bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics, clinical outcome, and prognostic significance of IDH mutations in AML
Authors: DiNardo Courtney D. , Ravandi Farhad , Agresta Sam , Konopleva Marina , Takahashi Koichi , Kadia Tapan , Routbort Mark , Patel Keyur P. , Mark Brandt  , Pierce Sherry , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Cortes Jorge , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: May 2015

The pathophysiology of IDH mutations in tumorigenesis is increasingly described, yet the prognostic significance of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in AML remains controversial. The primary objective of this study was to define the natural history and prognosis of patients with AML and IDH1 or IDH2 mutations and provide historical survival expectations. A total of 826 patients treated from 2010 to 2014 at a single institution were evaluated, including 167 patients (20%) with AML and IDH1 or IDH2 mutations. Median age was 62 years (range 18–92). There were 59 IDH1‐R132, 83 IDH2‐R140, and 23 IDH2‐R172 mutations. Clinicopathologic characteristics associated with IDH‐mutations included older age, less frequent therapy‐related status, and increased incidence of intermediate‐risk cytogenetics, FLT3‐ITD mutations, and NPM1 mutations. Remission rates (CR/CRi) by AML treatment status were: induction, 68%; Salvage‐1 (S1), 42%; and Salvage‐2 and beyond (S2+), 27%. No difference in response was identified by IDH mutation status. Similarly, overall survival (OS) was not dependent on IDH status within any cohort. The median OS was 15.4 months in induction, 8.7 months in S1, and 4.8 months in S2+. This analysis defines the clinical outcome associated with IDH‐mutations in both the front‐line and salvage AML treatment settings, and confirms that response rate and OS for both IDH‐mutated and IDH wild‐type AML patients is comparable. This provides contemporary data to be used for comparison with results of novel investigational (e.g., selective IDH inhibitor) strategies. Am. J. Hematol. 90:732–736, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suppression Mechanism for Enol–Enol Isomerization of 2‐Substituted Dimedones
Authors: China Hideyasu , Okada Yutaka , Dohi Toshifumi
Published: May 2015

2‐Substituted dimedones, described as having a simple chemical structure, are a type of cyclic β‐diketone with enol–enol interconversion. The influence of the enol‐enol isomerism interferes with structure analysis of many dimedones in solution by NMR spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that the isomerism of the 2‐substituted dimedones depends on solvent, time, solute concentration, and temperature. Negative activation energy of the isomerization was determined by the NMR line shape and spin‐spin relaxation analyses, which is an extraordinary phenomenon found for the first time in the molecular dynamics of NMR. Suppression of the isomerization by heating, dilution of the solute, and time control in several low‐polarity solvents enabled analysis of the enol form in detail. It was clarified that deceleration of the intramolecular chemical exchange rate in the isomerization was responsible for the decrease in the intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding effect in the suppression mechanism.
Numerical study of co‐axial bubble coalescence characteristics
Authors: Islam Md. Tariqul , Ganesan P. , Sahu J. N. , Hamad F. A.
Published: May 2015

Bubble coalescences have a significant role in petroleum and chemical industries for proper mixing, good heat and mass transfer between the gas and liquid phases. In this study, the volume of fluid method has been used to model for investigation of co‐axial bubble coalescence dynamic evolution in stagnant fluid. The CSF method was incorporated as a source term in the momentum equation to track the motion of the bubble and liquid interface. The effects of Bond number ranges, Bo ~ 4.09–50 (variation of the surface tension) and Reynolds number range, Re ~ 0.98–120 (variation of the liquid viscosity) were investigated. Significant effects were observed in the process of bubble coalescence on the shape of bubbles when the viscosity ratio (μr), and density ratio (ρr) were kept constant. The changes in bubble shape with progressing time were validated by the experimental observation of available literature. For low Bo and Re, the late coalescence of the bubbles was found, whereas the shape of the succeeding bubbles had changed significantly. The same ratio of Bo/μr and Bo/Re does not affect the bubble coalescence process, if Bo, μr and Re is reduced to 82%. By the study of co‐axial coalescence of three bubbles, it is found that the liquid‐film rupture and bubble breakup between the middle and third bubble occurs faster for both low and high Re. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of Tobacco Consumption in Papua New Guinea: Challenges in Changing Behaviours
Authors: Hou Xiaohui , Xu Xiaochen , Anderson Ian
Published: May 2015

This article analyses smoking prevalence and smoking behaviours in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Using the 2009–2010 PNG Household Income and Expenditure Survey, the article analyses the determinants of tobacco use and tobacco choices in PNG. The results show adults (18 years and above) in the poorest quartile are more likely to smoke. Tobacco consumption imposes a large financial burden to poor households. Tobacco consumption accounts for about 23 per cent of total household food expenditure for households in the poorest quartile, as compared with 15 per cent for the entire sample. However, most of these households consume non‐processed tobacco. The study reveals the urgency to control tobacco consumption in PNG and considers some practical challenges that the country may face.
A lightweight privacy‐preserving scheme with data integrity for smart grid communications
Authors: Bao Haiyong , Chen Le
Published: May 2015

Smart grid, deemed as the next generation of power grid, can efficiently monitor, control, and predicate energy generation and consumption. However, the frequent collection of users' consumption information in smart grid may reveal user's privacy, and the tampering of smart grid communication may also impair the data integrity, subsequently affecting the precise monitoring and controlling at the control center. In this paper, to address the aforementioned challenges, we propose a lightweight data report scheme for smart grid communications, which can achieve privacy preservation and data integrity simultaneously. Specifically, an efficient pseudonym identity‐based privacy‐preserving report approach is proposed for the control center to obtain the fine‐grained usage data of all the users while protecting user's privacy. An online/off‐line hash tree‐based mechanism is also designed to check and assure data integrity of communications. Because of the shifting of most time‐consuming computations to off‐line phase, the online process is very fast and efficient by performing merely the lightweight bottom‐up hash tree verifications to check all users' data integrity concurrently. Furthermore, a topology‐independent data report architecture is also structured, which is adaptable for dynamic residential users to spontaneously form clusters and efficiently report data in flocks. Extensive performance evaluation demonstrates that the proposed scheme can achieve less communication overhead and dramatically reduce computational cost in comparison with the existing schemes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CyberGIS‐BioScope: a cyberinfrastructure‐based spatial decision‐making environment for biomass‐to‐biofuel supply chain optimization
Authors: Hu Hao , Lin Tao , Liu Yan Y. , Wang Shaowen , Rodríguez Luis F.
Published: May 2015

Biomass, for example, energy crops, forests, and agricultural residues, has emerged as a renewable energy option to alleviate the consumption of limited fossil fuel resources and the consequent environmental issues. Designing an effective and efficient biomass‐to‐biofuel supply chain involves sophisticated decision‐making processes, often requiring collaborative work on data integration, model specification, scenario analysis, and coordinated implementation and management. To establish an integrated system for such work, challenges exist in (1) the limited interoperability between bioenergy models and geographic information systems (GIS); (2) interactive scenario construction, evaluation, and sharing; and (3) complex optimization problem solving that requires advanced cyberinfrastructure resources to support interactive decision‐making. To resolve these challenges, this paper describes CyberGIS‐BioScope, an interactive and collaborative cyberGIS‐based spatial decision‐making environment for biomass‐to‐biofuel supply chain optimization. The CyberGIS‐BioScope takes advantage of cyberGIS capabilities to process and analyze spatial data and enhance visualization and sharing of optimization results. Meanwhile, the integrated environment makes the complex optimization model and advanced cyberinfrastructure resources easily accessible for agricultural scientists and decision‐makers and thus accelerates their scientific discovery and decision‐making processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Should the Woodward–Hoffmann Rules be Applied to Mechanochemical Reactions?
Authors: Wollenhaupt Miriam , Krupička Martin , Marx Dominik
Published: May 2015

The front cover artwork is provided by Miriam Wollenhaupt and Prof. Dominik Marx, Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr‐Universität Bochum. The image shows schematically that the pattern of the natural resonance theory weights along the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) of the ring‐opening reaction of a cyclopropane derivative does not change significantly as a function of an externally applied mechanical force. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201500054.
Growth and magneto‐optical characteristics of cerium‐doped terbium gallium garnet by the floating zone method
Authors: Chen Zhe , Yang Lei , Hang Yin , Wang Xiangyong
Published: May 2015

Cerium‐doped terbium gallium garnet single crystal having a large Verdet constant was grown by floating zone (FZ) method, which was suitable for the use in optical devices. The lattice parameters and the X‐ray rocking curve measurement of the crystal was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The Verdet constant of the crystal (B = 0.55 T) at the wavelength of 632.8 nm was −165.8 rad m−1 T−1 at room temperature, 23.7% larger than that of pure TGG (−134.0 rad m−1 T−1). The performance of the high optical quality and excellent magneto‐optical properties of the crystal shows the great potential of using this new method to meet the increasing demand of VI‐NIR Faraday rotators.
Lithium Storage in Microstructures of Amorphous Mixed‐Valence Vanadium Oxide as Anode Materials
Authors: Zhao Di , Zheng Lirong , Xiao Ying , Wang Xia , Cao Minhua
Published: May 2015

Constructing three‐dimensional (3 D) nanostructures with excellent structural stability is an important approach for realizing high‐rate capability and a high capacity of the electrode materials in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we report the synthesis of hydrangea‐like amorphous mixed‐valence VOx microspheres (a‐VOx MSs) through a facile solvothermal method followed by controlled calcination. The resultant hydrangea‐like a‐VOx MSs are composed of intercrossed nanosheets and, thus, construct a 3 D network structure. Upon evaluation as an anode material for LIBs, the a‐VOx MSs show excellent lithium‐storage performance in terms of high capacity, good rate capability, and long‐term stability upon extended cycling. Specifically, they exhibit very stable cycling behavior with a highly reversible capacity of 1050 mA h g−1 at a rate of 0.1 A g−1 after 140 cycles. They also show excellent rate capability, with a capacity of 390 mA h g−1 at a rate as high as 10 A g−1. Detailed investigations on the morphological and structural changes of the a‐VOx MSs upon cycling demonstrated that the a‐VOx MSs went through modification of the local VO coordinations accompanied with the formation of a higher oxidation state of V, but still with an amorphous state throughout the whole discharge/charge process. Moreover, the a‐VOx MSs can buffer huge volumetric changes during the insertion/extraction process, and at the same time they remain intact even after 200 cycles of the charge/discharge process. Thus, these microspheres may be a promising anode material for LIBs.
DC tolerance analysis of electronic circuits by polyhedral circuits
Authors: Pastore Stefano
Published: May 2015

Real equilibrium solutions of electronic circuits are affected by deviation of real characteristics of devices from their nominal values, producing the displacement of solution points from their nominal position. In this paper, a method to determine all the equilibrium regions in which real equilibrium points may fall is presented. The analysis is based on the introduction of the so‐called strip characteristics that represent the characteristics of devices affected by tolerances. They are modeled by polyhedral characteristics. Different situations may occur as tolerances grow. A nominal solution point may disappear, or on the other end, some solution point not present with nominal characteristics may appear. These possible events call for a classification of the equilibrium regions in either certain or uncertain, depending on the existence or not of an equilibrium point for any choice of real characteristics. The algorithm adopts linear programming techniques and a clustering algorithm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Aza‐Achmatowicz Reaction: Facile Entry into Functionalized Piperidinones
Authors: van der Pijl Ferdi , van Delft Floris L. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T.
Published: May 2015

Amongst the various conversions that are known to transform the furan moiety into other functional groups or heterocyclic rings, the Achmatowicz reaction and the corresponding aza‐modification stand out as broadly applicable oxidative rearrangements. Both reactions are synthetically useful transformations resulting either in pyranone or piperidinone structures, containing ample synthetic opportunities for further functionalization. In this review, we will provide a literature overview of the aza‐Achmatowicz reaction, including application of the resulting piperidinones in the synthesis of biologically active compounds and natural products.
Efficacy and safety of a cisplatin and paclitaxel induction regimen followed by chemoradiotherapy for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: de Souza Viana Luciano , de Aguiar Silva Felipe Coelho , Andrade dos Anjos Jacome Alexandre , Calheiros Campelo Maia Danielle , Duarte de Mattos Marcos , Arthur Jacinto Alexandre , Elias Mamere Augusto , Boldrini Junior Domingos , de Castro Capuzzo Renato , Roberto Santos Carlos , Lopes Carvalho Andre
Published: May 2015

Background

The purpose of this phase II trial was to evaluate the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of a non–5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐based induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

Sixty patients with stage III to IV HNSCC were treated with induction paclitaxel and cisplatin (TP; paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and cisplatin 80 mg/m2, 3 cycles) followed by CRT (cisplatin 100 mg/m2; D1, 22, and 43 of radiotherapy).

Results

Fifty‐six patients (93.3%) completed 3 cycles of induction TP (no treatment‐related deaths), 52 (86.7%) completed definitive CRT per protocol (adverse event [AE] grade ≥2 in 53.3%). The overall response rate after induction TP was 82.5% for patients with resectable disease and 55.5% for unresectable disease (p = .023), and complete response (CR) rate after CRT was 70.0% for patients with resectable disease and 30.0% for unresectable disease (p = .005).

Conclusion

Induction TP followed by cisplatin based‐CRT was well‐tolerated, safe, and had high overall response rate in selected patients with locally advanced HNSCC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E970–E980, 2016
An analytical bond‐order potential for carbon
Authors: Zhou X. W. , Ward D. K. , Foster M. E.
Published: May 2015

Carbon is the most widely studied material today because it exhibits special properties not seen in any other materials when in nano dimensions such as nanotube and graphene. Reduction of material defects created during synthesis has become critical to realize the full potential of carbon structures. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, in principle, allow defect formation mechanisms to be studied with high fidelity, and can, therefore, help guide experiments for defect reduction. Such MD simulations must satisfy a set of stringent requirements. First, they must employ an interatomic potential formalism that is transferable to a variety of carbon structures. Second, the potential needs to be appropriately parameterized to capture the property trends of important carbon structures, in particular, diamond, graphite, graphene, and nanotubes. Most importantly, the potential must predict the crystalline growth of the correct phases during direct MD simulations of synthesis to achieve a predictive simulation of defect formation. Because an unlimited number of structures not included in the potential parameterization are encountered, the literature carbon potentials are often not sufficient for growth simulations. We have developed an analytical bond order potential for carbon, and have made it available through the public MD simulation package LAMMPS. We demonstrate that our potential reasonably captures the property trends of important carbon phases. Stringent MD simulations convincingly show that our potential accounts not only for the crystalline growth of graphene, graphite, and carbon nanotubes but also for the transformation of graphite to diamond at high pressure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Demonstration of a signal enhanced fast Raman sensor for multi‐species gas analyses at a low pressure range for anesthesia monitoring
Authors: Schlüter Sebastian , Krischke Frederick , Popovska‐Leipertz Nadejda , Seeger Thomas , Breuer Georg , Jeleazcov Christian , Schüttler Jürgen , Leipertz Alfred
Published: May 2015

The spontaneous Raman scattering technique is an excellent tool for a quantitative analysis of multi‐species gas mixtures. It is a noninvasive optical method for species identification and gas phase concentration measurement of Raman active molecules, since the intensity of the molecule specific Raman signal is linearly dependent on the concentration. Applying a continuous wave (cw) laser it typically takes a few seconds to capture a gas phase Raman spectrum at room temperature. Nevertheless in contrast to these advantages the weak Raman signal intensity is a major drawback. Thus, it is still challenging to detect gas phase Raman spectra in a low‐pressure regime with a temporal resolution of only a few 100 ms. In the presented study a fully functional gas phase Raman system for measurements in the low‐pressure regime (p ≥ 980 hPa (absolute)) is presented; it overcomes the drawback of the weak Raman effect by using a multipass cavity to enhance the Raman signal. The signal amplification of a retro‐reflecting cavity is experimentally compared to a near‐confocal cavity. A description of this sensor setup as well as of the calibration procedure, which also allows the quantification of condensable gases, is presented. Moreover the functionality of the sensor system is demonstrated in a measurement campaign at an anesthesia simulator under clinical relevant conditions and in comparison to a conventional gas monitor. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angiosarcoma: A rare malignancy with protean clinical presentations
Authors: Huntington Justin T. , Jones Christian , Liebner David A. , Chen James L. , Pollock Raphael E.
Published: May 2015

Angiosarcoma is a rare form of soft tissue sarcoma. Primary small intestinal angiosarcomas are especially uncommon. The clinical presentations of small intestinal angiosarcomas vary but gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a frequent finding. We present a case of persistent GI bleeding of unknown etiology culminating in operative exploration demonstrating a primary small intestinal angiosarcoma. A discussion of the diagnosis, pathology, and management of angiosarcoma with a review of the current literature is provided including molecular genetics, difficult cases, and current treatment options. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:941–950. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Balancing the basal ganglia circuitry: A possible new role for dopamine D2 receptors in health and disease
Authors: Cazorla Maxime , Kang Un Jung , Kellendonk Christoph
Published: May 2015

Current therapies for treating movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease are effective but limited by undesirable and intractable side effects. Developing more effective therapies will require better understanding of what causes basal ganglia dysregulation and why medication‐induced side effects develop. Although basal ganglia have been extensively studied in the last decades, its circuit anatomy is very complex, and significant controversy exists as to how the interplay of different basal ganglia nuclei process motor information and output. We have recently identified the importance of an underappreciated collateral projection that bridges the striatal output direct pathway with the indirect pathway. These bridging collaterals are extremely plastic in the adult brain and are involved in the regulation of motor balance. Our findings add a new angle to the classical model of basal ganglia circuitry that could be exploited for the development of new therapies against movement disorders. In this Scientific Perspective, we describe the function of bridging collaterals and other recent discoveries that challenge the simplicity of the classical basal ganglia circuit model. We then discuss the potential implication of bridging collaterals in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Because dopamine D2 receptors and striatal neuron excitability have been found to regulate the density of bridging collaterals, we propose that targeting these projections downstream of D2 receptors could be a possible strategy for the treatment of basal ganglia disorders. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Extensive in vitro gastrointestinal digestion markedly reduces the immune‐toxicity of Triticum monococcum wheat: Implication for celiac disease
Authors: Gianfrani Carmen , Camarca Alessandra , Mazzarella Giuseppe , Di Stasio Luigia , Giardullo Nicola , Ferranti Pasquale , Picariello Gianluca , Rotondi Aufiero Vera , Picascia Stefania , Troncone Riccardo , Pogna Norberto , Auricchio Salvatore , Mamone Gianfranco
Published: May 2015

Scope

The ancient diploid Triticum monococcum is of special interest as a candidate low‐toxic wheat species for celiac disease patients. Here, we investigated how an in vitro gastro‐intestinal digestion, affected the immune toxic properties of gliadin from diploid compared to hexaploid wheat.

Methods and results

Gliadins from Triticum monococcum, and Triticum aestivum cultivars were digested using either a partial proteolysis with pepsin‐chymotrypsin, or an extensive degradation that used gastrointestinal enzymes including the brush border membrane enzymes. The immune stimulatory properties of the digested samples were investigated on T‐cell lines and jejunal biopsies from celiac disease patients. The T‐cell response profile to the Triticum monococcum gliadin was comparable to that obtained with Triticum aestivum gliadin after the partial pepsin‐chymotrypsin digestion. In contrast, the extensive gastrointestinal hydrolysis drastically reduced the immune stimulatory properties of Triticum monococcum gliadin. MS‐based analysis showed that several Triticum monococcum peptides, including known T‐cell epitopes, were degraded during the gastrointestinal treatment, whereas many of Triticum aestivum gliadin survived the gastrointestinal digestion.

Conclusion

The pattern of Triticum monococcum gliadin proteins is sufficiently different from those of common hexaploid wheat to determine a lower toxicity in celiac disease patients following in vitro simulation of human digestion.
Extremely wideband in‐phase power divider using modified Wilkinson design
Authors: Ahmed U. T. , Abbosh A. M.
Published: May 2015

A planar in‐phase power divider with extreme wideband behavior using modified Wilkinson design is presented. Instead of using T‐junction at the input port of the traditional design, the proposed divider uses broadside coupled microstrip to slotline configuration. Moreover, the impedance matching of the output ports is significantly improved across several octaves bandwidth using three binomial sections, whereas the isolation between those ports is enhanced across that band using three isolation resistors. The utilized structure is suitable for single layer integration as both the input and output ports are located at the same layer. A prototype of the presented device is designed using a proper theoretical approach, built, and tested. The developed device has a compact size with an overall dimension of 40 × 55 mm2 using the substrate Rogers RO4003 (dielectric constant = 3.38, thickness = 0.406 mm). While the device can be used for any wideband application, the developed prototype is designed to operate within the band 1–7 GHz, which is used in most microwave‐based medical imaging applications. The achieved simulated and measured results show that the proposed device has equal power division between the two output ports with less than 0.2‐dB amplitude imbalance, more than 10‐dB return loss and 15‐dB isolation, and less than 2° phase difference between the two output signals across the extremely wide frequency band 1.2–7 GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1799–1802, 2015
A dual‐band compact printed monopole antenna using multiple rectangle‐shaped defected ground structures and cross‐shaped feed line
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Tomar Raghuvir
Published: May 2015

A compact printed monopole antenna with dual‐band operation at 1.8 GHz (GSM Band) and 5.2 GHz (Wi‐Fi Band) is presented. The antenna consists of a modified U‐shaped radiating patch with a triple rectangular defect in the ground plane. The antenna is fed by a cross‐shaped feed line, which helps in realizing the dual‐band operation. The antenna has been designed using RO4350 substrate. The design size achieved is 19 × 28 mm2. An impedance bandwidth of about 32% at 1.8 GHz and about 29% at 5.2 GHz for 10 dB return loss has been achieved. A size reduction of about 12% in comparison with a similar antenna without defected ground structures has been achieved. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and tested, and a good agreement between simulated and measured results is seen. Acceptable E‐plane and H‐plane radiation patterns have been observed through simulations, and a peak antenna gain of about 2.8 dBi has been achieved. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1810–1813, 2015
Miniaturized Wilkinson power divider with extra coupled line section for compensation
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Ma Zhewang , Sakagami Iwata , Mase Atsushi , Yoshikawa Masayuki
Published: May 2015

In this article, λ/4 coupled microstrip line section is used in the design of two‐way miniaturized Wilkinson power divider. To compensate the phase velocity difference in λ/4 coupled microstrip line section, extra coupled line section is connected between λ/4 coupled line section and two output ports. Due to no lumped elements have been used, this compensation method not only provides compact circuit size and easy fabrication but also suitable for high frequency operation. Design equations are derived from even‐ and odd‐mode analyses. Several design examples show that: (i) Extra coupled line section could compensate arbitrary coupling strength in λ/4 coupled microstrip line section, and its coupling strength also can be adjusted arbitrarily. (ii) Considering the bandwidths of S22, S33, and S32, the coupling strength of λ/4 coupled microstrip line section plays a major role, the bandwidths become narrower as coupling strength increased. Compared with the conventional λ/4 coupled line section model in homogeneous medium, the bandwidth differences are very small, and they can be negligible. In other word, the proposed model could provide the same performance for inhomogeneous medium application. (iii) The length of extra coupled line section becomes longer as coupling strength of λ/4 coupled line section increased, however, it becomes shorter as coupling strength of extra coupled line section increased. In experiment, one circuit was fabricated, the measurement results showed good agreement with theoretical results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1869–1873, 2015
60‐GHz low‐power OOK transmitter in 65‐NMCMOS technology
Authors: Lee Hui Dong , Kang Tae Young , Lee Moon‐Sik , Park Bonghyuk
Published: May 2015

This article describes the design of a low‐power 60‐GHz OOK transmitter. A simple OOK structure is adopted for a low‐power and stable operation. The power consumption is reduced by implementing a LC‐VCO that operates at a low‐voltage. In addition, a switching modulator in the transmitter consumes less power due to no power consumption at the low‐state of a high‐speed data signal. The transmitter, implemented in a 65‐nm CMOS technology, has an output power of −2 dBm, on/off isolation over 40 dB, and tuning range of 64.8–67.7GHz. It is possible to communicate wirelessly within 5cm while consuming only 13.3 mW. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1977–1980, 2015
Study of the chlorpyrifos neurotoxicity using neural differentiation of adipose tissue‐derived stem cells
Authors: Zarei Mohammad Hadi , Soodi Maliheh , Qasemian‐Lemraski Mehdi , Jafarzadeh Emad , Taha Masoumeh Fakhr
Published: May 2015

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is the most commonly used organophosphorus insecticide which causes neurodevelopmental toxicity. So far, animals have been used as ideal models for neurotoxicity studies, but working with animals is very expensive, laborious, and ethically challenging. This has encouraged researchers to seek alternatives. During recent years, several studies have reported successful differentiation of embryonic and adult stem cells to neurons. This has provided an excellent model for neurotoxicologic studies. In this study, neural differentiation of mouse adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) was used as an in vitro model for investigation of CPF neurotoxicity. For this purpose, mouse ADSCs were cultured in a medium containing knockout serum replacement and were treated with different concentrations of CPF at several stages of differentiation. Cytotoxic effect of CPF and the expression of neuron‐specific genes and proteins were studied in the differentiating ADSCs. Furthermore, the activity of acetylcholinesterase was assessed by Ellman assay at different stages of differentiation. This study showed that up to 500 μM CPF did not alter viability of the undifferentiated ADSCs, whereas viability of the differentiating cells decreased with 500 μM CPF. CPF upregulated the expression of some neuron‐specific genes and seemed to decrease the number of β‐tubulin III and MAP2 proteins‐expressing cells. There was no detectable acetylcholine esterase activity in differentiated ADSCs. In summary, it was shown that CPF treatment can decrease the viability of ADSC‐derived neurons and dysregulate the expression of some neuronal markers through acetylcholinesterase‐independent mechanisms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1510–1519, 2016.
Research on Acute Toxicity and Pharmacodynamics of Jinyulian Oral Solution
Authors: Cheng Wan-Qing , Zhang Zhen-Jian , Cao Chuan-Bin , Ye Xiao-Wen , Pan Wang-Ping , Ye Si-Ying , Zhu Bo
Published: May 2015

A research on Jinyulian Oral Solution was conducted and the objectives were to discover its possible acute toxicity and antibacterial effects when used in vitro and in vivo. Regarding the acute toxicity test, Kunming mice were fed a maximum amount of the solution as their stomachs could hold, i.e., 40 mL kg−1. To ascertain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the solution, two types of germs, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, were selected and tube dilution method was adopted. An antibacterial experimental model relying on animals’ body was developed for the researchers to observe the solution’s antibacterial effects. Test results showed that no abnormalities were discovered within 14 days after the initial date of testing and the mice grew as normal when fed with an amount of the solution 250 times of a normal clinical doze (In this case a man was assumed to weigh 60 kg.) and that the solution demonstrated obvious antibacterial effects on the two types of selected germs. The respective measured MIC50 and MIC90 values of the two germs were 3.2, 12.8, 6.4, and 25.6 mg L−1. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that Jinyulian Oral Solution possesses no acute toxicity but obvious antibacterial effects on the two before-mentioned germs.
Prognostic significance of incident atrial fibrillation following STEMI depends on the timing of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Gal P. , Parlak E. , Demirel F. , Adiyaman A. , ten Berg J. , van ’t Hof A.W.J. , Elvan A.
Published: May 2015

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with short-term mortality after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but there is limited data on the temporal association between AF and mortality after STEMI. A total of 830 patients were included (age: 62 ± 12 years, 76 % male). Patients with new-onset AF < 30 days after STEMI were divided among three subgroups: AF on the day of admission, AF 24–72 h and AF > 72 h after admission. Thirty-day mortality was assessed by telephone and via the municipal population registry. Twenty patients died < 30 days after admission. In 41 patients, AF was detected on the day of admission, in 14 patients 24–72 h after admission and in 18 patients > 72 h after admission. Mortality was higher in patients with AF on the day of admission (7.3 vs 2.2 %, p = 0.036) and 24–72 h after admission (14.3 vs 1.4 %, p < 0.001), but not in patients with AF > 72 h after admission (0 vs 1.1 %, p > 0.999). Age (odds ratio (OR) 1.123, p < 0.001), Killip class (adjusted OR 8.341, p < 0.001), AF on the day of admission (OR 3.585, p = 0.049) and 24–72 h after admission (OR 11.515, p = 0.003) were, amongst other variables, associated with an increased 30-day mortality. In conclusion, only new-onset incident AF during the first 72 h after admission was associated with 30-day mortality in STEMI patients.
Innate immunity: Bacterial cell‐wall muramyl peptide targets the conserved transcription factor YB‐1
Authors: Laman A.G. , Lathe R. , Savinov G.V. , Shepelyakovskaya A.O. , Boziev Kh.M. , Baidakova L.K. , Chulin A.N. , Brovko F.A. , Svirshchevskaya E.V. , Kotelevtsev Y. , Eliseeva I.A. , Guryanov S.G. , Lyabin D.N. , Ovchinnikov L.P. , Ivanov V.T.
Published: May 2015

The bacterial cell wall muramyl dipeptides MDP and glucosaminyl‐MDP (GMDP) are powerful immunostimulators but their binding target remains controversial. We previously reported expression cloning of GMDP‐binding polypeptides and identification of Y‐box protein 1 (YB‐1) as their sole target. Here we show specific binding of GMDP to recombinant YB‐1 protein and subcellular colocalization of YB‐1 and GMDP. GMDP binding to YB‐1 upregulated gene expression levels of NF‐κB2, a mediator of innate immunity. Furthermore, YB‐1 knockdown abolished GMDP‐induced Nfkb2 expression. GMDP/YB‐1 stimulation led to NF‐κB2 cleavage, transport of activated NF‐κB2 p52 to the nucleus, and upregulation of NF‐κB2‐dependent chemokine Cxcr4 gene expression. Therefore, our findings identify YB‐1 as new target for muramyl peptide signaling.
Micro-patterning of Indium thin film for generation of micron and submicron particles using femtosecond laser-induced forward transfer
Authors: Alti Kamlesh , Dwivedi Sudhanshu , Chidangil Santhosh , Mathur Deepak , Khare Alika
Published: May 2015

This paper reports on micro-pattering of Indium thin film (donor substrate) using a higher deposition dose than previously reported. The threshold deposition dose required for micro-patterning was measured. Ejected material from the micro-patterned thin film was deposited onto an accepter substrate kept in close proximity; it clearly shows deposition of micron and submicron particles of Indium. Moreover, a clean line like structure was deposited onto the accepter substrate when the accepter substrate was moved with the same velocity as that of the donor substrate.
Registration of a hybrid robot using the Degradation-Kronecker method and a purely nonlinear method
Authors: Yan S. J. , Ong S. K. , Nee A. Y. C.
Published: May 2015

Although the registration of a robot is crucial in order to identify its pose with respect to a tracking system, there is no reported solution to address this issue for a hybrid robot. Different from classical registration, the registration of a hybrid robot requires the need to solve an equation with three unknowns where two of these unknowns are coupled together. This property makes it difficult to obtain a closed-form solution. This paper is a first attempt to solve the registration of a hybrid robot. The Degradation-Kronecker (D-K) method is proposed as an optimal closed-form solution for the registration of a hybrid robot in this paper. Since closed-form methods generally suffer from limited accuracy, a purely nonlinear (PN) method is proposed to complement the D-K method. With simulation and experiment results, it has been found that both methods are robust. The PN method is more accurate but slower as compared to the D-K method. The fast computation property of the D-K method makes it appropriate to be applied in real-time circumstances, while the PN method is suitable to be applied where good accuracy is preferred.
People didn't used to speak like that: on the reanalysis ofused toin English
Authors: Cirillo Robert
Published: May 2015

English control verbs take infinitival complements that include the particleto:

(1)

a.

She tried to read one book each week.

b.

She promised to read one book each week.
POLITICAL IDEALS AND THE FEASIBILITY FRONTIER
Authors: Wiens David
Published: May 2015

I present an analysis of feasibility that generalizes the economic concept of a production possibility frontier and develop a model of the feasibility frontier using the familiar possible worlds technology. I then use the model to show that we cannot reasonably expect that adopting political ideals as long-term reform objectives will guide us toward the realization of morally optimal feasible states of affairs. I conclude by proposing that political philosophers turn their attention to the analysis of actual social failures rather than political ideals.
Lautsi vs. Italy: Questioning the Majoritarian Premise
Authors: Perez Nahshon
Published: May 2015

in 2011, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) published its seminal decision in theLautsi vs. Italycase, arguing that the requirement in Italian law that all public schools will display crucifixes in each classroom does not violate the European Convention on Human Rights. This decision gave rise to a storm of reactions. The goal of this article is to argue, that the ECHR used “majoritarianism” in an under-theorized way and/or unattractive way, and that this usage of the concept can be identified in other cases as well (see the highly controversialDahlab vs. Swiss, ECHR). Demonstrating the procedural, monopoly based and circularity problems within the ECHR decision point to potential ways to criticize the court decision, without taking sides in the heated and highly divisive debate between so called “neutrality supporters” and (roughly) “endorsed church — majoritarian supporters,” sides of the debate surrounding “Lautsi.”
Psychotherapie im Seniorenheim
Authors: Laireiter Anton-Rupert , Baumann Urs , Messer Randolf , Lenzenweger Ralph , Krammer Ernestine , Crombach Helene
Published: May 2015

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird über einen von den Autoren entwickelten Ansatz der Psychotherapie in der stationären Altenpflege berichtet. Im theoretischen Abschnitt werden Konzept und Rahmenbedingungen sowie das prozessuale Vorgehen dargestellt, ebenso wie kurz die verwendeten Methoden referiert werden. Im zweiten Teil wird über die praktischen Erfahrungen und über die Ergebnisse zweier retrospektiver Katamnesestudien (Studie 1: Dokumentenanalyse, Pflegebefragung; Studie 2: Patienten- und Therapeutenbefragung), die zur Evaluation der Ergebnisse dieses Ansatzes an der behandelten Patientengruppe (N = 88) durchgeführt worden sind, berichtet. Die Ergebnisse sind vielversprechend, denn sie zeigen positive Effekte der Therapien sowohl auf objektive Parameter (Psychopharmaka-Verbrauch, Krankenhausaufenthalte, psychiatrische Konsultationen) wie auch in subjektiven Beurteilungen seitens der behandelten PatientInnen, der TherapeutInnen und des Bezugspflegepersonals (Depressivität, Ängstlichkeit, Symptombelastung, psychosomatische Beschwerden; Anpassung an das Heim). Sie belegen damit, dass Psychotherapie auch bei sehr alten Menschen zu positiven Effekten beitragen kann. Die hier berichteten Phase-II-Studien sollten in einem nächsten Schritt durch prospektive randomisierte Effektstudien erweitert werden.
Epidemiologie des Konsums, Mißbrauchs und der Abhängigkeit von legalen und illegalen Drogen bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen: Die prospektiv-longitudinale Verlaufsstudie EDSP
Authors: Lieb Roselind , Schuster Peter , Pfister Hildegard , Fuetsch Martina , Höfler Michael , Isensee Barbara , Müller Nina , Sonntag Holger , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich
Published: May 2015

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick (Ziele, Design, Methodik) über die Early Developmental Stages of Substance Problems Studie (EDSP). In der EDSP wurden N=3021 Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene (Alter 14 bis 24 Jahre) aus München und der Umgebung von München von 1995 bis 1999 prospektiv in drei Untersuchungswellen einschließlich einer unabhängigen Elternbefragung zum Konsum, Mißbrauch und Abhängigkeit von legalen und illegalen psychotropen Substanzen untersucht. Befunde der Basisuntersuchung haben ergeben, daß
der Konsum von legalen (über 90%) und illegalen psychotropen Substanzen (35%) in dieser Altersgruppe offensichtlich weiter verbreitet ist als bisher angenommen,
der Konsum dieser Substanzen in den jüngeren Altersgruppen weiterhin ansteigt sowie
eine beträchtliche Anzahl der befragten Personen bereits früh Mißbrauchs- oder Abhängigkeitssyndrome entwickelt hat.
Prädiktion des Drogenkonsums und der Suchtentwicklung durch Faktoren in der Kindheit: Grundlagen und Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie
Authors: Küfner Heinrich , Duwe Anette , Schuman Jutta , Bühringer Gerhard
Published: May 2015

Im Rahmen der Studie »Längsschnittanalyse des Drogenabusus« (LADA) wurde ein Konzept zur Prädiktion des Drogenkonsums und einer Suchtdiagnose (schädlicher Gebrauch oder Abhängigkeit nach DSM-IV) entwickelt und Ergebnisse der ersten Datenerhebung dargestellt. Bei der vorliegenden Analyse werden Kindheitsfaktoren bis zum Alter von 10 Jahren in ihrer prädiktiven Bedeutung für einen späteren Drogenkonsum bzw. für die Entwicklung einer Suchtdiagnose erfaßt. Auf diese Weise werden Einflußfaktoren der Pubertät ausgegrenzt und gleichzeitig sicher gestellt, daß die potentiellen Bedingungsfaktoren vor dem Beginn eines Drogenkonsums auftreten. Die Probandenstichprobe umfaßt insgesamt 1147 Probanden, darunter auch eine Kontrollgruppe mit 105 Probanden ohne Drogenkonsum für den Vergleich mit Drogenkonsumenten. Für die Prädiktion einer Suchtdiagnose wurden Probandengruppen mit und ohne Suchtdiagnose verglichen. Die auf unterschiedlichen Zugangswegen rekrutierten Drogenkonsumenten waren in unterschiedlichen Phasen des Drogenkonsums vom Probierkonsum bis zur Abhängigkeit und können als repräsentativ für unterschiedliche Phasen des Drogenkonsums angesehen werden. Mit einem computergestützten Interview wurden folgende Lebensbereiche erfaßt: Familiäre Faktoren einschließlich der Suchtbelastung der Eltern, die soziale Situation und soziale Beziehungen, Aufmerksamkeitsdefizite und Hyperaktivität als Aspekte des ADH-Syndroms, deviantes Verhalten in der Kindheit und Kindheitstraumata. Das spätere Drogenverhalten wurde mit drei Sektionen des M-CIDI erfaßt. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung grundlegender Probleme der Prädiktion wurde ein allgemeines Strukturmodell des Drogenabusus entwickelt. Die empirisch-statistische Auswertung erfolgte durch eine Kombination von logistischer Regression und Survivalanalyse in 3 Schritten:
Univariate Auswertung der Einzelprädiktoren mit der abhängigen Variablen Drogenkonsum bzw. Suchtdiagnose
Multivariate Prädiktion in den Bereichen Familien, Devianz, Kindheitstrauma und Konsum legaler Drogen hinsichtlich der gleichen abhängigen Variablen
Gesamtmodell der Prädiktion unter Einbeziehung aller signifikanten Prädiktoren in den Teilbereichen. Männer und Frauen wurden durchgehend getrennt ausgewertet.
Anwendung des European Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI) im Rahmen einer ambulanten Behandlung von Drogenabhängigen
Authors: Weiler Detlef , Vogt Michaela , Küfner Heinrich
Published: May 2015

Der European Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI) ist ein semi-strukturiertes Interview, welches Daten von Personen mit Suchtproblemen in sieben voneinander unabhängigen Problembereichen erfasst: körperlicher Zustand, Arbeits- und Unterhaltssituation, Alkoholgebrauch, Drogengebrauch, rechtliche Situation, Familie und Sozialbeziehungen sowie psychischer Status. Mit den Interviewer Schweregrad-Ratings und den Composite Scores stellt der EuropASI zwei verschiedene zusammenfassende Maße über Störungen in den einzelnen Lebensbereichen zur Verfügung. Es werden die psychometrischen Eigenschaften des EuropASI bei Klienten einer ambulanten medizinischen Rehabilitation unter Methadon-Substitution überprüft. Außerdem werden Veränderungsprozesse während der Behandlung mit Hilfe der Composite Scores untersucht. Bei der Untersuchung der internen Konsistenz der Composite Scores zeigen sich befriedigende Cronbachs Alpha-Werte. Die Interkorrelationen zwischen Interviewer-Schweregrad-Ratings und Composite Scores weisen auf eine gute Übereinstimmung der beiden zusammenfassenden Maße hin. Hinsichtlich der inhaltlichen Validität der Composite Scores werden Bedenken geäußert und Alternativvorschläge gemacht. Bei den Klienten der ambulanten medizinischen Rehabilitation zeigen sich beim Drogengebrauch und bei der rechtlichen Situation positive
Veränderungen.
Jugendlicher Tabakkonsum im Längsschnitt: Gibt es suchtprotektive Personmerkmale?
Authors: Fischer Volkhard
Published: May 2015

Jugendlicher Tabakkonsum ist immer wieder Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher und politischer Debatten. Dagegen wird der Frage, warum manche Jugendliche nicht rauchen, verhältnismäßig wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Im Rahmen gängiger, auf Erwachsene bezogener, Gesundheitsverhaltensmodelle wäre Tabakkonsum als irrationales und Tabakabstinenz als vernünftiges Verhalten einzustufen. Betrachtet man dagegen den verantwortlichen Umgang mit Drogen als eine zu meisternde Entwicklungsaufgabe, so kann jugendlicher Tabakkonsum durchaus auch funktional sein, ohne seine gesundheitsgefährdende Eigenschaft zu verlieren. Geht man von dieser Perspektive aus, so gilt es, die Voraussetzungen für Substanzgebrauch als Lösungsweg zu erkennen und ihnen entgegen zu wirken. Eine Analyse der Merkmale jugendlicher Nichtraucher kann hier wertvolle Hinweise liefern.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die zwischen 1993 und 1995 erhobenen Daten einer Längsschnittstudie mit 681 Schülerinnen und Schülern genutzt, um explorativ nach Variablen zu suchen, die jugendliche Tabakabstinenz erklären könnten und durch schulische Präventionsprogramme beeinflussbar sind. Die Befunde bestätigen die Vermutung, dass sich suchtpräventive Personmerkmale finden lassen, die eine Diskrimination zwischen über die Zeit abstinenten und über die Zeit regelmäßig konsumierenden Schülerinnen und Schülern ermöglichen. Da sich in den beiden betrachteten Altersgruppen teilweise unterschiedliche Variablen als Prädiktoren bewährten, liegt die Vermutung nahe, dass jugendlichem Tabakkonsum je nach Alter der Jugendlichen eine spezifische Funktion zukommt.