bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of interneuron subtypes in controlling trial-by-trial output variability in the neocortex
Authors: Guo Lihao , Kumar Arvind
Published: August 2023

Trial-by-trial variability is a ubiquitous property of neuronal activity in vivo which shapes the stimulus response. Computational models have revealed how local network structure and feedforward inputs shape the trial-by-trial variability. However, the role of input statistics and different interneuron subtypes in this process is less understood. To address this, we investigate the dynamics of stimulus response in a cortical microcircuit model with one excitatory and three inhibitory interneuron populations (PV, SST, VIP). Our findings demonstrate that the balance of inputs to different neuron populations and input covariances are the primary determinants of output trial-by-trial variability. The effect of input covariances is contingent on the input balances. In general, the network exhibits smaller output trial-by-trial variability in a PV-dominated regime than in an SST-dominated regime. Importantly, our work reveals mechanisms by which output trial-by-trial variability can be controlled in a context, state, and task-dependent manner.
Experimental evidence of Förster energy transfer enhancement in the near field through engineered metamaterial surface waves
Authors: Lezhennikova Kseniia , Rustomji Kaizad , Kuhlmey Boris T. , Antonakakis Tryfon , Jomin Pierre , Glybovski Stanislav , de Sterke C. Martijn , Wenger Jérôme , Abdeddaim Redha , Enoch Stefan
Published: August 2023

Plasmonics has been demonstrated to provide fine tuning of the emission properties of single quantum sources (brightness, polarization, directivity, spectrum, lifetime…). However, significantly less is known about the role of surface plasmons in mediating subwavelength Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) when a second emitter is introduced. Here, we report microwave experiments showing that excitation of surface waves on a dedicated metasurface can strongly mediate FRET in the near-field regime. This work paves the way for metasurfaces engineered to control dipole-dipole energy transfer with applications in lighting sources, photovoltaics, quantum information processing and biophysics.
High-harmonic generation in CdTe with ultra-low pump intensity and high photon flux
Authors: Long Zhe , Yang Hang , Tian Kan , He Linzhen , Qin Rui , Chen Zi-Yu , Wang Qi Jie , Liang Houkun
Published: August 2023

An ultra-low pump intensity and high photon flux have been long pursuits of high harmonic generation (HHG) in solids. However, there is lack of a criterion to identify a pristine solid material exhibiting such characteristics. Here, we report systematic investigation into HHG from a cadmium telluride (CdTe) bulk crystal with a flat band dispersion near the Fermi level which leads to a large density of states. The measured pump intensity for the 31st harmonics (229 nm) is only 75 GW/cm2, one order of magnitude lower than that of other pristine crystals including two-dimensional materials reported so far. A comparative measurement shows CdTe has two-to-three orders of magnitude stronger HHG than silicon does, and high HHG yields in the ultraviolet region compared to GaSe. A high photon flux of ~ 6 × 1012 photons/s (5th−8th) with a robust long-time sustainability is obtained. This work offers a route towards compact vacuum ultraviolet laser sources.
Joint optimization of land carbon uptake and albedo can help achieve moderate instantaneous and long-term cooling effects
Authors: Graf Alexander , Wohlfahrt Georg , Aranda-Barranco Sergio , Arriga Nicola , Brümmer Christian , Ceschia Eric , Ciais Philippe , Desai Ankur R. , Di Lonardo Sara , Gharun Mana , Grünwald Thomas , Hörtnagl Lukas , Kasak Kuno , Klosterhalfen Anne , Knohl Alexander , Kowalska Natalia , Leuchner Michael , Lindroth Anders , Mauder Matthias , Migliavacca Mirco , Morel Alexandra C. , Pfennig Andreas , Poorter Hendrik , Terán Christian Poppe , Reitz Oliver , Rebmann Corinna , Sanchez-Azofeifa Arturo , Schmidt Marius , Šigut Ladislav , Tomelleri Enrico , Yu Ke , Varlagin Andrej , Vereecken Harry
Published: August 2023

Both carbon dioxide uptake and albedo of the land surface affect global climate. However, climate change mitigation by increasing carbon uptake can cause a warming trade-off by decreasing albedo, with most research focusing on afforestation and its interaction with snow. Here, we present carbon uptake and albedo observations from 176 globally distributed flux stations. We demonstrate a gradual decline in maximum achievable annual albedo as carbon uptake increases, even within subgroups of non-forest and snow-free ecosystems. Based on a paired-site permutation approach, we quantify the likely impact of land use on carbon uptake and albedo. Shifting to the maximum attainable carbon uptake at each site would likely cause moderate net global warming for the first approximately 20 years, followed by a strong cooling effect. A balanced policy co-optimizing carbon uptake and albedo is possible that avoids warming on any timescale, but results in a weaker long-term cooling effect.
Higher vegetation sensitivity to meteorological drought in autumn than spring across European biomes
Authors: Jin Hongxiao , Vicente-Serrano Sergio M. , Tian Feng , Cai Zhanzhang , Conradt Tobias , Boincean Boris , Murphy Conor , Farizo Begoña Alvarez , Grainger Sam , López-Moreno Juan I. , Eklundh Lars
Published: August 2023

Europe has experienced severe drought events in recent decades, posing challenges to understand vegetation responses due to diverse vegetation distribution, varying growth stages, different drought characteristics, and concurrent hydroclimatic factors. To analyze vegetation response to meteorological drought, we employed multiple vegetation indicators across European biomes. Our findings reveal that vegetation sensitivity to drought increases as the canopy develops throughout the year, with sensitivities from −0.01 in spring to 0.28 in autumn and drought-susceptible areas from 18.5 to 57.8% in Europe. Soil water shortage exacerbates vegetation-drought sensitivity temporally, while its spatial impact is limited. Vegetation-drought sensitivity strongly correlates with vapor pressure deficit and partially with atmospheric CO2concentration. These results highlight the spatiotemporal variations in vegetation-drought sensitivities and the influence of hydroclimatic factors. The findings enhance our understanding of vegetation response to drought and the impact of concurrent hydroclimatic factors, providing valuable sub-seasonal information for water management and drought preparedness.
Quantum Dots in Imaging, Diagnosis, and Targeted Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells
Authors: Ramezani Zahra , Thompson Michael , Mohammadi Elaheh
Published: August 2023

Cancer is a global threat to human life. Early cancer detection and treatment increase the patient’s chance of survival and reduce pain and expenses. Recently, nanotechnology has shown great promise in cancer diagnosis and treatment via targeted drug delivery. Quantum dots (QDs) are a recently discovered type of nanoparticle; they have attracted a great deal of scientific attention because of their potential use in early cancer diagnosis and treatment. QDs are a kind of fluorescent nanoparticle with broad adsorption spectra, narrow tunable emission spectra, high photostability, and a large surface-to-volume ratio. These qualities make them suitable for simultaneous cell imaging and targeted drug delivery. As a result of their small size (below 10 nm), they can penetrate cancer cells, and their narrow emission bands make high-resolution imaging possible. In this chapter, we will discuss QDs’ key features in terms of their relevance to targeted drug delivery, imaging, and biomarker detection for cancer treatment, diagnosis, and prognosis.
Quantitative assessment of cardiomyocyte mechanobiology through high-throughput cantilever-based functional well plate systems
Authors: Kim Jongyun , Shanmugasundaram Arunkumar , Kim Dong-Su , Jeong Yun-Jin , Kanade Pooja P. , Kim Eung-Sam , Lee Bong-Kee , Lee Dong-Weon
Published: August 2023

Proper regulation of the in vitro cell culture environment is essential for disease modelling and drug toxicity screening.
Correction: General method for detecting acrylamide in foods and comprehensive survey of acrylamide in foods sold in Southeast China
Authors: Li Yanping , Li Yuxiang , Chen Hongjing , Zhang Wenting , Yang Yan
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘General method for detecting acrylamide in foods and comprehensive survey of acrylamide in foods sold in Southeast China’ by Li Yangping et al., Anal. Methods, 2023, 15, 2275–2283, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AY00469D
Preparation of Ir–Cu/C nanosheets for the oxygen evolution reaction by room temperature plasma carbonization
Authors: Zhou Wenxin , He Pingni , Wu Andong , Wang Yanyan , Shuai Yu , Zhang Tao , Liu Shucheng , Liu Yi
Published: August 2023

Ir–Cu/C nanosheets prepared by Ar plasma carbonization exhibit enhanced oxygen evolution reaction activity.
Photoredox-catalyzed 1,2-oxo-alkylation of vinyl arenes with 1,3-diketones: an approach to 1,4-dicarbonyls via C–C activation
Authors: Palani Pushbaraj , Arumugam Ajithkumar , Raja Dineshkumar , Muthu Kesavan , Senadi Gopal Chandru
Published: August 2023

A mild approach to 1,4-diketones in moderate to excellent yields via 1,2-oxo alkylation has been developed using visible-light photocatalysis. The notable feature is the late-stage functionalization of thymol and ibuprofen derivatives.
Aromatization of cyclic hydrocarbons via thioether elimination reaction
Authors: Liu Yang , Feng Yingqi , Nie Jinli , Xie Sijie , Pen Xin , Hong Huanliang , Chen Xiuwen , Chen Lu , Li Yibiao
Published: August 2023

The diversity-oriented aromatization of cyclic hydrocarbons via EtOCS2K/NH4I-mediated methylthiyl radical addition and thioether elimination was investigated.
Synthesis of fused energetic compounds using structural modification from local carbonyl to hydroxylamine/hydrazone
Authors: Lei Caijin , Xiao Chuan , Tang Jie , Yang Hongwei , Zhang Qinghua , Cheng Guangbin
Published: August 2023

Hydroxylamine-substituted compound 2 possesses higher density (1.905 g cm−3), superior overall detonation properties (D = 9201 m s−1, P = 38.4 GPa), with better mechanical sensitivities (IS = 30 J, FS = 360 N) than those of RDX.
The enol of propionic acid
Authors: Danho Akkad , Mardyukov Artur , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate the gas-phase synthesis of prop-1-ene-1,1-diol, the hitherto unreported higher energy tautomer of propionic acid.
Electron delocalization in defect-containing graphene and its influence on tetrel bond formation
Authors: Bartashevich Ekaterina V. , Levina Elena O. , Yushina Irina D. , Sozykin Sergey A. , Tsirelson Vladimir G.
Published: August 2023

The nature of noncovalent bonds in defect-containing graphene was clarified via fermionic potential which serves as a descriptor of electron pair (de)localization. Carbons on the edge of a vacancy defect are able to form intralayer tetrel bonds.
Vacancy defects impede the transition from peapods to diamond: a neuroevolution machine learning study
Authors: Li Yu , Jiang Jin-Wu
Published: August 2023

The effect of vacancy defects on structural transitions in carbon peapods is investigated via developed machine-learned potential based on the neuroevolution potential framework.
Constructing Fe2O3 nanoparticles in nitrogen-doped carbon materials to enhance the electrochemical sensing performance of Pb2+ and Cd2+
Authors: Wu Shiya , Lyu Renliang , Xiong Wei , Xing Xiujing , Li Hao
Published: August 2023

N-doped carbon materials are known for their high conductivity, rich N content, and high adsorption activity.
Design considerations for the bottom cell in perovskite/silicon tandems: a terawatt scalability perspective
Authors: Wright Matthew , Vicari Stefani Bruno , Jones Timothy W. , Hallam Brett , Soeriyadi Anastasia , Wang Li , Altermatt Pietro , Snaith Henry J. , Wilson Gregory J. , Bonilla Ruy Sebastian
Published: August 2023

This review details the design considerations for the bottom silicon cell in perovskite/silicon tandems. The review highlights the shift in mindset required when transitioning to the mass production of tandem solar cells.
Wide-temperature-range sodium-metal batteries: from fundamentals and obstacles to optimization
Authors: Sun Yu , Li Jing-Chang , Zhou Haoshen , Guo Shaohua
Published: August 2023

This review comprehensively summarizes the operation fundamentals of SMBs in different environments and proposes various targeted optimization strategies.
Impact of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) on secondary sludge microorganisms: removal, potential toxicity, and their implications on existing wastewater treatment regulations in Canada
Authors: Ilieva Zanina , Hania Patricia , Suehring Roxana , Gilbride Kimberley , Hamza Rania
Published: August 2023

There is limited data on perfluorinated PFAS, with PFOS and PFOA dominating the research field. Laboratory studies with these two compounds demonstrate potential biodegradation and bioadsorption, but also show negative impacts on the performance of AS and AGS after long-term exposure.
Spiers Memorial Lecture: Old but new organic electrosynthesis: history and recent remarkable developments
Authors: Fuchigami Toshio
Published: August 2023

Organic electrolytic synthesis is experiencing a second renaissance and is expected to develop more and more as a comprehensive field, focusing on organic synthesis, but also producing the materials necessary to enrich our lives.
Electrochemical nitration for organic C–N bond formation: a current view on possible N-sources, mechanisms, and technological feasibility
Authors: Kurig Nils , Palkovits Regina
Published: August 2023

Rethinking nitration: sustainable electrochemical C-N functionalization. This work reviews diverse inorganic nitrogen sources for fine chemical production, with a perspective on innovative pathways to harness alternative nitrogen sources' potential.
Electrochemical cascade sequences for remote C7–H bond thiocyanation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with ammonium thiocyanate
Authors: Maity Rajib , Bankura Abhijit , Das Indrajit
Published: August 2023

Electrochemical cascade sequences for regioselective direct C7-thiocyanation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with ammonium thiocyanate have been developed.
Core–shell construction of metal@carbon by mechanochemically recycling plastic wastes: towards an efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhao Jiahua , Niu Qiang , Zhang Junjun , Zhang Pengfei
Published: August 2023

Development of a “new” mechanochemical recycling process to up-cycle plastic wastes into high-value electrode materials with tunable core–shell structures anchored on a porous carbon support.
MXene and their integrated composite-based acetone sensors for monitoring of diabetes
Authors: Gupta Monu , Verma Arpit , Chaudhary Priyanka , Yadav B. C.
Published: August 2023

For present-day technological advancements, the MXene family is a highly investigated material in the family of van der Waals heterostructures.
Nanoclay-based conductive and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of silver-decorated polyaniline and its nanocomposites
Authors: Moolemane Revanasiddappa , Nayak Haridasa , Marudhachalam Naveen , Coimbatore Venkatasubramanian Anantha Krishnan , Arunachalam Chandra Anirudh Raj , Murugappan Iyyappan Arun , Krishna Suresh Babu Naidu
Published: August 2023

Polymer composite materials have seen rapid growth in popularity over the past two decades due to their ability to successfully combine the benefits of several different polymer composites into a single product.
Diversely functionalized isoquinolines and their core-embedded heterocyclic frameworks: a privileged scaffold for medicinal chemistry
Authors: Vijayakumar Archana , Manod M. , Krishna R. Bharath , Mathew Abra , Mohan Chithra
Published: August 2023

This review will be an essential toolbox for medicinal and bioorganic chemists seeking novel multifunctional hybrid and bioactive N-heterocycles for drug discovery. The work highlights the need for and relevance of unexplored bioisosterism employing isoquinoline-based small-molecules in drug design.
Dual-color core–shell silica nanosystems for advanced super-resolution biomedical imaging
Authors: Ramirez-Morales Maria Antonieta , De Luca Elisa , Coricciati Chiara , Rainer Alberto , Gigli Giuseppe , Mele Giuseppe , Pompa Pier Paolo , Malvindi Maria Ada
Published: August 2023

Tailored synthesis and biotin-functionalization of dual-colored SiO2 nanoparticles as tools for advanced super-resolution microscopy imagining in biomedical approaches.
Interfacial electronic engineering of a Ni3ZnC0.7/Ni heterostructure embedded in N-doped carbon nanotubes for efficient alkaline electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Feng Liangliang , Yin Hongyan , Dai Lina , Zhang Yonghui , Fu Changle , Cao Liyun , Li Yuhang , Zhao Dan , Xie Yajie , Huang Jianfeng
Published: August 2023

A novel Ni3ZnC0.7/Ni heterostructure embedded in N-doped carbon nanotubes was synthesized by a facile one-step pyrolysis protocol, exhibiting prominent electrocatalytic HER performance.
Recent progress in metal–organic frameworks for the separation of gaseous hydrocarbons
Authors: Li Jing-Hong , Chen Jun-Xian , Lin Rui-Biao , Chen Xiao-Ming
Published: August 2023

This review highlights recent research progress in MOF materials for the important separation of gaseous hydrocarbons, especially for ethylene, propylene, and butadiene. The uniqueness of MOFs to achieve those progress is also outlined.
Recent progress in metal halide perovskite photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Xing , Peng Yu , Yang Shuang , Yang Hua Gui , Hou Yu
Published: August 2023

The basic design principles and recent progress in halide perovskite-based photocatalysts are summarized, aiming to achieve efficient and stable photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Seasonal cold induces divergent structural/biochemical adaptations in different skeletal muscles of Columba livia: evidence for nonshivering thermogenesis in adult birds
Authors: Pani Punyadhara , Swalsingh Gourabamani , Pani Sunil , Senapati Unmod , Sahu Bijayashree , Pati Benudhara , Rout Subhasmita , Bal Naresh C.
Published: August 2023

Birds are endothermic homeotherms even though they lack the well-studied heat producing brown adipose tissue (BAT), found in several clades of eutherian mammals. Earlier studies in ducklings have demonstrated that skeletal muscle is the primary organ of nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) plausibly via futile calcium (Ca2+)-handling through ryanodine receptor (RyR) and sarco–endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). However, recruitment of futile Ca2+-cycling in adult avian skeletal muscle has not been documented. Studies in mammals show remarkable mitochondrial remodeling concurrently with muscle NST during cold. Here, we wanted to define the mitochondrial and biochemical changes in the muscles in free-ranging adult birds and whether different skeletal muscle groups undergo similar seasonal changes. We analyzed four different muscles (pectoralis, biceps, triceps and iliotibialis) from local pigeon (Columba livia) collected during summer and winter seasons in two consecutive years. Remarkable increase in mitochondrial capacity was observed as evidenced from succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity staining in all the muscles. Interestingly, fibers with low SDH activity exhibited greater cross-sectional area during winter in all muscles except iliotibialis and became peripherally arranged in individual fascicles of pectoralis, which might indicate increased shivering. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed that SERCA, sarcolipin and RyR are up-regulated to different levels in the muscles analyzed indicating muscle NST via futile Ca2+-cycling is recruited to varying degrees in winter. Moreover, proteins of mitochondrial-SR-tethering and biogenesis also showed differential alterations across the muscles. These data suggest that tropical winter (∼15°C) is sufficient to induce distinct remodeling across muscles in adult bird.
Exercise ameliorates skeletal muscle insulin resistance by modulating GRK4-mediated D1R expression
Authors: Tao Yu , Luo Wenbin , Chen Yue , Chen Caiyu , Chen Shengnan , Li Xiaoping , Chen Ken , Zeng Chunyu
Published: August 2023

Exercise has been recommended as a nonpharmaceutical therapy to treat insulin resistance (IR). Previous studies showed that dopamine D1-like receptor agonists, such as fenoldopam, could improve peripheral insulin sensitivity, while antipsychotics, which are dopamine receptor antagonists, increased susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Meanwhile, exercise has been proved to stimulate dopamine receptors. However, whether the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is involved in exercise-mediated amelioration of IR remains unclear. We found that the D1-like receptor antagonist, SCH23390, reduced the effect of exercise on lowering blood glucose and insulin in insulin-resistant mice and inhibited the contraction-induced glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. Similarly, the opposite was true for the D1-like receptor agonist, fenoldopam. Furthermore, the expression of D1R was decreased in skeletal muscles from streptozotocin (STZ)- and high-fat intake-induced T2DM mice, accompanied by increased D1R phosphorylation, which was reversed by exercise. A screening study showed that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) may be the candidate kinase for the regulation of D1R function, because, in addition to the increased GRK4 expression in skeletal muscles of T2DM mice, GRK4 transgenic T2DM mice exhibited lower insulin sensitivity, accompanied by higher D1R phosphorylation than control mice, whereas the AAV9-shGRK4 mice were much more sensitive to insulin than AAV9-null mice. Mechanistically, the up-regulation of GRK4 expression caused by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in IR was ascribed to the enhanced expression of c-Myc, a transcriptional factor of GRK4. Taken together, the present study shows that exercise, via regulation of ROS/c-Myc/GRK4 pathway, ameliorates D1R dysfunction and improves insulin sensitivity.
Sentence Length Effects on Intelligibility in Two Groups of Older Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Darling-White Meghan , Polkowitz Rachel
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of sentence length on intelligibility in two groups of older children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.

Method:

Nine children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) and eight children diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS), between the ages of 8 and 17 years, repeated sentences varying in length from two to seven words. Three hundred forty adult listeners (20 listeners per child) provided orthographic transcriptions of children's speech, which were used to calculate intelligibility scores.

Results:

There was a significant main effect of sentence length on intelligibility for children with CP. Intelligibility significantly increased from two- and three-word sentences to four-, five-, and six-word sentences, then significantly decreased from four-, five-, and six-word sentences to seven-word sentences. There was a main effect of sentence length on intelligibility for children with DS. Intelligibility significantly increased from two-word sentences to four-, five-, and six-word sentences.

Conclusions:

The primary findings of this study include the following: (a) Unlike in typically developing children, sentence length continues to influence intelligibility well into adolescence for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, and (b) sentence length may influence intelligibility differently in children with CP than in children with DS; however, other factors besides the type of neurodevelopmental disorder (e.g., severity of speech motor involvement and/or cognitive–linguistic impairment) could play a role in the relationship between sentence length and intelligibility and must be investigated in future studies.
Multi‐rate event‐triggered control with imperfect data for dense medium separation
Authors: Dai Wei , Yang Yi‐Zhuo , Zhang Qi‐Rui , Yang Chun‐Yu , Ma Xiao‐Ping
Published: August 2023

The stability control of suspension density is an important means to ensure the quality of fine coal in dense medium separation (DMS) process. This paper focuses on the tracking control issue of the dense medium suspension density in a non‐uniform sampling and networked control environment, and proposes a multi‐rate event trigger control design method. Firstly, lifting technique and multi‐rate identification method are adopted to establish the multi‐rate model. Secondly, a multi‐rate event‐triggered predictive control (MEPC) algorithm is proposed to reduce the waste of communication resources and ensure tracking performance. Furthermore, by using a Kalman filter to eliminate the effects of noise and developing a compensation mechanism to predict the lost data, a robust MEPC (RMEPC) algorithm is further proposed for imperfect data in the actual production process. Finally, the hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation experiments with actual parameters of coal preparation plant have been carried out, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Quantum protocol for decision making and verifying truthfulness among N‐quantum parties: Solution and extension of the quantum coin flipping game
Authors: Ikeda Kazuki , Lowe Adam
Published: August 2023

The authors devised a protocol that allows two parties, who may malfunction or intentionally convey incorrect information in communication through a quantum channel, to verify each other's measurements and agree on each other's results. This has particular relevance in a modified version of the quantum coin flipping game. The key innovation of the authors’ work includes the new design of a quantum coin that excludes any advantage of cheating, by which the long‐standing problem of the fair design of the game is, affirmatively, solved. Furthermore, the analysis is extended to N‐parties communicating with each other, where multiple solutions for the verification of each player's measurement is proposed. The results in the N‐party scenario could have particular relevance for the implementation of future quantum networks, where verification of quantum information is a necessity.
Analysis of outage performance in a 6G‐V2X communications system utilising free‐space optical quantum key distribution
Authors: Yuan Hu , Fowler Daniel S. , Maple Carsten , Epiphaniou Gregory
Published: August 2023

Quantum‐based technologies will provide system engineers with new capabilities for securing data communications. The UK AirQKD project has implemented a Free‐Space Optical Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system to enable the continuous generation of symmetric encryption keys. One of the use cases for the generated keys is to secure Vehicle‐to‐Everything (V2X) communications. V2X applications would benefit from the certificate‐free security provided by QKD for a post‐quantum society. How FSO‐QKD could integrate into a V2X architecture is examined. An overview of V2X is provided with the role that FSO‐QKD could secure V2X data though some obstacles exist. One of the issues with 6G communications is the potential line‐of‐sight (LOS) considerations between the V2X devices. The modelling required for LOS is examined to analyse the outage performance of the building to infrastructure links in the 6G architecture. The results from the model show that further work is required if 6G LOS communications are going to be relied upon for future safety‐critical V2X applications.
A two‐stage adaptive‐robust optimization model for active distribution network with high penetration wind power generation
Authors: Li Chen , Li Yahan , Xia Shiwei , Wang Peng , Ge Qing , Song Liangyun , Li Yukai
Published: August 2023

High penetration of uncertain wind power generation brings challenges to power system operational security and economy. Here, an adjustable box uncertainty set is first presented to characterize the spatiotemporal correlation of multiple wind power generations. Afterward, a two‐stage risk‐adjusted robust energy dispatching model is established as a min‐max‐min optimization problem for active distribution networks operating with high penetration wind power generation. Then a three‐layer Nest Column and Constraint Generation (NCCG) decomposition approach is designed to efficiently solve the proposed model. Finally, the proposed two‐stage adaptive robust optimization model and NCCG approach are validated by a distribution network with uncertain wind power generations, and the simulation results indicate the distribution network operation economy could be compromised with robustness by adjusting the conservative regulation parameter.
Ammonia as fuel for Gas Turbine
Authors: Bellotti D. , Meloni R. , Pucci E.
Published: August 2023

Ammonia has recently gained attention as a potential alternative fuel for gas turbines due to its relatively high energy density and mainly its low environmental impact since there is no CO2 production during the combustion. In this study, we evaluate the integration of a Power to Ammonia to Power process(P2A2P) with a system for power generation and investigate the impact of the use of ammonia in gas turbines from technical, energetic, and environmental points of view. First, the P2A2P system layout is defined and then the scale-up of the process is evaluated to be integrated with a commercial medium-size Gas Turbine. The optimization of the size and Balance Of Plant (BOP) of the P2A2P process and the integration with the GT system are evaluated also considering the impact on the GT system. Moreover, a generic radial-tangential swirler representing a first design attempt to study the retrofittability of a natural gas-designed combustion chamber to operate with an NH3-H2fuel blend is investigated. The results from dedicated experimental tests and the corresponding CFD simulations are discussed with a strong focus on the NOx pollutant emission representing one of the main limiting factors for ammonia as fuel.
A comparison of strategies to extend the operating range of radial compressors for turbocharging
Authors: Cravero Carlo , Marsano Davide
Published: August 2023

The operating range extension of radial compressors is a crucial aspect in turbocharging the internal combustion engines in order to extend the operating range of the system at high efficiency for fuel and environmental impact reduction. The future scenario of automotive propulsion will have the fuel cells at the top of the ranking of possible reference systems in substitution of thermal reciprocating engines. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells for automotive or aerospace vehicles are frequently turbocharged because compressed air for the fuel cell stack is required in the cathode system. Therefore, like in turbocharged internal combustion engines, a radial compressor is combined and connected with a radial turbine to exploit the thermal energy of the exhaust gas from the fuel cell. The study and the development of this sort of radial turbomachinery is still strategic to guarantee high performance of the overall propulsion system. The operating range is an important issue and current turbocharger design must be adapted to the new requirements of the fuel cells systems with a need for extending it. Various techniques to extend the operating range of the centrifugal compressor have been investigated and a summary is reported in this work, with a focus on the casing treatment. Through a CFD simulation campaign with appropriate simplified models, the effects of installing the ported shroud, the shutter or the axial groove have been calculated with respect to a baseline configuration. These simulations have supported the identification of the main limits and advantages for each of these solutions at different operating regimes. The performance maps and some physical parameters of interest have been compared.
Power to gas plant for the production of bio-methane: Technoeconomic optimization
Authors: Lanni Davide , Perna Alessandra , Minutillo Mariagiovanna , Di Micco Simona , Jannelli Elio
Published: August 2023

In this work, a power to bio-methane plant in which the biogas is produced from an anaerobic digester plant and the hydrogen is generated by using an electrolysis unit powered by a renewable plant (photovoltaic or wind-based), is designed and sized. The plant sizing is carried out by applying a techno-economic multi-objective black box optimization approach. A numerical code, built by using the Matlab software package, is used to evaluate components sizes and to assess plant costs. This code is implemented in an optimization workflow developed in the modeFRONTIER environment. This approach allows to identify the optimal size of the plants components with the aim of maximizing the annual bio-methane producibility and minimizing its levelized cost. The results show that for a low-price electricity scenario (45 €/MWh) the minimum levelized cost of bio-methane (LCOBM), equal to 84.6 €/MWh, is obtained adopting the PV-based configuration. On the contrary, considering an high-price scenario (135 €/MWh), the minimum LCOBM is obtained for the Wind-based plant and is equal to 34.9 €/MWh.
High-Efficient Bladeless Expander Concept
Authors: Renuke Avinash , Reggio Federico , Traverso Alberto , Pascenti Matteo , Silvestri Paolo
Published: August 2023

Tesla bladeless expanders are promising in energy harvesting and small-scale power generation applications due to their lower cost and simplicity in design. Although such expanders exhibit very high rotor efficiency (analytical total to static efficiency ~ 90%), it shows poor performance when coupled with a stator (experimental total to static efficiency ~30%) due to losses present in the stator and stator-rotor interaction. This paper presents the design and experiment of a novel, high-efficient Tesla bladeless expander concept. The concept arises from the loss phenomena in the stator-rotor interaction in conventional bladeless expanders, which are among the main causes of the low performance. This concept is believed to bring the bladeless expanders to the same performances as the traditional ones with vanes, compared to which however the bladeless machines boast greater simplicity, robustness, and the absence of performance decay as the size decreases, competing even in the contexts for traditional turbomachinery. The high-efficient bladeless expander prototype with water as a working fluid is designed and developed, representing the similitude case for a liquid butane heat pump. The available isentropic power across the throttling process in the butane case is 3.3 kW @10000 rpm. The turbine consists of 24 nozzles and 150 disks separated by 0.1 mm spacers. The turbine shaft is connected to the high-speed electric generator. The performance test on the expander is carried out at rotational speeds ranging from 3000 rpm to 6200 rpm and with differential pressure across the expander up to 14 bar. Experimental ventilation loss is characterised and its effect on the performance of the expander is discussed. The preliminary results of the expander under investigation showed satisfactory production of power with an acceptable efficiency range. It is also shown that the present concept is promising and able to address the major i.e., stator-rotor interaction which is the major source of loss in the traditional bladeless expander.
IANOS: Innovative energy storage solutions for the decarbonization of geographical islands
Authors: Gonçalves de Carvalho Ana , José Martins Carlos , Boekema Johan , de Boer Erwin , Dijkstra Jacob , Bezas Napoleon , Papadopoulos Charalampos , Skopetou Niki , Iliadis Petros , Al-Saadi Mohammed , Da Ronch Samuele
Published: August 2023

Geographical Islands experience harsh climate conditions resulting in diminished reliability of their grid. IANOS, a project funded by the European Commission, is developing technologies to overcome these challenges and allow for the secure decarbonisation of islands. The project will deploy and use storage technologies in two islands: Terceira, in Portugal, and Ameland, in the Netherlands. These include a 100kW/3kWh flywheel; thirty-five 2kW private fuel cells; sixteen 3kW/3kWh electrochemical batteries; two large-scale Battery Energy Storage System (BESS); a biobased saline battery of 120kWh; and twenty-four heat batteries of 3.5kWhth. These technologies, managed by an intelligent Virtual Power Plant (iVPP) also developed within the project, will be used for the maximisation of demand-side self-consumption, as well as for the provision of ancillary services, targeting the maximum economic and environmental benefit for the population and the island’s grid. In this paper, the specifications of each storage technology are described, as well as the impacts on the grid stability. The role of storage technologies in the decarbonisation of geographical islands will be emphasized.
Energy dissipation under natural vibrations of viscoelastic composite cylindrical shells
Authors: Nuriddinov Bakhtiyor , Karimov Isroil , Namozov Jasur , Ismoilova Zamira , Ibragimova Dilshoda
Published: August 2023

Structures consisting of three-layer shells are widely used in various fields of engineering and technology, the construction of nuclear power plants, power and chemical engineering and other areas of the national economy. The aim of the work is to study the issue of energy dissipation during natural vibrations of viscoelastic composite cylindrical shells. The paper considers a general technique for wave propagation in multilayer viscoelastic cylinders. Based on the energy approach, formulas are obtained for the energy dissipation coefficients corresponding to each vibration mode of multilayer cylindrical shells. As an example, a three-layer viscoelastic shell is considered. The relationship between stresses and strains satisfies the hereditary Boltzmann-Volterra integral. When solving the problem, the Green-Lemb expansion, the method of special functions of mathematical physics, and the Muller method are used. The non-monotonic nature of the dependence of the damping coefficients on the geometric and physical-mechanical parameters of three-layer structures is shown. A technique and algorithm have been developed for studying energy dissipation during natural vibrations of viscoelastic composite cylindrical shells. It is found that the energy dissipation depends on the number of layers, and the energy dissipation intensity can take minimum values depending on the angular coordinate.
Regulation of quantum communications in the “smart city” information system
Authors: Minbaleev A.V. , Evsikov K.S.
Published: August 2023

Different countries are creating and improving information systems that increase the efficiency of city management. Their research takes place within the concept of a smart city. The article considers the formation of this concept in the Russian Federation and its evolution abroad. Information systems “smart city” involve the transfer of a significant amount of data, protected by the methods of classical cryptography, through communication lines. The level of development of quantum technologies allowed us to conclude that this method of information security will not be effective in the medium term. Smart city systems have already lost their cryptographic strength for retrospective attacks. The article analyzes data protection options for information system smart city under quantum threat conditions. Based on the classification of city services, the authors propose a differentiated approach to information security, combining post-quantum cryptography and quantum communication technologies. This will allow the optimal use of public resources and create a smart city information system resistant to quantum computer attacks. We completed this article within the Governmental Assignment: “Russian Legal System in the Realities of Digital Transformation of Society and State: Adaptation and Prospects for Responding to Modern Challenges and Threats (FSMW-2023-0006)”. Registration number: 1022040700002-6-5.5.1.
Robotization of industrial production using exoskeletons with textile elements
Authors: Yatsun Andrey , Malchikov Andrei , Nikulin Yaroslav
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the design of the upper limps exoskeleton on a textile basis is considered as a means of increasing the efficiency of manual labor at industrial facilities and enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. The material presents an analysis of existing exoskeleton solutions, features of the implementation of assistance in the considered exoskeleton, presents a mathematical apparatus that describes the movements of the exoskeleton and the results of numerical simulation. Conclusions are drawn about the applicability of the proposed solutions to facilitate the manual labor of workers in industrial enterprises.
Building data marts to analyze university faculty activities using power BI
Authors: Karabtsev Sergei , Kotov Roman , Davzit Ivan , Gurov Evgeny
Published: August 2023

Evaluating the performance of university faculty is a hard task because of the diversity of the work performed. The authors assume that the founder of the university evaluates the effectiveness of the university according to performing the teaching staff. The aim of the study is to improve the monitoring of key performance indicators of the university teaching staff based on data management. The authors present an information system to support decision-making related to the teaching staff at Kemerovo State University. The authors of the paper describe creating such a system using Business Intelligence technologies step by step. The authors identified data sources, designed the structure of the data mart and built ETL-processes for its filling, implemented various analytical dashboards. Implementing the information system in the daily activities of the university allows responding promptly to changes in the key indicators, forecasting their further change, deciding on activation of efforts in the chosen direction or types of work.
Mathematical modeling of the influence of technological parameters of rotary molding on the amplitude of the ultrasonic bottom signal
Authors: Zhanibekov Nurzhan , Stanislav Brilkov
Published: August 2023

In recent years, the processing of polymer materials has undergone significant changes due to the introduction of digital technologies. This article discusses the integration of high-tech methods and tools that ensure reliability, flexibility and optimization of production processes. In particular, emphasis is placed on the choice of non-destructive testing methods to ensure product quality, especially in the production of polymer products by rotary molding. The article discusses the problems associated with incomplete sintering and thermal oxidative decomposition of polyethylene, which have a significant impact on the quality of products. Traditional methods of control, such as visual inspection and ultrasound control, are presented, and their limitations are discussed. The main attention is paid to the application of the ultrasonic method of non-destructive testing to detect incomplete sintering of polyethylene. The authors propose a formula based on probabilistic-deterministic planning, which takes into account the combined effect of temperature and plastic thickness on the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal. This formula demonstrates high reliability, estimated by the coefficient of nonlinear multiple correlation. The use of non-destructive testing methods in the production of polymer products by rotary molding allows us to ensure high quality products and prevent possible breakdowns and accidents during operation. This article represents an important contribution to the field of quality control of polymer products and opens up new opportunities for optimizing production processes.
Development of the technology for diagnostic assessment of scientific, technical and financial risks of technology integration with production systems
Authors: Keresten Ilya , Tereshchenko Vladislav , Miller Maxim , Davydov Alexey
Published: August 2023

The paper deals with the definition and measurement of scientific, technical and financial risks of technology integration in business processes. The aim of the paper is to develop the methodological tools for the diagnostic assessment of risks as a result of technology integration with production systems. Two groups of scientific methods were used in the study. The first group (the method of logic and the method of theory construction) was used to develop the technology of diagnostic risk assessment. The second group of methods is a part of the proposed technology (document analysis, expert survey, grouping and description methods, expert analytical and calculation methods, as well as the method of expected value). These methods as an objective and subjective basis of the research are aimed at providing the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the potential events that pose the scientific, technical and financial threats for technology integration in business processes. The main results of the study are the technologically related diagnostic and evaluation steps helping to determine the risks of technology integration in the industrial sector. The paper proposes the necessary tools (methods) and discusses the expected result of their use in the written form for each stage (and sub-stage) of the technology for diagnostic risk assessment.
The impact of digital technologies on the quality of life of the population: measurement methodologies and assessment results
Authors: Kolosova Olga , Salkutsan Sergey , Efremova Marina , Shimin Nikolai , Chkalova Olga
Published: August 2023

The article summarizes the results of studies of scientific approaches to the measurement and evaluation of the quality of life in the application of digital technology. The authors studied the state of development of digital technologies and identified priority areas of digitalization in the Russian Federation. The article, based on the results of studies published in open sources, systematized indicators of the quality of life in certain countries of the world. The authors also substantiated the need to develop new methods of assessing the quality of life in the context of the increasing role of digital technologies.
Managing the digitalization of business processes in an organization
Authors: Kukharenko E. , Yankevskiy A.
Published: August 2023

This article presents the results of scientific research on the selection and justification of indicators and criteria for evaluating the digitalization of business processes from the point of view of optimizing the management of an international geographically distributed organization, taking into account the peculiarities of the legal field and socio-ethnographic features. A set of methodological recommendations and practical measures has been developed, tested and presented, as well as steps and approaches to implement the tasks set from the point of finding the optimal set of estimated and optimized parameters. A mathematical model has been constructed and modeling has been carried out taking into account the optimization of the above-mentioned tasks from the point of view of the optimum of their functioning. The methodology and practical steps discussed in the material are at the stage of implementation in the organization. Some of the systems are already in use in commercial operation, some are at the stage of acceptance tests and in the process of reconciling disagreements between the participants in the interaction process.