bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomy, emplacement and evolution of a shallow-level, post-tectonic laccolith: the Mt Disappointment pluton, SE Australia
Authors: Clemens J.D. , Benn K.
Published: August 2010

The Late Devonian, high-level, post-orogenic Mt Disappointment pluton was emplaced as a nested laccolith. Field observations and magnetic fabric (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility) data show that the monzogranitic to granodioritic magmas entered the pluton from a central, linear feeder. The first set of magmas solidified to a non-megacrystic unit and the second to a unit carrying K-feldspar megacrysts. Emplacement was accommodated partly by uplift of the overburden on brittle marginal faults. The magmas were produced through mid- to deep crustal (<600 MPa) partial melting of a source containing both ‘igneous' and ‘sedimentary' rocks, possibly a package of volcaniclastic and aluminous metagreywackes. The spectrum of magma compositions was not formed through any differentiation or magma mixing process. At the source, the melt compositions varied as a result of mixing between liquids derived from the two main source rocks, with variations in the amount of plagioclase component that entered the melt. The degree of entrainment of peritectic orthopyroxene and ilmenite appears to have controlled the Fe, Mg and Ti contents of the magma batches. A variety of evidence suggests that magma withdrawal from the protolith was rapid and episodic. The magma batches so formed were emplaced into the growing pluton essentially without further chemical evolution.
Emeishan large igneous province (SW China) and the mantle-plume up-doming hypothesis
Authors: Ali Jason R. , Fitton J.Godfrey , Herzberg Claude
Published: August 2010

The Middle Permian (
c
. 262 Ma) Emeishan Basalt Formation of SW China is a commonly cited example of a large igneous province (LIP) that formed as a result of a deep-mantle plume impinging on the base of the lithosphere and generating large regional-scale up-doming prior to volcanism. Recently, however, this assertion has been challenged on the grounds that some lava flows close to the centre of the LIP were erupted in a submarine setting. Here we analyse all the available biolithostratigraphical, petrological, geochemical and volcanological information and show that this supports the idea that the terrain was generated by a plume that originated in the mantle. Emeishan basalt magma melted from a hot mantle source with trace element contents that are similar to the source of Icelandic and intraplate ocean island basalts. However, the amount and lateral extent of uplift is significantly less than is predicted by conventional deep-mantle plume models. We conclude that large-scale doming is not a diagnostic feature of mantle plumes; surface topography can be greatly influenced by the type of lower mantle plume (thermal or thermochemical), how it passes through the transition zone, and how it interacts with the lithosphere.
Testing the validity of organic and inorganic thermal indicators in different tectonic settings from continental subduction to collision: the case history of the Calabria–Lucania border (southern Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Corrado S. , Invernizzi C. , Aldega L. , D'Errico M. , Di Leo P. , Mazzoli S. , Zattin M.
Published: August 2010

This paper investigates the applicability of organic and inorganic thermal parameters in a range of thermal conditions, from diagenesis to epizone, and in HP–LT settings within the framework of continental subduction and exhumation in the southern Apennines, where independent thermobarometric constraints are available. Two juxtaposed tectonic units, the HP–LT Lungro–Verbicaro Unit (in the hanging wall) and the non-metamorphic Pollino–Ciagola Unit (in the footwall) have been analysed. For the Lungro–Verbicaro Unit, clay mineral thermal parameters and vitrinite reflectance underestimate metamorphic conditions (constrained by petrology), suggesting that, in relatively HP units, these indicators are ‘retarded' and strongly depend on
P
–
T
evolution through time. On the other hand, the K-white mica
b
cell dimension provides a robust estimate of peak pressure. Fluid inclusion textures indicate a fast isothermal decompression during exhumation. Two-phase inclusions from early stage syntectonic veins were trapped after isothermal exhumation at a pressure of 0.3 GPa. For the Pollino–Ciagola Unit, the correlation of analysed parameters effectively unravels the thermal evolution, with maximum palaeotemperatures of
c
. 150 °C. Apatite fission tracks provide details of the final stages of exhumation, indicating that both units were coherently exhumed in the Late Miocene, following the tectonic emplacement of the Lungro–Verbicaro Unit on top of the Pollino–Ciagola Unit.

Supplementary material:

X-ray diffraction data (whole-rock composition, quantitative analysis of the <2 μm grain-size fraction, mica polytypes, illite content in mixed layer illite–smectite (I–S), Kübler and Árkai data, and
b
cell dimension) are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18416
.
Pb–Pb age, stable isotope and chemical composition of Archaean magnesite, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa
Authors: Toulkeridis T. , Peucker-Ehrenbrink B. , Clauer N. , Kröner A. , Schidlowski M. , Todt W.
Published: August 2010

Trace-element, carbon, oxygen and lead-isotope analyses were carried out to determine the formation mode and crystallization age of magnesite from the Budd ultramafic complex of the Archaean Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. Its significantly high Ti contents probably relate to a soluble Ti-rich accessory mineral, probably dissolved during magnesite precipitation. Primitive mantle-normalized REE patterns of the magnesite show negative Ce and Eu anomalies induced by two events: (1) the Eu anomaly indicates reducing conditions probably induced by the emplacement of the ultramafic source rock; (2) the Ce anomaly implies oxidizing conditions, probably during a hydrothermal event that favoured the precipitation of magnesite in veins of the rock. This Ce anomaly is among the oldest in Earth history. Negative δ
13
C (−2.9 to −3.3‰ PDB) and high δ
18
O (30.5–31.2‰ SMOW) suggest low-temperature precipitation in a near-surface Kraubath-type epithermal system. The magnesite contains considerable amounts of radiogenic lead (
206
Pb/
204
Pb is 125.5–153.7 and
207
Pb/
204
Pb is 41.3–47.7). The resulting Pb–Pb age of 3043 ± 59 Ma is interpreted as dating a hydrothermal event related to the extensive plutonism episode that has been reported in the Barberton area at about 3.1 Ga. Previous models that proposed formation of the magnesite under recent climatic conditions can be discarded.
Milankovitch-scale palynological turnover across the Triassic–Jurassic transition at St. Audrie's Bay, SW UK
Authors: Bonis Nina R. , Ruhl Micha , Kürschner Wolfram M.
Published: August 2010

A high-resolution palynological study of the Triassic–Jurassic boundary in the St. Audrie's Bay section revealed a palynofloral transition interval with four pronounced spore peaks in the Lilstock Formation. Regular cyclic increases in palynomorph concentrations can be linked with periods of increased runoff, and correspond to the orbital eccentricity cycle. Spore peaks can be related to precession-induced variations in monsoon strength. An implication is that the initial carbon isotope excursion lasted for at least 20 ka. Emergence during deposition of the Cotham Member had an influence on one of the peaks, which is dominated by spore-producing pioneer plants (e.g. horsetails and liverworts). There is no compelling evidence of a global end-Triassic spore spike that, by analogy with the K–T boundary fern spike, could be related to a catastrophic mass extinction event. Climate change is a more plausible mechanism to explain the increased amount of spores.

Supplementary material:

An alphabetical list of palynomorphs identified in the St. Audrie's Bay section is available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18406
.
A Laurentian provenance for the Dalradian rocks of north Mayo, Ireland, and evidence for an original basement–cover contact with the underlying Annagh Gneiss Complex
Authors: McAteer Claire A. , Daly J.Stephen , Flowerdew Michael J. , Whitehouse Martin J. , Kirkland Chris L.
Published: August 2010

Metasediments of the early Dalradian Grampian Group (Erris Group) and probable equivalents (Inishkea Division) structurally overlie Palaeoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic Annagh Gneiss Complex orthogneisses in NW Mayo, Ireland. Sm–Nd isotopic data suggest a Palaeoproterozoic source for the metasediments. K-feldspar and granitoid clasts from the Doonamo Formation, Erris Group, record U–Pb zircon ages of
c
. 1740 Ma and
c
. 980 Ma, respectively. These ages are within error of the
c
. 1730–1750 Ma Mullet gneisses and
c
. 990 Ma Grenvillian migmatitic leucosomes in the underlying Annagh Gneiss Complex. U–Pb detrital zircon data reveal that the Erris Group was deposited after
c
. 955 Ma, with predominant input from
c
. 1640,
c
. 1500 and
c
. 990 Ma interpreted Laurentian sources (Labradorian, Pinwarian and Grenvillian terranes, respectively). Limited detrital zircon data from the Inishkea Division yield similarly aged detritus and a tentative maximum depositional age of
c
. 1005 Ma. Correlation of both sequences with the Scottish Dalradian Grampian Group is considered valid based on detrital zircon U–Pb and whole-rock Sm–Nd data. The clast ages support the hypothesis that the Dalradian unconformably overlies the Annagh Gneiss Complex in north Mayo, whereas the detrital zircon data imply more distal Laurentian sources. Dalradian deposition is thereby tied to the margins of Laurentia.

Supplementary material:

U–Pb zircon (secondary ion mass spectrometry) data and descriptions of dated zircon grains are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18414
.
Constraining the post-emplacement evolution of the Hebridean Igneous Province (HIP) using low-temperature thermochronology: how long has the HIP been cool?
Authors: Dobson Katherine J. , Stuart Finlay M. , Dempster Tim J.
Published: August 2010

The thermal history of the Hebridean Igneous Province has been determined through the application of low-temperature thermochronology to the four central complexes in the province. The zircon (U–Th)/He age (59.4 ± 3.3 Ma, 1σ,
n
= 18) and the ages from each complex (60.7 ± 2.3 Ma for Skye; 58.0 ± 0.4 Ma for Mull; 55.9 ± 3.2 Ma for Ardnamurchan; 55.6 ± 2.7 Ma for Rum) are indistinguishable from the crystallization ages. Apatite fission-track ages (61.2–57.2 Ma, mean of 59.3 ± 3.4 Ma) from the major plutonic units also overlap crystallization ages, implying that on a regional scale the Hebridean Igneous Province cooled rapidly to near-surface temperatures immediately after emplacement. However, apatite fission-track ages and track lengths and apatite (U–Th)/He ages from some small-volume intrusions in the Skye and Rum central complexes identify localized mid-Eocene (45–47 Ma) cooling. Forward and inverse modelling suggests a discrete heating–cooling event at
c
. 47 Ma, which may have been caused by structurally controlled localized advection of heat above shallow emplacement. This is the first suggestion of Eocene magmatism in the Hebridean Igneous Province.
Redistribution of the lithosphere deformation by the emplacement of underplated mafic bodies: implications for microcontinent formation
Authors: Yamasaki Tadashi , Gernigon Laurent
Published: August 2010

Sedimentary basin migration and microcontinent formation could be the result of deformation redistribution, in which the emplacement of an underplated mafic body (UPMB) may play an important role. In this study, a 2D finite-element model is used to examine the redistribution of the deformation that can be triggered by a UPMB. It is shown that three modes of deformation redistribution can exist: (1) a shift-completed mode where the deformation is completely redistributed into the newly weakened region; (2) a transition mode where the deformation is redistributed, but extension is accommodated by thinning in both regions; (3) a shift-failed mode where the deformation is not redistributed. Whether or not the deformation is redistributed depends on the configuration of the UPMB and on the initial rheological heterogeneity in the initially deformed region. However, it becomes difficult for any UPMB to initiate the redistribution of the deformation once the stretching factor in the first deformed region exceeds a critical value. The microcontinent formations observed in the Indian Ocean, in the Norwegian–Greenland Sea, in the Red Sea–Afar region and in the western Mediterranean are particularly discussed in relation to the transition mode, providing some important geodynamic implications.
Larval Feeding Habits of the Cuban Endemic FireflyAlecton discoidalisLaporte (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
Authors: Madruga Rios Ormaily , Hernández Quinta Maike
Published: August 2010

AlectonLaporte, 1833, with four known species is the only firefly genus endemic to Cuba.Alecton discoidalisLaporte, 1833, is its most common species, distributed in the western half of the country. Unfortunately, much of its life history remains unknown, as with the rest of Cuban representatives of the family Lampyridae. Larvae are associated with adults ofA. discoidalisthrough rearing, and observations on larval feeding habits of this species are presented. Thirteen species belonging to seven gastropod families are reported for the first time as prey ofA. discoidalislarvae. Our data suggest that these are generalist predators of terrestrial snails. A remarkably close association exists between this lampyrid and operculate species of snails. The later represents the most abundant and diverse group of molluscs in limestone landscapes, where the beetles are commonly found.
A Numerical Study of the Impact of Radial Baffles in Solid Bowl Centrifuges Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Romaní Fernández Xiana , Nirschl Hermann
Published: August 2010

Centrifugal separation equipment, such as solid bowl centrifuges, is used to carry out an effective separation of fine particles from industrial fluids. Knowledge of the streams and sedimentation behavior inside solid bowl centrifuges is necessary to determine the geometry and the process parameters that lead to an optimal performance. Regarding a given industrial centrifuge geometry, a grid was built to calculate numerically the multiphase flow of water, air, and particles with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The effect of internal radial baffles on the multiphase flow was investigated. The results show that the baffles are helpful for the acceleration of the fluid, but they disturb the axial boundary layer, making it irregular, and originate a secondary circulating flow which hinders the sedimentation of small particles.
Erratum to "Fixed Points of Maps of a Nonaspherical Wedge"
Authors: Kim Seungwon , Brown RobertF , Ericksen Adam , Khamsemanan Nirattaya , Merrill Keith
Published: August 2010

In the original paper, it was assumed that a selfmap of "Equation missing", the wedge of a real projective space "Equation missing" and a circle "Equation missing", is homotopic to a map that takes "Equation missing" to itself. An example is presented of a selfmap of "Equation missing" that fails to have this property. However, all the results of the paper are correct for maps of the pair "Equation missing".
Construction and Characterization of a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library for the A‐Genome of Cotton (G. arboreum L.)
Authors: Hu Yan , Lu Yamin , Ma Dan , Guo Wangzhen , Zhang Tianzhen
Published: August 2010

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for the A‐genome of cotton has been constructed from the leaves of G. arboreum L cv. Jianglinzhongmian. It is used as elite A‐genome germplasm resources in the present cotton breeding program and has been used to build a genetic reference map of cotton. The BAC library consists of 123,648 clones stored in 322 384‐well plates. Statistical analysis of a set of 103 randomly selected BAC clones indicated that each clone has an average insert length of 100.2 kb per plasmid, with a range of 30 to 190 kb. Theoretically, this represents 7.2 haploid genome equivalents based on an A‐genome size of 1697 Mb. The BAC library has been arranged in column pools and superpools allowing screening with various PCR‐based markers. In the future, the A‐genome cotton BAC library will serve as both a giant gene resource and a valuable tool for map‐based gene isolation, physical mapping and comparative genome analysis.
Major haemorrhage related to surgery in patients with type 1 and possible type 1 von Willebrand disease
Authors: Blanco Alicia , Chuit Roberto , Meschengieser Susana , Kempfer Ana , Farías Cristina , Lazzari María , Woods Adriana
Published: August 2010

Patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) frequently bleed under a challenge. The aim of our study was to identify predictive markers of perioperative major haemorrhage in type 1 (VWF:RCo = 15–30 IU dl-1) and possible type 1 (VWF:RCo = 31–49 IU dl-1)VWD patients. We recorded perioperative bleeding complications previous to diagnosis and laboratory parameters in 311 patients with 498 surgical procedures. The patients were grouped according to the absence (A) or presence (B) of perioperative major haemorrhages. Eighty-one patients (26%) and 87 surgical procedures (17.5%) presented major haemorrhages associated with surgeries. There was no difference between the percentage of type 1 and possible type 1 VWD patients who had major haemorrhages (32.6% and 24.8% respectively; p=ns). No difference in the prevalence of O blood group, age, gender, positive family history and laboratory test results (FVIII and VWF) was observed, independent of the haemorrhagic tendency. Bleeding after tooth extraction was the most frequent clinical feature observed in patients with perioperative major haemorrhages. The bleeding score and the number of bleeding sites (≥3) were not predictors of major haemorrhage associated with surgery. Caesarean section and adenotonsillectomy showed the highest frequency of major haemorrhages (24.6% and 22.3%, respectively). In conclusion, type 1 and possible type 1VWD patients showed similar incidence of perioperative major haemorrhages. Laboratory tests and positive family history did not prove to be effective at predicting major haemorrhages in patients that had either type 1 or possible type 1 VWD. The history of bleeding after tooth extraction could define risk factors of major haemorrhage.
Characterization of platelet-specific mRNA by real-time PCR after laser-assisted microdissection
Authors: Kwapiszewska Grazyna , Prakash Muyal Jai , Lengemann Björn , Bohle Rainer , Fink Ludger , Hölschermann Hans , Santoso Sentot
Published: August 2010

Circulating anucleate platelets contain minute amounts of residual megakaryocytic-derived mRNA. To study cell type-specific gene expression in platelets, an accurate and sensitive method to detect and quantify platelet mRNA that excludes contamination with leukocyte RNA is mandatory. Applying laser-assisted microdissection and manipulation (LMM) we could isolate platelets from hemalaun-stained cytospins under permanent visual control and after laser-photolysis of nucleated blood cells. For mRNA quantification, the platelet-specific mRNAs were subsequently measured by real time RT-PCR. High-copy β3 integrin and low-copy α2 integrin as well as tissue factor (TF) transcripts were analyzed in LMM-harvested platelets. In 91.2% (83/91) β3 integrin was detectable with a mean threshold cycle (CT) value of 32.5 ± 3.2 (≤ 50,000 cells). The low-copy α2 integrin mRNA was positive in 84.4% (38/45) with CT mean value of 36.9 ± 1.3, indicating that the relative expression of α2 integrin mRNA in platelets was about 130 times lower than β3.The TF transcript was undetectable in all samples. Comparing platelet mRNA from LMM isolation to that from limiting dilution series resulted in a high accordance for β3 integrin transcript in both, recovery (91.2% vs. 95.2%) and CT value (32.5 vs.32.8).These results demonstrate that the combination of LMM and real-time RT-PCR is a valuable tool for precise, platelet-specific mRNA analysis without contamination of other cells.
Protective effect of ischaemic preconditioning on ischaemia/reper-fusion-induced microvascular obstruction determined by online measurements of coronary pressure and blood flow in pigs
Authors: Posa Aniko , Pavo Noemi , Hemetsberger Rayyan , Csonka Csaba , Csont Tamas , Ferdinandy Peter , Petrasi Zsolt , Varga Csaba , Pavo Imre , Laszlo jr Ferenc , Huber Kurt , Gyöngyösi Mariann
Published: August 2010

We investigated the protective effect of ischaemic preconditioning (IP) on the maintenance of coronary patency using online measurements of coronary pressures and blood flow in a closed-chest reperfused acute myocardial infarction (MI) model in pigs. Catheter-based 90-min occlusion followed by 60-min reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was performed in anesthetised pigs (MI group). IP was applied (IP group) through two cycles of 5-min occlusion and 5-min reperfusion of the LAD before MI induction. Coronary patency was determined by measurements of coronary wedge pressure, collateral fractional flow reserve (FFRcoll), collateral pressure index (CPI) and absolute coronary blood flow (CBF). Inducible and constitutive nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/cNOS) activities and expressions were determined in the myocardium. Plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO, index of activated leukocytes) and mean platelet volume (MPV, index of activated platelets) were measured. IP resulted in significantly lower levels of MPO (0.52 ± 0.19 vs. 1.05 ± 0.24 U/l, p<0.001) and MPV (9.1 ± 0.6 vs. 9.6 ± 1.0 fl, p=0.04), higher FFRcoll (0.17 ± 0.05 vs. 0.04 ± 0.05, p<0.001), CPI (0.13 ± 0.05 vs. 0.02 ± 0.05, p<0.001) and CBF (70.7 ± 4.2 vs. 50.8 ± 4.8 m/min, p<0.001) post-reperfusion as compared with the MI group. IP resulted in significantly higher cNOS activity and eNOS expression. Significant negative correlation was found between MPO and measures of coronary patency (FFRcoll, CPI and CBF) and cNOS activity. Moreover, cNOS activity correlated significantly with FFRcoll, CPI and CBF. In conclusion, IP attenuates the release of MPO and platelet activation, thereby contributing to the maintenance of vessel patency at microvascular level after reperfusion of the infarct-related artery.
The Roles of Surface-Observation Ensemble Assimilation and Model Complexity for Nowcasting of PBL Profiles: A Factor Separation Analysis
Authors: Rostkier-Edelstein Dorita , Hacker Joshua P.
Published: August 2010

Recent results showed the ability of surface-observation assimilation with a single-column model (SCM) and an ensemble filter (EF) to skillfully estimate the vertical structure of the PBL when only climatological information is provided for initialization and forcing. The present study quantifies the relative benefits of model complexity, compared to surface-observation assimilation, for making 30-min SCM ensemble predictions (nowcasts). The SCM is initialized and forced by timely mesoscale forecasts, making it capable of providing flow-dependent probabilistic very short-range forecasts of PBL profiles wherever surface observations are available. Factor separation (FS) analysis measures the relative contributions to skill from EF surface assimilation compared to selected SCM components: parameterized radiation and objectively scaled horizontal advection. Here, the SCM–EF system is presented and its deterministic skill (as represented by ensemble-mean error) is analyzed with FS. Results show that surface assimilation can more meaningfully contribute to the skill levels of temperature, wind, and mixing-ratio nowcasts than model enhancements under a wide range of flow scenarios. However, in the convective PBL regime surface assimilation can enhance the moist bias often observed in parameterized PBL mixing ratio profiles due to poor covariances estimated from the ensemble. Then, the SCM–EF proves useful in revealing a model deficiency. Externally imposed horizontal advection is required to provide skillful ensemble-mean forecasts when not assimilating surface observations, but can offset the benefit realized from assimilation by quickly sweeping the updated state out of the domain. The radiation scheme has a minor effect on forecast performance. It improves the nowcast surface temperature at night, and can act synergistically with assimilation to improve low-level jet predictions, but the effect above the surface steeply decreases with height. The results suggest that an SCM–EF may be helpful in wind-power and pollutant dispersion applications.
Strategic Deployment of Orthographic Knowledge in Phoneme Detection
Authors: Cutler Anne , Treiman Rebecca , van Ooijen Brit
Published: August 2010

The phoneme detection task is widely used in spoken-word recognition research. Alphabetically literate participants, however, are more used to explicit representations of letters than of phonemes. The present study explored whether phoneme detection is sensitive to how target phonemes are, or may be, orthographically realized. Listeners detected the target sounds [b, m, t, f, s, k] in word-initial position in sequences of isolated English words. Response times were faster to the targets [b, m, t], which have consistent word-initial spelling, than to the targets [f, s, k], which are inconsistently spelled, but only when spelling was rendered salient by the presence in the experiment of many irregularly spelled filler words. Within the inconsistent targets [f, s, k], there was no significant difference between responses to targets in words with more usual ( foam, seed, cattle) versus less usual ( phone , cede, kettle) spellings. Phoneme detection is thus not necessarily sensitive to orthographic effects; knowledge of spelling stored in the lexical representations of words does not automatically become available as word candidates are activated. However, salient orthographic manipulations in experimental input can induce such sensitivity. We attribute this to listeners’ experience of the value of spelling in everyday situations that encourage phonemic decisions (such as learning new names).
Auditory Word Serial Recall Benefits from Orthographic Dissimilarity
Authors: Pattamadilok Chotiga , Lafontaine Hélène , Morais José , Kolinsky Régine
Published: August 2010

The influence of orthographic knowledge has been consistently observed in speech recognition and metaphonological tasks. The present study provides data suggesting that such influence also pervades other cognitive domains related to language abilities, such as verbal working memory. Using serial recall of auditory seven-word lists, we observed that inter-item orthographic dissimilarity assists verbal working memory by reducing or even avoiding the detrimental effect of phonological similarity. However, this orthographic modulation of the phonological similarity effect only occurred at positions four to six of the word list. Performance at position seven benefited from a recency effect that may be assumed to result from a more surface-level (acoustic-phonetic) representation, while better performance at positions one to three is attributable to primacy effects, and can be accounted for in terms of consolidation through recapitulation. The beneficial influence of orthographic knowledge may, therefore, only be apparent when the item stored in short-term memory takes the form of an abstract but unconsolidated phonological representation.
Learning the Phonological Forms of New Words: Effects of Orthographic and Auditory Input
Authors: Hayes-Harb Rachel , Nicol Janet , Barker Jason
Published: August 2010

We investigated the relationship between the phonological and orthographic representations of new words for adult learners. Three groups of native English speakers learned a set of auditorily-presented pseudowords along with pictures indicating their “meanings”. They were later tested on their memory of the words via an auditory word—picture matching test. While all three groups of participants heard the same auditory stimuli and saw the same pictures, the groups differed with respect to the written stimuli that accompanied each item during training. Some participants were presented with written forms for the auditory labels that were consistent with English spelling conventions (e.g., spelled form , auditory form [k m d]), while others saw written forms that were not consistent with English spelling conventions (e.g., spelled form , auditory form [k m d]), and a third group of participants was presented with no written forms. Participants who saw written forms that were not consistent with English spelling conventions showed interference from the words’ spelled forms at test. This finding provides evidence for a relationship between orthographic and phonological representations for newly-learned words.
The power of music: Its impact on the intellectual, social and personal development of children and young people
Authors: Hallam Susan
Published: August 2010

This paper reviews the empirical evidence relating to the effects of active engagement with music on the intellectual, social and personal development of children and young people. It draws on research using the most advanced technologies to study the brain, in addition to quantitative and qualitative psychological and educational studies. It explains how musical skills may transfer to other activities if the processes involved are similar. It explores the evidence relating to the impact of musical skills on language development, literacy, numeracy, measures of intelligence, general attainment, creativity, fine motor co-ordination, concentration, self-confidence, emotional sensitivity, social skills, team work, self-discipline, and relaxation. It suggests that the positive effects of engagement with music on personal and social development only occur if it is an enjoyable and rewarding experience. This has implications for the quality of the teaching.
The preparation of a piano repertoire according to Elliot’s musical knowledge model: Three case studies
Authors: Teixeira dos Santos Regina Antunes , Hentschke Liane
Published: August 2010

In academic education, undergraduate students develop musical knowledge through the preparation of a repertoire within the western classical music tradition during a certain period of formal music practice. During the practice, the student makes choices and deals with personal strategies that assume forms of thinking and, therefore, differentiated and complementary forms of musical knowledge. Elliot’s musical knowledge model allows us to identify the distinct nature of the strategies associated with the preparation of a piano repertoire by three undergraduate students at different academic levels: the first, fifth and eighth semesters. Based on a phenomenological approach, the repertoire of these students was followed during an academic semester and examined in two forms: repertoire preparation and reflection on one’s preparation. Four complementary research techniques were employed: a semi-structured interview, a video observation of the performance of the musical pieces, a non-structured interview about the repertoire under preparation and a recall-stimulated interview in which the student reflected on his own performance (recorded on video and audio tape in the previous sessions). The five forms of Elliot’s musical knowledge (formal, informal, impressionistic, supervisory and procedural) were identified in the verbal and instrumental statements about the repertoire preparation of the three students in different intensity, depending on the musical-instrumental expertise level as well as on their idiosyncrasies. For supervisory knowledge, a relationship between this kind of knowledge and level of music expertise was found: manipulation of supervisory knowledge seemed to increase with academic level.
Beyond participation to co-creation of meaning: mobile social media in generative learning communities
Authors: Lewis Sarah , Pea Roy , Rosen Joseph
Published: August 2010

Digital social media is dramatically changing the social landscape and the ways in which we understand ‘participation’. As youth embrace these dynamic yet highly scripted forms of mediated social interaction, educators have struggled to find ways to harness these new participatory forms to support learning. This article considers the interactive structures and frameworks that underlie much of ‘Web 2.0’ participatory media, and proposes that theories of social learning and action could greatly inform the design of participatory media applications to support learning. We propose engaging the potential of mediated social interaction to foster ‘generative learning communities’ and describe an informal learning social media application under development known as ‘Mobltz’ — embracing concepts of ‘mobile media blitz’ with the intentional emphasis on the syllable ‘mob’. The application is an attempt to bring guidance from what social science knows about learning and human development to craft interactional affordances based on sharing of meaning and experiences.
Using digital technology for collective ethnographic observation: an experiment on ‘coming home’
Authors: Cordelois Antoine
Published: August 2010

In this article, we use digital technologies (the Subcam and Webdiver) to capture, share and analyze collectively specific user experience. We examine the transition between ‘outside’ and ‘inside’ when people come home, and the steps needed to build the ‘being-at-home’ feeling. Understanding what ‘being at home’ means for the subject is part of our larger project of analyzing the impact of home automation. We provide a model which describes the relation between the home and its inhabitant as instrumental ‘functional coupling’, which, when achieved, provides the ‘at home’ feeling. This article illustrates how digital tools can make the ethnographic approach a collaborative analysis of human experience.
Monomania and Perpetual Motion: Insanity and Amateur Scientific Enthusiasm in Nineteenth-Century Medical, Scientific and Literary Discourse
Authors: Duffy W.L.
Published: August 2010

This article traces the cultural history of a recurrent association made in nineteenth-century French medical, scientific and literary texts between variants of ‘monomania’ — a broad term denoting obsessive fixation on a particular object in a subject presumed otherwise sane — and amateur scientific enthusiasm, specifically for perpetual motion, a phenomenon long acknowledged as impossible, and metonymy for similar chimera. A reading of alienist texts in conjunction with literary texts — emblematically, Zola’s La Bête humaine, which links human and thermodynamic dysfunctionality — reveals that a specifically homicidal monomania is closely linked with the specific delusion that perpetual motion is possible, at the very moment when monomania is superseded, or considerably modified, by degeneration theories, when the degenerative nature of thermodynamic engines becomes widely accepted, and when disciplinary power — in Foucauldian terms — supersedes sovereignty.
Georges Bataille’s Laughter: A Poetics of glissement
Authors: Boisseron Bénédicte
Published: August 2010

This article traces back the origins of Georges Bataille’s philosophy to Henri Bergson’s Le Rire. It seeks to demonstrate that Bataille purposely shaped his philosophy into a ‘reader-unfriendly’ paradoxical writing in an effort to recreate the experience — described in Bergson’s book — of a child unsuccessfully trying to retain a wave. Bataille made his philosophy ( hétérologie) just like Bergson’s laughter: something impossible to grasp, slipping through our fingers like a wave in a child’s hand. To counteract the idea of sovereign truth, Bataille chose a world of glissement where he leads and misleads us, enticing us to fully commit to his words but letting us down the very moment we think we have him.
From Text to Screen: Portraits of Collaboration in Uranus
Authors: Merfeld-Langston Audra L.
Published: August 2010

In this article, I explore how collaborators are portrayed in Marcel Aymé’s 1948 novel Uranus and Claude Berri’s 1990 film adaptation, with particular emphasis on analysing the differences in attitudes towards and punishments for ideological and material collaboration. Whereas Aymé’s version presents a bitter criticism of the post-war purges, one in which nearly every character is guilty of some form of collaboration, Berri’s version downplays the extent and softens the consequences of collaboration, and thus offers a less pessimistic view of France in 1945. Next, I examine Aymé’s ‘suspect’ reputation as a supporter of notorious collaborationists such as Robert Brasillach, and explore parallels between France’s prosecution of writers and the novel’s portrayal of the hunt for the collaborationist journalist Maxime Loin. Finally, I address how the novel and film demonstrate changing attitudes towards history.
Representations of the French Language in the Detective Novel Sous les vents de Neptune by Fred Vargas
Authors: Shields Kathleen
Published: August 2010

This essay studies the role played by the two equally important varieties of the French language (Québécois and Parisian) present in Sous les vents de Neptune (2004) by Fred Vargas, and sets the novel in the context of recent debates about the French language. Many topics in these debates are not so new, such as the inseparable link between language and nation, the enduring notions of clarity, logic and rayonnement as well as the idea of the universality and humanism of French, as evidenced in writings on francophonie. The freedom of writing in a popular genre enables Vargas to comment obliquely on these questions of language, to challenge assumptions and to propose an alternative view of both language and universality.
Le Club Med: L’idéalisme d’une époque
Authors: De Raedt Thérèse
Published: August 2010

Cet article montre que la création des villages du Club Med dans le pourtour méditerranéen est due à la philosophie d’un homme visionnaire Gérard Blitz aidé du génie pratique de Gilbert Trigano. Le Club proposa une nouvelle manière de vivre ses vacances et façonna un état d’esprit « club », qui privilégiait les relations humaines. Ces sociétés éphémères, produits de l’après guerre, relevaient d’un modèle rousseauiste conforté d’images véhiculées en France de Tahiti et ses habitants. Nous verrons comment les villages de vacances du Club Med fonctionnaient et j’établirai un lien, certes superficiel, avec les kibboutzim, ces communautés collectivistes populaires à cette époque, qui avait aussi vu la création de l’état juif d’Israël.
Why feminist-vegan now?
Authors: Adams Carol J
Published: August 2010

In this essay, I offer a reflection on the publication of The Sexual Politics of Meat, introducing several of the main theoretical insights from the book, and examining whether and how they hold true twenty years after the book’s first publication. I examine the associations among notions of virility, masculinity, and meat eating, and explain the concept of the absent referent and how it functions in the institution of eating animals. I also explore why images have proliferated that show the animalization of women or the feminization and sexualization of farmed animals, and propose that these are recuperative responses attempting to reinstate ‘manhood’ and meat eating. I propose that resistance to the decentering of the human being often is expressed through what I call ‘retrograde humanism’. To conclude, I meditate on ‘little old ladies in tennis shoes’ — what it means for women that the animal movement so often wants to disown their work, yet needs them to do that work.
Gender and slaughter in popular gastronomy
Authors: Parry Jovian
Published: August 2010

Animal slaughter has lately become increasingly visible in popular food media. This article examines the gendered assumptions and assertions underpinning the killing of animals in popular gastronomy. In television cooking shows such as The F Word (2005—present), Kiwi Kitchen (2007—8) and Jamie’s Great Italian Escape (2005), both emotional concern for farmed animals and farmed animals themselves are feminized and denigrated, whilst slaughter and meat-eating are masculinized and celebrated. Conversely, in the recent cookbook-cum-memoir by Julie Powell, Cleaving: A Story of Meat, Marriage and Obsession, butchery and meat-eating are depicted as pathways to, and displays of, female empowerment. Both groups of gastronomy texts hold the domination of animals, demonstrated through the slaughter, butchery and consumption of non-human bodies, to be an integral component in the performance of gender.
Realism, Relativism, and Evolutionary Psychology
Authors: Derksen Maarten
Published: August 2010

Against recent attempts to forge a reconciliation between constructionism and realism, I contend that, in psychology at least, stirring up conflict is a more fruitful strategy. To illustrate this thesis, I confront a school of psychology with strong realist leanings, evolutionary psychology, with the relativist critique of realism proposed by Edwards, Ashmore, and Potter. I show that evolutionary psychology employs the kind of “bottomline arguments” that they identify as typical of realist rhetoric. However, it also proposes a modified realism based on a concept of mediation, which accommodates a moderate social constructionism. I argue that there are good reasons to reject such a settlement between realism and constructionism. The theories of emergence that have been developed both in biology and in science and technology studies cast doubt on the view of the brain as a fully specifiable mediator.
The Conditions of Possibility of Critical Psychology
Authors: Jovanović Gordana
Published: August 2010

I argue for an approach to critical psychology that is strongly foundationalist and radically anti-fundamentalist. By laying foundations for psychology in the historical and social conditions of its subject matter, the paper works against the psychological fundamentalism that has become a remarkable feature of postmodern societies. The general framework for my approach is that of modernity understood as a project of self-foundation. Within the modernity project, critique was developed in two forms: as reconstruction (of conditions) and as criticism (of constraints). The foundational approach to critical psychology combines both forms of critique. Reconstructing the conditions of possibility of its subject matter in social and therefore necessarily hermeneutic terms, it avoids the fundamentalist temptations of psychologism. At the same time, it lays foundations for its critical attitude to society. The possibility and necessity of critique of both psychological conceptualizations and social order are founded in the very idea of critical psychology.
Hybrid Peace: The Interaction Between Top-Down and Bottom-Up Peace
Authors: Mac Ginty Roger
Published: August 2010

This article is interested in the interface between internationally supported peace operations and local approaches to peace that may draw on traditional, indigenous and customary practice. It argues that peace (and security, development and reconstruction) in societies emerging from violent conflict tends to be a hybrid between the external and the local. The article conceptualizes how this hybrid or composite peace is constructed and maintained. It proposes a four-part conceptual model to help visualize the interplay that leads to hybridized forms of peace. Hybrid peace is the result of the interplay of the following: the compliance powers of liberal peace agents, networks and structures; the incentivizing powers of liberal peace agents, networks and structures; the ability of local actors to resist, ignore or adapt liberal peace interventions; and the ability of local actors, networks and structures to present and maintain alternative forms of peacemaking.
Drawing on the Notion of Symbolic Resources in Exploring the Development of Cultural Identities in Immigrant Transitions
Authors: Hale Hannah C. , de Abreu Guida
Published: August 2010

This paper examines the processes by which cultural identities develop through the use of symbolic resources (Zittoun, 2006). The notion of symbolic resources provides a framework that enables one to consider developmental transitions between practices and between historical times. For Portuguese students, these transitions initially involved a rupture, a loss of social resources and linguistic resources, which resulted in a cultural awareness. This cultural awareness led to alterations in the positioning of their cultural selves, either by themselves personally or by others. Social resources mediated access to new symbolic resources, and this included experiencing the ‘other’ as constructive and meaningful to the self. This ‘other’ became symbolic and thus the physical presence of that person is not necessarily needed. We argue that in order to comprehend cultural identity development, the notion of symbolic resources can be extended to include the social resource as that which is ‘symbolic’.
Constructing Identity as a Second-Generation Cypriot Turkish in Australia: The Multi-hyphenated Other
Authors: Ali Lütfiye , Sonn Christopher C.
Published: August 2010

This article explores how Cypriot Turkish people in Australia construct their multi-hyphenated identity and the implications this has for their sense of belonging. Ethnic identity is conceptualized as a set of social and cultural understandings, shaped by historical processes, positions of power and patterns of privilege, which people draw on to understand and experience themselves. Ten Cypriot Turkish people’s identities were explored through semi-structured interviews. Discourse analysis was used to identify the discursive constructions of identity and belongingness. Discourses that constructed the Cypriot Turkish Australian identity were: modern Muslim, language, phenotype and ancestry and generation discourse. These discourses give rise to the multi-hyphenation of this identity, positioning them as either Cypriot Turkish Australians or Cypriot Turkish in Australia. The discourses have highlighted not only the current socio-political context as shaping subjectivities, but also the historical and political collective memory that continues in the construction of ethnic identities.
Commentary: Making Sense of Immigrant Identity Dialogues
Authors: Kadianaki Irini
Published: August 2010

This commentary builds on the contributions of Ali and Sonn (2010), Hale and Abreu (2010) and on the growing literature in the field to extend the discussion on the development of identity for immigrant and ethnic populations. I draw attention to the aspects of both social contexts—country of origin and country of residence—and the ways they shape identity for the populations in question. I examine how dominant and normative discourses and power asymmetries constrain identity development, and I conclude by discussing issues of agency and resistance.
Phenomenology of Acculturation: Retrospective Reports from the Philippines, Japan, Quebec, and Norway
Authors: Rudmin Floyd W.
Published: August 2010

Acculturation refers to cultural learning and adjustment in the context of continuous cross-cultural experience. A phenomenology based on retrospective descriptions and analyses of self-observations in acculturation contexts may contribute to the development of theory, constructs, models, and innovative interventions. This phenomenology report focuses on 1) super-ordinate decisions, e.g., to eat all local foods; 2) metacognitive stress induced by biculturalism, e.g., anticipation of faux pas; 3) cultural play to cope with cultural incompetence, e.g., writing Haiku in a new language; 4) unconscious acculturative imitation, e.g., shifts in first-language prosody, phonology, or grammar; 5) sense of freedom, e.g., foreigners being excused from norms and expectations; and 6) the role of cultural mentors, e.g., to act as go-betweens with bureaucracies.