bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe Temozolomide-Induced Thrombocytopenia is Linked to Increased Healthcare Utilisation in Glioblastoma and Disproportionally Impacts Female Patients
Authors: van Hout Leon , Borgo Alessia D , Grun Nienke , Schuur Maaike , Broen Martijn P G , Westerman Bart A , Bartelink Imke , Vandertop W P , Lissenberg – Witte Birgit I , Kouwenhoven Mathilde C M
Published: January 2025

Background

Thrombocytopenia is a major temozolomide-induced adverse event during the standard treatment of glioblastoma. Consequently, platelet transfusions and treatment modifications may impact quality of life and long-term treatment outcomes. Understanding the impact of thrombocytopenia on healthcare utilisation is crucial to mitigate the need for healthcare resources in glioblastoma patients. Here, we assess the influence of thrombocytopenia-related healthcare among patients diagnosed with glioblastoma.

Methods

We retrospectively collected patient information treated at the Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam between 2008 and 2021. The occurrence of thrombocytopenia, patient demographics, treatment details and healthcare utilisation data were gathered from patients who received standard glioblastoma treatment. Associations between temporal severity of thrombocytopenia as categorised by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, patient characteristics, and healthcare utilisation were analysed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models.

Results

We included 206 patients with a median age of 58 years, 35.9% were female and we found that thrombocytopenia (any grade) occurred in 61.1% of patients. The occurrence of thrombocytopenia during CRT was associated with increased healthcare utilisation and was largest in females who developed grade 4 thrombocytopenia compared to those who did not develop thrombocytopenia (OR=5.9, p<0.001 in females vs OR=4.4, p<0.001 in males). Grade 4 thrombocytopenia was also associated with heightened healthcare utilisation during the adjuvant phase (OR=7.6, p<0.001), and was comparable between sexes.

Conclusions

Severe thrombocytopenia during glioblastoma treatment is linked to increased healthcare utilisation, disproportionally impacting females. These data suggest that prevention and early management of thrombocytopenia can reduce healthcare utilisation in patients with glioblastoma.
Leptospirosis—Improving Healthcare Outcomes for a Neglected Tropical Disease
Authors: Muñoz-Zanzi Claudia , Dreyfus Anou , Limothai Umaporn , Foley Walker , Srisawat Nattachai , Picardeau Mathieu , Haake David A
Published: January 2025

Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease transmitted from animal reservoirs to humans. It is particularly common in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Central and South America during heavy rainfall when bacterial spirochetes are released from soil into areas of flooding. Despite causing >1 million severe cases, 58 900 deaths, and 2.9 million disability-adjusted life-years annually—exceeding established neglected tropical diseases—leptospirosis remains underrecognized as a neglected tropical disease. It affects occupational groups like farmers due to high prevalence in livestock and is spread by rodents in urban settings that have poor sanitation and infrastructure. Although effectively treated with inexpensive antibiotics, neglect of leptospirosis research and development has led to a lack of awareness and unavailability of preventive and diagnostic approaches. This review covers the geographic prevalence, disproportionate impacts on marginalized communities, and opportunities for improving social, economic, and healthcare burdens for patients with leptospirosis.
Law and State in Ottoman Political Thought
Authors: Yılmaz Hüseyin
Published: January 2025

Early modern Ottoman political discourse, as mainly articulated in histories and treaties on statecraft, focused on the question of law as the foundation of state and good governance. Principle components and sources of law, the relationship between religion, tradition, and imperial rulings, as well as its boundaries and authority, were problematized and negotiated among the ruling elite. Seventeenth-century bureaucrat-intellectuals, in particular, developed a law-based reasoning in discussing matters of government, and produced a sophisticated law-centric political vocabulary. This approach both reflected and promoted the idea of state that was defined by the law where proper rulership was confined to upholding the law in government. This chapter discusses ideas and visions of law and state, and how they impacted the structure and functioning of the imperial establishment.
What Is the Causal Revolution in Epidemiology and Why Should You Care?
Authors: Schwartz Sharon , Prins Seth J.
Published: January 2025

Chapter 1 discusses why causation matters, reflecting on the causal concepts of the Risk Factor Era that preceded the Causal Revolution and the debates, dubbed the Epidemiology Wars, that marked its decline. Continuities and discontinuities from this era help frame the description of what the Causal Revolution is all about. The chapter then describes the development of the Causal Revolution within epidemiology. It spends considerable time examining the development of a key assumption within epidemiology, known as the well-defined intervention assumption, which became a focal point of debates around the emergence of this new era. The chapter ends with a review of the guidelines and roadmaps that marked its solidification.
Putting More Faces to the Numbers
Authors: Peifer Douglas Carl
Published: January 2025

This chapter presents three additional individual case studies of desertion from the Wehrmacht in World War II. The three accounts reinforce the argument that motivations, methods, and outcomes of desertion varied greatly, and that efforts to paint the picture of a typical deserter are misguided. The first case examines the case of a Jehovah’s Witness who refused to report for military duty after receiving his conscription orders. The Third Reich made no provision for conscientious objection and treated those who refused to serve as deserters. The second case explores the case of a young soldier characterized as “asocial” by the court-martial judge assigned the case. The narrative shows how National Socialist worldviews and terminology permeated and influenced the German military judicial apparatus during World War II. The final case analyzes how class, psychiatric disposition, and possibly sexual orientation influenced highly personal decisions about desertion.
“Everything Happened in the Brick Row”
Authors: Riccardi Ricky
Published: January 2025

This chapter discusses Louis Armstrong’s life in the “Brick Row” home. It details the poverty-ridden living conditions of the“Brick Row” home where Armstrong would make a lot of memories, regardless of whether they were good or bad. Bullies aside, Armstrong found a lot to embrace in this part of town, including exposure to a completely multiethnic neighborhood. The chapter then notes Armstrong’s experience as he began attending Fisk School in October 1907, a segregated school directly across the street from Brick Row. Armstrong had avoided conflict with the police as best he could to this point in his life, but his first arrest occurred when he was 9 years old.
“Just Wasn’t My Time to Die, Man”
Authors: Riccardi Ricky
Published: January 2025

This chapter explains how Armstrong became accustomed to the many Sicilians and Italians who had come to populate his neighborhood after the families of newly freed slaves had left New Orleans and the South in general. Armstrong had to balance his feeling of pride with a feeling of constant terror born out of the dangerous atmosphere of the honky-tonk. The chapter elaborates on how Armstrong was stabbed, affirming that his days as a pimp were over almost as soon as they started. Armstrong continued the pattern of working odd jobs during the day and playing Matranga’s and anywhere he could at night well into 1918.
Genesis
Authors: Walker Paul
Published: January 2025

Chapter 2 presents what information we have about the origins of both books of The Well-Tempered Clavier. For Book I, we have Bach’s own clean copy, an indication of the great importance he attached to the collection. Surviving evidence, which is scanty, suggests that he created the contents in the relatively short span of a couple of years, probably initially for the teaching of his oldest sons, but soon thereafter submitted it as part of his portfolio to the Leipzig town fathers at the time of his application for the Thomaskantor position. Several mid-life circumstances induced him to put together a second book, for which he drew on a number of earlier compositions placed side-by-side with new works. Unlike Book I, Book II seems never to have received a definitive version; indeed, the evidence suggests that Bach continued to tinker with it until he died.
“That Word in My Bible”
Authors: Gopinath Sumanth
Published: January 2025

Some of the music of the famed country brother duo the Louvin Brothers can be jarring to contemporary music listeners—especially those on US college campuses, which skew to the left. The conservative Baptist fervor of Ira Louvin’s song “Broad Minded” (rec. 1952, rel. 1953) appears in a relatively early recording by the duo. By examining the song’s form, text-melody relationships, and invocation of Black musical practices, this essay argues that what is potentially shocking about the song for contemporary, liberal-minded listeners is as much musical and sonic as it is a matter of linguistics. But musical analysis also allows us to attend to the song’s communicative contradictions: the fire-and-brimstone message of “Broad Minded” is often undermined by its musical setting.
Curious Words and Exaggerated Singing
Authors: Lau Wing
Published: January 2025

When a phrase is delivered in a way that defies its cultural and stylistic expectations, the result can be humorous, witty, or sarcastic. Building on the YouTube channel Wisecrack’s comedic formula, Stephen Rodgers’s phonetic analysis of songs, and Harald Krebs’s works on compositional distortions, this essay explores how sung phrases subvert expected intonation and stress patterns for comedic effect. The compositional distortion in “Ladies in Their Sensitivities” from Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street exposes the protagonists’ immorality. The performative distortion in “Shpadoinkle” from Cannibal! The Musical conveys light-heartedness. In both examples, the contradictions between expected and sung phrases lessen the horror of the plot while foreshadowing the protagonists’ later denouement.
The Musical Language of Freedom and Oppression in Richard Danielpour and Toni Morrison’s Margaret Garner
Authors: Pau Andrew
Published: January 2025

This essay is a study of selected passages from Richard Danielpour’s opera Margaret Garner (2005), which sets a libretto by Toni Morrison based on the same real-life story that inspired her novel Beloved. Margaret Garner was an enslaved person who escaped with her family from Kentucky to Ohio in 1856. When the group was recaptured, Margaret killed her daughter rather than see the child returned to slavery. Throughout the two acts of Margaret Garner, Morrison’s words depicting the harrowing experiences of the enslaved people are set by Danielpour using octatonic collections [0,1] and/or [2,3], thus establishing a connection between these pitch collections and the institution of slavery and the toxic masculinity of the antihero, slaveowner Edward Gaines. By contrast, when Gaines seeks escape in youthful memories or when Margaret sings a dreamy lullaby, all traces of octatonicism are purged in favor of pitches from various diatonic and pentatonic collections. The octatonic and diatonic/pentatonic collections are jarringly opposed in several other pivotal dramatic scenes, with Margaret finally choosing death and freedom (represented by the white-key diatonic collection) over continued life in slavery. The opera’s dramatic themes are thus embedded in its musical fabric.
English Diatonic Music 1887â1955
Authors: Riley Matthew
Published: January 2025

Much English music from the 1890s through the 1950s stands out for its intensive diatonicism: a studied avoidance of chromaticism and an elaboration of the expressive possibilities of purely diatonic writing. This music attempted to convey metaphysical thoughts, elevated feelings, eternity, mysticism, and ecstasy. English diatonic music was a firmly established modern tradition with remarkable consistency of vocabulary across the decades. It was the outcome of a late-Victorian musical reform movement led by Hubert Parry. Parry’s choral ode Blest Pair of Sirens (1887), setting John Milton’s ‘Ode: At a Solemn Musick’, was the most influential composition of the tradition in both style and ethos, and it was still a point of allusion in writings and compositions in the 1950s. Intensive diatonicism can be heard in orchestral and choral-orchestral works; chamber music; solo song; occasional commissions for coronations, festivals, and BBC projects; music for the Anglican liturgy; and opera. Edward Elgar fashioned a personal style out of Parry’s approach, while Ralph Vaughan Williams, Gustav Holst, John Ireland, Herbert Howells, Ivor Gurney, Gerald Finzi, William Walton, and Michael Tippett adopted the idioms of English diatonic music when they wished with technical assurance and an understanding of their meanings and associations. This book is an analytical study of the repertory that focuses on syntactic conventions such as ‘schema’ and ‘topic’. It aims to bring musicological concepts and practice into relationship with informed, sense-making musical experience.
Processional Diatonicism II
Authors: Riley Matthew
Published: January 2025

In the years before World War I, Edward Elgar and Ralph Vaughan Williams took up the new diatonic style of Hubert Parry, developing his ‘processional diatonicism’ in many new directions. In their different ways, each took steps to fulfil what was probably regarded as Parry’s unfinished project. For Elgar processional diatonicism was definitive for his mature style—in fact, his musical ‘persona’—and appears throughout his mature choral and orchestral compositions, whereas for Vaughan Williams it was central only for a while before he developed a distinctive diatonic idiom of his own with a different aesthetic. Both composers treated processional diatonicism in line with Parry’s sensibility as the expression of elevated thoughts and ‘transcendence’. Elgar however was more populist and sometimes overtly nationalist in his treatment of the style than Parry and also at times more concretely religious and even mystical.
Diatonic Pastoral Music, 1914–1925
Authors: Riley Matthew
Published: January 2025

In the 1910s, a new kind of intensively diatonic writing arose among English composers, led by Ralph Vaughan Williams and Herbert Howells, that broke with processional diatonicism. This meant an updated version of pastoral as a musical topic, a new approach to musical form, and a contemplative, at times mystical, sensibility, drawing on the techniques and aesthetics of French modernism (harmonic stasis, parallel root-position triads, modality, and a taste for harmonic sonority over harmonic function) and the aesthetic and melodic contours of plainchant. The new diatonic pastoral style amounted to an attempt to make musical experience anew within deliberately imposed restraints, resulting in meditative states that sometimes led to musical ecstasy. For Vaughan Williams, diatonic pastoral style tended to give way to apocalyptic musical imagery. On this understanding, intensively diatonic pastoral music was a phenomenon that reigned for just a brief period of little more than a decade and ended by 1925.
Stories as Side Dishes
Authors: Bhidé Amar
Published: January 2025

This chapter elaborates on the function and form of entrepreneurial stories. While entrepreneurial proposals and plans do not constitute stories, they can indirectly reduce doubts about the prospects of entrepreneurial initiatives. Jerome Bruner’s austere definition of stories produced doubts about their centrality in entrepreneurial proposals and plans. The chapter then explains how promoters often start presentations to investors with human-interest stories about their origin, containing life histories and the reasons for starting their ventures. It also looks into the impact of recovery stories as those narratives can help attract and establish personas of determination, resilience, doggedness, and resourcefulness.
The Return of European National Borders
Authors: Alden Edward , Trautman Laurie
Published: January 2025

Europe is one of the few regions in the world that has codified the freedom of movement between member states as a right for its citizens. Yet in the early months of the pandemic, the response of a “borderless Europe” closely resembled that of other sovereign states around the world, upending the European way of life and severing employment and family connections. This chapter outlines the use of border restrictions not just during Covid, but also during the migrant surge in 2015 and 2016, both of which challenged foundational European principles. It takes a deep dive into the resurrection of border controls along the border of Norway and Sweden, where passport-free travel had been embraced since 1952. Despite the initial breakdown in cooperation, most European countries eased their border restrictions more quickly than the United States, Canada, and Asia did, eventually developing a common approach to controlling travel.
The Middle Phase of Treatment
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A.
Published: January 2025

This chapter helps readers to navigate the launching of the helping process now that the treatment goals have been created and developed. It helps readers answer the question of “Now what?” after they have completed the assessment and are now expected “to do something” to help their clients reach their goals. The authors present four steps to this middle phase of treatment: identifying patterns of thought or behavior that may impact the issue being; link the patterns to the presenting problem, issue, or concern; explain how the pattern may have developed and its purpose; and help the client to develop new patterns.
Killing the Messiah
Authors: Andrade Nathanael J.
Published: January 2025

Long ago, on a spring morning in Jerusalem, Pontius Pilate passed judgment on a mysterious preacher. Jesus of Nazareth was disfigured by scourges and nailed to a cross shortly after. He died in agony. The effects of this verdict have reverberated throughout the world. They have shaped two millennia of history. Yet the trial of Jesus remains shrouded in mystery even today. The New Testament Gospels are unclear about what charges Pilate judged. They also portray Pontius Pilate as embracing Jesus’ innocence before having him killed anyway. We are left with more questions than answers. Why did Pontius Pilate condemn a man he believed innocent? What was Jesus’ crime? How should we understand Pilate’s role in Jesus’ execution? What was Pilate’s path to crucifixion? Killing the Messiah: The Trial and Crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth addresses these questions.
Pilate’s Path, Jesus’ Trial
Authors: Andrade Nathanael J.
Published: January 2025

Long ago, on a spring morning in Jerusalem, Pontius Pilate judged Jesus of Nazareth. He had him scourged until the bones were visible through the torn, bloody flesh of his back. He had his lacerated body affixed to a cross shortly after. Jesus died in agony and humiliation. He was killed reportedly between two other seditionists. The titulus on his cross read “King of the Jews.” These features of Jesus’ trial and death inspire nearly universal agreement. Everything else is uncertain. In the Gospel narratives, Pilate is committed to Jesus’ innocence but executes him to indulge the trial’s petitioners and audience. The Gospels generally say that Jesus was acquitted by Pilate but tortured and sent to his death anyway. Their portrayals defy plausibility. Pilate surely had legal justification for having Jesus executed as a criminal. But what was it? What was Pilate’s path to crucifixion?
Matrix Representation of Groups
Authors: Bernath Peter F.
Published: January 2025

This chapter begins with a mathematical review of matrices and vectors. The representation of symmetry operators by matrices is presented. The effect of symmetry operators on basis functions is demonstrated. Matrix representations of groups are defined, and equivalent, reducible and irreducible representations given. The Great Orthogonality Theorem for the matrix representation of groups is introduced. Characters of matrices are presented along with character tables for the main point groups.
Unmasked
Authors: Duffin Ross W.
Published: January 2025

The 1613 marriage of Princess Elizabeth of England to Frederick, Count Palatine, was one of the most spectacular events of King James’s court, lavishly celebrated with banquets, tournaments, a mock sea battle, fireworks, and most notably, with masques—extravagant entertainments with elaborate sets, costumes, much dancing, and songs. Three masques have long been associated with the celebrations, but sadly, although we have the lyrics, music survives for only one song. One other song can be identified as a close partner to an existing song by the same poet/composer, Thomas Campion. Using the clue of that contrafaction, music has been found for all of the songs in all three of those masques, and a little-known fourth masque for the same occasion, in French, has been reconstructed. This book presents the complete dialogue and descriptions from each masque, along with reconstructed songs and dances, enabling a fuller understanding of what the Jacobean court audience experienced at the events. Fully staged performances of these icons of Jacobean culture are also made possible for the first time.
The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray’s Inn (with Francis Beaumont)
Authors: Duffin Ross W.
Published: January 2025

With dialogue and lyrics by Francis Beaumont, The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray’s Inn was presented in the Banqueting House at Whitehall Palace on the Saturday following the Palatine wedding (20 February), after being delayed from Tuesday. It was printed in quarto in 1613, but no music survives for its song lyrics. Based on the clue of Campion’s contrafact song for The Lords’ Masque, the songs in Beaumont’s masque have been reconstructed as contrafacta of existing songs, mostly by composers who were at court during the wedding week, like Thomas Campion, John Dowland, and Robert Jones. The dances for the masque, probably by John Coprario, can be identified from the Inns of Court dance manuscript (BL 10444/5) and reconstructed from their appearance in a 1617 ensemble print by the expatriate violinist William Brade. The complete masque text is included along with the reconstructed songs and dances.
Metaphysics and Its Distinctive Problem
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste
Published: January 2025

This chapter characterizes metaphysics as a wholly critical discipline whose chief objective is an account of what the world is and what it comprises. Such metaphysics proceeds via the question of what a thing—of any category—is. If metaphysics is critical, if it is to provide understanding, rather than merely knowledge, any account it provides must itself be scrutinized and evaluated. This leads to a distinctive problem for the sort of wholly critical metaphysics pursued herein, viz., providing an apt account of what a thing is while assuming nothing about the world, all this. In light of this distinctive problem, the chapter critiques alternative approaches to metaphysics in contemporary discussions. It concludes that these traditional approaches neither undermine the ambitious discipline pursued in the present work nor contribute to resolving its distinctive problem. This makes pressing the need for a novel methodology in metaphysics.
Radical Ontology and Its Principles
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste
Published: January 2025

This chapter shows how the preceding account of a thing illuminates the structure in the world. In particular, it makes clear that there are necessary connections among things in themselves and reveals the apt notion of fundamentality. The chapter then presents an account of what the world is. The world is not a thing per se; it is not one thing itself, just the plurality of all things. The main value of wholly critical metaphysics is the theoretical framework for all inquiry that it provides. Via this framework, this account of the world has ever so many applications, some of which are demonstrated. The chapter concludes by considering the means and extent of inquiry; how, in general, well-founded inquiry is to proceed. These considerations are useful in subsequent chapters, in the effort to understand the extent of the world and the irrefragable inconstancy and constancy herein.
Absolute Becoming and the Contingency in the World
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste
Published: January 2025

New applications of prior arguments show that there are no moments subsequent to this one, now. This moment is the only one that exists. Of course, there is more to the structure in temporal reality than a single moment, for one’s experience of the world is not momentary. An account of what underlies this experience is given in terms of time itself and of absolute becoming, whereby moments come into being simpliciter. Reflecting on this continuous experience indicates there could be more to the world. What more there could be, however, differs from what is or has been. Presumably, what is to be includes contingency, an openness such that incompatible alternatives are possible. Contingency and, hence, incompatible alternatives are not present at any moment; there is no synchronic possibility, that is, the possibility of a thing being otherwise than it is at a moment at that very moment.
The God Who Did Wrong
Authors: Drake H. A.
Published: January 2025

Monotheism, the belief in one God, is now the cornerstone of Jewish, Christian, and Muslim belief. But polytheism, the belief in many gods, prevailed for a much longer period of time, and is still the basis of major world religions. The advantages of monotheism are not immediately apparent. Polytheism does a much better job of explaining why bad things happen to good people, and its gods are much easier to understand and relate to. Basically, they are just like humans, except for being immortal and far more powerful. For hundreds of years attempts to introduce monotheism and religious change completely failed. Among the Iranian peoples, a powerful new understanding now called dualism was successfully introduced by the prophet Zarathustra, while a line of charismatic prophets helped the ancient Hebrews understand the enormity of their commitment to a single, all-powerful Creator.
India's Near East
Authors: Paliwal Avinash
Published: January 2025

India’s near east encompasses Bangladesh, Myanmar and the Indian states of the “Northeast”—Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. Celebrated as a theatre of geo-economic connectivity typified by India’s “Act East” policy, the region is key not only to India’s great-power rivalry with China, which first boiled over in the 1962 war, but to the idea(s) of India itself. It is also one of the most intricately partitioned lands anywhere on Earth. Rent by communal and class violence, the region has birthed extreme forms of religious and ethnic nationalisms and communist movements. The Indian state’s survival instinct and pursuit of regional hegemony have only accentuated such extremes. This book scripts a new history of India’s eastward-looking diplomacy and statecraft. Narrated against the backdrop of separatist resistance within India’s own northeastern states, as well as rivalry with Beijing and Islamabad in Yangon and Dhaka, it offers a simple but compelling argument. The aspirations of “Act East” mask an uncomfortable truth: India privileges political stability over economic opportunity in this region. In his chronicle of a state’s struggle to overcome war, displacement and interventionism, Avinash Paliwal lays bare the limits of independent India’s influence in its near east.
Summary of ‘An aphasiologist has a stroke’ *
Authors: Goldfarb R.
Published: January 2025

This chapter presents a series of 12 articles reflecting different types of stroke. Article 1 discusses a cognitive neuropsychologist’s right anterior cortical stroke. Article 2 explores a general practitioner’s right hemisphere stroke. Article 3 narrates a nurse’s experience following a left frontal stroke, whereas Article 4 reflects on a late professor and classical pianist’s experience with a right parietal stroke. Article 5 describes a radiologist’s encounter with an acute right hemisphere stroke. Article 6 provides insight into a neuropsychologist’s life after a ruptured left frontal arteriovenous malformation that occurred at the age of 19 years. Article 7 details a psychiatrist’s episode of transient global amnesia. Article 8 recounts a nephrologist who suffered a cerebellar infarct. Article 9 examines an aphasiologist’s stroke affecting the brainstem. Article 10 reports on a cardiologist’s embolic stroke involving the cerebellum. Article 11 outlines the consequences of a neuroscientist’s brainstem infarct. Finally, Article 12 shares a nurse’s perspective on a right parietal lobe stroke.
Summary of ‘Neurologist faces his Alzheimer diagnosis, determined to lessen stigma surrounding the disease [Interview of Dr Gibbs by Ms Rubin]’ *
Authors: Rubin R.
Published: January 2025

This chapter brings together 17 narratives from those having to deal with dementia. Article 1 features a professor recounting early Alzheimer's symptoms. Article 2 discusses a GP's Alzheimer's and heart problems. Articles 3 and 4 include a neurologist's observations and reflections related to his Alzheimer's Disease. Articles 5 and 6 describe a neurologist's Parkinson's Disease (PD). Article 7 details a professor's fluctuating Parkinson's symptoms, whilst Article 8 shares a surgeon's PD experiences and effective treatment. Articles 9 and 10 see a doctor reflecting on early PD symptoms and patient-inspired insights. Article 11 provides a physician's insights on his PD's daily life impact. Article 12 by a physician, discusses PD, Lewy Body Dementia, and its effect on his identity. Article 13 narrates a neurologist's Lewy Body Dementia encounter. Articles 14 and 15 present a hepatologist's PD and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Articles 16 and 17 discuss the experiences with Primary Progressive Aphasia of a scientist and a physician respectively.
Summary of ‘Visiting the sadness’ *
Authors: Beier M.
Published: January 2025

This chapter compiles six articles that provide a window into the varied experiences of those with multiple sclerosis (MS). Article 1 discusses a young postgraduate student in psychology grappling with the progressive form of MS, a variant less common than the typical relapsing–remitting type. Article 2 tells the story of a doctor who works as both an oncologist and a haematologist, and whose long history with MS intersects poignantly with personal loss. Article 3 is about a young lady who has a master’s in public health and works in a university setting. She describes the unique challenges in facing MS as a Pakistani-American, providing insights into the challenges of having a condition more prevalent in Western countries. Article 4 reveals how an obstetrician and gynaecologist navigates her professional duties while managing MS symptoms. Article 5 presents a physician’s account of living with MS and the complexities of treatment. Finally, Article 6 features a medical researcher’s reflections on the profound impact of good communication, or the lack thereof, in the journey with MS.
The ‘Jupiterian’ Risk in Democratic Representation
Authors: Diehl Paula
Published: January 2025

When political representatives communicate, they use their bodies. They perform institutional and social roles, lifestyles, social and political identities. Such performances of representation stage visions of the political and suggest a specific relationship between the representative and the represented. Following Claude Lefort, the democratic mise en scène of the political is characterized by the symbolization of the empty place of power and cannot tolerate embodiment. However, while Lefort’s normative account sheds light on the challenges of performing democracy, it fails to provide criteria for examining body performances of democratic representation: how can the body of political representatives symbolize democracy without embodying power, the people, and the state? What follows from the idea of the empty place of power for the examination of the body performances of political representatives? The chapter addresses these questions by examining the case of Emmanuel Macron.
Introduction
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: January 2025

This chapter introduces characteristics of scandals and crises, as well as characteristics of the social license. A scandal refers to an unexpected, publicly known, and harmful event that has high levels of initial uncertainty, interferes with the normal operation of an organization, and generates widespread, intuitive, and negative perceptions externally. A scandal can develop into a crisis, where a crisis refers to a fundamental threat to the organization, which is often characterized by ambiguity of cause, effect, and means of resolution. Recovery after a crisis refers to return to a state of regained social license to operate. The social license represents stakeholders’ acceptance of organizational activities. Conformance refers to meeting and potentially exceeding societal and other informal norms and obligations. Conformance characterizes voluntary actions that constitute a response to social and normative expectations.
Violating the Social License
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: January 2025

This chapter introduces the characteristics of scandals and crises, as well as those of the social license. A scandal refers to an unexpected, publicly known, and harmful event that has high levels of initial uncertainty, interferes with the normal operation of an organization, and generates widespread, intuitive, and negative perceptions externally. A scandal can develop into a crisis, where there is a fundamental threat to the organization, often characterized by an ambiguity of cause, effect, and means of resolution. Recovery after a crisis refers to the return to a state where the social license can operate. The social license represents stakeholders’ acceptance of the activities of an organization. Conformance refers to a position where societal and other informal norms and obligations are met and potentially exceeded. Conformance is characterized by voluntary actions that constitute a response to social and normative expectations.
University Rotuli of Supplication before Submission to the Pope
Authors: Courtenay William J.
Published: January 2025

This chapter discusses supplication rotuli, which are rolls containing petitions to the pope by masters at Paris and other universities asking for financial support in the form of a benefice. The rolls that are known are those that were recorded in the Registers of Supplication in the Vatican Archives. Meanwhile, those from the University of Paris has been the principal source for knowledge of such rotuli. The chapter begins by considering the steps in the process of submitting a rotulus to the pope, using Paris as the example. It then looks at a few pre-submission drafts of rolls from the University of Cambridge in 1371, 1390, and 1399. The chapter also presents an edition of the draft rotulus prepared by the Picard nation in the faculty of arts at the University of Paris in 1414.
Protest Song, Tradition, and the Performativity of Resistance in the Palestinian National Movement
Authors: McDonald David A.
Published: January 2025

This chapter critically investigates the Palestinian crisis through an ethnographic analysis of music and musicians, protest songs, and other expressive cultural practices. Based on this analysis, a broadly construed theorization of political protest song is badly needed not only to advance our thinking on the dynamics of music performance and political engagement but also to further our understanding of the larger affective, agential, group-forming capacities of musical thought and behavior. Drawing insight from the lives and experiences of several Palestinian artists and activists, the chapter discusses the prosocial aspects of Palestinian protest songs, focusing on the myriad ways in which genre, affect, and performance provide compelling resources for the embodiment of transgressive social action and larger political solidarities.
Introduction: Rethinking Protest Music
Authors: Drott Eric , Manabe Noriko
Published: January 2025

This introductory chapter argues for a reconsideration of protest music, expanding its scope beyond songs with explicit political lyrics. It situates the recent proliferation of protest music studies within the intensification of global social movements since 2009 and disciplinary shifts in music and social movement studies. Moving beyond a narrow focus on protest music’s communicative functions, the authors propose examining its affective force, pragmatic effects, and organizational role in collective action as well. The introduction outlines the Handbook’s key themes—issues of definition, historical memory, voice, social organization, spaces of protest, and intertextuality—and calls for cross-disciplinary dialogue to generate new insights into the complex ways music and sound intersect with activism. That protest music continually adapts to changing political struggles also means that efforts to define it will necessarily be provisional, requiring that the study of protest music be as open-ended and flexible as its object.
The Problems of Polysemy
Authors: Borg Emma
Published: January 2025

A polysemous word has multiple, related senses; for example ‘lamb’ meaning the animal and the meat, ‘door’ meaning the aperture and the physical entity blocking the aperture, and so on. Polysemy is widespread throughout natural language—indeed for any term, if it is not already polysemous, it seems we can imagine it becoming so. Yet, despite its apparent ubiquity, polysemy is hard to define and hard to theoretically model. These difficulties, however, have not stopped polysemy from playing a central role in arguments for so-called ‘semantic internalism’ (the idea that linguistic meaning should be specified in non-world-involving terms). This chapter investigates the phenomenon of polysemy and the extent to which it provides an argument for semantic internalism. I individuate four different kinds of approach to polysemy and conclude by suggesting that it is perhaps harder to get an argument for semantic internalism from polysemy than is sometimes supposed.
Future Displacement and Modality
Authors: Cariani Fabrizio
Published: January 2025

Among the most remarkable features of human language is that it offers speakers the ability to represent situations that go beyond the ‘here and now’ of any one conversational situation. Following Hockett, this is called ‘displacement’. This chapter focuses specifically on temporal displacement. An example of temporal displacement, but not the only such example, is tense. I examine with particular attention the relationship between tense and modality. After running through standard arguments for ascribing to will some element of modality, we show this in detail by developing an analysis of will on which it operates at this dual level. In conclusion, the thesis emerges that tense and modality are best not understood as incompatible categories.
Places That Talk— and Listen
Authors: Mannheim Bruce
Published: January 2025

The chapter offers an integrated account of Quechua speakers de communidad, who share substance with the places in which they were born, with other places, and with their domestic animals. The animals speak in grunts, interpreted conventionally. In order to understand these places, one must work from auguries or from a session mediated by a ritual specialist, a misayuq, “keeper of the table.” Pre-Columbian Andean polities treated key ritual places—mountains, rivers, and pilgrimage sites—as places that spoke, as oracles, and consulted oracular interpreters. In short, “Quechua” as a speech community is not coterminous with Runa simi, “human language,” nor with Quechua as a linguistic community. While on one dimension, Quechua as a linguistic community breaks down ritually, on a second dimension, Quechua as a speech community breaks down socially and politically.
Language, Nahua Life-Cycle Rituals, and Indigenous Identity
Authors: de la Cruz Abelardo
Published: January 2025

Life-cycle rituals have been studied by anthropologists in a variety of contexts. This chapter, based on my research in my own community as an Indigenous anthropologist and as a native speaker of Nahuatl, presents a distinctive and innovative perspective on these rituals: that of Nahua communities whose members have negotiated the divide between received Nahua ritual protocols designated as el costumbre, “custom,” and the demands of Native catechists influenced by liberation theology movements of the 1970s in Latin America. The chapter focuses on the oral performances and descriptions of several ceremonies among the Nahua of the Huasteca region in Mexico, including the ritual bathing of infants, healing rituals, and protocols for addressing the continuous presence of dead parents in a household, as reported by their relatives.
Ritual Language in West Africa
Authors: Sweet Nikolas
Published: January 2025

Drawing on a variety of anthropological analyses of ritual language in West Africa, this chapter examines assumptions of participants and participation in contemporary and historical work. While much scholarship has made implicit assumptions about the boundaries of ritual participation, critically examining these issues highlights the creative use of ritual language as a force for social action. This chapter explores participation through several dimensions including: 1) performance, 2) expanded participation across time and space; 3) factions and groups; 4) multimodal interaction; and 5) and subjectivity.
The Anthropology of Ritual Language
Authors: Tavárez David
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines classic and current anthropological and social science approaches to ritualized activities and ritual language. As an introduction to the topic, it surveys early anthropological proposals by Boas, Durkheim, and Malinowski. It then turns to the influential work of Turner, Tambiah, and Rappaport before introducing a concise survey of current debates and methods. It also includes a discussion of recent research on the five major topical areas that provide a structure for the chapters in this volume, and it also situates the handbook’s chapters within classic and emerging paradigms.
Indigenous Territoriality and the Mediation of Space and Scale in Ritual Language
Authors: Liffman Paul
Published: January 2025

For Wixaritari (Huichol people) the visionary recognition (nierika) and naming of ancestral emergence-places (kakaiyarita) is central to the process of claiming territory (kiekari) not only where they live in the Sierra Madre Occidental, but throughout their historical sphere of exchange relationships in western and north-central Mexico. This has resulted in the appearance of homonymous toponyms in multiple sites across considerable distances. In some cases, Wixarika ceremonial experts have had to deliberate which site out of several is eligible for government cultural heritage protection for Indigenous sacred places. Making ritual processes part of wider territorial claims requires translating shamans’ narrations of their dialogs with ancestral figures in the landscape, first from esoteric ritual registers into standard Wixarika and then into Spanish. This serial interpretation makes shamanistic identifications of place legible and therefore politically salient with broader publics on regional, national, and global scales: a process of semiotic mediation and interpretive lamination.
Language, Worldview, and Rituals of Daily Social Interaction
Authors: O’Neill Sean
Published: January 2025

Worldview, as a trope, has long been invoked by anthropologists as a way of addressing the broad scope of wisdom (and related ideologies) that most cultures transmit. In ethnographic terms, there are many opportunities for witnessing the use of language as an instrument for transmitting such compelling “visions of the world,” as can be observed both in terms of small-scale rituals, such as private prayers or, alternatively, as large-scale public rites, such as the classic world renewal cycles found in many cultures. This chapter examines two apparently disparate cases, starting with the classic “world renewal ceremonies” of Northwest California as a canonical case of a redemptive ritual aimed at restoring justice, redressing wrongdoing, and restoring a sense of balance. The second case examines the small-scale rites that play out on an everyday basis, as familiar scripts and conversations twists that ultimately support racism, often as micro-aggressions.
Scalar Poetics in Ritual Language
Authors: Harr Adam
Published: January 2025

Ritual is often theorized as mediating between different scales of space, time, and sociality. Ritual performances may be positioned between sacred and profane orders of time, between collective and individual intentions, between public acts and private beliefs, between global and local communities, or between apparently durable, expansive texts and ephemeral, localized contexts. Scholars have pointed out that these kinds of scalar distinctions are not ontologically prior to interaction but are produced through social interaction. This chapter examines the kinds of scalar processes that are motivated by the poetic qualities of ritual registers of language, with a focus on the scalar affordances of the intensified semantic, grammatical, and pragmatic parallelisms that often characterize ritual languages. Illustrations of scalar poetics are drawn from a variety of settings in Indonesia.
Language and Ritual Healing
Authors: Knowlton Timothy W.
Published: January 2025

Language often plays an indispensable role in ritual healing practices, where it is characterized by distinctive prosodic, grammatical, and discursive resources. Questions of how language marks and contributes to the therapeutic efficacy of ritual healing practices have invited numerous claims over the decades, from symbolist, semiotic, performative, and phenomenological perspectives. This chapter explores those features of ritual language that are commonly employed in ritual healing, with special attention to the relative importance of semantic content or structural form as they relate to these claims concerning therapeutic efficacy. Case studies from around the world are examined, with special emphasis on those from the Indigenous Americas.
Language, Ritual, and Political Legitimation in Colonial Guatemala
Authors: Romero Sergio
Published: January 2025

This chapter considers power relations as a key factor in the persistence of pre-Hispanic accession rituals in the first five decades after the Spanish invasion of highland Guatemala in 1523. In these decades a “peaceful conquest” model was implemented under the inspiration of Friar Bartolomé de las Casas and his Dominican companions. Traditional Maya accession rituals based on cosmological principles continued to be enacted for decades after the first conversions among Maya nobles. In this cross-linguistic comparative case study (Kaqchikel, K’iche’, Q’eqchi’), I argue for power as a key determinant constraining the ways in which rituals signify and act in colonial contexts.