bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Properties of Fine Motor Function Measure in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Rasch Analysis
Authors: Peng Kanglong , Liu Guixiang , Wang Jinggang , Chen Turong
Published: August 2024

Our study utilized Rasch Analysis to examine the psychometric properties of 61-items fine motor function measure (FMFM) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Partial credit model (PCM) was utilized to test the reliability and validity of FMFM. The response pattern of this samples displayed acceptable fitness to PCM. The analysis results supported the assumption of 1-dimensionality of FMFM. Disordered category thresholds were found in 30 items. Differential item functioning (DIF) was detected in 23 items. Participants with different CP subtypes in different age groups may perform in differently responses patterns. The Rasch analysis produces reliable evidence to support the clinical application of FMFM. Some items may produce inaccurate measurements originated from category structures. Difference in age groups and symptom topography may be associated with variation in fine motor ability among children with CP and leading to unnecessary assessment bias. Hence, FMFM items need modifications to calibrate the former item formulation.
Experiences of Family Peer Advocates Supporting Black Families Raising Autistic Children
Authors: Pearson Jamie N. , Manns Lonnie D. C. , Stewart-Ginsburg Jared H. , Mason Martin DeVoshia L. , Johnson Janelle A.
Published: August 2024

Professionals play an important role in when and how families access autism services. Black families often experience disparate access to autism services compared to White families. Family Peer Advocates (FPAs) are professionals who have personal experience with the diagnostic process, school-based supports, and community-based services, and provide training and support to families. Understanding the experiences of FPAs may help researchers and practitioners better address the needs of Black autistic children and their families. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore FPAs’ experiences providing autism-related services and resources for Black families with autistic children. We conducted focus groups with 32 FPAs from two agencies in one southeastern state. Three themes emerged from our inductive data analysis regarding FPA experiences: (a) serving multiple roles; (b) working with “zero resources”; and (c) variations in racial responsivity. Given our findings, we call for FPAs to ensure they are considering and responding to the intersecting impact of race on families’ experiences with autism diagnosis and services.
Food Insecurity, Dependency, Islamist Elites in Sudan: The Genesis of the ‘Sudanese Disease’ as a Syndrome of Wealth and War (1989–2011)
Authors: Langa-Herrero Alfredo
Published: August 2024

This article examines the different aspects that converge to explain food insecurity in the Republic of Sudan from 1989 to the secession of the southern states in 2011. Two phases of the 1989–2011 period are analysed, and within these, three fundamental aspects of the Sudanese scenario: the role of political and social elites, economic dependence and food insecurity. The latter is a corollary of the two previous aspects. Consequently, the successive wars in Sudan cannot be understood with a simple and partial approach. Dependency and permanent repression have crystallised as essential elements of the exercise of power by the Islamist elites in order to understand food insecurity in most Sudanese regions in the last decade of the 20th and early 21st centuries. The three aspects mentioned above also give shape to a phenomenon or syndrome and a concept that is not only specific to Sudan, but which has clearly materialised in Sudan: the ‘Sudanese disease’.
Association between Periodontal Diseases and the Risk of Site-Specific Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Q. , Gu W.-J. , Ning F.-L. , Sun M. , Zhao Z.-M.g , Abe M.u , Li Z.-N. , Zhang C.-D.
Published: August 2024

The association between periodontal diseases and the risk of gastrointestinal cancers, especially site-specific gastrointestinal cancers, remains unclear. Here, we comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception to April 2024 to identify relevant studies. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the robustness of the main findings in different populations. This study was reported according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. In total, we identified 19 studies, including 16.6 million participants. Individuals with periodontal diseases had an increased risk of overall gastrointestinal cancers compared with those without periodontal diseases (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.16–1.49). Periodontal diseases significantly increased the risk of esophageal cancer by 39% (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.15–1.68), gastric cancer by 13% (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01–1.26), colorectal cancer by 21% (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.39), pancreatic cancer by 35% (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.00–1.82), and liver cancer by 9% (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04–1.13). The risk of gastrointestinal cancers was significantly increased by periodontitis (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.14–1.85), gingivitis (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04), and periodontitis/gingivitis (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.07–1.51). Furthermore, severe periodontal diseases showed a significantly increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.07–2.99). Results of sensitivity analyses for site-specific gastrointestinal cancers were robust with the main findings. In summary, periodontal diseases, especially severe periodontitis, increase the risk of overall and site-specific gastrointestinal cancers. Interventions to prevent and manage periodontal diseases may reduce the risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers.
Engineered 3D Periodontal Ligament Model with Magnetic Tensile Loading
Authors: Mulimani P. , Mazzawi N.A. , Goldstein A.J. , Obenaus A.M. , Baggett S.M. , Truong D. , Popowics T.E. , Sniadecki N.J.
Published: August 2024

In vitro models are invaluable tools for deconstructing the biological complexity of the periodontal ligament (PDL). Model systems that closely reproduce the 3-dimensional (3D) configuration of cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions in native tissue can deliver physiologically relevant insights. However, 3D models of the PDL that incorporate mechanical loading are currently lacking. Hence, we developed a model where periodontal tissue constructs (PTCs) are made by casting PDL cells in a collagen gel suspended between a pair of slender, silicone posts for magnetic tensile loading. Specifically, one of the posts was rigid and the other was flexible with a magnet embedded in its tip so that PTCs could be subjected to tensile loading with an external magnet. Additionally, the deflection of the flexible post could be used to measure the contractile force of PDL cells in the PTCs. Prior to tensile loading, second harmonics generation analysis of collagen fibers in PTCs revealed that incorporation of PDL cells resulted in collagen remodeling. Biomechanical testing of PTCs by tensile loading revealed an elastic response at 4 h, permanent deformation by 1 d, and creep elongation by 1 wk. Subsequently, contractile forces of PDL cells were substantially lower for PTCs under tensile loading. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that tensile loading caused PDL cells to increase in number, express higher levels of F-actin and α–smooth muscle actin, and become aligned to the tensile axis. Second harmonics generation analysis indicated that collagen fibers in PTCs progressively remodeled over time with tensile loading. Gene expression analysis also confirmed tension-mediated upregulation of the F-actin/Rho pathway and osteogenic genes. Our model is novel in demonstrating the mechanobiological behavior that results in cell-mediated remodeling of the PDL tissue in a 3D context. Hence, it can be a valuable tool to develop therapeutics for periodontitis, periodontal regeneration, and orthodontics.
Reframing approaches to workplace violence towards Pacific homecare workers in New Zealand and Australia
Authors: Ofe-Grant Maulupeivao Betty , Ravenswood Katherine , Macdonald Fiona
Published: August 2024

In Australia and New Zealand there is an emerging focus on the problems of violence and harassment for the large, feminised workforces of care and support workers in homecare settings. However, much of this research does not consider the power dynamics of workplaces and socio-political influences that impact how workers are supported when facing WPV. This is of particular concern in relation to the growing proportion of Pacific workers in Australia and New Zealand, many of whom have temporary migrant status. Using a narrative review method, we find that extant research largely fails to address the experiences of Pacific homecare workers, and that this, and the lack of attention to Pacific workers in practice, is informed by racist norms and attitudes based on historic and current labour market and migration policies. Drawing on socio-ecological models of workplace violence (WPV), we propose a research and policy analytical framework of WPV that centres Pacific voices and culture to better mitigate and prevent Pacific homecare workers’ experiences of WPV.
Reclaiming synodality
Authors: Avis Paul
Published: August 2024

Against the background of the inveterate politicization and polarization of synodical practice, this article aims to reclaim synodality as a spiritual pathway, in the spirit of Pope Francis’s current initiative. It argues that participation in synodality is the birthright of Christians and that the widest consultation is mandated. Synodality calls for an organic model of the church that is inimical to hierarchy and top-down forms of leadership. Synodality, so understood, has the potential to revitalize the church, not least in evangelization.
Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Self-esteem Among Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Ayed Ahmad , Abu Ejheisheh Moath , Batran Ahmad , Albashtawy Mohammed , Salameh Waed A. , Obeyat Alaa H. , Melhem Riham H. , Shawawrha Iman O. , Batran Ali
Published: August 2024

Social anxiety disorder is the third most common disorder in the general population. Social phobia has a significant impact on nursing colleagues’ self-esteem. The purpose of the current study was to assess social anxiety and its relation to self-esteem among nursing students. The study was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 231 nursing students through a convenience sampling method. The instruments of the study included “Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN)” and the “Rosenberg self-esteem scale.” The results indicated that the social anxiety mean was 15.1 ± 11.1 (ranging from 0 to 68) and the self-esteem was 19.9 ± 4.5 (ranging from 0 to 30). The current study indicates that female and social anxiety are predictors of self-esteem among nursing students. Also, the present study concludes that lower social anxiety is associated significantly with higher self-esteem among Palestinian undergraduate nursing students ( r = −.35, P < .001). The study concludes that there are inverse correlation between social anxiety and self-esteem among Palestinian undergraduate nursing students. Even though most students showed modest levels of social anxiety and normal self-esteem.
London Bridge: A History of Urban Survival
Authors: Munro Douglas , Cooper Randolf
Published: August 2024

United Kingdom artifacts have long held fascination in other parts of the world. However, none as large as the London Bridge have managed to evolve, transform, and survive for 2,000 years. The 1831 version of the bridge was purchased in 1968 and moved to the desert of Arizona in the United States where it serves as a major tourist attraction. How that came to occur is only the end story of how a bridge became more a symbol of national heritage than a mere passage across the Thames, how its iconic status drove its evolution, how economic growth impacted its viability, how unfortunate engineering decisions led to its earlier than necessary replacement, and how the timing of reconstruction shaped its composition. This paper traces the history of the 1831 London Bridge and argues that it is a historical accident the bridge was even offered for sale to the Americans.
Minding the gap between public administration curriculum and practice: The studio of public reasoning
Authors: Şahin Savaş Zafer
Published: August 2024

It has always been a crucial question as to what kind of education should be provided to practitioners working at different levels of public administration, starting from the street level onwards, and what kind of interactions should be used to develop their competencies once in office. However, especially in the last 30 years, as we have entered a period of accelerating technological and institutional transformations, this issue has gained a dimension beyond the discussions on higher education and training for service. In addition to how public administration education will relate to practice as seen in traditional debates, new questions have emerged, such as how this engagement with practice can provide a perspective on institutional transformation, how those working in institutions can perceive their transformation processes more accurately, and ultimately, what kind of interaction can be achieved between those receiving public administration education and those working in public institutions. To answer these questions, an innovative model called “studio of public reasoning” was developed in 2009 for a university in public administration education in Turkey to create a platform for interaction with the external stakeholders of the university through an applied course. This Program has been implemented continuously for 15 years at the same university and more than 1000 students, about 100 public institutions of different scales and about 300 public administrators have benefited from the Program. In this paper, based on this experience, the gains of innovative teaching practices in public administration discipline in interacting with external stakeholders are critically evaluated through interviews with students, academics and administrators to assess whether alternatives are possible in establishing non-hierarchical external stakeholder interaction together with formal higher education for public administration.
Implementation Study of “Building Resilience,” Including Positive Psychology Interventions and Positive Emotion Regulation Training in Patients With Severe Mental Illness in an Adult Outpatient Psychiatric Mental Health Setting: An Exploratory Clinical Trial
Authors: Holmedal Byrne Karin , Gustafsson Berit M.
Published: August 2024

Deficits in positive emotion regulation skills may be an important factor in the development and maintenance of anxiety and mood disorders. A treatment, which includes strategies to build and strengthen positive emotion regulation skills has been provided to patients primarily diagnosed with an anxiety and or mood disorder in an adult mental health outpatient service setting. To study the effects on positive and negative emotion, emotion regulation skills, emotional disorder symptoms, quality of life, and wellbeing during a new developed treatment. An exploratory clinical trial was used to conduct a preliminary assessment of a novel intervention. The intervention was provided in a group format over a 6-week period and independent practice over an 8-week period. Outcome variables were assessed pre- and post-treatment and at a 2-month follow up. Life quality, subjective wellbeing ratings, depressive and anxiety symptoms improved at follow up. The data suggests that the intervention may have the potential to produce desired change in positive emotion regulation. Preliminary findings suggest the intervention can have beneficial effects. These findings are promising and support the possibility that disturbances in positive emotion regulation may be a generative target for treatment research.
Pathologic Status of Tissue Around the Malleus Handle Tip in Endoscopic Tympanoplasty: Potential Impact on Surgical Decisions
Authors: Huang Li-Li , Ji Yan-Ping , Jing Yan-Jun , Xiao Fu , Lyu JiHan , Huang Yi-Bo , Ren Dong-Dong
Published: August 2024

Objectives: To avoid postoperatively acquired cholesteatoma, whether there was any squamous epithelial tissues residue around the tip of the malleus handle, and the need to remove these tissues were explored. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 197 patients who underwent endoscopic tympanoplasty. A postoperative pathological evaluation of the tissue around the tip of the malleus handle was performed to determine the presence of squamous epithelium. Analyzed correlation of epithelial remnants with exposure of malleus handle and microbial infection of middle ear. Results: The detection rate of squamous epithelial retention around the tip of the malleus handle differed significantly among patients with adhesive otitis media (AdOM), acquired cholesteatoma, and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). The detection rate was significantly higher in the acquired cholesteatoma group than in the AdOM and CSOM groups ( P < .001). The rate of squamous epithelial retention around the tip of the malleus handle was not significantly associated with microbial infection of the middle ear, the surgical side ( P = .672), dry or wet ear status ( P = .702), or exposure of the malleus handle ( P = .06). Conclusions: In patients with acquired cholesteatoma, AdOM, or COM with severe tympanic sclerosis, the tissue around the tip of the malleus handle should be removed completely. For patients with simple COM, that is, without tympanic sclerosis or keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium at the edge of the perforation, the tissue can be retained.
The Intention of Professionals Using Virtual Reality in Training Vocational Skills for Individuals With Disabilities
Authors: Lo Hui-Shan , Chen Cheng-Ming , Hong Jon-Chao , Wu Ting-Fang
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the current study was to develop an appropriate model to represent the relationships among the factors relating to the intention of vocational training professionals to use virtual reality vocational training systems for persons with disabilities. A questionnaire based on the theory of the value-based adoption model was used to collect data from 59 professionals working in vocational training for persons with disabilities. The results indicated that the usefulness and enjoyment positively related to perceived value, and perceived value had a direct effect on the intention of vocational training professionals. Usefulness and enjoyment had a positive impact on intention through perceived value. The model could explain 66% of intention for vocational training professionals. The findings demonstrate that vocational training professionals’ perceived value may be a determinant factor in using VR as a vocational skills training tool, and that usefulness and enjoyment are mediated through perceived value.
Nature's artfulness in Dryden and Davenant’s The Tempest, or The Enchanted Island (1667)
Authors: Calvi Lisanna
Published: August 2024

First staged in 1667, John Dryden and William Davenant's The Tempest was a London hit. As its Shakespearean hypotext, this play possesses a metatheatrical quality and aims at uncovering rather than enhancing the fictionality of stage action. Delight comes from stage machinery but also from the characterisation of Prospero's two daughters and foster son. Their naive approach to life is in fact artificially natural and deliberately exposes the mechanisms of poetic and stage art. The article explores this contrast also showing how it offers both a meditation on poetic creation and a female gendered weapon against Prospero's failing role and rhetoric.
The liminality of the garden: A comparative study of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet and Tang Xianzu's The Peony Pavilion
Authors: Wang Huimin
Published: August 2024

This article explores the liminality of the garden through a comparative study of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet and a coeval Chinese play, The Peony Pavilion ( mŭ dān tíng, 牡丹亭, 1598) by Tang Xianzu (汤显祖). It studies the garden as a liminal space between art and nature as well as between dream and reality: an exploration of plant symbolism and allegory in English and Chinese cultures indicates how the garden has been eroticised and politicised in the human imagination. It adopts a cross-cultural perspective, aiming to shed light on the undiscovered aspects in previous parallel studies of each play.
Moderating effect of chief executive officer servant leadership on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance
Authors: Chaudhary Sanjay , Gupta Vishal K , Singla Chitra
Published: August 2024

Although entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is widely believed to benefit firms, it is increasingly considered necessary but insufficient for achieving superior firm performance. To better understand the circumstances under which EO is beneficial for firms, we adopt a resource-based perspective to introduce chief executive officer (CEO) servant leadership as a critical moderator of the EO–performance relationship. We validate our predictions using multi-point data from 170 small firms in India. The results reveal that three servant leadership behaviours – altruistic calling, wisdom and emotional healing – strengthen the EO–performance relationship. Furthermore, consistent with systems logic, the performance benefits of EO are found to be greater when the CEO servant leadership is closer to an ‘ideal’ configuration of behaviours. Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of CEO leadership behaviours in fully actualising EO’s performance potential, thus illuminating the importance of aligning a firm’s strategic posture with other constructs of interest.
Bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion during hypothermic circulatory arrest before sternal reentry for aortic pseudoaneurysm repair
Authors: Shah Vishal N. , Chen Joshua R. , Guba Jonathan , Ebbott David , Plestis Konstadinos A.
Published: August 2024

Sternal reentry for repair of aortic pseudoaneurysms poses a unique technical challenge to prevent exsanguination. Initiation of peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest prior to reentry are the cornerstones of a successful surgical approach. Adjunctive bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion increases safe arrest time and reduces neurologic morbidity. Herein, we describe our safe reentry technique for aortic pseudoaneurysm repair in two patients.
Cumulative Ecological Risk and Academic Performance of Economically Disadvantaged Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Shu Zhan , Peng Shenli , Li Zhihua
Published: August 2024

This study explored the association between cumulative ecological risk and academic achievement among adolescents from economically disadvantaged families and the mediating role of coping style and moderating effect of grit on this relationship. We recruited a sample of 509 students from economically disadvantaged families (classified as below the local income threshold) from Hunan Province, China. We conducted three surveys over two years (October 2018–October 2020). The results revealed that (1) cumulative ecological risk has a negative impact on the academic achievement of adolescents from families; (2) coping styles mediate the association between cumulative ecological risk and academic performance; and (3) grit can buffer the impact of cumulative ecological risk on one’s way of coping, but the buffering effect of grit diminishes as the level of cumulative ecological risk increases.
The Conditional Effects of the Transformational Leadership Behaviors on Leaders’ Emotional Exhaustion: Roles of Deep Acting and Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Ejaz Aqsa , Quratulain Samina , Aulakh Ashiq Hussain , Cando-Naranjo Jose , Sabharwal Meghna
Published: August 2024

This study used the model of emotional labor as emotion regulation to examine the indirect effect of transformational leadership behaviors on leaders’ emotional exhaustion through leaders’ deep acting. Further, it is hypothesized that this indirect effect varies depending on the level of leaders’ emotional intelligence. The sample included 230 leader-follower dyads working in public sector organizations in Pakistan. The results of the regression analysis showed that deep acting behaviors mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and emotional exhaustion, but only for leaders with low levels of emotional intelligence. These findings highlight the importance and relevance of emotional intelligence in managing emotions and maintaining emotional well-being among transformational leaders in the public sector. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our study in the manuscript.
Multi-visual-inertial system: Analysis, calibration, and estimation
Authors: Yang Yulin , Geneva Patrick , Huang Guoquan
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we study state estimation of multi-visual-inertial systems (MVIS) and develop sensor fusion algorithms to optimally fuse an arbitrary number of asynchronous inertial measurement units (IMUs) or gyroscopes and global and/or rolling shutter cameras. We are especially interested in the full calibration of the associated visual-inertial sensors, including the IMU/camera intrinsics and the IMU-IMU/camera spatiotemporal extrinsics as well as the image readout time of rolling-shutter cameras (if used). To this end, we develop a new analytic combined IMU integration with inertial intrinsics—termed ACI3—to pre-integrate IMU measurements, which is leveraged to fuse auxiliary IMUs and/or gyroscopes alongside a base IMU. We model the multi-inertial measurements to include all the necessary inertial intrinsic and IMU-IMU spatiotemporal extrinsic parameters, while leveraging IMU-IMU rigid-body constraints to eliminate the necessity of auxiliary inertial poses and thus reducing computational complexity. By performing observability analysis of MVIS, we prove that the standard four unobservable directions remain—no matter how many inertial sensors are used, and also identify, for the first time, degenerate motions for IMU-IMU spatiotemporal extrinsics and auxiliary inertial intrinsics. In addition to extensive simulations that validate our analysis and algorithms, we have built our own MVIS sensor rig and collected over 25 real-world datasets to experimentally verify the proposed calibration against the state-of-the-art calibration method Kalibr. We show that the proposed MVIS calibration is able to achieve competing accuracy with improved convergence and repeatability, which is open sourced to better benefit the community.
Cytokeratin AE1/AE3 immunolabeling in epithelioid hemangiosarcoma
Authors: Barrantes Murillo Daniel Felipe , Negrão Watanabe Tatiane Terumi , Wiener Dominique J. , Miller Andrew , Rissi Daniel R. , Sandey Maninder
Published: August 2024

Epithelioid hemangiosarcoma (EH), a rare histological variant of hemangiosarcoma, is reported in various animal species, including humans, dogs, cows, horses, and cats. Epithelioid hemangiosarcomas are composed of highly pleomorphic epithelioid cells arranged in cords, islands, nests, or solid cellular areas, similar to epithelial neoplasms. Moreover, in humans, approximately 50% of EHs have cytoplasmic immunolabeling for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (CK AE1/AE3), making it challenging to distinguish them from carcinomas. This retrospective study assessed the CK AE1/AE3 immunolabeling in canine EH cases from 5 veterinary institutions. Immunohistochemistry for CD31 and CK AE1/AE3 was performed on 30 cases. CK AE1/AE3 immunolabeling was detected in 43% (13/30) of cases, with cytoplasmic labeling ranging from 5% to 100% of neoplastic cells. All tumors consistently had membranous immunolabeling for CD31. The CK AE1/AE3 immunolabeling pattern in canine EHs closely resembled those documented in humans, indicating a similar diagnostic challenge. Therefore, it is recommended to include a vascular immunohistochemistry marker, such as CD31, whenever EH is suspected, particularly in small incisional cutaneous and subcutaneous biopsies.
An inexpensive apparatus for testing sound transmission loss in undergraduate labs
Authors: Augspurger Mike
Published: August 2024

A lab for undergraduate students on the transmission of sound through solids offers convenient avenues to teach students about dynamic signals, signal processing, and the complex physics of sound and sound transmission loss (STL). But sound transmission testing is prohibitively expensive, and normally requires either large dedicated spaces or expensive instrumentation. This paper describes an inexpensive lab process for efficiently measuring STL through common construction materials using a lab-built apparatus. Standard STL assessments are heavily dependent on testing details such as microphone and speaker placement, the size and attachment methods of sample materials, and methods of data processing to mitigate data noise caused by resonance, sample boundary conditions, and near-field sound. The process described here deliberately addresses these potential sources of error when measuring sound in a small space, and uses a set of innovative testing and processing approaches to replicate the results of a more rigorous testing procedure. The obtained results match published data and analytical results for STL through simple construction materials sufficiently to be useful for an undergraduate lab, with average deviations from published results and analytical predictions ranging from 1.4–6.5 dB for 5 validation tests.
Assessing offshore wind plants for energy and green hydrogen production: A case study in the Mostaganem coastal region, Algeria
Authors: Meziane Fares , Boudia Sidi Mohammed , Nouicer Ilyes , Debbache Mohamed
Published: August 2024

This study assesses the feasibility and strategic implications of establishing a 500 MW offshore wind farm utilizing fixed wind turbine technology along Algeria’s western coastal economic zone, with a focus on the Mostaganem region. The study recommends integrating 33 Vestas V-235 wind turbines, each boasting a 15 MW capacity to harness offshore wind resources for electricity and green hydrogen production. Utilizing the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP), offshore wind potential is assessed based on meteorological data from a land-based station, overcoming the lack of in situ sea level measurements. Results show that the proposed wind farm could yield 1361.63 GWh/year of electricity at a cost of 0.89 $/kWh. Additionally, it would produce 28,571 tons of hydrogen at a cost of 2.12 $/kg. This initiative is anticipated to significantly reduce CO2 emissions, by approximately 595,450 tons/year, highlighting the effectiveness of offshore wind resources in promoting sustainable energy production and advancing green hydrogen as a viable energy carrier in this region.
Osteochondral Allograft Reaming Significantly Affects Chondrocyte Viability
Authors: Elias Tristan J. , Allahabadi Sachin , Haneberg Erik , Morgan Vince , Walker Alexandra , Beals Corey , Cole Brian J. , Yanke Adam B.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Chondrocyte viability is associated with the clinical success of osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation.

Purpose:

To investigate the effect of distal femoral OCA plug harvest and recipient site preparation on regional cell viability using traditional handheld saline irrigation versus saline submersion.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

For each of 13 femoral hemicondyles, 4 cartilage samples were harvested: (1) 5-mm control cartilage, (2) 15-mm OCA donor plug harvested with a powered coring reamer and concurrent handheld saline irrigation (“traditional”), (3) 15-mm OCA donor plug harvested while submerged under normal saline (“submerged”), and (4) 5-mm cartilage from the peripheral rim of a recipient socket created with a 15-mm cannulated counterbore reamer to a total depth of 7 mm with concurrent handheld saline irrigation (“recipient”). The 15 mm–diameter plugs were divided into the central 5 mm and the peripheral 5 mm (2 edges) for comparisons. Samples were stained using calcein and ethidium, and live/dead cell percentages were calculated and compared across groups.

Results:

Compared with the submerged group, the traditional group had significantly lower percentages of live cells across the whole plug (71.54% ± 4.82% vs 61.42% ± 4.98%, respectively; P = .003), at the center of the plug (72.76% ± 5.87% vs 62.30% ± 6.11%, respectively; P = .005), and at the periphery of the plug (70.93% ± 4.51% vs 60.91% ± 4.75%, respectively; P = .003). The traditional group had significantly fewer live cells in all plug regions compared with the control group (77.51% ± 9.23%; P < .0001). There were no significant differences in cell viability between the control and submerged groups (whole: P = .590; center: P = .713; periphery: P = .799). There were no differences between the central and peripheral 5-mm plug regions for the traditional (62.30% ± 6.11% vs 60.91% ± 4.75%, respectively; P = .108) and submerged (72.76% ± 5.87% vs 70.93% ± 4.51%, respectively; P = .061) groups. The recipient group (61.10% ± 5.02%) had significantly lower cell viability compared with the control group ( P < .0001) and the periphery of the submerged group ( P = .009) but was equivalent to the periphery of the traditional group ( P = .990).

Conclusion:

There was a significant amount of chondrocyte death induced by OCA donor plug harvesting using a powered coring reamer with traditional handheld saline irrigation, which was mitigated by harvesting the plug while the allograft was submerged under saline.

Clinical Relevance:

Mitigating this thermally induced damage by harvesting the OCA plug while the allograft was submerged in saline maintained chondrocyte viability throughout the plug and may help to improve the integration and survival of OCAs.
Cryo–Pneumatic Compression Results in a Significant Decrease in Opioid Consumption After Shoulder Surgery: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Khan Moin , Phillips Steven A. , Mathew Paul , Venkateswaran Vikram , Haverstock John , Dagher Danielle , Yardley Darryl , Dick David , Bhandari Mohit
Published: August 2024

Background:

The management of pain after shoulder surgery typically includes the use of cryotherapy and the prescription of opioid analgesics. Much focus has been placed lately on the opioid epidemic, which in part is fueled by excessive prescription of opioid medication. Previous studies have found a combination of cryotherapy and compression effective at reducing analgesic consumption and increasing recovery in patients undergoing knee and spine surgery; however, efficacy in patients undergoing shoulder surgery has not been evaluated.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effectiveness of a cryo–pneumatic compression device on postoperative shoulder pain, narcotic use, and quality of life when compared with standard care cryotherapy.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

In total, 200 patients older than 18 years scheduled for unilateral shoulder surgery were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive either postoperative cryo–pneumatic compression or standard care. The intervention group received a cryo–pneumatic device, while the standard care group received the treating surgeon’s preferred method of postoperative care, including standard cryotherapy. Narcotic use was evaluated by the number of oral morphine milligram equivalents consumed during the postoperative period, as well as the time to cessation of narcotic use. Patient-reported outcome measures consisted of a numeric rating scale pain score, 36-item Short Form Survey, patient experience assessed using the net promoter score, and adverse events. Outcomes were evaluated at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively.

Results:

Patients receiving cryo–pneumatic compression reported a significant decrease in opioid consumption when compared with standard care (oral morphine milligram equivalents median, 56.1 vs 112; P = .02468). A significant increase in self-reported function was seen in the cryo–pneumatic compression group at 2 weeks when compared with standard care (mean, 61.2 vs 54.2; P = .0412).

Conclusion:

In patients undergoing unilateral shoulder surgery, the use of cryotherapy with pneumatic compression, when compared with standard care, resulted in significantly decreased opioid consumption as well as increased function at 2 weeks.

Registration:

NCT04185064 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Influence of Increased Joint Line Obliquity on Survivorship After Lateral Closing-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Xie Tianshun , de Vries Astrid J. , van der Veen Hugo C. , Brouwer Reinoud W.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Although high tibial osteotomy (HTO) has emerged as a powerful intervention for treating symptomatic medial osteoarthritis and varus malalignment, it can result in an increase in knee joint line obliquity (KJLO) in the frontal plane. Limited current evidence hinders understanding of the effect of increased KJLO on HTO survivorship.

Purpose:

To investigate the influence of KJLO and other potential risk factors on the survivorship of lateral closing-wedge HTO.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients with symptomatic medial knee osteoarthritis and varus malalignment treated with lateral closing-wedge HTO at a single hospital were screened with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. HTO survival rate was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The influence of postoperative increased KJLO (medial proximal tibial angle ≥95°), age (≥55 years), sex (female), preoperative malalignment (hip-knee-ankle angle ≥10° of varus), postoperative untargeted alignment (hip-knee-ankle angle <2° or >6° of valgus), and preoperative osteoarthritis severity (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥3) on survivorship of HTO was evaluated using Cox regression analysis. A failure of HTO was defined as a conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Results:

A total of 410 patients (463 knees) were included, with a mean follow-up of 13.0 years (range, 5.0-18.1 years) and a mean survival time of 11.2 years (range, 1.2-18.1 years) for patients who reached the endpoint of TKA. HTO survival rates at 5, 10, and 15 years postoperatively were 91%, 78%, and 60%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed no significant difference in survivorship between patients with increased KJLO and those with acceptable KJLO (178 vs 285 knees; hazard ratio [HR], 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.1; P = .148), with no significant between-group difference observed in the mean follow-up length (12.9 ± 3.0 years vs 13.1 ± 3.3 years; P = .105). Female sex (HR, 2.0; P < .001) and postoperative untargeted alignment (HR, 1.6; P = .003) were risk factors for a conversion to TKA.

Conclusion:

Increased postoperative KJLO (medial proximal tibial angle ≥95°) had no significant influence on the survivorship of lateral closing-wedge HTO. Men demonstrated superior survival outcomes compared with women, and it was important to achieve a targeted postoperative alignment (HKA 2°-6° of valgus) to ensure favorable HTO survivorship.
The effect of changes in intra-compartmental bioimpedance measurements with early intra-dialytic hypotension during haemodialysis
Authors: Haroon Sabrina , Davenport Andrew
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH) remains the commonest problem associated with routine haemodialysis treatments. Fluid shifts from intracellular(ICW) and extracellular(ECW) compartments to refill plasma volume during haemodialysis with ultrafiltration.

Methods:

We studied the effect of relative changes in ICW and ECW indifferent body segments using multifrequency segmental bioimpedance during haemodialysis and IDH episodes.

Results:

Of 42 haemodialysis patients,16 patients (38.1%) developed IDH within the first hour of dialysis. Patients with and without early IDH were well-matched for demographics and starting bioimpedance measurements. However, after 60 min, the relative change in in ECW/ICW ratio between the non-fistula arm and leg was significantly different for the early IDH group median −1.07 (−3.33 to 0.8) versus 0.61 (−0.78 to 1.8), p < 0.05, whereas there no differences in ultrafiltration rate, relative blood volume monitoring or on-line clearance.

Conclusion:

Monitoring serial changes in fluid status in different body compartments with bioimpedance may potentially prevent IDH in the future.
Risk factors and a model for prognosis prediction after intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in acute ischemic stroke based on propensity score matching
Authors: Huang Pan , Yi XingYang
Published: August 2024

Background: Alteplase intravenous thrombolysis is effective for treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within 4.5 h. Nevertheless, the prognosis remains poor for some patients.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors for poor prognosis in patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase following AIS based on propensity score matching and to develop a predictive model.

Result: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline blood glucose (OR = 1.20, 95%CI, 1.03-1.39), baseline NIH Stroke Scale score (OR = 1.23, 95%CI, 1.12-1.35), and hyperlipidemia (OR = 6.60, 95%CI 1.74-25.00) were risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with AIS undergoing alteplase intravenous thrombolysis. Using these factors, a nomogram model was constructed for predicting patient prognosis at 3 months. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of the training and validation groups were 0.792 (95CI% 0.715-0.870) and 0.885 (95CI% 0.798-0.972), respectively, showing good differentiation. The Hosmer Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed that the model had good fit. The calibration curve fitted well with the ideal curve, and the decision curve analysis curve showed that the model had good clinical applicability when the threshold probability was between 10%-80%.

Conclusion: The established nomogram could successfully predict the 3-month prognosis of patients with AIS after undergoing alteplase intravenous thrombolysis. The model thus has clinical application value.
High-performance thermoplastic nanocomposites for aerospace applications: A review of synthesis, production, and analysis
Authors: Guney Yilmaz Sukran , Ferik Erdem , Birak Selahattin Berat , Ozkutlu Demirel Merve , Oz Yahya , Kaboglu Cihan
Published: August 2024

Thermoset polymers are cured under natural or synthetic created conditions and retain their solid form when exposed to heat. Unlike thermosets, thermoplastics melt when exposed to heat after production. Thermoplastics are preferred as raw materials because they can be easily shaped after production, have a high shelf life and are recyclable. In this regard, the prominence of high-performance engineering polymers in recent years has led to the preference of alternative polymers to thermosets. High-performance engineering thermoplastics include thermoplastics such as polyphenylene-sulfide (PPS), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), polyether-ketone-ketone (PEKK), polyphenylene-ether, polysulfone,polyoxadiazole, polyimide, polyether-amide, polyether-amide-imide, polynaphthalene, and polyamide-imide. These polymers exhibit application potential in aerospace, defense, automotive, marine, energy, and medical sectors. In challenging conditions such as high pressure, temperature, and corrosive environments, they possess high service temperatures, enhanced mechanical and physical properties, preferable chemical resistance as well as out-of-autoclave and rapid processing properties. In this review article, nanomaterial production methods (bottom-up and top-bottom) are mentioned. In the following sections, PPS, PEEK, and PEKK thermoplastics are explained, and carbon- and boron-based nano additives used in constructing nanocomposites are investigated. In the last section, PPS, PEKK, and PEEK polymer nanocomposites are investigated.
Vitamin E-poly(2-oxazolin)-ciprofloxacin conjugates that enter bacterial cells via their efflux pumps
Authors: Romanovska Alina , Tophoven Jonas , Brandt Volker , Breisch Marina , Tiller Joerg C.
Published: August 2024

Rendering established antibiotics by derivatization or formulation is a promising way to quickly obtain higher active antibiotics and to address antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. The antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) conjugated with amphiphilic blockcopoly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) shows greatly enhanced antimicrobial activity, reduces resistance formation, and is active against CIP-resistant bacterial cells with overexpressed efflux pumps. In order to design CIP conjugates with comparable performance, but higher biocompatibility, the hydrophobic POx-block was substituted by a modified α-Tocopherol (VitE), which is predominantly referred to as vitamin E. Modification of VitE with 4-bromomethylbenzoyl bromide leads to a highly active initiator for POx synthesis. Using this initiator for the living cationic polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline leads to fully end-group functionalized PMOx. Conjugation of these polymers with CIP results in non-cytotoxic conjugates with improved CIP activity. These VitE-PMOx-EDA-xCIP conjugates enter E. coli cells via their efflux pumps. In case of E. coli with overexpressed efflux pumps (typical for resistant bacteria), the molar activity of the novel CIP conjugates is up to 100 times higher than free CIP, indicating potential of polymer conjugation with antibiotics to overcome bacterial resistances.

[Formula: see text]
Infant Suck Strength Exam: Introduction of an Accessible Clinical Technique for Measuring Infant Suck at the Breast
Authors: Chetwynd Ellen
Published: August 2024

One of the core skills required in lactation support is understanding and correcting ineffective or painful breastfeeding. The behavior being corrected, however, occurs inside the infant’s mouth, making it difficult to see and assess. When providing care in the field, we use standardized tools and digital suck exams. In research, instruments have been developed to measure infant suck strength with a pacifier, bottle, or at the breast using ultrasound. The aim of this article is to introduce a simple manual clinical technique to identify areas of weakness in an infant’s suck and describe one treatment option that can be used to reduce weakness in the identified area. During the Infant Suck Strength Exam, the lactation support provider places a finger on the breast 2 to 4 cm from the edge of the infant’s mouth at the upper and lower lip and then at both corners of the mouth, testing the strength of the suck in each of these four areas. To address any specific areas of weakness, the nursing parent can be taught to apply light skin traction back toward the chest wall at the affected area. This engages the suckling reflex and amplifies the strength of the infant’s suck in that particular area. The traction applied should not indent the breast but rather just pull back on the skin. It should be applied with enough strength to challenge the infant without pulling the breast out. This is a teaching tool, and is typically only needed for a few weeks before the infant improves their nursing habits.