bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Model to Estimate Sweep Efficiency of a Surfactant-Alternating-Gas Foam Process in Heterogeneous Reservoirs
Authors: Yang Jun , Wang Xiangzeng , Yang Yongchao , Peng Xiaolong , Zeng Fanhua
Published: May 2019

A surfactant-alternating-gas (SAG) process is a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method for tight oil reservoirs. In this study, an empirical model is developed to predict the dynamic performance of a SAG process including sweep efficiency of multiple types of well patterns, in which major factors of the SAG process are involved, including gas channeling, reservoir heterogeneity, gravity segregation, and the instability of a foam structure. A novel empirical model is proposed to estimate the recovery factor of a SAG process in typical well patterns, which divides the whole area into three parts based on dominate occupation in situ fluids. Estimating the breakthrough time of each area is the key of this model. A new concept pseudomobility ratio is proposed to convert the negative effect of heterogeneity into unfavorable increment of mobility ratio. Numerical simulation studies are introduced to validate the proposed SAG empirical model. The comparison shows that the SAG performance model is highly consistent with the numerical simulation results calculated by cmg. Sensitivity analysis is introduced to study the effects of variables in the SAG process, including the fluid injection rate, slug size, slug proportion, and reservoir heterogeneity. Oil production estimated by the proposed model is also validated with field production data collected from the Ganguyi SAG project in China, and the growth trend of oil production agrees well with the field data. The proposed model provides a fast approach to predict the dynamic performance of SAG flooding in a field scale, which can be used as a tool to evaluate and optimize current operational parameters.
Atomic Force Microscopy of Phase Separation on Ruptured, Giant Unilamellar Vesicles, and a Mechanical Pathway for the Co-Existence of Lipid Gel Phases
Authors: Jiang Yanfei , Pryse Kenneth M. , Singamaneni Srikanth , Genin Guy M. , Elson Elliot L.
Published: May 2019

Phase separation of lipid species is believed to underlie formation of lipid rafts that enable the concentration of certain surface receptors. However, the dynamics and stabilization of the resulting surface domains are unclear. We developed a methodology for collapsing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) into supported bilayers in a way that keeps membrane nanodomains stable and enables their imaging. We used a combination of fluorescence and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of this system to uncover how a surprising phase separation occurs on lipid vesicles, in which two different gel phases of the same lipid co-exist. This unusual phase behavior was evident in binary GUVs containing 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC) and either 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) or 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC). The approach showed that one of the phases is stabilized by lipid patches that become ejected from the membrane, thereby enabling the stabilization of what would otherwise be a thermodynamically impossible coexistence. These results show the utility of AFM on collapsed GUVs, and suggest a possible mechanical mechanism for stabilization of lipid domains.
Predicting Happiness in Paralympic Swimming Medalists
Authors: Martin Jeffrey , Vassallo Mario , Carrico Jacklyn , Armstrong Ellen
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to predict Paralympian swimmers’ happiness as a result of winning 2016 Paralympic medals. Understanding potential antecedents of athletes’ happiness has theoretical and practical value. Medal winners (N = 138) had their facial expressions rated for happiness at the race finish. Three predictors were examined: finish place (i.e., first, second, or third), swimmers’ expectations for race place, and race time. A multiple-regression analysis predicting happiness was significant,F(3, 98) = 3.66,p < .015, accounting for 10% of the variance. Significant beta weights for race place (β = −0.551) and finishing higher than their 2015 world ranking (β = 0.551) indicated that higher-finishing swimmers were happier than lower-finishing swimmers, and swimmers who finished better than their 2015 ranking were happier than swimmers who finished lower than their ranking. The authors also found partial support for the counterfactual-thinking hypothesis for male swimmers and evidence of gender and country differences in happiness.
Validation of the Athlete’s Plate Nutrition Educational Tool: Phase I
Authors: Reguant-Closa Alba , Harris Margaret M. , Lohman Tim G. , Meyer Nanna L.
Published: May 2019

Nutrition education visual tools are designed to help the general population translate science into practice. The purpose of this study was to validate the Athlete’s Plate (AP) to ensure that it meets the current sport nutrition recommendations for athletes. Twelve registered dietitians (RDs; 10 female and 2 male) volunteered for the study. Each registered dietitian was asked to create three real and virtual plates at three different times corresponding to breakfast, lunch, and dinner, and the three different AP training loads, easy (E), moderate (M), and hard (H), divided into two weight categories (male 75 kg and female 60 kg). Data of the real and virtual plates were evaluated using Computrition software (v. 18.1; Computrition, Chatsworth, CA). Statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS (version 23.0; IBM, Armonk, NY) to compare the difference between each training load category (E, M, and H) and the recommendations. No statistically significant differences were found among the created plates and the recommendations for energy, carbohydrates, fat, and fiber for E, M, and H. Protein relative to body mass (BM) was higher than recommended for E (1.9 ± 0.3 g·kg−1 BM·day−1, p = .003), M (2.3 ± 0.3 g·kg−1 BM·day−1, p < .001), and H (2.9+0.5 g·kg−1 BM·day−1, p < .001). No differences were found for the macronutrient distribution by gender when correcting for kilograms of body mass. The authors conclude that the AP meets the nutrition recommendations for athletes at different training intensities for energy, carbohydrates, fat, and fiber, but exceeds the recommendations for protein. Further research should consider this protein discrepancy and develop an AP model that meets, besides health and performance goals, contemporary guidelines for sustainability.
Replacing Sedentary Time With Light or Moderate–Vigorous Physical Activity Across Levels of Frailty
Authors: Godin Judith , Blodgett Joanna M. , Rockwood Kenneth , Theou Olga
Published: May 2019

The authors sought to examine how much sedentary time needs to be replaced by light or moderate–vigorous physical activity in order to reduce frailty and protect against mortality. The authors built isotemporal substitution models to assess the theoretical effect of replacing sedentary behavior with an equal amount of light or moderate–vigorous activity on frailty and mortality in community-based adults aged 50 years and older. Controlling for age, sex, body mass index, marital status, race, education, employment status, and National Health and Nutrition Examination Study cycle, replacing 1 hr of sedentary time with moderate–vigorous or light physical activity daily was associated with a lower frailty index. For mortality, results varied based on frailty level. Replacing sedentary behavior with moderate–vigorous exercise was associated with lower mortality risk in vulnerable individuals; however, replacing sedentary behavior with light activity was associated with lower mortality risk in frailer individuals.
Inducing Destination Images Among International Audiences: The Differing Effects of Promoting Sport Events on the Destination Image of a City Around the World
Authors: Heere Bob , Wear Henry , Jones Adam , Breitbarth Tim , Xing Xiaoyan , Paramio Salcines Juan Luis , Yoshida Masayuki , Derom Inge
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine how effective the international promotion of a sport event is on changing the destination image prior to the event if the sport event lacks global popularity. The authors conducted a quasi-experimental posttest research design, in which they used promotional information of a Tour de France stage to manipulate the destination image nonvisitors (N = 3,505) from nine different nations have of the hosting city, 5 months prior to the actual event. Results show that treating the international market as a homogeneous entity might be deceptive, as the effect of the event was different from nation to nation, pending on the popularity of the event or sport in the specific nation, and whether the nation itself offered similar events.
Characterizing large earthquakes before rupture is complete
Authors: Melgar Diego , Hayes Gavin P.
Published: May 2019

The early stages of
M
7 to
M
9 earthquakes show that large events can be distinguished from larger ones well before rupture is complete.
Oxygen tension–mediated erythrocyte membrane interactions regulate cerebral capillary hyperemia
Authors: Zhou Sitong , Giannetto Michael , DeCourcey James , Kang Hongyi , Kang Ning , Li Yizeng , Zheng Suilan , Zhao Hetince , Simmons William R. , Wei Helen S. , Bodine David M. , Low Philip S. , Nedergaard Maiken , Wan Jiandi
Published: May 2019

The current study demonstrates how red blood cell velocity in capillary is regulated by changes of local oxygen level.
Shared control–based bimanual robot manipulation
Authors: Rakita Daniel , Mutlu Bilge , Gleicher Michael , Hiatt Laura M.
Published: May 2019

A bimanual shared-control method enables novice users to control a robot in real time to complete complex manipulation tasks.
Resisting resistance: Homing in on better immunotherapy responses
Authors: Brunner Patrick M.
Published: May 2019

In mouse tumor models, the CXCR3-CXCL9 chemokine system mediates sensitivity to PD-1 blockade and could be exploited to enhance responsiveness to checkpoint inhibitors.
Impact of Species Diversity on the Design of RNA-Based Diagnostics for Antibiotic Resistance in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Wadsworth Crista B. , Sater Mohamad R. A. , Bhattacharyya Roby P. , Grad Yonatan H.
Published: May 2019

Quantitative assessment of antibiotic-responsive RNA transcripts holds promise for a rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tool for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. These assays aim to distinguish susceptible and resistant isolates by transcriptional differences upon drug exposure. However, an often-overlooked dimension of designing these tests is that the genetic diversity within a species may yield differential transcriptional regulation independent of resistance phenotype.
Individual Physiological Adaptations Enable Selected Bacterial Taxa To Prevail during Long-Term Incubations
Authors: Herlemann D. P. R. , Markert S. , Meeske C. , Andersson A. F. , de Bruijn I. , Hentschker C. , Unfried F. , Becher D. , Jürgens K. , Schweder T.
Published: May 2019

In microbial ecology, enclosure studies are often used to investigate the effect of single environmental factors on complex bacterial communities. However, in addition to the manipulation, unintended effects (“bottle effect”) may occur due to the enclosure itself. In this study, we analyzed the bacterial communities that originated from three different salinities of the Baltic Sea, comparing their compositions and physiological activities both at the early stage and after 55 days of incubation. Our results suggested that internal carbon storage strategies impact the success of certain bacterial species, independent of the experimental manipulation. Thus, while enclosure experiments remain valid tools in environmental research, microbial community composition shifts must be critically followed. This investigation of the metaproteome during long-term batch enclosures expanded our current understanding of the so-called “bottle effect,” which is well known to occur during enclosure experiments.
Temperature Control of
psaA
Expression by PsaE and PsaF in Yersinia pestis
Authors: Quinn Joshua D. , Weening Eric H. , Miner Taryn A. , Miller Virginia L.
Published: May 2019

Y. pestis
is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes bubonic plague. As a vector-borne pathogen,
Y. pestis
fluctuates between an arthropod vector (flea) and mammalian host. As such,
Y. pestis
must recognize environmental signals encountered within each host environment and respond by appropriately regulating gene expression. PsaA is a key
Y. pestis
mammalian virulence determinant that forms fimbriae. Our work provides evidence that
Y. pestis
utilizes multiple posttranscriptional mechanisms to regulate the levels of two PsaA regulatory proteins in response to both temperature and pH. This study offers insight into mechanisms that bacteria utilize to sense environmental cues and regulate the expression of determinants required for mammalian disease.
A Yeast Suppressor Screen Used To Identify Mammalian SIRT1 as a Proviral Factor for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication
Authors: Weston Stuart , Matthews Krystal L. , Lent Rachel , Vlk Alexandra , Haupt Rob , Kingsbury Tami , Frieman Matthew B.
Published: May 2019

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) initially emerged in 2012 and has since been responsible for over 2,300 infections, with a case fatality ratio of approximately 35%. We have used the highly characterized model system of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
to investigate novel functional interactions between viral proteins and eukaryotic cells that may provide new avenues for antiviral intervention. We identify a functional link between the MERS-CoV ORF4a proteins and the YDL042C/SIR2 yeast gene. The mammalian homologue of SIR2 is SIRT1, an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase. We demonstrate for the first time that SIRT1 is a proviral factor for MERS-CoV replication and that ORF4a has a role in modulating its activity in mammalian cells.
The Absence of Lymphotoxin-α, a Herpesvirus Entry Mediator (HVEM) Ligand, Affects Herpes Simplex Virus 1 InfectionIn VivoDifferently than the Absence of Other HVEM Cellular Ligands
Authors: Wang Shaohui , Hirose Satoshi , Ghiasi Homayon
Published: May 2019

Recently, we evaluated the effects of HVEM and its ligands (LIGHT, CD160, and BTLA) on HSV-1 infectivity. However, the effect of LTα, another member of the TNF superfamily, on HSV-1 latency and eye disease is not known. Here, we demonstrate increased latency and corneal scarring in LTα−/−infected mice, independent of the presence of LAT. In addition, infected mice were highly susceptible to HSV-1 infection, and survival was partially but not significantly restored by adoptive T cell transfer. These results suggest that the absence of LTα affects HSV-1 infectivity differently than the absence of HVEM, LIGHT, CD160, and BTLA.
The Bacterial DNA Binding Protein MatP Involved in Linking the Nucleoid Terminal Domain to the Divisome at Midcell Interacts with Lipid Membranes
Authors: Monterroso Begoña , Zorrilla Silvia , Sobrinos-Sanguino Marta , Robles-Ramos Miguel Ángel , Alfonso Carlos , Söderström Bill , Meiresonne Nils Y. , Verheul Jolanda , den Blaauwen Tanneke , Rivas Germán
Published: May 2019

The division of an
E. coli
cell into two daughter cells with equal genomic information and similar size requires duplication and segregation of the chromosome and subsequent scission of the envelope by a protein ring, the Z-ring. MatP is a DNA binding protein that contributes both to the positioning of the Z-ring at midcell and the temporal control of nucleoid segregation. Our integrated
in vivo
and
in vitro
analysis provides evidence that MatP can interact with lipid membranes reproducing the phospholipid mixture in the
E. coli
inner membrane, without concomitant recruitment of the short DNA sequences specifically targeted by MatP. This observation strongly suggests that the membrane may play a role in the regulation of the function and localization of MatP, which could be relevant for the coordination of the two fundamental processes in which this protein participates, nucleoid segregation and cell division.
A Stress Response Monitoring Lipoprotein Trafficking to the Outer Membrane
Authors: May Kerrie L. , Lehman Kelly M. , Mitchell Angela M. , Grabowicz Marcin
Published: May 2019

The outer membrane built by Gram-negative bacteria such as
Escherichia coli
forms a barrier that prevents antibiotics from entering the cell, limiting clinical options at a time of prevalent antibiotic resistance. Stress responses ensure that barrier integrity is continuously maintained. We have identified the Cpx signal transduction system as a stress response that monitors the trafficking of lipid-anchored lipoproteins to the outer membrane. These lipoproteins are needed by every machine that builds the outer membrane. Cpx monitors just one lipoprotein, NlpE, to detect the efficiency of lipoprotein trafficking in the cell. NlpE and Cpx were previously shown to play a role in resistance to copper. We show that copper blocks lipoprotein trafficking, reconciling old and new observations. Copper is an important element in innate immunity against pathogens, and our findings suggest that NlpE and Cpx help
E. coli
survive the assault of copper on a key outer membrane assembly pathway.
Live Monitoring and Analysis of Fungal Growth, Viability, and Mycelial Morphology Using the IncuCyte NeuroTrack Processing Module
Authors: Wurster Sebastian , Kumaresan Pappanaicken R. , Albert Nathaniel D. , Hauser Paul J. , Lewis Russell E. , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P.
Published: May 2019

Pathogenic fungi remain a major cause of infectious complications in immunocompromised patients. Microscopic techniques are crucial for our understanding of fungal biology, host-pathogen interaction, and the pleiotropic effects of antifungal drugs on fungal cell growth and morphogenesis. Taking advantage of the morphological similarities of neuronal cell networks and mycelial growth patterns, we employed the IncuCyte time-lapse microscopy system and its NeuroTrack image analysis software package to study growth and branching of a variety of pathogenic yeasts and molds. Using optimized image processing definitions, we validated IncuCyte NeuroTrack analysis as a reliable and efficient tool for translational applications such as antifungal efficacy evaluation and coculture with host immune effector cells. Hence, the IncuCyte system and its NeuroTrack module provide an appealing platform for efficient
in vitro
studies of antifungal compounds and immunotherapeutic strategies in medical mycology.
A Substrate-Activated Efflux Pump, DesABC, Confers Zeamine Resistance to Dickeya zeae
Authors: Liang Zhibin , Huang Luhao , He Fei , Zhou Xiaofan , Shi Zurong , Zhou Jianuan , Chen Yufan , Lv Mingfa , Chen Yumei , Zhang Lian-Hui
Published: May 2019

Zeamines are a family of newly identified phytotoxins and potent antibiotics produced by
D. zeae
EC1. Unlike most bacterial organisms, which are highly sensitive,
D. zeae
EC1 is tolerant to zeamines, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. Our study showed, for the first time, that a new RND efflux pump, DesABC, is indispensable for
D. zeae
EC1 against zeamines. We found that the DesABC efflux pump was zeamine specific and appeared to be conserved only in the
Dickeya
species, which may explain the high potency of zeamines against a wide range of bacterial pathogens. We also showed that expression of DesABC efflux system genes was induced by zeamines. These findings not only provide an answer to why
D. zeae
EC1 is much more tolerant to zeamines than other bacterial pathogens but also document a signaling role of zeamines in modulation of gene expression.
Infection-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis Is Mediated by Macrophage Activation and Nitrate Production
Authors: Wang Shuai , El-Fahmawi Ayah , Christian David A. , Fang Qun , Radaelli Enrico , Chen Longfei , Sullivan Megan C. , Misic Ana M. , Ellringer Jodi A. , Zhu Xing-Quan , Winter Sebastian E. , Hunter Christopher A. , Beiting Daniel P.
Published: May 2019

Toxoplasma gondiiis a protozoan parasite and a leading cause of foodborne illness. Infection is initiated when the parasite invades the intestinal epithelium, and in many host species, this leads to intense inflammation and a dramatic disruption of the normal microbial ecosystem that resides in the healthy gut (the so-called microbiome). One characteristic change in the microbiome during infection withToxoplasma—as well as numerous other pathogens—is the overgrowth ofEscherichia colior similar bacteria and a breakdown of commensal containment leading to seeding of peripheral organs with gut bacteria and subsequent sepsis. Our findings provide one clear explanation for how this process is regulated, thereby improving our understanding of the relationship between parasite infection, inflammation, and disease. Furthermore, our results could serve as the basis for the development of novel therapeutics to reduce the potential for harmful bacteria to bloom in the gut during infection.
Insane in the Membrane: Glial Extracellular Vesicles Transmit Polyomaviruses
Authors: Santiana Marianita , Altan-Bonnet Nihal
Published: May 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are major vehicles for transporting viruses
en bloc
among hosts. While RNA viruses make up the great majority of transmission by EVs, in a recent article in
mBio
(mBio 10:e00379-19, 2019,
https://mbio.asm.org/content/10/2/e00379-19.long
), Morris-Love and colleagues revealed that a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), a major cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), can be released from and transmitted to other glia in EVs.
Draft Genome Sequence of Aeromonas dhakensis, Isolated from a Patient with Fatal Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Melo-Bolivar Javier F. , Sinclair Holly A. , Sidjabat Hanna E.
Published: May 2019

Aeromonas hydrophila
and
Aeromonas dhakensis
are ubiquitous in marine and aquatic environments. Both species, which cause significant skin and soft tissue infection, are often associated with water activities and floods.
Towards a Better Understanding of Microbial Community Dynamics through High-Throughput Cultivation and Data Integration
Authors: Faust Karoline
Published: May 2019

The investigation of microbial community dynamics is hampered by low resolution, a lack of control, and a small number of replicates. These deficiencies can be tackled with defined communities grown under well-controlled conditions in high-throughput automated cultivation devices.
Toward a Better Understanding of Species Interactions through Network Biology
Authors: McClure Ryan S.
Published: May 2019

Within the last decade, there has been an explosion of multi-omics data generated for several microbial systems. At the same time, new methods of analysis have emerged that are based on inferring networks that link features both within and between species based on correlation in abundance.
Absolute Measurements of mRNA Translation in Caulobacter crescentus Reveal Important Fitness Costs of Vitamin B
12
Scavenging
Authors: Aretakis James R. , Gega Alisa , Schrader Jared M.
Published: May 2019

Caulobacter crescentus
is a model system of the bacterial cell cycle culminating in asymmetric cell division, with each daughter cell inheriting a distinct set of proteins. While a genetic network of master transcription factors coordinates the cell cycle timing of transcription for nearly 20% of
Caulobacter
genes, we lack knowledge of how many of each protein “part” encoded in the genome are synthesized. Therefore, to determine the absolute production rates across the genome, we performed ribosome profiling, providing, for the first time, a quantitative resource with measurements of each protein “part” needed to generate daughter cells. This resource furthers the goal of a systems-level understanding of the genetic network controlling asymmetric cell division. To highlight the utility of this data set, we probe the protein synthesis cost of a B
12
utilization pathway and provide new insights into
Caulobacter
’s adaptation to its natural environments.
A Multi-omics Approach to Unraveling the Microbiome-Mediated Effects of Arabinoxylan Oligosaccharides in Overweight Humans
Authors: Benítez-Páez Alfonso , Kjølbæk Louise , Gómez del Pulgar Eva M. , Brahe Lena K. , Astrup Arne , Matysik Silke , Schött Hans-Frieder , Krautbauer Sabrina , Liebisch Gerhard , Boberska Joanna , Claus Sandrine , Rampelli Simone , Brigidi Patrizia , Larsen Lesli H. , Sanz Yolanda
Published: May 2019

The use of dietary fiber food supplementation as a strategy to reduce the burden of diet-related diseases is a matter of study given its cost-effectiveness and the positive results demonstrated in clinical trials. This multi-omics assessment, on different biological samples of overweight subjects with signs of metabolic syndrome, sheds light on the early and less evident effects of short-term AXOS intake on intestinal microbiota and host metabolism. We observed a deep influence of AXOS on gut microbiota beyond their recognized bifidogenic effect by boosting concomitantly a wide diversity of butyrate producers and
Prevotella copri
, a microbial species abundant in non-Westernized populations with traditional lifestyle and diets enriched in fresh unprocessed foods. A comprehensive evaluation of hundreds of metabolites unveiled new benefits of the AXOS intake, such as reducing the plasma ceramide levels. Globally, we observed that multiple effects of AXOS consumption seem to converge in reversing the glucose homeostasis impairment.
Association between early life (prenatal and postnatal) antibiotic administration and coeliac disease: a systematic review
Authors: Kołodziej Maciej , Patro-Gołąb Bernadeta , Gieruszczak-Białek Dorota , Skórka Agata , Pieścik-Lech Małgorzata , Baron Ruth , Szajewska Hania
Published: May 2019

Objective

Whether prenatal or postnatal exposure to antibiotics is associated with an increased risk of coeliac disease (CD) is unclear. We systematically reviewed studies on the association between early life antibiotic exposure and the risk of CD or CD autoimmunity.

Design

Systematic review of observational studies.

Data sources

The PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to December 2018, with no language restrictions. Additional references were obtained from reviewed articles.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Cohort, cross-sectional and case–control studies that assessed the association between prenatal and/or postnatal antibiotic exposure and the odds of developing CD (as defined by authors of the original studies) or CD autoimmunity were eligible for inclusion.

Results

Six studies were included. In two large cohort studies that focused on prenatal antibiotic exposure, no association with the risk of CD was found (adjusted OR=1.16; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.43 and adjusted HR=1.33; 95% CI 0.69 to 2.56) in the Norwegian and Swedish cohorts, respectively. In three studies that evaluated the association of postnatal antibiotic exposure with the risk of CD, the results were contradictory, with only the Italian cohort study reporting a significant positive association (adjusted incidence rate ratio=1.24; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.43). A large, multicentre cohort study that evaluated the association between postnatal antibiotic exposure and CD autoimmunity in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-positive subjects found no association.

Conclusions

We found no evidence of an association between prenatal or postnatal antibiotic exposure and CD.
Congenital symmetrical circumscribed patterned non-scarring alopecia of eyebrows: a variant of congenital triangular alopecia or an anatomical variation?
Authors: Yadav Deepika , Khandpur Sujay , Subhadarshani Sweta , Sahni Kanika
Published: May 2019

Triangular alopecia presents as a unilateral triangular-shaped non-scarring alopecia usually involving the temporal scalp. There are few reports of occipital scalp involvement and bilateral disease. Usually it is seen at 2–3 years of age but occasionally can be present at birth. Here we present a unique case of triangular alopecia involving the eyebrows in a 23-year-old man. He had bilateral symmetrical involvement since birth. Points in favour of triangular alopecia in our case were non-scarring alopecia, oval-to-triangular shape, fringe of terminal hair at superior margin; trichoscopy showing significant decrease in hair diameter diversity with increased number of vellus and intermediate hair and histopathology showing normal hair follicle density and increased vellus and intermediate hair (miniaturisation) with absence of inflammation on histopathology. Other differential diagnoses kept were partial duplication of eyebrows, congenital alopecia areata and mild form of ectodermal dysplasia.
NovelHMGA2-YAP1fusion gene in aggressive angiomyxoma
Authors: Lee Mee-young , da Silva Brandon , Ramirez Daniel C , Maki Robert G
Published: May 2019

We describe a case of a 44-year-old woman with locally advanced aggressive angiomyxoma with a novel translocationhigh-mobility group AT-hook 2–yes-associated protein 1(HMGA2-YAP1) fusion, implying a t(11;12)(q22.1;q14.3) translocation. She was started on gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist injection and an aromatase inhibitor for persistent disease, which responded to treatment; she was subsequently treated with radiation before a more definitive operation was conducted. This case report indicates thatHGMA2-YAP1–translocated aggressive angiomyxoma is responsive to oestrogen antagonism and hopefully will allow for the development of diagnostics useful for this rare but often morbid neoplasm. This case also highlights the importance of appropriate workup of a soft tissue mass.
Ankle pseudoaneurysm: distal posterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm in a child following blunt trauma
Authors: Aimanan Karthigesu , Chea Chan Hooi , Lim Kim Ying , Damodaran Ashok
Published: May 2019

Pseudoaneurysm of the ankle involving the posterior tibial artery is a rare presentation with only four paediatric cases previously reported in English literature. We report a new case following blunt trauma with the clinical presentation and management strategy. A 6-year-old boy presented with a pulsatile swelling at the medial aspect of ankle following a history of blunt trauma 3 weeks ago. Imaging confirmed pseudoaneurysm involving the distal posterior tibial artery. Excision of the pseudoaneurysm was performed without any complication.
Cyclosporine A and amlodipine induced gingival overgrowth in a kidney transplant recipient: case presentation with literature review
Authors: Nanda Tarun , Singh Baljeet , Sharma Parul , Arora Karandeep Singh
Published: May 2019

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a condition caused by side effects of treatment with one of three types of drugs: phenytoin (used in epilepsy treatment), cyclosporine A (used in transplantology after allogenic organ transplants) and calcium channel blockers (used in the treatment of hypertension). Gingival overgrowth leads to inflammation within the gums and periodontium and can amplify the existing periodontal disease leading to tooth loss. Patients who have undergone kidney transplant are given immunosuppressants to prevent transplant rejection and mostly it is accompanied with calcium channel blockers to treat hypertension associated with kidney transplant. This article reports a case of recent gingival enlargement associated with cyclosporine A and amlodipine given to a kidney transplant patient from the past 11 years.
Association of fatty liver disease with mortality outcomes in an Eastern Finland male cohort
Authors: Olubamwo Olubunmi O , Virtanen Jyrki K , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka
Published: May 2019

Objective

Fatty liver disease (FLD) has been associated with extrahepatic morbidity outcomes. However, reports on the association of FLD, assessed using fatty liver index (FLI), with mortality outcomes have been inconsistent. Our objective was to examine the effect of metabolic factors (blood pressure, insulin, fasting glucose, lipoproteins) on the associations of FLI with mortality outcomes among middle-aged men.

Study design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

Our subjects were 1893 men at baseline from 1984 to 1989 in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study cohort. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to analyse the association of baseline FLI, with the HRs for all-cause, disease, cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular and cancer mortality outcomes.

Results

The mean FLI in the FLI categories were 16.2 in the low and reference category (FLI<30), 43.4 in the intermediate FLI category (FLI=30–<60) and 77.5 in the high FLI (FLD) category (FLI≥60). Over an average follow-up of 20 years, 848 disease deaths were recorded through Finnish national cause of death register. In models adjusted for constitutional, lifestyle and inflammatory factors, for the high (FLI≥60) vs low (FLI<30) FLI category, the HRs (95% CI) for mortality outcomes were 1.50 (1.26–1.78) for all-cause mortality; 1.56 (1.31–2.86) for disease mortality; 1.51 (1.18–1.94) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality; 1.42 (1.12–1.80) for non-CVD mortality and 1.45 (1.02–2.07) for cancer mortality. With further adjustment for metabolic factors, the HRs were 1.25 (1.01–1.53) for all-cause mortality; 1.26 (1.02–1.56) for disease mortality; 1.06 (0.78–1.43) for CVD mortality; 1.46 (1.09–1.94) for non-CVD mortality and 1.49 (0.97–2.29) for cancer mortality.

Conclusion

High FLI (FLD) is associated with increased risks of mortality outcomes. The FLI-CVD mortality association can be largely explained by metabolic factors. Persons with FLD should be monitored for metabolic deterioration and extrahepatic morbidity to improve their prognoses.
Associations of workplace violence and psychological capital with depressive symptoms and burn-out among doctors in Liaoning, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sui Guoyuan , Liu Guangcong , Jia Lianqun , Wang Lie , Yang Guanlin
Published: May 2019

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to (1) Identify the prevalence of workplace violence among doctors in Liaoning, China. (2) Examine the relationships between workplace violence and psychological capital with depressive symptoms and burn-out in Chinese doctors.

Design

A quantitative, cross-sectional study.

Setting

Eight hospitals in Liaoning Province were surveyed using a self-reported questionnaire.

Participants

The study population comprised 1800 doctors. Ultimately 1392 doctors completed valid questionnaires with a response rate of 77.3%.

Results

The prevalence of workplace violence was 77.5%. Compared with other types of workplace violence, the prevalence of psychological aggression was the highest (72.7%). Workplace violence (depressive symptoms:β[95% CI]=0.11 [0.06, 0.16]; emotional exhaustion:β[95% CI]=0.18 [0.13, 0.23]; depersonalisation:β[95% CI]=0.17 [0.12, 0.22]) and psychological capital (depressive symptoms:β[95% CI]=−0.32 [−0.37, –0.27]; emotional exhaustion:β[95% CI]=−0.23 [−0.28, –0.18]; depersonalisation:β[95% CI]=−0.23 [−0.28, –0.18]) were associated with depressive symptoms and burn-out. Workplace violence increased the level of depressive symptoms and burn-out by damaging psychological capital (depressive symptoms: a*b=1.61, bias-corrected and accelerated [BCa] 95% CI 1.08 to 2.25; emotional exhaustion: a*b=1.29, BCa 95% CI 0.86 to 1.83; depersonalisation: a*b=0.70, BCa 95% CI 0.45 to 1.00).

Conclusions

In China, most doctors will be exposed to workplace violence, especially psychological aggression. A safer work environment and psychological capital development may be considered in prevention and treatment strategies for improving mental health.
Mapping the study topics and characteristics of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis research literature: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Kamitani Emiko , Johnson Adebukola H , Wichser Megan , Mizuno Yuko , DeLuca Julia B , Higa Darrel H
Published: May 2019

Introduction

The research literature addressing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has increased considerably over the last decade. To better understand the research areas and explore research gaps, we will conduct a scoping review to map study topics and describe study characteristics and populations in publications focused on PrEP. The purpose of this protocol is to describe planned methods for the scoping review.

Methods and analysis

We will implement a comprehensive systematic literature search to identify PrEP citations in the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Project database that is unique and extensively focuses on HIV/sexually transmitted infections/hepatitis. We will screen and include studies that are (1) focused on HIV PrEP, (2) primary research with human participants and (3) published in English. Two reviewers will independently abstract data on authors’ names, study years, countries, population characteristics and design. To describe and summarise study topics, we will use 19 codes and five categories that were developed from a preliminary study. The five categories arecategory 1: potential PrEP user/prescriber(behaviours/issues for potential PrEP takers/healthcare professionals),category 2: considerations while on PrEP(experiences of and problems related to staying on or prescribing PrEP),category 3: PrEP efficacy and safety(biomedical aspects and medication efficacy),category 4: methods of and experiences with PrEP clinical trials(possesses/experiences of clinical trials) andcategory 5: cost-effectiveness or economic evaluation(cost studies). Data will be analysed with descriptive statistics.

Ethics and dissemination

The findings will be presented at HIV-related conferences and published in peer-review journals.
Association between sepsis and retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaofen , Tang Kun , Chen Ling , Cheng Sixiang , Xu Huilan
Published: May 2019

Objective

To explore the association between sepsis and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants.

Design

A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

We performed a systematic search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase from 1 January, 2000, to 1 January, 2018, with no language restrictions and reported the relationship between sepsis and ROP.

Eligibility criteria

Original observational studies, including cohort studies and case-control studies.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two reviewers independently completed the study selection and data extraction. The OR and corresponding 95% CI were used to measure the risk of sepsis in patients with ROP. The heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using Cochran’s Q test and the I2statistic. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was adopted to evaluate the quality of each of the included studies, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to assess the quality of the evidence.

Results

Sixteen studies with a total sample size of 12 466 premature infants and 2494 cases of ROP were included in this meta-analysis. Adjusted analysis showed that sepsis was closely related to any stage of ROP (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.89) and severe stage of ROP (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.51) in premature infants, with 56.3% and 81.8% heterogeneity, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that heterogeneity was obvious in prospective cohort studies (I2= 62.1%, p<0.001). In a sensitivity analysis, we found that removing any single study did not significantly change the overall effect value. The quality of the evidence was rated as low for both any stage of ROP and severe stage of ROP.

Conclusions

Sepsis increases the risk of ROP in preterm infants. However, considering that all included studies are observational and causality can rarely be established, additional evidence is needed to substantiate this finding and provide advice for practice.
Insufficient iodine nutrition status and the risk of pre-eclampsia: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Businge Charles Bitamazire , Madini Namhla , Longo-Mbenza Benjamin , Kengne A P
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Pre-eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in pregnancy is one of the established risk factors for pre-eclampsia, the link between iodine deficiency, the main cause of hypothyroidism and pre-eclampsia remains uncertain. About two billion people live in areas with iodine insufficiency. The increased renal blood flow during pregnancy leading to increased renal iodine clearance together with the increased placental transfer of iodine to the fetus leads to further iodine deficiency in pregnancy. Iodine is one of the most potent exogenous antioxidants whose deficiency is associated with oxidant imbalance and endothelial dysfunction, one of the mechanisms associated with increased risk of pre-eclampsia.

Methods and analysis

A systematic search of published literature will be conducted for case–control studies that directly determined the iodine nutrition status of women with pre-eclampsia and appropriate normotensive controls. A similar search will be conducted for cohort studies in which the incidence of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women with adequate and inadequate iodine nutrition status was reported. Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and Africa Wide Information will be searched up to 31 December 2018. Screening of identified articles and data extraction will be conducted independently by two investigators. Risk of bias of the included studies will be assessed using a Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Appropriate meta-analytic techniques will be used to pool prevalence and incidence rates, odds and relative risk of pre-eclampsia from studies with similar features, overall and by geographical regions. Heterogeneity of the estimates across studies will be assessed and quantified and publication bias investigated. This protocol is reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines.

Ethics and dissemination

Since the proposed study will use published data, there is no requirement for ethical approval. This review seeks to identify the risk of pre-eclampsia associated with insufficient iodine nutrition in pregnancy. This will help to ascertain whether insufficient iodine intake may be an independent risk factor for pre-eclampsia. This will advise policy makers on the possibility of maximising iodine nutrition in pregnancy and reproductive age as one of the remedies for prevention of pre-eclampsia among populations at risk of inadequate iodine intake. This review is part of the thesis that will be submitted for the award of a PhD in Medicine to the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Cape Town. In addition the results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018099427.
Exploration of home care nurse’s experiences in deprescribing of medications: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Sun Winnie , Tahsin Farah , Barakat-Haddad Caroline , Turner Justin P , Haughian Cheryl Reid , Abbass-Dick Jennifer
Published: May 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study is to explore the barriers and enablers of deprescribing from the perspectives of home care nurses, as well as to conduct a scalability assessment of an educational plan to address the learning needs of home care nurses about deprescribing.

Methods

This study employed an exploratory qualitative descriptive research design, using scalability assessment from two focus groups with a total of 11 home care nurses in Ontario, Canada. Thematic analysis was used to derive themes about home care nurse’s perspectives about barriers and enablers of deprescribing, as well as learning needs in relation to deprescribing approaches.

Results

Home care nurse’s identified challenges for managing polypharmacy in older adults in home care settings, including a lack of open communication and inconsistent medication reconciliation practices. Additionally, inadequate partnership and ineffective collaboration between interprofessional healthcare providers were identified as major barriers to safe deprescribing. Furthermore, home care nurses highlighted the importance of raising awareness about deprescribing in the community, and they emphasised the need for a consistent and standardised approach in educating healthcare providers, informal caregivers and older adults about the best practices of safe deprescribing.

Conclusion

Targeted deprescribing approaches are important in home care for optimising medication management and reducing polypharmacy in older adults. Nurses in home care play a vital role in medication management and, therefore, educational programmes must be developed to support their awareness and understanding of deprescribing. Study findings highlighted the need for the future improvement of existing programmes about safer medication management through the development of a supportive and collaborative relationship among the home care team, frail older adults and their informal caregivers.
Impact of antibiotic resistance on outcomes of neutropenic cancer patients withPseudomonas aeruginosabacteraemia (IRONIC study): study protocol of a retrospective multicentre international study
Authors: Albasanz-Puig Adaia , Gudiol Carlota , Parody Rocío , Tebe Cristian , Akova Murat , Araos Rafael , Bote Anna , Brunel Anne-Sophie , Calik Sebnem , Drgona Lubos , García Estefanía , Hemmati Philipp , Herrera Fabián , Ibrahim Karim Yaqub , Isler Burcu , Kanj Souha , Kern Winfried , Maestro de la Calle Guillermo , Manzur Adriana , Marin Jorge Iván , Márquez-Gómez Ignacio , Martín-Dávila Pilar , Mikulska Malgorzata , Montejo José Miguel , Montero Milagros , Morales Hugo Manuel Paz , Morales Isabel , Novo Andrés , Oltolini Chiara , Peghin Maddalena , del Pozo Jose Luis , Puerta-Alcalde Pedro , Ruiz-Camps Isabel , Sipahi Oguz Resat , Tilley Robert , Yáñez Lucrecia , Gomes Marisa Zenaide Ribeiro , Carratalà Jordi
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) has historically been one of the major causes of severe sepsis and death among neutropenic cancer patients. There has been a recent increase of multidrug-resistant PA (MDRPA) isolates that may determine a worse prognosis, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. The aim of this study is to establish the impact of antibiotic resistance on the outcome of neutropenic onco-haematological patients with PA bacteraemia, and to identify the risk factors for MDRPA bacteraemia and mortality.

Methods and analysis

This is a retrospective, observational, multicentre, international study. All episodes of PA bacteraemia occurring in neutropenic onco-haematological patients followed up at the participating centres from 1 January 2006 to 31 May 2018 will be retrospectively reviewed. The primary end point will be overall case-fatality rate within 30 days of onset of PA bacteraemia. The secondary end points will be to describe the following: the incidence and risk factors for multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant PA bacteraemia (by comparing the episodes due to susceptible PA with those produced by MDRPA), the efficacy of ceftolozane/tazobactam, the rates of persistent bacteraemia and bacteraemia relapse and the risk factors for very early (48 hours), early (7 days) and overall (30 days) case-fatality rates.

Ethics and dissemination

The Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Bellvitge University Hospital approved the protocol of the study at the primary site. To protect personal privacy, identifying information of each patient in the electronic database will be encrypted. The processing of the patients’ personal data collected in the study will comply with the Spanish Data Protection Act of 1998 and with the European Directive on the privacy of data. All data collected, stored and processed will be anonymised. Results will be reported at conferences and in peer-reviewed publications.