bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of the route of administration on the efficacy and safety of the drug therapy for patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Luo Hanwen , He Jianghua , Xu Xiaoming , Chen Hongju , Shi Jing
Published: January 2024

Background

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore the potential impact of the route of administration on the efficacy of therapies and occurrence of adverse events when administering medications to premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Method

The protocol for this review has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD 42022324598). We searched relevant studies in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and the Web of Science databases from March 26, 1996, to January 31, 2022.

Results

A total of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and five observational studies were included for analysis, involving 630 premature neonates in total. Among these infants, 480 were in the ibuprofen group (oral vs. intravenous routes), 78 in the paracetamol group (oral vs. intravenous routes), and 72 in the ibuprofen group (rectal vs. oral routes). Our meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in the rate of PDA closure between the the initial course of oral ibuprofen and intravenous ibuprofen groups (relative risk (RR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.13–1.44]; P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%). In contrast, the meta-analysis of paracetamol administration via oral versus intravenous routes showed no significant difference in PDA closure rates (RR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.38–1.91]; P = 0.71, I2 = 76%). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of adverse events or the need for surgical intervention among various drug administration methods after the complete course of drug therapy.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis evaluated the safety and effectiveness of different medication routes for treating PDA in premature infants. Our analysis results revealed that compared with intravenous administration, oral ibuprofen may offer certain advantages in closing PDA without increasing the risk of adverse events. Conversely, the use of paracetamol demonstrated no significant difference in PDA closure and the risk of adverse events between oral and intravenous administration.
Phylogenetic analysis of Microdochium spp. associated with turfgrass and their pathogenicity in cereals
Authors: Ünal Filiz
Published: January 2024

Turfgrass is frequently used today in the arrangement and aesthetic beautification of grounds in parks, gardens, median strips, recreation and sports areas. In this study, surveys were conduct in turfgrass areas in the three provinces of Türkiye. As a result of isolations from the collected samples, 44 Microdochium isolates obtained belonging to five different species including M. bolleyi, M. majus, M. nivale, M. paspali and M. sorghi which have different virulences. Identification of the isolates were performed by rDNA-ITS sequence analyzes. According to the pathogenicity tests results, the most virulent species was M. nivale M62 with a disease severity value of 91.93%. This was followed by M. bolleyi M1584 and M. majus M63, with disease severity values of 91.12% and 91.08%, respectively. The virulence of M. bolleyi isolates varied among the species. Only 13 of the 31 M. bolleyi species were found to be virulent in turfgrass, M. paspali was less virulent than the others in Poa pratensis. The most virulent isolate of each Microdochium species was tested on four different cereal varieties. M. sorghi and M. paspali had low virulence values in barley and oat than the other Microdochium species, while the other three species showed high virulence in turfgrass, wheat and barley, other than oat. In the phylogenetic neighboor-joining tree belonging to 44 Microdochium isolates clearly demonstrated that the isolates were grouped into five distinct clusters. M. nivale and M. majus were considered genetically close isolates.
De Estación Pirque a Parque Bustamante: tres estrategias de Restitución del Patrimonio Ausente
Authors:   , Zangheri Poblete Fernanda
Published: January 2024

La siguiente tesis presenta cómo en el caso de estudio, el Parque Bustamante, se descubre la ausencia patrimonial de la Estación Pirque; a través de la comprensión y análisis de los distintos momentos históricos que incidieron en la consolidación de su entorno urbano. No sólo se interpreta el rol de aquella construcción, sino que también se pone en valor la incidencia de su autor, Emilio Jéquier, en la arquitectura de nuestra capital, importando a nuestro país las modernas corrientes de la construcción europea.Ante tal ausencia se corporiza la restitución como una estrategia de restauración, aplicada a través de tres proyectos arquitectónicos que se basan en la reconstrucción, la reinterpretación de los espacios y la reintegración simbólica de la edificación en cuestión. Se detallan cada una de estas propuestas, sus ventajas y desventajas, y se comprenden estas operaciones con referentes internacionales.La restitución es un acto de retomar estética y simbólicamente la historia que por herencia nos pertenece, ese patrimonio que corre por nuestras venas y llena así el olvido de una ausencia.
La agencia conceptual del diagrama arquitectónico: propuesta interpretativa semiótico pragmática del proceso de diseño del caso TGB/OMA
Authors:   , Rois Juan Manuel
Published: January 2024

Esta tesis investiga la agencia conceptual del diagrama arquitectónico en el acto creativo del proceso de diseño y lo hace mediante una propuesta interpretativa semiótico pragmática del caso Très Grande Bibliothèque, proyecto realizado en 1989 por el estudio de arquitectura OMA (Office for Metropolitan Architecture). Esta tesis se nutre de los resultados de una reciente aproximación de los estudios del diseño que, adoptando la metodología de la teoría del actor-red (ANT) de los estudios de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad (STS), ha producido descripciones que ofrecen ejemplos de instancias concretas de las dinámicas colectivas del proceso de diseño arquitectónico (Schön 1983, Latour 1999, Yaneva 2012, Farías y Wilkie 2016).
Identidades andinas en disputa: la danza de caporales en el espacio transnacional andino
Authors:   , Benavente Leiva Javiera Paz
Published: January 2024

Esta investigación aborda la práctica de la danza folklórica boliviana del caporal en un contexto transnacional y transfronterizo. Como una danza en la que se encuentran discursos asociados al nacionalismo boliviano, a la reivindicación aymara en Chile y al panandinismo, analizamos distintos contextos en los que tiene lugar y que dan forma a construcciones identitarias diversas. Estas identidades “andinas” se muestran contradictorias y complejas, y las leemos desde una perspectiva ch’ixi, en la que la tensión y la disputa se vuelven espacios de elaboración de sentido.
Fundamentos de los deberes de información en la comercialización de productos farmacéuticos
Authors:   , Urzúa Morales Nicole
Published: January 2024

La investigación tiene como fundamento los deberes de información en los productos farmacéuticos los cuales radican en la necesidad de resguardar la integridad del usuario, en relación al deber de no dañar. Para ello, se realizó un examen de la noción de producto farmacéutico, lo que permite delimitar el régimen jurídico aplicable. Así las cosas, se explican los fundamentos del establecimiento de los deberes de información en el ámbito en estudio, los cuales se expresan en los Principios generales del Derecho, tales como la buena fe, pro persona, deber de no dañar, resguardo de la integridad y además, en otros propios del Derecho de Consumo, como el principio pro consumidor, los derechos básicos. Todo lo anterior, se expresa en consecuencias concretas como son la determinación de la diligencia esperable del sujeto pasivo del deber de informar, la utilización del destinatario final del producto farmacéutico como estándar de licitud, y la calificación de deberes de seguridad autónomos, de los deberes de información que han sido objeto de la investigación. Por ello, el carácter de principal de dichos preceptos, en atención al interés jurídico protegido, que en este caso resulta ser la vida y salud de los consumidores, bienes jurídicos no disponibles en la relación de consumo como se ha expresado, siempre se debe pensar y velar por prevenir los riesgos que ellos puedan ocasionar en el marco de las relaciones obligacionales.
Desajuste cambiario y fragilidad financiera
Authors:   , Valdivieso Pinochet Raimundo Tomás
Published: January 2024

Este artículo analiza las implicancias del tipo de cambio en la probabilidad de quiebra y corridas bancarias en un contexto de crisis financieras. La constante globalización de los mercados bancarios ha ampliado las posibilidades de inversión en distintas monedas, aumentando la importancia del tipo de cambio en el corto y largo plazo impacta en la estabilidad financiera. Considerando una extensión del modelo de Rochet y Vives. (2004), exploraremos cómo la fluctuación del tipo de cambio impacta en los equilibrios a corto y largo plazo. Destacamos la relevancia de abordar los descalces cambiarios y su conexión con riesgos sistémicos con el fin de proporcionar lecciones para mejorar la regulación bancaria y promover la estabilidad financiera y económica.
Liderazgo de la educadora de párvulos : promoviendo la colaboración con el equipo técnico de aula para favorecer los aprendizajes en educación inicial
Authors:   , Vargas Valdés Carla Estefanía
Published: January 2024

Liderazgos que potencien la colaboración en educación parvularia son fundamentales para fortalecer las prácticas educativas de los equipos de aula. Así, el presente estudio de caso múltiple tiene como propósito caracterizar las prácticas de liderazgo de educadoras de párvulos, que promueven el trabajo colaborativo con las técnicos en párvulos, centrado en el aprendizaje de los infantes. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, registros de observación, revisión de documentos y análisis temático para abordar el fenómeno. Los resultados indican que las prácticas de liderazgo que promueven la colaboración pedagógica del equipo técnico se vinculan a la conducción y organización del trabajo del equipo, capacitaciones permanentes, un clima laboral positivo, una visión compartida, más el reconocimiento y validación del equipo en entornos de confianza, comunicación, compañerismo, empatía y participación. Se concluye que estas prácticas permiten visibilizar el potencial pedagógico de las técnicos y no solo su contribución desde un rol asistencial.
Gestionar la identidad católica de un colegio en contexto de secularización : experiencia de un proyecto de intervención que genere condiciones para la gestión de la identidad de un colegio confesional católico de la comuna de La Florida
Authors:   , Benítez Yávar Diego Ignacio
Published: January 2024

El presente informe tiene por objetivo dar cuenta del proceso y los resultados de un proyecto de intervención realizado con el Equipo Directivo de un colegio particular subvencionado reconocido como colegio católico. La intervención tuvo como objetivo generar un proceso de reflexión que generara condiciones para lograr una visión compartida acerca de la identidad católica de dicho establecimiento en el contexto de acelerada secularización de la sociedad chilena. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron la importancia para los directivos de reflexionar en torno a la identidad católica del establecimiento y transitar de las visiones particulares a una visión compartida que incluya en particular al sostenedor y que se visibilice en el proyecto educativo institucional.
Implementación de un sistema de dosimetría alanina/resonancia paramagnética electrónica para aplicaciones en radioterapia
Authors:   , Rodríguez Valencia Hernán Manuel
Published: January 2024

La dosimetría por Espectrometría Paramagnética Electrónica (EPR) se basa en la cuantificación de radicales formados en una muestra de alanina tras exposición a radiaciones ionizantes. Este trabajo pretende la caracterización e implementación de un protocolo de alanina/EPR aplicable en radioterapia (RT) con haces de fotones (dosis de 5 a 20 Gy) para aseguramiento de la calidad (QA) de la entrega de dosis en tratamientos clínicos y con posibles aplicaciones en auditorías dosimétricas postales.El trabajo se enfoca en optimizar los parámetros operacionales del espectrómetro EPR, crear una curva de calibración de dosímetros irradiados en una unidad de Co-60 en un rango de dosis absorbida en agua de 5 Gy a 20 Gy, validar esta curva en un haz de fotones de 6 MV y evaluar la respuesta energética en rangos de MV y kV. La estimación de incertidumbre del sistema de dosimetría alanina/EPR en RT también es un componente importante de este trabajo.Uno de los resultados principales, fue la validación del sistema de medición alanina/EPR en RT, mediante comparación con las dosis medidas con cámara de ionización o valores reportados del planificador, determinando una máxima incertidumbre de 2.4% (k=1) para dosis de 5 Gy y una incertidumbre mínima de 1.10% (k=1) para dosis de 15 Gy. Esta incertidumbre, menor al 3%, permitiría su uso en QA de tratamientos de RT, así como en programas de auditoría postal.
On D5-brane description of 1:4-BPS latitude Wilson loops in the AdS/CFT correspondence
Authors:   , Moreno Vilches Cristobal
Published: January 2024

Motivated by the AdS/CFT correspondence, the gravitational description of the 1/4-BPS latitude Wilson loop in the totally anti-symmetric representation of the gauge group is presented, under the dictionary this correspond to a D5-brane whose dynamics is governed by the DBI action and Weiss-Zumino. The approach we used was to work with the BPS equations coming from demanding the κ-symmetric projection condition on the target space killing spinor. Such equations are of first order in derivatives so in practice easily to solve instead of solving the Euler-lagrange equations coming from varying the action of the brane. In order to preserve all the symmetries that the Wilson loop has, the anzats used produces 16 BPS equations. Such equations were solved and we present the solution and study its properties.
Predicción de glucosa basada en aprendizaje profundo para sujetos sanos y con diabetes mellitus tipo I
Authors:   , Vega Pérez Diego Nicolás Raúl de la
Published: January 2024

La Diabetes Mellitus es una enfermedad crónica que se caracteriza por una incorrecta regulación de la glucosa en sangre e impacta en la esperanza de vida de las personas. Por esta razón, varios estudios en la literatura tienen como objetivo predecir la glucemia. Sin embargo, existen varios desafíos asociados con un correcto modelado de la dinámica de la glucosa en sangre, y los avances en este campo ayudarían a mantener niveles glicémicos precisos y prevenir eventos de hipo e hiperglucemia. Para esta investigación, se utilizaron métodos de Deep Learning para predecir la glucosa en sangre con un horizonte de predicción de 30 minutos. En particular, se utilizó la arquitectura Codificador-Decodificador junto al método de Transfer Learning, utilizando datos de 15 personas, diez sujetos sanos y cinco con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo I (DM1). Se consideraron diferentes variables fisiológicas para entrenar el modelo como el nivel de glucosa intersticial, la insulina suministrada para pacientes DM1, frecuencia cardíaca y el número de pasos (para evaluar la relevancia de incorporar el ejercicio físico y el ciclo sueño-actividad en la precisión de la predicción). Se utilizaron tres tipos de modelos: poblacional, personalizado y personalizado usando Transfer Learning. El modelo que logró el mejor rendimiento, en voluntarios sanos y con DM1, basó sus predicciones en glucosa, insulina y la estimación de la tasa de absorción de glucosa duodenal. Sin embargo, también se obtuvo una precisión razonable sin contar con datos de un Monitoreo Continuo de Glucosa (MCG). Además, en sujetos sanos, los modelos personalizados entregaron mejores resultados que los modelos poblacionales, no así en sujetos con DM1. Por otro lado, modelos personalizados con Transfer Learning mostraron la mejor precisión tanto en sujetos sanos como sujetos diabéticos, lo que permitió el uso de un modelo poblacional ajustado utilizando solo un pequeño conjunto de datos de cada paciente. Los resultados muestran que las predicciones obtenidas no generan desviaciones significativas que supongan un peligro para la salud del paciente y revelan que sería posible no depender de la medición de glucosa en el futuro.
Calidad de alimentación en la población adulta chilena y su relación con el estado nutricional y síndrome metabólico en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
Authors:   , Saavedra Davids Isidora
Published: January 2024

Introducción: En 2015, se creó un índice de dieta saludable (IDS-2015) que asoció la calidad dietética con prevalencia de SM en Chile en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2019. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la alimentación en población chilena estudiada en ENS 2016-2017, utilizando el IDS-2015 y su versión modificada en 2021 (IDS2021). Planteamos que una dieta más saludable evaluada por el IDS-2015 e IDS2021 se asocia a un mejor EN, menor prevalencia de SM y se relaciona positivamente con el interés por la lectura del etiquetado nutricional de los participantes. Métodos: Se analizaron 3.425 adultos, mayores de 18 años de edad, evaluados en la ENS 2016-2017 con información para diagnosticar SM según criterios ATPIIINCEP. Se utilizó el IDS-2015 y el IDS-2021, incluyendo tres nuevos alimentos, para analizar la calidad de la dieta y se asoció con la prevalencia de SM. Resultados: En ENS 2016-2017, el IDS-2015 arrojó un puntaje promedio de 1,35 puntos en la muestra actual (vs 1,29 puntos en ENS 2009-2010 (p<0,001)), demostrando nuevamente que el consumo de alimentos tiene mejor calidad en mujeres, a mayor edad y mayor nivel educacional. Una mejor calidad de la dieta, evaluada según el IDS-2015 y 2021, se relacionó significativamente con el interés por la lectura de la mayor parte del etiquetado nutricional, pero solo el IDS-2021 logro asociarse en forma significativa con el EN (b=-0,483, p=0,049). No se encontró relación entre la calidad de la dieta con la prevalencia y chance de SM en ENS 2016-2017 (p=0,851 y0,052, respectivamente). Conclusión: Si bien la calidad de la dieta mostró una mejoría desde 2009-2010 a 2016-2017 y se relacionó inversamente con el estado nutricional en la última ENS, esta sigue siendo deficiente, junto con una mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y SM en población adulta chilena. Por lo tanto, es importante realizar análisis permanentes de la calidad de alimentación e implementar nuevas iniciativas de cambios dietarios en Chile.
Entre brasilidades y chilenidades : la (re)producción de identidades narrativas en la experiencia migratoria transnacional de brasileños/as en Santiago de Chile
Authors:   , Villar Ariany da Silva
Published: January 2024

La presente tesis doctoral tuvo como objetivo analizar los procesos identitarios subjetivos relacionados a la experiencia transnacional de migrantes brasileños(as) residentes en Santiago de Chile. Asimismo, buscó explorar cómo diferentes categorías sociales inciden en dichos procesos identitarios. Se utilizó de un diseño cualitativo de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, con enfoque fenomenológico-hermenéutico. La producción de datos articuló relatos de vida, entrevistas en profundidad y fotohistorias, analizados a través de análisis biográfico e interseccional del discurso y de análisis cualitativo de contenido. Los resultados indican que la valoración positiva de “la cultura brasileña” (brasilidades) en Santiago les confiere a los/as brasileños/as una condición de ventaja cuando comparados/as a otros/as migrantes latinoamericanos. Además, los/as participantes relatan una percepción de sí mismos/as como sujetos expandidos con la migración y expresan identidades narrativas personales culturalmente híbridas (identidades intersticiales). El género, la “raza” y la nacionalidad aparecen como categorías interseccionalmente relevantes en sus procesos identitarios personales. Dichos resultados son comparados con los estudios internacionales sobre la migración brasileña, en los cuales esa nacionalidad conlleva significados negativos. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre el uso de la noción de identidades intersticiales como herramienta teórica sensible a la heterogeneidad y dinamicidad de los procesos identitarios subjetivos en las migraciones transnacionales.
Experiencias y significados asociados a las transiciones y las relaciones familiares en el período postdevelación del abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar, desde las narrativas de figuras parentales y hermanos no ofensores
Authors:   , Latorre Latorre María Soledad
Published: January 2024

La presente investigación aborda el fenómeno del abuso sexual infantil, el cual es una problemática social y de salud pública (Collin-Vézina et al., 2013; Mathews & Collin-Vézina, 2019; OMS, 2020), que significa una violación de los derechos humanos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes víctimas (INDH, 2018). Su alcance trasciende a las víctimas directas e impacta a sus familiares y figuras significativas de sus entornos.
THE THEORETICAL CONCEPT OF INFORMATION WARFARE: A GENERAL OUTLINE
Authors: BIAŁOSKÓRSKI Robert
Published: January 2024

This article presents the results of research on the theoretical paradigm of information warfare. The research methodology is based on political realism in international relations and observations of the war in Ukraine since 2014. It assumes that the main feature of the international system is the distribution of power and intersections between rival power centers. The principal roles are now played by states and groups of states as basic political units. From a broader perspective, in the future, the importance of non-state actors will also increase. The research produces a general outline of the theoretical concept of information warfare. According to the accepted terminology, information warfare is a process of achieving the strategic goals (interests) of any organization by offensive and defensive activities in the information space (infosphere), inspired and carried out against other organizations for self-protection and self-defense. The research indicates three key interconnected structures (components) of the concept of information warfare: participants (actors), tools (operators), and the information domination subprocess.
LONG-TERM POST-COVID-19-PANDEMIC EFFECTS FACED BY LIFE INSURERS IN POLAND IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN TRENDS
Authors: BORDA Marta
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has initiated or accelerated significant changes in the insurance sector, including remote customer service, along with changes to risk management processes and the insurance offer. In the post-pandemic environment, these may increase development opportunities and improve the market competitiveness of insurers. The aim of this paper is to identify and discuss the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for life insurers operating in Poland. To examine the direct responses of life insurance markets to the COVID-19 pandemic, an analysis is conducted of the life insurance sector in Poland and the whole of Europe, based on the most up-to-date data available. Next, the implications of the pandemic for life insurers’ technical operations and financial sustainability are examined. The article also discusses the main challenges to the further development of life insurance businesses in the context of long-term post-pandemic effects.
FOREIGNERS' EMPLOYMENT IN THE PODLASKIE LABOR MARKET: SELECTED ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Authors: GOŁASZEWSKA-KACZAN Urszula , AUGUSTYŃCZYK Julita
Published: January 2024

The Podlaskie voivodeship is popular among foreigners, especially citizens of Belarus, as a place to live and work. Thus, it has become essential to recognize the effects of this process on the local labor market. This study’s main objective was to present selected economic aspects of employing foreigners in the Podlaskie voivodeship; it accomplishes this by analyzing available publications and statistical data. The article commences by indicating selected economic consequences of foreigners taking up employment in a host country’s labor market. It shows the scale of foreigners’ employment and distinguishes the numerous national groups taking up employment in the Podlaskie voivodeship, including their employment structure. The study also indicates the employment of foreigners in the deficit professions of the Podlaskie labor market. It concludes by indicating selected economic reasons and benefits of employing foreigners in this market.
ALONG THE ROAD TO STALINISM: SOCIAL POLICY IN POLAND BETWEEN 1944 AND 1950
Authors: GRATA Paweł
Published: January 2024

This article presents the transformations that occurred in Polish social policy between 1944 and 1950. The aim is to show the evolution of a fundamental reorientation of the ideas, objectives, and activities of Polish social policy, or even the actual dismantling of its many traditional elements, brought about by an ideological rationale. Through this process, the activities of the state authorities, instead of being aimed at solving social issues, became an instrument for supporting the processes of Socialist industrialization. This was yet another element of the socioeconomic transformations that took place in Poland, with the aim of adapting the system to the Soviet model. Towards the end of the period in question, Polish social policy became a part of the Stalinist system. The result was not only the redefinition of its objectives, but also fundamental changes to the way the social activities of the state were undertaken. This led to the use of fewer instruments, and a noticeable limitation to activities aimed at minimizing the numerous postwar social problems.
SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYEES' STRESS MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES AS A CHALLENGE TO EMPLOYERS
Authors: MŁOKOSIEWICZ Marta
Published: January 2024

Due to the unstable, turbulent socioeconomic and political environment in which organizations now operate, stress has become an inseparable companion of human beings in the work process. Psychosocial risks are among the most important challenges currently facing employers regarding human resources management and maintaining satisfactory organizational performance. In this context, this study aims to identify contemporarily relevant employee stress management competencies and the actions employers should take to support their development. To do so, it employs desk research and descriptive analysis, undertaking an analysis of the literature on the subject and available secondary data. It identifies three fundamental stress management challenges facing managers and employee teams. For each of these challenges, the article identifies employees’ competencies that need to be improved and highlights related possible actions by employers.
TAX MORALITY AND THE INTENTIONS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND BUSINESS ENTITIES TO PARTICIPATE IN THE SHADOW ECONOMY
Authors: PASTERNAK-MALICKA Monika
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the tax morality of households and business entities in the context of the shadow economy. Methodology: The implementation of the objective requires the use of the direct-questionnaire method. The article presents the results of empirical research for 2009–2023, carried out in the Podkarpackie Province. Results: The publication describes tax morality. It also presents parts of the author’s own survey research on the issue for 2009–2023. This research, and data taken from the reports of other research centers, seem to indicate considerable social acceptance of tax fraud. At the same time, low tax morality significantly affects the scale of the shadow economy. This also seems to be confirmed by the participants in the study, who believe that tax morality has a large or small impact on the shadow economy activity of households and business entities.
CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF INCOME OF POLISH MUNICIPALITIES, 2019–2021
Authors: STUPAŁKOWSKA Urszula
Published: January 2024

This article is devoted to studying the detailed income structure of Polish municipalities in the years 2019–2021. The general structure of municipalities’ income is examined in a broader time horizon (2004–2021). The theoretical section focuses on the characteristics of municipalities’ income, with particular emphasis on tax income, the level of which depends to a large extent on the financial situation of enterprises. The research section is based on data from the Central Statistical Office. The article concludes that in the years 2019–2021, the income situation of municipalities did not deteriorate as much as was predicted. However, it is noted that the income structure of municipalities is changing, and the share of their own income is decreasing; this may lead to a significant reduction in their financial independence.
THREATS FROM THE WEB AND CYBERSECURITY ISSUES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS PROFESSIONALS
Authors: TWORZYDŁO Dariusz , ŻYCZYŃSKI Norbert , OLEXOVÁ Cecília , SZUBA Przemysław
Published: January 2024

This article aims to evaluate the approach of the public relations (PR) industry to cybersecurity-related topics. The article is based on research results conducted by a team under the authors’ supervision. In 2022, we conducted quantitative research using the Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing technique (CAWI), and its purpose was to acquire knowledge in the field of perception and understanding of the cybersecurity topic by specialists in the public relations industry in Poland. The research results revealed several previously unexplored areas, highlighting gaps in current understanding. This research contributes new insights into the cybersecurity perceptions of PR professionals, enriching the existing body of scientific knowledge.
Emerging Threats in Cyberspace: Implications for National Security Policy and Healthcare Sector
Authors: Ness Stephanie , Khinvasara Tushar
Published: January 2024

Currently, the majority of economic, commercial, cultural, social, and governmental activity and contacts between countries, encompassing individuals, non-governmental organizations, and government institutions, occur in the virtual realm known as cyberspace. In recent times, numerous private enterprises and governmental institutions worldwide have encountered the issue of cyber- attacks and the peril associated with wireless communication technology. The modern society heavily relies on electronic technology, and safeguarding this data from cyber-attacks poses a formidable challenge. Cyber-attacks are intended to inflict financial harm onto companies. Cyber- attacks may serve military or political objectives in certain instances. Some examples of these damages include PC infections, knowledge breaches, data distribution service (DDS), and other attack routes. For this purpose, different companies employ diverse strategies to mitigate the harm caused by cyber-attacks. Cybersecurity monitors up-to-date information on the most recent IT data. Researchers worldwide have proposed several techniques to prevent cyber-attacks or mitigate their impact. Several approaches are currently in the operational phase, while others are still in the study phase. The objective of this study is to conduct a thorough examination and evaluation of the latest advancements in the field of cyber security, with the purpose of identifying and analyzing the problems, vulnerabilities, and strengths of the proposed methodologies. A comprehensive analysis is conducted on several forms of novel descendant attacks. The discussion revolves around conventional security frameworks, encompassing their historical context and early-generation approaches to cyber-security. Furthermore, this report presents the latest advancements and developing patterns in the field of cyber security, as well as the current problems and risks to security. The comprehensive review study offered for IT and cyber security researchers is anticipated to be beneficial.
Design of Flood Barrier with Developed IoT-Based Flood Detection and Monitoring Systems
Authors: Ardani Farell , Caesaron Dino , Kusnayat Agus
Published: January 2024

Due to Indonesia's tropical climate, it experiences frequent heavy rainfall, which is the primary cause of flooding. Despite various solutions implemented, the issue of flooding persists. Consumers demand an effective emergency flood protection solution to prevent water from entering homes at any time. This product is a flood barrier specifically designed for installation at the front door of houses. The development of this flood barrier product aims to address user needs and ensure flood resistance. To achieve this, the Kano Method and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) are utilized in the product design process, aligning it with customer desires. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed in testing to assess the flood barrier's ability to contain water effectively. Moreover, the data representing the user requirements is collected from residents in the Baleendah area. Those residents houses have been affected by flooding. This area faces significant economic losses due to flooding, estimated at IDR 5,490,292,000,000. Bandung Regency is projected to have the highest frequency of flooding incidents in West Java in 2022, contributing to the broader issue of flooding in the province and country. The developed flood barrier product has successfully met most customer needs, leading to customer satisfaction. The product offers a reasonable price, customer customization options, and user-friendly features. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities has been well received by users. The flood barrier product also demonstrates its efficacy in retaining floodwater through its low equivalent elastic strain, equivalent stress, and deformation values against hydrostatic pressure. These attributes enable the product to withstand floodwaters and prevent their entry into households.
Feasibility Study of Charging Infrastructure to Increase Vehicle Electrification in Indonesia
Authors: Hanun Ilza Athiyatamimy , Sutopo Wahyudi , Rochani Renny
Published: January 2024

Progress in developing electric vehicles (EVs) has resulted in substantial advancements in recent years. EVs can effectively reduce carbon emissions while allowing vehicle manufacturers to build a strong presence in emerging markets. Nevertheless, the rapid growth of EVs in Indonesia requires more significant expansion. The lack of sufficient facilities to cope with the demand for EVs has led to customer reluctance to adopt this mode of transportation. Also, there is a notable hesitancy among manufacturers and business professionals to engage in the production of EVs and the establishment of charging infrastructure. This hesitation arises primarily from the lack of apparent market demand, which may be attributed to the significant investment costs associated with these ventures. This study, therefore, aims to develop an Annual Cost of the System (ACS) cost model to assess and select potential economically feasible and operationally feasible investments for the provision of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (SPKLU) and Public Electric Vehicle Battery Exchange Stations (SPBKLU) services in Indonesia. When creating investment decisions, it is necessary to take into consideration a range of feasibility analysis variables, including but not limited to Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PBP). Moreover, this study additionally performed a sensitivity analysis to determine actionable recommendations for individuals within the business community.
Thin film solvent‐free photopolymerization of n‐butyl acrylate. I. Static film studies
Authors: Boodhoo K. V. K. , Dunk W. A. E. , Jassim M. S. , Jachuck R. J.
Published: December 2003

The results are presented for a detailed investigation involving the free‐radical photopolymerization of n‐butyl acrylate in the form of thin static films. The aim of this work is to benchmark the performance of a novel thin film spinning disk reactor that may be used for the continuous production of linear polymers using photoinitiation. Industrially relevant film thicknesses (200 μm to 1 mm) are studied as opposed to earlier work that looked into extremely thin films (5–25 μm). Such extreme film thicknesses will be difficult to sustain in a thin film reactor without adversely affecting the wettability of the reaction surface and the uniformity of the film. The effects of four main variables (film thickness, UV intensity, initiator concentration, and exposure time) are studied under static film conditions. A 366‐nm wavelength is utilized for the UV radiation with 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone (Irgacure 651) as the photoinitiator dissolved in n‐butyl acrylate. The molecular weights, polydispersities, and monomer conversions are measured by gel permeation chromatography. In a 400 μm thick film, conversions of >90% can be achieved with an exposure time of 40 s at a radiation intensity of 175 mW/cm2. The results using the same polymerization system in the spinning disk reactor are presented and compared with the static film results in Part II of this series. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2079–2095, 2004
Quantitation of microstructure of novolac resins: Development of improved one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR methodologies
Authors: Roy Debmalya , Basu P. K. , Raghunathan P. , Eswaran S. V.
Published: December 2003

The elucidation of the exact microstructure of polymers is always a challenging task. The range of molecular weights and uncontrolled polymerization leading to branching necessitates the development of better analytical methodologies. An improved methodology is presented for quantitatively estimating the microstructure of novolac resins and the percent incorporation of different monomers therein. An analysis is used that is based on the fully relaxed 1H‐NMR spectrum in combination with the results of two‐dimensional heteronuclear single quantum correlation, double quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy, and total correlation spectroscopy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2096–2102, 2004
Microwave‐assisted rapid polycondensation reaction of 4‐(4′‐acetamidophenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3,5‐dione with diisocyanates
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Rafiee Zahra
Published: December 2003

4‐(4′‐Aminophenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3,5‐dione was reacted with 1 mol of acetyl chloride in dry N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) at −15°C and 4‐(4′‐acetamidophenyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3,5‐dione [4‐(4′‐acetanilido)‐1,2,4‐triazolidine‐3,5‐dione] (APTD) was obtained in high yield. The reaction of the APTD monomer with excess n‐isopropylisocyanate was performed at room temperature in DMAc solution. The resulting bis‐urea derivative was obtained in high yield and was finally used as a model for the polymerization reaction. The step‐growth polymerization reactions of monomer APTD with hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and tolylene‐2,4‐diisocyanate were performed under microwave irradiation and solution polymerization in the presence of pyridine, triethylamine, or dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst. Polycondensation proceeded rapidly, compared with conventional solution polycondensation; it was almost completed within 8 min. The resulting novel polyureas had an inherent viscosity in the range of 0.07–0.17 dL/g in dimethylformamide or sulfuric acid at 25°C. These polyureas were characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The physical properties and structural characterization of these novel polyureas are reported. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2103–2113, 2004
Thermoplastic biopolyester natural fiber composites
Authors: Shanks R. A. , Hodzic A. , Wong S.
Published: December 2003

Natural fiber–biopolymer composites have been prepared using flax and poly(3‐hydroxylbutyrate) bipolyesters (PHB). The biopolyesters consist of the homopolyester PHB and its copolymers with 5 and 12% 3‐hydroxyvalerate (PHV). These biopolymer–natural fiber composites provide structures totally composed of biodegradable and renewable resources. The adhesion between the fibers and the polyesters was better than for analogous polypropylene composites. Wetting of the fibers by the polyesters was observed using scanning electron microscopy. The composites were limited by the properties of the polyesters. PHB is a brittle polymer though flexibility is improved in its copolymers with PHV, but at the expense of crystallization rate. Nucleation was increased by the fibers and silane coupling agent used as adhesion promoter. The melting temperature was influenced by the promoted adhesion and copolymerization. The bending modulus was increased in the composites and dynamic mechanical analysis provided storage modulus of as much as 4 GPa at 25°C with a smaller component as the loss modulus. The maximum in the loss modulus curve was taken as the glass transition temperature, and this increased in the composites. The influence of silane coupling agent was found beneficial for the material properties of the biopolyester–flax composites. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2114–2121, 2004
Three‐level mass‐transfer model for the heterogeneous polymerization of olefins
Authors: Kittilsen Pål , Svendsen Hallvard F.
Published: December 2003

The introduction of a mesoparticle scale can be important in the description of mass‐transfer effects in the heterogeneous polymerization of olefins. Recent studies have shown that a morphological size level on the order of some tenths of the size of the whole particle exists. The use of traditional models that include mass‐transfer effects only at the macro‐ and microscales gives conflicting results when the mass‐transfer resistance at the meso level becomes significant. A new model to account for these effects is shown here. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2158–2167, 2004
Determination of average molecular weight between crosslinks and polymer–solvent interaction parameters of poly(acrylamide‐g‐ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) polyelectrolyte hydrogels
Authors: Çaykara Tuncer , İnam Recai
Published: December 2003

Hydrogels containing tetraprotic acid moieties sensitive to pH changes of the swelling medium were prepared from the ternary systems acrylamide/ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid/water by irradiation with γ‐rays at ambient temperature. Gel compositions of poly(acrylamide‐g‐ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) [P(AAm‐g‐EDTA)] hydrogels were determined by using a differential pulse polarography technique. Equilibrium swelling behavior of these hydrogels was studied using an equation, based on the Flory–Huggins thermodynamic theory, the phantom network theory of James–Guth, and the approaches of Brannon‐Peppas and Peppas, which was modified by the authors for determination of Mc and χ parameters. The equation modified by the authors for the determination of Mc and χ parameters were observed to describe very well the swelling behavior of the charged polymeric network. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2168–2175, 2004
Effect of filament temperature on the chemical vapor deposition of fluorocarbon–organosilicon copolymers
Authors: Murthy Shashi K. , Olsen Bradley D. , Gleason Karen K.
Published: December 2003

The effect of filament temperature on the hot‐filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) of fluorocarbon–organosilicon copolymer thin films from 1,3,5‐trivinyl‐1,3,5‐trimethylcyclotrisiloxane (V3D3) and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (PFOSF) was examined. Significant changes in chemical structure occur as the filament temperature is varied, and these changes give rise to differences in thermal and mechanical properties. When the filament temperature is low, the films consist primarily of carbon‐backbone polymer chains with siloxane ring pendant groups. When higher filament temperatures are used, the film structure consists of siloxane‐backbone chains with some degree of crosslinking. Films produced with low filament temperatures have a greater degree of thermal stability and flexibility than those produced with high filament temperatures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2176–2185, 2004
Synthesis of poly(butylene succinate)/glass fiber composite by irradiation and its biodegradability
Authors: The Doan Thi , Yoshii Fumio , Nagasawa Naotsugu , Kume Tamikazu
Published: December 2003

A composite was synthesized by irradiation of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and glass fiber (GF) in the presence of a polyfunctional monomer, trimethallyl isocyanurate (TMAIC), which accelerates gel formation of the matrix (PBS) in the composite. The highest gel fraction was achieved at 1% concentration of TMAIC at the dose level of 200 kGy compared to other concentrations. Mechanical properties of the composites were highly dependent on the gel fraction of the polymer and volume fraction of glass fiber reinforcement in the composite. Optimal conditions to synthesize a PBS/GF composite reaching maximum value of bending strength were 1% TMAIC, 67% fiber volume fraction, and irradiation dose of 200 kGy. These synthesized PBS/GF composites can be degraded by enzymes produced from the microorganism population in soil. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2122–2127, 2004
Characterization of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone‐co‐isobutylstyryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) nanocomposites
Authors: Xu Hongyao , Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Huang Chih‐Feng , Chang Feng‐Chih
Published: December 2003

Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone‐co‐isobutyl styryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane)s (PVP–POSS) were synthesized by one‐step polymerization and characterized using FTIR, high‐resolution 1H‐NMR, solid‐state 13C‐NMR, 29Si‐NMR, GPC, and DSC. The POSS content can be controlled by varying the POSS feed ratio. The Tg of the PVP–POSS hybrid is influenced by three main factors: (1) a diluent role of the POSS in reducing the self‐association of the PVP; (2) a strong interaction between the POSS siloxane and the PVP carbonyl, and (3) physical aggregation of nanosized POSS. At a relatively low POSS content, the role as diluent dominates, resulting in a decrease in Tg. At a relatively high POSS content, the last two factors dominate and result in Tg increase of the PVP–POSS hybrid. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2208–2215, 2004
Blends of ethylene–methyl acrylate–acrylic acid terpolymers with ethylene–acrylic acid copolymers: Mechanical and thermomechanical properties
Authors: Pongrakananon Nutthakan , Somrang Nathaporn , Visitsart Worakanya , Supaphol Pitt , Nithitanakul Manit , Grady Brian P.
Published: December 2003

The effect of methyl acrylate content in ethylene–methyl acrylate–acrylic acid (E–MA–AA) terpolymers and acrylic acid content in ethylene–acrylic acid (E–AA) copolymers was investigated in blends of these two materials. The E–MA–AA terpolymer with 8 mol % methyl acrylate was not miscible with any E–AA material no matter what the AA content, whereas the terpolymer with only about 2 mol % methyl acrylate was miscible, at least to some extent, with the E–AA copolymer at high acrylic acid contents. Evidence supporting this conclusion derived from gloss, differential scanning calorimetry testing, and dynamic mechanical measurements. For the E–AA polymer material with the highest acid content, there was a synergistic effect for some properties at low added amounts of E–MA–AA copolymer; the tensile strength and hardness were 10% higher than values for the E–AA copolymer, even though the E–AA copolymer was much stiffer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2216–2222, 2004
Phase‐separation phenomena in the polymerization of styrene in the presence of polyethylene wax
Authors: Liskova A. , Berghmans H.
Published: December 2003

The demixing processes that occur during the polymerization of styrene in the presence of a low molar mass polyethylene wax were investigated. Quantitative information on the phase behavior of such a three‐component system was obtained through the investigation of the temperature‐induced phase separation and the observation of the phase separation during polymerization. Both techniques allow the construction of the same ternary phase diagram. Such phase behavior can be understood through the discussion of the interference of a liquid–liquid phase‐separation process and crystallization. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2234–2243, 2004