bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran, Pengendalian Akuntansi, dan Sistem Pelaporan terhadap Akuntabilitas Kinerja
Authors: Ariyandani Nur , Chalid Lukman , Umar Nur Alam
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sejauh mana pengaruh kejelasan sasaran anggaran, pengendalian akuntansi, dan sistem pelaporan terhadap akuntabilitas kinerja Kecamatan Mariso Kota Makassar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan dilaksanakan pada 36 pegawai Kecamatan Mariso Kota Makassar. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan bantuan program SPSS versi 24. Teknik sampling yang dipakai adalah purposive sampling dan teknik pengujian data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi Uji asumsi klasik dan analisis regresi linier berganda, untuk menguji dan membuktikan hipotesis penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan kejelasan sasaran anggaran, pengendalian akuntansi, dan pengendalian akuntansi berpengaruh terhadap akuntabilitas kinerja dan secara parsial yang berpengaruh dominan terhadap akuntabilitas kinerja adalah sistem pelaporan.

This study aims to analyze the extent of the influence of clarity of budget targets, accounting controls, and reporting systems on the performance accountability of Mariso District of Makassar. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and carried out on 36 employees of Mariso District Makassar City. Data analysis in this study used SPSS version 24. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and data testing techniques used in this study include the classic assumption test and multiple linear regression analysis, to test and prove the research hypothesis. The analysis shows that simultaneous clarity of budget targets, accounting controls, and accounting controls influences performance accountability and partially the dominant effect on performance accountability is the reporting system.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Kantor Pengawasan dan Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean B Makassar
Authors: Muchlis Muchlis , Mus Abdul Rahman , Imaduddin Imaduddin
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Kompetensi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Kantor Pengawasan dan Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean B Makassar yang terdiri dari pengetahuan, keterampilan, sikap kerja dan pengalaman kerja pegawai Kantor Pengawasan dan Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean B Makassar dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 112 orang. Metode dalam pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif dan metode kuantitatif yaitu dengan analisis regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan uji F variabel bebas (pengetahuan, keterampilan, sikap kerja dan pengalaman kerja) secara bersama-sama memilki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel terikat (kinerja pegawai). Melalui pengujian koefisien korelasi (R) diperoleh bahwa tingkat korelasi atau hubungan antara kompetensi (pengetahuan, keterampilan, sikap kerja danpPengalaman kerja) terhadap kinerja pegawai merupakan hubungan yang tinggi yaitu 86.5% dan sikap kerja merupakan faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai Kantor Pengawasan dan Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean B Makassar.

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of Employee Performance Against Competencies at the Supervision and Service Office (KPPBC) Type of B Customs Madya Makassar that consists of knowledge, skills, attitude and experience of work employees at the Supervision and Service Office (KPPBC) Type of B Customs Madya Makassar with number of samples as much as 112 people. Method of data collection in this study is a questionnaire, interviews and documentation. Methods of data analysis using the method of descriptive and quantitative methods with multiple linear regression. Based on a test of the free variable F (knowledge, skills, attitudes and work experience) together have a positive and significant influence against a variable is bound (the performance of the employee). Through testing (R) correlation coefficient obtained that level of correlation or relationship between Competencies (knowledge, skills, attitudes and work experience) against the performance of the employees is a high relationship i.e., 86.5% and work attitude is the most dominant factor influencing the performance of Employees at the Supervision and Service Office (KPPBC) Type of B Customs Madya Makassar.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Motivasi Dan Budaya Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Ambassador Zulias Kabupaten Wajo
Authors: Sirajuddin Andi Muchlis , Mus Abdul Rahman , Arfah Aryati
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk: (1). menganalisis Pengaruh kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Ambassador Zulias Kab. Wajo. (2). menganalisis Pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Ambassador Zulias Kab. Wajo. (3). menganalisis Pengaruh budaya kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Ambassador Zulias Kab. Wajo Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Karyawan PT. Ambassador Zulias Kab. Wajo sebanyak 32 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variable Kepemimpinan (X1) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. (2) variabel Motivasi (X2) berpengaruh secara negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. (3) variabel Budaya Kerja (X3) berpengaruh secara negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan.
This research was conducted with the aim to: (1). analyze the effect of leadership on the performance of employees of PT. Ambassador Zulias Kab. Wow. (2). analyze the effect of motivation on the performance of employees of PT. Ambassador Zulias Kab. Wow. (3). analyze the effect of work culture on the performance of employees of PT. Ambassador Zulias Kab. Wajo. The sample used in this study was PT. Ambassador Zulias Kab. Wajo as many as 32 peopletThe results of this study indicate that: (1) The results of the study indicate that the Leadership variable (X1) has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. (2) Motivation variable (X2) has a negative and insignificant effect on employee performance. (3) Work Culture variable (X3) has negative and insignificant effect on employee performance
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi, dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Cabang Daya Makassar
Authors: Multazam Multazam , Kamase Jeni , Hasbi Hasbi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan, motivasi, dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Bank Mandiri Cabang Daya Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini, yaitu penelitian asosiatif. Ada beberapa variabel yang dihubungkan dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel Gaya Kepemimpinan (X1), Motivasi (X2), Disiplin Kerja (X3), dan Kinerja Karyawan (Y). Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder . Data primer merupakan data yang diperoleh langsung dari responden dan data sekunder merupakan data yang diperoleh dari dokumen yang didapat dari PT. Bank Mandiri Cabang Daya Makassar untuk mendukung penelitian. Teknik analisis penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif dan regresi linier berganda dengan populasi dan sampel yang berjumlah sama, yaitu 31 orang. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan, motivasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan Pada PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, Cabang Daya Makassar.
This study aims to determine the effect of leadership style, motivation, and work discipline on employee performance at PT. Bank Mandiri Branch Daya Makassar. This type of research, namely associative research. There are several variables that are linked in this study, namely the variable Leadership Style (X1), Motivation (X2), Work Discipline (X3), and Employee Performance (Y). The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained directly from respondents and secondary data is data obtained from documents obtained from PT. Bank Mandiri Daya Makassar Branch to support research. The analysis technique of this research uses descriptive analysis techniques and multiple linear regression with the same population and sample, namely 31 people. The results of this study indicate that leadership style affects employee performance, motivation affects employee performance and work discipline affects employee performance at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, Daya Makassar Branch.
Pierre Bourdieu Sosyolojisi ve Spor Alanının İnşası
Authors: Bozlu Birtan
Published: March 2021

Sports or the practice of sporting have progressed in parallel with the history of humanity, just as they have developed in parallel with humanity. The sports field, which has a growing interest in social life, has started to occupy the field of social science in time. Since the mid-1900s, sports have become a sub-field of sociology and been discussed in various methodological and theoretical aspects by many people. Especially since the 1980s, Pierre Bourdieu has been one of the important figures whose sociological perspective is utilized in the field of sports sociology. Especially, the “metaphor of playing” that he put forward by gathering his theoretical perspective in one frame shows a serious parallelism with the sociality of sports. Bourdieu's concepts of field, habitus and capital, which constitute the trivet of the theory of action and draws attention to the emphasis on the construction processes, historicity and autonomy of the field are frequently used in studies by researchers working in the field of sports in order to reveal how the sports field is built in social space and with which network of relationships it exists. For this reason, the development processes, the possibilities of Bourdieu's theoretical framework for, and Bourdieu's explanations on the sociology of sports, and how to build a sports field in a social space are discussed.
The development of nurses’ core competencies and the analysis of validity and importance-performance
Authors: Seomun GyeongAe , Bang Kyung-Sook , Kim Hee Sook , Yoo Cheong Sook , Kim Woon Kyung , Park Jin Kyung
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop nurses’ core competencies and sub-competencies and to verify the validity and importance-performance of core competencies.Methods: The core competencies of nurses were derived through an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as a literature analysis of domestic and foreign accreditation institutions. Validity and importance-performance analyses were conducted on the core competencies derived from nursing colleges nationwide.Results: Six core competencies of nurses were revealed: integration of knowledge and nursing skills, critical thinking, communication, leadership, safety management, and global competency. Further, eighteen sub-competencies were derived. The content validity ratio values for the core competencies were higher than 0.74. Communication skills among multidisciplinary teams and communication skills among nursing teams were shown to be the most important competencies to be improved.Conclusion: The results of this study are meaningful in terms of how the core competencies of nurses were derived and evaluated for the fourth cycle of nursing education accreditation according to the changes of time and culture.
Factors influencing dementia prevention behaviors in older Koreans enrolled in senior welfare centers
Authors: Lim Kyung-Choon , Kim Myoungsuk , Ko Hana
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to explore factors influencing on the preventive behaviors of dementia in older Koreans enrolled in senior welfare centers to provide basic information on dementia prevention.Methods: A total of 182 older Koreans participated in this study, which employed a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using questionnaires with items related to general characteristics, depression, self-esteem, knowledge and attitudes about dementia, preventive behaviors of dementia, dementia management self-efficacy, and anxiety about dementia. Using SPSS WIN 23.0, data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression.Results: Living with a spouse (p=.013), a higher monthly income (p=.018), better nutrition (p=.010), not having a sleep disorder (p<.001), and higher number of participating programs (p=.001) were associated with better dementia prevention behaviors. Attitudes about dementia (β=.18, p=.006) and the number of programs older Koreans were participating in (β=.17, p=.006) influenced positively on the preventive behaviors of dementia, while depression (β=-.41, p<.001) and sleep disorders (β=-.17, p=.006) influenced negatively on dementia preventive behaviors. Overall, approximately 35% of the variability in dementia preventive behaviors was explained by these four variables in this study (F=24.97, p<.001).Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that depression reduction, good attitudes about dementia, program participation, and good sleep should be encouraged to promote dementia prevention. In addition, effective and structured educational programs should be developed for older Koreans to encourage dementia preventive behaviors to reduce the risk of dementia.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of flipped learning among university students in Korea: Self-directed learning, learning motivation, efficacy, and learning achievement
Authors: Kim Shin Hyang , Lim Jong Mi
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on flipped learning effects applied to university students.Methods: The random effect model was applied to 21 papers to calculate the effect size. To verify the moderation effect, a meta regression analysis and meta ANOVA were performed. Publication bias was verified through a funnel plot, and then an Egger's regression test was conducted.Results: The overall average effect size was .69 (95% CI: .51-.87), showing a median effect size, which was statistically significant. The outcome variables were in the order of learning motivation (Hedges’ g=.83), self-directed learning (Hedges’ g=.78), learning achievement (Hedges’ g=.66), and efficacy (Hedges’ g=.50), which were statistically significant.Conclusion: Flipped learning was found to be statistically significant in improving self-directed learning, learning motivation, efficacy, and learning achievement amng university students. It is suggestd that this method be actively applied in university education.
The intervention effect of a nursing-media studies convergence problem-based learning (PBL) program to improve nurses’ public image: Changed perceptions of program participants and students attended a PBL presentation
Authors: Yoo Seungchul , Kang Seungmi , Ryu Jooyeon
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of Problem-based Learning (PBL) in an interdisciplinary college class. This class was run under the theme of ‘Nurse Social Content Creators’ (NSCC) in the Korean Nurses Association (KNA)’s industry-university collaborative project designed to promote a positive image of nurses among the public.Methods: Study 1 examined changes in perception about nurses among the PBL participants before and after the program. A one-group pre-post test experimental design was applied, and the data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Study 2 identified differences of perceptions of nurses between people who had observed the PBL final presentation and people who had not. A post-test-only with nonequivalent group experimental design was used, and the data were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test.Results: Study 1 revealed a significant increase of positive perceptions towards nurses. Study 2 revealed a significant difference between the PBL presentation audience group and the control group. Students who had observed the PBL program showed more positive perceptions of nurses than students who had not.Conclusion: This research is an important study with high practicality in the area of media studies as well as in nursing. The PBL teaching method was proven to be effective in enhancing perceptions of nurses.
Érase una vez...
Authors: Creus Amalia
Published: March 2021

Hace algún tiempo los teléfonos tenían disco, los mapas eran grandes hojas de papel que se doblaban, la música se reproducía en cintas y vinilos, y los disquetes eran nuestros dispositivos para almacenar datos. Como una gran fábrica de nostalgia, los artefactos tecnológicos se tornan obsoletos cada vez más rápido y, en este proceso de cambio, cambian también nuestras formas de pensar, de relacionarnos y de aprender.
A mobile genetic element increases bacterial host fitness by manipulating development
Authors: Jones Joshua M , Grinberg Ilana , Eldar Avigdor , Grossman Alan D
Published: March 2021

Horizontal gene transfer is a major force in bacterial evolution. Mobile genetic elements are responsible for much of horizontal gene transfer and also carry beneficial cargo genes. Uncovering strategies used by mobile genetic elements to benefit host cells is crucial for understanding their stability and spread in populations. We describe a benefit that ICEBs1, an integrative and conjugative element of Bacillus subtilis, provides to its host cells. Activation of ICEBs1 conferred a frequency-dependent selective advantage to host cells during two different developmental processes: biofilm formation and sporulation. These benefits were due to inhibition of biofilm-associated gene expression and delayed sporulation by ICEBs1-containing cells, enabling them to exploit their neighbors and grow more prior to development. A single ICEBs1 gene, devI (formerly ydcO), was both necessary and sufficient for inhibition of development. Manipulation of host developmental programs allows ICEBs1 to increase host fitness, thereby increasing propagation of the element.
An integrative approach to infer systematic relationships and define species groups in the shrub frog genusRaorchestes, with description of five new species from the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Garg Sonali , Suyesh Robin , Das Sandeep , Bee Mark A. , Biju S. D.
Published: March 2021

The genusRaorchestesis a large radiation of Old World tree frogs for which the Western Ghats in Peninsular India is the major center for origin and diversification. Extensive studies on this group during the past two decades have resolved long-standing taxonomic confusions and uncovered several new species, resulting in a four-fold increase in the number of knownRaorchestesfrogs from this region. Our ongoing research has revealed another five new species in the genus, formally described asRaorchestes drutaahusp. nov.,Raorchestes kakkayamensissp. nov.,Raorchestes keirasabinaesp. nov.,Raorchestes sanjappaisp. nov., andRaorchestes vellikkannansp. nov., all from the State of Kerala in southern Western Ghats. Based on new collections, we also provide insights on the taxonomic identity of three previously known taxa. Furthermore, since attempts for an up-to-date comprehensive study of this taxonomically challenging genus using multiple integrative taxonomic approaches have been lacking, here we review the systematic affinities of all knownRaorchestesspecies and define 16 species groups based on evidence from multi-gene (2,327 bp) phylogenetic analyses, several morphological characters (including eye colouration and pattern), and acoustic parameters (temporal and spectral properties, as well as calling height). The results of our study present novel insights to facilitate a better working taxonomy for this rather speciose and morphologically conserved radiation of shrub frogs. This will further enable proper field identification, provide momentum for multi-disciplinary studies, as well as assist conservation of one of the most colourful and acoustically diverse frog groups of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot.
Propriedade Industrial em Alagoas: uma Análise dos Depósitos de Marcas em Alagoas
Authors: Baro Andreia RodriguesFerreira , Amorim José Francisco Oliveira de
Published: March 2021

A proposta deste artigo é mostrar os aspectos relevantes acerca do registro de marcas no Brasil e, em especial, o panorama alagoano. O objetivo é analisar os dados que permeiam os pedidos de registro de marca no Estado de Alagoas, as questões sobre competitividade das organizações e o papel fundamental da marca para o desenvolvimento da empresa e do ambiente em que ela está inserida. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram utilizados como materiais como relatórios estatísticos, manuais de procedimentos, textos legais e obras voltadas ao tema. Após a análise da conjuntura nacional e regional, foi realizada a análise dos materiais com a finalidade de demonstrar os aspectos mencionados. Conclui-se que é perceptível o avanço na proteção de marcas em Alagoas devido aos investimentos e às ações do mercado, tornando clara a ideia de competitividade, já que a marca é utilizada como parâmetro fundamental acima da simples proteção.
Editorial
Authors: Legat Angelo Luiz Maurios
Published: March 2021

          Nesta edição da Revista Cadernos de Prospecção, teremos a oportunidade e o privilégio de ter acesso a temas de extrema relevância. Propriedade Intelectual, Inovação, Transferência de Tecnologia, Interação ICT-Empresa, estudos prospectivos e demais assuntos que fazem parte do cotidiano de gestores de NIT e de profissionais desta área tão rica e diversa.

          Nos meus doze anos de vida dedicado ao trabalho de gestor de NIT e, atualmente, Gerente de PI e TT, cada vez mais me convenço que o profissional desta área, é ou deve ser, uma pessoa dotada de habilidades e competências “multi-tarefas”. Ao atendermos o pesquisador/inventor (seja ele de que área for), no momento de avaliação preliminar de um pedido de patente, por exemplo, devemos ter a sensibilidade do ouvir primeiro e perguntar depois. Como não “somos da área” do pesquisador/inventor, manifestamos o nosso parecer sobre a ideia ou sobre o resultado de uma pesquisa que acabamos de ouvir, com muito tato e cautela (neste momento assumimos a persona de um Psicólogo).

          Num segundo momento, assumimos a persona do investigador que procura e faz uso de “ferramentas de busca”, as quais visam subsidiar tecnicamente uma decisão sobre patenteabilidade.

 Num terceiro momento, quase que nos tornamos um pesquisador da área, quando revisamos e analisamos a redação de um pedido de patente (obviamente que sobre aspectos formais e de estrutura, sem entrar no mérito científico e tecnológico).

          Num quarto momento, assumimos o papel do negociador ou do “cara” que vai achar uma empresa interessada em comprar um produto patenteado, prospectar cenários e tendências, definir estratégias para licenciar esta tecnologia da maneira mais segura e rentável para todos os envolvidos no processo (pesquisador, ICT, empresa) e, por fim, gestionar os devidos royalties por muitos e muitos anos.

          Esta singela rotina administrativa que acabo de ilustrar, traz consigo a mensagem de que o gestor de NIT ou do profissional que atua nesta área, deve estar e se manter “antenado” e aberto a todos os tipos de desafios que o mundo da inovação e do desenvolvimento tecnológico nos apresenta todo dia. Neste sentido o Cadernos de Prospecção é uma excelente opção para nos mantermos um passo à frente. Luz e Sabedoria em nossas decisões!!!
CADÊ O TEMPO QUE ESTAVA AQUI?: REFLEXÕES SOBRE AS CONCEPÇÕES DE TEMPO ANTES E DURANTE A SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Souza Marcela Reinhardt de
Published: March 2021

Neste ensaio, aborda-se conceitos sobre a sociedade atual, chamada de informacional por Castells (2006) e de modernidade líquida por Bauman (2001). Relaciona as percepções das pessoas com o tempo em seus momentos de lazer e como estão próximos da informação, em uma comparação com o período anterior à sociedade da informação. Divide-se em duas partes, a primeira resgata em estudos históricos a relação das pessoas com o tempo desde a Idade Média; a segunda parte apresenta relações atuais de como as pessoas lidam com a tecnologia e a informação e como se sentem quanto ao passar do tempo. Ao longo dos anos as rotinas das pessoas se alteraram, logo seus sentimentos quanto ao tempo disponível diante do excesso de informação a que estamos submetidos.
Chromosome Synapsis and Recombination in Cereals
Authors: Orr Jamie N. , Lewandowska Dominika , Waugh Robbie , Colas Isabelle
Published: March 2021

Crops are under constant pressure due to climate change imposing dramatic changes in rainfall, temperature, and soil salinity. They are also under high stress due to pests and diseases, costing yield, and income loss to farmers. Thus, there is a need to create more resilient varieties. New favourable allelic combinations are achieved via homologous recombination during a process called meiosis. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and recombine; but crossover (CO) sites are rare, limiting the creation of valuable allelic recombinants. In large genome crops, such as barley or wheat, crossovers are not only scarce (2 or 3 per chromosome), they are also mainly located at the ends of the chromosomes, leaving 20–30% of genes in the pericentromeric region which breeding cannot exploit (https://youtu.be/XyMhyeWMZl4). The use of downregulated lines for specific meiotic gene candidates (e.g. RECQ4) has shown successful and promising translational research from the model plantArabidopsis thalianato crops, raising hopes for using this approach in breeding programs. The development of new tools, technologies, and protocols have demonstrated new insights into the progression of meiosis crops – highlighting unique meiotic phenomena not observed inArabidopsis– and revealed a higher cost of meiotic mutants on fertility than previously thought suggesting a more intricate relationship between meiotic events. In this article, we have selected a number of studies to show the relationship between synaptonemal complex formation and the recombination machinery.
Plant–Soil Modelling
Authors: Ruiz Siul , Fletcher Daniel M. , Williams Katherine , Roose Tiina
Published: March 2021

Plant–soil models have been rapidly developing to address several of the world's growing needs (e.g. food security, climate change, and sustainable infrastructure). With the vast pool of literature available, this article provides a broad overview of the different modelling methodologies and techniques tailored for specific needs and expertise. We partition three categories of contemporary modelling methodologies: distribution based, architecture based, and image based. We overview the different modelling techniques employed for root growth, nutrient acquisition, and water uptake and designate modelling schemes for potential beneficiaries. Subsequently, we explore modelling work pertaining to root–soil mechanical interactions. We describe the mechanics associated with roots growing through soil and benefits provided by roots with respect to slope reinforcement. Lastly, we describe how these different models can enhance our understanding of fundamental problems.
Sugar Metabolism in Climacteric and Non‐Climacteric Melon
Authors: Stroka Marília A. , Schemberger Michelle O. , Ayub Ricardo A.
Published: March 2021

Sugar content is one of the most important quality attributes of melon fruits. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the process of sucrose accumulation is essential for possible genetic improvements and optimal fruit cultivation, especially with regard to differences intrinsic to climacteric and non‐climacteric fruits. The climacteric physiology and biochemistry are better understood, while with non‐climacteric fruits many gaps remain. This article focuses on the metabolic pathway of the Raffinose family oligosaccharides in melon fruits from different maturation groups, with an emphasis on potential candidates for manipulation, such as the different genes of sucrose synthase, invertase inhibitors, genes involved in sucrose hydrolysis‐resynthesis, and of the trehalose pathway, recently reported. Such insights may contribute to the understanding of the sucrose accumulation process and its variety‐dependent factors and point new directions for the development of technologies that will increase the quality of the melon fruits and of the entire Cucurbitaceae family.
A Novel Soft‐Magnetic B2‐Based Multiprincipal‐Element Alloy with a Uniform Distribution of Coherent Body‐Centered‐Cubic Nanoprecipitates
Authors: Ma Yue , Wang Qing , Zhou Xuyang , Hao Jiamiao , Gault Baptiste , Zhang Qingyu , Dong Chuang , Nieh T. G.
Published: March 2021

Multiprincipal‐element alloys (MPEAs), including high‐entropy alloys, are a new class of materials whose thermodynamical properties are mainly driven by configuration entropy, rather than enthalpy in the traditional alloys, especially at high temperatures. Herein, the design of a novel soft‐magnetic nonequiatomic, quaternary MPEA is described, via tuning its chemical composition to deliberately manipulate its microstructure, such that it contains ultrafine ferromagnetic body‐centered‐cubic (BCC) coherent nanoprecipitates (3–7 nm) uniformly distributed in a B2‐phase matrix. The new alloy Al1.5Co4Fe2Cr exhibits high saturation magnetization (MS = 135.3 emu g‐1), low coercivity (HC = 127.3 A m‐1), high Curie temperature (TC = 1061 K), and high electrical resistivity (ρ  = 244 μΩ cm), promising for soft magnets. More importantly, these prominent soft‐magnetic properties are observed to be retained even after the alloy is thermally exposed at 873 K for 555 h, apparently attributable to the excellent stability of the coherent microstructure. The versatility of the magnetic properties of this new alloy is discussed in light of the microstructural change induced by tuning the chemical composition, and the enhanced performance of the alloy is compared directly with that of the traditional soft‐magnetic alloys. The perspective is also addressed to design high‐performance soft‐magnetic alloys for high‐temperature applications.
Janus Membranes with Asymmetric Wettability Applied in Oil/Water Emulsion Separations
Authors: Zhang Rong , Sun Yihan , Guo Zhiguang , Liu Weimin
Published: March 2021

With frequent oil spill accidents and the large amount of oily wastewater produced in various industrial and domestic processes, the separation of emulsified oil/water mixtures has become an important topic in environmental protection. Janus membranes with asymmetric wettability stand out among many separation materials for their switchable separation, high separation efficiency, low energy consumption, good repeatability, and durability. In recent years, Janus membranes have developed rapidly, but their separation principles and advantages and disadvantages compared with other separation methods in oil/water emulsion are rarely reviewed. Here, the classification of Janus membranes based on special wettability is summarized. According to the different separation principles, this paper focuses on the research and application of Janus membranes in oil/water emulsions based on the size sieving effect, the charge‐screening effect, coalescence, and differential pressure. The advantages and disadvantages of Janus membrane application in oil/water emulsion are shown after comparing with the separation materials based on filtration, absorption, and electric demulsification. Finally, some challenges and prospects are presented for the future development of Janus membranes.
Fair and Balanced Is in the Eyes Of the Mediation Parties. Not Yours
Authors: Creo Robert A.
Published: March 2021

My perspective is that concepts of impartiality have been historically improperly conflated with how the mediation process is conducted on the facilitative, elicitive, evaluative‐to‐directive continuum.
A comparative analysis of habitat quality between artificial and natural creeks in the Mediterranean killifish Aphanius fasciatus: Implications for conservation
Authors: Cavraro Francesco , Finotti Giada , Rossato Giulia , Zucchetta Matteo , Facca Chiara , Malavasi Stefano
Published: March 2021

In transitional water ecosystems, habitat loss is one of the major threats to fish biodiversity. This is particularly true in the case of temperate salt marshes. Good quality artificial novel habitats may compensate for the loss of natural habitats, acting as a refuge for fish populations.

The aim of this study was to use coloured ornamental traits exhibited by the males of a small lagoon‐resident fish, the Mediterranean killifish Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821), to assess habitat quality in both the natural and artificial creeks of the Venice lagoon.

The conspicuousness of two secondary sexual traits, the yellow/orange caudal fin pigmentation and the contrast between white and dark vertical bars on body sides, proved to be greater in artificial habitats compared to natural salt marshes, highlighting the refuge function of artificial creeks.

The use of secondary sexual traits could be extended to other fish species and to other aquatic habitats as a non‐invasive approach. This would allow the identification of good quality habitats in the context of fish population management and conservation.
A brief overview on the application and sources of α‐amylase and expression hosts properties in order to production of recombinant α‐amylase
Authors: Movahedpour Ahmad , Asadi Marzieh , Khatami Seyyed Hossein , Taheri‐Anganeh Mortaza , Adelipour Maryam , Shabaninejad Zahra , Ahmadi Nahid , Irajie Cambyz , Mousavi Pegah
Published: March 2021

By reducing the activation energy, enzymes accelerate the chemical reaction; therefore, they are good alternative for industrial catalysts. Amylase is a suitable enzyme as a catalyst for the chemical decomposition of starch. This enzyme is of great importance, and its production is highly profitable. α‐Amylase is among the most important amylases produced naturally by animals, plants, and microorganisms. Still, the α‐amylases produced by bacteria have a special place in industry and commerce. Moreover, a large volume of this enzyme can be produced by selecting an appropriate and optimized host to clone and express the α‐amylase gene. The present study briefly reviews the structure, application, sources, and hosts used to produce recombinant α‐amylase.
Combined effect of NaCl and resting on dough rheology of Chinese traditional hand‐stretched dried noodles and the underlying mechanism
Authors: Wang Jin‐Rong , Guo Xiao‐Na , Yang Zhen , Xing Jun‐Jie , Zhu Ke‐Xue
Published: March 2021

Background and objectives

Chinese traditional hand‐stretched dried noodles (CHDN) have been a staple for thousands of years in China and are increasing popular worldwide. NaCl and resting play key roles in the production of CHDN. This study was designed to investigate the combined effect of salt addition and resting on rheology of CHDN dough.

Findings

The results of our study showed that the storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), Tanδ, and extensional property of dough increased with the increased levels of NaCl and peaked at 4% NaCl. These changes were due to that salt promoted the aggregation of gluten in dough by increasing the hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions among gluten subunits. The resting process resulted in decreased G′, G″, and extensional strength, while it increased Tanδ, extensibility, and the extensional area, and these were caused by gluten relaxation and gliadin aggregation. The increased addition of NaCl accelerated the change in small deformation rheology of dough during resting but decelerated the change in extensional property.

Conclusions

Increased salt additions could increase the extensibility and extensional strength of rested dough and extend the changing time in extensional property of CHDN dough during resting. In conclusion, increased salt addition would enhance the processing property and extend the resting time of dough during the production of CHDN.

Significance and novelty

The combined effect of NaCl addition and resting on the rheology of the dough for CHDN preparation and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. This study provides insights into the production of CHDN.
Large infected pulmonary cyst mimicking empyema thoracis
Authors: Kang Do Kyun , Kang Min Kyun , Heo Woon , Hwang Youn‐Ho
Published: March 2021

Infected pulmonary cyst could be misdiagnosed as empyema thoracis. Here, we report an infected pulmonary cyst in a middle‐aged male patient. This report could serve as a reminder for differential diagnosis of infected pulmonary cyst, for which surgical approach would be more safe and effective method.
Irreversible Bildung von Nebenprodukten bei der Synthese von Poly(oxymethylen)dimethylethern
Authors: Voggenreiter Johannes , Burger Jakob
Published: March 2021

Poly(oxymethylen)dimethylether gewinnen aufgrund ihrer guten Verbrennungseigenschaften zunehmend Interesse als potenzielle Dieselkraftstoffe. Bei der Synthese aus Methanol und Formaldehyd spielen Nebenprodukte jedoch eine wichtige Rolle für die Auslegung und Machbarkeit des Prozesses. Diese Arbeit präsentiert experimentelle Daten für die Bildung der Nebenprodukte Trioxan, Methylformiat und Ameisensäure unter verschiedenen Reaktionsbedingungen. Darüber hinaus wird ein kinetisches Modell aus der Literatur um die beobachteten Nebenreaktionen erweitert.
The direct and indirect effects of COVID‐19 pandemic in a real‐life hematological setting
Authors: Condom Maria , Mussetti Alberto , Maluquer Clara , Parody Rocío , González‐Barca Eva , Arnan Montserrat , Albasanz‐Puig Adaia , Pomares Helena , Salas Maria Queralt , Carro Itziar , Peña Marta , Clapes Victòria , Baca Cano Cristina , Oliveira Ramos Ana Carla , Sanz‐Linares Gabriela , Moreno‐González Gabriel , Mercadal Santiago , Boqué Concepcion , Gudiol Carlota , Domingo‐Domènech Eva , Sureda Anna
Published: March 2021

Background

Clinical outcomes of novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID‐19) in onco‐hematological patients are unknown. When compared to non‐immunocompromised patients, onco‐hematological patients seem to have higher mortality rates.

Aims

We describe the characteristics and outcomes of a consecutive cohort of 24 onco‐hematological patients with COVID‐19 during the first month of the pandemic. We also describe variations in healthcare resource utilization within our hematology department.

Methods and Results

Data from patients between the first month of the pandemic were retrospectively collected. Clinical and logistic data were also collected and compared with the average values from the prior 3 months of activity. Prevalence of COVID‐19 in our hematological population was 0.4%. Baseline characteristics were as follows: male sex: 83%, lymphoid diseases: 46%, median age: 69 (22‐82) years. Median follow‐up in survivors was 14 (9‐28) days and inpatient mortality rate was 46%. Average time to moderate/severe respiratory insufficiency and death were 3 (1‐10) and 10 (3‐18) days, respectively. Only 1 out of every 12 patients who developed moderate to severe respiratory insufficiency recovered. Upon univariate analysis, the following factors were associated with higher mortality: age ≥ 70 years (P = .01) and D‐dimer ≥900 mcg/L (P = .04). With respect to indirect effects during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and when compared with the prior 3 months of activity, inpatient mortality (excluding patients with COVID‐19 included in the study) increased by 56%. This was associated with a more frequent use of vasoactive drugs (+300%) and advanced respiratory support (+133%) in the hematology ward. In the outpatient setting, there was a reduction in initial visits (−55%) and chemotherapy sessions (−19%). A significant increase in phone visits was reported (+581%).

Conclusion

COVID‐19 pandemic is associated with elevated mortality in hematological patients. Negative indirect effects are also evident within this setting.
Assessing data change in scientific datasets
Authors: Müller Juliane , Faybishenko Boris , Agarwal Deborah , Bailey Stephen , Jiang Chongya , Ryu Youngryel , Tull Craig , Ramakrishnan Lavanya
Published: March 2021

Scientific datasets are growing rapidly and becoming critical to next‐generation scientific discoveries. The validity of scientific results relies on the quality of data used and data are often subject to change, for example, due to observation additions, quality assessments, or processing software updates. The effects of data change are not well understood and difficult to predict. Datasets are often repeatedly updated and recomputing derived data products quickly becomes time consuming and resource intensive and may in some cases not even be necessary, thus delaying scientific advance. Despite its importance, there is a lack of systematic approaches for best comparing data versions to quantify the changes, and ad‐hoc or manual processes are commonly used. In this article, we propose a novel hierarchical approach for analyzing data changes, including real‐time (online) and offline analyses. We employ a variety of fast‐to‐compute numerical analyses, graphical data change representations, and more resource‐intensive recomputations of a subset of the data product. We illustrate the application of our approach using three scientific diverse use cases, namely, satellite, cosmological, and x‐ray data. The results show that a variety of data change metrics should be employed to enable a comprehensive representation and qualitative evaluation of data changes.
Cyano‐Functionalized Quinoxaline‐Based Polymer Acceptors for All‐Polymer Solar Cells and Organic Transistors
Authors: You Hoseon , Kang Hyunbum , Kim Donguk , Park Jin Su , Lee Jin‐Woo , Lee Seungjin , Kim Felix Sunjoo , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: March 2021

Quinoxaline (Qx) derivatives are promising building units for efficient photovoltaic polymers owing to their strong light absorption and high charge‐transport abilities, but they have been used exclusively in the construction of polymer donors. Herein, for the first time, Qx‐based polymer acceptors (PAs) were developed by introducing electron‐withdrawing cyano (CN) groups into the Qx moiety (QxCN). A series of QxCN‐based PAs, P(QxCN‐T2), P(QxCN‐TVT), and P(QxCN‐T3), were synthesized by copolymerizing the QxCN unit with bithiophene, (E)‐1,2‐di(thiophene‐2‐yl)ethene, and terthiophene, respectively. All of the PAs exhibited unipolar n‐type characteristics with organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) mobilities of around 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1. In space‐charge‐limited current devices, P(QxCN‐T2) and P(QxCN‐TVT) exhibited electron mobilities greater than 1.0×10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, due to the well‐ordered structure with tight π‐π stacking. When the PAs were applied in all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs), the highest performance of 5.32 % was achieved in the P(QxCN‐T2)‐based device. These results demonstrate the significant potential of Qx‐based PAs for high‐performance all‐PSCs and OFETs.
Enhancing One‐Dimensional Charge Transport in Metal‐organic Framework Hexagonal Nanorods for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Lai Yulian , Xiao Longhui , Tao Yuan , Gao Zhi , Zhang Liuxin , Su Xuemin , Dai Ying
Published: March 2021

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have exhibited huge potential in electrocatalytic fields. However, the intrinsic low conductivity and the blockage of metal active sites by organic linkers still seriously hinder their large‐scale application. In this study, as a proof of principle, constructing cofacial π–π stacking in the terminal ligand (4,4′‐bipyridine) of a Ni/Fe‐chain‐based MOF to fabricate strong π–π interaction, in combination with unique hexagonal nanorod (HXR) structure, is found to be an effective strategy to enhance one‐dimensional charge carrier efficiency and thus achieve excellent activity in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The approach yields a high turnover frequency (4.54 s−1) in well‐designed bimetallic chain‐based MOFs (NiFe‐HXR) at an overpotential of 350 mV, which is about 8.7 and 34.9 times higher than those in Ni‐HXR (0.52 s−1) and IrO2 (0.13 s−1), respectively. This work effectively combines “through‐bond” channel in chain‐based structure of NiFe‐HXR and “through‐space” transport between face‐to‐face terminal ligands, thus resulting in outstanding OER activity. This strategy of modulating the structure chemistry and morphology of MOFs to promote the OER may open a new perspective to synthesize MOFs for energy‐relevant electrochemical reactions.
Trends in land surface phenology across the conterminous United States (1982‐2016) analyzed by NEON domains
Authors: Liang Liang , Henebry Geoffrey M. , Liu Lingling , Zhang Xiaoyang , Hsu Li‐Chih
Published: March 2021

Tracking phenological change in a regionally explicit context is a key to understanding ecosystem status and change. The current study investigated long‐term trends of satellite‐observed land surface phenology (LSP) in the 17 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) domains across the conterminous United States (CONUS). Characterization of LSP trends was based on a high temporal resolution (3‐d) time series of the two‐band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2) derived from a long‐term data record (LTDR) of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We identified significant trend patterns in LSP and their seasonal climate and land use/land cover drivers for each NEON domain. Key findings include (1) the start of season (SOS) predominantly shifted later in 13 out of 17 domains (24.3% of CONUS by area) due potentially to both a lack of spring warming in the eastern United States and changes in agronomic practices over agricultural lands; (2) the end of season (EOS) became predominantly later in nine domains dominated by natural vegetation (14.1% of CONUS by area) in response to widespread warming in autumn; (3) the EOS predominantly shifted earlier in three domains (10.6% of CONUS by area) over primarily agricultural lands as potentially affected by changes in crop growth cycles; and (4) earlier shift in the SOS was mostly found in the Northwest (3.6% of CONUS by area) and was predominant only in the moist Pacific Northwest (27.7% of the domain by area) in response to more pronounced spring warming in the region. The overall patterns of SOS and EOS trends across CONUS appeared constrained by continental‐scale temperature trends as characterized by a west‐east dipole and the distribution of the nation's agricultural lands. In addition, seasonal trend analysis revealed that most NEON domains (15/17) became predominantly greener in part of or throughout the growing season, potentially contributed by both climate change‐induced growth increase and improved agricultural productivity. The domain‐wide LSP trends with their underlying drivers identified here provide important contextual information for NEON science as well as for investigations within CONUS using other distributed observatories (e.g., LTER, LTAR, FLUXNET, USA‐NPN, etc.).