bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coliformes Totais e Escherichia coli em Polpas de Frutas Comercializadas no Sudoeste da Bahia
Authors: Diniz Cinthia Moreira , Reis Rosilaine Barbosa Silva , Vieira Viviane Figueiredo
Published: May 2017

A fim de minimizar as perdas, aliado a crescente demanda de pessoas que tem buscado por uma alimentação mais saudável, realizando dietas ricas em frutas, na qual se deseja manter o sabor e cor da fruta “in natura”, assim como a composição nutricional e funcional dela, surge à polpa de fruta congelada por apresentar eficiência e praticidade ao consumidor. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar as características microbiológicas de polpas de frutas congeladas comercializadas no Sudoeste da Bahia, através da análise de micro-organismos coliformes totais e pesquisa de Escherichia coli. Foram avaliadas 27 amostras de polpas congeladas de frutas, em embalagens de 100 g, dentro do prazo de validade, sendo 03 das marcas (A, B e C), 03 sabores de cada marca (Acerola, Cajá e Goiaba) e 03 lotes diferentes de cada sabor, a aquisição foi realizada em supermercados no Sudoeste da Bahia. Segundo com os dados encontrados, observa-se que as 27 amostras não apresentaram crescimento coliformes totais e E. Coli. O limite para coliformes termotolerantes em polpas de frutas congeladas acometidas ou não a tratamento térmico instituído pela RDC nº 12/2001, o valor de 10²/g. A legislação não exibe parâmetro para coliformes totais, porém, foi realizada análise desse micro-organismo por o mesmo ser um indicativo da qualidade higiênico-sanitária. Os dados encontrados no estudo, as amostras de polpas de frutas avaliadas estão dentro dos padrões determinados pela legislação para micro-organismos coliformes totais e pesquisa de Escherichia Coli.
Principais Medicamentos Utilizados no tratamento da Obesidade e Vias de Ação: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Costa Alciêne Maria De Jesus , Duarte Stênio Fernando Pimentel
Published: May 2017

A obesidade é considerada um dos mais graves problemas de saúde pública e uma epidemia global, é definida como acúmulo excessivo e anormal de gordura no organismo, que pode atingir níveis capazes de comprometer a saúde em diversas faixas etárias, além disso, poderá influenciar na qualidade de vida de crianças e adultos, estando envolvida em consequências psicológicas e sociais. Diante deste cenário, o presente estudo teve por objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os principais medicamentos utilizados no tratamento da obesidade e suas vias de ação. A metodologia adotada no presente trabalho foi uma revisão sistemática incluindo artigos sobre os principais fármacos utilizados no tratamento da obesidade. Para esse trabalho foi realizado o levantamento bibliográfico de 40 artigos científicos e foram selecionados 24 artigos dos últimos 6 anos. Foi possível observar nos estudos compilados por esse trabalho, que a maioria dos medicamentos utilizados para o tratamento da obesidade consistem em drogas sintéticas derivadas das anfetaminas que atuam diretamente sobre o sistema nervoso central, mais especificamente sobre as regulações do hipotálamo. O estudo sugere que a atenção farmacêutica é de suma importância para prevenção e promoção da saúde, pois pode proporcionar a redução dos problemas relacionados ao abuso de medicamentos moderadores do apetite,
A Comunicação entre a farmácia e a enfermagem na Administração segura de Medicamentos
Authors: Oliveira Paula Rocha , Oliveira Alcileide Maria , Portela Fernanda Santos , Soares Fernanda de Jesus
Published: May 2017

Nos últimos anos, grandes discussões acerca da necessidade de otimizar a qualidade e segurança dos paciente hospitalizados, vem se formando no cenário hospitalar. Muitos prejuízos na segurança e saúde do paciente são evidenciados,  principalmente por conta da negligência dos profissionais de saúde. Contudo, a fim de evitar erros de medicamentos, é necessário que haja uma maior comunicação entre os setores da organização hospitalar, principalmente entre a farmácia e a equipe de enfermagem, a fim de, minimizar e até evitar erros. Assim, este trabalho faz referência à comunicação entre a farmácia e a enfermagem na administração segura de medicamentos. Metodologia: O presente estudo se embasa em uma temática de cunho exploratório com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, realizada em um hospital, no interior da Bahia. O estudo abrangeu os profissionais de saúde do hospital privado, que participaram do estudo, de forma aleatória. Estes profissionais foram os enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem, farmacêuticos e auxiliares de farmácia, nos setores da enfermaria e farmácia. O instrumento para coleta foi um questionário aplicado pela autora que continham perguntas pertinentes ao projeto, para os profissionais citados, a fim de entender o fluxo interno do hospital desde o momento do lançamento da prescrição médica até a administração do medicamento no paciente. Resultados: A prevalência em relação ao gênero dos profissionais estudados é o sexo feminino com (64%) e os funcionários de maior destaque foram os técnicos de enfermagem (45%). Em relação ao papel do farmacêutico, ele não possui contato com o paciente (64%) e que muitas vezes, este profissional não faz a dispensação do medicamento na farmácia do hospital, (77%). Pode-se observar, também, que sucessivas vezes o farmacêutico não analisa a prescrição a ser dispensada (64%), mas, existe uma dupla conferência do medicamento dispensado, (100%). Em conformidade com as prescrições, este documento é acessível a todos os profissionais de saúde do hospital (95%), mas que não é legível (59%). Quando alguma duvida surge sobre o esquema terapêutico, (50%) dos funcionários recorrem ao farmacêutico e, quando vão administrar o medicamento no paciente, (86%) revelam que informam ao paciente sobre o mesmo. Por fim, em relação à administração dos medicamentos potencialmente perigosos, (50%) dos entrevistados responderam que não há treinamento específico para esta capacitação. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, porém para atingir o sucesso organizacional e profissional, é necessário que algumas medidas sejam adotas na unidade médica. A capacitação e treinamento para medicamentos potencialmente perigosos em pronto socorro foi uma queixa observada durante a coleta de dados e se faz extremamente necessária aos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem.
Percepção de Estresse entre Discentes do Curso de Enfermagem de uma IES
Authors: Moreira Thaís Da Silva , Araújo Giovana Fernandes
Published: May 2017

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a percepção de estresse entre estudantes de enfermagem do último semestre de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) particular, no sudoeste da Bahia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de natureza qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizado através de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado, no período de 05 a 10 de maio de 2017. Participaram 15 estudantes de enfermagem matriculados no turno vespertino. As entrevistas, após realizadas, foram transcritas para o programa Word/Starter 2010. Os dados foram analisados visando a identificação das categorias e unidades temáticas a partir da utilização do referencial de Bardin. A análise foi ancorada no referencial teórico escolhido. Após apreciação dos dados, emergiram quatro categorias a saber: conceito do estresse; compreensão dos sinais e sintomas do estresse; fatores estressantes percebidos diariamente e fatores estressantes esperados na vida acadêmica e futuro profissional. Os resultados do estudo levam à reflexão de que é preciso que no meio acadêmico haja medidas preventivas ou redutoras de estresses, para que a aprendizagem se efetive de forma satisfatória e os alunos sejam preparados para o enfrentamento dos desafios da profissão.
“Until Death Do We (Queers) Part”: (Queer) Biblical Interpretation, (Invented) Truth, and Presumption in Controversies Concerning Biblical Characters’ Sexualities
Authors: Miller Joshua H.
Published: May 2017

This article analyzes the arguments for and against the existence of queer characters in the Bible. Situated in a larger debate about whether or not scripture condemns queerness, public arguments proclaiming the existence of queer biblical characters remain underexplored by queer rhetorical scholars. This article argues that the argumentative strategies made by people in response to the possibility of queer biblical characters mirrors how people respond to dominant beliefs that suggest scripture condemns queerness. As such, arguments about biblical characters’ sexualities undermine a heteronormative presumption in favor of readings of scripture that condemn queerness.
Recent Hybridization between a Polar Bear and Grizzly Bears in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Pongracz Jodie D. , Paetkau David , Branigan Marsha , Richardson Evan
Published: May 2017

Grizzly bears have recently become more common on the Arctic Islands in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, concurrently with a period of environmental change. Over the last decade, grizzly bear – polar bear hybrids have been confirmed within this region, triggering extensive discussion and speculation regarding the impact of hybridization on the parent species. Through harvests, sightings, and captures, we document an increase in the presence of grizzly bears and combine field observations of hybrids with genetic analysis and parentage analysis to identify four first-generation (F1) hybrids and four offspring of F1 hybrids and grizzly bears (backcross-to-grizzly-bear individuals). We trace these eight hybrid individuals to a single female polar bear who mated with two grizzly bears. We sampled one of her mates on the sea ice in the High Arctic and deduced the genotype of the other from his five offspring. The two male grizzly bears are sires of both the F1 generation and the backcross-to-grizzly-bear generation. So what initially appeared to be a sudden spate of hybridization in the western Canadian Arctic originated with the unusual mating between three non-hybrid parents. The breakdown of species barriers may start with atypical mating preferences of select individuals; however, the story we present can be traced to a single female polar bear who, along with three of her known F1 offspring, has been killed.
Vegetation Succession and Environmental Conditions following Catastrophic Lake Drainage in Old Crow Flats, Yukon
Authors: Lantz Trevor C.
Published: May 2017

Increases in the frequency and magnitude of disturbances associated with the thawing of ice-rich permafrost highlight the need to understand long-term vegetation succession in permafrost environments. This study uses field sampling and remote sensing to explore vegetation development and soil conditions following catastrophic lake drainage in Old Crow Flats (OCF). The data presented show that vegetation on drained lake basins in OCF is characterized by two distinct assemblages: tall willow stands and sedge swards. Field sampling indicates that these alternative successional trajectories result from variation in soil moisture following drainage. Increased willow mortality on older drained basins suggests that intraspecific competition drives self-thinning in shrub thickets. This finding, combined with data from paleoecological studies and contemporary vegetation in OCF, suggests that willow stands on drained lake basins are seral communities. These results also indicate that the increase in number of catastrophic drainages that occurred between 1972 and 2010 will alter regional vegetation in ways that affect wildlife habitat, permafrost conditions, and local hydrology.
Cleanliness and hygiene perceptions of primary school students in 6th, 7th, and 8th gradess
Authors: Kahveci Gökhan , Demirtaş Zülfü
Published: May 2017

The aim of this research is to determine the perception of the students of 6th, 7th and 8th grades. The research is designed by survey model. The population of the research consists of the students that are educated in 2010-2011 education year in 6th, 7th and 8th classes of the schools that are located in the centre of Kovancılar of the city Elazığ. The research was done by the help of the population the research. The sample of the research was not taken into consideration. The cleaning and hygiene scale has been used as a measuring tool. For the analysis of the research t-Test, Mann-Whitney U test, One Way Anova analysis and Kruskal Wallis have been helpful to us. As a result of the research, the perception of the personnel hygiene and care has the highest importance, but the perception of the cleaning of the school and its environment is at the lowest point and also it is known that the students from 6th classes have higher perception on ''Cleaning and Hygiene'' than the students from 7th and 8th classes.
ANALISIS TAPAK EKOLOGI UNTUK ARAHAN PEMANFAATAN RUANG PULAU LOMBOK
Authors: Apriyeni Baiq Ahda Razula
Published: May 2017

This study aims to 1) Calculate the ecological footprint in Lombok Island through Supply and Demand approach by GFN (Global Footprint Network), Land Suitability and Spatial Planning, 2) Evaluate and assess the three approaches to calculate the value of the ecological footprint, 3) Formulate the direction of spatial use based on the calculation of the ecological footprint. Based on the calculation of the ecological footprint and biocapasity by three approaches found that the results showed Lombok Island was categorized into three categories deficit ecological area: surplus territory (based GFN approach), surplus territory (based on land suitability approach), and deficit area (based on Spatial Planning approach). Of the three approaches of ecological footprint used, Spatial Planning approach was the most realistic to describe the condition of the ecological footprint in Lombok Island. As for the direction of spatial use based on the ecological footprint in Lombok Island was as follows: 1) Agricultural land needs an additional area of 121,305 ha, 2) Farm land area is reduced by 181,031 ha, 3) Fishery land needs an additional area of 248,429 ha, 4) Forest land needs an additional area of 151,439 ha, 5) Developed land needs an additional area of 159,132 ha, and 6) Land which serve as an sequestration needs an additional area of 14,024 ha
Technological Changes and Manufacturing Unions in South Africa: Failure to Formulate a Robust Response
Authors: Hlatshwayo Mondli
Published: May 2017

Technological innovation has had far-reaching implications for labour and for the world of work generally. It has led to job losses, the creation of new jobs, the loss of some skilled positions and the creation of new ones, and an increase in the quality of products like steel. Literature that addresses union responses to technological innovation in production has tended to classify them as either reactive or proactive, with reactive responses predominating. This article examines how South African trade unions in the steel, automotive and chemical industries have responded to technological changes. Based on interviews and documentary analysis, it argues that the unions have adopted a rearguard approach, responding to technological changes only after management has already implemented them. Unions have tended to prioritise “politics from above” and traditional union issues such as wage negotiations. In addition, the current division within unions has contributed to their inability to improve their servicing of members, let alone organise precarious workers and engage with issues of technological innovation.
Marikana and Beyond: New Dynamics in Strikes in South Africa
Authors: Webster Edward
Published: May 2017

Political and social change in South Africa has been crucially shaped by large-scale strikes that have often taken a violent form. In spite of South Africa establishing a constitutional democracy in 1994 – and a new vision of industrial relations – violence has become so entangled in institutional life that South Africa has been described as a “violent democracy”. The massacre of thirty-four striking workers by heavily-armed police at Marikana in August 2012 was a culmination of this trajectory. The article explores the possibility of a nonviolent resolution of industrial disputes. This would require the capability of unions to recognise and strategically use the four dimensions of union power: structural, institutional, associational and societal. Without such capabilities, power resources may go unutilised, or be strategically ineffective. The article argues that in post-apartheid South Africa, associational power has become disconnected from institutional power. Instead of a vital interaction between the two, the institutions created by the new labour regime have become disconnected from the organisations that created them.
Intravenous Heroin Induces Rapid Brain Hypoxia and Hyperglycemia that Precede Brain Metabolic Response
Authors: Solis Ernesto , Cameron-Burr Keaton T. , Shaham Yavin , Kiyatkin Eugene A.
Published: May 2017

Heroin use and overdose have increased in recent years as people transition from abusing prescription opiates to using the cheaper street drug. Despite a long history of research, many physiological effects of heroin and their underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we used high-speed amperometry to examine the effects of intravenous heroin on oxygen and glucose levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in freely-moving rats. Heroin within the dose range of human drug use and rat self-administration (100–200 μg/kg) induced a rapid, strong, but transient drop in NAc oxygen that was followed by a slower and more prolonged rise in glucose. Using oxygen recordings in the subcutaneous space, a densely-vascularized site with no metabolic activity, we confirmed that heroin-induced brain hypoxia results from decreased blood oxygen, presumably due to drug-induced respiratory depression. Respiratory depression and the associated rise in CO2levels appear to drive tonic increases in NAc glucose via local vasodilation. Heroin-induced changes in oxygen and glucose were rapid and preceded the slow and prolonged increase in brain temperature and were independent of enhanced intra-brain heat production, an index of metabolic activation. A very high heroin dose (3.2 mg/kg), corresponding to doses used by experienced drug users in overdose conditions, caused strong and prolonged brain hypoxia and hyperglycemia coupled with robust initial hypothermia that preceded an extended hyperthermic response. Our data suggest heroin-induced respiratory depression as a trigger for brain hypoxia, which leads to hyperglycemia, both of which appear independent of subsequent changes in brain temperature and metabolic neural activity.
The FTD‐like syndrome causing TREM2 T66M mutation impairs microglia function, brain perfusion, and glucose metabolism
Authors: Kleinberger Gernot , Brendel Matthias , Mracsko Eva , Wefers Benedikt , Groeneweg Linda , Xiang Xianyuan , Focke Carola , Deußing Maximilian , Suárez‐Calvet Marc , Mazaheri Fargol , Parhizkar Samira , Pettkus Nadine , Wurst Wolfgang , Feederle Regina , Bartenstein Peter , Mueggler Thomas , Arzberger Thomas , Knuesel Irene , Rominger Axel , Haass Christian
Published: May 2017

Genetic variants in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) increase the risk for several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Homozygous TREM2 missense mutations, such as p.T66M, lead to the FTD‐like syndrome, but how they cause pathology is unknown. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated a knock‐in mouse model for the disease‐associated Trem2 p.T66M mutation. Consistent with a loss‐of‐function mutation, we observe an intracellular accumulation of immature mutant Trem2 and reduced generation of soluble Trem2 similar to patients with the homozygous p.T66M mutation. Trem2 p.T66M knock‐in mice show delayed resolution of inflammation upon in vivo lipopolysaccharide stimulation and cultured macrophages display significantly reduced phagocytic activity. Immunohistochemistry together with in vivo TSPO small animal positron emission tomography (μPET) demonstrates an age‐dependent reduction in microglial activity. Surprisingly, perfusion magnetic resonance imaging and FDG‐μPET imaging reveal a significant reduction in cerebral blood flow and brain glucose metabolism. Thus, we demonstrate that a TREM2 loss‐of‐function mutation causes brain‐wide metabolic alterations pointing toward a possible function of microglia in regulating brain glucose metabolism.
Investigation of convective heat transfer coefficient and initial temperature of waxy crude oil on the formation of voids
Authors: Chala Girma T. , Sulaiman Shaharin A. , Sulaiman Shaharin A. , Japper-Jaafar Azuraien , Wan Abdullah Wan Ahmad Kamil
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the convective heat transfer coefficient of waxy crude oil while undergoing cooling and reports the influence of initial temperature on the intra-gel void formation. A flow loop rig was used to cool down waxy crude oil to the same end temperature while varying the initial temperature to observe the effects of initial temperature on the voids formed. The convective heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate of waxy crude oil subjected to cooling were calculated. It was observed that the heat transfer rate and the convective heat transfer coefficient of waxy crude oil below the wax appearance temperature were much lower than that of the Newtonian liquid crude oil owing to the wax crystal formation entrapping some liquid crude oil within it, below which the formation of voids is eminent. In addition, it was found that lower initial temperatures tend to form higher void volumes near pipe walls and in the entire pipe with a maximum change in void volume of 0.9% observed between the maximum and the minimum initial temperature tested. The insignificant influence of initial temperature on intra-gel void formation was also observed as the waxes are liquid above the wax appearance temperature
Current trends on combustion control methods using fuel reactivities
Authors: Sankaralingam Ram Kishore , Venugopal T.
Published: May 2017

Compression ignition (CI) engines are used in heavy duty engine applications due to their high torque capability and thermal efficiency. However, high NOx and smoke emissions are the challenges in using CI engines. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is one of the best methods to reduce NOx and smoke emissions. However, controlling the combustion for an entire range of operation in HCCI mode is a challenging task. Different methods like fast thermal management (FTM), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), turbo charging and reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) are reviewed and discussed in this article. RCCI is similar to HCCI, which uses reactivities of two different fuels to control combustion. The combustion objectives of HCCI such as less NOx and soot emission can also be obtained through this method. Combustion control based on reactivities of various fuels (RCCI) is discussed significantly. Fuels that have different reactivities can help to control the combustion phasing and thereby reducing the emission. Two different fuels can be injected together into the manifold or one fuel can be injected in the port and other in the combustion chamber directly for reactivity based combustion control. The technological development in different combustion control methods is reviewed and discussed in this article which is a useful knowledge base for further research investigations. When compared to other combustion control methods, RCCI is found to be advantageous in all perspectives such as cost, flexibility in control, simplicity and wide range of operation.
Fatigue damage monitoring using un-supervised clustering method of acoustic emission signal on SAE 1045 steel
Authors: Mohammad M. , Tajuddin A. , Abdullah S. , Jamaluddin N. , Murat B.I.S.
Published: May 2017

This paper described the capability of acoustic emission (AE) technique in monitoring the fatigue damage level using unsupervised clustering technique. As fatigue damage is being a major contributing factor to component failure, it is essential to evaluate the level of damage caused by fatigue load in order to prevent the catastrophic failure of the structure. It is a concern in this study to differentiate the AE signals according to the fatigue damage stages by implementing an unsupervised clustering technique. In this study, the AE signals were collected on specimens made of medium carbon steel SAE 1045 that underwent the axial fatigue testing. The test was run at three loading values of 600, 640 and 680 MPa. The pattern behaviour of AE signals was recorded using a piezoelectric sensor in a form of time domain history signal. Later, the AE signals collected were analysed and clustered using K-means technique. Five clusters of K1, K2, K3, K4, and K5 have been found for the specimens subjected to stress value of 600-680 MPa. The optimum numbers of K clusters were determined using the smallest objective function in their group which ranges between 2.6 to 3.0. This pilot investigation s
A numerical–experimental approach to assess emission performance of new generation engines during the cold transient
Authors: Iodice Paolo , Senatore Adolfo
Published: May 2017

Modern vehicles equipped with a spark ignition engine come with fuel injection and electronic mixture control, in combination with a three-way catalyst: as a result, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon cold emissions represent a significant share of total emissions if compared with those given off in hot conditions, so implying direct consequences on the air quality of metropolitan areas. The purpose of this research is to investigate the engine efficiency and emissive performance of last generation engines during the cold-start phase. For this aim, an experimental–analytical procedure was optimised and applied to study the cold emission behaviour of two motorcycles, characterised by similar technical specifications; the exhaust emissions of these motorcycles were measured on a chassis dynamometer in the laboratories of the National Research Council (CNR-Italy). By using this calculation procedure and the emission results measured during the experimental tests, the duration of the cold phase and the total emissions released during the cold-start transient were evaluated for carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. The average values of cold emission factors and warm-up transient durations obtained for unburned hydrocarbons were 1.05 g/km and 162 s, respectively. Regarding carbon monoxide, the average values of cold emission factors and warm-up transient durations were 14.9 g/km and 152 s, respectively. The results of this study are very useful for better characterising the emission levels of the last generation motorcycles under real urban conditions.
A mathematical model of the apparent mass of the human body under fore-and-aft whole-body vibration
Authors: Nawayseh N.
Published: May 2017

Studies of biodynamic responses to vibration have mainly focused on vertical vibration, despite the presence of high fore-and-aft and lateral vibration in some vibration environments. Consequently, models of the biodynamic responses to vibration in directions other than vertical are rare. This paper presents a model of the apparent mass of the human body during fore-and-aft vibration. The model is a two-degrees-of-freedom lumped parameter linear model with translational and rotational capabilities. The parameters of the model were optimised using experimentally measured apparent mass. The model gave a close fit to the measured apparent masses of 12 subjects. The parameters of the rotational degrees-of-freedom showed high variability, reflecting the high variability found in the measured data for the 12 subjects. Sensitivity analysis showed that the first peak of the apparent mass is produced by rotational motion while the second peak is caused by translational motion. This study showed that the fore-andaft apparent mass of the human body can be represented by a two-degrees-of-freedom system with rotational and translational capabilities. The proposed model can be integrated with a mathematical model of a seat to predict the transmissibility of the seat. Alternatively, the model parameters can be used to build a mechanical dummy that can be used experimentally for seat testing applications instead of using a human subject.
Evaluation of eco-design strategies for development of multiple life-cycle products
Authors: Go T.F. , Wahab D.A. , Hishamuddin H.
Published: May 2017

Life-cycle thinking in the development of new products has led design engineers to rethink the way they design sustainable products. One of the most viable approaches is designing products for multiple life-cycles. For this purpose, a sustainable design tool that has a broader perspective in providing design guidelines to enhance end-of-life product recovery for multiple life-cycles is necessary. However, there are too many design requirements, some of which are conflicting. Designers are not supported by specific methodologies or tools to evaluate the weightage and importance of the design elements. Therefore, an extensive review of the design requirements of remanufacturable products was conducted in order to identify the design elements for multiple life-cycle products. A modified Analytical Hierarchy Process method was developed based on the design strategies in order to obtain the weightage that indicates the importance of each design element. The proposed approach is capable of refining and setting priorities in strategic decision-making during the design phase of a multiple life-cycle product. Verification of the strategic factors was based on an in-depth interview with an automobile engine remanufacturer. Based on the study, disassemblability and assemblability were found to be the two most important criteria in designing automobile engines for multiple lifecycles.
A role for PFKFB3/iPFK2 in metformin suppression of adipocyte inflammatory responses
Authors: Qi Ting , Chen Yanming , Li Honggui , Pei Ya , Woo Shih-Lung , Guo Xin , Zhao Jiajia , Qian Xiaoxian , Awika Joseph , Huo Yuqing , Wu Chaodong
Published: May 2017

Metformin improves obesity-associated metabolic dysregulation, but has controversial effects on adipose tissue inflammation. The objective of the study is to examine the direct effect of metformin on adipocyte inflammatory responses and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Adipocytes were differentiated from 3T3-L1 cells and treated with metformin at various doses and for different time periods. The treated cells were examined for the proinflammatory responses, as well as the phosphorylation states of AMPK and the expression of PFKFB3/iPFK2. In addition, PFKFB3/iPFK2-knockdown adipocytes were treated with metformin and examined for changes in the proinflammatory responses. The following results were obtained from the study. Treatment of adipocytes with metformin decreased the effects of lipopolysaccharide on inducing the phosphorylation states of JNK p46 and on increasing the mRNA levels of IL-1β and TNFα. In addition, treatment with metformin increased the expression of PFKFB3/iPFK2, but failed to significantly alter the phosphorylation states of AMPK. In PFKFB3/iPFK2-knockdown adipocytes, treatment with metformin did not suppress the proinflammatory responses as did it in control adipocytes. In conclusion, metformin has a direct effect on suppressing adipocyte proinflammatory responses in an AMPK-independent manner. Also, metformin increases adipocyte expression of PFKFB3/iPFK2, which is involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of metformin.
Tique e toc na escola: mais que um problema de saúde, uma questão social e pedagógica
Authors: Mamede Walner
Published: May 2017

O transtorno do tique é um problema que envolve eventos tônicos ou clônicos corporais ou vocais, que vai além de uma abordagem patológica, em direção a uma necessária abordagem social e educacional. Sua ocorrência pode estar ou não associada com distúrbios psicológicos, caracterizando um transtorno mais complexo denominado Síndrome de Tourette. Em qualquer caso tratado, ele se constitui como um problema a ser enfrentado na escola, seja na perspectiva da aprendizagem, seja na da socialização. Por meio de uma incursão na literatura disponível sobre o tema, o presente artigo tem como principal objetivo a apresentação desse mal, tão pouco conhecido entre os profissionais da Educação, esclarecendo seus sintomas e hipóteses etiológicas e sugerindo estratégias e direções que podem mitigar o sofrimento do aluno em seu processo de escolarização.
A deletion mutation in nfxB of in vitro-induced moxifloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa confers multidrug resistance
Authors: Thai Van Chi , Pham Hoang Vy , Nguyen Duc Nhat Minh , Lambert Peter , Nguyen Thi Thu Hoai
Published: May 2017

The modulation of efflux pump functions under fluoroquinolone (FQ) exposure is of great concern as it could result in occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. In this study, MDR mechanism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced via moxifloxacin (MOX) pressure was investigated. After serial MOX [concentration of 0.5 × the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)] exposure, the fully susceptible P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 strain has increased its MIC not only toward MOX (1→128 mg/L) but also to other antibiotics. Furthermore, this MOX-exposed strain did not revert to antibiotic-sensitive phenotype when being cultured in antibiotic-free medium for 12 days. No mutation was observed for FQ-target (gyrA and parC) or most investigated efflux regulatory genes (mexT, mexR, and nalC) except nfxB in which a 100-bp deletion was found. This associated with the elevated expression of multidrug efflux pump operon (mexCD-oprJ) which could directly result in MDR phenotype.
Traumás asphyxia maradandó látásvesztéssel
Authors: Kántor Tibor , Grigorescu Bianca , Popescu Gabriel , Ferencz Attila , Nagy Örs , Jung János , Gergely István
Published: May 2017

Abstract:

Traumatic asphyxia is a rare condition that occurs after compressive thoracoabdominal trauma, which is characterized by subconjunctival hemorrhage, cervicofacial cyanosis, edema and petechiae. Serious life-threatening thoracic and abdominal injuries may coexist. After conservatory treatment in most cases complete recovery is achieved, but in isolated cases permanent neurological lesions may occur. We present the case of the 39-year-old male patient who suffered a compressive thoracoabdominal trauma. The physical examination showed the characteristic “ecchymotic mask”. After surgical treatment of the abdominal injuries and intensive therapy the patient was discharged with permanent vision loss. The high retrograde venous pressure in the head and neck may be associated with neuronal ischemia, which can lead to irreversible optic nerve atrophy. It is therefore important to carry out an early, routine and complete ophtalmologic examination, especially in the intubated and poorly cooperative patients. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(22): 864–868.
„Centrális véna – nővér módra?” Perifériáról bevezetett centrális vénás kanülökkel szerzett tapasztalataink
Authors: Kollár Gábor , Alizadeh Hussain , Gulyás Erna
Published: May 2017

Abstract:

What is PICC line insertion? The PICC is a soft, flexible catheter which is made of polyurethane or silicone, and is inserted via an upper or lower extremity peripheral vein into superior or inferior vena cava. The origin of PICC line dates back to the early 1950s. Since the introduction of the PICC catheter, this method of venous catheterization has gone through many changes as regards the technique of insertion or the type of catheter used. Despite the routine use of PICC line worldwide, little progress has been made in its use in Hungary. In this short review we will briefly summarise the use of PICC line, its indications, advantages, disadvantages, and on complementary devices which are necessary during the procedure. We discuss our experience in insertion of PICC line at Pécs University, where the procedure is solely done by a certified registered nurse. We hope that with continuous progression of nurse competency, this procedure will be implemented at a higher scale in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(22): 856–863.
THE CURRENT STATE OF ARTIFICIAL REEFS IN LEBAH COASTAL WATERS, KARANGASEM, BALI: AN EVALUATION ON THE COASTAL RESOURCE REHABILITATION PROJECT
Authors: Edrus Isa Nagib , Suprapto Suprapto
Published: May 2017

The study was conducted in May 2001 wlth aims to identifl and examine changes the biotic condition of coastal resources. The study used dual approaches of old and new data collections followed by statistical test of Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test.
DEEP-WATER EXPLORATORY BOTTOM LONG LINING IN THE WATERS OF THE ARAFURA SEA
Authors: Badrudin Badrudin , Wiadnyana Ngurah N. , Wibowo Berbudi
Published: May 2017

Bottom long line fisheries in the continental shelf area of the Arafura Sea has have practised and developed since the last two decades. But bottom long lining in the slope area seemed to be unusual fishing operation for most Indonesian fishers as this fishing activily facing a relatively higher rbks of fishing gear lost.
EFFECT OF DIETARY LIPID CONTENTS ON GROWTH OF ESTUARY GROUPER Epinephelus coioides JUVENILES
Authors: Suwirya Ketut , Giri Nyoman Adiasmara , Prijono Agus , Marzuqi Muhamad
Published: May 2017

Lipid is dietary component for energy and essential fatty acid sourced. Requirement of lipid for fish varies depending on species and size
SUBSTITUTION OF FISHMEAL WITH SOYBEAN MEAL IN HUMPBACK GROUPER, Cromileptes altivelis JUVENILE DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH PHYTASE
Authors: Rachmansyah Rachmansyah , Usman Usman , Makmur Makmur , Ahmad Taufik
Published: May 2017

Feeding experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fishmeal with soybean meal in di6t on grolvth of humpback grouper.
Environmentalism and Duane Elgin’s Concept of Voluntary Simplicity As Examples of Implicit Esotericism
Authors: Kasperek Andrzej
Published: May 2017

The article focuses on the interpretation of environmentalism in the categories of implicit esotericism. Referring to the existing tradition of treating environmentalism as a case of implicit Calvinism, the author points to some limitations of this view and emphasizes the significance of the Romantic reinterpretation of the Western esoteric tradition and its role in the history of environmentalism. The analysis of the works written by Duane Elgin, one of the creators of the voluntary simplicity movement, is especially highlighted in the presented study. This movement is treated in the article as a part of the environmentalist milieu.
MICROSTRUCTURE FEATURES OF CHROME-NICKEL COATING WELDED WITH FILLER WIRE PL AN-111 WITH A 50% OVERLAP
Authors: Belik A. G. , Efremenko B. V. , Makurov S. L.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. The paper involves investigation of microstructure features of the coating welded with filler wire PL AN-111 with a 50% beads overlap. Methodology. Wear-resistant layer was formed by means of electric arc deposit welding using filler wire PL AN-111 on the plate from steel 09G2S. Deposit welding was conducted under the following parameters: welding current is of 650-750 A; arc voltage is of 30-34 V; welding speed is of 32 m/h. Microstructure was researched with application of optical microscopies “Neophot-21”, “Nikon Eclipse M200” and electron scanning microscopy JEOL JSM-6510 LV. Microhardness of structural constituentswas measuredwithtesterFM-300 (Future-Tech) under loading of 10-50 g. Findings. It is shown that the overlap of the beads leads to the formation of inhomogeneous microstructure in the cross section that varies by zones from free-carbide austenite to hypereutectic microstructure with primary chromium carbides. The analysis of the microhardness of the structural constituents in various coating areas was carried out. It was found that hardness of austenite, carbide eutectic and carbides M7C3 varies in coatings in the range of 3 100-3 850 МPа, 4 100-6 800 МPа and 12 100-15 100 МPа, accordingly. Originality. Authors determined that Cr-Ni coating comprises substantially austenitic-carbide eutectic with different density and thickness of carbide fibers within eutectic colonies. Along the border “base/coating” a single-phase austenitic layer lies which turns into a layer with a hypoeutectic structure. In the heat affected zone from beads fusion austenite disintegration with the granular carbides formation was recorded. This leads to decreasing of matrix corrosion resistance due to chromium depletion. Above the zone of beads fusion, the coating has a hypereutectic structure with the presence of large primary chromium carbides. Practical value. It is shown that deposit welding with filler wire PL AN-111 with a 50% overlap of beads results in a coarsening of the structure due to formation of a hypereutectic structure comprising in the presence of large primary chromium carbides with lower microhardness.
Complete Responses to Mitotane in Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma—A New Look at an Old Drug
Authors: Reidy-Lagunes Diane L. , Lung Betty , Untch Brian R. , Raj Nitya , Hrabovsky Anastasia , Kelly Ciara , Gerst Scott , Katz Seth , Kampel Lewis , Chou Joanne , Gopalan Anu , Saltz Leonard B.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Based largely on reports that predate modern reporting standards, mitotane has been considered a systemic treatment option for both hormone control and antitumor control of metastatic adrenocortical cancer (ACC), although the therapeutic window is narrow.

Methods

We searched electronic medical records to identify patients with metastatic ACC treated and prescribed single-agent mitotane at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from March 15, 1989–September 18, 2015. Reference radiologists reviewed all imaging and determined efficacy according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. Patient demographics, toxicities, and treatment outcomes were reviewed. Next-generation sequencing was performed in selected cases.

Results

Thirty-six patients were identified. The mean age was 54 and 50% had functional tumors. Grade 3 or greater toxicities were documented in 16 out of 36 patients (44%) and 17% had documented long term adrenal insufficiency. Progression of the disease as the best response occurred in 30 out of 36 patients (83%) and one patient (3%) experienced clinical progression. Three patients achieved a complete response (CR) (8%), one patient achieved a partial response (3%), and one patient (3%) had stable disease after slow disease progression prior to initiation of therapy (durable for 6 months). All responders had nonfunctional tumors. Next-generation sequencing in two of the three CR patients was performed and failed to identify any novel alterations.

Conclusion

In this retrospective series, mitotane had a low response rate and low tumor control rate; however, a disproportionately high complete response rate suggested it should be used in selected individuals. Adrenal insufficiency is common with mitotane use and aggressive treatment with steroid supplementation should be considered when appropriate to avoid excess toxicities. Biomarkers are desperately needed to further define this disease.
Predictors of Disruptions in Breast Cancer Care for Individuals with Schizophrenia
Authors: Irwin Kelly E. , Park Elyse R. , Shin Jennifer A. , Fields Lauren E. , Jacobs Jamie M. , Greer Joseph A. , Taylor John B. , Taghian Alphonse G. , Freudenreich Oliver , Ryan David P. , Pirl William F.
Published: May 2017

Background

Patients with schizophrenia experience markedly increased breast cancer mortality, yet reasons for this disparity are poorly understood. We sought to characterize disruptions in breast cancer care for patients with schizophrenia and identify modifiable predictors of those disruptions.

Materials and Methods

We performed a medical record review of 95 patients with schizophrenia and breast cancer treated at an academic cancer center between 1993 and 2015. We defined cancer care disruptions as processes that interfere with guideline-concordant cancer care, including delays to diagnosis or treatment, deviations from stage-appropriate treatment, and interruptions in treatment. We hypothesized that lack of psychiatric treatment at cancer diagnosis would be associated with care disruptions.

Results

Half of patients with schizophrenia experienced at least one breast cancer care disruption. Deviations in stage-appropriate treatment were associated with breast cancer recurrence at 5 years (p = .045). Patients without a documented psychiatrist experienced more delays (p = .016), without documented antipsychotic medication experienced more deviations (p = .007), and with psychiatric hospitalizations after cancer diagnosis experienced more interruptions (p < .0001). Independent of stage, age, and documented primary care physician, lack of documented antipsychotic medication (odds ratio [OR] = 4.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.90, 12.98) and psychiatric care (OR = 4.56, 95% CI = 1.37, 15.15) predicted cancer care disruptions.

Conclusion

Disruptions in breast cancer care are common for patients with schizophrenia and are associated with adverse outcomes, including cancer recurrence. Access to psychiatric treatment at cancer diagnosis may protect against critical disruptions in cancer care for this underserved population.
Book review
Authors: Lacasse Suzanne
Published: May 2017

Risk and Reliability in Geotechnical Engineering
Robust superhydrophobic coatings from modified siloxane resin
Authors: Seyedmehdi Seyed-Amirhossein , Vrckovnik Rick , Amirfazli Alidad
Published: May 2017

Superhydrophobic coatings were produced from a modified siloxane resin that served as the low-surface energy (LSE) material needed to make superhydrophobic coatings. The authors used nanosilica to provide the desired surface texture needed for superhydrophobicity. They hypothesized that chemically bonding the LSE material to the surface of nanosilica will improve the durability of the coating. The mixture of nanoparticles and LSE material was applied on an aluminum surface, and it was heated to 150°C. A tin catalyst was employed to increase the reaction rate. The Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the chemical reaction between nanosilica and resin. The results showed that the coatings had contact angles higher than 150°C and a contact angle hysteresis (CAH) of less than 8°. The mechanical robustness of the coatings was investigated by an abrasion test. The CAH of the coatings with the catalyst after the abrasive test was 12°, while this angle was 22° without the catalyst. The coatings indicated good water/ultraviolet (UV) durability – for example, the CAH after UV treatment was 8°. Superhydrophobic coatings were applied using two different methods: spin-coating and spray-coating. For each application method, the weathering durability and mechanical properties of the coatings were compared. Considering the overall data, spray-coating is better than spin-coating in the terms of durability.
Effects of pavement surface deformations on lane-changing behaviours
Authors: Aydın Metin Mutlu , Topal Ali
Published: May 2017

Drivers often undertake tactical and safety-related lane-changing (LC) behaviours to minimise their driving effort and travel times under different and complex traffic circumstances. LC behaviour can be affected by various factors such as lane configurations, driver characteristics, pavement surface properties and so on. Pavement surface deformations represent one such factor that forces drivers to change lane. Road surface deformations generally makes driving more difficult and they cause an increase in vehicle operation and maintenance costs. Additionally, they cause many problems, such as traffic congestion and accidents. In this study, the aim is to investigate and explain the effects of pavement surface deformations and other parameters on the LC behaviour of drivers. This study constitutes descriptive research, which uses a logit regression model (LRM) to determine the LC behaviour of drivers. The data set was collected from two different cities (Izmir and Erzurum) and four different deformed road zones in Turkey. It was found that pavement surface deformations have a high impact on the LC behaviour of drivers, and passenger cars are the vehicle type that is most affected by surface deformations. Numerical tests showed that the proposed LRM performs reasonably well in terms of the statistical relationship between LC and effective parameters.