bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined use of microbiological preparations and Nano Silicon in oats cultivation
Authors: Sokolenko G G , Podlesniy N V , Zadorozhnaya V A
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of the studies on the combined use of microbiological preparations and NanoSilicon in oat cultivation. Biological products (Fungilex, Bactophosphine, Extrasol, Fitosporine) were used for presowing seed treatment, NanoSilicon – for leaf treatment. Presowing seed treatment with Fitosporine, Bactophosphine, and Extrasol increased the height of oat plants and changedthe panicle length: the height of oat plants after seed treatment with Extrasol was 6.3 cm or 8.3% higher than the control one, with Fitosporine – 5.9 cm or 7.7% higher. Fungilex seed treatment reduced oat height by 6.5 cm, or by 8.5%. Bactophosphine seed treatment did not affect the plant height. While the combined use of seed bacterization and treatment with NanoSilicon decreased the height of oat plants by 1.6-18.7 cm, or by 2.1-22.6%, the stimulating effect of the combined use of Fungilex and NanoSilicon on the growth and height of plants was observed. Seed bacterization with biological products increased the yield of oats. It was greatest when using Extrasol for seed treatment and amounted to 25.9 c/ha, which was 7.0 c/ha higher than in the control option. The leaf treatment with NanoSilicon increased the yield by 2.6-5.4 c/ha. Combined treatment of oat plants with Nanosilicon and Extrasol reduced the yield by 1.6 c/ha. The combined presowing seed treatment with biological products and leaf treatment with NanoSilicon increased the yield of oats by 2.7-5.9 kg/ha compared to the control option due to an increase in the number and weight of grains in the panicle. The highest yield – 26.7 c/ha was obtained when treating seeds with Fungilex and leaves with NanoSilicon (7.8 c/ha or 37.0% higher than in the control option).
Economic efficiency of fertilizer system in field crop rotation of the Trans-Urals
Authors: Plotnikov A M , Sukhanova S F , Sazhina S V , Sozinov A V , Postovalov A A
Published: January 2020

In order to determine the optimal combination of components of a fertilizer system economic and agronomic efficiency of lime, organic and mineral fertilizers in grain and steam crop rotation in the forest steppe of the Trans-Urals was analyzed. The definition of agronomic efficiency showed that the payback of 1 kg of active ingredient (a.i.) of added fertilizers yield gain on average over 3 years made 1.04-1.42 kg, the maximum payback was observed in the option with a dose of N30P30 – 5.33 kg of grain units (g.u.)/kg a.i. The increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers increased the production costs and reduced the payback from 2.12 to 1.49 rubles. Options of mixed organo-mineral fertilizer on the basis of sapropel with lime and mineral fertilizers in the ratio of mass fractions 1:0,1:0,01 and 1:0,1:0,05 are proposed.
Cultivation of legume-grain agrocenoses for the purpose of resource saving in forage production
Authors: Bevz S , Toshkina E
Published: January 2020

In order to identify more cost-effective technologies and cheaply grown crops, it is possible to compare various options on the basis of their total energy consumption and agro-energetics ratio. The analysis of the energy parameters of the technology of field and meadow forage production showed that the energy cost of cultivation of grain and legume - grain agrocenoses and their structure varied significantly and depended on the composition of cenoses, different types and doses of fertilizers, the type and quantity of seeds of annual crops and their energy consumption. In all agrocenoses, the operational energy costs were not equally distributed. The lowest cost accounted for labor (10 to 30%), and the highest cost (60 to 70%) – for fuel. The introduction of the legume component that does not require the application of energy-intensive nitrogen fertilizers to the field and meadow agrocenoses significantly reduces the energy consumption for their cultivation. This has affected the agroenergetics ratio of various technologies. Due to the inclusion of Vicia sativa (tare) in the field cenosis, the agroenergetics ratio increased by 20%, and the inclusion of clover in the meadow agrocenosis has led to the two-fold increase of the agroenergetics ratio, compared with grain cenoses. That is, when cultivating legume-grain grass stand, the greatest agroenergetics ratio was achieved. The yield of exchange energy is almost 9 times higher than the energy spent on the cultivation of this agrocenosis. For the purpose of resource saving in forage production and preparation of high-quality forage, it is expedient to cultivate legume-grain agrocenoses. The introduction of the legume component in the field and meadow agrocenoses will not only increase the nutritional value of the forage, but also rise the agroenergetics ratio.
Effect of fertilizers on the accumulation of nutrients by the green mass of the oatmeal mixture in the Vologda Oblast
Authors: Chukhina O , Demidova A , Kulakova I , Obryaeva O , Kulakov D
Published: January 2020

In the Vologda region over 2016–2018 on average on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil the studies revealed that the calculated doses of fertilizers increase the yield of green mass of the oatmeal mixture by 38–48%, the accumulation of crude protein increases by 315–369 kg/ha, the metabolic energy increases by 26.3–31.8 GJ/ha compared to the reference. In terms of reimbursement, there is an advantage of the organomineral fertilizer system of annual crops over the equivalent mineral fertilizer system by 4.6 kg of green mass and by 12 MJ of metabolic energy per 1 kg of fertilizers.
Application of disinfectant “hyponat bpo” for the disinfection of slaughtering and live-stock dressing workshops
Authors: Popov P A
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of laboratory studies and production tests of the developed disinfection regimes for slaughterhouses and live-stock dressing workshops. As a result of conducted laboratory and production tests, it was found that disinfectant “Huponat BPO” provides 100% disinfection of the premises of slaughtering and live-stock dressing workshops, as well as equipment at slaughterhouses. Thus, it was determined that the positive effect of surface disinfection according to test cultures control of E. coli and S.aureus was achieved with a consumption rate of 0.5 l/square meter and an exposure of 90 minutes.
Using quality function deployment for improving fish preserves technology
Authors: Dvoryaninova O P , Alekhina A V , Kutsova A E , Kosenko I S , Pegina A N
Published: January 2020

Modern market-driven economy requires manufacturing high-quality and competitive products to make enterprises successful. The present paper analyzes the works on fishing industry in Russia and the qualitative indicators of fish preserves, identifies the main consumer properties and the main characteristics of the products studied, and constructs a matrix for planning the quality of preserves made from pond fish.
A comparative technological indicator analysis of bred cow productivity of main breeds in the Voronezh region
Authors: Krupitsyn V V , Vostroilov A V , Ruzhkov E I , Shilov Y A
Published: January 2020

According to the solution of many tasks of the Russian Federation state policy on the agro-industrial complex development, the dairy cattle breeding industry is considered a priority. Milk and dairy products is one of the most important food products in the world, it is consumed by various age population categories, which results in necessity for state stimulation of the dairy industry development [1]. This article substantiates the effective results of technological indicators of the cow productivity bred in the Voronezh region of the main breeds, since Simmental, red-motley and Holstein, with the technology of their tie-up year-round and yard housing. Based on the research results, it was noted that these breeds have a high potential for indicators of productivity and quality of raw milk. However, the influence of intensive industrial and technological conditions affects the duration of the productive cow use. The work presents the results of average productive indicators of imported cattle of Holstein and Simmental breeds, taking into account their acclimatization in the Voronezh region for 5-6 years and their technological use proving the effectiveness of raw milk production. On this basis, it can be noted that imported cattle have high acclimatization rates. In a comparative aspect, the perspectivity of using the yard cattle housing in large livestock complexes are justified. The economic efficiency of raising imported and domestic selection cows in the dairy farm conditions of an agroholding agricultural company is calculated.
A way to increase the implementation of the bioresource potential of animals and birds
Authors: Aristov A V , Esaulova L A , Semenov S N , Skogoreva A M , Matyushevsky L A
Published: January 2020

The work studies the consistent relationship of such basic concepts of a scientific approach to feeding highly productive animals as the “norm of animal needs for nutrients”, “diet”, “feed”, “typical stages of preparation of feed”. The mechanism and the need for deep processing of grain in the form of extrusion are considered in more detail, special attention is paid to the need for soybean extrusion. So, at OOO Meat Farms-Iskra, the use of extruded soybeans as a part of compound feeds for cattle fattening gives feed saving per 1 kg of growth of 13.6 rubles. In the production of chicken eggs by the Summer group of companies, when using mixed fodder with extruded soybeans, the cost of feed spent on 10 eggs decreases compared to the use of mixed fodder with soybean meal by 1.35 rubles. When broilers were grown at the Shushenskaya poultry farm, significant cost savings were achieved by introducing corn gluten into the diet along with extruded soybeans, while saving feed costs per 1 kg of growth compared to the basic diet was 2.2 rubles. The possibility of including extruded soybeans when feeding dairy cows at livestock complexes of EkoNivaAgro OOO in the conditions of the Voronezh region is considered.
Justification of parameters of automatic control system of robot feed distribution in cattle barn
Authors: Bakirov S M , Logachev O V , Shlyupikov S V
Published: January 2020

The algorithm of operations of the automatic control system of the robot feed distribution in the cattle barn is proposed. The requirements for the workflow of a technological operation and of a robot are formulated. The main parameters of the control system are highlighted. The main parameters are data on orientation in space and time. An example of the length of time of technological operations in a typical cowshed with the type of feeding through the feed table is described. Orientation parameters in the barn space are set by control points and the distance between them. The main function of trimming the feed is described using the parameters of the distance of the feeder space.
Qualitative analysis of quail meat of various genotypes
Authors: Glinkina I M , Kashirina N A , Ponomareva I N
Published: January 2020

Quail breeding expands the range of poultry products through the production of highly nutritious dietary semi-finished and canned products. Quail meat is superior to other types of poultry. According to its physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics, it refers to a dietary product. The research objects are quail carcasses. In order to identify features of quantitative indicators of quail meat, carcasses of three genotypes were analyzed: Japanese quail, Estonian quail and hybrid quail - F1. The paper presents results of studies of the qualitative characteristics of quail meat of these genotypes. The data on the chemical composition, content of essential amino acids, and the nutritional value are presented. The organoleptic evaluation of carcasses, the structure of fresh meat of white and red muscles are described. The results allow us to determine the best genotype for producing meat products with a high biological value, as well as to establish differences and characteristics of the composition of quail meat depending on the genotype.
Two-yielding potato culture in Moscow region
Authors: Ivashova O , Sychev V , Dyikanova M , Levshin A , Gasparyan I
Published: January 2020

Double potato harvest is obtained in the southern regions of the country. In recent years, due to warming, this method of growing has become possible in the middle lane, in the Moscow region. Tubers are marketable, have a delicate taste and are in demand among the population. The first crop is sold at a higher price, and the second crop allows the use of young delicious potatoes until late autumn. This contributes to the production of physiologically young tubers, which leads to the maintenance of planting material in a healthy state for a longer time without variety updating, also physiologically young tubers are better stored and need to be stored less time, thereby reducing storage costs. Obtaining two harvests of potato tubers will make the potato industry in Russia more autonomous and economically more profitable.
Features of growth, development and main indicators of bloodin chickens of Hubbard Redbro M dual-line cross
Authors: Pashtetskiy V S , Ostapchuk P S , Postnikova O N , Korotkiy V P , Kuevda T A , Pashtetskaya A V
Published: January 2020

The use of active carbon additive (ACA) in the diet of in chickens of Hubbard Redbro M dual-line cross and its effect on their growth and the main blood parameters is reflected in the article. Feeding ACA gives a significant increase in live weight (3.5 – 7.5 %) during the growth period. RBC and WBC in the experimental group are within the physiological norm. The index of serum bactericidal activity in relation to the S. aureus test-culture in serum dilution 1:10 is higher in experimental group. Starting with the phase of logarithmic growth of test culture after a three hour exposure in the dilution of 1:5 is approximately the same in both groups. Serum bactericidal activity in E. coli test-culture is higher in control samples than in experimental ones in serum dilution is 1:5 higher than in dilution of 1:10. The data obtained are confirmed by an indicator of the intensity of serum bactericidal activity: the difference between the experimental and control groups vary from 2.1 to 5.6 abs. %. There is a positive relationship between indicators of serum bactericidal activity on the background of the studied test-cultures. At the dilution of serum in chickens of control group 1:10 correlation of serum bactericidal activity with the index in the experimental group were not observed.
Development of anti-leukemia measures in livestock farms of Kalmykia on the basis of complex diagnosis of the disease
Authors: Gendzhiev A Ya , Abakin S S , Mashtykov S S , Ubushieva V S , Ubushieva A V
Published: January 2020

The efficiency of diagnostic methods to control cattle leukemia during health measures in the farms of the Republic of Kalmykia was studied and a plan of anti-leukemia measures was developed. As a result, at a negative growth rate (-90.2%) the ill-being index defining the breadth of incidence in the territory of the republic was reduced by 10.2 times over 2003-2018. At the same time, while over 9 years from 2003 to 2008 the average ill-being index was within 0.42, from 2009 to 2018 it decreased from 0.33 to 0.03. The average tension coefficient, which takes into account the rate of acquisition of Bovine Leukemia Virus in the territory of the Republic by the end of the period (2018), remains zero.
Influence of devices for cleaning the milk pipes of the milking units on the ecology of milk production
Authors: Kirsanov V V , Matveev V Yu , Maslov M M , Zaikin W P , Erzamaev M P
Published: January 2020

The article describes the improved design of a mechanical cleaner that improves the efficiency of the sanitization of a milking unit. The developed devices allow adding to the hydraulic effect of the washing solution the mechanical effect of the foam and bristle cleaning base. A description is given of the design and principle of operation of mechanical cleaners designed and manufactured at the Nizhny Novgorod State Engineering and Economic University with foam and scrubbed cleaning the base. The results show that if spiral holes are added to the structure, the rotation frequency of the structure increases by an average of 30%, and its linear speed decreases by 20%, compared with the previous design. The use of these devices can reduce the emission of detergents and disinfectants and thereby increase the environmental friendliness of milk production.
Using electrodialysis technology for regeneration of hydrochloric acid from sour pectin extracts
Authors: Lukin A , Marayeva O , Vysotskaya Y
Published: January 2020

The article focuses on investigation of efficiency of electrodialysis membrane technology for regeneration of hydrochloric acid in pectin extracts. Traditional methods involving using ethanol, encounter various technical problems. Application of electrodialysis membrane technology is considered to be an efficient solution. The study aims at evaluating the capacity of the membrane method in the process of hydrochloric regeneration in apple and beet pectin extracts and the way it affects the characteristics of pectin molecules of both types. The experiments show the possibility of almost full regeneration of hydrochloric acid for a reuse in the process of further extraction of apple and beet pectins. Such approach also enhances an increase in the degree of esterification and molecular mass of pectins, which is especially important in the case of less low-molecular beet pectin. The increase in the esterification degree boosts its jellying effect, but reduces its detoxicant capacity.
Formation of polyvid agrophytocenosis for perennial grasses under growth stimulants
Authors: Vasin V G , Vasin A V , Vasina A A , Karlova I V , Kazhaeva A A
Published: January 2020

The aim of the research is the formation of polyvid hay-pasture grass stand based on Bromus inermis under growth stimulants. The paper presents the study results for 2015-2018 with the assessment of seed quality indicators, seedling completeness, plant height and aerial mass gain. Our studies have shown that when studying grass stands based on Bromus inermis, the parameters for grass stands with leguminous components have good indicators. The best option is Bromus inermis + Bromopsisriparia + Sainfoins. It is also good when there is Bromus inermis + Bromopsisriparia +Medicago. The study observations showed that the stems growth in height occurs at the beginning of the growing season gradually from the tillering phase in cereals and branching in legumes, to the phase of fruit formation. Our studies also proved that the more components in the mixture, the higher its productivity. The use of growth stimulants (GUMI 20M and Growth Matrix) leads to changes in the parameters of grass stands and the accumulation of aboveground mass. The highest indices are in the phase of fruit formation with maximum values in grass mixtures with legumes.
Study of feed protein supplement with the properties of phytobiotics
Authors: Drannikov A V , Derkanosova A A , Korotaeva A A , Orinicheva A A , Pribytkov A V
Published: January 2020

The Russian market is oversaturated with grain raw materials in the composition of animal feed, which are characterized by protein deficiency and poor digestibility of nutrients. One of the problems of modern animal husbandry is increasing productivity, and most importantly - reducing the cost of products due to the efficient use of feed nutrients. The indiscriminate use of feed antibiotics as growth stimulants is due to the high cost of imported phytobiotics and poses an additional threat to human and animal health. Phytocompounds affect the processes of metabolism and neutralization of foreign substances, which are carcinogens and mutagens. They have the ability to bind free radicals and reactive metabolites of foreign substances, inhibit xenobiotic activating enzymes and activate detoxication enzymes. Phytobiotics have antiviral, antimicrobial, as well as immunomodelling effects. When they are included in any diet, feed intake increases, the acid-base environment normalizes. Phytobiotics are safe both for farm animals and birds, and for people, easy to use and store, and can also ensure a return on investment. The amino acid composition and antioxidant activity of the protein feed additive obtained from the leaf-stem mass of red clover plants were studied. The qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids and the value of antioxidant activity show the feasibility of introducing a feed protein supplement into the diet of farm animals and birds.
Study of the calcium and phosphorus exchange dynamics in germinating oilseeds
Authors: Samofalova L A , Artyomova E N , Safronova O V
Published: January 2020

The article is aimed at unifying technological approaches to production of functional drinks from hemp and soybean seeds. We studied the change in chemical states of calcium and phosphorus during swelling and germination, as one of the factors that enable the osmoregulation of the protein complex and increase stability of plant dispersions from bioactivated seeds. Seeds at rest, swelling seeds and germinating seeds and aqueous dispersions based on them were studied. The sources of insoluble and soluble forms of macronutrients in the cellular structures of bioactivated seeds were studied. It has been established that swelling forms of calcium included in the general metabolism become mobile. A further increase in calcium content in the aqueous dispersion up to 98.5% is accompanied by a rapid increase in conditionally soluble calcium (14.6 times) and an increase in stability of the system. Calcium metabolism in seeds is accompanied by changes in the phosphorus-salt composition. Within 48 hours, with an insignificant (4.7%) decrease in total phosphorus, an increase in soluble inorganic phosphorus (67.5%) and a decrease in organic phosphorus (51.9%) were observed. The appearance of inorganic phosphates and calcium ions in cell juice can be associated with the hydrolysis of phytin. In such forms, digestibility of phosphorus and calcium increases. Similar results were obtained for dispersions from germinating soybean seeds.
Effect of metal nanoparticles on the accumulation and structure of rapeseed carbohydrates
Authors: Churilova V V , Churilov G I , Churilov D G , Polischuk S D , Arapov I S
Published: January 2020

The purpose was to conduct field tests of the most active metal nanoparticles of iron, cobalt and copper to realize the maximum accumulation of polysaccharides in plants; to develop a method for obtaining and studying the structure of polysaccharides obtained from plants treated before sowing with metal nanoparticles; to study the physical-chemical characteristics of polysaccharides and the monosaccharide composition under the influence of metal nanoparticles. Before sowing, seed treatment was carried out with suspensions of nanoparticles with a concentration of 0.5 g/ha (hectare seed sowing rate). Observed under the influence of copper nanoparticles, the yield increased by 15 % comparison to the control one. When determining the monosaccharide composition, in addition to changing the quantitative content of monosaccharides, a high concentration of galacturonic acid was observed, especially when treating seeds with copper nanoparticles before sowing.
Growth features of rare species of the Fabaceae l. family on sod-carbotate soils in the flora of the Novgorod region
Authors: Abdushaeva Ia M , Shtro O V
Published: January 2020

The results of geobotanical description of natural landscapes are provided in this paper. The agrochemical characteristics of soils on the studied areas are given. The habitats of rare and genetically significant species of legumes in the flora of the Novgorod region were identified. The soil cover of the Novgorod region is extremely complex and diverse, which is due to the large heterogeneity of the terrain, the diversity of soil-forming rocks and the difference in the bioclimatic situation in its areas. Millennial anthropogenic activity also left its strong imprint on the soil pattern. In the soils of the region, depending on the features of the parent rocks and other conditions, the nature of the horizon also changes. In some cases, it is metamorphic, in others - eluvial-illuvial or illuvial. Morphological differences are reflected in the chemical and physical properties of the respective layers. The development of sod-podzolic soils on carbonate moraine, common in all natural areas of the region and known as sod-podzolic residual carbonate, is characterized by varying degrees of secondary saturation of the bases of the upper horizons or only weak unsaturation with distinct morphological podzol content. The deceleration rate of the podzolic process depends both on the intensity and method of cultivation, and on the saturation degree of rock carbonate content, the depth of the carbonate occurrence and its nature. The features of formation, structure, properties and classification of sod-carbonate soils of the Novgorod region are observed in this research. Data on agricultural use of various subtypes of sod-carbonate soils in comparison with sod-podzolic soils are presented below.
Evaluation methodology of the potential of agricultural universities in the “experimental digital pilot farm” project
Authors: Solodovnik A I , Gulyaeva T I
Published: January 2020

The digitization of agriculture needs the methodological support in comprehensive assessment of scientific and educational, experimental and industrial potential of agricultural universities. The article examines the methodology and criteria of this potential evaluation under the project “experimental digital pilot farm”. The findings include the evaluation scheme of such project’s development on the basis of the agricultural university. The integrated index of the evaluation has also been developed with the use of the statistics method, the sociological and expert survey. It is argued that the objective evaluation of the digitization efficiency on the level of a particular farm will help to choose differential strategies on digital transformation of agrarian enterprises.
Conformity assessment of product quality in the consumer market
Authors: Shelamova S A , Derkanosova N M , Konovalova S N , Zharikova O A
Published: January 2020

Among the traditional types of tea in the Russian market, Chinese Pu-erh tea has a special place. In the work, samples of Pu-erh tea presented on the market of Voronezh were investigated. The samples of black and green tea were compared. By mass fraction of moisture, water-soluble extractive substances, total ash, and the share of soluble ash, all tea samples met the standards. The amount of tannin in some samples of Pu-erh tea was low — 4.6–6.0% in NE; in terms of antioxidant activity (AOA), AOA, they were also inferior to black and green tea. A general positive correlation of tannin and AOA levels was noted. The fact that not all polyphenols have antioxidant properties is evidenced by the fact that the tannin content in tea samples differed by 7 times, AOA - by 3 times. To determine the antioxidant activity (AOA), we used the electrochemical titration method on an Expert-006 instrument in a cell with a background electrolyte — KBr in a H2SO4 solution; the marker is ascorbic acid. It is established that the method is simple, convenient; gives a relative error within 5%.
The taxonomic structure of southern chernozem at the genus level influenced by microbial preparations and farming systems
Authors: Melnichuk T N , Abdurashytov S F , Andronov E E , Abdurashytova E R , Egovtseva A Yu , Gongalo A A , Turin E N , Pashtetskiy V S
Published: January 2020

The taxonomic structure of the microbiome of southern chernozem compared to virgin soil was studied in the stationary experiment on the use of microbial preparations in the conditions of traditional for the steppe part of the Crimea and each culture of the five-field crop rotation of the farming system and no-till. Among 823 genera it was revealed 7 dominant ones: Candidatus Nitrososphaera, Rubrobacter, Flavisolibacter, Segetibacter, Bacillus, Balneimonas, Skermanella. The low level of cellulose-decomposing bacteria of the genus Cellulomonas was remarked in southern chernozem. The highest proportion of the representatives of this genus was observed in virgin soil (0.55 %), while the farming systems contributed to its decline in 1.3-1.6 times. Microorganisms of the genera Erwinia and Xanthomonas with phytopathogenic properties were found with a minimum proportion in communities from 0.003 % to 0.014 % and 0 – 0.005%, respectively.

The complex metagenomic analysis of the taxonomic structure of the soil microbiome allowed us to establish that the use of microbial preparations reduces the negative impact of the no-till farming system on the microbiocenosis of southern chernozem and improves its environmental feasibility in the Crimean steppe.
Coherence degree characteristic of production, industrial and food security of agro-industrial complex subsystems
Authors: Vysotskaya E A , Briantseva L V
Published: January 2020

The article substantiates the urgent need to assess the coherence degree of production, industrial and food security in the framework of the state agricultural development program implementation. The authors combine two approaches to assessing industrial and production security, and also the processes of ensuring industrial security are considered using the example of dairy production. The small-scale coherence degree of the industrial component in ensuring the food security of Russia is shown.
The Russian consumer food market, the problems of its functioning
Authors: Vysotskaya E A , Derkanosova N M , Remizov D G , Khuzina N A
Published: January 2020

The functions of the consumer market, their changes, the essence and importance according to economic transformations are considered. The central place of the consumer food market is substantiated, special attention is paid to it during the transformations, its differences, features, significance in the degree of socio-economic development of the country are highlighted. The subjects of the market, the objectives of their business, and conflicts of interest are shown, which indicates the need to regulate their relationships for the stability and security of the consumer market. The problems in the field of food quality and safety, causes, significance, solutions. The current state of the consumer market, the role of import substitution, the dynamics of achieving food safety thresholds, growth indicators to produce basic products, increasing food exports, and prospects for its development are given. Knowing the problems of the functioning of the consumer market makes it possible to predict its further development as the basis for developing strategic models for the sale of goods and making profit, directions and the intensity of transformations not only for various sectors of the agro-industrial complex, food industry, but also for the business of packing, storing and transporting food. The need for market research, in which the consumer market should be perceived as a single functioning complex with all its problems, is emphasized.
Assessment of the potassium state of leached chernozem with long-term application of fertilizers and ameliorant
Authors: Kozhokina A N , Myazin N G , Brehov P T , Podrezov P I
Published: January 2020

An objective assessment of the ability of the soil to supply plants with potassium is possible only when determining a set of indicators - the content of various forms of potassium in the soil and the degree of their mobility. In this regard, we conducted studies to study the effect of long-term fertilizer and ameliorant application on the content of various forms of potassium and potassium buffer capacity of the soil. The studies were carried out in a field experiment laid down in 1986. A six-field crop rotation was mastered in the experiment. We studied 7 options for experience. Soil samples were taken after the fifth rotation of the crop rotation. The results showed that long-term fertilizer application creates quite high reserves of various forms of potassium in the soil. The most intensive accumulation of forms available for plant nutrition (mobile and metabolic) was facilitated by the introduction of mineral fertilizers against the background of organic aftereffects. The use of ameliorant leads to the increase in non-exchange fixation of potassium. The study of the potential buffering capacity of leached chernozem with respect to potassium showed that even with a sufficiently high content of its mobile and metabolic forms, the soil can be characterized by a deterioration of the potash state.
Comparative analysis towards the use of needle-shaped working body in sieve and sieve-free multifaceted crushers
Authors: Voronin V V , Yarovoy M N , Vorokhobin A V , Chekhunov O A , Druzhinin R A
Published: January 2020

The paper provides comparative studies about the use of a needle-shaped working body in a sieve and sieve-free crusher of a multifaceted type. The possibility of reducing the energy intensity regarding the process of grinding feed grain is revealed, taking into account the quality of the end product in a hammer-type multifaceted crusher of a sieve-free type by using the needle-shaped shock elements in a crushing chamber.

To identify the influence patterns of the needle-shaped working elements on the quality and energy indicators of the working process in crushing feed grain performed by a sieve-free multifaceted type crusher, a rotor was produced and tested experimentally.

In the research the energy indicators were measured by the standard method, crusher performance was determined, and a grinding module and the qualitative composition of the crushed product were defined. Based on the research results, the experimental dependencies were built, which allowed to identify the following structural and technological parameters of the crusher: the optimal number of shock elements placed on the rotor; peripheral speed of the working bodies; specific energy consumption; the composition of the particle-size product with a different grinding module, the presence of pulverulent fractions (< 0.2 mm), as well as the amount of coarse fraction (> 2 mm). The experimental results have confirmed the feasibility of using the needle-shaped working element in a sieve-free crusher of a multifaceted type.
Using collector-drainage water in saline and arid irrigation areas for adaptation to climate change
Authors: Khamidov M Kh , Balla D , Hamidov A M , Juraev U A
Published: January 2020

The paper presents data of scientific research on the conditions of the Bukhara oasis of Uzbekistan reducing the salinity of collector-drainage water through water plants Lemna minor, Azolla caroliniana, Eichhornia crassipes and scientific and practical recommendations for the irrigation of cotton biologically purified collector-drainage waters. A decrease in the salinity of collector-drainage water with a salinity of 3-5 g/l was achieved with the help of aquatic plants Lemna minor and Azolla caroliniana, using them as an additional source of water for irrigation of cotton variety Bukhara-102, a high harvest of raw cotton, as well as saved river water and prevented environmental pollution.
Nonlinear analysis of dynamic loads of the model haulm removing working body
Authors: Frolov D I , Kurochkin A A
Published: January 2020

Significant rotation speeds are required for the qualitative removal of leaf-stem mass from the field when using a rotating working body. An urgent task is to obtain data to evaluate the nonlinear effect of forces on the working body when removing leaf-stem mass. In the article, the degree of influence of the weight of the stems of the leaf-stem mass and centrifugal forces acting on the top-working working body using non-linear dynamic analysis was studied. The implementation of computer simulation was achieved using the CAD-CAE SOLIDWORKS system. As a result of the nonlinear analysis in SOLIDWORKS Simulation, the results of the stresses, displacements, and deformations acting on the top-working working body model were obtained, which made it possible to identify weak points of the working body. The analysis of the obtained data revealed the influence of centrifugal force and weight of the cut leaf-stem mass on the knives of the working body of the haulm machine, which will allow taking these effects into account in the developed design.
Agrarian establishment social position under conditions of the rural qualitative transformation
Authors: Goncharov V N , Erokhin A M , Kolosova O U , Ivashova V A , Chvalun R V , Berkovsky V A
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes theoretical approaches to the modern understanding of the category of “social position” regarding the agricultural establishment and its role in the period of qualitative transformations of the agricultural sector. Studying the publications of the world scientific community allows highlighting a number of areas of discussion about the social position of the professional establishment; it is also relevant for the agricultural sector. On the basis of empirical data from a well-developed agrarian region in the south of Russia we studied the opinions of representatives of the professional agrarian establishment (specialists from successful agricultural enterprises and future specialists – students). It has been established that leading specialists of agricultural enterprises occupy a high social status both in the production team and in the local community. Future specialists (with higher professional agricultural education) associate their expectations with a high social status in the professional and local community. Thus they claim all the attributes associated with a high status: a high salary, a real estate ownership, an intellectual labor lifestyle, and leadership in the production team and the local community.
Agrobiological method of phytomelioration of degraded pastures using the cuttings of calligonum aphyllum and roll coulisses
Authors: Tsagan-Mandzhiev N L , Eviev V A , Belyaeva B I , Muchkaeva G M
Published: January 2020

Natural pastures, which occupy about 80% of the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia of the Russian Federation, are the basis of the fodder base for animal husbandry. Intensive and irrational exploitation of pastures disrupted the existing ecological balance and led to desertification of the territory. The most negative processes of land degradation were manifested in the Black Lands in the form of anthropogenic desertification. Such processes of anthropogenic desertification take place not only in the North-West Caspian Region of the Russian Federation, but also in a number of developing countries of the world. These regions located in the arid zone are in great need of realizing the potential of their land and plant resources. The experiments were carried out on sandy massifs on the territory of the Yashkul region of the Republic of Kalmykia of the Russian Federation. Accounting and observations were carried out according to the methods of All-Union Scientific Research Institute of fodder named after V.R. Williams and of All-Union Instruction for Geobotanical Research of Natural Foraging Sites and Compilation of Large-scale Geobotanical Maps. The method proposed by us is aimed at solving the problems of combating desertification, anthropogenic degradation of pastures by creating mechanical barriers for the movement of sands at the initial stage of growth and rooting of Calligonum aphyllum seedlings. The use of this technique has significantly increased the survival rate of Calligonum aphyllum seedlings (from 30 to 70%), and thus, in general, improve the effectiveness of phytomeliorative work.
Revisiting food security in the Rostov region
Authors: Mironova O A , Ermolenko O D , Bogdanova R M , Balashova N N , Gorbacheva A S
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the regional aspects of ensuring the country‘s food security. On the example of the Rostov region, the key problems of ensuring food security at the mesoscale are analyzed. A model of the organizational and economic mechanism for ensuring food security in the Rostov region is developed and a set of measures aimed at improving the region’s self-sufficiency in food is proposed.
The synthesis of graphene coated copper from PMMA and the anticorrosion performance of copper substrate
Authors: Wu Wanwan , Liu Ping , Chen Xiaohong , Fan Jun , Chen Shaohuo , Liang Dong
Published: January 2020

In this research, the low temperature process for growing graphene from solid carbon source PMMA under atmospheric pressure was firstly investigated. Through adjusting the growth temperature (600 °C–800 °C) and other process parameters, using the chemical vapor deposition method, single or double layers of graphene grown on a copper substrate. Without control pressure, this way improved controllability of graphene preparation and reduced production costs. The morphology, quality of graphene was revealed by SEM, XPS, Raman, UV–vis. Additionally, the conductive test results illustrate that the graphene on the surface of the copper matrix slightly soars the conductivity of copper. This is due to the process of annealing and growth that alters the structure of the material. The results of the Tafel experiments, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements and cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests demonstrate that the graphene film can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the copper matrix. Compared to the single layer graphene coating, double-layers graphene coating has a better anti-corrosion effect. This is in that the double-layers graphene coating can block the defects of the single-layer graphene in time, and better prevent the intrusion of Cl− into the copper matrix, so as to achieve a good anti-corrosion effect.
Experimental study of temperature erosion tests on bidirectional coated and uncoated composites materials
Authors: Mendoza Mendoza J C , Vera Cardenas E E , Perez A I Martinez , Ledesma Ledesma S , Vite Torres M
Published: January 2020

In this research work, temperature erosion wear tests, on composites materials (carbon fiber and glass fiber), were carried out. The tests were made on uncoated and coated materials using a polyester resin (Gelcoat), which is used to protect the leading edge of wind turbine blades against the weather and UV rays and is of interest, in this study, to know the behaviour of this coating subjected to hard particles erosion. The tests were performed at 50 °C, in order to simulate de extreme temperature in the coast of Oaxaca, Mexico, where some wind turbines are installed using blades made of fiberglass coated with gelcoat. Erosion tests were performed in a platform that was developed from the ASTM G76 standard. The rectangular samples had 25 × 18 mm and thickness of 4 mm. Sea sand from coast of Oaxaca was utilized as erosive particle. Three different impact angles were used 75°, 85° and 90°. The particle velocity was adjusted at 12 m s−1. To determine the mass loss, the samples were weighed before the test and reweighed every 2 min to measure the amount of mass loss until complete the 6 min of the test. In order to identify the wear mechanisms, Scanning Electron Microscopy was used. The average roughness (Ra) and profiles of the samples tested were determined with a 3D optical profilometer. The results showed that Carbon fiber composite material had 3 times more resistance to erosive wear than fiberglass.
Investigation on tailoring physical properties of Nickel Oxide thin films grown by dc magnetron sputtering
Authors: Salunkhe Parashurama , A V Muhammed Ali , Kekuda Dhananjaya
Published: January 2020

We report a comprehensive study on influence of oxygen partial pressure on NiO thin films grown on glass substrates in a combined argon and oxygen ambience by reactive dc magnetron sputtering. In this present article, we have discussed the dependence of oxygen pressure on structural, chemical, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the sputtered NiO films. Glancing angle x-ray diffraction reveals that the deposited films were polycrystalline in nature with FCC phase. The preferred orientation changes from (200) to (111) in a higher O2 flow rate environment and an average particle size was estimated using Scherrer relation. The surface morphology of films was studied by using atomic force microscopy. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis demonstrates the core level Ni 2p spectra over a range of 850 eV to 885 eV of binding energy and observed Ni 2p3/2, Ni 2p1/2 domains along with their satellite peaks. It infers the presence of both Ni+2 and Ni+3 oxidation states in the sputtered films. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy was carried out to confirm the structural defects level and crystalline nature of the films. The optical results show that deposited films were semi-transparent and the evaluated optical band gap of the material lies in the range 3.36 eV to 3.52 eV. The extracted electrical properties infer either n-type or p-type conductivity depending on the processing conditions of the films.
Engineering of electronic and optical properties of monolayer gallium sulfide/selenide in presence of intrinsic atomic defects
Authors: Hosseini Almadvari Raziehsadat , Nayeri Maryam , Fotoohi Somayeh
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the electronic and optical properties of various point defects in gallium sulfide (GaS) and gallium selenide (GaSe) are studied. Various vacancy defects in each monolayer GaX (X = S, Se) include VX, VGa, 2VX, 2VGa, 1VGa1VX, 1VGa2VX, 2VGa1VX, 2VGa2VX. We compute the band structure, zero-bias transmission spectrum, and dielectric function for all considered structures. The calculations are carried out by the first-principles method. The calculation results indicate that the absence of S/Se atom in these semiconductors leads to the transition from an indirect band gap for the pristine materials to a direct band gap in their defective systems and the band gap energies change from 2.3 eV/2.11 eV to 1.33 eV/0.98 eV, respectively. Also, 2VX causes that the semiconductor band gap changes from indirect to direct. Furthermore, GaX monolayer is converted to a p-type semiconductor in the presence of VGa. Moreover, these findings represent that some of the point defects in this system lead to magnetic states which can be employed in spintronic devices. In addition, for the defective GaX monolayers with the direct band gap, the first peak of imaginary part of the dielectric function occurs around their band gap energy. The study of intrinsic structural defects in monolayer GaX provides new opportunities for optimizing the electronic and optical properties of these materials via defect engineering.
f-Orbital based Dirac states in a two-dimensional uranium compound
Authors: Lopez-Bezanilla Alejandro
Published: January 2020

Theoretical evidence of the existence of Dirac cones in two-dimensional UB_4 is provided. Dirac cones are created due to the interaction of strongly localized U anisotropic f-orbitals with the delocalized network of B p-orbitals in a bilayer honeycombed lattice. Spin–orbit coupling splits the relativistic electronic states in the vicinity of the Fermi level creating cone-shaped gaped bands. The contribution of f-orbitals to the formation of dispersive Dirac states is clearly determined with several theoretical approximations. U atom provides the exact amount of charge to stabilize the B sublattices creating a heavy-electron based material with reminiscent properties of graphene. The interplay between f- and p-orbitals of U and B atoms, respectively, is revealed as the origin of the itinerant electronic states, defying the paradox of delocalized electrons in a heavy-electron based material. Computed phonon diagram exhibits decoupled acoustic and optic modes arising from U and B atom vibrations, respectively, with frequencies of acoustic modes rather small as compared to optic modes. The dynamical properties of isoelectronic UAl4 and UGa4 are also analyzed.