bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of mire vegetation at Åsenmyra, Engerdal, Central Southern Norway and comparison with traditional Fennoscandian paludicology
Authors: Galten Leif
Published: March 2008

The investigation area has been examined by means of a regularly‐spaced sampling technique. With the sample plots as attributes, association analysis (ASSI/AN) and inverse information analysis (INFO) have been employed to estimate associations between pairs of species (ASSI/AN) and to establish species groups (INFO). The 50 most frequently occurring species in the sample set were selected for these purposes. Based on INFO and ASSI/AN results and ecological measurements' indication, fourteen species groups have been established and discussed.

Divisive information analysis (DIVINF) has been employed in the classification of sample plots. The 75 most frequently occurring species were selected as attributes. Twenty DIVINF groups were established. Similarity coefficients were calculated between all these groups in order to reexamine their internal relationships. Based on these coefficients and based on the species groups and the ecological measurements' indication, DIVINF groups have been linked to establish vegetation blocks, which are regarded as the basic vegetation units in the present study. Traditional Fennoscandian phytosociological notions are used in the discussion of the four blocks and in comparisons of the blocks with other mire vegetation communities described.
P‐protein and inclusion bodies in root protophloem of Salix viminalis
Authors: Fjell Ingemar
Published: March 2008

The formation of P‐protein in the protophloem of 9‐ to 14‐day‐old adventitious roots of Salix viminalis was studied. In immature sieve elements a finely granular material was present. This was considered to be nascent P‐protein. Small aggregations of tubular P‐protein were observed 17 cells from the first “cleared” sieve element. In older cells the bodies were up to 7 μm long. Nondispersed and disaggregating P‐protein bodies were present in mature sieve elements. P‐protein bodies were also observed in parenchyma cells adjoining mature sieve elements. In addition, inclusion bodies of unknown origin are described. They had a granular content and were most often found in mature sieve elements.
Taxonomic revision of the Pinus mugo complex and P. rhaetica (P. mugo sylvestris) (Pinaceae)
Authors: Christensen Knud lb
Published: March 2008

The Pinus mugo complex is revised, and a new infraspecific classification of the species is proposed. The species is divided into two subspecies and an intermediate nothossp., viz. ssp. mugo, ssp. uncinata and nothossp. rotundata. P. mugo ssp. mugo is divided into f. mugo and f. applanata comb, et stat. nov. (P. pumilio) and P. mugo nothossp. rotundata into f. rotundata and f, mughioides comb. nov. The putative hybrid P. mugo × sylvestris found in mixed stands of the parents is named P. × rhaetica. A description of P. sylvestris and a key to P. mugo, P. sylvestris and P. × rhaetica is given.
Sand dune vegetation on Karmøy, SW Norway
Authors: Lundberg Anders
Published: March 2008

Seven associations and two communities of unspecific syntaxonomic rank are described. Rannunculo‐Catabrosetum is given formal description for the first time, while new definitions and delimitations of Atriplici‐Cakiletum and Gentiano‐Pimpinelletum are suggested. Communities in driftwalls, embryo and yellow dunes are considered natural vegetation, while communities found in fixed dunes and dune meadows are modified by man. Climax vegetation is actually present as rudimentary marginal and scrub communities. Original climax vegetation has been cleared for pastures. These changes have opened new niches in dune ecosystems now occupied by grasses and marginal species. Human activity has also changed the edaphic conditions. Higher content of humus in the sandy soil has given higher base saturation and better exchange capacity than in pure marine sand. This counteracts leaching, and due to absence of heather and other species producing “acidic” litter, accumulation of calcium and other nutrients are dominant trends in soil development.
The mature embryo sac of the sugar beet, Beta vulgaris: A structural investigation
Authors: Bruun Lone
Published: March 2008

The mature embryo sac of Beta vulgaris consists of one egg cell, one persistent and one degenerated synergid, one cental cell with two fused polar nuclei, and five to six antipodals. The degeneration of one of the synergids appears before pollination in the maturing process. The two fused polar nuclei are located in the chalazal part of the central cell. The antipodals may have secretory activities. It is suggested that the embryo sac of the sugar beet completes the maturing process independently of pollination.
A revision of the genus Drimia (Hyacinthaceae) in East Africa
Authors: Stedje B.
Published: March 2008

The generic delimitation of Drimia and Urginea is discussed with special reference to flower and seed morphology (LM & SEM). The data support the joining of the two into one genus, Drimia. The following taxa are represented in East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda): Drimia altissima, D. brachystachys comb, nov., D. calcarata comb, nov., D. congesta, D. elata, D. indica, D. macrocarpa sp. nov., and D. porphyrantha comb. nov.
A new species of Samolus (Primulaceae) from Western Australia
Authors: Keighery G. J.
Published: March 2008

A new species of Samolus, S. caespitosus is described from Salt Lakes in southern Western Australia.
Notes on Ecuadorean Vallea (Elaeocarpaceae) with the description of a new species
Authors: Azanza Jaime Jaramillo
Published: March 2008

Jaramillo Azanza, J. 1988. Notes of Ecuadorean Vallea (Elaeocarpaceae) with the description of a new species. ‐Nord. J. Bot. 8: 19–23. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The genus Vallea has for the last fifty years been considered as monotypic with Vallea stipularis as its only species. Studies of the genus in Ecuador revealed that two species occur there, one of which is here described as new and given the name Vallea ecuadorensis.
The ontogeny of pollinia and elastoviscin in the anther of Doritis pulcherrima (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Wolter Martin , Seuffert Carola , Schill Rainer
Published: March 2008

Wolter, M., Seuffert, C. & Schill, R. 1988. The ontogeny of pollinia and elastoviscin in the anther of Doritis pulscherrima (Orchidaceae). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 8: 77–88. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The ontogeny of pollinia of Doritis pulcherrima shows some features not commonly found in other angiosperms. The cell wails of the mature pollinium are almost identical with those of the pollen mother cells, and a callose envelope is lacking during the formation of sporopollenin. This fact may be related to the absence of a clear substructure of the exine and its low resistance to acetolysis. An exine is found only at the outer tetrads of the pollinium. The pollen grains in the tetrads possess irregularly spaced cell walls. The ontogeny of elastoviscin (specialized pollenkitt) begins in the ground cytoplasm of some tapetal cells, where small droplets are surrounded by myelin‐like structures. Before anthesis the droplets fuse, flow into the loculus, and attach the pollinia to the stipe, thus forming a pollinarium. In the region in front of the elastoviscin‐producing cells, some cells with specialized helical wall thickenings develop.
Revision of Thysanostigma (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Hansen B.
Published: March 2008

The genus Thysanostigmn is revised. It is shown to contain two species, one in peninsular Thailand, the other in the Malay peninsula. A new combination, T. odontites is proposed. For each species full references, synonymy, if any, and a detailed description are given. A distribution map is provided. The taxonomic position of the genus is discussed, and the pollen morphology is outlined.
Columnea incredibilis and Cremosperma fdicifolium ‐ two remarkable new Gesneriaceae from western Colombia
Authors: Kvist L. P. , Skog L. E.
Published: March 2008

Two new Gesneriaceae from western Colombia are described. The showy flowers of Columnea incredibilis have extremely long (3.2–3.8 cm) filiform appendages located at the outer side of the corolla lobes. The anisophyllous leaves of Cremosperma filicifolium are incised and resemble fern fronds, a very rare feature in the Gesneriaceae.
Fine structure of Pyramimonas nansenii (Prasinophyceae) from Danish coastal waters
Authors: Thomsen Helge Abildhauge
Published: March 2008

A prasinophycean flagellate blooming underneath the ice of a Danish brackish water fjord has been examined with the light and electron microscope. The dominant species Pyramimonas nansenii is unique in possessing two different types of large square scales as part of the cell periplast. Internal cell characteristics include the presence of trichocysts and a paracrystalline pyrenoid matrix. Pyramimonas nansenii is a typical representative of the subgenus Trichocystis.
Anatomy and histochemistry of colleters in Roupelia grata (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Thomas Vinoth , Dave Yash , Menon A. R. S.
Published: March 2008

The colleters of Roupelia grata are present on the petiole of the leaf, bract, bracteole and calyx. A mature colleter has a distinct head and a stalk. The parenchymatous central core is surrounded by epithelial cells. The senescence of the colleter occurs at its apex first and then proceeds towards the base.
Cytogenetic studies of the hybrid between Psathyrostachys juncea and P. huashanica (Poaceae)
Authors: Lu B. R. , Yen C. , Yang J. L. , Flink J.
Published: March 2008

The interspecific diploid hybrid between Psathyrostachys juncea (2x = 14) and the Chinese endemic species P. huashanica (2x = 14) was obtained and although completely sterile, developed normally. Chromosome pairing observed at MI in the hybrid was high, i.e. 6.57 chiasmata per cell. The average number of bivalents was 4.04 ranging from 2–7. These results indicate a close relationship between the genome of P. huashanica and that of P. juncea.
Studies in the lichen family Collemataceae VI. Collema subundulatum, a new species from New Zealand
Authors: Degelius Gunnar
Published: March 2008

Collema subundulatum from New Zealand is described. It is closely related to C. undulatum, a species widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. It is phytogeographically somewhat similar to C. novozelandicum which is here recorded from Australia, its first known locality outside New Zealand.
Intergeneric hybridization between Taeniatherum and different genera of Triticeae, Poaceae
Authors: Frederiksen S. , von Bothmer R.
Published: March 2008

Intergeneric crosses were carried out between the 3 subspecies of Taeniatherum caput‐medusae (2x) and 30 different species (33 different cytotypes) representing 11 genera of the Triticeae. Seed set was obtained in 15 combinations, but only 6 of them resulted in adult plants. In the combination with Hordeum bulbosum (2x), a haploid of T. caput‐medusae was obtained as a result of selective elimination of the H. bulbosum chromosomes. All other hybrid plants were morphologically intermediate between the parents. They were highly sterile with low pollen fertility caused by very low chromosome pairing at meiosis and without any seed set.

The few hybrid plants obtained and the lack of pairing at meiosis support that Taeniatherum is a distinct genus within the Triticeae.
Dehiscence of antheridia in thelypteroid ferns
Authors: Tigerschiöld Eva
Published: March 2008

The manner of antheridial opening was investigated in 18 species of the family Thelypteridaceae by scanning electron microscopy. Four different types have been observed: 1) An irregular rupture in the cap cell wall. 2) A rounded opening like a pore. 3) The cap cell being totally thrown off. 4) Opening at one side like a lid, with the cap cell still being attached to the ring cell on the opposite side. Although it has been claimed that the manner of dehiscence is specific to different species, no evidence for this view was found. In 9 of the 18 species studied at least two manners of opening occurred. In 7 of the 18, three or four occurred. In the majority of cases male gametes are in the spermatid stage at time of release from the antheridium. Later on the slimed cell wall dissolves and the spermatozoids are liberated. In a few cases this process is more or less completed within the antheridia, so that spermatozoids are mature already at the time of release.
Two new species of Chascanum (Verbenaceae) from NE Africa
Authors: Demissew Sebsebe
Published: March 2008

Two new species, Chascanum sulcatum and C. obovatum are described and illustrated, one occurring in Ethiopia and Somalia, the other in Ethiopia and N Kenya.
Scanning electron microscopy of gametophyte characters and antheridial opening in some Ceylonese species of Thelypteridaceae
Authors: Tigerschiöld Eva
Published: March 2008

Gametophytes of the fern family Thelypteridaceae were cultivated aseptically under controlled conditions and investigated with the scanning electron microscope. This report concerns six species, viz. Sphaerostephanos arbuscula S. subtruncatus, S. unitus, Macrothelypteris torresiana, Amauropelta hakgalensis and Pneumatopteris truncata. The gametophytes have some features in common. They are more or less heart‐shaped and have glandular trichomes on surfaces and margins. In the middle is an elongated cushion bearing gametangia and rhizoids on the lower surface. Antheridia are of the type common to leptosporangiates, consisting of a basal cell, a ring cell and a cap cell. Archegonia consist externally of four rows of cells meeting at the top with triangular cells. The following features are distinguishing. The form of the margin of the thallus, type of hairiness, and the abundance of glandular hairs. Acicular hairs occur in Sphaerostephanos unitus and Pneumatopteris truncata. In Amauropelta hakgalensis the archegonium deviates from the common type in having a basal layer that consists of eight cells instead of four. In Macrothelypteris torresiana the four or three top cells are markedly irregular. In Sphaerostephanos arbuscula and Amauropelta hakgalensis the antheridial cap cell is sometimes divided. The manner of opening of antheridia and release of spermatozoids varies in each of the species investigated. This investigation reveals that it is possible to identify the species from gametophyte characters only.
Stomatocysts of Mallomonas hamata and M. heterospina (Mallomonadaceae, Synurophyceae) from South Swedish lakes
Authors: Cronberg Gertrud
Published: March 2008

The stomato cysts of Mallomonas hamata and M. heterospina are described from lakes in South Sweden. These Mallomonas species develop cysts of similar appearance, size and form. Cyst formation for Mallomonas hamata was recorded at temperature 10–11°C and pH 5.9 and for M. heterospina at temperatures 4.2–11°C and pH 7.4. The cysts of M. hamata and M. heterospina are ovoid and easy to recognize, even with light microscopy, but difficult to distinguish from another. Thus their value as paleoindicators is limited, even if the two species have preference for waters of different nutrient and pH status.
Taxonomy and distribution of Cordia sinensis and C. nevillii (Boraginaceae), a widespread species pair in Africa and Asia
Authors: Warfa Ahmed Mumin
Published: March 2008

What is currently treated as Cordia sinensis in Africa, is shown to be best treated as two distinct species: C. sinensis, widespread in Africa, and C. nevillii, mainly with a Somalia‐Masai distribution in Africa. Both these species also occur in S Arabia and across to India and Ceylon. Descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps are given for both species, and their habitat and variation are discussed.
Leaf anatomy and photosynthetic characteristics of succulent alpine plants growing at high elevations
Authors: Codignola A. , Fieschi M. , Maffei M. , Fusconi A.
Published: March 2008

Sempervivum monlanum and Saxifraga particulate are succulent alpine plants, with flat leaves, growing at up to 3300 m; Sedum atraium, with cylindrical leaves, is only present at the highest elevations. We have made a preliminary study of the photosynthetic mechanism (C, or CAM) of these species in relation to morphological and ultrastructural differences. The following physiological parameters were determined in plants collected at 3000 m: δ13C, night/day variations of titratable acidity and kinetic properties (Vmax, Km, S0.5, n) of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31). The results suggest that, even at the highest elevations, the photosynthetic system can be obligate CAM (Sempervivum monlanum), facultative C3‐CAM (Sedum atratum) or obligate C, (Saxifraga paniculata). Other parameters such as chlorophyll a/b ratio, succulence and succulence of mesophyll were measured and the results were consistent with the above mechanisms. Morphological analyses were performed by using LM, SEM and TEM. Sempervivum monlanum (CAM) leaves were found to differ from those of Saxifraga paniculata (C,) in having fewer thyreoids per granum, more plastoglobules per chloroplast, a higher plastoglobule relative density and a lower stomatal density. In Sedum atratum (facultative C3‐CAM) corresponding values were intermediate.
A phytoecological study of the mire Northern Kisselbergmosen, SE Norway. II. Identification of gradients by detrended (canonical) correspondence analysis
Authors: Økland Rune Halvorsen
Published: March 2008

The vegetation of a poor mire is sampled by two procedures; 800 randomly placed sample plots made up the R data set, 765 subjectively selected plots in 153 sample plot series made up the S data set. DCA ordination and constrained ordination by DCCA of the data sets and subsets showed the existence of three coenoclines in the material: (1) the coenocline along the mire expanse: low to high median depth to the water table—mire margin gradient, (2) the poor‐rich coenocline, dependent on a complex‐gradient in substrate chemistry, and (3) a coenocline attributed to variation in peat productivity. Thus the assumption of Fennoscandian mire scientists embedded in numerous systems for classifying mire vegetation, that three gradients are the most important in the mire ecosystem, is partly confirmed. In the investigated area, two of the gradients normally considered make up one complex coenocline (1), and a fourth coenocline (3) has to be added. The effects of sampling techniques on correlations between coenoclines and on ordination results are discussed, and an improved sampling technique is suggested. The major faults of DCA: (1) the tongue effect, and (2) the instability, are described and discussed. It is concluded that if due attention is taken to reveal effects of the faults of the method, DCA is among the best ordination methods currently available.
Rusty coloured species of the lichen genus Miriquidica (Lecanoraceae)
Authors: Rambold G. , Schwab A. J.
Published: March 2008

Lecidea atrofulva [=Miriquidica atrofulva comb, nov.] has been recognized as an obligatorily rusty coloured representative of the genus Miriquidica. M. garovaglii and Lecidea plumbeoatra [=M. plumbeoatra comb, nov.] have been found to develop facultatively rusty coloured thalli. Miriquidica lapponica sp. nov. is described as new to science.
A phytoecological study of the mire Northern Kisselbergmosen, SE Norway. III. Diversity and habitat niche relationships
Authors: Økland Rune H.
Published: March 2008

Alpha and beta diversity and habitat niche relationships of a poor, boreal mire was studied, based upon an ordination by detrended correspondence analysis and a subjective classification. The three first DCA axes were interpreted as variation along the following ecoclines: (1) mire expanse carpet–mire expanse hummock–mire margin hummock, (2) nutrient status: ombrotrophic–poor minerotrophic, and as a coenocline (3) associated with peat‐producing ability of the vegetation with an unclear ecological basis. The autecology of the 39 most frequent species was decribed with respect to these gradients. Alpha diversity patterns varied considerably between coenoclines. Beta diversity was always higher in the bottom layer than in the field layer. Habitat niche breadth was strongly correlated with species abundance, and separable into a frequency‐independent and a frequency‐dependent component. The former decreased from vascular plants to hepatics, and further to Sphagnum spp. It was argued that the importance of interactions was high in the bottom layer, particularly among Sphagnum spp., but also among hepatics. Interactions among vascular plants was considered unimportant, except in hummocks. Plant strategies were discussed. The niche breadth approach was evaluated, and found fruitful, while niche overlap was considered to provide redundant information. The importance of each of (1) interspecific interactions, (2) destabilizing factors, (3) stress, and (4) chance, as structuring factors in boreal mires, is discussed. Boreal mires are considered to conform to the patch‐dynamics theory of non‐equilibrium coexistence.
Three new species of Justicia sect. Justicia (Acanthaceae) from tropical Africa
Authors: Hedrén M.
Published: March 2008

Three new species of Justicia sect. Justicia (Acanthaceae) are described: Justicia regis from Kenya, Justicia acutifolia from Tanzania, and Justicia telloensis from Cameroun.
Scale‐bearing chrysophytes from tropical Northeast India
Authors: Saha L. C. , Wujek D. E.
Published: March 2008

This is the first publication describing scale‐bearing Chrysophyceae from India by means of electron microscopy. Twenty seven such taxa are described from samples for ponds, rivers and thermal springs. Twenty of these are Mallomonas spp.: M. akrokomos, M. bronchartiana, M. caudata, M. ceylanica, M. costata, M. crassisquanta, M. cyathellata var. cyathellata, M. cyathellata var. chilensis, M. cyathellata var. kenyana, M. guttata, M. heterospina, M. mangofera f. mangofera, M. mangofera f. foveata, M. mangoferea I. reticulata, M. matvienkoae I. matvienkoae, M. mat‐vienkoae var. grandis, M. morrisonensis, M. peronoides, M. portae‐ferreae, and M. tasmanica. Three are Synura taxa: S. curtispina, S. petersenii f. petersenii, and S. petersenii I. kufferathii. Two are Spiniferomonas species: S. coronacircumspina and S. enigmata. Paraphysomonas and Chrysosphaerella were each represented by one species: P. vestita and C. longispina. The water bodies from which these samples were taken were mostly eutrophic and nutrient rich. The majority of the taxa were obtained during the summer months when water temperatures were high. This contradicts the widely held belief that silica‐scaled chrysophytes are mainly found in cold oligotrophic and mesotrophic waters. Mallomonas portae‐ferreae and one unidentified species of Mallomonas were recorded also from thermal springs having water temperatures up to 50°C.
The floral development of Popowia whitei (Annonaceae)
Authors: Decraene L.‐P. Ronse , Smets E.
Published: March 2008

A study of the floral ontogeny of Popowia was carried out to investigate the phyllotactic arrangement of the floral organs and occurring trends in the androecium of Annonaceae. The flower buds arise on a common stalk in the axil of a bract. Three sepals emerge in quick succession and are rapidly overrun in size by two whorls of petals. The androecium is initiated centripetally in successive whorls. A first whorl of three pairs of outer staminodes emerges opposite the outer petals and is followed by nine staminodes. Next a whorl of nine fertile stamens arises in alternation with the second whorl of staminodes. The carpels arise in three alternating whorls of nine. The nature of the perianth parts is morphologically identical. The process of cyclisation of the androecium from a spiral is discussed for Annonaceae and Magnoliidae in general. The inception of the three outer stamen pairs is a widespread reductive step for multistaminate androecia in the process of oligomerization. It is proposed to define the cyclic inception of numerous stamens as whorled polyandry, being an intermediate step between true polyandry and a reduced stamen number in whorls. The absence of a cup‐like shape in the carpel development is related to the flattened receptacle.
Taxonomy and distribution of Zenkerella capparidacea s. lat. (Leguminosae‐Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: Temu Ruwa‐Aichi P. C.
Published: March 2008

Zenkerella capparidacea, Z. grotei and Z. schliebenii, previously known as three endemic species in Tanzania, are reduced to one species, Z. capparidacea, with two subspecies, ssp. capparidacea (incl. Z. schliebenii) and Z. capparidacea ssp. grotei comb, et stat. nov. Descriptions and illustrations are given for both subspecies and their distributions are mapped. One neotype and two lectotypes are selected.
Two new species of Ormocarpum (Leguminosae) from Somalia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Ormocarpum gillettii and O. rectangulare from respectively central and southern Somalia are described and illustrated.
Three new species of Muhlenbergia and Uniola (Poaceae) from Northern Peru
Authors: Lægaard Simon , Vega Isidore Sánchez
Published: March 2008

Three new grass species, Muhlenbergia coxamarcensis, M. maxima and Uniola peruviana are described from Northern Peru. Their affinities and geographical distribution are briefly discussed.
The genus Betula in Greenland‐Holocene history, present distribution and synecology
Authors: Fredskild Bent
Published: March 2008

After its arrival in E Greenland c. 8000 C‐14 years B.P.Betula nanaspread rapidly to become a dominant plant. A climatic change c. 5000 B.P. almost exterminated it at more oceanic sites, whereas inland it only lost little ground. Today it is common inland in many kinds of heath and other vegetation types. When it spread to Middle W Greenland around 6500 B.P. it only took two to three centuries to become dominating in the continental inland whereas the spreading to the coastal areas began later and was more gradual. After the Holocene climatic optimum it decreased here but kept its dominating position inland, where today it is a main plant in mossy heaths on N slopes and dry, grassy communities on S slopes.

Betula glandulosaarrived in SW Greenland c. 5 700 B.P., later on in S Greenland. It is a lowarctic, oceanic plant, missing only on the outer skerries, but being common in mossy heaths all through the fjords, where it also occurs in grassland vegetation types and, at the head of the fjords, as undergrowth in the subarctic, usually 4–5 m high birch woodlands formed byB. pubescens, which did not arrive until c. 3500 B.P. The most common plant communities, in which the threeBetulaspecies occur in different parts of Greenland are summarized, partly by referring to other publications, partly by presenting six new tables of vegetation analyses, stored in the Botanical Museum or published in “grey literature”. Where the species meet, hybridizing and introgression take place. Distribution maps of the three species and two hybrids are presented, and the taxonomy summarized.
Crepidotus, Pellidiscus and Ramicola in Greenland (Agaricales: Crepidotaceae)
Authors: Senn‐Irlet Beatrice
Published: March 2008

Thirty Greenlandic collections ofCrepidotus, PellidiscusandRamicola(Agaricales, Basidiomycetes), mainly collected in the last years have been studied. Descriptions, illustrations and a key is given to six species:C. fusisporus, C. lundellii, C. subverrucisporus, C. versutus, P. pallidus, andR. haustellaris.Five species are recorded as new to Greenland. The type ofC. longisporushas been reexamined. SEM studies show the significance of spore ornamentation for the taxonomy of these fungi. The floristic patterns are discussed;C. fusisporusis an American element of the Greenlandic mycoflora.
Osmunda regalis in the early Holocene of Western Norway
Authors: Birks Hilary H. , Paus Aage
Published: March 2008

A fossil sporangium and spores of Osmunda regalis were found in sediments bio‐stratigraphically dated to about 9500 years old on the island of Utsira, SW Norway. The ages of the Utsira remains and finds of spores from Jæren indicate that Osmunda immigrated into Norway, perhaps from Britain, during the first 1000 years of the Holocene. The ages of its recorded arrival at other sites show that Osmunda spread rapidly within the limits of its present distribution in Norway by about 8300 BP.
Ascomycetes on Myrica gale in Sweden
Authors: Holm Kerstin , Holm Lennart
Published: March 2008

The Ascomycete flora on Myrica gale has been investigated, mainly on the basis of Swedish material. It is found to be largely host specific. Four Discomycetes and nine Pyrenomycetes s. lat. are recorded as true, ± exclusive Myrica fungi; ten plurivorous Pyrenomycetes have occasionally been met with. The mycoflora on Myrica gale seems to be of a rather recent origin, composed of fairly modern species. Six new names are published: Gibbera gemmarum sp. nov., G. minutissima sp. nov., Melanomma myricae sp. nov., Semisphaeria sigmundii gen. nov. et sp. nov., Stomiopeltis myricae sp. nov., and Trichopezizella myricae comb. nov.
Notes on the Chenopodiaceae of Ethiopia, Somalia and Southern Arabia
Authors: Boulos L. , Friis I. , Gilbert M. G.
Published: March 2008

Atriplex griffithii is divided into two subspecies, ssp. griffithii and ssp. stocksii, stat. nov. Atriplex farinosa is typified and divided into two subspecies, ssp. farinosa and ssp. keniensis, stat. nov. A new species of Atriplex, A. nogalensis is described from Somalia. The subtribe Sevadinae is revised and found to consist of the two monotypic genera Sevada and Fadenia and the genus Lagenantha with two species, L. cycloptera, comb. nov. (which includes the types of Gyroptera and Cycloptera), and L. gillettii, comb. nov.
Two new species of Crotalaria (Leguminosae) from Somalia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

The new, closely related species Crotalaria mudugensis and C. camptosepala, with vicarious distributions in central Somalia, are described and illustrated. The two species are regarded as members of C. sect. Crotalaria along with the related C. verdcourtii and C. deflersu that have previously been placed in sect. Hedriocarpae.
A new combination in Hordeum (Triticeae, Poaceae)
Authors: von Bothmer Roland , Jacobsen Niels , Seberg Ole
Published: March 2008

A new combination is presented in Hordeum viz. H. brachyantherum ssp. californicum comb. & stat. nov., an endemic Californian diploid.
Sideritis syriaca ssp. syriaca: Glandular trichome structure and development in relation to systematics
Authors: Karousou R. , Bosabalidis A. M. , Kokkini S.
Published: March 2008

Sideritis syriaca ssp. syriaca is a taxon with a low essential oil content. Its leaves bear glandular trichomes of two types: long hairs with a 4‐celled head, a 4‐celled stalk and a 4‐celled foot (reported for the first time in Lamiaceae) and short hairs with a 4–celled head, a unicellular stalk and a unicellular foot. The second type is considered intermediate between the capitate and peltate hairs, common in Lamiaceae, but found in S. syriaca ssp. syriaca. The ontogeny of the trichome types is described. The possible significance of the glandular trichome structure to Lamiaceae systematics is further discussed.
Synopsis of Adenanthera (Leguminosae‐Mimosoideae)
Authors: Nielsen Ivan , Guinet Philippe
Published: March 2008

The generic relationship, the palynology and the infrageneric classification of the tropical Asian‐Australian‐Melanesian genus Adenanthera is discussed. Twelve species are recognized. Adenanthera microsperma and A. tamarindifolia are reinstated. A. kostermansii and A. marina are described as new, and A. malayana is divided in two subspecies, ssp. malayana from Malaya and Sumatra and ssp. andersonii from Borneo. All species are illustrated.
Numerical taxonomy applied to a study of some ploidy levels within the Ornithogalum umbellatum complex (Hyacinthaceae) in France
Authors: Moret J.
Published: March 2008

A macromorphological study of certain ploidy levels within the Ornithogalum umbellatum complex was carried out in France. The data matrix was treated by multivariate analyses. Certain ploidy levels show clear morphological differenciation in relation to taxon provenance. In the Loire Valley, there is a very strong correlation between ploidy level of individual plants and a specific morph. The results are discussed from a systematic and evolutionary point of view within the framework of polyploid complexes to which O. umbellatum belongs.
The genus Jacquinia (Theophrastaceae) in Jamaica
Authors: Stearn William T.
Published: March 2008

The five species of Jacquinia native to Jamaica, West Indies, are described and their distribution mapped; they include J. proctorii and J. clarendonensis new to science. The illegitimacy of the name J. barbasco is confirmed.
Occurrence of a metalimnetic summer peak of Mallomonas caudata (Synurophyceae)
Authors: Hoffmann Lucien , Wille Emmanuela
Published: March 2008

The spatio‐temporal evolution of a summer metalimnetic peak of the chrysophyte Mallomonas caudata is described in relation to the other algal groups and to some physico‐chemical parameters.
Variability of some planktic gomphosphaerioid cyanoprocaryotes in northern lakes
Authors: Komárek Jiří , Komárková‐Legnerová Jaroslava
Published: March 2008

This paper describes several populations of gomphosphaerioid cyanophytes collected in nordic lakes in central Finland, southern Sweden, central Canada (Manitoba, Ontario) and northern Japan (Hokkaido). Variation of Coelosphaerium minutissimum is discussed and compared with the related species, C. subarcticum and C. punctiferum sp. nov. Two related species, Snowella septentrionalis and S. fennica sp. nov. are compared and characterized. In the genus Woronichinia, three new species are described and the phenotypic variability of the common planktic W. naegeliana is recorded. Survey data and an identification key of the genus Woronichinia are included. The morphology of two planktic Gomphosphaeria species (G. natans and G. virieuxii) from central Canadian lakes is described.
Ecology of Peridinium willei and P. volzii (Dinophyceae) in Danish lakes
Authors: Olrik Kirsten
Published: March 2008

The distribution of Peridinium willei and P. volzii was studied in Danish lakes. Both species were confined to lakes with concentrations of Total P < 0.15 mg 1‐1, with the majority of occurrences at Total P concentration between 0.020–0.040 mg 1‐1 and concentrations of PO4 P between detection limit and 0.040 mg 1‐1. The occurrence of the species in relation to inorganic N compounds (NH4 N and NO2+ NO3 N) was significantly broader for P. willei than for P. volzii: P. willei had an almost even distribution within a wide range of NH4 N, whereas P. volzii mainly occurred between 0.001 and 0.10 NH4 N 1‐1. P. willei had an almost even distribution at values beween 0.005 and 0.42 mg NO2+ NO3 N 1‐1, whereas P. volzii mainly occurred below 0.050 mg NO2+ NO3 N 11. P. willei was found at pH values between 4.2 and 8.5, whereas P. volzii was confined to lakes with a slightly basic pH. The study confirmed the broad limits of P. willei and the much more narrow limits of P. volzii in relation to seasonal occurrence and pH, as well as an affinity of the former to ponds and lakes with a rich bottom vegetation. The study also showed, however, that the species were not as widespread and common in recent Danish lake phytoplankton as generally stated by previous authors. The use of different ecological factors to give weight to species separation is discussed. The inclusion of P. volzii in P. willei proposed by Popovsky & Phiester is not supported by the present study, as the two taxa appear to have different ecological tolerances.
Chromosome counts in the Carex flava complex (Cyperaceae) in Finland
Authors: Halkka Liisa , Toivonen Heikki , Saario Sirkka , Pykälä Juha
Published: March 2008

Chromosome numbers from 17 Finnish populations of six taxa in the Carex flava complex were examined. Special attention was given to taxa claimed to be endemic to Fennoscandia. The meiotic counts for C. flava n = 30, C. viridula var. viridula n = 35 and var. pulchella n = 35 are in accordance with previous reports. The counts for C. jemtlandica n = 34, C. bergrothii n = 35, and C. kotilaini n = 34 are new. The hybrid C. flava×kotilaini reveals severely disturbed meiosis with many uni‐ and multivalents. The results are briefly discussed in relation to morphological data. Carex jemtlandica should evidently be included in C. lepidocarpa. Carex bergrothii and C. kotilaini belong to the polymorphic C. viridula, but the latter probably consitute a specific cytotype.
Notes on Violaceae from Ethiopia
Authors: Gilbert M. G.
Published: March 2008

Two new species of Violaceae are described: Rinorea friisii from the forests of SW Ethiopia and Hybanthus puberulus from the Borena bushland of S Ethiopia. The position of Viola erythraea within the V. cinerea complex is discussed.
Soil and vegetation in two Danish fens following changes in water regime
Authors: Hald Anna Bodil , Petersen Peter Milan
Published: March 2008

Over a six year period, lowering of the water table throughout the year in two Danish eutrophic fens led to an increase in bulk density and a decrease in pH, exchangeable base cations, total P, available P, and available Mn. The vascular plant flora and ecological characteristics of the vegetation (weighted Moisture‐value, Drainage Index, Nitrogen‐value and Reaction‐value, and proportion of fen species, of different growth forms, and of different seed dispersal types) changed in accordance with changes in water regime towards more dry conditions, changes of edaphic variables towards more acid and oligotrophic conditions, and increased probability of establishment of plants on patches without vegetation.

Additional two years with reestablishment of the original winter water table in one of the fens led to a further decrease in total P and available P. Most of the non‐fen species, which had established in the period with low water table throughout the year, were significantly weakened. However, after a period of two years with reestablished winter water table the vegetation was still different from the original vegetation. Methods to state the statistical significance of changes in frequency of species and ecological characteristics of the vegetation have been worked out.
Synurophyceae from the Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain of North America: A preliminary survey in Louisiana, USA
Authors: Wee James L. , Booth Dennis J. , Bossier Michael A.
Published: March 2008

Forty‐three taxa of Synurophyceae were identified by means of transmission electron microscopy of samples from ten different localities in southeastern Louisiana, USA, on the southern portion of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province of North America. Samples were collected during a one month period when water temperatures ranged from 15.5–24.5“C. Sample pH values ranged from 4.4–7.2. Notable scale morphology variation was described for some taxa. The flora included three warm water taxa but was dominated by temperate and cosmopolitan taxa.Mallomonas proraandSynura australiensisare reported for the first time from North America. Comparisons with related studies from New World subtropical regions in Florida, USA, and Argentina were made, and significant North American range expansions were noted. The large number of aquatic habitats, 7–8 consecutive months at temperatures (6–20°C) best suited for development of synurophycean populations, and proximity to major bird migrations routes are postulated as explanations for the large number of reported species.
Scilla merinoi (Liliaceae), a new species from Galicia, northwestern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Ortiz Santiago , Rodríguez‐Oubiña Juan , Izco Jesús
Published: March 2008

A new species, Scilla merinoi, from Galicia is described and illustrated. The similarities between the new taxon and two related species, S. odorata and S. verna, are discussed. Together with a morphological comparison of the three species, scanning electron micrographs of seeds and a map of the new species' known distribution are presented.
A new species of Mollugo (Molluginaceae) from Somalia
Authors: Gilbert Michael G. , Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Mollugo angustifolia sp. nov., from sandy plains of the Bay Region in southern Somalia, is described and illustrated.
Quaternary marine macroalgae from Greenland
Authors: Pedersen Poul Møller , Bennike Ole
Published: March 2008

Four species of brown algae, Sphacelaria arctica, S. plumosa, Desmarestia aculeata, and midribs of a Fucus species have been found in Holocene and interstadial deposits in Greenland. The green alga Chlorochytrium dermatocolax and the red alga Audoui‐nella cfr. microscopica are reported for the first time in such deposits. All species are present in the extant flora of marine, benthic algae from Greenland. They are very well preserved and can be identified to species level.
The anamorphs of Chaenothecopsis viridireagens
Authors: Tibell L.
Published: March 2008

An anamorph of Chaenothecopsis viridireagens occurring in the field is reported. It is coelomycetous and the conidiomata are formed on stalks which often branch to form tree‐like complexes. Similar structures are formed in axenic cultures. This anamorph is compared to anarnorphs of other Chaenothecopsis species. In cultures a hyphomy‐cetous anamorph was also formed.
Recolonization of experimentally bared soil in a grazed common in Denmark
Authors: Hansen Kjeld , Jensen Jørgen
Published: March 2008

In an old grazed and very diverse common in Central Zealand, Denmark, the recolonization of vegetation on experimentally bared mineral soil was studied over a six years period (198691). In six experimental squares (1×1 m) in pairs placed in three different areas the plant cover and 10 cm of top soil was removed in 1986 after an analysis (Hult‐Sernander‐Du Rietz method) of the vegetation in a central, fixed plot (50 × 50 cm) and an examination of the flora in the nearest surroundings (<10 m).

In each of the following years (1987–91) the recolonizating vegetation of the bared plots was analysed again. After one year an almost closed vegetation was already established in most of the plots. The new vegetation consists mostly of immigrating previously found species but often with another cover value. A small number of the original species are still absent after five years. A smaller number of the species in the new vegetation are intrusive, and most of these species are coming from the nearest surroundings. In the first five years all recolonization is by means of diaspores, and the diversity increases in the last years. The paper discusses returning, disappearing and new intrusive species with background in their way of dispersal of diaspores. The conclusion is that in 1991 a succession is still ‐ but slowly ‐ going on and that a totally stable vegetation possibly never will be established.
The anamorphs of Chaenotheca deludens
Authors: Tibell L.
Published: March 2008

Both a coelomycetous and a hyphomyeetous anamorph were obtained in axenic sporc cultures of the myeobiont of Chaenotheca deludens (Coniocybaceae. Caliciales). Coelomyeetous anamorphs have previously not with certainty been reported from Chaenorheca. Similarities between the coelomycetous Chaenotheca anamorph and the Asrerophoma anamorph of Chaenorhecopsis suvonica were noted. Thc conidia from the hyphomycetous anamorph germinated easily to produce new subcultures and it is suggested that conidia may also function in asexual reproduction in the field.
The genus Schismatomma (Arthoniales, Euascomycetidae)
Authors: Tehler A.
Published: March 2008

The genus Schismatomma is monographed. Schismatomma is distributed in mainly temperate regions of North America, Europe, Eastern Russia, Japan and New Zealand. Eight fructiferous species are recognized out of approximately 120 taxa which have been referred to as Schismatomma. No sterile species are recognized. A new combination, Schismatomma ocellulatum is made. Key, descriptions and distribution maps are supplied. A phylogeny based on cladistic parsimony methods using morphological data is proposed and discussed.
Two new species of Parmelina from India
Authors: Singh K. P. , Sinha G. P.
Published: March 2008

Parmelina chozoubae and P. nagalandica are described on the basis of collections made from Nagaland, India.
Cocconeis hauniensis sp. nov., a new epipsammic diatom from Puck Bay (Southern Baltic Sea), Poland
Authors: Witkowski Andrzej
Published: March 2008

A new taxon Cocconeis hauniensis sp. nov., is described from the bottom deposits of Puck Bay, a shallow water embayment in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. Light and electron microscope studies revealed that C. hauniensis is characterized by a finely silicified raphe valve and a robust araphid valve. The raphe valve possesses a straight to slightly sigmoid raphe, indistinct striae and a submarginal hyaline ring. The araphid valve possesses distinct punctate striae and an irregularly widened axial area. The raphe valve morphology of C. hauniensis shows some similarity to C. placentula Ehrenberg and C. scutellum Ehrenberg. However, the araphid valve of C. hauniensis is quite different.
A monograph of the genus Vulpicida (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycetes)
Authors: Mattsson Jan‐Erik
Published: March 2008

The genus Vulpicida is monographcd. Its delimitation and nomenclature is revised. The following 6 species are accepted: V. cunudensb, V. juniperinus. V. pinastri, V. tilesii, V. rubulosus and V. viridis. The study includes anatomy, and ontogeny of ascomata, as well as chemical studies. Secondary metabolites was studied with TLC and HPLC, and isozymcs by isoelectric focusing. The ecology. distribution and probahle evolution of the taxa are discussed and compared with other lichens and phorophytes. The systematic position of the genus is investigated by cladistic methods. Keys for the identification of the genus and the species and distrihution maps and photos of the species are included. The new combination Vulpicidu pinustri var. soralifera is made.
A multivariate approach to post‐pollination changes in the floral scent of Platanthera bifolia (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Tollsten Lars
Published: March 2008

The effect of pollination on floral scent composition and production in the moth‐pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia was studied. A significant decrease in scent production was detected both two and five days after pollination. The proportion of wilted flowers was higher in pollinated compared to control plants after seven days. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed how pollination reduced scent production. All scent compounds were affected by pollination, even though some compounds had larger impact on the overall scent reduction. A classification of samples offered a quantitative test of the changes found in individual plants after pollination. The induced decrease in floral scent production following pollination is suggested to be of adaptive value for both plants and pollinators.
Notes on tropical Africa Cyperaceae
Authors: Browning J. , Gordon‐Gray K. D.
Published: March 2008

New information relating to structure andor wider distributional records are given for four species of Cyperaceae indigenous to Zambia and/or Zimbabwe. Three are members of tribe Cypereae (Sphaerocyperus erinaceus, Cyperus albopilosus, C. ciltochty‐socephalus); one of Ficineae (Isolepis trollii). Tribal delimitation follows that of Goetghebeur (1986).
Ruellia nocturna sp. nov. (Acanthaceae) from Central Somalia
Authors: Hedrén Mikael
Published: March 2008

Ruellia nocturna, a large‐ and night‐flowering shrub from Central Somalia is described and illustrated, and its relationship to other large‐flowered species occurring in the area is discussed.