bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of sex hormones and ROS values in the control of andrology in male double-spurred Francolin (Francolinus bicalcaratus)
Authors: Osinubi Olakunle Olutoye , Aina Oluwasanmi Olayinka , Ozegbe Peter Chuka
Published: October 2023

Background: This study explored the relationship between andrology, seasonal sex hormone fluctuations, and ROS values in adult male  Francolinus bicalcaratus while establishing baseline parameters.

Methods: Double-spurred Francolins (n=5 per season) were randomly  selected in both dry and rainy seasons from their natural habitat. They were carefully stabilized with dewormer, antibiotics, and  multivitamins, then acclimatized for two weeks at the Experimental Animal House, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The birds were weighed,  sedated, and 3 to 5 ml of blood was collected from the jugular vein in lithium heparinized bottles for serum sex hormone analysis. Testes  were excised, weighed, washed with a 1.15% KCL solution, and processed for complete andrology and oxidative stress assays.

Results:  Sperm count, activity, and morphological characteristics peaked during late rainy seasons, coinciding with increased mating and  hatchability. This correlated with high serum testosterone and low ROS titres in the testes. Conversely, early dry seasons witnessed  declines in serum testosterone, sperm parameters, and hatchability due to increased ROS titres from food scarcity. Late dry seasons saw  further declines in sex hormone levels and elevated ROS titres, leading to the absence of sperm cells.

Conclusion: This study highlights  how sex hormone and ROS titres influence sperm cell viability in double-spurred Francolins, with significant seasonal variations. These factors mainly support spermatogenesis and fertility during the breeding season, characterized by food abundance and cover. Dry  season sex hormone values serve as baselines, while wet season sperm count and ROS levels represent baseline data for this bird  species.
Testicular morphological evaluations in Sprgue-Dawley rats under an antitussive dextromethorphan
Authors: Oluwaseye Adebajo Adesina , Chinwe Gbotolorun Stella , Ayodele Oremosu Ademola
Published: October 2023

Background: Dextromethorphan is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of the methyl ether of levorphanol, an opioid analgesic. It is also a  stereoisomer of levomethorphan, an opioid analgesic and has been reported to affect male fertility by altering the cytoarchitecture of the  seminiferous tubules and affect hormones that are responsible for fecundity in males. The aim of this study is to determine the  possible morphological alterations in males following exposure to dextromethorphan, using Sprague-Dawley rats as experimental  models.

Methods: A total of twenty rats (150 ± 30 g) divided into four groups (N=5; A-D) were used. Group A, control received distilled  water (DW); group B received 20 mg/kg of the drug, group C received 40 mg/kg and group D received 80 mg/kg of DM for a duration of  16 weeks. At the end of treatment period, the animals were selected and sacrificed, the following histomorphometric parameters were analyzed: diameter and height of the seminiferous tubule and epididymis, volume of testes and the number of spermatogonia,  spermatocytes and spermatids within the seminiferous tubules.

Results: Significant reduction in all the Histomorphometric parameters  were recorded when treatment groups were compared to control but when recovery-alone group was compared to treatment groups,  slight increases were recorded.

Conclusion: DM has deleterious effect on the morphometric parameters analyzed from the epididymis  and testes.
Curcuma longa renal historestorative effects on sildenafil induced nephrotoxicity among male albino rats
Authors: Allan Khisa Wanjala , Oyugi Spencer Opiyo , Nyabola Atanas Malik
Published: October 2023

Background: Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor mostly used in management of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary  hypertension. On the other hand, Curcuma longa is herbal plant that is mostly used in diets among the Asian and African population and  commonly used in treatment of respiratory, renal and dermatological diseases.

Methods: A post-test only true experimental study design  was utilized with 25 Albino rats grouped as follows: negative control, positive control (sildenafil 1µg/g bwt), low dose Curcuma  longa (38.75mg/kg), medium dose Curcuma longa (77.5mg/kg) and high dose Curcuma longa (155mg/kg) each having 5 rats. Induction of  nephrotoxicity using sildenafil was done for 15 days with an interim sacrifice for negative and positive control groups done on day 15.  Experimental groups were sacrificed on day 22 after receiving Curcuma longa at respective doses. Blood samples for renal function tests  were obtained on day 1, 15 and 22. Enblock harvesting of the kidneys after euthanizing the rats with concentrated CO2 and 10% neutral  buffered formalin perfusion was done on day 15 and 22 then fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 24hours. The kidneys were then  processed for Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and photomicrographs were taken using Olympus light microscope fitted with LABOMED  ivu 3100 digital camera.

Results: In sildenafil induced nephrotoxicity group; glomerulus was distorted, dilated bowman`s space, dilated  renal tubules and necrotic epithelial cells. Minimal histological changes were observed in low Curcuma longa dose group while in  medium and high Curcuma longa dose groups; the glomerulus had well defined margins, bowman`s space reduced in size, epithelial cells  appeared normal.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that medium and high dose Curcuma longa have kidney historestorative effects in  sildenafil induced nephrotoxicity among male albino rats.
Pattern of musculocutaneous and median nerve communication in adult cadavers
Authors: Shin Mya Thein , Htoo Phone Myint
Published: October 2023

Background: Variations in connections between the musculocutaneous and median nerves in the arm are not as uncommon as was once  thought. Lesions of the communicating nerve may give rise to patterns of weakness that may impose difficulty in diagnosis.   

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the variation of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) and analyze the incidence of nerve  communication between the musculocutaneous and median nerves.

Methods: Anatomical dissection was performed in the present work  by using 62 arms from 31 adult cadavers, age ranging from eighteen to eighty years, which was donated to Medical Universities in  Myanmar. Among the 62 studied arms, 26 arms (41.9%) were male, and 36 arms (58.1%) were female.

Results: Nerve variation patterns  were seen in four out of 62 studied arms (6.4%) and one arm (1.6%) showed no musculocutaneous nerve. One out of 62 studied arms  (1.6%) revealed the musculocutaneous nerve did not pierce the coracobrachialis muscles but communicated with the median nerve in the  upper third of arm. One out 62 studied arms (1.6%) revealed a musculocutaneous nerve piercing the coracobrachialis muscle and  communicated with the median nerve in the upper third of arm. Communicating branch was found in two upper limbs (3.22%).  

Conclusion: The knowledge of these variations will allow physicians to correctly interpret anomalous innervation patterns of the upper limb.
Relative importance Index of Ethical Leadership Practices among Academic Staff in Public Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania
Authors: Mseti Elias , Wilfred Lameck , Kinemo Stella
Published: October 2023

The pinnacle of every country's literacy and the foundation of knowledge creation and management are Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs). Widespread ethical problems are threatening HLIs. Accepting payment or presents in return for grades, utilizing other forms of academic fraud, harassing faculty, staff, and students in a sexual manner both inside and outside of the classroom, abusing power, and plagiarizing are all examples of academic fraud. These moral issues put HLIs in danger and result in the hiring of students who lack the necessary skills. Tanzania's public HLIs were the subject of this study's investigation of ethical leadership practices. The study's target population consisted of 4863 academic staff members at public HLIs in Tanzania. A sample of 350 respondents was drawn from this group using a stratified simple random sampling technique. The input provided by the respondents was examined using the Microsoft Excel application. Relative index analysis was used in this study to order the criteria according to their relative importance. The calculation of the Relative Relevance Index (RII) is important to this study because the outcome shows the ranking level of relevance. It is especially useful for surveys using a Likert scale. The overall findings demonstrate that ethical leadership behaviours in all areas (role clarity, power sharing, integrity, ethical guidance, and fairness) scored Medium-High (M-H), with the highest overall ranking of 0.7 and above. None of the moral behavior received a Higher (0.8) or higher rating. Seven (7) factors received a Medium (0.6) ranking.
Effect of Frequency of using Social-Media on Academic Performance of Students in Primary School Teachers' Training Colleges in Vihiga County, Kenya
Authors: Lugonzo Humphrey Musera , Nyatuka Benard Omenge , Pacho Titus Ogalo
Published: October 2023

The study investigated the effect of frequency of social media usage on academic performance of students in primary school teachers’ training colleges (TTCs) in Vihiga County, Kenya. The Technological Determinism theory by McLuhan Marshall (1964) guided the study. Correlation survey research design was employed in the study with the aid of mixed method approach. It was conducted in 6 colleges. The target population of 1584 comprised of 6 principals, 100 tutors and 1478 students. The 6 colleges and the 6 principals were sampled purposively. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 306 students and 80 tutors using the table developed by Krejcie and Morgan (1970) to give a sample size of 392. Questionnaires and interview guide were used to collect data. Validity and reliability were determined by piloting these tools in 2 teachers’ training colleges in the neighbouring Kakamega County. Reliability was established through the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient which yielded acceptable values of 0.78 and 0.80 for the questionnaires issued to tutors and students, respectively. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 assisted in data analysis. Quantitative data was analysed descriptively using frequencies and percentages. It was presented in tabular form. It was also analysed inferentially using Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Regression and ANOVA to test if a correlation existed between the variables. The study findings revealed that a positive significant association existed between the independent and the dependent variables since p = 0.000 < 0.05. The rejection of the null hypothesis led to a conclusion that the frequency of using social media influenced academic performance. The study recommended that students should always use appropriate social media platforms to bolster their academic performance.
Burns among adults in a major Malawian burn unit: epidemiology and factors associated with prolonged hospital stay
Authors: Kasenda Stephen , Mategula Donnie , Chokotho Tilinde
Published: October 2023

AimThis study sought to describe the epidemiology of burns and factors associated with prolonged hospital stay among adult patients admitted in the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital burns unit. MethodsAll files of patients aged at least 17 years and admitted in the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital burns unit between 1 June 2007 and 31 May 2017 with acute burns, were reviewed. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, injuries sustained, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes were extracted from the files. Summary statistics, independent sample T-test, and odds ratios were computed to determine the distribution and associations of the variables collected.Results A total of 515 patient files, all from rural or informal urban settlements, were reviewed. The median age at the time of presentation was 32 years (IQR: 25-45), and 52% (n=279) were male. Most of the burns occurred at home (81.0%; n=379), were of flame etiology (75.7%; n=385), and were reported to have been accidental (94.7%, n=445). The mean monthly rate of new burn injury patients was highest in the cool-dry season, and epileptic seizures were a common precedent of burn injury (30.7%; n=158). Most (62.7%) of the patients with recorded burn sites sustained multiple burns injuries, and more than half of the patients had upper and lower limb burns (64.6% & 59.5% respectively). Thirty patients sustained additional non-burn injuries, and 26.4% (n=132) of all patients with recorded outcomes died in the hospital.Conclusion The data on burn injuries among adults presenting at the QECH burns unit suggests the existence of socio-economic inequalities associated with burn incidence. There is also a need for improvement in the quality and uptake of epilepsy care in primary care facilities.
The Socioeconomic consequences of femoral shaft fracture for patients in Malawi
Authors: Mody Kush S. , Wu Hao-Hua , Chokotho Linda C. , Mkandawire Nyengo C. , Young Sven , Lau Brian C. , Shearer David , Harding Kiran J. Agarwal-
Published: October 2023

BackgroundFemoral shaft fractures are common in Malawi, with an annual incidence of 44 per 100,000 people. Inadequate treatment and delayed presentation often result in functional, biopsychosocial, and financial challenges for patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the socioeconomic consequences of femoral shaft fractures for patients in Malawi. Methods This study of 42 patients was part of a larger study that prospectively examined quality of life. Questionnaires were distributed to patients at 1-year follow-up following femoral shaft fracture treatment. Patients reported pre- and post-injury standard of living and financial well-being. Results Patients reported relatively high transportation costs to and from the hospital. One year after injury, 17 patients (40%) had not returned to work. Of the 25 (60%) who had returned, 5 (20%) changed jobs due to their injury, all reported decreased productivity. Household income decreased for 29% of patients. 20 (49%) of 41 patients reported food insecurity in the week prior to questionnaire completion. Many patients reported changing their residence, borrowing money, selling personal property, and unenrolling children from school due to financial hardship caused by their injury. Conclusion While the Malawian public healthcare system is free at the point of care, it lacks the financial risk protection that is essential to universal health coverage (UHC). In this study, we found that the indirect costs of care due to femoral shaft fractures had substantial socioeconomic consequences on the majority of patients and their families. Increased investment of financial and human capital should be made into capacity building and preventative measures to decrease the burden of injury, increase access to care, improve care delivery, and provide financial risk protection for patients with traumatic injuries in Malawi.
Three-year follow-up outcomes of adult patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome after rehabilitation
Authors: Uz Fatma Ballı , Uz Cuma , Karaahmet Ozgur Zeliha
Published: October 2023

Background Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the most common cause of acute paralytic neuropathy, covers a number of recognizably different variants. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of the patients with GBS and the outcome results of the patients after rehabilitation.Methods We enrolled 24 adult patients with GBS and evaluated their demographic characteristics, signs, complications, functional levels, and residual symptoms at admission, discharge, and during the 1st and 3rd-year follow-up visits. Functional Independence Scale (FIM), Functional Ambulation Scale (FAS), Hughes functional grading scale, Six-Minute Walking Test (6MWT), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were used for patient evaluation.Results In this study, patients with a mean age of 47.29 ± 16.2 years (40% female) were hospitalized for an average of 28.91 ± 25.6 days. The predominant symptoms experienced by these patients were fatigue (100%), neuropathic pain (70.8%), joint pain (54.2%), and autonomic dysfunction (50%). Significant changes were observed in FIM, Hughes functional grading scale, FAS, 6MWT, and MRC score at admission, discharge, and 1st/3rd-year follow-ups (p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.001, p=0.000, respectively). Fatigue and Hughes score increased significantly with age (p=0.019, r=0.475; p=0.041, r=0.419, respectively). Negative correlations were found between age and FAS, 6MWT, and MRC score at 1st-year follow-up (p=0.025, r=-0.456; p=0.027, r=-0.450; p=0.008, r=-0.528). FSS was above 4 before admission and in 53.1% at 3rd-year follow-up, correlating negatively with 6MWT and MRC sum score. GBS clinical types showed no significant differences. ConclusionRehabilitation improves functional improvement in GBS patients, with long-term benefits observed. However, residual symptoms such as fatigue and neuropathic pain may persist despite functional improvement. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating rehabilitation into the management of GBS and addressing residual symptoms to improve patient outcomes.
The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale – straight forwardly in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Kabul Elif Gur , Demir Pervin , Ulutas Firdevs , Yenil Sinem , Calik Bilge Basakci , Cobankara Veli
Published: October 2023

Objective This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of Turkish version of Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale–Straightforwardly (BFNE-S (TR)) in patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc).Materials and Methods 35 individuals (mean age: 53.3±13.0 years) diagnosed as SSc were included. Data on demographics, were collected via structured interview. All participants were evaluated by same investigator. The disability was evaluated with Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ), disease severity with Medsger’s Disease Severity Scale, and skin involvement with Modified Rodnan Skin Score. BFNE-S (TR) was applied to the patients with SSc who did not receive any treatment for test retest at one-week intervals. Results The one-factor structure was provided for all indices except Chi-Square. Factor loadings were significant. The patient responses to the BFNE-S (TR) demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α: 0.95). The floor effect (20%) percentage of patients who scored at floor level, was observed. Test-retest reliability of the scale was excellent with 0.91 (95%CI: 0.78–0.96). BFNE-S (TR) total score had positive correlation with SHAQ_Digestive (r=0.503) and SHAQ_Raynaud phenomenon (r=0.343)(p<0.05).Conclusions The BFNE-S (TR) is a reliable and valid scale and can be used for measurement of fear of negative evaluation in SSc.
Development of rice farming: a cause of the emergence of multiple insecticide resistance in populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l and its impact on human health in Malanville, Bénin
Authors: Anges YADOULETON , Yvette BADOU , Falilath SANOUSSI , Gildas HOUNKANRIN , Carine TCHIBOZO , Praise ADEWUMI , Lamine BABA-MOUSSA
Published: October 2023

AimThe rise in rice production in the district of Malanville, Northen Benin, is a present concern, as it has resulted in the widespread usage of pesticides for crop protection. This could impact human health but also life cycle of Anopheles gambiae, the main vector of malaria.Methods Therefore, insecticide susceptibility bioassays were carried out on populations of An. gambiae s.l aged to 3-5 days old (two from areas where insecticide is highly used and other two areas of low insecticide use) and subjected to insecticide-impregnated papers (Permethrin 0.75%; deltamethrin 0.05%; DDT 4% and bendiocarb 0.1%) following WHO protocol. Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCRs) were used for the detection of Acethlylcholinestrase (Ace-1) and the knock down resistance (kdr) L1014F mutations in An. gambiae populations. Finally, indirect bioassays were conducted for the investigating on the factors affecting the life cycle of An. gambiae due to the use of pesticides.Results An. gambiae from the four sites were resistant to DDT (6 to 8% and 10 to 14% respectively from areas of high and low dose), pyrethroids (22 to 26% and 30 to 36% for permethrin, from areas of high and low dose respectively and 66 to 70% and 72 to 80% for deltamethrin, from high and low dose) but susceptible to carbamate. The kdr L1014F mutation was detected in An. gambiae populations (0.88 to 0.90 and 0.84 to 0.88 from high and low dose, respectively). The ace-1 was detected at low frequencies (<0.002). Bioassays on the impacts of the use of pesticides in the life cycle of An. gambiae showed that soil substrates with pesticides residues have a negative impact on the life cycle eggs of An. gambiae. ConclusionThese findings confirmed the negative impacts of pesticides use in rice farming and its impacts on the life cycle of An. gambiae.
Five-times sit-to-stand test following anterior cruciate ligament surgery: a cross-sectional reliability study
Authors: KOCAMAN Hikmet , ALKAN Halil , CANLI Mehmet , CANLI Mehmet , KUZU Şafak , ÖZÜDOĞRU Anıl
Published: October 2023

Aims Patients who have had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) should periodically have their muscle strength assessed. The five-times sit-to-stand test (FTSST) can evaluate the muscle strength and balance of the lower extremities. This study’s primary purpose was to assess the validity and reliability of the FTSST in patients who have undergone ACL-R. Material and Methods Forty-three people who had undergone ACL-R surgery were included in the study. The study’s primary outcome measure, the FTSST, was assessed by two different investigators. Secondary outcome measures were body balance, quadriceps muscle strength, Tegner activity score (TAS), and Lysholm score. ResultsThe FTSST’s test–retest and inter-rater reliability were both high (ICC: 0.99). The FTSST also showed a strong statistically significant correlation with all secondary outcome measures, including balance, quadriceps muscle strength, TAS, and Lysholm score (p<0.05). ConclusionsAccording to the study results, the FTSST is a tool-free, simple method for assessing muscle strength and the body balance level, mobility level, and functional status of the knee in patients who have undergone ACL-R surgery.
Association of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with specific naira denominations
Authors: Otokunefor K. , Akiode, A. T , Ademola-Fagbure I. , Perewari D. O.
Published: October 2023

Currency serves as a global tool for commerce but is notorious for its association with potentially pathogenic bacteria. This has been further complicated by the growing evolution and emergence of drug resistance among bacteria, with various currencies associated with multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. This could be a silent factor in the current scourge of multidrug resistance. This study therefore set out to explore the presence of multidrug resistance Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in specific denominations of Naira, the Nigerian currency in Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 50 naira notes comprised of two commonly used denominations (₦50 and ₦100) made up of two different materials (polymer and paper) were analyzed for microbial load, presence of key bacteria and drug resistance using standard tests. Results of the study revealed high bacterial loads with Log10 values ranging from 4.52 to 5.39 for the ₦100 notes and 4.52 to 5.31 for ₦50 notes. Samples had a higher occurrence of S. aureus (26) than E. coli (8). These isolates were associated with very high rates of resistance though the Gram-positive organisms were more resistant. Both S. aureus and E. coli had high rates of MDR (96.2% and 100% respectively). This study reveals an association of the Nigerian currency, Naira, with a variety of drug resistant bacteria and high levels of multidrug resistance in key pathogens and primarily underscores the need for continuous hand washing as the first key step in disease prevention.
Morpho-molecular identification of fungi associated with fufu
Authors: Ikechi-Nwogu C.G , Odogwu B.A. , Udongwo N. I.
Published: October 2023

Millions of people in Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, and other countries throughout the world eat fufu, which is produced from fermented cassava (Manihot esculenta). Despite being a one-stop shop for carbohydrates, it has been found to be a host for fungal pathogens. Based on morphology and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, a study was done to isolate and identify the common fungal infections linked to fufu in storage. The most prevalent fungal isolate, FU-01, was examined under a microscope for the morphological investigation and was determined to be Geotrichum sp. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 4 (ITS-1F and 4R) regions of the isolate were sequenced and aligned with the sequence with accession number MG833313.1, which showed maximum similarity of 99% with Galactomyces candidum, also known as Geotrichum candidum sequences available at National Center for Biotechnology Information. This finding demonstrated that one of the fungi associated with preserved fufu is Geotrichum candidum, an environmental and acid-tolerant mold found in soil, water, air and as part of the human flora. This pathogen may have gotten into fufu as a result of contamination during pre-processing of cassava. It is strongly advised that fufu processors and handlers practice good personal hygiene and sanitation, heat the fufu before eating it, and closely monitor the production operations by the appropriate agencies.
Levels and safety assessment of pesticide residues in selected vegetables and fruits sold in Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya T.O. , Magaji U.F. , Abdulazeez A. , Musa M.N. , Yusuf A.B. , Obi C. , Yusuf A.B. , Muhammad A.S.
Published: October 2023

Pesticides are widely used to boost agricultural output, thus making food consumption a major route of human pesticide exposure. This study was aimed at determining the safety of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits sold in Ikorodu Markets, Lagos, Nigeria. The vegetables analyzed were lettuce (Lactuca sativa), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and onion (Allium cepa), while the fruits were orange (Citrus aurantium), mango (Mangifera indica), and guava (Psidium guajava). Samples of the vegetables and fruits were subjected to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and the values obtained were compared with the minimum risk levels (MRLs) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Thereafter, the estimated daily intake (EDI) and health risk index (HRI) of the detected pesticide residues were calculated and compared with the acceptable daily intake. The GC-MS analysis of the vegetables detected chlorepyrifos-ethyl beyond the MRLs in lettuce, spinach, and cucumber; metalaxyl exceeded the MRLs in cabbage; while cyhalothrin, emamectin, acetaprid, carbendazime, and cypermethrin were detected within the MRLs. The analyses of the fruits revealed non- tolerable levels of chlorepyrifos-ethyl in orange; imidacloprid exceeded the MRLs in mango; and carbon disulfide was above the MRLs in guava. The EDI and HRI of the pesticides were within acceptable limits, but the HRI of cyhalothrin in lettuce and carbon disulfide in mango were not. The results suggest that the vegetables and fruits may predispose consumers to health hazards, with spinach and mango posing the greatest risk. Farmers need to comply with safety guidelines on pesticide use.
First serological prevalence of dengue virus IgG antibody among pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Okonko I. O , Innocent-Adiele H. C. , Njoku O. V. , Eugene E. A.
Published: October 2023

Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and is considered a public health problem worldwide. Pregnant women and infants are at risk of developing severe dengue, which has been linked to poor outcomes. This study sought to determine the prevalence of Dengue Virus IgG antibodies among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 94 pregnant women were enlisted, and after gaining consent, approximately 5 ml of whole blood was taken. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect the presence of IgG antibodies to the dengue fever virus. IgG antibodies prevalence to the dengue fever virus was found to be 2.1%. Women who were within 16 to 20 years (6.7%), single (2.6%), employed (3.8%), had primary education (5.3%) and resided in urban areas (4.8%) all had higher incidence rates. Although this study reported a low prevalence of dengue virus among pregnant women, intensive enlightenment on the preventive measures which include the use of insect repellant and wearing of long-sleeved shirts, among others, should be sustained.
Testosterone modulates atrazine-induced cytotoxicity in testicular cell lines
Authors: Mgbudom-Okah C. J. , Wegwu M. O.
Published: October 2023

Testosterone greatly influences healthy growth and development of male sex organs. Testosterone has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant and anti-cytotoxic effects in cells. The present study examine the protective effect of testosterone on ATZ-induced cytotoxicity using TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli cell lines as testicular in vitro models. TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli cell lines were treated with atrazine (ATZ) 232 μM with varying concentrations of testosterone (0.1. 1, 10, 20 nM) for 6 h, 12 h and 48 h. Administration of testosterone increased the viability of the cell lines for 12 h and 48 h exposure compared to ATZ values (p< 0.005). Furthermore, testosterone reduced TM3 cell and TM4 cell GSH levels. Exogenous testosterone intake minimizes cell death and GSH levels in testicular cell lines exposed to ATZ. However, the lowest dose of testosterone attenuates the ATZ-induced increase of GSH levels in both TM3 and TM4 cells (p< 0.005).
Effect of heat and mass transfer on magneto-hydrodynamic flow with chemical reaction and viscous energy dissipation past an inclined porous plate
Authors: Jimoh O. R. , Abdullahi D.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a mathematical model describing heat and mass transfer of magneto-hydrodynamic flow with chemical reaction and viscous energy dissipation past an inclined porous plate is presented. The governing partial differential equations which describe the phenomenon were nondimensionalized with the aid of some dimensionless quantities. The dimensionless coupled non-linear partial differential equations were solved using the harmonic solution technique. The results obtained were discussed graphically. Findings from the results obtained reveal that increase in Peclet number; Heat source parameter and Grashof number enhance the velocity profiles. Similarly, an increase in the Peclet energy number, Eckert number, Heat source parameter, angle of inclination, permeability parameter and Stuart number leads to an increase in the temperature profile.
Chemical composition, sensory and microbial analysis of yoghurt-like product from breadfruit, coconut and soybean extract
Authors: Akwasiam B.U. , Efiuvwevwere B. J. O. , Eruteya O. C.
Published: October 2023

Yoghurt, a dairy product with established nutritional and health benefits. However, food security coupled with high cost of animal milk and its products has prompted the need for the use of plant milk, hence the need for alternative products. This research is aimed at investigating the chemical, microbial and sensory attributes of yoghurt-like products made from breadfruit (B), coconut (C), and soybean (S) extract in the ratio: B20:C20:S60, B20:C30:S50, B30:C20:S50 and B30:C30:S40 fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus using standard methods. The percentage proximate composition of the yoghurt-like product revealed the following ranges for moisture (70.06+0.01 to 78.02+0.11), crude protein (11.08+1.32 to 20.87+0.02), crude fat (2.01+0.31 to 3.01+0.31), crude fiber (4.37+0.03 to 6.01+0.16) and carbohydrate (3.10+0.02 to 5.51+0.03). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the protein values of B20: C20: S60 when compared with the commercial (100%) cow milk yoghurt. All the yoghurt-like products contained appreciable ranges of essential minerals, namely: Ca (30.02+0.05 to 40.31+0.03), Mg (1.22+0.22 to 11.2+ 36), Na (2.80±0.12 to 12.38+0.03) and P (5.15+0.62 to 20.02+ 0.52). The microbial results under refrigeration temperature at 4oC showed that the microbial load increases with the blend with high percentage of breadfruit. The sensory attributes of the yoghurt-like products composed of B20:C30:S50 was rated closest to the control (100% cow milk yoghurt). The results obtained from this research has shown that its feasible to produce non-dairy yoghurt derived from blend of breadfruit, coconut, and soybean extract of comparable nutritional and health benefits with the whole milk yoghurt.
Effect of crude oil spillage on some soil physical properties within Ovia North East Local Government in Edo State.
Authors: Udinyiwe C.O. , Aghedo E.S.
Published: October 2023

The release of crude oil into the environment by oil spill is currently receiving a worldwide attention due to the high risk it portends to the health of the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of crude oil spillage on some soil physical properties. Eight (8) soil samples were collected from eight sampling locations around the flow station at Gelegele River, Edo State. The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) recorded were above the 1,000 mg/kg permissible limit by World Health Organization (WHO) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for hydrocarbon contaminated soil. The physiochemical studies were carried out according to the methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemist (A.O.A.C) for the determination of the soil physicochemical parameters. The physiochemical parameters obtained were pH (6.01 ± 0.02 – 6.49 ± 0.07), Electrical Conductivity (EC) (416.00 ± 10.70 – 656.45 ± 11.65) mS/m, Carbon (2.13 ± 0.03 – 3.70 ± 0.01a) %, Nitrogen (0.04 ± 0.01 – 1.67 ± 0.02ab) %, Phosphorus (1.33 ± 0.06 – 2.91 ± 0.04ab)%, Water holding capacity (WHC) (82.48 ± 0.82 – 92.48 ± 0.82) %, Bulk density (0.70 ± 0.02ab – 2.79 ± 0.05) %. There is a current concern of environmental pollution and this study showed that the area of study currently of concern that needs to be monitored.
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices on water, sanitation and hygiene in Zaria Local Government Area, Kaduna State
Authors: Handan T.E. , Ahmed Maimuna A. , Victor Shekari , Umar Shamsudeen , Daze Davou Habila
Published: October 2023

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) are relevant concerns for sustained and effective implementation of WASH programs. This research was conducted in Zaria Local Government Area (LGA), Kaduna State to Assess the KAP  on WASH to avail reliable data for informed interventions. 174 randomly selected households were interviewed. The result reveals four  main sources of drinking water, viz borehole (31%), well (19%), pipe-borne (13.1%) and water packaged in sachet (24.7%). The result  shows that 34.5% of households dispose solid waste through unauthorized waste collectors, 16.1 % use authorized collectors, 17.2% at  public approved dumpsite, 16.1% at unapproved dump sites, 16.1% by burning, 4% bury their waste and 4% dispose waste in open water  bodies/ways/drainages. The results shows that 30.5% of households have modern water closets, 42.8 % use pit latrine, and 11.5 % use  public toilets. Based on the findings, it is evident that there is high accessibility of improved water to households, availability of improved  toilet facility is also high, but waste management practice is poor. In conclusion, Zaria LGA is in need of WASH interventions especially as  regards waste management. It is recommended that efforts should be made to intensify awareness about WASH.
Econometric modelling of Nigeria economic growth: A VECM and impulse response functions
Authors: Adewole A.I.
Published: October 2023

Economic growth characterizes the quantitative changes that occur in economic variables and attributed to overall increase in production  per capital. This study examined the economic impact of exchange rate, foreign direct investment, inflation rate and the trade balance on Nigeria GDP over the period of 1970-2022. The dynamic causal association among the selected macroeconomic variables and economic growth in Nigeria was evaluated via the implementation of vector error correction model (VECM) procedures and  impulse response functions. The VECM estimates and the impulse response shows that the response of GDP to inflation and exchange  rates is positive while the response of GDP to a one period shock to the trade balance yields a marginal negative depreciation. The result  justifies that the place of Exchange rate, Inflation and Trade Balance to Nigeria economic growth cannot be overstated. The results of the  work suggest that to promote stable and sustainable economic growth, policy makers should lay more emphasis on encouraging stable  and reasonable exchange rate. Also, the work recommends that to promote economic growth and keep inflation low in Nigeria, Anti- inflationary policies should be accompanied to attract foreign investors and frustrate capital fleeing from the country.
The effectiveness of natural adsorbent for removal of dye using two isotherm models
Authors: Gin N.S. , Buteh D.S. , Manga P.J. , Daniel S. , Ranga Y.G. , Abdulmumini H. , SarkinNoma A. , Dangana B. , Alhassan A.B.
Published: October 2023

The low-cost and more efficient adsorbents of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) are charcoal, bark; leave and root were investigated for its optimistic de-colorization of wastewater containing a dye. The effect of various parameters such as contact time, pH, temperature and  adsorbent dosage has been carried out in this study. Two isotherm models were developed for compliance with Langmuir and Freundlich  isotherm. The results of the goodness fit test based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), R2 for Langmuir and Freundlich  models were given as, for pH (0.9745 – 0.99919), (0.4831 – 0.9999) for Adsorbent Dose is (0.9034 – 0.9221), (0.4689 – 0.9884) for contact  time (0.9494 – 0.9513), (0.4677 – 0.9990) and temperature (0.9264 – 0.9349), (0.3755 – 0.5849) respectively. Both models were found to be  best fit on decolorization of dye with contact time, pH, temperature and adsorbent dosage. pH 5 value indicated that adsorbent was  effective in the removal of dye.
Diversity of tree species in Kafanchan area of Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Olaniyi Akeem O. , Richard Mercy , Sule Bulus , Yashim George , Hosea Mande K.
Published: October 2023

This research assessed the diversity of trees in Kafanchan environs and investigated the perception of inhabitants to land use change and  use of trees in Kafanchan environs, Kaduna State. Primary data on the field was collected by employing the plot count techniques by  systematically and randomly selecting eleven plots within the study area, measuring a 100 by 100 meters plot (1.0 hectare) of each plot.  All the trees species on the selected plots were enumerated. A total of 28 species were identified with 1851 number of individual of trees.  Newbouldia laevis species had the highest number of stand (415) and a percentage composition of 22.4%. Family Aracaceae has the most  count of species in the area while other families had a two and single species within the family. Species diversity, evenness and  relative density were determined between plots for the identified trees. Shannon -Wiener diversity values (H) for the eleven plots were  recorded for trees, Plot 10 had the highest diversity of 4.54 and Plot 5 with the least diversity of 0.703, the study recorded 1.56 as the  highest diversity and 0.65 as the least diversity respectively.
Production and characterization of activated carbon derived from orange peel for the adsorption of methylene blue dye
Authors: Baba Esther , Wyasu Gideon , Adefila Ayoola Joseph , Dikko Nathan A. , Yakasa Jamila B.
Published: October 2023

Activated carbon was produced from orange peel using H2SO4 and ZnCl2 as activating agents at a temperature of 400 oC. The impregnation was done in 1:1 (wt/v). FTIR analysis of the precursor and activated carbon shows different functional groups present in the  precursor and activated carbon. The FTIR spectral also shows shifts in bands and changes in wave number between the precursor  and activated carbon indicating chemical transformation during activation and carbonization. SEM analysis was used to study the internal  structure and pores development of the activated carbon. The methylene blue adsorption capacity of the activated carbon was  determined using standard methods. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were employed in determining the adsorption  process and Pseudo first-order and Pseudo secondorder kinetics were employed in determining the rate of adsorption by the  adsorbents.
Physicochemical characterization of Copper Ore from Akiri, Awe LGA, Nasarawa State
Authors: Taofeek A. , Amos I.A.
Published: October 2023

The bulk density, compressional strength, hardness, particle study and chemical analysis of ore from Akiri were determined using standard methods and Energy Dispersive x-ray Fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRFS). The results obtained indicated that the ore bulk  density was 3.58 (g/cm3 ), compressional strength 1.24 (%), and hardness 96.0(N). The particle size analysis of +0-90µm, +125-90µm, and  +125-180µm, revealed over-size fractions above 250µm.The chemical composition of the ore in terms of oxide showed that the ore is  composed of different minerals: 63.52% Fe2O3, 11.25% SO3, 7.62% CuO, 4.30% MOO3, 3.18% SiO2, 1.73% BaO,1.20% ZnO,1.12%  MnO,0.86% PbO,0.60% Re2O7, 0.54% Eu2O3and CaO, 0.27% RuO2, 0.15% Cr2O3, 0.09% K2O, 0.08% Yb2 O3, 0.06% SrO, and TiO2, 0.04%  Nd2O3, and CeO2, 0.03% Y2O3 and NiO respectively. The results of the elemental composition varied in the copper ore with an indication  of a significant concentration of Cu compared to other elements, except Fe which showed a higher concentration. The value 35.% Fe,  6.10% Cu, 4.48% S, 3% Mo, 1.55% Ba, 1.48% Si, 1% Zn and Pb, 0.90% Mn, 0.5% Re, 0.45 Eu, 0.40% Ca, 0.21% Ru, 0.10% Cr, K, and Yb,0.04% Ti,  Ni, Y, and Sr, 0.03 % Nd, and Ce obtained represent the individual elemental content in the ore. The result is an indication that the ore can  be explored for the processing of valuable minerals.
Geophysical investigation of pavement failure along Jonathan by-pass - Akansoko and Atimbo - Parliamentary roads in Calabar Metropolis Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Bisong S.A. , Abong A.A. , Egor A.O.
Published: October 2023

This study examined pavement failure in some roads in Calabar Metropolis using electrical resistivity tomography method. Seven (7)  measurements were taken at the natural soil opposite the failed and stable segments of the road with the aid of Wenner electrode configuration at spacing of 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0 and 35.0m with spread length of 105m. The findings of this study revealed that  along Jonathan by- pass – Lafarge – Akansoko road, low resistivity values were 8.0Ωm – 73.0Ωm at Akansoko a stable segment; 6.0Ωm -  17.0Ωm at Ukwua Itiat and 30.0Ωm - 94.0Ωm at Idundu market a failed segment. Along Atimbo - Jonathan – Parliamentary road,  moderate/high electrical resistivity values in the range 331.0 Ωm – 1018.0 Ωm across the profile was obtained at Federal Government  Girls’ College by airport a control segment; 26.0 Ωm – 68.0 Ωm at opposite rice seedling site a failed segment and 49.0 Ωm – 74.0 Ωm at  Message point Assembly Church. These results showed that the remote cause of road failure in the area is clay/shale/weathered geologic  materials with low resistivity values. It was recommended that detailed geophysical investigation should always be conducted  on any proposed site for road construction and/or rehabilitation before embarking on the project.
Vitamin D: An effective therapy against methotrexateinduced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Metin Tuba Ozcan , Yalcin Alper
Published: October 2023

Purpose: To determine the potential cardioprotective effect of vitamin D (VD) against methotrexate (MTX) induced cardiotoxicity.Methods: A total of thirty-five (35) rats were randomly assigned to five equal groups. Control groupreceived no treatment; MTX group received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of MTX in a single dose of 20 mg/kg on day 8; VD group received 200 IU/kg VD daily dissolved in sunflower oil orally; sunflower oil (SO) group received 1 mL/kg/day SO orally; MTX + VD group received a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg, IP) on day 8 and VD (200 IU/kg, orally) for 21 days. Myocardial tissue samples were harvested and used for clinical chemistry, histopathological, and ultrastructural evaluation.Results: Histopathological damage in MTX group was more severe than in control group under both light and electron microscopy. Expression of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) and caspase-3 markers was significantly higher in MTX group (p < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activity in cardiac tissue was lower in MTX group, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased significantly (p < 0.05). In MTX + VD group, VD treatment alleviated histopathological damage and significantly lowered TRPM2 and caspase-3 expressions (p < 0.05). Vitamin D also reduced tissue MDA levels, and increased GSH-Px activity albeit non-significantly (p > 0.05),Conclusion: These findings suggest that VD exerts an ameliorative effect on MTX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Therefore, TRPM2 channel affords a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of diseases related to chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress.
Correlation between breast cancer and osteocalcin levels, and risk of hypertension in postmenopausal women: Implications for pharmacological intervention
Authors: Cai Qianqian , Xu Mingyue , Zheng Xueyan , Zhu Qiaoyun , Wu Xiaodan
Published: October 2023

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between breast cancer (BC), osteocalcin (OC) and hypertension risk in postmenopausal women.Methods: Two hundred patients with BC and 200 non–BC women who visited The First People's Hospital of Wenling Hospital, Wenling, China from June 2018 to March 2021 were included in the study. Fifty-three patients with hypertension and 157 non-hypertensive patients were included in the hypertension studies. The enrolled postmenopausal women were divided into control, BC, hypertensive and non–hypertensive groups and risk factors for hypertension were analyzed. Pearson's correlation coefficient was performed to correlate OC levels with clinical indices. The incidence of hypertension in each group was counted and its correlation with OC levels was determined using Chi–square test.Results: Age, BMI, OC, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, PTH and FPG levels were risk factors for the progression of hypertension in postmenopausal women (OR > 1, p < 0.05). Serum levels of OC in postmenopausal women had negative correlation with age, BMI, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, PTH, 25–(OH)D3 and FPG levels (r < 0, p < 0.05), but had positive correlation with HDL–C, CTX and PINP levels (r > 0, p < 0.05). With the elevation of OC levels, the incidence of hypertension showed a decreasing trend in postmenopausal women (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Menopause is a risk factor for BC in women, while low OC levels are significantly related to elevated risk of hypertension in postmenopausal women. These findings suggest that armacological intervention to increase OC levels may have potential benefits in mitigating the risk of hypertension in postmenopausal women.