bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utopian Justifications: More’s Utopia , Settler Colonialism, and Contemporary Ecocritical Concerns
Authors: Bruce Susan
Published: February 2015

This deliberately presentist essay uses More’s Utopia to contribute to the debate over the relationship between environmentalism and postcolonialism; explore the relationship between a text’s contexts and “meaning(s)”; and illustrate how utopian thinking can expose contradictions underlying other forms of imagining better worlds. Contextualizing Utopia with two different twenty-first-century comparators, it interrogates assumptions that Utopia has an unproblematic relation to colonialism and that it ignores environmental concerns. In illustrating how different contextualizations of the same passage can produce radically different readings of the text in which it appears, this essay foregrounds issues of interpretation that may be of use to scholars and teachers of literary texts. It concludes that although Utopia can help us acknowledge that environmental and colonial arguments sometimes share similar ethical premises, “ Utopian ” thinking, in its foregrounding of the difficulties, contradictions, and irresolutions of human interactions, is indispensable to a politics that seeks to imagine a better world.
Where There is Void: J. H. Prynne’s Kazoo Dreamboats or, On What There is
Authors: Pietrzak Wit
Published: February 2015

In this essay I explore the moral crisis of modernity as identified in J. H. Prynne’s latest book Kazoo Dreamboats or, On What There Is . The analysis focuses on the idea of “void” that in Prynne’s book both grants freedom for the linguistic creation of reality in line with the textualist viewpoint of such thinkers as Richard Rorty and allows for a threat to the moral existence of man as diagnosed by Zygmunt Bauman. I argue that Kazoo Dreamboats challenges the discourses of science, philosophy, rationality, and popular culture as means to impose order on a reality in which gross violations of morality have become a routine that evades direct exposure.
Building a Peer-Learning Service for Students in an Academic Library
Authors: O’Kelly Mary , Garrison Julie , Merry Brian , Torreano Jennifer
Published: February 2015

Academic libraries are well lauded for offering supportive spaces for students’ self-directed study, and significant resources are dedicated to librarian instruction in the classroom. What many academic libraries lack, however, is a middle ground, a routine way for students to help one another using best practices in peer-to-peer learning theory. A new, nonauthoritative, supplemental service by students and for students began at Grand Valley State University in Allendale, MI, in fall 2012 with a cohort of “peer research consultants.” Students learn information literacy skills with a well-trained peer, untethered from the hierarchy inherent in formal instruction environments. This paper describes the program design, training, and conclusions after two academic years in operation and argues the value of peer tutoring in libraries.
The Academic Library and Student Retention and Graduation: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Crawford Gregory A.
Published: February 2015

This study analyzed the relationships between variables of institutional expenses, library expenses, and library use and variables representing graduation and retention rates for colleges and universities. Using data drawn from the Integrated Postsecondary Educational Data System and the Academic Library Survey, institutions were compared by their Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education and by control (private or public). ANOVA (analysis of variance) results, indicating the degree of difference or similarity between the groups of data, show that the colleges and universities vary significantly in expenses per student and in use of the library per student. Correlations showed that library expenses per full-time equivalent (FTE) and instruction expenses per FTE had the highest overall relationship with graduation and retention rates.
Loose, Falling Characters and Sentences: The Persistence of the OCR Problem in Digital Repository E-Books
Authors: Kichuk Diana
Published: February 2015

The electronic conversion of scanned image files to readable text using optical character recognition (OCR) software and the subsequent migration of raw OCR text to e-book text file formats are key remediation or media conversion technologies used in digital repository e-book production. Despite real progress, the OCR problem of reliability and accuracy in OCR-derived e-book text and metadata persists. This paper examines a selection of digitized e-books in several prominent digital repositories and discusses the impact of OCR technology on e-book text file formats, metadata, and the online reading experience.
What Is Different About E-Books?: A MINES for Libraries® Analysis of Academic and Health Sciences Research Libraries’ E-Book Usage
Authors: Plum Terry , Franklin Brinley
Published: February 2015

Building on the theoretical proposals of Kevin Guthrie and others concerning the transition from print books to e-books in academic and health sciences libraries, this paper presents data collected using the MINES for Libraries® e-resource survey methodology. Approximately 6,000 e-book uses were analyzed from a sample of e-resource usage at thirteen academic and health sciences research libraries between July 2009 and June 2013. The authors report on findings about e-book usage and propose explanations regarding how the adoption path from print books to e-books differs from the growth in use of e-journals and the associated decline in print journals usage.
Faculty Research and Publication Practices
Authors: Zoellner Kate , Hines Samantha , Keenan Teressa , Samson Sue
Published: February 2015

Understanding faculty work practices can translate into improved library services. This study documents how education and behavioral science faculty locate, retrieve, and use information resources for research and writing and how they publish and store their research materials. The authors interviewed twelve professors using a structured interview instrument and analyzed the data. Findings cover the role of library services in scholarly research processes, as well as the use of software and technologies and the challenges faculty face.
Revising Obsession in Shakespeare’s Sonnets 153 and 154
Authors: Harper David A.
Published: February 2015

This article reevaluates Shakespeare’s sonnets 153 and 154 within the context of the 1609 Quarto, suggesting that only one of these anacreontics properly belongs to the sequence. The article first considers other moments of unintentional repetition in Shake-speare’s corpus to provide evidence that Shakespeare’s manuscript cancellations may have been overlooked by printers. Using 1) the bibliographic features of the Quarto, 2) Sonnet 153’s thematic and formal linkages to the preceding sequence, and 3) the aptness of 153 rather than 154 as a bridge to A Lover’s Complaint , the article argues that Shakespeare’s likely cancellation of 154 was ignored in Eld’s print shop for convenience or aesthetic concerns. While we may never know what shape Shakespeare’s Sonnets took in manuscript, this article reclaims 153 as an important conclusion to the sequence, challenging a tradition of criticism in which the curious doubling of these two sonnets has often removed them from serious consideration.
The Poetics of Consolation and Community in Mary Wroth’s Pamphilia to Amphilanthus
Authors: Watkins Leila
Published: February 2015

Mary Wroth’s Pamphilia to Amphilanthus reenvisions the social function of the erotic sonnet sequence in early modern literary culture. Although scholars most often discuss Wroth’s sonnets in relation to her status as a female poet, Pamphilia to Amphilanthus offers far more than a female articulation of the intricately wrought authorial subjectivity we have come to regard as one of the primary characteristics of the early modern sonnet sequence. Rather than simply use the genre to fashion a highly stylized self, as many of her male contemporaries do, Wroth presents the sonnet sequence as a genre capable of helping a diverse range of readers work through emotional distress. While some have termed Wroth’s poetic style vague or abstract, I argue that Pamphilia’s tendency to shy away from social particulars is, in fact, a deliberate innovation that emphasizes the erotic sonnet sequence’s potential for community formation as well as self-fashioning. In the first section of this essay, I argue that Pamphilia to Amphilanthus constructs an ideal community of readers founded on shared affect rather than status markers such as gender or social rank. In the later sections, I show how Wroth employs and revises the conventions of the sonnet sequence to implement her vision of the genre as a source of consolation for those who suffer from erotic disappointment or frustration.
“My Victorious Triumphs Are All Thine”: Romance and Elect Community in Lucy Hutchinson’s Order and Disorder
Authors: Jones Emily Griffiths
Published: February 2015

Reading Hutchinson’s Genesis epic Order and Disorder against John Dryden’s panegyric to Charles II, “Astraea Redux,” this essay argues that Dryden’s poem depicts the Restoration as the universalist telos to the turbulent romance of English history: God blesses all the nation’s people equally in their spiritual marriage to the king, an ecstatic union that subsumes distinctions of gender and ideology by reinscribing all subjects as feminine in sinfulness, as masculine by marriage, and as royalist. Hutchinson resists this triumphalist and masculinist narrative: in her romantic treatment of her biblical protagonists, she insists that both teleological plot and redemptive eroticism are gifts reserved for the Puritan elect, and she suggests that male and female believers need not be divided by hierarchical narrative perspective, sharing equally in the promise of reproduction and in prophetic glimpses of the still-remote “full Restoration.”
Telling Love: Twelfth Night in Samuel Richardson, Teresia Constantia Phillips, and William Blake
Authors: Smith J. A.
Published: February 2015

This article examines uses made of Viola’s ‘She never told her love’ speech from Shake-speare’s Twelfth Night in the eighteenth century. Starting with its ubiquity in the period’s anthology literature, it turns to the more exploratory appropriations made by Samuel Richardson, Teresia Constantia Phillips, and William Blake.
Savior, Witness, and Comic Relief: The Midwife in English Texts of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
Authors: Chalk Dannie Leigh
Published: February 2015

This article examines the evolution of English midwifery language from that of the divinely ordained profession represented in fifteenth-century texts, to a sixteenth-century vanguard of the new national church in England, and finally to a literary character and trope emerging at the turn of the seventeenth century. It explores the seeming contradiction between, on the one hand, the traditional image of early modern midwives as elderly, uneducated, or even evil, and on the other, the historical early modern English midwife, who has been shown by historians of medicine to have been more often a church official, an experienced obstetrician, and a reliable legal witness. By examining literary depictions of midwives as well as medical and religious texts, this article will demonstrate that the source of this apparent contradiction lies in the development and proliferation of a rich, inventive, and often self-contradicting midwifery rhetoric during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In the course of this development, the midwife moves from a position of absolute spoken authority to one whose authority is severely circumscribed through the introduction of male-authored, prescriptive language, a change which, in combination with the proliferation of comedic and purely rhetorical usages, would allow later generations to rewrite the early modern midwife as a figure of fun and ignorance.
Guerra e sociedade na iconografia da partida de Aquiles nos vasos áticos dos séculos VI-V a.C.
Authors: Grillo José Geraldo Costa
Published: February 2015

O autor analisa a cena da partida de Aquiles, de Ftia para Troia, uma série de quatorze vasos áticos datados entre 550-440 a.C., com a preocupação específica de verificar a relação entre essa iconografia e a sociedade que a produziu. Sua proposta é a de que as representações de cenas da Guerra de Troia, no seu todo, compõem o imaginário ateniense no que se refere ao tema da guerra, e que essa cena, em particular, mostra envolver a guerra, toda a sociedade, os que partem para a guerra e os que não partem, permanecendo na cidade.
Protección social y políticas de promoción del trabajo asociativo y autogestionado en la Argentina (2003-2013): el Programa Argentina Trabaja
Authors: Kasparian Denise
Published: February 2015

El objetivo del artículo es examinar los modos de protección social que instaura el Programa Argentina Trabaja, de modo de aproximarnos al análisis de la calidad del trabajo generado por el Programa. A través de la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis documental, se identificaron aspectos positivos al respecto: la inscripción de los beneficiarios en el monotributo social, la percepción de la Asignación Universal por Hijo, y la conformación de cooperativas como modalidad de trabajo. La masividad del Programa y el monto del ingreso son elementos que potencian los cambios sociales que se proponen desde el diseño. No obstante, existen tensiones y limitaciones: las escasas posibilidades de diseñar e implementar autónomamente las actividades de las cooperativas; la percepción individual de los ingresos, y que los mismos no alcancen el salario mínimo vital y móvil, ni sean actualizados según los estándares del empleo asalariado formal; y los límites que aún acarrea el monotributo social en cuanto al efectivo uso de los beneficios que contempla. Se concluye que el Programa aporta mejorías para los trabajadores provenientes de la informalidad, mientras que, en comparación con la protección social anclada en el empleo formal asalariado, evidencia carencias.
Una visión comunicacional de la política en Ecuador: Rafael Correa y su bicicleta
Authors: Punín Larrea María Isabel
Published: February 2015

Este artículo analiza el video oficial de la campaña del Presidente Correa denominado “spot bicicleta”, elemento promocional usado en las elecciones seccionales del 2013, toma como referencia de análisis las estructuras fonológicas, gráficas, sintácticas y semánticas. La pieza con una duración de 3:30 minutos, recuerda el proceso de “Revolución Ciudadana”, emprendido por el partido Alianza País (35); y resalta la condición de servicio del Presidente, cuyo eje principal es la Patria. El discurso gira entorno a la pobreza, la esperanza y el deseo del Presidente de continuar en el poder. Toda la pieza audiovisual está matizada con elementos posicionados en la mente de los ecuatorianos, usados como una estrategia de persuasión.
Notes from the Editors, January 2015
Authors: The Editors -
Published: February 2015

buy this issue
The publication of socialist books in the United States has always encountered serious institutional obstacles. This can be seen in the enormous hurdles that stood in the way of the successful publication 130 years ago of the English translation of Engels’s The Condition of the Working Class in England (1845)—today recognized as the classic account of the impact of the Industrial Revolution on workers. In 1885 Florence Kelley (-Wischnewetzky), the daughter of William D. Kelley, a U.S. Congressman and supporter of Lincoln, translated Engels’s book into English. Her initial plan was to publish the translation in the United States with the respected publishing firm of G.P. Putnam & Co. However, Putnam declined to publish it on the grounds that the book was outdated…and did not apply to U.S. industrialization, where such conditions of class exploitation were supposedly absent.… It is owing to these difficulties, associated with the U.S. publication of his book, that we have the benefit of some of Engels’s more important comments regarding the problem of publishing socialist works in a capitalist society.
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Pete Seeger, Socialist Songster: Introduction
Authors: Schrager Lang Amy , Simon John J.
Published: February 2015

Our friend and comrade Pete Seeger died a year ago this month, on January 27, 2014. Pete was a long-time reader of Monthly Review and, occasionally, a writer for this magazine. Harry Magdoff used to say that when a letter arrived from Pete, nearly always handwritten and often pages long, responding to an article or suggesting a topic to be covered or a book to be reviewed, it would go right home with him, to be pondered, considered, answered, and, especially, enjoyed. Seeger’s communications were never innocuous: he would tell the editors that something MR had published was wrongheaded (or, sometimes, right-headed); he would take an idea, turn it over, and suggest where to go with it. Like his music, Seeger’s letters demanded engagement, participation—and action. He had a special place in the MR family.
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Who Was This Pete Fellow?
Authors: Near Holly
Published: February 2015

Pete Seeger was bigger than life. And like a character in a mythological tale, before long his shoe size will grow to such a degree that he will scale snowy mountains and wade across oceans. He will look over the tops of Redwood trees and when he dips his hand down into the Hudson River, the water up to his elbow, his fingers will reach down to the bottom of the deepest pool and pull up a giraffe and a baby grand and we will forever sing about the magic river.… This mythology will be enjoyed by the living for generations to come. A next generation of troubadours will sing deep into the little faces who, with wide eyes, imagine such a music man.
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Pete Seeger, Musical Revolutionary
Authors: Clark Brett , Borchert Scott
Published: February 2015

In the late 1950s, Pete Seeger received a letter from his manager, Howie Richmond, begging him to write a new hit song. … [Richmond] believed that “protest songs” were not marketable. Seeger was angry—he had a new song in mind, with words from a poem that he had set to music, and he believed it was, in a deep and significant sense, a song of protest.…. The song, of course, was “Turn! Turn! Turn! (To Everything There Is a Season),” which continues to be performed and recorded by many artists, and most famously became a huge folk-rock hit for The Byrds. It was as though, despite himself, Seeger produced a hit song, even when commercial popularity was the furthest thing from his mind—an example of how inseparably his songwriting talents and political principles were bound together.
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Multi-product Bertrand Oligopoly with Exogenous and Endogenous Consumer Heterogeneity
Authors: Bernhardt Dan , Graham Brett
Published: February 2015

We develop a spatial model in which consumers receive firm-specific location shocks and firms endogenously determine both franchise/product locations and prices. Remarkably, firms fail to profit from endogenous product-specific heterogeneity alone: while ex-post consumer heterogeneity ensures positive gross profits, competition for market share results in socially excessive product lines and zero net profits. With added exogenous taste heterogeneity, endogenous spatial heterogeneity drives profits below their levels with only taste heterogeneity. Finally, we introduce multiple product lines and show that when product costs differ across lines, firms earn positive profits as long as consumer preferences over lines are imperfectly correlated.
Evaluating invasive and non-invasive methods to
determine fat content in the laboratory mouse
Authors: Oldknow KJ , Macrae VE , Farquharson C , Bünger L
Published: February 2015

In the midst of an obesity epidemic in humans,
diet induced obesity studies in rodents are fundamental
to unravel the complex mechanisms underlying this
disease, ultimately resulting in the identification of new
preventative and therapeutic strategies. The current study
was designed to determine if high throughput multiobject
CT scanning was capable of providing precise
quantification of adipose tissue in C57BL/6 mice when
benchmarked to the gold standard method for evaluating
fat mass (freeze drying). We report a strong correlation
between body weight alone and fat percentage in our
mouse cohort (20 g-40 g, r = 0.95). The gonadal fat depot
was identified as the most accurate single predictor of
total fat mass (r = 0.931). Importantly, we observed a high
positive correlation between both live tissue weight and
dissected adipose tissue when correlated to CT predictions
(r ≥ 0.862), suggesting CT can accurately be used to predict
total fat mass/percentage and non-fat mass/percentage
in our cohort. We conclude that the use of multi-object
in vivo CT fat quantification is cost effective, accurate and
minimally invasive technique in the genetic manipulation
era to exploit lean/obese genes in the study of diet induced
obesity, allowing longitudinal studies to be completed in a
high throughput manner.
Synthesis and application of carbon based heterogeneous catalysts for ultrasound assisted biodiesel production
Authors: Gaikwad Namrata D. , Gogate Parag R.
Published: February 2015

In the present work, carbon based heterogeneous acid catalysts have been prepared using various synthesis approaches based on the use of sustainable starting materials. The properties of the catalysts have been investigated using Fourier transformed infra-red (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature-programmed desorption (NH
Integrating traditional medical practice with primary healthcare system in Eritrea
Authors: Habtom GebreMichael Kibreab
Published: February 2015

Background: The purpose of this paper was to assess the perceptions and attitudes of modern medical practitioners (MMPs) and traditional medical practitioners (TMPs) about traditional medical practice and to analyze the utilization of traditional medicine in Eritrea.

Methods: The data for this study were collected in a 10-month period from January to October 2004. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three sub-zones of Eritrea: Dekemhare, Ghinda, and Maekel. A total of 500 (250 each) MMPs and TMPs, and 1657 households were included in the study. Data were collected both by questionnaire and an interview (with key informants).

Results: Our study reveals that there is a significant difference in perception and attitude between MMPs and TMPs about traditional medical practice in Eritrea. Their differences lie not only in their way of thinking but also in their perceptions of man and health. Our study further shows that in most rural communities in Eritrea, the use of traditional medicine and self-care is extensive. This is the case even in the presence of the supposedly free/subsidized health care available in government health centers.

Conclusions: Higher confidence in traditional medicine for the treatment of serious illnesses, irrespective of availability of western medical service in many parts of Eritrea, indicates the need for selective integration of traditional medical practice with the primary healthcare system of the country.
2014 IN-CAM Research Symposium: The Next Wave of Complementary and Integrative Medicine and Health Care Research
Authors: Boon Heather , Kania-Richmond Ania , Verhoef Marja J. , Tsui Teresa , Danelesko Elaine
Published: February 2015

The following are abstracts of oral and poster research presentations given at the 2014 IN-CAM Research Symposium, The Next Wave of Complementary and Integrative Medicine and Health Care Research, held November 6 to 8, 2014 at the Marriott Hotel, Calgary Alberta, Canada. The abstracts are grouped under the distinct groups and activities, which took place during the Symposium. For more information, please visit: www.incamresearch.ca.
Thermal transport across atomic-layer material interfaces
Authors: Yue Yanan , Zhang Jingchao , Tang Xiaoduan , Xu Shen , Wang Xinwei
Published: February 2015

Emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials with atomic-layer structures, such as graphene and MoS
New crystal structures in the realm of 5,5′-azotetrazolates
Authors: Lampl Martin , Laus Gerhard , Braun Doris E. , Kahlenberg Volker , Wurst Klaus , Fuhrmann Gerda , Schottenberger Herwig , Huppertz Hubert
Published: February 2015

The preparation of six new 5,5′-azotetrazolates with organic cations is reported. Differential scanning calorimetry of all compounds showed exothermic decompositions. The crystal structures of the six 5,5′-azotetrazolates were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The phase purities of the bulk samples were confirmed by Pawley fits of the experimental and calculated powder X-ray diffraction patterns.
Disciplining Song in Sixteenth-Century Geneva
Authors: Latour Melinda
Published: February 2015

Song was frequently disciplined in the sixteenth-century Consistory of Geneva as part of the broad program of social Reform led by Calvin. Between 1542 and 1552, more than one hundred cases involving illicit singing came before the Consistory court. These cases reveal the Consistory’s persistent attempt to control the singing of all members of Genevan society regardless of social status or situation. They also offer a new field of evidence for exploring the boundaries between proper (honneste) and improper (deshonneste) singing in Reformed communities. The bulk of the cases surveyed from this period involved charges of illicit singing alongside other immoral behaviors, such as gambling and fornication. These cases directly linked indecent singing to other forbidden acts—a connection that worked out a neo-Platonic view of music in juridical process and provided the rationalization for the entire project of disciplining song in the courts. Concerns over improper song leading to illicit behavior and ultimately to social disorder were dramatically illustrated in a cluster of Consistory cases related to the famous Bolsec affair that exploded in Geneva near the end of the year 1551. Bolsec’s contrafactum on the tune of Psalm 23 from the Geneva Psalter—written during Bolsec’s lengthy stay in prison—spread his dissenting theology to his supporters and enacted the dangerous potential of song to disrupt the unity of the Reformed city.
Grasp the Weapon of Culture! Radical Avant-Gardes and the Los Angeles Free Press
Authors: Mount Andre
Published: February 2015

In the 17 June 1966 issue of the Los Angeles Free Press, members of a group calling themselves the Los Angeles Hippodrome advertised an upcoming event: an “Homage to Arnold Schoenberg.” The ad seems to suggest nothing out of the ordinary: a recital of the composer’s complete piano works along with a slideshow of his visual art and the playing of a recorded lecture. The facing page, however, paints a very different picture. There, the Free Press reproduced a series of manifestos written by the event’s organizers. The manifestos range in content from lengthy ruminations on the death of art to a cartoon of a dog-like creature brandishing a knife and poised to cut off the head of a snake above the words “GRASP THE WEAPON of CULTURE!” With their absurdist humor and heady, abstract proselytizing, these statements stand in marked contrast to the refined poise of the music of the Second Viennese School.

To address this incongruity, one must look beyond the Los Angeles Hippodrome to several other closely related communities. Dorothy Crawford (1995) provides an invaluable account of one such group in Los Angeles, focusing primarily on a circle of modernist music enthusiasts who organized and attended the Monday Evening Concerts series. But the individuals behind the “Homage to Schoenberg” were in equally close contact with participants in the Freak Movement, a Los Angeles manifestation of the 1960s counterculture led by iconoclastic rock guitarist Frank Zappa. Despite superficial differences, the political affinities and geographic proximity of these groups facilitated a free transmission of values and ideas that blurred the boundaries between them.
ELEKTRONİK ORTAMDA ALIŞVERİŞ YAPANLARIN KONTROLSÜZ SATIN ALMA EĞİLİMLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ: İNTERAKTİF BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: Üster Zeynep
Published: February 2015

Son yıllarda teknolojideki ilerlemeler ile birlikte internet kullanımı da farklılaşmaktadır. Her konuda bilgi ihtiyacını karşılayan internet artık tüketiciler için ürünlere daha hızlı, daha kolay ve daha ucuz ulaşabilecekleri bir alışveriş ortamı haline gelmiştir. İnternetin hayatı kolaylaştıran yanları elektronik ortamı alışveriş için cazip hale getirmektedir. Ancak bütün bu avantajların bir yan etkisi olarak tüketiciler online ortamda ihtiyacı olmayan ürünleri de satın alma şeklinde bir davranış göstermeye başlamaktadır. Bu araştırmadaki amaç elektronik ortamda alışveriş yapan tüketicilerin kontrolsüz satın alma eğilimlerini incelemektir. Diğer alt amaçlar ise, tüketicilerin demografik özellikleri, psikolojik etkenler vb. faktörlerin tüketicilerin kontrolsüz satın alma eğilimlerine olan etkisini saptamaya çalışmaktır. Ayrıca elektronik ortamda kontrolsüz satın almayı etkileyen faktörleri de incelemektir. Uygulama kısmında ise, elektronik ortamda alışveriş yapan tüketicilerin kontrolsüz satın alma davranışlarının incelenmesi amacıyla interaktif ortamda bir uygulama yapılmıştır. Anket yöntemi ile veri toplanılan bu bölümde geçerliliği olan 245 tane anket formu SPSS yazılım programında analiz edilmiştir. İfadelerin güvenilirlik analizleri,  frekans dağılımı ve faktörler elde edilmiş, MANOVA analizleri ile farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.
Passivating Silicon Grain Boundaries with Small Polar Molecules for Photovoltaics
Authors: Wentao Wang  , Fude Liu  , Lei Wang  , Guandong Yang  , Wallace.C.H. Choy  , Fei Yan  , Steven Johnston  , Mowafak M. Al-Jassim 
Published: February 2015

Grain boundaries (GBs) play a major role in determining the device performance of in particular polycrystalline thin-film solar cells. Hydrogen has traditionally been applied to passivate defects at GBs. However, hydrogenated films are subject to light-induced degradation effects. In this study, we took a novel approach to passivating GBs in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafers with small polar molecules. We found an excellent correlation between the grain misorientation, electrical resistance across GBs, and passivation effectiveness. In particular, the charge transport across GBs was greatly enhanced after the wafers were properly treated in our polar molecule solutions; the sheet resistance can be reduced by up to more than one order for large-angle random GBs. The results were explained to be due to the effective charge neutralization and passivation of polar molecules on localized charge states at GBs. These findings may help us achieve high-quality materials at low cost for high-efficiency solar cells by enhancing carrier transport and minimizing carrier recombination.
Youth Tobacco Product Use in the United States
Authors: Lee Youn Ok , Hebert Christine J. , Nonnemaker James M. , Kim Annice E.
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND:

Noncigarette tobacco products are increasingly popular among youth, especially cigarette smokers. Understanding multiple tobacco product use is necessary to assess the effects of tobacco products on population health. This study examines multiple tobacco product use and associated risk factors among US youth.

METHODS:

Estimates of current use were calculated for cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, hookah, e-cigarettes, pipes, bidis, kreteks, snus, and dissolvable tobacco by using data from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 24 658), a nationally representative sample of US middle and high school students. Associations between use patterns and demographic characteristics were examined by using multinomial logistic regression.

RESULTS:

Among youth, 14.7% currently use 1 or more tobacco products. Of these, 2.8% use cigarettes exclusively, and 4% use 1 noncigarette product exclusively; 2.7% use cigarettes with another product (dual use), and 4.3% use 3 or more products (polytobacco use). Twice as many youth use e-cigarettes alone than dual use with cigarettes. Among smokers, polytobacco use was significantly associated with male gender (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] = 3.71), by using flavored products (aRRR = 6.09), nicotine dependence (aRRR = 1.91), tobacco marketing receptivity (aRRR = 2.52), and perceived prevalence of peer use of tobacco products (aRRR = 3.61, 5.73).

CONCLUSIONS:

More than twice as many youth in the United States currently use 2 or more tobacco products than cigarettes alone. Continued monitoring of tobacco use patterns is warranted, especially for e-cigarettes. Youth rates of multiple product use involving combustible products underscore needs for research assessing potential harms associated with these patterns.
Sodium and Sugar in Complementary Infant and Toddler Foods Sold in the United States
Authors: Cogswell Mary E. , Gunn Janelle P. , Yuan Keming , Park Sohyun , Merritt Robert
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate the sodium and sugar content of US commercial infant and toddler foods.

METHODS:

We used a 2012 nutrient database of 1074 US infant and toddler foods and drinks developed from a commercial database, manufacturer Web sites, and major grocery stores. Products were categorized on the basis of their main ingredients and the US Food and Drug Administration’s reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion (RACC). Sodium and sugar contents and presence of added sugars were determined.

RESULTS:

All but 2 of the 657 infant vegetables, dinners, fruits, dry cereals, and ready-to-serve mixed grains and fruits were low sodium (≤140 mg/RACC). The majority of these foods did not contain added sugars; however, 41 of 79 infant mixed grains and fruits contained ≥1 added sugar, and 35 also contained >35% calories from sugar. Seventy-two percent of 72 toddler dinners were high in sodium content (>210 mg/RACC). Toddler dinners contained an average of 2295 mg of sodium per 1000 kcal (sodium 212 mg/100 g). Savory infant/toddler snacks (n = 34) contained an average of sodium 1382 mg/1000 kcal (sodium 486 mg/100 g); 1 was high sodium. Thirty-two percent of toddler dinners and the majority of toddler cereal bars/breakfast pastries, fruit, and infant/toddler snacks, desserts, and juices contained ≥1 added sugar.

CONCLUSIONS:

Commercial toddler foods and infant or toddler snacks, desserts, and juice drinks are of potential concern due to sodium or sugar content. Pediatricians should advise parents to look carefully at labels when selecting commercial toddler foods and to limit salty snacks, sweet desserts, and juice drinks.
Gray-bellied Hawk, Accipiter poliogaster (Temminck, 1824) (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae), in Costa Rica
Authors: Araya-H. David , Contreras Christian , Sandoval Luis
Published: February 2015

Gray-bellied Hawk (Accipiter poliogaster) is a diurnal raptor with a distribution range and movements poorly known. A juvenile was recorded in Costa Rica in 2008 and 2009 for in the Caribbean lowlands. In this note we reported the first adult observation for Costa Rica and a new locality. Even though is uncertain how this species of bird was able to arrive to Costa Rica, we discuss possible explanations for that.
Ichthyofauna of Tripa Peat Swamp Forest, Aceh province, Indonesia
Authors: Muchlisin Zainal Abidin , Akyun Qurrata , Rizka Satria , Fadli Nur , Sugianto Sugianto , Halim Agus , Siti-Azizah Mohd N.
Published: February 2015

The Tripa Peat Swamp Forest (TPSF) suffers from deforestation due to agriculture, this habitat degradation potentially has a negative impact on fish biodiversity and community assemblages. The objective of this study was to develop an inventory of the fish fauna, evaluate the spatial variation in assemblage structure, document alien species, and quantify the economic value of fish species found from the area. Fish assemblages from the main rivers and tributaries of TPSF were sampled on May to June 2013. A total of 764 individuals were sampled during the survey, constituting 34 families, 47 genera, and 73 species where 46 species are categorized as fish consumption, 17 have potential for aquaculture, and 10 species have potential for ornamental, and three are non native. Cyprinidae is the predominant fish family within the TPSF. Fish assemblages were generally characterized by small population size for each species and low similarity among sites, reflecting the distinctive nature of each sampling site.
First record of Juliomys ossitenuis Costa, Pavan, Leite & Fagundes, 2007 (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) in Paraná state, southern Brazil
Authors: Grazzini Guilherme , Mochi-Junior Cássio Marcelo , De Oliveira Heloisa , Pontes Jaqueline Dos Santos , Almeida Fernanda Gatto de , Sbalqueiro Ives José , Hass Iris , Tiepolo Liliani Marilia
Published: February 2015

Juliomys ossitenuis was previously known from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, where it occurs in Dense Ombrophilous Forest. The record of the species in Floresta Nacional de Piraí do Sul, in Paraná state, confirmed by morphological and cytogenetic analyses, extends its distribution about 200 km southwards. This is the first record of the species in the state and in an area of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (Araucaria Forest).
New records of the hairy crab Pilumnus dasypodus (Decapoda, Brachyura, Pilumnidae) in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Moraes Sávio Arcanjo Santos Nascimento , Alencar Carlos Eduardo Rocha Duarte , Thomsen Elena , Freire Fúlvio Aurélio Morais
Published: February 2015

Pilumnus dasypodus is reported for the first time in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. Sampling occurred in the north and south coast of the state in four locations (the farthest about 500 km of the known south distribution of the species). This new record increases the information about the distribution of this species, showing a possible relationship between the distribution of species and the Atlantic Tropical Ecoregion.
First record of Pseudostigmatidae (Insecta: Odonata) in the Northeast Region of Brazil
Authors: Irusta Jorge B. , Lencioni F. A. A.
Published: February 2015

We record the first occurrence of Mecistogaster amalia (Burmeister, 1839) for the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, which is the first record of this genus and family for the whole Northeast Region of Brazil. This record is based on four collected samples and extends by more than 1,500 km to the north, the area known of distribution of this species.
New record and update on the geographical distribution of Pintomyia monticola (Costa Lima, 1932) (Diptera: Psychodidae) in South America
Authors: Andrade Andrey José de , Gurgel-Gonçalves Rodrigo
Published: February 2015

The phlebotomine sand fly Pintomyia monticola (Costa Lima, 1932) is recorded for the first time in Brasília, central-west Brazil. A review of the geographical distribution of the species in South America is presented, and its distribution is extended. The potential geographical distribution of P. monticola is predicted based on ecological niche modeling. Ecological aspects of this species are discussed.
Typha orientalis Presl (Typhaceae): a new species record for India
Authors: Ganie Aijaz Hassan , Dar A R , Ashraf Mehboob , Reshi Zafar A
Published: February 2015

Typha orientalis C. Presl (Typhaceae) is recorded for the first time from the Kashmir Himalaya, India.and for the first time in the entire Indian sub-continent. A detailed taxonomic description and photographs of the diagnostic characters are provided to facilitate its identification in the field. Also provided are diagnostic characters used to distinguish T. orientalis C. Presl from T. latifolia L.
First report of Pterinotrematoides mexicanum Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1955 (Monogenea, Macrovalvitrematidae) in Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) from the coastal zone of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Gallas Moisés , Da Silveira Eliane Fraga , Périco Eduardo
Published: February 2015

: In South America, Pterinotrematoides mexicanum Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1955 has been reported in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and in Argentina parasitizing Micropogonias furnieri (Des­marest, 1823). In this paper, the first record of P. mexicanum in the same host from the coastal zone of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil is presented, filling a gap of occurrence of P. mexicanum. The morphology of P. mexicanum is re­described and compared with that of Neopterinotrematoides avaginata Suriano, 1975.
N-type semiconducting perylene diimide based molecules for organic solar cells
Authors: Kotowski D. , Luzzati S. , Kozma E. , Catellani M.
Published: February 2015

Core substituted perylene diimides (PDIs) are promising candidates as non-fullerene acceptor materials for organic solar cells. The functionalization of PDIs in the bay positions using chemical groups with different electron donating abilities and with steric hindrance is a versatile tool to modify both the optoelectronic properties and the morphology in the solid state.

Herein we present two new PDI based molecules having bulky aromatic substituents linked into the bay positions: PDI-SF with spirobifluorene group and PDI-BSF with bithienyl-spirobifluorene moieties. The high steric hindrance of spirobifluorene reduce the tendency to form aggregates that has been identified as a limiting factor for the photovoltaic performances in PDI based solar cells.

The PDI molecules were tested as electron acceptors in bulk heterojunction solar cells with P3HT as electron donor. Power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 1.58% and 1.18% were obtained for PDI-SF and PDI-BSF devices.
Eight cycles of recurrent selection for resistance to angular leaf spot in common bean
Authors: Arantes Lúcio de Oliveira , Abreu Ângela de Fátima Barbosa , Ramalho Magno Antonio Patto
Published: February 2015

The genetic progress (GP) was evaluated after eight cycles of recurrent selection for resistance to angular leaf spot in common bean and indirect gain for yield and grain type. The base population (Cycle-0) was obtained from the diallel cross of seven lines with carioca grain and ten resistance sources. To obtain Cycle I, the most resistant S0 plants of Cycle 0 were intercrossed. The same procedure was adopted in the subsequent cycles. GP for resistance to the pathogen was estimated by the overall average of the progenies of each cycle in comparison with control Carioca MG and for productivity in comparison to the controls Carioca MG and Pérola. Lines of the first six cycles were used for grain type. No GP was detected for resistance to angular leaf spot. However, the indirect yield gain was 2.3% and 2.5% in the selection for grain type, with values similar to those obtained by direct selection for these traits.
The reconstruction of Moss Canal Bridge, Rochdale, UK
Authors: Clapham Peter , Canning Lee , Asiedu Kwaku
Published: February 2015

Moss Canal Bridge carries Moss Bridge Road across the Rochdale Canal in Rochdale, UK. The Rochdale Canal is designated as a site of special scientific Interest (SSSI) and a special area of conservation (SAC), as well as being used by leisure craft. The original bridge was a reinforced concrete two pinned portal structure built in 1940. The deck had deteriorated and required replacement. A new lightweight fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bridge deck was selected for the new bridge so that the substructures and foundations of the present bridge could be retained. This was done to avoid and minimise any disturbance to the canal and its status as a SSSI and SAC. The new bridge was designed using Eurocodes but adopting the principles given in BD 90/05 and the EuroComp design handbook. This paper will describe the background and constraints that influenced the design decisions. The design of the new FRP deck will be considered together with the construction of the new bridge in a sensitive location.
Effect of spudcan geometry on penetration and extraction resistance in clay
Authors: HOSSAIN M.S. , ZHENG J. , HUSTON A.
Published: February 2015

Spudcan foundations of various geometries are commonly used in the field for supporting offshore oil and gas drilling (jack-up) rigs. This paper investigates the effect of the spudcan and its base geometry on the penetration and extraction resistance in soft normally and lightly overconsolidated clay. A series of centrifuge tests was undertaken on model spudcans of three different geometries typically used in the field. The spudcans were extracted from penetrations of 2·64∼3 (area equivalent) diameters and after an operation period of ∼19 months. Additional large-deformation finite-element analyses allowed for exploring a range of spudcan base geometries. Corresponding field data were accumulated. The results from this study have confirmed the accuracy of the assumption of a circular conical-based footing and the use of area equivalent diameter for assessing spudcan penetration resistance, as suggested by ISO guidelines 19905-1. Simulation of a flat-based circular plate resulted in 19% higher resistance compared to that of conical-based footings. For spudcans with cutouts and with a peripheral skirt, maximum penetration resistances were, respectively, 14 and 12% lower, and maximum extraction resistances were 20 and 14% lower compared to those for a general spudcan. The corresponding required jack-up leg length was 9 and 7% higher. The effect of peripheral skirt length was shown to be minimal (at least for length relative to spudcan diameter ≤ 0·42).
In situ stresses in bridge beams. Part I: concrete stresses
Authors: McGinnis Michael J.
Published: February 2015

An advanced investigation of the core-drilling method (CDM) for direct application in bridge assessment is conducted. In the CDM a small hole is drilled into concrete and the displacements that occur as a result of load redistribution around the hole are measured and related to in situ stress. Knowledge of the stress profile within the concrete of a girder would allow determination of the magnitude and location of force in its prestressing steel. This paper discusses evaluations of concrete stresses with the CDM using drilled holes 100, 75 and 50 mm in diameter, because existing work used the size 150 mm, which is impractical in field evaluations of many bridge girders. The present paper verifies that the method can be used with relatively small holes to determine stresses in concrete slabs; the technique has also been used to investigate the stresses in a prestressed girder and its prestressing steel, showing that the in situ prestressing force could be determined (see the companion paper). The tests herein show that the CDM with small holes gives stress predictions with an average error of 1·01 MPa, 16·7% of the applied stress. The accuracy is relatively independent of the hole size (for the sizes considered), and thus future investigations in structures can consider using these smaller hole sizes.