bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of multiple different high-fat diets on metabolism, inflammatory markers, dysbiosis, and liver histology: study on NASH rat model induced diet
Authors: Mustika Syifa , Santosaningsih Dewi , Handayani Dian , Rudijanto Achmad
Published: December 2023

Background The spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can lead to advanced liver disease. It is known that a variety of diets play a significant role in the development of NAFLD/NASH. The goal of this study was to determine the most appropriate composition of diet to induce NASH in an animal model. Methods This research used Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar (n=27), which were divided into four groups and given each diet for 12 weeks: normal diet (ND, n=7), high-fat diet (HFD, n=6), western diet (WD, n=7), and high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFHFD, n=7). Subjects were monitored for changes in body weight. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hepatic lipase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fecal samples were taken for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis. Liver histology was assessed using NAS (NAFLD activity score). A statistical comparison test was carried out using the one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test. Results The highest average body weight was observed in the WD group (346.14 g). Liver enzymes, LDL, triglyceride, propionic acid, and acetic acid did not show significantly differences among the groups. TNF-α, IL-6, and hepatic lipase were significant (p = 0.000; p = 0.000; p = 0.004) and the highest level recorded in the HFD group. Butyrate acid level also showed significances (p = 0.021) with the lowest concentration seen in the HFHFD group (4.77 mMol/g). Only WD and HFHFD had a NAS ≥ 5 (14% and 14%). The highest percentage of borderline NAS was found in WD (57%). Conclusions WD feeding is the most appropriate diet type to induce NASH in rats as it influences metabolic, inflammatory, dysbiosis, and liver histology of rats.
The factors affecting the survivability of malignant cancer patients with deep vein thrombosis among subjects with gynecologic and non-gynecologic cancer: An ambispective cohort study
Authors: Rachman Andhika , Christine Griskalia , Betsy Rachelle , Juanputra Samuel , Pratiwi Widya
Published: December 2023

Background Gynecologic cancer is a significant public health concern worldwide, with three of the top ten most common cancers affecting women. The increasing incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and the disproportionately poor outcomes in cancer patients necessitates urgent intervention. This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the survivability of cancer patients with DVT, especially among gynecologic and non-gynecologic cancers. Methods An ambispective cohort study was conducted among gynecologic and non-gynecologic cancer patients with DVT, from January 2011 until August 2013. All subjects were observed for three months. The presence of DVT was confirmed using Doppler ultrasound. The analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The statistical significance was determined using the log-rank/Mantel-Cox test. Results Among 223 cancer subjects with DVT, 61.4% of the subjects developed short-term mortality. In the overall group, the survival time was significantly lower in subjects who developed immobilization status (p-value <0.001), advanced cancer stages (p-value <0.045), and infection status (p-value <0.001). In the gynecologic cancer group, the survival time was significantly lower in subjects who developed immobilization (p-value 0.007) and infection status (p-value 0.021). In the non-gynecologic cancer group, the survival time was significantly lower in subjects who developed immobilization (p-value 0.008), infection (p-value 0.002), undergo cancer surgery (p-value 0.024), and received high-risk systemic therapy (p-value 0.048). Additionally, the most common infection was pneumonia (29.6%). Conclusions Both gynecologic and non-gynecologic cancer patients who experienced DVT developed a high short-term mortality. Our finding of immobility, infection, advanced cancer stages, systemic therapy, and cancer surgery as risk factors that affect the survivability highlights the necessity of administering secondary prophylaxis as a standard procedure in clinical practice.
Prevalence of pre-operative anxiety and associated risk factors among patients awaiting elective surgery in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Adhikari Suman Prasad , Pathak Bishnu Deep , Ghimire Bhuwan , Baniya Sunil , Joshi Prabhas , Kafle Pooja , Adhikari Prawesh , Rana Aakanksha , Regmi Laxmi , Dhakal Bishal , Simkhada Nabin , Tandon Om Prakash , Pathak Indra Dev , Rawal Namrata Mahara
Published: December 2023

Background Patients undergoing surgery have a fear of anesthesia and surgical procedures that results in anxiety. The global incidence of pre-operative anxiety is estimated at 60–92%. Age, gender, education, marital status, type of family, type of anesthesia and surgery, and history of surgery are the contributing factors. High levels of anxiety during the pre-operative period has negative impacts on surgical outcomes. The main objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of pre-operative anxiety and associated risk factors in a hospital setting of a developing country. Methods This was a single center, analytical, cross-sectional study conducted among the admitted patients scheduled for elective surgeries in a tertiary care hospital. Non-probability convenience sampling was adopted and a total of 205 cases were included. The researchers themselves collected the data on the day before surgery using questionnaires comprised of two parts: semi-structured questionnaires prepared via literature review and Amsterdam Pre-operative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Data were analyzed in SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed appropriately. Results The prevalence of pre-operative anxiety was 25.85%. The median anaesthesia related, surgery related, and total anxiety scores were 4.00, 5.00 and 9.00 respectively. Likewise, the median score of information desired component scale was 5.00. Different anxiety scores were positively correlated with the information desire component score. The patients living in a nuclear family (adjusted OR, 2.480; 95% CI, 1.272–4.837, p = 0.008) and those without past history of surgery (adjusted OR, 2.451; 95% CI, 1.107–5.424, p = 0.027) had approximately 2.5 times higher risk of having pre-operative anxiety compared to those from a joint family and those having past history of surgery respectively. Those receiving spinal anesthesia had approximately two times lower risk of anxiety (adjusted OR, 0.511; 95% CI, 0.265–0.985, p = 0.045). Conclusions One fourth of the patients had pre-operative anxiety. Type of family, type of anesthesia and past history of surgery were found to be the independent predictors of anxiety.
Stereotactic radiotherapy for ventricular tachycardia: A study protocol
Authors: Kawamura Mariko , Shimojo Masafumi , Inden Yasuya , Kamomae Takeshi , Okudaira Kuniyasu , Komada Tomohiro , Aoki Sumire , Shindo Yurika , Yasui Ryotaro , Yanagi Yusuke , Okumura Masayuki , Yamada Takehiro , Kozai Yuka , Oie Yumi , Kato Yutaka , Ishihara Shunichi , Murohara Toyoaki , Naganawa Shinji
Published: December 2023

Background Currently, the standard curative treatment for ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) is radiofrequency catheter ablation. However, when the VT circuit is deep in the myocardium, the catheter may not be delivered, and a new, minimally invasive treatment using different energies is desired. Methods This is a protocol paper for a feasibility study designed to provide stereotactic radiotherapy for refractory VT not cured by catheter ablation after at least one catheter ablation. The primary end point is to evaluate the short-term safety of this treatment and the secondary endpoint is to evaluate its efficacy as assessed by the reduction in VT episode. Cyberknife M6 radiosurgery system will be used for treatment, and the prescribed dose to the target will be 25Gy in one fraction. The study will be conducted on three patients. Conclusion Since catheter ablation is the only treatment option for VT that is covered by insurance in Japan, there is currently no other treatment for VT/VF that cannot be cured by catheter ablation. We hope that this feasibility study will provide hope for patients who are currently under the stress of ICD activation. Trial registration The study has been registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs042230030).
Case Report: Case report: Administration of anticoagulant therapy after neuro-anesthesia procedure for hemorrhagic stroke patients with COVID-19 complications and its ethical and medicolegal consideration
Authors: Suryadi Taufik , Kulsum Kulsum
Published: December 2023

Background Ethical dilemmas can occur in any situation in clinical medicine. In patients undergoing neuro-anesthesia for surgical procedure evacuation of intracerebral hemorrhage with a history of hemorrhagic stroke, anticoagulants should not be given because they can cause recurrent bleeding. Meanwhile, at the same time, the patient could also be infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), one of treatment is the administration of anticoagulants. Methods A case report. A 46-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital with a loss of consciousness and was diagnosed with intracerebral hemorrhage due to a hemorrhagic stroke and was confirmed positive for COVID-19. Giving anticoagulants to patients is considered counterproductive so, an ethical dilemma arises. For this reason, a joint conference was held to obtain the best ethical and medicolegal solutions for the patient. Results By using several methods of resolving ethical dilemmas such as basic ethical principles, supporting ethical principles, and medicolegal considerations, it was decided that the patient was not to be given anticoagulants. Conclusions Giving anticoagulants to hemorrhagic stroke patients is dangerous even though it is beneficial for COVID-19 patients, so here the principle of risk-benefit balance is applied to patients who prioritize risk prevention rather than providing benefits. This is also supported by the prima facie principle by prioritizing the principle of non-maleficence rather than beneficence, the minus malum principle by seeking the lowest risk, and the double effect principle by making the best decision even in a slightly less favorable way as well as the medicolegal aspect by assessing patient safety and risk management.
Rules of blood sampling for laboratory tests
Authors: Novikova Ol'ga
Published: December 2023

There are rules that are mandatory when taking biological material for laboratory research. For the results of the study, not only the age, gender, race of the patient, factors of biological variation are important, but also the time of blood collection, physical activity, emotional state, the use of certain products, pharmacological preparations and biological additives.

Analysis of a sample taken with a violation may be more dangerous for the patient than the absence of a study. This is fraught with incorrect tactics of the doctor when monitoring the course and pharmacotherapy of an already known disease and diagnostic errors in primary and / or differential diagnosis.
ON THE INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURAL ATTRIBUTES FOR ASSESSING SIMILARITY IN POPULATION-BASED STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING
Authors: DELO GIULIA , SURACE CECILIA , WORDEN KEITH , BRENNAN DANIEL S.
Published: December 2023

The viability of many machine learning methods within Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is often limited by the lack, or the incompleteness, of the data required for implementing these algorithms. Indeed, learning a data-based SHM predictive model usually requires the dynamic response availability for undamaged and damaged states, and the assumption that both training and test data refer to the same domain. In this framework, the population-based approach to Structural Health Monitoring (PBSHM) aims at improving the performance and the robustness of diagnostic inferences, exploiting the transfer of damage-state knowledge across a population of structures. However, sharing these data produces a meaningful inference only if the structures, and their datasets, are sufficiently similar. Therefore, an initial phase of similarity assessment becomes essential before being able to apply transfer learning algorithms. This phase shows which structures are suitable for knowledge sharing, if any, reducing the possibility of negative transfer. Some distance metrics have been proposed, exploiting abstract representations of structures, such as Irreducible Element (IE) models and Attributed Graphs (AGs). Although these metrics can consider the structure attributes, many performed comparisons mainly concern structural topology. This study aims at broadening the application of similarity assessment, focussing on the geometrical and material differences in the distance metrics. Therefore, a heterogeneous population of laboratory-scale aircraft is analysed. These structures predominantly follow the geometry of a benchmark study conducted by the Structures and Materials Action Group (SM-AG19) of the Group for Aeronautical Research Technology in EURope (GARTEUR). The IE models of these aircraft are produced. Subsequently, Graph Matching Network (GMNs) are used to determine the similarity matrix. The structures in the Garteur population are topologically homogeneous, which enables a more accurate investigation of how attributes can influence distance metrics. This paper constitutes the first step in the Garteur structures population investigation. The similarity assessment results will establish which population members are most suitable for applying transfer learning algorithms. It will enable the subsequent development, and experimental validation, of a population-based strategy for damage identification across heterogeneous structures.
EFFECTS OF THERMALLY INDUCED DISTRESS ON ADHESIVELY BONDED PIEZOELECTRIC WAFER ACTIVE SENSORS AND IMPLICATIONS ON DAMAGE DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION
Authors: EIRAS JESUS N. , GAVÉRINA L. , MASTROMATTEO L. , ROCHE J. M.
Published: December 2023

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems enable informing on structural health on a continuous time basis, resulting in optimized maintenance and reduced risk of failure. However, airborne equipment is commonly subjected to harsh environments including extremely high and low temperatures, transient loads, humidity, or radiation. As a result, the sensing function gradually degrades, ultimately impairing the performance of the SHM system to detect and localize damage. In this study, we analyze through two numerical experiments the effects that degrading bonding PWAS interface may produce on electromechanical impedance measurements and guided wave propagation testing. The first experiment investigates the effects of degraded adhesive bonding on electromechanical impedance and guided wave emission using a Finite Element Model (FEM). The results demonstrate that PWAS debonding modifies the electromechanical response, producing considerable distortion on the generated and received wave fields. The alteration of the bonding layer affects the wave tuning curve, resulting in non-uniform wave amplitudes across the plate. The second experiment focuses on the impact of PZT bonding degradation on damage localization. A circular sensor layout with multiple PWAS was considered. The FEM is solved for both intact and damaged plates, as well as for partially bonded PWAS. Tomographic imaging algorithms, including RAPID and Delay-and-Sum (DAS) were used. In summary, this study emphasizes the significance of understanding the effects of degraded bonding in PWAS for a more accurate assessment of aeronautical structures.
WAVE PROPAGATION AND DAMAGE LOCALIZATION IN THICK-WALLED HOLLOW CYLINDERS THROUGH INNER SENSING
Authors: ZHANG YUANMAN , SHAN SHENGBO , CHENG LI
Published: December 2023

Thick-walled hollow cylinders (TWHCs) are widely used in engineering structures and transportation systems, exemplified by train axles. The real-time and online health monitoring of such structures is crucial to ensure their structural integrity and operational safety. While elastic-wave-based structural health monitoring (SHM) shows promise, the development of feasible methods strongly relies on a good understanding and exploitation of the wave propagation properties and their interaction with structural defects. TWHCs usually bear multiple wave modes, which is a less investigated and explored topic as compared with thin-walled structures. This work examines this issue and proposes a dedicated damage localization strategy by using the selected waves captured on the inner surface of a TWHC. It is shown that, alongside the quasi-surface waves on the outer surface, longitudinal waves converted from the thickness-through shear bulk waves are generated to propagate along the inner surface. Their propagation characteristics are exploited for damage localization based on hyperbolic loci methods through inner surface sensing. Numerical studies are conducted to validate the method, alongside experimental verifications on a benchmark TWHC containing a notch-type defect. Studies provide guidance on damage detection in TWHCs and sensor network design.
ULTRASONIC GUIDED WAVES-BASED NONLINEAR AUTOREGRESSIVE DEFECT DETECTION FOR RAILWAY TRACKS USING FIBER BRAGG GRATING SENSING
Authors: DANG DA-ZHI , WANG YOU-WU , NI YI-QING
Published: December 2023

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial to the maintenance and daily operation of civil infrastructures. Railway system, which plays an important role in modern society, relies heavily on robust monitoring systems to give timely warnings of early-stage defects that potentially could result in the consequences of major traffic incidents, such as derailments. Guided wave testing (GWT) methods have been introduced into the rail track monitoring, featuring long-distance monitoring reliability, high sensitivity, and excellent efficiency. In recent yea rs, the deployment of optical fiber-based GWT on railway system has prevailed traditional piezoelectric sensingbased schemes, due to its reliable performance especially under high electromagnetic interference (EMI) environments. In this paper, experimental studies are conducted, where fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are utilized to receive ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) on railway tracks, induced by a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensor, to detect defects. A narrow-band laser is induced to conduct edge filter demodulation of ultrasonic FBGs, with the sampling frequency of 10 MHz. A nonlinear autoregressive neural network with exogenous inputs (NARX) is trained using the acquired UGW signals and is utilized to evaluate rail track condition by extracting damage sensitive features (DSFs) based on the probabilistic density function (PDF) of the prediction error. First, a DSF baseline is obtained using the UGW data acquired from an intact rail track; then, for an unknown rail condition, the signals are processed by the trained NARX model to calculate DSFs; by comparing the calculated DSFs with the baseline, the rail condition can be evaluated. In this research, various UGW excitation frequencies are deployed, and for each frequency band an individual NARX model is trained. The prediction results show that the proposed method is highly sensitive to rail cracks, with an obvious increase in DSF values when an artificial crack is placed, which denotes the promising application of this method into SHM for mass rail transit systems.
El tratamiento informativo de las protestas en Colombia de 2021 en la prensa española: El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia y ABC
Authors: Figuereo-Benítez Juan C. , Esquiaqui-Buelvas Jair , Moya-López Daniel , Mancinas-Chávez Rosalba
Published: December 2023

El 28 de abril de 2021 se inició la ola de protestas más importante de la historia reciente de Colombia: el Paro Nacional. La reforma tributaria fue el principal punto de conflicto, que luego se trasladó a las políticas neoliberales del gobierno de Iván Duque, la violencia policial y la desigualdad, entre otros asuntos. Las protestas se cobraron la vida de más de 60 personas y movilizaron a miles de ciudadanos en todo el país, lo que acaparó la atención de la prensa nacional e internacional. Este artículo analiza el tratamiento informativo que los diarios de tirada nacional en España El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia y abc concedieron a las protestas, para valorar qué importancia le otorgaron y apuntar de qué manera contribuyeron al conocimiento informativo de los españoles. La investigación se apoya en un análisis de contenido cuantitativo, en el que además de analizar la cobertura periodística se establece una comparación entre los cuatro periódicos seleccionados durante el primer mes desde el estallido. Las primeras conclusiones muestran que, si bien la cobertura fue casi diaria, no se abordó el tema en profundidad.
A Regularized High-Dimensional Positive Definite Covariance Estimator with High-Frequency Data
Authors: Cui Liyuan , Hong Yongmiao , Li Yingxing , Wang Junhui
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a novel large-dimensional positive definite covariance estimator for high-frequency data under a general factor model framework. We demonstrate an appealing connection between the proposed estimator and a weighted group least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized least-squares estimator. The proposed estimator improves on traditional principal component analysis by allowing for weak factors, whose signal strengths are weak relative to idiosyncratic components. Despite the presence of microstructure noises and asynchronous trading, the proposed estimator achieves guarded positive definiteness without sacrificing the convergence rate. To make our method fully operational, we provide an extended simultaneous alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm to solve the resultant constrained convex minimization problem efficiently. Empirically, we study the monthly high-frequency covariance structure of the stock constituents of the S&P 500 index from 2008 to 2016, using all traded stocks from the NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ stock markets to construct the high-frequency Fama-French four and extended eleven economic factors. We further examine the out-of-sample performance of the proposed method through vast portfolio allocations, which deliver significantly reduced out-of-sample portfolio risk and enhanced Sharpe ratios. The success of our method supports the usefulness of machine learning techniques in finance.

This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance.

Funding: This work was supported by the Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee [Grants 11500119, 11505522, 11505721, and 21504818] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Basic Scientific Center Project [Grant 71988101], entitled as “Econometric Modelling and Economic Policy Studies”, as well as NSFC [Grants 71803166 and 72173104].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.04138 .
Cardiac arrest following retrieval of inferior vena cava filter: a case report and literature review of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade
Authors: Eid Fahad , Najim Mostafa , Elbanna Mostafa , Reda Mostafa Mostafa , Magdi Mohamed
Published: December 2023

This report presents the clinical details and management of a 58-year-old Caucasian male with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade following outpatient inferior vena cava (IVC) filter removal. The patient was unresponsive and experienced cardiac arrest minutes after the procedure, requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After return of spontaneous circulation he displayed somnolence, confusion and chest discomfort. Investigations revealed a large pericardial effusion, and an echocardiography confirmed cardiac tamponade. Prompt intervention involved pericardiocentesis, resulting in haemodynamic stabilisation and reduction in effusion size. The patient responded favourably with treatment. Differential diagnoses were considered and treatment options were discussed, highlighting the importance of timely recognition and appropriate intervention in managing pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. This report adds to the limited literature on pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade following a scheduled outpatient IVC filter removal, emphasising the unique clinical presentation and successful management of this rare phenomenon.
As relações extraconjugais e extraoficiais sob o crivo do tempo e do espaço
Authors: Marques Robbin Daniel Abud
Published: December 2023

Esta investigação de cunho histórico-dialetológico possui como objetivo geral contrastar a norma lexical da variedade brasileira e da variedade lusitana de língua portuguesa quanto ao campo semântico das relações extraconjugais e extraoficiais, a partir de corpora historicamente constituídos, tanto de língua escrita quanto de língua falada. Os resultados apontam para uma certa regularidade entre as normas regionais portuguesa e brasileira dos séculos XVI a XX, em língua escrita. Em alguns recortes de língua falada no Centro-Sul do Brasil, mais recentemente, parecem permanecer alguns resquícios de obsoletismos provenientes do português antigo e do latim, ao passo que novas formações neológicas surgem para dar conta de neutralizar a carga semântica pejorativa desse referente tabuístico, e outras denominações parecem progressivamente tender ao desuso.
Descoberta e aceitação
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Beatriz Oliveira
Published: December 2023

Este texto aborda relatos de experiência de um grupo de mulheres autodeclaradas lésbicas e de homens autodeclarados gays, envolvendo vivências de descoberta e de aceitação da orientação sexual. Nesse sentido, investiga-se e discute-se como ocorreram esses dois processos para as pessoas entrevistadas, bem como o impacto dessa etapa em suas vidas. Alguns conceitos como o de narrativa (Clandinin; Connely, 2011), de homofobia (Castañeda, 2007; Schulman, 2010), de heterossexualidade compulsória (Butler, 2003) e de epistemologia do armário (Sedgwick, 2007) respaldam a análise. Os relatos advêm de um corpus composto por quatro entrevistas feitas em duplas (de lésbicas e de gays). A análise depreendida é de base interpretativa e alguns trechos das entrevistas são usados para exemplificar as discussões.
Revisão sistemática da monotongação de ditongos orais no português brasileiro
Authors: Pelayes Geicilayne Tavares
Published: December 2023

A presente resenha faz o detalhamento da obra Monotongação de ditongos orais no português brasileiro: uma revisão sistemática de literatura, bem como aponta sua contribuição científica para os estudos linguísticos de variação no Brasil.
Imaginary formation and discursive ethos
Authors: Soares Thiago Barbosa
Published: December 2023

This article deals comparatively with the notions, belonging to the field of action of Discourse Analysis, of imaginary formation and discursive ethos, from the perspective of the internal transformation of how certain principles of language are conceived to the point of changing the conceptual functioning of these analytical operators and how historical determinations remodel them. For this purpose, it deals, from based on certain epistemological instruments, with the similarities and differences between these two notions. As a result of this investigation, it was found that both highlight, according to their respective epistemic contributions, elements of the discursive construction process that are relatively close, so that the distinction between them lies in the emphasis given, by each, to the constitutive mechanisms of the manifestation of the members participants of the discourse.
ALGORITMOS RACIAIS E O PENSAMENTO DE COLONIALIDADE COMO ENTRAVE AOS DIREITOS HUMANOS: UMA NOVA FORMA DE ESTRUTURAÇÃO DAS DISCRIMINAÇÕES RACIAIS
Authors: Resende de Melo Stephanny , Cardoso Machado Jaborandy Clara
Published: December 2023

O uso de novas tecnologias e a hiperconectividade entre as pessoas trouxe a necessidade de acelerar a resposta de dados, de modo que os algoritmos e a inteligência artificial tomaram destaque. No entanto, surgiram problemas ao serem demonstrados vieses de cunho racista nos resultados e tomadas de decisões dos sistemas. Dessa forma, considerando que são utilizadas tanto no âmbito público quanto no privado, inclusive em sistemas de segurança pública, viu-se a necessidade de debater sobre discursos de neutralidade dos softwares. A ideia de colonialidade também está atrelada a esse problema, gerando seletividade e disparates sociais. O objetivo é analisar os motivos pelos quais ocorrem os vieses raciais, ferindo os direitos humanos, além de verificar como e quanto o pensamento de colonialidade se correlaciona com essas posturas. Ao final, conclui-se que os algoritmos raciais não são neutros pois replicam somente o que foi treinado por seres humanos, portanto, a visão de mundo de quem as criou, fazendo ser necessário a regulamentação da inteligência artificial, a democratização das tecnologias e debates sobre diversidade étnica. A metodologia utilizada deu-se através da abordagem qualitativa, de natureza exploratória, com procedimento metodológico da pesquisa documental e bibliográfica.
ATRIBUIÇÃO DE PERSONALIDADE JURÍDICA A BENS AMBIENTAIS COMO FORMA DE EFETIVAÇÃO DO ACESSO À JUSTIÇA NO BRASIL: CONSIDERAÇÕES A PARTIR DO CASO DO RIO ATRATO NA COLÔMBIA
Authors: Ferreira Rafael Clementino Veríssimo , Brasil Deilton Ribeiro
Published: December 2023

Este artigo se propõe a estudar a possibilidade da atribuição de personalidade jurídica a bens ambientais como forma de se efetivar o acesso à justiça. O trabalho parte do caso do Rio Atrato, na Colômbia, para discutir a possibilidade de se aplicar instituto análogo no âmbito do direito brasileiro. O método utilizado é o hipotético-indutivo, a partir do cotejo entre os sistemas jurídicos colombiano e brasileiro, como forma de se alcançar alternativas capazes de hipertrofiar o sistema de proteção ambiental no Brasil. A metodologia se baseia em duas vertentes principais – documental e doutrinária. Os resultados encontrados apontam que a atribuição de personalidade jurídica a bens ambientais – tais quais os rios – é excelente ponto de partida para se modificar a perspectiva da legitimidade ativa na proteção ambiental no Brasil.
ANÁLISE DO CASO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA MATANZA-RIACHUELO SOB O ENFOQUE DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA AMBIENTAL
Authors: Camatta Adriana Freitas Antunes , Souza Livia Maria Cruz Gonçalves
Published: December 2023

A análise do caso Bacia Matanza Riachuelo chama à reflexão um complexo processo de degradação ambiental que envolveu o Estado Nacional, a Província de Buenos Aires, a Cidade Autônoma de Buenos Aires e 44 empresas que realizavam suas atividades industriais nessa região. Uma vez judicializada a questão ambiental por parte dos afetados pela contaminação da Bacia, este trabalho objetiva apresentar diferentes pontos abordados na sentença judicial e seus efeitos na demarcação de um novo cenário interventivo à proteção ambiental, destacando a construção de argumentos que priorizam a elaboração de políticas públicas ambientais. O método adotado foi o hipotético-dedutivo. A pesquisa busca como contribuição o fortalecimento da construção de uma jurisprudência ambiental.
Treatment of peri-implantitis: Fiction or reality? Part 2: Adjuncts and decontamination approaches in the non-surgical and surgical management of peri-implantitis
Authors: Sousa Vanessa , Beltrán Víctor , Mardas Nikos , Nanayakkara Lochana , Donos Nikolaos
Published: December 2023

Treatment protocols for peri-implantitis include various decontamination procedures of the exposed implant surface, and their application is dependent on the stage of implant therapy, involving both non-surgical and surgical interventions, as appropriate. These implant surface decontamination procedures may be delivered using different approaches, such as mechanical/physical, chemical, photo/mechanical, adjuncts, or combinations thereof. In Part 1 of this two-part series, we reviewed the available evidence for the non-surgical and surgical management of peri-implantitis. In Part 2, we discuss different approaches for implant surface decontamination.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The pre-operative risk identification and management at both patient and site level, early diagnosis and regular supportive peri-implant care are fundamental for long term implant success and survival.
A review and clinical tips on gingival retraction methods
Authors: Rana Shivani , Bassi G Steven
Published: December 2023

Gingival retraction is commonly employed in dentistry. There are several methods that may be used, which fall into mechanical, chemo-mechanical and surgical techniques. The application of these methods depends on the clinical activity the clinician is performing, and there are advantages and disadvantages to each method. This review reflects on the current literature available on gingival retraction methods to provide clinicians with guidance on which methods to consider when undertaking the three most common clinical scenarios: master impression taking; cementation of indirect restorations whether tooth or implant retained; and for direct adhesive dentistry.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Selecting an appropriate gingival retraction method, for example for master impression taking, cementation of restorations and in adhesive dentistry is of value.
Analysis of a telephone hotline for palliative care patients at home and their families
Authors: Martins Maria de Lurdes da Costa , Pinto Sara
Published: December 2023

Background:

To describe the use of a telephone consultation (TC) hotline for palliative care (PC) patients and their families at home provided by a PC service, during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods:

Observational and cross-sectional study of a TC hotline performed by a PC service from 1 January to 31 December 2020. Data was collected through a record sheet completed during the call. Descriptive analyses were performed using the SPSS software (V.21 for Windows).

Results:

A total of 494 calls were retrieved (n=187 patients; 6500 minutes recorded). Compared to 2019, incoming calls increased 33.8%. Most callers were a family member (n=419) or a community health worker (n= 60). The peak of calls was registered in April (13.5%), May (13.2%) and October (15.0%). Main problems included uncontrolled symptoms (81.9%), need for medication (8.6%), information (4.8%) and consultation rescheduling (2.6%). In 81.9% of the cases, the call occurred during a crisis. The PC team solved 92.9% of the problems. Only 20 patients were admitted in the emergency department (this was 30.5% less compared to 2019).

Conclusions:

The TC is a feasible alternative to traditional in-person follow-ups. Callers considered it very useful, especially during the COVID-19 lockdown. Communication was improved and admissions to emergency services were reduced.
Research Roundup
Authors: Green Laura
Published: December 2023

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care
Continuum of care in hard-to-heal wounds by copper dressings: a case series
Authors: Melamed Eyal , Borkow Gadi
Published: December 2023

Objective:

The quest for an ideal wound dressing has been a longstanding challenge due to the complex nature of wound healing, including stages of haemostasis, inflammation, maturation and remodelling, with overlapping timelines. This makes it difficult to find a single dressing that optimally supports all phases of wound healing. In addition, the ideal wound dressing should possess antibacterial properties and be capable of effectively debriding and lysing necrotic tissue. Copper is an essential trace element that participates in many of the key physiological wound healing processes.

Method:

Copper stimulates secretion of various cytokines and growth factors, thus promoting angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, extracellular matrix proteins secretion and re-epithelialisation. Harnessing this knowledge, we have used copper oxide-impregnated wound dressings in numerous cases and observed their benefits throughout the entire wound healing process.

Results:

This led us to postulate the ‘continuum of care’ hypothesis of copper dressings. In this study we describe four cases of hard-to-heal wounds of various aetiologies, in which we applied copper dressings consistently across all stages of wound healing, with rapid uneventful healing.

Conclusion:

We believe we have successfully implemented the continuum of care principle.
Detecting message spoofing attacks on smart vehicles
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamad , Safa Nader Sohrabi
Published: December 2023

The rapid proliferation of smart vehicles, particularly connected vehicles, has led to a rise in cyberthreats. Ensuring the security of associated equipment has become a pressing concern. This article presents an analysis of various machine learning models for detecting message spoofing attacks on smart vehicles. These types of attacks can pose a significant risk to the safety and security of smart vehicles, with dangers such as accidents, hijacking incidents and other severe consequences. The findings indicate the potential of machine learning models in detecting message spoofing attacks. And the results underscore the need for robust security measures to prevent message spoofing attacks on smart vehicles.
Governing cyber security in the maritime industry
Authors: von Solms Rossouw
Published: December 2023

The maritime industry is critical for global trade and transportation. Owing to the continued increase in digitisation and connectivity, the industry faces various cyber security challenges. This paper explores the significance of governing cyber security in the maritime industry. By conducting an in-depth analysis of existing literature, industry reports, regulations, standards, etc, the paper aims to provide insights into the current state of cyber security governance in the maritime industry and makes recommendations for augmenting cyber resilience. This paper explores the significance of governing cyber security in the maritime industry.
Evaluation and Comparison of Daily Total Energy Intake and Macronutrient Proportion Consumption Between Poor vs Good Glycemic Control Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A cross-sectional study at Family Medicine OPD, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand
Authors:   Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Ruangchaisiwawet Achiraya , Bankhum Narumit ,   Nutrition and Dietary service section Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Tanasombatkul Krittai ,   Department of Family MedicineFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,   Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Yingchankul Nalinee ,   Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare daily total energy intake and macronutrient proportion consumption between poor and good glycemic control type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to March 2022 at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. Patient data was collected using a questionnaire. Dietary intake data was collected using 24-hour dietary recall and was analyzed by a dietitian. Factors and their association with poor glycemic control were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 127 participants, 40.16% had poor glycemic control. The mean HbA1c level in the poor and the good glycemic control group was 7.67±0.61% and 6.39±0.44% respectively (p < 0.001). Among all patients, the mean total energy intake was 1,640.21±495.92 kcal/day, with mean proportions of 51.25% for carbohydrate, 16.56% for protein, and 32.12% for fat. There were no significant differences between the poor and good glycemic control groups in total energy intake (1702.63±503.48 kcal/day vs. 1598.32±489.65 kcal/day, p = 0.247), carbohydrate intake (222.78±89.98 g/day vs. 203.72±79.36 g/day, p = 0.211), protein intake (70.12±21.50 g/day vs. 65.44±21.38 g/day, p = 0.230), or fat intake (58.94±19.26 g/day vs. 57.86±24.33 g/day, p = 0.790). CONCLUSIONS The poor glycemic control group was more likely to consume more total energy and a higher proportion of carbohydrate and fat, which suggests that proper individualized dietary energy intake and diet proportions may enhance nutritional status and glycemic control. KEYWORDS DM, nutrition, diet, calories, glycemic control, consumption
Reference Values of Nerve Cross-sectional Area Obtained by Ultrasound in the Upper Extremity Correlated with Electrodiagnosis in Thai Adults
Authors:   Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lerdsin Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, Ngernprasertsiri Siriwadee , Puprasert Chapa ,   Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lerdsin Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, Wimonwattrawatee Pariya ,   Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lerdsin Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ultrasonography cross-sectional area (CSA) reference values of nerves in the upper extremity correlated with electrodiagnosis in healthy Thai adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed. Ninety participants were recruited and their CSA at 10 sites on the median, ulnar, and radial nerves were measured bilaterally. A nerve conduction study (NCS) was conducted and the correlations between the nerve CSA and age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and NCS parameters were studied. RESULTS The mean CSA ranged from 5.8±1.4 to 9.5±1.5 mm2 along the median nerve and 4.5±0.8 to 7.7±1.7 mm2 along the ulnar nerve. The mean CSAs of the radial nerve at the elbow and spiral groove were 5.0±0.9 and 4.6±0.8 mm2, respectively. The CSA of the median nerve at the wrist and the CSA of the radial nerve at the spiral groove were positively correlated with weight and BMI, whereas the CSA of the median nerve at the elbow was positively correlated only with weight. There was an association between CSA values and electrodiagnosis parameters as the nerve CSA increased, as the latency was prolonged, and as the amplitude decreased. CONCLUSIONS The reference values of nerve CSA in the upper extremity at multiple sites can be helpful in the evaluation of peripheral nerve disorders in the Thai population. KEYWORDS cross-sectional area, ultrasonography, peripheral nerves, electrodiagnosis
Connections Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Brain Structural Changes: Implications for Neurocognitive Function and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors:   General Education and Basic Science Office, Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Ryden Patcharin
Published: December 2023

In the general world population, vitamin D insufficiency frequently occurs. Severe vitamin D deficiencies are more common in individuals who also have critical illnesses. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation applied to the skin has an impact on the production of vitamin D. Through its anti-inflammatory and anti-autoimmune effects, vitamin D plays an immunomodulatory role. The regulation of calcium-mediated neuronal excitotoxicity, the decrease of oxidative stress, the induction of synaptic structure proteins as well as inadequate neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors are all aspects of how vitamin D functions in the nervous system. A lack of dietary consumption and inadequate sun exposure can cause vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is essential for preserving brain health and function. Vitamin D deficiency can worsen the neurocognitive effects of disorders like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and other dementias. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to the earliest stage of memory impairment or other cognitive function loss. It has been found that the volume of the hippocampus and white matter integrity are both on the decline which is related to this cognitive impairment. There has been only limited exploration of the brain-specific areas that undergo structural change in response to vitamin D status. The objective of the present article was to review the connections between vitamin D deficiency and structural changes in the brain including implications for neurocognitive and neurodegenerative disorders in order to provide additional understanding, especially of brain areas that are involved with neurocognitive functioning or neurodegenerative disorders. KEYWORDS vitamin D deficiency, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25 (OH)D), vitamin D deficiency and brain image, vitamin D deficiency and neurodegenerative disorders
Severe Diarrhea-induced Acute Kidney Injury and Its Consequence in an Elderly
Authors: Son Chang-Gue
Published: December 2023

Methods: This study presents a comprehensive case study of an elderly male diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) resulting from severe dehydration, supported by an extended follow-up with laboratory findings.Results: An 83-year-old male patient experienced severe diarrhea overnight, leading to hospitalization due to symptoms of dehydration and hypotension. His laboratory results displayed a typical AKI pattern, including a significant increase in creatinine levels (5.19 mg/dL) and the presence of hyperkalemia and hyponatremia. Following general treatments, including the administration of an herbal drug (Bulhwangeumjeonggi-san), the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) improved from 10 ml/min (Stage 5) to 34 ml/min (Stage 3) within five days when he was discharged. Although subsequent eGFR tests, conducted one and two months later as an outpatient, revealed an improvement of 42 ml/min, the patient still experienced mild chronic dysfunction as a consequence.Conclusion: This study presents a noteworthy case of acute kidney injury attributed to severe dehydration, emphasizing the importance of medical awareness regarding diarrhea-induced kidney function impairment, especially in the elderly population.
Parameters Estimation of the Exponentiated Chen Distribution Based on Upper Record Values
Authors: Yousaf Farhad , Ali Sajid , Shah Ismail , Riaz Saba
Published: December 2023

This article discusses the Bayesian and frequentist inferences for the exponentiated Chen distribution assuming upper record values. Due to unavailability of the compact form of marginal posterior distributions, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm is designed to compute the posterior summaries. Prediction of future record values under Bayesian and frequentist methods is also discussed mathematically and numerically. Further, a sensitivity analysis to assess the effect of prior on the estimated parameters is also a part of this study. Besides the simulation studies, the importance of the present study is illustrated with the help of a real data example. It is noted that the Bayes estimates outperform the frequentist inference.