bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incretin Therapy and Insulin Signaling: Therapeutic Targets for Diabetes And Associated Dementia
Authors: Joshi Deepika
Published: March 2024

:

Dementia is the primary cause of disability and dependence among the elderly population
worldwide. The population living with dementia is anticipated to double in the next 17
years. Recent studies show the fact that compared to people without diabetes, people with Type 2
Diabetes (T2D) have about a 60% increased chance of developing dementia. In addition to cholinergic
function being downregulated, improper insulin signalling also has a negative impact on
synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. Type 2 diabetes and dementia share various similar
pathophysiological components. The ageing of the population and the ensuing rise in dementia
prevalence are both results of ongoing medical advancements. It is possible that restoring insulin
signaling could be a helpful therapy against dementia, as it is linked to both diminished cognitive
function and the development of dementia, including AD. This review article comprehensively
focused on scientific literature to analyze the relationship of Dementia with diabetes, recent experimental
studies, and insight into incretin-based drug therapy for diabetes-related dementia.
Opportunities and Regulatory Challenges of Functional Foods and
Nutraceuticals During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jose Jobin , Ndang Keyidaule , Chethana Madhusoodhana Ballakkuraya , Chinmayi Chikmagalur Srinath , Afrana Khatheeja , Gopan Gopika , Parambi Della Grace Thomas , Munjal Kavita , Chopra Hitesh , Dhyani Archana , Kamal Mohammad Amjad
Published: March 2024

:

The novel Coronavirus has brought global mortality, disruption, and a significant loss
of life. A compromised immune system is a known risk factor for all viral influenza infections.
Due to the perceived “immune-boosting” properties of nutraceutical products, sales of dietary supplements have grown globally. In recent years, consumers have increasingly demanded nutraceutical products rather than curative synthetic medicines for preventive therapies for the coronavirus
disease outbreak of 2019 (COVID-19). Healthy foods and nutraceuticals have become daily diet
plans for consumers. Although there has been an increase in demand, there is no such regulation
and harmonized process, which stands as a barrier to the approval of these products. Therefore,
many misbranded and spurious products are entering the market, which may harm consumers.
This article focuses on the role of functional foods and nutraceutical in the management of
COVID-19 also focuses on the different nutraceutical regulations in each country and compare the
similarities and differences of the following countries: India, the USA (United States of America),
the EU (European Union), and China. The comparative study of nutraceutical regulations in India,
the USA, Europe, and China shows that there is a difference regarding the nutraceutical regulations; however, despite the differences, it is observed that it has the same underlying objective,
i.e., ensuring the safety of the consumers by maintaining the product quality.
Withdrawn: Percutaneous Multi-angle Thread Needle for Two- or Three-part Unstable Fractures of the Proximal Humerus in Older Population
Authors: Liu Changcheng
Published: March 2024

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s request
to fulfill the editorial requirement, the article has been
withdrawn.

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for any inconvenience this may have caused.

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when the article is accepted for publication.
Biochemical and In Silico Studies on Triazole Derivatives as Tyrosinase
Inhibitors: Potential Treatment of Hyperpigmentation Related Skin
Disorders
Authors: Choudhary Yusra , Atia-tul-Wahab  , epub Humaira , Siddiqui Salman , Khan Majid , Khan Khalid M. , Asseri Amer H. , Choudhary M. Iqbal , Atta-ur-Rahman
Published: March 2024

Introduction::

Tyrosinase is a versatile, glycosylated copper-containing oxidase enzyme
that mainly catalyzes the biosynthesis of melanin in mammals. Its overexpression leads to the
formation of excess melanin, resulting in hyperpigmentary skin disorders, such as dark spots,
melasma, freckles, etc. Therefore, inhibition of tyrosinase is a therapeutic approach for the treatment
of hyperpigmentation.

Method::

The current study focused on evaluating tyrosinase inhibitory activities of triazole derivatives
1-20, bearing different substituents on the phenyl ring. 17 derivatives have shown a potent
tyrosinase inhibition with IC50 values between 1.6 to 13 μM, as compared to the standard drug, i.e.,
kojic acid (IC50 = 24.1 ± 0.5 μM). Particularly, compounds 11 and 15 displayed 12 times more
potent inhibitory effects than the kojic acid.

Result::

The structure-activity relationship revealed that substituting halogens at the C-4 position
of the benzene ring renders remarkable anti-tyrosinase activities. Compounds 1-3 and 8 showed a
competitive type of inhibition, while compounds 5, 11, and 15 showed a non-competitive mode of
inhibition. Next, we performed molecular docking analyses to study the binding modes and interactions
between the ligands (inhibitors) and the active site of the tyrosinase enzyme (receptor). Besides
this, we have assessed the toxicity profile of inhibitors on the BJ human fibroblast cell line.

Conclusion::

The majority of the newly identified tyrosinase inhibitors were found to be noncytotoxic.
The results presented herein form the basis of further studies on triazole derivatives as
potential drug leads against tyrosinase-related diseases.
Effects of Salvianolate Injection on the Pharmacodynamics and
Pharmacokinetics of Warfarin in Rats In vivo
Authors: Zhao Yue , Sun Jiahui , Xu Shiwei , Liu Yan , Qin Mengnan , Yang Chunjuan , Liu Gaofeng
Published: March 2024

Background::

Both Salvianolate Injection and warfarin are widely prescribed in patients
with cardiovascular diseases, but the interaction between them is unknown and needs to be investigated.

Objective::

This research aims to study the effects and mechanism of Salvianolate Injection on the
pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats.

Methods::

Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected Salvianolate Injection (18 mg/kg) with or
without oral administration of warfarin (0.2 mg/kg). A coagulation analyzer evaluated prothrombin
time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). International normalized ratio (INR)
was calculated based on PT. UPLC-MS/MS combined with a chiral column was used to separate and
measure the plasma concentration of R-warfarin and S-warfarin. Agilent SB-C18 column (1.8 μm,
2.1 mm × 50 mm) was used for separation, column temperature at 20°C. The isocratic mobile phase
was acetonitrile-aqueous ammonium acetate (5 mM, pH 4) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min and 11.5 min
for each injection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 2.0 software.

Results::

Salvianolate Injection increased PT and INR (p < 0.05), while APTT was unaffected (p >
0.05). Compared with the warfarin group, the co-administration of Salvianolate Injection and singledose
warfarin enlarged PT and INR (p < 0.05). Similar increases in pharmacokinetic parameters of
R-warfarin and S-warfarin, including Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, t1/2, and CL/F (p < 0.05), were observed
in the co-administration group. A steady-state study of warfarin indicated that PT and INR in the coadministration
group are longer than those in the warfarin group (p < 0.05). On days 7th and 8th of
warfarin treatment (two and three days after Salvianolate Injection treatment), the plasma concentration
of R-warfarin increased by 47.22% and 50.16% (p < 0.05), and plasma concentration of Swarfarin
increased by 32.39% and 45.99% (p < 0.05), respectively.

Conclusion::

Salvianolate Injection exhibits an anticoagulation effect in rats. Salvianolate Injection
can enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by slowing metabolism and increasing the concentration
of both enantiomers. These results suggest that the combination of Salvianolate Injection and
warfarin should be avoided or closely monitored in case of increasing bleeding risk.
Hyperoxic-hypoxic Paradox: Breast Cancer Microenvironment and an Innovative
Treatment Strategy
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes
Published: March 2024

A small therapeutic range of oxygen is required for effective metabolism. As a result, hypoxia (low
oxygen concentration) is one of the most potent inducers of gene expression, metabolic alterations, and regenerative
processes, such as angiogenesis, stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The cellular response
is controlled by sensing the increased oxygen levels (hyperoxia) or hypoxia via specific chemoreceptor cells.
Surprisingly, changes in free oxygen concentration instead of absolute oxygen levels may be regarded as a deficiency
of oxygen at the cellular level. Recurrent intermittent hyperoxia may trigger many mediators of cellular
pathways typically generated during hypoxia. The dilemma of hyperoxic-hypoxic conditions is known as the
hyperoxic-hypoxic paradox. According to the latest data, the hypoxic microenvironment, crucial during cancer
formation, has been demonstrated to play a key role in regulating breast cancer growth and metastasis. Hypoxic
circumstances cause breast cancer cells to respond in a variety of ways. Transcription factors are identified as
hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) that have been suggested to be a factor in the pathobiology of breast cancer and
a possible therapeutic target, driving the cellular response to hypoxia. Breast cancer has a dismal prognosis due to
a high level of resistance to practically all well-known cancer management that has been related to hypoxia-based
interactions between tumor cells and the stromal milieu. We attempt to review the enigma by exploring the starring
roles of HIFs in breast cancer, the HIF paradox, and the hyperoxic-hypoxic enigma.
The Influence of Additional Virtual Synchronous Generator Technology in VSC-MTDC Systems with Wind Power on System Frequency
Authors: Li Congshan , Zhao Kefeng , He Ping , Zhen Zikai
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

A frequency control strategy is proposed based on additional virtual synchronous
generator technology for voltage source converter-based multi-terminal high voltage direct
current systems with wind power.

Method:

This strategy addresses the system's inertia reduction and frequency stability issues caused
by integrating large amounts of wind power through multi-terminal DC transmission. Firstly, the
virtual synchronous generator mathematical model is constructed based on the system structure. Secondly,
for the problem of zero rotational inertia of voltage source converter in a flexible DC transmission
system, based on the P-U droop control method of the converter station, additional virtual
synchronous control generation technology is applied to simulate the P-f droop characteristics of the
synchronous generator by adding virtual rotational inertia, so that the converter has the inertial response
of synchronous generator to realize primary frequency regulation.

Result:

Finally, the simulation is verified on the PSCAD/ EMTDC platform with an example of a
three-terminal parallel MTDC transmission system.

Conclusion:

the analyzed results demonstrate that the virtual synchronous generator control strategy
is very valuable and useful for improving the frequency performance of the system.
A Brief Review on Medicinal and Edible Aspects of Ziziphus nummularia
Authors: Rani Poonam , Garg Munish , Chugh Chirag , Rathi Shikha , Dhankhar Sanchit , Garg Nitika , Chauhan Samrat , Saharan Renu , Kumar Suresh
Published: March 2024

Ziziphus genus, as traditional medicine, plays a major role in treating many different
diseases, such as pain, fever, diabetes, inflammation, and GIT disorders. Ziziphus is widely
found in tropical regions. In humans, Ziziphus species are generally safe, as well as non-toxic.
Ziziphus nummularia is native to Western India’s Thar Desert, South-Eastern Pakistan, as well
as the Southern Iran region. The plant has tremendous medicinal potential. It is also used in traditional
as well as folklore systems of medicine.
The Level of Knowledge and Performance of Iranian Medical Students in The Second Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shahvardizadeh Mohammad Shahin , Rezaei Faranak , Halimi Shahnaz , Delfani Somayeh , Shakib Pegah , Soroush Setareh
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

It has been four years since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition
to medical professionals, medical students have also been at the forefront of the fight against this
pandemic and, like them, have been highly susceptible to the virus. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the level of knowledge of Iranian medical students about COVID-19, preventive behaviors,
and their perception of risk in the second year of this pandemic.

Methods:

The study was conducted from January to October 2021 (during the fourth and fifth waves
of COVID-19) on Iranian medical students who were undergoing clinical courses in university hospitals.
In this study, an online questionnaire consisting of 48 questions in Persian was provided to the
students.

Results:

After sending an electronic questionnaire to the students, 401 medical students from
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences participated in the survey. Of these, 62.8% were studying
medicine in the medical field. About 66.1%, 69.1%, and 54.9% of medical students considered
common antiviral drugs, traditional medicine, and the flu vaccine to be ineffective in preventing
COVID-19, respectively. To effectively prevent the transmission of COVID-19, 72.6% of medical
students used 3-layer surgical masks, 18.7% relied on hand washing and personal hygiene alone,
73.6% advocated for mask usage by all members of the community, and 47.4% believed in using
N95 masks during intubation, suction, bronchoscopy, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In terms of
information sources, 65.1% of medical students trusted the opinions of doctors and nurses, and
40.6% obtained necessary information about the disease from these healthcare professionals.

Conclusions:

The basic and clinical knowledge of medical students was at an average level, indicating
the need for retraining courses to update their information and impart current knowledge. The
normalization of epidemic conditions for medical staff and the students under their supervision was
not prevalent among the students. This not only increases the likelihood of individuals contracting the
disease multiple times but also poses a potential source of contamination for society. Therefore, conducting
educational workshops in this field can significantly impact compliance with health protocols.
Comparison of Changes in Liver Function Tests in Pregnant Women with Mild and Severe COVID-19
Authors: Pooransari Parichehr , Pouransari Razieh , Gharib Laki Mahboobeh , Abedi Asl Zhila , Yavari Samira , Hosseiniara Reza
Published: March 2024

Objective:

Some pregnancies are affected by liver dysfunction, and differentiating them
from possible liver dysfunction caused by COVID-19 in pregnancy will lead to a better therapeutic
approach and management.

Aims:

The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating changes in liver function
tests (LFTs) in pregnant women with mild and severe COVID-19.

Methods:

In this retrospective observational study, 130 pregnant women with COVID-19 were
examined in two referral hospitals in Iran in 2021-2022. COVID-19 was confirmed by reverse
transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and WHO guidelines. Pregnant women were
assigned into two categories of mild and severe COVID-19 based on clinical symptoms and radiologic
chest evaluation. Demographic and clinical data of women were recorded. The level of liver
enzymes AST, ALT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin was measured in all patients. Fever, oxygen
saturation level, preterm delivery, and maternal mortality were reported as final clinical outcomes
and compared in two groups.

Results:

Forty-nine pregnant women with severe COVID-19 and 81 pregnant women with mild
COVID-19 were matched in terms of demographic data. The proportion of women with abnormal
AST and ALT in the severe COVID-19 group was significantly higher than in the mild group
(p< 0.05). However, the proportion of women with abnormal ALP levels in the mild COVID-19
group was significantly higher than in the severe group. Moreover, there was no significant difference
between the two groups in terms of the proportion of women with abnormal levels of total
and direct bilirubin. Most pregnant women with severe COVID-19 (50%) had a hepatocellular
abnormality, while most women with mild COVID-19 (42%) had abnormalities in cholestasis
(p=0.003).

Conclusion:

According to the present findings, liver dysfunction and increased liver enzymes in
pregnant women with COVID-19 were related to the severity of the disease, and most women with
severe COVID-19 had hepatocellular abnormality, respectively. Therefore, pregnant women with
COVID-19 should be closely monitored for LFTs assessment.
The Role of Glycoprotein 96 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Klarica Gembić Tihana , Grebić Damir , Gulić Tamara , Kustić Domagoj
Published: March 2024

Glycoprotein 96 (gp96) is a member of the heat shock protein 90 family, which is an ubiquitous family of molecular chaperones that are involved in the regulation of protein folding and other essential cellular activities. Residing in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, gp96 plays a key role in maintaining protein homeostasis, from assemblage to degradation. However, exposure to stressful conditions that disturb cellular homeostasis may translocate gp96 to the cell surface, which implies its additional functions, such as the regulation of intracellular signalling, proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as the modulation of the immune response. Besides its roles under physiological conditions, gp96 is also included in different stages of oncogenesis. In this review, we summarised available data on the structure, physiological, and pathophysiological roles of gp96, particularly in breast cancer oncogenesis.
Šećerna bolest tipa 2 u 11-godišnjeg dječaka – prikaz slučaja
Authors: Jugovac Petra , Butorac Ahel Ivona , Baraba Dekanić Kristina , Palčevski Goran
Published: March 2024

Cilj: Prikazati jedanaestogodišnjeg bolesnika sa šećernom bolešću tipa 2 s ciljem podizanja svijesti o porastu incidencije šećerne bolesti tipa 2 u pedijatrijskoj populaciji. Prikaz slučaja: Tijekom neurološke obrade devetogodišnjeg dječaka ustanovljeno je da je dječak preuhranjen i ima akantozu na vratu. Laboratorijskim pretragama utvrđeni su povišeni jetreni enzimi, a ultrazvučnim pregledom abdomena difuzno ehogenija jetra homogenih odjeka. Iz obiteljske anamneze saznalo se da oba roditelja boluju od šećerne bolesti tipa, a sestra je tijekom trudnoće imala gestacijski dijabetes. Tek dvije godine kasnije, dječak dolazi na pregled kod gastroenterologa zbog povišenih vrijednosti aktivnosti jetrenih enzima. Zbog pretilosti je upućen endokrinologu. Nakon učinjenih laboratorijskih pretraga zaprima se zbog novootkrivene šećerne bolesti - glukoza u krvi natašte je bila povišena (11,3 mmol/L), kao i glikozilirani hemoglobin (HbA1c) (9,3 %). Negirali su simptome poliurije, polidipsije i gubitak na tjelesnoj masi. Na temelju dobi, pretilosti, akantoze i pozitivne obiteljske anamneze postavljenja je dijagnoza šećerne bolesti tipa 2. Naknadno pristigla negativna protutijela na šećernu bolest tipa 2 - ICA (engl. Islet cell antibodies), GAD (engl. glutamic acid decarboxylase) i IA2 (engl. Islet antigen 2), potvrdila su dijagnozu šećerne bolesti tipa 2. Tijekom hospitalizacije utvrđene su hipertrigliceridemija i hipertenzija. Uvedena mu je terapija metforminom te su dječak i roditelji educirani o važnosti promjene načina života - o balansiranoj prehrani i svakodnevnoj tjelesnoj aktivnosti. Metabolička kontrola bolesti je loša, a na kontrole dolazi neredovito. Zaključak: Diferencijalno-dijagnostički o šećernoj bolesti tipa 2 treba razmišljati u one djece i adolescenata s dijabetesom koja su pretila i imaju pozitivnu obiteljsku anamnezu na šećernu bolest tipa 2. Pri postavljanju dijagnoze šećerne bolesti tipa 2 od pomoći može biti činjenica da ovi bolesnici u trenutku postavljanja dijagnoze obično već imaju jedan ili više komorbiditeta.
Assessment of the Higher Education System as a Structural Component of the Region's Staffing
Authors: Zhukova V. S. , Ershov A. U. , Belousova L. S.
Published: March 2024

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that at present, in the conditions of the economic crisis, a shortage of highly qualified and professional personnel is becoming noticeable, which is caused by the unstable situation in the regions, trends in rapidly changing working conditions. It becomes clear that for a stable socio-economic system, regions and organizations within it need to be prepared for structural changes.

   The purpose of the study is to assess the higher education system as a structural component of the staffing of the region.

   Objectives: to analyze the dynamics of registered and liquidated organizations; to identify the ratio of indicators of the total population and the economically active population; to consider the per capita indicators of monetary incomes of the population of the Kursk region; to investigate the number of students enrolled in bachelor's, specialty and master's degree programs; to systematize the list of educational institutions of higher education located in the Kursk region; to present the disproportions of demand and supply of human resources by types of economic activity and in the professional and qualification context.

   Methodology. This article uses empirical research methods in the study and analysis of statistical data.

   Results. In the course of the study, the analysis of the current state of the higher education system as a structure-forming component of the staffing of the region was carried out, the disproportions of demand and supply of human resources by types of economic activity and in the professional and qualification context were revealed.

   Conclusions. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that the problem of supply and demand in the labor market is currently acute, since the development of the region's economy depends on the solution of personnel issues. One of the possible solutions to the personnel "hunger" within organizations can be step-by-step cooperation with universities and students of the desired field of training: internships, internships, round tables, business games and other methods of interaction between educational organizations and partner organizations.
Development of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in Certain Areas of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation in the Context of State Support Measures and the Regions' Own Potential
Authors: Azjeurova K. E. , Kopteva Zh. Yu. , Shcherbakov D. B.
Published: March 2024

The relevance. The main problem of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Russian Federation is that government support measures are not always an incentive to development: the dominance of large businesses,the difficult economic situation and the desire for stable profits often force SME organizations to simply exist on state-provided capital in isolation from the regional economic situation. The solution to this problem forms the relevance of the chosen topic.

   The purpose of this study is to study the main statistical patterns of changes in the financial situation of SMEs in the regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation in terms of their quantitative and qualitative development.

   Objectives. To achieve this goal, an analysis of official statistical data on SMEs in certain regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation was carried out: their position in the general federal rating, revenue and number of employees, as well as the total number of SMEs over a five-year period.

   Methodology. To obtain the results of the study, general scientific methods were used: induction, deduction; statistical methods: observation, grouping, analysis of dynamics and structure.

   Results: the share of SMEs in the Russian economy in comparison with developed European countries is analyzed; the main problems associated with the resulting low proportion of SMEs in our country are presented; the analysis of the structure of small business in Russia by industry is carried out; a comparative analysis of the revenue indicators of SME enterprises, taking into account relevant government support measures, is also presented, the dynamics of the number of organizations in the SME sector is presented, the dynamics of economic indicators of the turnover of funds and the average number of jobs in SME organizations are reflected; the measures of state support for SMEs are considered and their effectiveness is assessed.

   Conclusion. State centralized financial support for small and medium-sized businesses, without any doubt, is, if not an incentive to development, then at least a guarantee of the survival of many enterprises in this business segment.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Emergency Departments to Improve Wait Times: Protocol for an Integrative Living Review
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Bahareh , Patey Christopher , Hurley Oliver , Knight John , Norman Paul , Farrell Alison , Czarnuch Stephen , Asghari Shabnam
Published: March 2024

Background

Long wait times in the emergency department (ED) are a major issue for health care systems all over the world. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) is a novel strategy to reduce ED wait times when compared to the interventions included in previous research endeavors. To date, comprehensive systematic reviews that include studies involving AI applications in the context of EDs have covered a wide range of AI implementation issues. However, the lack of an iterative update strategy limits the use of these reviews. Since the subject of AI development is cutting edge and is continuously changing, reviews in this area must be frequently updated to remain relevant.

Objective

This study aims to provide a summary of the evidence that is currently available regarding how AI can affect ED wait times; discuss the applications of AI in improving wait times; and periodically assess the depth, breadth, and quality of the evidence supporting the application of AI in reducing ED wait times.

Methods

We plan to conduct a living systematic review (LSR). Our strategy involves conducting continuous monitoring of evidence, with biannual search updates and annual review updates. Upon completing the initial round of the review, we will refine the search strategy and establish clear schedules for updating the LSR. An interpretive synthesis using Whittemore and Knafl’s framework will be performed to compile and summarize the findings. The review will be carried out using an integrated knowledge translation strategy, and knowledge users will be involved at all stages of the review to guarantee applicability, usability, and clarity of purpose.

Results

The literature search was completed by September 22, 2023, and identified 17,569 articles. The title and abstract screening were completed by December 9, 2023. In total, 70 papers were eligible. The full-text screening is in progress.

Conclusions

The review will summarize AI applications that improve ED wait time. The LSR enables researchers to maintain high methodological rigor while enhancing the timeliness, applicability, and value of the review.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/52612
Understanding Adolescents’ Experiences With Menstrual Pain to Inform the User-Centered Design of a Mindfulness-Based App: Mixed Methods Investigation Study
Authors: Gagnon Michelle M , Brilz Alexandra R , Alberts Nicole M , Gordon Jennifer L , Risling Tracie L , Stinson Jennifer N
Published: March 2024

Background

Digital interventions are increasingly popular for the provision of nonpharmacological pain interventions, but few exist for adolescents with menstrual pain. User-centered design involves incorporating users across phases of digital health intervention design, development, and implementation and leads to improved user engagement and outcomes. A needs assessment is the first step of this approach.

Objective

The goal of this study was to conduct a needs assessment to understand menstrual pain management needs and preferences and mindfulness experiences, preferences, and knowledge of adolescents with menstrual pain to inform the future development of an app for managing menstrual pain.

Methods

We used an explanatory sequential mixed method design that included a survey followed by focus groups. Adolescents aged 13-17 years completed a survey (n=111) and participated in focus groups (n=16). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis and synthesized to provide specific recommendations based on adolescent responses.

Results

Adolescents (n=111) who completed the survey reported a moderate understanding of mindfulness and menstrual pain. Over three-quarters (n=87, 78%) of participants practiced some form of mindfulness and 87% (n=97) of survey participants used nonpharmacological pain management strategies. Teens had a moderate perception that mindfulness could help their menstrual pain (mean 4.51/10, SD 2.45, with higher scores suggesting more interest). Themes were generated related to mindfulness experiences, menstrual pain knowledge and experiences, and app functionality. These themes underscored adolescents’ need for continued support and flexible access to mindfulness activities; their awareness of multiple influences to pain, with potential for further education in this area; and the need for menstrual pain–specific content, along with content relevant to typical day-to-day experiences of adolescents.

Conclusions

Adolescents with menstrual pain have an interest in using a mindfulness app for pain but have unique needs that need to be addressed to ensure app engagement and relevance for this population. Concrete recommendations for future app development are provided.
Efficacy of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Subthreshold Depression Among Older Adults in Institutional Long-Term Care Settings: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Kong Fanqian , Yu Libo , Hou Yanbin , Zhu Lijie , Zhou Jing , Huang Lingjie , Lv Yueer , Wang Li , Zhang Li , Yang Yiling , Ying Yuchen
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Subthreshold depression (sD) is prevalent in older populations in long-term care (LTC) settings, but psychological therapy in LTC settings in China is not readily available. Thus, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) may be suitable for this population, but research on the efficacy of ICBT for older adults with sD, especially those living in LTC settings, is limited.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of ICBT treatment for sD among LTC residents in China. We also examined whether ICBT is as effective as group-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating sD in this population.

METHODS

We conducted a pragmatic randomized controlled trial, which included 18 LTC institutions. A total of 354 participants were randomized to ICBT, group-based CBT, or a waiting list and were followed up for 12 months. The primary outcome was self-reported depressive symptoms on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Secondary outcomes were the scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). A mixed-effects model was used to assess the efficacy of ICBT.

RESULTS

The ICBT group showed a significant improvement in self-reported depressive symptoms, which was maintained at the 12-month follow-up (all P<.001). The ICBT group exhibited a significantly larger reduction in the scores of the CES-D (Cohen d=0.07, 95% CI 0.04-0.09; P=.01), PHQ-9 (d=0.30, 95% CI 0.28-0.33; P<.001), GDS (d=0.10, 95% CI 0.08-0.13; P<.001), and GAD-7 (d=0.19, 95% CI 0.17-0.22; P<.001) compared with a waiting list at postintervention. ICBT had significantly stronger effects than CBT on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at postintervention (d=0.15, 95% CI 0.13-0.17; P<.001 and d=0.21, 95% CI 0.19-0.23; P<.001, respectively), 6-month follow-up (d=0.18, 95% CI 0.16-0.21; P<.001 and d=0.18, 95% CI 0.15-0.21; P<.001, respectively), and 12-month follow-up (d=0.15, 95% CI 0.11-0.19; P<.001 and d=0.18, 95% CI 0.14-0.21; P<.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

ICBT is a relatively effective and acceptable intervention for reducing depressive symptoms among Chinese LTC residents with sD. These findings indicate the usefulness of ICBT application for sD in LTC settings.

CLINICALTRIAL

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000030697; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=50781
Acupuncture as Adjuvant Therapy for Glaucoma: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Liao Yi-Fang , Lee Yu-Chen , Lin Hui-Ju , Shao Yi-Ching
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy that necessitates lifelong treatment to reduce the decline of the optic nerve. Due to the extended and continuous treatments required for patients, complementary therapies are often considered alongside conventional treatments to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment. Acupuncture has demonstrated the potential to lower intraocular pressure in previous clinical trials, making it a promising glaucoma intervention.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this study is to conduct a single-center randomized control trial involving patients with glaucoma. Acupuncture will be evaluated as an adjunctive therapy. The trial aims to explore its effectiveness for glaucoma.

METHODS

In this single-center randomized controlled trial, participants (N=50) with primary open-angle glaucoma will be randomly assigned to the treatment group, receiving ophthalmic acupuncture with “De Qi” sensation, or the control group, receiving minimum acupuncture stimulation on nonophthalmic acupoints. The intervention will consist of weekly acupuncture treatments for a total of 6 sessions. Participants will be assessed at 8 time points, which are baseline, during the intervention (6 times), and at a 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure is a change in the intraocular pressure before and after each acupuncture treatment. Secondary outcomes will include measurements of heart rate and blood pressure before and after acupuncture, best-corrected visual acuity, visual field, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, the Glaucoma Symptom Scale, and the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 questionnaire.

RESULTS

Recruitment of participants for the trial commenced on June 28, 2023. A total of 10 participants have been enrolled to test the feasibility of the experiment. We anticipate that the preliminary data from this trial will be completed by December 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

This trial uses rigorous methodology and comprehensive outcome measurements to assess the clinical efficacy of acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy for glaucoma, providing valuable insights for future clinical treatment guidelines.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05753137; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05753137

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/57888
Effectiveness of Composite Ayurveda Regimen in a Black Box Design for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Protocol of a Single Arm, Community-Based Study (Preprint)
Authors: Makhija Deepa , Mata Sunita , Sharma Abha , Kachare Kalpana , Manathottathil Aparna , Jain Seema , Jameela Sophia , Rao Bhogavalli Chandrasekhara , Rana Rakesh , Tripathi Arunabh , Rana Kiran , Joshi Vandana , Singh Anukampa , Srikanth Narayanam , Acharya Rabinarayan
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects joints and can have extra-articular manifestations. RA usually tends to be progressive and leads to substantial health care burdens, both in terms of disability and economic costs. Despite the various treatment modalities available, there is still an urgent need for safe and effective medicine based on the pattern of disease presentation. The increasing interest in complementary and alternative medicine has created a demand for extensive research in this area.

OBJECTIVE

This clinical study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of a composite Ayurveda regimen in RA.

METHODS

The study is a single-arm (pre-post design), community-based interventional study with a black box design being conducted at 6 study centers. A total of 240 participants aged between 18 and 65 years, diagnosed with RA as per the 2010 American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against Rheumatism criteria are recruited as per the selection criteria. All the participants received Ayush-SG and Rasnasaptak Kashaya for 84 days along with customized treatment as per the disease presentation and associated complaints. The outcome measures include the change in disease activity score (DAS)-28 with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, disease-specific biochemical and inflammatory markers, Disability Index score, change in the participant’s assessment of pain and frequency of use of conventional analgesics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from baseline. The tolerability of interventions is assessed through the occurrence of adverse events. Categorical variables will be analyzed with McNemar chi-square test, and continuous variables will be assessed using the paired t test or Wilcoxon test for pre-post assessment. The level of significance will be 5%.

RESULTS

The recruitment of participants was initiated in December 2023. The participant recruitment was completed in March 2024 and out of 240 participants enrolled, 222 (92.5%) completed the study up to the last follow-up. Data verification, compilation, and analysis are under process. After data analysis, the study’s findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

CONCLUSIONS

This interventional study that incorporates the black box approach may provide a strong framework for managing RA. This design is a more reliable method for evaluating the effectiveness and tolerability of the composite Ayurveda regimen in RA.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinical Trial Registry-India CTRI/2023/06/054203; https://tinyurl.com/4prvwr6z

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/57918
Examining Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions in Iranian and Chinese Context: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Moradi Elahe
Published: March 2024

This study investigated key cultural value dimensions in samples of undergraduate business students from Iran (n = 40) and China (n = 40). Hofstede’s national culture framework spans Power Distance, Individualism/Collectivism, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Masculinity/Femininity. A survey measured and compared cultural dimension scores between countries. Classroom observations also qualitatively assessed how societal norms shape teaching and learning. Results showed that Iranians accepted greater power inequality, showed more discomfort with unstructured situations, and were more individualist than the strongly collectivist Chinese sample. Both countries were distinctly masculine. Observation data reflected high Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance in Iranian classrooms, with professors tightly controlling discourse and censoring student opinions. Chinese classrooms demonstrated more collaboration and student debate. Findings update Hofstede’s country rankings with generational data. Insights can inform educational reforms catering teaching practices to cultural orientations while developing needed competencies. Limitations include sample size and generalizability.
Further cross-cultural research should track evolving youth attitudes, translate macro-culture into micro-domains like academia, and leverage understanding to optimize learning systems. This mixed methodology comparing Iranian and Chinese university students on cultural dimensions and academic manifestations makes a novel contribution. Practical implications span cross-cultural understanding, organizational leadership, policy, and culture-specific social initiatives.
Redes de solidaridad mexicanas en tiempos de la guerra civil salvadoreña: una apuesta por la liberación de estructuras injustas
Authors: Hernández Carlos Mauricio
Published: March 2024

Este artículo trata sobre cómo los sectores eclesiales y académicos impulsaron la construcción de redes de solidaridad en México, en el marco de la intervención belicista de Estados Unidos en las guerras civiles centroamericanas a finales del siglo XX, concretamente en El Salvador, desde el movimiento de la teología de la liberación. Actuaron desde el horizonte utópico-político que defendía la transformación radical de estructuras injustas que se consideraban como la principal fuente de violencia en la civilización imperante. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se realizaron entrevistas a personas vinculadas con estas redes de solidaridad, revisión documental y jornadas de debate.
Geometría analítica universitaria
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo, Yam Gamboa Joel Omar , Palacios Ramirez Maria Norma ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo, Luna Castellanos Abraham ,   INAOE
Published: March 2024

Entre los principales objetivos de las matemáticas se encuentran: el proveer métodos para medir y contar y, el más importante, propiciar el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico. La geometría analítica contribuye ampliamente al cumplimiento de estos objetivos, además se puede considerar la puerta de entrada al estudio de las matemáticas en el nivel superior, como el cálculo, las ecuaciones diferenciales y el ´algebra lineal. El contenido de Geometría Analítica Universitaria ofrece una opción para cubrir, en un semestre, esta área tan importante de las matemáticas. El texto cubre la línea recta, las ecuaciones de las cónicas, coordenadas polares y ecuaciones paramétricas. Al final de cada capítulo se encuentran ejercicios y problemas seleccionados, que permiten reforzar los conceptos cubiertos en cada capítulo. Es recomendable que el estudiante resuelva los problemas propuestos y ponga atención especial a las demostraciones de teoremas geométrico por el método analítico, de este modo, el estudiante contará tanto con conocimientos sólidos de geometría analítica como con habilidades matemáticas para plantear y resolver problemas analíticamente.
Metamorfosis de la autoridad y ‘gobierno por estándares’: aportes de la sociología pragmática de las grandezas, las convenciones y los involucramientos
Authors: Thévenot Laurent , Nardacchione Gabriel
Published: March 2024

El artículo desmonta el funcionamiento de un nuevo modelo transnacional de “gobierno por estándares”, cuya autoridad va más allá de los Estados-nación y se extiende a los campos más diversos, desde el agro-ambiente al desarrollo urbano, la educación y la política. El análisis empírico se basa, en particular, en una encuesta internacional a gran escala dedicada a la certificación mundial del aceite de palma “sostenible”. El marco teórico adoptado para analizar esta metamorfosis contemporánea de la autoridad es el de la sociología pragmática de las convenciones comunes y los involucramientos personales. El análisis distingue entre formas más o menos instituidas de convenciones comunes, que revisten de autoridad a los seres humanos, y sus dependencias medioambientales que las ponen en valor. Este enfoque sobre la autoridad se introduce y discute a través del comentario de un cuento que tiene múltiples orígenes culturales, “Las nuevas vestimentas del emperador”. En él aparece la duda radical sobre las formas convencionales (“el rey está desnudo”) que se encuentra en el centro de la crítica contemporánea. El gobierno por estándares, muestra el artículo, amplía la gramática liberal acerca de lo común, que se basa en el formato de individuos autónomos que eligen entre opciones conocidas por todos. Este gobierno pretende integrar una amplia gama de bienes políticos y morales mediante la certificación de las opciones ofrecidas para la elección. El resultado de nuestro análisis es ampliar el dominio de la crítica exponiendo las diversas opresiones que este gobierno y sus formas investidas imponen sobre los involucramientos personales y las construcciones de lo común.
PENGARUH GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH TERHADAP MINAT MEMBACA CERITA JATAKA DI SMA BHAKTI KARYA KECAMATAN KALORAN KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG
Authors: Hartini Sri , Widodo Urip , Darma Widia
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gerakan literasi sekolah terhadap minat membaca cerita jataka di SMA Bhakti Karya Kecamatan Kaloran Kabupaten Temanggung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif jenis asosiatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa beragama Buddha kelas 10, 11, dan 12 di SMA Bhakti Karya Kecamatan Kaloran Kabupaten Temanggung yang berjumlah 46 siswa. Penelitian yang dilakukan tidak melakukan pengambilan sampel, sehingga keseluruhan subjek penelitian diteliti. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket. Instrumen penelitian ini sebelum digunakan dilakukan uji coba terlebih dahulu kepada 24 siswa tetapi bukan pada subjek penelitian yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh alat ukur yang valid dan reliabel. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai = 47,409 dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 , maka model regresi dapat dipakai untuk memprediksi variabel gerakan literasi sekolah atau dengan kata lain ada pengaruh gerakan literasi sekolah terhadap minat membaca cerita jataka.Â