bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of 4‐Arylsulfanyl‐Substituted Kainoid Analogues from trans‐4‐Hydroxy‐L‐proline.
Authors: Baldwin Jack E. , Pritchard Gareth J. , Williamson Douglas S.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of the HIV‐Protease Inhibitor Nelfinavir via an Unusual Tetrahydrofuran Rearrangement.
Authors: Zook Scott E. , Busse Juliette K. , Borer Bennett C.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Direct Synthesis of Novel Enantiomerically Pure α‐Amino Acids in Protected Form via Suzuki Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Collier Philip N. , Campbell Andrew D. , Patel Ian , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Sch 218157, a Cyclodepsipeptide with Neurokinin Activity.
Authors: Chu M. , Chan T. M. , Das P. , Mierzwa R. , Patel M. , Puar M. S.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: All Eight Stereoisomeric D‐Glyconic‐δ‐lactams: Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, and Evaluation as Glycosidase Inhibitors.
Authors: Nishimura Yoshio , Adachi Hayamitsu , Satoh Takahiko , Shitara Eiki , Nakamura Hikaru , Kojima Fukiko , Takeuchi Tomio
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cyclization of O‐Glycosides Using 1,1,2,2‐Tetraphenyldisilane as a Radical Reagent: Preparation of Bicyclic Sugars.
Authors: Yamazaki Osamu , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Yokoyama Masataka , Togo Hideo
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Pyridone Approach: Total Synthesis of Mappicine Ketone (Nothapodytine B).
Authors: Mekouar Khalid , Genisson Yves , Leue Stefanie , Greene Andrew E.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Eburnamonine.
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Kawahama Reiko
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Newly Discovered Non‐isoprenoid Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether Lipids in Sediments
Authors: Damste Jaap S. Sinninghe , Hopmans Ellen C. , Pancost Richard D. , Schouten Stefan , Geenevasen Jan A. J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Monocillinols A and B, Novel Fungal Metabolites from a Monocillium sp.
Authors: Biswas M. Helal Uddin , Amin A. R. M. Ruhul , Islam M. Anwarul , Hasan Choudhury M. , Gustafson Kirk R. , Boyd Michael R. , Pannell Lewis K. , Rashid Mohammad A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heptaibin, a Novel Antifungal Peptaibol Antibiotic from Emericellopsis sp. BAUA8289
Authors: Ishiyama Daisuke , Satou Tsutomu , Senda Hisato , Fujimaki Tsukasa , Honda Reiko , Kanazawa Susumu
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconates as New Materials for Thermal Barrier Coatings.
Authors: Vassen Robert , Cao Xueqiang , Tietz Frank , Basu Debabrata , Stoever Detlev
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Activity and Characterization of Pd Thin Films, Microfabricated Dots, and Cluster Based Model Catalysts
Authors: Wolf E. E.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrones
Authors: Gothelf Kurt V. , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Adventures with Heterocycles
Authors: Huisgen Rolf
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of 1,(7)‐Substituted Pyrrolizidin‐3‐ones
Authors: Despinoy Xavier L. M. , McNab Hamish
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne Metathesis
Authors: Lindel Thomas
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoride Catalysts: Their Application to Heterogeneous Catalytic Fluorination and Related Processes
Authors: Kemnitz Erhard , Winfield John M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Amino Acid Analogues Bearing Side‐Chain C—P Linkages
Authors: Lall Sharon , Engel Robert
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Aminoalkanephosphonic and α‐Aminoalkanephosphinic Acids
Authors: Kafarski Pawel , Zon Jerzy
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethenylation of Silyl Enol Ethers with Silylethyne
Authors: Yamaguchi M. , Tsukagoshi T. , Arisawa M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cyclizations: Synthesis of Oxa‐ and Azaheterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Cossy Janine
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,5‐Triazines: Versatile Industrial Building Blocks. Synthetic Approaches and Applications
Authors: Groger Harald , Sans Jurgen , Guthner Thomas
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Epoxide Rearrangements Using Lithium Amide Bases: First Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 4‐Deoxyconduritols.
Authors: Kee Alex , O'Brien Peter , Pilgram Christopher D. , Watson Simon T.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 4β‐Arylaminopodophyllotoxins: Synthesis of DNA Topoisomerase II Inhibitors (NPF and W‐68).
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Laxman N. , Ramesh G.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioavailable Acyl‐CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitor with Anti‐peroxidative Activity: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Indolinyl Amide and Urea Derivatives.
Authors: Kamiya Shoji , Shirahase Hiroaki , Yoshimi Akihisa , Nakamura Shohei , Kanda Mamoru , Matsui Hiroshi , Kasai Masayasu , Takahashi Kenji , Kurahashi Kazuyoshi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: S‐Nitrosothiols as Novel, Reversible Inhibitors of Human Rhinovirus 3C Protease.
Authors: Xian Ming , Wang Q. May , Chen Xinchao , Wang Kun , Wang Peng G.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of EDTA on Controlling Nucleation and Morphology in the Synthesis of Ultrafine Y2O3:Eu Phosphors.
Authors: Martinez‐Rubio M. I. , Ireland T. G. , Silver J. , Fern G. , Gibbons C. , Vecht A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: MoSe2 Nanocrystallites Synthesized at Low Temperature via a Chemical Solution Route.
Authors: Bastide S. , Levy‐Clement C. , Albu‐Yaron A. , Boucher A.‐C. , Alonso‐Vante N.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tungsten Carbide (WC) Synthesis from Novel Precursors.
Authors: Koc Rasit , Kodambaka Suneel K.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphors for Plasma Display Panels
Authors: Kim Chang‐Hong , Kwon Il‐Eok , Park Cheol‐Hee , Hwang Young‐Ju , Bae Hyun‐Sook , Yu Byung‐Yong , Pyun Chong‐Hong , Hong Guang‐Yan
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Why Are There so Few Magnetic Ferroelectrics?
Authors: Hill Nicola A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure Chemistry of Boron‐Rich Solids of the Alkali Metals
Authors: Albert Barbara
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Millennial Overview of Transition‐Metal Chemistry
Authors: Cotton F. Albert
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoscopic Structure and Function of Polymer‐Protected Metal Clusters
Authors: Toshima Naoki
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Memorandum of Our 30 Years in Fluorine Chemistry
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshiro , Taguchi Takeo
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Chemistry Development in Fluorine Science
Authors: Kitazume Tomoya
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Resin Capture Techniques in Combinatorial Chemistry
Authors: Chucholowski A. , Nettekoven M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Model Catalysts: Reductionism for Understanding
Authors: Boudart M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Reactions at Supercritical Conditions
Authors: Stewart Iain H. , Hutchings Graham J. , Derouane Eric G.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Carbodiimide — An Efficient Coupling Agent for Synthesis
Authors: Grayson Ian
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Case of Galanthamine: Developing an Industrial‐Scale Stereoselective Synthesis for a Chiral Plant Alkaloid
Authors: Mucke Hermann
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Correlations in NMR
Authors: Kumar A. , Christy Rani Grace R. , Madhu P. K.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of the Side‐On Coordinated Bissuperoxo Complexes of Aluminum FAl(O2)2, ClAl(O2)2, and BrAl(O2)2 with Triplet Electronic Ground States: A Combined Matrix IR and Quantum Chemical Study.
Authors: Bahlo Jan , Himmel Hans‐Joerg , Schnoeckel Hansgeorg
Published: June 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Cycloaddition of Nitriles with Monolithio‐ and Dilithiobutadienes.
Authors: Chen Jinglong , Song Qiuling , Wang Congyang , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: June 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Method for the Synthesis of Benzothiacrown Ether Formyl Derivatives.
Authors: Fedorova Olga A. , Vedernikov Artem I. , Yescheulova Olga V. , Pershina Yulia V. , Tsapenko Pavel V. , Gromov Sergey P.
Published: June 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New, Highly Selective, Free‐Radical Aerobic Oxidation of Silanes to Silanols Catalyzed by N‐Hydroxyphthalimide under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Minisci Francesco , Recupero Francesco , Punta Carlo , Guidarini Chiara , Fontana Francesca , Pedulli Gian Franco
Published: June 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Some Aspects of the Properties and Degradation of Polyacrylamides
Authors: Caulfield Marcus J. , Qiao Greg G. , Solomon David H.
Published: June 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
General psychopathology in anorexia nervosa: the role of psychosocial factors
Authors: Karatzias Thanos , Chouliara Zoë , Power Kevin , Collin Paula , Yellowlees Alex , Grierson David
Published: June 2010

The aim of the present study was to investigate psychosocial correlates of comorbid psychopathology. Data were collected from a total of 90 female inpatients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Higher levels of general psychopathology were detected in depression, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive–compulsive and anxiety subscales of the Symptom Checklist (SCL)‐90. Regression analysis also revealed that higher levels of psychopathology across SCL‐90 subscales in AN patients are significantly associated with an earlier age of onset of the condition, higher levels of anorectic psychopathology as measured by Eating Disorders Examination, lower self‐esteem as measured by Multidimensional Self‐Esteem Inventory and social support levels as measured by Quality of Social Network and Social Support Questionnaire. Considering the high levels of general psychopathology in people with AN, routine clinical practice should aim for a comprehensive assessment of such. Given the strong association between psychosocial factors such as self‐esteem, social support and general psychopathology, psychological therapies could play an important role in facilitating emotional recovery. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message:

• Levels of depressive and anxiety psychopathology are elevated in people with Anorexia Nervosa.

• Routine clinical practice should involve a comprehensive assessment of general psychopathology in people with Anorexia Nervosa.

• Psychological interventions targeting self‐esteem and interpersonal difficulties may be useful in the treatment of general pathology in people with Anorexia Nervosa.
Mesoporous CeO2 Hollow Spheres Prepared by Ostwald Ripening and Their Environmental Applications
Authors: Yang Zhijie , Wei Jingjing , Yang Hongxiao , Liu Ling , Liang Hui , Yang Yanzhao
Published: June 2010

CeO2 hollow spheres (250–350 nm in diameter), with mesoporous shells of approximately 50 nm, were synthesized by a one‐pot, template‐free hydrothermal method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements were used to characterize the products. The formation of these hollow spheres involves the aggregation of the initial nanoparticles followed by solid evacuation driven by an Ostwald ripening process. The mesoporous CeO2 hollow spheres showed an excellent adsorption capacity for organic pollutants (Congo red) from waste water (about 84 mg Congo red per g CeO2). Furthermore, relative to commercial CeO2 powders, the CeO2 hollow spheres exhibited a higher catalytic activity towards CO oxidation.
Cubane‐Like Bismuth‐Iron Cluster: Synthesis, X‐ray Crystal Structure and Theoretical Characterization of the [Bi4Fe8(CO)28]4– Anion
Authors: Monakhov Kirill Yu. , Zessin Thomas , Linti Gerald
Published: June 2010

The reaction of cyclo‐Bi4[Si(SiMe3)3]4 (1) with Na2[Fe(CO)4] in the presence of nBu4NCl leads to the formation of the cage compound [nBu4N]4[Bi4Fe8(CO)28] (2). According to X‐ray single‐crystal structure analysis, the faces of the tetrahedral Bi4 core are capped by Fe(CO)3 moieties in a μ3 fashion to give a cubanoid Bi4Fe4 framework. The four Fe(CO)4 fragments are μ1‐coordinated to bismuth, each. With 12 skeletal electron pairs the [Bi4Fe8(CO)28]4– anion (2a) is a Bi4Fe4 cubane. The negative charge is localized within cluster 2a according to the NBO analysis of its derivatives. The strength of metal–ligand interactions Bi–μ3‐Fe(CO)3 is responsible for the size of the cluster's cubic core. NICS computations at the cage centers of considered molecules show that 2a has paratropic character, whereas removal of four μ1‐Fe(CO)4 fragments from latter causes spherical aromaticity of the modified clusters [Bi4Fe4(CO)12]4– (2aa) and [Bi4Fe4(CO)12]2+ (2ab), mediated by a Bi4 cluster π orbital.
Stability of refined olive oil and olive‐pomace oil added by phenolic compounds from olive leaves
Authors: Bouaziz Mohamed , Feki Ines , Ayadi Mohamed , Jemai Hedya , Sayadi Sami
Published: June 2010

Refined olive oil and olive‐pomace oil were enriched with olive leaf phenolic compounds in order to enhance its quality and bring it closer to virgin olive oil. The changes that occurred in the concentrations of pure oleuropein, oleuropein aglycone, hydroxytyrosol acetyl and α‐tocopherol at 400 µg/kg of oil during the storage of refined olive oil and olive‐pomace oil under accelerated conditions (50 °C) were investigated. In a period of 4 months, α‐tocopherol decomposed by 75% whereas less than 40% of the phenols were lost. During storage, enzymatic olive leaf extract hydrolysate that contains two major compounds, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein aglycone showed the highest antioxidant activity and the lowest detected stability, followed by oleuropein. The oleuropein in olive leaf extracts exhibited similar degradation profiles, reducing by 60–50% and 80% for the olive oil and olive‐pomace oil in 6 months, respectively. The acetylated extract, however, displayed a loss of 10 and 5% in olive oil and olive‐pomace oil, respectively. In the fatty acid composition, an increase in oleic acid and a decrease in linoleic acid were observed. The antiradical activities of the olive oil and olive‐pomace oil enriched with olive leaf phenolic compounds at 400 ppm showed that enzymatic hydrolysate extract had the highest protective effect against oil oxidation. Based on the Rancimat method, the oils with added leaf enzymatic hydrolysate extract had the lowest peroxide value and the highest stability. After 6 months of storage and at 120 °C, the oxidative resistance of refined olive oil and olive‐pomace oil reached 0.71 and 0.89 h, respectively, whereas that of the non‐enriched samples fell to zero.
Microwave‐Promoted, One‐Pot, Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 4‐Arylcoumarins from 2‐Hydroxybenzophenones
Authors: Crecente‐Campo José , Pilar Vázquez‐Tato M. , Seijas Julio A.
Published: June 2010

4‐Arylcoumarins are synthesized in very good yields through solvent‐free microwave irradiation of 2‐hydroxybenzophenones and alkyl malonate in the presence of DBU. The one‐pot synthesis is carried out with Knoevenagel condensation, intramolecular lactonization, and decarboxylation reactions. The method can be applied to a broad scope of neoflavonoids.
Aza‐Michael Addition Reactions of Hydrazones with Activated Alkynes Catalyzed by Nitrogen‐Containing Organic Bases
Authors: Yuan Zhi‐Liang , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: June 2010

Several highly efficient DABCO (1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)‐catalyzed Michael‐type reactions of hydrazones with activated alkynes are described in this paper. This aza‐Michael addition reaction can be applied to different types of hydrazones, such as hydrazones 1 and hydroxy‐bearing hydrazones 5. The corresponding adducts are achieved in high yields under mild reaction conditions. DABCO‐promoted aza‐Michael addition reactions were successfully applied to a serious of hydrazones with activated alkynes to afford the corresponding adducts in moderate to good yields.
Effects of sediment load on hydraulics of overland flow on steep slopes
Authors: Zhang Guang‐hui , Shen Rui‐chang , Luo Rong‐ting , Cao Ying , Zhang XC
Published: June 2010

Eroded sediment may have significant effects on the hydraulics of overland flow, but few studies have been performed to quantify these effects on steep slopes. This study investigated the potential effects of sediment load on Reynolds number, Froude number, flow depth, mean velocity, Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient, shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power of overland flow in a sand‐glued hydraulic flume under a wide range of hydraulic conditions and sediment loads. Slope gradients were varied from 8·7 to 34·2%, unit flow rates from 0·66 to 5·26×10−3 m2 s−1, and sediment loads from 0 to 6·95 kg m−1 s−1. Both Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr) decreased as sediment load increased, implying a decrease in flow turbulence. This inverse relationship should be considered in modeling soil erosion processes. Flow depth increased as sediment load increased with a mean value of 1·227 mm, caused by an increase in volume of sediment‐laden flow (contribution 62·4%) and a decrease in mean flow velocity (contribution 37·6%). The mean flow velocity decreased by up to 0·071 m s−1 as sediment load increased. The Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient (f) increased with sediment load, showing that the total energy consumption increased with sediment load. The effects of sediment load on f depended on flow discharge: as flow discharge increased, the influence of sediment load on f decreased due to increased flow depth and reduced relative roughness. Flow shear stress and stream power increased with sediment load, on average, by 80·5% and 60·2%, respectively; however, unit stream power decreased by an average of 11·1% as sediment load increased. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the insights obtained under these controlled conditions to real‐world overland flow conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State estimation in Multi‐Microgrids
Authors: Korres George N. , Hatziargyriou Nikos D. , Katsikas Petros J.
Published: June 2010

In this paper, a Multi‐Microgrid state estimator is proposed, following the concept of distribution state estimators, where a limited number of real‐time measurements are available. Since state estimation (SE) solution is impossible with these limited measurements, forecasted values of load injections at buses remote from the substations are needed, for a given period that coincides with the real‐time measurements. The proposed state estimator is based on the traditional WLS algorithm and uses few real‐time measurements, mainly at the primary (MV) or secondary (LV) substations and DG locations, and pseudo‐measurements for the load bus estimates. The impact of the accuracy of distributed generation (DG) voltage magnitude measurements and load pseudo measurements on the bus voltage estimates is also investigated. Grid‐connected and islanded modes are simulated and monitored. Topology errors at the main substations and feeders, where there is sufficient measurement redundancy, are also examined. Test results are given for a 55‐bus distribution network including DG. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling roles of task‐technology fit and self‐efficacy in hotel employees' usage behaviours of hotel information systems
Authors: Kim Taegoo (Terry) , Suh Yong Kun , Lee Gyehee , Choi Byong Gil
Published: June 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between hotel information system (HIS) users' personal perceptions and beliefs of the given system and their daily routine usage intention via the technology acceptance model (TAM), considering the two external variables (motivational variables) of the model — ‘task‐technology fit’ (extrinsic motivation; system feature) and ‘self‐efficacy’ (intrinsic motivation; personal feature). Data were collected from hotel employees of 13 upscale hotels in Jeju, South Korea, and path analysis was utilised to test structural model and hypotheses. The results provided empirical support for an extended TAM, and verified its robustness in predicting hotel employees' intention to use a HIS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An overestimated relationship? Violent political unrest and tourism foreign direct investment in the Middle East
Authors: Steiner Christian
Published: June 2010

Although the tourism industry is increasingly globalising, empirical research on the accompanying foreign direct investment (FDI) is surprisingly lacking. Furthermore, the nexus of political risk, violent political unrest and tourism FDI has been relatively neglected. Using Egypt as a heuristic case study and adopting a qualitative methodology, this paper explores the question of how political risk and violent political unrest influence tourism FDI. Surprisingly, the results are not able to corroborate a clear relationship between the two. In contrast, these results indicate that the role of stability and security for tourism FDI in developing countries has largely been overestimated in the past. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Superhydrophobic Surface Fabricated by an Electrostatic Process
Authors: Yoon Hyeon , Park Jong Ha , Kim Geun Hyung
Published: June 2010

We describe the fabrication of a biomimically designed superhydrophobic poly(ε‐caprolactone) surface, which was obtained using a modified electrostatic process. The fabricated surface exhibits a micron‐sized pyramid structure consisting of accumulated droplets and nanofibres. By using this simple one‐step process, we can achieve a superhydrophobic surface having both a high water contact angle and low threshold sliding angle, similar to that of the superhydrophobic plant leaf.

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NMR studies on chiral intermediates in the total synthesis of (+)‐biotin from D‐mannose
Authors: Chen Wen‐xue , Zhang Ping , Chen Fen‐er
Published: June 2010

The chemical structure and stereochemistry of 12 intermediates in the total synthesis of (+)‐biotin starting from D‐mannose as chiral pool were completely assigned using one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR experiments, including 1D selective NOE, DEPT, COSY, HSQC and HMBC. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymeric Membranes from Colloidal Templates with Tunable Morphology
Authors: Casis Natalia , Ravaine Serge , Reculusa Stéphane , Colvin Vicki L. , Wiesner Mark R. , Estenoz Diana A. , Fidalgo de Cortalezzi María M.
Published: June 2010

Polymeric porous membranes were fabricated from templates made from silica particles. The templates were obtained by self‐assembly and by the Langmuir‐Blodgett (L‐B) technique. For the self‐assembly technique, suspensions of silica particles in ethanol were used to create the deposits. L‐B deposition was employed to produce templates of different particle sizes for the fabrication of asymmetric membranes. Two different polymers were tested to fabricate membranes: polystyrene (PS) and the diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA)/urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) copolymer. Templates and porous films were observed by SEM in order to analyze the pore morphology. Permeability of the poly(DEGDMA/UDMA) films was comparable to commercially available membranes. Proposed applications for these ordered porous structures include, sensors, filters, and catalytic materials.

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Interaction of recombinant CanPIs with Helicoverpa armigera gut proteases reveals their processing patterns, stability and efficiency
Authors: Mishra Manasi , Tamhane Vaijayanti A. , Khandelwal Neha , Kulkarni Mahesh J. , Gupta Vidya S. , Giri Ashok P.
Published: June 2010

Six diverse representative Capsicum annuum (common name: hot pepper; Solanaceae) protease inhibitor genes, viz CanPI‐5, ‐7, ‐13, ‐15, ‐19, and 22 comprising 1–4 inhibitory repeat domains (IRDs), were cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant proteins were evaluated for their interactions with bovine trypsin, chymotrypsin, and Helicoverpa armigera gut proteases (HGP) using electrophoretic (native and denaturing) and mass spectrometric (MALDI‐TOF‐MS in combination with intensity fading assays) techniques. These techniques allow qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of multiple and processed IRDs of purified recombinant Capsicum annuum proteinase inhibitor (rCanPI) proteins. rCanPIs showed over 90% trypsin inhibition, varying chymotrypsin inhibition depending on the number of respective IRDs and over 60% inhibition of total HGP. rCanPI‐15 that has only one IRD showed exceptionally low inhibition of these proteases. Interaction studies of rCanPIs with proteases using intensity fading‐MALDI‐TOF‐MS revealed gradual processing of multi‐IRD rCanPIs into single IRD forms by the action of HGP at the linker region, unlike their interactions with trypsin and chymotrypsin. Intensity fading‐MALDI‐TOF‐MS assay showed that CanPI‐13 and ‐15, possessing single IRD and expressed predominantly in stem tissue are degraded by HGP; indicating their function other than defense. In vitro and in vivo studies on rCanPI‐5 and ‐7 showed maximum inhibition of HGP isoforms and their processed IRDs were also found to be stable in the presence of HGP. Even single amino acid variations in IRDs were found to change the HGP specificity like in the case of HGP‐8 inhibited only by IRD‐12. The presence of active PI in insect gut might be responsible for changed HGP profile. rCanPI‐5 and ‐7 enhanced HGP‐7, reduced HGP‐4, ‐5, ‐10 expression and new protease isoforms were induced. These results signify isoform complexity in plant PIs and insect proteases.
Understanding normality: a qualitative analysis of breast cancer patients concepts of normality after mastectomy and reconstructive surgery
Authors: Denford Sarah , Harcourt D. , Rubin L. , Pusic A.
Published: June 2010

Background: As survival rates increase, many people have to adjust to life after cancer. This includes adjusting to life after surgery. While previous research suggests that patients commonly strive to be ‘normal’ after mastectomy and reconstructive surgery, research surrounding individual perceptions of normality is lacking.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore concepts of normality within a sample of breast cancer patients eligible for reconstructive surgery following mastectomy.

Methods: A total of 35 semi structured interviews, with women who had undergone or were about to undergo breast reconstructive surgery following breast cancer, were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results: Four main themes emerged from the data. Women referred to looking normal (appearance); being able to fulfil everyday activities (behaviour); adapting to a new normal (reconstructing normality); and not being ill (health). The importance placed on each area of normality differed between patients. Additionally, patients used different standards to anchor concepts of normality. These included individual standards, social standards and clinical standards.

Discussion: The results indicate that although there are commonalities between patients' concepts of normality, it is important for health care professionals to recognise potential individual differences. This may usefully aid communication and help to manage expectations among patients considering surgical options. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Addressing conflicts in research ethics: consent and risk of harm
Authors: Sim Julius
Published: June 2010

This paper explores some ethical conflicts that may arise in physiotherapy‐related research, focusing particularly on the issues of informed consent and avoidance of harm. These central issues in research ethics are defined and related to fundamental moral principles such as respect for autonomy, respect for persons and non‐maleficence, and their implications are examined through a set of hypothetical case studies, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. It is argued that these ethical requirements may legitimately be traded off against each other, so that a prima facie need to gain informed consent or to avoid a risk of harm to participants may — within certain limits — be outweighed by other ethical requirements. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Migrating, staying, or moving on: migration dynamics in the Chyulu Hills, Kenya
Authors: Muriuki Grace W. , Jacobson Chris , McAlpine Clive , Seabrook Leonie , Price Bronwyn , Baxter Greg
Published: June 2010

Migration is a major household survival option for both the rich and the poor in many developing countries. In rural Kenya, access to land for the poor is fundamental to their survival, with lack of access often resulting in migration. The Chyulu Hills settlements are in a remote region bordering two protected areas, the Tsavo and the Chyulu Hills National Parks. They have a complex history of squatter occupation and secondary migrations, which often end in violent evictions and land expropriation to settle more squatters. We provide an analysis of migration dynamics by identifying patterns, trends, and drivers of population mobility over the past 30 years. We collected data at both household and village level, and used binary logistic models to reveal the proximate and exogenous causes of secondary squatter migration. We used geographical information systems to generate a data set of village access and to map immigrant origins and patterns of village establishment. Migration to the Chyulu Hills is widespread, and secondary migrations are common. Policy factors such as land tenure, issuance of free land, and provision of schools were the strongest factors in changing the odds of migration. Although landlessness in the Chyulu Hills seems widespread, this study revealed that policy was stronger and consistently more influential in determining whether complete households re‐migrated or stayed. This may override or emphasise the role of some classic migration drivers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medicinal and edible lignicolous fungi as natural sources of antioxidative and antibacterial agents
Authors: Karaman M. , Jovin E. , Malbaša R. , Matavuly M. , Popović M.
Published: June 2010

The antioxidant activity of organic extracts of eight fungal species, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma applanatum, Meripilus giganteus, Laetiporus sulphureus, Flammulina velutipes, Coriolus versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus and Panus tigrinus, was evaluated for free radical (DPPH· and OH·) scavenging capacity and an effect on lipid peroxidation, and the antibacterial activity was tested by the agar well diffusion method. The highest DPPH· scavenging activity was found in the methanol extract of G. applanatum (12.5 μg/mL, 82.80%) and the chloroform extract of G. lucidum (510.2 μg/mL, 69.12%). The same extracts also showed the highest LP inhibition (91.83%, 85.09%) at 500 μg/mL, while the methanol extracts of G. applanatum and L. sulphureus showed the highest scavenging effect on OH· radicals (68.47%, 57.06%, respectively) at 400 μg/mL. A strong antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria was also manifested. The antioxidative potencies correlated generally with the total phenol content (0.19–9.98 mg/g). The HPLC determination showed that the majority of analysed species contained gallic and protocatechic acids. Consequently, these fungi are shown to be potential sources of antioxidative and antibacterial agents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiinflammatory properties ofMorus nigraleaves
Authors: Padilha Marina M. , Vilela Fabiana C. , Rocha Cláudia Q. , Dias Marcelo J. , Soncini Roseli , dos Santos Marcelo H. , Alves‐da‐Silva Geraldo , Giusti‐Paiva Alexandre
Published: June 2010

The aim of the present study was to investigate antiinflammatory activity of the methylene chloride extract ofMorus nigrain animal models. Carrageenan‐induced paw edema as well as fibrovascular tissue growth induced by s.c. cotton pellet implantation were used to investigate the antiinflammatory activity ofMorus nigraextract (MnE) in rats. A HPLC fingerprint was used for phytochemical analysis of the extracts. The MnE at test doses of 100–300 mg/kg p.o. clearly demonstrated antiinflammatory effects by reduced paw edema induced by carragenan and significantly inhibited the formation of granulomatous tissue. In addition, chemical compounds isolated fromMorus nigra, including betulinic acid, β‐sitosterol and germanicol, may be responsible for the antiinflammatory effect of the extract. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The differential effect of high and low molecular weight fucoidans on the severity of collagen‐induced arthritis in mice
Authors: Park Seung‐Beom , Chun Kwang‐Rok , Kim Jae‐Kwan , Suk Kyungho , Jung Young‐Mi , Lee Won‐Ha
Published: June 2010

Fucoidans have been extensively studied for their various biological activities but the exact role of fucoidans on the inflammatory processes associated with arthritic disease has not been studied. The effect of the treatment of high, medium and low molecular weight fucoidans (HMWF, MMWF and LMWF, respectively) on the progression of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) was tested. A daily oral administration of HMWF enhanced the severity of arthritis, inflammatory responses in the joint cartilage and the levels of collagen‐specific antibodies, while LMWF reduced the severity of arthritis and the levels of Th1‐dependent collagen‐specific IgG2a. Further in vitro analyses, using macrophage cell lines, revealed that the HMWF induced the expression of various inflammatory mediators, and enhanced the cellular migration of macrophages. These stimulatory effects of fucoidan decreased in fucoidans with lower molecular weights and LMWF did not exhibit any pro‐inflammatory effects. Interestingly, the oral administration of HMWF enhanced the production of IFN‐γ, one of the Th1 cytokines, in collagen‐stimulated spleen cells that had been isolated from CIA mice, while LMWF had the opposite effect. These results indicate that HMWF enhances arthritis through enhancing the inflammatory activation of macrophages while LMWF reduces arthritis through the suppression of Th1‐mediated Immune reactions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.