bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors:   National Aviation University, Rumiantsev Anatolii
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to consideration of modern directions, features of the transformation of international economic relations of Ukraine (IERU), the content of which is defined as the process of restructuring, implementation of structural changes, introduction of innovative forms, methods, tools of functioning of the world economic relations of our state. The main prerequisites for the transformation of the IERU have been studied: a) globalization of the world economy; b) challenges of scientific and technical progress; c) the consequences of the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. In the theoretical aspect, the approach to the content of the dialectical interaction of the IERU and the foreign economic activity of Ukraine (FEAU), which, respectively, are considered as the essence and form of a single integral phenomenon - the system of international economic relations of our state. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the transformation of the following components of the IERU: a) foreign trade relations; b) problems of emigration of labor resources; c) adaptation to the conditions of the world labor market. Modern features of the transformation of foreign trade are noted, in the process of which the existing parameters of export-import operations, regional displacement of foreign trade volumes are taken into account. The directions of the transformation of IERU related to the domestic demographic situation are highlighted. They are characterized by a reduction in the active component of labor resources; employed in the field of foreign trade; termination of entrepreneurial activity by a part of the private sector, oriented towards international business; reduction of currency transfers from workers abroad; expenses related to the social security of immigrants in Ukraine and abroad. The effect of international economic sanctions against the Russian Federation is considered as a factor in the transformation of the IER. As promising directions of research into the transformation of IERU, it is proposed to consider: a) features of the accelerated development of external relations in the field of information and communication services; b) specifics of implementation of digital technologies in enterprises of the export sector; c) use of innovative forms of international cooperation in the global digital space.
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR HOTELS ACCORDONGLY TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE STANDARD DSTU ISO 9001:2015
Authors:   National University of Food Technologies, Bondar Nataliіa , Sharan Larysa ,   National University of Food Technologies, Hubenia Viacheslav ,   National University of Food Technologies, Stakhurska Liliia ,   National University of Food Technologies
Published: January 2023

The integration of Ukraine into European structures and the world economic system requires ensuring the competitiveness of domestic enterprises both in the domestic and foreign markets, which is primarily associated with improving the quality of products and services. The constant improvement of the quality of products, works and services will contribute, first of all, to the formation of a positive international image of Ukraine and the revival of domestic enterprises. The modern philosophy in ensuring the quality of products, processes and services for any enterprise, institution, organization is the construction of effective quality management systems based on the international standards ISO 9000 series. For enterprises of the hotel and restaurant industry, as the most significant segment of the tourism industry, the issue of improving the quality of products and services always remains relevant, even in the context of the economic and financial crisis. The development of the Ukrainian market of hotel services is aimed at reforming and adapting hotel enterprises to changes in the market environment, increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of Ukrainian hotel enterprises in the world market, and introducing world standards for the quality of hotel services. The main goal of a hotel company seeking to achieve an international competitiveness is building up a quality management system and obtain a quality certificate for compliance with international standards ISO 9000. It requires compliance with the requirements of the hotel company's material base, staff qualifications and an effective organizational and functional structure of the enterprise. The article explores the essence and significance of the quality management system in the activities of hotel enterprises. The principles of quality management are considered in detail: customer orientation; leadership; staff involvement; process approach; improvement; making decisions based on evidence; relationship management. Taking into account the requirements of DSTU ISO 9001:2015, quality management processes that are typical for hotel and restaurant enterprises are defined and described.
EXCHANGE INSTRUMENTS FOR MINIMIZING THE PRICE RISKS OF THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MARKET
Authors:   National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic», Khadartsev Oleksandr
Published: January 2023

The exchange as an element of the wholesale trade infrastructure of the agrarian market was considered: essence, functions, characteristics. The role of the Ukrainian agricultural sector in the world market is described, the factors influencing price fluctuations for agricultural products, in particular grain, are determined. In connection with the factors affecting prices, the negative impact of insufficient development of the modern exchange infrastructure of Ukraine was also considered, such as: low level of actual activity of Ukrainian commodity exchanges, lack of economic prerequisites despite the dynamics of their number, failure of exchanges to fulfill their direct functions regarding the formation of an effective agricultural products market. Deficiencies in the statistical analysis of the commodity exchange market of Ukraine were also noted, and the need to create an appropriate system for monitoring commodity exchange activity indicators was emphasized. The perspective of the positive impact of infrastructural improvements on the activation of price risk hedging in the process of exchange trading, through the significant spread of derivative exchange contracts – derivatives of various types, is considered. The characteristics of derivatives as derivative financial instruments are presented, their key characteristics are given, which allow the parties to these contracts to protect their market positions and ensure the prospect of receiving planned financial benefits in the future. The features of the futures contract, as the most promising type of derivatives and the optimal risk hedging tool for Ukrainian participants in the agricultural market, have been studied. In particular, attention is focused on the types and specifics of the manifestation of price risks, as well as the mechanisms of protection against them or minimizing the impact of such risks. The modern problems of the underdevelopment of this exchange contract in Ukraine, the reasons for their occurrence and ways to overcome them are considered. According to the results of the presentation of the main material of the study, relevant conclusions and proposals are made, promising directions for further research in this field are given.
EXPERT ECONOMIST'S OPINION AS AN INEXHAUSTIBLE SOURCE OF EVIDENCE AND ITS ASSESSMENT
Authors:   Kyiv National Economics University named after Vadym Hetman, Bugay Nadia
Published: January 2023

The development of Science, improvement of organizational and procedural forms of application of special knowledge in introduced cases of any type of legal proceedings opens up great opportunities for rapid and complete detection of crimes and will contribute to reducing crime in our country. Practical expert activity in the field of detection and suppression of financial and economic offenses, as well as dispute resolution in the field of accounting, taxation and in general in the field of economics, is extremely important from the point of view of protecting the interests of the state, society, and all citizens of Ukraine, requires the development of new comprehensive scientific and practical approaches to economic expertise. Nowadays, the fight against economic crime occupies a special place. Based on this, it is necessary to significantly improve the effectiveness of law enforcement work, especially at the stages of pre-trial investigation and judicial review of an introduced case of any type of legal proceedings. As a result, the importance of the expert economist's conclusion as a source of evidence in the proof process increases. Especially today, when there are “high-quality " ways of preparing, committing and concealing crimes, their number of serious and especially serious ones increases, which are quite carefully planned and committed by professionally trained individuals and organized criminal groups. In such cases, it is impossible to understand the mechanism of committing a crime, to prove the guilt of persons based on the traces left at the place of its commission, without conducting an economic expert examination and obtaining the opinion of an expert economist. When committing offenses and atrocities in the economic sphere, as a rule, modern achievements of Science and technology are used, which complicates the activities of law enforcement agencies and requires them to correctly understand the essence of the expert opinion, separate evidence of this type from others, as well as the procedure for collecting and evaluating them. Today, the procedural legislation of Ukraine establishes the principle that no evidence for the court has an established force and will be evaluated solely on the basis of internal conviction based on a full and comprehensive investigation. So, the conclusion of an expert economist is the result of a pre-conducted research, which is appointed directly by law enforcement agencies and should be conducted in compliance with specific procedural rules, followed by an assessment of the person or body by whom the economic expertise itself was appointed, which determines the relevance of the topic of this article.
NATIONAL ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF UKRAINE IN THE SPHERE OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Authors:   National Aviation University, Gurina Ganna , Bugayko Dmytro ,   National Aviation University, Zablotska Rita ,   Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Korzh Maryna ,   National Aviation University, Sydorenko Kateryna ,   National Aviation University
Published: January 2023

This article analyzes the national interests of Ukraine from the point of view of transformations of international economic relations during the period of military aggression. The aspects and indicators of the effectiveness of the state policy in the investment and innovation sphere for strengthening the security of the real sector of the economy, determining the risks and threats of using the investment and innovation potential of economic security and the degree of its influence on the competitive positions of Ukraine in the conditions of technological globalism are characterized. The directions of positive development of the global economy and international regulatory mechanisms of its influence on the national competitiveness and economic interests of Ukraine are outlined. A justified sequence of actions to ensure the economic security of Ukraine in the field of international economic relations, strategic directions of innovative activity and resource support of the investment and innovation component of the economic interests of the real sector of the economy in conditions of global competition.
CURRENT TENDENCIES AND APPROACHES IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Private higher educational institution “Kharkiv University of Technology “STEP”, Dudnyk Olena , Poliakova Olena ,   Kharkiv State Academy of Culture
Published: January 2023

The article examines modern trends in project management and the most common approaches to their management in the conditions of a transformational economy with the aim of systematizing trends in project management and analyzing project management approaches in modern economic conditions. The authors researched the latest research and publications in this field, in particular, attention was paid to the new changes made to the PMBOK Guide. It was noted that the main trends in project management are the provision of high- quality planning of processes and resources, the growing importance of knowledge exchange and the search for new competitive advantages based on increased adaptability and the use of flexible and hybrid management methods, as well as the remote (remote) nature of work, hybrid approaches in change management , growing demand for project managers, development of Soft Skills, flexible use of project management tools. A comparative analysis of functional, dynamic and subject approaches of project management was carried out and their characteristic features were determined. The advantages and disadvantages of flexible and hybrid project management methodologies are analyzed, namely the most common modern flexible project management methodologies - Agile and flexible management frameworks: Scrum, Kanban, Crystal, Six Sigma and others. It is emphasized that the use of certain approaches to project management is determined by the specifics of the design product, the time of project implementation, the degree of involvement of stakeholders and many other factors. It was established that due to the dynamism of the external environment in the conditions of digital transformation of society, flexible management methodologies are popularized. Agile technologies emphasize the lack of universal solutions and the need to take into account the specifics of the project. This is especially relevant for IT projects Trends and features of project management in the field of information technologies are presented. It has been established that the organizational and financial aspects of the integration of several different approaches within one project are promising directions for further research in the field of project management.
SOCIAL INEQUALITY AS A FIELD OF RESEARCH OF FINANCIAL SCIENCE
Authors:   Odessa National Economic University, Kotsіurubenko Ganna
Published: January 2023

In the article, the author proposed a scientifically based view on the establishment of a relationship between the study of social inequality and the problems studied and solved by financial science, identified the points of intersection of spheres and outlined the directions of practical application of financial science in order to reduce the impact of the negative consequences of social inequality. Transformations in the socio-economic plane, changes in paradigms and priorities of state policies regarding the formation of leading positions, namely the concepts of personal and social development, knowledge economy, human capital, population welfare and the importance of inclusive processes in the market economy, determine the importance of monitoring the changes taking place in the approaches to the examination and study of social inequality, as one of the broadest manifestations of the stratified division of society. It is emphasized that the analysis of economic relations in the formation of the phenomenon of social inequality in general, without detailing the directions of economic implementation, does not fully reveal the specifics of financial science and financial relations formed in society. Attention is focused on the fact that in the conditions of a market economy, the formation of income occurs through the creation and distribution of GDP, which can be researched and analyzed precisely through the prism of financial science. It is substantiated that the study and analysis of social inequality, in terms of economic dominants, enables the consideration of financial relations that are formed and implemented in the studied society. Significant differences in the possibilities of access to certain benefits and social inequality signal the low efficiency of the functioning of the mechanisms for ensuring social development and social security of the population, which directly depends on the financial situation and system formed in the state and society, on the methods of financial interaction between participants, that is, it is included in the scope of financial science research.
LABOR RIGHTS OF UKRAINIAN CITIZENS ABROAD: PECULIARITIES OF LEGAL REGULATION AND PROTECTION
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Matvieieva Anastasiia , Pererodova Anastasiia ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the actual problems of legal support of labor migration of Ukrainian citizens abroad. The main domestic normative legal acts and international treaties, conventions ratified by Ukraine, which regulate the issues of labor migration, the issues of effective protection and realization of the rights of such citizens are identified. These normative acts were analyzed and it was concluded that the issues of employment of Ukrainian citizens abroad are solved not only in accordance with national legislation, but also with the legislation of the host country and international treaties. In addition, it was found that bilateral agreements between Ukraine and other states play a significant role in the implementation of such labor rights. The categories of labor migrants and the criteria for their division into separate groups are distinguished: there are four such categories. It is found that depending on the category of such citizens, the scope of their rights and powers is determined, as well as the level of protection of their rights and legitimate interests in case of their violation. The problem that is relevant for Ukrainian citizens in connection with the Russian- Ukrainian war is investigated: the issue of employment of Ukrainian refugees and persons who have received the status of persons in need of temporary protection. The article describes the mechanisms of realization of the basic rights of migrant workers: the right to proper working conditions, decent wages, rest and social protection. The problem of pensions and other social benefits of migrant workers is discussed, because the provision of such benefits is regulated differently in international agreements: in the agreements of Ukraine with the CIS countries the territorial principle is applied, and with European countries the principle of proportionality is taken as a basis. In addition, the issue of double taxation of citizens and ways to avoid it is disclosed.
INFORMATION SECURITY OF THE INTERACTION OF SUBJECTS OF DEMOCRATIC CIVIL CONTROL OVER THE ACTIVITIES OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Kovaliv Myroslav , Lytvyn Nataliia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Podoliaka Anatolii ,   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Shopina Iryna ,   Lviv State University of Internal Affairs
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the article is to determine the features of information security of interaction between subjects of democratic civil control over the activities of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. The features of the activities of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine as a public administration body that performs the functions of a military command body are clarified. Attention is focused on the fact that as a result of demilitarization, the Ministry has the status of a civilian department. Arguments are given that empowering the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine with the right to form and implement the directions of state defense policy determines the presence of active contacts with various subjects, which gives rise to a large number of information risks. The systematization is made by information risks, typical for the interaction of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine with the subjects of democratic civil control. Firstly, these are the risks associated with the leakage of information with limited access, which became known to the subjects of control activities in the exercise of their powers. Secondly, these are socio- psychological risks associated with the disclosure/publication of information and data that are not of a closed nature; however, due to their influence on public consciousness, they can cause a complex of destructive reactions. Thirdly, these are the risks associated with the overload of military command and control systems in the conditions of combat operations, which may lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of the functioning of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations. The definition is formulated by the information security of the interaction of subjects of democratic civilian control over the activities of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. The conclusion is made that the main directions of the studied information security cover the definition of a specific level of information risks and the adoption of measures to reduce their negative impact, the improvement of data protection systems in information networks, the education of a high level of information culture of subjects of democratic civilian control over the Defense Forces.
LEGAL REGULATION OF FORENSIC ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF PROTECTION OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS: NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky State Pedagogical University, Horbonos Viktoriia , Kronivets Tetiana ,   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky State Pedagogical University
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the work is to study the essence and features of forensic expert activity in the context of modern realities and the protection of children's rights, as well as specific issues arising in the legal regulation of forensic activity at the national and European levels. The issue of genomic information and its application for the protection of human rights is considered, as well as the aspect of creating databases for the implementation of effective and operational justice and ensuring human rights. It is especially important today that genomic information is necessary for the search for missing persons and identification, since the war brought huge losses to Ukrainians - thousands of killed and tortured people. Because of the war, many people are considered missing, many were captured. In such cases, the relatives of these persons are advised to submit biological samples together with a statement to the police about the fact. Minors also have the right to do so. In addition, minors, incapacitated persons and persons with limited legal capacity have the right to submit their genomic information for registration with the written consent of their legal representatives. While creating this article, general scientific theoretical research methods were carried out, as well as an analysis of published data and the legislative framework regarding the legal regulation of DNA expertise, as one of the most important areas of expert research in wartime conditions. The results. The main areas of problem solving are identified. They are essential for DNA analysis in Ukraine to acquire the necessary development. The importance of the collection of genomic information, as well as the creation of various databases, were defined and substantiated. The importance of complying with the law during the collection, storage and use of information about a person, for the purpose of effective justice and ensuring human rights, is presented. Forensic examination is necessary for the establishment of objective truth, the development and practical implementation of scientific methods and techniques, the study of materials during the investigation of crimes and the trial.
REGULATORY AND LEGAL BASIS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF FINANCIAL CONTROL IN UKRAINE
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, Bortniak Valery
Published: January 2023

The article examined the regulatory and legal basis of financial control in Ukraine. On the basis of the conducted research, we can establish that the current regulatory and legal basis of financial control in Ukraine includes a large number of regulatory acts that are "scattered" in various fields of law - financial, administrative, international, etc. This is definitely a significant problem, as it complicates law enforcement processes, creates gaps in the activities of state financial control bodies, and also indicates the absence of a unified system of legislation regulating the implementation of financial control in Ukraine. In addition to the chaotic regulatory acts, the problem is also related to the fact that state financial control is implemented by many state bodies that use different types, forms and methods of financial control. At the same time, in our opinion, the main problem lies in the lack of a perfect unified system of normative material, as well as an updated law on the regulation of the basic principles of the activities of state financial control bodies. In the article, we substantiated the thesis that the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On the Basic Principles of State Financial Control in Ukraine" of 1993 are somewhat outdated and do not correspond to the current state of social relations in this area. In the work, special attention was focused on legislative activity, in particular, the draft Law "On the Basic Principles of the Activities of State Financial Control Bodies" No. 9086 dated September 17, 2018 was considered. The study of the movement of the considered draft law shows that it was initially sent for revision, and then in 2019 it was withdrawn. However, in our opinion, the very process of discussing a completely new law (not making changes to the current law, which was adopted almost 30 years ago), indicates the willingness of the legislator to adopt a new regulatory act in this area, which will fundamentally change the system of regulatory regulation of the implementation of financial control. Prospects for further research in this direction are the issue of legislative work on the legal regulation of financial control in Ukraine, the study of international sources related to a certain sphere of public relations.
Pharmacoepidemiological analysis of antihypertensive therapy in older age groups with senile asthenia syndrome
Authors: Davidov Evgeny L. , Yaskevich Roman A.
Published: January 2023

Aim. To conduct a pharmacoepidemiological study to determine the characteristics of antihypertensive therapy in older patients with senile asthenia syndrome (SSA) and compliance of this therapy with modern clinical recommendations.
Materials and methods. The study included 146 patients diagnosed with stage IIII hypertension who underwent inpatient treatment in the therapeutic department of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Hospital for War Veterans, the subjects were divided into two groups. The first group included 55 elderly patients (WHO, 2012) with hypertension and SSA. The second group included 35 elderly patients (WHO, 2012) with hypertension and SSA. The comparison group consisted of 56 patients aged 60 to 84 years with hypertension without SSA. Evaluation of the pharmacotherapy was carried out based on extracts from the medical histories of inpatient patients.
Results. The most commonly taken groups of antihypertensive drugs in patients of older age groups with hypertension and SSA according to the study are diuretics and -blockers. Diuretics were taken by 88.6% of elderly patients and 83.6% of senile patients. The main combinations of antihypertensive drugs in patients with hypertension and SSA were: a two-component scheme of combination of an ACE inhibitor and a diuretic, a three-component scheme of combination of an ACE inhibitor, a -blocker and a diuretic, four-component schemes of combination of an ACE inhibitor, a -blocker, a calcium channel blocker and a diuretic, as well as a combination of an angiotensin II receptor blocker, a -blocker, calcium channel blocker and diuretic with combined medications.
Conclusion. The prescribed antihypertensive therapy in patients of older age groups with hypertension and SSA in most cases is represented by a combination of several drugs. Many patients take three-component antihypertensive therapy regimens. There were no statistically significant differences between patients of older age groups with hypertension and SSA, as well as patients of older age groups with hypertension without SSA. Therefore, it can be concluded that the presence of senile asthenia syndrome does not affect the tactics of treatment of hypertension and regardless of the presence or presence of SSA, patients receive the same hypotensive therapy, which contradicts existing clinical guidelines.
Anemia of chronic diseases: current state of the problem and perspectives
Authors: Mironova Olga I. , Panferov Alexandr S.
Published: January 2023

Anemia of chronic diseases is a condition, that accompanies several chronic conditions, that have inflammation as an underlying cause. The article covers current concepts of pathogenesis, evaluation and treatment of this type of anemia. The new perspectives in the development of investigational methods and treatment are discussed. The new methods of iron deficiency assessment in patients with systemic inflammation are discussed separately.
Efficacy and safety of the use of alirocumab in real clinical practice
Authors: Korneva Viktoria A. , Kuznetsova Tatiana Y. , Scopets Inga S. , Vezikova Natalia N.
Published: January 2023

Aim. To evaluate the results of two-year use of alirokumab in Karelia Republic.
Materials and methods. The observation group consisted of 27 patients (17 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, 10 patients with the history of myocardial infarction), mean age 53.44.3 years, 70.3% men, follow-up duration from one year to 2.5 years, 18 (66.6%) patients received therapy for more than 2 years. 19 patients received alirocumab at a dose of 75 mg/ml once every 2 weeks, eight at a dose of 150 mg/ml once every 2 weeks. Before the start of therapy, the majority received maximally tolerated statin therapy, 10 patients received statin therapy in combination with ezetemibe, 3 patients received ezetemibe monotherapy due to statin intolerance. The target levels of LDL cholesterol were considered for very high risk patients less than 1.4 mmol/L, high risk less than 1.8 mmol/L, extreme risk less than 1 mmol/L.
Results. The reduction of LDL on therapy with alirocumab was 58%; target levels of LDL were achieved in 77.8%. The level of decrease in LDL cholesterol less than 50% was noted only in 7.4% of cases. Patients requiring a large dose of the drug were classified as very high risk, had higher cholesterol and LDL-C levels. The level of Lp(a) decrease on 29.7% by 612 months. No destabilization of coronary heart disease, new cases of stroke were registered.
Conclusion. The inclusion of alirocumab in the treatment regimen contributed to the stable course of atherosclerosis-associated diseases, the achievement of LDL cholesterol targets in 77.8% of patients, was not accompanied by side effects during 2.5 years therapy.
Dynamics of NT-proBNP and ST2 levels as markers of heart failure in patients with endogenous Cushing syndrome (hypercortisolism)
Authors: Kosharnaia Raisa S. , Belaya Zhanna E. , Zuraeva Zamira T. , Michurova Marina S. , Kalashnikov Victor Y.
Published: January 2023

Aim. To evaluate frequency of heart failure syndrome in patients with endogenous hypercortisolism and to establish relationship between effective treatment for hypercortisolism and regression of heart failure with particular emphasis on the observation of NT-proBNP and ST2 levels.
Materials and methods. 56 patients with endogenous hypercortisolism (45 female, mean age 47 years [36; 55] hospitalized with endogenous hypercortisolism to National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical investigation including expert echocardiography with speckle tracking and evaluation of NT-proBNP and ST2 cardiac biomarkers at baseline and 6 months after surgical treatment.
Results. According to clinical data and elevated biomarkers of cardiac stress 28 out of 56 patients (50%) at baseline met the criteria for heart failure. 20 patients were included in the final analysis. Follow-up investigation with focus on changes in NT-proBNP and ST2 levels demonstrated that surgical correction of endogenous hypercortisolism resulted in resolution of heart failure syndrome in 11 patients (55%).
Conclusion. These preliminary data suggest that signs and symptoms of heart failure are observed in patients with endogenous hypercortisolism in about half the cases. Surgical correction results in resolution of heart failure in approximately two thirds of the cases. Prospective evaluation NT-proBNP and ST2 levels may provide important diagnostic and prognostic information in patients with endogenous hypercortisolism.
Ferroptosis-associated lesion as a potential target for cardiovascular disease: A review
Authors: Podzolkov Valery I. , Tarzimanova Aida I. , Ponomareva Liubov A. , Popova Elena N. , Ponomarev Andrey B.
Published: January 2023

Cell death is an important feature of the development of multicellular organisms, a critical factor in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the mechanisms that control cell death is crucial to determine its role in the development of the pathological process. However, the most well-known types of cell death cannot fully explain the pathophysiology of heart disease. Understanding how cardiomyocytes die and why their regeneration is limited is an important area of research. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death that differs from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and other forms of cell death in terms of morphology, metabolism, and protein expression. Ferroptotic cell death is characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species resulting from lipid peroxidation and subsequent oxidative stress, which can be prevented by iron chelates (eg, deferoxamine) and small lipophilic antioxidants (eg, ferrostatin, liproхstatin). In recent years, many studies have been carried out on ferroptosis in the context of the development of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and other diseases. In addition to cardiovascular diseases, the review also presents data on the role of ferroptosis in the development of other socially significant diseases, such as COVID-19, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. With the study of ferroptosis, it turned out that ferroptosis participates in the development of bacterial infection associated with the persistence in the host body of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The review summarizes the recent advances in the study of ferroptosis, characterizing this type of cell death as a novel therapeutic target.
Vasoprotective effect of effective lipid-lowering therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Salyamova Ludmila I. , Khromova Angelina A. , Kvasova Olga G. , Avdeeva Irina V. , Borisova Natalia A. , Korenkova Karina N. , Polezhaeva Kristina N. , Oleynikov Valentin E.
Published: January 2023

Aim. To study the vasoprotective effects of atorvastatin depending on the achievement of the target level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) within 48 weeks of follow-up.
Materials and methods. Included were 112 STEMI patients who received atorvastatin 204080 mg. On days 79 from the onset of the disease, after 24 and 48 weeks, ultrasound examination of the carotid arteries with RF technology and applanation tonometry were performed, the lipid profile was determined. The patients were divided into groups: group 1 (n=41) of highly effective therapy (HET) who achieved the target LDL-C after 24 and 48 weeks; group 2 (n=29) in relatively effective therapy (RET) achieving target values at 24th or 48th week; group 3 (n=42) insufficiently effective therapy (IET) did not reach the target LDL-C.
Results. When examining the carotid arteries in the HET group, the intima-media thickness (IMT) decreased by 10.713.1%, the b index by 14.926.3% after 2448 weeks. In the RET group, the IMT regression was 10.413.3%; b index 23.9% by the 48th week. In the IET group, the b index decreased by the 48th week by 14.3%. According to applanation tonometry in the HET group, the central pressure did not change. In the RET group, systolic pressure in the aorta increased by 1015.7% after 2448 weeks, pulse pressure by 33.9% by the end of observation. With IET, the increase was 8.66.8 and 19.825.9%, respectively. The odds ratio of developing endpoints in the RET group was 4.7 (95% CI 1.226.4; p=0.02), in the IET group 3.9 (95% CI 1.124.8; p=0.03) compared with HET.
Conclusion. The most pronounced vasoprotective effect and a decrease in cardiovascular risk are associated with the achievement of the target LDL-C throughout the entire treatment period.
Clarithromycin for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: focus on anti-inflammatory properties
Authors: Sinopalnikov Alexander I. , Rachina Svetlana A. , Vasilyeva Irina S. , Pigusova Nina A. , Karpova Olga Y.
Published: January 2023

Aim. To evaluate clinical efficacy, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of clarithromycin in adults with severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP).
Materials and methods. A prospective observational study recruited adult hospitalized patients with verified sCAP. Clarithromycin was prescribed as a component of combination antibiotic therapy (ABT) with a -lactam antibiotic (AB). The choice of -lactam AB was carried out by the attending physician in accordance with national clinical guidelines and routine practice of the medical institution. Along with assessment clinical efficacy, the dynamics of inflammatory markers in blood serum was recorded: C-reactive protein, procalcitonin (PCT), tumor necrosis factor , interleukins 1-beta (IL-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The total duration of ABT was 714 days.
Results. Altogether 20 patients (13 males, 7 females) aged from 18 to 84 years old were enrolled. As a result of the use of combined ABT with -lactam AB and clarithromycin, a significant decrease in the level of C-reactive protein was noted by the 35th day of therapy (from 74.6 to 14.1 mg/l). An increase in serum PCT was observed in half of the patients; during treatment, the level of PCT significantly decreased. Similar dynamics was detected for IL-6 its content in the blood serum decreased by the time of the end of ABT by 6.8 times compared with the baseline. A decrease in the level of tumor necrosis factor to the reference value was observed in most patients already in the early stages by 35 days of ABT. The majority of patients showed positive dynamics of clinical signs and symptoms with resolution of respiratory failure and other complications of sCAP. In almost half of the patients, the criteria for clinical stability were achieved in the early stages, which made it possible to switch to oral ABT.
Conclusion. The results of the study are consistent with literature data indicating a rapid decrease in inflammatory markers when clarithromycin is administered to patients with sCAP. Its results can be a starting point for comparative randomized trials assessing both clinical outcomes and immunological parameters when using different classes of antibiotics for the treatment of sCAP.
Analysis of the applicability of correlation and regression models to assess the factors of aviation fuel supply to the remote Arctic regions of the Far North
Authors: Gorbunov V. P. , Samoylenko V. M. , Kuznetsov S. V. , Struchkova A. M.
Published: January 2023

Air transport for the Far East and the Far North is a strategically important mode of transport for most of its part and especially in the Arctic regions. Air transportation plays the most important social and economic role, providing the fastest connection with the rest of Russia and vital transport accessibility of the population of a strategically important region of the Russian Federation. Air transport plays a special role in the largest region of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which remains the most isolated and inaccessible region of the country. In the republic, aviation is the only year-round means of transport communication on 85% of the territory. At the same time, the most important factor affecting the year-round provision of transport accessibility for the vast majority of airports in the republic, and especially in the Arctic zone, is the delivery of the required amount of aviation fuel, provided that its consumer properties are preserved. The unique and complex scheme of aviation fuel delivery to the Arctic and remote areas of Yakutia, with up to nine transshipments, leads to the loss of some important parameters of aviation fuel, such as electrical conductivity, and forces airlines flying to the Arctic and remote areas of Yakutia to look for more optimal logistics ways of delivery, storage, ensuring the safety of properties and parameters of aviation fuel. Another factor that directly affects the year-round provision of transport accessibility of the population is the cost of jet fuel, which is about 30 % of the costs of base airlines, such as Yakutia Airlines, where at the base airport Yakutsk the cost of jet fuel in 2021 reached 88 thousand rubles per ton, provided refueling in the wing, with an average value for all airports Russia has about 58 thousand rubles per ton. At the same time, the cost of jet fuel at Arctic airports has approached or has already reached 100 thousand per ton. In order, to find solutions, the authors of this article used a research methodology based on factor analysis using the apparatus of economic and mathematical modeling of the problem of jet fuel delivery due to optimization of the logistics scheme of delivery to remote regions of the Arctic zone. By applying capability assessments correlation and regression analysis, estimation factors for the jet fuel supply chain optimization by optimizing the logistics scheme were carried out. As a result of the research and along with the proposed solutions of practical, technological and economic nature, a regression model is considered on the basis of which the most optimal options for the development of fuel supply of the Republic of Yakutia for air transport in the coming period can be suggested.
The effect of suspension parameters on the properties of the coating obtained by the slip method
Authors: Samoylenko V. M. , Paschenko G. T. , Samoylenko E. V. , Shestakov V. V.
Published: January 2023

The development of modern gas turbine engineering imposes increasingly high requirements for the properties of the alloys used, associated with an increase in gas temperature before the turbine. However, the applicable nickel alloys have low heat resistance at high temperatures. The solution to this problem is achieved through the joint use of a heat-resistant alloy that takes loads at high temperatures, and the application of protective coatings to ensure heat resistance. The coating and the heat-resistant alloy form a complex system. Each component of the system performs the primary and secondary functions in the operation, and the system must meet operational requirements. The choice of the applied coating and its application technology are quite complicated, since its structure and thickness depend on many factors, in particular, on the composition of the original components, temperature, and time parameters of its application, etc. This affects the performance of the formed coating under operating conditions. In recent years, slip coating methods specifically formed from aqueous suspensions have been successfully developed abroad and in our country. This method is technically simple and economical. The quality of the coating formed from the aqueous suspension is determined by the percentage of the suspension composition, its rheological and physical properties, compliance with the technology of its application and processing of parts. In order to understand the mechanism of coating formation from the aqueous suspension, it is necessary to imagine the effect of the suspension parameters on the coating properties. The article presents the results of the study carried out by the computational method of the influence of the aqueous suspension parameters on the quality of the coating obtained. The dependence of the coating thickness on the particle sizes of the powders introduced into the suspension is shown. Calculations of the density and thickness of the obtainable coating from the ratio of the solid and liquid phases of the aqueous suspension are presented. It is indicated that in a real suspension, the influence of the aqueous suspension parameters on the coating parameters being formed is more complex than when performing calculations. This is primarily associated with the fact that in a real suspension there are powder particles of various diameters, in particular aluminum. In addition, the interaction of orthophosphoric acid with the introduced oxides of aluminum, silicon, etc., having molecular dispersion, their chemical interaction complicates considering all these factors in calculations. However, the obtained results of the study allow us to assess the influence of the aqueous suspension composition parameters on the technological and service properties of the obtainable coating obtained by the slip method from this suspension.
To the risk management methodology of unmanned aircraft systems
Authors: Sharov V. D. , Kuznetsov V. L. , Polyakov P. M.
Published: January 2023

Operators of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), performing aeronautical work in accordance with the certification requirements of the Federal Aviation Regulations, are obliged to have a Flight Safety Management System (FSMS), the critical element of which is risk management. The utilization of the risk assessment methods and the development of corrective actions, used in manned aviation, is problematic due to the UAS operational characteristics. The article presents the FSMS methodology for UAS of category B (special category) based on the developments of JARUS group, established with EASA, to address the unmanned aviation operation issues. The proposed methodology integrates the SORA method provisions, developed by JARUS, and comprised into seven documents, into the unified logically related system with consideration to the specific traits of the Russian Federation Aviation legislation and the terminology adopted in the Russian Federation civil aviation. The key problem of assessing the expected effectiveness of risk management actions in the JARUS methodological guidelines does not have a complete solution.

The article proposes to solve the problem using professional evaluation by means of the hierarchy analysis method of the fuzzy set theory. This allows us to reasonably build the hierarchy of actions according to their impact on risk mitigation and to classify them into three categories. Such a classification is imperative to evaluate the applicability of actions depending on the amount of total risk. Although the UAS operation of category B is supposed to be performed in the segregated airspace, the methodology takes into consideration not only the risks of collision with objects on the ground but also mid-air collision risks with manned aircraft, since it is usually impractical to create the “ideal” segregated airspace. The proposed methodology can be utilized in the long view when developing risk management practices of UAS operation of category C in open skies.