bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of police officers' support for the public-private partnerships (PPPs) in policing cyberspace
Authors: Paek Seung Yeop , Nalla Mahesh K. , Lee Julak
Published: September 2020

Purpose

This exploratory research examined law enforcement officers' attitudes toward the public-private partnerships (PPPs) in policing cyberspace. Particularly, by investigating the predictors of police officers' support for the PPPs, the authors aimed to offer practical implications for maintaining order and responding to illegal activities in the virtual environment.

Design/methodology/approach

A convenience sample of South Korean police officers was surveyed using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire.

Findings

The findings showed that officer perceptions of the seriousness and the frequency of property cybercrimes, computer proficiency and awareness of a lack of training were positively associated with the support for the PPPs. In addition, years of experience was negatively related to the support for the PPPs.

Originality/value

Law enforcement officers' perceptions toward public-private cooperation in combatting cybercrime have never been examined. This research fills the gap by exploring the predictors of officer support for cross-sectoral partnerships within the framework of nodal governance security in the cultural context of South Korea.
Understanding the work goals–early retirement intention relationship: the mediating role of work passion and moderating role of HR practices’ flexibility
Authors: Cui Guodong , Wang Fuxi , Cheng Yanyuan , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Based on goal content theory (GCT), this study examines the associations between different work goal contents (intrinsic and extrinsic goals) and early retirement intentions and reveals the underlying mechanisms of abovementioned relations.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper tested the proposed model by using a sample of 265 workers in China using a two-wave survey.

Findings

Findings(1) employees' intrinsic and extrinsic goals are both negatively related to early retirement intentions, and the effect of extrinsic goals on early retirement intentions is more significant. (2) Work passion was found to be a strong mediator between work goal content and employees' early retirement intentions. (3) Human resource (HR) practices’ flexibility significantly moderates the relationship between work passion and early retirement intentions.

Originality/value

The contribution of the current study is that this study first takes into account individuals’ psychological and organizational factors, aiming to reveal the differential effect of different work goals on individuals' early retirement intentions as well as the mediating effect of work passion and the moderating effect of HR practices’ flexibility in the abovementioned relations.
A quarter century of management research in South Asia – III: analysis and conclusions
Authors: Menon Sanjay T.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

In Part I and Part II of this review series, management research over a 25-year period from 1990 to 2014 from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka was reviewed (Menon, 2016, 2019). This final paper presents further analysis, including author affiliation analysis, and an exploration of contextual factors affecting management research in each of the eight South Asian countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Publication trends and the locational affiliation of the authors (in-country vs external) were analyzed. Country-specific analysis and policy recommendations were developed from an ecological and institutional theory perspective.

Findings

There were a total of 1,250 management research articles related to South Asian countries published in 183 journals, with the most being in the International Journal of Human Resource Management (n = 92). The average number of publications per year has steadily increased, nearly doubling in the last five years. An analysis of author affiliations revealed that a majority (64%) of the first authors were based in the West.

Originality/value

The author affiliation analysis in this paper is an original technique and offers empirical evidence that much of quality management research on South Asia is undertaken by scholars external to the region. The review series is the first such comprehensive effort covering management research in all eight South Asian countries over a 25-year period and offers country-specific explanations for the state of management research in these countries.
Vibratory weld conditioning during gas tungsten arc welding of al 5052 alloy on the mechanical and micro-structural behavior
Authors: Vykunta Rao M. , P. Srinivasa Rao , Surendra Babu B.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Vibratory weld conditioning parameters have a great influence on the improvement of mechanical properties of weld connections. The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of vibratory weld conditioning on the mechanical and microstructural characterization of aluminum 5052 alloy weldments. An attempt is made to understand the effect of the vibratory tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process parameters on the hardness, ultimate tensile strength and microstructure of Al 5052-H32 alloy weldments.

Design/methodology/approach

Aluminum 5052 H32 specimens are welded at different combinations of vibromotor voltage inputs and time of vibrations. Voltage input is varied from 50 to 230 V at an interval of 10 V. At each voltage input to the vibromotor, there are three levels of time of vibration, i.e. 80, 90 and 100 s. The vibratory TIG-welded specimens are tested for their mechanical and microstructural properties.

Findings

The results indicate that the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy weld connections improved by increasing voltage input up to 160 V. Also, it has been observed that by increasing vibromotor voltage input beyond 160 V, mechanical properties were reduced significantly. It is also found that vibration time has less influence on the mechanical properties of weld connections. Improvement in hardness and ultimate tensile strength of vibratory welded joints is 16 and 14%, respectively, when compared without vibration, i.e. normal weld conditions. Average grain size is measured as per ASTM E 112–96. Average grain size is in the case of 0, 120, 160 and 230 is 20.709, 17.99, 16.57 and 20.8086 µm, respectively.

Originality/value

Novel vibratory TIG welded joints are prepared. Mechanical and micro-structural properties are tested.
Interbacterial competition and anti‐predatory behaviour of environmental Vibrio cholerae strains
Authors: Drebes Dörr Natália C. , Blokesch Melanie
Published: September 2020

Vibrio cholerae isolates responsible for cholera pandemics represent only a small portion of the diverse strains belonging to this species. Indeed, most V. cholerae are encountered in aquatic environments. To better understand the emergence of pandemic lineages, it is crucial to discern what differentiates pandemic strains from their environmental relatives. Here, we studied the interaction of environmental V. cholerae with eukaryotic predators or competing bacteria and tested the contributions of the haemolysin and the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to those interactions. Both of these molecular weapons are constitutively active in environmental isolates but subject to tight regulation in the pandemic clade. We showed that several environmental isolates resist amoebal grazing and that this anti‐grazing defense relies on the strains' T6SS and its actincross‐linking domain (ACD)‐containing tip protein. Strains lacking the ACD were unable to defend themselves against grazing amoebae but maintained high levels of T6SS‐dependent interbacterial killing. We explored the latter phenotype through whole‐genome sequencing of 14 isolates, which unveiled a wide array of novel T6SS effector and (orphan) immunity proteins. By combining these in silico predictions with experimental validations, we showed that highly similar but non‐identical immunity proteins were insufficient to provide cross‐immunity among those wild strains.
Statistical Myths About Log‐Transformed Dependent Variables and How to Better Estimate Exponential Models
Authors: Villadsen Anders R. , Wulff Jesper N.
Published: September 2020

We review 10 years of research published in the Strategic Management Journal (SMJ) and find the wide use of log‐transformed dependent variables (LTDVs) to be based on statistical myths, with possible detrimental effects for the validity of research findings. We find that many researchers use LTDVs for the wrong reasons, and very often in a way that is misaligned with the hypothesis they intend to examine. Researchers also appear unaware of the severe shortcomings of LTDVs. Using LTDVs implies estimating an exponential model, which represents a non‐linear relationship. We identify three myths that are widely followed by researchers: (1) LTDVs should be used to make distributions more normal; (2) linear hypotheses can be tested with LTDVs; and (3) LTDVs are the best way to estimate an exponential model. We call on researchers to exhibit caution when planning to use LTDVs and recommend instead the use of generalized linear models (GLMs) with quasi‐maximum likelihood estimation. The superiority of GLMs is demonstrated by two empirical examples from recently published studies.
The challenge of using a ‘non‐positivist’ paradigm and getting through the peer‐review process
Authors: Bonache Jaime
Published: September 2020

In this study, using the comments made by reviewers of an interpretive article as evidence, I highlight some typical methodological objections to interpretive manuscripts. These objections are focussed on issues such as the way in which the research question must be formulated, the degree of a priori theorisation in a field study, the role performed by the researchers, the goal of triangulation, the desirable number of cases or the standards to be used to assess the quality of the studies. I suggest that qualitative positivism is often used as a ‘template’ from which to provide the ‘right way’ of addressing those issues and that this positivist bias may be hindering and even preventing the introduction of new and alternative ways of seeing and theorising. I conclude the work by advocating for a greater presence of interpretivism within the International human resource management field and offering some recommendations to authors to improve the prospects of getting their work published.
Intake of okara soup for 2 weeks for breakfast improved defecation habits in young Japanese women with self‐reported constipation: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, intervention study
Authors: Maeta Akihiro , Katsukawa Masahiro , Inomoto Yasushi , Hayase Yaeko , Takahashi Kyoko
Published: September 2020

Okara is a byproduct of soymilk manufacturing and a rich source of protein and dietary fiber. We investigated whether okara intake improves the habit of defecation in young Japanese women (n = 52) with self‐reported constipation. Subjects were categorized into placebo and test groups, who ingested soymilk (0.1 g fiber/meal) and okara (4.1 g fiber/meal) soups, respectively, every day for breakfast, for 2 weeks. Subjects’ body composition, bowel movement frequency per week, and constipation assessment scale (CAS) and brief‐type self‐administered diet history questionnaire scores were assessed at baseline and after the intervention (Analysis 1). Further, subjects’ bowel movement frequency per week and CAS scores were assessed during the 2‐week follow‐up (Analysis 2). There were no significant differences in age, anthropometric characteristics, nutrients intake, frequency of bowel movements per week, and total CAS scores between the placebo and test groups at baseline. After intervention, the total CAS score was significantly lower in the test group than in the placebo group. Moreover, the difference in the total CAS scores between baseline and after intervention was lower in the test group than in the placebo group, although not significant. The weekly frequency of bowel movement significantly increased for both placebo and test groups. The test group reported reduced abdominal bloating 2 weeks after the intervention, but the placebo group did not. The findings suggest that okara is effective in increasing the frequency of bowel movements and improving defecation habit in young women with self‐reported constipation.

Practical Application

Okara is an effective food to increase the frequency of bowel movements and to improve defecation habits in young women with self‐reported constipation.
Stability, kinetics, and application study of phycobiliprotein pigments extracted from red algae Gracilaria gracilis
Authors: Pereira Tatiana , Barroso Sónia , Mendes Susana , Gil Maria M.
Published: September 2020

Phycobiliprotein (PBP) pigments were extracted from red algae Gracilaria gracilis through maceration in phosphate buffer using previously optimized conditions. The stability of PBPs in the extracts was assessed by monitoring the extracts at different pHs and temperatures for 10 days. Since phycoerythrin (PE) is the main PBP present in G. gracilis, PE content was spectroscopically determined and used as a response factor. Kinetic modeling was used to describe PE degradation under different ranges of T and pH. The pigment extracts presented higher stability at pH 6.9 and −20 °C. PE was semipurified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate 65% followed by dialysis against water until a purity index of 0.7. The pigment was successfully applied as colorant in pancakes and yogurts with a pigment concentration of 0.15%. This study highlights the potential of PE pigments extracted from G. gracilis for applications in food products.

Practical Application

Phycobiliprotein pigments were extracted from red algae Gracilaria gracilis through maceration in phosphate buffer. The stability of the pigment was evaluated at different pHs and temperatures, presenting higher stability at neutral pH and low temperatures. The pigment was successfully applied as colorant in pancakes and yogurts with a low pigment concentration. This study highlights the potential of phycobiliprotein pigments extracted from G. gracilis for applications in food products.
Pulmonary metastasis of distal cholangiocarcinoma with multiple cavities in bilateral lungs: A case report
Authors: Zhai Nailiang , Liu Jinping , Xu Pan , Liu Bo , Fan Yichu , Lv Changjun
Published: September 2020

Cholangiocarcinoma is a type of malignant tumor derived from the epithelium of the bile duct. Cases of cholangiocarcinoma metastasis to the lung are rare, especially those with imaging features of multiple cavities in bilateral lungs. Here, we report a case of a patient who had previously undergone radical resection of primary distal cholangiocarcinoma 18 months ago. Transbronchoscopic lung biopsy of the right lung and biopsy of the left supraclavicular lymph node were performed for pathology confirmation, as well as immunohistochemistry. Multiple cavity shadows in bilateral lungs and enlarged lymph nodes were found on the computed tomography (CT) scan obtained 18 months postoperatively. No obviously enlarged lymph nodes were observed under the carina and beside the aortic arch, whereas enlarged lymph nodes were found above the left clavicle. Biopsy of lung and supraclavicular lymph nodes confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed that it originated from the digestive tract and had the same homology as cholangiocarcinoma (CK19 +, Villin +). Cholangiocarcinoma can be transferred to the lung and the left supraclavicular lymph nodes through the lymphatic pathway by characteristic jumping lymph node metastases. Diffuse cystic change is a specific CT manifestation of the lymphatic lung metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma.
Young‐onset colorectal cancer is associated with a personal history of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mikaeel Reger R. , Symonds Erin L. , Kimber James , Smith Eric , Horsnell Mehgan , Uylaki Wendy , Tapia Rico Gonzalo , Hewett Peter J. , Yong Jonathan , Tonkin Darren , Jesudason David , Poplawski Nicola K. , Ruszkiewicz Andrew R. , Drew Paul A. , Hardingham Jenny E. , Wong Stephanie , Frank Oliver , Tomita Yoko , Patel Dainik , Vatandoust Sina , Townsend Amanda R. , Roder David , Young Graeme P. , Parry Susan , Tomlinson Ian P. , Wittert Gary , Wattchow David , Worthley Daniel L. , Brooks William J. , Price Timothy J. , Young Joanne P.
Published: September 2020

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is rising in incidence in young adults, and this observation is currently unexplained. We investigated whether having a personal history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) was a potential risk factor for young‐onset colorectal cancer (YOCRC).

Methods

The South Australian Young Onset (SAYO) CRC study is a series of young adults with CRC below age 55. Ninety unrelated YOCRC cases were recruited to the study. Personal history and detailed family history of T2D were obtained at face‐to‐face interview and confirmed from medical records. Whole exome sequencing was conducted on germline DNA from each CRC case. Controls for personal history studies of T2D were 240 patients with proven clear colonoscopies and no known CRC predispositions.

Results

The median age of YOCRC cases was 44 years (18–54) and of controls was 45 years (18–54), and 53% of both cases and controls were females (P = 0.99). Left‐sided (distal) CRC was seen in 67/89 (75%) of cases. A personal history of T2D was confirmed in 17/90 (19%) YOCRC patients compared with controls (12/240, 5%; P < 0.001; odds ratio = 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.0–9.7). YOCRC patients frequently reported at least one first‐degree relative with T2D (32/85, 38%). Ten of 87 (12%) of YOCRC cases had CRC‐related pathogenic germline variants, however, no pathogenic variants in familial diabetes‐associated genes were seen.

Conclusions

Though the mechanism remains unclear, our observations suggest that there is enrichment for personal history of T2D in YOCRC patients.

Impact

A diagnosis of T2D could therefore potentially identify a subset of young adults at increased risk for CRC and in whom early screening might be appropriate.
Treatment modalities and risk of adverse events associated with biologic therapy: A 10‐year observational review of the Australasian Psoriasis Registry
Authors: Doolan Brent J , Koye Digsu , Ling Joanna , Cains Geoffrey D , Baker Christopher , Foley Peter , Dolianitis Con
Published: September 2020

Background

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting ~2–3% of the Australasian population. Therapeutic options include topical agents, phototherapy, systemic immunomodulators and biologic agents. Biologics present an acceptable short‐ and medium‐term safety profile, derived mainly from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and, however, may not represent real‐world rates of adverse events (AEs).

Methods

A retrospective, observational study of patients enrolled in The Australasian Psoriasis Registry from April 2008 to October 2018 was conducted. Data were collected from 104 sites in Australia and New Zealand. Patient characteristics, treatments and AE data were collected. AEs were classified by MedDRA System events.

Results

2094 patients were included (3765 patient‐treatments), comprising; 1110 phototherapy, 1280 systemic and 1375 biologic therapy patient‐treatments. Treatment arms were not mutually exclusive. The mean ± SD from date of diagnosis of psoriasis to commencement of biologic therapy was 8.9 ± 12.3 years. Methotrexate had the longest exposure time (3740.3 patient‐years), and ustekinumab had the longest median (95% CI) time on treatment, 4.3 years (2.2, 6.6). AE differences on biologic treatment were present between patients who would have been eligible or ineligible for RCTs. Approximately 29% of registry patients would have been excluded from clinical trials enrolment. Patients ineligible for RCTs had increased adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of: infections and infestations (2.3, 1.7–3.1; P < 0.001), cardiac (8.2, 3.5–25.6; P < 0.001), gastrointestinal (3.5, 1.52–8.0; P < 0.001), hepatobiliary (5.6 1.7–19.1; P < 0.001), psychiatric (4.7, 1.5–14.1; P = 0.006) and eye disorders (4.8 1.5–15.6; P = 0.008), compared to those eligible for RCTs. Incidence rates in the trial eligible patients were similar to those reported from RCT rates.

Conclusions

This study establishes treatment modalities in use for severe psoriasis and the clinical rates of AEs associated with biologic therapy.
Prostacyclin facilitates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transformation via activating TP receptors when IP receptors are deficient
Authors: Li Ziqing , Luo Wenwei , Fang Shi , Chen Xinyi , Lin Tong , Zhou Sihang , Zhang Lili , Yang Wanqi , Li Zhenzhen , Ye Jiantao , Wang Junjian , Liu Peiqing , Li Zhuoming
Published: September 2020

Aim

By activating prostacyclin receptors (IP receptors), prostacyclin (PGI2) exerts cardiovascular protective effects such as vasodilation and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. However, IP receptors are dysfunctional under pathological conditions, and PGI2 produces detrimental effects that are opposite to its physiological protective effects via thromboxane‐prostanoid (TP) receptors. This attempted to investigate whether or not IP receptor dysfunction facilitates the shift of PGI2 action. Methods: The effects of PGI2 and its stable analog iloprost on VSMC phenotypic transformation and proliferation were examined in A10 cells silencing IP receptors, in human aortic VSMCs (HAVSMCs) knocked down IP receptor by CRISPR‐Cas9, or in HAVSMCs transfected with a dysfunctional mutation of IP receptor IPR212C. Results: PGI2/iloprost treatment stimulated cell proliferation, upregulated synthetic proteins and downregulated contractile proteins, suggesting that PGI2/iloprost promotes VSMC phenotypic transformation in IP‐deficient cells. The effect of PGI2/iloprost was prevented by TP antagonist S18886 or TP knockdown, indicating that the VSMC detrimental effect of PGI2 is dependent on TP receptor. RNA sequencing and Western blotting results showed that RhoA/ROCKs, MEK1/2 and JNK signalling cascades were involved. Moreover, IP deficiency increased the distribution of TP receptors at the cell membrane. Conclusion: PGI2 induces VSMC phenotypic transformation when IP receptors are impaired. This is attributed to the activation of TP receptor and its downstream signaling cascades, and to the increased membrane distribution of TP receptors. The VSMC detrimental effect of PGI2 medicated by IP dysfunction and TP activation might probably exacerbate vascular remodelling, accelerating cardiovascular diseases.
Esophageal atresia with right aortic arch: An experience of thoracoscopic repair through left thorax
Authors: Saka Ryuta , Tazuke Yuko , Ueno Takehisa , Nomura Motonari , Deguchi Koichi , Okuyama Hiroomi
Published: September 2020

Right aortic arch (RAA) is one of congenital cardiovascular anomalies associated with esophageal atresia (EA). The surgical treatment for EA with RAA is still challenging. Although most pediatric surgeons are familiar with the right‐sided approach, the division of the tracheoesophageal fistula and the anastomosis of the esophagus through right thorax are often difficult in cases of RAA. There are a few reports on thoracoscopic repair for EA with RAA. We report a case of EA with RAA treated by left‐sided thoracoscopic approach. With left‐sided thoracoscopic approach, identification and anastomosis of the esophagus could be safely performed without obstruction by the right‐sided descending aorta. There was no leakage or stricture. Thoracoscopic repair of EA with RAA through the left thorax is feasible and safe without obstruction by the right‐sided descending aorta.
Examination of milk microbiota, fecal microbiota, and blood metabolites of Jersey cows in cool and hot seasons
Authors: Nguyen Qui D. , Tsuruta Takeshi , Nishino Naoki
Published: September 2020

Microbiota of individual cow milk, bulk tank milk, and feces of Jersey cows were examined. Samples were collected from two farms (F1 and F2) in cool (November, Nov) and hot (July, Jul) seasons. Milk yield and milk composition were similar between the two farms and between the two seasons. Prevalent taxa of the fecal microbiota, i.e. Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, and Clostridiaceae, were unaffected by the farm and season. Relative abundance of milk microbiota for Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptococcaceae (F1 > F2) and Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Cellulomonadaceae (F1 < F2) were different between the two farms, and those for Staphylococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Veillonellaceae (Nov < Jul) and Methylobacteriaceae and Moraxellaceae (Nov > Jul) were different between the two seasons. The microbiota of bulk tank milk was numerically different from that of individual cow milk. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the milk microbiota was unrelated to the fecal microbiota. The finding that relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae and Moraxellaceae appeared greater than those reported for Holstein milk suggested that higher protein and fat content may result in a greater abundance of proteolytic and lipolytic taxa in Jersey cow milk.
Amyloid beta regulates ER exit sites formation through O‐GlcNAcylation triggered by disrupted calcium homeostasis
Authors: Cho Hyun Jin , Mook‐Jung Inhee
Published: September 2020

Background Information

Aberrant production of amyloid beta (Aβ) causes disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis, a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Calcium is required for the fusion and trafficking of vesicles. Previously, we demonstrated that Sec31A, a main component for coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles at ER exit sites (ERES), is modulated by O‐GlcNAcylation. O‐GlcNAcylation, a unique and dynamic protein glycosylation process, modulates the formation of COPII vesicles.

Results

In this study, we observed that disrupted calcium levels affected the formation of COPII vesicles in ERES through calcium‐triggered O‐GlcNAcylation of Sec31A. Additionally, we found that Aβ impaired ERES through Aβ‐disturbed calcium homeostasis and O‐GlcNAcylation of Sec31A in neuronal cells. Furthermore, we identified that Aβ disrupted the ribbon‐like structure of Golgi. Golgi fragmentation by Aβ was rescued by up‐regulation of O‐GlcNAcylaion levels using Thiamet G (ThiG), an O‐GlcNAcase inhibitor. Additionally, we observed that the Golgi reassembly stacking proteins having a function in Golgi stacking showed attenuation at COPII vesicles following Aβ treatment.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that Aβ impaired Sec31A targeting to ERES through altered Sec31A O‐GlcNAcylation triggered by disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis.

Significance

The findings of this study suggested that protection of ERES or Sec31 O‐GlcNAcylation may offer a promising novel avenue for development of AD therapeutics.
Frequent neck US in papillary thyroid cancer likely detects non‐actionable findings
Authors: Sek Kathleen Su‐Yen , Tsang Ingrid , Lee Xuan Yong , Albaqmi Omar H. , Morosan Allo Yanina Jimena , Rosmarin Melanie Cinthia , Mahrous Azhar K. , Parameswaran Rajeev , Ng David Chee Eng , Tong Aaron Kian Ti , Loke Kelvin Siu Hoong , Brenta Gabriela , Alghamdi Abdullah Hassan , Albati Naif A. , Fish Stephanie A. , Tuttle R. Michael , Yang Samantha Peiling
Published: September 2020

Background

American Thyroid Association (ATA) low‐intermediate‐risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients without structural and biochemical evidence of disease on initial post‐treatment evaluation have a low risk of recurrence. Studies have shown that with current ultrasound scans (US) and thyroglobulin assays, recurrences mostly occurred 2‐8 years after initial therapy. The ATA recommends that neck US be done 6‐12 months after surgery to establish patient's response to therapy, then periodically depending on risk of recurrence. The lack of clarity in recommendations on timing of follow‐up US and fear of recurrence leads to frequent tests.

Objectives

To evaluate the utility of routine neck US in ATA low‐intermediate‐risk PTC patients with no structural disease on neck US and non‐stimulated thyroglobulin <1.0 ng/mL after initial therapy.

Methods

A retrospective study of 93 patients from Singapore, Saudi Arabia and Argentina with ATA low (n = 49) to intermediate (n = 44) risk PTC was conducted between 1998 and 2017. The outcome was to measure the frequency of identifying structural disease recurrence and non‐actionable US abnormalities.

Results

Over a median follow‐up of 5 years, five of the 93 patients (5.4%) developed structural neck recurrence on US at a median of 2.5 years after initial treatment. Indeterminate US abnormalities were detected in 19 of the 93 patients (20.4%) leading to additional tests, which did not detect significant disease.

Conclusion

In ATA low‐intermediate‐risk PTC with no suspicious findings on neck US and a non‐stimulated thyroglobulin of <1.0 ng/mL after initial therapy, frequent US is more likely to identify non‐actionable abnormalities than clinically significant disease.
Bariatric surgery during the evolution of fatty liver–A randomized clinical trial comparing gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy based on transient elastography
Authors: de Barros Fernando , Fonseca Ana Beatriz Monteiro
Published: September 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to patients with obesity. For patients with NAFLD, bariatric surgery is the best treatment. However, the best technique to patient with severe NAFLD is still unknown. Currently available, the imaging methods for assessing and monitoring NAFLD are of limited use for diagnosing. In contrast, compared with liver biopsy and transient hepatic elastography (THE) has shown good accuracy in individuals with obesity. To prospectively compare the evolution of THE parameters of NAFLD right after the procedures: gastric bypass vs sleeve gastrectomy. Patients with obesity were randomized into two groups: gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in a previous study. Iin a previous study one week before and three months after surgery the patients underwent evaluation by THE. The patients were also analyzed with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), which assesses the degree of hepatic steatosis using the same device. Sleeve gastrectomy group showed a greater decrease in THE values (from 8.13 to 5.53 kPa) compared to the gastric bypass group (from 9.25 to 8.81 kPa; P = .004). CAP also revealed a greater decrease in sleeve subjects (from 287 to 242 dB/m) compared to gastric bypass subjects (from 290 to 276 dB/m; P < .0001). The absolute values of these differences also had a largest decrease with both methods in sleeve gastrectomy group (P = .013 and P = .005 for THE and CAP, respectively).Sleeve gastrectomy showed a greater decrease in both parameters (THE and CAP) than gastric bypass in the first months.
Reliability of ultra‐short indices for autonomic dysfunction in dyslipidemia
Authors: Nussinovitch Udi
Published: September 2020

Dyslipidemia is associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a powerful tool for evaluating the ANS and for cardiovascular risk stratification. Yet, the methodologies used are impractical in most clinical settings and therefore, are usually not applied. The current study aimed to evaluate the reliability of ultra‐short HRV parameters, which are easily calculated from any standard ECG, as a practical method for ANS study, with a focus on patients with dyslipidemia. Fifty‐nine volunteers with dyslipidemia underwent HRV study of parametric and power spectral indices according to accepted methods. Correlations were calculated between ultra‐short HRV indices (five 1‐min and five 10‐s segments) and standard 5‐min recordings. Correlations were found between 10‐s and 1‐min RMSSD and 5‐min recordings (mean Pearson ρ correlation coefficients of 0.913 and 0.944, respectively, and mean concordance correlation coefficients of 0.855 and 0.938, respectively). Associations were found between other ultra‐short HRV parameters (SDNN, maximum RR, minimum RR, pNN50, ln(RMSSD) and 5‐min recordings. In addition, average RR, HRV‐TI, NN50, TP, LF/HF, ln(SDNN), ln(HRV‐TI), ln(TP) and ln(LF/HF) from 1‐min recordings were associated with 5‐min values. In conclusion, some ultra‐short HRV parameters can be used for ANS evaluation and presumably, for cardiovascular risk stratification among patients with dyslipidemia. These parameters seem to be of great practical value for both inpatient and outpatient settings, because most can be calculated from a standard 10‐s ECG strip. The prognostic implications of ECG‐derived, ultra‐short HRV parameters in patients with dyslipidemia should be further evaluated in future studies.
Inside the Digital Learning Laboratory: New Directions in Museum Education
Authors: Bell David Raymond , Smith Jeffrey K
Published: September 2020

The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (Te Papa) in Wellington is New Zealand’s national museum. In recent years its diverse educational programs have been re‐invigorated with the introduction of new learning experiences for visiting school groups. This article describes a qualitative, formative research evaluation of the activities of Te Papa’s innovative Hīnātore Learning Laboratory digital facility initiated at from 2107. Researchers from the University of Otago conducted an abductive inferential evaluation of participant experiences in the Museum and its digital learning setting. Gathering data from visit observations, questionnaires, and interviews, and analyzing this against Museum priority learning competencies of collaboration, communication and cultural engagement, they confirmed innovative practices and positive learning experiences, but also tensions between the excitements of digital engagement and the agendas of class curriculum and thematic inquiry. Two school classes were observed, working in existing Museum natural history or art display areas, then extending their thematic learning using 3D imaging, augmented reality, virtual reality and digital animation media. Researchers found that, situated against the conventional applications of digitally enhanced museum experiences, Hīnātore learning ‘challenges’ broke new ground in the synthesis of digital technologies into museum‐based learning, in ways that complemented existing school access to digital technologies, or informed aspirational strategies for future adoptions. Tracking Hīnātore activities a year later, researchers found the commitment of Museum educators to reflexive practice and innovative problem solving had generated engaging and satisfying ways of melding display experience, content learning, and ways of using the digital toolbox as a transferable, sustainable, and classroom‐friendly learning medium.
The Movement for Memory: Statements of Solidarity from Sites of Conscience
Authors: Norris Linda , Paynter Braden , Nelson Ashley
Published: September 2020

The authors consolidate here statements of solidarity made by Sites of Conscience – museums, historic sites and memory initiatives dedicated to using past struggles to address human rights today – in response to the killing of George Floyd, an unarmed African American man, by a police officer on May 25, 2020, and the global civil unrest that followed. The eight statements address a range of relevant issues from the historic connections between slavery, Jim Crow, mass incarceration and police brutality today; to the importance of amplifying black voices; to the vital role museums must take to dismantle racist practices in their own organizations. As a collection, they speak to the integral role of allyship in advocacy movements and can assist museum leaders in utilizing and articulating their own institution’s collection, history, and voice in supporting movements for social justice.
Museum Workers Must Listen Carefully to What Our Community is Saying During Demonstrations and Unrest
Authors: Jackson Reggie
Published: September 2020

The author discusses the ongoing disturbances around the USA that have come about since the killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police officers, the latest in a long line of similar cases in recent years that has inflamed sentiment about the need to reform policing around the USA. This letter from a docent advocates for museums to take on the role of storyteller to help their publics understand the connections between past oppressions and current police brutality. The author claims that museums play an essential role in public education and a vital role in the formation of visitor identities. Museums have always been places for learn about ourselves and contextualize the past while understanding the present. Museums are now well placed to provide the information that their publics miss in traditional formal school history curricula, and are ideally suited to provide safe places to tackle difficult discussions around race.
Racism, Unrest, and the Role of the Museum Field: A Conversation at the American Alliance of Museums Virtual Annual Meeting (2020)
Authors: Cole Johnnetta B. , Bunch Lonnie G. , Fogarty Lori
Published: September 2020

In the midst of a nation‐wide shutdown due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, and just prior to the American Alliance of Museums (AAM’s) Virtual Annual Meeting (May 18 and June 1‐4, 2020), a 46‐year old Black American, George Perry Floyd, Jr., was suffocated under the knee of a white police officer, while that officer’s three colleagues stood by, on the streets of Minneapolis, MN in the United States. A bystander’s video of Mr. Floyd’s pleas to breathe and cries to his late mother went viral around the world. The event triggered a global civic uprising, with weeks of sustained nationwide and global protests against systemic racism and police brutality under the Blacks Lives Matter movement’s name. To provide support and give direction to the museum community, AAM added a General Session to their Virtual Annual Meeting program, “Racism, Unrest, and the Role of the Museum Field,” structured as a conversation between Johnnetta B. Cole, Lonnie G. Bunch III and Lori Fogarty. In addressing “what could and should be our role as museum professionals in the struggle against systemic racism?” they emphasized the importance of the United States effectively confronting issues of race and racial violence and our museums to recognize that museums have been built on the power of white people over people of color, and particularly Black people. They encouraged museums to help “find truth, find insight, find nuance,” since they are “better suited than most to define reality and give hope.” The discussants urged museums, whose missions are based in stories, objects, and heritage, to be part of and to heed their communities’ call for action and, first and foremost, to be places for people and “whose missions are about imagining a better future.”
Heart, COVID‐19, and echocardiography
Authors: Capotosto Lidia , Nguyen Bich Lien , Ciardi Maria Rosaria , Mastroianni Claudio , Vitarelli Antonio
Published: September 2020

Although clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) mainly consist of respiratory symptoms, a severe cardiovascular damage may occur. Moreover, previous studies reported a correlation of cardiovascular metabolic diseases with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and actually, many COVID‐19 patients show comorbidities (systemic hypertension, cardio‐cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes) and have a raised risk of death. The purpose of this review is to focus the cardiovascular effects of 2019‐nCoV on the base of the most recent specific literature and previous learnings from SARS and MERS and analyze the potential role of echocardiography during the current critical period and short‐ and long‐term follow‐up.
An individual‐based model for the eco‐evolutionary emergence of bipartite interaction networks
Authors: Maliet Odile , Loeuille Nicolas , Morlon Hélène
Published: September 2020

How ecological interaction networks emerge on evolutionary time scales remains unclear. Here we build an individual‐based eco‐evolutionary model for the emergence of mutualistic, antagonistic and neutral bipartite interaction networks. Exploring networks evolved under these scenarios, we find three main results. First, antagonistic interactions tend to foster species and trait diversity, while mutualistic interactions reduce diversity. Second, antagonistic interactors evolve higher specialisation, which results in networks that are often more modular than neutral ones; resource species in these networks often display phylogenetic conservatism in interaction partners. Third, mutualistic interactions lead to networks that are more nested than neutral ones, with low phylogenetic conservatism in interaction partners. These results tend to match overall empirical trends, demonstrating that structures of empirical networks that have most often been explained by ecological processes can result from an evolutionary emergence. Our model contributes to the ongoing effort of better integrating ecological interactions and macroevolution.
Arthroscopic evaluation of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in horses with parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx
Authors: James Frances M. , Smith Matthew R. W. , Wright Ian M.
Published: September 2020

Background

Fractures of the proximal phalanx are one of the most common long bone fractures of Thoroughbred racehorses. Although the degree of disruption and damage to the articular surface is generally considered a major prognostic determinant, associated arthroscopic findings have not previously been reported.

Objectives

To describe the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal (MCP/MTP) joint lesions associated with parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx arthroscopically identified at the time of fracture repair and compare radiographic and arthroscopic appearance of complete fractures.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

Case records and arthroscopic images of horses with parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx admitted to Newmarket Equine Hospital from 2007 to 2017 were analysed.

Results

81 MCP/MTP joints in 78 horses underwent arthroscopic evaluation concurrent to parasagittal fracture repair. Tears of the joint capsule and dorsal synovial plica were noted in 43 cases. Arthroscopy identified articular incongruity in three horses where fracture displacement was not predicted at all on pre‐operative radiographs, and incongruity in additional plane(s) to the radiographic displacement in 14 horses. Concurrent osteochondral fragmentation and disruption of cartilage were present in some cases.

Main limitations

As a retrospective study, the arthroscopic data available for review were variable. Arthroscopic assessment of fracture reduction and joint congruency was evaluated in all cases but there was variation in the completeness of evaluation of the entire dorsal joint space of the fetlock joint. This may have led to the underestimation of soft tissue lesions in these cases.

Conclusions

Some horses suffering from parasagittal proximal phalanx fractures have concurrent tearing of the joint capsule and/or dorsal plica, which may have relevance in the acute course of events resulting in the development of fractures. Fracture displacement and incongruency at the articular surface cannot confidently be excluded pre‐operatively by radiographs alone.
Stratum corneum lipidomics analysis reveals altered ceramide profile in atopic dermatitis patients across body sites with correlated changes in skin microbiome
Authors: Emmert Hila , Baurecht Hansjörg , Thielking Frederieke , Stölzl Dora , Rodriguez Elke , Harder Inken , Proksch Ehrhardt , Weidinger Stephan
Published: September 2020

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is driven by the interplay between a dysfunctional epidermal barrier and a skewed cutaneous immune dysregulation. As part of the complex skin barrier dysfunction, abnormalities in lipid organization and microbiome composition have been described. We set out to systematically investigate the composition of the stratum corneum lipidome, skin microbiome and skin physiology parameters at three different body sites in patients with AD and healthy volunteers.

Methods

We analysed tape strips from different body areas obtained from 10 adults with AD and 10 healthy volunteers matched for FLG mutation status for 361 skin lipid species using the Metabolon mass spectrometry platform. 16S rRNA data were available from all probands.

Results

Our study showed that the lipid composition differs significantly between body sites and between AD patients and healthy individuals. Ceramide species NS was significantly higher in AD patients compared to healthy volunteers and was also higher in AD patients with a FLG mutation compared to AD patients without a FLG mutation. The correlation analysis of skin lipid alterations with the microbiome showed that Staphylococcus colonization in AD is positively correlated with ceramide subspecies AS, ADS, NS and NDS.

Conclusion

This is the first study to reveal site‐specific lipid alterations and correlations with the skin microbiome in AD.
Reunification in Custodial Grandfamilies: An Examination of Resilient Family Processes
Authors: Dolbin‐MacNab Megan L. , Smith Gregory C. , Hayslip Bert
Published: September 2020

Objective

This study examined how custodial grandmothers navigated the process of their grandchildren being reunified with a biological parent.

Background

Prior research has focused on factors associated with unsuccessful reunification instead of resilient family processes that may support successful reunification. How custodial grandfamilies navigate reunification has not been examined, despite their unique relational configuration and grandparents' frequent involvement in raising their grandchildren.

Method

Guided by Walsh's model of family resilience, semistructured, in‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 17 grandmothers whose custodial grandchildren had been reunified with a biological parent. Data analysis was guided by grounded theory methodology.

Results

Grandmothers believed in parents fulfilling their obligations, prioritizing grandchildren's needs, and coping via their faith. Grandmothers supported reunified parents and children by providing emotional support and instrumental assistance, while maintaining clear role boundaries. Accessing resources and engaging in open family communication were helpful to the reunification, although there were still challenges in navigating family relationships.

Conclusion

Within custodial grandfamilies, not all reunifications were a positive outcome for the grandchildren. Grandmothers remained heavily involved in supporting and monitoring the reunifications, with the quality of the grandmother–parent relationship being paramount.

Implications

Practitioners should address family dynamics when working with custodial grandfamilies before, during, and after a reunification.
Serum response factor‐cofactor interactions and their implications in disease
Authors: Onuh John Oloche , Qiu Hongyu
Published: September 2020

Serum response factor (SRF), a member of the Mcm1, Agamous, Deficiens, and SRF (MADS) box transcription factor, is widely expressed in all cell types and plays a crucial role in the physiological function and development of diseases. SRF regulates its downstream genes by binding to their CArG DNA box by interacting with various cofactors. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, therefore attracting increasing research attention due to the importance of this topic. This review's objective is to discuss the new progress in the studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of SRF and its impacts in physiological and pathological conditions. Notably, we summarized the recent studies on the interaction of SRF with its two main types of cofactors belonging to the myocardin families of transcription factors and the members of the ternary complex factors. The knowledge of these mechanisms will create new opportunities for understanding the dynamics of many traits and disease pathogenesis especially, cardiovascular diseases and cancer that could serve as targets for pharmacological control and treatment of these diseases.