bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Tunable Micro-Lenses with a Versatile Optical Measuring System
Authors: Merlo Sabina , Crisà Eleonora , Giusti Domenico , Ferrera Marco , Soldo Marco
Published: December 2018

In this work, we present the results of the opto–electro–mechanical characterization of tunable micro-lenses, Tlens®, performed with a single-spot optical measuring system. Tested devices are composed of a transparent soft polymer layer that is deposited on a supporting glass substrate and is covered by a glass membrane with a thin-film piezoelectric actuator on top. Near-infrared optical low-coherence reflectometry is exploited for both static and low-frequency dynamic analyses in the time domain. Optical thickness of the layers and of the overall structure, actuation efficiency, and hysteretic behavior of the piezo-actuator as a function of driving voltage are obtained by processing the back-reflected signal in different ways. The use of optical sources with relatively short coherence lengths allows performing interferometric measurements without spurious resonance effects due to multiple parallel interfaces, furthermore, selecting the plane/layer to be monitored. We finally report results of direct measurements of Tlens® optical power as a function of driving voltage, performed by redirecting a He-Ne laser beam on the lens and monitoring the focused spot at various distances with a digital camera.
Researching Culture through Big Data: Computational Engineering and the Human and Social Sciences
Authors: Martinho Teresa Duarte
Published: December 2018

The emergence of big data and data science has caused the human and social sciences to reconsider their aims, theories, and methods. New forms of inquiry into culture have arisen, reshaping quantitative methodologies, the ties between theory and empirical work. The starting point for this article is two influential approaches which have gained a strong following, using computational engineering for the study of cultural phenomena on a large scale: ‘distant reading’ and ‘cultural analytics’. The aim is to show the possibilities and limitations of these approaches in the pursuit of scientific knowledge. The article also focuses on statistics of culture, where integration of big data is challenging procedures. The article concludes that analyses of extensive corpora based on computing may offer significant clues and reveal trends in research on culture. It argues that the human and social sciences, in joining up with computational engineering, need to continue to exercise their ability to perceive societal issues, contextualize objects of study, and discuss the symbolic meanings of extensive worlds of artefacts and discourses. In this way, they may help to overcome the perceived restrictions of large-scale analysis such as the limited attention given to individual actors and the meanings of their actions.
Statistical Inference for Progressive Stress Accelerated Life Testing with Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution
Authors: Sha Naijun
Published: December 2018

As a result of the two-parameter Birnbaum–Saunders (BS) distribution being successful in modelling fatigue failure times, several extensions of this model have been explored from different aspects. In this article, we consider a progressive stress accelerated life testing for the BS model to introduce a generalized Birnbaum–Saunders (we call it Type-II GBS) distribution on the lifetime of products in the test. We outline some interesting properties of this highly flexible distribution, present the Fisher’s information in the maximum likelihood estimation method, and propose a new Bayesian approach for inference. Simulation studies are carried out to assess the performance of the methods under various settings of parameter values and sample sizes. Real data are analyzed for illustrative purposes to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed Bayesian method over the likelihood-based procedure.
What Affects Chinese Residents’ Perceptions of Climate Change?
Authors: Wu Jinjia , Qu Jiansheng , Li Hengji , Xu Li , Zhang Hongfen , Aryal Suman , Zeng Jingjing , Fan Yujie , Wei Qin , Liu Xiafei
Published: December 2018

The theme of global sustainable development has changed from environmental management to climate governance, and relevant policies on climate governance urgently need to be implemented by the public. The public understanding of climate change has become the prerequisite and basis for implementing various climate change policies. In order to explore the affected factors of climate change perception among Chinese residents, this study was conducted across 31 provinces and regions of China through field household surveys and interviews. Combined with the residents’ perception of climate change with the possible affected factors, the related factors affecting Chinese residents’ perception of climate change were explored. The results show that the perceptive level of climate change of Chinese residents is related to the education level and the household size of residents. Improving public awareness of climate change risk in the context of climate change through multiple channels will also help to improve residents’ awareness of climate change. On the premise of improving the level of national education, improving education on climate change in school education and raising awareness of climate change risk among dependents will help to improve the level of Chinese residents’ awareness of climate change, which could be instrumental in promoting public participation in climate change mitigation and adaptation actions.
Spatial Analysis of Accidental Oil Spills Using Heterogeneous Data: A Case Study from the North-Eastern Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Durango-Cordero Juan , Saqalli Mehdi , Laplanche Christophe , Locquet Marine , Elger Arnaud
Published: December 2018

Accidental oil spills were assessed in the north-eastern Ecuadorian Amazon, a rich biodiversity and cultural heritage area. Institutional reports were used to estimate oil spill volumes over the period 2001–2011. However, we had to make with heterogeneous and incomplete data. After statistically discriminating well- and poorly-documented oil blocks, some spill factors were derived from the former to spatially allocate oil spills where fragmentary data were available. Spatial prediction accuracy was assessed using similarity metrics in a cross-validation approach. Results showed 464 spill events (42.2/year), accounting for 10,000.2 t of crude oil, equivalent to annual discharges of 909.1 (±SD = 1219.5) t. Total spill volumes increased by 54.8% when spill factors were used to perform allocation to poorly-documented blocks. Resulting maps displayed pollution ‘hotspots’ in Dayuma and Joya de Los Sachas, with the highest inputs averaging 13.8 t km−2 year−1. The accuracy of spatial prediction ranged from 32 to 97%, depending on the metric and the weight given to double-zeros. Simulated situations showed that estimation accuracy depends on variabilities in incident occurrences and in spill volumes per incident. Our method is suitable for mapping hazards and risks in sensitive ecosystems, particularly in areas where incomplete data hinder this process.
Sustainable Tourism Planning for Taiwanese in Administrative Effects with Respect to Chinese Arrivals
Authors: Tsaur Ruey-Chyn , Chen Chyoug-Hwa
Published: December 2018

It has been a crucial achievement for most of the destinations to open up and develop a new inbound market, which means a great opportunity to increase the arrivals and economic benefits. The mighty Chinese outbound market is a welcomed resource but not always the assurance of the economics growth and industries’ profits. While foreseeing the excessive arrivals and low-price groups are harmful to the tourism business and society, the criticism and negative impression shall be prevented in advance. With the considerations of sustainable tourism and a good relationship with China, Taiwan has established a comprehensive administrative tourism mechanism on receptions of travel agencies. The unique mechanism was designed to foster the healthy business models, to construct the win-win political and economic situations, and to ease the possible impacts. By applying the Importance–Performance Analysis, this study reveals the administrative direction that needs to be revised. Among these control requests, the reasonable group fee is the key to fitting the anticipation of receptions of travel agencies. This study further proposes the Importance–Support Analysis and Importance–Performance–Support Analysis frames to enhance the validity of the Importance.
Synergistic Passivation of Fly Ash and TMT on Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge
Authors: Wang Dong-Fang , Li Shi-He , Wang Xian-Qing , Li Ling-Xu , Zhang Xuan
Published: December 2018

Large amounts of fly ash and sewage sludge are produced annually in China. The treatment and disposal of such byproducts have become urgent problems that need to be solved. In order to achieve the possibility of realizing land applications for sewage sludge, fly ash and trimercapto-s-triazine trisodium salt (TMT) were used as immobilizing agents, and their passivation effects on four kinds of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were evaluated. The results showed that the resulting sewage sludge met Chinese standard GB/T23486-2009. When the addition was 10–20% fly ash or 0.4–0.6% TMT, the optimum immobilization effect was obtained. The synergistic passivation of 20% fly ash +0.5% TMT was superior to that of either fly ash or TMT alone. The addition of sewage sludge during the ryegrass growth process significantly increased the plant height, the number of tillers, the chlorophyll content, and the biomass of the ryegrass over the brown soil. The adverse effect of the heavy metals on the ryegrass growth could be alleviated by the passivation effect of fly ash and TMT. The immobilization performance of the fly ash was mainly due to the formation of precipitation and the ion exchange, while that of TMT was due to chelate precipitation.
An Analysis of a Repetitive News Display Phenomenon in the Digital News Ecosystem
Authors: Kwak Kyu Tae , Hong Seong Choul , Lee Sang Woo
Published: December 2018

In South Korea, approximately 88.5% of online users have obtained news and information from news aggregators such as Naver and Daum. Since most users read news on the internet, a new type of tabloid journalism, referred to as “news abuse,” has emerged in South Korea. “News abuse” is jargon used in South Korea to mean the repetitive display of news by online news publishers. “News abuse” is similar to “clickbait” in its use of clickbait headline links to attract online users’ attention and encourage them to click on links. This study explores the characteristics of news abusing phenomena in South Korea. With content analysis of 2101 articles (609 stories for soft news and 1402 stories for hard news), we attempt to investigate when news abuse saliently occurs and to whom news abusing is attributed. Our results show that news abuse is prevalent among South Korean newspapers during the first three hours after initial news reports are made and when people have time to rest after lunch between noon and 3 p.m. Moreover, the highest percentage of news abuse of soft news was found among tabloid daily newspapers, while that of hard news was found among daily newspapers. In addition, intermedia news abuse was more frequently utilized than intramedia news abuse. The percentage of intermedia abuse, in particular, was higher in general daily newspapers and business newspapers than in other news media platforms. By contrast, the percentage of intramedia news abuse was significantly higher in 24-h news channels. News abuse may be a side effect of news aggregation in the division of labor of news production and news distribution. More steps are required to decrease news abuse, which will lead to maintenance of a healthy digital news ecosystem and development of the news aggregation business.
Predictors of Quality Internship Programs—The Case of Romanian Business and Administration University Education
Authors: Marinaș Cristian Virgil , Goia (Agoston) Simona Irina , Igreț Ramona Ștefania , Marinaș Laura Elena
Published: December 2018

To a large extent, research regarding internship programs emphasizes their crucial role in the future career of students. Business professionals and educators acknowledge the positive influence in the engagement of companies towards future potential employees. However, the quality of these internship programs in Romania is sometimes questionable and further research is needed in the field. Our paper aims at identifying and analyzing the main factors which influence the quality of an internship program from Romanian business and administration students’ perspective. The findings and analysis of the current paper are based on a survey conducted on 458 undergraduate and master students of the Bucharest University of Economic Studies. By acknowledging these qualitative factors, third parties such as policy makers in educational sector, universities, and companies receive important information to better organize internships in order to meet students’ expectations and discover real high potential candidates.
The Active Power Losses in the Road Lighting Installation with Dimmable LED Luminaires
Authors: Sikora Roman , Markiewicz Przemysław , Pabjańczyk Wiesława
Published: December 2018

In accordance with the requirements of PN EN 13201-5 standard for road lighting installation, energy performance indicators should be descripted. In order to calculate energy performance indicators, it is necessary to know the active power of the road lighting system. The above standard does not specify whether active power losses should be taken into account in calculations. The main purpose of the article is to estimate the active power losses in the road lighting installation. The article presents methods for calculating active power losses, taking into account losses in all main elements of the installation. The obtained calculation results show the relationship between active power losses and the power of luminaires, their number and spacing between poles. Calculations of active power losses were made for single-phase and three-phase installations. The active power losses in a three-phase system do not exceed 1.5% and in a single-phase installation they may be greater than 7%. Therefore, in order to obtain exact values of energy performance indicators (and also predict electricity consumption), active power losses should be taken into account in calculations. In addition, a comparative analysis of the effect of luminaires dimming and active power losses on annual CO2 emissions was made. Not taking into account the active power losses in the calculation of the lighting installation’s power, for single-phase installations in particular, understates the calculated value of CO2 emissions by more than 6%.
From Health Technology Assessment to Health Technology Sustainability
Authors: Iandolo Francesca , Vito Pietro , Fulco Irene , Loia Francesca
Published: December 2018

This paper aims to propose a methodological lens to the assessment of technological innovations in healthcare based on the principles of social, economic, and political sustainability. Starting from the consideration of a lack of a unified interpretative framework of health technology assessment, using a content analysis of the relevant literature on the topic, we identified both the scientific perspectives adopted by the scholars and the most widely discussed topics. Consequently, the less explored scientific areas were framed, and, therefore, those more susceptible to further investigation came to light. The result is an overall picture which highlights the absence of unified and generally accepted approaches to evaluation, together with the lack of awareness on the fact that the multiplicity of methods adopted is essentially connected to the multiplicity of innovations, for each of which a method (or a set of methods) of preferable evaluation can be prefigured. Based on these observations, we propose a general reference framework for evaluation, based on the Viable Systems Approach (vSa), and a schematic outline of the connections between the complexity of innovations and the evaluation methodologies.
An Evaluation of Input–Output Value for Sustainability in a Chinese Steel Production System Based on Emergy Analysis
Authors: Ma Fengjiao , Eneji A. Egrinya , Wu Yanbin
Published: December 2018

The social investment, natural resource consumption, and pollutant emissions involved in steel production can be evaluated comprehensively using the emergy analysis. We explored the sustainability of the steel production system from four aspects: input index, output index, input–output index, and sustainability index. The results showed that the maximum inputs were the intermediate product/recyclable materials produced within the production line; energy sources were mainly non-renewable and the emergy value of pollutants discharged was rather low. The environmental load rate of the pelletizing and sintering processes were the highest and the proportion of recycled materials for puddling and steel-making were the highest. The emergy investment rate of rolling was the highest; the emergy value of the pollutants discharged in each process was very small, and the emergy yield ratio was highest in the rolling process. Pelletizing, sintering, and steel-making were input consuming processes, but the sustainability index of puddling and rolling processes was sound. The whole process line can be sustainable, considering the useful intermediate and recyclable products.
Symmetry Identities of Changhee Polynomials of Type Two
Authors: Jeong Joohee , Kang Dong-Jin , Rim Seog-Hoon
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we consider Changhee polynomials of type two, which are motivated from the recent work of D. Kim and T. Kim. We investigate some symmetry identities for the Changhee polynomials of type two which are derived from the properties of symmetry for the fermionic p-adic integral on Z p .
An Eigenvalue Inclusion Set for Matrices with a Constant Main Diagonal Entry
Authors: Zhang Weiqian , Li Chaoqian
Published: December 2018

A set to locate all eigenvalues for matrices with a constant main diagonal entry is given, and it is proved that this set is tighter than the well-known Geršgorin set, the Brauer set and the set proposed in (Linear and Multilinear Algebra, 60:189-199, 2012). Furthermore, by applying this result to Toeplitz matrices as a subclass of matrices with a constant main diagonal, we obtain a set including all eigenvalues of Toeplitz matrices.
Pathogen at the Gates: Human Cytomegalovirus Entry and Cell Tropism
Authors: Nguyen Christopher C. , Kamil Jeremy P.
Published: December 2018

The past few years have brought substantial progress toward understanding how human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) enters the remarkably wide spectrum of cell types and tissues that it infects. Neuropilin-2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) were identified as receptors, respectively, for the trimeric and pentameric glycoprotein H/glycoprotein L (gH/gL) complexes that in large part govern HCMV cell tropism, while CD90 and CD147 were also found to play roles during entry. X-ray crystal structures for the proximal viral fusogen, glycoprotein B (gB), and for the pentameric gH/gL complex (pentamer) have been solved. A novel virion gH complex consisting of gH bound to UL116 instead of gL was described, and findings supporting the existence of a stable complex between gH/gL and gB were reported. Additional work indicates that the pentamer promotes a mode of cell-associated spread that resists antibody neutralization, as opposed to the trimeric gH/gL complex (trimer), which appears to be broadly required for the infectivity of cell-free virions. Finally, viral factors such as UL148 and US16 were identified that can influence the incorporation of the alternative gH/gL complexes into virions. We will review these advances and their implications for understanding HCMV entry and cell tropism.
Vertical and Horizontal Transmission of Pospiviroids
Authors: Matsushita Yosuke , Yanagisawa Hironobu , Sano Teruo
Published: December 2018

Viroids are highly structured, single-stranded, non-protein-coding circular RNA pathogens. Some viroids are vertically transmitted through both viroid-infected ovule and pollen. For example, potato spindle tuber viroid, a species that belongs to Pospiviroidae family, is delivered to the embryo through the ovule or pollen during the development of reproductive tissues before embryogenesis. In addition, some of Pospiviroidae are also horizontally transmitted by pollen. Tomato planta macho viroid in pollen infects to the ovary from pollen tube during pollen tube elongation and eventually causes systemic infection, resulting in the establishment of horizontal transmission. Furthermore, fertilization is not required to accomplish the horizontal transmission. In this review, we will overview the recent research progress in vertical and horizontal transmission of viroids, mainly by focusing on histopathological studies, and also discuss the impact of seed transmission on viroid dissemination and seed health.
Impact of Lake Morphology and Shallowing on the Rate of Overgrowth in Hard-Water Eutrophic Lakes
Authors: Lawniczak-Malińska Agnieszka , Ptak Mariusz , Celewicz Sofia , Choiński Adam
Published: December 2018

Lake disappearance is one of the results of water eutrophication which leads to lake shallowing and overgrowth, and small and shallow lakes are the most threatened with degradation. We studied the effect of lake shallowing on its overgrowth, taking into account the morphometric parameters of water bodies. The study was performed in 20 lakes located in the central west part of Poland. The degree of lake shallowing was evaluated on the basis of bathymetric maps made in the 1960s and studies carried out presently. Additionally, an analysis of littoral coverage and macrophyte growth forms was investigated. Moreover, the composition, intensity of phytoplankton blooming, and physico-chemical parameters of the lake water were analyzed. Redundancy analysis shows that the lake volume, average depth, shallowing rate, and change in volume were the parameters that most strongly correlated with the share of macrophytes in the lakes. According to the regression analysis, the share of emergent macrophytes was significantly correlated with lake shallowing. No relation was found between phytoplankton abundance and lake shallowing. Conversely, the lakes with the highest rate of shallowing were characterized by the greatest share of vegetation, which suggested that vegetation growth had a significant impact on lake shallowing.
Assessment of Sulfate Radical-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: A Review
Authors: Guerra-Rodríguez Sonia , Rodríguez Encarnación , Singh Devendra , Rodríguez-Chueca Jorge
Published: December 2018

High oxidation potential as well as other advantages over other tertiary wastewater treatments have led in recent years to a focus on the development of advanced oxidation processes based on sulfate radicals (SR-AOPs). These radicals can be generated from peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and persulfate (PS) through various activation methods such as catalytic, radiation or thermal activation. This review manuscript aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the different methods for PS and PMS activaton, as well as the different applications of this technology in the field of water and wastewater treatment. Although its most widespread application is the elimination of micropollutants, its use for the disinfection of wastewater is gaining increasing interest. In addition, the possibility of combining this technology with ultrafiltration membranes to improve the water quality and lifespan of the membranes has also been discussed. Finally, a brief economic analysis of this technology has been undertaken and the different attempts made to implement it at full-scale have been summarized. As a result, this review tries to be useful for all those people working in that area.
Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Water and Salt Movement in the Vadose Zone at Salt-Impacted Sites
Authors: Bashir Rashid , Pastora Chevez Eric
Published: December 2018

Oilfield-produced brine is a major source of salt contamination in soil and groundwater. Salt transport in the upper soil layers is controlled by the atmospheric interactions via infiltration of meteoritic water. In lower layers, it is controlled by fluctuations in the groundwater table, which are also linked to atmospheric interactions via groundwater recharge. Therefore, climate is an important factor in the movement of contaminants in the unsaturated zone. A one-dimensional variably saturated flow and transport model with soil atmospheric boundary conditions was used to estimate the effect of climate type and soil texture on soil water and salt dynamics in variably saturated soils. Numerical simulations were run with Hydrus-1D, using daily climate data. Simulations were run for nine-year climate datasets for different ecoclimatic locations in Alberta, Canada. Results indicated that coarse-grained materials are good evaporation barriers, resulting in water gain conditions at the ground surface, irrespective of the climate type. However, the quantity of water gain and associated advective fluxes are a function of climate. Results also indicated that flow and transport in fine-textured soils is more dependent on the climate type. For fine-grained soils in arid climatic conditions, net water loss at the ground surface and upward migration of salt can be expected. For wetter climates, the upward migration of salt is less probable.
Infiltration and Anti-Filtration Recharge-Pumping Well and Laboratory Recharge Tests
Authors: Li Yuxi , Li Wanglin , He Jiapeng , Zhang Xiaojiao , Li Xinyi
Published: December 2018

Infiltration and anti-filtration recharge-pumping wells (hereinafter, referred to as IAF recharge-pumping wells) can enable rain-flood flowing in rivers or channel recharge to aquifers, in flood periods, and pump groundwater to be utilized in non-flood periods. In this study, a round IAF recharge-pumping well and a square IAF recharge-pumping well were developed, the structure and characteristic were introduced, the calculation equations of single-well recharge quantity of IAF recharge-pumping wells, in unconfined aquifers were deduced, and the steady-state flow recharge test was conducted in the laboratory. The conclusions were as follows. The theoretical equation of the single-well recharge quantity was reasonable. Compared to existing anti-filtration recharge wells, the new IAF recharge-pumping well had stronger anti-deposit and anti-scour abilities and the single-well recharge quantity increased by 400%. Compared to the square IAF recharge-pumping well, the round IAF recharge-pumping well had a better inlet flow pattern and a larger single-well recharge quantity. With an increase in the test times, the single-well recharge quantity gradually decreased and tended to be stable. The existence of the pumping pipe had a little influence on the single-well recharge quantity.
Sensitivity Analysis to Investigate the Reliability of the Grid-Based Rainfall-Runoff Model
Authors: Shin Mun-Ju , Choi Yun Seok
Published: December 2018

This study aimed to assess the suitability of the parameters of a physically based, distributed, grid-based rainfall-runoff model. We analyzed parameter sensitivity with a dataset of eight rainfall events that occurred in two catchments of South Korea, using the Sobol’ method. Parameters identified as sensitive responded adequately to the scale of the rainfall events and the objective functions employed. Parameter sensitivity varied depending on rainfall scale, even in the same catchment. Interestingly, for a rainfall event causing considerable runoff, parameters related to initial soil saturation and soil water movement played a significant role in low flow calculation and high flow calculation, respectively. The larger and steeper catchment exhibited a greater difference in parameter sensitivity between rainfall events. Finally, we found that setting an incorrect parameter range that is physically impossible can have a large impact on runoff simulation, leading to substantial uncertainty in the simulation results. The proposed analysis method and the results from our study can help researchers using a distributed rainfall-runoff model produce more reliable analysis results.
Femtosecond laser-assisted fabrication of chalcopyrite micro-concentrator photovoltaics
Authors: Ringleb Franziska , Andree Stefan , Heidmann Berit , Bonse Jörn , Eylers Katharina , Ernst Owen , Boeck Torsten , Schmid Martina , Krüger Jörg
Published: December 2018

Micro-concentrator solar cells offer an attractive way to further enhance the efficiency of planar-cell technologies while saving absorber material. Here, two laser-based bottom-up processes for the fabrication of regular arrays of CuInSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 microabsorber islands are presented, namely one approach based on nucleation and one based on laser-induced forward transfer. Additionally, a procedure for processing these microabsorbers to functioning micro solar cells connected in parallel is demonstrated. The resulting cells show up to 2.9% efficiency and a significant efficiency enhancement under concentrated illumination.
ANALYSIS OF POSSIBILITY OF USING NEURAL NETWORK TO FORECAST PASSENGER TRAFFIC FLOWS IN RUSSIA
Authors: Blinova Tatiana O.
Published: December 2018

At present the problem of forecasting passenger transport demand is of immense importance for air transport producers as well as for investors since investment efficiency is greatly affected by the accuracy and adequacy of the estimation performed. The aim of the present research is to analyze the possibility of using a neural network approach to forecast the expansion of the air‐transport network in Russia.
REVIVING CONTEMPORARY URBAN DESIGN: CASE OF HISTORIC CITY SULTANPUR LODHI, PUNJAB, INDIA
Authors: Sharma Vikas Chand
Published: December 2018

Cities have a long and varied urban history, but cities in developing countries have had a relatively brief experience with the modern city. What are the current urban ideas of Indian Cities? How does this ideology affect modern city design? And how is city design related to traditional City design of related province? These questions have led the author to undertake this study. Urban planning and Designing into towns is the beginning of the difficulties of cities’ futures. Whether the main problem is the way of designing and planning or the policy of increasing the population, what New Towns today mainly suffer is the lack of identity and the differentiation between other cities.“For Indian cities, need of multiple models for well-functioning cities with some common ingredients, including a commitment to equality of opportunity, smart designs for upcoming cities, improved housing facilities, smart designs for upcoming cities and a drive to improve the quality of life for habitants has been felt in the twenty first century.”Sultanpur Lodhi with its legacy to have historic palaces, vital landscape, relics from various architectural styles offers a possibility to explore city module for reviving of historical cities. It was found that 81 percent of the urban population in city lived in overcrowded and substandard houses (Office of Punjab urban planning and development authority, 2017). Therefore this is one amongst the top three most densely populated cities in Punjab, India. Its culture combines Hindu, Buddhist, Islamic, Sikh and British influences. As the economy of this city is based on Agro based industries like Rice Sheller and other small scale industries and subsequent housing demand, there is need to protect vibrant culture and impressions. A fine tunings between available local resources and Contemporary urban design practice need to be explored. The study of Sultanpur Lodhi attempts to give reviving a historical and coherent summary of fragmented information about Punjab’s urban design practice.
Lyman Continuum Observations of Solar Flares Using SDO/EVE
Authors: Machado Marcos E. , Milligan Ryan O. , Simões Paulo J. A.
Published: December 2018

The Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) was designed to observe the Sun-as-a-star in the extreme ultraviolet—a wavelength range that has remained spectrally unresolved for many years. It has provided a wealth of data on solar flares, perhaps most uniquely, on the Lyman spectrum of hydrogen at high cadence and moderate spectral resolution. In this paper, we concentrate on the analysis of Lyman continuum (LyC) observations and their temporal evolution in a sample of six major solar flares. By fitting both the pre-flare and flare excess spectra with a blackbody function, we show that the color temperature derived from the slope of LyC reveals temperatures in excess of 104 K in the six events studied—an increase of a few thousand Kelvin above quiet-Sun values (typically ∼8000–9500 K). This was found to be as high as 17000 K for the 2017 September 6 X9.3 flare. Using these temperature values, and assuming a flaring area of 1018 cm2, estimates of the departure coefficient of hydrogen, b
1, were calculated. It was found that b
1 decreased from 102–103 in the quiet-Sun, to around unity during the flares. This implies that LyC is optically thick and formed in local thermodynamic equilibrium during flares. It also emanates from a relatively thin (≲100 km) shell formed at deeper, denser layers than in the quiescent solar atmosphere. We show that in terms of temporal coverage and resolution, EVE provides a more comprehensive picture of the response of the chromosphere to the flare energy input with respect to those of the Skylab/Harvard College Observatory spatially resolved observations of the 1970s.
Jet-related Excitation of the [C ii] Emission in the Active Galaxy NGC 4258 with SOFIA
Authors: Appleton P. N. , Diaz-Santos T. , Fadda D. , Ogle P. , Togi A. , Lanz L. , Alatalo K. , Fischer C. , Rich J. , Guillard P.
Published: December 2018

We detect widespread [C ii] 157.7 μm emission from the inner 5 kpc of the active galaxy NGC 4258 with the SOFIA integral field spectrometer FIFI-LS. The emission is found to be associated with warm H2, distributed along and beyond the end of the southern jet, in a zone known to contain shock-excited optical filaments. It is also associated with soft X-ray hotspots, which are the counterparts of the “anomalous radio arms” of NGC 4258, and a 1 kpc long filament on the minor axis of the galaxy that contains young star clusters. Palomar CWI Hα integral field spectroscopy shows that the filament exhibits non-circular motions within NGC 4258. Many of the [C ii] profiles are very broad, with the greatest line width, 455 km s−1, observed at the position of the southern jet bow-shock. Abnormally high ratios of L([C ii])/L(FIR) and L([C ii])/L(PAH 7.7 μm) are found along and beyond the southern jet and in the X-ray hotspots. These are the same regions that exhibit unusually large intrinsic [C ii] line widths. This suggests that the [C ii] traces warm molecular gas in shocks and turbulence associated with the jet. We estimate that as much as 40% (3.8 × 1039 erg s−1) of the total [C ii] luminosity from the inner 5 kpc of NGC 4258 arises in shocks and turbulence (<1% bolometric luminosity from the active nucleus), the rest being consistent with [C ii] excitation associated with star formation. We propose that the highly inclined jet is colliding with, and being deflected around, dense irregularities in a thick disk, leading to significant energy dissipation over a wide area of the galaxy.
Evidence of a Flat Outer Rotation Curve in a Star-bursting Disk Galaxy at z = 1.6
Authors: Drew Patrick M. , Casey Caitlin M. , Burnham Anne D. , Hung Chao-Ling , Kassin Susan A. , Simons Raymond C. , Zavala Jorge A.
Published: December 2018

Observations of the baryon to dark matter fraction in galaxies through cosmic time are a fundamental test for galaxy formation models. Recent observational studies have suggested that some disk galaxies at z > 1 host declining rotation curves, in contrast with observations of low redshift disk galaxies where stellar or H i rotation curves flatten at large radii. We present an observational counterexample, a galaxy named DSFG850.95 at z = 1.555 (4.1 Gyr after the big bang) that hosts a flat rotation curve between radii of ∼6–14 kpc (1.2–2.8 disk scale lengths) and has a dark matter fraction of 0.44 ± 0.08 at the H-band half light radius, similar to the Milky Way. We create position–velocity and position–dispersion diagrams using Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopic observations of Hα and [N ii] emission features, which reveal a flat rotation velocity of V
flat = 285 ± 12 km s−1 and an ionized gas velocity dispersion of σ
0 = 48 ± 4 km s−1. This galaxy has a rotation-dominated velocity field with V
flat/σ
0 ∼ 6. Ground-based H-band imaging reveals a disk with Sérsic index of 1.29 ± 0.03, an edge-on inclination angle of 87° ± 2°, and an H-band half light radius of 8.4 ± 0.1 kpc. Our results point to DSFG850.95 being a massive, rotationally supported disk galaxy with a high dark-matter-to-baryon fraction in the outer galaxy, similar to disk galaxies at low redshift.
Division du travail, développement spatial et le nouvel ordre économique mondial
Authors: Scott Allen J. , Leriche Frédéric
Published: December 2018

L’article vise à réfléchir aux logiques articulant, d’une part, la division du travail sous diverses formes et, d’autre part, la mondialisation et ses dynamiques spatiales. Il commence en retraçant la généalogie du concept de division du travail dans l’histoire de l’économie politique classique. Les différentes déclinaisons fonctionnelles de la division du travail sont ensuite analysées, afin de construire une théorie générale de l’organisation de la production économique. Sur cette base, l’attention porte alors sur la dimension géographique de la question. L’articulation entre la division du travail et les forces centripètes de l’agglomération industrielle, puis la manière dont la division du travail se traduit à différents échelons géographiques (y compris mondial) sont ainsi analysées.
La diffusion d’information financière aux salariés dans trois entreprises sidérurgiques françaises (1945-1982) : une lecture bourdieusienne
Authors: Floquet Mathieu , Nikitin Marc
Published: December 2018

Si l’on s’en tient à ce qu’écrivent les manuels et la presse professionnelle, diffuser de l’information aux salariés est une bonne pratique, de nature à améliorer les performances de l’entreprise concernée. Ce point de vue semble généralement accepté, sans qu’une vérification empirique apparaisse nécessaire à ceux qui l’expriment. Si, en revanche, nous observons les pratiques de trois grandes entreprises sidérurgiques sur la période 1945-1982, nous constatons que la diffusion de cette information pose un dilemme aux managers. Nos observations montrent en effet que dans l’immense majorité des cas, ces derniers agissent comme si cette information aux salariés était superflue, voire nuisible à l’efficacité de leur action. Il arrive néanmoins que dans quelques rares cas, ils diffusent de l’information aux salariés, mais de façon opportuniste. Pour élucider ce paradoxe apparent et lui donner une réponse théorique, nous avons utilisé le concept de doxa tel que Bourdieu le présente et l’utilise, c’est-à-dire une affirmation communément admise sans discussion ni examen. Selon cet auteur, chaque champ (ici celui des relations industrielles) possède sa doxa (ses idées reçues) et cette dernière a deux fonctions : d’une part elle permet de maintenir la possibilité d’une communication continue entre le management et les salariés ou leurs représentants ; et c’est pourquoi il est dans l’intérêt des uns et des autres d’y croire, au moins officiellement. D’autre part elle permet une forme de domination managériale, et c’est pourquoi les managers et la presse professionnelle continuent de la promouvoir.
Le modèle historique du coup de foudre dans la constitution du couple
Authors: Bologne Jean Claude
Published: December 2018

Défini comme « amour violent et subit », le coup de foudre est attesté tout au long de l’Histoire occidentale. Son étude à des époques clés de son histoire, depuis l’Antiquité, montre l’évolution de son rapport avec l’amour et la constitution du couple, parallèlement aux idées sur ses causes (interventions divines, diaboliques, causes physiologiques ou psychoémotionnelles). Avec l’exode rural et l’évolution sociale concomitante, le choix du conjoint s’affranchit, l’union libre se popularise et le couple devient la base de la famille. Le coup de foudre est désormais une expérience valorisée, un mythe de la culture contemporaine. Son surgissement dans l’immédiateté peut être compris comme le résultat d’un long processus inconscient, avec l’appui d’une société de mobilité qui valorise l’impulsion et déculpabilise la rupture.
Le nouveau roman conjugal contemporain
Authors: Arènes Jacques
Published: December 2018

En s’appuyant sur des données issues de cures individuelles et de couple, et sur des exemples littéraires, l’auteur explore la manière de faire couple aujourd’hui, empreinte, chez chacun des protagonistes, du désir de rechercher sa propre singularité. Le « roman conjugal », c’est-à-dire la manière dont chacun se raconte et imagine son futur à travers la vie de couple, devient alors complexe, voire labyrinthique dans le monde contemporain. Le vœu de construction de soi à travers le désir de couple se conjugue alors avec une dialectique de reconnaissance. Cette dialectique permet d’accéder à une rencontre particulière, excédant toute connaissance assurée, et exposant le sujet à une forme de transformation.
Lors du conflit conjugal, quelle affiliation pour l’enfant adopté ?
Authors: Lachaud Patricia
Published: December 2018

Lors d’un conflit conjugal, l’enfant adopté semble vivre la faillite du couple en écho à la sienne supposée, puisqu’il a été un enfant abandonné, donc narcissiquement fragile. Dans l’économie psychique de la famille, au détriment de sa singularisation, et tout en brandissant paradoxalement la menace de la rupture, l’enfant phorique du lien groupal familial serait en passe de devenir à toute force phorique du lien conjugal, montrant par là combien il est porté par le souhait de préserver des liens d’affiliation.
Entre deux lignées : le couple mis à l’épreuve ?
Authors: Sommantico Massimiliano
Published: December 2018

En se référant à un exemple clinique de thérapie psychanalytique de couple et à la notion de culture comme troisième différence, l’auteur met en lumière la dynamique oscillatoire entre appartenance et différence qui peut conduire le couple à une crise. En particulier, l’auteur propose une réflexion sur la façon dont les processus du groupe d’appartenance primaire vont être déplacés sur le couple. À travers l’analyse des mouvements transféro-contretransférentiels, l’auteur montre comment le travail psychanalytique peut orienter le couple vers la reconnaissance d’un véritable enrichissement lié à la différence de l’autre. Pour finir, l’auteur décrit la fonction contenante du cadre de la psychothérapie psychanalytique de couple.
Du meurtre conjugal aux confins de l’incestuel
Authors: Harrati Sonia , Vavassori David
Published: December 2018

Dans cet article, les auteurs s’intéressent au meurtre conjugal, forme extrême de violence au sein du couple et de la famille. À partir d’un cas clinique, ils discutent la question du meurtre conjugal qui relèverait d’une dynamique intrafamiliale mortifère où l’agressivité circule en miroir. Ils montrent en quoi les relations familiales s’actualisent dans un climat d’incestualité, relations dans lesquelles transgression et mort sont amalgamées et continuellement agies. Ce fonctionnement intrafamilial est discuté au regard de l’hypothèse d’une transmission psychique transgénérationnelle des aspects traumatiques non élaborés avec leurs effets de terreur et de culpabilité.
Secteur informel-formel et espace urbain à Bafoussam (Cameroun) : la récupération des déchets solides municipaux
Authors: Makamté Kakeu-Tardy Rolande Christelle
Published: December 2018

Les espaces de négociation des déchets solides se multiplient dans les villes africaines avec le développement des systèmes de gestion des déchets. Plusieurs études ont traité de la formalisation du secteur informel, mais très peu des interactions qui se mettent en place entre les acteurs informel et formel. Dans une démarche essentiellement qualitative, cet article analyse les enjeux du tri d’ordures, et le rapport entre récupérateurs informels et formels à Bafoussam. Il montre comment les collecteurs de déchets en quête de moyens de subsistance, participent à la production de l’espace urbain à travers un processus interactif de valorisation.
L’adulte handicapé mental existe-t-il ?
Authors: Chavaroche Philippe
Published: December 2018

Résumé Le statut d’adulte est-il compatible avec celui de handicapé mental ? Persistent autour du handicap mental des représentations infantiles qui parasitent ces démarches et fixent souvent ces personnes dans des positions où le statut d’adulte semble inaccessible malgré les efforts des professionnels qui les accompagnent. Pour s’extraire de ces contradictions dans lesquelles usagers et professionnels peuvent s’enfermer, est-il possible de dépasser la seule référence adulte pour considérer le sujet dans une continuité où sa temporalité n’est pas soumise à cette seule assignation ?
Au fil des âges et du temps qui passe...
Authors: Chapuis Bertrand
Published: December 2018

Résumé Les enjeux que traverse le secteur du handicap avec les difficultés qu’ils génèrent et la créativité qu’ils suscitent concernent notamment le passage de l’adolescence au statut d’adulte. Les nouvelles populations de jeunes adultes accueillis dans le médico-social présentent des profils psychopathologiques différents. Ces évolutions surviennent au fil des âges et du temps qui passe et concernent autant l’individu que l’institution. Elles amènent des changements dans le regard sur les handicaps et des adaptations dans le vécu des parcours, autant pour les résidents que pour les professionnels…
La dimension collective dans les foyers de vie et foyers d’hébergement
Authors: Dupré Bernard , Masson Daniel , Berges Benjamin , Keller Sylvain , Nogaret Marlène
Published: December 2018

Résumé Les lois de 2002 et de 2005 ont modifié profondément la prise en charge des personnes adultes en situation de handicap, insistant sur la prise en compte du besoin des individus. Nous posons la question de savoir si le balancier tout individualisation, personnalisation accrue n’est pas en train de perdre de vue la richesse du vivre ensemble pour privilégier la seule prise en compte des besoins et des attentes de l’individu. Nous souhaitons apporter des éléments de réflexion afin que chacun, de la place qu’il occupe, puisse réfléchir et agir afin de trouver le bon ou le juste équilibre.
« Vols libres au-dessus d’un nid de coucou » : théâtre en psychiatrie
Authors: Auriac Cathie , Beydon Nicole
Published: December 2018

Résumé Au-delà des effets thérapeutiques directs liés au travail théâtral, les auteurs s’intéressent à la modification de la relation entre les « soignants » et les « soignés » dès le moment où tous sont acteurs. Depuis 2008, ils travaillent ensemble pour la constitution d’une pièce de théâtre et son aboutissement en représentations. Cette position particulière, presque égalitaire, sous la direction d’un professionnel de théâtre, modifie les regards et représentations réciproques. La résultante est une amélioration de la relation thérapeutique et de l’acceptation des soins, par l’engagement et la considération de chacun pour tous.
L’empire de la notation (France, xix e siècle)
Authors: Karila-Cohen Pierre , Le Bihan Jean
Published: December 2018

Premier d’un triptyque consacré aux pratiques de notation en usage dans l’administration française du xix e siècle, cet article entend décrire la diffusion de ces pratiques, tous secteurs et toutes professions confondus. Après avoir décrit la méthode mise au point pour mener à bien cette recherche, on distingue trois étapes dans ce processus de diffusion, puis on réfléchit à la fois aux facteurs qui ont donné sa grande vigueur à ce processus ainsi qu’aux limites de ce dernier, qui interdisent de le considérer comme homogène et achevé.