bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health system frameworks and performance indicators in eight countries: A comparative international analysis
Authors: Braithwaite Jeffrey , Hibbert Peter , Blakely Brette , Plumb Jennifer , Hannaford Natalie , Long Janet Cameron , Marks Danielle
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

Performance indicators are a popular mechanism for measuring the quality of healthcare to facilitate both quality improvement and systems management. Few studies make comparative assessments of different countries’ performance indicator frameworks. This study identifies and compares frameworks and performance indicators used in selected Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development health systems to measure and report on the performance of healthcare organisations and local health systems. Countries involved are Australia, Canada, Denmark, England, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Scotland and the United States.

Methods:

Identification of comparable international indicators and analyses of their characteristics and of their broader national frameworks and contexts were undertaken. Two dimensions of indicators – that they are nationally consistent (used across the country rather than just regionally) and locally relevant (measured and reported publicly at a local level, for example, a health service) – were deemed important.

Results:

The most commonly used domains in performance frameworks were safety, effectiveness and access. The search found 401 indicators that fulfilled the ‘nationally consistent and locally relevant’ criteria. Of these, 45 indicators are reported in more than one country. Cardiovascular, surgery and mental health were the most frequently reported disease groups.

Conclusion:

These comparative data inform researchers and policymakers internationally when designing health performance frameworks and indicator sets.
Refrigeration and the Reduction of the Takeoff Rate of Bushmeat
Authors: Buck Andrew J. , Tchai Tavor , Spiegel Uriel , Morra Wayne A.
Published: January 2017

Rising incomes in the developing world has led to increased consumption of bushmeat as a luxury good with a mounting risk of species extirpation. In a two-period model with stochastic supply, this article shows that the simple expedient of introducing refrigeration to the bushmeat markets can lead to the reduction of harvest rates. In the absence of refrigeration, all bushmeat brought to the market must be sold immediately, putting downward pressure on price and sending the incorrect signal to hunters that everything they kill can and will be sold. With refrigeration, it is possible to carry over inventory from one period to the next, which in turn limits harvests. Although harvest rates fall unequivocally, there may be no incentive for market participants to introduce refrigeration. This last result is explained through the use of the economists’ notion of economic welfare as measured by consumer and producer surplus. Achieving the socially desirable goal of lower harvest rates may require third-party intervention in the market.
Dupuytren’s Contracture
Authors: Lurati Ann R.
Published: January 2017

Dupuytren’s disorder is considered a genetic disorder and therefore not covered under workers’ compensation. Personal risk factors include workers of Northern European descent and workers that are older than 50 years. However, new evidence has shown that certain occupational activities may increase the risk of developing this disorder. This article is a review of the literature with a case study. Work-related and personal risk factors are explored, as well as interventions and return to work recommendations.
Modelling bronchopulmonary dysplasia in mice: how much oxygen is enough?
Authors: Nardiello Claudio , Mižíková Ivana , Silva Diogo M. , Ruiz-Camp Jordi , Mayer Konstantin , Vadász István , Herold Susanne , Seeger Werner , Morty Rory E.
Published: January 2017

Progress in developing new therapies for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is sometimes complicated by the lack of a standardised animal model. Our objective was to develop a robust hyperoxia‑based mouse model of BPD that recapitulated the pathological perturbations to lung structure noted in infants with BPD. Newborn mouse pups were exposed to a varying fraction of oxygen in the inspired air (FiO2) and a varying window of hyperoxia exposure, after which lung structure was assessed by design‑based stereology with systemic uniform random sampling. The efficacy of a candidate therapeutic intervention using parenteral nutrition was evaluated to demonstrate the utility of the standardised BPD model for drug discovery. An FiO2 0.85 for the first 14 days of life decreased total alveoli number and concomitantly increased alveolar septal wall thickness, which are two key histopathological characteristics of BPD. A reduction in FiO2 to 0.60 or 0.40 also caused a decrease in the total alveoli number, but the septal wall thickness was not impacted. Neither a decreasing oxygen gradient (from FiO2 0.85 to 0.21 over the first 14 days of life) nor an oscillation in FiO2 (between 0.85 and 0.40 on a 24 h:24 h cycle) had an appreciable impact on lung development. The risk of missing beneficial effects of therapeutic interventions at FiO2 0.85, using parenteral nutrition as an intervention in the model was also noted; highlighting the utility of lower FiO2 in selected studies, and underscoring the need to tailor the model employed to the experimental intervention. Thus, a state-of-the-art BPD animal model that recapitulated the two histopathological hallmark perturbations to lung architecture associated with BPD is described. The model presented here, where injurious stimuli have been systematically evaluated, provides the most promising approach for the development of new strategies to drive post-natal lung maturation in affected infants.
Facilitating informal learning in nursing
Authors: Corrigan Siobhán , Curtis Elizabeth A
Published: January 2017

This article highlights the critical importance of facilitating and sustaining informal learning in healthcare settings and discusses how distributed leadership can promote the ongoing collaboration required to enhance the way informal learning is cultivated and existing knowledge and experiences are shared. This article poses a number of challenges to traditional leadership and learning processes and highlights the critical need for more empirical research in this area.
How lack of information hampers decision making in ophthalmology
Authors: Salmon Harold Andrew , Chalk Daniel , Stein Ken
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Demonstration of cost-effectiveness is an established hurdle for new treatments and technologies. However, evidence synthesis, including simulation modelling, can be very difficult in the absence of good quality research that addresses pertinent questions, and people with rare conditions may have to forego the best available treatments. We illustrate this point with regard to the current choice between intravitreal ranibizumab, verteporfin photodynamic therapy (VPDT) or combinations of these (combination therapy) for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Methods:

We developed a Markov model to simulate equivalent cohorts of 65-year-old patients over a lifetime horizon. We obtained costs from the NHS national tariff, and utility values based on unilateral visual function deterioration. We carried out deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to investigate the sensitivity of the results to uncertainty in the model parameters.

Results:

Our model predicts that both VPDT and combination therapy offer cost savings but lower clinical efficacy over a lifetime horizon at £81 165 and £14 826 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) respectively. VPDT monotherapy has a 99% chance of cost-effectiveness at a willingness to pay of £30 000 per QALY gained. Combination therapy has a low (29%) probability of cost-effectiveness, however, this is heavily dependent on the modelled incidence of haemorrhagic adverse events.

Conclusion:

Based on the results of our model, VPDT might be commissioned according to a strict decision rule interpretation. The outcome regarding combination therapy is uncertain. These conclusions are dependent on the available evidence. There is considerable modelling and parameter uncertainty, which needs to be urgently addressed.
Is the weekend mortality effect real?
Authors: Jones Rod
Published: January 2017

Rod Jones looks at weekend mortality, same day emergency admissions and other awkward issues
We gain more strength from diversity
Authors: Lawson Deborah , withheld Name , Howard Debbie
Published: January 2017

MA Education Ltd, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, London, SE24 0PB neil.henty@markallengroup.com
The early years leads the way in community cohesion
Authors: Lee Maureen
Published: January 2017

‘It takes a community to raise a child’ is a phrase we hear often, but how much faith do we have in our policies and practices when it comes to ensuring that we include the ‘family around a child’?
Numerical heroes can help to spread the word
Authors: Ziolkowski Stella
Published: January 2017

Children's attainment in maths still lags behind other areas, such as literacy, despite efforts by the government to address this. Now, a programme aims to make Maths Champions of us all.
Finding life thriving in a politically imagined ghetto
Authors: Sabine Alex
Published: January 2017

The consternation caused by comments by a senior member of the inspectorate caused a social media storm on the Isle of Wight last year, but served to highlight the powerful drive to improve life chances.
Healthy habits in reception as part of the school day
Authors: Dukes Chris , Smith Maggie
Published: January 2017

Building activities into everyday class and school routines, and through a series of small interventions, will help you to begin to build and promote healthy habits in young children that can last a lifetime.
Developing trust in the media age
Authors: Wright David
Published: January 2017

If the modern world has told us anything it is that people are influenced in many ways from a wide variety of sources. This is a complex and personal construct, but has serious implications for the early years.
Should we review the reception year?
Authors: Merrick Beatrice
Published: January 2017

A recent recommendation from the Teaching School Council that government review teaching prior to key stage 1 is the latest top-down report to misunderstand the nature of learning in the early years.
The need to talk and listen
Authors: Chalmers Debbie
Published: January 2017

Adults and children must understand how to talk and listen to each other, as well as how to recognise body language, reactions and feelings, in order to develop constructive relationships and social skills.
Model with junk outdoors
Authors: Rodgers Anne
Published: January 2017

Just as there is no such thing as bad weather, there is no such thing as rubbish, well, within reason, but most of what we recycle has the potential to turn a child's imagination into modelled reality.
Outpatient clinic numbers: a review of standards and current practice
Authors: Beegun I , Steele L , Hassaan A , Saleh H , Grant W
Published: January 2017

This article explores current recommendations for the safe and efficient running of outpatient clinics, why non-adherence exists, the consequences of non-adherence, and what can be done to improve standards. It promotes adherence to recommendations by both clinical and managerial staff.
‘Prized assets of a ghost economy’: Some notes on The Unreturning
Authors: Malone Martin
Published: January 2017

This article explores aspects of the creative strand of the author’s research into Great War poetry and twenty-first-century legacies of the war itself. Whilst one of the two accompanying poetry collections retains a more discernible resemblance to the prevailing mode of lyric elegy, his prose poem sequence, The Unreturning, consciously seeks to disrupt this tradition by adopting the less common neo-modernist poetics of writers such as Geoffrey Hill. What follows is a brief discussion of work-in-progress towards the creation of more resonant and meaningful contexts for our remembrance of a century-old conflict that continues to enjoy extraordinary levels of cultural and political privilege in the United Kingdom.
More than ‘a moment’s monument’
Authors: Guite Malcolm
Published: January 2017

This article surveys the place of the sonnet in contemporary poetry, from the publication of Geoffrey Hill’s Tenebrae (1978) to the present day. After a reflection on the nature and critical history of the sonnet as a form, drawing on Don Paterson’s introduction to his 101 Sonnets anthology for Faber (2012), the article looks at the re-possession and reworking of the form by Hill, Heaney (under the influence of Robert Lowell) and Paterson, especially in the latter’s free ‘versioning’ of Rilke’s Sonnets to Orpheus (Rilke, 2012). The article investigates the relevance of both terms in Rossetti’s definition of the sonnet as a ‘moment’s monument’ (1881) and concludes with a survey of sonnets in more recent work, including Adrian Rice’s Moongate Sonnets (2013), Richard Berengarten’s Notness (2013) and Adam Crothers’ Several Deer (2016).
‘Orphans of Poetry’: The poetry of childhood and the poetry for children of Robert Graves
Authors: Joseph Michael
Published: January 2017

‘Orphans of Poetry’ examines poems by Robert Graves in order to argue three related points: that Graves’s ideas about childhood and children’s poetry, which anticipate more contemporary attitudes, were significantly shaped by his harrowing experience in the trenches in World War I; that Graves had an extraordinarily complex idea of nonsense as something larger than reasonableness and believed in its ‘explanatory power’, a belief arising from a philosophical scepticism he adopted when he was in his early twenties; that his idea of nonsense dovetailed with the notion of poetic truth, or a kind of knowledge accessible only through poetry or only to readers of any age who had the capacity to conceptualize in the mode of a poet.
The experience of the Askavusa Association: Migrant struggle with cultural activities
Authors: Vecchi Ilaria
Published: January 2017

In this article I examine the history and main developments of the Askavusa Association, founded in 2009 in Lampedusa, the southernmost Italian territory, on the southern edge of Europe. As one of the most active and interesting collectives supporting the migrant struggle in Italy, Askavusa has received attention for its various activities held in Lampedusa and abroad, and especially for the organization of the LampedusaInFestival and the collection of migrants’ objects in PortoM. As an activist and member of the group, in this article I concurrently identify some of the limits of the actions organized by the collective. As such, this article represents the natural outcome of my participation and collaboration with Askavusa, combined with an analysis of several interviews that I collected in Lampedusa over the years.
Between the Past and the Future: Philip Johnson’s Design Thinking and Practice at GAI, Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Azizkhani Mehdi
Published: January 2017

The scholarly discourse on modern architecture in the Middle East focuses in large part on the interactions and contradictions between the past and the future, and identifies the ways in which tradition and local history have become the source of inspiration for modern designs. While this discourse has addressed the political associations of this architecture rather well, detailed examinations of its design qualities are lacking. As a case study investigating this interesting relationship, this article examines the Group Apartments in Isfahan (GAI), designed by noted American architect Philip Johnson, in order to explore some of these design qualities. The article investigates the formation of GAI, including its design features and the architect’s design thinking and practice, within the local context of the historical city of Isfahan, Iran. By scrutinizing the story behind the formation of GAI, the case study presented here will look into the ways in which traditional buildings may inspire modern design, thereby providing a rich context to draw lessons for analysing other modern architectures of the Middle East.
Hybrid Modes of Architectural Production in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Colistra Joe
Published: January 2017

This article presents a recent design exercise in which architecture students from the American University of Sharjah were asked to design a sustainable scientific research facility with associated housing in the desert oasis city of Al Ain in the United Arab Emirates. The studio investigated vernacular habitation patterns and crafts of ancient desert dwellers in order to develop techniques for inhabiting this harsh environment. The vernacular techniques examined have allowed people to exist in the region for tens of thousands of years and include courtyard house typologies, ‘arish (palm-leaf) construction, nomadic Bedouin weaving, mashrabiya (latticework) screens, dhow boat-making, sand baffles, sewn lateen (triangular) sails, wind towers and qanat (irrigation) channels, to name a few. The students examined and reinterpreted these techniques to align them with modern construction requirements and contemporary ways of living. Using ‘hybrid’ models, the students made small-scale fabrications partly determined by the site, and in so doing created proposals that were extremely site-specific and therefore inherently sustainable. In contrast to the highly incongruous development patterns of such contemporary urban environments as Dubai and Abu Dhabi, the architectural approach that emerged from this exercise aspires to be environmentally sensitive while maintaining cultural authenticity.
Précis
Authors: Mondini Sara
Published: January 2017

‘MEDIEVAL TOMBS AND THEIR SPATIAL CONTEXT: STRATEGIES OF COMMEMORATION IN CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM’, UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN, KUNSTHISTORISCHES INSTITUT, GERMANY, FEBRUARY 18–20, 2016
A Nineteenth-Century Architectural Archive: Syed Ahmad Khan’s Aṣar-us-Ṣanādīd
Authors: Rajagopalan Mrinalini
Published: January 2017

The establishment of British colonialism in nineteenth-century India cannot be separated from European projects that surveyed and classified the objects, peoples and practices of the subcontinent. Indian and European curiosity about the architectural monument took on a special significance at this time as historic buildings were seen as purveyors of ‘factual’ historical information. European agents, however, saw themselves as the sole authors and interlocutors of such modern and objective histories, marginalizing Indian knowledge as unscientific and fanciful. Yet Indians as well as Europeans mutually constituted the production of knowledge during this time, relying heavily on material culture to interpret the past. This article is based on the Aṣar-us-Ṣanādīd (Traces of Noblemen, 1st ed. 1847), a 600-page comprehensive survey of Delhi’s monuments written in Urdu by the Indian intellectual Syed Ahmad Khan. By examining the visual, chronological and comparative methodologies used in the Aṣar-us-Ṣanādīd, this article argues that Syed Ahmad created a thoroughly modern archive of Delhi’s historic architecture. In doing so, he both shaped the conceptual category of an architectural monument and heavily influenced later European articulations of the same.
Journalists’ attitudes towards journalism regulations in the Arab world: Oman as a case study
Authors: Al-Kindi Abdullah K. , Al-Syabi Bader S.
Published: January 2017

This study researches journalists’ attitudes towards journalism regulations, mainly publication laws. The study focuses on the Sultanate of Oman as one case study from the Arab world. To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, no local work on this topic has previously been undertaken. However, there do exist some studies that deal with textual and critical analyses of the legalizing press laws in the Sultanate. This study employs the survey method and uses the questionnaire to research journalists’ attitudes, especially those of journalists working on the Arabic dailies Al-Watan, Oman, Al-Shabiba, Al-Zaman and Al-Ro’ya. The questionnaire covered fourteen different topics from which a number of conclusions could be drawn. Notably among them, the majority of journalists working in the Sultanate do not have the necessary background in press legal culture. Furthermore, many of the surveyed journalists thought that the Publications and Publishing Law contradicts the Basic State Law of the country (the Constitution) in some of its stipulations and that it is out of step with current local, regional and international developments in the world of media and communication. Because of this it shackles press work.
Uses and effects of companies’ Facebook pages among Jordanian users
Authors: Elananza Azzam A. H. , Mahmoud Abd El-Basit A. H.
Published: January 2017

This study attempts to investigate the uses and effects of companies’ Facebook pages among Jordanian users and examine the relationships with uses, reasons for use, interactions on the pages, and effects of these pages among them. The current study is theoretically guided by a uses and dependency model through a questionnaire survey administered to a convenience sample of 395 Facebook users who live in Jordan, from 1 August to 30 September 2015. The results indicate that most respondents use companies’ Facebook pages as a source of brand information. Our findings also indicate that the reasons for using companies’ Facebook pages, the interactions on these pages, as well as their uses are positively associated with the effects of its use.
Trial by media: The framing of Oscar Pistorius as the media spectacle
Authors: Johnson Kim
Published: January 2017

The coverage of the Oscar Pistorius bail application proceedings is examined using the notions of ‘trial by media’ and ‘the media spectacle’. A sample of 54 issues was taken from the Cape Argus and quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. The research substantiated the hypothesis that Pistorius was subjected to a trial by the media, in which he was convicted in the court of public opinion. Furthermore, the coverage of the legal proceedings by the Cape Argus elevated the status of the case to that of ‘the megaspectacle’, which emphasized the importance of Pistorius, while demoting the importance of Reeva Steenkamp. ‘The megaspectacle’ also highlighted the societal struggles that South African citizens face, including poor gun control, domestic violence, subordination of women, as well as racism.
Growing pains: The changing ethical landscape of fan studies
Authors: Zubernis Lynn , Davis Kelsey
Published: January 2017

One of the strengths of the field of fan studies is its interdisciplinary nature, which brings a diversity of insights and perspectives to the field. The ethical manner in which to study fandom, however, is complicated by those multiple perspectives. Questions about defining the subject of study, prioritizing ethical issues of privacy and consent or representativeness and authenticity, and the appropriate stance of the researcher continue to be debated within this complex ethical landscape.
Homesick for the unheimlich: Back to the uncanny future in Alien: Isolation
Authors: Sloan Robin
Published: January 2017

In 2014 Sega released Creative Assembly’s Alien: Isolation, a video game sequel to the 1979 film Alien. As an attempt to create both an authentic homage to the Alien franchise and a credible successor to Ridley Scott’s original film, Alien: Isolation was received as both a work of remediated nostalgia and as a deeply uncanny survival horror. This article discusses Alien: Isolation framed by theories of the uncanny (the unhomely) and of nostalgia (the homely), with the aim of revealing how the production design of the game reconciled these seemingly contradictory but nonetheless overlapping aesthetic qualities. By drawing on examples from Alien: Isolation’s visual and level design, this article discusses how the integration of nostalgic and uncanny qualities could be of value to horror and sci-fi game design, in particular to the development of sequels within existing franchises, and to remediations, remakes and reboots.
Review
Authors: Wilke Stephen
Published: January 2017

FEAR AND LOATHING IN THE DARK ZONE: PLAYER VS PLAYER

TOM CLANCY’S THE DIVISION, UBISOFT MASSIVE (2016) Playstation 4, online, $29.99 (Amazon, USD)
Children’s illustration in Nepal: An imagined identity
Authors: Shrestha Promina
Published: January 2017

This article aims to understand the concept of Nepali pann (-ness/touch/flavour) in Nepali children’s illustration – to examine and address how the country’s changing sociopolitical and economic changes have affected the parameters of Nepali-ness and defined visual parameters of national identity – by tracing the historical trajectory.
Creating a new Scottish musical: Composing and staging The Choir – an interview with Ricky Ross and Dominic Hill
Authors: Cooper Tom
Published: January 2017

Ricky Ross is a Scottish singer-songwriter. He is lead singer of the band Deacon Blue, which he formed in Glasgow in 1985. He has also released six solo albums, and as a songwriter has written for artists including James Blunt, Jamie Cullum, Nanci Griffith, Ronan Keating, KT Tunstall and Will Young. The Citizens Theatre, known as ‘the Citz’, is the West of Scotland’s principal producing theatre and has produced a wide range of theatre productions over its 70-year history. Its Victorian building in the Gorbals, an area to the south of Glasgow, houses a 500-seat main auditorium and two studio spaces. Dominic Hill became Artistic Director of the Citizens Theatre in 2011, before which he was Artistic Director of the Traverse Theatre in Edinburgh, and joint Artistic Director of Dundee Rep Theatre. He has directed productions extensively around the United Kingdom, including for the Royal Shakespeare Company and Scottish Opera. Ricky Ross’ original musical The Choir (book by Paul Higgins, lyrics by Higgins and Ross) was produced by the Citizens Theatre in partnership with Ambassador Theatre Group from 24 October to 14 November 2015. In this interview, Tom Cooper talks to Ricky Ross and Dominic Hill about their compositional and directorial approaches to The Choir, the functioning of the songs within the work, the journey from rehearsal to performance, and the Scottishness of the piece, as well as exploring the Citizens Theatre’s new partnership with Ambassador Theatre Group, created to nurture and produce new ‘local’ musicals.
Pemberian Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu pada Bayi yang Berkunjung ke Unit Pediatri Rawat Jalan
Authors: Soedibyo Soepardi , F Winda
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Makanan pendamping (MP) ASI harus diberikan mulai usia 6 bulankarena mulai usia ini bayi sangat rentan untuk terjadi malnutrisi. Namun, pemberianMP-ASI terlalu dini mempunyai dampak yang kurang baik pada bayi.Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui pengetahuan orangtua mengenai MP-ASI tentang usiapemberian, alasan ibu memberikannya jenis MP-ASI dan cakupan pemberian ASIeksklusif.Metoda. Penelitian deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang, dilakukan pada orang tuapasien yang membawa anaknya berusia 1-12 bulan, yang sudah diberikan makananpendamping untuk berobat di Pediatri Rawat Jalan, RS Dr. Cipto MangunkusumoJakarta.Hasil. Responden perempuan lebih banyak dari pada laki-laki, usia berkisar 17-38 tahun,pendidikan mulai SD sampai perguruan tinggi. Memberikan MP-ASI <4 bulan pada12 responden (12,63 %), 4-6 bulan 80 responden (84,21 %) dan 3 responden memberikanpada usia >6 bulan (3,6 %). Jenis MP-ASI berupa air tajin, bubur susu, buah-buahandan biskuit. Jumlah bayi yang mendapat susu formula 9 (9,47 %).Kesimpulan. Delapan puluh empat persen orang tua memberikan MP-ASI pada usiabayi sesuai anjuran WHO yaitu usia 4-6 bulan. Makanan pendamping ASI yang diberikanpada anak yang termuda adalah air tajin dan air kaldu ceker ayam. Cakupan pemberianASI eksklusif 6,3 %, sedangkan jumlah bayi yang hanya diberi susu formula 9,47 %.
Hepatitis Akibat Penyakit Sistemik
Authors: Daulay Dedy Gumilang , Supriatmo Supriatmo , Sinuhaji Atan Baas
Published: January 2017

Hati merupakan organ parenkim terbesar yang sering terlibat akibat penyakit sistemik.Pada beberapa penyakit sistemik, hati dapat lebih bertahan dibanding organ tubuhlainnya. Dalam mengevaluasi pasien dengan disfungsi dan penyakit sistemik, klinisiharus dapat membedakan apakah gangguan hati yang terjadi akibat penyakit sistemik,akibat obat yang digunakan dalam terapi penyakit sistemik tersebut ataupun bersamaandengan penyakit hati primer
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Asma pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Wenang Kota Manado
Authors: Laisina Abraham H. , Takumansang-Sondakh D. , Wantania J. M.
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Asma merupakan salah satu penyebab utama penyakit kronis padaanak. Meningkatnya prevalensi asma menyebabkan para peneliti mengarahkanpenelitiannya kepada faktor-faktor risiko timbulnya asma.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan beberapa faktor risiko dengan kejadian asma pada anakSekolah Dasar (SD) di Kecamatan Wenang, Kota Manado.Metoda. Penelitian cross sectional , dilakukan pada Mei – Juni 2005 denganmenggunakan kuesioner pada 11 sekolah dasar dengan prosedur pengambilan sampeldua tahap secara acak sederhana.Hasil. Hasil analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik menunjukkan terdapathubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat asma pada orang tua, penyakit atopi padaanak selain asma, infeksi saluran napas, dan obesitas dengan kejadian asma pada anakSD di Kecamatan Wenang Kota Manado (p < 0,001).Kesimpulan. Riwayat asma pada orang tua, penyakit atopi pada anak selain asma,infeksi saluran napas dan obesitas merupakan faktor risiko utama yang berhubunganbermakna dengan kejadian asma pada anak SD di Kecamatan Wenang Kota Manado.
Perjalanan Penyakit Purpura Trombositopenik Imun
Authors: Yohmi Elizabeth , Windiastuti Endang , Gatot Djajadiman
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Purpura trombositopenia imun merupakan kelainan hematologi yangumum dijumpai, ditandai dengan penurunan jumlah trombosit disertai manifestasiperdarahan berupa perdarahan kulit. Tata laksana yang terbanyak adalah pemberiankortikosteroid baik dalam bentuk tunggal atau kombinasi. Sebagian besar pasien akanmengalami remmisi dalam 6 bulan, sedang selebihnya dapat menjadi kronik.Tujuan. Mendapatkan gambaran klinis, respons terhadap terapi dan perjalanan penyakitanak dengan purpura trombositopenik imun (PTI) di Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan AnakRumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo.Metoda. Dilakukan penelusuran data rekam medis pada anak (usia 0-18 tahun) denganPTI baru yang berobat ke Divisi Hematologi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RumahSakit Cipto Mangunkusumo antara Juli 2003 sampai Mei 2006.Hasil. Enam puluh enam pasien dengan PTI berhasil diidentifikasi, terdiri dari 43 laki-lakidan 23 perempuan, usia rerata 4,78 tahun (rentang 1 bulan – 14,9 tahun; puncaknya usia 2-5tahun). Manifestasi perdarahan terbanyak berupa petekie (59) diikuti epistaksis (12), perdarahanmukosa mulut (8), perdarahan subkonjungtiva (5), hematemesis/melena (4), dan hematuria(3). Tujuh belas mengalami lebih dari 1 gejala. Tidak ada yang mengalami perdarahanintrakranial maupun meninggal dunia. Pemeriksaan aspirasi sumsum tulang dilakukan pada15 pasien dan hanya 1 yang menunjukkan gangguan pematangan sistem granulopoetik. Tujuhbelas pasien tidak mendapatkan terapi dan hanya memerlukan observasi, sedang 49 pasienlainnya mendapat terapi. Pengobatan terdiri dari pemberian kortikosteroid (24/49),kortikosteroid serta transfusi trombosit (23/49), kortikosteroid dan imunosupresan (1/49),dan kortikosteroid dan imunoglobulin (1/49). Pasien PTI yang mengalami remisi sebanyak38 pasien dan sebagian besar remisi terjadi kurang dari 6 minggu (30/38). PTI kronik didapatkanpada 9 pasien. Sembilan belas pasien tidak diketahui perjalanan penyakitnya karena tidakkontrol. Semua pasien berusia di bawah 1 tahun mengalami remisi dalam 6 bulan dan tidakada yang menjadi kronik. Pasien berusia di bawah 10 tahun lebih banyak yang mengalamiremisi dalam 6 bulan (PTI akut) dibandingkan dengan anak yang berusia di atas 10 tahun.Kesimpulan. PTI ditemukan lebih banyak pada anak laki-laki dari pada anak perempuan(1,8:1). Usia rerata awitan PTI 4,78 tahun; puncak kejadian pada usia 2-5 tahun.Manifestasi perdarahan terbanyak berupa petekie, diikuti epistaksis, perdarahan mukosamulut, perdarahan subkonjungtiva, hematemesis/melena, dan hematuria Sebagian besarkasus sembuh dalam 6 minggu. Sebagian besar pasien mendapatkan terapi kortikosteroid,baik sebagai terapi tunggal ataupun kombinasi. Anak berusia di bawah 1 tahun semuanyamengalami remisi dan tidak ada yang menjadi kronik.
Green manure affects cut flower yield and quality of ‘Vegas’ rose bushes
Authors: Almeida Elka Fabiana Aparecida , Souza Roseane Rodrigues , Lessa Marília Andrade , Reis Simone Novaes , Carvalho Lívia Mendes
Published: January 2017

Rose cultivation requires many inputs for satisfactory production, making the process expensive. Nowadays, alternative practices have been used for sustainable crop production. Green manure is an agricultural practice that aims to maintain or improve soil fertility, increasing its yielding capacity. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of green manure with legumes on the yield and quality of ‘Vegas’ roses. Grafted rose seedlings were cultivated in open field for 30 months. Legumes used as green manure and planted intercropped with rose bushes were forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) was grown in a separate area, cut, macerated, and applied in the rows between rose bushes every 3 months. Plants of control group received no green manure, only mineral fertilizer and cattle manure, as in all other treatments. The experimental design was randomized block with four treatments (three green manure species plus the control) and seven replications. The highest yield and quality of flower stems in ‘Vegas’ occurred with addition of pigeon pea on the soil surface or chemically treated (control). Forage peanut and jack bean are not suitable for intercropping with ‘Vegas’ rose bushes due to possible nutrient and water competition.
Interação rio-aquífero e a meiofauna do ambiente hiporreico
Authors: Veras Tatiane Barbosa , Cabral Jaime Joaquim da Silva Pereira , Paiva Anderson Luiz Ribeiro de , Barreto Aliny Fernanda Santos
Published: January 2017

As interações que ocorrem entre a água superficial (rios e lagos) e água subterrânea envolvem uma série de processos que devem ser explorados no intuito de entender suas interligações, já que a taxa de recarga e a qualidade da água subterrânea dependem fortemente das características dessa interface. A zona de intercâmbio, conhecida por zona hiporreica é formada por uma camada subsuperficial de sedimentos entre o leito do rio e o aquífero, e suas características favorecem o estabelecimento de algumas espécies, destacando-se a meiofauna. Alguns processos biológicos responsáveis pela modificação da qualidade da água de recarga envolvem esses organismos. Um estudo sobre a comunidade da meiofauna hiporreica foi realizado em três pontos do rio Beberibe, Olinda - PE. A meiofauna esteve composta por um total de 4965 indivíduos, distribuídos em oito taxa, onde 97% dos organismos foram representados pelos rotíferas, nemátodas e anelídeos. A densidade média total variou entre 1446,3 indivíduos/ 10 cm2 no verão e 12,1 indivíduos/ 10 cm2 no inverno. A estrutura da comunidade foi correlacionada às variáveis: inverno, verão e granulometria dos sedimentos e o conjunto desses fatores refletiu-se nas características da meiofauna hiporreica do trecho estudado do rio Beberibe-PE. Tanto no verão como no inverno, os pontos onde as densidades de grupos foram mais significativas, foram as dominadas pelas frações arenosas.
Comparison of Temporally Classified and Unclassified Map Animations
Authors: Multimäki Salla , Hall Andreas , Ahonen-Rainio Paula
Published: January 2017

While animation is a natural and, under certain circumstances, effective way to present spatio-temporal information, it has its limitations. Studying animations of large point datasets can be cognitively very demanding. Aiming to help users to comprehend such data, this study presents a new concept of temporal classification. A phenomenon is classified into periods of increasing, decreasing, and steady intensity, and each is assigned different colours in an animation. This concept was tested with a group of experts in the field of the phenomenon. The results suggest that this kind of classified animation, together with a traditional animation presenting the same dataset, supports users in their analysis process and adds to the impression they get of the phenomenon. It also seems that the viewing order of the animations matters: the full potential of the tested method is reached by viewing the traditional version first and temporally classified version after that.
Cover
Authors: Cover Front and Back
Published: January 2017

Detail from The Western Shore of Lake Michigan and Environs, by Jake Coolidge. See Visual Fields, starting on page 25, for more information and images.
Screening the Presence of Amflora Transgenic Potato in Food or Feed Products
Authors: Curticăpean Manuela-Claudia
Published: January 2017

Objective. Amflora potato, event EH92-527-1 was genetically modified to produce only the amylopectin component from starch composition. The presence of the transgenic potato in the food on Romanian market should be verified although the Amflora potato uses for industrial purposes and animal feed. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of the Amflora potato in the food or feed products.

Methods. For this purpose, five samples of potato tubers and four samples of chips were analyzed. DNA isolation was performed with E.Z.N.A. ® MicroElute Genomic DNA kit (Omega Bio-Tek, USA). For identification a potential presence of the recombinant DNA in the food samples it was used GMOIdent RT Event EH92-527-1 Potato kit (Eurofins GeneScan, Germany), that is a real-time PCR kit for qualitative event-specific detection of AmfloraTM EH92-527-1 potato.

Results. Amflora transgenic potato was not detected in any of analyzed samples.

Conclusions. The results of real-time PCR method confirm the absence of Amflora event EH92-527-1 in all potato tubers and chips analyzed samples.
Fabric Selection for the Reference Clothing Destined for Ergonomics Test of Protective Clothing—Sensorial Comfort Point of View
Authors: Bartkowiak Grażyna , Frydrych Iwona , Komisarczyk Agnieszka , Greszta Agnieszka
Published: January 2017

The main purpose of this study is the selection of a proper fabric for the reference clothing for ergonomic tests of protective clothing. For research, seven fabric of different raw material content and different structure were chosen. We studied the handle of fabrics produced from blend of polyester/cotton and polyester/Tencel, which were designated by letters from A to G. The assessment of handle of the fabric was performed based on the mechanical properties of fabrics using Kawabata evaluation system (KES-system). It was proven that one of the tested fabrics (F) made of polyester and cotton fibers (85% PES / 15% cotton) with the reinforced twill weave is characterized by the highest total hand value (THV).The high THV results from the low value of koshi (stiffness) and the highest value of numeri (smoothness) and fukurami (fullness). However, in terms of physiological comfort, the lower value of fukurami is more preferred. It turned out that the fabric with the higher value of fukurami (including fabric F) is characterized by the lower air permeability and higher water vapor resistance. At the end, we decided that the reference clothing will be made of cotton/polyester fabric G with the lowest mass per square meter because of the very good physiological comfort parameters and the satisfactory sensorial comfort parameters.
Investigations on the Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties of Spun Yarns Made from Staple CF for Thermoset Composites
Authors: Hasan Mir Mohammad Badrul , Hengstermann Martin , Dilo Rebekka , Abdkader Anwar , Cherif Chokri
Published: January 2017

This article reports the results of investigations carried out to produce yarns consisting of staple carbon fiber (CF) obtained from process waste for the manufacturing of composites suitable especially for thermoset applications. For this purpose, a comparative analysis is done on processability between 100% staple CF and 60 weight% staple CF mixed with 40 weight% PVA fibers in carding, drawing and spinning process. The hybrid yarns are produced by varying twist level. The PVA fibers of the hybrid yarn are then dissolved using hot water treatment. The mechanical properties of yarns consisting of 100% staple CF and hybrid yarns consisting of staple CF and PVA before and after hot water treatment are investigated. Furthermore, test specimen is also prepared by impregnating 100% staple CF yarn and the hybrid yarns (after the dissolving of PVA) with epoxy resin. The results of the tensile test of the yarns in consolidated state reveals that the hybrid yarn produced with 80 T/m after hot water treatment exhibits approximately 75% of the tensile strength of virgin filament tow, and it is expected that the hybrid yarns can be applied for the manufacturing of thermoset based composites for load bearing structures.
Effect of the air to water ratio on the performance of internal mixing two-fluid atomiser
Authors: Krawczyk Piotr , Badyda Krzysztof , Młynarz Szczepan
Published: January 2017

One of the important parameters describing pneumatic liquid atomisation is the air to liquid mass ratio (ALR). Along with the atomiser design and properties of the liquid it has extremely important influence on parameters of atomised liquid such as: mean droplet diameter, jet range and angle. Knowledge about real characteristics of an atomiser in this respect is necessary to correctly choose its operating parameters in industrial applications.

The paper presents results of experimental research of two-fluid atomisers with internal mixing built according to custom design. Investigated atomizers were designed for spraying a urea aqueous solution inside the power boiler combustion chamber. They are an important element of SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) installation which is used to reduce nitrogen oxides in a flue gas boiler. Obtained results were used by authors in further research, among others to determine the boundary conditions in the SNCR installation modeling.

The research included determining mean droplet diameter as a function of ALR. It has been based on the immersion liquid method and on the use of specialised instrumentation for determining distribution of droplet diameters in a spray – Spraytec by Malvern. Results obtained with both methods were later compared. The measurements were performed at a laboratory stand located at the Institute of Heat Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology. The stand enables extensive investigation of the water atomisation process.
Drug Tourism: General Overview, Case Studies and New Perspectives in the Contemporary World
Authors: Pinheiro Dias Pereira Thiago Ferreira , de Paula Leonardo Batista
Published: January 2017

Several are the motivations and natures of the activities undertaken by tourists, leading to the existence of different types of tourism, which, according to the World Tourism Organization, can be divided into major segments (e.g. Sun & Beach Tourism, Ecotourism and etc.); each one with its own subcategories, as the religious tourism, experience tourism and so on. So, would it be possible to talk about drug tourism? Where, the drug itself would present a significant role as a motivation for travelling. Drug tourism could be seen as the journeys undertaken with the purpose of obtaining or using drugs, which are not available or are illegal in the tourist origin places. The purpose of this article was to provide a general discussion on the subject of drug tourism. In this task, some important examples were cited and the positive and negative impacts on the country or region of destination, the relationships between the different types of drug tourism with the major segments defined by the UNWTO, as well as new perspectives in this field were also discussed. As a case study, were presented information about cannabis tourism in Amsterdam, Netherlands (derived from literature searches and questionnaires in field research). This is a topic discussed only superficially but which is an obvious reality in various tourist destinations. Therefore, it is essential the development of a deeper treatment (deprived of prejudices) about the changes occurring in the contemporary world (concerning the drug politics), which may open new frontiers for this type of tourism.
Czech universities in the knowledge triangle: transfer of knowledge from universities to the business sphere
Authors: Kostić Miroslav , Čadil Vladislav
Published: January 2017

Three key and interacting roles of universities – education, research and innovation – form the knowledge triangle. The concept of knowledge triangle has become one of the cornerstones of the European research and innovation policy during the last decade. In this respect, the article aims at the assessment of research interactions between Czech universities and businesses leading to knowledge transfer. A steep increase of patent activity of Czech universities seemingly creates high potential for commercialisation of R&D results. However, the majority of patents is registered only in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the mentioned increase is not accompanied by higher revenues from sale of patents and licences. The business sector perceives universities as one of the main cooperation partners within the innovation process but the share of business expenditures on university research funding remains very low compared to other EU countries. Predominantly low revenues from the knowledge transfer and especially from sale of patents and licences indicate that technology transfer centres at Czech universities do not work as efficiently as similar university centres in developed countries. Besides relatively short period of their operation, one of the main reasons consists in the way of their funding, mostly dependent on projects funded from the EU Structural Funds. Generally low extent of knowledge transfer from universities to the business sector indicates insufficiently developed knowledge triangle in Czechia. While there is no doubt about the significance of research and education role of Czech universities, the innovation role is well developed only at a few – mainly technically oriented – universities, more focused on applied R&D.
Transfer of Profit to Shareholders at Warsaw Stock Exchange in the Period 2009–2013
Authors: Jabłoński Bartłomiej
Published: January 2017

The Author of the article presents the results of research devoted to the forms of transfer of profit to shareholders of the companies quoted at Warsaw Stock Exchange in the period 2009–2013. The Author concluded that there are features in the group of dividend companies and another group – that of dividend companies which additionally execute share redemption and cancellation – which make them different.
Determinants of Business Success – Theoretical Model and Empirical Verification
Authors: Kozielski Robert
Published: January 2017

Market knowledge, market orientation, learning competencies, and a business performance were the key issues of the research project conducted in the 2006 study. The main findings identified significant relationships between the independent variables (market knowledge, market orientation, learning competencies) and the dependent variables (business success). A partial correlation analysis indicated that a business success primarily relies on organisational learning competencies. Organisational learning competencies, to a large extent (almost 60%), may be explained by the level of corporate market knowledge and market orientation. The aim of the paper is to evaluate to what extent the relationships between the variables are still valid. The research was based on primary and secondary data sources. The major field of the research was carried out in the form of quantitative studies. The results of the 2014 study are consistent with the previous (2006) results.