bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core shell lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles with combined docetaxel and molecular targeted therapy for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Qi , Alshaker Heba , Böhler Torsten , Srivats Shyam , Chao Yimin , Cooper Colin , Pchejetski Dmitri
Published: July 2017

Many prostate cancers relapse after initial chemotherapy treatment. Combining molecular and chemotherapy together with encapsulation of drugs in nanocarriers provides effective drug delivery and toxicity reduction. We developed core shell lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (CSLPHNPs) with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) core and lipid layer containing docetaxel and clinically used inhibitor of sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) FTY720 (fingolimod). We show for the first time that FTY720 (both free and in CSLPHNPs) re-sensitizes castrate resistant prostate cancer cells and tumors to docetaxel, allowing a four-fold reduction in effective dose. Our CSLPHNPs showed high serum stability and a long shelf life. CSLPHNPs demonstrated a steady uptake by tumor cells, sustained intracellular drug release and in vitro efficacy superior to free therapies. In a mouse model of human prostate cancer, CSLPHNPs showed excellent tumor targeting and significantly lower side effects compared to free drugs, importantly, reversing lymphopenia induced by FTY720. Overall, we demonstrate that nanoparticle encapsulation can improve targeting, provide low off-target toxicity and most importantly reduce FTY720-induced lymphopenia, suggesting its potential use in clinical cancer treatment.
Dispersive 2D Cherenkov radiation on a dielectric nano-film
Authors: Liu Weihao
Published: July 2017

We report a modified two-dimensional Cherenkov radiation, which occurs on a high-index dielectric nano-film driven by uniformly moving electron-beam. It is essentially different from the ordinary Cherenkov radiation in that, in the nondispersive medium, it shows unique dispersion characteristics—the waves with higher frequencies radiate at larger Cherenkov angles. Its radiation frequency and direction are essentially determined by structure parameters as well as the beam-velocity. By means of fully electromagnetic simulations and theoretical analyses, we explored the mechanism and requirements of this radiation. This new Cherenkov radiation may lead to promising applications in a broad range of fields.
Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells
Authors: Hemelaar Simon R. , van der Laan Kiran J. , Hinterding Sophie R. , Koot Manon V. , Ellermann Else , Perona-Martinez Felipe P. , Roig David , Hommelet Severin , Novarina Daniele , Takahashi Hiroki , Chang Michael , Schirhagl Romana
Published: July 2017

Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are promising nanoprobes, owing to their stable and magnetosensitive fluorescence. Therefore they can probe properties as magnetic resonances, pressure, temperature or strain. The unprecedented sensitivity of diamond defects can detect the faint magnetic resonance of a single electron or even a few nuclear spins. However, these sensitivities are only achieved if the diamond probe is close to the molecules that need to be detected. In order to utilize its full potential for biological applications, the diamond particle has to enter the cell. Some model systems, like HeLa cells, readily ingest particles. However, most cells do not show this behavior. In this article we show for the first time generally applicable methods, which are able to transport fluorescent nanodiamonds into cells with a thick cell wall. Yeast cells, in particular Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are a favored model organism to study intracellular processes including aging on a cellular level. In order to introduce FNDs in these cells, we evaluated electrical transformation and conditions of chemical permeabilization for uptake efficiency and viability. 5% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) in combination with optimized chemical transformation mix leads to high uptake efficiency in combination with low impact on cell biology. We have evaluated all steps in the procedure.
Cryptic speciation in pan-tropical sea urchins: a case study of an edge-of-range population of Tripneustes from the Kermadec Islands
Authors: Bronstein Omri , Kroh Andreas , Tautscher Barbara , Liggins Libby , Haring Elisabeth
Published: July 2017

Tripneustes is one of the most abundant and ecologically significant tropical echinoids. Highly valued for its gonads, wild populations of Tripneustes are commercially exploited and cultivated stocks are a prime target for the fisheries and aquaculture industry. Here we examine Tripneustes from the Kermadec Islands, a remote chain of volcanic islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean that mark the boundary of the genus’ range, by combining morphological and genetic analyses, using two mitochondrial (COI and the Control Region), and one nuclear (bindin) marker. We show that Kermadec Tripneustes is a new species of Tripneustes. We provide a full description of this species and present an updated phylogeny of the genus. This new species, Tripneustes kermadecensis n. sp., is characterized by having ambulacral primary tubercles occurring on every fourth plate ambitally, flattened test with large peristome, one to two occluded plates for every four ambulacral plates, and complete primary series of interambulacral tubercles from peristome to apex. It appears to have split early from the main Tripneustes stock, predating even the split of the Atlantic Tripneustes lineage. Its distinction from the common T. gratilla and potential vulnerability as an isolated endemic species calls for special attention in terms of conservation.
Pressure-induced anomalous valence crossover in cubic YbCu5-based compounds
Authors: Yamaoka Hitoshi , Tsujii Naohito , Suzuki Michi-To , Yamamoto Yoshiya , Jarrige Ignace , Sato Hitoshi , Lin Jung-Fu , Mito Takeshi , Mizuki Jun’ichiro , Sakurai Hiroya , Sakai Osamu , Hiraoka Nozomu , Ishii Hirofumi , Tsuei Ku-Ding , Giovannini Mauro , Bauer Ernst
Published: July 2017

A pressure-induced anomalous valence crossover without structural phase transition is observed in archetypal cubic YbCu5 based heavy Fermion systems. The Yb valence is found to decrease with increasing pressure, indicating a pressure-induced crossover from a localized 4f13 state to the valence fluctuation regime, which is not expected for Yb systems with conventional c–f hybridization. This result further highlights the remarkable singularity of the valence behavior in compressed YbCu5-based compounds. The intermetallics Yb2Pd2Sn, which shows two quantum critical points (QCP) under pressure and has been proposed as a potential candidate for a reentrant Yb2+ state at high pressure, was also studied for comparison. In this compound, the Yb valence monotonically increases with pressure, disproving a scenario of a reentrant non-magnetic Yb2+ state at the second QCP.
Prominent differences in left ventricular performance and myocardial properties between right ventricular and left ventricular-based pacing modes in rats
Authors: Mulla Wesam , Etzion Sharon , Elyagon Sigal , Gillis Roni , Murninkas Michael , Konstantino Yuval , Mannhardt Ingra , Eschenhagen Thomas , Liel-Cohen Noah , Etzion Yoram
Published: July 2017

Biventricular pacing is an important modality to improve left ventricular (LV) synchronization and long-term function. However, the biological effects of this treatment are far from being elucidated and existing animal models are limited and demanding. Recently, we introduced an implanted device for double-site epicardial pacing in rats and echocardiographically demonstrated favorable effects of LV and biventricular (LV-based) pacing modes typically observed in humans. Here, this new animal model was further characterized. Electrodes were implanted either on the right atria (RA) and right ventricle (RV) or on the RV and LV. Following recovery, rats were either used for invasive hemodynamic measurements (pressure-volume analysis) or exposed to sustained RV vs. biventricular tachypacing for 3 days. RV pacing compromised, while LV-based pacing modes markedly enhanced cardiac performance. Changes in LV performance were associated with prominent compensatory changes in arterial resistance. Sustained RV tachypacing increased the electrocardiogram QTc interval by 7.9 ± 3.1 ms (n = 6, p < 0.05), dispersed refractoriness between the right and left pacing sites and induced important molecular changes mainly in the early-activated septal tissue. These effects were not observed during biventricular tachypacing (n = 6). Our results demonstrate that the rat is an attractive new model to study the biological consequences of LV dyssynchrony and resynchronization.
Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chain with one pair of $$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$$-symmetric defects
Authors: Jin L. , Wang P. , Song Z.
Published: July 2017

The topologically nontrivial edge states induce $$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$$

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transition in Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain with one pair of gain and loss at boundaries. In this study, we investigated a pair of $$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$$

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-symmetric defects located inside the SSH chain, in particular, the defects locations are at the chain centre. The $$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$$

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symmetry breaking of the bound states leads to the $$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$$

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transition, the $$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$$

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-symmetric phases and the localized states were studied. In the broken $$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$$

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-symmetric phase, all energy levels break simultaneously in topologically trivial phase; however, two edge states in topologically nontrivial phase are free from the influence of the $$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$$

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-symmetric defects. We discovered $$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$$

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-symmetric bound states induced by the $$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$$

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-symmetric local defects at the SSH chain centre. The $$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$$

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-symmetric bound states significantly increase the $$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$$

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transition threshold and coalesce to the topologically protected zero mode with vanishing probabilities on every other site of the left-half chain and the right-half chain, respectively.
Enhanced Learning through Multimodal Training: Evidence from a Comprehensive Cognitive, Physical Fitness, and Neuroscience Intervention
Authors: Ward N. , Paul E. , Watson P. , Cooke G. E. , Hillman C. H. , Cohen N. J. , Kramer A. F. , Barbey A. K.
Published: July 2017

The potential impact of brain training methods for enhancing human cognition in healthy and clinical populations has motivated increasing public interest and scientific scrutiny. At issue is the merits of intervention modalities, such as computer-based cognitive training, physical exercise training, and non-invasive brain stimulation, and whether such interventions synergistically enhance cognition. To investigate this issue, we conducted a comprehensive 4-month randomized controlled trial in which 318 healthy, young adults were enrolled in one of five interventions: (1) Computer-based cognitive training on six adaptive tests of executive function; (2) Cognitive and physical exercise training; (3) Cognitive training combined with non-invasive brain stimulation and physical exercise training; (4) Active control training in adaptive visual search and change detection tasks; and (5) Passive control. Our findings demonstrate that multimodal training significantly enhanced learning (relative to computer-based cognitive training alone) and provided an effective method to promote skill learning across multiple cognitive domains, spanning executive functions, working memory, and planning and problem solving. These results help to establish the beneficial effects of multimodal intervention and identify key areas for future research in the continued effort to improve human cognition.
Genomic epidemiology of global Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Stoesser N. , Sheppard A. E. , Peirano G. , Anson L. W. , Pankhurst L. , Sebra R. , Phan H. T. T. , Kasarskis A. , Mathers A. J. , Peto T. E. A. , Bradford P. , Motyl M. R. , Walker A. S. , Crook D. W. , Pitout J. D.
Published: July 2017

The dissemination of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli has major implications for the management of common infections. blaKPC, encoding a transmissible carbapenemase (KPC), has historically largely been associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae, a predominant plasmid (pKpQIL), and a specific transposable element (Tn4401, ~10 kb). Here we characterize the genetic features of blaKPC emergence in global E. coli, 2008–2013, using both long- and short-read whole-genome sequencing. Amongst 43/45 successfully sequenced blaKPC-E. coli strains, we identified substantial strain diversity (n = 21 sequence types, 18% of annotated genes in the core genome); substantial plasmid diversity (≥9 replicon types); and substantial blaKPC-associated, mobile genetic element (MGE) diversity (50% not within complete Tn4401 elements). We also found evidence of inter-species, regional and international plasmid spread. In several cases blaKPC was found on high copy number, small Col-like plasmids, previously associated with horizontal transmission of resistance genes in the absence of antimicrobial selection pressures. E. coli is a common human pathogen, but also a commensal in multiple environmental and animal reservoirs, and easily transmissible. The association of blaKPC with a range of MGEs previously linked to the successful spread of widely endemic resistance mechanisms (e.g. blaTEM, blaCTX-M) suggests that it may become similarly prevalent.
Strong Coherent Light Amplification with Double Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Coherences
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Chao , Xiao Changshun , Zhang Junxiang , Alotaibi Hessa M. M. , Sanders Barry C. , Wang Li-Gang , Zhu Shiyao
Published: July 2017

We experimentally demonstrate coherent amplification of probe field in a tripod-type atoms driven by strong coupling, signal and weak probe fields. We suppress linear and nonlinear atomic absorptions for resonant and near resonant probe via double electromagnetically induced transparency (DEIT). Combining these advantages of suppressed absorption along with temperature- or atomic-density-controlled transfer of population(ToP) between hyperfine ground states, we can induce near-resonant amplification of probe through stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) pumped by low-intensity signal field. The increased population difference of initial and final states of SRS due to increased ToP rate, together with reduced absorption at the second EIT window in an optically thick Cesium vapor, gives rise to highly effective coherent amplification.
Stoichiometry of natural bacterial assemblages from lakes located across an elevational gradient
Authors: Stenzel Birgit , Rofner Carina , Pérez Maria Teresa , Sommaruga Ruben
Published: July 2017

Heterotrophic bacteria are thought to be phosphorus-rich organisms with relatively homeostatic stoichiometry, but the elemental composition of natural bacterial communities has rarely been assessed. Here we tested whether bacterial stoichiometry changes with the trophic status of lakes by assessing the elemental composition of the bacterial-dominated (hereafter microbial) fraction together with that of the dissolved and seston fractions in 11 lakes situated along an elevational gradient. The stoichiometry of these three size-fractions was analyzed during the thermal stratification and mixing periods in composite water samples and in the water layer of the deep chlorophyll-a maximum. In addition, we analyzed the relative abundance of the most common bacterial groups in the lakes. Our results show that the microbial fraction was always enriched in phosphorus compared to the dissolved fraction, irrespectively of the lake trophic status. Further, they indicate that the elemental composition of bacteria in mountain lakes is at least seasonally very dynamic, resulting not only from changes in the nutrient ratios of the resource itself, but probably from changes in the composition of the dominant bacterial taxa too, though at the taxonomic level analyzed, we did not find evidence for this.
Shift of large-scale atmospheric systems over Europe during late MIS 3 and implications for Modern Human dispersal
Authors: Obreht Igor , Hambach Ulrich , Veres Daniel , Zeeden Christian , Bösken Janina , Stevens Thomas , Marković Slobodan B. , Klasen Nicole , Brill Dominik , Burow Christoph , Lehmkuhl Frank
Published: July 2017

Understanding the past dynamics of large-scale atmospheric systems is crucial for our knowledge of the palaeoclimate conditions in Europe. Southeastern Europe currently lies at the border between Atlantic, Mediterranean, and continental climate zones. Past changes in the relative influence of associated atmospheric systems must have been recorded in the region’s palaeoarchives. By comparing high-resolution grain-size, environmental magnetic and geochemical data from two loess-palaeosol sequences in the Lower Danube Basin with other Eurasian palaeorecords, we reconstructed past climatic patterns over Southeastern Europe and the related interaction of the prevailing large-scale circulation modes over Europe, especially during late Marine Isotope Stage 3 (40,000–27,000 years ago). We demonstrate that during this time interval, the intensification of the Siberian High had a crucial influence on European climate causing the more continental conditions over major parts of Europe, and a southwards shift of the Westerlies. Such a climatic and environmental change, combined with the Campanian Ignimbrite/Y-5 volcanic eruption, may have driven the Anatomically Modern Human dispersal towards Central and Western Europe, pointing to a corridor over the Eastern European Plain as an important pathway in their dispersal.
Identification of proteins that specifically recognize and bind protofibrillar aggregates of amyloid-β
Authors: Wahlberg Elisabet , Rahman M. Mahafuzur , Lindberg Hanna , Gunneriusson Elin , Schmuck Benjamin , Lendel Christofer , Sandgren Mats , Löfblom John , Ståhl Stefan , Härd Torleif
Published: July 2017

Protofibrils of the 42 amino acids long amyloid-β peptide are transient pre-fibrillar intermediates in the process of peptide aggregation into amyloid plaques and are thought to play a critical role in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, there is a need for research reagents and potential diagnostic reagents for detection and imaging of such aggregates. Here we describe an in vitro selection of Affibody molecules that bind to protofibrils of Aβ42cc, which is a stable engineered mimic of wild type Aβ42 protofibrils. Several binders were identified that bind Aβ42cc protofibrils with low nanomolar affinities, and which also recognize wild type Aβ42 protofibrils. Dimeric head-to-tail fusion proteins with subnanomolar binding affinities, and very slow dissociation off-rates, were also constructed. A mapping of the chemical properties of the side chains onto the Affibody scaffold surface reveals three distinct adjacent surface areas of positively charged surface, nonpolar surface and a polar surface, which presumably match a corresponding surface epitope on the protofibrils. The results demonstrate that the engineered Aβ42cc is a suitable antigen for directed evolution of affinity reagents with specificity for wild type Aβ42 protofibrils.
Far- and deep-ultraviolet surface plasmon resonance sensors working in aqueous solutions using aluminum thin films
Authors: Tanabe Ichiro , Tanaka Yoshito Y. , Watari Koji , Hanulia Taras , Goto Takeyoshi , Inami Wataru , Kawata Yoshimasa , Ozaki Yukihiro
Published: July 2017

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors detect refractive index changes on metal thin films and are frequently used in aqueous solutions as bio- and chemical-sensors. Recently, we proposed new SPR sensors using aluminum (Al) thin films that work in the far- and deep-ultraviolet (FUV-DUV, 120–300 nm) regions and investigated SPR properties by an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) based spectrometer. The FUV-DUV-SPR sensors are expected to have three advantages compared to visible-SPR sensors: higher sensitivity, material selectivity, and surface specificity. However, in this study, it was revealed that the Al thin film on a quartz prism cannot be used as the FUV-DUV-SPR sensor in water solutions. This is because its SPR wavelength shifts to the visible region owing to the presence of water. On the other hand, the SPR wavelength of the Al thin film on the sapphire prism remained in the DUV region even in water. In addition, the SPR wavelength shifted to longer wavelengths with increasing refractive index on the Al thin film. These results mean that the Al thin film on the sapphire prism can be used as the FUV-DUV-SPR sensor in solutions, which may lead to the development of novel and sophisticated SPR sensors.
Remora cranial vein morphology and its functional implications for attachment
Authors: Flammang Brooke E. , Kenaley Christopher P.
Published: July 2017

Remora fishes adhere to, and maintain long-term, reversible attachment with, surfaces of varying roughness and compliance under wetted high-shear conditions using an adhesive disc that evolved from the dorsal fin spines typical of other fishes. Evolution of this complex hierarchical structure required extensive reorganization of the skull and fin spines, but the functional role of the soft tissues of the disc are poorly understood. Here I show that remora cranial veins are highly-modified in comparison to those of other vertebrates; they are transposed anteriorly and enlarged, and lie directly ventral to the disc on the dorsum of the cranium. Ancestrally, these veins lie inside the neurocranium, in the dura ventral to the brain, and return blood from the eyes, nares, and brain to the heart. Repositioning of these vessels to lie in contact with the ventral surface of the disc lamellae implies functional importance associated with the adhesive mechanism. The position of the anterior cardinal sinus suggests that it may aid in pressurization equilibrium during attachment by acting as a hydraulic differential.
Association Between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Long-term Outcome in Patients with Drug-eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Wang Rui , Chen Lei-lei , Wang De-zhao , Chen Bu-xing
Published: July 2017

To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and the long-term outcome in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation and so as to explore the significance of Hp eradication therapy in preventing major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). 539 ACS patients with DES implantation from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 were analyzed. All the patients were divided into two groups according to the result of 13C urea breath test. 253 patients with Hp infection were put into group A (Hp+), and 286 cases without Hp infection were put into group B (Hp−). Demographic data was collected and all patients went through biochemical indicators and other routine blood examinations. We explored the correlations of Hp infection with MACE and UGIB after 3 to 5 years of follow-up using survival analysis. Survival analysis showed that Hp infection was a predictor of MACE and UGI. Sub-group analysis showed that patients with Hp eradication therapy had no relationship with MACE but had a lower rate of UGIB than those without Hp eradication therapy.
Functional aqueous droplet networks
Authors: Booth Michael J. , Restrepo Schild Vanessa , Downs Florence G. , Bayley Hagan
Published: July 2017

3D-printed aqueous droplet networks possess externally controllable collective properties; potential applications range from drug delivery to organ repair.
Facile synthesis of uniform magnetic graphitic carbon for an efficient adsorption of pentachlorophenol
Authors: Qiu Pengpeng , Cui Dingyun , Khim Jeehyeong
Published: July 2017

Uniform core–shell structured magnetic graphitic carbon (Fe3O4@SiO2@g-C) nanospheres were fabricatedviaa two-step Stöber coating strategy, followed by a carbonization process in N2atmosphere.
DNA-binding, molecular docking studies and biological activity studies of ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes
Authors: Tang Bing , Shen Fang , Wan Dan , Guo Bo-Hong , Wang Yang-Jie , Yi Qiao-Yan , Liu Yun-Jun
Published: July 2017

Three new Ru(ii) complexes [Ru(N–N)2(PTCP)]2+ were synthesized and characterized. The DNA-binding, in vitro cytotoxicity, apoptosis, autophagy and western blot analysis were investigated.
Nanostructured WO3 photoanodes for efficient water splitting via anodisation in citric acid
Authors: Zhang Jifang , Salles Ivette , Pering Sam , Cameron Petra J. , Mattia Davide , Eslava Salvador
Published: July 2017

We report the production of nanostructured WO3 photoanodes for solar water splitting produced via anodisation using for the first time citric acid, a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative to fluoride-based electrolytes.
Polythiophene functionalized hydrophobic cellulose kitchen wipe sponge and cellulose fabric for effective oil–water separation
Authors: Durgadevi Nagarajan , Swarnalatha Venkatanarasimhan
Published: July 2017

Oil–water separation using polythiophene coated cellulose sponge and fabric.
A facile method to fabricate hybrid hydrogels with mechanical toughness using a novel multifunctional cross-linker
Authors: Li Jiangbo , Liu Hanchao , Wang Chao , Huang Guangsu
Published: July 2017

A facile fabrication of tough hydrogels with both chemical and physical cross-linking networks.
High catalytic activity over novel Mg–Fe/Ti layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for polycarbonate diols (PCDLs): synthesis, mechanism and application
Authors: Wang Yiliang , Yang Lijuan , Peng Xiaohong , Jin Zhijun
Published: July 2017

Novel activated Mg–Fe/Ti LDHs with high crystallinity, used for transesterification between dimethyl carbonate and aliphatic diols as acid–base bifunctional catalysts, were successfully synthesized by co-precipitation.
Dissociation mechanism of H2 molecule on the Li2O/hydrogenated-Li2O (111) surface from first principles calculations
Authors: Kong Xianggang , Yu You , Ma Shenggui , Gao Tao , Xiao Chengjian , Chen Xiaojun
Published: July 2017

Hydrogen molecules in a purge gas are known to enhance the release of tritium from lithium ceramic materials, which has been demonstrated in numerous in-pile experiments.
The heterogeneous selective reduction of PHB as a useful method for preparation of oligodiols and surface modification
Authors: Chaber Paweł , Kwiecień Michał , Zięba Magdalena , Sobota Michał , Adamus Grazyna
Published: July 2017

A selective heterogeneous reduction of natural PHB with lithium borohydride as a reducing agent has been described.
Influence of precursor pH on the structure and photo-Fenton performance of Fe/hydrochar
Authors: Liang Chuan , Zhao Wei , Song Zhuda , Xing Shengtao
Published: July 2017

Fe/hydrochar exhibited high visible light photo-Fenton activity because hydrochar accelerated the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle at the catalyst/water interface.
Novel graphitic carbon coated IF-WS2reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Nannan , Yang Zhuxian , Thummavichai Kunyapat , Xu Fang , Hu Chenxi , Chen Hongmei , Xia Yongde , Zhu Yanqiu
Published: July 2017

Unique high performance thermoplastic PEEK ternary nanocomposites reinforced by nano graphitic carbon coated IF (inorganic fullerene-like)-WS2have been prepared and their structures have been characterised by XRD, EDX and HR-TEM.
P450 monooxygenase ComJ catalyses side chain phenolic cross-coupling during complestatin biosynthesis
Authors: Mollo Aurelio , von Krusenstiern A. Nikolai , Bulos Joshua A. , Ulrich Veronika , Åkerfeldt Karin S. , Cryle Max J. , Charkoudian Louise K.
Published: July 2017

P450 monooxygenase enzyme ComJ catalyzed biaryl ether bond formation with high efficiency and low stereoselectivity on selected complestatin-like peptide substrates.
Carbon allotropes grafted with poly(pyrrole) derivatives via living radical polymerizations: electrochemical analysis of nano-composites for energy storage
Authors: Radtke Mariusz , Ignaszak Anna
Published: July 2017

Carbon-based nanomaterials are key components in energy storage devices.
Assembly of multi-flavored two-dimensional colloidal crystals
Authors: Mahynski Nathan A. , Zerze Hasan , Hatch Harold W. , Shen Vincent K. , Mittal Jeetain
Published: July 2017

We systematically investigate the assembly of binary multi-flavored colloidal mixtures in two dimensions.
Size effects of a graphene quantum dot modified-blocking TiO2layer for efficient planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ryu Jaehoon , Lee Jong Woo , Yu Haejun , Yun Juyoung , Lee Kisu , Lee Jungsup , Hwang Doyk , Kang Jooyoun , Kim Seong Keun , Jang Jyongsik
Published: July 2017

An attempt to enhance the performance of planar-type perovskite solar cells was performed by introducing graphene quantum dots with various sizes onto a blocking TiO2layerviaO2plasma treatment.
A stereoregular β-dicyanodistyrylbenzene (β-DCS)-based conjugated polymer for high-performance organic solar cells with small energy loss and high quantum efficiency
Authors: Park Jun-Mo , Kim Dong Won , Chung Hae Yeon , Kwon Ji Eon , Hong Seung Hwa , Choi Tae-Lim , Park Soo Young
Published: July 2017

We report a new β-dicyanodistyrylbenzene (β-DCS)-based polymer (PBDCS), which enables efficient fullerene and non-fullerene organic solar cells with low Eloss and high EQE.
Polymorphism and microcrystal shape dependent luminescence, optical waveguiding and resonator properties of coumarin-153
Authors: Venkataramudu Uppari , Annadhasan Mari , Maddali Hemanth , Chandrasekar Rajadurai
Published: July 2017

C-153 dye, upon self-assembly in mixed acetonitrile and water solvents formed polymorphic tubes, rods, sheets and Japanese twin tubes displaying molecular packing dependent diverse emission colours and a shape-dependent optical cavity effect.
Synthesis and warm-white LED applications of an efficient narrow-band red emitting phosphor, Rb2ZrF6:Mn4+
Authors: Wang L. Y. , Song E. H. , Zhou Y. Y. , Deng T. T. , Ye S. , Zhang Q. Y.
Published: July 2017

Phosphor Rb2ZrF6:Mn4+has been synthesizedviaa co-precipitation method. Series of WLEDs were fabricated by combining YAG:Ce3+yellow phosphor and different amount of Rb2ZrF6:Mn4+red phosphor with InGaN blue chips.
Performance improvement of a ZnMgO ultraviolet detector by chemical treatment with hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Zhu Yongxue , Liu Kewei , Wang Xiao , Yang Jialin , Chen Xing , Xie Xiuhua , Li Binghui , Shen Dezhen
Published: July 2017

After the treatment of ZnMgO with H2O2 solution, the response speed became much quicker and insensitive to the atmosphere.
Inverting substitution patterns on amphiphilic cyclodextrins induces unprecedented formation of hexagonal columnar superstructures
Authors: Champagne Pier-Luc , Ester David , Zeeman Michael , Zellman Carson , Williams Vance E. , Ling Chang-Chun
Published: July 2017

Inverting the substitution patterns of amphiphilic cyclodextrins has uncovered their unprecedented abilities to form hexagonal columnar mesophases.
Cytotoxicological pathways induced after nanoparticle exposure: studies of oxidative stress at the ‘nano–bio’ interface
Authors: Lujan Henry , Sayes Christie M.
Published: July 2017

This review focuses on the most common toxicological pathways induced by nanoparticle exposure.
SUMOylation and calcium signalling: potential roles in the brain and beyond
Authors: Coelho-Silva Leticia , Stephens Gary J. , Cimarosti Helena
Published: July 2017

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation (or SUMOylation) is a post-translational protein modification implicated in alterations to protein expression, localization and function. Despite a number of nuclear roles for SUMO being well characterized, this process has only started to be explored in relation to membrane proteins, such as ion channels. Calcium ion (Ca2+) signalling is crucial for the normal functioning of cells and is also involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying relevant neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Intracellular Ca2+ levels are tightly regulated; at rest, most Ca2+ is retained in organelles, such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum, or in the extracellular space, whereas depolarization triggers a series of events leading to Ca2+ entry, followed by extrusion and reuptake. The mechanisms that maintain Ca2+ homoeostasis are candidates for modulation at the post-translational level. Here, we review the effects of protein SUMOylation, including Ca2+ channels, their proteome and other proteins associated with Ca2+ signalling, on vital cellular functions, such as neurotransmission within the central nervous system (CNS) and in additional systems, most prominently here, in the cardiac system.
Metal-Free Generation of Phosphorus-Centered Radicals for the Synthesis of Phosphorus-Based Heterocycles: A Personal Account
Authors: Quint Valentin , Noël-Duchesneau Ludovik , Lagadic Elodie , Morlet-Savary Fabrice , Lalevée Jacques , Gaumont Annie- , Lakhdar Sami
Published: July 2017

This short review describes our recent efforts to generate phosphorus-based radicals under metal-free conditions and their use as key intermediates for the synthesis of phosphorus-based heterocycles. In this regard, the synthesis of benzo[b]phosphole oxides and 6-phosphorylated phenanthridines will be reported. While the synthesis of the former lies in the use of photoredox catalysis, the latter have been obtained through the use of an electron donor–acceptor complex from the combination of diphenyliodonium ion with triethylamine. Mechanistic aspects of both reaction types are discussed based on detailed mechanistic studies including electron paramagnetic resonance, UV–vis spectroscopic, NMR and steady-state photolysis experiments.

1 Introduction

2 Photoredox Catalysis for the Generation of Phosphinoyl Radicals

3 Generation of Phosphinoyl Radicals through the Formation of EDA Complexes

4 Conclusions
Imaging of Pediatric Paranasal Sinus and Orbital Infections
Authors: Udayasankar Unni , Winegar Blair
Published: July 2017

Upper respiratory tract infections are the most frequent outpatient disease processes treated by the pediatricians. Although upper respiratory tract infections are typically self-limited viral illnesses, a subset of children will develop acute bacterial sinusitis, which is differentiated from the former viral nasopharyngitis by prolonged illness, worsening course, or severe onset of symptoms. Although diagnostic imaging is not indicated in the differentiation of a viral upper respiratory tract infection from acute bacterial sinusitis, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are critical in the detection and classification of potentially serious complications of acute bacterial sinusitis resulting from intraorbital or intracranial spread of infection. Orbital infections are the most frequently associated complications of paranasal sinus inflammatory disease given the proximity of the paranasal sinuses and orbits. Imaging is essential in differentiating preseptal cellulitis from orbital cellulitis and guiding appropriate therapy. Cross-sectional imaging is also important in the characterization of noninvasive fungal sinusitis, forms of chronic sinusitis in the setting of an intact immune system, and invasive fungal sinusitis, an acute fulminant sinusitis induced by angioinvasive fungi in immunocompromised children requiring emergent surgical management.
Prophylactic Wound Vacuum Therapy after Cesarean Section to Prevent Wound Complications in the Obese Population: A Randomized Controlled Trial (the ProVac Study)
Authors: Ruhstaller Kelly , Downes Katheryne , Chandrasekaran Suchitra , Srinivas Sindhu , Durnwald Celeste
Published: July 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to perform a randomized controlled feasibility trial investigating negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) system versus a standard postcesarean wound care (WC) on the development of a postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) and/or a wound dehiscence in obese women.

Study Design This is a randomized controlled feasibility trial of obese women undergoing an unscheduled cesarean delivery. Women with an initial body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 who were ≥ 4 cm dilated were included. Women were assigned to either a NPWT or standard WC. The primary outcome was a composite of wound morbidity at 4 weeks postpartum including SSI and/or wound opening (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02128997). Continuous variables were analyzed with t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and categorical variables with Fisher's exact test.

Results Of 136 women randomized, 67 received NPWT and 69 received standard WC. The 4-week follow-up rate was 88%. Maternal clinical and surgical characteristics were similar between the groups. The prevalence of the composite wound morbidity outcome was not different between those with NPWT and standard WC (4.9 vs. 6.9%; p = 0.71).

Conclusion Routine clinical use of a NPWT system after cesarean delivery did not result in a significant reduction of wound morbidity over standard WC.
Red Cell Distribution Width as a Predictor of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Authors: Sagheb Setareh , Sepidarkish Mahdi , Movahedian Amirhossein , Mosayebi Ziba , Mohseni Sayyed
Published: July 2017

Objective Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a critical condition with high mortality and morbidity rates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admitted neonates due to severe hypoxemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate red cell distribution width (RDW) as a biomarker of hypoxemia and determine the optimal cutoff point of RDW for identifying neonates with PPHN.

Study Design All PPHN diagnosed, NICU admitted term infants with hypoxemia after birth from May 2014 to September 2016 were enrolled as case control and healthy term infants with nonhemolytic jaundice who were admitted for phototherapy on the second or third day of birth were the control group. Blood samples were collected. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to examine the association between PPHN and RDW.

Results Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff point of RDW for identifying neonates with PPHN. RDW was higher in the PPHN group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Significant predictors of PPHN were mother's underlying disease (p = 0.01) and RDW (p < 0.001). The optimal RDW cut point for prediction of PPHN by the ROC curve analysis was 17.9 (sensitivity = 85.71%). RDW's area under the curve was 0.9197 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion RDW may be a simple, valuable, accessible marker for predicting PPHN before performing echocardiography in hypoxemic NICU admitted neonates.
Effects of Highly-pure-enriched-cellulose Diet on Digestibility, Lipid Metabolism and Redox Status in Obese Offspring of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Bensalah Meryem , Bouanane Samira , Benyagoub Ouahiba , Merzouk Hafida , Fatima Zohra
Published: July 2017

The long-term nutritional efficacy of a highly-pure-enriched-cellulose (HPEC) diet and its effects on lipid metabolism and oxidant/antioxidant status were investigated in obese offspring of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes in pregnant rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin on day 5 of gestation. Control pregnant rats were injected with citrate buffer. At weaning offspring of diabetic and control rats were fed HPEC or control diet, they were housed individually in metabolic cage for 2 months to investigate the nutritional efficacy of the diets. Consumption of HPEC diet decrease weight gain and energy intake, increase fecal weight and reduce lipid and protein digestibility; however, these diet had no effect on protein utilization, and nitrogen balance remained positive which confirms that HPEC diet had no significant long-term nutritional risks. Indeed for obese offspring from diabetic rats, these diet associated with high satiety promote weight loss, and provide reasonable glycemic control, these diet also lower blood lipids concentration and correct the imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant system. HPEC diet had a protective effect against long-term metabolic abnormalities associated with macrosomia.
Der Konsum von elektronischen Dampferzeugnissen unter Jugendlichen – Konsummuster in einer repräsentativen Stichprobe aus Frankfurt/Main
Authors: Werse Bernd , Müller Daniela , Stöver Heino , Dichtl Anna , Graf Niels
Published: July 2017

Ziel der Studie Seit einigen Jahren wird über Verbreitung und Risiken elektronischer Dampferzeugnisse (eDe) unter Jugendlichen diskutiert, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Frage, ob eDe eine „Einstiegsdroge“ in den Tabakkonsum darstellen. Diesen Fragestellungen wird anhand einer Repräsentativstichprobe nachgegangen.

Methoden Es werden Daten aus einer lokalen repräsentativen Schülerbefragung aus Frankfurt a.M. verwendet, in der 2014 und 2015 jeweils detailliert nach eDe-Konsum gefragt wurde. Die Daten wurden mit üblichen statistischen Verfahren analysiert.

Ergebnisse Mehr als die Hälfte der 15- bis 18-Jährigen hat eDe ausprobiert, E-Shishas häufiger als E-Zigaretten. 2% „dampfen“ täglich. Aktuell eDe Konsumierende rauchen deutlich häufiger als andere Jugendliche. Befragte, die vor der ersten Raucherfahrung eDe probiert haben, entwickeln signifikant seltener einen häufigen Zigarettenkonsum.

Schlussfolgerung Die Resultate deuten nicht darauf hin, dass eDe als „Einstiegsdroge“ zu betrachten sind.
Examination of thermal properties and degradation of InGaN - based diode lasers by thermoreflectance spectroscopy and focused ion beam etching
Authors: Pierścińska Dorota , Pierściński Kamil , Płuska Mariusz , Marona Łucja , Wiśniewski Przemysław , Perlin Piotr , Bugajski Maciej
Published: July 2017

In this paper, thermal properties of InGaN-based diode lasers are investigated. The thermoreflectance technique was employed to study temperature distributions on the front facet of device. Measurements were performed, allowing investigation of the contribution of two main heat sources to the total temperature rise observed on the facet of device. It has been found that the contribution from reabsorption of laser emission at the facet, is much smaller than the one caused by Joule heating (electrical power). Additionally, devices have been investigated by means of SEM and FIB to determine the degradation sources. Inspection of the devices confirmed the lack of mirror damage or deposits. The main source of degradation was found to be located in the region of ridge and caused by extended defects. Our findings confirm the hypothesis that injected current is the major driving force of degradation.
Maximum stress of stiff elastic plate in uniform flow and due to jet impact
Authors: Korobkin A. A. , Khabakhpasheva T. I. , Malenica S.
Published: July 2017

The liquid jet impact onto a clamped elastic plate is investigated. The two-dimensional jet of constant thickness and with flat vertical front is initially advancing towards the elastic plate along a flat, rigid, and horizontal plane at a constant uniform speed. The elastic plate of variable thickness is mounted perpendicular to the rigid plane. The maximum stress during the early impact stage is estimated for a given retardation time and a given relaxation time of the plate material. The stresses during the initial impact stage are compared with the static stresses in the plate placed in an equivalent uniform flow. It is shown that the static stresses are always smaller than the bending stresses during the early stage of impact for a given speed and thickness of the jet. This implies that if the stresses in the plate are smaller than the yield stress of the plate material with no plastic deformations in the plate occurring during the unsteady impact stage, then the plate behaves elastically after the impact and plastic deformations are not achieved. Approaching the plastic deformations is treated here as a damage to the plate. The maximum stress increases with an increase in jet thickness. A critical value of the jet velocity, below which the plate is not damaged by the jet impact, is obtained for given characteristics of the plate.
Markers of protein synthesis are increased in fetal membranes and myometrium after human labour and delivery
Authors: Liong Stella , Lappas Martha
Published: July 2017

Preterm birth remains one of the leading causes of neonatal death. Inflammation and maternal infection are two of the leading aetiological factors for preterm birth. Labour is associated with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and prolabour mediators in human gestational tissues. In non-gestational tissues, synthesis of proinflammatory and prolabour mediators is regulated by components of the protein synthesis machinery. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the effect of human labour on the expression of three protein synthesis markers, namely eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (EEF2K), mitogen-activated protein kinase interacting protein kinase 1 (MKNK1) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (EIF4E), and their role in regulating inflammation in human gestational tissues. In fetal membranes and myometrium, EEF2K expression was significantly lower, whereas MKNK1 expression was significantly higher withterm and preterm labourcompared to term nolabour. In contrast, EIF4E expression did not change in fetal membranes or myometrium with labour. In primary myometrial cells, loss-of-function studies using specific chemical inhibitors of EEF2K (A484954) and MKNK1 (CGP57380) demonstrated that MKNK1, but not EEF2K, was required for polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C); a viral double-stranded RNA mimetic) and interleukin (IL)-1β-induced production of IL6, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and prostaglandin F2α. In conclusion, spontaneous term and preterm labour is associated with decreased EEF2K and increased MKNK1 expression in fetal membranes and myometrium. Moreover, MKNK1 is involved in the genesis of proinflammatory and prolabour mediators that is mediated by inflammation or infection. However, further studies are required to elucidate the role of EEF2K in human labour.
Dilemma of nitrogen management for future food security in sub-Saharan Africa – a review
Authors: Masso Cargele , Baijukya Fredrick , Ebanyat Peter , Bouaziz Sifi , Wendt John , Bekunda Mateete , Vanlauwe Bernard
Published: July 2017

Food security entails having sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs. The need to optimise nitrogen (N) use for nutrition security while minimising environmental risks in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is overdue. Challenges related to managing N use in SSA can be associated with both insufficient use and excessive loss, and thus the continent must address the ‘too little’ and ‘too much’ paradox. Too little N is used in food production (80% of countries have N deficiencies), which has led to chronic food insecurity and malnutrition. Conversely, too much N load in water bodies due mainly to soil erosion, leaching, limited N recovery from wastewater, and atmospheric deposition contributes to eutrophication (152 Gg N year–1 in Lake Victoria, East Africa). Limited research has been conducted to improve N use for food production and adoption remains low, mainly because farming is generally practiced by resource-poor smallholder farmers. In addition, little has been done to effectively address the ‘too much’ issues, as a consequence of limited research capacity. This research gap must be addressed, and supportive policies operationalised, to maximise N benefits, while also minimising pollution. Innovation platforms involving key stakeholders are required to address N use efficiency along the food supply chain in SSA, as well as other world regions with similar challenges.