bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Jet Vortex Generators on Shock Wave Induced Separation on Gas Turbine Profile
Authors: Flaszynski Pawel , Doerffer Piotr , Piotrowicz Michal
Published: June 2021

The interaction between a shock wave and a boundary layer on a suction side of gas turbine profile, namely Transition Location Effect on Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interaction, was one of main objectives of TFAST project. A generic test section in a transonic wind tunnel was designed to carry out such investigations. The design criteria were to reproduce flow conditions on the profile in wind tunnel as the one existing on the suction side of the turbine guide vane. In this paper, the effect of film cooling and jet vortex generators on the shock wave boundary layer interaction and shock induced separation is presented. Numerical results for Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model with transition modeling are compared with experimental data.
Single Polymer Composites Made of Melt-blown PP Mats and the Modelling of the Uniaxial Tensile Behaviour by the Fibre Bundle Cells Method
Authors: Virág Ábris Dávid , Kara Yahya , Vas László Mihály , Molnár Kolos
Published: June 2021

In this study, we generated polypropylene fibre mats via melt blowing (average diameter: 1.03 µm), and then produced self-reinforced composites using hot compaction and investigated the effect of the processing temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that our composites had good consolidation, low void content and besides, the fibres and the matrix were clearly distinguishable. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests showed that the composites are easy to recycle by re-melting. The tensile tests of the melt-blown nonwovens and the produced composites revealed that increasing the temperature of hot compaction results in embrittlement (from ductile to brittle) of the samples, which means higher specific tensile forces and smaller deformations. Using the Fibre Bundle Cells modelling method, we developed a phenomenological, analytical model to describe the total tensile curve (both the deformation and the failure behaviour) and analyse the tensile properties of these hot compacted composites. The determination coefficients (R2) between the modelled and measured force were larger than 0.99 and the relative mean squared error (RMSE) values (related to the measured maximum force value) were smaller than 3 % in every examined case, which indicated good modelling. Hence, the FBC model not only described the tensile behaviour of the nonwovens well, but it was also applicable for the composites.
Correction to: Darwin’s perception of nature and the question of disenchantment: a semantic analysis across the six editions of On the Origin of Species
Authors: Jiménez-Pazos Bárbara
Published: June 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-021-00437-z
Red Vienna, White Socialism, and the Blues
Authors: McFarland Rob
Published: June 2021

After the First World War, Vienna was overrun by jazz, Hollywood movies, and Fordism; its citizens were both fascinated and appalled by the waves of American ideas and products. To make sense of the American phenomenon, readers turned to Ann Tizia Leitich, the New York-based correspondent for Vienna's prominent daily Neue Freie Presse and other newspapers. Rob McFarland tells the story of Leitich's escape, occasioned by a personal crisis, from Austria to America in 1921, and of her rise as a journalist, cultural historian, and novelist. By the early 1930s, she had met President Coolidge, Senator Sol Bloom, the writer Upton Sinclair, and the critic H. L. Mencken. Her devoted readers - including the novelist Stefan Zweig and the Austrian chancellor Ignatz Seipl - sought in her witty,insightful descriptions of the United States some American vitality to invigorate their own moribund culture and economy. Chronicling Leitich's career as a journalist, cultural historian, and novelist and providing close readings of her writings about America, this book reveals her as an important cultural mediator between Austria and America. Rob McFarland is Associate Professor of German at Brigham Young University.
Reasoning against Madness
Authors: Meyer Manuella
Published: June 2021

Examines the emergence of Brazilian psychiatry during a period of national regeneration, demonstrating how sociopolitical negotiations can shape psychiatric professionalization.
Socrates and Divine Revelation
Authors: Fallis Lewis
Published: June 2021

An account of Socrates' encounter with divine revelation.
An Analysis of Leptospirosis Control in a Flood-Affected Region of Kerala and the Role of Accredited Social Health Activists – A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Sreelakshmi M.K. , Kuruvilla Suneesh , Subramaniam Ramanarayanan , Latti Pooja , Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan
Published: June 2021

Background:

Chengannur, a town in the south Indian state of Kerala, was 1 of the worst affected towns during the floods of 2018. Post-flood, Kerala state was under the threat of many infectious diseases including leptospirosis, but did not report any leptospirosis infections.

Objectives:

This study was conducted with the following objectives: (1) Assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the prevention of leptospirosis among the flood affected population and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) of Chengannur; and (2) Analyze the factors responsible for and contributing to leptospirosis control in the area post flood.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional questionnaire based observational study was conducted among 2 groups: the flood affected population, and ASHA. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts. Part A contained the socio-demographic information. Part B contained questions on assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding the prevention, and control of leptospirosis. Part C was only for the ASHA involved.

Results:

The final sample size was 331 (244 from the general population and 87 ASHAs). With respect to knowledge, attitude, and practice, the responses were dichotomized into correct and wrong responses. The mean knowledge score was 9.01 ± 1.08 (maximum score of 10), mean attitude score was of 3.61 ± 0.55 (maximum score of 4) and the mean practice score was 4.12 ± 1.05 (maximum score of 5).

Conclusion:

Knowledge and attitude scores did not significantly differ between the general population and ASHA, but the practice score showed a higher score among the ASHA, all of which could have probably contributed to the prevention of a leptospirosis outbreak in the region.
Plant naturalization trends reflect socioeconomic history and show a high likelihood of inter-island spread in Hawai‘i
Authors: Brock Kelsey C. , Daehler Curtis C.
Published: June 2021

The composition of nonnative floras is influenced by a region’s socioeconomic history, yet rarely are these factors studied alongside plant naturalization rates over time. Such information is especially critical for archipelagos, which often host large numbers of nonnative plants and would benefit from prevention of inter-island spread. We compiled the first record of occurrence and first record of naturalization for all naturalized plants in Hawai‘i alongside data on their origin, native climate types, taxonomy, and likely introduction pathway and compared rates of naturalization with socioeconomic trends. We found that the rate of total plant naturalizations has increased at a roughly constant rate during the past century without any sign of plateauing. However, this relatively steady increase is underlain by notable fluctuations in naturalization rates for different introduction pathways, with ornamentals increasing recently, while agriculture-related plants have decreased. Furthermore, this trend mirrors a shift from an agriculture-dominated economy to a tourism-based one associated with increases in both resident and tourist populations as well as general economic well-being. We further found that the average naturalized species spreads at a rate of 1.86 islands per decade, eventually occupying most major islands in the archipelago, and the rate of spread appears to be increasing since Hawai‘i’s economic shift. Our findings also emphasize the diversity of Hawai‘i’s nonnative flora, which originates from a variety of climates, continents, and taxonomic groups. We demonstrated that many nonnative species have native ranges that include temperate climates, which is important, because these climates typically co-occur with higher-elevation, remnant patches of native-dominated ecosystems in Hawai‘i. This study reveals trends that may help predict a species’ ability to naturalize and spread within and between islands, and we discuss management implications that may be extended to other regions.
On class 2 quotients of linear groups
Authors: Yang Yong
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we study the relation of the size of the class two quotients of a linear group and the size of the vector space. We answer a question raised in Keller and Yang [Class 2 quotients of solvable linear groups, J. Algebra 509 (2018), 386-396].
Economic Risk within the Household and Voting for the Radical Right
Authors: Abou-Chadi Tarik , Kurer Thomas
Published: June 2021

This article investigates how unemployment risk within households affects voting for the radical right. The authors contribute to recent advances in the literature that have highlighted the role of economic threat for understanding the support of radical-right parties. In contrast to existing work, the authors do not treat voters as atomistic individuals; they instead investigate households as a crucial site of preference formation. Combining largescale labor market data with comparative survey data, they confirm the expectations of their theoretical framework by demonstrating that the effect of occupational unemployment risk on radical-right support is strongly conditioned by household-risk constellations. Voting for the radical right is a function not only of a voter’s own risk, but also of his or her partner’s risk. The article provides additional evidence on the extent to which these effects are gendered and on the mechanisms that link household risk and party choice. The results imply that much of the existing literature on individual risk exposure potentially underestimates its effect on political behavior due to the neglect of multiplier effects within households.
‘Ey, wait, wait, gully!’ Style, stance and the social meaning of attention signals in East London adolescent speech
Authors: ILBURY CHRISTIAN
Published: June 2021

Recent accounts of discourse-pragmatic (DP) variation have demonstrated that these features can acquire social indexical meaning. However, in comparison to other linguistic variables, DP features remain underexplored and third-wave perspectives on the topic are limited. In this article, I analyse the distribution, function and social meaning of the ‘attention signals’ – those features which fulfil the explicit function of eliciting the attention of an individual – in just over 35 hours of self-recordings of 25 adolescents collected during a year-long sociolinguistic ethnography of an East London youth group. This leads me to identify an innovative attention signal – ey. Distributional analyses of this feature show that ey is associated with a particular Community of Practice, the self-defined and exclusively male ‘gully’. By examining the discourse junctures at which ey occurs, I argue that this attention signal is most frequently used by speakers to deploy a ‘dominant’ stance. For gully members, this feature is particularly useful as an interpersonal device, where it is used to manage ingroup/outgroup boundaries. Concluding, I link the use of ey and the gully identity to language, ethnicity and masculinity in East London.
A Dynamical Model of Equatorial Magnetosonic Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Boynton R. J. , Walker S. N. , Aryan H. , Hobara Y. , Balikhin M. A.
Published: June 2021

Equatorial magnetosonic waves (EMS), together with chorus and plasmaspheric hiss, play key roles in the dynamics of energetic electron fluxes in the magnetosphere. Numerical models, developed following a first principles approach, that are used to study the evolution of high energy electron fluxes are mainly based on quasilinear diffusion. The application of such numerical codes requires statistical models for the distribution of key magnetospheric wave modes to estimate the appropriate diffusion coefficients. These waves are generally statistically modeled as a function of spatial location and geomagnetic indices (e.g., AE, Kp, or Dst). This study presents a novel dynamic spatiotemporal model for EMS wave amplitude, developed using the Nonlinear AutoRegressive Moving Average eXogenous machine learning approach. The EMS wave amplitude, measured by the Van Allen Probes, are modeled using the time lags of the solar wind and geomagnetic indices as inputs as well as the location at which the measurement is made. The resulting model performance is assessed on a separate Van Allen Probes data set, where the prediction efficiency was found to be 34.0% and the correlation coefficient was 56.9%. With more training and validation data the performance metrics could potentially be improved, however, it is also possible that the EMS wave distribution is affected by stochastic factors and the performance metrics obtained for this model are close to the potential maximum.
Geodetic Observations of Shallow Creep on the Laohushan‐Haiyuan Fault, Northeastern Tibet
Authors: Li Yanchuan , Nocquet Jean‐Mathieu , Shan Xinjian , Song Xiaogang
Published: June 2021

We investigated the spatial distribution of aseismic creep on the Laohushan‐Haiyuan fault using Global Positioning System (GPS) data (1999–2017) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data (2003–2010). Comparisons among GPS, InSAR line‐of‐sight (LOS) rates, and leveling show that neither leveling nor GPS vertical velocities can fit the vertical signal mapped into the LOS, implying either complicated vertical crustal deformation in northeastern Tibet and/or complex error structures in the InSAR data. Thus, we combined horizontal GPS with high‐pass filtered InSAR data to produce a continuous LOS rate map crossing the fault. Our geodetic data reveal three creep sections along the fault. Both the restored LOS data and decomposed ascending and descending InSAR data highlight the fact that vertical motion can cause an overestimation of creep rate; we obtained a refined creep rate of 2.5 ± 0.4 mm/a on the Laohushan fault. We further identified a 10 km‐long, ∼3–5 mm/a creep section (∼104.2°E−104.3°E) and a 43 km‐long, ∼1–3 mm/a creep section (∼105.3°E−105.7°E) on the western and eastern Haiyuan fault respectively. Both are located on fault sections that ruptured during the 1920 M∼8 earthquake, suggesting that the 1920 earthquake was able to cross pre‐existing creep sections or that the fault shows heterogeneous relocking after large earthquakes, with creep lasting decades on some parts of the rupture. Fault coupling shows a highly variable rate of slip deficit accumulation along strike, suggesting that coupling might significantly evolve during the period between two large earthquakes.
Sensitivity of Grass Fires Burning in Marginal Conditions to Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Jonko Alexandra K. , Yedinak Kara M. , Conley Juliana L. , Linn Rodman R.
Published: June 2021

Atmospheric forcing and interactions between the fire and atmosphere are primary drivers of wildland fire behavior. The atmosphere is known to be a chaotic system that, although deterministic, is very sensitive to small perturbations to initial conditions. We assume that as a result of the tight coupling between fire and atmosphere; wildland fire behavior, in turn, should also be sensitive to perturbations in atmospheric initial conditions. Observations suggest that low intensity prescribed fire, in particular, is susceptible to small perturbations in the wind field, which can significantly alter fire spread. Here, we employ a computational fluid dynamics model of coupled fire‐atmosphere interactions to answer the question: How sensitive is fire behavior to small variations in atmospheric turbulence? We perform ensemble simulations of fires in homogenous grass fuels. The only difference between ensemble members is the state of the turbulent atmosphere provided to the model throughout the simulation. The atmospheric state is a function of the initial conditions applied at the start of the simulation and boundary conditions applied throughout the simulation. We find a wide range of outcomes, with area burned ranging from 2,212 to 11,236 m2 (>400% change), driven primarily by sensitivity to initial conditions, with nonnegligible contributions from boundary condition variability during the initial 30 s of simulation. Our results highlight the need for ensemble simulations, especially when considering fire behavior in marginal burning conditions.
Global‐Scale Consistency of Spaceborne Vegetation Indices, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Photosynthesis
Authors: Doughty Russell , Xiao Xiangming , Köhler Philipp , Frankenberg Christian , Qin Yuanwei , Wu Xiaocui , Ma Shuang , Moore Berrien
Published: June 2021

The new TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) data provides new opportunities to corroborate and improve global photosynthesis estimates. Here we report the spatiotemporal consistency between TROPOMI SIF and vegetation indices from the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) adjusted (MCD43) and standard MODIS (MOD09) surface reflectance products, estimates of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation by chlorophyll (APARchl) derived from National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis‐2 (NCEP2), MODIS MCD18, and European Reanalysis (ERA5) data, and two GPP products (GPPVPM and GPPMOD17). We find (a) non‐adjusted VIs were more highly correlated with SIF at mid and high latitude than BRDF‐adjusted VIs, but were less correlated in the tropics, (b) negligible differences in the correlation between SIF and non‐adjusted NIRv and EVI, but BRDF‐adjusted NIRv had higher correlations with SIF at mid to high latitude than BRDF‐adjusted EVI but lower correlations in the tropics, (c) choice of PAR data set likely to cause substantial differences in global and regional GPP estimates and the correlation between modeled GPP and SIF, (d) SIF was more highly correlated with APARchl at high to mid latitude than EVI but more highly correlated with EVI at lower latitudes, and (e) GPPVPM is more highly correlated with SIF than GPPMOD17, except in sub‐Sahara Africa. Our results highlight that spaceborne photosynthesis would likely be improved by using a non‐linear response to PAR and that the fundamental differences between the vegetation indices and PAR data sets are likely to yield important differences in global and regional estimates of photosynthesis.
Distributional Statistics of Municipal Water Use During Cape Town's Drought: Implications for Affordability, Conservation, and Tariffs
Authors: Cook Joseph , Brühl Johanna , Visser Martine
Published: June 2021

We calculate the first distributional statistics for municipal water use with 14.9 million monthly billing records for a half million households in Cape Town, South Africa, from 2014 to 2018. These years span a historic drought and a multi‐faceted package of conservation programs that achieved a 50% citywide drop in consumption. We find that the top 10% of households consumed 31% of water before the drought, with the Gini coefficient showing clear seasonal peaks driven by outdoor water use. Matching billing records to fine‐grained census data from 2011, we find that the correlation between income and water use in the winter was 0.08 but rose to 0.36 during outdoor watering seasons. This correlation declines before switching signs by the end of the drought. The city's increasing block tariff implied that the top 10% of users generate 50%–60% of utility revenues. Although before the drought these top users were more likely to be high income, the composition of top water users changed during the drought. Average income of top users during the drought was 35% lower than the average income of top users before the drought. Our results suggest that Cape Town's policy of providing a free allowance of 10.5 kL (m3) per month to qualify indigent households helped protect many, but not all, from multiple steep tariff increases.
Pluto in Glory: Discovery of Its Huge Opposition Surge
Authors: Buratti B. J. , Hicks M. D. , Kramer E. , Bauer J. , Ciardi D. R. , Lund M. B. , Lawrence K. J.
Published: June 2021

Near‐infrared observations of the Pluto Charon system were captured with the Palomar High Angular Resolution Observer (PHARO) adaptive optics (AO) system on the 200‐inch Hale telescope during the historically small solar phase angles in 2018–2019. Both objects exhibit large opposition surges of ∼30%–35% in the last half degree of solar phase angle, which is among the largest observed for icy moons and other Kuiper Belt Objects. In addition, Pluto's surge is exceptionally steep. Pluto's unusual phase curve may be due to an unusual surface texture caused by seasonal volatile transport and active geologic processes. These observations enable accurate determination of Pluto's geometric albedo in the JHK filter system, which we find to be 0.86 ± 0.04, 0.59 ± 0.05, and 0.39 ± 0.04 for Pluto, respectively, and 0.68 ± 0.06 for Charon in the J filter.
Unusual Quasi 10‐Day Planetary Wave Activity and the Ionospheric Response During the 2019 Southern Hemisphere Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Wang J. C. , Palo S. E. , Forbes J. M. , Marino J. , Moffat‐Griffin T. , Mitchell N. J.
Published: June 2021

An unusual sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event occurred in the Southern Hemisphere in September 2019. Ground‐based and satellite observations show the presence of transient eastward‐ and westward‐propagating quasi‐10 day planetary waves (Q10DWs) during the SSW. The planetary wave activity maximizes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region approximately 10 days after the SSW onset. Analysis indicates that the westward‐propagating Q10DW with zonal wave number s = 1 is mainly symmetric about the equator, which is contrary to theory which predicts the presence of an antisymmetric normal mode for such planetary wave. Observations from microwave limb sounder and sounding of the atmosphere using broadband emission radiometry are combined with meteor radar wind measurements from Antarctica, providing a comprehensive view of Q10DW wave activity in the Southern Hemisphere during this SSW. Analysis suggests that the Q10DWs of various wavenumbers are potentially excited from nonlinear wave‐wave interactions that also involve stationary planetary waves with s = 1 and s = 2. The Q10DWs are also found to couple the ionosphere with the neutral atmosphere. The timing of the quasi‐10‐day oscillations (Q10DOs) in the ionosphere are contemporaneous with the Q10DWs in the neutral atmosphere during a period of relatively low solar and geomagnetic activity, suggesting that the Q10DWs play a key role in driving the ionospheric Q10DOs during the Southern SSW event. This study provides observational evidence for coupling between the neutral atmosphere and ionosphere through the upward propagation of global scale planetary waves.
Multi‐Instrument Characterization of Magnetospheric Cold Plasma Dynamics in the June 22, 2015 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Vellante M. , Takahashi K. , Del Corpo A. , Zhelavskaya I. S. , Goldstein J. , Mann I. R. , Pietropaolo E. , Reda J. , Heilig B.
Published: June 2021

We present a comparison of magnetospheric plasma mass/electron density observations during an 11‐day interval which includes the geomagnetic storm of June 22, 2015. For this study we used: Equatorial plasma mass density derived from geomagnetic field line resonances (FLRs) detected by Van Allen Probes and at the ground‐based magnetometer networks EMMA and CARISMA; in situ electron density inferred by the Neural‐network‐based Upper hybrid Resonance Determination algorithm applied to plasma wave Van Allen Probes measurements. The combined observations at L ∼ 4, MLT ∼ 16 of the two longitudinally separated magnetometer networks show a temporal pattern very similar to that of the in situ observations: A density decrease by an order of magnitude about 1 day after the Dst minimum, a partial recovery a few hours later, and a new strong decrease soon after. The observations are consistent with the position of the measurement points with respect to the plasmasphere boundary as derived by a plasmapause test particle simulation. A comparison between plasma mass densities derived from ground and in situ FLR observations during favorable conjunctions shows a good agreement. We find however, for L < ∼3, the spacecraft measurements to be higher than the corresponding ground observations with increasing deviation with decreasing L, which might be related to the rapid outbound spacecraft motion in that region. A statistical analysis of the average ion mass using simultaneous spacecraft measurements of mass and electron density indicates values close to 1 amu in plasmasphere and higher values (∼2–3 amu) in plasmatrough.
The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in the microbiota of yak, beef and dairy cattle characterized by a metagenomic approach
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Wei Xiaojuan , Wu Lingyu , Shang Xiaofei , Cheng Fusheng , Li Bing , Zhou Xuzheng , Zhang Jiyu
Published: June 2021

Drug resistance has been partly driven by the overuse of antimicrobials in agricultural animal feed. Better understanding of antibiotic resistance in bovine gut is needed to assess its potential effects based on metagenomic approach and analysis. In this study, we collected 40 fecal samples to explore drug resistance derived from antibiotic use in the bacterial community by an analysis of the diversities and differences of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in the gut microbiota from yak, beef, and dairy cattle. Overall, 1688 genes were annotated, including 734 ARG subtypes. The ARGs were related to tetracyclines, quinolones, β-lactam, and aminoglycosides, in accordance with the antibiotics widely used in the clinic for humans or animals. The emergence, prevalence, and differences in resistance genes in the intestines of yaks, beef, and dairy cattle may be caused by the selective pressure of different feeding patterns, where yaks were raised without antibiotics for growth promotion. In addition, the abundance of ARGs in yak was lower than in beef and dairy cattle, whereas the abundance of integron, a kind of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was higher in yaks than those in beef and dairy cattle. Furthermore, the results of this study could provide the basis for a comprehensive profile of various ARGs among yak, beef, and dairy cattle in future.
Simulation and surface topology of activity of pyrazoloquinoline derivatives as corrosion inhibitor on the copper surfaces
Authors: Razavi Razieh , Kaya Savaş , Zahedifar Mahboobeh , Ahmadi Sayed Ali
Published: June 2021

In the present study, corrosion inhibition performances of some pyrazolo [3,4-b] quinoline-3,5-dione derivatives against the corrosion of copper metal were investigated using B3LYP/6-311++g(d,p) calculation level in aqueous media. Additionally, interaction energies were calculated for all the pyrazoloquinoline derivatives compounds. In the calculations it is observed that studied molecules adsorb on metal surface with the help of electron donor heteroatoms in their molecular structures. Chemical thermodynamic parameters regarding the interaction between inhibitor molecule and copper surface were estimated and discussed. Density of the electron profile analysis and chemical electrostatic potential of nuclear charges in the molecule were applied to consider the nature of a number of probable interactions between Cu metal surface and inhibitors in terms of bond critical point (BCP). Calculated quantum chemical parameters showed that the pyrazoloquinoline derivatives including the OH and NO2 exhibit high inhibition performance.
Loss of structural balance in stock markets
Authors: Ferreira Eva , Orbe Susan , Ascorbebeitia Jone , Álvarez Pereira Brais , Estrada Ernesto
Published: June 2021

We use rank correlations as distance functions to establish the interconnectivity between stock returns, building weighted signed networks for the stocks of seven European countries, the US and Japan. We establish the theoretical relationship between the level of balance in a network and stock predictability, studying its evolution from 2005 to the third quarter of 2020. We find a clear balance–unbalance transition for six of the nine countries, following the August 2011 Black Monday in the US, when the Economic Policy Uncertainty index for this country reached its highest monthly level before the COVID-19 crisis. This sudden loss of balance is mainly caused by a reorganization of the market networks triggered by a group of low capitalization stocks belonging to the non-financial sector. After the transition, the stocks of companies in these groups become all negatively correlated between them and with most of the rest of the stocks in the market. The implied change in the network topology is directly related to a decrease in stock predictability, a finding with novel important implications for asset allocation and portfolio hedging strategies.
S100A9/CD163 expression profiles in classical monocytes as biomarkers to discriminate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Yamashita Masahiro , Utsumi Yuh , Nagashima Hiromi , Nitanai Hiroo , Yamauchi Kohei
Published: June 2021

Circulating monocytes have pathogenic relevance in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, we determined whether the cell surface levels of two markers, pro-inflammatory-related S100A9 and anti-inflammatory-related CD163, expressed on CD14strongCD16− classical monocytes by flow cytometry could discriminate IPF from idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP). Twenty-five patients with IPF, 25 with iNSIP, and 20 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled in this study. The S100A9+CD163− cell percentages in classical monocytes showed a pronounced decrease on monocytes in iNSIP compared to that in IPF. In contrast, the percentages of S100A9−CD163+ cells were significantly higher in iNSIP patients than in IPF patients and healthy volunteers. In IPF patients, there was a trend toward a correlation between the percentage of S100A9+CD163− monocytes and the surfactant protein-D (SP-D) serum levels (r = 0.4158, [95% confidence interval (CI) − 0.02042–0.7191], p = 0.051). The individual percentages of S100A9+CD163− and S100A9−CD163+ cells were also independently associated with IPF through multivariate regression analysis. The unadjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) to discriminate IPF from iNSIP was (ROC-AUC 0.802, 95% CI [0.687–0.928]), suggesting that these are better biomarkers than serum SP-D (p < 0.05). This preliminary study reports the first comparative characterization of monocyte phenotypes between IPF and iNSIP.
Author Correction: Significance of abnormal 53BP1 expression as a novel molecular pathologic parameter of follicular-shaped B-cell lymphoid lesions in human digestive tract
Authors: Luong Thi My Hanh , Matsuda Katsuya , Niino Daisuke , Kurohama Hirokazu , Ito Masahiro , Nakashima Masahiro
Published: June 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A three-dimensional dynamic DNA walker-mediated branching hybridization chain reaction for the ultrasensitive fluorescence sensing of ampicillin
Authors: Jiang Long , Qu Xiaonan , Sun Wenyu , Zhang Manru , Wang Yeru , Wang Yu , Zhao Yijin , Zhang Fenfen , Leng Yuning , Liu Su , Yu Jinghua , Huang Jiadong
Published: June 2021

The sensing system is composed of an Nt·Bbvcl-powered DNA walker blocked by the AMP aptamer, hairpin-shaped DNA track probes (TP) and four kinds of metastable hairpin probes as the substrates of bHCR.
Utilizing the coffee-ring effect to synthesize tin tetraiodide intercalated fullerene (C60) microcrystals by evaporative-driven self-assembly with enhanced photoluminescence
Authors: Pan Yinxu , Yi Haiyan , Nie Bei
Published: June 2021

Exodo-metallofullerene microcrystals of C60(SnI4)2 were produced by utilizing the “coffee-ring” effect during a simple drop-drying process.
Rapid isolation of extracellular vesicles from diverse biofluid matricesviacapillary-channeled polymer fiber solid-phase extraction micropipette tips
Authors: Jackson Kaylan K. , Powell Rhonda R. , Bruce Terri F. , Marcus R. Kenneth
Published: June 2021

C-CP fiber spin-down tips are employed on a table-top centrifuge to isolate extracellular vesicles from diverse biofluids in less than 15 min. The EVs are isolated in high yields and purity, with the recoveries verified across multiple methods.
A nano-detection system based on a chemical probe for early diagnosis of atherosclerosis in situ
Authors: Wang Qiaolei , Lou Rui , Yin Qianwen , Yang Ruhe , Li Shengnan , Zhou Jie
Published: June 2021

The existing medical diagnostic technologies are mainly focused on the later stage of AS development rather than plaque imaging in the period before plaque formation. The nano-detection-system can diagnose AS 10 to 20 years in advance.
Enhanced ion transport in Li2O and Li2S films
Authors: Lorger Simon , Narita Kai , Usiskin Robert , Maier Joachim
Published: June 2021

Li2O and Li2S films show Li+ conductivities comparable to those of typical SEI passivation layers in batteries.
Converting p-terphenyl into a novel organo-catalyst for LED-driven energy and electron transfer photoreactions in water
Authors: Bertrams Maria-Sophie , Kerzig Christoph
Published: June 2021

A robust photocatalyst for reactions under particularly sustainable conditions has been discovered. The importance of its photoactive triplet state has been elucidated by combining optical spectroscopy with lab-scale photocatalysis.
Regulation of electronic properties of ZnO/In2O3heterospheresviaatomic layer deposition for high performance NO2detection
Authors: Li Zishuo , Lou Chengming , Lei Guanglu , Lu Guocai , Pan Hongyin , Liu Xianghong , Zhang Jun
Published: June 2021

Heterogeneous In2O3/ZnO spheres designed by atomic layer deposition manifest high response to NO2detection.
Gaseous infrared spectra of the simplest geminal diol CH2(OH)2 and the isotopic analogues in the hydration of formaldehyde
Authors: Jian Hung-Yang , Yang Chih-Tsun , Chu Li-Kang
Published: June 2021

The infrared spectrum of the simplest geminal diol, methanediol or methylene glycol (CH2(OH)2), was successfully probed in the gaseous hydration of formaldehyde.
Evaluation of static differential capacitance at the [C4mim+][TFSA−]/electrode interface using molecular dynamics simulation combined with electrochemical surface plasmon resonance measurements
Authors: Zhang Shiwei , Nishi Naoya , Katakura Seiji , Sakka Tetsuo
Published: June 2021

Static capacitance of ionic liquid is evaluated by MD simulation and ESPR. Formation of semi-layer and anion transformation are revealed.
Self-assembly of the cationic surfactant n-hexadecyl-trimethylammonium chloride in methyltrimethoxysilane aqueous solution: classical and reactive molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Urata Shingo , Kuo An-Tsung , Murofushi Hidenobu
Published: June 2021

A cationic surfactant, n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), molecules form the self-aggregates in the aqueous solution of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) even when the MTMS-derived oligomer turns to be hydrophobic by the dehydration reaction.
Theoretical insights on tunable optoelectronics and charge mobilities in cyano-perylenediimides: interplays between –CN numbers and positions
Authors: Ahmed Raka , Manna Arun K.
Published: June 2021

Interplays between –CN numbers and positions for tunable optoelectronics and charge-transport in functional cyano-perylenediimides in the gas-phase and also in the condensed-phase are explored using reliable electronic structure methods.
Ferromagnetic Dirac half-metallicity in transition metal embedded honeycomb borophene
Authors: Wang Yanxia , Jiang Xue , Wang Yi , Zhao Jijun
Published: June 2021

CrB2 monolayers are ferromagnetic Dirac half-metals which are formed by embedding Cr atoms in honeycomb borophene.
A luminescent cationic MOF for bimodal recognition of chromium and arsenic based oxo-anions in water
Authors: Dutta Subhajit , Let Sumanta , Shirolkar Mandar M. , Desai Aamod V. , Samanta Partha , Fajal Sahel , More Yogeshwar D. , Ghosh Sujit K.
Published: June 2021

Selective bimodal “turn off/on” response in a water stable cationic MOF toward toxic water pollutants (CrO42−, Cr2O72−, HAsO42−, and HAsO32−).
A hierarchical hollow Ni/Co-functionalized MoS2 architecture with highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensing activity
Authors: Xu Xuejuan , Zhang Yuchi , Han Yide , Wu Junbiao , Zhang Xia , Xu Yan
Published: June 2021

A hierarchical hollow Ni/Co-functionalized MoS2 architecture was designed and it exhibited excellent selectivity and high sensitivity for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensing.
Synthesis, characterization, and optoelectronic properties of phenothiazine-based organic co-poly-ynes
Authors: Al-Busaidi Idris Juma , Haque Ashanul , A. Al-Balushi Rayya , Rather Jahangir Ahmad , Munam Abdul , Ilmi Rashid , Raithby Paul R. , Zhang Youming , Fu Yingying , Xie Zhiyuan , Chen Shuming , Islam Shahidul M. , Wong Wai-Yeung , Skelton Jonathan M. , Khan Muhammad S.
Published: June 2021

We present the synthesis of seven new organic co-poly-ynes P1–P7 incorporating phenothiazine (PTZ) motif and evaluate their optoelectronic properties and performance in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) and polymer solar cells (PSCs).
Facile synthesis of Co(ii)-doped cobalt oxide nanostructures: their application in the sensitive determination of the prophylactic drug furazolidone
Authors: Alagumalai Krishnapandi , Shanmugam Ragurethinam , Chen Shen-Ming , Balamurugan Muthukutty
Published: June 2021

Electrochemical detection of prophylactic drug furazolidone through Co–Co2O4 modified GCE.
Rich-colour mechanochromism of a cyanostilbene derivative with chiral self-assembly
Authors: Wen Li , Sun Jingwei , Li Chengjian , Zhu Chenfei , Zhang Xi , Wang Zhenbo , Song Qingbao , Lv Chunyan , Zhang Yujian
Published: June 2021

The tricolored fluorescence switching was realized in a novel chiral fluorophore. The fabrication of a helical assembly was proposed as a candidate strategy for attaining an additional metastable state, which contributed to enriched PL colors via pairwise excimer emission.
Selective guest inclusion of linear C6 hydrocarbons in a Zn(ii) 1D coordination polymer
Authors: Caruso Manfredi , Cametti Massimo , Rissanen Kari , Martí-Rujas Javier
Published: June 2021

Trapping of volatile unbranched C6 hydrocarbons (hexane, 1-hexene, and 1-hexyne) in a 1D coordination polymer is reported.
Synthesis of benzothiazonine by rhodium-catalyzed denitrogenative transannulation of 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole and thiochromone
Authors: Jablasone Saygbechi T. , Ye Zihang , Duan Shengguo , Xu Ze-Feng , Li Chuan-Ying
Published: June 2021

A facile synthesis of functionalized benzothiazonine was achieved by rhodium-catalyzed denitrogenative annulation of easily available 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole and thiochromone.
Self-Reported Hearing Loss and Associated Factors in Older Adults at a Memory Clinic
Authors: Feijó Maria Eduarda Pinheiro Hüttner , Haas Patrícia , Hillesheim Danúbia , Xavier André Junqueira , Quialheiro Anna , d'Ávila Freitas Maria Isabel , de Paiva Karina Mary
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The prevalence of dementia has increased in recent years and, along with hearing loss, can negatively impact the health of older adults. The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to establish self-reported hearing loss and associated factors in older adults at a memory clinic.

Method

Researchers conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on factors associated with self-reported hearing loss (i.e., lifestyle, general health, cognition, functional capacity). Data were taken from medical records of older adults (≥ 60 years old) who received care between 2017 and 2018 at a memory clinic located at the Southern Santa Catarina University in Brazil. Analysis included the Pearson chi-squared test and logistic regression, estimation of the crude and adjusted odds ratios (
OR
), with respective confidence intervals of 95%.

Results

Researchers analyzed the medical records of 257 older adults and verified a prevalence of 13.2% of these adults with self-reported hearing loss. There was a higher prevalence of the outcome (i.e., self-reported hearing loss) in older adults who reported tinnitus (35.2%), those with mild cognitive impairment (14.7%), and those who were sedentary (19.2%). After adjustment for confusion factors, tinnitus (
OR
= 4.63;
p
= .019) and sedentarism (
OR
= 2.89;
p
= .029) were still associated with the outcome.

Conclusions

Tinnitus and sedentarism were associated with hearing loss in older adults receiving care at a memory clinic. As a public health issue, presbycusis needs to be included in the health planning and health promotion agendas, with effective control, prevention, and treatment measures.
Possible evidence for a supermassive binary black hole in 3C454.3
Authors: Qian S. J. , Britzen S. , Krichbaum T. P. , Witzel A.
Published: June 2021

Context. The kinematic behaviors of thirteen superluminal components observed at 43 GHz in blazar 3C454.3 are investigated and model-fitted in terms of the precessing jet-nozzle scenario previously proposed.

Aims. In order to search for the possible precession of jet-nozzle and periodic ejection of superluminal components in 3C454.3, the thirteen components are divided into the following two groups: group-A and group-B. Group-A consists of six components (B4, B5, K2, K3, K09, and K14) and group-B consists of seven components (B1, B2, B3, B6, K1, K10, and K16).

Methods. For each component of group-A and group-B, the observed kinematic features (trajectory, core separation, coordinates, and apparent velocity versus time) were model-fitted in terms of our precessing jet-nozzle scenario, and its kinematic parameters (bulk Lorentz factor, viewing angle, apparent velocity, and Doppler factor versus time) were derived and compared with the observations.

Results. It is found that the superluminal components of group-A and group-B may be regarded to be produced by a double-jet system, consisting of jet-A and jet-B which ejects the components of group-A and group-B, respectively. Both jets are likely precessing with the same period of ∼10.5 yr (5.6 yr in the source frame) with modeled time coverages of ∼2 and ∼1.5 periods, respectively. The motion of these components in the inner-jet regions (core separation ≲0.3–0.5 mas) is explained to follow a precessing common trajectory respective for jet-A and jet-B. The recurrence of the curved trajectory for the pair of knots B6 and K10 exhibits a significant clue as to periodicity.

Conclusions. The analysis and explanation of the entire kinematics of the thirteen superluminal components observed in 3C454.3 in terms of our precessing jet-nozzle scenario might possibly imply that blazar 3C454.3 hosts a supermassive binary black hole, which creates two precessing relativistic jets pointing closely toward us with small angles.
Effect of the ammonia concentration on the performance of wetland microbial fuel cells
Authors: Wang Li , Fu Jiafeng , Wang Wenlei , Song Yutong , Li Yan
Published: June 2021

This work explores the effect of the ammonia concentration on the wetland synthesis of microbial fuel cell (MFC) and on the production and the efficiency of sewage purification. Four ammonia concentrations from 1 to 30 mg/L have been selected. Under the fixed condition of a chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 200 mg/L, a constructed wetland microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) could be built. The results show that by selecting the optimum ammonia concentration the production of the CW-MFC could be promoted; a higher ammonia concentration (>20 mg/L) is found to inhibit the production activity of CW-MFC. In the optimum conditions, Cathode and anode thickness is 10 cm, the ammonia concentration is 10 mg/L, the COD concentration of 200 mg/L, the maximum power density of the battery is 13.6 W/m3, the corresponding current density is 148.6 A/m3 and the battery internal resistance is 270 Ω. At the ammonia nitrogen concentration of 10 mg/L, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and COD were up to 89.7% and 98.47% respectively. As the ammonia nitrogen concentration increased to 30 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen and COD removal rates decreased to 74.6% and 90.69% respectively. That is, when the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 10 mg/L, CW-MFC can exhibit the best performance.
A review on the current condition and control of campus noise pollution in central region of China
Authors: Ou Yang , Zhang Xiyan , Zhang Lai , Yu Songlin
Published: June 2021

With the increasing public attention to environmental protection, the control of pollution has become a joint goal of human. As one of the four major environmental pollutions, noise pollution seriously affects the normal study, work and health of teachers and students in schools, hence becoming an environmental issue of general concern in modern society. At present, the research and prevention of noise in colleges and universities are still in the initial stage in China. In addition, there are few noise studies in universities based on regions. Most of people are lack of enough attention to noise pollution, prevention and control measures and there is much room for improvement in all aspects. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current situation and causes of campus noise pollution in the central region of China and put forward some suggestions to improve the quality of sound environment on campus. In the end, it will provide some feasible references for the research in related fields.
A knowledge-guided and manual intervention-based gene expression programming for PM2.5 concentration prediction
Authors: Wang Chaoxue , Jia Xiaoli , Zhang Fan , Pan Yuhang
Published: June 2021

In view of the lack of interpretation and inability to know the occurrence mechanism of PM2.5 concentration by deep learning algorithm in solving PM2.5 concentration prediction problem, this paper adopts a knowledge-guided and manual intervention-based gene expression programming (KMGEP) to solve it. The KMGEP algorithm not only has strong model learning ability, but also can obtain the explicit function relationship between PM2.5 concentration and its influencing factors. In the process of algorithm implementation, knowledge guidance and manual intervention are introduced to GEP for predicting PM2.5 concentration so as to improve its global optimization ability and convergence speed. In this paper, the daily PM2.5 concentration prediction in winter (from December to February) in Xi’an region is taken as an example, and the KMGEP algorithm is compared with the artificial neural network back propagation algorithm (BP-ANN) and the convolutional neural network and long short-term memory neural network combined model (CNN-LSTM). Experimental results show that the KMGEP algorithm not only has high prediction accuracy in solving the PM2.5 concentration prediction, but also the obtained function expression can reveal the occurrence relationship between PM2.5 concentration and its influencing factors.