bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability Based Maintenance of Industrial Assets
Authors: Syamsundar A.
Published: August 2016

Most industrial assets today are complex repairable systems. Maintenance decisions on these systems / assets are still made on an empirical basis based on the experience and understanding of the maintenance engineers / managers. This leads to sub-optimal decisions and will lead to inefficient and ineffective maintenance. Reliability is a key attribute of such assets. Reliability centred maintenance as a maintenance philosophy and reliability engineering as an engineering discipline have been well developed over the past several decades. However, these are yet to find a place in maintenance decisions of industrial assets on a regular basis. This chapter deals with how reliability centred maintenance and reliability of repairable systems can be combined together to develop reliability based maintenance of industrial assets in an objective way to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of industrial asset maintenance. The methodology is illustrated with a simple case study.
No Fault Found Problems in Asset Management
Authors: Khan Samir
Published: August 2016

Within aerospace and defence sectors, maintaining asset availability during operational service has become more important than quality of service throughout the system life cycle. This requires organisations to establish cost effective strategies to manage uncertainties within their value led services e.g. maintenance activities. In large organizations, it is not always apparent whose decision affects the outcome the most. Often, accountability moves away from the designated organization personnel in unforeseen ways, and depending on the decisions of individual decision makers, the structure of the organization, or unregulated operating procedures may change. This can have far more effect on the overall reliability leading to inadequate troubleshooting, repeated down-time and reduced availability. This chapter focuses on discussing the No Fault Found problems in aviation and highlights the drivers that influence its decision making process. It further articulates the contents of tacit knowledge and discusses the knowledge gaps with current management policies.
Phytoparmaceuticals and Its Applications in Therapy
Authors: Hernández-Ceruelos Alejandra , Muñoz-Juarez Sergio , Vázquez-Alvarado Patricia
Published: August 2016

Medicinal plants have been used to treat illnesses since medicine began. Nowadays, 80% of the population in the planet uses drugs directly or indirectly derived from plants. In the past, natural products were used empirically; people experimented with them as helpful for their well-being and learned to treat ailments with specific plants. Henri Leclerc introduced the terminology of phytotherapy into medical science and this concept refers to study of the use of extracts of natural origin as medicines or health-promoting agents. Usually pharmacology isolates an active compound from a given plant, phytotherapy aims to reserve the complexity of constituents from a plant with moderately less processing. Phytopharmaceuticals (PP) are composed by one plant species or by complex mixtures of plants, presented in a natural or in a pharmaceutical form. The tendency is to use standardized plant extracts in the formulation, obtained by a patented extraction process. PP need to fulfill the same requirements as other medical products: safety, efficacy and consistent quality.
Global Education Professional Development
Authors: Yeh Ellen , Jaiswal-Oliver Monika , Posejpal Gigi
Published: August 2016

This chapter addresses a global issue of education: the teaching of diverse student populations. Global Education Professional Development (GEPD) programs for both pre-service and in-service teachers have become one of the most important teacher training programs to prepare teachers working with English as a Second Language (ESL) learners in global classrooms. The goal of this chapter is to design a GEPD model to help educators, administrators, and policy makers to: 1) comprehend current policies, practices, experiences as well as strategies in global classrooms; 2) understand how instructors can help ESL learners adjust to the U.S. academic language and culture and how this support could affect learners' effectiveness, attitudes and confidence; and 3) acquire the knowledge of how to integrate technology into the curriculum and consider technology as meaningful learning environments that could support not only language but also intercultural and global literacy skills.
Developing Equity Literacy through Diverse Literature for Children and Young Adults
Authors: Fondrie Suzanne , Penick-Parks Marguerite , Delano-Oriaran Omobolade
Published: August 2016

This chapter highlights the application of the equity literacy framework as a curricular approach to infusing diverse and multiple perspectives in PK-12 school curriculum, and presents a rationale for developing equity literacy in PK-12 students. It provides texts and related teaching ideas appropriate for supporting that development. Gorski's (2014b) equity literacy framework is the basis for the rationale and the text selection. The chapter organizes suggested texts into seven strands: race, social class, culture, global perspectives, power and privilege, gender/sexuality, and intersectionality. The final section presents excellent multicultural literature for each of the strands across grade levels.
Developing Resilience through Experiences
Authors: Penland Jennifer L.
Published: August 2016

The principal focus of this chapter is resiliency theory, as an expanding ideology attempting to provide supportive resources with suggestions for how education practitioners might function, as positive social change agents in organizations and institutions. Elemental to current transformational and remedial trends under construction in organizations and institutions, education practitioners are increasingly responsible for distressed student populations. Scholars from various disciplines have contributed to the current state of this ideological reformulation, titled resiliency theory, while research investigations presently continue to unfold and develop. Data were gathered electronically from First Year Seminar instructors during the 2015 school year from faculty questionnaires with eight questions focusing on the following areas: engaging topics, successful instructional strategies and benefits of FYS courses. Findings suggested: 1) strengthened positive external support systems, such as mentoring and experiential learning programs, 2) increased personalized academic learning environments, and 3) affirmation of the “value” in higher education.
Exploring How Women Entrepreneurs Use Technology for Idea Generation
Authors: Ndinguri Erastus , Machtmes Krisanna , Machtmes Ryan J. , Hill Jessica
Published: August 2016

The study explores the relationship between the extent of use and access to emerging technology in business by women entrepreneurs and the different characteristics that may trigger generation of business ideas. The study was conducted through use of an interpretive scale of how women entrepreneurs use emerging technology. Several research questions were answered, including: “Do demographic characteristics play a role in knowing and using emerging technology?”; “Are there differences between the extent of use of emerging technologies and different entrepreneur women characteristics?” and “Is there a possible predictive model of idea generation and business formation, as measured by use of technology overall item mean score?”
Arabic Rumours Identification By Measuring The Credibility Of Arabic Tweet Content
Authors: Floos Ahmad Yahya M.
Published: August 2016

Twitter enjoys the fame of the most popular and widely used as a platform for socializing, including all aspects of life current affairs, religious ideas, political issues, scientific research, and general knowledge. Every single activity of day to day life and human behavior and values is lodged at this platform. Sending and receiving messages on Twitter (tweets) with is limited to 140 characters, In this research the author attempts to understand the characteristics of those Arabic rumour (falsified information stream) patterns. False tweets could be a rumour which is mostly recognized as a representative whose legitimacy, authenticity, precision and significance is either unverifiable or unreliable. Arabic rumours may propagate misinformation on social networks. In this research, the author illustrates the difficulty of Arabic rumour identification in twitter social platform by studying the impact based on Arabic tweet content. Furthermore, the author explains how these content features are too influential in measuring the credibility of those Arabic tweets.
A Bi-Objective Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Window by Considering Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Rabbani Masoud , Taheri Mahyar , Ravanbakhsh Mohammad
Published: August 2016

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) by considering Time Windows is an essential and a reality optimization problem consisting in the determination of the set of routes with minimum distance to carry goods, by using some vehicles with capacity constraint; vehicles must visit customers within a time frame. In the recent years, many numbers of algorithm have been considered to solve a single objective formulate of VRPTW problem, such as Meta-heuristic, bender's decomposition, column generation and so on. This paper considers not only the minimum distance and the number of vehicles used to carry goods for customers. The customer satisfaction by considering the priority of the customers is considered which leads to service the customer as soon as possible. In this paper, the MOPSO and NSGAII approaches applied to solve the problem and then the authors compare the results of them; finally, they analysis the sensitivity of the capacity constraint for the vehicles
Midterm Results of Consecutive Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures Vancouver Type A and B
Authors: Trieb Klemens , Fiala Rainer , Briglauer Christian
Published: August 2016

Surgical treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures has a high complication and mortality rate of more than 10%. The aim of this study is to report the outcome of a consecutive single center patient group. Thirty-four consecutive patients (mean age 81.2 ± 8.5 years, 14 male, 20 female) with a periprosthetic femoral fracture Vancouver type A (n = 5) or type B (n = 29) were followed-up after 43.2 months, none of the patients were lost to follow- up. Nineteen of the patients were treated through change of the stem and cerclage fixation, five by plates and ten by cerclage cables. One successfully treated infection was observed. No further complications have been reported peri- or postoperatively, therefore resulting in 2.9% overall complication rate. These results demonstrate that precisely selected revision surgery protocol following periprosthetic femoral fractures within elderly multimorbid patients may lead to beneficial outcomes at a low risk of complications.
Theology and development as capability expansion
Authors: Deneulin Séverine , Davies Augusto Zampini
Published: August 2016

For the last 25 years, human development has become part of official development discourses. It takes the normative position that the success of policies depends on whether they have expanded human flourishing, or expanded the ‘freedoms’ or ‘capabilities’ people have ‘reason to value’, as Amartya Sen would put it. It emphasises the importance of institutions to facilitate such expansion, and the agency of people to create such institutions. The ability of institutions to be conducive to human flourishing depends on the nature of human interaction. When human interaction no longer has the flourishing of other persons as its aim, it can create structures which then constrain human agency. The article argues that the human development perspective could be enriched by theological insights such as structural sin and the contribution of religious narratives to public reasoning. It concentrates on the idea of justice of one biblical parable, and illustrates its argument with examples from the Argentine labour context.
Psalm 101: A supplication for the restoration of society in the late post-exilic age
Authors: Botha Philippus J.
Published: August 2016

This article investigates the form and purpose of Psalm 101 from two perspectives: As a unique composition from the late Persian or early Hellenistic period, and in terms of its function within the context of Book IV of the Psalter. It is suggested that it was designed by exponents of wisdom and Torah piety to serve as a ‘royal psalm’ at exactly this location in the Psalter. It was meant to offer support to faithful Yahwists by criticising the apostate Judean aristocracy of its time of origin and serve as a prayer with which Yahweh could be beseeched to establish his righteous rule by judging evildoers and thus vindicating the faithful.
Molecular Evolution of the Yersinia Major Outer Membrane Protein C (OmpC)
Authors: Stenkova Anna M. , Bystritskaya Evgeniya P. , Guzev Konstantin V. , Rakin Alexander V. , Isaeva Marina P.
Published: August 2016

The genus Yersinia includes species with a wide range of eukaryotic hosts (from fish, insects, and plants to mammals and humans). One of the major outer membrane proteins, the porin OmpC, is preferentially expressed in the host gut, where osmotic pressure, temperature, and the concentrations of nutrients and toxic products are relatively high. We consider here the molecular evolution and phylogeny of Yersinia ompC. The maximum likelihood gene tree reflects the macroevolution processes occurring within the genus Yersinia. Positive selection and horizontal gene transfer are the key factors of ompC diversification, and intraspecies recombination was revealed in two Yersinia species. The impact of recombination on ompC evolution was different from that of another major porin gene, ompF, possibly due to the emergence of additional functions and conservation of the basic transport function. The predicted antigenic determinants of OmpC were located in rapidly evolving regions, which may indicate the evolutionary mechanisms of Yersinia adaptation to the host immune system.
Evidence-Based Assessment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Rapp Amy M. , Bergman R. Lindsay , Piacentini John , Mcguire Joseph F.
Published: August 2016

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric illness that often develops in childhood, affects 1%–2% of the population, and causes significant impairment across the lifespan. The first step in identifying and treating OCD is a thorough evidence-based assessment. This paper reviews the administration pragmatics, psychometric properties, and limitations of commonly used assessment measures for adults and youths with OCD. This includes diagnostic interviews, clinician-administered symptom severity scales, self-report measures, and parent/child measures. Additionally, adjunctive measures that assess important related factors (ie, impairment, family accommodation, and insight) are also discussed. This paper concludes with recommendations for an evidence-based assessment based on individualized assessment goals that include generating an OCD diagnosis, determining symptom severity, and monitoring treatment progress.
An Assessment of Rehabilitation Protocols following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Indorato Daniel , Sturgil Ronda
Published: August 2016

The present study provided a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials involving the effectiveness of various rehabilitation methods that have been implemented for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The review of the literature revealed the following as evidence for effective ACLR rehabilitation: early intervention strategy focused on restoring range of motion, muscle strength, and ligament stability with the utilization of closed kinetic chain exercises. The literature supports the use of dynamic intraligamentary stabilization, which should also be implemented in the rehabilitation protocol within the first three months after surgery. The research suggests that the patient should undergo at least 30-90 minutes of cryotherapy immediately following ACLR surgery. There is also some evidence regarding the effectiveness of neuromuscular rehabilitation training programs, but further investigations are needed. Future research should consider the timing of rehabilitation as well as supplemental rehabilitation exercises to continue to improve the quality of care delivered to patients following ACLR.
Provirus Silencing in Stem Cells: The Forbidden Regulators of Cell Fate
Authors: Satapathy Sandeep
Published: August 2016

The cryptic presence of a wide range of retroviruses with varying copy number holds biological significance for host reproduction and development. Most of the endogenous retroviruses with lost pathogenicity and replication ability still serve as transcriptional regulators of host cellular genes. These structural and functional features of proviruses present them as alternate promoters and enhancers for several host cellular genes involved in development and other biological processes. In addition, embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent cells are known to effectively silence the expression of most of these proviruses through repressive epigenetic marks and proviral sequence heterochromatization, which is not a case for those of differentiated cells. In this review, we aim to dissect the underlying salient features of proviral silencing in embryonic stem cells and analyze the potential of these proviruses in cell fate determination.
Small scale variability of geomorphological settings influences mangrove-derived organic matter export in a tropical bay
Authors: Signa Geraldina , Mazzola Antonio , Kairo James , Vizzini Salvatrice
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Organic matter (OM) exchanges between adjacent habitats affect the dynamics and functioning of coastal systems, as well as the role of the different primary producers as energy and nutrient sources in food webs. Elemental (C, N, C : N) and isotope (δ13C) signatures and fatty acid (FA) profiles were used to assess the influence of geomorphological setting in two climatic seasons on the export and fate of mangrove OM across a tidally influenced tropical area, Gazi Bay (Kenya). The main results indicate that tidal transport, along with riverine runoff, play a significant role in the distribution of mangrove organic matter. In particular, a marked spatial variability in the export of organic matter from mangroves to adjacent habitats was due to the different settings of the creeks flowing into the bay. Kinondo Creek acted as a mangrove retention site, where export of mangrove material was limited to the contiguous intertidal area, while Kidogoweni Creek acted as a “flow-through” system, from which mangrove material spread into the bay, especially in the rainy season. This pattern was evident from the isotopic signature of primary producers, which were more 13C-depleted in the Kinondo Creek and nearby, due to the lower dilution of the DIC pool, typically depleted as an effect of intense mangrove mineralization. Despite the trapping efficiency of the seagrass canopy, suspended particulate OM showed the important contribution of mangroves across the whole bay, up to the coral reef, as an effect of the strong ebb tide. Overall, mixing model outcomes and FA profiles indicated a widespread mixed contribution of both allochthonous and autochthonous OM sources across Gazi Bay. Moreover, FAs indicated a notable contribution of brown macroalgae and bacteria in both sediment and particulate pools. These results suggest that ecological connectivity in Gazi Bay is strongly influenced by geomorphological setting, which may have far-reaching consequences for the functioning of the whole ecosystem and the local food webs.
LS3MIP (v1.0) contribution to CMIP6: the Land Surface, Snow and Soil
moisture Model Intercomparison Project – aims, setup and expected outcome
Authors: van den Hurk Bart , Kim Hyungjun , Krinner Gerhard , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Derksen Chris , Oki Taikan , Douville Hervé , Colin Jeanne , Ducharne Agnès , Cheruy Frederique , Viovy Nicholas , Puma Michael J. , Wada Yoshihide , Li Weiping , Jia Binghao , Alessandri Andrea , Lawrence Dave M. , Weedon Graham P. , Ellis Richard , Hagemann Stefan , Mao Jiafu , Flanner Mark G. , Zampieri Matteo , Materia Stefano , Law Rachel M. , Sheffield Justin
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project (LS3MIP) is designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of land surface, snow and soil moisture feedbacks on climate variability and climate change, and to diagnose systematic biases in the land modules of current Earth system models (ESMs). The solid and liquid water stored at the land surface has a large influence on the regional climate, its variability and predictability, including effects on the energy, water and carbon cycles. Notably, snow and soil moisture affect surface radiation and flux partitioning properties, moisture storage and land surface memory. They both strongly affect atmospheric conditions, in particular surface air temperature and precipitation, but also large-scale circulation patterns. However, models show divergent responses and representations of these feedbacks as well as systematic biases in the underlying processes. LS3MIP will provide the means to quantify the associated uncertainties and better constrain climate change projections, which is of particular interest for highly vulnerable regions (densely populated areas, agricultural regions, the Arctic, semi-arid and other sensitive terrestrial ecosystems). The experiments are subdivided in two components, the first addressing systematic land biases in offline mode (“LMIP”, building upon the 3rd phase of Global Soil Wetness Project; GSWP3) and the second addressing land feedbacks attributed to soil moisture and snow in an integrated framework (“LFMIP”, building upon the GLACE-CMIP blueprint).
The Clinamen of Community: Duns Scotus's Political Ontology
Authors: LaZella Andrew
Published: August 2016

Jean-Luc Nancy's The Inoperative Community claims that the conflagration of community stands as the “gravest and most painful testimony of the modern world.” He does not, however, nostalgically yearn for the lost intimacy of the premodern world. Instead, Nancy asks whether absolute immanence—which takes the political guise of totalitarianism, on the one hand, and liberalism, on the other—can be undone through community. Given this warning against nostalgic return to the premodern, introduction of the political ontology of John Duns Scotus might seem misguided. My turn to Scotus in this article, however, is not mere antiquarianism. Instead, one finds in Scotistic univocity, I argue, a powerful critique of immanentism. Given the inclination, or “clinamen,” of univocal being as always already being-as, Scotus allows us to think community as resisting its hypostatization but also its appropriation by individual subjects.
Will to Power as Alternative to Causality
Authors: Rayman Joshua
Published: August 2016

The radicality of Nietzsche's critique of causality has been overlooked by Nietzschean naturalists, who carry on with their appeals to causal-scientific forms of explanation as if there were no such critique. But the force of his critique is far broader, for he sees causality as the nexus or foundation of metaphysics in general. In the absence of causality, it is as if we are “wandering as through an infinite nothing,” deprived of conceptual description and explanation. However, I would argue that in the will to power and eternal recurrence, Nietzsche provides a worked-out, nonnaturalist, nonmetaphysical replacement for the causal-metaphysical narrative.
Theology, Ontotheology, and Eschatology in Schelling's Late Thought
Authors: Buijs Martijn
Published: August 2016

How are we to understand the thematization of revelation at the heart of Schelling's late thought—as the accomplishment of Idealism as science of the Absolute or as a metaphysical elaboration of Christianity? I will argue that the Schelling of the Spätphilosophie is not an Idealist on account of his rupture with ontotheology; neither does he abandon the philosophical for the theological. Schelling insists on the limited nature of a philosophy of the Absolute and complements it with a philosophy in which God as God successively but never finally reveals himself in history. He is thus a philosophical eschatologist.
On the Money: Existentialism and Imperial Semiotics in A. M. Klein’s The Second Scroll
Authors: Abram Zachary
Published: August 2016

A great deal of scholarly attention has been paid to A. M. Klein’s The Second Scroll for its representation of Jewish identity. The narrator of the novel, however, recognizes that, as the descendant of immigrants, he is “a Canadian Jew marginalized from the Holocaust and the foundation of Israel.” In this sense, the narrator of The Second Scroll experiences a double marginalization resulting in a more complex representation of identity than the novel is usually afforded. Few critics, for instance, acknowledge the novel’s indebtedness to the existential philosophy of S⊘ren Kierkegaard and Martin Buber. A close reading of Klein’s use of British imperial symbols in concert with the foundational texts of existentialism and the work of Louis Althusser disrupts the dominant school of thought regarding The Second Scroll. The novel certainly celebrates Judaism, but it is not meant to represent the consolidation of a Jewish identity or ideology; rather, it is a parable for Canadians. As a result of the interpellation or “hail” of ideology, the narrator and his search for his mercurial Uncle Melech is prompted to assert a distinctly Canadian identity.
The Relationship between Customer-Based Corporate Reputation and Customer Citizenship Behavior: The Case in Vietnam
Authors: Thi Van Nguyen , Thi Hue Chi Tran , Thi Mai Chi Vu , Van Quang Ngo
Published: August 2016

A good corporate reputation is properties, images, brand of a company that customers of such company can wish for others to join them, therefore the supporting of accompany to build a strong reputation through discretionary, voluntary behaviors of customers is considered to be capable of helping customers to achieve a higher level of awareness about themselves and their social prestige. Positive effect of corporate reputation on customer outcome variables such as customer satisfaction and loyalty, etc. have been recognized in a lot of literatures. Respondents were customers who came to and used services of the retailing, haircut store or beauty salon in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. We also collected 44 questionnaires to do Pretest before conducting the final test in which 490 out of 600 questionnaires are validated to run statistics. Besides, convenient sampling is used for this study. This result showed that customer-based corporate reputation directly affect customer satisfaction, customer commitment, customer loyalty and customer satisfaction, customer commitment and loyalty directly affect CCB. This research also indicated CBR positive influences on CCB. To find out the antecedents of CCBs is obviously important for managers or employers of firm’s service because it is also the key to success, for the customer retention, maintain and enhance customer loyalty. That is also an interesting research, which provides ideas on new service industry in Vietnam and developing countries.
Energy Levels and Electromagnetic Transition of Some Even-Even Xe Isotopes
Authors: Khudher Hussein H. , Hasan Ali K. , Sharrad Fadhil I.
Published: August 2016

In this work, the energy levels electromagnetic transition B(E2) and B(M1), branching ratios, mixing ratios and electric quadrupole moment of even-even 120-126Xe isotopes have been investigated using Interacting Boson Model (IBM-1). The results were compared with some previous experimental and theoretical values, it was seen that the obtained theoretical results are in agreement with the experimental data.
The Participants’ Perspective on a Cognitive Rehabilitation Program Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Vakili Alexandra , Langdon Robyn
Published: August 2016

Given the recommendations for evidence-based treatment practice, rehabilitation programs are typically evaluated using standardized objective measures of pre- and post-treatment performance. However, the potentially informative opinions and perspectives of the participants themselves are not reported. This paper sought to redress this imbalance by using a semi-structured telephone interview to gather feedback from 19 participants who had undergone a group-based eight-week cognitive rehabilitation program to improve attentional impairment following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The program incorporated cognitive training using an action video game and psycho-education, including a workbook for developing compensatory skills. Findings indicated that the majority of participants found the program to be a positive experience, resulting in self-perceived skill development that generalized beyond the training context. Participants particularly valued the social aspects of the rehabilitation program and reported benefiting from their interactions with the other group members. Most enjoyed the action video game playing, although for some, the opportunity to select between a set of different games rather than playing the single game that featured in the program would have been more appropriate. The majority of participants also found the workbook helpful. Other useful suggestions included extending the program to 10-12 weeks, increasing group size, developing more of a ‘take away’ aspect of the program to be administered at home, and formalizing the ‘mentoring’ roles that emerged in the group.
An Analysis on Effect of Urban Development Plans on Realization of Sustainable Development of Metropolis of Isfahan
Authors: Taghvaei Masoud , Reza Varesi Hamid , Narimani Masoud
Published: August 2016

Spreading cities and increasing urban population scaled up urban problems and challenges. As a metropolis, Isfahan is faced with many challenges, too, which requires effective and qualitative urban development plans in regards of urban sustainable development framework in order to improving itself. The objective of this research is evaluating status of sustainable development of Isfahan and effect of urban development plan on this city. Therefore, the research data is analyzed and evaluated using quantitative model of TOPSIS regarding objectives and hypotheses of the research. In addition, Entropy and coefficient of dispersion, SPSS, EXCEL and TOPSIS SOLVER software are used in order to dada analysis and ARC GIS software is used to draw and provide maps. Results and findings of analyzing and evaluating this research indicated that urban development flow of Isfahan is an unsustainable flow at both levels of "present situation" and "urban development plan"; most districts in Isfahan are much less prosperous, less prosperous or fairly prosperous. Therefore, in "current condition", 33% of urban district in Isfahan are at "less prosperous and much less prosperous"  level and 37% of districts are at "fairly prosperous" level; only 30% of urban district in Isfahan are at "prosperous and very prosperous" level. This condition deteriorated more in urban development plan. In urban development plan of Isfahan, 55% of urban district of this city are at "less prosperous and much less prosperous" level and 15% of districts are at "fairly prosperous" level; only 30% of urban districts of Isfahan are at "very prosperous and prosperous" level. According to this fact that indicatives of this analysis are capitations of urban services' applications, we can conclude that capitation of urban services' applications is reduced in urban development plan and is turned to capitation of residential applications (non-service). Therefore, metropolis of Isfahan is not a sustainable and prosperous city and facilities or public services are not distributed sustainably and concordantly in its urban districts.
Investigating Role of International Regimes in Global Governance
Authors: Delshad Sani Faranak , Mohammadzadeh Leila
Published: August 2016

Governance can be determined as guided penetration in various procedures by great powers that is involved with sophisticated and various mechanisms; in other words, global governance is a procedure which governor state makes and determines its important decisions about who are involved with procedure and  how to do their responsibilities. International regimes are one of the most important and penetrator executive arms of governments in global governance era which can play the most key role in this issue and bring the highest benefit for their subordinate governments.
Actually, regimes make regulations and beliefs to guide and set international actors, they are proposed as corporation mechanism among governments, makereliance and security, and help to international stability.
Designing Ex Ant Evaluation of Policy Model
Authors: Ghoroneh Hassan , Tabatabeian Seyed Kamal , Bushehri Ali Reza , Ghorbani Saeed
Published: August 2016

Today, symbol of better policy and more smart is ex ant evaluation policy that Models, methods and tools inform policymakers and stakeholders and ultimately improve the quality of public policy.

In this article, ex ant evaluation policy model Based on future-oriented approach by using the Delphi technique and the experts in the disciplines and various areas in Iran has been designed. This model can be used as a methodological framework in different disciplines. the causal, model consists of six stages Definition of policy context, The definition of possible policy scenarios and screening, Rational model of probable policies, Analyze the impact of probable policies and compare them, Identify key indicators and measures of progress and   advise policy makers and stakeholders feedback information and development answers  future of and has functions; informing, communication between policy makers and stakeholders to improve the capacities of policy making. Resulting in improved quality and enhance the cohesion policy.
Overall Evaluation of Produced Flavored Low Lactose Milk Powder for Lactose Intolerants
Authors: Hatami Takami SeyedehZeynab , Hejazian SeyedReza , Ghanbari Shendi Esmaeil
Published: August 2016

One of the ways that can prevent lactose intolerant refuge to use dairy products is generation of new products
which is easily accessible.
In this study, flavored (banana, cocoa) low-lactose milk powder, flavored (banana and cocoa) milk powder,
low-lactose milk powder and milk powder were produced using a co-current spray dryer. The inlet and outlet
temperature was 145°C and 75°C, respectively.
Moisture, fat and lactose of treatments were measured and carbohydrates were compared also. Samples which
treated with enzyme (lactase, 0.15%) are bare of harmful carbohydrate for lactose intolerant and they can
reconstitute this powder for using and benefit the nutritional matters of milk without any side effects.
After reconstituting of samples, sensory evaluation was investigated. Investigations revealed that flavored
low-lactose milk accepted as a new product that doesn’t have disadvantages of low-lactose milk because of its
sweetness taste and flavored milk because of adding sugar (6-7%).
The Relationship of Identity Styles and Body Image with Anxiety among High School Students
Authors: Dehvari Meisam , Jenaabadi Hossein , Pourghaz Abdulwahab
Published: August 2016

The present study aimed to examine the relationship of identity styles and body image with anxiety among
students. This was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included 240 second period male
high school students in Saravan. To examine identity styles, body image and anxiety, respectively, Identity Style
Questionnaire (IS-6G), the Fisher Body Image Scale (1970), and the Cattell Anxiety Scale Questionnaire were
used as data collection tools. The obtained data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics
(Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis). The results of the current study revealed that identity
styles and body image were significantly and positively related to anxiety. Moreover, among identity styles,
informative and commitment styles had no significant relationships with anxiety; however, normative identity
style was significantly and negatively correlated with anxiety, such that with an increase in normative identity
style, anxiety decreased. Additionally, the results indicated that confused/avoidant identity style was significantly
and positively related to anxiety.
Determining the Break-EvenPoint for Operating in the Pension Fund of Banks
Authors: Shahvardi Donya Haji , Tajodini Mehdi
Published: August 2016

This study is an attempt to investigate the development of actuarial science through a review on the concepts, theories and models related to actuary and its relation to pension funds and the break-evenpoint for operating in the pension fund of banksduring the financial period from 2013-2041. Furthermore, this study provides a strategy to exit the mentioned fund from the balance deficit. It is noteworthy that results indicated theresources deficit for the mentioned fund in the next three years.
Effect of Structure of Internal Waves on Energy Transfer and Flow Control Between South and Middle Basins of Caspian Sea
Authors: Shekarbaghani Ashrafoalsadat
Published: August 2016

In this study, role of internal waves in controlling stratified exchange flows between south and middle basins of Caspian Sea and energy transfer have been studied. The studies have been conducted based on field and theoretical studies based on numerical calculations. In this investigation, Caspian Sea has been considered as stratified and Boussinesq approximation has been considered. In equations governing the movement, cohesion and compressibility have been neglected. In the field studies, investigation of density profiles indicate signs of stratified structure which so far has been attributed to dual distribution convection phenomenon, but by considering density ratio profile and values of density ratio which are mostly negative numbers, the factor causing stratified structure of Caspian Sea can be attributed to existence of internal waves. Density field in these two basins indicate that the middle basin has higher average density compared to the south basin, this fact can cause creation of a gravity exchange flow. This exchange flow causes creation of internal waves in this sea that can have a modal structure towards vertical direction. In theoretical studies, the two middle and south basins of Caspian Sea are networked in two dimension x-z systems and equations governing movement are solved through a numerical method by using finite difference method and the vertical velocity values obtained in 290 points of the network was almost 10-6 to 10-4 m/s, meaning that vertical movements are much smaller. Values obtained for horizontal velocity are almost 10-3 to 10-1 m/s. Vertical and horizontal velocity profiles obtained from solution of these equations and also density profile obtained in four integration periods indicate that as a result of passage of gravity flow between the two basins, density in various points of the two basins change. The structure created from internal waves on the crest causes creation of shear strata observed. This structure can be effective in exchange of the two basins. Therefore, in transfer and energy conversion, identification of the created strata is of a high importance.
Investigating the Behavior of Iran's Light Crude Oil Price in Short Term
Authors: Abdollah Razavi Seyed , Salimifar Mostafa , Mahdi Mostafavi Seyed , Baky Haskuee Mortaza
Published: August 2016

Investigate the causes of changing the oil price and modeling for predicting its volatility has always been one of the most important fields of Iran's economic literature study due to its position in Iran's economy. On the other hand, oil price volatility lead to the difficulty in the development programs. Empirical studies show that oil prices volatility are caused the structural bottlenecks (trade balance bottleneck, budget bottlenecks, etc.) in Iran's economic.
Understanding the mechanism of oil prices formation can reduce the risk of oil price volatility and its negative impacts on Iran's economy. With the development of oil bourse and oil futures market, oil market changed the crude oil price formation so that the cash flow between financial markets and oil market will deviant the crude oil price from its long term direction by changing in interest rate in short-term. In this paper, it is investigated the crude oil price deviation from its long-term direction with regard to the relationship between mentioned markets in short-term. For this purpose, Fisher price jump model and Frankel theory will be used for test by using daily time series data of 2005-13 about Iran's light crude oil in different areas (different markets), as well as multivariate GARCH technique method. Also, the results show that the pricing strategy is false signal in the use of Urals crude oil in the determining of crude oil price in the Mediterranean and North West Europe markets.
Characteristics of selected security threats in the Kurdistan region in Iraq
Authors: Sosnowski Piotr
Published: August 2016

Since the end of World War I, the struggle with Kurdish separatism was a common problem
for Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria. Due to the constant struggle and a series of favourable
events, currently the most independent of the Kurdish regions is the Region of Kurdistan in
Iraq. The countries in the region perceive Kurdish independence, and any questioning of the
Sykes-Picot agreement, as a mortal threat to the integrity of their territories.

The following article describes and highlights selected security threats in the nascent
Kurdish Region in Iraq. These are very complex and have different sources. The work starts
with the characterisation of the geographic region of Kurdistan and the region of Kurdistan
in Iraq. The next part describes the threat from the PKK, radical Islam and terrorism. An
important aspect that generates threats for the Kurdistan Region in Iraq is the relationship
with the Central Government in Baghdad. These relations have a negative impact on the
economic and social situation in the Kurdistan Region.
Quantifying Lead‐Leaching Potential From Plumbing Exposed to Aggressive Waters
Authors: Pieper Kelsey J. , Krometis Leigh‐Anne , Edwards Marc
Published: August 2016

Section 9 of NSF International/American National Standards Institute (NSF/ANSI) Standard 61 evaluates lead‐leaching potential from end‐point devices to protect consumer health. However, because the NSF/ANSI protocol stipulates a high pH and alkalinity characteristic of municipal waters, it is not likely generalizable to the aggressive water chemistries more consistent with water quality observed in private systems. To assess lead release from components installed in private systems, this study exposed brass and galvanized steel that meet lead‐free requirements to more aggressive waters. As expected, lead leaching from C36000 brass increased with decreasing pH and alkalinity, but post‐2014 lead‐free brass released nondetectable concentrations when exposed to aggressive conditions. However, post‐2014 lead‐free galvanized steel may still release significant lead in aggressive waters as a result of the sorption of lead to plumbing. Although new lead‐free brass products are more protective of communities dependent on private systems, elevated lead from both legacy materials and galvanized steel remains an issue for systems without corrosion control.
Gestion des déchets solides dans les destinations insulaires de petite taille
Authors: Willmott Lacey , Graci Sonya R.
Published: August 2016

La gestion des déchets solides représente un défi crucial, complexe, multidimensionnel pour les sociétés. La nature des déchets solides dans chaque collectivité peut différer selon un certain nombre de facteurs, dont les activités économiques et la géographie. Dans les collectivités vivant sur de petites îles touristiques, l’isolement imposé par la géographie et l’économie dominée par le tourisme présentent encore plus de défis pour assurer la pérennité de la gestion des déchets solides. Cet article expose l’étude du cas de la petite île touristique de Gili Trawangan, en Indonésie qui a solutionné ses problèmes persistants de gestion des déchets solides au moyen d’une méthode de gouvernance et de gestion axée sur un partenariat multi-intervenants. Ce partenariat consiste en une collaboration entre un organisme communautaire et une organisation environnementale non gouvernementale, ayant chacun des liens serrés avec les intervenants de la collectivité insulaire. Ce partenariat a permis des améliorations dans l’engagement des intervenants, l’accès aux ressources, le soutien financier, la transparence et la responsabilité. Des initiatives clés d’amélioration de la gestion des déchets à cette destination ont été mises en oeuvre favorisant une orientation vers des pratiques durables. Les initiatives touchent le tri à la source, l’expansion des services de collecte, la révision des frais de collecte, des projets de réutilisation des matériaux, des initiatives de formation et de sensibilisation et une amélioration de la planification.
Eco-tourism for Education and Marine Conservation
Authors: Dodds Rachel
Published: August 2016

Communities, in particular traditional users of natural resources, are often concerned about threats to their livelihoods and destruction of their environments but do not have the awareness, skills and political power to control the development that comes from the tourism industry. Education and collaborative partnerships are one approach that can help destinations achieve more sustainable tourism. Looking at Chumbe Island, a small island located in the Indian Ocean channel off the coast of the semi-autonomous region of Zanzibar in Tanzania, this paper examines innovative education and multi-stakeholder partnerships that have helped to avoid negative environmental and social impacts on the communities who live in the area. The environmental education programs, employment and capacity building of the Chumbe Island Coral Park Project will be focused upon.
L’option téléphérique dans les favelas de Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Broudehoux Anne-Marie , Legroux Jean
Published: August 2016

Dans le contexte de la tenue de méga-événements sportifs comme stratégie de marketing urbain, cet article de géographie s’intéresse à la réalisation de nombreux projets d’infrastructures de transport et qui opposent les besoins de la ville touristique à ceux des habitants locaux. Il se penche sur le cas précis de la ville de Rio de Janeiro, hôte de la Coupe du Monde de la Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) en 2014 et qui se prépare à accueillir les Jeux Olympiques d’été de 2016. Notre cas s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux problématiques liées au développement de nouveaux modes de transport en commun au service de ces méga-événements. L’option téléphérique développée à Rio pour la mobilité des habitants des favelas est devenue un symbole du conflit entre la construction de la ville événementielle et touristique, et les besoins d’une population démunie. Basée sur des enquêtes de terrain conduites entre 2011 et 2014, l’étude de trois téléphériques récemment érigés à Rio (au Complexo do Alemão, au Morro da Providência et à Rocinha) révèle que loin de construire une vision intégrée du tourisme et du transport, cette solution participe au processus d’exclusion des habitants les plus vulnérables.