bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consequential lightning-caused wildfires and the “let burn” narrative
Authors: Pietruszka Bradley M. , Young Jesse D. , Short Karen C. , St. Denis Lise A. , Thompson Matthew P. , Calkin David E.
Published: August 2023

Background

Current guidance for implementation of United States federal wildland fire policy charges agencies with restoring and maintaining fire-adapted ecosystems while limiting the extent of wildfires that threaten life and property, weighed against the risks posed to firefighters. These ostensibly conflicting goals can make it difficult to clearly communicate specific response objectives of a given incident. Inherent ambiguity can expose land management agencies, like the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS), to scrutiny when once remote, lightning-ignited wildfires burn across boundaries and result in damage. One such incident was the 2021 Tamarack Fire, ignited by lightning in a remote USFS wilderness area and ultimately burning 27,776 ha across multiple jurisdictions and destroying 25 structures. Intense sociopolitical interest developed around this incident, reigniting a “let burn” policy debate of the USFS despite this policy not formally existing. We provide a first approximation at quantifying the base rates of potentially consequently lightning-caused fires like the Tamarack Fire. We use multiple sources of fire-reporting data to characterize USFS fires from 2009 to 2020 by management-strategy to identify Tamarack Fire analogs. Within Incident Command System 209 (ICS-209) reports for fires originating on USFS lands, we identified 32 wildfires with similar key characteristics to the Tamarack Fire; nearly half ignited within wilderness areas.

Results

Initial strategies were driven by resource objectives for only six of the 32 wildfires; firefighter hazard mitigation was the primary driver of all others. No fire exhibited every characteristic of the Tamarack Fire. Analog fires accounted for a small percent (3.4%) of large (> 121 ha) USFS lightning-caused ignitions. These fires were responsible for 61.6% of structures destroyed and 25.8% of total personnel commitments of large lightning-caused USFS fires.

Conclusions

Lightning-ignited wildfires that could have resulted in sociopolitical controversy are rare, and those with strategies driven by resource objective are even rarer. More commonly, risks posed to firefighters from terrain, snags, or accessibility are factors driving strategy, even when fires ignite within wilderness areas. These results suggest that simple definitions of strategy such as those reported within the ICS-209 lack clarity and may increase sociopolitical pressure on the agency to continue aggressive fire exclusion strategies.
Genetic and metabolic aspects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenicity
Authors: Samarasinghe Saumya Madushani , Hewage Asanka Sudeshini , Siriwardana Rohan Chaminda , Tennekoon Kamani Hemamala , Niriella Madunil Anuk , De Silva Sumadee
Published: August 2023

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease showing a rising prevalence globally. Genetic predisposition plays a key role in the development and progression of the disease pathogenicity.

Main body

This paper summarizes genetic associations based on their influence on several metabolic aspects such as lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, hepatic iron accumulation and cholesterol metabolism toward the NAFLD pathogenicity. Furthermore, we present variations in some epigenetic characters and the microRNA profile with regard to NAFLD.

Conclusion

As reported in many studies, the PNPLA3 rs738409 variant seems to be significantly associated with NAFLD susceptibility. Other gene variants like TM6SF2 rs58542926, MBOAT7 rs641738 and GCKR variants also appear to be more prevalent among NAFLD patients. We believe these genetic variants may provide insights into new trends in developing noninvasive biomarkers and identify their suitability in clinical practice in the future.

Graphical abstract
Frequency adaptive fault detection by feature pyramid network with wavelet transform
Authors: Zhou Ruoshui , Zhou Cheng , Wang Yaojun , Yao Xingmiao , Hu Guangmin , Yu Fucai
Published: August 2023

Fault detection is a key step in seismic structure interpretation. Current research has achieved good results in fault detection by using synthetic training data to train deep-learning models. However, there is an inevitable difference in frequency bandwidth between synthetic training data and real seismic data, which makes it difficult for deep-learning models to obtain ideal fault detection results on real seismic data. To solve this problem, the feature pyramid network (FPN) is introduced to obtain multiscale deep-learning features, which can reduce the impact of seismic data frequency bandwidth differences on fault detection. Then, we apply the multiscale wavelet transform to extract multiscale frequency spectral features of the seismic data and combine them with the multiscale deep-learning features through concatenation operation. Furthermore, the seismic data is decomposed into signals with different frequency bands through the wavelet transform, and we use the energy of these signals as the network weights of multiscale mixed features to further improve the frequency adaptability of our method. Based on these works, we not only improve the fault detection effect in a specific work area but also improve the generalization ability of the deep-learning model in different work areas, thus further promoting the application of deep learning in actual production. Compared with the fault detection results by the traditional deep-learning model U-Net and the traditional FPN on multiple real seismic data and synthetic seismic data, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Listening to the experts: person-centred approaches to supporting autistic people and people with an intellectual disability in the mental health system
Authors: Quinn Alexis , Wood Alicia , Lodge Keri-Michèle , Hollins Sheila
Published: August 2023

Despite numerous UK government policies aimed at reducing the number of autistic people and people with an intellectual disability in mental health hospitals, little progress has been made, with many experiencing lengthy stays that offer little therapeutic benefit. Once admitted, people are at risk of restrictive interventions and significantly delayed discharge, resulting in trauma. This article draws on the cases of four people to illustrate the limitations of current mental health system approaches to the challenges experienced by autistic people and people with an intellectual disability. The importance of relational working and listening to people is explored, and we demonstrate how this can facilitate the provision of bespoke housing and care packages to enable a successful return to life in the community. Finally, we offer recommendations on the changes urgently needed to ensure that autistic people and people with an intellectual disability can live ordinary lives in their own homes, with timely and effective support from mental health services when needed, just like everyone else.
Biology of vascular mural cells
Authors: Siekmann Arndt F.
Published: August 2023

The vasculature consists of vessels of different sizes that are arranged in a hierarchical pattern. Two cell populations work in concert to establish this pattern during embryonic development and adopt it to changes in blood flow demand later in life: endothelial cells that line the inner surface of blood vessels, and adjacent vascular mural cells, including smooth muscle cells and pericytes. Despite recent progress in elucidating the signalling pathways controlling their crosstalk, much debate remains with regard to how mural cells influence endothelial cell biology and thereby contribute to the regulation of blood vessel formation and diameters. In this Review, I discuss mural cell functions and their interactions with endothelial cells, focusing on how these interactions ensure optimal blood flow patterns. Subsequently, I introduce the signalling pathways controlling mural cell development followed by an overview of mural cell ontogeny with an emphasis on the distinguishing features of mural cells located on different types of blood vessels. Ultimately, I explore therapeutic strategies involving mural cells to alleviate tissue ischemia and improve vascular efficiency in a variety of diseases.
Effect of a Workplace-Driven Sit–Stand Initiative on Sitting Time and Work Outcomes
Authors: Adeleke Stephen O. , Healy Genevieve N. , Smith Christine , Goode Ana D. , Clark Bronwyn K.
Published: August 2023

Modifications to workplaces, including installation of sit–stand work stations, have been shown to be effective in reducing the amount of time workers spend sitting. This study begins to build practice-based evidence through a pragmatic evaluation of workplace environmental changes aimed at reducing sitting time through installing sit–stand workstations in a workplace with an existing organizational culture of supporting and promoting activity-based work. Participants were recruited from the work site of a single organization, which had sit–stand desks installed for all workers in 2015. Before desk installation, and 3 months after installation, workers were invited to complete a survey, with physical activity over the whole day; sitting, standing, moving, and breaking up sitting time at work; and sitting and standing outside work evaluated. Paired t-tests were used to analyze changes in these activity measures pre- and postinstallation. A total of 157 workers completed the baseline survey (52% of total staff), with 79 workers completing the survey at both baseline and follow-up (82% female, 61% 40+ yr; baseline percent workplace sitting = 77%, SD = 17%). From baseline to follow-up, participants decreased their workplace percent sitting time (mean change = −17%, 95% confidence interval = −22% to −13%, P < 0.01) and increased their workplace percent standing time (mean change = +15%, 95% confidence interval = 11%–19%, P < 0.01). Changes in workplace moving, frequency of breaks from sitting, physical activity over the week, and sitting and standing time outside work hours were small and not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Findings from this natural experiment suggest that the installation of sit–stand workstations into an activity-promoting workplace environment may be effective for reducing sitting time and increasing standing in office workers.
Market Structure, Oligopsony Power, and Productivity
Authors: Rubens Michael
Published: August 2023

I examine the effects of oligopsony power on allocative efficiency and income redistribution by studying a size regulation in the Chinese tobacco industry that led to ownership consolidation. I show that separate identification of input price markdowns, goods price markups, and productivity is challenging when a subset of inputs is nonsubstitutable, which often holds for materials, and construct and estimate a model to overcome this challenge. I find that the regulation increased input price markdowns by 37 percent on average. This increase in oligopsony power led to a decline in allocative efficiency and redistributed income away from rural households. (JEL D24, D31, G32, G34, L13, L66, P31)
Zirconia implants interfere with the evaluation of peri-implant bone defects in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images even with artifact reduction, a pilot study
Authors: Kuusisto Niina , Abushahba Faleh , Syrjänen Stina , Huumonen Sisko , Vallittu Pekka , Närhi Timo
Published: August 2023

Objectives:

Three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging can be considered, especially in patients with complicated peri-implantitis (PI). Artifacts induced by dense materials are the drawback of CBCT imaging and the peri-implant bone condition may not be assessed reliably because the artifacts are present in the same area. This pilot study investigates the performance of the artifact reduction algorithm (ARA) of the Planmeca Viso G7 CBCT device (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) with three different implant materials and imaging parameters.

Methods:

Three pairs of dental implants consisting of titanium, zirconia, and fiber reinforced composite (FRC) were set into a pig mandible. A vertical defect simulating peri-implantitis bone loss was made on the buccal side of one of each implant. The defect was identified and measured by two observers and compared to the actual dimensions. In addition, the bone structure and the marginal cortex visibility between the implants were estimated visually.

Results:

The bone defect and its dimensions with the zirconia implant could not be identified in any image with or without the metal artifact reduction algorithm. The bone defect of titanium and FRC implants were identified with all three imaging parameters or even without ARA. The interobserver agreement between the two observers was almost perfect for all categories analyzed.

Conclusion:

Peri-implantitis defect of the zirconia implant and the peri-implant bone structure of the zirconia implants cannot be recognized reliably with any ARA levels, or any imaging parameters used with the Planmeca Viso G7. The need for ARA when imaging the peri-implant bone condition of the titanium and FRC implants may be unnecessary.
The psychotherapist attentive to the embodiment of the patient. Analysis of fragments of psychotherapeutic dialogue
Authors: Mirucka Beata
Published: August 2023

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie sposobów korzystania z uważności psychoterapeuty na zjawiska cielesności. W części pierwszej zarysowana została autorska koncepcja podmiotu ucieleśnionego, według której doświadczenie ciała jest nieustannie opracowywane w formie trzech podstawowych psychicznych reprezentacji: obrazu ciała, schematu ciała i poczucia ciała. Obraz ciała, odnoszący się głównie do eksterocepcji, obejmuje spostrzeżenia, przekonania oraz emocje kierowane wobec ciała. Schemat ciała bazuje przede wszystkim na organizacji informacji proprioceptywnych, których źródłem są akty poruszania i przemieszczania się w przestrzeni oraz władania ciałem. Natomiast poczucie ciała, reprezentacja kształtowana dzięki interocepcji, dotyczy obrazowania stanów, procesów i zachowania ciała; obejmuje całościowe doświadczenie kondycji fizycznej, które ma podstawowe znaczenie dla nastroju i stanu emocjonalnego podmiotu. Triada psychicznych reprezentacji cielesnych tworzy nierozerwalną całość, której poziom integracji ulega zakłóceniom, zwłaszcza w sytuacji traumy.
Druga część artykułu stanowi egzemplifikację pracy psychoterapeuty wrażliwego i uważnego na fenomeny cielesności. W przytoczonych fragmentach dialogów ukazane zostały sposoby indentyfikowania poszczególnych reprezentacji ciała, a następnie łączenia ich w coraz bardziej pozytywnym wizerunku pacjentki. Przedstawiona propozycja pracy ma na celu pozytywne przekształcanie traumatycznego doświadczenia w taki sposób, żeby stawało się się ono integralną częścią świadomości siebie, a tym samym w coraz mniejszym stopniu utrudniało realizację życiowych zadań.
A psychotherapist online. In search of professional psychotherapy – preliminary report
Authors: Wrzesień Katarzyna , Kudła Klaudiusz Krzysztof , Bańdur Anna , Pilecki Maciej
Published: August 2023

Cel pracy

Artykuł jest próbą wstępnego opisu sposobu prezentacji usług psychoterapeutycznych w sieci internetowej oraz odpowiedzi na pytanie, na ile osoby poszukujące usług specjalistów za pomocą wyszukiwarek internetowych będą w stanie uzyskać profesjonalną i adekwatną pomoc.

Metoda

W okresie od 18.11.2020 do 25.02.2021 do wyszukiwarki internetowej Google wpisano hasło – „psychoterapia Kraków”, a następnie, w oparciu o autorską ankietę, dokonano analizy i oceny danych zawartych na stronach internetowych. Analizie poddano 55 profili internetowych osób proponujących prowadzenie psychoterapii.

Wyniki

Analiza stron internetowych pozwoliła wyróżnić informacje, które umieszczają terapeuci reklamujący swoje usługi w sieci. Najwięcej analizowanych profili należało do kobiet (70%). Większość terapeutów miało wykształcenie wyższe magisterskie (92%), najczęściej psychologiczne (73%). Również większość reklamujących się terapeutów była w trakcie (58%) lub ukończyła (20%) całościowe szkolenie terapeutyczne, dawała możliwość rejestracji online oraz udostępniała cennik usług. Niewielki procent profili podawał informacje dotyczące przynależności do towarzystw i stowarzyszeń psychoterapeutycznych, jak również doświadczenia zawodowego. Część profili dawała możliwość oceny przez pacjentów/klientów, które niemal w całości były pozytywne (98%).

Wnioski

Większość przeanalizowanych profili spełniała kryteria sugerujące możliwość uzyskania profesjonalnej opieki terapeutycznej. Najłatwiej jest uzyskać informację dotyczącą wykształcenia terapeuty, sposobu rejestracji czy cennika usług. Na wielu stronach brakowało informacji dotyczących doświadczenia terapeutów, przynależności do towarzystw naukowych lub zawodowych i dostępu do superwizji. Niewielu terapeutów umieszcza je na stronie lub nie należy do żadnego towarzystwa zrzeszającego psychoterapeutów.
Therapeutic aspects of a psychiatric ward. Part II
Authors: Walczewski Krzysztof , Korzeniowski Wojciech , Najbar Irena , Pruss Małgorzata , Ferlak Aneta , Fusińska - Korpik Agnieszka
Published: August 2023

Izolacyjny aspekt opieki psychiatrycznej determinuje naukowe i teoretyczne refleksje na temat pracy terapeutycznej z pacjentami w głębokich kryzysach psychicznych. Zachodzące współcześnie zmiany w tym obszarze implikują potrzebę dzielenia się nie tylko postępami w zakresie szeroko rozumianej wczesnej rehabilitacji pacjentów, ale także skutecznymi praktykami oddziaływań psychoterapeutycznych wobec pacjentów leczonych na ogólnopsychiatrycznych oddziałach stacjonarnych. Zagadnienia dotyczące metod terapii pacjentów w głębokich kryzysach psychicznych wciąż podejmowane są w literaturze stosunkowo rzadko, w szczególności w kontekście pracy zespołowej i jej terapeutycznego potencjału. Zwrócenie uwagi na te elementy leczenia stacjonarnego jest istotne dla procesu leczenia. W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano zespołowy model pracy terapeutycznej oddziału ogólnopsychiatrycznego Szpitala Klinicznego im. dr. J. Babińskiego w Krakowie. Przedstawiono założenia teoretyczne leżące u podstaw tej pracy. Omówiono niektóre formy oddziaływań wraz z ilustracją elementów praktyki klinicznej. Refleksje dotyczą dalszych kierunków doskonalenia terapii w ramach stacjonarnej opieki psychiatrycznej.
‘Everyday Life’ in the Works of Maria Bogucka
Authors: Wiślicz Tomasz
Published: August 2023

The article discusses the use of the category of ‘everyday life’ in historical works by Maria Bogucka as well as her theoretical contributions on the subject. Her pioneering role in adapting the mode of popular writing advanced by the French cycle Histoire de la vie quotidienne to Polish historiography in the 1960s established a high-quality standard on Polish scholars by combining original research into economic and social history with references to the history of material culture and mentalities. A quarter of a century after the publication of her exemplary study entitled Życie codzienne w Gdańsku: wiek XVI–XVII [Everyday Life in Gdańsk: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, 1967], Bogucka involved herself in contemporary debates within the international community of historians over the German Alltagsgeschichte, perceiving it as a methodological framework for innovative research and an opportunity to expand the theoretical side of cultural history. Though she would not produce another ‘history of everyday life’ – in a refreshed perspective and with more robust theoretical foundations – her studies into old Polish customs betray an inspiration with the German research current of Alltagsgeschichte, which blossomed in the early 1990s.
Early Modern Gdańsk in Maria Bogucka’s Research
Authors: Kizik Edmund
Published: August 2023

Research on the socio-economic history of early modern Gdańsk marked the various stages of Maria Bogucka’s research career, from her doctorate in 1955 to full professorship in 1981. She came from the research grouping of Marian Małowist, and her works, along with the contributions of other students from this circle, are among the most outstanding achievements of Polish historiography of the twentieth century. This article is devoted to discussing the most important Gdańsk-related works of Bogucka against the background of German-Polish controversies, which touched upon an assessment of the city’s role in the history of Poland.
European Philosophers Radim Palouš and Jozef Piaček on Phenomenological Themes of Education, Syncriticism and Philosophy of Concordance
Authors: Rusnák Peter , Martinkovič Marcel
Published: August 2023

In the present article, the possibilities of teaching the philosophy of syncriticism and life of concordance as conditio humana and mediation of philosophical thinking to youth (students) and teachers in the era of ignorance (Konrad Paul Liessmann) are discussed. Using the philosophical concept of syncriticism, the author attempts to open and defend the otherness of philosophy in the system of education, justify its enriching and provocative dimension, its free-teaching time (Jan Patočka), life practice in building relationships and the authentic life of our everyday existence (Radim Palouš). In the philosophy of syncriticism and competence of concordance (Jozef Piaček) and in indifference to the future, we see the meaningfulness of philosophical education andfind its new possibilities and challenges concerning homo educandus.
Between ‘Religious Denomination’ and ‘Social Diversity’: On the Future of Religious Education in Poland
Authors: Chrostowski Mariusz , Kropač Urlich
Published: August 2023

In recent years, Polish society has observed an intensification of changes in socio-religious conditions. In a special way, they have become the ‘hallmark’ of young Poles, who already exist uniquely between ‘religious denomination’ and ‘social diversity.’ The current form of Religious Education (school catechesis) is therefore becoming less and less compatible with the daily life of youth and will thus undoubtedly be difficult to maintain in the future in an unchanged form. In this context, this article – anchoredin a critical analysis of the present – is an attempt to ‘explore’ the future of Religious Education in Polish schools. To begin with, the authors present the symptoms of ‘social exhaustion’ concerning school catechesis and then focus on presenting ‘dialogue’ asa religious-pedagogical path of the future. The last paragraph is devoted to conceptual dilemmas, which include not only tasks related to the future teaching of religion, but also present guidelines related to the search for a future model of Religious Educationin Poland.
The Rio 20+ process, the idea of sustainable development - current and historical legal perspectives for sport and tourism
Authors: Bugajska Małgorzata , Raniszewski Szymon , Tomanek Mateusz , Borek Dominik
Published: August 2023

The article presents the characteristics and main assumptions of the RIO 20+ Process, and also focuses on the European Union's support for the idea of ​​sustainable development in the world. The starting point for further considerations in the article is to explain what the Rio 20+ Process is, what are its goals, main assumptions and how this process functioned in 2012. The work will discuss the document entitled "The future we want" in the context of sport and tourism. Conclusions will also be formulated regarding the idea to address this issue during the Polish Presidency of the EU Council in the second half of 2025. The article uses the dogmatic and exegetical method, documents that were produced under the so-called Rio 20+ concept. The article presents the personal views of the authors and cannot be interpreted as the position of any authority, entity or institution. The article presents the legal status as of January 1, 2023.
Antropologiczno-historyczne ujęcie utopii w koncepcji Panajotisa Kondylisa. Kilka uwag na marginesie przekładu jego tekstu "Utopia a działanie historyczne"
Authors: Zieliński Lech , Głowacki Patryk
Published: August 2023

Przedmiotem artykułu jest krytyczne opracowanie pojęcia utopii w dziele Panajotisa Kondylisa oraz nakreślenie historycznego kontekstu powstania jego koncepcji. Autorzy artykułu wskazują, że w koncepcji Kondylisa pojęcie utopii odgrywa centralną rolę i ma charakter uniwersalny. Podkreślają równocześnie jej antropologiczny wymiar oraz wskazują na wynikające z tego konsekwencje. Autorzy zwracają również uwagę na historyczne analizy Kondylisa odnoszące się do upadku komunizmu, którego on nie łączy bezpośrednio z jego utopijnym charakterem.
Institutionen bei Kondylis und Gehlen
Authors: Horst Falk
Published: August 2023

On the basis of his conception of anthropology, Kondylis, in comparison with Gehlen’s model, expands and completes the meaning and function of institutions for society in several important areas. According to the Kondylis’ conception, the individual transfers his or her quest for power into the service of the social organism. Thereby institutions, which are considered objective, are responsible for the necessary social discipline. They work as long as the economy and the mode of production, in other words, the living conditions of organised society, remain the same. However, if there are changes in this respect, institutions also change, or their interpretation changes. Unlike Gehlen’s conception, Kondylis’ theory of institutions has more explicative potential. The former cannot explain the reasons why institutions undergo change or even cease to exist altogether. The article uses a very interesting source, namely Kondylis’ surviving system of note cards, which constitute the still unpublished part of his scientific heritage.
Federated Optimization Under Intermittent Client Availability
Authors: Yan Yikai , Niu Chaoyue , Ding Yucheng , Zheng Zhenzhe , Tang Shaojie , Li Qinya , Wu Fan , Lyu Chengfei , Feng Yanghe , Chen Guihai
Published: August 2023

Federated learning is a new distributed machine learning framework, where numerous heterogeneous clients collaboratively train a model without sharing training data. In this work, we consider a practical and ubiquitous issue when deploying federated learning in mobile environments: intermittent client availability, where the set of eligible clients may change during the training process. Such intermittent client availability would seriously deteriorate the performance of the classical federated averaging algorithm (FedAvg). Thus, we propose a simple distributed nonconvex optimization algorithm, called federated latest averaging (FedLaAvg), which leverages the latest gradients of all clients, even when the clients are not available, to jointly update the global model in each iteration. Our theoretical analysis shows that FedLaAvg achieves guaranteed convergence and a sublinear speedup with respect to the total number of clients. We implement FedLaAvg along with several baselines and evaluate them over the benchmarking MNIST and Sentiment140 data sets. The evaluation results demonstrate that FedLaAvg achieves more stable training than FedAvg in both convex and nonconvex settings and reaches a sublinear speedup. Source code and online supplement are available at the IJOC GitHub site ( http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0057.cd , https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0057 ).

History: Accepted by Ram Ramesh, Area Editor for Data Science & Machine Leaning.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China [Grant 2022ZD0119100], the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [Grants 61972252, 61972254, 62072303, 62025204, 62132018, 62202296, and 62202297], the Alibaba Innovation Research (AIR) Program, and the Tencent Rhino Bird Key Research Project.

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0057 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0057 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Front Matter: Volume 3
Authors: Hájek Petr , Vít Ondřej
Published: August 2023

This PDF file contains the front matter of the Proceedings of CBU in Proceedings of CBU in Medicine and Pharmacy Volume 3, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.
Front Matter: Volume 3
Authors: Hájek Petr , Vít Ondřej
Published: August 2023

This PDF file contains the front matter of the Proceedings of CBU in Natural Sciences and ICT  Volume 3, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.
Front Matter: Volume 3
Authors: Hájek Petr , Vít Ondřej
Published: August 2023

This PDF file contains the front matter of the Proceedings of CBU in Proceedings of CBU in Social Sciences Volume 3, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.
Timescaled monitoring to manage venous leg ulcers and chronic oedema
Authors: Muldoon Jeanette
Published: August 2023

Venous leg ulcers and chronic oedema including lymphoedema are lifelong conditions that cause great distress to sufferers due to psychophysical symptoms. Time and resources spent on managing chronic wounds place an economic burden on healthcare providers, particularly with an anticipated increase in an ageing population and diminishing numbers of those providing long-term care. Resources are further challenged if wounds remain unhealed. The human costs are even greater, with patients often facing a lifetime of discomfort due to low awareness of venous disease, despite epidemiological studies. Possible causes of persistent venous disease may be misdiagnosis, mismanagement, or simply, no management if help is not sought. Therefore, it is important that chronic leg ulcers are managed with clinically effective regimes, reassessment, monitoring and appropriate referrals for adjunct management, alongside patient education. This article provides simple timescaled measurements to ensure timely interventions and appropriate care at each stage.
A novel approach using vinegar to eradicate recalcitrant skin flukes in koi fish: a case report
Authors: Loh Richmond
Published: August 2023

Parasites such as skin flukes and gill flukes can be a problem for koi carp owners – particularly hobbyists – for a number of reasons. Although they can theoretically be treated with one application of medication, factors such as water quality, drug resistance and degradation of medications can make these parasites more diffcult to eradicate. Acetic acid can be used as a method of killing ectoparasites on fish, though traditionally this is performed by dipping the fish into the acid, not as a prolonged immersion. This case report concerns a hobbyists pond with a long-term skin fluke infestation and the treatment of the infestation by using household vinegar to acidify the water over a prolonged period.
Comorbidity of Borderline Personality Disorder and Disordered Eating: A Difficult Challenge for Psychiatry?
Authors: Pellegrini Luca , M. Cioni Riccardo , Atti Anna Rita , Ronchi Diana De , D’Adda Francesca , Pozzi Euro , Gadelkarim Wafaa , Lovett Tanya , Berardi Domenico , Fineberg Naomi A. , Menchetti Marco
Published: August 2023

Background; Disordered eating is common in individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Both BPD and certain forms of disordered eating are known to be associated with poor impulse control. Our aim is to identify the clinical and psychometric characteristics of patients with BPD and disordered eating, with particular emphasis on impulsivity.

Methods; A convenience sample of patients with DSM-IV BPD was enrolled from five Italian outpatient mental health services. The BPD sample was divided into two groups according to the presence of clinically significant disordered eating and compared with a third group of outpatients with only disordered eating.

Results; In the BPD sample, 52% had disordered eating. Patients with BPD+disordered eating had more lifetime suicide attempts (p=0.046) and hospitalizations (p=0.038) and showed higher impulsivity on the Barratt-Impulsiveness-Scale (p=0.026) specifically in the domain of attentional impulsivity (p<0.001), as well as greater depressive symptoms on the Beck-Depression-Inventory (p=0.006). A correlation was found between attentional impulsivity and all of the Eating-Disorder-Examination-Questionnaire subscales apart from the restriction one.

Conclusions; Disordered eating is common among individuals with BPD and these patients represent a significantly more impulsive subgroup with a higher rate of suicidality, and therefore a challenge for clinicians. Attentional impulsivity could represent a novel treatment target for this group of individuals.
Psychotherapeutic Options for Post-Pandemic Stress Syndrome
Authors: Łaskawiec-Żuławińska Daria , Grajek Mateusz , Krupa-Kotara Karolina , Korzonek-Szlacheta Ilona
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic and the traumatic events associated with it have triggered many negative emotional reactions, including anxiety, fear, stress and even depressive disorders in many people, especially among health care workers who risked their health and lives fighting on the front lines of the fight against the pandemic. Many of them, after a period of extreme stress and uncertainty associated with the condition, developed the so-called post-pandemic stress syndrome, affecting many aspects of mental health and often making it difficult to function normally in daily life.

Adequate psychological support for medics in the post-pandemic period is crucial, as it affects the functioning of the health care system worldwide. Currently, there are a variety of therapies for post-pandemic stress syndrome. These include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, group therapy, Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE), or Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). The choice of the appropriate one depends on the therapist, who selects the method for each patient's individual needs.
Navigating the COVID-19 pandemic two years on: experiences of carers of people with dementia from the British IDEAL cohort
Authors: Collins Rachel , Dawson Eleanor , Pentecost Claire , Stapley Sally , Quinn Catherine , Charlwood Catherine , Allan Louise , Victor Christina , Clare Linda
Published: August 2023

We explored carers’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in England to identify long-term impacts and implications, and to suggest future support for caregivers. Data were collected during COVID-19 rapid response studies from carers participating in a British longitudinal cohort study. Semi-structured interview data were compared to accounts from previous interviews conducted during the first 18 months of the pandemic. There was indication of some return to pre-pandemic lifestyles, but without appropriate support, carers risked reaching crisis point. Evidence points to a requirement for assessment and management of support needs to ensure well-being and sustainable dementia caregiving.
Toward Equity in Research on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Kover Sara T. , Abbeduto Leonard
Published: August 2023

Lack of diversity in IDD research is typically conceptualized only in terms of (1) recruitment of samples that do not appropriately represent the sociodemographics of the population, or (2) the limited number of researchers from historically marginalized backgrounds. Critically, the field also suffers from over-reliance on perspectives and social systems of dominant culture—both in how disability is regarded and in relation to other dimensions of identity and culture. These lenses lead to research findings that reinforce, rather than reduce, social inequities. We propose a framework that minimizes reliance on diagnostic categories, shifts from deficit- to person-centered models, acknowledges people’s multiple identities, and includes self-advocates and diverse communities as partners in the research enterprise. The systems change necessary to support this framework is described.
The Equity Agenda in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research
Authors: Johnson Khalilah Robinson
Published: August 2023

This commentary on Kover and Abbeduto (2023) underscores the critical importance of naming and framing toward an equity agenda in intellectual and developmental disabilities research. More specifically, I briefly outline (1) why racialization is an important anchor in IDD discourse; (2) whiteness as a necessary point of discussion; and (3) the adoption of critical inquiry and critical praxis.
The Role of Journal Editors in Implementing Equity-Focused Research
Authors: Thoma Colleen A. , Scott LaRon A.
Published: August 2023

We respond to the recommendations made by Kover and Abbeduto in their article, “Toward Equity in Research on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities,” through the discussion of what journal editors should be considering in advancing equitable processes for research with individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). We provide practical suggestions from our experience as co-editors in promoting diversity in research partnerships with people with IDD.
Picketing Against Porn in Mesquite: Community Values vs. “Satan’s Library”
Authors: Woods Fred E. , Jensen Cheryl
Published: August 2023

Abstract: In the spring of 1993 the opening of Pure Pleasure Book Store in Mesquite, Nevada, met with protests from many of the citizens of Virgin Valley in southeast Nevada. The conservative and church-going community rallied around members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormons) who objected to what they saw as an affront to the moral standards of the community and the dangers that pornography presented to children and families. The Mesquite Chamber of Commerce formed an organization with the acronym HOME, Help Our Moral Environment, to fight for the closure of the bookstore. HOME attracted support from the citizens of the valley and neighboring communities in Utah who volunteered to serve on picket lines near the store with signs denouncing pornography. Store owners asserted their right to free speech and kept the doors open while challenging a zoning ordinance in the courts that was passed by the City of Mesquite which prohibited such businesses. As the courts deliberated, picketing continued for twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, for two and a half years. On March 27, 1996, in Las Vegas Federal District Court, Judge Phillip Pro ruled in favor of the City of Mesquite to close the offending business under the authority of its zoning ordinance.
Competition between Zeeman and hyperfine pumping in thermal atomic vapor
Authors: Bala Rajni , Ghosh Joyee , Venkataraman Vivek
Published: August 2023

We present ab initio reduced rate equation models to study the interplay of Zeeman and hyperfine pumping, which determines the Doppler-broadened absorption spectra of an arbitrarily polarized probe laser, in thermal atomic vapor. Our simple models (with maximum seven levels) accurately predict the dependence of probe absorption on its polarization for the 87Rb D2 line (residual error <2%) without any fitting parameters, while being ∼100× less computational resource intensive as compared to numerically complex full multi-level models that treat all (up to 23) the magnetic (m
F
) sub-levels present in the system individually. We demonstrate that either Zeeman or hyperfine pumping dominates depending on whether the atomic transitions being probed are primarily closed or open.
In-situ monitoring of refractive index change during water-ice phase transition with a multiresonant fiber grating
Authors: Zhou Yan , Zhou Wenjun , Ren Ziqiao , Zhang Yang , Gong Huaping , Shen Changyu , Chen Rui-Pin , Albert Jacques
Published: August 2023

In-situ monitoring of refractive index changes during a liquid-solid phase transition is achieved by measurement of the transmission spectrum from a single tilted fiber Bragg grating immersed in water. Differential wavelength shifts of multiple mode resonances are used to eliminate cross-talk from temperature, throughout the phase transition, and from strains occurring after solidification. The measured sudden shift of refractive index at the phase transition is shown to be consistent with the expected difference from water to ice, in spite of the observed onset of compressive strain on the fiber by the frozen water. Beyond the obvious application to research on the dynamics of liquid-solid phase transitions, this work demonstrates the multiparameter measurement capabilities of multiresonant gratings.
Chaos with Gaussian invariant distribution by quantum-noise random phase feedback
Authors: Guo Yanqiang , Li Haifeng , Wang Yingqi , Meng Xiangyu , Zhao Tong , Guo Xiaomin
Published: August 2023

We experimentally present a random phase feedback based on quantum noise to generate a chaotic laser with Gaussian invariant distribution. The quantum noise from vacuum fluctuations is acquired by balanced homodyne detection and injected into a phase modulator to form a random phase feedback. An optical switch using high-speed intensity modulator is employed to reset the chaotic states repeatedly and the time evolutions of intensity statistical distributions of the chaotic states stemming from the initial noise are measured. By the quantum-noise random phase feedback, the transient intensity distributions of the chaotic outputs are improved from asymmetric invariant distributions to Gaussian invariant distributions, and the Gaussian invariant distribution indicates a randomly perturbed dynamical transition from microscopic initial noise to macroscopic stochastic fluctuation. The effects of phase feedback bandwidth and modulation depth on the invariant distributions are investigated experimentally. The chaotic time-delay signature and mean permutation entropy are suppressed to 0.036 and enhanced to 0.999 using the random phase feedback, respectively. The high-quality chaotic laser with Gaussian invariant distribution can be a desired random source for ultrafast random number generation and secure communication.
Microring structure for flexible polymer waveguide-based optical pressure sensing
Authors: Li Hongqiang , Lin Zhilin , Cao Lu , Ren Feng , Zhang Lizhen , Wang Yingjie , Zhao Ruina , Song Zhenya , Liu Yang , Hu Youshan , Li Changyu , Zhang Shanshan , Li Enbang , Prades Joan Daniel
Published: August 2023

Flexible pressure sensors provide a promising platform for artificial smart skins, and photonic devices provide a new technique to fabricate pressure sensors. Here, we present a flexible waveguide-based optical pressure sensor based on a microring structure. The waveguide-based optical pressure sensor is based on a five-cascade microring array structure with a size of 1500 µm × 500 µm and uses the change in output power to linearly characterize the change in pressure acting on the device. The results show that the device has a sensing range of 0–60 kPa with a sensitivity of 23.14 µW/kPa, as well as the ability to detect pulse signals, swallowing, hand gestures, etc. The waveguide-based pressure sensors offer the advantages of good output linearity, high integration density and easy-to-build arrays.
Enhanced temperature stability of threshold current of InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers by AlGaAs lateral potential barrier layers
Authors: Kakuda Masahiro , Morais Natalia , Kwoen Jinkwan , Arakawa Yasuhiko
Published: August 2023

We have investigated the incorporation of an AlGaAs lateral potential barrier layer (LPBL) as a novel approach to improve the temperature stability of the threshold current in InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) lasers. This layer serves to increase the energy separation (ΔE) between the ground and excited states of the QD while maintaining efficient vertical carrier injection. Theoretical calculations confirm that the LPBL is effective in increasing ΔE. The LPBLs were successfully formed using the preferential growth properties of AlGaAs induced by the non-uniform distribution of strain effects on the QD surface during molecular beam epitaxy growth. To confirm the usefulness of the LPBLs, we fabricated an InAs/GaAs QD laser incorporating AlGaAs LPBLs, demonstrating that the threshold current at 150°C was significantly reduced by 48% compared to a QD laser without LPBLs. The temperature stabilization achieved by incorporating the LPBLs provides a promising way for establishing high reliability and low power operation of QD lasers in high-temperature environments.
High-frame-rate reconfigurable diffractive neural network based on superpixels
Authors: Qu Yuan , Lian Hengyu , Ding Chunxu , Liu Huazhen , Liu Linxian , Yang Jiamiao
Published: August 2023

The existing implementations of reconfigurable diffractive neural networks rely on both a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator and a digital micromirror device, which results in complexity in the alignment of the optical system and a constrained computational speed. Here, we propose a superpixel diffractive neural network that leverages solely a digital micromirror device to control the neuron bias and connection. This approach considerably simplifies the optical system and achieves a computational speed of 326 Hz per neural layer. We validate our method through experiments in digit classification, achieving an accuracy of 82.6%, and action recognition, attaining a perfect accuracy of 100%. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the superpixel diffractive neural network in simplifying the optical system and enhancing computational speed, opening up new possibilities for real-time optical information processing applications.
Theory of apparent circular dichroism in a magnetic field
Authors: Cameron Robert P. , Wade Jessica , Fuchter Matthew
Published: August 2023

We present a microscopic theory of apparent circular dichroism in chiral thin films, cast explicitly in terms of molecular property tensors. Our theory provides a general foundation for ab initio calculations and reveals that the films should exhibit an interesting magnetochiral apparent circular dichroism and other novel effects when subjected to a static magnetic field.