bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Depression: Emerging Therapeutic
Avenues
Authors: Bhatt Shvetank , Kanoujia Jovita , Mohana Lakshmi S. , Patil CR. , Gupta Gaurav , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Dua Kamal
Published: March 2022

The human gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of central nervous
system-related diseases. Recent studies suggest correlations between the altered gut microbiota and
major depressive disorder (MDD). It is proposed that normalization of the gut microbiota alleviates
MDD. The imbalance of brain-gut-microbiota axis also results in dysregulation of the hypothalamicpituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis. This imbalance has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression.
Treatment strategies with certain antibiotics lead to the depletion of useful microbes and thereby induce
depression like effects in subjects. Microbiota is also involved in the synthesis of various neurotransmitters
(NTs) like 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT; serotonin), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine
(DA). In addition to NTs, the gut microbiota also has an influence on brain derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) levels. Recent research findings have exhibited that transfer of stress prone microbiota in
mice is also responsible for depression and anxiety-like behaviour in animals. The use of probiotics,
prebiotics, synbiotics and proper diet have shown beneficial effects in the regulation of depression
pathogenesis. Moreover, transplantation of fecal microbiota from depressed individuals to normal subjects
also induces depression-like symptoms. With the precedence of limited therapeutic benefits from
monoamine targeting drugs, the regulation of brain-gut microbiota is emerging as a new treatment
modality for MDDs. In this review, we elaborate on the significance of brain-gut-microbiota axis in
the progression of MDD, particularly focusing on the modulation of the gut microbiota as a mode of
treating MDD.
Importance of Exploring N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) as a Future
Perspective Target in Depression
Authors: Doshi Gaurav Mahesh , Bhatia Nirav Yogesh , Ved Hemen Sanjay , Kale Pravin Popatrao
Published: March 2022

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious and complex mental illness. Currently, many
antidepressants are available in the market for the treatment of MDD. However, these agents are associated
with side effects, which restricts their use. This warrants the development of advanced antidepressive
medications with a novel mechanism of action or novel targets and with minimal adverse
effects. The traditional neurobiological hypothesis of depression, the monoamine hypothesis, is unable
to properly explain all the aspects of depressive conditions. In this review, we discuss novel approaches
that could be used for the treatment of depression, including glutamatergic and serotonergic system
modulation. The pathogenesis of depression is greatly affected by glutamatergic neurotransmission
dysfunction. Previous investigations have shown that ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist,
exerts fast and long-lasting antidepressant effects. Several glutamatergic modulators, such as
esketamine, sarcosine, and others, have also shown potential antidepressant action in animal as well as
clinical studies. Lastly, drugs that alter neurotransmission by NMDA receptors could open up new avenues
for more effective treatment of depression. Besides, understanding the underlying mechanisms
will aid in the development of novel and fast-acting antidepressant drugs in the future.
The Role of Inflammatory and Cytokine Biomarkers in the Pathogenesis of
Frailty Syndrome
Authors: Mir Rashid , Jha Chandan K. , Khullar Naina , Maqbool Mohsin , Dabla Pradeep K. , Mathur Suruchi , Moustafa Amal , Faridi Uzma A. , Hamadi Abdullah , Mir Mohammad Muzaffar , Abu Duhier Faisel M.
Published: March 2022

Frailty is a conglomerated elderly disorder that includes multiple abnormalities, like anemia, an increased titer of catabolic hormones, and compromised physiology of most of the body systems. Many studies have established the biomarkers that correlate with physical function and immune aging; however, people can age differently, so chronological age is not a sufficient marker of susceptibility to disabilities, morbidities, and mortality. The pathophysiology of frailty is not clearly understood, but a critical role of enhanced inflammation in the body is hypothesized. Many factors contribute to the development of frailty syndrome, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory markers, inflammatory cytokines, and secosteroids, like vitamin D. This review aims to highlight the role of inflammatory and cytokine biomarkers and vitamin D in the pathogenesis of Frailty Syndrome.
Akuntabilitas dan Transparansi Anggaran Pemerintah di Era Covid-19 Pada Website Pemerintah Daerah Se-Indonesia
Authors: Shahib Habib Muhammad , Hasanuddin Muhammad Ridwan , Nurdin Yasmi , Palete Siprianus , Mika Fenny , Rahayu Saputri Reski
Published: March 2022

This study attempts to present an analysis to assess the accountability and transparency of local government budgets in the Covid-19 era across Indonesia. This study used content analysis on official local government websites across Indonesia with reference to previous research. The results of this study revealed that the alignment between accountability and budget transparency was not maximized. Based on the tables and graphs, the provincial government that reached the highest percentage of 24% are Maluku and West Kalimantan provinces. At the same time, the lowest was in Papua and West Papua provinces at 4%. However, related to the district/city government alignment indicators for accountability and transparency regarding the COVID-19 budget only reached 10%, also regarding COVID-19 budget accountability and reporting transparency in the form of financial reports only reached 9%. Therefore, it is better for provincial to district/city governments to pay more attention to budget accountability and transparency, not just during the covid-19 era. The government should see the importance of accountability and transparency activities as the government's responsibility to the public. Finally, this research will enrich the discussion of accountability and accounting issues in the current government studies literature
Synthesizing Dimensions of Digital Maturity in Hospitals: Systematic Review
Authors: Duncan Rhona , Eden Rebekah , Woods Leanna , Wong Ides , Sullivan Clair
Published: March 2022

Background

Digital health in hospital settings is viewed as a panacea for achieving the “quadruple aim” of health care, yet the outcomes have been largely inconclusive. To optimize digital health outcomes, a strategic approach is necessary, requiring digital maturity assessments. However, current approaches to assessing digital maturity have been largely insufficient, with uncertainty surrounding the dimensions to assess.

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify the current dimensions used to assess the digital maturity of hospitals.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted of peer-reviewed literature (published before December 2020) investigating maturity models used to assess the digital maturity of hospitals. A total of 29 relevant articles were retrieved, representing 27 distinct maturity models. The articles were inductively analyzed, and the maturity model dimensions were extracted and consolidated into a maturity model framework.

Results

The consolidated maturity model framework consisted of 7 dimensions: strategy; information technology capability; interoperability; governance and management; patient-centered care; people, skills, and behavior; and data analytics. These 7 dimensions can be evaluated based on 24 respective indicators.

Conclusions

The maturity model framework developed for this study can be used to assess digital maturity and identify areas for improvement.
Application of Sentinel-2 Data for Extraction of Flood Inundation along Ganga River, Bihar
Authors: Kashyap Manisha , Bhatt Chandra Mohan , Rawat J. S.
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Remote Sensing techniques played a significant role in the extraction of the flood inundation. The study is based on delineating the flood water of 2019 that affected the Bihar region along the Ganga River using Sentinel 2 satellite imageries. For this purpose the spectral water index methods: NDWI and MNDWI was used. And to differentiate water from the non-water areas certain threshold values were used. The selection of optimum threshold values was an essential task as it helped to precisely detect the inundated areas. The optimum threshold was lower for MNDWIs for the pre-flood time while for the during flood time NDWI the values were lower. For the pre-flood moment NDWI gave the highest Kappa of 0.93 and for the during flood moment, MNDWI 1 produced the highest Kappa of 0.95 and Overall Accuracy (OA) of 0.91. Overall in this experiment, MNDWI 1 estimated better accuracy in determining the water bodies and flooded region. Due to the highest rainfall in the districts of Patna, Khagaria, Begusrai, and Bhagalpur throughout, the areas were adversely affected by floods in 2019. Keywords: Water Index, NDWI, MNDWI, Flood Inundation, Sentinel-2, natural disasters, Accuracy Assessment
Simulation of Cutting Parameters in the Turning of Aluminium Metal Matrix Nanocomposite Using Constitutive Models
Authors: M Madduleti. , Ramaiah P. Venkata
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The present research looks upon metal matrix composites, namely Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs), as well as modelling and simulation of the orthogonal metal cutting process. A fundamental component of AMMCs is aluminum alloy, which creates a percolating network and acts as the matrix stage. Multiwall nano carbon tubes are another non-metallic component used as reinforcement in the aluminum alloy matrix (CNT). Some of the primary advantages of AMMNCs over unreinforced products are higher strength, high stiffness, decreased weight, improved heat properties, controlled thermal development coefficient, and thermal/heat monitoring. The SHPB test at high stain rates is commonly used to establish the Johnson cook constants for AMMNC work piece material.The Johnson-Cook constitutive model, which estimates flow stress as the product of strain, strain rate, and temperature effects, is used to determine work hardening, strain-rate hardening, and thermal softening. FEM simulations were carried out using 2D-Deform software. When the results of the 2D-Deform software-derived flow stressandtemperature are compared to the findings of the analytical model, the results are satisfactory. Keywords: Dynamic parameters, AMMNC, JC model, FEM
General parameter-shift rules for quantum gradients
Authors: Wierichs David , Izaac Josh , Wang Cody , Lin Cedric Yen-Yu
Published: March 2022

Variational quantum algorithms are ubiquitous in applications of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. Due to the structure of conventional parametrized quantum gates, the evaluated functions typically are finite Fourier series of the input parameters. In this work, we use this fact to derive new, general parameter-shift rules for single-parameter gates, and provide closed-form expressions to apply them. These rules are then extended to multi-parameter quantum gates by combining them with the stochastic parameter-shift rule. We perform a systematic analysis of quantum resource requirements for each rule, and show that a reduction in resources is possible for higher-order derivatives. Using the example of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm, we show that the generalized parameter-shift rule can reduce the number of circuit evaluations significantly when computing derivatives with respect to parameters that feed into many gates. Our approach additionally reproduces reconstructions of the evaluated function up to a chosen order, leading to known generalizations of the Rotosolve optimizer and new extensions of the quantum analytic descent optimization algorithm.
Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms for approximate graph coloring
Authors: Bravyi Sergey , Kliesch Alexander , Koenig Robert , Tang Eugene
Published: March 2022

We show how to apply the recursive quantum approximate optimization algorithm (RQAOA) to MAX-k-CUT, the problem of finding an approximate k-vertex coloring of a graph. We compare this proposal to the best known classical and hybrid classical-quantum algorithms. First, we show that the standard (non-recursive) QAOA fails to solve this optimization problem for most regular bipartite graphs at any constant level p: the approximation ratio achieved by QAOA is hardly better than assigning colors to vertices at random. Second, we construct an efficient classical simulation algorithm which simulates level-1 QAOA and level-1 RQAOA for arbitrary graphs. In particular, these hybrid algorithms give rise to efficient classical algorithms, and no benefit arising from the use of quantum mechanics is to be expected. Nevertheless, they provide a suitable testbed for assessing the potential benefit of hybrid algorithm: We use the simulation algorithm to perform large-scale simulation of level-1 QAOA and RQAOA with up to 300 qutrits applied to ensembles of randomly generated 3-colorable constant-degree graphs. We find that level-1 RQAOA is surprisingly competitive: for the ensembles considered, its approximation ratios are often higher than those achieved by the best known generic classical algorithm based on rounding an SDP relaxation. This suggests the intriguing possibility that higher-level RQAOA may be a potentially useful algorithm for NISQ devices.
Korelasi Antara Pendidikan Ibu dan Sumber Informasi dengan Status Imunisasi Anak Di Kelurahan Wonokusumo Kota Surabaya Tahun 2019
Authors: Karlina Karlina , Syahrul Fariani
Published: March 2022

Imunisasi adalah upaya untuk meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh guna terhindar dari penyakit, khususnya PD3I (Penyakit yang Dapat Dicegah dengan Imunisasi). Pemberian imunisasi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, baik dari pribadi anak maupun pihak lain. Kegagalan imunisasi dapat menimbulkan dampak buruk terhadap kehidupan dan kesehatan anak, yang secara tidak langsung juga akan berdampak pada orang sekitarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan pendidikan ibu dan sumber informasi dengan status imunisasi baduta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah baduta di RW XVI Kelurahan Wonokusumo, Kecamatan Semampir, Kota Surabaya dengan jumlah 59 orang. Data yang diperoleh berupa data sekunder dari kegiatan PKL mahasiswa ahli jenis S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Airlangga. Hubungan antara variabel dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi spearman. Adanya hubungan sangat lemah antara pendidikan ibu (r=0,158) dan sumber informasi (r=0,170) dengan status imunisasi baduta. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah ibu dan keluarga berpartisipasi saat ada penyuluhan kesehatan khususnya terkait imunisasi.
Gambaran Perilaku Masyarakat Terhadap Pandemi COVID-19 Di Wilayah RW 021 Desa Andongsari Jember
Authors: Alifia Annisa Fitrah , Soedirham Oedojo
Published: March 2022

Percepatan penularan COVID-19 mengakibatkan penyebaran terjadi di seluruh Provinsi di Indonesia, dengan angka kasus tertinggi di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penyebaran COVID-19 telah terjadi di seluruh kabupaten/Kota yang ada di Provinsi Jawa Timur termasuk Kabupaten Jember. COVID-19 telah memiliki status kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat. Masyarakat diharapkan untuk dapat membiasakan perilaku baru yaitu melakukan upaya pencegahan penularan COVID-19. Pemerintah diharuskan memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat, dengan masyarakat mengetahui bahaya dari COVID-19 masyarakat akan melakukan upaya pencegahan dengan baik. Upaya pemberian edukasi atau informasi mengenai COVID-19 sudah dilakukan salah satunya melalui kegiatan relawan seperti RT Siaga yang dilakukan salah satunya di wilayah RW 021 Desa Andongsari.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran perilaku masyarakat terkait pandemi COVID-19 di wilayah RW 021 Desa Andongsari Jember setelah diberikan edukasi terkait COVID-19 pada kegiatan RT Siaga. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada responden melalui link google form yang dibagikan ke grup whatsapp masryarakat setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada variable pengetahuan100% responden masuk dalam kategori baik, pada variable sikap 100% responden juga masuk dalam kategori baik, dan pada variable tindakan 96% dari responden masuk dalam kategori baik, dan 4% dari responden masuk dalam kategori buruk. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini dapat digambarkan bahwa perilaku masyarakat terkait pandemi COVID-19 masuk dalam kategori baik.
Hubungan Antara IMT dan Kebiasaan Merokok Dengan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders Pada Petani Padi di Desa Doho, Kabupaten Madiun, Jawa Timur
Authors: Afro Haura Salsabila , Paskarini Indriati
Published: March 2022

Berdasarkan penelitian pada Jurnal Kesehatan, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) merupakan masalah kesehatan kerja yang terjadi pada petani padi. Terdapat beberapa faktor penyebab keluhan muskuloskeletal yang diklasifikasikan menjadi faktor individu (usia, durasi kerja, kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan olahraga dan indeks massa tubuh) dan faktor yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan (postur kerja dan beban kerja). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kuat hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dan kebiasaan merokok dengan keluhan musculoskeletal disorders pada petani padi di Desa Doho, Dolopo, Madiun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel dari penelitian ini sebanyak 33 responden yang dipilih berdasarkan teknik total populasi. Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah IMT dan kebiasaan merokok yang didapatkan dari hasil kuesioner dan wawancara. Sementara Keluhan MSDs diukur dengan Nordic Body Map (NBM). Data pada penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman dan uji Cramer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 63.63% perokok, 36.36% bukan perokok, 12.12% kurus ringan, 6% kurus berat, 57.57% normal, 15.15% gemuk ringan dan  9% gemuk berat. Diketahui semua responden mengalami keluhan MSDs, terdapat 60.6% responden atau sebanyak 20 orang dengan risiko sedang, 7 orang termasuk dalam risiko tinggi (21.2%) dan 6 orang lainnya termasuk ke dalam risiko sangat tinggi (18.2%). Diketahui berdasarkan hasil uji Spearman bahwa terdapat hubungan dengan kategori sedang antara kebiasaan merokok dengan keluhan MSDs (p = 0.030, koefisien korelasi = 0.345) dan hasil uji Cramer menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara IMT dengan keluhan MSDs termasuk dalam kategori sangat lemah (p = 0.009, koefisien korelasi = 0.414).
The role of the audit committee in accounting and finance expertise on earnings quality
Authors: Nugroho Yoga Pratama , Setiawan Doddy , Wedari Linda Kusumaning
Published: March 2022

This study aims at examining the effect of the audit committee with accounting and finance expertise on the earnings quality of manufacturing companies in Indonesia. The earnings quality measurement uses the absolute value of discretionary accrual. This study uses three measurements of discretionary accruals, the Jones model (Jones, 1991), the modified Jones (Dechow, Sloan, & Sweeney, 1995), and the Kasznik models (Kasznik, 1999). Further, the current study refers to Badolato, Donelson, and Ege (2014) to identify the audit committee expertise. The data were collected from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2015 and 2017 with 331 observations. The results showed that audit committees’ characteristics with both accounting and finance expertise have a negative effect on discretionary accrual. Thus, audit committees’ members with both accounting and finance expertise have reduced the level of discretionary accruals. The result is consistent using three measurements of discretionary accruals. Therefore, the audit committee members with both accounting and finance expertise have a positive effect on improving the quality of firms’ earnings. Our result is robust to different methods of discretionary accrual measurement. This study may be very helpful for those audit committees seeking to improve their composition and way of working. In other words, the findings of this study are potentially relevant to both audit committees and policy-makers
Patrones de administración de vancomicina en pacientes críticamente enfermos
Authors: Orjuela Camargo Ana María , Caviedes Pérez Giovanni
Published: March 2022

La vancomicina es un antimicrobiano ampliamente utilizado en unidades de cuidado intensivo para el tratamiento de infecciones por cocos Gram positivos. El principal parámetro PK/PD, predictor de la actividad de la vancomicina, es el AUC/MIC mayor a 400,  logrado  mediante concentraciones plasmáticas del fármaco de 15 a 20 mg/l en el contexto de un paciente con función renal normal. En los pacientes críticos, se generan cambios en los patrones farmacocinéticos que llevan a dosis sub-terapéuticas del antibiótico y monitoreo constante de las concentraciones plasmáticas. Por tanto, se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura con el objetivo de conocer cuál es el mejor régimen de administración de vancomicina en pacientes críticamente enfermos y establecer los parámetros básicos de prescripción en esta población. Se encontró que la infusión continua de vancomicina se relacionó con mejores resultados, alcanzando más tempranamente los niveles planeados de concentración plasmática. La dosis de carga estuvo en el intervalo de 15 a 30 mg/k y la dosis de mantenimiento se dio en promedio entre 30 a 40 mg/K día.  La concentración plasmática meta de vancomicina usada en la mayoría de los estudios oscila entre 15 y 20 mg/l. Como conclusión, se obtiene que la forma de administración en infusión continua, muestra mejor resultado, comparada con la administración intermitente; las dosis altas tanto en carga como en mantenimiento son las más recomendadas y no incrementan el riesgo de nefrotoxicidad; las estrategias PK/PD son útiles para el ajuste de la dosis de los pacientes críticamente enfermos.
Chemically tailored microporous nanocomposite membrane with multiple transport channels for fast solvent permeation
Authors: Guo Hukang , Xu Xiaoyi , Li Jiaqi , Feng Weilin , Zhang Mengxiao , Fang Chuanjie , Zhu Liping
Published: March 2022

Membrane technology is of great significance to realize efficient and
energy-saving molecular separation in petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and
food industries. However, current membrane materials are subject to an
insurmountable trade-off be-tween permeability and selectivity. Herein,
we report on a microporous nanocomposite membrane with multiple
sophisticated transport channels to intensify solvent permeation. To
achieve this goal, we designed polymers of intrinsic microporosity
(PIMs) with precise contorted rejection pores as matrix, and covalent
organic frameworks (COFs) with uniform one-dimensional (1D) channels as
porous nanomaterials. Notably, the selected PIMs and COFs have similar
chemical components and structures, ensuring the interfacial
compatibility between them was perfectly addressed. The prepared
PIMs/COFs nanocomposite membranes showed a significant boost in solvent
permeances (18.1 and 4.2 L m–2 h–1 bar–1 for acetonitrile and
ethanol), while leading to high rejections (>90%) towards
solute molecules of larger than 450 Da. This work paves a promising
avenue for efficient molecular separation.
A systematic methodological approach to estimate the impacts of a classical biological control agents dispersal at landscape: Application to fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis and its endoparasitoid Fopius arisanus.
Authors: Agboka Komi Mensah , Tonnang Henri , Abdel-Rahman Elfatih , Kimathi Emily , Mutanga Onisimo , Odindi John , Niassy Saliou , Mohamed Samira , Ekesi Sunday
Published: March 2022

Following the invasion of Africa by the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera
dorsalis, Classical biological control (CBC) have been exploited as a
safer alternative for its suppression by the introduction and release of
the koinobiont endoparasitoid, Fopius arisanus. Although, the
parasitoids have been released in several African countries, its extent
of dispersal resulting in numbers of beneficiaries fruit growers has not
yet been elucidated. This paper proposes an innovative multi-level CBC
impact analysis combining cellular automata (CA) and ecological niche
models to estimate parasitoid dispersal ranges and household beneficiary
populations. Firstly, we provide a generic systematic methodological
approach using CA rules incorporated into species distribution.
Secondly, the model was used to estimate the dispersal range of the
parasitoid based on the life history and bioecology of the host insect
(fruit fly) and the parasitoid. Finally, the parasitoid dispersal
coverage was mapped across fruit crops attacked by the target fruit fly,
and the number of households that have benefitted from the parasitoids
release programme was extracted from the area of the dispersal (first in
Kenya), and the data was projected across all countries where the
parasitoid have been released and validated. In Kenya, the model showed
that F. arisanus had covered a total area of 50.34 km2 from the initial
point of open field release; and at the continental scale, the model
predicted that the parasitoid had covered a total area of 229.97 km2.
The model estimated that 351,855 and 3,731,330 households have directly
benefited from the release of F. arisanus between 2013 to 2018 in Kenya
and at the continental level, respectively. The study’s outcome is
appropriate for providing feedback information on the impact of CBC to
government and development partners to make informed decisions on
technological interventions.
Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis During the Disease Course of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Gürlevik Sibel Laçinel , Aksu Tekin , Ozen Seza , Kesici Selman , Gümrük Fatma , Ozsurekci Yasemin
Published: March 2022

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious
disease with different and various clinical presentations. We may define
it as a “game changer” syndrome. Individual clinical entity is seen in
each patient and challenge clinicians. We have seen that patients with
perforated appendicitis findings on physical examinations who may
require urgent surgery recover with steroids or immunomodulators.
Treatment must be tailored to each patient individually. Here, we will
present three children with a diagnosis of MIS-C who have
hemophagocytosis in bone marrow aspiration, which are clinically
suggestive of secondary hemophagocytic lympho-histiocytosis (HLH).
Anthropomorphic Molecules as the New Candidates for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Arkan Foroogh , Izadyar Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Here, photovoltaic behaviors of the human-shaped molecules named Nanokid
and Nanoathlete (monomeric forms) and Nanoputain dimer1 and Nanoputain
dimer2 (hetero-dimers) based on the quantum chemistry were investigated.
For all studied anthropomorphic molecules, tuning the electrophilicity
decreases the energy barrier of the electron injection. Nanokid and
Nanoathlete have greater activity against solar light, which shows more
favorable photovoltaic parameters. Although Nanoputain dimers represent
better charge transfer indices and intramolecular charge transfer, they
have low oscillating strength. The maximum peaks of the current and
efficiency in different absorption wavelengths are originated from the
increase in the light-harvesting efficiency and decrease in the energy
barrier of the electron injection. Finally, Nanokid and Nanoathlete are
proposed as better candidates to be used in the photovoltaic cells.
A novel ultrahighly active plant immune inducer, ZNC, promotes potato growth and immunity indoors and in the field
Authors: Cao Juan , Liu Baoyou , Zhang Xiaoying , Xu Xinning , rehman saif , Li Yang , Ding Xinhua
Published: March 2022

ZNC is an ultrahighly active plant immune inducer extracted from the
endophyte Paecilomyces variotii that can promote plant growth and
enhance plant immunity. Our research aim was to further reveal the
trade-off balance between plant growth and immunity by evaluating the
mechanisms of ZNC on potato growth, yield, and priming immunity against
the oomycete Phytophthora infestans indoors and under field conditions.
ZNC sustained the balance between potato growth and resistance to
Phytophthora infestans with ultrahigh activity. It induced ROS
production, promoted plant growth, yield and quality parameters,
enhanced the expression of IAA-related genes, and increased the
absorption of N. Moreover, the flg22 and chitin signaling pathways
contributed to the ZNC-mediated defense response. Irrigation with ZNC at
one of two optimal concentrations of 1 or 10 ng/ml could enhance
resistance against potato late blight and marketable yield. Spray
application of ZNC onto potato plants significantly reduced the
occurrence of potato blight disease and greatly increased potato yield
in the field. In summary, ZNC, which is a new ultrahighly active plant
inducer, is a kind of green agricultural input with high efficiency and
low cost that has excellent potential in agricultural applications.
Effect of clinical infected status on azithromycin in the treatment of U.urealyticum-positive premature infants
Authors: Huang Xuemei , Chen Xueyu , Huang Zhifeng , Zhao Jie , Lin Bingchun , Xiong Xiaoyun , Chen Jichang , Yang Chuanzhong
Published: March 2022

Background Treatment of azithromycin in clinical infected of
U.urealyticum-positive may enable to reduce BPD. We aim to investigate
the association of clinical infected status on azithromycin treatment of
U.urealyticum-positive with the risk of BPD in very preterm infants.
Methods A single-centre retrospective study was performed on all very
preterm infants who were admitted to a tertiary unit from 2017 to 2019.
Does Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR) test for respiratory
secretions at the 1-3 first days of life. Therapeutic or preventive
regimen of azithromycin was gave when U.urealyticum-positive combining
clinical symptoms and signs. Results At last, a total of 118 infants
were included in our study. 29 infants developed bronchopulmonary
dysplasia (supplemental oxygen needed at 36 PMA or discharge). The
incidence of BPD was significantly higher in infants with UU clinical
infected (43.6%) compared to infants with UU colonization (15.2%, P =
0.001). After evaluate the treatment effect on azithromycin, UU clinical
infected status being cure has significantly lower incidence of BPD when
compared to un-cure infants ((7/10) vs (19/3); OR 0.111; 95% CI:
0.023-0.523; p = 0.005). UU colonization un-cure status was protective
factor when compared to clinical infected un-cure status in develop to
PBD, statistically significant in difference ((1/10) vs (4/3); OR 0.075;
95% CI: 0.006-0.954; p = 0.047). It might indicate that there was other
else cause the BPD in the UU colonization infants. Conclusion The
efficacious treatment by azithromycin in clinical infected status of
U.urealyticum-positive has a significant difference in developing of BPD
compare to non-efficacious.
Determination of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Syrups Used for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children This article is an interdisciplinary study. It was to reveal that syrups with coughing and septone and alkali used especially after the colds of children are in two groups as chemical and plant-added syrups. The presence of antioxidant antimicrobial and properties of these syrups, which are widely used, and the effect of herbal syrups between chemical syrups. It provides practical in
Authors: İmamoğlu Aylin , yurdakul Emine Ertürk , ERTÜRK ÖMER , ÇolAyvaz Melek
Published: March 2022

The aim was to research the antimicrobial effects against clinically
significant bacterial and fungal organisms and antioxidant activities of
some syrups sold with and without prescriptions and commonly used for
upper respiratory tract infections in children. The antimicrobial
efficacy of 10 syrups, with five chemical-based and five herbal-based,
against nine bacteria and one yeast species was tested with the disc
diffusion method and data in the research were statistically analyzed.
Additionally, the antioxidant efficacy of the syrups was researched with
total phenolic content in addition to tests based on different methods.
This study found herbal-based syrups had mean activity (11 mm) that was
higher compared to chemical-based syrups (9.42 mm) according to results
obtained by measuring the inhibition diameters. Among all syrups, the
syrup containing Pelargonium sidoides root extract had highest activity
against all microorganisms. While the total phenolic content of a syrup
with chemical origin was higher than that of all other syrups, the
antioxidant activity of another syrup containing many herbal extracts at
the same time was considerably higher as a result of
2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay. Herbal-based syrups
have stronger antimicrobial efficacy compared to chemical-based syrups.
The strongest antimicrobial activity was in syrups with herbal-based
active material of Pelargonium sidoides root extract and thyme fluid
extract. The antioxidant activities of herbal syrups containing extracts
of different parts of herbal species such as thyme, licorice root,
echinacea, ginger, African geranium, barberry, and acerola were found to
be more effective according to all three methods tested.
Is transoesophageal echocardiography necessary before electrical cardioversion in patients treated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants? Current evidence and practical approach
Authors: Gorczyca Iwona , Uziębło-Życzkowska Beata , Krzesiński Paweł , Kapłon-Cieślicka Agnieszka
Published: March 2022

Background: According to current guidelines, non-vitamin K antagonist
oral anticoagulants (NOACs) should be used at least 3 weeks before
planned ECV. In accordance with international atrial fibrillation (AF)
guidelines, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is a pre-procedural
examination recommended as an alternative to the adequate oral
anticoagulation. Hypothesis: The strategy related to qualifying patients
treated with NOACs for pre-procedural TOE differs in individual centers.
Therefore, it is necessary to create an algorithm that will standardize
estimation of left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) prevalence risk and
thereby qualify NOAC treated patients to TOE in the most effective way.
Methods: We assessed the available studies on LAAT predictors. Results:
Risk factors for LAAT formation are not necessarily the same as the risk
factors for thromboembolic events in patients with AF. The main risk
factor for LAAT are: previous intracardiac thrombus, irregular use of
NOAC, inappropriate dose reduction of NOAC, previous stroke,
CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 points, GFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2, reduced
left ventricular ejection fraction or left atrial enlargement.
Conclusion: Based on available evidence, we proposed algorithm
guarantees more systematic approach to performing TOE in patients
undergoing ECV.
Lipoprotein (a) is an Upstream Mediator of Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Makhdoum Ahmed , Kotani Yasuhiro , Morishita Ryuichi , Otsu Rei , Taniyama Yoshiaki , Mazine Amine , Leong Hon , Verma Subodh , Yanagawa Bobby
Published: March 2022

Background: A landmark genome-wide association study has linked
mutations in the plasma lipoprotein complex lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]
and aortic stenosis. We attempted to determine whether Lp(a) is a key
upstream mediator of aortic stenosis. Methods: Male, Lp(a) transgenic
(N=10) and control mice (N=10) were fed a high cholesterol diet for 6
weeks, then hearts were sectioned for histological analysis. Human
stenosis (N=8) and non-stenotic (N=7) aortic valve leaflets were
obtained intraoperatively and submitted for histologic and
immunohistochemical analyses. All histological sections were
semi-quantitatively graded in a blinded manner (0-3/3+ units). Results:
Aortic valves from Lp(a) transgenic mice fed a high-cholesterol diet
demonstrated significant aortic valve changes including fibrosis (2.0/4
vs 0.5/4), calcification (1.9.4 vs 0.1/4) units, angiogenesis (1.1/4 vs
0.3/4) and inflammatory infiltration (1.0 vs 0.1/4) compared with
control aortic valves (all p<0.001). Human stenotic aortic
valve leaflets expressed greater Lp(a) (2.4/4 vs 1.7/4) in areas of
fibrosis, inflammatory infiltration and angiogenesis, compared with
non-stenotic aortic valve leaflets (p=<0.005) Conclusion: Our
proof-of-concept studies offer evidence for a potential causative role
of Lp(a) as a trigger of aortic stenosis. Further work is needed to
confirm these results. Therapeutic strategies targeting Lp(a) levels may
serve as a novel strategy to limit progressive calcification in aortic
stenosis.
Engineering Oxygen Vacancies into ZSM-5@MnOx catalysts for Efficient Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Qi Tingting , Zhou Linyu , Li Yingjiao , Chu Guang-Wen , Shi Jie , Zou Hai-Kui , Sun Baochang
Published: March 2022

In this paper, ZSM-5@MnOx catalyst was firstly prepared by in situ
growth for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde.
The coating effects of MnOx on ZSM-5 and OV formation mechanism at the
ZSM-5-MnOx interface were investigated. Results showed that the sodium
ions of ZSM-5 are found to be conducive to the better coating for MnOx.
Hydrogen protons of zeolite can dehydrate with the OH groups on MnOx to
generate the OVs where the oxidation of benzyl alcohol occurs. Besides,
the deep dehydration at the ZSM-5-MnOx interface via increasing
post-treatment temperature can further enrich the OV concentrations. The
~100% benzyl alcohol conversion and
~100% benzaldehyde selectivity over the ZSM-5@MnOx
catalyst can be obtained within 3 h at 383 K. The findings of the
structure-activity relationship of zeolite’s surface properties and OVs
over MnOx can provide important guiding principles for the rational
design of oxidation catalysts.
Diagnostic Ultrasound: Standardizing reference ranges of the Chinese fetal nervous system
Authors: yue chen , ding qian , sui hongjin , li chan , yu shengbo , gong jing , wang lixia , wang yifei , liu zhao chang , xu bing , zhang jianfei , chi yanyan , Gilmore campbell
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To establish a reliable database of standard references
values during Chinese fetal cerebral ventricular development Design:
randomized controlled trial. Setting: The second hospital of Dalian
medical university, china, dalian. Population：110 singleton pregnant
women were examined. Methods: 110 singleton pregnant women were divided
into two groups. Group one consisted of 110 singleton pregnant women of
varying gestational ages (GA) in 16-40 weeks; Group two was used as an
experimental control, we picked 10 out of the 110 pregnant women to
conduct a follow-up study on.Ultrasound was used to measure and
establish the reference ranges of the fetal neural system structures
specifically: the dimensions of the lateral ventricle, the width of the
3rd ventricle and the dimensions of the 4th ventricle. Measurements of
the cavity of septum pellucidum (CSP) and the thalamo-occipital distance
(TOD) were taken as well. Main Outcome Measures: reference ranges of the
fetal neural system. Results： In group one, a decrease in the FHW was
observed as GA increased,while the dimensions of the 3rd ,4th ventricle
and the CSP all increased. OHW of the lateral ventricles and TOD were
stable during the whole pregnancy. In group two, the data displayed
similarities to the overall data, while the TOD values increased with
GA, which was different from the data obtained from group one. The FHW
showed asymmetry during the pregnancy Conclusions：The data is intended
to be used by physicians as a reference range for the development of the
Chinese fetal ventricles and aid in the diagnosis of abnormalities
Antimalarial potential of ethanolic extract of winter bignonia rhizomes: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Gorki Varun , Walter Neha , Chauhan Monika , Kaur Manninder , Dhingra Neelima , Bagai Upma , Kaur Sukhbir
Published: March 2022

Background and Purpose: Day to day updates for increasing resistant
cases even against artemisinin-based combination therapies has
necessitated the need to develop new antiplasmodials. We evaluated the
impact of crude ethanol extract of Bergenia ciliata (winter bignonia)
rhizomes (EREBC), conventionally used as an antipyretic in the Himalayan
region against the malaria parasite. Experimental Approach: HPTLC was
performed to identify and quantify three marker compounds in EREBC. The
in vitro antimalarial activity was evaluated by schizont maturation
inhibition assay. MTT assay was employed to test the cytotoxicity of
EREBC. Peter’s 4-day test and Peters method was employed to discern the
suppressive and preventive activity of the extract respectively. Key
Results: HPTLC analysis revealed the presence of bergenin, epicatechin
and gallic acid in EREBC. It exhibited considerable inhibition
(IC50<5µg/mL) of schizont maturation of both RKL-9 and MRC-2
strains of P. falciparum. EREBC was non-toxic to both HeLa cells and
normal dermal fibroblasts (CC50>1000µg/mL). Selectivity
index was >200 for both the strains. EREBC exhibited
considerable in vivo suppressive activity with 96.48% inhibition at
500mg/kg in comparison to chloroquine (96.08%). The ED50 of the extract
was <50mg/kg. No mortality was evident in mice administered
with different doses of EREBC (50-500mg/kg) throughout the follow up
period of 28 days. EREBC was also safe to liver and kidney function of
mice as observed from biochemical analysis. Conclusions and
implications: Overall, the study illustrates marked efficacy of EREBC as
an antimalarial agent with bergenin, epicatechin and gallic acid as the
major constituents of the extract.
Drug-drug interaction database for safe prescribing of systemic antifungal agents
Authors: Niazi-Ali Saarah , Denning David , Atherton Graham , Walczak Marcin
Published: March 2022

A drug-drug interaction (DDI) describes the influence of one drug upon
another or the change in a drug’s effect on the body when the drug is
taken together with a second drug. A DDI can delay, decrease, or enhance
absorption or metabolism of either drug. Several antifungal agents have
a large number of potentially deleterious DDIs. The antifungal drug
interaction database https://antifungalinteractions.org/was first
launched in 2012 and is updated regularly. It is available as web and
app versions to allow information on potential drug interactions with
antifungals with a version for patients and another for health
professionals. A new and updated database and interface with apps was
been created in 2019. This allows clinicians and patients to rapidly
check for DDIs. The database is fully referenced to allow the user to
access further information if needed. Currently DDIs for fluconazole,
itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, terbinafine,
amphotericin B, caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin are
cross-referenced against 2398 other licensed drugs, a total of nearly
17,000 potential DDIs. The database records 541 potentially severe DDIs,
1129 moderate and 1015 mild DDIs, a total of 2685 (15.9%). As the
online database and apps are free to use, we hope that widespread
acceptance and usage will reduce medical misadventure and iatrogenic
harm from unconsidered DDIs.
Patient satisfaction in Cyprus’s Primary Care: a pilot study
Authors: Samoutis George , Samoutis Andreas , Stylianou Neophytos
Published: March 2022

Background: Patient satisfactions is a widely accepted metric of quality
of care. Patient satisfaction is important in understanding the
perspectives of the recipients of care and can act as a quality
improvement tool. It is of paramount importance to assess patient
satisfaction specially after a major healthcare reform. This is the
first study to describe the level of patient satisfaction with new
Primary Care in Cyprus. Methods: An internationally validated tool for
patients’ evaluations of general practice care was used in an online
survey in one of the largest group practices in Cyprus Primary Care. An
online questionnaire was sent to all registered email addresses of the
group practice. A total of 5,000 emails were sent measuring patient
satisfaction based on the percentages of patients reporting level of
satisfaction on a 5-point Likert scale for the items in the
questionnaire. Results: The overall satisfaction percentage was 80.51%
(SD 32.36). The vast majority of the questions asked were rated as
excellent. Waiting in the waiting room was the item rated poorest with a
mean(SD) 4.05 (1.08). The item rated the highest was the safeguarding of
patients records and confidentiality with a mean (SD) 0f 4.65(0.70).
Conclusions: The first patient satisfaction survey since the
introduction of the new NHS in one of the largest Primary care centres
seems to demonstrate very high satisfaction rates comparable with other
developed EU NHSs. A larger study needs to be performed with more GP
practices in order to obtain a national understanding of the patient
satisfaction to supplement quality improvement interventions and foster
patient empowerment.
Food and temperature change photoperiodic responses in two vole species: different roles for hypothalamic genes
Authors: Rosmalen Laura van , Hut Roelof
Published: March 2022

Seasonal timing of reproduction in voles is driven by photoperiod. Here
we hypothesize that a negative energy balance can modify
spring-programmed photoperiodic responses in the hypothalamus,
controlling reproductive organ development. We manipulated energy
balance by the ‘work-for-food’ protocol, in which voles were exposed to
increasing levels of food scarcity at different ambient temperatures
under long photoperiod. We reveal that common (Microtus arvalis)
and tundra voles (Microtus oeconomus), reduce photoperiodic
induced pars tuberalis thyroid-stimulating hormone β-subunit (Tshβ)
expression to inhibit gonadal development when food is scarce. Reduction
in gonadal size is more pronounced in tundra voles, in which the
hypothalamic Kisspeptin (Kiss1) system seems involved in downregulating
gonadal development, especially in males. Low temperature additionally
leads to decreased hypothalamic RF-amide related peptide (Rfrp3) levels,
which may facilitate further suppression of gonadal growth. Shutting off
the photoperiodic-axis when food is scarce in spring may be an adaptive
response to save energy, leading to delayed reproductive organ
development until food resources are sufficient for reproduction,
lactation and offspring survival. Defining the mechanisms through which
metabolic cues modify photoperiodic responses will be important for a
better understanding of how environmental cues impact reproduction.