bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verificación de un equipo FDR para la medida del contenido de agua del suelo en dos sistemas de cultivo
Authors: Moreno-Pérez M.F. , Villalobos Martín Francisco , Fereres Castiel Elias
Published: November 2015

Se ha estudiado el comportamiento de un equipo FDR (sonda multisensor EnviroSCAN, Sentek PTY LTD, Adelaine, South Autralia) para su uso en la programación de riegos de dos sistemas de explotación diferentes (plantación de olivar regada por goteo y parcela de trigo regada por aspersión). En cada una de ellas se instaló un equipo EnviroSCAN con varias sondas de medida del contenido de agua en profundidad, y varios tubos de acceso de sonda de neutrones. En primer lugar, se compararon los contenidos de agua calculados a partir de las medidas realizadas con ambos sistemas de medida. Se encontraron buenos ajustes lineales (R2 mayores de 0.70), salvo para los sensores más profundos, es decir, con pequeñas variaciones de humedad (valores entre 0.043 a 0.054 cm3/cm3), y en las parcelas no regadas. Además, era apreciable la descalibración del sistema de medida EnviroSCAN, consecuencia de la utilización de la recta de calibración facilitada por el fabricante. Por último, se calibró el sistema EnviroSCAN utilizando los datos del primer año de medida para corregir los del segundo. Así, se encontró que aunque no se mejoraron las regresiones realizadas, el RMSE se mejoró considerablemente tanto para las medidas superficiales, como para los contenidos de humedad medios del perfil de profundidad determinada.
On the Size of Sheepskin Effects: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rodríguez Jhon James Mora , Muro Juan
Published: November 2015

The authours use information gathered from 122 studies on the effects of high school diplomas on wages in different countries worldwide to carry out a meta-analysis that shows high school diplomas have a statistically significant effect on wages of nearly 8%. This effect varies whether the country is away from the tropics or whether factors such as gender, race, and continent are taken into account. The results also reveal the existence of a publication bias that tends to increase the magnitude of the sheepskin effect. Nevertheless, when the former is factored into the analysis the latter remains statistically significant.
Heat shock protein 70 mRNA expression and immune response of heat-stressed finishing broilers fed propolis (bee glue) supplementation
Authors: Hosseini S. M. , Afshar M. , Ahani S. , Vakili Azghandi M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. This 2×2 factorial experiment investigated the efficacy of propolis (bee glue; BG) in ameliorating heat-stress-induced impairment of growth performance, the hematological profile, intestinal morphology, and biomarkers of heat stress in broilers. Two hundred and forty 21-day old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were allocated to four experimental treatments in six replicates of 10 birds each. The main factors were composed of diet (basal diet or addition of 3 g kg−1 of BG) and temperature (thermoneutral or heat stress). Broilers subjected to heat stress had reduced average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI); a higher heterophil level and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and a lower lymphocyte level; upregulated mRNA expression of 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) levels in heart, kidney, and breast muscle; and shorter jejunal villus height, deeper crypt depth, and a lower ratio of villus-height-to-crypt-depth compared with those broilers raised in thermoneutral conditions. Supplemental BG increased ADG, jejunal villus height, and the villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio and decreased the feed-to-gain ratio and creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels in breast muscle compared with the birds who received control diets. The inclusion of BG in diets significantly decreased the mRNA expression of HSP70 levels in heart, kidney, and breast muscle in birds subjected to heat challenge. These results indicate that the BG-supplemented diet was effective in partially ameliorating adverse effects in resistance to heat stress in broiler chickens.
A microphysics guide to cirrus clouds – Part 1: Cirrus types
Authors: Krämer M. , Rolf C. , Luebke A. , Afchine A. , Spelten N. , Costa A. , Zöger M. , Smith J. , Herman R. , Buchholz B. , Ebert V. , Baumgardner D. , Borrmann S. , Klingebiel M. , Avallone L.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds continue to be beyond understanding and thus still represent one of the largest uncertainties in the prediction of the Earth's climate (IPCC, 2013). Our study aims to provide a guide to cirrus microphysics, which is compiled from an extensive set of model simulations, covering the broad range of atmospheric conditions for cirrus formation and evolution. The model results are portrayed in the same parameter space as field measurements, i.e. in the Ice Water Content-Temperature (IWC-T) parameter space. We validate this cirrus analysis approach by evaluating cirrus data sets from seventeen aircraft campaigns, conducted in the last fifteen years, spending about 94 h in cirrus over Europe, Australia, Brazil as well as Southern and Northern America. Altogether, the approach of this study is to track cirrus IWC development with temperature by means of model simulations, compare with observations and then assign, to a certain degree, cirrus microphysics to the observations. Indeed, the field observations show characteristics expected from the simulated cirrus guide. For example, high/low IWCs are found together with high/low ice crystal concentrations Nice. An important finding from our study is the classification of two types of cirrus with differing formation mechanisms and microphysical properties: the first cirrus type is rather thin with lower IWCs and forms directly as ice (in-situ origin cirrus). The second type consists predominantly of thick cirrus originating from mixed phase clouds (i.e. via freezing of liquid droplets – liquid origin cirrus), which are completely glaciated while lifting to the cirrus formation temperature region (< 235 K). In the European field campaigns, in-situ origin cirrus occur frequently at slow updrafts in low and high pressure systems, but also in conjunction with faster updrafts. Also, liquid origin cirrus mostly related to warm conveyor belts are found. In the US and tropical campaigns, thick liquid origin cirrus which are formed in large convective systems are detected more frequently.
Spectral aerosol extinction (SpEx): a new instrument for in situ ambient aerosol extinction measurements across the UV/visible wavelength range
Authors: Jordan C. E. , Anderson B. E. , Beyersdorf A. J. , Corr C. A. , Dibb J. E. , Greenslade M. E. , Martin R. F. , Moore R. H. , Scheuer E. , Shook M. A. , Thornhill K. L. , Troop D. , Winstead E. L. , Ziemba L. D.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. We introduce a new instrument for the measurement of in situ ambient aerosol extinction over the 300–700 nm wavelength range, the spectral aerosol extinction (SpEx) instrument. This measurement capability is envisioned to complement existing in situ instrumentation, allowing for simultaneous measurement of the evolution of aerosol optical, chemical, and physical characteristics in the ambient environment. In this work, a detailed description of the instrument is provided along with characterization tests performed in the laboratory. Measured spectra of NO2 and polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs) agreed well with theoretical calculations. Good agreement was also found with simultaneous aerosol extinction measurements at 450, 530, and 630 nm using CAPS PMex instruments in a series of 22 tests including nonabsorbing compounds, dusts, soot, and black and brown carbon analogs. SpEx measurements are expected to help identify the presence of ambient brown carbon due to its 300 nm lower wavelength limit compared to measurements limited to longer UV and visible wavelengths. Extinction spectra obtained with SpEx contain more information than can be conveyed by a simple power law fit (typically represented by Ångström exponents). Planned future improvements aim to lower detection limits and ruggedize the instrument for mobile operation.
Evaluation of cloud base height measurements from ceilometer CL31 and MODIS satellite over Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Sharma S. , Vaishnav R. , Shukla M. V. , Kumar P. , Kumar P. , Thapliyal P. K. , Lal S. , Acharya Y. B.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Clouds play a tangible role in the Earth's atmosphere and in particular, the cloud base height (CBH) which is linked to cloud type is one of the important characteristic to describe the influence of clouds on the environment. In present study, CBH observations from ceilometer CL31 have been extensively studied during May 2013 to January 2015 over Ahmedabad (23.03° N, 72.54° E), India. A detail comparison has been performed with the use of ground-based CBH measurements from ceilometer CL31 and CBH retrieved from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) onboard Aqua and Terra satellite. Some interesting features of cloud dynamics viz. strong downdraft and updraft have been observed over Ahmedabad which revealed different cloud characteristics during monsoon and post-monsoon periods. CBH shows seasonal variation during Indian summer monsoon and post-monsoon period. Results indicate that ceilometer is one of the excellent instruments to precisely detect low and mid-level clouds and MODIS satellite provides accurate retrieval of high-level clouds over this region. The CBH algorithm used for MODIS satellite is also able to capture the low-level clouds.
Combining multi-spectral proximal sensors and digital cameras for monitoring grazed tropical pastures
Authors: Handcock R. N. , Gobbett D. L. , González L. A. , Bishop-Hurley G. J. , McGavin S. L.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Timely and accurate monitoring of pasture biomass and ground-cover is necessary in livestock production systems to ensure productive and sustainable management of forage for livestock. Interest in the use of proximal sensors for monitoring pasture status in grazing systems has increased, since such sensors can return data in near real-time, and have the potential to be deployed on large properties where remote sensing may not be suitable due to issues such as spatial scale or cloud cover. However, there are unresolved challenges in developing calibrations to convert raw sensor data to quantitative biophysical values, such as pasture biomass or vegetation ground-cover, to allow meaningful interpretation of sensor data by livestock producers. We assessed the use of multiple proximal sensors for monitoring tropical pastures with a pilot deployment of sensors at two sites on Lansdown Research Station near Townsville, Australia. Each site was monitored by a Skye SKR-four-band multi-spectral sensor (every 1 min), a digital camera (every 30 min), and a soil moisture sensor (every 1 min), each operated over 18 months. Raw data from each sensor were processed to calculate a number of multispectral vegetation indices. Visual observations of pasture characteristics, including above-ground standing biomass and ground cover, were made every 2 weeks. A methodology was developed to manage the sensor deployment and the quality control of the data collected. The data capture from the digital cameras was more reliable than the multi-spectral sensors, which had up to 63 % of data discarded after data cleaning and quality control. We found a strong relationship between sensor and pasture measurements during the wet season period of maximum pasture growth (January to April), especially when data from the multi-spectral sensors were combined with weather data. RatioNS34 (a simple band ratio between the near infrared (NIR) and lower shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands) and rainfall since 1 September explained 91 % of the variation in above-ground standing biomass (RSE = 593 kg DM ha−1, p < 0.01). RatioNS34 together with rainfall explained 95 % of the variation in the percentage of green vegetation observed in 2-dimensions (%Green2D) (RSE = 6 %, p < 0.01). The Green Leaf Algorithm index derived from the digital camera images and the rainfall accumulated since the 1 September explained 91 % of the variation in %Green2D (RSE = 9 %, p < 0.01, df = 20), but had a poor relationship with biomass. Although proximal sensors observe only a small area of the pasture, they deliver continual and timely pasture measurements to inform timely decision-making on-farm.
Ideas and perspectives: why Holocene thermokarst sediments of the Yedoma region do not increase the northern peatland carbon pool
Authors: Hugelius G. , Kuhry P. , Tarnocai C.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Permafrost deposits in the Beringian Yedoma region store large amounts of organic carbon (OC). Walter Anthony et al. (2014) describe a previously unrecognized pool of 159 Pg OC accumulated in Holocene thermokarst sediments deposited in Yedoma region alases (thermokarst depressions). They claim that these alas sediments increase the previously recognized circumpolar permafrost peat OC pool by 50 %. It is stated that previous integrated studies of the permafrost OC pool have failed to account for these deposits because the Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (NCSCD) is biased towards non-alas field sites and that the soil maps used in the NCSCD underestimate coverage of organic permafrost soils. Here we evaluate these statements against a brief literature review, existing datasets on Yedoma region soil OC storage and independent field-based and geospatial datasets of peat soil distribution in the Siberian Yedoma region. Our findings are summarised in three main points. Firstly, the sediments described by Walter Anthony et al. are primarily mineral lake sediments and do not match widely used international scientific definitions of peat or organic soils. They can therefore not be considered an addition to the circumpolar peat carbon pool. Secondly, independent field data and geospatial analyses show that the Siberian Yedoma regions is dominated by mineral soils, not peatlands. Thus, there is no evidence to suggest any systematic bias in the NCSCD field data or maps. Thirdly, there is spatial overlap between these Holocene thermokarst sediments and previous estimates of permafrost soil and sediment OC stocks. These carbon stocks were already accounted for by previous studies and cannot be added to the permafrost OC count. We suggest that statements made in Walter Anthony et al. (2014) resulted from misunderstandings caused by conflicting definitions and terminologies across different geoscientific disciplines. A careful cross-disciplinary review of terminologies would help future studies to appropriately harmonize definitions between different fields.
Data compilation on the biological response to ocean acidification: an update
Authors: Yang Y. , Hansson L. , Gattuso J.-P.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The exponential growth of studies on the biological response to ocean acidification over the last few decades has generated a large amount of data. To facilitate data comparison, a data compilation hosted at the data publisher PANGAEA was initiated in 2008 and is updated on a regular basis (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.149999). By January 2015, a total of 581 data sets (over 4 000 000 data points) from 539 papers had been archived. Here we present the developments of this data compilation five years since its first description by Nisumaa et al. (2010). Most of study sites from which data archived are still in the Northern Hemisphere and the number of archived data from studies from the Southern Hemisphere and polar oceans are still relatively low. Data from 60 studies that investigated the response of a mix of organisms or natural communities were all added after 2010, indicating a welcomed shift from the study of individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. The initial imbalance of considerably more data archived on calcification and primary production than on other processes has improved. There is also a clear tendency towards more data archived from multifactorial studies after 2010. For easier and more effective access to ocean acidification data, the ocean acidification community is strongly encouraged to contribute to the data archiving effort, and help develop standard vocabularies describing the variables and define best practices for archiving ocean acidification data.
Integrating a mini catchment with mulching for soil water management in a sloping jujube orchard on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Li H. C. , Gao X. D. , Zhao X. N. , Wu P. T. , Li L. S. , Ling Q. , Sun W. H.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Conserving more soil water is of great importance to the success of arid and semiarid orchards. On the hilly areas of the Loess Plateau of China, mini catchments, named fish-scale pits, are widely used in orchards for collecting surface runoff to infiltrate more soil water. However, the flat surface inside fish-scale pits would increase soil evaporation during non-rainfall periods. Therefore, we integrated fish-scale pits with mulching, a popular meaning to reduce soil evaporation, to test whether this integration could improve soil water conservation. The results showed that soil water deficit was observed for all treatments. However, soil water deficit was further intensified in the dry month. An index was used to represent the soil water supply from rainfall infiltration denoted WS. For the fish-scale pit with branch mulching treatment in the entire soil profile, the compensation degree of SWS were greater than 0. However, the CK treatment showed negative values in the 40–180 cm. In conclusion, integrating fish-scale pits with mulching could conserve significantly more soil water by increasing infiltration and decreasing evaporation compared to fish-scale pits alone. Since the mulching branches were trimmed jujube branches, the integration of fish-scale pit with branch mulching is recommended in jujube orchards in order to both preserve more soil water and reduce the cost of mulching materials.
Assessment of permafrost distribution maps in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region using rock glaciers mapped in Google Earth
Authors: Schmid M.-O. , Baral P. , Gruber S. , Shahi S. , Shrestha T. , Stumm D. , Wester P.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The extent and distribution of permafrost in the mountainous parts of the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region are largely unknown. A long tradition of permafrost research, predominantly on rather gentle relief, exists only on the Tibetan Plateau. Two permafrost maps are available digitally that cover the HKH and provide estimates of permafrost extent, i.e., the areal proportion of permafrost: the manually delineated Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground Ice Conditions (Brown et al., 1998) and the Global Permafrost Zonation Index, based on a computer model (Gruber, 2012). This article provides a first-order assessment of these permafrost maps in the HKH region based on the mapping of rock glaciers. Rock glaciers were used as a proxy, because they are visual indicators of permafrost, can occur near the lowermost regional occurrence of permafrost in mountains, and can be delineated based on high-resolution remote sensing imagery freely available on Google Earth. For the mapping, 4000 square samples (~ 30 km2) were randomly distributed over the HKH region. Every sample was investigated and rock glaciers were mapped by two independent researchers following precise mapping instructions. Samples with insufficient image quality were recorded but not mapped. We use the mapping of rock glaciers in Google Earth as first-order evidence for permafrost in mountain areas with severely limited ground truth. The minimum elevation of rock glaciers varies between 3500 and 5500 m a.s.l. within the region. The Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground Ice Conditions does not reproduce mapped conditions in the HKH region adequately, whereas the Global Permafrost Zonation Index does so with more success. Based on this study, the Permafrost Zonation Index is inferred to be a reasonable first-order prediction of permafrost in the HKH. In the central part of the region a considerable deviation exists that needs further investigations.
"Et occidetur virtute Domini Antichristus a Mikaele arcangelo". Paisaje y escatología en Sant Miquel de Llíria (s. XIV d. C.)
Authors: Ledo Caballero Antonio Carlos
Published: November 2015

El presente articulo intenta determinar las razones por las que el santuario de Sant Miquel de Llíria, uno de los más importantes de la actual provincia de Valencia, se consagró al arcàngel guerrero. Se estudia para ello la historia de su culto en Occidente, haciendo hincapié en aspectos como su relación con los lugares elevados y la frecuente proximidad de sus santuarios con aquellos dedicados a la Virgen. Atenderemos también a aspectos fundamentales del contexto histórico, como los movimientos de renovación espiritual medievales, la influencia del médico y teólogo Arnau de Vilanova en la Valencia de principios del siglo XIV y las profecías escatológicas vinculadas a la llegada del Anticristo.
El Hiyab
Authors: Pascual Llanos Eva
Published: November 2015

La polémica acerca del hiyab como símbolo de identidad de la mujer musulmana ha irrumpido en nuestra sociedad occidental. Si bien visiblemente no es más que una prenda, el ocultamiento del cabello, el cuello, y en algunas ocasiones el rostro y el cuerpo hacen que su uso no deje indiferente y su significado exceda más allá de lo puramente religioso. El presente trabajo constará de dos partes: La primera, tratará de entender la naturaleza de esta prenda, estudiando su procedencia, sus tipos y el significado que para las mujeres musulmanas tiene portarlo. La segunda, se centrará en el debate público y político que en muchos países de Europa, entre ellos España, viene provocando su uso y las consecuencias que una eventual prohibición o limitación del mismo tendría.
"Per aurem intrat Christus in Mariam". Aproximación iconográfica a la "conceptio per aurem" en la pintura italiana del Trecento desde fuentes patrísticas y teológicas
Authors: Salvador González José María
Published: November 2015

La tesis mariológica de la conceptio per aurem, según la cual la Virgen María habría concebido a Jesucristo por el oído en el momento de escuchar del ángel el mensaje celestial anunciándole que, sin perder su virginidad, sería madre del Hijo de Dios encarnado, ha merecido hasta ahora muy pocos estudios académicos rigurosamente fundados en fuentes primarias. De hecho, en la literatura especializada son muy escasas las referencias a tal teoría y, cuando algún estudioso la evoca, casi siempre se contenta con aludir a ella, sin aportar pruebas documentales. Sin embargo, tal como lo revelan las nueve pinturas italianas aquí analizadas, esa teoría fue ilustrada mediante sutiles metáforas visuales en muchas obras pictóricas medievales, las cuales se inspiraron en una sólida tradición literaria. Además una pléyade de Padres de la Iglesia y teólogos medievales testimonia, mediante afirmaciones explícitas, que semejante teoría gozó de notable aceptación entre los maestros del pensamiento cristiano. Basándose en numerosos textos patrísticos y teológicos, este artículo intenta dos objetivos esenciales: exponer, ante todo, las distintas formulaciones teóricas propuestas por esos pensadores; y además, tratar de poner en luz los significados dogmáticos que subyacen bajo esa sorprendente tesis.
Isis a través de los textos: El culto isíaco en la literatura grecolatina de época altoimperial
Authors: Santamaría Canales Israel
Published: November 2015

El culto a la diosa Isis, de origen egipcio aunque helenizado a partir del dominio macedónico, se expande por el mundo grecorromano hasta abarcar un espacio geográfico muy amplio, como nunca antes había conocido. Los testimonios literarios que se refieren a él en época altoimperial son abundantes y de distinta naturaleza, desde descripciones precisas de elementos clave hasta escritos hostiles por parte de autores cristianos con una intencionalidad muy clara. El análisis pormenorizado de estos textos se antoja necesario si se quiere llegar a conocer el estado en el que se encuentra el culto isíaco en un período como el Alto Imperio.
Compatriot partiality and cosmopolitan justice: Can we justify compatriot partiality within the cosmopolitan framework?
Authors: Bascara Rachelle
Published: November 2015

This paper shows an alternative way in which compatriot partiality could be justified within the framework of global distributive justice. Philosophers who argue that compatriot partiality is similar to racial partiality capture something correct about compatriot partiality. However, the analogy should not lead us to comprehensively reject compatriot partiality. We can justify compatriot partiality on the same grounds that liberation movements and affirmative action have been justified. Hence, given cosmopolitan demands of justice, special consideration for the economic well-being of your nation as a whole is justified if and only if the country it identifies is an oppressed developing nation in an unjust global order.This justification is incomplete. We also need to say why Person A, qua national of Country A, is justified in helping her compatriots in Country A over similarly or slightly more oppressed non-compatriots in Country B. I argue that Person A’s partiality towards her compatriots admits further vindication because it is part of an oppressed group’s project of self-emancipation, which is preferable to paternalistic emancipation.Finally, I identify three benefits in my justification for compatriot partiality. First, I do not offer a blanket justification for all forms of compatriot partiality. Partiality between members of oppressed groups is only a temporary effective measure designed to level an unlevel playing field. Second, because history attests that sovereign republics could arise as a collective response to colonial oppression, justifying compatriot partiality on the grounds that I have identified is conducive to the development of sovereignty and even democracy in poor countries, thereby avoiding problems of infringement that many humanitarian poverty alleviation efforts encounter. Finally, my justification for compatriot partiality complies with the implicit cosmopolitan commitment to the realizability of global justice theories.Article first published online: 9 NOV 2015
A non-ideal global basic structure
Authors: Martin Sabrina
Published: November 2015

Focusing on the basic structure as the subject of justice has tended to lead theorists to make a choice: either there is no global basic structure and therefore obligations of justice remain domestic only (the statist position) or there is sufficient institutional basis at the global level to warrant affirming a basic structure global in scope, meaning that duties of justice must also be global (the cosmopolitan position). Recent literature, however, has pointed out that this might be a false choice between denying and asserting the existence of a global basic structure. There are two main claims that I make in this paper. First, I claim that on a Rawlsian understanding of the basic structure, justice does not require one before its demands arise, but rather that under certain conditions, justice can require that a basic structure be established as an essential part of fulfilling its demands. This has the benefit of not restricting the scope of justice to the domestic sphere. Thus, the second claim is about determining, from a practice-dependent, non-ideal starting point, what those “certain conditions” are. Specifically, I argue that when currently existing global institutions begin impacting on the freedom of individuals to interact against a fair backdrop and pervasively impact on life chances, then the demands of justice will arise and we will need to establish a global basic structure. This paper, then, also has implications for the ideal/non-ideal theory debate, because I argue that the best way to globalize the basic structure is to begin from a non-ideal starting point.Article first published online: 9 NOV 2015
What is professional integrity?
Authors: Eriksen Andreas
Published: November 2015

What is professional integrity and what makes it so important? Policies are designed to promote it and decisions are justified in its name. This paper identifies two competing conceptions of professional integrity and argues that, on their own, both are deficient. In response, this paper develops a third, interpretive view, in which professional integrity is conceived as the virtue of being good on the word of the practice. Professions ask for the public’s trust and in doing so, generate a set of legitimate expectations. Judgments of professional integrity are informed by an interpretation of practice that is sensitive to this normative situation.
(De)Militarized Domesticity: Reconfiguring Marriage, Gender, and Family among Filipino Navy Couples
Authors: Suarez Theresa C.
Published: November 2015

Through sixty in-depth interviews conducted with immigrant Filipino Navy families in San Diego, California between 2004 and 2005, I examine how the U.S. military, as a colonial institution, transformed conceptions of race, gender, and family and reconfigured these structures by regulating and authorizing certain notions of intimacy, marriage, motherhood/fatherhood, and family life based on an ideal of white bourgeois domesticity. I argue that the family construct that promotes social and cultural citizenship for Filipino Navy families can potentially destabilize the U.S. military institution.
Analysis of the affective factors of learning mathematics among teacher trainees
Authors: Zsinkó Erzsébet
Published: November 2015

The Hungarian National Core Curricula gives primacy to the development of abilities and the practical application of knowledge. The task of the training programme is primarily to prepare teacher trainees for the teaching and educating profession. As teachers, they are going to plan, organize, help, guide, control and evaluate the learning of mathematics of individuals and groups of students from the age of 6 to 10 (12), and cultivate their mathematical skills, thinking and positive attitude towards any mathematical activities. In order to train educators who are able to meet the above requirements on high standard, it is necessary to update the teacher training programme based on the trainees' preliminary knowledge and motivation level.
The key to learn about the child's mind and achieve conscious development is the systematization of factual knowledge and methodological awareness. The modern, flexible approach to subject pedagogy, based on pedagogy, psychology and epistemology, qualifies trainees to educate learners who understand and like mathematics. Therefore, it is essential to develop the trainees' positive approach to mathematics and arouse their demand for continuous professional improvement. (Programme of the four-year primary school teacher training, 1995.)
In our research we are looking for ways of ascertaining the starting parameters which have influence on the planning of the studies of mathematics and subject pedagogy. In this article we introduce a questionnaire by the means of which we collected information on the trainees' attitude and its changing towards mathematics. With the help of the analysis of the answers we paint a picture of the ELTE TÓFK (Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Elementary and Nursery School Teacher's Training) third year students' attitude to the subject, and we compare it to the tendencies noticed in the mass education. The energy invested in learning is influenced by the assumption of the relevance and importance of the subjects. Therefore we considered it also our task to reveal. Besides the students' attitude toward mathematics and their assumption about their own competence we have collected data also on their performance in the subject. Summarising the research results we show the advantages of the questionnaire, and summarise the observations which would indicate need for methodological changes in the mathematics teacher training.
Frequency-based dynamic models for the analysis of English and Hungarian literary works and coursebooks for English as a second language
Authors: Csernoch Mária
Published: November 2015

We examined the characteristics of how word types are introduced in English and Hungarian literary works as well as in English coursebooks written for second language learners. By subdividing the texts into small segments of equal length, we were able to pinpoint subtle changes in the narrative. Based on the frequency of the word types in the original text a model was generated, and applying the model artificial texts were created. By comparing the original and the artificial texts, the places where these changes within the narrative occurred, could be located. Studying coursebooks we found that their vocabulary and how they introduce word types resembled those of randomly collected and concatenated short stories. According to our observations writers of the coursebooks forget that not only should the number of word types be carefully planned, but their repetition, in sufficient number, should also be cared for.
A mathematical and didactical analysis of the concept of orientation
Authors: Kónya Eszter
Published: November 2015

The development of spatial ability, in particular the development of spatial orientation is one of the aims of mathematics education.
In my work, I examine the concept of orientation, especially concepts of between, left, right, below, above, front, back, clockwise and anticlockwise. I analyze answers given for a simple orientation task prepared for elementary school pupils. I would like to call attention to the difficulties pupils have even in case of solving simple orientation problems.
We have different ways to know more about the crucial points of a concept, especially of the concept of orientation. In this study I bring out one of them. I analyze and make some didactical conclusions about the origin and the axiomatic structure of orientation.
Sequenced problems for functional equations
Authors: Ádám Zsolt , Lajkó Károly , Maksa Gyula , Mészáros Fruzsina
Published: November 2015

There are many possible methods to solve equations of the form H(f(x + y), f(x − y), f(x), f(y), x, y) = 0 (x, y 2 R), where H is a known function and f is the unknown function to be determined. Here we will create a sequence of problems for equations of type (1) (see on the next page). These sequenced problems are appropriate for the fostering of talented students on different level of mathematical education.
Proof without words
Authors: Plaza Ángel
Published: November 2015

There are many expressions for number π as infinite series or infinite product (see for example [1, 2, 3]). In [1] the following series for number π is attributed to K. Knopp:...
Report on the Conference of History of Mathematics & Teaching of Mathematics with Special Subject Ethno-mathematics
Authors: Kántor Tünde
Published: November 2015

The 4th Conference on History of Mathematics & Teaching of Mathematics with Special Subject Ethno-mathematics was organized at the University of Miskolc (Hungary). The aim of the conference was to present aspects of the History of Mathematics and Ethno-mathematics, including its impact on the Teaching of Mathematics.
Its motto was: Mathematics – a common language for Europe for thousand years.
There were 21 presentations, a poster lecture (J. Kolumbán, University of Cluj, Romania) and an exhibition made by students of Eötvös University, Budapest (R. Tanács, K. Varga).
After a short historical introduction we present 19 abstracts and the poster lecture.
Task reformulation as a practical tool for formation of electronic digest of tasks
Authors: Minďáková Ingrid , Šveda Dušan
Published: November 2015

Creative thinking as well as thinking itself is being developed at active learning-cognitive activity of students. To make mathematic matter a subject of interest and work of students at classes, it is efficacious to submit it in a form of tasks. The tasks may be set up in a purposeful system of tasks by means of which reaching the teaching goals in the sense of quality and durability of gained knowledge may be more effective. A suitable means for presentation of tasks with their characteristics (as e.g. didactic function and cognitive level) as well as task systems themselves is an electronic digest of tasks as a database. The analysis of textbooks and digests of tasks commonly used at schools in Slovakia shows that they do not include all the types of tasks necessary for setting up complete (in the sense of didactic functions) task systems. One of the most important methods used for formation of the missing tasks is reformulation of tasks. The individual strategies of task reformulation are explained in details on examples in this article.
Teaching polygons in the secondary school
Authors: Szeredi Éva , Török Judit
Published: November 2015

This study presents the analysis of four sequences of videotaped lessons on polygons in lower secondary schools (grades 7 and 8) taught by four different teachers in four different countries (Belgium, Flanders, England, Hungary and Spain). Our study is a part of the METE project (Mathematics Educational Traditions in Europe). The aims and methodology of the project are described briefly in the introduction. In the next section of this paper we describe various perspectives on teaching and learning polygons which were derived from the literature, concerning the objectives, conceptual aspects and didactic tools of the topic. The next two sections introduce the main outcomes of our study, a quantitative analysis of the collected data and a qualitative description linked to the perspectives on teaching polygons. We conclude by discussing some principal ideas related to the theoretical and educational significance of this research work.
How the derivative becomes visible
Authors: Hähkiöniemi Markus
Published: November 2015

This paper reports how an advanced 11th-grade student (Daniel) perceived the derivative from a graph of a function at a task-based interview after a short introduction to the derivative. Daniel made very impressive observations using, for example, the steepness and the increase of a graph as well as the slope of a tangent as representations of the derivative. He followed the graphs sequentially and, for example, perceived where the derivative is increasing/decreasing. Gestures were an essential part of his thinking. Daniel's perceptions were reflected against those of a less successful student reported previously [Hähkiöniemi, NOMAD 11, no. 1 (2006)]. Unlike the student of the previous study, Daniel seemed to use the representations transparently and could see the graph as a representation of the derivative.
Linear clause generation by Tableaux and DAGs
Authors: Kovásznai Gergely
Published: November 2015

Clause generation is a preliminary step in theorem proving since most of the state-of-the-art theorem proving methods act on clause sets. Several clause generating algorithms are known. Most of them rewrite a formula according to well-known logical equivalences, thus they are quite complicated and produce not very understandable information on their functioning for humans. There are other methods that can be considered as ones based on tableaux, but only in propositional logic. In this paper, we propose a new method for clause generation in first-order logic. Since it inherits rules from analytic tableaux, analytic dual tableaux, and free-variable tableaux, this method is called clause generating tableaux (CGT). All of the known clause generating algorithms are exponential, so is CGT. However, by switching to directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from trees, we propose a linear CGT method. Another advantageous feature is the detection of valid clauses only by the closing of CGT branches. Last but not least, CGT generates a graph as output, which is visual and easy-to-understand. Thus, CGT can also be used in teaching logic and theorem proving.
Learning and Knowledge
Authors: Tarcsi Margit
Published: November 2015

In the paper the four main stages of an experiment are described focusing on the question as to how much measuring the length and perimeter of various objects such as fences, buildings by old Hungarian units of measurements and standards contribute to the establishment of the concept of perimeter.
It has also been examined in what ways and to what extent the various forms of teaching such as frontal, group and pair and individual work contribute to the general knowledge, thinking, creativity and co-operation in this area.
It will also be shown to what extent folk tales, various activities and games have proved to be efficient in the teaching of the particular topic.
Every stage of the experiment was started and closed with a test in order to find out whether the development was successful and children managed to gain lasting knowledge in this particular area.
Teaching multiparadigm programming based on object-oriented experiences
Authors: Porkoláb Zoltán , Zsók Viktória
Published: November 2015

Multiparadigm programming is an emerging practice in computer technology. Co-existence of object-oriented, generic and functional techniques can better handle variability of projects. The present paper gives an overview of teaching multiparadigm programming approach through typical language concepts, tools in higher education. Students learning multiparadigm-oriented subjects would gain considerable expertise, which is highly needed by the industrial side in large-scale application development.
Constructing the disk method formula for the volume obtained by revolving a curve around an axis with the help of CAS
Authors: Aktümen Muharrem , Kabaca Tolga
Published: November 2015

Calculus concepts should have been taught in a carefully designed learning environment, because these concepts constitute a very important base for almost all applied sciences. The integral, one of the fundamental concepts of Calculus, has a wide application area. This paper focuses on constructing the disk method formula for the volume obtained by revolving a curve around an axis with the help of a CAS.
In this study, a semi-structured interview was carried out. In this interview, we tried to construct the disk method formula.
The levels of constructing the disk method formula in this study are:
• Introducing the concept: evaluating the volume of an Egyptian pyramid.
• Evaluating the volume of a cone obtained by revolution (using Maple worksheet).
• Designing their own ring and evaluating its price (using Maplet).
In this study, the interview has been presented as a dialog between teacher and students. When we look at feedback from students, we see that such a teaching method effects students in a positive way and causes them to gain conceptual understanding directed towards the concepts of approximation and volume.
A Comprehensive Approach to Image Watermarking, Encryption and Steganography
Authors: Sridhar Sabarish
Published: November 2015

Steganography, water marking and encryption are widely used in image processing and communication. A general practice is to use them independently or in combination of two - for e.g. data hiding with encryption or steganography alone. This paper aims to combine the features of watermarking, image encryption as well as image steganography to provide reliable and secure data transmission .The basics of data hiding and encryption are explained. The first step involves inserting the required watermark on the image at the optimum bit plane. The second step is to use an RSA hash to actually encrypt the image. The final step involves obtaining a cover image and hiding the encrypted image within this cover image. A set of metrics will be used for evaluation of the effectiveness of the digital water marking. The list includes Mean Squared Error, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and Feature Similarity.
Maximizing Profit in Reverse Supply Chain
Authors: Khansalar Ehsan , Dashte Bayaz Mahmood Lari , Safari Reza
Published: November 2015

We try to find a linear analytical model to evaluate cost maximization using reverse logistics network in recycle industry, which reduces total cost of reverse logistics. In industries that production costs or percentage of recurred goods are significantly high, reverse logistics is so important. The purpose of this research is presenting a reverse logistics model and also a mathematical model to minimize costs and maximize benefits in recycle industry. Presented model in this research is a multi-variable system which has some constraints. This model helps organizations to use appropriate production strategies.
A Survey on Vehicle Detection based on Vision
Authors: Dhanaekaran Surender , Ramachandran Karthi , M Selvamuthukumar , Velam Nithya , Pal Soma
Published: November 2015

Passenger safety in vehicles is the primary concern and hence Vehicle detection for providing enough safety information for Driver Assistant System (DAS) become popular among researchers. Many approaches use different types of information such as shadow, edge, light, to detect the vehicles. Here vision based vehicle detection techniques were summarized. Following topics discussed below, camera placement and the various applications of monocular vehicle detection, common features and common classification methods, motion- based approaches and nighttime vehicle detection and monocular pose estimation. 
Applicable VFCW Technology in Parallel with Biochar-Mixed Soils for Treating Formaldehyde in Ethylene Glycol Factory Wastewater
Authors: Wararam Watcharapong , Chunkao Kasem , Phewnil Onanong , Tangkananuruk Nipon , Tangkananuruk Kanita , Pattamapitoon Thanit , Nimpee Chatri , Soeihom Charinthip , Peumsinb Jirasak
Published: November 2015

The research is aimed to study on the applicability of VFCW technology by using Biochar-soil mixing as growing materials of Cyperus and Typha for treating wastewater containing formaldehyde as produced through the production processes of ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol that belonging to TOC Glycol Company inside Mabtaput Industrial Estate in Eastern Thailand. The results found that VFCW technology in form of small experimental unit of Lysimeter was applicable together with Cyperus Biochar:Soil Ratio of 1:50 and planting Cyperus. The application of formaldehyde wastewater flow rate 100 ml/min was shown highest potential for having breakthrough point at 20 liters, HRT 6.67 hours, formaldehyde effluent quality 1.03 mg/L (influent 20 mg/L) treatment efficiency 94.85% and encouraging the aquatic plants in highest numbers up to 140 stems of Cyperus as the same as more Pseudomonas sp. 1.8x105 CFU/g.soil for better decomposers of formaldehyde wastewater.
The Capture Fishery Based Small Pelagic Business Development Opportunities Analysis with Purse Seine Fishing Gear in Maluku (Case Study on Financial Aspect in West Seram Regency)
Authors: Siaila Steven
Published: November 2015

The study aims to find out and analyze the influence of running cost, shore cost, fishing duration and seasonal climate on profitability of purse seining small pelagic fishery business group in West Seram Regency in purpose to find out capture fishery development prospect by using such equipment in West Seram Regency. The data used in this study is primary data, i.e. a data collected from respondents through interview. Respondents are selected purposively from population of purse seining capture fishery business group. Multiple linear regression analysis method is applied to estimate the influence of running cost, shore cost, fishing duration and seasonal climate on the profitability variables (ROA). The findings reveal that running cost affects positively profitability, shore cost affects negatively and significantly profitability, fishing duration affects negatively and significantly profitability. On the contrary, seasonal climate does not affect profitability of purse seining capture fishery. Further, it is said that there is still a chance to develop purse seining small pelagic fishery business group under the condition that the activity has to be accompanied with control over running cost, shore cost, and fishing duration. 