bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing and Morphological Analysis of Composite Material of Polystyrene Nanospheres/Cadmium Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Wibawa Pratama Jujur , Saim Hashim , Agam Mohd. Arif , Nur Hadi
Published: March 2013

A very simple nanocomposite material has been in-situ manufactured from an aqueous polystyrene nanospheres dispersion and cadmium (Cd) metal nanoparticles. The manufacturing was performed by using a high frequency of 40 kHz ultrasonic (US) agitation for 45 minute at atmospheric pressure and at room temperature 20 oC. No chemical reducing agent and surfactant added in this manufacturing technique due to the US could reduce Cd2+ ions of cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate to Cd atomic metals nanoparticles whereas water molecules could act as a pseudo stabilizer for the manufactured material. A thin film was manufactured from aqueous colloidal nanocomposite material of Polystyrene nanospheres/Cd metal nanoparticles (PSNs/CdMNp) fabricated on a hydrophilic silicon wafer. The thin film was then characterized by a JEOL-FESEM for its surface morphology characteristic and by ATR-FTIR spectrometry for its molecular change investigation. It could be clearly observed that surface morphology of the thin film material was not significantly changed under 633 nm wavelength continuous laser radiation exposure for 20 minute. In addition, its ATR-FTIR spectra of wave number peaks around 3400 cm-1 have been totally disappeared under the laser exposure whereas that at around 699 cm-1 and 668 cm-1 have not been significantly changed. The first phenomenon indicated that the hydrogen bond existed in PSNs/CdMNp material was collapsed by the laser exposure. The second phenomena indicated that the PSNs phenyl ring moiety was not totally destroyed under the laser exposure. It was suspected due to the existence of Cd nanoparticles covered throughout the spherical surface of PSNs/CdMNp material particles. Therefore a nice model of material structure of the mentioned PSNs/CdMNp nanocomposite material could be suggested in this research. It could be concluded that this research have been performed since the material structure model of the manufactured PSNs/CdMNp nanocomposite could be drawn and proposed. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)(Selected Paper from International Conference on Chemical and Material Engineering (ICCME) 2012)
HZSM-5 Catalyst for Cracking Palm Oil to Gasoline: A Comparative Study with and without Impregnation
Authors: Roesyadi Achmad , Hariprajitno Danawati , Nurjannah N. , Savitri Santi Dyah
Published: March 2013

It is important to develop a renewable source of energy to overcome a limited source fossil energy. Palm oil is a potential alternative and environmental friendly energy resource in Indonesia due to high production capacity of this vegetable oil. The research studied effect of catalyst to selectivity of biofuel product from cracking of palm oil. The catalyst consisted of HZSM-5 catalyst with or without impregnation. The research was conducted in two steps, namely catalyst synthesized and catalytic cracking process. HZSM-5 was synthesized using Plank methods. The characterization of the synthesized catalysts used AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) and BET (Brunaueur Emmet Teller). The cracking was carried out in a fixed bed microreactor with diameter of 1 cm and length of 16 cm which was filled with 0.6 gram catalyst. The Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst was recommended for cracking palm oil for the high selectivity to gasoline. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Preparation of Silver Immobilised TiO2-Hectorite for Phenol Removal and Eschericia coli Desinfection
Authors: Fatimah Is
Published: March 2013

Preparation of silver immobilized TiO2-Hectorite and its application in phenol photooxidation and Eschericia coli bacteria desinfection has been conducted. Material was obtained by two steps of synthesis: preparation of TiO2-Hectorite and silver immobilization into TiO2-Hectorite. Physico-chemical characterization to the prepared material compared to raw hectorite was conducted by X-ray Diffraction, gas sorption analyzer, scanning electron microscope and DRUV-Visible spectrophotometry and for photoactivity study, phenol photooxidation and Eschericia coli desinfection were investigated. The results indicated that the modification to hectorite material improve the physico-chemical character related to its role as photo-catalyst. Kinetic study of phenol photooxidation revealed the role of TiO2 pillarization and silver immobilization in enhancing rate of reaction as well as increased photoactivity of the materials in E. coli desinfection. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Non Catalytic Transesterification of Vegetables Oil to Biodiesel in Sub-and Supercritical Methanol: A Kinetic’s Study
Authors: Asri Nyoman Puspa , Machmudah Siti , Wahyudiono W. , Suprapto S. , Budikarjono Kusno , Roesyadi Achmad , Goto Motonobu
Published: March 2013

Non catalytic transesterification in sub and supercritical methanol have been used to produce biodiesel from palm oil and soybean oil. A kinetic study was done under reaction condition with temperature and time control. The experiments were carried out in a batch type reactor at reaction temperatures from 210 °C (subcritical condition) to 290 °C (the supercritical state) in the interval ranges of temperature of 20 °C and at various molar ratios of oil to methanol. The rate constants of the reaction were determined by employing a simple method, with the overall chemical reaction followed the pseudo-first–order reaction. Based on the results, the rate constants of vegetables oil were significantly influenced by reaction temperature, which were gradually increased at subcritical temperature, but sharply increased in the supercritical state. However, the rate constants of soybean oil were slightly higher than that of palm oil. The activation energy for transesterification of soybean oil was 89.32 and 79.05 kJ/mole for palm oil. Meanwhile, the frequency factor values of both oils were 72462892 and 391210 min-1, respectively. The rate reaction for both of oil were expressed as -rTG = 72462892 exp(-89.32/RT)CTG for soybean oil and -rTG = 391210 exp(-79.05/RT)CTG for palm oil. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase gene val158met polymorphism and depressive symptoms during early childhood
Authors: Sheikh Haroon I. , Kryski Katie R. , Smith Heather J. , Dougherty Lea R. , Klein Daniel N. , Bufferd Sara J. , Singh Shiva M. , Hayden Elizabeth P.
Published: March 2013

Catechol‐O‐Methyltransferase (COMT) is a critical regulator of catecholamine levels in the brain. A functional polymorphism of the COMT gene, val158met, has been linked to internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety) in adolescents and adults. We extended this research by investigating whether the val158met polymorphism was associated with childhood symptoms of depression and anxiety in two independent samples of young children (Ns = 476 and 409). In both samples, preschool‐aged children were genotyped for the COMT val158met polymorphism. Symptoms of psychopathology were assessed via parent interviews and primary caregiver reports. In both samples, children homozygous for the val allele had higher levels of depressive symptoms compared to children with at least one copy of the met allele. Our findings extend previous research in older participants by showing links between the COMT val158met polymorphism and internalizing symptoms in early childhood. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testing the diathesis‐stress model: 5‐HTTLPR, childhood emotional maltreatment, and vulnerability to social anxiety disorder
Authors: Reinelt Eva , Stopsack Malte , Aldinger Maren , John Ulrich , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Barnow Sven
Published: March 2013

Regarding the development of social anxiety disorder (SAD), a diathesis‐stress paradigm including biological vulnerabilities and environmental stressors can be assumed. However, studies dealing with the etiology of SAD did not integrate both aspects so far. We examined a particular diathesis‐stress model for SAD in which we included a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter (5‐HTTLPR) as a genetic vulnerability factor and childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) as an environmental stressor. Current analyses were based on individuals who participated in the Study of Health in Pomerania. Psychiatric disorders were assessed with diagnostic interviews according to DSM‐IV criteria. The triallelic genotype of 5‐HTTLPR was determined. Statistical analyses were performed in 78 individuals with SAD and 1,035 without an axis I disorder. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the experience of CEM (odds ratio [OR] 4.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.65–7.84), the l/l genotype of 5‐HTTLPR (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.31–3.48), female gender (OR 3.03; 95% CI 1.80–5.08) and younger age (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.06) increased the odds for SAD. The data suggest that CEM, the l/l genotype of 5‐HTTLPR, female gender and younger age are risk factors for SAD. This is in favor of the tested diathesis‐stress model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Situation normality and the shape of search: The effects of time delays and information presentation on search behavior
Authors: Taylor Nolan J. , Dennis Alan R. , Cummings Jeff W.
Published: March 2013

Delays have become one of the most often cited complaints of web users. Long delays often cause users to abandon their searches, but how do tolerable delays affect information search behavior? Intuitively, we would expect that tolerable delays should induce decreased information search. We conducted two experiments and found that as delay increased, a point occurs at which time within‐page information search increases; that is, search behavior remained the same until a tipping point occurs where delay increases the depth of search. We argue that situation normality explains this phenomenon; users have become accustomed to tolerable delays up to a point (our research suggests between 7 and 11 s), after which search behavior changes. That is, some delay is expected, but as delay becomes noticeable but not long enough to cause the abandonment of search, an increase occurs in the “stickiness” of webpages such that users examine more information on each page before moving to new pages. The net impact of tolerable delays was counterintuitive: tolerable delays had no impact on the total amount of data searched in the first experiment, but induced users to examine more data points in the second experiment.
Segregated flux balance analysis constrained by population structure/function data: The case of PHA production by mixed microbial cultures
Authors: Pardelha F. , Albuquerque M.G.E. , Carvalho G. , Reis M.A.M. , Dias J.M.L. , Oliveira R.
Published: March 2013

In this study we developed a segregated flux balance analysis (FBA) method to calculate metabolic flux distributions of the individual populations present in a mixed microbial culture (MMC). Population specific flux data constraints were derived from the raw data typically obtained by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microautoradiography (MAR)‐FISH techniques. This method was applied to study the metabolic heterogeneity of a MMC that produces polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from fermented sugar cane molasses. Three populations were identified by FISH, namely Paracoccus sp., Thauera sp., and Azoarcus sp. The segregated FBA method predicts a flux distribution for each of the identified populations. The method is shown to predict with high accuracy the average PHA storage flux and the respective monomeric composition for 16 independent experiments. Moreover, flux predictions by segregated FBA were slightly better than those obtained by nonsegregated FBA, and also highly concordant with metabolic flux analysis (MFA) estimated fluxes. The segregated FBA method can be of high value to assess metabolic heterogeneity in MMC systems and to derive more efficient eco‐engineering strategies. For the case of PHA‐producing MMC considered in this work, it becomes apparent that the PHA average monomeric composition might be controlled not only by the volatile fatty acids (VFA) feeding profile but also by the population composition present in the MMC. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2267–2276. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the early and late outcomes of open and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Stather P W , Sidloff D , Dattani N , Choke E , Bown M J , Sayers R D
Published: March 2013

Background

Any possible long-term benefit from endovascular (EVAR) versus open surgical repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains unproven. Long-term data from the Open Versus Endovascular Repair (OVER) trial add to the debate regarding long-term all-cause and aneurysm-related mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate 30-day and long-term mortality, reintervention, rupture and morbidity after EVAR and open repair for AAA in a systematic review.

Methods

Standard PRISMA guidelines were followed. Random-effects Mantel–Haenszel meta-analysis was performed to evaluate mortality and morbidity outcomes.

Results

The existing published randomized trials, together with information from Medicare and SwedVasc databases, were included in a meta-analysis. This included 25 078 patients undergoing EVAR and 27 142 undergoing open repair for AAA. Patients who had EVAR had a significantly lower 30-day or in-hospital mortality rate (1·3 per cent versus 4·7 per cent for open repair; odds ratio (OR) 0·36, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·21 to 0·61; P < 0·001). By 2-year follow-up there was no difference in all-cause mortality (14·3 versus 15·2 per cent; OR 0·87, 0·72 to 1·06; P = 0·17), which was maintained after at least 4 years of follow-up (34·7 versus 33·8 per cent; OR 1·11, 0·91 to 1·35; P = 0·30). There was no significant difference in aneurysm-related mortality by 2 years or longer follow-up. A significantly higher proportion of patients undergoing EVAR required reintervention (P = 0·003) and suffered aneurysm rupture (P < 0·001).

Conclusion

There is no long-term survival benefit for patients who have EVAR compared with open repair for AAA. There are also significantly higher risks of reintervention and aneurysm rupture after EVAR.
Antiviral therapy after curative resection for patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chong C C N , Lai P B S
Published: March 2013

Merits evaluation in the West
ChemInform Abstract: [Ir2Te14Br12] 2(InBr4)2 — Clusters with Te10.‐ Radical Anions.
Authors: Guenther Anja , Isaeva Anna , Ruck Michael
Published: March 2013

Black crystals of the title compound are obtained in high yield from mixtures of the elements (evacuated silica tube, 300 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Decomposition of Rare‐Earth Metal Disulfides LnS2 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd).
Authors: Bartsch Christian , Ahrens Eike , Doert Thomas
Published: March 2013

Sub‐micron and nanometer scaled particles of the title compounds are prepared by microwave‐assisted metathesis reactions of LnCl3 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd) and Na2S2 or Na2S4 in DMF (microwaves, 160—220 °C, 20 min—24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of a New Glaserite Material, K3RE(VO4)2 (RE: Sc, Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, or Tm) with Potential Lasing and Optical Properties.
Authors: Kimani Martin M. , Thompson Lindsey , Snider Whitney , McMillen Colin D. , Kolis Joseph W.
Published: March 2013

The title compounds are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of LnVO4 (Ln: Y, Sc, Dy, Ho, Lu, Tm, Yb) and K2CO3 (autoclave, 560 °C, 6 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Rich Framework Selenoarsenates Based on Icosahedral Cu8Se13 Clusters.
Authors: Zhang Ren‐Chun , Zhang Chi , Zhang Dao‐Jun , Wang Jun‐Jie , Zhang Zhi‐Fei , Ji Min , An Yong‐Lin
Published: March 2013

The new isostructural compounds (IV), (V), and (VII) crystallize in the cubic space group Fm$\bar 3$c with Z = 2.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective and Recyclable Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Malonates to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Ghosh Subrata K. , Dhungana Kritanjali , Headley Allan D. , Ni Bukuo
Published: March 2013

The catalyst can be recycled up to four times with gradual reductions in yields and enantioselectivity observed after the second cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenations of C=N and C=O Bonds in Neat Water: Anchoring of Water‐Soluble Metal Complexes onto Ion‐Exchange Resins.
Authors: Barbaro Pierluigi , Gonsalvi Luca , Guerriero Antonella , Liguori Francesca
Published: March 2013

An iridium heterogeneous catalyst is prepared and successfully applied in the hydrogenation of a variety of substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Supported on Graphene‐Like Carbon: Preparation and Catalytic Properties.
Authors: Kryukov Alexander Yu. , Davydov Sergey Yu. , Izvol'skii Igor M. , Rakov Eduard G. , Abramova Natalya V. , Sokolov Viacheslav I.
Published: March 2013

The activity of the novel Pd catalyst is relatively high in the Suzuki reaction [→(III)] and moderate in the Heck reaction leading to compound (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Amines via Oxidative Aromatization of Cyclic Ketones and Amines with Molecular Oxygen.
Authors: Girard Simon A. , Hu Xiong , Knauber Thomas , Zhou Feng , Simon Marc‐Olivier , Deng Guo‐Jun , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: March 2013

Convenient methods to prepare aryl amines and diaryl amines are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Synthesis of Conjugated 1,2‐Disubstituted E‐Allylic Alcohols from Two Aldehydes and Methylenetriphenylphosphorane.
Authors: Hodgson David M. , Persaud Rosanne S. D.
Published: March 2013

β‐Lithiooxyphosphonium ylides, generated in situ from an aldehyde (I) and phosphorane (II), react with a second aldehyde (III) or (V) to form E‐allylic alcohols (IV) and (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Aldol Reaction: In situ Aldehyde‐Enolate Formation from Allyloxyboranes and Primary Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Lin Luqing , Yamamoto Kumiko , Matsunaga Shigeki , Kanai Motomu
Published: March 2013

Reactions of aldehydes with allyloxy/homoallyloxyboranes or allylic/homoallylic alcohols under conditions A) provides isomerization/cross‐aldol products with good syn‐selectivity after conversion to acetals or reductive work‐up to diols.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Fluoroesters Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Ming , Cheung Man Sing , Lin Zhenyang , Sun Jianwei
Published: March 2013

The process is of special interest due to the high importance of chiral fluorine compounds in various fields of organic chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐α‐Acyl‐α,β‐Unsaturated Esters from Alkynyl Esters and Aryl Acyl Chlorides.
Authors: Jiang Jianwen , Liu Haiyi , Zhang Jiatao , Cai Mingzhong
Published: March 2013

The tandem hydrostannylation — Stille cross‐coupling proceeds with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity to produce functionalized synthons for natural product preparation.
ChemInform Abstract: Anticancer siRNA Delivery by New Anticancer Molecule: A Novel Combination Strategy for Cancer Cell Killing.
Authors: Muktapuram Prathap Reddy , Gara Rishi Kumar , Sharma Komal , Rohit Chilappa , Srinivas Kolupula , Mishra Durga Prasad , Bathula Surendar Reddy
Published: March 2013

A series of cationic lipobenzamides (I) are synthesized and screened for their in vitro anticancer activities against a panel of cancer and non‐cancer cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimethylbut‐2‐ynedioate‐Mediated Esterification of Acids via sp3 C—N Bond Cleavage of Benzylic Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Shen Hao , Lu Xing , Jiang Ke‐Zhi , Yang Ke‐Fang , Lu Yixin , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: March 2013

The synthetic use of tertiary amines for the esterification of equimolar amounts of carboxylic acids involves an sp3 C—N bond cleavage.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembled Monolayer‐Coated Gold Nanoparticle Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of α‐Hydroxy Ketones in Water: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives.
Authors: Bhattacharya Tamalika , Sarma Tridib K. , Samanta Sampak
Published: March 2013

The complex Pd system promotes the aerobic oxidation of aryl‐substituted α‐hydroxy ketones to aryl 1,2‐diketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Dihydrochalcones, Aryl Vinyl Ketones and Indanones by Superelectrophilic Activation of 4,4,4‐Trifluoro/3‐(trifluoromethyl)crotonic Acids.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Paknia Farzaneh , Narayanan Arjun , Rasul Golam , Mathew Thomas , Olah George A.
Published: March 2013

A novel and efficient direct synthetic route to trifluoromethylated dihydrochalcones (III), aryl vinyl ketones (V), and indanones like (VIII) is based on Friedel—Crafts reactions under superacidic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐ and Sulfonamide‐Catalyzed Cyclization Between N‐Sulfonyl Imines and Alkynes.
Authors: Zhao Peng , Wang Fen , Han Keil , Li Xingwei
Published: March 2013

Treatment of aromatic sulfonyl imines with alkynes under conditions A) results in effective formation of various indenamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Activation of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds for Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Jiang Hao , Rodriguez‐Escrich Carles , Johansen Tore Kiilerich , Davis Rebecca L. , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: March 2013

Activation of the π‐system of anthracene in the presence of a chiral aminocatalyst significantly accelerates the cycloaddition process.
ChemInform Abstract: Tris(oxazoline)/Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Alkynes with Nitrones: A Highly Enantioselective Access to β‐Lactams.
Authors: Chen Jiang‐Hua , Liao Sai‐Hu , Sun Xiu‐Li , Shen Qi , Tang Yong
Published: March 2013

An efficient ligand is successfully applied to the enantio‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Reactions of Donor—Acceptor‐Substituted Cyclopropanes for the Synthesis of 3,3′‐Linked Oligopyrroles and Pyrrolo[3,2‐e]indoles.
Authors: Kaschel Johannes , Schneider Tobias F. , Kratzert Daniel , Stalke Dietmar , Werz Daniel B.
Published: March 2013

A novel strategy to build the desired oligopyrroles and some congeners uses the reaction of bis‐cyclopropylannulated tetrahydrofurans with primary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Complex Polycyclic Scaffolds by Metathesis Rearrangement of Himbert Arene/Allene Cycloadducts.
Authors: Lam Jonathan K. , Schmidt Yvonne , Vanderwal Christopher D.
Published: March 2013

The reaction allows a new access to a wide range of polycyclic lactams which are of synthetic and biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem 1,5‐Migration/Michael Reactions to Prepare Adducts of Pyrazolone Derivatives: Protecting Group Directed Rearrangement.
Authors: Lu Zhijin , Xie Chen , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi
Published: March 2013

Reaction of pyrazolines of type (I) with nitroolefins (II) follows the title sequence and affords 4‐substituted‐5‐pyrazolone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium—Copper‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Amination of Benzo[d]oxazole C—H Bond.
Authors: Chen Shuyou , Zheng Kui , Chen Fan
Published: March 2013

Optimized conditions are developed for the treatment of benzoxazoles with sulfanyl chlorides as nitrogen group sources.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Free Direct C—H Bond Thiolation of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles and Related Heteroarenes.
Authors: Zou Liang‐Hua , Reball Jens , Mottweiler Jakob , Bolm Carsten
Published: March 2013

A simple procedure is elaborated for the thiolation of different heterocyclic substrates, e.g. oxadiazoles (I), indoles (IV), benzothiazole (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Dianions to Carbonyl Compounds: One‐Pot Lactonization and Ketalization of δ‐Hydroxy‐β‐keto Esters to Protected Pyrone Derivatives.
Authors: Ghorai Manas K. , Halder Sandipan , Samanta Sauvik
Published: March 2013

The present new method is also applied to chiral aldehyde (VII) and the appropriate addition product is obtained after protection of the OH‐group as silyl ether as a mixture of diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relationships of Biflavonoids for β‐Secretase (BACE‐1) Inhibitory Activity.
Authors: Sasaki Hiroaki , Kitoh Yuki , Miki Kazuhiko , Kinoshita Kaoru , Koyama Kiyotaka , Kaneda Miyuki , Takahashi Kunio
Published: March 2013

It is shown that the structure of a flavanone‐flavone dimer with a methoxy group at the C‐4 position as in compounds (S)‐(Ia) and (S)‐(Ib) is important for a strong BACE‐1 inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of Piperidine‐2,6‐dione‐piperazine (piperidine) Derivatives as Multireceptor Atypical Antipsychotics.
Authors: Chen Yin , Xu Xiangqing , Liu Xin , Liu Bi‐Feng , Zhang Guisen
Published: March 2013

Compound (I) shows high affinity for dopamine D2 and D3, serotonin 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT2A, and 5‐HT2C receptors with a low affinity for the H1 receptor.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Regioselective Synthetic Approach Towards Fluorinated Quinolinylphosphonates.
Authors: Duda Blazej , Tverdomed Sergey N. , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker
Published: March 2013

Electron‐deficient fluorinated acetylenephosphonates (II) react with 2‐aminobenzaldehyde imines (I) to give biologically interesting CF2‐containing quinolinylphosphonates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Acetate Monohydrate: A Cheap but Efficient Oxidant for Synthesizing Multi‐Substituted Indolizines from Pyridinium Ylides and Electron Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Hu Huayou , Feng Junjun , Zhu Yulan , Gu Ning , Kan Yuhe
Published: March 2013

The biologically important heterocyclic system is readily available in moderate to good yields and various functionalities are tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Chemoselective Bis(Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling): Efficient Access to 3,9‐Bis[(hetero)aryl]‐4H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐one Derivatives under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Kabri Youssef , Crozet Maxime D. , Primas Nicolas , Vanelle Patrice
Published: March 2013

The different reactivities of the ring positions in compound (I) allow for chemoselective one‐pot double Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Syntheses of Novel Pyrazole‐Containing Bisphosphonate Esters at Room Temperature.
Authors: Xiang Haoyue , Qi Xueyu , Xie Yuyuan , Xu Guangyu , Yang Chunhao
Published: March 2013

An efficient general synthetic approach is developed to synthesize pyrazole‐containing bisphosphonate esters from chromenone derivatives via a sequential two‐step one‐pot procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkylphosphonates from H‐Phosphonates and N‐Tosylhydrazones.
Authors: Miao Wenjun , Gao Yuzhen , Li Xueqin , Gao Yuxing , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen
Published: March 2013

This method is a novel access to alkylphosphonates (III) and (V) and can also be used to synthesize alkyldiphenylphosphine oxides, e.g. (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium Carbonate Polyamorphism and Its Role in Biomineralization: How Many Amorphous Calcium Carbonates Are There?
Authors: Cartwright Julyan H. E. , Checa Antonio G. , Gale Julian D. , Gebauer Denis , Sainz‐Diaz C Ignacio
Published: March 2013

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Properties of the Group 14 Zintl Ions and Their Derivatives
Authors: Eichhorn Bryan , Kocak Sanem
Published: March 2013

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Porous Solids: New Trends
Authors: Jimenez‐Sanchidrian Cesar , Romero‐Salguero Francisco Jose , Ruiz Arrebola Jose Rafael
Published: March 2013

Review: 245 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Molecular Spectroscopy in Bioorganometallic Chemistry. Part 2. Ferrocenes and Other Organometallic Complexes
Authors: Butler Ian S. , Kengne‐Momo Rosine P. , Vessieres Anne , Jaouen Gerard , Policar Clotilde
Published: March 2013

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobial Peptides for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Seo Min‐Duk , Won Hyung‐Sik , Kim Ji‐Hun , Mishig‐Ochir Tsogbadrakh , Lee Bong‐Jin
Published: March 2013

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Inhibition of Protein Carbohydrate Interactions by Dendritic Multivalent Glycoligands
Authors: Pieters Roland J.
Published: March 2013

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Ionic Liquid from Carboydrates: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Pereira M. Manuela A.
Published: March 2013

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Antioxidant Polymers: Metal‐Chelating Agents
Authors: Zalloum Hiba M. , Mubarak Mohammad S.
Published: March 2013

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclometallation of Heterocycles: A Reliable Strategy for Selective Functionalization
Authors: Cuesta Luciano , Urriolabeitia Esteban P.
Published: March 2013

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoremovable Protecting Groups in Chemistry and Biology: Reaction Mechanisms and Efficacy
Authors: Klan Petr , Solomek Tomas , Bochet Christian G. , Blanc Aurelien , Givens Richard , Rubina Marina , Popik Vladimir , Kostikov Alexey , Wirz Jakob
Published: March 2013

Review: 799 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation in the Pharmaceutical, Agrochemical, and Fragrance Industries
Authors: Whiteker Gregory T. , Cobley Christopher J.
Published: March 2013

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Late Transition Metal Catalyzed Hydroamination
Authors: Nishina Naoko , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: March 2013

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium(III) Complexes as Promising Emitters for Solid‐State Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells (LECs)
Authors: Dumur Frederic , Bertin Denis , Gigmes Didier
Published: March 2013

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments on Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production by Oil Esterification and Transesterification Reactions
Authors: Borges M. E. , Diaz L.
Published: March 2013

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Biocathodes in Microbial Fuel Cells: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Gurung Anup , Oh Sang Eun
Published: March 2013

Review: 102 refs.
Regulatory role of the second gelsolin‐like domain of Caenorhabditis elegans gelsolin‐like protein 1 (GSNL‐1) in its calcium‐dependent conformation and actin‐regulatory activities
Authors: Liu Zhongmei , Ono Shoichiro
Published: March 2013

Caenorhabditis elegans gelsolin‐like protein‐1 (GSNL‐1) is an unconventional member of the gelsolin family of actin‐regulatory proteins. Unlike typical gelsolin‐related proteins with three or six G domains, GSNL‐1 has four gelsolin‐like (G) domains (G1–G4) and exhibits calcium‐dependent actin filament severing and capping activities. The first G domain (G1) of GSNL‐1 is necessary for its actin‐regulatory activities. However, how other domains in GSNL‐1 participate in regulation of its functions is not understood. Here, we report biochemical evidence that the second G domain (G2) of GSNL‐1 has a regulatory role in its calcium‐dependent conformation and actin‐regulatory activities. Comparison of the sequences of gelsolin‐related proteins from various species indicates that sequences of G2 are highly conserved. Among the conserved residues in G2, we focused on D162 of GSNL‐1, since equivalent residues in gelsolin and severin are part of the calcium‐binding sites and is a pathogenic mutation site in human gelsolin causing familial amyloidosis, Finish‐type. The D162N mutation does not alter the inactive and fully calcium‐activated states of GSNL‐1 for actin filament severing (at 20 nM GSNL‐1) and capping activities (at 50 nM GSNL‐1). However, under these conditions, the mutant shows reduced calcium sensitivity for activation. By contrast, the D162N mutation strongly enhances susceptibility of GSNL‐1 to chymotrypsin digestion only at high calcium concentrations but not at low calcium concentrations. The mutation also reduces affinity of GSNL‐1 with actin monomers. These results suggest that G2 of GSNL‐1 functions as a regulatory domain for its calcium‐dependent actin‐regulatory activities by mediating conformational changes of the GSNL‐1 molecule. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Combined flow cytometric assessment of CD45, HLA‐DR, CD34, and CD117 expression is a useful approach for reliable quantification of blast cells in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Sandes Alex F. , Kerbauy Daniella M. B. , Matarraz Sergio , Chauffaille Maria de Lourdes L. F. , López Antonio , Orfao Alberto , Yamamoto Mihoko
Published: March 2013

Background.

Quantification of bone marrow (BM) blasts by cytomorphology is essential for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Owing to its subjectivity and the potential impact of dysplastic features on accurate identification of blast cells, more objective approaches are required, multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) being a particularly promising approach in this regard. However, no consensus exists about the optimal combination of markers and strategy to be used.

Methods.

BM blast counts from 74 MDS patients were evaluated by morphology versus four different MFC phenotypic criteria: “CD34+”, “CD34+ and/or CD117+”, “CD34+, and/or CD117+HLA‐DR+”, and “CD34+ and CD117+HLA‐DR+ plus CD64+CD14−/lo” cells. For each criterium, the percentage of blasts was calculated using either all BM nucleated cells or non‐erythroid CD45+ cells as denominator.

Results.

The number of “CD34+ and/or CD117+HLA‐DR+”cells showed the highest correlation and agreement with morphological counts, only a minor proportion of cases being misclassified by MFC vs. morphology for the >5% and >10% classification thresholds. In turn, a CD34+ phenotype was insufficient to correctly identify and quantify blasts. Conversely, usage of non‐erythroid BM cells as denominator, or inclusion of “CD34+ and/or CD117+HLA‐DR+ plus CD64+CD14−lo” cells were both associated with overestimated blast counts.

Conclusions.

Quantification of “CD34+ and/or CD117+HLA‐DR+” cells (from all nucleated BM cells) by MFC is an efficient method for the enumeration of blasts in MDS. However, caution should be taken with replacing morphology by MFC blast counts; its combined use may rather provide complementary information increasing the accuracy and reproducibility of BM blast cell counts in these patients. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Copper(I) Oxide Nanocrystals – One Step Synthesis, Characterization, Formation Mechanism, and Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Singhal Anshu , Pai Mrinal R. , Rao Rekha , Pillai Kodanthakurup T. , Lieberwirth Ingo , Tyagi Avesh K.
Published: March 2013

We report here two different simple, one‐pot, and low cost chemical synthetic routes for the preparation of Cu2O nanocrystals: (a) thermal decomposition of copper–organic precursors copper(II) acetate or copper(II) acetylacetonate in long chain organic solvents oleyl alcohol and trioctylamine, respectively, at 170 °C and (b) a surfactant‐free solvothermal approach involving the reaction of copper(II) acetylacetonate in acetone at 140 °C. The structure and morphology of the nanocrystals have been characterized in detail by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The optical properties of the nanocrystals have been explored by diffuse‐reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and a blueshift of the optical band gap of the nanocrystals is observed owing to size effects. Based on the FTIR, GC–MS, and 13C{1H} NMR studies of post‐reaction solutions, different formation mechanisms for the Cu2O nanocrystals, which depend on the synthetic approach, have been proposed. Oleyl alcohol and trioctylamine play dual roles as solvents and mild reductants and reduce CuII species to CuI species during the course of the thermal decomposition reactions. The solvothermal reaction of copper(II) acetylacetonate in acetone possibly proceeds by acetylacetone‐mediated reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ in the absence of any reducing agent. The potential of Cu2O nanocrystals as photocatalytic materials for hydrogen generation from water/methanol (2:1) mixtures under UV/Vis irradiation has also been evaluated. The results show that all the nanocystalline Cu2O samples generate H2.
Synthesis of CuO and Cu3N Nanoparticles in and on Hollow Silica Spheres
Authors: Deshmukh Rupali , Schubert Ulrich
Published: March 2013

Copper oxide nanoparticles within hollow mesoporous silica spheres were prepared by binding/adsorbing Cu2+ or [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ ions on the surface of carbon spheres, followed by formation of a mesoporous silica shell by sol–gel processing and calcination in air. The CuO nanoparticles can subsequently be converted into Cu3N nanoparticles by nitridation with ammonia. The effect of the different copper precursors, i.e. Cu2+ and [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+, on the nanocomposites was studied. CuO nanoparticles on the outer surface of hollow silica spheres were obtained by thermal treatment of hollow CuSiO3 spheres in air. Nitridation of the CuSiO3 spheres with ammonia resulted in Cu3N@SiO2 composites, with aggregated Cu3N nanoparticles on hollow silica spheres.
Desymmetrization and Switching of Stereoselectivity in Direct Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Ketones to 1,1‐Bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene
Authors: Chen Yan ming , Lee Pei‐Hsun , Lin Jun , Chen Kwunmin
Published: March 2013

The organocatalytic desymmetrization was demonstrated for 4‐substituted cyclohexanones by treatment with a vinyl sulfone in the presence of an organocatalyst. The desired Michael adducts were typically obtained in high chemical yields and high to excellent stereoselectivities (up to 97 % yield, 93 % ee). An efficient desymmetrization method was developed for the synthesis of enantiomeric products by using either camphor‐derived pyrrolidine V or cinchonidine‐derived primary amine VII as a catalyst. The absolute stereochemistry of the (2R,4R)‐2‐[2,2‐bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]‐4‐methylcyclohexanone (3a) and (2R,4R)‐2‐[2,2‐bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]‐4‐tert‐butylcyclohexanone (3b) was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analyses.
Reaction of Nitrile Oxides with Masked o‐Benzoquinones; Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Isoxazolines
Authors: Chittimalla Santhosh Kumar , Kuppusamy Rajesh , Thiyagarajan Kamalraj , Bandi Chennakesavulu
Published: March 2013

Masked o‐benzoquinones, on reaction with nitrile oxides generated in situ from the corresponding hydroxamoyl chlorides, provide [3+2] cycloaddition products or novel isoxazoline derivatives through an unprecedented rearrangement. The isolated [3+2] cycloadducts could be transformed into the corresponding isoxazoline derivatives in the presence of Et3N and highly functionalized benzisoxazoles in the presence of 4 N HCl.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Aryl(alkynyl)iodonium Salts
Authors: Dixon Luke I. , Carroll Michael A. , Gregson Thomas J. , Ellames George J. , Harrington Ross W. , Clegg William
Published: March 2013

The first practical, yet simple, preparation of aryl(alkynyl)iodonium trifluoroacetate salts is described. The generic nature of this synthetic method has allowed the production of a range of aryl(alkynyl)iodonium trifluoroacetate salts with independent variation of both the alkynyl and aryliodo groups in yields of 30–85 %. Application of these new reagents to the synthesis of a series of 2‐arylfuro[3,2‐c]pyridines (40–64 %) highlights the potential of this class of materials as precursors to bioactive heterocyclic structures. These experiments have also demonstrated that, in this case, the effect of the aryliodo group on the reaction is negligible.
Sample Size Considerations of Prediction‐Validation Methods in High‐Dimensional Data for Survival Outcomes
Authors: Pang Herbert , Jung Sin‐Ho
Published: March 2013

A variety of prediction methods are used to relate high‐dimensional genome data with a clinical outcome using a prediction model. Once a prediction model is developed from a data set, it should be validated using a resampling method or an independent data set. Although the existing prediction methods have been intensively evaluated by many investigators, there has not been a comprehensive study investigating the performance of the validation methods, especially with a survival clinical outcome. Understanding the properties of the various validation methods can allow researchers to perform more powerful validations while controlling for type I error. In addition, sample size calculation strategy based on these validation methods is lacking. We conduct extensive simulations to examine the statistical properties of these validation strategies. In both simulations and a real data example, we have found that 10‐fold cross‐validation with permutation gave the best power while controlling type I error close to the nominal level. Based on this, we have also developed a sample size calculation method that will be used to design a validation study with a user‐chosen combination of prediction. Microarray and genome‐wide association studies data are used as illustrations. The power calculation method in this presentation can be used for the design of any biomedical studies involving high‐dimensional data and survival outcomes.
Endoglin (CD105) expression on microvessel endothelial cells in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: Tissue microarray analysis and association with prognostic significance
Authors: Wang Jing‐Jing , Sun Xi‐Cai , Hu Li , Liu Zhuo‐Fu , Yu Hua‐Peng , Li Han , Wang Shu‐Yi , Wang De‐Hui
Published: March 2013

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine endoglin (CD105) expression on microvessel endothelial cells (ECs) in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) and its relationship with recurrence.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect CD105 expression in a tissue microarray from 70 patients with JNA. Correlation between CD105 expression on microvessel ECs and clinicopathological features, as well as tumor recurrence, were analyzed.

Results

Immunohistochemistry revealed CD105 expression on ECs but not in stroma of patients with JNA. Chi‐square analysis indicated CD105‐based microvessel density (MVD) was correlated with JNA recurrence (p = .013). Univariate and multivariate analyses determined that MVD was a significant predictor of time to recurrence (p = .009). The CD105‐based MVD was better for predicting disease recurrence (AUROC: 0.673; p = .036) than other clinicopathological features.

Conclusions

MVD is a useful predictor for poor prognosis of patients with JNA after curative resection. Angiogenesis, which may play an important role in the occurrence and development of JNA, is therefore a potential therapeutic target for JNA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1719–1725, 2013
After‐effects of cognitive control on pain
Authors: Silvestrini N. , Rainville P.
Published: March 2013

Background

The higher order processes involved in self‐regulation are generally thought to depend on cognitive (attentional/executive) functions with limited resources. Experimental studies further show that exerting self‐control in a first task results in decreased performance in other following self‐control tasks, which may be interpreted as the consequence of either effective or perceived resource depletion outlasting the first task. Given that higher order cognitive/attentional processes are also considered to be involved in pain modulatory mechanisms, we tested the idea that pain could be influenced by prior mobilization of cognitive resources.

Methods

The present study investigated the consequences of performing a cognitively demanding task on subsequent pain (ratings) and spinal nociceptive responses (nociceptive flexion reflex, NFR) elicited by noxious electrical stimulations in healthy volunteers. Participants received four noxious stimulations immediately after each of six successive blocks (2 min each) of a numerical Stroop task in a neutral condition (low cognitive demand) and six successive blocks in an interference condition (high cognitive demand).

Results

Results revealed that pain was rated higher following the condition requiring higher cognitive control. A similar effect was observed on the NFR.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that pain regulation mechanisms including the descending pain modulatory system may be less efficient after the performance of tasks requiring high cognitive control resulting in stronger pain experience.
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

Case Studies in Medical Physiology. Robert S. Alexander.

Contemporary Standards for the Pharmacotherapy of Mental Disorders. Jerome Levine, editor.

Future Trends in Therapeutics. F. Gilbert McMahon, editor.

Current Concepts in Migraine Research. Raymond Greene, editor.

2nd International Adalat® Symposium. New Therapy of Ischemic Heart Disease. W. Lochner, W. Braasch, and G. Krongeberg, editors.

Heart Function and Metabolism. Recent Advances in Studies on Cardiac Structure and Metabolism, Volume 11. T. Kobayashi, T. Sano, and N. S. Dhalla, editors.
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:

Immunodiagnosis of Cancer. Part I. Immunology Series, Vol. 9. R. B. Heberman and K. R. McIntire.

Vitamin K Metabolism and Vitamin K‐Dependent Proteins. J. W. Suttie

Intracranial Pressure. III. J. W. F. Beks, D. A. Bosch, and M. Brock

Drugs and the Elderly: Perspectives in Geriatric Clinical Pharmacology. J. Crooks and I. H. Stevenson

Microbiology 1977. D. Schlessinger, editor. Washington, D.C.

Toxicity of Heavy Metals in the Environment, Parts 1 and 2. (Hazardous and Toxic Substances Series, Vol. 2). F. W. Oehme
The Visual Analog Scale in Multiple‐Dose Evaluations of Analgesics
Authors: QUIDING HANS , OKSALA ERKKI , HAPPONEN RISTO‐PEKKA , LEHTIMÄKI KIMMO , OJALA TARMO
Published: March 2013

Abstract: A double‐blind, randomized trial was carried out in patients suffering from pain after removal of an impacted lower wisdom tooth. The analgesic effects of a codeine preparation (Staralgin), a dextropropoxyphene preparation (Doleron novum), and paracetamol were compared in a multiple‐dose study of 94 patients. The assessments of pain were made hourly on a visual analog scale, and the evaluation was carried out according to a method which takes into account both duration of effect and number of tablets taken. The most pronounced pain reduction and the highest proportion of pain‐free patients were reached with the dextropropoxyphene preparation. The reported side effects were few and equally distributed among the treatment groups. The method of evaluation is discussed, and it was noted that the pain score at tablet intake might be of significant importance in comparison of analgesics.
Captopril‐Induced Skin Eruptions
Authors: LUDERER JOHN R. , LOOKINGBILL DONALD P. , SCHNECK DENNIS W. , DEMERS LAWRENCE M. , COHEN CYNTHIA , HAYES ARTHUR H.
Published: March 2013

Abstract: Seven of 23 hypertensive patients treated with captopril (SQ 14,225), an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor, developed a pruritic, erythematous, macular, and papular eruption of the trunk, face, and proximal extremities. The eruption appeared one to 31 weeks after initiation of captopril therapy and was associated with diarrhea (three patients), fever (two patients), and generalized arthralgias (one patient). Six patients had an increased percentage of band cells (5 to 34 per cent) on peripheral smear without an associated leukocytosis. In one patient, the skin rash was associated with a peripheral eosinophilia (20 per cent), Coombs‐positive hemolytic anemia, and acute renal failure with eosinophiluria. There were no changes in BUN, creatinine, or urinalyses in the remaining patients. Four patients showed a transient rise in plasma PGE without concomitant changes in plasma PFG2α or 6‐keto PGF1α, and three patients had slight elevations in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Skin biopsies revealed a perivascular and perifollicular lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltrate with negative immunofluorescence to IgG, IgM, IgA, and β1C. The skin eruption and associated symptoms resolved in all patients, even though captopril administration was continued in six of the seven patients.