bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two apheresis systems for granulocyte collection without hydroxyethyl starch
Authors: Hosoi Hiroki , Nakajima Shiho , Tsujimoto Hiroshi , Murata Shogo , Hori Yoshikazu , Kuriyama Kodai , Mushino Toshiki , Matsunami Misako , Nishikawa Akinori , Kounami Shinji , Hanaoka Nobuyoshi , Sonoki Takashi
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives

Granulocyte transfusion (GTX) is a treatment option for severe infections in patients with neutropenia. In previous studies, hydroxyethyl starch (HES) was used to enhance red blood cell sedimentation for granulocyte collection (GC). However, there are safety concerns about HES, and HES is not readily available in some countries. Therefore, we compared the granulocyte counts and GC efficiency achieved by two apheresis systems without HES.

Materials and Methods

All consecutive GC procedures performed between July 2011 and March 2018 at our hospital were analysed. COBE Spectra was used until 5 February 2016, and Spectra Optia was used afterwards. HES was not used.

Results

Twenty‐six GC procedures were performed, including 18 performed using COBE Spectra and 8 using Spectra Optia. When Spectra Optia was used, >1 × 1010 neutrophils were collected from seven of the eight (88%) procedures. Although there was no significant difference in the granulocyte yield between COBE Spectra‐based and Spectra Optia‐based GC procedures, the collection efficiency of Spectra Optia was significantly higher than that of COBE Spectra (p = 0.021). Furthermore, the granulocyte yields of Spectra Optia‐based GC tended to be more strongly correlated with the peripheral blood neutrophil count on the day of apheresis than those of COBE Spectra‐based GC.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that Spectra Optia achieves greater GC efficiency than COBE Spectra, even without HES. GTX may be a therapeutic option for severe neutropenia, even in places where HES is not available.
Underestimated diversity: Integrative taxonomy of Mesenchytraeus (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata) from Changbai Mountain, China
Authors: Chen Juanjuan , Schmelz Rüdiger M. , Zhang Junqian , Xie Zhicai
Published: November 2023

The holarctic genus Mesenchytraeus is one of the species‐rich genera in the family Enchytraeidae. Changbai Mountain supports high diversity of Mesenchytraeus species, making it an ideal area to explore species boundaries. We explored species boundaries of Mesenchytraeus using an integrative approach. Morphological taxonomy recognized 10 species in this region, five of them new to science. In contrast, molecular species delimitation analyses showed that there are at least 16 species, 11 of them new to science. Clear genetic gaps were observed among species with high interspecific distances (10%–21.2%) and low intraspecific distances (0.2%–6.7%) based on uncorrected p‐distance of the COI gene. Morphological species complex M. spermatoglomeratus consists of three species, M. spermatoglomeratus Zhang, Lu & Xie, 2018 sensu stricto, M. rijina sp. n., and M. manchu sp. n. The M. duodiverticulus complex consists of M. duodiverticulus sp. n. and M. similiduodiverticulus sp. n. The M. monodiverticulus complex consists of M. monodiverticulus Shen, Chen & Xie, 2012 sensu stricto, M. ngulen sp. n., M. zhenggulen sp. n., and M. fokulen sp. n. Further new species, distinguishable with morphological as well as molecular methods, are M. similigigachaetus sp. n., M. parvidiverticulus sp. n., M. digitalisdiverticulus sp. n., and M. infradiverticulus sp. n. Finally, we inferred the morphogenetic processes of spermathecae and sperm bundles, and filtrated some morphological characters which are useful to identify species. As the first attempt in this genus, our study provides an opportunity to discuss the currently used taxonomic criteria and acquire new ideas for the taxonomy of enchytraeids.
Reliability of Accuracy and Precision Tests for Elite Para Table Tennis Players
Authors: Galas Szymon , Andrzejewski Marcin , Pluta Beata
Published: November 2023

The primary purpose of this study was to adapt selected accuracy and precision tests in table tennis to the specific skills of elite table tennis players with impairment. The study included a sample of 23 Para table tennis players with an average age of 31.8 ± 12.22 years (including 30.4% females) who belonged to the senior Polish Para table tennis team. A battery of six tests evaluating stroke accuracy and serve precision was assessed. The analysis of the reliability of these tests confirmed the legitimacy of using this battery of accuracy and precision tests to assess the skills of Para table tennis players in all three integrated sport classes: players in wheelchairs, in a standing position, and with intellectual impairment. Analysis of the data obtained from the tests could provide coaches with relevant information regarding elite Para table tennis players’ level of performance and examine selected accuracy and precision elements of their individual technique.
The reROOT Coaching Program: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Its Impact on Coaching Style and Athlete Sports Development
Authors: Lemelin Emilie , Carpentier Joëlle , Gadoury Sophie , Petit Élodie , Forest Jacques , Richard Jean-Paul , Joussemet Mireille , Mageau Geneviève A.
Published: November 2023

The reROOT program teaches coaches 40 behaviors belonging to a need-supportive coaching style (including structure, involvement, and autonomy support), as defined by self-determination theory. This pilot randomized controlled trial, conducted during the COVID-19-related lockdown, evaluated the impact of this 18-hr program on coaching style (e.g., Problems in Sports Questionnaire) and on athlete motivation (Motivation Underlying Achievement Goals Questionnaire), performance (tactical, technical, physical, and psychological skills), and well-being (Satisfaction with Life Scale; Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). Twenty-three sports teams from two universities were randomized in the experimental or the wait-list control condition. Coaches in the experimental condition evaluated autonomy-supportive coaching styles more favorably than those in the control condition at the 1-year follow-up, but not 2 months after the end of the program. Athletes whose coaches participated in the program did not rate them as having a higher need-supportive coaching style, but experienced greater autonomous motivation and (potentially) performance, and under certain circumstances greater well-being and less controlled motivation 2 months after the end of the program compared with the wait-list condition. These findings suggest that the reROOT program could potentially improve readiness to rely on more autonomy-supportive skills and promote some aspects of sports development in athletes.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity in a Southern Brazilian City (2004–2021): Applying an Equity Lens to Time-Trend Analyses
Authors: Wendt Andrea , Knuth Alan G. , Nunes Bruno P. , de Azevedo Jr Mario Renato , Gonçalves Helen , Hallal Pedro C. , Crochemore-Silva Inácio
Published: November 2023

Background: This study aimed to verify leisure-time physical activity trends over 15 years and monitor inequalities according to gender, self-reported skin color, and socioeconomic position in a Southern Brazilian city. A secondary aim is to evaluate intersectionalities in physical activity. Methods: Trend analysis using 3 population-based surveys carried out in 2004, 2010, and 2021. Main outcome assessed was the prevalence of physical activity according to recommendations (150 min/wk). Inequalities dimensions measured were sex, self-reported skin color, and wealth. Intersectionalities were evaluated using Jeopardy index combining all inequality dimensions. Trend analysis was performed using least-squares weighted regression. Results: We included data from 3090, 2656, and 5696 adults in 2004, 2010, and 2021, respectively. Prevalence of physical activity remains stable around 25% in the 3 years. In the 3 periods evaluated, men presented a prevalence in average 10 percentage points higher than women (SII2004 = −11.1 [95% confidence interval, CI, −14.4 to −7.8], SII2021 = −10.7 [95% CI, −13.7 to −7.7]). Skin color inequalities did not present a clear pattern. Richest individuals, in general presented a prevalence of leisure-time physical activity level 20pp higher than poorest ones (SII2004 = 20.5 [95% CI, 13.7 to 27.4]; SII2021 = 16.7 [95% CI, 11.3 to 22.0]). Inequalities were widely marked, comparing the most privileged group (represented by men, the wealthiest, and White) and the most socially vulnerable group (represented by women, the poorest, and Black/Brown). The Slope Index of Inequality for intersectionalities was −24.5 (95% CI, −31.1 to −17.9) in 2004 and −18.8 in 2021 (95% CI, −24.2 to −13.4). Conclusions: Our analysis shows that women, Black/Brown, and poor present lower leisure-time physical activity level. This group is often neglected regarding other health and social outcomes.
Association Between Children’s and Parents’ Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Lagged Analysis
Authors: Szpunar Monika , Bourke Matthew , Vanderloo Leigh M. , Bruijns Brianne A. , Truelove Stephanie , Burke Shauna M. , Gilliland Jason , Irwin Jennifer D. , Tucker Patricia
Published: November 2023

Background: COVID-19 caused closures of movement supporting environments such as gyms and schools in Canada. This study evaluated the association between Ontario parents’ and children’s physical activity levels across time during COVID-19, controlling for variables that were identified as significant predictors of children’s and parents’ physical activity (e.g., children’s age, parents’ employment status). Methods: Parents (n = 243; mean age = 38.8 y) of children aged 12 and under (n = 408; mean age = 6.3 y) living in Ontario, Canada completed 2 online surveys, the first between August and December 2020 and the second between August and December 2021. At baseline, parents were asked to recall prepandemic physical activity levels. To determine the association between parent and child physical activity during COVID-19, a cross-lagged model was estimated to determine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between parents’ and children’s physical activity across time. Results: Bivariate associations revealed that parents’ and children’s physical activity levels were significantly related during lockdown and postlockdown but not prelockdown. The autoregressive paths from prelockdown to during lockdown were significant for children (β = 0.53, P < .001) and parents (β = 1.058, P < .001) as were the autoregressive paths from during lockdown to postlockdown for children (β = 0.61, P < .001) and parents (β = 0.48, P < .001). In fully adjusted models, the cross-lagged association between parents’ physical activity prelockdowns was significantly positively associated with their children’s physical activity during lockdowns (β = 0.19, P = .013). Conclusions: Resources are needed to ensure that children and parents are obtaining sufficient levels of physical activity, particularly during a pandemic.
Temporal Sequencing of Naturalistic Associations Between Body Satisfaction and Physical Activity: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study Among Women in Midlife With Elevated Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Romano Kelly A. , Heron Kristin E. , Arigo Danielle
Published: November 2023

The goal of the present study was to examine naturalistic associations between body satisfaction and physical activity (PA) among women in midlife. Women 40–60 years of age with cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension; N = 75; Mage = 51.63) responded to five surveys per day for 10 days while accelerometer-derived PA measurements were collected continuously. PA parameters included cognitive determinants (PA motivation and intentions) and accelerometer-measured PA behavior (sedentary behavior, light-intensity PA, and moderate to vigorous PA). Multilevel models indicated that associations between body satisfaction and everyday PA differed across PA determinants, time frames (concurrent and prospective), and levels (momentary, daily, and person). For example, positive bidirectional associations were identified between women’s daily body satisfaction and PA motivation, whereas greater momentary light-intensity PA (but not moderate to vigorous PA) was unidirectionally associated with greater body satisfaction at a subsequent prompt. These findings provide insight into how associations between body satisfaction and PA unfold in the daily lives of women in midlife and highlight the complexities of these associations.
Bacterial efflux pump modulators prevent bacterial growth in macrophages and under broth conditions that mimic the host environment
Authors: Allgood Samual C. , Su Chih-Chia , Crooks Amy L. , Meyer Christian T. , Zhou Bojun , Betterton Meredith D. , Barbachyn Michael R. , Yu Edward W. , Detweiler Corrella S.
Published: November 2023

New approaches for combating microbial infections are needed. One strategy for disrupting pathogenesis involves developing compounds that interfere with bacterial virulence. A critical molecular determinant of virulence for Gram-negative bacteria are efflux pumps of the resistance-nodulation-division family, which includes AcrAB-TolC. We previously identified small molecules that bind AcrB, inhibit AcrAB-TolC, and do not appear to damage membranes. These efflux pump modulators (EPMs) were discovered in an in-cell screening platform called SAFIRE (Screen for Anti-infectives using Fluorescence microscopy of IntracellulaR Enterobacteriaceae). SAFIRE identifies compounds that disrupt the growth of a Gram-negative human pathogen,
Salmonella enterica
serotype Typhimurium (
S
. Typhimurium), in macrophages. We used medicinal chemistry to iteratively design ~200 EPM35 analogs and test them for activity in SAFIRE, generating compounds with nanomolar potency. Analogs were demonstrated to bind AcrB in a substrate binding pocket by cryo-electron microscopy. Despite having amphipathic structures, the EPM analogs do not disrupt membrane voltage, as monitored by FtsZ localization to the cell septum. The EPM analogs had little effect on bacterial growth in standard Mueller Hinton Broth. However, under broth conditions that mimic the micro-environment of the macrophage phagosome,
acrAB
is required for growth, the EPM analogs are bacteriostatic, and the EPM analogs increase the potency of antibiotics. These data suggest that under macrophage-like conditions, the EPM analogs prevent the export of a toxic bacterial metabolite(s) through AcrAB-TolC. Thus, compounds that bind AcrB could disrupt infection by specifically interfering with the export of bacterial toxic metabolites, host defense factors, and/or antibiotics.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial efflux pumps are critical for resistance to antibiotics and for virulence. We previously identified small molecules that inhibit efflux pumps (efflux pump modulators, EPMs) and prevent pathogen replication in host cells. Here, we used medicinal chemistry to increase the activity of the EPMs against pathogens in cells into the nanomolar range. We show by cryo-electron microscopy that these EPMs bind an efflux pump subunit. In broth culture, the EPMs increase the potency (activity), but not the efficacy (maximum effect), of antibiotics. We also found that bacterial exposure to the EPMs appear to enable the accumulation of a toxic metabolite that would otherwise be exported by efflux pumps. Thus, inhibitors of bacterial efflux pumps could interfere with infection not only by potentiating antibiotics, but also by allowing toxic waste products to accumulate within bacteria, providing an explanation for why efflux pumps are needed for virulence in the absence of antibiotics.
Clostridium butyricum
and
Clostridium tyrobutyricum
: angel or devil for necrotizing enterocolitis?
Authors: Tao Ruizhi , Zong Gangfan , Pan Yehua , Li Hongxing , Cheng Peng , Deng Rui , Chen Wenxing , Wang Aiyun , Xia Shishan , Tang Weibing , Lu Yin , Wei Zhonghong
Published: November 2023

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a challenging gastrointestinal disease that disproportionately affects premature neonates, with high incidence and case-fatality rates. Despite extensive research efforts, the pathogenesis and mechanisms of NEC remain unclear, making it difficult to effectively eradicate. However, it has been established that dysbiosis of gut microbes occurs before the onset of NEC, providing compelling evidence for the potential use of probiotic therapy. As such, we have focused our attention on two probiotics in particular:
Clostridium butyricum
and
Clostridium tyrobutyricum
, especially in light of recent breakthroughs that have linked several
Clostridia
species with NEC. To determine whether
C. butyricum
and
C. tyrobutyricum
are pathogenic or probiotic, we conducted a comparison of the phenotypic traits of NEC mice treated with each bacterium. Our results confirm that treatment with
C. tyrobutyricum
restores intestinal barrier integrity and alleviates inflammatory immune responses associated with NEC. In contrast, treatment with
C. butyricum
exacerbates intestinal barrier damage and promotes immune disorder, including increased numbers of macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils in the intestinal lamina propria. Further analysis of the gut microbiome suggests that the positive effects of
C. tyrobutyricum
treatment are associated with an increase in
Akkermansia muciniphila
, while
C. butyricum
treatment decreases the level of
A. muciniphila
, which accounts for its negative effect on NEC. This study sheds light on the fact that treatment with
C. tyrobutyricum
, but not
C. butyricum
, has the potential to protect against NEC development. The opposite effects of these two probiotics on NEC may result from their different modulation of the level of
A. muciniphila
, a gut microbe that is closely associated with intestinal homeostasis. In summary, by improving the abundance of
A. muciniphila
to alleviate intestinal inflammation and enhance intestinal barrier integrity, supplementation with
C. tyrobutyricum
may become a promising therapy for NEC.

IMPORTANCE

This study sheds light on that treatment with
Clostridium tyrobutyricum
but not
Clostridium butyricum
is entitled to protect against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) development potentially. The mechanisms behind the opposite effect on NEC may result in different modulation on the level of
Akkermansia muciniphila
, which is deeply associated with intestinal homoeostasis. Briefly, through improving the abundance of
A. muciniphila
to alleviate intestinal inflammation and enhance intestinal barrier integrity,
C. tyrobutyricum
supplement may become a promising therapy for NEC.
Unilateral non-healing ulcers in zosteriform pattern
Authors: Choudhary Sanjiv , Srivastava Ankita , Nagi Prerna , Choudhary Rijavi
Published: November 2023

Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare disease that occurs after injury to the trigeminal nerve. Though this condition has been reported in the early 20th century, it is still a rare entity, with only around 200 cases reported so far. It characteristically presents with persistent facial ulceration with loss of sensation and paraesthesia along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. We here report a case of TTS developing as a complication of herpes zoster, which possibly occurred due to the nerve damage caused by varicella-zoster virus.
Retroperitoneal yolk sac tumour encroaching the liver and adrenal gland with tumour thrombus in cavo-atrial region and hepatic veins
Authors: Kanneganti Pujana , Verma Anju , Kumar Basant , Nigam Neha
Published: November 2023

Paediatric germ cell tumours (GCT) are rare tumours and are unique because of varied clinical presentation and locations. Yolk sac tumour is the predominant malignant histology and a serum marker; alpha fetoprotein is used to see treatment response and recurrent disease. It is extremely rare to find a retroperitoneal GCT with tumour thrombus extending up to the cavo-atrial region with involvement of the hepatic veins. We report a case of retroperitoneal yolk sac tumour (RPYST) with extension to the liver and right adrenal gland along with tumour thrombus in the inferior vena cava and in the right and middle hepatic veins. The child was operated after satisfactory response to chemotherapy. Excision of the tumour along with the right adrenal gland and around 5 cm of retro-hepatic caval resection was done. Inferior vena cava resection was tolerated without reconstruction. Currently child is disease-free and symptom-free at 22 months of follow-up with normal serum marker.
Experiences of rehabilitation in young elite athletes: an interview study
Authors: Ekenros Linda , Fridén Cecilia , von Rosen Philip
Published: November 2023

Even though injuries are common in elite youth sports, rehabilitation experiences are limited explored in young athletes. This study explored rehabilitation experiences in athletes with a previous injury studying at sports high schools. Twenty-six (14/12 females/males) young elite athletes (age 15–19 years) from 11 individual/team sports were interviewed in focus groups about the rehabilitation experiences following a sports injury. Data were analysed using content analysis. The results led to four main categories identified: ‘High-quality rehabilitation’, ‘Lack of communication between healthcare and coach’, ‘Various consequences of injury’ and ‘No clear path to accessing rehabilitation’. The athletes valued that the healthcare providers had high expertise, were clear and signalled secureness and confidence. It was also important to receive help with rehabilitation as rapidly as possible. The athletes perceived that they felt responsible for providing information regarding rehabilitation progression between healthcare providers and their coach. It was also challenging not to be able to participate in training and competition while injured — causing a sense of frustration and fear of falling behind their peer athletes in terms of development and performance. The athletes described that no well-defined medical teams at the sports high schools were available— instead medical help was offered in several other ways. Based on our findings, the collaboration and communication between the healthcare providers and coaches need to be improved, addressing the rehabilitation content, progress and access to rehabilitation. Through these actions, the rehabilitation process will be more adjusted to the needs of young elite athletes.
Identification of adulteration in the market samples of saffron using morphology, HPLC, HPTLC, and DNA barcoding methods
Authors: Bhooma Varadharajan , Vassou Sophie Lorraine , Kaliappan Ilango , Parani Madasamy
Published: November 2023

Saffron, the stigma of Crocus sativus L., is the most expensive spice used for culinary, medicinal, dye, and cosmetics purposes. It is highly adulterated because of its limited production and high commercial value. In this study, 104 saffron market samples collected from 16 countries were tested using morphology, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding. Overall, 45 samples (43%) were adulterated. DNA barcoding identified the highest number of adulterated saffron (44 samples), followed by HPTLC (39 samples), HPLC (38 samples), and morphology (32 samples). Only DNA barcoding identified the adulterated samples containing saffron and other plants’ parts as bulking agents. In addition, DNA barcoding identified 20 adulterant plant species, which will help develop quality control methods and market surveillance. Some of the adulterant plants are unsafe for human consumption. The HPLC method helped identify the saffron samples adulterated with synthetic safranal. HPLC and HPTLC methods will help identify the samples adulterated with other parts of the saffron plant (auto-adulteration).
Identification of chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization in Gossypium hirsutum via developing oligonucleotide probes
Authors: Xu Min , Guo Haiyue , Wang Yingying , Zhou Baoliang
Published: November 2023

Discrimination of chromosome is essential for chromosome manipulation or visual chromosome characterization. Oligonucleotide probes can be employed to simplify the procedures of chromosome identification in molecular cytogenetics due to its simplicity, fastness, cost-effectiveness, and high efficiency. So far, however, visual identification of cotton chromosomes remains unsolved. Here, we developed 16 oligonucleotide probes for rapid and accurate identification of chromosomes in Gossypium hirsutum: 9 probes, of which each is able to distinguish individually one pair of chromosomes, and seven probes, of which each distinguishes multiple pairs of chromosomes. Besides the identification of Chrs. A09 and D09, we first find Chr. D08, which carries both 45S and 5S rDNA sequences. Interestingly, we also find Chr. A07 has a small 45S rDNA size, suggesting that the size of this site on Chr. A07 may have reduced during evolution. By the combination of 45S and 5S rDNA sequences and oligonucleotide probes developed, 10 chromosomes (Chrs. 3–7, and 9–13) in A subgenome and 7 (Chrs. 1–2, 4–5, and 7–9) in D subgenome of cotton are able to be recognized. This study establishes cotton oligonucleotide fluorescence in situ hybridization technology for discrimination of chromosomes, which supports and guides for sequence assembling, particularly, for tandem repeat sequences in cotton.
Numerical investigation of the velocity and spreading characteristics of non-circular turbulent jets at different Reynolds numbers
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Bilal Muhammad , Sarwar Saoud , Ahmed Zaheer , Soomro Mujeeb Iqbal , Junejo Awais , Abbasi Abdul Fatah , Harijan Khanji
Published: November 2023

The flow field characteristics of non-circular turbulent jets are investigated numerically. A steady numerical simulation is conducted using the k–ε turbulence model in Ansys Fluent software. A hotwire anemometer is utilized to collect velocity data along the jet centerline for velocity validation. The jet exit Reynolds numbers vary from 200 to 5000, covering both laminar and turbulent regimes. The mean flow field characteristics, such as mean velocity, turbulent intensity, velocity decay, and half-jet spread width, are examined. The simulated results depict that mean velocity profile decay reveals a universal decay pattern, and the lateral velocity distribution shows a top-hat-like velocity profile in the near field. It significantly changed into peak-shaped and parabolic-shaped at a far downstream distance. The turbulent intensity profile reveals that shear layer growth begins near the jet exits, and entrainment becomes strong with the Reynold number. The potential core region increases with Reynolds numbers. The jet spread width shows a linear increment with the jet exit Reynolds number. The presented numerical results agree well with the measured experimental results and are consistent with published data.
Erratum to: Sensitivity of the DARWIN observatory to the neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{136}$$Xe
Authors: Agostini F. , Maouloud S. E. M. Ahmed , Althueser L. , Amaro F. , Antunovic B. , Aprile E. , Baudis L. , Baur D. , Biondi Y. , Bismark A. , Breur P. A. , Brown A. , Bruno G. , Budnik R. , Capelli C. , Cardoso J. , Cichon D. , Clark M. , Colijn A. P. , Cuenca-García J. J. , Cussonneau J. P. , Decowski M. P. , Depoian A. , Dierle J. , Gangi P. Di , Giovanni A. Di , Diglio S. , Santos J. M. F. dos , Drexlin G. , Eitel K. , Engel R. , Ferella A. D. , Fischer H. , Galloway M. , Gao F. , Girard F. , Glück F. , Grandi L. , Größle R. , Gumbsheimer R. , Hansmann-Menzemer S. , Jörg F. , Khundzakishvili G. , Kopec A. , Kuger F. , Krauss L. M. , Landsman H. , Lang R. F. , Lindemann S. , Lindner M. , Lopes J. A. M. , Villalpando A. Loya , Macolino C. , Manfredini A. , Undagoitia T. Marrodán , Masbou J. , Masson E. , Meinhardt P. , Milutinovic S. , Molinario A. , Monteiro C. M. B. , Murra M. , Oberlack U. G. , Pandurovic M. , Peres R. , Pienaar J. , Pierre M. , Pizzella V. , Qin J. , García D. Ramírez , Reichard S. , Rupp N. , Sanchez-Lucas P. , Sartorelli G. , Schulte D. , Schumann M. , Lavina L. Scotto , Selvi M. , Silva M. , Simgen H. , Steidl M. , Terliuk A. , Therreau C. , Thers D. , Thieme K. , Trotta R. , Tunnell C. D. , Valerius K. , Volta G. , Vorkapic D. , Weinheimer C. , Wittweg C. , Wolf J. , Zopounidis J. P. , Zuber K. ,   DARWIN Collaboration
Published: November 2023

We correct an overestimation of the production rate of $$^{137}$$

137

Xe in the DARWIN detector operated at LNGS. This formerly dominant intrinsic background source is now at a level similar to the irreducible background from solar $$^8$$

8

B neutrinos, thus unproblematic at the LNGS depth. The projected half-life sensitivity for the neutrinoless double beta decay ($$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

) of $$^{136}$$

136

Xe improves by $$22\%$$

22
%

compared to the previously reported number and is now $$T^{0\nu }_{1/2}= {3.0\times 10^{27}} \hbox { yr}$$

T

1
/
2

0
ν

=

3.0
×

10
27

yr

(90% C.L.) after 10 years of DARWIN operation.
Two nonlocal inverse curvature flows of convex closed plane curves
Authors: Sun Zezhen
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we introduce two [Formula: see text]-type ([Formula: see text]) curvature flows for closed convex planar curves. Along the flows the length of the curve is decreasing while the enclosed area is increasing. Finally, the evolving curves converge smoothly to a finite circle if they do not develop singularity during the evolution process.
Traffic jam mitigation by the policy of maximum velocity limitation
Authors: Masaka Junya , Sueyoshi Fumi , Hossain Md. Anowar , Tanimoto Jun
Published: November 2023

This study explored whether a policy with maximum velocity limitation prior to each jam point in a traffic flow system can mitigate jam situations in a highway. To quantify this question, a new cellular automata traffic model based on the Revised S-NFS model was established. We perused two specific scenarios: a jam naturally brought by a high traffic density, and one brought by a lane-closed section placed as an explicit bottleneck. The result of multi-agent simulation (MAS) reveals that such maximum velocity limitation policy can certainly mitigate jam situations when each jam is naturally bought up not by a bottleneck, as proved by several statistics, and cannot improve the traffic flux.
Effect of rotation on thermal instability under Hele-Shaw cell saturated by Casson nanofluid
Authors: Ismail  , Bhadauria B. S. , Srivastava Anurag
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the effect of rotation on thermal instability under Hele-Shaw cell saturated by Casson nanofluid using both linear and nonlinear ways. The nanofluid model incorporates Brownian and thermophoresis diffusion. While conducting an analysis of nonlinear stability numerically using the truncated Fourier series method, analysis of linear stability is performed analytically using the normal mode methodology. The outcomes are all displayed graphically. The results demonstrate that the rotation has dual effect on Hele-Shaw parameter as well as Casson parameter, for higher value of rotation it has destabilizing effect and it stabilizing  the system for lower values of rotation. Lewis number and concentration Rayleigh number promote the onset of convective motion within the system. On the other hand, rotation stabilize the system. Understanding the behavior of heat and mass transportation, the concentration of nanoparticles and fluid phase, utilize the Nusselt number when Nusselt numbers are assessed as a function of time, it is found that the variation of the rotation, Hele-Shaw and Casson parameter has a major influence on the heat and mass transfer. Both steady and unsteady weakly nonlinear analyses are performed to understand the heat transport in the system. It is concluded that the Casson nanofluid parameter has both stabilizing and destabilizing impact depending upon the rate of rotation and therefore this work can be possibly utilized in both places, where heat removal and heat conservation are required.
Algebraic concordance order of almost classical knots
Authors: Chrisman Micah , Mukherjee Sujoy
Published: November 2023

Torsion in the concordance group [Formula: see text] of knots in [Formula: see text] can be studied with the algebraic concordance group [Formula: see text]. Here, [Formula: see text] is a field of characteristic [Formula: see text]. The group [Formula: see text] was defined by Levine, who also obtained an algebraic classification when [Formula: see text]. While the concordance group [Formula: see text] is abelian, it embeds into the non-abelian virtual knot concordance group [Formula: see text]. It is unknown if [Formula: see text] admits non-classical finite torsion. Here, we define the virtual algebraic concordance group [Formula: see text] for Seifert surfaces of almost classical knots. This is an analogue of [Formula: see text] for homologically trivial knots in thickened surfaces [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is closed and oriented. The main result is an algebraic classification of [Formula: see text]. A consequence of the classification is that [Formula: see text] embeds into [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] contains many nontrivial finite-order elements that are not algebraically concordant to any classical Seifert matrix. For [Formula: see text], we give a generalization of the Arf invariant.
Improved UV-Vis Detector Performance Prepared via the Electrospinning Technique by Doping Polymer Solutions with Iron Oxide
Authors: Hamadamin Mohammad J. , Hassan N. K.
Published: November 2023

The iron (III) oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a solvent-controlled method when preparing the electrospinning solution. Nanofibers (NFs) were prepared from pure PVP and PVP doped with ratios 1[Formula: see text]%wt., 2[Formula: see text]%wt. and 3[Formula: see text]%wt. of Fe2O3 NPs at room temperature by the electrospinning technique. Optical properties like absorbance and the band energy gap ([Formula: see text]) were studied, and the direct band gap of pure PVP NFs is 4.07[Formula: see text]eV and decreases slightly with increasing concentration of Fe2O3 NPs. The PVP NFs with Fe2O3 NPs were used as a UV-Vis light detector with good responsivity and specific detectives at a mixing rate of 3% Fe2O3 NPs, which was 12[Formula: see text]A/W and [Formula: see text] Jones at wavelength 458.3[Formula: see text]nm, and also had the lowest values for the rise-time and fall-time.
The hitting time of quantum walk on 2D lattice
Authors: Han Qi , Bai Ning , Wang Huan , Gou Lijie , Wang Shuai
Published: November 2023

The hitting time, which refers to the time required to find the marked element in the search algorithm, is one of the most interesting properties of quantum walk. In this paper we briefly analyze the hitting time on a finite 2D lattice in the classical case, focusing on the quantum version of the hitting time and give specific expressions for each. It is well known that the quantum hitting time has the same order as the square of the classical case, and our work also happens to verify this particular property.
Modal Analysis of a High-Speed Train Gearbox Housing Using Smoothed Finite Element Method
Authors: Jiang Chen , Eze Franklin C. , Zhou Guo , Adamu Haruna , Odibelu Ekene P.
Published: November 2023

The gearbox is a crucial component of the power transmission system in high-speed trains, and realistically calculating its natural frequency is vital in avoiding system resonance. In recent decades, numerical techniques have become essential in designing engineering structures, and the finite element method (FEM) has gained widespread recognition and acceptance for its robustness and effectiveness. However, the FEM technique using linear 4-node tetrahedral elements (T4) performs poorly, leading to low accuracy and unreliable results. Consequently, complex hexahedral or second-order elements are often required for better performance. In this paper, we employ the smoothed finite element method (S-FEM), which combines the gradient smoothing technique with the standard FEM to improve calculation accuracy while still using linear tetrahedral elements. We apply S-FEM to accurately obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a high-speed train gearbox using automatically generated linear tetrahedral elements. A test of tolerance to mesh distortion is also carried out on the gearbox. The results demonstrate that S-FEM can significantly enhance the computational accuracy of low-order 4-node tetrahedral elements without altering the mesh topology. It is expected that S-FEM can be an alternative to FEM in the modal analysis of complex structures in the railroad industry.
A refined analytical model for reconstruction problems in diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Sergeeva Ekaterina , Kurakina Daria , Turchin Ilya , Kirillin Mikhail
Published: November 2023

A refined analytical model of spatially resolved diffuse reflectance with small source-detector separations (SDSs) for the in vivo skin studies is proposed. Compared to the conventional model developed by Farrell et al., it accounts for the limited acceptance angle of the detector fiber. The refined model is validated in the wide range of optical parameters by Monte Carlo simulations of skin diffuse reflectance at SDSs of units of mm. Cases of uniform dermis and two-layered epidermis-dermis structures are studied. Higher accuracy of the refined model compared to the conventional one is demonstrated in the separate, constraint-free reconstruction of absorption and reduced scattering spectra of uniform dermis from the Monte Carlo simulated data. In the case of epidermis-dermis geometry, the recovered values of reduced scattering in dermis are overestimated and the recovered values of absorption are underestimated for both analytical models. Presumably, in the presence of a thin mismatched topical layer, only the effective attenuation coefficient of the bottom layer can be accurately recovered using a diffusion theory-based analytical model while separate reconstruction of absorption and reduced scattering fails due to the inapplicability of the method of images. These findings require implementation of more sophisticated models of light transfer in inhomogeneous media in the recovery algorithms.
Investigation on the influence of Zn content on the structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of ternary compound Cd1−xZnxS window layer for CdTe solar cell
Authors: Hun Ki Tong , Chol Kim Hyon , Gang Jo Hye
Published: November 2023

Ternary compound Cd[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]S thin films with different zinc compositions were deposited by the chemical bath deposition method, as a window layer for CdTe solar cells. The influence of Zn content on the structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of Cd[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]S was studied from X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM and UV-vis spectroscopy. We have considered the transformation of the crystal phase, change in the crystallite size and lattice parameters of Cd[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]S thin film with the change of Zn content through XRD studies. SEM measurement revealed that the size of Cd[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]S particles and surface roughness of thin film decreases with the increase of Zn composition. It was found that the band gap value obtained from transmittance spectrum became wider with the increase of Zn contents, which indicates the increase of film transmittance. The electrical resistivity of Cd[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]S thin films increased as Zn content [Formula: see text] increases. Finally, we measured the performances of CdTe solar cells using Cd[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]S thin films as a window layer and confirmed that desirable Zn content was in the range [Formula: see text] = 0.5-0.6.
Dynamic risk assessment method for road transport of hazardous chemicals based on BP neural network algorithm
Authors: Lu Linlin , Liang Lecai , Zhou Jing , Zhan Shuifen , Zhuang Rong
Published: November 2023

To achieve a dynamic comprehensive risk assessment of road transport of hazardous chemicals, this paper first collected 213 road transport accidents involving hazardous chemicals that occurred between 2015 and 2020 to build a case library. Then, it established a risk assessment system (including 9 primary indicators and 28 secondary indicators) based on the frequencies of reasons for accident cases and explored the quantification methods for indicators based on their definitions. Subsequently, this paper calculated the weights of indicators based on the backpropagation neural network algorithm and the data in the case library and formulated a model for dynamic risk assessment of road transport of hazardous chemicals. The model takes into account the impact of comprehensive indicators such as drivers, vehicles, goods, roads, and the environment. The accuracy of the model calculation results is 93%. Eventually, the study verified the model using simulation data in real scenarios. The validation results show that the model could achieve a dynamic comprehensive assessment of risks in road transport of hazardous chemicals.
Design and Control of an Innovative Overactuated Thrust Vectoring Six-DoF Quadrotor for Extreme and Challenging Environments
Authors: Kara-Mohamed Mohamed , Zhang Qian , Yan Xinggang
Published: November 2023

The wide spectrum of recent applications for UAVs imposes further challenges to their abilities and control. This is especially true when operating in harsh and hostile environments where disturbances are huge and actuators are prone to failure. Conventional systems and traditional control techniques are not sufficient for stability and tracking under these circumstances. This paper proposes a unique innovative overactuated quadrotor system that has six DoFs. The vehicle has four rotors and each rotor can tilt independently in the [Formula: see text]-plane. It has the ability to correct its position and attitude in a decoupled way which is different from the conventional quadrotor configurations. Sliding-mode control associated with switching control mode is used for the control algorithm of the system. The system shows agility in the face of large disturbances and robustness against actuator failure which makes it a perfect fit for extreme and challenging environments. The concept of the system and its ability are illustrated in simulation with promising results.
Identification and Robust Control of a Flapping Wing System Using Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Networks
Authors: Gharebaghi Shabnam M. , Banazadeh Afshin
Published: November 2023

This study explores the utilization of a fuzzy wavelet neural network for identifying the dynamic behavior of a time periodic flapping wing system. Additionally, we propose a combination of adaptive sliding mode learning algorithm and genetic algorithm to effectively adjust the network parameters. The identification process specifically focuses on the longitudinal mode and involves three inputs and three outputs. To generate the necessary input and output data for the network, we have developed a simulation platform using MATLAB software. The accuracy of the data has been validated through comparison with ADAMS simulations. Moreover, we have ensured the stability of the learning algorithm by validating it with the Lyapunov stability theorem. The key contributions of this study include the simulation of a hummingbird that incorporates the effects of wing mass, as well as the introduction of a hybrid approach that combines genetic algorithms and sliding mode for network training purposes. This innovative methodology significantly enhances the performance of the network, resulting in improved convergence rates when compared to previous wavelet networks. Based on the results, we conclude that the designed network exhibits superior performance and is particularly well-suited for real-time applications. The combination of fuzzy wavelet neural network, sliding mode, and genetic algorithm offers a robust and efficient solution for accurately identifying the dynamic behavior of the flapping wing system.
Quantifying Levels of Influence and Causal Responsibility in Dynamic Decision Making Events
Authors: Saad Yossef , Meyer Joachim
Published: November 2023

Intelligent systems support human operators’ decision-making processes, many of which are dynamic and involve temporal changes in the decision-related parameters. As we increasingly depend on automation, it becomes imperative to understand and quantify its influence on the operator’s decisions and to evaluate its implications for the human’s causal responsibility for outcomes. Past studies proposed a model for human responsibility in static decision-making processes involving intelligent systems. We present a model for dynamic, non-stationary decision-making events based on the concept of causation strength. We apply it to a test case of a dynamic binary categorization decision. The results show that for automation to influence humans significantly, it must have high detection sensitivity. However, this condition is insufficient since it is unlikely that automation, irrespective of its sensitivity, will sway humans with high detection sensitivity away from their original position. Specific combinations of automation and human detection sensitivities are required for automation to have a major influence. Moreover, the automation influence and the human causal responsibility that can be derived from it are sensitive to possible changes in the human’s detection capabilities due to fatigue or other factors, creating a “Responsibility Cliff.” This should be considered during system design and when policies and regulations are defined. This model constitutes a basis for further analyses of complex events in which human and automation sensitivity levels change over time and for evaluating human involvement in such events.
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Sequential Assessment of Cardiac Fibrosis in Mice: Technical Advancements and Reverse Translation
Authors: Chen Yi Ching , Zheng Gang , Donner Daniel G. , Wright David K. , Greenwood John P. , Marwick Thomas H. , McMullen Julie R.
Published: November 2023

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has become an essential technique for the assessment of cardiac function and morphology, and is now routinely used to monitor disease progression and intervention efficacy in the clinic. Cardiac fibrosis is a common characteristic of numerous cardiovascular diseases and often precedes cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Hence, the detection of cardiac fibrosis is important for both early diagnosis and the provision of guidance for interventions/therapies. Experimental mouse models with genetically and/or surgically induced disease have been widely used to understand mechanisms underlying cardiac fibrosis, and to assess new treatment strategies. Improving the appropriate applications of CMR to mouse studies of cardiac fibrosis has the potential to generate new knowledge, and more accurately examine the safety and efficacy of anti-fibrotic therapies. In this review, we provide 1) a brief overview of different types of cardiac fibrosis, 2) general background on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 3) a summary of different CMR techniques used in mice for the assessment of cardiac fibrosis including experimental and technical considerations (contrast agents and pulse sequences), and 4) provide an overview of mouse studies that have serially monitored cardiac fibrosis during disease progression and/or therapeutic interventions. Clinically established CMR protocols have advanced mouse CMR for the detection of cardiac fibrosis, and there is hope that discovery studies in mice will identify new anti-fibrotic therapies for patients; highlighting the value of both reverse translation and bench-to-bedside research.