bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Family Study Programme using a Competency-Based Framework in a Medical College of Delhi
Authors: Maroof K. A. , Khandala P. , Patra S. , Tanvir T. , Soni H. , Bhasin S. K.
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Diminishing Covid-19 disruptions required hurried and less well planned juxtaposition of the existing family study programme with the new competency-based curriculum for second-year medical students in Community Medicine. We evaluated the family study programme to identify its alignment with the Competency-based curriculum and the facilitators and barriers of this teaching programme.Methodology: A mixed-methods study was conducted between March and May 2022 in the Department of Community Medicine in a medical college in North India. The Core Components Framework was used to assess the alignment of family study programmes with the Competency-based curriculum. Data collection was done using in-depth interviews and online feedback forms.Results: It was found that teaching related to 50% of the specific learning objectives was achieved by the end of the teaching programme. Mostly knowledge-based questions were asked during assessment and no framework was used for the assessment. Interactive modes of learning and demonstrations were reported to be facilitators, whereas monotony of the teaching method and lack of certain learning aids were reported as barriers to learning. It was found that assessors could not identify the sequential progress of the specific learning objectives.Conclusion: Even though the teaching related to the specific learning objectives was partially fulfilled, the assessment was not aligned with the expected outcomes. There is a need to develop milestones in the competency-based family study programme.
Impact of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents’ Case Logs
Authors: Cheah G. H. S. , Lee J. C. S. , Tan L. K. , Mathur M.
Published: October 2023

No abstract available
The Learning Styles and Academic Performance of Nursing Undergraduates in a Sri Lankan Defence University
Authors: Gamage G. P. , Gamage C. K. W. , Sudusinghe W. S.
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Learning styles play a significant role in the academic performance of nursing undergraduates. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between preferred learning styles and academic performance among nursing undergraduates in a defence university in Sri Lanka.Methodology: The study was conducted as a descriptive correlational study among nursing undergraduates studying at General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka. The socio-demographic data, preferred learning styles, and academic performance were evaluated by a general questionnaire, Honey and Mumford questionnaire, and via last Semester's Grade Point Average (SGPA) respectively. The data analysis was performed by SPSS 23.0. The relationship between preferred learning styles and academic performance was determined using the Pearson correlation test while the mean differences between SGPA and preferred learning styles were determined using one-way ANOVA.Results: The response rate of the participants was 69.6% (n=126), and their average (SD) age was 23.65(3.82) years. Reflector had the highest mean (SD) score (7.931.57), and Activist had the lowest (6.161.61). Activist (p = 0.002, r = -0.356) and Theorist (p = 0.048, r = -0.234) had significant negative correlations with SGPA. There was no significant difference between the SGPAs of the four student batches (p=0.095). There was no significant difference in mean SGPA among the four batches (p=0.095). Activist (p=0.004), Theorist (p=0.034) and Reflector (p=0.03) had significant mean differences among the four batches. The Activist (p=0.002, r = -0.356), and Theorist (p=0.048, r = -0.234) had negative significant correlations with SGPA.Conclusion: The results of the current study can be applied and used to improve the teaching and learning experiences of nursing undergraduates.
The Importance of English Language Proficiency for the Success of Nursing Education in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sudusinghe W. S. , Gamage C. K. W.
Published: October 2023

There is an ever-growing demand for Sri Lankan nurses to be recruited for work placements overseas. Before being considered for employment abroad, nurses who are from the English as a Second Language context are usually asked to provide evidence of English language proficiency. Therefore, there is a parallel need to enhance their English language skills with the demand. Hence, improving the English Language among nursing students is vital as they seek to meet future healthcare needs globally. This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by nursing students due to low English Language proficiency and recommend mechanisms to overcome those challenges. Academic writing, understanding medical jargon, communication in health care settings, reading and comprehension are some of the major challenges seen among nursing students. These challenges lead to Second Language Anxiety, poor academic performance, and higher dropout rates in nursing education programmes. Therefore, it is high time policymakers and the authorities of higher education get together and mitigate the challenges in English language learning among nursing students in Sri Lanka by developing proper mechanisms; making English a compulsory subject, improving the use of medical terminology, improving communication skills in English and providing financial support to pursue professional courses in English. This will enable the nurses to provide quality and sustainable health care for the patients and pave the way for a promising future for the nursing profession in Sri Lanka.
A Case Study Exemplifying Implementation of the “Socratic Method” of Teaching in Medical Education
Authors: Agarwal M. , Agarwal S. , Basu R. , Choudhary M.
Published: October 2023

No abstract available
Calorie restriction potentiates epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated Nrf2 activation in hepatocytes of aged rats
Authors: Ravindran Rajeswari , Manuel Malathi , Mohan Thangarajeswari , Jaganathan Ravindran , Periandavan Kalaiselvi
Published: October 2023

Objective:

To explore the combinatorial effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and calorie restriction on activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor involved in the antioxidant defense system of aged rats.

Methods:

Aged male Wistar rats were calorie-restricted and treated with EGCG orally for 45 days. The initial body weight of aged rats was recorded, and the final body weight was measured at the end of the experimental period. Serum lipid and lipoprotein status, oxidative stress markers such as free radicals and malondialdehyde levels, and reduced glutathione were assessed. In addition, RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses were performed.

Results:

Calorie restriction potentiated the effect of EGCG on enhancing antioxidant status, improving the levels of serum lipid and lipoproteins, upregulating Nrf2 and Bcl2, and downregulating Keap1, cullin3, Bax and cytochrome c in aged rats.

Conclusions:

Calorie restriction can promote EGCG-mediated Nrf2 activation in aged rats. This preliminary finding paves the way for a combinatory approach to replenishing the antioxidant status during aging, thereby reducing the risk for age-associated degenerative diseases.
Mucosal immune probiotic vector vaccines: Development and prospects for application in COVID-19
Authors: Zha Renyun , Yi Boyang , Liao Conghui , Li Xiaokang , Lu Jiahai
Published: October 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of infectious disease characterized by significant morbidity, symptomatic manifestations, and severe outcomes. Vaccines have proven to be an effective means of impeding the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and have been widely employed globally. Despite breakthroughs such as mRNA vaccine, intramuscular COVID-19 vaccine still faces numerous chanllenges, such as failure to completely avoid infections, high cost, and difficult transport conditions. The mucosa is the primary site through which SARS-CoV-2 invades the body and may induce effective immune responses. In the face of the increasing immune escape capacity of the Omicron variants and the potential outbreak of a new round of epidemics, it is imperative to develop a new generation of mucosal immune vaccines to prevent infection, which is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract, along with its severe and fatal consequences. Probiotics have not only been used as safe raw materials for fermented foods but have also been developed as oral or nasal vaccine vectors for various pathogens in recent years, showing good mucosal and systemic immune effects in animals or humans. Although the antigen delivery technology based on protein anchoring on the surface of probiotics is rarely applied to COVID-19, probiotic-based vaccines aim at a new development direction for COVID-19 vaccines with low cost, high safety, and potential mucosal immune programs. In this review, we will discuss in detail the feasibility, advantages, and possible limitations of probiotics as a mucosal immune vaccine vector, which will be conducive to coping with the current situation of COVID-19.
First molecular detection of influenza D virus in cattle from commercial farm in Nigeria, Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Anjorin Abdul-Azeez A. , Moronkeji Gideon O. , Temenu Goodness O. , Maiyegun Omolade A. , Fakorede Christopher O. , Ajoseh Samuel O. , Salami Wasiu O. , Abegunrin Rebecca O. , Amisu Kehinde O. , Akinyemi Kabiru O.
Published: October 2023

Objective:

To carrry out molecular surveillance of influenza D virus (IDV) in cattle in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods:

Prospective epidemiological investigation was initiated in a large commercial farm market where animals in open pens were reared, sold, and butchered under poor hygienic conditions without adequate biosecurity measures. A total of 80 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from cattle between October and November 2021. The samples were extracted using an RNA purification kit (NIMR). RNA extracts were amplified following a two-step PCR using FIREScript RT cDNA synthesis kit (Solis Biodyne, Estonia), followed by PCR OneTaq Quick-load 2X master-mix (NEB, UK) in a Rotor-Gene thermocycler (Qiagen, Germany). Amplicons were detected using a 1.5% Gel electrophoresis.

Results:

In total, 32.5% (26/80) IDV was detected in cattle. Sick animals showed higher burden of IDV with 65.4% (17/26) than 34.6% (9/26) in a healthy population, including 88.2% (15/17) cattle with diarrhoea and 11.8% (2/17) with nausea having IDV. An incidence of 69.2% (18/26) by sex was recorded in bull, which was more than twice compared to 30.7% (8/26) in cow. Age prevalence showed 62.2% (18/26), the highest detection in cattle of four years old, followed by 23.1% (6/26) in five years old, while the lowest 7.7% (2/26) was recorded in three years old.

Conclusions:

To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first molecular detection of IDV in Nigeria and West Africa sub-region. It underscores the need for continuous surveillance of IDV at the animal-human interface.
Neurological Manifestations of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoimmunity in Indian Patients
Authors: Thevarkalam Meena , Kannoth Sudheeran , Nambiar Vivek , Gopinath Siby , Mathai Annamma , Anandakuttan Anandkumar , Krishnan Sajitha , Bhaskaran Renjitha
Published: October 2023

Objective:

To study the neurological manifestations of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65) autoimmunity in Indian patients.

Methods:

Retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care referral hospital in South India. Patients who tested positive for GAD 65 antibodies from February 2013 to July 2019 were included.

Results:

We identified 922 patients who underwent GAD 65 testing, of which 81 tested positive (8.78%) [mean age 55.42 years (SD 17.39, range 9–86 years, median age 57 years)]. Males (n = 47) outnumbered the females (n = 34). All the GAD values measured were <5000 IU/ml. There were 34 cases (42%) of atypical parkinsonism (16/34, 47% fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for autoimmune atypical parkinsonism) in our series forming the most common group with GAD 65 positivity, followed by autoimmune encephalitis (8 cases, 9.88%). Men were more affected with atypical parkinsonism (22/34; 64.70%), stiff person syndrome (2/3; 66.66%), and neuropathy (4/7; 57.1%) while women were more with autoimmune encephalitis (6/8; 75%). Eighteen (22.6%) had underlying autoimmunity (three had type 1 diabetes mellitus). Six (7.4%) had underlying neoplasm. Thirty-three out of 43 patients responded to immunotherapy (76.74%). Five had spontaneous improvement.

Conclusion:

Glutamic acid decarboxylase65 antibody values were much lower in our study population. Male-dominant autoimmunity was seen unlike that in Western literature. The most striking was the high preponderance of atypical parkinsonism in GAD 65-positive patients. We also found that GAD 65 positivity is a useful marker for a positive response to immunotherapy in suspected autoimmune neurological syndromes irrespective of their titers.
The Impact of Elevated Troponin Levels on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pitliya Aakanksha , AlEdani Esraa M. , Bhangu Japneet K. , Javed Khalid , Manshahia Prabhleen K. , Nahar Shamsun , Kanda Srishti , Chatha Uzair , Odoma Victor , Mohammed Lubna
Published: October 2023

The association between high cardiac troponin (cTn) levels and stroke characteristics and outcomes remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical implications of elevated cTn levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Research Gate databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published in English up to May 2023. This study included all reports on serum cTn levels and AIS. Two independent reviewers assessed study quality and bias using study-specific tools before inclusion. The systematic review included a total of 14 articles with 16906 participants, including one systematic review, one randomized controlled trial (RCT), and 12 observational studies. The results of this systematic review indicate that the prevalence of high cTn levels is averaged at 17.9%, or 1 in 5 individuals, who have an AIS. The review emphasizes the detrimental effects of increased cTn levels on outcomes for in-hospital and all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular outcomes in patients with AIS. These results demonstrate that serum cTn has the potential to be a useful tool for risk classification and prognostic assessment in individuals with AIS. AIS patients with elevated serum cTn at baseline have an increased risk of mortality. Early and routine evaluation of serum cTn may contribute to the timely detection of co-morbid cardiovascular injury and prevent unfavorable outcomes in patients with AIS.
Instruments to Measure Betel Quid Dependency among Young and Adult Chewers – A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authors: Deshpande Ashwini , Nagi Ravleen , Byatnal Amit , Lingappa Ashok , Ashok Sujatha , Sahu Pitambra
Published: October 2023

Background:

Betel quid (BQ) consumption is prevalent globally, majorly consumed in South-Asia and South-East Asian countries. Among the other country studies done on BQ, the focus has been on its consumption prevalence, its physiological and psychological effects, and aids to discontinue this habit. Systematic literature research on suitability of different instruments (metric or scale) to measure BQ dependency is scarce, hence pointing to the need of more evidence-based studies in this domain.

Aim:

The aim of the article was to identify the instruments used in the published literature to measure BQ dependency among young and adult chewers and draw a comparison.

Methodology:

The electronic retrieval systems and databases PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched independently by two authors from January 2011 to September 2022 for the collection of desired data.

Results:

Among 1271 articles, 337 were duplicates and removed, 866 did not meet selection criteria. Out of 68 articles, 57 were excluded due to the lack of relevant data. Finally, only 11 articles were included for the analysis in this systematic review.

Conclusion:

Due to a scarcity of researches in this direction, no scale can be assigned as the best Dependence Scale, thus necessitating more such systematic reviews and meta-analysis for better comprehension and usage of present dependence scales.
To Evaluate and Compare the Effect of Various Surface Treatment Modalities on Shear Bond Strength of Composite to Polyetherketoneketone and SEM Analysis: An In vitro Study
Authors: Chopra Arushi , Goswami Roma , Saxena Deepesh , Trivedi Anshul
Published: October 2023

Context:

It is a challenge to bond resin materials with polyetherketoneketone (PEKK). To increase the bond strength, surface treatments using chemical adhesion, mechanical adhesion, or a combination of both can be used.

Aims:

The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of PEKK to the composite resin after various surface treatments and to evaluate the fracture mode analyses.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and twenty PEKK specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 30) after three different surface treatments (95% sulfuric acid etching, airborne abrasion with 110 μm aluminum-oxide, and 99% acetone). With the help of polytetrafluorethylene tube, resin composite (3M ESPE) was bonded on all the specimens, thermocycled, and subjected to shear bond strength testing. Thereafter, 15 samples from each group were assessed for fracture mode analyses using a scanning electron microscope.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Mean, Standard deviation, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) f-test, post hoc Tukey’s test.

Results:

Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA f-test revealed that the results were significant with a P < 0.05 with the maximum value obtained in the case of air abraded group and the minimum value obtained in the case of the untreated group. Adhesive failure mode was the most common among the air-abraded group.

Conclusions:

The mechanical surface treatment group (air abrasion) showed higher shear bond strength than the chemical surface treatment groups (sulfuric acid and acetone). The mixed-type fracture mode was most commonly noted in the air-abraded group.
Clinical, Histological, and Molecular Perspective on Regenerating Nonvital Immature Teeth
Authors: Claudia García-Guerrero , Tania Mora-Pinza , Sara Quijano-Guauque , Carolina Leal-Fernández , Paula Baldión-Elorza
Published: October 2023

Background:

Disinfection and dentin conditioning promote a favorable scenario for regenerative endodontic treatment. Clinical reports have confirmed periapical normality with high variability in disinfection protocols; nevertheless, the nature of neoformed tissue varied between them. Thus, this study aimed to present the impact of disinfection protocols on the clinical, histological, and molecular outcomes of regenerative endodontics procedures in permanent teeth with incomplete root formation.

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen teeth with incomplete root formation which required endodontic regenerative treatment were treated with different disinfection and conditioning agents and followed under clinical control. One case was evaluated under histological and immunohistochemical analyses.

Results:

Clinical outcomes revealed periapical repair in 17/18 cases. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the neoformation of the dentinal matrix and its mineralization.

Conclusions:

Chemical conditioning could impact the outcome of regenerative endodontic procedures. The histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed the nature of the newly formed tissue that correlates with the clinical outcome.
In vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Annona muricata on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-15 Cell Lines and its Effect On Expression of Bcl 2-associated X protein, B-cell C/Lymphoma 2 and p53 Genes
Authors: Mary S. Jeslin , Veeravarmal Veeran , Tharmasahayam Isaac Joseph , Augustine Percy Ida , Angelin D. , Nassar Mohamed Hanifa Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Background:

Due to their wide spectrum of phytochemical components and lack of side effects, the use of plants for the prevention and treatment of cancer has recently attracted increased attention. One among them is Annona muricata, commonly called soursop. According to recent investigations, several types of cancer have been successfully treated using this plant’s extracts. However, studies on oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are very limited.

Aim:

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic potential of leaf extract of A. muricata (LEAM) against oral tongue SCC-15 cell lines, using in vitro assays.

Materials and Methods:

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dipenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to assess cytotoxic activity, and the apoptotic effect was determined using gene expression analyses of Bcl 2-associated X protein (Bax), B-cell C/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and tumor-suppressor phosphoprotein (p53).

Results:

Significant cytotoxicity (P ≤ 0.05) with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 40 μg/ml was observed with the LEAM on SCC-15 cell lines. A highly significant decrease was observed in Bcl-2 gene expression (P < 0.05), whereas p53 and BAX genes revealed a highly significant increase (P < 0.05) when SCC-15 cell lines were treated with LEAM in the study group compared to the control.

Conclusion:

These results show that LEAM has the potential for development as a therapeutic agent for cytotoxicity, particularly on oral SCC cells, following further investigation.
Laparoscopic ultrasonography along with staging laparoscopy as a tool for staging in patients with hepatopancreaticobiliary malignancy – A prospective cohort study from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Rai Sanjeet Kumar , Sarangi Shakti Swaroop , Asuri Krishna , Prajapati Om Prakash , Goyal Ankur , Bansal Virinder Kumar
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

Staging laparoscopy (SL) plays an important role in avoiding unnecessary non-therapeutic laparotomy in radiologically resectable hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) malignancy patients. The limitation of SL is to detect deep-seated malignancy. The addition of laparoscopic ultrasonography for identifying metastatic lesions or locally unresectable disease improves the diagnostic yield of SL.

Patients and Methods:

This prospective, observational study was conducted in a single unit of the tertiary care centre between 2017 and 2019. All the patients of HPB malignancy who were radiologically resectable underwent SL and laparoscopic intraoperative ultrasonography. Metastatic disease patients were either underwent palliative bypass procedures or abandoned depending on the condition of the patient. Patients who had resectable disease underwent standard surgical procedures.

Results:

Forty patients of HPB malignancy with potentially resectable on radiological imaging underwent SL and diagnostic ultrasonography. Out of 40, 21 patients had periampullary, 14 had carcinoma gallbladder and 5 patients had distal cholangiocarcinoma. Metastatic lesions were identified on laparoscopy in eight patients and the diagnostic yield of SL is 20%. Addition of laparoscopic ultrasonography identified one haemangioma which was false positive on laparoscopy and underwent the radical standard procedure. Four patients were unresectable so the procedure was abandoned and another three patients underwent a bypass procedure.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic ultrasonography during SL can detect deep-seated metastatic lesions and decide the management in resectable disease.
Examining the Wiki Experience: EFL Students' Perspectives on Online Collaborative Writing
Authors: GEÇKİNLİ Fikri
Published: October 2023

In recent years, there has been a considerable growth in the usage of Web 2.0 technologies by a bigger user base, such as wikis, blogs, and podcasts. This tendency has resulted in significant breakthroughs in the field of English language instruction, particularly for students learning English as a foreign language. The major goal of this study was to determine the extent to which learners gain from a specific type of writing practice including peer-correction via wikis. According to the preliminary data, learners not only improve their writing skills, but also grow their social skills. This is accomplished by mutual support and coaching among students during the writing process, which results in an improvement in metacognitive methods and overall writing performance. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of the results and provides recommendations for further research.
"Das Zeitlose ist von kürzester Dauer": Interviews, Meinungen und Proteste 1891–1931
Authors: Schnitzler Arthur
Published: October 2023

Eine »öffentliche Biographie« Arthur Schnitzlers im Spiegel der Zeit - in bislang unerforschten Interviews, Meinungen und Protesten. Arthur Schnitzler gab angeblich keine Interviews, vermied es, Umfragen zu beantworten und äußerte sich nicht öffentlich. Doch über 180 weitgehend vergessene, bislang unerforscht Texte widerlegen diese Behauptung und bieten ein neues Bild seiner öffentlichen Person. Die Interviews, Meinungsäußerungen und Leserbriefe belegen Schnitzlers Bedeutung als Leserbriefschreiber und Interviewpartner für seine Zeitgenossinnen und Zeitgenossen. Martin Anton Müllers Edition stellt eine »öffentliche Biografie« dar, die dokumentiert, was man schon zu Lebzeiten von der Privatperson Schnitzlers wissen konnte. Der ausführliche Kommentar erläutert Fakten und Hintergründe, das Register erleichtert den Zugang und das Nachwort bietet eine vorzügliche Überblicksdarstellung. Insgesamt ergibt sich aus dieser Edition ein überraschendes Bild des berühmten Autors Arthur Schnitzler, der entgegen seiner angeblichen Zurückhaltung, in der Öffentlichkeit ein engagierter und eloquenter Gesprächspartner und Schriftsteller war.
ANTIOXIDANT, INHIBITION OF ADVANCED GLYCATION END-PRODUCT FORMATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM (SCENT LEAF) METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST Escherichia coli AND Bacillus SPP
Authors: Momoh J. O. , Ayinde F. A. , Awote O. K. , Adekunle O. M. , Obayomi A. A.
Published: October 2023

The study investigates the antioxidant, inhibition of advanced glycation end-product formation and antimicrobial activities of methanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum. GC-MS, qualitative, antioxidant scavenging and antiglycation activities of the extract of Ocimum gratissimum were determined using standard procedures. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using standard methods. The GC-MS analysis of Ocimun gratissimum leaf revealed the presence of 49 compounds with P –cymene been the most abundant. The phytochemical screening of the extract shows the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolic, flavonoids, saponins etc. The in-vitro antioxidant assay of the extract was found to have ?-carotene, lycopene, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid compounds, reducing power and DPPH scavenging activities. The extract showed significant inhibitory effects on the formation of compounds containing two carbonyl groups and Advanced Glycated End products formation with IC50 of 75.85 ±4.87 µg/mL. Agar well diffusion assay was characterized by inhibition zones of 21.0 ± 0.30, 19.66 ± 0.20, 33.78± 0.30 and 33.25 ± 0.40 mm for Escherichia coli and Bacillus spp respectively at 250 mg/ml for Ocimun gratissimum and 25 mg/ml for tetracycline solution. The MIC values for E.coli and Bacillus spp were 33.33, 66.67, 0.78 and 0.78 for both extract and tetracycline while their MBC values were 66.67, 133.00, 1.56 and 1.56 respectively. MBC/MIC values showed that Ocimun gratissimum extract and tetracycline had bactericidal effects. These results indicated that Ocimum gratissimum possesses antioxidant, prevents glycation and has antimicrobial activities.
LEVELS OF SOME ADDITIVES IN ARTISANAL FOODS OBTAINED FROM GBOKO METROPOLIS AND THE TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: ASAAR G. B. , ANHWANGE B. A. , OKLO A. B.
Published: October 2023

The concentration of potassium bromate, monosodium glutamate and tartrazine was determined in some commonly consumed artisanal foods sold around Gboko metropolis using chromatographic methods. Results from the analysis showed that the concentration of monosodium glutamate ranged from 256.3 - 307.5 mg/kg. The concentration of Tartrazine was observed to range from 92. 8 to 268.5 mg/kg while that of potassium bromate was 19.8 to 268.2 mg/kg. The food additives were administered to three Wistar albino rats for seven weeks to evaluate the weight (M1, M2 and M3) of the Wistar rats. The results showed a steady increase in the weight of all sample cases implying that the weight of the weight was dependent on the amount of the additives consumed by the rats for all three additives. The concentration of the additives in the liver of the rats showed a similar trend as there was a steady increase in the weight of the liver of the rats for all additives considered. The percentage weight gain followed the trend: potassium bromate > monosodium glutamate > tartrazine. The histological data obtained from the photomicrographs of the kidney showed the damaging ability of the additives. The results implied that consumption of artisanal foods spiked with additives pose a great health risk and should be discouraged.
ACTIVATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBON OBTAINED FROM COCONUT SHELLS.
Authors: Umweni I. M. , Gold I. L. , Imoisi O. B. , Ezoguan V. O. , Ekhator J. O. , Orji-Nwosu E. C.
Published: October 2023

The objective of this project was to conduct physical and chemical characterization of the carbon derived from carbonized coconut shells using a charcoal kiln at a temperature of 656°C. The carbon of particle sizes of 0.5mm and 2mm where activated using three chemical activating agents H3PO4, KOH, and NaCl. The physico-chemical characterization conducted includes particle size analysis, Bulk density, pH, moisture content and iodine number determination using standard procedures. The analysis of the three activated carbons indicated that under conditions of preparation, the activated carbon possess high efficiencies of activation with iodine number ranging from 662.88mg/g - 854.37mg/g (H3PO4), 216.09mg/g -850.37mg/g (KOH) and 262.78mg/g -846.02mg/g (NaCl) for 0.5mm activated carbon and for 2mm activated carbon, iodine number values were 318.48mg/g -836.02mg/g (H3PO4), 150.90mg/g-818.43mg/g(KOH) and 206.78mg/g-712.75mg/g (NaCl).
Application of VTB in NPD - Suspension System in Quad Bike
Authors: Abhinav Chepuri Sai , Siva Prasad Kowdodi
Published: October 2023

The development of a suspension system is a complex process that requires extensive testing and evaluation to ensure safety and performance. This technical paper focuses on the product development of a suspension system and the use of a test bench to evaluate its performance. The suspension system is an essential component of any vehicle, providing stability, handling, and ride comfort. The paper outlines the design process, including material selection and component placement, and explains the importance of simulation tools in the design phase. The test bench is used to simulate various road conditions and assess the suspension system's performance under different loads and driving conditions. The paper discusses the parameters that are measured during testing, including vertical acceleration, wheel displacement, and dynamic forces. The results of the test bench analysis are used to optimize the design and identify areas for improvement. The paper concludes with a discussion of the benefits of using a test bench in the suspension system development process. It highlights the importance of accurate and reliable testing to ensure that the final product meets safety and performance standards. Overall, this technical paper provides valuable insights into the development and testing of suspension systems, which can be applied to other automotive products.
Optimizing Tensile Strength in FRP Composites: Enhanced Fiber-Matrix Compositions
Authors: Azim Mohd , Salman Ammar , Ahmad Emad , Alim Md Kashif , Ariz Mohd , Sufiyan Md
Published: October 2023

In the world of construction materials Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) have emerged as a choice due to their impressive strength, lightweight nature and resistance to corrosion. This study focuses on enhancing the strength of FRP composites by exploring new combinations of reinforcing fibres and matrix materials. The historical challenges with corrosion in steel-reinforced structures led to the development of FRPs. Early innovators like Leo Baekeland and Norman de Bruyne played a role in laying the groundwork for composite materials, which found important applications in aviation, building panels and more. This study investigates how different percentages of glass fibers affect the properties of FRP composites. Glass fibers, thinner than hair but stronger than steel when compared by weight were combined with epoxy resin to create these composite materials. Through experimentation and analysis, we fabricated composites with varying volume fractions (0%, 1%, 2% and 3%) of glass fibres. These samples were then subjected to testing using a universal testing machine. The findings from this study provide contributions to the field of construction materials and engineering. The developed FRP composites do not address the long-standing corrosion issues associated with traditional steel-reinforced concrete but also offer a versatile and durable solution, for various applications. The effective incorporation of these cutting-edge materials into structures holds the potential for longer-lasting durability decreased expenses for upkeep and enhanced structural strength. Moreover, this study establishes the groundwork for progress in composite materials opening avenues for sustainable and resilient infrastructures, in the future.
PROTEIN SPARING USING SAGO STARCH ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TIGER GROUPER, EPINEPHELUS FUSCOGUTTATUS ♀ × GIANT GROUPER, E. LANCEOLATUS ♂ HYBRID
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, ISMAIL RUZIAH , YONG ANNITA SEOK-KIAN ,   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, LIM LEONG SENG ,   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, SHAPAWI ROSSITA ,   Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Published: October 2023

Starch is an important non-protein energy source in the practical diets for fish and its optimal inclusion can maximise the use of dietary protein for growth. In the present study, a feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of protein sparing with carbohydrates on growth and diet digestibility in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus). Diets were formulated with lowered levels of protein (50% to 45% and 40%) and increased levels of starch (20% to 25% and 30%). At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance and body indices (except for viscerosomatic index) were not significantly influenced (P > 0.05) by the dietary treatments. In contrast, the whole-body proximate fish and liver compositions depended on the test diets. The dietary starch influences the haematological parameters, even though no clear trend was observed. Meanwhile, the apparent digestibility coefficient of protein and lipid was considered high in all experimental diets. Overall, the diet with protein level lowered to 45% and starch level increased to 30% performed as well as the control diet, indicating some ability of hybrid grouper to utilise sago starch as an energy source to spare protein.
DELEVOPING GREEN BEHAVIOUR IN INDONESIA: WHY DOES ADIWIYATA SCHOOL MATTER?
Authors:   Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, UTOMO MOHAMAD HADI , SUHARTI LIELI ,   Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, SASONGKO GATOT ,   Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, SUGIARTO AGUS ,   Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
Published: October 2023

In line with the increase of complexity in environmental problems due to overexploitation, it is necessary to care for the environmental program. Ecological literacy education needs to be realised in the programs of environmental care. One of the programs carried out by the government of the Republic of Indonesia to foster a sense of love for the environment for students is the Adiwiyata School program. This study aims to determine the importance of the Adiwiyata school program in an effort to increase students’ ecological literacy. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive with interview, observation and documentation as data collection techniques. The informants involved in this study are school stakeholders who have implemented national-level Adiwiyata schools, including principals, teachers, parents of students, students, officials of the environmental agency and officials of the education office. Results of the research show that the Adiwiyata school program is carried out in several dimensions: Integration of environmentally friendly behaviour in learning, carrying out environmentally friendly actions in the community around the school, establishing cooperation and communication networks, conducting campaigns and publications on environmentally friendly behaviour, forming and empowering Adiwiyata cadres.
PRIORITISATION OF ANTILIPIDEMIC IN SURFACE WATER OF MALAYSIA USING A RISK-BASED APPROACH
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, BUDIN KAMSIA , ZAHARI NUR ZAIDA ,   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, HASSAN SURIANI ,   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, SHAKAR ALYA AFIQAH ,   Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Published: October 2023

Pharmaceutical is essential for modern human society, however when they are released into the environment, they may harm non-target organisms. This study investigates the potential of antilipidemic to exert biological effects on aquatic organisms by determining the risk of antilipidemic to algae, fish, and invertebrates. Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs) were determined from fractional excretion and emission from wastewater treatment of antilipidemic which was obtained from numerous trusted sources. The Risk Quotient (RQ) was defined from PEC/ PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration). The study shows that gemfibrozil has the highest PEC, followed by simvastatin, rosuvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin, fenofibrate, cholestyramine and ciprofibrate. However, based on the risk assessment, all the antilipidemic drugs obtained a value of RQ < 0.01 which indicates the antilipidemic has a significantly low risk towards aquatic organisms in Malaysia.
CHOLERA PANDEMIC IN MALAYA: A CASE STUDY IN THE STATE OF KEDAH, 1907–1940
Authors:   Kompleks Penjara Bentong, SAHIDAN MUHAMMAD HABIL , ABDULLAH MOHD FIRDAUS ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, MOHD NOOR ARBA’IYAH ,   Universiti Malaya, MOHAMED HASSAN NORAINI ,   Universiti Malaya
Published: October 2023

This study aims to identify how far the cholera pandemic in the State of Kedah influenced the British in dealing with the pandemic from 1907 to 1940. The cholera pandemic in Malaya posed a threat to public health and economic viability. Kedah faced a severe spread of cholera, which caused Alor Setar to be declared an unhealthy city in Malaya in the 20th century. The authorities performed various efforts and actions to curb the spread of cholera in Kedah throughout the period stated. This study is a historical study that utilises the qualitative and quantitative methods fully. Resources and materials were obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia, National Archives of Malaysia Kedah/ Perlis Branch, National Library of Malaysia, Kedah State Public Library, Chief Minister of Kedah Office, Public Higher Education Institution Libraries throughout Malaysia, etc. Until today, studies relating to the cholera pandemic in Malaya are lacking overall among researchers, even though through historical experiences, the pandemic shows that the spread of the disease has long occurred and relates to the health threat today. This study addresses historical experiences as references to enhance the nation’s policies and health security. The results indicate that the Kedah government had successfully controlled the spread of cholera in the state within the specified period. The state government was also responsible for ensuring public health issues in Kedah could be solved to produce a better life.
IMPROVING THE WASTE WATER QUALITY OF CATFISH FARMING POND THROUGH PHYTOREMEDIATION PROCESS BATCH CULTURE SYSTEM USING VARIOUS TYPES OF LOCAL HYDROMACROPHYTES
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, RETNANINGDYAH CATUR , SA’ADAH UMI ,   Universitas Brawijaya, FEBRIANSYAH SATRIA CAHYA ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the batch culture phytoremediation model conducted in a 30 L bucket with sand and gravel as a substrate in reducing pollutants from post-harvest catfish farming ponds. This true experimental study used a completely randomised design with the treatments of hydromacrophytes of emergent, floating, submerged, and polycultures of the three hydromacrophytes and controls without hydromacrophytes. Each treatment was repeated three times. The effectiveness of this model was monitored using physicochemical water parameters, Chironomidae density, and the biotic index of diatom [Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Percentage of Pollution Tolerant Value (%PTV)]. After incubation, monitoring was done on days 10, 15, 20, and 25. The results showed that the phytoremediation process had successfully reduced the suspended solid and nitrate levels in the water starting from day ten after incubation. The levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) decreased significantly after 25 days. The level of organic matter pollution based on the %PTV and density of Chironomidae was significantly reduced after 15 days of incubation. However, the phosphate level was still high, and the water trophic status was hypereutrophic. The most effective treatment for the phytoremediation process in this study is submerged hydromacrophytes.
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN BEEKEEPING AND HONEY PRODUCTION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC – A SHORT REVIEW
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, MOHAN SIVAKUMAR , SANTHANAM RAMESHKUMAR ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, WAN ISMAIL WAN IRYANI ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Published: October 2023

Honey bees in beekeeping are commonly involved in honey production and as planned pollinators worldwide. However, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the hardworking little creatures suffered many difficulties. The entire supply chain was blocked. Consequently, the challenges directly affected honey and crop production worldwide. The pandemic issues like travel restrictions and limited access to apiaries had a detrimental influence on beekeepers’ activity. Earlier sales decline during the crisis had an economic impact, with some beneficial impacts, like a rise in demand for health-related goods. However, the challenges come with opportunities, which lead to a pointy surge in demand for honey which paved the way for many women entrepreneurs as beekeepers to meet the local demands, which helps the rural economy to be sustained. Another intriguing benefit is that a drastic drop in pollution helped bees get back to their normal routine, which led to a drastic increase in honey production during the pandemic as opposed to what they experienced in normal times. This article briefly outlines such challenges faced by the beekeepers and the honey producers and also focuses on the new opportunities that rendered many values to the producers during the pandemic.
LOKALNA PORESKA ADMINISTRACIJA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI
Authors: Miladinović Violeta , Rapajić Milan ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law
Published: October 2023

Through fiscal decentralization, the competence in administering the source revenues of the local self-government unit was transferred to the local level of government. The adoption of the Law on Local Self-Government Financing created the conditions for the formation of local tax administrations that deal with the determination, control and collection of local public revenues. Administering public revenues is a very responsible job that should provide sufficient funds to the local budget, in order to adequately meet the needs of people living in the local community. From the very beginning of their work, local tax administrations faced various challenges, but, despite everything, the importance of their competences was recognized. Although the initial predictions were quite poor, the collected revenues were evidently higher. The modern era imposes new requirements that foresee continuous monitoring of changes, and in connection with that, the training of tax officials so that they can respond to them in a timely manner. The efficiency of tax administration must be at a high level, because otherwise even the best adopted law cannot be applied, or it will be applied incorrectly, which will have a negative impact on revenue collection. This paper shows the organization of work of the local tax administration and the procedure in the administration of local public revenues, with guidelines for its further improvement.
Diet composition and feeding habits of common bleak (Alburnus alburnus L.) in the Gruža and Gazivode reservoirs
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Serbia, Radenković Milena D. , Milošković Aleksandra M. ,   University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Serbia, Kojadinović Nataša M. ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Serbia, Đuretanović Simona R. ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Serbia, Veličković Tijana Z. ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Serbia, Jakovljević Marija M. ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Serbia, Simić Vladica M. ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Serbia
Published: October 2023

This paper presents the feeding habits of specimens of the fish Alburnus alburnus (L.) that inhabit the Gruža and Gazivode reservoirs. The diets of 37 specimens from Gruža reservoir and 44 specimens from Gazivode reservoir were analyzed. The common bleak from Gazivode reservoir fed more diversely on eight different prey items, while six different prey items were identified in specimens from Gruža reservoir. The most common prey in the diet of specimens from both reservoirs is Bosmina sp., which was present in every digestive tract studied. Very common prey items are also Daphnia sp. and Cladocera. In contrast to the specimens from Gruža reservoir, the specimens from Gazivode reservoir feed on both Leptodora kindtii and insects. The specimens from Gazivode reservoir also feed on Ostracoda at a much higher percentage than the specimens from Gruža reservoir. Numerous reports in the literature have confirmed that common bleak feed mainly on zooplankton and often on insects, as shown by our results.