bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trichostatin A promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell migration and EMT through BRD4/ERK1/2‐dependent pathway
Authors: Liu Danhui , Liu Yuzhen , Qi Bo , Gu Chengwei , Huo Shuhua , Zhao Baosheng
Published: June 2021

Background

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been demonstrated to be aberrantly activated in tumorigenesis and cancer development. Thus, HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) are considered to be promising anti‐cancer therapeutics. However, recent studies have shown that HDACIs promote the migration of many cancer cells. Therefore, there is a need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of HDACIs on cancer cell migration to establish a combination therapy that overcomes HDACI‐induced cell migration.

Methods

KYSE‐150 and EC9706 cells were treated differently. Effects of drugs and siRNA treatment on tumor cell migration and cell signaling pathways were investigated by transwell migration assy. Gene expression for SNAI2 was tested by RT‐qPCR. Western blot analysis was employed to detect the level of E‐cadherin, β‐catenin, vimentin,Slug，ERK1/2, H3, PAI‐1 and BRD4. The effect of drugs on cell morphology was evaluated through phase‐contrast microscopic images.

Results

TSA promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ESCC cells by downregulating the epithelial marker E‐cadherin and upregulating mesenchymal markers β‐catenin, vimentin, Slug, and PAI‐1. Knockdown of Slug by siRNA or inhibition of PAI‐1 clearly suppressed TSA‐induced ESCC cell migration and resulted in the reversal of TSA‐triggered E‐cadherin, β‐catenin, and vimentin expression. However, no crosstalk between Slug and PAI‐1 was observed in TSA‐treated ESCC cells. Blocking ERK1/2 activation also inhibited TSA‐induced ESCC cell migration, EMT, and upregulation of Slug and PAI‐1 levels in ESCC cells. Interestingly, inhibition of BRD4 suppressed TSA‐induced ESCC cell migration and attenuated TSA‐induced ERK1/2 activation and upregulation of Slug and PAI‐1 levels.

Conclusions

Our data indicate the existence of at least two separable ERK1/2‐dependent signaling pathways in TSA‐mediated ESCC cell migration: an ERK1/2–Slug branch and an ERK1/2‐PAI‐1 branch. Both branches of TSA‐induced ESCC cell migration appear to favor the EMT process, while BRD4 is responsible for two separable ERK1/2‐dependent signaling pathways in TSA‐mediated ESCC cell migration.
A partial articular‐sided supraspinatus tear caused by the biceps tendon: A novel etiology of internal impingement
Authors: Rosinski Alexander , Chen James L. , McGahan Patrick J.
Published: June 2021

Impingement of the LHB can directly lead to articular‐sided supraspinatus tears. When pain persists despite arthroscopic debridement, we recommend taking the arm out of traction intraoperatively and placing it in the 90‐90 position.
Multilevel “fish‐vertebra” sign in a patient with idiopathic osteoporosis
Authors: Vasiliadis Angelo V. , Valanos Ioannis , Valanos Nikolaos , Mpeletsiotis Anastasios
Published: June 2021

“Fish‐vertebra” is an uncommon deformity of vertebral body shape, consisting of central depression of the superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral bodies. It is characteristic in idiopathic osteoporosis and can help in the differential diagnosis of other conditions, such as osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, sickle cell disease, Paget disease, and multiple myeloma.
Gardner syndrome with odontogenic sinusitis: A case report
Authors: Saito Kosuke , Sekine Motoki , Goto Fumiyuki , Yamamoto Hikaru , Kaneda Shoji , Sakai Akihiro , Iijima Hiroaki , Yamauchi Mayu , Yamazaki Aritomo , Okami Kenji
Published: June 2021

Gardner syndrome with odontogenic sinusitis is rare but should be suspected in patients with multiple osteomas of the skull and facial bones, excess teeth, impacted teeth, and odontomas. Early diagnosis and treatment of GS may improve prognosis.
Beyond the skin involvement in Darier disease: A complicated neuropsychiatric phenotype
Authors: Li Pomi Federica , Motolese Alfonso , Bertino Lucrezia , Macca Laura , Arminio Natalia C. , Cardia Roberta , Vaccaro Mario , Borgia Francesco
Published: June 2021

Psichiatric illness such as depression, schizophrenia and cognitive deficiency are frequently associated with the Darier Disease. Physicians should be aware of such association to allow prompt diagnosis and early interventions of potentially life‐threatening psychiatric disorders.
Purple urine bags reflecting an aging society
Authors: Yamamoto Shintaro , Mukai Tomoyuki
Published: June 2021

The purple urine bag syndrome is an underrecognized but quite common condition, resulting in marked discoloration of the urine bag system due to bacterial metabolism. This syndrome is associated with advanced age and bedridden persons.
Controllable Fabrication of Core‐Shell Co9S8/Co Embedded on Multi‐Channel Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn‐air Batteries
Authors: Tang Zeming , Nie Zhongxiang , Yuan Meichen , Lai Qingxue , Liang Yanyu
Published: June 2021

Designing bifunctional electrocatalytic sites with outstanding activity and durability in one component toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is quite essential for rechargeable Zn‐air batteries. Herein, a novel core‐shell composition of Co9S8/Co embedded multi‐channel carbon nanofiber was successfully developed as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR and OER by step pyrolysis. The precursor of polystyrene was degraded while polyacrylonitrile was cross‐linked to hexatomic ring during the pro‐oxidation process, therefore, endowing the longitudinal and parallel channels along the fibers’ skeleton in the subsequent carbothermal reduction steps, which affords the superhighway for competent mass transmission and outstanding electrochemical specific area. On the other hand, the potent synergistic effect from precision‐designed core–shell species of Co9S8/Co allows the composite multi‐channel carbon fiber excellent ORR/OER bifunctional catalytic activities, with a gap of 0.89 V between the half‐wave potential toward ORR and potential of OER at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. Additionally, the rechargeable Zn‐air batteries were capable of operating steadily over 500 discharging/charging cycles at a constant current density of 5 mA/cm2.
Chiral Resolution of Spin‐Crossover Active Iron(II) [2x2] Grid Complexes
Authors: Suryadevara Nithin , Pausch Ansgar , Moreno‐Pineda Eufemio , Mizuno Asato , Bürck Jochen , Baksi Ananya , Hochdörffer Tim , Šalitroš Ivan , Ulrich Anne S. , Kappes Manfred M. , Schünemann Volker , Klopper Wim , Ruben Mario
Published: June 2021

Chiral magnetic materials are proposed for applications in second‐order non‐linear optics, magneto‐chiral dichroism, among others. Recently, we have reported a set of tetra‐nuclear Fe(II) grid complex conformers with general formula C/S‐[Fe4L4]8+(L: 2,6‐bis(6‐(pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,5‐dihydrobenzo[1,2‐d : 4,5‐d′]diimidazole). In the grid complexes, isomerism emerges from tautomerism and conformational isomerism of the ligand L, and the S‐type grid complex is chiral, which originates from different non‐centrosymmetric spatial organization of thetranstype ligand around the Fe(II) center. However, the selective preparation of an enantiomerically pure grid complex in a controlled manner is difficult due to spontaneous self‐assembly. To achieve the pre‐synthesis programmable resolution of Fe(II) grid complexes, we designed and synthesized two novel intrinsically chiral ligands by appending chiral moieties to the parent ligand. The complexation of these chiral ligands with Fe(II) salt resulted in the formation of enantiomerically pure Fe(II) grid complexes, as unambiguously elucidated by CD and XRD studies. The enantiomeric complexes exhibited similar gradual and half‐complete thermal and photo‐induced SCO characteristics. The good agreement between the experimentally obtained and calculated CD spectra further supports the enantiomeric purity of the complexes and even the magnetic studies. The chiral resolution of Fe(II)‐ [2×2] grid complexes reported in this study, for the first time, might enable the fabrication of magneto‐chiral molecular devices.
Engineered Cyclotides with Potent Broad in Vitro and in Vivo Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Ganesan Rajasekaran , Dughbaj Mansour A. , Ramirez Lisa , Beringer Steven , Aboye Teshome L. , Shekhtman Alexander , Beringer Paul M. , Camarero Julio A.
Published: June 2021

The search for novel antimicrobial agents to combat microbial pathogens is intensifying in response to the rapid development of drug resistance to current antibiotic therapeutics. Respiratory failure and septicemia are the leading causes of mortality among hospitalized patients. Here, the development of a novel engineered cyclotide with effective broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity against several ESKAPE bacterial strains and clinical isolates is reported. The most active antibacterial cyclotide was extremely stable in serum, showed little hemolytic activity, and provided protection in vivo in a murine model of P. aeruginosa peritonitis. These results highlight the potential of the cyclotide scaffold for the development of novel antimicrobial therapeutic leads for the treatment of bacteremia.
Magnesium Deintercalation From the Spinel‐Type MgMn2‐yFeyO4 (0.4≤y≤2.0) by Acid‐Treatment and Electrochemistry
Authors: Medina Alejandro , Rodríguez Ana I. , Pérez‐Vicente Carlos , Alcántara Ricardo
Published: June 2021

Rechargeable magnesium batteries attract lots of attention because of their high safety and low cost compared to lithium batteries, and it is needed to develop more efficient electrode materials. Although MgMn2O4 is a promising material for the positive electrode in Mg rechargeable batteries, it usually exhibits poor cyclability. To improve the electrochemical behavior, we have prepared nanoparticles of MgMn2‐yFeyO4. The XRD results have confirmed that when Mn3+ (Jahn‐Teller ion) ions are replaced by Fe3+ (non‐Jahn‐Teller ion), the resulting MgMn2‐yFeyO4 is a cubic phase. The structure and theoretical voltage are theoretically calculated by using the DFT method. The obtained samples have been chemically treated in acid solution for partial demagnesiation, and it is observed that the presence of iron inhibits the deinsertion of Mg through disproportionation and favors the exchange reaction. The electrochemical behavior in non‐aqueous magnesium cells has been explored.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Redox Neutral Direct C−H Amination of Glycine Derivatives and Peptides with N‐Acyloxyphthalimides
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyun , Li Bai , Xu Jingyao , Tang Qinglin , Cai Zhengjun , Jiang Xianxing
Published: June 2021

A room temperature, visible‐light‐promoted and redox neutral direct C−H amination of glycine and peptides has been firstly accomplished by using N‐acyloxyphthalimide or ‐succinimide as nitrogen‐radical precursor. The present strategy provides ways to introduce functionalities such as N‐acyloxyphthalimide or ‐succinimide specifically to terminal glycine segment of peptides. Herein, mild conditions and high functional‐group tolerance allow the preparation of non‐natural α‐amino acids and modification of corresponding peptides in this way.
TERESA eröffnet ein vertieftes Verständnis zum Tropfenmitriss
Authors: Geipel Werner , Scholl Stephan
Published: June 2021

No abstract.
A randomized trial of exercise and diet on health‐related quality of life in survivors of breast cancer with overweight or obesity
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Sarwer David B. , Troxel Andrea B. , Sturgeon Kathleen , DeMichele Angela M. , Denlinger Crystal S. , Schmitz Kathryn H.
Published: June 2021

Background

Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, and progressive disease; it is associated with poor health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in survivors of breast cancer.

Methods

In this 2 × 2 factorial trial, 351 survivors of breast cancer with overweight or obesity were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment groups for 52 weeks: control, exercise alone, diet alone, or exercise plus diet. HRQOL end points were measured at baseline and at week 52 using the 36‐Item Medical Outcomes Survey‐Short Form (SF‐36). Repeated measures analysis of covariance quantified the estimated treatment difference (ETD).

Results

At baseline, participants had a mean (SD) age of 59.4 years (8.7), body mass index of 34.0 kg/m2 (5.9), and 71 participants (20.2%) self‐reported fair or poor general health. After 52 weeks, compared with control, the exercise plus diet improved the physical health summary score (ETD: 5.39; 95% CI, 0.55‐10.22); exercise alone (ETD: –1.91; 95% CI, –6.60 to 2.79) and diet alone (ETD: 3.16; 95% CI, –1.52 to 7.83) did not change the physical health summary score. Compared with control, exercise alone (ETD: –0.27; 95% CI, –6.60 to 2.79), diet alone (ETD: 3.25; 95% CI, –1.41 to 7.91), and the exercise plus diet (ETD: 1.75; 95% CI, –2.90 to 6.39) did not change the mental health summary score. Exercise alone did not impact any HRQOL subscale; diet alone improved the vitality subscale; exercise plus diet improved the physical functioning, role—physical and vitality subscales.

Conclusion

In survivors of breast cancer with overweight or obesity, exercise plus diet improved select HRQOL end points at week 52.
Updating the Papanicolaou Society cytologic criteria for invasive adenocarcinoma in cystic pancreaticobiliary specimens
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A.
Published: June 2021

The criteria for distinguishing between invasive adenocarcinoma and mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas with high‐grade dysplasia on cytologic material are neither clear nor consistent. The use of noncytologic criteria (molecular and imaging) or core‐needle biopsy may make the diagnosis of invasion more reliable.
An Easy, Cost‐Effective, and Scalable Method to Deplete Human Ribosomal RNA for RNA‐seq
Authors: Baldwin Amber , Morris Adam R. , Mukherjee Neelanjan
Published: June 2021

RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) is a powerful and increasingly prevalent method to characterize and quantify the transcriptome. Ribosomes are extremely abundant, however, and approximately 80% of total RNA is ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Therefore, to detect and quantify less abundant yet biologically important transcripts such as messenger RNA (mRNA) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), it is essential to minimize the rRNA being sequenced. Although commercial methods exist to deplete rRNA from total RNA samples before sequencing, they are expensive and require specific amounts of input RNA, and the most commonly used kit is no longer available as a stand‐alone product. Here, we present an optimized rRNA depletion protocol using RNase H and DNA oligonucleotides complementary to human rRNA transcripts. This protocol includes guidelines for DNA oligo preparation, RNA:DNA hybridization, RNase H cleavage and RNA cleanup, and benchmarking of rRNA depletion. The method is flexible because the user can include additional complementary DNA oligos directed against any abundant transcript in their particular system. Furthermore, the performance of this rRNA depletion approach is comparable to or better than that of commercial kits, at a fraction of the cost and across a wide range of input RNA amounts. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Specific depletion of rRNA transcripts from human total RNA

Support Protocol: Preparation of the rRNA depletion DNA oligonucleotide pool
Foliar nitrogen as stimulant fertilization alters carbon metabolism, reactive oxygen species scavenging, and enhances grain yield in a soybean–maize rotation
Authors: Rodrigues Vitor Alves , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa , Bossolani João William , Portugal José Roberto , Moretti Luiz Gustavo , Bernart Leila , Vilela Rafael Gonçalves , Galeriani Tatiani , Lollato Romulo Pisa
Published: June 2021

Stimulant fertilization isthe supplementary application of low doses of foliar fertilizers to otherwise well‐fertilized crops, and literature suggests that it may increase grain yield. However, the physiological mechanisms behind this potential yield increase are not well understood. This study investigated the effect of supplementary foliar nitrogen (N) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and maize (Zea mays) nutrition, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant metabolism, agronomic parameters, and grain yield. We tested the presence or absence of low rates of late season (R3 and V10 of soybean and maize, respectively) foliar N fertilization in a main season soybean followed by an off‐season maize. While there were no effects of N application on leaf nutrient concentration, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and carboxylation efficiency increased due to foliar N fertilization in both crops. The improvement in photosynthesis occurred due to a concomitant increase in Rubisco activity and in the concentration of sugar in the leaves prior to grain filling. Foliar N fertilization also improved antioxidant metabolism, suggesting that fertilized plants were less affected by environmental stresses during their cycle. The improvement in the metabolic activity due to foliar N did not affect grains per plant but increased a hundred grain mass and grain yield of both soybean and maize. Our results suggest that foliar N applied as stimulant fertilizer is a promising strategy to increase yield of maize and soybean crops.
Kinetics of Cu2+ Reduction and Nanoparticle Nucleation at Micro‐scale 1,2‐Dichlorobenzene‐water Interface Studied by Cyclic Voltammetry and Square‐wave Voltammetry
Authors: Nieminen Eemi , Murtomäki Lasse
Published: June 2021

Reduction and nanoparticle nucleation of Cu2+ by decamethylferrocene was studied with cyclic and square‐wave voltammetry at a microscale liquid–liquid interface established at the tip of a micropipette. With square‐wave voltammetry, two reduction steps could be distinguished as two separate current waves. Comparing the experimental results of cyclic voltammetry with finite element method simulations, particle growth could be observed as an increasing limiting current. Furthermore, kinetic parameters could be estimated with square‐wave voltammetry simulations following Butler‐Volmer kinetics.
A No‐washing Point‐of‐Care Electrochemical Biosensor Based on CuS Nanoparticles for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Neuron‐specific Enolase
Authors: Li Bing , Zhang Yong , Ren Xiang , Li Yuyang , Wang Huan , Ma Hongmin , Wu Dan , Wei Qin
Published: June 2021

Electrochemical biosensors have made outstanding achievements in recent years. However, the single pursuit of sensitivity and accuracy sometimes cannot meet the detection requirements and achieve high‐efficiency measurements. Therefore, no‐washing biosensors have more practical advantages. In this work, a disposable point‐of‐care (POC) electrochemical biosensor was designed for the sensitive and fast detection of neuron‐specific enolase (NSE). Fe3O4 and CuS nanoparticles were used as the substrate material for capturing Ab1 and the signal probe for labeling Ab2 respectively. The disposable syringe filter was introduced into the determination procedure for simple sample separation, which easily realized no‐washing detection. Due to the syringe filters with 200 nm pore diameter could only allow the small nanoparticles of CuS−Ab2 pass through, the large‐sized immunocomplex of Fe3O4−Ab1/NSE/CuS−Ab2 were blocked on the membrane. The uncombined CuS−Ab2 particles were pushed out from the syringe and would occur electron transfer between Cu2+ and Cu+ to generate a current signal detected by the Au electrode. Under optimal conditions, the no‐washing biosensor shows a wide linear concentration range (100 fg mL−1∼50 ng mL−1) with the limit of detection of 33 fg mL−1 (S/N=3). Additionally, the biosensor exhibited excellent selectivity, storage stability and reproducibility. The outstanding advantages of the no‐washing biosensor make it more suitable for POC testing.
Quercetin mediated attenuation of cadmium‐induced oxidative toxicity and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in caprine testes in vitro
Authors: Bhardwaj Jitender Kumar , Panchal Harish
Published: June 2021

Cadmium (Cd), an environmental toxic heavy metal, has been reported to cause testicular toxicity, which contributes to the recent decline in male fertility worldwide. Quercetin (Qcn), a major dietary antioxidant, has been shown to have protective effects under various pathological conditions. However, whether Qcn provides protection against Cd‐stimulated testicular toxicity remains obscured. The present study was therefore aimed at investigating the ameliorative effect of Qcn supplementation on Cd‐induced toxicity in the goat testis in vitro in a dose‐(10, 50, and 100 μM) and time‐dependent (4 and 8 h) manner. Different cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and biochemical analyses have been carried out using appropriate methods. Cytotoxicity in testicular cells induced by Cd treatment was apparently mitigated by Qcn treatment, evidenced by decreased apoptotic attributes or frequency in Qcn plus Cd‐treated groups compared to the only Cd‐treated groups. Qcn treatment provides substantial protection to the Cd‐triggered aggression in oxidative (increased MDA levels) and total antioxidant capacity (reduced FRAP activity) in testicular tissue, indicating the anti‐oxidative function of Qcn against Cd exposure. Moreover, Cd‐induced decline in antioxidant status (CAT, SOD, and GST activity) was markedly restored by Qcn supplementation in testicular tissue. In conclusion, this study shows that Qcn treatment significantly attenuated the Cd‐evoked testicular damage, suggesting its beneficial potential in preventing or at least in managing the gonadotoxicity in males induced by steadily increasing Cd contamination in the environment.
In Situ‐Formed Dual‐Conductive Protecting Layer for Dendrite‐Free Li Metal Anodes in All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Wu Yang , Zhang Yuchan , Liu Yongpeng , Feng Jinkui
Published: June 2021

Lithium metal anode is regarded as one of the most promising electrode materials for high energy‐rechargeable batteries. Nevertheless, the utilization of lithium metal anode suffers from the detrimental lithium dendrite growth caused by uneven lithium deposition. Herein, a dual‐conductive protecting layer is formed in situ on a lithium metal surface as an artificial solid electrolyte interface, which is composed of electronic‐conductive lithiophilic lithium–gallium alloy and lithium‐ion‐conductive lithium nitride. The protective layer can not only ensure uniform lithium‐ion diffusion but also act as a nuclear agent to lower the deposition overpotential. With this artificial solid–electrolyte interface, the dendrite growth of lithium is significantly suppressed. Symmetric half cells and full cells with a modified lithium metal anode exhibit significantly improved electrochemical performance compared with the bare lithium metal anode.
Hierarchical Porous Carbon Membrane Embedded with Pyrolyzed Co‐Based Metal−Organic Frameworks as Multifunctional Interlayers for Advanced Li−SeS2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Biao , Hu Qianqian , Hu Jinlong , Zhang Lingzhi
Published: June 2021

Selenium disulfide (SeS2) possesses competitive advantages over pure sulfur or selenium as an electrode material for lithium storage. However, the shutting effect and slow conversion rate of soluble lithium polysulfides/polyselenides (LiPSs/LiPSes) compromise the practical application of Li−SeS2 batteries. Herein, a ZIF‐67@PAN‐derived Co−N−C@C multifunctional porous membrane as the LiPSs/LiPSes trapping barrier for Li−SeS2 batteries is proposed. The hierarchical porous conductive network facilitates the transport of electrons/lithium ions. Meanwhile, the Co−N−C architecture not only has chemical interaction for trapping the mobile LiPSs/LiPSes, but also catalyzes the LiPSs/LiPSes conversion reaction during the cycling process. Benefiting from the multifunctional capabilities, the constructed Li−SeS2 cells with the aforementioned interlayer exhibit a high capacity utilization of 978 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, together with an excellent rate capacity of 532 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1 and also superior cycle life with a capacity of 557 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 A g−1. More strikingly, they show promising capacity with stable cell performance with a mass loading of 4 mg cm−2.
Channel estimation for reconfigurable intelligent surface‐assisted multiuser mmWave MIMO system in the presence of array blockage
Authors: Li Binrui , Zhang Zhongpei , Hu Zhenzhen
Published: June 2021

In this article, we focus on the channel estimation problem for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)‐assisted multiuser mmWave MIMO system. The main challenge for channel estimation of this system lies in that all elements of the RIS are passive reflecting antennas incapable of processing signals, which are designed to reflect the incident signals by a certain phase shift. Meanwhile, considering that array blockage is often present at the RIS working in mmWave band, the channel estimation problem becomes more challenging. By introducing the effective channel model derived from the cascaded channel model among the base station (BS), the RIS, and the user equipment, we formulate the original problem to estimate the effective channel and array blockage matrix jointly. For the single‐user scenario, we propose the orthogonal matching pursuit‐array blockage calibration (OMPABC) algorithm to complete this estimation problem. In the multiuser scenario, with the aid of channel estimation scheme based on feedback, all the channel matrices of UEs and array blockage matrix are estimated at the BS jointly. Furthermore, in the small number of UEs case, we introduce the common support among the different UEs and extend this property to the effective channel. Utilizing the property, we propose the joint OMPABC algorithm to estimate the effective channel of all UEs and array blockage matrix jointly. Finally, in the large number of UEs case, we propose the two‐space‐scale OMPABC algorithm with a low computational complexity. The simulation results illustrate our proposed algorithms can effectively improve the estimation performance.
The relationship between the use of artificial sweeteners and cancer: A meta‐analysis of case–control studies
Authors: Liu Liping , Zhang Peng , Wang Yuanxin , Cui Weiwei , Li Dong
Published: June 2021

Although there are reports that artificial sweeteners (AS) are safe, the relationship between artificial sweeteners and cancer remains controversial. The purpose of the study is to evaluate whether the consumption of artificial sweeteners is associated with the risk of cancers. We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. We found all the literature that studied the relationship between artificial sweeteners and cancer. Ten case–control studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Our findings indicated that the consumption of artificial sweeteners was not associated with an increase in cancer when all types of cancers are analyzed comprehensively (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.75–1.11). Interestingly, the use of artificial sweeteners is inversely related to urinary system cancer risk when analyzing women individually (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.97). Our meta‐analysis found that these is no correlation between artificial sweeteners and occurrence of cancer except urinary system cancer in women. Considering some limitations found in this study, additional data from large clinical trials are needed.
Nutritional and end‐use perspectives of sprouted grains: A comprehensive review
Authors: Ikram Ali , Saeed Farhan , Afzaal Muhammad , Imran Ali , Niaz Bushra , Tufail Tabussam , Hussain Muzzamal , Anjum Faqir Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Scientific literature is evident that the germinated seeds possess a promising potential for essential nutrients, flavors, and textural attributes over nongerminated grain. In recent decades, sprouting has also been investigated as a potential green food engineering technique to boost the nutritive profile of grains. Sprouting grains have multifold applications in different fields such as baking, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. During sprouting, shifting of molecular structures to macroscopic takes place. Sprouting reactivates the grain metabolism which leads to the catabolism and degradation of antinutrient and macronutrient compounds. These modifications have an effect on human health and on the nutritional content of the foodstuffs. Sprouting grains have high bioactivity against diabetes and cancer. Germination is also an outstanding green food development technique to increase the seed nutritive profile in terms of quality. The present review focuses on the sprouting of grains, changes in nutritional profile, and the technological exploration of sprouted grains.
An open developmental science will be more rigorous, robust, and impactful
Authors: Gilmore Rick O. , Qian Yiming
Published: June 2021

Developmental science poses some of the most profound problems in all of science and some of the most difficult ones. Because the answers are so important to human health and well‐being, it's essential that researchers do everything possible to accelerate discovery and promote reproducibility and rigour. In this essay, we argue that fully embracing open practices—especially data and materials sharing—will achieve the goals of making developmental science more rigorous, robust, and impactful while simultaneously accelerating discovery.
Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis: Clinical or microscopic? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Vieira‐Baptista Pedro , Silva Ana Rita , Costa Mariana , Figueiredo Rita , Saldanha Conceição , Sousa Carlos
Published: June 2021

Objective

To compare the performance of the Amsel criteria, culture of Gardnerella spp., and wet mount microscopy (WMM) in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.

Methods

A cross‐sectional cohort study was conducted, consisting of evaluating 749 consecutive women, regardless of symptoms. The Amsel criteria were evaluated, WMM microscopy and Gram staining were performed, and a swab was collected for culture. The gold standard for diagnosis was the Nugent score.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity for the different approaches were: Amsel criteria 41.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33.76–49.18) and 97.8% (95% CI 96.21–98.81); cultures 59.9% (95% CI 51.47–67.85) and 99.0% (95% CI 97.76–99.69); WMM 82.6% (95% CI 76.02–88.05) and 92.4% (95% CI 89.98–94.45), respectively. WMM performed equally well in symptomatic and asymptomatic women. Amsel criteria in scenarios where there is no use of a microscope had very poor sensitivity (22.8% [CI 16.63–29.87%]).

Conclusion

The Amsel criteria have a poor performance for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. WMM performs well but is not routinely used and should be the first approach for the diagnosis of vaginitis.
Decolorization of amaranth RI and fast red E azo dyes by thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovoransKNG 112
Authors: Rajashekarappa Kotresh Kyathanahally , Mahadevan Gurumurthy Dummi , Neelagund Shivayogeeswar Eshwarappa , Sathynarayana Madhuri , Vijaya Divya , Mulla Sikandar I
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Accumulation of industrial dyes in wastewater creates not only environmental problems, but also medical and aesthetic problems. Removal of synthetic dyes from contaminated hot textile industrial discharge is a fundamental issue. Herein, the microbial decolorization of azo dyes amaranth RI and fast red E was studied. The decolorization process was studied in terms of various physicochemical and analytical parameters.

RESULTS

The azo dye decolorization efficiency was improved with beef extract and maltose as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. At 55 °C, Geobacillus thermoleovorans KNG 112 showed the maximum decolorization for both amaranth RI and fast red E at pH 7 and 8, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis revealed the formation of amide, nitrosamine, aromatic and carbonyl compounds, alkyne, alkane, alcohol and alkyl halide groups after dye decolorization. Mixed dye (amaranth RI and fast red E) decolorization resulted in formation of various alkyl acetals, amines (nitrosamines, secondary and tertiary amines) azo groups and alkyl chloride. Furthermore, phytotoxic effect of azo dyes on the germination of fenugreek and green gram showed no inhibitory effects; however, more and rapid germination compared to the control group was observed.

CONCLUSIONS

The results lead to the conclusion that the optimization of G. thermoleovorans KNG 112 for removal of azo dyes could have applications in decontamination of hot industrial discharges. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
After genomic testing results: Parents’ long‐term views
Authors: Liang Nicole Si Yan , Adam Shelin , Elliott Alison M. , Siemens Angela , du Souich Christèle ,   CAUSES Study,   GenCOUNSEL Study, Friedman Jan M. , Birch Patricia
Published: June 2021

Many parents are motivated to pursue genome‐wide (exome or genome) sequencing to find a diagnosis for their child with a suspected but undiagnosed genetic condition. However, the impact of the genomic test extends beyond the provision of results and the so‐called ‘diagnostic odyssey’. Our goal was to quantify post‐test decisional regret and characterize long‐term, post‐test experiences and unmet needs of the parents of children with suspected genetic diseases after they had received the results of genome‐wide sequencing. Study participants were parents of children who underwent trio genome‐wide sequencing as part of the CAUSES research study at Children's & Women's Health Centre of British Columbia. About half of the participants received a definite or likely genetic diagnosis after clinical interpretation of the genome‐wide sequencing results. Parents who participated in the current study (n = 121) completed the Decisional Regret Scale four weeks after receiving results. A subset of these parents (n = 32) had semi‐structured interviews a median of 7 months (range 3–20 months) after results disclosure and post‐test genetic counseling. Most parents expressed either no regret or mild regret about having undergone genome‐wide sequencing on both the Decisional Regret Scale and in the interviews. Parents whose children did not receive a genetic diagnosis were slightly more likely to have decisional regret on this quantitative scale. Analysis of transcribed interviews revealed the following major themes: (a) a lack of decisional conflict around having the testing; (b) a lack of decisional regret post‐testing; (c) expressions of both relief and continued uncertainty around the meaning of a genetic diagnosis; (d) expression of initial disappointment and evolving interpretation surrounding a result yielding no genetic diagnosis; and (e) needing time to absorb the test results. Our results suggest that parents need time to absorb the testing results and that long‐term post‐test counseling, including acknowledging feelings of relief, loss, and disappointment, may help parents adapt to the genomic test results and assist families to anticipate and plan for the next steps in their child's medical trajectory, whether or not a diagnosis is found.
Association between atrial fibrillation and bundle branch block
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zubair , Patel Kirtenkumar , Zarak Muhammad Samsoor , Gupta Ashwani , Hussian Ishtiaq , Patel Krunalkumar , Figueredo Vincent M. , Miskiel Sandra , Franklin Sona , Kutalek Steven
Published: June 2021

Background

The association between atrial fibrillation (Afib) and sinus and AV nodal dysfunction has previously been reported. However, no data are available regarding the association between Afib and bundle branch block (BBB).

Methods

Patient data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between years 2009 and 2015. Patients with a diagnosis of Afib and BBB were identified using validated International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, and Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes. Statistical analysis using the chi‐square test and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed to determine the association between Afib and BBB.

Results

The total number of patients with BBB was 3,116,204 (1.5%). Patients with BBB had a mean age of 73.5 ± 13.5 years, 53.6% were males, 39.1% belonged to the age group ≥80 years, and 72.9% were Caucasians. The prevalence of Afib was higher in the BBB group, as compared to the non‐BBB group (29% vs 11.8%, p value<.001). This association remained significant in multivariate regression analysis with an odds ratio of 1.25 (CI: 1.24‐1.25, P < .001). Among the subtypes of BBB, Afib was comparatively more associated with RBBB (1.32, CI 1.31‐1.33, p value<.0001) than LBBB (1.17, CI 1.16‐1.18, p value<.0001). The mean cost was higher among Afib with BBB, compared with Afib patients without BBB ($15 795 vs $14 391, p value<.0001). There was no significant difference in the mean length of stay (5.6 vs 5.9 days, p value<.0001) or inpatient mortality (4.9% vs 4.8%).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that prevalence of Afib is higher in patients with BBB than without BBB. Cost are higher for Afib patients with BBB, compared to those without BBB, with no significant increase in mortality or length of stay.
Measuring Tensile Strength of a Detergent‐Stabilized Soap Film
Authors: Phan Chi M. , Nguyen Cuong V. , Nguyen Hoang M.
Published: June 2021

The tensile strength of thin aqueous films plays an important role in foaming systems. This study experimentally measured the film tension by applying a new method to three soap solutions with different glycerol contents. It was found that the film tension was independent of bubble size. The results indicated that the molecular interaction within the thin liquid film has a negative contribution to the film tension of ca. −3 mN m−1. The glycerol content has an insignificant influence on the film tension. This new method can provide unique insights into foam systems in food, detergency, and chemical processes.
Association of Plate Contouring With Hardware Complications Following Mandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Davies Joel C. , Chan Harley H. L. , Yao Christopher M. K. L. , Ziai Hedyeh , Dixon Peter R. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Goldstein David P. , de Almeida John R. , Gilbert Ralph W. , Irish Jonathan C.
Published: June 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

Despite considerable effort being dedicated to contouring reconstruction plates, there remains limited evidence demonstrating an association between contour and reconstructive outcomes. We sought to evaluate whether optimizing mandibular reconstruction plate contouring is associated with reduced postoperative hardware complications.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

A cohort study was performed with adult patients (age ≥18 years) who underwent mandibulectomy and osseous free flap reconstruction following oncologic ablation at the University Health Network in Toronto, Canada, between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2014. Patients with computed tomography scans performed within 1 year of reconstruction were included. Computer‐based three‐dimensional models were generated and used to calculate the mean plate‐to‐bone gap (mm). The primary outcome was plate exposure. Secondary outcome included a composite of plate exposure or intraoral dehiscence. Logistic regression models were fitted for each outcome accounting for other patient and surgical characteristics associated with the primary outcome.

Results

Ninety‐four patients met inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 60.4 (standard deviation [SD] 14.9). The mean follow‐up time was 31.4 months (range 3–94). Reconstruction was performed with fibular (57%) and scapular free flaps (43%). In the multivariable model, small mean plate‐to‐bone gap (<1 mm) was independently associated with 86% reduced odds of plate exposure (odds ratio [OR] 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02–0.55). Mean plate‐to‐bone gap less than 1 mm was also independently associated with reduced odds of developing a composite of plate exposure or intraoral dehiscence (OR, 0.29; 95%CI, 0.11–0.75).

Conclusion

Optimizing plate contouring during mandibular reconstruction may decrease the development of postoperative hardware complications.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 132:61–66, 2022
An Improved Method for the Estimation and Comparison of Mortality Rates in Fish from Catch-Curve Data
Authors: Mainguy Julien , Moral Rafael de Andrade
Published: June 2021

Catch-curve analyses are routinely used to estimate instantaneous mortality (Z) in fish, and as the age-frequency data are often overdispersed, the application of a variance bias-correction factor has been recommended. The extensions of the Poisson generalized linear model (GLMPoisson) may, however, constitute a better alternative, as they model the variance (SE) in counts more adequately with their specific dispersion parameter for more accurate estimations and statistical comparisons. To test this idea, simulated age-frequency data generated under four dispersion scenarios were analyzed according to six currently available methods and compared with the results of a GLMPoisson and five of its extensions to evaluate each method-specific bias in Z ± SE estimates. Empirical age-frequency data from sampled Walleye Sander vitreus and Arctic Char Salvelinus alpinus populations in Québec, Canada, were then used to illustrate the applicability of our GLM-based method, which relies on the behavior of Pearson residuals to assess model adequacy and an information-theoretic approach for model selection. All analyses revealed that Z-estimates were generally accurate among the methods considered, except under the most likely situation of quadratic overdispersion met in ecological studies, for which only the negative binomial type 2 and the mean-parametrized Conway–Maxwell–Poisson (CMP) extensions were adequate to estimate both Z and its SE. Linearly overdispersed data were best modeled by the negative binomial type 1 and generalized Poisson (GLMGP) extensions; the GLMCMP and GLMGP were the most appropriate to model underdispersed data, whereas the GLMPoisson adequately modeled equi-dispersed data, similar to the Chapman and Robson (1960) method. Statistical comparisons of Z ± SE for grouping factors, such as year or site, were correctly achieved when the most adequate and statistically supported GLMPoisson extension was applied. Altogether, the proposed GLM-based method should help to circumvent the identified issues related to SE estimation for statistical inferences about mortality rates for fisheries management decision making.
Vitamin D status in children with intestinal failure who have achieved enteral autonomy
Authors: Lepus Chelsea A. , Samela Kate , Emerick Karan M. , Mokha Jasmeet S.
Published: June 2021

Background

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in children with intestinal failure (IF) who receive parenteral nutrition (PN), but data on vitamin D status after achieving enteral autonomy (EA) are limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this population while exploring clinical variables that may be associated with its development.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed on 29 children with IF who had achieved EA. Deficiency was defined as a mean serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D <30 ng/ml.

Data Results

Sixty‐six percent of children had at least one deficient level during the study period, with 38% being deficient based on the mean vitamin D levels. Eighty‐four percent had radiologic evidence of osteopenia. Compared with the sufficient group (n=18), the deficient group (n=11) received higher daily mean vitamin D doses (2246 vs 920 IU; P=.02), had shorter remnant small‐bowel length (53.8 vs 82.1 cm; P=.03), and were PN dependent for a longer duration (1.3 vs 0.58 years; P=.01). Univariate analyses revealed longer remnant gut length (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03; P=.04) and shorter duration of PN (OR = 0.26; P=.04) to be significantly associated with sufficient vitamin D status.

Conclusion

Vitamin D deficiency and osteopenia are highly prevalent in pediatric patients with a history of IF who have achieved EA, despite enteral supplementation with higher than standard doses. Shorter remnant small‐bowel length and longer duration of PN were associated with vitamin D deficiency. These findings emphasize the importance of prolonged surveillance and highlight the need for alternate dosing regimens.
COVID‐19—The impact of variable and “low normal” pulse oximetry scores on Oximetry@Home services and clinical pathways: Confounding variables?
Authors: Harland Nicholas , Greaves Jane , Fuller Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

COVID‐19 Oximetry@Home services have been commissioned nationally. This allows higher‐risk patients with mild COVID‐19 symptoms to remain at home, being supplied with a Pulse Oximeter to measure their oxygen saturation (SpO2) two to three times daily for two weeks. Patients record their readings manually or electronically which are monitored by a clinical team. Clinical decisions, using an algorithm, are based on SpO2 readings in a narrow range with 1–2 point changes potentially affecting care. In this article, we discussed the problem that multiple factors affect SpO2 readings, and that some “normal” individuals will have “low‐normal” scores at the threshold of clinical management, without any known respiratory problem. We discuss the potential magnitude of this problem based on the associated literature and consider how this will have an impact on the use of the Oximetry@home services, potentially partially confounding their purpose; to reduce face‐to‐face medical care.
Infracranial versus cranial nonmetric traits and mtDNA data in the study of genetic divergence of human populations
Authors: Movsesian Alla A. , Vagner‐Sapukhina Elena A.
Published: June 2021

Although cranial and dental nonmetric traits have proven to be reliable proxies for genetic data, the usefulness of infracranial nonmetric traits as phenetic markers in population affinity studies remains unclear. Our aim was to analyze infracranial and cranial nonmetric trait frequencies in the same samples in comparison with genetic data to determine the value of infracranial nonmetric traits in assessing genetic relationships among populations. We examined the frequencies of 25 cranial and 16 infracranial nonmetric traits in seven adult osteological samples from different regions of northern Eurasia (northern Russians, indigenous populations of Volga–Ural region, Buryats, and Yupik) and the data on mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in the same ethnic groups. The biological distance between each pair of samples was estimated using the Smith's mean measure of divergence (MMD) for nonmetric traits and Cavalli–Sforza distance measure for mtDNA data. Mantel correlations were calculated between two matrices of mean measures of divergence (MMD) distances, and a multidimensional scaling (MDS) procedure was applied to each matrix. The Mantel test showed a strong correlation between the two nonmetric distance matrices. The three‐dimensional spatial representations of each matrix revealed similar patterns of intergroup differences. On both nonmetric MDS maps, the sample locations roughly reflected the geographic separation of the groups, with the exception of northern Russians, who were grouped with Volga–Ural populations. Comparison of our results with those obtained from genetic data confirmed that both sets of nonmetric traits provide reliable genetic affinities among the samples. The association of northern Russians with the Volga–Ural groups can be explained by their genetic background. Our findings show that infracranial nonmetric traits can be successfully used as phenetic markers to define a population's affinity and divergence, particularly in cases where only infracranial bones are available for study.