bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Light Review on Cyber Security Awareness Models for the Elderly
Authors: Nurul Alieyah Azam  , Alya Geogiana Buja  , Nor Masri Sahri  , Rabiah Ahmad  , Nur Fadly Habidin  , Shekh Faisal Abdul Latip  , Mohamad Yusof Darus  , Mohd Shahril Hussin  , Saharudin Saat
Published: April 2024

Millions of people use the internet daily, including the elderly, who are among the most at-risk groups for cybercrime, such as fraud, hacking, and cyberbullying. However, there has been a lack of cybercrime studies focusing on them. Additionally, various cybersecurity models deployed by governments and organizations are found to be inconvenient and too technical for the elderly, especially those with impairments or conditions that require special attention. This subsequently leads to an increasing number of cybercrimes. Therefore, this paper presents a light review of existing cybersecurity models suitable for the elderly. Three methods were used to review existing cybersecurity awareness models. First, a feasibility study was conducted following several works of literature related to cybersecurity, types of cybercrimes involving the elderly, characteristics of the elderly commonly targeted by cybercriminals, cybersecurity awareness models, and the elderly's learning styles. Second, based on the literature review, the elderly's learning styles were analyzed. Finally, the cybersecurity awareness model suitable for the elderly was chosen and analyzed with respect to their phases, validity, and technicality. In conclusion, the SCSAM-Elderly was selected as the most suitable model for the elderly to learn and spread awareness of cybersecurity. This study could increase cybersecurity awareness and encourage educating the elderly to maximize their knowledge of cybersecurity. The findings from this study can guide organizations, agencies, governments, and educational institutions in their endeavours to educate the elderly about cybercrime and cyberattacks.
Thermoacoustic Cooler with Different Waveform Excitations and the Noise Control Test
Authors: Chau Jing Bing  , Fatimah Al-Zahrah Mohd Sa'at  , Rais Haqim Rosle  , Fadhilah Shikh Anuar  , Mohd Fariz Mohd Nor  , Ernie Mat Tokit  , Patcharin Saechan
Published: April 2024

Many researchers have been devoted into improving the operation of thermoacoustic cooling system as it offers a promising alternative to traditional cooling methods. This study reported potential system’s improvements that can be obtained when it is operated with different excitation of waveforms and resonator’s material. Resonant test was first carried out to identify the frequency for the operation. Temperature drop that can be obtained by the system was then tested for sine wave, square wave and triangle wave excitations. It was found that a change in resonator material alters the resonance frequency for the operation. Resonance was recorded at 186.6 Hz when acrylic resonator was used while a resonance frequency of 170.5 Hz was found when polyvinyl-chloride’s resonator was used. In term of temperature effects, the square wave excitation resulted to the maximum temperature difference of 45.64˚°C in the acrylic resonator, followed by sine wave at 43.46°C and triangle wave came in last at 40.11°C. Then, as the polyvinyl-chloride’s resonator was used, smaller values of maximum temperature was observed with 38.07°C, 35.94°C and 30.05°C for square wave, sine wave and triangle wave, respectively.
Squeezing MHD Flow of Sodium Alginate-Based Casson Hybrid Nanofluid with Soret and Dufour Effects
Authors: Nur Azlina Mat Noor  , Shafaruniza Mahadi  , Nur Syahidah Nordin  , Masyfu'ah Mokhtar  , Norazam Arbin  , Sharidan Shafie  , Mohd Ariff Admon  , Lim Yeou Jiann
Published: April 2024

Ultrahigh-performance cooling is one of the essential requirements in the industrial technology. Hence, the new heat transfer fluid, hybrid nanofluid is introduced to increase the thermal conductivity of fluid and investigated with various physical parameters. The unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of Casson hybrid nanofluid through two surfaces in a permeable medium with chemical reaction are explored. The hybrid nanoparticles of Alumina and Copper is dispersed in the base fluid of sodium alginate . The discretize equations are solved using similarity transformation and Keller-box methods. The comparison of the current results with the published results for validation is conducted and discovered in proper agreement. The impacts of squeeze, magnetic, porous media, chemical reaction, heat sink/source, and Soret and Dufour on behaviour and physical quantities of flow are discussed. The graphical results show the squeeze of two surfaces accelerates the fluid velocity near the upper plate region. Further, the velocity slowing down when and increases, and it elevates as and rises in the middle of channel. The increment of heat transfer rate and temperature of fluid is shown for increasing Ec, y and Du, and the opposite behaviour is discovered with raise in. The fluid concentration decreases and the mass transfer rate enhances for rising Sr. The concentration enhance and rate of mass transfer reduce with the constructive chemical reaction, whereas contrary effects is shown for destructive chemical reaction.
The Influence of Compost Bin Volume and Effective Microorganisms (EM) Quantity for Efficient Food Waste Composting
Authors: Halimatus Sa’adiah Mohamed Raimi  , Nafratiti Najiha Azlan Shahrul  , Tuan Noor Hasanah Tuan Ismail  , Roslinda Ali  , Riffat Shaheed  , Fatimah Mohamed Yusop
Published: April 2024

The utilization of effective microorganisms (EM) in composting has gained substantial prominence since this additional microorganism is believed to overcome natural composting issues, such as slow decomposition and odour generation. However, a lack of awareness and education about proper composting practices involving EM can result in errors that diminish the decomposition process's effectiveness. Thus, this study aims to enhance the decomposition process's efficiency with emphasis on the balance between EM and food waste, as well as the void space within the compost bin. The investigation employed a varying EM quantity ranging from 20 to 100 ml and compost bin volumes of 6, 9, and 21 L. The food waste is mixed with 60% of the volume of each compost bin. The parameters assessed during the composting process include temperature and pH profile. Additionally, the mature sample after 20 days was then examined through the organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), and nutrient content, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). A series of controlled experiments found that the 21L compost bin possessing over 65 % free space reached a thermophilic temperature of 51.5oC within a remarkably brief one-day period and attained maturity within seven days, accompanied by a pH level of 7.4. Conversely, the 6L and 9L compost bins did not progress into the thermophilic phase or reach maturity during the seven-day observation period. The findings also indicate that the optimal quantity of EM required to decompose 600 grams of food waste exceeds 80 mL. They reached thermophilic temperature within eight days. These conditions fostered an environment conducive to accelerated decomposition and nutrient preservation. Notably, the final compost produced from these settings met established criteria for high-quality organic compost. This paper provides practical insights into achieving optimal conditions for EM application, thereby maximizing its effectiveness in food waste composting at source. Beyond the technical aspects, the research gives the broader social and environmental effects of home food waste composting, including its contribution to reducing landfill waste, greenhouse gas emissions, and community engagement.
Blok Tabanlı Kodlama Etkinliklerinin Metin Tabanlı Kodlama Etkinliklerine Etkisi
Authors: Balcı Hülya
Published: April 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı: Robotik kodlama dersinde kullanılan blok tabanlı kodlama etkinliklerinin, metin tabanlı kodlama etkinliklerine etkisi olup olmadığını incelemektir. Bu araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan durum çalışması ile analiz edilmektedir. Araştırmanın uygulama yılı 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılıdır. Bu araştırma Burdur ilinde bir özel okulda okumakta olan ve bu okula yeni kayıt yaptıran öğrenciler üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ortaokul 6.sınıf öğrencileri olan 4 kız (2’si yeni gelen) ve 4 erkek (2’si yeni gelen) toplamda 8 öğrenci üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, fotoğraf ve araştırmacının günlüğü araçları ile toplanmıştır. Bulguların sonucunda blok tabanlı kodlama eğitimi alan öğrencilerin metin tabanlı kodlamayı daha iyi kavradıkları ve öğrendikleri, blok tabanlı kodlamayı almayan öğrencilerin, metin tabanlı kodlama yaparken zorlandıkları sonucuna varılmıştır. Bunun yanında blok tabanlı kodlama etkinliklerinin, metin tabanlı kodlama etkinliklerine göre; öğrenciler tarafından daha çok tercih edildiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Institucionalização do uso de evidências em políticas no Brasil : avanços e oportunidades
Authors: Suano Bethânia , Farias Bruno Graebin de , Beidacki Carolina Scherer , Benatti Gabriela Solidario de Souza , Menin Victória Paulo , Boeira Laura dos Santos
Published: April 2024

Neste artigo debatemos a institucionalização do uso de evidências em políticas no Brasil, a partir dos domínios de governança e de parcerias, de ações colaborativas e do suporte contínuo entre organizações, que acumulam experiências intersetoriais. Considera-se que o país tem avançado na elaboração de normativas que fomentam o uso de evidências, bem como fortalecido essa pauta no organograma do governo federal, além de liderar redes nacionais e internacionais sobre o tema. No entanto, ainda há carência de mecanismos de coordenação entre instâncias e de planos específicos para atrelar as evidências ao ciclo de política, gerando duplicação de esforços e baixa sustentabilidade das ações. Como próximos passos, indica-se a integração do uso de evidências em processos de participação cidadã, de modo a fortalecer os domínios de liderança e de cultura, bem como ampliar a capacidade sistêmica de conectar demanda e oferta por evidências, fortalecendo redes e recursos humanos no campo.
Do desafio metodológico ao protagonismo brasileiro : a história da pesquisa Cobradi
Authors: Schleicher Rafael T.
Published: April 2024

Visando inicialmente entender as características da atuação e da presença externa brasileira em seus parceiros do Sul global, a pesquisa Cooperação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento Internacional (Cobradi) surge em 2010 como uma parceria entre a Agência Brasileira de Cooperação (ABC) e o Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea). Caracterizando as três fases da pesquisa Cobradi entre 2010 e 2024, este artigo tem como objetivo central discutir a superação do principal desafio da pesquisa para a geração de evidências para políticas públicas nacionais: metodologia e qualidade de dados. Argumenta-se que a aproximação da pesquisa brasileira aos debates estatísticos internacionais no âmbito da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e da Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) foram decisivos para a consolidação da pesquisa e da sua qualidade metodológica. Como conclusão, o artigo discute o protagonismo recente do Brasil nesta temática a partir dos resultados da mais recente fase da pesquisa, referente a 2021.
Terracing as an Old-Style Scheme of Soil Water Preservation in Djingliya-Mandara Mountains- Cameroon
Authors: Sone Diabe Etame , Balna Jules , Sandrine Deli Kwata
Published: April 2024

The relief and high population densities of ≥150 inhabitants/Km2in the Mandara Mountains and the drastic displacement of internally displaced persons towards these Mountains have brought about severe effects on water and soil resources. This environmental and socio-political crisis, have made agricultural production not to meet demand for food and hundreds of these rural people go hungry each day. This has constrained the inhabitants to develop various tactics of soil water preservation and landscape restoration towards fighting deficiencies in crop production to ensure food security. This study analyzes terracing as a traditional system of soil water conservation adopted by the farmers in Djingliya villages found on the Mandara Mountains. Through secondary source of information, field observation, interviews and questionnaires administered on 100 persons in five villages of the study area, results show that: soil degradation via soil resources overuse and erosion is checked by terraces. Also, the tendency of adopting local techniques is harnessed through the cultivation of plants which increase infiltration, agroforestry, crop rotation practices, Forest Landscape Conservation, Mosaic Landscape Restoration and Valorizing Local Plant Species to ensure sustainable farming activities that restore degraded land in general and terraces in particular.
Credit Card Fraud Detection System
Authors: Diwase Dhanashree , Warkari Janhavi , Gawali Abhishek , Shamkuwar Swati
Published: April 2024

Globally, credit card fraud is a serious threat to people, businesses, and financial institutions. With the rise of online transactions, fraudsters have developed clever ways to take advantage of loopholes in payment systems. Traditional fraud detection methods based on manual inspections and rules-based systems are unable to counteract this new and evolving risk. As a result, the use of data analytics and machine learning has become a viable option for real-time detection and prevention of credit card fraud. The paper looks at using machine learning algorithms such as logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, neural networks, etc. to detect fraudulent transactions We go over the importance of data sources and components, analytical metrics, and how fraud detection on the effectiveness of examples. In addition, we list the current challenges and directions in which credit card fraud detection is likely to continue, including the use of blockchain technology and sophisticated AI techniques. Overall, this study highlights the importance of credit card theft detection and the promise of machine learning in mitigating this ubiquitous problem financial institutions use advanced machine learning algorithms and analytics function to detect fraudulent behaviour, protect customer interests, and maintain payment environment integrity to improve their capabilities.
PERCEPCIÓN DE LA CALIDAD DE SERVICIO DEL TRANSPORTE MARíTIMO EN LA PATAGONIA CHILENA
Authors: Diaz Pacheco Nelson
Published: April 2024

El objetivo central de esta investigación es analizar la percepción de la calidad de servicio por parte de usuarios de la Empresa portuaria de Puerto Montt (Empormontt) que administra el transporte marí­timo en el sur de Chile, para generar información que retroalimente el proceso decisional de los prestadores de servicio. Para ello, se desarrolló un estudio no experimental y descriptivo de diseño transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Se construyó un cuestionario que recogió 20 indicadores que representaban siete dimensiones, medidos en una escala Likert de 5 puntos, el que fue aplicado a una muestra de 403 pasajeros. Se logró determinar que los usuarios del servicio poseen una calidad percibida media alta para todas las dimensiones estudiadas. La comprobación de la validez de las escalas de medida utilizadas fue desarrollada mediante el software estadí­stico SPSS 25.0. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach obtenido fue de 0,944 para el cuestionario completo, lo que indica una muy buena fiabilidad de la escala empleada. Palabras claves: Organizaciones, gobernanza organizacional, gestión de calidad, servicios portuarios.
REEMPLAZO DE PERSONAL HUMANO POR INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL: VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS
Authors: Estrada Carrera Flor Maria Lorena
Published: April 2024

En la actualidad podemos observar una tendencia a la automatización en todos los ámbitos de nuestras vidas. La materia laboral no es la excepción, cada vez son más los puestos de trabajos ocupados por robots. El presente estudio se realizó a través de una revisión bibliográfica de fuentes electrónicas tales como ebooks, documentos de sitios web y noticias, con la finalidad de establecer las principales ventajas y desventajas del reemplazo de personal humano por robots. Entre las ventajas encontramos aumento de la producción, de la calidad de los productos, precisión en el proceso, disminución de los costos de producción, reducción de los márgenes de error y de riesgos para el humano, así­ como el tiempo adicional para los lí­deres empresariales. Entre las desventajas están el aumento de la tasa de desempleo, la disminución en la recaudación de impuestos, la falta de empatí­a y el peligro de ser hackeados. Se concluye que las empresas deben buscar un equilibrio entre la máquina y el hombre, los robots fuera de reemplazar al personal humano deben ser incorporados responsablemente a los ambientes laborales.
APROXIMACIÓN TEÓRICA DE LA PROSPECTIVA ESTRATÉGICA HIBRIDA PARA LA PRAXIS GERENCIAL DE LAS PYMES. UNA MIRADA DESDE ECUADOR
Authors: Falconi Monica
Published: April 2024

Este estudio analiza la prospectiva estratégica hibrida como andamiaje teórico para la praxis gerencial de las PYMES. La investigación se basó en el contexto local de Ecuador, con una metodologí­a de carácter documental que emplea los métodos descriptivo y analí­tico. Mediante la categorización de la prospectiva estratégica con base en la planificación y la estrategia se comparan los métodos Benchmarking y Delphi. Finalmente se plantea que cada uno de los los métodos posee caracterizaciones diferentes que abordan de maneras distinta el estudio de la organización, al confrontarlos se identificaron algunas categorí­as conceptuales menos explí­cita de un método con respecto al otro. Por esta razón, esbozamos la imbricación metódica, en otras palabras, la aplicación de un método hí­brido para las PYMES con base en los métodos Benchmarking y Delphi, cuya complementariedad permitan abarcar de forma sistémica y consensualmente las caracterizaciones fundamentales dentro de la prospectiva estratégica.
INCIDENCIA DEL IMPUESTO AL VALOR AGREGADO PARA ARTESANOS EN LA RECAUDACIÓN TRIBUTARIA PERIODOS FISCALES 2018-2020
Authors: Franco Rodriguez Luis Enrique
Published: April 2024

El estudio realizado al Impuesto al Valor Agregado para artesanos periodos fiscales 2018-2020, es con el objetivo de determinar su incidencia en la recaudación tributaria, se aplicó la investigación bibliográfica documental, de tipo correlacional, con enfoque cuantitativo, se elaboró un instrumento de recolección de información de manera directa, obtenida de fuente primaria, del Servicio de Rentas Internas, que consta en su base de datos: recaudación nacional, IVA total recaudado nivel paí­s, IVA declarado por artesanos calificados y cantidad de artesanos registrados en cada dirección zonal; esta información permitió determinar matemáticamente un incremento paulatino de los artesanos registrados, siendo 58.666 en el año 2018, 69.159 en el 2019 y 72.426 en el 2020, así­ también, se determinó que se dejó de recaudar por este beneficio tributario USD 46 millones en el año 2018, USD 63 millones en el 2019 y USD 41 millones en el 2020. El incremento de artesanos es porque esta excepción les permite tener mayor competitividad en precios; pero, este crecimiento incide en la recaudación tributaria, puesto que, a mayor número de personas beneficiarias, menor IVA recaudado; y, menor participación de este impuesto en la recaudación tributaria nacional, que en términos generales es la más alta comparando con los demás impuestos.
ANíLISIS DEL CONCEPTO GESTIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO: UNA MIRADA DESDE AMÉRICA LATINA EN EL ÚLTIMO QUINQUENIO
Authors: Copaz Arandia Rosaly Alodia
Published: April 2024

Procurar referirse a gestión del conocimiento es no acertar con una definición concreta, probablemente se conozca sólo una parte de ella, dependiendo de las diversas lí­neas de investigación. Este artí­culo tiene como objetivo analizar la definición de gestión del conocimiento desde una mirada de América latina en el último quinquenio, a objeto de establecer un marco referencial para futuras investigaciones. Es por lo que el presente artí­culo se caracteriza por ser una investigación de tipo descriptiva. Se concluye que en la actualidad las organizaciones se sostienen del rol que cumple el gestionar el conocimiento y para una mejor comprensión de ésta es importante partir por analizar los enfoques de sus definiciones
Assessing the Influence of Modern Music on Ghanaian Lifestyles and Culture
Authors: Amparbin Ernest Francis , Appiah Wilson-Albert
Published: April 2024

The study focused on the influence of modern music (Hiplife, Dance Hall, Drill, Afrobeat) on the youth, other patrons and culture. The researchers are of the view that the impact of modern music and its related practices, including lifestyles on most consumers particularly the youth, has culminated into a plethora of vices which the fundamentals of Ghanaian culture frowns upon. Data was gathered through the use of the descriptive survey, purposive sampling and unstructured interviews to elicit information from Tertiary students, High school students, Heads of schools, Parents and Guardians in the Greater Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. The findings showed that music and daily human activities are inseparable, therefore, as patrons consume the brand they are easily attracted to the visuals, lyrics of the music, utterances and the general behaviour of the artist, which are mostly emulated by fans. The authors recommend that since music and the activities of the artist massively affect patrons holistically, steps must be taken by the appropriate state institutions to put in measures to check what musicians or artists put across as music, dress code, lyrics, actions on stage to the audience as part of their performances. This is to check the levels of acculturation and its negative effects to safeguard the foundations of Ghanaian culture and to protect its identity.

Keywords: Social life, Modern music, Culture and Crime, Lifestyle, Impact.
NORAH LANGE, ENCRUCIJADAS DE UNA VOZ CANSADA
Authors: Domínguez Nora
Published: April 2024

Este trabajo intenta situar la primera novela de Norah Lange,
Voz de la vida
, en el conjunto de su producción teniendo en cuenta las críticas negativas que recibió y la escasa continuidad de su forma en la producción posterior. La lectura destaca el uso del género epistolar y la novela romántica como géneros considerados negativamente “femeninos” por la reproducción de estereotipos sociales y de escritura. La noción de cansancio sirve para ligar estados afectivos y corporales con agotamientos de procedimientos literarios. El ensayo pone en relación esta novela con un relato posterior “Vacilante juego mortal” donde se reiteran los encorsetamientos del amor romántico y con un prólogo a una de las novelas de María Luisa Bombal en el que reflexiona cómo incide la categorización de escritura femenina sobre las mismas escritoras.
THE EFFECTS OF EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS ON GREEN TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION IN MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Wang Chengyuan , Li Wanyi , Li Jun , Wan Liang
Published: April 2024

The increasing intensity and frequency of extreme climate events have made improving the adaptability to extreme climate events a strategic imperative for manufacturing companies. This paper investigates whether manufacturing enterprises increase green technology innovation affected by different extreme climate events. Based on panel data of Chinese listed manufacturing enterprises, we show that extreme precipitation events can positively promote green technology innovation, yet extreme temperature events do not. Heterogeneity analyses suggest that the effect of extreme precipitation events on green technology innovation is more significant for non-state-owned enterprises, poor performance enterprises, and high R&D intensity enterprises than other enterprises. Furthermore, the facilitating effect of extreme precipitation events on green technology innovation is merely temporary.
Foreground Dust Properties toward the Cluster NGC 7380
Authors: Singh Sadhana , Pandey Jeewan C. , Hoang Thiem , Panwar Neelam , Medhi Biman J. , Joshi Vishal , Ganesh Shashikiran
Published: April 2024

Using starlight polarization, we present the properties of foreground dust toward cluster NGC 7380 embedded in H ii region Sh 2-142. Observations of starlight polarization are carried out in four filters using an imaging polarimeter equipped with a 104 cm ARIES telescope. Polarization vectors of stars are aligned along the Galactic magnetic field. Toward the east and southeast regions, the dust structure appears much denser than in other regions (inferred from extinction contours and a color composite image) and is also reflected in polarization distribution. We find that the polarization degree and extinction tend to increase with distance and indication for the presence of a dust layer at a distance of around 1.2 kpc. We have identified eight potential candidates exhibiting intrinsic polarization by employing three distinct criteria to distinguish between stars of intrinsic polarization and interstellar polarized stars. For interstellar polarized stars, we find that the maximum polarization degree increases with the color excess and has a strong scatter, with the mean value of 1.71% ± 0.57%. The peak wavelength spans 0.40–0.88 μm, with a mean value of 0.56 ± 0.07 μm, suggesting similar grain sizes in the region to those in the average diffuse interstellar medium. The polarization efficiency is also found to decrease with visual extinction as

P

max

/

A

V

∝

A

V

−
0.61

. Our observational results are found to be consistent with the predictions by the radiative torque alignment theory.
An Angular Diameter Measurement of β UMa via Stellar Intensity Interferometry with the VERITAS Observatory
Authors: Acharyya A. , Aufdenberg J. P. , Bangale P. , Bartkoske J. T. , Batista P. , Benbow W. , Chromey A. J. , Davis J. D. , Feng Q. , Foote G. M. , Furniss A. , Hanlon W. , Hinrichs C. E. , Holder J. , Jin W. , Kaaret P. , Kertzman M. , Kieda D. , Kleiner T. K. , Korzoun N. , LeBohec T. , Lisa M. A. , Lundy M. , Matthews N. , McGrath C. E , Millard M. J. , Moriarty P. , Nikkhah S. , O’Brien S. , Ong R. A. , Pohl M. , Pueschel E. , Quinn J. , Rabinowitz P. L. , Ragan K. , Roache E. , Rose J. G. , Sackrider J. L. , Sadeh I. , Saha L. , Sembroski G. H. , Shang R. , Tak D. , Ticoras M. , Tucci J. V. , Williams D. A. , Wong S. L. ,   The VERITAS Collaboration
Published: April 2024

We use the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging telescope Array System (VERITAS) imaging air Cherenkov telescope array to obtain the first measured angular diameter of β UMa at visual wavelengths using stellar intensity interferometry (SII) and independently constrain the limb-darkened angular diameter. The age of the Ursa Major moving group has been assessed from the ages of its members, including nuclear member Merak (β UMa), an A1-type subgiant, by comparing effective temperature and luminosity constraints to model stellar evolution tracks. Previous interferometric limb-darkened angular-diameter measurements of β UMa in the near-infrared (Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) Array, 1.149 ± 0.014 mas) and mid-infrared (Keck Nuller, 1.08 ± 0.07 mas), together with the measured parallax and bolometric flux, have constrained the effective temperature. This paper presents current VERITAS-SII observation and analysis procedures to derive squared visibilities from correlation functions. We fit the resulting squared visibilities to find a limb-darkened angular diameter of 1.07 ± 0.04 (stat) ± 0.05 (sys) mas, using synthetic visibilities from a stellar atmosphere model that provides a good match to the spectrum of β UMa in the optical wave band. The VERITAS-SII limb-darkened angular diameter yields an effective temperature of 9700 ± 200 ± 200 K, consistent with ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and an age of 390 ± 29 ± 32 Myr, using MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks. This age is consistent with 408 ± 6 Myr from the CHARA Array angular diameter.
Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distances with JWST: An Absolute Calibration in NGC 4258 and First Applications to Type Ia Supernova Hosts
Authors: Anand Gagandeep S. , Riess Adam G. , Yuan Wenlong , Beaton Rachael , Casertano Stefano , Li Siyang , Makarov Dmitry I. , Makarova Lidia N. , Tully R. Brent , Anderson Richard I. , Breuval Louise , Dolphin Andrew , Karachentsev Igor D. , Macri Lucas M. , Scolnic Daniel
Published: April 2024

The tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) allows for the measurement of precise and accurate distances to nearby galaxies based on the brightest ascent of low-mass red giant branch stars before they undergo the helium flash. With the advent of JWST, there is great promise to utilize the technique to measure galaxy distances out to at least 50 Mpc, significantly further than the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST's) reach of 20 Mpc. However, with any standard candle, it is first necessary to provide an absolute reference. Here, we use Cycle 1 data to provide an absolute calibration in the F090W filter. F090W is most similar to the F814W filter commonly used for TRGB measurements with HST, which had been adopted by the community due to its minimal dependence on the underlying metallicities and ages of stars. The imaging we use was taken in the outskirts of NGC 4258, which has a direct geometrical distance measurement from the Keplerian motion of its water megamaser. Utilizing several measurement techniques, we find

M
TRGB

F
090
W

= −4.362 ± 0.033 (stat) ± 0.045 (sys) mag (Vega) for the metal-poor TRGB. We also perform measurements of the TRGB in two Type Ia supernova hosts, NGC 1559 and NGC 5584. We find good agreement between our TRGB distances and previous determinations of distances to these galaxies from Cepheids (Δ = 0.01 ± 0.06 mag), with these differences being too small to explain the Hubble tension (∼0.17 mag). In addition, we showcase the serendipitous discovery of a faint dwarf galaxy near NGC 5584.
Exploring the Jet Formation in Binary Systems Applying 3D MHD Simulations
Authors: Sheikhnezami Somayeh , Sepahvand Mostafa
Published: April 2024

We investigate the formation of an ideal magnetized jet that originates from a disk acting as a boundary by conducting axisymmetric MHD simulations. Our simulations demonstrate that the magnetized jet is consistently launched and reaches a stable state. To further advance our study, we extended the model setup to three dimensions and performed 3D MHD simulations of the jet launched from a disk surface, achieving a stable and appropriate model setup. Additionally, we expanded our study by incorporating the companion star and examining the influence of the Roche potential on the jet material. Specifically, we investigate whether including the companion star in the model significantly affects the dynamical evolution of the jet. Our findings reveal the formation of an arc-like structure in the density map of the jet cross section, which is attributed to the direct tidal effects. This implies that while the primary physical effects and characteristics of the outflow on a larger scale are attributed to the host accretion disk, the direct tidal effects on the jet dynamics have a substantial impact, particularly in the vicinity of the Roche lobe and toward the secondary star.
Dark Dragon Breaks Magnetic Chain: Dynamical Substructures of IRDC G28.34 Form in Supported Environments
Authors: Liu 刘 Junhao 峻 豪 , Zhang Qizhou , Lin Yuxin , Qiu Keping , Koch Patrick M. , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Li Zhi-Yun , Girart Josep Miquel , Pillai Thushara G. S. , Li Shanghuo , Chen Huei-Ru Vivien , Ching Tao-Chung , Ho Paul T. P. , Lai Shih-Ping , Rao Ramprasad , Tang Ya-Wen , Wang Ke
Published: April 2024

We have comprehensively studied the multiscale physical properties of the massive infrared dark cloud G28.34 (the Dragon cloud) with dust polarization and molecular line data from Planck, FCRAO-14 m, James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We find that the averaged magnetic fields of clumps tend to be either parallel with or perpendicular to the cloud-scale magnetic fields, while the cores in clump MM4 tend to have magnetic fields aligned with the clump fields. Implementing the relative orientation analysis (for magnetic fields, column density gradients, and local gravity), velocity gradient technique, and modified Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi analysis, we find that G28.34 is located in a trans-to-sub-Alfvénic environment; the magnetic field is effectively resisting gravitational collapse in large-scale diffuse gas, but is distorted by gravity within the cloud and affected by star formation activities in high-density regions, and the normalized mass-to-flux ratio tends to increase with increasing density and decreasing radius. Considering the thermal, magnetic, and turbulent supports, we find that the environmental gas of G28.34 is in a supervirial (supported) state, the infrared dark clumps may be in a near-equilibrium state, and core MM4-core4 is in a subvirial (gravity-dominant) state. In summary, we suggest that magnetic fields dominate gravity and turbulence in the cloud environment at large scales, resulting in relatively slow cloud formation and evolution processes. Within the cloud, gravity could overwhelm both magnetic fields and turbulence, allowing local dynamical star formation to happen.
Turbulence, and Proton and Electron Heating Rates in the Solar Corona: Analytical Approach
Authors: Adhikari Laxman , Zank Gary P. , Telloni Daniele , Zhao Lingling , Wang Bingbing , Webb Gary , Tang Bofeng , Nykyri Katariina
Published: April 2024

Analytical solutions for 2D and slab turbulence energies in the solar corona are presented, including a derivation of the corresponding correlation lengths, with implications for the proton and electron temperatures in the solar corona. These solutions are derived by solving the transport equations for 2D and slab turbulence energies and their correlation lengths, as well as proton and electron pressures. The solutions assume background profiles for the solar wind speed, solar wind mass density, and Alfvén velocity. Our analytical solutions can be related to those obtained from joint Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter Metis coronagraph observations, as reported in Telloni et al. We find that the solution for 2D turbulence energy in the absence of nonlinear dissipation decreases more slowly compared to the dissipative solution. The solution for slab turbulence energy with no dissipation exhibits a more rapid increase compared to the dissipative solution. The proton heating rate is found to be about 82% of the total plasma heating rate at 6.3 R
⊙, which gradually decreases with increasing distance, eventually becoming ∼80% of the total plasma heating rate at ∼13 R
⊙, consistent with that found by Bandyopadhyay et al. (2023). These analytical solutions provide valuable insight for our understanding of turbulence, and its effect on proton and electron heating rates, in the solar corona. We compare the numerically solved turbulent transport equations for the 2D and slab turbulence energies, correlation lengths, and proton and electron pressures with the analytical solutions, finding good agreement between them.
Cost of Inferred Nuclear Parameters toward the f-mode Dynamical Tide in Binary Neutron Stars
Authors: Pradhan Bikram Keshari , Ghosh Tathagata , Pathak Dhruv , Chatterjee Debarati
Published: April 2024

Gravitational-wave (GW) observations from neutron stars (NSs) in a binary system provide an excellent scenario to constrain the nuclear parameters. The investigation of Pratten et al. has shown that the ignorance of f-mode dynamical tidal correction in the GW waveform model of the binary NS system can lead to substantial bias in the measurement of NS properties and NS equations of state. In this work, we investigate the bias in the nuclear parameters resulting from the ignorance of dynamical tidal correction. In addition, this work demonstrates the sensitivity of the nuclear parameters and the estimated constraints on nuclear parameters and NS properties from future GW observations. We infer the nuclear parameters from GW observations by describing the NS matter within the relativistic mean field model. For a population of GW events, we notice that the ignorance of dynamical tide predicts a lower median for nucleon effective mass (m*) by ∼6% compared to the scenario when dynamical tidal correction is considered. Whereas, at a 90% credible interval, m* gets constrained up to ∼5% and ∼3% in A+ (the LIGO-Virgo detectors with a sensitivity of the fifth observing run) and Cosmic Explorer, respectively. We also discuss the resulting constraints on all other nuclear parameters, including compressibility, symmetry energy, and slope of symmetry energy, considering an ensemble of GW events. We do not notice any significant impact in analyzing nuclear parameters other than m* due to the ignorance of f-mode dynamical tides.
Galactic Magnetic Fields. I. Theoretical Model and Scaling Relations
Authors: Chamandy Luke , Nazareth Rion Glenn , Santhosh Gayathri
Published: April 2024

Galactic dynamo models have generally relied on input parameters that are very challenging to constrain. We address this problem by developing a model that uses observable quantities as input: the galaxy rotation curve, the surface densities of the gas, stars and star formation rate, and the gas temperature. The model can be used to estimate parameters of the random and mean components of the magnetic field, as well as the gas scale height, root-mean-square velocity and the correlation length and time of the interstellar turbulence, in terms of the observables. We use our model to derive theoretical scaling relations for the quantities of interest, finding reasonable agreement with empirical scaling relations inferred from observation. We assess the dependence of the results on different assumptions about turbulence driving, finding that agreement with observations is improved by explicitly modeling the expansion and energetics of supernova remnants. The model is flexible enough to include alternative prescriptions for the physical processes involved, and we provide links to two open-source python programs that implement it.
GRB 221009A: Spectral Signatures Based on ALPs Candidates
Authors: Avila Rojas D. , Hernández-Cadena S. , González M. M. , Pratts A. , Alfaro R. , Serna-Franco J.
Published: April 2024

GRB 221009A has posed a significant challenge to our current understanding of the mechanisms that produce TeV photons in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). On one hand, the Klein–Nishina (KN) effect of the inverse Compton scattering leads to less efficient energy losses of high-energy electrons. On the other hand, at a redshift of 0.151, the TeV spectrum of GRB 221009A undergoes significant absorption by the extragalactic background light (EBL). Therefore, the observation of a 13 TeV photon in this event implies the presence of enormous photon fluxes at the source, which the synchrotron self-Compton mechanism in external shocks cannot easily generate. As an alternative, some authors have suggested the possibility of converting the TeV photons into axion-like particles (ALPs) at the host galaxy, in order to avoid the effects of EBL absorption, and then reconverting them into photons within the Milky Way. While this solution relaxes the requirement of very high photon fluxes, the KN effect still poses a challenge. Previously, we have shown that the injections of ALPs could explain the observation of 13 TeV photons. Here, we include the energy dependence of the probability of survival and the amount of energy carried to determine the ALP candidates, which could potentially explain the TeV photons observed by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory and their hard spectrum. We found that the allowed candidates are generally clustered around masses of 10−7 eV. We also considered different EBL models, for the one predicting larger attenuation tends to reject ALP candidates with the lowest coupling factor. For some hypotheses of the EBL model, these candidates are found below a region of the parameter space in which, if detected, ALPs could account for all of the cold dark matter in the Universe.
Empirical Models of the Hβ Broad Emission Line Gas Density Field
Authors: Villafaña Lizvette , Treu Tommaso , Colleyn Lourenzo , Brewer Brendon J. , Barth Aaron J. , Malkan Matthew A. , U Vivian , Bennert Vardha N.
Published: April 2024

We present the second iteration of the caramel-gas code, an empirical model of the broad-line region (BLR) gas density field. Building on the initial development and testing of caramel-gas, we expand the meaning of the model parameter α, which initially represented only the power-law index of the dependency of emissivity on radial distance. In this work, we test a more generalized radial power-law index, α, that also includes a description of the effective emitting size(s) of the BLR structure as a function of radial distance. We select a sample of 10 active galactic nuclei (AGN) from three different Lick AGN Monitoring Project campaigns to further validate the caramel-gas code and test the generalized radial power-law index, α. Our results confirm that the caramel-gas results are in general agreement with the published results determined using the original caramel code, further demonstrating that our forward modeling method is robust. We find that a positive radial power-law index is generally favored and propose three possible scenarios: (i) the BLR structure has increasing effective emitting size(s) at larger radial distances from the central source, (ii) emission is concentrated at the outer edges of the BLR, and (iii) stronger theoretical assumptions are needed to break the degeneracies inherent to the interpretation of reverberation mapping data in terms of underlying gas properties.
Scattering Cross Sections of Magnetized Particles within Intense Electromagnetic Waves: Application to Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Huang Yu-Chen , Zhong Shu-Qing , Dai Zi-Gao
Published: April 2024

Recently, Beloborodov suggested that there exists a resonance phenomenon between an extremely intense electromagnetic wave and internal magnetized particles. The particles exchange energy with the wave at frequent resonance events and then reach the radiation reaction limit immediately. This process greatly enhances the scattering cross section of the particles. Note that these results only involve an extraordinary (X) mode wave. In this paper, we focus on an intense ordinary (O) mode wave propagating through magnetized particles and compare it with the case of the X-mode wave. Our result shows that the scattering cross section of the particles in the O-mode wave is significantly smaller than that in the X-mode wave. This has important implications for the transparency of a fast radio burst (FRB) inside the magnetosphere of a magnetar. We argue that there is a strong scattering region in the stellar magnetosphere, within which an O-mode wave is more transparent than an X-mode wave for an FRB.
Statistical Analyses of Solar Prominences and Active Region Features in 304 Å Filtergrams Detected via Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang T. , Hao Q. , Chen P. F.
Published: April 2024

Solar active regions (ARs) are areas on the Sun with very strong magnetic fields where various activities take place. Prominences are one of the typical solar features in the solar atmosphere, whose eruptions often lead to solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Therefore, studying their morphological features and their relationship with solar activity is useful in predicting eruptive events and in understanding the long-term evolution of solar activities. A huge amount of data have been collected from various ground-based telescopes and satellites. The massive amounts of data make human inspection difficult. For this purpose, we developed an automated detection method for prominences and ARs above the solar limb based on deep-learning techniques. We applied it to process the 304 Å data obtained by SDO/AIA from 2010 May 13 to 2020 December 31. Besides the butterfly diagrams and latitudinal migrations of the prominences and ARs during solar cycle 24, the variations of their morphological features (such as the locations, areas, heights, and widths) with the calendar years and the latitude bands were analyzed. Most of these statistical results based on our new method are in agreement with previous studies, which also guarantees the validity of our method. The N–S asymmetry indices of the prominences and ARs show that the northern hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere in solar cycle 24, except for 2012–2015, and 2020 for ARs. The high-latitude prominences show much stronger N–S asymmetry, where the northern hemisphere is dominant in ∼2011 and ∼2015, and the southern hemisphere is dominant from 2016–2019.
Exploring the Impact of the Aging Effect on Inferred Properties of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Regnault F. , Al-Haddad N. , Lugaz N. , Farrugia C. J. , Zhuang B. , Yu W. , Strugarek A.
Published: April 2024

In situ measurements of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) when they pass over an interplanetary probe are one of the main ways we directly measure their properties. However, such in situ profiles are subject to several observational constraints that are still poorly understood. This work aims at quantifying one of them, namely, the aging effect, using a CME simulated with a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical code. The synthetic in situ profile and the instantaneous profile of the magnetic field strength differ more from each other when taken close to the Sun than far from it. Moreover, out of three properties we compute in this study (i.e., size, distortion parameter, and expansion speed), only the expansion speed shows a dependence of the aging as a function of distance. It is also the property that is the most impacted by the aging effect as it can amount to more than 100 km s−1 for CMEs observed closer than 0.15 au. This work calls for caution when deducing the expansion speed from CME profiles when they still are that close to the Sun since the aging effect can significantly impact the derived properties.