bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding the right balance: Immediate safety versus long-term social change
Authors: Ehlers Louise , Tait Sean
Published: April 2016

South Africa has a reputation as one of the most violent societies in the world, despite the fact that overall levels of crime have consistently come down since 2001. In this and other developing countries, crime exacts a high cost in terms of health and security and has the potential to scupper the attempts of governments to fulfil their responsibilities in addressing poverty and inequality.This article argues that there is an urgent need to develop policies that balance the immediate need for safety and security with the long-term objective of achieving systemic social change. It describes an intervention undertaken by the Open Society Foundation for South Africa in collaboration with three provincial departments of Safety and Security that aims to explore ways in which a dual approach of keeping citizens safe in the context of current levels of crime, and simultaneously developing models for long term crime reduction, can be achieved.
Taking the test: Policing integrity and professionalism in the MPDs
Authors: Faull Andrew
Published: April 2016

A lack of creativity and political will is placing the country’s Metropolitan Police Departments (MPDs) at risk of losing legitimacy, as management and councils pay lip service to evidence of dwindling organisational integrity. The introduction of targeted and random integrity tests within the departments is urgently needed to turn the tide on abuses of power, and can be implemented easily enough.
Taking on Altbeker: A Country at War with Itself - The debate continues
Authors: Collins Anthony
Published: April 2016

Antony Altbeker's book A Country at War with Itself provides a strong basis for considering what is wrong with current approaches to dealing with violent crime. In this article psychologist Anthony Collins reviews the book and argues that developmental psychology might offer alternative insights and solutions that go beyond policing and punishment.
Calling for the punishment to fit the crime: Genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity in South Africa
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira
Published: April 2016

A person found guilty of genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity is liable to be sentenced to life imprisonment. However, in terms of the Criminal Law Amendment Act, a person guilty of murder or rape in certain circumstances has to be sentenced to life imprisonment unless there are substantial and compelling circumstances in which case the court has to impose a lesser sentence. This article argues, inter alia, that there is a need to amend South Africa's Implementation of the Rome Statute Act so that courts are obliged to impose life imprisonment on a person found guilty of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity unless there are strong reasons to impose a lesser sentence. This would show South Africa's commitment to punish severely those convicted of such international crimes.
Cops and robbers - a new approach: The Gauteng Aggravated Robbery Strategy
Authors: Newham Gareth
Published: April 2016

During 2006, substantial increases were recorded in residential and business robberies in Gauteng. Along with hijackings, these three subcategories of aggravated robbery were collectively referred to as the 'Trio Crimes'. After various policing operations failed to adequately reduce the Trio Crimes in Gauteng, the Gauteng Department of Community Safety undertook research into international best practice for combating residential and business robberies. The findings of this research formed the basis for the Gauteng Aggravated Robbery Strategy, which was subsequently developed and implemented in partnership with the Gauteng South African Police Service (SAPS). This initiative provides a case study of the role that provincial governments could play in supporting the police to reduce crime in South Africa.
Worrying trends: The official 2008/09 South African crime statistics
Authors: Burger Johan
Published: April 2016

The South African Police Service (SAPS) released the official crime statistics for 2008/2009 on 22 September 2009. As usual the statistics drew huge media and public interest. This article provides an overview of the key trends and offers an analysis of the statistics. Key trends include that the overall crime rate, after a five-year respite in which there was a downward trend, is on the increase; as are the so-called 'trio crimes'  (house robberies, business robberies and car hijackings) and truck hijackings. This article briefly considers the controversy around the validity of the police's crime statistics and notes a few lessons from Colombia.
On the record: Interview with Judge Deon van Zyl,Inspecting Judge, Judicial Inspectorate of Prisons
Authors: Gould Chandré
Published: April 2016

In October the Judicial Inspectorate of Prisons (JIOP) released its annual report for 2008/9. In this interview the Inspecting Judge, Deon Van Zyl, spoke to Chandré Gould about the report and about key problems identified by the JIOP.
Missing the target: When measuring performance undermines police effectiveness
Authors: Faull Andrew
Published: April 2016

Crime statistics can only offer a limited measure of police performance, if they can be a measure of performance at all. Many types of crime fluctuate completely independently of policing. To place pressure on the police to reduce crime statistics leads to perverse incentives, typically to not record crime (see the article by Bruce in this edition of SACQ). In South Africa, crime statistics are still seen as a measure of police performance rather than a measure of the challenge facing the police, and indeed society as a whole. Other police performance assessment measures currently in place also contribute to poor and abusive policing practices. This article explores these issues by drawing on research conducted in recent years, and through reference to the South African Police Service (SAPS) performance chart.
Interview with Jenni Irish-Qhobosheane
Authors: Newham Gareth
Published: April 2016

Since the 2009 national election, minister of police, Nathi Mthethwa, has been reorganising and strengthening the national secretariat of police. The existence of this body is constitutionally mandated. Gareth Newham spoke to the new national secretary of police, Jenni Irish-Qhobosheane, on 25 February 2010.
‘When I see them I feel like beating them’: Corruption and the South African Police Service
Authors: Faull Andrew
Published: April 2016

South African survey data on citizen attitudes towards police have, for the past ten years, indicated a lack of trust in law enforcers. Similarly, the SAPS has, since the early nineties, developed a public image as a widely corrupt organisation. In 2010 the SAPS reverted to military ranks and adopted a discourse of 'force' in an attempt to improve discipline, effectiveness and image. This paper presents a summary of findings from 15 focus groups conducted in mid-2010 that sought to explore public experiences and perceptions of police and police corruption.
Resurgence of tribal levies: Double taxation for the rural poor
Authors: Claassens Aninka
Published: April 2016

People in the former homelands waged a successful battle against the imposition of 'tribal levies' during the anti-apartheid struggle. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of traditional authorities demanding annual levies. Those who refuse to pay cannot access government grants and identity books. This article argues that recent laws bolstering the powers of traditional leaders have contributed to this resurgence. It argues that the laws undermine the citizenship rights of the poorest South Africans as well as their ability to hold traditional leaders to account. It suggests that the laws have been ambiguously worded in an attempt to disguise the fact that they are inconsistent with the Constitution. It rebuts the argument that annual tribal levies are consistent with and justified by customary law, by describing their colonial and apartheid genesis.
South Africa - a home for all? The need for hate crime legislation
Authors: Breen Duncan , Nel Juan A A
Published: April 2016

The South African government is currently developing legislation on hate crimes. This follows repeated calls by civil society for an appropriate response to the apparent scourge of hate and bias-motivated crimes that tarnish the image of South Africa as a ‘rainbow nation’. This article is aimed at informing related policy debates and provides discussion of violence targeted at foreign nationals and at those who are (or perceived to be) sexual minorities and/or gender non-conforming. This will give an indication of the trends and challenges that the proposed legislation and policy frameworks will need to address.
On the record: Sindiswa Chikunga, Chairperson of the Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Police
Authors: Gould Chandré
Published: April 2016

Chandré Gould interviews Sindisiwe (better known as Sindi) Chikunga, Chair of the Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Police, about the work of the Committee, and what she thinks is needed to fix the problems in the South African Police Service (SAPS).
NEW BLOOD: Implications of en masse recruitment for the South African Police Service
Authors: Bruce David
Published: April 2016

This article is concerned with the process of en masse recruitment implemented within the South African Police Service since 2002. As a result of this process the personnel strength of the SAPS has increased dramatically from 120 549 in 2002 to 199 345 in 2012, an increase of over 65%. A large proportion of SAPS personnel are now people who have joined since 1994 and particularly since 2002. En masse recruitment has in part addressed the legacy of apartheid by promoting racial and gender representativeness in the SAPS. In so doing it has facilitated entry into the civil service by a significant number of black, and particularly African,South Africans, thus contributing to ‘class formation’. At the same time the process does not ensure political non-partisanship on the part of the SAPS. It also has not necessarily contributed to ‘better policing’ in South Africa. While it may have increased the potential that the SAPS will enjoy legitimacy, this cannot be achieved by recruitment alone.
FIGHTING FOR RESPECT: Violence, masculinity and legitimacy in the SAPS
Authors: Faull Andrew
Published: April 2016

This paper presents preliminary reflections on station-level discourse and practice in relation to violence and authority in two police precincts. The data were gathered during the six months following the Marikana massacre. The response of police who were not present at the mine shooting was to instinctively defend criticism of their colleagues who were involved. The article presents information to suggest that many SAPS members believe the use of violent force in the performance of their duties is necessary to gain the respect of the communities they serve. The article considers this in relation to constructions of masculinity.
CHILD JUSTICE IN PRACTICE: The diversion of young offenders
Authors: Hargovan Hema
Published: April 2016

South Africa’s democratic transition ushered in a new era in child justice reform efforts. The Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 is arguably one of the best pieces of child justice legislation in the world. A central objective of the Act is to encourage the diversion of young offenders away from formal court procedures, giving children the opportunity to express their views on the circumstances of their offending behaviour. An intriguing issue remains the introspection of children themselves on their behaviour and how they are being dealt with by the justice system. This article reports on a preliminary analysis of feedback from children who were diverted to a particular diversion programme, to determine key reasons for youth offending behaviour and to understand their engagement with the diversion process and the diversion programme itself. The many intersecting risk factors at the individual, relationship, community and societal levels that are likely to impact on a child’s likelihood of engaging in anti-social or criminal behaviour, are also highlighted.
CASE NOTE: Illegal sales of alcohol and asset forfeiture
Authors: Ngidi Karabo
Published: April 2016

The Constitutional Court recently confirmed an order for the forfeiture of a house from which an unlawful shebeen had been run for years (Van der Burg and Another v National Director of Public Prosecutions).In deciding whether to confirm the order of the full bench of  the High Court, Justice van der Westhuizen, writing for a unanimous court, addressed the following questions: whether the house was an instrumentality of an offence; whether the illegal sale of alcohol is an organised crime; the proportionality of the crime to the forfeiture under the Prevention of Organised Crime Act 121 of 1998 (the POCA); as well as the impact of the forfeiture on the rights of the children that lived in the house. This judgment comes at a time where issues such as the proposal for the reduction of the legal limit of alcohol for drivers to 0%2 are topical, and seems to point to a tougher stance towards the sale and consumption of alcohol in South Africa. The judgment may therefore be seen as a warning that the illegal sale of alcohol and running of a shebeen will no longer be seen as business as usual in cases where the seller does not heed the call to desist such business.
ON THE RECORD: Savera Kalideen, senior Advocacy Manager for Soul City
Authors: Gould Chandré , Kalideen Savera
Published: April 2016

Chandré Gould speaks to Savera Kalideen, senior Advocacy Manager for Soul City, about the Phuza Wize campaign and the challenges of developing and implementing holistic violence prevention campaigns.
WAITING FOR FARLAM: Marikana, social inequality and the relative autonomy of the police
Authors: Dixon Bill
Published: April 2016

Although the Farlam Commission of Inquiry is yet to report, it has been widely assumed in the blogosphere, across large sections of the traditional media, and in some preliminary academic analyses too, that the shootings at Marikana on 16 August 2012 are symptomatic of a police force in thrall to a political elite intimately connected to international capital and increasingly corporatised and unrepresentative trade unions. Against this background, this article looks to the notion of ‘relative autonomy’, considered in a classic discussion of ‘the concept of policing in critical theories of criminal justice’ by Otwin Marenin, to suggest that critics of the SAPS should not be surprised if, in moments of crisis, the police act as the agents of ‘specific domination’ rather than as guarantors of a ‘general order’. It will go on to argue that, even if their worst fears are confirmed by Farlam, their conclusion about the nature of the relationship between the SAPS and a political elite may be too sweeping. Using insights from recent studies of everyday policing, it will suggest that the way in which the police respond to strikes, service delivery protests and other politically charged incidents may tell us surprisingly little about what officers actually do, and why they do it, in the course of their everyday interactions with individual citizens and interest groups less politically well-connected than the main protagonists at Marikana. In conclusion it is argued that, in the absence of significant social change to remedy the structural inequalities bequeathed by apartheid, the SAPS has not been able to transcend its colonial inheritance, leaving the business of police reform begun over 20 years ago unfinished.
AUTOBIOGRAPHIES OF A SPECIAL KIND: Recent writings by and on the police in South Africa
Authors: Van der Spuy Elrena
Published: April 2016

The occupational culture of police organisations has long fascinated policing scholars. In the Anglo- American world ethnographic enquiries have contributed much to our understanding of police perceptions, beliefs and actions. This article takes a closer look at efforts to describe and analyse police culture in South Africa. Three genres of writings are considered. Structural accounts of police culture and ethnographic accounts of the police are briefly discussed before turning to a more detailed consideration of a third and emerging genre: police autobiographies. Two recent autobiographies written by former policemen are explored in some detail with the view to considering the contribution of the autobiography to our understanding of the complex occupational dynamics of police and policing in South Africa.
BOOK REVIEW: Victimology in South Africa
Authors: Hargovan Hema
Published: April 2016

No abstract
Twenty years of punishment (and democracy) in South Africa: The pitfalls of governing crime through the community
Authors: Super Gail
Published: April 2016

This article examines how the ideology of ‘community’ is deployed to govern crime in South Africa, both by marginalised black communities and by the government. Although the turn to ‘community’ started under the National Party government in the late 1970s, there is no doubt that as a site, technology, discourse, ideology and form of governance, ‘community’ has become entrenched in the post-1994 era. Utilising empirical data drawn from ethnographic research on vigilantism in Khayelitsha, as well as archival materials in respect of ANC policies and practices before it became the governing party, I argue that rallying ‘communities’ around crime combatting has the potential to unleash violent technologies in the quest for ‘ethics’ and ‘morality’. When community members unite against an outsider they are bonded for an intense moment in a way that masks the very real problems that tear the community apart. Because violent punishment is one of the  consequences of the state’s turn towards democratic localism, we should question the way in which the ‘community’ is deployed as a tool of crime prevention, and subject it to rigorous scrutiny.
Protecting child offenders’ rights: Testing the constitutionality of the National Register for sex offenders
Authors: Hansungule Zita
Published: April 2016

The Constitutional Court recently declared the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 2007 (Act 32 of 2007) unconstitutional in its requirement that the names of child offenders be automatically included on the National Register for Sex Offenders when convicted of a sexual offence against a child or a person with disability. The Court held that automatic inclusion on the Register violated a child’s right in terms of section 28(2) to have their best interests taken into account as the paramount consideration in every matter affecting the child. The Court held that the individual circumstances of children should be taken into account and that they should be given the opportunity to be heard by the sentencing court regarding the placement of their details on the Register. The Court decided that sentencing courts should be given the discretion to decide whether to place a child on the Register or not.
A story of trials and tribulations: The National Prosecuting Authority, 1998 – 2014
Authors: Schönteich Martin
Published: April 2016

Established in 1998, the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) immediately had to deal with escalating levels of serious crime. Through a variety of innovations, including prosecution-driven investigations popularised by the ‘Scorpions’, specialised career paths for prosecutors, a focus on performance measurement, and improved conditions of service, the NPA quickly became an employer of choice for a new generation of law graduates. Over the last 16 years, the NPA’s specialised units have performed well. However, the NPA’s performance at the level of the lower courts – where the vast majority of prosecutions occur – has been mixed. With the appointment of its sixth head or acting head in late 2013, the NPA has been burdened with inconsistent – and at times, poor and unsuitable – leadership. Relatedly, political interference and the politicisation of the NPA have seriously undermined a once promising institution, negatively affecting staff morale and performance and sapping public confidence in the NPA. The future of the NPA as an institution that exercises its functions without fear, favour or prejudice, as mandated by the Constitution, hangs in the balance.
Economic View and Strategic Management View toward Understanding Outsourcing in Amateur Sport
Authors: Lee Seungbum
Published: April 2016

Outsourcing as a strategic business decision has been a prevalent business practice in sport industry, and as a result has been receiving increasing academic attention by scholars in sport management. In many cases, the academic attention has been focused on multi-billion dollar hyper-commercialized sport industry, like professional and intercollegiate sport in the U.S. However, outsourcing has infiltrated the world of amateur sport, for instance youth sports programs (YSP), too. In spite of a growing use of outsourcing as a viable business strategy within a community based sport setting, efforts to understand outsourcing in amateur sport has so far gone unheeded in academia. Accordingly, this study examined outsourcing YSP by city- owned recreation centers (CORC). The motivation of outsourcing and the risk of outsourcing were analyzed using a multiple case study approach. The results of this study argue that combination of both economic and strategic management views are effective ways to understand outsourcing strategies in an amateur sport setting. The findings of this study provide both theoretical and practical implications. Furthermore, to contribute to the body of literature, the findings of this study are compared with previous sport management outsourcing literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of outsourcing.
Social Geographies at Play: Mapping the Spatial Politics of Community-Based Youth Sport Participation
Authors: Kim Amy Chan Hyung , Coutts Christopher , Newman Joshua , Brandon-Lai Simon , Kim Minjung
Published: April 2016

Organized youth sports programs (YSP) provide opportunities for participation in physical activity, and represent an important part of the broader public health agenda in the U.S. YSP not only provide physiological health benefits through active participation, but also promote social relationships within communities. In this study, we (1) investigated participants’ travel to access YSP located in neighborhoods historically delineated by an over/under-representation of socio-economic and/or racial diversity; and (2) examined the neighborhood demographics for those YSP participants who traveled the most/least to participate. Five years of demographic and GIS visualization data from participants in a publically-provisioned youth sport league network were analyzed. Significant differences were found between the travel distances of participants in different sports, and between the travel distances of participants from neighborhoods with different racial and/or socio-economic composition. This research expands understanding of the potential segregation effects of community-based YSP for various stakeholder groups.
Editorial Board and Staff
Authors: Bass Jordan
Published: April 2016

Editorial Board and Staff for Special Issue: Political Economy of Amateur Sport
ANTROPOLOGIA EM OUTRAS LINGUAGENS: Considerações para uma etnografia hipertextual
Authors: Carvalho da Rocha Ana Luiza , Eckert Cornelia
Published: April 2016

Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a pesquisa antropológica com coleções etnográficas no formato de acervos digitais multimídia e produção de etnografia hipertextual para o estudo das dinâmicas da cultura no mundo urbano contemporâneo que o Banco de Imagens e Efeitos Visuais (Biev) do Programa de Pós-graduação em Antropologia Social da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) vem realizando há dezoito anos. A partir de experiências com as políticas de acesso e de preservação de acervos digitais nas redes eletrônicas, abordam-se conceitos-chave – como imagem, imaginário, coleções e constelações –, centrais para o aproveitamento da cultura digital e de suas formas de distribuição do conhecimento como parte do processo de produção da representação etnográfica em sociedades complexas.
HIZMET, RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE, AND SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION
Authors: Webb Mark Owen
Published: April 2016

O movimento Gülen Hizmet é um movimento internacional de voluntários, que organiza capital financeiro e esforço humano a serviço da comunidade mais ampla. No início, esse movimento foi constituído inteiramente por muçulmanos turcos e, ainda hoje, a maioria dos que nele participam são motivados pela fé religiosa. Um dos valores sustentados pelo movimento é o valor da educação, especialmente nas ciências. Mas as exigências do conhecimento na ciência e na religião são frequentemente conflitivas entre si. Este artigo descreve o problema que se coloca em particular para o movimento Hizmet em termos da epistemologia da prática doxística, e delineia várias maneiras pelas quais se pode lidar com seus potenciais conflitos. Ele conclui com uma sugestão de um método particular de resolução que respeita as exigências de conhecimento tanto da religião como da ciência, conquanto requeira algum sacrifício.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO TELESAÚDE NO CUIDADO COM A POPULAÇÃO
Authors: Caliari Juliano Souza
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Buscar evidências do telesaúde para o cuidado com a população. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão em bases de dados de saúde, utilizando-se os descritores “Tele Enfermagem”, “Tele Cuidado”, “Tele Consulta” e “Tele Medicina”. Resultados: Dos 33 artigos, 40% estão em periódicos específicos da enfermagem e 94% descrevem a eficácia do tele medicina no atendimento a população; 94% foram publicados nos anos de 2011-2014, dez estudos descrevem os benefícios do programa e 21 tratam da sua aplicação no cuidado com o cliente. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam a necessidade de pesquisas de maior nível de evidência e de publicações em periódicos que facilitem a visualização on line dos estudos, além de melhor adequação dos resumos, os quais trazem falhas de apresentação de dados das pesquisas.
Estudo e análise de softwares educacionais como ferramenta de ensino-aprendizagem para o ensino médio no Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais
Authors: Toledo Bruno
Published: April 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo a realização de um estudo e análise nautilização dos softwares educacionais para auxiliar no ensino-aprendizagemno ensino médio do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, no câmpus São JoãoEvangelista. Como metodologia aplicada foram utilizadas trinta softwares,para dez disciplinas. Em seguida, aplicado um questionário para os alunos,com perguntas fechadas para avaliação quantitativa, visando à obtenção deresultados uniformes através da análise fatorial estatística. Com o resultadopossibilita afirmar que este uso traz avanços pedagógicos para os alunos,proporcionando um estímulo ao desenvolvimento, de forma que consolide umaaprendizagem sólida, significativa e mais colaborativa.
Editorial
Authors: Silva Vinícius Alves
Published: April 2016

Editorial V1. n° 2
Reconstruction of Extensive Bucco‐Palatal Defects Using Twin Block Grafts: A Clinical Report of the Sandwich Technique in Two Cases
Authors: Kulkarni Sudhindra S. , Thakur Srinath L. , Kamath Sujatha S.
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Three‐dimensional alveolar ridge defects in the anterior maxilla necessitate bone augmentation before implant placement. Bone volume, contour, and the overlying soft tissue form have to be optimized for an ideal outcome. A large three‐dimensional defect needs osteogenic bone to predictably reconstruct the defect. Autogenous bone in the form of block and particulate is the graft of choice in such situations.

Case Series: Two cases are presented here with severe three‐dimensional alveolar ridge deficiency in the maxillary right lateral incisor and maxillary canine areas, respectively. Both cases had a three‐dimensional bone and contour deficiency. Restorative‐driven positioning of the implant necessitated augmentation of the buccal and palatal aspects of the defects. The defects were grafted with autogenous corticocancellous bone blocks harvested from the mandibular symphysis. In both sites, one block was placed on the buccal side and the other on the palatal side, “sandwiching” the host bone and the remainder of the gap filled with particulate autogenous bone. Implants were placed in both cases 5 months after the grafting, and the final restorations were placed 5 months subsequently. The implants and the grafts successfully integrated at the sites with stable bone and soft tissue levels. At the 3‐year follow‐up, both implants showed stable bone and soft tissue levels.

Conclusion: Autogenous corticocancellous block grafts used in a sandwich technique reconstructed the lost bone volume, but also facilitated implant placement and optimal restorative outcomes.
Study on organizational commitment and workplace empowerment as predictors of organization citizenship behaviour
Authors: Chib Shiney
Published: April 2016

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) can be defined as, anything positive and constructive that employees do voluntarily, which supports co-workers and benefits the company. These employees are always ready to ‘go the extra mile’ or ‘go above and beyond’ the minimum efforts required to do a merely satisfactory job. Human capital plays a key role in achieving organization objectives with the highest effectiveness. Employee empowerment is a strategy and philosophy and helps employees own their work and take responsibility for their results. Organizational commitment is individual’s psychological involvement and attachment to the organization and is very important for organizational success. It predicts work variables such as turnover, organizational citizenship behavior and job performance. This paper is an effort to analyze work place empowerment and organizational commitment as a predictor of organizational citizenship behavior.
The Impact of Acculturation on Informal and Formal Volunteering of Korean Americans in the United States
Authors: Jang Hee Soun , Wang Lili , Yoshioka Carlton F.
Published: April 2016

This study examines the impact of acculturation on Korean Americans’ decisions to volunteer either for secular and religious organizations or informally. The results show that language difficulty and Korean identity lower the likelihood of secular volunteering, but not of informal volunteering. Koreans who are Protestants or Catholics, and those with higher levels of education, are more likely to volunteer formally, but not informally. The findings indicate formal volunteering is strongly associated with acculturation factors, along with personal and social variables but informal volunteering appears to be independent from and not complementary of the other two types of volunteering.
Veteran Family Reintegration: Strategic Insights to Inform Stakeholders’ Efforts
Authors: Lazier Raun L. , Gawne Amy Warnick , Williamson Nathan S.
Published: April 2016

In 2015, the Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Policy and Planning convened the first of its kind forum to inform stakeholders about national policy needs to advance the outcomes for veterans and their families as they reintegrate back to civilian life after military service. This article reports of the proceedings of the forum, which brought together more than 30 participants from across the federal government, private sector, nongovernmental organizations, and academic institutions. During the forum, participants discussed the need for a conceptual framework and standard lexicon to support veteran family reintegration policy and strategy. Forum participants highlighted the importance of a collaborative relationship between researchers and policy makers, and identified research gaps and emerging topics that will help inform national reintegration outcomes.
Local Governance and Inter-Municipal Cooperation by Filipe Teles
Authors: Kwon Sung-Wook
Published: April 2016

Teles, F. (2016). Local governance and inter-municipal cooperation. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.  $67.50 (hard cover), ISBN: 987-1-137-44573-5.
Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in the Combined Relationship Between Academic Motivation and Academic Achievement with Emotional Intelligence in Secondary School Students
Authors: Chakraborty Rajib , Sultana Rafiya
Published: April 2016

The present study is an attempt to examine the role of prefrontal cortex in the relationship between academic motivation and academic achievement in combination, with emotional intelligence in secondary school students. Sample for the study includes 49 students (25 girls and 24 boys) from VIIIth and IXth classes of a secondary school in Sriram Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The data for measuring Emotional intelligence is collected by using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Adolescent Short Form (TEIQue-ASF), prepared by Petrides, K. V. & Furnham, A. (2006) for adolescents. The data for measuring academic motivation is collected using Academic Motivation Scale, High School Version (AMS-HS 28) for high school students prepared by Vallerand and et.al (1992). Academic achievement of the students is measured by collecting the students’ grade point average in a summative assessment. For data analysis, Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation coefficient and Multiple Regression are used. The significance of the test is calculated using critical value table for Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation and F-test for the level of significance α at 0.01. The findings of the study reveal that the linear combination of variables academic motivation and academic achievement positively and moderately predict the variable emotional intelligence in secondary school students.
USO DE DINÂMICA DE SISTEMAS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE CENÁRIOS DE REAPROVEITAMENTO DE ÓLEO DE COZINHA NA PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL EM UMA IES PÚBLICA
Authors: Rizzetti Tiago Antônio , Rizzetti Tiago Antônio , Rodrigues Glauco Oliveira , Rodrigues Glauco Oliveira , Simonetto Eugênio de Oliveira , Gil Rodrigo Castro
Published: April 2016

O artigo apresenta a modelagem e desenvolvimento de um modelo de simulação para avaliar a produção de biodiesel a partir do reaproveitamento do óleo de cozinha utilizado nos restaurantes Universitários (RUs) de uma IES pública. Para a construção do modelo (definição de variáveis e suas inter-relações) utilizou-se por base teórica as pesquisas bibliográficas e observações do processo da geração dos resíduos pós-uso do óleo de cozinha. Dentre os aspectos analisados está a redução do impacto ambiental, em função da redução do descarte inadequado do óleo de cozinha, e da redução na geração de CO2 ocasionada pelo uso do biodiesel.  Para avaliar as possibilidades de geração e reaproveitamento do óleo do RU na produção do biodiesel, gerou-se dois cenários: um cenário baseado na situação atual de geração do resíduo e, outro, denominado cenário futuro com melhores práticas de reaproveitamento e reciclagem desse. Os resultados obtidos através da simulação demonstram que além da grande redução do impacto ambiental, o processo de reciclagem traz um significativo ganho econômico em função da redução de custos com a aquisição de combustível. O horizonte de tempo simulado foi de 10 (dez) anos e foi utilizado o software Vensim para o desenvolvimento da simulação.
Aspectos ambientais do setor da construção civil: uma contribuição para a adoção de sistema de gestão ambiental pelas pequenas e médias empresas de prestação de serviços
Authors: Vechi Nivea Regina Gallo , Gallardo Amarilis Lucia Casteli Figueiredo , Teixeira Cláudia Echevenguá
Published: April 2016

As pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) desempenham importante função na cadeia da construção civil. Essas empresas, contratadas pelas de maior porte, prestam uma gama diversificada de serviços na execução de obras de infraestrutura. A indústria da construção civil é reconhecida pelo potencial em deflagrar significativos impactos ambientais pelas atividades de apoio, de responsabilidade das PMEs, e pelas principais, que também podem ser realizadas por PMEs. Os sistemas de gestão ambiental (SGA), que têm finalidade de gerenciar aspectos ambientais das atividades, ainda são de baixa adesão por parte das empresas de menor porte. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar os aspectos ambientais vinculados ao fornecimento de serviços executados por PMEs prestadoras de serviços à construção civil no país. Essa pesquisa aplicada exploratória subsidia-se por dados primários e estudo documental, em abordagem qualitativa. Para conhecimento e identificação dos aspectos ambientais associados às atividades de construção civil, selecionaram-se dois empreendimentos de infraestrutura, viário e portuário, bem como seus prestadores de serviços. De modo a contribuir para romper esse estigma de reserva ao uso do SGA por parte das pequenas e médias empresas, propõe-se um roteiro básico para identificação dos aspectos ambientais, a etapa técnica e uma das mais complexas da implantação do SGA.Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the construction chain. These companies hired by larger, providing a diverse range of services in execution of infrastructure works. The construction industry is recognized by potential trigger significant environmental impacts by supporting, responsibility SME activities , and the main , which can also be made by SMEs. The environmental management systems (EMS ), which are intended to manage environmental aspects of activities, are still low compliance by the smaller companies . This research aims to identify the environmental aspects linked to the supply of services performed by SMEs providing services for civil construction in the country . This research applied exploratory subsidizes up by primary data and documentary study, in a qualitative approach. For knowledge and identification of environmental aspects associated with construction activities, they selected two infrastructure projects, road and port, as well as their service providers. In order to help break this stigma reserve of the use of EMS for small and medium enterprises, proposes a basic guide for the identification of environmental aspects, the technical and one of the most complex stage implementation of the EMS.
Atributos de significado para as consumidoras como estratégia organizacional de uma marca de moda
Authors: SCHARF EDSON ROBERTO , Padilha Carolina Klein , Sanches Danila Cristiane Marques
Published: April 2016

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar os atributos percebidos pelas consumidoras de uma marca de calçados e acessórios femininos, como parte da estratégia organizacional de construção da sua identidade social à luz dos esforços de comunicação. Para a marca estudada, Arezzo, foi realizada pesquisa quantitativa descritiva transversal, com questionário elaborado a partir dos estudos de Aaker (1997) e de Strehlau et al. (2013). Os resultados indicam que os atributos dos objetos da marca estudada evocam os seus diversos significados e a consumidora toma para si estes significados. Neste sentido, a identidade da consumidora passa a ser confundida com a identidade do bem.
Using Picture Series to Inspire Reading Comprehension for the Second Semester Students of English Department of IAIN Tulungagung
Authors: Nurhayati Dwi Astuti Wahyu
Published: April 2016

The problem highlighted in this research is the low reading comprehension of the second semester students of English Department in State College of Islamic Studies Tulungagung that is caused by (a) the uninteresting activities in reading class; (b) the students' difficulties in understanding and retelling the ideas of the text; (c) the students' low motivation in reading habit. The theoretical review includes the nature of reading, picture series, inspiring reading, and the nature of motivation. The procedure of the research consists of identifying the problem, planning the action, implementing the action, observing the action, and reflecting the result of the research. In this research, the researcher acts as the lecturer who conducts the action research in the classroom and she is helped by her collegues. In collecting the data, the researcher uses observational technique supported with tests. In analysing the data, it was used t-test non independent, the researcher uses the observation, questionaire, interview, students ‘work supported with the video recording and photograph,then also compares the result of the students' pre-test and post-test to answer the research questions. There is significant improvement in the result of pre-test and post-test of cycle 1 and 2. In cycle 1, t0 (6.89766) is higher than tt (1.73) and in cycle 2, t0 (10.8622) is also higher than tt (1.73). From these two results, therefore, h0 is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (ha) is accepted. By retelling the ideas and summarizing the text using interesting media especially picture series can increase the students' motivation in reading class especially to improve their reading comprehension.
Investigation and Interpretation of a Novel Surfactant-Polymer Approach to Increase Extra-Heavy Oil Recovery: Application to a Thin-Bedded Reservoir, Faja Petrolifera Del Orinoco, Venezuela.
Authors: Rodriguez F. , Rousseau D. , Bekri S. , Hocine S. , Degre G. , Djabourov M. , Bejarano C. A.
Published: April 2016

Primary cold production for the extra-heavy oils (4–10°API) of La Faja Petrolifera del Orinoco (FPO), Venezuela, is currently a low percentage (<5%) of the OOIP. Chemical EOR (CEOR) studies are being accomplished in order to increase oil recovery in those thin-bedded reservoirs which host up to 35% of the OOIP, where thermal EOR methods are not convenient because of heat losses and environmental issues. Specifically, Surfactant-Polymer (SP) flooding is now considered as a feasible approach to achieve both mobility control and mobilization of residual oil in the FPO's target zones for CEOR.

The objectives of this experimental study were to identify some mechanisms in play when surfactant and polymer solutions are injected in cores to displace extra-heavy oil and to assess for the potential of SP flooding for one of the FPO's reservoirs. The tests reported were performed with a dead crude oil of 9°API and 4500 cP, and injection water salinity of 6.4 g/L with low hardness and at a temperature of 50°C. The SP formulation consisted of a standard high molecular weight HPAM at rather high concentration to achieve high viscosity and an alkaline-free surfactant formulation providing both low interfacial tension (IFT) and good compatibility with polymer even at high polymer concentration. When possible, oil saturation profiles were determined by CT-scan at the main steps of the experiments.

Conditions and methodologies to determine the relevant experimental parameters for high viscosity oil have firstly been developed. Then, a set of surfactant and polymer injection tests have been performed on Bentheimer outcrop cores. These tests demonstrated that injection of the SP formulation after a secondary polymer flood was able to achieve a significant reduction of the residual oil (ASo = 80% ROIP). Results of secondary injections of water (final oil saturation, Sofinal = 63%), surfactant solution (Sofinal = 39%) and SP formulation (Sofinal = 5%) have also shown that mobility control is of tremendous importance to achieve high recovery, even at the core-scale. The potential of the SP formulation has also been validated on unconsolidated reservoir rock material from the FPO (Sofinal = 8%). Relative permeabilities have also been determined to investigate the feasibility of an effective modeling of the impact of the surfactant on oil recovery without making any assumption of the local mechanisms in play. Future work will involve 3D reservoir simulation with physico-chemical parameters generated at the lab.
Liquid-liquid Equilibrium in Systems Containing Olive Oil, Free Fatty Acids, Ethanol and Water
Authors: Lima Daniel F. B. , F. dos Santos Luís , B. Pereira Daniel , K. Lenzi Marcelo , L. Corazza Marcos , A. P. Voll Fernando
Published: April 2016

This paper reports experimental data and the thermodynamic modeling of the liquid-liquid equilibrium systems with triacylglycerols, free fatty acids (obtained from olive oil), ethanol and water. The experimental data were fitted using the UNIQUAC model, in which absolute deviation of 1.28 % and root mean square deviation of 2.10 % between experimental and calculated mass fraction of the components in each phase were obtained. The results from this study can be complementary to investigations of more complex liquid-liquid equilibrium of systems containing diacylglycerols and monoacylglcerols of olive oil in hydroalcoholic solutions, once such systems will mostly also contain triacylglycerols and free fatty acids on its composition. Diacylglycerols are obtained from different reaction processes and can be purified by liquid-liquid extraction at mild conditions of temperature and pressure, what justifies the experimental and theoretical approach made in this work.
Solubility of Acetophenone in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Dwi Maria Y. , Julian Jessica , N. Putro Jindrayani , T. Nugraha Adi , Ju Yi-Hsu , Indraswati Nani , Ismadji Suryadi
Published: April 2016

The solubility data of acetophenone in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) were measured using a static method at several temperatures (313.15, 323.15, 333.15, and 343.15K) and pressures ranging from10 MPa to 28 MPa. The density based models (Chrastil and Del valle– Aguilera models) and the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) with quadratic and Stryjek-Vera combining rules were employed to correlate the experimental data. Good correlations between the calculated and experimental solubility data were obtained. The sum of squared errors (SSE) are 0.38 % and 0.37 % for Chrastil and Del Valle – Aguilera models, respectively; and 9.07 % for Peng-Robinson equation of state with quadratic combining rule and 4.00 % for Peng-Robinson equation of state with Stryjek-Vera combining rule.
A Review of HIV and Surgery in Africa
Authors: Bowa K. , Kawimbe B. , Mugala D. , Musowoya D. , Makupe A. , Njobvu M. , Simutowe C.
Published: April 2016

HIV has a significant impact on surgery in Africa. Its’ influence has spanned a period of about 30 years. In the 1980s' Africa experienced a rise in the national prevalence of HIV spreading across East Africa through Southern Africa, and reaching peak prevalence in the Southern African region. These prevalence levels have affected four key areas of surgical practice; namely patient care, practice of surgery, surgical pathologies, the practitioner and more recently prevention.

The surgical patient is more likely to be HIV positive in Africa, than elsewhere in the world. The patients are also more likely to have co infection with Hepatitis C or B and are unlikely to be aware of his or her HIV status. Surgical patients are also more likely to have impaired liver and renal function at the time of presentation. Therefore, HIV has affected the pattern of surgical pathologies, by influencing disease presentation, diagnosis, management and outcomes. It has also influenced the surgeon by increasing occupational risk and management of that risk. Recently in an ironic change of roles, surgery has impacted HIV prevention through the role of male circumcision as a significant tool in HIV prevention, which has traditionally focused on behavioural interventions.

The story of surgery and HIV continues to unfold on the continent. Ultimately presenting a challenge which requires innovation, dedication and hard work in the already resource limited environments of Africa.