bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature Effect on Dissipation of Triboelectric Charge into Air from Textile Surfaces
Authors: Onogi Yoshihiko , Sugiura Naoko , Matsuda Chikako
Published: November 2015

Triboelectric charges on textiles dissipate through a charge conduction mechanism and also by accompanying water molecules evaporating into air. The latter dissipation is less extensive than the former, but can be measured quantitatively under highly insulated experimental conditions. Rate constants of charge dissipation into the air at 20°C have been reported as a function of the ambient humidity and water content of fabrics. In this study, the rate constants are analyzed at temperatures above or below 20°C. Two kinds of water molecules, free and bound, are known to be present in the textile surface from charge dissipation analysis. Though free water is involved in atmospheric charge dissipation, the condition of water molecules in the fibers cannot be classified so simply. Rate constants of charge dissipation depend on the ambient absolute humidity and water content of sample fabrics for all the temperatures of these experiments.
Woolen Ring-Frame Drafting
Authors: Fang H. H. , Lee C. S. P. , Cassidy T.
Published: November 2015

The actual twist level in the drafting zone of a woolen ring frame is measured and analyzed with respect to false-twist tube speed, roller velocity, draft, deflector rod height, number of agitator pegs, and the presence or absence of the jaw on the base of the false-twist tube. In terms of influence on the drafting twist, the false-twist tube speed, the pegs, the jaw, and the draft are positive factors, while the deflector rod and front roller velocity are negative factors. An empirical equation is produced to relate drafting twist level to spinning variables, and deficiencies are shown for two earlier equations. A further study is made of the effect of various mechanical parameters on the spinning performance and yarn properties for a number of wool blends. For the sake of brevity, only one parameter is discussed in this paper.
Analyzing the Compressibility of a Random Fiber Mass Based on the Modified Theory of Fiber Contact
Authors: Komori Takashi , Itoh Motoyoshi
Published: November 2015

The effects of fiber crimpiness and other structural parameters on the compressibility of a random fiber mass are analyzed by a model simulation based on the modified theory of fiber contact that we have developed. In place of the crimp ratio defined conventionally for single fibers, we introduce a novel idea based on statistical definition to represent the degree of curliness of fibers as a mass characteristic, the reciprocal of which measures the degree of spatial spread that fibers assume on average within the mass. This new concept is incorporated into the micromechanical theories of fiber masses we proposed earlier to elucidate the dependence of compressive properties of random fiber masses on the crimpiness and length of constituent fibers, as well as on the initial mass density.
Effects of On-Line Heat Treatment During High Speed Spinning of Polyester Filaments on Dye Uptake
Authors: Wang Huei-Hsiung , Hu Yen-Jung
Published: November 2015

An on-line heat treatment procedure is used to improve the microstructure of as-spun fibers during high speed spinning. On-line heat treatment reduces the breaking elongation of as-spun fibers and improves other physical properties. The influences of on-line heat treatment during spinning on the dye uptake of as-spun fibers are studied. Dye uptake versus heating temperature is a typical U-shaped curve. Some analytical work on fiber structure increases knowledge of its influence on dye uptake of fibers. Generally, dye uptake of heated fibers increases with on-line heat treatment. The 250°C on-line heat-treated yarn exhibits excellent dyeing properties in a dyeing temperature range of 80–130°C.
The KES Shear Test for Fabrics
Authors: Hu Jin-Lian , Zhang Yi-Tong
Published: November 2015

Many fabric mechanics researchers have reported that specimens being tested on the KES shear tester are not subjected to pure shear deformation; therefore, test results cannot lead directly to a determination of the fabric shear modulus and stress/strain relationship, particularly in the nonlinear range of stress-strain. Combined with finite element analysis, this paper presents an analytical solution for the distribution of shear stresses and strains in fabric specimens tested on the kes tester. A fabric is treated as an orthotropic sheet during the analysis, which leads to a closed-form solution for the shear modulus as a function of fabric tensile and shear moduli from the kes shear test. A modified shear stress-strain relationship can also be derived. From calculations for fabrics used here, the difference between modified and tested shear modulus values is about 25–30%. The study also suggests that although the shear modulus and curves obtained on the kes shear tester are significantly different from those under the pure shear state, the kes results can still reflect the nature of a fabric under shear deformation and are valid for general objective evaluations. The exact shear stress-strain relationship and actual shear modulus may be modified only when they are required for fabric complex deformation analysis.
Effects of Mechanical Cleaning on Cotton Fibers: Part III: Effects of Card Wire Condition on White Specks
Authors: Bel-Berger Patricia , Von Hoven Terri
Published: November 2015

Combinations of gin and mill cleaning sequences have been studied to determine the best way to clean both smooth-leaf and hairy-leaf cottons. The two varieties were subjected to four different levels of lint cleaning at the gin, followed by nine different mill cleaning sequences, for a total of thirty-six samples. All samples were tested for fiber properties (Part II), yarn strength, and fabric strength and appearance. The yarn and fabric properties are reported in this paper.

In the middle of the study, the card wire was damaged and subsequently replaced, which presented the opportunity to determine the impact of the card wire's condition on white specks. In addition, image analysis of the fabric samples by Optimas detected the percent white, the percentage of the area of white specks in a specified area of fabric. Because of the variability of white specks, a larger sample size was needed than was available for the mill samples, so only trends can be reported for the mill samples. In general, the more aggressive the cleaning, the higher the percent white. When comparing the effect of ginning, each additional lint cleaner produced an increase in percent white for the worn card wire. The new card wire decreased the percent white overall as compared to the worn card wire. The new card wire samples with three lint cleanings had a significantly higher white speck level than zero, one, or two lint cleaners. Similarly, the harsher the mill cleaning, the higher the percent white. The hairy-leaf variety produced percent white values similar to those for the smooth-leaf cotton for both the old and new card wires. Thus, when confronted with the possibility of a white speck problem, minimal gin cleaning and less aggressive mill cleaning are recommended.
The Effect of Organizational Emphases upon the Diffusion of Information about Innovations
Authors: Hoffman Eric , Roman Paul M.
Published: November 2015

An important but seldomly addressed issue for both managers and researchers is how the environment influences innovation in work organizations. A theoretical model explaining this influence is presented and suggests that the environment affects both an organization's emphasis on change and the emphasis given a specific innovation. Findings from a sample of 2083 managers from 96 organizations illustrated that (a) these two emphases were empirically distinct and (b) only the latter significantly influenced managers' tendencies to inform their subordinates about an innovation. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future research and managerial implementation of innovations.
Book Review: I Remember Julia: Voices of the Disappeared
Authors: Jehenson Myriam Yvonne
Published: November 2015

It is a testimony to the pain and fear still surrounding the disappearance of the woman whose story appears in the following pages that, almost twenty years after her death, the reader cannot know her real name.
From the Student's Perspective—My Class Activities: An Instrument for Use in Research and Evaluation
Authors: Gentry Marcia , Gable Robert K.
Published: November 2015

This study reports the development of My Class Activities, a new instrument that can be used to measure students' perceptions of interest, challenge, choice, and enjoyment in their classrooms. These dimensions are frequently found in gifted education literature and are tied to student motivation and learning. Described are (a) the theoretical basis upon which the instrument was developed, (b) the investigation of construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory, and (c) internal consistency alpha reliability estimates using a sample of 1,523 grades 6–8 students. Confirmatory factor analysis, item response theory, and alpha reliability information supported meaningful and accurate interpretations of data obtained from the instrument.
Perfectionism in Mathematically Gifted and Typical Czech Students
Authors: Parker Wayne D. , Portesová Sarka , Stumpf Heinrich
Published: November 2015

The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS; Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990) was administered to 219 youth in the Czech Republic. The sample was composed of both mathematically gifted and typical students. As previously found in U.S. samples, two distinct orthogonal constructs of perfectionism were identified, indicating that healthy and unhealthy perfectionism are not opposite poles on a single continuum but, instead, are independent constructs. In this sample, perfectionism was more problematic among the typical than among the gifted students. The relationship between perfectionism and parent-reported adjustment problems and psychosomatic conditions was fairly weak. Asthma was related to parental pressures, and depression was related to concerns over making mistakes; but the magnitude of the relationship was quite modest. The strongest and most consistent result was found in migraine headaches, with the migraines negatively related to high personal standards and a healthy pursuit of excellence.
Achievement Goals and Implicit Theories of Intelligence among Academically Talented Students
Authors: Ablard Karen E.
Published: November 2015

Academically talented students vary in their reasons for achievement, variation that may provide insight into differences in achievement-related behaviors (e.g., effort and avoidance of challenge) and future underachievement. There were 425 students (at or above the 97th percentile) who completed questions assessing achievement goals and personal beliefs about intelligence. Students ranged widely in learning goals that focus on understanding material and performance goals that focus on doing better than others. As learning goals became stronger, so did beliefs that intelligence can increase via effort. Of all students, 4.4% embraced performance goals and had low confidence in their intellectual ability, a combination of beliefs that can place them at risk for later underachievement.
Giftedness, Adjustment Problems, and Psychological Distress among Chinese Secondary Students in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan David W.
Published: November 2015

This study explored the relationships among giftedness, adjustment problems, and psychological distress in a sample of 215 Chinese junior secondary school students in Hong Kong. These students, nominated by their schools to join the university gifted programs, were assessed on their giftedness as reflected in scores of nonverbal reasoning and divergent thinking, on their adjustment problems in 6 areas, and on their psychological distress in terms of 5 specific symptom areas. The findings indicated that divergent thinking, unlike nonverbal reasoning, had a notable influence on specific psychological symptoms. Students' concerns with interpersonal relationships, as well as the recognition of their abilities, and their concerns for being different emerged as the 2 most important adjustment problems predicting specific psychological symptoms. The implications of the findings for preventive interventions to help gifted students in the promotion of their psychological well-being are discussed.
Teaching to Their Thinking: A Strategy to Meet the Critical-Thinking Needs of Gifted Students
Authors: Dixon Felicia A. , Prater Kimberly A. , Vine Heidi M. , Wark Mary Jo , Williams Tasha , Hanchon Tim , Shobe Carolyn
Published: November 2015

Critical thinking is important for lessons in classes for gifted and talented students. Since definitions of critical thinking are plentiful and varied, teachers must decide what behaviors are most productive in the classroom. One viable method to promote critical thinking through productive discussion is the Dixon-Hegelian method. This paper discusses the merits of this method and describes a classroom that used it. The teacher is introduced and her growth in allowing critical thinking to take place is described. This descriptive study was conducted in a combined 4th- and 5th-grade class of identified gifted students. The students were taught an integrated language arts and social studies unit using two major texts: The Witch of Blackbird Pond (Speare, 1986) and A Girl of the Limberlost (Porter, 1986).
Urban Odyssey: Theatre of the Oppressed and Talented Minority Youth
Authors: Sanders Michael
Published: November 2015

This research study describes a community-based pedagogical and theatrical project that centered on the use of creative writing, drama, and music as tools to unearth and cope with social problems. The class was grounded in the work of Brazilian teacher, actor, and activist Augusto Boal and philosopher Paolo Freire. The activities at a free summer school for gifted and talented adolescents called the Urban Odyssey were designed to provide inner-city youth with the opportunity to dialogue and act around issues of racism, sexism, ableism, classism, and other social problems that they face as part of their everyday existence. Descriptions of the school and activities; instructions on how to use the forum theater concept; and reactions of students, teachers, and community members are included. Implications for school and community work are explored.
Equity and Access: Creating General Education Classrooms Responsive to Potential Giftedness
Authors: Hertzog Nancy B.
Published: November 2015

Underrepresentation of African American students in gifted programs has alarmed the Office of Civil Rights. Achievement gaps between children from minority and low-income homes and Caucasian students from middle-high income homes is a pressing concern in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of project-based learning as a school-wide initiative to increase levels of achievement and to recognize potential in a population of students that is typically underserved in gifted programs. Through qualitative case study methodology, the researcher reveals the voices of participants as they explore the effects that the reforms had on their beliefs and practices. The instructional changes altered their perspectives of their students and their total classroom environment. Implications for creating environments that actively engage students and aid teachers in identifying potential are discussed.
Serving Twice-Exceptional Preschoolers: Blending Gifted Education and Early Childhood Special Education Practices in Assessment and Program Planning
Authors: Chamberlin Scott A. , Buchanan Michelle , Vercimak Dana
Published: November 2015

This article addresses considerations for assessment and intervention planning in serving twice-exceptional preschool children. The authors propose blending recommended assessment practices in early childhood gifted education and early childhood special education in a comprehensive assessment process. In doing so, unique needs of twice-exceptional preschool children may be better met. Interviewing family members and other caregivers to determine strengths and needs in daily routines and observing young children in play are two practices that provide critical information about the preschool child's developmental status, family priorities, and daily life. The authors conclude that routines-based assessment (RBA) and play-based assessment (PBA) provide perspectives that standardized assessments alone cannot provide and that RBA and PBA may be especially effective in identifying and subsequently meeting the needs of twice-exceptional preschool children.
Thinking Through the Evaluation Process: An Interview with Dr. Joseph Renzulli
Authors: Buescher Thomas M.
Published: November 2015

In an affort to introduce the key issues confronting those who wish to effectively evaluate programs for gifted and talented learners, we interviewed joseph Renzulli, Ph.D., who is a Professor of Educational Psychology and Director of the Program for Gifted and Talented at the University of Connecticut. Dr. Renzulli is a widely-recognized advocate and researcher in the field of educating the gifted, and has most recently been active in the field-testing and evaluation of the “Revolving Door Model” for providing educational services to young people. In the course of this interview, Dr. Renzulli points out several important areas for our concern, and sets the stage for the excellent topical articles that follow in this issue.
Using Discriminant Analysis to Identify Gifted Children
Authors: Pyryt Michael C.
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of discriminant analysis and an illustrative example of how this powerful technique can maximize the effectiveness and efficiency (Pegnato and Birch, 1959) of procedures for identifying intellectually gifted students. It is hoped that the information provided in this paper will encourage more researchers and school systems to employ discriminant analysis when developing identification procedure for gifted students.
Gifted Children's Perception of Divorce
Authors: Falk Carolyn
Published: November 2015

Forty-one students from middle grades, some gifted and some not, some with experience with divorce in their families and some who were not, were administered a series of interviews, produced writing samples, and were given a subtest of the Defining Issues test. All groups saw the family as an important unit for them and its break up a serious matter regardless of whether they had personally experienced divorce. The most commonly reported theme in the stories was self blame, and there was hope that the separated parents would reunite. The gifted students gave longer stories and were able to take the perspective of adults as well as children in their stories. The gifted students also showed a stronger desire to want to understand the reasons for the dissolution of the marriage and, as might be expected, showed a more advanced level of moral reasoning.

Additional variance, however, was contributed by the socioeconomic status of the family and the particular school attended making these findings merely suggestive and calling for more detailed investigation into the special coping skills against crisis demonstrated by gifted students.
Voices from the Classroom: Academic and Social Self-Concepts of Gifted Adolescents
Authors: Leroux Janice A.
Published: November 2015

Research data from sixty adolescents identified as gifted students in secondary schools provided insights into their educational, emotional and social development. Both females and males were highly sensitive to societal pressures. External influences of adults were perceived more strongly by females, while influences of friends and peers were perceived more strongly by males. Case studies of one female and one male show sex differences representative of the total group of respondents.
The Motivation to Experiment: A Study of Gifted Adolescents' Attitudes toward Scientific Research
Authors: Subotnik Rena F.
Published: November 2015

This study was designed to investigate some of the variables that characterize students who have achieved success in science. One hundred forty-six winners of the 1983 Westinghouse Science Talent Search completed a questionnaire exploring the subjects' views on the role of the scientist in society, images of self as scientist, personal motivations for conducting scientific research, qualities admired in scientific heroes or heroines, and how often teachers discussed interactions of science and society. Chi square and ANOVA analyses were employed with each of two independent variables: gender and area of science. Female subjects reported more concern with social impacts of scientific research, less variability in their self-image as a scientist, and a tendency to attribute success to hard work and dedication rather than intelligence or creativity than did male subjects. Over all, subjects identified curiosity as the primary impetus for research and indicated a moderate amount of exposure to scientific controversy in the secondary science classroom.
NDN: An Outlet for Exemplary Programs
Authors: Luhman Anna , Michels Kathy A.
Published: November 2015

The National Diffusion Network was established to act as an outlet for exemplary programs to be implemented in schools nationwide. The legislative foundations and operations of the National Diffusion Network are discussed. Several of the programs for the gifted that are recognized by the National Diffusion Network are described and a source for further information is provided.
Parent Perceptions of the Talents of Young Gifted Boys and Girls
Authors: Johnson Lawrence J. , Lewman Beverly Smith
Published: November 2015

This study examined parents' perceptions of their young gifted children's (3- and 4- year-olds) characteristics to determine if there were any differences in parental perceptions of child abilities based on the gender of their child. Information for the study was collected by analyzing questionnaires completed by parents at the time they sought admission for their children to a private school for the gifted. Although there were no differences in the intelligence quotients of boys and girls, there were significant differences in the perceptions of parents of boys and girls with regard to their: (a) use of leisure time, (b) early indications of intellectual ability, and (c) favorite books.
The Gifted Adolescent at Risk: Strategies and Resources for Suicide Prevention among Gifted Youth
Authors: Delisle James R.
Published: November 2015

Despite the widely held belief that gifted children are virtually immune to mental problems, recent research indicates that the incidence of psychosocial problems among gifted youth is at least as prevalent as in the general population. Furthermore, there is an increasing awareness of the potential for suicide among gifted, creative, and high achieving youth. Reminding us that gifted children are “children first, gifted second,” this article reviews techniques that have proven useful in curricula for suicide prevention among a general population of students: bibliotherapy, positive self-talk, self-concept activities. Ideas gleaned from Youth in Crisis (Barrett, 1987) are presented as being particularly relevant to the phenomenon of youth suicide. Finally, a program of guidance designed with the specific social and emotional needs of gifted persons in mind is recommended. This program would address such issues as perfectionism, societal expectations, and premature or dissynchronous development.
Does That Describe Me? Adolescents' Acceptance of the Gifted Label
Authors: Robinson Ann
Published: November 2015

This study examined differences in reported acceptance of and social perceptions of others about the gifted label between 155 adolescents who reported either extreme discomfort (n = 71) or extreme comfort (n = 84) with the label. An examination of incidence rates indicates that one out of six adolescents in the study report extreme discomfort. These “Uncomfortables” are less likely to agree that the gifted label describes them than are the “Comfortables.” Other statistically significant differences were obtained on reports of others' acceptance and differential treatment. Specifically, “Comfortables” agree more strongly than “Uncomfortables” that parents and close friends would describe them as gifted. “Uncomfortables” rejected more strongly than “Comfortables” that either parents or close friends treat them differently because of the label. No significant differences were obtained for reports of siblings or high school cohorts. Descriptively, few students report few instances of the use of conferences in school-initiated labeling. Adolescents who reported parents as their initial labelers were more likely to report overall comfort rather than discomfort with the label. The implications for educational practice are to initiate a proactive program of individual conference which include the student, the parents, and school personnel.
Self-Assessment as a Specific Strategy for Teaching the Gifted Learning Disabled
Authors: Miller Maurice
Published: November 2015

Self-assessment is described as an important element in teaching gifted students who have learning disabilities. Literature on “metacognitive” (“learning strategies”) approaches, and on self-assessment as a component of that, is reviewed with its application to students with specific learning disabilities. Two examples are given showing the way self-assessment can be used in teaching students who are gifted yet who also have learning disabilities.
Sex, Handedness and Allergy: Are They Related to Academic Giftedness?
Authors: Wiley Jennifer , Goldstein David
Published: November 2015

This study attempted to replicate findings that left-handedness and allergy occur more frequently in highly gifted students (Benbow, 1986). Samples of highly gifted and less gifted twelve-year-olds were identified through a regional talent search and subsequently administered questionnaires. In agreement with Benbow's finding, the highly gifted (those with extremely high scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Test) were disproportionately male. However, the present study failed to replicate the finding that the highly gifted were more likely to be left-handed and to have allergies. The theoretical importance of these findings as well as their practical implications for the identification of the gifted are discussed.
Early Childhood Gifted Education: A Collaborative Perspective
Authors: Barbour Nancy Benham
Published: November 2015

Young gifted children are presently an underserved population. The concern for meeting the needs of these children is evident in recent funding initiatives. The dilemmas involved in serving young gifted children may best be solved by a collaborative venture between the two parent fields: Early Childhood Education and Gifted Education. The following paper examines the state-of-the-art in each field and identifies points of intersection. By combining the best practices in each, service to this population can be enhanced.
Designing Curriculum for Parents of Gifted Children
Authors: Strom Robert , Johnson Aileen , Strom Shirley , Strom Paris
Published: November 2015

Gifted education programs typically underrepresent children from minority and low income backgrounds. Uncommon screening measures were used to identify an equity sample of 68 potentially gifted youngsters who would participate in a summer institute. The instruction offered these preschool and primary grade students was complimented by a learning component for their parents. A common and differentiated curriculum was developed for Anglo and Hispanic parents based on their expressed expectations regarding child development. Findings show that schools can serve communities better when opportunities for growth are provided to parents as well as their children.
Guest Editorial: The Media and the Gifted
Authors: Pedraza Carlos A.
Published: November 2015

Comment by James J. Gallagher:

The re-emergence of excellence as a national educational goal has turned the attention of the media to the education of gifted students. The result of this new attention is that many of us have been, or will shortly be, contacted by representatives of the media and asked our opinion on gifted education or an entire range of complex issues. How do we cope with this desired, but somewhat anxiety-producing, situation?

Carlos Pedraza, Deputy Press Secretary to the Governor of Washington has, through the kind offices of Felice Kaufmann, agreed to provide some thoughts on how to interact with the media. We felt that this message was so timely and so on-target that we have made this into a guest editorial; one which we hope our readers will xerox and post by their telephones or up on their walls. Paying attention to any or all of this message could prevent many of the disappointments and surprises that can come from our adventures with the media.
Gifted Teacher Competencies: Ratings by Rural Principals and Teachers Compared
Authors: Nelson Karen C. , Prindle Nancy
Published: November 2015

Rural school principals and gifted educators from 40 school districts in a midwestern state were surveyed with an instrument used in a 1981 national study of university trainers and gifted practitioners. Respondents rated 24 gifted-teacher competency items on a scale of 1 (non-essential) to 5 (essential). Group means for all items were compared for significance and used to provide a rank ordering of the competencies. Results showed remarkable congruence between both rural groups (as well as between these groups and the earlier national sample) on the eight “most essential” competencies. Greatest agreement between groups was found on items describing direct instructional competencies. Significant differences between the rural principals and teachers occurred on items involving counseling and advocacy skills.
Career Maturity of Young Gifted Adolescents: A Replication Study
Authors: Kelly Kevin
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to replicate previous findings of a positive association between academic achievement and career maturity in young adolescents. Academic achievement and gender were the independent variables. The dependent variables were vocational identity, need for occupational information, perceived career barriers, and range of occupational aspiration. Gifted students perceived fewer career barriers than students in the regular curriculum. There were two interactions of gender and academic curriculum. First, gifted boys expressed a greater need for occupational information than gifted girls or students from the regular curriculum. Second, gifted boys expressed an interest in a wider range of occupational aspirations than gifted girls. The implications of these findings for program development in the area of career education and guidance are identified.
High Achieving Students and Moral Judgment
Authors: Narváez Darcia
Published: November 2015

Research exploring the relationship of intellectual aptitude to moral judgment has indicated that, as a group, those with a high intellectual aptitude score significantly above their age peers on measures of moral judgment. These data support the contention that intelligence is a “general factor” that cuts across domains. Some theorists have advocated an alternative view, that intelligence is domain specific. In looking at high achievers, the current study offers support for both views by reporting data that indicate a dependence of moral judgment precocity upon high intellectual achievement. As a group, the high achieving students scored higher on the Defining Issues Test's Principled score. However, there was a wide variation in scores among the high achievers, indicating that apparent intellectual aptitude was not enough for high scores in moral judgment. This variance, along with the fact that no low achiever received an unusually high score, supports the “independent domains” hypothesis of intelligence.
Waldorf Education as a Program for Gifted Students
Authors: Huchingson Robert , Huchingson June
Published: November 2015

Throughout the 70 years that Waldorf schools around the world have been educating children, the teachers and parents in these schools have been excited by their observations. They observe their children becoming confident, conscious, thought-provoking individuals. Through a curriculum of “academics permeated with the arts” (J. Huchingson, 1990), the teacher stands as an evocateur and midwife assisting as the gifts within the individual human being are brought forth.
Narrative Performance in Verbally Gifted Children
Authors: Porath Marion
Published: November 2015

Young, verbally gifted children were compared to chronological- and mental-age controls on a number of variables pertaining to narrative ability. Using a structural-developmental analysis, the gifted children were found to organize their story plots in a way typical of children two years older. Elaborations on the basic plot structure were even more advanced, with gifted children telling stories that were more elaborate than those of their chronological- and mental-age peers. Gifted children also showed considerable advancement on a number of language skills. Conceptual understanding of plot structure appears more related to age than the acquisition of language skills. However, it is what verbally gifted children do with the conceptual structures available to them that distinguishes their narratives. Their story plots indicate elaborate structures and their specific language abilities contribute to the richness and sophistication of their narratives.
Canalplasty for Chronic Intractable External Otitis and Keratosis Obturans
Authors: Paparella Michael M. , Goycoolea Marcos V
Published: November 2015

Patients with external otitis or keratosis obturans who have reached a state of refractory pathology after appropriate and prolonged conservative management may be considered candidates for canalplasty. The original method was described in 1966. We describe our experience with this technique and its modifications in 24 ear cases of chronic external otitis including one patient for whom the term “chronic external otitis hemorrhagica” was coined. In addition, this method was applied in three patients with keratosis obturans. Satisfactory results for healing and hearing were achieved in all patients to date.
Petrosquamosal Suture and Lamina
Authors: Proctor Bruce , Nielsen Eric , Proctor Conrad
Published: November 2015

The junction of the petrosal and squamosal portions of the temporal bone has important relationships that are of interest to the otologist. The resultant suture extends from the glaserian fissure across the top of the middle ear cleft and into the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. It may permit quick passage of infection from the middle ear to the middle cranial fossa. The petrosa may override the squama, forcing it down into the tympanum, where it could cause malleus fixation and a conductive type hearing loss.

In the mastoid the suture is identifiable on the surface, but in the interior it is represented by the petrosquamosal lamina. The deeper portion in the petrosal portion of the mastoid may be easily overlooked in surgery of the mastoid and may lead to facial nerve injury.
Endoscopic Treatment of Aspiration Using a Laryngeal Stent
Authors: Weisberger Edward C. , Huebsch Scott A.
Published: November 2015

Chronic aspiration is a serious problem causing significant morbidity that can lead to prolonged hospitalization and death. This paper represents a two‐year experience in the surgical treatment of chronic aspiration at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, and the development of an endoscopic, potentially reversible procedure using a laryngeal stent that has proved effective in preventing aspiration.
The Cephalosporins
Authors: Rybak Leonard P.
Published: November 2015

CHAIRMAN'S COMMENTS: During the past 15 years, a large number of cephalosporin antibiotics have been introduced for use in clinical practice. These cephalosporin agents present a confusing picture to the medical practitioner. In an attempt to simplify the indications for cephalosporin use in medical practice, Dr Rybak summarizes in this review the first, second, and third generation of cephalosporins including their use, side effects, and cost.
Laryngeal Photography in the Office
Authors: Konrad Horst R. , Kilbourne Charles Scott
Published: November 2015

Office photography of the larynx is a simple, practical way to obtain objective records of laryngeal lesions. This paper describes a method of office photography used by the authors, discusses the problems commonly encountered, and recommends solutions to the problems. The authors recommend a lightweight, single‐lens reflex camera with 70‐ to 105‐mm lens, endoscopic focusing screen, coupler to a 90° laryngeal telescope, and xenon arc or flash illumination.
Meniere's Disease at the University of Iowa: 1973 to 1980
Authors: Chui Robert T.K. , McCabe Brian F. , Harker Lee A.
Published: November 2015

The goals of treatment in Meniere's disease are hearing preservation and control of vertigo. Controversy abounds with regard to the most expeditious and efficacious means of attaining these goals. Low‐salt diet, diuretic therapy, endolymphatic‐mastoid shunt, and middle cranial fossa vestibular neurectomy are all modes of treatment employed for Meniere's disease at the University of Iowa. This review of our experience from 1973 to 1980 summarizes the efficacy of each therapeutic option.
Photographic Analysis for Rhinoplasty: An Immediate Simple Calibrated Technique
Authors: Ewing James A.
Published: November 2015

The Kodak instant close‐up camera produces a standard‐size preoperative photograph from which an immediate calibrated analysis can be performed. By using a direct proportion calculation, precise measurements can be transferred to the actual surgical setting to determine how much to lower the dorsum or shorten the nose in order to produce an esthetically pleasing nose.
Bilateral Pansinus Mucocele with Bilateral Orbital and Intracranial Extension
Authors: Jacobson Alan L. , Lawson William , Biller Hugh F.
Published: November 2015

Bilateral mucocele formation in the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses with intraorbital and intracranial extension is described. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of paranasal sinus mucoceles are reviewed.
The Intranasal Ethmoidectomy: A 12‐Year Perspective
Authors: Eichel Berkley S.
Published: November 2015

Two hundred thirty‐six intranasal ethmoidectomies were performed on 123 patients during a 12‐year period. Four complications representing an incidence of 1.7% are reported with no mortality, blindness, or permanent orbital injuries. An overall 83% (38 patients) success rate in controlling nasal polyposis is recorded in dealing with 46 obstructed nasal polyposis‐pansinusitis patients. A subgrouping of 26 patients having had prior polypectomy sinus surgical treatment revealed an 81% (21 patients) control of nasal polyposis. With revision ethmoidectomy surgical treatment, a 91% (42 patients) overall success rate is recorded, and a 92% (24 patients) success rate is noted in the sub‐grouping. There appears to be no difference between these two groups, implying that the intranasal ethmoidectomy procedure may be the important factor in the control of nasal polyposis.
Steel Bar Penetrating the Skull
Authors: Ossoff Robert H. , Elonka Dennis R. , Sisson George A. , Bytell David E.
Published: November 2015

A 42‐year‐old construction worker was struck in the head by a ten‐foot steel bar that fell 240 feet, entering the left parietal area of the skull and exiting above the left zygoma. The bar was surgically removed and the postoperative course was unremarkable. His residual deficits include mild aphasia and the need of a cane for assistance with walking.
Neoglottis Reconstruction Following Total Laryngectomy: The Emory Experience
Authors: McConnel Fred M.S. , Teichgraeber John
Published: November 2015

A number of studies over the last decade have reported on a viability of the primary neoglottis reconstruction after total laryngectomy. Early results have been encouraging, although operative and perioperative complications are higher than with a classic laryngectomy. This article reports on a series of 13 neoglottis reconstructions performed at Emory University Medical School using the techniques developed by Mario Staffiert, MD. During the course of the study, the overall success rate has fallen from 80% at three years to 54% at five years. With each succeeding year there has been an increasing need for revision surgery. The series emphasizes the need for long‐term follow‐up in any vocal rehabilitation procedure.
A Comparison of a Synthetic Prostaglandin and Xylometazolin Hydrochloride as Nasal Decongestants
Authors: Jackson Richard T. , Birnbaum Jay E.
Published: November 2015

A synthetic prostaglandin E2 analog was compared in the dog to xylometazoline hydrochloride and natural PGE1 and PGE2 for nasal decongestant activity. Using both in vivo nasal patency tests and in vitro nasal blood vessel contraction tests, the synthetic analog was more effective, was very long‐acting, and did not change blood pressure at effective systemic or topical doses.
Otologic Referral Criteria
Authors: Dobie Robert A.
Published: November 2015

Otologic referral is an important component of an industrial hearing conservation program. Recent federal regulations in this area are reviewed, and suggestions for implementation of otologic referral are made. Criteria for otologic referral must be distinguished from a definition of significant threshold shift for internal program action. Test‐retest variability is higher in industrial than in clinical settings, and unduly stringent definitions of significant threshold shift will result in many spuriously identified cases. The American Council of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery has proposed criteria for otologic referral that are probably the best available guidelines. Referrals should be made on the basis of both baseline and periodic audiometry. Most workers referred for substantial audiometric abnormalities have otologic diagnoses other than noise‐induced hearing loss, or require specific intervention, or both.
Congenital Deafness and Episodic Vertigo
Authors: Karmody Collin S.
Published: November 2015

Four congenitally deaf patients who developed episodic vertigo are presented. In two patients exploratory tympanotomy showed no fistulas. The clinical pattern suggests the development of endolymphatic hydrops in association with congenital deafness.
Diagnostic Imaging in Malignant Otitis Externa
Authors: Reiter David , Bilaniuk Larissa T. , Zimmerman Robert A.
Published: November 2015

Comprehensive diagnostic imaging, including plain roentgenograms, pluridirectional tomography, computed axial tomography, and radionuclide scanning with technetium and gallium, is helpful in the diagnosis and management of malignant otitis externa. Acute and convalescent studies are presented in a successfully managed case, and guidelines are offered for employment of these studies in the management of seemingly recalcitrant otitis externa.
Transmastoid Decompression of the Facial Nerve in Temporal Bone Fracture
Authors: Yanagihara Naoaki
Published: November 2015

Among 41 cases of facial palsy caused by closed head injury, temporal bone fractures were surgically confirmed in 36 cases, of which there were two mixed fractures and 34 longitudinal fractures. The fracture involved the geniculate ganglion area in 20 cases (55%). In 15 cases, decompression of the facial nerve was carried out using the transmastoid supralabyrinthine approach with disarticulation of the incus; in only five cases was the middle fossa approach used. The technique avoids the craniotomy for the middle fossa approach and is a reliable method of treatment in the majority of patients with facial palsy caused by temporal bone fracture involving the geniculate ganglion area.
Semibiologic Middle Ear Prostheses: Ossicle Cup and Ossicle Columella
Authors: Schuring Arnold G. , Lippy William H.
Published: November 2015

As a natural step in ossicular reconstruction technique, two semibiologic prostheses are introduced. The prosthesis designed for incus replacement is called the “ossicle cup.” A hole is drilled in the body of an incus or head of the malleus, and the synthetic shaft of the ossicle cup is placed into the hole. The synthetic cup fits over the stapes capitulum, forming a joint. The ossicle keeps the synthetic portion from touching the tympanic membrane. The prosthesis designed for total ossicular replacement is called the “ossicle columella.” In like manner, the shaft is inserted into a shaped ossicle and placed on the remaining footplate. The ossicle columella has a synthetic footplate that rests on the remaining footplate and provides stability and safety. The adaptability of the semibiologic prostheses solves the problems of a laterally healed tympanic membrane, absent stapes capitulum, remaining footplate crura, low‐lying stapes, and retracted malleus. The hearing results of the ossicle cup prosthesis indicate 87% of cases with successful hearing at one year. The ossicle columella results in 71% of cases with successful hearing at one year. To date, the extrusion rate is less than 1%.
Twelfth Nerve Neurilemmoma Occurring in the Middle Ear
Authors: Tralla Michael , Schindler Robert A.
Published: November 2015

Neurilemmomas of the 12th cranial nerve are rare tumors. We present the first reported case of one occurring in the middle ear. This report details the diagnosis and treatment of a large 12th nerve neurilemmoma in a patient whose initial symptoms included vertigo, otalgia, and left‐sided tongue fasciculations with atrophy. Selective carotid angiography and computed tomography scanning defined the extent of the lesion. It involved the skull base and parapharyngeal space with extension into the middle ear and mastoid to the level of the middle fossa and posterior fossa dura. Treatment consisted of total excision via a Blair incision with a retroauricular limb, which is applicable to many skull base and parapharyngeal tumors.
A Longitudinal Study of Changes in the Cochlear Nucleus in the CBA Mouse
Authors: Lambert Paul R. , Schwartz Ilsa R.
Published: November 2015

The cochleas and brain stems of normal‐hearing CBA/CaJ and CaH mice ranging in age from 1 to 18 months were examined by light microscopy to document normal age‐related changes. At all ages examined, the cochlear morphologic structure appeared normal with no obvious loss of hair cells or spiral ganglion cells. In the cochlear nucleus, qualitative and quantitative changes were observed in the total nuclear volume, in globular cell size, and in neuronal packing density.
Effect of Ibuprofen Upon Hearing in the Guinea Pig
Authors: Koopmann Charles F. , Glattke Theodore A. , Caffrey Jill D.
Published: November 2015

The authors investigated the effect of varying doses of ibuprofen upon the hearing of guinea pigs monitored with brain stem‐evoked response procedures. In daily dosages comparable on a weight basis to therapeutic levels in humans, ibuprofen was found not to have significant effects on response threshold or latency characteristics.