bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A holistic framework for patient experience: 5P model
Authors: Ozcelik Ayse Bengi , Varnali Kaan , Burnaz Sebnem
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Hospitals have become competitive organizations striving to serve the needs of empowered consumers seeking positive experiences. As a result, the patient experience turns into a critical driver of performance for hospitals. Accordingly, the question “what are the critical dimensions for creating a well-designed patient experience?” has been drawing increasing attention from the industry and academia alike. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of patient experience by using multiple source data obtained from experts and patients.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a qualitative research approach to examine the perspectives of both health-care experts and patients about the experience. A semi-structured interview series is conducted with health-care professionals, academicians, researchers, physicians and patients.

Findings

The results suggest a novel framework for the patient experience including five critical dimensions as follows: provider, physician, patient, personnel and periphery. This framework, 5Ps of patient experience, provides a holistic picture, which integrates the perspectives of patients, health-care providers and experts including scholars and researchers.

Practical implications

The 5P framework can be used by health-care professionals to better understand the driving factors of patient experience and to create a strategy to improve patient satisfaction.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first qualitative study, which provides a holistic approach to patient experience independent from the branch and considers the perspectives of both health-care experts and patients.
Determinants of coaching success: a systematic review
Authors: Cidral Wilmar , Berg Carlos Henrique , Paulino Maria Lúcia
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The major contribution of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework to coachee success and to identify the most relevant resources for coachee success.

Design/methodology/approach

This article attempts to determine the constructs of coaching success through a systematic literature review. The review identified 1,048,880 papers. From these, the authors selected 39 articles for the research. From these articles, the main elements of coaching success were identified.

Findings

The main elements of coaching success are coach quality, coachee engagement, coaching process, coaching reflection, behaviors resulting from coaching and coachee success. Coach quality, coaching process and coachee are often considered as key variables to success. Coachee's behavior is linked to performance but approaches to effectful coaching vary.

Practical implications

Coachee success is connected with the coach's emotional skills and the formality process. Success requires communication, interpersonal relationship, planning, goal setting and progress monitoring. An interplay between the coach and the coachee's emotional skills and the formality process enables success. In business, where employees usually work in their chosen profession, coaching is a tool for education and improvement that brings positive results to the organization.

Social implications

On a personal level, it can lead to greater self-knowledge and to improvement in the quality of life. Coaching as a facilitator of the coachee's success must be more than a process in itself. It is a way of allowing the coachee to make a critical contribution in a broader context to an organizational culture that values human capital.

Originality/value

It contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to success in coaching. This systematic review adds to the few articles found on coachee success from over a million papers analyzed. It offers a proposed theoretical framework to coachee success, through a holistic approach.
Determinants of transportation sustainability in universities of Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Baig Muhammad Hamza , Waheed Abdul , Rana Irfan Ahmad , Abbas Kulsoom
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the barriers halting the usage of sustainable modes of transportation in a university campus.

Design/methodology/approach

Two large-scale universities, namely, Quaid-i-Azam University and the National University of Sciences and Technology, in Islamabad have been taken as case studies with a sample population of 421. The questionnaire data, comprising 30 different barriers, were analysed by principal component analysis and mean value method.

Findings

The findings indicate that safety and infrastructural factors are the most influential ones affecting sustainable mobility within the campus. The provision of user-friendly and safe infrastructure and more frequent shuttle buses are recommended to promote the culture of sustainable transportation.

Research limitations/implications

Inclusion of other large-scale universities of the country might give more generalized results. The sustainability of other areas associating with transportation can also be evaluated to explore other unfamiliar dimensions.

Practical implications

The outcome of this research expects to highlight important policy recommendations for the promotion of sustainable mobility inside the campus and also serves as a guiding principle for campus developers and policymakers for planning new campuses in other parts of the country.

Originality/value

This research can be considered as a starting point for achieving sustainability in the universities of Pakistan. The same research methodology can be opted in other campuses with the possibility of the addition of other related factors with different statistical analysis techniques as well.
Potential for social entrepreneurship in tourism in the city of Chennai
Authors: Vinodan A. , Meera S.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Tamil Nadu, the southern provincial state of India attracts the highest number of domestic as well as international tourist to India. Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu is the much sought-after destination for tourists and attracts a large number of visitors. Considering the transformational role of tourism with its focus on community-in-need, tourism can usher opportunities for both not-for-profit and for-profit social entrepreneurship (SE). At this juncture, the number of poor people in the city is relevant, which is almost 40% of the population seeking livelihood opportunities. SE operating for-profit model is often construed sustainable and appropriate in the context of tourism. Considering the relevance of such innovative actional approaches, this study aims to explore the potential of for-profit SE in the the city of Chennai.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted the exploratory sequential method. The social drivers and challenges of SE in Chennai were explored through expert in-depth interview and the dimensions of challenges were explored through factor analysis.

Findings

The study result indicates that the social drivers of SE in tourism can be broadly classified into concurrent social drivers and latent social drivers, which encompass the potential for social bricoleur, social constructionist and social engineer typologies. There are five dimensions for the challenges for institutionalizing tourism-based SE in the city of Chennai i.e. community concerned, industry specific, sustainability centric, governance oriented and collaboration centered. The study concluded with future directions for the institutionalizing SE, creating social value and fostering community-level transformation in tune with sustainable development goals (SDGs) in tourist destinations of the city of Chennai.

Research limitations/implications

The study considered existing wage employees of various vendors in tourist destinations of the city with an assumption that these wage employees are interested in entrepreneurship possibility.

Practical implications

SE assumes relevance in the context of inclusive tourism and toward the attainment of SDGs through tourism, as an economic activity. The outcome of the study can be a catalyst to stimulate alternative business models for local development; persuading existing business enterprises to follow more responsible business practices in city destinations, thus promoting more pragmatic socio-economic outcomes to the underprivileged, through tourism.

Originality/value

Social drivers and challenges are unique in the context of tourism especially in the Indian context as there was no such attempt to consolidate these aspects as a move toward inclusive tourism by strengthening the grass-root level participation.
Consumer cosmopolitanism in international marketing research: a systematic review and future research agenda
Authors: Makrides Anna , Kvasova Olga , Thrassou Alkis , Hadjielias Elias , Ferraris Alberto
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to systematically collate and scrutinize the state of the art on consumer cosmopolitanism (CCOS) from an international marketing perspective and to provide a foundation for future research on the subject matter to proliferate and prosper.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic review of the extant literature was conducted focusing on peer-reviewed journal articles published in major marketing, international business and management journals.

Findings

A systematic analysis of 44 journal articles shows that CCOS research is a rapidly growing research stream in the international marketing field. However, at the same time, the results reveal a lack of coherent and consistent conceptual underpinning, conflicting empirical findings regarding the profile and behavior of cosmopolitan consumers, persisting knowledge gaps, as well as methodological and contextual weaknesses.

Originality/value

This paper is the first to consolidate the pertinent literature on CCOS. In doing so, it provides a roadmap for future research with reference to theory, context and methodology based on the research inconsistencies and knowledge gaps identified, contributing toward the development of this research area.
Fraud and pandemics
Authors: Levi Michael , Smith Russell G.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to draw out the common characteristics of frauds associated with pandemics and to identify any risks unique to them.

Design/methodology/approach

It considers the range of frauds and their reporting lags and examines what is known about current frauds against individuals, businesses and government, principally using public and private sector data from Australia and the UK.

Findings

The study identifies some novel crime types and methodologies arising during the current pandemic that were not seen in previous pandemics. These changes may result from public health measures taken in response to COVID-19, the current state of technologies and the activities of law enforcement and regulatory guardians. It shows that many frauds would occur anyway, but some specific – mainly online – frauds occur during pandemics, and because of large scale government assistance programmes to businesses and individuals, far more opportunities were created from COVID-19 than in previous eras.

Social implications

The study concludes with a discussion of the policy implications for prevention, resilience and for private and public policing and criminal justice. It stresses that plans for future pandemics must include provisions for better early monitoring and control of fraud and associated procurement corruption and notes that these require greater political will and organisation. It recommends a more serious analysis of the impact of prevention communications outreach to citizens, businesses and government.

Originality/value

The study uses fresh data on frauds from the private and public sectors and assesses some measures of control in a holistic way.
Governance of profit and loss sharing financing in achieving socio-economic justice
Authors: Yaya Rizal , Saud Ilham Maulana , Hassan M. Kabir , Rashid Mamunur
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to explore the governance practices of profit and loss sharing (PLS) financing in connection to the socio-economic development objective of the Islamic financial institutions (IFIs).

Design/methodology/approach

The study context included IFIs from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A two-stage research methodology was used. In the first stage, top ten IFIs – three Islamic commercial banks, three Islamic rural banks and four Islamic micro finance institutions – were considered for in-depth interviews. Formal interview protocol was followed to record and transcribe interviews. In the second stage, a questionnaire survey considered 26 IFIs. Unit of measurement was individuals working at the mid and top level from the selected organisations.

Findings

The governance process of providing and managing PLS financing involves several critical factors, such as the financing duration, instalment timing, contract approval and cost, basis of sharing, risk management, customer empowerment and Sharīʿah compliance. Contrary to the existing belief, the authors found that PLS financing is primarily available for shorter period of time (three years) and it is unavailable for start-ups. Also, newer IFIs rely less on PLS financing than the older IFIs. In addition to worrying about the higher risk of return, IFIs considered government regulation on PLS to be tighter in terms of provision and rescheduling.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to investigating IFIs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This limitation is covered by taking samples from three types of IFIs.

Practical implications

For IFI practitioners, these findings are expected to improve their confidence in undertaking more progressive efforts in adopting governance policies that contribute to greater socio-economic justice.

Social implications

If the governance good practices are implemented by all IFIs, a higher degree of social welfare and customer awareness can be achieved.

Originality/value

Across all types of IFIs, this study’s results confirm that PLS is less preferred for long-term and start-up financing. These findings should be the ingredients to push research on PLS further, as these findings grossly violate the theory. Fulfilling these gaps could strengthen the nexus between PLS and socio-economic justice.
The relationship between the stress experienced by parents and cyberchondria during the pandemic process
Authors: Avçin Emel , Can Şeyda
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the stress experienced by parents during the pandemic and their cyberchondria. The research was carried out in a descriptive and cross-sectional manner.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample of the research: living in Turkey and has created 432 parents with at least one child between the ages of 6 and 15. Participant information form, parental stress scale and cyberchondria scale were used in the study. Data were collected through online surveys between July 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020.

Findings

In the study, when the scores obtained from the Parental Stress Scale and the Cyberchondria Scale were compared with the demographic characteristics, a significant difference was found between gender, age, marital status, education level, economic status, number of children and presence of chronic diseases (p < 0.05). It was determined that there is a significant difference between the responses of the parents regarding the pandemic process and the Parental Stress Scale and the Cyberchondria Scale (p < 0.05). A positive significant correlation was found between the Parental Stress Scale and the total and subdimensions of the Cyberchondria Scale (p < 0.05).

Research limitations/implications

The research was carried out with only parents with children between the ages of 6 and 15, but it reveals the stress and cyberchondria of the parents during the pandemic.

Originality/value

The results obtained reflect the factors affecting the stress and cyberchondria levels experienced by parents during the pandemic process. Also, as the stress of the parent's increases, it has seen that the level of cyberchondria increases in parallel.
Identifying features of health misinformation on social media sites: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Ma Feicheng , Liu Yunmei , Pian Wenjing
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the features of health misinformation on social media sites (SMSs). The primary goal of the study is to investigate the salient features of health misinformation and to develop a tool of features to help users and social media companies identify health misinformation.

Design/methodology/approach

Empirical data include 1,168 pieces of health information that were collected from WeChat, a dominant SMS in China, and the obtained data were analyzed through a process of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Then chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were adopted to identify salient features of health misinformation.

Findings

The findings show that the features of health misinformation on SMSs involve surface features, semantic features and source features, and there are significant differences in the features of health misinformation between different topics. In addition, the list of features was developed to identify health misinformation on SMSs.

Practical implications

This study raises awareness of the key features of health misinformation on SMSs. It develops a list of features to help users distinguish health misinformation as well as help social media companies filter health misinformation.

Originality/value

Theoretically, this study contributes to the academic discourse on health misinformation on SMSs by exploring the features of health misinformation. Methodologically, the paper serves to enrich the literature around health misinformation and SMSs that have hitherto mostly drawn data from health websites.
Cooperation and competition among subsidiaries in a business group: their impacts on innovation
Authors: Li Donghong , Yang Zhenning , Ma Pengcheng , Chen Hang
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to document the relationship between intra-group coopetition and subsidiaries' innovation performance and the moderating impact of the intensity of external competition.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 75 subsidiaries in China through a questionnaire survey of their R&D and general managers. The total number of individual respondents was 205. We tested our hypothesis by using ordinary least squares regression.

Findings

Intra-group cooperation was found to promote a subsidiary's performance in product and process innovation. Intra-group competition was found to have aU-shaped relationship with product and process innovation. Intra-group cooperation strengthens theU-shaped relationship between intra-group competition and process innovation.

Research limitations/implications

This study involved firms from more than one industry. Studies of specific industries might reach more specific conclusions. And all of the data were self-reported by the managers of the firms concerned. Future studies would be well-advised to consider more objective data describing pairs of parent firms and subsidiaries.

Practical implications

Subsidiaries ought to build their internal networks to cooperate with each other. That can bring significant advantages in terms of information and synergy in innovation. Subsidiaries are also suggested to take full advantage of the opportunities that intra-group competition brings.

Originality/value

This study is the first one to explore coopetition phenomenon in the context of business group. By taking Chinese business group subsidiaries as the research samples, this research not only extends the coopetition research but also reveals that cooperation and competition are co-existed and exert influence in subsidiaries.
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the anti-diarrhoea properties of Diodia sarmentosa leaves in castor oil-induced diarrhoea in albino rats
Authors: Anyanwu-Azuka Stanley Ifeanyi , Aloh Gabriel Sunday , Kalu Winner Oyidiya , Eleazu Chinedum
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to report the phytochemical screening and anti-diarrhoea properties of methanol extract of Diodia sarmentosa Swartz (DSS) leave (at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) in albino rats.

Design/methodology/approach

Three types of diarrhoea models (castor oil-induced diarrhoea, castor oil-induced gastrointestinal motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling), as well as an assay for serum and faecal electrolyte concentrations, were used. Acute toxicity study and phytochemical screening of the extract were carried out using standard techniques.

Findings

The percentage inhibition of diarrhoea by DSS 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg was obtained as 25.7%, 55% and 84.6%, respectively, compared with loperamide that had 87.6% inhibition. DSS dose dependently modulated the number and frequency of defecation, the weight of the faeces of the diarrhoea rats, the distance that was travelled by charcoal meal, mean differences in the full lengths of the intestines and the distance travelled by charcoal meal, weight and volume of intestinal contents, serum and faecal concentrations of potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, bicarbonate, iron and zinc relative to the negative control and in a manner akin to loperamide (for the extract at 600 mg/kg). DSS or loperamide attenuated the loss of calcium in the faeces of the rats. DSS possesses anti-diarrhoea properties, which may be attributed to the phytochemicals in it. Finally, the study showed the safety in the usage of DSS.

Originality/value

DSS exerted its anti-diarrhoea action in castor oil-induced diarrhoea rats, by modulating their intestinal secretory and motile activity in a manner akin to loperamide (for DSS at 600 mg/kg).
The relationship between internal supply chain structure and operational performance: survey results from Japanese manufacturers
Authors: Nakano Mikihisa , Matsuyama Kazuki
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the roles of a supply chain management (SCM) department. To achieve that, this study empirically examines the relationship between internal supply chain structure and operational performance, using survey data collected from 108 Japanese manufacturers.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a literature review of not only organizational theory but also other fields such as marketing, logistics management, operations management and SCM, this study focused on two structural properties, formalization and centralization and divided operational performance to firm-centric efficiency and customer-centric responsiveness. To examine the analytical model using these dimensions, this study conducted a structural equation modeling.

Findings

The correlation between centralization of operational tasks and centralization of strategic tasks, the impacts of centralization of both tasks on formalization and the effect of formalization on responsiveness performance were demonstrated. In addition, the reasons for formalization not positively influencing efficiency performance were explored through follow-up interviews.

Practical implications

Manufacturers need to formalize, as much as possible, a wide range of SCM tasks to realize operational excellence. To establish such formalized working methods, it is effective to centralize the authorities of both operational and strategic tasks in a particular department. In addition, inefficiency due to strict logistics service levels is a problem that all players involved in the supply chain of various industries should work together to solve.

Originality/value

The theoretical contribution of this study is that the authors established an empirical process that redefined the constructs of formalization and centralization, developed these measures and examined the impacts of these structural properties on operational performance.
The future of sustainable supply chains: a novel tertiary-systematic methodology
Authors: Centobelli Piera , Cerchione Roberto , Cricelli Livio , Esposito Emilio , Strazzullo Serena
Published: August 2021

Purpose

In recent years, economic, environmental and social sustainability has become one of the fastest-growing research fields. The number of primary and secondary papers addressing the triple bottom line is growing significantly, and the supply chain (SC) management discipline is in the same wave. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a novel tertiary systematic methodology to explore, aggregate, categorise and analyse the findings provided by secondary studies.

Design/methodology/approach

A novel tertiary systematic literature review approach, including 94 secondary studies, is proposed and used to analyse sustainable SC literature. The papers have been analysed using a research protocol, including descriptive and content analysis criteria.

Findings

This tertiary study does not only provide an overview of the literature on the topic of sustainability in SCs but also goes further, drawing up a categorisation of main research areas and research perspectives adopted by previous researchers. The paper also presents a rank of research gaps and an updated and a prioritised agenda.

Originality/value

This paper provides a novel interpretation of the research topics addressed by the secondary studies and presents a new classification of the literature gaps and their evolution. Finally, a dynamic research compass for both academicians and practitioners is presented.
Transformational leadership and trust in leadership impacts on employee commitment
Authors: Yuan Yue , Kong Haiyan , Baum Tom , Liu Yining , Liu Chao , Bu Naipeng , Wang Kangping , Yin Zihan
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the effects of leadership style and trust in leadership on employees’ affective commitment under the epidemic situation.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 580 valid questionnaires were collected online targeting the hospitality and tourism employees working from home during the particular period of the COVID-19 Coronavirus crisis. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data with AMOS software.

Findings

The findings indicated that perceived transformational leadership was a positive predictor of trust in leadership and affective commitment. In addition to the positive contribution to commitment, trust in leadership also mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment.

Originality/value

The current study contributes to the literature on leadership and organizational commitment. The results of this study may provide a valuable guide to organizations, leaders and young employees.
Experimental investigation of a pyramid type solar still with porous material: productivity assessment
Authors: Yarramsetty Naresh , Sharma Naveen , Narayana Modumudi Lakshmi
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effect of porous material (clay pots) and it is facing on the productivity performance of a pyramid type solar still. The clay pots are placed in the basin facing up and facing down. The numbers of clay pots considered were 9 and 25, and its performance was compared with normal (0 clay pots) solar still.

Design/methodology/approach

The pyramid solar water distillation system has been designed, fabricated and tested under the actual environmental conditions of Kanchikacherla (16.6834 0N, 80.3904 0E), Andhra Pradesh, India. The solar still is used to produce the fresh water and hot water simultaneously from the brackish (i.e. containing dissolved salts) feed water for domestic applications. From open literature, it was established that the rate of evaporation is higher when the flowing water is held for a longer duration on the black color absorber plate, thereby leading to an increase in productivity of freshwater. Therefore, the pyramid solar still has been tested for smooth absorber plate and the absorber plate with porous heat storage material.

Findings

The porous material increases the production rate of freshwater compared to a base plate. However, the pyramid still with clay pots has higher productivity at a lower temperature because of the porosity effect.

Originality/value

The total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity and pH of the distilled water and the saline water have also been measured and compared.
Growth responses of ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal seedlings to low soil nitrogen availability in a tropical montane forest
Authors: Prada Cecilia M. , Turner Benjamin L. , Dalling James W.
Published: August 2021

Differences in nutrient acquisition pathways between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are associated with greater soil organic matter accumulation and reduced inorganic nitrogen (N) availability in EM‐dominated forests. These plant–soil feedbacks are expected to influence seedling recruitment and the maintenance of diversity.

Montane forests of Central America are characterized by a mosaic of AM and EM dominance. We used a seedling transplant and soil manipulation experiment on Volcán Barú, Panama, to evaluate whether patches of oak (EM‐dominated) forest and mixed (AM‐dominated) forest affect seedling growth. We predicted that (a) plant–soil feedbacks would result in lower soil inorganic N availability in oak than in mixed forests, (b) consequently AM seedlings would grow more slowly and have lower foliar N concentrations in oak forest and (c) dependence of EM seedlings on organic N uptake via mycorrhiza would mean that inorganic N addition would increase seedling performance for AM but not EM (i.e. oak) seedlings. As soil organic matter accumulation may affect seedling performance beyond altering nutrient supply, we also tested whether organic matter removal differentially affected AM and EM seedlings.

Nitrogen availability was six times lower and the soil organic layer three times deeper in oak‐dominated stands compared to mixed stands. Foliar N was lower for AM seedlings growing in oak than in mixed forest, but did not differ for oak seedlings and was increased only marginally by N addition for both AM and EM seedlings growing in both AM and EM forests. Seedling growth did not respond to N addition or organic matter removal. However, AM seedlings generally grew slower in oak forest compared with AM forest, consistent with lower foliar N concentration and low‐light availability. These results suggest that changes in soil nitrogen availability have a limited effect on seedling growth.

In the neotropics, EM tree communities occur at high elevation. Future upslope migration of trees may result in AM‐dominated tree communities encountering unfavourable soil conditions generated by EM‐dominated canopies. While longer term experiments are needed, our results suggest that AM seedlings may not be able to tolerate conditions associated with EM forest.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Complex trait‒environment relationships underlie the structure of forest plant communities
Authors: Rolhauser Andrés G. , Waller Donald M. , Tucker Caroline M.
Published: August 2021

Traits differentially adapt plant species to particular conditions generating compositional shifts along environmental gradients. As a result, community‐scale trait values show concomitant shifts, termed trait‒environment relationships. Trait‒environment relationships are often assessed by evaluating community‐weighted mean (CWM) traits observed along environmental gradients. Regression‐based approaches (CWMr) assume that local communities exhibit traits centred at a single optimum value and that traits do not covary meaningfully. Evidence suggests that the shape of trait‒abundance relationships can vary widely along environmental gradients—reflecting complex interactions—and traits are usually interrelated. We used a model that accounts for these factors to explore trait‒environment relationships in herbaceous forest plant communities in Wisconsin (USA).

We built a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to analyse how abundances of 185 species distributed among 189 forested sites vary in response to four functional traits (vegetative height—VH, leaf size—LS, leaf mass per area—LMA and leaf carbon content), six environmental variables describing overstorey, soil and climate conditions, and their interactions. The GLMM allowed us to assess the nature and relative strength of the resulting 24 trait‒environment relationships. We also compared results between GLMM and CWMr to explore how conclusions differ between approaches.

The GLMM identified five significant trait‒environment relationships that together explain ~40% of variation in species abundances across sites. Temperature appeared as a key environmental driver, with warmer and more seasonal sites favouring taller plants. Soil texture and temperature seasonality affected LS and LMA; seasonality effects on LS and LMA were nonlinear, declining at more seasonal sites. Although often assumed for CWMr, only some traits under certain conditions had centred optimum trait‒abundance relationships. CWMr more liberally identified (13) trait‒environment relationships as significant but failed to detect the temperature seasonality‒LMA relationship identified by the GLMM.

Synthesis. Although GLMM represents a more methodologically complex approach than CWMr, it identified a reduced set of trait‒environment relationships still capable of accounting for the responses of forest understorey herbs to environmental gradients. It also identified separate effects of mean and seasonal temperature on LMA that appear important in these forests, generating useful insights and supporting broader application of GLMM approach to understand trait‒environment relationships.
The Rhodes Statue: Honour, Shame and Responsibility
Authors: Stemplowska Zofia
Published: August 2021

Oriel College persists in displaying a statue of Cecil Rhodes, despite his role in British colonialism and despite opposition from the Rhodes Must Fall movement. This article considers arguments in support of Oriel's position—including three versions of the charge that removing the statue might distort history—and show that they all fail. I argue that the conclusion that the statue should be removed, despite possible costs and complexity, follows once we realise that the statue makes demands on our attention and once we correctly understand that the descendants of those previously oppressed by Rhodes and who are currently subject to racism have a special insight, standing and claim to shape the environment in which they study, work and live.
Propionic acid bacteria in the food industry: An update on essential traits and detection methods
Authors: Bücher Carola , Burtscher Johanna , Domig Konrad J.
Published: August 2021

Propionic acid bacteria (PAB) is an umbrella term for a group of bacteria with the ability to produce propionic acid. In the past, due to this common feature and other phenotypic similarities, genetically heterogeneous bacteria were considered as a single genus, Propionibacterium. Members of this genus ranged from “dairy propionibacteria,” which are widely known for their role in eye and flavor formation in cheese production, to “cutaneous propionibacteria,” which are primarily associated with human skin. In 2016, the introduction of two new genera based on genotypic data facilitated a clear separation of cutaneous (Cutibacterium spp.) from dairy PAB (Propionibacterium spp., Acidipropionibacterium spp.). In light of these taxonomic changes, but with particular emphasis on dairy PAB, this review describes the current state of knowledge about metabolic pathways and other characteristics such as antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. In addition, the relevance of dairy PAB for the food industry and cheese production in particular is highlighted. Furthermore, methods for cultivation, detection, and enumeration are reviewed, incorporating the current taxonomy as well as the potential for routine applications.
Qualitative examination of the attitudes of healthcare workers in Turkey regarding COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Aci Ozgur Sema , Kackin Ozlem , Karaaslan Selver , Ciydem Emre
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The attitudes of healthcare workers toward COVID‐19 vaccines ensure that health services are able to run without interruption and potentially have a role in the messaging about vaccination that they convey to the public. Hence, healthcare workers’ attitudes ultimately have a significant role in controlling the pandemic. This study aimed to qualitatively investigate the attitudes of healthcare workers in Turkey in relation to COVID‐19 vaccines.

Methods

The study used the phenomenological approach. The sample consisted of 36 healthcare workers who were employed during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data were collected online using focus group interviews. A total of four focus group interviews were conducted.

Findings

Following analysis of the data, the attitudes of healthcare workers in Turkey toward the COVID‐19 vaccine were divided into three themes: “influencing factors,” “priority group” and “trust.”

Conclusions

Vaccination was found to create negative emotions among some of the healthcare workers. Their opinions about the COVID‐19 vaccines were affected by the negative emotions and burnout they experienced during the pandemic. In addition, they saw the vaccination process as impacted by contraindications and uncertainty about the duration of the protection, the balance of the benefits and harm of the vaccines, and by vaccine myths and prejudices about the country where the vaccine was developed. Healthcare professionals expressed the need for trust to be established in the whole vaccination process. They suggested that different vaccine options should be offered, that the appointment and process notification system for vaccination should be improved, that evidence‐based information about vaccines should be provided and that a safe environment should be created.

Practice Implications

Vaccine hesitancy can be addressed by careful attention to the application of vaccination programs, correct and effective use of social media, transparent, and precise management of political processes, and the provision of evidence‐based information about the vaccines.
Accuracy of a rapid glial fibrillary acidic protein/ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase L1 test for the prediction of intracranial injuries on head computed tomography after mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bazarian Jeffrey J. , Welch Robert D. , Caudle Krista , Jeffrey Craig A. , Chen James Y. , Chandran Raj , McCaw Tamara , Datwyler Saul A. , Zhang Hongwei , McQuiston Beth
Published: August 2021

Objective

The objective was to determine the accuracy of a new, rapid blood test combining measurements of both glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH‐L1) for predicting acute traumatic intracranial injury (TII) on head CT scan after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Methods

Analysis of banked venous plasma samples from subjects completing the Prospective Clinical Evaluation of Biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury (ALERT‐TBI) trial, enrolled 2012–2014 at 22 investigational sites in the United States and Europe. All subjects were ≥18 years old, presented to an emergency department (ED) with a nonpenetrating head injury and Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) 9–15 (mild to moderate TBI), underwent head CT scanning as part of their clinical care, and had blood sampling within 12 h of injury. Plasma concentrations of GFAP and UCH‐L1 were measured using i‐STAT Alinity and TBI plasma cartridge and compared to acute TII on head CT scan.

Results

Of the 2011 subjects enrolled in ALERT‐TBI, 1918 had valid CT scans and plasma specimens for testing and 1901 (99.1%) had GCS 13–15 (mTBI), for which the rapid test was intended. Among these subjects, the rapid test had a sensitivity of 0.958 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.906 to 0.982), specificity of 0.404 (95% CI = 0.382 to 0.427), negative predictive value of 0.993 (95% CI = 0.985 to 0.997), and positive predictive value of 0.098 (95% CI = 0.082 to 0.116) for acute TII.

Conclusions

A rapid i‐STAT–based test had high sensitivity for prediction of acute TII, comparable to lab‐based platforms. The speed, portability, and high accuracy of this test may facilitate clinical adoption of brain biomarker testing as an aid to head CT decision making in EDs.
Abundance and effects of climate change on geographical distribution of Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels (Apocynaceae) in the Dahomey Gap (West Africa)
Authors: Vihotogbé Romaric , Idohou Rodrigue , Vianou Aldrich , Spies Paula , Salako Valère , Assogbadjo Achille , Glèlè Kakaï Romain
Published: August 2021

African healthcare system depends upon indigenous medicinal plants, harvested wild and traded for significant income generation. Mondia whitei, one of these plants, is threatened by over‐exploitation, climate change and unsustainable land use management. Detailed knowledge is lacking regarding the species' conservation—driving forces and preservation of its ecological niche within fragile ecological regions. This study assessed the influence of the land use types on the abundance of M. whitei and the spatio‐temporal evolution of its ecological niche in the Dahomey Gap. The abundance of the species was evaluated in different land use systems. Available bioclimatic and soil layers were used for the distribution modelling. Results showed that M. whitei was mainly found in three land use systems: cropland, fallow and forests. Density of adults averaged 281.5 ± 99.1, 323.2 ± 93.9 and 305.9 ± 154 individuals/ha in fallow, forest and cropland, respectively. For juveniles, density was on average of 222.2 ± 205.7 individuals/ha in cropland vs 59.3 ± 71.8 and 57.4 ± 94.1 individuals/ha in forest and fallow, respectively. The majority of the species distribution will possibly remain stable with some expansion under future climates. Persistence of the species' niche in the Dahomey Gap under climate change indicates its potential as a contributor to future livelihood improvement, via local health care and the strengthening of local economy.
A cannulated prolactin series reduces the need for further investigations in women with infertility and lowers the number of false positive screening prolactin measurements
Authors: Searle Leigh , McDowell Simon , Willink Robin , Krebs Jeremy
Published: August 2021

Background

The prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in women presenting for infertility investigation has been found to be up to 17%, and many of these women are asymptomatic. Prolactin levels may be elevated by stress, including phlebotomy and not be of clinical significance. A cannulated prolactin study may be a useful way to discriminate this.

Aim

To determine the utility of a cannulated prolactin series in women presenting with infertility who have a raised prolactin measurement at referral for first fertility consultation.

Materials and Methods

All women referred to two fertility centres had a prolactin level measured prior to first appointment over a two‐year period. If the level remained elevated on the second measure after macroprolactin precipitation, women were referred for a cannulated prolactin series. If the prolactin concentration fell within the reference range during the series then the result was regarded as normal.

Results

Forty‐four (2.7%) of 1660 women seen for a first specialist appointment had persistently raised prolactin concentrations after two samples and were referred for a cannulated series. The proportion of women whose prolactin was found to be normal during the cannulated prolactin series was 61% (95% CI 47–74%). Even in patients with a referral prolactin of greater than 1000 mU/L, 45% had a normal two‐hour cannulated series.

Conclusion

A high proportion (61%) of women with raised prolactin at time of referral for first specialist appointment had a normal prolactin after a two‐hour cannulated series. A cannulated prolactin study can avoid unnecessary further investigations in these women.
An exploration of the current challenges in social work education in Mainland China
Authors: Yuen‐han Mo Kitty , Tak‐Mau Chan Simon
Published: August 2021

Social work education is facing multiple difficulties and challenges in Mainland China. Partly because of a dearth of national studies on the viewpoints of social work educators to explore the alternatives, this qualitative study tried to fill in the gap to interview 23 social work educators to investigate into the issue. Twenty‐three cities, across two municipalities, two autonomous regions, and 11 provinces were covered to provide a full picture of national education practices and trends.
Numbers of spontaneous reports: How to use and interpret?
Authors: Kant Agnes , van Hunsel Florence , van Puijenbroek Eugene
Published: August 2021

Due to the high intensity of the COVID‐19 vaccination campaigns and heightened attention for safety issues, the number of spontaneous reports has surged. In the Netherlands, pharmacovigilance centre Lareb has received more than 100 000 reports on adverse events following immunization (AEFI) associated with Covid‐19 vaccination. It is tempting to interpret absolute numbers of reports of AEFIs in signal detection. Signal detection of spontaneously reported adverse drug reactions has its origin in case‐by‐case analysis, where all case reports are assessed by clinically qualified assessors. The concept of clinical review of cases—even if only a few per country—followed by sharing concerns of suspicions of potential adverse reactions again proved the strength of the system. Disproportionality analysis can be useful in signal identification, and comparing reported cases with expected based on background incidence can be useful to support signal detection. However, they cannot be used without an in‐depth analysis of the underlying clinical data and pharmacological mechanism. This in‐depth analysis has been performed, and is ongoing, for the signal of vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) in relation to the AstraZeneca and Janssen Covid‐19 vaccines. Although not frequency or incidence rates, reporting rates can provide an impression of the occurrence of the event. But the unknown underreporting should also be part of this context. To quantify the incidence rates, follow‐up epidemiological studies are needed.
How we(’ll) treat paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria: diving into the future
Authors: Risitano Antonio Maria , Peffault de Latour Régis
Published: August 2021

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is characterized by complement‐mediated intravascular haemolysis, severe thrombophilia and bone marrow failure. While for patients with bone marrow failure the treatment follows that of immune‐mediated aplastic anaemia, that of classic, haemolytic PNH is based on anti‐complement medication. The anti‐C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab has revolutionized treatment, resulting in control of intravascular haemolysis and thromboembolic risk, with improved long‐term survival. Novel strategies of complement inhibition are emerging. New anti‐C5 agents reproduce the safety and efficacy of eculizumab, with improved patient convenience. Proximal complement inhibitors have been developed to address C3‐mediated extra‐vascular haemolysis and seem to improve haematological response.