bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical‐functional discordance between quantitative coronary angiography and diastolic pressure ratio during wave‐free period
Authors: Nakamura Shun , Yonetsu Taishi , Hoshino Masahiro , Hada Masahiro , Yamaguchi Masao , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Nakamura Taichi , Matsuda Junji , Hatano Yu , Umemoto Tomoyuki , Sasano Tetsuo , Kakuta Tsunekazu
Published: April 2021

Objectives

This study sought to determine the predictors of anatomical‐functional discordance between quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) derived diameter stenosis (QCA‐DS) and diastolic pressure ratio during wave‐free period (dPRWFP).

Background

The discrepancy between angiographical stenosis and physiological significance is frequently experienced in clinical practice. Although the anatomical‐functional discordance between angiography and fractional flow reserve (FFR) has been intensively investigated, that of resting index including dPRWFP remains to be elucidated.

Methods

In a total of 647 angiographically intermediate lesions with QCA‐DS between 30 and 70% in 502 patients, predictors of having QCA‐DS >50% and dPRWFP > 0.89 (QCA‐dPRWFP mismatch), and those of having QCA‐DS ≤50% and dPRWFP ≤ 0.89 (QCA‐dPRWFP reverse mismatch) were determined. FFR ≤0.80 was defined as positive FFR and the predictors of QCA‐FFR discordance were determined as well.

Results

QCA‐dPRWFP mismatch and reverse mismatch were observed in 27.5 and 17.6% of cases, respectively. The predictors of mismatch were non‐left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesion, large minimal lumen diameter, low baseline heart rate, and high coronary flow reserve (CFR), while those of reverse mismatch were LAD lesion, non‐culprit lesion of acute coronary syndrome, long lesion length, low left ventricular ejection fraction, and low CFR and index of microcirculatory resistance. Age, sex, and the culprit vessel of prior myocardial infarction were not significant determinants of QCA‐dPRWFP discordance unlike QCA‐FFR discordance derived from the same cohort.

Conclusions

Anatomical‐functional discordance between angiography and dPRWFP was not uncommon. Predictors differed between QCA‐dPRWFP discordance and QCA‐FFR discordance.
Use of edge‐to‐edge percutaneous mitral valve repair for severe mitral regurgitation in cardiogenic shock: A multicenter observational experience (MITRA‐SHOCK study)
Authors: Falasconi Giulio , Melillo Francesco , Pannone Luigi , Adamo Marianna , Ronco Federico , Latib Azeem , Rahgozar Kusha , Carrabba Nazario , Valenti Renato , Citro Rodolfo , Stella Stefano , Ingallina Giacomo , Capogrosso Cristina , Scandroglio Mara , Ancona Francesco , Godino Cosmo , Denti Paolo , Castiglioni Alessandro , De Bonis Michele , Colombo Antonio , Lupi Laura , Branca Luca , Montorfano Matteo , Agricola Eustachio
Published: April 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of edge‐to‐edge PMVR on short and mid‐term clinical outcomes in patients with CS and severe MR.

Background

Severe mitral regurgitation (MR) in the setting of cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with three times higher risk of 1‐year mortality. In refractory CS, edge‐to‐edge percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) can be a potential therapeutic option.

Methods

We retrospectively included consecutive patients with refractory CS and concomitant severe MR treated with MitraClip® system. CS was defined according to the criteria used in the SHOCK trial and procedural success according to Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium (MVARC) criteria. The 30‐day and 6‐month mortality were the primary and secondary endpoints respectively.

Results

Thirty‐one patients (median age 73 years [interquartile range, IQR 66–78], 25.8% female), STS mortality score 37.9 [IQR 30.4–42.4]), with CS and concomitant severe MR treated with edge‐to‐edge PMVR were retrospectively enrolled. Procedural success was 87.1%. Thirty‐day and 6‐month survival rates were 78.4 and 45.2% respectively. Univariate Cox Regression Model analysis showed that procedural success was a predictor of both 30‐day (HR = 0.12, 95% CI 0.03–0.55, p < .01) and 6‐month survival (HR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.06–0.84, p = .027).

Conclusions

Edge‐to‐edge PMVR in patients with CS and concomitant severe MR was associated with good procedural safety and success with acceptable short and mid‐term survival rates. It could be considered a bailout option in this setting of patients.
Carotid artery ligation via sternotomy as a palliative surgery: Case report of advanced intramediastinal malignant soft tissue tumor
Authors: Eguchi Kohtaro , Kobayashi Kenya , Takano Tomonari , Ito Akiko , Sakai Azusa , Ikeda Atsuo , Matsumoto Yoshifumi , Omura Go , Matsumoto Fumihiko , Yoshimoto Seiichi
Published: April 2021

Under extreme conditions and in palliative settings, shared decision making with the patient is vital; narrative decisions beyond evidence could be considered. If there is a chance of symptom palliation, extended surgery should not be avoided merely because of the limited life expectancy.
Reactions of C60 with Pyridazine and Phthalazine
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Li Hui , Murata Yasujiro
Published: April 2021

Cage‐opened bisfulleroids are one of suitable building blocks for making a large hole on fullerenes. This work focuses on the Diels‐Alder reaction of C60 with azines, among synthetic methods developed thus far, to provide bisfulleroids. Surprisingly, the computational study predicted that the reaction proceeds with normal electron demand in contrast to hitherto considered inverse‐electron‐demand pathway. The benzoannulation to the pyridazine ring, i. e., phthalazine, resulted in the remarkably shortened reaction time due to the better interaction between the HOMO of phthalazine and the LUMO of C60 as well as stronger 2,3‐diaza‐1,3‐butadiene character in the phthalazine as confirmed crystallographically. Contrary to expectations, the benzobisfulleroid was converted into corresponding orifice‐enlarged derivative via the photooxygenation slightly faster than the fulleroid derived from pyridazine.
Diffusion in Nanoporous Solids in the Focus of IUPAC – A Tribute to Jens Weitkamp
Authors: Gläser Roger , Kärger Jörg , Ruthven Douglas M.
Published: April 2021

In bidding farewell to Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Jens Weitkamp, we remember his many activities and his beneficial influence on the development of science, notably in the various fields of chemical technology and engineering. These activities include his engagement in support of the development of techniques dedicated to improvement of our understanding of the complex phenomenon of mass transfer in nanoporous materials, as both an ingenious scientist and a brilliant organizer and gifted leader of scientific alliances. The present contribution provides a brief introduction to the many facets of research in this field, with particular recognition of the most recent developments and Prof. Weitkamp's contributions.
Optimal design under complete class with ancillary functions
Authors: Hua Yi , Yang Min
Published: April 2021

Nonlinear models are challenging in optimal designs due to their complexity and lack of canonical forms. The complete class strategy provides a unified framework for studying optimal designs for nonlinear models. However, the current strategy does not apply to many models under this framework. In this article, we propose a tool called ancillary functions as an extension to the complete class strategy. We also provide results on minimally supported designs with proper conditions. We demonstrate this tool with two‐parameter dose–response models, which include the Beta‐Poisson model, the complementary log–log model, and the skewed logit model. The results of this article add to the previous complete class framework and make the minimally supported design available for more nonlinear models that were previously not feasible.
Outcomes of orbital exenteration for craniofacial lesions
Authors: Traylor Jeffrey I. , Christiano Lana D. , Esmaeli Bita , Hanasono Matthew M. , Yu Peirong , Suki Dima , Zhang Wen , Raza Shaan M. , Hanna Ehab Y. , DeMonte Franco
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Orbital exenteration (OE) is an ablative procedure used in the management of malignancies of the orbit of either primary or secondary origin. Publications evaluating this procedure have suffered from small patient numbers, heterogeneity of pathologies, and poor patient follow‐up. The purpose of this study was to assess patient outcomes in a large cohort of patients undergoing OE at a tertiary cancer center.

METHODS

A retrospective review was conducted of 180 consecutive patients who underwent OE at the authors' institution. Overall survival (OS) was the primary end point measured in the study. Time to locoregional recurrence (progression‐free survival [PFS]) and disease‐free survival were secondary end points.

RESULTS

Between the years 1993 and 2011, 180 consecutive patients received OE for craniofacial malignancy at the authors' institution. The median follow‐up for the cohort was 9.7 years (116 months). The median OS was 73 months, and the median PFS was 96 months. The presence of perineural invasion was associated with shorter OS (P = .01) and PFS (P < .01). Magnetic resonance imaging was predictive of perineural invasion (P < .01). Positive margins were associated with shorter PFS than negative margins (P < .01) but with no change in OS (P = .15). The overall complication rate was 15%. The major complication rate (Clavien‐Dindo 3b or greater) was 2.8% (n = 5), and there was 1 death observed (0.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

Used judiciously in the setting of a multidisciplinary management plan, OE for tumor control is a safe therapy.

LAY SUMMARY

Between the years 1993 and 2011, 180 consecutive patients received orbital exenteration for craniofacial malignancy at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. The median follow‐up for the cohort was 9.7 years.

The presence of perineural invasion was associated with shorter overall survival (P = .01) and progression‐free survival (P < .01). Magnetic resonance imaging was predictive of perineural invasion (P < .01).

Positive margins were associated with shorter progression‐free survival than negative margins (P < .01). The overall complication rate was 15%. The major complication rate (Clavien‐Dindo 3b or greater) was 2.8% (n = 5).
Parallel spreadsheet evaluation and dynamic cycle detection
Authors: Bock Alexander Asp
Published: April 2021

It was estimated there would be 72 million users using spreadsheets monthly in 2017 some of which build complex financial, scientific, and mathematical models. Most of these end‐users are not trained IT professionals but domain experts. In the age of multicore computing and ever‐increasing amounts of data, how can end‐users access this powerful, parallel hardware to accelerate spreadsheet computation? Some existing solutions are usually not fully automatic and require a level of interaction from end‐users to facilitate parallel execution. Ideally, an end‐user tool would transparently exploit the underlying hardware and automatically discover available parallelism in the spreadsheet without any required interaction. This article presents an algorithm for automatic parallel evaluation of the cells in a spreadsheet and dynamic, parallel cycle detection. It is implemented in the Funcalc research spreadsheet application which supports higher‐order functions in the spreadsheet paradigm. Altogether, this promises a powerful and expressive platform for end‐user development. Our results on a 48 logical core machine show a maximum 7–14× speed‐up on a set of benchmark spreadsheets and a maximum 21–32× speed‐up on a set of synthetic spreadsheets with predefined topologies.
Solid‐State Synthesis of (Ph4P)MI3 (M=Eu2+, Sr2+, Sn2+) and Investigation of Photoluminescence Properties of Green Emitting Phosphor
Authors: Siai Amira , Ströbele Markus , Enseling David , Jüstel Thomas , Meyer Hans‐Jürgen
Published: April 2021

This work reports a solid‐state preparation of hybrid tetraphenylphosphonium (Ph4P+) compounds (Ph4P)MI3 (M=Eu2+, Sr2+ and Sn2+). The new materials (Ph4P)EuI3 and (Ph4P)SrI3 are found to crystallize isotypically in the trigonal space group
, where Eu2+ and Sr2+ ions exhibit similarly two different crystallographic positions and occupy the centers of trigonal antiprismatic sites. The corresponding compound (Ph4P)SnI3 was accordingly prepared by solid‐state reaction to yield yellow crystals which crystallize in a monoclinic structure (P21/c). The luminescent properties of (Ph4P)EuI3 were investigated and the results revealed that Eu2+ displays an intensive green band emission peaked at 536 nm. The radiative decay time determined upon excitation at 536 nm is 508 ns.
Photoluminescent Metallaprisms with (p‐Cymene)Ru‐Corners and Bis(β‐diketone) Pillars
Authors: Yan Ming‐Jie , Huang Sheng‐Li , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: April 2021

Four metallaprisms were synthesized by the selective combination of (p‐cymene)Ru‐corners, bis(β‐diketone) pillars, and multi‐functional pyridyl linkers. They have large cavities and exhibit photoluminescence in CH2Cl2solvent, particularly the employment of AIE‐active ligand tetra‐(4‐pyridylphenyl)ethylene (TPPE) endows one of them with AIE properties.
New progress achieved in seasonal dynamics of dissolved organic carbon of permafrost peatland through Chinese–United States EcoPartnership relationships
Authors: Wang Xianwei , Song Changchun , Sun Li , Song Yanyu , Hou Aixin , Tan Wenwen
Published: April 2021

Permafrost peatland plays an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is one of the most important components to C budgets in this system. Through the Chinese–United States EcoPartnership program, Dr Xianwei Wang, Li Sun, and Prof Changchun Song et al. from the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Prof Aixin Hou from the Louisiana State University observed dynamics of DOC concentrations and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) obtained from soil porewater of permafrost peatlands for two growing seasons in the Great Hing'an Mountains, Northeast China. Soil porewater DOC concentrations varied greatly with depths during the growing season, ranging between 22.08 and 65.02 mg L−1. There was no significant relationship between DOC concentrations and SUVA254. DOC concentrations were higher in autumn and increased as the seasonal thaw depth increased. DOC concentrations of supra‐permafrost water at freeze–thaw boundary were also higher than those at the other soil depths. Temperature and thawing depth had been shown to affect DOC concentrations at different soil depths. Our finding suggests that warming and deepening of the active layer likely increase the DOC productions in the permafrost peatland, which may influence the C balance in these C‐enriched ecosystems.
Neurophysiological and functional neuroanatomical coding of statistical and deterministic rule information during sequence learning
Authors: Takács Ádám , Kóbor Andrea , Kardos Zsófia , Janacsek Karolina , Horváth Kata , Beste Christian , Nemeth Dezso
Published: April 2021

Humans are capable of acquiring multiple types of information presented in the same information stream. It has been suggested that at least two parallel learning processes are important during learning of sequential patterns—statistical learning and rule‐based learning. Yet, the neurophysiological underpinnings of these parallel learning processes are not fully understood. To differentiate between the simultaneous mechanisms at the single trial level, we apply a temporal EEG signal decomposition approach together with sLORETA source localization method to delineate whether distinct statistical and rule‐based learning codes can be distinguished in EEG data and can be related to distinct functional neuroanatomical structures. We demonstrate that concomitant but distinct aspects of information coded in the N2 time window play a role in these mechanisms: mismatch detection and response control underlie statistical learning and rule‐based learning, respectively, albeit with different levels of time‐sensitivity. Moreover, the effects of the two learning mechanisms in the different temporally decomposed clusters of neural activity also differed from each other in neural sources. Importantly, the right inferior frontal cortex (BA44) was specifically implicated in visuomotor statistical learning, confirming its role in the acquisition of transitional probabilities. In contrast, visuomotor rule‐based learning was associated with the prefrontal gyrus (BA6). The results show how simultaneous learning mechanisms operate at the neurophysiological level and are orchestrated by distinct prefrontal cortical areas. The current findings deepen our understanding on the mechanisms of how humans are capable of learning multiple types of information from the same stimulus stream in a parallel fashion.
Development, translation, and preliminary validation of the neck dissection assessment tool
Authors: Yang Nathan , Mercier Érika , Guertin Louis , Bissada Eric , Christopoulos Apostolos , Olivier Marie‐Jo , Tabet Jean‐Claude , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos Miguel , Ayad Tareck
Published: April 2021

Background

The objective was to develop an assessment tool to evaluate residents' competency for neck dissection and provide preliminary evidence of feasibility, reliability, and validity.

Methods

Six surgeons developed a neck dissection assessment tool using a modified Delphi method and evaluated 58 neck dissections from six junior and six senior otolaryngology residents.

Results

The assessment tool uses a double checklist: a previously validated global rating scale (GRS) and a task‐specific checklist (TSC). Use of the instrument appeared feasible and the average scores on the GRS and TSC differed significantly between junior and senior residents. The Pearson correlation coefficient between both checklists was 0.87. Intraclass correlation (ICC) for inter‐rater reliability was 0.69 for the GRS, and 0.80 for the TSC.

Conclusion

This study provides preliminary evidence of feasibility, reliability, and validity for the first neck dissection assessment tool and provides a foundation for further psychometric analysis and research.
Impact of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Complicated by Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhang Enxiang , Zhao Yang , Hu Hongbo
Published: April 2021

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), a type of membrane protein highly expressed in the kidney, can regulate plasma glucose through the glomerular filtration process by reabsorption from the kidney. SGLT2 inhibitors, which are newly developed oral antidiabetic drugs, can play a role in liver diseases by inhibiting SGLT2-mediated renal glucose reabsorption and inducing glycosuria. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of liver disease, resulting in severe liver dysfunction. During the progression of NAFLD, there are some hallmark complications, including lipid metabolism disorders, inflammation induction, and hepatocyte death. Herein, we review several SGLT2 inhibitors that are capable of protecting individuals with NAFLD from severe complications by inhibiting de novo lipogenesis, oxidative responses, inflammation induction, and hepatocyte death.
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Authors: Jiang Yu , Wang Yichun , Ni Jiangfeng , Li Liang
Published: April 2021

Molybdenum‐based materials exhibit a high capacity and rich reaction chemistry for sodium, but their potential in sodium‐ion batteries has been plagued by several technical challenges. In this review, the authors present a state‐of‐the‐art overview of the research progress of molybdenum‐based materials for sodium storage, highlight materials engineering strategies that are capable of addressing these challenges, and offer valuable insights into their further development in practice (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12175).

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Lithium toxicity and the kidney with special focus on nephrotic syndrome associated with the acute kidney injury: A case‐based systematic analysis
Authors: Łukawska Emilia , Frankiewicz Dorota , Izak Monika , Woźniak Aldona , Dworacki Grzegorz , Niemir Zofia I.
Published: April 2021

Despite the progress made in treating bipolar and unipolar affective disorders, lithium carbonate is still a common drug in psychiatric practice. Lithium‐related renal side effects include nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy, and acute kidney injury (AKI). Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is an uncommon but severe complication of lithium treatment. We present a 49‐year‐old female treated with lithium carbonate due to a recurrent depressive disorder who developed NS during this therapy. NS spontaneously remitted after the drug withdrawal. Since her lithium serum levels were within the recommended values, we performed a retrospective analysis of lithium‐induced NS cases trying to determine causes predisposing to the NS development, underlying histopathology, and preservation or irreversible loss of kidney function. This analysis revealed that in lithium‐induced NS with AKI, lithium serum level was the key determinant of AKI development (the β coefficient = 0.8499 with a confidence interval ranging from 0.7452 to 0.9546 and p value < 0.0001). In these cases, the underlying pathology was mainly minimal change disease (MCD), which was quickly reversible upon the drug withdrawal. The development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) seemed to be associated with lithium therapy duration. However, the multiple regression analysis for CKD as the dependent variable showed that the decisive factor was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) as the underlying pathology (the β coefficient = 0.7866 with a confidence interval ranging from 0.600 to 0.9704 and the p value < 0.0001). Thus, we conclude that in lithium‐induced NS/AKI, serum lithium levels contribute to these complications, while FSGS lesions are responsible for CKD's disease progression.
A combined Monte Carlo/DFT approach to simulate UV‐vis spectra of molecules and aggregates: Merocyanine dyes as a case study
Authors: Tirri Bernardino , Mazzone Gloria , Ottochian Alistar , Gomar Jerôme , Raucci Umberto , Adamo Carlo , Ciofini Ilaria
Published: April 2021

The combination of a Monte Carlo (MC) sampling of the configurational space with time dependent‐density functional theory (TD‐DFT) to estimate vertical excitations energies has been applied to compute the absorption spectra of a family of merocyanine dyes in both their monomeric and dimeric forms. These results have been compared to those obtained using a static DFT/TD‐DFT approach as well as to the available experimental spectra. Though suffering of the limitations related to the use of DFT and TD‐DFT for this type of systems, our data clearly show that the classical MC sampling provides a suitable alternative to classical molecular dynamics to explore the structural flexibility of these donor‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) chromophores enabling a realistic description of the potential energy surface of both their monomers and aggregates (here dimers) and thus of their spectra. Overall, the combination of MC sampling with quantum mechanics (TD‐DFT) calculations, carried out in implicit dioxane solvent on random snapshots, provides a workable compromise to solve the combined challenge of accuracy and time‐consuming problem not only for merocyanines momers, but also for their dimers, up to now less investigated. Indeed, the simulated absorption spectra fairly agree with the experimental ones, suggesting the general reliability of the method.
Risk stratification and goal of systemic therapy for successful surgical management of colorectal liver metastases: Oncological optimization
Authors: Shindoh Junichi
Published: April 2021

For patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC), curative‐intent surgery has actively been performed for expecting prolonged survival outcomes. However, because the population with stage IV CRC is considerably heterogeneous, optimal selection of surgical candidate is inevitable to maximize survival outcomes. In the era of effective chemotherapy, there is an increasing need for a strategic use of chemotherapy as a part of multidisciplinary treatment to expand surgical indications and enhance the clinical outcomes. However, since the fate of each patient is difficult to predict at initial presentation, our clinical practice is rather “tailored”, considering the anatomy, oncological behavior of tumor, response to chemotherapy, and patient's physical status. Given that surgery is the only treatment option for expecting cure of colorectal liver metastases (CLM), the main purpose of chemotherapy for potentially/marginally resectable disease is to clarify the likelihood of surgical benefit through testing the behavior of the tumor and to select an appropriate candidate for surgery. This process of clinical decision is actually optimization of the initial population for surgery through the optimization of treatment for each patient. In this article, theoretical bases of multidisciplinary management for CLM were revisited and the concept of “oncological optimization” underling our clinical decision was discussed.
Initiation of a Night Float System in an Otolaryngology Residency: Resident Perception and Impact on Operative Volume
Authors: Hamill Chelsea S. , Cabrera Claudia I , Murthy Henna , Mowry Sarah , Maronian Nicole , Tamaki Akina
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Evaluate resident perception on implementation of a night float (NF) system to an otolaryngology residency program. We compared these perceptions to Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case log data.

Methods

A retrospective anonymous survey was sent to residents and alumni graduating between 2015 and 2023. Deidentified ACGME case log information was then examined for key indicator (KI) cases from post graduate year (PGY) 2 and PGY5.

Results

Thirty (93.8%) residents and alumni responded. Residents with NF answered more positively compared to those without NF on following duty hour violations: 80‐hour work week, 1‐in‐7 days off, 1 call every 3 days, adequate time between shifts, and allotted time after a 24‐hour shift. Residents most commonly agreed that NF has improved patient care, resident education, and resident morale. Although residents with NF were neutral on PGY2 case volume effects, they disagreed that it affected overall case volume. The only KIs that differed for both PGY2 and PGY5s were airway cases (P = .004 vs P = .002) and bronchoscopy (P = .02 vs P = .006), which were significantly higher for those with NF. Thyroid surgery was the only KI higher for the residents without NF and spanned all PGY levels.

Conclusion

Residents and alumni agreed that NF implementation had a positive effect on duty hour violations. The NF system does not have significant impact on case volume.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:2211–2218, 2021
Factors and Outcomes Associated With Temporal Bone Resection for Primary Parotid Malignancy
Authors: Tanavde Ved A. , Broderick Joseph , Windon Melina J. , Fakhry Carole , Stewart Charles Matthew , Eisele David W. , Creighton Francis X.
Published: April 2021

Objective(s)

Although parotid cancer invading into the temporal bone makes up only a small fraction of all parotid cancers, it is more common and relatively understudied compared with primary cancer of the external auditory canal. The objective of this study was to determine what factors are associated with receiving parotidectomy with temporal bone resection (TBR) and the immediate postoperative outcomes.

Methods

We reviewed the National Cancer Database (2004–2015) for patients with primary parotid malignancy who received parotidectomy with or without TBR. Patient demographic, clinical, and perioperative variables were collected and then compared. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with receiving TBR.

Results

We identified 134 patients who received parotidectomy with TBR and 16,595 who received parotidectomy only. Reported in terms of odds ratios (95% confidence interval), our multivariate model showed having surgery at an academic facility (1.91 [1.34–2.71], P < .001), clinical stage III or IV (7.48 [1.65–33.96] and 31.37 [7.61–129.32], P = .009 and P < .001, respectively), histologic grade II to IV (4.36 [1.51–12.57], 4.31 [1.53–12.15], and 6.74 [2.26–20.13], P = .006, .006, and .001, respectively), and adenoid cystic histology (3.23 [2.02–5.17], P < .001) were significantly and independently associated with receiving TBR. There was no significant difference in 30‐day readmission, or 30‐day or 90‐day mortality, but the rate of positive surgical margins was significantly higher in those who underwent TBR.

Conclusion

Demographic variables are not significant factors for receiving TBR. Tumor characteristics, such as clinical stage and histologic type, and receiving surgical treatment at an academic facility were more strongly associated with receiving TBR.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2461–E2468, 2021
Identification of steel corrosion in alkaline sulfate solution by electrochemical noise
Authors: Permeh Samanbar , Lau Kingsley , Duncan Matthew , Simmons Ron
Published: April 2021

Research on the effects of sulfate ions on steel corrosion has been conducted in response to the observations of premature localized corrosion of steel strands in cementitious grouts in posttensioned bridge construction. Electrochemical noise (EN) was shown to be an effective technique to assess the development of localized corrosion of steel in the alkaline sulfate solution. General statistics of the EN potential and current time signatures revealed the negative effect of elevated sulfate concentrations and the development of pitting events. Spectral analysis indicated an increase in the characteristic charge and decrease in characteristic frequency with sulfate ion concentration, whereas an increase in the overall corrosion rate was observed, indicating the development of pitting corrosion. Pitting events could be sustained in solutions above 10 g Na2SO4/L H2O and more extensive localized corrosion developed above 20 g Na2SO4/L H2O.
Tremors: A concept analysis
Authors: Cooley Coleman Jessica A. , Sarasua Sara M. , Boccuto Luigi , Moore Hannah W. , Skinner Steven A. , DeLuca Jane M.
Published: April 2021

Aim

This article seeks to clarify and define the concept of tremors.

Design

The Walker & Avant (2005) concept analysis method was followed.

Methods

A search of PubMed, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, ERIC, Google and Google Scholar was performed.

Results

Through this process, uses of the concept were assessed including definitions and categories of tremors. Defining attributes were found to include “movement disorder,” “shaking motions,” “involuntary,” “oscillatory,” “rhythmic,” “not painful or life threatening,” “always present but variable” and “can sometimes be repressed.” We identified two model cases and a borderline case, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents (including measurement tools) of tremors.

Conclusion

The concept analysis process has clarified and illuminated an operational definition of tremors: that tremors are a movement disorder characterized by shaking motions that are involuntary, oscillatory, rhythmic, non‐painful, always present although vary in severity, and can be repressed by changing posture or going into a rest position.
A study of factors that predict novice nurses’ perceived ability to provide care in acute situations
Authors: Sterner Anders , Ramstrand Nerrolyn , Palmér Lina , Hagiwara Magnus Andersson
Published: April 2021

Aims

To explore factors that predict novice nurses’ trust in their ability to provide care in acute situations and identify factors that are related to their perceived ability to make clinical judgements in acute situations.

Design

Exploratory cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Novice nurses employed within somatic care in Swedish hospitals completed an online survey. Univariate analysis facilitated exploration of the data and identification of predictor variables with the greatest association with: (1) trust in their own ability (one item) and (2) ability to make clinical judgements (four items). Multivariate binary logistic regression modelling was used to model the likelihood of outcomes based on each predictor variable.

Results

The two most important predictors related to trust in ability to provide care were duration of work experience and participation in acute situations during nursing education. For clinical judgement, duration of work experience was significant in all four models and experience of acute situations post‐graduation was significant in two models.
Versatile surface modification of millimeter‐scale “aqueous pearls” with nanoparticles via self‐polymerization of dopamine
Authors: Huang Leping , Mu Xiaoqing , Huang Wei , Guo Qing , Zhao Jinchao
Published: April 2021

The millimeter‐scale calcium alginate aqueous core capsules (mm‐CaSA‐Caps), which own high entrapment efficiency and excellent biocompatibility, have broad applications in food additives and drug delivery. However, due to pH sensitivity and thermal instability of Ca‐alginate, many chemical modifications with intense conditions are hardly conducted on the mm‐CaSA‐Caps. In this work, layer‐by‐layer assembly coating on the surface of the mm‐CaSA‐Caps was proceeded with in situ self‐polymerization of dopamine (DA) and nanoparticles under mild conditions. The colorless and transparent mm‐CaSA‐Caps became beautiful dark “pearls” of polydopamine (PDA) modified mm‐CaSA‐Caps (mm‐PDA@CaSA‐Caps), which had uniform coating of PDA. Obviously, deposition of PDA on mm‐CaSA‐Caps accelerated with higher concentration of DA, weak alkali condition of pH = 8.5, and oxidant of sodium periodate. Water retention ratio of mm‐PDA@CaSA‐Caps also increased because of the PDA coating. The nanoparticles were easily coated on the mm‐PDA@CaSA‐Caps due to the strong adhesive property of PDA. Two‐dimensional laminar montmorillonites were adhered to mm‐PDA@CaSA‐Caps, which lead to better barrier property of capsules than that of the one‐dimensional linear multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified capsules. It was ascribed to increasing of the path length of water by sheet‐like morphology of montmorillonites. This work provided a versatile path for enhancement of barrier property of millimeter‐scale hydrogel capsules.
Prenatal chromosome microarray: ‘The UK experience’. A survey of reporting practices in UK genetic services (2012–2019)
Authors: Patterson Jenny , Wellesley Diana , Morgan Sian , Cilliers Deirdre , Allen Stephanie , Gardiner Carol A ,   Fetal Genomics Steering Group,   UK Clinical Genetics Lead Clinician Group,   UK Heads of Genetics Laboratory Group
Published: April 2021

Background

The value of chromosome microarray (CMA) in the prenatal detection of significant chromosome anomalies is well‐established. To guide the introduction of this technique in routine clinical practice, the Joint Committee on Genomics in Medicine developed national UK guidelines for reporting prenatal CMA in 2015.

Objective

To evaluate the UK experience of utilising prenatal CMA.

Method

A 36‐item survey was distributed to all UK clinical genetics services (n = 23) in March 2019 requesting information pertaining to experience since diagnostic testing commenced and current practice (March 2018 to March 2019).

Results

Eighteen UK genetics services currently offer prenatal CMA. A total of 14,554 tests had been performed. A pathogenic copy number variant was identified in 7.8% of tests overall, though the diagnostic rate increased to 8.4% in the final year of the survey. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were reported in 0.7% of tests, and ‘actionable’ incidental findings in 0.12%.

Conclusion

Diagnostic rate has improved over time, while reporting of VUS has decreased. Reviewing survey responses at a national level highlights variation in testing experience and practice, raising considerations both for future guideline development and implementation of other novel techniques including prenatal whole exome sequencing.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of lefamulin after single intravenous dose administration in subjects with impaired renal function and those requiring hemodialysis
Authors: Wicha Wolfgang W. , Marbury Thomas C. , Dowell James A. , Crandon Jared L. , Leister Cathie , Ermer James , Gelone Steven P.
Published: April 2021

Study Objective

Lefamulin is a novel IV and oral pleuromutilin recently approved for the treatment of community‐acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). Given that renal comorbidities are common in patients admitted for CABP, understanding the pharmacokinetics of lefamulin in the face of severe renal impairment, including those requiring hemodialysis, is needed.

Design

Open‐label, Phase‐1 pharmacokinetic study.

Setting

Research Study Center.

Patients

Twenty‐three matched subjects were included, seven with “Normal” renal function (creatinine clearance >90 ml/min), eight with “Severe” renal impairment (glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min/1.73 m2), and eight subjects requiring hemodialysis.

Measurements and Main Results

Subjects were administered a single dose of lefamulin IV 150 mg as a 1‐h infusion. Subjects in the hemodialysis group started hemodialysis within 1 h after lefamulin infusion (On dialysis), as well as, on a non‐dialysis day (Off dialysis). Plasma, urine, and dialysate fluid were collected for 36 h and analyzed for lefamulin and its major metabolite, BC‐8041. Lefamulin was primarily excreted non‐renally across groups. Statistical analyses revealed lefamulin and BC‐8041 pharmacokinetics were similar between Normal and Severe groups, except for renal clearance, which decreased in Severe subjects (mean 1.3 L/h Normal vs. 0.4 L/h Severe). Likewise, lefamulin pharmacokinetics during on and off dialysis were unchanged, with lefamulin not measurably filtered in dialysate fluid. Two, three, and three subjects reported drug‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAE) in Normal, Severe, and Hemodialysis groups, respectively. All TEAEs were mild, except one (infusion‐site reaction) that was classified as moderate.

Conclusion

No dosage adjustment is required for patients with renal impairment, and lefamulin can be administered without regard to hemodialysis timing.
Reducing distress and depression in cancer patients during survivorship
Authors: Molinaro Jessica , Banerjee Anjishnu , Lyndon Stanley , Slocum Sarah , Danhieux‐Poole Carrie , Restivo‐Pritzl Christine , Uselmann Ann Marie , Wallace Lyndsey , Knight Jennifer M.
Published: April 2021

Objective

Distress and depression are prevalent in cancer patients throughout survivorship and are associated with adverse outcomes. This study examines the association between outpatient psycho‐oncology treatment and distress and depression in cancer patients.

Methods

This is a prospective observational study of adult patients with a primary diagnosis of cancer referred for psycho‐oncology services. Patients were seen for two psycho‐oncology visits in a single clinical setting with various qualified providers. Patients completed the distress thermometer and problem checklist (DT + PL) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) at the beginning of their first and second visits and repeated the DT at the end of these visits.

Results

The analysis included 174 patients seen once and 69 patients seen twice. Patients were seen on average 2.5 years after diagnosis. Both visits were associated with significant reductions in distress (5.56 before and 3.85 after for visit 1, p < 0.001; 4.92 before and 3.43 after for visit 2, p < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in distress from baseline to after visit 2 (p < 0.001). Depression scores significantly decreased from the first to second visits (8.79–7.57; p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Psycho‐oncology services were associated with significant reductions in distress and depression, with scores after services no longer meeting criteria for clinically significant distress (DT scores ≥ 4) and depression (PHQ‐9 scores ≥ 8) as they did at baseline. Reductions in distress and depression were not significantly associated with provider type, intervention or timing of diagnosis. These findings support the use of psycho‐oncology services in cancer patients throughout survivorship.
Emotional problem‐related distress screening and its prevalence by cancer type: Assessment by patients' characteristics and level of assistance requested
Authors: Bergerot Cristiane Decat , Razavi Marianne , Clark Karen Lynn , Philip Errol J , Pal Sumanta Kumar , Loscalzo Matthew , Dale William
Published: April 2021

Objective

Emotional problem‐related distress is a common issue faced by patients with cancer. However, patients suffering with this emotional burden do not typically seek assistance. This study sought to determine the prevalence of emotional problem‐related distress by cancer type, and identify factors correlated with the level of assistance requested.

Methods

Using the SupportScreen®, patients were screened for emotional problem‐related distress at their first or second visit to an NCI designated Comprehensive Cancer Center. General Linear Model was used to test the association between emotional problem‐related distress and type of cancer, and the relationship between level of assistance requested and patients' characteristics.

Results

A total of 2,421 patients were included in this analysis. Patients were mostly female (62%), diagnosed with breast (24%), gynecological (16%) or gastrointestinal (15%) cancers. Highest levels of emotional problem‐related distress were reported by patients diagnosed with lung, gynecological, breast and gastrointestinal cancers. Level of assistance requested were significantly associated with problem‐related distress scores (p < 0.001), which were higher among patients with lower household incomes (p < 0.001) and Spanish as primary language (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Our study found an association between Level of assistance requested and emotional problem‐related distress, which were heightened by lower income and Spanish‐speaking. Intervention strategies should be considered to increase access to psychosocial support services.
Sex peptide receptor mediates the post‐mating switch in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) female reproductive behavior
Authors: Liu Shuai , Li Bin , Liu Wei , Liu Yang , Ren Bingzhong , Wang Guirong
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

In Drosophila, the sex peptide receptor (SPR) in females to detect male sex peptide (SP) and trigger changes in female behavior including mating rejection and oviposition. In moths, the SPR had been identified and investigated the limited function by using RNA interference (RNAi). However, the detailed function of SPR after a normal mating in moths, especially the role in female sexual receptivity, remains to be elucidated.

RESULTS

In this study, we use Helicoverpa armigera, an economically important pest worldwide, as a case study to verify the function of SPR in vivo by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. Analyzing the post‐mating behaviors in mutant females, we investigated that HarmSPR could mediate the long‐term sexual receptivity (remating, sex pheromone production and calling behavior) switch in female, but not affect the short‐term sexual receptivity and the duration time of remating. The oviposition of mated HarmSPR−/− females was significantly decreased by ~70% comparing to wild‐type (WT) mated females and there were more eggs staying in the ovary of mutant females. SPR also showed effect on female longevity, which is that the mated HarmSPR−/− females showed longer longevity than mated WT females.

CONCLUSION

The results detailedly demonstrated the functional role of SPR in female post‐mating behaviors and we could propose a pest control strategy in which developing an antagonist of SPR to reduce the oviposition of female. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Noise Robustness and Experimental Demonstration of a Quantum Generative Adversarial Network for Continuous Distributions
Authors: Anand Abhinav , Romero Jonathan , Degroote Matthias , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán
Published: April 2021

The potential advantage of machine learning in quantum computers is a topic of intense discussion in the literature. Theoretical, numerical, and experimental explorations will most likely be required to understand its power. There have been different algorithms proposed to exploit the probabilistic nature of variational quantum circuits for generative modeling. In this paper, a hybrid architecture for quantum generative adversarial networks (QGANs) is employed and their robustness in the presence of noise is studied. A simple way of adding different types of noise to the quantum generator circuit is devised, and the noisy hybrid QGANs (HQGANs) are simulated numerically to learn continuous probability distributions, and to show that the performance of HQGANs remains unaffected. The effect of different parameters on the training time is also investigated to reduce the computational scaling of the algorithm and simplify its deployment on a quantum computer. The training on Rigetti's Aspen‐4‐2Q‐A quantum processing unit is then performed, and the results from the training are presented. The authors' results pave the way for experimental exploration of different quantum machine learning algorithms on noisy intermediate‐scale quantum devices.
Making Independent Decisions Together: Rational Emotions in Legal Adjudication
Authors: Bergman Blix Stina
Published: April 2021

This article analyzes rational decision‐making in court as an emotive‐cognitive process formed in and through social interaction. Current theoretical perspectives have shown how emotion and thought are intertwined in the workings of the human brain but have seldom elaborated on the contextual and structural features of rational‐emotional decision‐making. I propose a model that maps emotional processes and emotional management demands to the temporally extended, stepwise process of rational‐legal decision‐making. I show that (a) the bounded structure of the decision‐making process actualizes different emotive‐cognitive complexes at different stages and (b) the demand for objectivity in rational decision‐making calls for parallel emotional processes and subject positions to remain independent while sustaining social cohesion.
How dark is the νR-philic dark photon?
Authors: Chauhan Garv , Xu Xun-Jie
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We consider a generic dark photon that arises from a hidden U(1) gauge symmetry imposed on right-handed neutrinos (νR). Such a νR-philic dark photon is naturally dark due to the absence of tree-level couplings to normal matter. However, loop-induced couplings to charged leptons and quarks are inevitable, provided that νR mix with left-handed neutrinos via Dirac mass terms. We investigate the loop-induced couplings and find that the νR-philic dark photon is not inaccessibly dark, which could be of potential importance to future dark photon searches at SHiP, FASER, Belle-II, LHC 14 TeV, etc.