bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desigualdade de gênero e medição judicial em divórcio
Authors: Cunha Larissa Fernanda Romão da
Published: November 2020

O estudo apresentado é fruto de uma pesquisa de caráter interdisciplinar, que busca enxergar o Direito e, principalmente, os métodos consensuais de solução de conflitos, sob lentes antropológicas e feministas. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa. A partir de uma perspectiva etnográfica, e da premissa de que a sociedade atual tem bases patriarcais, buscou-se investigar de que forma a desigualdade de gênero é absorvida em mediações/conciliações judiciais de divórcio que ocorrem no CEJUSC da Vergueiro. A hipótese a ser verificada no desenvolver da pesquisa era a de que, em função da desigualdade de gênero existente e da informalidade inerente aos meios de conciliação/mediação, estereótipos de gênero impactam nos resultados. Para tanto, buscou-se, inicialmente, estabelecer uma conexão entre a importância em se pensar os métodos consensuais de solução de conflitos, tendo em vista o recente e notável destaque do tema na legislação brasileira, sob uma perspectiva feminista, a fim de viabilizar uma busca por um acesso à justiça efetivo. Em seguida, por meio, principalmente, de transcrições de narrativas consolidadas no Caderno de Campo, bem como da obra de Trina Grillo, analisou-se o dia a dia do CEJUSC da Vergueiro e as sessões de mediação/conciliação em matéria de divórcio que nele ocorreram.
Postcolonial Lithographies
Authors: Baishya Amit R.
Published: November 2020

This article explores how considerations of deep time—not just deep human histories, but inhuman ones as well—can help us re-evaluate postcolonial literary works in the wake of the Anthropocene. I focus on the representation of “lithic time” through a reading of the Martinican writer Patrick Chamoiseau’s novel Slave Old Man. Chamoiseau’s novel has had some traction in animal studies recently because of his conjoined portrayal of the mutual degradation and eventual enslavement of a human and a dog in a colonial plantation in Martinique. I argue, however, that a consideration of stones and lithic time in the novel facilitates a push beyond the located aspects of interspecies relationships and opens portals to contemplations of the inhuman dimensions of geohistorical time. This article looks at the inhuman temporal dimensions of stone in Chamoiseau’s novel, while simultaneously reflecting on how a deep time perspective can assist us in reconceptualizing postcolonial literary analytical strategies.
Anthropocene Temporality in Gaia Games
Authors: op de Beke Laura
Published: November 2020

This article explores the potential of a new generation of environmental god games, or Gaia games, to engage with the ambivalent dynamic of Anthropocene temporality, a concept modelled after Nicolas Mirzoeff’s notion of Anthropocene visuality. In particular, this article highlights a trope that has become popular in god games recently: the move from map-style interfaces to the use of whole Earth images and models. This trope signals an overt and growing—although as I shall point out, imperfect—engagement with planetarity: an emerging worldview that posits the planet as a world-ecology, one that imbeds both human and nonhuman forces while calling for a renewed attendance to the ethics and aesthetics of relationality. At the same time, this article also notes the perpetuation in Gaia games of generic tropes and conventions like the tech tree and expansionist gameplay. The notion of Anthropocene temporality that this article attempts to theorize helps us to think through the juxtaposition between ecological relationality and a continued desire for expansionism and progress, as both of these play out in videogames.
International Law as a Help or Hinderance to World Peace
Authors: Gilder Alexander
Published: November 2020

World Peace (And How We Can Achieve It) looks towards a future where there is increasingly optimistic engagement with the concept of peace. Bellamy assesses why the world is the way it is before making suggestions for how the world can achieve peace. Bellamy suggests world peace is achievable and in the final chapter constructs his articles for world peace. This review essay engages with several themes in the book looking at how the history of international law is framed by the author before assessing Bellamy’s arguments in relation to the state and international organisations. Lastly, the essay casts a legal eye over the author’s articles for world peace. The articles will be of particular interest to readers in international law as they are embedded in the existing systems and structures of the prevailing international system. However, the articles contain the important inclusion of individuals and the role they play in achieving world peace. World Peace allows international lawyers to think more deeply about peace and the points made in this essay raise some issues that may be further debated as scholars map the paths to peace.
Arnolfini’s best friend
Authors: Bass Marisa Anne
Published: November 2020

Jan van Eyck’s Arnolfini Portrait (1434) has been a battleground of interpretation ever since Erwin Panofsky’s landmark 1934 essay on the painting. This article does not seek to resolve the uncertainties that remain concerning the names of the portrait’s subjects or the function that it served. Instead, it proposes to understand the relationship that the painting establishes between itself and its viewers, and to do so by considering the role of the canine companion at the couple’s feet. The dog in The Arnolfini Portrait is not only fundamental to the fellowship that Van Eyck invites us to feel both with himself and with his work; the dog’s role within the picture also nuances our understanding of Van Eyck’s own self-awareness as an artist and signals an opportunity to reconsider the limitations of traditional art-historical method.
A portrait of the artist as friend
Authors: Wouk Edward H.
Published: November 2020

The Portrait of Lambert Lombard of circa 1560 is unique among early modern likenesses in its intimate portrayal of an artist as friend. This essay moves beyond the questions of attribution that have hitherto dominated discussions of the painting and focuses instead on the dialogic encounter the image establishes between sitter and beholder. That encounter, I contend, reflects a novel period concept of friendship as a social ideal and as a model for artistic practice. Working within humanist frameworks, Lombard’s pupils actively constructed an image of their teacher as scholar and affectionate pedagogue. While other images of Lombard emphasized the artist’s erudition at the expense of his personal warmth, this disarmingly nonchalant portrait negotiates a balance between the aloof scholar and engaged friend. Like Dominicus Lampsonius’s biography of the artist, published in 1565, the Portrait of Lambert Lombard envisions the artist as a friend who is both erudite and loving.
Affectionate sister, most faithful friend
Authors: Frederick Michele L.
Published: November 2020

In May of 1630, the exiled Queen of Bohemia, Elizabeth Stuart, sent a large painting to her brother, King Charles I of England. The work, a now-lost family portrait known since 1966 as Seladon and Astraea, was completed by the Dutch artist Gerrit van Honthorst. That this painting took Honoré d’Urfé’s pastoral romance L’Astrée as its source material has been proposed since the 1960s. This article argues for L’Astrée as an important part of Elizabeth and her husband’s self-identity in exile, and for Honthorst’s painting as a vital and overlooked token of friendship between both Elizabeth and her husband and Elizabeth and her brother. Drawing on early modern and ancient theorizations of friendship, kinship, and marriage as well as Elizabeth, Charles, and her husband Frederick’s letters, this article places Honthorst’s painting at the center of a complex network of reciprocal affection, political machinations, and court culture in the seventeenth century.
Joachim von Sandrart, aristocrat-painter in Amsterdam, 1637-1645
Authors: Kok Erna E.
Published: November 2020

In this article, the central issue is the interaction between Sandrart’s friendship networks, his art production and success in Amsterdam. His famous literary life’s work the Teutsche Academie, and Lebenslauf, his (auto) biography, will also be involved. Sandrart’s stay in Amsterdam (1637-1645) was the true springboard for his career. Upon arrival in Amsterdam, he immediately positioned himself in the network of influential entrepreneurs, connoisseurs and magistrates by moving into a patrician residence on the Keizersgracht. Sandrart’s wealthy bloedvrienden (family members) with important socio-political networks - the banker Johan de Neufville and the artist-agent Michel le Blon - further brokered easy access to the bourgeois elite network, which soon earned the aristocratic painter many important commissions. In the late 1630s and early 1640s, Sandrart was a pioneer in his use of the Van Dyckian way of portraying and a classicist Italian style in history painting. Although it took a further ten years before the change of style towards academism became definite in Amsterdam, Sandrart had been the artistic leader thereof. Moreover, he launched a new artists image and artistic lifestyle by positioning himself as the aristocratic-artist.
Titia Brongersma’s polymathic career and spheres of early modern creative friendship
Authors: Cook Nicole Elizabeth
Published: November 2020

While Frisian polymath Titia Brongersma (ca. 1650-ca. 1700) has recently been rediscovered by literary scholars, she has never been considered from an art historical perspective. This essay repositions Brongersma in the context of her rich creative practice through the lens of her intersecting circles of friends and colleagues in poetry, art, and antiquarianism. Brongersma has long been known as a pioneering figure within the archeological field because of her unearthing of a prehistoric tomb in 1685, one of the earliest excavations of native ruins in the Netherlands. She also painted, drew, sculpted, wrote poetry, and collected art, all of which she recorded in her only known publication De bron-swaan (The Swan at the Wellspring, 1686). Throughout her endeavors, Brongersma relied on her male and female friends to position herself as an artist and intellectual and this article provides a view into the generative process of mutual support and validation in late seventeenth-century friendships.
Politics and Regionality: Does Region of Residence Affect the State’s Legitimacy?
Authors: Blanco-González Alicia , Miotto Giorgia , Díez-Martín Francisco
Published: November 2020

Even though the Spanish Constitution establishes that Spain is structured into Autonomous Communities and that the principles of solidarity and subsidiarity govern the relationship between the different regions, very often Spanish media publish news about territorial inequality, conflicts, and independency velleity. The objective of this investigation, avoiding digging into the reasons for these claims, is to identify whether the region of residence influences the legitimacy of the Spanish state. The legitimacy of the state is the degree of citizen’s support to the institutions. This support ensures the law compliance, the proper functioning of the country and citizen commitment with the social system. State’s legitimacy is very much linked with the trust on politics and politicians. In the regions characterized by independency issues and conflicts, state’s legitimacy will be limited, and the perception of the state’s meaning and power will be more fragile and instable. The effective and appropriate management of the state and the relevancy of the central politics would be complex in these regions and, finally, regional inequality and fragmentation will increase. To achieve this research objective, we carried out an analysis of the state’s legitimacy of each Spanish region considering the data extracted from the European Social Survey. The results of this research provide valuable information useful for regional political decision making and dig into the reasons why regional conflicts are rooted in the state’s institutions.
The Effectiveness of Nortriptyline and Tolerability of Side Effects in Neurogenic Cough Patients
Authors: Song Sungjin A. , Choksawad Kanittha , Franco Ramon A.
Published: November 2020

Objective:

To determine the effectiveness of nortriptyline and tolerability of side effects in the treatment of neurogenic cough. Secondary goal is to evaluate the association between laryngeal asymmetry and clinical response to nortriptyline.

Study Design:

Retrospective case series.

Materials and Methods:

Consecutive patients diagnosed with neurogenic cough at a quaternary care specialty hospital from 2001 to 2020 were identified. Subjects <18 years old, not treated with nortriptyline, did not have a nasolaryngoscopic examination and were lost to follow-up were excluded. Charts were reviewed for demographic information, clinical history, nasolaryngoscopic findings, medication dosage, side effects, and follow-up time.

Results:

Forty-two patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 males and 35 females with an average age of 56.5 (±13.1) years. There were 26/36 (72.2%) responders and 10/36 (27.8%) non-responders; 6 patients stopped nortriptyline due to side effects and were not included in the response comparison. Laryngeal asymmetry was present in 36/42 (85.7%) patients. No factors related to laryngeal asymmetry were significantly different between responders and non-responders. Medication tolerance was observed in 3/42 (7.1%) patients. Side effects were reported in 16/42 (38.1%) patients. The most common side effects were sedation 9/42 (21.4%) and xerostomia 3/42 (7.1%).

Conclusion:

Nortriptyline is effective for treating neurogenic cough with 72% of patients reporting improvement in cough. Evidence of laryngeal asymmetry was not associated with better treatment response. Although 38% experienced side effects, the majority of patients continued nortriptyline despite side effects.

Level of Evidence:

4
Lessons Learned From a Descriptive Review of Rural Individualized Education Programs
Authors: Hott Brittany L. , Jones Beth Ashby , Randolph Kathleen M. , Kuntz Emily , McKenna John W. , Brigham Frederick J.
Published: November 2020

Students who are eligible for special education and related services are entitled to a free appropriate public education (FAPE), which is delineated by the Individualized Education Program (IEP). The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine 133 IEPs from seven rural districts that were interested in evaluating their compliance with state and federal special education regulations. The researchers evaluated (a) the present level of academic and functional performance (PLAAFP), (b) IEP goals, (c) PLAAFP and goal alignment, and (d) progress monitoring. Fewer than 7% of the IEPs examined included PLAAFP statements, goals, and contingencies for progress monitoring that met regulatory standards. The majority of IEPs (74%) evaluated did not provide complete statements of how a student’s disability affected school performance. Methods for quantitative progress monitoring were also frequently absent from the documents (23%). Furthermore, the PLAAFP, goals, and progress monitoring were often unaligned. Implications for school practice and areas for future research are reported.
Reconceptualizing indigeneity in minority ethnic groups
Authors: Hibbert Richard , Hibbert Evelyn
Published: November 2020

Models of indigeneity and contextualization tend to overlook the impact of surrounding cultures on the culture and sense of identity of minority ethnic groups. Recent debate about ethnic groups and their cultures in anthropology provides essential theoretical foundations for examining this issue. This article begins by exploring these foundations and their implications for missiological conceptions of indigeneity and for fostering indigenous expressions of faith. Then, drawing on theories of acculturation, the dynamic and multifaceted influence of other (particularly more dominant) cultures on minority groups is discussed, using the case of the Turkish-speaking Millet in Bulgaria and their western European diaspora to illustrate this. The consequences of failing to recognize outside influence on minority groups include miscontextualization and misapplication of principles of indigeneity. These are illustrated through the case of the Millet. Finally, implications for missionary practice are drawn out.
Social Change in Brazil Through Innovations and Social Movements
Authors: Maldonado-Mariscal Karina
Published: November 2020

Social innovations and changes in educational systems are the cornerstones for success of emerging countries. Current developments in Brazil and heterogeneity of society make the country a perfect candidate to investigate these topics. Drawing on historical analysis and content analysis, the author builds a model that recognizes patterns of social change. This model enables to analyze social change through the interaction of radical changes, innovations, social movements, and reforms. This model is applied to two periods in Brazil, where social movements, like the revolution in the 1930s and the military coup in the 1960s, triggered a series of social changes. The findings of this study suggest that social change is a cyclical process where social innovations and educational change are involved. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of current changes in the Brazilian society and provide a key instrument for analyzing social change in other societies.
A Study of One State’s School District Physical Restraint and Seclusion Policies
Authors: Van Acker Eryn Y. , Kane Elisabeth J. , Bricko Nicole C. , Peterson Reece L.
Published: November 2020

This descriptive analysis of policy content examined local school district policies on physical restraint and seclusion in one Midwestern state that did not have state legislation on these topics to determine whether districts had policies and, if so, whether their content included recommended principles from the U.S. Department of Education. No previous research has addressed district policies. A maximum variation sample of 90 districts was examined to determine whether policies were in place, whether recommended principles were included, and whether policies varied based on student enrollment. Although almost all districts had policies, many of the federally recommended principles were not addressed across the sample and less than 10% of the district policies indicated that these procedures should only be used in the case of imminent danger of serious injury to self or others. District enrollment size did not affect policy, but the substance of the policy was determined by the districts’ policy source from advising attorneys.
On the Influence of Land Use and Transit Network Attributes on the Generation of, and Relationship between, the Demand for Public Transit and Ride-Hailing Services in Toronto
Authors: Loa Patrick , Hossain Sanjana , Nurul Habib Khandker
Published: November 2020

In North American cities, the growing use of ride-hailing services, such as Uber and Lyft, has occurred at a time when public transit ridership has either stagnated or declined. Previous studies on the topic have found that the relationship between ride-hailing and public transit services tends to be context-specific in nature. In some cases, ride-hailing has been shown to complement public transit, while, in others, it can be a substitute. This paper takes an integrated approach to modeling the generation of demand for ride-hailing and public transit services, using trip-level ride-hailing data and data from a regional household travel survey. In addition, the relationship between the demand for ride-hailing and transit services is also explored. This paper uses the bivariate ordered probit model and the recursive regression model to study the role that built environment and socio-demographic attributes play in the generation of transit and ride-hailing demand. The model results reveal that there are several built environment attributes, such as transit accessibility and the density of commercial and recreational establishments, that influence the generation of both ride-hailing and transit demand. The results also indicate that the relationship between ride-hailing and transit services tends to be more complementary than substitutive in nature. This does not, however, mean that ride-hailing services are never used as a substitute for public transit in Toronto. The results of this study aim to provide transit agencies with a means of identifying locations where ridership may be threatened by ride-hailing services.
An easy disinfection strategy for pipes connecting hemodialysis equipment
Authors: Tagaya Masashi , Oda Yosuke , Kimura Aki , Irifune Ryuji , Okano Shinya , Murataka Takuo , Handa Hiroki , Takahashi Shunsuke
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

A hemodialysis room has pipes connecting the console and central fluid equipment. While these pipes require disinfection, reports detailing disinfection strategies are unavailable. Therefore, we aimed to compare two easy disinfection strategies differing in sanitization frequency and sanitizer concentration.

Methods:

Reverse osmosis water (ROW) purifying equipment and six dialysis consoles were connected by 20 m of pipes. Only ROW flowed through these pipes, because the dialysate solution was constituted at each console. The pipes were sanitized by two strategies: (1) strong and monthly (hypochlorite concentration: 100 ppm) or (2) weak and weekly (5 ppm). Both strategies were easy because the sodium hypochlorite was simply added to the ROW tank. To estimate sanitization efficacy, endotoxin counts at the ROW tank outlet, the end of the pipe, and the pipe after the endotoxin-cutting filter in each console were measured monthly for six continuous months. These counts were compared between the two sanitization strategies.

Results:

The endotoxin counts at the ROW tank outlet and the end of the pipe were 0.004–0.017 and 0.012–0.081 EU/mL, respectively, in the strong and monthly strategy, and 0.001–0.003 and 0.001–0.005 EU/mL, respectively, in the weak and weekly strategy. The endotoxin counts at the pipe after the endotoxin-cutting filter were less than 0.001 EU/mL during the study period in both strategies.

Conclusion:

A weekly disinfection strategy was more effective than a monthly one, despite the lower hypochlorite concentration. The present study suggests that frequency is the most important factor in the disinfection of pipes in a dialysis room.
The Perfect Storm: US Missteps, Belligerence, and Racial Legacies
Authors: Coates Rodney D.
Published: November 2020

As we watch COVID devastate our country, many wonder how we got here. I argue that in this paper that the crisis has been agrevated, if not a direct result of presidential missteps, and belligerence. Further, most impacted have been racialized groups. These factors, described here as elements of the perfect storm, are not by accident, but a series of miscalculations and errors, blatant disregard for reality and science, and deliberate attempts to mislead, minimize, and dismiss the severity, reality, and dangers associated with this pandemic. Early responses by President Donald Trump to COVID-19 can be characterized as inept, unfocused, and lacking leadership. Even as the first cases of COVID-19 were being identified in Wuhan, China, President Trump was working to promote his anti-science stance by dismantling the science policy infrastructure installed to advise him. Following Trump’s lead, many GOP local and state leaders trivialized the significance of COVID-19 early as it ravaged the country.
Sedimentary grain-size record of Holocene runoff fluctuations in the Lake Lugu watershed, SE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Xiaonan , Zhang Hucai , Chang Fengqin , Ashraf Umar , Wu Han , Peng Wei , Liu Qi , Liu Fengwen , Zhang Yun , Duan Lizeng
Published: November 2020

Changes in moisture conditions or precipitation in the SE Tibetan Plateau during the Holocene have been studied using various environmental archives and proxies. However, due to different interpretations of the proxies and records, the pattern of Holocene precipitation/moisture variations in the region remains unclear. A lake-sediment-based reconstruction of runoff variations, which can directly and sensitively reflect changes in precipitation, provides the opportunity to reconstruct the evolution of moisture conditions in the SE Tibetan Plateau during the Holocene. In this study, we used a well-dated sediment core (LGH2) from Lake Lugu, a deep alpine lake charged mainly by precipitation on the lake surface and by runoff from the watershed, to reconstruct variations in runoff during the Holocene. In addition, 70 lake surface sediment samples were collected to examine the spatial variation of grain size. Endmember modeling analysis of the grain-size data was used to characterize the processes of sediment transport and runoff fluctuations. The carbonate content of core LGH2 shows that the lake level was generally high during 11,600–3100 cal years BP, and that the lake basin was closed after 3100 cal years BP and semi-closed since 90 cal years BP. Grain-size endmember EM 3, which represents the runoff input clastic materials, is used to reconstruct runoff fluctuations in the Lake Lugu watershed. The record indicates a gradual increase in runoff during 11,600–9000 cal years BP, stable and high runoff during 9000–2000 cal years BP, and weak runoff and a low lake level since 2000 cal years BP. Our reconstruction of runoff fluctuations tracks changes in regional temperature and tropical SSTs rather than in boreal summer insolation. This finding supports the hypothesis that increasing tropical SSTs strengthened ITCZ convection which enhanced the flux of water vapour from the ocean to the air, and hence the moisture supplies to SW China.
Global Production Networks and (Distributional) Regional Development: The Cinnamon Industry in Karandeniya and Matale, Sri Lanka
Authors: Song Eunyeong , Gress Douglas R. , Andriesse Edo
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this article is to examine the multi-spatial and developmental dynamics of the cinnamon industry in Sri Lanka, the largest exporter in the world by value added. This contribution compares Karandeniya, a major traditional cultivating hub, and Matale, a region new to cinnamon cultivation, deploying a Global Production Network (GPN) framework inclusive of regional development considerations. Analyses, based on input from 23 semi-structured, in-depth interviews, examine the potential for all stakeholders to acquire equity or ‘how’ captured value influences the region ‘and’ individual actors over the course of development. Fieldwork reveals four upstream actors in the cinnamon industry, namely—farmers, peelers, collectors and exporting firms. Results indicate that the cinnamon boom led to strategic decoupling with the exporting firms in Colombo and subsequent strategic recoupling with other actors. The primary contribution of the research rests in the interpretation of resulting structural changes in each region from a bifurcated view of regional development. Based on regional economic growth, Karandeniya appears to be more successful. However, considering the extent of value distribution within the region, Matale is on a more inclusive trajectory vis-à-vis cinnamon exports. Based on these results, three implications for GPN theory and related development policy are suggested.
Career Outlook and Performance of Professional Athletes After Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Systematic Review
Authors: Johns William , Walley Kempland C. , Seedat Raees , Thordarson David B. , Jackson Ben , Gonzalez Tyler
Published: November 2020

Background:

The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the literature on Achilles tendon (AT) injuries in professional athletes to determine their rate of return to play (RTP), performance, and career outcome after AT rupture.

Methods:

A literature search of MEDLINE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Included studies reported outcomes related to RTP (time and rate), durability and player participation, and player performance following AT rupture in professional athletes of the National Football League (NFL), National Basketball Association (NBA), Major League Baseball (MLB), and professional soccer leagues.

Results:

Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria for analysis. Athletes were able to return to professional sport participation 76% of the time, with mean time to RTP of 11 months following AT injury. Athletes experienced a decline in player efficiency ratings, power ratings, and sport- and position-specific statistics in the NFL, NBA, and professional soccer leagues compared to noninjured controls. RTP rate was significantly lower following AT rupture in comparison to athletes sustaining other common orthopedic injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament injuries, meniscal tears, and ankle fractures in both NFL and NBA athletes.

Conclusion:

AT rupture prohibits nearly 25% of professional athletes from returning to their respective sport. Of those able to return to compete at a professional level, the mean time to RTP is 11 months—nearly double the estimated 6-month recovery for RTP in the general population. Furthermore, player performance and durability were curtailed following AT rupture. This review of the literature should be used to set evidence-based goals and establish realistic expectations for RTP for elite athletes following AT injuries.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, systematic review.
Ethical Relationality and Indigenous Storywork Principles as Methodology: Addressing Settler-Colonial Divides in Inner-City Educational Research
Authors: Kerr Jeannie , Adamov Ferguson Katya
Published: November 2020

In this article, we share our engagement with Indigenous methodologies in a research study focused on teacher candidates in inner-city education. The study is conceptualized through ethical relationality as developed by Dwayne Donald (Papaschase Cree), and the principles of Indigenous Storywork as developed by Jo-ann Archibald (Stó:lō and St’at’imc). The study was enriched through encouraging a wholistic embodiment of ethics, revealing the presences of land and more-than-human teachers, and providing opportunities to transcend dualisms. We conclude with a consideration of the complexities, possibilities, and limitations of ourselves as Euro-descendant researchers, and the ethical requirements of Indigenous mentorship, time, and responsibility.
Exploring Spatial Clustering Over Time and Spillover Effects of the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit on Neighborhood-Level Income Segregation
Authors: Won Jongho
Published: November 2020

This study investigates the longitudinal and spatial patterns and spillover effects of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) developments on neighborhood-level income segregation. Focusing on all MSAs in the U.S., the results show that LIHTC units have been spatially clustered in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods over time. This research also explores the spillover effects of LIHTC units on neighborhood economic status by utilizing propensity scores and weighted linear regression to address a self-selection bias of developers’ decisions regarding the location of LIHTC projects. The results suggest that LIHTC developments, in general, are expected to increase the concentration of households that have lower income than the average household income of the MSA. However, in high-poverty neighborhoods, LIHTC developments yield positive spillover effects on neighborhood economic status. Moreover, providing LIHTC units in high-poverty neighborhoods where LIHTC units were built previously in the focal or any adjacent neighborhood also improves neighborhood economic status.
The Role of Rural and Urban Geography and Gender in Community Stigma Around Mental Illness
Authors: Schroeder Shawnda , Tan Chih Ming , Urlacher Brian , Heitkamp Thomasine
Published: November 2020

Empirical evidence describes the negative outcomes people with mental health disorders experience due to societal stigma. The aim of this study was to examine the role of gender and rural-urban living in perceptions about mental illness. Participants completed the Day’s Mental Illness Stigma Scale, a nationally validated instrument for measuring stigma. Directors of Chambers of Commerce in North Dakota distributed the electronic survey to their members. Additionally, distribution occurred through use of social media and other snowball sampling approaches. Analysis of data gathered from 749 participants occurred through examination of the difference in perceptions based on geography and gender. The zip codes of residence were sorted to distinguish between rural and urban participants. Application of weighting measures ensured closer alignment with the general population characteristics. Findings indicate that for the majority of the seven stigma measures the Day’s Mental Illness Stigma Scale examines, the coefficient of rural–gender interactions was positive and highly significant with higher levels of stigma in rural areas. Females exhibited lower stigma perceptions than males. However, women living in rural areas held higher degrees of stigma compared to urban residing females. Implications of the study include the need to advance mental health literacy campaigns for males and people residing in rural communities. Additional empirical studies that examine the role of geography and gender in understanding stigma toward people with mental health disorders will result in improved treatment outcomes due to increased and focused educational efforts.
Long term outcomes in dry age-related macular degeneration following low vision rehabilitation interventions
Authors: Pyatova Yulia , Daibert-Nido Monica , Markowitz Samuel N
Published: November 2020

Background:

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of loss of vision in the older age groups. In the absence of a known therapy, low vision rehabilitation aims at preserving residual functional vision at optimal levels. Long term functional outcomes from Low Vision Rehabilitation (LVR) in AMD cases were never scrutinized in the past. This study brings some clarification in this matter.

Methods:

This is a retrospective case series study including data up to 2 years following the baseline visit. Low Vision Assessments included microperimetry testing and recommendations for low vision devices for distance vision. Outcomes measures selected for this study were best corrected distance visual acuity, fixation stability and preferred retinal locus (PRL) topography and LVR interventions.

Results:

Data on 17 patients with an average age of 89.2 ± 4.4 years was collected. In those with better vision than 20/400 loss of vision was about 1.4 letter per year as tested with ETDRS charts compared with losses of four letters per year in a population without LVR interventions. Fixation stability continued to deteriorate while PRL eccentricity seemed to remain the same. In about half of cases there was a change in the topographic location of the PRL to a different retinal quadrant.

Conclusion:

Long term, as expected, changes were noticed in visual acuity, fixation stability and PRL topography. However, it seems that LVR interventions for distance vision help patients retain significantly better functional vision at the 2 years follow up interval when compared to others.
Malagasy art on the move: Materiality, home displays, and problems in decolonizing Christianity
Authors: Halvorson Britt
Published: November 2020

This article explores how white US Christians’ home displays, including their decorative presentation of paintings, small sculptures, and other memorabilia of foreign travel, play a critical role in representing imperial geographies. Drawing upon long-term ethnographic research on the current aid partnership between Lutherans in the US and Madagascar, which stems from American Lutheran mission work in southern Madagascar (1888–2004), the article studies the relationship of contemporary white Minnesotans’ home displays about Madagascar with more historically-established projects of colonial knowledge production. The visual dimensions of materiality have been significant for building traces and imaginaries of far-flung places for home or metropole audiences in Christian colonization. Thus, by placing theories of Christian souvenirs and devotional objects in dialogue with work on Christian colonialism, the author examines home displays as a lesser-considered aspect of the colonial project in the metropole and considers the problems they raise for contemporary efforts to decolonize Christianity.
Examining augmented reality in journalism: Presence, knowledge gain, and perceived visual authenticity
Authors: Aitamurto Tanja , Aymerich-Franch Laura , Saldivar Jorge , Kircos Catherine , Sadeghi Yasamin , Sakshuwong Sukolsak
Published: November 2020

This article examines the impact of augmented reality (AR) visualizations on users’ sense of physical presence, knowledge gain, and perceptions of the authenticity of journalistic visuals. In a mixed experimental design, 79 participants were randomly assigned to view three The New York Times articles on a mobile phone featuring one of three viewing modalities: (1) AR visualizations, (2) interactive (non-AR) visualizations, or (3) non-interactive, static visualizations. AR induced a greater sense of physical presence compared to the other modalities. The findings suggest that immersive properties of AR can contribute to journalism’s goal of engaging the audience. However, AR was not a superior medium for informing the participants, and the viewing modality did not have an effect on the perceived authenticity of the visuals. The findings indicate a need for more efficient ways to relay information through journalistic AR visualizations while keeping the user engaged in an immersive experience.
Memento Mori: COVID-19 and the Political Imaginary of Death
Authors: Assy Bethania , Hoffmann Florian F.
Published: November 2020

The paper contrasts two complementary ways of conceptualising death in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, notably death-in-the-plural, which involves death as an objective and collective phenomenon that occurs on the level of whole populations, and death-in-the-singular, which involves the ways in which individuals and communities deal ‘subjectively’ with death. It reconstructs how the sudden ‘breaking in’ of death as it occurs during a pandemic affects the ‘normally’ stratified political economy of life and opens up spaces of resistance on the basis of the ‘resilient cohabitation’ of those most exposed to death.
The impact of extra-musculoskeletal manifestations on disease activity, functional status, and treatment patterns in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: results from a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Redeker Imke , Siegmund Britta , Ghoreschi Kamran , Pleyer Uwe , Callhoff Johanna , Hoffmann Falk , Marschall Ursula , Haibel Hildrun , Sieper Joachim , Zink Angela , Poddubnyy Denis
Published: November 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of extra-musculoskeletal manifestations (EMMs) with disease activity, functional status, and treatment patterns in a large population-based cohort of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods:

A stratified random sample of patients with axSpA, drawn from health insurance data, received a survey on disease-related characteristics including history (ever presence) of the following EMMs: inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis (PSO), and anterior uveitis (AU). Survey data were linked to health insurance data, gathering additional information on current occurrence (within one year) of EMMs and drug prescriptions. Separate multivariable linear regression models were calculated to determine the association of EMMs with disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index), and functional status (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index) after adjustment for relevant parameters, including treatment.

Results:

A total of 1729 patients with axSpA were included in the analyses (response: 47%; mean age: 56 years; 46% female) of whom 6% (9%) had current (ever) IBD, 10% (15%) had current (ever) PSO, and 9% (27%) had current (ever) AU. Ever presence of IBD and history of PSO were significantly associated with higher level of disease activity. Ever presence of PSO was also associated with higher level of functional impairment, whereas current AU was significantly associated with lower disease activity. Patients with current IBD or PSO received more frequently biological and conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs as well as systemic steroids. AU was associated with a higher use of conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs only.

Conclusion:

Disease activity is higher in patients with axSpA with history of IBD or history of PSO. Functional impairment is also higher in patients with axSpA with history of PSO. The presence of different EMMs was associated with different treatment patterns in axSpA.
Changes in Device Uptake and Glycemic Control Among Pregnant Women With Type 1 Diabetes: Data From the T1D Exchange
Authors: Levy Carol J. , Foster Nicole C. , DuBose Stephanie N. , Agarwal Shivani , Lyons Sarah K. , Peters Anne L. , Uwaifo Gabriel I. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Sherr Jennifer L. , Polsky Sarit
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

To examine changes in device use and glycemic outcomes for pregnant women from the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry between the years 2010-2013 and 2016-2018.

Methods:

Participant-reported device use and glycemic outcomes were compared for women aged 16-40 years who were pregnant at the time of survey completion, comparing 2010-2013 (cohort 1) and 2016-2018 (cohort 2). Hemoglobin A1c results within 30 days prior to survey completion were obtained from medical records.

Results:

There were 208 pregnant women out of 5,236 eligible participants completing the questionnaire in cohort 1 and 47 pregnant women out of 2,818 eligible participants completing the questionaire in cohort 2. Continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use while pregnant trended upward among cohort 2 (70% vs 37%, P = .02), while reported continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) use while pregnant declined (76% vs 64%, P = .04). HbA1c levels trended downward (6.8% cohort 1 vs 6.5% cohort 2, P = .07).

Conclusions:

Self-reported CGM use while pregnant increased over the studied intervals whereas CSII use decreased. Additional evaluation of device use and the potential benefits for T1D pregnancies is needed.
Comparison of Composites, Dichotomous, and Latent Factor Measurement Operationalizations in Hospitality Research on Moderating Effects
Authors: Bogicevic Vanja , Bujisic Milos
Published: November 2020

Moderation testing through latent factor models is relatively underutilized in hospitality and tourism research. The purpose of this research is to highlight the differences in the treatment of measurements of reflective constructs as composite indices versus latent factors in moderating effect tests in hospitality research. For this research, we build our primer on the investigation of the differences in customer satisfaction with the perceived entertainment experience at a hospitality/tourism attraction, contingent on customers’ personality trait extraversion, borrowed from the Big-Five mini marker inventory. Our findings illustrate the consequences of the measurement conceptualization and the representation of constructs in statistical models with interaction effects. While using composites simplifies the estimation of the regression paths and provides a reasonable sense of the direction of the effect and its statistical significance, it is not always aligned with the theoretical and conceptual underpinning of the employed constructs. A statistical model with composites may underestimate an interaction effect, whereas a model with a dichotomized moderator may overestimate the interaction effect. The findings of this research draw the attention of the hospitality and tourism research community on different representations of reflective constructs in their measurement and statistical models.
Cystathionine β-synthase and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutations in Mexican individuals with hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Figueroa-Torres Anahi Guadalupe , Matias-Aguilar Lisneth Osiris , Coria-Ramirez Erika , Bonilla-Gonzalez Edmundo , Gonzalez-Marquez Humberto , Ibarra-Gonzalez Isabel , Hernandez-Lopez Jose Rubicel , Hernandez-Juarez Jesus , Dominguez-Reyes Victor Manuel , Isordia-Salas Irma , Majluf-Cruz Abraham
Published: November 2020

Background:

Hyperhomocysteinemia, a thrombotic risk factor, may have several causes. Among the genetic causes of hyperhomocysteinemia, there are polymorphisms in the enzymes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T) and cystathionine β-synthase (C699T, C1080T, and 844ins68). Although the frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia in our country is high, there is no evidence about the frequencies of these polymorphisms.

Methods:

We analyzed 80 healthy individuals from several regions in our country. We evaluated the fasting and post-oral methionine load plasma Hcy and the genotypes in order to obtain the allele frequencies of the polymorphisms C677T of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and C699T, C1080T, and 844ins68 of the cystathionine β-synthase.

Results:

No individual had deficiency of folic acid, vitamins B12, or B6, but 80% had post-oral methionine load hyperhomocysteinemia. We found a significant increase in the Hcy plasma concentration associated with age and gender. Only the polymorphism C1080T was significantly associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.

Conclusion:

There is an association between fasting and post-oral methionine load plasma Hcy concentrations with the allelic frequencies of the polymorphisms C669T, 844ins68, and C1080T of the cystathionine β-synthase and C667T of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in healthy Mexican individuals. As compared with individuals with normal fasting or post-oral methionine load Hcy plasma levels, only C1080T was significantly associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.
Land Grab Practices and a Threat to Livelihood and Food Security in India? A Case Study from Aerocity Expansion Project from S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab
Authors: Reuter Thomas , Singh Sarbjeet , Sinha A. K. , Mehta Shalina
Published: November 2020

Agricultural dominant societies in India have slowly shifted from traditional agricultural practices to modern infrastructural development. The recent trend of developing high-tech cities is an effort by the Punjab government to bring additional investment to the state and boost its economy. But to do that at the expense of highly fertile agricultural land is a debatable proposition. One of the most recent ventures towards this objective is the kind of development being initiated in the vicinity of Chandigarh and Mohali by Greater Mohali Area Development Authority (GMADA)—an Aerocity Expansion project. This article will focus on Patton, Kurai and Seon—three out of 14 villages where 1,305 acres of land have been proposed to be acquired. This article explores blatant land grab practices by the state authority in the name of development, which act as barriers to the food security and threaten the livelihood of those whose land will be acquired in the near future. The study will further focus on people’s perception of the new development project initiated by GMADA.