bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Literature Study On Industry 4.0
Authors: Sakib S M Nazmuz
Published: July 2022

Industry 4.0 is the product of technical growth and is meant to foster technological changes at all levels in the industry. Industry 4.0—promises enhanced flexibility and agility, as well as mass customization, improved quality, and increased efficiency. As a result, it helps businesses to meet the difficulties of generating increasingly customized products with shorter lead times to the marketplace and better potential. The 4th industrial revolution, often known as Industry 4.0, was inspired by emerging and revolutionary information and performance innovations. These innovative technologies enable ever-increasing levels of industrial efficiency. They both can intervene impact on environmental and social development. This thorough study examines the influence of Industry 4.0 technologies on resilience from a social, environmental, and economic, standpoint, which is gaining traction among scholars.
Історик «одеської плеяди» (до 60-річчя від дня народження Віктора Савченка)
Authors: Вовчук Людмила
Published: July 2022

Вітальне слово з нагоди 60-річчя головного редактора журналу, доктора історичних наук, професора Віктора Савченка
Умови видозміни зовнішньополітичної доктрини «Великих держав» на Далекому Сході у 1895-1896 рр.
Authors: Подрєз Юлія , Жуков Олександр
Published: July 2022

Стаття присвячена ключовим питанням міжнародних відносин на Далекому Сході після завершення японо-китайської війни 1894-1895 років. Авторами відзначається необхідність переосмислення зовнішньополітичної стратегії «великих держав» у зв’язку з підписанням Симоносекського мирного договору, що продемонстрував усю слабкість Піднебесної імперії. Значну увагу приділено агресивній політиці Японії як нового регіонального гравця, що прагнула втрутитись у розподіл сфер впливу у далекосхідному регіоні.

Відзначається, що більшість держав, які виступали під гаслом «захисту» китайських інтересів і в ролі «нейтральних» спостерігачів, прагнули використати ситуацію, що склалася, у своїх інтересах. Щодо Росії, то її вплив на розвиток подій у Китаї помітно посилився. Надалі, намагаючись закріпити досягнутий успіх, російська дипломатія скористалася моментом, коли китайським правлячим колам знадобилися гроші для сплати контрибуції.

У свою чергу, успіхи Росії призвели до трансформації політики Великобританії та спонукали британські правлячі кола незабаром після симоносекського втручання виступити з відкритою пропагандою розділу Китаю на «сфери впливу».
Ірландське питання у зовнішній політиці Іспанії: 1918-1921 рр. (за документами іспанського посольства у Лондоні)
Authors: Хмель Анастасія
Published: July 2022

Ірландці у міжвоєнний період наполегливо прямували до незалежності (невдале повстання 1916 року, війна з Великою Британією 1919-1921 рр. та подальші дії для позбуття статусу домініону до 1937 року), прагнучи залучити міжнародну спільноту до цього процесу. Більшість країн уважно стежили за подіями, не стаючи на їх бік. В іспанській зовнішній політиці ірландський напрямок мав особливе місце ще з часів Філіппа ІІ (ХVІ ст.), коли Король двічі втручався у війну ірландців проти англійців і зазнавав поразки. З того часу пройшло чотири століття і за подіями в Ірландії після Першої світової війни Іспанія уважно стежила (про що свідчать численні листи Посла Іспанії у Великій Британії на адресу голови держави із інформацією щодо перебігу подій), дотримуючись нейтралітету, проте ставлення іспанського населення було не таким однозначним, оскільки вони підтримували націоналістів Ірландії.
Культурно-просвітницька праця Гарвардського інституту українських студій у другій половині ХХ ст. щодо збереження національної ідентичності (на матеріалах українськомовної періодики діаспори США)
Authors: Гомотюк Оксана , Біловус Леся , Стефанишин Олена
Published: July 2022

У статті, на основі аналізу публікацій українськомовної періодики діаспори Сполучених Штатів Америки, висвітлено історичні аспекти становлення Гарвардського інституту українських студій у США. Розкрито основні напрями його діяльності, педагогічну та наукову працю, видавничу справу, організаційну та просвітницьку роботу. Відзначено вагому роль меценатства представників української еміграції. Доведено ключову роль даної інституції щодо визнання українознавства легітимною частиною американської науки та її виняткове значення для збереження національно-культурної ідентичності в середовищі українських емігрантів США.
Уманське духовне училище кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ століття у світлі нововиявлених джерел
Authors: Максимчук Олена
Published: July 2022

У статті проаналізовані виявлені у київських губернських газетах «Зоря» (1880-1886 рр.) та «Киевское Слово» (кінець 1886 – 1905 рр.) публікації про Уманське духовне училище. З’ясовано, що публікації стосувалися двох блоків питань: результати ревізії училища Київською духовною семінарією, якій воно підпорядковувалося, що містили критику діяльності училищного управління, та гострі питання, які обговорювалися на щорічних з’їздах депутатів духовенства Уманського училищного округу. Показано, що найболючішими проблемами в діяльності Уманського духовного училища останньої чверті ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. були рівень знань учнів та ефективність роботи репетиторів. У газетних публікаціях про це не згладжувалась гострота даних питань, що дає можливість припуститись думки про намагання через поширюваність преси залучити до їх вирішення ще більше зацікавлених осіб і ширшої громадськості.

Виявлені та наведені у статті публікації київської губернської преси розширюють завісу офіційної інформації про функціонування Уманського духовного училища і, загалом, доповнюють джерельну базу освітньої діяльності православного духовенства.
Сплата податків у витратній частині селянських бюджетів у добу НЕПу (1921-1929 рр.)
Authors: Терпан Ірина
Published: July 2022

У статті дається характеристика системи оподаткування та питомої ваги податків у витратній частині бюджетів селянських господарств у контексті податкової політики доби НЕПу. З’ясовується як податки впливали на стан господарства, повсякденне життя та побут селян.

Аналізується динаміка надходжень від сільськогосподарського податку у розрізі регіонів та окремих категорій селянських господарств, наводяться приклади практики стягнення податків.
Еволюція позиції Європейського Союзу щодо «де-факто» держав на пострадянському просторі у ХХІ столітті
Authors: Звездова Олеся
Published: July 2022

У статті висвітлюється позиція Європейського Союзу щодо політико-правого статусу «де-факто» держав на пострадянському просторі. Розглядається безпосередня участь ЄС у врегулюванні міжнародних конфліктів навколо сепаратистських регіонів на території Азербайджану, Грузії, Молдови та України. Визначено, що діяльність ЄС у регіоні обмежується в основному гуманітарною допомогою, офіційними заявами представників організації та участю у переговорах в якості спостерігача. Аналізуються офіційні документи та заяви представників організації, що пропонують шляхи вирішення проблеми. Визначені основні механізми, які використовує Європейський Союз у сфері врегулювання конфліктів, та основні завдання, що організація ставить перед собою. Автор характеризує ефективність дій ЄС у сфері вирішення проблеми статусу «де-факто держав». Автор робить висновок, що особливої активізації миротворчих зусиль ЄС вимагає ситуація у Молдові та Україні, зважаючи на проголошення державами курсу на європейську інтеграцію.
Пріоритети зовнішньої політики Нової Зеландії у ХХІ столітті
Authors: Богданова Тетяна , Соколова Ганна
Published: July 2022

Нова Зеландія є провідною країною Південно-Тихоокеанського субрегіону з мультиполярною зовнішньою політикою. Головними цілями зовнішньої політики є зміцнення міжнародних інституцій, стійке економічне зростання, регіональна стабільність та економічна інтеграція в Індо-Тихоокеанському регіоні, навколишнє середовище та зміна клімату, міжнародна безпека. Автори визначають такі аспекти в діяльності лейбористського уряду Дж. Ардерн як участь у міжнародних і регіональних організаціях, диверсифікація двосторонніх відносин, коригування політики щодо Китаю, та п’ять головних зовнішньополітичних викликів для Нової Зеландії на сучасному етапі.
Соляні промисли Одеського повіту Херсонської губернії ХІХ – початку ХХ ст.
Authors: Drobnyi Viktor
Published: July 2022

На основі статистичних матеріалів висвітлено процес виникнення та розвитку соляних промислів на лиманах Одеського повіту, показано специфіку змін, які проходили на них у контексті зміни законодавства Російської імперії у питаннях соляної промисловості на її теренах. Проаналізовано праці вчених з окресленої тематики та зроблено спробу висвітлити нові факти історії лиманів Одеського повіту через аналіз історичного розвитку соляних промислів, що існували на них. Окреслено специфічні особливості розвитку кожного з досліджуваних промислів. Досліджено специфіку соціально-економічного впливу промислів на розвиток поселень сусідніх до них.
Оформлення українських музейних видань як джерельний ресурс музеографії (кінець ХІХ – початок ХХ століття)
Authors: Cherhik Natalia
Published: July 2022

Переважна часка музейних видань мають на меті не тільки розповісти про музей, а й показати його, унаочнити колекцію. У такому сенсі музеографія являє собою симбіоз наукового, науково-популярного та ілюстрованого видання. В даній статті проаналізоване оформлення українських музейних видань кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ століття, що вийшли друком у Російській імперії. До аналізу залучено різні типи видань: каталоги, альбоми, описи, путівники, збірники. Розглянуто технічні аспекти подачі ілюстрацій. Представлено функціональне призначення та джерельний багаж музеографічної ілюстрації.
Гуцульське житло як елемент матеріальної та духовної народної культури в історико-етнографічних дослідженнях
Authors: Vovk Oleksandr
Published: July 2022

Метою публікації є прослідкувати, як в історичних та етнографічних працях дослідників ХІХ – початку ХХІ століття вивчалося питання гуцульської хати. Автор намагається з’ясувати, яке місце гуцульське житло займало у матеріальній і духовній культурі народу. З’ясовується, що різні дослідники у свої роботі акцентували увагу на значенні гуцульської хати не лише як місці проживання селянина, але й як території, де відбуваються народні обряди, проявляється образотворче мистецтво. У статті розглядається питання композиції гуцульського житла, опис основних його елементів. Аналіз праць дослідників побудований за хронологічним принципом.
Study of Mechanical Behavior in Epiphyseal Fracture Treated by Reduction and Cement Injection: No Immediate Post-Operative Weight-Bearing but Only Passive and Active Mobilization Should be Advised
Authors: Moufid A. , Bokam P. , Harika-Germaneau G. , Severyns M. , Caillé L. , Valle V. , Vendeuvre T. , Germaneau A.
Published: July 2022

The development of new percutaneous treatment techniques using a balloon for the reduction and cement for the stabilization for tibial plateau fractures (TPF) are promising. The biomechanical changes brought by the cement in the periarticular fracture are unknown. The objective of this study was to provide elements of understanding of the bone behavior in an epiphyseal fracture treated with cementoplasty and to define the modifications brought about by the presence of this cement in the bone from both an architectural and biomechanical point of view.

In vitro animal experimentation was conducted. Bones samples were prepared with a cavity created with or without cancellous compaction, aided by balloon expansion following the same protocol as in the treatment of TPF. A uniaxial compression test was performed with various speeds and by using Heaviside Digital Image Correlation to measure mechanical fields. Preliminary finite element models were constructed with various boundary conditions to be compared to our experimental results.

The analysis of the images permits us to obtain a representative load vs. time response, the displacement fields, and the strain distribution for crack initiation for each sample. Microcracks and discontinuity began very early at the interface bone/cement. Even when the global behavior was linear, microcracks already happened. There was no strain inside the cement. The finite element model that matched our experiments had no link between the two materials.

In this work, the use of a novel correlation process highlighted the biomechanical role of the cement inside the bone. This demonstrated that there is no load transfer between bone and cement. After the surgery, the cement behaves like a rigid body inside the cancellous bone (same as a screw or plate). The cement provides good reduction and primary stabilization (mini-invasive approach and good stress distribution), permitting the patient to undergo rehabilitation with active and passive mobilization, but no weight-bearing should be authorized while the cortical bone is not consolidated or stabilized.
Identification of a Novel Heterozygous Mutation in the EIF2B4 Gene Associated With Vanishing White Matter Disease
Authors: Tian Yun , Liu Qiong , Zhou Yafang , Chen Xiao-Yu , Pan Yongcheng , Xu Hongwei , Yang Zhuanyi
Published: July 2022

Vanishing white matter disease (VWM) is one of the most common childhood inherited leukoencephalopathies with autosomal recessive inheritance. Mutations in five genes, EIF2B1-5, have been identified as the major cause of VWM. In this study, a targeted gene capture sequencing panel comprising 160 known pathogenic genes associated with leukoencephalopathies was performed in a large Han Chinese family affected by adult-onset VWM, and a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.1337G > A [p. R446H]) in EIF2B4 (NM_001034116.2) was detected. Further functional studies in HEK 293 cells showed dramatically reduced EIF2Bδ protein levels in the mutated group compared with the wild-type group. This study revealed that a heterozygous missense mutation (c.1337G > A [p. R446H]) in EIF2B4 was potentially associated with the adult-onset mild phenotype of VWM. In contrast to previous reports, autosomal dominant inheritance was also observed in adult-onset VWM.
Collective Cell Migration on Collagen-I Networks: The Impact of Matrix Viscoelasticity
Authors: Pajic-Lijakovic Ivana , Milivojevic Milan , Clark Andrew G.
Published: July 2022

Collective cell migration on extracellular matrix (ECM) networks is a key biological process involved in development, tissue homeostasis and diseases such as metastatic cancer. During invasion of epithelial cancers, cell clusters migrate through the surrounding stroma, which is comprised primarily of networks of collagen-I fibers. There is growing evidence that the rheological and topological properties of collagen networks can impact cell behavior and cell migration dynamics. During migration, cells exert mechanical forces on their substrate, resulting in an active remodeling of ECM networks that depends not only on the forces produced, but also on the molecular mechanisms that dictate network rheology. One aspect of collagen network rheology whose role is emerging as a crucial parameter in dictating cell behavior is network viscoelasticity. Dynamic reorganization of ECM networks can induce local changes in network organization and mechanics, which can further feed back on cell migration dynamics and cell-cell rearrangement. A number of studies, including many recent publications, have investigated the mechanisms underlying structural changes to collagen networks in response to mechanical force as well as the role of collagen rheology and topology in regulating cell behavior. In this mini-review, we explore the cause-consequence relationship between collagen network viscoelasticity and cell rearrangements at various spatiotemporal scales. We focus on structural alterations of collagen-I networks during collective cell migration and discuss the main rheological parameters, and in particular the role of viscoelasticity, which can contribute to local matrix stiffening during cell movement and can elicit changes in cell dynamics.
Analysis of Volatile Flavor Compounds of Corn Under Different Treatments by GC-MS and GC-IMS
Authors: Zhang Kangyi , Gao Lingling , Zhang Can , Feng Tao , Zhuang Haining
Published: July 2022

To establish a rapid and accurate method for detecting volatile components of corn, which will guide the production of corn products beloved by consumers. The fingerprints of corns under different treatments, including native, washing, blanching, precooling, freezing, steaming, boiling, frying, and freeze-drying, were depicted via gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found via the Venn diagram and relative odor activity value (ROAV) that n-hexanal, 1-octene-3-ol, decylaldehyde, and 2-pentylthiazole could be the key flavor compounds present in corns. In addition, according to volatile fingerprint characteristics and the aroma profile of sensory evaluation, it was found that corns could be divided into four categories, which was consistent with the results of GC-IMS. Also, the results of the sensory panel showed that steamed, boiled, and fried corns were much more popular than corns under other treatments with the panel. The results indicated that a rapid method to classify products was established by GC-IMS. A suitable processing technology could produce a specific flavor, and further refined research might be focused on finding the best way to process corns.
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Originating From the Inferior Vena Cava: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tao Yirao , Yang Donghui , Chen Liang
Published: July 2022

Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia, but atrial fibrillation originating in the inferior vena cava is extremely rare. Here, we present a case of a 51-year-old woman with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, who was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University and underwent radiofrequency ablation. The atrial fibrillation persisted despite pulmonary vein isolation. The inferior vena cava was then identified not only as a trigger but also as the driver to maintain atrial fibrillation, and tachycardia terminated successfully by discharging at the inferior vena cava. Furthermore, we performed a literature review of five previous case reports on this subject.
Patterns of Substrate Bioerosion by Excavating Sponges From the Southwest and Central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Pohler Susanne M. L. , Feussner Klaus , Kaniki Henry V. , Rashni Bindiya , Wendt Hans
Published: July 2022

Reef rubble from a number of locations in the southwest and central Pacific (Fiji, Kiribati, Solomon Islands) was surveyed for its level of infestation with bioeroding sponges. The assessment was performed by random sampling of reef rubble in shallow water ranging from intertidal to subtidal down to 15 m of water depth. It was found that essentially four styles of bioerosion prevailed: 1) small cavities with roundish cross sections commonly produced by Pione spp. and Cliona cf. macgeachii Holmes; 2) large cavities in the order of cm-size are for example produced by Aka spp., Cliothosa spp., Cliona cf. janitrix Topsent, Cliona cf. ensifera Sollas, and others; 3) multiple etchings which can degrade the interior of coral rubble on a scale of a few cm in diameter are typically produced by both, Cliona orientalis and C. celata species complexes; and 4) large hadromerid sponges are capable of eroding into solid reef rock and produce silt-, sand-, and pebble-sized fragments. Observed was the activity of Spheciospongia solida (Ridley & Dendy) and S. cf. inconstans var. digitata Dendy. These large clionaid sponges are the most efficient eroders on the reef. Species of Pione are abundant at all sites from intertidal to subtidal, and although they are weak bioeroders, they may be the most destructive by number.
Bisphenol A Promotes the Progression of Colon Cancer Through Dual-Targeting of NADPH Oxidase and Mitochondrial Electron-Transport Chain to Produce ROS and Activating HIF-1α/VEGF/PI3K/AKT Axis
Authors: Xia Tianyi , Guo Junnan , Zhang Bomiao , Song Chengxin , Zhao Qunye , Cui Binbin , Liu Yanlong
Published: July 2022

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume industrial chemical. Despite recent research conducted on its carcinogenicity, its role in the development of colon cancer (CC) has been rarely studied. This study aims to evaluate the effects of BPA on the migration and invasion of CC cells. First, we clinically verified that patients with CC exhibit higher serum BPA level than healthy donors. Subsequently, different CC cell lines were exposed to a series of BPA concentrations, and the migration and invasion of cells were detected by the wound healing test and transwell assay. Finally, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and siHIF-1α intervention was used to explore the effects of ROS and HIF-1α on cell migration and invasion, respectively. The results demonstrated that the occurrence of BPA-induced migration and invasion were dependent on the dose and time and was most pronounced in DLD1 cells. ROS production was jointly driven by NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondrial electron-transport chain (ETC). Furthermore, the intervention of NAC and siHIF-1α blocked the HIF-1α/VEGF/PI3K/AKT axis and inhibited cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, our results suggest that BPA exposure promotes the excessive production of ROS induced by NOX and ETC, which in turn activates the HIF-1α/VEGF/PI3K/AKT axis to promote the migration and invasion of CC cells. This study provides new insights into the carcinogenic effects of BPA on CC and warns people to pay attention to environmental pollution and the harm caused to human health by low-dose BPA.
High-Resistance Connection Diagnosis Considering Current Closed-Loop Effect for Permanent Magnet Machine
Authors: Xu Zheng , Din Zakiud , Jiang Yongjiang , Cheema Khalid Mehmood , Milyani Ahmad H. , Alghamdi Sultan
Published: July 2022

The permanent magnet (PM) machine has been widely applied in the areas of wind power and electric vehicles. As one of the most common electric faults, high-resistance connection (HRC) will induce 2nd-order components in the dq-axis current and voltage, which can be used for HRC diagnosis. However, these HRC-introduced 2nd-order components are also affected by the current closed-loop control, which ought to be taken into consideration for an accurate HRC diagnosis. In this study, a mathematical model of the 2nd-order components in the dq-axis current and voltage for the current closed-loop controlled PM machine is derived, and based on the model, a new HRC diagnosis method is proposed. In the proposed method, not only the location of HRC but also HRC severity can be accurately obtained. Simulations and experiments have been carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Chemical Composition, Optical Properties and Sources of PM2.5 From a Highly Urbanized Region in Northeastern Mexico
Authors: Acuña Askar Karim , González Lucy T. , Mendoza Alberto , Kharissova Oxana V. , Rodríguez-Garza Andrea , Lara Eleazar M. , Campos Alfredo , López-Serna D. , Bautista-Carrillo Lilia M. , Alfaro-Barbosa J. M. , Longoria-Rodríguez F. E.
Published: July 2022

Here, we report the chemical composition and optical properties of the fine particles (PM2.5) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) of these particles. Additionally, the potential sources of WSOC emission were determined through the study on fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectra and parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Samples were collected in an urban site of the Monterrey Metropolitan Area in Mexico during summer and winter and characterized using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), ultraviolet-visible-near infrared-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis-NIR-DRS), fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The ATR-FTIR analyses allowed the identification of inorganic ions (e.g., CO32−, SO42−, and NO3−), organic functional groups [e.g., carbonyls (C=O), organic hydroxyl (C-OH), carboxylic acid (COOH)], and aromatic and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The results obtained by XRD and XPS revealed the presence of organic and inorganic chemical species in PM2.5. The diffuse reflectance spectra of PM2.5 provided the absorption bands in the UV region for CaSO4, CaCO3, and aluminosilicates. The absorption coefficient at 365 nm (Abs365) and Ångström absorption exponent (AAE) values obtained for the aqueous extracts suggest that many of the water-soluble organic compounds corresponded to brown carbon (BrC) chromophores. The mass absorption efficiency values at 365 nm (MAE365) were higher in the winter than summer samples, suggesting the presence of more BrC compounds in the winter samples. The fluorescence indices combined with EEM-PARAFAC analysis showed that the WSOC fraction was mainly composed of humic-like substances (HULIS) which are both of terrestrial and microbial origin.
Major Histocompatibility Complex Variation and Haplotype Associated Survival in Response to Experimental Infection of Two Bd-GPL Strains Along a Latitudinal Gradient
Authors: Cortazar-Chinarro Maria , Meurling Sara , Schroyens Laurens , Siljestam Mattias , Richter-Boix Alex , Laurila Anssi , Höglund Jacob
Published: July 2022

While both innate and adaptive immune system mechanisms have been implicated in resistance against the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), studies on the role of specific MHC haplotypes on Bd infection are rare. Here, we studied variation in MHC Class IIB loci in the common toad Bufo bufo along a latitudinal gradient across Sweden. In general, Swedish toad populations had few MHC Class IIB haplotypes and MHC diversity declined from south (13 haplotypes) to the north (four haplotypes). The low diversity may compromise the ability of northern populations to fight emerging disease, such as Bd. In a laboratory experiment, we infected newly metamorphosed toads with two strains of the Global Pandemic Lineage of the fungus (Bd-GPL) and compared survival with sham controls. Bd-infected toads had lower survival compared to controls. Moreover, survival was dependent on the Bd-strain and northern toads had lower Bd-mediated survival than southern individuals. MHC diversity was lower in northern toads. All northern experimental animals were monomorphic for a single MHC haplotype, whereas we found seven different haplotypes in southern experimental animals. In southern toads, survival was dependent on both Bd-strain and MHC haplotype suggesting differential infection dynamics depending on both Bd-strain and host immune system characteristics.
Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Aedes albopictus Populations in Rural and Agricultural Areas in Chania, Greece, After Its Invasion
Authors: Stefopoulou Angeliki , Balatsos Georgios , Papadopoulos Nikolaos T. , Daskalakis Demokritos , Daskalakis Dimitrios , Chatzidaki Anna , Milonas Panagiotis , Papachristos Dimitrios , Michaelakis Antonios
Published: July 2022

Aedes albopictus, also known as the Asian tiger mosquito, is an aggressive invasive mosquito species that transmits parasites that cause several major human diseases such as dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika. Its recent establishment in many European countries and the reported autochthonous cases ofAedes-transmitted arboviral diseases highlight the importance of effective surveillance programs to plan and implement efficient mosquito-control interventions.Aedes albopictusinvaded the Greek island of Crete in 2014 and rapidly spread throughout; however, there are no comprehensive population-related data yet available. Our study focused on spatial and temporal dynamics ofAe. albopictuspopulations in rural and agricultural areas in Chania (western part of the Crete Island). An oviposition surveillance network, consisting of 51 ovitraps, was established in 2017 and systematically inspected for 2 years. Thirty ovitraps were established in rural areas and 21 in the surrounding agricultural areas. Eggs were collected weekly and transferred to the laboratory for counting and assessment of hatching rates. The spatial and temporal egg distribution was assessed by using geographical information systems and spatial statistical analysis tools. Kernel density and hot spot analysis were employed to identify clusters of high populations of eggs. Oviposition activity (eggs in traps) was recorded during April–May and December (of both years), while the maximum egg-laying rates were observed during September–October. The proportion of traps with eggs was similar between rural and agricultural areas, while the higher number of eggs was recorded in rural compared to agricultural areas during 2017. Egg hatch rates were high (>90%) until the end of September. The proportion of diapausing non-hatched eggs rapidly increased at the end of November. All hatched larvae were identified asAe. Albopictus, indicating a negative effect of the invasion on the population of the local speciesAe. cretinus. This was a systematic attempt to monitor the seasonal and spatial patterns of the Asian tiger mosquito in the island of Crete, the southernmost area of Europe, and a study in Europe that assessed temporal and spatial dynamics ofAe. albopictussoon after its invasion and establishment in an area.
Network Pharmacology–Based Prediction and Pharmacological Validation of Effects of Astragali Radix on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Peng Yuan , Zhu Gerui , Ma Yuanyuan , Huang Kai , Chen Gaofeng , Liu Chenghai , Tao Yanyan
Published: July 2022

Astragali Radix (AR) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for acute and chronic liver injury. However, little is known about the effects of AR on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (ALI). In the current study, a network pharmacology–based approach was applied to characterize the action mechanism of AR on ALI. All compounds of AR were obtained from the corresponding databases, and active compounds were selected according to its oral bioavailability and drug-likeness index. The potential genes of AR were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) and PubChem, whereas the potential genes related to ALI were obtained from Online databases (GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) and Gene Expression Omnibus profiles. The enriched processes, pathways, and target genes of the diseases were analyzed by referring to the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database. A network constructed through Cytoscape software was used to identify the target proteins that connected the compounds in AR with the differential genes of ALI. Subsequently, the potential underlying action mechanisms of AR on ALI predicted by the network pharmacology analyses were experimentally validated in APAP-induced liver injury in mice and HL7702 cells incubated with APAP. The compound-target network included 181 targets, whereas the potential genes related to ALI were 4,621. A total of 49 AR–ALI crossover proteins, corresponding to 49 genes, were filtered into a protein–protein interaction network complex and designated as the potential targets of AR on ALI. Among the genes, the three highest-scoring genes,MYC,MAPK8, andCXCL8were highly associated with apoptosis in ALI. Thenin vitroandin vivoexperiments confirmed that AR exhibited its prominent therapeutic effects on ALI mainly via regulating hepatocyte apoptosis related to inhibiting the expressions ofMYC(c-Myc),MAPK8(JNK1), andCXCL8(IL-8). In conclusion, our study suggested that the combination of network pharmacology prediction with experimental validation might offer a useful tool to characterize the molecular mechanism of AR on ALI.
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection Subverts Arsenite-Induced Stress Granules Formation
Authors: Guo Xiaozhen , Yu Kejian , Xin Zhonghao , Liu Liping , Gao Yuehua , Hu Feng , Ma Xiuli , Yu Kexiang , Li Yufeng , Huang Bing , Yan Zhengui , Wu Jiaqiang
Published: July 2022

Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic cytoplasmic protein-RNA structures that form in response to various stress conditions, including viral infection. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) variant-related diarrhea has caused devastating economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. In this study, we found that the percentage of PEDV-infected cells containing SGs is nearly 20%; meanwhile, PEDV-infected cells were resistant to sodium arsenite (SA)-induced SGs formation, as demonstrated by the recruitment of SGs marker proteins, including G3BP1 and TIA1. Moreover, the formation of SGs induced by SA treatment was suppressed by PEDV papain-like protease confirmed by confocal microscopy. Further study showed that PEDV infection disrupted SGs formation by downregulating G3BP1 expression. Additionally, PEDV replication was significantly enhanced when SGs' assembly was impaired by silencing G3BP1. Taken together, our findings attempt to illuminate the specific interaction mechanism between SGs and PEDV, which will help us to elucidate the pathogenesis of PEDV infection in the near future.
Genetic Analysis of Six Transmembrane Protein Family Genes in Parkinson’s Disease in a Large Chinese Cohort
Authors: Zhao Yuwen , Zhang Kailin , Pan Hongxu , Wang Yige , Zhou Xiaoxia , Xiang Yaqin , Xu Qian , Sun Qiying , Tan Jieqiong , Yan Xinxiang , Li Jinchen , Guo Jifeng , Tang Beisha , Liu Zhenhua
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with the manifestation of motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms. Previous studies have indicated the role of several transmembrane (TMEM) protein family genes in PD pathogenesis.

Materials and Methods

In order to better investigate the genetic role of PD-related TMEM protein family genes in PD, including TMEM230, TMEM59, TMEM108, TMEM163, TMEM175, and TMEM229B, 1,917 sporadic early onset PD (sEOPD) or familial PD (FPD) patients and 1,652 healthy controls were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) while 1,962 sporadic late-onset PD (sLOPD) and 1,279 healthy controls were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Rare and common variants for each gene were included in the analysis.

Results

One hundred rare damaging or loss of function variants of six genes were found at the threshold of MAF < 0.1%. Three rare Dmis variants of TMEM230 were specifically identified in PD. Rare missense variants of TMEM59 were statistically significantly associated with PD in the WES cohort, indicating the role of TMEM59 in FPD and sEOPD. Rare missense variants of TMEM108 were suggestively associated with PD in the WGS cohort, indicating the potential role of TMEM108 in sLOPD. The rare variant of the other three genes and common variants of six genes were not significantly associated with PD.

Conclusion

We performed a large case-control study to systematically investigate the role of several PD-related TMEM protein family genes in PD. We identified three PD-specific variants in TMEM230, the significant association of TMEM59 with FPD, and sEOPD and the suggestive association of TMEM108 with sLOPD.
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Regulates Oxidative Stress-Dependent Ferroptosis Post Spinal Cord Injury by Stabilizing the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xia Mingjie , Zhang Qinyang , Zhang Yanan , Li Rulin , Zhao Tianyu , Chen Lingxia , Liu Qiangxian , Zheng Shengnai , Li Haijun , Qian Zhanyang , Yang Lei
Published: July 2022

Background

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe traumatic disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes irreversible damage to the nervous tissue. The consequent hemorrhage contributed by trauma induces neuronal ferroptosis post SCI, which is an important death mode to mediate neuronal loss. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. However, the specific role of GDF15 in neuronal ferroptosis post SCI remains unknown.

Materials and Methods

Neuronal ferroptosis in vitro was measured by detection of lipid peroxidation, glutathione, iron content, and reactive oxidative stress. In vivo, western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) staining was utilized to measure ferroptosis post SCI. IF staining, TUNEL staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Nissl staining were used to measure neurological damage. Finally, locomotor function recovery was analyzed using the Basso Mouse Scale and Louisville Swim Scale.

Results

GDF15 was significantly increased in neuronal ferroptosis and silencing GDF15 aggravated ferroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, GDF15-mediated inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis is through p62-dependent Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. In SCI mice, knockdown of GDF15 significantly exacerbated neuronal death, interfered with axon regeneration and remyelination, aggravated ferroptosis-mediated neuroinflammation, and restrained locomotor recovery.

Conclusion

GDF15 effectively alleviated neuronal ferroptosis post SCI via the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and promoted locomotor recovery of SCI mice, which is suggested as a potential target on SCI pathogenesis and treatment.
Protective Effects of Polysaccharides in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Wang Yinying , Chen Rongsha , Yang Zhongshan , Wen Qian , Cao Xia , Zhao Ninghui , Yan Jinyuan
Published: July 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by progressive degeneration and necrosis of neurons, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease and others. There are no existing therapies that correct the progression of these diseases, and current therapies provide merely symptomatic relief. The use of polysaccharides has received significant attention due to extensive biological activities and application prospects. Previous studies suggest that the polysaccharides as a candidate participate in neuronal protection and protect against NDs. In this review, we demonstrate that various polysaccharides mediate NDs, and share several common mechanisms characterized by autophagy, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction in PD and AD. Furthermore, this review reveals potential role of polysaccharides in vitro and in vivo models of NDs, and highlights the contributions of polysaccharides and prospects of their mechanism studies for the treatment of NDs. Finally, we suggest some remaining questions for the field and areas for new development.
A Relation-Oriented Model With Global Context Information for Joint Extraction of Overlapping Relations and Entities
Authors: Han Huihui , Wang Jian , Wang Xiaowen
Published: July 2022

The entity relation extraction in the form of triples from unstructured text is a key step for self-learning knowledge graph construction. Two main methods have been proposed to extract relation triples, namely, the pipeline method and the joint learning approach. However, these models do not deal with the overlapping relation problem well. To overcome this challenge, we present a relation-oriented model with global context information for joint entity relation extraction, namely, ROMGCJE, which is an encoder–decoder model. The encoder layer aims to build long-term dependencies among words and capture rich global context representation. Besides, the relation-aware attention mechanism is applied to make use of the relation information to guide the entity detection. The decoder part consists of a multi-relation classifier for the relation classification task, and an improved long short-term memory for the entity recognition task. Finally, the minimum risk training mechanism is introduced to jointly train the model to generate final relation triples. Comprehensive experiments conducted on two public datasets, NYT and WebNLG, show that our model can effectively extract overlapping relation triples and outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods.
Distinct Bile Acid Signature in Parkinson's Disease With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Nie Kun , Li Yanyi , Zhang Jiahui , Gao Yuyuan , Qiu Yihui , Gan Rong , Zhang Yuhu , Wang Lijuan
Published: July 2022

Backgrounds

Bile acid (BA) plays a crucial role in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, no clinical evidence supports BA's potential role in patients with PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI).

Objectives

This study aimed at investigating the differential BA profile between patients with PD-MCI and those with normal cognitive function (PD-NC).

Methods

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS was applied for BA quantitation. After between-group differences of the BA profile were addressed, orthogonal projections to latent structures—discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) were implemented for further verification.

Results

Lower levels of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), cholic acid (CA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) were significantly associated with PD-MCI (p < 0.01 for both; VIP ≈ 2.67, 1.66, and 1.26, respectively). AUC-ROC were 78.1, 74.2, and 74.5% for CDCA, CA, and UDCA, respectively.

Conclusion

CA, CDCA, and UDCA might be distinct BA signatures for patients with PD-MCI.
The Effect of GABAergic Cells Transplantation on Allodynia and Hyperalgesia in Neuropathic Animals: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Rong , Wu Yao , Wang Wen-Jing , Wang Fang-Yong
Published: July 2022

The role of GABAergic cell transplantation in improving neuropathic pain is controversial. We comprehensively searched the relevant literature to identify animal studies of GABAergic cell transplantation that recorded pain behaviors as an outcome according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.0.2. Controlled studies assessing the administration of GABAergic neurons or GABAergic neuronal progenitor cells to rat or mouse neuropathic pain animal models were included. Basic design information and mechanical allodynia thresholds and heat hyperalgesia thresholds data were collected. The risk of bias for the animal experiments was assessed according to the SYRCLE's tool. This study included 10 full-text articles. GABAergic cells transplantation leads to a statistically significant improvement of allodynia (SMD = 5.26; 95% confidence interval: 3.02–7.51; P < 0.001) and hyperalgesia (SMD: 4.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.84–6.35; P < 0.001). Differentiated GABAergic cells and without antibiotics using may have a better effect for improving neuropathic pain. GABAergic cell transplantation is a promising treatment for improving neuropathic pain. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of GABAergic cell transplantation on neuropathic pain, which can guide future clinical trials and possible clinical treatments, and better attenuate neuropathic pain caused by abnormal circuit hyperexcitability.
Related Factors and Outcome of Spinal Cord Stimulation Electrode Deviation in Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: He Qiheng , Han Bin , Xia Xiaoyu , Dang Yuanyuan , Chen Xueling , He Jianghong , Yang Yi
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been reported to be a promising neuromodulation method for patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). Our previous studies found that clinical characteristics of patients and SCS stimulation parameters could affect the therapeutic effects of SCS, while surgical-related factors remain unknown. Through the improvement of surgical procedures, most of the SCS electrodes are implanted in the middle, while a small number of electrodes have still deviated.

Methods

A total of 137 patients received SCS treatment in our institutions from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020. Among them, 27 patients were found with electrode deviation and met the inclusion criteria. Patients were grouped according to whether the electrode deviation angle (EDA) is >30°, respectively. Clinical characteristics of patients and SCS stimulation parameters were compared. Potential related factors and outcomes were evaluated by Chi-square test or two-way repeated measures analysis.

Results

Twenty seven patients receiving cervical SCS treatment were found to have electrode deviation postoperatively. Among them, 12 patients were classified into the more deviation group. No significant difference was found among age, sex, pathogeny, course of DOC, C2–C5 distance, spinal cord to spinal canal ratio at C2 level, and preoperative JFK Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) scores. We found that the electrode direction significantly deviated to the contralateral side in the lateral decubitus position (P = 0.025). The maximum tolerant stimulation intensity in the less deviation group (1.70 ± 0.41) was significantly higher than that in the more deviation group (1.25 ± 0.34) (P = 0.006). Under the strongest stimulation, less unilateral limb tremor (P = 0.049) and paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) episodes (P = 0.030) were found. EDA had a significant effect on postoperative CRS-R in patients, and patients in the less deviation group had significantly higher postoperative CRS-R (P < 0.01). There was also an interaction effect between EDA and postoperative time. With the prolonged postoperative time, the CRS-R improvement rate of patients with different EDA was different, and the CRS-R improved faster in patients with less EDA (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Electrode deviation will affect the outcome of patients receiving cervical SCS treatment. The intraoperative surgical position is associated with postoperative electrode deviation direction. The reduction of EDA under 30° can increase maximum tolerant stimulation intensity, reduce complications, and further improve patients' outcomes.
LncRNA, an Emerging Approach for Neurological Diseases Treatment by Regulating Microglia Polarization
Authors: Gao Xiaoyu , Cao Zilong , Tan Haifeng , Li Peiling , Su Wenen , Wan Teng , Guo Weiming
Published: July 2022

Neurological disorders cause untold human disability and death each year. For most neurological disorders, the efficacy of their primary treatment strategies remains suboptimal. Microglia are associated with the development and progression of multiple neurological disorders. Targeting the regulation of microglia polarization has emerged as an important therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders. Their pro-inflammatory (M1)/anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype microglia are closely associated with neuronal apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, blood-brain barrier integrity, resistance to iron death, and astrocyte regulation. LncRNA, a recently extensively studied non-coding transcript of over 200 nucleotides, has shown great value to intervene in microglia polarization. It can often participate in gene regulation of microglia by directly regulating transcription or sponging downstream miRNAs, for example. Through proper regulation, microglia can exert neuroprotective effects, reduce neurological damage and improve the prognosis of many neurological diseases. This paper reviews the progress of research linking lncRNAs to microglia polarization and neurological diseases.