bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Abandoning Agricultural Land Use on Hydrophysical Properties of Sandy Soil
Authors: Hewelke Edyta
Published: March 2019

Soil water repellency can significantly degrade its agricultural utility and bring aboutnegative environmental consequences (i.e., reduced infiltration capacity, enhanced overland flow,increased erosion rates, and water infiltration occurred in irregular patterns). The presented studyaimed to establish whether excluding albic Podzols from agricultural production and theirspontaneous inhabitation by a pine tree stand affected their hydrophysical properties. Studies withthe application of the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test showed that a change in the landuse increased the potential water repellency of the surface layer (horizon A) and caused itschangeover from strongly repellent class (Class 2) to extremely repellent (Class 5). The relationshipbetween soil moisture content and wettability made it possible to determine the critical soil moisturecontent (CSMC) for the occurrence of the phenomenon of water repellency. It was confirmed thatthe CSMC value increased along with a change in use. For the site under arable use, it was 9–10vol.%, whereas for the site formerly under arable use and currently covered predominantly by apine tree stand, a value in the range of 14–16 vol.% was reached. A laboratory experiment on surfacerunoff of the soil formerly under arable use showed that over half of the rainfall may be transformedinto surface runoff as a result of occurring water repellency. This means that exceeding the criticalsoil moisture content makes the recharge of soil retention difficult and may significantly influencethe water balance of soil, as well as increasing its susceptibility to drought.
Genome‐wide Identification and in silico Analysis of PHT1 Family Genes and Proteins in Setaria viridis: The Best Model to Study Nutrient Transport in Millets
Authors: Ceasar S. Antony
Published: March 2019

Millets are small‐seeded cereals predominantly cultivated and consumed by millions of poor people living in developing countries in Asia and Africa. Limited availability of genomic resources hinders studies of nutrient transport in millets. Two Setaria species, foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] and its wild relative green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.], are considered to be suitable models to study the genomics of other millets. Understanding the nutrient mobilization of millets is essential for improving nutrient use efficiency and biofortification in millets and other cereal crops. Millets are adapted for low‐input agriculture, so understanding and improving the phosphate use efficiency of these plants is important because (i) subsistence farmers cannot afford to buy expensive phosphate fertilizers and (ii) the phosphate rock used for phosphate fertilizer production is depleting quickly. In this minireview, I discuss various studies on nutrient transport in millets and highlight phosphate transport studies. I report the identification and phylogenetic and multiple sequence analyses of 12 PHosphate Transporter1 (PHT1) family genes and proteins of green foxtail for the first time. With the exception of SvPHT1;5, all other green foxtail PHT1 transporters are closely clustered with foxtail millet PHT1 transporters. The multiple sequence analysis of SvPHT1s revealed that the key residues involved in phosphate and H‐binding and transport are well conserved, as in other PHT1 transporters. Efforts need to be undertaken to understand and improve phosphate uptake and utilization in millets to strengthen food security in the developing world.
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF INITIALLY CURVED THIN-WALLED BARS/PLONASIENIŲ KREIVŲ STRYPŲ JAUTRUMO ANALIZĖ
Authors: Chodor Leszek , Bijak Roman
Published: March 2019

Darbe siūloma nauja trimačcių kreivų plonasienių konstrukcijų (arba sistemų) jantrumo analizės metodika. Laikoma, kad konstrukcijos dirba tamprioje stadijoje, tačiau gali patirti didelius poslinkius ir posūs. Konstrukcijos jautrumas bazinių kintamųjų (pavyzdžiui, jėgų, geometrijos ar medžiagų parametrų) pokyčių atžvilgiu nustatomas tiesioginio diferencijavimo metodu, standartine Zienkiewicz ir Taylor pasiūlyta prieaugių procedūra.

Siūlomi metodai iliustruojami trimačio kreivo plonasienio strypo pavyzdžiu Stiypo matematiniame modelyje įvertintos skersinės šlyties bei skerspjūvio susukimo deformacijos. Parodyta, kad siūloma metodika tinkama modeliui realizuoti baigtinių elementų metodu. Strypo baigtinis elementas fonnuojamas virtualaus darbo principu. Išvestos visų baigtinio elemento struktūrinių matricų išraiškos.
INVESTIGATIONS INTO PROPERTIES OF MINERAL WOOL SLABS OF INCREASED STIFFNESS MANUFACTURED OF A LARGE—SIZE BEAM/PADIDINTO STANDUMO MINERALINĖS VATOS PLOKŠČIŲ, PAGAMINTŲ IŠ SUFORMUOTO STAMBIŲ GABARITŲ MASYVO, SAVYBĖS
Authors: Šakmanas Aloyzas
Published: March 2019

The article presents the results of experimental investigations into non-uniformity of bulk density distribution, compressive strength, heat conductivity, and completion of binders polycondensation in slabs manufactured from a large-size mineral wool beam (its width B = 1000 mm and thickness H = 500 mm).

The non-uniformity of bulk density was investigated as in a beam (for this purpose from different places of a beam there were cut samples with a thickness d = 120 mm), as in slabs (their length L = 1000 mm and width H = 500 mm). For such a purpose samples or slabs were cut after scheme (Fig 1) determining bulk density of each paralellepiped gi-j . The non-uniformity of bulk density was evaluated by values K H and K V , representing a relative departure from beam or slab bulk density gm. These values were calculated after formulae (1) and (2) where gi is the i-th vertical layer bulk thickness; gj is the j-th horizontal layer bulk thickness, n is number of vertical layers, m is number of horizontal layers. Variation of values K H and K V shows that relative departure from slab or beam bulk density does not exceed ± 20% (Fig 2).

Comparing our experimental data with standard GOST 9573–82 requirements, one can see that compressive strength values of slabs s can exceed the standard one up to two times without increasing their bulk density (Fig 3). Better results are obtained when the content of binders is greater (within standard requirements). Also, it is possible to see that heat conductivity l because of structural changes of fibres distribution in a slab slightly increases (not more than 5%), when we are comparing this heat conductivity value with a maximally admitted standard one (Fig 4).

Employment of this method allows the production of slabs, the optimal thickness of which has the ability to change from 6 to 500 mm. The binders polycondensation in such slabs is fully completed. Such slabs are suitable for insulating flat roofs, but their stiffness must be fastened by glueing them with stiff material.
FORMULATION OF PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA/STATYBOS KOKYBĖS KONTROLĖ LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOJE
Authors: Parasonis Josifas
Published: March 2019

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama sztatybos produkcijos kokybės kontrolės būklė šakos restrūktūrizavimo laikotarpiu. Aptariamos pagrindinės avarinių ir dcfektinių situacijų priežastys įvairiose inveslicinio proceso stadijose (tikslai—projektavimas—statyba—eksploatavimas).

Statybos produkcijos kokybės užtikrinimas nagrinėjamas taip pat pagal investicinio proceso stadijas. Aptariami kiekvienos stadijos dalyviai ir jų atsakomybė atliekant kokybės kontrolę.

Tikslų nustatymo stadijoje galimi 3 pagrindiniai dalyviai: užsakovas, konsultantai ir valstybės institucijos. Pažymima, jog teisingam savo idėjos formulavimui, finansinių galimybių įvertinimui užsakovui tikslinga naudotis konsultantų paslaugomis. Šios stadijos pagrindinis produktas yra projektavimo užduotis. Valstybės institucijų vaidmuo šioje stadijoje—žemės sklypo valdos įforminimas, projektavimo sąlygų bei sklypo paso išdavimas.

Projektavimo stadijos svarbiausi dalyviai—projektuotojai. Būtent jų kvalifikacija ir bendradarbiavimo su užsakovu lygis bei formos lemia projektavimo dokumentų kokybę. Pažymėtina, jog Lietuvos Respublikoje pradedama praktika užsakovui skiriant atstovauti savo interesams vadinamąjį projekto vadybininką. Šioje stadijoje valstybės institucijų pagrindinė funkcija, užtikrinant projekto kokybę, yra projekto derinimas.

Statybos stadijoje užtikrinant produkcijos kokybę pagrindinis vaidmuo tenka rangovui. Tačiau kokybei turi įtakos ir kiti dalyviai: techninė priežiūra, autorinė priežiūra, valstybinė ir inspekcinė kokybės kontrolė, ekspertai. Pažymima, jog būtent šioje stadijoje kokybės užtikrinimas Lietuvos Respublikoje nėra susistemintas ir sutvarkytas. Valstybės institucijos įsitraukia tik ginčytinais atvejais, kuomet defektai jau išryškėję. Formaliai vykdoma techninė, dažnai ir autorinė priežiūra. Siūloma šalyje laipsniškai įvesti statybos kokybės auditą (nevalstybinė nepriklausoma instituera, pripažinta ir juridiškai įteisinta).

Eksploatacijos stadijoje kokybė, statinio ilgalaikiškumas daugiausia priklauso nuo užsakovo (vartotojo). Nagrinėjamas skirtingas įvairių paskirčių statinių norminis eksploatavimo stadijos aprūpinimas.

Straipsnyje siūloma statybos kokybės užtikrinimo sistema Lietuvos Respublikai, esanti formavimosi stadijoje. Akcentuojama nevaistybinių institucijų formavimosi svarba, laipsniškas perėjimas nuo direktyvinės kokybės kontrolės prie reguliavimo metodų. Kokybės formavimas bei užtikrinimas laike turėtų tapti statybos produktus tiesiogiai gaminančių įmonių, o kontrolė—nevalstybinių institucijų rūpesčiu.
Cryptopimpla (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Banchinae) of South Korea, with description of two new species
Authors: Kang Gyu-Won , Kolarov Janko , Lee Jong-Wook
Published: March 2019

The genus Cryptopimpla Taschenberg is recorded for the first time in South Korea. Four species are recognized; among these, two species, C.aspeculosus Kang & Lee, sp. n. and C.pentagonalis Kang & Lee, sp. n., are described as new to science. For the other two species, C.brevigena Kuslitzkii and C.carinifacialis Sheng, the males were hitherto unknown and are described here. An illustrated identification key is provided for the species of Cryptopimpla known from South Korea.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale
Authors: HATİPOĞLU Zehra , KIRDÖK Oğuzhan , ÖZCENGİZ Dilek
Published: March 2019

Background/aim: The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) is widely used to measure children?s anxiety level. The aim of this study was to translate the Turkish version of the m-YPAS and test its validity and reliability based on Turkish children.
Materials and methods: The English version of the m-YPAS was translated into Turkish using the forward-back-forward translation technique. This study enrolled 120 children. The m-YPAS was performed on 120 children who were recorded on video. The State- Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) was used for only 30 of 120 children. The videotapes were evaluated by two experienced observers [an anesthesiologist, ObA(an) and psychologist, ObB(ps)]. The interrater reliability, concurrent validity, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were analyzed.
Results: The mean age of children was 7.8 ± 2.2 years in the study. The weighted kappa values of the m-YPAS between observers were in `substantial? agreement (?w = 0.74-0.80) and `almost perfect? agreement (?w = 0.84 - 0.85). Also, Cronbach?s alpha values were high [? = 0.85 for ObA(an) and ? = 0.86 for ObB(ps)]. The correlation between m-YPAS and STAIC showed `good? agreement (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity were high, and the predictive value was 92.86%.
Conclusion: The Turkish version of the m-YPAS can be performed as a reliable and valid observational questionnaire for Turkish children.
Key words: Anxiety, Validation studies, Pediatrics.
The Flexible Scheduling Paradigm: The Prototype School
Authors: Snyder Yaakov , Herer Yale T. , Moore Michael , Catane Avishai , Novak Richard M.
Published: March 2019

The flexible scheduling paradigm (FSP) improves student learning by dynamically redeploying teachers and other pedagogical resources to provide students with customized learning conditions over shorter time periods called ‘mini-terms’ instead of semesters or years. By conceptualizing the school curriculum as a physical map, we customize the routing of students through curriculum using a core curriculum-targeted mastery-based approach. FSP increases deployed teacher effectiveness by making customized mentoring part of teacher’s regular schedules and by deploying teachers to their strengths. We establish a prima facie case for FSP by building comparative simulations of various schools as they are currently run (the Present Schools) and the same schools as they would be run with FSP (the Schools of the Future). Statistical results of the simulations confirmed that using FSP can increase key educational metrics including graduation rates, final course grades, mean grades in core curriculum, average teacher effectiveness, and the quality of teacher deployed expertise.
Old Is Gold: Krukenberg Operation Performed in a Tertiary Setup in India for the Rehabilitation of the Amputated Hand of a Poor Patient
Authors: Anwar Ali Zaid , Mishra Rahul Ashok , Jawale Hemant Muktaram , Mishra Akshat Awdhesh Kumar , Ram Srinivas
Published: March 2019

It is a known fact that a disabled person is a greater burden to society than a dead person. Krukenberg operation, first described by German army surgeon in 1917, Hermann Krukenberg, converts a forearm stump into a pincer, so as to retain some dexterity of the hand rather than it being reduced to a mere stump. We report this case of Krukenberg operation performed in a tertiary care setup, wherein an amputated forearm stump was converted into a functional pincer that can result in huge advantage for poor amputee patients in developing countries who rely heavily on the functionality of their hands to earn their everyday meal and are unable to bear the expense of costly prosthesis. One such patient, a 25-year-old male hailing from a very poor background who came to us with traumatic amputation of his dominant hand.
“Branding”, autoría y adaptación transmedia en los productos oficiales de Studio Ghibli: el “estilo Miyazaki” en los videojuegos de la saga Ni No Kuni (2011-2018)
Authors: Hernández-Pérez Manuel
Published: March 2019

El anime es origen habitual del media-mix o estrategias de producción y distribución de productos transmedia en el mercado japonés de alcance global. A su alrededor se forman constantes sinergias que dan lugar a autorías colaborativas y múltiples adaptaciones transmedia. Mientras que existe una importante tradición académica acerca del papel del “autor”, no esta tan claro su papel en el contexto de los videojuegos y el media mix. Aún no siendo una adaptación sino un producto original, la saga de Ni No Kuni (2011-2018) es estudiada por ser un caso único de intertextualidad entre la obra de Studio Ghibli —particularmente el influyente Hayao Miyazaki (1941)— y los videojuegos de rol. Se demostrará como la autoría individual y colectiva consolidan estilos y narrativas comunes en forma de imágenes corporativas coherentes. Estas imágenes sobreviven a los autores originales para ser replicadas en el resto de la producción transmedia.
Early-onset Male Androgenetic Alopecia and Metabolic Syndrome: Are They Associated?
Authors: Thakare Sampada , Singh Adarshlata
Published: March 2019

Aims and objectives: To study the pattern of early-onset male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Study design: A case–control study was conducted in the tertiary care center, Department of Dermatology, from year 2012 to 2014.

Materials and methods: A total number of 100 patients, 50 male patients with early-onset AGA cases and 50 age-matched controls, were enrolled. The Norwood–Hamilton classification was used to assess the grade of AGA. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid parameters along with waist circumference were assessed in all the study participants. Statistical analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics using chi-square test and Z test for difference between two means. The statistical software used in the analysis was Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 17.0 and Graph Pad Prism 5.0, and the results with (p < 0.05) were considered significant.

Results: Most common grades of early-onset male AGA were 38% with grade IV, 26% with grade IIIv (vertex), and 16% with grade III. 50% of the case group with early-onset male AGA and 10% of control group patients had MetS (p < 0.05). As compared with controls, patients with early-onset AGA had a statistically significant mean value for fasting blood sugar level (p-value 0.001), triglyceride level (p-value 0.013), waist circumference (p-value 0.004), systolic blood pressure (p-value 0.006), and diastolic blood pressure (p-value 0.010) respectively. There was no significant association between early-onset male AGA and serum levels of HDL, LDL, VLDL, and cholesterol (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: It is inferred from this study that the most common grade of early-onset male AGA was grades IV and III vertex. There also was association of early-onset male AGA with MetS. More prospective studies are required with a large sample size to justify the association between early-onset male AGA and MetS.
Small Intestine Obstruction in Patients due to Phytobezoar: Case Report of Four Patients
Authors: Kumar V , Pujar Anupama , Kudari Ashwini , Luthra Kush
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Bezoars are rare cause of small-bowel obstruction and lead to intraluminal obstruction. The other causes are foreign bodies, gall stones, and enteroliths. Phytobezoars are collection of non-digestible materials, usually of vegetable origin, and are most commonly found in patients with impaired gastric emptying, on high-fiber diet and with abnormal food habits.

We present a case report of four patients who presented with acute intestinal obstruction, and the etiology in all these four cases was found to be a phytobezoar. The complaints of diffuse pain abdomen, vomiting, and constipation were common in all four cases. One patient had undergone a gastric pull-up surgery for carcinoma esophagus and one female had undergone bilroth1 for peptic ulcer disease. One patient was a known case of diabetes mellitus and had undergone surgery for perforated peptic ulcer few years back.

Conclusion: Diagnosis of bezoars is usually confirmed by barium examination or endoscopy, and definitive treatment is surgery in case of obstruction with the removal of bezoar.
Pituitary Hyperplasia in a Boy with Van Wyk–Grumbach Syndrome due to Long-standing Hypothyroidism
Authors: Shaikh Shakil , Joshi Rajesh
Published: March 2019

Van Wyk–Grumbach syndrome (VWGS) is characterized by juvenile hypothyroidism, delayed bone age, and pseudo-precocious puberty. Primary hypothyroidism in the juvenile population generally leads to retardation of linear growth and delayed puberty. However, in rare conditions, children with long-standing hypothyroidism present with signs of VWGS. It can occur in both sexes. In girls, the usual presenting features are early-onset menarche and enlarged bilateral multicystic ovaries, whereas in boys it is rarely associated with testicular enlargement. We present an unusual case of an 8-year-old boy who was referred to us with a pituitary tumor (macroadenoma) and later on diagnosed as having long-standing untreated congenital hypothyroidism with testicular enlargement and pituitary hyperplasia. Eight months after thyroxine replacement therapy, repeat magnetic resonance imaging shows complete resolution of pituitary hyperplasia.
Embedded Intrauterine Contraceptive Device with Cervical Fibroid
Authors: Bhute Anupama , Bhute Sindhu
Published: March 2019

Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) are among the most frequently used methods of contraception since 1965. An embedded IUCD is a situation where there is an abnormally positioned IUCD within the endometrium or myometrium, however, without an extension through the serosa. We are reporting an interesting case that presented with a missing thread, pain in lower abdomen, and menorrhagia with incidental diagnosis of cervical fibroid.
Sonographic Diagnosis of Intra-abdominal Pregnancy
Authors: Phatak Suresh , Patange Neeraj , Rawekar Shishir
Published: March 2019

Abdominal pregnancy can be defined as the establishment and development of the fertilized egg partially or entirely in the abdominal cavity, in a primary or more commonly secondary way. This is rarely seen in the evolution of pregnancy, and it accounts for 1% of the ectopic pregnancy locations. Sonography is important in diagnosis. We are presenting a case report of abdominal pregnancy of 16 weeks gestation.
Distinctions in source regions and formation mechanisms of secondary aerosol in Beijing from summer to winter
Authors: Duan Jing , Huang Ru-Jin , Lin Chunshui , Dai Wenting , Wang Meng , Gu Yifang , Wang Ying , Zhong Haobin , Zheng Yan , Ni Haiyan , Dusek Uli , Chen Yang , Li Yongjie , Chen Qi , Worsnop Douglas R. , O'Dowd Colin D. , Cao Junji
Published: March 2019

Abstract. To investigate the sources and evolution of haze pollution in different seasons, long-term (from 15 August to 4 December 2015) variations of chemical composition of PM1 were characterized in Beijing, China. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis with multi-linear engine (ME-2) resolved three primary and two secondary OA sources, including hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), cooking OA (COA), coal combustion OA (CCOA), local secondary OA (LSOA) and regional SOA (RSOA). Distinctly different correlations between RSOA and sulfate were found in our study, with tight correlation (R2 = 0.71) in late summer, decreased correlation (R2 = 0.62) in autumn and almost no correlation (R2 = 0.02) in early winter. This difference implies that sulfate was mainly transported at a large regional scale in late summer, while local and/or nearby sulfate formation may be more important in winter. Secondary aerosol species including SIA (sulfate, nitrate and ammonium) and SOA (LSOA and RSOA) dominated PM1 during all three seasons. In particular, SOA contributed 46 % to total PM1 (with 31 % as RSOA) in late summer, whereas SIA contributed 41 % and 45 % to total PM1 in autumn and early winter, respectively. Enhanced contributions of secondary species (66–76 % of PM1) were also observed in pollution episodes during all three seasons, further emphasizing the importance of secondary formation processes in haze pollution in Beijing. Combining chemical composition and meteorological data, our analyses suggest that photochemical oxidation dominated SOA formation during all three seasons, while for sulfate formation, gas-phase photochemical oxidation was the major pathway in late summer and heterogeneous processes were likely more important in autumn and early winter.
Artifacts from manganese reduction in rock samples prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) slicing for X-ray microspectroscopy
Authors: Macholdt Dorothea S. , Förster Jan-David , Müller Maren , Weber Bettina , Kappl Michael , Kilcoyne A. L. David , Weigand Markus , Leitner Jan , Jochum Klaus Peter , Pöhlker Christopher , Andreae Meinrat O.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The spatial distribution of
transition metal valence states is of broad interest in the microanalysis of
geological and environmental samples. An example is rock varnish, a natural
manganese (Mn)-rich rock coating, whose genesis mechanism remains a subject
of scientific debate. We conducted scanning transmission X-ray microscopy
with near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (STXM-NEXAFS)
measurements of the abundance and spatial distribution of different Mn
oxidation states within the nano- to micrometer thick varnish crusts. Such
microanalytical measurements of thin and hard rock crusts require sample
preparation with minimal contamination risk. Focused ion beam (FIB) slicing
was used to obtain ∼100–1000 nm thin wedge-shaped slices of the
samples for STXM, using standard parameters. However, while this preparation
is suitable for investigating element distributions and structures in rock
samples, we observed artifactual modifications of the Mn oxidation states at
the surfaces of the FIB slices. Our results suggest that the preparation
causes a reduction of Mn4+ to Mn2+. We draw attention to
this issue, since FIB slicing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging,
and other preparation and visualization techniques operating in the
kilo-electron-volt range are well-established in geosciences, but researchers
are often unaware of the potential for the reduction of Mn and possibly other
elements in the samples.
Simulating Lightning NOX Production in CMAQv5.2: Evolution of Scientific Updates
Authors: Kang Daiwen , Pickering Kenneth , Allen Dale , Foley Kristen , Wong David , Mathur Rohit , Roselle Shawn
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This work describes the lightning NOX (LNOX) production schemes in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. We first document the existing LNOX production scheme and associated LNOX vertical distribution algorithm. We then describe updates that were made to the scheme originally based on monthly National Lightning Detection Network (mNLDN) observations. The updated scheme uses hourly NLDN (hNLDN) observations. These NLDN-based schemes are good for retrospective model applications when historical lightning data are available. For applications when observed data are not available (i.e., air quality forecasts, future climate studies, and simulations focused outside the NLDN), we have developed a scheme that is based on linear and log-linear parameters derived from regression of multiyear historical NLDN (pNLDN) observations and meteorological model simulations. Preliminary assessment for total column LNOX production reveals that the mNLDN scheme overestimates LNOX by over 40 % during summer months compared with the updated hNLDN scheme that reflects the observed lightning activity more faithfully in time and space. The pNLDN performance varies with year, but it generally produced LNOX columns that are comparable to hNLDN and mNLDN, and in most cases, it outperformed mNLDN. Nevertheless, when no observed lightning data are available, pNLDN can provide reasonable estimates of LNOX emissions over time and space for this important natural NOX source that influences air quality regulations.
Three-decadal dynamics of mid-channel bars in downstream of the
Three Gorges Dam, China
Authors: Wen Zhaofei , Yang Hong , Ding Changhong , Zhang Ce , Shao Guofan , Chen Jilong , Lv Mingquan , Wu Shengjun , Shao Zhenfeng
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The downstream of the world’s largest Three Gorges Dam (TGD) along Yangtze River (1560 km) hosts numerous mid-channel bars (MCBs). The morphodynamics of these MCBs are crucial to the river’s hydrological processing, local ecological functioning, and socioeconomic development. However, a systematic understanding of such dynamics and their linkages to the TGD across the entire downstream reach remain largely unknown. Using Landsat archive images and a thematic extracting scheme, the work presents comprehensive monitoring of MCB dynamics in terms of number, area, and shape, in the downstream of the TGD during 1985–2018. Total 140 MCBs were extracted and grouped into four types to represent small size (< 2 km2), middle size (2 km2–7 km2), large size (7 km2–33 km2) and extra-large size (> 33 km2) MCBs, respectively. Most of the MCBs in terms of number (70 %) and total area (91 %) were concentrated in the lower reach (Hankou to Estuary). The number of small size MCBs decreased after TGD closure and most of such decreasing events happened in the lower reach. Although all four types of MCBs showed overall increasing trends in area, small MCBs had smaller rate and received more influence by the TGD operation than the large MCBs. Small size MCBs tended to become relatively shorter and wider whereas the others became slimmer after TGD operation. Impacts from the TGD operation could decrease along with the increasing distance from TGD to Hankou (for shape dynamics) or to Jiujiang (for area dynamics). The quantified longitudinal and temporal dynamics of MCBs across the whole downstream of the TGD provides a crucial monitoring basis for continuous investigations of changing mechanisms in the morphology of the Yangtze River system.
Groundwater salinity variation in Upazila Assasuni (southwestern Bangladesh), as steered by surface clay layer thickness, relative elevation and present-day land use
Authors: Naus Floris Loys , Schot Paul , Groen Koos , Ahmed Kazi Matin , Griffioen Jasper
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh, options for drinking water
are limited by groundwater salinity. To protect and improve the drinking
water supply, the large variation in groundwater salinity needs to be better
understood. This study identifies the palaeo and present-day hydrological
processes and their geographical or geological controls that determine
variation in groundwater salinity in Upazila Assasuni in southwestern
Bangladesh. Our approach involved three steps: a geological reconstruction,
based on the literature; fieldwork to collect high-density hydrological and
lithological data; and data processing to link the collected data to the
geological reconstruction in order to infer the evolution of the groundwater
salinity in the study area. Groundwater freshening and salinization patterns
were deduced using PHREEQC cation exchange simulations and isotope data were
used to derive relevant hydrological processes and water sources. We found
that the factor steering the relative importance of palaeo and present-day
hydrogeological conditions was the thickness of the Holocene surface clay
layer. The groundwater in aquifers under thick surface clay layers is
controlled by the palaeohydrological conditions prevailing when the aquifers
were buried. The groundwater in aquifers under thin surface clay layers is
affected by present-day processes, which vary depending on present-day
surface elevation. Slightly higher-lying areas are recharged by rain and
rainfed ponds and therefore have fresh groundwater at shallow depth. In
contrast, the lower-lying areas with a thin surface clay layer have
brackish–saline groundwater at shallow depth because of flooding by
marine-influenced water, subsequent infiltration and salinization. Recently,
aquaculture ponds in areas with a thin surface clay layer have increased the
salinity in the underlying shallow aquifers. We hypothesize that to
understand and predict shallow groundwater salinity variation in southwestern
Bangladesh, the relative elevation and land use can be used as a first
estimate in areas with a thin surface clay layer, while knowledge of
palaeohydrogeological conditions is needed in areas with a thick surface clay
layer.
The impact of model resolution on the simulated Holocene retreat of the southwestern Greenland ice sheet using the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM)
Authors: Cuzzone Joshua K. , Schlegel Nicole-Jeanne , Morlighem Mathieu , Larour Eric , Briner Jason P. , Seroussi Helene , Caron Lambert
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Geologic archives constraining the variability of the Greenland
ice sheet (GrIS) during the Holocene provide targets for ice sheet models to
test sensitivities to variations in past climate and model formulation. Even
as data–model comparisons are becoming more common, many models simulating
the behavior of the GrIS during the past rely on meshes with coarse
horizontal resolutions (≥10 km). In this study, we explore the impact of
model resolution on the simulated nature of retreat across southwestern
Greenland during the Holocene. Four simulations are performed using the Ice
Sheet System Model (ISSM): three that use a uniform mesh and horizontal mesh
resolutions of 20, 10, and 5 km, and one that uses a nonuniform mesh with
a resolution ranging from 2 to 15 km. We find that the simulated retreat can
vary significantly between models with different horizontal resolutions based
on how well the bed topography is resolved. In areas of low topographic
relief, the horizontal resolution plays a negligible role in simulated
differences in retreat, with each model instead responding similarly to
retreat driven by surface mass balance (SMB). Conversely, in areas where the bed
topography is complex and high in relief, such as fjords, the lower-resolution models (10 and 20 km) simulate unrealistic retreat that occurs as
ice surface lowering intersects bumps in the bed topography that would
otherwise be resolved as troughs using the higher-resolution grids. Our
results highlight the important role that high-resolution grids play in
simulating retreat in areas of complex bed topography, but also suggest that
models using nonuniform grids can save computational resources through
coarsening the mesh in areas of noncomplex bed topography where the SMB
predominantly drives retreat. Additionally, these results emphasize that care
must be taken with ice sheet models when tuning model parameters to match
reconstructed margins, particularly for lower-resolution models in regions
where complex bed topography is poorly resolved.
An active power control approach for wake-induced load alleviation in a fully developed wind farm boundary layer
Authors: Vali Mehdi , Petrović Vlaho , Steinfeld Gerald , Y. Pao Lucy , Kühn Martin
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This paper
studies a closed-loop wind farm control framework for active power control
(APC) with a simultaneous reduction of wake-induced structural loads within a
fully developed wind farm flow interacting with the atmospheric boundary
layer. The main focus is on a classical feedback control, which features a
simple control architecture and a practical measurement system that are
realizable for real-time control of large wind farms. We demonstrate that the
wake-induced structural loading of the downstream turbines can be alleviated,
while the wind farm power production follows a reference signal. A
closed-loop APC is designed first to improve the power-tracking performance
against wake-induced power losses of the downwind turbines. Then, the
nonunique solution of APC for the wind farm is exploited for aggregated
structural load alleviation. The axial induction factors of the individual
wind turbines are considered control inputs to limit the power production of
the wind farm or to switch to greedy control when the demand exceeds the
power available in the wind. Furthermore, the APC solution domain is enlarged
by an adjustment of the power set-points according to the locally available
power at the waked wind turbines. Therefore, the controllability of the wind
turbines is improved for rejecting the intensified load fluctuations inside
the wake. A large-eddy simulation model is employed for resolving the
turbulent flow, the wake structures, and its interaction with the atmospheric
boundary layer. The applicability and key features of the controller are
discussed with a wind farm example consisting of 3×4 turbines with
different wake interactions for each row. The performance of the proposed APC
is evaluated using the accuracy of the wind farm power tracking and the
wake-induced damage equivalent fatigue loads of the towers of the individual
wind turbines.
A “Ideologia de gênero” e a “escola sem partido”: faces de uma mesma moeda em ações políticas conservadoras no Brasil e no Espírito Santo
Authors: Maria da Silva Erineusa , Alvarenga Elda , Luiz Alves de Amorim Fábio , Bartolozzi Ferreira Eliza
Published: March 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender as ações políticas atuais em torno das discussões sobre doutrinação, gênero e diversidade sexual, em especial as tocantes às propostas denominadas “ideologia de gênero” e “Escola sem partido”, bem como as tensões e as implicações desse debate para a compreensão do papel da escola e dos/as professores/as em frente à formação humana. Para atender aos objetivos utiliza a pesquisa bibliográfica. Nesse percurso, problematiza sobre as intencionalidades político-religiosas que recaem sobre essas propostas, compreendendo-as como duas ações articuladas. Conclui que, atualmente, o Brasil passa por um processo de contenção aos avanços nas políticas e ações sociais conquistados nos últimos 15 anos e, simultaneamente, por um movimento de resistências que perpassa, necessariamente, pelos processos educativos e pela ação de professores/as.
The maximum norm analysis of a nonmatching grids method for a class of parabolic equation with nonlinear source terms
Authors: Boulaaras Salah , Bahi Mohammed Cherif , Haiour Mohamed , Zarai Abderrahman
Published: March 2019

Motivated by the idea which has been introduced by M. Haiour and S.Boulaaras (Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.) Vol. 121,No. 4, November 2011,pp.481--493), We provide a maximum norm analysis of Euler scheme combined with finite element Schwarz alternating method for a class of parabolic equation with nonlinear source terms on two overlapping subdomains with nonmatching grids. We consider a domain which is the union of two overlapping subdomains where each subdomain has its own independently generated grid. The two meshes being mutually independent on the overlap region, a triangle belonging to one triangulation does not necessarily belong to the other one. Under a stability analysis on the theta scheme which given by our work in (App. Math. Comp., 217, 6443--6450 (2011).), we establish, on each subdomain, an optimal asymptotic behavior between the discrete Schwarz sequence and the asymptotic solution of parabolic differential equations.
Impact of Crude Oil Price Volatility on Southeast Asian Stock Returns
Authors: Vu Thanh Nam
Published: March 2019

The study investigates the connection between international oil indices and Southeast Asian stock markets. The outcomes of both employed models, namely EGARCH and GARCH-jump, confirm the significant oil-stock linkage in Southeast Asian region. While the oil price fluctuations have positive effect on stock returns, the impacts of the implied crude oil volatility index (OVX) are negative, implying that the increase in level of future oil prices uncertainty leads to downward movement on stock markets. Additionally, the study further reports the existence of GARCH effects in Southeast Asian stock markets. The results from EGARCH models illustrate that the previously negative shocks seem to have greater effects on the current volatility of stock returns in analyzed countries than the positive shocks. Furthermore, the jump effects are found in most markets, as evidenced by the estimates for GARCH-jump models. Generally, the volatility driven by abnormal information positively affects the volatility of return while the jump behavior has negative impact on return in Southeast Asian markets. Providing greater understandings about new markets in Southeast Asian area, the research could be utilized in improving investment decisions and gaining the advantages of international portfolio diversification.
Air pollution – awareness among the most susceptible groups of patients
Authors: Price S. , Rawiak A. , Pazio M. , Wójcik N. , Kuch M. , Braksator W. , Król W.
Published: March 2019

Purpose: Air pollution is one of the most important and often underestimated causes of death worldwide. The study evaluates awareness of its effects on health, access to information and seeking protection from pollution among the most susceptible population. Materials and methods: A 22-item survey was constructed (Cronbach’s α=0.81), including two parts, 1 -‘Awareness’ and 2 - ‘Personal protection and access to information’ and four independent questions. It was distributed among 107 hospital patients at high risk of adverse health effects from air pollution. Results: Scores in part 1 of the survey were relatively high. Lower results were achieved in the second part. Significant differences in responses to the surveys were found depending on gender, age and education. Patients’ main sources of information are (in order): television, the Internet and radio. Access to information was mostly rated as insufficient. Few patients use anti-pollution facemasks or indoor air filters (5.8% and 2.9%, respectively). Conclusions: Despite patients’ decent awareness, access to information is poor among the most susceptible population and needs to be improved urgently. More reliable sources of information need to be provided. null
The frequency of chronic diseases and a health-promoting lifestyle in a group of elderly Romani people living in Northern Turkey
Authors: Aydın M. , Aydın-Avci İ.
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To analyse the frequency of chronic diseases among Romani people who are sixty and older as well as their health-promoting lifestyle. Materials and methods: This research was conducted as a descriptive study between January 2015 and June 2015. The study included 98 elderly Romani people lived in Samsun, Turkey. The study data were collected using the questionnaire included 22 questions along with the Health-promoting Lifestyle Scale II. The statistical analysis of the data was made using percentage means, t-test, correlation, and ANOVA test. Results: The average age of the participating Romani people was 66.7±5.3. Of these Romani people, 83.7% had a chronic disease, and 80.6% had a medication that they used regularly. The mean score of the Romani citizens in the study sample on the Health-promoting Lifestyle Scale was 115.98±15.82. They obtained their highest score on the inter-personal relations sub-dimension and the lowest score on the stress management sub-dimension of the scale. There was a statistical correlation between the Romani people's gender, social insurance, income level, education level, family type, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure monitoring and their scores on the scale (p<0.05). The study found that a health-promoting lifestyle did not affect the frequency of chronic diseases (p˃0.05). Conclusions: This study proved that the Romani people had risks of chronic diseases, did not attach sufficient importance to a health-promoting lifestyle and their health-promoting lifestyle is weaker compared to the elders in the rest of the population.
Rat skin as an experimental model in medicine
Authors: Niczyporuk M.
Published: March 2019

Scientific experiments due to safety and ethical limitations regarding research human are often based on animal models. Rats are laboratory animals which are commonly used for these purposes. It should be remembered that morphologi- cal and functional differences between rat skin and human skin may refer to the correct interpretation of scientific results.
Acerca de la poesía israelí contemporánea : Zelda Mishkovsky
Authors: Riaño López Ana Mª
Published: March 2019

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Oceanografía del Mar de Alborán
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Jaime
Published: March 2019

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La ocupación de Melilla en 1497 y las relaciones entre los Reyes Católicos y el Duque de Medina Sidonia
Authors: Bravo Nieto Antonio
Published: March 2019

El 17 de septiembre de 1497 se ocupa la abandonada villa de Melilla en la Costa Norteafricana. Este acto en sí puede ser el inicio de un largo y apasionante tema, pero vamos a intentar concebirlo en este estudio como punto final. Como consecuencia, pues este hecho militar y político está condicionado precisamente por toda una serie de circunstancias que no solo afectaban a la política interior española sino a sus relaciones internacionales.
La financiación postconcursal del deudor
Authors: Gilo Gómez César
Published: March 2019

El legislador español ha centrado sus esfuerzos en losúltimos años en desarrollar mecanismos que permitiesen evitar la declaraciónde concurso dotando a la Ley Concursal de fórmulas preventivasdirigidas a ese fin. Sin embargo, se ha despreocupado deotorgar al deudor las herramientas necesarias que le permitiesen salirde la situación de insolvencia una vez que el concurso ya es declarado.Y es que para remediar referida situación una vez que el deudorse encuentra inmerso en el procedimiento concursal, la entrada denueva financiación en el patrimonio del deudor insolvente se convierteen una cuestión fundamental, ya que sólo con la pertinente inyecciónde liquidez, éste podrá mantener su actividad económica, lacual es el vehículo que debe permitirle generar la riqueza necesariapara cumplir con sus obligaciones y salir de la situación de insolvenciaen la que se encuentra.Por esta razón, en el presente trabajo se estudia la situación actualque el estado de la cuestión presenta, analizando las posibilidadesque el texto normativo permite al deudor para mantener su actividadeconómica, así como las reformas que serían necesarias paraestimular la entrada de nueva financiación en el patrimonio del deudorinsolvente.The Spanish legislator has centred his efforts in theyears last to develop mechanisms that were allowing to avoid thedeclaration of bankruptcy providing to the Bankruptcy Act of preventiveformulae directed this purpose. Nevertheless, there is the unconcernedone of granting to the debtor the necessary toolsthat wereallowing him to go out of the situation of insolvency as soon as thecontest already is declared.And it is that to remedy above mentioned situation as soon as thedebtor is inmmersed in the bankruptcy proceeding the entry of newfinancing in the heritage of the insolvent debtor turns into a fundamentalquestion, since only with the pertinent injection of liquidity,this one will be able to support his economic activity, which is thevehicle that must allow him to generate the necessary wealth to expirewith his obligations and to go out of the situation of insolvencyin the one that is.For this reason, in the present work there is studied the currentsituation that the state of the question presents, analyzing the possibilitiesthat the normative text allows to the debtor to support hiseconomic activity, as well as the reforms that would be necessary tostimulate the entry of new financing in the heritage of the insolventdebtor.
Le traitement juridique de l’acte individuel fautif de l’élu municipal, source d’obligations délictuelles ou quasi délictuelles. Un essai de systématisation critique du droit positif québécois
Authors: Gaudreault-Desbiens Jean-François
Published: March 2019

Quel est le régime de responsabilité civile applicable à l’acte individuel fautif, source d’obligations délictuelles ou quasi délictuelles, d’un élu municipal québécois ? Une municipalité peut-elle être responsable d’un tel acte d’un de ses élus ? C’est essentiellement à ces questions que l’auteur entend répondre dans cet article, en fonction de deux objectifs qui sont l’identification de façon systématique des règles de droit formant le cadre analytique des conséquences d’un tel acte individuel fautif et l’examen critique de ces règles. Dans cette optique, l’auteur étudie, en première partie de cet article, le statut juridique de l’élu municipal, au regard des fonctions que cet élu est appelé à exercer au sein de la municipalité, ainsi que certains devoirs lui incombant de façon inhérente à son mandat électif. Tenant compte du fait que le statut juridique de l’élu et les devoirs inhérents lui incombant représentent d’importantes balises à l’action de l’élu, l’auteur analyse, en seconde partie de cet article, les conséquences, au niveau de la responsabilité civile, de l’acte individuel fautif de l’élu. S’attachant d’abord à circonscrire la notion « d’acte posé par l’élu dans l’exercice de ses fonctions », l’auteur étudie ensuite la responsabilité personnelle de l’élu pour son acte individuel fautif en s’attardant plus particulièrement au cas des atteintes à la réputation. L’auteur examine alors de façon critique l’immunité relative dont peut en certaines circonstances se prévaloir un élu municipal. Dans ce contexte, l’auteur s’interroge sur la source — de droit civil ou de common law — de l’immunité appliquée par les tribunaux québécois. Enfin, l’auteur se demande dans quelles circonstances une municipalité peut-elle être tenue responsable de l’acte individuel fautif d’un de ses élus.