bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and dynamics of phytoplankton community in the Botafogo reservoir-Pernambuco-Brazil
Authors: Lira Giulliari Alan da Silva Tavares de , Bittencourt-Oliveira Maria do Carmo , Moura Ariadne do Nascimento
Published: May 2009

The aim of the present study was to investigate the structure and dynamics of the phytoplankton in the Botafogo reservoir-PE-Brazil. Phytoplankton assemblages were identified from current literature and density was estimated using an inverted microscope. Concurrently to the sampling of biotic variables, measurements of abiotic parameters, such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH, were determined using field probes and transparency was determined with a Secchi disk. Total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations were determined in laboratory. A total of 24 taxa were identified. Chlorophyta presented the greatest number of species. Species diversity in the reservoir was low throughout the study period. Principal component analysis revealed that Trachelomonas volvocina, Chlorella vulgaris, Euglena sp. and Peridinium gatunense were directly correlated with oxygen, turbidity and total nitrogen; Planktosphaeria gelatinosa, P. gatunense and Euglena sp. were directed correlated with total nitrogen; rainfall explained the occurrence of Monoraphidium arcuatum and Chlorella vulgaris.
Reciclaje de escoria granulada de fundición (EGF) como sustitución de parte del cemento en hormigón
Authors: Ceccato D.M. , Masuero A.B. , Moraes C.A.M. , Vilela A.C.F.
Published: May 2009

El reciclaje de residuos sólidos industriales se ha vuelto una práctica indispensable en la preservación de los recursos naturales, en la minimización de los costos y en la reducción del impacto ambiental. La utilización de materiales alternativos en la industria de la construcción civil es una práctica económicamente atractiva y ambientalmente correcta. Siendo así, el empleo de escorias como materia prima en carreteras, hormigón y cemento ya es una práctica corriente, en la cual, el destino más noble de estos materiales reciclables depende de la existencia de características adecuadas al uso propuesto. La escoria granulada de fundición (EGF) es un residuo generado en el proceso de fusión de chatarras de hierro fundido en horno cubilote. Estudios anteriores apuntaron que esta escoria, cuando es finamente molida, presenta buenas propiedades piroclásticas (de tipo pozzolana). Además, su estructura amorfa, resultante del proceso de generación a través del enfriamiento brusco y la composición química adecuada, permiten una aplicación más noble de este residuo, como sustituto del cemento. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar el desempeño de hormigones con la utilización de escoria granulada de fundición como sustitución de parte del cemento, a través de la evaluación de sus propiedades mecánicas. Para ello fueron moldeados cuerpos de prueba de hormigón con diferentes combinaciones de tenores de sustitución de cemento por escoria granulada de fundición (10%, 30% y 50%), en volumen, y relaciones agua/aglomerante (0,40; 0,55 0,70), a ser comparadas con el hormigón de referencia (sin EGF). Para cada edad de hormigón (7, 28 y 91 días) se realizaron ensayos mecánicos, tales como la resistencia a la compresión uniaxial, resistencia a la tracción por compresión diametral y resistencia a la tracción en la flexión. Resultados muestran que la escoria granulada de fundición presenta adecuado desempeño (propiedades mecánicas) en relación a la aplicación propuesta.
Efeito do exercício de ultrarresistência sobre parâmetros de estresse oxidativo
Authors: Schneider Cláudia Dornelles , Silveira Márcio Martins , Moreira José Cláudio Fonseca , Belló-Klein Adriane , Oliveira Alvaro Reischak de
Published: May 2009

INTRODUÇÃO: Exercícios de longa duração podem levar ao desequilíbrio entre os sistemas pró e antioxidante, acarretando dano a lipídeos, proteínas e DNA. Entretanto, alguns estudos avaliando triatlo Ironman observaram proteção aos lipídeos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar parâmetros de estresse oxidativo após uma competição de meio Ironman. MÉTODOS: Participaram 11 sujeitos com idade de 31,1 ± 3,3 anos, massa corporal de 72,4 ± 5,4kg, estatura de 176,2 ± 4,8cm, gordura corporal de 9,8 ± 3,3 %, VO2máx na corrida de 60,7 ± 6,0mL/kg/min. Foram mensurados: dano a lipídeos através da quimiluminescência nos eritrócitos e TBARS no plasma, dano a proteínas através das carbonilas plasmáticas, ácido úrico e compostos fenólicos plasmáticos, assim como a atividade antioxidante enzimática da catalase, superóxido dismutase e glutationa peroxidase nos eritrócitos. RESULTADOS: Houve redução na atividade da enzima superóxido dismutase (23,24 ± 1,49 para 20,77 ± 2,69U SOD/mg proteína, p = 0,045), e aumento no ácido úrico (40,81 ± 10,68 para 60,33 ± 6,71mg/L, p < 0,001) logo após a competição. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes catalase e glutationa peroxidase e nos compostos fenólicos totais, assim como não foi observado dano a lipídeos (TBARS e quimiluminescência) e proteínas (carbonilas). CONCLUSÃO: Esse grupo de atletas não sofreu estresse oxidativo, provavelmente devido à liberação de ácido úrico e outros antioxidantes no plasma.
Influência da atividade física na qualidade de vida e auto-imagem de mulheres incontinentes
Authors: Caetano Aletha Silva , Tavares Maria da Consolação Gomes Cunha Fernandes , Lopes Maria Helena Baena de Moraes , Poloni Raquel Lebre
Published: May 2009

Nosso objetivo foi verificar a influência de uma proposta de atividades físicas na qualidade de vida e na auto-imagem de mulheres incontinentes. Constituiu-se de um estudo comparativo e exploratório realizado durante 16 semanas. Participaram 37 mulheres com e sem incontinência urinária (IU). Após o estudo observamos melhora significativa nos domínios relacionados com a percepção geral de saúde (p < 0,001), impacto da IU (p = 0,035), limitações físicas (p = 0,015), relações pessoais (p = 0,048), sono e disposição (p = 0,012) e em relação às medidas de gravidade (p = 0,011). Na auto-imagem não foram verificadas alterações quanto à aparência; todavia, quanto à satisfação corporal, observamos que as mulheres passaram a sentir-se menos satisfeitas com seu corpo (p = 0,007). Foi relatada diminuição no número de regiões onde sentiam dores (p = 0,0003) e de que não gostavam (p = 0,0017). Conclui-se que os profissionais de Educação Física, por meio de uma proposta de atividades físicas sistematizada e integrada, podem levar mulheres com IU a melhora significativa na percepção de sua qualidade de vida e de sua saúde, em aspectos relacionados à sua auto-imagem e à melhora nos sintomas de IU, com a diminuição da frequência e quantidade da perda urinária.
Fratura supracondiliana do fêmur durante salto após reconstrução artroscópica do ligamento cruzado anterior
Authors: Fukuda Thiago Yukio , Yazbek Paula Meletti , Bryk Flavio Fernandes
Published: May 2009

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A fratura distal do fêmur é uma das possíveis complicações no período pós-operatório de reconstrução de LCA, porém, de incidência rara. RELATO DE CASO: Descreve-se o caso de um atleta de 34 anos, gênero masculino, no quinto mês de pós-operatório de reconstrução de LCA. O caso evoluía normalmente de acordo com o protocolo estabelecido; o paciente apresentava bom controle e estabilidade sensoriomotora, quando sofreu fratura supracondiliana do fêmur ao realizar um salto durante atendimento fisioterápico. A reconstrução ligamentar foi realizada com enxerto dos músculos flexores do joelho e a fratura, ocasionada posteriormente, reduzida e fixada com placa e parafuso. Dez meses após a redução aberta e fixação interna da fratura, apresenta função regular na escala Lysholm, amplitude de movimento normal e força muscular grau V em flexores e extensores da coxa. DISCUSSÃO: Poucos relatos de caso semelhantes ao presente foram encontrados na literatura; a maioria apresentou fratura do fêmur após a reconstrução do LCA com tendão patelar. Este caso mostra-se relevante pela associação da fratura supracondiliana do fêmur com reconstrução ligamentar com tendões dos flexores, visto que apenas um trabalho seguiu tal direção. Dentre as prováveis causas dessa fratura, destacam-se uma fragilidade óssea por desuso e túnel ósseo femoral de diâmetro maior que o padrão, apesar de não haver consenso em relação a essas alterações. Uma hipótese sugerida pelos autores deste relato é de que o túnel ósseo de fixação do enxerto pode ter sido um intensificador de estresse sobre o local da fratura.
Métodos de recuperação pós-exercício: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Pastre Carlos Marcelo , Bastos Fábio do Nascimento , Netto Júnior Jayme , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos Marques , Hoshi Rosangela Akemi
Published: May 2009

A recuperação pós-exercício consiste em restaurar os sistemas do corpo a sua condição basal, proporcionando equilíbrio e prevenindo a instalação de lesões e, nesse sentido, torna-se aspecto importante de todo programa de condicionamento físico, em quaisquer níveis de desempenho, mas, sobretudo nos mais elevados. O objetivo desta revisão foi reunir informações e descrever as respostas proporcionadas por métodos recuperativos pós-exercício, como crioterapia, contraste, massagem e recuperação ativa, constituindo uma fonte de atualização do referido tema. Utilizaram-se os bancos de dados MedLine, Scielo e Lilacs, como lista de periódicos, o SportsDiscus. Foram incluídos no estudo somente ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados e não-controlados, além de artigos de revisão referentes ao tema proposto. Optou-se por procurar os termos: cryotherapy, massage, active recovery, thermotherapy, immersion e exercise, individualmente e em cruzamentos. Como achado, observou-se que alguns estudos relatam que a crioterapia é prejudicial em se tratando de recuperação pós-exercício, pois reduz o desempenho imediatamente após a aplicação da técnica. Por outro lado, estudos apontam como sendo benéfica, pois reduzem o nível de creatinaquinase após alta intensidade de esforço, evitando danos musculares. Para o contraste, embora apresente significância em se tratando de remoção de lactato sanguíneo, sua efetividade necessita ser mais bem discutida. Na massagem e na recuperação ativa, os principais vieses descritos dizem respeito à pressão exercida e à intensidade do exercício, respectivamente. Entre as técnicas, as que parecem ter efeitos semelhantes são o contraste e a recuperação ativa, no que tange à remoção de lactato e diminuição da creatinaquinase. Ressalta-se que o tempo de exposição é de fundamental importância para todos os métodos. Entretanto, diversos estudos não se propõem a identificar os reais efeitos fisiológicos promovidos pelas técnicas, utilizando-as de modo inipiente. Portanto, a inconsistência dos resultados encontrados sugere que a análise das variáveis utilizadas como método de recuperação deve ser mais bem controlada.
Poderia a atividade física induzir analgesia em pacientes com dor crônica?
Authors: Souza Juliana Barcellos de
Published: May 2009

A dor crônica caracteriza-se pela persistência do sintoma além do período fisiológico de recuperação do tecido lesado. Essas dores causam incapacidade física e redução da performance cognitiva, reduzem a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar dos pacientes, cujo tratamento proposto contradiz o clássico binômio da terapia da dor aguda (repouso e fármacos). Para a dor crônica prescrevem-se exercícios físicos e sugerem-se tratamentos multidisciplinares. Embora a atividade física seja prescrita há mais de 20 anos, os mecanismos neurofisiológicos envolvidos ainda não são compreendidos. Descrevemos brevemente os mecanismos endógenos de controle da dor crônica e evidências da literatura científica que defendem o sistema opioide como mecanismo de ação na analgesia induzida pelo exercício em indivíduos sadios e atletas. Esse mecanismo também parece agir na população com dor crônica, embora haja controvérsias. Finalizamos o artigo com considerações clínicas para a prescrição do exercício para a população com dor crônica.
Avaliação da sobrecarga do cuidador de crianças com paralisia cerebral através da escala Burden Interview
Authors: Camargos Ana Cristina Resende , Lacerda Tatiana Teixeira Barral de , Viana Sabrina Oliveira , Pinto Lívia Renata Alves , Fonseca Mara Luiza Santos
Published: May 2009

OBJETIVOS: avaliar fatores que influenciam na sobrecarga dos cuidadores de crianças com paralisia cerebral. MÉTODOS: foram entrevistados 56 cuidadores de crianças com paralisia cerebral com idade entre um e 15 anos. Para avaliar a sobrecarga dos cuidadores foi utilizada a escala Burden Interview e foram coletados dados sobre nível socioeconômico da família, gravidade do comprometimento motor, diagnóstico topográfico e idade das crianças com paralisia cerebral. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados os testes Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: um menor nível socioeconômico da família (p=0,03) e uma menor gravidade do comprometimento motor (p=0,05) das crianças com paralisia cerebral foram associados com maior sobrecarga do cuidador. Não houve diferença significativa em relação ao diagnóstico topográfico (p=0,71) e à idade das crianças com paralisia cerebral (p=0,35). CONCLUSÕES: o conhecimento de fatores que influenciam a sobrecarga dos cuidadores de crianças com paralisia cerebral é mais um dado a ser agregado no planejamento de atenção e intervenção a esse público específico.
Avaliação da assistência ao parto em maternidade terciária do interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Manzini Fernanda Cristina , Borges Vera Therezinha Medeiros , Parada Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima
Published: May 2009

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a estrutura e o processo de assistência ao parto e ao recém-nascido desenvolvidos na maternidade e na unidade de neonatologia de uma instituição hospitalar de nível terciário do interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, transversal, voltado para a análise da adesão às normas preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde e Organização Mundial da Saúde em relação ao parto, avaliando-se os recursos existentes e as atividades desenvolvidas durante a assistência. Os dados foram colhidos nos anos de 2004 e 2005, a partir de entrevista com o gestor da maternidade, análise de 293 prontuários amostradose observação de 29 partos realizados. RESULTADOS: a avaliação da estrutura evidenciou a disponibilidade de equipamentos, instrumentais e medicamentos, de obstetra, pediatra e anestesista eausência de quartos de pré-parto, parto e puerpério.Na análise do processo observouse, entre outras,frequências regulares relacionadas à verificação de pressão arterial e ausculta dos batimentos cardíacos fetais; o preenchimento do partograma foi satisfatório; na assistência ao recém-nascido, foram insatisfatórios o aleitamento na primeira hora de vida e ocontato pele a pele. CONCLUSÕES: algumas práticas úteis no partonormal foram pouco utilizadas. Percebese uma tendência à incorporação de práticas baseadas em evidências científicas, quando se considerou a realização de procedimentos como tricotomia, enteroclisma e episiotomia, demonstrando uma mudançapositiva na assistência ao parto.
Perfil dos microrganismos isolados no trato urinário após sondagem vesical em cirurgia ginecológica
Authors: Hinrichsen Sônia Cristina , Amorim Melania Maria Ramos , Souza Alex Sandro Rolland , Costa Aurélio , Hinrichsen Maria Gabriela M.L. , Hinrichsen Sylvia Lemos
Published: May 2009

OBJETIVOS: determinar os microrganismosfreqüentemente encontrados nas uroculturas apóssondagem vesical e o perfil de sensibilidade aos antibióticos em mulheres submetidas a cirurgia ginecológica eletiva. MÉTODOS: estudo de corte transversal em mulheres submetidas a cirurgia ginecológica com sondagem vesical, no Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, de janeiro a maio de 2007. As uroculturas foram coletadas em dois períodos: até 24h da retirada do cateter e após sete/10 dias. RESULTADOS: amostras de urina foram colhidas em 249 mulheres. Encontrouse 23,6% (n=46) de uroculturas positivas com até 24h da retirada da sonda e 11,1% (n=25) com sete/10 dias após sondagem vesical. Não foi observada diferença significativa em relação aos microrganismos, quando se compararamas duas uroculturas. A Klebsiella spp. foi o principal microrganismo em ambas uroculturas (até 24h=47,8% vs sete/10 dias=44,0%; p=0,76), seguido de Escherichia coli e outros Gram-negativos. Os antibióticos amicacina, cefepima, ciprofloxacina, meropenem e ticarcilina-clavulanato foram os que apresentaram sensibilidade igual ou superior a 75%para os principais microrganismos isolados. CONCLUSÕES: Klebsiella spp. foi o microrganismo mais encontrado nas uroculturas após sondagem vesical em cirurgias ginecológicas e o antibiótico com sensibilidade igual ou maior a 95% com via de administração oral foi a ciprofloxacina.
Bone loss in inflammatory disorders
Authors: Hardy R , Cooper M S
Published: May 2009

Chronic inflammatory diseases of almost any cause are associated with bone loss. Bone loss is due to direct effects of inflammation, poor nutrition, reduced lean body mass, immobility and the effects of treatments, especially glucocorticoids. These mechanisms are complex and interrelated but are ultimately mediated through effects on the bone remodelling cycle. Inflammatory disease can increase bone resorption, decrease bone formation but most commonly impacts on both of these processes resulting in an uncoupling of bone formation from resorption in favour of excess resorption. This review will illustrate these interactions between inflammation and bone metabolism and discuss how these are, and might be, manipulated as therapies for inflammation related bone loss.
Effect of Chokes on Simultaneous Simulation of Reservoir and Surface Facilities
Authors: Schiozer D. J. , Aziz K.
Published: May 2009

The main purpose of this paper is to show the importance of chokes in the simulation of surface facilities and reservoirs as integrated systems. In order to predict producing rates accurately, it is necessary not only to model the fluid flow in the reservoir but also to couple the gathering system to the reservoir. The interaction between these two parts can have a great influence in the performance of the whole system and this interaction is greatly affected by the use of chokes in surface facilities. Existing choke models are evaluated and the effect of placing chokes in the surface model is studied and some results are presented. Techniques for simultaneous simulation of reservoir, well and surface facilities will be presented in a future paper.
May the rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap be the best option for the reconstruction of complicated large defects of pelvic exenteration for vulvar malignancies after pelvic radiation?
Authors: Karateke Ates , Cam Cetin , Celik Cem , Baykal Bahar , Tosun Ozgur
Published: May 2009

Reconstruction of the large defects that develop after pelvic exenteration with local flaps may result in higher morbidity because of poor perineal wound healing after pelvic radiation. A well vascularised reconstructive flap originating from distant non-irradiated areas is needed. We report two cases of pelvic exenteration and rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap procedure in patients with recurrent vulvar malignancies that had undergone external beam pelvic radiation and subsequently developed pelvic fibrosis, necrosis and fistulas. Both flaps were totally viable postoperatively; the abdominal wound healed without any complication, no perineal wound complications developed with a follow-up of nine months. In conclusions, rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction seems to be an ideal option for the large defects resulting from exenteration operations in patients with previous perineal radiation.
An increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessel walls of placental stem villi and differences in the thickness of blood vessel walls in third trimester pre-eclampsia pregnancies
Authors: Baran Özlem , Tuncer Mehmet , Nergiz Yusuf , Akkuş Murat , Erdemoğlu Mahmut , Büyükbayram H.
Published: May 2009

This study has goals of examining whether pre-eclampsia may lead to an increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessel walls of placental stem villi or whether there are differences in the thickness of blood vessel walls within these villi when compared to normotensive pregnant women. Non-infarcted placental tissue samples from 28 participants with uncomplicated pregnancies and 26 patients with pre-eclampsia were obtained. After routine histological procedures, the sections were processed either for conventional Verhoeff staining for the demonstration of elastic fiber system. Paraffine sections from placenta biopsies prepared for light microscopic examination were gathered. In uncomplicated pregnancies, terminal villi blood vessels were observed with no stained elastic tissue fibers in most areas. In the pre-eclampsia pregnancy of human placenta, the elastic fibers significiantly increased in terminal villi blood vessel walls which were dark in color, using Verhoeff’s tissue stain, when comparing with the uncomplicated pregnancy group. Our results indicate that an increase of elastic tissue fibers in blood vessels of placental stem villus and terminal villi, and also an increase of wall thickness during pre-eclampsia.
Postoperative meningitis due to a rare pathogen; Alcaligenes xylosoxidans
Authors: Ozer Burcin , Serarslan Yurdal , Duran Nizami , Akdemir Gokhan , Onlen Yusuf
Published: May 2009

Alcaligenes xylosoxidans is non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli found in soil and water. It is an aerobic bacterium in the genus Achromobacter. This bacterium is motile, oxidase positive, and catalase positive, which is isolated uncommonly from clinical specimens. In the present paper, we report a case of meningitis associated with A. xylosoxidans in a 38-year-old male patient post neurosurgery.
Reduced risk of colorectal cancer and regular consumption of apples: Hospital based case-control study in Poland
Authors: Jedrychowski Wieslaw , Maugeri Umberto , Pac Agnieszka , Sochacka-Tatara Elzbieta , Galas Aleksander
Published: May 2009

Experimental studies in animals and epidemiological evidence supporting the health benefits from apples encouraged the authors to assess the potential protective impact of apples on the risk of colorectal cancer in the course of the hospital based case-control study. A total of 186 incident cases of colorectal cancer — for which the information on histology, anatomic location, and stage of cancer were available — have been enrolled to the study. The comparison group included 211 controls chosen from the patients of the same hospital with no history of cancer and admitted for treatment of non-neoplastic conditions. Interviews of both cases and controls were conducted in hospital settings by trained interviewers. The results showed that the risk of colorectal cancer inversely correlated with daily number of apple servings, but the significant reduction of OR estimates were observed for an intake of one or more apple servings daily (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.15 − 0.91). The risk of colorectal cancer was estimated from the multivariate logistic model including a set of potential confounding variables, such as, demographic characteristics of subjects (age, gender, place of residency, marital status and occupational activity), total energy intake (in tertiles) and intake of vegetables (number of servings per day). No fruits except for apples were significantly associated with the reduced risk of colorectal cancer. The reduction of colorectal risk associated with apple consumption may result from their rich content of flavonoid and other polyphenols, which can inhibit cancer onset and cell proliferation.
Disproportionate correlation between imaging and outcome in an infant with cerebral abscess
Authors: Seddighi Afsoun , Seddighi Amir
Published: May 2009

Brain abscesses represent organized foci of suppuration within the parenchyma. In this paper, we describe the case of a 3-month old girl with a large, complicated cerebral abscess. In addition, the course of treatment is presented. The patient’s recovery was excellent. The follow-up MRI showed only subtle porencephalic changes as the only parenchymal sequels, which may have been due to central nervous system (CNS) plasticity in infants.
Adenocarcinoma in ileal duplication cyst: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Habib Khalid , Khan Mansoor , Sheehan A. , Coker Olujimi
Published: May 2009

Adenocarcinomas of Ileal Duplication Cysts are an extremely rare occurrence, this is a case report and review of current literature as to the best management of this condition.
Metoclopramide induced intermittent opisthotonos in infant
Authors: Balamtekin Necati , Gulgun Mustafa , Sarici S. , Unay Bulent , Dundaroz M.
Published: May 2009

Metoclopramide is widely used as an antiemetic and a prokinetic agent. Both the antiemetic properties and side effects of the drug are the result of dopamine receptor antagonism within the central nervous system. Therapeutic doses of metoclopramide can produce adverse effects. A 5-month-old girl was referred to our emergency department with the pre-diagnosis of afebrile convulsion. In her medical history, she was mistakenly given 2 mg/kg metoclopramide within a 24 h period, after which she became hypertonic and exhibited intermittent opisthotonos. Complete blood count, electrolytes, liver and renal function tests, blood gas analysis, and urinalysis were all within normal limits. Electroencephalogram, brain CT and cerebrospinal fluid examination were normal. Metoclopramide treatment was discontinued and she was treated with biperiden, which led to an improvement in symptoms after 15 minutes and complete remission in 60 minutes. Intermittent opisthotonos may be confused with convulsion in infant and thus lead to an unnecessary hospital admission. Physicians should be aware that metoclopramide is widely used in the pediatric population and children are susceptible to the side effects of metoclopramide and the side effects may present as “intermittent opisthotonos” as observed in our patient.
A novel kinetic-spectrophotometric method for determination of nitrites in water
Authors: Moldovan Zenovia
Published: May 2009

A simple, selective and sensitive kinetic method for the determination of nitrite in water was developed. The method is based on the catalytic effect of nitrite on the oxidation of methylene blue (MB) with bromate in a sulfuric acid medium. During the oxidation process, absorbance of the reaction mixture decreases with the increasing time, inversely proportional to the nitrite concentration. The reaction rate was monitored spectrophotometrically at λ = 666 nm within 30 s of mixing. Linear calibration graph was obtained in the range of 0.005–0.5 μg mL−1 with a relative standard deviation of 2.09 % for six measurements at 0.5 μg mL−1. The detection limit was found to be 0.0015 μg mL−1. The effect of different factors such as acidity, time, bromate concentration, MB concentration, ionic strength, and order of reactants additions is reported. Interference of the most common foreign ions was also investigated. The optimum experimental conditions were: 0.38 mol L−1 H2SO4, 5 × 10.4 mol L−1 KBrO3, 1.25 × 10.5 mol L−1 MB, 0.3 mol L−1 sodium nitrate, and 25°C. The proposed method was conveniently applied for the determination of nitrite in spiked drinking water samples.
Stereodynamics Study of the Reaction of O(3P) with CH4 (v = 0 ,j = 0)
Authors: Liu Yufang , Gao Yali , Zhai Hongsheng , Shi Deheng , Sun Jinfeng
Published: May 2009

A newLondon-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato (LEPS) potential energy surface (PES) is used in the O + CH4 → OH + CH3 reaction via the quasiclassical trajectory method (QCT). Comparing with the experiments and the former ab initio calculations, the new LEPS PES describes the actual potential energy surface of the O + CH4 reaction successfully. The four polarization dependent “generalized” differential cross sections (PDDCS) are presented in the center of mass frame. In the meantime, the distribution of dihedral angle [P(φr), the distribution of angle between k and j' (P(θr)] and the angular distribution of product rotational vectors in the form of polar plots in θr andφr (P(θr, φr) are calculated. The isotope effect for the reactions O + CD4 is also calculated. These results are in good agreement with the experiments.
Metadata behind the Interoperability of Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ballari Daniela , Wachowicz Monica , Callejo Miguel Angel Manso
Published: May 2009

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) produce changes of status that are frequent, dynamic and unpredictable, and cannot be represented using a linear cause-effect approach. Consequently, a new approach is needed to handle these changes in order to support dynamic interoperability. Our approach is to introduce the notion of context as an explicit representation of changes of a WSN status inferred from metadata elements, which in turn, leads towards a decision-making process about how to maintain dynamic interoperability. This paper describes the developed context model to represent and reason over different WSN status based on four types of contexts, which have been identified as sensing, node, network and organisational contexts. The reasoning has been addressed by developing contextualising and bridges rules. As a result, we were able to demonstrate how contextualising rules have been used to reason on changes of WSN status as a first step towards maintaining dynamic interoperability.
Selective Reduction of Dimedone
Authors: Létinois Ulla , Bonrath Werner
Published: May 2009

The selective hydrogenation of dimedone (1) to the corresponding monoketone 2 over palladium and Amberlyst 15® is reported. The product is a synthetic building block for the fragrance and pharmaceutical industry. Advantages of the new catalytic procedure are the high catalyst activity and selectivity, less by-product formation, avoidance of the presence of acid, and consequently, less salt formation due to the omission of a neutralization step. Using a substrate/catalyst ratio of >100 compound 2 can be synthesized in 97% yield at full conversion. Recycling of the catalyst several times has been shown to be feasible without any detectable decrease in selectivity.
Repair of a mal-repaired biliary injury: A case report
Authors: Aldumour Awad
Published: May 2009

Laparoscopic surgery is the main treatment method for patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors. Although laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive, its tool stimulation and pneumoperitoneum pressure often cause strong stress reactions in patients. On the other hand, gastrointestinal surgery can cause stronger pain in patients, compared to other surgeries. Transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) can effectively inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses caused by surgical stimulation, alleviate patient pain, and thus alleviate stress reactions. Remazolam is an acting, safe, and effective sedative, which has little effect on hemodynamics and is suitable for most patients. TAPB combined with remazolam can reduce the dosage of total anesthetic drugs, reduce adverse reactions, reduce stress reactions, and facilitate the rapid postoperative recovery of patients.
Tuning the Thermal Relaxation of a Photochromic Dye in Functionalized Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Mühlstein Lea A. , Sauer Jürgen , Bein Thomas
Published: May 2009

In this study, it is shown that the kinetics of the back‐switching reaction of a photochromic spirooxazine dye encapsulated in mesoporous silica materials can be significantly influenced both by the space available to the dye molecules and by the functionalization of the silica wall. Steric hindrance of the ring‐closing process due to high dye content or small pore size leads to a slow fading speed of the irradiated dye species. Further, the density of surface silanol‐groups present at the silica walls has an effect on the switching behavior of the dye because of their ability to stabilize the zwitterionic merocyanine isomers, thereby slowing the fading process from the open to the closed form. This stabilization effect is further enhanced in the presence of acidic functional groups, while, in contrast, basic functional groups reduce the stabilization of the open‐from dye isomers, and thus a faster decay of the irradiated species is observed. Control over the fading speed of photochromic dyes is interesting for applications requiring a particularly fast or slow fading speed.
Orofacial clefts in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2004
Authors: Genisca Alicia E. , Frías Jaime L. , Broussard Cheryl S. , Honein Margaret A. , Lammer Edward J. , Moore Cynthia A. , Shaw Gary M. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Yang Wei , Rasmussen Sonja A.
Published: May 2009

Orofacial clefts are among the most common types of birth defects, but their clinical presentation has not been well described in a geographically diverse US population. To describe the birth prevalence and phenotype of nonsyndromic clefts, we used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), a multi‐site, population‐based, case‐control study aimed at identifying genetic and environmental risk factors for birth defects. Included in the study were infants born during 1997–2004 with a cleft lip (CL), cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP), or cleft palate (CP). Infants with clefts associated with recognized single‐gene disorders, chromosome abnormalities, holoprosencephaly, or amniotic band sequence were excluded. A total of 3,344 infants with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts were identified, including 751 with CL, 1,399 with CLP, and 1,194 with CP, giving birth prevalence estimates of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.4/1,000 live births, respectively. Among infants with CLP where cleft laterality was specified, about twice as many had unilateral vs. bilateral involvement, while for CL there were over 10 times as many with unilateral versus bilateral involvement. Involvement was most often left‐sided. About one‐quarter of infants with CP had Pierre Robin sequence. Over 80% of infants had an isolated orofacial cleft. Among infants with CL or CLP, heart, limb, and other musculoskeletal defects were most commonly observed, while heart, limb, and central nervous system defects were most common among infants with CP. Better understanding of the birth prevalence and phenotype may help guide clinical care as well as contribute to an improved understanding of pathogenesis. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Konjugierte Polyelektrolyte: Synthese, Photophysik und Anwendungen
Authors: Jiang Hui , Taranekar Prasad , Reynolds John R. , Schanze Kirk S.
Published: May 2009

Ionische Polymere in Aktion: Konjugierte Polyelektrolyte gehören zu einer rasch wachsenden Klasse multifunktioneller Polymere, die ein π‐konjugiertes Rückgrat aufweisen und mit ionischen Gruppen versehen sind, um ihre Löslichkeit zu verbessern. Diese Materialien wurden für Anwendungen in Fluoreszenzbiosensoren sowie in Polymer‐Leuchtdioden und ‐Solarzellen genutzt. MV2+=Methylviologen.

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Die Entwicklung organischer optoelektronischer Polymere hat einen Punkt erreicht, an dem die Kombination aus einer konjugierten Hauptkette mit maßgeschneiderter Struktur und solubilisierenden oder anderweitig modifizierenden Substituenten in den Seitenketten den Zugang zu einer neuen Klasse von Materialien ermöglicht: Konjugierte Polyelektrolyte haben einzigartige Eigenschaften wie Löslichkeit und Verarbeitbarkeit in Wasser, Excitonen‐ und Ladungstransport entlang der Hauptkette, Absorption und Fluoreszenz mit variabler Bandlücke, ionische Wechselwirkungen sowie Aggregationsphänomene. Durch diese Charakteristika kommen die Materialien für Anwendungen in Betracht, die von Leuchtdioden und Farbbildschirmen über Photovoltaik und Photodetektoren zu chemischen und biologischen Sensoren reichen. Dieser Aufsatz zeichnet die Entwicklung der CPE‐Strukturen von einfachen Polymeren hin zu komplexen Materialien nach. Ebenso werden photophysikalische Aspekte wie die verstärkte Löschung in Makromolekülen und Aggregaten beschrieben, und es wird illustriert, dass diesen Materialien durch ihre physikalischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften zahlreiche Einsatzmöglichkeiten offenstehen.
Efficient Replication Bypass of Size‐Expanded DNA Base Pairs in Bacterial Cells
Authors: Delaney James C. , Gao Jianmin , Liu Haibo , Shrivastav Nidhi , Essigmann John M. , Kool Eric T.
Published: May 2009

Groß, aber nicht zu groß: Vergrößerte DNA‐Basen (xDNA) können natürliche DNA‐Sequenzen in der Replizierung kodieren. In‐vitro‐Experimente mit einer DNA‐Polymerase belegen den Nucleotideinbau mit korrekter Paarung gegenüberliegend zu xDNA‐Basen, und bei In‐vivo‐Replizierungen mit E. coli führten die beiden xDNA‐Basen xA und xC (siehe Bild) zum Einbau der korrekten Partner.

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Die Chemie von niedrig koordiniertem Phosphor
Authors: Russell Christopher A.
Published: May 2009

Die jüngsten Entwicklungen bei Verbindungen mit niedrig koordiniertem Phosphor zeigen klar, dass dieses Element noch immer voller Überraschungen steckt. Beispielsweise diente die Substitution von CR durch P bei neuen Phosphaalkinen dazu, mutmaßliche Intermediate einer wichtigen Transformation zu stabilisieren und neuartige Diphosphacyclobutadien‐Sandwich‐Komplexe herzustellen (siehe Schema).

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Low‐Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Copper Metal Thin Films: Self‐Limiting Surface Reaction of Copper Dimethylamino‐2‐propoxide with Diethylzinc
Authors: Lee Byoung H. , Hwang Jae K. , Nam Jae W. , Lee Song U. , Kim Jun T. , Koo Sang‐M. , Baunemann A. , Fischer Roland A. , Sung Myung M.
Published: May 2009

Ein einheitlicher, winkeltreuer dünner Film aus reinem Kupfermetall wurde bei sehr niedrigen Substrattemperaturen (100–120 °C) auf Si(100)‐Substraten durch Atomlagenabscheidung erzeugt, an der ein Ligandenaustausch beteiligt ist (siehe Schema). Gemusterte dünne Kupferfilme aus Cu‐Nanoröhren (Durchmesser 150 nm, Länge 12 μm) wurden ebenfalls hergestellt.

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Nickel‐Catalyzed Formation of a Carbon–Nitrogen Bond at the β Position of Saturated Ketones
Authors: Ueno Satoshi , Shimizu Ryosuke , Kuwano Ryoichi
Published: May 2009

Propiophenon und verwandte Ethylketone reagieren mit Morpholin in Gegenwart von K3PO4, Chlorbenzol und dem [Ni(cod)2]/PMe3‐Katalysator unter selektiver Bildung einer Kohlenstoff‐Stickstoff‐Bindung an der β‐Position (siehe Schema; cod=Cycloocta‐1,5‐dien). Sekundäre Amine als Substrate liefern die entsprechenden β‐Enaminone.

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Self‐Mediated Stereoselective Oxidation of Thia‐Capped Cyclodextrins
Authors: Armspach Dominique , Matt Dominique , Toupet Loic
Published: May 2009

Selbstkontrolle: endo‐Sulfoxide entstehen selektiv, wenn Thia‐überdachte Cyclodextrine mit m‐Chlorperoxybenzoesäure (m‐CPBA) in Wasser oxidiert werden, wobei intermediär ein Oxidans‐Cyclodextrin‐Einschlusskomplex auftritt. Bei Verwendung eines organischen Mediums bilden sich bevorzugt exo‐Sulfoxide.

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Determination of the Superradiance Coherence Length of Directly Linked Linear Porphyrin Arrays at the Single‐Molecule Level
Authors: Yang Jaesung , Yoo Hyejin , Aratani Naoki , Osuka Atsuhiro , Kim Dongho
Published: May 2009

Der Verlauf des Photobleichens zeigt an, dass die Excitonendelokalisierungslänge in direkt verknüpften Porphyrinketten (siehe Bild) ungefähr vier bis fünf Porphyrineinheiten beträgt. Dieses Resultat gibt Einblick in den Mechanismus der Lichtübertragung im Festkörper und belegt, dass Porphyrinanordnungen als molekulare photonische Drähte fungieren könnten.

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A Powerful Chiral Counteranion Motif for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: García‐García Pilar , Lay Frank , García‐García Patricia , Rabalakos Constantinos , List Benjamin
Published: May 2009

Viel Platz: Ein chirales Disulfonimid wurde als leistungsfähiges neues Motiv für die asymmetrische Katalyse entwickelt. Als erste Illustration seiner Eignung wird eine hocheffiziente enantioselektive Mukaiyama‐Aldolreaktion beschrieben (siehe Schema) und dabei ein in situ erzeugtes N‐Silylimid als tatsächlicher Katalysator angenommen.

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N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Catalyzed Transformation of N‐Tethered 1,5‐Bisallenes to 6,7‐Dimethylene‐3‐azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes
Authors: Kim Soo Min , Park Ji Hoon , Kang Youn Kyung , Chung Young Keun
Published: May 2009

Tying up loose ends: The reaction of bisallenes tethered with N‐(p‐tolylsulfonamide) in the presence of a cationic gold N‐heterocyclic carbene catalyst gave new cycloisomerization products, 6,7‐dimethyleneazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes, in high yields (see scheme; IPr=N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene).

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Local and Collective Motions in Precise Polyolefins with Alkyl Branches: A Combination of 2H and 13C Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Wei Yuying , Graf Robert , Sworen John C. , Cheng Chi‐Yuan , Bowers Clifford R. , Wagener Kenneth B. , Spiess Hans Wolfgang
Published: May 2009

Branching out: The mobility of linear polymers changes upon branching, which has a pronounced effect on processability and drawability. Regularly branched model polyolefins were studied by advanced solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, and twist defects around the branches in the crystalline regions are identified. For lower branch content, the twisting motions are decoupled; for higher content, collective motion is found (see picture).

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Subliming the Unsublimable: How to Deposit Nanographenes
Authors: Rouhanipour Ali , Roy Mainak , Feng Xinliang , Räder Hans Joachim , Müllen Klaus
Published: May 2009

Quite sublime: Thin‐layer fabrication of unsublimable large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by pulsed laser deposition was used to prepare samples for scanning tunneling microscopy. Giant PAHs with up to 222 carbon atoms can be visualized—a size that was previously not possible because of the lack of suitable deposition methods.

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Addition of Dimethylaminobismuth to Aldehydes, Ketones, Alkenes, and Alkynes
Authors: Nekoueishahraki Bijan , Sarish Sankaranarayana Pillai , Roesky Herbert W. , Stern Daniel , Schulzke Carola , Stalke Dietmar
Published: May 2009

BiO chemistry: A direct regioselective route to bismuth bis(amino)naphthalene compounds, incorporating BiO and BiC bonds is described, in which an amide precursor is treated with aldehydes, ketones, alkenes, and alkynes, leading to insertion into the BiNMe2 bond.

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Epoxidation of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil by peroxyacids
Authors: Goud Vaibhav V. , Dinda Srikanta , Patwardhan Anand V. , Pradhan Narayan C.
Published: May 2009

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil with iodine value 104 g I2/100 g, and containing 44.7% oleic acid and 31.4% linoleic acid, was epoxidised in situ with hydrogen peroxide (30%) and acetic/formic acid in the presence of catalytic amounts of sulphuric acid. We have compared the kinetics of epoxidation of jatropha oil (JO) by peroxyacetic and peroxyformic acids, in or without toluene at 30, 50, 70, and 85 °C. The effects of temperature and various mole ratios on epoxidation rate, oxirane ring stability, and iodine value of the epoxidised oil were studied, and optimum conditions were established. The rate constants for epoxidation of JO were found to be in the range 0.22–69.4 × 10−6 l.mol−1.s−1 and activation energies were found to be 64.46 KJ.mol−1, 72 KJ.mol−1, 59 KJ.mol−1, 68.24 KJ.mol−1, for peroxyacetic and peroxyformic acids in or without toluene, respectively. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of hydrogen on the synthesis of carbon nanofibers by CO disproportionation on ultrafine Fe3O4
Authors: Lu Wenxin , Sui Zhijun , Zhou Jinghong , Li Ping , Zhou Xinggui , Chen De
Published: May 2009

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are grown by catalytic CO disproportionation over ultrafine Fe3O4 catalyst at a hydrogen concentration of 0–29.17%, and the time‐depending rates of CNFs growth are continuously monitored and the morphologies of the as‐synthesized CNFs are analyzed. Increasing H2 concentration will lower CO dissociation energy and assist catalyst reconstruction so as to shorten the induction period and increase the growth rate of CNFs, but it will also increase the rate of catalyst deactivation because carbon hydrogasification is not possible and carbon diffusion in the catalyst particle is rate limiting. As a result of H2‐induced catalyst reconstruction and carbon deposition, the morphology of the CNFs changes from twisty to helical and to straight and becomes less entangled when the H2 concentration is increased. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DBD regeneration of GAC loaded with acid orange 7
Authors: Qu Guang‐Zhou , Li Jie , Li Guo‐Feng , Wu Yan , Lu Na
Published: May 2009

Activated carbon (AC) has been widely used as adsorbent in various industrial applications, such as purification of water in sewage facilities and filtration of air in toxicity‐treating factories. However, after exhaustion, AC should be regenerated and reused because of the limited resources for AC production and additional secondary pollution of spent‐carbon dumped into water or soil. In this study, a process for regenerating AC based on high active species (O3, ·OH, HO2, O2, ·RO, etc.) generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) oxidation was proposed. The regeneration of granular‐activated carbon (GAC) exhausted with azo dye acid orange 7 was investigated to assay this method. The influences of the parameters, such as treatment time, electric field and gas kind, on the readsorption rate were studied systematically. The results of structural properties of GAC analyses showed that the surface area, the micropore area, external surface area, micropore volume and total volume of GAC after three cycles DBD treatment decreased to different extent. The adsorption isotherms indicated that the regeneration efficiency was about 81% after three times DBD plasma regeneration cycles, which confirmed the reuse feasibility of the regenerated GAC. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of varying fiber lengths on mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of MA‐g‐PP compatibilized and chemically modified short pineapple leaf fiber reinforced polypropylene composites
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sanjay K. , Khandal R. K. , Uppaluri Ramagopal , Ghoshal Aloke K.
Published: May 2009

Environmentally benign, low cost and abundantly available short pineapple leaf fibers (PALF), found mostly in the Tropical rain forest climates are ideal materials for manufacture of thermoplastic polymer‐matrix composites. Here, mechanical and thermal properties of composites of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA‐g‐PP) and chemically modified short PALF are studied as a function of different fiber lengths at 10 vol % fibers loading with fiber orientation in the longitudinal direction. The effects of fiber lengths and fiber loading on the morphological properties are assessed via observations by scanning electron microscopy. Fiber length of 6 mm oriented longitudinally at 10 vol % fibers loading in PP is the optimum and recommended composition, where 73% increase in impact properties, 37% increase in the flexural modulus, 33% increase in flexural strength, and 14% increase in vicat softening temperature are observed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Solvent‐Directed Self‐Assembly of π Gelators to Hierarchical Macroporous Structures and Aligned Fiber Bundles
Authors: Babu Sukumaran S. , Mahesh Sankarapillai , Kartha Kalathil K. , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai
Published: May 2009

Morphology variation: The Boc‐alanine linked OPV exhibits an unprecedented formation of periodic macroporous honeycomb structures in chloroform and aligned fiber bundles in toluene (see SEM images). This represents a unique example for a distinct morphology change of an organogelator from macroporous honeycomb to aligned fiber bundles upon changing the solvent.

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