bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conflict, coexistence, or both? Cougar habitat selection, prey composition, and mortality in a multiple-use landscape
Authors: Stoner David C. , Ditmer Mark A. , Mitchell Dustin L. , Young Julie K. , Wolfe Michael L.
Published: November 2021

Western North America is experiencing remarkable human population growth and land-use change. Irrigation and associated cultivation have led to colonization of urban-wildland interface (UWI) environments by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and consequently, cougars (Puma concolor). In the wake of these changes, human-wildlife conflicts have increased in tandem with questions about long-term species conservation. To address these concerns, we fit 79 cougars with radio-telemetry collars in the Oquirrh Mountains near Salt Lake City, Utah (2002–2010). Our goal was to evaluate variation in cougar habitat selection, diet, and cause-specific mortality in a landscape dominated by urban, military, and industrial activities. We used radio-telemetry data in concert with Resource Selection Functions to address three hypotheses: (1) that cougars would select wildland over UWI land-uses; (2) prey composition would reflect differences in land-use; and (3) mortality would be predominantly human-caused. Cougars largely selected wildland habitats associated with seasonal mule deer presence, but contrary to expectation, they also selected habitats closer to urban and mined areas. Prey composition in the UWI did not differ from wildland habitats. Domestic ungulates represented only 2% of 540 recovered prey items and were found primarily in wildlands. Native ungulates comprised > 90% of the total kill, irrespective of season or land-use, suggesting that use of UWI habitats was linked to mule deer presence. Cougar mortality was disproportionately due to natural causes in wildlands, but individuals that died of human causes in UWI habitats were more likely to be inexperienced hunters, supporting young kittens, or compromised by physical handicaps. In general, presence of mule deer was the key predictor of cougar habitat use, even in this highly disturbed, anthropogenically altered landscape. As such, management designed to reduce conflict and ensure conservation will need to focus on urban deer, land-use planning, and targeted education campaigns to reduce food subsidies.
Remote Monitoring Programs for Cardiac Conditions
Authors: Clark Alexander , Sousa Bailey , Smith Andrea , Steele Duncan , Rader Tamara , MacDougall Danielle , Kaunelis David , Mason Jeff , Harris Jonathan
Published: November 2021

Remote monitoring is a type of telehealth whereby health care is delivered to patients outside traditional settings by allowing health data to be exchanged between patients and health care providers using telecommunication techniques (e.g., video conferencing) or stand-alone devices (e.g., portable heart rate monitors). The goals of remote monitoring centre around promoting home-based self-management to improve patient outcomes and/or reduce health system usage.

CADTH’s Health Technology Assessment included the following analyses:

A Realist Review: This sought to identify key perceived or actual mechanisms of remote monitoring programs. Substantial evidence was available regarding the use of remote monitoring programs for heart failure (n = 64) and cardiac rehabilitation (n = 23), limited evidence was available for atrial fibrillation (n = 4), and none was available for hypertension.

A Perspectives and Experiences Review: This thematic synthesis of primary qualitative research sought to understand and describe peoples’ experiences with and perspectives on remote monitoring programs for cardiac conditions. CADTH also engaged patients and caregivers directly in a patient engagement section.

An Ethics Review: This sought to identify and reflect upon key ethical issues that should be considered when contemplating the implementation of remote monitoring programs.

Overall, the vast majority of sampled patients, caregivers, and health professionals consistently found or perceived remote monitoring programs across different cardiac conditions to be easy to use and beneficial to health.

Remote monitoring programs may be an attractive adjunct as opposed to an alternative to existing health professionals and services.

Although remote monitoring programs may ultimately reduce avoidable hospitalizations, they may increase net costs and workload during set-up and operational phases without careful pathway design and expectations management.

More research is needed to identify the costs and cost-effectiveness of remote monitoring programs across chronic cardiac conditions.
DIAGNOSTICS OF DIABETIC CARDIAC AUTONOMOUS NEUROPATHY
Authors:   Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, N.V. Holupko , , T.V. Mohort ,   Belarusian State Medical University, N.I. Korzhenevskaja ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, N.L. Benchuk ,   Gomel Regional Endocrinological Dispensary
Published: November 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a severe disease that leads to an early disability and premature death. Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is a serious and frequent complication of diabetes mellitus with a poor prognosis. Timely diagnosis of DCAN can have important clinical implications, since DCAN is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality, arrhythmias, painless ischemia, and other cardiovascular disorders. Despite this, until now, in clinical practice, they are rarely engaged in an active search for the symptoms of DCAN and it remains a poorly studied and rarely diagnosed complication of diabetes mellitus. The article discusses the methods of detecting and assessing DACN in clinical practice, including the assessment of clinical manifestations, the use of reflex cardiovagal tests and common instrument6al diagnostic methods.
RISK ASSESSMENT OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG YOUNG STUDENTS ON THE BASIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL INDICES
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, E.N. Kasparova , V.I. Dunai ,   Polesie State University
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of a study of morphological predictors of aggressive behavior among students. The study involved 111 young men and 131 young women aged 18 to 22 years. The programme included anthropometry and psychological testing. Tanner index, finger index, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio were calculated. Aggression was assessed using the Bass-Perry questionnaire and the aggression provocation questionnaire. As a result of the study, inter-sex differences in morphological and functional indicators and aggressiveness were clarified: according to the Tanner index, body mass index, and finger index, masculinity is more pronounced for males than females. Young men, in comparison with young women, have a significantly more masculine finger index and their assessment of physical and verbal aggression and the general index of aggression is more pronounced. In a situation of provocation, young women often use escape strategies, while young men use open aggression. It was found that the most significant phenotypic indicators of the risk of aggressive behavior in young women are increased body mass index (more than 26.68) and Tanner index (andromorphic body type). In young men, the masculine type of the finger index (2D: 4D value below 0.987) is a prognostic criterion for the manifestation of open aggression in a situation of provocation.
GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS ARE LEADERS IN REDUCING CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Yu.M. Gromova , A.A. Bova ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: November 2021

Developed in the last 15 years, a new class of sugar-lowering drugs - glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists - has become one of the leaders in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, prediabetes and obesity. Numerous studies have proven the cardiovascular safety of this medicine class, their cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects. That served as the basis for making changes to clinical recommendations on the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
RESPONSES OF THE ADAPTIVE SYSTEM OF IMMUNITY TO SARS-COV-2
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Friendship of Peoples Medical University, A.M. Cygankov , V.V. Yanchenko ,   Vitebsk State Order of Friendship of Peoples Medical University
Published: November 2021

The adaptive immune system is important for fighting viral infections. The main components of the adaptive immune system are B-lymphocytes, CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes. In this article we reviewed publications dealing with humoral and cellular responses in humans to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The COVID-19 disease in question has resulted in high morbidity and mortality worldwide in a short period of time. Scientific advances in understanding the new disease have been extraordinarily rapid, a testament to the work of the international scientific community, both in academia and industry, under extremely stressful conditions. In this article we will look at the current understanding of adaptive immunity responses in COVID-19 and vaccination. It should be borne in mind that the immune response contributes not only to host protection but also to immunopathology. By obtaining answers to questions concerning the adaptive immune response to SARS-COV-2, the practical challenges facing health professionals and society can be addressed.
DEGENERATIVE-DYSTROPHIC CHANGES IN THE SPINE: FROM HERNIATED DISC TO SPONTANEOUS RESORPTION
Authors:   1134 Military Clinical Medical Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, A.I. Hamanovich , A.G. Baida ,   Belarusian State Medical University, V.V. Levantsevich ,   1134 Military Clinical Medical Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, N.L. Gavina ,   Grodno University Clinic
Published: November 2021

A herniated disc is the most frequent manifestation of the degenerative-dystrophic process in the spine, which manifests itself in the most working age. Often, when a herniated disc is detected, such patients are referred for surgical treatment. Published meta-analyzes have shown that there are no significant differences in the effectiveness of surgical treatment of disc herniation and conservative tactics in a long-term comparison. The ineffectiveness of epidural blockade with glucocorticosteroid hormones and long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been shown. All this dictates the need to study other methods of effective treatment of patients with discogenic pain syndrome. This article provides an overview of the study of the mechanisms of spontaneous resorption of intervertebral hernias, which is essentially a sanogenetic response of the body. The focus on patterns, connected to development of neurological manifestations, is vital. This direction in the study of degenerative disc disease, in our opinion, is the most promising at the present stage of development of medical science.
TO THE 100-TH ANNIVERSARY FROM BIRTH OF BELYAKOV VITALY DMITRIEVICH. MESSAGE 1. VITALY DMITRIEVICH BELYAKOV-EDUCATOR MILITARY MEDICAL ACADEMY: TALENTED TEACHER, OUTSTANDING
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, S.M. Lebedev , G.N. Chistenko ,   Belarusian State Medical University, I.V. Fedorova ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to the outstanding scientist-epidemiologist, doctor of medical sciences, professor, academician, major general of the medical service Vitaly Dmitrievich Belyakov. The main stages of the biography and scientific path of Academician V.D. Belyakov, noted for his services in the development of epidemiology and medicine in general. V.D. Belyakov was a reformer and innovator in the field of epidemiological practice and education in the field of all preventive medicine. The theory of internal regulation of parasitic systems developed by the scientist, which describes the mechanisms of formation and manifestation of the epidemic process, is the theoretical basis of epidemiology.
SEVERE LUNG INVOLVEMENT AND RISK PREDICTION OF ITS DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SPONDYLARTHRITЕS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, S.E. Fedorovich
Published: November 2021

The severity of pulmonary involvement in patients with spondylarthritеs and rheumatoid arthritis is determined by the nature of lung affection and functional disorders. Objective. To single out severe affection of the lungs among the varieties of pulmonary involvement in patients with spondylarthritеs and rheumatoid arthritis and to devise a model predicting the risk of development of severe lung affection in patients with spondylarthritеs and rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and methods. The study involved 172 patients with spondylarthritеs and rheumatoid arthritis. The patients were interviewed. The presence of antibodies to atypical lung infections in blood was determined. The multispiral computer tomography of thorax was performed. The diffusion lung capacity was tested. In order to process the data Statistica 10 software package was used. With aim to predict the risk of development of severe lung affection logistic regression was carried out, also a logistic model was built. Results. Varieties of lung involvement leading to a decrease in the diffusion lung capacity were qualified as severe lung involvement. In view of the revealed risk factors a logistic model was built which predicted the risk of development of severe lung affection in patients with spondylarthritеs and rheumatoid arthritis. The predictive value of the model was 80,7%. According to ROC-analysis the cut-off point was 0,47. AUC=0,81±0,05; р<0,001. Model sensitivity was 83,9%, its specificity was 70,0%. Its working capacity was confirmed on an independent sample of patients. In accordance with the check results the predictive value of the model was 78,1%. Conclusion. Severe lung affection in patients with spondylarthritеs and rheumatoid arthritis leads to a decrease in the lung gas exchange. The logistic regression model makes it possible to predict the risk of development of severe lung involvement in this group of patients.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES BURN INJURIES IN WORKING AND WEEKENDS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, O.N. Petrovskaya , M.I. Rimzha ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: November 2021

The share of patients injured in working and weekends by the same agents (hot liquids, flames, solid hot objects, electric currents) having the defeat of the same name topographic parts of the body, as well as the same area and the degree of burns, were not statistically significant. At the same time, taking into account the gender structure of victims in working days among men, it was 6 times more affected by electric shock, 1.6 times more victims from exposure to chemicals and 1.5 times from contact with solid hot objects, as well as persons with a more frequent lesion of the skin of the head (1.6 times) and the respiratory tract (2.1 times), with extensive (more than 25% of the body surface) and deep (IV degree) of skin cuts (1.8 and 1.5 times, respectively).
A differential emissivity imaging technique for measuring hydrometeor mass and type
Authors: Singh Dhiraj K. , Donovan Spencer , Pardyjak Eric R. , Garrett Timothy J.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The Differential Emissivity Imaging Disdrometer (DEID) is a new evaporation-based optical and thermal instrument designed to measure the mass, size, density and type of individual hydrometeors as well as their bulk properties. Hydrometeor spatial dimensions are measured on a heated metal plate using an infrared camera by exploiting the much higher thermal emissivity of water compared with metal. As a melted hydrometeor evaporates, its mass can be directly related to the loss of heat from the hotplate assuming energy conservation across the hydrometeor. The heat loss required to evaporate a hydrometeor is found to be independent of environmental conditions including ambient wind velocity, moisture level and temperature. The difference in heat loss for snow vs. rain for a given mass offers a method for discriminating precipitation phase. The DEID measures hydrometeors at sampling frequencies of up to 1 Hz with masses and effective diameters greater than 1 µg and 200 µm, respectively, determined by the size of the hotplate and the thermal camera specifications. Measurable snow water equivalent (SWE) precipitation rates range from 0.001 to 200 mm h−1, as validated against a standard weighing bucket. Preliminary field experiment measurements of snow and rain from the winters of 2019 and 2020 provided continuous automated measurements of precipitation rate, snow density and visibility. Measured hydrometeor size distributions agree well with canonical results described in the literature.
Modeling interactions between tides, storm surges, and river discharges in the Kapuas River delta
Authors: Sampurno Joko , Vallaeys Valentin , Ardianto Randy , Hanert Emmanuel
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The Kapuas River delta is a unique estuary system on the west coast of Borneo Island, Indonesia. Its hydrodynamics is driven by an interplay between storm surges, tides, and rivers discharge. These interactions are likely to be exacerbated by global warming, leading to more frequent compound flooding in the area. The mechanisms driving compound flooding events in the Kapuas River Delta remain, however, poorly known. Here we attempt to fill this gap by assessing the interactions between river discharges, tides, and storm surges and how they can drive a compound inundation over the riverbanks, particularly within Pontianak, the main city along the Kapuas River. We simulated these interactions using the multi-scale hydrodynamic model SLIM. Our model correctly reproduces the Kapuas River’s hydrodynamics and its interactions with tides and storm surge from the Karimata Strait. We considered several extreme scenario test cases to evaluate the impact of tide-storm-discharge interactions on the maximum water level profile from the river mouth to the upstream part of the river. Based on the maximum water level profiles, we could divide the main branch of the Kapuas River’s stream into three zones, i.e., the tidally-dominated region (from the river mouth to about 4 km upstream), the mixed-energy region (from about 4 km to about 30 km upstream) and the river-dominated region (beyond 30 km upstream). Thus, the local water management can define proper mitigation for handling compound flooding hazards along the riverbanks by using this zoning category. The model also successfully reproduced a compound inundation event in Pontianak, which occurred on 29 December 2018. For this event, the wind-generated surge appeared to be the dominant trigger.
Modelling temporal variability of in-situ soil water and vegetation isotopes reveals ecohydrological couplings in a willow plot
Authors: Smith Aaron , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Landgraf Jessica , Dubbert Maren , Soulsby Chris
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The partitioning of water fluxes in the critical zone is of great interest due to the implications for understanding water cycling and quantifying water availability for various ecosystem services. We used the tracer-aided ecohydrological model EcH2O-iso to evaluate water, energy, water stable isotope, and biomass dynamics at an intensively monitored study plot under two willow trees, a riparian species, in Berlin, Germany. Importantly, we assessed the value of in-situ soil and plant water isotope data to quantify xylem water sources and transit times, with coupled estimates of the temporal dynamics and ages of soil and root-uptake water. The willows showed high evapotranspiration water use, with limited percolation of summer precipitation to deeper soil layers due to the dominance of shallow root-uptake (> 80 % in the upper 10 cm). Lower evapotranspiration under grass resulted in higher soil moisture storage, greater soil evaporation and more percolation of soil water. Biomass allocation was predominantly foliage growth (57 % in grass and 78 % in willow). Shallow soil water age under grass was similar to under willows (15–17 days). Considering potential xylem transit times showed a large improvement in the model's capability to estimate xylem isotopic composition and water age, and revealed the high value of in-situ data within modelling. Root-uptake was predominately derived from summer precipitation events (56 %) and had an average age of 35 days, with xylem transport times taking at least 6.2–8.1 days. By evaluating water partitioning, energy and isotope mass-balance, along with biomass allocation, the model revealed multifaceted capabilities for assessing water cycling within the critical zone at high temporal resolution, including xylem water sources and transport, which are all necessary for short and long-term assessment of water availability for plant growth.
A 1 km global dataset of historical (1979–2013) and future (2020–2100) Köppen–Geiger climate classification and bioclimatic variables
Authors: Cui Diyang , Liang Shunlin , Wang Dongdong , Liu Zheng
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The Köppen–Geiger classification scheme provides an effective and ecologically meaningful way to characterize climatic conditions and has been
widely applied in climate change studies. Significant changes in the
Köppen climates have been observed and projected in the last 2
centuries. Current accuracy, temporal coverage and spatial and temporal
resolution of historical and future climate classification maps cannot
sufficiently fulfill the current needs of climate change research.
Comprehensive assessment of climate change impacts requires a more accurate
depiction of fine-grained climatic conditions and continuous long-term time
coverage. Here, we present a series of improved 1 km Köppen–Geiger
climate classification maps for six historical periods in 1979–2013 and four future periods in 2020–2099 under RCP2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5. The historical
maps are derived from multiple downscaled observational datasets, and the
future maps are derived from an ensemble of bias-corrected downscaled CMIP5
projections. In addition to climate classification maps, we calculate 12
bioclimatic variables at 1 km resolution, providing detailed descriptions of annual averages, seasonality, and stressful conditions of climates. The new maps offer higher classification accuracy than existing climate map products
and demonstrate the ability to capture recent and future projected changes
in spatial distributions of climate zones. On regional and continental
scales, the new maps show accurate depictions of topographic features and
correspond closely with vegetation distributions. We also provide a
heuristic application example to detect long-term global-scale area changes
of climate zones. This high-resolution dataset of the Köppen–Geiger
climate classification and bioclimatic variables can be used in conjunction
with species distribution models to promote biodiversity conservation and to
analyze and identify recent and future interannual or interdecadal changes
in climate zones on a global or regional scale. The dataset referred to as
KGClim is publicly available via http://glass.umd.edu/KGClim (Cui et al., 2021d)​​​​​​​ and can also be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5347837 (Cui et al., 2021c) for historical climate and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4542076 (Cui et al., 2021b) for future climate.
The OH (3-1) nightglow volume emission rate retrieved from OSIRIS measurements: 2001 to 2015
Authors: Li Anqi , Roth Chris Z. , Bourassa Adam E. , Degenstein Douglas A. , Pérot Kristell , Christensen Ole Martin , Murtagh Donal P.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The OH airglow has been used to investigate the chemistry and dynamics of the mesosphere and the lower thermosphere (MLT) for a long time. The infrared imager (IRI) aboard the Odin satellite has been recording the night-time 1.53 µm OH (3-1) emission for more than 15 years (2001–2015), and we have recently processed the complete data set. The newly derived data products contain the volume emission rate profiles and the Gaussian-approximated layer height, thickness, peak intensity and zenith intensity, and their corresponding error estimates. In this study, we describe the retrieval steps for these data products. We also provide data screening recommendations. The monthly zonal averages depict the well-known annual oscillation and semi-annual oscillation signatures, which demonstrate the fidelity of the data set (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4746506, Li et al., 2021). The uniqueness of this Odin IRI OH long-term data set makes it valuable for studying various topics, for instance, the sudden stratospheric warming events in the polar regions and solar cycle influences on the MLT.
Aircraft measurements of water vapor heavy isotope ratios in the marine boundary layer and lower troposphere during ORACLES
Authors: Henze Dean , Noone David , Toohey Darin
Published: November 2021

Abstract. This paper presents the water vapor heavy isotope ratio measurement system developed for aircraft in-situ measurements and used in the NASA ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) project. The resultant dataset collected, which includes measurements of specific humidity and the heavy isotope ratios D / H and 18O / 16O, is also presented. Aircraft sampling took place in the southeast Atlantic marine boundary layer and lower troposphere (equator to 22° S) over the months of Sept. 2016, Aug. 2017, and Oct. 2018. Isotope measurements were made using cavity ring-down spectroscopic analyzers integrated into the Water Isotope System for Precipitation and Entrainment Research (WISPER). The water concentration and isotopic data accompanied a suite of other variables including standard meteorological quantities (wind, temperature, moisture), trace gas and aerosol concentrations, radar, and lidar remote sensing. From an isotope perspective, the 300+ hours of 1 Hz in-situ data at levels in the atmosphere ranging from 70 m to 6 km represents a remarkably large and vertically resolved dataset. This paper provides a brief overview of the ORACLES mission and describes how water vapor heavy isotope ratios fit within the experimental design. Overviews of the sampling region and WISPER system setup are presented, along with calibration details, measurement uncertainties, and suggested data usage. Characteristics in the spatial variability of the study region over the three sampling periods are highlighted with latitude-altitude curtains. A number of individual tropospheric profiles are presented to illustrate the fidelity with which a series of different hydrologic processes are captured by the observations. The curtains and profiles demonstrate the dataset’s potential to provide a comprehensive perspective on moisture transport and isotopic content in this region. Readers interested in a quick reference to data usage and uncertainty estimation can consult the beginning of section 5. Data for the Sept. 2016, Aug. 2017, and Oct. 2018 sampling periods can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5067/Suborbital/ORACLES/P3/2016_V2, https://doi.org/10.5067/Suborbital/ORACLES/P3/2017_V2, and https://doi.org/10.5067/Suborbital/ORACLES/P3/2018_V2, respectively (see references for ORACLES Science Team, 2020 – 2016 P3 data, 2017 P3 data, and 2018 P3 data).
dh2loop 1.0: an open-source Python library for automated processing and classification of geological logs
Authors: Joshi Ranee , Madaiah Kavitha , Jessell Mark , Lindsay Mark , Pirot Guillaume
Published: November 2021

Abstract. A huge amount of legacy drilling data is available in
geological survey but cannot be used directly as they are compiled and recorded
in an unstructured textual form and using different formats depending on the
database structure, company, logging geologist, investigation method,
investigated materials and/or drilling campaign. They are subjective and
plagued by uncertainty as they are likely to have been conducted by tens to
hundreds of geologists, all of whom would have their own personal biases.
dh2loop (https://github.com/Loop3D/dh2loop, last access: 30 September 2021​​​​​​​) is an open-source Python library for
extracting and standardizing geologic drill hole data and exporting them into
readily importable interval tables (collar, survey, lithology). In this
contribution, we extract, process and classify lithological logs from the
Geological Survey of Western Australia (GSWA) Mineral Exploration Reports (WAMEX) database
in the Yalgoo–Singleton greenstone belt (YSGB) region. The contribution also addresses the
subjective nature and variability of the nomenclature of lithological
descriptions within and across different drilling campaigns by using
thesauri and fuzzy string matching. For this study case, 86 % of the
extracted lithology data is successfully matched to lithologies in the
thesauri. Since this process can be tedious, we attempted to test the string
matching with the comments, which resulted in a matching rate of 16 %
(7870 successfully matched records out of 47 823 records). The standardized
lithological data are then classified into multi-level groupings that can be
used to systematically upscale and downscale drill hole data inputs for
multiscale 3D geological modelling. dh2loop formats legacy data bridging the gap
between utilization and maximization of legacy drill hole data and drill
hole analysis functionalities available in existing Python libraries
(lasio, welly, striplog).
Weaknesses in dust emission modelling hidden by tuning to dust in the atmosphere
Authors: Chappell Adrian , Webb Nicholas , Hennen Mark , Zender Charles , Ciais Philippe , Schepanski Kerstin , Edwards Brandon , Ziegler Nancy , Jones Sandra , Balkanski Yves , Tong Daniel , Leys John , Heidenreich Stephan , Hynes Robert , Fuchs David , Zeng Zhenzhong , Ekström Marie , Baddock Matthew , Lee Jeffrey , Kandakji Tarek
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Dust emissions influence global climate while simultaneously reducing the productive potential and resilience of landscapes to climate stressors, together impacting food security and human health. Vegetation is a major control on dust emission because it extracts momentum from the wind and shelters the soil surface, protecting dry and loose material from erosion by winds. Many of the current dust emission models (TEM) assume that the Earth’s land surface is constantly devoid of vegetation, then adjust the dust emission using a vegetation cover reciprocal, and finally calibrate to dust in the atmosphere. We compare this approach with an albedo-based dust emission model (AEM) which calibrates Earth’s land surface shadow to shelter depending on wind speed, to represent aerodynamic roughness spatio-temporal variation. We also compare these dust emission models with estimates of dust in the atmosphere using dust optical depth frequency (DOD). Using existing datasets of satellite observed dust emission from dust point sources (DPS), we show that during the same period, DOD frequency exceeds DPS frequency by up to two orders of magnitude (RMSEDOD = 67 days). Relative to DPS frequency, both models over-estimated dust emission frequency by up to one order of magnitude (RMSETEM = 6 days; RMSEAEM = 4 days) but showed strong relations with DPS frequency suitable for calibrating models to observed dust emission. Theoretically, the TEM is incomplete in its formulation, which despite the pragmatic adjustment using the vegetation cover reciprocal, causes dust emission to be highly dependent on wind speed and over-estimates large (> 0.1 kg m−2 a−1) dust emission over vast vegetated areas. Consequently, the TEM produces considerable falsely positive change in dust emission, relative to the AEM. Since the main difference between the dust emission models is the treatment of aerodynamic roughness we conclude that its crude representation in the TEM has caused large, previously unknown, uncertainty in Earth System Models (ESMs). Our results indicate that tuning dust emission models to dust in the atmosphere has hidden for more than two decades, these TEM modelling weaknesses and its poor performance. The AEM overcomes these weaknesses and improves performance without tuning. In ESMs the AEM can be driven by available prognostic albedo to represent the fidelity of drag partition physics to reduce uncertainty of aerosol effects on, and responses to, contemporary and future environmental change.
Differential expression of the IRF6 gene in the signs of Van der Woude Syndrome: Are distinct genetic modifiers operating?
Authors: Lisboa Rosany De Oliveira , Martins Cláudia Maria da Rocha , Santos Maria Elisabete Silva , Pereira Danilo Leôncio Aguiar , Carvalho Flávia Martinez de , Orioli Ieda Maria , Guerreiro João Farias , Vieira Alexandre Rezende , Santana-da-Silva Luiz Carlos
Published: November 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to report a new variant in the Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 gene (IRF6) and to determine phenotype-genotype correlations in a family segregating Van der Woude syndrome.Methods: A five-generation family of 80 individuals segregating VWS was investigated using a tabulated pedigree but considering that three individuals registered in the pedigree died shortly after birth, the final sample size was 77 individuals.  Five individuals had a complete dental clinical examination and molecular analysis performed using direct sequencing of the exon 4 and an adjacent region with 23 base pairs of the IRF6 gene.Results: Features of VWS reported in family history were present in 36.4% (28/77) of all family members; of these 57% (16/28) had pits in the lower lip, 36% (10/28) had both pits and orofacial clefts and 7 % (2/28) had only orofacial clefts. Developmental dental anomalies were observed in three individuals. The sequence analysis of exon 4 of the IRF6 gene carried out for 4 family members revealed the presence of the SNP rs7552506 (c.175-5C> G) located in five base pairs before the start of exon. The analysis of exon 4 of the IRF6 gene also revealed a new variant c.269G>C (p.Ser90Thr) which causes exchange of the Serine amino acid residue for the Threonine residue. Conclusions: The c.269G>C(p.Ser90Thr) can interfere with multimeric interactions and with protein conformation that will be slightly destabilized, because the mutant residue is bigger than the wild-type residue. The phenotypic variations in the cases studied, despite carrying the same genetic mutation, suggest that distinct genetic modifiers operate on the formation of clefts and dental development.
Analysis of orofacial myofunctional factors in kindergarten subjects
Authors:   University of Mississippi, Hale Sue , Kellum Gloria , Nason Virginia , Johnson Margaret ,   Mississippi Methodist Rehabilitation Center
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Subjects from a normal population distribution can provide insight into behaviors that are typical during specified periods of development and atypical at other stages. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate kindergarten subjects for frequency of occurrence of oral facial postures or behaviors that have been associated with malocclusion, orthodontic relapse and cosmetic deviation in orthodontic patients as another step in the development of longitudinal, normative data.
Orofacial myofunctional assessments in adults with malocclusion: A scoping review
Authors:   Southeast Missouri State University, Washington Samantha , Ray Jayanti
Published: November 2021

Background: Breathing, chewing, swallowing, sleep, and speech disorders are known to be associated with malocclusions. Assessment protocols using non-instrumental evaluation of orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD) in adults with malocclusions are almost nonexistent. Purpose: This scoping review aimed to determine the existence of scientific evidence demonstrating the areas of non-instrumental assessment of OMD in adults with malocclusion. Another purpose was to identify the protocols for assessing the nature of orofacial myofunctional assessments in adults with malocclusion. Methods: An electronic search was performed in the databases: MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Health & Medical Collection, Medline, Nursing and Allied Health Database, Common Health Complete, PubMed, Consumer Health, and Health Services: Nursing/Academic Edition, for papers published between 2000 and October 2021. This exhaustive search was conducted using the key search terms: oral myofunctional disorders, orofacial myofunctional disorders, malocclusion, assessment protocols, and adults. The articles were selected for inclusion and analysis by two independent researchers. Results: The search strategy with a list of eligibility criteria resulted in the retrieval of 72 peer-reviewed studies. Only 21 were included in the article since they were related to the assessment areas of OMD due to malocclusion. Out of 21, only three articles included information on OMD assessment protocols for adults. Information on assessments from the articles was extracted and analyzed by the authors. The results of this study indicated that published oromyofunctional assessment protocols, specifically for adults with malocclusion, are limited. Conclusions: Though the availability of valid and reliable protocols is limited, OMD assessments must address various orofacial functions and draw from multiple disciplines to initiate appropriate referrals for improving the quality of life of patients with OMD.
Emocje i nieświadome procesy w ucieleśnionych metaforach
Authors: Łukasik Albert
Published: November 2021

W tekście podjęto próbę wyjaśnienia funkcjonowania ucieleśnionych metafor na poziomie nieświadomym w oparciu o ich neuronalne korelaty i przetwarzanie emocjonalne. Na wstępie krótko opisano przykładowe zastosowania metafor, a także możliwe wyjaśnienie ich funkcjonowanie na poziomie ucieleśnionym. W pierwszej części zaprezentowano kilka przykładowych artykułów pokazujących metodologię i wnioski płynące z badań nad obrazowaniem aktywności mózgu w trakcie tworzenia i interpretowania języka figuratywnego. W drugiej części omówiono sposób, w jaki ucieleśnione metafory mogą wpływać na procesy decyzyjne i moralny osąd na poziomie nieświadomym, przedstawiając także możliwe biologiczne wyjaśnienie. Następnie omówiono niektóre z neuronalnych mechanizmów odpowiedzialnych za ucieleśnione poznanie wraz z hipotezą markerów somatycznych Antonia Damasio, ujmując w całość rolę ciała i sygnałów emocjonalnych w nieświadomym przetwarzaniu informacji. Na końcu przedstawiono niektóre z potencjalnych problemów, które mogą wynikać ze stanowiska przyjętego w tekście, a także kilka implikacji dla dalszych badań nad ucieleśnionym poznaniem, emocjami i nieświadomością.
Breeding way to create intensive varieties of Jerusalem artichoke (Topinambour) and Topinsa sunfl ower
Authors:   Central Botanical Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Popoff Eugene , Kuptsov Nicolai S. ,   Central Botanical Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Published: November 2021

The work substantiates the necessity for accelerated breeding of new intensive Topinambour (Jerusalem artichoke) and Topinsa sunfl ower cultivars endowed with permanent heterosis, suited to modern agriculture at continuous aridization of the European climate. Corresponding to the genetic algorithms of their creation and results of practical selection are adduced. Wild Helianthus spp. from the North American Gene Centre and topinsa sunfl ower can become genes’ donors for tuber ‘optimal cork layer’ synthesis.
Multiperspectivity in lesson designs of history teachers: The role of schoolbook texts in the design of multiperspective history lessons
Authors:   University of Amsterdam, Kropman Marc , Van Boxtel Carla ,   University of Amsterdam, Van Drie Jannet ,   Research Institute of Child Development and Education, Netherlands
Published: November 2021

Textbook narratives of a nation’s past often present a limited frame of reference, which impedes the aim of teaching history from multiple perspectives. This study aims to explore the use of multiperspectivity in teachers’ lesson designs for 10th grade students based upon a text that includes multiple perspectives (HP) (N=8) compared to a text that hardly includes multiperspectivity (LP) (N=10). The lesson designs were analyzed on multiperspectivity regarding aims, instruction, materials and learning activities, and also on actors, elements of scale, dimensions, historians interpretations and students’ perspectives. We found that different dimensions (for example, political, economic) were more often incorporated in the lesson designs based upon text HP, but that students’ perspectives were more often included in the designs based upon text LP. Only one fifth of the lesson designs reflected a high overall level of multiperspectivity. Nevertheless, text HP generated more multiperspectivity with respect to aims and instruction, dimensions, scale and historiography than text LP. Interviews with the teachers showed that the interpretation of the exam program – either a focus on learning historical reasoning or acquiring a chronological overview of knowledge – seemed decisive in the design of the lessons. This study calls for careful incorporating multiperspectivity in textbook by authors, and in their lessons by teachers who seek to do justice to multiple perspectives.
DEMENTIA IN ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS
Authors: Brunjadze Sophio , Vashadze Shorena , Dolidze Ketevan , Artmeladze Mikheil
Published: November 2021

Oncological diseases are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The problem is quite topical since the number of patients with cancer is a sensitive theme. At present, there are about 20 million people having the disease all over the world. Hence, the number of elderly people with the disease is about 10-15%. The purpose of our research was to study dementia in cancer patients. The study was conducted in the Batumi high-tech hospital (Batumi Oncological Center). 100 patients aged 25 to 75 participated in this study. Among them, the 60 patients were female and 40 were male. At the same time, only 45 patients were operated on. Of these, 16 patients were operated after chemotherapy, 4 patients after radiotherapy and 35 patients during combination therapy. 6 patients with lung cancer, 22 patients with breast cancer, 6 patients with skin cancer, 7 patients with gastric cancer, 4 patients with bladder cancer, 15 patients with ovarian cancer, 25 patients with uterine cancer were examined. In the study, three of them had the family history of dementia. We studied the patient's medical history, physiological data, assessed their mental and cognitive functions to determine the diagnosis of dementia. We studied the patient's medical history, physiological data, assessed their mental and cognitive functions, mini-mental state examination, and carried out a survey of family members as the patients often had difficulty precisely describing the symptoms to determine the diagnosis of dementia. Out of 100 patients, 20% of them had mild dementia, 44% - moderate dementia and 35 % - severe dementia. Among the patients examined, dementia was not observed in 1%. Computed tomography of the brain was performed on the examined patients. Cerebral atrophy, a decrease in brain mass and volume in 34%, cortical atrophy in 60% of patients and the expansion of the ventricle system of the brain in 35% were revealed in the pathomorphological picture. The atrophic process is strongly expressed in the pariental (17%), frontal and temporal lobes (76%). Therefore, dementia is quite common in cancer patients with severe and moderate depression, predominant in 79%. Dementia was not observed only in one case, which is very important. The researchers point out reversible dementia after chemotherapy, which is reversible after a while. Community involvement has great importance for the treatment and psychological adaptation to the new reality of cancer patients. It is necessary to develop educational programs aimed at providing assistance from the moment of diagnosis to the end of treatment.
Teaching Experience and Views of Pronunciation Formative Assessment
Authors: Qutub Hassan
Published: November 2021

The current study aimed at investigating the differences between novice and expert Arab EFL teachers in their views of providing pronunciation corrective feedback to their students. Four teachers were recruited for the study. Two novice teachers and two experienced teachers. Both groups of teachers were interviewed about their views of providing pronunciation corrective feedback. Interview data analysis revealed the existence of six major differences between novice and experienced teachers in their views of pronunciation corrective feedback. These differences included timing, frequency, considering students’ proficiency level, considering the skill being taught, focus on form and/or meaning, and the range of pronunciation corrective feedback techniques used. Further suggestions included incorporating a pronunciation corrective feedback component in teacher development as well as professional training programs.
The experiences of NHS hospital acute medicine departments in England during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   MBChB Clinical Fellow, NHS England and Improvement, Respiratory Registrar St George’s University Hospitals NHS Trust, Bartlett-Pestell S , Adelaja I ,   MBChB NHS England and Improvement, Internal Medicine Trainee, Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Navaratnam A ,   MBChB NHS England and Improvement, ENT Registrar, University College Hospital London, Gandhi V ,   MBBS NHS England and Improvement, Oncology Registrar, University College Hospital London, Briggs T ,   MD NHS England and Improvement, Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Dyer P ,   MBChB Acute and General Medicine, Consultant in Endocrinology and Acute Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Jones M ,   MD Acute and General Medicine, Consultant in Acute Medicine University Hospital of North Durham
Published: November 2021

We conducted a survey exploring the experiences of NHS hospital acute medicine services in England during the 1st wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses were collected from 26th May to 8th July 2020. The results of 91 sites are presented. The total number of patients referred to the medical take for assessment and admitted from the medical take decreased from pre-pandemic levels compared to peak COVID-19 activity. The total number of acute medical beds decreased, however critical care beds increased by 162%. We report the median timeline from first admission of COVID-19 to when baseline critical care capacity was reached. We found regional variation across the results. These findings can assist healthcare leaders prepare for future pandemics.
Elevated level of urea is a good predictor for 30-day all-cause mortality in acutely admitted medical patients
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Posth S , Anteskog ET ,   MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Brabrand M ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, ospital f South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
Published: November 2021

Objective: To assess the correlation between urea and mortality in acutely ill medical patients admitted to hospital. Methods: We included consecutively admitted adult patients from the medical admission unit at a regional Danish hospital. Data on mortality was extracted. The association with 30-day mortality was described using cubic splines, and discriminatory power, crude association and adjusted analyses were performed. Results: We included 5,894 patients, with a 30-day mortality of 5.6%. We found a dose-response relation between urea and 30-day mortality with an increase from 2.7% to 19.5% (p<0.001). Conclusion: Elevated urea is strongly associated with 30-day all-cause mortality in acutely admitted medical patients with acceptable discrimination and good calibration.