bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraints on Recoil Leader Properties Estimated from X‐ray Emissions in Aircraft‐Triggered Discharges
Authors: Skeie C. A. , Østgaard N. , Lehtinen N. G. , Sarria D. , Kochkin P. , de Boer A. I. , Bardet M. , Allasia C. , Flourens F.
Published: June 2020

During Airbus aircraft campaigns flying into thunderstorms in 2014–2016, X‐rays were observed during two stages of aircraft‐triggered lightning: nanosecond pulses of X‐rays associated with negative leader steps and bursts of X‐rays during recoil events. This work will focus on the observations of X‐ray bursts associated with recoils. Recoils are observed as microsecond‐fast changes in the local electric field, associated with large currents passing through the aircraft, and are found to sometimes be associated with bursts of X‐rays. From over 200 aircraft‐triggered lightning strikes, 54 recoil events were found to be associated with microsecond bursts of X‐rays. The majority of the bursts consist of 1–3 X‐ray pulses, with some bursts containing as many as 29 X‐ray pulses. We compare the observed superposed X‐ray spectrum with modeled spectra using a GEANT4 model of the detector and aircraft, to determine the source potential needed to accelerate the electrons that produce the observed X‐rays. A model of the recoil leader was made to determine the gap distance and gap potential between the recoil leader and the aircraft. From the modeling, we determine a solution space for the gap and leader lengths where the gap length is constrained by the observed minimum and maximum times between the onset of the X‐ray pulses and the onset of the current pulses detected at the aircraft (1 to 93 m). We also find two constraints from the fitting of the modeled spectra to the superposed spectrum, limiting the leader length to between 1 and ∼240 m.
Particle‐Based Lagrangian Filtering for Locating Wave‐Generated Thermal Refugia for Coral Reefs
Authors: Bachman Scott D. , Shakespeare Callum J. , Kleypas Joan , Castruccio Frederic S. , Curchitser Enrique
Published: June 2020

Tides and tidally generated waves play a key role in modulating the heat budget of the nearshore environment, which can significantly affect the ecology of the coastal and reef zones. The high spatial resolution required to resolve such waves in numerical models means that diagnosing wave‐generated heat fluxes (WHFs) has so far only been possible over very limited areas. Because many marine ecosystems that are affected by WHFs, such as coral reefs, are patchily distributed within domains of hundreds of kilometers, an alternative to fully wave‐resolving models is needed to identify thermal refugia and guide conservation efforts over larger regions. In this study, a one‐way nested series of regional ocean simulations has been conducted to study the role of waves in driving high‐frequency temperature variations in the Coral Triangle and to develop a method for identifying WHF in coarser‐resolution models. A filtering method using Lagrangian particles is used to separate the wave component of the flow, which is used to diagnose the wave energy and to identify locations experiencing large, high‐frequency temperature variability. These locations are shown to possess three key characteristics: large time‐mean wave kinetic energy, shallow depth, and a steep bathymetric gradient that gives access to a nearby source of cold, subthermocline water. A function of the wave kinetic energy and bathymetric slope is found to closely correlate with areas of maximal temperature variance, suggesting its use as a convenient and readily calculable metric to locate thermal refugia in observations or numerical experiments over large spatial domains.
Optical shaping of the polarization anisotropy in a laterally coupled quantum dot dimer
Authors: Kim Heedae , Kyhm Kwangseuk , Taylor Robert A. , Kim Jong Su , Song Jin Dong , Park Sungkyun
Published: June 2020

We find that the emission from laterally coupled quantum dots is strongly polarized along the coupled direction [1$$\bar 1$$

1

¯

0], and its polarization anisotropy can be shaped by changing the orientation of the polarized excitation. When the nonresonant excitation is linearly polarized perpendicular to the coupled direction [110], excitons (X1 and X2) and local biexcitons (X1X1 and X2X2) from the two separate quantum dots (QD1 and QD2) show emission anisotropy with a small degree of polarization (10%). On the other hand, when the excitation polarization is parallel to the coupled direction [1$$\bar 1$$

1

¯

0], the polarization anisotropy of excitons, local biexcitons, and coupled biexcitons (X1X2) is enhanced with a degree of polarization of 74%. We also observed a consistent anisotropy in the time-resolved photoluminescence. The decay rate of the polarized photoluminescence intensity along the coupled direction is relatively high, but the anisotropic decay rate can be modified by changing the orientation of the polarized excitation. An energy difference is also observed between the polarized emission spectra parallel and perpendicular to the coupled direction, and it increases by up to three times by changing the excitation polarization orientation from [110] to [1$$\bar 1$$

1

¯

0]. These results suggest that the dipole–dipole interaction across the two separate quantum dots is mediated and that the anisotropic wavefunctions of the excitons and biexcitons are shaped by the excitation polarization.
A variant in IL6ST with a selective IL-11 signaling defect in human and mouse
Authors: Schwerd Tobias , Krause Freia , Twigg Stephen R. F. , Aschenbrenner Dominik , Chen Yin-Huai , Borgmeyer Uwe , Müller Miryam , Manrique Santiago , Schumacher Neele , Wall Steven A. , Jung Jonathan , Damm Timo , Glüer Claus-Christian , Scheller Jürgen , Rose-John Stefan , Jones E. Yvonne , Laurence Arian , Wilkie Andrew O. M. , Schmidt-Arras Dirk , Uhlig Holm H.
Published: June 2020

The GP130 cytokine receptor subunit encoded by IL6ST is the shared receptor for ten cytokines of the IL-6 family. We describe a homozygous non-synonymous variant in IL6ST (p.R281Q) in a patient with craniosynostosis and retained deciduous teeth. We characterize the impact of the variant on cytokine signaling in vitro using transfected cell lines as well as primary patient-derived cells and support these findings using a mouse model with the corresponding genome-edited variant Il6st p.R279Q. We show that human GP130 p.R281Q is associated with selective loss of IL-11 signaling without affecting IL-6, IL-27, OSM, LIF, CT1, CLC, and CNTF signaling. In mice Il6st p.R279Q lowers litter size and causes facial synostosis and teeth abnormalities. The effect on IL-11 signaling caused by the GP130 variant shows incomplete penetrance but phenocopies aspects of IL11RA deficiency in humans and mice. Our data show that a genetic variant in a pleiotropic cytokine receptor can have remarkably selective defects.
Lin28A promotes IRF6-regulated aerobic glycolysis in glioma cells by stabilizing SNHG14
Authors: Lu Jinjing , Liu Xiaobai , Zheng Jian , Song Jian , Liu Yunhui , Ruan Xuelei , Shen Shuyuan , Shao Lianqi , Yang Chunqing , Wang Di , Cai Heng , Cao Shuo , Xue Yixue
Published: June 2020

Warburg effect is a hallmark of cancer cells, wherein glycolysis is preferred over oxidative phosphorylation even in aerobic conditions. Reprogramming of glycometabolism is especially crucial for malignancy in glioma. RNA-binding proteins and long noncoding RNAs are important for aerobic glycolysis during malignant transformation. Thus, we determined the expression and function of RNA-binding protein Lin28A, long noncoding RNA SNHG14, and transcription factor IRF6 in human glioma cells to elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying their role in glycolysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting showed that Lin28A and SNHG14 were overexpressed and IRF6 was downregulated in glioma. Depleting Lin28A from cells decreased the stability and expression of SNHG14. Furthermore, depleting SNHG14 reduced IRF6 mRNA degradation by targeting its 3′ untranslated region and inhibiting STAU1-mediated degradation, thereby increasing the expression of IRF6. PKM2 is an important enzyme in aerobic glycolysis, and GLUT1 is the primary transporter that facilitates glucose uptake. IRF6 inhibited the transcription of PKM2 and GLUT1, thereby impairing glycolysis and cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in glioma. Notably, depleting Lin28A and SNHG14 and overexpressing IRF6 reduced the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo and prolonged the survival of nude mice. Taken together, our data revealed that the Lin28A/SNHG14/IRF6 axis is crucial for reprogramming glucose metabolism and stimulating tumorigenesis in glioma cells. Thus, targeting this axis might help in the development of a novel therapeutic strategy for glioma metabolism.
From threat to cure: understanding of virus-induced cell death leads to highly immunogenic oncolytic influenza viruses
Authors: Kabiljo Julijan , Laengle Johannes , Bergmann Michael
Published: June 2020

Oncolytic viruses constitute an emerging strategy in immunomodulatory cancer treatment. The first oncolytic virus, Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), based on herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2015. The field of oncolytic virotherapy is still in its beginnings, since many promising viruses remain only superficially explored. Influenza A virus causes a highly immunogenic acute infection but never leads to a chronic disease. While oncolytic influenza A viruses are in preclinical development, they have not made the transition into clinical practice yet. Recent insights into different types of cell death caused by influenza A virus infection illuminate novel possibilities of enhancing its therapeutic effect. Genetic engineering and experience in influenza A virus vaccine development allow safe application of the virus in patients. In this review we give a summary of efforts undertaken to develop oncolytic influenza A viruses. We discuss strategies for targeting viral replication to cancerous lesions and arming them with immunogenic transgenes. We furthermore describe which modes of cell death are induced by influenza A virus infection and how these insights may be utilized to optimize influenza A virus-based oncolytic virus design.
Author Correction: Stress gates an astrocytic energy reservoir to impair synaptic plasticity
Authors: Murphy-Royal Ciaran , Johnston April D. , Boyce Andrew K. J. , Diaz-Castro Blanca , Institoris Adam , Peringod Govind , Zhang Oliver , Stout Randy F. , Spray David C. , Thompson Roger J. , Khakh Baljit S. , Bains Jaideep S. , Gordon Grant R.
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Metabolic reprogramming by Zika virus provokes inflammation in human placenta
Authors: Chen Qian , Gouilly Jordi , Ferrat Yann J. , Espino Ana , Glaziou Quentin , Cartron Géraldine , El Costa Hicham , Al-Daccak Reem , Jabrane-Ferrat Nabila
Published: June 2020

The recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) was associated with birth defects and pregnancy loss when maternal infection occurs in early pregnancy, but specific mechanisms driving placental insufficiency and subsequent ZIKV-mediated pathogenesis remain unclear. Here we show, using large scale metabolomics, that ZIKV infection reprograms placental lipidome by impairing the lipogenesis pathways. ZIKV-induced metabolic alterations provide building blocks for lipid droplet biogenesis and intracellular membrane rearrangements to support viral replication. Furthermore, lipidome reprogramming by ZIKV is paralleled by the mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory immune imbalance, which contribute to placental damage. In addition, we demonstrate the efficacy of a commercially available inhibitor in limiting ZIKV infection, provides a proof-of-concept for blocking congenital infection by targeting metabolic pathways. Collectively, our study provides mechanistic insights on how ZIKV targets essential hubs of the lipid metabolism that may lead to placental dysfunction and loss of barrier function.
Author Correction: Ketamine can reduce harmful drinking by pharmacologically rewriting drinking memories
Authors: Das Ravi K. , Gale Grace , Walsh Katie , Hennessy Vanessa E. , Iskandar Georges , Mordecai Luke A. , Brandner Brigitta , Kindt Merel , Curran H. Valerie , Kamboj Sunjeev K.
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Efficient arbitrary simultaneously entangling gates on a trapped-ion quantum computer
Authors: Grzesiak Nikodem , Blümel Reinhold , Wright Kenneth , Beck Kristin M. , Pisenti Neal C. , Li Ming , Chaplin Vandiver , Amini Jason M. , Debnath Shantanu , Chen Jwo-Sy , Nam Yunseong
Published: June 2020

Efficiently entangling pairs of qubits is essential to fully harness the power of quantum computing. Here, we devise an exact protocol that simultaneously entangles arbitrary pairs of qubits on a trapped-ion quantum computer. The protocol requires classical computational resources polynomial in the system size, and very little overhead in the quantum control compared to a single-pair case. We demonstrate an exponential improvement in both classical and quantum resources over the current state of the art. We implement the protocol on a software-defined trapped-ion quantum computer, where we reconfigure the quantum computer architecture on demand. Our protocol may also be extended to a wide variety of other quantum computing platforms.
Assessing the effectiveness of a national protected area network for carnivore conservation
Authors: Terraube J. , Van doninck J. , Helle P. , Cabeza M.
Published: June 2020

Protected areas (PAs) are essential to prevent further biodiversity loss yet their effectiveness varies largely with governance and external threats. Although methodological advances have permitted assessments of PA effectiveness in mitigating deforestation, we still lack similar studies for the impact of PAs on wildlife populations. Here we use an innovative combination of matching methods and hurdle-mixed models with a large-scale and long-term dataset for Finland’s large carnivore species. We show that the national PA network does not support higher densities than non-protected habitat for 3 of the 4 species investigated. For some species, PA effects interact with region or time, i.e., wolverine densities decreased inside PAs over the study period and lynx densities increased inside eastern PAs. We support the application of matching methods in combination of additional analytical frameworks for deeper understanding of conservation impacts on wildlife populations. These methodological advances are crucial for preparing ambitious PA targets post-2020.
Publisher Correction: The role of calcium in regulating marine phosphorus burial and atmospheric oxygenation
Authors: Zhao Mingyu , Zhang Shuang , Tarhan Lidya G. , Reinhard Christopher T. , Planavsky Noah
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Poincaré maps for analyzing complex hierarchies in single-cell data
Authors: Klimovskaia Anna , Lopez-Paz David , Bottou Léon , Nickel Maximilian
Published: June 2020

The need to understand cell developmental processes spawned a plethora of computational methods for discovering hierarchies from scRNAseq data. However, existing techniques are based on Euclidean geometry, a suboptimal choice for modeling complex cell trajectories with multiple branches. To overcome this fundamental representation issue we propose Poincaré maps, a method that harness the power of hyperbolic geometry into the realm of single-cell data analysis. Often understood as a continuous extension of trees, hyperbolic geometry enables the embedding of complex hierarchical data in only two dimensions while preserving the pairwise distances between points in the hierarchy. This enables the use of our embeddings in a wide variety of downstream data analysis tasks, such as visualization, clustering, lineage detection and pseudotime inference. When compared to existing methods — unable to address all these important tasks using a single embedding — Poincaré maps produce state-of-the-art two-dimensional representations of cell trajectories on multiple scRNAseq datasets.
Genome sequence of Kobresia littledalei, the first chromosome-level genome in the family Cyperaceae
Authors: Can Muyou , Wei Wei , Zi Hailing , Bai Magaweng , Liu Yunfei , Gao Dan , Tu Dengqunpei , Bao Yuhong , Wang Li , Chen Shaofeng , Zhao Xing , Qu Guangpeng
Published: June 2020

Kobresia plants are important forage resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and are essential in maintaining the ecological balance of grasslands. Therefore, it is beneficial to obtain Kobresia genome resources and study the adaptive characteristics of Kobresia plants in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We assembled the genome of Kobresia littledalei C. B. Clarke, which was about 373.85 Mb in size. 96.82% of the bases were attached to 29 pseudo-chromosomes, combining PacBio, Illumina and Hi-C sequencing data. Additional investigation of the annotation identified 23,136 protein-coding genes. 98.95% of these were functionally annotated. According to phylogenetic analysis, K. littledalei in Cyperaceae separated from Poaceae about 97.6 million years ago after separating from Ananas comosus in Bromeliaceae about 114.3mya. For K. littledalei, we identified a high-quality genome at the chromosome level. This is the first time a reference genome has been established for a species of Cyperaceae. This genome will help additional studies focusing on the processes of plant adaptation to environments with high altitude and cold weather.
MicroRNA-128-3p Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Temozolomide in Glioblastoma by Targeting c-Met and EMT
Authors: Zhao Chengbin , Guo Ruiming , Guan Fangxia , Ma Shanshan , Li Mu , Wu Junru , Liu Xianzhi , Li Hongwei , Yang Bo
Published: June 2020

Temozolomide is a first line anti-tumor drug used for the treatment of patients with Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the drug resistance to temozolomide limits its clinical application. Therefore, novel strategies to overcome chemoresistance are desperately needed for improved treatment of human GBM. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are closely related to resistance to cancer chemotherapy. This study aimed to further validate the biological role of miR-128-3p and to investigate whether miR-128-3p can enhance the chemosensitivity of glioblastoma to temozolomide (TMZ) and the underlying mechanisms. The effects of miR-128-3p and TMZ on the proliferation of glioblastoma cells were investigated by cell counting kit-8 (cck8). Transwell and intracerebral invasion assays were applied to determine the effects of the combination of miR-128-3p and TMZ on the invasion and migration of glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis in each group, and immunofluorescence was used to determine the expression levels of EMT-related proteins. RT-PCR and Western-blot were applied to detect EMT-transformed proteins (c-Met, PDGFRα, Notch1, and Slug) and EMT phenotype-associated proteins (Vim, CD44, and E-cadherin) at both mRNA and protein levels. Based on the microRNA.org database, we predicted the target genes of miR-128-3p. The target-relationship between miR-128-3p and c-Met and PDGFRα was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene. The tumor volume, weight and the expression levels of the proteins described above were measured in subcutaneously transplanted tumor model in nude mice. We found that the expression of miR-128-3p was down-regulated in glioblastoma tissue samples and cell lines. miR-128-3p suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM both in vitro and in vivo; miR-128-3p enhanced the therapeutic effect of TMZ via inhibition of proliferation, invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells and induction of apoptosis. Overexpression of miR-128-3p down-regulated the expression levels of EMT-transformed proteins (c-Met, PDGFRα, Notch1 and Slug) to enhance the effect of TMZ. In addition, we found that miR-128-3p targeted and bound c-Met. More importantly, the upregulation of c‐Met significantly prompted U87 and U251 cell proliferation. This effect could be abolished when c‐Met was silenced. The investigation in tumor bearing nude mice showed that miR-128-3p in combination with TMZ reduced tumor volume and the invasion extent, and increased the sensitivity of glioblastoma to TMZ. miR-128-3p is capable of enhancing the sensitivity of glioblastoma to TMZ through regulating c-Met/EMT.
Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Deep Learning Classifier: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Kim Junmo , Min Ji Hye , Kim Seon Kyoung , Shin Soo-Yong , Lee Min Woo
Published: June 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. We propose a fully automated deep learning model to detect HCC using hepatobiliary phase magnetic resonance images from 549 patients who underwent surgical resection. Our model used a fine-tuned convolutional neural network and achieved 87% sensitivity and 93% specificity for the detection of HCCs with an external validation data set (54 patients). We also confirmed whether the lesion detected by our deep learning model is a true lesion using a class activation map.
Trackway evidence for large bipedal crocodylomorphs from the Cretaceous of Korea
Authors: Kim Kyung Soo , Lockley Martin G. , Lim Jong Deock , Bae Seul Mi , Romilio Anthony
Published: June 2020

Large well-preserved crocodylomorph tracks from the Lower Cretaceous (? Aptian) Jinju Formation of South Korea, represent the well-known crocodylomorph ichnogenusBatrachopus. The Korean sample includes multiple, narrow-gauge, pes-only trackways with footprint lengths (FL) 18–24 cm, indicating trackmaker body lengths up to ~3.0 m. Surprisingly, the consistent absence of manus tracks in trackways, with well-preserved digital pad and skin traces, argues for bipedal trackmakers, here assigned toBatrachopus grandisichnosp. nov. No definitive evidence, either from pes-on-manus overprinting or poor track preservation, suggests the trackways where made by quadrupeds that only appear bipedal. This interpretation helps solve previous confusion over interpretation of enigmatic tracks of bipeds from younger (? Albian) Haman Formation sites by showing they are not pterosaurian as previously inferred. Rather, they support the strong consensus that pterosaurs were obligate quadrupeds, not bipeds. Lower JurassicBatrachopuswith foot lengths (FL) in the 2–8 cm range, and CretaceousCrocodylopodus(FL up to ~9.0 cm) known only from Korea and Spain registered narrow gauge trackways indicating semi-terrestrial/terrestrial quadrupedal gaits. Both ichnogenera, from ichnofamily Batrachopodidae, have been attributed toProtosuchus-like semi-terrestrial crocodylomorphs. The occurrence of bipedalB. grandisichnosp. nov. is evidence of such adaptations in the Korean Cretaceous.
A treponemal genome from an historic plague victim supports a recent emergence of yaws and its presence in 15th century Europe
Authors: Giffin Karen , Lankapalli Aditya Kumar , Sabin Susanna , Spyrou Maria A. , Posth Cosimo , Kozakaitė Justina , Friedrich Ronny , Miliauskienė Žydrūnė , Jankauskas Rimantas , Herbig Alexander , Bos Kirsten I.
Published: June 2020

Developments in techniques for identification of pathogen DNA in archaeological samples can expand our resolution of disease detection. Our application of a non-targeted molecular screening tool for the parallel detection of pathogens in historical plague victims from post-medieval Lithuania revealed the presence of more than one active disease in one individual. In addition to Yersinia pestis, we detected and genomically characterized a septic infection of Treponema pallidum pertenue, a subtype of the treponemal disease family recognised as the cause of the tropical disease yaws. Our finding in northern Europe of a disease that is currently restricted to equatorial regions is interpreted within an historical framework of intercontinental trade and potential disease movements. Through this we offer an alternative hypothesis for the history and evolution of the treponemal diseases, and posit that yaws be considered an important contributor to the sudden epidemic of late 15th century Europe that is widely ascribed to syphilis.
Heat treatment dependent cytotoxicity of silicalite-1 films deposited on Ti-6Al-4V alloy evaluated by bone-derived cells
Authors: Nemcakova Ivana , Jirka Ivan , Doubkova Martina , Bacakova Lucie
Published: June 2020

A silicalite-1 film (SF) deposited on Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated in this study as a promising coating for metallic implants. Two forms of SFs were prepared: as-synthesized SFs (SF-RT), and SFs heated up to 500 °C (SF-500) to remove the excess of template species from the SF surface. The SFs were characterized in detail by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water contact angle measurements (WCA). Two types of bone-derived cells (hFOB 1.19 non-tumor fetal osteoblast cell line and U-2 OS osteosarcoma cell line) were used for a biocompatibility assessment. The initial adhesion of hFOB 1.19 cells, evaluated by cell numbers and cell spreading area, was better supported by SF-500 than by SF-RT. While no increase in cell membrane damage, in ROS generation and in TNF-alpha secretion of bone-derived cells grown on both SFs was found, gamma H2AX staining revealed an elevated DNA damage response of U-2 OS cells grown on heat-treated samples (SF-500). This study also discusses differences between osteosarcoma cell lines and non-tumor osteoblastic cells, stressing the importance of choosing the right cell type model.
Detachment of cell sheets from clinically ubiquitous cell culture vessels by ultrasonic vibration
Authors: Imashiro Chikahiro , Hirano Makoto , Morikura Takashi , Fukuma Yuki , Ohnuma Kiyoshi , Kurashina Yuta , Miyata Shogo , Takemura Kenjiro
Published: June 2020

Proteinases that digest the extracellular matrix are usually used to harvest cells from culture vessels in a general culture process, which lowers the initial adhesion rate in regenerative medicine. Cell sheet engineering is one of the most important technologies in this field, especially for transplantation, because fabricated cell sheets have rich extracellular matrixes providing strong initial adhesion. Current cell sheet fabrication relies on temperature-responsive polymer-coated dishes. Cells are cultured on such specialized dishes and subjected to low temperature. Thus, we developed a simple but versatile cell sheet fabrication method using ubiquitous culture dishes/flasks without any coating or temperature modulation. Confluent mouse myoblasts (C2C12 cell line) were exposed to ultrasonic vibration from underneath and detached as cell sheets from entire culture surfaces. Because of the absence of low temperature, cell metabolism was statically increased compared with the conventional method. Furthermore, viability, morphology, protein expression, and mRNA expression were normal. These analyses indicated no side effects of ultrasonic vibration exposure. Therefore, this novel method may become the standard for cell sheet fabrication. Our method can be easily conducted following a general culture procedure with a typical dish/flask, making cell sheets more accessible to medical experts.
Incidental Findings on Brain MRI in People with HIV Infection
Authors: Hanna Kevin F. , Sayles Harlan R. , O’Neill Jennifer , White Matthew L. , Wilson Tony W. , Swindells Susan
Published: June 2020

Background: Incidental findings are a well-known complication of imaging studies done for both diagnostic and research purposes. Little is known about the rates and types of incidental findings found on brain MRI in patients with HIV infection, who may be at risk for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND). Methods: The parent study included 108 adults with HIV infection and 125 demographically-matched uninfected controls who completed MRI and neuropsychological testing. Incidental findings were classified by the study team as vascular, neoplastic, congenital, other neurologic, or non-neurologic. Categorical measures were compared using Pearson chi-square tests; continuous measures were compared using t-tests. Results: Among participants with HIV infection, 36/108 (33%) had incidental findings compared to 33/125 (26%) controls (p = 0.248). Rates of incidental findings were significantly correlated with increasing age in both participants with HIV infection (p = 0.013) and controls (p = 0.022). We found no correlation between presence of incidental findings and sex or race/ethnicity among either cohort, and no correlation with CD4 count or HAND status for the HIV-infected cohort. Conclusions: Incidental findings were common in both participants with HIV infection and controls, at higher rates than previously reported in healthy populations. There was no significant difference in prevalence between the groups.
50 Years of Cetacean Strandings Reveal a Concerning Rise in Chilean Patagonia
Authors: Alvarado-Rybak Mario , Toro Frederick , Escobar-Dodero Joaquín , Kinsley Amy C. , Sepúlveda Maximiliano A. , Capella Juan , Azat Claudio , Cortés-Hinojosa Galaxia , Zimin-Veselkoff Natalia , Mardones Fernando O.
Published: June 2020

Cetacean strandings (CS) have been reported in increasing numbers in coastal areas worldwide. Although the causes of these strandings are unknown, a number of anthropogenic and environmental factors have been suggested. This paper aims to characterize CS patterns and describe their fine-scale spatiotemporal dynamics. We analysed spatial and spatiotemporal CS patterns in Chile from January 1968 to January 2020. We identified a total of 436 CS events affecting eight cetacean families, 21 genera, and 35 species, which represent more than 85% of the reported species richness for the country. Most CS events (94.1%) were single (i.e., ≤two individuals). There were also 18 mass stranding (three to 24 individuals, 4.1%) and nine unusually large mass stranding events (>25 individuals, 2%). Purely spatial tests showed CS events appearing in random occurrence along the Chilean coast. Local tests for spatio-temporal clusters, however, identified a greater number of hotspots reported in the southernmost part of the country, namely, Chilean Patagonia. Specifically, significant spatio-temporal clusters were identified and defined as containing three or more individuals within a two-month period as a focal coastal event (<1 km radius). It is a cause of concern that CS events in Chile have been increasing consistently over the last decades, and although we were not able to identify their causes, we are able to highlight the importance of changes in climate conditions and of an increase in monitoring activities as primary drivers for such patterns, particularly important in Chilean Patagonia.
Author Correction: A Microfluidic Platform to design Multimodal PEG - crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles (PEG-cHANPs) for diagnostic applications
Authors: Tammaro Olimpia , Costagliola di Polidoro Angela , Romano Eugenia , Netti Paolo Antonio , Torino Enza
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Estimating global mean sea-level rise and its uncertainties by 2100 and 2300 from an expert survey
Authors: Horton Benjamin P. , Khan Nicole S. , Cahill Niamh , Lee Janice S. H. , Shaw Timothy A. , Garner Andra J. , Kemp Andrew C. , Engelhart Simon E. , Rahmstorf Stefan
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Upconversion nanoparticle and gold nanocage satellite assemblies for sensitive ctDNA detection in serum
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Hua Guanping , Li Lihuang , Li Danyang , Wang Fanfan , Wu Jiazhen , Ye Ziyue , Zhou Xi , Ye Shefang , Yang Jun , Zhang Xinjie , Ren Lei
Published: June 2020

A rapid molecular diagnostic technique targeting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has become one of the most clinically significant liquid biopsy methods for non-invasive and timely diagnosis of cancer.
Preparation of a DNA-Tb-MOF conjugate as a time-resolved probe for the detection of SO2 derivatives through an off–on effect
Authors: Xie Yaochen , Ma Haoxuan , He Fang liang , Chen Jiaqi , Ji Yanlai , Han Shuying , Zhu Dong
Published: June 2020

Herein we synthesize a DNA-sensitized Tb-MOF conjugate (DNA-Tb-MOF) as a time-resolved luminescent probe to sensitively and selectively assay SO2 and their derivatives (i.e., HSO3−) through a photoluminescence off–on effect.
A carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode as a simple tool to direct antioxidant estimation based on caffeic acid oxidation
Authors: Gevaerd Ava , Silva Bruna Medeiros da , Oliveira Paulo Roberto de , Marcolino Júnior Luiz Humberto , Bergamini Márcio Fernando
Published: June 2020

This work describes the construction and evaluation of carbon fiber ultramicroelectrodes (CF-UMEs) in the voltammetric estimation of the antioxidant capacity of wine and grape samples based on caffeic acid (HCAF) oxidation.
CdZnS nanorods with rich sulphur vacancies for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Yu Kai , Huang Hai-Bo , Zeng Xue-Yu , Xu Jian-Ying , Yu Xu-Teng , Liu Heng-Xin , Cao Hai-Lei , Lü Jian , Cao Rong
Published: June 2020

A 1D CdZnS nanorod solid solution with rich sulfur vacancies achieved excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible irradiation.
Introducing a conductive pillar: a polyaniline intercalated layered titanate for high-rate and ultra-stable sodium and potassium ion storage
Authors: Liao Jiaying , Hu Qiao , Mu Jinxiao , Chen Fei , He Xiaodong , Chen Fang , Wen Zhaoyin , Chen Chunhua
Published: June 2020

An in situ formed polyaniline pillared layered titanate with uniform TiO2 coating for sodium and potassium ion storage is proposed.
Stable metal–organic frameworks with low water affinity built from methyl-siloxane linkers
Authors: Delmas Luke C. , White Andrew J. P. , Pugh David , Evans Arwyn , Isbell Mark Antonin , Heng Jerry Y. Y. , Lickiss Paul D. , Davies Robert P.
Published: June 2020

A new approach to the development of MOF materials with low water affinity is presented using siloxane-derived linkers. The low water affinity is conferred by the linker without the requirement of any post-synthetic processing apart from activation.
Studies of graphene influence on the laser induced white emission spectra of Sr2CeO4/graphene flake composites
Authors: Stefanski Mariusz , Tomala Robert , Strek Wieslaw
Published: June 2020

An increase of graphene concentration in Sr2CeO4 nanocomposites reduces the quality of Stokes emission and improves LIWE properties.
Criteria of active sites in nonradical persulfate activation process from integrated experimental and theoretical investigations: boron–nitrogen-co-doped nanocarbon-mediated peroxydisulfate activation as an example
Authors: Nie Chunyang , Dai Zhenhua , Liu Wenjie , Duan Xiaoguang , Wang Chengyin , Lai Bo , Ao Zhimin , Wang Shaobin , An Taicheng
Published: June 2020

Reliable criteria for identifying the intrinsic active sites in carbocatalysts to mediate an electron-transfer mechanism in persulfate activation are presented.
Spin-state dependence of exchange–correlation holes
Authors: Brüggemann Julia , Jacob Christoph R.
Published: June 2020

The exchange–correlation holes of different spin-states are analyzed, as a step towards explicitly spin-state dependent density-functional approximations.
Correction: Analytical-performance improvement of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for steel using multi-spectral-line calibration with an artificial neural network
Authors: Li Kuohu , Guo Lianbo , Li Changmao , Li Xiangyou , Shen Meng , Zheng Zhong , Yu Yang , Hao Rongfei , Hao Zhongqi , Zeng Qingdong , Lu Yongfeng , Zeng Xiaoyan
Published: June 2020

Correction for ‘Analytical-performance improvement of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for steel using multi-spectral-line calibration with an artificial neural network’ by Kuohu Li et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2015, 30, 1623–1628, DOI: 10.1039/C5JA00089K.
Correction: Wavelet-based interference correction for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Y. M. , Deng L. M. , Yang X. Y. , Li J. M. , Li K. H. , Zhu Z. H. , Guo L. B. , Li X. Y. , Lu Y. F. , Zeng X. Y.
Published: June 2020

Correction for ‘Wavelet-based interference correction for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy’ by Y. M. Guo et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2017, 32, 2401–2406, 10.1039/C7JA00204A.
Correction: Determination of fluorine in copper ore using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted by the SrF molecular emission band
Authors: Tang Zhiyang , Zhou Ran , Hao Zhongqi , Zhang Wen , Li Qingzhou , Zeng Qingdong , Li Xiangyou , Zeng Xiaoyan , Lu Yongfeng
Published: June 2020

Correction for ‘Determination of fluorine in copper ore using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted by the SrF molecular emission band’ by Zhiyang Tang et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2020, 35, 754–761, DOI: 10.1039/C9JA00407F.
Monitoring supported lipid bilayers with n-type organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Kawan Malak , Hidalgo Tania C. , Du Weiyuan , Pappa Anna-Maria , Owens Róisín M. , McCulloch Iain , Inal Sahika
Published: June 2020

An n-type, accumulation mode, microscale organic electrochemical transistor monitors the activity of a pore-forming protein integrated into a lipid bilayer.
First-principles study of Na insertion at TiO2 anatase surfaces: new hints for Na-ion battery design
Authors: Massaro Arianna , Muñoz-García Ana B. , Maddalena Pasqualino , Bella Federico , Meligrana Giuseppina , Gerbaldi Claudio , Pavone Michele
Published: June 2020

We report ab initio simulations of Na insertion mechanism into TiO2 anatase nanoparticle surfaces. Our results unveil the origin of the observed shape-dependent activities in TiO2-based Na-ion battery anode.
Vertically aligned nanocomposite (BaTiO3)0.8 : (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)0.2 thin films with anisotropic multifunctionalities
Authors: Gao Xingyao , Zhang Di , Wang Xuejing , Jian Jie , He Zihao , Dou Hongyi , Wang Haiyan
Published: June 2020

A new vertically aligned nanocomposite BaTiO3(BTO):La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSMO) was synthesized using a one-step pulsed laser deposition technique and anisotropic magnetic and optical properties were achieved due to the ultra thin LSMO pillars embedded in BTO matrix microstructure.
An intelligent film actuator with multi-level deformation behaviour
Authors: Gao Tiantian , Xu Guochuang , Wen Yeye , Cheng Huhu , Li Chun , Qu Liangti
Published: June 2020

An intelligent film composed of graphene oxide and polyvinylidene fluoride exhibited a combination of reversible and reconfigurable actuation behaviors in response to multiple stimuli and could be used to construct complex 3D structures.
Structure–property relationship studies of 3-acyl-substituted furans: the serendipitous identification and characterization of a new non-classical hydrogen bond donor moiety
Authors: Rodrigues Daniel A. , Pinheiro Pedro de Sena M. , S. Sagrillo Fernanda , R. Freitas Maria Clara , A. Alves Marina , Thota Sreekanth , Tinoco Luzineide W. , Magalhães Alvicler , Sant’Anna Carlos M. R. , Fraga Carlos A. M.
Published: June 2020

A serendipitous identification and characterization of a new non-classical hydrogen bond donor moiety found in N-acylhydrazones containing 3-acyl-substituted furan subunit is presented.
Nanoparticle assembly modulated by polymer chain conformation in composite materials
Authors: Chen Shensheng , Olson Emily , Jiang Shan , Yong Xin
Published: June 2020

Nanoparticle aggregation in a nanocomposite can be physically modulated by the polymer conformational change into open fractal structures.
Electroactivation-induced IrNi nanoparticles under different pH conditions for neutral water oxidation
Authors: Lee Woong Hee , Yi Jaekyung , Nong Hong Nhan , Strasser Peter , Chae Keun Hwa , Min Byoung Koun , Hwang Yun Jeong , Oh Hyung-Suk
Published: June 2020

Electrochemical activation with a different pH environment changes the morphology and intrinsic catalytic properties of carbon-supported IrNi nanoparticles for oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
A 3D polyacrylonitrile nanofiber and flexible polydimethylsiloxane macromolecule combined all-solid-state composite electrolyte for efficient lithium metal batteries
Authors: Gao Lu , Li Jianxin , Sarmad Bushra , Cheng Bowen , Kang Weimin , Deng Nanping
Published: June 2020

A composite polymer electrolyte is synthesized, which has an improved ionic conductivity, superior interface compatibility and sufficient dendrite inhibition ability, bringing excellent electrochemical performance to all-solid-state batteries.
Development of C-type lectin-oriented surfaces for high avidity glycoconjugates: towards mimicking multivalent interactions on the cell surface
Authors: Porkolab Vanessa , Pifferi Carlo , Sutkeviciute Ieva , Ordanini Stefania , Taouai Marwa , Thépaut Michel , Vivès Corinne , Benazza Mohammed , Bernardi Anna , Renaudet Olivier , Fieschi Franck
Published: June 2020

Here we described C-type lectin-oriented surfaces for SPR analysis. They allow the preservation of receptor topology, accessibility of binding sites, better evaluation of high avidity compounds and assessment of multivalent effect at cell surface.
Chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric kinetic resolution polymerization of 6-aryl-ε-caprolactones
Authors: Lv Chengdong , Xu Guangqiang , Yang Rulin , Zhou Li , Wang Qinggang
Published: June 2020

The first chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric kinetic resolution polymerization (AKRP) of 6-aryl-ε-caprolactones has been achieved.
Fire and explosion hazards of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
Authors: Liu Shang-Hao , Chen Chan-Cheng , Zhang Bin , Wu Jian-He
Published: June 2020

The decomposition of [EMIM][Tf2N] is endothermic in a nitrogen atmosphere but is exothermic in an air atmosphere.
Transition metal-free domino acyl substitution/Michael addition of alkenyl Grignard reagents to lactam esters: synthesis of lactam-bearing homoallylic ketones
Authors: Farah Abdikani Omar , Rabah Muhannad , Beng Timothy K.
Published: June 2020

A solvent-controlled and heteroatom-dictated protocol for the transition metal-free addition of alkenyl Grignard reagents to lactam esters has been developed, leading to the chemo- and regioselective synthesis of lactam-tethered homoallylic ketones.
Continuous flow synthesis of aryl aldehydes by Pd-catalyzed formylation of phenol-derived aryl fluorosulfonates using syngas
Authors: Köckinger Manuel , Hanselmann Paul , Hu Guixian , Hone Christopher A. , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: June 2020

Pd-catalyzed formylation of aryl fluorosulfonates by using syngas as an atom efficient and sustainable source of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
Comprehending the quadruple bonding conundrum in C2 from excited state potential energy curves
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ishita , Ghosh Debashree , Paul Ankan
Published: June 2020

The question of quadruple bonding in C2 has emerged as a hot button issue, with opinions sharply divided between the practitioners of Valence Bond (VB) and Molecular Orbital (MO) theory.
Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived oxygenates to bio-fuels over Co-based bimetallic catalysts
Authors: He Zhen-Hong , Jiang Chong-Shan , Wang Zhong-Yu , Wang Kuan , Sun Yong-Chang , Yao Man-Qing , Li Zhu-Hui , Liu Zhao-Tie
Published: June 2020

A versatile Co5Zn1Ox bimetallic catalyst was developed and used in hydrodeoxygenation of biomass-derived oxygenates to bio-fuels with high efficiencies.
Direct assessment of structural order and evidence for stacking faults in layered hybrid perovskite films from X-ray scattering measurements
Authors: Tan Wen Liang , Cheng Yi-Bing , McNeill Christopher R.
Published: June 2020

The in-plane (0k0) reflections in highly textured Ruddlesden–Popper hybrid perovskite films are probed using synchrotron-based X-ray scattering measurements, providing direct evidence for the presence of structurally ordered n-phases.
A promising hydrogen peroxide adduct of ammonium cyclopentazolate as a green propellant component
Authors: Luo Jin , Xia Honglei , Zhang Wenquan , Song Siwei , Zhang Qinghua
Published: June 2020

A novel hydrogen peroxide adduct of ammonium cyclopentazolate was successfully synthesized and shows promising application potential as a green propellant component.
High-performance, long lifetime chloride ion battery using a NiFe–Cl layered double hydroxide cathode
Authors: Yin Qing , Luo Jianeng , Zhang Jian , Zheng Lirong , Cui Guoqing , Han Jingbin , O'Hare Dermot
Published: June 2020

NiFe–Cl layered double hydroxide (LDH) is proposed as a high-capacity and long lifetime cathode material for chloride ion batteries (CIBs), which delivers a maximum capacity of 350.6 mA h g−1 and a long lifetime of 800 cycles.
Low temperature methane conversion with perovskite-supported exo/endo-particles
Authors: Kousi Kalliopi , Neagu Dragos , Bekris Leonidas , Calì Eleonora , Kerherve Gwilherm , Papaioannou Evangelos I. , Payne David J. , Metcalfe Ian S.
Published: June 2020

Lowering methane conversion temperature has been long-sought in energy conversion applications and is now being realised via exo/endo-particle perovskites.
In vitrocomparisons of microscale and nanoscale calcium silicate particles
Authors: Huang Yun-Ru , Wu I-Ting , Chen Chun-Cheng , Ding Shinn-Jyh
Published: June 2020

Structure-dependent calcium silicate can tailor antibacterial activity, cell function, and medical applications.
Reversible thermochromic property of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co-doped Ca14Zn6Ga10O35
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , Yuan Long , Wu Xiaofeng , Hou Xiangyan , Tang Meng , Hou Changmin , Chen Huanwen , Feng Shouhua
Published: June 2020

A new family of thermochromic materials were reported with transition metal chromophore doping in Ca14Zn6Ga10O35 host.
Enhanced crystallinity and thermal stability of Ba2+ and Al3+–O2− co-substituted Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+
Authors: Li Zebin , Seto Takatoshi , Wang Yuhua
Published: June 2020

By co-substituting a cation (M2+:Ba2+ or Ca2+) and Al3+–O2− into Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ in a solid-state method, we successfully synthesized the nitrido-alumino-silicate phosphors Sr(2−y)MySi5−xAlxN8−xOx:Eu2+ (Ba-AlO-258 (My = Ba0.3, x > 0) and Ca-AlO-258 (My = Ca0.3, x > 0)).
Identification of crop diseases using improved convolutional neural networks
Authors: Wang Long , Sun Jun , Wu Xiaohong , Shen Jifeng , Lu Bing , Tan Wenjun
Published: June 2020

Conventional AlexNet has the problems of slow training speed, single characteristic scale and low recognition accuracy. To solve these problems, a convolutional neural network identification model based on Inception module and dilated convolution is proposed in this study. The inception module combined with dilated convolution, could extract disease characteristics at different scales and increase the receptive field. By setting different parameters, six improved models were obtained. They were trained to identify 26 diseases of 14 different crops; then the authors selected optimal recognition model. On this basis, the segmented dataset and the grey‐scaled dataset were trained as comparative experiments to explore the influence of background and colour features on the recognition results. After only two training epochs, the improved optimal model could achieve an accuracy of over 95%. Moreover, the final average identification accuracy reached 99.37%. Contrast experiments indicate that colour and background features may influence the recognition effect. The improved model can extract disease information from different scales in the feature map to identify diverse diseases of different crops. The proposed model has faster training speed and higher recognition accuracy than the traditional model, and thus it can provide a reference for crop disease identification in actual production.