bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Sex and Minority Status in Children’s Motivation and Psychomotor Learning
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Gu Xiangli , Chen Senlin , Keller M. Jean , Lee Jihye
Published: September 2021

In this study, we had two inter-related goals: (a) to examine sex and minority status differences on children’s motivation for physical education (PE; i.e., their expectancy beliefs, subjective task values, and situational interest) and their psychomotor learning outcomes (i.e., motor competence, cardiorespiratory fitness, and in-class physical activity); and (b) to examine the relationships between children’s motivation and their psychomotor learning outcomes while testing the moderation effects of sex and minority status. We recruited 195 fourth and fifth-grade students (101 boys; 94 girls; Mage = 10.7, SD = 0.7 years) from three elementary schools in North Texas. Using multivariate analysis of variance, we identified a significant sex difference that favored boys in motivation and psychomotor learning outcomes, with no significant minority status difference in relation to these variables. Regression analysis revealed that children’s expectancy beliefs were significantly associated with both motor competence ( R2 = 11%) and cardiorespiratory fitness ( R2 = 16%), while both situational interest and sex were associated with in-class physical activity ( R2 = 18%). Thus, improving children’s expectancy beliefs may be a means of enhancing psychomotor learning outcomes in PE, especially for girls. Enhancing children’s beliefs in their own ability and offering diversified PE content so as to generate greater interest may facilitate psychomotor learning.
Shrinking planet, expanding imaginary: the imperial press system and the idea of Greater Britain
Authors: Dougall Andrew
Published: September 2021

This article explores the relationship between the 19th century ‘global transformation’ and the contemporary intensification of communication media through the lens of Greater Britain, a late-Victorian ordering imaginary centred on the integration of Britain and its white settler colonies. Contrary to existing conceptions of globe-spanning media as either components of ‘interaction capacity’ or boundary conditions that set broad outer limits for political thought, I advance an understanding of media as socio-technical and political structures in their own right and explore how they surface meanings and representations upon which imaginaries such as Greater Britain depended. The argument thereby contributes to International Relations (IR) debates on global modernity, communication media and the dynamics of historical change.
Coping With Plenitude: A Computational Approach to Selecting the Right Algorithm
Authors: Sotoudeh Ramina , DiMaggio Paul
Published: September 2021

Sociologists increasingly face choices among competing algorithms that represent reasonable approaches to the same task, with little guidance in choosing among them. We develop a strategy that uses simulated data to identify the conditions under which different methods perform well and applies what is learned from the simulations to predict which method will perform best on never-before-seen empirical data sets. We apply this strategy to a class of methods that group respondents to attitude surveys according to whether they share construals of a given domain. This allows us to identify the relative strengths and weaknesses of the methods we consider, including relational class analysis, correlational class analysis, and eight other such variants. Results support the “no free lunch” view that researchers should abandon the quest for one best algorithm in favor of matching algorithms to kinds of data for which each is most appropriate and provide direction on how to do so.
Colloidal Social Theory: Thinking about Material Animacy and Sociality beyond Solids and Fluids
Authors: Szerszynski Bronislaw
Published: September 2021

This paper argues that an exploration of colloids can help us situate human social life within a wider understanding of the sociality and animacy of matter. Colloids are substances such as sols, foams, powders, gels, doughs and pastes that exhibit complex and shifting macroscale physical properties that do not conform to standard conceptions of solids, liquids or gases. Colloids can behave in complex and creative ways because of their topological enfolding of dispersed and continuous matter, in different phases, at a ‘mesoscale’ intermediate between the scale of molecules and that of the macroscale substance. I relate colloids, with their twin phenomena of ‘repetition’ and ‘mediation’, to an understanding of social life as reducible neither to the interaction between separate individuals nor to a transindividual whole. I suggest that human social life participates in a colloidal ‘metapattern’ of repetition and mediation that is manifest across diverse material substrates and spatial scales.
Introducing Solid Fluids
Authors: Ingold Tim , Simonetti Cristián
Published: September 2021

This issue opens an inquiry into the tension between solidity and fluidity. This tension is ingrained in the Western intellectual tradition and informs theoretical debates across the sciences and humanities. In physics, solid is one phase of matter, alongside liquid, gas and plasma. This, however, assumes all matter to be particulate. Reversing the relation between statics and dynamics, we argue to the contrary, that matter exists as continuous flux. It is both solid and fluid. What difference would it make were we to start from our inescapable participation in a world of solid fluids? Is solid fluidity a condition of being in the midst of things, or of intermediacy on a solid-fluid continuum? Does the world appear fluid in the process of its formation, but solid when you look back on things already formed? Here we open new paths for theorizing matter and meaning at a time of ecological crisis.
A functional cerebral endothelium is necessary to protect against cognitive decline
Authors: Trigiani Lianne J , Bourourou Miled , Lacalle-Aurioles María , Lecrux Clotilde , Hynes Amy , Spring Shoshana , Fernandes Darren J , Sled John G , Lesage Frédéric , Schwaninger Markus , Hamel Edith
Published: September 2021

A vascular insult occurring early in disease onset may initiate cognitive decline leading to dementia, while pharmacological and lifestyle interventions can prevent this progression. Mice with a selective, tamoxifen-inducible deletion of NF-κB essential modulator (Nemo) in brain endothelial cells were studied as a model of vascular cognitive impairment. Groups included NemoFl controls and three NemobeKO groups: One untreated, and two treated with simvastatin or exercise. Social preference and nesting were impaired in NemobeKO mice and were not countered by treatments. Cerebrovascular function was compromised in NemobeKO groups regardless of treatment, with decreased changes in sensory-evoked cerebral blood flow and total hemoglobin levels, and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. NemobeKO mice had increased string vessel pathology, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, and reduced cortical somatostatin-containing interneurons. These alterations were reversed when endothelial function was recovered. Findings strongly suggest that damage to the cerebral endothelium can trigger pathologies associated with dementia and its functional integrity should be an effective target in future therapeutic efforts.
Asymmetric distribution of pathogenic low wall shear stress of the bilateral subclavian arteries: two case reports
Authors: Yuan Huai Wu , Yao Jin Xun , Huang Si Yu , Cui Min Yong , Ji Ren Jie , Li Jia Rui , Chen Li Hua
Published: September 2021

The effects of increasing blood flow on the pathogenic wall shear stress (pWSS) of subclavian arteries (SAs) are currently unclear. Patient-specific models of the SA were constructed based on computed tomographic images from two patients. Using the Ansys Fluent 19.0 transient laminar flow solver, the finite volume method was chosen to solve the Navier–Stokes equation governing fluid behavior. The time-averaged wall shear stress, ratio of risk area, cumulative ratio of risk area ([Formula: see text]), ratio of risk time, and ratio contour of risk time were calculated to describe the temporal and spatial distributions of pWSS. Virtually all pWSS occurred during the diastolic phase. The [Formula: see text]was 2.3 and 1.29 times higher on the left than on the right in Patients 1 (P1) and 2 (P2), respectively. Increasing the blood flow volume of the left SA by 20%, 40%, and 60% led to a 9.27%, 15.10%, and 20.99% decrease in[Formula: see text] for P1 and a 5.74%, 11.55%, and 17.14% decrease in [Formula: see text] for P2, respectively, compared with baseline values. In conclusion, the left SA showed greater diastolic pWSS than the right SA, and increasing the blood flow volume reduced the pWSS in the left SA.
Cerebral infarction caused by systemic sclerosis: a case report
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Zhang Mengen , Zhai Mingfeng , Li Zongyou
Published: September 2021

Systemic sclerosis, also known as scleroderma, is a rare multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by vascular lesions caused by collagen deposition in the skin and viscera and damage to the endothelium. Endothelial injury and microvascular occlusion result in Raynaud’s phenomenon, finger ischemia, pulmonary hypertension, and scleroderma renal crisis. Scleroderma itself is a rare disease with an incidence ranging from 0.1 to 14 per 100,000 people in the general population. Cerebral involvement is not considered a common manifestation of systemic sclerosis, although studies have shown that the brain can be involved. Therefore, to deepen the understanding of this disease, we herein report a case of cerebral infarction associated with systemic sclerosis.
National War Heritage at the Australian War Memorial and Hiroshima Peace Park
Authors: Sylvester Christine
Published: September 2021

Much material heritage is marked by national memorials to war and its heroes. This article considers two examples that commemorate aspects of defeat, loss, and military disaster in war – the Australian War Memorial and attached museum and the museum and Peace Park at Hiroshima Japan. For Australians, the nation became a recognisable entity in the wake of disastrous defeat at Gallipoli in World War I. The physical manifestation of that heritage combines a solemn mausoleum with a massive and expanding museum that celebrates all Australia’s war contributions since then. For Japan, the peace park in Hiroshima focuses on the civilian heritage of the atom bomb Americans dropped in August 1945. Unlike the Australian Memorial, there is no celebration of war, soldiers, or militarism at the Peace Park. This article explores the differences, similarities, ironies, and contradictions of war heritages built out of crushing instances of loss rather than national moments of victory.
Wars in Review: Subaltern Methodologies in Conflict Studies
Authors: Yadav Rishika
Published: September 2021

This essay reviews four disparate studies on war narratives: ‘Right to Mourn’ by Suhi Choi (2019), ‘Fly Until You Die’ by Chia Youyee Vang (2019), ‘Soldiers in Revolt’ by Maggie Dwyer (2018), ‘Breaking the Binaries in Security Studies’ by Ayelet Harel-Shalev and Shir Daphna-Tekoah (2019). The studies take a ‘view-from-below’ approach and build new theoretical frameworks that not only expose ‘the price of war’, but also investigate how ‘subaltern subjects’ subjects view their place and participation in the conflict and resist over-arching homogenous interpretations. The studies respectively focus on post-war remembrance in South Korea, oral histories of Hmong pilots, mutinying in West African states, and the experiences of female combatants in the Israeli Defence Forces. Although dissimilar in terms of geographic spaces, actors and even methodology, the authors all commonly challenge established binaries within conflict studies that assume a separation of the ‘military’ and the ‘civilian’, the prevalence of power-hierarchies within armed forces, and the supposed passiveness of powerless actors in conflict. This essay reviews these books as not individual publications that contribute to the literature of their own disciplines, but as interactive theoretical frameworks that not only dispute prevailing theories of war but also present new understandings on how these narratives interrelate.
Ethics and the bureaucratization of the psychotherapy professions
Authors: Dalal Farhad
Published: September 2021

The paper investigates the role of ethics and codes of conduct within psychotherapy organizations. It is argued that managerialist bureaucracies have usurped codes of ethics and put them in the service of compliance and control. The paper begins with a critical delineation of the three ways that philosophers have approached ethics: deontology, consequentialism and virtue ethics. It asks the question: is psychotherapy a scientific activity? The answers to this question gives rise to different sorts of ethical requirements. The paper then moves onto the ways that power relations within and between institutions inform thinking about ethics. It is argued that psychotherapy organizations are becoming increasingly managerialist in their structure and ways of working, a consequence of which is that communication is controlled and constrained, and that this in itself is unethical.
Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Pneumomediastinum in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Reis Alexandra E. , Emami, Nader , Chand Sudham , Ogundipe Funmilola , Belkin Daniel L. , Ye Kenny , Keene Adam B. , Levsky Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2021

Background: Since the beginning of the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, pneumomediastinum has been reported in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. It has been suggested that pneumomediastinum may portend a worse outcome in such patients although no investigation has established this association definitively. Research Question: We hypothesized that the finding of pneumomediastinum in the setting of COVID-19 disease may be associated with a worse clinical outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine if the presence of pneumomediastinum was predictive of increased mortality in patients with COVID-19. Study Design and Methods: A retrospective case-control study utilizing clinical data and imaging for COVID-19 patients seen at our institution from 3/7/2020 to 5/20/2020 was performed. 87 COVID-19 positive patients with pneumomediastinum were compared to 87 COVID-19 positive patients without pneumomediastinum and to a historical group of patients with pneumomediastinum during the same time frame in 2019. Results: The incidence of pneumomediastinum was increased more than 6-fold during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to 2019 ( P = <.001). 1.5% of all COVID-19 patients and 11% of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients at our institution developed pneumomediastinum. Patients who developed pneumomediastinum had a significantly higher PEEP and lower P/F ratio than those who did not ( P = .002 and .033, respectively). Pneumomediastinum was not found to be associated with increased mortality ( P = .16, confidence interval [CI]: 0.89-2.09, 1.37). The presence of concurrent pneumothorax at the time of pneumomediastinum diagnosis was associated with increased mortality ( P = .013 CI: 1.15-3.17, 1.91). Conclusion: Pneumomediastinum is not independently associated with a worse clinical prognosis in COVID-19 positive patients. The presence of concurrent pneumothorax was associated with increased mortality.
Self-Employed Women in Europe: Lack of Opportunity or Forced by Necessity?
Authors: Ferrín Mónica
Published: September 2021

The gender gap in self-employment is one of the most resilient in labour participation. While for some, this gap is the result of women’s lack of opportunities to become self-employed, for others, it reflects women’s preference to stay in paid employment. This article investigates the motivations behind women’s decision (either from opportunity or necessity) to start a business in 17 European countries. Results from the analysis suggest that individual resources are fundamental in explaining women’s motivations to become entrepreneurs. The type of gender regime and the economic situation in their country also play a role in women’s decisions to start a business. Women are more likely to be driven due to opportunity in dual-earner gender regimes than elsewhere, and high levels of unemployment produced by the economic crisis have boosted women’s self-employment from necessity. These findings are discussed in relation to the gender gap in self-employment.
Modified dual extended Kalman filters for SOC estimation and online parameter identification of lithium-ion battery via modified gray wolf optimizer
Authors: Qian Kangfeng , Liu Xintian , Wang Yiquan , Yu Xueguang , Huang Bixiong
Published: September 2021

In order to achieve accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery, A method that dual Extended Kalman filters (DEKF) optimized by PSO-based Gray Wolf optimizer (MGWO) is proposed. A second-order equivalent circuit model with two resistor-capacitor branches is applied. The battery parameters are determined by battery test. Dual Extended Kalman filters are divided into state filter and parameter filter. Parameter filter is applied to adjust battery parameters online, state filter is applied to SOC estimation. Meanwhile, MGWO is applied to optimize the noise covariance matrix to improve the state estimation accuracy of SOC which reduces the linearization error from EKF. The results shows that the accuracy of algorithm is improved by adding online parameter identification and the optimization of the noise covariance matrix, meanwhile, the proposed method can adapt to the initial error well.
The effect of analytical temperature on thromboelastography tracings in dogs
Authors: Keith Marie T. , Chalifoux Nolan V. , Buriko Yekaterina
Published: September 2021

Viscoelastic testing methods such as thromboelastography (TEG) are becoming increasingly available to veterinarians in a clinical setting. TEG is useful in determining therapeutic transfusion needs and assessing global abnormalities of hemostasis of patients, given that it provides a more comprehensive assessment of coagulation than traditional tests. TEG is standardly performed at 37°C, which is considered a normal body temperature for human patients; however, 37°C is lower than normal body temperature for most canine patients. In an in vitro study, we investigated the potential effect that this difference in body temperature and test temperature might have on TEG results. Citrated blood samples were collected from clinically normal, as well as sick, dogs with various body temperatures. Samples were analyzed concurrently at the patient’s body temperature and at 37°C. There was very high correlation between TEG performed at body temperature and at 37°C for R (min) and MA (mm), high correlation for K (min) and alpha angle (deg), and moderate correlation for LY30 (%) and LY60 (%). For canine patients with normal to mildly abnormal body temperatures, performance of TEG at the standard 37°C is acceptable.
Reading Development in Children With Nonsyndromic Cleft Palate With or Without Cleft Lip: Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Lancaster Hope Sparks , Lien Kari M. , Haas Jordan , Ellis Paige , Scherer Nancy J.
Published: September 2021

Objective

We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review of literature comparing pre-reading and general reading in school-age children with nonsyndromic cleft palate with or without cleft lip (NSCP/L) to their peers without NSCP/L.

Methods

Our literature search identified 1238 possible records. After screening we identified 11 samples for inclusion for systematic review and eight for meta-analysis. We compared 292 children with NSCP/L to 311 peers for 23 pre-reading effect sizes and 17 general reading effect sizes (EFg). We conducted a random-effects metaregression using robust variance estimation.

Results

On average school-age children with NSCP/L scored lower on pre-reading (EFg = −0.36) and general reading measures (EFg = −0.38) compared to their peers. We conducted post-hoc analyses on phonological awareness and word decoding effect sizes; children with NSCP/L performed lower on phonological awareness (EFg = −0.22) and word decoding (EFg = −0.39) compared to their peers. There was weak evidence that hearing status and/or speech-language functioning might moderate reading development. There was limited evidence that age or socioeconomic status moderated reading development. However, samples did not consistently report several characteristics that were coded for this project.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that school-age children with NSCP/L have persistent reading problems. Further research is needed to explore reading development in children with NSCP/L, as well as the relationships among hearing, speech, language, and reading development.
Tessier 3 and 4 Clefts and Choanal Atresia: An Unusual Association?
Authors: Tonello Cristiano , Martins Danilo Augusto Nery dos Passos , Baptista Marco Antônio Ferraz de Barros , Mondelli Felipe , Kokitsu Nakata Nancy Mizue , Feitosa Leonardo Bezerra , Alonso Nivaldo
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Craniofacial clefts are rare congenital anomalies that might involve both soft tissue and skeletal components. The association of Tessier cleft number 3 and 4 with choanal atresia appears to be unusual and only few clinical cases have been reported in published literature.

Objectives

Report a series of 13 cases of choanal atresia in patients with Tessier numbers 3 or 4 clefts and the literature review on this topic.

Methods

A literature review was undertaken via PUBMED database before April 2020 addressing the association between Tessier numbers 3 or 4 clefts and choanal atresia. Retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with both comorbidities at a tertiary hospital expertised in craniofacial anomalies.

Results

Literature review yielded 10 studies describing the relationship between choanal atresia and Tessier 3 and 4 facial clefts. We identified 98 patients diagnosed with medial oro-ocular facial clefts (Tessier 3 and 4) and 119 with choanal atresia at our institution over a 20 years time period. Altogether, 13 individuals were diagnosed with both malformations, 3 patients with number 3 cleft, and 10 patients with number 4 cleft. It represents 13.26% of the cases.

Conclusion

This study highlights the features of Tessier 3 and 4 facial clefts associated with choanal atresia. Although the publications regarding this association are very scarce, the authors present the largest series of cases of Tessier number 3 and 4 clefts with choanal atresia showing that association between these conditions could be not so unusual.
Complex Fibroadenoma with Pronounced Squamous Metaplasia: A Rare Case Report, Differential Diagnostic Considerations, and Associated Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Humphries Christopher , Petty Danielle Robinson , Li Wencheng
Published: September 2021

Squamous metaplasia of the breast is a rare and unusual finding. A number of benign and malignant differential entities exist when squamous cells are present in a breast lesion. Our patient was found to have pronounced squamous metaplasia and keratin cysts arising in a complex fibroadenoma. The rare nature of squamous metaplasia arising in such a lesion poses some diagnostic challenges, as squamous epithelium and squamous metaplasia in the breast may raise suspicion for malignancy. Herein we present a unique case and discussion of benign and malignant differential entities. We also retrospectively reviewed a series of complex fibroadenomas in our institution, including the demographic and histologic features, and more importantly the associated breast cancer risk.
Theoretical model and dynamic wave-amplification effect of the high intensity Helmholtz sound source
Authors: Qiao Zhenghui , Cheng Mei , Jin Yawei
Published: September 2021

Helmholtz sound source consists of Helmholtz resonator and speaker and belongs to a new type of high-intensity sound source. It has potential industrial advantage in the aerodynamic acoustic application for the large amplitude wave. Based on the lumped parameter principle of acoustic impedance, an acoustic theoretical model is suggested. The model reveals the amplification regulation of the sound source on the acoustic wave. Through the acoustic theoretical computation, a dynamic amplification and an amplification limitation are analyzed. The wave-amplification effect attributes to the parameter regulation of the macro, micro, and dynamic-varied sizes of the sound source. The repetitive motion of the vibrating membrane of speaker causes three working states of balance, squeeze, and stretch. The three states act as specific boundary conditions and demonstrate as three different theoretical curves. The theoretical boundary curves codetermine an experimental curve, which essentially limits the practical amplification effect. Nevertheless, the amplification gain of sound pressure amplitude reaches up to 1.8 times, and the potential maximum amplitude reaches up to 3600 Pa (164 dB). The two quantitative characteristics indicate the maximum capability of the sound source on wave-amplification effect. The control sensitivity of the complicated impedance parameters on wave amplification is 0.26 Pa/Hz. The acoustic theoretical model is valuable in the series aspects of the industrial design, manufacture, and application of the sound source. Especially, the theoretical innovation lays the foundation of solid to these aspects.
Acquired Esophageal Strictures in Children: Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Analyses
Authors: Collins Margaret H. , Alexander Eileen S. , Martin Lisa J. , Grotjan Tommie M. , Mukkada Vincent A. , Sheil Amy , Abonia Juan P. , Putnam Philip E. , Rothenberg Marc E.
Published: September 2021

Background

Esophageal strictures (ES) in children are not well characterized pathologically. We report unique histopathologic analyses of resected acquired ES and control esophagi (CE).

Methods

Muscle layer thicknesses were measured in intact well-oriented areas; inflammatory cells were counted in the most inflamed high power field (hpf). Sections were stained with relevant antibodies. Results were expressed as median, lower and upper quartiles. Wilcoxon Rank Sums non-parametric test was used to compare groups; P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

All ES (N = 10) showed focal replacement of lamina propria, muscularis mucosa and submucosa by actin+ fibers emanating from muscularis propria. Compared to CE (N = 8), ES displayed significantly thickened muscularis mucosa and propria, and increased mast cells (tryptase- and chymase-positive), and eosinophils in muscle layers (all P ≤ 0.01). Matrix proteins periostin and fibronectin were identified in the muscle layers of CE, and in the extracellular matrix in areas of disrupted architecture in ES.

Conclusions

Compared to CE, acquired ES in children show significant structural alterations, including obliterative muscularization, inflammatory cell mural infiltrates, and extracellular matrix protein deposits. Therapies targeting connective tissue expansion, mast cells, eosinophils and inflammation may be beneficial to treat ES.
Anaplastic Sarcoma of the Kidney With Heterologous Ganglioneuroblastic Differentiation: Another DICER1-Associated Tumor
Authors: Kroll-Wheeler Lauren , Heider Amer
Published: September 2021

Anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney (ASK) is a rare renal tumor for which less than thirty cases have been described in the literature to date. Diagnosis of ASK is primarily based on histology, which features solid spindle cell neoplastic islands arranged in a fascicular pattern, prominent anaplastic nuclear morphology, brisk mitoses, and multiple multiloculated cysts lined by hobnail epithelium reminiscent of cystic nephroma. Chondroid or rhabdomyocytic differentiation is often present within the sarcoma. It has been recently suggested that this tumor entity belongs to the DICER1 syndrome tumors based on identification of DICER1 mutations. We report on a case of this rare tumor found in a twenty-month-old female. In addition to the typical histologic findings of ASK, this case also displayed heterologous neuroblastic-gangliocytic differentiation, which has not been previously described in the literature. TP53 and BRAF v600E had aberrant immunostaining. Chromosomal microarray and genomic sequencing revealed loss of chromosome 10 p15.3-p11.2 and both somatic and germline DICER1 mutations, consistent with recent research and further supporting the classification of this tumor within the DICER1 syndrome associated tumors.
Ophthalmologists perceived usefulness of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) for evaluating the mental health of patients with chronic eye diseases
Authors: AlSwailem Samar , Fortini Stefania , Ahmed Anwar , Mariotti Silvio P , Shahwan Sami , Khandekar Rajiv
Published: September 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the awareness of ophthalmologists about assessing the mental health of patients and usefulness of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) survey.

Methods:

This web-based survey was performed in 2020 at an eye hospital in Saudi Arabia. Participants included ophthalmologists and physicians. Participants were queried on the need to assess mental health of patients, usefulness of the screening tool, and barriers to assessment. Their responses were graded on a Likert scale and Rasch analysis was performed.

Results:

Of the 100 participants, 72 were aware of assessing mental health of eye patients and 82 expressed about limited skills for such assessment. The median score for perceived usefulness of the PHQ-9 as screening tool to suspect depression was −1.0 (inter quartile range, −1.0: 0.0) [Mean Rasch score = −0.735]. The median score of perceived usefulness for the GAD-7 as screening tool to suspect anxiety was −1.0 (inter quartile range, −1.0: 0.0) [Mean Rasch score = −0.695]. The PHQ-9 related score was significantly correlated to “30–39 years” age group (Kruskal Wallis p = 0.04) and non-Saudi professionals (Mann Whitney p = 0.005). The GAD-7 related score was significantly correlated to non-Saudi professionals (Mann Whitney p = 0.04). The mental health related score was significantly and negatively correlated to the “40–59 years” age group (Kruskal Wallis p = 0.04).

Conclusions:

Although awareness of mental health assessment was high, eyecare professionals felt with inadequate training for performing the screening. PHQ-9 seems to be more acceptable to screen for depression than GAD-7 for screening anxiety.
Superficial mycosis, at the site or distant to the surgical site, appears to predispose patients to bacterial periprosthetic joint infections
Authors: Lin Feitai , Li William T , Fuentes-Rivera Lorena , Parvizi Javad
Published: September 2021

Background:

It is traditionally believed that presence of fungal infection in the nail or skin of patients is a risk factor for subsequent infection. The literature is devoid of any evidence to confirm or refute this belief. This study examined a possible relationship between the presence of superficial skin or nail mycoses and subsequent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA).

Methods:

This is a single-centre, retrospective study of patients who underwent primary TJA between 2000 and 2018. 55 patients with superficial mycoses of skin or nail, at the time of arthroplasty were identified and a variable number matching with up to a 1:5 ratio was performed with 182 patients undergoing TJA who had no superficial mycosis. The groups were further divided into knee and hip TJA. The outcome of TJA in the cohorts was compared.

Results:

Preoperative demographics were similar between the 2 groups. The incidence of PJI in patients undergoing TKA within a year was significantly higher in patients with superficial mycosis at 8.6% (3/35) compared to 0% (0/120) in patients without mycosis. However, all infections were caused by bacterial species and none were fungal. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of superficial mycosis had a strong correlation with development of PJI postoperatively in our TKA cohort.

Conclusions:

Identification of fungal infection (mycosis) of skin and nail in patients awaiting TJA is important. These patients appear to have a higher risk for developing bacterial PJI than those without fungal infections. Further study is needed to determine if treatment of these patients prior to arthroplasty stands to reverse the high risk for PJI that these patients carry.
Tribological Characteristics of Thermomechanically Processed 7075 Al Alloy Through Nano-scratch Characterization
Authors: Sanyal Souriddha , Chakraborty Ashoktaru , Sarkar Angshuman , Pradhan Susanta K , Madhu Utpal , Chabri Sumit , Das Apurba , Sinha Arijit
Published: September 2021

Age-hardenable Al–Zn–Mg–Cu (AA 7075) alloys can be fortified by precipitation solidifying because of precipitation of the MgZn2 intermetallic stages. Furthermore, grain refinement and high dislocation density can also be opted for strengthening purposes. A low-temperature deformation enhances the dislocation density and also facilitates the grains recovery to strengthen the component. The present study combines artificial aging (at 120 °C) and sub-zero (∼−20 ˚C) temperature rolling to achieve strengthening. Various sequences and combinations of these mechanical and thermal treatments are performed and the effects of these treatments on the tribological characteristics of the alloy are studied by nano-scratch measurements. The tribological characteristics are indicated by coefficient of friction ( μ), plastic energy ( PE), recovery index ( η), recovery resistance parameter ( Rs), etc. of each sample. The widths of the scratch are further utilized to calculate the scratch hardness values ( Hs), wear resistance coefficients ( Rw) and the coefficient of wear ( K) with the help of Archard's equation.
The outcomes of gaining digital skills for young people’s lives and wellbeing: A systematic evidence review
Authors: Livingstone Sonia , Mascheroni Giovanna , Stoilova Mariya
Published: September 2021

Research and policy have invested in the prospect that gaining digital skills enhances children’s and young people’s outcomes. A systematic evidence review of research on digital skills among 12- to 17-year-olds identified 34 studies that used cross-sectional survey methods to examine the association of digital skills with tangible outcomes. Two-thirds concerned the association with online opportunities or other benefits. Another third examined online risks of harm. Findings showed a positive association between digital skills and online opportunities, information benefits, and orientation to technology. Greater digital skills were indirectly linked to greater exposure to online risks, although any link to harm was unclear. While technical skills were linked with mixed or even negative outcomes, information skills were linked with positive outcomes. There was little research on the outcomes of communication or creative digital skills. Future research should examine the dimensions of digital skills separately and encompass a wider range of outcomes.
Experimental verification of multi-fibre hybridization influence on dynamic deflection and stress values of curved composite panel
Authors: Sahu Pruthwiraj , Sharma Nitin , Dewangan Hukum C , Panda Subrata K
Published: September 2021

The finite-element time-dependent deflection and stress responses of the shallow composite panels subjected to variable mechanical loadings (uniformly distributed load and sinusoidally distributed load) are reported in this article. The study reveals the influence of the advanced fibre hybridization (glass–carbon–kevlar) on the dynamic responses and establishes the accuracy of the numerical responses by comparing them with the experimental values. The numerical steady-state deflections of the hybrid composite structure are evaluated using a generic mathematical model derived through Reddy's third-order shear deformation in conjunction with the finite-element technique and Newmark's time integration scheme. The experimentally evaluated mechanical properties of the fabricated composites are utilized in the computations. The validity of the computed solutions is ascertained with in-house experimental (transient deflection) results. Besides, the numerical model is extended to assess the parametric dependence (aspect ratio, thickness ratio, curvature ratio, geometry, hybrid schemes and support conditions) of the dynamic deflection/stress responses of hybrid composite shallow shell panels subjected to variable mechanical loading types.
Influence of post-heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical, and wear properties of maraging steel fabricated using direct metal laser sintering technique
Authors: Subramaniyan Anand Kumar , Anigani Sudarshan Reddy , Mathias Snehith , Pathania Akshay , Raghupatruni Prasad , Yadav Shubhendra S
Published: September 2021

The post-heat treatment of direct metal laser sintered parts is expected to have superior mechanical properties. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the post-heat treatment effect on the microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of direct metal laser sintering processed maraging steel. Hence, a systematic methodology for microstructural characterization, mechanical properties, and tribological performance evaluation was performed. The microstructural examinations were performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction technique. The micro-hardness and tensile properties were determined. The unidirectional sliding wear test was performed using a pin on disc wear testing machine for three different sliding velocities (0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 m/s) and three different normal loads (5, 10, and 15 N). The present study’s findings establish that the post-heat treatment techniques significantly altered the microstructural morphology and features. The results showed that the heat-treated sample had finer and non-continuous microstructure and more complex intermetallic precipitate phases, leading to higher hardness (∼64%) and higher tensile strength properties (70–80%) compared to the as-printed sample. The unidirectional sliding wear test results showed that the sliding velocity significantly affected frictional and wear characteristics of direct metal laser sintering processed maraging steel. The wear resistance of the heat-treated sample was three times higher than the as-printed sample, particularly at higher sliding velocities. In addition, the lower coefficient of friction values (∼24%) was observed for heat-treated sample compared to as-printed sample at higher sliding velocities. The post-heat treatment aids as an effective method to enhance mechanical properties of direct metal laser sintered parts and qualify them for tribological applications. The results endorse the suitability of the heat-treated direct metal laser sintered maraging steel in practical tool and die applications involving extreme tribological operating conditions such as higher sliding velocities and contact stresses.
On the tensile and compressive behavior of a sandwich panel made of flax fiber and agglomerated cork
Authors: Sivalingam Prabhakaran , Vijayan Krishnaraj , Mouleeswaran Senthilkumar , Vellingiri Vishwapriya , Mayilswamy Suresh
Published: September 2021

Sandwich panels are used in buildings because of their light weight, thermal insulation, sound absorption, and better mechanical properties. Material scientists have been trying their best to replace synthetic materials as these are non-biodegradable. Stringent environmental policies, need for eco-friendly products, and problems in end-of-life disposal have made natural materials in sandwich panels the need of the hour. This research work attempts to replace the synthetic sandwich panels with natural sandwich panels without sacrificing the performance. The natural sandwich panels used in this work had agglomerated cork as the core and flax fiber as skin reinforcement. A vacuum-bagging technique was used to manufacture these panels with three core densities and three skin reinforcements. The performance of these panels was confirmed by conducting flatwise tensile, flatwise compressive, and edgewise compressive tests as per the American Society for Testing and Materials standards and the results are discussed in this article. The specific flatwise tensile strength of natural sandwich panels was 14–21% higher and the specific flatwise compressive strength was 2–10% higher than the synthetic sandwich panels. The edgewise compressive strength was found to be 32–34% lower than synthetic sandwich panels. The results suggest that natural sandwich panel could be a better alternative material for building applications.
Social media, popular culture and ‘soft heritage’: Chinese tourists in search of Harry Potter
Authors: Connell John , Ding Xuesong , McManus Phil , Gibson Chris
Published: September 2021

Complex relationships exist between rationales for visiting, experiences and perceptions. Tourists are influenced by others, increasingly through social media as electronic word of mouth (ewom). While visitation rationales associated with popular culture are well documented, less understood is how social media use among specific cultural groups constructs and fuels new fictitious sites of popular cultural tourism, through what we call ‘soft heritage’. Particular physical qualities (often visual) endow places with a distinct but fabricated heritage value, linked especially to fictional characters in popular culture. Tourism numbers grow accordingly, as soft heritage sites become marked places for tourists of specific cultural backgrounds. This is illustrated through the case of the University of Sydney, which in the 2010s became a significant destination for Chinese tourists. Through mixed-methods research involving participant observation and interviews with 85 Chinese tourists, the rationales, experiences and perceptions of Chinese tourists were explored. Reasons for visiting included group tours, education, heritage and photography, but a key attraction was the ‘Harry Potter building’, a site not in JK Rowling’s books, nor involved in the making of the films, and not previously a tourist attraction. So much did social media and the Harry Potter Building influence tourism that the University became the most prominent of the city’s several ‘marked places’ (daka). The participatory character of Chinese social media, combined with architectural heritage and the enthusiasm of many younger Chinese tourists for Harry Potter, led them to create a new Chinese tourist site (or daka destination) without input from the management of the place itself.
Domestic Homicide: A Synthesis of Systematic Review Evidence
Authors: Kim Bitna , Merlo Alida V.
Published: September 2021

Domestic homicide (DH) is the most extreme form of domestic violence (DV). There has been a growing worldwide interest in DH offenses and the characteristics of perpetrators and victims, and it is evidenced in part by the increase in the number of primary research studies in this area. The findings of a large number of the available primary literature have already been summarized into several systematic reviews. The principal purposes of this study were to identify what types and aspects of DH have been reviewed systematically (research trends), to synthesize findings from recent systematic reviews of the theoretical and empirical literature on the different types of DH (main findings), and to consider what existing reviews can tell us about the implications for policy and practice as well as future primary research (implications). The current study utilized a systematic review approach to locate systematic reviews of studies on DH. The final sample included 25 systematic review articles published from 2010 to 2020, including 12 on intimate partner homicide, eight on child homicide, and five on familicide. The main research questions varied across systematic reviews, but they included risk factors, statistics on incidence and prevalence, theories, risk assessment tools, punishment and disposition, and prevention strategies. Building on the synthesis findings, the current study concludes with suggestions for future systematic review research and implications for practice and policy efforts.
Clinical Safety and Efficacy of Rotational Atherectomy in Japanese Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease Presenting Femoropopliteal Lesions: The J-SUPREME and J-SUPREME II Trials
Authors: Iida Osamu , Urasawa Kazushi , Shibata Yoshisato , Yamamoto Yoshito , Ando Hiroshi , Fujihara Masahiko , Nakama Tatsuya , Miyashita Yusuke , Mori Shinsuke , Diaz-Cartelle Juan , Soga Yoshimitsu
Published: September 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of the J-SUPREME (J-S) and J-SUPREME II (J-SII) trials was to evaluate the performance of the Jetstream Atherectomy System for the treatment of Japanese patients with symptomatic occlusive atherosclerotic lesions in the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries.

Materials and Methods:

The J-S and J-SII trials were both prospective, multicenter, single-arm clinical trials. Patients in J-S underwent Jetstream atherectomy followed by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), whereas those in J-SII had adjunctive drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment following atherectomy. Patients were adults with Rutherford category 2, 3, or 4 and had stenotic, restenotic, or occlusive lesion(s) with a degree of stenosis ≥70 in the superficial femoral artery and/or proximal popliteal artery. In J-S, lesions were required to be calcified, and in J-SII lesions were required to be severely calcified.

Results:

A total of 50 patients were enrolled in J-S (mean age 72.3±8.7 years, lesion length 82.0±41.5 mm, 36% calcification PACSS Grade 3, 22% Grade 4) and 31 patients in J-SII (mean age 72.5±7.7 years, lesion length 122.6±55.6 mm, 19.4% calcification PACSS Grade 3, 77.4% Grade 4). No bailout stenting or bypass conversions were required. No major adverse events (MAEs) were reported for either trial through 1 month. The 6-month primary patency for J-S, with PTA alone following atherectomy, was 40.4% (19/47). The 6-month primary patency for J-SII, with DCB treatment following atherectomy, was 96.7% (29/30). At 6-month post-procedure, 79.2% (38/48) of patients in J-S, and 100% (30/30) of patients in J-SII had improved by at least 1 Rutherford category.

Conclusion:

J-SUPREME trial results demonstrate procedural safety and efficacy of the Jetstream Atherectomy System and J-SII showed sustained patency through 6 months following combination treatment with Jetstream atherectomy and DCB.