bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How does the governance of the executive branch operate in democratic Brazil? An analysis of the Center of Government
Authors: Cavalcante Pedro Luiz Costa , Gomide Alexandre de Ávila
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: This paper aims to analyze how the Center of Government (CoG) operates as units responsible for conducting the presidential agenda in contemporary Brazil. Materials and Methods: The study applied the theoretical approach of CoG as a governance arrangement and used qualitative and quantitative data to reach its objective. Besides the bibliographic review on the literature and official documents, the study synthesizes and deepens empirical data and information from a joint research project covering the period of political stability in Brazil, from 1995 to 2014, when elected presidents ended their terms. Results: The empirical findings confirm that CoG is a flexible and dynamic phenomenon. It puts a critical perspective on the normative “good governance” approach that overvalues its technical dimension and neglects its political aspect. Discussion: The inquiry results shed light on the importance of the relation between politics and policy, by demonstrating that CoG’s configuration and functions vary due to multiple causes, each president’s priority policy agenda is implemented with different strategies and; the prioritized policies follow a unique coordination logic inside the Brazilian federal government.
O Aprendizado de Semiologia em um Currículo Tradicional
Authors: Sayd Jane Dutra , Silva Daniele de Andrade e , Ribeiro Maria Pia Diniz
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Realizou-se um estudo etnográfico entre estudantes de Medicina no momento de seu primeiro contato com pacientes numa escola pública do Rio de Janeiro ao longo do seu aprendizado de Semiologia. Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais, obtidos em entrevistas em que os estudantes responderam questões sobre a relação médico-paciente e suas impressões sobre a Semiologia. Não houve recusas, e os estudos responderam às questões escrevendo suas opiniões e impressões. Os resultados mostraram algumas diferenças de gênero. Estudantes de sexo feminino frequentemente expressaram seus sentimentos sobre professores e pacientes, e os do sexo masculino comentaram principalmente sobre o nível cientifico e questões pedagógicas concernentes aos conteúdo da disciplina. Ambos os grupos referiam a presença de fortes laços relacionais com o professor. Bons relacionamentos foram apresentados como fonte importante de motivação para estudo e esforço de desenvolver habilidades junto ao paciente. O professor é encarado como um “pai”. Por outro lado, relações conflituosas são relatadas como fonte de depressão e desestímulo tanto para estudar como para estabelecer boas relações com pacientes. Algumas respostas apontaram procedimentos desrespeitosos para com o paciente da parte de alunos e professores, deplorando estes eventos como um antiexemplo para a formação médica. O pouco tempo destinado ao retorno de pacientes já examinados foi criticado, por cerca de 50% dos estudantes, como negativo para o aprendizado de como seguir pacientes e se relacionar com eles de modo mais humanizado. Conclui-se que, embora 50% dos estudantes não apresentam problemas com o ambiente de relações no hospital, é necessário estar atento às críticas do corpo discente a fim de incrementar o conteúdo ético do aprendizado clínico.
Novas Tecnologias Aplicadas ao Ensino da Anatomia Humana
Authors: Fornaziero Célia Cristina , Gil Célia Regina Rodrigues
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Hoje em dia, as mudanças sociais nos levam a acreditar que o grande desafio de uma universidade é formar um profissional da saúde com um perfil criativo frente aos muitos problemas do cotidiano. Esse profissional deve conhecer a tecnologia em vigência, dominar dinâmica de grupo, ser uma pessoa sem preconceitos e também ser capaz de lidar com o pluralismo social. Este artigo pretende apontar as inovações tecnológicas que podem ser utilizadas para tornar o aprendizado de Anatomia Humana mais interessante e contribuir para a qualidade do ensino da Anatomia. Também é importante provocar uma reflexão e uma reavaliação da prática educacional, proporcionando alternativas para introduzir a realidade social de um profissional de saúde no processo ensino-aprendizagem.
Reflexões sobre o Ensino da Semiologia Médica
Authors: Santos João Barberino , Pires Liana Lauria , Silva Antônio Emanuel , Castro Cleudson Nery de
Published: May 2021

Resumo: A Semiologia Médica representa a ponte entre os ciclos básico e profissionalizante do curso médico. Neste artigo, o ensino da Semiologia é enfatizado como essencial ao raciocínio clínico que irá conduzir ao diagnóstico e ao estabelecimento da boa relação médico-paciente. São levantadas considerações acerca dos objetivos, logística, segmentos envolvidos, estruturação e desenvolvimento do curso, baseadas em experiência vivida na Universidade de Brasília.
Liderança e atuação profissional em unidades de informação
Authors: Bedin Sonali Paula Molin , Vianna William Barbosa
Published: May 2021

RESUMO Administrar unidades de informação tem exigido muitas habilidades e competências além das técnicas tradicionais da área de ciência da informação. As mudanças verificadas nos ambientes, impulsionadas pelos novos paradigmas digitais denotam que a formação dos profissionais da informação precisa passar por alterações, nas quais gestão e liderança não podem ser esquecidas. Esta pesquisa buscou publicações que abordam a temática da liderança em artigos da área. A delimitação temporal foi de 2000 a 2018, nas bases ISTA, Brapci, WOS e SciELO. Foram recuperados 103 artigos e selecionados 18 alinhados à temática que compuseram o estudo.Mostra que, apesar de poucos resultados obtidos, todos os autores apontam para as necessidades de mudança, para elementos de liderança semelhantes e impactantes para boa gestão e desempenho em unidade de informação.
O processo de comunicação organizacional interna: um estudo realizado em uma Associação Comercial e Empresarial do Paraná
Authors: Monteiro Caroline , Kuhl Marcos Roberto , Angnes Juliane Sachser
Published: May 2021

RESUMO Este artigo, apresenta resultado de pesquisa que objetivou compreender o processo de comunicação organizacional interna de uma Associação Comercial e Empresarial localizada no Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de natureza descritiva, de abordagem metodológica qualitativa com suporte quantitativo; primeiramente, realizou-se a análise quantitativa dos dados, de forma não-paramétrica por meio da Análise de Cluster. Já na análise qualitativa realizou-se a análise focada no conteúdo. O processo de comunicação interna, de acordo com a pesquisa quantitativa, acontece de maneira satisfatória na organização pesquisada, pois, fatores possuem médias elevadas e apenas alguns pontos específicos de possíveis problemas (variáveis com médias baixas). A pesquisa qualitativa aponta que este processo possui itens que deveriam ser aprimorados, tais como, o fator em que os respondentes afirmam não possuírem acesso a determinadas ferramentas de comunicação interna e/ou ao afirmarem estar descontentes com a não disponibilização destas ferramentas. Assim, torna-se extremamente necessário a disponibilização de todas as ferramentas de comunicação interna aos funcionários, visto que é por meio da comunicação interna que acontece o relacionamento contínuo, ou seja, se a comunicação interna for falha, poderá haver um conflito durante a realização da tarefa e que poderá refletir no cliente final.
Pediatric voice-related quality of life and acoustic analysis of voice: a study in schoolchildren
Authors: Reis Suelene Cibelle Silva dos , Nascimento Giselle Frutuoso , Lira Zulina Souza de , Gomes Adriana de Oliveira Camargo
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: to assess the self-reported voice-related quality of life of schoolchildren without voice complaints and correlate it to acoustic parameters of voice. Methods: the research population comprised 31 children, mean age 6.5 (±0.17) years. The children’s perception of their voice-related quality of life was verified with the Pediatric Voice-Related Quality of Life Survey, which has 10 closed-ended questions and three domains. The acoustic parameters assessed were fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, glottal-to-noise excitation ratio, and noise rate, besides the phonatory deviation diagram, based on the analysis of the emission of the sustained vowel /ɛ/ for 5 seconds. Results: all the children obtained scores close to 100% in the three domains of the Pediatric Voice-Related Quality of Life Survey. As for the acoustic parameters, most of them presented abnormal values in the phonatory deviation diagram and in shimmer. There was a difference between girls and boys only in fundamental frequency. Conclusion: the pediatric self-reported voice-related quality of life of the children studied had a positive impact, despite the acoustic changes found in the voices. There was no correlation between the pediatric voice-related quality of life and the acoustic parameters in voice in the group studied.
Maximum phonation time in the pulmonary function assessment
Authors: Moreno Edvania Gomes Henrique , Calassa Bianca Teixeira , Oliveira Daniela Vitoria Silva , Silva Maylanne Iris Nascimento , Albuquerque Laienne Carla Barbosa de Barros , Freitas-Dias Ricardo de , Silva Bruno Rafael Vieira Souza , Araújo Rodrigo Capatto de , Costa Eduarda Lubambo , Costa Emília Chagas , Correia Junior Marco Aurélio de Valois
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate the reliability of the maximum phonation time (MPT) and Vital Capacity intra and inter-examiner, by means of the single-breath counting test (CT) and the sustained /a/ phoneme, and the slow vital capacity (SVC). Methods: a reliability study carried out in three groups of healthy individuals, each group with 30 volunteers, allocated according to age. SVC was measured using a spirometer, while the MPT was assessed by the phoneme /a/ and CT. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Initially, descriptive statistics were used and for data reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were considered excellent, with significant results above 0.92 for SVC and greater than 0.79 for CT and phoneme /a/. Regarding the inter-examiner evaluation, the ICCs were also significant for both SVC with values greater than 0.96, and for CT and the phoneme /a/ with values greater than 0.85. The error inherent in the technique was assessed using the standard error of the measurement for intra and inter-examiner analyses with values ranging from 1.79 to 3.29 for phoneme /a/, 3.20 to 6.58 for CT and 65, 05 to 206.73 for SVCml. Conclusion: phonation techniques with the phoneme /a/ and CT, as well as SVC, have an excellent reliability, due to intra and inter-examiner agreement measures.
Adapting to (co)exist: experience of men with hemophilia in southern Brazil
Authors: Feijó Aline Machado , Schwartz Eda , Ferré-Grau Carme , Santos Bianca Pozza dos , Lise Fernanda
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To understand the experience of men in relation to the process of living with hemophilia. Method Qualitative study using the theoretical and methodological referential Symbolic Interactionism and the constructivist strand of Grounded Theory. Participated 12 men with hemophilia followed at a Blood Center in the south of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Intensive interviews, genograms and field notes were used for data collection, with concomitant analysis, following the initial, focused, and theoretical coding stages. Results The theoretical model was built, which has as central category Adapting to (co)exist with hemophilia and the categories Knowing yourself and the illness: knowing how to deal, Adjusting life: taking care of yourself and Getting used to the illness: being almost normal. Conclusion It was revealed the experience of men who adapt to (co)exist with hemophilia and their actions and behaviors, aiming to preserve them away from bleeding, pain, and the risk of death.
Attention to women in situation of intrauterine fetal death: experiences of health professionals
Authors: Serafim Taynnara Caroline , Camilo Beatriz Helena Naddaf , Carizani Mariana Rodrigues , Gervasio Mariana De Gea , Carlos Diene Monique , Salim Natália Rejane
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives Understand the experiences of health professionals in obstetric care in relation to the situation of intrauterine fetal death. Method Study of a qualitative approach, in which 11 health professionals participated. Data were collected through semi-open interviews and submitted to thematic content analysis. Results The professionals’ difficulty in dealing with the topic and its invisibility during the training proved to be challenging. The lack of ambience and the forms of organization of attention reflected in the care for women and families who are undergoing intrauterine fetal death. The lack of strategies and spaces for sharing among professionals was directly related to the suffering and feeling of helplessness in the cases. Final considerations There is a need to develop strategies for changes in the model and organization of the service in the face of situations of fetal death, promoting spaces that are welcoming producers.
Campañas educativas y de prevención
Authors: Restrepo Escobar Sandra Milena , Sepúlveda Cardona Edwin Andrés
Published: May 2021

El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en Colombia ha aumentado especialmente en universitarios. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: identificar cuáles son las drogas que están consumiendo los jóvenes y cuáles son los fundamentos de los programas de prevención. Metodológicamente se realizó una revisión narrativa de publicaciones científicas bajo criterios de estándares internacionales.
Los resultados muestran énfasis en el consumo de alcohol y tabaco. La marihuana, como sustancia ilegal, es la más consumida y es considerada como el canal de iniciación para el consumo de otras sustancias. En conclusión, se destacan como factores de riesgo: el ciclo vital y la facilidad de acceso; y como factores protectores: la satisfacción con la carrera y la visión positiva de futuro. Asimismo, las prácticas preventivas deben apuntar hacia tres esferas: reconocimiento de las consecuencias negativas que trae el abuso de drogas, comunicación clara, sistemática y eficiente, y fomento de la toma de decisiones acertadas de los jóvenes.
Perfilado psicosocial para la intervención socioeducativa en los servicios sociales
Authors: Martinez Virto Lucía
Published: May 2021

Este artículo sistematiza la experiencia de perfilado de personas usuarias de los servicios sociales de Pamplona, ciudad al norte de España. Tras un año de trabajo, el equipo multidisciplinar del programa ha logrado perfilar la población atendida e identificar los criterios de atención y la frecuencia del seguimiento. El resultado ha sido la clasificación de tres programas de atención: (1) programa de incorporación con atención básica, (2) programa de acompañamiento socioeducativo y (3) unidad de apoyo psicológico. En cada uno de estos programas se identifican hasta siete tipos distintos de perfiles psicosociales. A partir de esta estructura y criterios, se han definido tres grados de intensidad en la atención: alta, media y baja, que requieren metodologías de acompañamiento, seguimiento y frecuencia distintas. Esta experiencia aporta dos resultados con grandes potencialidades para el sector profesional y académico de ámbito psicosocial y socioeducativo. Por un lado, evalúa de manera multidisciplinar el modelo de intervención socioeducativa con las personas en exclusión social. Por otro, sistematiza y comparte un modelo consensuado para la intervención desde los servicios sociales. La literatura internacional y estatal en los campos de la inclusión social comparte retos y desafíos. Por ello, esta sistematización aporta criterios técnicos, bases teóricas, enfoques y metodología que seguro arrojan luz a dilemas profesionales presentes en otros territorios.
El compromiso como rasgo de personalidad y su relación con el burnout en docentes ecuatorianos
Authors: Espinel Guadalupe Johana Verónica , Ruperti Lucero Erika , Aguilar Pita Diana , Miranda Vera Washington
Published: May 2021

Los factores laborales pueden producir burnout en diferentes grados y a ciertos trabajadores; aunque todos estén expuestos al mismo contexto, no todos se afectan de igual manera, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio es determinar si el rasgo de personalidad-compromiso puede ser un elemento protector de burnout en el profesorado de nivel medio, considerando como hipótesis si sus niveles son independientes a los niveles de compromiso como rasgo de la personalidad. En este estudio participaron 134 docentes de la Unidad Educativa Velasco Ibarra de la ciudad de Milagro, Ecuador, con edades entre 26 y 64 años. Luego de los permisos correspondientes, se les administró el Inventario de Preferencias y Personalidad PAPI 3N de forma online, que contiene 12 necesidades y 14 roles descritos en 161 enunciados sobre el trabajador y su tarea, los cuales se ven enfocados en siete escalas, entre las que se encuentra el compromiso-escala que será utilizada para este estudio y que está conformada por la Necesidad de apoyar y el Rol de enfocarse al trabajo, y que forma parte del gran factor Responsabilidad. Para la variable burnout se utiliza el Cuestionario de Maslach para docentes (MBI-Ed), administrado de manera presencial, que consta de 22 ítems diseñados en escala de Likert y tres escalas: agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal. Se comprobó que los niveles de burnout dependen de los niveles del rasgo de personalidad compromiso (χ2(4) = 11.919; p = .18) y los resultados podrían mostrar que se convierte en un elemento protector del burnout.
influência do ambiente geográfico no desempenho dos bancos islâmicos
Authors: El Khatib Ahmed Sameer
Published: May 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é examinar a influência do ambiente geográfico no desempenho de bancos islâmicos presentes em quatro regiões: África, Ásia, Europa e América do Norte. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram utilizados dados diários de 113 bancos islâmicos entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. Foram aplicadas diferentes abordagens metodológicas, como análise de componentes principais e regressão quantílica com efeitos fixos para dados em painel. Como resultados, descobrimos que a análise dos componentes principais mostra que o desempenho dos bancos islâmicos varia entre as regiões. A regressão do painel linear destaca que o ambiente geográfico afeta positiva e significativamente o sistema bancário islâmico, sugerindo a importância dos efeitos dessa externalidade. Finalmente, o efeito ambiental parece variar com os quantis, trazendo efeito positivo para o quantil mais baixo  e efeito negativo para o quantil mais alto. Essa especificação quantílica aponta para a não linearidade na relação ambiente-desempenho do banco islâmico, refletindo uma disciplina variável no tempo imposta pelo conselho da Shariah ou de Lei Islâmica. Essa descoberta ajuda a explicar melhor a principal diferença entre os bancos islâmicos no oriente e os do ocidente e, também, permite que os investidores ajustem suas opções de portfólio ao considerar os produtos dos bancos islâmicos de acordo com as especificidades regionais.
Pain and Pain Management in Veterinary Medicine: A Review
Authors:   School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P. O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia, Alamrew Endeg , Fesseha Haben ,   School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P. O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
Published: May 2021

Pain is the distress feeling, most commonly encountered in diseases, which accompanies from an early age and it is one of the important aspects of determining the level of well-being of animals. Pain is more complex in animals and it can rather difficult to determine the seriousness and impact of painful events. Hence, we have to identify the signs of pain in animals consistent with indirect markers which involve behavioral, physiological, and at last clinical responses. Moreover, specifically, the behavioral changes related to pain will be together with the overall signs also species-specific and hardly recognizable especially for an inexperienced observer seemingly unimportant which makes pain assessment even more complicated. The veterinarians have an ethical responsibility to assist in alleviate the animal pain. Although most veterinarians accept the actual fact that animals feel pain, still, post-operative pain relief isn't a routine practice in veterinary hospitals and clinics today the feeling and assessment of pain are subjective. The assessment of pain and also the documentation of the effectiveness of any interventions are fundamental principles of successful pain management. The most important aim is pain management while efforts are made to spot and treat the underlying disease and to reinforce healing and recovery. Adequate management of acute pain may additionally prevent the event of chronic pain.
Perspectives on the Disclosure of the Location of Goods in terms of Section 97 of the National Credit Act 34 of 2005
Authors: Stéfan Renke  , Corlia van Heerden
Published: May 2021

This article considers the provisions of section 97 of the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 (NCA), which are vitally important to credit providers and consumers alike and which entrench the obligation of a credit consumer who is subject to the Act to disclose to the credit provider the location of the goods financed under a credit agreement. Against a backdrop of similar provisions in the NCA’s predecessors (the Hire-Purchase Act 36 of 1942 and the Credit Agreements Act 75 of 1980), the article seeks to evaluate what changes, if any, the NCA has brought in this context and to make appropriate recommendations relating to the scope and application of section 97 of the NCA. The discussion of the disclosure measures in the NCA and its predecessors is preceded by a brief overview of the Acts’ fields of application insofar as the latter are relevant to the disclosure provisions. We conclude that the legislature needs to intervene and amend section 97 of the NCA (and regulation 34, which must be read with section 97), failing which these provisions will be a very limited tool in the hands of the credit provider to keep track of the goods that serve as security and their effectiveness will be greatly diminished.
The value of routine measurement of serum calcitonin on insufficient, indeterminate, and suspicious thyroid nodule cytology
Authors: Çalapkulu Murat , Sencar Muhammed Erkam , Hepsen Sema , Bostan Hayri , Sakiz Davut , Ozturk Unsal Ilknur , Duger Hakan , Kizilgul Muhammed , Ucan Bekir , Taskin Turkmenoglu Tugba , Ozbek Mustafa , Cakal Erman
Published: May 2021

Routine calcitonin measurement in patients with nodular thyroid disease is rather controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of serum calcitonin measurement in the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules with insufficient, indeterminate, or suspicious cytology. Out of 1668 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with the diagnosis of nodular thyroid disease and were screened, 873 patients with insufficient, indeterminate, or suspicious fine needle aspiration biopsy results were included in the study. From the total number of patients in this study, 10 (1.1%) were diagnosed as medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) using histopathology. The calcitonin level was detected to be above the assay-specific cut-off in 23 (2.6%) patients ranging between 6.5 - 4450 pg/mL. While hypercalcitoninemia was detected in all 10 MTC patients, a false positive elevation of serum calcitonin was detected in 13 patients (1.5%). Of the MTC group, 7 patients had cytology results that were suspicious for malignancy (Bethesda V), one patient’s cytology showed atypia of undetermined significance (Bethesda III) and two patient’s cytology results were suspicious for follicular neoplasm (Bethesda IV). Among the cases with non-diagnostic cytology (Bethesda I), none of the patients were diagnosed with MTC. In conclusion, routine serum calcitonin measurement can be performed in selected cases rather than in all nodular thyroid patients. While it is reasonable to perform routine calcitonin measurement in patients with Bethesda IV and Bethesda V, this measurement was not useful in Bethesda I patients. In Bethesda III patients, patient-based decisions can be made according to their calcitonin measurement.

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Индикаторы инновационной деятельности: 2016
Authors: Городникова Наталья , Гохберг Леонид , Дитковский Кирилл , Кузнецова Ирина , Лукинова Евгения , Мартынова Светлана , Ратай Татьяна , Росовецкая Лариса , Фридлянова Светлана , Бычкова Людмила , Нефедова Татьяна
Published: May 2021

В настоящем сборнике отражены результаты статистических обследований инновационной деятельности в экономике страны. В динамике представлены сводные показатели, характеризующие уровень развития технологических и нетехнологических инноваций, разработанные в соответствии с современными международными стандартами ОЭСР и Евростата. В публикации приводятся статистические данные, отражающие инновационную активность организаций промышленного производства и ряда отраслей сферы услуг. Подробно рассмотрены ресурсное обеспечение и результативность инновационной деятельности, кооперационные связи, экономические, производственные и иные факторы, препятствующие нововведениям. В отдельном разделе приведены данные об экологических инновациях. Специальные разделы сборника посвящены характеристикам инновационной деятельности в регионах Российской Федерации и международным сопоставлениям, охватывающим широкий круг индикаторов. При подготовке сборника использованы материалы Федеральной службы государственной статистики, Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития, Европейской комиссии, Евростата, национальных статистических служб зарубежных государств, а также собственные методологические и аналитические разработки Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики».
Индикаторы науки: 2017
Authors: Войнилов Юрий , Городникова Наталья , Гохберг Леонид , Дитковский Кирилл , Коцемир Максим , Кузнецова Ирина , Лукинова Евгения , Мартынова Светлана , Ратай Татьяна , Росовецкая Лариса , Сагиева Галина , Стрельцова Екатерина , Суслов Антон , Фридлянова Светлана , Фурсов Константин , Варзановцева Ирина , Тарасенко Ирина
Published: May 2021

Предлагаемый статистический сборник продолжает серию публикаций, посвященных различным аспектам развития науки в Российской Федерации. Открывают сборник таблицы, в которых наряду с основными показателями науки и технологий представлены сведения об основных показателях инновационнойдеятельности. Приводятся статистические данные о составе организаций, выполняющих исследования и разработки, кадрах и финансировании науки, ее материально-технической базе. В отдельных разделах содержатся сведения об интеллектуальной собственности, коммерциализации и использовании технологий, данные международных сопоставлений. В сборнике использованы сведения Федеральной службы государственной статистики, Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации, Федеральной службы по интеллектуальной собственности, Межгосударственного статистического комитета СНГ, Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития,Европейской комиссии, Евростата, ЮНЕСКО, Всемирной организации интеллектуальной собственности, а также методологические и аналитические разработки Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики». В ряде случаев данные по отдельным показателям уточняют ранее опубликованные.
Fotovoltaik (PV) entegrasyonlu rezonans dönüştürücü için çeşitli düzensiz darbe yoğunluk modülasyonu (PDM) kontrol dağılımı uzunluklarının karşılaştırılması
Authors: KARAFİL Akif
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada, tasarlanan 8, 16 ve 32’li düzensiz darbe yoğunluk modülasyon (PDM) dağılım kontrollü seri rezonans dönüştürücü ile fotovoltaik (PV) panellerinden elde edilen maksimum güç yüke aktarılmıştır. Çalışmada PDM dağılım uzunluklarının değişimine bağlı olarak sistemde meydana gelen değişiklikler analiz edilmiştir. Değişen PDM dağılım uzunlukları ile farklı güneş ışınım koşullarında rezonans frekansında maksimum güç noktası takibi (MPPT) yapılarak çıkış gücünün kontrol edilmesi sağlanmıştır. PV sistemin her güç noktasında faz kilitleme döngü (PLL) tekniği kullanılarak sıfır akım anahtarlama (ZCS) koşulları sağlanmıştır. Böylece rezonans frekansında uygun anahtarlama koşulları sürekli takip edilerek yumuşak anahtarlama gerçekleştirilmiştir. PV panellerdeki maksimum gücün takip edilebilmesi için artan iletkenlik (IC) algoritması kullanılmış ve yeni bir yöntem olan PDM kontrollü IC MPPT algoritması ile %99’un üzerinde takip verimliliği elde edilmiştir.
Esnek üstyapılarda tekerlek temas gerilmesi ve deplasman dağılımlarının üç boyutlu sınır eleman metodu ile belirlenmesi
Authors: DENEME İbrahim Özgür
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada, esnek üstyapıların davranışının sayısal olarak belirlenmesi için Sınır Eleman Metodu (SEM) kullanılmıştır. Zeminin malzeme davranışının doğrusal elastik olduğu varsayılan çalışmada SEM, Fourier dönüşüm uzayında ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada, elastik yarım uzaydaki iç noktalarda oluşan gerilme ve deplasman dağılımlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmada, üç boyutlu elastik problemler için bir bilgisayar programı geliştirilmiştir. Sınır eleman formülasyonu kullanılarak belirlenen esnek üstyapılarda oluşan gerilme ve deplasman dağılımlarının sonuçları, literatürde verilen Boussinesq denklemlerinin kullanılmasıyla elde edilen değerler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. SEM ve Boussinesq formülünden elde edilen sonuçların birbiriyle mükemmel bir uyum içinde olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Binalarda kullanılan yapısal olmayan kompozit panellerin fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: PEKMEZCİ Bekir , ARABACI Egemen
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada, binalarda kullanılan yapısal olmayan kompozit panellerin fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri deneysel olarak belirlenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilerek, fiziksel ve mekanik özellikler bakımından söz konusu panellerin performansları ortaya koyulmuştur. Fiziksel performansı değerlendirilirken, su emme, rutubet altında genleşme gibi özellikleri dikkate alınmıştır. Mekanik özellikler açısından ise, dört noktalı eğilme dayanımları, kırılma enerjileri, çekme dayanımları ve elastisite modülü değerleri elde edilmiştir. Su emme ve genleşme deneyi sonuçları birlikte değerlendirilerek, bu büyüklüklerin ilişkileri ortaya koyulmuştur. Eğilme dayanımı ve kırılma enerjisi bakımından optimum performansa sahip olan paneller belirlenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre; en yüksek dayanımı, selüloz lifli çimento matrisli karışımlar verirken, en yüksek kırılma enerjisini ise çimento esaslı tekstil donatılı kompozit panel göstermektedir. Kesikli lif içeren cam elyaf takviyeli çimentolu panellerin ise, eğilme dayanımı-kırılma enerjisi ve genleşme değerleri bakımından optimum çözüm olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
ASYMMETRICAL HEARING LOSS AND MEGA
CISTERNA MAGNA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Alanazi Ahmad
Published: May 2021

Background

There is an unknown relationship between hearing loss, vestibular disorders, and mega cisterna magna. The purpose of this case
report is to describe, for the first time, hearing and vestibular examinations and rehabilitation for an older adult with mega cisterna magna.

Case Report

This study presents the case of a 54-year-old male who complained of being hard of hearing (bilaterally), tinnitus, and dizzy
spells. He had a history of working in noisy environments but no familial history of hearing loss. Several audiological and vestibular tests and
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were administered. The subject was counseled about hearing aids and fitted with a ‘bilateral contralateral routing of signal’ (BiCROS) amplification system to overcome his hearing difficulties.

Conclusions

Mega cisterna magna can be either silent and cause no symptoms, or produce symptoms such as hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness. Aging and noise exposure are major causes of hearing loss and tinnitus. Further research is needed to determine the audiological and
vestibular symptoms of a larger sample of patients with mega cisterna magna.
COMPARISON OF INVASIVE VERSUS
NON-INVASIVE ELECTRICAL EAR
STIMULATION IN TINNITUS SUPPRESSION:
LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Spencer Shikha , Sereda Magdalena , Schoisswohl Stefan , Olszewski Jurek , Mielczarek Marzena
Published: May 2021

Background

This paper is a review of the literature on electrical stimulation of the ear to treat tinnitus. This method of treatment
has been used since the 1970s and different techniques have been explored. The primary aim of this work was to review the literature on electrical stimulation of the ear to suppress tinnitus, with a specific focus on the methods and stimulation parameters used so far
and the efficacy of the different methods. A secondary aim was to formulate recommendations on electrical ear stimulation parameters that suppress tinnitus.

Material and Methods

Four databases were searched: PubMed, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Database searches were
conducted during November 2018 using the search terms: tinnitus and electrical stimulation. Inclusion criteria: All research articles on invasive and non-invasive electrical stimulation of the ear for suppressing tinnitus were included. Other inclusion criteria were records in English
and involving adult human participants. Exclusion criteria: Studies on intracochlear stimulation using cochlear implants and studies where
stimulation extended beyond the ear (e.g. transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, TENS) were excluded.

Results

Twenty publications met the inclusion criteria and were analysed in this review. A comparison was made between invasive and
non-invasive electrical ear stimulation in terms of efficacy, type of current used, laterality of stimulation, intensity and frequency of the
current, duration of tinnitus suppression, and adverse effects. Due to the non-standardised methodology of the studies, there was only a low
level of evidence available in terms of the advantages of a particular technique or stimulation parameter. The difficulties in comparing the
effectiveness of the studies were related to many factors, and these are discussed. One factor is the variability in outcome measures, including
different definitions of treatment success and limited use of standardised or validated outcome measures.

Conclusions

Based on the reviewed literature, it is concluded there is no clear advantage of one stimulation condition over the other in terms of method, stimulation parameter, or effectiveness. This leads us to conclusion that the present body of evidence is insufficient to formulate definite recommendations for electrical ear stimulation.
SPEECH AUDIOMETRY: NONSENSE MONOSYLLABIC LISTS IN
MODERN GREEK
Authors: Trimmis Nikolaos , Vrettakos Georgios , Gouma Panagiota , Papadas Theodoros
Published: May 2021

Background

The purpose of the present study was to develop a nonsense suprathreshold speech audiometry test for native
speakers of Modern Greek. The specific aims were to construct phonemically balanced lists of nonsense monosyllables and to
perform a preliminary investigation of list equivalence.

Material and Methods

Nonsense monosyllables with possible CV, VC, and CVC phonemic combinations in Greek were chosen as stimuli. To examine list equivalency, the final recorded lists were administered monaurally in 5 dB increments to 40
adults (20 males and 20 females) whose hearing was within normal limits.

Results

A nonsense monosyllabic speech audiometry test for speakers of Modern Greek has been developed. The test material consists of two lists, each of which contains 50 open-set monosyllabic combinations. The lists satisfied the criteria of equal
phonemic balance, composition of Modern Greek speech, phonemic differentiation, and equal average difficulty. Statistical
analysis of the results revealed no statistical significant differences among the lists at the 0.05 level.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the test is a useful tool for clinical purposes.
THE REMARKABLE FROG EAR:
IMPLICATIONS FOR VERTEBRATE HEARING
Authors: Bell Andrew
Published: May 2021

Frogs, and related amphibians, are adapted to live in both air and water, and so good hearing in both mediums is required.
The structure of the frog ear can therefore provide a useful perspective on how sound is sensed and the physical principles involved in hearing. This broad survey of the literature highlights two noteworthy aspects of the frog ear and brings them together into a single framework. First, the frog ear contains an arrangement of sensing cells which is difficult to understand:
although they are meant to detect sound, the cells are hidden away in recesses and further shielded from incoming sound by
a number of ‘short-circuits’ in the vibratory pathway. Second, there is the operculum, a moveable plate that fits into the oval
window adjacent to the stapes and whose function remains controversial. Both these challenging features can be understood
by noting that all sounds carry both pressure and displacement components, and that form and function can be matched by
focusing on the pressure component, which to date has been largely overlooked. This paper proposes that the hair cells at the
core of the system respond more sensitively to pressure than to displacement. Building on this property, the piston-like operculum, operated by the opercularis muscle, is put forward as a mechanism for adjusting the static hydraulic pressure within
the otic capsule, in this way controlling the global sensitivity, or gain, of the sensing cells within. Both these hypotheses have
wider implications for understanding hearing in vertebrates.
DEVELOPMENT AND STANDARDIZATION OF
AUDITORY LOW-FREQUENCY WORD LISTS IN HINDI
Authors: Barman Animesh , Prabhu Prashanth , Narne Vijaya , Thammaiah Spoorthi , Singh Niraj , Gupta Mahima
Published: May 2021

Background

Conventionally, it is believed that high-frequency auditory information is important for speech understanding.
This is only partly true, as recent studies have demonstrated the importance of low-frequency information. This research was
taken up to develop, standardize, and validate auditory low-frequency word lists in Hindi, an Indian language.

Material and Methods

The first phase of the study involved collection of bisyllabic words followed by verification by a native
linguist. Words were then short-listed based on familiarity ratings given by 10 adult native speakers; those words were recorded and the best recorded words selected through subjective and objective analysis. Then, using Fast Fourier Transform and
k-means clustering, words with more energy below 1.5 kHz were isolated. Finally, equally difficult 10 word lists were generated by obtaining psychometric function curves. Finally, lists were administered on 40 adult normal hearing particip

Results

Results showed a similar trend of increase in speech identification scores with increase in SL across all lists except
list 4. During the final phase, developed lists were validated on 10 simulated low-frequency cochlear hearing loss participants.
Hearing loss was simulated using Matlab and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) software. Results of validation revealed that auditory low-frequency word lists were sensitive enough to tap the speech understanding difficulty in the simulated condition.

Conclusions

The developed word lists can be used clinically to assess communication ability in individuals with rising hearing loss. The word lists also have the potential to assess the performance after amplification provided to individuals with rising hearing loss.
MUSICAL TRAINING INFLUENCES AUDITORY TEMPORAL
PROCESSING
Authors: Elangovan Saravanan , Payne Nicole , Smurzynski Jacek , Fagelson Marc
Published: May 2021

Background

A link between musical expertise and auditory temporal processing abilities was examined.

Material and Methods

Trained musicians (n=13) and non-musicians (n=12) were tested on speech tasks (phonetic identification, speech recognition in noise) and non-speech tasks (temporal gap detection).

Results

Results indicated musicians had shorter between-channel gap detection thresholds and sharper phonetic identification functions, suggesting that perceptual reorganization following musical training assists basic temporal auditory processes.

Conclusions

In general, our results provide a conceptual advance in understanding how musical training influences speech
processing, an ability which, when impaired, can affect speech and reading competency.
CLUSTERS IN A CHAIN OF COUPLED
OSCILLATORS BEHAVE LIKE A SINGLE
OSCILLATOR: RELEVANCE TO SPONTANEOUS
OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS FROM HUMAN EARS
Authors: Wit Hero , Bell Andrew
Published: May 2021

Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) provide startling evidence that there is an active process at the core of the mammalian cochlea,
but the mechanism involved is unclear. Models involving single, active Van der Pol oscillators have found favor, but here we extend the system to a chain of coupled, active nonlinear oscillators. It is found that the inherent clustering of oscillators in the chain produces an effect in
which each cluster, or frequency plateau, behaves just like a single oscillator, most clearly in terms of phase lock to external tones and phase
slip in the presence of noise.
HIGH-FREQUENCY DISTORTION PRODUCT OTOACOUSTIC
EMISSIONS MEASURED BY TWO SYSTEMS:
AN EXAMPLE OF A SUBJECT WITH NORMAL HEARING
Authors: Pilka Edyta , Jedrzejczak W. , Olszewski Lukasz , Skarzynski Henryk
Published: May 2021

Background

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are most commonly measured up to 6 kHz. However, there
are now systems available that can measure DPOAEs up to 16 kHz. The purpose of this study was to compare two such systems.

Case report

One subject with hearing thresholds below 20 dB HL at frequencies from 0.125 to 16 kHz was used to compare
DPOAEs measured by the two systems. The HearID+DP (Mimosa Acoustics) and SmartDPOAE (Intelligent Hearing Systems)
were used. DPOAEs were measured at frequencies from 0.5 to 16 kHz. Short-time repeatability was assessed by comparing
DPOAE amplitudes between two measurements, with the second measurement made after refitting the probe. DPOAEs were
above the noise for all tested frequencies. Comparison of results from the two systems showed that the differences between
consecutive measurements and between the two systems was lowest in the 1–8 kHz range and highest in the 9–16 kHz range.
However, even in the 1–8 kHz range, differences between response levels averaged 4 dB.

Conclusions

Both systems provided DPOAE levels that were consistent with normal hearing thresholds. However, the differences between the two systems were quite high and may be too large to detect small changes in cochlear status if different
equipment is used.
ASSESSMENT OF CENTRAL AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS TREATED WITH METHYLPHENIDATE DUE TO ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Sierra-Ramírez José Alfredo , Pérez-Rodríguez Miguel Angel , Coronado-Zarco Roberto , Jiménez-Pérez Jaime Abraham
Published: May 2021

Background

Improvement in central auditory processing (CAP) test results has been reported in children with attention deficit disorder (ADD) who have been treated with methylphenidate (MPH).

Objective

To determine the effect of MPH on CAP tests in school-aged children and adolescents with ADD, with or without hyperactivity.

Methods

A systematic review was carried out following the Prisma methodology in The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, and Lilacs data bases. Randomized (RCT) and non-randomized (NRCT) clinical trials were included, involving male and female patients between 6 and 18 years old, with normal audition and intelligence and diagnosed with ADD; they were given MPH treatment and the results of CAP tests were compared to placebo or non-MPH treatment.

Results

Five studies (two RCTs and three NRCTs) reported on 187 participants of both sexes, between 6 and 15 years old, of which 135 individuals met the diagnostic criteria for ADD and 44 presented ADD with central auditory processing (CAP) disorder, with 52 individuals used as controls. MPH treatment produced an increase in the performance of the speech-in-noise test (0.38 SMD [95% CI 0.11 to 0.66] [Z = 2.7, p = 0.007]), staggered spondaic words test (0.35 SMD [95% CI 0 to 0.69] [Z = 1.95, p = 0.05]) and filtered word test, frequency pattern test, and phonemic synthesis test (0.35 SMD [95% CI 0.01 to 0.68] [Z = 2.03, p = 0.04]. Also, continuous performance tests showed a decrease in the number of errors and inattentions (–0.77 SMD [95% CI –1.17 to –0.37] [Z = 3.79, p = 0.0002]) concerning the control group. The evidence was consistent, accurate, and with low heterogeneity.

Conclusions

MPH has a significant and favorable effect on the CAP tests of children and adolescents with ADD.
A RARE CASE OF CONGENITAL SUPRASTERNAL DERMOID CYST
Authors: Balabekyan Arnak , Kowalski Andrzej , Sygut Dominik , Olszewski Jurek
Published: May 2021

Background

Dermoid cysts are benign congenital lesions occurring in about 80% in the ovaries and testicles and only in about 1.6-7% are they found in the head and neck region, mainly in the midline of the body.

Case report

A rare case of congenital dermoid cyst in the central compartment of the neck is presented. It was diagnosed when the patient was 10 years old; later at age 22 the patient was re-diagnosed and qualified for surgical treatment. The paper outlines the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed. It demonstrates the value of appropriate tests and exclusion of other possible diseases.

Conclusions

Dermoid cysts are a rare disorder affecting mainly the ovaries and testicles which require detailed diagnostics as a part of differential diagnosis. In most cases, they do not cause severe symptoms and often require only simple surgical treatment.
The diagnostics of tinnitus in children
Authors: Raj-Koziak Danuta , Skarżyński Henryk , Skarżyński Piotr , Bieńkowska Katarzyna , Gos Elżbieta
Published: May 2021

Szumy uszne u dzieci wykazują pewne podobieństwo do szumów usznych występujących u osób dorosłych. Różnice w odczuwaniu
szumów usznych polegają na tym, że dzieci rzadko samoistnie zgłaszają szumy uszne, natomiast zapytane potrafią opowiedzieć o swojej dolegliwości. Dziecięce szumy uszne zawsze wymagają diagnostyki w celu wykluczenia zmian organicznych oraz również dlatego,
że mogą wpływać negatywnie na jakość życia młodego pacjenta, powodując problemy ze snem, koncentracją i być przyczyną gorszych
wyników w nauce. W pracy przedstawiono przyjazny dziecku i jego rodzicom schemat postępowania diagnostycznego i terapeutycznego w przypadku dziecięcych szumów usznych.
Laryngeal electromyography in laryngologic and phoniatric
practice
Authors: Szkiełkowska Agata , Krasnodębska Paulina , Miaśkiewicz Beata
Published: May 2021

Współcześnie badanie elektromiograficzne jest złotym standardem diagnostycznym i prognostycznym w ocenie systemu nerwowo-mięśniowego. Wykorzystywane jest przede wszystkim w neurologii, do rozpoznawania chorób mięśni i nerwów obwodowych. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przegląd literatury światowej na temat współczesnego zastosowania badania elektromiograficznego w otolaryngologii i foniatrii.