bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reasons for choice of glaucoma surgery in eyes not treated with anti-glaucoma medications
Authors: Sugihara Kazunobu , Fukuda Hiroki , Omura Tetsuro , Tanito Masaki
Published: March 2022

Background

In the real world, some glaucoma patients can undergo an incisional glaucoma surgery without using medication. The rate of cases with no medication treatment at the time of surgery among those that underwent incisional glaucoma surgeries performed in our department was reported.

Methods

The department database of Shimane University Hospital for eyes that underwent incisional surgeries to manage glaucoma at the hospital between April 2018 and September 2020 were searched. By reviewing the medical charts of 1,417 consecutive eyes listed, 90 (6.4%) eyes of 67 subjects (mean age of 72 ± 16 years; 22 men, 29 eyes; 45 women, 61 eyes) who underwent a surgery without use of antiglaucoma medication were identified. The types of glaucoma, glaucoma procedures, and reasons for choosing the glaucoma surgeries rather than medical therapy were collected for the 90 eyes.

Results

Among the 90 eyes, primary angle-closure disease (PACD) (60%) was the most frequent type of glaucoma followed by EXG (17%), POAG (16%), and others (8%). Among the reasons for the choice of incisional surgery, relief of angle closure (64%) was the most frequent, the second most frequent was the incidental diagnosis of glaucoma during the ocular examinations both for that eye’s cataract surgery or the contralateral glaucoma surgery (13%). Other reasons included poor medication adherence (10%), dementia (6%), multiple medication allergy (3%), and acute IOP elevation other than PACD (3%). Cataract extraction (CE) alone (33%) was the most frequent glaucoma procedures performed in these eyes, followed by CE combined with goniosynechialysis (27%), CE + iStent (16%), CE + goniotomy by Tanito microhook ab interno trabeculotomy or using the Kahook Dual Blade (11%), Ahmed Glaucoma valve implantation (11%), and trabeculectomy (2%).

Conclusion

In the real-world, 6.4% of incisional glaucoma surgeries were performed in the absence of medication use; of them, 32 eyes (2.3%) were with open angle glaucoma. In open angle glaucoma, the reasons can be classified into; 1) patients’ inability to instill the medication, 2) incidental diagnosis of glaucoma during the pre-surgical examinations, and 3) the eyes with acute IOP rise.
Downregulation of ADAM17 in pediatric immune thrombocytopenia impairs proplatelet formation
Authors: Wang Qi , Wei Jia , Jia Xi , Feng Xiao , Ji Zhenghua , Ji Xueqiang , Shao Xuejun
Published: March 2022

Background

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the most common etiology of acquired thrombocytopenia diseases in children. ITP is characterized by the immune-mediated decreased formation and excessive destruction of platelets. The pathogenesis and management of pediatric ITP are distinct from adult ITP. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) mediates the shedding of platelet receptor glycoprotein Ib α (GPIb α) in extracellular domain, functioning in the platelet activation and clearance. Our study aims to probe the roles and mechanisms of ADAM17 in pediatric ITP.

Methods

The differently expressed ADAM17 in megakaryocytes was obtained from children with ITP through the next-generation RNA-Sequence. Hematoxylin-eosin and Giemsa staining were performed for cell morphology identification. Flow cytometry was applied to assess autoantibodies against platelets, subtypes of lymphocytes, the surface expression level of ADAM17 and polyploidization of megakaryocytes, as well as the full-length GP Ib α.

Results

ADAM17 was significantly downregulated in megakaryocytes and platelets in children with ITP. Higher values of PDW and positive autoantibodies presence were observed in children with ITP. Loss of ADAM17 in mice led to defects in proplatelet formation and significantly elevated expression of phosphorylated myosin light chain (p-MLC) in megakaryocytes.

Conclusions

Our study indicated that the downregulation of ADAM17 might be an innate cause of inefficient platelet production in pediatric ITP.
Oral health related quality of life in long-term survivors of head and neck cancer compared to a general population from the seventh Tromsø study
Authors: Andreassen Renate , Jönsson Birgitta , Hadler-Olsen Elin
Published: March 2022

Background

Both the incidence and survival rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) is increasing, making quality of life of HNC survivors an important issue.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study we compared the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of long-term HNC survivors to that of a general population cohort from the seventh survey of the Tromsø study with the Oral Impact on Daily Performances questionnaire. Comparisons were done with frequency analyses and cross tabulation. We also assessed OHRQoL’s association to sociodemographic and oral health related variables in both cohorts as well as with cancer related variables in the HNC cohort with regression analyses.

Results

The HNC survivors had four times the risk of reporting problems with daily performances compared with the general population cohort. The ability to eat and enjoy food was most frequently affected in both cohorts. Moderate-poor self-rated dental health and general health as well as high frequency of dental visits were significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL. To have a history of oral or pharyngeal cancer was associated with more problems than having a history of laryngeal cancer.

Conclusions

Our study shows that HNC treatment is associated with a strong and lasting impairment of OHRQoL, highlighting the need to find less toxic, yet effective ways to treat the disease, and to provide easy access to expert dental care at all stages of the disease to minimize morbidity. Given the widespread side effects of cancer treatment, a multidisciplinary approach might be required to improve the OHRQoL of HNC survivors.
Online medical education in Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide assessment of medical students’ usage and perceptions
Authors: Mortagy Mohamed , Abdelhameed Aya , Sexton Patricia , Olken Melissa , Hegazy Mohamed Tharwat , Gawad Mohammed Abdel , Senna Fathy , Mahmoud Islam A. , Shah Jaffer ,   Egyptian Medical Education Collaborative Group (EGY MedEd), Elkholy Abdelrahman , Mahmoud Abdelrahman , Elframawy Ahmad , Emara Ahmed , Abualez Ahmed , Naeem Ahmed , Mohamed Ayda , Fahim Bishoy , Saadeh Diaa , Yehia Hana , Alsharif Hisham , Ali Hossam , Khalil Karim , Sayed Karim , Farag Mark , Abugdida Mohamed , Sydhom Pishoy , Yousuf Raafat , Ahmed Rajya , Farahat Ramadan , Elbayar Rana , Diab Rowaina , Hussein Yousra , Aiash Hani
Published: March 2022

Background

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic required a transformation of medical education in Egypt. Public health measures necessitated a rapid shift from traditional face to face lectures to largely online platforms following campus closures. The aim of this study is to characterize medical student use and perception of online medical education in Egypt as well as exploring the efficacy of different e-learning modalities. Additionally, many barriers and opportunities as perceived by students are reviewed to inform future educational improvements.

Methods

A 29-item online survey was created on google forms and distributed by social media to medical students across 26 Egyptian medical schools. The survey was administered from August 20th, 2021, to September 5th, 2021. The survey consisted of a mixture of questions style. The medical students were asked about their experiences with online medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as medical students’ anxiety, perceived academic performance, and obstacles related to online education.

Results

Of the 4935 responses collected, 43.4% (n = 2140) of respondents were women; 56.6% (n = 2795) were men. Medical students from private medical schools were 13.0% (n = 644), whereas 87.0% (n = 4291) were from public medical schools. 54.6% of students reported that online education is not as effective as face-to-face education. There was a significant rise in hours spent by medical students on online medical education compared to before COVID-19 pandemic. More than half of students (63%) agreed that online recorded video tutorials (e.g., YouTube) were the most effective form of online medical education.

Conclusion

The shift to online education has significantly impacted medical students in Egypt. Medical students reported various limitations and challenges of online medical education, which must be addressed considering the potential benefits of online platforms over traditional face to face learning. The results of this nationwide study provide a framework for potential areas to implement change to improve the accessibility and structure of online medical education in Egypt.
A framework to support the progressive implementation of integrated team-based care for the management of COPD: a collective case study
Authors: Sibbald Shannon L , Misra Vaidehi , daSilva Madelyn , Licskai Christopher
Published: March 2022

Background

In Canada, there is widespread agreement about the need for integrated models of team-based care. However, there is less agreement on how to support the scale-up and spread of successful models, and there is limited empirical evidence to support this process in chronic disease management. We studied the supporting and mitigating factors required to successfully implement and scale-up an integrated model of team-based care in primary care.

Methods

We conducted a collective case study using multiple methods of data collection including interviews, document analysis, living documents, and a focus group. Our study explored a team-based model of care for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) known as Best Care COPD (BCC) that has been implemented in primary care settings across Southwestern Ontario. BCC is a quality improvement initiative that was developed to enhance the quality of care for patients with COPD. Participants included healthcare providers involved in the delivery of the BCC program.

Results

We identified several mechanisms influencing the scale-up and spread of BCC and categorized them as Foundational (e.g., evidence-based program, readiness to implement, peer-led implementation team), Transformative (adaptive process, empowerment and collaboration, embedded evaluation), and Enabling Mechanisms (provider training, administrative support, role clarity, patient outcomes). Based on these results, we developed a framework to inform the progressive implementation of integrated, team-based care for chronic disease management. Our framework builds off our empirical work and is framed by local contextual factors.

Conclusions

This study explores the implementation and spread of integrated team-based care in a primary care setting. Despite the study’s focus on COPD, we believe the findings can be applied in other chronic disease contexts. We provide a framework to support the progressive implementation of integrated team-based care for chronic disease management.
DNA methylome-wide association study of genetic risk for depression implicates antigen processing and immune responses
Authors: Shen Xueyi , Caramaschi Doretta , Adams Mark J. , Walker Rosie M. , Min Josine L. , Kwong Alex , Hemani Gibran ,   Genetics of DNA Methylation Consortium, Barbu Miruna C. , Whalley Heather C. , Harris Sarah E. , Deary Ian J. , Morris Stewart W. , Cox Simon R. , Relton Caroline L. , Marioni Riccardo E. , Evans Kathryn L. , McIntosh Andrew M.
Published: March 2022

Background

Depression is a disabling and highly prevalent condition where genetic and epigenetic, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), differences contribute to disease risk. DNA methylation is influenced by genetic variation but the association between polygenic risk of depression and DNA methylation is unknown.

Methods

We investigated the association between polygenic risk scores (PRS) for depression and DNAm by conducting a methylome-wide association study (MWAS) in Generation Scotland (N = 8898, mean age = 49.8 years) with replication in the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936 and adults in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (Ncombined = 2049, mean age = 79.1, 69.6 and 47.2 years, respectively). We also conducted a replication MWAS in the ALSPAC children (N = 423, mean age = 17.1 years). Gene ontology analysis was conducted for the cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) probes significantly associated with depression PRS, followed by Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to infer the causal relationship between depression and DNAm.

Results

Widespread associations (NCpG = 71, pBonferroni < 0.05, p < 6.3 × 10−8) were found between PRS constructed using genetic risk variants for depression and DNAm in CpG probes that localised to genes involved in immune responses and neural development. The effect sizes for the significant associations were highly correlated between the discovery and replication samples in adults (r = 0.79) and in adolescents (r = 0.82). Gene Ontology analysis showed that significant CpG probes are enriched in immunological processes in the human leukocyte antigen system. Additional MWAS was conducted for each lead genetic risk variant. Over 47.9% of the independent genetic risk variants included in the PRS showed associations with DNAm in CpG probes located in both the same (cis) and distal (trans) locations to the genetic loci (pBonferroni < 0.045). Subsequent MR analysis showed that there are a greater number of causal effects found from DNAm to depression than vice versa (DNAm to depression: pFDR ranged from 0.024 to 7.45 × 10−30; depression to DNAm: pFDR ranged from 0.028 to 0.003).

Conclusions

PRS for depression, especially those constructed from genome-wide significant genetic risk variants, showed methylome-wide differences associated with immune responses. Findings from MR analysis provided evidence for causal effect of DNAm to depression.
Antimicrobial resistance patterns and genetic elements associated with the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori strains from Shanghai
Authors: Liu Yixin , Wang Su , Yang Feng , Chi Wenjing , Ding Li , Liu Tao , Zhu Feng , Ji Danian , Zhou Jun , Fang Yi , Zhang Jinghao , Xiang Ping , Zhang Yanmei , Zhao Hu
Published: March 2022

Background

Shanghai, in east China, has one of the world’s highest burdens ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection. While multidrug regimens can effectively eradicateH. pylori, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance (AR) inH. pylorihas been recognized by the WHO as ‘high priority’ for urgent need of new therapies. Moreover, the genetic characteristics ofH. pyloriAR in Shanghai is under-reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the resistance prevalence, re-substantiate resistance-conferring mutations, and investigate novel genetic elements associated withH. pyloriAR.

Results

We performed whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 112H. pyloristrains isolated from gastric biopsy specimens from Shanghai patients with different gastric diseases. No strains were resistant to amoxicillin. Levofloxacin, metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance was observed in 39 (34.8%), 73 (65.2%) and 18 (16.1%) strains, respectively. There was no association between gastroscopy diagnosis and resistance phenotypes. We reported the presence or absence of several subsystem protein coding genes includinghopE,hofF,spaB,cagYandpflA, and a combination of CRISPRs, which were potentially correlated with resistance phenotypes. TheH. pyloristrains were also annotated for 80 genome-wide AR genes (ARGs). A genome-wide ARG analysis was performed for the three antibiotics by correlating the phenotypes with the genetic variants, which identified the well-known intrinsic mutations conferring resistance to levofloxacin (N87T/I and/or D91G/Y mutations ingyrA), metronidazole (I38V mutation infdxB), and clarithromycin (A2143G and/or A2142G mutations in 23S rRNA), and added 174 novel variations, including 23 non-synonymous SNPs and 48 frameshift Indels that were significantly enriched in either the antibiotic-resistant or antibiotic-susceptible bacterial populations. The variant-level linkage disequilibrium analysis highlighted variations in a protease Lon with strong co-occurring correlation with a series of resistance-associated variants.

Conclusion

Our study revealed multidrug antibiotic resistance inH. pyloristrains from Shanghai, which was characterized by high metronidazole and moderate levofloxacin resistance, and identified specific genomic characteristics in relation toH. pyloriAR. Continued surveillance ofH. pyloriAR in Shanghai is warranted in order to establish appropriate eradication treatment regimens for this population.
Comparison of efficacy between triamcinolone acetonide and triamcinolone hexacetonide for intraarticular therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Chun Angela , Muhammad Lutfiyya N. , De Ranieri Deirdre
Published: March 2022

Background

There are many FDA-approved corticosteroid preparations available for intra-articular injection, however triamcinolone hexacetonide is not one of them. It was the intraarticular drug of choice among pediatric rheumatologists up until approximately a decade ago, when production of this medication ceased. It can be obtained in the United States and Canada via importation from Europe, but it is not FDA-approved at this time. We wish to compare the duration of remission of intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH) with that of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and demonstrate its safety in this population.

Methods

This retrospective chart review included 39 patients with JIA who received intraarticular corticosteroid injections (IACIs) from September 2018 to September 2019. These patients were reviewed and their life-time injections with either TH (41 joints) or TA (124 joints) was noted through May 30, 2021. Patients with concomitant systemic therapy initiation were excluded. The primary outcome was time to relapse. Relapse was defined by the presence of arthritis on physical examination by an attending rheumatologist. Kaplan–Meier curves and a log-rank test were constructed to compare the probability of time to relapse between IACI injections. Additionally, mixed effects cox regression models were constructed to account for multiple injections per participant.

Results

Kaplan–Meier estimator of median relapse time in months was higher for TH. Based on the log-rank test, TA joints had a higher probability of experiencing a relapse during the study time (p value < 0.001). The hazard of time to relapse was reduced when comparing TH to TA in both unadjusted and adjusted mixed effects cox regression models [unadjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.184 (0.089, 0.381); adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.189 (0.092, 0.386)].

Conclusions

TH has longer duration of action than TA and is associated with less systemic side effects. It should be considered the drug of choice for intraarticular corticosteroid injections in children with JIA.
Cytogenetic abnormalities in a sample of females with premature ovarian failure
Authors: Issa Noha M. , Elhady Ghada M.
Published: March 2022

Background

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a complex heterogeneous disorder characterized by the triad of amenorrhea, hypergonadotropinism, and hypoestrogenism in women before the expected age of menopause. In most POF patients, the etiology is idiopathic. X chromosome abnormalities are known to be responsible for many POF cases but the effect of sex chromosome low level mosaicism on ovarian function still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and type of cytogenetic abnormalities as well as low-level sex chromosome mosaicism in Egyptian females with POF.

Results

The present study recruited thirty women with POF and thirty women with normal reproductive history as a control group. Conventional cytogenetic analysis was carried out on POF patients in order to detect cytogenetic abnormalities. FISH on interphase and metaphase nuclei from patients with normal karyotype as well as from thirty control women with normal reproductive history was performed using X, Y, and 18 centromeric probes to evaluate low-level sex chromosome mosaicism. Conventional cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes demonstrated chromosomal aberrations in 7 cases. FISH revealed that the rate of X chromosome mosaicism was significantly higher in POF patients than in the control group.

Conclusion

We concluded that X chromosome abnormalities including low level mosaicism may be underlying the pathology of POF as increased mosaicism may lead to accelerated oocyte aging and premature follicular atresia.
Federal Reclamation and the American West in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Pisani Donald J.
Published: March 2022

"Federal Reclamation and the American West in the Twentieth Century" looks at four phases in the history of the Bureau of Reclamation. The first phase lasted from the adoption of the Reclamation Act of 1902 into the 1930s. In those years, the bureau attempted to create small family farms by bringing water to the desert lands of the West. That effort failed, in part because farming was becoming less attractive in the United States during the early decades of the 20th century, in part because irrigation was too expensive, and in part because the bureau made many mistakes in administering the 30 projects it created. A second phase of the bureau’s life began in the 1930s, with the "high dam era." From 1930 into the 1950s, the bureau’s mission became inconsistent as it strived to serve a new constituency, city dwellers and industries on the Pacific Coast, at the same time it continued to push the family farm. The bureau entered a third phase of life after World War II, when the power it generated became identified with winning the Cold War against the Soviet Union and agribusiness eclipsed the family farm in the West. Finally, once big dams began to look too expensive and like "old technology," the bureau recreated itself into an agency which now claims to work in the interest of protecting the environment and serving as the West’s "water broker." The Bureau of Reclamation, which has done as much as any federal agency to build the modern American West, has shown an amazing ability to pursue inconsistent objectives and to recreate itself.
Unemployment Insurance as a Worker Indiscipline Device? Evidence from Scanner Data
Authors: Lusher Lester , Schnorr Geoffrey C. , Taylor Rebecca L.C.
Published: March 2022

We provide causal evidence of an ex ante moral hazard effect of unemployment insurance (UI ) by matching plausibly exogenous changes in UI benefit duration across state-weeks during the Great Recession to high-frequency productivity measures from individual supermarket cashiers. Estimating models with date and cashier-register fixed effects, we identify a modest but statistically significant negative relationship between UI benefits and worker productivity. This effect is strongest for more experienced and less productive cashiers, for whom UI expansions are especially relevant. Additional analyses from the American Time Use Survey reveal a similar increase in shirking during periods with increased UI benefit durations. (JEL D82, E32, J22, J24, J65, L81)
The Rising Return to Noncognitive Skill
Authors: Edin Per-Anders , Fredriksson Peter , Nybom Martin , Öckert Björn
Published: March 2022

This paper uses administrative data from Sweden to document trends in the labor market returns to skills. Between 1992 and 2013, the economic return to noncognitive skill—a psychologist-assessed measure of teamwork and leadership skill—roughly doubled. The return to cognitive skill was relatively stable and decreased modestly during the 2000s, however. Among men with similar levels of education, the return to noncognitive skill is higher than the return to cognitive skill. The increasing return to noncognitive skill is driven by changes at the top of the wage distribution and by sorting into higher-paying occupations. (JEL I26, J24, J31)
Evaluation of pediatric flatfoot treatment results with new type of implant
Authors: Kwiatkowski Michał , Guszczyn Tomasz , Hermanowicz Adam , Borkowska Karolina , Grajewska Anna , Krasowska Dominika , Rysiak Edyta
Published: March 2022

Wstęp i cel:

Od wielu lat poszukiwane są optymalne sposoby leczenia stopy płasko-koślawej. Podsumowując najnowsze doniesienia medyczne coraz częściej metodą z wyboru przy zaburzeniach dynamicznych są zabiegi małoinwazyjne polegające na podparciu i stabilizacji przemieszczonej kości skokowej za pomocą implantu wprowadzonego do zatoki stępu. Celem pracy jest ocena wyników leczenia stopy płasko-koślawej w dwóch grupach pacjentów operowanych z użyciem różnych typów implantu.

Materiały i metody:

Badaniem objętych zostało 120 pacjentów, leczonych z powodu stopy płasko-koślawej. U wszystkich dzieci zastosowano stabilizację kości skokowej przy pomocy tytanowego implantu wprowadzonego do zatoki stępu. Pacjenci zostali podzieleni na 2 grupy badawcze zgodnie z rodzajem zastosowanego implantu. Pacjentów zbadano klinicznie, wykonano retrospektywną analizę dokumentacji medycznej i obrazów radiologicznych przed- i pooperacyjnych. Chód po korekcji wady został poddany analizie w laboratorium chodu. Porównane zostały obciążenia i nacisk poszczególnych składowych stopy operowanej.

Wyniki:

W badaniu klinicznym zaobserwowano poprawę wyglądu i funkcji stopy w obu grupach. Na obrazach radiologicznych pooperacyjnych u ok 78% pacjentów wynik pomiarowy kątów mieścił się w granicy normy. W obu grupach obciążenia i nacisk poszczególnych składowych stóp operowanych uzyskały znaczącą poprawę, nie wykazano różnic.

Wnioski:

Korekcja stopy płasko-koślawej u dzieci przy pomocy implantu poprawia kosmetykę stopy, wpływa na zmniejszenie dolegliwości bólowych. Wydłużenie rozcięgna mięśnia brzuchatego u części przypadków jest zabiegiem niezbędnym i znacząco wpływa na poprawę ruchomości stopy oraz efekt końcowy.
Evaluation of the usability of a new ITG instrument to measure hard and soft governance maturity
Authors: Smits Daniel , Van Hillegersberg Jos
Published: March 2022

IT governance (ITG) has stayed a challenging matter for years. Research suggests the existence of a gap between theoretical frameworks and practice. Although current ITG research is largely focused on hard governance (structure, processes), soft governance (behavior, collaboration) is equally important and might be crucial to close the gap. The goal of this study is to evaluate the usability of a new ITG maturity instrument that covers hard and soft ITG in detail. We conducted ten case studies and evaluated the instrument positively on usability; but feedback also revealed that the assessment questions needed improvements. We demonstrate that combining the instrument with structured interviews results in an enhanced and usable instrument to determine an organization’s current level of hard and soft ITG. We conclude that this new instrument demonstrates a way to reduce the mismatch between ITG maturity theory and practice.
Does Losing Lead to Winning? An Empirical Analysis for Four Sports
Authors: Klein Teeselink Bouke , van den Assem Martijn J. , van Dolder Dennie
Published: March 2022

Berger and Pope (2011) show that being slightly behind increases the likelihood of winning in professional (National Basketball Association; NBA) and collegiate (National Collegiate Athletic Association; NCAA) basketball. We extend their analysis to large samples of Australian football, American football, and rugby matches, but find no evidence of such an effect for these three sports. When we revisit the phenomenon for basketball, we only find supportive evidence for NBA matches from the period analyzed in Berger and Pope (2011) . There is no significant effect for NBA matches from outside this sample period, for NCAA matches, or for matches from the Women’s National Basketball Association. High-powered meta-analyses across the different sports and competitions do not reject the null hypothesis of no effect of being slightly behind on winning. The confidence intervals suggest that the true effect, if existent at all, is likely relatively small.

This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: The authors acknowledge support fromthe Dutch Research Council.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4372 .
Recent insights into catheter-related urinary tract infections
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: March 2022

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly develop in people with urinary catheters. Inserting a catheter can damage the urothelial barrier and trigger the formation of a biofilm on the catheter that allows bacteria direct access to the bladder. Biofilms also protect bacteria from the immune system and reduce antibiotic effectiveness. In addition, a growing literature suggests that the urinary tract harbours bacteria even in people with negative conventional cultures. The urinary microbiome is highly individual. Nevertheless, changes in the urinary microbiome may identify individuals at risk of UTIs and, for example, suggest that a catheter should be replaced more frequently and, in turn, avoid the need for antibiotics. This article outlines the importance of biofilms in the development of catheter-related UTIs and introduces the urinary microbiome.
Preparation for traumatic events prior to exposure for service personnel
Authors: Griffith Kristin A , Lewis Frances Marcus , Alzawad Zainab
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Military personnel, first responders and health professionals on the front line of service are at risk of being exposed to non-mutable traumatic events. However, their professional education and training do not typically include ways to minimise their distress caused by witnessing a future trauma. The purpose of this scoping systematic review is to analyse the impact of intervention studies on measures of psychobehavioural adjustment to exposure to a future traumatic event.

Materials and methods:

A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library plus a hand search of five journals, including Military Medicine and Journal of Trauma.

Results:

A total of 100 articles from an initial pool of 15 306 were assessed for inclusion on criteria and 10 manuscripts meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Interventions focused on combating stress, relaxation techniques, resilience training, psychological skills training, preventing psychological morbidity or post-traumatic stress disorder, and stress management skills.

Conclusions:

Only 50% of the interventions significantly changed any outcomes. Studies had multiple methodological limitations including a limited number of training hours, trial bias, statistically underpowered designs, short follow-up periods and using inconsistent methods and measures to assessed impact. The paucity of preparatory intervention studies shows there is an urgent need for future research.
Ultra-broadband perfect absorber using triple-layer nanofilm in a
long-wave near-infrared regime
Authors: Kuang Kaili , Wang Qiao , Yuan Xiaomin , Yu Li , Liang Yuzhang , Zhang Yang , Peng Wei
Published: March 2022

Plasmonic absorbers have received considerable attention because of their promising
applications in solar cells, controllable thermal emission, and
infrared detection. Most proposed plasmonic absorbers are fabricated
with a precisely designed surface-pattern, which require complex
manufacturing process and are costly. Herein, we propose a simple
plasmonic absorber composed of a triple-layer

T
i

/

S
i
O

2

/

T
i
N

nanosystem. The maximal absorption
reaches 99.8% from 1554 nm to 1565 nm, and an average absorption of
95.3% is achieved in the long-wave near-infrared range (from 1100 nm
to 2500 nm). The synergistic effect of the upper surface plasmon
resonance and the Fabry–Perot resonance in the

T
i

/

S
i
O

2

/

T
i
N

cause the high absorption.
Additionally, the effects of the incident angle, polarization state,
structural materials, and geometric parameters on the absorption
performance are investigated in detail. The proposed near-infrared
absorber has potential application prospects in solar collectors,
thermal emitters, and solar cells, owing to its high absorption,
ultra-broadband bandwidth, insensitivity to incident angle and
polarization state, low cost, and simple preparation process.
Internal phase control of coherent fiber laser array without ambiguous phase based on double wavelength detection
Authors: Chang Hongxiang , Su Rongtao , Chang Qi , Long Jinhu , Ma Pengfei , Ma Yanxing , Zhou Pu
Published: March 2022

High-power fiber lasers have been widely utilized in manufacturing, medical care, and many other fields. Due to mode instability, nonlinear effects, and so on, the output power of a monolithic fiber laser is limited. Coherent beam combining (CBC) of fiber lasers is a promising way to obtain higher output power. An all-fiber CBC structure with internal phase detection has a compact construction and potential for a larger fiber laser array. For the existing internal active phase control of an all-fiber structure,

π

phase ambiguity always occurs because of double passing the fiber path. Additional compensation is needed under this condition, and the compactness of the system will decrease. In this paper, internal phase control of an all-fiber structure based on double wavelength detection without

π

-ambiguity is proposed. By adding a beacon laser with a different wavelength, phase locking of a coherent fiber laser array can be achieved internally without

π

-ambiguity. A corresponding math model is established, and a phase matched condition is derived. The spectral width of the beacon laser is analyzed, and the result shows that it can reach tens of nanometers with a proper optical path difference. Simulations of seven, 19, and 37 beams are carried out, and the results show that the structure proposed in this paper has the ability to achieve phase control with good robustness. The control bandwidth in the simulation is better than 1 kHz. By properly designing elements, the structure is expected to achieve high-power CBC of an all-fiber structure experimentally.
High-angular-resolution interferometric backscatter meter
Authors: Wąs M. , Polini E.
Published: March 2022

Backscatter limits many interferometric measurements, including gravitational wave detectors, by creating spurious interference. We describe an experimental method to directly and quantitatively measure the backscatter interference. We derive and verify experimentally a relation between backscatter interference, beam radius, and the scattering sample bidirectional reflectance distribution function. We also demonstrate that our method is able to measure backscatter from high-quality optics for angles as low as

500

μ

r
a
d

with an angular resolution of

160

μ

r
a
d

.
Authoritative parenting stimulates academic achievement, also partly via self-efficacy and intention towards getting good grades
Authors: Hayek Joyce , Schneider Francine , Lahoud Nathalie , Tueni Maya , de Vries Hein
Published: March 2022

Background

The aim of this prospective study is to examine how parenting style relates to academic achievement of Lebanese adolescents and test the mediating effect of self-efficacy and intention towards getting good grades. Potential moderation by demographic factors (age, gender, school type, religion and parents’ education) was also examined.

Methods

Students (n = 345) from private and public schools in Mount Lebanon and Beirut area, aged between 15 and 18, participated in a two-wave longitudinal study and completed a self-administered questionnaire based on the I-Change Model assessing socio-demographics (age, gender, school type, parents’ education, family structure, religion), socio-cognitive factors (attitude, social norms, self-efficacy, intention), parenting styles and academic achievement. Adolescent were surveyed at two time points, six months apart. A multiple linear regression was carried out to identify baseline factors independently associated with academic achievement 6 months later. Moderation was examined using Hayes’s SPSS macro PROCESS. A serial mediation model was employed to test for the sequential mediating effect of self-efficacy and intention between parenting style and academic achievement.

Results

Authoritative parenting was prospectively associated with better academic achievement and higher self-efficacy and intention at 6 months follow up. In addition, self-efficacy and intention towards getting good grades were found to mediate the relationship of parenting style to academic achievement. Adolescents who perceive their parents as authoritative are more likely to develop high efficacy beliefs and higher intention and subsequently are more likely to achieve better in school compared to peers of neglectful parents. Socio-demographics did not moderate the effect of parenting on academic achievement.

Conclusion

Authoritative parenting influenced both directly and indirectly the academic achievement of their children. Interventions aiming at improving academic performance of adolescents should also encompass positive parenting style strategies.
Copy number variation of two begomovirus acquired and inoculated by different cryptic species of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci in Okra
Authors: Barman Mritunjoy , Samanta Snigdha , Chakraborty Swati , Samanta Arunava , Tarafdar Jayanta
Published: March 2022

The whitefly,B.tabaciis a major pest of agricultural crops which transmits begomovirus in a species-specific manner. Yellow vein mosaic disease (YVMD) and okra leaf curl disease (OLCD) caused by distinct begomovirus are a major limitation to production of okra in India. In this framework the present investigation reports, for the first time, comparative study of begomovirus species viz. yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) and okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV) ingested and egested by two cryptic species (Asia I and Asia II 5) ofB.tabaciat different time interval using detached leaf assay. A gradual increase of both virus copies were observed with increased feeding exposure in Asia I and Asia II 5. Both the genetic groups of whitefly could acquire the viruses within just 5 minutes of active feeding however, a significant amount of variation was noted in virus uptake by the both. At 24 hours of active feeding Asia II 5 acquired more of YVMV whereas, Asia I ingested more OELCuV. Similarly, the genetic group acquiring higher titre of virus egested higher amount during inoculation period. On the whole, it can be presumed that Asia I is a more effective transmitter of OELCuV whereas, Asia II 5 of YVMV further suggesting increased risk of virus pandemics (both YVMV and OELCuV) in regions where Asia I and Asia II 5 is dominant.
What is the political power of design?
Authors: Muratovski Gjoko
Published: March 2022

In conversation with Steven Heller
Syntax Acquisition in Early Childhood Through Flash-Cards
Authors: Fadilah Utami  , Dewangga Stevanus , Aghnaita Aghnaita , Hidayati Sri
Published: March 2022

Purpose – Syntax acquisition is a gradual language level and essential language ability that determine childhood academic ability. The syntax needs to be stimulated in various ways. One of them is using flash-card games. This research aims to describe syntax acquisition in childhood through flash-cards.Design/methods/approach – This research method is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques through observations and interviews. This research’s subject is a six-year-old child with the initials HN.Findings – HN’s syntactic acquisition through flash-card has developed according to his development and age. Language development in syntax that HN obtains includes aspects of understanding and expressing language. HN syntax acquisition is also influenced by two factors that are natural and environmental.Research implications/limitations – This research is a limited mini-research performed on 1 study subject for two months. As for the flash-cards used, there are only ten kinds of flash-cards.Practical implications – This research is expected to be helpful as a reference regarding the stimulation of early childhood syntactic abilities through flash-cards. Academics and practitioners can develop various activities other for increasing syntax ability or developing flash-cards games that are more interesting and fun to be used for learning in childhood.Originality/value – This study still has limitations in taking the data. Therefore, the researcher hopes to conduct research with no limitations for the next.

Paper type: Research paper
Potenciación de los aprendizajes de las ciencias naturales utilizando la realidad aumentada como estrategia didáctica
Authors: Mendoza Fuentes Carmelo Antonio
Published: March 2022

La Realidad Aumentada es una herramienta tecnológica capaz de permear en distintos campos sociales y ocupa un lugar importante en la educación desarrollando aplicaciones con información fundamental sobre temas de estudio en el aula y promoviendo un interés en los estudiantes por aprender. Esto provoca interés en los estudiantes, lo que hace pertinente la propuesta de imple-mentar recursos en Realidad Aumentada RA para ser aplicados en el aula. En algunas Instituciones educativas como Lacides C. Bersal de Lorica, la ausencia de la aplicación de las tecnologías en la pedagogía, es un aspecto que está incidiendo negativamente en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La presente investigación busca, fundamentalmente, motivar en los estudiantes el aprendizaje de la anatomía humana aumentada para adelantar estudios en el área de ciencias na-turales en estudiantes de grado 7º1 en la Institución Educativa Lacides C, Bersal de Lorica. Se ob-tuvo resultados positivos en la aceptación de la metodología por parte de los estudiantes y un alto nivel de rendimiento en las competencias evaluadas durante el desarrollo del estudio. Llevando a una conclusión fundamentada de que las aplicaciones diseñadas en realidad aumentada ayudan a mejorar las estrategias pedagógicas de planeación docente, despertando el interés de estudio en los estudiantes acrecentando significativamente sus conocimientos.
Possession Disorder in Makassar Indonesia
Authors: Siswanto Siswanto , Subandi Subandi , Paramastri Ira , Khumas Asniar
Published: March 2022

This study discusses the occurrence of possession disorders in Makassar. The method used is a qualitative grounded theory method with data collection using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The participants were three women, each of whom had experienced at least two possession disorders. The criteria for possession disorder refer to PPDGJ III. The results indicated that parenting, the role of the father figure, and the relationship with the mother, as well as the transmission of abusive religious beliefs were more likely the causes of possession disorders in the Makassar/Indonesian context. The abuse experienced is more related to parenting patterns than physical or sexual abuse as appears in the Western literature. Future research that deepens parenting themes and religious beliefs is important to understand the occurrence of other psychopathologies besides possession disorders.
The Emergence of Interculturalism
Authors: Gamarra Laura
Published: March 2022

As the inter-connected, socially dynamic world we live in turns amongst a pandemic, people and communities have returned to a “new normal”, while applying the lessons learned in the last year.  Intercultural relationships are a vital part of this new world, and scholars everywhere are examining the cultural, racial, ethnic, religious, and other social aspects of various nations and regions of the globe, in an effort to better understand the effects of this collective evolution.
Migration and community in Bronze Age Orkney: innovation and continuity at the Links of Noltland
Authors: Moore Hazel , Wilson Graeme , Ni Challanain Mairead , McCormick Maeve , Marshall Peter D. , Dulias Katharina , Foody M. George B. , Justeau Pierre , Pala Maria , Richards Martin B. , Edwards Ceiridwen J.
Published: March 2022

The remarkable archaeological record of Neolithic Orkney has ensured that these islands play a prominent role in narratives of European late prehistory, yet knowledge of the subsequent Bronze Age is comparatively poor. The Bronze Age settlement and cemetery at the Links of Noltland, on the island of Westray, offers new evidence, including aDNA, that points to a substantial population replacement between the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age. Focusing on funerary practice, the authors argue for interconnecting identities centred on household and community, patrilocality and inheritance. The findings prompt a reconsideration of the Orcadian Bronze Age, with wider implications for population movement and the uptake of cultural innovations more widely across prehistoric north-western Europe.
Diocletian’s “imperial court” in Doclea
Authors: Turković Tin
Published: March 2022

The aim of the paper is the re-examination of the “forum” of late antique Doclea (Dioclea), the interpretation of which has never been finished, although so information been collated during the past 131 years. Through re-examination of the complex with its distinctive features this paper offers answers on some of the still unresolved issues. A primary issue was to resolve who was responsible for its arrangement. After an onomastic analysis only one conclusion asserted itself - the “forum complex” could only have been erected by the Emperor Diocletian, who was obviously responsible for the rearrangement of the whole town of Doclea (Dioclea), his hometown. Further analysis of the concept, architectural arrangement and vocabulary used in the “forum” and adjoining “basilica” only corroborate that it was precisely Diocletian and his “architectural school”. Without a doubt, the Doclean (Dioclean) “forum complex” was innovative and original in many ways, along with its importance as an “imperial forum”, the “Diocletian’s imperial court”, will remain in the collective memory of the Montenegrins for centuries to come. The paper also represents an effort to clarify Diocletian’s background and the “modus operandi” of his “architectural school” whose presence in Doclea (Dioclea)has already been noticed.
Đuro Tiljak i Krsto Hegedušić: skica za povijest jednog (ne) prijateljstva kroz prizmu odnosa prema socijalno angažiranoj umjetnosti
Authors: Hanaček Ivana
Published: March 2022

Na temelju arhivskih izvora i dosadašnjih studija u radu se analizira odnos Krste Hegedušića i Đure Tiljka kroz prizmu njihovih teorijskih doprinosa socijalno angažiranoj umjetnosti u Hrvatskoj u razdoblju od 1932. do 1950. godine. Uzimajući u obzir kronologiju sukoba na književnoj ljevici, ali i točke ideoloških razilaženja dvojice umjetnika, u njihovu odnosu moguće je razlučiti dvije faze. Prva faza, razdoblje suradnje, traje od 1932. do 1934. godine, a obilježavaju je zajednički napori na definiranju hrvatske inačice socijalno angažirane umjetnosti. U razdoblju razilaženja i konačnog prekida suradnje, od 1934. pa do 1950., oba umjetnika sudjeluju u javnim raspravama o pitanju socijalističkog realizma i normativne umjetnosti, ali priklonjeni suprotstavljenim taborima: Tiljak zastupa harkovsku liniju, dok se Hegedušić opredijelio za Krležinu kritiku normativne estetike. Napetost u njihovu odnosu kulminira 1950. godine otvorenim sukobom dvojice umjetnika, na koji su utjecale i turbulentne političke okolnosti prouzročene donošenjem Rezolucije Informbiroa i isključivanjem Jugoslavije iz zajednice komunističkih zemalja.