bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF THE QUESTION IN THE ENGLISH ADVERTISING TOURIST NARRATIVE
Authors: Gavrikova Yuliya S. , Golukovich Alla E. , Trushchinskaya Alexandra S.
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes interrogative sentences in the English advertising tourist narrative. The study is relevant due to the fact that the interrogative sentence has a significant speech potential. This is a reason for opportunities of research. The purpose of the work is to classify interrogative sentences in English advertising texts on the topic of travel, using certain criteria. The use of interrogative sentences is one of the syntactic distinguishing features of English advertising texts. Interrogative sentences intrigue potential buyers, draw their attention to the advertised product or service. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the question is not studied as a statement taken out of context, on the contrary, the target orientation of interrogative sentences is analyzed. The article reveals the communicative intentions of the questions in the analyzed narrative, and also identifies the types of questions in terms of the communicative intention they carry out. The questions are also compared by the frequency of use in the travel advertising narrative.

Materials and methods. 136 questions were selected by the method of continuous sampling from English-language sites devoted to advertisements for travelling. The contextual method, the method of continuous sampling, distributive, pragmatic and quantitative methods were used in the analysis.

Results. The results of the study showed that the communicative intentions of the questions in the English-language advertising narrative differ from the questions used in dialogic speech. The analysis of communicative intentions made it possible to distinguish three types of questions. They are guiding questions, the purpose of which is to focus the reader’s attention on something special, to encourage some actions; involving questions, the purpose of which is to attract the reader, to motivate them to read the advertisement; preliminary questions, the purpose of which is to simulate a dialogic speech with an expert in the field of tourism. The guiding question is the most frequent type of question in travel advertising narrative. This is due to the fact that the purpose of the advertisement is to encourage certain actions.

Practical implications. The results can be used in further studies of the pragmatic aspects of interrogative sentences in the English-language advertising narrative.
INTERACTION OF THE VLADIMIR GOVERNORS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN THE LAST QUARTER OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES
Authors: Kudryashov Kirill O.
Published: September 2023

Background. In the last quarter of the 19th – early 20th century. in the Russian Empire, there was an intensification of the revolutionary and strike movement, as well as the growth of state opposition. To restore order and ensure control, the governors of the regions, including the Vladimir province, were given broader powers in the field of interaction with law enforcement agencies. New structures were created to fight the opposition: the factory police, a network of agents, and others. The article analyzes the effectiveness of interaction between governors and law enforcement agencies, reveals the personnel policy of the provincial government.

The purpose of the article is to study the effectiveness of interaction between the Vladimir governors and law enforcement agencies in the last quarter of the 19th – early 20th centuries.

Materials and methods. The materials for the study were official documents of the State Archives of the Vladimir Region, the State Archives of the Ivanovo Region and the State Archives of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of this study is the principles of historicism and consistency, implemented thanks to the problem-chronological, historical-genetic and analytical methods.

Results. The article discusses the interaction of the governors of the Vladimir province with law enforcement agencies in problem situations. During the period of growing opposition sentiments, the governors comprehensively resorted to the functions of law enforcement agencies. At the end of XIX – beginning of XX century it was planned to soften the course of the governors in relation to the opposition, they avoided direct intervention. The governors were interested in the protection of law and order in the region. The peculiarity of the work of the provincial government with the personnel of law enforcement agencies is given.

Conclusion. The results of the study can be applied in a regional study of similar “internal” provinces of the Russian Empire on this issue, also for the preparation of manuals and lectures on the relationship of governors and law enforcement agencies.
PECULIARITIES OF SLANGISMS TRANSLATION IN ANNA TODD’S NOVEL «AFTER»
Authors: Sapukh Tatiana V. , Brotsman Dmitry A.
Published: September 2023

Background. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the translation of slangisms in Anna Todd’s novel After. The authors define slang as fragile, unstable, non-codified, and often completely random collections of lexemes that exist in the colloquial sphere, reflecting the public consciousness of people belonging to a certain social or professional environment. Slangisms are units of the lexical and phraseological system of slang used in popular oral and written speech. This article compares the translations of the novel After by the modern American writer A. Todd into Russian.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the translation of slangisms on the example of official and unofficial (amateur) translations of A. Todd’s novel After.

Materials and methods. The material of the study is A. Todd’s novel After, its official translation by M. Belyakov and an unofficial translation taken from the Ficbook.com website, performed by an amateur translator. During the study, a set of complementary research methods was used: theoretical analysis of scientific research on the problem, continuous sampling method, analysis and interpretation of the results obtained.

Results. Based on the analysis of the corpus of examples, it was revealed that when translating slangisms in A. Todd’s novel After, such translation techniques as variant correspondence, semantic development, and contextual translation were most often used. When translating slangisms, translators considered such factors as the age, social and personal qualities of the characters, as well as the unique style of the author’s language.
THREE TYPES OF NOSTALGIA IN COMPUTER GAMES
Authors: Igaeva Ksenia V.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the problems of representation of nostalgia in computer games and offers a distinction between its three interrelated forms: retrotopic, aestheticizing, nostalgia for childhood and lost parental home. These forms are featured in the series of games «Fallout», «Second Life», and «World of Warships». The relevance of the study is associated with a wide controversy about nostalgia in the framework of modern memory studies. Further, it is proved that the communicative nature of media memory subordinates the cultural component (in its interpretation by J. Assman). Nostalgia in computer games differs significantly from nostalgia in cinema, which also actively uses repetition and emotional identification – it is less reflective and more oriented to affect. On the other hand, the temporal dimension of nostalgia in computer games seems to be more complex, not leading to presentism, but expanding the contingency or complex interweaving of past, present and future.
PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN EXISTENCE IN THE URBANIZED ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Lapshina Valentina S.
Published: September 2023

The existential and socio-psychological threats to human bodily and emotional existence are observed in the urbanized environment, and the origins of the modern urban crisis are discovered. The author attempts to assess the danger and consequences of urbanization for modern human society. The paper formulates a typology of urban activism in the context of socio-philosophical discourse.

The aim of the research is philosophical comprehension of human existence in an urbanized environment. In accordance with the purpose, the tasks are outlined: to characterize the “city man”; to identify the contradictory consequences of urbanization for a modern Human; to determine the influence of urbanization atpeople’s lifestyle; to analyze the typology of the activities of city residents which(the activities) transform the urban environment in the context of modern urbanism.

Object: urbanism as a socio-philosophical phenomenon, subject: the existential dimension of Human in an urban environment.

Methodology. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods were used: analysis and synthesis, analogies, classifications, as well as philosophical methods of cognition (dialectical and hermeneutic). The method of generalization of philosophical and sociological issueswas applied and in particular by using interdisciplinary approach. The means of visual anthropology (cinematography, photography) are engaged in the study to analyze the documentary series “Homo Urbanus” whichis of special scientific value as a source of important social knowledge.

The originality of the study: the existential crisis was studied in the focus of urban anthropology, a classification of types of urban activism was proposed. Practical application. The results of the study can be applied in the future interdisciplinary research, as well as in the urban anthropology studies, in the research of the mutual influence of the city and man, as well as of separate topics of educational courses (“Urban Studies”, “Philosophy”, “Sociology”, “Anthropology”, “Aesthetics of Architecture and Design”, etc.).
Surgical treatment of the perihilar cholangiocarcinoma with portal vein invasion
Authors: Popov O.
Published: September 2023

Background. Perichilar cholangiocarcinoma is a rare type of malignant neoplasm and is 3-7 cases per 100,000 population. Surgical method is the only radical method of treatment, allowing to improve long-term survival results. One of the important and characteristic features of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is tumor invasion to the area of the portal vein bifurcation, which occurs in 30–45% of cases. Portal vein invasion is the one of the main causes of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma irresectability. However, innovative surgical technologies allow resection of the liver with resection and reconstruction of the portal vein with acceptable mortality.

The aim. The aim of our study was to asses results of surgical treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma with (Group 1) and without (Group 2) portal vein invasion.

Materials and methods. From 2003 to January 2023 in the Department of Surgery and Liver Transplantation of the Ukrainian National Institute of Surgery and Transplantation, 208 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent major extended liver resections. We compared 93 (46%) patients who received extended liver resection with portal vein resection (Group 1) with 115 (54%) patients who underwent liver resections without vascular reconstructions (Group 2). The average Ca 19–9 in the group 1 was 288 (8 – 1000) U/ml, in the group 2 –262 (10 – 612) U/ml. The level of total bilirubin in patients of the group 1 was 312 (43 – 621) mcmol/l, in the group 2 – 267 (10 – 612) mcmol/l. In view of this, in the preoperative period, 190 (91,3%) patients underwent decompression of the bile ducts, using percutaneous transhepatic cholangiostomy (PTBD) or retrograde endobiliary stenting. For patients with small remnant liver volume less than 40 %, in 80(38,5%) cases we did preoperative PVE of a resected part of the liver. In 9 cases we made simultaneous PVE and PTBD. When choosing the volume of surgical intervention, we proceeded from the tumor type of Bismuth-Corlette classification, invasion into the portal vessels and the depth of the liver lesion. The portal vein reconstruction was in all cases performed in an “end-to-end”. In all cases we made extended lymphadenectomy.

Results. All complications were classified according to the Dindo-Clavien classification. Postoperative mortality in the main group was 11.5%. The overall 1, 3, 5-year survival in the group 1 was 96%, 68,3%, 57,4%, respectively. 1, 3, 5-year survival rate in the comparison group 2 was 98,4%, 76,7%, 47,3%, respectively.

Conclusions. Aggressive tactics of surgical treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma provides maximum radicality, allows to increase resectability in case of tumor invasion of the portal vein with acceptable mortality and long-term survival.
Przestrzenie komunikacji: Tom jubileuszowy dedykowany Profesor Jolancie Antas
Authors: Winiarska Justyna , Załazińska Aneta
Published: September 2023

Oddajemy w Państwa ręce tom Przestrzenie komunikacji: czwarty z serii Obrazowanie w komunikacji. Tom nawiązujący do poprzednich, ale jednocześnie wyjątkowy – dedykowany Profesor Jolancie Antas – gromadzi teksty bardzo różnorodne. Wynika to oczywiście po części z faktu przyłączenia się do tego przedsięwzięcia przyjaciół Jubilatki, mających zainteresowania nie tylko językoznawcze, lecz także literaturoznawcze czy kulturoznawcze. Ponadto wielość prezentowanych w tomie spojrzeń jednoczy zjawisko, wokół którego koncentrowała się także naukowa działalność Profesor Jolanty Antas, mianowicie fenomen ludzkiej komunikacji. Nie sposób bowiem przyglądać się komunikacji międzyludzkiej, jeśli przyjmie się raz na zawsze tylko jeden punkt widzenia. Nie sposób nie oglądać jej z różnych perspektyw i pod różnymi kątami. Tylko takie podejście daje szansę na uchwycenie wielowymiarowości tego zjawiska, jego zróżnicowania i nieoczywistości. W tym nadrzędnym sensie tom ma charakter komunikologiczny, ukazuje bowiem język jako fenomen od zarania dziejów osadzony w zdarzeniu komunikacyjnym, wydarzający się w przestrzeni międzyludzkiej, a zatem naznaczonej ludzkim sposobem bycia. Naukowe zainteresowanie komunikacją międzyludzką w najróżnorodniejszych odcieniach pozwala zobaczyć, że odcienie te, podświetlenia i wyostrzenia tworzą mozaikę przestrzeni, widzianych jako przenikające się obszary. Ta jednocząca metafora widzenia i postrzegania stanowi więc adekwatny sposób ujęcia interdyscyplinarnego prezentowanego w niniejszym tomie.
Lecciones de hermenéutica jurídica. Octava edición
Authors: Dueñas Ruiz Óscar José
Published: September 2023

Esta nueva publicación de Lecciones de hermenéutica jurídica adiciona y adecúa lo dicho en las siete anteriores ediciones. Contiene un resumen sobre el oscilante camino del Derecho visto histórica y filosóficamente. Se refiere, además, a los principios, reglas, criterios, métodos interpretativos, dentro de un marco conceptual, ideológico y práctico. Incluye el análisis de los derechos fundamentales de acceso a la justicia y a la verdad. Estudia la hermenéutica de primer nivel (interpretación de la norma jurídica) y la hermenéutica de segundo nivel (observación, comprensión, explicación e interpretación de la jurisprudencia). Analiza dialécticamente la cultura del precedente. Reflexiona sobre la incertidumbre que existe respecto a si la jurisprudencia es vinculante o no. Plantea como hipótesis que existe crisis en la teoría del Estado, pero no en la Teoría del Derecho. Y contiene, al final, una síntesis de todos los temas que se plantean en esta octava edición.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO RITMO NA LÍRICA
Authors: Antonio Brasileiro
Published: September 2023

O ritmo é fundamental para a lírica. Com o processo de desestruturação do mundo moderno, repercutindo ao nível da própria frase, o ritmo tem sua importância realçada pelo fato de ser, talvez, aquele elemento capaz de nortear, pelos múltiplos caminhos da linguagem, a trajetória do homem em meio a todo esse caos. Apoiando-nos em poetas de língua inglesa ( Blake e Eliot ), mostramos, neste trabalho, essa importância do ritmo na lírica moderna.
UMA AMOSTRAGEM DE INDIVÍDUOS HIPERTENSOS NA CIDADE DE FEIRA DE SANTANA (BA)
Authors: Gomes de Souza e Silva Dariza , Silva Maria da Luz , Leal Correia Melo Marisa
Published: September 2023

O presente estudo objetiva analisar os níveis tensionais de indivíduos da cidade de Feira de Santana, Bahia, À amostra envolveu 1 414 indivíduos que participaram da Campanha de Controle da Pressão Arterial, Além da aferição dos níveis tensionais foi aplicado um formulário de entrevista objetivando investigar hábitos de saúde e casos de doença hipertensiva na família.
Chronic Quadricep Tendon Rupture Reconstruction with Poly-Tape and Achilles’ Tendon Allograft: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Permutt Anabelle , Tsamados Stamatios , Patel Akash
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Chronic rupture of the quadriceps tendon is an uncommon but debilitating injury, seen only in 1.37/100,000 patients per annum. The problems associated with this injury are the inability to walk due to disruption of the extensor mechanism and pain. There is limited literature on the reconstruction methods for this injury. This study aims to provide a case report and review of similar cases, using artificial tape and allograft. Case Report: A 60-year-old male patient was operated on for chronic quadriceps tendon rupture after falling on his knee with forced flexion. The surgical management in our case consisted of mobilization of the proximal quadriceps tendon and muscle belly with a V-Y tendon plasty, advancement of the tendon, and repair using the Krakow technique through intraosseous patellar tunnels, augmented with Poly-Tape (Neoligaments©) and an Achilles’ tendon allograft. This was used due to poor patient tissue quality and the extent of the defect. We also searched the literature for chronic quadriceps tendon ruptures reconstruction using poly tape or Achilles’ tendon allograft. Conclusion: Chronic quadriceps tendon rupture repairs have relatively poor outcomes, and no surgical procedure has been proven to be the gold standard treatment. We believe the novel combination of Poly-Tape supplemented with Achilles’ tendon allograft produces a structurally competent reconstruction in patients with poor tissue quality and large defects and produced good results in our case report. Keywords: Poly-Tape, quadriceps tendon rupture, Achilles’ tendon allograft.
A Novel Technique of Resecting Localized Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Knee Joint
Authors: Pinto Aditi , Krishnan Rinju , Shekar Kaushik , Amaravathi Rajkumar
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Pigmented villonodular synovitis is an uncommon benign proliferation of the synovium. In the knee joint, it can present as a localized or a diffuse form and can mimic numerous conditions. Case Report: We present a case report of a 54-year-old male with localized form of this condition. The diagnosis is not often made clinically but usually made with the help of magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology. We used a novel technique for resecting the tumor by arthroscopy. Conclusion: A high index of suspicion is required for the diagnosis of the condition and arthroscopic excision results in lower morbidity and lesser recurrence rates. Keywords: Pigmented villonodular synovitis, localized, synovium.
Denosumab-associated Periprosthetic Atypical Femur Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Abe Satomi , Inoue Masahiro , Mikami Takashi , Kanno Taiki , Masuda Takeshi
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Denosumab is generally used for 5–10 years to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. Although atypical fractures caused by bisphosphonate use are well known, reports of denosumab-associated femur fractures are rare. Case Report: Herein, a 75-year-old woman suffered an atypical periprosthetic femoral fracture 31 months after receiving denosumab. The fracture occurred transverse to the stem tip with lateral cortical thickening. The patient underwent revision surgery for conversion to a longer cemented stem. The fracture site healed 10 months after revision surgery. Conclusion: As far as we know, there have been no reports of a case on periprosthetic atypical femur fracture associated with denosumab. Our study shows the potential of periprosthetic atypical femoral fractures in patients using denosumab for a long time. Keywords: Atypical fracture, periprosthetic femoral fracture, total hip arthroplasty, denosumab, osteoporosis.
Democracy and Interreligious Dialogue in Africa: Prolegomenon for an African Political Theology
Authors: Nkulu-N'Sengha Mutombo
Published: September 2023

precis: This essay reflects on the future of democracy in Africa and the role of interreligious dialogue in the process. Based on research in political forms of democracy and extensive ethnographic work in Africa, especially the Democratic Republic of Congo, the author contextualizes the need for this reflection on the impact of colonization on indigenous African Traditional Religions (ATR's) and consequent chaos, economic misfortune, and the collapse of ancestral values. The Western rights paradigm is contrasted with the virtues paradigm of non-Western views of governance. The Luba religious view of Bumuntu summarizes this virtues paradigm; a ruler seeks to provide for authentic personhood embodied in concepts of good heart, dignity, and self-respect with a goal of cooperation between fair governance and moral values based on religious views. Is democracy possible in Africa? Is it needed or wanted? There is no panacea, yet the essay claims that governance according to ethical rules and religion as a foundation for moral virtues and values requires interreligious dialogue. Religious liberty and tolerance as both a right in the Western sense and a practice over many years in African life provide a bridge between ATR's and democratic aspiration. Details are provided of how the Golden Rule appears in a variety of ATR's and in Asian cultures. When democracy and human rights are rooted in local and regional understandings of the intrinsic nature of human being and the reign of humanity as a whole, then "Bulopwe I bantu" (power is to take care of the people) becomes a pathway to establish genuine democracy in African societies.
Religion, State, and Constitution in Ghana: Disputed Realms of Neutrality
Authors: Sarbah Cosmas Ebo
Published: September 2023

precis: This essay discusses the neutrality of the role of the state and its apparatus or agencies in Ghana as it takes various steps to ensure that rights to religious practices are protected. It also examines the extent to which the noninterference by state institutions in internal affairs and activities of religious organizations is carried out in the role of the state in the building of the national cathedral and the organization of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca—as it ensures that no undue advantage is given to any of the country's religious bodies. Finally, it assesses abuse, or even perceived abuse, of religious rights in the public space (schools and hospitals) led by the religious minority and examines the measures put in place by the state to deal with the problem.
Dialogue of Social Encounter: Toward Transforming Interreligious Conflict in Nigeria
Authors: Ehidiamhen Mary Lilian Akhere
Published: September 2023

precis: This essay investigates the causes of interreligious conflicts in Nigeria and the contribution of nonviolent communication to dialogue of social encounter toward achieving authentic religious freedom in Nigeria. The see, judge, and act methodology has been employed to examine the relevant literature drawn from Nigeria and beyond. Through seeing and judging, the essay engages in a critical evaluation of some literature that explains the causes of interreligious conflict and the situation of religious freedom in Nigeria. To move from theory to practice (act), it further examines nonviolent communication and explains how it can contribute to interreligious dialogue that promotes social encounter toward authentic religious freedom. It argues that greed, the struggle for economic resources, and violent communication—such as moralistic judgments, labeling, criticisms, and inadequate awareness of shared human needs—all contribute to interreligious conflicts. Additionally, nonviolent communication that is focused on identifying and satisfying human needs—the core of our common humanity—provides a skill set that promotes interreligious dialogue of social encounter and authentic religious freedom.
Measurement on a thin plate of stepped thickness using zero-group velocity effect of an S1 mode Lamb wave induced by a moving laser source
Authors: Li Zheng , Su Dashuai , Sun Xiaofeng
Published: September 2023

The desired narrowband mode of a Lamb wave can be generated efficiently, as long as the laser’s moving speed matches the mode’s phase velocity, which is a typical characteristic of the moving continuous wave (CW) laser excitation method. In this paper, S1 mode zero group velocity (ZGV) waves can be generated efficiently when the laser’s moving speed matches the phase velocity of the S1 mode at the ZGV point, while the two fundamental Lamb modes, i.e., A0 and S0 waves, can be avoided. Meanwhile, measurements on thin plates of stepped thickness were carried out by using the zero-group velocity effect of the S1 mode. Those simulation results demonstrated that the S1-ZGV resonance can be used to measure the thickness of thin plates by tracking the resonance peak as the sample was scanned, and good accuracy can be achieved, since the measurement was reduced to a simple frequency gauging of sample resonances in the ultrasonic domain, which provides a reliable method to measure a thin plate of varying thickness.
Properties of Hermite–Gaussian beams via the quantum potential
Authors: Silva-Ortigoza Gilberto , Espíndola-Ramos Ernesto , Gochicoa-Fuentes Edna Gabriela , Silva-Ortigoza Ramón
Published: September 2023

In this work we compute, via the quantum potential approach, the Hamiltonian system determined by Hermite–Gaussian beams. Then we show that the integral curves of the Poynting vector, exact optics energy trajectories, conform to a subset of solutions to the corresponding Hamilton equations lying on hyperboloidal surfaces. The geometrical light rays associated with these beams are given by the tangent lines to the integral curves of the Poynting vector at the zeroes of the quantum potential, and the caustic region coincides with the zeroes of quantum potential and quantum force. One of the main contributions of this work is to present the relationship between the physical phase kΦ, the geometrical-optics phase kΦ
G
, and the quantum potential QHG in the Hermite–Gaussian beams. Furthermore, note that for any solution to the paraxial wave equation in free space, the tangent lines to the integral curves of the Poynting vector that correspond to the geometric light rays are those that pass through the points where the region determined by zeroes of the quantum potential is tangent to the geometrical caustic determined by the geometric light rays.
Innovative graphene-dielectric metasurface: harnessing bound states in the continuum for advanced THz-wave modulation and high-sensitivity sensing
Authors: Li Zhexian , Qi Yunping , Zhou Zihao , Bing Luo , Wang Yaqi , Wang Xiangxian
Published: September 2023

We introduce a metasurface capable of generating multiple bound states in the continuum (BICs). Through the rotation of two LiTaO3 columns, the symmetry protection can be broken, resulting in a quasi-BIC with a high quality factor. The multipolar analysis of each BIC confirms that the dominant pole aligns closely with the electromagnetic field. Additionally, we demonstrate the tunability of the quasi-BIC’s quality factor by modifying the Fermi level of graphene, designing a terahertz (THz)-wave modulator with a remarkable modulation depth more than 90% and a modulation range of 36 meV, 108 meV, 30 meV, 1.2 meV, and 42 meV. Furthermore, the sensing performance of the metasurface is investigated. The sensitivity of peak1 is measured at 0.41 THz/RIU, peak2 at 0.4 THz/RIU, peak3 at 1.049 THz/RIU, peak4 at 0.34 THz/RIU, and peak5 at 1.59 THz/RIU, and the figure of merit of these BICs is calculated as 455.56RIU−1, 62.8RIU−1, 11,655.56RIU−1, 17,000RIU−1, and 7,950RIU−1, respectively. Compared with relevant studies, our metasurface demonstrates excellent performance. The results of these studies have potential applications in sensing, optical communication, and energy harvesting, and open up possibilities for efficient control and manipulation of terahertz waves.
Fast object imaging and classification based on circular harmonic Fourier moment detection
Authors: Meng Qi , Lai Wenchang , Lei Guozhong , Liu Hao , Cui Wenda , Shi Dongfeng , Wang Yan , Han Kai
Published: September 2023

Limited by the number of illumination fields and the speed of a spatial light modulator, single-pixel imaging (SPI) cannot realize real-time imaging and fast classification of an object. In this paper, we proposed the circular harmonic Fourier single-pixel imaging (CHF-SPI) for the first time to realize fast imaging and classification of objects. The light field distribution satisfies the circular harmonic Fourier formula, and the light intensity values of the single-pixel detector are equivalent to the circular harmonic Fourier moments. Then the target can be reconstructed under low sampling ratio by inverse transformation. Through simulation and experimental verification, clear imaging can be performed at a sampling ratio of 0.9%. In addition, circular harmonic Fourier moments are used to construct multi-distortion invariant to classify objects with rotation and scale change. The scale change multiples of objects can be calculated and the objects can be classified by using 10 light fields. It is of great significance to classify objects quickly without imaging.
Integrated photonic reservoir computing with an all-optical readout
Authors: Ma Chonghuai , Van Kerrebrouck Joris , Deng Hong , Sackesyn Stijn , Gooskens Emmanuel , Bai Bing , Dambre Joni , Bienstman Peter
Published: September 2023

Integrated photonic reservoir computing has been demonstrated to be able to tackle different problems because of its neural network nature. A key advantage of photonic reservoir computing over other neuromorphic paradigms is its straightforward readout system, which facilitates both rapid training and robust, fabrication variation-insensitive photonic integrated hardware implementation for real-time processing. We present our recent development of a fully-optical, coherent photonic reservoir chip integrated with an optical readout system, capitalizing on these benefits. Alongside the integrated system, we also demonstrate a weight update strategy that is suitable for the integrated optical readout hardware. Using this online training scheme, we successfully solved 3-bit header recognition and delayed XOR tasks at 20 Gbps in real-time, all within the optical domain without excess delays.
Structural design of an improved SPIDER optical system based on a multimode interference coupler
Authors: Song Xiaohan , Zuo Yong , Zeng Tianjie , Si Bohan , Hong Xiaobin , Wu Jian
Published: September 2023

The Segmented Planar Imaging Detector for Electro-Optical Reconnaissance (SPIDER) is a small volume, lightweight, low energy consumption, and high-resolution system expected to replace traditional large aperture telescopes for long-distance detection. In this paper, an improved SPIDER system is proposed, which uses a multimode interference (MMI) coupler instead of an orthogonal detector, and successfully doubles the space spectrum coverage. We present a three-point configuring method to configure lenslets, calculate spatial spectrum values from the output currents obtained by MMI. By comparing the performance of the MMI-SPIDER and SPIDER systems through simulations, we demonstrate that the former has more complete spatial spectrum coverage, resulting in better image restoration quality.
Comprehensive study of Raman optical response of typical substrates for thin-film growth under 633 nm and 785 nm laser excitation
Authors: Jan Atif , Strkalj Nives , Nguyen Xuan Trung , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L. , Di Martino Giuliana
Published: September 2023

Raman spectroscopy is one of the most efficient and non-destructive techniques for characterizing materials. However, it is challenging to analyze thin films using Raman spectroscopy since the substrates beneath the thin film often obscure its optical response. Here, we evaluate the suitability of fourteen commonly employed single-crystal substrates for Raman spectroscopy of thin films using 633 nm and 785 nm laser excitation systems. We determine the optimal wavenumber ranges for thin-film characterization by identifying the most prominent Raman peaks and their relative intensities for each substrate and across substrates. In addition, we compare the intensity of background signals across substrates, which is essential for establishing their applicability for Raman detection in thin films. The substrates LaAlO3 and Al2O3 have the largest free spectral range for both laser systems, while Al2O3 has the lowest background levels, according to our findings. In contrast, the substrates SrTiO3 and Nb:SrTiO3 have the narrowest free spectral range, while GdScO3, NGO and MgO have the highest background levels, making them unsuitable for optical investigations.
Independent multicolored bottle-beam generation using acousto-optic spatial shaping of a femtosecond laser beam
Authors: Obydennov Dmitry V. , Yushkov Konstantin B. , Molchanov Vladimir Ya.
Published: September 2023

We report on the development of a tunable spectral and spatial frequency shaping system for ultrashort laser pulses using acousto-optic filters. The system enables the creation of arbitrary axially symmetric multi-wavelength field configurations in the Ti:sapphire laser emission range near 800 nm and controlling them at a multi-kilohertz rate. We experimentally demonstrate independent generation of two-colored annular intensity distributions from a single femtosecond laser beam and a bottle beam having the hollow cylindrical volume with the aspect ratio of 9:1. This laser beam shaping system can be useful in creating advanced setups for an optical control of cold atoms.
Accelerating Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain Simulations for Inverse Design Problems in Nanophotonics using Deep Learning
Authors: Schulte Lukas , Butz Marco , Becker Marlon , Risse Benjamin , Schuck Carsten
Published: September 2023

Inverse design of nanophotonic devices becomes increasingly relevant for the development of complex photonic integrated circuits. Electromagnetic first-order simulations contribute the overwhelming computational cost to the optimization routines in established inverse design algorithms, requiring more efficient methods for enabling improved and more complex design process flows. Here we present such a method to predict the electromagnetic field distribution for pixel-discrete planar inverse designed structures using deep learning. Our model is able to infer accurate predictions used to initialize a conventional Finite Difference Frequency-Domain-algorithm and thus lowers the time required for simulating the electromagnetic response of nanophotonic device layouts by about 50 %. We demonstrate the applicability of our deep learning method for inverse design of photonic integrated powersplitters and mode converters
and we highlight the possibility of exploiting previous learning results in subsequent design tasks of novel functionalities via finetuning on reduced data sets, thus improving computational speed further.
Selective retention of dysfunctional mitochondria during asymmetric cell division in yeast
Authors: Chelius Xenia , Bartosch Veronika , Rausch Nathalie , Haubner Magdalena , Schramm Jana , Braun Ralf J. , Klecker Till , Westermann Benedikt
Published: September 2023

Decline of mitochondrial function is a hallmark of cellular aging. To counteract this process, some cells inherit mitochondria asymmetrically to rejuvenate daughter cells. The molecular mechanisms that control this process are poorly understood. Here, we made use of matrix-targeted D-amino acid oxidase (Su9-DAO) to selectively trigger oxidative damage in yeast mitochondria. We observed that dysfunctional mitochondria become fusion-incompetent and immotile. Lack of bud-directed movements is caused by defective recruitment of the myosin motor, Myo2. Intriguingly, intact mitochondria that are present in the same cell continue to move into the bud, establishing that quality control occurs directly at the level of the organelle in the mother. The selection of healthy organelles for inheritance no longer works in the absence of the mitochondrial Myo2 adapter protein Mmr1. Together, our data suggest a mechanism in which the combination of blocked fusion and loss of motor protein ensures that damaged mitochondria are retained in the mother cell to ensure rejuvenation of the bud.
Recombulator-X: A fast and user-friendly tool for estimating X chromosome recombination rates in forensic genetics
Authors: Aneli Serena , Fariselli Piero , Chierto Elena , Bini Carla , Robino Carlo , Birolo Giovanni
Published: September 2023

Genetic markers (especially short tandem repeats or STRs) located on the X chromosome are a valuable resource to solve complex kinship cases in forensic genetics in addition or alternatively to autosomal STRs. Groups of tightly linked markers are combined into haplotypes, thus increasing the discriminating power of tests. However, this approach requires precise knowledge of the recombination rates between adjacent markers. The International Society of Forensic Genetics recommends that recombination rate estimation on the X chromosome is performed from pedigree genetic data while taking into account the confounding effect of mutations. However, implementations that satisfy these requirements have several drawbacks: they were never publicly released, they are very slow and/or need cluster-level hardware and strong computational expertise to use. In order to address these key concerns we developed Recombulator-X, a new open-source Python tool. The most challenging issue, namely the running time, was addressed with dynamic programming techniques to greatly reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm. Compared to the previous methods, Recombulator-X reduces the estimation times from weeks or months to less than one hour for typical datasets. Moreover, the estimation process, including preprocessing, has been streamlined and packaged into a simple command-line tool that can be run on a normal PC. Where previous approaches were limited to small panels of STR markers (up to 15), our tool can handle greater numbers (up to 100) of mixed STR and non-STR markers. In conclusion, Recombulator-X makes the estimation process much simpler, faster and accessible to researchers without a computational background, hopefully spurring increased adoption of best practices.
Years of life lost to COVID-19 in 49 countries: A gender- and life cycle-based analysis of the first two years of the pandemic
Authors: Espinosa Oscar , Ramos Jeferson , Rojas-Botero Maylen Liseth , Fernández-Niño Julián Alfredo
Published: September 2023

Specific mortality rates have been widely used to monitor the main impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic; however, a more meaningful measure is the Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to the disease, considering it takes into account the premature nature of each death. We estimated the YLL due to COVID-19 between January 2020 and December 2021 in 49 countries for which information was available, developing an analytical method that mathematically refines that proposed by the World Health Organization. We then calculated YLL rates overall, as well as by sex and life cycle. Additionally, we estimated the national cost-effective budgets required to manage COVID-19 from a health system perspective. During the two years of analysis, we estimated that 85.6 million years of life were lost due to COVID-19 in the 49 countries studied. However, due to a lack of data, we were unable to analyze the burden of COVID-19 in about 75% of the countries in the world. We found no difference in the magnitude of YLL rates by gender but did find differences according to life cycle, with older adults contributing the greatest burden of YLL. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant burden of disease, which has varied between countries. However, due to the lack of quality and disaggregated data, it has been difficult to monitor and compare the pandemic internationally. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen health information systems in order to prepare for future pandemics as well as to evaluate their impacts.
Association of behavior pattern with overweight and obesity in South Korean adults–A multi correspondence analysis (KNHANES-2018–2020)
Authors: Kim Do Hee , Rajaguru Vasuki , Kim Bomgyeol , Jang Suk-Yong , Shin Jaeyong , Lee Sang Gyu , Kim Tae Hyun
Published: September 2023

The objective was to determine the association between health-related behaviour with overweight and obesity in South Korean adults by using the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2018–2020. The study participants were 16,784 aged ≥ 20years. The variables were socio-demographic, lifestyle, food habits and metabolic conditions. The logistic regression analysis performed to find the association by the odds ratio (OR, 95% CI). MCA performed to identify risk factors were computed for overweight and obesity. Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with health behaviour, high income (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.15–1.39), smoking(OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.08–1.53), low physical activity(OR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.79–4.69), diabetes(OR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.62–4.50), high cholesterol and low HDL(OR = 3.98; 95%CI:2.65–5.97). The high discriminant variables of MCA were aged over 60years, lower education, high income, diabetes, lack of physical activity, and high cholesterol. The findings confirm that the OR of obesity and overweight was likely associated with health behaviour patterns. Besides, it indicates the MCA would be very effective to identify the population-based data context than individual data and it may suggest that more research on association between health behaviours and obesity prevention interventions should be developed for each age group for better health outcomes.
Logical gates in ensembles of proteinoid microspheres
Authors: Mougkogiannis Panagiotis , Adamatzky Andrew
Published: September 2023

Proteinoids are thermal proteins which swell into microspheres in aqueous solution. Ensembles of proteinoids produce electrical spiking activity similar to that of neurons. We introduce a novel method for implementing logical gates in the ensembles of proteinoid microspheres using chronoamperometry. Chronoamperometry is a technique that involves applying a voltage pulse to proteinoid microspheres and measuring their current response. We have observed that proteinoids exhibit distinct current patterns that align with various logical outputs. We identify four types of logical gates: AND, OR, XOR, and NAND. These gates are determined by the current response of proteinoid microspheres. Additionally, we demonstrate that proteinoid microspheres have the ability to modify their current response over time, which is influenced by their previous exposure to voltage. This indicates that they possess a capacity for learning and are capable of adapting to their environment. Our research showcases the ability of proteinoid microspheres to perform logical operations and computations through their inherent electrical properties.
Prediction of hot spots towards drug discovery by protein sequence embedding with 1D convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhang Youzhi , Yao Sijie , Chen Peng
Published: September 2023

Protein hotspot residues are key sites that mediate protein-protein interactions. Accurate identification of these residues is essential for understanding the mechanism from protein to function and for designing drug targets. Current research has mostly focused on using machine learning methods to predict hot spots from known interface residues, which artificially extract the corresponding features of amino acid residues from sequence, structure, evolution, energy, and other information to train and test machine learning models. The process is cumbersome, time-consuming and laborious to some extent. This paper proposes a novel idea that develops a pre-trained protein sequence embedding model combined with a one-dimensional convolutional neural network, called Embed-1dCNN, to predict protein hotspot residues. In order to obtain large data samples, this work integrates and extracts data from the datasets of ASEdb, BID, SKEMPI and dbMPIKT to generate a new dataset, and adopts the SMOTE algorithm to expand positive samples to form the training set. The experimental results show that the method achieves an F1 score of 0.82 on the test set. Compared with other hot spot prediction methods, our model achieved better prediction performance.
Assessing the impact of technological change on similar occupations: Implications for employment alternatives
Authors: Torosyan Karine , Wang Sicheng , Mack Elizabeth A. , Van Fossen Jenna A. , Baker Nathan
Published: September 2023

Background

The fast-changing labor market highlights the need for an in-depth understanding of occupational mobility impacted by technological change. However, we lack a multidimensional classification scheme that considers similarities of occupations comprehensively, which prevents us from predicting employment trends and mobility across occupations. This study fills the gap by examining employment trends based on similarities between occupations.

Method

We first demonstrated a new method that clusters 756 occupation titles based on knowledge, skills, abilities, education, experience, training, activities, values, and interests. We used the Principal Component Analysis to categorize occupations in the Standard Occupational Classification, which is grouped into a four-level hierarchy. Then, we paired the occupation clusters with the occupational employment projections provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. We analyzed how employment would change and what factors affect the employment changes within occupation groups. Particularly, we specified factors related to technological changes.

Results

The results reveal that technological change accounts for significant job losses in some clusters. This poses occupational mobility challenges for workers in these jobs at present. Job losses for nearly 60% of current employment will occur in low-skill, low-wage occupational groups. Meanwhile, many mid-skilled and highly skilled jobs are projected to grow in the next ten years.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate the utility of our occupational classification scheme. Furthermore, it suggests a critical need for skills upgrading and workforce development for workers in declining jobs. Special attention should be paid to vulnerable workers, such as older individuals and minorities.
Los exiliados del Río de la Plata en Río de Janeiro y ocupación de la Banda Oriental (1815-1818)
Authors: Riccio Schiefler Felipe
Published: September 2023

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la presencia de actores políticos del Río de la Plata exiliados en la Corte de Río de Janeiro en los años que precedieron a la Independencia. Con participación activa en la política platina, fueron bien recibidos en la Corte y elaboraron, junto a los ministros joaninos, los planes para la invasión de la Banda Oriental. En estos documentos ayudaron a difundir, años antes de la Independencia, un lenguaje político contrario a los ideales republicanos y federalistas. Estas mismas ideas sirvieron como munición, años después, para atacar movimientos políticos alternativos a los gestados en Río de Janeiro y en las provincias vecinas. La idea, por tanto, es destacar cómo desde la América española también llegaron ideas que contribuyeron al modelo político adoptado por el país después de la Independencia.
Presentación
Authors: Berdugo Gómez de la Torre Ignacio , Beçak Rubens
Published: September 2023

Presentación de los Directores. Texto de presentación del número 20 (volumen 9) de la Revista de Estudios Brasileños.