bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Experimental Performance of Round and Flat Tube Automobile Radiators for Various Coolants
Authors: KEKLİK Erkan , HOŞÖZ Murat
Published: November 2019

A
radiator test system was developed to test the heat transfer performance of automobile
radiators for various engine coolants. The system was made up from a
circulation pump, coolant reservoir, axial fan, electric heaters, PLC
controlled drivers and instruments for various mechanical measurements along
with the tested radiators. Two different radiators, namely round and flat tube
ones, and four different engine coolants, namely water, ethylene glycol, their
50/50 mixture and a commercial heat transfer oil, were tested. The experimental
heat dissipation rates of the radiators were evaluated under a broad range of
operating conditions. The air speed was changed between 2 and 4 m s-1,
the coolant flow rate was varied between 0.1 and 0.3 l s-1, and the
air temperature at the inlets of the radiators was changed between 25 and 35
°C, while the coolant temperature was fixed at 90 °C in all tests. The flat
tube radiator dissipated on average 4.8% more heat than the circular tube one
for water coolant, while it rejected on average 66.4% more heat than the
circular tube one for ethylene glycol. Furthermore, when the heat transfer oil
was used as coolant, the flat tube radiator dissipated on average 101.6% more
heat than the circular tube one.
LEXICO-SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF THE WORDS WITH THE MIDDLE DEGREE OF POLYSEMY DENOTING CONFLICT ACTIONS IN UKRAINIAN
Authors: Myhalets Oksana
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the present article is to conduct the all-round study of the verbs with middle degree of polysemy denoting conflict actions in modern Ukrainian, taking into account their both lexico-semantic and system-structural characteristics. With the help of linguistic methods of research and the formalized analysis of lexical semantics, both common and distinctive features of lexemes in comparative aspect as well as their position and role in the semantic space of modern Ukrainian have been determined.
Lexico-semantic study of the language units denoting conflict actions in modern Ukrainian made it possible to reveal them as a certain means of individual’s everyday activities and lives and to establish different ways of their expression both verbally and non-verbally. Conflict actions in Ukrainian are explained by 96 verbs with the middle degree of polysemy possessing 9–2 lexical meanings. The present article deals with the words in question with the middle degree of polysemy comprise 10 verbs characterized by 9–8 meanings.
In the process of our lexico-semantic analysis, we have found common (to argue; to quarrel; to protest against someone or something; to resist against something; to urge; to instigate someone against somebody; to make war; to conquer; to overcome smth.; to compete for something) and distinctive (to show dissatisfaction violently; to disagree; to rage; to object to do something; try to repress or to conceal some feelings, desires; to clash with smb. or smth; to worry, to embarrass, to torment) features of the language units in question.
Furthermore, their semantics expresses three stages of conflict actions: 1) the cause of conflict actions – to provoke; to incite; to bring someone against someone; to cause a hostile attitude to someone or something; to instigate; 2) the active stage of the process – to wrangle; to fight with, for or against someone/something; to struggle with, against smb. or smth.; to contend; 3) its result and consequences – to win in a dispute; to surpass smb.; to conquer the opponent; to force the enemy to retreat to a certain ambit, obstacles.
Malformación polínica y niveles de ploidía en Ranunculus grex parnassiifolius. Pollen malformation and ploidy levels in Ranunculus grex parnassiifolius
Authors: Cires Eduardo , Cuesta Candela , Fernández Casado María Ángeles , Fernández-Carvajal María del Carmen , Fernández Prieto José Antonio
Published: November 2019

Español.  Se presenta un estudio sobre la malformación polínica en Ranunculus grex parnassiifolius, un complejo poliploide cuya distribución va desde las montañas del noroeste de la Península Ibérica hasta la mayor parte de los macizos alpinos. El resultado más notable es la baja viabilidad de polen en las poblaciones tetraploides (85,27% de polen no viable) en comparación con las poblaciones diploides (17,72%); y se considera como una prueba de la existencia de procesos reproductivos parcialmente apomícticos.English.  Asurvey of pollen malformation in Ranunculus grex parnassiifolius, a polyploid complex distributed from the northwestern mountains of the Iberian Peninsula to the most alpine massifs, is presented. The most remarkable result is the low viability of pollen in tetraploid populations (85.27% of nonviable pollen) compared to diploid populations(17.72%); and is considered as a proof ofthe existence of partial reproductive apomictic processes.
Un artículo de 1880 sobre el ’Jarabe de Pinsapo’ elaborado en la farmacia del malagueño Pablo Prolongo García (1806-1885)
Authors: Garrido Manuel , Pérez-Rubín Juan
Published: November 2019

.
Juncus maroccanus Kirschner, a new record to the european flora
Authors: Rudner Michael , Deil Ulrich
Published: November 2019

Juncus maroccanus Kirschner, novedad para la Flora Europaea Palabras clave. Juncaceae, Península Ibérica, España, Estrecho de Gibraltar,  dunas. Keywords. Juncaceae, Iberian Peninsula, Spain, Straits of Gibraltar, dunes.
RNA-Seq Study of Hepatic Response of Yellow-Feather Chickens to Acute Heat Stress
Authors: Zhang Quan , Luo Yi Kang , Zhang Bo Hai , Chan Yan Zi , Huang Lin Lin , Wang Yin , Liang Jia Ming , Zhang Xi Quan
Published: November 2019

The yellow-feather broiler is a popular poultry breed in Asia, particularly in China. In this study, we performed RNA-seq analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (deGs) in the liver of yellow-feather broilers that had been subjected to acute heat stress treatment (38±1°C for 4 h, recovery 2 h) and determine the response of the liver to high temperature and its effects on yellow-feather broiler physiology. We found that the cloacal temperature and respiratory rate of yellow-feather chickens were significantly increased immediately after the initiation of acute heat stress (38°c) treatment. And after recovery for 2 h, there was no difference in the cloacal temperature and respiratory rate between the acute heat stress and control groups. A total of 834 DEGs were observed in response to heat stress by RNA-seq. Almost half of the DEGs were involved in the lipid and energy metabolism, including fatty acid metabolism (ACOX1, ACACA, ACSL1, ACSL6, ACAA1, ACAA2, HADHB, and FASN) and propanoate metabolism (ACSS2, ALDH2, ACACA, DLAT, ALDH7A1, MDH1, ME1, ABAT, SUCLG2, and ACSS3). Our findings provide the context for RNA-seq studies in the liver of yellow-feather chickens and suggest that the liver of yellow-feather broilers has the lipid and energy metabolism physiological mechanisms activated in response to heat stress.
Effects of Microalgae Species on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Pattern and Methane Production
Authors: Sucu Ekin
Published: November 2019

This experiment was conducted to establish the effects of two types of microalgae [Chlorella vulgaris (AI), C. variabilis (AII) and their combination (AI+AII)] with two substrates (wheat and corn silages) on rumen fermentation, gas and methane production. To each substrate, one of 3 algae treatment was supplemented at 0% and 25% of the total incubated dry matter. A series of 5 measurement points (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h) were completed and the gas production was monitored. The proximate and mineral composition of microalgae and substrates were examined. At 48 h incubation rumen fermentation variables and CH4 production were also assessed. When compared with wheat silage, corn silage caused an increase in gas production (P<0.05). Ruminal gas production decreased in the algae groups when compared to the controls (0% algae, wheat and corn silages, P<0.05). Among algae, C. vulgaris had the strongest effect, decreasing gas production by 34%. Among algae, the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and CH4 production were found to be lower in C. variabilis (P<0.001). Ammonia-N increased with the algae inclusion (P<0.05). But, the ruminal gas production, pH, acetate, the total VFA, CH4 and rumen fermentation efficiency were not affected by the substrate and algae interaction (P>0.05). The propionate was the highest (P<0.05) for corn silage when incubated with C. vulgaris. Ruminal butyrate was the lowest for the wheat silage when incubated with the mixture of algae (P<0.05). The NH3-N was the highest in corn silage when incubated with all algae types (P<0.05). Careful selection and combination of substrate and algae may positively manipulate rumen fermentation and may inhibit CH4 production. Further research is needed to validate these results in vivo.
Myosin Heavy Chain Composition, Rate of Dystrophin and Integrin Degradation and Meat Quality of Pig Longissimus thoracis and psoas major Muscles During Postmortem Aging
Authors: Wojtysiak Dorota
Published: November 2019

This study evaluated myosin heavy chain composition and the effect of aging time (45 min, 24 h, 96 h and 168 h) on meat quality parameters and dystrophin and integrin degradation pattern in longissimus thoracis and psoas major muscles of 24 Polish Landrace fatteners slaughtered at 100 kg body weight. It was found that m. longissimus thoracis had a greater percentage of MyHC-IIB (P≤0.05) and a significantly lower percentage of type I and IIA/IIX (P≤0.05) compared with the m. psoas major. Moreover, psoas major muscle had significantly higher (P≤0.05) pH45, pH24 and lower drip loss values for 45 min to 24 h, 45 min to 96 h and 45 min to 168 h than m. longissimus thoracis. Muscle type also had a significant effect on the rate of dystrophin and integrin degradation postmortem, which were significantly (P≤0.05) more rapidly degraded in the m. longissimus thoracis compared to the m. psoas major. It is concluded from the obtained results that the muscles with a greater percentage of MyHC-IIB show lower pH values, which translates into more rapid rate of integrin and dystrophin degradation. Ultimately, this may contribute to higher drip loss values during refrigerated storage.
Quality of Meat from Female Fallow Deer (Dama Dama) and Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus) Hunted in Serbia
Authors: Ivanović Snežana , Pisinov Boris , Pavlović Marija , Pavlović Ivan
Published: November 2019

Deer meat is a high quality and valuable food for human consumption. It has high nutritive value because of its high protein and heme iron content, and low levels of fats and saturated fatty acids. The aim of this study was to examine the quality parameters of meat from fallow deer and roe deer that were hunted in Serbia. Parameters studied were live weight, carcass weight, chemical composition of meat, color, fatty acid content of meat, volatile compounds, and sensory characteristics. The results obtained show no significant difference in the chemical composition of these two species of deer meat, but there were differences regarding fatty acid content, volatile compounds, color and sensory properties of meat. The ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in the deer meat ranged from 0.387 to 0.556. The results suggest that deer species has a significant impact on the fatty acid profile and content of volatile compounds of deer meat.
The method of cycle-slip detection and repair GNSS meaturements by using receiver with high stability frequency oscillator
Authors: Kosarev Nikolai S. , Antonovich Konstantin M. , Lipatnikov Leonid A.
Published: November 2019

A method of phase GNSS measurement control is described. The method is based on comparison of geometric range increments which are calculated using measurement data and approximate receiver coordinates and satellite navigation message position taking into account troposphere and ionosphere correction increments. Applicability of moving average for phase GNSS measurement control to detect the cycle slips and outliers is demonstrated. Test results of cycle slip detecting in phase measurements made by the receiver with high stability frequency oscillator are provided.
Multiple-linear regression to best-estimate of gravity parameters related to simple geometrical shaped structures
Authors: Tlas Mohammed , Asfahani Jamal
Published: November 2019

A new interpretative approach is proposed to best-estimate of gravity parameters related to simple geometrical shaped structures such as a semi-infinite vertical cylinder, an infinite horizontal cylinder, and a sphere like structures. The proposed technique is based on the multiple-linear regression oriented towards estimating the model parameters, e.g., the depth from the surface to the center of the buried structure (sphere or infinite horizontal cylinder) or the depth from the surface to the top of the buried object (semi-infinite vertical cylinder), the amplitude coefficient, and the horizontal location from residual gravity anomaly profile. The validity of the proposed approach is firstly demonstrated through testing different synthetic data set corrupted and contaminated by a white Gaussian random noise level. The theoretical synthetic obtained results obviously show that the estimated parameters values, derived by the proposed technique are close to the assumed true parameters values. This approach is applied on five real field residual gravity anomalies taken from Cuba, Sweden, Iran, USA, and Germany, where the efficacy of this new approach is consequently proven. A comparable and acceptable agreement is noticed between the results derived by this proposed approach and those obtained from the real field data information.
Update of the erosive rain factor in Slovakia using data from the period 1961–2009
Authors: Onderka Milan , Pecho Jozef
Published: November 2019

An update of the rainfall erosivity factor (R-factor) estimated for 95 locations throughout the entire territory of Slovakia is presented in this paper. We analyzed rainfall time series with 1-minute resolution provided by the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute. The data cover the period 1961–2009. The rain gauges are located at altitudes ranging from 97 m a.s.l. up to 1322 m a.s.l. and cover the broadest possible range of geographic regions and climatic conditions in Slovakia with reliable rainfall measurements. First, rainfall episodes were isolated by applying the fundamental rule that two subsequent rains are separated by at least six hours of no rainfall. A total of 116,710 rainfall events were identified and analyzed. A rainfall event was classified as erosive if the two following criteria were satisfied: the maximum 15-minute intensity 6.25 mm (i.e. 25 mm hr−1, as originally used in the U.S.L.E. model, and/or rainfall depth was greater than 12.5 mm. The presented estimates of R-factor are based on 18,467 identified erosive rainfall events. Furthermore, the minimum length of rainfall record necessary for reliable estimates of R-factor has been estimated by spectral analysis. The Lomb-Scargle periodogram identified periodic behavior of the total kinetic rainfall energy and rainfall 15-minute intensities. We suggest that these periodicities are attributable mainly to the 11-year Sun spot cycle, the 18.6-year Luni-Solar cycle, and their higher harmonics. The spectral analysis also revealed that in order to capture the temporal variability the minimum length of time-series in calculating R-factors is 14–15 years. We estimate that the long-term mean annual R-factor in Slovakia ranges from 34.8 MJ ha−1 cm hr−1 (at Gabčíkovo station) to 138 MJ ha−1 cm hr−1 (at Tatranská Javorina station). The median value of the mean annual R-factors for the whole country is 71.13 MJ ha−1 cm hr−1. To our best knowledge, the erosive rain factor has not been updated in Slovakia since the earlier work of Mišík in 1990. This paper is thus an update of the R-factors in Slovakia.
Components of an innovative electro-control system for undeground mining – analysis
Authors: Szurgacz Dawid
Published: November 2019

In the era of Industry 4.0, coal companies began to reach for new innovative technologies that increase work safety and their possible use affects the economic improvement of companies. One of them is to equip a powered roof support section with an electrohydraulic control system with a monitoring system that tracks operating parameters. The development of a monitoring system for a powered roof support is a key investment in new longwall complexes. It allows rapid diagnostics of status of the support. Currently used system designed to control the powered roof support are based on blocks of manually controlled distributors. The pilot control is currently the leading control that properly functions in all conditions, allowing to adapt to the requirements resulting from the construction of the section. A number of tests and analyses must be conducted prior to introducing the new control based on an innovative approach into operation. The basic research has focused on identifying the user interface that will potentially be the solution for the entire system. The user has defined how the driver should look like and how it will be operated and maintained. The results of the first series of tests on the elements of an innovative electronic control system of the powered roof support enabled to develop a prototype version. The assumptions for the system were verified during the conducted development studies. The article presents preliminary results of development research for devices included in the innovative control system of the powered roof support.
Methods of enlarging material to the concentration table
Authors: Feliks Jacek , Krawczyk Magdalena
Published: November 2019

Concentration tables are one of the oldest oscillatory enrichments with over 100 years of tradition. On this type of distribution tables are made according to material mass in many recurring cycles induced by appropriate drives. So-called wet tables are the devices most often used for coal enrichment in Polish mines because this process generates very high costs, high water consumption and pollution of the environment, as well as the need for, among others, water and mud management is increasingly being replaced mainly in areas poor in water by the modern model of the air concentration table – FGX produced in China. The process of enrichment on this type of table itself runs in a manner comparable to the method of wet enrichment with the difference that the FGX is distributed on a perforated plate, in this case we deal with air pollution. Department of Machinery Engineering and Transport's attempts to use the differences in coefficients of friction in over-resonance screens have shown that it is possible effective separation of grains with different coefficients of friction. The article presents a theoretical analysis and presents the results of performed dry enrichment trials using different coefficients of friction. The summary presents the advantages of using the enrichment method using the differences in friction coefficients and test results.
Modified ground support with alternative fill material for ground control at munsar underground manganese mine of moil limited, India
Authors: Manekar Ganesh , Shome Dipankar , Chaudhari Mukund
Published: November 2019

MOIL Limited is operating 7 underground and 3 opencast mines in central India and producing annually more than 1.3 million tonnes of various grades of manganese ore. The underground mines are operating at shallow – 90 m at Munsar mine to moderate – 353 m at Balaghat mine below the surface with horizontal cut and fill (HCF) or its variant method of stoping with post filling by hydraulic sand stowing. The Munsar mine is being worked underground since 1903. The opencast mining is presently stopped. The ore body below the opencast quarry is geological continuity of the area excavated in past by opencast method of mining. The underground mining is done through the adit in three levels i.e. 270’L, 220’L, 170’L and by incline in western part of the property at 70’L. The horizontal drift development has been developed in the manganese ore body with sill drive of 5 m above the sill pillar in lower level at 70’L and barrier pillar of 5 m thickness is left for protection of upper level at 170’L. Valuable mineral has been locked in sill pillar and therefore rock mechanics investigations have been carried out. On the basis of study now the drift development has been carried out in footwall rock at 70’L, (-) 30’L and below levels and it has improved the minable manganese ore by about 20%. In this modified HCF stope design, an alternative fill material in place of sand, which has been developed in house by use of overburden (OB) material after treatment, has been used for hydraulic stowing. The experimental trials find out that the alternative fill material of OB is more compact and forms a non-expansion floor for the men and machines in the stope. This will certainly help in the introduction of mobile underground mining equipment for drilling in the stopes and mechanical mucking, transportation and loading of the ROM. The paper presents rock mechanics investigations and future use of alternative fill material of overburden material after heat treatment for better safety and productivity at Munsar Mine of MOIL.
Functional structure of battery drive for self-propelled mining rig used in room-pillar ore exploitation system
Authors: Szurlej Tomasz , Ostapów Lesław , Mendyka Paweł
Published: November 2019

The article presents the structure of the battery drive of a self-propelled mining vehicle on the example of a drilling rig, used in the room-pillar system of copper ore exploitation. Such solutions, due to the ore mining in increasingly difficult operating conditions, are becoming more and more popular in the world. The main assumptions required for the synthesis of this type of drive were indicated, as well as the adopted structure of such a solution was described. The selection of the appropriate drive structure determines the final work characteristics of the self-propelled mining vehicle, and thus the actual suitability of such a machine for use in mining conditions. The paper also details the main technological advantages of this type of drive over classic internal combustion drives.
Simulation of the frequency response of the ERC 1400 Bucket Wheel Excavator boom, during the excavation process
Authors: Popescu Florin Dumitru , Radu Sorin Mihai , Andraș Andrei , Kertesz Brînaș Ildiko
Published: November 2019

The paper deals with the modal analysis and frequency response analysis of a bucket wheel excavator (BWE) boom, obtained by simulation, based on a virtual model of an existing BWE boom. The boom, which generally is realized as a spatial truss, is the most vulnerable subsystem of the BWE, being submitted to severe operational loads characterized by very pronounced cyclical, dynamic and stochastic variability. This vulnerability is the consequence of its shape and constructive parameters and the nature, source and character of the external exciting loads to which it is exposed. The classical approach recommended by standards and norms cannot predict the occurrence of failures caused by vibration, which produces fatigue due to the load’s cyclical variability and the deformation produced by resonant vibration of some constitutive elements. As exciting load we considered the operational forces acting on the bucket wheel. In this manner we can take into account the constructive features – with modal analysis, and the vibration regime – with frequency response analysis. The proposed method is useful both in the design phase of new load-bearing structures of truss type subjected to high-variability forces, and also in refurbishment or improvement phases of the existing structures of this kind.
The use of flat steel-polymer supporting ropes in mining multi-pole hoisting devices
Authors: Stawowiak Michał , Żołnierz Marcel , Rożenek Zenon
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the development of a series of flat steel and polymer bearing ropes using a polyurethane polymeric material (the name of NPSP – flat steel-polyurethane). These ropes are intended for mining extraction devices with friction drive (multi-mill drive wheel, multi-rope drums with a number of ropes from 3 to 12 pieces). The authors of this article have presented a comparison of the drive power of a selected multi-mine mine hoist device with a classic steel round rope with the same extractor in which steel and polymer flat carrying ropes were used. The article also presents the development of mining construction of hoisting equipment, which includes the use of new rope ropes. Very positive results from exploitation in Polish mining of flat steel-rubber balance ropes (durability up to 12 years) can be the basis for the use of such ropes as supporting ropes. Flat steel-polymer supporting ropes, in which the matrix can be rubber or polyurethane or other plastic material, could contribute to increasing the durability of load-bearing ropes due to anti-corrosion protection as well as to reduce the dimensions of drive wheels and rope hoisting machines, and thus to lower the power of the winding machine (as a result of reducing the moments of inertia of the propeller, propulsion and rope). It is also worth mentioning that the NPSP carrying ropes can work directly on steel coatings of propeller drums with proper positioning, created by clamping elements (wood, plastic or aluminum blocks).
Fem stress analysis of a barrel reamer
Authors: Baksa Attila , Ladányi Gábor , Szirbik Sándor , Virág Zoltán
Published: November 2019

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a method of installing underground pipelines, cables and service conduit through trenchless methods. The tools and techniques used in the HDD process are an outgrowth of the oil well drilling industry, too. Installation of a pipeline by HDD is a three stages process. The first stage consists of directionally drilling a small diameter pilot hole along a designed directional path. Drilling fluid is pumped through the drill pipe to the drill bit where high pressure jets and the bit will grind the soils ahead of the drill stem. The second stage involves enlarging this pilot hole to a diameter suitable for installation of the pipeline. A reamer is pulled back and rotated while pumping drilling fluid to cut and remove solids to enlarge the hole. A kind of reamer is the subject of this paper. The final stage consists of pulling the pipeline back into the pre-reamed hole. The most important part of the mechanical analysis is to define the boundary conditions for operating situations when the tool is under maximum load. In this paper we present a helpful description for giving boundary conditions to perform the numerical simulation of a barrel reamer.
Modified calculation model for loads of bearing systems for tricone roller bits
Authors: Kipczak Piotr , Władzielczyk Krzysztof , Dudek Rafał
Published: November 2019

The article presents a modified calculation model of loads of cone bearing systems in tricone roller bits. The presented model includes the actual nature of the loads of a tricone roller bit and the effect of these loads on the construction of individual elements of the cone bearing systems. The presented calculation model was created in order to develop a computer program that allows the calculation and verification of structural parameters of cone bearing systems even at the stage of their initial design. It will allow an optimal selection of these parameters to geological properties of drilled rocks.
The use of simulation modeling in the design of elements of annular preventers
Authors: Dzhus Andriy , Romanyshyn Liubomyr , Mykhailiuk Vasyl , Mosora Yurii
Published: November 2019

One of the main elements of control over wells in the process of their construction is the blowout equipment, which includes annular preventers. This also applies to wells that provide degassing of coal veins to reduce their gas dynamic activity. Modern technology of work requires expansion of the functionality of the sealing unit of the annular preventers with the simultaneous provision of its operational characteristics. Determining the necessary durability of seals for different operating modes is the study of their stress-strain state. The paper deals with the possibility of using simulation modeling in the annular preventers design situations and within the study of the armature geometry influence of the sealant fittings on its stress-strain state. The method of determining the material constants to realize the Mooney-Rivlin model has been proposed. The behavior of low-density rubber in software product has been described by the finite element method. The aggregation error of experimental and theoretical studies is 5%. Therefore, the preconditions and the possibility of using simulation modeling in the design of annular preventers devices with increased operational characteristics have been created and confirmed.
Modeling the movement of broadcast on the concentration table
Authors: Feliks Jacek , Krawczyk Magdalena
Published: November 2019

The article attempts to analyze the work of the concentration table, on which the distribution of the material under investigation takes place. The efficiency of separation or otherwise enrichment depends on the drive that puts the concentration table plate into an asymmetrical reciprocating movement. The most frequently used solutions are concentration tables, on which the distribution of enriched material takes place in an aqueous medium commonly called wet enrichment. The AGH University of Science and Technology conducted simulation tests of material enrichment on a concentration table using the differences in friction coefficient commonly referred to as dry enrichment, i.e. without an additional medium. The article presents the effects of simulations that have been carried out for reference materials characterized by different friction coefficients and densities. The summary presents the analysis of obtained effects of computer simulations of material movement with different coefficients of friction. The simulations were carried out for variables: the frequency of vibrations of the concentration table and the angle of inclination of the table of the concentration table. It has been shown that it is possible to enrich the material by changing the above-mentioned operating parameters of the device.
Application of friction braking devices in drum shaft hoists
Authors: Rokita Tomasz
Published: November 2019

This article presents the problem of emergency braking in mining shaft hoists equipped with drum. The industrial applications of friction devices and mobile fender beams concerned only friction shaft hoists. For drum devices, it is necessary to use braking devices both in the shaft tower and its sump. The impact of such a solution on the construction of braking devices and on the braking process itself is the subject of the paper.
Systems of grained materials automated sampling from belt conveyors
Authors: Sidor Jan , Nawrocki Marcin
Published: November 2019

The collection of representative samples of grained materials is necessary to determine the quality parameters of this material. This operation is carried out in difficult conditions (dustiness, noise, atmospheric precipitation), which is a nuisance to the staff taking samples and adversely affects accuracy. In addition, the quality of representative samples is affected by the care of personnel. Therefore, to ensure a higher quality of sampling operations and to eliminate the work of people in difficult conditions, systems have been developed for the automatic collection of representative samples from conveyor belts. The work gives examples of automatic sampling systems equipped with samplers and other auxiliary devices. The work contains descriptions of construction, classifications, an example of selection and examples of construction solutions for automatic sampling of grained materials.
Research on the coefficient of friction of becorit K22 and K25SB linings
Authors: Stawowiak Michał , Żołnierz Marcel , Rożenek Zenon
Published: November 2019

The article presents the method and results of experimental tests of the coefficient of friction between a steel rope and friction lining. The BECORIT K22 and BECORIT K25SB floor coverings were tested. The tests were carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the new German standard: DIN 21258 – Lubricants and impregnating agents for drive discs and transport ropes in mining – safety and testing requirements. The authors in this article emphasize that the Becorit K22 and K25SB linings are used for the wheels of propeller drums of mining machines. Characterized by high coefficients of friction (μ ≥ 0.25), also in cases of extreme weather conditions on the surface. The chemical properties of BECORIT linings ensure their resistance to swelling in the event of different oils and lubricants as well as mine waters. The material of which the claddings are made ensures very good machinability during rolling of rope grooves with the use of turning or milling tools. BECORIT K22 plastic cladding is particularly suitable for use in hoisting machines, where the rope base forms a large overlap angle on the wheel grooves (max 1°31'), which causes its lateral wear faster. BECORIT K22 material in this case provides a higher service life compared to other materials. Due to the way they are mounted on the wheel, they are made as 1-piece (monolith) or bipartite. In this article, moreover, the structure and principle of operation of the measuring station on which the tests were carried out are presented in great detail.
The effect of temperature on the mechanical properties and workability of rock salt
Authors: Małkowski Piotr , Bednarek Łukasz , Kotwica Krzysztof , Stopka Grzegorz
Published: November 2019

Underground salt mining accounts for about 16 percent of the total salt production worldwide. When excavating salt rock, the cutters of the road header come into contact with the rock. This produces friction and, consequently, a rise in temperature. Generally, as temperature increases, salt gradually loses its plasticity. The extent of these alterations depends on the presence of other minerals in the rock. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests on regularly shaped samples of salt. An analysis was performed of the results of compressive, tensile and induced-shear strength, and of Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, cuttability index and side chipping angle. The testing was conducted on samples with a temperature of about 20°C and samples heated to 50°C and 80°C. The tests showed that as temperature increased, so did compressive and tensile strength, and longitudinal and transverse strain of salt. The temperature increase caused, however, a decrease in shear strength. The cuttability index and the side chipping angle also decreased when the heated samples were being cut. The percentage changes in the parameters within the 60-degree temperature range were as high as several dozen percent.
Effective utilization of man shift through sustainable workload testing for underground mining machine operators. An ergonomic based man-machine interface approach
Authors: Dey Netai Chandra , Dey Shibaji
Published: November 2019

Insight of man-machine interfaces during mining machine operations, better co-ordinance with human efficiencies and suitable workload selection in underground mining machine operation are the main viewpoints of the study. Total 12 side discharge loader (SDL) and load haul dumper (LHD) operators [N = 12] have been taken as participants of the study. The methodology is divided into two parts first part is devoted to measuring and analyzing workload response of machine operation with polar heart rate monitor. Machine operator’s heart rate ratio (HR ratio) for the whole shift is recorded and metabolic rate (MR) has been analyzed. Additionally, fatigue sustainability (FS) and degradation of muscle force (MF) are recorded for each work cycles up to exposure time period (ETP) of 360 minutes. In the second part of the methodology, based on the HR ratio recorded during the mining operation, a workload simulation study is undertaken on a treadmill at the surface following BRUCE protocol. At treadmill, based on HR ratio, workload achieved from mines along with three different workloads i.e. low, moderate and high has been tested. Differences in FS and degradation rate of MF after each workload experiment have been recorded. A result from the underground operational study shows that there is about 43.2% and 32.4% of decreasing MF for SDL and LHD operators after end of spells at mines. Additionally, a negative correlation (r = −0.99) is found between ETP and MF. The workload simulation study shows that there are significant differences between FS (p < 0.05) and MF (p < 0.05) data of mining and treadmill experiment with the same workload. In comparison to an underground operation, FS rate of low, moderate and high workload is recorded 60%, 35%, and 15% higher respectively than of mine workload. Higher FS rate may achieve due to availability of good environment. Among the tested workload only low kind of workload is found suitable for mining machinery job as degradation of MF is found significantly (p < 0.05) low and FS is found significantly (p < 0.01) high in this kind of workload. Therefore, it can be concluded that in mining machinery operation better to adopt low workload for effective utilization of man shift (EUMS) as it gives comparatively low MF degradation and better FS during continuous work.
The strength problems in the operation of drum hoist cages
Authors: Wolny Stanisław , Matachowski Filip , Drzewosz Agata
Published: November 2019

From information obtained from periodic surveys of cages used in the shaft of one of the Polish mines, it appears that the majority of registered damages of their supporting elements are fatigue cracks. These cracks are formed and develop mainly in main nodes or welds in the areas of their connection with the construction of the cage. In order to eliminate the causes of these damages and to increase the durability of cages, it will probably be necessary to reconstruct those fragments of the cages in which they occur. In order to determine loadings of load-bearing elements and the state of stress that arises in them during the operation of the device, a numerical model of the cage was developed. The results of the calculations made as well as their analysis form the basis for the assessment of the strength and durability of the load-bearing elements of the discussed cage. The key problem determining the durability of the structure – as shown by the analyzes carried out – is the method of constructing the connection of the strings with the appropriate elements of the cage. Changing this state requires significant structural changes of these nodes, which the authors of this study pointed out.
X-Ray CT inspection of subsurface areas of concretes exposed to fast flowing liquids
Authors: Sitek Libor , Hlaváček Petr , Souček Kamil , Bodnárová Lenka , Foldyna Josef , Zajícová Vendula , Berčáková Andrea , Foldyna Vladimír
Published: November 2019

Concrete structures affected for a long time by flowing liquids are exposed to gradual erosion in surface layers caused by a combination of several degradation processes: abrasion, cavitation and chemical or bacterial impacts. Due to the complex phenomena and difficult-to-define initial and boundary conditions, the whole process cannot be easily simulated using the conventional computing tools. Laboratory experimental research is thus the most appropriate approach for the investigation of a suitable composition of concrete resistant to the flowing liquids. However, the methods used are often very time consuming and last even several years. High-speed water flows can be elegantly used for the acceleration of the mechanical simulation of a real situation. Several experiments on the effects of the high-speed water flows on concrete surfaces have been carried out. Using the X-Ray CT methods, subsurface structures of concretes exposed to the accelerated mechanical simulation of the erosion wear caused by fast flowing liquids were investigated and presented in the article. It has been shown that the simulation does not cause initiation of new fractures or cracks in the original concrete structure. The pure water flow mainly removes the hardened cement paste and reveals the aggregate grains. The water flow with abrasive particles disintegrates in greater depths and washes out entire aggregate grains, eventually amputates them and finally smoothens entire surface.
The application of the integrated production assets management system in the Polish Mining Group Inc.
Authors: Doległo Leszek , Zdziebko Jan
Published: November 2019

The management of the production assets in the Polish Mining Group Inc. is geared towards achieving strategic aims through the unification of the obtained machines/devices, their practical use while maintaining them in the proper technical condition, adhering to proper maintenance-renovation procedures, reserves optimization as well as final recycling with no re-use in the production cycle. The following paper presents the functioning of the IT support in the production assets management, geared towards the integration with other areas of technical and economic activities of the Group. The modular structure of the integrated IT system makes it possible to gradually implement the successive solutions functioning within the Group as well as in the surrounding local areas, ensuring the suitability to the current needs of the organization and the system users.
Revitalization and preservation of biodiversity. Focus on water bodies in the Cracow region
Authors: Wagner Aleksandra , Gholami Ahmad , Maletz Katharina , Talmo Ina K.
Published: November 2019

The studies included 2 water bodies in Cracow (Kraków), 6 water bodies in the commune of Zabierzów (Cracow County) and 4 in the commune of Niepołomice (Wieliczka County). The studies were carried out in June 2018 and May 2019. The ways on management of the water bodies were compared. Problems related to revitalization were identified. One of these problems is the preservation of biodiversity. In some cases revitalization reduces biodiversity. This can happen due to the liquidation or limitation of the reed bed zone. Such a situation was observed in the water bodied of Zelków and Karniowice (com. Zabierzów). Both have ornamental functions now. Removal of most of reed does not disturb mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), but makes it impossible to nest for other birds such as moorhen (Galinula chloropus). Moorhens were observed in two former fish ponds in Staniątki (com. Niepołomice) and in the pond of the Kaczeńcowa street. In one of them revitalization caused the diminishing of the water area, but did not change the character of the water body. Bird species were recorded at water bodies.
Application of neural networks to the prediction of gas pollution of air
Authors: Pawul Małgorzata
Published: November 2019

The issue of projecting the air pollution levels is quite essential from the viewpoint of the necessity to adopt specific prevention measures intended to reduce the pollution concentration in the air. One can apply certain machine learning methods, including neural networks, to build pollution concentration models. Neural networks are characterised by the fact that they can be used to solve the relevant problem when we face shortage of data, or we do not know the analytical relationship between input and output data. Consequently, neural networks can be applied in a number of problems. This paper discusses a possibility to apply neural networks to the prediction of selected gas concentrations in the air, based on the data originating from the measurement networks of the Polish State Environmental Monitoring System, combined with local meteorological data. Forecast results have been presented here for SO2, NO, NO2, and O3 in various locations. The author also discusses the accuracy of the respective forecasts and indicates the relevant contributing factors.
Numerical investigation of the drag force reduction for homogeneous column of vehicles
Authors: Hamiga Władysław , Ciesielka Wojciech
Published: November 2019

This paper presents simulation studies on the aerodynamics of vehicles moving in an organized column. The object of research is a column that consist of three vehicles of the same type (homogeneous column). In this research geometry of Ford Transit was used. As a part of the studies, the air drag forces acting on individual vehicles were calculated. The results are presented in dimensionless drag coefficient. The influence of the distance between cars on the generated force was also determined. In the first stage of the work, a numerical model was developed based on the Ahmed body reference structure. The calculations were carried out for 9 different velocities. The obtained results of the drag coefficient were compared with the work of other authors. The applied turbulence model and parameters of the boundary layer were used to create a numerical model of a moving column of vehicles. Mesh independence for numerical model of van was verified. The Finite Volume Method was implemented in the ANSYS Fluent program and used for the calculations. The use of supercomputers was necessary due to the large size of the grid.
Wound image segmentation using clustering based algorithms
Authors: Farmaha Ihor , Banaś Marian , Savchyn Vasyl , Lukashchuk Bohdan , Farmaha Taras
Published: November 2019

Classic methods of measurement and analysis of the wounds on the images are very time consuming and inaccurate. Automation of this process will improve measurement accuracy and speed up the process. Research is aimed to create an algorithm based on machine learning for automated segmentation based on clustering algorithms Methods. Algorithms used: SLIC (Simple Linear Iterative Clustering), Deep Embedded Clustering (that is based on artificial neural networks and k-means). Because of insufficient amount of labeled data, classification with artificial neural networks can't reach good results. Clustering, on the other hand is an unsupervised learning technique and doesn't need human interaction. Combination of traditional clustering methods for image segmentation with artificial neural networks leads to combination of advantages of both of them. Preliminary step to adapt Deep Embedded Clustering to work with bio-medical images is introduced and is based on SLIC algorithm for image segmentation. Segmentation with this method, after model training, leads to better results than with traditional SLIC.
ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN PT GRIYA AGUNG SUMEKAR DALAM MENGHADAPI PERSAINGAN DI KABUPATEN SUMENEP
Authors: Anwar Syaiful , Arifin Miftahol
Published: November 2019

Pemasaran adalah serangkaian proses untukmenyampaikaninformasi  kepadakonsumen. strategi pemasaran ada hal-hal yang harus di perhatikan oleh pengembang dalam menggunakan strategi pemasaran yang sesuai yaitu dalam melihat kemampuan perusahaan yaitu dengan analisis SWOT pada PT GRIYA AGUNG SUMEKAR, dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi pemasarannya yang telah diterapkan serta solusi alternative dari peneliti untuk perusahaan PT GRIYA AGUNG SUMEKAR sehingga strategi pemasarannyadipakai untuk mencapai tujuan

Penelitian ini menggunakanpendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yaitu tehnik pengumpulan datanya memakai wawancara, observasi, dan selanjutnya data-data tersebut akan dianalisis memakai analisis SWOT.

penelitian ini terdapat strategi yang digunakan oleh PT GRIYA AGUNG SUMEKAR yaitu melalui strategi harga, kualitas, personal seling, dan sales promosi. Begitupun dengan analisis SWOT dimana strategi-strategi yang digunakan untuk pemasaran PT GRIYA AGUNG SUMEKAR berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian PT GRIYA AGUNG SUMEKAR mampu bersaing.