bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Value of News: Aligning Economic and Social Value From an Institutional Perspective
Authors: Flew Terry , Stepnik Agata
Published: November 2023

Journalism is considered essential to a functioning democracy. However, the continued viability of commercial news production is uncertain. News producers continue to lose advertising revenue to platform businesses dominating digital advertising markets, and alternate consumer direct revenue streams are not yet meeting the financial shortfall. This has led to questions of who should pay for news, the role of governments in maintaining news production viability, and whether digital platforms have social or economic responsibilities to pay news publishers. In this article, we seek to make explicit what is often implicit in such debates, which is the value of news. This is hard to know in advance as news is an experience good whose value and quality are only known after consuming it, and a credence good, whose perceived qualities may not be observable even after it is consumed. As such, preparedness to pay for news can be hard to ascertain, accentuated by the large amount of free news available online. This article seeks to use a value perspective to consider the relationship between individual consumer choices and questions of news’s value to society. Applying a new institutional economic perspective, it is observed that the value of news as a consumer product needs to be examined in relation to its value as a social good in democratic societies as both a media product and part of the institutional environment in which other social actors operate. We consider news’s social and economic value within a context of platformed news distribution and declining advertising revenues that appear to be structural and not cyclical.
Planning, Manufacturing, and Sustainability: Three Research Themes
Authors: Dierwechter Yonn , Pendras Mark
Published: November 2023

This thematic issue explores the role that revived emplacements of manufacturing and “blue-collar” work play in the search for more effective models of urban sustainability, drawing on intriguing developments in different cities of different sizes in different Western societies—the UK, Germany, Switzerland, the USA, and Australia. Rather than see industry as a “problem” for green city strategies, our point of departure considers what role manufacturing and “blue-collar” work can (and do) play in the search for more effective models of urban sustainability. The articles included here deploy a range of research methodologies, albeit with a predominant emphasis on qualitative case studies, to raise key challenges for urban and regional industrial planning. This editorial provides some overarching context and commentary on the topic and specifically discusses three synoptic themes that emerged most prominently from the collection of articles: the difficulty (and importance) of identifying and illustrating the practical sustainability benefits of local manufacturing; the complexity of advancing “conspicuous production” in the urban context; and the need to broaden industrial politics and planning in order to better utilize existing industrial spaces and enhance the role of production in the city. These themes help to capture emerging trends and challenges in the field while providing foundations for future research.
The Concept of the Digital Play by S. Edwards in the Context of the Cultural-Historical Paradigm
Authors: Salomatova O.V.
Published: November 2023

The article presents an analysis of the works of S. Edwards devoted to the development of a holistic concept of digital play in the tradition of the Cultural-Historical Scientific School. The main difficulties are connected with the transformation of the idea of mediation into the context of digital technologies. We analyzed the understanding of the idea of mediation in the works of L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, Y. Engeström\. On the basis of the studies of O.K. Tikhomirov, O.V. Rubtsova, S.A. Smirnov, G. Rückriem and studied how the concept of mediation can be transformed in the era of digital technologies. We also analyzed the transformation of the key concepts of the cultural-historical psychology in the works of S. Edwards, such as children's play. The contemporary children's play reflects the processes of digitalization and cultural globalization of contemporary childhood. S. Edwards introduces the concept of convergent play as the leading activity of contemporary children. Convergent play is characterized by the blurring of boundaries between traditional and digital play and the integration of digital technologies into the daily lives of children. The author argues that it is necessary to create a holistic concept of digital play corresponding to the cultural-historical tradition.
Modern and Historical Parallels of Perception of Anomie in Armenian Society
Authors: Gevorgyan S.R. , Hakobyan N.R. , Kazanchian L.A. , Khachatryan A.G.
Published: November 2023

The characteristics of perception of anomie are revealed both in modern societies and in the historical past. Although the psychological phenomenon of anomie is expressed in thinking specific for various historical periods, the study of historical and modern parallels allows us to see some models of the development of psychological scientific thought and perception of anomie. Anomie is presented as a psychological pattern of perception with certain characteristics such as social apathy, emotional burnout, alienation, normlessness, social isolation and others. The variety of causes and manifestations of anomie requires the search for new ways and strategies for studying human activity and motivation, which will not only reduce the risks of social apathy, but also adapt the individual to the conditions of rapidly changing social processes. In order to do it it is necessary to study the relationship between the various components of perception of anomie and compare modern anomie issues with historical parallels. The identification of modern and historical parallels in the development of the phenomenon of anomie shows the changes of perception of socio-psychological well-being and worldview. In the methodological sense, the comparative method of the investigation of the perception of anomie allows us to reveal and highlight the historical basis of human worldview.
A Comparative Study of Open-Source Digital Library Software: Designing a Model Selection Criterion
Authors: Ajimuddin S. K. Md. , Jana Sibsankar , Khatun Samima
Published: November 2023

Every organization and institute is using various software for day-to-day functions and activities. The libraries are no exception. To give better library services and to satisfy growing users’ demands, designing a digital library is essential. There are various digital library software packages in the public domain. This study has attempted to compare popular open-source digital library software and design standard selection criteria for the same.
Pengaruh model problem based learning berbasis daring terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis ditinjau dari motivasi belajar peserta didik SMAN 8 Malang
Authors: Bangsa Bryan Kusuma , Suharto Yusuf , Astina I Komang
Published: November 2023

Technological advances influence world education. Advantages internet technology are beneficial dealing with online learning to COVID-19 pandemic. There are several learning models suitable for online learning, one which is the problem-based learning (PBL) model. PBL model is way of learning that refers to problems that can grow critical thinking skills. The learning motivation factor affects critical thinking skills. This study wanted to find out the influence online-based PBL model on critical thinking skills in terms learning motivation students at SMAN 8 Malang. This research is quantitative research with experimental method. Quasi-experimental (quasi-experimental) with posttest control group design is design used in study. Class X IIS was chosen as research subject. Random sampling is a method used to determine experimental class and control class. Based on results t-test, it was obtained that sig value of 0.009, probability value less than 0.05 and average value of the experimental class was 77.0 higher than control class 72.1, so online-based PBL model affected the critical thinking skills students of SMAN 8 Malang. Based on the results f-test, a sig value of 0.710 probability value less than 0.05 was obtained, so online-based PBL model had no significant effect on critical thinking skills in terms learning motivation students at SMAN 8 Malang.

Kemajuan teknologi memiliki pengaruh terhadap dunia pendidikan. Keunggulan teknologi internet sangat berguna menghadapi pembelajarn online karena pandemi COVID-19. Beberapa model belajar cocok dengan pembelajaran secara online salah satunya Model problem-based learning (PBL). Model PBL merupakan cara belajar mengacu pada masalah sehingga menumbuhkan keteramilan berpikir kritis. Motivasi belajar menjadi faktor mempengaruhi kemampuan berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini ingin mencari tahu adanya pengaruh model PBL berbasis daring terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis ditinjau dari motivasi belajar peserta didik SMAN 8 Malang. Penelitian ini penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode eksprimen. Eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan posttest control group design adalah desain yang digunakan. Kelas X IIS dipilih sebagai subjek penelitian. Random sampling adalah cara yang digunakan untuk menentuan kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil uji t-test diperoleh sig 0,009 nilai probabilitas kurang dari 0,05 dan nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi 77,0 daripada kelas kontrol 72,1 maka model PBL berbasis daring berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis kelas peserta didik SMAN 8 Malang. Berdasarkan hasil uji f-test diperoleh sig 0,710 nilai probabilitas kurang dari 0,05, maka model PBL berbasis daring memiliki pengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis ditinjau dari motivasi belajar peserta didik SMAN 8 Malang.
Pengaruh model problem based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMA Mazra’atul Ulum Paciran
Authors: Nisa’ Ihda Sholihatin , Budijanto Budijanto , Wagistina Satti , Suharto Yusuf
Published: November 2023

Students' critical thinking skills can be trained through problem-based learning (PBL) learning models. This study aimed to determine the effect of problem-based learning on students' critical thinking skills in geography lessons. The type of research used was a quasi-experiment with a posttest only control group design involving 2 classes based on a purposive sampling technique. The instrument used is an essay with indicators of critical thinking skills. The research was conducted at SMA Mazra'atul Ulum Paciran Lamongan. The subjects of this study were XI IIS 2 as the control class and XI IIS 1 as the experimental class. The instrument used is the independent sample T-test. Based on the test results with the t-test, the sig value was obtained. 2 tailed is 0.002 less than 0.05, meaning there is a significant difference between critical thinking skills in the class using the PBL and conventional models. The results also show that the experimental class has a higher critical thinking ability than the control class. It can be concluded that PBL affects students' critical thinking skills at SMA Mazra'atul Ulum Paciran.

Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dapat dilatih melalui model pembelajaran problem-based learning (PBL). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari model problem-based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada pelajaran geografi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu quasi experiment dengan desain posttest only control group desain yang melibatkan 2 kelas berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes essay dengan indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMA Mazra’atul Ulum Paciran Lamongan. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu XI IIS 2 sebagai kelas kontrol dan XI IIS 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu Independent sample T-test. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dengan uji-t diperoleh nilai sig. 2 tailed sebesar 0,002 kurang dari 0,05 yang berarti, ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan berpikir kritis pada kelas yang menggunakan model PBL dan konvensional. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan jika kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai kemampuan berpikir kritis lebih unggul dari kelas kontrol. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa PBL berpengaruh pada kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa di SMA Mazra’atul Ulum Paciran.
The faces of the holiness of Otto of Bamberg and the messages that flow from them for contemporary people
Authors: Wejman Henryk
Published: November 2023

Celem niniejszego przedłożenia było ukazanie wartości postawy świętości Ottona z Bambergu dla współczesnych ludzi. Realizacja tak określonego celu nie mogła nie rozpocząć się od odsłonięcia uwarunkowań nadprzyrodzonych świętości, tj. Bożego powołania człowieka do niej, i tych naturalnych, tj. świadomości tego Boskiego zaproszenia ze strony Ottona. Następnym krokiem w realizacji celu było zaprezentowanie responsoryjnego wymiaru powołania do świętości, czyli ukazaniu Ottonowej odpowiedzi na to powołanie. W zakres tej odpowiedzi ze strony Ottona weszły: ofiarna posługa Chrystusowi w Jego Kościele, wrażliwość na bliźnich i wierność osobistej godności i powierzonej misji. Te trzy elementy stanowiły formy pełnienia przez Ottona powołania do świętości. Ich odsłonięcie pozwoliło na uwypuklenie płaszczyzn jego oddziaływania na współczesne działania ludzi w społeczeństwie. W tym względzie wpływu jego postawy świętości można upatrywać we wskazaniu na podstawę wszelkiego ładu w społeczeństwie i jedności w Kościele, jakim jest wierność Chrystusowej Ewangelii, w okazywaniu wsparcia ludziom w potrzebie jako wymiaru świadectwa o Chrystusie i w otwartości w duchu dialogu na ludzi, którzy wyznają inną wiarę i kierują się odmiennym światopoglądem jako podstawy wprowadzania między nimi pokoju. Właśnie w tych płaszczyznach zawiera się aktualność duchowości Ottona z Bambergu.
Introductory catechesis on community life in the context of the assumptions of the pastoral program for the Church in Poland “I believe in the Church of Christ”
Authors: Buchta Roman
Published: November 2023

Program duszpasterski Konferencji Episkopatu Polski na rok liturgiczny 2022/2023 „Wierzę w Kościół Chrystusowy” jako pierwszorzędne zadanie duszpasterskie wskazuje budzenie i umacnianie wiary w Kościół. Uzasadnieniem podjęcia wskazanej tematyki są obserwowane przejawy utraty zaufania wobec wspólnoty Kościoła oraz zwołanie przez Franciszka Synodu o synodalności. Soborowa wizja Kościoła: otwartego, wspólnotowego i służebnego pozostaje nadal niezrealizowanym programem odnowy. Realizacja tego zadania zakłada podniesienie u wiernych poziomu rozumienia Kościoła oraz obudzenia w nich świadomości bycia Kościołem. W wymiarze katechetycznym, zadanie to powinno zostać zrealizowane poprzez wprowadzanie do życia wspólnotowego. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie szczegółowych zadań dla katechezy wprowadzającej do życia wspólnotowego w Kościele, próba oceny obecnej sytuacji katechetyczno-duszpasterskiej oraz prezentacja podejmowanych w Kościele katowickim inicjatyw wspomagających wprowadzanie do życia wspólnotowego.
Ks. Władysław Kisielewicz (1868-1943). Sylwetka duszpasterza polonijnego
Authors: Walicki Bartosz
Published: November 2023

Ksiądz Władysław Kisielewicz urodził się 11 czerwca 1868 r. w Leżajsku. Był absolwentem Gimnazjum w Rzeszowie. Przygotowanie do kapłaństwa odbył w Seminarium Duchownym w Przemyślu. Święcenia kapłańskie przyjął 20 lipca 1892 r. Bezpośrednio po święceniach podjął pracę w Seminarium Polskim w Detroit w Stanach Zjednoczonych. W 1897 r. pełnił przez kilka miesięcy obowiązki misjonarza dla Polaków i Litwinów w New Britain i Hartford. Kolejno pracował duszpastersko wśród katolickich emigrantów i polskich robotników w Hamburgu. W 1906 r. wrócił do kraju. Był ekspozytem w Nisku (1906-1910) oraz proboszczem w Stobiernej (1910-1916) i Staromieściu (od 1916). Zasłynął jako ceniony duszpasterz. Prócz zwykłej pracy kapłańskiej, angażował się w działalność społeczną. Zmarł 10 września 1943 r.
Bóg Honor Ojczyzna. Sztandar-relikwia Polskich Sił Powietrznych (część druga)
Authors: Kunert Andrzej Krzysztof
Published: November 2023

Druga część niniejszego tekstu poświęcona jest niezwykłej historii sztandaru dla polskich lotników, który – wykonany potajemnie w okupowanym kraju – został przemycony drogą lądową i następnie powietrzną z Wilna via Kowno–Berlin–Sztokholm do Londynu. Wręczony lotnikom 16 lipca 1941 r. w Swinderby przez Naczelnego Wodza Polskich Sił Zbrojnych na uchodźstwie gen. broni Władysława Sikorskiego, do końca II wojny światowej przekazywany był co trzy miesiące kolejnym polskim dywizjonom. Uważany już wówczas – i jest tak do dzisiaj – za sztandar-‑relikwię Polskich Sił Powietrznych, mógł wrócić do wolnej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej dopiero 3 września 1992 r., za to na pokładzie prezydenckiego samolotu, witany w Warszawie przez Prezydenta RP Lecha Wałęsę. W momencie wylądowania na polskiej ziemi sztandar lotników był już po raz drugi w historii Polski pierwszym sztandarem wojskowym z dewizą „Bóg Honor Ojczyzna”, wyprzedzającym formalne jej wprowadzenie na sztandary Sił Zbrojnych RP na mocy ustawy z 19 lutego 1993 r.
Factores de riesgo de leptospirosis y sus métodos diagnósticos
Authors: Barrera Cepeda Diana Lorena , Torres Martínez Dayana Sofía , Orjuela Vargas Liliana
Published: November 2023

La leptospirosis es una enfermedad transmitida de animales a humanos, provocada por especies patógenas de Leptospira spp. Este microorganismo sobrevive en el ambiente varias semanas tanto en agua como en el suelo. Además de esto, los reservorios principales son los roedores, caninos, porcinos y bovinos. Los brotes son frecuentes en países tropicales y subtropicales. El objetivo inicial es identificar los factores de riesgo de leptospirosis y los métodos diagnósticos por medio de una revisión narrativa. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura de artículos en español y en las bases de datos Google Scholar, Lilacs, Redalyc, Medigraphic, Scielo, ProQuest, Publimed y ScienceDirect, entre 2016 y 2021, haciendo uso de palabras clave como leptospirosis, factores de riesgo, diagnóstico, epidemiología y zoonosis. Teniendo en cuenta la revisión narrativa de la literatura en los 50 artículos consultados se puede determinar que los trabajadores con mayor predisposición a contagio de leptospirosis son los agricultores, trabajadores de mataderos, piscícolas, recolectores de basura, veterinarios auxiliares, ordeñadores de granja, industria pecuaria. Dentro los factores determinantes se encontró el uso inapropiado de elementos de protección personal (EPP), desconocimiento de la enfermedad, consumo de aguas contaminadas, comer en plantas de sacrificio, entre otros. Una de las conclusiones es que se identificó la similitud en los diferentes artículos consultados en cuanto al contagio, que se presenta más en hombres que en mujeres debido a las diferentes prácticas que realizan, también se evidenció que la zona rural tiene poca atención médica y representa un alto índice de transmisión de leptospirosis.
Our method of cochlear implantation for common cavity malformations of inner ear
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology,  Saint Petersburg, 199106, Russia, Tunyan N. T. , Bychkova E. V. ,   Saint Petersburg City Children’s Audiological Center, Saint Petersburg, 194356, Russia
Published: November 2023

According to various authors, in 20% of children with sensorineural hearing loss or deafness, anomalies in the structure of the temporal bones are determined according to the results of computed tomography. Cochlear implantation in the presence of cochleovestibular malformations is associated with a number of difficulties. These include the peculiarities of cochleostomy and placing of the electrode inside the cochlea, the risk of damage to the facial nerve due to its abnormal location, intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks, which can lead to the development of bacterial meningitis in the postoperative period as well as the risk of penetration of the electrode into the internal auditory canal. In this research, we present our method of performing cochlear implantation in case of a malformation in the development of the inner ear – the common cavity.
Polyetiology of low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Kozarenko M. A. , Egorov V. I. ,   Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, 129110, Russia, Klyachko D. S. ,   Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Anosova L. V. ,   Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia
Published: November 2023

Despite the successes of modern medical science, a powerful arsenal of diagnostic techniques (including neurophysiological methods and neuroimaging), the diagnosis for cochleovestibular disorders usually depends on the personal experience of the doctor and is based on the results of a clinical examination and symptomatic criteria. Given the complexity of identifying idiopathic Meniere’s disease, this paper discusses a number of comorbid and conjugate conditions accompanied by low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Due to the variety of causes of the development of this type of hearing loss, emphasis is placed on the expediency of expanding the examination of patients in this category.
Age-related features of the course of combined acute inflammatory pathology of the rhino-orbital zone and middle ear in children
Authors:   Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine,  Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia, Baranov K. K. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
Published: November 2023

Acute inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses can contribute to the development of pathological processes in the auditory tube and middle ear, lacrimal ducts and orbit. Purpose of the study: to identify age-related features of the course of combined acute inflammatory pathology of the rhino-orbital zone and middle ear in children that require consideration in the treatment of these diseases. 248 patients in the study were divided into five groups: children aged 3-4 weeks to 11 months, from 1 year to 2 years, from 3 to 6 years, from 7 to 11 years old, from 12 to 17 years old. In children of the first years of life, a combination of acute otitis media and rhinitis was often noted, with concomitant conjunctivitis, stenosis of the nasolacrimal canal, or dacryocystitis. Acute sinusitis, their orbital complications, occurring in combination with the pathology of the lacrimal system and the middle ear, mainly occurred in children from 3 years of age and older. All patients underwent conservative treatment: topical and systemic decongestant, anti-inflammatory, unloading, irrigation-elimination, mucolytic therapy. Oxymetazoline was used as a decongestant, taking into account the age of the child. Systemic beta-lactam antibiotics were prescribed according to indications. Surgical interventions were carried out: puncture of the maxillary sinuses for sinusitis in children from 7 years of age, endoscopic sinus surgery for reactive edema of the tissue and subperiosteal abscess upholstered. Ophthalmological care was provided aimed at stopping conjunctivitis and disrupting the outflow of tears (using eye drops, probing and recanalization of the lacrimal ducts). In all groups, patients showed a positive dynamics of the course of diseases and recovery.
Enseñar a comprender textos en la escuela secundaria: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Tonani Juliana , Chimenti María de los Ángeles
Published: November 2023

La comprensión de textos es una habilidad compleja que se aprende a lo largo de la vida, requiere enseñanza explícita y es central en la escuela por su potencial epistémico. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión sistemática de propuestas destinadas a enseñar y a comprender textos a estudiantes hispanohablantes de nivel secundario, en el contexto iberoamericano en el período 2012-2022. Se localizaron 14 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y que refieren a 12 propuestas de enseñanza. Se identificaron distintas actividades y se encontró que las más frecuentes promueven las habilidades de jerarquización de la información y de generación de inferencias. Además, se observó que en la mayoría de las propuestas se combinan actividades orientadas al desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas y metacognitivas, se trabaja con textos expositivos, y las secuencias didácticas se suelen estructurar en torno a la enseñanza explícita de estrategias de comprensión. Teniendo en cuenta que las propuestas revisadas tienden a implementarse al comienzo de la escolaridad secundaria, y que en solo tres casos el desarrollo de prácticas de lectura se combina con la enseñanza de contenidos curriculares, la presente revisión pone en evidencia que se requieren estudios que promuevan el abordaje de la comprensión de textos en conjunto con la enseñanza de los contenidos propios de las distintas asignaturas, en especial en los últimos años de la escuela secundaria.
Disability, Stigma, and the Pursuit of Social Justice: Future Research Directions
Authors: Hossen Md Mozadded , Reed Bruce
Published: November 2023

Disability, stigma, and the pursuit of social justice are interrelated problems that have an impact on how people with disabilities live their lives. Disability is a condition that affects a person’s capacity to do activities or tasks due to their physical, cognitive, or mental limitations. The individual with a disability is frequently the target of stigma, which is a negative social judgment or form of discrimination. The efforts made to guarantee that people with disability have the same rights and opportunities as people without disabilities are referred to as the pursuit of social justice. Barriers to social inclusion and equality for people with disability may be significantly exacerbated by the interaction between stigma and disability. Physical impediments such as inaccessible structures as well as psychological impediments such as prejudices against people with disabilities both exist. These obstacles often make it difficult for people with disability to participate fully in society. To achieve social justice for people with disabilities, advocacy and continued research must be made for the removal of these obstacles, as well as efforts to ensure inclusion and acceptance in all facets of society. This may entail initiatives to improve accessibility, fight prejudice, and stereotypes, and promote the needs and rights of people with disabilities. This conceptual article will analyze the importance of social justice for people with disabilities to build a more inclusive society in which everyone can participate fully and achieve success; it will conclude with recommended directions for future research.
Vishva Dixit Shares Insights on His Early Influences, Research Career, Key Findings, and What it Takes to Be Successful in Science
Authors: Greenspan Neil S.
Published: November 2023

In this interview, Vishva Dixit, MD, talks with Neil S. Greenspan, MD, PhD, senior editor of Pathogens and Immunity aboutwhat his career in science has revealed about biology in humans, but also what it has revealed about how to be successful in science. Dr. Dixit is a world-famous immunologist and biochemist who has made major contributions to the study of innate immunity in general and particularly to understanding inflammasome activation. He is vice president and senior fellow in physiological chemistry at Genentech.
Análisis de la gestión pública de transporte y accesibilidad universal en Ecuador = Analysis of the public management of transport and universal accessibility in Ecuador
Authors: Chacón Martínez Katherine M.
Published: November 2023

Resumen La gestión pública de transporte y accesibilidad universal en Ecuador está cambiando a partir de la generación del “Plan de Movilidad Urbana y Sostenible”. En este contexto, este estudio se basa en el análisis de los procesos administrativos y mecanismos de implementación desde un enfoque sistémico investigando a cada una de las instituciones que intervienen en el sistema de transporte terrestre y que permitan reconocer el estado actual de los métodos administrativos que rigen la accesibilidad e inclusión. La investigación se basa en tres componentes: identificación de las instituciones involucradas, entrevistas individuales y/o grupales y análisis a los estatutos y atribuciones institucionales. Los resultados muestran las fortalezas y debilidades dentro del accionar para así proponer recomendaciones generales que permitan fortalecer la gestión pública y contribuyan a la planificación e implementación de sistemas de transporte terrestre accesibles en el país.  Abstract  The public management of transport and universal accessibility in Ecuador is changing from the generation of the "Urban and Sustainable Mobility Plan". In this context, this study is based on the analysis of the administrative processes and implementation mechanisms from a systemic approach, investigating each of the institutions that intervene in the land transport system and that allow recognizing the current state of the administrative methods that govern accessibility and inclusion. The research is based on three components: identification of the institutions involved, individual and/or group interviews, and analysis of the institutional statutes and attributions. The results show the strengths and weaknesses within the action to propose general recommendations to strengthen public management and contribute to the planning and implementation of accessible land transportation systems in the country.
Influence of Dendritic and Equiaxed Microstructure on Tensile Properties Variation in AZ91D
Authors: Jarfors Anders E. W. , Xiangjie Yang , Xia Hanyi , Yu Anshan , Andersson Nils-Eric
Published: November 2023

There has been controversy around the mechanical properties of Mg-alloys such as AZ91D and the large variation of these have been seen. The current paper addresses this controversy through specially fabricated samples combined with tensile testing and advanced metallography, including 3D reconstruction of the phases. The results show that despite a more brittle nature of the fracture, the equiaxed microstructure displays a better elongation as compared to a dendritic microstructure. The main conclusion is that this is primarily caused by the nature, or tortuosity, of the Mg17Al12-network in the material.
Role of the C-terminal β Sandwich of Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis Thermophilic Esterase in Hydrolysis of Long Chain Acyl Substrates
Authors: Joel Enoch B , Aberuagba Adepeju , Bello Adebayo , Akanbi-Gada Mariam , Igunnu Adedoyin , Malomo Sylvia Omonirume , Olorunniji Femi J.
Published: November 2023

To search for novel thermostable esterase for optimized industrial applications, esterase from a thermophilic eubacterium species, Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis MB4 was purified and characterised in this work. Sequence analysis of T. tengcongensis esterase with other homologous esterases of the same family revealed an apparent tail at the C-terminal that is not conserved across the esterase family. Hence, it was hypothesized that the tail is unlikely to have an essential structural or catalytic role. However, there is no documented report of any role for this tail region. We probed the role of the C-terminal domain on the catalytic activity and substrate preference of Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis esterase EstA3 with a view to see how it could be engineered for enhanced properties. To achieve this, we cloned, expressed, and purified the wild-type and the truncated version of the enzyme. In addition, a naturally occurring member of the family (from B. brevis) that lacks the C-terminal tail was also made. In vitro characterization of the purified enzymes showed that the C-terminal domain contributes significantly to the catalytic activity and distinct substrate preference of T. tengcongensis esterase EstA3. All the three recombinant enzymes showed highest preference to paranitrophenyl butyrate (pNPC4), which suggests they are true esterases, not lipases. kinetic data revealed that truncation had a slight effect on the substrate-binding affinity. Thus, the drop in preference towards long-chain substrates might not be a result of substrate binding affinity alone.
Tunable Switching between Slow and Fast Light in the Double Metal Nanoparticles (MNPs)-Quantum Dot (QD) Plasmonic Hybrid Systems
Authors: Al Maqtouf Maram , Tohari Mariam
Published: November 2023

Plasmonic nanocomposites have the ability to enhance light-matter interaction due to the plasmonic effects leading to promising potential applications. In this paper, we theoretically study the group index of the silver nanoparticle-gold nanoparticle-quantum dot plasmonic hybrid system in the optical region of the electromagnetic spectrum using the density matrix approach. The quantum dot is considered to be a three-level atomic system of a lambda configuration, interacting with strong control and weak probe fields. We find that the plasmonic hybrid system exhibits at near resonance a strong switching between slow and fast light, which can be controlled by the inclination angle of the gold nanoparticle and the size of the metals nanoparticles, in addition to the strength and detuning of the control field. Thus, the silver nanoparticle-gold nanoparticle-quantum dot could potentially be used in optoelectronic devices.
Recent developments and Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Safeguards of ChatGPT4 and BARD
Authors: Goga Alexandru Silviu
Published: November 2023

With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), ensuring ethical safeguards is paramount, especially for powerful Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper delves into the challenges and implications of AI's transformative potential, particularly the risks associated with the generation of harmful content. A comprehensive review of existing ethical guidelines and risk assessment strategies is provided, highlighting notable efforts like the Asilomar AI Principles and the IEEE Ethically Aligned Design guidelines. The novel concept of "indelible ethical frameworks" is introduced, emphasizing the embedding of ethical constructs deep within AI systems to make them resistant to tampering. A critical analysis of this approach is presented, acknowledging its potential while addressing its challenges. The paper also explores the intricacies of ethically programming LLMs, emphasizing the significance of prompt engineering and the handling of unusual prompts. Through a series of witty exposés, the ethical journey of language models is narrated, likening their programming challenges to real-world ethical dilemmas. The piece concludes with proposed methodologies for researching AI safeguards, advocating for both reverse engineering complemented by ethical hacking and longitudinal monitoring with audit trails. These methodologies aim to reinforce the ethical integrity of AI systems, ensuring they are beneficial, transparent, and aligned with societal values..
Psychometric Properties of a Cyberaggression Measure in Mexican Students
Authors: Navarro-Rodríguez Christián Denisse , Bauman Sheri , Vera-Noriega José Ángel , Lagarda Lagarda Angel Emigdio
Published: November 2023

Cyberaggression is an important problem today; it can affect adolescents in different ways. Therefore, reliable and valid measures are necessary to better study the phenomenon. The aim of the present study was to generate validity and reliability evidence for a Spanish-language cyberaggression scale in a population of adolescents from northwestern Mexico. The results of this study contribute to the research and focus on cyberaggression in adolescents in Mexico. The measure in this article differs from other measures by detecting the different roles, including the bystander, contributing to the state of knowledge about cyberaggression, ratifying the presence of this actor that has not been sufficiently explored in the cyber context.
Geospatial Approaches to Improve Water Availability through Demand Assessment in Agriculture based on Treated Wastewater: A Case Study on Weinstadt, Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Karmaker Sourav , Bandyopadhyay Sanchalita , Bauer Sonja
Published: November 2023

The sustainable management of water scarcity is a global crucial issue. Germany has established efficient water management systems, but the agricultural sector still struggles with water scarcity as the demand surpasses the available water supply. The primary aim is to establish a framework for making water accessible for irrigation and additional use on households through the effective utilization of recycled water from wastewater treatment facilities. The research inquiries are focused on evaluating the changes in the agricultural irrigation model in CROPWAT, determining the spatial distribution of zonal severity, estimating the capacity of urban roof catchments, and evaluating the reduction in the volume of water required from the existing supply. According to the findings, the annual amount of water required for agriculture in the designated study location is approximately 2.9 million m3. Although there is no initial need for irrigation water, yet the demand for irrigation water increases during the development, active growth, and mature stages of maize, winter wheat, and wine grapes, reaching around 189mm, 225mm, and 62mm, respectively. According to our observation, the annual water supply in Weinstadt is around 4 million m3. On the other hand, the amount of water that calculated from urban roof rainfall is estimated 0.8 million m3, which is considered valuable from an economic standpoint. The decrease in the amount of water utilized in wastewater treatment presents an opportunity for enhanced agricultural irrigation.
A Metabolic Regulation of Immune Response: Immunometabolism during Viral Infection
Authors: El Safadi Daed , Paulo-Ramos Aurélie , Hoareau Mathilde , Roche Marjolaine , Krejbich-Trotot Pascale , Lebeau Grégorie , Viranaicken Wildriss
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the emergence of the concept of immunometabolism has shed light on the pivotal role that cellular metabolism plays in both the activation of immune cells and the development of immune programs. The antiviral response, a widely distributed defense mechanism used by infected cells, serves to not only control infections but also to attenuates their deleterious effects. The exploration of the role of metabolism in orchestrating the antiviral response represents a burgeoning area of research, especially considering the escalating incidence of viral outbreaks coupled with the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases. Here, we present a review of current knowledge regarding immunometabolism and the antiviral response during viral infections. Initially, we delve into the concept of immunometabolism by examining its application in the field of cancer—a domain that has long spearheaded inquiries into this fascinating intersection of disciplines. Subsequently, we explore examples of immune cells whose activation is intricately regulated by metabolic processes. Progressing with a systematic and cellular approach, our aim is to unravel the potential role of metabolism in antiviral defense, placing significant emphasis on the innate and canonical interferon response.
STRENGTHENING THE CHARACTER OF STUDENTS' LEARNING DISCIPLINE THROUGH YOUTUBE MEDIA
Authors: Nita Nursinta Dewi
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The focus of this research is to: 1) Understand the teacher's role in character building in Mim Krakitan Bayat. 2) Analyze the methods used by the teacher to strengthen student learning discipline using YouTube media. 3) Identify teachers' challenges and solutions to improving the character of learning discipline. Research approach: descriptive-qualitative. Data: observation, interviews, documentation, analyzed inductively. Result: Teaching the character of discipline through YouTube at Mim Krakitan Bayat brings positive changes to students' behavior. They become more disciplined in terms of collecting assignments, homework, time management while studying, polite behavior in class, and a more regular study pattern. The teacher's role in strengthening the character of learning discipline has proven to be very significant because it forms the mindset and behavior of discipline from an early age. The use of the YouTube platform as a reinforcement tool is also very effective because it is easier for students to understand and apply concepts through the visual format presented in the video. Within a certain period of time, positive changes in students become increasingly visible. In the process of strengthening character, teachers face several challenges, but they manage to overcome them with creativity and the right strategy. These solutions help teachers build and strengthen student discipline in learning contexts.
Sürdürülebilir Finans Kapsamında Çevresel, Sosyal ve Kurumsal Yönetim (ESG) ile Banka Karlılığı Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Uluslararası Bir Araştırma
Authors: ARSLAN Zühal , GÖÇMEN YAĞCILAR Gamze
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bankaların çevresel, sosyal ve kurumsal yönetim (ESG) faaliyetlerinden elde edilen performanslarının bileşenleri olan ESG skoru, Kombine ESG skoru, ESG tartışma skoru, ESG sosyal skoru, ESG kurumsal yönetim skoru ve ESG çevresel skorunun aktif ve özsermaye karlılıklarına etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaçla 2010-2019 yılları arasında 25 ülkeden 63 banka kapsama alınmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ESG kurumsal yönetim skorunun banka aktif karlılığını pozitif; ESG, ESG sosyal ve ESG çevresel skorunun aktif karlılığı negatif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca banka özsermaye karlılığı ile ESG sosyal skoru arasında negatif yönlü ilişki olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen bulguların pek çok kesim için yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir. Bulgular bankaların sorumlu ve sürdürülebilir finansmanı destekleme noktasında ortaya çıkan kazanç ve maliyetler konusunda aydınlatıcı olmaktadır. Ayrıca kamu ve özel sektör işletmelerinin sermaye bütçelemesi ve yatırımların değerlemesi aşamalarında ESG bileşenlerinin de finansal performans ile ilişkisini gözetmeleri gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Diğer taraftan düzenleyici ve denetleyici kuruluşlara sermaye verimliliğini arttıracak ve kurumsal finansman maliyetlerini düşürecek ESG uygulamalarının belirlenmesi ve teşviki ile ilgili düzenleme ve yönergelerin oluşturulmasında yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir. Kurumsal ve bireysel yatırımcıların ise sürdürülebilirlik ilkelerini yatırım süreçlerine entegre ederken sosyal sorumlu firmalarla oluşturulacak portföylerde ESG bileşenlerinin portföy performansı üzerindeki etkilerini anlamalarına yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
A new pseudolepidinid foraminifer, Hanovolepidina browni gen. nov. sp. nov., from the middle Eocene (mid-Lutetian) of Jamaica and its significance
Authors: Mitchell Simon F.
Published: November 2023

The new larger benthic foraminifer, Hanovolepidina browni gen. nov. sp. nov., is described from the Chapelton Formation (mid-Lutetian, middle Eocene, ABZ7) of Jamaica. The genus shows the characteristic transition from a single to double equatorial layer about mid-way across the radius as seen in axial sections that characterises the family Pseudolepidinidae. Equatorial sections show the embryo followed by 4 or 5 spiral rotaliid chambers with the last chamber giving rise to a primary spiral and secondary (counter-) spiral of equatorial chambers. The presence of a long rotaliid stage suggests a more primitive form that Pseudolepidina, and Hanovolepidina gen. nov. differs also from the latter in lacking the extra principal accessory chamber seen in axial section. Hanovolepidina gen. nov. is provisionally suggested as an ancestor of the late Eocene Triplalepidina. The new discovery demonstrates a greater diversity of the family Pseudolpeidinidae in the Caribbean that previously recorded, although occurrences of this family are very restricted stratigraphically suggesting that it may appear in the region due to migration events.
A retrospective cohort study: vaccination status and safety analysis of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with Wilson's disease
Authors: Han Hui , Zhao Dan , Fang Xinru , Yang Wenming , Wang Mengli , Liu Qianzhuo , Wang Luyao , Ji Zhihui , Zhang Juan , Hou Zhifeng , Hua Lei , Wang Yu , Wu Limin
Published: November 2023

Background: Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare hepatic and neurological disorder，which can dramatically worsen by traumatic injuries, surgeries, and infections. No studies have reported safety data of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in WD patients. We aimed to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status and post-vaccination adverse events in WD patients.
Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective, observational study. We investigated the vaccination rates, the type of vaccine, subjective reasons for non-vaccination, and the adverse events following vaccination. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between vaccination status and increased Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale (UWDRS) scores.
Results: A total of 554 WD patients with a mean (SD) age of 25.3 (10.85) years were included in this study, of whom 336 (60.6%) were males and 218 (39.4%) were females. 368 (66.4%) patients received at least one dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.186 (33.6%) patients were unvaccinated. Logistic regression analysis showed that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 was not significantly associated with increased UWDRS scores. The safety analysis demonstrated that 21.2% had post-vaccination adverse events.
Conclusion: In this study, vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 was safe in WD patients, providing evidence for the safety of vaccination in WD patients.
In vitro construction of the COQ metabolon unveils the molecular determinants of coenzyme Q biosynthesis
Authors: Mattevi Andrea , Nicoll Callum , Alvigini Laura , Gottinger Andrea , Cecchini Domiziana , Mannucci Barbara , Corana Federica , Mascotti Maria Laura
Published: November 2023

Metabolons are protein assemblies that perform a series of reactions in a metabolic pathway. However, the general importance and aptitude of metabolons for enzyme catalysis remains poorly understood. In animals, biosynthesis of coenzyme Q is currently attributed to ten different proteins with COQ3, COQ4, COQ5, COQ6, COQ7, and COQ9 forming the iconic COQ metabolon. Yet several reaction steps conducted by the metabolon remain enigmatic. To elucidate the prerequisites for animal coenzyme Q biosynthesis, we sought out to construct the entire metabolon in vitro. Here we show that this approach, rooted by ancestral sequence reconstruction, reveals the enzymes responsible for the uncharacterized steps and captures the biosynthetic pathway in vitro. We demonstrate that COQ8, a kinase, increases and streamlines coenzyme Q production. Our findings provide crucial insight into how biocatalytic efficiency is regulated and enhanced by these biosynthetic engines in the context of the cell.