bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical Rehabilitation of Children after a New Coronavirus Infection COVID-19
Authors: Petrova Maria S. , Khan Maya A.
Published: November 2021

The article is about medical rehabilitation of children who have suffered from the coronavirus infection COVID-19, which is an acute infectious disease caused by a new strain of the coronavirus SARS CoV-2.
The authors present current information about epidemiology and clinical course of this disease in children. It is known that complications and adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in children are observed much less frequently than in adults. At the same time, the clinical experience of monitoring children who have had a new coronavirus infection showed that all patients need medical rehabilitation, including those who had the disease in asymptomatic or mild form. Data on the possibility of functional disorders not only in the respiratory organs but also in other systems of the body determines the necessity of stage-by-stage medical rehabilitation of these children.
The article defines the main principles and stages of their rehabilitation, proves the necessity of indications for different stages. Medical rehabilitation of children after a new coronavirus infection at all stages is provided by specialists of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team which includes a pediatrician, a physiotherapist, an exercise therapist, a medical rehabilitation doctor, a reflexologist, a medical psychologist, a speech therapist, an instructor-methodologist, etc.
This article presents a wide range of modern techniques of apparatus physiotherapy and kinesotherapy indicated for children who have undergone COVID-19, with the description of the main therapeutic effects and the mechanism of therapeutic action of physical factors. Psychological rehabilitation is of great importance in the complex of rehabilitation measures for children with COVID-19. Special attention is paid to the issues of sanatorium-resort treatment of children after a new coronavirus infection. The spectrum of nonmedicamentous technologies for inclusion in the individual program of sanatorium-resort treatment of such patients with the use of natural healing resources (mineral waters, therapeutic mud, therapeutic climate, other natural conditions used for treatment and prevention of diseases); nonmedicamentous therapy, therapeutic exercises, massage, physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, reflexotherapy, psychotherapy is determined. The article presents criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures.
Usage of the GMFM-88 Scale for the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Short-term Intensive Rehabilitation of Children with Motor Disorders
Authors: Litus Anna Yu. , Feskov Gennadiy P.
Published: November 2021

Aim. To explore the possibility of using the GMFM-88 scale for the evaluation of the effectiveness of short-term (21 days) intensiverehabilitation of children with motor impairment.
Material and methods. The study included a combination of statistical and analytical methods. 83 children with cerebral palsy underwentintensive physical rehabilitation at the Centre of Medical Technology and Rehabilitation (CMTR. The level of the children’sfunctioning was assessed in accordance with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (hereinafter GMFCS). The GMFM-88 scalehas been employed for the planning of the intervention and the assessment of rehabilitation effectiveness.
Results. Statistical analysis of the average values on GMFM-88, before and after rehabilitation and according to the Student t-criterion,shows significant changes in functioning after rehabilitation (t = -6.493, significance level less than 0.0001). This suggests the possibility of using the scale as a tool for assessing short-term interventions. At the same time, the use of this scale justifies the assumptionabout the effectiveness of short-term intensive rehabilitation in the form of significant improvements in the functional capabilities ofchildren with motor disorders.
Conclusion. The use of the standardized GMFM-88 scale in this study confirms our assumption regarding the need for periodic, intensiverehabilitation for children with movement disorders. An integrated approach to the detailed assessment of the current state ofthe child makes it possible more accurately identify current problems, determine the nearest development zones, and, consequently,identify the goals and objectives for the rehabilitation period.
Analysis of Digital Marketing Adoption in Indonesian Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Andika Aditya , Jennifer Jennifer , Huang Jesslyn C. , Sebastian Jeannette C.
Published: November 2021

Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) have a major role in Indonesia’s economy. In order to grow, MSMEs need the capability to conduct marketing in the digital world. The advancements in digital technologies have made it possible for a cost-effective and hassle-free Digital Marketing adoption. However, the number of MSMEs that have adopted Digital Marketing is still low. Therefore, this study aims to find out what factors that affect Digital Marketing adoption and its benefits. This study will also analyze the implementation of Digital Marketing by MSMEs in Indonesia. This study uses literature study method. This study shows that there are various factors affecting Digital Marketing adoption. This study also shows that various research results have shown that Digital Marketing Adoption can improve the performance of MSMEs. In regards to Digital Marketing implementation in Indonesia’s MSMEs, this study shows that training and mentoring activities by Centers for Research and Community Service of various Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia are very beneficial for MSMEs.
THE DETERMINANTS OF POSITIVE CREATIVE ADAPTATION OF YOUTH IN THE POLISH-CZECH BORDERLAND
Authors: Szczurek-Boruta Alina
Published: November 2021

The article is aimed at diagnosing the determinants of youth’s positive adaptation to changing demands of life. It is focused on the relationships between creativity and resilience. The analysis comprised youth’s adaptive competences and the resources and risks of social environment. In two measurement periods, quantitative-qualitative studies were conducted among youth in the Polish-Czech borderland. The research design enabled complex diagonal and longitudinal comparisons, which addressed: the identification and analysis of change trends, recognition of their lack, likelihood assessment of these trends in both compared cohorts. The concept of resilience was used to analyse and interpret research results. The identification was conducted of (outer and inner) risk and protective factors determining positive adaptation in the Polish-Czech borderland. The borderland effect was indicated – the impact of borderland on its inhabitants’ socialization, conditioned by spatial-social-cultural-economic properties. Attention was drawn to the forming of youth’s flexibility, ability to handle everyday situations and their resistful behaviour patterns. Borderland is a source and stimulant for acquiring the disposition of resilience. The presented analyses show tendencies and universal mechanisms of human behaviour, not only in borderlands. The article indicates the need for educational activities developing and forming resilience, for elaborating intervention programmes based on better use (in adaptation) of resources and protective factors in the environment.
Constraining Type Ia Supernova Delay Time with Spatially Resolved Star Formation Histories
Authors: Chen Xingzhuo , Hu Lei , Wang Lifan
Published: November 2021

We present the delay time distribution (DTD) estimates of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) using spatially resolved SN Ia host galaxy spectra from MUSE and MaNGA. By employing a grouping algorithm based on k-means and earth mover’s distances (EMDs), we separated the host galaxy stellar population age distributions (SPADs) into spatially distinct regions and used maximum likelihood method to constrain the DTD of SN Ia progenitors. When a power-law model of the form DTD(t) ∝ t

s
(t > τ) is used, we find an SN rate decay slope

s
=
−

1.41

−
0.33

+
0.32

and a delay time

τ
=

120

−
83

+
142

Myr

. Moreover, we tested other DTD models, such as a broken power-law model and a two-component power-law model, and found no statistically significant support for these alternative models.
Dynamical Friction in Nonlocal Gravity
Authors: Roshan Mahmood , Mashhoon Bahram
Published: November 2021

We study dynamical friction in the Newtonian regime of nonlocal gravity (NLG), which is a classical nonlocal generalization of Einstein’s theory of gravitation. The nonlocal aspect of NLG simulates dark matter. The attributes of the resulting effective dark matter are described and the main physical predictions of NLG, which has a characteristic length scale of order 1 kpc, for galactic dynamics are presented. Within the framework of NLG, we derive the analog of Chandrasekhar’s formula for dynamical friction. The astrophysical implications of the results for the apparent rotation of a central bar subject to dynamical friction in a barred spiral galaxy are briefly discussed.
Detection of the Mass-dependent Dual Type Transition of Galaxy Spins in IllustrisTNG Simulations
Authors: Lee Jounghun , Moon Jun-Sung , Ryu Suho , Yoon Suk-Jin
Published: November 2021

A numerical detection of the mass-dependent spin transition of the galaxies is presented. Analyzing a sample of the galaxies with stellar masses in the range of 109 < (M
⋆/M
⊙) ≤ 1011 from the IllustrisTNG300-1 simulations, we explore the alignment tendency between the galaxy baryon spins and the three eigenvectors of the linearly reconstructed tidal field as a function of M
⋆ and its evolution in the redshift range of 0 ≤ z ≤ 1.5. Detecting a significant signal of the occurrence of the mass-dependent transition of the galaxy spins, we show that the centrals differ from the satellites in their spin transition type. As M
⋆ increases beyond a certain threshold mass, the preferred directions of the central galaxy spins transit from the minor to the intermediate tidal eigenvectors (type two) at z = 0.5 and 1, while those of the satellites transit from the minor to the major tidal eigenvectors (type one) at z = 1 and 1.5. It is also shown that the mass range and type of the spin transition depend on the galaxy morphology, the degree of the alignments between the baryon and total spin vectors, and the environmental density. Meanwhile, the stellar spins of the galaxies are found to yield a weak signal of the T1 transitions at z = 0, whose strength and trend depend on the degree of the alignments between the stellar and baryon spins. The possible mechanisms responsible for the T1 and T2 spin transitions are discussed.
EPIC 228782059: Asteroseismology of What Could Be the Coolest Pulsating Helium-atmosphere White Dwarf (DBV) Known
Authors: Duan R. M. , Zong W. , Fu J.-N. , Chen Y. H. , Hermes J. J. , Vanderbosch Zachary P. , Ma X. Y. , Charpinet S.
Published: November 2021

We present analysis of a new pulsating helium-atmosphere (DB) white dwarf, EPIC 228782059, discovered from 55.1 days of K2 photometry. The long-duration, high-quality light curves reveal 11 independent dipole and quadruple modes, from which we derive a rotational period of 34.1 ± 0.4 hr for the star. An optimal model is obtained from a series of grids constructed using the White Dwarf Evolution Code, which returns M
* = 0.685 ± 0.003M
⊙, T
eff = 21,910 ± 23 K, and

log
g
=
8.14
±
0.01

dex. These values are comparable to those derived from spectroscopy by Koester & Kepler (20,860 ± 160 K, and 7.94 ± 0.03 dex). If these values are confirmed or better constrained by other independent works, it would make EPIC 228782059 one of the coolest pulsating DB white dwarf stars known, and would be helpful for testing different physical treatments of convection, and to further investigate the theoretical instability strip of DB white dwarf stars.
Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Countermeasures: A Literature Review
Authors: Wikurendra Edza Aria , Nurika Globila , Tarigan Yenni Gustiani , Kurnianto Arie Arizandi
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is still the primary infectious disease in the world due to HIV/AIDS. In the 2015-2019 strategic plan of the Ministry of Health, infectious diseases are one of the main priorities that must create a Healthy Indonesia. The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Indonesia is 539,000 new cases each year, with the number of deaths around 101,000 per year. Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) (+) incidence rate is around 110/ 100,000 population.
AIM: This study aimed to identify the influencing factors and efforts to overcome pulmonary tuberculosis disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research method was carried out by tracing the research reports/articles related to pulmonary tuberculosis incidence as many as 38 selected articles.
RESULT: Factors that influence tuberculosis infection incidence include age, income level (socioeconomic), housing conditions, the behavior of opening windows every morning, smoking, and a history of contact with tuberculosis patients. There are various countermeasures undertaken to overcome pulmonary tuberculosis, one of which uses a tissue model. This model involves many stakeholders whose duty is to provide knowledge and record the number of sufferers. The stages of action to control tuberculosis include discovery, treatment, and surveillance.
CONCLUSION: Facts in the field show that several factors can affect the success of implementing pulmonary tuberculosis control. Therefore, it is necessary to participate in all society components and involve other agencies beyond the health agency so the reduction in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis can be appropriately realized.
Effects of Access to Information on Health Literacy in Pregnant Women
Authors: Thaha Ridwan Mochtar , Anwar Muhammad , Maria Ida Leida
Published: November 2021

AIM: This study aims to analyze the effect of access to information, the ability to understand, assess and practice the health literacy of pregnant women.

METHODS: This study uses cross-sectional design for the population of pregnant women and uses a lameshow formula to find a sample of 399. Data collection uses questionnaires and the results are processed using the t-test to find the significance of correlation and test the effect of R2 to find out the effect magnitude.

RESULTS: Correlation test results showed 3 of 4 variables correlated with health literacy with a value >1.96 yaitu understand (X1.2) (R2 = 0.65), assessment (X1.3) (R2 = 0.80), and application (X1.4) (R2 = 0.57). The ability to judge variable is proven to explain the practice of health literacy by 80%, and the rest is determined by other variables.

CONCLUSIONS: Health literacy has been recognized as one of the determinants of health and has become one of the goals of public health development for prevention and efforts to overcome risks in pregnancy.
Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients With Autoimmune Conditions Treated With Systemic Therapies: A Population-based Study
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Zhou Xiaofeng , Rubin David T. , Reinisch Walter , Yazdany Jinoos , Robinson Philip C. , Chen Yan , Benda Birgitta , Madsen Ann , Geier Jamie
Published: November 2021

Objective

To describe characteristics and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), or ulcerative colitis (UC) receiving systemic therapies vs the general population.

Methods

This descriptive retrospective cohort study used data from the United States Optum deidentified COVID-19 electronic health record dataset (2007–2020). Adults with COVID-19 were stratified into 3 disease cohorts (patients with RA, PsA, or UC who had received systemic therapy) and a comparator cohort not meeting these criteria. Incidence proportions of hospitalization and clinical manifestations of interest were calculated. Using logistic regression analyses, risk of endpoints was estimated, adjusting for demographics and demographics plus comorbidities.

Results

This analysis (February 1 to December 9, 2020) included 315,101 patients with COVID-19. Adjusting for demographics, COVID-19 patients with RA (n = 2306) had an increased risk of hospitalization (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.39–1.70) and in-hospital death (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.30–2.00) compared with the comparator cohort (n = 311,563). The increased risk was also observed when adjusted for demographics plus comorbidities (hospitalization OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13–1.39 and in-hospital death OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09–1.68]). The risk of hospitalization was lower in COVID-19 patients with RA receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) vs non-TNFi biologics (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.20–0.53) and the comparator cohort (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.51–1.17). The risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 was similar between patients receiving tofacitinib and the comparator cohort.

Conclusion

Compared with the comparator cohort, patients with RA were at a higher risk of more severe or critical COVID-19 and, except for non-TNFi biologics, systemic therapies did not further increase the risk. (ENCePP; registration no. EU PAS 35384)
Le rôle d’alerte épidémiologique et d’action en santé publique de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé
Authors: Guilbaud Auriane
Published: November 2021

Lors des épidémies, et plus encore lorsque celles-ci prennent une ampleur mondiale, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) se retrouve en première ligne. Cet article se propose d’éclairer le rôle de l’Organisation internationale lors des épidémies en revenant sur son fonctionnement général et sur les principaux outils dont elle dispose, notamment en matière de prévention, de surveillance et d’alerte. Cela permet de fournir des éléments d’analyse de sa réponse à la pandémie de Covid-19 en 2020 et d’essayer d’en tirer de premiers enseignements pour le futur de l’organisation.
They Never Walked Alone. Workshop, Seminars, Conferences and the Making of Virginia Political Economy
Authors: Boettke Peter J. , Marciano Alain , Stein Solomon
Published: November 2021

L’objet de cet article est d’étudier la manière dont la recherche s’est organisée au sein des deux centres qui ont joué un rôle fondamental à la création, l’émergence et le développement de l’école d’économie politique de Virginie (VPE) : Le Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy and Social Philosophy (Université de Virginie) et le Center for the Study of Public Choice (Institut Polytechnique de Virginie et Université George Mason). Nous analysons le rôle joué par les ateliers, séminaires et conférences. Nous nous basons sur des éléments d’archives qui n’avaient pas été utilisés dans les précédents histoires racontées sur VPE. Nous insistons aussi sur le rôle joué par James Buchanan, dont les idées sont indissociables de VPE. Une histoire de VPE peut, en effet, difficilement être racontée sans faire une grande place à Buchanan.
The Cowles Summer Research Conferences on Economics and Statistics 1935-1940: Building a Community for Mathematical Economics and Econometrics
Authors: W. Dimand Robert
Published: November 2021

La Cowles Commission for Research in Economics a organisé six conférences estivales à Colorado Springs, de 1935 à 1940. Ces conférences, étroitement associées aux réunions de l’Econometric Society, ont su créer un forum dédié aux économistes, théoriciens ou statisticiens, qui affichaient une appétence particulière pour la formalisation. Elles leur ont permis d’interagir, de présenter leurs travaux, et d’obtenir les retours et critiques constructives d’un auditoire empathique, dans un contexte professionnel assez réfractaire à ce type de recherches. Contrairement aux réunions de l’Econometric Society et des principales associations scientifiques, n’offrant généralement qu’un unique week-end de sessions parallèles, les Cowles conferences s’étendaient sur une période d’un mois entier, réservant une demijournée à chaque article, en sus de conférences publiques. Les résumés détaillés des articles étaient publiés dans le volume annuel de la conférence, certains soumis dans leur version intégrale à Econometrica (revue bénéficiant alors du soutien financier d’Alfred Cowles). Ces conférences ont attiré d’éminents économistes, venus d’Europe ou des États-Unis. A une époque où les financements publics restaient limités (à l’exception notable du domaine agricole), Alfred Cowles, troisième du nom, a joué un rôle crucial en parrainant le tournant mathématique et statistique en économie, à l’image du rôle joué, aux États-Unis durant les années 1930, par Alfred Loomis dans le champ de la physique. Les Annual Research Conferences on Economics and Statistics patronnées par Cowles ont ainsi permis de rassembler les principaux protagonistes de ce tournant, favorisant des échanges intellectuels approfondis et prolongés. Les années Colorado de la Commission Cowles, par le biais de ses conférences d’été notamment, ont contribué à la création d’une communauté de chercheurs dévoués à « l’avancement de la théorie économique en relation avec les mathématiques et les statistiques », aboutissant à une reconnaissance institutionnelle lors de son déménagement à l’Université de Chicago en 1939, puis à Yale à partir de 1955, sous le nom de Cowles Foundation.
La répartition de la charge de la collecte de l’eau au sein des ménages camerounais
Authors: Totouom Armand
Published: November 2021

Cette étude identifie les déterminants et les effets de la collecte domestique de l’eau au Cameroun suivant le sexe et l’âge. Le résultat des modèles estimés montre que les probabilités de collecte de l’eau par un enfant ou par une femme sont affectées par les caractéristiques socio-économiques et démographiques des ménages, ainsi que par le temps de collecte. Bien plus, l’étude montre que le coût d’opportunité du temps de collecte de l’eau en termes d’éducation pour les enfants et d’emploi pour les femmes reste significatif. Ces résultats en appellent aux politiques favorables à l’extension du raccordement au réseau public des ménages.
L’effet de l’exposition au bois de chauffage sur la santé respiratoire et sur la participation au marché du travail au Cameroun
Authors: Bakehe Novice Patrick
Published: November 2021

À l’aide des données de la quatrième enquête camerounaise auprès des ménages réalisée en 2014, nous analysons si l’exposition à la pollution atmosphérique domestique (PAD) due à l’utilisation de bois-énergie provoque des infections respiratoires et si ces dernières ont des conséquences sur la participation au marché du travail. Pour cela, un modèle probit trivarié a été adopté pour tester l’existence de liens de causalité entre les trois variables endogènes. Nos résultats montrent que l’utilisation du bois-énergie comme principal combustible pour la cuisine augmente le risque d’infection respiratoire chez les femmes et ces infections ont un impact négatif sur la participation au marché du travail.
Liouville type theorems for stable solutions of elliptic system involving the Grushin operator
Authors: Mtiri Foued
Published: November 2021

We examine the following degenerate elliptic system:

   \begin{document}$ -\Delta_{s} u \! = \! v^p, \quad -\Delta_{s} v\! = \! u^\theta, \;\; u, v>0 \;\;\mbox{in }\; \mathbb{R}^N = \mathbb{R}^{N_1}\times \mathbb{R}^{N_2}, \quad\mbox{where}\;\; s \geq 0\;\; \mbox{and} \;\;p, \theta \!>\!0. $\end{document}

We prove that the system has no stable solution provided \begin{document}$ p, \theta >0 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ N_s: = N_1+(1+s)N_2< 2 + \alpha + \beta, $\end{document} where

   \begin{document}$ \alpha = \frac{2(p+1)}{p\theta - 1} \quad\mbox{and} \quad \beta = \frac{2(\theta +1)}{p\theta - 1}. $\end{document}

This result is an extension of some results in [15]. In particular, we establish a new integral estimate for \begin{document}$ u $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ v $\end{document} (see Proposition 1.1), which is crucial to deal with the case \begin{document}$ 0 < p < 1. $\end{document}
The effects of Ganoderma lucidum compound on goat weight and anti-inflammatory: a case study of circular agriculture
Authors: Lin Wen-Hung ,   Department of Biomedical Informatics, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, ROC, Lee Kuo-Hua , Chen Liang-Tu ,   Department of Bioinformatics, Chung-Hua University, Taiwan, ROC,   Continuing Education Program in Management, Chung-Hua University, Taiwan, ROC,   Department of Livestock Technology, Hsin-Chu Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, ROC,   Department of Commerce Automation and Management, National Pingtung University, Taiwan, ROC
Published: November 2021

Green sustainable development is an extremely important concept, and the most representative industry is agriculture. The agricultural industry value chain covers the connotation of green and sustainable innovation. Circular agriculture is a revival of old agricultural practice, and the concept is a combination of crop planting and livestock farming to minimize the losses in the food production chain. This study explores the effects of Ganoderma lucidum compound added in feed on goat weight and anti-inflammatory through a case study. This study uses average weight difference analysis and an independent t-test to verify the goat weight gain and growth, and uses nitric oxide, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and tetrazolium to verify goat health. This study shows that dietary supplementation of the Ganoderma lucidum compound has better performance in weight gain and growth of goats. It also provides a method of reducing antibiotics to promote health and welfare in the goat or even the livestock breeding industry. At the same time, it may help livestock owners to improve management efficiency.
MARnet: multi-scale adaptive residual neural network for chest X-ray images recognition of lung diseases
Authors: Wang Boyang ,   School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Liaoning 114044, China, Zhang Wenyu
Published: November 2021

Chest X-ray image is an important clinical diagnostic reference to lung diseases that is a serious threat to human health. At present, with the rapid development of computer vision and deep learning technology, many scholars have carried out the fruitful research on how to build a valid model for chest X-ray images recognition of lung diseases. While some efforts are still expected to improve the performance of the recognition model and enhance the interpretability of the recognition results. In this paper, we construct a multi-scale adaptive residual neural network (MARnet) to identify chest X-ray images of lung diseases. To make the model better extract image features, we cross-transfer the information extracted by residual block and the information extracted by adaptive structure to different layer, avoiding the reduction effect of residual structure on adaptive function. We compare MARnet with some classical neural networks, and the results show that MARnet achieves accuracy (ACC) of 83.3% and the area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.97 in the identification of 4 kinds of typical lung X-ray images including nodules, atelectasis, normal and infection, which are higher than those of other methods. Moreover, to avoid the randomness of the train-test-split method, 5-fold cross-validation method is used to verify the generalization ability of the MARnet model and the results are satisfactory. Finally, the technique called Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM), is adopted to display significantly the discriminative regions of the images in the form of the heat map, which provides an explainable and more direct clinical diagnostic reference to lung diseases.
Business Model of Palm Oil Smallholding in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Ngadi Ngadi
Published: November 2021

One of the business models that has been developed in the palm oil plantations in Indonesia is the consolidation of the land of smallholders while professionally managed by cooperatives. While there are cooperatives that perform well, some are not so much resulting in the business cease. This chapter aims to analyze a smallholding palm oil business model that consolidates 367 smallholders with a land area of 734 ha in Srimulyo Village, Tungkal Jaya District, South Sumatra. The results of the analysis show that the cooperative in this village has performed well, and the palm oil land has had major productivity. Several factors are associated with the success of the palm oil smallholding business model, such as the trust from members, the cooperative initiatives, and the sustainability of the plantations. In the framework of developing sustainable plantations, this cooperative has received the RSPO certificate. At the same time, the smallholders have also been able to set up savings funds for replanting to be used during the time to rejuvenate plants.
Assistive Technology to Help Students With Disabilities
Authors: Viner Mark , Singh Ajay , Shaughnessy Michael F.
Published: November 2021

This chapter reviews some of the low-tech as well as the high-tech devices available for a wide variety of students with special learning needs. A history of assistive technology devices is explored and defined. Assistive technology has increased in use in recent decades due to accessibility of computers and the digital age. Digital devices such as hand held scanners, online learning environments, and digital resources have changed the educational experiences for students with special needs and disabilities. In response, teacher in-service programs and ongoing professional development programs need to be involved to understand and develop appropriate 21st-century learning opportunities and curricula. Future trends, such as virtual reality (VR) environments, allow opportunities for safe, effective learning. To assist in understanding and choosing the appropriate devices, multiple resources, such as global and national organizations, and online resources are provided.
Game-Based Learning to Enhance the Reading Ability of Children With Autism or Other Learning Difficulties
Authors: Koumpouros Yiannis
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the design of a highly customizable game for children with autism spectrum disorder facing learning difficulties. The same solution can be used for children with or without other developmental disorders facing learning difficulties. The scope of the research was to create a generic solution to facilitate the learning process of reading in the targeted population. The latest pedagogical approaches (TEACCH, PECS, ABA, Makaton, etc.) are combined with appropriate gamification techniques to produce the desired outcome. The game has been developed with the unity game engine in order to run in any device. The final solution has been pilot tested in a small group of highly-functioning children with autism. The results of the design process and the early findings from the pilot testing are presented in the current paper.
Practicing What We Preach
Authors: Kroeger Stephen D. , Gregson Susan A. , Duda Michelle A. , DeJarnette Anna , Breiner Jonathan M. , Atchison Christopher L.
Published: November 2021

Creating inclusive classrooms is a challenge in general education. To prepare new teachers for diverse K-12 classrooms, faculty at one Midwestern university redesigned their education program to prepare preservice teachers for dual licensure in general and special education. The redesign required middle childhood faculty to learn more about complex conceptual frameworks that are prioritized in school districts across the country. One of these, Universal Design for Learning (UDL), became a non-negotiable component of the new program. An essential learning outcome became preparing pre-service teachers to utilize UDL. After the program was approved, content-area faculty questioned whether they were prepared to implement the framework. Having varied expertise in UDL, faculty wondered if they were teaching UDL effectively, and questioned whether they were modeling UDL concepts with fidelity in their own teaching. Thus, the Dual Licensure Implementation Team (DLIT) was born. This case study describes the process and product of the team's effort to implement UDL with fidelity.
On Integrative Bilingual Teaching of a Foreign Language and Engineering at a Technical University
Authors: Krylov Eduard
Published: November 2021

Integrative bilingual teaching/learning of foreign language and engineering disciplines at a technical university provides a good opportunity for students of the personal growth both in cognitive and communicative aspects, which contributes to their better positions in the labor market. To put this opportunity into practice, the educators should have clear ideas about the goal of this educational process, psychological aspects accompanying the process, conditions of its implementation, basic units of teaching/learning, means of monitoring, assessment, and control and some others. All these components of methodology are discussed in this chapter.
Methodology for Developing a Usability Assessment Questionnaire in Spanish as a Bilingual Strategy for Software Improvement
Authors: Bustillos Manuel Alejandro Barajas , Maldonado-Macías Aide Aracely , Arellano Juan Luis Hernández , Sosa Liliana Avelar , Martínez Rosa María Reyes
Published: November 2021

Usability is the characteristic of a software product of being effective and efficient and producing satisfaction for users and traditionally is assessed through questionnaires but most of them are only available in English. A software usability assessment questionnaire (SUAQ) is proposed in two languages: Spanish and English. The methodology comprises four stages: 1) questionnaire development, 2) administration, 3) statistical validation, and 4) sample size determination. Twenty items were evaluated in terms of clarity, consistency, and relevancy. Then, the SUAQ was administered to 95 respondents. Overall, reliability values were acceptable in Spanish and English version, respectively. The factor analysis was feasible since the KMO index, and the Bartlett sphericity test was statistically significant. Both versions of SUAQ were tested to determine their validity. The findings show that the proposed methodology is an effective usability assessment instrument and thus an effective software improvement tool from a bilingual approach.
Bilingual Mental Lexicon and Collocational Processing
Authors: Cangır Hakan
Published: November 2021

The chapter starts with a definition and models of mental dictionary. It then builds on the bilingual lexical activation models and goes on to discuss formulaic language (collocations in particular). After explaining the basics of formulaic language processing, the author attempts to address the issue of lexical and collocational priming theory by Hoey, which has its roots in cognitive linguistics and usage-based language models. Last but not least, some suggestions for future research are provided in an attempt to address the needs of the lexical research literature in the Turkish setting.
Script Identification of Camera Based Bilingual Document Images Using SFTA Features
Authors: Dhandra B.V. , Mallappa Satishkumar , Mukarambi Gururaj
Published: November 2021

In this article, the exhaustive experiment is carried out to test the performance of the Segmentation based Fractal Texture Analysis (SFTA) features with nt = 4 pairs, and nt = 8 pairs, geometric features and their combinations. A unified algorithm is designed to identify the scripts of the camera captured bi-lingual document image containing International language English with each one of Hindi, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, Bengali, Oriya, Punjabi, and Urdu scripts. The SFTA algorithm decomposes the input image into a set of binary images from which the fractal dimension of the resulting regions are computed in order to describe the segmented texture patterns. This motivates use of the SFTA features as the texture features to identify the scripts of the camera-based document image, which has an effect of non-homogeneous illumination (Resolution). An experiment is carried on eleven scripts each with 1000 sample images of block sizes 128 × 128, 256 × 256, 512 × 512 and 1024 × 1024. It is observed that the block size 512 × 512 gives the maximum accuracy of 86.45% for Gujarathi and English script combination and is the optimal size. The novelty of this article is that unified algorithm is developed for the script identification of bilingual document images.
Assessment of EAP Literacies in Diverse and Multilingual Classrooms
Authors: Anand Poonam
Published: November 2021

Older views of the English for Academic Purposes Literacies (EAPL) assessment have been in line with the assessment of the four-skills second language (L2) competencies. However, the new understanding is that literacy is not just a cognitive competence of reading and writing but also a set of other purposeful social processes. This understanding makes EAPL assessment multifaceted by calling upon a set of supra-linguistic behaviors, i.e., cognitive and social skills in addition to L2 competencies. This chapter starts with a brief history and the current state of theoretical constructs (of what is actually assessed) of EAPL assessment. It then centers its discussion on different academic literacies models, and the critical issues in measuring EAPL. The author highlights different strategies for planning assessment in the practical applications of academic literacies constructs. The chapter ends with the presentation of useful steps in creating EAPL assessments.
Bilingual Education From Learner Perspectives
Authors: Ramírez-Verdugo M. Dolores , Gerena Linda
Published: November 2021

The European Commission call to promote early foreign language learning among citizens in member states has led to a major paradigm shift in national and regional educational systems across Europe. The most extended option to make this shift effective has been applying bilingual education models which involve teaching academic subjects in foreign languages. Among those models, the so-called content and language integrated learning (CLIL) approach has been largely implemented in several countries and regions such as Madrid. This chapter gauges students' attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs on bilingual educational programs in Madrid. The findings revealed important issues related to curricular content, methodology and strategies, challenges, and successes of bilingual programs as perceived by students.
Implementation of Multilingual Education for Sustainable Development in the Netherlands and Kazakhstan
Authors: Duisebayeva Fatima , Imasheva Assel
Published: November 2021

The chapter presents a comparative analysis of the implementation of multilingual/bilingual education in Kazakhstan and the Netherlands. The study explores the origin and role of multilingualism, for socio-economic development, relevant regional and international practices in multilingual education, the growth of trilingual instruction, English language training and the use of digital technologies (distant, e-learning programs) in the Eurasian region, Major common features and differences of implementing multilingual/bilingual teaching between the two case studies and the main findings from research trips are identified. A theoretical analysis of scholarly approaches, as well as practical and methodological implications, are made on the example of implementing multilingual instruction at the Kazakhstani agricultural higher educational institutions, particularly Kazakh National Agrarian University and Kazakh S. Seifullin Agritechnical University and Dutch counterparts - Wageningen University, and the Hague University of Applied Sciences.
Plurilingual and Literacy Competencies in Preschool
Authors: Guadamillas Gómez María Victoria
Published: November 2021

This chapter describes a didactic proposal with the main goal of introducing plurilingual and literacy competencies in early school years. Furthermore, the chapter offers a linguistic and intercultural analysis of two picture books that can be used at preschool to promote L2 learning and cultural awareness. Firstly, the legislation regarding preschool is commented on and related to L2 development and acquisition at this stage. Then secondly, children's literature is regarded as an intercultural vehicle and connected to “culture” in a preschool content and language integrated learning (CLIL) setting. Thirdly, two picture books are analysed with respect to their potential as language learning materials and cultural triggers, and finally, some brief reflections are made.
Multilingual Youth Perspectives on Humanizing Core Practices
Authors: Fredricks Daisy E. , Peercy Megan Madigan
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, the authors draw upon the teaching practices multilingual youth identified as important to their learning in the classroom, to add to the field's understanding of core practices for teaching multilingual learners. This qualitative study highlights various strategies that secondary immigrant multilingual youth recommend teachers use when supporting learning in the classroom, some that bolster the existing research base on learning English as an additional language, and others that were relatively new contributions based on youth perspectives. A close examination of the multilingual youth perspectives and experiences has implications for creating and sustaining humanizing and equitable pedagogical practices in the classroom.
City Vertical Gardening
Authors: Geropanta Vasiliki , Ampatzoglou Triantafyllos
Published: November 2021

The countermeasures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic opened discussions regarding their status as temporal or ephemeral as they designated the positive environmental effects of the COVID-19 anthropause. The necessity to think about city transformation in times of environmental and health crises has revealed a number of digital tools and greening practices that might shape new policy and planning models to affront global challenges. Among these tools, a number of ‘urban acupuncture' activities have revealed the role of greening and gardening in urban spaces and how they assist in tackling challenges of environmental sustainability and city resilience. The authors investigate the contribution of vertical gardening (VG) as urban health enhancer and its prospects within smart city. They select and assess two case studies that integrate synergies between VG and machine learning (ML) approaches in an effort to showcase the tools' combined effect in realizing environmental control. These experiments imply hints for potential future research and implementation to broaden environments.
Modeling Digital Healthcare Services Using NLP and IoT in Smart Cities
Authors: Verma Kalpana
Published: November 2021

Smart cities shall have computerized health services to help the treatment of health issues based on a centralized framework. These computerized healthcare services would involve the patient, medical support staff, and doctors. They would have voice recognition clinical staff management, smart health monitoring devices, smart medical reports, and smart medical treatment based on the internet of things (IoT) and natural language processing (NLP). This chapter shall describe the digital healthcare services in the context of NLP and IoT that would help in the improvement of quality of life for people living in smart cities. The authors shall discuss a possible case study on NLP and IoT in digital healthcare in the smart cities.
Bilevel Optimization of Taxing Strategies for Carbon Emissions Using Fuzzy Random Matrix Generators
Authors: Ganesan Timothy , Elamvazuthi Irraivan
Published: November 2021

Bilevel (BL) optimization of taxing strategies in consideration of carbon emissions was carried out in this work. The BL optimization problem was considered with two primary targets: (1) designing an optimal taxing strategy (imposed on power generation companies) and (2) developing optimal economic dispatch (ED) schema (by power generation companies) in response to tax rates. The resulting interaction was represented using Stackelberg game theory – where the novel fuzzy random matrix generators were used in tandem with the cuckoo search (CS) technique. Fuzzy random matrices were developed by modifying certain aspects of the original random matrix theory. The novel methodology was tailored for tackling complex optimization systems with intermediate complexity such as the application problem tackled in this work. Detailed performance and comparative analysis are also presented in this chapter.
A Case Study in Micro-Learning and Alternate Credentials Before Their Time
Authors: Brockerhoff-Macdonald Bettina , Carter Lorraine Mary
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, the journey of how the Cardiac Care on the Web online program came to be will be described, along with how the guiding principles framing the program development and delivery, as applied more than 20 years ago, still hold relevance today. Furthermore, how the program's micro-credential status has been sustained and has paved the way for micro-certifications at Laurentian University today will be discussed. Finally, this case study offers the authors the chance to review past and present literature and to reflect on next steps for Cardiac Care on the Web given the present emergence of micro-credentials in digital format.
Micro Credentialing in the Landscape of Higher Education
Authors: Aruldason Shereena , Edwards Anthony
Published: November 2021

Focusing on micro credentials, which are shorter, industry-specific courses designed to demonstrate competencies in a specific skillset, this chapter aims to contribute by analyzing and assessing the use of micro credentialing in the higher educational landscape. The chapter will begin with an overview of micro course, focusing on their history and current use in higher educational institutions. Next, the chapter will assess the strengths, limitations, and impacts of micro courses. Finally, the chapter will conclude with a reflection on the lessons universities can learn from the existing structures of micro course programing with the aim of providing administrators, instructors, and educators insights into the impacts these courses could have on broader continuing education programs.
Populism, Its Prevalence, and Its Negative Influence on Democratic Institutions
Authors: Lilleker Darren G. , Bene Márton , Balaban Delia Cristina , Fenoll Vicente , Kruschinski Simon
Published: November 2021

Populism is presented as a severe challenge to democracies as it delegitimises the institutions and processes on which democratic society is built. The infectious nature of populism within a system drives a shift in the public mood. The authors investigate this phenomenon through a content analysis of party posts on Facebook during the 2019 European parliamentary elections across 12 countries. They find almost a quarter of posts contain some form of populism, with anti-elitism the most common trope. Populist appeals are most likely to accompany critiques of labour and social policy, labelling elites or minority groups as causing inequalities which disadvantage the ordinary people. Both forms of populism enjoy high levels of user engagement suggesting they gain higher levels of reach within social media platforms. As support for populism rose in the wake of the economic and migrant crises, the authors suggest post-pandemic this increase is likely to continue.