bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transport near the chiral critical point
Authors: Soloviev Alexander
Published: January 2022

The evolution of a heavy ion collision passes close to the O(4) critical point of QCD, where fluctuations of the order parameter are expected to be enhanced. Using the appropriate stochastic hydrodynamic equations in mean field near the the pseudo-critical point, we compute how these enhanced fluctuations modify the transport coefficients of QCD. Finally, we estimate the expected critical enhancement of soft pion yields, which provides a plausible explanation for the excess seen in experiment relative to ordinary hydrodynamic computations.
The ϕ meson production in small collision systems observed by PHENIX
Authors: Mitrankova Mariia , Berdnikov Alexander , Berdnikov Yaroslav , Kotov Dmitry , Mitrankov Iurii
Published: January 2022

The measurements of light hadron production in small collision systems (such as p+Al, p+Au, d+Au, 3He+Au) may allow to explore the quarkgluon plasma formation and to determine the main hadronization mechanism in the considered collisions. Such research has become particularly crucial with the observation of the light hadrons collective behavior in p/d/3He+Au collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV and in p+Al collisions at the same energy at forward and backward rapidities. Among the large variety of light hadrons, ϕ meson is of particular interest since its production is sensitive to the presence of the quark-gluon plasma. The paper presents the comparison of the obtained experimental results on ϕ meson production to different light hadron production in p+Al and 3He+Au at √SNN = 200 GeV at midrapidity. The comparisons of ϕ meson production in p+Al, p+Au, d+Au, and 3He+Au collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV at midrapidity to theoretical models predictions (PYTHIA model and default and string melting versions of the AMPT model) are also provided. The results suggest that the QGP can be formed in p/d/3He+Au collisions, but the volume and lifetime of the produced medium might be insufficient for observation of strangeness enhancement effect. Conceivably, the main hadronization mechanism of ϕ meson production in p+Al collisions is fragmentation, while in p/d/3He+Au collisions this process occurs via coalescence.
Electromagnetic finite-size effects beyond the point-like approximation
Authors: Di Carlo Matteo , Hansen Maxwell T. , Hermansson-Truedsson Nils , Portelli Antonin
Published: January 2022

We present a model-independent and relativistic approach to analytically derive electromagnetic finite-size effects beyond the point-like approximation. The key element is the use of electromagnetic Ward identities to constrain vertex functions, and structure-dependence appears via physical form-factors and their derivatives. We apply our general method to study the leading finitesize structure-dependence in the pseudoscalar mass (at order 1/L3) as well as in the leptonic decay amplitudes of pions and kaons (at order 1/L2). Knowledge of the latter is essential for Standard Model precision tests in the flavour physics sector from lattice simulations.
Hybrid stars from a constrained equation of state
Authors: Ferreira Márcio , Pereira Renan Câmara , Providência Constança
Published: January 2022

We determine, within a meta-model, the properties of the nuclear matter equation of state (EoS) that allow for a phase transition to deconfinement matter. It is shown that the properties that define the isoscalar channel are the ones that are affected, in particular, a phase transition implies much larger values of the skewness and kurtosis. The effect of multi-quark interaction channels in the description of the quark phase in hybrid stars is also studied. NS properties, such as the mass and radius of the quark core, show an interplay dependence between the 8-quark vector and the 4-quark isovector-vector interactions. We show that low mass NS, M ~ 1.4M⊙, may already contain a quark core, and satisfy all existing NS observational constraints. We discuss the strangeness content of the quark core and its influence on the speed of sound.
The Fragmented Glueball: A Personal View
Authors: Klempt Eberhard
Published: January 2022

A coupled-channel analysis has been performed to identify the spectrum of scalar mesons. The data include BESIII data on radiative J/ψ decays into π0π0, KS KS, ηη, and ωϕ, 15 Dalitz plots from ¯N annihilation at rest at LEAR, the CERN-Munich multipoles for ππ elastic scattering, the S-wave from BNL data on ππ scattering into KS KS, from GAMS data on ππ π0π0; ηη, and ηη', and NA48/2 data on low-mass ππ interactions from K± → ππe±v decays. The analysis reveals the existence of ten scalar isoscalar resonances. The resonances can be grouped into two classes: resonances with a large SU(3) singlet component and those with a large octet component. The production of isoscalar resonances with a large octet component should be suppressed in radiative J/ψ decays. However, in a limited mass range centered at 1900MeV, these mesons are produced abundantly. Mainly-singlet scalar resonances are produced over the full mass range but with larger intensity at 1900MeV. The total scalar isoscalar yield in radiative decays into scalar mesons shows a clear peak which is interpreted as the scalar glueball of lowest mass.
Highly excited pure gauge SU(3) flux tubes
Authors: Bicudo Pedro , Cardoso Nuno , Sharifian Alireza
Published: January 2022

Flux tube spectra are expected to have full towers of levels due to the quantization of the string vibrations. We study a spectrum of flux tubes with static quark and antiquark sources with pure gaugeSU(3) lattice QCD in 3+1 dimensions up to a significant number of excitations. To go high in the spectrum, we specialize in the most symmetric case Σg+, use a large set of operators, solve the generalized eigenvalue and compare different lattice QCD gauge actions and anisotropies.
Non-Abelian anomalous constitutive relations of a chiral hadronic fluid
Authors: Mañes Juan L. , Megías Eugenio , Valle Manuel , Vázquez-Mozo Miguel Á.
Published: January 2022

We study the constitutive relations of a chiral hadronic fluid in presence of non-Abelian’t Hooft anomalies. Analytical expressions for the covariant currents are obtained at first order in derivatives in the chiral symmetric phase, for both two and three quark flavors in the presence of chiral imbalance. We also investigate the constitutive relations after chiral symmetry breaking at the leading order.
Comparison of intrinsic capacity factors in older individuals before and during COVID-19 in the context of healthy ageing in Baltic Countries
Authors: Mikelsone Madara , Reine Ieva , Baltmane Diana , Ivanovs Andrejs , Tomsone Signe
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 in the context of healthy ageing is associated with decline in body functional abilities and serious illness in older individuals. Regular assessment of ageing processes, including intrinsic capacity factors, provides an opportunity for better understanding of the individual’s functional abilities and vulnerabilities. Based on the data (2017–2020) from two waves (7 and 8) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), an evaluation and comparison of the intrinsic capacity factors of older individuals (50+ years) before and during COVID-19 was conducted, including data from 4422 individuals in Baltic countries (from Latvia – 648, Lithuania – 1079 and Estonia – 2695). Excellent or very good health status before the outbreak reported 35.3% respondents in Latvia, 54.9% in Lithuania and 45.3% in Estonia (p < 0.001). On worsened health status since the outbreak reported 7% respondents in Latvia, 13.8% in Lithuania and 5.9% in Estonia (p < 0.001). Feeling of nervousness, depression and loneliness during COVID-19 outbreak increased among all respondents, regardless of nationality and severity of symptoms before outbreak (p < 0.001). The results indicate that during COVID-19 outbreak respondents were experiencing deterioration in cognitive and psychological health. To maintain the level of individual’s functional abilities during situations like COVID-19 outbreak preventive actions are needed by promoting physical activities and social networks, especially for older individuals.
Policy and legal framework on protecting children’s rights in Latvia and Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera Shelomi , Trapenciere Ilze , Vilka Lolita
Published: January 2022

The article focuses on comparing policies and legislation, that affect social-work professionals in implementing children’s rights of Latvia and Sri Lanka. It attempts to disclose legal framework of the two countries in different socio-cultural, economic and geographical contexts (European and South-Asian) on implementing children’s rights, with base of United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). This study analyses local policies, laws, institutional structure and its implementation processes. Policy review has been made by a content analysis, empirical research conducted doing expert interviews (n = 10) focusing on implementation process. Similarities and differences are discussed between two contexts with the standpoint of global perspective of Social work as a global profession. Research results reveal that both countries have sufficient level of policies and legislation to adapt UNCRC, and established specific government bodies for ensuring children’s rights. At the same time differences are identified in application of Foster Families, Engagement of children in employments, Children employed as domestic servants, Corporal Punishment to children, in Policy implementation process in Latvia and Sri Lanka.
Training habits and lower limb injury prevention in parkour practitioners
Authors: Grosprêtre Sidney , El Khattabi Sami
Published: January 2022

Parkour consists of overcoming obstacles mostly in an urban landscape. Little is known regarding usual training habits and injury risks of traceurs, i.e., parkour practitioners. In this study, a 20-min survey have been fulfilled by a population of traceurs regarding training load, habits (type of warm up, physical conditioning, stretching), type of footwear, and number and type of ankle- and knee-injuries during their career. A total of 180 responses were analyzed (24.4 ± 5.9 years old, 21.7% female, 6.0 ± 3.9 years of experience). Participants reported to train 1 to 7 times per week for a mean duration of 2.2 h. 76% practiced stretching exercises. 75.6% practiced physical conditioning in addition to their parkour training (weightlifting, functional exercises). Injury rate was 1.7 per 1000 h of training, mostly ankle sprains and knee contusions. Number of injury and training load were positively correlated. The lack of physical conditioning was also a factor of injury. Knee injuries have been more frequent on participants wearing minimalist shoes. Although training appears well auto-organized and the injury rate quite low some pitfalls require attention, notably in training planning, warm-up, stretching and conditioning. Building training and coaching methods specific to parkour appears essential.
Multifocal Oral Epstein–Barr Virus-Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcers Associated with Dual Methotrexate and Leflunomide Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Kunmongkolwut Sumana , Amornkarnjanawat Chatchawan , Phattarataratip Ekarat
Published: January 2022

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) is a unique clinicopathologic entity of lymphoproliferative disorder, occurring in immunosuppressed patients. Due to its rarity, EBVMCU may be under-recognized by clinicians as well as pathologists. In addition, its clinical and histopathologic features overlap with other benign and malignant conditions, making a diagnosis challenging. This report presents an unusual case of multifocal oral EBVMCUs in a 52-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis, receiving the combination of methotrexate and leflunomide for 5 years. The patient presented with persistent multiple large painful ulcers involving her palate and gingiva for 6 months. The histopathologic examination revealed extensive ulceration with diffuse polymorphic inflammatory infiltrate admixed with scattered atypical lymphoid cells showing occasional Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg-like cell features. These atypical cells showed immunoreactivity for CD20, CD30 and MUM1/IRF4. EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization was positive, validating the presence of EBV-infected cells. Two months after discontinuation of both immunosuppressive medications, oral lesions gradually regressed. At 9-month follow-up, no evidence of relapsing oral EBVMCU has been observed. The multifocal presentation of EBVMCU is rare and could be resulted from the overwhelming immune suppression by long-term use of dual immunosuppressants. Its diagnosis requires comprehensive correlation of patient history, clinical findings, histopathologic, and immunophenotypic features. The ability of EBVMCU to regress following removal of immunosuppressive causes is in drastic contrast to a variety of its potential clinical and histopathologic mimics. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is crucial to avoid unnecessary patient management and achieve optimal patient outcomes.
Cervical Spine Inhomogeneously Enhancing Lesion: Avoiding Confirmation Bias
Authors: Penner Federica , Zeppa Pietro , Cofano Fabio , Bianconi Andrea , Ajello Marco , Zenga Francesco
Published: January 2022

Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek information and evidence in order to confirm a preexisting hypothesis while giving less importance and overlook an alternative solution. This report describes the case of a 52-year-old man with a long history of neck pain and bilateral upper limbs paresthesias with a cervical intracanal inhomogeneously enhancing lesion. Despite all the preoperative radiological findings, a spinal meningioma an anterior approach was performed. The mass ended up being a large migrated hernia with the involvement of two levels. Before suggesting treatment, especially surgery, physicians and practitioners need to evaluate all of the possible alternatives in order to optimize patient outcome.
Clinical Outcome of Neoplastic Meningitis Associated with Breast Cancer
Authors: Abraham Anju Anna , T.M Anoop , P. Rona Joseph , Vasudevan Arun , Kumar Bhavya S.
Published: January 2022

Background Neoplastic meningitis (NM) is considered as a terminal event with poor prognosis. Its impact in clinical oncology is growing.

Objective To analyze the clinical outcome of patients with carcinoma breast diagnosed with NM.

Materials and Methods This study was an observational study in breast cancer patients diagnosed with NM. Patients with typical clinical symptoms and signs with either presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology positive for neoplastic cells or typical radiological features of leptomeningeal involvement in the presence of neurological symptoms or signs were taken as leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) or NM. The estimation of survival was done by Kaplan–Meier method.

Results Out of 1,200 patients diagnosed with carcinoma breast during the study period, 15 developed NM. The median age of study population was 51 (range: 44–55) years. Most common presentations were headache (47%), vomiting (47%), diplopia (20%), seizure (20%), and cerebellar signs (7%). Seven (46%) patients were hormone receptor positive, four (30%) were HER2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) positive and seven (46%) were triple-negative breast cancer. Median time to develop LM from the time of diagnosis of breast cancer was 6 (range: 3–8) months. Nine patients (90%) had features of NM in CSF cytology. Thirteen patients received palliative whole brain radiotherapy (20 Gy in five fractions). Nine out of 12 patients received single-agent Capecitabine as first-line chemotherapy after palliative radiation therapy (RT). Intrathecal methotrexate was given for seven patients. The median overall survival was 3 (range: 0.5–4) months.

Conclusion LM is a very aggressive metastatic disease with poor outcome. There is an unmet need for proper guidelines and an overwhelming necessity for a better focus on research for new modalities of disease in this scenario.
Phonon thermal transport in silicon thin films with nanoscale constrictions and expansions
Authors: Spence T. J. , Moore Arden L.
Published: January 2022

In patterned thin film devices, abrupt geometric changes can introduce thermal constriction and expansion resistances whose magnitude and relative importance depends on the device's size and geometry as well as the dominant heat carrier mean free path spectra of the comprising material. Existing analytical models of thermal constriction and expansion resistances at the nanoscale have focused primarily on semi-infinite geometries or other situations which are quite different from those encountered in modern nanopatterned thin film devices. In this work, Monte Carlo methods are used to simulate phonon transport in silicon thin films patterned with a commonly utilized source-channel-drain geometry. The length, width, and thickness of the channel region were varied, and the dependence of the thermal constriction–expansion resistance on these parameters was determined. Results show that thin film source–drain reservoirs with diffuse boundary scattering do not behave as semi-infinite reservoirs for feature sizes smaller than approximately 100 nm in silicon near 300 K, and that existing analytical models cannot be readily applied to such systems. In addition, our results support the case that ballistic phonon effects in silicon nanowires at room temperature, if present, are small and not easily observable. Finally, we provide guidance and perspective for Si nanowire measurements near room temperature as to what scenarios may lead to a non-negligible amount of error if constriction–expansion geometry effects are ignored.
An advanced relativistic magnetron operating with a split cathode and separated anode segments
Authors: Krasik Ya. E. , Leopold J. G. , Hadas Y. , Cao Y. , Gleizer S. , Flyat E. , Bliokh Y. P. , Andreev D. , Kuskov A. , Schamiloglu E.
Published: January 2022

We report the successful operation of an advanced relativistic magnetron made up of separate anode segments and fed by a split cathode as suggested by Leopold et al. [Phys. Plasmas 27, 103102 (2020)]. A split cathode has the advantage that the emitter is placed outside the interaction region so that the cathode plasma does not cause pulse shortening. We find that the split cathode-fed magnetron performs as well as a common explosive emission plasma cathode but without the appearance of microwave pulse shortening during ∼200 ns while the pulsed generator is at its maximum power. The angular magnetron segments facilitate longitudinal slits in the magnetron's anode block, which allows for fast magnetic field penetration. This drastically decreases the power requirements of the pulsed generator feeding the axial insulating magnetic field producing solenoid and does not affect the operation of the magnetron. This results not only in a compact system but also in overall high electrical efficiency and the possibility to operate the relativistic magnetron in a repetitive mode.
Postoperative outcomes of cancer surgery in patients with and without kidney failure with dialysis therapy: a matched-pair cohort study
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Iwagami Masao , Aso Shotaro , Uda Kazuaki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Hamasaki Yoshifumi , Nangaku Masaomi , Yasunaga Hideo , Doi Kent
Published: January 2022

Background

The difference in outcomes of cancer surgery between patients with and without kidney failure with dialysis therapy (KFDT) remains uncertain.

Methods

Using 2010–18 data in a national inpatient database in Japan, we identified patients who had undergone resection of colorectal, lung, gastric or breast cancer. We matched selected patient characteristics, type of cancer, surgical procedure and hospital of up to four patients without KFDT to each patient with KFDT. We assessed 30-day mortality and postoperative complications.

Results

Through matching, we identified 2248 patients with KFDT (807 with colorectal, 579 with lung, 500 with gastric and 362 with breast cancer) and 8210 patients without KFDT (2851 with colorectal, 2216 with lung, 1756 with gastric and 1387 with breast cancer). Postoperative complications occurred in a higher proportion of patients with KFDT than of those without KFDT after colorectal {20.3% versus 14.6%; risk difference (RD): 5.7% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.6%–8.8%]}, lung [18.0% versus 12.9%; RD: 5.1% (95% CI 1.6%–8.4%)], gastric [25.0% versus 13.2%; RD: 11.8% (95% CI 7.6%–16.2%)] and breast cancer surgery [7.5% versus 3.5%; RD: 3.9% (95% CI 1.1%–6.9%)]. Patients with KFDT had a higher 30-day mortality than those without KFDT after gastric cancer surgery [1.6% versus 0.3%; RD: 1.3% (95% CI 0.1%–2.3%)]. Heart failure and ischemic heart disease occurred more frequently in patients with KFDT.

Conclusions

Patients with KFDT had higher rates of postoperative complications and 30-day mortality; however, RDs varied between cancer types. The higher rates of postoperative complications in patients with KFDT were mainly attributable to cardiovascular complications.
EACVI survey on burnout amongst cardiac imaging specialists during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic
Authors: Joshi Shruti S , Stankovic Ivan , Demirkiran Ahmet , Haugaa Kristina , Maurovich-Horvat Pal , Popescu Bogdan A , Cosyns Bernard , Edvardsen Thor , Petersen Steffen E , Carvalho Ricardo Fontes , Cameli Matteo , Dweck Marc R
Published: January 2022

Aims

The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging Scientific Initiatives Committee conducted a global survey to evaluate the impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental well-being of cardiac imaging specialists.

Methods and results

In a prospective international survey performed between 23 July 2021 and 31 August 2021, we assessed the mental well-being of cardiac imaging specialists ∼18 months into the COVID-19 pandemic. One-hundred-and-twenty-five cardiac imaging specialists from 34 countries responded to the survey. More than half described feeling anxious during the pandemic, 34% felt melancholic, 27% felt fearful, and 23% respondents felt lonely. A quarter of respondents had increased their alcohol intake and more than half reported difficulties in sleeping. Two-thirds of respondents described worsening features of burnout during the past 18 months, 44% considered quitting their job. One in twenty respondents had experienced suicidal ideation during the pandemic. Despite these important issues, the majority of participants (57%) reported having no access to any formal mental health support at work.

Conclusion

The survey has highlighted important issues regarding the mental well-being of cardiac imaging specialists during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a major issue in our sub-specialty, which requires urgent action and prioritization so that we can improve the mental health of cardiovascular imaging specialists.
King Ine (688–726) and the Writing of English Law in Latin
Authors: Ivarsen Ingrid
Published: January 2022

It is commonly supposed that all Anglo-Saxon laws were composed in Old English. This article argues that the law-code in the name of King Ine of Wessex (r. 688–726) was written in Latin in his reign and only assumed its surviving Old English form in the ninth century when it was translated from Latin and appended to King Alfred’s law-code. Linguistic evidence indicates that Ine’s language is that of a ninth-century translator, possibly working with Alfred’s law-code, while its legal content is that of seventh-century Wessex. There are also several close parallels to continental legislation in Ine’s laws, both in language and in content. This article suggests that these may be the result of Frankish legislation serving as a model for or inspiration to the makers of Ine’s laws. The translation theory presented here explains many of the notorious linguistic peculiarities and problems of this text and its role within Alfred’s code.
Comparison between response surface methodology and genetic algorithm to optimize lactic acid production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus under ultrasonic pretreatment
Authors: Jafarpour Dornoush , Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Abedi Elahe , Mousavifard Maryam , Sayadi Mehran
Published: January 2022

This work compared response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) analysis to optimize the lactic acid content by Lactobacillus rhamnosus PTCC 1637 and Lactobacillus acidophilus PTCC 1643 in a medium based of date syrup. Three parameters including concentrations of sucrose (10 and 20% (w/w)) and yeast extract (1, 2 and 3% (w/w)) along with different amplitudes of ultrasound (30 kHz, 25 and 50%) were investigated in terms of their impacts on both viable cell counts and lactic acid production. Regarding to RSM and GA, optimized samples were selected by achieving high lactic acid concentration. The results indicated that an increase in the amounts of sucrose and yeast extract led to increasing the cell growth and lactic acid production. Application of ultrasound at 25% amplitude significantly (P<0.05) stimulated the fermentation process. However, increasing the amplitude to 50% significantly (P<0.05) decreased the lactic acid production as compared to the control samples. The best treatment was observed at 20% sucrose, 3% yeast extract and 25% ultrasound amplitude. The present results indicated that the best productivity of lactic acid can be achieved at appropriate fermentation conditions including suitable amplitude of ultrasound and supplementation of date syrup.
3-D stripping inversion based on measured terrestrial potential field and seismic data over Hodein Basin area, Southeastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Elghrabawy Osama , Khalifa Khaled
Published: January 2022

This study aims to present a 3-D stripping inversion over the Hodein Basin area in the Southeastern Desert based on the Fourier approach and evaluate the method based on the availability of data constraints. Before submitting the data sets for inversion, the gravity and magnetic data were subjected to process corrections, which enhanced the geological signal, thereby improving the inversion outputs. The Kharit-1 well was drilled in the central part of the basin area by Repsol in 1998. The interpreted seismic profiles revealed cumulative stratigraphic sequences in the study area, including basement complex, Kom Ombo Equivalent and Six Hills formation. Based on these constraints, the 3-D model was constructed and produced good fit statistics with an error of approximately 1.4 per cent for the gravity data and 9.7 per cent for the magnetic data. The basement layer becomes deeper in the middle of the basin, reaching a value of −2687 m around Wadi Kharit and Wadi Timsah. The basement layer is exposed and shallow in the NE and SW flanks of the main basin. The top of Kom Ombo Equivalent formation matches well with the basement relief. It reaches at the middle of basin area −1968.5 m, the greatest thickness at Wadi Timsah, up to −1200 m, while it decreases to the northwest, where it reaches −185 m. The top of the Six Hills formation reveals a shallow depth of 430 m asl along the basin area, except for the middle part, which reaches −1200 m. Based on four seismic depth profiles, an uncertainty investigation of the inversion results was performed, showing an error of approximately 10 per cent. In conclusion, the resultant basement and two stripping sedimentary layers reveal that the study area is characterized by a broad basin directed in the NW direction and dissected by normal faults, forming small subbasins.
Exploring fishers’ perceptions of index insurance and coral reef health in the context of climate-driven changes in extreme events
Authors: Maltby Katherine M , Acosta Luis , Townhill Bryony , Touza Julia , White Piran , Mangi Stephen C
Published: January 2022

Climate-change-driven storminess and extreme events are increasingly challenging fishers in tropical island countries. Weather-based index insurance is an emerging tool that can assist fishing communities in their recovery and adaptation to such events. In these regions, coral reefs support valuable fisheries and also provide coastal protection during extreme events. Surveying 80 fishers in Grenada, this exploratory study examined fishers’ perceptions of index insurance in the context of their experiences of extreme events. We also explore perceptions of reef health and its’ connections to fishing outcomes and coastal protection, given the indirect role this plays in supporting fishers’ resilience through associated fisheries and storm protection. Most fishers viewed extreme events as a severe risk to their livelihoods, affecting their ability to make future plans. Fishers comprehended the links between improved reef health and positive impacts on fishing (higher catches and incomes). Several challenges regarding index insurance were raised, which centred on themes of flexibility, affordability, inclusivity, and accessibility. These could pose barriers to fishers and undermine demand for or participation in such schemes. As such, research, design, and implementation of future index insurance schemes should consider issues raised by fishers to ensure that provision is equitable and improve uptake.
Topological Triviality in Families of Functions on Subanalytic Sets and Complex Analytic Spaces
Authors: Menegon Aurélio , de Jesus-Almeida Jonathas P
Published: January 2022

We study families of analytic functions defined on either subanalytic sets or complex analytic spaces. We give sufficient conditions for a family depending linearly on one parameter to have constant topological type, extending classical results due to Lê and Ramanujam [9] and Parusiński [12]. In the particular case of isolated singularity families defined on an ICIS, we prove that the $\mu $-constancy implies constant topological type.
Green Analytical Toxicology for the Determination of Cocaine Metabolites
Authors: de Paula Meirelles Gabriela , Fabris André Luis , Ferreira dos Santos Karina , Costa José Luiz , Yonamine Mauricio
Published: January 2022

Brazil is the third largest contributor to Green Analytical Chemistry, and there is significant participation of toxicologists in the development and improvement of environmental techniques. Currently, toxicologists have their own strategies and guidelines to promote the reduction/replacement or elimination of solvents, reduce the impacts of derivatization and save time, among other objectives, due to the peculiarities of toxicological analysis. Thus, this review aims to propose the concept of Green Analytical Toxicology and conduct a discussion about its relevance and applications specifically in forensic toxicology, using the microextraction methods developed for the determination of cocaine and its metabolites as examples.
#GirlGamers, Soldiers, and Public Relations: Analyzing Gender Representation in U.S. Army Esports
Authors: Fisher Jolene , Foust Joshua
Published: January 2022

While interest in esports is widespread across demographic categories, the gendered norms surrounding video game play have been replicated, resulting in a male-dominated space. Scholars argue that broadening representations of gamers is necessary to normalizing women’s presence in esports. As nongaming organizations enter the space, they have a unique opportunity to disrupt established norms through their representations of esports competitors. This study analyzes the representation of U.S. Army Esports (USAE) team members via official social media channels. USAE was created as a public relations tool to engage with a younger audience, redefine the public image of the Army, and recruit soldiers. Using a critical public relations framework and critical discourse analysis, we examine the discourse around gender and esports constructed through USAE’s representation of team members and the role of public relations practice in reinforcing or disrupting existing norms.
Semantic data management in P2P systems driven by self-esteem
Authors: Caroprese Luciano , Zumpano Ester
Published: January 2022

This paper is a contribution to semantic data management in P2P systems. It is based on the previous works of the same authors in which a declarative semantics for P2P systems is defined: under this semantics, only facts not making the local databases inconsistent are imported (Weak Models) and the Maximal Weak Models are those in which peers import maximal sets of facts not violating integrity constraints. The proposal, presented in this paper, stems from the following two observations: (i) the Maximal Weak Model Semantics ensures that locally consistent P2P systems always admit a maximal weak model, but fails for locally inconsistent P2P systems; (ii) the self-esteem degree of a peer should impact on the interaction with other peers in the system so that driving the integration process. From the above-mentioned observations a more general framework is presented. Our proposal is able to manage local inconsistencies and allows to model a peer integration process driven by the self-esteem degree of each peer. Different self-esteem degrees could be considered; in this paper we focus our attention on three different scenarios in which a generic peer can declare an high, low or medium self-esteem degree, stating respectively that it trusts its own knowledge more, less or equally with respect to the knowledge that can be provided from the rest of the system. Three different basic semantics are proposed, High, Low, Medium Self-Esteem Semantics and results about the computational complexity of P2P logic queries are investigated by considering brave and cautions reasoning. The paper also presents an extension of the basic framework of the Self-Esteem Semantics that models a finer-grained self-esteem concept and allows each peer to exhibit different levels of self-esteem each of them defined with respect to a subset of its mapping rules.
The nature of sub-millimetre galaxies II: an ALMA comparison of SMG dust heating mechanisms
Authors: Ansarinejad B , Shanks T , Bielby R M , Metcalfe N , Infante L , Murphy D N A , Rosario D J , Stach S M
Published: January 2022

We compare the contribution of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and star formation towards dust heating in sub-mm galaxies (SMGs). We have used ALMA at 0.1-arcsec resolution to image a complete flux-limited sample of seven sub-mm sources previously shown to have spectral energy distributions that were as well-fitted by obscured AGN as star-forming galaxy templates. Indeed, two sub-mm sources were known to be quasars from their absorbed X-ray emission. We find the sub-mm sizes of all SMGs to be small (≈1−2 kpc) and generally ∼3 times smaller than any host detected in the near-infrared (NIR). In all cases, the five SMGs are comparable in sub-mm size to the two known quasars and four z ≈ 6 quasars, also observed with ALMA. We detect no evidence of diffuse spiral arms in this complete sample. We then convert the far-infrared (FIR) luminosities to star formation rate (SFR) surface densities and find that the SMGs occupy the same range as the known quasars in our sample. We conclude that in terms of sub-mm size, extent relative to host and SFR density as well as luminosity and mid-IR (MIR) colour, there is little distinction between the SMGs and sub-mm bright quasars. Finally, we present preliminary evidence that SMGs with higher MIR luminosities and sub-mm loud quasars tend to have dust components that range to hotter temperatures than their less luminous SMG counterparts. In light of these results, we continue to suggest that luminous SMGs may host dust-absorbed quasars that may simultaneously dominate the FIR and hard X-ray backgrounds.
A study on the solar coronal dynamics during the post-maxima phase of the solar cycle 24 using S-band radio signals from the Indian Mars Orbiter Mission
Authors: Jain Richa N , Choudhary R K , Bhardwaj Anil , Parikh Umang , Dai Bijoy K , Roopa M V
Published: January 2022

Radio signals from India’s Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) have been used to study turbulence in the solar plasma during the post-maximum phase of solar cycle 24. S-band (2.29 GHz) radio carrier downlink signals from MOM were received at the Indian Deep Space Network, Bangalore, and frequency residuals were spectrally analysed to obtain coronal turbulence spectra at heliocentric distances ranging between 4 and 20 R⊙, corresponding to coronal regions where the solar wind is primarily accelerated. The frequency fluctuation spectrum relates to the turbulence regime in the near-Sun region. The turbulence power spectrum (the temporal spectrum of frequency fluctuations) at smaller heliocentric distances (<10 R⊙) reveals flattening in lower-frequency regions, with a spectral index αf ∼ 0.3−0.5, which corresponds to the solar wind acceleration region. For larger heliocentric distances (>10 R⊙), the curve steepens with a spectral index αf ∼ 0.7−0.8, a value close to 2/3 and indicative of a developed Kolmogorov-type turbulence spectrum. The findings are consistent with earlier results. Plausible explanations to support the theory of coronal heating by magnetohydrodynamic waves and the acceleration of the solar wind are presented. An insight into the feeble maximum of solar cycle 24 is discussed.
The low-end of the black hole mass function at cosmic dawn
Authors: Trinca Alessandro , Schneider Raffaella , Valiante Rosa , Graziani Luca , Zappacosta Luca , Shankar Francesco
Published: January 2022

Understanding the formation and growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at high redshift represents a major challenge for theoretical models. In this work, we investigate the early evolution of the first SMBHs by constraining their distribution in mass and luminosity at z > 4. In particular, we focus on the poorly explored low-mass end of the nuclear black hole (BH) distribution down to z ≃ 4, and explore its connection with the nature of the first BH seeds and the processes governing their mass growth. To this aim, we have developed CAT (Cosmic Archaeology Tool), a new semi-analytic model that describes the formation of the first stars and BHs in a self-consistent way and follows the co-evolution of nuclear BHs and their host galaxies for a representative population at z > 4. We find that current observational constraints favour models where the growth of BH seeds is Eddington limited and occurs at the Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton rate or where super-Eddington accretion occurs via a slim disc during gas-rich galaxy mergers. The main difference between these two model variants lies at the low end of the predicted mass and luminosity functions at 4 ≤ z ≤ 6, where a clear gap appears in the first model, reflecting the stunted growth of light BH seeds formed as remnants of the first stars. Detecting this signature will be extremely challenging even for the future generation of space observatories, such as JWST, Athena, and Lynx.
The pre-He white dwarfs in eclipsing binaries – III. WASP 1625−04
Authors: Lee Jae Woo , Hong Kyeongsoo , Park Jang-Ho
Published: January 2022

1SWASP J162545.15−043027.9 (WASP 1625−04) has been announced as one of EL CVn candidates showing total primary eclipses and ellipsoidal variations. This paper presents the absolute properties of the binary star, based on our high-resolution spectroscopy conducted from 2015 through 2020. From the spectral analysis, the radial velocities (RVs) for both components were obtained with the effective temperature Teff, 1 = 8990 ± 200 K and the rotational rate $v_1\sin \, i=53\pm 5$ km s−1 for the more massive primary. The RV measurements were analysed with archival WASP photometry. From the modelling we obtained: M1 = 1.745 ± 0.013 M⊙, M2 = 0.187 ± 0.002 M⊙, R1 = 1.626 ± 0.008 M⊙, R2 = 0.290 ± 0.003 M⊙, L1 = 15.5 ± 1.4 L⊙, and L2 = 1.84 ± 0.16 L⊙. In the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, WASP 1625-04 A lies on the zero-age main sequence and its companion accords well with the helium-core white dwarf models of 0.19 M⊙ in the constant luminosity phase. Our improved results demonstrate that WASP 1625−04 is a typical EL CVn-type binary with a low-mass ratio and M2 combination in the thin-disc population and is the product of the stable, non-conservative mass transfer of the precursor binary.
Particle acceleration and multimessenger emission from starburst-driven galactic winds
Authors: Peretti Enrico , Morlino Giovanni , Blasi Pasquale , Cristofari Pierre
Published: January 2022

The enhanced star-forming activity, typical of starburst galaxies, powers strong galactic winds expanding on kiloparsec (kpc) scales and characterized by bubble structures. Here we discuss the possibility that particle acceleration may take place at the termination shock of such winds. We calculate the spectrum of accelerated particles and their maximum energy, which turns out to range up to a few hundred petaelectronvolt (PeV) for typical values of the parameters. Cosmic rays accelerated at the termination shock are advected towards the edge of the bubble excavated by the wind and eventually escape into extragalactic space. We also calculate the flux of gamma-rays and neutrinos produced by hadronic interactions in the bubble, as well as the diffuse flux resulting from the superposition of the contribution of starburst galaxies on cosmological scales. Finally, we compute the diffuse flux of cosmic rays from starburst bubbles and compare it with existing data.
Bram Stoker
Authors: Gibson Matthew
Published: January 2022

The affable and popular theater manager Bram Stoker was born in Clontarf, Ireland, to Abraham and Charlotte Stoker in 1847, into an Irish Protestant (although not Anglo-Irish) family. After a sickly childhood he grew into a robust sportsman, and attended Trinity College Dublin from 1864 to 1866, finally graduating with a BA in 1870. Following in his father’s footsteps, he joined the Irish Civil Service in 1866, where he had the opportunity to travel around Ireland as a clerk of Petty Sessions, while also becoming an unpaid theater reviewer for the Dublin Evening Mail from 1871 to 1878, and publishing his first short story, “The Crystal Cup,” in London Society 1872. This he followed with a short novel, The Primrose Path, and two short stories, “The Chain of Destiny” and “Buried Treasures,” all in the periodical The Shamrock in 1875. In 1878 he left Dublin with his wife Florence to take up the position of acting manager of Henry Irving’s Lyceum Theatre in London, and fulfilled this role until Irving’s death in 1905, also managing several American tours. In the earlier part of this period, Stoker managed to publish more fiction, including a first collection of short stories, Under the Sunset (1881), and then his first truly accomplished novel, The Snake’s Pass, set in rural Ireland, in 1890. Short but memorable pieces, “The Squaw” and “The Man from Shorrox,” appeared in periodicals in 1893 and 1894, and then two novels, The Watter’s Mou’, based on his knowledge of Cruden Bay near Aberdeen, and The Shoulder of Shasta, both 1895. Dracula, his most famous work, the product of seven years of research and rewriting, appeared in 1897, followed by a Restoration-era romance of much less merit, Miss Betty, in 1898. The Edwardian era saw his rate of productivity increase with The Mystery of the Sea (1902), another romance set in Cruden Bay, The Jewel of Seven Stars (1903), a Gothic “mummy” story, The Man (1905), Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving in 1906 (his most successful work in sales terms), and Lady Athlyne and Snowbound (a collection of theatrical short stories), both in 1908. His final, post-theater years were beset with ill health and monetary problems, as he resorted to journalism to supplement his income. However, he also produced the topical Balkan romance The Lady of the Shroud in 1909, and the chaotic The Lair of the White Worm in 1911, before dying the next year, his vibrant personality quietly mourned by London society.
Robustness of particle creation in the formation of a compact object
Authors: Okabayashi Kazumasa , Harada Tomohiro , Nakao Ken-ichi
Published: January 2022

Hawking predicted that the formation of a black hole by gravitational collapse causes quantum particle creation and the spectrum of the particles is almost thermal. This phenomenon is called Hawking radiation. Recently, it has been predicted that particle creation may drastically change from Hawking radiation to a strong double burst if the gravitational collapse suddenly stops just before the formation of the event horizon. In contrast with Hawking radiation, the burst may be so strong that it can be of observational interest even for collapsing objects with astrophysical mass scales. However, the burst phenomenon has been predicted through studies of idealized models in which a spherical hollow shell begins to collapse, but stops shrinking and eventually settles down to a static “star”. Therefore, one might guess that it could be particular to the hollow shell model. In this paper, we study particle creation due to the gravitational collapse of a spherical object whose interior is filled with matter. In this model, we obtain similar results to those in the case of the hollow shell model. This implies that the double burst is a robust property of particle creation by the sudden braking of gravitational collapse.
Which inflamed tissues explain a positive metatarsophalangeal squeeze test? A large imaging study to clarify a common diagnostic procedure
Authors: van Dijk Bastiaan T , Dakkak Yousra J , Krijbolder Doortje I , (Jendé) van Zeben D , Tchetverikov Ilja , Reijnierse Monique , van der Helm-van Mil Annette H M
Published: January 2022

Objectives

The squeeze test of MTP joints is frequently used because it is easy and cheap. It is traditionally perceived as a test for synovitis. Besides classic intra-articular synovitis, also tenosynovitis and intermetatarsal bursitis (IMB) represent synovial inflammation, albeit juxta-articularly located. Both are frequently present in RA and occasionally in other arthritides. Therefore we hypothesized that tenosynovitis and IMB contribute to a positive MTP squeeze test.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 192 early arthritis patients and 693 clinically suspect arthralgia patients underwent the MTP squeeze test and forefoot MRI at first presentation. MRI measurements in age-matched healthy controls were used to define positivity for synovitis, tenosynovitis and IMB. Logistic regression was used.

Results

In early arthritis patients, synovitis [odds ratio (OR) 4.8 (95% CI 2.5, 9.5)], tenosynovitis [2.4 (1.2, 4.7)] and IMB [1.7 (1.2, 2.6)] associated with MTP squeeze test positivity. Synovitis [OR 3.2 (95% CI 1.4, 7.2)] and IMB [3.9 (1.7, 8.8)] remained associated in multivariable analyses. Of patients with a positive MTP squeeze test, 79% had synovitis or IMB: 12% synovitis, 15% IMB and 52% both synovitis and IMB. In clinically suspect arthralgia patients, subclinical synovitis [OR 3.0 (95% CI 2.0, 4.7)], tenosynovitis [2.7 (1.6, 4.6)] and IMB [1.7 (1.2, 2.6)] associated with MTP squeeze test positivity, with the strongest association for synovitis in multivariable analysis. Of positive MTP squeeze tests, 39% had synovitis or IMB (10% synovitis, 15% IMB and 13% both synovitis and IMB).

Conclusion

Besides synovitis, IMB contributes to pain upon compression in early arthritis, presumably due to its location between MTP joints. This is the first evidence showing that MTP squeeze test positivity is not only explained by intra- but also juxta-articular inflammation.