bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on glucose intolerance in low dose streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic Albino rats
Authors: Gari Manju , Kumar Abhishek , Majhee Lakhan
Published: June 2017

Background: Dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance are closely associated with each other especially as a part of metabolic syndrome. Statins are the drug of choice for treatment of dyslipidemia and for primary prevention of coronary heart disease in diabetics. Recent studies indicate risk of new onset diabetes in patients receiving statins. Hence it was worthwhile to study the effect of two most commonly used statins, which differ in their lipophilicity, on glucose tolerance in prediabetic animal model.Methods: The study consisted of 3 groups with 6 wistar rats in each and hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of low dose (25mg/kg) streptozotocin. Group 1 served as control, group 2 and 3 were given Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin respectively for 8 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at 0,1 and 2 hrs after glucose load on days 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days.Results: Starting from 28th day onwards both the treatment groups showed progressive worsening of glucose tolerance throughout the study period in comparison to the control. The impairing effect on glucose tolerance was less pronounced in Rosuvastatin group as compared to Atorvastatin.Conclusions: Hydrophilic Rosuvastatin showing less impairing effect on glucose tolerance can be a rational choice than lipophilic Atorvastatin for prevention and control of dyslipidemia in patients at risk of developing frank diabetes or having impaired glucose tolerance.
Evaluation of effectiveness of rupatadine and olopatadine in patients of allergic rhinitis at Indore: a randomized control trial
Authors: Shah Jay , Patel Poonam
Published: June 2017

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most prevalent atopic disorders that affect productivity and quality of life. Although individually olopatadine and rupatadine are efficacious in AR, data on the head to head study of these drugs in Indian population are scanty, so present study was undertaken with an aim to compare the efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness of rupatadine and olopatadine in patients’ of allergic rhinitis.Methods: A prospective, randomized, double blind, parallel group, comparative 2 weeks clinical study conducted in eighty patients of AR in the Department of Pharmacology, Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Indore. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 67 patients were recruited and randomized to two treatment groups and received the respective drugs for 2 weeks. At follow-up, parameters assessed were total nasal symptom score (TNSS), change in total and differential count of eosinophil.Results: In olopatadine group, there was a significantly higher reduction in TNSS (P < 0.05) than that of rupatadine. Both the drugs significantly reduced the absolute eosinophil count, but olopatadine (P <0.001) was found to be superior. The incidence of adverse effects was found to be less in olopatadine group when compared with rupatadine group.Conclusions: Both rupatadine and olopatadine provide effective relief of the symptoms of AR. However, clinical benefit occurs significantly more with olopatadine. However, rupatadine was more cost‑effective than olopatadine in treating the patients of AR in term of effectiveness.
Factors associated with polypharmacy in geriatrics
Authors: Rathod Geeta , G. K. Nalini , Nagaral Jayashree V. , G. N. Sahana , P. Deepak , Prema M. , U. S. Nuthan Kumar
Published: June 2017

Background: In population with advancing age, the prevalence of medical co-morbid conditions is high and they are prone for complications. Hence the apprehension of using multiple drugs is more. Using more than 5 drugs per day is referred to as Polyphrmacy. Sometimes treatment causes more harm than the disease proper. So, optimizing drug therapy in these aging population is a challenging task for physician. Polypharmacy can also lead to increase in drug interactions, adverse drug reactions and medication errors. Hence the present study was taken up to study drug utilization pattern and factors leading to polypharmacy in geriatrics. The objectives of the study were to study the number and type of drug use and to know the different factors leading to polypharmacy.Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out among 60 geriatric persons ≥60 years of age present in old age home in Hassan. The study was done after taking the consent. All the prescriptions and medications being used along with history were collected and documented. The total number of drugs being used and names of all drugs were noted down and analysed. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics.Results: Among 60 geriatrics 38% males and 62% females age ranges from 60- 87 years. Average number of drugs used per day per person is 5.03 (Males 6.2 and Females 3.8) in 58.03% of individuals. Most common group of drug used is Gastro intestinal system (78.3%) and most common drug being used is Tab. Ranitidine 140mg (50%). Next group is NSAIDs (68.33%) and most common drug being used is Tab. Diclofenac (46.7%). Antihypertensive drugs were prescribed in 53.3% of geriatrics, most commonly prescribed drug is Tab. Amlodipine (5mg). Self medication was found in 100%. Most common group of drugs used as self medication are GIT drugs, supplements and NSAIDs. In supplements (used in 63.3%), Cap. B Complex is widely used (50%).Conclusions: Polypharmacy was found in 58.3% of individuals and highest in age group between 71-75 years and self medication was found to be the most important factor leading to polypharmacy. To counteract the problems associated with Polypharmacy, interventional studies are needed to improve the quality of life of geriatrics patients.
Pramipexole with leuprolide: a treatment strategy for PGAD
Authors: Raj Rajnish , Bhagat Nisha
Published: June 2017

Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is described as the spontaneous, intrusive, and unwanted genital arousal in the absence of sexual interest and desire. Whether, its etiology is central or peripheral neurovascular in nature, it is still unclear. However, patient presents with symptoms of persistent engorgement of genital erectile and vascular tissue. The majority of women report PGAD as distressing. The symptoms usually occur in females in the age group 25-58 years especially in perimenopausal phase. The case is reported of PGAD in 19-year old female who was treated successfully with Pramipexole and Leuprolide.
Evaluation of health promoting schools in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elamin Bushara Mohamed Osman , Ganbi Mohamed , Elqarni Mohamed , Terkstani Abdulaziz , Lihyani Rakan , AlHassani Badr , Almuterfi Hatem
Published: June 2017

Background: The study was conducted to evaluate schools that implemented the health promotion program in Makkah city, which were 68 schools, (60%) of them randomly selected for the study.Methods: The seven components of the health promoting schools evaluated through descriptive cross sectional study, concentrating on the implementation activities of each component, and whether this implementation conforming to requested standards.Results: The study clarified that the health education activities scored 80% from the targeted activities in this component, encouragement of healthy behavior achieve the highest requested level, while healthy environment activities were being well implemented as it attained 87%.Conclusions: The study concluded that there were weaknesses in the following components, food and nutritional service, school health and mental service provision, and school connectedness with the surrounding community. The study recommends establishment of health service system for psychological and mental health for students, medical checks for school staff in addition to strengthening the links between health promoting schools and surrounding communities, through organized programs. The study recommends for more researches in order to support implementation of the program.
Career counselling and its knowledge among high school students in Pakistan
Authors: Yaqoob Uzair , Arif Fatima , Samad Maryam , Iqbal Asra
Published: June 2017

Background: The objective of the study was to find out the knowledge of career counselling among High School Students in Pakistan, their attitude towards attaining this knowledge and role of counsellors in order to get the right decision.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from October to November 2016in two private institutes of Karachi. It included 500 students enrolled in a single high school for A-level and intermediate study program for session year 2016-2017. A Structured questionnaire was developed and adapted from previous studies. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS 20. Frequencies, percentages, and P-values were reported for the categorical variables, while mean and standard deviation for Age. The variables were cross tabulated against Knowledge to find out their associations. A P-value of 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Out of 500 respondents, 54% were females. Most of the students were in the age group of 17-19 years. Most of the students took Science as a major subject, while many declared it was their first attempt for higher school examination. 32.6% students had an aim of becoming Engineer while 29.8% wanted to be doctors. Most of these made this choice based on their personal interest. 54.8% of students had knowledge of career counselling. On applying chi square tests, availability of career counsellor and seminar attendance was found to be significantly associated with knowledge. Many of the students found counselling to be very important and they believed that there is a need of counsellor in every school. Most of them found their parents to be the most helpful in choosing their career.Conclusions: It is concluded that most high school students possess appropriate knowledge, positive attitude but lack of proper practices. Students consider career counselling to be really important and they are really concerned in acquiring appropriate guidance. Parents seemed to play an influential role in their choices. It is evident that very few schools provide with career counselling session and there is no concept of presence of career counsellors in any school of Pakistan.
A demographic study on gender related differences in adverse drug reactions of a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Prasad Raja Vikram , Pasha M. A. Mushtaq , Fatima Afsar , Deepalatha C.
Published: June 2017

Background: As a part of pharmacovigilance program of India (PvPI) adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are cause of mortality and morbidity in patients unnoticed, which is a part of WHO program for International Drug Safety Monitoring across world. ADRs are considered to be among top 10 causes for mortality. The reason for sex difference in medication response is multi factorial with wide range of aspects like steroid hormones, organ physiology to psychology and socio-cultural factors. The aim was to study on gender related differences in adverse drug reactions in patients attending tertiary care teaching hospital at Nandyal.Methods: ADR cases were collected from multicenter health care units from tertiary care teaching hospital. ADRs were reported in ADR notification forms or yellow form, CDSCO forms are used to report ADR to Regional pharmacovigilance center. Causality assessment of the ADRs was done based on WHO-UMC causality assessment scale using modified Hartwig and Seigel scale.Results: In the 30 ADR reports collected 21 reports (70%) are of female patients and 9 reports (30%) are of male patients. According to WHO-UMC scale 20 (70%) of Adverse drug reactions were falling into PROBABLE, while 10 (30%) ADR’s are CERTAIN. In 21 females, ADR reports were due to 15(76.43%) Antibiotics, 2 (9.52%) NSAID’s, 2 (9.52%) proton pump inhibitors, 2 (9.52%) anti-convulsants. In 9 males, ADR reports were due to 5 (55.5%) Antibiotics, 2 (22.22%) NSAID’s, 2 (22.22%) anti-convulsants.Conclusions: ADRs are the common occurrences but ADR monitoring helps in prevention of morbidity and mortality in patients. The most commonly affected gender is among female patients, as they are more exposed to drugs starting their journey right from the childhood, pregnancy till their adult menopausal stage.
Epidemiological study of rubella outbreaks in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Garg Rajesh , Singh Kamaljit
Published: June 2017

Background: Rubella is one of the major causes of significant morbidity and congenital deformities in India. Rubella immunization is yet to be formally introduced in National Immunization schedule across the country. Strong surveillance system for rubella is the key for prevention and control of congenital rubella syndrome. The outbreaks of rubella in Rajasthan in 2014 were investigated. The objective was to study the socio demographic profile of rubella outbreak in RajasthanMethods: The data of the AFP cum measles and rubella surveillance project of Rajasthan was used for analysis. This is an analytical, cross sectional study where 2 districts of Rajasthan having confirmed rubella outbreak in 2014 were included. A total of 101 laboratory plus epidemiologically linked rubella cases were considered. Statistical analysis: Percentages, proportions and Chi square test were applied.Results: In three outbreaks, 101 cases were of rubella (laboratory confirmed + epidemiologically confirmed). Maximum numbers (around 53%) of cases were from the age group 1-4 years and 54.5% male child. The disease starts in early age (4 months) and affected up to the age group of 27 years.Conclusions: There was an outbreak of rubella cases in one district and mixed outbreak in second one. Currently rubella vaccination coverage is zero. Considering the currently available knowledge and reports, it is well justified that CRS can be controlled by effective immunization program and inclusion of rubella vaccination in the national immunization program of India is much awaited. Rubella vaccination is a cost effective measure and it can very easily piggy back Measles vaccine.
A demographic study on type of accidents, injuries and associated factors, patients attending emergency trauma care at tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Prasad Raja Vikram , Nandanwar C. Y. , Isaac Ebenezer B. S.
Published: June 2017

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTA) is considered to be among top five cause of concern in with morbidity and mortality with socioeconomic repercussions among developing countries. RTA’s are manmade disaster which involves human suffering and socioeconomic costs in terms of premature deaths, injuries, etc. The objective of study was to know the prevalence of various types of accidents, injuries and associated factors.Methods: This study is prospective observational study, was conducted at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, SRMC, A.P. Enrollment of patients were registered in emergency trauma care, included all types of accidents and injuries. Patients were interviewed with the pre-tested proforma. After written informed consent, victims were interviewed and attendants were interviewed where patients were unable to answer which is part of Inclusion criteria in the study. Injuries recorded were graded according to Trauma Index. Other required information was collected from medicolegal records from hospital medical records department.Results: Total of 153 cases recorded at emergency Trauma care unit, of which males are 135 (88.235%) and females 18 (11.764%). The highest percentage was falling between 20-29 years followed by 30-39, 40-49 years.3,4 According to trauma index injuries, Minor were 108 (70.588%) and Major were 45  (20.411%). Of all injuries RTA’s were 111 (72.549%), recorded as the major portion.2 The injuries were more due to Bikes 51 (45.945%), followed by pedestrians 30 (27.027%) as victims, which took place in the evening and late nights were 93 (60.784%), followed by early mornings were 42 (27.450%).Conclusions:Conclusions of study showed that males were involved more than females in RTA’s falling between 20-49 years. Most of the injuries recorded were minor followed by major injuries from Road Traffic Accidents, which occurred during evenings and late nights. Type of vehicles involved in RTA’s was two wheelers followed by pedestrians and people who travelled in share Autos.
A 10 year retrospective analysis of Hansen’s disease patients in an urban leprosy centre of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Rattan Renu , Tegta Gita R. , Sharma Anuj , Chauhan Meena
Published: June 2017

Background: Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which is a non culturable, slowly multiplying bacillus. The incubation period is variable and may take as long as twenty years for the symptoms to appear. It mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves, but has a wide range of clinical presentations. The disease is associated with deformities and social stigma. Methods: Records of Hansen’s disease patients from January 2007 to December 2016 were taken and analysed retrospectively. A total of 288 patients were registered during this period. Results: Out of 288 registered patients, 78.8% were males and 21.2% were females. Maximum number of patients (62.15%) was in the age group of 20-40 years. Multibacillary patients constituted 86.11% and only13.88% were paucibacillary patients. 66.66% patients had grade 0 deformities, 22.56% had grade 1 deformities and 10.76% had grade 2 deformities. Conclusions: The study recommends that continuous efforts should be made for early detection of cases to prevent spread of disease in the community and to avoid development of deformities.
Knowledge and practices among health functionaries working at first referral units: a cross sectional study in a district of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Shukla Brijesh Kumar , Kaushal Suneel Kumar , Misra Sunil Kumar Misra , Chaudhary Shailendra Singh , Singh Geetu
Published: June 2017

Background: Pregnancy and child birth are normal event in the life of women. Most pregnancy results in normal birth but any pregnancy can develop complication at any stage so timely provision of obstetric services is extremely important and to the care by a skill birth attendant. So knowledge, skills and practices of these are very important. In light of above the study was carried out with objective to assess the knowledge and practices of medical officer and paramedical staffs (staff nurses and ANM) regarding antenatal services, intra-natal services, postnatal services.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at first referral units (FRUs) of Agra district of Uttar Pradesh, India from June 2015–August 2016. Structured open ended interview schedule were use d to collect the desired information. Before commencing the interview, informed written consent were taken from respondents. All medical officer and all staff nurse, public health nurse and auxiliary nurse midwives (ANM) were included as study subjects. Data were collected by first author himself. A total of 25 medical officers and 30 paramedical staff were interview for the study.Results: Almost all the medical staffs (100%) have knowledge regarding antenatal care except minimum ANC visit (80%) as practice of ANC services concerned less than half of them doing it as routine, nearly 1/3rd of medical staff (32.0%) conducted or assists delivery (i.e. only LSCS) in routine practices.Conclusions: Knowledge about maternal health services was more among medical staffs than paramedical staffs. Paramedical staffs have less knowledge as well as practice about neonatal resuscitation and infection control measure. Only less than 1/3rd of medical staffs conducting or assisting deliveries.
An epidemiology of animal bite cases attending tertiary care centre of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru: a retrospective study
Authors: Sreenivas Navya Sri , Sakranaik Saraswathi , Sobagiah Ranganath Thimmanahalli , Kumar Anil
Published: June 2017

Background: Rabies is a viral zoonosis. In up to 99% of cases, domestic dogs are responsible for rabies virus transmission to humans. About 30% of the victims of dog bites are children under the age of 15. Ironically, all these problems are preventable by effective vaccination. However, for an ef­fective prevention programme, it is important to un­derstand the epidemiology of animal bite cases. The objective of the study was to assess the epidemiological pattern of animal bite cases attending anti-rabies clinic. Methods: A record based retrospective study was conducted from April to May 2016 by reviewing the records of one year in anti-rabies clinic. Results: In the study out of 2850 bite victims, 78% were males and about 21, 54% were in the age group of 20-29 years. 97% of cases were bitten by dog. Based on area wise distribution majority of the bite victims were from Bangalore west (49.5%), among them 23% was referred for Immunoglobulin. The study also showed that majority of paediatric cases were reported more during the month of April and May. Conclusions: In our study we found that majority of cases were reported among the paediatric age group during summer vacations. Hence education should be given in the community as well in schools for primary prevention of animal bite.
An analytical study of intestinal parasitosis in children
Authors: Bhattacharya Rituparna , Barik Kanai Lal , Bhattacharya Promukh , Paul Uttam Kumar
Published: June 2017

Background: Intestinal parasitosis (IP) is an important public health problem worldwide, most commonly seen in school age children and lead to nutritional deficiency, anemia and impaired cognition. Dearth of data regarding parasitic prevalence in the pediatric population triggered such a retrospective study planned by the Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, of two Medical Colleges whereby all the symptomatic children (>1 year and <12 years, divided into less than 5 year and 5-12 year groups) were examined for IP.Methods: Total 1000 parasite positive stool samples were collected for a period of two years and included for the study. Routine macroscopic and microscopic (saline and Lugol’s iodine wet mounts) examinations were carried out for the presence of ova, cysts and parasites.Results: Out of the 1000 positive samples, Enterobius vermicularis was predominant with 287 (28.7%) of all cases. The next in order were Giardia lamblia 243 (24.3%), Entamoeba histolytica 219 (21.9%), Ascaris lumbricoides 143 (14.3%), Ancylostoma duodenale 39 (3.9%), Taenia 27 (2.7%) and others 42 (4.2%). The distribution of parasites were heavier among the 5 to 12 year group (74.6%) than the below 5 year one (25.4%), with single parasitic isolate. Lack of hygienic practices like open field defecation, faecal contamination of water and improper hand washing aggravate infestation.Conclusions: Thus our study revealed that steps are to be taken by both the government and society to promote healthcare awareness in mothers, and mass scale deworming through school campaigns in order to lower the parasitic burden in children.
Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Aligarh: a community based study
Authors: S. Riyaz Ahmad , Khan Mohd Haroon , Ansari M. Athar
Published: June 2017

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are now recognized as major cause of morbidity and mortality. All countries, irrespective of their stage of economic development or demographic and epidemiological transition, face an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases.Methods: This is a community based cross sectional study conducted at field practice areas of the urban and rural health training centers, Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. 640 study subject’s age group 18-65 years. Systematic random sampling and proportionate to population size method (PPS). SPSS version 13 and Chi-square was used to analyse the data.Results: The age group for the present study was chosen to be 18-65 years of age. The study population consisted of 340 females and 300 males. 27.1% belong to younger age group (18-25 years), whereas in urban areas majority (27.3%) belongs to 26-35 years age group. Also, the study group comprised of higher percentage of females (53%) compared to males (47%).129 (20.2%) subjects were found to be current smokers. Only 4 (1.3%) women were smokers. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use which was found to be 21.6% (28.3% in males and 15.6% in females). The prevalence of current alcohol use in our study to be 10.3% in males and 0.6% in females. The overall prevalence of alcohol use was 5.2%. Alcohol use showed inverse relation with socioeconomic class, About 87% of the respondents did not have sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. The physical inactivity during work was more in males (30.7%) compared to females (15.5%. Mean body weight, BMI and waist circumference showed significant changes with age in both sexes.Conclusions: It can be concluded from our study that the burden of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the rural and urban areas of Aligarh is quite high.
Profile of donors’ blood wastage in Bagalkot blood bank: a record based case series study
Authors: Anjum Waseem , Ahmed Mir Viquar , S. Gagan , N. Sumalatha
Published: June 2017

Background:Medical science has progressed tremendously over the years but, as yet there is no substitute for blood and thus, blood transfusion is essential part of modern-day health care. The implementation of quality system and continuous evaluation of all activities of the Blood Transfusion Services (BTS) can help to achieve the maximum quantity and quality of safe blood. Optimizing blood collection and processing would reduce the rate of discard and improve the efficiency of the Blood Transfusion Services.Methods:A case series descriptive study was conducted at Bagalkot Blood Bank, Bagalkot. The study included all 4045 records of blood donors entered in the blood bank register in one year during 2012 in Bagalkot Blood Bank and the same were analysed.Results:In the present study out of the 4045 blood donors, 26.48% were of the age group 20-29years, 95.64% being male and 50.43% were from urban areas. 85.19% were replacement donations. Most of the blood donors were of B blood group (31.32%). Of the 4045 units of blood collected, 231(5.71%) were discarded for various reasons. Main reasons for discarding blood were HBsAg (64.5%) positivity, followed by HIV (16.45%), HCV (11.26%), Syphilis (0.87%), Sterility (6.49%) and Expired (0.43%). Seroprevalence of HBsAg, HIV, HCV and Syphilis were 3.68%, 0.94%, 0.64% and 0.05% respectively.Conclusions:The present study revealed more male donors of the age group 20-29 years, 85.19% being replacement donors and mostly (31.32%) being B Blood group. Sero-positivity for HBsAg (3.68%) was found to be higher among all the blood donations.
Functional outcome of small and long bone lengthening by distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Nara Srikanth , Bhat Anil K. , Vidiyala Sharath Chandra
Published: June 2017

Background: Upper limb lengthening has limited indications because of the predominant non weight bearing nature. However, lengthening does have specific indications where the functional outcomes improve in selected patients. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of upper limb long and short bone lengthening by distraction osteogenesis.

Methods: A total of twenty four lengthenings were done in 21 patients, three cases being bilateral. The study group included cases of club hand, symbrachydactyly, multiple hereditary osteocondramatosis, traumatic amputations and congenital defects. Operative technique involved gradual mechanical distraction by orthofix external fixator after osteotomy. Clinical and radiological evaluation was done on follow up. The functional outcome for daily activities was assessed. The Healing index, Percentage healing index and Consolidation time were calculated.

Results: The mean age of patients was 11.6 years. The percentage healing index of long bones was higher compared to short bones but the consolidation time was almost similar. Complications were seen in 35% patients. The satisfaction rates were higher in small bone lengthening and the complication rates were almost same as for long bones. Grasp, pinch strength and range of motion improved in cases of short bone lengthening.

Conclusions: Distraction osteogenesis is reliable and predictable method of correction of osseous defects with vascular bone without sacrificing any adjacent digits or toes. It also gains soft tissue that is sensate with good blood supply.
Comparative study of functional outcome of dynamic compression plating with intramedullary interlocking nailing in close fracture shaft of humerus in adults
Authors: Rabari Yash B. , Prasad D. V. , Somanni Ashish M. , Kumar Pushpak
Published: June 2017

Background: Humeral shaft includes 1% of all fractures. The advantage of operative management is early mobilization and patients comfort. Most of the studies compare two main modalities of management, 1. dynamic compression plate 2. intramedulary interlocking nail, with respect to fracture union as major criteria. Very few studies have compared functional outcome with respect to shoulder and elbow joint. The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of each method of fixation. (Dynamic compression plating and interlocking nailing) for the fracture shaft of humerus and to analyse statistically significant difference in the results of these two methods.

Methods: There were 58 patients of fracture shaft humerus were enrolled during 2 May 2015 to 2 January 2017 in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups, DCP group and IMILN group, each having 29 patients and compare the functional outcome of both groups with each other.

Results: There were total 53 patients among them 26 (49.05%) treated with DCP and 27 (55.95%) treated with intramedullary interlocking nail (IMILN).The mean age of patient treated with DCP was 40.12 years (SD±8.51, Min-Max: 25-60) and treated with IMILN was 41.96 years (SD±11.04, Min-Max: 22-61). Road traffic accident was major mode of injury to shaft of humerus.
Conclusions:Dynamic compression plating is preferable technique than interlocking nailing for fracture shaft of humerus in adults.
 
Comparing functional outcome in lateral end clavicle fracture after conservative and plating
Authors: Kale Sachin Y. , Chaudhari Prasad , Singh Shikhar D. , Dhar Sanjay B. , Samant Prakash D. , Tayade Abhijit
Published: June 2017

Background: Fractures of the clavicle have been traditionally treated non- operatively but has been associated with various postoperative complications. In this study, we analyzed the outcomes of the operative management and compare its results with conservative treatment considering it as standard treatment option.

Methods: The present study was carried out at the Department of Orthopedics, DY Patil Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai. Open fractures, fractures associated with complication like head injury with associated other bone injuries were included in this study. We excluded patients less than 18 years of age, patients with middle third fracture of clavicle and patients with medial end clavicle fracture. The fractures were classified according to Robinson’s classification. Patients were followed up every week for 4 weeks then at 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. The functional outcomes were assessed by Constant and Murley score.

Results: We included 48 patients in the study, 34 of which were males, average age of the patients was 37.53±7.64 years. 23 injuries were on the left. There was statistically significant better union times with operative management (p=0.034). Various complications were observed like infection, implant failure, man union, non-union, deformity and skin infections, statistically seen more in patients who underwent conservative management. Overall, patients experienced excellent and good results with operative management in 6 and 12 patients respectively.
Conclusions:Operative treatment gave statistically significant functional outcome and early healing compared to conservatively treated in displaced, communited lateral end clavicle fractures. 
 
An unusual case of metallic foreign body in the left knee: a rare case report
Authors: B. Ezhil Rajan , S. Reshma
Published: June 2017

Foreign bodies in the knee joint are uncommon, particulary those not related to surgical procedures. We present a rare case of an intraosseous metallic foreign body penetrating the lateral femoral condyle at left knee causing pain, which was removed with complete resolution of the symptoms due to walking – running injury in a child.
Viability and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Progenitor Cells Are Maintained After Incubation With Porphyromonas gingivalis Protein Extract
Authors: Albiero Mayra Laino , Stipp Rafael Nóbrega , Saito Miki Taketomi , Casati Márcio Zaffalon , Sallum Enilson Antonio , Nociti Francisco Humberto , Silvério Karina Gonzales
Published: June 2017

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a major periodontal pathogen that contains immunostimulatory components. Periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLMSCs) are responsible for regeneration of the periodontium that is lost due to periodontitis. Pathologic factors within the microenvironment that impair resident PDLMSCs are not well understood. The present study investigates in vitro the effects of Pg protein extract (PgPE) on biologic properties of CD105‐enriched PDL progenitor cell populations (PDL‐CD105+).

Methods: Five populations of PDL‐CD105+ cells were exposed to PgPE and assessed for cell viability, apoptosis, and proinflammatory gene expression (interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β], tumor necrosis factor‐alpha [TNF‐α], and IL‐6) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, IL‐6 immunostaining, activation of IL‐6/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 signaling pathway, and osteogenic differentiation potential.

Results: PgPE treatment (2 μg/mL) did not affect cell viability or survival but induced a significant increase in IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and positive staining for IL‐6. A total of 29 genes from the IL‐6/STAT3 pathway were upregulated on PgPE stimulation. These genes are related to biologic processes involved in the control of cell survival (B‐cell lymphoma 2 [BCL2]), cell proliferation (hepatocytehepatocyte growth factor), cytokine‐mediated signaling pathway (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, C–X–C ligand 8 [CXCL8]), and response to stress (CXCL8, mitogen‐activated protein kinase 3, BCL2‐associated X protein, and BCL2). Additionally, PgPE treatment caused an increase in alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression in PDL‐CD105+ cells after 7 days of osteogenic induction, although mineral nodule formation was comparable to the control group.

Conclusions: These results suggest that the inflammatory profile induced by PgPE treatment in PDL‐CD105+ cells did not affect cell viability, apoptosis, or osteogenic differentiation, perhaps due to increased expression of genes involved in the control of cell proliferation and protection against cell death.
ASCORBIC ACID AS A GROWTH ADJUVANT IN ENCAPSULATED PROTOCORM-LIKE-BODIES OF RHYNCHOSTYLIS RETUSA BL. (ORCHIDACEAE)
Authors: Sembi Jaspreet K. , Kahlon Parvinderdeep S. , Kalsotra Tania , Sidhu Sukhjeet Kaur
Published: June 2017

In the present study, effect of ascorbic acid, a known growth adjuvant on encapsulated protocorm-like-bodies (PLBs) of Rhynchostylis retusa Bl. was investigated. PLBs were encapsulated in calcium alginate (3.5% sodium alginate and 100mM calcium chloride) prepared in Mitra et al. (1976) basal medium and supplemented with different concentration of ascorbic acid (5, 10, 15, 20mM). The encapsulated PLBs were stored at 25°C. Their germination response and germination potential was evaluated after every 4 weeks on basal media. Control set of encapsulated PLBs, failed to germinate after 32 weeks. However, PLBs with 15mM ascorbic acid in the encapsulated matrix showed the best response; nearly 90% germinated even after 32 weeks of storage. The survival and germination frequency was directly proportional to the level of ascorbic acid in the alginate mix upto 15mM level but declined on further increase. Differentiation of PLBs into plantlet was better in synthetic seeds containing lower concentration of ascorbic acid (5mM) as compared to higher levels (15, 20mM) whereas multiplication of secondary PLBs was more pronounced at higher levels. Chlorophyll content was inversely proportional to the level of ascorbic acid in the nutrient mix; lush green PLBs were observed at low concentration of ascorbic acid (5mM). This study highlights the potential of ascorbic acid as an aid to growth and survival of encapsulated PLBs upon storage.
Iriarte, Ana y Luísa de Nazaré Ferreira (coords.), Idades e género na literatura e na arte da Grécia antiga, Coimbra, Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra-Annablume, 2015, 215 págs.
Authors: González Delgado Ramíro
Published: June 2017

La colección Humanitas Supplementum, de la conocida revista conimbricense,presenta bajo el número 34 un interesante y documentado estudio monográfico colectivo que analiza las ideas sociales que sobre edad y género se perciben en la Grecia antigua a través de diferentes fuentes literarias, iconográficas y epigráficas. Son en total siete contribuciones de investigadores de tres países: tres españolas, dos argentinas y dos portugueses (nacionalidad  del único autor). En conjunto, estamos ante un análisis que, dejando a un lado al varón griego adulto, atiende al resto de edades y sexos (niños, doncellas, ancianos y prostitutos).
Eurídice y el naciente poder femenino en Macedonia
Authors: Sánchez Barragán E. Gabriel
Published: June 2017

La historia de la reina Eurídice de Macedonia da inicio a lo que, con los años, se convertirá en una constelación de soberanas helenísticas que disputarán el trono a sus maridos e hijos y que concluye con la famosa Cleopatra VII. El presente artículo comienza por señalar algunos puntos de importancia para la comprensión del poder femenino antiguo: por principio revisa los procesos ideológicos que conllevaron a la construcción social del patriarcado, para luego analizar brevemente el papel de las mujeres en Macedonia y de las reinas en particular con las personas de las primeras princesas y su posible vínculo con la religión y, merced a ésta, con el poder. Se procede al estudio de la personalidad de Eurídice, madre de Filipo II, desde las teorías con respecto a su origen ilirio, su matrimonio con Amintas y la necesidad que de aquél pudo tener el rey, para concluir con su papel en la conjura de Ptolomeo de Aloro y su rostro como madre y soberana que inaugura el interés de las mujeres por el poder en Macedonia.
Effects of tropospheric emissions on global tropospheric ozone distribution: A CTM simulation study
Authors: Wang Kuo-Ying
Published: June 2017

In this work, we examined the effect of tropospheric emissions on tropospheric ozone (O3) by conducting three-dimensional (3D) chemistry transport model (CTM) simulations. For the control run, the CTM model simulates tropospheric O3 levels with a complete set of anthropogenic, biomass burning, and vegetation emissions [8]. For the no-emission simulation, all anthropogenic, biomass burning, and vegetation emissions were turned off. Comparisons of results from these two simulations exhibit the emission impacts on the tropospheric O3. In the no-emission simulation, distinctive low surface O3 with concentrations less than 5 ppbv prevail over the Amazon basin, tropical South America, tropical South Africa, Southeast Asia. Transport of air from these land areas downwind contributes to the low O3 over the remote marine boundary layer. In contrast, elevated O3 levels over the extra-tropical remote marine boundary layer are less supported by the anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions but more sustained by the downward transport of O3 from the stratosphere. These results demonstrate that the northern hemisphere continental areas (north of 30◦N ), polar regions, and tropical continental regions are more sensitive to the tropospheric emissions. The northern hemisphere winter is mostly dominated by the stratospheric processes, while the tropospheric emissions dominate over the southern hemisphere tropical continental areas from tropics to 30◦S latitudinal bands. The northern hemisphere continental regions are increasingly dominated by tropospheric emissions from spring, to reach maxima in summer, and started to reduce in autumn months.
Effect of Work Attitude and Total Productive Maintenance on the Overall Equipment Effectiveness and Production Continuity
Authors: Haming Puadi , Nurnajamuddin Mahfud , Hafied Hamzah , Serang Serlin
Published: June 2017

This study aims to examine and analyze the impact of work attitude, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) on the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and production continuity and the other effect of Work Attitude and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) on production continuity: The mediating role of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). The research was conducted at PT. Semen Tonasa i.e. units II to V unit which is the largest cement producer in eastern Indonesia. Withdrawal of respondents did with the criteria that only respondents yang having their respective sectors and who have work experience of at least one year were used as samples. Results of analysis Partial Least Square (PLS) Version 2.0.M3 used in analyzing the contribution of exogenous variables on endogenous variables directly, Sobel Test was used for pushing analyze the contribution of the indirect effect (mediation) whereas importance- performance analysis (IPA) to analogous interpret the relationship loading factor value and the average value. The results of this study provide evidence of work attitude has a positive and significant effect on the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), total productive maintenance (TPM) has a positive and  significant effect on overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), work attitude, total productive maintenance (TPM) and overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) positive and significant impact on production continuity.
Determinants of interest margins in Spanish credit institutions before and after the 2008 financial crash
Authors: Climent Serrano Salvador , M. Pavía Jose , Toboso Fernando
Published: June 2017

As interest margins of credit institutions affect economic performance of countries, finding out which are the main determinants of their evolution is a research task of great interest at current times. This is the purpose of the present paper as regards to the Spanish case over the period 2004-2012. Based on the econometric contributions by Ho and Saunders (1981) and some of its extensions, the authors develop a model that includes as explanatory variables the factors usually examined in the literature and other singular variables that might be relevant. Particularly, the rate of leverage, the quality of their assets measured according to their risk, and the profit obtained from the selling of assets, including real estate ones. The research also provides an analysis of differences between banks and savings banks.
KONSERWATYŚCI POLSCY A REFORMA USTAWODAWSTWA WYBORCZEGO GALICJI NA POCZĄTKU XX WIEKU
Authors: Bułachtin Maksym A.
Published: June 2017

Polish Conservatives and Reform of the Electoral Law of Galicia at the Beginning of XXth CenturySummaryThe democratization of the political system of the Austro-Hungary at the turn of XIXth and XXth century accelerated the process of political changes. In these circumstances Polish conservatives were seriously bothered about the possibility of weakening not only the influence of the great land owners on the political life of Galicia but also diminishing of their role in shaping „Polish policy” in the whole monarchy. Moreover they were anxious about loosing the position of the party in the political life. Nevertheless the Cracow conservatives (so called „Stańczycy”) admitted the need for democratization of the political institutions and the necessity of concessions from the side of the hitherto governing elite. At the same time they wanted to shape the planned reform of the legislation regarding election to the State Parliament of Galicia (in Polish Sejm Krajowy Galicji) in a way that it ensured the political influence, and as a consequence the protection of interests, to the land owners and other rich social groups. The conservatives also aimed at the protection of Polish interests in a multinational Galicia. They wanted to ensure to Polish inhabitants a strong representation in the State Parliament as well as to guarantee election interests to the Polish minority in the Eastern part of the country, where the majority was composed of the Ukrainians. They also anticipated the smoothing and gradual solving of conflicts of nationalist nature in the country. Therefore they were ready for concessions towards the Ukrainian national demands.Dissimilarly, the conservatives of the Eastern Galicia (so called „podolacy”) did not want the democratization of the political system. They tried to prevent the mass political movements from strengthening. They were against broadening the representation of the Ukrainians in the State Parliament. These disparities led to a crisis between the two groups of the Polish conservatives at the beginning of the XXth century. The policy of the latter group did not have perspectives therefore they had to reconcile themselves with the principles of the reform prepared during the period maybe „when a Cracow conservative Michał Bobrzyński was the deputy of Galicia”.
ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ INWESTORA WOBEC PODWYKONAWCÓW (ART. 6471 § 5 K.C.)
Authors: Jędrejek Grzegorz
Published: June 2017

The Liability of an Investor to a Subcontractor (Art. 6471 § 5 k.c.)SummaryThe article answers a question w hether an investor in case of a contract for construction works will be liable to a subcontractor also when he paid the latter all dues (including the rem uneration). These doubts are grounded in the form ulation of art. 6471 § 5 of the Polish Civil Code, according to which the party concluding a contract with thesubcontractor and the investor as well as the performer bear a joint andseveral liability for the payment of remuneration due to the subcontractor for the performed construction works. Taking into consideration a linguistic interpretation of the provision, as presented in the doctrine, it should be considered that the investor’s payment of the remuneration for the work performed by the subcontractor is permissible. Nevertheless, the author takes a different position based on the functional interpretation and interpretation referring to the whole system of the civil law.
ZJAZD KATEDR PRAWA RZYMSKIEGO OSTRÓDA 16-18 CZERWCA 2006 ROKU
Authors: Stępkowska Agnieszka
Published: June 2017

ZJAZD KATEDR PRAWA RZYMSKIEGO OSTRÓDA 16-18 CZERWCA 2006 ROKU