bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid determination of rivaroxaban in human urine and serum using colloidal palladium surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Cheng Yu‐Han , Chen Wen‐Chi , Chang Sarah Y.
Published: October 2015

Rationale

Rivaroxaban is a new anticoagulant drug that has recently been introduced for clinical applications. To ensure optimum efficacy while minimizing the risk of toxicity and other adverse effects, a simple and sensitive analytical procedure for monitoring the concentration of rivaroxaban in biological fluids is required.

Methods

Rivaroxaban was extracted from aqueous solutions by dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction (DLLME). Detection of rivaroxaban was achieved through surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI‐MS) using colloidal palladium as the SALDI matrix.

Results

The calibration curve for rivaroxaban in aqueous solutions was linear over the concentration range from 5 to 500 nM. The limit of detection (LOD) for rivaroxaban at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 was 2 nM. With a sample‐to‐extract volume ratio of 200, the enrichment factors were calculated to be 141. This method was successfully applied for the determination of rivaroxaban in human urine and serum samples. The LODs for rivaroxaban in urine and serum were calculated to be 6 nM and 60 nM, respectively.

Conclusions

The analysis speed, together with the ease of operation and high sensitivity, allows SALDI‐MS method to be particularly suitable for the high‐throughput screening of rivaroxaban levels in human urine and serum samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical lipid extraction or mathematical isotope correction models: should mathematical models be widely applied to marine species?
Authors: de Lecea Ander M. , de Charmoy Lisa
Published: October 2015

Rationale

Chemical lipid extractions, as means of standardizing sample preparations, have been identified as important for comparability of studies. Unfortunately, these methods are expensive, because of the costly chemicals and the need to analyse two sets of samples, one for δ13C values (treated) and another for δ15N values (untreated). To avoid this, studies have suggested mathematical solutions to the problem. Our study intends to (i) determine the applicability of the five most common mathematical correction models and (ii) which of the widely applied chemical extraction methods is the most suitable for a variety of marine organisms.

Methods

Muscle, heart and liver samples were collected from eight different species. The tissues were treated with Bligh and Dyer, Folch and Soxhlet extraction methods and analysed in a Europa 20‐20 mass spectrometer. Predicted lipid‐extracted δ13C values were calculated from untreated tissue values using the five most common mathematical models.

Results

The results indicated that the mathematical methods could not be accurately applied to any of the eight species used in this study, highlighting current issues with accepted isotope methodologies. The Folch chemical extraction removed the highest amount of lipid, suggesting it is the most suitable delipidation method.

Conclusions

Analysing two samples, one treated one not, remains the best method to obtain accurate δ13C isotope values of muscle tissue. By using this approach every study will obtain two datasets, eventually providing a suitable collective dataset for determining how isotopic signatures are affected by delipidation and potentially producing better mathematical correction models in future. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authentication scheme to combat a primary user emulation attack against cognitive radio users
Authors: Avila Jayapalan , Thenmozhi Karrupasamy
Published: October 2015

Cognitive radios are a good fit for overcoming inefficient usage of the available radio spectrum, allowing secondary users to utilize the spectrum when the primary licensed users are not consuming it. This requires secondary users to continuously observe their spectrum utilization to prevent interfering with the primary user's transmissions. However, an adversary can exploit this to gain unfair use of the spectrum. Such an attack is known a primary user emulation attack. To avoid these attacks, a method of authenticating the primary user's signal is required. This work addresses embedding such an authentication message with the binary phase shift keying and eight‐phase shift keying modulation techniques, parity bits of the error control codes, and pre‐coder bit of the modified duo‐binary scheme, and analyses of the error performance have been carried out with the aid of their performance graphs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Faculty's Role in Retention: A Case Study of Change Management at Ramapo College
Authors: Romano Christopher , Connell Joseph F.
Published: October 2015

We, as educators, expect students to connect the dots and experience our institutions through a variety of lenses; we must organize ourselves in a way that places synergy, collaboration, and data‐driven decisions at the center of our operations. Over the past three years, Ramapo College has worked diligently to ensure that strategy drives the structure of a student's experience by placing student success at its core. This work has been successful only because of the collaboration and connections that exist between the divisions of Enrollment Management, Academic Affairs, and the faculty. In those three years, the college has implemented a mandatory advisement system involving faculty and staff, expanded student‐academic affairs partnerships in a first‐year seminar course, instituted a new early alert program with 77% faculty participation and ultimately maintained and grown slightly its enrollment outcomes while increasing the diversity of its incoming class. This article will describe the partnerships and processes that facilitated these changes and offer suggestions to inform other institutions moving toward a more institutional approach to student success.
Examining statistical disclosure issues involving digital images of ROC curves
Authors: Matthews Gregory J. , Harel Ofer
Published: October 2015

It has been established that knowing the true values of the empirical receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (i.e. false‐positive and true‐positive rate pairs for all thresholds) along with a subset of the full data set consisting ofn− 1 observations can cause unwanted disclosures. Here, we explore a similar problem with two main extensions. First, rather than knowledge of the true values of the empirical ROC curve, we start only with an image of the empirical ROC curve. Second, rather than considering only subsets ofn− 1, we look at several differently sized subsets. Given this information (i.e. empirical ROC image and a subset of the full data set), we experimentally act as a data snooper and explore what can be learned about unobserved portions of the full data set. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Vakuumschulen‐Zertifikat
Authors: Müller Dieter , Beeck Udo
Published: October 2015

Certification of Vacuum Trainings

This article describes the certification process for quality assurance of vacuum trainings by the German Vacuum Society (DVG). This quality certification was established in 2014. The first certification has been completed, another is ongoing. The certification ensures all participants a certain level of teaching and learning content in both theoretical and practical parts of the trainings.

The applicants are assessed by a team of auditors named by the DVG. The procedure also includes discussion about possible improvements. The spectrum of training courses that can be certified covers general vacuum trainings and special training like leak detection, coating technologies, or mass spectrometry.

For further information please contact Dr. Michael Wahl, Tel. +49 631 205‐73‐3333, E‐Mail wahl@ifo.uni‐kl.de
The impact of stochastic resource availability on cognitive network performance: modeling and analysis
Authors: Adem Nadia , Hamdaoui Bechir
Published: October 2015

Cognitive radio networks emerge as a promising solution for overcoming shortage and inefficient use of bandwidth resources by allowing secondary users (SUs) to access the primary users' (PUs) channel so long as they do not interfere with them. The dynamical spectrum availability makes SU's packet average delay one of the most important performance measures of a cognitive network. It is important to understand the nature of delay, as well as its dependence on PU behaviors. In this paper, we analytically model and analyze the dynamics of the spectrum availability and their impact on the SU's packet delay. The cognitive network is modeled as a discrete‐time queueing system. PU channel occupancy is modeled as a two‐state Markov chain. Our contribution in this paper is defining and characterizing the properties of the random process that describes the availability of the opportunistic resources. In addition, we apply the mean residual service time concept to achieve an analytical solution for the queueing delay. Moreover, inspired by the slotted Aloha system, we model the packet service mechanism and determine the manner in which it depends on the resource availability. The delay becomes unbounded if the spectrum availability dynamics are not carefully considered in network design. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oncologic and reproductive outcomes after fertility‐sparing management with oral progestin for women with complex endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer
Authors: Chen Ming , Jin Ying , Li Yan , Bi Yalan , Shan Ying , Pan Lingya
Published: October 2015

Objective

To investigate the oncologic and reproductive outcomes after progestin treatment of complex endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and grade 1 endometrial carcinoma (EC).

Methods

In a retrospective study, data were obtained for patients aged 20–42 years with CEH or grade 1 EC at presumed stage IA (without myometrial invasion) who wished to preserve fertility and were treated at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China, between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2011. Patients had received oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (250–500 mg/day) or megestrol acetate (160–480 mg/day) for at least 6 months. Response to progestin treatment was assessed histologically.

Results

Among 53 included patients, 39 (74%) achieved complete response after a median period of 6 (3–24) months. Complete response was less frequent among obese than nonobese patients (4/12 [33%] vs 35/41 [85%]; P = 0.001). Disease recurrence was recorded in 10 (26%) patients with complete response; the 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rate was 71%. Among the 33 patients who retained a desire to conceive, 17 (52%) became pregnant.

Conclusion

Fertility‐sparing management with oral progestin is effective. Obesity is associated with a lower probability of long‐term success.
Why We Study Generations
Authors: Nakai Yoshie
Published: October 2015

The focal article by Costanza and Finkelstein (2015) shed a light on the current status of generational research at work that often treats generation as an age grouping variable. Although the authors primarily focused on the applicability of research findings to the current workforce, I believe the benefits of studying and understanding generations should not be limited to this purpose. The goal of this commentary is twofold. First, I would like to revisit the concept of generation and the purposes of studying generations at work. Second, given the problems with generational research presented by Costanza and Finkelstein, I would like to propose potential actions that we can take.
A Note on the Folly of Cross-Sectional Operationalizations of Generations
Authors: Rudolph Cort W.
Published: October 2015

Costanza and Finkelstein (2015) have justly argued that cross-sectional operationalizations of generational groups represent a confound that constrains the ability to unequivocally separate the effects of age and period. A related statistical argument against this practice bears consideration as well. Namely, cross-sectional operationalizations of generations have the potential to unduly inflate type two-error rates when compared with the analysis of simple age effects. This is a problem because true age effects can be erroneously ignored in studies where age is artificially split into assumed generational groups. Indeed, the argument against artificially bifurcating continuous data is not new (e.g., Cohen, 1983), however past attempts to make inferences about generational effects in cross-sectional designs present an opportunity to investigate the particularly insidious nature of this practice and its implications. To demonstrate the problem at hand, let us consider a brief empirical example by virtue of a simulation study.
Generations at Work: Don't Throw the Baby Out With the Bathwater
Authors: Beier Margaret E. , Kanfer Ruth
Published: October 2015

Costanza and Finkelstein (2015) are correct to highlight the dangers of using generationally based stereotypes in organizations. Although popular, these stereotypes are related to a stigmatization based on group membership that can be pernicious and discriminatory. Costanza and Finkelstein are also correct in their assessment of the state of the literature on generational effects: theory and research is woefully lacking. Indeed, a recent review of research on generations at work characterized this research as descriptive and neither theoretical nor empirical (Lyons & Kuron, 2014). Yet, as pointed out by Costanza and Finkelstein, the idea of a generational identity is salient and even appealing to many people. Why would this be if it were completely devoid of psychological import? People seem to resonate with the idea that, to some extent at least, they are a product of their generation.
Seek and Ye Shall Find
Authors: Lance Charles E. , Jackson Duncan J. R.
Published: October 2015

Being familiar with their earlier work investigating the factor structures of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery and the Air Force Officer Qualifying Test, we read with interest Ree, Carretta, and Teachout's (2015) proposal to extend the idea of a dominant general factor (DGF) beyond the realm of cognitive abilities to other areas of research and practice in industrial–organizational (I-O) psychology. We found their ideas intriguing and their arguments compelling, but we stumbled on a reference to an article of one of the present authors (Lance, Teachout, & Donnelly, 1992) and Ree et al.’s claim that Lance et al. (1992) had found a DGF that accounted for 59% of the variance in job performance ratings in a military job. They did not. Rather, Lance et al. reported a hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model that explained parsimoniously the correlations among 15 job performance first-order factors in terms of four Job Proficiency and four other Measurement Source second-order factors. We reasoned that Ree et al. must have conducted some secondary analysis on the results presented by Lance et al., and indeed we replicated their claim by finding that the first unrotated principal component accounted for 59% of the variance in correlations among the four Proficiency second-order factors reported in Lance et al.’s Table 6.
The Determinacy and Predictive Power of Common Factors
Authors: Lee James J. , Kuncel Nathan R.
Published: October 2015

Ree, Carretta, and Teachout's (2015) arguments for recognizing the importance of general factors are mostly on point, but they neglect two broad issues: (a) an important theoretical problem introduced by the presence of multiple factors (general, group, specific) and (b) the criterion validity of group factors in certain settings.
From the Editor
Authors: Murphy Kevin R.
Published: October 2015

The goal of focal articles in Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice is to present new ideas or different takes on existing ideas and stimulate a conversation in the form of comment articles that extend the arguments in the focal article or that present new ideas stimulated by those articles. The two focal articles in this issue stimulated a wide range of reactions and a good deal of constructive input.
ERGODIC EXTENSIONS OF ENDOMORPHISMS
Authors: KAKARIADIS EVGENIOS T. A. , PETERS JUSTIN R.
Published: October 2015

We examine a class of ergodic transformations on a probability measure space$(X,{\it\mu})$and show that they extend to representations of${\mathcal{B}}(L^{2}(X,{\it\mu}))$that are both implemented by a Cuntz family and ergodic. This class contains several known examples, which are unified in our work. During the analysis of the existence and uniqueness of this Cuntz family, we find several results of independent interest. Most notably, we prove a decomposition of$X$for$N$-to-one local homeomorphisms that is connected to the orthonormal bases of certain Hilbert modules.
Probiotic strainLactobacillus plantarum299v increases iron absorption from an iron-supplemented fruit drink: a double-isotope cross-over single-blind study in women of reproductive age
Authors: Hoppe Michael , Önning Gunilla , Berggren Anna , Hulthén Lena
Published: October 2015

Iron deficiency is common, especially among young women. Adding probiotics to foods could be one way to increase iron absorption. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that non-haem iron absorption from a fruit drink is improved by addingLactobacillus plantarum299v (Lp299v). Iron absorption was studied in healthy women of reproductive age using a single-blind cross-over design in two trials applying the double-isotope (55Fe and59Fe) technique. In Trial 1, iron absorption from a fruit drink containing 109colony-forming units (CFU) Lp299v was compared with that from a control drink without Lp299v. Trial 2 had the same design but 1010CFU were used. The test and control drinks contained approximately 5 mg of iron as ferrous lactate and were labelled with59Fe (B) and55Fe (A), respectively, and consumed on 4 consecutive days in the order AABB. Retention of the isotopes was measured with whole-body counting and in blood. Mean iron absorption from the drink containing 109CFU Lp299v (28·6(sd12·5) %) was significantly higher than from the control drink (18·5(sd5·8) %),n10,P<0·028). The fruit drink with 1010CFU Lp299v gave a mean iron absorption of 29·1(sd17·0) %, whereas the control drink gave an absorption of (20·1(sd6·4) %) (n11,P<0·080). The difference in iron absorption between the 109CFU Lp299v and the 1010CFU Lp299v drinks was not significant (P=0·941). In conclusion, intake of probiotics can increase iron absorption by approximately 50 % from a fruit drink having an already relatively high iron bioavailability.
A Western dietary pattern is associated with overweight and obesity in a national sample of Lebanese adolescents (13–19 years): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Naja Farah , Hwalla Nahla , Itani Leila , Karam Sabine , Mehio Sibai Abla , Nasreddine Lara
Published: October 2015

Adolescent obesity is associated with both immediate and longer-term health implications. This study aims to identify dietary patterns among a nationally representative sample of Lebanese adolescents aged between 13 and 19 years (n 446) and to assess the association of these patterns with overweight and obesity. Through face-to-face interviews, socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric variables were collected. Dietary intake was assessed using a sixty-one-item FFQ. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. The following two dietary patterns were identified: Western and traditional Lebanese. The Western pattern was characterised by high consumption of red meat, eggs and fast-food sandwiches. The traditional Lebanese pattern reflected high intakes of fruits and vegetables, legumes and fish. Female sex and a higher maternal education level were associated with a greater adherence to the traditional Lebanese pattern. As for the Western pattern, the scores were negatively associated with crowding index, physical activity and frequency of breakfast consumption. After adjustment, subjects belonging to the 3rd tertile of the Western pattern scores had significantly higher odds of overweight compared with those belonging to the 1st tertile (OR 2·3; 95 % CI 1·12, 4·73). In conclusion, two distinct dietary patterns were identified among adolescents in Lebanon: the traditional Lebanese and the Western, with the latter pattern being associated with an increased risk of overweight. The findings of this study may be used to guide the development of evidence-based preventive nutrition interventions to curb the obesity epidemic in this age group.
Health and dietary traits of organic food consumers: results from the NutriNet-Santé study
Authors: Baudry Julia , Méjean Caroline , Péneau Sandrine , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge , Lairon Denis , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle
Published: October 2015

The dietary and health traits of organic food (OF) consumers have not been comprehensively described. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with OF consumption. Data were collected from 54 283 participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort using self-administered web-based questionnaires. Occasional organic food consumers and regular organic food consumers (ROFC) were compared with non-organic food consumers (NOFC) using logistical regression providing an OR and 95 % CI. Adherence to the French food-based guidelines and interactions between nutritional knowledge and OF consumption in adherence to dietary guidelines were investigated. Medical history was also assessed in relation to OF consumption. Compared with NOFC, ROFC were more likely to be vegetarian (OR 9·93; 95 % CI 7·42, 13·29 in women; OR 13·07; CI 7·00, 24·41 in men) and were less likely to be aware of nutritional guidelines regarding meat consumption (OR 0·37; CI 0·34, 0·40 in women; OR 0·41; CI 0·36, 0·47 in men). Compared with NOFC, ROFC had a lower risk of type II diabetes, hypertension and CVD; however, this effect was only significant for men. In contrast, organic consumers were more likely to report food allergies. Consuming OF appeared to affect the relationship between nutritional knowledge and adequate intake of meat/poultry/seafood/eggs and starchy food among both sexes. Our study provides new insights into the diet- and health-related behaviours of OF consumers in a large sample of participants residing in France. This should be taken into account in future studies investigating relationships between health and OF consumption.
Two Critical Spectators: José Ortega y Gasset and Raymond Aron
Authors: Westler Brendon , Craiutu Aurelian
Published: October 2015

This essay examines the role of “critical spectatorship” in the writings of two distinguished European intellectuals, José Ortega y Gasset (1883–1955) and Raymond Aron (1905–1983). We begin the paper by commenting on the struggle between civilization and barbarism, a fundamental topic in their works. We then examine the rhetoric of going beyond the political left and right, which both Ortega and Aron used in their writings. Next, we turn to the concept of “critical spectatorship” that is central to their thought and comment on the similarities and differences between their forms of social and political criticism. We conclude by drawing a few conclusions on the relevance of Ortega's and Aron's ideas for us today.
How to Live Together in Difference: Redhead on Taylor
Authors: Abbey Ruth
Published: October 2015

Mark Redhead's first book, Charles Taylor: Living and Thinking Deep Diversity, offers an in-depth study of Taylor's political thought which insists, rightly in my view, on the close connection between that political thought on the one hand and Taylor's political context and activism in his native Quebec on the other. In this new book, it is both reassuring and instructive to witness someone with Redhead's deep and long knowledge of Taylor incorporate his more recent work, A Secular Age, into a discussion of the themes of Taylor's corpus more generally.
THE LOEWY STRUCTURE OF -VERMA MODULES OF SINGULAR HIGHEST WEIGHTS
Authors: Abe Noriyuki , Kaneda Masaharu
Published: October 2015

Let $G$ be a reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic, $G_{1}$ the Frobenius kernel of $G$, and $T$ a maximal torus of $G$. We show that the parabolically induced $G_{1}T$-Verma modules of singular highest weights are all rigid, determine their Loewy length, and describe their Loewy structure using the periodic Kazhdan–Lusztig $P$- and $Q$-polynomials. We assume that the characteristic of the field is sufficiently large that, in particular, Lusztig’s conjecture for the irreducible $G_{1}T$-characters holds.
REVISITING THE BIRTH OF A NATION AT 100 YEARS
Authors: Parsons Elaine Frantz
Published: October 2015

D. W. Griffith's seminal 1915 film The Birth of a Nation is often approached as a paradox in that it embodies both an extreme commitment to white supremacy, on the one hand, and technical innovation and artistic vision, on the other. While its technique and aesthetics reached to the modern, revealing the promise of the still-new media of film, its celebration of racial oppression reached to the past, justifying and expressing nostalgia for a world in which white people wielded complete control over black people through a tight combination of natural superiority and unapologetic violence. As the essays in this forum underline, the film's modernism and its celebration of white supremacy not only happily cohabited, but reinforced one another. The film revived elements of nineteenth-century racism, and dressed them in the clothes of the modern.
RETHINKING GRIFFITH AND RACISM
Authors: Stokes Melvyn
Published: October 2015

Most years I teach a course called “American History through Hollywood Film.” One of the movies I use for teaching is The Birth of a Nation. This year, in the exam at the end of the course, I asked my students to comment on a particular clip from the film: the scene of the fight in the saloon in which the muscular white blacksmith Jeff (Wallace Reid) battles a group of African Americans and beats them all in a brawl before he is shot in the back. What I expected from the students were some comments on the linkage between alcohol and race, together with a discussion of the wider historical resonances of the sequence, particularly those associated with black boxer Jack Johnson and the attempts to find a “great white hope” able to seize his crown as, since 1908, heavyweight champion of the world. What I got were a number of further suggestions relating to class as well as race that made me want to rethink, at least to some extent, the analysis of this sequence I gave in my 2007 book.
“HISTORICAL PRESENTATION” OR “LIBEL TO THE RACE”?: CENSORSHIP AND THE BIRTH OF A NATION
Authors: Fronc Jennifer
Published: October 2015

On April 9, 1915, the fiftieth anniversary of General Lee's surrender at Appomattox, The Birth of a Nation opened in Boston. Audience members were “prepared for the unusual” the moment they entered the Tremont Theatre. After “a young man in evening dress and a silk hat” took tickets, “two young women in flounced hoop skirts and with long curls … ma[d]e a sort of graceful minuet bow, and hand[ed] you a program.” While “soldiers ‘on guard’ in the Civil War uniforms of the North and South” flanked the aisles, another costumed young woman “escort[ed] you to your seat.” As the film projector flickered to life, a title card issued an important caveat to the audience: “This is an historical presentation of the Civil War and Reconstruction period and is not meant to reflect in any way upon any race or people of today.” D. W. Griffith did not write this title card; rather, the National Board of Censorship of Motion Pictures (NBC) inserted it to fend off protestors and signal its commitment to filmmakers’ First Amendment rights.
Love Thy Neighbor? Relationships between Religion and Racial Intolerance in Europe
Authors: Doebler Stefanie
Published: October 2015

This article examines relationships between religion and racial intolerance across 47 countries by applying multilevel modeling to European survey data and is the first in-depth analysis of moderation of these relationships by European national contexts. The analysis distinguishes a believing, belonging, and practice dimension of religiosity. The results yield little evidence of a link between denominational belonging, religious practice, and racial intolerance. The religiosity dimension that matters most for racial intolerance in Europe is believing: believers in a traditional God and believers in a Spirit/Life Force are decidedly less likely, and fundamentalists are more likely than non-believers to be racially intolerant. National contexts also matter greatly: individuals living in Europe's most religious countries, countries with legacies of ethnic-religious conflict and countries with low GDP are significantly more likely to be racially intolerant than those living in wealthier, secular and politically stable countries. This is especially the case for the religiously devout.
Not so rare: Plocamopherus ocellatus (Nudibranchia, Polyceridae) in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Rothman Shevy B.-S. , Galil Bella S.
Published: October 2015

Plocamopherus ocellatus, a conspicuous but very rare Erythraean nudibranch, was first collected in the Mediterranean Sea off the Israeli coast in 1977, but no additional observations from Israeli waters were recorded in the scientific literature. Biodiversity assessment surveys of the hard bottom biota off the Mediterranean coast of Israel and sightings by recreational divers/underwater photographers in the past dozen years seem to support the presence of a local self-sustaining population off the Israeli coast.
Sustainable Development and Its Discontents
Authors: Dernbach John C. , Cheever Federico
Published: October 2015

Sustainable development (or sustainability) is a decision-making framework for maintaining and achieving human well-being, both in the present and into the future. The framework requires both consideration and the achievement of environmental protection, social justice and economic development. In that framework, environmental protection must be integrated into decisions about social and economic development, and social justice and economic viability must be integrated into decisions about environmental quality.

As sustainable development has grown in prominence, its critics have become more numerous and more vocal. Three major lines of criticism are that the term is ‘too boring’ to command public attention, ‘too vague’ to provide guidance, and ‘too late’ to address the world’s problems. Critics suggest goals such as abundance, environmental integrity, and resilience. Beginning with the international agreements that have shaped the concept of sustainable development, this article provides a functional and historical analysis of the meaning of sustainable development. It then analyzes and responds to each of the above criticisms. It argues that the critics, understood constructively, suggest ways of strengthening this framework, but do not provide a compelling alternative. The challenge for lawyers, lawmakers, and others is to use and improve the sustainability framework to make better decisions.
Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 (PDK1)
Authors: Lang Undine E. , Ackermann Teresa F. , Wolfer David , Schubert Florian , Sohr Reinhard , Hörtnagl Heide , Lang Florian , Gallinat Juergen
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling influences susceptibility to virus infections, anoxia, obstetric complications, and cancer; which are changed in patients with schizophrenia and their first degree relatives. Therefore PI3K signaling might have impact on the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. PI3K signaling crucially involves phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase (PDK1). Increased anxiety behavior is observed in PDK1 hypomorphic mice. Here we show enhanced prevalence of schizophrenia in carriers of the PDK1 CC genotype in human beings. Moreover, decreased parietal P300 amplitude, which is a well-studied schizophrenic endophenotype, was observed in PDK1 CC carriers. Glutamate and glutamine concentrations are increased in the frontal lobe of PDK1 dysmorphic mice and human CC individuals. Our results demonstrate that the PDK1 CC genotype is associated with increased risk to develop schizophrenia, a typical endophenotype profile observed in the disease and modified neurotransmitter concentrations in brain regions associated with the disease.
Transgenerational Transmission of Stress Pathology
Authors: Bolten Margarete
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The impact of the environment early in life on long-term outcomes is well known. Stressful experiences during pre- and postnatal development can modulate the genetic programming of specific brain circuits underlying emotional and cognitive aspects of behavioral adaptation to stressful experiences later in life. Furthermore, there is documented evidence for gene-environment interactions in the context of early-life stress. Identical gene variants can be associated with different phenotypes depending on environmental factors. DNA methylation, an enzymatically-catalyzed modification of the DNA, is the mechanism through which phenotypes are regulated. The dynamics and plasticity of epigenetic mechanisms can have short-term, long-term, or transgenerational consequences. In epigenetic research, rodent models have targeted several behavioral and emotional phenotypes. These models have contributed significantly to our understanding of the environmental regulation of the developmental brain in early life. This review will highlight studies with rats and mice on epigenetic processes in fetal programming of stress-related mental disorders.
Gene expression of INPP5F as an independent prognostic marker in fludarabine-based therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Palermo G , Maisel D , Barrett M , Smith H , Duchateau-Nguyen G , Nguyen T , Yeh R-F , Dufour A , Robak T , Dornan D , Weisser M ,   on behalf of the REACH investigators
Published: October 2015

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease. Various disease-related and patient-related factors have been shown to influence the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify novel biomarkers of significant clinical relevance. Pretreatment CD19-separated lymphocytes (n=237; discovery set) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (n=92; validation set) from the REACH trial, a randomized phase III trial in relapsed CLL comparing rituximab plus fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide with fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide alone, underwent gene expression profiling. By using Cox regression survival analysis on the discovery set, we identified inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase F (INPP5F) as a prognostic factor for progression-free survival (P<0.001; hazard ratio (HR), 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–1.98) and overall survival (P<0.001; HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.18–1.84), regardless of adjusting for known prognostic factors. These findings were confirmed on the validation set, suggesting that INPP5F may serve as a novel, easy-to-assess future prognostic biomarker for fludarabine-based therapy in CLL.
Label-free microfluidic free-flow isoelectric focusing, pH gradient sensing and near real-time isoelectric point determination of biomolecules and blood plasma fractions
Authors: Poehler Elisabeth , Herzog Christin , Lotter Carsten , Pfeiffer Simon A. , Aigner Daniel , Mayr Torsten , Nagl Stefan
Published: October 2015

Continuous biomolecular separation and pH gradient observation using UV and NIR fluorescence.
A miniaturised analytical protocol for highly sensitive determination of bisphenol A in bottled drinking water
Authors: Saini Shivender Singh , Rao A. L. J. , Singh Baldev , Malik Ashok Kumar
Published: October 2015

This paper proposes a novel, fast, reliable and miniaturised analytical protocol for highly sensitive determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in bottled drinking water.
Constructing supramolecular grids: from 4f square to 3d–4f grid
Authors: Wu Jianfeng , Zhao Lang , Guo Mei , Tang Jinkui
Published: October 2015

Novel supramolecular 4f and 3d–4f grids were constructed using dihydrazone based ligands, where the 3d–4f grid represents the first example of this type and shows SMM behavior.
Facile synthesis of nanostructured TiNb2O7 anode materials with superior performance for high-rate lithium ion batteries
Authors: Lou Shuaifeng , Ma Yulin , Cheng Xinqun , Gao Jinlong , Gao Yunzhi , Zuo Pengjian , Du Chunyu , Yin Geping
Published: October 2015

The one-dimensional nanostructured TiNb2O7 exhibited excellent electrochemical performance with superior reversible capacity, rate capability and cyclic stability.
Correction: Highly regio- and stereoselective synthesis of alkenylboronic esters by copper-catalyzed boron additions to disubstituted alkynes
Authors: Kim Hye Ryung , Yun Jaesook
Published: October 2015

Correction for ‘Highly regio- and stereoselective synthesis of alkenylboronic esters by copper-catalyzed boron additions to disubstituted alkynes’ by Hye Ryung Kim et al., Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 2943–2945.
“Hot or cold”: how do charge transfer states at the donor–acceptor interface of an organic solar cell dissociate?
Authors: Bässler Heinz , Köhler Anna
Published: October 2015

This perspective discusses concepts to understand efficient photogeneration of charges in organic semiconductors, with particular emphasis on the role of excess energy.
Inclusion of supported gold nanoparticles into their semiconductor support
Authors: Lau Marcus , Ziefuss Anna , Komossa Tim , Barcikowski Stephan
Published: October 2015

This article addresses our exemplary studies on the integration of supported nanoparticles into their solid support, namely gold nanoparticles into zinc oxide sub-micrometer spheres, by energy controlled pulsed laser melting in a free liquid jet.
Ultrafast charge transfer dynamics in supramolecular Pt(ii) donor–bridge–acceptor assemblies: the effect of vibronic coupling
Authors: Scattergood Paul A. , Delor Milan , Sazanovich Igor V. , Towrie Michael , Weinstein Julia A.
Published: October 2015

Thanks to major advances in laser technologies, recent investigations of the ultrafast coupling of nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom (vibronic coupling) have revealed that such coupling plays a crucial role in a wide range of photoinduced reactions in condensed phase supramolecular systems. This paper investigates several new donor–bridge–acceptor charge-transfer molecular assemblies built on a trans-Pt(ii) acetylide core. We also investigate how targeted vibrational excitation with low-energy IR light post electronic excitation can perturb vibronic coupling and affect the efficiency of electron transfer (ET) in solution phase. We compare and contrast properties of a range of donor–bridge–acceptor Pt(ii) trans-acetylide assemblies, where IR excitation of bridge vibrations during UV-initiated charge separation in some cases alters the yields of light-induced product states. We show that branching to multiple product states from a transition state with appropriate energetics is the most rigid condition for the type of vibronic control we demonstrate in our study.
Light driven styrene epoxidation and hydrogen generation using H2O as an oxygen source in a photoelectrosynthesis cell
Authors: Farràs P. , Di Giovanni C. , Clifford J. N. , Garrido-Barros P. , Palomares E. , Llobet A.
Published: October 2015

This proof-of-concept dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell is able to produce a high-value chemical by the epoxidation of an alkene in water using sunlight and, at the same time, produce a solar fuel such as hydrogen.
Cation exchange for thin film lead iodide perovskite interconversion
Authors: Eperon Giles E. , Beck Clara E. , Snaith Henry J.
Published: October 2015

We demonstrate that we can convert hybrid perovskites between methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) by immersion in solutions of MA or FA iodide at room temperature. The cations diffuse uniformly throughout the bulk films, forming an alloy rather than a bi-layer. Furthermore, this demonstrates good organic cation mobility in these materials.
Photocatalytic fluoroalkylation reactions of organic compounds
Authors: Barata-Vallejo Sebastián , Bonesi Sergio M. , Postigo Al
Published: October 2015

Photocatalytic methods for fluoroalkyl-radical generation provide more convenient alternatives to the classical perfluoroalkyl-radical (Rf) production through chemical initiators, such as azo or peroxide compounds or the employment of transition metals through a thermal electron transfer (ET) initiation process.
Anti-site disorder and physical properties in microwave synthesized RE2Ti2O7 (RE = Gd, Ho) pyrochlores
Authors: Gómez-Pérez Alejandro , Prado-Gonjal Jesús , Muñoz-Gil Daniel , Andrada-Chacón Adrián , Sánchez-Benítez Javier , Morán Emilio , Azcondo María Teresa , Amador Ulises , Schmidt Rainer
Published: October 2015

In this work we report on the microwave assisted synthesis of nano-sized Gd2Ti2O7 (GTO) and Ho2Ti2O7 (HTO) powders from the RE2Ti2O7 pyrochlore family (RE = rare earth) and their physical properties.
New properties in old systems: cooperative electric order in ferrocene and ammonia-borane
Authors: Bermúdez-García J. M. , Yáñez-Vilar S. , Castro-García S. , Señarís-Rodríguez M. A. , Sánchez-Andújar M.
Published: October 2015

After half a century of studies on ferrocene and ammonia-borane, it is very exciting to observe that these materials still hide interesting properties not described before. Here we report dielectric transitions associated with the phase transition.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of Li–O2 battery based on modifying the solid-state air cathode with Pd catalyst
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Cai Shengrong , Zhu Ding , Chen Yungui
Published: October 2015

A Pd catalyst has a positive effect on the performance of a Li–O2 battery using a solid-state air cathode.
Spin-coatable, photopatternable magnetic nanocomposite thin films for MEMS device applications
Authors: Kandpal M. , Sharan C. , Palaparthy V. , Tiwary N. , Poddar P. , Rao V. Ramgopal
Published: October 2015

Magnetic nanomaterials' (especially metals) air stability and compatibility with standard micro-fabrication technologies are often a concern for development of MEMS-based magnetic devices.
Biocompatible succinic acid-based polyesters for potential biomedical applications: fungal biofilm inhibition and mesenchymal stem cell growth
Authors: Jäger E. , Donato R. K. , Perchacz M. , Jäger A. , Surman F. , Höcherl A. , Konefał R. , Donato K. Z. , Venturini C. G. , Bergamo V. Z. , Schrekker H. S. , Fuentefria A. M. , Raucci M. G. , Ambrosio L. , Štěpánek P.
Published: October 2015

Poly(alkene succinates) are promising materials for specialized medical devices and tissue engineering, presenting intrinsic properties, such as; fungal biofilm inhibition, biocompatibility and stem cells controlled growth promotion.
Designing a novel high-throughput AlphaLISA assay to quantify plasma NHERF1 as a non-small cell lung cancer biomarker
Authors: Du Guifang , Yang Xiaomei , Hu Mu , Hao Chengcheng , Gu Yanan , Zhi Xiuyi , Jiang Wen G. , He Junqi , Cheng Shan
Published: October 2015

A novel amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous immunoassay (AlphaLISA) has been developed and validated for the quantification of NHERF1 in human plasma.
An improved one-pot multicomponent strategy for the preparation of thiazoline, thiazolidinone and thiazolidinol scaffolds
Authors: Appalanaidu K. , Dadmal Tulshiram , Jagadeesh Babu N. , Kumbhare Ravindra M.
Published: October 2015

A simple three-component protocol towards the synthesis of thiazoline, thiazolidinone and thiazolidinol scaffolds has been designed, and these scaffolds were conveniently synthesized with good yields.
Luminescence properties of novel emission-tunable NaSr(4−x−y)Bax(BO3)3:yEu2+phosphors for white light emitting diodes
Authors: Huang Jun , Dai Jian , Deng Degang , Yu Hua , Li Yinqun , Hua Youjie , Zhao Shilong , Li Chenxia , Xu Shiqing
Published: October 2015

The emission peaks of the obtained NaSr(3.98−x)Bax(BO3)3:0.02Eu2+phosphors can be continuously tuned from 609 nm to 544 nm by adjusting the Ba2+concentration.
Synthetic aminopyrrolic receptors have apoptosis inducing activity
Authors: Park Seong-Hyun , Choi Yoon Pyo , Park Jinhong , Share Andrew , Francesconi Oscar , Nativi Cristina , Namkung Wan , Sessler Jonathan L. , Roelens Stefano , Shin Injae
Published: October 2015

Two synthetic aminopyrrolic glycan receptors with apoptosis inducing activity are described.
Using Virtual Technology to Promote Functional Communication in Aphasia: Preliminary Evidence From Interactive Dialogues With Human and Virtual Clinicians
Authors: Kalinyak-Fliszar Michelene , Martin Nadine , Keshner Emily , Rudnicky Alex , Shi Justin , Teodoro Gregory
Published: October 2015

Purpose

We investigated the feasibility of using a virtual clinician (VC) to promote functional communication abilities of persons with aphasia (PWAs). We aimed to determine whether the quantity and quality of verbal output in dialogues with a VC would be the same or greater than those with a human clinician (HC).

Method

Four PWAs practiced dialogues for 2 sessions each with a HC and VC. Dialogues from before and after practice were transcribed and analyzed for content. We compared measures taken before and after practice in the VC and HC conditions.

Results

Results were mixed. Participants either produced more verbal output with the VC or showed no difference on this measure between the VC and HC conditions. Participants also showed some improvement in postpractice narratives.

Conclusion

Results provide support for the feasibility and applicability of virtual technology to real-life communication contexts to improve functional communication in PWAs.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170252
Responses to Intensity-Shifted Auditory Feedback During Running Speech
Authors: Patel Rupal , Reilly Kevin J. , Archibald Erin , Cai Shanqing , Guenther Frank H.
Published: October 2015

Purpose

Responses to intensity perturbation during running speech were measured to understand whether prosodic features are controlled in an independent or integrated manner.

Method

Nineteen English-speaking healthy adults (age range = 21–41 years) produced 480 sentences in which emphatic stress was placed on either the 1st or 2nd word. One participant group received an upward intensity perturbation during stressed word production, and the other group received a downward intensity perturbation. Compensations for perturbation were evaluated by comparing differences in participants' stressed and unstressed peak fundamental frequency (F0), peak intensity, and word duration during perturbed versus baseline trials.

Results

Significant increases in stressed–unstressed peak intensities were observed during the ramp and perturbation phases of the experiment in the downward group only. Compensations for F0 and duration did not reach significance for either group.

Conclusions

Consistent with previous work, speakers appear sensitive to auditory perturbations that affect a desired linguistic goal. In contrast to previous work on F0 perturbation that supported an integrated-channel model of prosodic control, the current work only found evidence for intensity-specific compensation. This discrepancy may suggest different F0 and intensity control mechanisms, threshold-dependent prosodic modulation, or a combined control scheme.
Memristor‐based activation circuit for long‐term memories in cognitive architectures
Authors: Wang P. , Phillips B.J. , Liebelt M.J.
Published: October 2015

A memristor circuit that can store, maintain and compare the activation of objects in the long‐term memory of a cognitive architecture is described. Objects accessed frequently or recently are assigned a high activation and are more likely to be retrieved first in a search that returns multiple matches. By using memristance to store the activation values, the circuit achieves high density and fast retrieval.