bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Associations of and Interactions Between Intrapersonal and Perceived Environmental Factors With Objectively Assessed Physical Activity Among Rural Midwestern Adults, USA
Authors: Serrano Natalicio , Beck Alan , Salvo Deborah , Eyler Amy , Reis Rodrigo , Steensma Joseph T. , Gilbert Amanda , Brownson Ross C.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

We investigated associations of intrapersonal and environmental factors with objectively assessed weekly moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) minutes, and their interactions in rural adults.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

14 rural towns participating in a multilevel intervention to promote physical activity.

Sample

Baseline data from 241 rural community members (19% losses due to missing data).

Measures

Self-reported demographics, behavioral factors, and neighborhood environment perceptions. Weekly MVPA minutes were assessed using accelerometry data.

Analysis

Generalized linear models using a negative binomial distribution examined associations of and interactions between intrapersonal and environmental correlates with weekly MVPA.

Results

Older age (β = −1.37; P= .025) and identifying as a woman (β = −.71; p= <.001) were inversely associated with MVPA. Self-efficacy (β = .34; p = <.001) and trail use (β = .44; P-value = .003) were directly associated with MVPA. Further, among women, perceived safety from traffic was inversely associated with MVPA (β = −.37; P = .003), while indoor recreational facility access was directly associated with MVPA (β = .24; P = .045).

Conclusions

Rural residents, especially women, face disproportionately lower MVPA levels. Improving recreational access and self-efficacy may be effective strategies for increasing MVPA.
Patterns of Lipid Lowering Therapy Use Among Older Adults in a Managed Care Advantage Plan in the United States
Authors: Vadhariya Aisha , Sharma Manvi , Abughosh Susan M. , Birtcher Kim K. , Chen Hua , Mohan Anjana , Johnson Michael L.
Published: October 2022

Background: The prevalence of cardiovascular events is increasing. There are many new lipids lowering therapies available in recent years. Increased evidence through literature and guidelines suggests that the use of lipid lowering therapy (LLT) benefits patients who are at risk for cardiovascular events. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the current LLT use as well as patterns of treatment modification among adults ≥ 65 years. Methods: A retrospective analysis of administrative claims data between January 2016 and May 2018 was conducted. Patients with a LLT refill and continuous enrollment during 1-year prior and 1-year follow-up were identified. The treatment episodes captured were interruption of therapy, intensity changes, dose changes, treatment augmentation, switching, and discontinuation. An analysis of treatment patterns among patients ≥75 years was also performed. Results: The study included 14,360 patients with a LLT of which 99% of patients were on statins as monotherapy or combination. Overall non-statin therapy use either as monotherapy or combination was 2.1%. There were significant differences among new initiators and existing users of therapy. Among prevalent users 57.4% had no changes in the follow-up period, 13.6% interrupted therapy, and 6.6% discontinued. Among new users, 47.9% patients had interrupted therapy, 25% had no changes, and 21.9% discontinued therapy. Conclusion: Most patients were on monotherapy and statins with low non-statin use. The new users among them were more likely to discontinue and interrupt therapy, highlighting the limitations and issues that older patients face that need to increase adherence.
A magnetic soft robot with rolling and grasping capabilities
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Bo Zhihui , Guo Canzhi , Wu Jiaoyi , Liu Youwen , Sun Wan
Published: October 2022

Soft robots offer a great application potential in the field of military, medical, and industry. In this study, a rolling gait was adopted to the design of the soft robot so as to improve the locomotion velocity of the soft robot actuated by the magnetic field. The soft robot was fabricated as a square frame structure (6 × 6 × 0.6 mm) to achieve grasping function. The experimental results indicated that the designed soft robot could roll on a slope with a maximum inclination around 30° under the given conditions. The velocity of the soft robot during the rolling process would decrease with the increase of the inclination. Meanwhile, the soft robot could carry objects 3.75 times its own weight when it rolled on a level pavement. Further analysis and experiments suggested that the rolling locomotion of the soft robot relied on the magnetic torque and the friction force. The locomotion velocity of the soft robot was related to the perimeter of the contour composed of the soft robot and the object being grasped. Moreover, a modular assembly strategy was proposed to improve the locomotion and grasping performance of the soft robot. The findings of this work will help to promote the application of untethered soft robots.
Evaluation of mechanical and physical properties of coconut fibre biocomposite reinforced with soya adhesive
Authors: Kumar Nutenki Shravan , Buddi Tanya , Mwema Fredrick Madaraka , Durga Rajesh Kanchu Venkata
Published: October 2022

In the present study, the investigation is to analyse the probability of using natural fibre-reinforced composites for structural applications. The availability, ample accessibility, and low cost of natural coconut fibres have gained their commercial value for some applications, such as panels, ceilings, partition boards, and automotive components. Coconut fibres (10, 20, and 30 mm) of 15% by weight and soybean adhesive of 85% of weight coconut fibre bio-composites (CFC) were manufactured. CFC-10, CFC-20, and CFC-30 are the different samples prepared by varying the size of the coconut fibres, respectively. Physical properties such as thickness swelling, water absorption, and mechanical properties such as flexural strength, and tensile strength were analysed. It was found that the CFC-10 composite is showing better results. As compared to the other natural fibres, it is observed that coconut fibres have given better results in both mechanical and physical aspects.
Hydrocarbon regulation and lower temperature pyrolysis of balikun oil shale kerogen
Authors: Liu Fei , Shi Weiguang , Liu Tianbao , Li Wei , Sun Liang , Liu Xiangbin , Zhao Changming , Li Benxian , Deng Sunhua , Dong Zhaohui , Xu Chengwu , Fu Xiaofei , Yan Xiuling
Published: October 2022

Oil shale kerogen is a kind of composite nature of fossil energy polymer. Kerogen pyrolysis is a feasible and alternative strategy to produce fossil fuels from shales. However, the disadvantages including the high energy consumption, the high cost, and the low hydrocarbon conversion, significantly hinder the development and utilization of unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Herein, the hexagonal crystal structural layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with the Ni/Fe ratio of 5.64:2.36 is proposed as pyrolysis catalyst to improve the catalytic efficiency, the selectivity of target hydrocarbons, and lower the temperature for the process of kerogen pyrolysis. As a result, needle-like nanoscale NiFe-LDHs are prepared successfully to perform the fast thermal upgrading of Balikun oil shale kerogen. The catalytic pyrolysis performance has been observed that the temperature for maximum conversion (Tmax) is 401.18 °C, presenting a Tmax reduction of 37.84 °C, the yield of shale oil is increased by 7.83 wt%. And during 350°C– 400°C, a progressive increment of 147.67%, 230.86%, and 310.61% is obtained corresponding to the content of C1-C5, C6-C14, and C14 + hydrocarbons, respectively. This finding enriches the catalyst candidates for kerogen pyrolysis and provides new insights into industrial applications of in-situ pyrolysis technology for oil shale recovery processes.
Understanding nurses’ justification of restraint in a neurosurgical setting: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Guenna Holmgren Amina , von Vogelsang Ann-Christin , Lindblad Anna , Juth Niklas
Published: October 2022

Background

Despite its negative impact on patients and nurses, the use of restraint in somatic health care continues in many settings. Understanding the reasons and justifications for the use of restraint among nurses is crucial in order to manage this challenge.

Aim

To understand nurses’ justifications for restraint use in neurosurgical care.

Research design

A qualitative, descriptive design was used. Data were analysed with inductive qualitative content analysis.

Participants and research context

Semi-structured interviews with 15 nurses working in three neurosurgical departments in Sweden.

Ethical considerations

Approved by The Regional Ethics Committee, Stockholm, Sweden.

Findings

The analysis resulted in three categories. The category Patient factors influencing restraint use describes patient factors that trigger restraint, such as a diminished decision-making competence, restlessness, and need for invasive devices. The category Specific reasons for justifying restraint describes reasons for restraining patients, such as restraint being used for the sake of the patient or for the sake of others. The category General reasoning in justifying restraint describes how nurses reason when using restraint, and the decision to use restraint was often based on a consequentialist approach where the nurses’ weighed the pros and cons of different alternatives.

Discussion

Nurses with experience of restraint use were engaged in a constant process of justifying and balancing different options and actions. Restraint was considered legitimate if the benefit exceeded the suffering, but decisions on which restraint measures to use and when to use them depended on the values of the individual nurse.

Conclusion

How nurses reason when justifying restraint, why they use restraint, and who they use restraint on must be considered when creating programs and guidelines to reduce the use of restraint and to ensure that when it is used it is used carefully, appropriately, and with respect.
A Systematic Literature Review on Social Media Marketing in Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Kanth Grishma , Prasad R. Siva Rama
Published: October 2022

This article intends to systematically examine and review the current studies on social media marketing in the small and medium enterprise sector. The research also intends to synthesise and organise the unique aspects covered in these studies and further understand how these various issues related to social media marketing were addressed in these studies. The review covers 48 articles, collected from peer-reviewed journals from 2009 to 2019. These articles are then classified in different categories based on the central theme of research, research design of the study, theoretical model used in the study, country of study and social media platform used in the research. The findings of the review provide an overview of the categories as well as the most widely used subcategory for each classification, along with upcoming trends and tendencies in social media marketing.
Concepts as Mirrors and Torches: Rigor and Relevance as Scholarly Performativity
Authors: Thompson Neil Aaron , Byrne Orla , Dimov Dimo
Published: October 2022

This article aims to further the rigor and relevance discussion in entrepreneurship studies. It argues that tensions arise due to an adherence to a rigor-as-correspondence perspective, which can be addressed through the advancement of a rigor-as-performativity perspective. Entrepreneurship concepts are tools used to define, represent, and explain entrepreneurial experience, yet how these tools hook onto the world is a question of performance and application rather than unambiguous correspondence. We advocate for a view of rigor and relevance that appreciates the torch-like features of concepts—how they help entrepreneurs deal with the world so that they may fulfil their intentions—whilst retaining an understanding that the future is unknowable and change a constant.
Crafting and Assessing Design Science Research for Entrepreneurship
Authors: Dimov Dimo , Maula Markku , Romme A. Georges L.
Published: October 2022

Recognizing the importance of various types of artifacts for entrepreneurship, design science (DS) has been proposed as an inclusive approach that combines relevance and rigor. By enabling researchers to go beyond their traditional roles as observers and analysts of established artifacts to help design new artifacts, DS can improve the relevance of entrepreneurship research. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on how this type of research can be published in leading entrepreneurship journals. In this editorial, we seek to provide practical guidance on how to craft and assess DS studies that target Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice (ETP) and other top-tier journals.
Intrinsic Traits Such as Personality and Decision-Making Style are Predictive of Stress in Surrogate Decision-Makers
Authors: Van Scoy Lauren J. , Bliton Chloe F. , Smith Theresa , Badzek Laurie , Green Michael J. , Levi Benjamin H. , Foy Andrew J.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Despite its prominence in psychology, little is known about how personality traits play a role in the stress experiences of surrogate decision-makers. We tested the hypothesis that intrinsic traits (personality and decision-making styles) would be related to surrogates’ stress in order to learn whether screening or tailoring interventions based on personality traits could help support surrogate decision-makers. Methods: This pre-specified secondary analysis evaluated data from an interventional study with dyads of patients with advanced chronic illness and their spokespersons. Measures included stress after decision-making or patient death (Impact of Events-Revised), personality (Big Five Index; BFI) and decision-making style (maximization and regret scales). Multivariate linear regressions explored the impact of personality on the stress experience; linear regressions independently modeled the impact of maximization and regret on the stress experience. Results: Of 38 spokespersons, 89.5% were women, 97.4% non-Hispanic, and 29.0% had a college degree or higher. In univariate analyses, total stress was correlated with neuroticism (r = .56, P < .01), higher scores on the regret (r = .55, P < .01) and maximization (r = .48, P < .05). In adjusted models, BFI was significantly associated with total stress (R2 = 27.08, P = .02). However, only neuroticism was independently associated with total stress. Conclusions: Personality traits, particularly neuroticism, and decision-making styles predicted heightened stress in spokespersons of patients with advanced chronic illness. If ACP interventions are intended to reduce spokesperson stress, personality and decision-making style scales may help identify spokespersons most likely to benefit from ACP interventions.
Clinical Outcomes and Treatment Strategies in Patients With Non-Carbapenemase-producing Carbapenem-Resistant Versus Carbapenem-Susceptible Enterobacterales Infections
Authors: Debnath Ashita , Pillinger Kelly E. , Martin Alysa J. , Dobrzynski David , Cameron Andrew , Shulder Stephanie
Published: October 2022

Background:

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are difficult to treat and can cause significant morbidity and mortality, however most data reflect carbapenemase-producing infections.

Objective:

Our objective was to evaluate clinical outcomes of non-carbapenemase-producing CRE (nCP-CRE) compared with carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE) infections.

Methods:

This was a retrospective, multicenter, observational study (January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020). The primary outcome was clinical success at 30 days with secondary outcomes, including clinical success at 90 days, clinical success based on treatment for nCP-CRE, persistent bacteremia, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of stay, and rate of Clostridioides difficile or multidrug resistant infections.

Results:

The final analysis included 211 patients: 142 (67%) with CSE and 69 (33%) with nCP-CRE infections. Prior carbapenem exposure was more common with nCP-CRE (15% vs 4%, P = 0.01). Clinical success at 30 days was similar between groups (77% vs 74%, P = 0.73). There were no differences in secondary outcomes. There was an overall low use of carbapenems (empiric 6%, definitive 7%). Most nCP-CRE infections were treated with a monotherapy carbapenem-sparing regimen (empiric 88%, definitive 90%). Limitations include the retrospective design and the high rate of urinary infections.

Conclusion and Relevance:

Our study found no difference in clinical outcomes between nCP-CRE and CSE infections. Application of this study with future studies would help in determining optimal regimens for these infections.
Stress concentration around a circular rigid inclusion in incompressible nonlinearly elastic transversely isotropic and orthotropic thin sheets under uniaxial extension
Authors: Myneni Manoj , Rajagopal Kumbakonam Ramamani
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we study the stress concentration around a circular rigid inclusion in an incompressible anisotropic homogeneous nonlinearly elastic thin sheet subjected to in-plane finite deformation uniaxial extension. Two classes of material symmetry are considered: transverse isotropy and orthotropy. For the case of transverse isotropy, a three-parameter constitutive relation that under infinitesimal deformations reduces appropriately to the classical incompressible linearized elastic transversely isotropic constitutive relation is studied. Similarly, a six-parameter constitutive relation is considered for the case of orthotropic material symmetry. These constitutive relations may be suitable to describe the response of transversely isotropic and orthotropic bodies subjected to moderate deformations.
On the problem of generalization in cultural psychology: Aesthetics, generalizability, and dialogical research
Authors: Cresswell James , Melnyk Jocelyn , Diaz Rita
Published: October 2022

A recent special issue of Culture & Psychology focused on dialogic research and the problem of generalizing research from one context to another. A challenge is that the special issue bypassed a crucial discussion of aesthetics, which is a core feature of dialogical research that is important in the discussion about generalization. Using a dialogical approach influenced by Bakhtin, we discuss aesthetics and how it inspires dialogic research. Two features of dialogical research are discussed herein to show where we align with the authors of the special issue: expressed realities (socio-communally constituted realties lived as if given) and ethics. Expressed realities and ethics are foundational for aesthetics and so we seek to add the discussion of aesthetics to the conversation initiated in the special issue. In our efforts to discuss these ideas, we draw upon illustrative examples from interviews about the role of the church in poverty reduction.
Enhancing sport education experiences through service-learning
Authors: García López Luis M. , Gutiérrez David , González-Martí Irene , Segovia Yessica , MacPhail Ann
Published: October 2022

In this study, we explore the extent to which service-learning (SL) can enhance the educational potential of sport education (SE), with a view to contributing to a positive transition for students from primary to secondary school. Seventeen teachers and 435 eleven- to sixteen-year-olds across five SE networks participated in this study, in which an SL experience was embedded in the SE season. All the networks included one intact group of secondary school students and between one and three intact groups of primary school students. The programme comprised between 18 and 21 physical education (PE) lessons for each secondary school group, and between 14 and 18 PE lessons for each primary school group. A total of 40 volunteer secondary school students (28 girls and 12 boys) performed the role of SL coordinators, coaching primary school students in several sessions. The data were obtained through focus groups with students and primary school teachers and interviews with secondary school teachers during and after the programme implementation. The results were analysed through the lens of situated learning. The integration of SE and SL has led both to legitimate peripheral participation and real participation in the community of practice, through the connection established by SE roles. SL reconfigures SE, allowing purposes that might be of significant educational relevance to be addressed, such as a positive transition from primary to secondary school. The secondary school students who acted as SL coordinators assumed their responsibilities to a greater degree than in previous SE seasons and gained a deeper understanding of the roles.
The critical theory of society: From its Young-Hegelian core to its key concept of possibility
Authors: Strydom Piet
Published: October 2022

Responding to a call for systematic contributions on the theory of society, the principle aim of this article is to recover and reconstruct the Young-Hegelian core of critical theory’s theory of the dialectical development of society and, on that basis, to project its creative research-based continuation by analysing its largely neglected key concept of possibility. The acknowledgement of the critical theory lineage’s naturalist, realist and especially idealist features leads this reconstruction to ascribe a central role to certain pivotal concepts that deserve special attention – including nature, the construction of society, evolution, immanent–transcendence and the conceptual conditions or cognitive order of society. A side effect of this theoretical exposition is the exposure in the course of the argument of certain weaknesses often visible in the contemporary articulation of the theory of society in both critical theory and general social theory. Conceptual solutions to those deficiencies are simultaneously presented in a form appropriate to critical theory’s modal-based negative explanatory and positive disclosing critique.
Strategic partnerships and China’s diplomacy in Europe: Insights from Italy
Authors: Boni Filippo
Published: October 2022

As discussions of a ‘new cold war’ between China and the West intensify, it has never been more important to understand how China engages internationally. Crucially, as of 2022, China has established 110 ‘strategic partnerships’, without stipulating any formal treaty of alliance, but we know little about strategic partnerships and how China uses them, despite their centrality as a foreign policy tool. Departing from the assumption of the state as a unitary and monolithic actor in international affairs, this article proposes a new framework of strategic partnerships which incorporates sub-state entities as well as an ideational component, highlighting the image-building purpose that these partnerships serve. Empirically, the analysis focuses on the evolution of the Sino-Italian strategic partnership, drawing on a critical discourse analysis of 1294 news articles published as part of the agreement between the Chinese and Italian news agencies Xinhua and ANSA.
The impact of leadership on employee presenteeism: A comparison between police and non-police samples
Authors: Hinse Eliane , Mathieu Cynthia
Published: October 2022

Leader support is an essential factor influencing worker health and stress. Police officers are part of a class of workers who must deal with a high level of stress. Significant stress can lead to the onset of symptoms of psychological distress, which can lead to presenteeism (employees are present but suffer from mental health symptoms). However, we note that few studies focus on police leadership and job-related-stress presenteeism. Therefore, the current research is relevant and aims to demonstrate the link between the leadership style (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire) on presenteeism (Job-Stress-Related Presenteeism measure) for police and non-police samples. A total of 252 employees, police officers (municipal organization) and blue-collar workers (public organization) completed the questionnaires. The results indicated that, for both samples, transformational leadership did not significantly influence job-stress presenteeism. Laissez-faire leadership had a strong negative effect on police and non-police employees’ job-related stress presenteeism scores. Finally, a transactional leadership style predicted higher levels of job-related-stress presenteeism for our non-police (blue-collar) sample; it did not significantly influence job-stress-related presenteeism for our police sample. These results highlight the importance of leadership style on employee well-being, and the implications of these results are discussed.
Optimization-aided design: two approaches for reflective exploration of design search space
Authors: Wang Likai
Published: October 2022

The role of using performance-based design optimization in early-stage architectural design to prevent poorly designed buildings has been increasingly recognized by researchers and designers. Recently, a large amount of research has been made focusing on technical advancement, which, however, also reflects the limited research on how this technique can be applied to the design process and how it can aid designers when confronting ill-defined design problems. In this regard, this paper centers on the design approaches assisted by using performance-based design optimization. The paper proposes two optimization-aided design approaches that were identified in the previous applications of a design tool, called EvoMass, and showcases these approaches in case-study designs. The case studies demonstrate how the use of performance-based design optimization can facilitate designers’ reflection and exploration. With the demonstration of the design approaches, we discuss the utility of performance-based design optimization in assisting architects in the early design stages.
Digital nationalism versus gender politics in post-reform China: Gender-issue debates on Zhihu
Authors: Peng Altman Yuzhu
Published: October 2022

This article aims to determine how digital nationalism influences gender politics in the context of gender-issue debates on Chinese social media platforms. To this end, I present an original case study, collecting empirical data from the most popular Chinese community question-answering (CQA) website, Zhihu. By using a mixed-method research design, consisting of content analysis (CA) and critical discourse analysis (CDA), I explored gender-issue debates between Chinese internet users. The analysis reveals how such debates inform divided opinions between women and men internet users, and how misogynistic men invoke a nationalist discourse to distort the debates.
The spectacle of/as the state: The 2016 coup in Turkey and the performance of sovereignty
Authors: Miles Caitlin Marie
Published: October 2022

Examining the settings of the 2016 coup attempt in Turkey, this paper traces the relationship between state power, agency and media. On 15 July 2016, reports emerged through social networking sites and other mainstream media of armoured military tanks blocking the entrances to the Bosphorus and Fatih Sultan Mehmet bridges in Istanbul. Appearing via FaceTime on CNN Türk, President Erdoğan called people onto the streets to confront the occupying forces. Following the foiled coup attempt, officials praised the public for using communication technology to topple the coup plotters. I juxtapose the different settings where the coup unfolded to argue these events are symbolic phenomena, underscoring how the imaginary of ‘national unity’ is mediated to (re)affirm state power.
Communicating the Biodiversity Crisis: From “Warnings” to Positive Engagement
Authors: de Lange Emiel , Sharkey William , Castelló y Tickell Sofia , Migné Julia , Underhill Ralph , Milner-Gulland E.J.
Published: October 2022

Background: Effective communication can play a vital role in societal transformations towards sustainability and biodiversity restoration. However, the complexity and long-term nature of environmental change presents a communication challenge. If not carefully navigated, messages around environmental degradation can lead to audience disengagement and issue fatigue, at a time when motivation, engagement and positive action is required. Methods: In this Conservation in Action piece, we describe the principles of positive communication, which are being adopted by a growing movement of conservation organizations. We support this approach by reviewing evidence on the role of emotions in decision-making from diverse fields such as psychology and communications, paying particularly close attention to the experiences of climate change communicators. Results: Positive emotional experiences, including feelings of hope, collective efficacy, and the warm glow that follows actions aligned with intrinsic values, can play an essential role in sustaining actions that contribute to transformative change. While negative emotions prime specific action tendencies, positive emotions enable creativity, cooperation, and resilience, which are all essential for overcoming the challenging nature of acting on the biodiversity crisis. Conclusions: Communications from conservation researchers and practitioners need to reflect the reality of the biodiversity crisis. While some communications may seek to motivate action through warnings and threats, messages that trigger positive emotions in audiences can help inspire long-term engagement and action. We suggest that this positive communication approach is underutilized. Implications: We present a guide to help those working in conservation convey their messages in ways that are empowering and positive. As the biodiversity crisis intensifies, it is critical that conservation professionals continue to imagine and develop pathways to a better future and communicate with others in society in a way that supports transformative change towards this future.
Pathophysiology, prognosis and treatment of tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroyoshi , Mori Yasuhiro , Tsutsumi Yuichiro
Published: October 2022

Tardive dyskinesia (TD), a movement disorder associated with antipsychotics, most frequently affects the lower face and jaw muscles, but can also affect walking, breathing and use of the hands and limbs. Knowledge of TD among physicians may be limited, and the pathophysiology of TD is poorly understood. We conducted this review to summarise the current knowledge surrounding the pathophysiology of TD and present recommendations for prevention and treatment based on a literature search and roundtable discussion attended by psychiatrists in Japan. It has been suggested that dopamine hypersensitivity, damaged gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons and/or increased production of reactive oxygen species may contribute to development of TD. Symptoms can profoundly affect everyday life; patients who develop TD have poorer prognoses, worse health-related quality of life, greater social withdrawal and higher mortality than patients without TD. Traditional treatment options include dietary supplements, although evidence for their effectiveness is low. Among pharmaceutical interventions, there is moderate evidence that switching to the second-generation antipsychotic clozapine, which has a lower affinity for dopamine D2 receptors than other antipsychotics, may improve symptoms. Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT-2) inhibitors, which oppose the increased dopaminergic activity associated with prolonged antipsychotic use by interfering with dopamine uptake and storage, have the strongest evidence for efficacy. VMAT-2 inhibitors are approved in the United States for the treatment of TD, and the first VMAT-2 inhibitor was approved in Japan for this indication in March 2022. Most guidelines recommend treating TD by first reducing the dose of antipsychotics or switching to clozapine or other second-generation antipsychotics, which have a lower association with TD than first-generation antipsychotics. We recommend focusing on prevention and monitoring for TD when prescribing antipsychotics, given that TD is often irreversible. Physicians should treat with antipsychotics only when necessary and at the lowest effective dose, and frequently monitor for TD symptoms.

Plain Language Summary

[Figure: see text] Plain Language Summary ( In Japanese )

Visual Summary

[Figure: see text] Visual Summary ( In Japanese )
A smart healthcare-based system for classification of dementia using deep learning
Authors: Lim Jihye
Published: October 2022

Objectives

This study aims to develop a deep learning-based classification model for early detection of dementia using a wearable device that can measure the electrical conductivity of the skin, temperature, and movement as factors related to dementia, interlocking them with an application, and analyzing the collected data.

Methods

This study was conducted on 18 elderly individuals (5 males, 13 females) aged 65 years or older who consented to the study. The Korean Mini-Mental State Examination survey for cognitive function tests was conducted by well-trained researchers. The subjects were first grouped into high- or low-risk group for dementia based on their Korean Mini-Mental State Examination score. Data obtained by wearable devices of each subject were then used for the classification of the high- and low-risk groups of dementia through a smart healthcare-based system implementing a deep neural network with scaled principal component analysis. The correlation coefficients between the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination score and the featured data were also investigated.

Results

Our study showed that the proposed system using a deep neural network with scaled principal component analysis was effective in detecting individuals at high risk for dementia with up to 99% accuracy and which performance was better compared with commonly used classification algorithms. In addition, it was found that the electrical conductivity of skin had the closest correlation with the results of the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination score among data collected through wearable devices in this study.

Conclusions

Our proposed system can contribute to effective early detection of dementia for the elderly, using a non-invasive and easy-to-wear wearable device and classification algorithms with a simple cognitive function test. In the future, we intend to have more subjects participate in the experiment, to include more relevant variables in the wearable device, and to analyze the effectiveness of the smart healthcare-based dementia classification system over the long term.
La adquisición de la notación musical desde la perspectiva del sujeto que aprende. Un estudio en jóvenes sin estudios musicales específicos
Authors: Burcet María Inés , Beltramone Camila María , Uzal Sofía Belén , Rigotti Sofía Melina
Published: October 2022

Este trabajo trata acerca del rol que se le asigna al sujeto que aprende en el proceso de adquisición de la notación musical. Con el fin de conocer las hipótesis de lectura que proponen quienes no conocen la notación musical, se desarrollaron una serie de entrevistas individuales a 40 jóvenes de entre 18 y 25 años. Los entrevistados debían señalar entre 4 partituras la que consideraban más adecuada para representar diferentes canciones del repertorio infantil tradicional, justificando en cada caso su elección. Se analizaron las justificaciones y, de acuerdo con los elementos y relaciones mencionados, se definieron cinco tipos de respuestas.

Todos los sujetos lograron establecer asociaciones entre las canciones y las partituras proponiendo hipótesis acerca de los principios que sustentan la notación musical. Esto evidenciaría que los jóvenes, al encontrarse con un sistema de representación altamente normalizado no esperan obtener conocimiento específico para poder interactuar con la partitura

Este estudio tendría importantes derivaciones para la educación musical, especialmente para el desarrollo de un enfoque que permita pensar el proceso de adquisición y apropiación de la notación musical desde la perspectiva del sujeto que aprende.
Derecho a la educación musical en la escuela
Authors: Mateiro Teresa
Published: October 2022

En este artículo se trata el derecho a la música y a la vida cultural y artística en el contexto de la escuela pública brasileña a partir de dos investigaciones empíricas: una, que considera los relatos de estudiantes de Máster en Educación Musical sobre las experiencias que tuvieron con la música en el contexto escolar y, otra, que se refiere a los conciertos didácticos desarrollados por estudiantes en prácticas durante dos años en escuelas públicas de educación básica. Para comprender el contexto brasileño, se analizan algunos períodos históricos de la educación musical a la luz de las políticas educativas. La Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, la Convención de los Derechos del Niño, los Cinco Derechos a la Música, así como autores que relacionan la educación y la cultura fundamentaron el debate. Se defienden los siguientes principios: la música como área de conocimiento; la escuela como espacio democrático y participativo; la cultura como contenido de la educación; y el derecho humano como deseo y necesidad. La música, en la realidad brasileña de los últimos 50 años, no es un conocimiento accesible a todos como materia curricular y, por lo tanto, no se considera un derecho. Los derechos de la música deben formar parte de la agenda educativa, al igual que las demás artes.
The Inpatient Experience of Emerging Adults: Transitioning From Pediatric to Adult Care
Authors: Driver Daniel , Berlacher Michelle , Harder Stephen , Oakman Nicole , Warsi Maryam , Chu Eugene S
Published: October 2022

The pediatric-to-adult care transition has been correlated with worse outcomes, including increased mortality. Emerging adults transitioning from child-specific healthcare facilities to adult hospitals encounter marked differences in environment, culture, and processes of care. Accordingly, emerging adults may experience care differently than other hospitalized adults. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to a large urban safety net hospital and compared all domains of patient experience between patients in 3 cohorts: ages 18 to 21, 22 to 25, and 26 years and older. We found that patient experience for emerging adults aged 18 to 21, and, to a lesser extent, aged 22 to 25, was significantly and substantially worse as compared to adults aged 26 and older. The domains of worsened experience were widespread and profound, with a 38-percentile difference in overall experience between emerging adults and established adults. While emerging adults experienced care worse in nearly all domains measured, the greatest differences were found in those pertinent to relationships between patients and care providers, suggesting a substantial deficit in our understanding of the preferences and values of emerging adults.
Business-to-Business Value Co-creation: Suppliers’ Perspective of Essential Information Systems Capabilities
Authors: Sore Sariseelia , Saunila Minna , Ukko Juhani , Helkkula Anu
Published: October 2022

We focus on the digital solution supplier’s perspective to analyse which information systems (IS) capabilities are essential for business-to-business (B2B) value co-creation. To gain a deeper understanding of the issue, a qualitative multi-case study was used. The results show that the focus of digital solutions in business has changed and shifted from the technical functions of solutions to the need for supplier and customer to work towards a common goal. The study proposes that, in advanced digital solutions, all parts of the solution development process require co-creation, either direct or indirect. In particular, forming IS–business partnerships, one of the spanning capabilities which integrates with internal organizational processes shows great potential in value co-creation. Originality builds on the understanding of which IS capabilities are essential when advanced digital solution suppliers offer services to their customers in the B2B context. This outcome contributes to the IS capabilities literature by showing the shift in focus from technically oriented capabilities to relationship-oriented capabilities in value co-creation.
Being at Leisure in blue spaces: The role of Leisure in amplifying the well-being benefits of the seaside
Authors: Jarratt David , Gammon Sean , Davies Nick , Ward Jason
Published: October 2022

This article utilises work from Leisure Studies and various elements of Psychology (Leisure and Ecological Psychology in particular) to frame an empirical exploration of the leisure health receptor theory. We question if being in a leisure state of mind magnifies the feelings of well-being experienced in blue spaces (aquatic environments), namely, the promenade areas of seaside resorts in North-West England. We surveyed two groups in these places, those in a leisure state of mind and those who were not, asking how they viewed these blue spaces and how they made them feel – within the context of leisure and well-being. We devised a Seaside Well-being Index, which summarised well-being-related positive feelings about these leisure and work experiences at the coast. The key finding was that being in a leisure state of mind accentuates feelings of well-being associated with exposure to blue spaces. We also consider the role of savouring and affordance in this process. The potential impact of this research is to encourage a scholarly conversation on the role that leisure mind-states can play in improving well-being outcomes associated with blue spaces – not just in theory but in well-being-related interventions by practitioners.
EVI1 exerts distinct roles in AML via ERG and cyclin D1 promoting a chemoresistant and immune-suppressive environment
Authors: Masamoto Yosuke , Chiba Akira , Mizuno Hideaki , Hino Toshiya , Hayashida Hiroki , Sato Tomohiko , Bando Masashige , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Kurokawa Mineo
Published: October 2022

Aberrant expression of ecotropic viral integration site-1 (EVI1+) is associated with very poor outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), mechanisms of which are only partially understood. Using the green fluorescent protein reporter system to monitor EVI1 promoter activity, we demonstrated that Evi1high KMT2A-MLLT1–transformed AML cells possess distinct features from Evi1low cells: the potential for aggressive disease independent of stem cell activity and resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy, along with the consistent gene expression profiles. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing in EVI1-transformed AML cells and normal hematopoietic cells combined with functional screening by cell proliferation–related short hairpin RNAs revealed that the erythroblast transformation–specific transcription factor ERG (E26 transformation-specific [ETS]-related gene) and cyclin D1 were downstream targets and therapeutic vulnerabilities of EVI1+ AML. Silencing Erg in murine EVI1+ AML models severely impaired cell proliferation, chemoresistance, and leukemogenic capacity. Cyclin D1 is also requisite for efficient EVI1-AML development, associated with gene expression profiles related to chemokine production and interferon signature, and T- and natural killer–cell exhaustion phenotype, depending on the interferon gamma (IFN-γ)/STAT1 pathway but not on CDK4/CDK6. Inhibiting the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway alleviated immune exhaustion and impaired EVI1-AML development. Overexpression of EVI1 and cyclin D1 was associated with IFN-γ signature and increased expression of chemokines, with increased exhaustion molecules in T cells also in human AML data sets. These data collectively suggest that ERG and cyclin D1 play pivotal roles in the biology of EVI1+ AML, where ERG contributes to aggressive disease nature and chemoresistance, and cyclin D1 leads to IFN-γ signature and exhausted T-cell phenotypes, which could potentially be targeted.
Successful treatment with repeated dexamethasone implant injections for recurrent macular edema after acute retinal necrosis
Authors: Sørland Ragnhild Øvstebø , Erichsen Anne Kjersti , Jonsdottir Thora Elisabet , Bromnes Marius Nordberg , Lauritzen Peter Mæhre , Eidet Jon Roger
Published: October 2022

Background

The treatment of recurrent cystoid macular edema associated with acute retinal necrosis is challenging due to the concern that treatment with intravitreal steroids may reactivate the retinitis.

Case report

An immunocompetent patient diagnosed with acute retinal necrosis was treated with oral valacyclovir and intravitreal injections of foscarnet. Giant tears in her retina necessitated a vitrectomy with silicone oil. She developed cystoid macular edema after the removal of the silicone oil. The edema responded to high-dose prednisolone but recurred when the dose was tapered to 20 mg daily. Under close surveillance and increased antiviral medication, she was treated with a dexamethasone implant with complete resolution of the edema. Unfortunately, the edema recurred, and the treatment had to be repeated. Over 18 months, she received five dexamethasone implants without recurrence of the viral retinitis.

Conclusions

This case shows successful treatment of recurring cystoid macular edema following acute retinal necrosis with repeated intravitreal dexamethasone implants in a patient receiving valacyclovir maintenance treatment.
Phylogenetic divergences in brown rot fungal pathogens of Monilinia species from a worldwide collection: inferences based on the nuclear versus mitochondrial genes
Authors: Silan Ece , Ozkilinc Hilal
Published: October 2022

Background

Phylogenetic analyses for plant pathogenic fungi explore many questions on diversities, relationships, origins, and divergences of populations from different sources such as species, host, and geography. This information is highly valuable, especially from a large global sampling, to understand the evolutionary paths of the pathogens worldwide.Monilinia fructicolaandM. laxaare two important fungal pathogens of stone fruits that cause the widespread disease commonly known as brown rot. Three nuclear genes (Calmodulin,SDHA,TEF1α) and three mitochondrial genes (Cytochrome_b,NAD2, andNAD5) of the two pathogen species from a worldwide collection including five different countries from four different continents were studied in this work.

Results

Both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian approaches were applied to the data sets, and in addition, Maximum Parsimony based approaches were used for the regions having indel polymorphisms.Calmodulin,SDHA,NAD2,andNAD5regions were found phylogenetically informative and utilized for phylogenetics ofMoniliniaspecies for the first time. Each gene region presented a set of haplotypes exceptCytochrome_b, which was monomorphic. According to this large collection of twoMoniliniaspecies around the world,M. fructicolashowed more diversity thanM. laxa, a result that should be carefully considered, asM. fructicolais known to be a quarantine pathogen. Moreover, the other two mitochondrial genes (NAD2andNAD5) did not have any substitution type mutations but presented an intron indel polymorphism indicating the contribution of introns as well as mobile introns to the fungal diversity and evolution. Based on the concatenated gene sets, nuclear DNA carries higher mutations and uncovers more phylogenetic clusters in comparison to the mitochondrial DNA-based data for these fungal species.

Conclusions

This study provides the most comprehensive knowledge on the phylogenetics of both nuclear and mitochondrial genes of two prominent brown rot pathogens,M. fructicolaandM. laxa. Based on the regions used in this study, the nuclear genes resolved phylogenetic branching better than the mitochondrial genes and discovered new phylogenetic lineages for these species.