bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conocimientos en cuidados paliativos de los profesionales de Enfermería-valoración de App (herramienta de trabajo)
Authors: Jiménez Cortés Raquel , Ramos Sánchez Antonio
Published: December 2023

El presente estudio se realizó en el Hospital Universitario de Móstoles. El objetivo principal del trabajo consiste en determinar el nivel de conocimientos en cuidados paliativos del personal de enfermería de diferentes unidades de hospitalización, así como valorar la utilidad de una aplicación móvil (APP) como herramienta de trabajo en el desempeño de la labor asistencial a pacientes en situación de final de vida.

Estudio descriptivo observacional transversal. La recogida de datos se obtuvo del cuestionario validado en versión española PCQN (Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses), instrumento para evaluar el nivel de conocimientos de enfermería en cuidados paliativos (versión original inglesa por Ross, M.M, Mc Donald & Mc Guinnes 1996), de la encuesta sobre utilidad de la APP, datos demográficos, formación académica y experiencia en cuidados paliativos; se recogerán a través de un cuestionario ad hoc desarrollado en la plataforma Google Form. Consta de 20 items con tres posibles respuestas: correcta, incorrecta, no lo sé y distribuidos en tres bloques.

Filosofía y principios de los cuidados paliativos: preguntas 1,9,12 y17.

Dolor y control de síntomas: preguntas 2,3,4,6,7,8,10,13,14,15,16,18 y 20.

Cuidado espiritual y psicosocial: preguntas 5,11 y 19.

Para el análisis estadístico de las variables se utilizará un sofware estadístico (SPSS).
Efectividad del “Score de Alerta Precoz Infantil” (SAPI) en la valoración del paciente pediátrico afectado por bronquiolitis
Authors: Moldés Pedreño Paula , López Peña Beatriz , Mas Company Elia
Published: December 2023

Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad del Score de Alerta Precoz Infantil (SAPI) en la detección precoz del deterioro clínico del paciente pediátrico afectado por bronquiolitis.
Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional longitudinal no aleatorizado entre noviembre y diciembre de 2018. Se incluyó a pacientes con una edad menor o igual a 24 meses ingresados en la unidad de pediatría general del Hospital Universitario La Paz. Se diseñó una hoja de recogida de datos que incluía las variables que medía la escala SAPI y cuatro intervenciones que sugerían un deterioro clínico del paciente. Las variables cualitativas se analizaron mediante frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes y las variables cuantitativas, mediante la media y la desviación estándar.
Resultados y discusión. El tamaño muestral fue de 32 pacientes. Por cada punto que aumenta la escala la probabilidad de intensificación de la valoración enfermera y de aviso al médico es 9 y 4 veces mayor, respectivamente. La probabilidad de aumento de oxigenoterapia y de intensificación del tratamiento farmacológico es aproximadamente 2 veces mayor con cada unidad que aumenta la puntuación de la escala.
Conclusiones. La escala responde a cambios en el estado del paciente, permitiendo evaluar de manera objetiva el deterioro clínico del paciente pediátrico con diagnóstico médico de bronquiolitis.
Resultados de una intervención para la mejora de la información a familiares de pacientes críticos
Authors: Sanz Sánchez Ana , Valderas Castilla Daniel , Cuenca Ropero Laura , Martín-Rubio García-Alcalá Patricia , Ortiz Jiménez Mónica , Real Villena Lourdes
Published: December 2023

El ingreso de un paciente en cuidados intensivos genera estrés e incertidumbre en sus familiares que demandan información clara, cercana y completa. Mejorar esta información, humanizando el trato a familiares y pacientes es un indicador de calidad fundamental en el paciente crítico. Tras realizar en 2018 un estudio en nuestra unidad, comprobamos que ni el diagnóstico ni el nivel de gravedad entendido por el familiar coincidían con el que el facultativo había querido transmitir por lo que decidimos realizar una intervención que corrigiera estos errores en la transmisión de la información.  Para ello, se diseñó un estudio cuasiexperimental (antes-después) que consistió en la creación de una entrevista semiestructurada que el médico aplicó junto al profesional de enfermería a los familiares de pacientes recién ingresados. Una vez informados, los familiares completaban la misma encuesta que se utilizó en el estudio previo.  El diagnóstico referido se comparó con el reflejado en la historia clínica del paciente y el nivel de gravedad con el Simplified Acute Physiologic Score III (SAPS3). El análisis de los datos se realizó con SPSS 22.0 mediante cálculo de frecuencias para preguntas cerradas y chi-cuadrado para comparación entre estudios.  La mayoría de los encuestados consideró que el lenguaje fue entendible, la información útil y suficiente y percibió un trato cercano. Además, la concordancia entre el diagnóstico entendido por el familiar y el real mejoró de forma estadísticamente significativa y la concordancia del nivel de gravedad mejoró aunque sin significación por lo que no descartamos nuevas intervenciones en este sentido.
პიროვნული თვისებები, როგორც კულტურული მოდელები : (ქართული ქეისი - აგრესია, ალტრუიზმი, მლიქვნელობა)
Authors: სურმანიძე ლალი
Published: December 2023

კოგნიტურ ფსიქოათროპოლოგიურ თეორიულ-კონცეპტუალურ ბაზაზე დაყრდნობით წარმოდგენილია პიროვნებული თვისებების კულტურული მოდელების კვლევა. პიროვნული თვისებები განხილულია კულტურულ პრაქტიკასთან ურთიერთქმედებით ფორმირებულ საზიარო კულტურულ გამოცდილებად, რომელიც ფსიქიკაში რეპრეზენტირებულია კულტურული მოდელების (სქემების) სახით. კვლევა ჩატარდა 25-45 წ.წ. ასაკის ქართულენოვან 50 ადამიანზე ექსპერიმენტული ფსიქოსემანტიკის და ინტერვიუს მეთოდებით. კვლევის მასალად გამოყენებული იქნა 200 ქართული ხალხური იდიომა. კვლევის შედეგად ფორმირებული სემანტიკური სივრცე ასახავს იდიომათა სემანტიკური კავშირების სტრუქტურას, ხოლო ინტერვიუს მეთოდით გამოვლინდა კვლევის მონაწილეების არგუმენტაციები სემანტიკური დაჯგუფებების თაობაზე, რაშიც წამყვანი როლი ენიჭებოდა აფექტურ იმპლიკაციებს (გრძნობებს), პერცეფტულ იმპლიკაციებს (მოსაზრებებს კატეგორიებში გაერთიანებული ელემენტების მსგავსების შესახებ) და კოგნიტურ იმპლიკაციებს (კატეგორიების სახელდებას). ექსპერიმენტული და ინტერვიუს მონაცემები ინტერპრეტირდა სინთეზურად. სტატიაში წარმოდგენილია 3 პიროვნული თვისების - აგრესია, ალტრუიზმი, მლიქვნელობა - ანალიზი; თვისებები და  მათი კომპონენტები ინტერპრეტირებულია კულტურულ-სპეციფიკურ კონტექსტში.
ფეისბუქზე თვითპრეზენტაციის ტაქტიკები: პიროვნული ნიშნების როლი
Authors: მარწყვიშვილი ხათუნა , მესტვირიშვილი მაია , ხეჩუაშვილი ლილი , ნემანიშვილი თეკლა
Published: December 2023

სოციალურ სამყაროში  საკუთარი თავის სტრატეგიულად წარმოჩენა -თვითპრეზენტაციის ტაქტიკები, სოციალური მეცნიერებების შესწავლის საგანს წარმოადგენს. პიროვნება მნიშვნელოვან როლს ასრულებს ინდივიდის ონლაინ ქცევის ფორმირებაში. თანამედროვე სოციალურ ქსელებში უხვად მოიპოვება ქცევის მანიშნებლები, მათ შორი თვითპრეზენტაციის ტაქტიკები, რომლებიც მომხმარებელთა პიროვნებაზე მსჯელობის საშუალებას გვაძლევენ. წინამდებარე კვლევა მიზნად ისახავს პიროვნული ნიშნებისა და „ფეისბუქის” გამოყენების მოტივების ურთიერთმიმართების და თვითპრეზენტაციების იმ ტაქტიკების შესწავლას, რომლებსაც ფეისბუქის მომხმარებლები საკუთარი მიზნების მისაღწევად იყენებენ. მიზანი იყო პიროვნული ნიშნებისა და თვითპრეზენტაციის ტაქტიკების ურთიერთმიმართებაში ფეისბუქის გამოყენების მოტივების როლის კვლევა. კერძოდ, კვლევის კითხვაა: გაშუალებული არის თუ არა პიროვნების ნიშნებსა და თვითპრეზენტაციის ტაქტიკების კავშირი მოტივებით. შედეგებმა გამოავლინა, რომ პიროვნული ნიშნები წინასწარმეტყველებენ ფეისბუქზე თვითპრეზენტაციის ტაქტიკებს. ისინი ინდივიდებს ფეისბუქის გამოყენების კონკრეტული მოტივებისკენ და, აქედან გამომდინარე, თვითპრეზენტაციის სპეციფიკური ტაქტიკებისკენ წარმართავენ. ამასთან, პიროვნული ნიშნებისა და თვითპრეზენტაციის ტაქტიკების ურთიერთმიმართება გაშუალებულია ფეისბუქის გამოყენების მოტივებით. წარმოდგენილი კვლევა ნათელს ჰფენს იმ მექანიზმებს, რომლითაც გარკვეულ პიროვნულ ნიშნებს, შესაძლოა, მივყავდეთ ფეისბუქზე თვითპრეზენტაციის გარკვეულ ტაქტიკამდე.
Value Delivery through Product Offers: A Lean Leap in Multi-Storey Timber Housing Construction
Authors: Björnfot Andres , Stehn Lars
Published: December 2023

Among large Swedish contractors there is currently a specialization trend towards an increased use of prefabrication and complete systems in housing construction. The Lean Construction development up to date has focused on the management of value delivery for complex construction projects. Typical Swedish housing projects do not experience this broad complexity; instead the main challenge seems to be to better specify and deliver customer value. Currently, the Lean Construction methods available are not by themselves enough for the generation of value in Swedish multi-storey housing construction. The aim of this paper is to examine the potential of the product offer (a well-defined and highly standardized building system developed from the value views of specific customers) as an aid in the generation and delivery of value for multi-storey timber housing construction. From the point of view of manufacturing and customer value, the product offer is considered a Lean strategy for integrated consideration of internal and external value. Case study experiences indicate that the product offer strategy provides stability and continuity for producers that in turn provides with Lean practices in marketing, design and manufacturing. Approaching Lean, small- to medium-sized Swedish producers should focus on improvements through Lean Manufacturing. However, since an emerging demand from the Swedish construction industry forces these producers to take a larger role in the construction process, more construction related Lean improvements must also be considered. In this regard, the product offer is demonstrated to be a promising Lean strategy for the Swedish housing industry.
GENDERING LABOUR IN THE AGE OF AI
Authors: Gapova Elena
Published: December 2023

With the rise of post-industrial society, an ever bigger share of work takes the form of immaterial labour. While organizations of post-industrial economy continue to be gendered, the mechanisms for reproducing gender disparities are different than those in the traditional career path of the industrial era. Gender, which is the anchoring of a certain group of individuals in a specific sphere of social activities, gets reproduced as the segregation into ‘more’ and ‘less’ efficient workers takes place: quite often this is segregation into women and men.
LEGAL ASPECTS OF GENDER EQUALITY IN THE LABOUR MARKET
Authors: Zharylouskaya Maryia
Published: December 2023

The article elaborates on existing international standards for gender equality in the labour market and the main challenges that cause its insufficient effectiveness. The object of the research is the norms of international law establishing human rights standards related to ensuring gender equality in the labour market at the worldwide level through the UN system and, in particular, such legal instruments as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979), and the ILO jurisprudence.

The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach, including an analysis of acts of international law, case law of relevant international organisations, and authorities. Inter alia the following methods of scientific knowledge were used in the research: (i) general methods, in particular: scientific abstraction, analysis, synthesis, generalisation, comparison, principles of dialectics and formal logic, historical and systemic approaches; (ii) specific methods, in particular: method of comparative legal research.

Based on the research conducted, three main contemporary challenges for the legal regulation of gender aspects of the labour market were identified:

(i) the historically determined predominant use of binary perception of sex as a basis for gender discrimination, including in the labour market. Despite the existence of positive implementation practices of HRC, the ILO and CEDAW legal concepts on sex-based and gender-based discrimination should be further developed through both holistic theoretical analysis and the incorporation of relevant legal norms into acts of “hard” international law;

(ii) the legal status of men with family responsibilities does not have enough legal regulation on the level of obligatory international guarantees, therefore, subsequent international law should to be adopted;

(iii) enforcement mechanisms are weak enough and their implementation is often conditional on the “goodwill” of a State concerned without the possibility of international external enforcement (with the exception of certain ILO mechanisms, which are, however, procedurally difficult to enforce due to the tripartite system of organisation).
THE IMPACT OF WOMEN’S FEARS ON GENDER INEQUALITY IN BELARUSIAN IT
Authors: Mentusova Marina
Published: December 2023

This research aims to understand the gender disparity in the IT sector within Belarus by examining both overt and covert factors dissuading women from pursuing careers in the domain. Using a blend of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, the study identifies socio-cultural stereotypes, structural impediments, and the ramifications of gender inequality on women’s career choices and overall well-being in the industry. The quantitative facet of the study, involving a comprehensive electronic survey, revealed that societal stereotypes about women are primary barriers discouraging 75% of the interested respondents from pursuing IT-related professions. To delve deeper into the on-ground experiences of women in the IT sector, a subsequent qualitative investigation employing semi-structured interviews was undertaken with 23 Belarusian women actively engaged in the field. Preliminary findings suggest that even within the modern IT landscape, societal norms, internalized misogyny, and emotional challenges linked to a predominantly male-centric workspace significantly affect the experiences of women professionals. This research, backed by the “Gender Studies” Master’s program at the European Humanities University and the Women in TECH initiative, underscores the need for holistic strategies to bridge the gender divide in the IT sector. The insights from this study not only spotlight the challenges confronting Belarusian women in IT but also pave the way for future research and policy interventions to foster a more inclusive and gender-equitable IT landscape.
Sprzeczności w tworzeniu narodowościowych rad wiejskich w Białorusi Sowieckiej:
przykład szaciłkowskiej polsko-żydowskiej rady wiejskiej
Authors: Karaliou Maxim
Published: December 2023

Artykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniom wcielenia bolszewickiej polityki
narodowościowej na Białorusi Sowieckiej. Na podstawie dotychczasowych badań
i źródeł archiwalnych autor analizuje przypadek szaciłkowskiej polsko-żydowskiej rady
wiejskiej. Ujawnione zostały sprzeczności, które od początku towarzyszyły sowieckiej
polityce po tworzeniu narodowościowych rad wiejskich jako niższego stopnia samorządności
i jednocześnie formy autonomii narodowościowo-kulturalnej. Wnioskowano
o sztucznym statusie mieszanych narodowościowych rad wiejskich, które uważane
były jedynie jako narzędzie do sowietyzacji poszczególnych grup etnicznych
Pengaruh Pasar Industri Pada Dampak Oligopoli Terhadap Globalisasi
Authors: Ajeng Pangesti Muttaqiina Gusminto  , Muhammad Yasin
Published: December 2023

Business actors carry out economic activities for profit. Globalization makes many changes in the times, especially in the industrial economy in Indonesia.Digital economy or disruptive innovation raises business competition problems so as not to cause large losses to consumers and other business actors on a large economic scale creating high barriers to market entry due to the positive economy. This research uses qualitative descriptive, descriptive analysis to see the phenomenon of existing events and qualitative research methods based on philosophy as an instrument, Data collection techniques and qualitative analysis emphasize meaning. Oligopoly markets whose structure consists of two or three or even more control the market 70 to 80 percent of all production or selling value around it and emphasize the price determined. The development of the era of business actors utilizing technology is certainly due to globalization which affects industrial markets in each country to abroad. Oligopoly is very influential in industrial markets because of pressure on prices and new ideas from competitors and supported by digital technology hence industrial market activities to retain consumers. In addition to the effect, business actors get large profits due to increasingly sophisticated information technology. The influence of globalization can encourage large companies to innovate their businesses and be able to integrate in the global market.
INVESTIGATION OF EARLY PERMANENT TOOTH LOSS IN PATIENTS BETWEEN 10-25 YEARS OF AGE IN ELAZIĞ REGION
Authors: ŞEN Yakup , COŞGUN BAYBARS Sümeyye , OK Elif
Published: December 2023

Objective: To determine the prevalence and distribution of permanent missing teeth accor-ding to gender and location, to investigate the causes of early tooth loss and to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis.

Material and method: Panoramic radiographs of 1879 patients (1037 women, 842 men) aged between 10-25 years who applied to Fırat University Faculty of Dentistry were evalua-ted retrospectively. A standardized research form was used in the study. The patients were evaluated in terms of gender, location and number of missing teeth. The obtained data were anaylzed statistically by chi-square and one-sided chi-square tests.

Results: In the total of 1879 panoramic radiographs, 569 missing permanent teeth were identified in 299 patients (175 women, 124 men). The prevalence of permanent missing te-eth was found to be 15.9% (16.9% female, 14.7% male). The most commonly missing teeth were determined as: lower first molar, lower second premolar and upper lateral incisor, res-pectively. Permanent tooth loss was more common in the mandibula than in the maxilla and a statistically significant difference was obtained. Among patients with missing teeth, the prevalance of patients with only one missing tooth was found to be 48.2%.

Conclusion: Detailed radiological and clinical examination is the key in the diagnosis of missing teeth and early diagnosis is of great importance for treatment planning.

Keywords: Hypodontia; Congenital missing teeth; Permanent missing teeth
Pemikiran dan Kontribusi Ilmuwan Muslim Nashirudin Al-Thusi
Authors: Ahmad Budi Susanto
Published: December 2023

Kemajuan pemikiran di dunia Islam terus berlangsung. Sikap terbuka, toleran, dan akomodatif umat Muslim terhadap dominasi pemikiran dan peradaban asing semakin meningkatkan hasrat terhadap ilmu, budaya akademik, serta peran cendekiawan Muslim dalam pemerintahan dan lembaga sosial masyarakat. Aliran-aliran yang menekankan rasio dan kebebasan berpikir semakin tumbuh, seiring dengan peningkatan kemakmuran di berbagai negara Islam. Tantangan yang dihadapi oleh Islam pun semakin rumit, mendorong perlunya solusi yang dapat berkembang seiring berjalannya waktu. Dalam konteks ini, doktrin yang mengakui akal sebagai salah satu sumber kebenaran dan pengetahuan menjadi mungkin. Al-Quran dan Hadis sering kali menekankan pentingnya penalaran, penelitian, dan pemikiran. Dari doktrin ini, muncul filsafat di dunia Islam, dengan kontribusi penting dari beberapa filsuf yang dihargai oleh ilmuwan Barat. Nasiruddin At-Tusi, yang diakui sebagai "filsuf Islam, ilmuwan serba bisa," atau tokoh multitalenta, merupakan ilmuwan Muslim dari Persia yang berperan dalam kemajuan berbagai bidang ilmu, termasuk Astronomi, Kimia, Biologi, Filsafat, Matematika, Kedokteran, dan Ilmu Agama Islam. Penelitian ini secara khusus mengeksplorasi pemikiran dan peradaban Islam melalui perspektif Nasiruddin At-Tusi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif, mengumpulkan data dari literatur yang membahas filsafat, pemikiran, dan peradaban Islam. Hasil penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan filsafat dan sejarah pemikiran serta peradaban Nasiruddin At-Tusi, sambil menyoroti peran pentingnya sebagai tokoh pembaharuan dalam dunia Islam.
Economic Development of Digital Business Technology in Indonesia
Authors: Detha Prasetio Kumara
Published: December 2023

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become a necessity in this day and age, many people in Indonesia have used it in their daily lives. The dynamics of the economy cannot be separated from the development and advancement of technology, infrastructure, productivity and innovation. Scientific progress has an impact on technological progress. Disruptive innovation creates its own market that continues in the digital business sector (E commerce). Technological developments are also accompanied by the development of ways to convey information in communication so that activities become faster by using the internet with social media applications. This study aims to descriptive analysis of the development of E-Commerce through and estimate the influence of E-Commerce sector business on Indonesia's economic growth. Technological developments have brought rapid changes and intense competition. Human mobility, the distribution of goods, as well as the traffic of capital and information are rapidly developing through digitization. Changes in individual activities began to affect the transaction process they do, each individual does not depend anymore on traditional money but sudan uses virtual money and in the future all will be connected in this direction.
Legitimate restriction of the right to education of children with disabilities
Authors: Karapetian A. R.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the issue of legitimate restriction of the right to education of children with disabilities. It is emphasized that although the limitations of the right to education of children with disabilities are established by each state independently on the basis of domestic legal acts, in modern conditions the international community takes this problem beyond the internal competence of the state. Conceptual principles and principles are highlighted that could serve as a basis for law-making and law-enforcement activities regarding restrictions on the right to education of children with disabilities. The above-mentioned principles are characterized: the principle of matching the limitation of the right to education of children with disabilities to the situation in society; the principle of proportionality of limitation; the principle of balancing the interests of the individual, society and the state; the principle of purposefulness; the principle of equality. The definition of the concept of legitimate restriction of the right to education of children with disabilities is formulated - these are legal measures introduced for strictly defined purposes, enshrined in normative legal acts, aimed at establishing obstacles to the realization of the right to education of children with disabilities and which ensure compliance with the necessary balance of interests individuals, society and the state.
Some problems of appointment of expertise by the defense in Criminal Justice of Ukraine
Authors: Kovalenko Volodymyr
Published: December 2023

The aim of the work is, based on the analysis of current criminal procedural legislation, special literature, investigative and judicial practice, to identify criminal procedural and organizational problems in the appointment of forensic experts by the defense in criminal proceedings and to formulate proposals for their elimination.

The methodological basis of the study is based on dialectical method of scientific cognition. Formal- logical, formal-legal, comparative and modeling methods helped the author to identify and try to solve problems of appointment of expertise by the defense in the criminal justice of Ukraine.

Results. It is noted that according to the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, parties to criminal proceedings have equal rights to collect and submit to the court things, documents, other evidence, motions, complaints, as well as to exercise other procedural rights provided for by this Code. However, as a study of the investigative and judicial practice shows, the defense party does not always have the opportunity to exercise the right to appoint expert examinations at its own discretion by engaging an expert on contractual terms. It was established that most often the defense side is deprived of the opportunity to obtain the originals of the objects necessary for referral to the disposal of the expert, and, accordingly, it becomes difficult for the defense side to exercise the right to conduct an examination. Therefore, in reality, in practice, the defense side can only apply to the investigator, the prosecutor in accordance with Article 220 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine with a request to appoint a specific examination. Most often, the defense side is deprived of the opportunity to obtain the originals of the objects necessary for referral to the disposal of the expert, and, accordingly, it becomes difficult for the defense side to exercise the right to conduct an examination. Author thinks that the content of the request of the defense to the investigator, the prosecutor for the involvement of an expert, as well as the procedure for its consideration should be additionally regulated in the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine.

Conclusions. The author concludes that the procedural rights of the defense party to appoint an expertise declared in the CPC of Ukraine do not fully correspond to the general principles of adversariality of the parties and freedom in providing their evidence to the court and proving their persuasiveness before the court. Therefore, this issue requires further study, generalization, refinement and legal improvement, which must be provided by clearly formed norms that determine the set of rights of the prosecution and the defense in relation to the involvement of an expert to conduct an examination.
Legal experience regarding the reform of the police forces of the Republic of Poland: theory and practice
Authors: Kopcha Natalia , Kopcha Vasyl
Published: December 2023

The article contains a study of normative regulation and the specifics of the organization of police forces in Poland. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the law on the police of 1990, as well as other normative acts in this area.

Police reform was facilitated by the determination of the political elites of Poland regarding the priorities of social transformations, which were embodied in 1996 in the National Integration Strategy, a document that outlined the content of the reforms [ , p. 278]. From a political body that was an important attribute of the communist regime, in a few decades the Police of Poland turned into a police organization based on fundamentally new principles, which as of March 2016 was trusted by more than 72% of polled Poles.

Legislative foundations. As noted, in the Republic of Poland, a special law on police forces was approved back in 1990, during the first steps of reforming society and the state. The Police Law of April 6, 1990 (hereinafter - the Law) was amended by 137 acts (laws and decisions of the Constitutional Tribunal) by the end of 2017. In addition to the Law, the normative basis of the activities of the Polish police is a number of subordinate legal acts, namely: the order of the Council of Ministers “On the methods of proceedings in the exercise of certain powers of the police” dated 26.07.2005, the order of the Council of Ministers “On the determination of cases, as well as conditions and methods of use of direct coercion by the police” dated 17.09.1990, the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration “On Arming the Police” dated 15.11.2000, the order of the Council of Ministers “On special conditions and methods of proceedings in the use of firearms and ambushes by the police use of firearms by departments and subdivisions of the police” dated 19.07.2005, the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration “On police uniforms” dated 20.05.2009, the directive of the Chief Commandant of the Police “On the actions of police officers against road users who use diplomatic or consular immunities and privileges, and who enjoy domestic immunities” dated 03.01.2006, “Principles of professional ethics of a police officer” (approved by the order of the chief commandant of the police dated 31.12.2003 No. 805), etc.

It was concluded that the main factor in the reform of the Polish police was the obligation to implement the standards and values of EU police activity, the accession to which was a strategic goal of the state.
Historical development of the institute of special court proceedings in Ukraine (in absentia)
Authors: Spora Hanna
Published: December 2023

Judicial consideration of criminal proceedings without the participation of the accused (in absentia) is a fairly common thing in various legal systems and has deep historical roots, which are connected with local political events, culture and traditions. Thus, criminal proceedings in the absence of a suspect or accused are used in the legislation of the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, France, Switzerland, Denmark, Estonia, Moldova, and other countries.

However, regardless of different approaches to the application of such a mechanism of judicial proceedings, appeals to the European Court of Human Rights regarding the procedure for sentencing a person in absentia are not so rare.

In connection with this, questions often arise regarding the justness of the judicial process during absentee proceedings, since in such cases the accused is not present at the court session, which practically makes it difficult to observe his rights and freedoms.

The article analyzes the historical development of the institution of special criminal proceedings on the territory of Ukraine, since the formation of any modern legal system depends on historical and political changes in the country. The analysis of various historical legal documents will help to understand the reasons and conditions for the formation of the law enforcement technique in the criminal process during the consideration of the case without the participation of the accused in court (in absentia), the attitude to such type of procedure, as well as the protection of the rights of the parties during the use of special criminal proceedings.

The article examines the peculiarities of the emergence of such a mechanism as special court proceedings in Ukraine, the introduction of the “in absentia” institution, its peculiarities and the purpose of its functioning.
Practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine with respect to state protection of competition in entrepreneurial activities
Authors: Sus Mykhailo
Published: December 2023

This article aims to provide an overview of the practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine (the “CCU” or the “Court”) related to constitutional principles of state protection of competition in entrepreneurial activities, to determine the state of development of such practice and to analyse it.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing CCU’s decisions adopted following review of constitutional submissions, where issues related to state protection of competition were raised, the CCU’s positions set out in these decisions, as well as the CCU’s practice of considering constitutional complaints challenging constitutionality of certain provisions of Ukrainian legislation on protection of economic competition. System analysis of the CCU’s acts on the researched issues, Ukrainian legislation in force at the time of elaborating the article, and that in force at the time of adoption of relevant decisions by the CCU, as well as works of Ukrainian scholars relevant to the article’s objectives, were the main methodological basis for the research.

The analysis of the CCU’s practice on the researched issue does not allow for stating that it is very developed. Nevertheless, certain important issues have arisen before the CCU over the years of its activity. During the decade of 2000-2010, the CCU adopted a number of decisions clarifying the substantive content of constitutional provisions on state protection of competition, as well as outlining distribution of authorities between different branches of power in determining types and boundaries of monopolies, as well as in establishing competition rules. The period after 2010 has not yet been marked by adoption of remarkable CCU’s decisions on the researched topic.

Analysis of the CCU’s practice with respect to consideration of constitutional complaints shows their active use by business entities in order to challenge constitutionality of certain provisions of Ukrainian legislation on protection of economic competition. Despite the lack of success of such complaints to date, their contents and direction, which can be understood from relevant rulings on refusal to initiate constitutional proceedings, allow to identify problematic aspects of application of Ukrainian competition laws and define appropriate decisions to address them.
Legislation on conscription: comparative analysis
Authors: Baran Anzhelika
Published: December 2023

The objective of the research is to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the system of legal enforcement of military service as a method of forming the armed forces and influencing democratic processes in society, as well as to formulate well-founded proposals and methods for solving the identified problems.

Research methodology The research was conducted using the method of content analysis, which is used in the study of sources that are invariant to the structure and content of the object of scientific research. Content analysis combines nomothetic research methods with idiographic methods.

The method of conceptual analysis should be developed within the framework of the above- mentioned analytical study, as it is used to identify existing comparative and theoretical concepts of ensuring the order of conscription.

The analysis of the legal mechanism of ensuring the fulfilment of military service in the countries of the world, as well as the institutional mechanisms of ensuring the fulfilment of military service in Ukraine is carried out using the formal-logical method. The provisions of the legislation of Ukraine and other countries were analysed using the comparative legal method.

The subject is the legislation of Ukraine and the legislation of foreign countries in the field of military conscription.

Conclusions. The author of the mentioned study comes to the conclusion that an important element of the model of the legal enforcement of military duty - the subject, whose function is the duty to protect the state, to ensure its security, is the entire Ukrainian people; military service is not a function, but a constitutional duty of such a circle of subjects as citizens of Ukraine; this constitutional duty consists in 1) ensuring the defence of Ukraine; 2) protecting the sovereignty of Ukraine; 3) protecting the territorial integrity of Ukraine; 4) protecting the integrity of Ukraine; the fulfilment of this duty involves voluntary or conscript military service; military service is a form of fulfilment of the duty of a citizen of Ukraine; the special status of military personnel should be established in the legislation of Ukraine, as well as the procedure for completion of military service by citizens of Ukraine should be regulated.
War in Ukraine and the role of international non-governmental organizations in ensuring international cooperation of states in the field of health care
Authors: Homonay Vasyl
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this scientific article is to identify the role of international non-governmental organizations in ensuring international cooperation of states in the field of health care.

The article focuses on the role of such international non-governmental organizations during the war in Ukraine: the Red Cross Committee, the World Medical Association, the International Pharmaceutical Federation, etc.

International cooperation of states in the field of health care is a complex of legal means and institutions that the subjects of international public law - states - use to achieve common goals in the field of health care, which is implemented in the forms of multilateral and bilateral participation and is carried out accordingly to generally recognized principles and norms of international law. It can be carried out with the participation of both states and international intergovernmental organizations, but not international public organizations.

The subject of international legal relations in the field of health care can only be that international organization that is endowed by its member states with special competence, defined in its charter. The term “international intergovernmental organization” is not synonymous with the term “international public organization”.

The participation of non-governmental legal entities in activities in the field of health care does not contradict the norms of international law, however, they are not subjects of international legal relations in the field of health care, because they are not endowed by the states with special competence, which would be determined in their statute.
Procedural opportunities of the victim in a criminal trial
Authors: Popovych Ruslan , Klymchuk Mykhaylo
Published: December 2023

The scientific   study   is   devoted   to   clarifying   the   procedural   possibilities of the victim’s participation in an adversarial judicial criminal process, based on which recommendations were developed aimed at improving the tactics of conducting certain procedural actions, as well as the provisions of the criminal procedural legislation, which regulate the procedure for the victim’s participation at the stage of the trial. It is substantiated that legal guarantees of the realization of the procedural rights of the victim at the stage of the trial are aimed at creating certain opportunities for the victim in the examination of evidence, prevention (prevention) of violations by other participants in criminal proceedings, termination of violations of procedural rights and restoration of the violated right. It was determined that the basic legal guarantees of the victim during the trial include the following procedural possibilities: to be informed in advance about the time and place of the trial; submit evidence to the court and participate in their direct examination; to file objections and motions; to ensure safety for oneself, close relatives or members of one’s family, property and housing; give explanations, statements or refuse to give them; to challenge decisions, actions or inaction of authorized persons; support the prosecution in court in case the prosecutor refuses to support the state prosecution; to appeal court decisions in accordance with the procedure provided for by the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine and others. Also, in order to provide additional guarantees for the realization of the rights of the victim in the adversarial criminal process, arguments are given for making relevant changes to the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine in terms of: establishing for the victim the opportunity to be present when the preventive measure is selected, changed or canceled, to provide explanations and evidence to support their position, as well as the right to appeal decisions on the specified issues; indicating that the interrogation of the victim begins with the proposal of the presiding judge to give testimony regarding the criminal proceedings, after which his interrogation is carried out by applying direct and cross-examination.
Armed conflict and the legal system: some directions of influence
Authors: Popovych Tereziia , Topolnytska Mariana
Published: December 2023

The aim of the work is to analyze the ways in which armed conflicts affect the legal system and its components, in particular: institutional, functional, normative and ideological.

The methodological basis of the study is a system of methods, scientific approaches, techniques and principles that were aimed at achieving the study objectives. Universal, general scientific and special legal methods were used. Thus, for example, the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction allowed to generalize the acquired knowledge, which became the basis of scientific intelligence.

Results. The armed conflict is an important factor that affects all spheres of society, including the legal system as a complex system of legal phenomena. Armed conflicts pose a real threat to existing legal systems and inevitably lead to their transformation. This necessitates their in-depth scientific analysis, which undoubtedly determines the relevance of the topic under study. In order to achieve the goal of the study, the authors characterized each component of the legal system (institutional, functional, normative and ideological) and paid attention to their corresponding changes that took place as a result of the influence of the armed conflict on them.

Conclusions. The article outlines a scheme for analyzing the impact of armed conflict on the legal system, and in particular, it is proposed that it should be characterized by the degree of impact on the components of the legal system, namely, institutional, functional, normative and ideological. These components of the legal system contain most of the legal phenomena that reflect the patterns of its development during armed conflict. Although the armed conflict affects the legal system in general, the greatest impact is on the institutional and normative components, especially with regard to the concept of human rights, changes in the legal status of subjects, increasing influence of international law, changes in the correlation between international and national law, and the emergence of new areas requiring legal regulation.
Implementation of post-classical rationality in the modern discourse of legal protection of social morality
Authors: Ruvin Sergii
Published: December 2023

Modern Ukrainian society is at such a segment of world history that is called postmodern and post-industrial society, and therefore corresponds to a post-neoclassical type of rationality, which is characterized by non-linear development, self-organization and self-development, the transition to new models of relations, including state-legal ones sphere, especially when it comes to the development of democratic principles in local self-government and the structure of executive power, etc. For general jurisprudence, such approaches are considered promising, because they take into account random, probabilistic relationships along with cause-and-effect relationships. It is believed that the post-non-classical type of rationality “works” within the limits of the new (modern) development of science with a new way of knowing and the methodology of scientific research. At the same time, it is not only about science, but, in a broader sense, about the global transformation of the knowledge production system and the change in the ways of relating to society in the context of overcoming the “contemplative” nature of knowledge and giving it a praxeological focus with further inclusion in the conceptual field of post-classicism. Based on the peculiarities of post- non-classical rationality in social cognition, we will make an assumption about its threefold goal, which, in view of the above, consists in combining rational and logical possibilities in the studied phenomena and events with the intellectual and personal qualities of the researcher, including a wide range of “value orientations, existential experience, psychological characteristics, etc., that is, his understanding of social reality. Thus, it is substantiated that the weakness of state positions on the protection of public morality lies in the fact that, from the very beginning, a model of moral relations adequate to the requirements of the time was not formed, which would take into account the dynamics of social changes and find embodiment in legislation, state institutions, civil society, and was b a tool of social regulation, a criterion for assessing the vital activity of a person and society.
The purpose of administrative ensuring the balance of interests in the field of environmental regulation
Authors: Sirant Myroslava
Published: December 2023

The article examines the purpose of administrative maintenance of the balance of interests in the field of environmental regulation. Systemic, structural-functional methods and the method of comparison were used for the research. The topicality of the topic is due to the need to increase the effectiveness of the legal regulation of environmental protection, environmental safety, and nature management. In the context of current environmental legislation, the purpose and tasks of legal regulation are considered. It is noted that the subject-objective basis of administrative-legal regulation, which is expressed with the help of the concept of the idea of law. The latter acts as a legal idea of administrative and legal regulation in the field of ecology and forms the subject- objective basis of content and research. It is noted that the specification of the concept is manifested in the understanding of the balance of interests as a planned result of the coordination of the public interest of protecting the natural environment with basic public interests (economic well-being of citizens, security, and others), even with private interests. Protection of the public interest should have the ultimate goal of protecting the rights and freedoms of a specific person and citizen of the state. The purpose and planned result of the reconciliation of interests is to ensure basic public interests, ensure the subjective environmental rights and legitimate interests of citizens, and protect them from the misconduct of powerful subjects of administrative law in the field of legal regulation of environmental protection. The administrative-legal maintenance of the balance of interests in the field of environmental regulation is defined as a system of organizational, material and procedural administrative-legal means, with the help of which, in the process of realizing the public interest of environmental protection, basic public interests are ensured, the rights and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities are ensured and protected.