bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the affordance of a software tool to support students in team project work
Authors: Whatley Janice
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the findings from a case study to investigate how undergraduate students used the output from a teamwork support tool. In designing this sort of software tool usability is considered, but analysis of the findings from this research suggests that the affordance of any support tools should also be considered, because without adequate signposting, the perceived affordance may not be the same as the intended affordance, as anticipated by the designer. This leaves the students unclear what the action possibilities of the software are, and how best to use the functions provided.Case study was chosen as an interpretive research method, because it would provide rich data to demonstrate the variety of possible uses for the support tool. The tool under consideration in this study was designed to help the student team to allocate tasks to team members, according to ability and preference. The research was carried out with undergraduate students undertaking team projects in the information systems discipline. A grid based on the work of Sadler and Given (2007) was used to analyse the students' feedback on the system, according to whether the action possibilities intended by the designer were perceived or not.This research showed that the students used the output from the tool in a variety of different ways, depending upon their perceptions of the affordance of the system. The perceived affordance of the system depended upon the efficacy of the signposting of the affordance, and the individual students' previous experience of team working. In this case the sharing of knowledge was hampered by a lack of signposts to the action possibilities of the tool. Student team project working is an unstructured network of individual learners, so each student may exercise their discretion in using support tools, sometimes even disregarding a tool. Although the findings from this case study are from co-located students, these students use online tools to maintain communication with each other when not on campus in the same way that online student teams do. So the results suggest that this tool, and others similar to it, may be equally suitable for supporting online student team working, provided the affordance of the tool is signposted with suggestions for action possibilities.
Symposium 7: An overview of design representations
Authors: Conole Gráinne
Published: October 2024

This paper provides an overview of the range of representations that can be used to describe learning designs. It provides a definition for learning designs and demonstrates how the different representations can be used for different levels of granularity and to foreground different aspects of the design process.
Symposium 1: Learning, Teaching and Assessment in Networked Learning
Authors: Hodgson Vivien , Reynolds Michael
Published: October 2024

The focus of our paper is on Theme 2 of the Networked Learning Manifesto which focused on Learning Teaching and Assessment and stated as follows:
Networked e-learning as envisaged in this manifesto requires models of learning that are based on participation and not ones that are based on transmission.
This requires as much emphasis on learning processes and learning to learn as on subject knowledge.
Educational values which contribute to quality in learning and teaching environments are those that seek to encourage dialogue, exchange of ideas, intrinsic approaches to study and engagement. It is this that we need to support through networked e-learning.
Networked e-learning provides the opportunity for developing innovative assessment practices in which teachers and learners collaborate in the assessment process.
Networked e-learning is not a depersonalising experience. The careful integration of course design and innovative assessment can create as intimate an educational experience as a face-to-face encounter.
In this paper we look at these statements in more detail in terms of what the ideas behind each of them were and the meaning and relevance of some of the key ideas to the current theory and practice of networked learning. Our approach is to review current thinking sufficiently to highlight issues which the manifesto raises and in addition, to examine these issues from the perspective of an empirical research study of networked learning practice. We have summarised key issues in the final section of the paper as questions which we hope might provide criteria for evaluating how the principles incorporated in the manifesto are reflected in current networked learning theory and in practice. The questions we suggest are:

What values and beliefs underlie practice? Are claims to democratic pedagogy justified?
What interpretations of ‘community’ are found in use? Do they take account of the social and political processes involved?
As tutors, what ideas do we draw on to help make sense of these processes?
Do Networked Learning practices support critical reflection and the co-construction of knowledge?
Do assessment procedures reflect the same values as are embodied in other aspects of the pedagogy? If there are differences, are they at least acknowledged?
Do our pedagogies support space and time for trust and confidence to develop?
Symposium 4: Practitioner research as experiential learning?
Authors: Hills Laura , Swithenby Steve
Published: October 2024

Practitioner research is now long established as a means of professional development for academics in higher education, resulting in well documented benefits for the practitioner researcher and their students. What is less well documented is the process by which individual academic members of staff develop as practitioner researchers and how their engagement with the realities of practice and research influences their learning. This paper is a case study of professional development through practitioner research at the Centre for Open Learning in Mathematics, Science, Computing and Technology (COLMSCT) at the Open University, UK. COLMSCT was established in 2005 to reward teaching excellence and to fund practitioner research into develop ‘effective and engaging’ ways of using new technologies to support students at a distance. A total of 63 two-year projects have been supported through COLMSCT, involving both full-time academics and part-time distance tutors. The effects of the practitioner research projects have been evidenced at the level of student experience, personal transformation, colleagues, the institution and the wider higher education sector and include: changes in individual practice, increased involvement in research, modifications to assessment at module and programme level, and conference presentations and journal publications. The paper uses the theory of experiential learning, and in particular Kolb’s learning cycle, to explore the process of professional development through practitioner research. Kolb’s phases of learning, namely concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation, are used as a lens through which to examine the process and effects of practitioner research on the individual, their students and the wider institutional and higher education context. The paper provides examples of how the processes and effects of practitioner research, such as observing practice, engagement with theoretical approaches and implementing change, relate to these phases of learning. It also demonstrates that when these phases interact, so when practitioner researchers bring abstract concepts or theoretical insights into their observations of practice, transformation, or learning, occurs. It examines the factors which influence this learning and concludes that the professional development opportunities provided by practitioner research are, in part, determined by the role that the individual practitioner researcher occupies in the ‘outside world’ of practice.
Symposium 4: Learning about new tools
Authors: Mills Keren , Scantlebury Non , Parker Jo
Published: October 2024

This paper examines an innovative approach prototyped to deliver staff development at The Open University (OU). The Digilab creative space was built within The Open University Library for staff to engage “hands on” with technologies which have the potential to enhance learning, both for experimentation and for familiarisation.
Initially users were encouraged to explore the technologies at their own pace in the Digilab, but a survey of OU staff carried out in 2007 indicated that whilst in the main staff embraced the idea of working with new technologies, many lacked the confidence to tackle using them without support.As such, structured experiential activities to support staff in developing their skills have been developed.
‘Digiquests’ are supported by a mixed team of elearning professionals from academic and academic related backgrounds. These quests require staff to navigate their way through technology themed topics using a variety of accessible devices and immersive environments to support reflective learning, the main objective being maximising hands-on experimentation. The resulting activities form a suite of self paced and collaborative opportunities to encounter some of the key issues, constraints and possibilities for developing technology enhanced experiential learning for learners and practitioners within a safe, informal and neutral space. Shorter, self-paced ‘digibytes’ have also been developed. Participation in Digilab activities is steadily increasing, and in addition to the original aim, of developing the skills of academic staff, a number of additional uses of the space have been realised.
Feedback has been positive, indicating that participants appreciate the nature of the space, the opportunity to interact with the technologies provided there, and recognise that the experiences help support new ways of thinking about technology.
The Digilab team will continue to work closely with other units to integrate our hands-on activities into the university’s staff development offerings. The Digilab is also increasingly being used by course teams and developers to test course materials on different platforms, such as mobile phones and game consoles, or to explore the integration of technology enhanced learning into course models.
Symposium 5: Teachers' Views on Assessment in Higher Education
Authors: Oberg Hans , Zenios Maria , Parhoma Gale
Published: October 2024

From a social constructivist viewpoint, learning is a constructive act of the learner. Several different assessment methods are used in assessing students, which have implications when discussing knowledge construction in higher education. Teachers’ views about different formats and methods of assessment were examined by interviewing teachers in higher education. This work-in-progress suggests that students' perceptions about assessment have considerable influence on their approaches to learning, but that organizational and teachers’ perceptions of institutional objectives are significant factors in choosing assessment methods. Although the teachers interviewed agree in the constructive act of the learner, the assessment is still more of a teacher-centred process for teachers with little experience of networked learning environments. This is also partly because of the restraints of university examination rules, as well as universities adaptation to the Bologna Declaration (1999). Being gradually acculturated and assimilated into the networked learning community in the form of an apprenticeship should help in making teachers more inclined towards a student-centred approach and to using peer assessment.
Symposium 7: Contributing to a Learning Methodology for Web 2.0 Learning
Authors: Glud Louise Nørgaard , Buus Lillian , Ryberg Thomas , Georgsen Marianne , Davidsen Jacob
Published: October 2024

This paper contributes to the development of a methodology for designing Web 2.0 mediated learning based on a PBL approach. It does so by identifying tensions in the cross field between learning and Web 2.0. To establish an overview we begin by defining the intersections between learning and Web 2.0. In relation to this, and with reference to (Ryberg, Glud, Buus, & Georgsen, 2010), we argue that a problem-based approach to learning fits well with the characteristics of Web 2.0 activities. Moreover, we argue that the connection between Web 2.0 and learning gives rise to an overarching tension between who controls the networked learning environment and processes: the teacher or the learner? We propose a conceptual model where this tension can be understood as expressible across at least four dimensions: the learning process, the motivation, the infrastructure, and resources/content. Also we identify a number of crucial questions that need to be considered in relation to each of these dimensions when designing for web 2.0 mediated learning. These questions and tensions are what we explore in this paper as they contribute to the development of a learning methodology and some mediating design artefacts, which we further discuss in (Buus, Georgsen, Ryberg, Glud, & Davidsen, 2010). The intention of the conceptual model and questions is to prompt practitioners to discuss and critically reflect on their course designs during the planning and design phase. Furthermore, we discuss some additional mediating design artefacts, which we are developing to support practitioners’ design of Web 2.0 oriented learning. These are descriptions of existing practices and activities which will be uploaded in the wiki-based social community Methopedia.
ELYK - e-learning for SME in outlying areas
Authors: Helms Niels Henrik , Heilesen Simon B.
Published: October 2024

The ELYK project intends to devise new ways of developing competencies in small and medium sized enterprises (SME) in outlying areas in Denmark. Its premise is that internetworking and net-based learning will help achieve this goal. A series of experiments will be conducted, based on principles of action research and user driven innovation.There are four sub-projects: 1. Identifying project participants, inquiring into challenges to furthering e-learning as a tool for developing competencies, and identifying initiatives helpful to overcoming these barriers. 2. Mapping existing communicative practices and plan and implement new ways of facilitating net-based communication in professional networks and clusters. 3. Inquiring into what kind of strategies for developing competencies through e-learning that are relevant for SME in outlying areas; and how, regionally, it will be possible to organise programs for advising enterprises on the subject. 4. Experiments with supplementary education and in-service training at individual, intra-organisational and inter-organisational levels. User participation and user considerations are pivotal to all of these experiments.The challenge is to develop interfaces between informal learning at the workplace, between enterprises, and formal learning offered by e.g. FE-Colleges Findings so far suggest that the so-called skills-gap is simply a complex pattern consisting of A) a group of low skilled and low motivated individuals outside employment. B) A competent, but low skilled workforce inside the enterprises. C) An urgent pressure for ongoing process-improvement and product development.Relative autonomy, involvement, complex tasks, and individual quality control characterize the production structure. Globalisation creates structural changes, but so far this has been largely beneficial. Now, the perceived dynamic, yet stable relationship between training offered by colleges and the needs of enterprises is breaking down. Yet, the "tacit learning ecologies" within the enterprises need articulation because of the growing cooperation with distant partners. Enterprises need structural couplings between the ongoing learning in and between enterprises. They require a sort of enterprise-specific micro learning. This presents a challenge to the general model of formal education. Nationally, reforms have been implemented to secure a higher degree of flexibility within these systems. But this is contrasted to the economic incitements, and maybe especially to the cultural traditions of the colleges and their faculty. So far, ELYK has demonstrated willingness at colleges to find new ways of developing content and delivery of learning. Future experiments may result in validated models for new ways of developing e-learning supporting economic development in outlying areas.
Information Resources for Online Learning
Authors: See-To Eric W. K.
Published: October 2024

The learning environment is fast changing in the era of digital world. The new era of online learning will be student-centric, relying heavily on online learning resources. The increasing pervasiveness of online learning, together with the rise of student-centric way of learning in the online era, highlights the need to understand how students interact with the resources available online. In this paper, we focus on one particular element - how users place trust on online learning resources. Research suggested that online learners place trust almost instantly on online information resources, without much evaluation of the sources, and trust the Internet too much by default, treating it the same as a formal library. Given the need for suitable approaches to understand the formation of online user trust on learning resources, this paper aims at taking a first step by providing an overview of relevant literature for analyzing the online trust formation process. We propose that the e-commerce trust literature is a promising starting point. In the e-commerce context, consumer trust is a big obstacle - it is so difficult to engender trust. In the online learning context, we are facing a somewhat reversed problem: users are placing trust on online information resources so quickly- instantly, and we need to understand the process. We find that a dynamic dimension of trust formation is missing in the current literature. The dynamic, instant dimension of trust is not well understood. Given the special instant nature of online trust, we propose that there is a niche in the extant literature for a dynamic approach of investigating the formation of trust by users on online learning resources.
Participatory innovation through user-designed knowledge sharing and Web 2.0 in the Danish seed industry
Authors: Tveden-Nyborg Svend , Boelt Birte , Misfeldt Morten
Published: October 2024

For many years the Danish seed industry has been at the forefront with high quality seed production, but in a rapidly changing global market innovation is a key factor for the future of Danish seed production - one important element to innovation is transfer of knowledge. In a new Ph.D. project seed scientists from Aarhus University will work together with seed growers and seed company consultants in designing a collaborative knowledge platform to optimise the diffusion of innovation between them.
The aim of the Ph.D. project is to look at the processes within the three communities of practice in their participatory efforts to design and select technologies that will improve their knowledge dissemination through a shared understanding of learning and innovation within the Danish seed industry.
The research questions are:

What boundary objects emerge between and within the collaborating communities of practice, and in what way do they promote the negotiation of a shared understanding?
Which commonalities can be derived from the participatory design of a "third space" community among communities of practice through participation in the Danish seed industry?

The work will be based on preliminary field research including qualitative semi-structured interviews staging the local concept to knowledge and innovation quantified by large-scale questionnaires. A random target group will work with imaging, tagging and categorising their personal experience and thoughts of knowledge and innovation through advanced online photo diaries.
The outcomes will be presented in a 3-step workshop series with representatives from the involved communities of practice. A "future workshop" will focus on commonalities and contradictions between the involved domains and how they redefine shared knowledge from their previous experience. A second workshop will focus on hands-on user experience based on a prototype predesigned from the preliminary research findings. The final workshop will build up a common knowledge discourse among its participants, and work towards an overall requirement specification for a preferred future knowledge innovation method in the Danish seed industry.
The three workshops will be recorded by video and subsequently hermeneutically analysed to determine relevant boundary objects and commonalities between the participating communities of practice.
Analisa Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Menggunakan Metode Servqual di Restoran Geprek Kak Rose Malang
Authors: Gantur Albertus , Mushollaeni Wahyu , Tantalu Lorine
Published: October 2024

Restoran adalah usaha bisnis yang menyediakan makanan dan minuman untuk di jual kepada pelanggan. Kata restoran mencakup serangkaian operasi jasa makanan. Istilah ini berasal dari kata perancis" Restauran yang berarti restor of  energy" Atau pemulihan tenaga. Kualitas layanan adalah perbedaan keseluruhan antara harapan konsumen dan persepsi konsumen tentang pengalaman pelayanan. Kepuasan konsumen merupakan perasaan senang atau kecewa dari seseorang konsumen yang dihasilkan dari kinerja produk dengan harapan yang diinginkan oleh konsumen. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu semua konsumen yang pernah mengunjungi geprek kak rose.Teknik yang digunakan dalam menentukan sampel yaitu Non Probabilistic Sampling dengan metode Accidental Sampling Responden dianalisis berdasarkan jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, pendapatan, intensitas kedatangan, biaya sekali makan, informasi geprek kak rose dan tujuan berkunjung. Responden dianalisis berdasarkan jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, pendapatan, intensitas kedatangan, biaya sekali makan, informasi geprek kak rose dan tujuan berkunjung.
Pengaruh Rasio Leverage, Likuiditas Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Kualitas Laba Pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Transportasi
Authors: ANWAR AMELIA , Handa Nurul , Salma Nur
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh leverage, likuiditas dan profitabilitas terhadap kualitas laba. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sehingga digunakan 9 perusahaan sebagai sampel. Pengujian dan analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji asumsi klasik (uji normalitas, uji heteroskedastisitas, uji multikolinearitas dan uji autokorelasi), regresi linier berganda, koefisien determinasi (R2) dan uji hipotesis (uji simultan (F) dan uji parsial (T) ) dengan program SPSS 26. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan dengan arah negatif terhadap kualitas laba. Sedangkan variabel leverage dan likuiditas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laba. Sedangkan pengujian secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa rasio leverage, likuiditas dan profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laba.
Demographic and Clinical Features of Allergic Rhinitis Presenting at a Postgraduate Teaching Hospital
Authors: Khan Tahir Hussain , Memon Muhmmad Jamil , Siddiqui Tariq Zia , Rana Ashfaq Hussain , Balouch Muhammad Omer Khan , Afzal Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Allergic rhinitis is a common disorder that affects millions worldwide and it represents a global concern. Objective: To determine the frequency of clinical variables, and demographic pattern of the allergic rhinitis patients in the otorhinolaryngology outpatient department in a Teaching Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat of Kulsumbai Valik Site Postgraduate Teaching Hospital Karachi from 1st July 2022 to 31st December 2023. The study comprised allergic rhinitis patients. A total of 750 patients were included in this study after diagnosing allergic Rhinitis mentioned on their prescription. Data were collected properly on a predesigned questionnaire. Variables included age, gender, socioeconomic status, residence, sneezing, itching in the eye and nose, rhinorrhea, nasal discharge, bluish pale nasal mucosa (Nasal Congestion), edematous turbinate, and headache. Data were entered in SPSS software version 23.0 and analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients were 39 ± 13 years. Male were reported 447 (59.6%) and female patients were 303 (40.4%). 390 (52%) patients have resided in Industrial areas while 360 (48%) patients were in city areas. The most common symptom was nasal itching 522 (69.6%) followed by rhinorrhea 492 (65%) and nasal discharge 465(62%). Conclusions: It was concluded that allergic rhinitis patients presenting at the ENT outpatient department showed that males were commonly affected with the productive age group 59% of males suffered from Allergic Rhinitis. The most frequent and common symptom was nasal itching (69.6%) followed by rhinorrhea (65%) and nasal discharge (62%).
Frequency of Dry Socket among Patients Undergoing Dental Extractions Presenting to A Teaching Hospital, Rawalpindi
Authors: Khan Nauman Bari , Arsalan Ayesha , Yasir Ayesha , Azhar Muhammad , Ali Misbah , Nawadat Kanza
Published: October 2024

A dry socket, a painful post-extraction complication, occurs when the blood clot at the extraction site is dislodged or fails to form. Understanding its prevalence is crucial for improving outcomes in dental practices. Objective: To determine the frequency of dry sockets in patients undergoing dental extraction. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out and two customized questionnaires were filled out over three months. One questionnaire was for patients undergoing extractions and the other was filled for patients returning with dry sockets. The study included Pakistani individuals with permanent dentition while excluding non-Pakistani individuals, children with deciduous/mixed dentition, and severely immunocompromised patients. Chi-square and Fischer's exact tests were used to compare the frequency of dry sockets between gender and age groups. p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 188 patients, 85 (45.2%) were males and 103 (54.8%) were females. Medically compromised patients comprised 24.5% of the study population. The overall incidence of dry sockets was 9.0%, with a slightly higher occurrence in females (9.7%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p-value=0.802). Smokers demonstrated a higher incidence of dry sockets (23.1%), which was also not statistically significant (p-value=0.099). Medically compromised patients experienced dry sockets at 17.4%, compared to 6.3% in healthy patients, suggesting a trend that did not reach statistical significance (p-value=0.363). Conclusions: It was concluded that identifying high-risk groups and promoting effective prevention and management techniques can reduce the incidence of dry sockets, leading to better outcomes and overall oral health
Perceptions for Utilization of Artificial Intelligence among Early Pediatric Rehabilitation Practitioners: A Survey in Pakistan
Authors: Sadiq Samreen , Rizwan Shazia , Arslan Syed Asadullah , Rabeya . , Qamar Sobia , Shahalam Sobia
Published: October 2024

Integration of Artificial Intelligence in clinical medicine is rapidly expanding, driven by advancements in computing and extensive datasets. Artificial Intelligence is primarily utilized to design diagnostic tools for numerous medical conditions. Objective: To assess perceptions of using Artificial Intelligence among early pediatric rehabilitation practitioners in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from November 2023 to April 2024, targeting young Masters students of Physical Therapy specializing in Pediatric Care and early pediatric therapists across Pakistan. Nonprobability convenience sampling was utilized. Participants were recruited through mailing lists and social media platforms. The anonymous survey collected demographic data and explored participants' knowledge, expected benefits, fears, and practices regarding Artificial Intelligence using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis. Results: A total of 120 participants, with a mean age of 26 years and 70% female representation, completed the survey. Approximately 39.1% had received Artificial Intelligence training during their medical education, and 48.3% had utilized Artificial Intelligence tools during their learning. Key findings included 93.3% believing that Artificial Intelligence will enhance medical training and 60.8% agreeing that Artificial Intelligence will improve healthcare access. Despite positive attitudes towards AI, 54.1% had not utilized AI in their practice, indicating a need for further professional education. Conclusion: It was concluded that the study highlights a generally positive perception of Artificial Intelligence among novice pediatric rehabilitation practitioners in Pakistan but underscores the need for comprehensive AI education and training.
The Impact of School-Based Caries Prevention Programs on DMFT Scores and Oral Health Behaviors in School Children
Authors: Memon Shahzaman , Memon Parveen , Maqbool Ali , Al Absi Mowaffaq Abdullmomen , Irfan Naveed , Memon Zobia Nissa , Ahsan Shaharyar , Ejaz Maheen
Published: October 2024

Oral health promotion is recognized as one of the fundamental components of health-promoting schools. However, few studies have demonstrated the efficacy of supportive school environments for school children’s Oral health. This systematic review evaluates the impact of school-based caries prevention programs on DMFT scores and Oral health behaviours in school children. Objective: To evaluate the impact of school-based caries prevention programs on DMFT Scores and Oral Health Behaviors in school children. Methods: Databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Springer, and Science Direct were searched from January 2009 to February 2024. Prisma guidelines were followed; 1, 950 studies were identified on the first search, titles, and abstracts of 500 papers were screened, 500 full-text papers were screened for eligibility, and 25 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated, relevant information was extracted, and a systematic review was conducted. Twenty-five studies were included in the systematic review. Results: These results indicate the significant role of SCPP among school-going children. Children with school-based caries prevention programs compared to those with no school-based caries prevention programs showed improved DMFT scores, reduced caries increment, healthy oral health behaviours, consistent Oral health hygienic habits, frequent use of flossing, fluoride toothpaste and mouth rinsing, and increased caries prevention knowledge. Conclusions: It was concluded that based on the pooled results, school-based caries prevention programs provide better, easily accessible, and sustainable caries prevention activities to school children to improve DMFT scores and Oral health behaviours.
Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy
Authors: Asghar Sadia , Azmat Saddiqa , Rasheed Saima , Javaid Muhammad Faisal , Maqbool Rimsha , Anwar Maria
Published: October 2024

Anemia in pregnancy was the common nutritional deficiency and a frequent medical concern that leads to numerous known complications, impacting both maternal and fetal health. Objective: To evaluate the biochemical parameters such as serum Iron, Ferritin TIBS and TfS in anemic and non-anemic pregnant women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, pregnant women age 18-45 years attending the gynecological department of Niazi welfare foundation teaching hospital, Sargodha from April 2023 to January 2024 were included. Serum iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation were assessed from blood samples. Independent sample t-test in SPSS version 26.0 was applied to see significant difference in biochemical parameters at value of <0.05. Results: Findings revealed mean hemoglobin level of 10.26 ± 1.52 g/dl in all participants. Anemic results were found in majority, accounting for 268 (70.9%) cases. Among these anemic patients, 149 (55.5%) had mild anemia, 107 (40%) had moderate anemia, and 12 (4.5%) had severe anemia. Anemic patients had significantly lower serum ferritin level (p = 0.02), serum iron (p < 0.001), and transferrin saturation (p < 0.002) than non-anemic patients. Additionally, total iron-binding capacity, (p < 0.001) indicated the anemic status of the pregnant women. Conclusions: Biochemical parameters of pregnant women with anemia were reduced compared to those without anemia. Healthcare providers should closely monitor pregnant women with reduced biochemical levels to prevent complications for both the mother and the fetus.
The Functional Outcome of Patients Treated with Proximal Femoral Nail (Pfn) for Sub Trochanteric Femur Fracture in Ayyub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad
Authors: Younas Muhammad , Shah Syed Usman , Rehman Abidur , Khan Amina Gul Shehzar , Zardad Muhammad Shoaib , Ahmed Shahzad , Kamal Ratib
Published: October 2024

Sub-trochanteric femur fractures are challenging for orthopedic surgeons to fix owing to their location and associated consequences. Different intramedullary and extra-medullary implant stabilization techniques have been explored with varying degrees of effectiveness. Objective: To assess the functional outcomes of proximal femoral nail in patients treated for sub-trochanteric femur fracture. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 28 patients of sub trochanteric femur fracture treated with proximal femoral nail in Orthopedic Unit of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from January 2021 to March 2024. Patients aged≥20 years who suffered from sub-trochanteric femur fracture and fit for surgery were included. All the patients were immobilized before surgery. Skin traction was applied and prepared for surgery. Postoperative outcome was assessed using the Harris hip score. Results: The overall mean age was 56 ± 10.8 years. Out of 28 cases, there were 18 (64.3%) male and 12 (35.7%) female. The overall mean of hospital duration was 14 ± 4.6 days. The majority of patients were 41-60 years old. Postoperative independence of ambulation was assessed in each patient after three, five, and six months. After 5 months, only two patients were unable to move around unassisted. Based on the Harris Hip Score, the incidence of exceptional, good, and fair outcomes was 6 (21.4%), 5 (17.9%), and 17 (60.7%) respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that sub-trochanteric femur fractures can be treated with a proximal femoral implant, which offers advantages in terms of increased stability, quick disposition and minimal exposure.
Clinicopathological Insights to the Nerve Growth Factor NGF Associated Stress Response in Pregnancy and Therapeutic Potential in Fetal Neurodevelopment
Authors: Siddique Tayyaba , Bhutto Sahrish , Syed Naeemullah , Javaid Muhammad Azam , Zubair Ayesha , Tanvir Seemi , Khaliq Haseeb
Published: October 2024

The nerve growth factor has a significant role in fetal neurogenesis and sustaining pregnancy. Objectives: To investigate the effects of nerve growth factor in stress response during pregnancy on developing fetus to bring clinicopathological correlation on the role of nerve growth factor in maternal stress markers (cortisol levels, glucocorticoids, depression, anxiety, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels) and fetal brain development. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, this study was extracted from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Nature, and Google Scholar articles from January 2014 to April 2024. The examination of pregnant women in published research gave a possibility to understand the application of nerve growth factor as a suitable biomarker for brain stress and fetal neuronal development. To exclude studies with lower ranks, each of the selected studies was assessed for adherence to evidence-based research methodology. The studies were taken from China, Europe, America and South Asia (including Pakistan). Results: Increased nerve growth factor levels were associated with maternal stress reactions which caused changes in cortisol levels and the amygdaloidal complex area. However, the increased nerve growth factor level was linked to changes in the fetal brain such as the weight of the fetal brain and stress biomarkers in the amniotic fluid sample inferring a critical role in the modulation of maternal stress on the fetal neurodevelopmental spheres. Conclusions: It was concluded that it is important to note how stress and nerve growth factors interact during pregnancy to create effective interventions to reduce stress dependence for the better health of both the mother and child.
Feto-Maternal Complications of Anticoagulant Use Before and After Childbirth
Authors: Khan Shafia , Parveen Rabia , Faryal Sheeba , Memon Mubeen Ahmed , Liaquat Farah , Khan Urooj Jahan , Kumar Purneet
Published: October 2024

Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting, but their use in pregnancy poses challenges due to bleeding risks, particularly during delivery and postpartum. Objectives: To evaluate the maternal and fetal complications associated with anticoagulant use before and after childbirth, considering the safety and effectiveness of low molecular weight heparin and Warfarin. Methods: A cohort study was conducted at the Tertiary Care Hospital of Sindh, from August 2022 to July 2023. 266 pregnant women were chosen via consecutive sampling. Pregnant women with a gestational age of > 12 weeks, aged 18-35 years probably taking anti-coagulation therapy during pregnancy and puerperium were included in the study. While women suffering from any major systemic illness and women taking any other potential teratogenic drugs were excluded. Results: Maternal complications occurred in 53% of participants, with postpartum hemorrhage being the most frequent (19.9%), significantly higher in the low molecular weight heparin group (p<0.05). Pre-eclampsia affected 10.5% of participants, predominantly in low molecular weight heparin users (p=0.028).  Fetal complications were reported in 59.3% of cases, with intrauterine growth restriction (13.5%) and premature birth (18.0%) being the most common. Stillbirths were more frequent among Warfarin users. Neonatal intensive care admission was required for 11.3% of infants, with low molecular weight heparin exposure showing the highest incidence. Conclusions: It was concluded that low molecular weight heparin was with poor maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, wound hematoma, deep vein thrombosis, and pre-eclampsia, while fetal complications included intrauterine growth restriction, stillbirth, premature birth and low birth weight.
Application of Markov chains to forecasting tasks in sociocenose
Authors: Kurmasheva L. B. , Neradovskaya Y. W. , Kurmashev I. G.
Published: October 2024

Professional development is an important process that affects people's way of life. Supporting students at the moment of choosing a university, during the learning process, can help them make important career decisions and increase their employability. The paper proposes an approach to modeling the behavior of an applicant using Markov chains, and provides some interpretations. The Markov chain is widely used for modeling and analyzing stochastic systems in various fields of science and technology. The results of the study can be useful for the university administration, career consultants when planning career guidance activities.
A case study on love motif of the Kazakh historical legends
Authors: Leontyeva A. Yu. , Agibayeva S. S.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the article is to analyze the functions of love motif in the plot structure of Kazakh legends and systematize the texts according to the degree of its expression and plot-forming function. Using eight texts as an example, historical legends with a rudimentary and expanded love theme are separated, the specificity of a romance conflict and its role in oral narrative are defined. The national system of values is described. A conclusion is made about the integration of interethnic communication in historical legends, genre and content originality of modern Kazakh legends.
Study of germination of collection samples of wild flora of Astana botanical garden
Authors: Baibossynova S. M. , Mukhtubayeva S. K. , Khalymbetova A. E. , Zhumagul M. Zh.
Published: October 2024

The present study is devoted to the main tasks of seed bank laboratories, among which the formation, study and conservation of seed collections of both natural and introduced flora of Central and Northern Kazakhstan are emphasized. This work emphasizes the importance of maintaining optimal conditions for seed collection in these regions, which is a key aspect for successful seed management, conservation and restoration of plant communities. Expedition trips, conducted annually between July and September, are synchronized with the growing seasons of the plants and take into account weather conditions that directly affect the efficiency of seed collection.

During such visits, 56 forms of wild flora were collected, mainly on the territory of the Kokchetavskaya Upland, Central-Kazakhstan shallow meadow and Akmola region, including Shortanda district, as well as in the unique ecosystems of SNPP “Burabai” and the vicinity of Makinki village. The collected genetic material plays a key role in biodiversity conservation and can be used for further scientific research as well as for practical needs related to ecosystem restoration.

As part of this work, a laboratory study was also conducted to investigate the viability of the selected seeds. The results of the study will help to further understand the characteristics and factors that determine the viability of seeds of different forms, which is crucial for their subsequent use in botanical collections. This study emphasizes the relevance of the selected topic, as well as the importance of conservation and management of seed resources in conditions of ecological vulnerability, which is of significant importance for sustainable environmental protection and conservation of plant diversity in Central and Northern Kazakhstan.
AUMENTO DA OBESIDADE INFANTIL E SEUS PRINCIPAIS FATORES DETERMINANTES
Authors: Rodrigues Jose Ricardo Santos Lobato , Nunes Nathalia Ferreira , Lima Lillian Tavares de , Figueiredo Ronildo Oliveira
Published: October 2024

A obesidade infantil constitui uma preocupação de saúde pública crescente, resultado do acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal, afetando um número crescente de crianças e adolescentes obesas, especialmente no Brasil. Em 2017, cerca de 9,4% das meninas e 12,4% dos meninos no Brasil apresentavam obesidade. Esta condição é influenciada por fatores genéticos, comportamentais, sociais e ambientais, incluindo uma dieta prejudicial, sedentarismo e uma influência da mídia. O consumo excessivo de alimentos ultraprocessados ​​e a falta de atividade física são os principais fatores que alertam para o aumento da obesidade. A família, especialmente a figura materna, desempenha um papel essencial na formação dos hábitos alimentares das crianças, enquanto o ambiente escolar é igualmente vital na prevenção da obesidade, por meio da educação nutricional e da promoção de atividades físicas. Além disso, fatores socioeconômicos exercem uma influência significativa, com famílias de maior poder aquisitivo tendo acesso a uma gama mais ampla de alimentos, muitas vezes menos saudáveis. A obesidade infantil está associada a doenças, como diabetes tipo 2, e problemas emocionais, incluindo baixa autoestima e depressão. A pandemia de COVID-19 exacerbou esses problemas, elevando o sedentarismo e o consumo de alimentos não saudáveis. Para enfrentar a obesidade infantil, é crucial uma mobilização colaborativa entre famílias, instituições educacionais e políticas públicas, promovendo hábitos saudáveis ​​e um estilo de vida ativo. A sensibilização sobre a relevância de uma dieta equilibrada deve ser uma prioridade para garantir um futuro mais saudável para as próximas gerações.
EDUCAÇÃO EM ÁREAS DE ASSENTAMENTOS MST/ES: DESAFIOS À EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL
Authors: Silva Gildete Rosa da , Nunes Isabel Matos
Published: October 2024

Objetiva compreender a educação especial na interface com a educação do campo, buscando  identificar os  desafios e as possibilidades para a garantia do acesso e continuidade da escolarização dos educandos e educandas públicos da Educação Especial que residem nos assentamentos de Reforma agrária MST-ES. A partir de contribuições do Movimento Sem Terra e de pesquisas no ambito da educação enquanto direito articulada com a educação especial, buscamos evidenciar as pesquisas realizadas no estado do ES que discutem a educação no/do MST na perspectiva da garantia do direito, tendo em vista a luta pela terra, a Reforma Agrária e a transformação social. Nesse contexto destacamos documentos que serão analisados, tais como: Politica Nacional de Educação Especial na perspectiva da educação inclusiva (Brasil, 2008), Diretrizes da Educação do Campo (Brasil, 2002), Diretrizes Estaduais de Educação e Orientações da SEDU para a Educação Especial e produções do MST; estabelecendo interlocuções com o pensamento de Freire, Ponzo, Caldart e  França. Diante do conjunto das produções estudadas identificamos como principal desafio a garantia de políticas vigentes da educação especial em sua totalidade. Ainda assim, percebe-se que após muitas mobilizações ao longo dos 38 anos da educação do MST/ES as escolas de Assentamentos tem sinalizado, ainda que de forma gradativa, a possibilidade de forjar o  acesso a essas políticas públicas tendo como pano de fundo a Educação Especial.
ENTRE VENDAVAIS E PAIXÕES: A JORNADA DE AMOR EM O MORRO DOS VENTOS UIVANTES
Authors: Nunes Maria Cicera , Melo Neto Moisés Monteiro de
Published: October 2024

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o clássico literário da escritora inglesa Emily Brontë, sob a perspectiva de crítica literária, isto é, o estudo, discussão, avaliação e interpretação da obra. Tendo como fundamentação os estudos de Peterson (2003); Davies (1999); Mendes (1959), dentre outros. Nota-se na literatura inglesa um padrão de relações coloniais repetitivos, excepcionalmente em meados de 1847, ano da publicação da obra O morro dos ventos uivantes, enaltecendo os ingleses e sua cultura, desqualificando os povos de pele escura e suas respectivas culturas. Tais povos são representados de forma preconceituosa sob o domínio do imperialismo inglês. O romance de Brontë subverte esse tipo de representação porque o protagonista trata-se de um cigano estrangeiro, Heathcliff, que consegue reverter às relações socioeconômicas impostas por seus opressores, os ingleses que o rodeiam, e, conseguintemente, subjuga-os de maneira análoga à sua própria experiência. Nesta obra destaca-se o seu caráter subversivo, porque a narrativa ocorre na Inglaterra, o que concretiza ao feito de Heathcliff um valor significativo, visto que ele tem sucesso em relação a algo que despertava grande receio para os ingleses: serem vítimas das forças de raças escuras em seu próprio território, a Inglaterra.