bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Winds at the Mars 2020 Landing Site. 2. Wind Variability and Turbulence
Authors: Viúdez‐Moreiras D. , de la Torre M. , Gómez‐Elvira J. , Lorenz R. D. , Apéstigue V. , Guzewich S. , Mischna M. , Sullivan R. , Herkenhoff K. , Toledo D. , Lemmon M. , Smith M. , Newman C. E. , Sánchez‐Lavega A. , Rodríguez‐Manfredi J. A. , Richardson M. , Hueso R. , Harri A. M. , Tamppari L. , Arruego I. , Bell J.
Published: December 2022

Wind speeds measured by the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover in Jezero crater were fitted as a Weibull distribution. InSight wind data acquired in Elysium Planitia were also used to contextualize observations. Jezero winds were found to be much calmer on average than in previous landing sites, despite the intense aeolian activity observed. However, a great influence of turbulence and wave activity was observed in the wind speed variations, thus driving the probability of reaching the highest wind speeds at Jezero, instead of sustained winds driven by local, regional, or large‐scale circulation. The power spectral density of wind speed fluctuations follows a power‐law, whose slope deviates depending on the time of day from that predicted considering homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. Daytime wave activity is related to convection cells and smaller eddies in the boundary layer, advected over the crater. The signature of convection cells was also found during dust storm conditions, when prevailing winds were consistent with a tidal drive. Nighttime fluctuations were also intense, suggesting strong mechanical turbulence. Convective vortices were usually involved in rapid wind fluctuations and extreme winds, with variations peaking at 9.2 times the background winds. Transient high wind events by vortex‐passages, turbulence, and wave activity could be driving aeolian activity at Jezero. We report the detection of a strong dust cloud of 0.75–1.5 km in length passing over the rover. The observed aeolian activity had major implications for instrumentation, with the wind sensor suffering damage throughout the mission, probably due to flying debris advected by winds.
Increased Productivity in the Equatorial Pacific During the Deglaciation Inferred From the Ba/Ca Ratios of Non‐Spinose Planktic Foraminifera
Authors: Fritz‐Endres Theresa , Fehrenbacher Jennifer S. , Russell Ann D. , Cynar Haley
Published: December 2022

The production and export of organic matter to deep‐sea sediments is a key driver in modulating glacial‐interglacial carbon cycles. Yet, it remains unsettled whether productivity has increased or decreased over glacial‐interglacial transitions, in part because productivity proxies may be complicated by sediment re‐deposition and diagenetic alterations. Here, we explore using non‐spinose foraminifera Ba/Ca ratios as a proxy for surface ocean productivity. We analyze foraminifera Ba/Ca ratios since the Last Glacial Maximum in cores that span a productivity gradient along the equatorial Pacific. Ba/Ca is low and invariable in the spinose species Trilobatus sacculifer. In contrast, Ba/Ca is higher and more variable in the non‐spinose species Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata. Ba/Ca enrichment in non‐spinose species is hypothesized to be linked to the degradation of organic matter within the species' particulate microhabitat and reflects surface ocean particulate organic matter productivity at the time of shell calcification (Fehrenbacher et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.03.008). Ba/Ca in core‐top and sediment trap derived non‐spinose foraminifera correlate with organic matter productivity. We reconstruct an increase in non‐spinose species Ba/Ca during the deglacial in the western and eastern equatorial Pacific and suggest this may be linked to an increase in productivity, as observed in several other regional records. The 16–17 ka BP peak in non‐spinose foraminifera Ba/Ca is evident in specimens obtained from a deep ocean core and from regions that experience sediment focusing, suggesting the Ba/Ca proxy may be useful even in regions where samples are poorly preserved or complicated by sediment re‐deposition.
Sleep state organisation of moderate to late preterm infants in the neonatal unit
Authors: Ryan Mary Anne J. , Mathieson Sean R. , Livingstone Vicki , O’Sullivan Marc Paul , Dempsey Eugene M. , Boylan Geraldine B.
Published: December 2022

Background

Sleep supports neurodevelopment and sleep architecture reflects brain maturation. This prospective observational study describes the nocturnal sleep architecture of healthy moderate to late preterm (MLP) infants in the neonatal unit at 36 weeks post menstrual age (PMA).

Methods

MLP infants, in the neonatal unit of a tertiary hospital in Ireland from 2017 to 2018, had overnight continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) with video for a minimum 12 h at 36 weeks PMA. The total sleep time (TST) including periods of active sleep (AS), quiet sleep (QS), indeterminate sleep (IS), wakefulness and feeding were identified, annotated and quantified.

Results

A total of 98 infants had cEEG with video monitoring suitable for analysis. The median (IQR) of TST in the 12 h period was 7.09 h (IQR 6.61–7.76 h), 4.58 h (3.69–5.09 h) in AS, 2.02 h (1.76–2.36 h) in QS and 0.65 h (0.48–0.89 h) in IS. The total duration of AS was significantly lower in infants born at lower GA (p = 0.007) whilst the duration of individual QS periods was significantly higher (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Overnight cEEG with video at 36 weeks PMA showed that sleep state architecture is dependent on birth GA. Infants with a lower birth GA have less AS and more QS that may have implications for later neurodevelopment.

Impact

EEG provides objective information about the sleep organisation of the moderate to late preterm (MLP) infant.

Quantitative changes in sleep states occur with each week of advancing gestational age (GA).

Active sleep (AS) is the dominant sleep state that was significantly lower in infants born at lower GA.

MLP infants who were exclusively fed orally had a shorter total sleep time and less AS compared to infants who were fed via nasogastric tube.
Sex-specific roles of hippocampal microRNAs in stress vulnerability and resilience
Authors: Krispil-Alon Maayan , Jovasevic Vladimir , Radulovic Jelena , Richter-Levin Gal
Published: December 2022

Contrary to intuition, most individuals are resilient to psychological trauma and only a minority is vulnerable. Men and women are known to respond differently to trauma exposure, however, mechanisms underlying the relationship between sex differences and trauma resilience and vulnerability are not yet fully understood. Taking advantage of the Behavioral Profiling approach, which enables differentiating between ‘affected’ and ‘unaffected’ individuals, we examined sex-associated differences in stress exposure effects on hippocampal expression of selected stress-related GABA-A receptor targeting miRNAs. Levels of the miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 were measured in male and female affected (vulnerable, e.g., higher freezing time) and unaffected (resilient) rats. In male rats, increased levels of miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 were observed in the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) and ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) respectively, of stress-exposed but unaffected animals. In females, we observed an increased expression of miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 in the ventral cornu ammonis 1 (vCA1) of affected animals. Accordingly, we inhibited miRNAs expression selectively in hippocampal subregions using oligonucleotides containing locked nucleic acid bases, to examine the miRNAs’ causal contribution to either vulnerability or resilience to stress in each sex. Inhibition of miRNA-144 in dDG and miRNA-33 in vDG in males resulted in an increased prevalence of vulnerable animals, while inhibition of miRNA-144 and miRNA-33 in vCA1 in females increased the proportion of resilient animals. The current findings reveal a critical sex-associated difference in the role of miRNAs in stress vulnerability and resilience. This novel understanding of sex-associated epigenetic involvement in the mechanism of stress-related psychopathologies may help improve gender-specific diagnosis and effective treatment.
CaMKIV mediates spine growth deficiency of hippocampal neurons by regulation of EGR3/BDNF signal axis in congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Wu Hui , Suo Guihai , Li Tianci , Zheng Yuqin , Li Haiying , Shen Feifei , Wang Yongjun , Ni Haidong , Wu Youjia
Published: December 2022

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) will cause cognitive impairment in the condition of delayed treatment. The hippocampus is one of the most affected tissues by CH, in which the functional structures of hippocampal neurons manifest deficiency due to aberrant expression of effector molecules. The Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, CaMKIV, is downregulated in the hippocampal neurons, influencing the growth of dendritic spines in response to CH. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. In the present study, the early growth response factor 3 (EGR3) was regulated by CaMKIV in the hippocampal neurons of CH rat pups, as was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing and in vitro cell experiments. EGR3 localized within hippocampal neurons in CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions. Deficient EGR3 in the primary hippocampal neurons significantly reduced the density of dendritic spines by downregulating the expression of BDNF, and such effects could be rescued by supplementing recombinant BDNF protein. Taken together, CH mediates cognitive impairment of pups through the inactivation of CaMKIV in the hippocampal neurons, which decreases the expression of EGR3 and further reduces the production of BDNF, thereby impairing the growth of dendritic spines. Identifying CaMKIV/EGR3/BDNF pathway in the hippocampal neurons in the context of CH will benefit the drug development of intellectual disability caused by CH.
DAP5 enables main ORF translation on mRNAs with structured and uORF-containing 5′ leaders
Authors: Weber Ramona , Kleemann Leon , Hirschberg Insa , Chung Min-Yi , Valkov Eugene , Igreja Cátia
Published: December 2022

Half of mammalian transcripts contain short upstream open reading frames (uORFs) that potentially regulate translation of the downstream coding sequence (CDS). The molecular mechanisms governing these events remain poorly understood. Here, we find that the non-canonical initiation factor Death-associated protein 5 (DAP5 or eIF4G2) is required for translation initiation on select transcripts. Using ribosome profiling and luciferase-based reporters coupled with mutational analysis we show that DAP5-mediated translation occurs on messenger RNAs (mRNAs) with long, structure-prone 5′ leader sequences and persistent uORF translation. These mRNAs preferentially code for signalling factors such as kinases and phosphatases. We also report that cap/eIF4F- and eIF4A-dependent recruitment of DAP5 to the mRNA facilitates main CDS, but not uORF, translation suggesting a role for DAP5 in translation re-initiation. Our study reveals important mechanistic insights into how a non-canonical translation initiation factor involved in stem cell fate shapes the synthesis of specific signalling factors.
LY6D marks pre-existing resistant basosquamous tumor subpopulations
Authors: Haensel Daniel , Gaddam Sadhana , Li Nancy Y. , Gonzalez Fernanda , Patel Tiffany , Cloutier Jeffrey M. , Sarin Kavita Y. , Tang Jean Y. , Rieger Kerri E. , Aasi Sumaira Z. , Oro Anthony E.
Published: December 2022

Improved response to canonical therapies requires a mechanistic understanding of dynamic tumor heterogeneity by identifying discrete cellular populations with enhanced cellular plasticity. We have previously demonstrated distinct resistance mechanisms in skin basal cell carcinomas, but a comprehensive understanding of the cellular states and markers associated with these populations remains poorly understood. Here we identify a pre-existing resistant cellular population in naive basal cell carcinoma tumors marked by the surface marker LY6D. LY6D+ tumor cells are spatially localized and possess basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma-like features. Using computational tools, organoids, and spatial tools, we show that LY6D+ basosquamous cells represent a persister population lying on a central node along the skin lineage-associated spectrum of epithelial states with local environmental and applied therapies determining the kinetics of accumulation. Surprisingly, LY6D+ basosquamous populations exist in many epithelial tumors, such as pancreatic adenocarcinomas, which have poor outcomes. Overall, our results identify the resistant LY6D+ basosquamous population as an important clinical target and suggest strategies for future therapeutic approaches to target them.
Phonon behavior in a random solid solution: a lattice dynamics study on the high-entropy alloy FeCoCrMnNi
Authors: Turner Shelby R. , Pailhès Stéphane , Bourdarot Frédéric , Ollivier Jacques , Sidis Yvan , Castellan John-Paul , Zanotti Jean-Marc , Berrod Quentin , Porcher Florence , Bosak Alexei , Feuerbacher Michael , Schober Helmut , de Boissieu Marc , Giordano Valentina M.
Published: December 2022

High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are a new family of crystalline random alloys with four or more elements in a simple unit cell, at the forefront of materials research for their exceptional mechanical properties. Their strong chemical disorder leads to mass and force-constant fluctuations which are expected to strongly reduce phonon lifetime, responsible for thermal transport, similarly to glasses. Still, the long range order would associate HEAs to crystals with a complex disordered unit cell. These two families of materials, however, exhibit very different phonon dynamics, still leading to similar thermal properties. The question arises on the positioning of HEAs in this context. Here we present an exhaustive experimental investigation of the lattice dynamics in a HEA, Fe20Co20Cr20Mn20Ni20, using inelastic neutron and X-ray scattering. We demonstrate that HEAs present unique phonon dynamics at the frontier between fully disordered and ordered materials, characterized by long-propagating acoustic phonons in the whole Brillouin zone.
GPR174 knockdown enhances blood flow recovery in hindlimb ischemia mice model by upregulating AREG expression
Authors: Liu Jin , Pan Lihong , Hong Wenxuan , Chen Siqin , Bai Peiyuan , Luo Wei , Sun Xiaolei , He Furong , Jia Xinlin , Cai Jialiang , Chen Yingjie , Hu Kai , Song Zhenju , Ge Junbo , Sun Aijun
Published: December 2022

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critically involved in neovascularization, an important compensatory mechanism in peripheral artery disease. The contribution of G protein coupled receptor 174 (GPR174), which is a regulator of Treg function and development, in neovascularization remains elusive. Here, we show that genetic deletion of GPR174 in Tregs potentiated blood flow recovery in mice after hindlimb ischemia. GPR174 deficiency upregulates amphiregulin (AREG) expression in Tregs, thereby enhancing endothelial cell functions and reducing pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and endothelial cell apoptosis. Mechanically, GPR174 regulates AREG expression by inhibiting the nuclear accumulation of early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) via Gαs/cAMP/PKA signal pathway activation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GPR174 negatively regulates angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in response to ischemic injury and that GPR174 may be a potential molecular target for therapeutic interventions of ischemic vascular diseases.
SESAME-catalyzed H3T11 phosphorylation inhibits Dot1-catalyzed H3K79me3 to regulate autophagy and telomere silencing
Authors: He Fei , Yu Qi , Wang Min , Wang Rongsha , Gong Xuanyunjing , Ge Feng , Yu Xilan , Li Shanshan
Published: December 2022

The glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase Pyk1 maintains telomere heterochromatin by phosphorylating histone H3T11 (H3pT11), which promotes SIR (silent information regulator) complex binding at telomeres and prevents autophagy-mediated Sir2 degradation. However, the exact mechanism of action for H3pT11 is poorly understood. Here, we report that H3pT11 directly inhibits Dot1-catalyzed H3K79 tri-methylation (H3K79me3) and uncover how this histone crosstalk regulates autophagy and telomere silencing. Mechanistically, Pyk1-catalyzed H3pT11 directly reduces the binding of Dot1 to chromatin and inhibits Dot1-catalyzed H3K79me3, which leads to transcriptional repression of autophagy genes and reduced autophagy. Despite the antagonism between H3pT11 and H3K79me3, they work together to promote the binding of SIR complex at telomeres to maintain telomere silencing. Furthermore, we identify Reb1 as a telomere-associated factor that recruits Pyk1-containing SESAME (Serine-responsive SAM-containing Metabolic Enzyme) complex to telomere regions to phosphorylate H3T11 and prevent the invasion of H3K79me3 from euchromatin into heterochromatin to maintain telomere silencing. Together, these results uncover a histone crosstalk and provide insights into dynamic regulation of silent heterochromatin and autophagy in response to cell metabolism.
An embedded interfacial network stabilizes inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite thin films
Authors: Steele Julian A. , Braeckevelt Tom , Prakasam Vittal , Degutis Giedrius , Yuan Haifeng , Jin Handong , Solano Eduardo , Puech Pascal , Basak Shreya , Pintor-Monroy Maria Isabel , Van Gorp Hans , Fleury Guillaume , Yang Ruo Xi , Lin Zhenni , Huang Haowei , Debroye Elke , Chernyshov Dmitry , Chen Bin , Wei Mingyang , Hou Yi , Gehlhaar Robert , Genoe Jan , De Feyter Steven , Rogge Sven M. J. , Walsh Aron , Sargent Edward H. , Yang Peidong , Hofkens Johan , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Roeffaers Maarten B. J.
Published: December 2022

The black perovskite phase of CsPbI3 is promising for optoelectronic applications; however, it is unstable under ambient conditions, transforming within minutes into an optically inactive yellow phase, a fact that has so far prevented its widespread adoption. Here we use coarse photolithography to embed a PbI2-based interfacial microstructure into otherwise-unstable CsPbI3 perovskite thin films and devices. Films fitted with a tessellating microgrid are rendered resistant to moisture-triggered decay and exhibit enhanced long-term stability of the black phase (beyond 2.5 years in a dry environment), due to increasing the phase transition energy barrier and limiting the spread of potential yellow phase formation to structurally isolated domains of the grid. This stabilizing effect is readily achieved at the device level, where unencapsulated CsPbI3 perovskite photodetectors display ambient-stable operation. These findings provide insights into the nature of phase destabilization in emerging CsPbI3 perovskite devices and demonstrate an effective stabilization procedure which is entirely orthogonal to existing approaches.
Extracellular traps from activated vascular smooth muscle cells drive the progression of atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhai Ming , Gong Shiyu , Luan Peipei , Shi Yefei , Kou Wenxin , Zeng Yanxi , Shi Jiayun , Yu Guanye , Hou Jiayun , Yu Qing , Jian Weixia , Zhuang Jianhui , Feinberg Mark W. , Peng Wenhui
Published: December 2022

Extracellular DNA traps (ETs) represent an immune response by which cells release essential materials like chromatin and granular proteins. Previous studies have demonstrated that the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. This study seeks to investigate the interaction between CD68+ VSMCs and the formation of ETs and highlight its function in atherosclerosis. Here we show that ETs are inhibited, and atherosclerotic plaque formation is alleviated in male Myh11CrePad4flox/flox mice undergoing an adeno-associated-virus-8 (AAV8) mediating overexpression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 mutation (PCSK9) injection and being challenged with a high-fat diet. Obvious ETs generated from CD68+ VSMCs are inhibited by Cl-amidine and DNase I in vitro. By utilizing VSMCs-lineage tracing technology and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we demonstrate that the ETs from CD68+ VSMCs influence the progress of atherosclerosis by regulating the direction of VSMCs’ transdifferentiation through STING-SOCS1 or TLR4 signaling pathway.
Validation and real-world clinical application of an artificial intelligence algorithm for breast cancer detection in biopsies
Authors: Sandbank Judith , Bataillon Guillaume , Nudelman Alona , Krasnitsky Ira , Mikulinsky Rachel , Bien Lilach , Thibault Lucie , Albrecht Shach Anat , Sebag Geraldine , Clark Douglas P. , Laifenfeld Daphna , Schnitt Stuart J. , Linhart Chaim , Vecsler Manuela , Vincent-Salomon Anne
Published: December 2022

Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease worldwide, with over 2.26 million new cases in 2020. Its diagnosis is determined by a histological review of breast biopsy specimens, which can be labor-intensive, subjective, and error-prone. Artificial Intelligence (AI)—based tools can support cancer detection and classification in breast biopsies ensuring rapid, accurate, and objective diagnosis. We present here the development, external clinical validation, and deployment in routine use of an AI-based quality control solution for breast biopsy review. The underlying AI algorithm is trained to identify 51 different types of clinical and morphological features, and it achieves very high accuracy in a large, multi-site validation study. Specifically, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for the detection of invasive carcinoma and of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are 0.99 (specificity and sensitivity of 93.57 and 95.51%, respectively) and 0.98 (specificity and sensitivity of 93.79 and 93.20% respectively), respectively. The AI algorithm differentiates well between subtypes of invasive and different grades of in situ carcinomas with an AUC of 0.97 for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) vs. invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and AUC of 0.92 for DCIS high grade vs. low grade/atypical ductal hyperplasia, respectively, as well as accurately identifies stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with an AUC of 0.965. Deployment of this AI solution as a real-time quality control solution in clinical routine leads to the identification of cancers initially missed by the reviewing pathologist, demonstrating both clinical utility and accuracy in real-world clinical application.
Three-dimensional shape measurement for the steep surface using DMD camera
Authors: Zhao Shoubo , Yang Yuqiang
Published: December 2022

Three-Dimensional shape measurement has been confronted with the ambiguity on the steep surface. To address the problem, compressed sensing theory is employed to reconstruct phase shifting images in DMD camera. Specially, every CCD pixel in the region of interest is aligned to N × N DMD mirrors to construct DMD camera. The one-dimensional measurement matrices are chosen to collect the measured values on CCD pixel according to the directional judgement of original gradient image. Due to the enhancement of the spatial sampling frequency and the noise robustness, the reconstructed sinusoidal stripe images are utilized to obtain the three-dimensional model of the steep surface accurately. We measure the planes with various slopes to discuss the measurement capability. The comparative experiments show that our proposed method can correct the deformed phase and repair the defect on the steep surface.
Particle exposure risk to a lavatory user after flushing a squat toilet
Authors: Zhang Tengfei , Yao Lifang , Gao Zilong , Wang Feng
Published: December 2022

Squat toilets are widely used in developing countries due to local customs and low costs. The flushing of a squat toilet can entrain strong airflow and produce aerosols. This investigation constructed a lavatory mock-up with a squat toilet. The flushing-induced airflow was both visualized and quantitatively measured by particle image velocimetry. The maximum height of the impacted airflow was identified by an ultrasonic anemometer. For inference of the particle emission rate, the toilet bowl was covered by an enclosed box for particle concentration measurement. The risks from skin contact of the deposited particles on the flushing button and the door handle and the possible inhalation of the released aerosols were evaluated. The results revealed that flushing a squat toilet can drive toilet plume to rise up to 0.9 m above the toilet bowl. A single flushing process can produce 0.29 million particles with diameters greater than 0.3 μm, among which 90% of the particles are submicron-sized. The flushing may cause particles to deposit on the flushing button and lavatory door handle as well as inhalation exposure even remaining in the lavatory for half a minute after flushing, especially for those lavatory users whose respiratory zones are below 1.0 m.
The potential effect of BMSCs with miR‐27a in improving steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Cui Yong , Huang Tao , Zhang Zheng , Yang Zengqiang , Hao Feihu , Yuan Tianyi , Zhou Zhiheng
Published: December 2022

Steroid induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) frequently leads to femoral head collapse and subsequent hip arthritis. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic mechanism of miR‐27a on steroid-induced ONFH. Levels of IL-6, TNF-α, miR-27a, Runx2, PPAR-γ and ApoA5 were first examined in bone marrow tissues from steroid-induced ONFH and controls. Subsequently, we overexpressed or knocked down miR-27a in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and detected cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic differentiation. In addition, miR-27a mimics and BMSCs were injected into the established steroid-induced ONFH rats, and the osteoprotective effects of both were evaluated. Dual luciferase reporter was used to test the targeting effect of miR-27a-3p and PPARG. miR-27a and Runx2 were lowly expressed in steroid-induced ONFH, PPAR-γ and ApoA5 were highly expressed. Overexpression of miR-27a in BMSCs promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, inhibited adipogenic differentiation. Furthermore, increasing miR-27a and BMSCs obviously reduced bone loss in steroid induced ONFH rats. The expressions of Runx2 in BMSCs and steroid-induced ONFH rats was significantly up‐regulated, while IL-6, TNF-α, PPAR-γ and ApoA5 were down‐regulated with miR-27a overexpression. Additionally, PPARG was the target of miR-27a-3p. The results of the present study reveal a role for miR-27a in promoting osteogenesis and may have a synergistic effect with BMSCs.
MDMX elevation by a novel Mdmx–p53 interaction inhibitor mitigates neuronal damage after ischemic stroke
Authors: Yan Haomin , Sasaki Tsutomu , Kanki Hideaki , Hirata Yoshiyuki , Nishiyama Kumiko , Hisada Sunao , Matsumura Shigenobu , Nagaoka Yasuo , Sumiyoshi Takaaki , Nagano Seiichi , Nakata Akiko , Yoshida Minoru , Uesato Shinichi , Mochizuki Hideki
Published: December 2022

Mdmx and Mdm2 are two major suppressor factors for the tumor suppressor gene p53. In central nervous system, Mdmx suppresses the transcriptional activity of p53 and enhances the binding of Mdm2 to p53 for degradation. But Mdmx dynamics in cerebral infarction remained obscure. Here we investigated the role of Mdmx under ischemic conditions and evaluated the effects of our developed small-molecule Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) inhibitors, K-181, on Mdmx–p53 interactions in vivo and in vitro. We found ischemic stroke decreased Mdmx expression with increased phosphorylation of Mdmx Serine 367, while Mdmx overexpression by AAV-Mdmx showed a neuroprotective effect on neurons. The PPI inhibitor, K-181 attenuated the neurological deficits by increasing Mdmx expression in post-stroke mice brain. Additionally, K-181 selectively inhibited HDAC6 activity and enhanced tubulin acetylation. Our findings clarified the dynamics of Mdmx in cerebral ischemia and provide a clue for the future pharmaceutic development of ischemic stroke.
18F-FDG uptake of visceral adipose tissue on preoperative PET/CT as a predictive marker for breast cancer recurrence
Authors: Kim Hyun Jeong , Kim Dooreh , Bae Soong June , Ahn Sung Gwe , Jeong Joon , Park Woo-Chan , Ryu Young Hoon , Jeon Tae Joo , Lee Yangkyu , Cha Yoon Jin , Yoon Chang Ik
Published: December 2022

Glucose utilization by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) reflects inflammatory activity, which also promotes tumor growth and carcinogenesis. The effect of metabolically active VAT on survival outcomes in breast cancer is unknown. We investigated survival outcomes in patients with breast cancer based on the standardized uptake value (SUV) of VAT (SUVmean-VAT) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). A total of 148 patients with breast cancer were divided into high- and low groups according to their SUVmean-VAT and SUVmax-tumor. Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes were compared between the groups. High SUVmean-VAT was associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS; hazard ratio [HR], 2.754; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.090–6.958, p = 0.032) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS; HR, 3.500; 95% CI, 1.224–10.01, p = 0.019). Multivariate analysis showed that high SUVmean-VAT was a significant factor for poor RFS and poor DMFS (p = 0.023 and 0.039, respectively). High SUVmax-tumor was significantly associated with short RFS (p = 0.0388). Tumors with a high SUV tended to have a short DMFS, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.0718). Our findings showed that upregulated glucose metabolism in the VAT measured using 18F-FDG PET/CT may be a prognostic biomarker for adverse outcomes in breast cancer.
Early initiation of breastfeeding is inversely associated with public and private c-sections in 73 lower- and middle-income countries
Authors: Vaz Juliana S. , Gatica-Domínguez Giovanna , Neves Paulo A. R. , Vidaletti Luís Paulo , Barros Aluísio J. D.
Published: December 2022

Although studies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have examined the effects of c-sections on early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), the role of the place of birth has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we tested the association between EIBF and the type of delivery by place of birth. Data from 73 nationally representative surveys carried out in LMICs between 2010 and 2019 comprised 408,013 women aged 15 to 49 years. Type of delivery by place of birth was coded in four categories: home vaginal delivery, institutional vaginal delivery, c-section in public, and c-section in private health facilities. We calculated the weighted mean prevalence of place of birth and EIBF by World Bank country income groups. Adjusted Poisson regression (PR) was fitted taking institutional vaginal delivery as a reference. The overall prevalence of EIBF was significantly lower among c-section deliveries in public (PR = 38%; 95% CI 0.618–0.628) and private facilities (PR = 45%; 95% CI 0.54–0.566) compared to institutional vaginal deliveries. EIBF in c-sections in public facilities was slightly higher in lower-middle (PR = 0.650, 95% CI 0.635–0.665) compared to low (PR = 0.544, 95% CI 0.521–0.567) and upper-middle income countries (PR = 0.612, 95% CI 0.599–0.626). EIBF was inversely associated with c-section deliveries compared to institutional vaginal deliveries, especially in private facilities compared to public ones.
Non-contact diagnosis of sleep breathing disorders using infrared optical gas imaging: a prospective observational study
Authors: An Jun Young , Shin Hyun Joon , Yang Myunghyun , Park Do-Yang , Yang Jisun , Kim Hyun Jun
Published: December 2022

Full-night polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, PSG requires several sensors to be attached to the patient’s body, which can interfere with sleep. Moreover, non-contact devices that utilize impulse radio ultra-wideband radar have limitations as they cannot directly measure respiratory airflow. This study aimed to detect respiratory events through infrared optical gas imaging and verify its feasibility for the diagnosis of OSA. Data collection through PSG and infrared optical gas imaging was simultaneously conducted on 50 volunteers. Respiratory airflow signal was extracted from the infrared optical gas images using an automated algorithm. We compared the respiratory parameters obtained from infrared optical gas imaging with those from PSG. All respiratory events scored from the infrared optical gas imaging were strongly correlated with those identified with standard PSG sensors. Based on a receiver operating characteristic curve, infrared optical gas imaging was deemed appropriate for the diagnosis of OSA. Infrared optical gas imaging accurately detected respiratory events during sleep; therefore, it may be employed as a screening tool for OSA.
Steroid treatment suppresses the CD4+ T-cell response to the third dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease patients
Authors: Maliah Avishai , Parikh Roma , Tayer-Shifman Oshrat E. , Kimhi Oded , Gepstein Raz , Halperin Tami , Levy Yair , Levy Carmit , Pri-Paz Basson Yael , Kivity Shaye
Published: December 2022

Prolonged steroid treatment has a suppressive effect on the immune system, however, its effect on the cellular response to mRNA vaccine is unknown. Here we assessed the impact of prolonged steroid treatment on the T-cell and humoral response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) peptide following the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease patients. We found that CD4 T-cell response to the S peptide in patients on high-dose long-term steroid treatment showed significantly less S-peptide specific response, compare to low-dose or untreated patients. Remarkably, these results were not reflected in their humoral response, since almost all patients in the cohort had sufficient antibody levels. Moreover, S-peptide activation failed to induce significant mRNA levels of IFNγ and TNFα in patients receiving high-dose steroids. RNA-sequencing datasets analysis implies that steroid treatments' inhibitory effect of nuclear factor kappa-B signaling may interfere with the activation of S-specific CD4 T-cells. This reveals that high-dose steroid treatment inhibits T-cell response to the mRNA vaccine, despite having sufficient antibody levels. Since T-cell immunity is a crucial factor in the immune response to viruses, our findings highlight the need for enhancing the efficiency of vaccines in immune-suppressive patients, by modulation of the T-cell response.
Intravenous thrombolysis before thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: a dual centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: EL Malky Islam , Abdelhafiz Mahmoud , Abdelkhalek Hazem Mo.
Published: December 2022

First pass effect (FPE) is a successful recanalization (mTICI ≥ 2b) after the first trial of thrombectomy. It is associated with good functional outcomes. Few studies discussed the effect of BT (bridging therapy: combined I.V. thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy) on FPE and clinical outcomes. In our study, we would like to report the effect of MT with or without preceding IVT on FPE and the functional outcome of AIS (Acute Ischemic Stroke) of anterior circulation in real practice. A dual-center retrospective cohort study enrolled 201 patients with AIS of anterior circulation and was divided into a bridging therapy (BT) group of 150 patients who received alteplase preceding thrombectomy, and a direct mechanical thrombectomy (dMT) group of 51 patients. Comparisons between both groups regarding the clinical and radiological outcome. Early better clinical outcome (mRS ≤ 2) at day seven with BT group (39.3%) rather than dMT (23.5%) with P value = 0.044. No significant differences as regard puncture to revascularization time, successful revascularization (mTICI) ≥ 2b and FPE between both groups (P value: 0.328, 0.538, and 0.708, respectively). No differences as regards hemorrhagic transformation, mortality rate, and 90-day favorable outcome between both groups (P value 0.091, 0.089, and 0.192, respectively). BT might have better early outcome than dMT but no difference as regards 90-day favorable outcomes, mortality, sICH, FPE, recanalization rate and procedure time. It might be reasonable to go directly to mechanical thrombectomy without IVT for AIS with large vessel occlusion.
Health literacy in gastrointestinal diseases: a comparative analysis between patients with liver cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Kaps Leonard , Omogbehin Lea , Hildebrand Katharina , Gairing Simon J. , Schleicher Eva M. , Moehler Markus , Rahman Fareed , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Wörns Marcus-Alexander , Galle Peter R. , Labenz Christian
Published: December 2022

Currently, there are only few data on health literacy in patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases such as gastrointestinal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and, in particular, liver cirrhosis available. Moreover, head-to-head comparisons between patients with these different diseases are lacking. In this study, 379 patients were enrolled. Of these, 102 patients had gastrointestinal cancer, 86 had IBD, and 191 had cirrhosis. Health literacy was quantified using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) developed by Osborne et al. (Swinburne University, Australia) and was compared between these three groups. Patients with cancer had the best health literacy across all nine subscales of the HLQ, while patients with cirrhosis had the poorest. In detail, patients with cirrhosis had significantly poorer health literacy than patients with cancer or IBD in subscales such as “feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers”, “having sufficient information to manage my health”, “appraisal of health information”, “ability to actively engage with healthcare providers” or “understanding health information well enough to know what to do” (p < 0.05 for cirrhosis versus IBD or cancer, respectively). In conclusion, health literacy differs remarkably between patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases such as cirrhosis, IBD or gastrointestinal cancers.
The deubiquitinating enzyme complex BRISC regulates Aurora B activation via lysine-63-linked ubiquitination in mitosis
Authors: Li Qin , Ma Yanfang , Chang Fen , Xu Yongjie , Deng Jingcheng , Duan Junyi , Jiang Wei , He Qihua , Xu Luzheng , Zhong Lijun , Shao Genze , Li Li
Published: December 2022

Faithful chromosome segregation requires bi-oriented kinetochore-microtubule attachment on the metaphase spindle. Aurora B kinase, the catalytic core of the chromosome passage complex (CPC), plays a crucial role in this process. Aurora B activation has widely been investigated in the context of protein phosphorylation. Here, we report that Aurora B is ubiquitinated in mitosis through lysine-63 ubiquitin chains (K63-Ub), which is required for its activation. Mutation of Aurora B at its primary K63 ubiquitin site inhibits its activation, reduces its kinase activity, and disrupts the association of Aurora B with other components of CPC, leading to severe mitotic defects and cell apoptosis. Moreover, we identify that BRCC36 isopeptidase complex (BRISC) is the K63-specific deubiquitinating enzyme for Aurora B. BRISC deficiency augments the accumulation of Aurora B K63-Ubs, leading to Aurora B hyperactivation and erroneous chromosome–microtubule attachments. These findings define the role of K63-linked ubiquitination in regulating Aurora B activation and provide a potential site for Aurora B-targeting drug design.
Disentangling structural and kinetic components of the α-relaxation in supercooled metallic liquids
Authors: Neuber Nico , Gross Oliver , Frey Maximilian , Bochtler Benedikt , Kuball Alexander , Hechler Simon , Yang Fan , Pineda Eloi , Westermeier Fabian , Sprung Michael , Schäfer Florian , Gallino Isabella , Busch Ralf , Ruta Beatrice
Published: December 2022

The particle motion associated to the α-relaxation in supercooled liquids is still challenging scientists due to its difficulty to be probed experimentally. By combining synchrotron techniques, we report the existence of microscopic structure-dynamics relationships in Pt42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21 and Pd42.5Cu27Ni9.5P21 liquids which allows us to disentangle structural and kinetic contributions to the α-process. While the two alloys show similar kinetic fragilities, their structural fragilities differ and correlate with the temperature dependence of the stretching parameter describing the decay of the density fluctuations. This implies that the evolution of dynamical heterogeneities in supercooled alloys is determined by the rigidity of the melt structure. We find also that the atomic motion not only reflects the topological order but also the chemical short-range order, which can lead to a surprising slowdown of the α-process at the mesoscopic length scale. These results will contribute to the comprehension of the glass transition, which is still missing.
Evolution of magnetic particulate matter during its emission process in thermal power plants
Authors: Yang Hang , Zhang Qinghua , Wu Jiayuan , Liu Lin , Wang Dingyi , Lu Dawei , Wang Weichao , Min Ke , Zhang Weican , Liu Qian , Yang Yi , Jiang Guibin
Published: December 2022

We report the evolution of the abundance, morphology, chemical species, and element fingerprints of magnetic particulate matter during its emission process in thermal power plants.
Evaluation of the potential anti-soybean allergic activity of different forms of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus based on cell model in vitro
Authors: Zhang Maolin , Lu Qiaoling , Bai Jing , Gao Jinyan , Wu Zhihua , Li Xin , Tong Ping , Chen Hongbing , Yang Anshu
Published: December 2022

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (Ld) was selected in this study to explore its effective forms of intervention in soybean allergy based on cellular degranulation, intestinal barrier, and intestinal mucosal immunity at the cell level.
Low temperature in situ immobilization of nanoscale fcc and hcp polymorphic nickel particles in polymer-derived Si–C–O–N(H) to promote electrocatalytic water oxidation in alkaline media
Authors: Morais Ferreira Roberta Karoline , Ben Miled Marwan , Nishihora Rafael Kenji , Christophe Nicolas , Carles Pierre , Motz Günter , Bouzid Assil , Machado Ricardo , Masson Olivier , Iwamoto Yuji , Célérier Stéphane , Habrioux Aurélien , Bernard Samuel
Published: December 2022

Ni : organosilicon polymer coordination complex to in situ trap nanoscale Ni particles as OER pre-catalysts in a high SSA polymer-derived Si–C–O–N(H) support.
Cancer-cell-membrane-camouflaged supramolecular self-assembly of antisense oligonucleotide and chemodrug for targeted combination therapy
Authors: Chen Tianbao , Xu Jie , Zhu Lijuan , Yan Deyue
Published: December 2022

The cationic amphiphilic chemodrug mitoxantrone replaces the polycation to interact with negatively charged ASO and further self-assembles into ASO/chemodrug nanoparticles for targeted combination gene- and chemotherapy.
A ferrocene-containing analogue of the MCU inhibitor Ru265 with increased cell permeability
Authors: Huang Zhouyang , Spivey Jesse A. , MacMillan Samantha N. , Wilson Justin J.
Published: December 2022

An analogue of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) inhibitor Ru265 containing axial ferrocenecarboxylate ligands is reported. This new complex exhibits enhanced cellular uptake compared to the parent compound Ru265.
Design and synthesis of an S-scheme TiO2homojunction with an adjusted, well-defined phase for directional carrier transfer in solar water splitting
Authors: Wang Xiaobing , Zhang Yihao , Cao Yu , Zheng Zhi , Guo Xiaowei , Cui Jiabao , Lou Xiangdong , Guo Yuming , Liang Huijun , Lu Zhansheng , Yang Lin , Zhang Hua , Ma Xiaoming
Published: December 2022

The rational design and controlled synthesis of nanoarchitectures is an important strategy for understanding structure–activity relationships.
MXenes and MXene-supported nanocomposites: a novel materials for aqueous environmental remediation
Authors: Ahmaruzzaman Md.
Published: December 2022

Water contamination has become a significant issue on a global scale.
Single-step controlled synthesis of flower-like gold nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan for sensitive detection of heparin using a surface-enhanced Raman scattering method
Authors: Nguyen Thu Anh , Kim Do Anh Nguyen , Hoang Lo Tien Nu , Park In , Vo Khuong Quoc
Published: December 2022

A novel single-step and template-free procedure is proposed to develop the SERS tags-based nanoparticles for trace detection of heparin.
Porous ZnIn2S4 with confined sulfur vacancies for highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Jia Wen Li , Wu Xuefeng , Liu Yuanwei , Zhao Jia Yue , Zhang Yang , Liu Peng Fei , Cheng Qilin , Yang Hua Gui
Published: December 2022

A porous ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst rich in sulfur vacancies shortens the charge transfer pathway, rapidly capturing the photogenerated electrons, which enhances the separation and migration ability of photoexcited charge carriers, thus enhancing photocatalytic H2 evolution.
Crystal structures in state-of-the-art non-fullerene electron acceptors
Authors: Ma Lijiao , Zhang Shaoqing , Hou Jianhui
Published: December 2022

The relationship between molecular design strategies, the packing information of small molecule acceptors is demonstrated. This review highlights the recent advances in the study of single crystal structures of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs).
Retina-inspired flexible photosensitive arrays based on selective photothermal conversion
Authors: Zheng Xinjia , Chen Zhiwu , Tao Xinglei , Lian Xiaodong , Wu Xun , Wang Yapei , He Yonglin
Published: December 2022

A retina-inspired photosensitive array based on selective photothermal conversion is proposed and fabricated, and it is endowed with intrinsic flexibility and color perception.
Vital roles of fluoroethylene carbonate in electrochemical energy storage devices: a review
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Wu Jiliang , Zhang Lei , Wang Hongyu
Published: December 2022

The origin, synthesis, application and challenge of FEC electrolyte additive as a vital role used in different electrodes for LIBs have been reviewed.
Ultraviolet-driven metal oxide semiconductor synapses with improved long-term potentiation
Authors: Xin Shuwen , Chang Yu , Zhou Ruifu , Cong Haofei , Zheng Lingyan , Wang Yuxiao , Qin Yuanbin , Xu Peilong , Liu Xuhai , Wang Fengyun
Published: December 2022

We fabricated bio-inspired synaptic transistors based on one dimensional InZnO nanowires, which can be effectively tuned by ultraviolet laser to achieve hour-scale long-memory retention of long-term potentiation.
New approach to solve fuzzy multi-objective multi-item solid transportation problem
Authors: Mardanya Dharmadas , Roy Sankar Kumar
Published: December 2022

This paper explores the study of Multi-Objective Multi-item Solid Transportation Problem (MMSTP) under the fuzzy environment. Realizing the impact of real-life situations, here we consider MMSTP with parameters, e.g., transportation cost, supply, and demand, treat as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are then converted into nearly approximation interval numbers by using (P. Grzegorzewski, Fuzzy Sets Syst. 130 (2002) 321–330.) conversation rule, and we derive a new rule to convert trapezoidal fuzzy numbers into nearly approximation rough interval numbers. We derive different models of MMSTP using interval and a rough interval number. Fuzzy programming and interval programming are then applied to solve converted MMSTP. The expected value operator is used to solve MMSTP in the rough interval. Thereafter, two numerical experiments are incorporated to show the application of the proposed method. Finally, conclusions are provided with the lines of future study of this manuscript.