bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suicidal Behavior in the Mediterranean Countries
Authors: Eskin Mehmet
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

Suicidal behavior is a serious public health problem worldwide and shows large intersocietal variation. This study aimed at comparatively investigating the aspects of suicidal behavior in 22 countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.

Methods:

The study was conducted with official data retrieved from several sources. The suicidal mortality data were collected from World Health Organization’s data repository. Descriptive statistics, group comparison, correlational and regression statistical analyses were used to summarize the data.

Results:

The average age standardized suicide rates in the Mediterranean countries are lower than the world average. Except in Morocco, more men kill themselves than women. Suicide rates are lower in Mediterranean Muslim than in Mediterranean Christian countries. Slovenia, France and Croatia have the highest suicide mortality rates. Greatest percentages of suicidal ideation are seen in Croatia, Turkey and Slovenia and the greatest percentages of suicidal attempts are seen in Palestine, Cyprus, Greece and Slovenia. According to the results of the multiple regression analyses, the coefficient of human inequality index was associated with lower both-sex and male suicide rates. Greater percentages of people saying religion is unimportant in daily life in a country were found to be related to higher female suicide rates.

Conclusion:

The findings from the study have shown that the prevalence of suicidal deaths, thoughts and attempts vary between the Mediterranean countries. Lower suicide rates are observed in the Muslim Mediterranean nations than in the Judeo-Christian ones. However, the rates of suicide mortality in non-Arab Muslim nations being comparable to the rates in non-Muslim countries confirm the concerns over mis/underreporting of suicidal behavior in Arab Muslim countries due to religio-cultural stigma attached to suicide. The average suicidal mortality rates are lower in Mediterranean countries than the world average. Generally, more men than women kill themselves. Results from the multivariate analysis revealed that as the level of human inequality increases the rates for both-sex and male suicidal mortality decreases. Religion seem to be protective against female suicides. The study has also shown that more research is needed about suicidal behavior in the Mediterranean countries.
Principal Component Analysis of the Well-Being at Work and Respect for Human Rights Questionnaire (WWRRR) in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Husky Mathilde , Zgueb Yosra , Ouali Uta , A. Gonzalez Cesar I. , Piras Martina , Testa Giorgia , Maleci Alberto , Mulas Alfredo , Montisci Alessandro , Nujedat Samih , Kalcev Goce , Teodorov Iskren , Preti Antonio , Angermeyer Matthias , Carta Mauro Giovanni
Published: August 2020

Background:

The Well-Being at Work and Respect for human Rights Questionnaire (WWRR) was conceived based on the hypothesis that the perception of respect for users' rights is an essential element of well-being in the workplace in healthcare. The objective of the study is to examine the principal components of the WWRR.

Methods:

A random sample representative of a set of professionals working in three different healthcare networks in Tunisia, North-Macedonia, and Italy was enrolled (n=426). Each professional completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic data and the WWRR. The WWRR consists of six items on beliefs about: satisfaction at work, users’ satisfaction, organization at work, respect of users’ and staff human rights, adequacy of resources. A seventh item assesses the perceived needs of personnel. Correlation between the items was evaluated by analysing the principal components with Varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization (which included all components with an Eigen value> 1).

Results:

A single factor covered over 50% of the variance, all the items of the questionnaire were closely related and compose a single factor. Tunisia presented some differences regarding the item about the human rights of staff.

Conclusion:

Satisfaction with the respect for the rights of users is strongly correlated with the other factors that are part of the concept of the organizational well-being of health care providers. The WWRR provides a means of measuring this important and often neglected dimension.
Implementing WHO-Quality Rights Project in Tunisia: Results of an Intervention at Razi Hospital
Authors: Carta Mauro Giovanni , Ghacem Rym , Milka Myriam , Moula Olfa , Staali Nidhal , Uali Uta , Bouakhari Ghassene , Mannu Monica , Refrafi Rym , Yaakoubi Souha , Moro Maria Francesca , Baudel Marie , Vasseur-Bacle Simon , Drew Natalie , Funk Michelle
Published: August 2020

Background:

The aims were: 1) to measure the attitudes of learners (and future trainers) before and after a course on WHO-Quality Rights (QR); 2) to evaluate a psychiatric ward, by previously trained staff on QR, comparing it with a previous evaluation and discussing an improvement plan.

Methods:

1) Training sample: 19 subjects (8 males), 41.4±10.6 years, including jurists/lawyers, health professionals, and experts.

The QR team developed the 26-item tool to assess the knowledge and attitudes of participants.

2) Evaluation of quality of care and respect for human rights in the ward was carried out on 20 staff representatives, 20 family members and 20 users with QRToolkit.

Results:

1) Learning in QR has partially changed the knowledge and attitudes of trained people.

2) The evaluation shows significant delays in the implementation of the rights advocated by the United Nations Convention on the Human Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). In Themes 1, 3, 4 and 5, the evaluation shows no differences compared to 2014, but in Theme 2, the level was lower than four years before.

Conclusion:

The scarcity of resources due to the economic crisis that Tunisia is going through, cannot be considered the only cause of the delays highlighted. However, it is likely that in a context of uncertainty for the future, scarcity of resources and a decrease in staff (i.e., professionals dedicated to psychosocial intervention) may have demotivated the team towards recovery. The improvement in knowledge and attitudes of many staff members after the training may open future positive scenarios.
Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Complicated by Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Disoteo Olga E. , Zampetti Benedetta , Garascia Andrea , Attanasio Roberto , Cozzi Renato
Published: August 2020

A 24-years old female was admitted for acute renal failure, melanoderma, hyponatremia,
and hyperkalemia. The clinical suspicion of Addison’s disease was confirmed by laboratory test and
the appropriate replacement therapy with corticosteroids and fludrocortisone was started. In the meantime
primary hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus type 1 were disclosed and treated, thus fulfilling a
diagnosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2. Eighteen months later she was admitted for
right-sided heart failure. The work-up allowed to diagnose pulmonary arterial hypertension. Here, we
report the clinical course and discuss the putative link between these two rare diseases.
Genomics and Pharmacogenomics of Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Guerra Joaquin , Carril Juan Carlos , Alcaraz Margarita , Santiago Marcos , Corzo Lola , Cacabelos Ramon
Published: August 2020

Background:

Polymorphisms of selected inflammatory and metabolic genes
have been described in the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis, and these effects can be explained
on a pharmacogenetic basis.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is an association between
inflammatory factors and some of these alleles, by associating these genetic variables
with each other.

Methods:

CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, G6PD, NAT2,
UGT1A1, VKORC1, ABCB1, SLCO1B1, APOE, TNF, IL1B, IL6 and IL6R gene polymorphisms
were analyzed by PCR. Drug-metabolizing enzymes were classified according to
their phenotype. Blood cell counts and biochemical parameters were also considered.

Results:

Significant differences were found in the CYP1A2 phenotype, with fewer
CYP1A2 normal metabolizers (NMs) expressing sinusitis (14.3% vs 30%) and a greater
number of CYP1A2 ultra-rapid-metabolizers (UMs)(85% vs 69%); and in TNF, affecting
TNF-A/A (4% vs 2%) and TNF-G/G (78% vs 66%) compared with TNF-G/A (19% vs
32%) carriers. 96% of patients with CRS had at least one G allele. When trigenic variables
involved in sinusitis were analyzed, statistical differences were found in SLCO1B1-TNFCYP1A2,
with a higher proportion of subjects with 1/1-GG-UM (44.3%); and IL1B-TNFCYP1A2
with CC-GG-UM (26%), CT-GG-UM (19.8%) and CC-GG-NM (13.7%) genophenotypes,
respectively. Subjects with sinusitis had a higher eosinophil count (308.80
cel/mcL vs 263.14 cel/mcL) and lower HDL levels (265.34 vs 297.85 mg/dL).

Conclusion:

SLCO1B1-TNF-CYP1A2 and IL1B-TNF-CYP1A2 trigenic clusters may condition
the chronicity of sinusitis. Eosinophilia and HDL are factors involved in inflammation,
and thus in the development of CRS.
Isolation and Characterization of Dillenia Fruit Mucilage: A Novel Polymer for Microspheric Delivery of Losartan Potassium
Authors: Chakraborty Santanu , Khandai Madhusmruti , Dhibar Manami , Yadav Shikha , Kumari Honey
Published: August 2020

Objective:

The present investigation was aimed to isolate, characterize and establish a natural
polymer obtained from partially ripe and fresh fruits of Dillenia indica and its utility to deliver losartan
potassium in a sustained manner from microspheric macromolecular dosage form.

Methods:

All the microspheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation technique and investigated for various
physico-chemical parameters along with in-vitro drug release studies to optimize the concentration
of algino-Dillenia polymeric blend required to develop twice daily sustained release dosage form of
losartan potassium.

Results:

The functional characteristic studies and rheological behavior analysis suggested that extracted
polysaccharide can be used as a viscosity modifying agent as well as sustain release ingredient. All the
microsphere formulations exhibited excellent mucoadhesion properties and site-specific drug release.
In-vitro studies revealed that the optimum concentration of algino-Dillenia polymeric blend is suitable
to deliver losartan potassium in a sustained manner for a prolonged period of time. SEM study revealed
that the microspheres were spherical in shape with a smooth outer surface having small cracks. XRD
and DSC studies revealed that losartan potassium is present as an amorphous form in the prepared optimized
microsphere formulation.

Conclusion:

Thus, the present studies demonstrated that Dillenia fruit mucilage has an interesting rheological
behavior which may be used as a viscosity modifying agent and exhibit promising properties of
a sustained release dosage form to deliver losartan potassium from its microspheric dosage form.
Antioxidant Constituents from the Stem and Leaf of Helicteres hirsuta Loureiro
Authors: Tra Nguyen Thanh , Cham Ba Thi , Ha Nguyen Thi Thu , Anh Le Thi Tu , Tuyen Nguyen Van , Son Ninh The
Published: August 2020

Background::

Helicteres hirsuta has been used traditionally as a useful agent for hepatoprotective
treatment. The aim of the current study is to isolate chemical constituents from the
EtOAc extract of H. hirsuta stem and evaluate the capacity of the isolated compounds against hydroperoxide
damaged rat liver cells.

Methods::

Column chromatography was used for phytochemical isolation whereas MTT method was applied for intracellular antioxidative assay

Results::

Phytochemical analysis of the EtOAc extract of H. hirsuta stem led to the isolation and determination
of four triterpenoids betulin (1), bentulinic acid (2), alphitolic acid (3), and oleanolic
acid (4), together with two steroids stigmast-4-ene-6β-ol-3-one (5), and β-sitostenone (6), whereas
EtOAc extract of its leaf was composed of three steroids cucurbitacin D (11), cucurbitacin I (12),
and simiarenol (13), four flavonoids tiliroside (14), potengriffioside A (15), kaempferide (16), and
isokaempferide (17), along with two carotenoids lutelin (18), and β-carotene (19). Isolated compounds
3, 5, 6, 16, and 17 were found in genus Helicteres for the first time, while carotenoids 18,
and 19 were never isolated from family Sterculiaceae before. Phytochemicals derived H. hirsuta
species are also useful agents for antioxidative drugs, e.g, flavonol 17 induced the significant EC50
value of 22.24 ± 0.14 μg/mL, as compared with that of positive control curcumin (EC50 19.33 ±
0.77 μg/mL), against hydroperoxide damaged rat liver cells.

Conclusion::

Antioxidative activity of the EtOAc extract of H. hirsuta stem against hydroperoxide
is mostly based on the role of flavonoids.
Brain Segmentation Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Mohindru Vandana , Sharma Ashutosh , Mathur Apurv , Gupta Anuj Kumar
Published: August 2020

Background:

The determination of the tumor extent is a major challenging task in
brain tumor planning and quantitative evaluation. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of
the non-intellectual technique that has emerged as a front-line diagnostic tool for a brain tumor
with non-ionizing radiation.

Objective:

In Brain tumors, Gliomas is the very basic tumor of the brain; they might be less aggressive
or more aggressive in a patient with a life expectancy of not more than 2 years. Manual
segmentation is time-consuming, therefore we use a deep convolutional neural network to increase
the performance, which is highly dependent on the operator's experience.

Methods:

This paper proposed a fully automatic segmentation of brain tumors using deep convolutional
neural networks. Further, it uses high-grade gliomas brain images from BRATS 2016 database.
The suggested work achieves brain tumor segmentation using tensor flow, in which, the
anaconda frameworks are used to execute high-level mathematical functions.

Results:

Hence, the research work segments brain tumors into four classes like edema, nonenhancing
tumor, enhancing tumor and necrotic tumor. Brain tumor segmentation needs to separate
healthy tissues from tumor regions, such as advancing tumor, necrotic core, and surrounding
edema. We have presented a process to segment 3D MRI image of a brain tumor including their
separate sub-areas. We have applied an SVM based classification. Categorization is complete using
a soft-margin SVM classifier.

Conclusion:

Deep convolutional neural networks have been used to present the brain tumor segmentation.
Outcomes of the BRATS 2016 online judgment method assure us to increase the performance,
accuracy, and speed with our best model. The fuzzy c-mean algorithm provides better
accuracy and trains the SVM based classifier. We can achieve the finest performance and accuracy
by using the novel two-pathway architecture, i.e.., encoder and decoder, as well as the modeling
local label that depends on stacking two CNN’s.
Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Authors: Chauhan Pratima , Kushwaha Pratishtha
Published: August 2020

Iron Oxide nanoparticles, by the help of legitimate surface science, have been broadly
utilized tentatively in many living organism applications, for example, magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI), drug delivery, repair of tissue, immunobiology, hyperthermia, detoxification of natural
liquids, to differentiate improvement between low and high contrast tissues, in cell partition and so
on. Moreover, these applications need exceptional non-toxic and biocompatible surface covering
of the attractive particles to permit a targetable conveyance with molecular restriction in a particular
territory. The general size of the colloid can be estimated ordinarily of the surface covering and
the resulting spatial course of action adjacent to the nanoparticles, and it additionally assumes a
critical job in bio-kinetics and bio-distribution of nanoparticles in the body. The kinds of surface
coatings, for this sort of nanoparticles, rely upon the kind of application and ought to be picked by
remembering a specific application, regardless of whether it is gone for aggravation reaction or
anti-cancer agents. In this paper, the manufactured science, liquid adjustment, and surface change
of Iron Oxide nanoparticles, just as their utilization for biomedical applications, are examined.
Efficient Wormlike Micelles for the Controlled Delivery of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Sharmiladevi P. , Breghatha M. , Dhanavardhini K. , Priya R. , Girigoswami K. , Girigoswami A.
Published: August 2020

Background:

In order to improve the solubility and carrying capacity of anticancer
drugs to the targeted cells, a potential nanoformulation is needed.

Objective:

Viscoelastic wormlike micelles (WLM) have been reported in the present study.

Methods:

The elongated and flexible aggregates of amphiphiles were formed due to the selforganization
when the amphiphile concentration was fixed at its CMC and the sodium salicylate
concentration was varied for the optimization.

Results:

The stable structure, higher density, higher viscosity and potent cell killing effect at lower concentration
of the drug was observed at 480 μM concentration of sodium salicylate. The doxorubicin release
profile showed a clear sustained release after 20 h, and 82% of the drug has been released after 72 h.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the designed WLMs can be used as efficient drug delivery vehicles for the
treatment of cancer.
Photonics Crystal Fiber-based Cyanide Detection in THz Regime
Authors: Podder Etu , Hossain Mohammad B. , Rahaman Mohammad E. , Bulbul Abdullah A.-M. , Mondal Himadri S.
Published: August 2020

Background::

Cyanide is an immensely poisonous chemical that is exceedingly noxious
to the human body.

Methods::

Considering this issue, we present a Rectangular core photonic crystal fiber (RPCF) to
detect the cyanide. Zeonex is chosen as base material and the investigation is accomplished in the
terahertz (THz) frequency region.

Results::

The RPCF model proffers high sensitivity, enlarged effective area, and insignificant confinement
loss.

Conclusion::

It is very worthy to note that the proposed model structure can be fabricated by applying
the existing fabrication techniques.
Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Anne Charishma Venkata Sai , S. Karthikeyan , Arun Chelliah
Published: August 2020

Background:

Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome
the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification
process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate
suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector

Objective:

In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst
for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil.

Methods:

The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by
various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy
Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response
surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst
load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield.

Results:

The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol
to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass
spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of
both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters.

Conclusion:

Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste
cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and
also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.
Defensive Role of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Indole and Its’ Derivatives
Authors: Mulat Mulugeta , Anand Raksha , Khan Fazlurrahman
Published: August 2020

The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule
at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of
drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been
found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria,
plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive
role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of
the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from
the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that
may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized
recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems.
The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative
in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives
(natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also
been discussed.
Effects of Various Stress Conditions to Enhance Polyhydroxyalkanoates Accumulation in Wickerhamomyces anomalus VIT-NN01
Authors: Ojha Nupur , Das Nilanjana
Published: August 2020

Background:

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are polyesters produced by various microorganisms.
The major drawback of PHA, which is restricting its large-scale production in industries, is its
high cost of raw materials and lower PHA concentration.

Objective:

The present study aimed to enhance the production of PHA from Wickerhamomyces anomalus
VIT-NN01 by optimizing various nutrient and environmental stress conditions and its characterization.

Methods:

Effect of various stress conditions viz. nitrogen limitation, salinity, chemical mutagens (acridine
orange, sodium azide), and physical stresses (UV, Low Electric Current (LEC), Magnetic Field
Intensity (MFI), sound waves) were optimized to screen the best strategic growth conditions for the
maximum accumulation of PHA in W. anomalus VIT-NN01. Instrumental analysis was done to evaluate
the various changes that occurred in the treated cells and extracted PHA.

Results:

The maximum PHA content was observed on the effect of sound waves (88.74%), followed
by LEC (87.8%) and MFI (85.75%). The morphological changes in length, shape, and size of the treated
W. anomalus cells were observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Smooth, porous
matrix, and pseudo spherical microstructure of the extracted PHA were observed by scanning electron
microscopy and TEM analysis. The extracted polymer was identified as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-
hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] co-polymer comprised of 51.66% 3HB and 48.33% 3HV monomer
units based on gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic
analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the extracted P(3HB-co-
3HV). The degradation and melting temperatures were found to be 275.9 and 113.8°C, respectively,
through thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis.

Conclusion:

These results supported the potentiality of W. anomalus, which tolerated the stress conditions
and enhanced P(3HB-co-3HV) production from 60 to 88.74% and showed the novelty of present
work. This is the first report elucidating the importance of physical stress conditions viz. low electric
current, magnetic field intensity, and sound waves for the significant enhancement of PHA production
in yeast.
Understanding Molecular Process and Chemotherapeutics for the Management of Breast Cancer
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Masand Neeraj , Patil Vaishali M.
Published: August 2020

Breast cancer is the most common and highly heterogeneous neoplastic disease
comprised of several subtypes with distinct molecular etiology and clinical behaviours. The
mortality observed over the past few decades and the failure in eradicating the disease is due
to the lack of specific etiology, molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression
of breast cancer. Understanding of the molecular classes of breast cancer may also lead
to new biological insights and eventually to better therapies. The promising therapeutic targets
and novel anti-cancer approaches emerging from these molecular targets that could be
applied clinically in the near future are being highlighted. In addition, this review discusses
some of the details of current molecular classification and available chemotherapeutics.
In Silico Investigation of Luminol, Its Analogues and Mechanism of Chemiluminescence for Blood Identification Beyond Forensics
Authors: Fatoki Toluwase H.
Published: August 2020

Objective:

This study aimed at discovering chemiluminescent analogues of luminol, predict their molecular binding to hemoglobin of bloodstains in household crime, and expound the mechanism of chemiluminescence of luminol.

Materials and Methods:

Similarity and clustering analyses of luminol analogues were conducted, and molecular docking was carried out using hemoglobin from Homo sapiens and four domestic organisms namely Gallus gallus, Drosophila melanogaster, Rattus norvegicus, and Canis familiaris.

Results:

The results showed the order of overall binding score as D. melanogaster > H. sapiens > C. familiaris > R. norvegicus > G. gallus. Seven compounds namely ZINC16958228, ZINC17023010, ZINC19915427, ZINC34928954, ZINC19915369, ZINC19915444, and ZINC82294978, were found to be consistently stable in binding with diverse hemoglobin and possibly have chemiluminescence than luminol in this in silico study. The interaction of human hemoglobin with luminol and its analogues, showed that amino acid residues His45, Lys61, Asn68, Val73, Met76, Pro77, Ala79, Ala82, Leu83, Pro95, Phe98, Lys99, Ser102, Ser133, Ala134, and Thr134, were possibly significant in the mechanism of action of presumptive test compounds. It was hypothesized that the improved mechanism of chemiluminescent for the identification of blood was based on peroxidase-like reaction, that produces nitric oxide which binds to hemoglobin (Hb) and inhibits Hb degradation without yielding fluorescent products. The compound 2,3-benzodioxine-1,4,5(6H)-trione was formed, which possibly emits light.

Conclusion:

This study provides novel insight on the luminol and its expanded mechanism for broader possible applications with careful development of new methodologies.
Structures and Materials of System-in-Package: A Review
Authors: Tian Wenchao , Wang Chuqiao , Zhao Zhanghan , Cui Hao
Published: August 2020

Background:

As a new type of advanced packaging and system integration technology, System-
in-Package (SiP) can realize the miniaturization and multi-functionalization of electronic products
and is listed as an important direction of development by International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors
(ITRS).

Objective:

This paper mainly introduces and discusses recent academic research and patents on package
structure and packaging materials. Additionally, the trend of development is described.

Methods:

Firstly, we analyze and summarize the challenges and existing problems in SiP. Then the
corresponding solutions are introduced with respect to packaging structure and packaging materials.
Finally, the research status of SIP and some patents in these aspects are reviewed.

Results:

In order to increase the density of internal components, SiP products need to use a stacked
structure. The causes of different performance in SiP products are: 1) the stress concentration and bonding
quality problems caused by the chip stack structure; 2) the warpage and package thickness problems
caused by the package stack; 3) thermal conductivity of materials and thermal mismatch between materials;
and 4) dielectric properties and thermomechanical reliability of materials. The following solutions
are summarized: 1) structural optimization of chip stacking and packaging stacking; 2) application of
new packaging technology; 3) optimization of packaging materials; 4) and improvement of packaging
material processing technology.

Conclusion:

With the study of packaging structure and packaging materials, SiP can meet the requirements
of the semiconductor industry and have great future prospects.
Recent Advances on Cellulose Sulfuric Acid as Sustainable and Environmentally Benign Organocatalyst for Organic Transformations
Authors: Agarwal Shalini , Lathwal Ankit , Nath Mahendra
Published: August 2020

Cellulose sulfuric acid has proved its competence as a potential bio-compatible, non-toxic,
and inexpensive heterogeneous solid acid catalyst in synthetic organic chemistry. Owing to its remarkable
properties, such as non-hygroscopic nature, recyclability, superior catalytic activity and high
stability, it has been actively explored as an efficient and biodegradable organocatalyst in diverse
chemical transformations of synthetic relevance. This review attempts to summarize a significant advancement
and catalytic applications of cellulose sulfuric acid for the synthesis of a plethora of biologically
relevant organic molecules.
Catalytic Air Oxidation of Refractory Organics in Wastewater
Authors: Jing Qi , li Huan
Published: August 2020

Catalytic air oxidation (CAO) is an economical, environmentally friendly, and efficient
technology used to treat wastewater that contains refractory organics. This review analyzes recent
studies regarding five common types of CAO that use external energy sources (heat, light radiation,
microwave, and electricity) or non-oxidizing chemical promoters (nitrites and sulfites). Methods
include hydrothermal, electro-assisted, photocatalytic, microwave-assisted, and non-oxidizing
chemical-assisted CAO. The associated catalytic mechanisms are discussed in detail in order to explain
the connections between CAO catalytic pathways. Mechanisms include O2 activation via excitation,
free-radical autocatalytic reactions, and coordination catalysis. Classical kinetic mechanisms,
including Mars-van Krevelen and Langmuir-Hinshelwood, are also proposed to reveal
overall CAO dynamic processes. The catalysts used in each CAO technology are summarized, with
a focus on their catalytic pathways and the methods by which they might be improved. Finally, important
challenges and research directions are proposed. The proposals focus on further research regarding
catalyst mechanisms, mechanism-guided catalyst design, and process improvement.
A Unique Platinum/Titania/Polymer Based Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Heterostructure for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Ragsdale William , Zanette Rikelli , Electo Ana Paula , Subramanian Vaidyanathan R. , Gupta Satyajit
Published: August 2020

This work delineates synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of a ‘hybrid
organic-inorganic’ catalyst system, that consists of titanium dioxide (TiO2), platinum (Pt) and a conductive
polymer (polypyrrole). The nanocomposite photocatalyst was developed to enhance exciton
separation in the large band-gap oxide semiconductor (TiO2) by depositing a noble metal co-catalyst
(Pt) at the surface. The hybrid nanocomposite was constructed through sequential sequestration of the
building blocks i.e., the monomer (pyrrole) and the metal (Pt) salt, using a photo-deposition technique.
At the same time, improvement for light absorbance as compared to pristine TiO2 was realized
through the deposition of a conducting polymer (polypyrrole) at the surface of the semiconductor. The
polypyrrole provides a pathway for hole migration, thereby increasing the overall lifetime of the separated
charges. The benefit of this architecture is demonstrated through an enhanced degradation
(~40% increase) of an industrial dye, methyl orange as a representative example, under visible-light
illumination compared to unmodified TiO2. Furthermore, photo(electro)chemical analysis of the composite
offered valuable insights into the charge transport mechanism. It led to the conclusion that photo
illumination results in the participating components to (a) enable visible light absorbance and, (b)
facilitate charge separation and utilization at the hetero-interfaces leading to redox activity. Insights
into the mechanism of charge separation and transport from chronopotentiometric analysis suggest
that the assembly is successful and works as desired.
Coordinated Roadmap to Grip Pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Kharwade Rohini S. , More Sachin M.
Published: August 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 named COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported in Wuhan city of Hubei Province of China become a
global pandemic. Genomic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 unveils which showed multiple mutations relative
to SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 showed a very high receptor-binding domain (RBD) affinity towards
the ACE-2 receptor in host cells, similar to SARS. Lack of immediate supervision and diagnostic measures
hurdles prevention and treatment strategies against COVID-19. However, from SARS and MERS
epidemics, WHO launched SOLIDARITY, a strategic and technical advisory group for infection hazards
(STAG-IH) for the regular supervision and alert, which identified the estimated risk of COVID-19 and
recommended the health emergence program to respond COVID-19. This article will briefly review the
rationale history, structural genome with mutation, pathogenesis, preventive measure, and targeted
treatment strategy to handle this pandemic COVID-19.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ THINKING ABILITY IN PHYSICS USING INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA BASED PROBLEM SOLVING
Authors: Manurung Sondang R , Panggabean Deo Demonta
Published: August 2020

Interactive multimedia based learning containing problem solving may have been researched, however there are stigma that learning how to do problem solving conventionally particularly for colleague students is still favorable. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate factors affect the student learning outcomes. The independent variable is a teaching method in the form of interactive multimedia based on problem solving (IMM-PS) and the dependent variable is students' thinking ability in physics.  Specifically, this study aims to analyze the problem solving abilities of students in physics education programs after they have been exposed to interactive multimedia based problem solving methods. The research type is quasi-experiment. The sample were second year physics education students who studying wave electric magnetic subjects, as many as seventy students. The test of science process skills in the form of formal descriptions as well as reasoning tests in the form of descriptions were used as instruments for this study. The results show that the problem solving ability of students who study physics using interactive multi-media based problem solving is better than students who learn through conventional methods.
EVALUATION OF THE BODILY-KINESTHETIC INTELLIGENCE MODEL IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHING IN INDONESIA PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Suhadi Suhadi , Soegiyanto Soegiyanto , Rahman Hari Amirruloh , Sulaiman Sulaiman
Published: August 2020

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence model refers to a person's potential to body fact system via hand and physique movement, control, and expression. This model is still rarely known in Indonesian primary school. The aim of this research was to determine the current bodily-kinesthetic intelligence model in physical education teaching for primary schoolers. Descriptive research was conducted with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The sample of this study was physical education teachers and primary school students. Literature review of the documents, questionnaire, observation, video recordings, photography and diary were used to explore the level of the student mind and fitness body. The result showed that the current Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence model in Physical Education Teaching did not allow the appearance of increasing the maximum of their physical and mental abilities. In conclusion, this study gives the assessment model of student human kinetic in order to fix the current issue of competence evaluation. Physical education teachers need to improve their teaching methods to allow students to reach physical and mental performance.
A Rapid Electronic Cognitive Assessment Measure for Multiple Sclerosis: Validation of Cognitive Reaction, an Electronic Version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test
Authors: Middleton Rod M , Pearson Owen R , Ingram Gillian , Craig Elaine M , Rodgers William J , Downing-Wood Hannah , Hill Joseph , Tuite-Dalton Katherine , Roberts Christopher , Watson Lynne , Ford David V , Nicholas Richard ,   UK MS Register Research Group
Published: August 2020

Background

Incorporating cognitive testing into routine clinical practice is a challenge in multiple sclerosis (MS), given the wide spectrum of both cognitive and physical impairments people can have and the time that testing requires. Shortened paper and verbal assessments predominate but still are not used routinely. Computer-based tests are becoming more widespread; however, changes in how a paper test is implemented can impact what exactly is being assessed in an individual. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is one validated test that forms part of the cognitive batteries used in MS and has some computer-based versions. We developed a tablet-based SDMT variant that has the potential to be ultimately deployed to patients’ own devices.

Objective

This paper aims to develop, validate, and deploy a computer-based SDMT variant, the Cognition Reaction (CoRe) test, that can reliably replicate the characteristics of the paper-based SDMT.

Methods

We carried out analysis using Pearson and intraclass correlations, as well as a Bland-Altman comparison, to examine consistency between the SDMT and CoRe tests and for test-retest reliability. The SDMT and CoRe tests were evaluated for sensitivity to disability levels and age. A novel metric in CoRe was found: question answering velocity could be calculated. This was evaluated in relation to disability levels and age for people with MS and compared with a group of healthy control volunteers.

Results

SDMT and CoRe test scores were highly correlated and consistent with 1-month retest values. Lower scores were seen in patients with higher age and some effect was seen with increasing disability. There was no learning effect evident. Question answering velocity demonstrated a small increase in speed over the 90-second duration of the test in people with MS and healthy controls.

Conclusions

This study validates a computer-based alternative to the SDMT that can be used in clinics and beyond. It enables accurate recording of elements of cognition relevant in MS but offers additional metrics that may offer further value to clinicians and people with MS.
Impact of Remote Titration Combined With Telemonitoring on the Optimization of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for Patients With Heart Failure: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Artanian Veronica , Rac Valeria E , Ross Heather J , Seto Emily
Published: August 2020

Background

Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), optimized to maximum tolerated doses, has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). Timely use and optimization of GDMT can improve HF symptoms, reduce the burden of hospitalization, and increase survival rates, whereas GDMT deferral may worsen the progression of HF, decrease survival rates, and predispose patients to poor outcomes. However, studies indicate that GDMT remains underused, with less than 25% of patients receiving target doses in clinical practice. Telemonitoring is a potential component in the management of HF that can provide reliable and real-time physiological data for clinical decision support and facilitate remote titration of medication.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of remote titration facilitated by telemonitoring on health care outcomes, with a primary outcome measure being the proportion of patients achieving target doses. The secondary objective is to identify the barriers and facilitators that can affect the implementation and effectiveness of the intervention.

Methods

A mixed methods study of a smartphone-based telemonitoring system is being conducted at the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (PMCC), University Health Network, Toronto. The study is based on an effectiveness-implementation hybrid design and incorporates process evaluations alongside the assessment of clinical outcomes. The effectiveness research component is assessed by a two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) aiming to enroll 108 patients. The RCT compares a remote titration strategy that uses data from a smartphone-based telemonitoring system with a standard titration program consisting of in-office visits. The implementation research component consists of a qualitative study based on semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of clinicians and patients.

Results

Patient recruitment began in January 2019 at PMCC, with a total of 76 participants recruited by February 24, 2020 (39 in the intervention group and 37 in the control group). The final analysis is expected to be completed by the winter of 2021.

Conclusions

This study will be among the first to provide evidence on the implementation of remote titration facilitated by telemonitoring and its impact on patient health outcomes. The successful use of telemonitoring for this purpose has the potential to alter the existing approach to titration of HF medication and support the development of a care delivery model that combines clinic visits with virtual follow-ups.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04205513; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04205513

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/19705
Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Lifestyle Behaviors and Their Association With Subjective Well-Being Among the General Population in Mainland China: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hu Zhao , Lin Xuhui , Chiwanda Kaminga Atipatsa , Xu Huilan
Published: August 2020

Background

The world is experiencing an unprecedented challenge due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, it is unclear whether people’s lifestyles will change as a result.

Objective

The aim of this study is to explore perceived lifestyle changes after the outbreak of COVID-19 and their association with subjective well-being (SWB) among the general population in Mainland China.

Methods

An online survey was conducted in May 2020. Lifestyle behaviors including leisure-time physical exercise, leisure-time screen time, and dietary intake were self-reported. SWB was measured using the General Wellbeing Schedule (GWS). Other covariates including sociodemographic factors, self-rated physical health, perceived social support, and loneliness were also assessed by a structured questionnaire. A multivariate ordinal regression method was used to analyze the association between SWB and lifestyle behaviors as well as perceived lifestyle changes.

Results

A total of 1033 participants aged between 18 and 60 years were included in this study. The mean GWS score was 71.7 points. About 70% of the respondents reported spending more time looking at screens, whereas about 30% reported an increased frequency of vegetable and fruit intake after the outbreak of COVID-19. Inactive physical exercise (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.48), infrequent vegetable intake (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.90), infrequent fruit intake (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.70), and often skipping breakfast (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.08-1.91) were associated with lower SWB after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, self-rated physical health, perceived social support, and loneliness. Moreover, participants who perceived a decrease in the frequency of vegetable, fruit, and breakfast intake were more likely to report lower SWB.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic may have positive and negative impacts on different aspects of lifestyle behaviors. Both unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and negative lifestyle changes were associated with lower SWB. These findings provide scientific evidence that can inform lifestyle guidelines and public mental health interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Fitness App: A Diet-Mobile App (Preprint)
Authors: Albert Josep , Pifarré Marc , Vilaplana Jordi , Mateo Jordi , Rius Josep , Solsona Francesc
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Nowadays, the healthy lifestyle is on the rise. Many people are aware of its benefits, and this trend is spreading to all sectors of the population. People’s efforts are directed towards controlling their diet, healthy activities and sports. Current mobile-app diet services can be improved by ensuring a user-friendly interface.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this work is to develop a useful, user-friendly interface, and a robust and efficient app that provides health tips and customized features.

METHODS

An Android and iOS cross-platform application was developed using the Xamarin and MvvmCross platforms. It generates customized daily menus using monitored user data, such as weight, the water drunk, age, body type and measurements. Additional features, such as cloud syncing, voice commands and custom user interface, were developed.

RESULTS

Robustness, usability (42-participant sample), and efficiency (6 different devices) were measured. The application is robust, user-friendly and efficient. Its features were adequate compared to similar apps in the literature.

CONCLUSIONS

The Fitness App is a very useful app for beginners and non-beginners in the fitness world. Overall, it is a good tool that helps people meet their fitness goals.

CLINICALTRIAL
Review: Toxicology testing of new medicines for children (Preprint)
Authors: Dreshaj Dardan , Pasha Flaka
Published: August 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Abstract
-Objectives
This review represents a critical and constructive analysis of literature in the content of toxicology testing of new medicines for children. The review is generated through summary, classification, analysis and comparison of already existing material and researches on field.
-Materials and methods
Databases as Scopus, PubMed, Medline and Web of Science were used to extract data for the review. Search terms like “juvenile toxicity studies”, “children toxicology”, “testing of new drugs” were used. Out of 150 research articles screened, 25 most relevant studies are included in this review.
-Results
Whether juvenile animal toxicology studies are truly useful or necessary to support pediatric drug development is still doubtful. The current knowledge on cross-species functional and kinetic differences is not reliable, meaning that extrapolation of any toxicology study finding to an immature human may not be relevant, especially if performed at the wrong time and in the wrong species.
-Conclusion
Even though, great improvements and regulatory initiatives regarding juvenile toxicity studies have been accomplished, unfortunately testing new drugs in children still remains on its initial stage and lags behind to other scientific developments. In order to narrow down the juvenile toxicity studies loophole, we need to improve compliance by drug companies and research sponsors with pediatric trial obligations.