bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problemáticas ambientales en las que confluyen ciclos biogeoquímicos. Propuesta para la educación secundaria
Authors: Jaén García Mercedes , Esteve Guirao Patricia , Banos-González Isabel
Published: September 2018

El estudio de las problemáticas ambientales actuales necesita enfoques globalizadores que permitan interrelacionar las dinámicas existentes en la naturaleza, poniendo un especial énfasis en los efectos que tienen sobre ellas algunas actividades humanas. En este sentido, se plantea una propuesta didáctica dirigida a 4º ESO orientada a estudiar los problemas de eutrofización y pérdida de biodiversidad que tiene actualmente el Mar Menor (SE España), y su relación con algunas actividades como el turismo y la agricultura. Mediante la estrategia de planteamiento y resolución de problemas, el alumnado puede identificar los efectos de ciertas actividades humanas sobre los ciclos biogeoquímicos y analizar la generación de algunas problemáticas de tipo socioambiental. Además nos permitirá valorar la sostenibilidad de nuestro estilo de vida mediante la participación y reflexión ciudadana.
Loop-invariant Optimization in the Pifagor Language
Authors: Vasilev Vladimir S. , Legalov Alexander I.
Published: September 2018

The paper considers methods of program transformation equivalent to optimizing the cycle invariant, applied to the functional data-flow model implemented in the Pifagor programming language. Optimization of the cycle invariant in imperative programming languages is reduced to a displacement from the cycle of computations that do not depend on variables that are changes in the loop. A feature of the functional data flow parallel programming language Pifagor is the absence of explicitly specified cyclic computations (the loop operator). However, recurring calculations in this language can be specified recursively or by applying specific language constructs (parallel lists). Both mechanisms provide the possibility of parallel execution. In the case of optimizing a recursive function, repeated calculations are carried out into an auxiliary function, the main function performing only the calculation of the invariant. When optimizing the invariant in computations over parallel lists, the calculation of the invariant moves from the function that executes over the list items to the function containing the call. The paper provides a definition of ”invariant” applied to the Pifagor language, algorithms for its optimization, and examples of program source codes, their graph representations (the program dependence graph) before and after optimization. The algorithm shown for computations over parallel lists is applicable only to the Pifagor language, because it rests upon specific data structures and the computational model of this language. However, the algorithm for transforming recursive functions may be applied to other programming languages.
On Some Approaches to the Solution of the Problem «Useful Proof-of-work for Blockchains»
Authors: Durnev Valeriy G. , Murin Dmitry M. , Sokolov Valery A. , Chalyy Dmitry Ju.
Published: September 2018

The blockchain technology is based on the ”Proof-of-work” principles. The essence of this principle is that some event (for example the bill-to-bill money transaction) becomes significant after the confirmation by a certain computer work. So, a demand arose for such computational problems to work on, and we will spend on it about the whole blockchain system computing capacity. Now the main kind of such a problem is a hash-puzzle – the problem to find a bit string with a hash that satisfies some conditions. The important hash-puzzle weakness is the lack of the useful application outside of the blockchain technology. In this work, we offer some approaches to ”Useful Proof-of-work for blockchains” problem, namely, consider some practical variants of the NP-complete problems that could be solved with the help of SAT or LLL-solvers as the Proof-of-Work computational problems. The use of the FPTproblems requires special study. The offered approach allows to provide the following characteristics of the proof-of-work computational problems: usefulness, problems complexity management (through the dimension change, choosing problems of certain kind, the indication of necessary solution precision), mass character. Herewith we admit that not every solved problem can be useful but we consider the opportunity to solve some practical problems with the help of the blockchain technology. Among other things it is also possible to compare the virtual crypto-currency value (through the energy costs spent) and the effective result of the practical problems solution. The most complicated points of the described approach are the realization of the events-problems (providing the computer work for these events) relations and the realization of the problems complexity analysis system. This issue should be viewed as the study program because of many technical details that must be worked out further.
Erratum for Mirhendi et al., The first case of onychomycosis in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) due to atypical isolates of Microsporum gypseum, a diagnostic challenge
Authors: H Mirhendi , Y Nishiyama , A Rezaei-Matehkolaei , K Satoh , K Makimura
Published: September 2018

Volume 2, no. 2, 45-50, 2016, DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.cmm.2.2.2 . The original version of this article contained incorrect dose of terbinafine. This erratum adds the correct dose as shown below.
Terbinafine dosage should change from 250 mg/kg to 250 mg/day.
Cultural events as a method for creating a new future for museums
Authors: Jaremen Daria E. , Rapacz Andrzej
Published: September 2018

In the situation of insufficient subsidies for the substantive activities of museums, primarily the ones funded by the local governments, as well as low attendance of visitors, not really interested in the traditional offer of such institutions, there is an urgent need to extend it with additional elements corresponding to the expectations of a contemporary client. The observation of the thriving museums in Poland and worldwide indicates that cultural events represent such an attractive component which expands the museum offer. The article presents an attempt of explaining the role of cultural events in developing a museum product based on the analysis of a specific case of the Municipal Museum Gerhart Hauptmann’s House in Jelenia Góra-Jagniątków.
A methodology for calculating individual indicators of tourism activity
Authors: Kyfyak Vasyl , Kyfyak Olexander
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the article is to find modern approaches for calculating the quantity of given characteristic features and accompanying tourist services and goods purchased by tourists, to determine the number of tourists visiting a city and forecasting the volume of travel services for the future. Solutions to the tasks set out in the article have been carried out with the help of both general academic and specialist research methods: analysis and synthesis, systematization and generalization, expert evaluation and extrapolation. Using the example of the city of Chernivtsi (Ukraine) the number of tourists visiting the city has been determined, the volume of services rendered and the average annual growth rate of tourism service implementation over the last five years has been calculated contributing to forecasting the volume of service delivery for the future.
Diffusion tensor imaging in brain tumors: The role of fractional anisotropy values
Authors: AKYILMAZ Dinçer Aydın , ÇALLI Mehmet Cem , ÖZGİRAY Erkin , ERTAN Yeşim , KAMER Emine Serra , KİTİŞ Ömer
Published: September 2018

Aim: To evaluate
the role of Fractional anisotropy (FA) values obtained from diffusion tensor
magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) in the differentiation and grading of brain
tumors.Materials and Methods: This study examined the conventional and diffusion
tensor MR imaging findings of twenty-seven patients diagnosed with brain tumors
between 2008 and 2010. Patients were divided into four groups based on tumor
types; meningiomas, low-grade gliomas, high-grade gliomas, and metastases.
Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were then obtained from the solid components
and (if present) peritumoral vasogenic edema of the tumors for each patient by
using the region of interest (ROI) method. Finally, the patient groups were
analyzed in terms of any statistically significant differences.Results: The FA values obtained from the solid portions and
peritumoral edema of meningiomas were found to be higher than those of all
other groups (p<0.015). Moreover, the FA values of high-grade gliomas were
found to be higher than those of low-grade gliomas (p=0.042). Finally, no statistically significant difference was
observed between high-grade gliomas and metastases in terms of the FA values of
solid components and peritumoral edema.

Conclusion: The determination of FA values among DTI results can
be a useful method for differentiating brain tumors such as
meningioma, low-grade glioma, high-grade glioma, and metastasis, as the
treatment protocols and prognoses of each may differ. Moreover, FA values may
contribute preoperatively to the differentiation of brain tumors in multimodal
brain tumor imaging. It would be useful to use diffusion tensor imaging in
conjunction with conventional MRI in the imaging of brain tumors.
Primer biliyer sirozda çölyak hastalığı birlikteliği
Authors: VATANSEVER Sezgin , PAKÖZ Zehra Betül , ÜNSAL Belkıs
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Otoimmun hastalıklar genel olarak birliktelik gösterme eğilimindedirler.
Primer biliyer siroza (PBS) da diğer otoimmun hastalıkların yanı sıra çölyak
hastalığı (ÇH) eşlik edebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada PBS’li hastalarda ÇH’nin prevalansı
değerlendirildi.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada Nisan 2006-Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında tanı alan ve takipli
olan 238 PBS’li hasta, kontrol grubu olarak alınan 205 sağlıklı gönüllü ile
prospektif olarak karşılaştırıldı. Hastalarda Anti Gliadin IgA ve IgG (AGA),
Anti Endomisyum IgA ve IgG (EMA) antikorları immunofloresans yöntemi ile
bakıldı. Antikorları pozitif saptanan hastalardan duodenum ikinci kısmından
biyopsi alındı.Bulgular:
Çalışmaya alınan 238 hastanın yaş
ortalaması 54,2±12 olup 16’sı erkekti.
Kontrol grubundaki 205 kişinin 115’i kadın (%56,1), 90’ı erkek ve yaş
ortalaması 43,8±14,4’tü. PBS’li 4 hastada
AGA ve EMA pozitifliği (%1,7) saptandı. PBS’li hastaların hiçbirinde ÇH semptomları
yoktu. On üç (%5,46) hastada ise düşük titrede AGA pozitifliği saptandı.
Kontrol grubundaki bir (%0,4) hastada EMA, AGA IgA ve IgG yüksek titrede
pozitif saptandı ve PBS’li grup ile istatistiksel fark saptanmadı (p=0,379).
PBS tanısı olan ve EMA, AGA pozitif saptanan dört
hastanın biyopsisinde, bir hastada Marsh 1, bir hastada Marsh 2 ve iki hastada
Marsh 3 ile uyumlu duodenum biyopsi bulguları saptandı. EMA ve AGA’sı pozitif
olan kontrol grubundaki bir hastanın ince barsak biyopsisi ise Marsh 3 ile
uyumluydu. 

Sonuç: PBS ve ÇH, birbiri ile ilişkili olabilen hastalıklardır. PBS tanılı
hastalarda, ÇH açısından seropozitif olan hastaların takibinin ÇH ve
komplikasyonlarına de yönelik olması ve tanı konulan hastalara glutensiz
diyetin başlanması gerekmektedir.
ANALYSIS OF TOURIST TRAVEL PATTERNS TOWARD HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
Authors: Hanifah Nida , Pujianingsih Marta Nilasari Catur , Pratiwi Dea Handika , Fahmi Linta Alfi , Anhari Fathurohim , Albayani Thoriq
Published: September 2018

One of the sectors that are closely related and reasonably determining for the growth and development of the tourism sector is the health sector. The aim of this research  was to a) know the affordability of health care facilities from tourism Prambanan and Plaosan Temple,  b) to know the travel patterns of tourists headed for healthcare facilities. This research uses qualitative descriptive method by using data collection observation techniques, documentation, and data analysis using network analysis. The network analysis method that used is the closest facility. The results of this research show that a) the affordability of the nearest health service facility from the Plaosan Temple object is Kebondalem Lor Puskesmas which is traveled by 1.7 km distance and takes about 4 minutes from the location of Plaosan Temple, while the closest health service facility from the Prambanan Temple is Prambanan Puskesmas which is taken with distance of 5.3 km and travel time 14 minutes from location of Prambanan Temple. to be known travelers can use private vehicles at tourism Plaosan Temple, because the attractions have a radius of 1.7 km. While on the tourist object of tourism Prambanan Temple can not use private vehicle because the mileage exceeds 3 km, and b) The travel pattern of tourists to health care facilities is categorized good, because the tourists can access health services with the nearest route and adequate facilities.

Keywords: Travel Patterns, Health Facilities, Network Analysis

 

ReferencesAnwar, A. (2010). Introduction to Health Administration.Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara.Groenou, M. V., & Tilburg, T. V. (1975). Network Anaysis. Vrije Universitet, Amsterdam, The Netherland.Kuntarto, A., & Purwanto, T. H. (2012). Use of Geographic Information Network Analysis System for Route Planning Tourists in Sleman. Journal of The Earth Indonesia of Vol 1 Number 2, 141.Laksono, A. D., & dkk. (2016). The accessibility of health service in Indonesia. Yogyakarta: KANISIUS PT.Law number. 36 Year 2009 About HealthLaw number. 47 Year 2016 About Health Facilities.Moeleong, L. (2002). Qualitative Research Methods. Bandung: Teens Rosdakarya.Muta'ali, L. (2013). Regional and City Spatial Planning (Tinjauan Normatif-Teknis). Yogyakarta: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Geografi (BPFG) Gadjah Mada University.Narsid, S. (1988). Development Geography. Jakarta: Space.O.Z, T. (1997). Transport Planning and Modeling. Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung.
THE ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS OF POPULATION GROWTH, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND POVERTY LEVEL IN MAESAN DISTRICT BONDOWOSO REGENCY
Authors: Kurnianto Fahmi Arif , Rakhmasari Dian , Ikhsan Fahrudi Ahwan , Apriyanto Bejo , Nurdin Elan Artono
Published: September 2018

Poverty is one of the problems in the economy and environment that must be resolved immediately. The factors that influence poverty are population growth, economic growth, and unemployment. This observation aims to find out the relation of environment, population growth, economic growth, and unemployment on the level of poverty in Maesan Subdistrict, Bondowoso Regency. The data in this observation is secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Bondowoso Regency. The results of this observation indicate that in comparison the variables of population growth, economic growth, and unemployment, have a significant effect on the level of poverty and environment in Maesan District, Bondowoso Regency. According to the data we obtain from the field between the influence of population growth, the economy and unemployment on average the rate of growth is slow and the people are still quite backward, still need more attention for environment effect and there are concrete actions for the development of the Maesan region. Therefore the government's encouragement is very important to promote the community in Maesan District, Bondowoso Regency.

Keywords: Population Growth, Maesan, Unemployment

 

References

Basri, Faisal H. 1998. Indonesian Economy Ages in the XXI Century, Distortion, Opportunities and Constraints. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Boediono. 1993. Microeconomics. Yogyakarta: BPFE.

Ellies S. 1994. The Dimension of Poverty. Jakarta: Kumarien Press

Komariyah, Ani. 2013. Analysis of Several Factors Affecting Fishermen's Income: Case Study in Tembokrejo Village, Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency. Jember: University of Jember

Prawoto, Nano. 2005. "Understanding Poverty and Handling Strategy ". Journal of Economics and Development. Vol. 6 No. 1. FE UMY

Simanjuntak, P. 1998: Introduction to FEUI's Human Resource Economics.

Sukirno, Sadono. 1992. Introduction to Macroeconomics. Jakarta: LPFI-Press.

Widarjono, A.2013. Econometrics Theory and Application. Yogyakarta: Econisia.
Responsive Feeding-Play (Resfeed-Play) Intervention on Children Aged 6-24 Months with Malnutrition
Authors: Rahmadiyah Dwi Cahya , Setiawan Agus , Fitriyani Poppy
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Toddlers are at risk to health problems, one of which is malnutrition. One of the important determinants to toddlers’ growth is nutrition. Giving solid foods to toddlers can be done by active/responsive feeding combined with the method that best suits the stage of playing toddlers. This paper aimed to provide an overview of the intervention of Resfeed-Play as a form of community nursing intervention on 32 children aged 6-24 months with malnutrition. Implementation of the intervention Resfeed-Play was performed in families and in society in nutrition support activities.Methods: The method was quasi-experimental with one group pre-post-test design. The inclusion sample criterion was family with toddlers who suffered from malnutrition.Results: The results of evaluation of Resfeed-Play shows an increase in knowledge (24.2%), attitude and skills by 30.3% and 42.4%, respectively. After intervention of six months, the mean weight gain for toddler was 0.95Kg. Based on paired sample t-test, the weight gain is significant with a P value of 0.001 (P <0.05). Resfeed-Play intervention can increase body weight in toddlers and can address the problems of malnutrition in children under five.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, Resfeed-Play intervention is recommended to increase community empowerment through positive activities such as post-activity nutrition in order to prevent and mitigate the problem of malnutrition in toddlers.
The Influence of Peer Health Education Toward the Decreasing Risk of Heart Disease
Authors: Fikriana Riza , Afik Al
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Heart disease is the number one cause of death in Indonesia. Promotional efforts through the provision of health education and counselling through Peer Health Education is one of the primary prevention strategies that can be undertaken to prevent the occurrence of heart disease. The purpose of this study is to prove the influence of Peer Health Education in reducing the risk of heart disease.Methods: The research method used in this study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control group design. The samples were taken from 56 people using the purposive sampling technique. The first group of 28 people was the experimental group and the second group of 28 people was the control group. Before and after treatment, both groups were measured concerning their knowledge, lifestyle behaviour, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, blood cholesterol levels and risk assessment of heart disease. Data analysis was done by using the Friedman Test with a 95% significance level.Results: The results showed that Peer Health Education was able to improve the respondents' knowledge about having a healthy lifestyle, changing the behaviour of the respondents, i.e. behaviour of consuming sweet foods, controlling blood pressure and decreasing the risk of heart disease.Conclusion: Based on the result, health promotion efforts through a Peer Health Educator can continue to be done as one method to improve heart health in the community. Thus, the expectation of morbidity and mortality due to heart disease can be lowered.
Implementation of Discharge Planning in Hospital Inpatient Room by Nurses
Authors: Asmuji Asmuji , Faridah Faridah , Handayani Luh Titi
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Discharge planning is still become a problem for health services in hospital in-patient rooms. Discharge planning commonly is only done when the patients leave hospital by giving them an explanation about the content of the controlling card. Discharge planning is a routine activity that must be done by nurses in order to give information to the patients about their condition and any actions can or should be undertaken by them. In fact, the importance of discharge planning is not yet balanced, nor effectively applied in field. This research was conducted to find out about the implementation of discharge planning by nurses in one of the hospital in-patient rooms at the hospital of study.Methods: This research was a qualitative research study conducted with the phenomenological approach. The informants were 6 patients and 6 nurses in first, second and third class nursing wards. The instruments used in this research were the researchers themselves with interview guidance, field notes and a tape recorder. The data was collected through an in-depth interview.Results: There were three themes found through the analysis, which were 1) the information dimension involving room orientation, rights and obligations, and patient health problems as the sub-themes; 2) the understanding dimension with knowing and understanding the discharge planning as the sub-themes; 3) the implementation dimension with the time of implementation and content of discharge planning as the sub-themes.Discussion: Complete information given to the patients will bring about a positive impact, so then they can help themselves in relation to their curing time at home. A lack of and unclear information will bring about negative impacts such as mistakes when taking drugs, poor diet, neglecting activity while staying at home
Effects of Health Education on Leptospirosis Prevention Through Dasawisma
Authors: Mulyanti Sri , Astuti Athanasia Budi
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Globally, leptospirosis is still a major health problem in African and developing countries, including Indonesia. The best control effort is with prevention through health education. Health education with conventional methods is considered less effective, so there is a need to look for other health education methods.Methods: Aims of the research are to know the difference of effectiveness of health education methods between conventional classical method and dasawisma or peer group in (1) improvement of knowledge of leptospirosis disease prevention; (2) effectiveness in prevention of leptospirosis. Research is Quasi-Experimental research with a two-group control trial design. The sample consisted of 40 respondents treated by health education through dasawisma using a leptospirosis module as a media of Health Education, and 40 control group respondents who were given education using conventional method. Sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data were statistically analyzed with Independent T-Test.Results: (1) Meaning of treatment group = 21.77 higher than control group = 19.62 (2) Mean prevention effort of leptospirosis disease treatment group = 54.35 better than control group = 48.15 (3) Health education through dasawisma was effective to increase knowledge prevention of leptospirosis (t = 2.943; p = 0.004) (4) Health education through dasawisma was effective for increasing prevention effort of leptospirosis (t=4.695; p=0.001).Conclusion: Health education through dasawisma and leptospirosis module is significantly effective to improve knowledge of leptospirosis disease and in prevention efforts of leptospirosis.
Differences Between NRS-2002 and MUST in Relation to the Metabolic Condition of Trauma Patients
Authors: Septafani Oktaffrastya Widhamurti , Suharto Suharto , Harmayetty Harmayetty
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Flow phase with high cardiac output and increased metabolic conditions. When metabolic conditions are not stable there will be a long duration of complications until death. One of the benefits of Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS-2002) is reliable inpatient care for critical patients. While the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) shows speed in the classification of nutritional disorders.Methods: This study used the observational design method. The sampling technique in this study used Consecutive sampling in accordance with the criteria consisting of 31 respondents. This was to determine the specificity and sensitivity values of NRS 2002 and MUST using contingency table analysis and for the Area Under Curve (AUC) using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results: The sensitivity values in MUST was predicted for metabolic conditions which was higher than when using NRS 2002, but the specificity and value of AUC (Area Under Curve) was higher using NRS 2002 than using MUST when it came to predicting metabolic conditions.Conclusions: There were differences in effectiveness between use of Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) with the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) in relation to changes in metabolic conditions of trauma patients. NRS-2002 is more effective than MUST. NRS 2002 has the ability to identify patients more precisely who are likely to have a negative outcome.
Grieving as an Internal Factor of Nurse-Patient Interaction in a Dialysis Unit
Authors: Widyawati Ika Yuni , Nursalam Nursalam , Kusnanto Kusnanto , Hargono Rachmat , Hsieh Pei-Lun
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The quality of the nurse-patient interaction is one factor that affects the patient adherence, but a study that provides an overview of factors in the nurse-patient interaction in improving or maintaining dialysis patient adherence has not been found. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the various factors involved in the interaction process between nurses and patients undergoing dialysis in relation to their adherence to fluid and dietary restrictions.Methods: A qualitative research design with an interpretive phenomenology approach was used in this study. The researcher intends to interpret the findings of the research, in this case the activity of the dialysis patients, in order to get a picture of the various factors involved in the process of interaction between nurse and dialysis patient. The unit of analysis used in this study was the disclosure or exposure of the internal factors of the nurse-patient interaction process, especially in relation to fluid and dietary restrictions. There were 15 participants who were selected based on the inclusion criteria. In-depth interviews, with field notes, were used in this study as the data collection method.Results: The analysis of the theme based on the goal of the research includes grieving, needs and values/morals, but in this article, the researchers only describe one theme - grieving.Conclusion: This result provides an overview of the findings on nurse-patient interaction factors that can serve as baseline data for the development of nursing care, both in nursing assessments and interventions aimed at improving dietary adherence and the fluid restriction of dialysis patients.
Ruthenium-Based Catalytic Systems Incorporating a Labile Cyclooctadiene Ligand with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors for the Atom-Economic Alcohol Amidation Using Amines.
Authors: Chen Cheng , Miao Yang , De Winter Kimmy , Wang Hua-Jing , Demeyere Patrick , Yuan Ye , Verpoort Francis
Published: September 2018

Transition-metal-catalyzed amide bond formation from alcohols and amines is an atom-economic and eco-friendly route. Herein, we identified a highly active in situ N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)/ruthenium (Ru) catalytic system for this amide synthesis. Various substrates, including sterically hindered ones, could be directly transformed into the corresponding amides with the catalyst loading as low as 0.25 mol%. In this system, we replaced the p-cymene ligand of the Ru source with a relatively labile cyclooctadiene (cod) ligand so as to more efficiently obtain the corresponding poly-carbene Ru species. Expectedly, the weaker cod ligand could be more easily substituted with multiple mono-NHC ligands. Further HR-MS analyses revealed that two tetra-carbene complexes were probably generated from the in situ catalytic system.
Improving Seasonal Prediction of East Asian Summer Rainfall: Experiments with NESM3.0
Authors: Yang Young Min , Wang Bin , Li Juan
Published: September 2018

It has been an outstanding challenge for global climate models to simulate and predict East Asia (EA) summer monsoon (EASM) rainfall. This study evaluates the dynamical hindcast skills with the newly developed Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System Model version 3.0 (NESM3.0). To improve the poor prediction of an earlier version of NESM3.0, we have modified convective parameterization schemes to suppress excessive deep convection and enhance insufficient shallow and stratiform clouds. The new version of NESM3.0 with modified parameterizations (MOD hereafter) yields significantly improved rainfall prediction in the northern and southern China but not over the Yangtze River Valley. The improved prediction is primarily attributed to the improvements in the predicted climatological summer mean rainfall and circulations, seasonal march of the subtropical rain belt, Nino 3.4 SST anomaly, and the rainfall anomalies associated with the development and decay of El Nino events. However, the MOD still has notable biases in the predicted leading mode of interannual variability of precipitation. The leading mode captures the dry (wet) anomalies over the South China Sea (northern EA) but misplaced precipitation anomalies over the Yangtze River Valley. The model can capture the interannual variation of the circulation indices very well, but the bias in the circulation-rainfall connection caused predicted rainfall errors. The results here suggest that over EA land regions, the skillful rainfall prediction relies on not only model’s capability in predicting better summer mean and seasonal march of rainfall and ENSO teleconnection with EASM, but also accurate prediction of the leading modes of interannual variability.
Applying Transition Management for Improving Sustainability of WASH Services in Informal Settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa – An Exploration
Authors: Silvestri Giorgia , Wittmayer Julia M. , Schipper Karlijn , Kulabako Robinah , Oduro-Kwarteng Sampson , Nyenje Philipp , Komakech Hans , Lutterodt George , van Raak Roel
Published: September 2018

The unsustainability of the services related to water, sanitation and hygiene in informal settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa services is deeply embedded in current societal and governance structures, cultures and practices; it is context-dependent and involves numerous actors with different interests. The field of sustainability transitions research addresses such persistent and large scale societal challenges, with transition management being one of its widely applied governance approach. By drawing on an analysis of the root causes of unsustainability and unreliability of WASH services in three case studies in Sub-Saharan Africa (Arusha-Tanzania, Dodowa-Ghana, Kampala-Uganda), we explore how a transition management approach can be designed to support a transition towards sustainable Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Sub-Saharan Africa. We distinguish the following contextual dimensions related to the unsustainability of WASH services: a) Multiplicity of WASH practices, structures and arrangements, b) Governance capacities for WASH services and maintenance, c) Landownership for sustainable access to WASH, d) Public participation in decision-making related to WASH, e) socio-economic structures governing access to WASH. These dimensions prompt the identification of conceptual and application challenges for transition management. Based on these challenges, recommendations were formulated for the design of a prescriptive transition management process that is not only functional but also emancipatory of character.
An Extreme Learning Machine Approach to Effective Energy Disaggregation
Authors: Salerno Valerio Mario , Rabbeni Graziella
Published: September 2018

Power disaggregation aims at determining the appliance-by-appliance electricity consumption leveraging upon a single meter only, which measures the entire power demand. Data-driven procedures based on Factorial Hidden Markov Models have been proven remarkable results on energy disaggregation. Nevertheless, those procedures have various weaknesses: there is a scalability problem as the number of devices to observe raises and the algorithmic complexity of the inference step is severe. DNN architectures, such as Convolutional Neural Networks, have demonstrated to be a viable solution to deal with FHMMs shortcomings. Nonetheless, there are two significant limitations: a complicated and time-consuming training system based on back-propagation has to be employed to estimates the neural architecture parameters, and large amounts of training data covering as many operation conditions as possible need to be collected to attain top performances. In this work, we aim to overcome those limitations by leveraging upon the unique and useful characteristics of the extreme learning machine technique, which is based on a collection of randomly chosen hidden units and analytically defined output weights. Experiment evaluation has been conducted using the UK-DALE corpus. We find that the suggested approach achieves similar performances to recently proposed ANN-based methods and outperforms FHMMs. Besides, our solution generalises well to unseen houses.
O Balanced Scorecard do Ministério Público da União: peculiaridades e inter-relações dos mapas estratégicos
Authors: Bandeira Herivânio Torres , Gonçalves Ferreira Amorim Tania Nobre
Published: September 2018

Com o objetivo de aprimorar a gestão estratégica, proporcionando instrumentos capazes de mensurar o desempenho organizacional, a partir do final do Século XX, diversos órgãos da administração pública passaram a elaborar e implementar planejamentos estratégicos. Na esteira da modernização de sua gestão, o Ministério Público da União (MPU), sob a orientação do Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público (CNMP) e utilizando-se da metodologia empregada no Balanced Scorecard (BSC), passou a implementar planejamentos estratégicos no âmbito dos seus ramos institucionais que são compostos da seguinte forma: Ministério Público Federal (MPF), Ministério Público do Trabalho (MPT), Ministério Público Militar (MPM) e Ministério Público do Distrito Federal e Territórios (MPFDT). Neste contexto, a pesquisa que originou este estudo teve por objetivo investigar as peculiaridades dos mapas estratégicos construídos pelos ramos do MPU, para identificar se ocorreu o alinhamento preconizado pelo CNMP com vistas a melhorar a gestão e a prestação dos serviços à sociedade, com o uso do BSC. Para alcançar o objetivo, foi realizada análise do conteúdo de cada mapa estratégico coletado, abordando cinco grandes pontos: se o mapa apresenta o período definido para o alcance dos objetivos; se apresenta missão, visão e valores da instituição bem definidos; as perspectivas do mapa; as adaptações feitas na perspectiva financeira do BSC; e a substituição/adaptação da perspectiva clientes. Ao final das análises, evidenciou-se que os mapas estratégicos foram elaborados conforme recomendações e preceitos da literatura acerca do tema, que a maioria dos resultados foram alcançados e que houve a devida adaptação das perspectivas do BSC para a realidade das instituições públicas estudadas. Apesar de o estudo ter abordado apenas os ramos do MPU, seus achados podem servir de base para estudos que abordem a temática, por terem evidenciado peculiaridades dos mapas estratégicos estudados.
Musculoskeletal Health Complaints and Corresponding Risk Factors Among Music Students: Study Process, Analysis Strategies, and Interim Results from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ballenberger Nikolaus , Möller Dirk , Zalpour Christoff
Published: September 2018

AIM: In this prospective longitudinal study, the physical and psychological health status of music students is assessed at the beginning of their university music study and tracked over time. Analysis strategies and interim results from the first-year cohort, including 1-year incidences,
monthly prevalences, and predictors of developing musculoskeletal health complaints (MHC), are presented. METHODS: This prospective longitudinal study is calculated to enlist a total sample of 370 participants, including musicians and non-musicians, over 5 years. Baseline measurements include
a self-designed questionnaire, core strength endurance, hypermobility, finger-floor-distance, motor control, mechanosensitivity, health-related quality of life (SF36), and stress and coping inventory (SCI). The occurrence of MHC is based on monthly online questionnaires. RESULTS: The first-year
subcohort enrolled 33 music students and 30 non-music control students. The mean monthly completion rate for the questionnaire was 55.7±8.7%. At baseline, music students showed significantly more stress symptoms, reduced physical function¬ing, and increased bodily pain compared
to control students. The 1-year incidence of MHC was 59% for music students and 44% for controls. Risk factors for MHC included being a music student, previous pain, reduced physical functioning, stress symptoms, reduced emotional functioning, and mechanosensitivity. Being a music student,
physical functioning, sleep duration, positive thinking, and general mechanosensitivity had a predictive ability of 0.77 (ROC curve) for MHC. CONCLUSION: A total of 63 students enrolled in the first cohort is in line with the precalculated sample size. This prospective study design enables
the measurement of MHC incidence and provides insight into mechanisms in the development of MHC among music students, including the interaction of physical, psychological, and psychosocial factors.
Challenges Faced by Woodwind Players in Malaysia While Fasting During Ramadan: A Case Study
Authors: Lonsdale Karen A , Abadi Fariba H
Published: September 2018

While numerous studies have investigated associations between Ramadan fasting and sports performance, as well as general health, little is known about the experiences of musicians who play while fasting. This exploratory case study aimed to gain a better understanding of the experiences
of tertiary-level woodwind players who practice, rehearse, and perform while fasting. Sixteen undergraduate woodwind players from two Malaysian university music faculties completed an 11-item questionnaire, as well as a 7-day food and playing diary, which formed the basis for a semi-structured
interview. Their experiences were compared with previous studies of fasting athletes. Many participants stated that practicing from noon to 3:00 pm was difficult due to feeling thirsty, hungry, tired, and exhausted, with some experiencing a dry mouth and/or lips. By 3:00 to 6:00 pm, some had
difficulty focusing and felt tired, dizzy, or lacked energy to practice. Many felt more comfortable playing after breaking the fast or after eating sahur. The majority experienced positive impacts such as increased focus and efficiency while practicing. This study suggests that fasting woodwind
players would benefit from practicing in the morning and after sunset, limiting their practice time in the afternoon, not skipping sahur, and ensuring adequate hydration during sunset and sunrise.
MACRO DETERMINANTS OF THE REAL EXCHANGE RATE IN A SMALL OPEN SMALL ISLAND ECONOMY: EVIDENCE FROM MAURITIUS VIA BMA
Authors: Njindan Iyke Bernard
Published: September 2018

We assess the robust macro determinants of the real exchange rate in Mauritius under model uncertainty by utilizing Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA). We introduce a broader range of potential macro determinants of the real exchange rate in Mauritius. Then we tackle the issue of model uncertainty when identifying these macro determinants of the real exchange rate by exploring the impact of different priors on the model size, and different priors on model coefficients on the posterior estimates. We identify the real money supply, and the real productivity to be the robust macro determinants of the real exchange rate in Mauritius. Their coefficient signs are also theoretically consistent. The real money supply impact on the real exchange rate negatively, whereas the real productivity impact on it positively. Our results remain robust to different priors on the model size, and to different priors on model coefficients.
Dynamic Changes of Eight Bioactive Constituents in Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex Based on UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS Combined with Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Zhao Hui , Yan Ying , Chai Chuan , Zou Li-Si , Liu Xun-hong , Wang Sheng-Nan , Hua Yu-Jiao
Published: September 2018

Background:

Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine
with vast clinical consumption owing to its positive effects. However, little attention has been devoted
to analyzing the dynamic changes of the chemical constituents of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex in
different growth periods.

Methods:

In this study, all analyses were performed on UFLC -20ADXR system and a SynergiTM
Hydro-RP 100 Å column (100 mm×2.0 mm, 2.5µm). The mobile phase consisted of water containing
0.1% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid (B). The target constituents, including
two lignans, two alkaloids, two flavonoids, one phenylpropanoid glycoside, and one organic acid,
were analyzed in both positive and negative ion modes with accurate and sensitive multiple reaction
monitoring (MRM) mode.

Results:

The correlation coefficients of all the calibration curves were higher than 0.9992. Relative
standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precisions of the eight analytes were all lower than 4.01%
and the recoveries were in the range from 98.62% to 102.46%. Grey relational analysis was performed
to evaluate the samples according to the contents of 8 constituents. The results showed that the quality
of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex collected at traditional harvest time was much better, and the higher the
age, the better the quality.

Conclusion:

The proposed method is useful for the assessment on the quality of Magnoliae Officinalis
Cortex, and this study provides the basis for exploring the quality forming mechanism of Magnoliae
Officinalis Cortex medicinal materials and choosing the suitable harvesting period.
Changing the Concept of Type 2 Diabetes: Beta Cell Workload Hypothesis Revisited
Authors: Saisho Yoshifumi
Published: September 2018

Background:

Despite a number of innovations in anti-diabetic drugs and substantial improvement in diabetes care, the number of people with diabetes continues to increase, suggesting further need to explore novel approaches to prevent diabetes. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. However, insulin resistance, usually a consequence of obesity, is often emphasized and the role of beta cell dysfunction in T2DM is less appreciated.  Objective and Results: This paper summarizes recent evidence showing the importance of beta cell dysfunction in T2DM and refines the “beta cell workload hypothesis”, emphasizing the importance of beta cell preservation for the prevention and management of T2DM.

Conclusion:

It is hoped that this novel concept will foster a better understanding of the pathophysiology of T2DM by not only medical staff and patients with diabetes, but also the general population, and encourage more people to adhere to a healthy lifestyle, eventually resulting in “stopping diabetes”.
Contaminación ¡Otra vez!
Authors: Zárraga Juan Carlos
Published: September 2018

La sección DE LOS ESTUDIANTES recoge material escritopor estudiantes de las carreras del área química...
Los cloro flúoralcanos
Authors: Méndez Stivalet José Manuel
Published: September 2018

El nombre correcto para los compuestos con fórmula general CxClyFzes el de cloro flúoralcanos, donde los nombres particulares dependerán, en cada caso, de los valores de x, y, z. Por ejemplo, el C2C13F3 es un triclom trifiúoretano...
El método de McCabe-Thiele según lo impartía el maestro Estanislao Ramírez
Authors: Urbina del Raso Alberto
Published: September 2018

El trabajo "Graphical Design of Fractionating Columns" fue presentado por sus autores W.L. McCabe y E. W. Thiele ante la American Chemical Society en abril de 1925 y publicado en la revista Industrial and Engineering Chemistry en junio del mismo año.
La máquina de vapor y la termodinámica
Authors: Cárdenas Ramírez Alberto
Published: September 2018

En este artículo se presentan algunos de los razonamientos que realizó Sadi Carnot con respecto a la máquina de vapor en el primer cuarto del siglo pasado, y que lo llevaron a ser considerado uno de los pioneros en el desarrollo de la teoría termodinámica.
Fuente de alcanos gaseosos para la enseñanza práctica
Authors: Ruíz Loyola Benjamín , Izquierdo S. Cecilia , Marambio Dennett Eduardo
Published: September 2018

Se propone como fuente de alcanos gaseo sos para utilizarlos en la enseñanza práctica, el empleo de gas de encendedores para cigarrillos. Se efectúan los siguientes experimentos: verificación de la ausencia de compuestos insaturados en alcanos gaseosos utilizando KMnO,; demostración de la no combustión de alcanos en ausencia de oxígeno aplicando una chispa eléctrica; y comparación de la velocidad de sustitución cuando se utilizan bromo y yodo para halogenar alcanos. Se concluye que es posible realizar experimentos con alcanos gaseosos, algo poco común en los laboratorios de química orgánica a nivel licenciatura.
Afinidades electrónicas y periodicidad
Authors: Vivier Bunge Annik , Ortiz Elba
Published: September 2018

En los últimos años han ocurrido cambios importantes en el conocimiento de las afinidades electrónicas de los átomos, algunos de ellos en contradicción con los datos reportados en los libros de texto. En este trabajo se discuten estos casos, en particular el de los aniones de los elementos alcalinotérreos, y se señalan excepciones a las reglas de llenado de los orbitales que ocurren en las configuraciones de ciertos iones negativos. También se enfatiza la falta de periodicidad de los valores de las afinidades electrónicas.
La química y el tiempo. Reacciones reloj
Authors: Cortés Fernando
Published: September 2018

¿Podemos los químicos explicar por qué algunas plantas abren sus flores, en preparación para el día, una hora antes de la salida del Sol cuando todavía reina la oscuridad?..
Aceptar el reto: nuevas direcciones de la ciencia y la tecnología en los programas de educación secundaria en Alberta, Canadá
Authors: Panwar Raja
Published: September 2018

El público exige mucho del sistema educativo. El reto para quienes actualmente se dedican a la planeación de los programas escolares es encontrar formas eficaces de responder a aquellas exigencias y, al mismo tiempo, recurrir a la mejor teoría y práctica educativas...
Información y educación: algunas reflexiones
Authors: Montaño Aubert Eduardo
Published: September 2018

Entre estudiantes y profesores he notado confusiones, falta de claridad y escaso conocimiento de temas relacionados con la información y sus relaciones con la adquisición de conocimientos en la educación y con el avance de los mismos en la investigación.
Polímeros
Authors: Gamboa Suárez Antonio
Published: September 2018

¿Podemos imaginar cómo sería nuestro mundo sin la existencia de plásticos, hules, pinturas y fibras sintéticas? La mayoría de los objetos que nos rodean y que utilizamos en la vida cotidiana están hechos o tienen partes elaboradas con alguno de estos productos y nos parece tan familiar su existencia que no nos ponemos a pensar cómo llegaron a existir ni de qué están formados.
Cómo hacer presentaciones efectivas
Authors: Peralta Rodríguez René Darío
Published: September 2018

¿Quién es el cliente? Cuando nos invitan (o nos toca) dar un seminario o vamos a un congreso a presentar un trabajo, nuestros clientes son la audiencia ante quienes hablamos. Es a ellos a quienes les queremos vender nuestra presentación, es decir, mantener su interés en el tema que estamos tratando. No debemos de aburrirlos con una monotonía intrascendente ni de cansarlos con detalles que no son relevantes para la idea que deseamos transmitir.
Revista educativa con problemas ¿sociedad en crisis?
Authors: Garritz Andoni
Published: September 2018

Lo más grave que aqueja a la revista es cierta afluencia baja de artículos sometidos a publicación. La solución podría ser simple: aceptar todos los escritos que se rechazan o incorporar en la mitad de la revista traducciones de artículos ya aparecidos en otra parte, cuestión que el Consejo Editorial ha minimizado por política editorial. No encuentro peor burla para el lector en estas soluciones supuestas.