bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Prevalence and Estimation of Monetary Loss of Hydatidosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Bedeno Municipal Abattoir, East Hararghe, Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Medicine, Bedeno Woreda Municipal Abattoir, East Hararghe, Ethiopia and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box. 378, Jimma, Ethiopia, Ame Mohammedkemal M.
Published: January 2022

Aim This study was conducted by using the protocols of standard meat inspection (visual, palpation and incision) to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors and to estimate the economic loss in cattle slaughtered at Bedeno Municipal Abattoir, Eastern Hararghe, Ethiopia. Method A cross-section study design was conducted from February 2020 to November 2020, to determine the prevalence and its associated risk factors of bovine hydatidosis is taking animal origin, sex and age and body condition as risk factors. Results From A total of 355 cattle examined using the protocol of standard meat inspection, 99(27.8%) of them are found positive to hydatid cysts. The prevalence of cattle hydatidosis based on animal origin was highest in older cattle 89(29.47%) than young 10(18.89%). Regarding body condition, score to significance variation was observed, as the prevalence was 41.89% for poor cattle followed by medium 24.07% and good 24.37%. Of the total 99 infected, 41(11.55%) of animals were infected in their lungs with only hydatid cysts and 24(6.76%) were infected in their liver, but the rest animals had multiple organ infections, 34(9.58%). Considering the current result, the total annual economic loss from organ condemnation and carcass weight loss due to bovine hydatidosis at Bedeno Municipal Abattoir was estimated at 6,671,803.8 Ethiopian birr (ETB). Conclusion This study reveals that cattle hydatidosis was a high prevalence diseases in the study area and needs paucity of information on control and prevention. The cattle owners to be educated and awareness programmes to be conducted about the diseases.
Review on Leptospirosis and its Public Health Significance
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Medicine, Bedeno Woreda Veterinary Clinic, East Hararghe, Ethiopia and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Ethiopia P. O. Box. 138, Haramaya, Ethiopia, Ame Mohammedkemal M.
Published: January 2022

Leptospirosis is the most widespread and most prevalent zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira bacteria this is pathogenic Gramnegative bacteria, the disease leptospirosis a zoonotic disease of global importance. It caused by various serovars of leptospira interrogans that belong to the genus Leptospira. Besides leptospira interrogans is the most serovars like the disease occurs in nearly all mammalian species. The highest burden in low-income both found in urban and in rural environments. Rodents are known as the main reservoir animals, However, all animals are reservoir include human so leptospirosis is more common in the tropical regions rather than subtropics because of the longer survival of the organism in the environment and frequent exposure of animals and humans to contaminated environments. Direct transmission to humans by broken skin and mucous membranes exposed to the urine of infected animals. While the clinical signs of leptospirosis do not vary greatly with the species of animals include laboratory tests. Control and prevention is sanitary measures, vaccination, quarantine and rodent control are the most important control measures of the disease, require elimination of the carrier state, maintenance of environmental condition and immunization of the animal, tropical areas where warm humid conditions and alkaline or neutral soil helps leptospira survive better.
Efficient Vortex-assisted Extraction of Phorbol Esters from Jatropha Leaves and Correlation Between Leaves and Seeds in Phorbol EstersContent
Authors: Zimila Hercílio E. , Mandlate Jaime S. , Ngovene Tercina P. , Nakao Motoyuki , Uamusse Amália A.
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT This work aimed to optimise and validate the vortex-assisted extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) method to quantify phorbol esters (PEs) in Jatropha leaves. Additionally, to evaluate the correlation between PEs content in leaves and seeds. The results of PEs content were expressed as equivalent of the major Jatropha phorbol ester, 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol-4'-[12',14'-butadienyl]-6'-[16',18',20'-nonatrienyl]-bicyclo[3.1.0]-hexane-(13-O)-2'-[carboxylate]-(16-O)-3'-]8'-butenoic-10']ate (DHPB) . One-variable-at-time strategy and 25-1V factorial fractional design were employed to determine the effects of solvent type, volume, stirring frequency, extraction time and cycles on yield. The quantification was performed using HPLC-UV. The optimum conditions were three extractions with 2% tetrahydrofuran:dichloromethane (1:1) in methanol (THF:DCM/MeOH). The sample:solvent ratio was 1 mg:25 μL, and the vortex stirring was 2200 rpm for 5 minutes. The method showed good linearity (R2 0.999), recoveries (97 to 105%), selectivity and repeatability (RSD 1.93-7.95%). In addition, good limits of detection and quantification of 2.19 and 6.65 ng μL"1, respectively, were noted. DHPB content in leaves and seeds ranged from 0.01 to 0.38 mg g"1 and 0.41 to 1.82 mg g"1, respectively. There is a statistically significant and positive linear relationship between leaves and seeds for DHPB content. These results may have practical application in analysing and predicting the amount of PEs in Jatropha leaves for environmental safety studies and the selection of better varieties for genetic improvement. Keywords: correlation, Jatropha leaves; Jatropha seeds; phorbol esters; vortex-assisted.
Language in the context of South African workplace discrimination law
Authors: Louw Andre
Published: January 2022

This contribution considers the role of language as a prohibited ground of unfair discrimination in the workplace in South Africa, an area of law that has been somewhat neglected in the literature to date. It starts by setting out the constitutional and legislative framework for the protection of language rights and the prohibition of unfair discrimination based on language as a listed ground. It then, with brief comparative reference to other prominent jurisdictions, explains the potential ways in which an employer may unfairly discriminate against employees based on language, following which it considers the potential grounds for justification of language-based discrimination in the workplace. After consideration of the sparse case law on the topic in South Africa, it highlights a few specific issues regarding language and workplace discrimination, before concluding with some thoughts on potential future developments.
Determinants of career development self-efficacy: The role of self-directed learning among students at a rural campus in South Africa
Authors: StywayiI Z , ChinyamurindiII W , Shava H
Published: January 2022

There is a call for studies that explore the concept of career development self-efficacy among people in rural contexts. In this study, we explored the determinants of student career development self-efficacy in a rural context. We were guided by the literature and explored the role of self-directed learning consisting of three sub-scales, namely a) self-management, b) desire for learning, and c) self-control. We sought to ascertain how the three elements of self-directed learning influence student career development self-efficacy. We adopted a quantitative research approach and designed our study as survey research. We used a convenience sample of 150 students enrolled at a rural campus in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data was analysed in our seeking to generate descriptive and inferential statistics. For the latter, we used simple linear regression tests. The findings show that self-management, desire for learning, and self-control influence career development self-efficacy. We therefore recommend, based on the findings of this research, the implementation of interventions that assist the students and those working in institutions of higher learning to develop competencies and environments in which career development self-efficacy thrives.
A new bee genus from the pampas of eastern Argentina, with appended notes on the classification of “paracolletines” (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Gonzalez Victor
Published: January 2022

A new genus and species are described and figured from the eastern pampas of Tandil, Argentina. Aenarete roigi Engel & Gonzalez, new genus and species, is quite similar to Spinolapis Moure (here used in a restricted sense), occurring in southern Chile, and particularly Patagoniapis Engel, new genus (type species: Pasiphae cyanea Cockerell) from further southward in Argentina (Rio Negro to Tierra del Fuego). The genus is distinguished from these two genera and other South American “paracolletines”. Given the employment of different concepts for “paracolletine” genera herein and in recent published works relative to the classification outlined by Michener, a revised key to these groups is appended based on the genera as envisioned by the authors. This necessitates making available the following new taxa (eight new subtribes, 20 new genera, 13 new subgenera): Aageocolletes Engel, new genus; Aglaocolletes Engel, new genus; Asciocolletes Engel, new genus; Baeocolletina Engel, new subtribe; Bicolletopsis Engel, new subgenus of Bicolletes Friese; Calloproctus Engel, new genus; Chilicolletina Engel, new subtribe; Chrysopasiphae Engel, new genus; Conospermapis Engel, new genus; Cyanopasiphae Engel, new subgenus of Bicolletes; Cygnella Engel, new subgenus of Euryglossidia Cockerell; Cyranocolletes Engel, new genus; Damocrateia Engel, new genus; Donovanapis, new subgenus of Leioproctus Smith; Eremocolletes Engel, new genus; Erythropasiphae Engel, new subgenus of Bicolletes; Hexaproctus Engel, new genus; Houstoniella Engel, new subgenus of Eremocolletes; Kanakapis Engel, new subgenus of Lamprocolletes Smith; Leucopasiphae Engel, new subgenus of Perditomorpha Ashmead; Lonchorhynchina Engel & Gonzalez, new subtribe; Manocolletes Engel, new subgenus of Euryglossidia; Machaerocolletes Engel, new genus; Maoricolletes Engel, new subgenus of Leioproctus; Maynardapis Engel, new genus; Nanopasiphae Engel, new genus; Niltoniina Engel, new subtribe; Notinopasiphae Engel, new subgenus of Euryglossidia; Packercolletes Engel, new genus; Perditomorphina Engel, new subtribe; Phenacolletina Engel, new subtribe; Rhamphocolletes Engel, new genus; Ruzopria Engel, new subgenus of Belopria Moure; Sarocolletidion Engel, new genus; Spinolapina Engel, new subtribe; Sthenele Engel, new genus; Stilbopasiphae Engel, new genus; Stoclele Engel, new subgenus of Lamprocolletes; Torocolletina Engel, new subtribe; Walkerapis Engel, new genus; Zyzzocolletes Engel, new genus.
A method of processing aerial photography materials for building a georeferenced orthomosaic of the terrain from a television camera of the unmanned aerial vehicle DJI Phantom 4 PRO
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Russian Federation, Zakhlebin Alexander S.
Published: January 2022

The article presents a method for photogrammetric processing of aerial photographs from a DJI Phantom 4 Pro UAV with a geodetic receiver on board. The processing method allows building digital terrain models with an accuracy of 0.1 m.
Development of the laboratory bench for studying intrusion detection systems
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Kukushkina Nadezhda , Novokhrestov Aleksey ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

The research object of this article is network-based and host-based intrusion detection systems. The aim of the study is to obtain an overview of intrusion detection systems, as well as to build a constructive version of a virtual laboratory bench intended for teaching students (studying the test characteristics of intrusion detection systems). The article provides a brief reference on intrusion detection systems, taking into account the classification by the method of monitoring and the technology of detecting attacks. Today, intrusion detection system is a necessary element of a comprehensive network protection system for both small and large organizations. They improve network security by protecting against external and internal intruders. Therefore, the need to acquire skills in installing, configuring and administering intrusion detection systems is an important part of training information security specialists, which necessitates continuous updating and modernization of training tools. In this paper, we propose a virtual laboratory bench designed to study intrusion detection systems. Its architecture and functioning parameters are described. In order to select an intrusion detection system for a virtual laboratory bench, a comparative analysis of free and commercial intrusion detection systems on the market was carried out. Network-based and host-based intrusion detection systems were considered separately. For both types, their advantages and disadvantages are described. As a result, the functions and operation mechanism are described for the intrusion detection system selected based on the analysis results. In addition, examples of custom rules for handling security events are discussed.
Application of SDR (Software Defined Radio) technology for recovery of signals of side electromagnetic radiation of video tract
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Ivanov Andrey , Ognev Igor ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Nikitina Elizaveta ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Merkulov Lev ,   Moscow Aviation Institute, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

This article presents the results of recovering signals of spurious electromagnetic radiation of a video path using an SDR receiver. This work demonstrates the existence of a potential risk of leakage of confidential information through a technical channel of information leakage due to spurious electromagnetic radiation of a video path, bypassing traditional cryptographic and physical methods of information protection. An attack can be carried out by an attacker without special technical knowledge and special professional expensive equipment. The presented stand makes it possible to simplify research related to spurious electromagnetic radiation, as well as to apply this technology to build a learning process in this domain. In the course of the work, a description of the concept of a technical channel of information leakage and a brief description of the side electromagnetic radiation of the video path are given. The following briefly describes the SDR technology, the selected USRP B210 receiver, and the cross-platform open source GNU Radio software package. The demonstration stand is described in detail and the results of image reconstruction are given. In addition, two stages of the development of a demonstration stand are considered: using a simulation signal and a real intercepted signal. A demonstration stand with simulation signals serves to develop a user's understanding of the properties of spurious electromagnetic radiation, as well as possible obstacles to converting an intercepted signal into an image. The studies of the real intercepted signal were carried out on a monitor with a set resolution of 1280×1024 and a screen refresh rate of 60 Hz. An analog VGA (Video Graphics Array) interface was used to connect the monitor. The dependence of the quality of the reconstructed image on the set sampling frequency of the SDR receiver is shown.
Knowledge management for effective and ethical management of public schools: Perspectives from South Africa
Authors: ROMM Norma , NKAMBULE Bongani
Published: January 2022

In this article, we consider the instituting of effective and ethical knowledge management in the arena of public schooling, with reference to a multiple case study involving three schools in Emalahleni Circuit 1, 2 and 3 in South Africa. Teachers, HoDs, administrative clerks, and principals (20 participants altogether) were interviewed in depth concerning their understandings of knowledge management. We explicate Nonaka and colleagues’ model of knowledge management, which they developed to apply to business and public organizations and which is considered seminal in the literature on knowledge management. It is tied to (Japanese) principles of ba – where people recognize their occupation of a shared space with others. We relate this model to a discussion on the applicability of the African concept of Ubuntu to the knowledge management practices in the selected public schools. We use these cases to consider Ubuntu-directed knowledge management as a process of developing sharedness of purpose among the stakeholders within the schools (internal stakeholders) and outside thereof (in the wider community and society). We indicate to what extent and in what ways the participants experienced knowledge management in this way
The Effect of Animation-Based Worked Examples Supported with Augmented Reality on the Academic Achievement, Attitude and Motivation of Students towards Learning Programming
Authors: CEVAHİR Hakan , ÖZDEMİR Muzaffer , BATURAY Meltem Huri
Published: January 2022

This study examines the effect of using animation-based worked examples (ARAWEs) that are prepared using Augmented Reality (AR) technology instead of using traditional paper-based worked examples (TWEs) on the achievement, motivation, and attitude of high school students during their programming education. The research was designed through the “Nonequivalent Control Group Model”, one of the quasi-experimental models. The participants consisted of second year students (N=94) who were taking the “Basics of Programming” course in the Department of Information Technologies a vocational and technical Anatolian high school in Turkey. An achievement test was applied to the participants as pre-test and final test. Motivation of the students was measured by means of the “Instructional Materials Motivation Survey” developed by Kutu and Sözbilir (2011), and participant attitudes towards using AR was measured by means of the “AR Attitude Scale” developed by Küçük, Yılmaz, Baydaş and Göktaş (2014). According to the results, both the achievement and motivation levels of the students studying on ARAWEs increased significantly compared to those studying on TWEs. There was a high level of correlation between the final test scores and the attitude levels of the students studying on ARAWEs. Considering that instructional materials containing animation-based worked examples prepared using AR technology increase students' interest and motivation in the subject, their use in lessons that include teaching problem solving skills, such as mathematics, physics, and chemistry, can be implemented in future studies.
Цифровая культура в сетевом обществе: социально-философский анализ
Authors:   Университет ИТМО, Елькина Е.Е.
Published: January 2022

Статья посвящена социально-философскому анализу становления сетевого общества и роли цифровой культуры как нормативно-этического регулятора социальных отношений в условиях глобализации и виртуализации социальных коммуникаций. Представлен анализ причин перехода информационного общества в сетевое в результате цифровой революции, развития Интернет и NBICS-конвергентных технологий, формирующих информационную инфраструктуру сетевого общества, способствующую виртуализации социальных коммуникаций. Рассматриваются положительные и отрицательные факторы влияния глобализирующихся социальных сетевых коммуникаций на формирование нового социального порядка, децентрализацию власти, формирование моделей и практик цифровой культуры. В статье представлен анализ понятия и основных подходов к исследованию цифровой культуры, рассматривается проблема интеграции практик цифровой культуры и традиционных форм культуры в становлении сетевого общества как условие стабильности социальной системы.
Информационная этика современного общества
Authors:   Университет ИТМО, Толстикова И.И.
Published: January 2022

Рассматриваются актуальные инфоэтические проблемы, обусловленные разрывом между этическими принципами виртуальных коммуникаций и классическими морально-этическими нормами. Влияние высоких технологий глобальной коммуникации на все сферы развития общества, в том числе на социокультурную сферу, обуславливает возрастающую потребность в этической верификации коммуникаций в виртуальном пространстве, новой информационной этике, в связи с расширением операционных возможностей и информационной мобильностью. Определяются границы поля межкультурной инфоэтики как с точки зрения наличествующих культурных традиций, восприятия инфокоммуникационных технологий различными культурами, так и с учетом межкультурных аспектов свободной глобальной коммуникации. Исследуются причины недостаточности цифровой компетентности детей, рассматривается влияние цифровой среды на становление личности.
The Gender Wage Gap in Peru: Drivers, Evolution, and Heterogeneities
Authors: Vaccaro Giannina , Basurto Maria Pia , Beltrán Arlette , Montoya Mariano
Published: January 2022

Despite the recent economic growth and gender equality improvement in educational attainment, important gender disparities remain in the Peruvian labour market. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Peruvian gender wage gap evolution during 2007–2018 and identifies key elements that explain its patterns. First, the article shows that the raw wage gap showed an upward trend between 2007–2011, ranging from 6% to 12%, and remaining around that top bound ever since. Second, using Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition we find that the unexplained wage gap has remained virtually unchanged at around 17% during the study period. Reductions in endowment differences between men and women coupled with a stagnant unexplained gap led to slightly larger raw wage gaps over time. Moreover, the stagnant unexplained gap suggests the presence of structural problems regarding social norms, gender stereotyping and potential discrimination that affects the wage gap. Third, we show that both at a national and regional level, gender wage gaps are larger within the lowest percentiles, and they mostly have a downward slope across the earnings distribution. Finally, after computing the raw and unexplained gap at the region‐year level, we show that smaller regional gender gaps are associated with (a) higher GDP, (b) lower levels of domestic physical violence against women, and (c) lower percentages of women as household heads.
Application of Binary Genetic Algorithm for Holographic Vascular Mimicking Phantom Reconstruction
Authors: ONUR Tuğba Özge , USTABAS KAYA Gülhan
Published: January 2022

Since medical imaging is one of the essential methods for the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases, the characterization and calibration of medical imaging systems with low-cost equipment is the most crucial issue. In this context, tissue-mimicking phantoms have long been used for this purpose. The advantage of phantoms is that, in addition to the desired size and internal properties, they can be produced in a way that best carries the characteristic properties of tissue models and can be standardized so that they can be used in imaging environments. For this reason, it is important to make low-cost phantom designs produced from materials that are easy to shape and available and to ensure that they can be imaged with high quality. In this study, digital holography and binary genetic algorithm (BGA) were used to reconstruct the images of phantoms that mimic the human vascular system produced at a low cost. The obtained results showed that BGA can be used as an alternative to the reconstruction methods commonly used in digital holography. Since BGA provides an alternative solution to obtain the image with high resolution in the reconstruction process without any image processing algorithm, it enables the diagnosis of diseases related to thin vascular structures in real-time with a reliable and non-contact method.
Biochemical parameters of the functional state liver in patients with hepatitis Under conditions of SARS-CoV-2 coinfection
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Krenytska D. , Rachkovska A. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Savchuk O. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Karbovskiy V. ,   LLC "Biopharma plazma"
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic started at the end of 2019 in China. It is spreading to all continents in a few months and continuing to this day. It shows a serious threat to the healthcare system around the world, because it is necessary to provide intensive care to a previously unthinkable number of patients. Although SARS-CoV-2 causes damage to the respiratory system, research shows that COVID-19 is a hidden enemy for our body, as a result of which other organs also suffer, in particular the liver. In the literature, over a short period of the pandemic, little scientific information has accumulated regarding changes in the biochemical parameters of the liver during the development of COVID-19. Our study focused on the clinical diagnosis of patients suffering from hepatitis B and infected with SARS-CoV-2, additionally, a study was conducted of persons suffering from COVID-19 and patients with the development of hepatitis B, and a comparison of the study groups was carried out to identify relationships. links between SARSCoV- 2 infection and HBV progression. We found that in patients with hepatitis B with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, significant deviations from the physiological norm of such parameters of liver functioning as ALT, AST, total and direct bilirubin, were observed, however, such indicators as GGT were in the limit values of the norm. and alkaline phosphatase. Our study demonstrates the need for careful monitoring of patients with hepatitis B with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, and it is also recommended to conduct additional clinical diagnosis of such groups of patients to identify other parameters of pathological conditions and to improve diagnostic/treatment approaches in high-risk groups of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Stress Interactions between an Interplate Thrust Earthquake and an Intraplate Strike-Slip Event: A Case Study of 2018 Mw 7.9 Gulf of Alaska Earthquake
Authors: Huang Luyuan , Tao Tao , Gao Rui , Shi Yaolin
Published: January 2022

Most major earthquakes that have occurred in Alaska are related to rupture of the megathrust along the Alaska–Aleutian subduction zone. Large intraplate earthquakes in the oceanic lithosphere are rare. Recently, one large intraplate earthquake occurred near the Alaska subduction zone: the Mw 7.9 Gulf of Alaska earthquake (23 January 2018). The stress interaction between interplate megathrust and intraplate earthquake has been of interest because it helps to understand stress transfer and seismic hazard estimation. To explore the phenomenon of stress transfer, a viscoelastic spherical finite-element-method model accounting for topographic relief and lateral viscosity variations was used to calculate time-dependent stress transfer associated with the 1964 Mw 9.2 Alaska earthquake. We used postseismic Global Positioning System measurements to probe the differences in rheological properties between the continental mantle and oceanic mantle. The best-fitting model determined the viscosities of the continental mantle and oceanic mantle to be 3×1019 and 1×1020  Pa·s, respectively. Then, we calculated the viscoelastic stress transfers based on this viscosity structure. Because of viscoelastic stress loading associated with the 1964 Alaska earthquake, the ΔCFS values on the 2018 Alaska earthquake rupture fault exceeded the threshold (0.01 MPa) for triggering earthquakes.
Academic dishonesty based on religiosity among Muslim students in Indonesia
Authors: Herdian Herdian , Mildaeni Itsna Nurrahma
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Unethical behavior in higher education is often found in the form of academic dishonesty. We conducted a study of academic dishonesty by involving the religiosity variable which characterizes Indonesia as a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. Methodology: The study participants were 142 Muslim students from various faculties. Data collection tools using The Centrality of Religiosity Scale-CRS15 and the scale of academic dishonesty from Ampuni (2019). Results and discussion: Showed that there was a significant effect of religiosity on academic dishonesty with a R2 value of 0.099, meaning that the religiosity variable could affect the academic dishonesty variable by 9.9% (0.099). Conclusions: We also present a discussion of the religiosity that affects unethical behavior and discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this finding.
Actitudes humanistas y entrevista social: un estudio de caso
Authors: Fernandez Poncela Anna María
Published: January 2022

Introducción: Este texto es una aproximación a la experiencia de la entrevista como técnica de investigación social aplicada y el desarrollo de las actitudes humanistas. El objetivo es reflexionar en torno a la entrevista, con especial énfasis, no tanto en el aspecto metodológico y el aprendizaje de la técnica como tal, como en su aspecto relacional, humano y social. Metodología: Para ello se contempla la opinión de un grupo de estudiantes universitarios formándose en investigación social, y con objeto de complementar se presenta también el testimonio de las personas entrevistadas. Se cuenta así con un acercamiento amplio a la experiencia de la aplicación de entrevistas, ya que entrevistadores y entrevistados aportan su percepción y valoración, si bien el análisis gira en torno a las actitudes de quien aplica la entrevista. Resultados y discusión: Entre los resultados destaca la actitud humanista de las personas entrevistadoras en general y la valoración positiva sobre ese punto según las entrevistadas. Conclusiones: Se puede decir que se observa autenticidad, escucha, aceptación, empatía, confianza, comodidad e incluso agradecimiento.
La planificación curricular: Punto de partida del trabajo pedagógico
Authors: González Alfaro Riky Frank
Published: January 2022

Introducción: La planificación curricular representa un factor clave para la dinámica educativa, específicamente en los procesos de mediación didáctica-pedagógica. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente artículo es analizar críticamente la producción intelectual y conocer la importancia que tiene la planificación curricular en el logro de aprendizajes significativos en los estudiantes: Metodología: Análisis y discusión bibliográfica que permite sistematizar artículos teóricos y empíricos sobre el tema, donde se considera la revisión de 4 libros de referencia, 16 artículos científicos obtenidos de revistas indexadas en Scielo, Scopus, Redalyc, 6 documentos normativos sobre la educación básica regular y 7 tesis doctorales que abordan la planificación curricular como eje central del trabajo pedagógico. Resultados y Discusión: Se evidencia que la planificación curricular conduce al maestro y sus estudiantes al éxito, al logro de los aprendizajes, y específicamente en los estudiantes al desarrollo de las competencias requeridas para que puedan enfrentar diversas situaciones complejas en su vida diaria. Conclusiones: Es importante que el docente durante la etapa de planificación considere las características del estudiante, así como sus necesidades de aprendizaje, intereses particulares y las particularidades del contexto.
Comparative diagnostic value of GeneXpert MTB/RIF, PCR targeting IS6110 and culture for the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis
Authors:   Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia, Ismiarto Y.D. , Ramdan A. ,   Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia, Sudjana D.P.P. ,   Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia, Rahim A.H. ,   Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia, Hadar A.K. ,   Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Introduction Spinal tuberculosis is an extra-pulmonary tuberculosis infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) which affects the vertebrae. Culture test is the «gold standard» diagnostic method, but it takes a long time. PCR is a method of a shorter time than the culture test, so it can be an alternative diagnostic method for MTB. Materials and Methods This study is a cross-sectional study. The data were analyzed with diagnostic tests on patients with suspected spinal tuberculosis who performed surgery in Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Bandung. Clinical examinations and diagnostic examinations were done in 40 patients and surgery was performed to obtain samples from the spinal cord and the infected tissue. GeneXpert, PCR targeting IS6110 and culture tests were performed. The research was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology and the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of FK UNPAD/RSHS from September 2019 to September 2020. Results GeneXpert assay compared with culture tests as the standard diagnostic method showed sensitivity of 96.67 %; specificity of 90.00 %; positive predictive value 96.67 %; and a negative predictive value of 90.00 %, with an accuracy of 95.00 %. The PCR targeting IS6110 against culture showed that the sensitivity of MTB bacterial infection was 93.33 %, the specificity was 80.00 %, the positive predictive value was 93.33 %, the negative predictive value was 80.00 %, and the accuracy was 90.00 %. Conclusion This study concluded that the GeneXpert MTB/RIF RT-PCR assay has a high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy compared to PCR targeting IS6110 in examining tissue samples in patients with spinal TB.
Artificial intelligence for predicting various conditions in spine surgery: a systematic review
Authors:   National Priorov Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pereverzev V.S. , Kazmin A.I. ,   National Priorov Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sazhnev M.L. ,   National Priorov Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Panteleev A.A. ,   National Priorov Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kolesov S.V. ,   National Priorov Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) includes software systems combined with applied methods and algorithms which main feature is the ability to solve intellectual problems. One of the most popular trend of AI application is the prognosis of various situations, evaluation of any digital information with an attempt to give a conclusion and analysis of different data with a search for hidden patterns. Study design Systematic review. Purpose To assess current possibilities of artificial intelligence (AI) for predicting unfavorable conditions in spine surgery that require medical care, and future development prospects in this area. Materials and methods Until June 2020 we performed a search using the Protocol (PRISMA) "Preferred Reporting Parameters for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes" and keywords for articles in Medline, Scopus and eLIBRARY intended to summarize the available data on algorithms for predicting any pathological conditions in spine surgery that require medical intervention using artificial intelligence technologies. Results 20 publications were selected for systematic review, which presented data on the application of artificial intelligence, machine learning and neural networks to predict any condition in spine surgery. According to the review, the data obtained indicate that AI can be successfully used to optimize prognosis in various diseases of the spine. Therefore, the application of AI in the clinical practice of the spine surgeons can improve treatment results. Conclusion The promotion of artificial intelligence application in medicine is inevitable. Currently AI shows good results in the area of making clinical decisions by the surgeons and the ability to predict treatment results depending on certain factors. It is imperative that spinal surgeons should realize the potential of these new technologies. Nevertheless, some factors that determine the clinical application of artificial intelligence, i.e. the ability to consider the context of a patient's history, are difficult to calculate mathematically and, so far, are difficult for an algorithmic approach. Eventually, the doctors will continue to play a vital role in patients’ treatment, and artificial intelligence will not depreciate their clinical skills, but make them even more important.
Disaster, disruption and disability- a multi-center parental survey of the mental health impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children with and without disabilities in India
Authors: Sengupta Koyeli , McGowan Jo Chopra , Desouza Nandita , Nagesh Shubha , Goel Richa , Sinha Namya
Published: January 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the pediatric population worldwide, with Children with developmental disabilities (CwDD) being particularly vulnerable. Data on the magnitude of the impact of the pandemic on children in India, particularly CwDD is much needed. The aim of the study was to explore parental perceptions of the impact of the COVID lockdown on daily behaviors and mental health outcomes of Typically developing children (TDC) compared to CwDD.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 708 parents of CwDD and TDC (age 2-18 years) in three centers in northern and western India, using an adapted version of the CoRonavIruS health and Impact Survey (CRISIS) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, 2-sample t-tests, and linear regression models were analyzed.Results: Opportunities to step out reduced equally for both CwDD and TDC (p>0.05), while social isolation was perceived more negatively (p<0.001) by TDC. Family’s exposure to COVID was significantly lower (p=0.01) for CwDD, while financial stress due to COVID-19 was reported by both groups (p>0.05). Although composite scores for mental health during the pandemic were not significantly different between CwDD and TDC, parents reported worsening of children’s mental health outcomes with 18.29% CwDD and 25.48% TDC as sad, 28.99% CwDD, and 32.03% TDC as anxious, 56.33% CwDD and 51.78% TDC as irritable and 40.47% CwDD and 38.08% TDC as distracted.Conclusions: As per parental perceptions, mental health outcomes of CwDD and TDC have deteriorated similarly during the lockdown. However, the implications may be more severe for CwDD whose levels of independence, opportunities for participation, and mental health status were lower even pre-COVID.
Inappropriate feeding practices as a risk factor for severe acute malnutrition in children aged between one month to five years: a case control study
Authors: H. Deepak D.
Published: January 2022

Background: In developing country like India, inappropriate feeding practices like lack of exclusive breastfeeding, early or late introduction of complimentary diet, lack of direct breastfeeding, prelacteal feed, bottle feeding are the major risk factors for development of severe acute malnutrition in children aged between one month to five years.Methods: It was a case control study, 109 children aged between one month to five years with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) who fulfilled the WHO criteria for SAM admitted to KIMS Hubli were taken as cases and 109 children aged between one month to five years without SAM admitted to KIMS Hubli were taken as control, the data gathering tool was questionnaire of children and mother. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS software version 11. Proportions were compared using Chi square (χ2) test of significance, categorical variables were assessed using χ2. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. To estimate the independent effect of the factors that were significantly associated with SAM and to control the confounding effect they may have on each other, logistic regression analysis was done. In all the above test the p value of less than 0.05 was accepted as indicating statistical significance.Results: In the study lack of EBF (exclusive breastfeeding), DBF (direct breastfeeding), h/o prelacteal feeds, h/o bottle feed and late initiation of complimentary diet >6 months were significantly associated with SAM (p value less than 0.05).Conclusions: The findings of this study clearly establishes the association of SAM with inappropriate infant feeding practices prevailing in our country.
Risk factors, clinical characteristics and outcome in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome - an experience at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Chesti Mohmad S. , Shahzad Naveed , Goswami Shivani , Gazala Sheenam
Published: January 2022

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening condition involving respiratory system, the present study was undertaken to study maternal risk factors associated with MAS, etiology, incidence of MAS born via meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and to assess outcome of neonates born with MAS. Methods: The present study was carried out at Government Medical College, Baramulla from August 2017 to August 2019, all neonates fulfilling inclusion criteria got admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and were included in our study after obtaining informed consent from their parents. The demographic and factors related to MAS were recorded through predesigned proforma and analyzed using Microsoft excel. Mean and standard deviation were determined for quantitative variables whereas frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables. Results: Newborn with MAS were mostly depressed at birth and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE stage III) was main cause of neonatal mortality, significantly contributing 37.5% of cases of MAS. Neonatal mortality in MAS was also associated with 5 minute low APGAR score. There was significant and strong association between the birth weight and mortality. Thick MSAF was significantly associated with need for mechanical ventilation and subsequently higher mortality. Conclusions: We conclude from our study that MAS is most commonly seen in term and post term babies with birth weight >2.5 kg. Risk factors should be identified and timely intervention should be done to reduce, mortality and morbidity in MAS.
Comparison of musculoskeletal pain among neuro-pediatric physiotherapist and orthopedic physiotherapist: an observational study
Authors: Rathod Neelam K. , Diwan Shraddha , Engineer Palak M.
Published: January 2022

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders can affect the body's muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerve which caused either by the work itself or by the therapist’s working environment. Physiotherapists routinely perform activities such as transferring dependent patients, assisting with mat activities, and lifting heavy equipment. These work tasks put therapists at risk for both acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain.Methods: An observational cross-sectional survey was carried out among 34 physiotherapists specialized as a neuro-pediatric and orthopedic PTs age more than 22 years old both male and females who are working as a full time PTs in clinic or a part time PTs (at least 4 hour/day with minimum 1 year work experience at same job) and not involved in any occupation other than physiotherapy (full/part time. Extended Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to quantify the musculoskeletal pain and activity limitation in 9 body regions.Results: Physiotherapist reported the highest rate of musculoskeletal disorder in the lower back and neck regions. During12-months period and point prevalence rate of WMSDs occurred mostly in low back region was (58.80%), neck (35.30%), upper back (35.30%) in neuro-paediatric physiotherapist and it was mostly in back region (41.10%) and neck, upper back, shoulder region (23.50%) respectively in orthopaedic physiotherapist.Conclusions: A high proportion of neuro-pediatric physiotherapist reported WMSDs at some body site working in their occupational lives with the low back pain and neck pain most often compare to orthopedic physiotherapists.
Perinatal asphyxia and acute renal failure in neonates: presentation and outcomes
Authors: Khan Azhar Ajaz , Kanth Anzeen Nazir , Khan Aymen Masood , Khan Suhail Masood , Wani Owais Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Background: Perinatal asphyxia (PNA) is described by the world health organization as a "failure to begin and sustain breathing at delivery." Acute renal failure (ARF), a well-known consequence of birth asphyxia, has a poor immediate prognosis and can leave survivors with lasting renal impairment. The goal of this study was to find out how often ARF is in cases of PNA and how it relates to the severity of the Apgar score and the grading of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.Methods: This study was based on APGAR scores and a renal function evaluation done on day 3 of life on neonates with a gestational age of >34 weeks and signs of birth asphyxia.Results: According to the APGAR score, 46 percent of the 75 infants investigated had mild PNA, whereas 42% and 12% of the babies had moderate and severe PNA. ARF was discovered in 24% of PNA patients, with oliguric renal failure (ORF) in 42% and non-ORF (NORF) in 58%. Blood urea was elevated in all instances with ARF (100%) but only 8% of non-ARF patients. ARF was found in 100% of individuals with severe PNA, but only 28% of patients with mild PNA. ARF was not found in any of the individuals with mild PNA. Only 3 (4%) of asphyxiated babies had abnormal renal USG results.Conclusions: Our findings revealed a substantial link between PNA severity and ARF, with no ARF in mild PNA. The incidence of ARF and the stage of HIE were shown to have a linear association in this study. Only ORF instances resulted in death.
Moyamoya disease in a case of tuberculous meningoencephalitis
Authors: Weling Rajaram M.
Published: January 2022

Moyamoya disease is an uncommon vascular disease, which causes obstruction and stenosis of arteries of the circle of Willis. This dis ease is seen across the world, but is more common in east Asia. It may cause hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, or transient ischemic attack.  Fever, vomiting and convulsions, are usually suggestive of infective etiology involving brain and meninges. This case report is about a child with meningoencephalitis. Tuberculous meningoencephalitis is the commonest cause, in India, followed by viral type. In our patient we found out that there was an additional finding in form of moyamoya arteritis, which is a rare finding in children.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: an unusual presentation
Authors: Monteiro Diana R. , Ferreira Ana B. , Pinto Mariana , Tuna Tiago , Vasconcelos-Castro Sofia
Published: January 2022

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a developmental defect of the diaphragm that allows herniation of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity. It is usually diagnosed in the neonatal period. Late presenting cases are uncommon and difficult to diagnose, due to their rarity and diversity of semiology, with clinical presentation overlapping with other more frequent pathologies. We report a case of a 14-month-old male, with history of several episodes of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, that presented with a two-day history of nasal obstruction, emetizing cough and respiratory distress, without other associated symptoms. On physical examination we observed a 95% oxygen saturation, tachycardia, pallor, signs of respiratory distress, decreased breathing sounds in the left hemithorax and excavated abdomen. Chest radiography revealed the presence of intestinal loops in the left hemithorax, with contralateral mediastinal deviation, suggesting diaphragmatic hernia. Surgical correction was performed with direct closure of the posterolateral defect. This case highlights the importance of clinical evaluation and considering this entity in cases of persistent gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms, in all age groups.