bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multivariable Analysis of Egg White Protein-Chitosan Interaction: Influence of pH, Temperature, Biopolymers Ratio, and Ionic Concentration
Authors: Wang Yuemeng , Gao Na , Wang Xiaojun , Li Xin , Sun Shengqian
Published: May 2023

The influence of pH, temperature, biopolymer ratio, total concentration, and ionic concentration on the interaction between egg white protein (EWP) and chitosan (CS) was investigated through turbidity, zeta potential, and state diagram in our research. In addition, phase behavior was observed under various conditions. The turbidity of EWP remained low (turbidity<0.03) and basically unchanged at a wide range of pH (4.0-8.0), while the turbidity of CS was slightly higher (turbidity<0.2) after pH 7.0 than before. Moreover, under the same conditions, a sharply rising peak pattern was observed for the complex between EWP and CS. The maximum turbidity value was observed at 55°C, and the temperature had a mild effect on turbidity. The optimum EWP to CS ratio was found to be 12:1 based on the experiment of the turbidity curves and state diagrams influenced by different biopolymer mixing ratios. With the enhanced concentrations of total biopolymer, the maximum turbidity rose insignificantly above 0.1%.
A Real-Time Lightweight Detection Algorithm for Deck Crew and the Use of Fishing Nets based on Improved YOLOv5s Network
Authors: Jiaming Wang , Xiangbo Yin , Guodong Li
Published: May 2023

A real-time monitoring system for the operational status of fishing vessels is an essential element for the modernization of the fishing industry. The operational status of fishing vessels can be identified by using onboard cameras to detect the deck crew and the use of fishing nets. Due to the typically limited processing capacity of shipboard equipment and the significant memory consumption of detection models, however, general target detection models are unable to perform real-time image detection to identify the operational status of fishing vessels. In this paper, we propose a lightweight real-time deck crew and the use of fishing nets detection method, YOLOv5s-SGC. It is based on the YOLOv5s model, which uses surveillance cameras to obtain video of fishing vessels operating at sea and enhances the dataset. YOLOv5s-SGC replaces YOLOv5s’s backbone and the ordinary convolutional blocks in the feature fusion network with ShufflNetV2 and Ghost module.
Hydrogen Peroxide Is a Component of Infusions of Medicinal Herbs
Authors: Tama Anna , Pieńkowska Natalia , Stefaniuk Ireneusz , Bartosz Grzegorz , Sadowska-Bartosz Izabela
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to examine whether H2O2, generated in such beverages as tea and coffee, is formed also in infusions of medicinal herbs and propose the possible mechanism of its formation. Infusions of sixteen herbs were studied and the presence of H2O2 was found in all cases. The highest concentrations of H2O2, exceeding 50 µM, were found in the infusions of leaves of Betula and Polygonum, and of the inflorescence of Tilia. These low amounts of H2O2 should not have a harmful effect and may even exert beneficial action, perhaps contributing to the health effects of the herbs. Generation of semiquinone and superoxide radicals was detected in herbal infusions, indicating that oxidation of phenolic compounds is the main source of H2O2 in these infusions. Herbal infusions were cytotoxic to human ovary cancer SKOV-3 and PEO1 cells; this cytotoxicity was compromised by catalase added to the growth medium, demonstrating the contribution of hydrogen peroxide to the cytotoxic action of herbal extracts.
Attitude Determination System for a CubeSat Experiencing Eclipse
Authors: Mmopelwa Kesaobaka , Ramodimo Teddy Tumisang , Matsebe Oduetse , Basutli Bokamoso
Published: May 2023

In the context of Kalman filters, the predicted error covariance matrix $\mathbf{P}_{k+1}$ and measurement noise covariance matrix $\mathbf{R}$ are used to represent the uncertainty of state variables and measurement noise, respectively. However, in real-world situations, these matrices may vary with time due to measurement faults. To address this issue in CubeSat attitude estimation, an adaptive extended Kalman filter has been proposed that can dynamically estimate the predicted error covariance matrix and measurement noise covariance matrix using an expectation-maximization approach. Simulation experiments have shown that this algorithm outperforms existing methods in terms of attitude estimation accuracy, particularly in sunlit and shadowed phases of the orbit, with the same filtering parameters and initial conditions.
Lymphangioma: A Rare Cause of Cervical Tumor in Adults
Authors: Gómez García Ana Mª , Garcia Rico Eduardo
Published: May 2023

Neck lymphangiomas are rare, benign congenital malformations that predominate in childhood. Most present before the age of two. There are no risk factors related to sex, ethnic origin or predominance on either side, and they can occur in any anatomical location, although the most frequent is in the head and neck. The clinical presentation depends on its location. The most frequent symptom is the existence of a painless mass that grows slowly. Available therapeutic tools include surgery, systemic treatment, and injection of sclerosing agents.
Antioxidant Capacity of Mango ‘Ataulfo’ Grown in the Region of Denomination of Origin
Authors: Ordoñez-Guillén Iris , Vázquez-Ovando Alfredo , Rosas-Quijano Raymundo , Salvador-Figueroa Miguel , Gálvez-López Didiana
Published: May 2023

About 90% of the Ataulfo mango (Mangifera indica L.) crops in Mexico are in the south of the country. This variety has significant amounts of antioxidant compounds. All the trees come from a small group of parents, however, the possible intravarietal variations and the micro-environments where it is grown can influence the compounds that contribute to the antioxidant capacity. The objective of this study was to quantify the antioxidant compounds of Ataulfo mango fruits of trees grown in Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico (origin denomination), as well as fruits of the parent trees. In addition, possible associations between the contents of these compounds and the micro-environmental conditions collected were sought. In total, 465 fruits from 155 trees planted in 13 municipalities (locations) were analyzed. Fruits were collected at physiological maturity and stored at 25 °C until reaching commercial maturity. The contents of total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods), total anthocyanins (TA) and ascorbic acid (AA) were determined. The fruits from Huehuetán, presented the highest contents of PC (0.89 mg GAE g-1); however, the highest AC was found in the fruits harvested in Frontera Hidalgo, with 128.29 µmol TE g-1 (ABTS). The fruits obtained from the parents are within the average range of total TPC and AC, without significant differences between their fruits and those cultivated. The micro-environments where the Ataulfo mango trees are grown do not have a significant effect on antioxidant compounds (TPC, AC, TA and AA) and the only variables that allow segregation by localities are relative humidity, environmental temperature and altitude.
Response of Soil Aggregate Stability to Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Organic Fertilizer Addition: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaolan , Liu Jigen , Huang Jinquan , Chen Yanfei , Zhang Lu , Qi Yujie , Li Weiwen , Zhu Yi
Published: May 2023

Soil is an extremely significant resource for human survival, and agglomerates, as the basic unit of soil structure, not only enhance soil fertility and control the biological validity of nutrients, but also strengthen the soil's erosion resistance. The mass application of fertilizers may have a significant impact on crop growth and soil structure, and the rational application and dispensing of fertilizers will be an urgent issue to be addressed. Therefore, the effect of fertilizer application on the stability of water-stable soil aggregates needs to be studied under different meteorological and soil conditions to draw more general and feasible conclusions. Our Meta-analysis of data from 220 of 56 published studies found that fertilizer application increased mean weight diameter (MWD) by an average of 18% compared to the no-fertilizer treatment. Among the nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and organic (OM) fertilizer treatments, the organic fertilizer treatment had a greater stimulatory effect on MWD (26%). Among the different fertilizer levels, low level of phosphorus (<40kg·hm-2·yr-1), high level of N (>120kg·hm-2·yr-1), and low level of organic fertilizer (<5000kg·hm-2·yr-1) increased MWD by 19%, 14%, and 41% respectively. Across soil types and land use types, the response to MWD was positive for red soils and paddy fields, and the stimulatory effect of organic fertilizer was more significant compared to chemical fertilizer. The regression model showed that the response ratio of MWD was negatively correlated with the response ratio of soil pH and bulk density (BD), and positively correlated with the response ratio of soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial mass carbon (MBC). Meanwhile, the PLS-SEM model showed that average annual temperature was the main factor affecting the stability of soil aggregates, and the average annual rainfall is the secondary factor. Therefore, this study found that the long-term use of organic fertilizers in place of some chemical fertilizers was more effective than chemical fertilizer alone. Temperature and rainfall have greater effects on the response of fertilizer to soil aggregate stability.
Experimental Research and Transfer Matrix Method for Analysis of Transmission Loss of Multilayer Constructions With Devulcanized Waste Rubber
Authors: Vilniškis Tomas , Januševičius Tomas
Published: May 2023

According to circular economy principles, the recycling and reuse of waste tyre rubber is one of the most advanced and ecological waste disposal technologies. Each year about 19 million tons of tyres are produced, and this amount is increasing each year. One of the most innovative ways to recycle rubber waste is devulcanization. There are many methods of rubber devulcanization, but the most popular are grinding and chemical. In this article devulcanized rubber granules were used for the preparation of rubber samples. Two of them were obtained by the grinding method and one by chemical devulcanization. 15 different rubber samples were produced for the experimental measurements. Multilayer constructions with two solid layers of plasterboard on both sides (GKB and GKFI) and porous acoustic material of rubber sample inside were produced. Measurements were made in an impedance tube and compared with the results of TMM analysis. The same trends of resonant frequencies were determined. According to the results, the resonant frequencies depended on the thickness of the material, since transmission loss values depended on the mass of construction. According to the test results of transmission loss, constructions with 50mm thick rubber samples had on average 3dB better results than the structures with 25mm samples and 5dB better results than structures with 12 mm thick rubber samples. In addition, it was found that higher density plasterboards (GKFI) increased the overall transmission loss value of the structure by 5 dB. The same trends were determined by the TMM method. The test results showed that multi-layered constructions with devulcanized waste rubber had high transmission loss result and could be used for sound insulating structures.
Is the Identification of Multiple Infantile Cutaneous Hemangiomas Always a Definitive Diagnosis? A Case Report of an Infant with a Multifocal Hepatic Hemangioma (MHH)
Authors: Baranowska Jagoda , Boral Wiktoria , Jarzumbek Anna , Kluczewska Ewa , Saran Anna , Kwiecień Jarosław , Górowska-Kowolik Katarzyna , Grabowski Andrzej , Sienko Anna , Bąk-Drabik Katarzyna
Published: May 2023

Multifocal hepatic hemangiomas (MHHs) are the most common benign vascular tumours of the liver that are detected in children with concomitant multiple infantile hemangiomas. They still pose a diagnostic problem for GPs and are thus often detected far too late, due to their low prevalence rates. MHHs are usually undetectable at birth, usually detected within the first few weeks of life when the lesions proliferate. The heterogeneity of the lesions and the presence of comorbidities make often the management of infantile hepatic hemangiomas a true challenge, also for highly specialised medical professionals. Ultrasound (USG) should be the imaging examination performed in the first instance in search for vascular anomalies in children. In pharmacotherapy, the first choice treatment is propranolol and prednisone, administered orally. Invasive treatment is usually indicated in symptomatic or progressive multiple hepatic hemangiomas only. Recently published studies show a significant decrease in the incidence rate of the disease, which now ranges between 11% and 18% for treated and untreated hepatic hemangiomas, respectively.
Landscape Democracy and the Implementation of Renewable Energy Facilities
Authors: Arler Finn , Sperling Karl , Borch Kristian
Published: May 2023

Abstract: The internationally accepted goals of eliminating climate gas emissions implies substantial investments in renewable energy (RE) facilities. This will inevitably lead to major impacts on landscapes. Landscape concerns linked to RE facilities are already leading to controversies in many local communities. In this article, we focus on the question of landscape democracy related to the establishment of RE facilities. Based on recommendations from the European Landscape Convention, an analytical framework is presented identifying three main dimensions of landscape democracy, followed by an overview of arrangements, procedures and methods that are or may be used to encourage democracy. The procedures and methods are analysed based on examples from Denmark and Norway. This is followed by an analysis of decision levels with a special focus on the principle of subsidiarity. Finally, recommendations are presented to strengthen landscape democracy in relation to the installation of RE-facilities.
Influenza Vaccination Uptake and Prognostic Factors Among Health Professionals in Italy: Results From the Nationwide Sur-Veillance PASSI 2015–2018
Authors: Minardi Valentina , Gallo Rosaria , Possenti Valentina , Contoli Benedetta , Fonzo Davide Di , D’Andrea Elvira , Masocco Maria
Published: May 2023

(1) Influenza causes a significant health and socio-economic burden every year, and health personnel (HP) are at higher risk of exposure to respiratory pathogens than general population. (2) The study purpose was to describe and compare influenza vaccine uptake and its prognostic factors among Medical Doctors (MDs) and Non-Medical Health Personnel (NMHP) vs Non-HP (NHP). We analysed 2014-2018 data (N=105,608) from the Italian Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System PASSI that, since 2008, has been collecting health-related information continuously in sampled adults. (3) MDs and NMHP represented, respectively, 1.1% and 4.6% of the sample. Among HP, 22.8% (CI 19.8% - 26.1%) of MDs and 8.5% (CI 7.5% - 9.5%) of NMHP reported to have been vaccinated vs 6.3% (CI 6.1% - 6.5%) in NHP. This difference is confirmed in the three categories (MDs, NMHP, NHP), even more across age groups: in 18-34yy, respectively, 9.9%, 4.4%, 3.4% vs 28.4%, 13.9%, 10.6% in 50-64yy. PASSI surveillance shows an increasing influenza vaccination uptake over time, especially among MDs (22.2% in 2014 vs 30.5% in 2018). (4) Despite such increase, especially among younger HP, influenza vaccination uptake is low. Even more under pandemic scenarios, these figures represent key information to address effective strategies for disease prevention and health promotion.
Chemical and Biological Characterization of Green and Processed Coffee Beans from Coffea arabica Varieties
Authors: Gallardo-Ignacio Javier , Santibáñez Anislada , Oropeza-Mariano Octavio , Salazar Ricardo , Montiel-Ruiz Rosa Mariana , Cabrera-Hilerio Sandra , Gonzáles-Cortazar Manasés , Cruz-Sosa Francisco , Nicasio-Torres Pilar
Published: May 2023

: Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world; its production is based mainly on varieties of the Coffea arabica species. Mexico stands out for its specialty and organic coffee. In Guerrero the production is given by small indigenous community’s cooperatives that market their product as raw material. Official Mexican Standards stipulate the necessary requirements for its commercialization within the national ter-ritory. In this work, the physical, chemical, and biological characterizations of green, medium, and dark roasted beans from C. arabica varieties were carried out. Analysis of HPLC showed higher chlorogenic acid (55 mg/g) and caffeine (1.8 mg/g) contents in the green beans of the Bourbon and Oro Azteca varieties. The caffeine (3.88 mg/g) and melanoidins (97 and 29 mg/g) contents increased according to the level of roasting; a dissimilar effect was found in the chlorogenic acid content (14.5 mg/g). The adequate nutritional content and the sensory evaluation allowed the classification of dark roasted as premium coffee (84.25 points) and the roasted medium as specialty coffee (86.25 points). The roasted coffees presented antioxidant activity without cytotoxic effect. The results obtained will serve as a basis for making decisions on the improvements of the coffees analyzed.
Balloon-Occluded Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Modern Drug Therapy Era
Authors: Ishikawa Toru , Sato Ryo , Jimbo Ryo , Kobayashi Yuji , Sato Toshifumi , Iwanaga Akito , Sano Tomoe , Yokoyama Junji , Honma Terasu
Published: May 2023

The indications for TACE in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma have become more stringent with the development of systemic pharmacotherapy. Radical TACE is expected to be used only in situations such as for tumors with small volume which fulfill the “up-to-7”. Furthermore, a combination of molecular-targeted agents is expected to maximize the efficacy of TACE. In the intermediate stage, TACE and drug therapy play complementary roles, and it is important to select a treatment strategy that considers tumor status and hepatic reserve. However, no studies have investigated the various types of TACE in the treatment of such patients. Currently, TACE in Japan is broadly classified into conventional TACE, balloon occluded TACE (B-TACE), and drug-eluting beads TACE (DEB-TACE). This article outlines the evolution of B-TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma in the drug therapy era.
Obesity-Associated with Prediabetes Increases the Risk of Breast Cancer Development and Progression- A Study on an Obese Rat Model with Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Kallamadi Prathap Reddy , Esari Deepshika , Addi Utkarsh Reddy , Kesavan Rushendhiran , Putcha Uday Kumar , Siddavaram Nagini , Reddy Geereddy Bhanuprakash
Published: May 2023

It was found that patients with comorbidities of obesity and diabetes have a high risk of breast cancer occurrence and face worse breast cancer outcomes. Though several reports showed the reinforced link between obesity, diabetes, and prediabetes with breast cancer, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying molecular link between increased risks of breast cancer due to coincident diabetes or obesity using a spontaneous obese rat model with impaired glucose tolerance (WNIN/GR-Ob rat). A single dose of solubilized DMBA suspension (40 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to the animals at the age of 60 days to induce breast tumors. The tumor incidence, latency period, tumor frequency, and tumor volume were measured. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting were performed to evaluate the tumor morphology and expression levels of signal molecules. It was observed that the onset of breast tumor and latency period per tumor development were early in GR-Ob rats compared to respective lean rats. It was found that 62% of obese rats were bearing tumors, and in comparison, only 21% of the lean animals developed breast tumors. Overexpression of ER, PR, Ki67, and p53 markers was observed in tumor tissues of obese rats in comparison with lean rats. The levels of the hallmarks of cell proliferation and angiogenesis involved in IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway molecules were upregulated in obese rat breast tumors compared to lean rats. Furthermore, obesity with prediabetes is associated with changes in IGF-1 signaling and acts on PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling, which results in quick cell proliferation and development of breast tumors in obese rats than the lean rats. These results indicate that the onset of the tumor and its development was faster in a spontaneous obese rat model with impaired glucose tolerance than their lean counterparts, with a higher percentage of tumor incidence.
Mission of Polio Eradication in Pakistan-A Review on Challenges and Future Recommendations
Authors: Syed Abdul Rehman Shah , Raza Syeda Sadia Masood , Chishti Muhammad Abubakar Shahid , Ahmad Shahzaib , Khan Hadin Darain , Abadeen Zain ul , Khaliq Asif
Published: May 2023

Poliomyelitis, commonly known as “polio” is a paralytic and perilous disease caused by the poliovirus. Due to its highly contagious nature, the virus was a challenge to the world in the late 1980s. . Since 1988 the collective work of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and World Health Organization (WHO) through immunizations, communication awareness, and monitoring have helped the world exonerate polio. The mission of polio-free Pakistan was herculean and had confronted enormous challenges in different ways but came out with positive results. In 2019, with only two remaining polio-endemic countries, Pakistan and Afghanistan, GPEI launched an “Endgame strategy 2019-2023” which aims to eradicate polio globally, with a targeted focus, especially on polio-endemic countries, the plan emphasizes the early detection of polio cases for complete eradication and to restrict the spread of polio. Pakistan has achieved a milestone in combating polio despite having a web of factors that have thwarted Pakistan’s polio eradication efforts, but this is not the end, the struggle continues until we really get an internationally verified certification of Polio free nation, for this WHO has designed a multidisciplinary strategy 2022-2026 to really end this polio for once and for all.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Crack Propagation of the Tensile Composite Plate with the Hole
Authors: Wysmulski Pawel
Published: May 2023

The analysis concerned a thin-walled plate with a circular central hole made of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) material. The test object was subjected to a tensile test to investigate the cracking mechanism of the composite structure. The tests were performed using two independent test methods experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, the force was recorded as a function of elongation of the tensile plate and the elongation of the plate was investigated using an Aramis non-contact optical measurement system. As part of the numerical analysis, an FEM model adequate to the experimental conditions was performed in the Abaqus system. The fracture process was modeled using the extended finite element method XFEM. This approach enabled the structure of the composite to be investigated over the full range of tensile loading. The behaviour of the circular hole plate before the damage symptoms was investigated, the damage initiation force was determined, then the initial cracking and delamination of the layers were analysed, as well as the crack propagation process leading to the complete failure of the composite structure (cracking of all laminate layers).
Variable Stroke Fatigue Test Technology for Aircraft Landing Gears
Authors: Hu Botao , Chen Chao , Chen Xiangming , Zhang Chun , Chai Yanan
Published: May 2023

The fixed stroke fatigue test can not simulate the real load condition of the landing gear, and the variable stroke fatigue test has increasingly become the mainstream. A modular test device for fatigue test for aircraft landing gears was designed, the automatic control of the buffer stroke was realized with ectopic displacement control technology effectively, the horizontal loading cylinder could follow the wheel axis actively with the displacement active control technology, follow-up loading along the vertical direction was realized through constructing a polar coordinate system and making the load line automatic alignment, a split-type dummy wheel was designed to improve the loading accuracy, a booster cylinder was designed to realize the control loading of high pressure combined with the hydraulic control system. The test shows that the technical scheme meets the design requirements, and the fatigue test was completed successfully. The device for landing gear variable stroke fatigue testing can be applied to other landing gear static / fatigue tests.
The Impact of Integration between Lean Accounting & Just In Time Technique on Cost Reduction in Modern Sustainable Manufacturing Environment in Saudi Companies
Authors: Ismael Ahmed Yousif
Published: May 2023

This article purposed to examine the impact of integration between Lean accounting (LA) tools & Just in Time (JIT) technique on Cost Reduction (CR) in modern manufacturing environment in Saudi establishments, these two variable moderated by Ethical Standards (ESs). A quantitative methodology was used for realizing the study objectives and answering study questions, the main tool exercised for producing the incipient data was a fully-structured questionnaire with closed ended questions, which was designed and passed around online among a selected sample of (109) managers and accountants in Saudi manufacturing firms. Descriptive and deductive statistics adopted to derive the findings, wherefore the compiled responses analyzed by SPSS & AMOS and the results showed that there is direct and indirect effect of LA tools & JIT technique on CR in Saudi industrial companies, especially when using ESs. These findings could provide decision makers in Saudi manufacturing companies with the acuity of adopting both methods in a combined way to maximize the profits of these firms. The results of this study also suggest that the application of LA tools & JIT technique has a positive effect on the promotion of sustainable manufacture and consequent achievement of high sustainable performance.
Multi-Earthquakes in 1974 Induced Hydrological Anomaly in a Large Glacier-Fed River, the West Tibet, China
Authors: Liu Jingshi , Liu Yuting , Luo Guangming
Published: May 2023

Future climate change is expected to affect components of the hydrological cycle. However geologic factors can sometimes be more important than the climate with regarding to change hydrological processes. The Keriya River is a large glacier-fed river in the western Tibet Plateau, its upper reaches flow across active fault zones, which have experienced four medium-sized earthquakes within four months 1974. These active faults have made difficult to identify normal meltwater changes using a snow-ice melt model. Because of the seismic events, the river has experienced substantial changes in their drainage systems and complex hydrological processes. Both the Mann-Kendall trend test and a correlation analysis were applied to detect the monthly patterns of stream flows, the change points and the correlations among both summer discharge and air temperature before and after seismic events. We found significant correlations between monthly air temperature and meltwater flow in the summer June during the pre-earthquake of 1958-1974, but none in July and August in the post-earthquake of 1975-1980, and we found no correlation following the earthquake. The correlations were the inverse by losing the former and setting up the latter alternately since the multiple earthquakes. Clearly, the earthquakes and changes in the faults can greatly induce hydrological processes.
Classification of Appearance Quality of Red Grape Based on Transfer Learning of Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Zha Zhihua , Shi Dongyuan , Chen Xiaohui , Shi Hui , Wu Jie
Published: May 2023

Grapes are a globally popular fruit, with grape cultivation worldwide being second only to citrus. This article focuses on the low efficiency and accuracy of traditional manual grading of red grape external appearance and proposes a small-sample red grape external appearance grading model based on transfer learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Initially, the CNN transfer learning method was used to transfer the pre-trained AlexNet, VGG16, GoogleNet, InceptionV3, and ResNet50 network models on the ImageNet image dataset to the red grape image grading task. By comparing the classification performance of the CNN models of these five different network depths with fine-tuning, ResNet50 with a learning rate of 0.001 and a loop number of 10 was determined to be the best feature extractor for red grape images. Moreover, given the small number of red grape image samples in this study, different convolutional layer features output by the ResNet50 feature extractor were analyzed layer by layer to determine the effect of deep features extracted by each convolutional layer on SVM classification performance. This analysis helped to obtain a ResNet50+SVM red grape external appearance grading model based on the optimal ResNet50 feature extraction strategy. Experimental data showed that the classification model constructed using the feature parameters extracted from the 10th node of the ResNet50 network achieved an accuracy rate of 95.08% for red grape grading. These research results provide a reference for the online grading of red grape clusters based on external appearance quality and have certain guiding significance for the quality and efficiency of grape industry circulation and production.
Enduring Synergy of Values Integration, Critical Thinking, and Moral Reasoning in Language and Literature Education
Authors: Eslit Edgar
Published: May 2023

In today's complex and rapidly changing world, integrating values, critical thinking, and moral reasoning in language and literature education is crucial for equipping students with the skills to navigate multifaceted ethical dilemmas and become responsible global citizens. This article highlights the connection between language, literature, critical thinking, moral reasoning, and values integration in education. Through language and literature, teachers can incorporate values education in their classroom, which can benefit not only individual students but also society as a whole. Theoretical frameworks such as character education, moral education, and values education provide the basis for this approach. The researcher recommends strategies for incorporating values integration in language and literature curricula, including the use of literary texts that promote critical thinking and moral reasoning skills. The limitations of this approach, including the challenges in assessing the effectiveness of values integration and potential resistance from some stakeholders, are also discussed. Ultimately, this article aims to call on educators to take a proactive role in promoting values integration in language and literature education, guided by the principles of Jesus Christ and the belief that education is not only about acquiring knowledge but developing character as well. Moreover, this concept has a significant and lasting impact on students' overall development that highlights the importance of values and moral reasoning needed to live a better life.
The Impact of Irrationals on the Range of Arctan Activation Function for Deep Learning Models
Authors: Tümer-Sivri Talya , Pervan-Akman Nergis , Berkol Ali
Published: May 2023

Deep learning has been applied in many areas that have had a significant impact on applications that improves real-life challenges. The success of deep learning in a wide range of areas is due in part to the use of activation functions, which are particularly effective at solving non-linear problems. Activation functions are a key focus for researchers in artificial intelligence who aim to improve the performance of neural networks. This article provides a comprehensive explanation and comparison of different activation functions, with a focus on the arc tangent and its variations specifically. The paper presents experimental results that show that variations of the arc tangent using irrational numbers such as pi, the golden ratio, and Euler’s number, as well as a self-arctan function, produce promising results. Since we experimented with promising activation functions on two different problems, and datasets, we reached a result that different irrationals work well for different problems. In other words, arctan ϕ gives the best results mostly for multiclass classification and arctan e gives the best results for time series prediction problems. The paper focuses on a multiclass classification problem applied to the Reuters Newswire dataset and a time-series prediction problem on Türkiye energy trade value to show the impacts of activation functions.
Inductions of memory-like B cells and plasma-like cells from human naïve B cells in hypoxic cultures
Authors: Tokumoto Yasuhito , Araki Yasuto , Narizuka Yusuke , Mizuno Yosuke , Ohshima Susumu , Mimura Toshihide
Published: May 2023

Recently, we induced memory-like T cells from human naïve T cells in a hypoxic culture. In this study, we attempted induction of both memory B cells and plasma cells from human naïve B cells in hypoxic cultures. Although the hypoxic culture (1% O2) did not support the survival of naïve B cells, it supported the survival of B cells that were activated by interleukin 4 (IL-4) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). On activation culture Day 7, there was no survivor in 20% O2, but 29.5% of the activated B cells survived in 1% O2. Next, we withdrew both IL-4 and LPS from the B-cell culture preactivated for 7 days in 1% O2, and the culture was continued for another 7 days. As a result, 12.4% of the B cells survived. These memory-like B cells decreased in body size and number of cytoplasmic granules. Moreover, we tried to induce plasma-like cells. Human naïve B cells were activated by two-step culture for 9 days, after which all activators were withdrawn from the medium, and the cells were cultured for an additional 6 days in 1% O2. The viability was 0.2%, but over 92% of the survivors showed a CD20-/CD27+/CD38+ plasma cell phenotype.
Consumption of polypropylene by Galleria mellonella (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) larvae did not cause degenerative changes in internal organs
Authors: Rost-Roszkowska Magdalena , Mermer Patrycja , Chajec Łukasz , Sosinka Agnieszka , Wilczek Grażyna , Student Sebastian , Wrońska Anna , Karnówka Oskar
Published: May 2023

G. mellonella is a promising species for use in the biodegradation of plastics. It is easy to breed and has high resistance to diverse climatic conditions, which is particularly valuable when considering its potential application in the decomposition of plastics. Although it does not pose a direct threat to humans, the greater wax moth is a parasitic species in bee hives, contributing to the population decline of these insects. This species has demonstrated the capacity for biodegradation of the most common types of plastics, such as polyethylene and polypropylene (PP). The microbiome inhabiting the digestive system is responsible for this degradation. However, there reports on whether consumed plastics or their decomposition products will adversely affect the structure and functioning of the internal organs are rather poor. The aim of these studies was to determine whether the consumption of PP by a larger wax moth (G. mellonella) larvae caused any ultrastructural changes in the organs of the animal's body and to evaluate the survival rate of the animals and describe their reproduction. Thus, this study provided a preliminary understanding of histological and ultrastructural changes caused, or not caused, by the PP diet. We investigated whether any degenerative changes appeared in cells of selected organs – midgut, silk gland, and fat body – under PP consumption by G. mellonella caterpillars (7th instar larvae). We also examined whether there was an increase in levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in selected organs, as well as the ability of larvae to survive and undergo metamorphosis. The animals were divided into four groups: G0-C, G0-S, G0-24, and G0-48. The research was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. Our study on G. mellonella larvae fed with PP bags showed that a diet containing such plastic did not affect internal organs at the ultrastructural level. Cells in the analyzed organs – midgut, silk gland, and fat body – showed no degenerative changes. An increase in the intensity of autophagy and cell vacuolization was noted, but they probably act as a survival pathway. These observations suggest that the final larval stage of the greater wax moth can potentially be applied in PP biodegradation.
L3MBTL1, a polycomb protein, promotes Osimertinib Acquired resistance through Epigenetic Regulation of DNA damage response in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zihe , Li Yongwen , Shi Ruifeng , Xu Songlin , Zhu Guangsheng , Cao Peijun , Huang Hua , Li Xuanguang , Zhang Hongbing , Liu Minghui , Chen Chen , Liu Hongyu , Kang Chunsheng , Chen Jun
Published: May 2023

Osimertinib is a third generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) that was approved for patients with EGFR T790M resistance mutations as first- or second-line treatment for EGFR-positive patients. Resistance to Osimertinib inevitably develops and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that acquired resistance to Osimertinib is linked to an abnormal DNA damage response (DDR) and chromatin remodeling in lung adenocarcinoma cells. We found that the polycomb protein Lethal(3) Malignant Brain Tumor-Like Protein 1 (L3MBTL1) is involved in the DDR and Osimertinib resistance by regulating chromatin structure. EGFR oncogene inhibition reduced L3MBTL1 ubiquitination and stabilized its expression in Osimertinib-resistant cells. L3MBTL1 reduction combined with Osimertinib treatment significantly inhibited DNA damage, proliferation, and invasion of Osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. L3MBTL1 binds to histones throughout the genome and plays a critical role in EGFR-TKI resistance, which also competes with 53BP1 binding to H4K20Me2 and inhibits the development of drug resistance in Osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicate that L3MBTL1 inhibition represents a novel approach to circumvent EGFR-TKI acquired resistance.
A realistic upper-limb musculoskeletal model for overall muscle activation estimation
Authors: Barjavel Tristan , Proietti Tommaso , Pierella Camilla , Micera Silvestro
Published: May 2023

The human upper-limb can perform complex tasks thanks to the ability of the central nervous system (CNS) to control and modulate the activation of more than 40 muscles. A deeper understanding of the strategies implemented by the CNS to perform these movements could help develop more effective rehabilitation protocols. Unfortunately, given the large number of muscles acting on the shoulder and the arm, and their positions with respect to each other, a simultaneous electromyographic (EMG) recording of all the upper-limb's muscles is not feasible in practice. Numerical musculoskeletal models could represent a useful alternative approach to gather this kind of information. Here, we develop a new realistic upper-limb biomechanical model which uses a combination of few recorded EMG data (up to max N=16) and an inverse dynamics model to predict the overall upper-limb muscle activations (N=42). With data from five healthy subjects performing 3D upper-limb movements, the predictions from this EMG-assisted model were compared to: 1) a full set of 16 arm muscles EMG data, 2) a model using none of the these recorded EMG data (standard static-optimization). While predicted signals from the EMG-assisted and static-optimization led to a 3.4% and 2.3% error respectively in the resulting moment of joint when fed into the movement dynamics, the EMG-assisted method presented a more physiological sharing of the muscle activations and variations of errors with respect of the activations from EMG signals for non used muscles in a comparison leave-one-out method. These results demonstrate the ability of the proposed musculoskeletal model to be used as a tool to evaluate healthy motion data, and open up to the application of such a strategy to analyze impaired individuals motion data and to compare inter-subject activation behaviours in the future.
Serum Neurofilament Predicts Mortality and Indicates Accelerated Neurodegeneration in Late-Stage Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Bendig Jonas , Schnalke Nils , Klingelhoefer Lisa , Reichmann Heinz , Akgün Katja , Ziemssen Tjalf , Falkenburger Björn , Frank Anika
Published: May 2023

Background
A high percentage of dopaminergic axons are already lost at the time of diagnosis, current studies on neuroprotective agents focus mainly on the early stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Nevertheless, PD progresses slowly during the first years, making clinical trials challenging. The final phase of the disease, however, is characterized by a rapid deterioration with clinical milestones marking the transition.
Objective
To investigate whether PD is associated with increased neurodegeneration in the late stage rather than a functional or age-dependent deterioration.
Methods
Neurodegeneration was quantified in n = 118 patients with PD using serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) as a biomarker. Late-stage PD was defined by a minimum disease duration of five years. The presence of clinical milestones (hallucinations, dementia, recurrent falls, and admission to a nursing home) and mortality was determined based on chart review.
Results
sNfL was higher in patients with late-stage PD who presented at least one clinical milestone and increased with a higher number of milestones (Spearman’s ρ = 0.66, p < 0.001). Above a cut-off value of 26.9 pg/ml, death was 13.6 times more likely (95% CI: 3.53–52.3, p < 0.001), corresponding to a sensitivity of 85.0% and a specificity of 86.8% (AUC 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85–0.97). Similar values were obtained when using an age-adjusted cut-off percentile of 90% for sNfL.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the rate of ongoing neurodegeneration is higher in advanced PD than in earlier disease stages, turning patients with advanced PD into an interesting target group for neuroprotective strategies. In this context, measuring sNfL could help identify patients at risk for clinical deterioration and in addition serve as an objective outcome measure for clinical trials.
Rehabilitation Assistance System for Limb Motor Function Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Yun-an , Li Zengxi , Yu Yi
Published: May 2023

With the development and dissemination of the concept of smart medical care, people's attention to their own health and smart medical system is gradually increasing. In medical activities, the rehabilitation assistance system is very important for patients, and the family and entertainment of the rehabilitation assistance system is the general trend. At the same time, the role of the rehabilitation assistance system is largely affected by its algorithm and function settings. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce deep learning (DL) algorithms to optimize the rehabilitation assistance system. In view of the above problems, this paper used the pre-training label pre-judgment algorithm and the sample classification training method to conduct scientific research and analysis on the limb motor function rehabilitation assistance system. At the same time, a new rehabilitation assistance system including signal acquisition system, local monitoring system and medical center monitoring system was designed. The results of the experimental test showed that this new limb motor function rehabilitation assistance system could better collect the user's biological signals because of the addition of DL. The recognition of the signal has been improved to an accuracy of about 45%, which showed that the research on the rehabilitation assistance system of limb motor function based on DL could better provide unique services for the rehabilitation of patients.
Magma mass increase under Sakurajima Volcano, Japan, inferred from campaign relative gravity and leveling data from 1975 to 1992: An interpretation from volcanic gas studies
Authors: Oyanagi Ryo , Kazama Takahito , Kazahaya Ryunosuke , Miyagi Isoji , Yamamoto Keigo , Iguchi Masato
Published: May 2023

Temporal variations of volume and mass in the magma chambers of Sakurajima Volcano were modeled using leveling and relative gravity data collected around the volcano during the eruptive period from 1975 to 1992, to reveal a physical mechanism for the excessive gravity increase observed at the volcano. The following two deflation sources were estimated from the leveling data: a deeper source of -4.2 ×106 m3/yr located 8000 m deep beneath Aira Caldera, and a shallower source of -7.25 × 105 m3/yr located 3600 m deep beneath the center of Sakurajima Volcano. These deflation sources cannot fully explain the gravity increase of up to 15.75 microGal/yr observed at the volcano, because a gravity increase of only <3.27 microGal/yr is expected from the two deflation sources. After the effect of the deflation sources was subtracted from the observed gravity change, the residual gravity of up to 12.48 microGal/yr was then modeled by a point mass increase under the volcano. The estimated rate of the mass increase was 4.50 × 1010 kg/yr, and the position of the point mass agreed with that of the shallower magma chamber within its error range. This result suggests that the shallower magma chamber gained mass despite the chamber deflation during the 1975-1992 eruptive period, and can be quantitatively explained by the accumulation of degassed magma in the shallower chamber. Our modeling results also suggest the importance of gravimetry in addition to crustal deformation observations in quantifying the rate of magma mass supply, because the magma supply to the deeper chamber was calculated to be +5.39 × 1010 kg/yr from the gravity and leveling data, which is six times greater than that calculated from the leveling data only.
Congenital Hemangiomas with Hypovolemic Shock, Anemia and Prolonged Jaundice in a Neonate: A Case Report.
Authors: Aslamzai Mansoor , Hakimi Turyalai , Mokhlis Abdul Hakim
Published: May 2023

Background: Congenital hemangioma is an extremely rare congenital anomaly in newborn babies and may complicate life-threatening events, including bleeding.
Case Presentation: We present a very rare case of noninvoluting congenital hemangiomas along with hypovolemic shock, anemia, and prolonged jaundice in a six-day-old girl. Clinically, they were observed at birth and complicated by bleeding, hypovolemic shock, anemia, and jaundice during the first two weeks of life. These diseases were diagnosed by medical history, physical examination, blood analysis, and doppler ultrasonography of the skin lesion. Her critical condition improved after supportive treatment, and she was discharged from the hospital. Since the index case of congenital hemangioma was associated with parental consanguinity, a genetic basis may have played a role in the pathogenesis of this anomaly. Furthermore, there will be an association between congenital hemangioma and prolonged neonatal jaundice.
Discussion and Conclusions: Congenital hemangiomas can result in life-threatening complications and may have a role in the pathogenesis of prolonged neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.