bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NAFLD: An Emerging Causal Factor for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Li Mei , Wang Hongmin , Zhang Xiao-Jing , Cai Jingjing , Li Hongliang
Published: July 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide that poses a significant threat to human health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. NAFLD and CVD share risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. However, whether NAFLD is a causal risk factor for CVD remains a matter of debate. This review summarizes the evidence from prospective clinical and Mendelian randomization studies that underscore the potential causal relationship between NAFLD and CVD. The mechanisms of NAFLD contributing to the development of CVD and the necessity of addressing CVD risk while managing NAFLD in clinical practice are also discussed.
A Complex Brain Learning Skeleton Comprising Enriched Pattern Neural Network System for Next Era Internet of Things
Authors: Venkatesh J. , Shukla Prashant Kumar , Ahanger Tariq Ahamed , Maheshwari Manish , Pant Bhasker , Hemamalini R. Rani , Halifa Awal
Published: July 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) is now growing dramatically on various levels and helps to digitize various vital industries quickly. The most difficult obstacle for BCIs to overcome is the fact that not everyone has the same brain. Every new session requires the BCI to learn from the user’s brain, which is accomplished via the use of machine learning. However, this learning process is time-consuming. Calibration time refers to the amount of time it takes for the BCI to adapt to the user’s brain in order to properly categorize their thoughts and determine their meaning. The patient has had to wait an arduous and tiresome length of time for the system to be completely functioning up until now because of this calibration, which may take up to 20–30 minutes. The aim of this paper was to find a way to decrease the amount of time required for calibration to the smallest amount feasible. In the first section of this paper, a first effort is made to determine the optimum number of features required for the BCI to operate reasonably, taking into consideration all of the calibration data provided. When the results were averaged across five participants, the percentage of properly identified thoughts was just 67.15 percent. Transfer learning was used in order to improve the performance of the BCI while simultaneously decreasing the calibration time. It is feasible to decrease the amount of calibration required for the categorization of thoughts coming from a new target subject by using knowledge collected from previously recorded subjects to the greatest extent possible in transfer learning. It was determined that existing methods were superior, and a new methodology was created that required just 24 seconds of calibration data while accurately identifying 86.8% of the thoughts. In order to alleviate mental stress and anger, the system suggested fits effectively with a deep learning network. This paper proposes a brain learning framework that uses a neural network model that is complex in nature and uses IoT for data collection from various wearable devices, and the same can be used for modelling the brain functions. Aside from the fact that categorization performance is assessed, a more relevant metric is the number of letters per minute that a user transmits. In addition to evaluating classification performance, there are methods that evaluate the amount of time necessary to complete specified tasks.
Prevalence of Undiagnosed Hypertension and Associated Factors among Adults in Mizan-Aman Town, Bench Sheko Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elias Sebsibe , Dadi Teshome Kabeta
Published: July 2023

Objectives. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among people aged 18 years and above in Mizan-Aman town of Bench Sheko Zone in Southwest Ethiopia. Study Design. A community-based cross-sectional study design was carried out among people aged 18 years old and above from April 1 to 30, 2021, in Mizan Aman town. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design was carried out among people aged 18 years old and above from April 1 to 30, 2021, in Mizan Aman town. Seven hundred fifty-nine subjects were selected by the multistage sampling technique. A structured pretested STEPwise questionnaire was used to interview the participants. Data entry and analysis were done using EpiData 3.1 and SPSS version 25 statistical software, respectively. Descriptive analysis was undertaken, and the results were presented using frequency tables, graphs, and statistical summaries. The dependent variable has a dichotomized response of yes and no, and hence binary logistic regression was used to predict a dependent variable based on independent variables, and predictors having

p
≤
0.25

on the bivariable analysis were considered as candidates for the multivariable analysis. Odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to measure the strength of association, and finally a

p

value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result. The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 14.8% with 95% CI [12.3–15.6]. Older age (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI [1.5–6.5]), male (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI [1.3–3.9]), low physical activity (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI [1.8–8.3]), low consumption of fruit and vegetable (AOR = 4.5, 95% CI [2.4–8.8]), and higher BMI (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI [1.6–4.6]) were significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension. Conclusion. The current study outlined that the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was high in the study area. In addition, most of the risk factors identified were modifiable, and hence community-based preventive approaches like lifestyle modification, increasing awareness, and strengthening routine screening at primary health service facilities resulted in a substantial change in tackling the burden effectively.
The Levels and Influencing Factors of Compassion Fatigue among New Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zeng Li , Liu Dong , Liang Xiaoli , Li Lan , Peng Yihang , Jin Man , Xie Wanqing , Wang Jialin
Published: July 2023

Aim. To investigate the levels and influencing factors of compassion fatigue among new nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Background. New nurses are often unable to cope with the escalating nursing problems during the COVID-19 epidemic because of their lack of work experience, which may reduce their level of compassion satisfaction and cause compassion fatigue. However, there is little research on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among new nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study. From June to October 2021, 520 new nurses were selected from eight designated hospital for treatment of COVID-19 in China for electronic survey. Questions elicited social-demographics, work-related information, lifestyle factors, and the Chinese version Professional Quality of Life Scale. Results. The scores of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress of new nurses were 31.85 ± 6.18, 27.94 ± 5.04, and 27.17 ± 4.87, respectively. In addition, regression analysis showed that nurses’ compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress were affected by social-demographics, work-related information, and lifestyle factors. Conclusions. During the COVID-19 epidemic, compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress of new nurses were at a moderate level, which were relatively affected by work-related information and lifestyle, and had little correlation with social-demographics. Implications for Nursing Management. Hospital administrators can promote new nurses’ compassion satisfaction and alleviate their compassion fatigue by improving job satisfaction, encouraging smoking cessation, arranging work hours reasonably, ensuring sleep hours, reducing workplace violence, and strengthening the reporting of violence incidents.
Protective and Risk Parenting Styles for Internet and Online Gambling Addiction
Authors: Serna Cristina , García-Perales Joan , Martínez Isabel
Published: July 2023

This study analyzes the relationship of the four parenting styles, authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful, with Internet addiction and online gambling addiction. Study sample was 512 adolescents aged between 16 and 21 years (63.9% females,

M
=
18.7

,

SD
=
1.8

). A 4 × 2 × 2 MANOVA was applied for the outcome variables of Internet addiction (loss of control, emotional need and dependence) and gambling (anticipation, desire, and relief) with parenting style (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful), sex (boy vs. girls), and age (16-18 years old vs. 19-21 years old) as independent variables. The results provide evidence of the relationship between parenting styles and technological addictions, showing that parenting characterized by the use of practices of involvement and acceptance (authoritative and indulgent parenting) can act as protective factors for Internet addiction and online gambling addiction. On the contrary, authoritarian parenting, characterized by the use of strictness and imposition practices, would act as a risk factor for Internet addiction and online gambling addiction. The protective and risk effects of parenting styles over adolescents’ technological addictions take place irrespective of their sex and age.
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Papillopathy due to Hormonal Changes during Pregnancy
Authors: Mafrici Marco , Tona Francesca , Fragiotta Serena , Lorenzi Umberto , Gitto Lorenzo , Toscani Laura
Published: July 2023

Background. The underlying mechanisms of papilledema associated with intracranial hypertension remain unclear. A case of bilateral papillary edema in a patient with chronic idiopathic intracranial hypertension who was asymptomatic during her two pregnancies is reported. Case Presentation. A 19-year-old Caucasian female, in her third month of pregnancy, complained of difficulties with close reading. The patient’s visual acuity was 20/20 on the Snellen chart and improved with a 0.50 D correction in both eyes. Near vision and slit lamp examinations revealed normal findings bilaterally. However, a fundus examination showed bilateral papillary edema without evidence of hemorrhages or neovascularization. Blood tests were unremarkable, except for a slight increase in C-reactive protein levels. The patient had a prepregnancy weight of 63 kilograms, with a BMI of 24.91 kg/m2. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed features consistent with chronic idiopathic intracranial hypertension, which resolved after delivery. Two and a half years later, during a subsequent pregnancy, the patient experienced a recurrence of bilateral papillary edema due to the IIH. It was managed similarly as the first occurrence, resulting in bilateral anatomical and functional recovery. Recent research revealed that, during pregnancy, hormones interact with the central nervous system, leading to an increase in the size of neurons which could potentially result in intracranial hypertension. Conclusions. The influence of hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy on the development of transient central nervous system abnormalities in individuals with chronic intracranial hypertension, leading to papillary edema, remains a matter of debate.
Parent’s Attitudes toward Their Children’s Oral Health Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zarabadipour Mahdieh , Mokhlesi Aida , Poorsoleiman Taniya , Mirzadeh Monirsadat
Published: July 2023

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global health and presented challenges to maintaining oral health in children. Efficient management and prevention of oral diseases are therefore crucial in this population. Aim. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess parents’ self-reported oral and dental hygiene habits for their children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. A total of 256 parents of primary school children in Qazvin completed an online questionnaire containing demographic, general, and cardinal questions. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software, and accurate analytical tests were run to reach the results. Results. The study found that 69.1% of parents and 87.1% of children brushed their teeth regularly during the pandemic. Additionally, 80.5% of parents monitored their children while brushing. While some parents expressed concerns about COVID-19 infection, parents from lower socioeconomic status reported a higher willingness to attend dental centers than those from more prosperous areas. Conclusion. These findings suggest that parents’ supervision and attitude toward oral health care significantly affect children’s oral hygiene habits during the pandemic, possibly due to increased time spent together during lockdowns.
Patient Experiences of a Telehealth Multidisciplinary Cancer Rehabilitation Programme: Qualitative Findings from the ReStOre@Home Feasibility Study
Authors: O’Brien A. , Brennan L. , O’Neill L. , Connolly D. , Guinan E. , Reynolds J. V. , Hussey J.
Published: July 2023

Purpose. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation programmes providing exercise, nutrition support, education, and peer support can effectively meet the rehabilitation needs of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer survivors. This study aimed to explore the experiences of participants who engaged in a telehealth, multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme for UGI cancer survivors. Methods. This single-arm feasibility study recruited participants who completed curative treatment for UGI cancer. Participants (n = 10, male = 9) aged 58–76 years were 5–17 months postsurgery. A 12-week telehealth rehabilitation programme was delivered via video call, consisting of group resistance training, remotely monitored aerobic training, 1 : 1 dietary counselling, 1 : 1 physiotherapy support, and group education sessions. Independent researchers conducted semistructured interviews at postintervention assessments. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis (RTA). Results. RTA of participant transcripts generated three overarching themes: (1) ReStOre@Home impacted psychosocial and physical needs by addressing a broad and meaningful gap in services, (2) paving a pathway towards prosperity, and (3) contrasting experiences with using technology. Participants’ preferences and recommendations for future telehealth programmes were discussed. Conclusions. A telehealth multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme supported participants in physical and psychosocial recovery. Qualitative analysis identified an important ongoing need for some in-person care and provided detailed insights into participant experiences during telehealth-delivered rehabilitation.
TMEM100 Regulates Neuropathic Pain by Reducing the Expression of Inflammatory Factors
Authors: Cui Huifei , Guo Zhaoyang , Guo Zhu , Fan Zuoran , Shen Nana , Qi Xiaoying , Ma Yuanye , Zhu Youfu , Wu Xiaolin , Chen Bohua , Xiang Hongfei
Published: July 2023

There is no effective treatment for peripheral nerve injury-induced chronic neuropathic pain (NP), which profoundly impacts the quality of life of those affected. Transmembraneprotein100 (TMEM100) is considered to be a pain regulatory protein and is expressed in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats. However, the mechanism of pain regulation and the expression of TMEM100 following various peripheral nerve injuries are unclear. In this study, we constructed two pain models of peripheral nerve injury: tibial nerve injury (TNI) and chronic constriction injury (CCI). This study found that the Paw Withdrawal Mechanical Threshold (PWMT) and Paw Withdraw Thermal Latency (PWTL) of the rats in the two pain models decreased significantly, and the expression of TMEM100 in the DRG of two groups also decreased significantly. Furthermore, the decrease in the CCI group was more obvious than in the TNI group. There was no significant statistical significance (

P
>
0.05

). We constructed an adeno-associated virus 6 (AAV6) vector expressing recombinant fluorescent TMEM100 protein and injected it into the sciatic nerve (SN) of two pain models: CCI and TNI. PWMT and PWTL were significantly increased in the two groups, along with the expression of TMEM100 in the spinal cord and DRG. It also significantly inhibited the activation of microglia, astrocytes, and several inflammatory mediators (TNF- α, IL-1 β, and IL-6). In summary, the results of this study suggested that TMEM100 might be a promising molecular strategy for the treatment of NP, and its anti-inflammatory effects might play an important role in pain relief.
Microwave System: A Novel Treatment for Localized Adiposity Reduction in a Latin American Population
Authors: Ruiz-Rosas Aura Ibeth , Muño-Velasco Nelly Patricia , Rengifo-Bolaños Dayana Sofia , Reyes-Vivas Tatiana Carolina , Lozano-Bitar Paula , Fusco Irene , Russy-Buitrago Paola Andrea
Published: July 2023

Background. The microwave body remodeling system is indicated for people who want to improve their physical appearance as it can penetrate deep tissues, causing thermic stress on adipocytes to produce adipolysis while in superficial tissues, it dissolves fibrous tracts and stimulates new collagen. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the localized adiposity reduction in Latin American patients using a microwave system. Methods. A total of 35 patients with a mean age of 47.5 (±9.0) years received body remodeling treatment, using the microwave system between the years 2019–2022 in a Bogota, Colombia reference center. Data descriptive analysis was made as well as single-factor repeated measures ANOVA to show pre- and post-treatment difference, and mixed ANOVA for body mass index (BMI) subgroup analysis was performed. Results. In all patients examined, statistical significant differences were found in pre- and post-treatment skinfold test for each body area: superior abdomen (F(1,27) = 63.13;

p
=
0.001

), iliac crest (F(1, 23) = 114.33;

p
<
0.001

), posterior waist (F(1, 20) = 27.36;

p
<
0.001

), trochanter (F(1, 17) = 26.94;

p
<
0.001

), among others. Conclusions. According to the study’s findings, this microwave system is an innovative and effective technique for body remodeling and cellulite and localized fat reduction.
Supplementary Fig. 3 from Discovery and Targeting of a Noncanonical Mechanism of Sarcoma Resistance to ADI-PEG20 Mediated by the Microenvironment
Authors: Rogers Leonard C. , Kremer Jeff C. , Brashears Caitlyn B. , Lin Zongtao , Hu Zhixian , Bastos Alliny C.S. , Baker Adriana , Fettig Nicole , Zhou Dong , Shoghi Kooresh I. , Dehner Carina A. , Chrisinger John S.A. , Bomalaski John S. , Garcia Benjamin A. , Oyama Toshinao , White Eileen P. , Van Tine Brian A.
Published: July 2023

Supplemental Figure 3. Fibroblasts support growth of Ass1 WT murine and human sarcoma cell lines.
Data from Clinical Activity of Combined Telomerase Vaccination and Pembrolizumab in Advanced Melanoma: Results from a Phase I Trial
Authors: Ellingsen Espen B. , O'Day Steven , Mezheyeuski Artur , Gromadka Agnieszka , Clancy Trevor , Kristedja Timothy S. , Milhem Mohammed , Zakharia Yousef
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Cancer vaccines represent a novel treatment modality with a complementary mode of action addressing a crucial bottleneck for checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) efficacy. CPIs are expected to release brakes in T-cell responses elicited by vaccination, leading to more robust immune responses. Increased anti-tumor T-cell responses may confer increased anti-tumor activity in patients with less immunogenic tumors, a subgroup expected to achieve reduced benefit from CPIs alone. In this trial, a telomerase-based vaccine was combined with pembrolizumab to assess the safety and clinical activity in patients with melanoma. Patients and Methods: Thirty treatment-naïve patients with advanced melanoma were enrolled. Patients received intradermal injections of UV1 with adjuvant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) at two dose levels, and pembrolizumab according to the label. Blood samples were assessed for vaccine-induced T-cell responses, and tumor tissues were collected for translational analyses. The primary endpoint was safety, with secondary objectives including progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR). Results: The combination was considered safe and well-tolerated. Grade 3 adverse events were observed in 20% of patients, with no grade 4 or 5 adverse events reported. Vaccination-related adverse events were mostly mild injection site reactions. The median PFS was 18.9 months, and the 1- and 2-year OS rates were 86.7% and 73.3%, respectively. The ORR was 56.7%, with 33.3% achieving complete responses. Vaccine-induced immune responses were observed in evaluable patients, and inflammatory changes were detected in post-treatment biopsies. Conclusions: Encouraging safety and preliminary efficacy were observed. Randomized phase II trials are currently ongoing.
Data from Clinical Activity of Combined Telomerase Vaccination and Pembrolizumab in Advanced Melanoma: Results from a Phase I Trial
Authors: Ellingsen Espen B. , O'Day Steven , Mezheyeuski Artur , Gromadka Agnieszka , Clancy Trevor , Kristedja Timothy S. , Milhem Mohammed , Zakharia Yousef
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurpose:
Cancer vaccines represent a novel treatment modality with a complementary mode of action addressing a crucial bottleneck for checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) efficacy. CPIs are expected to release brakes in T-cell responses elicited by vaccination, leading to more robust immune responses. Increased antitumor T-cell responses may confer increased antitumor activity in patients with less immunogenic tumors, a subgroup expected to achieve reduced benefit from CPIs alone. In this trial, a telomerase-based vaccine was combined with pembrolizumab to assess the safety and clinical activity in patients with melanoma.
Patients and Methods:
Thirty treatment-naïve patients with advanced melanoma were enrolled. Patients received intradermal injections of UV1 with adjuvant GM-CSF at two dose levels, and pembrolizumab according to the label. Blood samples were assessed for vaccine-induced T-cell responses, and tumor tissues were collected for translational analyses. The primary endpoint was safety, with secondary objectives including progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR).
Results:
The combination was considered safe and well-tolerated. Grade 3 adverse events were observed in 20% of patients, with no grade 4 or 5 adverse events reported. Vaccination-related adverse events were mostly mild injection site reactions. The median PFS was 18.9 months, and the 1- and 2-year OS rates were 86.7% and 73.3%, respectively. The ORR was 56.7%, with 33.3% achieving complete responses. Vaccine-induced immune responses were observed in evaluable patients, and inflammatory changes were detected in posttreatment biopsies.
Conclusions:
Encouraging safety and preliminary efficacy were observed. Randomized phase II trials are currently ongoing.
Data from Discovery and targeting of a noncanonical mechanism of sarcoma resistance to ADI-PEG20 mediated by the microenvironment
Authors: Rogers Leonard C. , Kremer Jeff C. , Brashears Caitlyn B. , Lin Zongtao , Hu Zhixian , Bastos Alliny C. S. , Baker Adriana , Fettig Nicole , Zhou Dong , Shoghi Kooresh I. , Dehner Carina A. , Chrisinger John S. A. , Bomalaski John S. , Garcia Benjamin A. , Oyama Toshinao , White Eileen P. , Van Tine Brian A.
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Many cancers lack argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1), the rate limiting enzyme of arginine biosynthesis. This deficiency causes arginine auxotrophy, targetable by extracellular arginine-degrading enzymes such as ADI-PEG20. Long-term tumor resistance has thus far been attributed solely to ASS1 re-expression. This study examines the role of ASS1 silencing on tumor growth and initiation and identifies a noncanonical mechanism of resistance, aiming to improve clinical responses to ADI-PEG20. Experimental Design: Tumor initiation and growth rates were measured for a spontaneous Ass1 knockout (KO) murine sarcoma model. Tumor cell lines were generated, and resistance to arginine deprivation therapy was studied in vitro and in vivo. Results: Conditional Ass1 KO affected neither tumor initiation nor growth rates in a sarcoma model, contradicting the prevalent idea that ASS1 silencing confers a proliferative advantage. Ass1 KO cells grew robustly through arginine starvation in vivo, while ADI-PEG20 remained completely lethal in vitro, evidence that pointed toward a novel mechanism of resistance mediated by the microenvironment. Co-culture with Ass1-competent fibroblasts rescued growth through macropinocytosis of vesicles and/or cell fragments, followed by recycling of protein-bound arginine through autophagy/lysosomal degradation. Inhibition of either macropinocytosis or autophagy/lysosomal degradation abrogated this growth support effect in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Noncanonical, ASS1-independent tumor resistance to ADI-PEG20 is driven by the microenvironment. This mechanism can be targeted by either the macropinocytosis inhibitor imipramine or the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. These safe, widely available drugs should be added to current clinical trials to overcome microenvironmental arginine support of tumors and improve patient outcomes.
Supplementary Table 6 from Integrative Prognostic Machine-Learning Models in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hill Holly Ann , Jain Preetesh , Ok Chi Young , Sasaki Koji , Chen Han , Wang Michael L. , Chen Ken
Published: July 2023

Univariate survival comparisons from features identified from XGBoost.
Supplementary Methods from Integrative Prognostic Machine-Learning Models in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hill Holly Ann , Jain Preetesh , Ok Chi Young , Sasaki Koji , Chen Han , Wang Michael L. , Chen Ken
Published: July 2023

Supplementary detailed methods
Table S1 and S2 from The African-centric P47S Variant of TP53 Confers Immune Dysregulation and Impaired Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Stieg David C. , Parris Joshua L. D. , Yang Tyler Hong Loong , Mirji Gauri , Reiser Sarah Kim , Murali Nivitha , Werts Madison , Barnoud Thibaut , Lu David Y. , Shinde Rahul , Murphy Maureen E. , Claiborne Daniel T.
Published: July 2023

Table S1 and Table S2
FIGURE 2 from The African-centric P47S Variant of TP53 Confers Immune Dysregulation and Impaired Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Stieg David C. , Parris Joshua L. D. , Yang Tyler Hong Loong , Mirji Gauri , Reiser Sarah Kim , Murali Nivitha , Werts Madison , Barnoud Thibaut , Lu David Y. , Shinde Rahul , Murphy Maureen E. , Claiborne Daniel T.
Published: July 2023

Differences in memory T-cell formation and chemokine receptor usage in S47 mice. Splenocytes derived from non–tumor-bearing, male S47 and P47 mice between the ages of 6 and 10 weeks were analyzed by flow cytometry for differences in baseline T-cell phenotypes. Data are derived from five independent cohorts of mice (n = 27 S47, n = 26 P47), and all panels incorporate multiple cohorts. A and B, Frequencies of total memory (CD44+) and central memory (CD44+/CD62L+) CD4+ T cells between P47 and S47 mice. C and D, Frequencies of CX3CR1, or CXCR5 chemokine receptor expression in memory (CD44+) CD4+ T cells between P47 and S47 mice. E and F, Frequencies of total memory (CD44+) and central memory (CD44+/CD62L+) CD8+ T cells between P47 and S47 mice. G, Frequency of CXCR3 chemokine receptor expression in memory (CD44+) CD8+ T cells between P47 and S47 mice. Statistics derived from two-tailed Student t tests. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
FIGURE 1 from The African-centric P47S Variant of TP53 Confers Immune Dysregulation and Impaired Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Stieg David C. , Parris Joshua L. D. , Yang Tyler Hong Loong , Mirji Gauri , Reiser Sarah Kim , Murali Nivitha , Werts Madison , Barnoud Thibaut , Lu David Y. , Shinde Rahul , Murphy Maureen E. , Claiborne Daniel T.
Published: July 2023

The tumor growth advantage in S47 mice is abolished following CD8+ T-cell depletion. A, Illustration of the experimental approach. Replicate P47 and S47 mice were injected subcutaneously with 1 × 106 MC38 tumor cells. At day 19, spleens and tumors from mice were harvested and analyzed by flow cytometry. B, Tumor growth curves for P47 and S47 mice injected with MC38 cells. n = 5 mice per group. Linear mixed model used for statistical analysis. **, P < 0.01. C, Tumor weights of MC38 tumors harvested from P47 and S47 mice. n = 5 mice per group. Wilcoxon rank-sum test used for statistical analysis. *, P < 0.05. D and E, Tumor growth curves for P47 and S47 mice injected with MC38 cells, ± treatment with anti-CD8b antibody. n = 5 mice per group. Linear mixed model used for statistical analysis. *, P < 0.05. F, The percentage of CD8+ T cells of total T cells (CD45+/CD3+) in P47 and S47 mice before and after CD8+ T-cell depletion is shown on the left. Shown on the right are the total counts of splenic CD8+ T cells in P47 and S47 mice before and after CD8+ T-cell depletion.
Data from Integrative Prognostic Machine Learning Models in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hill Holly A. , Jain Preetesh , Ok Chi Young , Sasaki Koji , Chen Han , Wang Michael L. , Chen Ken
Published: July 2023

Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an incurable B-cell malignancy, benefit from accurate pretreatment disease stratification. We curated an extensive database of 862 patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2022. A machine learning (ML) gradient-boosted model incorporated baseline features from clinicopathologic, cytogenetic, and genomic data with high predictive power discriminating between patients with indolent or responsive MCL and those with aggressive disease (AUC ROC = 0.83). In addition, we utilized the gradient-boosted framework as a robust feature selection method for multivariate logistic and survival modeling. The best ML models incorporated features from clinical and genomic data types highlighting the need for correlative molecular studies in precision oncology. As proof of concept, we launched our most accurate and practical models using an application interface, which has potential for clinical implementation. We designated the 20-feature ML model–based index the “integrative MIPI” or iMIPI and a similar 10-feature ML index the “integrative simplified MIPI” or iMIPI-s. The top 10 baseline prognostic features represented in the iMIPI-s are: lactase dehydrogenase (LDH), Ki-67%, platelet count, bone marrow involvement percentage, hemoglobin levels, the total number of observed somatic mutations, TP53 mutational status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance level, beta-2 microglobulin, and morphology. Our findings emphasize that prognostic applications and indices should include molecular features, especially TP53 mutational status. This work demonstrates the clinical utility of complex ML models and provides further evidence for existing prognostic markers in MCL.
Significance:
Our model is the first to integrate a dynamic algorithm with multiple clinical and molecular features, allowing for accurate predictions of MCL disease outcomes in a large patient cohort.
Data from Integrative Prognostic Machine-Learning Models in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hill Holly Ann , Jain Preetesh , Ok Chi Young , Sasaki Koji , Chen Han , Wang Michael L. , Chen Ken
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an incurable B-cell malignancy, benefit from accurate pretreatment disease stratification. We curated an extensive database of 862 patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2022. A machine learning (ML) gradient-boosted model incorporated baseline features from clinicopathological, cytogenetic, and genomic data with high predictive power discriminating between patients with indolent or responsive MCL and those with aggressive disease (AUC ROC = 0.83). Additionally, we utilized the gradient-boosted framework as a robust feature selection method for multivariate logistic and survival modeling. The best ML models incorporated features from clinical and genomic data types highlighting the need for correlative molecular studies in precision oncology. As proof of concept, we launched our most accurate and practical models using an application interface, which has potential for clinical implementation. We designated the 20-feature ML model-based index the “integrative MIPI” or iMIPI and a similar 10-feature ML index the “integrative simplified MIPI” or iMIPI-s. The top 10 baseline prognostic features represented in the iMIPI-s are: Lactase Dehydrogenase (LDH), Ki-67%, platelet count, bone marrow involvement percentage, hemoglobin levels, the total number of observed somatic mutations, TP53 mutational status, ECOG performance level, beta-2 microglobulin, and morphology. Our findings emphasize that prognostic applications and indices should include molecular features, especially TP53 mutational status. This work demonstrates the clinical utility of complex ML models and provides further evidence for existing prognostic markers in MCL.
From Exclusion to Glass Ceiling: A History of Women in Neonatal Medicine
Authors: Obladen Michael
Published: July 2023

The 21st century’s medicine is predominantly female: two thirds of medical students now are women. In 375 BCE, Plato argued for equal education for male and female professions, explicitly physicians. In Greece and Rome, tombstones testify for patients’ gratitude to women physicians. Christianization opened an era of female subordination. When universities established faculties of medicine during the 13th century, women were excluded and had no place where they could study medicine. Since 1850, female medical studies have been debated. Zürich admitted women from 1864, Paris from 1866. Up until the 1920s, treatment of newborns – especially preterm infants – was in the domain of obstetricians. When pediatricians accepted responsibility for sick newborns, women founded hospitals and public health facilities for infants. After WW2, women took leading roles in research. Their share within pediatrics increased from below 10% to above 60%. But they achieved less than 20% of full professor or chair positions in Europe and less than 35% in the US. Female neonatologists reached fewer positions in editorial boards, authorships, h-factors, keynote lectures, and research grants than did male colleagues. Women pediatricians earned 24% less than did male colleagues. When adjusted for labor force characteristics, the pay gap was still 13%. Women can augment their career chances by setting targets, seeking mentorship, and strengthening self-confidence. Women’s careers should be effectively accelerated by institutional support: research offers, part-time work, paid research time, maternity/paternity leave, and support for childcare. Research-oriented neonatology cannot afford to lose female talents.
Intravenous Thrombolysis Increases the First Pass Effect for Large Vessel Occlusion Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Kamiya Yuki , Suzuki Kentaro , Miyauchi Yoshifumi , Kuriki, Ayako , Mizuma Keita , Tsuruta Wataro , Matsumaru Yuji , Kimura Kazumi ,   for the SKIP study Investigators
Published: July 2023

Background

It remains unclear whether intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) influences the incidence of the first pass effect (FPE) in patients with acute large vessel occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of IVT on FPE in patients treated with MT.

Methods

This is a post hoc analysis of the SKIP (Direct Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute LVO Stroke) study, which was an investigator‐initiated, multicenter, randomized, open‐label clinical trial performed in 23 hospital networks in Japan from January 1, 2017, to July 31, 2019. Among 204 patients, 24 were excluded because they did not undergo MT. Patients treated with MT alone were compared with those treated with MT+IVT for the incidence of FPE (achieving a modified treatment in cerebral ischemia score of 2c or 3 after the first MT pass). Additional subgroup analyses were performed to investigate factors more closely related to the association between IVT and FPE.

Results

Among the 180 patients, 91 were treated with MT alone and 89 were treated with MT+IVT. FPE was achieved in 56 patients (31.1%). The incidence of FPE was significantly higher in patients treated with MT+IVT than in those treated with MT alone (39.3% versus 23.0%, respectively;
P
=0.02). In the subgroup analyses, IVT markedly increased FPE in female patients and tended to increase FPE in patients with first‐segment middle cerebral artery distal occlusion and onset to hospital arrival time >100 minutes.

Conclusion

IVT using alteplase increased the incidence of FPE in Japanese patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with MT.

Trial Registration

: Trial registration umin.ac.jp/ctr identifier: UMIN000021488
Leukoaraiosis Is Not Associated With Recovery From Aphasia in the First Year After Stroke
Authors: Brito Alexandra C. , Levy Deborah F. , Schneck Sarah M. , Entrup Jillian L. , Onuscheck Caitlin F. , Casilio Marianne , de Riesthal Michael , Davis L. Taylor , Wilson Stephen M.
Published: July 2023

After a stroke, individuals with aphasia often recover to a certain extent over time. This recovery process may be dependent on the health of surviving brain regions. Leukoaraiosis (white matter hyperintensities on MRI reflecting cerebral small vessel disease) is one indication of compromised brain health and is associated with cognitive and motor impairment. Previous studies have suggested that leukoaraiosis may be a clinically relevant predictor of aphasia outcomes and recovery, although findings have been inconsistent. We investigated the relationship between leukoaraiosis and aphasia in the first year after stroke. We recruited 267 patients with acute left hemispheric stroke and coincident fluid attenuated inversion recovery MRI. Patients were evaluated for aphasia within 5 days of stroke, and 174 patients presented with aphasia acutely. Of these, 84 patients were evaluated at ∼3 months post-stroke or later to assess longer-term speech and language outcomes. Multivariable regression models were fit to the data to identify any relationships between leukoaraiosis and initial aphasia severity, extent of recovery, or longer-term aphasia severity. We found that leukoaraiosis was present to varying degrees in 90% of patients. However, leukoaraiosis did not predict initial aphasia severity, aphasia recovery, or longer-term aphasia severity. The lack of any relationship between leukoaraiosis severity and aphasia recovery may reflect the anatomical distribution of cerebral small vessel disease, which is largely medial to the white matter pathways that are critical for speech and language function.
Metacognitive Information Theory
Authors: Dayan Peter
Published: July 2023

The capacity that subjects have to rate confidence in their choices is a form of metacognition, and can be assessed according to bias, sensitivity and efficiency. Rich networks of domain-specific and domain-general regions of the brain are involved in the rating, and are associated with its quality and its use for regulating the processes of thinking and acting. Sensitivity and efficiency are often measured by quantities called meta–d′ and the M-ratio that are based on reverse engineering the potential accuracy of the original, primary, choice that is implied by the quality of the confidence judgements. Here, we advocate a straightforward measure of sensitivity, called meta–𝓘, which assesses the mutual information between the accuracy of the subject’s choices and the confidence reports, and two normalized versions of this measure that quantify efficiency in different regimes. Unlike most other measures, meta–𝓘-based quantities increase with the number of correctly assessed bins with which confidence is reported. We illustrate meta–𝓘 on data from a perceptual decision-making task, and via a simple form of simulated second-order metacognitive observer.
The Morality of Defensive Force: Replies to Christie, Hecht, and Parry
Authors: Quong Jonathan
Published: July 2023

This article offers a brief synopsis of some of the main claims from The Morality of Defensive Force, and replies to the symposium contributions of Lars Christie, Lisa Hecht, and Jonathan Parry.
Imagining the Elements with Gaston Bachelard and Claire Denis: ‘Weighted’ Images, Drift and Diffusion in L’Intrus/The Intruder
Authors: Walton Saige
Published: July 2023

Adapted from philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy’s semi-autobiographical text, The Intruder remains one of French director Claire Denis’ most transnational and yet dreamlike works. In this article, I pair philosopher Gaston Bachelard (in particular, his concept of the material and dynamic imagination and his reveries on water and air) with Denis to explore how The Intruder enacts an imagining of the elements and an elemental poetics of film form. Bringing Bachelard into a dialogue with Saad Chakali’s, Rosalind Galt’s and Nancy’s writing on the film’s imagery, I also approach The Intruder as an image-poem that is structured by poetically ‘weighted’ images and by recurrent symbolism. Shot through with an oneiric sense of drift, voyaging and diffusion, I explore some of the ways that Denis’s elemental imaginings of air and oceanic water reflect an affective politics.
Bambusicola autumnalis sp. nov., a bambusicolous ascomycete from Sichuan province, China
Authors: LIANG RUI-RU , ZHANG SHENG-NAN , LIU JIAN-KUI
Published: July 2023

During the survey of microfungi diversity in Sichuan province, China, a new bamboo inhabiting ascomycete Bambusicola autumnalis was identified and introduced in this study. Bambusicola autumnalis is characterized by having immersed to erumpent ascostromata, and fusiform, hyaline, 1-septate ascospores surrounded by an inconspicuous mucilaginous sheath, which fits well with the sexual morph of Bambusicola. The phylogenetic analysis based on multi-gene (SSU, ITS, LSU, RPB2, TEF1-α) dataset of taxa within the family Bambusicolaceae showed that B. autumnalis formed a sister lineage to B. guttulata within Bambusicola and representing as a distinct species. Morpho-phylogenetic evidence revealed B. autumnalis is distinct from other Bambusicola species. Notes on the phylogenetic placement and identification of the new species are provided.
Rainbows of Comfort in Rising Seas: How Literalist Bible Interpretations Impact Climate Change Communication in the Marshall Islands
Authors: Simonelli Andrea C. , Novalski Kaitlyn
Published: July 2023

The Republic of the Marshall Islands is beginning to feel the impacts of climate change. Its geography and low-lying landscape have put it at a disadvantage to fight the coming seas. National leadership and environmental groups continue to provide locals with communications about the challenges to come. While climate change is a concept of science, there may be local barriers to its public internalization. This study seeks to determine if there is a relationship between fundamentalist Christian views, climate change communication, and Marshallese perceptions of global environmental change. The Marshall Islands has a deeply religious population, the majority of whom are fundamentalist Christians. A mixed-methods survey is employed to assess the impact that the belief in biblical literalism, the Noahic Covenant, and apocalyptic narratives exert over Marshallese views of environmental change. Results demonstrate that nonelite Marshallese inhabitants do not see climate change as an existential threat but rather as a sign of the end times and the Second Coming of Christ. This has significant implications for human security and migration outcomes if current climate communication methods are ineffective with respect to urgency. If locals see climate impacts through a religious lens, climate change communication must incorporate biblical concepts and address contextual understandings.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to investigate how biblical literalism impacts the way in which Marshall Islanders interpret information on climate change and its impacts. Religion is a strong factor in the development of cosmology and/or worldview of all peoples; it provides a lens through which people understand the events of their existence. Our results show that climate impacts are interpreted by the followers of some literalist sects to be signs of biblical apocalypse. Viewing climate impacts as divine will pose a challenge to the need for relocation planning, adaptation, and personal safety.
Parenting as a Nonshared Environmental Factor: A Sibling Barricade Analysis
Authors: Joyner-Carpanini Bridget , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: July 2023

Research attempting to uncover sources of nonshared environmental influences on behavioral development has highlighted the importance of differential parenting. One way in which parenting may be conceived of as a nonshared environment but has yet to be fully examined in the literature, is through sibling social comparisons. The current study addresses this gap by conducting a series of sibling barricade models examining whether adolescents are affected by their parents’ behaviors toward their siblings. Analyses of the Add Health data supported findings of prior research indicating that parenting is not consistent across siblings, but rather is individualized. Results of the sibling barricade models revealed that differences in parenting toward one child did not, however, explain differences in antisocial behavior between siblings.
Effects of Model Recordings on Undergraduate Conductors’ Tempo Selections
Authors: Silvey Brian A. , Montemayor Mark , Springer D. Gregory , Hall Faith , Fears Robert
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of model recordings on undergraduate conductors’ tempo decisions for selected wind band excerpts. Participants ( N = 42) studied three music score excerpts for 5 minutes each either (a) with an increased-tempo recording, (b) with a decreased-tempo recording, or (c) with a metronome set to the faster, printed tempo in the score, followed by a tapping task to demonstrate their preferred tempo. Participants returned 48 hours after their score study session for retention testing in the form of a second tapping task. Results indicated that for two of the three pieces, participants tapped faster in response to the metronome compared to both the decreased- and increased-tempo model recordings. Participants’ tempo choices at the first testing session were most often not significantly different than the tempos they heard during study. However, we found that participants’ preferred tempos did not vary as a function of study conditions during the retention testing session that occurred 48 hours later, where tempos trended toward moderation across all three musical selections. We speculate that pedagogical recommendations to avoid using model recordings may have limited empirical support, at least among novice conductors and at least in terms of possible long-term effects from short-term use.