bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iontophoresis: fundamentals, developments and application
Authors: Vranić Edina
Published: May 2018

The skin is an excellent barrier to the transport of charged compounds and large molecules. Many substances of present and potential therapeutic utility carry charge at physiological pH, have high molecular weights and/or are hydrophilic and, consequently, do not transport well across the skin. Pathways for the transport of small ions do appear to exist through the skin and flow along these pathways can be substantially enhanced by iontophoresis.
QSAR and QSPR study of derivatives 4-arylaminocoumarin
Authors: Završnik Davorka , Muratović Samija , Špirtović Selma
Published: May 2018

Coumarin and its derivatives are reactive compounds, suitable for many syntheses. They are used as anticoagulants, antibacterial, animistic compounds. The interest in coumarins has increased because it was found that they reduce the HIV virus activity. The synthesis of 4-arylaminocoumarin derivatives from 4-hydroxycoumarin, has been carried out, and their antimycotic effects were tested. In the QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) QSPR (quantitativestructure-property-activity relationship) study we have used physicochemical properties and topological indices (Balaban index J(G), Wiener index W(G), information-theoretical index I(G), and valence connectivity index (G), to predict bioactivity of the newly synthesized coumarin compounds. By using methods of molecular modelling, the relationships between structure, properties and activity of coumarin compounds have been investigated. The best QSPR models were obtained using valence connectivity index or combination indices. According Rekker's method the best correlation of calculated values log P, has been obtained with the model based on the inhibition zone (I) 4-arylaminocoumarin derivatives expressed in mm. The results obtained in this study enable further synthesis of new coumarin derivatives and predict their biological activity and properties.
Therapeutic effects of two antidepressant agents in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Authors: Čavaljuga Semra , Liačnin Ifeta , Mulabegović Nedad , Potkonjak Dubravka
Published: May 2018

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder characterised by an acute emotional response to a traumatic event or situation involving severe environmental stress (natural disasters, wars, epidemics, rape, assaults, physical torture, catastrophic illness or accident), which may be identified in cognitive, affective or sensory motor activities. The objective was to perform a pilot clinical trial designed to compare the effects of older (tricyclic) and newer “second-generation” (selective inhibitors of serotonin uptake) antidepressants in the treatment of PTSD. A total of 20 hospitalised chronic military combat Bosnian veterans with PTSD symptoms were randomly assigned into two groups of 10 patients each. One group was treated with amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMYZOL®) 75 mg/day as a representative of older antidepressants and the other with fluoxetine hydrochloride 60 mg/day (OXETIN®) as a representative of newer antidepressants. Those drugs were administered by mouth two or three times-a-day in equally divided doses for at least 8 weeks. Favourable response was achieved in 70% of patients treated with amitriptyline hydrochloride and 60% of patients treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride. Amitriptyline hydrochloride was more effective in the treatment of acute PTSD symptoms (emotional numbing, startle reaction, nightmares, flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, vulnerability, poor impulse control or irritability and explosiveness). Fluoxetine hydrochloride showed a greater efficacy in the treatment of chronic PTSD symptoms (avoidance and numbing symptoms, hyperarousal, nightmares and a feeling of guilt).
Asymmetry of limbic structure (hippocampal formation and amygdaloidal complex) at PTSD
Authors: Sarač-Hadžihalilović Aida , Dilberović Faruk
Published: May 2018

Defining exact position of weak anatomic function which is find in a base of neurological and psychiatric disorder is just became the subject of intensive research interest. For this purposes it is important to implement structural and functional MRI techniques, also for further lightening and seeing subject of this work, more concretely connected to PTSD. Therefore, exactly MRI gives most sensitive volumetric measuring of hippocampal formation and amygdaloidal complex.The goal of this work was to research asymmetry of hippocampal formation and amygdaloidal complex to the PTSD patients.Results showed that at the axial slice length of hippocampal formation on the left and right side of all patients are significantly asymmetric. At the sagittal slice from the left side of hippocampal formation is in many cases longer than right about 50 %. At the coronal slice, there are no significant differences toward patient proportion according to symm. / asymm. of the hippocampal formation width at the right and left side. Difference in volume average of hippocampal formation between right and left side for axial and coronal slice is not statistically significant, but it is significant for sagittal slice. In about amygdaloidal complex patients with PTSD toward symm. / asymm. Amygdaloidal complex at the right and left side of axial and sagittal slice in all three measurement shows asymmetry, what is especially shown at sagittal slice. Difference in average length of amygdaloidal complex at the right and left side is not statistically significant for no one slice.Therefore, results of a new research that are used MRI, showed smaller hippocampal level at PTSD (researched by Van der Kolka 1996, Pitman 1996, Bremner et al., 1995.). Application of MRI technique in research of asymmetry of hippocampal formation and amygdaloidal complex, which we used in our research, we recommend as a template for future researches in a sense of lightening anatomic function that is a base of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Type IV collagen immunoreactivity of basement membrane in inflammatory-regenerative and dysplastic lesions of the flat colonic mucosa
Authors: Radović Svjetlana , Selak Ivan , Babić Mirsad , Knežević Željka , Vukobrat-Bijedić Zora
Published: May 2018

The aim of this research is to establish by immunohistochemistry if there is a change in the expression of collagen type IV, as a substitute of basement membrane, in development of epithelial dysplasia in chronically inflamed colon mucosa.Methods. Biopsy specimens from 270 patients were examined: 74 were classified as inflammatory-regenerative and 196 as dysplastic lesions. There were 108 cases of mild dysplasia, 58 cases of moderate and 30 cases severe dysplasia, respectively. Visualisation of collagen IV and its way of expression within basement membrane of glandular crypts was performed by immunohistochemistry and then compared with findings in normal colon mucosa and colon adenocarcinoma tissue.Results. Changes in the expression of collagen IV comprised of its focal irregularities, diffuse thinning and/or thickening, focal interruptions or its complete absence. Significant changes in the expression of collagen IV in relation to normal mucosa already occur in inflammatory-regenerative mucosa. In mild dysplasia, these changes are more intensive in relation to those in inflammatory altered mucosa as well as at severe dysplasia in relation to moderate dysplasia. Changes in the expression of collagen IV in severe dysplasia are significantly more serious than in moderate dysplasia but are identical to those in colon adenocarcinoma tissue.Conclusion. These findings suggest that change in the expression of collagen IV is in correlation to a degree of epithelial dysplasia that developed in flat chronically inflamed colon mucosa.
Simultaneous abuse of different psychoactive substances among adolescents.
Authors: Redžić Amira , Ličanin Ifeta , Kronjar Sanja
Published: May 2018

Although the drug abuse has been evidenced in every age of the human life, it seems that its occurrence is crucial during adolescence period with its well-known consequences on the further personality development. Adolescents like to experiment with risky lifestyles without adequate knowledge about their possible harmful effects and consequences. International experiences have represented that early onset of the risky behaviour predisposes young persons for serious problems in social, psychological and physical future lives. It has been noticed that adolescents like to combine different psychoactive substances. Therefore the aim of this study was to present the most important and the most actual substances abused by young adolescents together with the substance characteristics. This research included 600 adolescents with the same prevalence regarding age, sex and living zone (rural-urban). Our research showed that simultaneous abuse of various harmful psychoactive substances (polydrug abuse) is the most common (tobacco smoking and cannabis consumption in 75% of cases, alcohol consumption and cannabis consumption in 80% of cases).
Formulation ingredients for toothpastes and mouthwashes
Authors: Vranić Edina , Lačević Amela , Mehmedagić Aida , Uzunović Alija
Published: May 2018

In order to achieve the multi-claim products required for the dental care category, it is necessary for the formulator to use a variety of different ingredients. This places a number of demands on the development process. Innovations in the areas of pharmaceutical technology have contributed to the formulation of the products having superior efficacy as well as other attributes that may contribute to clinical response and patient acceptability. Improved clinical efficacy and tolerability, along with conditioning signals, should encourage patient compliance with oral hygiene further complementing professional efforts directed at disease prevention. The most effective way of preventing the development of dental disease is in controlling the production of dental plaque. It is formed by microbial action. The removal of plaque from the teeth and related areas is essential for the maintenance of a healthy mouth.In this paper we have presented the main components of toothpastes and mouthwashes. For the active ingredients, their supposed effect as therapeutic agents is also explained.
Growth hormone (GH) usage and abuse
Authors: Hadžović Almira , Nakaš-Ićindić Emina , Kucukalić-Selimović Elma , Salaka Abdul-Umid
Published: May 2018

Growth hormone is essential for body growth but it also modulates metabolic pathways as well as neural, reproductive, immune, cardiovascular, and pulmonary functions. Numerous beneficial effects of growth hormone have led to its expanded therapeutic use in both children and adults. There are several officially approved applications of human growth hormone and many more proposed applications that resulted from huge number of clinical studies on GH therapy.Growth hormone abuse includes improper or excessive use. Over the last decade GH has become one of the most commonly abused drugs in sport due to the fact that its administration is currently undetectable. Enormous doses that are injected and frequent simultaneous abuse of other substances such as other anabolic steroids (testosterone) lead to frequent side effects that may be fatal.In spite of numerous beneficial effects of growth hormone the true physiological impact of GH replacement therapy on various metabolic parameters may be confounded by the dose and route of administration of GH so accurate physicians’ monitoring during GH therapy is needed.
Amorphous Pharmaceutical Solids.
Authors: Vranić Edina
Published: May 2018

Amorphous forms are, by definition, non-crystalline materials which possess no long-range order. Their structure can be thought of as being similar to that of a frozen liquid with the thermal fluctuations present in a liquid frozen out, leaving only “static” structural disorder. The amorphous solids have always been an essential part of pharmaceutical research, but the current interest has been raised by two developments: a growing attention to pharmaceutical solids in general, especially polymorphs and solvates and a revived interest in the science of glasses and the glass transition.Amorphous substances may be formed both intentionally and unintentionally during normal pharmaceutical manufactoring operations. The properties of amorphous materials can be exploited to improve the performance of pharmaceutical dosage forms, but these properties can also give rise to unwanted effects that need to be understood and managed in order for the systems to perform as required.
Pathohistological changes in diffuse coronary atherosclerosis and chronic infection caused by Chlamydia pneumonia.
Authors: Legan Mateja , Vraspir-Porenta Olga , Kese Darja , Zorc-Plesković Ruda , Zorc Marjeta
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To investigate the histopathologic characteristics of atherosclerotic lessions in diffuse coronary artery disease and to evaluate the possible inflammatory role of chronic infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP).MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 10 patients (males, mean age 61 years) who were surgically treated for grave diffuse coronary artery disease, histomorphological analyses of endarterectomized segments of the coronary arteries were performed. Serological analyses for the detection of CP antibodies in peripheral blood were done, preoperatively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse and concentric atherosclerotic changes from VI to VIII stage according to the Stary classification were found. Immunohistochemical methods revealed infiltrates of T-lymphocytes (80% of cases), B-lymphocytes (40% of cases) and macrophages (80%). Using the nuclear marker for proliferation activity MIB-1, single MIB-1 positive cells were found in 40% of cases. Features of arteriologenesis and vasculitis of newly formed arterioles (as well as thickening of the wall of newly formed arterioles) were found in the vessel wall of 8 patients, 7 of them had chronic infection with CP (preoperative micro-immunofluorescent test results: 1:32<IgG ≥1:512 and IgA≥32), one had passed CP infection (1:32 ≤IgG<1:512, IgA negative). These features were absent in 2 patients, both recovered from CP infection and had not the chronic CP infection at the time of surgery. DNA of Chlamydia pneumoniae was detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in the vessel wall of 3 patients who were chosen randomly for this method. This study suggests an inflammatory and proatherogenic role of CP in a high grade atherosclerotic coronary artery wall in diffuse coronary artery disease.
Protective effect of neonatal BCG vaccines against tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Puvacić Sandra , Dizdarević Jadranka , Santić Z. , Mulaomerović M.
Published: May 2018

Neonatal BCG vaccination reduces the risk of tuberculosis and provides protection higher than 80% against the development of meningeal and miliary tuberculosis in newborns. Tuberculosis meningitis remains a major problem and also an important cause of death in some countries. In countries with high and moderate incidence of tuberculosis, prevention from the most severe complications of tuberculosis can be achieved only with a high coverage of the universal BCG neonatal immunization, being higher than 98% in the cohort of newborns. The decrease in BCG immunization coverage within immunization program during the year 2003 in Bosnia and Herzegovina influenced the increase in tuberculous meningitis. During 2002, when coverage with BCG vaccination in cohort of newborns was 90%, the incidence rate of tuberculous meningitis was 19. 04%oo. With the 68% decrease in BCG immunization coverage in the cohort of newborns in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the year 2003, the incidence of tuberculous meningitis raised to 33 33%oo. It has been proven that the 22% decrease of the neonatal BCGimmunization coverage in the cohort of newborns /vaccination program of children/ caused 175 times higher number of the tuberculous meningitis cases. Newborns affected by the tuberculous meningitis were not BCG vaccinated. BCG vaccineprovided effective protection against tuberculous meningitis, as well against the death of newborns caused by tuberculosis.
Cytogenetics findings at Turner Syndrome and their correlation with clinical findings
Authors: Ćatović Amra , Kendić Sulejman
Published: May 2018

Turner Syndrome is a genetic condition in females that results from an abnormal chromosome. One of the X chromosomes is missing or misshapen in the most cells of the body. Three classics clinical symptoms of the syndrome are: incomplete sexual maturation, short stature and pterygium colli. Turner Syndrome is diagnosed by karyotyping. In the retrospective study for a twelve years period (1991-2002) correlation between clinical and cytogenetics findings was established in our Center among 47 examinees from all parts of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who had suspect clinical diagnosis of Turner Syndrome. The syndrome was demonstrated by cytogeneticsexaminations in 30(63,8%) examinees and excluded in 17 (36,2%) examinees. The most frequent karyotype is monosomy of X chromosome (45,X) found at 63,3%, than isochromosome of Xq (46,XisoXq) found at 16,7%, mosaic form (46,XX/45,X) and deletion of Xp (46,XdelXp) both at 6,7%, than deletion of Xq (46,XdelXq) and ring of Xp (46,XX/46,XringXp) both at 3,3%. Our results suggest that promptly and exactly diagnosis of Turner syndrome is very important due to introducing growth hormone therapy and estrogen therapy at a very young age.
Treatment Options for Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures
Authors: Karaiković Eldin E. , Pacheco Hector O.
Published: May 2018

A decision for operative versus nonoperative management of thoracolumbar fractures should NEVER be based solely on one factor. Only after a thorough physical, neurological, and spinal examination, and an assessment of a patient’s prior activity, social and educational background and patient’s expectations, one should review the patient’s radiographs and CT scans to determine risks and benefits of operative versus nonoperative care. Both treatment options are discussed in this paper. As a surgical option our preference is short-segment instrumentation and fusion. Careful and appropriate patient selection and an excellent operative technique insure the minimum complications.
Nitric Oxide in Gentamicin-induced Acute Tubular Necrosis in Rats
Authors: Nakaš-Ićindić Emina , Avdagić Nesina , Mijanović Mirjana , Prašović Senad , Začiragić Asija , Začiragić Asija , Tahirović Gordan
Published: May 2018

Gentamicin is still widely used in clinical practice in spite of its renal toxicity. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in that process is not completely elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma level of NO and the histopathological changes of kidney in acute tubular necrosis (ATN) induced by gentamicin in rats. Study was carried out in Albino-Wistar rats, both sexes (n=16), average body weight 200-250 g. divided in two equal groups: control and gentamicin group. The control group was injected with 0.9% NaCl i.p. and gentamicin group was injected with gentamicin in the dose of 80 mg/kg/day i.p. in a period of 5 consecutive days. NO plasma level was determined by the production of nitrates and nitrites using classical colorimetrical Griess reaction. Kidney specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain. Semiquantitative histological analysis was used for the evaluation of the level of kidney damage. Both, the plasma NO level and the level of kidney damage were statistically higher in rats with gentamicin-induced ATN in comparison to the control group. In spite of that the correlation between plasma NO level and the level of kidney damage was not found. The rise of plasma level NO in gentamicin induced ATN in rats could possibly indicate on the role of NO in renal damage caused by gentamicin.
Correlation of the HER-2 protein expression and other clinicopathological features of ductal infiltrative breast cancer
Authors: Radović Svjetlana , Babić Mirsad , Dorić Mirsad , Balta Edina , Kapetanović Erol , Šečić Senad
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of the HER-2 membrane protein and other clinical-pathological parameters such as: histological size of the tumor, degree of the tumor's differentiation, presence of vascular invasion and presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes, in cases of ductal infiltrative breast cancer. We have investigated 56 cases of ductalinfiltrative breast cancer. In all patients a mastectomy with a dissection of axillary lymph nodes has been performed. All tissue samples, taken by biopsy, were embedded in the paraffin, stained by hematoxylin-eosin technique and screened, and evaluation was performed by using a semiquantitative method of the immunohistochemical expression of the HER-2 protein. A decrease of the protein HER-2 expression was noticed in cases of an increase of the tumor's diameter above 50 mm. Increased expression of the HER-2 protein was noticed in cases of moderate (grade II) and poor (grade III) differentiation of carcinoma, as well as in cases where there was no metastases in the regional lymph nodes. No relationship has been observed between the expression of HER-2 and occurrence of vascular invasion. In cases of ductalinfiltrative breast cancer the expression of HER-2 protein is in correlation with the size and degree of tumor's differentiation, as well as with the presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes.
Saliva and Serum Lithium Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients and Possibility to Replace Serum to Saliva
Authors: Serdarević Nafija , Kozjek Franc , Malešič Ivan
Published: May 2018

The lithium ions concentration in human serum and saliva was determined using dry-slide technology Vitros 250 Analyser (Ortho Clinical Diagnostic) and atomic absorption spectrometry Perkin Elmer 403 (AAS). We analyzed lithium ions in 100 serum and saliva specimens of patients after oral administration of lithium carbonate (3 x 300 mg) Jadran, Galen Laboratory Rijeka. Saliva and blood were taken 2 and 12 hours after the last dose. At the same time lithium ions at samples of blood and saliva were determined with both methods which showed high level of correlation. The mean difference of lithium ions between saliva and serum was statistically significant for p<0.05 using t student test. At saliva we got constant of elimination Kel = 0.02(-1)h and elimination half life (t(1/2)) was t(1/2)=34.6 h. For serum was t(1/2)= 24 h what means that lithium ions elimination is slower from saliva then from serum. That is the reason why probably concentration at saliva is higher then at serum. Lithium elimination is two compartment pharmacokinetic model where important part of compartment are saliva and salivary glands. At a certain point in medical treatment it could be expected to use controlled determination of lithium ions in saliva with serum as control.
Creatine Kinase Activity in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type I and Type II
Authors: Jevrić-Čaušević Adlija , Malenica Maja , Dujić Tanja
Published: May 2018

Diabetes mellitus can be looked upon as an array of diseases, all of which exhibit common symptoms. While pathogenesis of IDDM (insulin dependant diabetes mellitus) is well understood, the same is not true for diabetes mellitus type II. In the latter case, relative contribution of the two factors (insulin resistance or decreased insulin secretion) varies individually, being highly increased in peripheral tissues and strictly dependant on insulin for glucose uptake. Moreover, in patients with diabetes mellitus type II, disbalance at the level of regulation of glucose metabolism as well as lipid metabolism has been noted in skeletal muscles. It is normal to assume that in this type of diabetes, these changes are reflected at the level of total activity of enzyme creatine kinase. This experimental work was performed on a group of 80 regular patients of Sarajevo General Hospital. Forty of those patients were classified as patients with diabetes type I and forty as patients with diabetes type II. Each group of patients was carefully chosen and constituted of equal number of males and females. The same was applied for adequate controls. Concentration of glucose was determined for each patient with GOD method, while activity of creatine kinase was determined with CK-NAC activated kit. Statistical analysis of the results was performed with SPSS software for Windows. Obtained results point out highly expressed differences in enzyme activity between two populations examined. Changes in enzyme activity are more expressed in patients with diabetes type II. Positive correlation between concentration of glucose and serum activity of the enzyme is seen in both categories of diabetic patients which is not the case for the patients in control group. At the same time, correlation between age and type of diabetes does exist . This is not followed at the level of enzyme activity or concentration of glucose.
Photoperiodism as a Modiﬁer of Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Morphological Properties of Pineal Gland
Authors: Lukač Tamara , Matavulj Amela , Matavulj Milica , Rajković Vesna , Lažetić Bogosav
Published: May 2018

The aim of our study was to determine, using histological and stereological methods, whether photoperiodism has any impact on the effects that chronic (three-month long) exposure to LF-EMF (50Hz) has on morphological characteristics on rat's pineal gland. The experiment was performed on 48 Mill Hill male rats (24 experimental and 24 control). Upon birth, 24 rats were exposed for 7h a day, 5 days a week for 3 months to LF-EMF (50 Hz, 50-500microT, 10V/m). In the winter (short days, long nights), the activity of the pineal gland and neuroendocrine sensitivity is increased. The study was performed both during summer and winter, following the identical protocol. After sacrifice of animals, samples of pineal gland were processed for HE staining and then were analyzed using the methods of stereology. The most significant changes in epiphysis in the first group of animals in wintertime are: altered glandular feature, hyperemia, reduced pinealocytes with pale pink, poor cytoplasm and irregular, stick-form nuclei. In the second group (II) pinealocytes are enlarged, with vacuolated cytoplasm and hyper chromatic, enlarged nucleus. Morphological changes of pineal gland at rats in the summertime were not as intense as in the winter and finding of the gland in the group II is compatible with those from the control group. Stereological results show both in winter and summer in the first group the decrease of volume density of pinealocytes, their cytoplasm and nuclei and in the second group in winter increase the volume density of pinealocytes, cytoplasm and nuclei, while in the second group the results in summertime are equal to those from the control group. Photoperiodism is modifier of effect of LF-EMF on morphological structure of pineal gland, because the gland recovery is incomplete in winter and reversible in summer.
Five-Year Survival After First-Ever Stroke
Authors: Smajlović Dževdet , Kojić Biljana , Sinanović Osman
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study was to analyze the 5-year survival after first-ever ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. In this study 836 patients were analyzed with a first-ever stroke admitted at the Department of Neurology Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from January 1(st) 1997 to December 31(st) 1998. Of these 613 (73,3%) were ischemic strokes and 223 intracerebral hemorrhages (26,7%) Subarachnoid hemorrhages were excluded. After hospitalization surviving patients examined periodically, and a final examination was performed 5 years after the stroke. Overall, case-fatility at the first month was 36% (301/836) and the mortality rate was significantly higher in the patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (58,3% vs. 27,9%, p<0,0001). The first year survived 60% patients with ischemic stroke, and 38% with intracerebral hemorrhage. After 5 years, 188 (31%) patients with ischemic stroke and 53 (24%) with intracerebral hemorrhage were alive (p=0,5), and the cumulative survival rate for the entire study was 29%. Among 30-day survivors (n=535) surviving rate after 5 years was significantly higher in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (57% vs. 42,5%, p=0,01). The survival rate was the highest for those 50 years and younger (57%), and the lowest for those aged over 70 years (9%). Predictors of 5-year mortality were older age and hypertension for both types of stroke, heart diseases for ischemic stroke and diabetes for intracerebral hemorrhage. Long-term survival after first-ever ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage is similar. However, among 30-day survivors the 5-year survival is better in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
Helicobacter Pylori as a Promoter of Accelerated Regeneration, Pathological Differentiation and Transformation of Normal Gastric Mucosa into Cancerous Type
Authors: Vukobrat-Bijedić Zora , Radović Svjetlana , Husić-Selimović Azra , Gornjaković Srđan
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study was to ascertain presence of Helicobacter pylori in gastric carcinoma as a responsible promoter of inflammatory-regenerative changes, which lead to pathological differentiation and transformation of normal epithelial cells into intestinal type and, in progression, cause epithelial dysplasia that develops into early gastric carcinoma. The paper presents prospective study that includes clinical, pathohistological and microbiological aspects of carcinogenesis initiation in gastric mucosa. The subjects are patients treated at Gastroenterohepatology Clinic divided into two groups. One group included 50 patients with gastric carcinoma while the control group included 50 patients with chronic atrophic H. pylori positive gastritis. All the patients were subjected to endoscopy as well as biopsy targeted at antrum, lesser curvature and corpus and at the region 1-2 cm removed from tumor lesion. We used HUT test to verify H. pylori presence in biopsy samples. We analyzed the samples for presence, frequency and severity of inflammatory-regenerative, metaplastic and dysplastic changes in gastric mucosa and evaluated their meaning for the prognosis. Our study confirmed Helicobaster pylori responsibility for inflammatory events in gastric mucosa in patients with gastric carcinoma. Slight and mild epithelial dysplasia with chronic atrophic gastritis grade I and II coupled with intestinal metaplasia may be considered an indicator for early detection of carcinoma. Such patients represent risk group for gastric carcinoma development.
Two-criteria Dental Aging Method Applied to a Bosnian Population: Comparison of Formulae for Each Tooth Group Versus One Formula for all Teeth
Authors: Sarajlić Nermin , Cihlarž Zdenko , Klonowski Eva-Elvira , Selak Ivan , Brkić Hrvoje , Topić Berislav
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to obtain age estimation formulae using the length of periodontosis, transparency of the root and root height in each tooth group for the current male population in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to compare these formulae with Lamendin's and Prince's formulae. The research was undertaken on 847 single rooted teeth from 200 identified deceased persons, individuals who died between the ages of 23 and 85 years. Periodontosis, transparency and root height were measured according to Lamendin's procedure. All teeth were grouped in two ways: according to the tooth groups and to the age groups. The highest coefficients of correlation are obtained for maxillary canines (R = 0,731) and mandibular canines (R = 0,706) and the maxillary lateral incisors showed the lowest mean error (ME = 6,63 years). In age groups, the lowest mean error was obtained in the 40-49 years age group (ME = 5,15 years). Equations developed in this study give statistically significantly better age estimations in comparison to the original Lamendin and Prince formulae for the whole sample as well as for each tooth group, except for mandibular central incisors. Age estimation with models developed for each tooth group (except for mandibular lateral incisors) was statistically significantly better than models based on the whole sample.
Position of Mandibular Joint Surface in Cenrric Relation
Authors: Šuljak-Lončarević Azijada , Ajanović Muhamed
Published: May 2018

The position of mandible in centric relation is the initial position in prosthodontic rehabilitation. This fact is especially significant today when, due to development of implantology, the use of osseointegrated prostheses is increasingly discussed. The aim of the study is to define if the peak of the articulating surface of mandible in centric relation position is directed towards the zenith of madibular fossa, or is in the retroposition. The research was conducted on macerated human sculls in anthropometric system, based on objective measuring techniques and methods. The results showed that if the zenith of mandibular fossa is determined according to the vertical line of the Frankfurt horizontal, the peak of the mandibular caput articulating surface is in retroposition. The relation of the lower joint surface to the mandibular fossa zenith is the same on both right and left side. The correlation coefficient demonstrates a high correlation between the sides, highly significant with probability level of p<0,01. If the peak of mandibular fossa is determined according to the vertical line of the Frankfurt horizontal, the peak of the articulating surface of mandibular caput is in retroposition in relation to the peak of the upper jaw surface. This original scientific work will help better understanding of x-ray analysis and understanding of relationship of TMJ surfaces, what is necessary for treatment of TMD and occlusal imbalances.
Treatment aspects of primary nephrotic syndrome in adults
Authors: Rašić Senija , Unčanin Snježana , Džemidžić Jasminka , Aganović Kenana , Srna Amira , Rašić Ismar
Published: May 2018

Strict therapy protocol, which would be used universally for certain morphological forms of primary nephrotic syndrome, does not exist. The aim of the study was to show the effects of used therapy protocol in treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome at the Institute of Nephrology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo in period of 2000-2005. The retrospective analysis covered 48 patients (17 women and 31 men) with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, where pathomorphological changes were proved by kidney biopsy. Minimal change disease was confirmed with 6 (12.5%) patients. All patients were initially treated with corticosteroids with dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight. Five patients were in the group of primary responders (83.3%) with long term total remission, and 1 patient (16.6%) was a primary responder with 3 relapses in 8 months with a therapy of corticosteroids and bolus of cyclophosphamide. Diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis was shown in 13 patients (27.1%). Seven patients from this group were treated with corticosteroid therapy (1 mg/kg of body weight for 4 weeks, followed by 0.5 mg/ kg of body weight until therapeutical response was achieved, and finally gradual exclusion of therapy after eight weeks in responsive patients). Six patients were treated with corticosteroids and one-month of bolus cyclophosphamide during half of year (10-5 mg/kg of body weight). Total remission was achieved in 37,9% of the patients. The IgA nephropathy presented with the nephrotic syndrome was shown in 10.4% (5) of the patients. Three patients from this group were treated with corticosteroid therapy (1 mg/kg of body weight for 4 weeks, followed by 0,5 mg/ kg of body weight until therapeutical response was achieved, and finally gradual exclusion of therapy after eight weeks in responsive patients) and.2 patients with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide (1.5 mg/kg of body weight) during 6 months. Complete remission of nephrotic syndrome from this pathomorphological category was achieved in 2 patients. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was shown in 6 patients (12.5%). All were treated with corticosteroids plus bolus of cyclophosphamide. Partial remission was achieved in one patient. Membranous glomerulonephritis was confirmed in 18 patients (37.5 %). Combined therapy of corticosteroids and bolus of cyclophosphamide was used in 7/18 patients, in 2/18 patients therapy of corticosteroids and per os cyclophosphamide (2 mg/kg of body weight) and in 9/18 patients cyclosporine therapy (3 mg/kg of body weight). Complete remission was achieved in 38.8% of the patients. A high percentage of achieved remissions of primary nephrotic syndrome in adults shows the efficiency of immunomodulating therapy used. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis still remains a therapy problem.
Inﬂammatory and Metabolic Response of the Myocardium During Aortic Valve Surgery on the Beating Heart
Authors: Kacila Mirsad , Bevilaqua Stefano , Matteucci Sasha , Solinas Marco , Farnetti Andrea , Jacopo Gianetti , Glauber Mattia
Published: May 2018

This study has been conducted in an effort to establish metabolic and inflammatory responses of the myocardium during aortic valve surgery on the beating heart with CPB and continuous coronary sinus perfusion with normothermic blood. Twenty patients, divided into two groups, participated in this study. Conventional aortic valvular operations were performed on first 10 patients, while the second group, consisting of 10 patients as well, was subjected to the operations with CPB on the beating heart with continuously perfusion with blood through coronary sinus. There were total of 14 biological and 6 mechanical valves implanted in aortic position. In this study, cardiac markers and inflammatory mediators IL-8 and TNF, were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Metabolic changes were documented based on the levels of CK-MB, troponin I, myoglobin and LDH. Inflammatory factors we measured through IL-8 and TNF. All measurements were taken in 6 hour intervals during the initial 48 hours following the operations. The patients of "the beating heart" group had significantly lower dose of markers and cytokines in comparison to those who had undergone the conventional valvular operation. The elimination of the adverse effects of global ischemia produced from reperfusion injury and the similarity to the physiological condition, suggests that the revival of the beating heart procedure is more reasonable. This procedure of valvular surgery on the beating heart can be one of the good surgical options for the high-risk valvular patients.
Optimisation of Forensic Genetics Procedures Used in Disputed Paternity Testing: Adjustment of the PCR Reaction Volume
Authors: Marjanović Damir , Bakal Narcisa , Kovačević Lejla , Hodžić Melisa , Haverić Anja , Haverić Sanin , Ibrulj Slavica , Durmić Adaleta
Published: May 2018

Standard molecular techniques, with only a slight modification, are very useful in obtaining and interpreting the final results in the field of forensic genetic. Data obtained through such analysis are highly reliable and can be used as a very powerful tool that produces valuable results. However, success and swiftness of DNA typing of biological evidence either that found at a crime scene or used in disputed paternity testing, depends on the optimization of numerous factors. One of the most important and critical phases that ensures reliability of the whole procedure is the choice of the most suitable volume for the amplification protocol. Buccal swabs were collected from volunteers. DNA was extracted by Qiagen Dnaeasy Tissue Kit. PowerPlex 16 kit was used to simultaneously amplify 15 STR loci by PCR. Amplification was carried out as described previously. The tested total working reaction volumes were 5, 10 and 25 microl. The PCR amplification was carried out in PE Gene Amp PCR System Thermal Cycler (ABI, Foster City, CA). Amplification products were analyzed on an ABI PRISM 377 instrument (ABI, Foster City, CA) in 5% bis-acrilamide gel. Amplification was generally successful for all the tested reaction volumes. Lower partial to complete DNA profiles ratio, the quality of obtained STR profiles, significantly reduced amount of reaction's components give advantage to 5 microl reaction volume over other two tested volumes in this case.
HIV/AIDS Cases According to the Year of Diagnosis and Selected Characteristics of Cases Registered in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1991-2004
Authors: Ravlija Jelena , Puvačić Sandra , Puvačić Zlatko , Curić Ivan
Published: May 2018

In the period between 1991-2004, in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina there were altogether 59 registered HIV positive persons, out of those 43 were clinically diagnosed with AIDS. Gender-wise, 83% of the infected were male, and 17% female. The age groups with the highest risk of being infected with HIV are 20-24 and 40-44. The most frequent way of infection is heterosexual intercourse (46%), followed by intravenous drug use (31%), whilst 23% of the registered were infected through homosexual intercourse. Out of 43 diagnosed AIDS cases, 42% are heterosexuals, 35% intravenous drug users, whilst 21 % are homosexual or bisexual. Out of the total number of registered HIV/AIDS cases in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, thirty two died during the mentioned period (54%).
Osteoporosis - Current Trends in Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Kulenović Indira , Rašić Senija , Kulenović Elvedin
Published: May 2018

Osteoporosis (OP) is a generalized skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue and susceptibility to fracture. Most frequently it occurs in postmenopausal women and the aged. It is a chronic condition of multifactorial etiology and is a major global healthcare problem in developed and rising in developing countries. Patients with uncomplicated OP are usually asymptomatic which contributes to serious under-diagnosing of this potentially devastating condition. It is estimated that less than half of patients with OP are diagnosed in many developed countries. Therefore preventive measures and timely diagnosis have to be a key aspect of management of this disorder. In this article we briefly underline pato-physiology of the disorder, review current methods of measuring bone mineral density, describe risk factors and evaluate current and potential therapies.
Daily Fluctuation of Cortisol in the Saliva and Serum of Healthy Persons
Authors: Ljubijankić Nevzeta , Popović-Javorić Ranka , Šćeta Sabiha , Šapčanin Aida , Tahirović Ismet , Sofić Emin
Published: May 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate cortisol in the saliva and serum of healthy persons and its daily fluctuations by using immunochemical method on a autoanalyzer. Biological samples: Serum from 14 healthy persons and saliva from 18 healthy persons were taken two times at 8 a.m. and at 4 p.m. Immunochemical assay: The principle of this method is the competitive binding of cortisol present in the analyzed sample and cortisol marked with peroxides on binding parts with specific antibodies. Statistical analysis: Student t-test. Cortisol in saliva in the morning: 21,2 ± 16,2 nmol/l and in the afternoon 12,7 ± 8,1 nmol/l. Cortisol in serum in the morning: 459, 6 ± 235,2 nmol/l, and in the afternoon 340,5 ± 207,5 nmol/l. The concentrations of cortisol in saliva are lower than in serum. Cortisol in the serum in the morning is about twenty times higher than cortisol in the saliva at the same time. Cortisol in the serum at afternoon is about twenty-seven times higher than cortisol in the saliva. Individual variabilities of cortisol in the saliva and serum were found during the day.
Incidental Prostate Cancer in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystoprostatectomy for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hiroš Mustafa , Spahović Hajrudin , Selimović Mirsad , Sadović Sabina
Published: May 2018

The objective of this work is to verify the incidence of incidental prostate adenocarcinoma in patients who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for invasive bladder carcinoma. We have retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for infiltrative bladder tumors in period between 2003 and 2007 year, 94 men with bladder cancer underwent radical cystoprostatectomy at Urology Clinic-University of Sarajevo Clinics Centre. Mean age of patients was 67 years, with age limits ranging between 48 and 79 years. Pathohystological evaluation was used for all specimens from RCP. We found that 9,57% of cystoprostatectomy specimens in patients with bladder cancer also contained incidental prostate cancer. This result was much lower than overall mean frequency of incidentally detected prostate cancer in other series of cystoprostatectomy cases (range, 23%-68%). In conclusion we recommended digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test as part of the bladder cancer work up and complete removal of the prostate at cystoprostatectomy to prevent residual prostate cancer.
Classic and Modified Barr’s Technique of Anterior Transfer of the Tibialis Posterior Tendon in Irreparable Peroneal Palsies
Authors: Salihagić Sanela , Hadžiahmetović Zoran , Fazlić Abdulah
Published: May 2018

Peroneal palsy with loss of active dorsal flexion in foot can be surgically treated by anterior transfer of tibialis posterior tendon. Two techniques are available, classic and modified Barr’s technique of the anterior transfer of tibialis posterior tendon, with different place of tendon’s reinsertion. The aim of the study is evaluation of the degree of active dorsal flexion in foot, and appearance of varus position and hipercorrection of the foot, by comparing the results of the two operative techniques. The study included 40 patients with peroneal irreparable palsies, divided into two equally sized groups. The first group was treated by classic Barr’s technique. The other group of patients was treated by modified Barr’s technique. The group treated by modified Barr’s technique exhibited better functional results. Active dorsal flexion achieved between 95o (in 35% cases) and 90o (in 50% cases), while varus position and hipercorrection of the foot were absent. In the second group of 20 patients, treated by classic Barr’s technique, 80o (40%) and 90o (25%) of active dorsal flexion, indicated worse functional postoperative results. Active dorsal flexion of 70o achieved by this method in two cases (10%), represents unsatisfactory functional result. Varus position of the foot was recorded in 5 cases (25%) and hipercorrection in 4 cases (20%). Modified Barr’s technique is surgical method with better functional and postoperative results in treatment of irreparable peroneal palsy