bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF INSPIRATORY-TO-EXPIRATORY TIME RATIO AND AMPLITUDE OF OSCILLATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAGNITUDE OF DYNAMIC HYPERINFLATION AND HYPOINFLATION OF LUNGS DURING HFOV
Authors: Ort Václav , Roubík Karel
Published: June 2023

During high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), a situation may occur where the mean alveolar pressure (mPalv) differs significantly from the mean airway pressure (mPaw). Studies documenting the differences between these pressures during HFOV have documented states of both higher and lower mPalv compared to mPaw. The effect of HFOV parameters on the pressure difference is not yet understood. The aim of this study is to investigate how this phenomenon is affected by the ratio of inspiratory to expiratory time and the amplitude of HFOV oscillations (ΔP). The effect of the listed ventilation parameters was investigated in vitro in seven laboratory models and in vivo on nine pigs. The study found that an inspiratory to expiratory time ratio of 1:1 always results in a positive pressure difference between mPalv and mPaw, referred to as dynamic hyperinflation. At an inspiratory to expiratory ratio of 1:2 this pressure difference is negative in the majority of in vitro models of the respiratory system and in all animals. In addition, the study found that the magnitude of the pressure difference is affected by the ΔP. There is a critical value of ΔP at which the trend of the pressure gradient between the alveolar space and the airways is reversed in relation to the oscillation amplitude.
Political Islamic Movement in The East of Kurdistan (1979-2001)
Authors: Karim Soran A. , Mahmood Hoshmand A.
Published: June 2023

This research analyses the political Islamic movement in the East of Kurdistan between 1979-2001. In 1979, after the Iranian Nations revolution's success, a number of religious movements and organizations formed. A part of these organizations was working to establish a local Kurdish-Islamic authority. On the other hand, there were organizations working with Ayatollah Khomeini and the newly installed regime in Tehran, and others identifying themselves under the umbrella of international Muslim Brotherhood Organization. The method of this research is a history check and analysis relying on personal interviews, books, and scientific research related to this topic. The purpose of the research. We will intensely focus on the history and ideology of Maktabi Quran which is known as the special Kurdish movement. Also, the movement of the Muslim Brotherhood was under the impact of the internal Muslim Brotherhood and members of the same organization in the South of Kurdistan who is working under the name of Da’wa and Reform.
ئاڵای سپی‌و سپیپۆشی لەنێوان سیاسەت‌و پاشخانی ئایینیدا
Authors: كريم بەختيار عبد الله
Published: June 2023

لەگەڵ ئەوەی لەئایینی ئیسلامدا، واتە لە قورئان و لەلایەن خودی پێغەمبەر (د.خ)ەوە، هەروەها دواتریش لەسەردەمی خەلیفەكانی ڕاشدیشدا بەكارهێنانی ڕه‌نگێك بەسەر ڕه‌نگێكی دیكەدا زاڵنەكراوەو بۆ مەبەست و مەرامی سیاسی نەخراوەتە گەڕ، واتە بەكارهێنانی هیچ ڕه‌نگێك مەبەست‌ و ئامانجی سیاسی پێنەدراوە، هەروەها هیچ دەقێكی ئایینی لە ئارادا نەبووە ئاماژە بەباشتربوونی ڕه‌نگێك یان خراپی ڕه‌نگێك بدات، بەڵام لەگەڵ ئەوەشدا لەمێژووی سیاسی موسڵماناندا بەگەڕخستنی ڕه‌نگەكان لەخزمەتی ئامانجی سیاسیدا، بووەتە دیاردەیەكی ئاشكراو زەق، بۆ كاریگەرتربوونی پرسەكەش لەسەر كۆمەڵگە، دەسەڵاتی سیاسی و نەیارانی دەسەڵات پەنایان بۆ بەگەڕخستن‌ و بەكارهێنانی ئایین بردووە، هەتا پاشخانێكی ئایینی بۆ دروستبكرێت، بۆ ئەم مەبەستەش چەندین فەرموودە بەدەم پێغەمبەر و یارانییەوە هەڵبەستراوە، كە تا ئەمڕۆش لە یادەوەری كۆمەڵگە موسڵمانەكاندا كاریگەریی ‌و جێكەوتی هەیە. دەتوانین بڵێین دیاردەی بەكارهێنانی سیاسییانەی رەنگ لەمێژووی ئیسلامدا، دەگەڕێتەوە بۆ بانگەوازی عەبباسی، كە دوای سەركەوتنی و دامەزراندنی دەوڵەت، بەكارهێنانی رەنگی رەش تەنها بۆ ئاڵای دەوڵەتەكە نەبوو، بەڵكو پۆشینی رەنگی رەشی بەسەر دامەزراوەكانی دەوڵەت و كاربەدەست و بەرپرسەكاندا سەپاند. ئەم توێژینەوەیە هەوڵێكە بۆ خستنەڕووی پێگەی ڕه‌نگی سپی لە پاشخانی ئایینی موسڵمانان‌ و بەكارهێنانی سیاسییانەی لە ماوەی نێوان (132ك/750ز-358ك/969ز)دا، بە تیشكخستنەسەر بەهێماكردنی ڕه‌نگی سپی لەلایەن نەیارانی دەوڵەتی عەبباسییەوە، وەك ڕه‌نگێكی پێچەوانە بۆ ڕه‌نگی ڕەشی هێمای عەبباسییەكان ‌و دژایەتیكردنیان. توێژینەوەكە بۆ سێ تەوەرە دابەشكراوە، تەوەری یەكەم تایبەتە بە پرسی ئاڵای سپی‌ و سپیپۆشی لە پاشخانی ئایینی موسڵماناندا. تەوەری دووەم لە بەكارهێنانی ڕه‌نگی سپی وەك هێمای به‌ره‌نگاربوونه‌وه‌ی دەوڵەتی عەبباسی، دەدوێت. تەوەری سێیەم تەرخانكراوە بۆ بەكارهێنانی ئاڵای سپی‌و سپیپۆشی لە ڕاپه‌ڕینە عەلەوی‌ و ئێرانییەكاندا.
Kandungan Klorofil-a dan Karotenoid Pada Eucheuma cottoni yang Dibudidayakan Kedalaman Berbeda di Teluk Cina Pulau Lemukutan
Authors: Minsas Sukal , Nanda Aldhea Rachma , Nurdiansyah Syarif Irwan , Idiawati Nora , Siregar Sepridawati
Published: June 2023

Seaweed is one of the low-level plant species in the algae group that lives in water which carries out the process of photosynthesis and requires light. The purpose of this study was to see the content of chlorophyll-a and carotenoids at different depths and to determine the correlation between the content of chlorophyll-a and carotenoids with their physical and chemical parameters. This research was conducted in the waters of the Chinese Bay of Lemukutan Island. The method used in this cultivation is floating cages. The benefit of this research is to determine the optimal content of chlorophyll-a and carotenoids, as well as to provide information that can be studied in the Health and Pharmaceutical Sections. Seaweed cultivation is carried out for 50 days from February to April 2022 on Lemukutan Island. Eucheuma cottoni seaweed was cultivated at a depth of 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm. Measurement of chlorophyll-a and carotenoid content was carried out in the laboratory using a spectrophotometer and analyzed using ANOVA on SPSS. This study found that the chlorophyll-a content at a depth of 30 cm was 2.209 mg/g, at a depth of 60 cm was 1.706 mg/g, and at a depth of 90 cm was 1.970 mg/g. As for the carotenoid content, at a depth of 30 cm, it was 0.281 mg/g, at a depth of 60 cm, it was 0.275 mg/g and at a depth of 90 cm, it was 0.337 mg/g.  Rumput laut merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan tingkat rendah pada golongan alga yang hidup di air yang melakukan proses fotosintesis dan memerlukan cahaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat kandungan klorofil-a dan karotenoid terhadap kedalaman yang berbeda dan mengetahui korelasi antara kandungan klorofil-a dan karotenoid dengan parameter fisika dan kimianya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di perairan Teluk Cina Pulau Lemukutan. Metode yang dipakai dalam budidaya ini yaitu keramba apung. Manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan klorofil-a dan karotenoid yang optimal, serta memberikan informasi yang dapat dikaji dibagian Kesehatan dan farmasi.  Budidaya rumput laut ini dilakukan selama 50 hari dari bulan Februari-April 2022 di Pulau Lemukutan. Rumput laut Eucheuma cottoni dibudidayakan pada kedalaman 30 cm, 60 cm, dan 90 cm. Pengukuran kandungan klorofil-a dan karotenoid dilakukan di laboratorium menggunakan alat spektofotometri dan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA pada SPSS. Penelitian ini mendapatkan kandungan klorofi-a pada kedalaman 30 cm yaitu 2,209 mg/g, kedalaman 60 cm yaitu 1,706 mg/g, dan kedalaman 90 cm yaitu 1,970 mg/g. Sedangkan untuk kadungan karotenoid yaitu pada kedalaman 30 cm yaitu 0,281 mg/g, kedalaman 60 cm yaitu 0,275 mg/g dan kedalaman 90 cm 0,337 mg/g.
Biological Aspects and Feeding Habits of Spinetail Devil Ray (Mobula mobular) landed in the Palabuhanratu Nusantara Fishing Port
Authors: Novyanti Fahira Anggi , Oktaviyani Selvia , Ismail Moch. Rudyansyah , M.S. Yuniarti , Khan Alexander M.A
Published: June 2023

Optimal management of aquatic resources requires a good understanding of the biological aspects and other information related to these resources. This study was conducted to determine the biological aspects and feeding habits of Mobula mobular landed in the Palabuhanratu Nusantara Fishing Port. The research was conducted from September 2021 to May 2022. Data collected through a direct survey that included aspects of biology, stomach contents and information on fishing grounds. It was recorded that 21 individuals of M. mobular landed in the area during the study period. According to the Chi-Square test, the sex ratio between females and males is balanced with the growth pattern of M. mobular was negatively allometric. The male of M. mobular was generally found as immature individuals. The prey items identified in the stomachs belong to five groups: decapods, copepods, gastropods, Polychaeta, and others. Decapods were the most important prey (Index of Relative Importance 99,54%), while the other prey groups were only as complementary food. M. mobular is categorized as a plankton feeder. The fullness index value was 23.8%, while the vacuity index was 76.2% and categorized as relatively low fed. M. mobular is classified as an omnivorous animal that tends to be carnivorous with an animal preference with a trophic value of level 3.
Distribution and Growth Patterns of Crab (P. pelagicus) Based on Environmental Characteristics in Candi Waters, Pamekasan Regency, East Java Province
Authors: Maryani Leni , Bengen Dietriech Geoffrey , Nurjaya I Wayan
Published: June 2023

Blue swimming crab (BSC) is a fishery commodity with high economic value and great demand in domestic and foreign markets. P. pelagicus swimming crabs are commonly found in Indonesian sea waters, one of the largest contributors to the country's foreign exchange after shrimp and tuna. The high demand for blue crab resources will trigger an increase in fishing efforts. If this is done continuously, it is feared that it could endanger the population structure. Moreover, disrupting the sustainability of blue swimming crab resources in the waters, this study examines the morphometric distribution and growth pattern of P. pelagicus crabs based on environmental characteristics in Candi waters, Pamekasaan Regency. Census sampling was carried out using the census method; the census method was carried out by taking all crab samples caught by fishermen. The results obtained found 33 individual crabs, which were divided into three classes, namely small (<10 cm), medium (>10 cm), and large (>12 cm) size classes. Male crabs dominated the research locations with wider straps than female crabs. The analysis results show that the width-weight relationship's b values are 1.47 (males) and 2.00 (females). In addition, male and female crabs have a positive allometric growth pattern. Blue swimming crabs are often found in habitats with a substrate of dusty mud, high salinity and organic matter.
Bioconcentration of Chromium (Cr) on The Soft Tissue of Mussels (Perna viridis, Linnaeus 1758) in Tambak Lorok Waters, Semarang
Authors: Rudiyanti Siti , Suryanti Suryanti , Ain Churun
Published: June 2023

Industrial development provides economic benefits, but also increases the concentration of waste pollution which affects the aquatic environment of Tambak Lorok on the North Coast of Central Java. The existence of this waste will affect the life of the biota in it, such as mussels (Perna viridis). The heavy metal Chromium is the focus of research, considering that its presence in large quantities which accumulates in the human body causes health problems. The aims of the research were to determine the content of heavy metal Cr in the waters, sediments, and soft tissue of mussels, to determine the bioconcentration of heavy metal Cr in mussels, and to determine the tolerable intake of weekly consumption of the mussels cultivated in Tambak Lorok waters. The content of Cr in water samples, sediment, and mussel soft tissue was measured the APHA 3111B-2012 method, US EPA SW-846/3050 B-1996 SM 3111B-2012 method, and SSA method. The calculation of bioconcentration mussels, using the bioconcentration factor and Maximum Tolerable Intake. The heavy metal content of Cr in the water column was 0.015 – 0.025 mg.L-1 (upper the quality standard), in sediment was 25.12 – 28.72 mg.kg-1(lower the quality standard), and in the soft tissue of mussels was 0.155 – 0.265 mg/kg (upper the quality standard). The bioconcentration factor of metal Cr in mussels is classified as low, which is around 10.35 – 14. The maximum tolerable intake for mussels was 6,078 kg/week, it is considered safe for consumption.
Growth Performance of Scalloped Spiny Lobster (Panulirus homarus) Given Artificial Feed Based on Chicken Eggs Hatching Waste
Authors: Okta Natasya Cahya , Azhar Fariq , Scabra Andre Rachmat , Syukur Abdul , Amin Muhammad , Faturrahman Faturrahman
Published: June 2023

The availability of cheap and high nutritional value artificial feed is a prerequisite for the sustainability of lobster cultivation. In this study, the lobster feed formula was made based on chicken egg hatching waste and maggot flour. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of scalloped spiny lobsters with artificial feed treatment P1 (70% fish meal + 0% hatching waste), P2 treatment (50% fishmeal + 20% hatching waste), P3 treatment (30% fishmeal + 40% hatching waste), and P4 treatment (10% fishmeal + 60% hatchery waste). This study used lobster seedlings with a size of 1.5 - 3.5 cm which were kept for 60 days. Lobster performance is measured based on body weight, body length, growth rate, feed conversion, molting and lobster dilution rate. The data were analyzed descriptively by presenting mean, standard deviation, and statistical analysis using Duncan's advanced test. The results of the lobster performance study based on absolute length and weight in the P1 treatment were obtained 1.22±0.05 and 1.03±0.21; on P2 treatment obtained 1.31±0.16 and 1.16±0.09; P3 treatment obtained 1.37±0.37 and 1.47±0.13; and P4 treatment obtained 0.82±0.18 and 0.9±0.22. The calculation of the specific growth rate in the P1 treatment was obtained 0.56±0.09, the P2 treatment was obtained 0.69±0.21, the P3 treatment was obtained 0.73±0.16, and the P4 treatment was obtained 0.56±0.24. The ratio of feed conversion and lobster dilution shows a tendency to decrease as the concentration of chicken hatching waste increases. The growth performance of scalloped spiny lobsters fed with chicken egg hatching waste-based feed is quite good up to a concentration of 40% and if more than that will reduce the growth performance of lobsters.
Effect of different diets on growth performance, physiological response and behavior of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Rivaie Arief Rahman , Adiputra Yudha Trinoegraha , Setyawan Agus , Putro Dwi Handoko
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to know the effect of different feedings on growth performance, physiological responses, and behavioral changes of juvenile spiny lobsters. The experimental method used a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications. There were three different feeds used as treatment, namely: flesh mussel (K), commercial fish feed (I), and commercial shrimp feed (U). Feed is given as much as 30% of body weight, five times per day at 6:30 am, 12:00 pm, 4:00 pm, 9:00 pm, and 2:00 am. The results showed that the commercial feeding of fish (I) significantly (P<0.05) increased the survival rate and biomass of spiny lobster for 54.17% and 141.7 g, respectively. While fresh mussel give better growth and stress response, but had the lowest survival rate. The results of the physiological response test of lobster were more effective in suppressing lobster stress levels than other treatments (P<0.05). The behavior of juvenile spiny lobsters showed a very striking color difference and reflex impairment scores, which indicated that the vitality of the treated juveniles (I) was better than the vitality of the treatments (K) and treatment (U). This study shows that commercial fish feed (I) is recommended for maintaining spiny lobsters in the juvenile phase, although it needs further maintenance by using an appropriate feed formulation to improve the growth performance of spiny lobsters.
Identification of Sea Level Rise and Land Subsidence Based on Sentinel 1 Data in the Coastal City of Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Andari Lessy , Sugianto Denny Nugroho , Wirasatriya Anindya , Ginanjar Satria
Published: June 2023

Sea level rise is a pure impact of climate change. However, the process of studying sea level rise must include local factors that influence such as land subsidence. This study focuses on sea level rise using the CEEMDAN method and land subsidence using the DInSAR method. The location of this research is Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia. Tidal data used in this study was for five years, from 2016 to 2020, obtained from the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG). Then the data used to study land subsidence in this study uses Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2020. Pekalongan is an area with mixed diurnal tidal types with Formzahl number 1.7. The sea level rise in Pekalongan is relatively high, at 10.6 mm/year. Then the land subsidence that occurred in Pekalongan is the phenomenon that has the most influence on the occurrence of coastal flooding in the region. The average land subsidence on the coast of Pekalongan is 5.37 cm/year. In addition, the sampling results in 6 areas showed that the most significant decrease was in Area 2, with a decrease of -7.91 cm/year. Based on this research, land subsidence is the most considerable influence on flooding in Pekalongan compared to sea level rise.
Immune Profile of Litopenaeus vannamei in Monoculture and IMTA Ponds System
Authors: Suryono Chrisna Adhi , Yudiati Ervia , Azhar Nuril
Published: June 2023

Integrated Multi Trophic Level (IMTA) is identified as the integrating culture of multi-species in one area. The effectiveness of space and feed is the main aspect from this point. The disease and health of shrimp management on shrimp production including immune boosters plays a critical aspect. The aim of this research is to determine and analyze the Litopenaeus vannamei immune system in different culture systems, namely polyculture (IMTA) and monoculture. Alginate was applied as supplementation diet by oral administration. The cellular and humoral immune parameters ie. Total hemolymph Count (THC), Phagocyte Activity (PA), Phagocyte Index (PI), Phenoloxidase activity (PO), and Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were assessed, monthly. A completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatments (IMTA and monoculture, and four replications in 500 m2 pond area was conducted. In the third month, THC and PA of shrimp from the monoculture pond resulted in significant differences (p<0.05) compared to polyculture (IMTA). SOD activity from monoculture is significantly higher (p<0.05) at every sampling period. In PO enzyme activity of shrimps from monoculture pond produced higher results compared to IMTA ponds in the 2nd and 3rd months. It is concluded that L. vannamei monoculture ponds produced higher immune parameters compared to IMTA ponds. The food competition in terms of feed and space from IMTA ponds may affect this fact. Improving the feeding technique is recommended.
The Composition of Portunus pelagicus on the Fishing Ground Area of Danasari Waters, Pemalang Regency
Authors: Redjeki Sri , Nuraini Ria Azizah Tri , Endrawati Hadi
Published: June 2023

Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is one of the most economically valuable marine products in Indonesia. The crabs productivity was generally still dependent on the population in the wild. Danasari Village is one of the main crab producers in Pemalang Regency. The daily fishing crab activities by fisherman direct an impact on decreasing of the natural crabs resources. This study determined the crabs composition in the fishing ground where usually spotted by the Danasari crab fisherman. This research obtained the information of a composition of female and male crabs, carapace width distribution, growth characterized, and the egg-berried female number. This study conducted on May to July 2022. The result in this research was a male crabs were dominated than females. The carapace width was generally amount 92-112 mm, while the growth characteristic of blue swimming crabs was negative allometric. The female crab gonad maturity was dominated by 2nd level gonad maturity, while the egg-berried female crabs were found 21 crabs totaled from 14 spot fishing grounds. Based on the carapace width distribution, there are a lot of blue swimming crab with undersized in shallow-depth fishing sites, while the crab size mostly above 100 mm already found at each spot in this research. The highest egg-berried female percentage was found at spot 7th and 13rd, where the female crabs at 7th spot were bigger carapace than at 13rd spot areas. These results indicated that crab resources in Danasari Waters and surround area were indicated potentially overfished, proven with undersized berried-female crabs. The management efforts will conduct an environmentally friendly fishing gear, regarding the policy of ministry regulating as to keep crab resources sustainable. In addition, scheduling rules for fishing activities can also be tested to be applied.
Optimization Extraction of Sunflower Seed Oil (Helianthus Annus) Using Factorial Design Experiment with Soxhlation Method
Authors: Shabrina Shabrina , Wisnu Broto R.TD.
Published: June 2023

Sunflower seed oil is one type of vegetable oil whose growth is still in its early stages in Indonesia. Due to a shortage of domestic availability, several edible oil enterprises in Indonesia still need to import a significant amount of sunflower seed oil. Rukmana (2004) states that the content of sunflower oil's content ranges from 23 to 45%. 11.7% oleic acid and 44-72% linoleic acid are both present in sunflower oil. The goal of this study was to identify the best process factors in light of the obtained oil yield. This study's used Fractional Design Experiment 23 with Quicker Method analysis. The results showed that the optimal operating conditions were an extraction time of 185 min, temperature of 60 ℃, and material-solvent ratio of (R) of 1:6, yielding an oil of 51.6%.
Optimization of Soxhlet Extraction of Candlenut Oil (Aleurites moluccana (L.) willd) Using Factorial Experimental Design Level 23
Authors: Fachrina Salsabila , Broto R.TD Wisnu
Published: June 2023

Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana (L.) wild) is a plant of the Euphorbiceae family. Candlenut oil is obtained by extracting the oil content in candlenut seeds. Soxhlation is an effective method for solvent extraction, ensuring continuous contact between the solvent and the material to extract the oil efficiently while maintaining the purity of the solvent. In this study, optimization of candlenut oil extraction was carried out using the factorial experimental design level 23. Using this method, it can be determined that the extraction time is the most influential variable in the candlenut oil extraction process. The results showed that the optimum operating conditions were an extraction time of 185 min, a candlenut seed powder size of 20 mesh, and a ratio of material-solvent ratio of 1:6 g/g, resulting in an oil yield of 43.2%. The analysis of candlenut oil conducted at an extraction time of 185 min revealed the following results: a refractive index value of 1.4736, a moisture content of 0.08% bb/b, which complies with the standard SNI 01-4462-1998 for candlenut oil, a viscosity of 15.47 Cp, and a density of 0.869 g/mL. The analysis of the free fatty acid number of 2.4%bb/b and saponification number of 181.55 mg KOH/g is not consistent with SNI 01-4462-1998 candlenut oil.
The Effect of Composite Flour Ratio (Cassava, Gembili, Koro Pedang, and Corn) and Extrusion Temperature on Analog Rice Production
Authors: Sumardiono Siswo , Novitasari Arsy , Awaliyah Fiky Zakiyatul , Meganingtyas Wahyudita
Published: June 2023

The growing population affects an increasing number of Indonesian people, influencing their rice consumption and encouraging Indonesia to import rice. One of the alternatives is to use raw materials such as potential non-rice tubers. In this study, raw material composite flour was made from cassava (Manihot esculenta), gembili (Dioscorea esculenta), koro pedang (Canavalia ensiformis), and corn (Zea mays), which is the basic ingredient of rice maker analog. This research aimed to examine the influence of the raw material composition on the value of nutrients, the physical-chemical properties of analog rice compared to a rice paddy, and the best temperature of analog rice using organoleptic tests. The process of producing analog rice consists of several stages of research, including the manufacturing of composite flour, the cooking of dough with composite flour, the production of analog rice, and the drying of analog rice. Based on the results, samples of 5 (60% cassava flour, 5% gembili flour, 10% koro pedang, and 25% corn flour) as an analog of rice with the best formulations in various compositions. Based on a proximate analysis of the effect of temperature, a temperature of 75 °C is the optimum temperature for the extrusion process. The results of the physical analysis of the best analog rice in this study have a density of 0.46 g/mL, water absorption of 60.52%, and a cooking time is 46 minutes. The analog rice has the same texture, aroma, and appearance as rice in general, although the rice from the analog composite flour tends to have a savory flavor arising from koro pedang. According to the results of this study, the analog rice could be used as a substitute to lessen dependence on paddy rice.
The Effect of Moisture Content on Reducing the Free Fatty Acid Content of Nyamplung Seed Oil (Callophylum inophyllum) Using Factorial Design Method
Authors: Pambayun Faizal , Broto R. TD. Wisnu
Published: June 2023

Nyamplung seeds (Calophyllum inophyllum) have an oil content of 50–70%, in Indonesia nyamplung seeds have a high productivity of 20 t/ha. The process of extracting nyamplung seed oil chemical process produces a higher yield than mechanical. Extraction was collected using the soxhletation extraction method because the oil can be extracted perfectly and requires little solvent. The FFA content is very high, ranging from 15-30% which causes high oil quality to decrease. The high FFA content is due to the high % water content (23-25%) in nyamplung seeds, which causes a hydrolysis process where triglycerides dissociate in the presence of water, glycerol and FFA. The research variables are the moisture content of nyamplung seeds (8% and 12%), the size of the material (15 and 25 mesh), and the ratio of the material to the solvent (1:4 and 1:6) using the factorial design method for research optimization using variable moisture content Nyamplung seed is 8%, size is 20 mesh, and raw material to solvent ratio is 1:5. Novelty value research is effect of % water content on reduction of free fatty acid(FFA) levels contained nyamplung seed oil. Whereas in previous research Adenuga et al., (2021) % water content was not the main parameter for reducing free fatty acid levels. But the main parameters are only drying temperature and oven temperature. FFA content without reducing the % water content of 24 mg KOH/g Jahirul et al. (2015) and 29.2 mg KOH/g Hasibuan et al. (2013) whereas the results of the study showed an FFA level of 13.30%, which means that there was a decrease in FFA levels directly proportional to the decrease in the moisture content of nyamplung seeds.
Pretreatment of Used Cooking Oil Using Avocado Seed Adsorbent for Biodiesel Production Preparation
Authors: Dali Nasriadi , Dali Seniwati , Chairunnas Armadi , Amalia Hilda Ayu Melvi , Puspitasari Sri Ayu Andini
Published: June 2023

Used cooking oil (UCO) can be used as raw material for biodiesel production, but its free fatty acid (FFA) content is still quite high, so it is necessary to do pretreatment in the form of an adsorption process to reduce FFA levels. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions for the adsorption process and determine FFA levels of UCO before and after pretreatment. The adsorbent used is avocado seed activated charcoal, because it has a surface area of 19.62 m2/g. The larger the surface area of the adsorbent material, the greater the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. Optimization of the UCO adsorption process includes variations in adsorbent mass (6, 8, 10 g), adsorbent particle size (60, 100, 140 mesh), contact time (2, 6, 10 hours), and temperature (60, 80, 100oC). The results showed that the optimum conditions for adsorption of UCO were obtained at mass (10 g), particle size (100 mesh), contact time (6 h), and temperature (80oC). This condition can reduce the FFA content of UCO by 71.64% (w/w), from 5.29% (w/w) to 1.50% (w/w). The FFA content of UCO [1.50% (w/w)] produced after pretreatment was qualified as a raw material for the preparation of biodiesel production through the transesterification stage.
Valorization of red ginger hydrodistillation wastes as foot sanitizers
Authors: Dante Puntigavere , Mardawati Efri , Ningrum Riska Surya , Dewantoro Awaly Ilham , Munajat Munajat
Published: June 2023

Red ginger is known as one of the medicinnal and aromatic plants that have high value in the form of essential oils. The distillation of red ginger essential oils required large amounts of water, and then most of the water was disposed of as wastewater. This wastewater is known as hydrosol, which still contains a small amount of essential oils and secondary metabolites such as zingiberene and geraniol. These compounds were considered to have the potential to be utilized in cosmetic products such as foot sanitizers. The aim of this study was to evaluate a foot sanitizer product based on red ginger hydrosol that combined with coffee extracts based on its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the physical characteristics of the product. Foot sanitizer was produced in three formulations with different concentration (in percentage) of red ginger hydrosols and coffee extracts consist of F1 (45:25), F2 (35:35), and F3 (25:45). The results showed the F3 formulation provided the largest antibacterial inhibition (2.89±0.60 mm) compared to other formulations. The F3 formulation has a physical characteristics such as coffee scent aroma, a dark brown color, a pH of 5.5, a density of 960.73 kg/m3 and has a weak antibacterial activity. Based on the comparison results with previous studies, the utilization of coffee extracts in red ginger hydrosols-based foot sanitizer needs to be substitued with other natural extracts, especially having a strong antibacterial activity. It should be carried out to increase the potential value of valorizing red ginger hydrosols as foot sanitizer.
Pengaruh Daya Microwave Terhadap Pembuatan Biodiesel Dengan Katalis Fly Ash/Na2O Menggunakan Iradiasi Microwave
Authors: Oko Syarifuddin , Mattanggung Citra Natali Kasih , Aulia Muhammad Naufal , Firdaus Reza
Published: June 2023

Minyak goreng yang telah digunakan berkali-kali akan mengalami penurunan kualitas sehingga tidak layak lagi untuk digunakan kembali. Saat ini telah ditemukan metode baru untuk pengolahan biodiesel ramah lingkungan dari limbah minyak goreng yakni dengan menggunakan gelombang mikro. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi daya alat microwave terhadap rendemen, densitas, viskositas kinematik, dan kadar air biodiesel yang dihasilkan berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia Nomor 7182:2015 Tentang Biodiesel. Proses dilakukan menggunakan reaksi esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi untuk pembentukan metil esternya dengan bantuan katalis fly ash/Na2O. Pembuatan katalis dilakukan dengan melakukan impregnasi pada fly ash batu bara menggunakan NaOH dengan proses pemanasan di dalam furnace selama 1 jam pada temperatur 750 oC. Daya alat gelombang mikro yang digunakan adalah 180, 300, 450, 600, dan 800 watt dengan waktu reaksi selama 4 menit dan katalis fly ash/Na2O sebanyak 15 gram. Pembuatan biodiesel menggunakan acuan Standar Nasional Indonesia Nomor 7182:2015 Tentang Biodiesel, dengan rincian syarat mutu biodiesel berupa densitas biodiesel pada 40 oC berada pada rentang 850 – 890 kg/m3, viskositas kinematik pada 40 oC berada pada rentang 2,3 – 6,0 mm2/s (cSt), dan kadar air dan sedimen maksimal sebanyak 0,05 % volume, sehingga karakteristik biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari seluruh variasi daya di luar standar biodiesel yang berlaku.   Cooking oil that has been used many times will experience decrease in quality and no longer suitable for compsumtion. Currently, a new method has been invented for processing enviromentally friendly biodiesel from waste cooking oil by using microwaves. The purposes of this research are to determine effect of varying the microwave power on the rendement, denisty, kinematic viscosity, and water residue of the biodiesel based on Indonesian National Standard Number 7182:2015 About Biodiesel. Using esterification and transesterification reaction to form methyl ester and using fly ash/Na2O as catalyst. Catalyst was prepared by impregnation coal fly ash with NaOH with heating process using furnace for 1 hour at 750 oC. Microwaves power that used was 180, 300, 450, 600, and 800 watts with 4 minutes reaction time and 15 grams fly ash/Na2O catalyst. The production of biodiesel refers to Indonesian National Standard Number 7182:2015 About Biodiesel, with details of biodiesel quality requirements density at 40 oC in the range of 850 – 890 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity at 40 oC in the range of 2,3 – 6,0 mm2/s (cSt), and maximum water residue is 0,05 % volume, so that the characteristics of the biodiesel from all power variations still out of the standards.
Diverging into the Untranslatable. George Steiner, Paul Ricœur and François Jullien
Authors: Chamat Natalie
Published: June 2023

George Steiner famously declared that, after Babel, all understanding is translating. Poetry and philosophy turn out to pose the challenge of untranslatability. In my paper, I map out the complex intertwining of translation and hermeneutics, including the interplay of interpretation. Moving from Steiner’s fidelity cycle to Ricœurs linguistic hospitality, a shift of accent from the concepts of difference, identity and universality towards distance and encounter can be observed. With regard to translation as metaphor, understanding metaphor, the necessity of reflecting upon one’s own language is taken into account. To challenge untranslatabilities and rethink the ‘living’ aspect of translation Jullien’s divergence into the possible polarity of reliability and sincerity proposes an opening.
Who is Afraid of François Jullien? Some Thoughts on the Political and Philosophical Implications of an “Untimely” Thinking
Authors: Marchal Kai
Published: June 2023

In my essay, I critically discuss the work of the French philosopher and sinologist François Jullien. First, I reconstruct the social and political context from which Jullien’s thinking emerged in the late 1970 s and 1980 s. Second, I analyze a number of philosophical and sinological premises underlying his interpretation of Chinese and European thought. By comparing his interpretation of traditional Chinese thought with other approaches, it is possible to get a better understanding of Jullien’s creative appropriation of the other. I conclude by pointing out perspectives for future research.
Revolution, Transformation and the Role of the Subject
Authors: Dunaj Ľubomír
Published: June 2023

In order to understand today’s social and political situation in East-Central Europe, one should particularly examine the consequences of post-socialist transformation. The negative and often very painful effects of the social changes that affected Central and Eastern Europe over the past three decades have not been overcome until today. This makes it all the more important to be better prepared philosophically for future social changes. François Jullien offers a number of solutions. In the first part of my paper, taking Jullien’s book The Silent Transformations as a point of departure, I show that many of the problems that still exist in East-Central Europe largely result from placing too much emphasis on the event of the revolution and too little on the transformation experienced by the region’s populations. In the second and third parts, I indicate, pace Jullien, a way towards a moderate, “sober”, but nevertheless creative and productive understanding of the active agent by appealing to the works of Hans-Herbert Kögler and Fabian Heubel.
Social Justice Movements: Fighting for a better tomorrow
Authors: Masood Hassan
Published: June 2023

Social justice movements are an essential factor in driving change and ensuring equity for everyone. Globally, there are several issues prevailing that do not receive adequate attention, which causes victims to suffer. Social justice implies the idea that everyone deserves equal rights and access to good health. Unified societal efforts have the potential to tackle large-scale problems across the globe. This infographic aims to raise awareness regarding some of the issues the world is facing and presents society-driven movements as a way of calling attention to the problems and finding pathways to solutions. Examples of successful movements are mentioned in this infographic, and statistics shown prove that collective efforts are needed to ensure a safe space for everyone. This infographic also provides vital information regarding the funds raised for three movements and the number of individuals taking part in fighting for the cause.
Effects of knowledge about tuberculosis on its prevalence in Inuit communities in Nunavut, Northern Canada
Authors: Masood Hassan
Published: June 2023

Rising tuberculosis cases are a global health issue that the United Nations Member States have committed to eradicating by 2030. In developed countries such as Canada, TB affects Indigenous populations disproportionately. Inuit people have 300 times greater risk of TB infections compared to non-Indigenous people. Due to Canada's colonial history, Indigenous people remain underrepresented in healthcare. Therefore, this research proposal aims to understand the link between the lack of access to resources, such as knowledge about tuberculosis and the rising TB cases, among Inuit people in Northern Canada. It is hypothesized that due to marginalization and cultural ignorance, preventative measures are not accessible to Inuit people and can influence the high transmission of the disease. Based on the results of the inclusive design of this research, future studies can aim to help voice the concerns of Indigenous people and advocate for their right to access equitable healthcare.
Efficacy of Scalp Cooling in the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Alopecia Among Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Masood Hassan
Published: June 2023

Alopecia refers to hair loss, which is a common side-effect of chemotherapy regimens for cancer. Anthracyclines and taxanes are the common anticancer drugs prescribed within chemotherapy that result in significant alopecia. Scalp cooling is identified to be an effective method that prevents chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) in patients. This method has been present since 1974; however, novel technologies have enhanced the efficacy via modern scalp-cooling devices. By maintaining a low scalp temperature, vasoconstriction aids in the reduced absorption of anticancer drugs into the bloodstream, which reduces intrafollicular metabolism. Randomized controlled trials conducted recently found statistically significant results, evidencing the hair preservation and hair regrowth abilities yielded via scalp cooling. These results attracted the attention of researchers due to the treatment success and the patient safety aspect of the process. Extensive scientific research reveals that alopecia affects the perceptions of patients regarding their body image and lowers their self-esteem significantly. Furthermore, the quality of life of alopecia patients is reduced due to public stigmatization. The effectiveness of scalp cooling in preventing CIA is of high significance as it can help improve patient outcomes of patients undergoing chemotherapy and their mental well-being.
ComSciConCAN and the Positive Impacts on STEM Graduate Students’ Confidence and Sense of Belonging
Authors: Mostaghim Saba , Moisse Katie , Silver Adina
Published: June 2023

Background: Although Science Communication (SciComm) is a growing field, there currently exist a large number of undergraduate- and graduate- level SciComm training programs worldwide. Two noted benefits of such programs are improvement in SciComm confidence and sense of belonging. ComSciConCAN is a graduate level SciComm conference; no studies have previously looked into the impacts of this conference, which encouraged us to initiate this study.   

Purpose: To explore the impacts of ComSciConCAN on the participants’ confidence in communicating with other scientists and the general public, and their sense of belonging in their current STEM programs and SciComm activities 

Methods: ComSciConCAN-2021 participants were asked to complete pre- and post- workshop surveys. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel, and unpaired t-test statistical analysis was conducted (when applicable) using Graphpad.

Results: With regards to confidence, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the mean levels reported for all three cases pre- versus post- conference. Regarding sense of belonging, 65% and 83% of the participants reported at least “somewhat agreeing” that the workshops will help improve this in their current STEM program and SciComm activities, respectively. 

Conclusion: The conference did have a positive impact on the participants’ SciComm confidence and senses of belonging.
The Relationship between β-blockers and Mental Health
Authors: Joshi Yash , Mammarella Bianca
Published: June 2023

Beta-blockers (β-blockers) are pharmacotherapeutics that have been used to treat patients with cardiovascular symptoms since their discovery in the 1960s. They work by targeting B1 and B2 receptors which are involved the stress response, which consequently lead to reduced activation of the “flight-or-fight mechanism”. It has also been noticed that β-blockers can be beneficial in treating anxiety disorders and other mental health complications. Currently, the only approved drugs for anxiety and other mental health conditions include benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Historically, there has been strong resistance to the use of β-blockers in mental health treatment because of the prevalence of depressive symptoms during treatment. Recently, a growing number of studies have seen that there is no strong relationship between β-blockers and depression in patients. Although there are still other adverse effects related to the usage of β-blockers, investigating the relationship between depressive symptoms and β-blockers may suggest a potential therapeutic option in mental health treatments. This review explores the history of β-blockers, their mechanism of action, developments in their use as a mental health treatment and current approved pharmacotherapeutics for mental health.
Mainstreaming Justice in the Establishment of Laws and Regulations Process: Comparing Case in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Australia
Authors: Rodiyah Rodiyah , Idris Siti Hafsyah , Smith Robert Brian
Published: June 2023

This paper compares the cases of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Australia to examine how these countries incorporate principles of justice in the establishment of laws and regulations. It explores the significance of mainstreaming justice in lawmaking, emphasizing equitable representation, fair access to justice, and human rights considerations. The analysis highlights the legal frameworks and institutional structures in each country. In Indonesia, the role of the Constitutional Court and stakeholder involvement in the legislative process are examined. Malaysia's constitutional framework and efforts to address ethnic and religious diversity, as well as the role of judicial review, are discussed. Australia's common law system emphasizes parliamentary scrutiny, public consultations, and protection of individual rights through the High Court and parliamentary committees. This study provides insights into the diverse approaches and challenges faced by these countries in mainstreaming justice in their lawmaking processes. It contributes to understanding how justice can be effectively integrated into laws and regulations, offering valuable insights for policymakers and legal practitioners seeking to promote justice in legislative contexts.
Registration of Copyright as Guarantee of Batik Motif Legal Protection (Comparation Study of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand)
Authors: Balik Agustina , Hetharie Yosia , Uktolseja Novyta , Anggia Putri , Tulaseket Revivo
Published: June 2023

This study aims to identify and analyze the legal protection of Kei batik motifs through copyright registration and the role of local governments in providing legal protection for these Kei batik motifs. This research is a sociolegal research, which is a combination research method between doctrinal legal research methods and empirical legal research methods. Based on the results of the research, Camelia Batik Kei's business raised batik motifs based on the philosophical customs and culture of the people of the Kei Islands. In the aspect of intellectual property rights, Batik Kei has not been touched at all either through the awareness of the business actors themselves or the local government. Even though the Kei Batik motif with the traditional and cultural characteristics of the Kei people is very promising from the aspect of business development, that's why legal protection through registration of intellectual property rights in the field of copyright is very important. The Government of Indonesia, should also play an important role in terms of contributing through mentoring and empowering businesses of this kind which of course do not only provide economic and moral benefits to creators but also to the region and the people of Kei. When compared to neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Thailand which also have works of art in the form of batik, Indonesia has a variety of batik motifs with different styles between regions. Therefore, good legal protection is needed so that it is not claimed by other parties or even other countries.
Development of a Restitution Model in Optimizing Legal Protection for Victims of Human Trafficking in Indonesia
Authors: Angkasa Angkasa , Hendriana Rani , Wamafma Filep , Juanda Ogiandhafiz , Nunna Bhanu Prakash
Published: June 2023

This study aims to develop a model for the effective implementation of restitution criminal sanctions against individuals involved in trafficking in persons. The findings of this research hold strategic significance in terms of providing legal protection to victims and enhancing the concept of restitution. The study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of imposing restitution sanctions on traffickers through judicial decisions in Indonesia. By employing a sociological juridical approach, this research examines legal norms and court rulings pertaining to prosecutors' charges against individuals involved in trafficking crimes. The analysis of these judicial decisions reveals that out of the cases reviewed, only seven included restitution sanctions, and none of the perpetrators fulfilled their restitution obligations. Instead, the offenders prioritized serving prison sentences over compensating the victims. Consequently, it is essential for prosecutors to prioritize the prosecution of perpetrators under the Law on the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Individuals. Furthermore, judges should consider utilizing the Law on the Eradication of Non-Criminal Persons and emphasizing imprisonment as an alternative to restitution.