenger aeroplanes become fully fitted casinos.

Casual, recreational gambling can become a compulsive and pathological activity. Gambling addicts live a chaotic life, using an average of 25 credit cards by the time they declare bankruptcy. Their families are disrupted, with many members developing stress-related health problems. The social problems that accompany compulsive gambling include loss of time and productivity in the workplace, theft and embezzlement.

This article looks at how Singaporean legislation has introduced new measures not only to deal with the law and order aspects of casino operations but also to contain social problems by imposing corporate social responsibility on casino operators.
The Turner Review: A Verbose Attempt at Curbing the Cycle
Authors: Chambers-Jones Clare
Published: March 2022

This article explores the 28 recommendations posed by the Turner Review to ensure that the current economic crisis does not occur again. It sets them within the context of the debate on economic procyclicality, noting that, in economic history, financial crises are the main method of promulgating financial regulation and, furthermore, that economic history is shaped by the economic ‘boom and bust’ of the procyclicality of industry. The Review is largely criticized by the author because of manner in which it aims to curb the economic cycle and, in turn, capitalism. This paper then explores the FSA Discussion Paper 09/2 which was published on the same day as the Turner Review and is to be read in conjunction with the Review. It deals with the ‘Regulatory Response to the Global Banking Crisis’. Finally the author evaluates reaction to the Review.
Litigants and Fair Trial: Harsh Messages in Appropriate Cases
Authors: Corrie John
Published: March 2022

This article examines the case of Cherney v. Deripaska as an example of the court using the tools available to it to find that a claimant might not receive justice in the natural forum.
Key Features and Implications of the Financial Services Act 2010
Authors: Yeoh Peter
Published: March 2022

Despite then fact that the new UK Coalition Government has announced its intention to dismantle the Financial Services Authority (FSA) the Financial Services Act 2010 is important in that it expands the current four objectives of the FSA; makes amendments to the Banking Act 2009; creates an extension of the Financial Services Compensation Scheme; and makes an enhancement to the Treasury and FSA powers. The significance and implications of these various new provisions are addressed in this paper.
Fighting Cybersquatting: Nominet Disputes Resolution Service Policy
Authors: Ghazaleh Shereen Abu
Published: March 2022

In the UK cybersquatting can be challenged through litigation under either the Trade Marks Act 1994 or passing-off law. Litigation is expensive and time-consuming but, if it succeeds, there are damages awarded and attorney fees are paid according to certain circumstances. Another way to claim against the abusive registration of domain names is through the UK’s domain name registration authority’s Dispute Resolution Service. This article describes the service and assesses its strengths and weaknesses.
Evolutionary rather than Revolutionary: The Equality Act 2010
Authors: Doherty Michael
Published: March 2022

This article explains the impact of the more important of the 90% of the Equality Act 2010, which came into force on 1 October 2010, as well those provisions as yet not implemented.
Corporate Criminal Liability for Manslaughter: The Evolving Approach of the Prosecuting Authorities and Courts in England and Wales
Authors: Jones Lucy , Field Sarah
Published: March 2022

Recent years have seen the enactment of new legislation governing corporate liability for death caused by gross negligence through business activities. The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 has been heralded as an important development in corporate criminal liability. Our research examines the potential impact of the Act, upon companies and their directors in the UK. The paper considers recent cases where there has been a fatality in the workplace due to gross negligence of the management, and examines the evolving approach of the prosecuting authorities and courts. From our investigations it would appear that the potential net of corporate criminal liability has now been spread further. If prosecutions are successful, large corporations may face severe fines; however it is small companies and their directors that will usually bear the burden of increased penalties for corporate failure.
Financial Complaints Data  Needles in Haystacks?
Authors: Cheriyan Ron
Published: March 2022

This article analyses the complaints data published by three leading banks and asks whether such data is sufficiently accessible for consumers to review and understand the data received. Are consumers required to calculate this amount for themselves?
Hung Out to Dry? Nylons Fight with Barclays
Authors: Cheriyan Ron
Published: March 2022

This article examines the dispute in Barclays Bank plc v Nylon Capital LLP [2011] EWCA Civ 826 at the end of which the Court of Appeal, despite the parties having settled out of court and expressed a desire for commercial privacy, decided to hand down its judgment containing a number of issues of some general significance.
Russian Arbitral Tribunals Deal with Disputes Related to Real Estate
Authors: Dmitriev Dmitry , Patrakeev Sergey
Published: March 2022

The Russian Constitutional Court has recently ruled on the question of capacity of an arbitral tribunal to consider disputes relating to immovable property, as the result of a dispute may be the transfer of rights to such property which is subject to state registration. The ruling opens the possibility that arbitral tribunals may resolve corporate disputes.
Half the Bank, Half the Risk, Part 1: The United States
Authors: Hillman Henry
Published: March 2022

This two-part article assesses the 2007/08 financial crisis: explaining how a speculative bubble began, grew and eventually burst; comparing it to the Great Crash of 1929; and assessing the possibility and practicality of a split between commercial and investment banking activities being enacted either in the US or the UK, with consideration for the global nature of modern banking. This first part of the article examines the development of the bubble and responses to the crisis in the US.
Social Entrepreneurship: Social Enterprise Governance
Authors: Yeoh Peter
Published: March 2022

Social ventures/enterprises, the product of social entrepreneurship, may exist in different legal forms and are different from conventional commercial ventures in terms of purpose. However, where governance practices are concerned they are just as important to these social ventures as they are for pure commercial ventures and in advanced and emerging economies, especially when suitably adapted. This article, using mainly secondary data and complemented by relevant case studies, explains how and why governance matters in social enterprises and will additionally critically examine current practices in the UK.
A Comparative Study of Provisions of Air Carriers Liability in Aviation Law
Authors: Al-otean Omar
Published: March 2022

This paper deals with the liability of transporters under aviation aaw and explores the main disputes and lawsuits that may appear before the courts. Therefore, this paper has been divided into three sections. The first section examines when air transportation can be considered as international, civil, commercial, or domestic contracts, while the second section deals with the legal responsibility of transporters under Jordanian, American, and French legislation, and explores contractual liability in this regard. Finally, the third section of this paper addresses the issue of tort liability in the case of civil aviation, and determines the main points and recommendations that should be taken into account.
Consumer Product Recalls: The United States Experience and Some International Implications
Authors: Fox Mark , Kenagy Robert T.
Published: March 2022

Much of the legal literature on consumer products focuses on product safety and product liability issues, rather than on the mechanics of the product recall process itself. This paper redresses this shortcoming by examining the product recall processes in both the United States and, by way of contrast, the European Union. We observe the ways in which these recall processes are substantially similar and provide practical observations as to why multinational companies should look at recalls from the perspective of preserving their global reputation. Finally, we offer some suggestions to improve the recall process and better protect consumers.
Pension Auto-Enrolment: Dealing with Complex Legislation for a Temporary Workforce
Authors: Mitchell Mark
Published: March 2022

This article gives advice based on a recent summit on pension reform held by Meridian Business Support. One of the key messages of the panel discussion was that businesses must plan ahead in order to deal with the pending changes.
Identifying the Trans-National Enterprise for Tax and Other Purposes: An Economic Entity
Authors: Aljazy Ibrahim M. H. , Shabeeb Lina Abdallah Khalil
Published: March 2022

Since the first instances of establishing the notion of artificial legal personhood, the corporate form has been developing to the extent that it can claim rights that are closer in nature to individuals. In the past few decades, the simple national corporate form has grown in complexity and capital to unprecedented levels, where major TNEs are becoming more politically and economically influential, to the extent that a few large TNEs control assets and human resources more than the GDP and population of some large developing countries. Ironically, the larger TNE becomes the chances for holding it liable for the legal obligations of its members diminishes, regardless of whether these obligations are based on national or international laws.

Applying the 'economic entity' theory provides the chance for addressing the TNE as one entity that can assume responsibility within its economic boundaries; a personhood that goes beyond the legal separation of its national members to a different transnational level that corresponds to its special nature, but does not reach the international personhood level. This opens the door for the national and international liability of the TNE, and provides a suitable infrastructure for an equitable tax treatment thereof.
Risk Assessment: Whose Responsibility? Whose Risk? Is the Law Effective?
Authors: Barrett Brenda
Published: March 2022

This article considers whether organizations take great risks when, as a society, we have never been more risk conscious and risk averse in the context of occupational health and safety. It touches briefly on the liability to compensate victims of personal injury before reviewing the legislation on the identification of, and response to, risks. It investigates the role of the Health and Safety Executive; then considers who has responsibility for carrying out risk assessments and who is at risk when appropriate health and safety procedures are not maintained. Finally, it questions whether there is reason to believe that work-related injuries occur because of failure to control known risks.
Are Directors Getting Away with Manslaughter? Emerging Trends in Prosecutions for Corporate Manslaughter
Authors: Jones Lucy , Field Sarah
Published: March 2022

This paper examines each of the six concluded cases brought under the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 to date and queries: why so few cases have been brought to trial, despite workplace deaths remaining in excess of 145 per year; why all six companies have been small companies, and all received fines below the £ 500,000 threshold recommended by the Sentencing Guidelines Council; and, finally, why individual charges of manslaughter against directors were either not brought or abandoned.
Multinational Companies and the Allocation of Environmental Risk in International Investment Treaties
Authors: Dine Janet
Published: March 2022

The proliferation of multilateral and bilateral investment treaties is raising significant questions of international law and human rights law. This article examines two aspects of the emerging jurisprudence, the controversy over regulatory 'takings' and the expanding jurisdiction of international arbitrators and questions whether a proper understanding of the balance of risks involved is emerging. The representation of the risk as opposing the individual investor against the state conceals the reality of the likelihood that the 'individual investor' will be a multinational company and states are squeezed into more and more compromised situations as their policy space disappears. This is particularly true in environmental regulations as governments find that Bilateral Treaties have 'stabilization' clauses which freeze regulations in time stopping new scientific advances.
Has UK Design Law been Given a New Lease of Life?
Authors: Ward Michelle
Published: March 2022

This article welcomes important recent changes to registered design protection and examines their implications.
A Heightened Marketization Drive in the Pipeline: Will China's Seemingly Non-Statutory Policy Banks Continue to Survive?
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyang
Published: March 2022

The founding of China's policy banks as the government's policy finance providers happened some twenty years ago. Yet the legal position of these policy banks has not been ascertained legislatively up to the present time. Obviously incongruous with the doctrine of laissez-faire economics, Chinese policy banks still seem to be straddling two lanes, in the face of escalating competitive pressures descending from an increased market openness to private capital and foreign investment provoked in the new wave of reform and marketization that is presently traversing the country. This article analyses the original role played by China's policy banks and the raison d'etre behind the establishment and employment of such a special type of banking institutions in a historical perspective. It then explores the current dilemmas Chinese policy banks have to manage and the future challenges they may encounter and address. It attempts to delve into a viable answer to the long-sustained argument about whether these policy banks have really outlived their usefulness and where their way ahead ought to be at last, if any, from a realistically appropriate standpoint.
The New European Patent with Unitary Effect
Authors: Greaney Gerry
Published: March 2022

This article considers the new European Unified Patent and evaluates its effectiveness by comparing it to alternative patent options. It further assesses the expected impact on European and global business enterprise going forward. It evaluates where or not it is indeed the panacea for all EU wide innovation needs or, alternatively, is simply another tool in the kit of European politics, designed to widen national spheres of influence in the process of economic progress and development.
The Transposition and Efficacy of EU Rights: Indirect Effect and a Coming-of-Age of State Liability?
Authors: Marson James
Published: March 2022

Throughout the duration of the UK’s membership of the European Union (EU), non-implementation and incorrect transposition of Directives has been commonplace. Coupled with the Court of Justice of the European Union’s refusal to extend the direct effect of Directives to horizontal relationships, and historic difficulties in holding States liable in damages, it has often fallen to the national courts to give effect to EU laws through purposive statutory interpretation. Recent cases involving the collective redundancy of workers in the UK, and the High Court’s assessment of State Liability in the insurance sector (approved by the Court of Appeal), raise questions as to the efficacy of the current system of enforcement of EU law domestically. Despite the problems of access to EU rights experienced by workers in the UK, there appears to be hope that the judiciary is becoming more attuned to the relationship between EU and domestic laws, and are willing to take control of granting access to remedies without necessarily waiting for EU institutions to provide express permission or instruction. 2015 has thus far been a particularly important year in this regard. However, a systematic review of the UK’s transposition of EU law and the impact on individuals of the current suite of enforcement mechanisms is required if private enforcement of EU law is to provide the protection workers need and to which they are entitled.