bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Results of Studying Ceramics from the Karbinskoye I Settlement of Early Iron Age in Priketye
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Stepanova N.F. , Rybakov D.Yu. ,   OOO Siberian Archaeology
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the results of studying ceramics of the early Iron Age from the Karbinskoye I settlement in Priketye, located in the eastern part of the Narym Ob region. Within the framework of the historical and cultural approach, samples of 47 vessels from this site were studied. It was found that the ceramics were made from qualitatively different clays: ferruginous and non-ferruginous, mostly low-plastic. Six recipes for the preparation of molding materials were revealed. The main tradition in the use of mineral admixtures is the addition of chamotte, and the recipe for clay + chamotte + organic (73 %). The second place is taken by the clay + organic recipe (19 %). An unusual skill is the addition of slag to molding materials. The use of a large number of clay sources, the presence of several recipes indicate different skills in making ceramics and several groups of potters. A comparative analysis of the data obtained with the results of a technical and technological analysis of ceramics from other sites from the Narym and Tomsk Ob regions is carried out. The similarities and differences in the skills of selection of raw materials and the preparation of molding masses were revealed. Common features include the use of non-ferruginous and low-ferruginous clays, which distinguishes these collections from the sites of the Early Iron Age in the adjacent territories. Ceramics from the Narym and Tomsk Ob regions are distinguished by traditions in the use ofmineral impurities: in the Narym Ob region chamotte was added to the molding mass, in the Tomsk Ob region—crushed stone. In both regions, a clay + organics recipe was identified, possibly associated with a special group of population, which is not numerous at all the studied sites.
The Image of a Horse in the Shamanic Attributes of the Khakas (Late 19th to Mid-20th Century)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Burnakov V.A.
Published: January 2022

Horse is a domestic animal of great importance in the economic life and spiritual culture of the Khakas, in particular, in shamanism. In the Khakas ethnography, the question of the meaning of the horse in the ritual practice of the shamans remains little studied. Due to this, the purpose of this article is to characterize the image of a horse in the shamanic attributes of the Khakas. The chronological framework of the work covers the late 19th to mid-20th centuries. The choice of such time limits is determined by the state of the database of sources on the research topic. The main sources are ethnographic and folklore materials. The work is based on the methodological principle of historicism. Historical and ethnographic methods are used: relict and semantic analysis. In the course of the study, it was determined that the horse and its image had one of the main places in the attributes of the Khakas shamans. In particular, the image of this animal was presented in the key cult items, such as a tambourine (tyyr), a rod (orba), and a costume (hamdykh/hamnyg kip). It was found out that, in the traditional beliefs of shamanists, the image of a horse was endowed with a special aura of sacredness. It was associated with the idea of a chula — the soul of a shaman in the guise of a horse. It was revealed that the shaman’s tambourine, covered with the skin of this ungulate, symbolized the mount on which kam traveled during his mysteries. It is shown that the ritual use of the tambourine by the shaman was preceded by a sacred act of its revival and introduction into the ritual sphere. It was determined that it was customary to depict horses and horsemen on tambourines, who personified the shaman’s spirit assistants and had a significant role in his ritual practice. It is highlighted that the horse symbolism was found on shamanic rods in the form of a protoma. During the shamanistic rituals, it was identified with a mystical steed. It was revealed that the shamanic costume also included elements associated with the image of a horse: bells, metal rattles and horse hair, which performed an auxiliary function in the process of shamanic rituals.
Learning the Tatar Language in Omsk Region in the 1990s – 2000s
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Ilyina A.A.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the processes associated with learning the Tatar (literary) language in Omsk Region (in the regional capital and rural areas) in the 1990s - 2000s. The sources are the local media of the Omsk Irtysh region published in the 1990s -2000s, documents of the Tatar ethnic and cultural associations and interviews with their leaders, as well as statistical data. The situation with studying the Tatar language in that period is described separately for the regional capital and districts of Omsk Region. The article provides the data on the number of schools where the Tatar language was taught, number of students who studied it, and process of organizing education and training of teachers.Some current problems of studying the Tatar language in the Omsk Irtysh region are described, including a small number of students who attended the Tatar language elective courses in Omsk, lack of experienced teaching staff, shortage of teachers, and insufficient funding. It had been established that the main form of studying the native language for the Omsk Tatars were elective courses, while in the districts of Omsk Region, the Tatar language was included in the school curriculum as a school subject. The Tatar ethnic and cultural associations played an important role in organization of teaching the native language in the schools of Omsk and Omsk Region. Tatar activists closely monitored the situation, quickly responded to requests from Tatars to teach the Tatar language in schools, kept statistical data, and elaborated the “Program for Tatar Language Preservation for the Period from 1999 to 2003 in Omsk Region.”
Cult Items from the Collections of the Circumpolar Ethnographic Detachment of IAET SB RAS in 2021
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Salnikova I.V.
Published: January 2022

Since the mid-80s of the 20th century, the ethnographic detachment of IAET SB RAS has been conducting research in the areas of compact residence of the Ob Ugrians in the Circumpolar Urals. The purpose of the study is to research changes in the traditional spiritual culture due to the intensity of civilizational processes. This year, the expedition route took place in the Berezovsky District of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Shuryshkarsky District of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, in the locations of traditional settlement of Khanty and Mansi. During the expedition, an extensive collection of cult and ritual objects, beaded jewelry worn on the chest, unique samples of the Mansi embroidery on the fabric made artistically from local vegetable fiber, counting tokens were collected. The article presents a detailed description and systematization of the objects of the collection found during a survey of abandoned houses and places of worship. The author pointed out the presence of products testifying to the tradition of making leadzoomorphic helper spirits and the rite of substitution of spirits, the use of cold weapons in the ritual practice, the custom of creating ittarmafigures as a receptacle for the soul of the deceased people with an anthropomorphic core, wooden for the Mansi and lead for the Khanty, cult attributes confirming the presence of the cult of Heavenly Horseman. The presence of cult attributes—sacrificial mantle and “heroic helmet”—confirm the cult of Heavenly Horseman. The heroic helmet is interesting due to the inclusion of a new plot—the image of a bird and the sun, the presence of an inner pocket with 7 coins of the 1920s in it, which testifies to the presence of a solar cult and worship of ancestors presented as a bird. Numerous sacral examples prove stability of a fishing cult with the indigenous population.
The Concept of “Intangible Cultural Heritage” in the Republic of Altai
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Samushkina E.V.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the process of formation of the concept of “intangible cultural heritage” in the Republic of Altai. Based on the consideration of legislative acts, mass media materials, documents of cultural institutions, the idea of this phenomenon in the public discourse of the region is considered. It is shown that intangible cultural heritage has a constructed character. The corpus of cultural practices depends on the level of the state structure. Thus, the lists prepared by specialists of the federal institution differ from the register formed in the republic. It is determined that the model of inheritance regimes of the states of Far East has become popular in the Republic of Altai, where intangible heritage, preservation and transfer of knowledge and skills, mastery are among the central patrimonial events. Discrepancies in international and republican approaches to intangible heritage are revealed. In Altai, the list of objects is approved by official structures, the criteria for selection are the affiliation of the practice to an ethnic group, its antiquity, authenticity. There is also a ranking of practices, some of which are designated as the most valuable. However, following the ideas presented in international documents, the right of the ethnic group itself to determine the list of intangible cultural heritage is indicated, transformation of some cultural practices under the influence of social factors is allowed. It is concluded that the objects of intangible cultural heritage are the basis for the cultural memory and ethnic identity of modern Altaians. They are designed to preserve the continuity of generations, to preserve social and cultural values and meanings for posterity. Cultural practices that have been approved by the governmental agencies and supported by official programs are significant markers for the community.
Application of Photogrammetry in Archaeological Research in Siberia (Based on the Results of Work in 2018–2021)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Vasileva Yu.A. , Dudko А.А. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

One of the means to preserve and study cultural heritage objects is aerial photography by unmanned aircrafts combined with a complex of photogrammetric techniques. The article provides data on 3D-modeling of the territories of various archaeological heritage objects located in the Ural and Siberian federal districts of the Russian Federation. The main goals of photogrammetry are visualization of the state of areas with such objects, analysis of relief elements of the modern surface, and documentation of archaeological excavations. The article concisely describes the chaine operatoire — operational and production chains of actions during archaeological field work — inspection and excavation and briefly describes the scientific results of photogrammetric work at the surveyed archaeological sites. In addition, the main disadvantages of the photogrammetry technique when using images taken by unmanned aircraft caused by the imperfections of the software and at times the unsatisfactory results of aerial photography are presented. With the help of three-dimensional modeling, we can create a visual 3D image of the territory of an archaeological site. Photogrammetry data were used in practice, both during field work (monitoring the technical condition of archaeological objects, determining the spatial characteristics of relief elements on the site), and in the process of writing various scientific reports (correcting elements of the topographic plan, planning measures to ensure the preservation of archaeological heritage objects; keeping records of a dig site and its sections, stratigraphic and planigraphic profiles, constructions, structures, etc.). The development of 3D-modeling technologies contributes to obtaining more precise information about the objects under study; currently it is one of the most reliable and simple ways to visualize cultural heritage objects.
Cultural and Chronological Assemblages of the Sagayskaya protoka-4 kurgan burial ground (The Askiz District, the Khakassia Republic)
Authors:   Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS, German P.V. , Leontiev S.N. ,   Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS, Ivaschenko S.N. ,   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Kalinskaya A.V. ,   Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS, Egorchenko S.E. ,   Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS, Valkov I.A. ,   Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS, Kovzunova P.V. ,   Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS, Gorlishkin N.E. ,   Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS, Timoshchenko A.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

In 2021, the team of Federal Research Center of the Institute of Coal and Coal Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences undertook rescue excavations on Sagaiskaya protoka-4 kurgan burial ground (the Askiz district, the Republic of Khakassia). The article presents the summarized results of cultural and chronological attribution of the researched burial assemblages of this burial ground. The early period of this necropolis is connected to the Chernovaya stage of the Okunev culture (22nd—20th centuries BC). The fence with diagonal lines of stones (kurgan 1) with six studied tombs in stone boxes is attributed to that period. The grave goods of Okunev burial grounds are objects made of bone, ceramic pots and miniature stone ball. The second stage of the burial ground is connected to the Late Bronze Age (kurgan 2). Lugavskiy assemblage (10th —9th centuries BC) related to the earliest stage of the kurgan construction is presented by the findings from the central ruined burial (bronze knife, ring) and untouched child’s tomb (ceramic pot, a set of small pieces of bronze jewelry). The Bainov assemblage of the burial complex (late 9th — early 8th centuries BC), found in the lateral annex fence contained a flat bottomed ceramic pot with a typical ornaments. The third period in the history of the burial ground is connected to the Bidzha population group of the early Tagar culture (late 8th — 6th centuries BC). At that time, the Bronze Age kurgans’ fences were rebuilt in order to make new tombs, and a separate Bidzha complex (kurgan 3) is erected nearby. All the burials of that period have grave inventory of the same type: jar-like vessels with narrow flutings, “glasses”, bone arrowheads, anklets, unknown purpose objects. The unusual feature of the studied part of Sagayskaya protoka-4 burial complex are numerous pits near all fences, in some cases containing archaeological material (animal bones, small fragments of ceramics, stone objects, sandstone slabs). These are the first objects of such a type found in the Tagar kurgans.
New Archaeological Sites at the Land Plots Assigned for Development in Novosibirsk Region and Kemerovo Region in 2021
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Dudko A.A. , Sizyov A.S. ,   Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS, Plats I.A. ,   Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS, Fedoruk A.S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Vybornov A.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

This article presents the results of surveying the land plots located in the construction and reconstruction zone of the P-254 “Irtysh” highway in Kochenevsky District of Novosibirsk Region, at Yurkovo railway station in Novokuznetsk District, and in the town of Kaltan in Kemerovo Region. Archaeological survey was a part of the state historical and cultural expertise of the land plots. In Novosibirsk Region, studies were carried out in the valley of the Chik River which is an important waterway in the Upper Ob region. The known archaeological sites point to a significant presence of the antiquities of the Irmen culture in the valley of the Chik River in the Late Bronze Age. In the course of research in 2021, it was possible to identify another site of the Irmen culture — Bunkovo 1 which is located on the right terrace above the floodplain of the Chik River near the village of Bunkovo. The boundaries of the site, its area, and stratigraphy were established, and a collection of artifacts sufficient for cultural attribution was obtained. The Bunkovo 1 site was dated to the 12th—9th centuries BC. In Kemerovo Region, the survey was conducted in the area of the known archaeological sites of Sarbala, Sarbala 3, Zelenyi Lug 3 in the valley of the Kaltanchik River on the right bank area of the Kondoma River. The Zelenyi Lug 2, Zelenyi Lug 3 and Sarbala 3 a sites were found on the bedrock terraces of the Kaltanchik River. Based on the stratigraphic position of the cultural layer and initial morphological assessment of the artifacts, the sites were dated to the Final Upper Palaeolithic.
Documentation Techniques for Rock Art Imagery in Mound Constructions, the Case of a Single Mound Skalnaya-5 (Askiz District of Khakassia Republic)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Zotkina L.V. , Sutugin S.V. ,   Altai State University, Postnikov N.V. ,   Altai State University, Bogdanov E.S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Timoshchenko A.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

Stone slabs with petroglyphs forming burial structures are a separate and specific source for rock art studies. The most widespread re-using of sandstone slabs containing images in the constructions of burial structures is known for Tagar and Tes periods in the Minusinsk basin. However, earlier specimens of rock art, for instance dating from the Bronze Age, are also common at the sites of these periods. In order to reliably attribute the images and establish the chronology of the replaceable fragments of the rock plates, detailed documentation is required not only of the petroglyphs but also of the context of their location in the structures. In addition, as early as at the stage of field research, a special attention is required to the objects with few carvings and a large series of stone slabs with images. In such cases, it is necessary to develop a special flexible indexing system, which will make it possible to take into account not only those images that were found immediately after the initial clearing of the burial structure from the ground, but to supplement the existing numberingsсheme with new data in the subsequent process of excavation. The article proposes an approach to documenting stone slabs and steles with images from the structure of a large mound. As an example illustrating the method of documenting and indexing petroglyphs and the context of their localization in the site, the preliminary results of the examination of the kerb from the single mound Skalnaya-5 located in the Askiz district of the Khakassia Republic, by the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Sciences studied in 2021 are provided.
Preliminary Results of Archaeological Excavations at the Yugachi-2 Site in the Askiz River Valley in the Republic of Khakassia in 2021
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Timoshchenko A.A. , Bychkov D.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Markovsky G.I. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Akhmetov V.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Kishkurno M.S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

The antiquities of the Minusinsk Basin have been attracting the attention of researchers for several centuries. During this time, a significant amount of information has been accumulated about the funeral practices of the population. But due to the small number of identified settlement and short-term camp sites in this territory, the economic aspects of the life of ancient communities remain much less studied. The increase in the number of established settlements is associated with the development of the practice of conducting state historical and cultural expertise within the rescue archaeology program. As a result of these activities, the Yugachi-2 site was discovered. Large-scale archaeological excavations made it possible to trace the variability of the stratigraphic situation at the site, identify the relevant reasons and thereby explain the variability of the stratigraphic position of the archaeological found materials. The cultural layer in the studied area of the site represented a variety of object complexes: a large medieval complex and solitary objects and areas of concentration of finds related to the early Iron Age and the Bronze Age. It is explainable by various economic systems practiced by the site populations during various historical periods. This is due to the changeable cultural situation in the region: migration processes caused by large-scale military conflicts, climatic fluctuations, and trade relationships between the inhabitants of the taiga and steppe zones. The archaeological excavations at Yugachi-2 provided comprehensive information about the ceramic production, bone carving and other economic activities of its inhabitants. A wide range of parallels to the discovered pottery includes not only the contiguous Gornaya, but extends to the north till the lower Angara River. The derived data provide information on the lifestyle and economy of the population and prove indirectly some historical scenarios of the historical and cultural development of this area described by previous researchers.
Analysis of the 2019 Mw 5.8 Silivri Earthquake Ground Motions: Evidence of Systematic Azimuthal Variations Associated with Directivity Effects
Authors: Türker Elif , Cotton Fabrice , Pilz Marco , Weatherill Graeme
Published: January 2022

The main Marmara fault (MMF) extends for 150 km through the Sea of Marmara and forms the only portion of the North Anatolian fault zone that has not ruptured in a large event (Mw>7) for the last 250 yr. Accordingly, this portion is potentially a major source contributing to the seismic hazard of the Istanbul region. On 26 September 2019, a sequence of moderate-sized events started along the MMF only 20 km south of Istanbul and were widely felt by the population. The largest three events, 26 September Mw 5.8 (10:59 UTC), 26 September 2019 Mw 4.1 (11:26 UTC), and 20 January 2020 Mw 4.7 were recorded by numerous strong-motion seismic stations and the resulting ground motions were compared to the predicted means resulting from a set of the most recent ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs). The estimated residuals were used to investigate the spatial variation of ground motion across the Marmara region. Our results show a strong azimuthal trend in ground-motion residuals, which might indicate systematically repeating directivity effects toward the eastern Marmara region.
Improving the efficiency of a modern office through an intelligent Service Desk user support system
Authors: Bogomolov D.N. , Goryachkin B.S.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of the efficiency of the support service in the structure of a modern office and ways to improve it by connecting intelligent modules. The paper describes the Service Desk system and details the algorithm of its operation. The bottlenecks of the basic algorithm are noted and ways of its improvement are suggested. Attention is drawn to how machine learning methods can improve the efficiency of the system as a whole.
Serum magnesium levels in preterm labour in relation to socio-economic status
Authors: Anand Shifali , Jaggi Rohini , Bala Nerrupham
Published: January 2022

Background: Serum magnesium level in pregnancy is a valuable tool to find out preterm onset of labour. In the asymptomatic group, greater surveillance and administration of steroids, tocolytics and transfer to a higher centre. In this study, low maternal serum magnesium level was associated with preterm labour. The values were also lower in women with low socio-economic status.Methods: The subjects included 100 pregnant women with preterm labour (cases) between 28 and 37-week gestation (group A) and similar number of pregnant women with term labour (controls) between 37 and 40 weeks (group B). Inclusion criteria for cases was singleton pregnancy, painful uterine contractions more than two in 30 minutes, intact fetal membranes, cervical dilatation (at least 1 cm) and effacement (80%). Serum magnesium levels were done in both the groups. Patients were followed until delivery. Routine antenatal investigations were done. Serum levels of magnesium were estimated by Erba’s semi auto-analyser.Results: 62% patients in group A were from rural areas. More patients in group A (70%) were from low socioeconomic class. More women in group A were anaemic (44%). Mean value of hemoglobin in group A was 9.93 g/dl. More patients in group A had muscle cramps (89%). VLBW (<1500 g) neonates were more in group A (21%). Also, LBW (1500-2499 g) neonates were more in group A (60%). Mean neonatal birth weight in group A (1907.3 g) was less. Neonatal morbidity and mortality were observed significantly more in group A. Mean serum magnesium was less in group A.Conclusions: Low maternal serum magnesium level is associated with preterm labour. Patients with preterm labour have significantly low serum magnesium level when compared with labour at term. The values were also lower in women with low socioeconomic status.
Differences in long-term sedation agents used for the critically ill patients
Authors: Zein Ahmed Ragab , Albishi Shahad Saad , Alotaibi Turki Nasser , Almanasif Hidayah Dhiyaa , Qashgry Mohammad Ibraheem , Holaibi Saad Abdullah Al , Raggam Lujain Darwish , Albogami Shahad Abdullah , Aljaza Turki Salem , Dhafar Nimah Jameel , AlAswad Haifaa Immad Aldin
Published: January 2022

Sedative agents are commonly prescribed for critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The literature has reported many indications for using sedation for critically ill patients. These include reducing and managing high intracranial pressure, resolution of ventilator dyssynchrony, and decreasing agitation or anxiety. Different medications were reported in the literature as good sedatives for critically ill patients. Although very efficacious (benzodiazepines, propofol, and dexmedetomidine), many adverse events (as bradycardia, respiratory and myocardial depression, and hypotension) were reported as potential complications. The present literature review has discussed the potential differences and patients’ outcomes after sedation with long-term modalities in the ICU. Overall, clinicians must critically consider balancing the harms and benefits of using sedatives for critically ill patients because of the potential complications encountered during these procedures. In addition, different sedatives were reported in the literature with variable efficacies and adverse events. For example, using dexmedetomidine and propofol has been more advantageous than using benzodiazepines, and some studies also favor dexmedetomidine. However, it should be noted that adverse events are still reported with all of these modalities. Therefore, the administration of long-term sedatives should follow a strict protocol to enhance patients’ outcomes.
An overview on congenital dental anomalies
Authors: Amer Ameera Ibrahim , Harbi Sultan Hasan Al , Alshudukhi Sarah Salem , Alanazi Ashwaq Ibrahim , Bakhuraybah Abdullah Salem , Jabir Samirah Hashim , Alrasheedi Waleed Shabeeb , Attar Renad Waheeb , Alsadoon Basel Khalid , Hakami Anwar Hassan , Almalki Majed Abdullah
Published: January 2022

Congenital anomalies pose a huge threat to the affected and susceptible individuals and significantly impair their lives. In addition, congenital dental anomalies are also a serious issue and can be associated with certain complications. It has been shown the development of these disorders might be found as a single disorder or part of another systemic syndrome. The present literature review provides an overview of congenital dental anomalies. Different congenital anomalies can be detected, including tooth rotation, taurodontism, hypodentition, hyperventilation, Dens evaginatus, Dens invaginatus, Talson cusps, supernumerary roots, dilaceration, concrescence, fusion, and gemination. These conditions might complicate underlying dental physiology and make it difficult to conduct various treatment modalities. Furthermore, the epidemiology of these disorders is inconsistent among the different worldwide investigations. For instance, some studies reported that hypo-and hyperdentition are the most commonly reported anomalies, while others showed that tooth rotation might be the most common anomaly. Further evidence is still needed before making solid conclusions regarding the epidemiology of these disorders.
Clinical and radiological features of incarcerated hernia
Authors: Ahmad Doha J. , Alqhtani Ali J. , Alzunidi Mashel A. , Alowayyid Jawaher A. , Almindil Fatima K. , Azeb Khaled A. , Alabbad Naif A. A. , Hassani Mousa A. , Alruwaili Omar M. , Alelyani Salem F. , Alalkami Mohammed Y.
Published: January 2022

Many complications were reported secondary to herniation, including strangulation and incarceration, leading to intestinal obstruction and related clinical manifestations. Treating such cases is largely dependent on appropriately diagnosing and evaluating them to enhance the prognosis and prevent a recurrence. In the present literature review, we have discussed incarcerated hernias' clinical and radiological features. Physical examination is very important in establishing the diagnosis of these events and obtaining a thorough history from the patient. Most patients present with abdominal pain, tenderness, and erythematous changes. Signs of intestinal obstruction might also be reported when this complication develops. Signs include acute abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Radiological findings might show the presence of air to fluid appearance. Clinicians should be aware of these clinical manifestations and perform an adequate physical examination to establish a proper diagnosis and manage these cases. The process of decision-making is important before deciding the most appropriate management approach. Therefore, it is important to assess patients before moving to the next steps.
Most common concurrent infections with COVID-19
Authors: Zein Ahmed R. , Almuqati Emad A. , Taher Hebah H. , Jahlan Sarah S. , Khamis Fatemah H. A. , Almansour Abdulwahab A. , Alhazmi Shoroq F. , Alshehri Maha M. , Obaidat Mohamed I. , Alshehri Muath A. , Alhoori Zahra H.
Published: January 2022

Concurrent infections are a common complication of viral respiratory infections. They pose diagnostic challenges due to an overlap of similar symptoms, resistance to treatment and extending length of hospital stay. In this review we will extensively discuss the most common concurrent infections in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A thorough literature search was conducted in online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, prospective and retrospective cohort studies in this review. Bacterial co-infections are the most common concurrent infections in patients with COVID-19 succeeded by viral and fungal co-infections. The prevalence of co-infections in COVID-19 patients is higher in intensive care units (ICU). Gram negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, whereas gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus are common pathogens for bacterial co-infections. The findings for the most common viral co-infection are inconsistent however, larger number of studies report respiratory viral co-infections such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Fungal co-infections in COVID-19 patients are most commonly caused by the Candida spp. and occur predominantly in patients admitted in the ICU and are associated with high mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 patients. Continuous research on concurrent infections occurring in COVID-19 is essential. Larger prospective studies based on stratified groups of age, gender, and both ICU and non-ICU settings should be conducted. Studies on microbial susceptibility can lend more weight to empirical antibiotic and antifungal therapy. Early diagnosis of concurrent infections in COVID-19 is imperative to prevent poor patient outcomes.
Legal politics as a catalyst in forming sharia economic legal system in the Indonesia’s new order and reform era
Authors: Fariana Andi
Published: January 2022

The formation of the National Legal System is governed by legal raw materials prevailing in society (living law), including the Customary, Islamic, and Western Laws. As part of the living law, Islamic Law affects the National Legal System, especially in sharia economic law, in line with sharia economic growth in various sectors. In forming a sharia economic legal system, legal politics is significant as a catalyst that reflects the ongoing leadership pattern. This normative legal research aimed at explaining the important role of legal politics as a catalyst in forming the Sharia Economic Legal System in Indonesia, by using statute and historical approaches. The study found that various legal products at the end of the new order and the reform era indicated the existence of democratic legal politics and supported the formation of the sharia economic legal system. However, contradictions and obstacles existed, and more sharia economic law products were still needed. Therefore, a positive legal political atmosphere must be maintained by the participation of the community and religious leaders, as legal politics is strongly influenced by powers or concerns, and there will be always rejection and acceptance in the development of the sharia economic legal system due to various interests.
Children's right to get exclusive breastfeeding in the Islamic law perspective
Authors: Mardiantari Ani , Dwilestari Ita
Published: January 2022

According to Islam, exclusive breastfeeding means fulfilling the children's right to a healthy life, and it is a mothers' obligation. The government issued regulations that guarantee the children's right to exclusive breastfeeding, namely Article 52 paragraph (2) of Law Number 39/1999 concerning Human Rights, Law Number 23/2002 concerning Child Protection, and Government Regulation Number 33/2012 concerning Exclusive Breastfeeding. However, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is still relatively low, influenced by various factors. This qualitative study explored the various factors in exclusive breastfeeding and analyzed them from an Islamic Law perspective. Meanwhile, the informants were mothers with 0-6 months-old babies having exclusive breastfeeding rights. Data were collected through interviews and triangulation, including Integrated healthcare center (Posyandu) cadres and families. The results found in this study were that children's rights in obtaining exclusive breastfeeding from their mothers were not fulfilled. Various reasons were expressed to support their way by not fulfilling the rights, including the mothers' busyness causing them unable to breastfeed their children exclusively. It happens because the mothers lack knowledge about children's rights to get exclusive breastfeeding in Islamic law for two years.
Habib Ahmed's maqāṣid sharī`ah concept on cooperative regulations in Indonesia
Authors: Zulfikar Zulfikar
Published: January 2022

This article discussed Habib Ahmed's maqāṣid sharī`ah concept on Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) contracts, regarding the dualism of cooperative regulations in Indonesia between sharia and non-sharia-based cooperatives. In initiating the NIE (New Institutional Economics) approach for IFIs, Habib Ahmed emphasized the vital role of embeddedness as a culture rooted in the knowledge system. This embeddedness is the starting point of IFIs adaptation. These informal institutions then influence the formation of formal institutions and are followed by institutional forms of organization. Finally, the transaction products are in line with the organizational form. In other words, according to Habib Ahmed, if the adaptation and transaction of the IFIs start from this stage, then the product will be entirely in line with the proper Islamic ontology and epistemology. This qualitative library research focused on the reality of cooperatives in Indonesia, assessed from Habib Ahmed's perspective. This study concluded that Indonesia's economy still does not represent the goal of its constitutional economy with a feeling of kinship and mutualistic organization, such as cooperatives. In addition, its significant economic growth, which places it in the top twenty countries (G-20) in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is not inclusive.
La relación entre Bioética y Salud Pública
Authors: Tacumá Prada Claudia Patricia , Tovar Riveros Blanca Elpidia
Published: January 2022

El proceso de toma de decisiones desde la Salud Pública (SP) se basa en el ser y el deber ser. En Colombia los comités de bioética, ética de la investigación y ética clínica han funcionado con sus propios estatutos para garantizar el derecho a la salud, a pesar de las reformas a la seguridad social. Los antecedentes los llevaron a una fragmentación del sistema de salud caracterizada por la axiología neoliberal (economía de mercado según capacidad de pago) y normativa del Estado Social de Derecho. El sistema pretende resolver esta fragmentación, pero existen problemas estructurales del mercado que solo se solucionarían si funcionaran los mecanismos de regulación y el papel del Estado. Es decir, el sistema es insuficiente para lograr satisfacer las necesidades de la salud debido a las interacciones entre actores sociopolíticos. Este proceso conduce a opciones utilitaristas que sustentan la tendencia en temas de investigación. Los valores en SP junto con la ética de la SP son variables. Para la ética de la SP los valores de la práctica son de importancia pública, relacionados con los objetivos de la SP y los profesionales.
Fundamentos bioéticos que utilizan los comités de ética para la evaluación de investigaciones en seres humanos, en Antioquia
Authors: Jaramillo Arbeláez Patricia Elena , Botero Bernal Beatriz , Arroyo Romero Adriana María , Yepez Pantoja Elcy Daniela , Cossio Ospina Maria Isabel
Published: January 2022

Los comités de ética de investigación (CEI) son grupos de carácter interdisciplinar encargados de la evaluación de proyectos de investigación en los cuales participan seres humanos directa o indirectamente. Los CEI tienen diferentes funciones, procedimientos y fundamentos, tanto nacionales como internacionales, bajo los cuales se rigen para llevar a cabo su función. El objetivo del proyecto es describir los fundamentos bioéticos que tienen en cuenta los CEI al momento de establecer los criterios de evaluación de un proyecto de investigación, para ello, se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada (encuesta) a un integrante o al CEI en pleno. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una diferencia en la aplicación de los fundamentos, que en algunos casos depende de si el CEI está o no certificado. Se encontró que los CEI no usan los mismos fundamentos porque los desconocen, no les aplican o lo hacen parcialmente. Se concluye que todos los CEI aplican la Resolución 008430 de 1993 para la evaluación, sin embargo, son flexibles en su aplicación porque esta no abarca la diversidad y complejidad de las investigaciones actuales, por lo que es urgente su actualización.
Incidencia de la permeabilidad solar forestal en el comportamiento térmico de urbanizaciones adaptadas a áreas piedemontanas.
Authors: Castillo Ana Laura , Correa Erica Norma , Cantón María Alicia
Published: January 2022

Aunque la forestación es un componente esencial para mejorar la calidad ambiental y la habitabilidad térmica urbana, existe poca información cuantitativa del impacto en la selección de especies en combinación con características morfológicas y climáticas del sitio. Este trabajo aborda la incidencia de dos especies de arbolado de alineación en el comportamiento térmico de dos esquemas urbanos adaptados: trama lineal orgánica y trama orgánica con Cul-de-Sac. Las especies -Morera y Paraíso- presentan características semejantes y se diferencian en su permeabilidad solar (14.53% y 19.79%). Mediante el software ENVI-met, se simularon los distintos casos ajustando el modelo teórico a un caso real monitoreado. Los resultados demuestran diferencias en las temperaturas máximas mayores a 4°C entre las especies estudiadas en trama lineal orgánica y diferencias poco significativas en la trama orgánica Cul-de-Sac. Esta investigación colaborará en la selección y diseño de alternativas para un desarrollo urbano sustentable del piedemonte de Mendoza, Argentina.
Ciudad Modelo AUDI, ¿un megaproyecto fallido?
Authors: Espinosa Flores Adriana Soledad , Flores Lucero María de Lourdes , Medina Susana
Published: January 2022

Ciudad Modelo es un proyecto que el gobierno del estado de Puebla construyó con la finalidad de fortalecer el desarrollo industrial de la nueva planta de autopartes AUDI en México. Hoy se habla de que es un proyecto fallido al estar habitado solo en un 15% de su capacidad total. Pero para conocer si en realidad este proyecto es un quebranto, hemos hecho una evaluación mediante una adaptación de la metodología propuesta por Saltalamacchia y Ziccardi, quienes evalúan el desempeño del gobierno local. Para este caso de estudio la intención de valorar el ejercicio del organismo se basa en los resultados urbanísticos del proyecto Ciudad Modelo, a través de entrevistas, análisis de imágenes satelitales, normativa urbana, y visitas a campo, con la intención de poder apreciar si el desarrollo urbanístico de la ciudad se encuentra en un proceso de consolidación, o en verdad es el anuncio de un proyecto en decadencia.
Revitalización de barrios patrimoniales en áreas metropolitanas: propuestas de monitoreo y gestión integrada
Authors: ARRIAGADA LUCO CAMILO , JERI TAMARA
Published: January 2022

En Chile, la revitalización y puesta en valor de patrimonio urbano enfrenta desafíos de gobernanza urgentes y hace necesario el desarrollo de criterios de intervención adecuados. Para una conveniente gestión, se requiere coordinación entre procesos de protección, revitalización y desarrollo urbano, con metodologías de monitoreo que retroalimenten la toma de decisiones y fundamenten planes y proyectos patrimoniales apropiados a diferentes tipos de barrios patrimoniales. En este marco, proponemos un Índice de Evolución de Barrios Patrimoniales (IEBP), desarrollado en el marco de la investigación “Impacto de los instrumentos de protección patrimonial sobre la dinámica de barrios metropolitanos” (2019), que permite comparar procesos específicos en diferentes tipos de barrios. Se plantean conclusiones sobre la utilidad del IEBP para diferenciar dinámicas posteriores a la protección y proyectar políticas de revitalización que conjuguen la protección de los bienes culturales y el desarrollo urbano.
Evaluation of clinico-radiological factors affecting morbidity and mortality in peptic ulcer perforation surgery
Authors: YENİ Mustafa , KARTAL Murat , KALAYCI Tolga
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Peptic ulcer perforation (PUP) remains a surgical emergency with high early period morbidity and mortality. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate clinico-radiological factors affecting morbidity and mortality in peptic ulcer perforation surgery.
Methods: Patients who were operated for PUP at Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic, Erzurum, Turkey between 2010 and 2020 were selected retrospectively. The patients’ clinical and radiological parameters were retrieved from their medical records. Patients who developed complications in the 30 days after surgery were considered the morbidity-positive group, and the patients who developed mortality in the 30 days after surgery were considered the mortality-positive group. The relationship between investigated factors and morbidity and mortality was investigated with suitable statistical tests. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The study included 81 patients and, 74 (91.4%) patients were males. Complications were observed in 15 (18.5%) patients and mortality was seen in 3 (3.7%) patients in the first 30 days postoperatively. Preoperative comorbidity, low systolic blood pressure, high Boey score had negative effect on both morbidity and mortality. In addition, lower amylase levels played a protective role in both morbidity (p = 0.011) and mortality (p = 0.018). Mortality increased significantly with increasing age. However, no radiological factor affected either morbidity or mortality.
Conclusions: Both morbidity and mortality increased in cases with poor clinical condition at the time of diagnosis. In addition, the mortality rate was higher in patients with comorbidities and postoperative complications.
Izboljšane tehnologije pridelave in konzerviranja z beljakovinami bogate krme - metuljnice in njihove mešanice za prilagajanje podnebnim spremembam
Authors: Kramberger Branko , Verbič Jože , Žnidaršič Tomaž , Rihter Ludvik , Kristan Boštjan , Podvršnik Miran
Published: January 2022

Pridelava in konzerviranje krme v obdobjih, ko ni pomanjkanja vode za rast rastlin in pridelava proti suši odpornih rastlin sta ključna elementa prilagajanja živinoreje klimatskim spremembam. V Eip- Agri projektu 'Izboljšane tehnologije pridelave in konzerviranja z beljakovinami bogate krme - metuljnice in njihove mešanice za prilagajanje podnebnim spremembam' smo primerjali pridelavo in konzerviranje metuljnic v čisti setvi ter mešanice metuljnic in trav (oboje brez gnojenja z dušikom) s pridelavo z dušikom gnojenih trav v čisti setvi. Rezultati kažejo, da je uporaba metuljnic v čisti setvi in mešanic metuljnic s travami primerna za pridelavo in konzerviranje s proteini bogate krme. Pridelava mešanic z visokim deležem metuljnic je zanesljivejša. Te mešanice dajejo primerljive pridelke z metuljnicami v čisti setvi in silaže visoke kakovosti.