bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Russia’s Human Capital: What Is It Worth?  Part I
Authors: Kapeliushnikov R.
Published: March 2019

The paper provides monetary estimates for Russia’s human capital. In its first part the two main methods for estimating the value of the stocks of human capital are discussed — cost based and income based, or the retrospective and prospective ones. Particular emphasis is placed upon the works by Jorgenson and Fraumeni (1989, 1992). Recently a lifetime income approach pioneered by Jorgenson and Fraumeni has been selected as the preferred methodology for the OECD Human Capital Project which made available monetary estimates of the stocks of human capital for 15 countries. A special section summarizes major findings of this Project and highlights its methodology which in the second part of the paper is used for estimating the value of human capital in Russia.
Global Imbalances: An Unconventional View
Authors: Popov V.
Published: March 2019

Maintaining today’s global imbalances would help overcome the major disproportion of our times — income gap between developed and developing countries. This gap was widening for 500 years, since the XVI century, and only now, in recent 60 years, there are some signs that this gap is starting to decrease. The chances to close this gap sooner rather than later would be better, if the West goes into debt, allowing developing countries to have trade surpluses that would help them develop faster. Previously, in the XVI—XX centuries, it was the West that developed faster, accumulating surpluses in the trade with "the rest of the world" and using them to buy assets in developing countries, while "the rest of the world" was going into debt. Now it is time for "the rest" to accumulate international assets and for the West to go into debt.
World Migration Processes: The Need of Global Regulation
Authors: Gontmakher E.
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the evolution of cross-country migration processes, as well as the present situation in this sphere. The author comes to the conclusion that a critical mass of problems has been accumulated, which can not be effectively solved in the framework of existing national regulatory regimes. In this connection, to propose the transition to inter-state institutions of migration regulation, the author offers basic directions of concrete actions aimed at their formation.
Difficulties of the Financial Reform in the USA
Authors: Kulakova V.
Published: March 2019

We study the reform of financial regulation initiated by the Dodd—Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. Major factors impeding Obama’s financial and economic policy are explored, including institutional difficulties, party warfare, lobbyism, and systemic inconsistencies of international financial regulation. We also examine challenges that are being faced by economic and political sciences due to the changes in financial regulation and also assess the level of radicality of the financial reform.
Behavioral Economics and New Paternalism (Part II)
Authors: Kapeliushnikov R.
Published: March 2019

The paper provides a critical appraisal of the normative program of behavioral economics known as new paternalism. Part II of the paper discusses main empirical and conceptual drawbacks of this approach and provides arguments for the alternative non-welfarist normative tradition based on the idea of freedom.
Methodological Individualismand Methodological Institutionalism
Authors: Kirdina S.
Published: March 2019

In the paper the capabilities and limitations of methodological individualism as a core principle of mainstream economics are explored. The recent debate dealing with methodological individualism in economics is considered. Institutional individualism principle is tested. As a challenging view, premises for methodological institutionalism are offered and considered as an alternative and complementary precondition of the different vision for economic theory.
World-System Analysis as a Basis of a Textbookon Economic history (On the book by G. D. Gloveli “Economic History: Textbook for B.A. Students. Advanced Course”)
Authors: Fursov K.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the problem of the world-system analysis as a methodological basis for writing a textbook on world economic history for universities. An attempt is made to formulate what a textbook on such a basis should be. Strong and weak points of this scientific approach are distinguished. A conclusion is made that the author of the textbook under study has successfully achieved the goal — to present a panorama of economic history from the ancient times to the early twenty-first century consistently using the world-system paradigm.
Cyclical Waves in the Economic Development of the U.S. and russia (Issues of Methodology and Analysis)
Authors: Klepach A. , Kuranov G.
Published: March 2019

The article describes the methodology for identifying and analyzing economic cycles, which are based on historical spectral approach that combines the advantages of the historical and economic analysis and spectral method of the study of economic series. The proposed approach is used to isolate and analyze both their own regular fluctuations of economic dynamics inherent in the developed economies and the vibrations induced by technological and external economic shocks. The analysis has been carried out on the basis of data on the dynamics of the post-war U.S. economy as the main driver of world cycles, and of Russia’s economy from 1861 to 2012 using the latest research on the reconstruction of the time-series of its economic dynamics. Finally, conclusions are drawn in relation to the state economic policy in the conditions of the global cyclical development.
Economic Theory and Ethics: The Problem of intertemporal Justice
Authors: Khaitkulov R.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the interconnection of ethics and economics, focusing on the long-term economic modeling. Economic models that pretend to be positive often contain implicit normative assumptions of intertemporal justice. The evolution of ethical assumptions in economics is analyzed and the overview of different justice theories is given.
Delivery of Public Services on intensively DepopulatedTerritories: Is There Any Solution?
Authors: Starodubrovskaya I.
Published: March 2019

The article discusses responses for the strategic challenges related to delivery of public services (education, health and culture) on intensively depopulated territories, which are characterized by outflow of population, degradation of human capital, lack of finance. The analysis is based on field studies in four Russian regions and deals with successes and failures in their practical experience. The research shows that not all the possibilities of producing services of better quality and higher efficiency on intensively depopulated territories have currently been utilized. Possible ways to improve the situation are proposed.
LESSONS OF THE ENERGY REFORM:ILLUSIONS, MISCALCULATIONS, PROSPECTS
Authors: Gitelman L. , Ratnikov B.
Published: March 2019

The article looks at the problems of the power sector reform based on the development of market relations in the industry. Factors that influence the effectiveness of the electricity market, the quality of an organizational model and the economic environment are considered within the framework of a methodological approach developed by the authors. The article studies discrepancies between ideal concepts that are inherent in the existing market model, and real economic relations that are directly linked to the technological features of the industry. It suggests ideas for alternative models of the electricity market and industry-specific management mechanisms and presents the authors’ concept and specific solutions for its implementation.
FIVE YEARS AFTER THE INTENSE PHASE OF THE CRISIS:DOES THE SITUATION LOOK STABLE?
Authors: Ershov M.
Published: March 2019

The fall of 2013 marked 5 years since Lehman Brothers went broke — the event, which gave rise to the intense phase of the recent financial crisis. The regulators had to use unprecedented measures to support and stabilize their economies. Even today they are forced to do large-scale and long-term, often super-long (for 30—40 years) money creation; they keep interest rates at minimum (often below inflation) and sometimes announce the level of rates in advance. The growth rates, however, remain low, previous problems are not eliminated and new riks become more tangible. Is durable long-term growth possible in such environment?
The USA: Three Socio-economic problems
Authors: Grigoryev L.
Published: March 2019

The article considers various aspects of three areas of American socio-economic life, which are the most important for understanding in today’s world. They are the middle class and social inequality, fixed investments, budget and debt problems. The studies of the American economy and social innovation processes are really important for the world economy. Economic development of the country, whose GDP is a quarter of the planet’s, has a huge direct impact on the economy and policy of the rest of the world. These trends and processes have a significant demonstration effect, they are used as a source of argument in decision-making or policy development in other countries.
FISCAL STIMULUS AND RUSSIAN SOVEREIGN FUNDS
Authors: Buklemishev O.
Published: March 2019

The paper analyzes the current options of fiscal stimulus in the Russian economy. It is asserted that due to economic and institutional factors the increase in public expenditures will not be efficient and the appropriate resource base is limited. The contradictions of the budget policy based on channeling extra oil and gas revenues into the sovereign funds to be invested abroad, are considered. It is concluded that this policy which has been carried out in Russia during the last ten years is experiencing a crisis and needs a revision.
Marshallian Cross: An Alternative Justification and Related Issues
Authors: Grebnev L.
Published: March 2019

The paper provides a justification of the laws of supply and demand using the concept of a marginal firm (technology) for the case of perfect competition.The ideological factor of excessive attention to the analysis of marginal parameters at the firm level in the introductory economics courses is discussed. The author connects these issues to the ideas of J. B. Clark and gives an alternative treatment of exploitation.
Economic Dominance of the Russian Capital: Causes and Consequences
Authors: Mishura A.
Published: March 2019

Economic primacy of the capital is a prominent feature of the spatial structure of the Russian economy. The main ideas on urban primacy presented in the literature are considered and applied to the case of Moscow. It can be concluded that the probable causes of primacy of the capital in Russia are political ones. Russia has features that make political favoritism towards the capital city very likely. They include poor development of democratic institutions, a significant role of personal relationships, especially with the authorities, in all kinds of economic activity and dependence on natural resources exports. There are two basic active mechanisms of income concentration in the capital — concentration of business and the fiscal one. The consequences of such dominance of the capital can be negative for the country’s economic development.
Between Modernization and Stagnation: Economic Policy in 2012
Authors: Mau V.
Published: March 2019

The paper deals with the trends in the world and Russian economies towards development of a new post-crisis system, including technological and structural transformation. Three main scenarios of Russian economic development (conservative, innovation and acceleration) are discussed basing on historical analysis of Russian economic performance since 1970-s when oil boom started. On this basis key challenges of economic policy in 2013 are discussed.
Two Integration Processes in Eurasia
Authors: Vinokurov E. , Libman A. ..
Published: March 2019

The paper considers the evolution of the processes of the regional integration in the post-Soviet space and in the broader space of the Eurasian continent. It points out the main directions of the formation of the Eurasian continental integration from the point of view of the intergovernmental interaction, spontaneous economic ties and common infrastructure, as well as discusses the optimal framework of adjustment of regional groupings in the post-Soviet space to the process of Eurasian continental integration, taking into account the specifics of this process among the Western and the Eastern wings of the CIS.
On the Civilization of the XXI Century
Authors: Popov G.
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the nature of the crises during the present stage of civilization development. According to the author, the three basic approaches of reacting to them — inertia, modernzation and anti-globalization — should be substituted with the one that could be called "a new civilization". The article considers key elements of this new approach and opportunities for the development of Russia in the XXI century stemming from it.
Competitiveness of Russia’s Machine-tool Industry
Authors: Gribkov A. , Zakharchenko D. , Kornienko A.
Published: March 2019

The paper considers the competitiveness of Russia’s machine-tool industry on the world and domestic markets. The authors have conducted a comparative analysis of machine-tool sector and products in Russia, developed and new industrial countries, using specific indicators that characterize its competitiveness. The results of the analysis testify to low competitiveness of Russia’s machine-tool industry and an average level of competitiveness of its products in limited segments of machine-tool manufacturing. The main obstacle in the way of increasing the competitiveness of this sector and expanding the product range are adverse financial conditions for investments into machine-tool industry and other low-profit industrial sectors.
In Defense of the Euro: Austrian School Approach (comment)
Authors: Rakviashvili A.
Published: March 2019

The article critically analyzes theoretical arguments in favor of gold standard, the euro and fixed exchange rates that were set out in the article of H. Huerta de Soto ‘In Defense of the Euro: Austrian School Approach’ (Voprosy Ekonomiki. 2012. No 11). Monetary systems alternative to the gold standard are considered. It is shown that they are at least as much supported by liberal economists as the gold standard. The author emphasizes weakness of euro and gold standard and proves necessity of scaled reforms before the gold standard or alternative monetary system with the same characteristics may be implemented.
The Analysis of Russia’s Fiscal Sustainability in the Shortand Long Run
Authors: Vlasov S. , Deryugina E. , Vlasova Y.
Published: March 2019

This paper examines the short and long run Russia’s fiscal sustainability. It reveals the possible risks of the deterioration of the fiscal sustainability on the general budget level. The virtues and shortcomings of the new fiscal rules are analyzed, the comparison with the fiscal rules that had been suspended during the financial crisis is presented, and possibilities for further development of the new fiscal rules are discussed. The long run socio-economic development forecast is employed for these purposes.
The Influence of Oil and Gas Exports on Russia’s Monetary Policy
Authors: Kudrin A.
Published: March 2019

The article studies the problems of implementing monetary policy in the environment of a significant inflow of foreign currency revenues from exports of commodities into the country. It shows that in the conditions of strong balance of payments the Central Bank is forced to accept either the appreciation of the ruble or inflation. Only the government of Russia has at its disposal a powerful tool that allows both to prevent the appreciation of the local currency and to contain inflation at the same time. This dual task is solved by means of saving some part of oil and gas revenues in reserve funds during favorable situations on foreign markets. Such a policy lays the foundation for macroeconomic stability and ensures investment attractiveness of the Russian economy.
Secondary Education Funding and Quality:Econometric Approach
Authors: Savitskaya E. , Chertykovtseva D.
Published: March 2019

The paper estimates the relationship between public expenditure on secondary education and its quality. The investigation is based on regression analysis of cross-nationally comparable funding data and student performance metrics — PISA and TIMSS. The authors conclude that the growth of teachers’ salaries measured in absolute terms and public education expenditure per student have positive influence on educational achievement, though it is rather small. However, regression analysis has not revealed dependence of students’ performance on other financial indicators — public expenditure on secondary education as a percentage of GDP, public expenditure on secondary education as a percentage of total government expenditure and teachers’ salaries measured relative to average wages in the country.
The Third mechanism(On the Book by С. Crouch“The Strange Non-Death of Neoliberalism”)
Authors: Orekhovsky P.
Published: March 2019

This paper is devoted to the book by C. Crouch “The Strange Non-Death of Neoliberalism”. The central important innovation of the book consists in introducing the third coordination mechanism apart from the state and the market, and this is the corporation. It allows to reconsider the neoliberal model of political economy, which includes marketization (commercialization), “privatized Keynesianism” and economization of political regimes. The 2008 Crisis, caused by this model, has led not to its demise, but rather to the increase in the power of banks, financial and industrial corporations.
Abstraction as a Mother of Order?
Authors: Avtonomov V.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the relation between assumptions of economic theories and their political implications. Two canons of economic science are being analyzed according to the degree of abstraction. A hypothesis is that the more abstract formal canon is connected with a liberal kind of economic policy whereas the more concrete canon presupposes an active state intervention in economic affairs. Several attempts at integrating both canons are studied separately (Marshall, Schumpeter, Eucken). Historic evidence is more or less consistent with the hypothesis stated above, but there happens to be one important exclusion: the general equilibrium theory is so abstract that it can imply opposite policies.
Is U.S. Economic Growth Over?faltering innovation Confronts the Six headwinds
Authors: Gordon R. J.
Published: March 2019

This paper raises basic questions about the process of economic growth. It questions the assumption, nearly universal since Solow’s seminal contributions of the 1950s, that economic growth is a continuous process that will persist forever. There was virtually no growth before 1750, and thus there is no guarantee that growth will continue indefinitely. Rather, the paper suggests that the rapid progress made over the past 250 years could well turn out to be a unique episode in human history. The paper views the future from 2007 while pretending that the financial crisis did not happen.
Socio-Economics as an Urgent basis of interdisciplinary integration(On the Book by M. A. Shabanova “Socio-Economics”)
Authors: Zaslavskaya T.
Published: March 2019

The necessity of interdisciplinary integration of social sciences is recently being discussed more and more, but its grounds remain unclear. Using the example of a new version of socio-economics as a branch of science and an academic subject born as a reaction to public practice challenges, the author considers the basis and problems of integration of economics with other social sciences, discusses major barriers on the way of interdisciplinary dialogue and how to overcome them.
Economic Incentives and Social Preferences: Substitutes or Complements? Part 2
Authors: Bowles S. , Polanía-Reyes S.
Published: March 2019

In the second part of the paper concrete forms and examples of the effects of incentives on the social preferences are shown and experiments are described where these effects occur. The authors claim that the negative consequences of the incentives are connected less to the incentives themselves as, rather, with their perceptions among the agents. That is why for a reasonable use of incentives one has to take account of possible effects of such perceptions.
The role of Globalization in the regional Integration. The Case of Russian-Ukrainian Relations.
Authors: Osipova O.
Published: March 2019

Based on the trade statistics of Russia and Ukraine, the author shows the role of transnational corporations in the dynamics of economic relations of the two countries, including the cross-industry analysis.
On the formation of a New Paradigm of fiscal Policy
Authors: Senchagov V.
Published: March 2019

Due to Russia’s exit from the global financial crisis, the fiscal policy of withdrawing windfall spending has exhausted its potential. It is important to refocus public finance to the real economy and the expansion of domestic demand. For this goal there is sufficient, but not realized financial potential. The increase in fiscal spending in these areas is unlikely to lead to higher inflation, given its actual trend in the past decade relative to M2 monetary aggregate, but will directly affect the investment component of many underdeveloped sectors, as well as the volume of domestic production and consumer demand.
Bank of Russia at the Cross-roads: Should Monetary Policy Be Eased?
Authors: Goryunov E. , Trunin P.
Published: March 2019

Recent slowdown of economic growth forces Russian political authorities to seek for policy measures to support economic activity, and monetary expansion is considered as one of possible alternatives. During the post-crisis period monetary authorities of advanced economies have relied heavily on different sorts of monetary stimulus. Thus it is sometimes argued that Russia should better use such kind of experience and shift to aggressive monetary easing. This view is mostly wrong since it demonstrates misunderstanding of the goals of the monetary easing policy implemented in advanced economies and also ignores the differences between Russia and advanced countries with respect to macroeconomic conditions.
System Economics as a Platformfor development of modern Economic Theory
Authors: Kleiner G.
Published: March 2019

In this article the concept of system economics — a new direction in economic theory based on a view of economic processes as the creation, operation, interaction and transformation of economic systems — has been developed. The co-ordinated basic typology of economic systems, goods, processes, and management operations, which allows to represent economy functioning as a structural model of economic goods circulation, has been proposed. Potential directions of system economics application as a conceptual platform for progress in solving current tasks of modern economic theory have been defined.
Industrial Output in the USSR and Russia, 1861—2012. Part I. Reconstruction of Basic Time-series
Authors: Smirnov S.
Published: March 2019

The trajectory of the industrial output of the Russian empire/the USSR/ the Russian Federation for more than 150 years has been carefully investigated through official statistics as well as dozens of alternative estimates made by Russian and foreign experts. Alternative estimates are compared with official data and the usefulness and credibility of the latter are determined. Official figures for Russian industrial production for 1941—1945 as well as the time-series for1887—1926 as constructed by V. Varzar have been retrieved from the archives and are being introduced here for the first time.
Industrial Output in the USSR and Russia, 1861—2012. Part II. Crises and Cycles
Authors: Smirnov S.
Published: March 2019

Calculation of the aggregated "consensus" industrial production index has made it possible to date cyclical turning points and to measure the depth and length of the main industrial recessions in Russian Empire/USSR/Russia for the last century and a half. The most important causes of all these recessions are described. The cyclical volatility of Soviet/Russian industry is compared to that of American one.
Economic Turnovers and Financial Vacuum Cleaners
Authors: Dmitrieva O.
Published: March 2019

The paper considers different types of financial flows in the form of turnovers to imply the return to the starting point with direct or indirect losses. The dynamic schemes, volumes and losses of turnovers are examined: the financial turnover between federal budget, financial markets for budget surplus investmentsand financial markets for the budget deficit borrowings; pension turnover between the State Pension Fund, financial institutions for pensions’ savings and federal budget; the property turnover and the tax turnover for raw materials export. The total volume of turnovers is estimated as 15—19% of GDP with losses equal to 35% of federal budget expenditures.
The Role of Behavioral Models in the Ontological Structure of Modern Macroeconomics
Authors: Likhachev M.
Published: March 2019

Behavioral models are considered in the paper as the link between the description of the institutional structure of the economic system and the formation of macro-aggregates, reflecting the results of its operations. The degree of homogeneity of the private sector’s economic environment and complementary goals of private entities and government regulation are noted as basic characteristics of behavioral models. The author examines the differences in the estimates of these characteristics as one of the most important factors underpinning the architecture of modern macroeconomic models and their practical implications.
Breaking Promises: Hungarian Experience
Authors: Kornai J.
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the role of promises and obligations in economic life, delineates the major types of obligations and shows the devastating consequences of breaking the promises. Various additional circumstances are also considered that have to be accounted for in the balanced judgment of the situations in which the obligations are not met. The examples of breaking promises, logics of such a breaking and the factors precluding it are discussed in the ethical and political contexts as well.
Development of Social and Economic Forecasting and Ideas of A. Anchishkin
Authors: Klepach A. , Kuranov G.
Published: March 2019

The role of the prominent Soviet economist, academician A. Anchishkin (1933—1987), whose 80th birth anniversary we celebrate this year, in the development of ideas and formation of economic forecasting in the country at the time when the directive planning acted as a leading tool of economic management is explored in the article. Besides, Anchishkin’s special role is noted in developing a comprehensive program of scientific and technical progress, an information basis for working out long-term forecasts of the country’s development, moreover, his contribution to the creation of long-term forecasting methodology and improvement of the statistical basis for economic analysis and economic planning. The authors show that social and economic forecasting in the period after 1991, which has undertaken a number of functions of economic planning, has largely relied on further development of Anchishkin’s ideas, at the same time responding to new challenges for the Russian economy development during its entry into the world economic system.
How Is Non-knowledge Represented in Economic Theory?
Authors: Svetlova E. , Van Elst H.
Published: March 2019

In this article, we address the question of how non-knowledge about future events that influence economic agents’ decisions in choice settings has been formally represented in economic theory up to date. To position our discussion within the ongoing debate on uncertainty, we provide a?brief review of historical developments in economic theory and decision theory. Uncertainty is thereby understood as either based on decision-making in the context of a?state space representing the exogenous world, as in Savage’s axiomatisation and some successor concepts (ambiguity as situations with unknown probabilities), or, based on decision-making over a?set of menus of potential future opportunities, providingthe possibility of derivation of agents’ subjective state spaces (unawareness as situation with imperfect subjective knowledge of all future events possible).
Assessing the impact of the instruments of monetary policy on achieving objectives of the central bank of RF
Authors: Fedorova E. , Lysenkova A.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, using an econometric model (the model with Markov switchings), monetary policy of the Russian Federation in 2001—2011 is studied, based on the Taylor rule. CBR’s policy priorities in relation to inflation and the exchange rate in the given period are identified. Monetary tools are revealed, which support the mode selected by the CBR.
Money-based Inflation Risk Indicator:a regime Switching Model
Authors: Deryugina E. , Ponomarenko A.
Published: March 2019

We examine the relationship between probability of large fluctuations of inflation rate and monetary developments. With this purpose we identify the periods of high inflation regime for the cross-section of 15 transition economies. The obtained results are used to estimate the panel probit models that capture the relationship between probability of transition to a high inflation regime and money growth. We calculate the conditional probability of transition to a high inflation regime that may be regarded as a money-based inflation risk indicator for Russia.
What Is the Future of the Market Economy? (On the Book by Justin Yifu Lin “The Quest for Prosperity: How Developing Economies Can Take Off”)
Authors: Antipina O.
Published: March 2019

According to the opinion of Chinese economist J. Y. Lin, industrial structure of economy is endogenously determined by factors of production. Its effective operation is possible only under the influence of market forces. The main role of the government is to target the strategic support for specific industries with comparative advantages, as well as to improve the infrastructure.
Theoretical model of the Trade integration in the CiS region
Authors: Gurova I.
Published: March 2019

The paper analyzes the main tenets of economic integration theory in order to reveal the features of the CIS regional integration and propose approaches of its theoretical model development. Quantitative methods have been used to assess the effects of creation and trade diversion, the relationship between bilateral exports, investment and technology exchange. It is established that the integration of the CIS deviates from the traditional model. At the lower stage it is accompanied by deepening cooperation in various sectors that have an effect on trade integration. Thus in contrast to the model of the European Union, it is a “non-linear” one. It is argued that the integration policy in the CIS region must be changed: more attention should be paid to the investment and trade agenda instead of trade.
Requirements to doctor’s theses and innovations of regulation on awarding academic degrees (the case of economics)
Authors: Ezrokh Y.
Published: March 2019

The paper analyzes the characteristics of quantitative standards of the new Regulation on awarding academic degrees using the statistical publication activity of seekers of the degree of doctor in economics in the first half of 2013 in the context of each scientific field. The author conducts stress tests of works of doctoral students to meet requirements of the new Regulation on the basis of detailed analysis of the data. The paper is aimed for discussion, especially from the point of view of increasing requirements to work applicants and their justification.
The Symbiosis of Economic Science and Practice in Reforming (On the Book by S. Ya. Chernavsky “Reforms of the Energy Regulated Branches in Russia”)
Authors: Makarov V.
Published: March 2019

The book by S. Chernavsky is devoted to the reform of the Russian energy sector and the economy as a whole. The author assesses in detail carried out reforms and develops policy recommendations in the interest of the society. In some chapters of this book the author plays the role of an analyst, in the others - that of one of the participants directly involved in the reform or its main developer. In all cases, the analysis is combined with the use of modern economic theory, mathematical models of the behavior of economic agents and empirical data. Many mathematical models presented have been developed and evaluated in cooperation with the leading Russian experts in the field of mathematical modeling and econometrics analysis that determines their validity. The obtained results and policy recommendations allow us to count on lower transformation costs and higher probability of successful implementation of reforms.
Privatization Myths in russiaand the reality of local land Markets
Authors: Rogova M.
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the ratio of state and private forms of ownership of land and studies its local markets. The data collected as a result of field research of rural communities and also provided by real estate agencies allow to track the real growth of private property on land in municipalities. Studying the condition of local land markets at the level of rural communities one can make a number of unfavorable conclusions, such as growth of shadow sector and speculation in the prices of land plots within settlements. All these tendencies call into q uestion the existing scenario of carrying out privatization in Russia.
The lateral Diversification of region Monocities
Authors: Ryagin Y. , Zaikov M. , Zaikova V.
Published: March 2019

The industry character in a number of Russian cities historically remains monopolar. According to the authors, the way of their development can be chosen by assuming that the distribution by type of production for the whole region should be close to statistically normal. Diversification based on the proposed mathematical algorithm contributes to solving a topical problem of reducing the number of depressive monocities as concentrators of social tension in Russian society.
An Economist on History: Deirdre Mccloskey’s Perspective
Authors: Zaostrovtsev A.
Published: March 2019

The article analyzes the conception of the history and progress of mankind, presented in recent fundamental research by Deirdre McCloskey. The author stresses the non-materialistic view of institutional change that is characteristic of them. The article examines the controversy with almost all current explanations of the breakthrough of the Western world to the economic growth and prosperity. The paper also presents McCloskey’s own theory that explains this breakthrough by the radical change of rhetoric recognizing the “bourgeois virtues” and the dignity of the bourgeoisie. Attention is drawn to the fact that McCloskey’s views repudiate the predetermined course of history, on the one hand, and its irreversibility, on the other.
A New Growth Model for the Russian Economy
Authors: Kudrin A. , Gurvich E.
Published: March 2019

The recent slowdown of the Russian economy has fundamental roots and cannot be overcome by ‘simple’ measures like alleviation of monetary or fiscal policy. The major impediment to growth is marked weakness of the market environment, explained primarily with dominance of state-owned and quasi-state companies. Strong incentives for efforts to enhance efficiency by both business and public administration are required. The key objectives of policies needed to develop a new growth model are listed.
Economic Sanctions and EU-Russia Economic Relations
Authors: Klinova M. , Sidorova E.
Published: March 2019

The economic effect of EU sanctions against Russia and the retaliatory measures undertaken by Russia are examined. Sanctions fit into the logic of the destructive economic patriotism, which has gained ground under the influence of globalization in the XXI century. This type of patriotism generates autarchy and affects economic development prospects.
From the global corruption paradigm to the study of informal practices: outsiders vs. insiders
Authors: Barsukova S. , Ledeneva A.
Published: March 2019

The article compares two approaches to the analysis of corruption: the global corruption paradigm — a downstream view on corruption promoted by international organisations and policy makers, the socalled outsiders, and the analysis of informal practices — an upstream, or bottom-up, perspective of insiders, which contextualises motives and meaning of corrupt practices. The global corruption paradigm rests on the premises that corruption can be defined, measured and controlled. Since the 1990s, data on corruption have been systematically collected and monitored, yet there has been little progress in combatting the phenomenon across the globe. Success cases are rare, and policy makers are increasingly dis-satisfied with existing indicators and approaches to anti-corruption policies. On the one hand, the paper articulates the critique of assumptions, preconceptions and methodology implicit in the prevailing corruption paradigm. We question the cultural and historical neutrality of the definition of corruption, problems with its measurement, and implications for policy-making. On the other hand, the paper argues for the ‘disaggregation’ of the corruption paradigm and the necessity to integrate local knowledge and insiders’ perspectives into corruption studies. The combination of the two approaches will provide for more effective ways of tackling the challenges of corruption, especially in endemically corrupt systems.
On Goals and Measures of health Care reform in russia
Authors: Aganbegyan A.
Published: March 2019

The article contains measures aimed at deepening health care reform. It is necessary to turn to program-target management of this sector, improve the quality of functioning of medical organizations. In order to make medical services more affordable it is expedient to develop telemedicine net, establish branches of leading centers of different specialization in all regions of the country. For increasing health care financing the resources not only of the state but also of the population and organizations should be used.
Possible Economic Effects of CU—EU Trade Agreement
Authors: Knobel A. , Chokaev B.
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates the possible economic effects of free trade agreement (FTA), implying a mutual zero import tariffs in the trade between the Customs Union and the EU. Analysis of the effects is made using CGE Globe v1 model. We estimate the impact of FTA on the economies, both at the level of the entire economy and at the industry level. The sensitivity analysis is made. It is shown that, in both relative and absolute terms, Russia potentially benefits from the agreement more than the EU. The cumulative gain of the CU is strictly positive, but the benefits and costs are unevenly distributed among its members.
General Equilibrium Theory in Soviet Economic Science:bibliometric analysis
Authors: Malkov E.
Published: March 2019

This paper is the first attempt at quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Soviet literature on general equilibrium theory in 1960-1990s. We divide the papers into four subgroups: von Neumann-Gale class of models and equilibrium growth; Arrow-Debreu class of models; disequilibrium theory; other branches of general equilibrium theory. Bibliometric analysis shows that von Neumann-Gale class of models was the most popular one in the Soviet mathematical economics.
Economic Culture of the East: China
Authors: Lopatkin G.
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the features of China’s economic culture. The author traces the genesis of the economic model of the Chinese civilization and determine its potential as an alternative to the Western one. Among the characteristic properties of the Chinese model for much of the New Age one can note technological and organizational backwardness due to the restrictions imposed on the economic life of the state-bureaucratic model of the economy. The author comes to the conclusion that the Chinese model cannot act as an alternative to the Western one.
Sociostructural Aspects of Socio-Economic Development:The role of Economic approach
Authors: Shabanova M.
Published: March 2019

The author discusses the importance of studying socio-structural factors of socio-economic development through a broader application of the economic approach. The resources of status positions of economic agents are in the spotlight. A possible platform for interdisciplinary interactions is proposed which allows to increase the contribution of both economics and sociology in improving governance at all levels.
Accumulated Deficiency of Housing Investments in Russia:Threats and Prospects
Authors: Polidi T.
Published: March 2019

The author presents estimations of economic distortions in the Russian housing sector, which have become the result of the housing policy of the last 70 years. Such distortions are explained by the deficiency of investment required for supporting existing housing assets. The author suggests mechanisms for eliminating the gap between investment required and actual one. The study results allow justify the goal of the state housing policy in Russia and determine the optimal strategy for achieving this goal using available resources.
Development Strategies of Old industrial Cities
Authors: Lobodanova D.
Published: March 2019

The situation in old industrial cities all over the world is very different. Nevertheless, each city goes through a crisis. The article deals with the strategies of the cities that weathered the most severe crisis. Casestudy approach helps to analyze both the principles of successes strategies and the reasons of failure. The author makes a conclusion that the main factor of successful development of Russian old industrial cities is the recognition of crisis tendencies and the need to change approaches of strategic decision making at an early stage.
Economic models of Environment monitoring under imperfect information and high Costs
Authors: Levin M. , Matrosova K.
Published: March 2019

The paper considers monitoring of environmental change as the central element of environmental regulation. Monitoring, as each kind of principalagent relations, easily gives rise to corruptive behavior. In the paper we analyze economic models of environmental monitoring with high costs, incomplete information and corruption. These models should be the elements of environmental economics and are needed to create an effective system of nature protection measures.
The possibilities of Economic Science to make profit for high School: managers’, accountants’and financiers’ point of view
Authors: Basalaeva E.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of sales of scientific results by economic high schools in Russia. It deals with the improvement of science management, accounting and financing. The author detects main barriers existing in the sphere of sales of scientific results and suggests more effective ways to resolve the problems.
Vladimir g. wenger: scientist and his time (to the 115th birth anniversary)
Authors: Kuznetsova T.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the creative work of the Soviet economist-agrarian Vladimir Grigorievich Wenger, doctor of economic sciences, the employee of Institute of Economics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. He was not only a contemporary, but also an active participant of all the most important events of this time, having the ability to analyze and critically comprehend. Along with deep agrarian studies of collective farmers, agricultural production and rural development in the Soviet Union; that have lost their relevance at the present time, Wenger’s works contribute to the understanding of the Soviet system as a social phenomenon.
Boundedly rational versus optimization-based models of strategic thinking and learning in games
Authors: Crawford V. P.
Published: March 2019

The paper is a comment on the article by R. Harstad and R. Selten and considers the tradeoff between bounded rationality and optimization models in the game-theoretic context. The author shows that in most of the models elements of opimization are still retained and that it is thus more productive to further improve the optimization-based modeling rather than to abandon them altogether in favour of bounded rationality.
On the role of Business relations Culture in FormingInnovative Networks (The Case of Stanford University)
Authors: Grasmik K. , Kolesova A.
Published: March 2019

It is commonly assumed that a dominant role in the formation of Silicon Valley was played by such factors as the availability of highly skilled workforce, policy in the sphere of public procurement of high-tech products, participation of large companies and financial institutions. The article reveals the content of programs at Stanford University to establish links between the university staff and companies, shows their influence on the formation of innovation networks in Silicon Valley.
The russian Economy at the Turning Point
Authors: Akindinova N. , Kuzminov Y. , Yasin E.
Published: March 2019

Over the quarter of the century that has passed since the beginning of the market reforms, Russia managed to gain a more solid stance in the global economy. However, during that time Russia could not completely abandon archaic social forms like those of power-and-submission or “limited access order”, as in D. North’s concept. The article analyzes how these social patterns, replicating themselves, limit the opportunities for the transition to a new stage of economic development - the one that does not predominantly rely on the access to the oil- and-gas or administrative rent, but is based on productivity and efficiency growth.
Analysis of the quality of BasicSocial and Economic institutions That FormEnvironment of Small Business development
Authors: Podshivalova M.
Published: March 2019

The results of the statistical analysis of institutional quality impact on the rate of small business’ development in the regions of the Russian Federation are presented in the article. The methods of correlation analysis, multi-dimensional medium, card positioning have been used in the study. The sample included all the subjects of RF, except for Moscow and St. Petersburg. The author concludes that the regions are poorly differentiated according to the quality of institutions and in a medium degree - with respect to density distribution of SB. It is shown that SB does not affect the development of middle class in Russia. Every third region has institutional quality and density distribution of SB below the average.
What Determines the Costs of EmploymentProtection Legislation for Employers? Evidence from Cross-country Enterprise Surveys
Authors: Mironenko O.
Published: March 2019

The article examines the determinants of the costs incurred by employers while they fulfill the requirements of employment protection legislation. Using the World Bank Enterprise Surveys data from over 50,000 firms in 93 countries in 2005-2011 we verify that, ceteris paribus, these costs are higher for large, private, domestically owned firms in the manufacturing sector, as well as for those enterprises which are more covered by enforcement. With firm characteristics held constant, the costs of employment protection are significantly higher in more developed countries with stricter regulation of temporary employment and higher relative minimum wage, and are considerably less in countries with socialist and German legal systems than in the common law countries.