bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Configuration Method of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Wind Farm
Authors: Jiang Run Zhou , Lin Zhen Yu , Teng Huan
Published: August 2013

According to the demand of wind farm power fluctuations stabilize and the characteristics of hybrid energy storage system. Taking vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) and supercapacitor (SC) as research object, a hybrid energy storage system optimal configuration model is builted. Combined with expert systems and improved genetic algorithm proposed a hybrid energy storage system to optimize the allocation method. The method first established desire output curve of the wind farm based on grid energy saving efficiency and static voltage stability indicators, then introduce coordinate control strategy based on expert system to improved genetic algorithm to get the result of optimal configuration and verify the correctness of this model and method. Finally, analysis the performance of VRB and SC in a typical days wind farm output situation, verify the conclusions of experts coordinated control strategy can extend the vanadium battery life.
Probabilistic Available Transfer Capability Calculation of Wind Farm Incorporated Power System
Authors: Li Zhong Cheng , Zhang Bu Han , Ge Ye Bin , Chen Yi , Miao Xiao Gang , Zhang Li Dong , Wu Jun Li , Bie Pei
Published: August 2013

The paper mainly studies the available transfer capability of wind farm incorporated power system, and proposes an on-line calculating method considering many uncertain factors. First based on continuation power flow, an improved algorithm of the key constraint by linear prediction is proposed so as to obtain deterministic ATC with the expansion power flow equation. Then Monte Carlo simulation is used which takes many uncertain factors into considerations, such as wind speed, the random fault of generators and lines, the fluctuation of generators and load, etc. With hierarchical clustering algorithm, the samples with the same key constraint can be divided into one category without repeatedly predicting key constraint, so the probabilistic ATC in all kinds of conditions can be got rapidly and precisely. Finally a case study demonstrates the validity and superiority of method proposed in this paper. The research could be a valuable reference to power market operations and wind farm planning.
Reliability Assessment of Power Generation and Transmission System Considering Wind Farm Based on Monte-Carlo Methods
Authors: Zhang Jian Hua , Wang Xin Wei , Jiang Cheng
Published: August 2013

According to the weibull distribution of the wind speed, this research establishes the probability outrage model of the wind generator. Besides, this paper establishes a three-state Markov reliability model of the wind generator taking the drop running state into account. And the load model is built considering the randomness of the prediction error. This paper takes the improved IEEE RTS79 system for example, the reliability index of loss of load probability and loss of load expectation are calculated. Because the wind turbine derating state and load error are taken consideration, the proposed model is more accurate and the assessment results have high practical significance.
Research on the Compensation Coefficients of the Improved MPPT Control Based on Reduction of Tracking Range
Authors: Zhang Xiao Lian , Yin Ming Hui , Zhou Lian Jun , Zou Yun
Published: August 2013

The improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control based on the reduction of tracking range could reduce the tracking distance of wind turbine effectively, and improve the tracking efficiency. In this study, the relationship between the compensation coefficient of the improved MPPT control and several factors was investigated. Based on simulations of the simplified wind turbine model, wind conditions, air density and wind turbine parameters were used in the studies to investigate the relationship between the optimum compensation coefficients and these corresponding conditions. It can be indicated that in the fact, compensation coefficient is majorly determined by the tracking targets of MPPT and the dynamic performance of wind turbines that determined by the conditions mentioned above. The results also provide guidance for further studies in this area.
Research on Wind Turbine Control System Based on CAN Bus
Authors: Wang Xiang Ming , Zhang Ming Liang
Published: August 2013

Renewable energy is the development tendency in the future. Its not only save energy but also protect the environment. And the wind power generation has more competitive potential compared with other renewable energy, so it develops so quickly. According to the bad environment of the wind farms, wind turbines control system requires multipoint, high speed and real-time communication. This paper puts forward a kind of wind turbines control system based on the CAN bus architecture and realizes the real-time communication and decentralized control between the master control system and submodule. This paper analyses the system structure, the hardware composition of control module, the expansion of CAN bus, the communication mechanism in master-slave module.
Study of Reactive Power Compensation for Improvement of Low-Voltage-Ride-Through Capability of Wind Farm
Authors: Hsu Chia Yu , Tseng Ta Hsiu , Huang Pei Hwa
Published: August 2013

The main purpose of this paper is to study the enhancement of the Low-Voltage-Ride-Through (LVRT) capability of the wind farm with the installment of the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and the Static Var Compensator (SVC). With more penetration of wind energy from on-shore and off-shore wind farms, utilities have been starting to set up the regulation requiring the wind turbine generators to remain connected to the grid when a fault takes place in the system which is referred to as Low-Voltage-Ride-Through (LVRT). A wind farm composed with doubly fed induction generators is used as the study system. Both the STATCOM and the SVC are utilized as the devices for enhancing the LVRT capability of the wind farm. The results are demonstrated for comparing the performance of the two devices in the improvement of voltage dynamic characteristics of the study system.
Preparation of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Nano-Templates on Polycrystalline Silicon Substrates
Authors: Ma Guo Feng , Zhang Hong Ling , Fu Hong Bo , Sun Li Na , He Chun Lin
Published: August 2013

The anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates on polycrystalline silicon substrate are studied for growth of ordered nano-dot arrays in order to fabricate the porous silicon layers. The AAO templates on polycrystalline silicon substrate with pores of average diameter 50nm were successfully prepared by one-step anodization of high pure aluminum layer deposited on polycrystalline silicon in oxalic acid solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that alumina nano-pore arrays were nicely constructed with smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters.
The Application of Energy Storage System in Wind Power Integration
Authors: Liu Qi Hui , Wang Xiao Ming , Li Zhi Yan
Published: August 2013

Briefly introduces the development trend of wind power and the various energy storage technologies in wind power system, include their principles, advantages, disadvantages and development prospects. Challenges for large-scale wind power integration are summarized. With regard to the problems in power quality, stability, economic, low voltage ride-through (LVRT) ability induced by the grid integration of wind power, the recent progress of solutions based on the energy storage technology is discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of various schemes are analyzed. Based on the existing research achievements and the characteristics of the energy storage technology, some suggestions have been put forward on assure the stability of the electric power grid and power supply quality.
Performance Research on Tension Leg Platform of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Gao Yue Wen , Li Chun , Cheng Xin
Published: August 2013

Platform structure is the basic guarantee for safety operation of offshore wind turbine. Based on the boundary element method and combined with multi-body dynamics, analyzing motion response and wave force mechanism to the platform structure, and obtained the dynamic response and the wave force change of the platform structures in time domain, last analyzes the motion response and wave force change of tension leg platform in surge, sway and heave also roll, pitch and yaw direction. The results show that the maximum response of sway and the minimum response of surge have the same direction, it is the same with the maximum response of pitch and the minimum response of roll ; Motion responses of heave and yaw change not as acutely as other four directions ; In time-domain variation range, motion response of surge, heave and pitch change acutely, while motion responses of sway, roll and yaw change slightly. Wave force focus mostly in heave and pitch direction. The results is high reference value on offshore tension leg platform structural design and optimization.
Application of Portfolio Theory Based on CVaR in Determining Optimal Spinning Reserve with Consideration of Load and Wind Power Uncertainties
Authors: Wu Jun Li , Zhang Bu Han , Xiao Zhen Yin , Wang Kui
Published: August 2013

With the increased installed capacity of wind power in power system, determining optimal spinning reserve capacity is one of the most important problems in operation of electricity power system. CVaR (conditional value at risk) is introduced to calculate the risk of the cost associated with load shed and abandoning wind power with the consideration of load and wind power prediction uncertainties. Portfolio theory based on CVaR is used to build the Cost-CVaR model. Efficient frontier, which can support the system operators (SO) with the decision of optimal spinning reserve, can be obtained by solving the Cost-CVaR model. The analysis of RTS example can demonstrate the usefulness and efficiency of the model.
Impact of Large-Scale Integrated Wind Farms on the Voltage Stability of Regional Power System
Authors: He Qian , Xu Zhen Yu , Qiao Zhen , Zhang Xu
Published: August 2013

In this paper, a variable speed wind turbine model based on doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) and a section of a practical power grid model to be studied are implemented in DIgSILENT / PowerFactory. The static voltage stability and the transient voltage stability of the regional power grid with high wind power penetration will be studied. Moreover, this paper will focus on the impact of static var compensator (SVC) on both steady state voltage stability and transient voltage stability.
Reserve Capacity Optimization of the Regional Power System with Wind Farms
Authors: Sheng Si Qing , Tan Xiao Lin , Fan Lin Tao
Published: August 2013

For the reserve capacity optimization problem of regional power system with wind farms, a joint optimization model was establishes which can effectively reduce the reserve capacity requirements of the regional power system with wind farms. This model was based on chance constrained programming method ,and quantified the processes that subsystems without wind farms providing reserve capacity support to subsystem with wind farms, each subsystem was conditioned by the level of security and stability, and the security constraints of regional system were also comprehensively considered. Monte-Carlo stochastic simulation model of genetic algorithm was used to solve the model. The model was tested by an example, and the results achieved the expected, which shows the model has a high reference value for the reserve capacity optimization of the power system with wind farms.
Wavelet-ARMA Model Revised by Neural Network to Predict Wind Power
Authors: Jin Bing Jie , Zhang Bu Han , Deng Chang Hong , Wu Jun Li
Published: August 2013

Research of wind power prediction has great significance for power balance and economic operation. This paper combined the ARMA model and the neural network model to establish a wavelet-ARMA model revised by neural network. After decomposing the historical wind power data by wavelet analysis, the high frequency components and low frequency components were separately predicted by ARMA. The reconstructed predictive outcomes were revised by BP neural network. To improve the accuracy, the predictive values of predictive moments were added to the BP neural network. This paper gave a 96 points rolling prediction for a single wind turbine. The accuracy of the results is 84.17%, and the pass rate is 87.50%. Compared to the single predictive methods, they are increased by 2%-4% and 3%-9% respectively in combination predictive model.
Research of the Model and MPPT Algorithm of Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Jun Li , Que Yan Hong , Feng Dong Ying , Chen Wei
Published: August 2013

According to the mathematic model of solar cells, builds its general simulation model based on the S-function designed under the Matlab/Simulink environment. Presents the incremental conductance algorithm based on the optimal gradient to simulate and verify the theories about the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic power generation. Give the in-depth contrast analysis on the power, output voltage characteristics of photovoltaic power generation, which lays a solid foundation for engineering practice.
A Conceptual Study on Helium-Cooled Solid Breeder Blanket for Prototype CH DEMO
Authors: Li Jun Heng , Huang Rong Hua , Cao Hao Ran
Published: August 2013

A conceptual design of tritium-breeder blanket for prototype DEMO is introduced. In this concept, Li4SiO4 pebbles are chosen as tritium-breeder material and Be for neutron multiplication. To confirm the thermal effectiveness,a CFD code FLUENT is used for the calculation. The result indicated that, the thermal effectiveness of the concept is acceptable.
Design and Numerical Analysis of Oil-Cooled Cooler of Liquid Lead-Bismuth Loop
Authors: Huang Shan Qing , Huang Qun Ying , Gao Sheng , Jiang Zhi Zhong , Sa Rong Yuan
Published: August 2013

Since heat exchanger is an important device that can control temperature distribution of the liquid Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) loop, its proper design makes sure investigations on key technologies of Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System (ADS) can be carried out smoothly. Based on heat transfer theory, a design proposal was presented for the cooler of the multi-functional forced convection LBE loop KYLIN-II that is being developed by FDS team. The cooler is a double-pipe countercurrent heat exchanger cooled by heat transfer oil YD-350L. Numerical analysis based on the commercial software ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 was also performed to validate that design proposal in design case and two different operation cases. Theoretical design parameters agreed well with those of the numerical simulation. Deviations of some important parameters (i.e. temperatures of fluids and overall heat transfer coefficient of the cooler) between theoretical values and numerical simulation results were under 2%. The bulk temperature and film temperature of the oil were lower than 305 °C and 360 °C respectively, which were acceptable for heat transfer oil. All these results indicated that the design proposal in the paper was reasonable and could be applied to the design of KYLIN-II LBE loop.
Technology Selection for Emergency Radioactive Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Li Jun Feng , Wang Jian Long
Published: August 2013

Radioactive wastewater on accident cases is characterized by large quantity and complex quality, so the treatment process must be able to meet the request of large quantity, low energy consumption and mobile processing. The quantity and quality of radioactive wastewater under core melt accident case was estimated. The different characteristics of the radioactive waste treatment technology were compared. The practicable technologies and processes for emergency treatment of radioactive waste was analyzed. The recommended flow chart for emergency radioactive wastewater treatment was given out. Some suggestions were given for the research on the emergency treatment of radioactive wastewater technology.
Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Steam Reforming over Co-Ni/CeO2 Catalysts Prepared by Coprecipitation
Authors: Dai Rui Qi , Chen Ya Zhong , Jin Fang , Cui Peng
Published: August 2013

Co/CeO2 catalysts showed good catalytic performances in terms of activity, selectivity and stability for intermediate temperature ethanol steam reforming, while low temperature activity should be improved. Thus, effect of nickel incorporation into Co/CeO2 catalysts for ethanol steam reforming was investigated on the consideration of high activity for CC bond cleavage at low temperature of nickel, while cobalt may improve yield of hydrogen due to the depression of CH4 formation. A series of Co-Ni/CeO2 catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation, characterized by low temperature N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, and catalytic performance measurement for ethanol steam reforming. The results indicated that 10.0% nickel incorporation into Co/CeO2 resulted in much better catalytic performances, complete conversion of ethanol into C1 species and hydrogen yield about 60.0% at 350°C were obtained. Further increase of nickel content decreased catalytic performance. The high performance of the Co10-Ni10/CeO2 was attributed to enhancement of surface Ce4+ reduction and fine particles of metal.
Research on Control Simulation of Photovoltaic Power Generation System Based on MPPT
Authors: Dai Yong Tao , Xie You Hui , Li Wang Kun
Published: August 2013

Output power of photovoltaic cell will change along with the change external environment and load. In order to give full play to the photovoltaic device efficiency and response external environment change fast, A maximum power point tracking circuit is need to be used. In this paper power voltage curve of photovoltaic cell is analyzed exactly. According to the analyzed results, the fuzzy control is applied into maximum power point tracking control of photovoltaic power generation system. This approach can make system working in the maximum power point without interfering with the normal work of the system. It improves that system stability. The simulation results prove that this approach can track the maximum power point of solar cell quickly and accurately.
Preparation of CuO-Decorated Core-Shell Montmorillonite-TiO2 Colloids and their Photocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution from Water
Authors: Kang Shi Zhao , Wu Tan , Li Xiang Qing , Wang Qi Fan , Mu Jin
Published: August 2013

CuO-decorated core-shell montmorillonite-TiO2 colloids were prepared and characterized with transmission electron microscope, powder X-ray diffraction analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and UV-vis spectrua. Meanwhile, their photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from water was explored under UV irradiation using methanol as a sacrificial reagent. The results indicate that they are an efficient photocatalyst with a rate of H2 evolution of 219 μmol·h-1·g-1 which is higher than that of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles.
Sulfonated Polyphosphazene-Montmorillonite Hybrid Composite Membranes for Fuel Cells
Authors: He Min Lan , Zhu Chang Jin , Jing Chao Jun
Published: August 2013

A series of sulfonated polyphosphazene-organic montmorillonite hybrid membranes for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) were prepared. The structure and characteristics of the obtained membranes were studied by testing their X-ray diffraction (XRD), water uptake, water swelling ratio, proton conductivity, thermal properties, methanol permeability and mechanical properties. The morphological analysis of the composite membranes indicated that the organic montmorillonite was uniformly distributed throughout the polymer matrix. Compared to the native sulfonated polyphosphazene membranes, the hybrid membranes showed better mechanical properties and selectivity for proton ions over methanol. The selectivity indicates that polyphosphazene-montmorillonite membranes may be promising electrolyte candidate for direct methanol fuel cells.
Effect of Different Operating Conditions on MFC Performance
Authors: Lu Shan Shan , Zhao Yang Guo , Liu Ru
Published: August 2013

Dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were established to study the effect of seed sludge, carbon sources, buffering solution and stirring on power generation performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technologies were used to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of bacterial community. The results showed that the MFC feeding with lactic acid obtained 0.57V of electromotive force, and 1.57 W/m3 of volumetric power density. It reached 0.62V and 2.07 W/m3 when the carbon source was changed to acetic acid. Compared with anaerobic sludge, aerobic sludge had higher maximum voltage and longer high voltage duration. The stirring and the adding buffer solution improved electricity generation. SEM and DGGE profiles indicated that a large number of bacilli were tightly bound to the anode surface. Microbial community structure on the membrane surface was more similar to suspended sludge than sediment and seed sludge. In conclusion, MFCs perform better with incubating aerobic sludge, feeding acetic acid, adding PBS buffer (50mmol/L) and stirring.
Investigation into the Catalytic Ability of Fibrillar Co-Y-B Catalyst in Hydrogen Production from Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride
Authors: Chang Jing , Du Fang Lin
Published: August 2013

The hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) can generate highly pure hydrogen. In this paper, the Co-Y-B catalyst is prepared using the simple chemical reduction method. Its catalytic reactivity is investigated for different NaBH4 concentrations, NaOH concentrations, the catalyst amounts and the reacting temperatures. When the Y/(Co+Y) mole ratio in catalyst arrives at 40 %, the catalysts show the best catalytic ability. There is an optimum range, around 8 wt.% for NaBH4 concentration and also 8 wt.% for NaOH concentration, respectively, in which the hydrogen generation rate performed best. Both the large catalyst amount and the high reacting temperature are beneficial to promote the hydrogen generation rate. Structural characterizations of the fibrillar catalysts are carried out in SEM and XRD analysis. The value of activation energy for the hydrogen generation process is calculated to be 48.02 kJ/mol and it compares favorably with some other previously reported values.
Performance Study of Direct-Boron-Hydrogen Fuel Cells (DBFC) Applied in Micro Power Systems
Authors: Lee Jin Kwei , Chuang Chai Chin , Chang Yung Chung , Yeh Chia Hung
Published: August 2013

The demand for ever more functions and higher processing speed in mobile devices has raised the energy consumption of such devices beyond the capability of low-energy-density and long-charging-hour lithium batteries. As an energy source, fuel cells are much better than lithium batteries due to their higher energy density and faster charging speed. Of the many types of fuel cell, the DBFC appears to be the best alternative for mobile devices because of its higher energy density, better performance at low temperature and more compact structure. This research will study such DBFC parameters as the proportions of membranes, catalyst, fuel and temperature in order to achieve the best result for supplying power to mobile devices, and compare these characteristics with the popular DMFC to further develop the most suitable fuel cell for portable electronic products.
A μDMFC Stack with Hybrid Mass Transportation Scheme
Authors: Chai Sen , Wang Xiao Hong
Published: August 2013

This paper focus on the mass transportation in integrited μDMFC stack. The situation that simply increasing the integrity of stack will deteriorate the performance of single cell, was confirmed by implementing and testing a highly-integrated μDMFC power supply system. Based on works above, a centrual-inlet μDMFC stack using new structure of mass transportation was fabricated. To prevent a long serial path or highly paralleled paths, the methanol and O2 were supplied from central-inlet and transported through a serial-parallel-hybrid mass transportation path. Compareing with the traditional structure, the new stack has about 25% performance enhancing and considerable stability improvement.
Discussion on the Li-Ion Battery Health Monitoring and Remaining-Useful-Life Prediction
Authors: Zhang Jin , Gao An Tong , Chen Rong Gang , Han Yu Sheng
Published: August 2013

The Li-ion battery has high discharge voltage, long cycle life, good safety performance, no memory effect and other advantages. So it has being more and more used and concerned. This paper reviews various aspects of recent research and developments in Li-ion battery prognostics and health monitoring,and summarizes the techniques,algorithms and models used for state-of-charge estimation,voltage estimation,capacity estimation and remaining-useful-life prediction. Especially for state-of-charge estimation, this paper summed up many methods, such as current integration method, open circuit voltage method, Fuzzy logic, Autoregressive moving average model, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Support vector machine and support vector machine based on Extended Kalman filter. And their advantages and disadvantages are summarized.
Microwave Synthesis of MnO2/C and its Applications in Zinc-Air Battery
Authors: Liu De Li , Cheng Jin Ning , Han Jia Jun
Published: August 2013

MnO2/C composites were synthesized in a microwave oven using the activated carbon as a carrier, manganese sulfate as manganese source, ammonium persulfate as an oxidant, ammonium sulfate as conductive agent. The effects of activated carbon and ammonium sulfate concentration on the MnO2/C composite crystalstructure and assembly of the zinc-air battery were studied. The results show that the mixed crystal MnO2/C has the best catalytic oxygen reduction effect. The reaction changes from chemical reaction to electrochemical reaction because of activated carbon. The power of MnO2/C air battery is increased first and then decreased with the active carbon concentration increased. When the carbon concentration was 30gL-1, the power reaches a maximum value. With the ammonium sulfate concentration increases the battery energy is first increased and then decreased. The power reaches a maximum value as the concentration of ammonium sulfate is 0.25molL-1.
Preparation and Study of Zinc-Air Batteries with Carbon-Supported Amorphous MnO2 Catalyst
Authors: Cheng Jin Ning , Liu De Li , Yang Lu , Han Jia Jun
Published: August 2013

Activated carbon as a supporter, using a redox reaction of MnSO4H2O and KMnO4, carbon-supported amorphous MnO2 catalysts were prepared for zinc-air battery positive. Using XRD and specific energy curve, the effects of MnO2/C and the corresponding zinc-air battery were studied by carbon material type and its amount, concentration of KMnO4 and the molar ratio of MnSO4H2O and KMnO4 by XRD. The results show that: Coal activated carbon as carbon supporter, C and MnO2 mass ratio was 4:3, concentration of KMnO4 in 27.2g L-1, molar ratio of KMnO4 and MnSO4 H2O was 2:3, get the battery performance and economic benefit of the best. Coal activated carbon, C and MnO2 quality ratio is 4:3, the KMnO4 concentration 27.2g L-1, KMnO4 and MnSO4H2O molar ratio of 2:3, best battery of the performance and economic benefits4.
Close-Packed Al2O3 Nanoparticles/Waterborne Polyurethane Layer-Coated Polyethylene Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Yi Ping , Le Jun , Sheng Xiao Cheng , Zhang Xiao Wei
Published: August 2013

Separator shutdown by interrupting the transmission of lithium ions to terminate the battery reaction is a valid safety mechanism for preventing thermal runaway reactions in lithium ion batteries. Yet the cell temperature continues rising after the shutdown, the separator need sufficient thermal stability to physically isolate the electrodes. To reduce the thermal shrinkage of polyethylene (PE) separators, a fresh composite separator is developed by introducing alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) layer on one side of the pristine PE separator via casting process. The microporous structure of the composite separator is supposed to be a significant consideration for the cell performance, which is confirmed by the scanning electron microscope. Compared with the pristine PE separator, the thermal shrinkage of the novel separator improved markedly with an acceptable decline in air permeability and ion conductivity.
Dynamic Measurement and Estimation of Power Battery Residual Capacity
Authors: Ye Wei Qiong , Li Bei
Published: August 2013

This paper takes battery cell as research object, presents a new method to estimate the state-of-charge(SOC) of battery, which solves the problem of real-time estimation of power batteries for electric vehicles in the working condition. By a constant current load, periodically measured working voltage of the battery, the remaining time can be calculated using phase-slope based on voltage in the moment, which calculates the battery SOC. The thesis proves the feasibility of that the dynamic work point can be convert to static working point, the relative error of the method is less than 7%. Through software can implement compensation of temperature and aging. The error analysis results show that the method error is small, measurement precision is high.
Research on the Angle of Quasi-Fixed Solar Collector
Authors: Li Xiao Qing , Liu Xiao Yan , Xu Ying
Published: August 2013

In this paper, in order to increase the efficiency of solar energy collection in winter, a method to set the semi-fixed collector was proposed. The best angle of the quasi-fixed solar collector have be calculated and given in Daqing region. According to comparison and analysis, we find that the efficiency improved 8.3%; it will collect solar energy 410.46MJ per square more than fixed collectors every year.
Dual Carbon Coating Used in the Preparation of LiFePO4/C Cathode Material
Authors: Jiang Ying , Zhong Fu Xin , Cheng Zhong Yuan , Yu Peng Fei , Jin Yun Xia , Xiao Shun Hua
Published: August 2013

The LiFePO4/C cathode material was synthesized by two–step addition of dual carbon sources method based on the in situ polymerization method combining with two–step sintering process. In this study, the structure and morphology have been studied systematically by X–ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).The electrochemical performances have been shown by the charge/discharge capacity, rate property, cycle performance. It was evidenced that the two–step addition of dual carbon sources had remarkable advantages, including the more complete coating carbon, and the improvement in the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C.
A New Thought and Method to Estimate and Design Power Capacity from Terminal Electricity Consumption (Power Load) in the Civil Airport
Authors: Xu Jun Ku , Sun Shi Man , Zhang Wen
Published: August 2013

The author gives and analyzes the percentage of the electricity consumption of the terminal to the entire airport, which is based on the 10 busiest domestic airports in China. A new idea and method is proposed to estimate and design the airport power capacity (electrical loads), which is shown to be feasible and applicable by the experimental data.
Energy-Saving Measures of a 1Mt/a Gasoline and Diesel Hydrofining Unit
Authors: Wu Shi Kui , Xu Kai Xiong , Wang Li , Wei Qi Ji
Published: August 2013

The energy saving operation optimization of a 1Mt/a gasoline and diesel hydrofining unit was performed. The specific measures include: ① Make the heated feedstock to be feed directly; ② Take targeted measures to avoid the bed pressure drop increasing too fast. According to the methods of the operation optimization above, they could be expected to be able to save 400 tons of standard coal per year for the company, which have certain economic benefits. They can also increase the safety of the unit.
Performance Evaluation of a Vertical U-Tube Ground Heat Exchanger Using a Numerical Simulation Approach
Authors: Hu Ping Fang , Yu Zhong Yi , Lei Fei , Zhu Na , Sun Qi Ming , Yuan Xu Dong
Published: August 2013

A vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger can be utilized to exchange heat with the soil in ground source heat pump systems. The outlet temperature of the working fluid through the U-tube not only accounts for heat transfer capacity of a ground heat exchanger, but also greatly affects the operational efficiency of heat pump units, which is an important characteristic parameter of heat transfer process. It is quantified by defining a thermal effectiveness coefficient. The performance evaluation is performed with a three dimensional numerical model using a finite volume technique. A dynamic simulation was conducted to analyze the thermal effectiveness as a function of soil thermal properties, backfill material properties, separation distance between the two tube legs, borehole depth and flow velocity of the working fluid. The influence of important characteristic parameters on the heat transfer performance of vertical U-tube ground heat exchangers is investigated, which may provide the references for the design of ground source heat pump systems in practice.
Research on the Energy Consumption and Potential Emission Reduction of District Heating in the North of China
Authors: Huang Chao , Ma Xiu Qin , Li Wei , Sun You Shan
Published: August 2013

According to the status of the energy consumption of central heating in north China, The energy consumption survey selected 20 heating stations in the north of China. The survey included heating area, fuel usage, heating type, energy consumption, and etc. The analysis of the survey result shows that the central heating has many problems, building energy consumption is larger, and there is a large potential for emission reduction in the north of China.
Study on Waste Heat Recovery of Soy Sauce Production Process in Jinshilongmen Brewery
Authors: Zhang Yong Jie , Jiang Jian Yun , Ye Jian Dong , Fu Meng , Zhang Fan
Published: August 2013

Considering characteristics of soy sauce production process and the equipment in JinShiLongMen Brewery, a series of energy-saving technology solutions, including secondary recovery of residual steam in steaming process, heat recovery in high temperature soy sauce cooling process, insulation of high temperature salt water tank and insulation of steam pipeline, was developed. After the implementation of these solutions, the system runs stably and experimental testing analysis shows that the annual amount of residual heat recovered by secondary recovery of residual steam in steaming process was 9.635×108 kJ, amounting to reduce steam cost RMB79,100 Yuan, recovered in high temperature soy sauce cooling process was 1.839×109 kJ, amounting to reduce steam cost RMB151,100 Yuan. The results show that the energy saving technologies achieved good economic and environmental benefits and are applied to the same industry.
Analysis about Main Influence Factors of Vehicle's Fuel Consumption
Authors: Peng Bo , Ma Song Lin
Published: August 2013

The construction of ecological civilization is attracting more and more attention. Fuel consumption has greater research value as an important factor in the field of environmental protection and energy saving. Existing analysis about the influence factors of fuel consumption is mostly finished in the 1990s and the beginning of this century, with experiment vehicles and highway at that time, so they may not be suitable for the present. Direct measurement of fuel consumption is finished with actual transportation vehicles in highway and nature state of driving. Analysing the relationship between fuel consumption and speed, longitudinal slope and other main influence factors, put forward measures in highway design, driving speed and other parts to reduce fuel consumption. It is significant for realize energy conservation and environmental protection in traffic.
Analysis on the Cycle Characteristics of Dual Swash Plate Stirling Engine
Authors: Han Xu Dong , Xu Wei Zheng
Published: August 2013

Dual swash plate Stirling engine was designed to convert the waste energy of the flame to mechanical energy. A Stirling model has been developed and used to optimize the performance and design parameters of the engine. The Schmidt analysis is used to obtain the internal engine pressure for the adiabatic analysis. The objective of this paper is to provide fundamental information and present a detailed feasibility of dual the swash plate mechanism. Based on the theoretical model and numerical simulation, the Stirling power is calculated. The result shows that the swash plate mechanism could be applied in practice.
How to Implement the Method that can Annually Save more Energy than the Corresponding Energy of Large Oil Field Output
Authors: Cheng Leng Shu
Published: August 2013

Calculation illustrates that it can annuallysave more than one lagre oil field output corresponding energy if China totally operate steam turbine at low vacuum to keep warm in winter; sum up the technique difficult points and how to solve them when reform the old steam turbine to operate the steam turbine at low vacuum to keep warm in winter; raising reasonable inspire policy in order to perform the new build steam turbine of low vacuum to keep warm in winter competitively. Therefore provide a feasible method to substantially save the worlds energy.
The Performance of Thermal Storage Tank in Solar Energy System
Authors: Zhang Xi Ming , Zhang Yi Ran
Published: August 2013

Solar energy is the main source of all energy on earth. The earth obtains the total energy annually is ten thousand times of the earth energy consumption at present, but the solar energy has a lower energy density on the earth's surface. If we want to use the solar energy, it is necessary to solve the intermittent and reliability problems of solar energy. Setting the storage device is one of the most effective methods to solve the above problem. The research and development of new energy sources and energy saving are two key ways to solve the potential global energy shortage. Solar assisted heat pump system has a wide and wonderful future for its excellent performance in energy saving and environment protection. This paper discusses the technology of thermal storage in solar energy system and introduces thermal storage .The experiment was done in Qingdao climates. Presents the laws of the thermal storage tank and the average heat output is 11.63 KWh in 8:0016:00.
Problem and Solution of Frequency Conversion Transformation on Axial FGD Booster Fan in 600MW Unit
Authors: Lan Xiao Cun , Wang Chun Yu , Li Ling , Wang Lei
Published: August 2013

in 600 MW unit of a certain power company, the frequency conversion transformation on an axial FGD booster fan had been done, but it was found that have only little energy-saving effect and the investment recovery period would be very long. Based on performance characteristics test, the reason of this problem was analyzed. It shows that the transformation scheme in effect is unsuitable. The optimized scheme was proposed and suggesting good effect through energy-saving estimate. The company implemented optimization and then found the energy-saving index is almost the same as estimate. This problem is representative for frequency conversion transformation of fans, it can be avoided through performance characteristics test and energy-saving estimate before transformation.
Research on Coordination and Optimization Model of User's Electricity Energy Efficiency with Load of Diversity
Authors: Fang Chen , Yang Li Fang , Wang Feng Yu , Jin Jia Pei
Published: August 2013

With the progress of smart grid building, the trend of load of diversity has become increasingly apparent. Under the condition of load of diversity, considering synthetically from multiple factors including electricity consumption, energy cost, environmental protection and comprehensive user’s satisfactory, the coordination and optimization model of user’s electricity energy efficiency is made up of four objective functions, including the minimum electricity consumption, energy cost, emission of and the maximum comprehensive user’s satisfactory. The coordination and optimization of user’s electricity energy efficiency is melted into the use time allocation of electricity systems, to select the right electricity behavior to implement optimization of user’s electricity energy efficiency.
Water Supply Pumping Station Energy Consumption Analysis and Energy Saving Research Based on the Energy Consumption Coefficient
Authors: Fang Jing Ying , Li Zhi Peng , Chen Fang Fang , Chen Yan Hui
Published: August 2013

From the view point of efficiency, the energy consumption coefficient was used as the energy utilization evaluation index in a water supply pumping system, and through the comparative analysis between the energy consumption coefficient and the pump efficiency, the past pump efficiency that was used as the economic index in the system could not completely and scientifically reflect the energy utilization rate of the system, while the energy consumption coefficient could intuitively reflect conveying unit volume of liquid consumption in a water supply pumping system. Based on the theory of energy consumption coefficient, the comprehensive analysis of different energy saving methods, energy saving space estimation, and average energy consumption coefficient calculation under variable conditions of the system in a water supply pumping system can give a specific guidance scheme of energy saving to the system, and it has a guidance and reference significance to the energy saving reform in the water supply pumping system.
Research of Sewage Marine Discharge Diffusion Effect under Deep Water
Authors: Yu Hang , Bai Jing Feng , Wang Xin Hai , Zhao Hong Xin
Published: August 2013

The sewage diffusion effect under deep water was carried out between different diffuser design parameters based on the hydraulic model test, and Huizhou Dayawan sewage marine disposal project was taken as an example. The experimental results show that the design parameters are significant for sewage diffusion at the near field. For Dayawan project, jet angle was controlled to be 20 degree, and horizontal angle was controlled to be 90 degree. It not only can ensure that sewage fully diluted mixed, also can avoid the premature convergence and sewage lifting. It is feasible for selecting large angle nozzle under deep water and there are some technical bases have been provided for other sewage marine disposal project.
A Case Study to the Evaluation of Global Environmental Quality, Concerning Thermal, Acoustic and Atmospheric Conditions of Urban Areas
Authors: Franzitta Vincenzo , Milone Angelo , Milone Daniele , Trapanese Marco , Viola Alessia
Published: August 2013

In this paper we propose an operative procedure aimed at assessing and check the global environmental quality in the urban areas. This methodology is set up by using an ergonomic approach that analyses the interaction man-environment in terms of cause-effect and uses information and data from various sources contributing to the formation of discomfort degrees.[1-2] The representation technique by normo-grams is used for showing some applications executed along the urban territory of Palermo and allows to evaluate very simply all the parameters involved in human comfort. This paper is divided in 5 sections, after the introduction in section 2 a review of the principal simple and complex indexes is presented, in section 3 the methodology used to assess the air quality is presented and in section 4 some experimental results on some areas of Palermo are presented, finally in section 5 some conclusions are drawn.[3-4]
A New Assessment Model for Coastal Water Quality Based on Nonlinear Mapping Theory
Authors: Lu Ren Qiang
Published: August 2013

A new assessment model for coastal water quality was proposed based on the nonlinear mapping theory. Taking the water quality monitoring data of Tianjins coastal marine as an example, firstly, the high-dimension water quality data were mapped to the two-dimension plane by nonlinear mapping method. Secondly, the water quality assessment model was established according to the position relationship of mapping points. Then, the water quality was assessed based on the model. Through application we could found the method proposed in this paper was simple and practicable. It is science and effectiveness of applying the nonlinear mapping method to assessment the water quality. It could be used to supply the decision support for the coastal water quality management.
Comprehensive Evaluation on Ecological Effects of Artificial Reef Based on Grey Clustering Analysis
Authors: Liu Bing Qing
Published: August 2013

This paper first analyzes domestic and foreign literature related to artificial reef evaluation, and then summarizes the ecological effects of artificial reefs. Accordingly, a comprehensive evaluation system on ecological effects of artificial reef is established. Further, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on grey clustering analysis is derived and presented. The model takes the artificial reef project in East China Sea as an example. An empirical study is conducted to obtain fuzzy evaluation matrix and grade evaluation result. Finally, the result of model shows consistency with the actual ecological environment which verifies the correctness of the model.
Fluorescence Excitation-Emission Spectroscopy for Characterizing Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter during Landfill Leachate Treatment by Photocatalysis
Authors: Deng Chu Zhou , Liu Song , Jia Chen Zhong
Published: August 2013

Fluorescence spectroscopy was performed to investigate the composition changes and characteristics of the leachate DOM (dissolved organic matter) during UV-TiO2photocatalytic treatment process. The results showed that fulvic-like, tryptophan-like and humic acids-like matters were the main compounds in leachate. During photocatalytic treatment process, fluorescence spectroscopy of DOM changed considerably. The final products were mainly fulvic-like and tryptophan-like matters. In general, the fluorescence signals of humic acids-like matters had the most significant change, which disappeared entirely after 60 h treatment, implying that humic acids-like matters can be degraded preferentially by photocatalysis. The other notable change was in VIS fulvic-like matters region, which suggested that fulvic-like matters can be significantly degraded. In 72 h photocatalytic effluent, VIS fulvic-like, tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like matters were remained, and the last two matters were the dominant fractions. These results indicated that fulvic-like and humic acids-like matters with macromolecular can be degraded into protein-like matters with micro-molecular by photocatalysis.
The Distribution of Diatoms in Guangxi Section of West River
Authors: Wang Yu Zhong , Hu Sun Lin , Liu Chao , Wang Hui Pin , Dai Wei Lie , Wen Jin Feng
Published: August 2013

The planktonic diatom related index for assessing water quality was evaluated. The indexes for the planktonic diatoms and the benthic diatoms in the water of West River in Guangxi were compared. The same method was used in samples in June and September. There were significant difference in the indexes of each simpling site between the planktonic diatom and the benthic diatom. But there were insignificant difference in samples in June and September. Thus, it is useful for water quality monitoring to use the method that combining the planktonic diatom related indexes and the benthic ones.