bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comfort level of caregivers of cancer patients receiving palliative care
Authors: Gayoso Maisa Vitória , Avila Marla Andréia Garcia de , Silva Thays Antunes da , Alencar Rúbia Aguiar
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association between the level of comfort of the caregiver and socio-demographic variables related to caregiving, and the patient’s functional status and symptoms. Method: Cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic intentional sample. The instruments Palliative Performance Scale (score 0 to 100%), Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (symptom scores from zero to ten) and Holistic Comfort Questionnaire (total score ranging from 49 to 294 and mean score from 1 to 6) were used. The relationship between comfort scores and independent variables was calculated by multiple linear regression. Results: Fifty informal caregivers participated in the study - 80% were female, 32% were 60 years old or older, 36% were children of the patient, 58% had paid work and 60% did not have help in the care. The mean overall comfort was 4.52 points. A better functional status of the patients was associated with higher levels of comfort of the caregivers. Older caregivers who received helped in the care activities presented higher comfort scores. Conclusion: The level of comfort of caregivers of cancer patients receiving palliative care was associated with socio-demographic variables and patients’ functional status and symptoms.
Burnout Syndrome and shift work among the nursing staff
Authors: Vidotti Viviane , Ribeiro Renata Perfeito , Galdino Maria José Quina , Martins Julia Trevisan
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the factors associated with Burnout Syndrome among nursing workers according to work shift. Method: cross-sectional study addressing a representative sample of 502 nursing workers from a philanthropic hospital facility. Data were collected using a characterization instrument, the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Service Survey and the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple binary logistic regression. Results: levels of Burnout Syndrome were significantly higher among those working the day shift and associated factors included: high demand; low control; low social support; dissatisfaction with sleep and financial resources; being a nurse; and sedentariness. Professionals working the night shift, having low social support, being dissatisfied with sleep, having children, not having a religion, having worked for a short period in the institution, and being a nursing technician or aid were significantly more likely to experience high levels of the syndrome. Conclusion: psychosocial factors and factors from the work context, mainly low social support, were associated with the syndrome dimensions among nursing workers of both shifts.
Predictive maximal heart rate equations in child and adolescent athletes: a systematic review
Authors: Pedroni Anderson Sartor , Schiavo Aniuska , Macedo Eléia de , Campos Natália E de , Winck Aline Dill , Heinzmann-Filho João Paulo
Published: August 2018

Abstract Introduction: The maximal heart rate (HRmax) is considered the highest value of HR achieved during a physical effort close to exhaustion. Objective: To evaluate the applicability of the predictive HRmax equations during exercise tests in child and adolescent athletes through a systematic review. Methods: It is a systematic review, through Scopus, Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo and PEDro. The included studies compared the measured and estimated HRmax predictive equations during exercise tests in child and adolescent athletes. The following search strategy was used: “Exercise test OR Exercise testing OR Cardiopulmonary exercise test OR Cardiopulmonary exercise testing OR Peak oxygen uptake OR Maximal oxygen consumption OR Exercise capacity OR Heart rate OR Heart rate OR Pulse rate OR Pulse rates OR Heart rate control OR Cardiac chronotropic OR Predictive value test AND Predictive equations”. Results: From a total of 1,664 articles, only 4 were included. All compared the measured HRmax values with those estimated by the “220 - age” equation; 3 used the formula “208 - (0.7 x age)”, and only 1 used the “223 - (1.44 x age)” equation. Although all of them stated that the “220 - age” equation overestimates HRmax, the formula “208 - (0.7 x age”) underestimated (2 articles) and overestimated (1 study) the measured results, while the equation “213 - (1.44 x age) was also not adequate. Conclusion: The use of predictive HRmax equations for child and adolescent athletes does not seem to be recommended. The use of cohort points for these estimates is carefully recommended.
The fabric of resilience among the elderly and the reinvention of the self despite the difficulties faced
Authors: Silveira Daniel Rocha , Giacomin Karla Cristina , Dias Rosângela Correa , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo
Published: August 2018

Abstract Objective :To seek an understanding of how frail elderly persons construct resilience. Method: The “signs, meanings and actions” model was used. The population was randomly selected among elderly persons classified as robust or pre-frail in the FIBRA-study, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Thirteen elderly persons (aged 69 to 86) were interviewed. Results: a) the construction of bonds - a healthy relationship with spouses, sons, daughters, grandchildren and great-grandchildren brings meaning to and sustains life and contributes to its organization; b) the reinvention of oneself - when suffering trauma, elderly people seek paths that can give sense to life, even if difficult memories persist; c) religiosity: catholic, evangelical or spiritualist experiences strengthen; cures, protections and so-called miracles are valued, and the religious community represents a space for belonging. Conclusion: Resilience is constructed through the bonds between the elderly person and those close to them, and in the search for solutions, including through the religious experience.
Pharmacological treatment of chronic non-malignant pain among elderly persons: an integrative review
Authors: Olivência Salomão Antônio , Barbosa Luiza Gabriela Mendes , Cunha Marcela Rodrigues da , Silva Ledismar José da
Published: August 2018

Abstract Objective: The objective of the present study was to perform an integrative review of proposed pharmacological treatments for chronic non-malignant pain in elderly patients. Method: An integrative review was carried out. The search of literature included papers about the treatment of chronic pain among the elderly, published from 2007 to 2017 and available in Portuguese or English. Searches were conducted on the LILACS and MEDLINE electronic databases using the key words “chronic pain”, “treatment” and “elderly” combined with the Boolean operator “AND”. To analyse methodological quality, the adapted Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP) was used. Results: Of a total of 303 studies found, 32 were included. The articles selected included 20 reviews, five observational studies, five clinical trials, one case series and one retrospective study. A total of 75% of the articles were published in the last five years, of which one was in Portuguese and 31 in English. Conclusion :The results demonstrate a variety of treatments for chronic pain among the elderly population, highlighting the role of opioids which, according to more recent evidence, can be carefully used in treatment. Several drugs, however, have not been specifically tested for the elderly population. A number of factors are relevant in pain management of elderly patients, including comorbidities, polypharmacy and patient functionality. An individualized approach should be applied to elderly patients to improve outcomes and reduce side effects.
The double vulnerability of elderly caregivers: multimorbidity and perceived burden and their associations with frailty
Authors: Alves Erika Valeska da Costa , Flesch Letícia Decimo , Cachioni Meire , Neri Anita Liberalesso , Batistoni Samila Sathler Tavares
Published: August 2018

Abstract Objective: To identify if multimorbidity and burden are associated with a greater likelihood of frailty in elderly caregivers of other elderly persons within the family context. Method: 148 elderly caregivers caring for other elderly persons [M=69.7 (±7.0) years old] were recruited using a criterion of convenience in public and private health services in the city of Campinas and surrounding areas. Information was gathered about socio-demographic context, context of care, physical health, care burden using the Zarit Burden Scale, and frailty, measured by subjective evaluation. Four groups of vulnerability were created based on the presence or absence of multimorbidities and high or low burden, in order to verify which group was most strongly associated with frailty. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, measurements of association and multivariate hierarchical logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 55.4%. The Zarit Burden Scale presented a median of 23 out of a total of 88 points. Of the sample, 35.1% were frail, 46.0% intermediate, and 18.9% robust. Elderly caregivers with multimorbidity and high burden had a greater probability of frailty (OR=3.6; CI 1.55-8.36), followed by those with multimorbidity and low burden (OR=2.8; CI 1.13-6.79). Conclusion: The sensation of burden among caregivers was reduced; those with double vulnerability were most prevalent among the four groups and had the greatest association with the occurrence of frailty; multimorbidity was associated with frailty. If combined with perceived burden, however, the odds ratios of the elderly caregivers being frail increased.
Accuracy of waist circumference for predicting other components of metabolic syndrome: evidence from the Bambuí cohort study of the elderly
Authors: Morais Keila Bacelar Duarte de , César Cibele Comini , Peixoto Sérgio Viana , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda
Published: August 2018

Abstract Objectives: To examine the accuracy of waist circumference to predict two or more metabolic syndrome (MS) components among the elderly and to compare it with the recommendations of the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) for adults. Method: The study was conducted among participants of the baseline of the Bambuí (Minas Gerais) Cohort Study. The best waist circumference cut-off point for the outcome was determined by the Younden Index. The accuracy of such cut-off points was assessed by the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) and the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values. Results: The prevalence of MS was 63.8% among women and 43.4% among men. Of these, the waist circumference cut-off that best predicted two or more components of MS (≥88 cm) was similar to that recommended by JIS (≥90 cm) (AUROC=0.673 and 0.672, respectively). Among women, the corresponding value was higher (≥92 cm) than recommended by the JIS (≥80 cm) (AUROC=0.605 and 0.560, respectively). Conclusion: The overall accuracy of waist circumference (AUROC) for the outcome was low for both genders, indicating that this measure is not an effective predictor of other components of MS in the study population.
Nos caminhos da história urbana, a presença das figueiras-bravas
Authors: D’ELBOUX ROSELI MARIA MARTINS
Published: August 2018

RESUMO Este texto trata das chamadas figueiras-bravas, espécies nativas em florestas tropicais e subtropicais que, plantadas ou nascendo espontaneamente em certos locais, propiciaram, sob suas imensas copas, espaços de sociabilidade em muitos núcleos urbanos oitocentistas. As figueiras-bravas foram também importantes marcos paisagísticos, influindo muitas vezes na configuração de espaços urbanos de várias cidades brasileiras. Neste artigo, três casos relativos ao estado de São Paulo são apresentados: o caso de Lorena, no Vale do Paraíba, onde ao menos quatro logradouros importantes foram formados a partir da existência de figueiras-bravas e outros dois casos relativos à capital paulista, a saber, a figueira-brava da chácara da Marquesa de Santos, na várzea do Carmo, atual Parque D. Pedro II, e a figueira conhecida como Árvore das Lágrimas, ainda existente no Ipiranga.
Um álbum ilustrado para Minas Gerais no alvorecer da República
Authors: ARRUDA ROGÉRIO PEREIRA DE
Published: August 2018

RESUMO No início do século XX, dois fotógrafos atuantes no estado de Minas Gerais, Francisco Soucasaux e Raymundo Alves Pinto, divulgaram a mesma ideia: publicar um álbum ilustrado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Francisco Soucasaux faleceu antes de concluir seu projeto, que foi finalizado por seu irmão, Augusto Soucasaux. Raymundo Alves Pinto não chegou a publicar seu álbum, ainda que tenha produzido extensa obra para esse fim. No entanto, a disputa entre os projetos se mostrou mais rica do que o próprio resultado final. Este artigo analisa o debate em torno das duas proposições. Para tanto, apresentam-se algumas características da visualidade do Álbum de Minas, de autoria dos irmãos Soucasaux, bem como das fotografias produzidas por Raymundo Alves Pinto, ressaltando aspectos relevantes da disputa entre os projetos propostos. Os fotógrafos competiram em torno da edição de um Álbum de Minas, concorreram por espaço e influência na administração pública, mas, acima de tudo, disputaram por um lugar simbólico no processo de modernização do Estado nos anos iniciais do regime republicano.
Depressive symptoms and drug use among nursing staff professionals
Authors: Junqueira Marcelle Aparecida de Barros , Santos Manoel Antônio dos , Araújo Lúcio Borges de , Ferreira Maria Cristina de Moura , Giuliani Carla Denari , Pillon Sandra Cristina
Published: August 2018

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate possible relationships between drug abuse, symptoms suggestive of depression and gender in nursing team professionals. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted in a general hospital with 416 participants. Used questionnaire with sociodemographic information, ASSIST, AUDIT-C and PHQ-2 tests. Used Fisher's Exact Tests, Chi-Square Test, and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis. Results: The female gender presented decreased odds ratios for alcohol consumption in the binge pattern and use of marijuana; and double odds ratios for feelings of lack of interest and pleasure. Symptoms suggestive of depression presented potential risks for the use of sedatives. Conclusion: Drug abuse and symptoms of depression are associated and manifest differently, according to gender among nursing staff professionals. Implications for practice: Social and gender roles influence the mental health conditions of these professionals.
Innovation in Australian publicly operated public–private partnerships
Authors: Saeed Ali Mohammed , Duffield Colin , Hui Felix
Published: August 2018

It is challenging to identify or evaluate innovation in public–private partnership (PPP) projects. This paper offers insights on how PPP process encourages the private and public sectors to be innovative and defines innovation from a PPP perspective through literature review and interviews with key stakeholders from an Australian social PPP, the Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre (VCCC). Thematic content analysis of interview data revealed factors influencing the public and private sector’s ability to provide innovation. Factors identified for private sector include quality of project briefing documents, experience of project teams, allocation of risk, contract flexibility and physical site constraints. Factors identified for the public sector are experience, available sites, market competition, procurement policies and protocols, stakeholder interface and end-user engagement. Factors pertaining to both innovation and project performance include project management, asset utilisation and stakeholder management. These factors are examined, and their role in promoting innovation in both economic and social PPP projects is discussed. The chief innovative feature identified in the VCCC project was the iconic design that provided flexibility for future expansion, lower operational cost and efficient integration of publicly and privately operated services. A need to document innovation and its impact on service outcomes is also highlighted.
Use of cement-treated sand to enhance the lateral capacity of pile foundations
Authors: Tariq Khawaja Adeel , Maki Takeshi
Published: August 2018

Cement-treated sand is a material used for increasing the axial and lateral capacity of the ground around piles. Piles are commonly used to carry the axial load; however, in some structures, the lateral capacity of the pile is also important. This study investigates improving the lateral capacity of a single pile using cement-treated sand. Cement-treated sand was cast using high-early-strength cement, sand and limestone powder. Displacement-controlled lateral cyclic-load tests were performed on piles embedded in sand compacted to 70% of its relative density, and on piles embedded in cement-treated sand. The volume of cement-treated sand was varied to determine its effect on the lateral capacity of the pile. The flexural stiffness of the pile also affected its lateral capacity. The lateral capacity of the pile embedded in the cement-treated sand was five times greater than that of the piles surrounded by sand. The area and depth of improved ground around the pile strongly affected the increase in the lateral capacity of the pile. The results have indicated that the use of cement-treated sand can improve the lateral capacity of the pile and volume of the improved ground should be carefully designed, keeping in mind the ground conditions.
Estimación sobre niveles y factores de riesgo psicosocial en adolescentes escolarizados de Ambato, Ecuador
Authors: Moreta Rodrigo , Reyes Carlos , Mayorga Marlon , León-Tamayo Lorena
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: determinar los niveles de riesgo psicosocial en adolescentes escolarizados de la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador.Método: se trabajó con un grupo de 302 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 18 años de cuatro instituciones educativas. La evaluación se realizó a través del Inventario Autodescriptivo del Adolescente (IADA).Re­sultados: los resultados mostraron que los niveles de práctica de com­portamientos y situaciones de riesgo se encuentran por debajo del punto de corte en todos los niveles evaluados. Los hombres presentan mayores diferencias (t(203) = 3,094, p < 0,001) que las mujeres en la dimensión de riesgos a la salud. También se identificó un subgrupo vulnerable del 20% de los participantes en la evaluación del riesgo en el área escolar y otro subgrupo vulnerable del 17% en mujeres en la dimensión familia.Conclusiones: la existencia de antecedentes psico­lógicos familiares e individuales constituyen factores de riesgo que están presentes en más comportamientos y situaciones de riesgo. Se discuten los alcances de estos resultados en futuros planes de preven­ción e intervención con población adolescente ecuatoriana.
Bienestar psicológico, identidad colectiva y discriminación en habitantes de barrios estigmatizados
Authors: García Felipe E. , Castillo Bernarda , García Angelina , Smith-Castro Vanessa
Published: August 2018

Introducción: la discriminación social y la estigmatización de las per­sonas por su pertenencia a un grupo determinado, en el presente caso por su lugar de residencia, es un problema relevante y que afecta el bienestar y la salud mental.Objetivo: establecer la influencia relativa de la identidad colectiva y la percepción de discriminación en el bienes­tar psicológico de habitantes de barrios estigmatizados.Metodología: la muestra estuvo formada por 160 personas adultas (50% mujeres) que habitaban barrios estigmatizados de la provincia de Concepción en Chile. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Mental Health Conti­nuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) de Keyes para la medición del bienestar psicológico, la Escala de Identidad Colectiva de Van Zomeren y la Escala de Experiencias de Discriminación adaptada al contexto lati­noamericano por Smith-Castro.Resultados: los resultados muestran que la discriminación influye negativamente y la identidad colectiva influye positivamente en el bienestar psicológico.Conclusiones: forta­lecer el sentido de pertenencia y el orgullo endogrupal podría posibi­litar entornos y condiciones de vida que propicien la salud mental y formas de vida saludables.
A Revision of the Relationship between Gambling Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Parkinson´s Disease
Authors: Quintero-Garzola Gabriel C.
Published: August 2018

Purpose: For the present review, publications in the field of gambling disorder that deal with its relationships with others, mainly attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) were consulted.Methods: The current revision includes a total of 63 references published between 1987 and 2017. It included human stud­ies and revisions regarding the comorbidity of gambling disorder with ADHD or PD. The search terms included: gambling disorder, gambling disorder comorbidity, gambling disorder and adhd, gambling disor­der and pd, gambling disorder and impulsivity. The present review fo­cused on the link among gambling disorder and ADHD or PD, because there were a large number of publications related to these disorders. For organization purpose the current work was split into two main parts: 1) Revision of previous scientific reviews about gambling dis­order, and 2) Overview and conclusions of experimental work about gambling disorder.Conclusions: The principal conclusions of the cur­rent review are: 1) subjects with a gambling disorder have a higher in­cidence of ADHD(and also of attention deficit disorder [ADD]), 2) the presence of ADHD in subjects that suffer of gambling disorder implies more challenges for the health care system, and 3) PD treatments that increase the agonism of dopamine type of receptor are related to an elevated probability for developing a gambling problem or an impulse control disorder.
Successful surgical treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome in patient with pancreatic necrosis
Authors: Shapovaliyants S. G. , Pankov A. G. , Mikhalev A. I. , Gerasimov T. I.
Published: August 2018

Case report of patient with severe autonomous advanced pancreatic necrosis followed by compartment syndrome is presented. Augmentation of intra-abdominal pressure from 18 to 30 mm Hgwas accompanied by aggravation of respiratory, renal and intestinal insufficiency. Urgent video-assisted fasciotomy was applied with dissection of linea alba while peritoneum was preserved. Postoperative period was characterized by reduced intra-abdominal pressure followed by its normalization after 24 hours. Favorable clinical effect was achieved. Subsequent medication was able to avoid surgery and minimally invasive procedures. Patient was discharged after 28 days.
Ultrasound ablation for metastatic liver cancer and unresectable pancreatic tumors
Authors: Karpov O. E. , Vetshev P. S. , Bruslik S. V. , Sviridova T. I. , Levchuk A. L. , Sarzhevsky V. O. , Bruslik D. S.
Published: August 2018

Material and methods. Ultrasound ablation has been performed in 165 patients with metastatic liver cancer (metastases of colorectal cancer as a rule) and in 17 patients with unresectable pancreatic neoplasms for the period from April 2009 to December 2017. All patients with metastatic liver cancer underwent previous surgery for primary tumor. In 53% of cases unresectable pancreatic tumor was complicated by mechanical jaundice that required biliary drainage and stenting before ablation. Ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT were applied to assess changes of tumor dimensions, its structure compared with initial data, vascularization grade, continued growth or de novo metastases with positive changes within destruction area. Percutaneous biopsy of liver and pancreatic tumors was carried out in 136 patients (75%) to assess morphological changes of tumor in pre- and postoperative period. Results. There were no intra – and postoperative complications. Three types of changes occurring within destruction area were revealed. Positive changes including changes of tumor structure, reduced dimensions and volume were observed in 76 (46%) patients. 38 (23%) patients had either augmentation of dimensions and volume of destruction area or appearance of additional tumor tissue on the periphery of metastasis. De novo liver metastases or other distant ones occurred in 51 (31%) patients with positive changes in destruction area. Oncologists of our center evaluated immediate and long-term outcomes of combined treatment. Reduced tumor dimension on the background of mild or absent pain syndrome were confirmed in 12 (72%) patients after ablation of pancreatic tumor. In 8 out of 12 patients weight gain and absent pain syndrome were observed within 48 months. Conclusion. Ultrasound ablation is effective and safe for local destruction of secondary liver tumors and unresectable pancreatic tumors. This approach is indicated for inoperable cases and as a stage of combined treatment.
Comparative analysis of surgery for acute cholecystitis: before and after national recommendations acceptance
Authors: Timerbulatov V. M. , Timerbulatov Sh. V. , Garipov R. M. , Sargsyan A. M.
Published: August 2018

Aim. To determine the ways to reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality in acute cholecystitis. Material and metods. Retrospective (2013–2014 years) and prospective non-randomized (2015–2016) analysis of outcomes in 804 patients with acute cholecystitis was performed. Analysis was carried out within two periods – before and after acceptance of national clinical recommendations “Acute cholecystitis” (2015). Protocols of diagnosis and treatment developed by our clinic were applied in the first period (2013–2014). 220 patients (group I) underwent surgery in the first period, 290 (group II) – in the second period. Results. There was significantly reduced incidence of conversions for laparoscopic and minimally invasive cholecystectomy from 4.09% to 2.41% (p < 0.05) (OR – 1.724; 95% CI 0.632–4.705). Incidence of extrahepatic bile ducts lesion, postoperative thrombotic, thromboembolic complications, cardiovascular complications (including myocardial infarction) were similar in both groups (p > 0.05) (for cardiovascular complications OR – 0.758, 95% CI 0.047–12.183). There was reduced length of hospital-stay from 11.5 ± 0.8 to 9 ± 0.5 days (p < 0.05). Slight augmentation of postoperative mortality in the second period (from 0.45% to 1.37%) was observed (p < 0.05) (OR – 3.063, 95% CI 0.340–27.599). Conclusion. Reduced number of conversions was predominantly caused by cholecystectomy in patients with milder gallbladder inflammation. It is explained by earlier surgery (within 24–48 h) when severe infiltration of surrounding tissues is absent. Preoperative prolonged medication (3–5 days) aggravates these processes, creates significant intraoperative technical difficulties and increases incidence of conversions.
Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest: A Note on Transitory Shocks
Authors: Lewis Kurt F. , Vazquez-Grande Francisco
Published: August 2018

We present evidence that the natural rate of interest is buffeted by both permanent and transitory shocks. We establish this result by estimating a benchmark model with Bayesian methods and loose priors on the unobserved drivers of the natural rate. When subject to transitory shocks, the median estimate for the U.S. economy is more procyclical, displays a less marked secular decline, and is therefore higher following the Great Recession than most estimates in the literature.
Forward-looking and Incentive-compatible Operational Risk Capital Framework
Authors: Migueis Marco
Published: August 2018

This paper proposes an alternative framework to set banks’ operational risk capital, which allows for forward-looking assessments and limits gaming opportunities by relying on an incentive-compatible mechanism. This approach would improve upon the vulnerability to gaming of the AMA and the lack of risk-sensitivity of BCBS’s new standardized approach for operational risk.
The Near-Term Forward Yield Spread as a Leading Indicator: A Less Distorted Mirror
Authors: Sharpe Steve , Engstrom Eric
Published: August 2018

The spread between the yield on a 10-year Treasury bond and the yield on a shorter maturity bond, such as a 2-year Treasury, is commonly used as an indicator for predicting U.S. recessions. We show that such “long-term spreads” are statistically dominated in recession prediction models by an economically more intuitive alternative, a ""near-term forward spread."" This latter spread can be interpreted as a measure of the market's expectations for the near-term trajectory of conventional monetary policy rates. The predictive power of our near-term forward spread indicates that, when market participants expected—and priced in—a monetary policy easing over the next 12-18 months, this indicated that a recession was quite likely in the offing. Yields on bonds beyond 18 months in maturity are shown to have no added value for forecasting either recessions or the growth rate of GDP.
Avaliação do desenvolvimento das competências gerais em graduandos de cursos de nutrição
Authors: Ravazzani Edilceia Domingues do Amaral , De Matia Graciele , Coelho Izabel Meister , Esteves Roberto Zonato
Published: August 2018

As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais direcionam a educação para mudanças no processo ensino-aprendizagem, buscam a valorização da formação quando estabelecem em sua estrutura, competências gerais e específicas, enfatizando a importância do acompanhamento pela avaliação sistemática e permanente visando à melhoria na graduação. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento das competências gerais em graduandos de nutrição. Trata-se de um estudo analítico com abordagem quantitativa e método transversal onde se utilizou um questionário, elaborado e validado por Matia e Coelho (2015) composto por 44 questões, aplicado em estudantes e professores de quatro instituições de ensino por meio do Software Google forms. Para análise descritiva dos dados foram utilizadas medidas de tendência central e medidas de variabilidade e os testes Mann Whitney, Tukey e Teste- t  com nível de significância de p < 0,05, realizadas por meio do Software livre R versão 3.1.1. Obteve-se um total de 210 respostas, sendo 110 de estudantes de ambos os sexos e 100 de professores. A média de idade de estudantes foi de 24,66 ± 7,41 anos. A amostra foi composta por predominância de participantes do gênero feminino (87,3%). Na visão dos professores, os estudantes avaliados parecem estar desenvolvendo mais competências e habilidades de Gestão em saúde e Educação em saúde e na visão dos estudantes houve pequeno destaque apenas na Educação em saúde. Conclui-se que os estudantes dos cursos de nutrição envolvidos na pesquisa não estão desenvolvendo as competências profissionais gerais necessárias a formação, apontadas nas diretrizes, em sua totalidade
Anemias in elderly and old
Authors: Bogdanov A N , Shcherbak S G , Pavlovic D
Published: August 2018

Recent information about frequency, etiology and pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment different anemias in elderly and old patients are revelealed in this review. (For citation: Bogdanov AN, Shcherbak SG, Pavlovic D. Anemias in elderly and old. Herald of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. 2018;10(2):19-26. doi: 10.17816/mechnikov201810219-26).
Association of polimorphism rs1801282 with different components of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Eremenko T V , Kotova S M , Matezius I Yu , Khetagurova F K , Radugin F M
Published: August 2018

Objective. To study the association of polymorphism rs1801282 of the PPARγ gene with different components of metabolic syndrome (MS). Materials and methods. 145 subjects with newly diagnosed MS were examined. All subjects underwent a clinical examination, including general clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods; presence of polymorphism rs1801282 of the PPARγ gene was also determined. Results. In the group of subjects with rs1801282 polymorphism, hyperglycemia was observed less frequently compared with the rest of subjects the incidence was 53.8% and 79.8% cases respectively (p = 0.005). A decrease in the risk of arterial hypertension was also observed in subjects with polymorphic allele: an increase in blood pressure was noted in 70.6% of rs1801282 group and 96.2% for wild type PPARγ (p < 0.001) When analyzing levels of triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins, an increase in these parameters was noted in the group of subjects with rs1801282 polymorphism. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the association of rs1801282 polymorphism in subjects with metabolic syndrome with a number of clinical features of the disease, dyslipidemia and a reduction of the risk of hyperglycemia and hypertension. (For citation: Eremenko TV, Kotova SM, Matezius IYu, et al. Association of polimorphism rs1801282 with different components of the metabolic syndrome. Herald of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. 2018;10(2):39-43. doi: 10.17816/mechnikov201810239-43).
Differential diagnosis of patients with cubital tunnel syndrome and concurrent diseases
Authors: Orlov A Yu , Jigania R , Nasarov A S , Bersnev V P , Butovskaya D A
Published: August 2018

The main groups of peripheral nerve disorders - cubital tunnel neuropathy, peripheral nerve sheath tumors and cervical degenerative disc disease are reviewed in this article. The main clinical courses of these disorders are presented in this article. We met some problems during the treatment of these disorders. The differential diagnosis of these disorders is associated with some difficulties. Basing on these problems, we attempt to describe advances and limitations of diagnostic methods used for differential diagnostic of abovementioned disorders in this article. (For citation: Orlov AYu, Jigania R, Nasarov AS, et al. Differential diagnosis of patients with cubital tunnel syndrome and concurrent diseases. Herald of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. 2018;10(2):5-11. doi: 10.17816/mechnikov20181025-11).
Portrait of the patient with intermediate ejection fraction of the left ventricle on the background of acute decompencation of heart failure
Authors: Skorodumova E G , Kostenko V A , Skorodumova E A , Siverina A V , Rysev A V , Povzun A S
Published: August 2018

Background. Medico-statistical portrait of patient are a fairly new concept. Materials and methods. 71 patients with intermediate ejection fraction of left ventricle (ILVEF) under acute decompensation of chronic heart failure were examined, 51 of them were male (71.8%) and 20 female (28.2%). Main cause of cronic heart failure was ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension. The Charlson comorbidity index and Stevenson’s hemodynamic profile of patients. The average age of the individuals is 65.6 ± 12.1 years. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using the method of multifactor analysis using SPSS 23 and the Microsoft Office Excel 10.0 package. Results. Main features of portrait of a patient with ILVEF with acute decompensation of heart failure, which has an high risk of death, is a male aged 64 to 71 years, with a Charlson’s comorbidity index equal to 5 points and higher, as well as a hemodynamic profile of B or C. Portrait of a patient with ILVEF who has a low risk of death - a male / female aged 55 to 64 with a Charlson’s index from 1 to 4 points, as well as hemodynamic profile A and L. The conclusion. This article describes a creation of mathematical model for patients with ILVEF and acute decompensation of chronic heart failure under background of comorbidity and hemodynamics with a check of the obtained models using ROC-analysis. (For citation: Skorodumova EG, Kostenko VA, Skorodumova EA, et al. Portrait of the patient with intermediate ejection fraction of the left ventricle on the background of acute decompencation of heart failure. Herald of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. 2018;10(2):87-91. doi: 10.17816/mechnikov201810287-91).
Intraoperative neuromonitoring as an element of neurophysiological support system high-tech neurosurgical care
Authors: Alexandrov M V , Ulitin A Yu , Chernyi V S , Toporkova O A
Published: August 2018

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is comprised of a complex of electrophysiological methods allowing continuous monitoring of the functional state of the nervous system in order to minimize its damage. IONM is a part of an integrated system of high-tech medical care in neurosurgery. Experience gathered at Polenov Russian. Neurosurgery Research Institute infers that the ultimate solution for effective intraoperative monitoring is to develop a specialized structure within the department of functional diagnostics. (For citation: Alexandrov MV, Ulitin AYu, Chernyi VS, Toporkova OA. Intraoperative neuromonitoring as an element of neurophysiological support system high-tech neurosurgical care. Herald of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. 2018;10(2):92-98. doi: 10.17816/mechnikov201810292-98).
Pemetaan Riset Teknologi 5G
Authors: Admaja Awangga Febian Surya
Published: August 2018

This study aims to provide an overview of how the 5G technology study evolved from the range of 2013 to 2017. The publication mapping is expected to illustrate the next step in determining the contribution of 5G technology. The mapping is done by taking online databases from a source, in this study using a Scopus database. The obtained databases are sorted based on predetermined keywords then the results are visualized in accordance with the relationship of each data. The results are elaborated qualitatively by looking at the level of contributions, the number of citation collaborations of authors, and so on. Based on the keywords processing, Massive MIMO is the most widely chosen topic in doing research, although according to the telecommunication industry perspective in Indonesia, it is challenging to adopt due to various limitations. *****Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran bagaimana kajian teknologi 5G berkembang dari rentang tahun 2013 sampai dengan tahun 2017. Pemetaan tersebut diharapkan dapat memberi gambaran langkah ke depan dalam menentukan kontribusi di teknologi 5G. Pemetaan dilakukan dengan cara mengambil basis data online dari salah satu sumber, dalam kajian ini menggunakan basis data Scopus. Data tersebut di-query berdasarkan kebutuhan antar data dan hubungan dari masing-masing data tersebut divisualisasikan. Hasil tersebut dijabarkan secara kualitatif dengan melihat tingkat kontribusi, jumlah sitasi kolaborasi penulis, dan sebagainya. Berdasarkan pengolahan kata kunci, Massive MIMO merupakan topik yang paling banyak dipilih dalam melakukan riset, meskipun dari sudut pandang industri telekomunikasi di Indonesia hal ini sangat susah diadopsi karena berbagai keterbatasan.
Psikiyatrik Belirtiler ve Beyin Tümörü: Bir Olgu Sunumu ve Kısa bir Gözden Geçirme
Authors: HOCAOGLU Cicek , OKUMUŞ Burak
Published: August 2018

Beyin tümörleri
depresyon, anksiyete bozuklukları, panik ataklar, kişilik değişikliği, abuli,
işitsel ve görsel halüsinasyonlar, mani veya hafıza güçlükleri gibi birçok
psikiyatrik belirti ile  ortaya
çıkabilir. Beyin tümörleri nörolojik olarak sessiz olabilir ve sadece
psikiyatrik belirtilerle birlikte olabilirler. Bu nedenle, psikiyatrik ilaçlara
dirençli ve nörolojik belirtileri olmayan bir hastada beyin görüntüleme
çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmelidir. Bu çalışmada psikiyatri
kliniğimize çok konuşma, uykusuzluk, saldırgan davranışları olan ve yapılan
beyin nörogörüntüleme sonrası sağ ponsa bası yapan kitle tespit edilen kadın
hastanın literatür bulguları ışığında tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.
The common bird composition, abundance and distribution in the most developed and industrialized provinces of Turkey
Authors: PER Esra
Published: August 2018

Turkey is an industrializing and developing country. Overall, 71% of industrial activities of Turkey occur in twelve provinces. The main aim of this study was to determine the composition, abundance and distribution of common species in these provinces. The data sources used here are observation that recorded between 1946 and 2017 achieved from KuşBank database, personal observation notes and published literature. According to the findings, the most common ten bird species in those provinces; The house sparrow (Passer domesticus), the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica), the hooded crow (Corvus cornix), the great tit (Parus major), the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), the common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), the blackbird (Turdus merula), the Eurasian coot (Fulica atra), the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) and the Eurasian jackdaw (Corvus monedula). Regional differences have been detected in the composition, abundance, and distribution of common species. The composition of species in these provinces has changed within years. Especially the distribution area, and dominance of the Eurasian magpie has increased. In the near future, it is expected that there will be new changes in the composition, distribution, and dominance of common species due to the increase of industrialization and urbanization.
Association of diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction: a study in a semi urban centre
Authors: Ramdas Jella , Jella Vasantha
Published: August 2018

Background: Acute myocardial infarction is one of the very common ailments, that quite often ends in mortality. The risk factors for AMI has been identified as smoking, alcoholism, high cholesterol, obesity, left ventricular hypertrophy, high triglyceride levels and diabetes mellitus. This study was done to evaluate diabetes as a risk factor for the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in our area.Methods: Demographic details such as age, sex, height, weight, BMI, blood pressure, details of alcoholism or smoking were taken. Physical examination was conducted for all the patients. Previous clinical and medical history was taken for all the patients. The predictors for calculation of 10 years risk factor for SCORE were age, sex, smoking, cholesterol and triglyceride levels and blood pressure.Results: The mean age of the males was 66.1±2.7 and women was 68.8±4.9. 27.3% of the males and 29.4% of the females were obese while 34.6% of males and 32.4% of females were overweight. The mean random blood sugar among the diabetic patients was around 143.5 mg/dL, and in the non-diabetics it was 84.4mg/dL. Out of the 48 diabetic patients, 32 of them (66.7%) had a previous history of MI while in non-diabetes, 53.7% had a previous MI attack.Conclusions: It is essential for the early detection of diabetes and control of the sugar levels, so as to reduce the risk of cardiovascular ailments, since diabetes is one of the independent risk factors.
Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain
Authors: Ramdas Jella , Jella Vasantha
Published: August 2018

Background: Low back pain is one of the most common health problems among all the population of the world. Men and women are equally reported to be affected by this condition. Of late, there has been rising incidence of LBP among many young adults and children, which is of concern. There have been a few studies regarding LBP but very few in this part of the world. This study was hence conducted to assess the prevalence of lower back pain among the young adults in our area.Methods: Detailed demographic picture was taken from all the patients which included the age, gender, smoking and alcoholic status, socio economic status, travelling, type of work, hours at work. Type and duration of sport, history of previous LBP, the intensity of pain, way it is relieved, duration of pain, i.e. the frequency of pain in a day are also taken into account.Results: The most common age group to be affected among the males was 31-40 years of age, where 38.6% were affected, while amongst the female the most common age group to be affected was 41-50 years with 38.1%. Most of the patients has strenuous physical exercise on daily basis for long period of time (70.9%). 58.3% patients were under stress and anxiety, while 56.3% lifted heavy weights regularly. 44.7% persons were either overweight or obese and had LBP due to the excess weight, while 28.6% had LBP due to sitting for long periods.Conclusions: This study shows that lower back pain is prevalent among all the age groups, especially among the younger adults. Identification of predisposing factors among the individuals which cause LBP can lead to diagnosing the condition at the earliest and preventing chronic pain, thereby improving the quality of life.
Discriminating Clinical and Biological Features in Malaria and Dengue Patients
Authors: Khan Wajihullah , Zakai Haytham A. , Khan Khadija , Kausar Sharba , Aqeel Sana
Published: August 2018

Background: Malaria and dengue are the most widespread infectious diseases of tropical countries with an estimated 219 and 50 million cases globally. The aim of the proposed study was to find out discriminating clinical features of falciparum malaria and dengue.
Method: Falciparum malaria was diagnosed by looking at the ring and gametocyte stages by microscopic examina­tion in Giemsa stained slides. Dengue was diagnosed by ELISA for dengue-specific IgM and IgG. Liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and kidney markers (creatinine and urea) were estimated by standard biochemical techniques.
Result: AST and ALT showed similar rise in both, severe malaria and dengue patients but it was much pronounced in dengue haemorrhagic fever where it attained 3–4 folds increase. Creatinine and urea showed higher levels in den­gue compared to malaria. Thrombocytopenia (76.27%), convulsions (18.64%) and hepatic dysfunction (5.08%) were more prominent in dengue than that in malaria where these parameters were 50.89, 7.14 and 2.67%, respectively. Conversely, cases with anaemia, splenomegaly and jaundice were three times more in falciparum malaria. Acute renal failures and neurological sequelae were noticed in slightly higher number of dengue patients.   
Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia and hepatic dysfunction were more common in dengue, while anaemia, splenomeg­aly, jaundice and convulsions were more frequent in falciparum malaria. Neurological sequelae and cases of acute renal failure were almost equal in both the infections.
Control of American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana) in Municipal Sewage Disposal System, Central Iran
Authors: Zahraei-Ramazani Ali Reza , Saghafipour Abedin , Vatandoost Hassan
Published: August 2018

Background: Cockroaches consists of 4000 species, of which 40 species are serious domestic pests. They have involved the mechanical transmission of various pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and protozoans to humans. This study aimed to determine different control methods of P. americana in sewage system of Esfahan City, central Iran using different insecticides recommended by WHO.
Methods: Totally, 164 manholes with at least more than three cockroaches were selected until 2017 for this study. The species of cockroaches were identified; the adults and nymphs were counted and recorded. Each sewer shaft was assigned to one treatment method in an ascending order of number of cockroaches counted, coding the treatment method with paint on the lower part of the wall near the manhole cover. The manhole shafts were then inspected at 1 and 5 months’ post-treatment. Data analyzed by statistical methods.
Results: Almost all of the products (Excluding boric acid with bait formulation) resulted in appropriate control with­in one month of application. The appropriate products for chemical control of cockroaches were the chlorpyrifos 5% Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC), diazinon 5% (EC), diazinon 0.05% (EC) and cypermethrin 5% Fog. These pesticides achieved an optimal reduction of population providing more than 90% control of cockroaches for five consecutive months.
Conclusion: The emulsifiable concentrates and fog formulations in the control were more successful compared to other methods and this was penetration deep into the hiding places of cockroaches.