bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma as a Presenting Feature of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2B: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Esfandbod Mohsen , Shateri Amiri Bahareh , Taslimi Reza
Published: August 2020

Background: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) and pheochromocytoma. MTC occurs in almost all MEN2B patients. The tumor develops at an earlier age and is aggressive. Surgery is often not curative for this condition. Death from MTC occurred in 50% of patients with MEN2B. Thus, early diagnosis and prevention are crucial in this regard. Thyroidectomy, as early as the neonatal period, may be indicated in patients with MEN2B identified by genetic screening.
Case Presentation: We reported a 24-year-old male presented to the emergency department with dyspnea for the past 3 months. There was a nodule 3*3 cm in the Right Lower Lobe (RLL) of the thyroid gland. Non-contrast Computer Tomography (CT) scan of the lung revealed multiple nodular lesions compatible with metastasis. The Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)cytology of the thyroid nodule indicated that the features of medullary thyroid carcinoma were positive stains in Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for calcitonin. A diagnosis of pulmonarymetastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma, as a presenting feature of MEN2B, was made. The patient was treated with Vandetanib.
Conclusion: In the reported MEN2B patient, MTC occurred in the early stages of life and was multifocal. Thus, it is crucial to diagnose medullary thyroid cancer at the early stages of the disease.
A Review of Ultrasound Thermometry Techniques
Authors: Amiri Hossein , Makkiabadi Bahador
Published: August 2020

Acoustic thermometry is one of non-invasive methods to measure the temperature inside tissue area. Especially, when using the thermal therapy techniques such as High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) and other thermal based methods, thermal assessment of heated area seems to be necessary. Some of acoustic properties of medium are temperature dependent; therefore, evaluation of temperature dependent parameters will be an indirect and non-invasive approach in thermometry. In this paper some of thermometry methods based on changes in acoustic properties of medium have been reviewed. The published methods are classified in two main categories: passive and active thermometry. In the passive thermometry, the thermal measurement probes, induced no acoustic signals to the medium, but they receive the radiated signals from the heated medium. In active method, the thermometry probe transmits a signal into the heated region and receives the echoes, then the received RF signals are processed in order to measure the temperature.
Thyroid Cancer Risk in Patients Undergoing 64 Slice Brain and Paranasal Sinuses Computed Tomography
Authors: Ghaznavi Hamid
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Computed Tomography (CT) is a fundamental part of diagnosis of diseases. During CT examinations organs in and out of scanned volume are exposed to ionization radiation. The aim of this study was Estimation Thyroid cancer risk in Patients who Underwent 64 Slice brain and paranasal sinuses CT scan.
Materials and Methods: with permission from the authors and editor, data related to thyroid dose of 40 patients in Mazyar et al.'s paper was used and by using Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR)VII model thyroid cancer risk was calculated for different ages at exposure in male and female.
Results: In both brain and paranasal sinuses CT, ERR values in female patients were twice as many as those in male patients. At age range from 20 to 40 years, ERR was considerably more than at age range 40-60 years since young patients are more radiosensitive than old patients.
Conclusion: The calculations of ERR indicate that PNS and brain CT increase the theoretical risk of thyroid cancer incidence. Although the ERR values are low, impacts on the thyroid cancer incidence should not be disregarded.
A Simulation Framework for Passive Acoustic Thermometry of Nonhomogeneous Materials
Authors: Amiri Hossein , Khani Ali , Moghimi Boldaji Yousef , Makkiabadi Bahador
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Internal temperature is a significant factor for medical diagnosis. There are several thermometric methods, including IR, MRI, and active ultrasonic thermometry, which have limitations for clinical applications. The new method in this field called Passive Acoustic Thermometry (PAT), which enhanced some of this limitation. PAT is a safe method for internal temperature estimation that works based on acoustic radiation of materials with a specific temperature. Several experimental studies have been carried out so far in the field of PAT. While, to the best of our knowledge, there is no simulation-based research for nonhomogeneous materials reported yet. In this article (for the first time) we proposed a simulation framework for evaluating the PAT methodologies in nonhomogeneous materials; also we proposed a new formulation for temperature estimation in PAT algorithm.
Materials and Methods: This framework supports the generation of acoustic radiation, signal processing, parameter estimation, and temperature reconstruction processes. At the moment the proposed framework estimates the temperature in the frequency domain and uses the frequency spectrum of the acquired ultrasound signals captured by a single transducer. Using the proposed framework, we tried to implement the previously practical experiments and the results of the simulation are consistent with those of the practical experiments. Also, we proposed the formulation that improves the error of temperature estimation.  
Results: We study 6 scenarios, including 2 environments with a target at 3 different temperatures. The average error of the proposed formulation in two different nonhomogeneous materials for three different temperatures is less than 0.25°C.
Conclusion: The results show that the proposed formulation is the best estimation in the formula that has been introduced until now and compare with the previous study the accuracy is enhanced 54% (from 0.79 to 0.36 deg.). Therefore, the proposed formula enhanced PAT accuracy for temperature estimation. Also, the results show that it is possible to use this framework to evaluate the PAT in different scenarios. Therefore, this method enhances the possibility of examination of different conditions and algorithms. It also reduces the cost of practical experiment.
LOTUS-inVivo Micro Computed Tomography System for Imaging of Small Animals and Ex-Vivo Biological Samples
Authors: Fouladi Mohammadreza , Gholami Kamran , Ghadiri Hossein
Published: August 2020

X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), e.g. clinical CT scanners, basically provides Linear Attenuation Coefficients (LACs) of objects under study by the means of algorithmic reconstruction of acquired views of attenuated X-ray passing through the samples in different angles around the imaged sample. Micro Computed Tomography (micro-CT) basically works the same as clinical CT. It provides volumetric information representing the inner structure of objects with a resolution in the micron range. LOTUS-inVivo is a micro-CT scanner dedicated to imaging of small animals and ex-vivo biological samples. In the present study the spatial resolution and Low Contrast Detectability (LCD) of LOTUS-inVivo scanner were evaluated using standard phantoms. We aimed to prove the capability of LOTUS-inVivo for small animal and ex-vivo biological samples imaging using the measured image quality parameters, i.e. spatial resolution and low contrast detectability. By the means of analysis of bar and LCD phantom images, the limiting resolution of LOTUS-inVivo micro-CT scanner was measured about 2.7 µm and has been shown that it’s capable of resolving sizes greater than 12.5 µm. Also, we concluded that LOTUS-inVivo is capable of discriminating tissues with 3% differences in contrast relative to the background, for 1 mm bar size. Thus, the provided technical characteristics in this study have made LOTUS-inVivo as a suitable tool for small animal imaging.
The Conundrum of P-Values: Statistical Significance is Unavoidable but Need Medical Significance Too
Authors: Indrayan Abhaya
Published: August 2020

Background: Small P-values have been conventionally considered as evidence to reject a null hypothesis in empirical studies. However, there is widespread criticism of P-values now and the threshold we use for statistical significance is questioned.Methods: This communication is on contrarian view and explains why P-value and its threshold are still useful for ruling out sampling fluctuation as a source of the findings.Results: The problem is not with P-values themselves but it is with their misuse, abuse, and over-use, including the dominant role they have assumed in empirical results. False results may be mostly because of errors in design, invalid data, inadequate analysis, inappropriate interpretation, accumulation of Type-I error, and selective reporting, and not because of P-values per se.Conclusion: A threshold of P-values such as 0.05 for statistical significance is helpful in making a binary inference for practical application of the result. However, a lower threshold can be suggested to reduce the chance of false results. Also, the emphasis should be on detecting a medically significant effect and not zero effect.
The Behavioral Responses of Consumers to the Intensity and Type of Fear Appeals Used in Anti-Obesity Advertisements: An Experimental Study on College Students in Tehran
Authors: Eshghipour Nader , Jafar Pejman , Ekhtiari Hamed
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Some communicators resort to negative appeals such as fear to encourage consumers to healthy behaviors. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of this type of content is yet questioned. Present study has been conducted to investigate how fear intensity and fear type applied in anti-obesity advertisements promptpreventive behavior among consumers.
Methods: 208 college students in Tehran province were randomly classified in 7 groups (6 experimental and 1 control group) based on a factorial design; 2 (fear intensity: high and low) x 3 (fear type: physical, social, and reappraisal). Research hypotheses were tested applying appropriate statistical tests including structural equation modeling and analysis of variance, based on data gathered through questionnaire and interventions such as presenting participants with visual contents.
Findings: it was revealed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the perceived severity and perceived fear, as well as between perceived susceptibility and perceived fear, and also between perceived fear and behavioral intention. Analysis of variance confirmed the significant main effect of fear intensity on behavioral intention. The main effect of the fear type on behavioral intention was not approved. However, findings indicate the significant interaction effect of fear intensity and fear type on behavioral intention so that highly intense messages that representing physical harm and lowly intense messages that representing social harm stimulate more behavioral intention.
Conclusion: It is concluded that applying fear appeal in health warning advertisements is effective in inviting consumers to healthy behavior, especially once a proper combination of the type and intensity of fear is applied in messages.
Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Utian Quality of Life Scale (UQOL)
Authors: Balanian Sahar , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Morowati Sharifabad Mohammad Ali
Published: August 2020

Background:Menopause can have adverse effects on the quality of life of postmenopausal women. The main purpose of this study was to determine the Validity and Reliability of the Persian version of the Utian Quality of Life Scale (UQOL) in iranian postmenopausal women in 2019
Methods: The questionnaire was first translated into Persian. After its adaptation with the original version and backward translating it into English, the face and content validity were assessed by a group of experienced experts. To this end, exploratory factor analysis was performed by Principal Factor Analysis method with varimax rotation. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating the Persian version of UQOL and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Finally, the mean quality of life score of postmenopausal women in different domains as well as its mean in different domains based on age, education level, menopausal age, and number of children were calculated.
Results: Regarding reliability, the alpha coefficient was obtained 0.66 for occupation domain, 0.52 for health domain, 0.50 for emotional domain, and 0.90 for sex domain. There was a significant relationship between quality of life and age, menopausal age, occupation and number of children in all domains in menopausal women. There was a significant relationship between BMI and quality of life score in postmenopausal women only in physical health domain.
Conclusion:it seems this questionnaire can’t be used in research on the quality of life of postmenopausal women.
Immunological and Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19: An Intimate Relationship
Authors: Elsayed Muaz , Ahmed R. , Alkhedir A. , Saeed M. , El-Sadig S.
Published: August 2020

Background: COVID-19 has superseded all medical scientific challenges in 2020. It presented with a range of respiratory involvement from the mild upper respiratory tract to severe pneumonia with ARDS. A percentage of these patients manifested variable neurological presentations expanding the challenges of patients’ assessment, care, and management.
Objective: To discuss the neurological manifestations and the possible immunopathology of COVID-19.
Methods: A literature search was performed in the PubMed database for the relevant articles published in English language between April 9th , 2020 and June 1, 2020. Few papers were extracted from Google Scholar and pre-print material as well. The keywords used to perform search included “COVID-19,” “SARS Cov2,” “neurological manifestations,” and “immunology and pathology of COVID-19”. However, animal studies were excluded in the neurological manifestations, and the final number of literature search outcome was 27 articles.
Results: The immunopathology involves angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) receptor 2 and spike protein S1. COVID-19 has a tremendous affinity to the ACE2 receptor. The status of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) and the cytokine storm lead to different organ damage and the corresponding clinical manifestations. The documented neurological manifestations mainly include acute ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, temporal lobe, thalamic encephalitis, and one case of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, in addition to agitation, headache, and seizures.
Conclusion: Although the intimate relationship between the neurons and the immune activation is the basic concept of COVID-19 immunopathology, the definite routes of entry to the neuronal cells are yet to be disclosed. Acute stroke, myositis, headache, and meningoencephalitis are the most common types of complications of COVID-19 so far.
FACTORS AFFECTING COOPERATIVE CAPITAL ADEQUACY (A SURVEY AND EMPIRICAL STUDY OF INDONESIA'S PANCASILA ECONOMIC SYSTEM)
Authors: Muda Iskandar , Vitriano Oskar , Handika Rangga
Published: August 2020

Purpose of the study: Cooperative plays an essential role in the rural community. This research provides a thorough impact analysis of cooperative funding in the community. This research comprehensively assesses the contribution of cooperative funding to the North Sumatra community, Indonesia. Methodology: Using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and controlled variable regression methods. The independent variables used in this study are Cooperative member main saving, Cooperative member compulsory saving, Cooperative member voluntary saving, and Bank lending. While the dependent variable used in this study is Cooperative capital adequacy. Main Findings: This research finds that cooperative member savings and bank lending play an essential role in the cooperative capital adequacy. Applications of this study: Furthermore, the study finding that bank lending is a relatively cheap source of capital to the cooperative. Novelty/Originality of this study: Also, the study also findings imply that (i) cooperative capital adequacy heavily depends on cooperative member savings, (ii) bank and cooperative are complements rather than competitors and (iii) four dimensions affecting cooperative capital adequacy are stronger in the simultaneous situation. According to findings implied that have three suggestions on the economic policy. First, advise a policy encouraging more participants in the cooperative. Second, advise another policy encouraging banks to do more collaboration with cooperatives. Third, advise that the policy should be integrated rather than stand-alone.
Contribución al estudio radiológico de las Trompas de Falopio
Authors: Rueda González Ricardo
Published: August 2020

El factor tubárico juega un papel más importante del que generalmente se cree en la patogenia de la esterilidad, y así como puede solucionarse con facilidad en algunos casos, constituye en veces un verdadero rompecabezas para el especialista deseoso de hacer llegar el embarazo a la mujer problema.
Leucorreas
Authors: Sánchez Eugenio , Camero Rodulfo
Published: August 2020

Todos los autores están de acuerdo al definir como Leucorrea la salida de líquido por la vagina, con excepción de sangre y orina.También se la llama flujo genital, y es la forma más común en su denominación. Su estudio se puede simplificar, siguiendo el mismo orden que se lleva al hacer el examen físico de la paciente, en busca de la causa de la leucorrea.
Clínica de las neoplasias mamarias benignas
Authors: Zuckerman C.
Published: August 2020

Las neoplasias mamarias benignas están constituidas por dos clases de tejidos: epitelail en su mayoría, y conjuntivo; más raramente por tejido adiposo y vascular.
La velocidad de progresión del espermio humano "in vitro", su relación con las constantes de fertilidad del varón su utilización para un nuevo test espermiológico
Authors: Cáceres Ponce Hernán
Published: August 2020

Después de revisar los principales estudios realizados acerca de la motilidad espermática y de poner de presente que casi todos se refieren únicamente a la penetración espermática en el moco cervical o a la migración intrauterina de los espermatozoides, el autor realiza la importancia de iniciar investigaciones experimentales que nos informen sobre la capacidad intrínseca del desplazamiento de los espermios, libres de la influencia favorable o desfavorable del medio femenino, así como de la distancia que son capaces de recorrer en un tiempo determinado.
Infertilidad masculina
Authors: Macleod John
Published: August 2020

Se puede aceptar sin ninguna duda, que la infertilidad masculina constituye un problema en la reproducción humana. Podemos agregar además, de acuerdo a mi opinión, que el problema es universal y no puede reducirse a los países en los que se realizan estadísticas serias y dignas de confianza. Pero si bien estamos en condiciones de admitir y deplorar el hecho de que un hombre con capacidad sexual normal, puede al mismo tiempo ser infértil o estéril, no creo que estamos capacitados para definir con precisión la proporción de casos que se producen en norteamérica, suramérica o en Europa. Estoy seguro que dentro de un año o dos, estaremos en condiciones de establecer con seguridad que la esterilidad masculina absoluta congénita o adquirida estará sujeta a aparecer con regularidad matemática y dado que tenemos la suerte de vivir en la era de las estadísticas, daremos respetuosamente, las cifras exactas respecto a la incidencia de la esterilidad masculina absoluta.
Cesárea extraperitoneal por artificio - Comentario sobre 14 casos de cesárea extraperitoneal por artificio. Técnica del Profesor Victor Rodríguez Aponte, modificada
Authors: Ofman G. Jose
Published: August 2020

La indicación de la cesárea extraperitoneal surgió en la obstetricia cuando la amenaza de una infección peritoneal excluía las otras técnicas de histerotomía. Pero hoy gracias a la gran cantidad de antibióticos eficaces ha mejorado notablemente el pronóstico. Hoy prácticamente ha desaparecido la denominación de cesáreas puras e impuras.
A REFORMA TRIBUTÁRIA NO BRASIL: O IVA À LUZ DA PEC 233/2008
Authors: Raulino Catia Regina
Published: August 2020

Atualmente, o Brasil possui um dos mais complexos sistemas tributários do mundo, também chamado por pesquisadores internacionais como “manicômio tributário”. Com 94 tributos em vigência, com normas próprias e critérios quantitativos distintos, o contribuinte dificilmente consegue compreender o que está pagando, por que está pagando e quanto está pagando. Em função disso, desde o ano de 2007, iniciaram no Brasil a tramitação de diversas propostas de alteração ao sistema vigente, tendo sido apensadas a PEC  233/08, tramitando com o nome de PEC da Reforma Tributária. Diversas são as propostas em tramitação, mas este artigo cuida de analisar apenas essa. Disposta a desburocratizar a tributação brasileira, a proposta prevê quatorze grandes alterações, trazendo consigo a promessa de diminuição da carga tributária, facilitação na compreensão e redução da quantidade de tributos existentes. Mas, o que se pode extrair da leitura do projeto é algo que, na prática, não trará tantas mudanças positivas quanto promete. Este artigo fará uma análise dedutiva sobre o conteúdo do projeto de lei, verificando através de ampla pesquisa o impacto de sua aplicação, estudando o seu surgimento histórico, discutindo alguns aspectos da teoria de tributação, realizando um comparativo com os modelos vigentes nos demais países para analisar se, teoricamente, as proposições trariam um sistema ideal.Palavras-Chave: Direito Tributário. Imposto. Valor Agregado. Europa. MERCOSUL.The tax reform in Brazil: the VAT in the light of the PEC 233/2008ABSTRACTToday, Brazil has one of the most complex tax systems in the world, also called by international researchers as a “tax insane asylum”. With 94 taxes in place, with its own rules and different quantitative criteria, the taxpayer can hardly understand what he is paying, why he is paying and how much he is paying. As a result, since 2007, several proposals for alteration to the current system have been initiated in Brazil, and PEC (Proposal for Constitutional Amendment) 233/08 has been joined, being called the PEC of the Tax Reform. There are several proposals in the pipeline, but this article deals only with this one. Willing to reduce bureaucracy in Brazilian taxation, the proposal foresees fourteen major changes, bringing with it the promise of reducing the tax burden, facilitating understanding and reducing the amount of existing taxes. But what you can get from reading the project is something that in practice will not bring as many positive changes as it promises. This article will make a deductive analysis on the content of the bill, checking through extensive research the impact of its application, studying its historical emergence, discussing some aspects of tax theory, making a comparison with the models in force in other countries to to analyze if, theoretically, the propositions would bring an ideal system.Keywords: Tax Law. Tax. Value Added. VAT. Europe. MERCOSUR.
Augmented reality technology for auricular reconstruction in the treatment of microtia
Authors: Yaremenko Аndrey I. , Lysenko Anna V. , Ivanova Elizaveta A. , Galibin Oleg V.
Published: August 2020

Facial defects and deformations occupy a significant place in the practice of maxillofacial and dental surgeons. Nevertheless, maxillofacial surgery is developing rapidly and requires improvement of existing treatment methods, and introduction of new approaches to reconstructive surgery. Augmented reality is a promising direction of computer technology development which is actively used in medicine and education. Modern computer technology allows to create a 3D model of a lost organ and use it for preoperative planning, as well as apply a virtual model for intraoperative navigation. Recently, the method of augmented reality has been actively developed, when a virtual image of the zone of the surgical area or a dedicated organ is used, which is compared with its real prototype in static mode, or in real-time using computer devices. The benefits of using augmented reality technologies in reconstructive surgery is associated with preoperative virtual planning, simplification of the surgical intervention itself, as well as with a reduction in the risks of intra- and postoperative complications. The aim of our work was to study the opportunity of using the augmented reality technology in reconstructive surgery for microtia correction based on pre-operative computer simulation.

At the preoperative stage, a photometric analysis of the patient was carried out, then a computer simulation of the missing auricle was performed. Using a 3D printer, a virtual model of the reconstructed auricle was obtained. The image in three-dimensional format was loaded into augmented reality glasses, which made it possible to project the shape and position of the simulated auricle to the area of the defect of the auricle when preparing for surgery. During the surgery, a marker was installed near the surgical field, in order to display the three-dimensional model in a destined position. During surgical intervention, an autogenous costal cartilage was taken, from which the auricle was formed using augmented reality approach and three-dimensional modeling. Subsequently, the graft was introduced to the formed bed in the area of the right ear auricle.

The obtained 3D model of the auricle before the operation enabled planning of the forthcoming operation and determine the amount of autograft needed for reconstruction. Using the augmented reality glasses, the exact shape of the auricle is reproduced during the operation, and its proper position is assessed in relation to the healthy side. No complications were observed over the postoperative period.

Virtual modelling of a lost or absent organ based on a preoperative examination provides important information about its spatial structure. Preoperative virtual planning allows you to predict the individual features of the operation, its difficult stages, to anticipate possible complications. The use of augmented reality technology during reconstructive surgery is a promising method requiring further development and improvement.
Can immune therapy cure acute myeloid leukemia?
Authors: Gale Robert P.
Published: August 2020

There is considerable progress in immune therapy of diverse cancers. In haematology these advances are mostly limited to lymphoid cancers. Effective therapies include monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cells to lymphoid lineage-antigens such as CD19, CD20 and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Myelotarg®) is the only FDA-approved immune-based therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Several clinical trials of antibodies to CD38 and CD123 are reported with unimpressive efficacy and safety concerns. Reasons are higher daily production rates of myeloid cells and unacceptable collateral damage to normal haematopoietic cells because of imperfect specificity for AML cells. Potential targets of anti-AML immune therapy are (1) HLA antigens; (2) minor histocompatibility antigens; (3) leukemia-associated antigens; and (4) leukemia-specific antigens. Data supporting an effective allogeneic anti-AML effect come from studies in recipients of haematopoietic cell transplants with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and recipients of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI). A special problem is a relative paucity of neo-antigens in AML compared with solid cancers because of a low cumulative mutation frequency. Cell immune therapy trials are in progress including CAR-T-cells, CAR-NK-cells and allogeneic NK-cells. Approaches using synthetic biology are being developed. Presently, except for gemtuzumab ozogamicin there are no convincing data of efficacy of immune therapy in AML.
Powieści historyczne Antoniny Domańskiej w przekazie literackim, audiowizualnym, cyfrowym i teatralnym
Authors: Uljasz Adrian
Published: August 2020

Krakowska pisarka Antonina Domańska (1853–1917) zajmuje trwałe miejsce w polskiej tradycji kulturalnej jako autorka utworów literackich dla dzieci i młodzieży, głównie powieści historycznych. Jej najbardziej znane książki to Paziowie króla Zygmunta (1910) i Historia żółtej ciżemki (1913). Powieści te doczekały się adaptacji, pierwsza – filmowej Sylwestra Chęcińskiego (1961), druga – serialowej Grzegorza Warchoła (1989). W polskich teatrach były również wystawiane przeróbki sceniczne Historii żółtej ciżemki. Tematem artykułu jest obraz Krakowa w tych powieściach jako kluczowy element edukacji historyczno-patriotycznej A. Domańskiej. Drugie zagadnienie badawcze stanowi recepcja filmowa, telewizyjna oraz teatralna dwóch utworów pisarki.
En Fazla İki Adet Komşuluk Özdeğeri -1,0 ya da 1,0’dan Farklı Olan Graflar
Authors: Topcu Hatice
Published: August 2020

Bir grafın komşuluk matrisinin özdeğerleri, komşuluk spektrumunu oluşturur. Bu çalışmada, en fazla iki adet komşuluk özdeğeri -1,0 ya da 1,0’dan farklı olan tüm grafların oluşturduğu kümeler ile ilgili bazı sonuçlar sınıflandırma yapılmak suretiyle bir araya getirilmiştir. Bir grafta izole bir nokta, bu grafın komşuluk spektrumunda sadece bir adet sıfır özdeğerin yer almasına yol açacaktır. Bu sebepten dolayı, öncelikle izole nokta içermeyen grafların oluşturduğu kümeler incelenerek belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Daha sonra ise izole noktalar da bu kümelere dâhil edilerek, incelenen kümeler genişletilmiştir. Bu sınıflandırma, genel olarak çok parçalı tam grafları ve izole noktaları içermektedir. Dolayısıyla burada verilen grafların komşuluk spektrumlarına göre belirlenebilir olup olmadıklarına da yine bu çalışmada değinilmiştir.
The Effect of Penguin Exercise on the Anxiety Levels of Female Students Who Experience Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Handoyo Handoyo , Hartati Hartati , Widayanti Esti Dwi
Published: August 2020

Premenstrual syndrome includes a variety of abnormal physical, psychological, and emotional symptoms associated with a woman's menstrual cycle. The syndrome can interfere with several aspects of women’s lives and lead to a decrease in work productivity and concentration in school, as well as anxiety and depression.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Penguin exercise on the anxiety levels of young women who experience premenstrual syndrome. This type of research was Quasi Experimental using pre and post test design with a control group. The population of this study were all 8th grade students at SMP N 9 Purwokerto. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. The instrument used to assess anxiety levels was the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) questionnaire. Analysis of the data was performed using Wilcoxon's rank sum test. 

The results showed that Penguin exercise had a significant effect on the level of anxiety in the treatment group (value p = 0,000) and there was no significant effect on the control group (p value = 0.233). The conclusion of this study is that Penguin exercise can affect the anxiety levels of 8th grade female students at SMP N 9 Purwokerto who experience premenstrual syndrome.

 
Increasing the Knowledge and Confidence of Mothers in Caring for Low Birth Weight Babies Through Education from the Maternal and Child Health Handbook
Authors: Sugiarti Sugiarti , Rustina Yeni , Efendi Defi
Published: August 2020

Having a Low Birth Weight (LBW) is one of the risk factors that may lead to stunting in children under five years old. An education program based on the Maternal and Child Health handbook (MCH) for the first 1000 days of a child’s life is one way to prevent the impact of stunting by improving the mothers’ knowledge and self-confidence to look after LBWB. The study is designed along the line of pre-post quasi-experimental research with a control group, involving 69 samples of mothers with LBWB that match the predetermined criteria. Twenty three of these mothers whose babies were cared for in the perinatology ward were provided with instructions from the MCH handbook, another group of 23 mothers received the same instructions with additional audiovisual media from a mobile application, and the remaining 23 mothers only received verbal instructions in the ward. The data were analyzed using the Paired t-test/Wilcoxon and Kruskall-Wallis tests. The analysis revealed that the MCH handbook based instruction provided a significant boost on the score of mother’s knowledge and confidence, before and after they have received the instructions, both in the group that received the MCH handbook based instruction (p<0.001) and the group that received their instructions from a mobile application (p<0.001). Additional instructions using audiovisual media from a mobile application also provided a significant boost to the knowledge score, and therefore the post-education score of the mothers in this group was higher than in the other two groups (p<0.001). Mother’s knowledge of the provision of care for LBWB can therefore be optimized through education, discussion, and the use of technology as an instructional medium to complement the use of the MCH handbook.
Utilization of Closed Circuit Television in Improving Nurse's Compliance on Hand Hygiene in Budhi Asih Hospital Jakarta
Authors: Ramadhanti Ahijrah , Dwiprahasto Iwan , Nirwati Hera
Published: August 2020

Health-care associated infections (HAIs) are infectionsoccurring inhospitalized patients.The most effective way to prevent HAIsis throughhand hygiene. However, hand hygiene compliance in health workers is still low. This research aimed to understandtheassociation between CCTVutilizationas a reminder tool inimproving the nurses'hand hygiene compliancein Budhi AsihHospitalJakarta. The study used a quantitativemethod bya quasi-experimentalapproach. The 60 subjects weredivided into two groups:Treatment and Control Groups based on their workplace. Quantitative data wereobtained by filling-in a WHO-standardized questionnaire and observing each group before and after an intervention. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate analyses with chi-square test and multivariate analysis with logisticregression test. Nurses' hand hygiene compliance through CCTV observation in Budhi Asih Hospital was 57%. The use of CCTV as reminder media significantly improved hand hygiene compliance (p = 0.002), compliance to 6 steps (p = 0.002) and compliance to the standard time of hand hygiene (p = 0.003). There was no significant correlation between individual characteristics (sex, age, education, working experience, and infection control training participation) with nurses' compliance on hand hygiene. The use of CCTV as reminder media significantly improved nurses' compliance to do hand hygiene.

Keywords: CCTV, Reminder, Hand Hygiene, Complience. 
DFT Study of Leuco-Indigo and Indigo as Active Material in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Maahury Mirella Fonda , Male Yusthinus Thobias , Martoprawiro Muhamad Abdulkadir
Published: August 2020

Computational study of natural indigo has been carried out to get the optimized structure and electronic properties of two indigo at different pH. It has been found that indigo has the potential to be applied as active material in the dye-sensitized solar cell. Computational calculations are performed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with B3LYP functional and 6-31G(d,p) for ground state geometry optimization and Time Dependent-Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) for excited states single point calculation. All calculations are carried out in the gas phase. Geometry optimization results show that Indigo has a planar structure, whereas leuco-indigo structure is not planar. Leuco-indigo absorption wavelength is shorter than indigo. The density of HOMO and LUMO is spreading throughout the molecule. The density of electrons at LUMO extends to the anchoring group. Based on excitation energy, absorption wavelength, excitation composition, and HOMO-LUMO density, it can be concluded that indigo has the potential to be applied in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC)
Characterization of Activated Carbon from Industrial Solid Waste Agar with a Different Activator Concentrations
Authors: Zaqyyah Khuril , Subekti Sri , Lamid Mirni
Published: August 2020

Production of seaweed processing generates a huge amount of waste, either waste solid or liquid waste. For solid waste contains a lot of organic carbon derived from cellulose or hemicellulose. Therefore, the solid waste that has the potential as a raw material of activated carbon. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the activated carbon produced from solid waste agar and determine the optimal concentration of activator that produced the best characteristics of the activated carbon. The treatment used is a different activator concentration which is designed using completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. The results showed the five treatments are significant differences in the characteristics of the ash and pure active carbon content. This study shows that the manufacture of activated carbon industrial solid waste agar with a different activator concentration influence on the characteristics of the active carbon with ash content parameter and pure active carbon content. The concentration of activator that can provide the highest value of pure activated carbon is in P5 with a concentration of 6 M. Based on this study are advised to do further research on how to lower the ash content of the activated carbon from solid waste agar.
A Survey of Macrozoobenthos Assemblages in a Tropical Mangrove Estuary in Brebes, Java Island
Authors: Zallesa Sheila , Riyantini Indah , Astuty Sri , Nurrahman Yusuf Arief , Faizal Ibnu , Arsad Sulastri , Martasuganda Marine K , Prasetiya Fiddy Semba
Published: August 2020

The mangrove forest in Brebes is one of the mangrove areas that were degraded due to abrasion and excessive logging in the North Coast of Java Island, Indonesia. This research aimed to analyze macrozoobenthos community structure in the mangrove forest that has not been documented. Surveys were carried out in the rainy season. In this study, a total of 10 sampling locations were divided into two different groups that represent “control” (station) and “disturbed” sites. The main structural parameters of the macrozoobenthos identified at each station were specific richness S (number of species), abundance N (number of individuals.m-2), the Shannon-Wiener index N1. A total of 346 specimens were counted from the two different stations (“control” and “disturbed”). These specimens were belonged to five animal classes, namely, Bivalvia, Gastropod, Malacostraca, Polychaeta, Cephalopoda. Pairwise comparison of the site groups with one-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) was not significant for between “control” and “disturbed” groups (p=0.062), where the average dissimilarity between the two stations was 88.42%. This result provides macrozoobenthos diversity and ecological information that may contribute to further conservation management in the mangrove forest in Brebes, Indonesia.
Efficacy of GP-11 KHV DNA Vaccine in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) through Feed by Different Frequency of Administration
Authors: Rouf Ahmad Beni , Nuryati Sri , Sukenda Sukenda , Alimuddin Alimuddin
Published: August 2020

GP-11 KHV DNA vaccine is a vaccine that can be used to induce immunity against the KHV virus (Koi herpesvirus). Vaccination through feed is an alternative way of administering vaccines. The study aimed to examine the effect of giving KHV GP-11 DNA vaccine through feed with different frequencies to KHV infection. The frequency of vaccine administration is GP-11 vaccination once a week; GP-11(1x), GP-11 vaccination twice a week; GP-11(2x), GP-11 vaccination three times a week; GP-11(3x), GP-25 vaccinations three times a week; GP-25(3x), negative control (without KHV test) and positive control (KHV tested). The fish were kept for 28 days after vaccination and then continued with the KHV challenge test for 28 days. The weight of carp ranges from 13.82±2.37 g maintained with a density of 15 fish/aquarium. The results showed that vaccine treatment was able to induce an immune response as indicated by the number of white blood cells, lysozyme activity and post-vaccination antibody titer showed a significant effect compared to controls. Likewise, after the challenge test, supported by IFNγ and IgM gene expression parameters after the challenge test showed the highest value of vaccine treatment rather than control. The efficacy of vaccine was showed by RPS value (%) in each vaccine treatment obtained GP-11(1x) value of 44.7±3.7a, GP-11(2x) of 78.9±18.2b, GP-11(3x) 85.6±12.6b and GP-25(3x) 79.5±18.1b. It was concluded that administering the GP-11 vaccine frequency 2 times a week provides protection as strong as giving a vaccine frequency 3 times a week.Keywords: common carp, DNA vaccine, frequency of administration, koi herpesvirus
Effect of Air Pollution from Pedestrian Traffic in An Open Market: A Case Study of Bodija Market
Authors: Oladejo Oluyemisi Joy , Odeyale Timothy Oluseyi , Adiamo Bukola
Published: August 2020

Market air quality is very important to the economic lives of the people which is rarely researched, however, market activities particularly pedestrian traffic releases particulates which is detrimental to the health of the users and stakeholders. Thermo scientific MIE pDR-1500 particulate was used to monitor the quality of air within the market for eight (8) weeks, air pollutant of concern is PM2.5. ten (10) sample points were located in the market which covers ten (10) sample points for pedestrian traffic to represent the entire market environment spectrum. The analysis of PM2.5 measured daily during dry and wet season shows a clear seasonal variation of this particular pollutant as elevated concentration was measured during the dry season than the wet season. The assessment of PM2.5 concentration shows exceedances of the standards stated by WHO and NAAQS during the dry season which ranges from 47.9 μg/m3- 231.88 μg/m3 in the morning and 65.17 μg/m3- 1806.33 μg/m3 in the afternoon. From the findings, pedestrian traffic contributes immensely to air pollution in an open market, with this elevated concentration, prolonged exposure is highly detrimental to health. This study creates awareness to the pedestrians in an open market about air pollution and informs policy changes.
Gene Pyramiding for Sustainable Crop Improvement against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Dormatey Richard , Sun Chao , Ali Kazim , Coulter Jeffrey A , Bi Zhenzhen , Bai Jiangping
Published: August 2020

Sustainable agricultural production is endangered by several ecological factors such as drought, extreme temperatures, excessive salts, parasitic ailments, and insect pest infestation. These challenging environmental factors may have adverse effects on future agriculture production in many countries. In modern agriculture, conventional crop breeding techniques alone are inadequate for achieving the increasing population’s food demand on a sustainable basis. The advancement of molecular genetics and related technologies are promising tools for the selection of new crop species. Gene pyramiding through marker assisted selection (MAS) and other techniques have accelerated the development of durable resistant/tolerant lines with high accuracy in the shortest possible period of time for agricultural sustainability. Gene stacking has not been fully utilized for biotic stress resistance development and quality improvement in most of the major cultivated crops. This review emphasizes on gene pyramiding techniques that are being successfully deployed in modern agriculture for improving crop tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses for sustainable crop improvement.
COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates by Identification of B and T Cell Multi-Epitopes Against SARS-COV-2
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Mathavan Sarmilah , Jia Jin Wee , Bt Azman Nur Azznira , Subramanaiam Devindren , Binti Zainalabidin Nur Afiqah , Lingadaran Dhivashini , Binti Abdul Sattar Zainah , Manickam Danniya Lakshmi , Anbananthan Priscilla Sheba , Taqiyuddin Johan Ahmad , Thevarajan Yuvapriya
Published: August 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new discovered strain where WHO officially declares the disease as COVID-19 while the virus responsible for it called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2. The incubation period of this disease is between 14 days. Ordinary clinical symptoms that reported around the world include fever, cough, fatigue, diarrhoea and vomiting as well as asymptomatic for certain people. Infection is spread mainly through broad droplets. In early March 2020, WHO again has announced that COVID-19 is a pandemic with currently no specific treatment. The potential use of SARS-COV-2 proteome as a vaccine candidate by analysing through B-cell and T-cell antigenicity by using a immunoinformatics approach as a vaccine development early stage. In this study, we used consensus sequence for SARS-COV-2 proteome that was retrieved from NCBI database. VaxiJen 2.0 was mainly used to identify the antigenic property of SARS-COV-2 proteins. IEDB then used to analyse the B-cell epitope, the presence of T cell immunogenic epitope in SARS-COV-2 proteins was obtained by using compromise method of MHC class I and II tools that accessible respectively using ProPred-1 server and MHC II Binding Prediction in IEDB database. The best epitopes of B and T-cell epitopes were predicted with high antigencity and the information is disseminated through web-based database resource (https://covid-19.omicstutorials.com/epitopes/). This study will be useful to find a new epitope-based candidate for SARS-COV-2. However, further study needs to be done for the next stages of vaccine development.
Clinical Validation of a Novel Quantitative Assay for the Detection of MGMT Methylation in Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Rosas-Alonso Rocio , Colmenarejo-Fernandez Julian , Pernia Olga , Rodriguez-Antolin Carlos , Esteban Isabel , Ghanem Ismael , Sanchez-cabrero Dario , Losantos-Garcia Itsaso , de Castro Javier , Martinez-Marin Virginia , Ibanez de Caceres Inmaculada
Published: August 2020

The promoter hypermethylation of the methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene is a frequently used biomarker in daily clinical practice as it is associated with a favorable prognosis in glioblastoma patients treated with temozolamide. In this study we carried out a clinical validation of a quantitative assay for MGMT methylation detection by comparing a novel MSP custom assay using double-probe characteristics (dp_qMSP) with the conventional MSP in 100 FFPE glioblastoma samples collected from a prospective study in La Paz University Hospital. We realized both determinations and established the best cutoff for the identification of positive-methylated samples using the quantitative data obtained from dp_qMSP. Kaplan-Meier curves and ROC time dependent or ROC(t) curves were employed for the comparison of both methodologies. Our results indicate that the optimal cutoff to categorize the MGMTm positive samples by using dp_qMSP is 3.75% methylation value. We obtained similar results using both assays in the same cohort of patients, in terms of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) when analyzing the Kaplan-Meier curves. The results of ROC(t) curves showed that dp_qMSP increases the AUC (t) in comparison with MSP for predicting PFS and OS over time. We conclude that dp_qMSP is an alternative methodology compatible with the results obtained with the conventional MSP. This easy-to-use, objective and reliable methodology provides quantitative results and improves the diagnostic precision of patients with glioblastoma in terms of PFS and OS, making it a more competitive assay, suitable for clinical practice.