bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of helix deviation on load distributions and bending stresses of continuous engaged helical gear drives
Authors: Luo Tao , Qin Xunpeng , Huang Jinjing , Guo Wei
Published: June 2015

The research of the load distributions and bending stresses with helix deviations in power transmission systems is important for effectively improving gear load capacity. The equations of tooth surface with helix slope and form deviation were established by the given forming rack-cutter tool and the path for processing rack-cutter tool. And various kinds of engaged helical gear models with helix slope and form deviation were developed using finite element method software. Finally, tooth surface load distribution and tooth root bending stress were numerically calculated. The effects of the helix slope deviation, different shape, period, and amplitude of helix form deviation on tooth surface load distribution and tooth root bending stress were investigated and the results were compared to each other as specified by grades 5 and 7. It is found that the single helix slope deviation on tooth surface load distribution and tooth root bending stress shows “superposition” effect. Especially, the different shapes, periods, and amplitudes of helix form deviation exhibit significant effect on tooth surface load distribution and tooth root bending stress. Helix form deviation mainly affects the tooth surface load distribution and tooth root bending stress along the tooth longitudinal direction, while has little impact between tooth pairs. The study benefits gear load capacity analysis and provides valuable guidelines for improving the performance of power transmission systems.
Investigating the interaction between the parking choice and holiday travel behavior
Authors: Wang Bobin , Shao Chunfu , Li Juan , Zhao Dan , Meng Meng
Published: June 2015

Parking is one of the key links between the urban planning and transportation operation. However, most studies in this field focus on the parking behavior on workdays, and the holiday parking is seldom investigated. This study analyzes the interaction between the parking choice and travel behavior in the holidays. Data were collected at Fragrant Hills and Beijing Botanical Garden during the Qingming Festival (Tomb-sweeping Days) in 2013. The structural equation modeling was applied to examine the causal effects and quantitative relationships between the parking choice and holiday travel behavior and identify the main influencing factors based on the activity analysis. The results show that the parking choice has a close relationship with holiday travel behavior, which is more than an explanatory variable for the travel behavior. Moreover, the parking space availability, parking charge, and walking distance have significant effects on holiday parking choice. In addition, the personal attributes and household characteristics are significant influencing factors for the parking choice and holiday travel behavior.
Constructing the victim in the bullying narrative: How bullying discourses affirm rather than challenge discriminatory notions of gender and sexuality
Authors: Foreman Victoria
Published: June 2015

This project focuses on how bullying victims are constructed as victims through a content analysis of news articles on Phoebe Prince and Tyler Clementi, two teens who committed suicide after being bullied. While the discourse that emerges from these cases appears to do similar symbolic work as hate crime laws that condemn harassment based on sexual orientation, on closer examination the discourses can also be read as upholding discriminatory systems of patriarchy and heteronormativity in their attempts to explain the suicides as an expected or predictable response to homophobia and sexism. Framing Prince and Clementi as victims of bullying, rather than victims of poor mental health or family discord, creates a narrative that reifies rather than challenges repressive and discriminatory notions of sexuality and gender.
Field Research and Parametric Analysis in a Medical–Surgical Unit
Authors: Nanda Upali , Pati Sipra , Nejati Adeleh
Published: June 2015

Objective:

To study the workplace in a medical–surgical (med-surg) unit and to identify suboptimal environmental conditions that can be improved in the current unit and avoided in future design, through rapidly deployed field research and timely simulation.

Background:

Literature emphasizes the importance of the healthcare workplace and the effect on patient outcomes. What is lacking are studies conducted on-site and used for immediate application in design to assess and improve workplace conditions.

Methods:

A rapidly deployed field research and simulation study was conducted in a 40-bed med-surg unit of a large healthcare system as part of the process of designing a new medical tower. Online surveys, systematic behavioral observations, semi-structured interviews, sound studies, and advanced spatial analysis through parametric modeling were conducted.

Results:

The following created challenges for patient monitoring, care coordination, and management: (1) waste and variability in walking, (2) limited point-of-use access to supplies, (3) large distances traveled for minor tasks, and (4) low visibility and connectivity. The corridor is used as a workspace/communication hub. There is a distinct difference in beginning of day and night shift patterns and between walking “distance” and walking “sequence.” There is a tendency for nurses to multitask, but a simulation exercise shows that for key tasks like medication delivery, multitasking may not always reduce walking distances.

Conclusion:

Co-location of medications, supplies, and nourishment; accommodation for work on wheels; and spatial and technological connectivity between care team and patients should be considered while designing a med-surg unit. Understanding the key activity sequences helps determine the proximity of spaces in relationship to patient rooms and each other.
Children’s rights in Algeria: History, achievements and research evidence
Authors: Boussena Mahmoud , Tiliouine Habib
Published: June 2015

This article sought to analyse the implementation and promotion of children’s rights in Algeria from a historical and contextual perspective. This analysis was backed with legislative texts and research evidence. The results indicate that during the colonial era (1830–1962), no tangible policies were sought to protect the people and their children from poverty and ignorance. But the post-colonial era witnessed a beginning of interest in the status of the children and their needs within a socialist orientation. However, the democratic shift of 1989 was accompanied with social turmoil for about 10 years. During these tragic events, the country started to adapt its national child legislation to the requirements of the international legislation since some successes have been achieved in the areas of registering new births and providing education and health-care opportunities for children. But a great deal of work is yet to be done in the areas of ensuring quality education; quality health care; efficient protection from abuse and violence in families, schools and public spaces; enhancing participation in family and school decision-making; and provisions for leisure and culture opportunities. Recommendations include the call for the Algerian government to appoint an official body to provide indicators to evaluate and monitor the protection, respect and promotion of the rights of the child nationwide and collect and combine research data. Leisure and culture opportunities and child’s participation should also be prioritised. Furthermore, the Ministry of Education should reinforce the teaching of child’s rights in official curricula, use modern information technologies and should issue compulsory measures to publicise Convention on the Rights of the Child in school spaces. The role of scientific research, mass media, non-governmental organisations and youth organisations should also be further supported.
Youth-led pathways to social and political change: Faith and service in contemporary Egypt
Authors: Ibrahim Barbara Lethem , Mesard Betsy , Hunt-Hendrix Leah
Published: June 2015

Arab Muslim youth are presumed to be at risk of exposure to religious extremism via participation in faith-based organizations. This field study conducted within a large youth-run social service association in Egypt challenges that trajectory. Instead, it explores the role of religion in creating contemporary ethical subjects who seek meaning-production through volunteering to help the disadvantaged. The same dispositions which lead young Muslim youth to volunteer also propelled them to Tahrir and participation in the mass political uprising of 2011. The relationship among politics, faith, and public participation is elaborated through qualitative interviews conducted over a 7-year period in Cairo.
Uptake of Pb and Zn from a binary solution onto different fixed bed depths of natural zeolite – the BDST model approach
Authors: Nuić I. , Trgo M. , Perić J. , Vukojević Medvidović N.
Published: June 2015

The removal of lead and zinc from a binary solution by fixed bed depths (40, 80 and 120 mm) of a natural zeolite was examined at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The results obtained were fitted to the Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model and the parameters of the model (q and k) were used to design a column system for flow rates of 2 and 3 mL/min at a bed depth of 80 mm. The experimental results were in excellent agreement with those predicted and experimental breakthrough curves for the binary systems were obtained. This approach facilitates the design of effective binary column processes without additional experimentation. Two major design parameters, the Empty Bed Contact Time (EBCT) and the zeolite usage rate, were calculated. The highest EBCT value of 13.56 min represents the optimal conditions for the binary (Pb+Zn) solution.
Removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions using zeolites modified with HDTMA and ODTMA surfactants
Authors: Szala Barbara , Bajda Tomasz , Jeleń Anna
Published: June 2015

The removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions under various conditions was investigated using a natural clinoptilolite and a synthetic zeolite derived from fly-ash (Na-P1), modified either with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) or octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ODTMA). The study was focused mainly on the impact of the properties of the zeolite on the sorption capacity, the sorption mechanism, the influence of pH and the durability of the immobilization. The zeolites were modified with HDTMA and ODTMA surfactants up to 100% and 120% of their external cation exchange capacity. Batch and column studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of pH and the initial Cr(VI) concentration on their efficiencies for removing chromates. The organo-zeolites show a significant ability to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The amount of Cr(VI) removed by organo-clinoptilolite and organo-zeolite Na-P1 is greater at low pH values, whereas the sorption efficiency decreased with increasing pH. Sorption of Cr(VI) was more efficient with the HDTMA-modified organo-clinoptilolite (150 mmol Cr(VI)/kg) than the ODTMA-modified clinoptilolite (132 mmol Cr(VI)/kg). The maximum sorption capacity was obtained with the 1.2 × ECEC ODTMA-modified clinoptilolite (237 mmol Cr(VI)/kg). The organozeolites Na-P1 adsorbed Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions more effectively and were much more durable than the organo-clinoptilolites.
Attainment and characteristics of clinical remission according to the new ACR-EULAR criteria in abatacept-treated patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: new analyses from the Abatacept study to Gauge Remission and joint damage progression in methotrexate (MTX)-naive patients with Early Erosive rheumatoid arthritis (AGREE)
Authors: Smolen Josef S. , Wollenhaupt Jürgen , Gomez-Reino Juan J. , Grassi Walter , Gaillez Corine , Poncet Coralie , Le Bars Manuela , Westhovens Rene
Published: June 2015

Introduction

This study evaluated various remission criteria in abatacept plus methotrexate (MTX)-treated patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to investigate the time to, and sustainability of, remission, and to evaluate the relationship between remission, function and structure.

Methods

Post hoc analyses were performed from the 12-month, double-blind period of the Abatacept study to Gauge Remission and joint damage progression in methotrexate (MTX)-naive patients with Early Erosive rheumatoid arthritis (AGREE) in patients with early RA (≤2 years) and poor prognostic factors, comparing abatacept plus MTX (n = 210) versus MTX alone (n = 209).

Results

At month 12, Disease Activity Score 28, Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI), Clinical Disease Activity Index and Boolean remission rates were, for abatacept plus MTX versus MTX alone: 47.6 % versus 27.3 %, 33.3 % versus 12.4 %, 34.3 % versus 16.3 %, and 23.8 % versus 5.7 %, respectively. Cumulative probability demonstrated higher proportions achieving first remission and first sustained remission for abatacept plus MTX versus MTX alone (e.g., 23.3 % [95 % confidence interval (CI): 17.6, 29.1] vs 12.9 % [8.4, 17.5] for first SDAI remission over 0–6 months). For patients in SDAI remission at month 3, mean Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index at month 12 was 0.20 versus 0.50 for abatacept plus MTX versus MTX alone. Mean changes in radiographic score from baseline to month 12 were minimal for patients in SDAI remission at month 3 in both groups, while less structural damage progression was seen, 0.75 versus 1.35, respectively, for abatacept plus MTX versus MTX alone for patients with moderate/high disease activity at month 3 (adjusted mean treatment difference: −0.60 [95 % CI: −1.11, −0.09; P < 0.05]).

Conclusions

High proportions of abatacept plus MTX-treated patients achieved stringent remission criteria. Remission was associated with long-term functional benefit; dissociation was seen between clinical and structural outcomes for abatacept. These findings highlight the impact of reaching stringent remission targets early, on physical function and structural damage, in MTX-naïve biologic-treated patients.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00122382. Registered 19 July 2005.
The Affordances of Hospitality: Shakespearean Drama between Historicism and Phenomenology
Authors: Lupton Julia Reinhard
Published: June 2015

In the current study of Shakespearean drama, historical approaches have been supplemented by phenomenological attention to the ways human actors relate to their settings across time. Thinking phenomenologically, I use affordance theory to understand hospitality as both a theme in Shakespearean drama and a framing of the enterprise of theater. The concept of affordance was developed by the environmental psychologist James J. Gibson to describe the action possibilities of things. Affordances inhere in environments that themselves reflect various human interactions and routines. Affordances have entered into theater studies as both an aid to historicism and a way of considering plays outside their original contexts. My main example of affordances in Shakespearean drama is Perdita's offering of flowers to her guests in the sheepshearing episode of The Winter's Tale. Her two floral offerings, the first culled from the kitchen garden and handed to her disguised guests as hostess gifts and the second constructed purely out of language for the benefit of her lover Florizel, manifest a range of affordances. These include the culinary virtues of herbs, the emotional and theatrical resources of social scripts, and the affinities between poetic expression and autopoietic growth.
Simulated Y-Site Compatibility of Vancomycin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam
Authors: Wade Jennifer , Cooper Mandelin , Ragan Robert
Published: June 2015

Purpose

To evaluate the physical compatibility of vancomycin with piperacillin-tazobactam during simulated Y-site administration.

Methods

Vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam were tested using 2 different diluents: 0.9% sodium chloride and 5% dextrose for injection. Vancomycin concentrations of 2, 5, and 10 mg/mL were tested using 0.9% sodium chloride and 4 and 8 mg/mL in 5% dextrose. Piperacillin-tazobactam was diluted to 16, 30, 40, 80, and 100 mg/mL, representing common concentrations used clinically in hospitals, and concentrations were tested in both 0.9% sodium chloride and 5% dextrose for injection. Medications were reconstituted under USP <797> aseptic technique. Combinations were tested in duplicate and reverse order with control solutions. Compatibility testing for Y-site included visual inspection, inspection with a high-intensity monodirectional light source (Tyndall beam), turbidimeter for turbidity evaluation, pH, and microscopic viewing. Testing occurred immediately after mixing, 15 minutes, 60 minutes, and 4 hours. If inconsistencies were observed between samples, testing was repeated to confirm results. Solutions were deemed incompatible if any one test failed and compatible if all tests were accepted.

Results

When dextrose 5% for injection was used as the diluent, vancomycin 4 mg/mL was Y-site compatible with piperacillin-tazobactam 16, 30, and 40 mg/mL and incompatible with 80 and 100 mg/mL. Vancomycin 8 mg/mL was incompatible with all tested concentrations of piperacillin-tazobactam. When 0.9% sodium chloride was used as the diluents, Y-site compatibility was found with vancomycin 2 and 5 mg/mL and all tested concentrations of piperacillin-tazobactam. Vancomycin 10 mg/mL was incompatible with piperacillin-tazobactam 40, 80, and 100 mg/mL. Incompatibilities formed a white precipitate immediately on mixing.

Conclusion

Y-site incompatibility was greater for the tested concentrations of piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin when 5% dextrose was used as the diluent versus 0.9% sodium chloride. Y-site incompatibility was seen immediately in the form of a white precipitate on mixing.
La propiedad de las aguas en el señorío solariego de Aguas de Busot
Authors: Candela Hidalgo Ana Rosa
Published: June 2015

La enfiteusis se constituye como el régimen de tenencia predominante en el señorío solariego de Aguas de Busot. Las aguas, procedentes de manantiales o captaciones subterráneas, habían sido cedidas, desde el siglo XVII, a los enfiteutas por los señores del lugar, al margen de una parte de las mismas reservada en plena propiedad. Este artículo recoge las características de esa forma de tenencia, así como el proceso de compras del dominio útil seguido por los titulares del dominio directo durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX; gracias al cual, y a pesar del nuevo marco sociopolítico y legal creado tras la abolición del régimen señorial, conseguirán recuperar la plena propiedad de parte del patrimonio antiguamente establecido a través de la consolidación de dominios.
La importancia de los deslizamientos en la morfogénesis de los paisajes canarios
Authors: Villalba Moreno Eustaquio
Published: June 2015

La confirmación de la teoría de T. Bravo, que atribuye a un deslizamiento gravitacional la génesis de la caldera de Las Cañadas, implica la revisión de los estudios geomorfológicos de las Islas Canarias. Se muestra que estas avalanchas son las responsables de otras grandes formas de relieve en las Islas y, en consecuencia, el papel asignado por los geógrafos a los sistemas morfoclimáticos pierde importancia e implica modificar las metodologías seguidas hasta ahora.
Ordenación del territorio y análisis geográfico regional. Propuesta de un método de trabajo aplicado: el plan estratégico del eje económico del Vinalopó (Alicante)
Authors: Rico Amorós Antonio Manuel , Olcina Cantos Jorge
Published: June 2015

La participación del geógrafo en investigaciones de orientación aplicada, aunque no es muy frecuente en nuestro país, resulta básica para aportar nuevos métodos y enfoques que enriquezcan los trabajos de Ordenación del Territorio y Planificación Regional. El Plan Estratégico del Vinalopó, realizado por un equipo multidisciplinar (geógrafos, economistas, arquitectos) de la Universidad de Alicante, ha permitido poner en práctica un método de análisis geográfico regional destinado a optimizar los recursos naturales, productivos, demográficos y culturales de este espacio subregional valenciano, a partir de una serie de líneas de actuación estratégicas que han tenido en cuenta las singularidades del territorio.
La industria del calzado en la provincia de Alicante: características de su evolución reciente (1970-1991)
Authors: Sebastiá Alcaraz Rafael
Published: June 2015

Las importantes transformaciones generadas como consecuencia de los acontecimientos políticos, sociales, de los avances tecnólogicos y/o de las exigencias de los mercados, han influido en la evolución de las estructuras productivas y de los espacios geográficos industriales. En este caso la investigación se ha centrado en Alicante, y en un sector: el del calzado, que durante este período ha estado definiendo el desarrollo industrial de la provincia.
Innovation und Paradigma
Authors: Peine Alexander
Published: June 2015

Technologische Paradigmen sind ein zentrales Theoriestück gegenwärtiger Innovationsforschung. Sie betonen die Pfadabhängigkeit technologischen Wandels. Die Studie diskutiert zunächst verschiedene Ansätze der Innovationsforschung systematisch im Lichte des Paradigmabegriffs von Thomas Kuhn. So kann erstmals herausgearbeitet werden, wie technologische Paradigmen im Einzelnen wirken. Sie beeinflussen Innovationsprozesse durch einen spezifischen epistemischen Stil. Dies wird für die Entwicklung von Smart Home Technologien empirisch dargestellt. An diesem Fall werden gleichzeitig die Grenzen des Paradigmabegriffs deutlich: Wie verlaufen Innovationsprozesse, die durch mehrere klar trennbare Paradigmen beeinflusst werden? Die Studie zeigt am Beispiel des demographischen Wandels, dass die Wahrnehmung gesellschaftlicher Veränderungen eine zentrale Rolle für die Koordination verschiedener Paradigmen in Innovationsprozessen spielen kann.
Die Prostituierte im Film
Authors: Wagner Hedwig
Published: June 2015

In dieser Studie wird die Figur der Prostituierten, als Film- wie auch als Diskursfigur, in den seit den 1990er Jahren virulent gewordenen Verhandlungsfeldern von Wissen und Sexualität neu verortet. In einer Neubestimmung des Begriffspaars ›Gender/Medien‹ sowie in Abkehr vom Devianzansatz, der die feministische Prostitutionsforschung lange beherrschte, wird ›Gender als Medium‹ aufgefasst. Die materialreichen Spielfilmanalysen (»Die flambierte Frau«, »Liebe und Anarchie«, »Anna Christie«, »Tokio Dekadenz«) sind zugleich ein analytischer Nachgang auf Forschungen der Systemtheorie, der feministischen Diskurse, der psychoanalytisch orientierten Kulturwissenschaft sowie der kulturwissenschaftlichen Medientheorie und konfrontieren diese aus einer Perspektive der medienwissenschaftlichen Gender Studies.
The role of optimization to control traffic signals setting on capacity and flow at peak hours at intersections
Authors: Jafari Haghighatpour Pegah , Mansourkhaki Ali , Mehdizadeh Gholamreza , Keymanesh Mahmouddreza
Published: June 2015

Control the pre timing of traffic signals has many advantages because of its responsiveness to traffic demands, short cycles, and effective use of capacity leading to and recovering from oversaturation and amenability to aggressive transit priority. Traffic congestion in urban road and freeway networks leads to a strong degradation of the network infrastructure and accordingly reduced throughput, which can be countered via suitable control measures and strategies. Coordination between intersections in a central system increases capacity, appropriate traffic flow and reduce total delays of vehicles. Scats system has been installed in many world intersections, and many researchers have done about the advantages of it to decrease delays and travel times at intersection. SCATS is a modular system and development of this is possible. Now in Tehran's this system is used and traffic conditions matches on it. Traffic signal timing schedule gives in this system as default and although this system is capable of adapting to the moment traffic but in terms of super saturation and during peak hours due to the lack of optimization, default program around intersection has caused widespread congestion at intersection. In this paper, two intersections of East and West of Tehran have been selected, and in two different situations, the flow to capacity ratio of traffic signal timing has been investigated before and after optimization. Simulation by AIMSUN and optimization by SYNCHRO software is done. After optimization can be observed that if before the pre-defined schedule for SCATS, this plan for each intersection of the volume of traffic at peak hours has been optimized, a great reduction in delay and increase in capacity can be observed at intersections. For example, delay time reduction has been occurred about 14.77 in AM peak time and 12.65 in PM peak time at GOLBARG-DARDASHT intersection.
Transapical Closure of a Pseudoaneurysm of the Mitral-Aortic Intervalvular Fibrosa
Authors: Babaliaros Vasilis C. , Lerakis Stamatios , Thourani Vinod H. , Iturra Sebastian , Hartlage Gregory , Shirazi Farheen , Clements Stephen D.
Published: June 2015

Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa is a rare but serious sequela of endocarditis or valve replacement surgery. Because open-heart surgery is a high-risk treatment option, alternative methods are sought. We present the case of a 77-year-old man with a noninfected mechanical mitral valve whose pseudoaneurysm was repaired by introducing an occluder device into the defect by a transapical approach. Upon follow-up imaging, the defect was successfully closed. We conclude that percutaneous closure of pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa is a viable alternative to surgery and that a transapical approach is an appropriate method of access.
Left Atrial Myxoma Causing Coronary Steal: An Atypical Cause of Angina
Authors: Stiver Kevin , Bittenbender Peter , Whitson Bryan A. , Bush Charles A.
Published: June 2015

Cardiac myxomas are rare primary cardiac tumors that usually present with dyspnea or manifestations of systemic embolization. Coronary steal is a rare phenomenon of unbalanced blood flow that is seen primarily in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting and have subclavian artery stenosis.

We report the case of a 72-year-old woman who presented with fatigue, weakness, and exertional chest heaviness and had abnormal results on a cardiac stress test. The results of coronary angiography showed no obstructive coronary artery disease but revealed a large intracardiac left atrial mass that was supplied by 2 anomalous coronary arteries. The patient underwent successful ligation of the anomalous coronary arteries and resection of the mass, which was histologically an atrial myxoma. The patient's symptoms resolved, and results of a repeat cardiac stress test were normal.

To our knowledge, this is the first report of a highly vascularized atrial myxoma that caused coronary steal with objective evidence of ischemia, and with subsequent resolution after resection of the mass and ligation of the anomalous coronary arteries.
Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Placement
Authors: Qureshi Athar M. , Prieto Lourdes R.
Published: June 2015

Patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary valve disease need multiple procedures over their lifetimes to replace their pulmonary valves. Chronic pulmonary stenosis, regurgitation, or both have untoward effects on ventricular function and on the clinical status of these patients. To date, all right ventricle–pulmonary artery conduits have had relatively short lifespans. Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation, although relatively new, will probably reduce the number of operative procedures that these patients will have to undergo over a lifetime. Refinement and further development of this procedure holds promise for the extension of this technology to other patient populations.
Evidence For and Against Dietary Recommendations to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Dildy Theresa
Published: June 2015

Evidence-based dietary guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease have changed significantly over the past 9 years. Now less emphasis is placed on total dietary fat and cholesterol restriction and more emphasis on restricting saturated fat. The public outcry to stop demonizing saturated fats has been around for some time. We are now hearing more agreement from medical researchers and clinicians alike, as they become aware of evidence that some saturated fatty acids are not harmful and some are actually beneficial.

Another criticism of the dietary guidelines is their failure to look at more meaningful outcomes in research. Instead of using low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol to measure risk, they should use markers for inflammation, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome—all well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Perhaps the recommendations that arise from dietary research would be more meaningful if they were presented more simply: in terms of whole foods (like dairy products and fresh meat), rather than nutrients (like saturated fat).
Showrooms as a Window to Science Based Innovation
Authors: Boronowsky Michael , Woronowicz Tanja , Hoffmann Peter , Boboev Sangin
Published: June 2015

Scientific results benefit from more tangible stakeholder communication. Showrooms are a tool to transform abstract scientific concepts into solution-oriented and less complex demonstrators. The basic idea of a showroom implies a smart expo and meeting place to demonstrate the latest technological developments in a comprehensive and interactive manner and to stimulate transfer of scientific results to practice. Presentation of new technologies can be an eye opener of what can already be done today. But it is just more than this as it can put discussion with interested stakeholders to a new level - allowing to think beyond this - paving the ground for innovation. This way a showroom stimulates very substantial discussion about future ideas with real involvement of industry and society. Involving the public via a showroom environment is also helpful for the diffusion of new ideas, leading to potential faster market take-up, when new solutions are put into reality. Furthermore the interaction with the public is a stimulus also for the scientist, raising a much better understanding about current and future needs.

Capability is understood as a measure of the ability of an entity (organization, person, system) to achieve its objectives in relation to its overall mission professional science communication is part of the capability of, e.g., a university. Innovation capability in this sense refers to the ability of a set of regional stakeholders from academia, political authorities, public administrations and industry to innovate in synergy for economic and societal development – showrooms are an important tool to achieve this.
Multi-Agent Based Cargo Auction
Authors: Lavendelis Egons , Grundspenkis Janis
Published: June 2015

The paper presents a mechanism and an implemented tool for multi-agent based cargo auctions. The auction automates negotiations between a particular client and multiple logistics companies. The user can define his priorities in terms of six different criteria and find the most appropriate offer as a result of an auction. The developed marketplace is part of the eINTERASIA e-logistics portal and, thus, available online for both the client and the logistics companies.
OCR für Drucke der Frühen Neuzeit? Erfahrungen und Perspektiven am Beispiel von Funeralschriften
Authors: Federbusch Maria
Published: June 2015

Kann die automatische Texterkennung (OCR) für Alte Drucke erfolgreich eingesetzt werden? Welcher Aufwand ist dazu erforderlich? Welche Ergebnisse können erzielt werden? Neben diesen zum Teil nur angerissenen Fragen werden die materialbedingten Herausforderungen benannt und ihre Auswirkungen auf den OCR-Workflow erläutert. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf Optimierungsmöglichkeiten hinsichtlich der erreichten Qualitäten. Den Ausgangspunkt bilden Erfahrungen eines von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Pilotprojekts zur OCR von Funeralschriften an der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz.
Reflections inspired by a scholarly book on the Haitian Creole language and a good old-fashioned language debate
Authors: Jean-Baptiste Rozevel , Valdez Juan R.
Published: June 2015

The following note is a brief discussion of the most recent developments in the language debate in Haiti. Our main objective is to raise awareness of the ongoing tensions between those that advocate for some type of bilingual Haitian society and those who passionately seek to empower Haitian Creole. These reflections were triggered by the availability of the first comprehensive linguistic, social and historical account of Haitian Creole, Spears and Joseph's (2010)
Mapping Data - Quality, Quantity Or Both?
Authors: Suba N.Sz. , Suba Şt.
Published: June 2015

In the history of mankind, society was always heavily relying on the knowledge regarding their surroundings. Maps of already known areas were used in different areas of human activity, regardless if they were military applications or for plain orientation purposes. In the modern days of the 21st century, it is almost unimaginable for any corporate or private user to carry out their usual activity without precise knowledge of their (eventually larger than before) surroundings. One thing that changed in the past few years is that although people always used maps, the making of these were in the hand of certain specialists - the land surveyor engineers. Today, to a certain extent, any user can contribute to the expansion of existing maps (or even create new ones), thus leading to a vast dataset included in these maps. While this will theoretically further expand our knowledge regarding our surroundings, a natural question can come in everybody's mind: does the increasing quantity lead to unassailable quality as well? Can we enhance the reliability of existing maps and contribute to nearly error-free future maps?
Application Of The Distributed Plasticity Concept In Quick Nonlinear Analysis Of Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls
Authors: Trifa F. S. , Cătărig A.
Published: June 2015

The paper presents a simplified calculation method to predict, as accurate as possible, the most important characteristics of the behaviour of the slender reinforced concrete shear walls in the inelastic range: failure mode, strength capacity, flexural and shear deformations, sectional and element ductility. The formulation is based on nonlinear beam element with taking into account the influence of shear, both on strength and stiffness of the wall. The principal parameters incorporated in the calculation model are: the rectangular shape of the cross section, the aspect ratio of the wall, the most accurate constitutive relationships for the compressed concrete and for the reinforcement steel, both in compression and in tension (including the strengthening of the steel after yielding), the variation of the Poisson ratio of the concrete, the amount and distribution of the vertical reinforcement. The model uses the concept of distributed (smeared) plasticity along the element and so the flexural deformations are computed by integrating the actual curvatures on the height of the wall. The shear deformations are also calculated, in agreement with the results of some recent experimental researches. The calculation method was then applied to two experimental wall specimens and their force – horizontal top displacement curves were plotted.
Determination of Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficient at High Temperatures Using a Combined Experimental-Computational Technique
Authors: Kočí Václav , Kočí Jan , Korecký Tomáš , Maděra Jiří , Černý Robert Č
Published: June 2015

The radiative heat transfer coefficient at high temperatures is determined using a combination of experimental measurement and computational modeling. In the experimental part, cement mortar specimen is heated in a laboratory furnace to 600°C and the temperature field inside is recorded using built-in K-type thermocouples connected to a data logger. The measured temperatures are then used as input parameters in the three dimensional computational modeling whose objective is to find the best correlation between the measured and calculated data via four free parameters, namely the thermal conductivity of the specimen, effective thermal conductivity of thermal insulation, and heat transfer coefficients at normal and high temperatures. The optimization procedure which is performed using the genetic algorithms provides the value of the high-temperature radiative heat transfer coefficient of 3.64 W/(m2K).
Commercialization Methods of a New Product/service in ICT Industry: Case of a Science & Technology Park
Authors: Aslani Alireza , Eftekhari Hossein , Hamidi Mahdi , Nabavi Bahareh
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Commercialization is a step toward new products/services development. Due to high rate of product/service failure in ICT industry, the purpose of this paper is to study and evaluate commercialization methods implemented by companies that operate within ICT industry at the Science and Technology Park of University of Tehran.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology of this study is of field research type. After examining commercialization methods presented in the literature and confirming methods found by the discipline elite, structured interviews were conducted addressed managers and experts of ICT companies.

Results: Three methods of “joint research contracts”, “exhibitions” and “spin-offs” are among the most common commercialization methods used by companies.

Conclusion: Due to uncertainties that exist in ICT industry, companies should consider different strategies in order to develop successful products and services. Finally, specific policies are determined to implement each commercialization method in knowledge-based companies.
Mobile Wallets’ Business Models: Refining Strategic Partnerships
Authors: Buchinger Uschi , Ranaivoson Heritiana R. , Ballon Pieter
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose: Though Mobile Wallets have the potential to entirely substitute their physical predecessor, many Mobile Wallets narrow their operations to one particular feature. This might be because of strategic business- model design choices to position themselves strategically as intermediates between users and business partners (third parties) in more delimited markets. Thus, Mobile Wallet Applications (MWAs) often represent platforms in narrow two-sided market structures.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper focuses on the economics of such platforms by the means of a business model analysis. It examines how business partners are integrated in four MWAs’ strategies: Key Ring, FidMe, Apple Passbook and Qustomer.

Results: The paper shows that MWAs strive to incorporate not only a large quantity of partners but also such with a high brand value (quality of partners) in their organization design. These partners shape their service design since none of the platforms offer products or services themselves. Hence, MWAs are dependent on the third parties’ capacity and willingness to fulfill engagements and meet the customer demands.

Conclusion: MWAs - though concerned with the inclusion and management of loyalty points and schemes - do not leverage the possibility to generate revenue via third parties’ loyalty points. Theoretically, MWAs could reward or redeem loyalty points themselves.
Sensibilisierung von Kettenvernetzungen in Polystyrol durch aromatische Additive bei Einwirkung ionisierender Strahlung
Authors: Heusinger H.
Published: June 2015

Bei Bestrahlung von Polystyrol unter striktem Ausschluß von Sauerstoff wird durch Zugabe von Pyren die Zahl der Kettenvernetzungen gesteigert. Dieser Effekt erreicht ein Maximum bei 10-4 Mol Pyren/g Polystyrol. Die Untersuchungen zeigten, daß es sich hierbei nicht um einen Weichmachereffekt handelt. Auch ein Einbau von Additivmolekülen als Brückenglieder in das Polymere kann für diese Beobachtung nicht verantwortlich sein, da das Additiv unverändert aus der Reaktion hervorgeht. Es wird angenommen, daß unterhalb der Einfriertemperatur des Polystyrols (+80 °C) Kettenvernetzungen nicht durch Radikalrekombination erfolgen, sondern die Reaktionspartner angeregte Zustände sind. Die zusätzliche Induzierung von Kettenvernetzungen wäre damit als durch das Additiv sensibilisierte Reaktion zu verstehen.
Mechanical and Optical Properties Characterization of C-Plane (0001) and M-Plane (10−10) GaN by Nanoindentation and Luminescence
Authors: Yokogawa Toshiya , Fujikane Masaki , Nagao Shijo , Nowak Roman
Published: June 2015

Yield shear stress dependence on dislocation density and crystal orientation was studied in bulk GaN crystals by nanoindentation examination. The yield shear stress decreased with increasing dislocation density which is estimated by dark spot density in cathodoluminescence, and it decreased with decreasing nanoindentation strain-rate. It reached and coincided at 11.5 GPa for both quasi-static deformed c-plane (0001) and m-plane (10-10) GaN. Taking into account theoretical Peierls–Nabarro stress and yield stress for each slip system, these phenomena were concluded to be an evidence of heterogeneous mechanism associated plastic deformation in GaN crystal. Transmission electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulation also supported the mechanism with obtained r-plane (-1012) slip line right after plastic deformation, so called pop-in event. The agreement of the experimentally obtained atomic shuffle energy with the calculated twin boundary energy suggested that the nucleation of the local metastable twin boundary along the r-plane concentrated the indentation stress, leading to an r-plane slip. This nanoindentation examination is useful for the characterization of crystalline quality because the wafer mapping of the yield shear stress coincided the photoluminescence mapping which shows increase of emission efficiency due to reduction of non-radiative recombination process by dislocation.
Clara I. Martínez Cantón, El ritmo como clave del verso en Antonio Colinas
Authors: Sánchez Villadangos Nuria
Published: June 2015

Clara I. Martínez Cantón, El ritmo como clave del verso en Antonio Colinas
Séneca, Tragedias completas
Authors: Abril Juan Carlos
Published: June 2015

Séneca, Tragedias completas
Alicia Ramos Mesonero (ed.) La incógnita desvelada. Ensayos sobre la obra de Rosa Montero (Rafael Cabañas Alamán)
Authors: Cabañas Alamán Rafael
Published: June 2015

Reseña escrita por Rafael Cabañas Alamán de Alicia Ramos Mesonero La incógnita desvelada. Estudios sobre Rosa Montero
Feed First, Ask Questions Later: Alleviating and Understanding Caregiver Food Insecurity in an Urban Children’s Hospital
Authors: Makelarski Jennifer A. , Thorngren Daniel , Lindau Stacy Tessler
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We estimated the prevalence of caregiver hospital food insecurity (defined as not getting enough to eat during a child’s hospitalization), examined associations between food insecurity and barriers to food access, and propose a conceptual framework to inform remedies to this problem.

Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 200 caregivers of hospitalized children in Chicago, Illinois (June through December 2011). A self-administered questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, barriers to food, and caregiver hospital food insecurity.

Results. Caregiver hospital food insecurity was prevalent (32%). Caregivers who were aged 18 to 34 years, Black or African American, unpartnered, and with less education were more likely to experience hospital food insecurity. Not having enough money to buy food at the hospital, lack of reliable transportation, and lack of knowledge of where to get food at the hospital were associated with hospital food insecurity. The proposed conceptual framework posits a bidirectional relationship between food insecurity and health, emphasizing the interdependencies between caregiver food insecurity and patient outcomes.

Conclusions. Strategies are needed to identify and feed caregivers and to eradicate food insecurity in homes of children with serious illness.
Optimization of Biochemical Screening Methods for Volatile and Unstable Sesquiterpenoids Using HS-SPME-GC-MS
Authors: Andersen Trine , Cozzi Federico , Simonsen Henrik
Published: June 2015

HS-SPME-GC-MS has been suggested as a fast and robust analytical platform for the product characterization of sesquiterpene synthases. The choice of fiber and injection temperature can have a significant effect on the observed product profile, due to the chemical rearrangements that can occur on the fiber material. Here we present a systematic study on the effects of fiber choice and injection port temperature on the observed sesquiterpenoid profile of four sesquiterpene synthases expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. We found that the absorbent material PDMS was much less likely to support acid-induced rearrangement of sesquiterpenoids when compared to the adsorbent materials PDMS/DVB, PDMS/CAR, and PDMS/CAR/DVB. Furthermore, utilizing an injection port temperature at 160 °C almost eliminated the inherent thermal instability of germacrene sesquiterpenoids. Thus, for fast screening of sesquiterpene synthases, the results suggest that PDMS fibers and an injection temperature of 160 °C provide a fast and reproducible HS-SPME GC-MS method when using H2 as carrier gas.
Recombinant Immunomodulating Lentogenic or Mesogenic Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus for Treatment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Buijs Pascal , Van Nieuwkoop Stefan , Vaes Vincent , Fouchier Ron , Van Eijck Casper , Hoogen Bernadette
Published: June 2015

Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) might be a promising new therapeutic agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We evaluated recombinant NDVs (rNDVs) expressing interferon (rNDV-hIFNβ-F\(_{\rm{0}}\)) or an IFN antagonistic protein (rNDV-NS1-F\(_{\rm{0}}\)), as well as rNDV with increased virulence (rNDV-F\(_{\rm{3aa}}\)) for oncolytic efficacy in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Expression of additional proteins did not hamper virus replication or cytotoxic effects on itself. However, expression of interferon, but not NS1, resulted in loss of multicycle replication. Conversely, increasing the virulence (rNDV-F\(_{\rm{3aa}}\)) resulted in enhanced replication of the virus. Type I interferon was produced in high amounts by all tumor cells inoculated with rNDV-hIFNβ -F\(_{\rm{0}}\), while inoculation with rNDV-NS1-F\(_{\rm{0}}\) resulted in a complete block of interferon production in most cells. Inoculation of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells with rNDV-F\(_{\rm{3aa}}\) caused markedly more cytotoxicity compared to rNDV-F\(_{\rm{0}}\), while inoculation with rNDV-hIFNβ -F\(_{\rm{0}}\) and rNDV-NS1-F\(_{\rm{0}}\) induced cytotoxic effects comparable to those induced by the parental rNDV-F\(_{\rm{0}}\). Evaluation in vivo using mice bearing subcutaneous pancreatic cancer xenografts revealed that only intratumoral injection with rNDV-F\(_{\rm{3aa}}\) resulted in regression of tumors. We conclude that although lentogenic rNDVs harboring proteins that modulate the type I interferon pathway proteins do have an oncolytic effect, a more virulent mesogenic rNDV might be needed to improve oncolytic efficacy.
APOBEC3 Interference during Replication of Viral Genomes
Authors: Willems Luc , Gillet Nicolas
Published: June 2015

Co-evolution of viruses and their hosts has reached a fragile and dynamic equilibrium that allows viral persistence, replication and transmission. In response, infected hosts have developed strategies of defense that counteract the deleterious effects of viral infections. In particular, single-strand DNA editing by Apolipoprotein B Editing Catalytic subunits proteins 3 (APOBEC3s) is a well-conserved mechanism of mammalian innate immunity that mutates and inactivates viral genomes. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of APOBEC3 editing during viral replication, the viral strategies that prevent APOBEC3 activity and the consequences of APOBEC3 modulation on viral fitness and host genome integrity. Understanding the mechanisms involved reveals new prospects for therapeutic intervention.