bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energetic proton back-precipitation onto the solar atmosphere in relation to long-duration gamma-ray flares
Authors: Hutchinson A. , Dalla S. , Laitinen T. , de Nolfo G. A. , Bruno A. , Ryan J. M. , Waterfall C. O. G.
Published: November 2021

Context.Gamma-ray emission during long-duration gamma-ray flare (LDGRF) events is thought to be caused mainly by > 300 MeV protons interacting with the ambient plasma at or near the photosphere. Prolonged periods of the gamma-ray emission have prompted the suggestion that the source of the energetic protons is acceleration at a coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven shock, followed by particle back-precipitation onto the solar atmosphere over extended times.

Aims.We study the latter hypothesis using test particle simulations, which allow us to investigate whether scattering associated with turbulence aids particles in overcoming the effect of magnetic mirroring, which impedes back-precipitation by reflecting particles as they travel sunwards.

Methods.The instantaneous precipitation fraction,P, the proportion of protons that successfully precipitate for injection at a fixed height,ri, is studied as a function of scattering mean free path,λandri. Upper limits to the total precipitation fraction,P̅, were calculated for eight LDGRF events for moderate scattering conditions (λ= 0.1 AU).

Results.We find that the presence of scattering helps back-precipitation compared to the scatter-free case, although at very lowλvalues outward convection with the solar wind ultimately dominates. For eight LDGRF events, due to strong mirroring,P̅is very small, between 0.56 and 0.93% even in the presence of scattering.

Conclusions.Time-extended acceleration and large total precipitation fractions, as seen in the observations, cannot be reconciled for a moving shock source according to our simulations. Therefore, it is not possible to obtain both long durationγray emission and efficient precipitation within this scenario. These results challenge the CME shock source scenario as the main mechanism forγray production in LDGRFs.
Neuroprotective effects of Lepidium sativum L. on memory impairments in Wistar rat: Behavioral and neurochemical study
Authors: Ed-Day Soumia , Boulbaroud Samira , Didou Latifa , Elgui Radia , Ahami Ahmed , Azzaoui Fatima-Zahra
Published: November 2021

The present study investigated the effect of Lepidium sativum L. on Memory and on Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in different brain structures among cadmium-exposed rats. Animals were divided into three groups: Control group (T): received a distilled water orally, Cadmium group (Cd): received oral administration dose of Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) at 10 mg/kg, Protective group (Cd/LS): received CdCl2 (10mg/kg) and the aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum L. (20mg/kg) orally. The Novel Object Recognition Memory Test is used to evaluate the short and long term memory. The measure of AchE activity is realized by Ellman’s method. The results showed that subchronic Cadmium Chloride intoxication at a dose of 10 mg/kg caused a neurobehavioral impairments including: A significant decrease in the index of recognition of short-term (p<0.01) and long-term memory (p <0.05) compared to the control group. In addition, this index increase in the group (Cd/LS) compared to the group intoxicated by CdCl2. A highly significant increase in the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase in hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex (p<0.001) is registered. These results indicate that the aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum L. may modulate the toxic effect induced by cadmium and consequently improve cognition.
Integrative Digital Transformation and Organizational Competitiveness(OC): Proposal for a Transition Strategy to the Aeronautics Industry 4.0 (TSAI) based on a Knowledge Management(KM) approach in a Moroccan ecosystem environment
Authors: Mohamed Ettaibi , Bouchaib Mokhtari
Published: November 2021

The objective of our paper is to transpose the Industrial Acceleration Plan 2.0 on the aeronautical industry in Morocco (IAM) by proposing a transition strategy to the aeronautical industry 4.0 (STIA 4.0). The latter will be based on the establishment of a transverse ecosystem (TSE) of knowledge management (KM) that will feed the innovation by strategic knowledge. The objective is to innovate through the exploitation of Big Data to implement the transverse ecosystem digital and renewable energy. This is justified by the fact that the digitization and decarbonization of industries have become the main vectors of competitiveness of companies in the aerospace industry 4.0. The choice of the latter, to conduct our study, is justified by the fact that it is a sector that requires digital resources to cope with its sophistication. Despite its complexity, it can be developed by own resources in the Moroccan context. That is why we have proposed this integrative strategy that integrates, in addition to digitalization, other resources (Barney, 1991) based on dynamic capabilities (Teece and all, 1997) and that takes into account the context and contextualization (Doha S. and Louitri A., 2020).
Radiation Dose and Risk in Dental Panoramic Radiography: literature review
Authors: Elmorabit Naoual , Ennibi Oum Keltoum
Published: November 2021

Aim: To review and search studies that evaluated the radiation doses and risks from dental panoramic radiography (DPR). This review may answer the following question “does panoramic dental radiation expose patients to health risks? Materiels and Methods: The search strategy was performed using the databases including GoogleScholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Nature from 2010 until september 2020. The search was limited to articles published in English. The 1031 titles that appeared, 15 fulfilled the criteria and were included in the review. Results: in 10 studies, the effective dose from DPRs was in the range of 5-49µSv, depending on the panoramic equipment used. The salivary glands received the highest absorbed doses (359-3044,3 μGy) and the thyroid gland absorbed doses were (40-250µGy). In terms of health risk, according to 5 studies, DPRs can induce genotoxic effects in oral epithelial cells and even induce cytotoxic effects leading to cell death. In 2 studies, women are at higher risk than men. The overall risk of cancer from radiation in children was more than adult. Conclusion: DPR can expose patient to health risks. It should only be applied when necessary, using radiation protection criteria.
Sociodemographic and anthropometric risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Nador population
Authors: Kenfaoui Ikram , Hammoutou Souad , El Azhari Hamza , Khaili Aymane , Ouhssine Mohammed
Published: November 2021

Populations with Type 2 diabetes are exposed to many complications that are due to complex mechanisms combining hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, low-intensity inflammation and accelerated atherogenesis. Cardio-cerebrovascular complications affect the prognosis of diabetes. This study aims to identify sociodemographic and anthropometric risk factors for type 2 diabetes in the population of Nador located in the north of Morocco. This epidemiological study took place in a private medical analysis laboratory in the city of NADOR for a period of one year extending from 01/10/2018 to 01/10/2019. It focused on 830 male and female subjects over the age of 18, all residing in the city of NADOR. The subjects’ blood sugar levels were above 1.26 g / L, with the help of the laboratory reception and collection team of three secretaries and two nurses; we explained the purpose of the study to the population studied. Volunteers signed the consent form and then were interviewed using questionnaires; anthropometric measurements were taken in the sample collection room. Their confidentiality and privacy were respected. This study allowed us to shed light on certain socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics as well as the problems from which the diabetic population suffers. The study found that female sex and old age are socio-demographic risk factors; it also found that waist circumference and BMI (body mass index) are anthropometric risk factors for T2D.
Toxicological analysis of acute pesticides poisoning among Moroccan population
Authors: Birich Bouchra , El Hajjaji Souad , Ghandi Mohamed , Ait Daoud Naima , Ouaide Mustapha , Badrane Narjis , Soulaymani Bencheikh Rachida
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to evaluate the importance of toxicological analysis in acute intoxications by pesticides through the experience of the laboratory of the Poison Control and Pharmacovigilance Center of Morocco (CAPM). This is a retrospective study from January 2014 to September 2020, concerning suspected pesticides poisoning cases. The cholinesterase activity was measured in whole blood and the chromatographic analyzes (GC-MS and LC-MS-MS) were conducted in blood, urine and gastric lavage fluid. In this study, 398 tests were involved. The median age of the patients was 14 with an interquartile range of [4-26 years]. The sex ratio (F / M) was 1.5. The requests were from the region of Rabat-Salé-Kénitra in 82.8% of cases (north-western Morocco). The cholinesterase activity measurement was performed for 295 patients with low values in 3.7% of cases. The toxicological screening by GC-MS and LC-MS-MS detected the pesticide responsible of poisoning in 62 cases as insecticides in 38% of cases, redenticides (33% of cases) and herbicides (5% of cases). Toxicological analysis plays an essential role in the diagnosis and the management of acute pesticides poisoning. Interpretation of results is carried over by analyst with close cooperation with clinical toxicologist.
Sentiment Analysis of Health Care: Review
Authors: Aattouchi Issam , Elmendili Saida , Elmendili Fatna
Published: November 2021

Twitter is a microblogging service where users can send and read short messages of 140 characters called “tweets”. Many healthcare-related unstructured and free-text tweets are shared on Twitter, which is becoming a popular domain for medical research. Sentiment analysis is one of the data mining types that provides an estimate of the direction of personality sentiment analysis in natural language processing. By analyzing text, computational linguistics is used to infer and analyze mental knowledge of the web, social media, and related references. The data reviewed actually quantifies the attitudes or feelings of the global society towards specific goods, people, or thoughts and exposes the contextual duality of the knowledge. Sentiment analysis is used in various sectors such as health care. There is an incredible amount of healthcare information available online, such as social media, and websites focused on rating medical problems, that is not accessed in a methodical way. Sentiment analysis has many benefits, such as using medical information to achieve the best possible patient outcome and improve the quality of health care. This review paper focuses on the presented sentiment analysis methods that are used in the medical field.
Socio-Health Context and Practice of Pelvic Muscle Rehabilitation in Morocco
Authors: Niya Hanane , El Nousaadani Amina , Radid Mohamed
Published: November 2021

The high rate of maternal mortality (112 per 100000 new births)[29], as well as the maternal health problems observed at the level of health facilities, place maternal health at the center of the concerns of ministerial decision-makers in Morocco.. At the same time, the issue of maternal morbidity remains less addressed and documented in comparison to mortality, despite its frequency and its significant consequences of social and family rejection of women. These observations have led us to wonder about the management of morbidity during childbirth and postpartum, in particular the practice of pelvic muscle rehabilitation PMR, which is still absent in public health establishments in Morocco. What are the reasons for this deficit in the prescription of perineal rehabilitation? This question of understanding guided us to study the socio-cultural context, representations around the epistemology of the body within Moroccan Arab-Muslim society, to link them to this re-educational gap. The semi-structured interview tool with diversified populations highlights an organizational and strategic dysfunction despite the efforts made by the Ministry of Health, linked to the lack of awareness and training of health professionals, as well as to the inadequacy of pre, per and especially postnatal care. At the same time, the responses of patients with pelvic floor dysfunction PFD refer to the socio-marital repercussions as well as impairments of the body schema, representations of self and self-esteem, altering their quality of life.
Extent Of Measurement And Disclosure Of Environmental Information In Financial Reports Under (IFRS & IAS) For Yemeni
Authors: Dhaif Allah ali abdo , Bourekkadi Salmane , Babounia Aziz , Elhakmi Saliha
Published: November 2021

The study aims to determine the requirements for the disclosure of environmental information in the financial statements in light of international accounting standards and to study and determine the degree and nature of disclosure of environmental information in the financial statements of the sample companies, and the importance of environmental information in making decisions about setting plans and objectives and drawing policies that aim to protect and sustain the environment as It represents the comprehensive container of the elements of natural wealth, based on the information announced in the annual reports of the sample companies, which include an industrial and forestry company, and it was selected from the most environmentally sensitive sectors and the most impacting on the environment.

Using the content analysis method, which will be the main measurement tool for the research, where the disclosure scale will be prepared using this method and in a similar way to the scale (1982, Wiseman), which includes 18 axes of environmental disclosure within 6 main axes covering all aspects of the environmental performance of the company. The results of the study showed that disclosure in the sample companies is restricted by what is imposed by the standard accounting system with regard to the disclosure of fuel or production waste, as the environmental accounting applications in industrial and strategic companies in Yemen did not take sufficient attention, and this comes as a result of the lack of awareness of industrial companies and their weak contribution to the responsibilities that should be borne in the field of environmental protection and society.

This study represents the theoretical framework for understanding the nature of environmental accounting and reporting by providing a detailed review of environmental accounting, in addition to understanding the nature of environmental disclosures for industrial and extractive companies in Yemen and the extent of their application to international accounting standards. The research recommends the necessity of obligating industrial and extractive companies to environmental disclosure due to its low levels in the annual reports they issue, which reflect a state of lack of interest and awareness by the majority of Yemeni companies of their environmental role and responsibilities towards society.
Intestinal intussusception in infants: Interest of ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction
Authors: Maskaoui Nasser , Laklalech Samia , Erraji Mounir , Zerhouni Hicham , Ettayebi Fouad , Oubejja Houda
Published: November 2021

Ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction of acute intussusception is a nonoperative technique, simple, performed under ultrasound guidance without risk of irradiation. Purpose: Our study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and utility of Ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction in the management of infant intussusception. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of cases of intussusception in infants (1-24 months) treated in the pediatric surgical emergency service of Rabat children’s Hospital during the period 2016-2020. Of the 135 cases collected during the study, 109 patients received ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction while 26 infants inderwent primary surgery. Results: This condition was most common in the age group (3-9 months) with 78% of cases. The sex ratio M/F was 2.29. The ileocolic type was the most encountered (56%). The complete ultrasound hydrostatic reduction was achieved for 88 infants with a success rate of 81% and an average hospitalization time of 1.4 days. 21 cases (19%) of which 16 failed hydrostatic reduction and 05 recurrences within 24 hours, were taken up by surgery with manual reduction and bowel resection for respectively 19 and 02 cases. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided hydrostatic reduction is a safe, quick and efficient method with a high success rate, a decrease in the occurrence of recurrences and complications and should be recommended first.
Prospects for the Disposal of By-Products from the Processing of Aquatic Biological Resources
Authors: Maksimova Svetlana , Poleshchuk Denis , Ponomarenko Svetlana , Bashtovoy Aleksandr , Shadrina Ekaterina
Published: November 2021

The expediency of using waste generated during industrial processing of commercial aquatic biological resources is justified. By-products obtained as a result of cutting fish and non-fish objects represent a significant source of biologically valuable substances. The article provides information on the use of secondary raw materials for the production of feed products for farm animals, birds and aquaculture facilities for the production of biologically valuable products, biofuels. The paper presents an assessment of the technological potential of by-products formed during the processing of the most profitable commercial objects – crabs and salmon. Such bu-products include carapace of the cephalothorax, crab entrails, as well as the caviar film remaining during the punching of salmon fish hawks. The assessment of the total chemical composition of the waste from the cutting of the blue crab was carried out. The high biological value of the hepatopancreas and carapace crab proteins was revealed. The general chemical waste from punching of chum salmon hawks is given. The high biological value of these waste lipids was confirmed by evaluating their fatty acid composition. The possibility and necessity of using the studied waste for the production of biologically valuable products is experimentally justified.
Data analysis in Cashless Payment Systems
Authors: Bataev Alexey , Glushkova Antonina
Published: November 2021

The use of artificial intelligence in the financial sphere are analyzed in this study. One of the possible areas of using neural network in financial institutions is the system of cashless payments. One of the main problems in introducing innovative projects is to evaluate the efficiency of the implemented information system. In this regard, the construction of an investment model that allows evaluating the implementation and use of artificial intelligence in the cashless payments system of financial institutions is proposed in this article. Based on the constructed model, an analysis is made of the dependence of the effectiveness of the system with artificial intelligence on the size of the client base of a credit organization, while the minimum and maximum possible efficiency parameters of the implemented system are evaluated. Based on a comprehensive analysis, recommendations are given on perspectives of introducing such systems into credit organizations.
Virtual Reality Training Software for Labor Accident Free Process in Construction
Authors: Burlov Viacheslav , Uvarova Anastasiya , Gomazov Fedor
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a methodology for the formation of a VR training program for the safe conduct of work on a construction site. The based approach allowed us to identify the key elements of the work and create a mathematical model of a person’s decision. The result of this work is the developed methodology for the use of virtual reality devices for teaching safe construction work based on solving the inverse problem.
New Methods of Application of Micro-Hydroelectric Power Plants at Existing Hydraulic Structures: Schemes, Parameters, Efficiency
Authors: Mukhammadiyev M. , Urishev B. , Kan E. , Juraev K.
Published: November 2021

The structure of hydraulic structures of power and water management systems includes gates for various purposes, which allow you to regulate and distribute the flow of water in channels and waterworks. Existing gate designs do not provide for the possibility of generating electricity from the water energy of the stream passing through them. In order to convert the hydraulic energy of water passing through the gates into electrical energy a new patented design of the gate is proposed which allows using micro-hydroelectric power plants with a Banki turbine to make more rational use of the hydro resources of energy and water management systems. The proposed design solves the problem of expanding the functionality of the gate and increasing the efficiency of micro-hydroelectric power plants with a reduction in its cost. Areas of application of the new design for the combined use of micro-hydroelectric power plants and hydraulic gates at hydroelectric power systems are also proposed. The technique for determining the technical and economic parameters of micro-hydroelectric power plants installed on flat gates of hydraulic structures is given, and theoretical calculations are performed, which showed that the higher the capacity of micro-hydroelectric power plants, the shorter its payback period.
A new order of fishes as hosts of blood flukes (Aporocotylidae); description of a new genus and three new species infecting squirrelfishes (Holocentriformes, Holocentridae) on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Cutmore Scott C. , Cribb Thomas H.
Published: November 2021

A new genus and three new species of blood flukes (Aporocotylidae) are described from squirrelfishes (Holocentridae) from the Great Barrier Reef. Holocentricola rufus n. gen., n. sp. is described from Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskål), from off Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef, and Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Holocentricola exilis n. sp. and Holocentricola coronatus n. sp. are described from off Lizard Island, H. exilis from Neoniphon sammara (Forsskål) and H. coronatus from Sargocentron diadema (Lacepède). Species of the new genus are distinct from those of all other aporocotylid genera in having a retort-shaped cirrus-sac with a distinct thickening at a marginal male genital pore. The new genus is further distinct in the combination of a lanceolate body, X-shaped caeca, posterior caeca that are longer than anterior caeca, a single, post-caecal testis that is not deeply lobed, a post-caecal, post-testis ovary that is not distinctly bi-lobed, and a post-ovarian uterus. The three new species can be morphologically delineated based on the size and row structure of the marginal spines, as well by total length, oesophagus and caecal lengths, and the position of the male genital pore, testes and ovary relative to the posterior extremity. The three species of Holocentricola are genetically distinct from each other based on cox1 mtDNA and ITS2 rDNA data, and in phylogenetic analyses of 28S rDNA form a well-supported clade sister to species of Neoparacardicola Yamaguti, 1970. This is the first report of aporocotylids from fishes of the family Holocentridae and the order Holocentriformes.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser, …
Authors: Peuker Elmar T.
Published: November 2021

Tempus fugit.

Nunmehr halten Sie die 5. Ausgabe der AkupunkturPraxis in Händen. Ein ganzes Jahr sind wir jetzt schon auf dem Markt; sicher zu früh, um ein Resümee zu ziehen, aber lange genug, um eine kurze Rückmeldung aus unserer (ganz subjektiven) Herausgebersicht zu geben.
Long-Term Risk of Major Bleeding after Discontinuing Anticoagulation for Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Khan Faizan , Rahman Alvi , Tritschler Tobias , Carrier Marc , Kearon Clive , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Schulman Sam , Couturaud Francis , Becattini Cecilia , Agnelli Giancarlo , Brighton Timothy A. , Lensing Anthonie W. A. , Pinede Laurent , Parpia Sameer , Geersing Geert-Jan , Takada Toshihiko , Bradbury Charlotte A. , Andreozzi Giuseppe M. , Palareti Gualtiero , Prandoni Paolo , Buller Harry R. , Mallick Ranjeeta , Hutton Brian , Thavorn Kednapa , Le Gal Gregoire , Rodger Marc A. , Fergusson Dean A.
Published: November 2021

Background The long-term risk of major bleeding after discontinuing anticoagulant therapy for a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) is uncertain.

Objectives To determine the incidence of major bleeding up to 5 years after discontinuing anticoagulation for a first unprovoked VTE.

Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL (from inception to January 2021) to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies reporting major bleeding after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with a first unprovoked or weakly provoked VTE who had completed (IMAGE_)3 months of initial treatment. Unpublished data on major bleeding events and person-years were obtained from authors of included studies to calculate study-level incidence rates. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool results across studies.

Results Of 1,123 records identified by the search, 20 studies (17 RCTs) and 8,740 patients were included in the analysis. During 13,011 person-years of follow-up after discontinuing anticoagulation, the pooled incidence of major bleeding (n = 41) and fatal bleeding (n = 7) per 100 person-years was 0.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20–0.54) and 0.09 (95% CI: 0.05–0.15). The 5-year cumulative incidence of major bleeding was of 1.0% (95% CI: 0.4–2.4%). The case-fatality rate of major bleeding after discontinuing anticoagulation was 19.9% (95% CI: 10.6–31.1%).

Conclusion The risk of major bleeding once anticoagulants are discontinued in patients with a first unprovoked VTE is not zero. Estimates from this study can help clinicians counsel patients about the incremental risk of major bleeding with extended anticoagulation to guide decision making about treatment duration for unprovoked VTE.
s-Tetrazine: Robust and Green Photoorganocatalyst for Aerobic Oxidation of N,N-Disubstituted Hydroxylamines to Nitrones
Authors: Masson Géraldine , Lyu Jiyuan , Le Tuan , Claraz Aurélie , Allain Clémence , Audebert Pierre
Published: November 2021

Efficient photocatalytic aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation reactions of N,N-disubstituted hydroxylamines to nitrones were developed with an in situ generated photocatalyst based on commercially available 3,6-dichlorotetrazine. This process affords a wide range of nitrones in high yields under mild conditions. In addition, an oxidative (3+3) cycloaddition between an oxyallyl cation precursor and a hydroxylamine was also developed.
Measurement of Anticoagulation in Patients on Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, and Apixaban Therapy by Novel Automated Thrombelastography
Authors: Artang Ramin , Dias Joao D. , Walsh Mark , Bliden Kevin , Nielsen Jorn D. , Anderson Maren , Thurston Brian C. , Tantry Udaya S. , Hartmann Jan , Gurbel Paul A.
Published: November 2021

Background Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) do not require monitoring. Measurement of DOAC effect would be useful in the event of bleeding, trauma, and thromboembolism while on anticoagulation. We evaluated the effectiveness of the investigational DOAC assays on the TEG®6s Hemostasis Analyzer to assess the anticoagulant effect of DOACs in patients treated for atrial fibrillation or deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Methods Patients on treatment for a minimum of 7 days with standard doses of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban were included. DOAC plasma concentrations and TEG®6s Reaction (R)-time were measured and correlated. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of R-time to detect DOAC concentrations of ≥30, ≥50, and ≥100 ng/mL were calculated.

Results A total of 189 patients were included, (n = 50) on apixaban, (n = 62) on rivaroxaban, (n = 53) on dabigatran, and (n = 24) on no DOAC were studied. Using the direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) channel, R-time demonstrated strong linear correlation with dabigatran levels (r = 0.93, p < 0.0001). Using the antifactor Xa (AFXa) channel, R-time demonstrated strong nonlinear correlation with rivaroxaban and apixaban levels (r
s = 0.92 and 0.84, respectively, p < 0.0001 for both). R-time revealed strong sensitivity and NPV in detecting low DOAC levels for the predefined concentrations.

Conclusion R-time measured by TEG®6s DOAC-specific cartridge has a strong correlation with concentrations of the most commonly used DOACs with high sensitivity and NPV for detecting lower drug levels that are considered clinically relevant for patients in need of antidote, or prior to urgent surgery. Further studies to determine the relation of R-time to clinical outcomes are warranted.
The Efficacy of Whole Genome Sequencing and RNA-Seq in the Diagnosis of Whole Exome Sequencing Negative Patients with Complex Neurological Phenotypes
Authors: Blake Bianca , Brady Lauren I. , Rouse Nicholas A. , Nagy Peter , Tarnopolsky Mark A.
Published: November 2021

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is being increasingly utilized for the diagnosis of neurological disease by sequencing both the exome and the remaining 98 to 99% of the genetic code. In addition to more complete coverage, WGS can detect structural variants (SVs) and intronic variants (SNVs) that cannot be identified by whole exome sequencing (WES) or chromosome microarray (CMA). Other multi-omics tools, such as RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), can be used in conjunction with WGS to functionally validate certain variants by detecting changes in gene expression and splicing. The objective of this retrospective study was to measure the diagnostic yield of duo/trio-based WGS and RNA-Seq in a cohort of 22 patients (20 families) with pediatric onset neurological phenotypes and negative or inconclusive WES results in lieu of reanalysis. WGS with RNA-Seq resulted in a definite diagnosis of an additional 25% of cases. Sixty percent of these solved cases arose from the identification of variants that were missed by WES. Variants that could not be unequivocally proven to be causative of the patients' condition were identified in an additional 5% of cases.
Matthew-Wood Syndrome in Monochorionic, Diamnionic Twins
Authors: Geiculescu Irina , Saxonhouse Matthew A. , Demmer Laurie , Sutsko Ronald , Cosper Graham , Jones James E.
Published: November 2021

Matthew-Wood syndrome represents a rare genetic disorder characterized by diaphragmatic defects, pulmonary hypoplasia, micro- or anophthalmia, and cardiac defects. Most cases are lethal with very few infants living beyond a few years of life. Siblings with this diagnosis have been reported but never twins. In this article, we provided a review and discussion of this syndrome following its presentation in monochorionic, diamnionic twin females.
Link prediction of the world container shipping network: A network structure perspective
Authors: Ge Jiawei , Wang Xuefeng , Shi Wenming
Published: November 2021

Although the world container shipping network (WCSN) has gradually been shaped with ever-increasing complexity in link evolution over the last decades, its evolving mechanism remains to be unveiled. This motivates us to explore the evolutionary pattern of the WCSN, which can be achieved by advancing the existing link prediction models. Using the k-shell decomposition method, the network hierarchy can be decomposed and evaluated by four indices which are KS-Salton, KS-AA, KS-RA, and KS-LRW. The results show that the network hierarchy depends largely on trade patterns and demonstrates certain geographic characteristics. Meanwhile, the KS-LRW index performs best and, therefore, is further simulated for the future WCSN by predicting its top 1677 potential edges, which significantly enhances the overall network connectivity and efficiency. These findings create profound implications for shipping companies to strategically reduce the trail cost for new lines by analyzing the network data.
Photoluminescence study of solution-deposited Cu2BaSnS4 thin films
Authors: Levcenko S. , Teymur B. , Mitzi D. B. , Unold T.
Published: November 2021

To experimentally identify the character of radiative transitions in trigonal Cu2BaSnS4, we conduct temperature and excitation intensity dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements in the temperature range of 15–300 K. The low-temperature near band edge PL spectrum is interpreted as the free exciton at 2.11 eV and the bound exciton at 2.08 eV, coupled with associated phonon-assisted transitions. In the low energy region, we assign the dominant defect emission at 1.96 eV to donor–acceptor-pair recombination and the weak broad emission at 1.6 eV to the free-to-bound transition. The activation energies and temperature shift for the radiative transitions are determined and discussed. Above 90 K, the free exciton recombination becomes the dominant radiative transition, with its energy shift mainly governed by the contribution of optical phonons.
Impacts of surface nitridation on crystalline ferroelectric phase of Hf1-xZrxO2 and ferroelectric FET performance
Authors: Lin Yi-Jan , Teng Chih-Yu , Hu Chenming , Su Chun-Jung , Tseng Yuan-Chieh
Published: November 2021

This paper presents an approach to enhance Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) ferroelectric orthorhombic phase (O-phase) formation via in situ NH3 plasma treatment. High-resolution non-disruptive hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that O-phase formation can be enhanced by suppressed interfacial diffusion between HZO and the top TiN electrode. Additional N-bonding facilitated by NH3 treatment was shown to suppress the interaction between TiN and HZO, thereby reducing the formation of oxygen vacancies within HZO. It was shown to improve the reliability and ferroelectric performance (examined by the leakage current and positive-up-negative-down measurements) of HZO devices. After cyclic operations, NH3-treated ferroelectric FETs (FeFETs) exhibited stable transfer characteristics and memory windows, whereas untreated devices presented unstable behaviors. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed in situ NH3-treatment scheme in enhancing the stability of HZO-based FeFETs.
Anharmonicity in partially filled skutterudites YbxCo4Sb12
Authors: Hu Yanyun , Salvador James R. , Chen Ning , Alatas Ahmet , Kim Young-June
Published: November 2021

We report an experimental investigation of Yb filler ion dynamics in partially filled skutterudite samples YbxCo4Sb12 (x=0.26 and x=0.4). From extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements at the Yb L2-edge, the mean-square displacements of the Yb fillers were extracted over a wide temperature range from 10 to 500 K. We found that the low-temperature dynamics of Yb fillers are described well using a harmonic oscillator approximation with Einstein temperatures of 70±5 K for both samples. This finding is consistent with the observed low-energy phonon mode at 5.3(5) meV in the inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) data. However, the temperature dependence deviates from the harmonic approximation at high temperatures due to significant cubic anharmonicity, which was revealed in the EXAFS cumulant analysis. Our study also demonstrates that complementary information on filler dynamics in skutterudites can be acquired using EXAFS and IXS.
Temperature-sensitive mechanism for silicon blocked-impurity-band photodetectors
Authors: Zhu He , Zhu Jiaqi , Hu Weida , Xiao Yunlong , Shen Jinyong , Li Qing , Zhang Kun , Deng Ke , He Ting , Wu Huizhen , Li Ning , Lu Wei
Published: November 2021

Benefit from high quantum efficiency and low dark current, blocked-impurity-band (BIB) detectors have been the state-of-the-art choice in astronomy science. The temperature extrinsic-response-reduction mechanism in BIB detectors is vague for lack of pertinent research. We fabricated Si:P BIB detectors with a remarkable blackbody detectivity of 2 × 1012 cm · Hz1/2/W at 4 K, 2 V (blackbody 800 K). Both varying temperature optoelectronic characterization and calculated results overturn the common standpoint that focuses on ionization proportion. Instead, solid evidence indicates that the increase in the negative charge density according to temperature significantly influences the width of the depletion region until it totally vanishes beyond 20 K. The mechanism enriches the design thoughts of the BIB detector for improving its performance.
Kantorovich–Rubinstein distance and approximation for non-local Fokker–Planck equations
Authors: Zhang Ao , Duan Jinqiao
Published: November 2021

This work is devoted to studying complex dynamical systems under non-Gaussian fluctuations. We first estimate the Kantorovich–Rubinstein distance for solutions of non-local Fokker–Planck equations associated with stochastic differential equations with non-Gaussian Lévy noise. This is then applied to establish weak convergence of the corresponding probability distributions. Furthermore, this leads to smooth approximation for non-local Fokker–Planck equations, as illustrated in an example.
Lab-on-a-disk extraction of PBMC and metered plasma from whole blood: An advanced event-triggered valving strategy
Authors: Uddin Rokon , Kinahan David , Ducrée Jens , Boisen Anja
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we present a centrifugal microfluidic concept employing event-triggered valving for automated extraction of metered plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This “lab-on-a-disk” system has been developed for retrieving different density layers from a liquid column by “overflowing” the layers sequentially using the pressure exerted by a density-gradient liquid. Defined volumes of plasma and PBMCs were efficiently forwarded into designated microfluidic chambers as a sample preparation step prior to further downstream processing. Furthermore, the extracted PBMCs were counted directly on-disk using an automated optical unit by object-based image analysis, thus eliminating the requirement for the post-processing of the extracted PBMCs. This study is a direct continuation of our previous work1 where we demonstrated combined on-disk detection of C-reactive protein and quantification of PBMCs following on-disk extraction of plasma and PBMCs from a single blood sample using a centrifugo-pneumatic valving mechanism. However, the former valving technique featured limited PBMC extraction efficiency. Here, integrating the novel concept along with event-triggered valving mechanism, we eliminated the occurrence of a specific microfluidic effect, which led us to increase PBMC extraction efficiency to 88%. This extraction method has the potential to be utilized for efficiently separating multiple density layers from a liquid sample in relevant biomedical applications.
Use of an accelerated testing method to characterize inner front pole cover erosion in a high power Hall thruster
Authors: Polk James E. , Lobbia Robert , Barriault Arthur , Guerrero Vela Pedro Pablo
Published: November 2021

Erosion characteristics on the cover of the inner front pole in a 12.5 kW Hall thruster were measured over a wide range of operating conditions in tests of 6–14 h duration using an accelerated test method and a very sensitive, radioactive tracer-based erosion diagnostic. The operating points included the nominal 300–600 V conditions on a constant 20.8 A throttle curve and conditions at other currents spanning the throttling envelope and with varying magnetic field strength, facility pressure, and discharge voltage oscillation amplitude. Surprisingly, the results show that the highest wear rates occur at the lowest voltages and currents. The wear rates were insensitive to discharge voltage ripple but increased monotonically with magnetic field strength, particularly near the inner radius of the pole cover. The inner region was also sensitive to facility pressure, showing lower rates at a higher pressure level. Separate experiments in which the energy distributions of ions generated by the hollow cathode were measured suggest that the cathode plume may be a source of energetic ions responsible for some of the erosion trends, in addition to ions originating in the thruster plume.
Stability and electronic properties of two-dimensional metal–organic perovskites in Janus phase
Authors: Na Guangren , Li Yawen , Xing Bangyu , Zhang Yilin , He Xin , Saidi Wissam A. , Zhang Lijun
Published: November 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid metal–organic perovskites have been widely studied due to their good stability and unique optoelectronic properties. By incorporating different ligands on opposite sides of the inorganic octahedron plane, we construct a novel 2D Janus perovskite (2D-JP) exhibiting structural out-of-plane symmetry-breaking. Our first-principles calculations show that the proposed 2D-JPs have thermodynamic stability comparable to that of the corresponding non-Janus perovskites. By modifying the passivating ligands or the thickness of the perovskite phase, we show that the band gaps and the carriers’ effective masses of the 2D-JPs can be modulated up to 0.29 eV and 0.27me, respectively, compared to the non-Janus materials. Furthermore, the structural out-of-plane asymmetry of 2D-JPs leads to the asymmetrical distribution of electrostatic potential and band edge charge density, which facilitates the separation of electrons and holes. Furthermore, we explored the stability and the electronic structures of Ruddlesden–Popper layered Janus perovskites with two different stacking methods. Our results provide a new approach to regulate the electronic properties by constructing 2D-JPs for practical applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Rate-dependent tipping and early warning in a thermoacoustic system under extreme operating environment
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Xu Yong , Liu Qi , Kurths Jürgen , Grebogi Celso
Published: November 2021

Thermoacoustic instability has been an important challenge in the development of high-performance combustion systems, as it can have catastrophic consequences. The process of a sudden change in the dynamical behavior of a thermoacoustic system from a low- to high-amplitude thermoacoustic instability actually entails as a tipping point phenomenon. It has been found that when rate-dependent parameters are considered, a tipping-delay phenomenon may arise, which helps in the control of undesirable states that give rise to thermoacoustic instabilities. This work aims at understanding rate-dependent tipping dynamics of the thermoacoustic system with both time-varying parameters and a non-Gaussian Lévy noise. The latter better describes the severe operating environment of such systems than simpler types of noise. Through numerical simulations, the tipping dynamical behavior is analyzed by considering the rate-dependent parameters coupled with the main parameters of the Lévy noise, including the stability and skewness indices and the noise intensity. In addition, we investigate the effectiveness of early warning indicators in rate-dependent systems under Lévy noise excitation and uncover a relationship between warning measures and the rate of change in the parameters. These results inform and enlighten the development and design of power combustion devices and also provide researchers and engineers with effective ideas to control thermoacoustic instability and the associated tipping dynamics.
Royal Commission into Aged Care recommendations on minimum staff time standard for nursing homes
Authors: Peters Micah D. J. , Marnie Casey , Butler Annie
Published: November 2021

The Royal Commission’s recommendation for nursing home minimum time standards and the Australian Government’s response do not support best practice resident care. We recommend that higher mandated minimum staffing levels and skills mix should be phased in by mid-2026. What is known about the topic? The Australian Government has not committed to fully implementing the Commission’s recommendations for mandated minimum staff time standards. What does this paper add? We highlight issues with the Commission’s recommendations and the Australian Government’s response where they do not support sufficient minimum time to provide best practice care. What are the implications for practitioners? Mandated evidence-based minimum staffing levels and skills mix should be phased in by mid-2026 to support best practice care.
Functional alterations in cortical processing of speech in glioma-infiltrated cortex
Authors: Aabedi Alexander A. , Lipkin Benjamin , Kaur Jasleen , Kakaizada Sofia , Valdivia Claudia , Reihl Sheantel , Young Jacob S. , Lee Anthony T. , Krishna Saritha , Berger Mitchel S. , Chang Edward F. , Brang David , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L.
Published: November 2021

Significance

As gliomas proliferate, they infiltrate healthy brain tissue. Often, patients with such tumors in the language areas of the brain develop aphasia. Understanding how gliomas interact with normal neural circuits is critical for developing neuroprostheses that restore speech. Recent evidence demonstrates that glioma cells interact synaptically with neurons and thus can modulate neural circuits. However, it is unclear the extent to which glioma-infiltrated cortex participates in cognitive processing. Using electrocorticography to record both glioma-infiltrated and normal-appearing cortex during speech, we found that glioma-infiltrated cortex is capable of coordinated neural responses but has reduced capacity for information encoding. Instead, glioma-infiltrated cortex recruits a broader network of cortical regions during speech, which may represent a compensatory mechanism with implications for future neuroprostheses.
Strategies in the production of PP relative clauses in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Augusto Marina Rosa Ana , Rodrigues Erica , Grolla Elaine
Published: November 2021

This study focuses on the production of Prepositional Phrase Relative Clauses (PP RCs) by Brazilian 4-/5-year-olds, aiming at discussing the types of responses children produce, compared to adults, considering competing alternatives pragmatically available in the language. Difficulty with non-subject RCs has been attributed to the presence of interveners between the RC head and the position of the moved element (Friedmann, Belletti, & Rizzi, 2009). Our experiment contrasted the elicitation of PP RCs in two conditions: with and without interveners. Although results show that children provide more target responses to the condition without interveners, alternative responses are also produced in this condition, suggesting that not only intervention, but also the availability of less complex alternatives in the language shape children’s behavior.
Cost-reducing strategies in the production of Brazilian Portuguese relative clauses
Authors: Sicuro Corrêa Letícia M. , Augusto Marina Rosa Ana
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the production of relative clauses (RCs) by Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children/adolescents, focusing on cost-reducing RCs strategies that may circumvent syntactic language impairment. Different types of RCs are elicited from participants at risk of language impairment (LI) and an age-matched control group. The results support the differential demands of these structures. Group differences are restricted to moderate-severe LI participants on standard direct object (DO) RCs. The greater demands of indirect object/prepositional phrase (IO/PP) RCs in relation to DO RCs can be nevertheless noticed in the use of resumptive pronouns predominantly in IO/PP RCs. More truncated/inappropriate responses appear in the LI group. Although cost-reducing strategies can largely circumvent LI effects, the overall quality of responses can distinguish LI children.