bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying Articulated Thought in Simulated Situations Methodology to Research Emotion Work in the Courtroom
Authors: Bosma Alice Kirsten
Published: February 2023

Emotions are omnipresent in any court of law. In this short take, I suggest applying the Articulated Thought in Simulated Situations (ATSS) paradigm as a useful addition to supplement methodologies like interviewing and observations. ATSS, which originated in social sciences to study cognitive–behavioral topics, can be easily adapted for use in legal settings because of the flexibility of the vignettes used. Based on my own experience in criminal justice, I formulate recommendations for using ATSS: to avoid participant distraction, to pretest each study and to give clear instructions to participants, and to embed research in the workflow of the legal professional. All three recommendations tap into the same strength: coming as close as possible to actual emotion work of the professional.
Stimulus–response compatibility effects during object semantic categorisation: Evocation of grasp affordances or abstract coding of object size?
Authors: Haddad Lilas , Wamain Yannick , Kalénine Solène
Published: February 2023

When the size of visual objects matches the size of the response required to perform the task, a potentiation effect has been reported, with faster responses in compatible than incompatible situations. Size compatibility effects have been taken as evidence of close perception-action interrelations. However, it is still unclear whether the effect arises from abstract coding of the size of stimulus and response or from the evocation of grasp affordances from visual objects. We aimed to disentangle the two interpretations. Two groups of 40 young adults categorised small and large objects presented in standardised size as natural or artefact objects. One group categorised manipulable objects that may be associated with small or large size properties and evoke power or precision grasp affordances. The other group categorised non-manipulable objects that may only be associated with small or large size properties. Categorisation responses were made by reaching and grasping a monotonic cylindric device with a power or precision grip in a grasping condition and with large or small touch responses in a control condition. Compatibility effects were found in both grasping and control conditions, independently of the manipulability or category of objects. Participants were faster when the size of the expected response matched the size of the object than when they mismatched, especially for power grasps or whole-hand touch responses. Overall findings support the abstract coding hypothesis and suggest that compatibility between the conceptual size of the object and the size of the hand response is sufficient to facilitate semantic categorisation judgements.
Measuring operating theatre nurses’ perceptions of safety culture using the SCORE questionnaire
Authors: Deguara Justin , Trapani Josef , Ebejer Stephen
Published: February 2023

Background:

Tackling operating theatre waiting lists may focus healthcare organisations’ attention on increased productivity while downplaying safety concerns.

Aim:

To explore safety culture in a perioperative department from operating theatre practitioners’ perspective.

Method:

Cross-sectional pen-and-paper survey among nurses in an operating theatre department in Malta using the Safety, Communication, Operational Reliability and Engagement questionnaire.

Findings:

The response rate was 71.2% (n = 146). Engagement domains and Organisational Safety Culture domains were perceived to be at an average level, apart from Unit Leadership which was perceived to be low. Burnout domains were perceived to be high or very high. Correlation analysis showed that leaders’ recognition of staff feedback and input is associated with improved safety culture perceptions.

Conclusion:

An organisational win-win situation is achievable, whereby safety culture perceptions are improved, not necessarily by decreasing job demands such as tackling waiting lists, but by recognising operating theatre staff’s input and involving them in work-related decisions.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Correlates of Interrupted and Aborted Suicide Attempts Among U.S. Active Duty Service Members Seeking Treatment for Suicidal Symptoms
Authors: Chu Carol , Wilks Chelsey R. , Joiner Thomas , Gutierrez Peter M.
Published: February 2023

This study examined suicide attempts (SAs), interrupted SAs, and aborted SAs and their cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with suicide-related correlates among high-risk active duty service members. Service members receiving suicide-related treatment completed measures at baseline ( N = 1,044) and a 3-month follow-up ( n = 758). Multivariate analysis of variance and regression models were used to evaluate differences between SA groups (SAs, interrupted and/or aborted SAs, no SAs) in baseline suicide-related correlates (suicidal thoughts, thwarted belongingness, anxiety sensitivity, insomnia symptoms, alcohol use, hopelessness, and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms) and severity of suicidal thoughts and presence of SAs at follow-up. Results revealed that service members with interrupted and/or aborted SAs (and no prior SAs) reported significantly more severe baseline PTSD hyperarousal symptoms and were more likely to report an SA at follow-up, compared with service members who had prior SAs. Study findings highlight the importance of considering interrupted and aborted SAs when evaluating suicide risk among high-risk service members.
Palliative Approach to Care Education for Multidisciplinary Staff of Long-Term Care Homes: A Pretest Post-Test Study
Authors: Vellani Shirin , Maradiaga Rivas Vanessa , Nicula Maria , Lucchese Stephanie , Kruizinga Julia , Sussman Tamara , Kaasalainen Sharon
Published: February 2023

This study used a single-group pre-test and post-test design to evaluate an educational workshop for multidisciplinary staff working in long-term care homes on implementing a palliative approach to care and perceptions about advanced care planning conversations. Two outcomes were measured to assess the preliminary efficacy of the educational workshop at baseline and 1-month post-intervention. Knowledge regarding implementing a palliative approach to care was assessed using the End-of-Life Professional Caregivers Survey and changes in staff perception toward ACP conversations were assessed using the Staff Perceptions Survey. Findings suggest that staff experienced an improvement in self-reported knowledge regarding a palliative approach to care ( p ≤ .001); and perceptions of knowledge, attitude, and comfort related to advance care planning discussions ( p ≤ .027). The results indicate that educational workshops can assist in improving multidisciplinary staff’s knowledge about a palliative approach to care and comfort in carrying out advance care planning discussions with residents, family care partners, and among long-term care staff.
The effect of geographic origin and destination on congenital heart disease outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Millen Spencer M. , Olsen Cara H. , Flanagan Ryan P. , Scott John S. , Dobson Craig P.
Published: February 2023

Background

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common and significant birth defect, frequently requiring surgical intervention. For beneficiaries of the Department of Defense, a new diagnosis of CHD may occur while living at rural duty stations. Choice of tertiary care center becomes a function of geography, referring provider recommendations, and patient preference.

Methods

Using billing data from the Military Health System over a 5-year period, outcomes for beneficiaries age < 10 years undergoing CHD surgery were compared by patient origin (rural versus urban residence) and the distance to treatment (patient’s home and the treating tertiary care center). These beneficiaries include children of active duty, activated reserves, and federally activated National Guard service members. Analysis of the outcomes were adjusted for procedure complexity risk. Treatment centers were further stratified by annual case volume and whether they publicly reported results in the society of thoracic surgery (STS) outcomes database.

Results

While increasing distance was associated with the cost of admission, there was no associated risk of inpatient mortality, one year mortality, or increased length of stay. Likewise, rural origination was not significantly associated with target outcomes. Patients traveled farther for STS-reporting centers (STS-pr), particularly high-volume centers. Such high-volume centers (> 50 high complexity cases annually) demonstrated decreased one year mortality, but increased cost and length of stay.

Conclusions

Together, these findings contribute to the national conversation of rural community medicine versus regionalized subspecialty care; separation of patients between rural areas and more urban locations for initial CHD surgical care does not increase their mortality risk. In fact, traveling to high volume centers may have an associated mortality benefit.
Comparison of paediatric infectious disease deaths in public sector health facilities using different data sources in the Western Cape, South Africa (2007–2021)
Authors: Kehoe K. , Morden E. , Jacobs T. , Zinyakatira N. , Smith M. , Heekes A. , Murray J. , le Roux D. M. , Wessels T. , Richards M. , Eley B. , Jones H. E. , Redaniel M. T. , Davies M. A.
Published: February 2023

Background

Routinely collected population-wide health data are often used to understand mortality trends including child mortality, as these data are often available more readily or quickly and for lower geographic levels than population-wide mortality data. However, understanding the completeness and accuracy of routine health data sources is essential for their appropriate interpretation and use. This study aims to assess the accuracy of diagnostic coding for public sector in-facility childhood (age < 5 years) infectious disease deaths (lower respiratory tract infections [LRTI], diarrhoea, meningitis, and tuberculous meningitis [TBM]) in routine hospital information systems (RHIS) through comparison with causes of death identified in a child death audit system (Child Healthcare Problem Identification Programme [Child PIP]) and the vital registration system (Death Notification [DN] Surveillance) in the Western Cape, South Africa and to calculate admission mortality rates (number of deaths in admitted patients per 1000 live births) using the best available data from all sources.

Methods

The three data sources: RHIS, Child PIP, and DN Surveillance are integrated and linked by the Western Cape Provincial Health Data Centre using a unique patient identifier. We calculated the deduplicated total number of infectious disease deaths and estimated admission mortality rates using all three data sources. We determined the completeness of Child PIP and DN Surveillance in identifying deaths recorded in RHIS and the level of agreement for causes of death between data sources.

Results

Completeness of recorded in-facility infectious disease deaths in Child PIP (23/05/2007–08/02/2021) and DN Surveillance (2010–2013) was 70% and 69% respectively. The greatest agreement in infectious causes of death were for diarrhoea and LRTI: 92% and 84% respectively between RHIS and Child PIP, and 98% and 83% respectively between RHIS and DN Surveillance. In-facility infectious disease admission mortality rates decreased significantly for the province: 1.60 (95% CI: 1.37–1.85) to 0.73 (95% CI: 0.56–0.93) deaths per 1000 live births from 2007 to 2020.

Conclusion

RHIS had accurate causes of death amongst children dying from infectious diseases, particularly for diarrhoea and LRTI, with declining in-facility admission mortality rates over time. We recommend integrating data sources to ensure the most accurate assessment of child deaths.
INTEGRATE II: randomised phase III controlled trials of regorafenib containing regimens versus standard of care in refractory Advanced Gastro-Oesophageal Cancer (AGOC): a study by the Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group (AGITG)
Authors: Lam Lyn Ley , Pavlakis Nick , Shitara Kohei , Sjoquist Katrin M. , Martin Andrew J. , Yip Sonia , Kang Yoon-Koo , Bang Yung-Jue , Chen Li-Tzong , Moehler Markus , Bekaii-Saab Tanios , Alcindor Thierry , O’Callaghan Christopher J. , Tebbutt Niall C. , Hague Wendy , Chan Howard , Rha Sun Young , Lee Keun-Wook , Gebski Val , Jaworski Anthony , Zalcberg John , Price Timothy , Simes John , Goldstein David
Published: February 2023

Background

Advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer (AGOC) carries a poor prognosis. No standard of care treatment options are available after first and second-line therapies. Regorafenib is an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting angiogenic, stromal, and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases. Regorafenib 160 mg daily prolonged progression free survival compared to placebo (INTEGRATE, phase 2). Regorafenib 80 mg daily in combination with nivolumab 3 mg/kg showed promising objective response rates (REGONIVO).

Methods/design

INTEGRATE II (INTEGRATE IIa and IIb) platform comprises two international phase III randomised controlled trials (RCT) with 2:1 randomisation in favor of experimental intervention. INTEGRATE IIa (double-blind) compares regorafenib 160 mg daily on days 1 to 21 of each 28-day cycle to placebo. INTEGRATE IIb (open label) compares REGONIVO, regorafenib 90 mg days 1 to 21 in combination with intravenous nivolumab 240 mg days 1 and 15 each 28-day cycle with investigator’s choice of chemotherapy (control). Treatment continues until disease progression or intolerable adverse events as per protocol. Eligible participants include adults with AGOC who have failed two or more lines of treatment. Stratification is by location of tumour (INTEGRATE IIa only), geographic region, prior VEGF inhibitor and prior immunotherapy use (INTEGRATE IIb only). Primary endpoint is overall survival. Secondary endpoints are progression free survival, objective response rate, quality of life, and safety. Tertiary/correlative objectives include biomarker and pharmacokinetic evaluation.

Discussion

INTEGRATE II provides a platform to evaluate the clinical utility of regorafenib alone, as well as regorafenib in combination with nivolumab in treatment of participants with refractory AGOC.

Trial registration

INTEGRATE IIa prospectively registered 1 April 2016 Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12616000420448 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02773524). INTEGRATE IIb prospectively registered 10 May 2021 ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04879368.
International border malaria transmission in the Ethiopian district of Lare, Gambella region: implications for malaria spread into South Sudan
Authors: Haileselassie Werissaw , Ejigu Abebe , Alemu Tesfahun , Workneh Sale , Habtemichael Mizan , David Randy E. , Lelisa Kidane , Deressa Wakgari , Yan Guiyun , Parker Daniel M. , Taye Behailu
Published: February 2023

Background

Despite notable progress in the control and prevention of malaria in the Horn of Africa, the disease continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in various regions of Ethiopia, and elsewhere in the region. The transmission of malaria is affected by genetic, sociocultural, and ecological factors. Lare is an Ethiopian district adjacent to the Ethio-South Sudan border, in Gambella region. The region currently has the highest prevalence of malaria in Ethiopia. This study assesses the burden and spatiotemporal patterns of disease transmission, including the effect of climatic factors on the occurrence of malaria, across an international border crossing. This understanding can assist in crafting informed programmatic and policy decisions for interventions.

Methods

This study was conducted in Lare district, Southwest Ethiopia, a temperate zone. A retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted using clinical service data collected between 2011 and 2021 from the 9 health facilities of the district. Both clinically diagnosed patients and those identified using microscopy and rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) were included in the study. Additionally, climate data was incorporated into analyses. Examples of analyses include malaria burden, positivity rate, incidence, species frequency, and an ANOVA to assess inter-annual case number and meteorological factor variation.

Results

Between 2011 and 2021, a total of 96,616 suspected malaria cases were tested by microscopy or RDT, and 39,428 (40.8%) of these cases were reported as positive. There were 1276 patients admitted with 22 deaths recorded. There were further more significant fluctuations in positivity rates across years, the highest being 74.5% in 2021. Incidence varied from 18.0% in 2011 to 151.6% in 2016. The malaria parasite species most detected was Plasmodium falciparum, followed by a smaller proportion of Plasmodium vivax. The greatest proportions of P. falciparum cases were observed in 2018 and 2019, at 97.4% and 97.0% prevalence, respectively. There was significant seasonal variation in case number, the highest observed in July through September of each year. Climatic conditions of annual rainfall, temperature and humidity favored the increment of malaria cases from June until October.

Conclusion

The study shows that the burden, i.e. morbidity and mortality (with fluctuating patterns) of malaria are still significant public health problems and can pose serious consequences in the district. This has implication for cross-border malaria transmission risk due to considerable border crossings. The predominant cause of the disease is P. falciparum, which causes severe complications in patients. The district has to prepare to deal with such complications for better patient care and outcomes.
Modeling of Fabry disease nephropathy using patient derived human induced pluripotent stem cells and kidney organoid system
Authors: Cui Sheng , Fang Xianying , Lee Hanbi , Shin Yoo Jin , Koh Eun-Sil , Chung Sungjin , Park Hoon Suk , Lim Sun Woo , Lee Kang In , Lee Jae Young , Yang Chul Woo , Chung Byung Ha
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To explore the possibility of kidney organoids generated using patient derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) for modeling of Fabry disease nephropathy (FDN).

Methods

First, we generated hiPSC line using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from two male FD-patients with different types of GLA mutation: a classic type mutation (CMC-Fb-001) and a non-classic type (CMC-Fb-003) mutation. Second, we generated kidney organoids using wild-type (WT) hiPSC (WTC-11) and mutant hiPSCs (CMC-Fb-001 and CMC-Fb-003). We then compared alpha-galactosidase A (α-GalA) activity, deposition of globotriaosylceremide (Gb-3), and zebra body formation under electromicroscopy (EM).

Results

Both FD patients derived hiPSCs had the same mutations as those detected in PBMCs of patients, showing typical pluripotency markers, normal karyotyping, and successful tri-lineage differentiation. Kidney organoids generated using WT-hiPSC and both FD patients derived hiPSCs expressed typical nephron markers without structural deformity. Activity of α-GalA was decreased and deposition of Gb-3 was increased in FD patients derived hiPSCs and kidney organoids in comparison with WT, with such changes being far more significant in CMC-Fb-001 than in CMC-Fb-003. In EM finding, multi-lammelated inclusion body was detected in both CMC-Fb-001 and CMC-Fb-003 kidney organoids, but not in WT.

Conclusions

Kidney organoids generated using hiPSCs from male FD patients might recapitulate the disease phenotype and represent the severity of FD according to the GLA mutation type.
Delineation of recurrent glioblastoma by whole brain spectroscopic magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bell Jonathan B. , Jin William , Goryawala Mohammed Z. , Azzam Gregory A. , Abramowitz Matthew C. , Diwanji Tejan , Ivan Michael E. , del Pilar Guillermo Prieto Eibl Maria , de la Fuente Macarena I. , Mellon Eric A.
Published: February 2023

Background

Glioblastoma (GBM) cellularity correlates with whole brain spectroscopic MRI (sMRI) generated relative choline to N-Acetyl-Aspartate ratio (rChoNAA) mapping. In recurrent GBM (rGBM), tumor volume (TV) delineation is challenging and rChoNAA maps may assist with re-RT targeting.

Methods

Fourteen rGBM patients underwent sMRI in a prospective study. Whole brain sMRI was performed to generate rChoNAA maps. TVs were delineated by the union of rChoNAA ratio over 2 (rChoNAA > 2) on sMRI and T1PC. rChoNAA > 2 volumes were compared with multiparametric MRI sequences including T1PC, T2/FLAIR, diffusion-restriction on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and perfusion relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV).

Results

rChoNAA > 2 (mean 27.6 cc, range 6.6–79.1 cc) was different from other imaging modalities (P ≤ 0.05). Mean T1PC volumes were 10.7 cc (range 1.2–31.4 cc). The mean non-overlapping volume of rChoNAA > 2 and T1PC was 29.2 cm3. rChoNAA > 2 was 287% larger (range 23% smaller–873% larger) than T1PC. T2/FLAIR volumes (mean 111.7 cc, range 19.0–232.7 cc) were much larger than other modalities. rCBV volumes (mean 6.2 cc, range 0.2–19.1 cc) and ADC volumes were tiny (mean 0.8 cc, range 0–3.7 cc). Eight in-field failures were observed. Three patients failed outside T1PC but within rChoNAA > 2. No grade 3 toxicities attributable to re-RT were observed. Median progression-free and overall survival for re-RT patients were 6.5 and 7.1 months, respectively.

Conclusions

Treatment of rGBM may be optimized by sMRI, and failure patterns suggest benefit for dose-escalation within sMRI-delineated volumes. Dose-escalation and radiologic-pathologic studies are underway to confirm the utility of sMRI in rGBM.
Functional heterogeneity of MCT1 and MCT4 in metabolic reprogramming affects osteosarcoma growth and metastasis
Authors: Sheng Gaohong , Gao Yuan , Wu Hua , Liu Yang , Yang Yong
Published: February 2023

Background

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents and children and prone to develop lung metastasis. Its prognosis has been virtually unimproved over the last few decades, especially in patients with metastases, who suffer from a dismal survival. Recently, increasing attention has been devoted to monocarboxylate transporters-related (MCTs) metabolic reprogramming. However, the role of MCT1 and MCT4 in osteosarcoma progression and the underlying mechanisms remain to be further elucidated.

Methods

In this study, we established MCT1 and/or MCT4 knockout cell lines by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. Then, we assessed glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation capacities by measuring lactate flux and oxygen consumption. We also performed flowcytometry to test circulating tumor cells and PET/CT to evaluate glucose uptake.

Results

MCT1 was found to be involved in both glycolysis and oxidative respiration due to its ability to transport lactate in both directions. MCT1 inhibition significantly reduced circulating tumor cells and distant metastases partially by increasing oxidative stress. MCT4 was primarily related to glycolysis and responsible for lactate export when the concentration of extracellular lactate was high. MCT4 inhibition dramatically suppressed cell proliferation in vitro and impaired tumor growth with reduction of glucose uptake in vivo.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the functional heterogeneity and redundancy of MCT1 and MCT4 in glucose metabolism and tumor progression in osteosarcoma. Thus, combined inhibition of MCT1 and MCT4 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating tumors expressing both transporters.
What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education
Authors: Tlili Ahmed , Shehata Boulus , Adarkwah Michael Agyemang , Bozkurt Aras , Hickey Daniel T. , Huang Ronghuai , Agyemang Brighter
Published: February 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have been progressing constantly and being more visible in different aspects of our lives. One recent phenomenon is ChatGPT, a chatbot with a conversational artificial intelligence interface that was developed by OpenAI. As one of the most advanced artificial intelligence applications, ChatGPT has drawn much public attention across the globe. In this regard, this study examines ChatGPT in education, among early adopters, through a qualitative instrumental case study. Conducted in three stages, the first stage of the study reveals that the public discourse in social media is generally positive and there is enthusiasm regarding its use in educational settings. However, there are also voices who are approaching cautiously using ChatGPT in educational settings. The second stage of the study examines the case of ChatGPT through lenses of educational transformation, response quality, usefulness, personality and emotion, and ethics. In the third and final stage of the study, the investigation of user experiences through ten educational scenarios revealed various issues, including cheating, honesty and truthfulness of ChatGPT, privacy misleading, and manipulation. The findings of this study provide several research directions that should be considered to ensure a safe and responsible adoption of chatbots, specifically ChatGPT, in education.
Energy Prediction for Mobile Sink Placement by Deep Maxout Network in WSN
Authors: Kaur Chamandeep , Hassen Samar Mansour , Boush Mawahib Sharafeldin Adam , Anandaram Harishchander
Published: February 2023

In a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Numerous cost-effective and energy-constrained sensor nodes are typically used. In a typical Wireless Sensor Network, a single Base Station (BS) gathers information from the whole network, which contributes to concerns including latency, network failure, and congestion. The overwhelming proportion of energy consumption, as well as the energy hole limitation, significantly degrades the overall system performance and network lifetime, which is owing to the sensor nodes that are near the BS consuming more energy. To tackle this problem, it’s essential to determine the perfect spot for mobile sink nodes, which minimizes the power consumed and so increases the network's lifespan. In this work, an effective strategy is designed and developed to detect the location of a mobile sink considering factors such as distance, estimated energy, and fairness, using Deep learning-based energy prediction with an adjacency cell score model. In addition, the predicted energy is determined by employing the Deep Maxout Network (DMN). However, a Minimum distance of 137.364, maximal residual energy of 30.903, maximum standardized fairness of 64.426, maximum network duration of 60, and maximum standardized throughput of 60.613 was obtained using the proposed adjacency-based cell score + Deep Maxout Network.
The Impact of Objectively Recorded Smartphone Usage and Emotional Intelligence on Problematic Internet Usage
Authors: Alshakhsi Sameha , Chemnad Khansa , Almourad Mohamed Basel , Altuwairiqi Majid , McAlaney John , Ali Raian
Published: February 2023

This study examined the effects of gender, age, objective smartphone usage data, and Emotional Intelligence (EI) on Problematic Internet Use (PIU) and its components (obsession, neglect, and control disorder). The study relied on objective data of smartphone usage as a representative of technology use collected by a monitoring application of smartphone usage. PIU and EI were measured through the Problematic Internet Usage Questionnaire short form (PIUQ-SF-6) and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF), respectively. The current cross-sectional study was carried out with 268 participants (Female: 61.6%, ages from 15 to 64) from ten different countries. The analysis was performed using multiple linear regression. The results of the multiple regression models showed that gender and age did not reveal a significant influence on PIU or its components. Smartphone usage had a positive and significant effect on PIU, while EI inversely and significantly affected PIU and accounted for 24.6% of PIU total variance. Similarly, smartphone usage and EI significantly affected the PIU components, accounting for 15.9% of obsession variance, 12.9% of neglect variance, and 16.4% of control disorder variance. Our findings contribute to the literature by objectively evaluating the influence of time spent using the internet on PIU. It is one of the first studies to rely on objectively measured smartphone usage data and compare findings to previous studies that relied on self-reported data. When used to regulate usage, the monitoring applications of smartphone usage should be better contextualized to reflect users’ psychometrics.
BER versus Data Rate Performance of SCM Transmission over Multimode Fibers at Low-Frequency Passbands with Linear Block Codes
Authors:   Faculty of Logistics and Digital Supply Chain, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, Patmanee Jaruwat , Kanprachar Surachet
Published: February 2023

The use of Multimode fibers (MMFs) in the low-frequency region has been studied. It is found that many available low-frequency passbands can be used as channels. However, these passbands are frequency-selective channels, which can negatively affect to the transmitted signal. To lessen this effect, Linear Block Code (LBC) along with a careful selection of passbands is applied. In this work, the performance in terms of BER and data rate for an MMF communication system using a 1-km length MMF at low-frequency passbands with different schemes of LBC is studied. This study uses subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) with a 3-dB modal bandwidth and other low-frequency passbands as channels. The results show that by using (31, 26) LBC and Type-I bit allocation, a data rate of 494 Mbps can be obtained with a BER lower than 10-9. Moreover, a BER lower than 10-14 can be achieved with a data rate of 399 Mbps, which is two-fold higher than the data rate obtained using only the 3-dB modal bandwidth. Additionally, the BER versus data rate for different cases in terms of applying LBC to the system are found and can be practically used as a guideline in selecting a BER and data rate that are suitable for the minimum requirement of a given communication system.
Partykuły spajające jako podklasa jednostek metatekstowych
Authors: Kisiel Anna
Published: February 2023

Autorka komentuje istniejące w polskim językoznawstwie opisy klasy partykuł spajających. Za podstawowe trzy kryteria wyróżniania tej klasy uznaje ich dozdaniowość, zależność od przedtekstu oraz zmienność pozycyjną. Zauważa, że partykuły spajające preferują pozycję w pobliżu (przed, po, a nawet wewnątrz) części tematycznej i często towarzyszy im silny przycisk prozodyczny na wyrażeniu tematycznym. Preferują one również dłuższe, zdaniowe konteksty. Zaproponowana w tym tekście interpretacja partykuł spajających sprowadza się do uznania ich za komentarze dotematyczne, wiążące to, co jest mówione o nowym obiekcie z tym, co zostało wcześniej powiedziane o czymś innym. Ponieważ tego typu wiązanie tematyczne jest interpretacyjnie bardziej wymagające niż wiązanie rematyczne (odbywające się wszak w ramach jednego nadrzędnego tematu), partykuły spajające wymagają, aby odpowiedni przedtekst był bezpośrednio przylegający do struktury T-R, którą one komentują.
Uwagi o żeby-zdaniach w języku polskim w kontekście pochodzenia i dziejów operatora "żeby"
Authors: Sobotka Piotr
Published: February 2023

Przedmiotem artykułu jest próba uogólnionej charakterystyki funkcjonalnej polskich żeby-zdań oraz odpowiedź na pytanie o ich motywację semantyczną. W szczególny sposób podejmuje on refleksję nad relacją między znaczeniem etymologicznym operatora żeby i sensów z niego derywowanych a znaczeniami utrwalonymi we współczesnych przykładach zdań rozpoczynających się od zgramatykalizowanego wyrażenia żeby.
Przegląd polskich badań nad strukturą tematyczno-rematyczną wypowiedzi (1977–1997)
Authors: Żurowski Sebastian
Published: February 2023

Artykuł jest syntetycznym przeglądem polskiego piśmiennictwa językoznawczego z lat 1977–1997 pod kątem publikacji poświęconych strukturze tematyczno-rematycznej wypowiedzi. Umowne granice opisywanego okresu wyznaczają daty publikacji dwóch ważnych monografii (Bogusławski 1977, Wajszczuk 1997). W kolejnych paragrafach zebrane są m.in. informacje o pionierskich publikacjach z lat 70. XX w., najważniejszych kierunkach badań nad STR prowadzonych przez polskich językoznawców we wskazanym okresie (1977–1997), a także o pracach zorientowanych bardziej dydaktycznie.
The Individual vs. the State
Authors: Juruś Dariusz
Published: February 2023

The paper presents the profiles of three American thinkers associated with the tradition of individualist anarchism. These will be: Lysander Spooner (1808–1887), Albert Jay Nock (1870–1945) and Murray Newton Rothbard (1926–1995). These thinkers were involved not only in writing, but were also active participants in the political life of the time. In their opinion, the state, whose genesis is based on violence and conquest, and the individual are the greatest enemies. The state was perceived as the greatest threat to the freedom of the individual, as it violated the principles of natural law, which in turn was to constitute the moral foundation of society. The state was, therefore, in the opinion of these thinkers, something inherently unjust, because by force and against the will of its citizens it forced them to obey. They did not perceive history in terms of class struggle, but as a struggle between individuals and society against the state. Spooner compared the state to a gang of robbers and murderers (valuing them higher than the state, however) and argued that the constitution did not bind citizens in any way, as it had not been signed by them personally, and the government had no power over the one handed over to it by free units. Nock pointed to the gradual appropriation by the state (“professional criminals”) of competences belonging to society, and the opposing goals of both. He distinguished between a government that aims to protect individuals and justice, and a state that aims to plunder, based on a law it has created. Rothbard advocated the abolition of the state as a tax consumer and its replacement with an anarcho-capitalist order in which private property would be its foundation.
Theories of Spooner, Nock and Rothbard, although directed against the state, were not only negative. At their roots was the good of individuals. For Spooner, they were primarily workers, for Nock, citizens, and for Rothbard, entrepreneurs and owners. This fact is worth emphasizing, as the criticism of anarchism often boils down to allegations of radicalism and utopianism, without taking into account its protectionist nature. Criticism of the state is always a consequence of the human vision and should be considered from this perspective.
            The concepts of Spooner, Nock and Rothbard, although directed against the state, were not only negative. At their root was the good of individuals. For Spooner, they were primarily workers, for Nock, citizens, and for Rothbard, entrepreneurs and owners. This fact is worth emphasizing, as the criticism of anarchism often boils down to allegations of radicalism and utopianism, without taking into account its protectionist nature. In the article, in addition to presenting the positions of American individualist anarchists, we will pay attention to the positive aspects of the criticism of the state and show that already in the nineteenth and twentieth century anarchists recognized certain mechanisms of power, which also occur with particular intensity today.
Państwo wobec korupcji: Analiza skuteczności Centralnego Biura Antykorupcyjnego jako służby specjalnej powołanej do zwalczania korupcji w Polsce
Authors: Purchla Jakub
Published: February 2023

This book offers a multifaceted analysis of the efficiency of the Polish state in its fight against corruption. As the Central Anticorruption Bureau (CBA) is considered one of the crucial instruments for fighting corruption, it starts from assessing the operation of that particular agency, founded in 2006. The CBA’s status of a special agency was of fundamental importance for the research question that the book answers. All such agencies always operate within the specific reality of a given state, and it is to the state that such agencies report. It is also the state that defines the scope and instruments of their operation. Therefore, it would be impossible to investigate the efficiency of the CBA in countering corruption without a broad research horizon. It was also necessary to include references to the condition of Polish State, institutional and legal solutions adopted after 1989, and the impact of corruption on Polish economic, social, and political life, whilst offering a broad treatment of the context of international experience in investigating and combating corruption. Such a scope of research returned conclusions concerning the State’s reaction to corruption and its perpetrators. All things considered, that reaction has been shown to be in principle surprisingly delayed and lenient.
Ewolucja przywództwa politycznego od ujęcia tradycyjnego do neoprzywództwa
Authors: Kasińska Agnieszka
Published: February 2023

EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP: FROM THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO NEO-LEADERSHIP
Political leadership seems to be one of the fundamental concepts of the social sciences. The crisis of liberal democracy has brought numerous changes in the relationship between the leader and the followers. Crises have affected many areas: social trust, political communication, political elites, the economy and so on. With the emergence of new populisms, a new paradigm of new leadership has also appeared. When analyzed in evolutionary terms, we can identify traditional leadership (in the era before the mediatization of politics), marketing leadership (1980s and 1990s), and neo-leadership based on modern propaganda and associative communication.
Przywództwo partyjne a porażka wyborcza – interakcje i współzależności
Authors: Pacześniak Anna
Published: February 2023

PARTY LEADERSHIP AND ELECTORAL DEFEAT – INTERACTIONS AND INTERDEPENDENCIES
The aim of the article is to examine the nature of the relationship between electoral defeat and the personal stability of party leadership. The theoretical dimension is complemented by a quantitative analysis conducted in 73 European political parties and a qualitative analysis of the post-election situation in Belgium. The empirical component is based on an expert survey and individual in-depth interviews with parliamentarians and representatives of the leadership of Vlaams Belang (VB), Ecolo, Socialistische partij.anders (Sp.a), Parti Socialiste (PS) and Centre démocrate Humaniste (CdH). The findings show that the mere fact of poor parliamentary election results is not a factor that triggers an accelerated leader replacement, although at the same time it is the most common change in European political parties experiencing electoral defeat. What matters for a party’s response to waning electoral support is the systemic context. The Belgian example shows that the loss of votes and parliamentary seats compensated by the possibility to participate in power at different levels of the state reduces the impact of defeat on the personal stability of the party leadership.
Dysfunkcyjne przywództwo Jeremy’ego Corbyna
Authors: Wieciech Tomasz
Published: February 2023

JEREMY CORBYN’S DYSFUNCTIONAL LEADERSHIP
Jeremy Corbyn’s tenure at the helm of the Labour Party was exceptional for number of reasons. He was the first Labour leader elected directly by party members and supporters. Leftwing rebel, Corbyn had not spent a single day in frontbenches during his more than three decades long parliamentary career, until he took the top spot. Elected against the wishes of party establishment, he found himself in constant opposition with the parliamentary party. This unresolvable conflict both defined and doomed his leadership. This article looks at Jeremy Corbyn’s tenure as a leader of the Labour Party as an example of a dysfunctional leadership. It tries to explain how and why it became leadership that was both ineffective and detrimental to the party
Przywództwo premierowskie w Polsce. Casus Hanny Suchockiej, Ewy Kopacz i Beaty Szydło
Authors: Leszczyńska-Wichmanowska Krystyna
Published: February 2023

PRIME MINISTERIAL LEADERSHIP IN POLAND: THE CASE OF HANNA SUCHOCKA, EWA KOPACZ AND BEATA SZYDŁO
Hanna Suchocka, Ewa Kopacz and Beata Szydło assumed the position of Prime Minister in the result of political calculations, and not after winning parliamentary elections in the style of e.g. Margaret Thatcher. Women were delegated to take the position of prime ministers in response to the need for change, at the same time knowing that they would bring a stereotypical image of a woman with its community attributes, i.e. amicability, submission, willingness to cooperate. The objectives behind the nominations of women for the position of Prime Minister included, among others, softening the image of politics. E. Kopacz held the strongest political position, as she also held the position of leader of the Civic Platform. Although B. Szydło was also the vice-leader of Law and Justice, but she had no influence whatsoever on key political decisions. H. Suchocka held the weakest position, as she was only an “ordinary” member of the Democratic Union. All of them had served as MPs before becoming prime minister. However, before joining the narrow, exclusive group of the heads of government, only E. Kopacz gained extensive experience: she was the first woman minister of health, the first woman do become speaker of the Sejm and a head of a large political party. The fluctuation of social support for women reached a large range and ranged between 73% (H. Suchocka) and 52% (E. Kopacz and B. Szydło). These indicators were high and even very high, given that women were allowed to rule at a time when it was difficult to come to and maintain in power.
Przywództwo prezesa Sądu Najwyższego USA na podstawie analizy działalności sędziego Johna Robertsa jr.
Authors: Laider Paweł
Published: February 2023

LEADERSHIP OF THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE US BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF JUSTICE JOHN ROBERTS, JR. Chief Justice of the United States is a formal leader of the Supreme Court responsible for supervisinig Court’s administrative work, including his presiding over justices’ conferences and assigning opinion-writing to a justice in the majority. At the same time Chief Justice is representing the Court in relations with other branches of government, including membership in certain judicial institutions, assisting the president during his oath of Office, and presiding over the impeachment process of the chief executive. Called the top judicial officer in the United States, the Chief Justice seems to have enough power not only to lead the Court but also to determine its adjudication, protecting its integrity and impartiality. The reality, however, proves that the model of leadership and the scope of impact of Chief Justices on Court’s functioning depends on several inner and outer factors, therefore not every formal leader of the Court was its real leader. The aim of the analysis is to assess the leadership of Chief Justice John Roberts, who was appointed to the Supreme Court by George W. Bush in 2005 and has held his office until today. Introducing four models of leadership of Chief Justices, the Author is willing to determine the role John Roberts plays in contemporary Court, analyzing the impact of his leadership skills and the circumstances under which he operates as the Chief Justice. The growing significance of the Supreme Court in American social, economic, and political life makes such an analysis even more interesting and necessary
THE APPLICATION OF COMBINATION OF SOLID BOXES AND AIR BAGS TO SUPPORT THE UNSINKABLE SMALL PASSENGER BOAT
Authors: R Hetharia Wolter , R de Fretes Eliza , Gaspersz Fella , Louhenapessy Jandri
Published: February 2023

Small fast passenger boats serve to carry passengers at certain routes particularly in short distance between the islands. The passengers preferred those transport modes due to its short travel time. In fact, there are many accidents occur during boat operation which end up with the loss of life and materials at sea. An intensive study was executed by the authors with the purpose to obtain an unsinkable boat. The boat data of existing boats were collected and be used for re-designing process. During the design process, some solid boxes, expanded bags were provided inside boat to reduce the incoming water. Meanwhile, the bags were fitted outside the boat (side floater) to provide additional buoyancy and righting moment for stability performance. A boat model was developed and tested to confirm the design results. In addition, a full-scale boat was developed and equipped with solid boxes, air bags and side floaters. The theoretical computation and extrapolated results from model proved that the required volume for inside solid boxes and air bags are 1.213 m3 and 0.511 m3 respectively. Meanwhile, the required volume of outside air bags is 0.357 m3. It was found that the total boat weight, passengers and incoming water of 4.259 tons are balanced by weight displacement of 5.025 tons. There was reserve buoyancy of 0.766 tons that supports the boat to be float and side floaters to prevent the boat from capsize. The result of sea trial showed that with all loading conditions the boat was still afloat (unsinkable).
MAPPING TSUNAMI HAZARD LEVELS IN PACITAN BEACH USING REMOTE SENSING METHODS
Authors: Jamilah Zahrotin , Widodo Amien , Ariyanti Nita
Published: February 2023

Pacitan Regency is one of the tourist destinations in East Java due to the beauty of tourism from the caves to the beaches that stretch along the southern part of Pacitan. Apart from tourism potential, Pacitan Regency, which borders the Indian Ocean in the south, has the potential to be hit by a tsunami wave that occurs due to the collision of the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates. By using a remote sensing method, it can be seen how the tsunami hazard level of an area is based on the parameters of the slope, the height of the area, and the distance from the coastline. In addition, the level of exposure of the population is also a factor in determining the level of tsunami hazard. In Pacitan Regency, the area affected by the low level tsunami reached 33753 Hectare, the medium level was 13498 Hectare, and the high level was 3828 Hectare. Areas with a high level of danger are located along the coast which extends in the southern part of Pacitan Regency. The area with the highest level of danger with a wider coverage is around Pacitan Bay. Therefore, it is necessary to have an appropriate mitigation system in reducing the risk of tsunamis, especially around the coast which is used as a tourist destination.
ACCURACY INVESTIGATION OF THREE-POINT RESECTION METHODUSING KNOWN POINTS DISTRIBUTION IN FOUR-QUADRANTS
Authors: Sharafeldin Mohamed Osman Anas , Cahyadi Mokhamad Nur , Abbas Elhag A
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a simple way of finding the accuracy of three-point resection problem. The main idea is to distribute known points in four-quadrants and compute the coordinates of the resected point (P),then investigate the affection of known points positions in one quadrant or combination quadrant for the accuracy of resected point (which is a new idea in the literature). This article aims to find outthe affections of distribution control points in different quadrants on the accuracy of the resected point, and also choosing the best positions of the three-points interms of their positions in one quadrantor their positions in combination quadrants. The relative positions of the known points and the resected point are playing the main role to decidethe accuracy of the resected point. Thestudy of the relationship between relative positions of unknown point will be explained in detail, other known-points and the accuracy of the unknown point will beintroduced,and the positions of known points (Distributed in quadrants) of having the best accuracy of the resected point will bedefined.