bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Criminal-legal Mechanism of Counteraction of Insider Activity in the Stock Market
Authors: MALYSHENKO K.A. , MALYSHENKO V.A. , BEKIROVA E.S. , BEKIROV S.N. , ARKHIPOVA S.V. , ANASHKINA M.V.
Published: May 2020

Protecting the rights of stock market participants in the modern world is an important aspect of its functioning, ensuring the security of investments of participants and their property status. The misuse of insider information with the aim of obtaining certain benefits, and market manipulation are some of the most ambitious crimes that violate the rights of a wide range of people, and a direct threat to their material well-being. Insider trading involves trading transactions with securities, which is carried out by private individuals, holding information about the Issuer of the financial asset.

In this work, we use methods of legal statistics that allow us to obtain quantitative data on the application of liability for violations of anti-insider Russian legislation. In addition, a comparative legal method is used to comparatively characterize measures to combat insider activity in the world.

The purpose of the research is to identify the shortcomings of the modern criminal law mechanism for countering insider activity in the Russian securities market and develop measures to improve its effectiveness. The criminal law regulation of insider information in the world and domestic experience are analyzed.

As a result of the study, a number of shortcomings inherent in this mechanism were identified. Thus, the study of foreign practice has shown that the existing measures in Russia to combat insiders in the securities market are not effective. This is due to many factors, the main of which are the imperfection of the legal framework, the lack of practical application of criminal penalties, their low effectiveness, the lack of specific penalties, etc. The article highlights the problems of administrative and criminal liability for market manipulation and illegal use of insider information. The article analyzes the criminal law regulation of mitigating liability for insider information in the world and domestic experience.Based on the analysis and comparison of Russian and international practices in the fight against insiders, conclusions are drawn about the need to adjust the domestic monitoring mechanism and improve criminal law methods to ensure its functioning.The article actualizes the problems of administrative and criminal liability for the manipulation of the market and the misuse of insider information.
Economy and Healthcare: Their Role in Providing Medical Care and Maintaining Public Health
Authors: OSADCHUK Michail A. , OSADCHUK Alexey M. , KORZHENKOV Nikolay P. , TRUSHIN Maxim V.
Published: May 2020

Healthcare is the most important economy sector, which is designed to ensure preservation and strengthening of each person`s physical and mental health, maintaining his long-term active life by providing highly qualified medical and preventive care.Although human health does not have an accurate market price, it has the highest value for society and the individual. This indirectly allows us to consider it as an economic category. All health systems, depending on the prevailing source of funding, are divided into: social insurance (Germany, France, Japan, Russia), state (UK) and market (USA) ones. Studying international health systems, using new digital medicine developments, artificial intelligence elements and scientific analysis in medical practice opens up broad prospects for the sound management of economic resources.
Ethics of Applying Compulsory Treatment as a Preventive Measure in Criminal Law
Authors: SHEVELEVA Svetlana , BAUMSTEIN Anton , NOVICHKOV Valeriy , BAYBARIN Andrey
Published: May 2020

The research discusses the debatable issue of the use of compulsory medical treatment (CMT) as a preventive measure in criminal law. CMT are measures of coercion, or more particularly, state coercion, as they are applied by state bodies on behalf of the public and are backed by the coercive power of the state. However, CMT are not a measure of responsibility. Nor are they preventive measures. The latter are an independent form of legal coercion. CMT is a preventive measure, the use of which prevents the possibility of an unlawful act without establishing guilt, i.e. assessment of the violation in terms of punishment. It is concluded that since the content of the notion of CMT can be filled with different meanings and cannot be uniquely correct and meets all the requirements of science, it must have incomplete attribution in the criminal law, which must be formal. The presentation of the author’s vision of the definition of ‘compulsory medical measures’ is preceded by the following remark. Since the content of the concept of CMT can be filled with different meanings and cannot be uniquely correct and meets all the requirements of science, so long as it should have incomplete attribution in the criminal law, be only formal. It is fundamentally impossible to encompass the general concept of CMT in the law, because it would be necessary to cite all possible definitions in this normative source. The proposed definition of CMT is only an attempt from some unusual positions to understand the essence of such a complex legal institution. And since we have defined CMT as preventive measures in criminal law, such an interpretation, in our opinion, provides an explanation for many theoretical and practical issues.
Non-judicial Forms of Resolving Disputes Related to the Protection of Consumer Rights in Russia and the European Union: Results of 2018-2019
Authors: VILDANOVA Marina M. , ERMAKOVA Elena P. , ALEKSEEVA Tatyana V.
Published: May 2020

The authors examine the features of the legal regulation of consumer protection in Russia and the European Union. It has been revealed that: (1) the evolution of non-judicial forms of consideration of consumer disputes both in the Russian Federation and in the EU will help to increase consumer protection and the accessibility of the exercise of the right to resolve disputes for consumers of different property levels, since the procedures under consideration are free of charge; (2) due to the specifics of disputes with consumers of financial services, the creation for these disputes of a special procedure for consideration by professional specialists of the financial market is justified and should positively affect the quality of consideration of cases; (3) the introduction of non-judicial forms into practice will entail a reduction in the resolution of conflict situations and a decrease in the load on the judicial system; (4) there is still some confusion of dispute settlement procedures in a number of provisions of the bill on the settlement of consumer disputes in electronic commerce in the Russian Federation, which is advisable to eliminate when finalizing the bill.
Institutional Mechanisms of International Judicial Cooperation in Combating Doping in Sports
Authors: YANISHEVSKAYA Yana Andreevna
Published: May 2020

The fight against doping at the legislative level began in 1989 as a result ofthe adoption of the Anti-Doping Convention, signed in Strasbourg.

Relevance. The relevance of the study is determined, firstly, by the ongoing scientific discussion and lack of consensus on the nature and role of institutional mechanisms of international judicial cooperation in combating doping in modern sports and, secondly, by the identification of the problems and substantiation of the ways of solving them in relation to increasing effectiveness of combating doping in sports.

Aim.The aim of the article is to develop a functional and legal method that would determine the effectiveness of institutional mechanisms of international judicial cooperation in combating doping in sports.

Methods. The basic method of the study is the deductive method, allowing to study the nature of institutional mechanisms of international judicial cooperation in combating doping in sports. The main method of the problem solution is the study of the regulatory framework for the implementation of the main provisions of international legal acts regulating the fight against doping.

Results. The article proves the theoretical pendency of the problem of the implementation of institutional mechanisms of international judicial cooperation in combating doping in sports. The practical significance of the obtained results is associated with the fact that national anti-doping organizations should develop national anti-doping rules and international federations should develop their anti-doping rules.
How Caspian Region Can Help Arctic Region?
Authors: YURIEVNA Chernitsyna Sofiya
Published: May 2020

The research compares the problems of two strategically important regions for Russia-the Caspian region and the Arctic region. Despite the fact that there are some significant geographical and climate differences, the geopolitical situation in the regions is similar. There are almost identical risks in the development of these regions. The main difference is that the Caspian region was exposed to the anthropogenic factor much earlier. The lessons learned from the work in the Caspian region can be used in the Arctic region, which can reduce some of the risks associated with the interaction of coastal countries.
Financial and Legal Prospects for the Use of Government Bond Loans in Modern Conditions
Authors: ZHMURKO Irina M.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the study is to identify positive aspects of expanding the use of government bond loans. The paper also focuses on theoretical concepts of the ratio of taxes and loans, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of government bond loans to determine their impact on the decisions of the issuer and the investor. Consideration of foreign experience in the use of bond loans allows identifying common features and aspects to improve the legal regulation of this institution in Russia science and practice.

The results of the research consist of summarizing the studied material and describing the prospects for the development and use of government loans as a tool of financial and legal policy. The experience of foreign countries proves that it is possible to determine the legal nature of a government bond loan through the prism of regulating a new institution – the issue obligation.

Conclusion: it is advisable to adopt a normative legal act that would systematize the form of government debt, contain general rules for the use of certain types of borrowing and mechanisms for servicing and repayment of debt, and provide other guarantees, principles of compensation, ways to restructure debt obligations, as well as a mechanism for interaction of public authorities in this area with clear regulation of the powers of public authorities and sanctions for late performance or non-performance by the issuer of its obligations.
Legal Regulation of Interest Rates under the Loan Agreement, with the Participation of the Borrower – the Entity, under the Civil Law of Ukraine and Germany: A Comparative Characteristic
Authors: BABASKIN Anatoly Yu. , PARKHOMENKO Natalya M.
Published: May 2020

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that there is a growing need to study civil law and its practice in Ukraine and the most economically developed countries of the European Union. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of interest rates under the loan agreement, with the participation of the entity, in the civil legislation of Ukraine and Germany, in order to identify similar features, differences, deficiencies in their legal regulation, and identify possible areas for improvement of the rules of civil law of Ukraine. The article investigates the legal nature of interest rates in credit relations, legal regulation of types of interest rates, bases of accrual of interest on a loan, restriction of freedom to set the amount of interest rate on a loan agreement, the order of payment of interest on a loan, etc. In the course of the research, similar features and differences in the legal regulation of interest rates in the credit agreement in the legislation of Ukraine and Germany were identified, deficiencies and possible directions of improvement of the civil legislation of Ukraine in the specified field were identified.
INOVASI JURNALIS DARING DALAM KOLABORASI TIM CEK FAKTA SELAMA PEMBERITAAN PILPRES 2019
Authors: Hapsari Dian Tri
Published: May 2020

The development of information through social media gave birth to the phenomenon of decrease quality information with easy spread of hoaxes. This research analyzes the formation collaboration of the fact check team from several elements of the media community such as the Indonesian online Media Association (AMSI), the Alliance of Independent Journalists (AJI), the Indonesian Anti-Defamation Society (Mafindo), and 24 mainstream online medias in Indonesia during the 2019 Presidential Election news. This reserch argues that the collaboration is a diffusion of innovation over the changing digital culture system of Indonesian society. Seeing this phenomenon, this article argues the importance of collaborative innovation among elements of mass media in strengthening mass media institutions as a gatekeeper for reliable information sources and media literacy amid the rapid development of digital news and newsrooms. This qualitative research aims to remind the importance of media activists to continue collaborating in innovation digital space such as the fact check team activities to increase media literacy in the disruption era. The conclusion of this research states that process diffusion of innovation of collaborating fact checking by the media community has changed journalist work to do high quality logic of journalism. Media innovation that promotes data journalism is a main foundation for combating hoax in the digital media in order to establish democratic public sphare.
MEMILIH FIGUR PUBLIK BERKESADARAN GENDER: STUDI JARINGAN PENGGUNAAN TOKOH SELEBRITI UNTUK TEMA ‘SETARA’ PADA AKUN INSTAGRAM KEMENPPPA
Authors: Angeliqa Fitria , Said Martriana Ponimin
Published: May 2020

The government had used convergence media to disseminate policies to obtain useful feedback. The purpose of this study searched the implications of the communication technology in the participation of social media users, Instagram, in its debate with public policies related to the issue of women's equality promoted by the Ministry of PPPA. The results became an evaluation of the institutions in determining the use of celebrities who have a vast network of friends. The issue of government policy did not get an adequate response because of the lack of audience knowledge and their reflection on the topic—and vice versa. This study used the concept of the communication network with a constructivist paradigm. The unit of analysis is text, posting by selected public figures on the 'Setara' issue in the Kemenpppa account. The collecting data technique used a mix-method to obtain completeness—the data analysis technique used quantitative network analysis with UCI-Net and discourse analysis for qualitative. The results showed that public figures could not be sub-groups/betweenness centrality that gaining public participation. The inaccuracy in choosing celebrity figures for disseminating gender awareness caused equality issues, not fulfilling expectations, from secondary data spread of the gender issues to the weak content interaction.
Emigracja jako czynnik konsolidacji i rewizji kobiecego projektu tożsamościowego. Węgierskie doświadczenia Boženy Němcovej
Authors: Filipowicz Marcin
Published: May 2020

W latach pięćdziesiątych XIX wieku austriackie władze zastosowały represje wobec niektórych działaczy czeskiego ruchu narodowego, co w wielu przypadkach prowadziło do dobrowolnej lub przymusowej emigracji. Dotyczyło to również męża Boženy Němcovej – Josefa. W 1850 roku, mając świadomość nadchodzącej zmiany klimatu politycznego, zdecydował się złożyć podanie o przeniesienie na Węgry. Artykuł koncentruje się na korespondencji pisarki z tego okresu oraz jej dzienniku podróży (Vzpomínky z cesty po Uhřích – 1854) i próbuje odpowiedzieć na następujące pytanie, czy opór pisarki wobec konieczności udania się na emigrację stanowił istotny moment w kształtowaniu się jej kobiecej tożsamości?
Intelektuální a ideologická zma te nost průkopníků umělecké moderny by se neměla zametat pod koberec. Rozhovor o knize Františka Mikše Rudý kohout Picasso
Authors: Czajka Łukasz , Mikš František
Published: May 2020

Intelektuální a ideologická zma te nost průkopníků umělecké moderny by se neměla zametat pod koberec. Rozhovor o knize Františka Mikše Rudý kohout Picasso
Hranice, možnosti a úlohy komentáře (Jiří Kratochvil, Ludvík Vaculík)
Authors: Kotásek Miroslav
Published: May 2020

Na obecné úrovni se článek zabývá fungováním komentáře či metakomentáře v postmoderních prozaických textech. K doložení a rozpracování teoretických východisek využívá článek texty Jiřího Kratochvila a Ludvíka Vaculíka. Z pohledu hermeneutiky je struktura, která se odhaluje uvnitř literárních textů právě prostřednictvím komentáře, nazvána posthermeneutickou. Článek ukazuje, že tato posthermeneutická struktura je pevně spojena s perverzní situací ineditního publikování v Československu 70. let jak ji zachycuje Vaculíkův Český snář, stejně jako se situací ženského subjektu zobrazené v Kratochvilově povídce Příběh krále Kandaula. Článek dochází k závěru, že postmoderna staví čtenáře či recipienta před etickou volbu co se role literatury a obecně umění týče.
Czeski odrodzeniowiec przekłada Pismo Św.
Authors: Lisowski Tomasz
Published: May 2020

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Ke kvalifikátoru kolokviální v »Akademickém slovníku současné češtiny«
Authors: Štěpán Josef
Published: May 2020

Článek pracuje s pojmy hovorová, běžně mluvená a obecná čeština. Podrobněji se zabývá pojmem spisovná čeština a její norma, což je východiskem při hodnocení slov z hlediska spisovnosti a nespisovnosti. Příspěvek kritizuje širokou definici i užívání kvalifikátoru kolokviální, který se používá pro jednotky mluveného neformálního jazyka v článku P. Kochové a Z. Opavské při přípravě Akademického slovníku současné češtiny. Místo takto vymezeného kvalifikátoru kolokviální se navrhuje na konkrétním materiálu (univerbizáty, slova cizího původu, nové významy) užívat jednak kvalifikátoru nespisovný, jednak nově úžeji vymezeného kvalifikátoru kolokviální, který odpovídá kvalifikátoru hovorový (spisovný) v dosavadních slovnících. Článek dochází k závěru, že pojetí P. Kochové a Z. Opavské by narušilo integritu spisovné češtiny, protože by se s jejich široce vymezeným kvalifikátorem kolokviální do spisovné češtiny dostala nespisovná slova.
Wybrane klucze interpretacyjne przestrzeni miejskiej. Refleksje teoretyczno-metodologiczne
Authors: Madurowicz Mikołaj
Published: May 2020

W artykule zasygnalizowano niektóre klasyczne tropy badawcze środowiska zurbanizowanego, wypracowane przez wybrane dziedziny nauki, a mianowicie: historię miast (analiza układu przestrzennego), urbanistykę i architekturę (analiza struktury i tekstury miejskiej), socjologię przestrzeni (analiza miasta jako miejsca zamieszkanego przez ludzi), geografię miast (analiza wielowymiarowej organizacji przestrzennej), wreszcie poprzez perspektywę kulturoznawczą (analiza tekstu miasta jako komunikatu). Następnie pokrótce zarysowano pochodne aspekty analizy dyskursu miejskiego, rozpięte oscylacyjnie: między semantyką a syntaktyką (trop fenomenologiczny), między aksjomatem a idiomem (dyskurs publiczny), między strategią a taktyką (wymiar społeczny), w końcu między geometrią a ruchem (konstytucja miejska). Zwieńczeniem opracowania jest zaś przegląd – autorskich bądź autorsko sprowadzonych do dyskursu miejskiego – dziesięciu współczynników geosemiotycznych (traktowanych jednak nie stricte matematycznie, lecz jako możliwe sposoby jakościowo-ilościowego badania tkanki zurbanizowanej) z perspektywy przestrzenno-fizjonomicznej, czyli: współczynnika kontekstu, typu, zorganizowania, stałości, przejrzystości, otwartości, dyskretności, prostości, oryginalności oraz przyrodniczości.
Geograf społeczny na ścieżce eksperymentalnej
Authors: Kotus Jacek , Piekarska Joanna
Published: May 2020

Współczesna geografia społeczna ujmowana w perspektywie globalnej rozwija się bardzo dynamicznie jako nauka tworząca i wykorzystująca różne paradygmaty, teorie, koncepcje oraz metody badań. Jej interdyscyplinarność z jednej strony oraz złożoność współczesnych mikroświatów z drugiej nie tylko pozwala, ale wręcz zmusza badacza do wykorzystania (często triangulacyjnego) metod badań społecznych: ilościowych i jakościowych. Choćby krótki przegląd referatów zgłaszanych do czołowych konferencji anglo-amerykańskiego obszaru nauki uświadamia, że tak dzieje się w rzeczywistości. Jednak polska geografia społeczna bardzo konserwatywnie odnosi się do artykułowania nowych paradygmatów, podejść i triangulacji metod. Niejako z tych powodów autorzy opracowania proponują podjąć dyskusję nad zastosowaniem w geografii społecznej metod związanych z eksperymentem. Zasadniczą osią narracji są pytania o obszary, w których eksperyment/quasi-eksperyment w geografii społecznej może być stosowany oraz o specyfikę i jego uwarunkowania w tej dyscyplinie.
Dialog geografii humanistycznej z muzykologią: rozważania na temat Pałacu Kultury i Nauki w Warszawie na tle analogii muzycznych
Authors: Barański Bartosz
Published: May 2020

Artykuł prezentuje efekt „dialogu” geografii humanistycznej z muzykologią. Poprzez warszawskie studium przypadku przedstawiono autorskie podejście do nazywania i opisywania zjawisk występujących w przestrzeni miejskiej z wykorzystaniem muzycznych analogii. Pokazanie tego sposobu myślenia o mieście, czyli transpozycji zjawisk muzycznych na miejską przestrzeń wraz z wyjaśnieniem wybranych analogii między kompozycją muzyczną a urbanistyczną, jest głównym celem artykułu. Wybranymi do rozważań elementami konstrukcyjnie wspólnymi dla muzyki i urbanistyki są dominanta oraz tonika. W tekście pokazano, że centralność Pałacu Kultury i Nauki można przyrównać do muzykologicznej prawidłowości odniesienia dośrodkowego. Autorskie podejście przedstawiono także w krytycznym ujęciu, tzn. omówiono jego ograniczenia oraz podjęto próbę dyskusji nad jego uniwersalnością w różnych skalach przestrzennych.
Etyka badań w geografii społecznej. Kodyfikacja a praktyka badawcza
Authors: Sowada Tomasz
Published: May 2020

Celem artykułu jest wywołanie w środowisku geografów dyskusji nad kwestiami etycznymi związanymi z prowadzeniem badań społecznych, szczególnie z wykorzystaniem metod jakościowych. Autor w pierwszej kolejności omawia ogólne kwestie dotyczące rozumienia standardów etycznych w nauce oraz ich kodyfikacji. Następnie przechodzi do wybranych zagadnień związanych z etyką prowadzenia badań społecznych, uwzględniając specyfikę geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej oraz nowe wyzwania wynikające z rozwoju technologii informacyjnych. W podsumowaniu autor zajmuje stanowisko, zgodnie z którym złożoność kwestii etycznych nie pozwala na rozwiązanie wszystkich dylematów w drodze stosowania zbioru skodyfikowanych zasad, a jedynie w drodze pogłębionej refleksji oraz ciągłej wymiany doświadczeń i dyskusji w środowisku badaczy
GIDA ENDÜSTRİSİNDE NANOSİSTEMLERİN KULLANIMI
Authors: BAYSAL Gülay
Published: May 2020

Nanosistemler, sağlık, gıda, enerji, tekstil, otomotiv, iletişim teknolojileri, tarım, silah ve uzay endüstrisi gibi birçok alanda kullanılmakta ve hayatımıza önemli gelişmeler kazandırmaktadır. Son yıllarda, nanosistemleri kullanarak, gıda ürünlerini atomik ve moleküler seviyelerde kontrol etmenin yollarını araştırmak için birçok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar, yeşil paketleme sistemleri, oxo-biyobozunur paketleme sistemleri, gübre kullanımının sona ermesi, gıda takibi, izleme, marka koruması, biyosensörler, akıllı etiketler, lezzet hataları oluşturma, tat değişimi ve hızlı bakteri tespiti gibi başlıkları içermektedir. Bu çalışmaların yanı sıra, sağlık alanında ilaç sektörü ve hastalıkların teşhis ve tedavisinde, hastanın konforunu önemli ölçüde arttırmakta ve ömrünü uzatmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışması, nanosistemlerin ve nanopartiküllerin kullanım alanlarını, gıda uygulamalarını, nanopartikül bileşenlerini (karbon nanotüpler, manyetik nanopartiküller, altın nanopartiküller, gümüş nanopartiküller ve kuantum noktalar), nanosensörleri, gıda ambalaj sistemlerinde akıllı paketleme metotlarını ve biyosensörleri başlıklarını içermektedir.
Presentation and outcome of subsequent thyroid cancer among childhood cancer survivors compared to sporadic thyroid cancer: a matched national study
Authors: Clement Sarah C , Lebbink Chantal A , Klein Hesselink Mariëlle S , Teepen Jop C , Links Thera P , Ronckers Cecile M , van Santen Hanneke M
Published: May 2020

Objective

Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at increased risk to develop differentiated thyroid cancer predominantly after radiotherapy (subsequent DTC). It is insufficiently known whether subsequent DTC in CCS has a different presentation or outcome than sporadic DTC.

Methods

Patients with subsequent DTC (n = 31) were matched to patients with sporadic DTC (n = 93) on gender, age and year of diagnosis to compare presentation and DTC outcomes. Clinical data were collected retrospectively.

Results

Among the CCS with subsequent DTC, all but one had received chemotherapy for their childhood cancer, 19 (61.3%) had received radiotherapy including the thyroid region, 3 (9.7%) 131I-MIBG and 8 (25.8%) had received treatment with chemotherapy only. Subsequent DTC was detected by surveillance through neck palpation (46.2%), as a self-identified mass (34.6%), or by chance. Among sporadic DTC patients, self detection predominated (68.8%). CCS with subsequent DTC tended to have on average smaller tumors (1.9 vs 2.4 cm, respectively, (P = 0.051), and more often bilateral (5/25 (60.0%) vs 28/92 (30.4%), P = 0.024). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of surgical complications, recurrence rate or disease-related death.

Conclusion

When compared to patients with sporadic DTC, CCS with subsequent DTC seem to present with smaller tumors and more frequent bilateral tumors. Treatment outcome seems to be similar. The finding that one-third of subsequent DTC cases had been treated with chemotherapy only needs further investigation. These results are important for the development of surveillance programs for CCS at risk for DTC and for treatment guidelines of subsequent DTC.
Assessment of delirium in children admitted into the Intensive Care Unit: psCAM-ICU Tool
Authors: Henao Castaño Ángela María , Pinzon Casas Edwar Yamith
Published: May 2020

Background: Delirium has been identified as a risk factor for the mortality of critically ill patients, generating great social and economic impacts, since patients require more days of mechanical ventilation and a prolonged hospital stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), thus increasing medical costs. Objective: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of delirium episodes in a sample of 6-month to 5-year-old children who are critically ill. Methods: Cohort study at a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in Bogotá (Colombia). Participants were assessed by the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (psCAM-ICU) within the first twenty-four hours of hospitalization. Results: One quarter of the participants (25.8%) presented some type of delirium. Among them, two sub-types of delirium were observed: 62.5% of the cases were hypoactive and 37.5% hyperactive. Moreover, from them, six were male (75%) and 2 female (25%). Primary diagnosis was respiratory tract infection in 62.55% of the patients, while respiratory failure was diagnosed in the remaining 37.5%. Conclusions: The implementation of delirium monitoring tools in critically ill children provides a better understanding of the clinical manifestation of this phenomenon and associated risk factors in order to contribute to the design of efficient intervention strategies.
Cloacal bursa morphology in turkey broilers challenged with aflatoxin B1 alone or co-administered with Mycotox NG
Authors: Grozeva N. , Valchev I. , L. Lazarov L. , Hristov Ts. , Kanakov D. , Dimitrov K. , Binev R.
Published: May 2020

Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of moulds from the genus Aspergillus (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus being the main producers). The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 on bursa of Fabricius morphology. Also, the possibility for prevention of toxic effects of AFB1 by feed supplementation of a mycosorbent (Mycotox NB) was studied. Experiments were carried out with sixty 7-day-old female turkey broilers (meat TM strain) divided into one control and five treatment groups (n=10). Groups were as followed: Group I – control (fed standard feed according to the species and age of birds); Group II – experimental, whose feed was supplemented with 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG, Group III– experimental, whose feed contained 0.2 mg/kg aflatoxin B1, Group IV – experimental, whose feed contained 0.4 mg/kg aflatoxin B1, Group V – experimental, supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG and Group VI – experimental, supplemented with 0.4 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG. The duration of the experiments was 42 days. The changes in bursal morphology in control and treated groups were followed out after the end of the study. In birds from experimental groups ІІI and IV, atrophy and degenerative changes have occurred in the bursa of Fabricius: reduction of lymphoid cell - populations in lymphoid follicles along with dystrophy. Feed supplementation with the tested toxin binder (Groups V and VI) resulted in partial neutralisation of deleterious effects of AFB1 on severity of histological lesions: interfollicular oedema, considerably lower lymphoid follicle rarefaction.
Histological characteristics of fol­li­cu­logenesis in Murrah water buffaloes during the early postpubertal period
Authors: Manov V. , Planski V. , Popov G.
Published: May 2020

A characteristic feature of water buffalo heifers is that they approach breeding maturity later than bovine heifers. From a physiological and endocrinological view, this is related to a later puberty, which affects the overall reproductive performance of water buffalo. The aim of this study was to highlight some morphological characteristics of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) ovaries in the early postpubertal period. The results showed active ovaries of the examined specimens. Some of the follicles had no oocyte, but were with normal structure and physiological activity. Histology is a definitive method for examination of ovarian activity in water buffaloes. In some of the ovulating follicles the oocyte was absent during early puberty. The presence of corpora lutea confirmed the endocrine maturity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal endocrine axis in 11–14 months old heifers despite the absence of oocytes.
STOCK STATUS OF BLUE SWIMMING CRAB (Portunus pelagicus) IN TANAH LAUT, SOUTH KALIMANTAN, AND ITS ADJACENT WATERS
Authors: Suman Ali , Hasanah Ap'idatul , Pane Andina Ramadhani Putri , Lestari Pratiwi
Published: May 2020

A study on the stock status of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) was conducted in Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan waters, based on data collected in March to November 2017. The results showed that the growth pattern of blue swimming crab in Tanah Laut waters was negatively allometric and the sex ratio of males to females was 1.0 : 1.7. The chi-square test indicated that the total males and total females of the blue swimming crab was significantly different. It means that there was an imbalance in numbers between males and females. The estimated length at first capture (Lc) was 127.26 mm (carapace width; CW), smaller than the length at first maturity (Lm) at 133.24 mmCW. The growth parameter of blue swimming crab was 1.1year with a maximum carapace width (L) of 204.3 mmCW. The estimated instantaneous total mortality (Z) and natural mortality (M) were 3.04/year and 1.24/year, respectively. While fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (E) were 1.80/year and 0.59/year, respectively, the estimated spawning potential ratio (SPR) was 11.1 %. Therefore, the stock status was categorized as overfishing. In order to ensure the sustainability of the blue swimming crab, a precautionary approach,, such as reducing fishing effort by 18 % of the current situation, is strongly recommended to apply.
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN PERAIRAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT MENGGUNAKAN MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING (MDS)
Authors: Soejarwo Permana Ari , Maryanto Thonas Indra
Published: May 2020

Penilaian kesesuaian perairan dalam mendukung kegiatan budidaya rumput laut salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh parameter kualitas perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan kesesuaian perairan dalam mendukung kegiatan budidaya rumput laut dengan pendekatan Multidimensional Scaling. Hal ini diharapkan akan diperoleh tingkat kesesuaian perairan serta parameter kualitas perairan yang paling dominan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas perairan di Pulau Panjang dalam mendukung kegiatan budidaya rumput laut yaitu cukup sesuai dengan nilai berkisar antara 58-68. Parameter kualitas perairan yang paling dominan yaitu fosfat dengan nilai perubahan RMS 6,376. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dominannya kandungan fosfat di wilayah perairan Pulau Panjang merupakan indikator terjadinya pencemaran yang bersumber dari limbah domestik yang diduga berasal dari kegiatan pertanian, peternakan serta limbah rumah tangga. Namun demikian tingkat kesesuaian perairan di Pulau Panjang apabila dikelola dengan baik atau mendapatkan perhatian yang lebih dari pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan dengan budidaya rumput laut, maka dapat berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kesesuaian perairan. Sehingga kualitas perairan di Pulau Panjang dapat mengalami pergeseran kearah sesuai. Kata Kunci:kesesuaian, kualitas air, Pulau Panjang, rumput laut
Metaphors we come out by
Authors: Chirrey Deborah A.
Published: May 2020

This paper uses critical metaphor analysis to explore the main source domains of cognitive metaphors in online coming out advice for LGB individuals. It highlights how the ontological metaphor to come out (of the closet) is remetaphorised by a number of structural metaphors, especially coming out is movement. Noting that Queer theorists have critiqued coming out both as a concept and as an imperative, the paper argues that the coming out advice examined here perpetuates this discourse through the use of coming out is movement (esp. a journey) and coming out is conflict and suggests that other structural metaphors could be more useful to the readers of coming out advice.
Reading relationships, worlds and reality
Authors: Putland Emma
Published: May 2020

Existing literature highlights the gendered worlds of children’s toys, Lego City and Friends included, which target boys and girls respectively. The current article critically examines City and Friends home pages, since these act as a concise introduction to their online and offline spheres. I am particularly interested in how the two home pages differently summarise the sets and represent ‘reality’ for users; by this, I refer to the toys’ relationship with users’ real-life existences, both regarding the modality of their represented worlds and how users are encouraged to interact with the toy. Analysis indicates that, although both explicitly position themselves as toys to be used in viewers’ worlds, Friends and City present disparate realities and relationships with users. Friends promotes both real-life and imaginary friendship for consumers through interacting with its girl friendship group, whereas City emphasises action-oriented relationships where users are elevated to a heroic status in the imaginary city. I show how these relationships are realised through different semiotic resources, including visual modalities, linguistic choices and website format. I consider the intricacies of their semiotic choices and conclude by discussing the potential implications of these choices for shaping how children interact with and emotionally engage with the toys.
Examining immune arms in mice immunized with site-specific influenza virus mutants
Authors: Markushin S. G. , Akhmatova N. K. , Stolpnikova V. N. , Akopova I. Iv. , Rtishchev A. A. , Kalinichenko E. O.
Published: May 2020

Site-specific mutants as candidates for live influenza vaccines were resulted from directly introducing into the genome of the pathogenic influenza virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) strain ts mutations derived from the genes encoding the polymerase complex proteins from some cold-adapted strains serving as attenuation donor. Here we present the data of a comparative study examining immune system arms in mice immunized intranasally with influenza virus mutants and classical cold-adapted reassortant obtained by crossing cold-adapted strain Donor A/Krasnodar/101/35/59 (H2N2) with strain A/WSN/33 (H1N1) bearing surface antigens (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) similar to mutants. Immunophenotyping mononuclear leukocytes from immunized mice indicated at moderate suppressive effect after using site-specific mutant and the HA reassortant viruses on some immune cell subsets. All viruses in immunized mice resulted in activation of certain lymphocyte subsets including MHC II-positive cells, CD45+/CD19+ B lymphocytes and natural killer cells (CD16/32+/CD3–). Timescale and magnitude of activation markedly differed for each cell subsets. Mice immunized with mutants M26 and U2 peaked with count of CD16/32+/CD3– expressing cells on day 2 after the second immunization compared with control (p 0.05) that may suggest about an important role for NK cells in activating immune response. In contrast, no significant changes were observed during the study in percentage of CD4+/CD25+/Fox P3 regulatory T cells, CD4+ T helpers and CD8+ cytotoxic cells, except for a sharply decreased count of activated CD4+/CD25+ cells (4-fold) on day 7 after immunization with mutant virus M26. Moreover, mutants U2 and M26 more moderately increased percentage of TLR2- and TLR4-positive cells. The viruses studied ambiguously affected count of TLR9-expressing cells in immunized animals. All viruses increased phagocytic activity in monocytes, but not neutrophils. Despite the moderate activation of innate and adaptive immunity arms, site-specific mutants more profoundly affected humoral reactions inducing increased antibody titers, so that immunogenicity of mutant viruses was higher than that of the cold-adapted reassortant. Thus, the findings hold a promise of using site-specific mutants as live influenza vaccines.
Mimicry between respiratory virus proteins and some human immune proteins
Authors: Zhilinskaya I. N.
Published: May 2020

A comparative analysis on search for amino acid sequences in viral proteins causing respiratory infections (or respiratory infections syndrome) homologous to amino acid sequences from some human immune proteins was performed. The following viruses were used for comparative computer analysis: coronavirus (SARS-CoV), serotype C subgroup adenovirus C (adenoid 71 strain), measles virus (ICHINOSE-BA strain), rubella (Therien strain) and respiratory syncytial (B1 strain) virus. The search for homologous sequences in viral and human immune proteins was carried out by computer comparison of 12 amino acid fragments, which were assigned as homologous at identity in ≥ 8 positions. The data obtained showed that viral proteins contained homologous motifs in several host immune proteins involved in regulating both the inflammatory response and immune response. Mechanistically, all viruses studied were characterized by sequences homologous to host immune proteins such as complement system proteins, integrins, apoptosis inhibitory proteins, interleukins, and toll-like receptors. Such cellular proteins are actively involved in regulating host inflammatory process and immune response formation. Upon that, a set of host immune proteins, to which homologous fragments were found in viral proteins, was individual for each virus. Interestingly, the largest amount of homologous fragments (up to 20) was mainly concentrated in viral proteins with polymerase and protease activity suggesting that these proteins apart to their major role were involved in production of viral nucleic acids and might participate in regulating host immune system. Envelope, internal and non-structural viral proteins, homologous fragments were detected in much smaller quantities (from 1 to 4). In addition, two fragments homologous to various motifs of the same cellular protein were detected in some viral proteins. Thus, the data obtained further support our understanding that signs of immune system disorders in viral infections can result from multi-layered processes associated with modulation of host innate and adaptive immune system, and open up new approaches to study interaction of viruses with host immune system and identify new functions of viral proteins.
IMPROVING THE TECHNOLOGY OF WORK OF MARSHALLING YARDS BASED ON REMOTE ACOUSTIC SOUNDING
Authors: V. V. Burchenkov
Published: May 2020

Purpose. The article analyzes the automatic control systems for train sorting at marshalling yards. It indicates their shortcomings and substantiates the need for digital specification of the coordinates of cars and locomotives position on humping tracks and in the marshalling yard, taking into account inventory numbers of rolling units. Methodology. The principles of influence of low-frequency physical effects on the reflected wavelength in a fiber-optic cable laid along the rails are studied. The fundamental suitability of fiber-optic technologies for distributed acoustic sounding DAS (Distributed Acoustic Sensing) is substantiated. The use efficiency of the DAS system at marshalling yards for continuous monitoring the movement of cars and locomotives and track vacancy and occupancy at sorting stations was assessed. The simulation methodology and reflectogram setting technology for measurements in a fiber-optic cable were used. The use of coordinate-time information to control the location of the hump locomotive, which ensures the automatic positioning of rolling units, is analyzed. Findings. Of great importance is the coordinate determination of the «gaps» at the classification yard in order to reduce unproductive time losses for backup shunting or pulling of cars. The information received from the DAS floor sensors about the number and type of cars in the moving cut can be used to identify «outsiders» at the classification yard. In this case, continuous tracking of the cut will increase the information reliability in the target braking control subsystem at the descending part of the marshalling yard. For automatic determining the inventory numbers of cars using a special computer program for processing video images, it is possible to use the automatic control system of inventory numbers of cars ASKIN. To do this, the software and hardware complex must be supplemented with a driver for reading and writing information flows from video cameras when monitoring trains at the entrance of the receiving tracks of marshalling yards. Originality. Equipment of sorting station tracks with fiber-optic cables and DAS system equipment will make it possible to increase the management efficiency of train making and breaking-up in real time by accurately determining the coordinates of locomotives and cars on station tracks. Practical value. The comprehensive automatic control system of sorting process, supplemented by the DAS systems and the identification of inventory numbers of cars, will ensure maintenance of a complete digital train and car model of the sorting process at the humping and descending parts of the hump and in the sorting yard.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WEAR-RESISTANT CAST IRON ON THE INTERPHASE DISTRIBUTION OF MN AFTER ANNEALING AT 690°C
Authors: V. V. Netrebko
Published: May 2020

Purpose. The article is aimed to obtain the regression dependences of manganese distribution between carbides and the metal base on the content of pig iron C, Cr, Mn and Ni after annealing at 690°C. Methodology. To achieve this purpose cast iron containing 1.09… 3.91% С; 11.43… 25.57% Cr; 0.6… 5.4% Mn; 0.19… 3.01% Ni and 0.8… 1.2% Si have been studied. To obtain reliable results analytical analysis of publications, microstructural and local micro-X-ray spectral methods, mathematical statistics and regression analysis of the obtained dependences were used. Findings. Using the methods of mathematical statistics, regression dependences of the manganese distribution between the phases and the magnitude of its concentration in the metallic basis of high-chromium cast iron on the content of C, Cr, Mn, and Ni after annealing at 690°C were obtained. During annealing, manganese was redistributed by replacing its atoms with chromium atoms in carbides. The effect of chromium and nickel varied significantly according to the content of manganese in cast iron. The minimum values of the manganese distribution coefficient of 0.16 were observed at the minimum carbon and manganese content and the maximum amount of chromium and nickel. The maximum concentration of manganese in the basis of 5.79% was determined with the minimum content of carbon and nickel and the maximum content of chromium and manganese. This made it possible to determine the chemical compositions of cast iron, which provide the required content of manganese in the metal base after annealing at 690°C. Originality. The regression dependences of the manganese content in the base and the coefficient of its interphase distribution on the content in cast iron of C, Cr, Mn and Ni after annealing at 690°C were obtained. Practical value. The obtained dependences of manganese distribution between phases in high-chromium cast iron after annealing at 690°C can be used during the development of the new wear resistant cast irons in the system Fe-C-Cr-Mn-Ni for castings that require heat treatment.
Relationships between substrate and the mobilization of reserve with temperature during seed germination of Ormosia coarctata Jack.
Authors: Reis Luciane Pereira , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e , Souza Genaina Aparecida de , Brito Danielle S.
Published: May 2020

Abstract: Seed germination studies provide essential information for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration programs. This work aimed to investigate the relationship between the substrates and the mobilization of reserves during germination of Ormosia coarctata seeds under different temperatures. Samples were collected every 48 h for up to 240 h for quantification of lipids, soluble sugars, starch, and soluble proteins. The optimum temperature range for germination was 25 to 35 °C. The highest germination percentages were obtained using sand or paper roll. Carbohydrate, lipid, and protein contents decreased during germination, regardless of temperature.