bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dokumentanalyser af Diversity hos Novo Nordisk
Authors: Bertelsen Aletha Camille
Published: October 2023

Denne artikel er et redigeret uddrag af mit spe- ciale i psykologi (Bertelsen, 2006). Undersø- gelsen, som ligger til grund for specialet, er en udforskning af Novo Nordisk-medarbejderes oplevelser af diversity,2 som de viser sig i samtaler med medarbejderne, deltagerobser- vationer og diverse dokumentmaterialer.

Artiklen begrænser sig til den del af under- søgelsen, som omhandler dokumentanalyser. Artiklen er eksplorerende i sin form såvel do- kumentteoretisk (fra traditionelle dokumenter til hypertekster), som metodisk gennem en applikation af dokumentanalyser på to forskel- lige dokumenttyper. Der præsenteres først en konstruktionistisk-interaktionistisk dokument- analyse af NN’s diversity strategi og dernæst en aktør-netværksteoretisk analyse af diversity på NN’s intranet. Ligeledes gennemgås doku- menter – teoretisk og teknisk. Hermed favner artiklen bredt og fungerer overbliksgivende, men går til gengæld ikke i dybden med hver- ken fremstillingen af analysemetoderne eller de teoretiske overvejelser omkring dokumenter og deres betydning for en organisationsfor- ståelse. Dette er på én og samme tid artiklens styrke og svaghed.

Den konstruktionistisk-interaktionistiske dokumentanalyse af NN’s diversity strategi har til formål at illustrere hvordan dokumentet bru- ges og af hvem. Her ekspliciteres forfatternes skabelse af en ekstern aktør (en ubekendt) i di- versity strategien og hvad handlingsperspekti- vet er i brugen af dokumentet. Gennemgående temaer er aktørernes behov for at signalere en retning og et engagement, give forklaringer der “overbeviser” læseren, lave kobling til eksisterende strategier og politikker, etablere aktør “buy in”, rolle- og ansvarsfordeling samt cementere rigtigheden af diversity.

En søgning på ordet “diversity” på NN’s intranet underkastes en aktør-netværksteore- tisk analyse, til perspektivering af en af orga- nisationens praksisser. Denne er interessant, idet den eksemplificerer hvordan et begreb som “equal opportunities” gøres til “talsmand” for diversity gennem en oversættelsesproces, der konstrueres gennem koblinger i relatio- nen mellem den humane aktør (læseren) og den inhumane aktør (intranet dokumentma- terialet) i netværket. Afledt af denne analyse, diskuterer jeg muligheden af, at hypertekster afleder individualiserede betydningsdannelse

i en organisation, med en besværliggørelse af skabelsen og opnåelsen af fælles mål og so- cial kohærens til følge. Og slutteligt foreslås at betydningen af diversity begrebet skabes af den enkelte medarbejder, når denne klikker sig vej gennem hypertekster på NN’s intranet.

Den teoretiske og tekniske belysning af et dokument har til hensigt at give en illustration af et dokuments karriere i en organisation, hvordan institutionelle og kontekstuelle ram- mer påvirker læserens konsumering af doku- mentet, og hvordan tekst og læsere indgår i en relation, hvor de aktivt transformerer hin- anden.
At begribe kreativitet
Authors: Hjorth Rasmus
Published: October 2023

I denne artikel kaster vi os ud i et alternativt forsøg på at analysere begrebet kreativitet. Hovedparten af al nyere kreativitetslitteratur tilslutter sig den generelle opfattelse, at ideer og handlinger skal være nye (novel) og værdi- fulde (useful) for at være kreative (Mumford, 2003:110). Denne artikel går imidlertid en anelse imod strømmen og hævder, at nyhed og værdi ikke bør betragtes som nødvendige kriterier i ethvert forsøg på at indfange og beskrive kreativitet i hverdagslivets forskel- lige praksisser. Artiklen tilbyder i stedet en mere fleksibel og mindre restriktiv definition af kreativitet, der bl.a. hævder, at ideer og handlinger kan være kreative, selv hvis de fx mangler både nyhed og værdi.
“Nu tager vi over”
Authors: Hansen Jeppe Oute , Van Randwijk Christian
Published: October 2023

Ved at trække på Laclau og Mouffes diskurs- teori har vi analyseret og fortolket en eksemplarisk lærebogstekst om psykiatrisk sygepleje, som repræsenterer dominerende opfattelser af forholdet mellem psykiatriske sygeplejersker og patienter. Vores analyse har tydeliggjort, hvordan lærebogen kan strukturere en subjekt- position for den psykiatriske “Sygeplejerske” som en dominerende moderfigur på grundlag af religiøse og kønsessentielle præmisser. Subjektet “Sygeplejersken” artikuleres i kontrast til en subjektivering af “Patienten” som svag og barnagtig. Endvidere diskuterer vi, hvordan disse diskursive artikulationer kan være indlej- ret i professionelle og etiske strukturer i feltet. Artiklen fremhæver relevansen af at inkludere en mere samfundsvidenskabeligt orienteret tilgang til psykiatrisk forskning og praksis.
"Det er som at vente på et tog, der bliver ved med at være forsinket"
Authors: Winther Ida W. , Kousholt Dorte , Jørgensen Nanna J. , Clemensen Nana , Dannesboe Karen Ida
Published: October 2023

I artiklen er vi optaget af de udfordringer, unge oplevede i de år, der var præget af coronapandemien. Vi retter fokus på unge alderen 15-19 år, der kan siges at være ’på vej ud af familien’, men som på grund af nedlukninger og sociale restriktioner ’sendes hjem i familien’. Med afsæt i Corona som et ’selvfølgelighedsbrud’ og med hverdagsliv og tid som centrale analytiske kategorier sætter vi fokus på coronatiden set fra de unges perspektiv - både forstået som de forskellige tider eller bevægelser som pandemien udgjorde, men også den daglige tid, dvs. hvad det betød for de unges hverdagsliv at skifte et socialt liv uden for familien ud med hjemmeliv og onlineskole. Coronakrisen medførte både flere konflikter i familien, bekymringer, socialt savn og mere ro, nærvær med de nærmeste og nye tanker om fremtiden. I artiklen peger vi på dobbeltheder, dilemmaer og bevægelser over tid i de unges beretninger om, hvad pandemien har medført af sårbarheder og (nye) styrker i de ungeliv, de lever. Til slut perspektiverer vi til aktuelle diskussioner om unges (mis)trivsel og ungdomslivets vilkår.
Nøgleord:Corona, Covid-19, ungdomsliv, hverdagsliv, tid, familie
Une jurisprudence à la fois consultative et constituante — La redéfinition des règles du jeu constitutionnel entre le Québec et le Canada par les renvois de la Cour suprême
Authors: Guénette Dave
Published: October 2023

La jurisprudence est au coeur du droit constitutionnel au Canada. Une bonne compréhension du droit constitutionnel canadien requiert effectivement un examen préalable de la jurisprudence pertinente. Or, une portion importante de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle, surtout lorsqu’elle émane de la Cour suprême du Canada, prend la forme d’« avis consultatifs » ou de « renvois », formulés à la demande du pouvoir exécutif. Dans le présent article, l’auteur s’intéresse à la façon dont certains de ces renvois de la Cour suprême ont eu pour effet de redéfinir les règles du jeu constitutionnel et les rapports de force entre le Québec et le reste du Canada. À la manière d’un récit que l’on raconte, il examine les contextes politiques propres à ces renvois, leurs principales conclusions et leurs conséquences les plus importantes. Outre qu’il revient sur l’histoire constitutionnelle que façonnent ces renvois, l’auteur tente également de tirer certaines conclusions concernant les éléments qui influencent la Cour suprême dans ce type de décision, notamment le rejet de l’unilatéralisme et le recours à des sources ou à des principes non écrits.
La jurisprudence arbitrale : composante principale du droit international des investissements
Authors: Uranga Paul
Published: October 2023

Le droit international des investissements résulte principalement d’une multitude de traités d’investissement, souvent bilatéraux, parfois régionaux et très rarement multilatéraux. Ce régime éclaté, ayant l’arbitrage comme moyen principal de règlement des différends entre investisseurs et État, ne favorise pas, en théorie, l’émergence d’une jurisprudence réellement cohérente et pertinente. Toutefois, la pratique arbitrale florissante en matière d’investissement s’est révélée constituer une véritable jurisprudence à l’importance non négligeable. Bien que le précédent n’ait pas de valeur juridique obligatoire, force est de constater sa valeur persuasive et la systématicité de son usage. Une telle utilisation des précédents arbitraux a pu permettre le développement d’une compréhension commune des normes des traités d’investissement et favoriser ainsi indirectement le développement conventionnel de ce droit. La jurisprudence arbitrale innerve de ce fait tous les pans du droit international des investissements, du discours des arbitres à l’évolution même des normes applicables. C’est en cela que la jurisprudence arbitrale peut s’entendre comme la composante principale du droit international des investissements.
Contribution à une définition terminologique de « drogue »
Authors: Chouvy Pierre-Arnaud
Published: October 2023

En français, la qualification de drogue relève davantage d’un processus d’évaluation que de description et les définitions du terme « drogue » sont majoritairement connotatives et culturelles et non désignatives ou dénotatives. La grande majorité des définitions sont donc de type lexicographique plutôt que de type terminologique, ce qui explique qu’il soit fréquemment reproché que la qualification d’un produit en tant que drogue ne repose pas sur des bases scientifiques.

Cet article propose donc une réflexion théorique et méthodologique, mobilisant des données et des concepts tant philosophiques, chimiques, que juridiques, afin d’élaborer une définition de la drogue (et non des usages de drogue). Le terme « drogue » sera abordé selon la méthode terminologique afin d’envisager la relation existant entre objet, désignation et concept, selon une approche inductive et taxonomique. Les incohérences de la classification juridique des drogues, qui n’a rien de scientifique dès lors qu’elle ne respecte aucun des impératifs scientifiques de la classification, seront considérées dans le processus de définition par intension de la drogue. Le concept de drogue sera aussi comparé à ceux, connexes, d’aliment et de médicament, montrant ainsi que drogue et aliment sont des concepts incompatibles, alors que ceux de drogue et de médicament peuvent être compatibles.

Sur la base de la description (chimique et biologique) de l’objet drogue et de la définition (terminologique) du concept de drogue, l’article propose de réconcilier objet et concept en validant la définition la plus concise qui soit : substance psychotrope. Il sera alors possible de conclure qu’aucun critère moral, politique, social ou même juridique, ne peut entrer dans une définition de la drogue sans remettre en question le principe d’adéquation des définitions par intension.
La diffusion de la consommation de tabac en Basse-Bretagne, fin XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : entre succès et encadrement
Authors: Toussaint Frédéric
Published: October 2023

La question des modalités de diffusion du tabac sur un temps assez long de la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle jusqu’à la fin du siècle suivant, dans la Subdélégation et la Sénéchaussée d’Hennebont se pose. L’usage du tabac se répand rapidement et devient un produit de consommation courant, disponible pour le plus grand nombre et non plus réservé à une élite, notamment grâce à la multiplication des différentes espèces de tabac proposées. Les autorités prennent rapidement conscience des nécessités d’encadrer, d’encourager, de contrôler sa consommation afin notamment de juguler les éventuelles fraudes. Mais, pour développer l’usage de « l’herbe à Nicot », l’État doit d’abord chercher les interlocuteurs les plus aptes à organiser des circuits de distribution et d’activités de contrôle efficaces. À l’échelle locale, cela se traduit par la nomination de commissaires aux pouvoirs étendus, par la mise en place de réseaux de distribution au plus près du terrain. Ceci permet d’empêcher, ou tout au moins limiter, les fraudes, tout en offrant aux consommateurs la possibilité de s’approvisionner apidement et à un coût supportable.
Services de navigation des soins : expériences des personnes s’injectant des drogues
Authors: Ntizobakundira Monge , Fortin Laurence , Monson Eva , Arruda Nelson , Bruneau Julie , Loignon Christine
Published: October 2023

Contexte. Les personnes utilisatrices des drogues injectables (PUDI) vivent de la stigmatisation, de la discrimination, un faible soutien et des interactions difficiles avec les professionnels dans le système de soins. Cela entraîne un accès limité aux soins, notamment la prophylaxie préexposition (PrEP) contre le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) et les nouveaux traitements d’hépatite C (HC). Les services de navigation peuvent améliorer l’accès à ces soins. Cette analyse documentaire vise à synthétiser les connaissances disponibles sur les expériences des PUDI avec les services de navigation liés à la PrEP et aux soins de l’HC.

Méthodes. Une recherche documentaire a été menée à partir de cinq bases de données et complétée par la vérification des listes de références et une recherche manuelle de la littérature grise. Les données pertinentes ont été extraites et synthétisées selon l’approche narrative. Un total de quatorze articles ont été inclus dans cette analyse documentaire.

Résultats. Les services de navigation analysés dans cette synthèse sont la colocation des soins dans les sites fixes ou mobiles, la référence externe à l’aide des intervenants et le soutien des pairs. Les bénéfices de ces services pour les PUDI ressortent de manière unanime. La colocalisation des soins semble la plus optimale grâce à la facilité, la rapidité d’accès aux soins ainsi que l’environnement familier et non stigmatisant pour les PUDI. La confiance établie avec les professionnels ainsi que l’importance des pairs ont aussi été relevées. Cependant, les difficultés antérieures dans le système de soins standard persistent.

Discussion. La colocalisation des soins dans les lieux non stigmatisants et une bonne relation de confiance avec les professionnels sont centrales pour l’expérience de navigation des PUDI liée à la PrEP et aux soins d’HC. D’autres études sont nécessaires pour approfondir les facteurs personnels et contextuels liés à l’expérience de navigation des PUDI.
La néologie de forme en traductologie : une étude outillée de la revue Meta 1966-2019
Authors: Gagné Anne-Marie , Drouin Patrick
Published: October 2023

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude exploratoire portant sur la néologie de forme dans un corpus traductologique diachronique constitué des textes en français de la revue Meta : Journal des traducteurs, parus entre 1966 et 2019. Il traite principalement de l’évolution du domaine et des connaissances que le lexique permet d’observer, et non de la néologie comme phénomène théorique et pratique. Ce travail suit une démarche endogène qui se limite à exploiter le corpus étudié sans faire appel à des ressources externes. L’examen des néologismes dans ce corpus a été réalisé suivant une méthodologie mixte où des données qualitatives (candidats termes) et quantitatives (nombre d’occurrences) obtenues par traitement automatique ont été analysées qualitativement (validation du statut de terme) et quantitativement (calculs des fréquences et différences de fréquence). Ces résultats ont ensuite été mobilisés pour dresser un panorama de l’innovation terminologique dans la revue entre 1980 et 2019, puis examinés au regard de chaque décennie pour dégager un ensemble de tendances relatives aux cadres, courants et approches traductologiques. L’étude démontre l’intérêt de cette méthodologie qui aborde le corpus comme ancrage empirique pour l’examen de l’évolution d’une discipline. Elle révèle aussi la richesse importante de l’innovation terminologique présentée dans les pages de Meta, pendant la période étudiée.
Demiurgos y modelos: léxico sobre la creación del mundo en el Timeo latino y ciertas analogías contemporáneas
Authors: Gómez Rabal Ana
Published: October 2023

Una pregunta planteada a raíz de la lectura de dos obras incompletas, dos traducciones parciales del Timeo de Platón, nos va a servir para introducirnos en el estudio de un campo concreto del vocabulario técnico filosófico latino. Las dos traducciones, una de Cicerón (106-43 a. C.), la otra del neoplatónico Calcidio (s. IV-V), nos permitirán analizar una misma cuestión filosófica en dos contextos distintos, observar cómo se plasma de forma diferente en los usos léxicos de una misma lengua, el latín, pero de dos épocas distintas, de dos momentos distintos. Deberemos tener en cuenta, sin embargo, que ambos autores, por el mero hecho de haber emprendido la traducción del mismo texto, pueden tener unos objetivos comunes: como mínimo, y sin duda, un cierto afán divulgativo; probablemente, un deseo de enriquecimiento de la lengua propia (deseo seguro en el caso de Cicerón); quizás, la pretensión de constituirse en punto de referencia imprescindible para la tradición posterior (en el caso de Calcidio y para la tradición platónica medieval, conseguido, ciertamente). A lo largo de este trabajo podremos ir deduciendo hasta qué punto se cumplieron esos supuestos “objetivos”. Pero, sea como sea, lo que aquí nos interesará, sobre todo, será analizar la labor de traducción del Timeo por sí misma, desde un punto de vista léxico y ciñéndonos al estudio de algunos de los términos que dan forma a la discusión planteada por Platón en la primera mitad de su Timeo.
Field trip – Outer Flysch Carpathians and Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB)
Authors: Krobicki (ed.) Michał
Published: October 2023

We are glad that we can meet personally during the 2nd Symposium of the IGCP 710 Project, after the pandemic time, which disrupted our idea of regular, annual meetings. After the 1st virtual meeting during the autumn of 2021, we have now the chance to discuss face to face and go to the field together to touch „Tethyan” rocks for a better understanding of what happened hundreds/decades of millions years ago in our lovely ancient ocean. As you know, through your knowledge and experience, the Tethyan Ocean history, both in its western and eastern parts, is fascinating, but enigmatic from time to time, to say the least.Generally, the geological history of the Tethys Ocean is broadly established. Yet many details are still unknown and many major questions remain, related to geotectonics, palaeogeography, palaeoceanography and palaeobiogeography. Improved understanding of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic ocean/climate history is based on accurate reconstruction of the distribution of continents and ocean basins and on opening and closing of seaways along the Tethys. There is little or no agreement about the number or size of separate basins, nor on their space-time relationships. Moreover, there is no consensus on the number and location of former micro-continents and on their incorporation into the present-day Eurasian-Mountain Belt. Geologists studying individual parts of these belts have been educated within different geological systems and adhere to different geological paradigms. Correlation between Western and Eastern Tethys is difficult, not only because of the large distances involved, but also because they are separated by the area of the huge Himalayan collision within which much of the pre-Paleogene tectonostratigraphic information has been lost. The aim of this IGCP project is to bring together geologists from the western and eastern parts of the former Tethys (Morocco/Iberia–SE Asia) to establish a common framework and a common tectonostratigraphic concept (latest Paleozoic–Mesozoic with emphasis on Permian–Jurassic).On the one hand, UNESCO forms a special umbrella for the IGCP Projects, and on the other hand, it has been very active in supporting the ideas of “geoparks” and “geotourism” for years. For this reason, we decided to use an international magazine – Geotourism – to print our materials, both abstracts and a field trip guidebook. We hope it will be useful for both Tethyan friends and geotourism enthusiasts.Enjoy Krakow during the stationary part of the Symposium and the Polish-Slovak-Czech Carpathians during a 5-day field trip!!
Dissecting muscle synergies in the task space
Authors: Reilly David Ó’ , Delis Ioannis
Published: October 2023

The muscle synergy is a guiding concept in motor control research that relies on the general notion of muscles ‘
working together’
towards task performance. However, although the synergy concept has provided valuable insights into motor coordination, muscle interactions have not been fully characterised with respect to task performance. Here, we address this research gap by proposing a novel perspective to the muscle synergy that assigns specific functional roles to muscle couplings by characterising their task-relevance. Our novel perspective provides nuance to the muscle synergy concept, demonstrating how muscular interactions can ‘
work together’
in different ways: a) irrespective of the task at hand but also b) redundantly or c) complementarily towards common task-goals. To establish this perspective, we leverage information- and network-theory and dimensionality reduction methods to include discrete and continuous task parameters directly during muscle synergy extraction. Specifically, we introduce co-information as a measure of the task relevance of muscle interactions and use it to categorise such interactions as task-irrelevant (present across tasks), redundant (shared task information) or synergistic (different task information). To demonstrate these types of interactions in real data, we firstly apply the framework in a simple way, revealing its added functional and physiological relevance with respect to current approaches. We then apply the framework to large-scale datasets and extract generalizable and scale-invariant representations consisting of subnetworks of synchronised muscle couplings and distinct temporal patterns. The representations effectively capture the functional interplay between task end-goals and biomechanical affordances and the concurrent processing of functionally similar and complementary task information. The proposed framework unifies the capabilities of current approaches in capturing distinct motor features while providing novel insights and research opportunities through a nuanced perspective to the muscle synergy.
Facial expression is a distinctive behavioural marker of pain processing in the brain
Authors: Picard Marie-Eve , Kunz Miriam , Chen Jen-I , Coll Michel-Pierre , Vachon-Presseau Étienne , Wager Tor D. , Rainville Pierre
Published: October 2023

Pain is a private experience observable through various verbal and non-verbal behavioural manifestations. Despite the importance of understanding the cerebral mechanisms underlying those manifestations, there is currently limited knowledge on the neural correlates of facial expression of pain. Here, we applied a brain decoding approach to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to predict the facial expression of pain during noxious heat stimulation in healthy volunteers. Results revealed the inability of previously developed pain neurosignatures to predict the facial expression of pain. We thus propose a Facial Expression of Pain Signature (FEPS) conveying distinctive information about the brain response to nociceptive stimulations with minimal overlap with other pain-relevant brain signatures. The FEPS provides a better characterization of the distributed cerebral representations of non-verbal pain communication. This underscores the complexity of pain phenomenology by reinforcing the view that neurosignatures conceived as biomarkers must be interpreted in relation to the specific pain manifestation predicted.
Synaptotagmin 7 transiently docks synaptic vesicles to support facilitation and Doc2α-triggered asynchronous release
Authors: Wu Zhenyong , Kusick Grant F. , Berns Manon M. M. , Raychaudhuri Sumana , Itoh Kie , Walter Alexander M. , Chapman Edwin R. , Watanabe Shigeki
Published: October 2023

The molecular basis of asynchronous neurotransmitter release remains enigmatic despite decades of intense study. Synaptotagmin (syt) 7 and Doc2 have both been proposed as Ca
2+
sensors that trigger this mode of exocytosis, but conflicting findings have led to controversy. Here, we demonstrate that at excitatory mouse hippocampal synapses, Doc2α is the major Ca
2+
sensor for asynchronous release, while syt7 supports this process through activity-dependent docking of synaptic vesicles. In synapses lacking Doc2α, asynchronous release after single action potentials is strongly reduced, while deleting syt7 has no effect. However, in the absence of syt7, docked vesicles cannot recover on millisecond timescales. Consequently, both synchronous and asynchronous release depress from the second pulse on during repetitive activity. By contrast, synapses lacking Doc2α have normal activity-dependent docking, but continue to exhibit decreased asynchronous release after multiple stimuli. Moreover, disruption of both Ca
2+
sensors is non-additive. These findings result in a new model whereby syt7 drives activity-dependent docking, thus ‘feeding’ synaptic vesicles to Doc2 for asynchronous release during ongoing transmission.
Ym1 protein crystals promote type 2 immunity
Authors: Heyndrickx Ines , Deswarte Kim , Verstraete Kenneth , Verschueren Koen H. G. , Smole Ursula , Aegerter Helena , Dansercoer Ann , Hammad Hamida , Savvides Savvas N. , Lambrecht Bart N.
Published: October 2023

Spontaneous protein crystallization is a rare event, yet needle-shaped protein crystals are frequently found in eosinophil-rich inflammation. In humans, Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) are made from galectin-10 (Gal10) protein, an abundant protein in eosinophils.Whereas mice do not encode Gal10 in their genome, they do form pseudo-CLCs, made from the chitinase-like proteins Ym1 and/or Ym2, encoded by
Chil3
and
Chil4
and made by myeloid and epithelial cells respectively. Here, we investigated the biological effects of pseudo-CLCs since their function is currently unknown.We produced recombinant Ym1 crystals which were shown to have identical crystal packing and structure by X-ray crystallography as
in vivo
native crystals derived from murine lung. When administered to the airways of mice, crystalline but not soluble Ym1 stimulated innate and adaptive immunity and acted as a type 2 immune adjuvant for eosinophilic inflammation via triggering of dendritic cells (DCs).Murine Ym1 protein crystals found at sites of eosinophilic inflammation reinforce type 2 immunity and could serve as a surrogate model for studying the biology of human CLCs.Protein crystallization is exceedingly rare, yet here, Heyndrickx et al. show that Ym1 crystals made from the chitinase like protein Chil3 promote type 2 immunity in mice.
Increasing adult neurogenesis protects mice from epilepsy
Authors: Jain Swati , LaFrancois John J. , Gerencer Kasey , Botterill Justin J. , Kennedy Meghan , Criscuolo Chiara , Scharfman Helen E.
Published: October 2023

Neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, an area that contains neurons which are vulnerable to insults and injury, such as severe seizures. Previous studies showed that increasing adult neurogenesis reduced neuronal damage after these seizures. Because the damage typically is followed by chronic life-long seizures (epilepsy), we asked if increasing adult neurogenesis would prevent epilepsy. Adult neurogenesis was selectively increased by deleting the pro-apoptotic gene
Bax
from Nestin-expressing progenitors. Tamoxifen was administered at 6 weeks of age to conditionally delete
Bax
in Nestin-CreER
T2
Bax
fl/fl
mice. Six weeks after tamoxifen administration, severe seizures (status epilepticus; SE) were induced by injection of the convulsant pilocarpine. Mice with increased adult neurogenesis exhibited fewer chronic seizures. Postictal depression was reduced also. These results were primarily female mice, possibly because they were the more affected by
Bax
deletion than males, consistent with sex differences in
Bax
in development. The female mice with enhanced adult neurogenesis also showed less neuronal loss of hilar mossy cells and hilar somatostatin-expressing neurons than wild type females or males, which is notable because these two cell types are implicated in epileptogenesis. The results suggest that increasing adult neurogenesis in the normal adult brain can reduce experimental epilepsy, and the effect shows a striking sex difference. The results are surprising in light of past studies showing that suppressing adult-born neurons can also reduce chronic seizures.
SOD1 is a synthetic-lethal target in PPM1D-mutant leukemia cells
Authors: Zhang Linda , Hsu Joanne I , Braekeleer Etienne D , Chen Chun-Wei , Patel Tajhal D , Martell Alejandra G , Guzman Anna G , Wohlan Katharina , Waldvogel Sarah M , Uryu Hidetaka , Tovy Ayala , Callen Elsa , Murdaugh Rebecca L , Richard Rosemary , Jansen Sandra , Vissers Lisenka , de Vries Bert BA , Nussenzweig Andre , Huang Shixia , Coarfa Cristian , Anastas Jamie , Takahashi Koichi , Vassiliou George , Goodell Margaret A
Published: October 2023

The DNA damage response is critical for maintaining genome integrity and is commonly disrupted in the development of cancer. PPM1D (protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1D) is a master negative regulator of the response; gain-of-function mutations and amplifications of PPM1D are found across several human cancers making it a relevant pharmacological target. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 screening to identify synthetic-lethal dependencies of PPM1D, uncovering superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) as a potential target for PPM1D-mutant cells. We revealed a dysregulated redox landscape characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and a compromised response to oxidative stress in PPM1D-mutant cells. Altogether, our results demonstrate a role for SOD1 in the survival of PPM1D-mutant leukemia cells and highlight a new potential therapeutic strategy against PPM1D-mutant cancers.
SOD1 is a synthetic lethal target in PPM1D-mutant leukemia cells
Authors: Zhang Linda , Hsu Joanne I. , Braekeleer Etienne D. , Chen Chun-Wei , Patel Tajhal D. , Urya Hidetaka , Guzman Anna G. , Martell Alejandra G. , Waldvogel Sarah M. , Tovy Ayala , Callen Elsa , Murdaugh Rebecca , Richard Rosemary , Jansen Sandra , Vissers Lisenka , de Vries Bert B.A. , Nussenzweig Andre , Huang Shixia , Coarfa Cristian , Anastas Jamie N. , Takahashi Koichi , Vassiliou George , Goodell Margaret A.
Published: October 2023

The DNA damage response is critical for maintaining genome integrity and is commonly disrupted in the development of cancer. PPM1D (protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D) is a master negative regulator of the response; gain-of-function mutations and amplifications of PPM1D are found across several human cancers making it a relevant pharmacologic target. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 screening to identify synthetic-lethal dependencies of PPM1D, uncovering superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) as a potential target for PPM1D-mutant cells. We revealed a dysregulated redox landscape characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and a compromised response to oxidative stress in PPM1D -mutant cells. Moreover, we observed marked genomic instability in mutant cells, which is exacerbated upon inhibition of SOD1. Altogether, our results demonstrate the protective role of SOD1 against oxidative stress and DNA damage in PPM1D -mutant leukemia cells and highlight a new potential therapeutic strategy against PPM1D -mutant cancers.
O espaço escolar como elemento curricular da educação infantil
Authors: De Azevedo Aline Brandão de Moraes , Mesquita Amélia Maria Araújo
Published: October 2023

Definir o currículo é um dos desafios desta área que muitos autores vêm se propondo há décadas, havendo uma diversidade de conceitos vigentes sem, contudo, chegarem há um consenso. Assim como, a definição de espaço também aparece na literatura de formas diversas por envolver áreas de conhecimentos diferentes a debater sobre esse assunto e portanto, formas diversas de compreender o espaço. Compreender esses conceitos é fundamental para que se possa pensar no espaço escolar como um elemento do currículo. Afinal, na literatura ele constitui o chamado currículo oculto, mas que, principalmente na educação infantil, precisa ser pensado de forma explícita nos debates curriculares pelo seu importante papel na formação das infâncias. O presente artigo visa analisar a importância do espaço escolar para o currículo da educação infantil. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica onde selecionou-se autores que discutissem os conceitos de currículo e espaço, analisando e interpretando as obras para delas extrair a importância do espaço escolar na construção de currículos para a educação infantil. Percebeu-se que o espaço escolar na educação infantil é um espaço vivo, pulsante, imiscuído no currículo pois é um parceiro pedagógico, atuando na formação dos que dele participam e, portanto, precisando ser construído no dia a dia por todos os que dele fazem parte principalmente, as crianças.
Estado da arte sobre acreditação hospitalar no Brasil: um ensaio teórico apoiando o ensino
Authors: Da Silva Anderson , Machado Junior Celso , Martiniano Maurício Luiz Gonçalves , Barreto Laís Karla da Silva , Portella Daniel Leite
Published: October 2023

A acreditação hospitalar tem se tornado cada vez mais relevante no Brasil, como uma ferramenta para garantir a qualidade e segurança dos serviços de saúde. A par dessa relevância, este artigo, no formato de ensaio teórico, apresenta um estado da arte da acreditação hospitalar no Brasil, analisando sua evolução, os principais modelos de acreditação implantados e utilizados e os impactos observados nas instituições de saúde, bem como a sua prerrogativa como elemento de ensino e pesquisa translacional. A conclusão desse artigo projetou que acreditação hospitalar se trata de uma estratégia importante na promoção da qualidade e segurança dos serviços de saúde. Os modelos de acreditação e seus respectivos critérios de avaliação contribuíram para a melhoria contínua das organizações de saúde.
Aprendizagem socioprática na CAPP/UFPE após implementação de uma nova ferramenta de gestão
Authors: Da Silva Karla Rafaela Nascimento , Jerônimo Taciana Barros , De Andrade Tatiane da Costa Torres
Published: October 2023

A importância desse estudo se dá pelo aprofundamento da aprendizagem socioprática no contexto do setor público, trazendo para o centro do debate as interações sociais no processo de aprendizagem, tema ainda embrionário na literatura. Além disso, sua originalidade está na análise de tal aprendizagem em um contexto de mudança recente de práticas em uma instituição federal de ensino superior. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu na análise do processo de aprendizagem socioprática em uma coordenação administrativa da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco após a implementação de uma nova ferramenta de gestão para virtualização de processos. Metodologicamente, este estudo é de natureza qualitativa e fez uso de análise documental, entrevista semiestruturada com os servidores da coordenação e da técnica de observação participante. O estudo concluiu que a aprendizagem socioprática acontece na CAPP, no entanto os sete elementos balizadores se revelam em intensidades diferentes. Os elementos participação, reflexividade, informalidade e compartilhamento aparecem de forma mais clara. Enquanto que os elementos integração, autonomia e flexibilidade aparecem de forma mais tímida.
Analysis of the strength of assembly joints - welded joints of various construction materials
Authors: Rudawska Anna , Penkała Piotr , Chochowski Paweł , Tkaczyk Andrzej , Vitenko Tetiana
Published: October 2023

The aim of the article was to present issues related to the strength analysis of one of the types of assembly joints - welded joints, taking into account the influence of selected factors: technological - welding method, construction - type of joints and material - type of joined material. The MIG/MAG method (135/136), arc welding (111) and gas welding (311) were used as welding methods. Butt joints and lap joints were made of CuZn37 copper alloy (PN-EN 1652), S235JR unalloyed structural steel (EN 10025) and 1.4301 acid-resistant steel (EN 10088). Welded joints samples were made with appropriate parameters, according to the welding methods. Strength tests of welded joints on MTS BIONIX 370.02 testing machine, in accordance with the PN-EN 1465 standard Based on the obtained test results, it can be seen that the value of stresses and deformations is affected by both the welding method and the type of joint structure, while the type of material to be welded should also be taken into account.
Comparison of Fishery Products Packaging Methods
Authors: Ir. Junianto M. P.  , Idrus Waode Velya Leona Putri
Published: October 2023

The purpose of packaging is to contain the product, protect it from harm, serve as its identity, improve performance, protect from outside influences, promote the use and marketing of the product, increase consumer appeal, serve as a means of information and advertising, and make the product easier to use. Because of it's purpose and use of packaging, it is very important in the food processing industry. In general, packaging serves to protect the product from factors beyond its control that can accelerate the deterioration of the food it contains. In addition, packaging still has other equally important purposes, such as simplifying product distribution or control, and continues to play an important role as a means to disseminate information and promote the goods it contains.
Household Food Security through Wetland Resources with Adaptation to Climate Change: An Empirical Analysis of Ranikor, Meghalaya, India
Authors: Ahmed Rizwan , Devi Khumanthem Babina , Meher Rakesh , Singh Sanjenbam Sher , Hemam Rohit , Hazarika Sanjay , Devi Okram Ricky
Published: October 2023

Wetland ecosystems are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth and include marshes, lakes, rivers, flood basins, estuarine deltas, ponds, rice fields, and marine water areas where the depth at low tide does not exceed 6 m. Tangible and intangible diverse resources and products of wetland functions have historically provided a source of income and livelihood for human beings. The present study investigated the different causes and the perceived indicators of food insecurity among the wetland dwellers, determined the wetland contribution to household food security and assessed the determinants of wetland based income with a view on the adaptive strategies adopted by the households residing around Ranikor, Meghalaya. Data was collected from 70 wetland resource-user households which was analyzed using simple percentage, t-test, regression analysis and Garrett ranking technique. The wetland resources contributed significantly to the household food security in the study area. It was found that climate change and limited labour were the major causes of food insecurity. Factors like household size, agricultural land area and age of the respondent determined the extraction of resources. Moreover, the study revealed crop diversification, re-digging of canal, construction of embankments and poultry rearing as the adaptive measures in the face of climate change having merits. The study recommends the need to design appropriate food production technologies that ensure sustainable use of wetland resources for food security as increasing population coupled with climate change will have drastic impact on the households relying on wetland for food security and income.
A Comprehensive Review on Climate Change Adaptation Strategies and Challenges in Agriculture
Authors: Saikanth D. R. K. , Kumar Sunil , Rani Manu , Sharma Anant , Srivastava Swapnil , Vyas Dileep , Singh Gaurav Ayodhya , Kumar Suneel
Published: October 2023

This review examines the impact of climate change on Indian agriculture and adaptation strategies. Climate change, driven by human activities, poses challenges like rising temperatures and extreme weather events. Rising temperatures can induce heat stress in crops, leading to reduced yields and poor quality produce. Farmers use adaptation measures like altering planting dates and developing climate-resilient crops. Changing rainfall patterns, erratic or insufficient rainfall can trigger drought conditions, parching farmlands and causing crop failures. On the other hand, excessive rainfall can result in flooding, which damages crops and soil, disrupting agricultural operations especially during the monsoon. Soil conservation, precision agriculture, and urban food production initiatives promote food security and resource recycling. Addressing water scarcity requires improved irrigation and efficient water management. Climate change affects agricultural pests population and threatening global food security. Various adaptation strategies, including traditional practices, resource-conservation technologies, and socio-economic interventions, are being implemented. Climate-smart agriculture technologies like precision agriculture increase yields and resilience. Success depends on regional suitability, economic viability, and collective implementation. Agriculture operates within a complex socio-ecological system with uncertainties in policy, economics, and climate. Site-specific climate-smart agriculture practices are crucial for smallholders' resilience and food security. Publicly provided agricultural extension services can help adopt these technologies, but barriers like financial constraints and cultural factors must be considered. This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive, context-specific approaches to address vulnerabilities in Indian agriculture to climate change and ensure a sustainable future for food production and smallholder livelihoods.
Influence of Maturity Stage on Post-harvest Quality of Guava Cultivars
Authors: Singh Archit , Singh B. K. , Barman Kalyan , Singh Anand Kumar
Published: October 2023

The guava (Psidium guajava L.), a member of the Myrtaceae family and a native of tropical America, was brought to India by the Portuguese in the 17th century. The primary focus lies in comprehending the physiological and biochemical alterations within the fruit, which play a crucial role in understanding metabolic phenomena such as fruit ripening, softening, and overall aging. Additionally, these changes hold significance for shaping commercial procedures and meeting post-harvest demands. It is imperative for the post-harvest management system to strive to deliver the fruit to the market in the desired condition sought by consumers or importers. Guavas are highly perishable fruits, with fresh supplies to markets often lasting only a few days. In the Postharvest Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, an experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of maturity stage on the post-harvest quality of guava cultivars under ambient conditions at 3-day intervals of storage. The guava cultivars, namely Lalit, Allahabad Safeda, and Shweta, were chosen at distinct stages of maturity, encompassing mature green, color break and ripe. The findings showed that the ripeness or stage of maturity at harvest had a substantial impact on the quality and storage life of guava fruits. In comparison to the colour-turning stage and the ripe stage of fruits, the mature green stage demonstrated promising results in maintaining post-harvest quality. Considering all the parameters, the best guava cultivars in terms of superior post-harvest quality, including total soluble solids, lycopene content, ascorbic acid content, and minimal acidity content, were found to be the Lalit cultivar.
Construction Project Failure and Abandonment in Kaduna State, Nigeria: An Analysis of the Causes Using the Relative Importance Index
Authors: Adagba T. , Hassan S. , Umar A. A.
Published: October 2023

The construction industry serves as one of the key players of a nation's economic growth, considering its role in infrastructural development, revenue generation, provision of jobs and shelter for the masses, enriching the esthetical view and influencing the growth of other key sectors of a nation. In this research, a study was carried out on the causes of construction project failures and abandonment in Kaduna state, Nigeria. The study’s objective was to identify the possible causes of failure and abandonment of construction projects and evaluate the identified causes in their order of importance. To achieve this, a quantitative research approach using questionnaires as an instrument for data collection in Kaduna state was adopted, using a total of One Hundred (100) survey-questionnaires distributed among professionals and workers in the construction industry. Analysis of the data acquired from the returned questionnaires was done using SPSS v26 and MS Excel 2016 to obtain the descriptive statistics and the Relative Importance Index (RII). From the ranking, Corruption (RII = 85.9%), Change in government administration (RII = 82.8%), Politics (RII = 82.8%), Government policies (RII = 81.9%) and Inadequate involvement of construction professionals (RII = 81.3%) were the five top ranking causes of project failure and abandonment in the study area. The Spearman rho correlation showed some significant but low relationship among the variables, while the Kruskal-Wallis test indicated the same distribution of all the variables among the construction professionals. The research also revealed that although insecurity was a burning issue for the industry especially in the study area, its ranking showed that it was not considered a significant factor in relation to the other factors.
Depression and Suicide Among American Surgeons—A Grave Threat to the Surgeon Workforce
Authors: Hughes Tasha M. , Collins Reagan A. , Cunningham Carrie E.
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint discusses mental health issues and suicide among surgeons in the US and potential solutions to this growing crisis.
Distribution characteristics of residences for elderly people with services in the greater Tokyo area based on the residents' care level
Authors: Miura Ken , Yasuda Kei
Published: October 2023

This study analyzed location trends in residences for elderly people with services in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, and the result shows that residences for elderly people with services in the central metropolitan area have a large area of housing, and many residents with high levels of independence live in it and are provided home‐care services for the elderly. On the contrary, residences for elderly people with services in remote areas from the Tokyo metropolitan area are smaller, and many older adults need nursing care to move into these housing units. Also, these tiny residences for elderly people have a daycare service to provide care for their residents.