bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rítmica e relações culturais em “Minuano (Six-eight)”, de Pat Metheny
Authors: Teixeira Luan Augusto Langaro
Published: September 2023

O presente trabalho procura apresentar uma análise sobre os padrões rítmicos da obra “Minuano (Six-Eight)”, dos compositores Pat Metheny e Lyle Mays, partindo do estabelecimento de uma relação com a música platina, expressa no próprio título da obra. O objeto de estudo é considerado um standard do repertório de jazz e pôde verificar-se que, em termos de literatura disponível sobre uma análise da obra, carece de uma aproximação detalhada à sua seção rítmica, bem como uma contextualização do conceito da peça em relação à sua própria composição. A análise foi executada a partir de uma observação do material musical rítmico contido na peça, através de transcrição do mesmo e de conceitos de autores como Cook (2001) e Kolinski (1960). Assim, o material musical intrínseco é utilizado como objeto de significação intercultural, tratando-se de uma análise conceitual da obra a partir de seus padrões rítmicos e concepção estética.
Bangladesh’s Body Parts Trade: A Critical Analysis of Gaps in Justice
Authors: Fatima Mst Kanij , Yea Sallie
Published: September 2023

The illicit trade in body parts in Bangladesh has been well-documented by both the media and academic scholarship. However, there is limited research addressing the question of the role of the law in preventing the trade and delivering criminal and remedial justice. Through a case study, this article critically evaluates the adequacy of Bangladeshi anti-trafficking law to criminalise organ trafficking whilst also ensuring victim protection. The analysis draws out three key gaps in the application of the law to achieve justice: vague laws related to organ trafficking; poor implementation of existing laws; and absence of adequate policies. We argue that gaps in international law (either their content or their application to Bangladesh), combined with problems relating to capacity, have negatively impacted domestic laws relating to organ trafficking.
Allied Aviation on the Eastern Front as Part of Operation Velvet: A View from the Soviet Side
Authors: Prigodich Nikita
Published: September 2023

The article delves into the efforts made by the Allies to deploy British and US air forces on the southern flank of the Soviet-German front during the Second World War. Its main focus is on internal Soviet military reports and diplomatic documents from the negotiations that took place in 1942, preceding Operation Velvet. The research presented examines the preparations made by the Allied aviation forces to carry out the combat missions assigned by the Soviet Air Force staff. In addition, the author analyses the simultaneous activities of the diplomatic bodies of the three countries involved in reaching an agreement on the Operation Velvet project. By drawing from various sources, the author uncovers the objectives of each side in the proposed operation and investigates the reasons behind the ultimate lack of results despite the extensive period of preparation for joint actions.
FESSTVaL: The Field Experiment on Submesoscale Spatio-Temporal Variability in Lindenberg
Authors: Hohenegger Cathy , Ament Felix , Beyrich Frank , Löhnert Ulrich , Rust Henning , Bange Jens , Böck Tobias , Böttcher Christopher , Boventer Jakob , Burgemeister Finn , Clemens Marco , Detring Carola , Detring Igor , Dewani Noviana , Duran Ivan Bastak , Fiedler Stephanie , Göber Martin , van Heerwaarden Chiel , Heusinkveld Bert , Kirsch Bastian , Klocke Daniel , Knist Christine , Lange Ingo , Lauermann Felix , Lehmann Volker , Lehmke Jonas , Leinweber Ronny , Lundgren Kristina , Masbou Matthieu , Mauder Matthias , Mol Wouter , Nevermann Hannes , Nomokonova Tatiana , Päschke Eileen , Platis Andreas , Reichardt Jens , Rochette Luc , Sakradzija Mirjana , Schlemmer Linda , Schmidli Jürg , Shokri Nima , Sobottke Vincent , Speidel Johannes , Steinheuer Julian , Turner David D. , Vogelmann Hannes , Wedemeyer Christian , Weide-Luiz Eduardo , Wiesner Sarah , Wildmann Norman , Wolz Kevin , Wetz Tamino
Published: September 2023

Numerical weather prediction models operate on grid spacings of a few kilometers, where deep convection begins to become resolvable. Around this scale, the emergence of coherent structures in the planetary boundary layer, often hypothesized to be caused by cold pools, forces the transition from shallow to deep convection. Yet, the kilometer-scale range is typically not resolved by standard surface operational measurement networks. The measurement campaign Field Experiment on Submesoscale Spatio-Temporal Variability in Lindenberg (FESSTVaL) aimed at addressing this gap by observing atmospheric variability at the hectometer-to-kilometer scale, with a particular emphasis on cold pools, wind gusts, and coherent patterns in the planetary boundary layer during summer. A unique feature was the distribution of 150 self-developed and low-cost instruments. More specifically, FESSTVaL included dense networks of 80 autonomous cold pool loggers, 19 weather stations, and 83 soil sensor systems, all installed in a rural region of 15-km radius in eastern Germany, as well as self-developed weather stations handed out to citizens. Boundary layer and upper-air observations were provided by eight Doppler lidars and four microwave radiometers distributed at three supersites; water vapor and temperature were also measured by advanced lidar systems and an infrared spectrometer; and rain was observed by a X-band radar. An uncrewed aircraft, multicopters, and a small radiometer network carried out additional measurements during a 4-week period. In this paper, we present FESSTVaL’s measurement strategy and show first observational results including unprecedented highly resolved spatiotemporal cold-pool structures, both in the horizontal as well as in the vertical dimension, associated with overpassing convective systems.
Predicting Turbulent Vertical Velocity in the Ocean Surface Layer under Mixed Convective and Wind/Wave Forcing
Authors: Gargett Ann. E.
Published: September 2023

Turbulence in the ocean surface layer is forced by a mixture of buoyancy, wind, and wave processes that evolves over time scales from the diurnal scale of buoyancy forcing, through storm time scales, to the annual cycle. This study seeks a predictor for root-mean-square w (rmsw), a time and surface layer average of turbulent vertical velocity w measured by bottom-mounted vertical-beam acoustic Doppler current profilers, in terms of concurrently measured surface forcing fields. Data used are from two coastal sites, one shallow (LEO, 15-m depth) and one deeper (R2, 26-m depth). The analysis demonstrates that it is possible to predict observed rmsw with a simple linear combination of two scale velocities, one the convective scale velocity familiar from the atmospheric literature, the other a scale velocity wS representing combined wind and wave effects. Three variants are considered for this latter scale velocity, the wind stress velocity alone and two forms using both and US, a Stokes velocity characteristic of the surface wave field. At both sites, the two-parameter fit using alone is least accurate, while fits using the other two variants are essentially indistinguishable. At both sites, the coefficient multiplying is the same, within error bounds, and within the range of previous observations. At the deeper site, the coefficient multiplying the wind/wave scale velocity wS is approximately half that at the shallow site, a difference here attributed to difference in wave character.
Role of Agrometeorological Advisory Services in Enhancing Food Security and Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change
Authors: Nannewar Rakesh Gomaji , Kanitkar Tejal , Srikanth R.
Published: September 2023

Providing knowledge inputs to farmers is critical to reduce their vulnerability and enhance resilience against climate change. In developing countries such as India, where small holdings and rain-fed agriculture are predominant, knowledge inputs become even more critical. The India Meteorological Department has provided integrated agrometeorological advisory services (AAS) to farmers since 2008. In this paper, we estimate the scale of access to AAS and its impact on crop yields in 1000 households across 10 villages in two agroclimatic zones in India. We find evidence suggesting that access to AAS can have a significant impact on crop yields in the kharif (June–September) season, whereas other inputs are more important in the case of rabi (winter) crops. Specifically, the yields of pigeon pea, soybean, and pearl millet are higher by 233, 98, and 318 kg ha−1, respectively, for AAS beneficiaries. For the entire study area, this translates to a value addition of $9.66 million for these three crops in one season. Our results show that AAS can be an important contributor to meeting the developmental goals of enhancing food security in dry-land agriculture and building resilience against climate change.

Significance Statement

In the era of climate change, with rapidly increasing weather and climatic variability, protecting the incomes of small farmers and ensuring they have the capacity to adapt and build resilience to the growing impacts of climate change is an urgent necessity. We have studied the impact of knowledge services such as the agrometeorological advisory services of the India Meteorological Department on crop yields for major crops in dry agroclimatic zones in India. The study shows that large public programs like the agrometeorological advisory services that bring science to people in meaningful ways can contribute significantly to meeting developmental goals and building resilience against climate change.
Developments in collective bargaining during 2022 and their implications for the future
Authors: Hamberger Jonathan
Published: September 2023

2022 saw a slight increase in the willingness of unions to use or prepare to use industrial action as part of collective bargaining. However, pay rises for employees covered by enterprise agreements generally lagged those received by the broader workforce. Employees on average saw a significant cut in their real wages. Towards the end of 2022, the recently elected Albanese government made several changes to the bargaining provisions contained in the Fair Work Act 2010 (the FW Act) with the explicit goal of increasing the pace of wage rises. By increasing union bargaining power, it is likely that these amendments will eventually lead to a higher rate of wage growth than would otherwise be the case, though a number of factors may limit likely size of any such effect.
Guidelines for the establishment and functioning of Animal Ethics Commitees (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees) in Africa
Authors: Mohr Bert J , Souilem Ouajdi , Fahmy Sohair R , Fakoya Francis , Gaafar Khadiga , Kantiyok Josiah T , Khammar Farida , Mbarek Sarrah , Mugisha Lawrence , Sleem Hany , Toma Alemayehu , van Rooyen Maricél , Zakumumpa Henry , Lewis David I
Published: September 2023

Animals are used for scientific purposes across Africa to benefit humans, animals or the environment. Nonetheless, ethical and regulatory oversight remains limited in many parts of the continent. To strengthen this governance framework, the Pan-African Network for Laboratory Animal Science and Ethics brought together experts from 12 African countries to create an Africa-centric practical guide to facilitate the establishment and appropriate functioning of Institutional Animal Ethics Committees across Africa. The Guidelines are based on universal principles for the care and use of sentient animals for scientific purposes, with consideration of the cultural, religious, political and socio-economic diversity in Africa. They focus on 11 key elements, including responsibilities of institutions and of the Institutional Official; composition of the Committee; its responsibilities, functioning and authority; ethical application and review processes; oversight and monitoring of animal care and use and of training and competence; quality assurance; and the roles of other responsible parties. The intent is for African institutions to adopt and adapt the guidelines, aligning with existing national legislation and standards where relevant, thus ensuring incorporation into practice. More broadly, the Guidelines form an essential component of the growing discourse in Africa regarding moral considerations of, and appropriate standards for, the care and use of animals for scientific purposes. The increased establishment of appropriately functioning animal ethics committees and robust ethical review procedures across Africa will enhance research quality and culture, strengthen societal awareness of animals as sentient beings, improve animal well-being, bolster standards of animal care and use, and contribute to sustainable socio-economic development.
Geographic Distance and State's Grip: Information Asymmetry, State Inattention, and Firm Implementation of State Policy
Authors: Yang Xiyi , Wang Heli , Zhou Xiaoyu
Published: September 2023

In this study, we develop the argument that geographic distance between the state and local governments undermines the state's capacity to influence the implementation of state policies by local organizations. Drawing from information economics and the attention-based view, we propose that physical distance reduces the state's monitoring effectiveness through two interrelated mechanisms: information asymmetry and state leaders’ inattention to distant issues. Using data of Chinese public firms’ implementation of environmental activities between 2008 and 2016, we find that firms conduct fewer environmental activities required by the state when they are regulated by local governments that are more geographically distant to Beijing. This distance effect is, however, attenuated in regions with higher levels of gross domestic product growth and Internet activism. Furthermore, firm characteristics that draw the direct attention of state leaders and provide alternative information channels—namely, firm visibility and government subsidy received—negatively moderate the effect of geographic distance. This study contributes to the literatures by identifying a geography-based view of state capacity in shaping organizational behaviors and its underlying mechanisms.
The detrimental effect of high mobility on long-term mental health trajectories following Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Merdjanoff Alexis , Friedman Sarah , Piltch-Loeb Rachael , Abramson David M
Published: September 2023

This article uses longitudinal data from the Gulf Coast Child and Family Health Study to examine the impact of residential mobility on the long-term mental health trajectories of individuals displaced or severely impacted by Hurricane Katrina. Analyses begin with a descriptive understanding of residential mobility post-Katrina, including an explanation of who moved and how often in the 13 years after the storm, and determine which social groups were more likely to experience residential mobility than others. Secondly, it builds on these descriptive results by examining how residential mobility can influence the mental health of disaster survivors over time. Lastly, analyses determine how residential mobility rates differ depending on various social characteristics, and how such relationships influence mental health recovery. Results demonstrate that there is a statistically significant relationship between high rates of residential mobility and mental health recovery, and that particular social characteristics increase the risk for high residential mobility.
Critical Lessons in Tailoring Interventions: Listening to WISEWOMAN Participants
Authors: Park Yuae , King Jennifer , Eggleston Molly M. , Elias Thistle I.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To explore perspectives of participants in the WISEWOMAN program in Pennsylvania (PA-WISE) on challenges and facilitators of reducing cardiovascular disease risk as low-income and un-/under-insured middle-aged women.

Approach

Researchers conducted this 2 year qualitative data collection as one component of a broader, 5 year PA-WISE process and outcome evaluation.

Setting

Women from across Pennsylvania, primarily from rural communities.

Participants

Interviewees were low-income, un-/under-insured women aged 40-64 years who had recently participated in PA-WISE-facilitated health coaching and lifestyle programs (HC/LSPs).

Methods – data collection and analysis

Researchers conducted individual telephone interviews with 38 women from four discrete samples of PA-WISE participants at 4 time points. Three researchers used grounded theory, and an iterative process of line-by-line coding, data display, and reanalysis to identify emerging themes, sub-themes, and their relationships.

Results

Participants shared the important benefits of specific PA-WISE program traits. However, participants described significant financial constraints, difficult schedules, caregiving responsibilities, and insufficient social support as persistent challenges in their lives, making lifestyle changes in general, and program participation specifically, difficult.

Conclusion

The challenges that low-income and un-/under-insured women identified amplify the importance of having interventions that offer flexibility, options, and tailoring of supports and resources. The timeless challenges articulated by participants in this study completed just before the COVID-19 pandemic, remain relevant to be addressed through the pandemic and beyond.
Investigations of the wear and corrosion characteristics of Al-SiC-WC hybrid composites produced via stir casting
Authors: Suresh N , Balamurugan L , Jayabalakrishnan D
Published: September 2023

In this research, AA6061 T6 composites were manufactured using a stir casting technique reinforced with silicon carbide and tungsten carbide. Three distinct compositions of samples were created by altering the weight proportion of silicon carbide and tungsten carbide (0%, 4%, and 8%). The powders were subjected to SEM analysis and Laser Particle Size analysis, followed by planetary ball milling. EDX analysis and XRD analysis were conducted to verify the chemical composition of the particles. Dry sliding wear characteristics were tested using pin-on-disc equipment and wear morphologies were investigated using SEM. Wear rate measured as volume of stock removed per meter length was found to be 1.26 × 10−3 mm3/m for 8% reinforced composites compared to 2.56 × 10−3 mm3/m for the basic material. The aqueous NaCl spray method was adopted to examine the corrosion resistance behaviour of composites. The investigations on corrosion were analyzed with potentiodynamic studies and found that reinforced composites show resistant to corrosion. 8% SiC, WC reinforced composites show improved corrosion resistance compared with unreinforced alloy. The research data shows that the material can be produced and employed in automotive, aerospace, braking application, marine environments etc.
How to have great sex: Exploring sexual subjectivities and discourses of desire in mainstream online media aimed at women
Authors: Tappin Jessica , Riley Sarah , Morison Tracy
Published: September 2023

Affirmative sexual subjectivity and agency are fostered by positive understandings of sexual desire and pleasure. Yet, research shows that print media circulate problematic discourses, including constructing women's desire as passive, linked to objectification, or as a form of (postfeminist) empowerment enacted through pleasing men. Developing this work with a specific focus on digital media and the subject positions offered there, a Foucauldian-informed discourse analysis was performed on 75 online articles, identified through a systematic search intending to replicate the information young women are exposed to during everyday internet use. The analysis produced three subject positions: the “Made through the male gaze” woman whose experience of sexual desire was contingent on men's desire; the “Working on it woman” who employed self-help methods to improve her libido and match a socially acceptable male standard; and the “Sexual connoisseur,” a postfeminist subject position who is sexually knowledgeable and confident yet still prioritises men's pleasure. The analysis demonstrates a hetero-gendered discursive framework operating within mainstream media accounts, wherein men's sexual agency and desire are prioritised over women's even in apparently sex-positive and feminist-oriented articles.
Recruiting a Hard-to-Reach, Hidden and Vulnerable Population: The Methodological and Practical Pitfalls of Researching Vaccine-Hesitant Parents
Authors: Hilário Ana Patrícia , Scavarda Alice , Numerato Dino , Mendonça Joana , Cardano Mario , Marhankova Jaroslava , Gariglio Luigi , Vuolanto Pia , Anderson Alistair , Auvinen Petra , Bracke Piet , Douglass Tom , Hobson-West Pru , Lermytte Esther , Polak Paulina , Rudek Tadeusz
Published: September 2023

While recruitment is an essential aspect of any research project, its challenges are rarely acknowledged. We intend to address this gap by discussing the challenges to the participation of vaccine-hesitant parents defined here as a hard-to-reach, hidden and vulnerable population drawing on extensive empirical qualitative evidence from seven European countries. The difficulties in reaching vaccine-hesitant parents were very much related to issues concerning trust, as there appears to be a growing distrust in experts, which is extended to the work developed by researchers and their funding bodies. These difficulties have been accentuated by the public debate around COVID-19 vaccination, as it seems to have increased parents’ hesitancy to participate. Findings from recruiting 167 vaccine-hesitant parents in seven European countries suggest that reflexive and sensible recruitment approaches should be developed.
Nomogram Model Based on Iodine Nutrition and Clinical Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma to Predict Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Wang Junrong , Gao Yuzhang , Zong Yuxuan , Gao Weitong , Wang Xueying , Sun Ji , Miao Susheng
Published: September 2023

Objective

Preoperative evaluation of lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been one of the major clinical challenges. This study aims to develop and validate iodine nutrition-related nomogram models to predict lateral cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC.

Methods

This is a retrospective study. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and serum iodine concentration (SIC) were measured in 187 LLNM patients and 289 non-LLNM (NLLNM) patients. All patients were randomized 3:1 into the training cohort (n = 355) and the validation cohort (n = 121). Using logistic regression analysis, we analyzed the influence of iodine nutrition-related factors and clinicopathological characteristics on LLNM in PTC patients. Lasso regression method was used to screen risk factors and construct a nomogram for predicting LLNM. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) of the nomogram models were carried out for the training and validation cohorts.

Results

Gender, SIC, smoking history, drinking history, family history of PTC, multifocality, bilateral or unilateral tumors, TSH, Tg, and tumor size were included in the nomogram model predicting LLNM, with an area under the curve (AUC) of .795. The nomogram model showed good calibration and clinical benefit in both the training and validation cohorts.

Conclusion

The nomogram model based on iodine nutrition and other clinicopathological features is effective for predicting the lateral lymph node metastasis in PTC patients.
Feminist Semiotics of “Safe”: Intimate Violence in the Time of Pandemic
Authors: Preser Ruth
Published: September 2023

This article explores the discursive politics of intimate partner violence during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Israel. It asks how, despite greater awareness and recognition, intimate violence disappeared from the mindset of those managing the pandemic, even as it soars. The analysis traces the conditions that enable the dialectic of presence–disappearance, by reading the ideological prescriptions in policy papers, parliamentary debates, court appeals, and media debates. I argue that disregard of intimate violence is made possible by the idealization of home and family as spaces of security and protection, coupled with the mobilization of militaristic measures and discourses.
COVID-19-related mortality in Texas border counties vs non-border counties
Authors: Obaid Amna , Khalafi Seyed , Dwivedi Alok K , Singh Vishwajeet , Dihowm Fatma
Published: September 2023

The state of Texas ranked second in total cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States during the pandemic. Counties near the US–Mexico border were severely impacted by the pandemic. Mortality and long-term consequences from COVID-19 are associated with comorbidities, illness severity, and patient demographics. However, differences in outcomes between border and non-border counties are unknown. In this retrospective observational study, data were obtained for analysis from the Texas hospital inpatient discharge public use data file from 2020 to 2021 for adult patients with COVID-19 based on the associated international classification of disease 10 codes. Patients were categorized into border or non-border counties. The clinical outcomes included mortality, length of stay, mortality risk, illness severity, and intensive care unit (ICU) or critical care unit (CCU) admissions. Cost differences between border and non-border counties were analyzed. Age, gender, race, ethnicity, admission type, location, and year of diagnosis were covariates. A total of 1,745,312 patients were included in this analysis. 25% of COVID-19 patients admitted in Texas were from border counties. Patient mortality was 5.35% in border counties compared to 3.87% in non-border counties (p = 0.003). In border counties, 36.51% and 32.96% of patients required ICU and CCU admissions compared to 32.96% and 10.72%, respectively in non-border counties. Border counties had significantly higher risk of mortality (relative risk (RR) = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.09–1.46, p = 0.002), ICU admission (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01–1.32, p = 0.038), CCU admission (RR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.93, 4.27, p < 0.001), and ICU/CCU admission (RR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.48, p < 0.001) which reflects health disparities in the management of COVID-19 in border counties of Texas.
Utility of histopathological examination in aseptic revision total hip arthroplasty: a preliminary analysis
Authors: Rossmann Markus , Aljawabra Alaa , Mau Hans , Citak Mustafa , Gehrke Thorsten , Klatte Till Orla , Abdelaziz Hussein
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

The utility of a routine histopathological examination in aseptic revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) has not been well explored. We aim to describe the approach and present the results of histopathological examination, focusing on its clinical usefulness in the setting of aseptic revision THA.

Method:

We retrospectively reviewed 285 performed aseptic revision THA with available histopathological reports between 2015 and 2017 at a single institution. We described histopathological requests by the surgical team. Preoperative diagnoses, intraoperative findings, as well as histopathology and culture results were analysed.

Results:

13 painful THAs (4.5%) had preoperatively unknown diagnoses. In 10 of them, potential causes of pain were intraoperatively identified. Histopathology confirmed these findings in 8 THAs. 19 THAs (6.7%) revealed unexpected positive cultures (UPC). Histopathology was negative for infection in 18 of them. Among 16 consultants, 3 surgeons requested histopathology in 47% of the cases (130/285), usually to exclude infection (101/285; 35%). Documentation for tissue sample location was lacking in 51% (145/285), and for question asked by the surgeon in 47% (135/285).

Conclusions:

Histopathology is deemed a useful confirmatory tool in the context of ruling out infection in UPCs, and in documenting intraoperative findings in painful THAs with unknown preoperative diagnoses. Importantly, the approach to requesting histopathology should be optimised. Further large-scale studies, including cost analyses, are warranted to explore the usefulness of histopathology in routine utility.
Change of position as defence to unjust enrichment claims: Stories from Hong Kong
Authors: Lin Siyi , You Henry ZY
Published: September 2023

The recent decision of the Hong Kong High Court (the ‘HKHC’) in Credit One Finance Limited v Yeung Kwok Chi & Others is worthy of the attention of the common law world. The HKHC followed a ‘but for’ test developed by English courts and established that reliance on receipt of enrichment is not a necessary ingredient of the change of position defence. This case not only marks itself the first Hong Kong case discussing the role of reliance in the change of position defence but also offers a comparative study of the laws of unjust enrichment in the common law world. As observed by this note, this case also reflects an underlying divergence between, on the one hand, English and Hong Kong laws of unjust enrichment and, on the other hand, the law of unjust enrichment in Australia in terms of the change of position defence. In addition to the clarification of the legal position, this case comes with practical implications for innocent defendants in receipt of benefits and serves as an important reminder to financial institutions on the importance of anti-money laundering and fraud investigations.
Promoting teacher knowledge sharing in China: The fostering roles of authentic leadership, reciprocity norms, and organizational trust
Authors: Zhang Wanying , Bowers Alex J , Pang Shilong
Published: September 2023

Knowledge sharing is a fundamental resource for enhancing the competitiveness of schools. However, in many Chinese schools, there is a low level of teacher knowledge sharing. To address this issue, this study aimed to explain teacher knowledge sharing through principal authentic leadership, reciprocal norms, and organizational trust. Data from 4,524 teachers in 16 provinces in mainland China were analyzed using a structural equation model and bootstrapping tests. The results revealed that principal authentic leadership had a positive association with teacher knowledge sharing. Reciprocity norms and organizational trust not only served as independent mediators between authentic leadership and teachers’ knowledge sharing but also played a chain-mediating role. Moreover, the separate mediating effect of organizational trust was the most significant, accounting for 29.17% of the total effect. This study underscores the importance of authentic leadership, reciprocal norms, and organizational trust and provides recommendations for school management practices.
A hospital care coordination team intervention for patients with multimorbidity: A practice-based, participatory pilot study
Authors: Verhoeff Marlies , de Groot Janke F. , Peters-Siskens Hanneke , van Kan Erik , Vermeeren Yolande , van Munster Barbara C.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

This study aims to develop and pilot a hospital care coordination team intervention for patients with multimorbidity and identify key uncertainties

Methods

Practice-based, participatory pilot study with mixed methods in a middle-large teaching hospital. We included adult patients who had visited seven or more outpatient specialist clinics in 2018. The intervention consisted of an intake, a comprehensive review by a dedicated care coordination team, a consultation to discuss results and two follow-up appointments. We collected both quantitative and qualitative data.

Results

Out of 131 invited patients, 28 participants received the intake and comprehensive review. The intervention resulted in mixed outputs and short-term outcomes. Among the 28 participants, 21 received recommendations for at least two out of three categories (medication, involved medical specialists, other). Patients’ experienced effects ranged from no to very large effects. Key uncertainties were how to identify patients with a need for care coordination and the minimum of required data that can be collected during regular clinical care with feasible effort.

Discussion

Recruitment and selection for hospital care coordination should be refined to include patients with multimorbidity who might benefit most. Outcomes of research and clinical care should align and first focus on evaluating the results of care coordination before evaluating health-related outcomes.
Variation of diagnosis and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infections: an online survey among caretakers involved
Authors: van Doorn Tess , Berendsen Sophie A. , Coolen Rosa L. , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Blok Bertil F. M.
Published: September 2023

Background:

The diagnosis of a clinically significant catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in patients performing clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) or with an indwelling catheter (IC) can be challenging.

Objective:

To get an insight into the variation of the used definition, diagnosis and management of CAUTIs by relevant healthcare workers in the Netherlands.

Design:

An online clinical scenario-based survey.

Methods:

The survey was built in Limesurvey and distributed to healthcare workers from randomly selected urology departments, rehabilitation departments/centres and general practice offices between January and May 2022. Questions regarding their field of experience, management strategies, used guidelines and two hypothetical cases with clinical scenarios of a possible CAUTI were included.

Results:

A total of 172 individuals participated, of which 112 completed the survey. In all, 32 individuals who completed the survey partially were also included. Participants consisted of 68 [44 urologists, 22 rehabilitation doctors (RDs) and 2 general practitioners (GPs)] doctors, 60 nurses (46 from the urology department and 14 from rehabilitation centres/departments) and 16 medical assistants (13 from urology department and 3 from GP offices). The majority consulted patients with an IC or on CIC on a daily/weekly or monthly basis. In all, 35 urologists (79.5%), 9 RDs (40.9%), 21 (45.7%) nurses in the urology department and 6 (42.9%) nurses from a rehabilitation department/centre indicated bladder irrigation as a treatment option for prevention/treatment of CAUTIs, treatment of symptoms or treatment of blockage of the catheter. In the clinical scenarios presented, treatment discrepancies were seen between subspecialties and healthcare workers. Various guidelines were named for the definition of CAUTIs.

Conclusion:

A considerable variation in diagnoses and management of CAUTIs between the healthcare workers involved was seen. Uniformity in diagnosing and managing CAUTIs, to prevent overtreatment and possible resistance to antibiotics, is advised. Suitable multidisciplinary guidelines are preferred.
An investigation on the structural vibrations of multi-rotor passenger drones
Authors: Chen Kejing , Meng Wei , Wang Jinhan , Liu Kun , Lu Zhenbo
Published: September 2023

In order to solve the structural damage problem of the first generation of large multi-rotor manned drones, the present work has designed to study the structural vibration problems of multi-rotor drones. On a small multi-rotor drone, the laser vibration meter verified the reliability of acceleration sensor measurement of vibration and found that circular shape carbon fiber arms have strong damping abilities, with the strongest vibration in the Z-axis direction. To improve the design of the second generation of large multi-rotor manned drones, elliptical shape carbon fiber arms were employed instead of circular arms. Experiments showed that the main vibrations of the large multi-rotor manned drone’s arm are low-frequency vibrations below 200Hz, producing mainly torsional and bending modes, and the elliptical carbon fiber arms significantly reduce vibrations in the Z-axis direction. This study provides experimental data support for multi-rotor manned drones and further presents an improvement strategy for suppressing the vibrations of the multi-rotor manned drones.
Drawing the line: Teachers affectively and discursively question what counts as “appropriate behavior” in schools
Authors: McMain Emma M
Published: September 2023

School rules, classroom norms, and social and emotional learning (SEL) modules carefully define, hone, and regulate what counts as “appropriate” and “inappropriate” behavior from students. While the stated intention behind these practices is typically to promote a sense of safety, well-being, and productivity in schooling, behavioral rules can also uphold racist, ableist, and neoliberal practices that pathologize and exclude children’s bodily expressions. The line between behaviors that are “dangerous” versus “different” is laden with hegemonic power dynamics, and teachers must be encouraged to recognize these dynamics and resist them. I collaborated with six elementary-school teachers in the northwest United States to speak critically and self-reflectively about educational practices including SEL and classroom management. This paper explores instances in which the teachers grappled with where and how to draw lines around acceptable and unacceptable behavior, resisting an immediate exclusionary response to any behavior deemed undesirable. The teachers’ affective dialogue demonstrates that reconsidering the limits of appropriate behavior is crucial yet complicated. I call for greater value and support to be placed on opportunities for teachers to openly discuss where lines should be drawn and where they might be loosened in ways that advocate for children’s agency, diversity, and social-emotional wholeness.
The Effect of Do-It-Yourself Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Variables and Participant-Reported Outcomes in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Sehgal Shekhar , Elbalshy Mona , Williman Jonathan , Galland Barbara , Crocket Hamish , Hall Rosemary , Paul Ryan , Leikis Robert , de Bock Martin , Wheeler Benjamin J.
Published: September 2023

Aim:

Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) has several advantages over intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) but generally comes at a higher cost. Do-it-yourself rtCGM (DIY-rtCGM) potentially has benefits similar to those of rtCGM. This study compared outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes using DIY-rtCGM versus isCGM.

Methods:

In this crossover trial, adults with type 1 diabetes were randomized to use isCGM or DIY-rtCGM for eight weeks before crossover to use the other device for eight weeks, after a four-week washout period where participants reverted back to isCGM. The primary endpoint was time in range (TIR; 3.9-10 mmol/L). Secondary endpoints included other glycemic control measures, psychosocial outcomes, and sleep quality.

Results:

Sixty participants were recruited, and 52 (87%) completed follow-up. Glucose outcomes were similar in the DIY-rtCGM and isCGM groups, including TIR (53.1% vs 51.3%; mean difference −1.7% P = .593), glycosylated hemoglobin (57.0 ± 17.8 vs 61.4 ± 12.2 mmol/L; P = .593), and time in hypoglycemia <3.9 mmol/L (3.9 ± 3.8% vs 3.8 ± 4.0%; P = .947). Hypoglycemia Fear Survey total score (1.17 ± 0.52 vs 0.97 ± 0.54; P = .02) and fear of hypoglycemia score (1.18 ± 0.64 vs 0.97 ± 0.45; P = .02) were significantly higher during DIY-rtCGM versus isCGM. Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status (DTSQS) score was also higher with DIY-rtCGM versus isCGM (28.7 ± 5.8 vs 26.0 ± 5.8; P = .04), whereas diabetes-related quality of life was slightly lower (DAWN2 Impact of Diabetes score: 3.11 ± 0.4 vs 3.32 ± 0.51; P = .045); sleep quality did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Although the use of DIY-rtCGM did not improve glycemic outcomes compared with isCGM, it positively impacted several patient-reported psychosocial variables. DIY-rtCGM potentially provides an alternative, cost-effective rtCGM option.
Impact on mental health, disease management, and socioeconomic modifications in hematological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Authors: De Muro Marianna , Janssen Annelot Julia , Amadori Sergio , de Fabritiis Paolo , Sabatino Dante , Niscola Pasquale , Torti Lorenza , Trawinska Malgorzata Monika , Tesei Cristiano , Bombaci Felice , Tarricone Mario , Bocchia Monica , Fava Carmen , Galimberti Sara , Iurlo Alessandra , Luciano Luigia , Abruzzese Elisabetta
Published: September 2023

Background:

Hematological patients are a highly vulnerable population with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms due to their immunocompromised status. COVID-19 has proven to cause serious mental health issues, such as stress, anxiety, and depression in the general population. However, data on the psycho-social impact of COVID-19 on hematological patients are lacking.

Objectives:

This study aims to examine the psychological well-being of hematological patients in Italy during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it seeks to explore the association between modifications in the management of hematological diseases and employment status of these patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting mental health outcomes.

Design and Methods:

A survey using the DASS-21 questionnaire was administered to 1105 hematological patients. Data analysis was conducted using the R software, and logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the association between hematological patient/general population and employment status with DASS scores.

Results:

The hematological patient population reported significantly higher levels of depression (OR 0.947, 95% CI 0.966–0.982, p < 0.001), anxiety (OR 0.948, 95% CI 0.939–0.958, p < 0.001), and stress (OR 0.984, 95% CI 0.977–0.992, p < 0.001) compared with the general population. A significant relationship has been found in stress between employed and unemployed patients (OR 1.015, 95% CI 1.000–1.030, p = 0.044), as well as in the control group (OR 1.024, 95% CI 1.010–1.039, p = 0.001). In addition, employment status is significantly related to depression, anxiety, and stress in both the hematological patient group and the general population.

Conclusion:

During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, hematological patients had elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress compared with the general population. The delay in their treatment and employment status played a role in their mental health outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of further research to gain deeper insight into the long-term psychological effects and explore effective strategies for managing mental health in similar crises.
Of headlamps and marbles: A motivated perceptual approach to the dynamic and dialectic nature of fairness
Authors: Bashshur Michael R. , Barclay Laurie J. , Fortin Marion
Published: September 2023

How do people perceive fairness? Recently, fairness scholars have raised important theoretical questions related to what information is used in fairness perceptions, why this information is emphasized, and how fairness perceptions can change over time. Integrating the Brunswikian lens approach with a motivated cognition perspective, we develop the Motivated Perceptual Approach (MPA) to highlight how people can be motivated to selectively perceive and weight cues to form fairness perceptions that align with their motives. However, these motives can change over time and through interaction with motivated others. By illuminating the dynamic and dialectic processes underlying fairness perceptions, the MPA sheds light on how people's fairness perceptions can be influenced by their own motives as well as socially constructed and negotiated through interactions with motivated others. Practical insights include how to effectively manage fairness perceptions over time and across perspectives. We conclude with a research agenda for advancing the fairness literature.

Plain Summary

Whether or not people perceive they (or others) have been treated fairly or are treating others fairly at work, has implications for a variety of important outcomes ranging from helping others (when people perceive fairness) to undermining supervisors, making plans to quit or punishing bad actors (when people perceive unfairness). Important questions remain, however, around how people come to these perceptions in the first place. How do they decide what is fair? A long time assumption has been that these perceptions are subjective and motivated; that “fairness is in the eye of the beholder.” Based on this assumption, two people who experience the same event may come away with very different fairness perceptions. This is a crucial insight that helps explain the significant disparities in perceptions of fairness between people. However, as a field, we seem to have strayed from that foundational assumption. In this paper, we revisit this premise to develop an approach describing how people collect and integrate information to inform their fairness perceptions, highlighting the particular role that their motives (what they want to perceive, e.g., that they are fair actors, that they are treated well by important others) shape what information they attend to and use in arriving at their perceptions of fairness. From this perspective we explain how fairness perceptions can change over time, explain and predict differences between perspectives (e.g., managers and employees), and provide guidance for developing practical interventions that can reduce these differences before they become intractable.
Vaccine response in people with multiple sclerosis treated with fumarates
Authors: Tremblay Matthew A. , Vukusic Sandra , Shanmugasundaram Mathura , Bozin Ivan , Levin Seth , Gocke Anne , Wipfler Peter
Published: September 2023

People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have an increased risk of infection. As disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and other treatments may interact with the immune system, there may be concerns about vaccine efficacy and safety. Therefore, it is important to evaluate possible interactions between DMTs and vaccines. The fumarates, dimethyl fumarate, diroximel fumarate, and monomethyl fumarate, are approved for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. This review assesses the evidence on vaccine response in pwMS treated with fumarates, with a particular focus on COVID-19 vaccines. Treatment with fumarates does not appear to result in blunting of humoral responses to vaccination; for COVID-19 vaccines, particularly RNA-based vaccines, evidence indicates antibody responses similar to those of healthy recipients. While data on the effect of fumarates on T-cell responses are limited, they do not indicate any significant blunting. COVID-19 vaccines impart a similar degree of protection against severe COVID-19 infection for pwMS on fumarates as in the general population. Adverse reactions following vaccination are generally consistent with those observed in the wider population; no additional safety signals have emerged in those on fumarates. Additionally, no increase in relapse has been observed in pwMS following vaccination. In pwMS receiving fumarates, vaccination is generally safe and elicits protective immune responses.