bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satisfaction with Delivery Services Offered under the Free Maternal Healthcare Policy in Kenyan Public Health Facilities
Authors: Gitobu C. M. , Gichangi P. B. , Mwanda W. O.
Published: May 2018

Background. Patients’ satisfaction is an individual's positive assessment regarding a distinct dimension of healthcare and the perception about the quality of services offered in that health facility. Patients who are not satisfied with healthcare services in a certain health facility will bypass the facility and are unlikely to seek treatment in that facility. Objective. To determine satisfaction level of mothers with the free maternal services in selected Kenyan public health facilities after the implementation of the free maternal healthcare policy. Methods. Data was collected through a quantitative exit survey questionnaire. The respondents were mothers who had delivered in the health facilities and were waiting to leave the health facilities after discharge. The sample included 2,216 mothers in 77 public health facilities across 14 counties in Kenya under tier 3 and tier 4 categories. The number of respondents to be interviewed was proportionately arrived at based on each health facility’s bed capacity. Results. The study established a satisfaction rate of 54.5% among the beneficiaries of the free maternal healthcare services in the country. Mothers benefiting from the free delivery services were satisfied with communication by the healthcare workers, staff availability in the delivery rooms, availability of staff in the wards, and drug and supplies availability (>56%) but unsatisfied with consultation time, cleanliness, and privacy in the wards (<56%). High education levels and lengthy stay in healthcare facilities were negatively associated with the satisfaction with the free delivery services (P<0.05). Conclusion. There is a high satisfaction with the free maternal healthcare services in Kenya. However, the implementation of the free maternal healthcare policy was associated with low privacy, poor hygiene, and low consultation time in the health facilities. Therefore there is need to address these service gaps so as to attract more mothers to deliver in public health facilities.
A Case of Pelvic Abscess Caused by Edwardsiella tarda followed by Laparoscopic Resection of a Hematoma Derived from Caesarean Section
Authors: Yamanoi Koji , Yasumoto Koji , Ogura Jumpei , Hirayama Takahiro , Suginami Koh
Published: May 2018

Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) infections are rare and can be fatal. We report a case of an E. tarda abscess which developed in the hematoma originally derived from a caesarean section. A 24-year-old gravida 1 woman was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of abdominal pain. Approximately one month before her admission, pelvic hematoma had developed derived from caesarean section. Followed by the failure of conservative management, she underwent laparoscopic surgery to remove the hematoma 6 days before her admission. On computed tomography examination, we found that the abscess with a diameter of 9 cm was located in the right pelvic space. We punctured the abscess and identified E. tarda in the abscess. We continued administering antibiotics, but her symptoms, including fever and abdominal pain, became worse, and the abscess enlarged. We performed laparotomy drainage and ileocecal resection on the 10th posthospitalization day. After drainage surgery, the patient’s condition improved gradually, and the patient was discharged uneventfully. There are no reports in patients of E. tarda infection during the perinatal period. E. tarda infection can be a life-threatening illness even in immunocompetent patients. In the case of E. tarda infection, intensive care and surgical procedures should be considered.
NMO-IgG and AQP4 Peptide Can Induce Aggravation of EAMG and Immune-Mediated Muscle Weakness
Authors: Mizrachi Tehila , Brill Livnat , Rabie Malcolm , Nevo Yoram , Fellig Yakov , Zur Mayan , Karussis Dimitrios , Abramsky Oded , Brenner Talma , Vaknin-Dembinsky Adi
Published: May 2018

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are autoimmune diseases mediated by autoantibodies against either aquaporin 4 (AQP4) or acetylcholine receptor (AChR), respectively. Recently, we and others have reported an increased prevalence of NMO in patients with MG. To verify whether coexisting autoimmune disease may exacerbate experimental autoimmune MG, we tested whether active immunization with AQP4 peptides or passive transfer of NMO-Ig can affect the severity of EAMG. Injection of either AQP4 peptide or NMO-Ig to EAMG or to naive mice caused increased fatigability and aggravation of EAMG symptoms as expressed by augmented muscle weakness (but not paralysis), decremental response to repetitive nerve stimulation, increased neuromuscular jitter, and aberration of immune responses. Thus, our study shows increased disease severity in EAMG mice following immunization with the NMO autoantigen AQP4 or by NMO-Ig, mediated by augmented inflammatory response. This can explain exacerbation or increased susceptibility of patients with one autoimmune disease to develop additional autoimmune syndrome.
Credit Card Fraud Detection through Parenclitic Network Analysis
Authors: Zanin Massimiliano , Romance Miguel , Moral Santiago , Criado Regino
Published: May 2018

The detection of frauds in credit card transactions is a major topic in financial research, of profound economic implications. While this has hitherto been tackled through data analysis techniques, the resemblances between this and other problems, like the design of recommendation systems and of diagnostic/prognostic medical tools, suggest that a complex network approach may yield important benefits. In this paper we present a first hybrid data mining/complex network classification algorithm, able to detect illegal instances in a real card transaction data set. It is based on a recently proposed network reconstruction algorithm that allows creating representations of the deviation of one instance from a reference group. We show how the inclusion of features extracted from the network data representation improves the score obtained by a standard, neural network‐based classification algorithm and additionally how this combined approach can outperform a commercial fraud detection system in specific operation niches. Beyond these specific results, this contribution represents a new example on how complex networks and data mining can be integrated as complementary tools, with the former providing a view to data beyond the capabilities of the latter.
Clostridium subterminale Septicemia in a Patient with Metastatic Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Trapani Kevin M. , Boghossian Leigh J. , Caskey Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

Clostridium subterminale is a rare member of the Clostridiaceae family that is rarely cultured. This report examines a case of Clostridium subterminale cultured from the blood of a 72-year-old man who was ultimately diagnosed with metastatic gastrointestinal (GI) adenocarcinoma. The patient was receiving treatment for nosocomial pneumonia prior to culture of the C. subterminale, which led to suspicion for malignancy. Extensive GI and oncologic workup demonstrated multiple comorbidities and a primary GI cancer, which likely caused a breach in the GI mucosa and C. subterminale entrance into the bloodstream. After a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, the patient died on hospital day 23. Though rarely reported, C. subterminale septicemia has been demonstrated in patients with malignancy, specifically of the GI tract. Therefore, this case represents a typical C. subterminale septicemia patient. Given the prevalence of Clostridia and the contemporary emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms, both typical and atypical cases regarding rare members of the species have a significant role in the clinical management and public health planning.
Total Flavonoids from Radix Glycyrrhiza Exert Anti‐Inflammatory and Antitumorigenic Effects by Inactivating iNOS Signaling Pathways
Authors: Jiang Yi-Xin , Dai Yang-Yi , Pan Yi-Feng , Wu Xi-Min , Yang Yue , Bian Ka , Zhang Dan-Dan
Published: May 2018

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays an important role in inflammation, which has also been considered as a major driver of breast cancer disease progression. Radix Glycyrrhiza (RG) has been broadly used for its anti‐inflammatory and antitumorigenic effects. However, the mechanisms of regulation of iNOS in inflammation and cancer have not been fully explored. Total flavonoids isolated from RG (TFRG) exhibited anti‐inflammatory activity through the regulation of ERK/NF‐κB/miR‐155 signaling and suppression of iNOS expression in LPS/IFN‐γ stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages without cytotoxicity. TFRG also markedly reduced tumor mass of breast cancer cell MDA‐MB‐231 xenografts with suppression of iNOS expression, formation of 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT), and inactivation of protumorigenic JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. These results suggested that TFRG limited the development of breast cancer and inflammation due to its property of iNOS inhibition.
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Interaction Mechanism with DNA of Copper(II) Complex Containing 2,2′-Bipyridine
Authors: Liu Ting , Wang Yi-An , Zang Qing , Zhong Guo-Qing
Published: May 2018

A Cu(II) complex [Cu(bipy)(H2O)2(SO4)]n (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized structurally by elemental analyses, single crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectra, and thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The Cu(II) was hexacoordinated by two N atoms from bipy, two O atoms from different sulfate radical anions, and two O atoms from two water molecules, forming a slightly distorted octahedral geometry, and bridged by sulfato groups into polymeric chains. Under the condition of physiological pH, the interaction mechanism between the complex and hsDNA was explored with acridine orange as a fluorescence probe by spectroscopic methods. The binding modes between the complex and hsDNA were the electrostatic and embedded modes.
Inversion of Thermal Conductivity in Two‐Dimensional Unsteady‐State Heat Transfer System Based on Boundary Element Method and Decentralized Fuzzy Inference
Authors: Wang Shoubin , Zhang Li , Sun Xiaogang , Jia Huangchao
Published: May 2018

Based on the boundary element method and the decentralized fuzzy inference algorithm, the thermal conductivity in the two‐dimensional unsteady‐state heat transfer system changing with the temperature is deduced. The more accurate inversion results are obtained by introducing the variable universe method. The concrete method is as follows: using experimental means to obtain the instantaneous temperature in the material or on the boundary, to determine the thermal conductivity of the material by solving the inversion problem. The boundary element method is used to calculate the regional boundary and internal temperature in the direct problem. With the inversion problem, the decentralized fuzzy inference algorithm is used to compensate for the initial guess of the thermal conductivity by using the difference between the temperature measurement and the temperature calculation. In the inversion problem, the influence of the initial guess of different thermal conductivities, different numbers of measuring points, and the existence of measurement errors on the results is discussed. The example calculation and analysis prove that, with different initial guesses, existence of measurement errors, and the number of boundary measurements decrease, the methods adopted in this paper still maintain good validity and accuracy.
Diagnosis ofHelicobacter pyloriUsing Invasive and Noninvasive Approaches
Authors: Talebi Bezmin Abadi Amin
Published: May 2018

Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori)as gram-negative and spiral microorganism is responsible for colonization in the gastric microniche for more than 50% of world population. Recent studies have shown a critical role ofH. pyloriin the development of peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer. Over the past decade, there has been a sharp interest to use noninvasive tests in diagnosis of theH. pyloriinfection. During the years after discovery by Marshall and Warren, it has been frequently declared that the rapid urease test (RUT) is one of the cheapest and rapid diagnostic approaches used in detecting the infection. Although the specificity and sensitivity are durable for this test, clinical experiences had shown that the ideal results are only achieved only if we take biopsies from both corpus and antrum at the same time. Given the diagnosis of theH. pyloriin clinical samples, gastroenterologists are facing a long list of various molecular and nonmolecular tests. We need more in-depth researches and investigations to correctly generalize rapid and accurate molecular tests determining both bacterial identity and antibiotic resistance profile.
Mapping the HLA Ligandome of Colorectal Cancer Reveals an Imprint of Malignant Cell Transformation
Authors: Löffler Markus W. , Kowalewski Daniel J. , Backert Linus , Bernhardt Jörg , Adam Patrick , Schuster Heiko , Dengler Florian , Backes Daniel , Kopp Hans-Georg , Beckert Stefan , Wagner Silvia , Königsrainer Ingmar , Kohlbacher Oliver , Kanz Lothar , Königsrainer Alfred , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Stevanović Stefan , Haen Sebastian P.
Published: May 2018

Immune cell infiltrates have proven highly relevant for colorectal carcinoma prognosis, making colorectal cancer a promising candidate for immunotherapy. Because tumors interact with the immune system via HLA-presented peptide ligands, exact knowledge of the peptidome constitution is fundamental for understanding this relationship. Here, we comprehensively describe the naturally presented HLA ligandome of colorectal carcinoma and corresponding nonmalignant colon (NMC) tissue. Mass spectrometry identified 35,367 and 28,132 HLA class I ligands on colorectal carcinoma and NMC, attributable to 7,684 and 6,312 distinct source proteins, respectively. Cancer-exclusive peptides were assessed on source protein level using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein analysis through evolutionary relationships (PANTHER), revealing pathognomonic colorectal carcinoma–associated pathways, including Wnt, TGFβ, PI3K, p53, and RTK-RAS. Relative quantitation of peptide presentation on paired colorectal carcinoma and NMC tissue further identified source proteins from cancer- and infection-associated pathways to be overrepresented merely within the colorectal carcinoma ligandome. From the pool of tumor-exclusive peptides, a selected HLA-ligand subset was assessed for immunogenicity, with the majority exhibiting an existing T-cell repertoire. Overall, these data show that the HLA ligandome reflects cancer-associated pathways implicated in colorectal carcinoma oncogenesis, suggesting that alterations in tumor cell metabolism could result in cancer-specific, albeit not mutation-derived, tumor antigens. Hence, a defined pool of unique tumor peptides, attributable to complex cellular alterations that are exclusive to malignant cells, might comprise promising candidates for immunotherapeutic applications.

Significance: Cancer-associated pathways are reflected in the antigenic landscape of colorectal cancer, suggesting that tumor-specific antigens do not necessarily have to be mutation-derived but may also originate from other alterations in cancer cells. Cancer Res; 78(16); 4627–41. ©2018 AACR.
The Neonatal Microbiome and Its Partial Role in Mediating the Association between Birth by Cesarean Section and Adverse Pediatric Outcomes
Authors: Montoya-Williams Diana , Lemas Dominick J. , Spiryda Lisa , Patel Keval , Carney O’neshia Olivia , Neu Josef , Carson Tiffany L.
Published: May 2018

Background: Cesarean sections (CS) are among the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the world. Epidemiologic data has associated delivery by CS with an increased risk of certain adverse health outcomes in children, such as asthma and obesity. Objective: To explore what is known about the effect of mode of delivery on the development of the infant microbiome and discuss the potentially mediating role of CS-related microbial dysbiosis in the development of adverse pediatric health outcomes. Recommendations for future inquiry are also provided. Methods: This study provides a narrative overview of the literature synthesizing the findings of literature retrieved from searches of PubMed and other computerized databases and authoritative texts. Results: Emerging evidence suggests that mode of delivery is involved in the development of the neonatal microbiome and may partially explain pediatric health outcomes associated with birth by CS. Specifically, the gut microbiome of vaginally delivered infants more closely resembles their mothers’ vaginal microbiome and thus more commonly consists of potentially beneficial microbiota such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides. Conversely, the microbiome of infants born via CS shows an increased prevalence of either skin flora or potentially pathogenic microbial communities such as Klebsiella, Enterococcus, and Clostridium. Conclusions: Mode of delivery plays an important role in the development of the postnatal microbiome but likely tells only part of the story. More comprehensive investigations into all the pre- and perinatal factors that have the potential to contribute to the neonatal microbiome are warranted.
Primary Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Breast: Imaging Findings and Literature Review
Authors: Bayramoglu Zuhal , Kebudi Rejin , Yilmaz Ravza , Buyukkapu Bay Sema , Kebudi Abut , Karanlik Hasan , Iribas Ayca , Darendeliler Emin , Onder Semen , Bilgic Bilge , Adaletli Ibrahim
Published: May 2018

Background: Primary breast rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) can occur in children. There is a lack of knowledge regarding radiologic findings and added diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of RMS in the literature. Case Report: A 12-year-old girl was diagnosed with primary alveolar RMS of the breast. Gray scale ultrasound revealed posterior acoustic enhancement behind a well-circumscribed, multilobulated hypoechoic mass. Doppler ultrasound revealed increased peripheral and central vascularity. Hypointense septations on T2-weighted image exhibiting more enhancement than the stroma on late gadolinium-enhanced images were striking within a hyperintense mass. A hyperintense hemorrhagic focus on T1-weighted image was present in the absence of any necrosis. Avid enhancement on early postcontrast images proceeding from the periphery to the center was depicted. Conclusion: A rapidly enlarging mass with an echogenic peripheral rim together with posterior acoustic enhancement on gray scale ultrasound, intense vascularity on Doppler ultrasound, axillary lymphadenopathy, and satellite nodules on MRI should raise suspicion. Enhancing central and peripheral septations are suggestive of RMS. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in suspected cases can provide valuable data in the differential diagnosis.
Predictors of Cardioembolic Stroke in Japanese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in the Fushimi AF Registry
Authors: Yasuda Ken , Fukuda Shunichi , Nakamura Michikazu , Ohtani Ryo , Kuwata Yasuhiro , Takata Masaki , Sainouchi Makoto , Gotou Masahiro , Masuda Yuichi , Kawarazaki Satoru , Kawabata Yasuhiro , Murase Nagako , Aoki Tomokazu , Yonemoto Naohiro , Akao Masaharu , Tsukahara Tetsuya
Published: May 2018

Background: Large-scale clinical trials have analyzed risk factors for any ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the risk factors for cardioembolic stroke (CES), specifically, have not been reported. To clarify the risk factors for CES and clinically significant cardioembolic infarction, we examined the incidence of CES and larger infarct volume (IV) (> 30 mL) CES, employing the Fushimi AF Registry, a community-based prospective cohort of AF patients in the Fushimi ward, Kyoto, Japan. Methods: A total of 4,182 Fushimi AF patients were enrolled from March 2011 to December 2014. The risk factors for CES were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Results: Of 4,182 patients enrolled, 3,749 patients were observed for ≥1 year. During the follow-up period (mean duration, 979 ± 7.7 days), 91/3,749 patients experienced a CES (2.43%). Significant risk factors associated with CES were older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.72; p = 0.046), low body weight (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.03–1.65; p = 0.033), sustained AF (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.05–2.71; p = 0.034), and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.22–3.06; p = 0.004). Predictors of a large IV were chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.09–4.05; p = 0.027) and previous stroke/TIA (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.19–4.24; p = 0.011). Conclusions: In this population-based cohort of Japanese patients with AF, in addition to previous stroke/TIA and older age, sustained AF and low body weight emerged as risk factors for CES, as opposed to any stroke, which may have a different risk profile. Patients with CKD or previous stroke/TIA who developed cardioembolic infarction exhibited more advanced severity. There is a need for direct oral anticoagulants that can be used safely in patients with comorbid AF and CKD.
Extracorporeal Photopheresis: An Efficacious and Well-Tolerated Treatment for Cutaneous and Oral Mucosal Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Richet Camille , Huynh Anne , Dimeglio Chloé , Borel Cécile , Lepage Benoît , Boulinguez Serge , Marguery Marie Claude , Paul Carle , Bulai Livideanu Cristina
Published: May 2018

Background: Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a second-line therapy for steroid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Objective: We describe the long-term efficacy and tolerability of ECP according to the cutaneous phenotype of cGVHD and report on the reduced need for immunosuppressant drugs in this setting. Patients and Methods: Fourteen patients (8 females) with cutaneous and/or mucosal cGVHD, treated with ECP between October 2010 and May 2016 within a single center, were included. Final analyses included patients who had received ECP for at least 12 months. We prospectively evaluated the efficacy of ECP using lesion-specific clinical scores and by recording changed doses of systemic immunosuppressants. Results: Of the 14 patients, sclerotic skin lesions were present in 10 (71%). The mRODNAN score decreased in all patients from month 9 onwards, with 40 and 77% reductions at 12 and 36 months, respectively. Six patients (43%) presented with cutaneous lichenoid lesions: this score was reduced in all patients by month 3, reaching a 93% reduction by month 12. Five patients (36%) experienced oral mucosal lichenoid lesions: these scores were decreased by 55% at month 12 and by 100% by month 33. The use of systemic immunosuppressants was reduced in all patients; 4 patients could stop all immunosuppressant drugs after 2 years. ECP was stopped in 3 patients after a complete response. No major ECP-associated adverse effects were observed. Discussion and Conclusion: ECP was an effective long-term therapy for oral and cutaneous cGVHD: consequently, dose levels of therapeutic immunosuppression could be reduced.
Quantification of Hair Follicles in the Scalp in Mexican Mestizo Population
Authors: Martínez-Luna Eduwiges , Rodríguez-Lobato Erika , Vázquez-Velo Juan Antonio , Cuevas-González Juan Carlos , Martínez Velasco María Abril , Toussaint Caire Sonia
Published: May 2018

Introduction: There are no reports of the density of hair follicles in the scalp of Mexican mestizo population, necessitating the determination of normal references values for this population compared with other ethnic groups. Objective: To determine the average hair follicle count on the scalp in Mexican mestizo population. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 scalp samples (25 men and 25 women) from Mexican mestizo individuals aged between 19 and 60 years, with no clinical evidence of hair disease, obtained by biopsy punch at General Hospital “Dr. Manuel Gea González” were collected over 2 years. The total follicular density, vellus and terminal hair follicles, and the percentage in anagen and catagen-telogen phase were measured. χ2 was used as the basic statistical test. Results: The mean number of total hair follicles in our Mexican mestizo population was 23.2 ± 4.2, which is lower compared with Thais, Iranians, and Caucasians. However, the ratio of terminal and vellus hair follicles was higher than in Thais, Caucasians, and African-Americans. The percentage of terminal hairs in anagen phase was lower than in the other populations, and higher in telogen, without exceeding 15%, established as the normal reference value. There was an association between sex and terminal hairs in telogen phase (p < 0.05). The average follicular density per mm2 was slightly higher compared with African-Americans and Asians. Women had more terminal hairs than men. Conclusions: The density of total follicles is lower in the Mexican mestizo population compared with Iranians, Thais, and Caucasians. However, the greater number of terminal hairs compared to vellus hairs gives the appearance of greater overall volume. The results of this study can be used as a reference for diseases of the scalp in the Mexican population.
Brain Immunohistopathology in a Patient with Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy
Authors: Shu Yaqing , Long Youming , Chang Yanyu , Li Rui , Sun Xiaobo , Wang Yuge , Huang Yinong , Li Jing , Chen Jianning , Yang Yu , Lu Zhengqi , Hu Xueqiang , Kermode Allan G. , Qiu Wei
Published: May 2018

Background: Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a novel meningoencephalomyelitis. However, the pathogenesis of this disease is unclear. We therefore examined a brain biopsy from a patient with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy by immunohistopathology. Methods: We examined brain biopsy sections from a patient with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining, and immunostaining with antibodies for CD4, CD8, CD3, CD20, CD68, CD138, Neu-N, GFAP, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Results: HE staining revealed extensive inflammatory cells (marked lymphocytes) around brain vessels, and LFB showed no signs of demyelination or axon loss. Immunohistochemical analysis showed CD3+ and CD4+ T cells cuffing around brain vessels, accompanied by CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, and CD138+ plasma cells, while some macrophages (CD68+) were scattered throughout the brain parenchyma. There was no loss of AQP4 or MOG expression in this patient, while GFAP was abundantly expressed. Conclusions: These findings suggest that inflammatory cells, including T cells, B cells, plasma cells, and macrophages, are involved in autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. Demyelination and astrocyte loss may not necessarily occur in this disease.
Genomic Deletion Involving the IMMP2L Gene in Two Cases of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Baldan Federica , Gnan Chiara , Franzoni Alessandra , Ferino Lucia , Allegri Lorenzo , Passon Nadia , Damante Giuseppe
Published: May 2018

Mutations/deletions of the IMMP2L gene have been associated with different cognitive/behavioral disturbances, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The penetrance of these defects is not complete since they often are inherited from a healthy parent. Using array-CGH in a cohort of 37 ASD patients, we found 2 subjects harboring a deletion inside the IMMP2L gene. In both cases, the IMMP2L gene deletion was inherited: from a healthy mother in one case and from a dyslectic father in the other. In the latter family, the IMMP2L deletion was also detected in the patient's brother, who showed delayed language development. In a cohort of 100 normal controls, no deletions including the IMMP2L gene were observed. However, a recent meta-analysis found no association between IMMP2L deletions and ASD. Our data would indicate that deletions involving the IMMP2L gene may contribute to the development of a subgroup of cognitive/behavioral disorders.
Nationwide Implementation of Pathogen Inactivation for All Platelet Concentrates in Switzerland
Authors: Jutzi Markus , Mansouri Taleghani Behrouz , Rueesch Morven , Amsler Lorenz , Buser Andreas
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates (PCs) has been identified as the most prevalent transfusion-associated infectious risk. To prevent PC-related septic transfusion reactions, the Intercept® pathogen inactivation procedure was introduced for all PCs in Switzerland in 2011. Methods: Based on numbers of transfused units and mandatorily reported adverse events with high imputability, we compare the risks associated with transfusion of conventional PCs (cPCs) and pathogen-inactivated PCs (PI-PCs). Results: From 2005 to 2011, a total of 158,502 cPCs have been issued in Switzerland, and 16 transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections (including 3 fatalities) were reported. This corresponds to a morbidity and mortality rate of ca. 1:9,900 and 1:52,800, respectively. From 2011 to 2016, a total of 205,574 PI-PCs have been issued, and no transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection was reported. Despite continuously increasing transfusion reaction rates per 1,000 RBC and plasma issued between 2008 and 2016, we observed reductions of 66% for life-threatening and fatal reactions and of 26% for all high-imputability transfusion reactions related to PI-PCs as compared to cPCs. No increased rates of bleeding or clinical observations of ineffectiveness of PI-PCs have been reported. After implementation of PI-PCs, the annual increase in platelet usage per 1,000 inhabitants decelerated. Discussion: Swiss hemovigilance data confirm a favorable safety profile of the nationwide introduced Intercept pathogen inactivation procedure and its reliable prevention of septic transfusion reactions and fatalities due to bacterially contaminated PCs.
Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 Mediates Macrophage-Induced Impairment of Insulin Signaling in Adipocytes
Authors: Ren Jingqi , Lin Yaqiu , Tang Junni , Yue Hua , Zhao Yanying
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is an inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by macrophages within human white adipose tissue. Its expression is increased in obese subjects and positively correlated with insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to characterize the regulatory role of AIF-1 in insulin signaling of adipocyte. Methods: AIF-1 was over-expressed via transfection of AIF-1 cDNA into murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, and the constitutive expression of AIF-1 was decreased via transfection of targeting siRNA. Murine 3T3L1 adipocytes were treated with macrophage-conditioned medium or AIF-1 protein. Intracellular lipid accumulation was assayed by oil red O stain. Reactive oxygen species production was determinated by a flow cytometer and adipokine secretion was measured with ELISA. Glucose uptake was detected using the glucose oxidase method and insulin-signal-transduction related molecules were analyzed by Western blot. Results: Short term (48 h) AIF-1 treatment slightly promoted intracellular lipid storage in differentiating 3T3L1 cells. The protein stimulated reactive oxygen species production, provoked TNFα, IL6, resistin, but suppressed adiponectin release and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake both under normal basal and insulin resistance conditions. Furthermore, AIF-1 induced NF-κB activation, inhibited PPARγ expression, GLUT4 translocation to plasma membrane and Akt phosphorylation. Conclusion: Macrophage-derived AIF-1 up-regulated reactive oxygen species production, adipokine TNFα, IL6, resistin release, and inhibited adiponectin secretion. Moreover, it suppressed insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by down-regulating insulin signaling. Thus, AIF-1 could be related to obesity-related diseases.
Crônicas de fim de viagem: um diário mínimo para Olivier Toni
Authors: Galon Lucas Eduardo Da Silva
Published: May 2018

Nesta crônica, Lucas Galon traz algumas reflexões e impressões sobre uma das últimas vindas de Olivier Toni ao Departamento de Música de Ribeirão Preto como professor, já octogenário, em que se evidenciam o caráter metafórico de seu discurso, o confronto de gerações, seu espírito crítico, sua ironia e sua modernidade peculiar.
Villa-Lobos: música erudita brasileira como cânone regional em relação à música nativa
Authors: Salaberry Nicolás Ramirez
Published: May 2018

O trabalho pretende estudar as possíveis relações entre o cânone estabelecido na música do Ocidente, comparando-o com a música erudita brasileira. Para isso, apresentaremos algumas considerações do compositor Heitor Villa-Lobos sobre a música brasileira, bem como, características de suas obras com temática indígena. Em seguida, essas relações serão confrontadas com as próprias manifestações da música nativa brasileira.
How to Specify a Reference Point in Hypervolume Calculation for Fair Performance Comparison
Authors: Ishibuchi Hisao , Imada Ryo , Setoguchi Yu , Nojima Yusuke
Published: May 2018

The hypervolume indicator has frequently been used for comparing evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) algorithms. A reference point is needed for hypervolume calculation. However, its specification has not been discussed in detail from a viewpoint of fair performance comparison. A slightly worse point than the nadir point is usually used for hypervolume calculation in the EMO community. In this paper, we propose a reference point specification method for fair performance comparison of EMO algorithms. First, we discuss the relation between the reference point specification and the optimal distribution of solutions for hypervolume maximization. It is demonstrated that the optimal distribution of solutions strongly depends on the location of the reference point when a multi-objective problem has an inverted triangular Pareto front. Next, we propose a reference point specification method based on theoretical discussions on the optimal distribution of solutions. The basic idea is to specify the reference point so that a set of well-distributed solutions over the entire linear Pareto front has a large hypervolume and all solutions in such a solution set have similar hypervolume contributions. Then, we examine whether the proposed method can appropriately specify the reference point through computational experiments on various test problems. Finally, we examine the usefulness of the proposed method in a hypervolume-based EMO algorithm. Our discussions and experimental results clearly show that a slightly worse point than the nadir point is not always appropriate for performance comparison of EMO algorithms.
Anatomy of the Attraction Basins: Breaking with the Intuition
Authors: Hernando Leticia , Mendiburu Alexander , Lozano Jose A.
Published: May 2018

Solving combinatorial optimization problems efficiently requires the development of algorithms that consider the specific properties of the problems. In this sense, local search algorithms are designed over a neighborhood structure that partially accounts for these properties. Considering a neighborhood, the space is usually interpreted as a natural landscape, with valleys and mountains. Under this perception, it is commonly believed that, if maximizing, the solutions located in the slopes of the same mountain belong to the same attraction basin, with the peaks of the mountains being the local optima. Unfortunately, this is a widespread erroneous visualization of a combinatorial landscape. Thus, our aim is to clarify this aspect, providing a detailed analysis of, first, the existence of plateaus where the local optima are involved, and second, the properties that define the topology of the attraction basins, picturing a reliable visualization of the landscapes. Some of the features explored in this article have never been examined before. Hence, new findings about the structure of the attraction basins are shown. The study is focused on instances of permutation-based combinatorial optimization problems considering the 2-exchange and the insert neighborhoods. As a consequence of this work, we break away from the extended belief about the anatomy of attraction basins.
The Classification of Rewritten Scripture: A Plea for Retaining the Emic Perspective
Authors: Tiňo Jozef
Published: May 2018

The most recent discussions concerned with Rewritten Scripture compositions have been dominated by different views on whether or not it is plausible to subsume such texts within a single genre. While some scholars are convinced that we can only talk of a literary strategy, others hold that genre classification is applicable. Anders Klostergaard Petersen recently introduced the distinction between emic and etic perspectives into the debate, while denying plausibility of the former when Rewritten Scripture compositions are considered in terms of genre. The present article attempts to argue that the emic perspective can plausibly be applied in the case of Rewritten Scripture studies, representing a useful heuristic device.
Scorpiurus aramoana (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), a new species from New Zealand
Authors: BICKEL DANIEL J. , KERR DOUGLAS STEVEN
Published: May 2018

The New Zealand endemic genus Scorpiurus Parent is known from marine littoral habitats. A new species, S. aramoana sp. nov., is described from coastal Otago of the South Island. Males have diagnostic flattened and modified tarsomeres on legs I and II. A key is provided to the New Zealand genera of Hydrophorinae and the three described species of Scorpiurus.
The genus Promalactis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) in Cambodia, with description of eight new species
Authors: JIA YANYAN , WANG SHUXIA , BAE YANG-SEOP
Published: May 2018

Nine species of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 are recorded from Cambodia. Eight species are described as new: P. latiuscula Wang, sp. nov., P. curvicornuta Wang, sp. nov., P. ostacantha Wang, sp. nov., P. apicuncata Wang, sp. nov., P. granulosa Wang, sp. nov., P. argentifasciaria Wang, sp. nov., P. quadrilobata Wang, sp. nov. and P. trifasciata Wang, sp. nov. One species is newly recorded for Cambodia: P. carinata Du, Li et Wang, 2011. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided.
A new genus and species of primary freshwater crab and a new species of Artopotamon Dai & Chen, 1985 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Potamidae) from western Yunnan, China
Authors: CHU KELIN , WANG PENGFEI , SUN HONGYING
Published: May 2018

A new genus and species belonging to the primary freshwater crab family Potamidae, and a new species of the genus Artopotamon Dai & Chen, 1985, are described on the basis of remarkable G1and female gonopore characters. Semicirculara lincangensis gen. & sp. nov. and Artopotamon latopeos sp. nov. were collected from southwestern and northwestern Yunnan Province, China, respectively. All type specimens are deposited in Nanjing Normal University in Nanjing and the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing. Mitochondrial molecular data, from the partial sequence of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, are also shown to support the distinct systematic position of the new taxa.
A new black fly species of Simulium (Simulium) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Taiwan
Authors: TAKAOKA HIROYUKI , HUANG YAO-TE
Published: May 2018

A new black fly species, Simulium taichungense, is described on the basis of one female, one male and two pupal exuviae from Taiwan. This new species is placed in the S. crocinum species-group of Simulium (Simulium) (Diptera: Simuliidae). It is characterized by the pupal gill with six unpigmented short filaments and pupal abdomen with distinct spine-combs on the dorsal surface of segments 7–9, by which it is easily distinguished from most species in the S. crocinum species-group including two species from Taiwan: Simulium serenum Huang & Takaoka and S. ufengense Takaoka. It is the third species of the S. crocinum species-group from Taiwan. In addition, the male of S. serenum is described for the first time, and intraspecific variations in a few features of the male of S. chungi Takaoka & Huang of the S. chungi species-group are noted.
Microclass immobility during industrialisation in the USA and Norway
Authors: Griffiths Dave , Lambert Paul S , Zijdeman Richard L , van Leeuwen Marco HD , Maas Ineke
Published: May 2018

The ‘microclass’ approach advocated by Grusky, Weeden and colleagues emphasises fine-grained occupational differences and their relevance to social reproduction and social mobility. Using recent developments in historical occupational classifications, we adopted a microclass approach to the analysis of intergenerational social mobility using linked census data for Norway and the USA in the late 19th and early 20th century (1850–1910). We describe a procedure that offers an operationalisation of microclass units for these datasets, and show how its application enables us to disentangle different forms of immobility which would not be distinguished in other approaches. Results suggest that microclass immobility is an important part of social reproduction in both Norway and the United States during the era of industrialisation. Both countries reveal a similar balance between ‘big class’ and ‘microclass’ immobility patterns. In Norway, the relative importance of microclasses in social reproduction regimes, when compared to the role of ‘big class’ structures, seems to decline very slightly over the course of industrialisation; but in the USA the relative importance of microclasses seems if anything to increase over the period.
Moving the Needle, Raising Consciousness: The Science and Practice of Broadening Participation
Authors: McNeely Connie L. , Fealing Kaye Husbands
Published: May 2018

Research foundations for broadening participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education and the workforce appear in several different strains of social science research. The science of broadening participation (SoBP) is necessary to inform a comprehensive understanding of what the pertinent issues are, why they occur, and how various organizations—in academia, business, and government—are creating pathways toward more diverse, inclusive, and productive entities. Inspired by and building upon the 2016 Symposium on the Science of Broadening Participation, this special issue is a compendium of articles that are representative of the various topics that formed the core of the discussions that took place and of recommendations that ensued from them. Focused on questions linked to increasing the participation and inclusion of women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in STEM fields, matters related to frameworks, measurement, education, and the workforce were explored with the aim of SoBP delineation and the determination of research-based approaches for policy development and implementation. Moreover, a set of challenges is presented for scholars, analysts, and other stakeholders to pursue in furthering and supporting SoBP goals.
The Growing Field of Imaging of Atherosclerosis in Peripheral Arteries
Authors: Cattaneo Mattia , Wyttenbach Rolf , Corti Roberto , Staub Daniel , Gallino Augusto
Published: May 2018

In the past decades, peripheral arteries have represented a model for the comprehension of atherosclerosis as well as for the development of new diagnostic imaging modalities and therapeutic strategies. Peripheral arteries may represent a window to study atherosclerosis. Pathology has prominently contributed to move the clinical and research attention from the arterial lumen stenosis and angiography to morphological and functional imaging techniques. Evidence from large and prospective cohort or randomized controlled studies is still modest. Nevertheless, several emerging imaging investigations represent a potential tool for a comprehensive “in vivo” evaluation of the entire natural history of peripheral atherosclerosis. This constitutes a demanding assignment, as it would be desirable to obtain both single-lesion focused and extensive arterial system views to achieve the most accurate prognostic information. Our narrative review rests upon the fundamental pathological evidence, summarizing the rapidly growing field of imaging of atherosclerosis in peripheral arteries and presenting a selection of both currently available and emerging imaging techniques.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Coopscore© to predict liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus co-infection
Authors: Taibi Ludmia , Boyd Anders , Bosselut Nelly , Bottero Julie , Guéchot Jérôme , Lacombe Karine , Lasnier Elisabeth , Baudin Bruno , Vaubourdolle Michel
Published: May 2018

Background

Non-invasive methods for assessing liver fibrosis are increasingly used as an alternative to liver biopsy. Recently, a score-based biochemical blood test (Coopscore©) was developed in a cohort of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus, showing higher diagnostic performances than Fibrometer®, Fibrotest®, Hepascore® and Fibroscan™. Here, we assess its performance in patients co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus.

Methods

Ninety-seven human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus co-infected patients with liver biopsies were included from a previously described cohort. Histological fibrosis staging using METAVIR criteria was used as the reference. Coopscore©, Fibrotest®, Fibrometer®, Hepascore® and Zeng score were computed and compared with the Coopscore© using the Obuchowski index and area under the receiving operator characteristic curves.

Results

The distribution of liver fibrosis levels was as follows: F0–F1 ( n = 42), F2 ( n = 25), F3 ( n = 15) and F4 ( n = 15). The Obuchowski index was higher for Coopscore© (0.774) than Fibrometer® (0.668), Hepascore® (0.690) and Zeng scores (0.704) ( P < 0.05), reflecting a better ability to discriminate between fibrosis stages. Similarly, when predicting significant fibrosis (≥F2), the AUROC was significantly greater for the Coopscore© (0.836) than the Hepascore® (0.727) and Zeng scores (0.746), but not for the Fibrotest® (0.778, P = 0.14) or Fibrometer® (0.790, P = 0.19). The Coopscore© did not show a higher capacity than other scores to predict advanced fibrosis (≥F3) or cirrhosis (F4).

Conclusions

This study supports the diagnostic value of the Coospcore© in fibrosis staging among human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B virus co-infected patients, especially to predict significant fibrosis.