bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SISTEM PAKAR PENENTUAN TREATMENT MASALAH KULIT WAJAH PADA PASIEN NAAVAGREEN CIANJUR MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA DEMPSTER SHAFER
Authors: Widaningsih Resita Agustin
Published: July 2023

Kulit adalah organ yang sangat penting bagi manusia yang berfungsi untuk melindungi dari berbagai macam bahaya luar, kulit juga sebagai indra peraba, mengatur suhu tubuh, serta sebagai pelindung dari organ dalam. Khususnya kulit wajah yang sering mendapat perhatian karena memiliki permukaan lapisan kulit yang tipis, maka dari itu kulit wajah perlu perawatan secara khusus. Treatment atau perawatan wajah merupakan perlakuan, pengobatan, hingga pelayanan,  bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kulit wajah yang sehat, dan terawat. Naavagreen cianjur merupakan klinik kecantikan yang menyediakan jasa konsultasi mengenai masalah kulit wajah, layanan treatment, serta menyediakan skincare. Semakin tingginya minat masyarakat untuk melakukan treatment tidak diimbangi dengan sistem yang baik. Terbatasnya jumlah dokter kulit membuat pasien tidak dilayani secara maksimal. Dengan adanya sistem pakar penentuan treatment masalah kulit wajah pada pasien naavagreen cianjur menggunakan algoritma dempster shafer diharapkandapat membantu pasien naavagreen untuk dapat konsultasi secara online kapanpun dan dimanapun.
BODY CONFORMATION WITH DAILY MILK YIELD RELATIONSHIP ON BUFFALOES
Authors: Alkhateeb A.R. , Ibrahim W. I. , Taha A.A. E.
Published: July 2023

The study aimed to correlate milk yield with the body dimensions of buffaloes, during lactate season 2019, a total of 25 and 47 lactate buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) were chosen randomly from Baghdad and AL-Muthanna province (270km south of Baghdad) respectively. Parameters such as body weight (BW), heart girth (HG), body length (BDL), body height at shoulder (HAS) and daily milk Yield (DMY) were calculated. Phenotypic correlations were positive and highly significant (P≤0.01) between HG, BDL and BW with DMY, while HAS showed non-significant association with DMY. These results could be helpful in the breeding programs for Iraqi buffaloes
DIFFUSE ANXIETY SYNDROME IN THOSE WITH STOMACH ULCERS IN SAMAWA CITY'S
Authors: Sahib A. A. , Hussein K. O. , Hameed D. M. , Salih E. , Kareem H.
Published: July 2023

To examine the prevalence of GAD among people with peptic ulcer disease patients, as well as the sociodemographic differences and risk factors between peptic ulcer disease patients with and without GAD. This research was conducted in Samawa City's Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital. In the examination department, 50 PUD patients (study group) were assessed. A total of 30 individuals (the control group) are chosen at random and matched to the study group's age, gender, educational level, and marital status. In both groups, the diagnosis of GAD was assessed using the right questionnaires. Patients with PUD had considerably higher GAD levels. people with PUD are more likely to have a generalized anxiety disorder, hence these people should have it evaluated. Peptic ulcer condition is often known as GAD (general anxiety disorder).ICD stands for the International Classification of Disease.
EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF Β-GALACTOSIDASE FROM (ZIZIPHUS SPINA-CHRISTI)
Authors: Hussien S. A. , Doosh K. S.
Published: July 2023

β-galactosidase enzyme EC (3.2.1.23), lactase, can be described as an enzyme of glycoside hydrolase which performs the catalyzing of β-galactosides hydrolysis to mono-saccharides by breaking glycosidic bond. The objective of this study was to extraction and purification β-galactosidase from (Ziziphus spina-christi.), ten Different types of extraction were investigated to selection of the best extraction of the enzyme, The Na. phosphate buffer (0.2M and pH6) had given a highest Specific activity of crude enzyme has been 101.36 U/mg. protein. The purification procedures were performed with the use of the precipitation of ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatographic techniques. 70% ammonium sulfate saturation has been the best method for precipitation and partially purification of enzyme with a purification fold 1.34 and enzymatic yield 63.90%. This was followed by the use of ion exchange chromatography by DEAE Sephadex A50 column, the purification times of the enzymatic extract were 2.66, with an enzymatic yield 31.52%. After the final purification step of gel filtration chromatography using SephadexG-100 column, the enzyme has been purified 4.12 fold with 21.91% of enzymatic yield. The optimum enzymatic activity was found at pH 6. The enzyme’s molecular weight has been estimated to 77.53 KD by the gel filtration chromatography method, and 75 kD on SDS-PAGE.
THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF AZOLLA TO MALE BROILERS DIETS IN THE PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Najim Y. S. , Mohammed Th. T. , Hussain F. M.
Published: July 2023

This study was conducted at the Poultry Research Station of the Department of Agricultural Researches / Ministry of Agriculture for the period from 22 to 13 May 2018 which lasted 21 days, using 180 Ross308 male broilers fed on added diets, Azolla used at levels 5, 10, 20 and 30% for T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively, and were compared with the control treatment T1 which is free of Azolla. Each treatment included three replicates (12 birds for each replicate) in order to study the effect of using different levels of Azolla in the production and physiological performance and economic feasibility of male meat broilers. Significant increase (P≤0.05) in average body weight, weight increase, food intake rate, improved food conversion ratio, and production index for the birds of the treatment 5% Azolla compared with control treatment and other treatments. There were no significant differences between the control treatment and experimental treatments in all biochemical characteristics of blood plasma, which included the concentration of glucose, protein, albumin, and globulin, the activity of the liver enzymes ALT and AST, Uric acid, creatine, cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density fatty proteins (VLDL). In conclusion from this study, it is possible to add Azolla to the diet by 5% feed to obtain a positive improvement in the productive performance of broilers and achieve the best economic feasibility.
THE IMPACT OF VARYING AZOLLA DOSAGES ON MALE BROILERS DIETS IN TERMS OF ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY AND PHYSIOLOGIC PERFORMANCE
Authors: Najim Y. S. , Mohammed Th. T. , Hussain F. M.
Published: July 2023

This study was conducted at the Poultry Research Station of the Department of Agricultural Researches / Ministry of Agriculture for the period from 22 to 13 May 2018 which lasted 21 days, using 180 Ross308 male broilers fed on added diets, Azolla was used at levels 5, 10, 20 and 30% for T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, and were compared with the control treatment T1 which is free of Azolla. Each treatment included three replicates (12 birds for each replicate) in order to study the effect of using different levels of Azolla in the production and physiological performance and economic feasibility of male meat broilers. A significant decrease (P≤0.05) in economic feasibility characteristics (cost of initial feed and final feed, and the cost of kilogram of the produced meat and low-cost rate per 100 kg/feed) for all Azolla treatments compared to the control treatment. The treatment of 30% Azolla had the most significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the percentage of feed cost compared to the control treatment and other experimental treatments. We conclude from this study that it is possible to add Azolla to the diet by 5% feed to obtain a positive improvement in the productive performance of broilers and achieve the best economic feasibility.
Pelatihan Pengembangan Pembelajaran Literasi Numerasi Sejak Dini Pada Guru di KB TK Tunas Sumber Jaya
Authors: Nafisah Durrotun , Rachma Evi Aulia , Kuswanto  , Nurdiana Ratna , Youhanita Ety , Astutik Nur Fithria Wiji , Eryadini Ninies
Published: July 2023

Program Pengabdian Masyarakat bertujuan untuk memenuhi Tri Dharma perguruan Tinggi. Keunggulan program ini salah satunya membantu paguyuban dalam mengatasi masalah yang sedang terjadi. Permasalahan yang terjadi yaitu lemahnya pembelajaran literasi numerasi khususnya di Kelompok Belajar Taman Kanak-Kanak. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan pembelajaran literasi numerasi pada guru di KB TK Tunas Sumber Jaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi numerasi pada anak-anak usia dini karena pendidikan Taman Kanak-Kanak  merupakan pondasi dasar yang sangatlah penting bagi proses perkembangan anak, sehingga sudah selayaknya anak mendapatkan fasilitas dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan di setiap perkembangannya. Rancangan prosedur kegiatan program PKM yang diusulkan dalam usulan ini meliputi tahapan: (1) persiapan; (2) pelaksanaan; dan (3) observasi serta evaluasi. Kesimpulan dari pengabdian menunjukkan pemahaman & keterampilan pembelajaran literasi numerasi guru KB TK Tunas Sumber Jaya mengalami peningkatan. Anak didik sangat senang, karena kegiatan literasi, numerasi dan life skill disampaikan guru dengan cara yang menyenangkan, mudah, menarik, dan menantang pemahaman anak.
Edukasi Tentang Makanan Cepat Saji dan Dampak Kesehatan Pada Masyarakat Urban Kota Makassar
Authors: Nur Nur Hamdani , Syamsul Muharti , Wijaya Ivan , Anirwan Anirwan , Taufik Akbar , Shahnyb Nurafni
Published: July 2023

Makanan cepat saji merupakan makanan yang mengandung tinggi kalori, tinggi lemak dan rendah serat. Konsumsi tinggi makanan cepat saji dapat menyebabkan obesitas karena kandungan dari makanan cepat saji tersebut. Tingginya perilaku masyarakat mengkonsumsi makanan siap saji tentunya sangat mengancam bagi kondisi kesehatatan masyarakat yang ada di kota maupun desa. Hal ini dikarenakan pengetahuan dan sikap pola makan masyarakat mengenai akibat mengkonsumsi makanan siap saji sangat minim. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang makanan siap saji dan dampak kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan metode penyuluhan serta pembagian brosur. Keberhasilan kegiatan pengabdian dilihat dari tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat sebelum (pre-test) dan sesudah (post-test) penyuluhan dan pembagian brosur. Hasil pendataan menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat setelah penyuluhan dan pembagian brosur. Terdapat 16 dari 25 responden telah terkategori baik sebelum penyluhan (pre-test) meningkat menjadi 21 (86%) setelah penyuluhan (post-test). Demikian juga pada responden yang diberikan brosur, meningkat dari 34 (58%) responden dengan kategori baik menjadi 42 (70%) responden. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan penyuluhan dan pemberian informasi melalui brosur dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang makanan siap saji dan dampaknya terhadap Kesehatan masyarakat.
Leader’s Creativity Effects towards Organizational Creativity
Authors: Alfarsi Saleh Salim
Published: July 2023

Organizational creativity seems to be a very important factor that dictates the success of an organization in the present time. Hence, the main question in this study involves determining which factors would help in making an organization become very creative. Quantitative method as the main research design is implemented here. The questionnaire method was the main data collection method used. In this study, the researcher used Omantel, a mobile telecommunications company in Oman and 200 respondents were selected to participate in this research using the probability sampling technique. In particular, the researcher wanted to show that organizational creativity can be influenced by the creative behavior of a leader, the openness of a leader and a creative work environment created by a leader. The empirical findings revealed that creative behavior of leaders, the openness of a leader and the creative work environment are statistically significant towards organizational creativity. However, the impact of leaders’ creativity is higher than other two factors.
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Job-Based and Organizational Psychological Ownership of Employees in the Public Sector of Mauritius
Authors: Jawaheer Maryam
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Emotional Intelligence on Psychological Ownership of employees in the public sector of Mauritius. A quantitative method has been used in this study using questionnaire as instrument. A sample of 155 employees working in the public sector of Mauritius using snowball sampling method were targeted to participate in this study. Data collection took place during August 2017. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, a Pearson correlation analysis and a multiple regression analysis. The key findings are moderate levels of Emotional Intelligence and job-based and organizational Psychological Ownership. A significant positive relationship between Emotional Intelligence and job-based Psychological Ownership has been obtained. No relationship was found between Emotional Intelligence and organization-based Psychological Ownership. Furthermore, the impact of Emotional Intelligence and job-based Psychological Ownership was computed. Managing others’ emotions and utilization of emotions dimensions of Emotional Intelligence were found to have the largest impact on job-based Psychological Ownership.
A Conceptual Argument on the Digital Resilience Capability within the Developing and Developed Countries
Authors: Datti Lakshmi Chaitanya , Kuppusamy Mudiarasan
Published: July 2023

Businesses have been dynamically and quickly changing for centuries, largely due to technological improvements. Around the world, intelligent, digital, and integrated representations of technology are proliferating (Panetta, 2018). The Internet of Things (IoT), Virtual human-machine interfaces, and artificial intelligence are examples of cutting-edge business technologies that have substantial growth potential (Brynjolfsson, Hui, and Liu, 2019; Briggs and Buchholz, 2019). However, if a firm is not digitally structured and transformed for this purpose, it will be difficult for technology-driven growth to have the most impact on enterprises. To increase productivity and efficiency, digital transformation requires integrating information, infrastructure, processes, and people with digital aspects and procedures. An excellent example of digital transformation may be seen in the situations of LEGO and Starbucks. After reorganizing and going digital, LEGO climbed the value chain due to this new revenue stream from movies, mobile games, and mobile applications. Starbucks put a premium on customers’ loyalty to create a digitalized customer experience. By offering a simple and convenient purchasing experience, the mobile order and pay app became their main digital transformation objective (Anthony et al, 2020). In essence, digital transformation enabled new economic value exchange and competitive advantage for organizations like Starbucks and LEGO (Walsh, 2017). These and many other digital transformation stories transpire macro or national-level spillovers, with the government of the day being the driving force.
Digital Resilience Capability for Pervasive Digital Transformation: A Framework Notation
Authors: Kuppusamy Mudiarasan
Published: July 2023

Digital transformation is inevitable and happening at different scales and scopes. At a higher-order level, digital transformation proliferates changes in society and industries through agile customer experience and enhanced business capabilities. It is not merely about technology adoption and use but also entails a strategic mindset to reimagine and reinvent the core business.
History, paradigms, perspectives and features of the study of minority governments in contemporary political science: theoretical and methodological context
Authors:   Akademia Nauk Stosowanych Gospodarki Krajowej, Panczak-Białobłocka Nadija
Published: July 2023

The article deals with the consideration and systematisation of the history, paradigms, perspectives and features of the study of minority governments in contemporary political science, in particular in the theoretical and methodological context. The author found that the number of scientific and theoretical researches devoted to minority governments is directly proportional to the number of empirical cases of minority governments in different countries. It was stated that all researches on minority governments should be divided into three clusters or groups: from the standpoint of the theory and tradition of rational choice, from the standpoint of the new institutionalism approach and from the standpoint of party theory. In view of this, it was argued that the studies of minority governments are basically determined by a combination of differ- ent theoretical and methodological paradigms, which focus on outlining the various factors of formation and functioning of minority governments. Among them, the article highlighted such as: strategic factors that outline the electoral prospects of various political actors; institutional factors that are determined primarily by the peculiarities of parliamentary norms and procedures and the parameters of their implementation; structural factors that are described by intra-party and inter-party interactions of different parties.
Income tax as a component of financial capacity of new amalgamated communities in Ukraine
Authors: Pavlovych Liudmyla , Nikiforov Petro
Published: July 2023

The influence of the state tax mechanism on the formation of the income part of communities is substantiated. It is noted that the decentralization reform largely shifts the provision of social services and ensuring the quality of life of its citizens to local governments. It is established that on the way to achieving the independence of territorial communities there are obstacles at the national and local levels. In order to establish a correlation between the effectiveness of the tax mechanism of regulating the income of the population and the financial capacity of local communities, the regulatory framework and taxation practices in EU countries were studied. The budget-forming role of personal income taxes in the formation of local budget revenues has been established. The shortcomings of the modern tax mechanism for regulating the income of the population have been identified and directions for its improvement have been proposed.
Classified methods of collecting information on the citizens –comparative legal study of invigilation in Poland
Authors:   Akademia Nauk Stosowanych Gospodarki Krajowej, Rogala-Lewicki Adam
Published: July 2023

Classified methods of obtaining information should be secured with a higher degree of caution and civil supervision. The paradox of Western democracies is that officially human rights are at the epicenter of the legal system, but in reality, covert techniques for obtaining data about citizens are complex and used to such an extent that they clearly disregard the universal right to privacy. In order to recognize the secret activity of intelligence services as compliant with the requirements of a democratic rule of law, there must be an adequate legal protection tools that will allow effective counteracting information arbitrariness. Meanwhile, the cases of recent years indicate the dominant trend of extending the sphere of competences of state services in the field of obtaining data (most often under the guise of ensuring security) with interference to the private domain of citizens.
Features and types of governmental cabinets as descriptors of semi-presidential system of government in European countries
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lytvyn Vitaliy
Published: July 2023

The article deals with the essence and attributes of semi-presidential system of government, mainly in European countries, in particular on the basis of outlining and operationalising the features and types of governmental cabinets as a descriptor of semi-presidentialism. On this basis, the author found a correlation between the influence of the institutions of the head of state and parliament on the formation of different types of governmental cabinets in countries with semi-presidential system of government.It is clear that party governmental cabinets (primarily majority, not minority ones and coalition rather than single-party ones), which are the predominant characteristic of the countries whose political regimes are democratic ones, are dominant in European semi-presidential countries. Instead, non-party governmental cabinets are rare and are the characteristic of semi-presidential countries with mainly undemocratic (autocraticor hybrid) political regimes (including presidential or president-oriented governmental cabinets), but less often with democratic political regimes (particularly as technocratic governmental cabinets).
To determine the indicators and format of the regional, regionalized and local party in Ukraine
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Romanyuk Anatoliy ,   Akademia Nauk Stosowanych Gospodarki Krajowej
Published: July 2023

It has been proved that the reason for the division into national and non-national parties is the level of support in the parliamentary elections. The main criteria for selecting regional political parties have been clarified and the compliance of the current political parties with the indicated indicators has been analyzed. As for parties that are running in parliamentary elections but have limited territorial support, it has been suggested to use the regionalized definition. Ac- cording to the results of the local 2020 elections in Ukraine, the phenomenon of local political parties has been considered, the main varieties have been singled out and the factors of their formation have been outlined. The broad and narrow understanding of the regional party in Ukraine has been outlined.
Political preferences of Ukrainian national minority in Poland in 2001-2011 parliamentary elections on the basis of national census
Authors: Lopata Maryan , Halushchak Mykhailo
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this paper is to describe, characterize and explain the election results of major political parties and voting behavior of Ukrainian national minority in Poland in the parliamentary elections to the lower chamber of polish parliament – Sejm. In the study were taken into consideration four elections – elections to the parliament in 2001, 2005, 2007 and 2011. Selected elections were taken into account due the temporal proximity to National Census in 2002 and 2011. The hypothesizes of the research is that Ukrainian national minority could have distinct voting behavior from their region of permanent living and voted obviously for more liberal, centrist or leftist parties rather than for far-right and right political parties.
Legal basis for regulating migration and migration processes in the European Union on the eve of the European “migration crisis”
Authors:   Akademia Nauk Stosowanych Gospodarki Krajowej, Białobłocki Krzysztof
Published: July 2023

The article deals with analyses and structuration of the legal framework for regulating migration and migration processes in the European Union on the eve of the European “migration crisis”. This is researched in view of the fact that the migration processes in the region have intensified and began to manifest themselves in an extraordinary variety of forms dur- ing the recent decades. The author found that the legal framework for regulating migration and migration processes in the European Union, in particular in retrospective and prognostic sections and mainly on the eve of the European “migration crisis” (i.e. until 2014–2015), was mostly gradually liberalized and simplified, although it provided for greater responsibility. Accondignly, the legal or political and legal specifics of the regulation of migration and migration processes in the EU were one of the factors that contributed or did not prevent the beginning and intensification of the European “migration crisis” in 2014–2015.
Party determinants of formation, functioning and stability of governmental cabinets in parliamentary democracies: theoretical and methodological cut
Authors:   Akademia Nauk Stosowanych Gospodarki Krajowej, Białobłocka Sławomira , Ancerowicz Aleksandra ,   Akademia Nauk Stosowanych Gospodarki Krajowej
Published: July 2023

The article is theoretically and methodologically dedicated to analyzing party factors of formation, functioning and stability of governmental cabinets in parliamentary democracies. This task proved to be relevant at the background of the fact that party governments are usually formed and function in countries that are institutionally defined as parliamentary democracies, even regardless of their systems of government. In view of this, governmental cabinets as the top executive in such countries are inevitably and typically marked and characterized by the influence of party factors that outline the parameters of formation, functioning and stability of governments in different parliamentary democracies. The author found that the attributes of party systems, including electoral volatility and party fractionalization, as well as the desire of parties to achieve the status of minimally winning governmental cabinets, have the greatest impact on the formation, functioning, responsibility and stability of governments. At the same time, it was stated that the party determination of the processes of government formation, functioning, responsibility and stability, although it is amenable to averaging, should not be unidirectional, as it is additionally determined by national and regional, including institutional, specifics.
Institutional and non-institutional preconditions and features of the origin and endogeneity of electoral systems: theoretical and methodological contexts
Authors:   Akademia Nauk Stosowanych Gospodarki Krajowej, Moszczyńska Aneta
Published: July 2023

The article is dedicated to theoretical and methodological outlining and analysis of institutional and non-institutional preconditions and features of the origin and endogeneity of electoral systems. It was stated that at the present stage of the development of Political Science this issue needs its “restoration”, “revival” or “renewal” given the fact that today, especially with the beginning of the “third wave” of democratization and the processes in contrast, including autocratisation of a number of countries of the world, there is a diversification of institutional and non-institutional factors, preconditions and features of the origin and endogeneity of electoral systems. The author found that the factors of the origin and endogeneity of electoral systems, on the one hand, should be divided into institutional and non-institutional ones, and on the other hand – into historical, political, social, economic, technocratic, external and accidental ones.
The influence of elections and electoral systems on the nationalization and/or denationalization of regional political process: theorization and empirical manifestations on the example of Poland and Hungary
Authors:   Akademia Nauk Stosowanych Gospodarki Krajowej, Białobłocki Zbigniew
Published: July 2023

The article theorizes and offers empirical manifestations of the impact of elections and electoral systems on the nationalization and/or denationalization of regional political process, in particular on the example of Poland and Hungary. It is argued that regional elections in these countries are mostly nationalized, albeit on the basis of different instruments.At the same time, it is noted that parties in Poland and Hungary mostly use national schemes to promote their party brands and make adjustments into regional electoral campaigns, mainly under the influence of significant regional peculiarities. However, the most important thing is that the type and features of electoral systems used in a country at both regional and national level shave a significant or decisive influence on the phenomenon of nationalization of regional political process. On the other hand, it is found that the process of regionalization of regional political process in Poland and Hungary is insignificant and is characterized only by personification and departyzation of regional political space and process. Accordingly, regional elections in the analyzed countries are regarded and positioned as second-tier elections, both in importance and consequences.
The consequences and effects of modernization and development of transport logistics, infrastructure and system in the countries of the Visegrad group: theoretical and practical contexts
Authors:   Akademia Nauk Stosowanych Gospodarki Krajowej, Białobłocka Magdalena
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to analyzing and systematizing the effects and consequences of modernization and development of transport logistics, infrastructure and system in the Visegrad countries, in particular at theoretical and practical levels. It was argued that investing in the transport system and infrastructure in the Visegrad Group countries has effectively and variably affected the level of trade activity and exports, the overall level of in- vestment and capital activity of countries, the transportation volumes, and thus the income, gross product and inflation fluctuations. However, the countries of the Visegrad Group have historically been characterized by the lagging behind investment in transport from the European average indicators. In general, it was found that modernization and development of transport logistics, infrastructure and systems in the Visegrad Group countries during the late 20 – early 21 century have significant consequences that differ from the consequences of transport development for most of the 20 century. As a result, it gave sufficient grounds to state that transport logistics, infrastructure and system in the Visegrad Group countries, although characterized by significant modernization effects, still have significant gaps in their development that need to be solved.
Theoretical and Methodological Grounds of Public Opinion Research in Ukraine
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Slipetska Julija
Published: July 2023

The article describes the main approaches of understanding public opinion, its structure, psychological, ethical and relationalist interpretations, as well as functions. The article reveals us the stages of public opinion development, shows which methods of its research are the best, determining the relation between quantitative and qualitative methods of its study. The relation between dynamic and static approach in the development of public opinion, balance between rationality and social control, as well as public opinion as a social institution, control and activity are shown in this article.
Conditionality, factors and indicators of heterogeneity and typologization of semi-presidential system of government
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lytvyn Vitaliy
Published: July 2023

The article is dedicated to analyzing the conditionality, factors and indicators of heterogeneity and typologization of semi-presidential system of government. Attention is focused on the fact that semi-presidentialism is formally (institutionally and procedurally) and factually (politically and behaviorally) a heterogeneous system of government, and therefore it must be subjected to a comprehensive typologization and taxonomy. Since different types of semi-presidentialism, having positives (advantages) and negatives (disadvantages) and generating different risks and prospects, have dissimilar effects on inter-institutional relations, political process, dynamics of political regime change, political stability and socio-economic efficiency. In this regard, the author singled out the main taxonomies of semi-presidentialism into: president-parliamentarism and premier-presidentialism; unified majority system, divided majority system, divided minority system and unified minority system; presidentialized (highly presidentialized), premierized (parliamentarized) and balanced semi-presidentialism. In addition, the article traces the clusters of typologizations of semi-presidentialism and different approaches to their content. Therefore, it is argued that hypothetically there is no reason to speak of any established and perfect model of semi-presidentialism, even if it is concentrated in one region or one part of the world. Consequently, it makes no sense to compare semi-presidentialism as a whole, but instead it is much more efficient to appeal to its formal, factual and both formal and factual types/attributes as well as to political and socio-economic consequences caused by them.
Features of electoral volatility at the regional level in Ukraine according to the results of the parliamentary elections of 2012/2014 and 2014/2019
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Romanyuk Anatoliy
Published: July 2023

The electoral volatility at the national level based on the results of the 2012/2014 and 2014/2019 parliamentary elections in terms of general, intra-systemic and non-systemic volatility has been analyzed. The features of three types of electoral volatility at the level of the main regions of Ukraine: West, Center, South and East have been investigated. The importance of party preferences of regions in the context of electoral volatility has been outlined. The method of the total electoral volatility calculating using the M. Pedersen index and intra-system and extra-system volatility on the basis of the indices modified by E. Powell and D. Tucker have been worked out. The drawing on the analysis of the results of opinion polls, the grounds / motives for changing electoral support have been considered.
Immigration processes in Slovakia and the Czech Republic: profiles, similarities and differences
Authors:   Akademia Nauk Stosowanych Gospodarki Krajowej, Białobłocki Krzysztof
Published: July 2023

The article is dedicated to theoretical and methodological analysis of the institutional factors and dimensions of stability of governments and political systems. Among them, attention was mainly focused on the peculiarities of the correlation of political and governmental stability with the parameters and types of political regimes (i.e. democratic, autocratic and hybrid ones), forms and systems of government (including presidential, parliamentary and mixed ones) and party and electoral systems. In general, it was found that among the factors that directly and indirectly affect the stability of governments and the stability of political systems in general, it is necessary to distinguish political, socio-economic, moral, ideological, socio-cultural ones, which can be combined and structured into institutional and non-institutional based on the variability of their relationship and mutual influence.
The influence of elections and electoral systems on the nationalization and/or denationalization of regional political process: theorization and empirical manifestations on the example of Poland and Hungary
Authors: Cholovska Oleksandra
Published: July 2023

The article theorizes and offers empirical manifestations of the impact of elections and electoral systems on the nationalization and/or denationalization of regional political process, in particular on the example of Poland and Hungary. It is argued that regional elections in these countries are mostly nationalized, albeit on the basis of different instruments.At the same time, it is noted that parties in Poland and Hungary mostly use national schemes to promote their party brands and make adjustments into regional electoral campaigns, mainly under the influence of significant regional peculiarities. However, the most important thing is that the type and features of electoral systems used in a country at both regional and national level shave a significant or decisive influence on the phenomenon of nationalization of regional political process. On the other hand, it is found that the process of regionalization of regional political process in Poland and Hungary is insignificant and is characterized only by personification and departyzation of regional political space and process. Accordingly, regional elections in the analyzed countries are regarded and positioned as second-tier elections, both in importance and consequences.
5977 Sayılı Biyogüvenlik Kanunu Kapsamında Temel Esaslar ve Hukuki Sorumluluk
Authors: DOĞAN Beşir Fatih , IŞIKTAŞ Esra
Published: July 2023

Biyoteknoloji teknik, uygulama ve ürünlerinin insan sağlığı, çevre ve biyoçeşitlilik üzerinde faydalı etkileri olmakla birlikte zarara yol açabilecek muhtemel riskleri de bulunmaktadır. Ülkeler tarafından, biyogüvenliğin sağlanması için bu alandaki faaliyetler bir hukuki zemin üzerine inşa edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ülkemizde bu doğrultuda 2010 yılında 5977 sayılı Biyogüvenlik Kanunu kabul edilmiştir. Kanun, Cartagena Biyogüvenlik Protokolü ve AB Direktif’i gereklerine büyük ölçüde uyumlu olmakla birlikte, bazı hükümlerin çelişkili olduğu, ihtiyatlılık ilkesinden uzaklaştığı, kullanılan ifadelerin tam olarak anlaşılamadığı ve doktrinde tartışıldığı görülmektedir.
Çalışmamızda; biyogüvenlik ile ilgili uluslararası ve ulusal düzenlemelerin ele alındıktan sonra, 5977 sayılı Biyogüvenlik Kanun kapsamındaki temel esaslar ve hukuki sorumluluk hükümleri üzerinde durularak, uygulama ve doktrindeki tartışmalı noktaların değerlendirilmesi ve Kanundaki eksik yönlere ilişkin öneriler sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Analytische Konfliktlösung bei Infrastrukturprojekten
Authors: HAMANN Hartmut , BULKA Olesya
Published: July 2023

Infrastrukturprojekte wie beispielsweise Flughäfen, Bahnhöfe und Bahnstrecken, Autobahnen oder neue Stadtteile werden in der Regel nicht von einem Unternehmen errichtet, sondern von mehreren Unternehmen, die sich für die Errichtung zusammenschließen. Notwendig werden Gesellschaftsverträge, die die Zusammenarbeit dieser Unternehmen regeln (Konsortialverträge, Joint Venture Verträge). Notwendig werden außerdem Verträge zur Planung und Errichtung der Bauvorhaben. Auftraggeber sind häufig staatliche Institutionen, auch wenn sie in privatrechtlicher Rechtsform organisiert sind. Infrastrukturprojekte haben schon deshalb regelmäßig eine politische Dimension. Hinzu kommt, dass Bürger als Steuerzahler und als Nutzer betroffen sind.
Almanya’da Yardımlı İntihar
Authors: KAYACAN Derya Nur
Published: July 2023

Son dönemlerde sıklıkla tartışılan ölme hakkı, kişisel özerkliğe verilen önemin artmasıyla özel yaşama saygı hakkının sınırlarının yeniden tanımlamaya çalışma çabasıdır. Özel yaşama saygının bir boyutu olarak değerlendirilen kendi geleceğini belirleme hakkı ile yaşam hakkının çatışması olan ölme hakkından, kişinin kendi özgür iradesi ile yaşamını bir başkasının eliyle (ötanazi) ya da yardımıyla (yardımlı intihar) sonlandırması anlaşılır. Ölme hakkının en liberal şekilde uygulama bulduğu ülkelere komşu olan Almanya’da bu hakkın hukuki durumu belirsizliklere çevrilidir. Ceza Kanunu’nda ötanazi açıkça suç teşkil ederken ne intiharı ne de intihara yardımı suç olarak tanımlayan Almanya, İsviçre’de oldukça popüler yardımlı intihar organizasyonlarının kanundaki boşluktan faydalanarak Almanya’da faaliyetlerini artırmalarının önüne geçmek istemiştir. Böylelikle 2015’te Ceza Kanunu’na sistemli bir şekilde sağlanan intihar yardımını suç olarak tanımlayan madde 217 eklenmiş, fakat 5 yıl yürürlükte kaldıktan sonra 2020’de Federal Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin anayasaya aykırılık kararı ile iptal edilmiştir. Her ne kadar organizasyonlar düşünülerek düzenlenmişse de, 217. madde doktorları da etkilemektedir. Doktorlar, görevleri gereği ciddi şekilde acı çeken ve hastalığa daha fazla tahammül etmek istemeyip ölmeyi tercih eden hastalardan gelen ölme isteklerinin ilk muhatabıdır. Ölme hakkının tıp biliminden bağımsız düşünülmesi mümkün değildir. Dolayısıyla tıp camiasının ölme hakkına yaklaşımı oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bir doktorun kariyeri boyunca birden fazla kez yaşamını sonlandırmak için yardım isteyen hastayla karşılaşması olağandır. Bu durumda doktorun birden fazla hastasının intiharına yardım etmesi sistemli sayılarak madde 217 altında suç teşkil edecek midir? Maddenin iptal edilmesiyle bu sorunun cevabının çok bir ehemmiyeti kalmasa da, tıp mesleğini düzenleyen diğer kanun ve tıbbi etik kurallar altında doktorun yardımlı intiharda rol alıp alamayacağı yine belirsizliklerle çevrili olagelmiştir. Fakat Federal Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin açıkça ölme hakkını genel kişilik hakkının bir uzantısı olarak kabul etmesiyle, kişilerin bu haklarını tasarruf edebilmeleri için gerekli düzenlemeler yapılmalı ve doktorların yardımlı intihardaki rolleriyle ilgili belirsizlikler kanun koyucu tarafından giderilmelidir.
Taşıma Senedi ile Yük Senedine İlişkin Türk Ticaret Kanunu Hükümlerinin Alman Ticaret Kanunu Hükümleriyle Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: OYAL Ahmet Batuhan
Published: July 2023

6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nda taşıma senedi, mülgâ 6762 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu’ndan farklı olarak mehaz Alman Ticaret Kanunu hükümlerine paralel olarak bir ispat senedi olarak düzenlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte Alman Ticaret Kanunu’nun 443. ilâ 448. maddelerinde düzenlenmiş olan yük senedi (Ladeschein), Türk Ticaret Kanunu’na alınmamıştır. Alman Ticaret Kanunu’nda yük senedi, taşıma senedinden farklı olarak, hamiline taşıyıcı tarafından taşınan eşyanın teslim edilmesini talep etme hakkı veren ve nama, emre veya hamiline yazılı şekilde düzenlenmesi mümkün olan bir kıymetli evraktır. Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 859. maddesinde düzenlenmiş olan yük senedi, mehaz Alman Ticaret Kanunu’ndaki yük senediyle aynı kavramı ifade etmez. Türk karayoluyla eşya taşıma hukukunda eşyayı temsil eden bir kıymetli evrakın kanunen düzenlenmiş olmaması, karayoluyla yapılan eşya taşımalarına ilişkin düzenlemelerin mehazı niteliğinde olan Alman Ticaret Kanunu’ndan Türk Ticaret Kanunu’na alınmış olan bazı düzenlemeler bakımından sorun yaratmaktadır. Ayrıca karayoluyla yapılan taşımalar daha kısa sürede tamamlandığından tarihsel olarak eşya taşıma hâlindeyken, eşya üzerinde tasarrufta bulunulmasına ihtiyaç duyulmamıştır. Ancak değişik türde araçlarla yapılan taşımalara da Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun eşya taşınmasına ilişkin hükümlerinin uygulanması, ayrıca küreselleşen ticaret hayatında emtia fiyatlarının günlük ve hatta saatlik olarak değişmesi nedeniyle, taşıma süresinden bağımsız olarak eşya taşıma hâlindeyken de eşya üzerinde tasarrufta bulunmasını mümkün kılacak ve eşyayı temsil eden kıymetli evrak niteliğini haiz bir taşıma belgesine olan ihtiyaç artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun taşıma senedine ve yük senedine ilişkin hükümleri bu doğrultuda mehaz Alman Ticaret Kanunu’nu hükümleriyle karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenecektir.
1998 Tarihli Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Roma Statüsü’nün Konu Bakımından Yargı Yetkisine İlişkin Hükümlerinin Kimyasal Silahlar Açısından Yorumlanması
Authors: UÇAR Mustafa
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışmanın konusunu kimyasal silahların Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin yargı yetkisi dahilinde olup olmadığı sorunu oluşturmaktadır. Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’ni kuran 1998 tarihli Roma Statüsü’nün mahkemenin konu bakımından yetkisini düzenleyen hükümleri arasında kimyasal silahlar terimine açıkça yer verilmemiştir. Kimyasal silahlar terimine açıkça yer verilmemesinin haricinde asıl tartışma konusu, bu terimin Statü’nün taslak maddelerinde yer almasına rağmen metnin son halinden çıkarılmasıdır. Bu da taraf devletlerin kimyasal silah kullanımını bilinçli olarak cezasız bırakıp bırakmadığı tartışmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu tartışma da uluslararası antlaşmaların yorumu ve bu yorumda hazırlık çalışmalarının ne ölçüde kullanılabileceği problemi ile doğrudan ilgilidir. Çalışmada hazırlık çalışmalarından, Statü’ye taraf devletlerin kimyasal silahları Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin yargı yetkisi kapsamı dışında bıraktıkları sonucunun çıkarılıp çıkarılamayacağı ve Statü’nün 8. maddesinin kimyasal silahları kapsadığı şekilde yorumlanıp yorumlanamayacağı konusu açıklığa kavuşturulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Die gesellschaftsrechtlichen Nebenvereinbarungen
Authors: DEMİR Koray
Published: July 2023

Die gesellschaftsrechtlichen Nebenvereinbarungen entwickelten sich ab 1980er Jahren in der Praxis und unter dem Einfluss des Anglo- Amerikanischen Rechts.1 Die 1980er Jahre sind diejenige, in denen der türkische Markt sich gegenüber den ausländischen Investoren mehr und mehr eröffnete und zwischen den einheimischen und ausländischen Unternehmern allmählich Kooperationen stattfanden. Die ersten Beispiele der gesellschaftsrechtlichen Nebenvereinbarungen sind dementsprechend im Zusammenhang mit solchen Kooperationsverträgen zu beobachten.
Teknoloji Transferi Sözleşmeleri Örneğinde Götürü Tazminat ve Ceza Koşulu Hükümlerinin Anglo Sakson ve Türk Hukuku Perspektifinden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BAŞAR Mükerrem Onur
Published: July 2023

Türkiye’nin de dâhil olduğu Kara Avrupası hukuk sistemi ile Anglo Sakson hukuk sistemi arasındaki yaklaşım farklılıkları, teknolojinin ve internetin gelişimi ile birlikte, özellikle teknoloji transferini konu alan ticari ilişkilerde kullanılan sözleşmelerde, daha da belirgin bir hal almaktadır. Her ikisi de sözleşme özgürlüğü prensibini esas almasına rağmen, Kara Avrupası hukuk sisteminin, sözleşmelerde ceza koşuluna yer verme hususundaki liberal yaklaşımı ile Anglo Sakson hukukunun ceza koşulunu yasaklayıcı bakış açısı, anılan iki hukuk sisteminin bu konudaki önemli bir yaklaşım farklılığını ortaya koymaktadır. Diğer yandan, Anglo Sakson hukukunda yer alan cezalandırıcı tazminat düzenlemelerine -kural olarak- Kara Avrupası hukuk sistemlerinde yer verilmiyor olması, iki hukuk sistemi arasında bu konuda mevcut olan önemli bir diğer ayrışmayı oluşturmaktadır.
Das türkische Datenschutzrecht im Überblick - Gemeinsamkeiten und wesentliche Unterschiede zur Rl 95/46 Und zur DSGVO in Theorie und Praxis
Authors: ÇEKİN Mesut Serdar
Published: July 2023

Der Schutz personenbezogener Daten hat in der Türkei keine so lange Tradition im Vergleich zur Europäischen Union mit ihren allgemeinen1 und sektorspezifischen2 oder der USA mit ihren hauptsächlich sektorspezifischen und in letzter Zeit allgemeinen Regelungen3. Datenschutz war zunächst Gegenstand einer gesetzlichen Regelung im reformierten türkischen Strafgesetzbuch4 aus dem Jahr 2004, fand sodann im Jahr 2010 als Grundrecht Eingang in die türkische Verfassung in Art. 20 Abs. 35. Für die Einführung eines allgemeinen Gesetzes bedurfte es weitere sechs Jahre, als schließlich im März 2016, also kurz vor der Publikation der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (‚DSGVO‘) im Europäischen Amtsblatt, das türkische Datenschutzgesetz6 (‚tDSG‘), welches im Wesentlichen noch auf die Datenschutzrichtlinie 95/46 (‚RL‘) basiert, schließlich veröffentlicht wurde. Sodann wurde eine Umsetzungsfrist von zwei Jahren vorgesehen.
İcbar Suretiyle İrtikâp Suçu (TCK m. 250/1)
Authors: ÇINAR İsmail
Published: July 2023

İcbar suretiyle irtikâp suçu (TCK m. 250/1) bağımsız bir irtikâp suçudur. Suç tanımına göre suçun oluşabilmesi için kamu görevlisi fail, görevinin sağladığı nüfuzu kötüye kullanmak suretiyle kendisine veya başkasına yarar sağlanmasına ya da bu yönde vaatte bulunulmasına bir kimseyi icbar etmelidir. Kamu görevlileri tarafından işlenebilen bu suçun en belirgin özelliği, kamu görevlisinin çıkar elde etmeye yönelik olarak mağdura icbarda bulunmasıdır. Bu özellik suçu özellikle rüşvet ve yağma suçları ile karıştırılma ihtimali olan bir suça dönüştürmektedir. İcbar suretiyle irtikâp suçunun benzer suçlardan ayırt edilebilmesi için unsurlarının net olarak belirlenmesi gerekir. Bu vesileyle suç tipi özelinde gündeme gelen ve diğer suçlarla karıştırılmasına yol açan sorunlara çözüm aranmalıdır. Bu bağlamda makalede icbar kavramından neyin anlaşılması gerektiği, icbar kavramının cebir ve tehdit kavramlarından nasıl ayırt edileceği, icbarın elverişliliği meselesinin sorumluluğa etkisi, kendisine icbar uygulanan kişinin meşru ya da gayrimeşru zeminde olmasının suçun oluşumuna ne tür bir etkisinin olduğu, nüfuzu kötüye kullanmadan neyin anlaşılması gerektiği sorunları başta olmak üzere icbar suretiyle irtikâp suçunun diğer suçlarla karıştırılmasına yol açan tüm sorun ve ihtimallerin belirlenmesi ve çözüme kavuşturulması amaçlanmaktadır.