bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Pseudosugars. Part 38. Synthesis of α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors: Kojibiose‐Type Pseudodisaccharides and a Related Pseudotrisaccharide.
Authors: OGAWA S. , ASHIURA M. , UCHIDA C.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiocontrolled Acylation of myo‐Inositol Orthoformate.
Authors: FLORES‐MOSQUERA M. , MARTIN‐LOMAS M. , CHIARA J. L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of the O‐7 Antigen from Acinetobacter baumannii.
Authors: HASELEY S. R. , WILKINSON S. G.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Study on a Novel Asn‐Linked Core Structure: Synthesis of a Pentasaccharide α‐D‐Man‐(1→3)‐ [α‐D‐Man‐(1→6)]‐β‐D‐Man‐(1→4)‐ [β‐D‐GlcNAc‐(1→6)]‐β‐D‐GlcNAc→OMp.
Authors: GUO Z.‐W. , ITO Y. , NAKAHARA Y. , OGAWA T.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Fragment Syntheses of All Four Isomers of the Spermine Alkaloid Kukoamine.
Authors: KARIGIANNIS G. , MAMOS P. , BALAYIANNIS G. , KATSOULIS I. , PAPAIOANNOU D.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Neoglycophospholipid Conjugates via Reductive Amination of ω‐Oxoalkylglycosides and Phosphatidylethanolamines.
Authors: SUN L. , CHAIKOF E. L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Acyl‐1,1‐ethylenedioxycyclopent‐2‐enes.
Authors: ANTONEVICH I. P. , LAKHVICH F. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Neocarzinostatin Chromophore.
Authors: MYERS A. G. , LIANG J. , HAMMOND M. , HARRINGTON P. M. , WU Y. , KUO E. Y.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of A‐Factor.
Authors: CRAWFORTH J. M. , FAWCETT J. , RAWLINGS B. J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrol in the Addition of Allyl Metal Reagents to an Optically Active Imine Derived from Malic Acid, Leading to a Formal Synthesis of (+)‐Negamycin.
Authors: SHIMIZU M. , MORITA A. , FUJISAWA T.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Caribbean Ciguatoxin Isolated from Caranx latus.
Authors: LEWIS R. J. , VERNOUX J.‐P. , BRERETON I. M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Diphosphetes with Unusual Structures — A Quantum Chemical Investigation of Bonding Properties.
Authors: SCHOELLER W. W. , TUBBESING U. , ROZHENKO A. B.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rafail Arkadievitch Bekker 1938—1983.
Authors: POPKOVA V. YA.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aspects of the Bioinorganic Chemistry of Silicon in Conjunction with the Biometals Calcium, Iron and Aluminum
Authors: PERRY C. C. , KEELING‐TUCKER T.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanotubes: Basic Structural and Energy Properties
Authors: NIKOLIC A. , RADMILOVIC V. , SIMICIC M. , KORUGA D.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Peculiarities of the Electrophilic Substitution of meso‐Tetraazaporphyrins
Authors: KHELEVINA O. G. , CHIZHOVA N. V. , BEREZIN B. D.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fragrance Chemistry
Authors: FRATER G. , BAJGROWICZ J. A. , KRAFT P.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fullerene Research in the Max Born Institute
Authors: CAMPBELL E. E. B. , HANSEN K. , HERTEL I. V. , HOHMANN H. , MITZNER R. , WINTER B. , GLOTOV A. , GOMES‐SILVA A. , HEUSLER G. , KRAWEZ N.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Linear Free Energy Correlations in Liquid‐Phase Catalytic Hydrogenation of Aromatic Compounds
Authors: MURZIN D. Y. , KULKOVA N. V.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From Quantum Chemistry to Solid State Physics
Authors: MALRIEU J.‐P.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Developments in the Analysis of Vibrational Spectra: The Use of Adiabatic Internal Vibrational Modes
Authors: CREMER D. , LARSSON J. A. , KRAKA E.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Gas‐Phase Halogen Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling Constants: A Review
Authors: PALMER M. H.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In‐Situ Growth and Characterization of Highly Textured La0.9Sr0.1MnO3 Films on LaAlO3(100) Substrates
Authors: Toro Roberta G. , Malandrino Graziella , Perdicaro Laura M.S. , Fiorito Davide M.R. , Andreone Antonello , Lamura Gianrico , Fragalà Ignazio L.
Published: June 2010

La0.9Sr0.1MnO3 (LSMO) films are grown on LaAlO3(100) substrates through metal‐organic (MO)CVD using “second generation” precursors of Sr, La, and Mn. An in‐situ novel MOCVD strategy is adopted which involves the use of two different molten mixtures consisting of the La(hfa)3•diglyme and Sr(hfa)2•tetraglyme adducts as La and Sr sources, respectively, and Mn(hfa)2•tmeda or Mn(tmhd)3 as Mn precursor [Hhfa = 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoro‐2,4‐pentanedione, diglyme = bis(2‐methoxyethyl)ether, tetraglyme = 2,5,8,11,14‐pentaoxapentadecane, tmeda = N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylendiamine and H‐tmhd = 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptandione]. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that the films are c‐axis oriented. Pole figures are applied as a simple non‐invasive tool to assess the textural nature of these LSMO films. The morphology is investigated using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) that reveal the presence of grains, 300 nm average dimensions, and a root mean square (rms) surface roughness of 21 nm. Chemical composition through energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis indicates that the films possess a stoichiometry of about 0.9:0.1:1 ratio, while X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiles are used to assess the vertical compositional homogeneity. The ferromagnetic/paramagnetic and metallic/insulating transition temperatures are determined by standard four‐contact resistivity versus temperature measurements.
Identification of genes controlled by LMX1B in E13.5 mouse limbs
Authors: Gu Wendy X. W. , Kania Artur
Published: June 2010

During limb development, the dorsal limb mesenchyme expression of the transcription factor LMX1B is required for dorsoventral limb patterning. In mice, Lmx1b mutations result in the mirror‐image duplication of ventral limb structures and loss of dorsal limb structures. Heterozygous LMX1B mutations in humans cause the Nail‐Patella Syndrome characterized by limb, kidney, and eye developmental defects. We used DNA microarrays to compare the mRNAs in E13.5 mouse Lmx1b mutant and wild‐type limbs. We report 14 genes that require Lmx1b for their normal expression in the dorsal limb or the restriction of their expression to the ventral limb. Developmental Dynamics 239:2246–2255, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EU emissions trading: Legitimacy and stringency
Authors: Skjærseth Jon Birger
Published: June 2010

In December 2008, the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) was significantly revised and strengthened. This article explores the basis for, and the consequences of, the revision for legitimacy. The key to legitimate EU governance is seen in the convergence of different sources of legitimacy at various levels of society. In addition to member‐state consent, participation of non‐state actors, democracy, expertise and effectiveness are of relevance. The first conclusion is that the recent revision of the EU ETS has indeed been grounded in a broader multilevel legitimacy basis. Second, the system faces significant challenges with regard to carbon markets and effectiveness, which could reduce its legitimacy in the long term. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Capillary gel electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence of plasmid DNA in untreated capillary
Authors: Holovics Heidi J. , He Yan , Lacher Nathan A. , Ruesch Margaret N.
Published: June 2010

A technique utilizing CGE‐LIF in a bare capillary has been developed and evaluated for the detection of the three different topoisomers (linear, open circle, and supercoiled) of plasmid DNA along with the prospect of the dimer form of the supercoiled isoform. Utilizing the zwitterionic buffer, HEPES with boric acid sufficiently prevented capillary wall interactions and minimized the EOF, enabling a well‐resolved separation of different plasmid isoforms. Multiple run conditions including buffer concentration and pH, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose size and amount, injection parameters, and the presence of an intercalating dye were evaluated and optimized. In addition, the feasibility of using this method as a platform for varying sizes of plasmid was investigated.
Peristaltic flow of a second‐order fluid in the presence of an induced magnetic field
Authors: Hayat T. , Saleem Najma , Abd elmaboud Y. , Asghar S.
Published: June 2010

In this paper, we study the effect of the induced magnetic field on peristaltic transport of an incompressible conducting second‐order fluid in a symmetric planar channel. The flow analysis has been developed without low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations. The analysis consists of a perturbation expansion in terms of the small wave number. Computations have been established for the pressure gradient, stream function, magnetic force function, axial induced magnetic field and current distribution across the channel. The effects of pertinent parameters on the pressure rise per wavelength are investigated by means of numerical integrations. We also study the effect of these parameters on magnetic force function, axial induced magnetic field and current distribution across the channel. The phenomena of trapping and pumping are further discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvements on bed‐shear stress formulation for pier scour computation
Authors: Abbasnia Amir Hosein , Ghiassi Reza
Published: June 2010

This paper introduces an improved formula for the bed‐shear stress by applying the vorticity effect and its application in a 3D flow and sediment model to estimate scouring around bridge piers. Up to now, the sediment transport formulae used for computing pier scour were developed based on the general scouring in unobstructed flow. The capability for numerical models to predict local scour around bridge piers was severely restricted by the sediment transport formulae. The new formula introduced in this paper can take into account vortices that affect the local scour process by adding some terms into the classic bed‐shear stress equation.

The 3D numerical model system used in this study consists of three modules: (a) an unsteady hydrodynamic module; (b) a sediment transport module; and (c) a Fation module. The hydrodynamic module is based on the 3D RANS equations. The sediment transport module is comprised of semi empirical models of suspended load and non‐equilibrium bed load. The bed‐deformation module is based on the mass balance for sediment.

The model was used to simulate pier scour in tree different test cases: (1) a circular pier; (2) a square pier; and (3) a rectangular pier, by applying the ordinary sediment equation and the newly introduced sediment equation. Results of both numerical simulations were compared against laboratory measured data and also in case 1 with result of Olsen and Melaaen (J. Hydraul. Eng. 1993; 119(9):1048–1054). Comparisons show that the new sediment formula could predict the scour more accurately than the ordinary one. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ritz method for oscillatory flow in ducts
Authors: Wang C. Y.
Published: June 2010

Oscillatory viscous flow is solved by a Ritz integration method. The method is robust and efficient. The elliptic duct and the isosceles triangular duct are studied in detail. We find that the unsteady flow is dependent on a non‐dimensional frequency s and the aspect ratio b. In general, for s=O(1) or lower, the flow may be considered quasi‐steady, and the velocity is in phase with the applied pressure gradient. For large frequency, s=O(100), the maximum velocity occurs near the larger curvature ends and corners. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Connection between streamwater mean residence time and bedrock groundwater recharge/discharge dynamics in weathered granite catchments
Authors: Katsuyama M. , Tani M. , Nishimoto S.
Published: June 2010

We examined the connection between the mean residence time (MRT) of streamwater and the bedrock groundwater recharge/discharge dynamics in weathered granite catchments, the Kiryu Experimental Watershed (KEW), Japan. Several hydrological parameters including discharge, direct runoff ratio, baseflow recession, and bedrock infiltration were measured or estimated at subcatchments within KEW. Although large differences in the rainfall–runoff characteristics were observed among the small catchments, the differences became smaller and stabilized at the larger catchment scale. The key factor in the stabilization was the bedrock groundwater recharge and/or discharge dynamics, which reflected the differences in MRTs among the catchments. Our results suggest a dominant control of MRT by key geological factors, namely bedrock permeability and bedrock groundwater dynamics. In other words, MRT provides much information to consider when addressing hydrological scaling issues and/or estimating rainfall–runoff processes in a catchment, even an ungauged catchment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘I Remember When I Learned That!’ developmental and gender differences in children's memories of learning episodes
Authors: Bemis Rhyannon H. , Leichtman Michelle D. , Pillemer David B.
Published: June 2010

Eighty 4‐ to 9‐year‐old children answered factual knowledge questions in math, science and social studies during one‐on‐one interviews. Children indicated whether they had known or guessed each answer, and whether they (a) remembered the moment they learned the answer (episodic response) or (b) did not remember. For episodic responses, children provided memory narratives of learning episodes. One third of children's responses identified a learning episode. There was a developmental trend in which older children were more episodic than younger children, and when children knew and provided correct answers, there was a gender difference in which females were more episodic than males. Developmental and gender differences in the characteristics of memory narratives were also apparent. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic but not predictive role of platelet‐derived growth factor receptors in patients with recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Paulsson Janna , Lindh Maja Bradic , Jarvius Malin , Puputti Marjut , Nistér Monica , Nupponen Nina N. , Paulus Werner , Söderberg Ola , Dresemann Gregor , von Deimling Andreas , Joensuu Heikki , Östman Arne , Hasselblatt Martin
Published: June 2010

Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of glioblastomas and represents a target for the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. To examine the prognostic or predictive role of PDGFRs in recurrent glioblastomas, expression was examined in tumor samples of 101 patients of CSTI571BDE40, a randomized trial comparing hydroxyurea monotherapy and a combination of hydroxyurea and imatinib. Furthermore, PDGFRα phosphorylation was investigated using in situ proximity ligation assay. PDGFRα protein was expressed in 33% of tumors and was associated with male sex, young age, presence of R132H mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 protein and short median survival (142 vs. 187 days, p = 0.028). Tumor PDGFRα phosphorylation was also associated with short survival (p = 0.030). The subset of patients with PDGFRα positive glioblastoma did not have longer survival on treatment with hydroxyurea and imatinib compared with hydroxyurea monotherapy. In conclusion, both PDGFRα protein expression and phosphorylation status had a prognostic role in recurrent glioblastomas but did not define a group that showed benefit from the combination therapy consisting of hydroxyurea and imatinib.
Colorectal cancer screening comparing no screening, immunochemical and guaiac fecal occult blood tests: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: van Rossum Leo G.M. , van Rijn Anne F. , Verbeek Andre L.M. , van Oijen Martijn G.H. , Laheij Robert J.F. , Fockens Paul , Jansen Jan B.M.J. , Adang Eddy M.M. , Dekker Evelien
Published: June 2010

Comparability of cost‐effectiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening strategies is limited if heterogeneous study data are combined. We analyzed prospective empirical data from a randomized‐controlled trial to compare cost‐effectiveness of screening with either one round of immunochemical fecal occult blood testing (I‐FOBT; OC‐Sensor®), one round of guaiac FOBT (G‐FOBT; Hemoccult‐II®) or no screening in Dutch aged 50 to 75 years, completed with cancer registry and literature data, from a third‐party payer perspective in a Markov model with first‐ and second‐order Monte Carlo simulation. Costs were measured in Euros (€), effects in life‐years gained, and both were discounted with 3%. Uncertainty surrounding important parameters was analyzed. I‐FOBT dominated the alternatives: after one round of I‐FOBT screening, a hypothetical person would on average gain 0.003 life‐years and save the health care system €27 compared with G‐FOBT and 0.003 life years and €72 compared with no screening. Overall, in 4,460,265 Dutch aged 50–75 years, after one round I‐FOBT screening, 13,400 life‐years and €320 million would have been saved compared with no screening. I‐FOBT also dominated in sensitivity analyses, varying uncertainty surrounding important effect and cost parameters. CRC screening with I‐FOBT dominated G‐FOBT and no screening with or without accounting for uncertainty.
Specification and testing of models estimated by quadrature
Authors: Dhaene Geert , Santos Silva J. M. C.
Published: June 2010

This paper proposes a test to check the specification of models with unobserved individual effects integrated out by quadrature and also a simple way of increasing the flexibility of this type of model. The results of a Monte Carlo study and an application using a well‐known dataset illustrate the finite sample properties of the proposed methods and their implementation in practice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AT‐101 (R‐(−)‐gossypol acetic acid) enhances the effectiveness of androgen deprivation therapy in the VCaP prostate cancer model
Authors: McGregor Natalie , Patel Lalit , Craig Matthew , Weidner Savannah , Wang Shaomeng , Pienta Kenneth J.
Published: June 2010

Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death in American men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the most common treatment for advanced prostate cancer patients; however, ADT fails in nearly all cases resulting in castration resistant or androgen‐insensitive (AI) disease. In many cases, this progression results from dysregulation of the pro‐survival Bcl‐2 family proteins. Inhibition of pro‐survival Bcl‐2 family proteins, therefore, may be an effective strategy to delay the onset of AI disease. Gossypol, a small molecule inhibitor of pro‐survival Bcl‐2 family proteins, has been demonstrated to inhibit AI prostate cancer growth. The apoptotic effect of gossypol, however, has been demonstrated to be attenuated by the presence of androgen in a prostate cancer xenograft mouse model (Vertebral Cancer of Prostate [VCaP]) treated with AT‐101 (R‐(−)‐gossypol acetic acid). This study was undertaken to better understand the in vitro effects of androgen receptor (AR) on AT‐101‐induced apoptosis. VCaP cells treated with AT‐101 demonstrated an increase in apoptosis and downregulation of Bcl‐2 pro‐survival proteins. Upon AR activation in combination with AT‐101 treatment, apoptosis is reduced, cell survival increases, and caspase activation is attenuated. Akt and X inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) are downregulated in the presence of AT‐101, and AR stimulation rescues protein expression. Combination treatment of bicalutamide and AT‐101 increases apoptosis by reducing the expression of these pro‐survival proteins. These data suggest that combination therapy of AT‐101 and ADT may further delay the onset of AI disease, resulting in prolonged progression‐free survival of prostate cancer patients. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1187–1194, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SREBP‐1c, Pdx‐1, and GLP‐1R involved in palmitate–EPA regulated glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in INS‐1 cells
Authors: Shao Shiying , Liu Zhelong , Yang Yan , Zhang Muxun , Yu Xuefeng
Published: June 2010

Impairment of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) caused by glucolipotoxicity is an essential feature in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Palmitate and eicosapentaenoate (EPA), because of their lipotoxicity and protection effect, were found to impair or restore the GSIS in beta cells. Furthermore, palmitate was found to up‐regulate the expression level of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP)‐1c and down‐regulate the levels of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox (Pdx)‐1 and glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) in INS‐1 cells. To investigate the underlying mechanism, the lentiviral system was used to knock‐down or over‐express SREBP‐1c and Pdx‐1, respectively. It was found that palmitate failed to suppress the expression of Pdx‐1 and GLP‐1R in SREBP‐1c‐deficient INS‐1 cells. Moreover, down‐regulation of Pdx‐1 could cause the low expression of GLP‐1R with/without palmitate treatment. Additionally, either SREBP‐1c down‐regulation or Pdx‐1 over‐expression could partially alleviate palmitate‐induced GSIS impairment. These results suggested that sequent SREBP‐1c‐Pdx‐1‐GLP‐1R signal pathway was involved in the palmitate‐caused GSIS impairment in beta cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 634–642, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sumoylation modulates a domain in CTCF that activates transcription and decondenses chromatin
Authors: Kitchen Neal S. , Schoenherr Christopher J.
Published: June 2010

CTCF is a multipurpose transcription factor with activation, repression, and insulator activity. It also participates in regulating chromatin architecture by maintaining open chromatin and mediating long‐range chromosomal interactions. Participation by CTCF in such diverse processes suggests that it has multiple functional domains that regulate transcription and modify chromatin structure. Using transient and integrated reporters, we identified a 107‐amino‐acid domain in CTCF's N‐terminal region that is capable of transcriptional activation and chromatin decondensation. This domain demonstrated moderate transactivation when targeted to a promoter proximal position but showed little activity from more distal positions and on a natural promoter. By contrast, the activation domain dramatically decondensed the compact chromatin structure of a large transgene array, in a manner similar to the potent activation domain in VP16. In addition, the activation domain is subject to conjugation by SUMO, which reduced its transcriptional and chromatin opening activity. Moreover, mimicking full sumoylation by fusing Sumo‐1 or ‐3 to the activation domain eliminated its transcriptional activity, but only Sumo‐3 fusion prevented chromatin opening. We suggest that the activation domain's limited transactivation, but strong chromatin decondensation allows CTCF to establish and maintain open chromatin without necessarily activating transcription. Sumoylation may contribute to CTCF's enhancer blocking or repression functions by reducing transactivation and chromatin opening. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 665–675, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
E6AP ubiquitin ligase mediates ubiquitin‐dependent degradation of peroxiredoxin 1
Authors: Nasu Junichi , Murakami Kyoko , Miyagawa Shoji , Yamashita Ryosuke , Ichimura Tohru , Wakita Takaji , Hotta Hak , Miyamura Tatsuo , Suzuki Tetsuro , Satoh Tazuko , Shoji Ikuo
Published: June 2010

E6‐associated protein (E6AP) is a cellular ubiquitin protein ligase that mediates ubiquitylation and degradation of tumor suppressor p53 in conjunction with the high‐risk human papillomavirus E6 protein. We previously reported that E6AP targets annexin A1 protein for ubiquitin‐dependent proteasomal degradation. To gain a better understanding of the physiological function of E6AP, we have been seeking to identify novel substrates of E6AP. Here, we identified peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) as a novel E6AP‐binding protein using a tandem affinity purification procedure coupled with mass spectrometry. Prx1 is a 25‐kDa member of the Prx family, a ubiquitous family of antioxidant peroxidases that regulate many cellular processes through intracellular oxidative signal transduction pathways. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that E6AP binds Prx1 in vivo. Pull‐down experiments showed that E6AP binds Prx1 in vitro. Ectopic expression of E6AP enhanced the degradation of Prx1 in vivo. In vivo and in vitro ubiquitylation assays revealed that E6AP promoted polyubiquitylation of Prx1. RNAi‐mediated downregulation of endogenous E6AP increased the level of endogenous Prx1 protein. Taken together, our data suggest that E6AP mediates the ubiquitin‐dependent proteasomal degradation of Prx1. Our findings raise a possibility that E6AP may play a role in regulating Prx1‐dependent intracellular oxidative signal transduction pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 676–685, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proliferation and differentiation of human adipocyte precursor cells: Differences between the preperitoneal and subcutaneous compartments
Authors: Fernández M. , Acuña M.J. , Reyes M. , Olivares D. , Hirsch S. , Bunout D. , de la Maza M.P.
Published: June 2010

Human adipocyte precursor cells (APC) have been characterized in their proliferation and differentiation potential from subcutaneous, omental, and mesenteric depots, mostly from morbidly obese patients. Cells from the preperitoneal adipose compartment have not been characterized yet, least of all when obtained from normal weight subjects. The aim was to compare proliferation and differentiation of subcutaneous (SC) and preperitoneal (PP) APC derived from adipose tissue in healthy subjects with different body mass. SC and PP adipose tissue was obtained during surgery of inguinal hernias in five healthy non‐obese subjects and three obese otherwise healthy men. APC, obtained by collagenase digestion, were cultured. Proliferation was assayed by cell counting and differentiation by oil red O staining and flow cytometry using Nile Red staining. Proliferation of SC was higher than PP APC. Such differences between both compartments were even higher in APC obtained from obese patients. Conversely PP APC differentiated earlier in vitro compared with SC cells. These results agree with published data on fat cell proliferation. However regarding differentiation, our data show that APC from deeper depots (in this case PP) differentiate earlier than subcutaneous APC. This is different to previous studies performed in mesenteric or omental adipose tissue. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 659–664, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated expression of TMEM205, a hypothetical membrane protein, is associated with cisplatin resistance
Authors: Shen Ding‐Wu , Ma Jichun , Okabe Mitsunori , Zhang Guofeng , Xia Di , Gottesman Michael M.
Published: June 2010

Development of cisplatin resistance in cancer cells appears to be a consequence of multiple epigenetic alterations in genes involved in DNA damage repair, proto‐oncogenes, apoptosis, transporters, transcription factors, etc. In this study, we found that expression of the hypothetical transmembrane protein TMEM205 (previously known as MBC3205) is associated with cisplatin resistance. TMEM205 was first detected by functional cloning from a retroviral cDNA library made from human cisplatin‐resistant (CP‐r) cells. TMEM205 is predicted to be a transmembrane protein, but its expression, localization, and function have not previously been investigated. A polyclonal antibody directed to the TMEM205 protein was raised in our laboratory. Using this antibody, it was demonstrated that this protein is located at the cell surface. Its expression is increased in our cisplatin‐selected CP‐r cell lines, as demonstrated by immunoblotting, confocal examination, and immuno‐electron microscopy. Stable transfection of the TMEM205 gene confers resistance to cisplatin by approximately 2.5‐fold. Uptake assays with Alexa Fluor‐cisplatin showed reduced accumulation in CP‐r KB‐CP.3 and KB‐CP.5 cells, and in TMEM205‐transfected cells. Analysis of TMEM205 expression profiles in normal human tissues indicates a differential expression pattern with higher expression levels in the liver, pancreas, and adrenal glands. These results indicate that a novel mechanism for cisplatin resistance is mediated by TMEM205, and also suggest that overexpression of TMEM205 in CP‐r cells may be valuable as a biomarker or target in cancer chemotherapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 822–828, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and studies on cellulose acetate—phenol formaldehyde cationic resin
Authors: Zidan F. , Metwally M. S. , Abd El‐Zahir M.
Published: June 2010

Samples of a cationic sulphonated resin have been prepared by sulphonation of a mixture of phenol with cellulose acetate in the presence of paraformaldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The samples having average swelling percentage of 123, and a cation exchange capacity of 2.6 meq g−1 resin, are being introduced as a new catalyst in the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate ester. The synthesized cation exchanger shows a good thermal and chemical stability. Hydrolysis rate constants (kr values) for the catalysed reaction have been determined. The calculated values of the Arrhenius activation parameters show the overall slowness of the hydrolysis reaction accompanying the formation of the rigid activated complex.
Intrauterine diagnosis and management of fetal goiter: A case report
Authors: Koyuncu Faik Mumtaz , Tamay Aslı Goker , Bugday Sultan
Published: June 2010

Fetal goiter can be the result of maternal hyperthyroidism treated with antithyroid drugs. Polyhydramnios may be the presenting symptom and can be diagnosed prenatally by sonography. We report a case of fetal goiter diagnosed at 30 weeks of gestation and fetal hypothyroidism confirmed by cordocentesis. Intra‐amniotic levothyroxine was administered. Onset of preterm labor could not be prevented. The risks and benefits of intrauterine treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 38:503–505, 2010
Modeling of congenital erythropoietic porphyria by RNA interference: a new tool for preclinical gene therapy evaluation
Authors: Robert‐Richard Elodie , Lalanne Magalie , Lamrissi‐Garcia Isabelle , Guyonnet‐Duperat Véronique , Richard Emmanuel , Pitard Vincent , Mazurier Fréderic , Moreau‐Gaudry François , Ged Cécile , de Verneuil Hubert
Published: June 2010

Background

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a deficiency in uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS), the fourth enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway. We recently demonstrated the definitive cure of a murine model of CEP by lentiviral vector‐mediated hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy. In the perspective of a gene therapy clinical trial, human cellular models are required to evaluate the therapeutic potential of lentiviral vectors in UROS‐deficient cells. However, the rare incidence of the disease makes difficult the availability of HSCs derived from patients.

Methods

RNA interference (RNAi) has been used to develop a new human model of the disease from normal cord blood HSCs. Lentivectors were developed for this purpose.

Results

We were able to down‐regulate the level of human UROS in human cell lines and primary hematopoietic cells. A 97% reduction of UROS activity led to spontaneous uroporphyrin accumulation in human erythroid bone marrow cells of transplanted immune‐deficient mice, recapitulating the phenotype of cells derived from patients. A strong RNAi‐induced UROS inhibition allowed us to test the efficiency of different lentiviral vectors with the aim of selecting a safer vector. Restoration of UROS activity in these small hairpin RNA‐transduced CD34+ cord blood cells by therapeutic lentivectors led to a partial correction of the phenotype in vivo.

Conclusions

The RNAi strategy is an interesting new tool for preclinical gene therapy evaluation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empowerment through ICT education, access and use: A gender analysis of Muslim youth in India
Authors: Khan Farida , Ghadially Rehana
Published: June 2010

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) developing countries can bridge socio‐economic divides and empower the marginalised, including women and minority groups. This paper considers four dimensions of empowerment—psychological, social, educational and economic—and assesses benefits to each following computer education and usage of computer and Internet technology. Data were collected from 155 young Muslim women and men studying in three computer training centres in Mumbai, and a gender‐based comparison was conducted. Figures for computer ownership and home Internet connection were low for the entire sample, and the training centres and cybercafes were important points of access for females and males, respectively. In terms of perceived empowerment, young women reported higher gains than men from computer learning when combined with ICT use. Thus, despite the existence of a gender‐based digital divide, when bridged, ICTs showed potential as an equalising force between the genders. In light of the above, policy measures to widen access and provide subsidised training are suggested. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of abdominal solid organ and major vessel: Comparison of enhancement effect between Gd‐EOB‐DTPA and Gd‐DTPA
Authors: Tamada Tsutomu , Ito Katsuyoshi , Sone Teruki , Yamamoto Akira , Yoshida Koji , Kakuba Koki , Tanimoto Daigo , Higashi Hiroki , Yamashita Takenori
Published: June 2010

Purpose

To evaluate the differences in enhancement of the abdominal solid organ and the major vessel on dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) obtained with gadolinium ethoxybenzyldiethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA: EOB) and gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) in the same patients.

Materials and Methods

A total of 13 healthy volunteers underwent repeat assessments of abdominal MR examinations with DCE‐MRI using either Gd‐DTPA at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg body weight or EOB at a dose of 0.025 mmol/kg body weight. DCE images were obtained at precontrast injection and in the arterial phase (AP: 25 seconds), portal phase (PP: 70 seconds), and equilibrium phase (EP: 3 minutes). The signal intensities (SIs) of liver at AP, PP, and EP; the SIs of spleen, renal cortex, renal medulla, pancreas, adrenal gland, aorta at AP; and the SIs of portal vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) at PP were defined using region‐of‐interest measurements, and were used for calculation of signal intensity ratio (SIR).

Results

The mean SIRs of liver (0.195 ± 0.140), spleen (1.35 ± 0.353), renal cortex (1.58 ± 0.517), renal medulla (0.548 ± 0.259), pancreas (0.540 ± 0.183), adrenal gland (1.04 ± 0.405), and aorta (2.44 ± 0.648) at AP as well as the mean SIRs of portal vein (1.85 ± 0.477) and IVC (1.16 ± 0.187) at PP in the EOB images were significantly lower than those (0.337 ± 0.200, 1.99 ± 0.443, 2.01 ± 0.474, 0.742 ± 0.336, 0.771 ± 0.227, 1.26 ± 0.442, 3.22 ± 1.20, 2.73 ± 0.429, and 1.68 ± 0.366, respectively) in the Gd‐DTPA images (P < 0.05 each). There was no significant difference in mean SIR of liver at PP between EOB (0.529 ± 0.124) and Gd‐DTPA (0.564 ± 0.139). Conversely, the mean SIR of liver at EP was significantly higher with EOB (0.576 ± 0.167) than with Gd‐DTPA (0.396 ± 0.093) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Lower arterial vascular and parenchymal enhancement with Gd‐EOB, as compared with Gd‐DTPA, may require reassessment of its dose, despite the higher late venous phase liver parenchymal enhancement. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:636–640. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Incivility, social undermining, bullying…oh my!”: A call to reconcile constructs within workplace aggression research
Authors: Hershcovis M. Sandy
Published: June 2010

Research in the field of workplace aggression has rapidly developed in the last two decades, and with this growth has come an abundance of overlapping constructs that fall under the broad rubric of workplace aggression. While researchers have conceptually distinguished these constructs, it is unclear whether this proliferation of constructs is adding appreciably to our knowledge, or whether it is constraining the questions we ask. In this paper, I consider five example constructs (i.e., abusive supervision, bullying, incivility, social undermining, and interpersonal conflict) and argue that the manner in which we have differentiated these (and other) aggression constructs does not add appreciably to our knowledge of workplace aggression. I then provide supplementary meta‐analytic evidence to show that there is not a predictable pattern of outcomes from these constructs, and propose a restructuring of the manner in which we conceptualize workplace aggression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells by optimized exogenous Bcl‐2 overexpression
Authors: Sudo Hideki , Minami Akio
Published: June 2010

Although the etiology of intervertebral disc degeneration is poorly understood, one possible approach to regulate the process of intervertebral disc degeneration may include the inhibition of apoptosis. We investigated the anti‐apoptotic effects of bcl‐2 in nucleus pulposus cells to enhance disc cell survival. Rat nucleus pulposus cells were transfected in vitro with a codon optimized rat bcl‐2 gene. Forty‐eight hours after transfection, cells were cultured in serum‐deprived medium. After serum withdrawal, the cells were evaluated for bcl‐2 protein levels and cell apoptosis. To investigate the effects of bcl‐2 overexpression on the final apoptotic pathways and on basic genes important for nucleus pulposus homeostasis, mRNA levels of caspase‐3, type II collagen, and aggrecan were also quantified. Nucleus pulposus cells were successfully transfected with codon optimized bcl‐2 gene, which effectively reduced serum starvation‐induced cell apoptosis. Overexpression of bcl‐2 also reduced the mRNA expression level of caspase‐3. mRNA levels of type II collagen and aggrecan were significantly higher in bcl‐2 transfected groups compared to control plasmid vector groups after serum withdrawal. We firstly showed that bcl‐2 overexpression in intervertebral disc cells was effective in preventing in vitro apoptotic cell death, indicating the potential advantages of this therapeutic approach in regulating disc degeneration. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1608–1613, 2010
Role of mechanical loading in healing of massive bone autografts
Authors: Tate Melissa L. Knothe , Dolejs Scott , Miller R. Matthew , Knothe Ulf R.
Published: June 2010

We assessed healing of a 3.5 cm autograft transport segment, denuded of periosteum, and docked to the healthy distal femur with an intramedullary nail. We hypothesized that healing relates to proximity to the healthy distal femur and to mechanical loading patterns. Total bone area, area of new bone apposition, and quality of new bone formed in the 2 weeks after surgery, and area and degree of perfusion 16 weeks after surgery were measured as a function of proximity and loading patterns (as defined by the major and minor centroidal axes, CA). At 16 weeks, no significant differences in early bone apposition or perfusion were observed as a function of distance from the healthy distal femur. Qualitatively, bone was well perfused, both vascularly and pericellularly, and highly remodeled. When cross‐sections were pooled from distal to proximal through the docking zone and normalized for total bone area, significant differences in the amount of early proliferative woven bone were related to loading patterns. In contrast, no differences in normalized perfusion area were attributable to loading patterns. Furthermore, early bone apposition and perfusion decreased with increasing radial distance from the bone surface toward the intramedullary nail. Finally, no differences were observed in areas of resorption within the docking zone compared to baseline levels measured in the control (in bone removed to create the defect zone at the time of surgery). Interestingly, infilling of resorption spaces within docking zone specimens related significantly to predominant loading patterns, where areas within the major CA exhibited significantly more infilling. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1657–1664, 2010