bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
External Funding and Competing Visions for Academic Counseling Psychology
Authors: Elliott Timothy R.
Published: July 2016

The major contributions by Burrow-Sánchez, Martin, and Imel and Martens et al. are the first explicitly substantive, constructive statements about extramural funding and counseling psychology to appear in The Counseling Psychologist. For over 15 years, many have recognized the importance of extramural funding to the continued presence of counseling psychology training programs in research-intensive universities. In this reaction piece, I discuss several issues that may contribute to the lack of funded research appearing in counseling psychology outlets and to the apparent small number of counseling psychology faculty members with external funds. Suggestions for allocating and managing faculty resources and demands to maximally benefit a program and for pursuing current and future funding opportunities are offered.
Spirituality, Connectedness, and Beliefs About Psychological Services Among Filipino Immigrants in Iceland
Authors: Hermannsdóttir Björg S. , Ægisdóttir Stefanía
Published: July 2016

The authors examined psychological help-seeking attitudes and intentions of 183 Filipino immigrants in Iceland who had no previous counseling experience. Using path analysis, the authors examined how Filipino immigrants’ connectedness to the Filipino and Icelandic communities mediated the relationship among length of stay in Iceland, Icelandic and English fluency, spirituality, and psychological help-seeking attitudes and intentions. The authors also assessed the relationship between perceived system barriers and psychological help seeking. Filipino immigrants’ sense of connectedness to Icelandic society mediated the relationship among length of stay, Icelandic fluency, spirituality, and expertness beliefs and help-seeking intentions. Connectedness to the Filipino community in Iceland mediated the relationship between English fluency and stigma tolerance. Greater perception of system barriers was related to lower tolerance for the stigma attached to seeking psychological help. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
How double-blind peer review works and what it takes to be a good referee
Authors: Martín Eloísa
Published: July 2016

This editorial describes the double-blind peer review process used by academic journals in the social sciences with a particular focus on the process at Current Sociology. Guidance is also provided to help referees write an appropriate and constructive review. Finally, it addresses some of the major challenges of the peer review process at the practical, epistemic and political level.
The Catholic–Orthodox Dialogue: A Catholic Ecumenical and Ecclesiological Perspective
Authors: Nichols Aidan
Published: July 2016

Having distinguished out the various Communions of Oriental Christians which might be covered by the name ‘Orthodox’, this article narrates the history of the official dialogue of the Roman Catholic Church with the Chalcedonian Orthodox, asks after the provenance of the theological notions used in that dialogue and concludes with some reflections on the primacy.
Eastern Catholic Reflections on Liturgy and Ecclesiology from East-Central Europe
Authors: Marinčák Šimon
Published: July 2016

The Byzantine Church in Slavic countries, in the act of Union with the Catholic Church, attempted to secure its rituals so that they remained untouched and unaltered. Despite the original intentions, various Latin features began to intrude into Byzantine worship and alter not only external rites but also the background of spirituality, as well as the understanding of the religion. The Byzantine Catholic Church is thus marked by a perpetual battle between new developments, usually understood as latinization, and a more conservative attitude, which attempts to conserve the original rituals as they were.
To have voice and choice: Turkish and Moroccan Dutch professionals in social work
Authors: Hendriks Peter , van Ewijk Hans
Published: July 2016

Social work in the Netherlands is attracting an increasing number of Turkish and Moroccan Dutch professionals, mostly second-generation migrant women from a Muslim background. Inspired by Amartya Sen’s capability approach, this article presents the findings of a qualitative content analysis of 40 interviews with professionals by peers from the same background. The question is, what kind of professionals do these newly started social workers desire to be and what hindrances do they encounter? The professionals challenge the dominance of Western beliefs and values. This becomes tangible in their desires and constraints and especially in the process of choice.
Alfredian Press on the Vikings
Authors: Timofeeva Olga
Published: July 2016

The aim of this paper is to investigate discourse strategies of outgroup construction in the Alfredian period (late ninth century), by using critical discourse analysis and testing its relevance for the Anglo-Saxon data. The study focuses on the Viking outgroup and its presentation in the texts of the period. The analysis also tackles earlier and later sources containing the episodes of the first encounter with the unwelcome “Other” to trace typological features of outgroup construction in medieval political discourse. The genres that are taken into account are historical writings and legislation in Anglo-Latin and Old English. It is postulated that the Alfredian texts are commissioned by the political elite—the West Saxon kingship—and produced by the symbolic elite—writers, chroniclers, copyists, the clergy more generally, with the Alfredian circle being reconstructed as a “Community of Practice” with a distinct political, cultural, and discourse agenda. The Viking raids of the period provide a “bid for counter-power,” to which the elites have to react both militarily and ideologically. The ideologies of the Anglo-Saxon elites are analyzed at the discourse level, concentrating on the strategies of outgroup derogation, e.g., criminalization of the Vikings in the chronicles. It is concluded that the chronicles can be analyzed as analogous to modern press, that they were produced and circulated to shape “public opinion” of politically and economically prominent social groups.
Community detection in dynamic social networks: A local evolutionary approach
Authors: Samie Mohammad Ebrahim , Hamzeh Ali
Published: July 2016

Communities in social networks are groups of individuals who are connected with specific goals. Discovering information on the structure, members and types of changes of communities have always been of great interest. Despite the extensive global researches conducted on these, discovery has not been confirmed yet and researchers try to find methods and improve estimated techniques by using Data Mining tools, Graph Mining tools and artificial intelligence techniques. This paper proposes a novel two-phase approach based on global and local information to detect communities in social network. It explores the global information in the first phase and then exploits the local information in the second phase to discover communities more accurately. It also proposes a novel algorithm which exploits the local information and mines deeply for the second phase. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance and achieves more accurate results compared with the previous ones.
Supporting children and families of prisoners in the North East
Authors: Hartworth Christopher , Farrant Finola , Attewell Helen
Published: July 2016

This is a reflective piece that explores how work to support children and families of prisoners in the North East of England developed from very limited provision 10 years ago to what is now a substantial and multifaceted programme. The success of the work has been driven by the voluntary sector, with one key agency in particular taking a lead, supported by research that has provided the evidence base to identify intervention points and to demonstrate effectiveness and impact. We see that the persistence and commitment of a key voluntary sector agency working in partnership with a research organisation, backed up by strategy and a supportive prison environment, has created strong children and families provision in the North East.
In the service of justice
Authors: Ekström Veronica , Lindström Peter
Published: July 2016

To hold perpetrators of domestic violence accountable and punish them for their offences has been an important goal in the political rhetoric concerning domestic violence in Sweden. Through new legislation, media campaigns and collaboration projects between the police and the social services, women who have been victims of domestic violence have been urged to report to the police and remain in the criminal investigation process. The purpose of this study is to examine whether social support given at police stations will result in more prosecutions. The study is based on data collected from police investigations and analysed by a multivariate regression method. The results show that strong evidence for prosecution, such as the presence of witnesses and documented injuries, and also the offender’s position on the allegations and whether or not the woman hesitates to participate in the criminal investigation, are the most important factors for a decision to prosecute. Support to the victim from the social services also increases the probability of prosecution, but the impact is smaller and uncertain. It is concluded that this form of support should not be based on the requirement that the woman has made a police report, but rather be given to all victims of domestic violence.
Retention during capsule endoscopy: Is it a real problem in routine practice?
Authors: Ormeci Asli Cifcibasi , Akyuz Filiz , Baran Bulent , Gokturk Suut , Ormeci Tugrul , Pinarbasi Binnur , Mutluay Soyer Ozlem , Evirgen Sami , Akyuz Umit , Karaca Cetin , Demir Kadir , Kaymakoglu Sabahattin , Besisik Fatih
Published: July 2016

Objective

This study evaluated the risks and outcomes of capsule retention during capsule endoscopy (CE) for investigating small bowel disease. Capsule retention is the most serious complication of CE.

Methods

Before CE, the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated for blockages with computerized tomography. Analysis of CE was made retrospectively.

Results

Capsule endoscopy was used to investigate obscure bleeding (90.2%; n = 324) or other symptoms (9.8%; n = 35). The capsule retention rate was 11/359 (3.1%); it was retained in a malignant lesion area (adenocarcinoma or melanoma) in two patients (18.2%), in the small bowel in an ulcerated area in five patients (45.5%), and in the oesophagus/stomach in four patients (36.4%) due to dysmotility. None of the patients had symptoms of obstruction.

Conclusions

Scanning patients before CE did not predict capsule retention. Retention is a complication of CE, but occurs as a result of the underlying disease. The risk of retention is increased in patients with motility disorders, suspected small bowel ulcers or malignancies.
Attention to affective audio-visual information: Comparison between musicians and non-musicians
Authors: Weijkamp Janne , Sadakata Makiko
Published: July 2016

Individuals with more musical training repeatedly demonstrate enhanced auditory perception abilities. The current study examined how these enhanced auditory skills interact with attention to affective audio-visual stimuli. A total of 16 participants with more than 5 years of musical training (musician group) and 16 participants with less than 2 years of musical training (non-musician group) took part in a version of the audio-visual emotional Stroop test, using happy, neutral, and sad emotions. Participants were presented with congruent and incongruent combinations of face and voice stimuli while judging the emotion of either the face or the voice. As predicted, musicians were less susceptible to interference from visual information on auditory emotion judgments than non-musicians, as evidenced by musicians being more accurate when judging auditory emotions when presented with congruent and incongruent visual information. Musicians were also more accurate than non-musicians at identifying visual emotions when presented with concurrent auditory information. Thus, musicians were less influenced by congruent/incongruent information in a non-target modality compared to non-musicians. The results suggest that musical training influences audio-visual information processing.
What Does It Cost to Improve Household Diets in Nepal? Using the Cost of the Diet Method to Model Lowest Cost Dietary Changes
Authors: Biehl Erin , Klemm Rolf D. W. , Manohar Swetha , Webb Patrick , Gauchan Devendra , West Keith P.
Published: July 2016

Background:

In Nepal, limited availability and affordability of nutritious foods contribute to malnutrition.

Objectives:

To identify nutrient deficiencies in commonly consumed diets and model lowest cost changes that could improve diet quality in 3 agroecological zones of Nepal.

Methods:

In August to September 2014, we collected market price and women’s food frequency data from 3 representative villages in Nepal’s mountains (Mahat Gaun, Jumla, n = 181 households), hills (Sitapur, Arghakhanchi, n = 166), and terai (Saigaun, Banke, n = 232) and verified local diets during women’s group discussions. Using the Cost of the Diet method, we compared models of the most nutritious version of a commonly consumed diet given locally available foods (“common diet”) with the cheapest possible diet meeting nutrient requirements, including foods not currently available (“optimal diet”).

Results:

The household common diet lacks sufficient vitamin B12, riboflavin, and calcium in the mountains; B6, B12, calcium, and iron in the hills; vitamin A, calcium, and iron in the terai. Adding fish to the mountain and hill diets and increasing dark green leafy vegetable consumption in all zones yielded nutritional adequacy. Optimal diets are more expensive than the common diet in the mountains and hills but less expensive in the terai.

Conclusion:

The modeled lowest cost diet commonly eaten in 3 Nepalese communities lacks key nutrients. Policies and interventions that increase market availability and consumption of vitamin B12- and calcium-rich fish and dark green leafy vegetables could improve local diets, particularly in the mountains and hills.
A Replication by Any Other Name
Authors: Cook Bryan G. , Collins Lauren W. , Cook Sara C. , Cook Lysandra
Published: July 2016

Replication research is essential to scientific knowledge. Reviews of replication studies often electronically search for replicat* as a textword, which does not identify studies that replicate previous research but do not self-identify as such. We examined whether the 83 intervention studies published in six non-categorical research journals in special education in 2013 and 2014 might be considered replications regardless of using the term replicat* by applying criteria related to (a) the stated purpose of the study and (b) comparing the findings of the study with the results of previous studies. We coded 26 intervention studies as replications. Authors of 17 of these studies reported that their findings solely agreed with the results of the original study(ies). Author overlap occurred for half of the replicative studies. The likelihood of findings being reproduced did not vary as a function of author overlap. We discuss implications and recommendations based on these findings.
Fluazifop-p-butyl, an aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide, diminishes renal and hepatic functions and triggers testicular oxidative stress in orally exposed rats
Authors: Ore Ayokanmi , Olayinka Ebenezer Tunde
Published: July 2016

Fluazifop- p-butyl (FPB) is a selective aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide. Its phytotoxicity mechanism involves inhibition of lipid biosynthesis, free-radical generation, and oxidative stress in vulnerable plants. This study evaluates the impact of orally administered FPB on selected tissues in non-target animal model. Twenty-four male wistar rats (160–180g) were randomized into groups (I–IV). Group-I served as control, while animals in groups II, III, and IV received FPB at 18.75, 37.5, and 75 mg/kg body weight/day p.o., respectively, for 21 days. FPB caused significant ( p < 0.05) increase in plasma biomarkers of renal and hepatic function (urea, creatinine, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase) when compared to control. Significant reductions in testicular ascorbic acid, glutathione, and activities of glutathione-S transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were observed in FPB-treated animals when compared to control, in a dose-dependent manner. This was accompanied by increased testicular lipid peroxidation in the treated groups. Furthermore, a significant decrease in testicular acid phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transferase activities was also observed in the FPB-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner compared to control. However, testicular lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased in the FPB-treated rats when compared to control. Additionally, histopathological studies revealed severe interstitial oedema and congestion of testicular blood vessels in the FPB-treated groups. Overall, data from this study suggest that FPB induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and oxidative stress-mediated alteration of testicular functions in rat.
Tolerability of Enteral Nutrition in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Septic Shock Who Require Vasopressors
Authors: Merchan Cristian , Altshuler Diana , Aberle Caitlin , Papadopoulos John , Schwartz David
Published: July 2016

Purpose:

Enteral nutrition (EN) is often held in patients receiving vasopressor support for septic shock. The rationale for this practice is to avoid mesenteric ischemia. The objective of this study is to evaluate the tolerability of EN in patients with septic shock who require vasopressor support and determine factors associated with tolerance of EN.

Materials and Methods:

This was a single-center retrospective review of adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of septic shock and an order for EN. The primary outcome was EN tolerance. Secondary outcomes included time to initiation of EN from the start of vasopressor(s), length of stay, and mortality.

Results:

A total of 120 patients were included. Sixty-two percent of patients tolerated EN. The most common reason for intolerance of EN was gastric residuals > 250 mL (74%). No reports of mesenteric ischemia were observed. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients with septic shock initiating EN within 48 hours and receiving norepinephrine-equivalent doses of 0.14 μg/kg/min or less were more likely to tolerate EN.

Conclusion:

Based on our observation, early EN may be tolerated and safely administered in patients with septic shock who are adequately fluid resuscitated and receive doses of < 0.14 μg/kg/min of norepinephrine equivalents.
Knowledge Dissemination of Intimate Partner Violence Intervention Studies Measured Using Alternative Metrics: Results From a Scoping Review
Authors: Madden Kim , Evaniew Nathan , Scott Taryn , Domazetoska Elena , Dosanjh Pritnek , Li Chuan Silvia , Thabane Lehana , Bhandari Mohit , Sprague Sheila
Published: July 2016

Alternative metrics measure the number of online mentions that an academic paper receives, including mentions in social media and online news outlets. It is important to monitor and measure dispersion of intimate partner violence (IPV) victim intervention research so that we can improve our knowledge translation and exchange (KTE) processes improving utilization of study findings. The objective of this study is to describe the dissemination of published IPV victim intervention studies and to explore which study characteristics are associated with a greater number of alternative metric mentions and conventional citations. As part of a larger scoping review, we conducted a literature search to identify IPV intervention studies. Outcomes included znumber of alternative metric mentions and conventional citations. Fifty-nine studies were included in this study. The median number of alternative metric mentions was six, and the median number of conventional citations was two. Forty-one percent of the studies (24/59) had no alternative metric mentions, and 27% (16/59) had no conventional citations. Longer time since publication was significantly associated with a greater number of mentions and citations, as were systematic reviews and randomized controlled trial designs. The majority of IPV studies receive little to no online attention or citations in academic journals, indicating a need for the field to focus on implementing strong knowledge dissemination plans. The papers receiving the most alternative metric mentions and conventional citations were also the more rigorous study designs, indicating a need to focus on study quality. We recommend using alternative metrics in conjunction with conventional metrics to evaluate the full dissemination of IPV research.
Why Are Proactive People More Satisfied With Their Job, Career, and Life? An Examination of the Role of Work Engagement
Authors: Jawahar I. M. , Liu Yongmei
Published: July 2016

This study is a response to the call to examine motivational mechanisms linking proactive personality and outcomes. We examined proactive personality as a dispositional antecedent of work and life satisfaction, asserting that work engagement mediates the proactive personality—satisfaction relationships. With data collected from 365 employees from diverse backgrounds, we found support for our research model. Results of structural equation modeling indicate that proactive personality serves as a dispositional antecedent of work engagement, and work engagement fully mediated proactive personality’s relationship with job satisfaction and partially mediated its relationship with career satisfaction and life satisfaction. We discuss implications of results for theory and practice and offer suggestions for future research.
Oral Malignant Melanoma in a Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: d’Ovidio Dario , Rossi Giacomo , Meomartino Leonardo
Published: July 2016

Oral malignant melanomas are one of the most common oral malignant neoplasms in dogs but are rare in other domesticated species. This case report describes the clinical manifestations and histological appearance of oral melanoma in a ferret ( Mustela putorius furo). To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first published description of a clinical case and histopathological findings of oral melanoma in this species.
On the relevance of gender in the analysis of discourse: A case study from Hillary Rodham Clinton’s presidential bid in 2007–2008
Authors: Romaniuk Tanya
Published: July 2016

This article presents an analysis of politicians’ laughter in broadcast news interviews and of mass media representations of Hillary Rodham Clinton’s laughter during her failed bid for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in 2007–2008. It examines spoken, interactional data and written, representational data, each requiring different theoretical and methodological apparatus. The first component of the analysis employs the methodological framework of Conversation Analysis to examine the interactional work accomplished by Clinton’s laughter and other politicians in situ (i.e. in the interviews themselves). The second component employs an indexical approach to analyze the post-hoc recontextualization of Clinton’s laughter by mainstream media as a gendered representation, namely, as a ‘cackle’. Analyzing Clinton’s laughter in talk-in-interaction and its subsequent representation in talk- out-of-interaction reveals how communicative behavior that is not gendered by original participants may nevertheless become gendered by other participants. This article thus makes a distinctive contribution to a central question in discourse studies – when exogenous categories such as gender should be invoked as an explanatory category.
Confidentiality, anonymity and amnesty for midwives in distress seeking online support – Ethical?
Authors: Pezaro Sally , Clyne Wendy , Gerada Clare
Published: July 2016

Background:

Midwife health is intrinsically linked to the quality of safe patient care. To ensure safe patient care, there is a need to deliver emotional support to midwives. One option that midwives may turn to may be a confidential online intervention, instead of localised, face-to-face support.

Research design:

Following the Realist And MEta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards publication standards, this realist synthesis approach explores the ethical considerations in permitting confidentiality, anonymity and amnesty in online interventions to support midwives in work-related psychological distress. An iterative search methodology was used to select nine papers for review. To assimilate information, papers were examined for ideas relating to ethical dimensions of online interventions to support midwives in work-related psychological distress. This review takes a narrative approach.

Findings:

Online interventions can support the development of insight, help seeking and open discussion. Additionally, Internet support groups can become morally persuasive in nature. Anonymity and confidentiality are both effective and therapeutic features of online interventions when used in collaboration with effective online moderation. Yet, ethical dilemmas remain where users cannot be identified.

Discussion:

Confidentiality and anonymity remain key components of successful online interventions. However, sanctioning the corollary component of amnesty may provoke moral discomfort for those seeking immediate accountability. For others, amnesty is seen as essential for open disclosure and help seeking. Ultimately, the needs of midwives must be balanced with the requirement to protect the public and the professional reputation of midwifery.

Conclusion:

In supporting midwives online, the principles of anonymity, confidentiality and amnesty may evoke some resistance on ethical grounds. However, without offering identity protection, it may not be possible to create effective online support services for midwives. The authors of this article argue that the principles of confidentiality, anonymity and amnesty should be upheld in the pursuit of the greatest benefit for the greatest number of people.
Pursuing Authenticity From Process to Outcome in a Community-Based Participatory Research Study of Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Vulnerability in North Karnataka, India
Authors: Blanchard Andrea Katryn , Sangha Chaitanya AIDS Tadegattuva Mahila , Nair Sapna G. , Thalinja Raghavendra , Srikantamurthy H.S. , Ramanaik Satyanaryana , Javalkar Prakash , Pillai Priya , Isac Shajy , Collumbien Martine , Heise Lori , Bhattacharjee Parinita , Bruce Sharon Gail
Published: July 2016

Community-based participatory research has been seen to hold great promise by researchers aiming to bridge research and action in global health programs and practice. However, there is still much debate around whether achieving authenticity in terms of in-depth collaboration between community and academic partners is possible while pursuing academic expectations for quality. This article describes the community-based methodology for a qualitative study to explore intimate partner violence and HIV/AIDS among women in sex work, or female sex workers, and their male partners in Karnataka, South India. Developed through collaborative processes, the study methodology followed an interpretive approach to qualitative inquiry, with three key components including long-term partnerships, knowledge exchange, and orientation toward action. We then discuss lessons learned on how to pursue authenticity in terms of truly collaborative processes with inherent value that also contribute to, rather than hinder, the instrumental goal of enhancing the quality and relevance of the research outcomes.
Catalyzing Transdisciplinarity: A Systems Ethnography of Cancer–Obesity Comorbidity and Risk Coincidence
Authors: Graham S. Scott , Harley Amy , Kessler Molly M. , Roberts Laura , DeVasto Dannielle , Card Daniel J. , Neuner Joan M. , Kim Sang-Yeon
Published: July 2016

Effectively addressing wicked health problems, that is, those arising from complex multifactorial biological and socio-economic causes, requires transdisciplinary action. However, a significant body of research points toward substantial difficulties in cultivating transdisciplinary collaboration. Accordingly, this article presents the results of a study that adapts Systems Ethnography and Qualitative Modeling (SEQM) in response to wicked health problems. SEQM protocols were designed to catalyze transdisciplinary responses to national defense concerns. We adapted these protocols to address cancer–obesity comorbidity and risk coincidence. In so doing, we conducted participant-observations and interviews with a diverse range of health care providers, community health educators, and health advocacy professionals who target either cancer or obesity. We then convened a transdisciplinary conference designed to catalyze a coordinated response. The findings offer productive insights into effective ways of catalyzing transdisciplinarity in addressing wicked health problems action and demonstrate the promise of SEQM for continued use in health care contexts.
Hybrid active suspension system of a helicopter main gearbox
Authors: Rodriguez Jonathan , Cranga Paul , Chesne Simon , Gaudiller Luc
Published: July 2016

This paper considers experiments on the control of a helicopter gearbox hybrid electromagnetic suspension. As the new generation of helicopters includes variable engine revolutions per minute (RPMs) during flight, it becomes relevant to add active control to their suspension systems. Most active system performance derives directly from the controller construction, its optimization to the system controlled, and the disturbances expected. An investigation on a feedback and feedforward filtered-x least mean square (FXLMS) control applied to an active DAVI suspension has been made to optimize it in terms of narrow-band disturbance rejection. In this paper, we demonstrate the efficiency of a new hybrid active suspension by combining the advantages of two different approaches in vibration control: resonant absorbers and active suspensions. Here, a hybrid active suspension based on the passive vibration filter called DAVI is developed. The objective of this paper is to prove the relevancy of coupling a resonant vibration absorber with a control actuator in order to create an active suspension with larger bandwidth efficiency and low energy consumption. The simulations and experimentation achieved during this suspension system development support this hypothesis and illustrate the efficiency and low energy cost of this smart combination.
Investigation on sound transmission through thick-wall cylindrical shells using 3D- theory of elasticity in the presence of external and mean air-gap flow
Authors: Daneshjou K , Talebitooti R , Tarkashvand A
Published: July 2016

This paper studies the effects of an external mean flow and an internal air-gap mean flow on sound transmission through a double-wall thick cylindrical shell. Due to the major influence of some effective terms such as membrane, bending, transverse shearing and rotational inertia on thick-walled shell, three-dimensional theory of elasticity is used to obtain the governing equations of motion. Therefore, Newton’s second law is utilized to develop the equilibrium equations for an infinitesimal element in cylindrical coordinates. Then, the equations of motion related to the circular hollow cylinders are solved using Helmholtz potentials for arbitrary values of physical and geometrical parameters. In addition, by coupling of both inner and outer shells, a modal transfer matrix is created. This modal matrix stands for the global dynamic equilibrium of the double-wall cylinder. Moreover, the sound transmission Loss of the double-wall cylinder excited by an acoustic oblique plane wave with two angles of incident (i.e. elevation and azimuth angles) is predicted. Due to lack of studies in the field of sound transmission through the thick-walled shell, the results obtained in this study are compared with those from other researchers for a thin cylindrical shell. These results indicate an excellent agreement in comparison with each other. Furthermore, the results reveal that with thickening of the shell, critical and coincidence frequencies are getting closer to ring frequency. Moreover, the effects of external and air-gap flows on TL behave in similar way whereas the Mach number is positive. In addition, an improvement of transmission loss can be found whereas the Mach number is negative; particularly this enhancement is more specified for the external flow. Finally, the results indicate that where both external and air-gap fluids simultaneously flow in opposite directions [Formula: see text] the TL is significantly enhanced. However, for the case where these two fluids flow in the same direction [Formula: see text] the TL is decreased.
Investigating the behavioural effects of a mobile-phone based home telehealth intervention in people with insulin-requiring diabetes: Results of a randomized controlled trial with patient interviews
Authors: Baron Justine Sita , Hirani Shashivadan Parbat , Newman Stanton Peter
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Evidence supporting home telehealth effects on clinical outcomes in diabetes is available, yet mechanisms of action for these improvements remain poorly understood. Behavioural change is one plausible explanation. This study investigated the behavioural effects of a mobile-phone based home telehealth (MTH) intervention in people with diabetes. It was hypothesized that MTH would improve self-efficacy, illness beliefs, and diabetes self-care.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial compared standard care to standard care supplemented with MTH (self-monitoring, data transmission, graphical and nurse-initiated feedback, educational calls). Self-report measures of self-efficacy, illness beliefs, and self-care were repeated at baseline, three months, and nine months. MTH effects were based on the group by time interactions in hierarchical linear models and effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Interviews with MTH participants explored the perceived effects of MTH on diabetes self-management.

Results

Eighty-one participants were randomized to the intervention ( n = 45) and standard care ( n = 36). Significant group by time effects were observed for five out of seven self-efficacy subscales. Effect sizes were large, particularly at nine months. Interaction effects for illness beliefs and self-care were non-significant, but effect sizes and confidence intervals suggested MTH may positively affect diet and exercise. In interviews, MTH was associated with increased awareness, motivation, and a greater sense of security. Improved self-monitoring and diet were reported by some participants.

Discussion

MTH empowers people with diabetes to manage their condition and may influence self-care. Future MTH research would benefit from investigating behavioural mechanisms and determining patient profiles predictive of greater behavioural effectiveness.
Form or function: Does focusing on body functionality protect women from body dissatisfaction when viewing media images?
Authors: Mulgrew Kate E , Tiggemann Marika
Published: July 2016

We examined whether shifting young women’s ( N =322) attention toward functionality components of media-portrayed idealized images would protect against body dissatisfaction. Image type was manipulated via images of models in either an objectified body-as-object form or active body-as-process form; viewing focus was manipulated via questions about the appearance or functionality of the models. Social comparison was examined as a moderator. Negative outcomes were most pronounced within the process-related conditions (body-as-process images or functionality viewing focus) and for women who reported greater functionality comparison. Results suggest that functionality-based depictions, reflections, and comparisons may actually produce worse outcomes than those based on appearance.
Weight stigma in frequent exercisers: Overt, demeaning and condescending
Authors: Flint Stuart W , Reale Sophie
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to qualitatively examine weight stigma in individuals who exercise frequently. In total, six focus groups, comprising 30 participants aged 18–25 years, were conducted using convenience sampling. All participants were frequent exercisers. Five themes emerged in the data with participants discussing bullying, the consequences of obesity, causes of obesity, lack of willpower and interventions to reduce obesity. This study is the first qualitative examination of weight stigmatisation in frequent exercisers, where the beliefs reported by focus group participants suggest that frequent exercisers stigmatise, discriminate and dehumanise obese people. Future research to examine the impact of weight stigma on exercise motivation and behaviour of obese people appears warranted.
Size effect on shear strength of reinforced concrete beams with tension reinforcement ratio
Authors: Jeong Chan-Yu , Kim Hyeong-Gook , Kim Sang-Woo , Lee Kang-Seok , Kim Kil-Hee
Published: July 2016

It is well known that shear stress at peak of reinforced concrete beams decreases with increasing effective depth. Thus, several existing design codes and models have included various forms of formulas considering the size effect on shear strength of reinforced concrete beams; however, past experimental researches show that tension reinforcement ratio is also associated with the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams. To examine the effect of tension reinforcement ratio and effective depth on shear strength of reinforced concrete beams, this study has conducted experiments in which the effective depth (150, 300, 500, and 780 mm) and tension reinforcement ratio (1%, 2%, and 3%) are employed as variables. Besides, a formula for the shear strength considering both variables is proposed based on data samples collected from the present experiment and previous research. The proposed formula gives predictions comparable to the results of existing shear tests. Furthermore, rational predictions are made for effective depth of beams, compressive strength of concrete, shear span-to-depth ratio, and even tension reinforcement ratio exceeding 3%.
Protection against death and renal failure by renin-angiotensin system blockers in patients with diabetes and kidney disease
Authors: Shen Jian , Huang Yan-Mei , Song Xin-Nan , Hong Xue-Zhi , Wang Min , Ling Wei , Zhang Xiao-Xi , Zhao Hai-Lu
Published: July 2016

Introduction:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are widely used to block the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Yet it remains uncertain whether these drugs are equally effective and safe.

Methods:

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of ACEis/ARBs in diabetes and kidney disease published in PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases were searched for clinical outcomes including all-cause mortality, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), hyperkalemia and cough.

Results:

Eight meta-analyses included 2177–61,264 patients with follow-up of 6–108 months. RAS blockers reduced mortality (relative risk ratio (RR), 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–0.95) without heterogeneity. The death protection was significant specifically with ACEis (RR, 0.85, 95% CI, 0.79–0.91), but not with ARBs. Protection against ESRD was homogenously evident by ARBs (RR, 0.79, 95% CI, 0.73–0.87), ACEis (RR, 0.79, 95% , 0.64–0.94), and both (RR, 0.79, 95% CI, 0.73–0.87). Significant side effects were hyperkalemia by ARBs (RR, 2.44, 95% CI, 1.13–5.26), and cough by ACEis (RR, 2.38, 95% CI, 1.75–3.22)

Conclusions:

In patients with diabetes and kidney disease, ACEis and ARBs are consistently protective for the development of ESRD. Use of ACEis alone additionally reduces deaths and increases the risk for cough. Use of ARBs alone increases the risk for hyperkalemia without additional benefit of death protection.
A global expectation-maximization based on memetic swarm optimization for structural damage detection
Authors: Santos Adam , Silva Moisés , Santos Reginaldo , Figueiredo Eloi , Sales Claudomiro , Costa João C. W. A.
Published: July 2016

During the service life of engineering structures, structural management systems attempt to manage all the information derived from regular inspections, evaluations and maintenance activities. However, the structural management systems still rely deeply on qualitative and visual inspections, which may impact the structural evaluation and, consequently, the maintenance decisions as well as the avoidance of collapses. Meanwhile, structural health monitoring arises as an effective discipline to aid the structural management, providing more reliable and quantitative information; herein, the machine learning algorithms have been implemented to expose structural anomalies from monitoring data. In particular, the Gaussian mixture models, supported by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for parameter estimation, have been proposed to model the main clusters that correspond to the normal and stable state conditions of a structure when influenced by several sources of operational and environmental variations. Unfortunately, the optimal parameters determined by the EM algorithm are heavily dependent on the choice of the initial parameters. Therefore, this paper proposes a memetic algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the stability and reliability of the EM algorithm, a global EM (GEM-PSO), in searching for the optimal number of components (or data clusters) and their parameters, which enhances the damage classification performance. The superiority of the GEM-PSO approach over the state-of-the-art ones is attested on damage detection strategies implemented through the Mahalanobis and Euclidean distances, which permit one to track the outlier formation in relation to the main clusters, using real-world data sets from the Z-24 Bridge (Switzerland) and Tamar Bridge (United Kingdom).
A method to evaluate stiffness and damping parameters of cabin suspension system for heavy truck
Authors: Zhao Leilei , Zhou Changcheng , Yu Yuewei , Yang Fuxing
Published: July 2016

Both stiffness and damping parameters of cabin suspension have important influences on the dynamic performance of cabin system for heavy truck. To theoretically study ride comfort of cabin system, the stiffness and damping parameter values of cabin suspension are often required. At present, there is no convenient method unless by bench test to accurately obtain all the stiffness and damping parameters; however, the cost of bench test is relatively high and inconvenient. In this article, according to the real cabin system of a heavy truck, a 3 degree-of-freedom cabin system linear model was presented and its vibration equations were built. By the tested cabin suspension excitations and seat acceleration response, based on curve fitting method, a stiffness and damping parameter identification mathematical model was established. With a practical example of cabin system, the stiffness and damping parameters were identified and validated by bench test. The results show that the built model and the proposed method are workable and lay a good foundation for the theoretical analysis and/or optimal design of cabin suspension to improve ride comfort.
Vortex-induced vibration of a tube array with a large pitch-to-diameter ratio value
Authors: Jiang Bin , Zhang Xu , Xiao Xiaoming , Zhang Luhong
Published: July 2016

To study the vortex-induced vibration behaviors of tube arrays with large pitch-to-diameter ratio values, an experiment has been conducted by testing the responses of an elastically mounted tube in a fixed normal triangular tube array with five rows and a pitch-to-diameter ratio value of 2.5 in a water tunnel subjected to cross-flow. The amplitude curves, power spectral density, and response frequencies were obtained in both in-line and transverse directions through the experiment. The results show that the responses obtained from the in-line direction are quite different from those obtained from the transverse direction. In the in-line vibration, there were two excitation regions, yet in the transverse vibration, there was only one excitation region. Moreover, in the in-line vibration, two obvious prominent peaks can be observed in the power spectral density of the vibration signal. The second prominent peak is a subharmonic peak. The frequency corresponding to the subharmonic peak was nearly twice as high as that corresponding to the first peak. However, in the transverse vibration, only a single broad peak existed in the power spectral density of the vibration signal. The hysteresis and the “lock-in” phenomena appeared in both the in-line and transverse vibrations. The results of study are beneficial for designing and operating devices mounted with large pitch-to-diameter ratio tube arrays, and for further research on the vortex-induced vibration of tube arrays.
Numerical simulation of turbulent flow between shrouded contra-rotating disks
Authors: Chen Shu-Xian , Zhang Jing-Zhou , Tan Xiao-Ming , Lai An-Qing
Published: July 2016

The turbulent flow between shrouded contra-rotating disks was numerically studied with a two-layer turbulence model and a modified Launder–Sharma low-Reynolds number k- ε model. The dissipation rate decrease caused by solid body rotation was considered in the second model. The comparisons of the effectiveness between these two turbulence models for capturing the critical radius of flow structure transition and reproducing the flow velocity measurements data were presented. For the flow between shrouded disks rotating at the same speed but in opposite senses, that is, the angular velocity ratio of the two disks equals to −1, the Stewartson-type flow structure is found in the cavity. For the flow with one disk rotating more slowly than the other, Stewartson-type flow coexists with Batchelor-type flow, that is, Batchelor-type flow occurs radially outward of the stagnation point where two opposing boundary layer flows meet, and Stewartson-type flow occurs radially inward. The stagnation points near the slower disk move radially outward as the angular velocity ratio decreases toward −1. Theory of rotating fluids with the presence of centrifugal and Coriolis forces stemming from the disk rotation is employed to manifest the flow structure transition mechanisms as the rotation ratio of the disks is varied. The source of the earlier transition to turbulent flow in counter-rotating disk cavity compared with rotor-stator disk cavity is also explained through the research of instability of the flowing free shear layer formed by the counter secondary circulations. With the aid of the numerical results obtained from the two turbulence models, it is found that a more turbulent flow in the core can destroy the Batchelor-type flow and creates a larger Stewartson-type flow region.
Simulation of cooling system using internal air flow with bending flow passages
Authors: Youn Chongho , Takahashi Tomohiro , Kagawa Toshiharu
Published: July 2016

Cooling after the implementation of a high-density integrated circuit manufacturing process using internal air flow within the object to be cooled is often performed in the industry. In this study, the cooling performance is predicted using a numerical simulation model and examined by the experiment when the flow rate is within 30 L/min (ANR). Three types of flow passage shapes are made with the plate size of 13.4 mm × 13.1 mm and cooling performances are compared with each other. As a result, it was confirmed that the cooling time reduced when the number of turns in the flow passage was increased and the cooling efficiency reduced when the number of turns in the flow passage was increased. It is considered that the cooling system using a flow passage with four turns is the optimal system for practical use.