bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Chitosan to Chitin: Bio‐Inspired Thin Films for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Lauster Tobias , Mauel Anika , Herrmann Kai , Veitengruber Viktoria , Song Qimeng , Senker Jürgen , Retsch Markus
Published: February 2023

Passive radiative daytime cooling is an emerging technology contributing to carbon‐neutral heat management. Optically engineered materials with distinct absorption and emission properties in the solar and mid‐infrared range are at the heart of this technology. Owing to their low emissive power of about 100 W m−2 during daytime, substantial areas need to be covered with passive cooling materials or coatings to achieve a sizeable effect on global warming. Consequently, biocompatible materials are urgently needed to develop suitable coatings with no adverse environmental impact. It is shown how chitosan films with different thicknesses can be produced from slightly acidic aqueous solutions. The conversion to their insoluble form chitin in the solid state is demonstrated and the conversion is monitored with infrared (IR) and NMR spectroscopy. In combination with a reflective backing material, the films show below‐ambient temperature cooling capabilities with a suitable emissivity in the mid‐IR region and low solar absorption of 3.1–6.9%, depending on the film thickness. This work highlights the potential of chitosan and chitin as widely available biocompatible polymers for passive radiative cooling applications.
Silkworm Hemolymph Resistance Random Access Memory with High Stability and Low Power Consumption
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhu Hongyu , Zuo Ze , Wen Dianzhong
Published: February 2023

Most current resistive memory has the problems of high and unstable threshold voltages and high device misread rates caused by low current switching ratios. To address these problems, an Al/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/silkworm hemolymph:gold nanoparticles/PMMA/indium tin oxide memory device is fabricated by adding PMMA layers above and below the active layer. The device not only has stable bipolar switching characteristics with a high ON/OFF current ratio but also has a lower and more stable threshold voltage. Potentiation, depression, and spike‐time‐dependent plasticity at biological synapses are realized using this device. The device is successfully fabricated on a flexible substrate, and the device can still maintain a stable working state after 104 bending cycles. This research opens a new door for the future realization of artificial synapses in neural network hardware.
Nitrogen fertilizer and tillage intensity affected winter wheat macronutrient uptake and utilization efficiencies
Authors: Obour Augustine K. , Holman Johnathon D. , Simon Logan M. , Assefa Yared
Published: February 2023

Application of N fertilizer and no‐tillage (NT) can increase winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) production through improvements in plant available soil water and nutrient availability. However, long‐term tillage and N management interaction effects on winter wheat nutrient uptake are not well known. The objective of this study was to quantify winter wheat grain yield, macronutrient removal, and utilization responses to N fertilizer application and tillage intensity. The study was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at Hays, Kansas after 45 years of tillage and N fertility experiment. Treatments were a combination of two tillage practices (CT, conventional tillage; NT) and four rates of N (0, 45, 90, and 134 kg ha−1). Results showed a significant tillage and N fertilizer interaction effect on wheat grain yield, nutrient removal (NR) (grain‐N, ‐P, ‐K, ‐Mg; stover‐K, and total P), and nutrient concentration (stover‐K and ‐S). Two different quadratic models fit the N rate‐to‐yield relation for CT and NT with yields of 4.3 and 5.2 Mg ha−1 at agronomic optimal N rates of 119 and 199 kg N ha−1, respectively. This suggests that the N rates were not high enough to predict optimum N rate for NT in this environment. With an average yield of 3.30 Mg ha−1, wheat removed about 113 kg N ha−1, 17 kg P ha−1, 56 kg K ha−1, 7 kg Ca ha−1, 8 kg Mg ha−1, and 8 kg S ha−1, irrespective of tillage practice. Grain yields and NR were greater for CT at smaller N rates (<90 kg N ha−1) and for NT at greater N rates (>90 kg ha−1). Findings of the study suggest that adequate N fertility (>90 kg ha−1) should be maintained to improve grain yield, nutrient uptake, and utilization efficiency in dryland NT wheat production systems.
Lichen ecophysiology in a changing climate
Authors: Stanton Daniel E. , Ormond Amaris , Koch Natalia M. , Colesie Claudia
Published: February 2023

Lichens are one of the most iconic and ubiquitous symbioses known, widely valued as indicators of environmental quality and, more recently, climate change. Our understanding of lichen responses to climate has greatly expanded in recent decades, but some biases and constraints have shaped our present knowledge. In this review we focus on lichen ecophysiology as a key to predicting responses to present and future climates, highlighting recent advances and remaining challenges. Lichen ecophysiology is best understood through complementary whole‐thallus and within‐thallus scales. Water content and form (vapor or liquid) are central to whole‐thallus perspectives, making vapor pressure differential (VPD) a particularly informative environmental driver. Responses to water content are further modulated by photobiont physiology and whole‐thallus phenotype, providing clear links to a functional trait framework. However, this thallus‐level perspective is incomplete without also considering within‐thallus dynamics, such as changing proportions or even identities of symbionts in response to climate, nutrients, and other stressors. These changes provide pathways for acclimation, but their understanding is currently limited by large gaps in our understanding of carbon allocation and symbiont turnover in lichens. Lastly, the study of lichen physiology has mainly prioritized larger lichens at high latitudes, producing valuable insights but underrepresenting the range of lichenized lineages and ecologies. Key areas for future work include improving geographic and phylogenetic coverage, greater emphasis on VPD as a climatic factor, advances in the study of carbon allocation and symbiont turnover, and the incorporation of physiological theory and functional traits in our predictive models.
Evolutionary origins of the eastern North American–Mesoamerican floristic disjunction: Current status and future prospects
Authors: Stull Gregory W.
Published: February 2023

Biogeographic disjunction patterns, where multiple taxa are shared between isolated geographic areas, represent excellent systems for investigating the historical assembly of modern biotas and fundamental biological processes such as speciation, diversification, niche evolution, and evolutionary responses to climate change. Studies on plant genera disjunct across the northern hemisphere, particularly between eastern North America (ENA) and eastern Asia (EAS), have yielded tremendous insight on the geologic history and assembly of rich temperate floras. However, one of the most prevalent disjunction patterns involving ENA forests has been largely overlooked: that of taxa disjunct between ENA and cloud forests of Mesoamerica (MAM), with examples including Acer saccharum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Cercis canadensis, Fagus grandifolia, and Epifagus virginiana. Despite the remarkable nature of this disjunction pattern, which has been recognized for over 75 years, there have been few recent efforts to empirically examine its evolutionary and ecological origins. Here I synthesize previous systematic, paleobotanical, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic studies to establish what is known about this disjunction pattern to provide a roadmap for future research. I argue that this disjunction pattern, and the evolution and fossil record of the Mexican flora more broadly, represents a key missing piece in the broader puzzle of northern hemisphere biogeography. I also suggest that the ENA–MAM disjunction represents an excellent system for examining fundamental questions about how traits and life history strategies mediate plant evolutionary responses to climate change and for predicting how broadleaf temperate forests will respond to the ongoing climatic pressures of the Anthropocene.
Study of neuropathological changes and dementia in 100 centenarians in The 90+ Study
Authors: Neuville Raumin S. , Biswas Roshni , Ho Chu‐Ching , Bukhari Syed , Sajjadi Seyed Ahmad , Paganini‐Hill Annlia , Montine Thomas J. , Corrada María M. , Kawas Claudia H.
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION

The association between neuropathological changes and dementia among centenarians and nonagenarians remains unclear.

METHODS

We examined brain tissue from 100 centenarians and 297 nonagenarians from The 90+ Study, a community‐based longitudinal study of aging. We determined the prevalence of 10 neuropathological changes and compared their associations with dementia and cognitive performance between centenarians and nonagenarians.

RESULTS

A total of 59% of centenarians and 47% of nonagenarians had at least four neuropathological changes. In centenarians, neuropathological changes were associated with higher odds of dementia and, compared to nonagenarians, the odds were not attenuated. For each additional neuropathological change, the Mini‐Mental State Examination score was lower by 2 points for both groups.

DISCUSSION

Neuropathological changes continue to be strongly related to dementia in centenarians, highlighting the importance of slowing or preventing the development of multiple neuropathological changes in the aging brain to maintain cognitive health.

Highlights

Individual and multiple neuropathological changes are frequent in centenarians.

These neuropathological changes are strongly associated with dementia.

There is no attenuation of this association with age.
Development of RPA‐Cas12a‐fluorescence assay for rapid and reliable detection of human bocavirus 1
Authors: Qian Weidong , Wang Xuefei , Wang Ting , Huang Jie , Zhang Qian , Li Yongdong , Chen Si
Published: February 2023

Human bocavirus (HBoV) 1 is considered an important pathogen that mainly affects infants aged 6–24 months, but preventing viral transmission in resource‐limited regions through rapid and affordable on‐site diagnosis of individuals with early infection of HBoV1 remains somewhat challenging. Herein, we present a novel faster, lower cost, reliable method for the detection of HBoV1, which integrates a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay with the CRISPR/Cas12a system, designated the RPA‐Cas12a‐fluorescence assay. The RPA‐Cas12a‐fluorescence system can specifically detect target gene levels as low as 0.5 copies of HBoV1 plasmid DNA per microliter within 40 min at 37°C without the need for sophisticated instruments. The method also demonstrates excellent specificity without cross‐reactivity to non‐target pathogens. Furthermore, the method was appraised using 28 clinical samples, and displayed high accuracy with positive and negative predictive agreement of 90.9% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, our proposed rapid and sensitive HBoV1 detection method, the RPA‐Cas12a‐fluorescence assay, shows promising potential for early on‐site diagnosis of HBoV1 infection in the fields of public health and health care. The established RPA‐Cas12a‐fluorescence assay is rapid and reliable method for human bocavirus 1 detection. The RPA‐Cas12a‐fluorescence assay can be completed within 40 min with robust specificity and sensitivity of 0.5 copies/μl.
Enhanced Carbon Monoxide Electroreduction to >1 A cm−2 C2+ Products Using Copper Catalysts Dispersed on MgAl Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheet House‐of‐Cards Scaffolds
Authors: Kwon Sunglun , Zhang Jie , Ganganahalli Ramesha , Verma Sumit , Yeo Boon Siang
Published: February 2023

Cu catalysts are most apt for reducing CO(2) to multi‐carbon products in aqueous electrolytes. To enhance the product yield, we can increase the overpotential and the catalyst mass loading. However, these approaches can cause inadequate mass transport of CO(2) to the catalytic sites, which will then lead to H2 evolution dominating the product selectivity. Herein, we use a MgAl LDH nanosheet ‘house‐of‐cards’ scaffold to disperse CuO‐derived Cu (OD‐Cu). With this support‐catalyst design, at −0.7 VRHE, CO could be reduced to C2+ products with a current density (jC2+) of −1251 mA cm−2. This is 14× that of the jC2+ shown by unsupported OD‐Cu. The current densities of C2+ alcohols and C2H4 were also high at −369 and −816 mA cm−2 respectively. We propose that the porosity of the LDH nanosheet scaffold enhances CO diffusion through the Cu sites. The CO reduction rate can thus be increased, while minimizing H2 evolution, even when high catalyst loadings and large overpotentials are used.
A new Wiener process with bathtub‐shaped degradation rate in the presence of random effects
Authors: Giorgio Massimiliano , Piscopo Antonio , Pulcini Gianpaolo
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes a new time scaled Wiener process with random effects that has been specially designed to allow the description of non‐monotonic degradation phenomena with bathtub shaped degradation rate, here intended as derivative of the mean function. Two different parameterizations of the proposed Wiener process are suggested, and the main features of the process are illustrated and discussed. The maximum likelihood estimation of its parameters is addressed. A failure threshold model is adopted to formulate and estimate the probability distribution function of the remaining useful life, which constitutes the core prognostic tool in condition‐based maintenance. As a motivating example, the proposed model is applied to a set of real degradation data of metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors, where, as a result of preliminary analyses, some of the process parameters are assumed to be random in order to describe the considerable heterogeneity observed between the degradation paths of different units. Obtained results demonstrate the affordability and utility of the proposed model, especially for the estimation of unit‐specific features performed on the basis of degradation data collected in the early phase of the life of a unit belonging to the considered heterogeneous population.
The fundamental plane of black hole activity for strong radio black hole sources
Authors: Dong Ai‐Jun , Du Bo‐Wen , Liu Chang , Zhi Qi‐Jun , Liu Xiang , Feng Jian‐Chao , Xie Wei
Published: February 2023

It is still controversial whether the x‐ray emissions of strong radio black hole sources (e.g., blazars and FR Is) are from a jet‐dominated flow or from an accretion disc. Previous studies have suggested that the radio–x‐ray correlation is clearly different when the x‐ray luminosity is higher or lower than a critical value, , where is the Eddington luminosity. When the black hole transient sources stay in quiescent state (), the radio–x‐ray correlation presented a steeper slope (). In this work, we constructed a strong radio sample, including blazars and FR Is with a wide x‐ray luminosity distribution () to re‐explore this issue. An obvious change in radio–x‐ray correlations is not found when the x‐ray luminosity and . And the radio–x‐ray correlation and the fundamental plane of black hole activity for strong radio sources follow a slope with . These results imply x‐ray emissions of strong radio black hole sources have similar physics and can be well explained by a jet‐dominated flow.
Biomaterials and tissue engineering strategies for posterior lamellar eyelid reconstruction: Replacement or regeneration?
Authors: Yan Yuxin , Ji Qiumei , Fu Rao , Liu Chuanqi , Yang Jing , Yin Xiya , Li Qingfeng , Huang Ru‐Lin
Published: February 2023

Reconstruction of posterior lamellar eyelids remains challenging due to their delicate structure, highly specialized function, and cosmetic concerns. Current clinically available techniques for posterior lamellar reconstruction mainly focus on reconstructing the contour of the eyelids. However, the posterior lamella not only provides structural support for the eyelid but also offers a smooth mucosal surface to facilitate globe movement and secrete lipids to maintain ocular surface homeostasis. Bioengineered posterior lamellar substitutes developed via acellular or cellular approaches have shown promise as alternatives to current therapies and encouraging outcomes in animal studies and clinical conditions. Here, we provide a brief reference on the current application of autografts, biomaterials, and tissue‐engineered substitutes for posterior lamellar eyelid reconstruction. We also shed light on future challenges and directions for eyelid regeneration strategies and offer perspectives on transitioning replacement strategies to regeneration strategies for eyelid reconstruction in the future.
Morphology, Solid Structure and Antioxidant Activity in Vitro of Angelica sinensis Polysaccharide‐Ce(IV)
Authors: Li Kaiwen , Wang Jie , Huang Zizhen , Tan Chunxia
Published: February 2023

Angelica Sinensis polysaccharide cerium (ASP−Ce) was prepared by Angelica Sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) and cerium ammonium nitrate (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6. and its morphology, and solid structure was investigated. The antioxidant activity of the ASP−Ce complex in vitro was evaluated. The antioxidant activity of ASP−Ce complex in vitro was evaluated by the scavenging activity of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhyrazyl radical (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) and superoxide anion radical (
⋅). The results showed that the ASP−Ce had the more ordered structure for inserting the Ce4+ into the polymer chain of ASP and there was little change in the conformation of the polysaccharide from Ce4+. Three free radical scavenging experiments proved that ASP−Ce had better antioxidant capacity than of ASP, especially on DPPH, and then on
⋅. The scavenging rate of ASP−Ce at 1.0 mg/mL on DPPH reached 71.6 %. Therefore, these results provide references for the further development and utilization of rare earth‐polysaccharide.
Rare congenital Dyserythropoietic anemia of childhood: A case report
Authors: Al Hussien Hamzeh F. , Al‐Ekeer Basil N. , Serhan Hashem Abu , Haddadin Issam , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: February 2023

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDA) is a heterogeneous class of anemia of varying degrees of ineffective erythropoiesis and secondary hemochromatosis. We reported a case of CDA and showed our approach to reaching a diagnosis, highlighting the importance of the typical morphological appearance of bone marrow erythroblasts to reach the diagnosis.
Optimal Strategies of Mitigation Options for NOx Emissions in the Power Generation Industry
Authors: Alsebaeai Mohammed Karama , Ba-Shammakh Mohammed S. , Ahmad Abdul Latif , Al-shanini Ali
Published: February 2023

The power generation sector is considered one of the major contributors to nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions which have serious impacts on air quality. An optimization model is developed to help decision‐makers determine the best strategy or mix of strategies for the electricity sector to meet a given NOx reduction target and electricity demand at a minimum cost. The model recommended the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology to be applied at higher NOx emissions and the reduction reached up to 80 %. This potential option provides promising prospects for NOx emissions control, which is in line with the economic demand for sustainable energy and environmentally friendly technologies.
Gold Nanoparticles‐Titania Heterojunction: Photoelectrochemical Detection of Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Fumagalli Daniele , Comis Silvia , Pifferi Valentina , Falciola Luigi
Published: February 2023

A photoelectrochemical sensor composed of a heterojunction between titanium dioxide and gold nanoparticles was fabricated and used for the determination of ciprofloxacin, a widely used, but environmentally toxic third‐generation antibiotic. This material has been extensively characterized from the morphological, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical points of view, comparing it with the respective counterparts. It has been demonstrated that only the presence of the heterojunction allows the detection of ciprofloxacin, thanks to the properties of gold nanoparticles combined with those of titanium dioxide. These increased performances have allowed the detection of the analyte even with low power sources and wavelengths in the visible region, obtaining good detection limits and excellent resistance to possible interferents. Thanks to this, the future implementation of these sensors in integrated circuits for online and onsite analysis is foreseen.
Synthesis and Properties of Diphenylbenzo[j]naphtho[2,1,8‐def][2,7]phenanthrolines
Authors: Spruner von Mertz Franziska , Molenda Ricardo , Boldt Sebastian , Villinger Alexander , Ehlers Peter , Langer Peter
Published: February 2023

A series of hitherto unknown 5,14‐diphenylbenzo[j]naphtho[2,1,8‐def][2,7]phenanthrolines, containing a 5‐azatetracene and a 2‐azapyrene subunit, were prepared by combination of Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions with a one‐pot Povarov/cycloisomerization reaction. In the final key step four new bonds are formed in one step. The synthetic approach allows for a high degree of diversification of the heterocyclic core structure. The optical and electrochemical properties were studied experimentally and by DFT/TD‐DFT and NICS calculations. Due to the presence of the 2‐azapyrene subunit, the typical electronic nature and characteristics of the 5‐azatetracene moiety are lost and the compounds are electronically and optically more related to 2‐azapyrenes.
Claudin18.2 expression and clinicopathological features in cytology effusion specimens from gastric adenocarcinoma: A comparative study with tissue specimens
Authors: Dai Jiao , Zheng Heng , Jin Ju , Cheng Ye , Xu Haimiao
Published: February 2023

Background

Zolbetuximab (IMAB362) is under investigation for treating advanced gastrointestinal tumors because it targets Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2). CLDN18.2 is a promising molecule along with the presence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in gastric cancer. This study evaluated cell block (CB) preparations of serous cavity effusions for the feasibility for CLDN18.2 protein expression and compared the results with those of biopsy or resection specimens. The association of CLDN18.2 expression in effusion samples and the clinicopathological features were also investigated.

Methods

Cytological effusion specimens and matched surgical pathology biopsy or resection specimens of 43 gastric and gastroesophageal junctional cancer cases were stained for CLDN18.2 expression and quantified using immunohistochemistry based on the manufacturer's instructions.

Results

Positive staining was detected in 34 (79.1%) tissue and 27 (62.8%) effusion CB samples in this study. When “positivity” was defined as moderate‐to‐strong staining in ≥40% viable tumor cells, CLDN18.2 expression was observed in 24 (55.8%) tissue and 22 (51.2%) effusion CB samples. A cutoff of 40% for CLDN18.2 positivity was used to demonstrate high concordance (83.7%) between cytology CB and tissue specimens. The results showed that CLDN18.2 expression in effusion specimens correlated with tumor size (p = .021) but not with sex, age at diagnosis, primary tumor location, staging, Lauren phenotype, cytomorphologic features, or Epstein‐Barr virus infection. Cytological effusions with or without CLDN18.2 expression did not significantly affect overall survival.

Conclusions

This study's results show that serous body cavity effusions may be suitable for CLDN18.2 biomarker testing; however, discordant cases should be interpreted cautiously.
Modulating the Catalytic Properties of Bimetallic Atomic Catalysts: Role of Dangling Bonds and Charging
Authors: Guan Xin , Song Erhong , Gao Wang
Published: February 2023

Bimetallic atomic catalysts (BACs) exhibit great potential in CO2electroreduction. However, modulation and improvement of their catalytic performance are still challenging. To address these issues, an intrinsic descriptorψbased on the valence properties of active centers was used. The role of the dangling bonds and charging in modulating the catalytic properties of BACs called M1M2−N6−G (M1=Ru and Fe) was studied. It was shown that linear relationships between the adsorption energy of the C‐species are broken under the effect of the dangling bonds and that they are restored with charging. However, charging has minor effects on the adsorption of the O‐species. These findings enable screening promising BACs for CH3OH production. This research provides effective schemes for modulating the properties of catalysts, which is beneficial to enriching high‐performance catalysts for various reactions.
Multiplierless low‐cost implementation of Hindmarsh–Rose neuron model in case of large‐scale realization
Authors: Haghiri Saeed , Yahya Salah I. , Rezaei Abbas , Ahmadi Arash
Published: February 2023

Implementation of neural networks in case of hardware helps us to understand the different parts of the human brain operation, using artificial intelligence (AI). This paper presents a new model of the Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) Neuron that is based on basic polynomial functions called Nyquist‐look up table‐Hindmarsh–Rose (N‐LUT‐HR) based on an accurate sampling of the original model. The proposed approach is investigated in terms of its digital realization feasibility. According to high matching between the original and proposed terms, it is showed that the new modified model can follow all spiking patterns of primary model with low‐error computations. In hardware case, the proposed and original models are implemented on Xilinx FPGA XC2VP30 chip to validate different aspects of the simulation results. Hardware results demonstrate that our model regenerates the desired patterns in low‐cost and high‐frequency (speed‐up) in comparison with the other similar works. Overall saving in FPGA resources show that this new model is capable of being used in large‐scale networks in case of minimum required resources (FPGA costs). In addition, the analysis of hardware indicates that the new circuits can work in a maximum frequency of 123 MHz with 98.25% saving in FPGA costs (resources utilization of FPGA).
Fire modifies plant–soil feedbacks
Authors: Warneke Christopher R. , Yelenik Stephanie G. , Brudvig Lars A.
Published: February 2023

Although plant–soil feedbacks (interactions between plants and soils, often mediated by soil microbes, abbreviated as PSFs) are widely known to influence patterns of plant diversity at local and landscape scales, these interactions are rarely examined in the context of important environmental factors. Resolving the roles of environmental factors is important because the environmental context may alter PSF patterns by modifying the strength or even direction of PSFs for certain species. One important environmental factor that is increasing in scale and frequency with climate change is fire, though the influence of fire on PSFs remains essentially unexamined. By changing microbial community composition, fire may alter the microbes available to colonize the roots of plants and thus seedling growth post‐fire. This has potential to change the strength and/or direction of PSFs, depending on how such changes in microbial community composition occur and the plant species with which the microbes interact. We examined how a recent fire altered PSFs of two leguminous, nitrogen‐fixing tree species in Hawaiʻi. For both species, growing in conspecific soil resulted in higher plant performance (as measured by biomass production) than growing in heterospecific soil. This pattern was mediated by nodule formation, an important process for growth for legume species. Fire weakened PSFs for these species and therefore pairwise PSFs, which were significant in unburned soils, but were nonsignificant in burned soils. Theory suggests that positive PSFs such as those found in unburned sites would reinforce the dominance of species where they are locally dominant. The change in pairwise PSFs with burn status shows PSF‐mediated dominance might diminish after fire. Our results demonstrate that fire can modify PSFs by weakening the legume‐rhizobia symbiosis, which may alter local competitive dynamics between two canopy dominant tree species. These findings illustrate the importance of considering environmental context when evaluating the role of PSFs for plants.
Magnetic Field Controllable Photocurrent Properties in BiFe0.9Ni0.1O3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Laminate Thin Film
Authors: Huo Guanzhong , Wang Ke , Ye Qingying , Chen Shuiyuan , Su Chao , Zhang Yuxiang , Chen Guilin , Huang Zhigao
Published: February 2023

This paper reports a multifunctional magnetic‐photoelectric laminate device based on the integration of spintronic material (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3) and multiferroic (Ni‐doped BiFeO3), in which the repeatable modulation effect on the photoelectric properties were achieved by applying external magnetic fields. More obviously, photocurrent density (J) of the laminate was largely enhanced, the change rate of J up to 287.6% is obtained. This sensing function effect should be attributed to the low‐field magnetoresistance effect in perovskite manganite and the scattering of spin photoelectron in multiferroic material. The laminate perfectly combines the functions of sensor and controller, which can not only reflect the intensity of environmental magnetic field, but also modulate the photoelectric conversion performance. This work provides an alternative and facile way to realize multi‐degree‐of‐freedom control for photoelectric conversion performances and lastly miniaturize multifunction device.
Guidelines for in vitro testing of hypoglycemic components in food‐grade natural products
Authors: Zhao Min , Xin Mei‐Li , Zhao Ming‐Yue , Li Yue , Tian Jin‐Long
Published: February 2023

This paper introduces the in vitro test method of hypoglycemic components in food‐grade natural products. The specific steps and results of the experimental methods were introduced in detail, including enzyme inhibition test, inhibition kinetics test, multispectral analysis, cell screening model test, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics test. Through the above series of tests, we can judge whether the components in natural products have a lowering effect on blood glucose and analyze the mechanism of action.
T helper cell subsets: diversification of the field
Authors: Zielinski Christina E.
Published: February 2023

Polarized T helper cell (Th cell) responses are important determinants of host protection. Th cell subsets tailor their functional repertoire of cytokines to their cognate antigens to efficiently contribute to their clearance. In contrast, in settings of immune abrogation, these polarized cytokine patterns of Th cells can mediate tissue damage and pathology resulting in allergy or autoimmunity. Recent technological developments in single‐cell genomics and proteomics as well as advances in the high‐dimensional bioinformatic analysis of complex datasets have challenged the prevailing Th cell subset classification into Th1, Th2, Th17, and other subsets. Additionally, systems immunology approaches have revealed that instructive input from the peripheral tissue microenvironment can have differential effects on the overall phenotype and molecular wiring of Th cells depending on their spatial distribution. Th cells from the blood or secondary lymphoid organs are therefore expected to follow distinct rules of regulation. In this review, the functional heterogeneity of Th cell subsets will be reviewed in the context of new technological developments and T‐cell compartmentalization in tissue niches. This work will especially focus on challenges to the traditional boundaries of Th cell subsets and will discuss the underlying regulatory checkpoints, which could reveal new therapeutic strategies for various immune‐mediated diseases.
Modular Synthesis of Triarylamines and Poly(triarylamine)s through a Radical Mechanism
Authors: Sun Jie , Liu Zhenjiang , Jin Jian
Published: February 2023

A modular protocol for the triarylamine synthesis has been developed using diarylamines and electron‐rich arenes, such as phenols, as the building blocks. The KI/KIO4 system proves to be highly efficient for the cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of phenothiazines/phenoxazines with phenols/anilines. A wide range of functional groups attached to both coupling partners were well tolerated. Through the manipulation of reaction temperatures, the sequential assembly of bis‐triarylamines could be achieved to provide the unsymmetrically bis‐aminated phenols efficiently. Furthermore, the multiple aminated polyphenols were rapidly constructed in good to high yields by a single operation.
Multi‐Bandgap Quantum Dots Ensemble for Near‐Infrared Photovoltaics
Authors: Mahajan Chandan , Dambhare Neha V. , Biswas Arindam , Sharma Anjali , Shinde Dipak Dattatray , Rath Arup K.
Published: February 2023

Narrow bandgap quantum dots (QDs) are an important class of materials for near‐infrared (NIR) optoelectronic devices owing to their size‐tunable bandgap and chemical root processing. In photovoltaic applications, NIR QDs could be particularly useful to complement the sub‐bandgap transmission loss of NIR solar radiation from perovskite and c‐Si solar cells. However, insufficient carrier extraction thickness associated with the narrow NIR excitonic bandwidth of QDs limits the conversion efficacy of the broad NIR solar spectrum. Here, we utilize a multi‐bandgap QD ensemble which widens the NIR absorption bandwidth to mimic the broad solar spectrum. A solution‐phase ligand passivation strategy is used to control doping properties and energy level alignment of multi‐bandgap QDs. We successfully developed bulk‐heterojunction solar cells using the multi‐bandgap QD ensemble, which yields higher carrier extraction thickness and broader NIR absorption. The gain from NIR absorption and carrier transport resulted in higher short‐circuit current generation and power conversion efficiency (PCE) in solar cell devices. The champion device shows 8.73% PCE under 1.5 AM solar illumination and 7.44% and 5.05% PCE for the NIR photons transmitted from perovskite and c‐Si layers.
Profibrotic behavior of fibroblasts derived from patients that develop posttraumatic shoulder stiffness
Authors: Hendy Benjamin A. , Fertala Jolanta , Nicholson Thema , Abboud Joseph A. , Namdari Surena , Fertala Andrzej
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims

Arthrofibrosis is a severe scarring condition characterized by joint stiffness and pain. Fundamental to developing arthrofibrotic scars is the accelerated production of procollagen I, a precursor of collagen I molecules that form fibrotic deposits in affected joints. The procollagen I production mechanism comprises numerous elements, including enzymes, protein chaperones, and growth factors. This study aimed to elucidate the differences in the production of vital elements of this mechanism in surgical patients who developed significant posttraumatic arthrofibrosis and those who did not.

Methods

We studied a group of patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff. Utilizing fibroblasts isolated from the patients' rotator intervals, we analyzed their responses to profibrotic stimulation with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). We compared TGFβ1‐dependent changes in the production of procollagen I. We studied auxiliary proteins, prolyl 4‐hydroxylase (P4H), and heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), that control procollagen stability and folding. A group of other proteins involved in excessive scar formation, including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and fibronectin, was also analyzed.

Results

We observed robust TGFβ1‐dependent increases in the production of CTGF, HSP47, αSMA, procollagen I, and fibronectin in fibroblasts from both groups of patients. In contrast, TGFβ1‐dependent P4H production increased only in the stiff‐shoulder‐derived fibroblasts.

Conclusion

Results suggest P4H may serve as an element of a mechanism that modulates the fibrotic response after rotator cuff injury.
Estimation of soil mobilization rates by a rainy period and intense tillage practices in vineyards—A case study in the Maule region (Chile)
Authors: Lozano‐Parra Javier , Maldonado‐Clavelle Camila F. , Caballero‐Calvo Andrés , Pulido‐Fernández Manuel , Gyasi‐Agyei Yeboah , Rodrigo‐Comino Jesús
Published: February 2023

Winemaking in Chile is a long tradition that is recognized around the world. It is especially important in the Maule region where more than 40% of the total wine in the country is produced. However, there is a lack of studies related to soil erosion in vineyards in Chile, especially considering the extreme rainfall events that occur in the country. This research estimates soil erosion mobilization rates before and after a rainy season between April 2020 and May 2020 using the “improved stock unearthing method” on two inter‐row plots in a vineyard located in the Maule region of Chile. This method relies on the graft union as a bioindicator for assessing soil surface‐level changes. Maps of the soil surface were obtained to show how soil depletion and accumulation points within the inter‐row areas could be detected. It has been estimated that a total soil mobilization of 85.7 and 130 Mg ha yr−1 had occurred in the inter‐row areas 1 and 2, respectively, since the establishment of the plantation. However, a single rain event mobilized soil at rates of 5.5 and 3.5 Mg ha yr−1, respectively, in the inter‐row areas 1 and 2. We have demonstrated that erosive processes present in the study area exceed the rates of soil formation and the tolerable rates of erosion on a global scale. The results allow re‐thinking of agricultural practices and management of soil systems to improve the sustainability of conventional Chilean vineyards and their soils.
An analytical model for transverse velocity distributions of overbank flows with submerged and emergent vegetated floodplains
Authors: Liu Junzheng , Xu Haijue , Bai Yuchuan , Huang Zhe , Li Chang , Wen Zhichao , Ji Ziqing
Published: February 2023

The emergence of floodplain vegetation enhances the local drag and affects the velocity distribution of the overbank flow in a two‐stage channel. Numerous analytical models (e.g., the modified SKM models) have been established to simulate the transverse velocity distributions of overbank flows with vegetation. However, the dimensionless eddy viscosity (λ) was simplified to be a constant in these models when quantifying transverse momentum exchange. In this paper, we develop a novel analytical model to simulate the depth average velocity profiles of overbank flows with floodplain vegetation. Considering a micro‐hexahedral element on a vegetated‐bed area for a two‐stage rectangular channel, the governing equation of the vegetated overbank flow is derived. An improved eddy viscosity model that considers the transverse variation of the λ is employed to quantify the transverse momentum transfer, and a linear empirical function simplifies the secondary current. The simulated depth average velocities agreed well with the published measurements. In comparison with existing models, the proposed model shows better prediction accuracy, particularly in the shearing layer domain. More importantly, for the optimized model parameters, we found that the dimensionless eddy viscosity plays the most influential role when simulating depth‐averaged velocities in the shearing layer domain, whereas the drag force dominates for vegetated floodplains. This study provides a convenient method for predicting the flow velocity in overbank floods with vegetation.
A personal audit of private obstetric practice
Authors: Skehan Mark
Published: February 2023

This is a retrospective review of 7398 deliveries under the direct care of the author over 25 years, from data input on personal handheld computers at the time of delivery. A more detailed look at 409 deliveries over 2.5 years where all the case notes were studied was also undertaken. The rate of cesarean section is outlined. For the last 10 years of the study, the rate of cesarean section was maintained at 19%. This was in quite an elderly population. Two main factors seemed responsible for the relatively low rate of cesarean: vaginal births after cesarean (VBACs) and rotational Kiwi deliveries.
Radioiodination, purification, and evaluation of antihuman tumor‐derived immunoglobulin G light chain monoclonal antibody in tumor‐bearing nude mice
Authors: Sun Hongwei , Yan Ping , Wang Rongfu , Du Yujing , Zhang Chunli , Guo Fengqin , Kang Lei , Cui Yonggang
Published: February 2023

We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of 131I‐labeled antihuman tumor‐derived immunoglobulin G (IgG) light chain monoclonal antibody (4E9) ([131I]I‐4E9) as a promising probe for tumor imaging. [131I]I‐4E9 was synthesized in radiochemical yield of 89.9 ± 4.7% with radiochemical purity of more than 99%. [131I]I‐4E9 showed high stability in normal saline and human serum. In cell uptake studies, [131I]I‐4E9 exhibited favorable binding affinity and high specificity in HeLa MR cells. In biodistribution studies, [131I]I‐4E9 showed high tumor uptake, high tumor/non‐tumor ratios, and specific binding in BALB/c nu/nu mice bearing human HeLa MR xenografts. Single‐photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging of [131I]I‐4E9 in the HeLa MR xenograft model demonstrated clear visualization of tumor after 48 h and confirmed specific binding in tumor. These findings suggest that [131I]I‐4E9 possesses favorable biological characteristics and warrants further investigation as a prospective probe for imaging and treatment of cancers.
Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue With Left Ventricular Strain and MR Myocardial Perfusion in Patients With Known Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Zhu Jing , Xie Zhen , Huang Hao , Li Wenjia , Zhuo Kaimin , Bai Zhicheng , Huang Ruijue
Published: February 2023

Background

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may have a paracrine effect on coronary microcirculation and myocardium. However, it is unclear whether EAT is linked to cardiac function and perfusion.

Purpose

To investigate the association of EAT with left ventricular (LV) strain and myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 78 patients with CAD and 20 healthy controls. The patients were further divided into high (n = 39) and low EAT volume (n = 39) groups according to median EAT volume.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 1.5 T, balanced steady‐state free precession, inversion recovery prepared echo‐planar, and segmented‐turbo fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) phase‐sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) sequences.

Assessment

EAT volume was measured by manually tracing the epicardial border and the visceral layer of pericardium on the short‐axis cine stacks. LV strain parameters included global radial (GRS), circumferential (GCS), and longitudinal peak strain (GLS). Perfusion indices included upslope, perfusion index, time‐to‐maximum signal intensity (TTM), and maximum signal intensity (MaxSI).

Statistical Tests

One‐way analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis rank tests, Chi‐squared or Fisher exact tests. Multivariate linear regression analyses. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The parameters of GRS GCS, GLS, upslope, perfusion index, and MaxSI were significantly lower in the patients when compared to the controls. Moreover, the high EAT volume group presented significantly longer TTM values and lower GRS, GCS, GLS, upslope, perfusion index, and MaxSI than the low EAT volume group. Multivariate linear regression analyses demonstrated that EAT was independently associated with GRS, GCS, GLS, upslope, perfusion index, TTM, and MaxSI in patients. EAT and upslope were independently associated with GRS, while EAT and perfusion index were both independently associated with GCS and GLS.

Data Conclusion

EAT was associated with parameters of LV function and perfusion, and myocardial perfusion was independently associated with LV strain in patients with CAD.

Evidence Level

3.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3.
Comparison of life cycle assessments and nutritional contents of soy protein and wheat protein (seitan) based vegan bacon products for human and environmental health
Authors: Yusuf Emel Hasan
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

High amounts of meat consumption cause cardiometabolic diseases and higher mortality rates. Animal farming creates the highest amounts of methane emissions as a result of manure. Therefore, plant‐based meat analogues are popular among flexitarian, vegetarian and vegan consumers. Similar to other meat substitutes, plant‐based pork products are attractive both for manufacturers and consumers who are looking for healthy and environmentally friendly food solutions.

RESULTS

In the present study, soy protein and seitan protein‐based bacon food products were evaluated by life cycle assessment (LCA) for global warming, terrestrial acidification, terrestrial toxicity, water consumption, freshwater eutrophication and human carcinogenic toxicity. Moreover, the nutritional characteristics of plant‐based bacon products were compared with each other, and seitan protein‐based bacon demonstrated more elevated amounts of protein content than pork bacon. According to LCA, the present study has demonstrated the heating of plant‐based bacon products with induction, ceramic and electric stoves before consumption. The packaging and packaging materials of plant‐based bacon products showed lower environmental impacts compared to the high‐risk factors such as petroleum production and diesel combustion.

CONCLUSION

Soy protein and seitan‐based bacon alternatives were low in fat content, and seitan protein‐based bacon provides more protein content than original bacon. Moreover, the highest risks of environmental and human health effects of bacon substitutes have not come from individual activities and/or food production, but from side industries that cause the highest amounts of environmental issues crucial for food production and transportation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Implementing a diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility strategy: Lessons learned at five scholarly communications organizations
Authors: Wells Ajinkya Ashley , Gladfelter Graham Kimberly , Meadows Alice , Mehmani Bahar , Mukhopadhyay Rajendrani , Stanton Maria
Published: February 2023

Key points

Diversity, equity, inclusion and accessibility (DEIA) is of increasing strategic importance to a wide range of organizations, including scholarly publishers and other information organizations.

Many of these organizations are now embedding specific DEIA initiatives in their strategic goals, supported by the budget and resources necessary to successfully implement them—however, progress towards achieving these goals is often slow and incremental.

While different organizations may have different experiences and areas of focus, there are also many similarities, which can be widely drawn on by anyone seeking to improve DEIA in their own organization or community.

This article focuses on five very different information organizations represented in NISO's DEIA Committee, which are working on improving DEIA—American Chemical Society, Atla, Benetech, Elsevier, and NISO—in order to make recommendations for other organizations in this space, based on our shared experiences.
From working group to standing committee: A history of diversity, equity, inclusion and accessibility work at the Society for Scholarly Publishing
Authors: McLeod Rebecca , Snow Damita , Dormer Nick
Published: February 2023

Key points

The Society for Scholarly Publishing's (SSP) Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA) Committee began as a grassroots initiative in 2016.

Over a a period of 4 years, the committee evolved from a six‐member task force to a large standing team consisting of more than 25 individuals.

The task force developed a strategic plan consisting of three major objectives that formed the basis of the group's strategic initiatives. The committee implemented several DEIA nitiatives that provided education and resources to SSP members about DEIA within their workplaces and promoted DEIA practices in the work that SSP committees were doing on behalf of the organization.