bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a Luciferase-Based Reporter System to Study Aspects of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection, Replication Characteristics, and Antiviral Drug Efficacy
Authors: Tillmanns Julia , Kicuntod Jintawee , Ehring Antonia , Elbasani Endrit , Borst Eva Maria , Obergfäll Debora , Müller Regina , Hahn Friedrich , Marschall Manfred
Published: July 2024

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) represents a highly medically important pathogen which has constantly been the subject of both molecular and clinical investigations. HCMV infections, especially those in high-risk patients, still raise many unanswered questions, so current investigations are focused on viral pathogenesis, vaccine development, and options for antiviral drug targeting. To this end, the use of suitable viral strains as well as recombinant reporter constructs in cultured cells and model systems has specific significance. We previously reported on the application of various herpesviruses that express green, red, or related fluorescent proteins, especially in the fields of virus–host interaction and antiviral research. Here, we characterized a recombinant version of the clinically relevant and cell type-adaptable HCMV strain TB40, which expresses firefly luciferase as a quantitative reporter of viral replication (TB40-FLuc). The data provide evidence for five main conclusions. First, HCMV TB40-FLuc is employable in multiple settings in primary human cells. Second, viral reporter signals are easily quantifiable, even at early time points within viral replication. Third, the FLuc reporter reflects the kinetics of viral intracellular replication, cascade-like viral IE-E-L protein production, and progeny release. Fourth, as relates to specific applications of the TB40-FLuc system, we demonstrated the reliability of quantitative antiviral compound determination in multi-well formats and its independence from fluorescence-based measurements in the case of autofluorescent inhibitors. Finally, we illustrated increased reporter sensitivity in comparison to other recombinant HCMVs. In essence, recombinant HCMV TB40-FLuc combines several molecular properties that are considered beneficial in studies on viral host tropism, replication efficiency, and antiviral drug assessment.
Clostridioides difficile and Gut Microbiota: From Colonization to Infection and Treatment
Authors: Spigaglia Patrizia
Published: July 2024

Clostridioides difficile is the main causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in hospitals in the developed world. Both infected patients and asymptomatic colonized individuals represent important transmission sources of C. difficile. C. difficile infection (CDI) shows a large range of symptoms, from mild diarrhea to severe manifestations such as pseudomembranous colitis. Epidemiological changes in CDIs have been observed in the last two decades, with the emergence of highly virulent types and more numerous and severe CDI cases in the community. C. difficile interacts with the gut microbiota throughout its entire life cycle, and the C. difficile’s role as colonizer or invader largely depends on alterations in the gut microbiota, which C. difficile itself can promote and maintain. The restoration of the gut microbiota to a healthy state is considered potentially effective for the prevention and treatment of CDI. Besides a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), many other approaches to re-establishing intestinal eubiosis are currently under investigation. This review aims to explore current data on C. difficile and gut microbiota changes in colonized individuals and infected patients with a consideration of the recent emergence of highly virulent C. difficile types, with an overview of the microbial interventions used to restore the human gut microbiota.
A High-Reliability Quantum Communication Protocol via Controllable-Signal Attenuation
Authors: Zhang Yueying , Chen Yanxiang , Shi Maolin , Zhou Qun , Liu Chao
Published: July 2024

Since the protocol for counterfactual quantum communication was proposed, complete counterfactuality can be achieved as there are no physical particles in the transmission channel. However, it relies on some restrictive factors, such as requiring an infinite number of beam splitters and no degradation. We conducted numerical simulations to assess the reliability of quantum communication combined with the actual test environment and found that the inevitable degradation, including component losses or path losses, limits the number of beam splitters. Furthermore, we carried out the experimental simulation of a high-reliability direct communication protocol using the method of controllable-signal attenuation. The peak reliability of μ1=27.6±0.22 that was obtained was much higher than the current communication protocol of the chained interferometer system. The optimized experimental equipment could compensate the system’s balance under various restrictive conditions and make it possible to achieve 100% reliability with imperfect interferometers.
Enhancing the Overall Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with a Nano-Pyramid Anti-Reflective Layer
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Wenfeng , Fu Wenfeng , Yi Zao , Yi Yougen , Zhang Jianguo , Tang Chaojun , Sun Tangyou , Zeng Qingdong , Wu Pinghui
Published: July 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still suffer from varying degrees of optical and electrical losses. To enhance the light decoupling and capture ability of Planar PSCs, an ultra-thin PSC structure with an Al2O3 pyramid anti-reflection layer (Al2O3 PARL) is proposed. The effect of the structure of the Al2O3 PARL on the photoelectric performance of PSCs was investigated by changing various parameters. Under the AM1.5 solar spectrum (300–800 nm), the average light absorption rates and quantum efficiency (QE) of PSCs containing pyramid-array textured rear layers (PARLs) were significantly higher than those of planar PSCs. The Al2O3 PARL-based PSCs achieved a light absorption rate of 96.05%. Additionally, electrical simulations were performed using the finite element method (FEM) to calculate the short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), and maximum power (Pmax). Based on the maximum value of the average light absorbance, the geometric structure of the Al2O3 pyramid PSCs was optimized, and the optimization results coincided with the JSC and QE results. The results of the electrical simulation indicated that the maximum JSC was 23.54 mA/cm2. Additionally, the JSC of the Al2O3 pyramid PSCs was 22.73% higher than that of planar PSCs, resulting in a photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.34%. As a result, the photoelectric conversion rate of the solar cells increased from 14.01% to 17.19%. These findings suggest that the presence of the Al2O3 PARL enhanced photon absorption, leading to an increase in electron–hole pairs and ultimately improving the photocurrent of the solar cells.
Experimental Study on the Reconstruction of a Light Field through a Four-Step Phase-Shift Method and Multiple Improvement Iterations of the Least Squares Method for Phase Unwrapping
Authors: Li Yucheng , Zhang Yang , Jia Deyu , Zhang Muqun , Ji Xianfa , Li Yongtian , Wu Yifeng
Published: July 2024

Phase unwrapping technology can reflect the true phase information of an image, but it is affected by adverse factors such as noise, shadows, and fractures when extracting the true phase information of an object. Therefore, corresponding unwrapping algorithms need to be studied for different interference images. This paper summarizes and analyzes various phase unwrapping algorithms and ultimately selects the required method based on their advantages and disadvantages. Using the four-step phase-shift method to reconstruct the phase of the optical field and then combining it with the least squares method to unwrap the phase through multiple improvement iterations, the simulated collected interference fringe images are simulated using the MATLAB program to complete the phase unwrapping of the interference information field. Based on the analysis of the final experimental results, the reliability of this research method was verified.
Athermal and Apochromatic Design of Equivalent Two-Component Optical System in 3D Glass Diagram
Authors: Ma Yingjun , Yang Hongtao , Chen Weining , Peng Jianwei , Guo Huinan , Zhang Guangdong
Published: July 2024

In the athermal and apochromatic design of optical systems, the distribution of lens’ optical powers and the selection of optical glass and structural materials are crucial. In this paper, an athermal and apochromatic design method is proposed for optical systems with a long focal length, large relative aperture, and wide spectrum. Firstly, a complex optical system composed of multiple lenses is equivalent to a two-component, single-lens system consisting of a replacement and an equivalent lens group. The optical glass for the replacement lens group is selected based on weight and the principle of material replacement in the 3D glass diagram, thus achieving an athermal and apochromatic design. Secondly, an athermal and apochromatic optical system with a focal length of 130 mm, an F-number of 2.0, a spectral range of 480 nm~800 nm, a field of view angle of 22°, and an operating temperature of −40 °C~+60 °C is designed. The modulation transfer function (MTF) at each field of view is greater than 0.6 at 50 lp/mm in the −40 °C~+60 °C temperature range, and the secondary spectrum aberration is 0.0056 mm, which is within the focal depth range of the optical system.
Quinoa: A Promising Crop for Resolving the Bottleneck of Cultivation in Soils Affected by Multiple Environmental Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Dehghanian Zahra , Ahmadabadi Mohammad , Asgari Lajayer Behnam , Gougerdchi Vahideh , Hamedpour-Darabi Mohsen , Bagheri Nazila , Sharma Ritika , Vetukuri Ramesh R. , Astatkie Tess , Dell Bernard
Published: July 2024

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has gained worldwide recognition for its nutritional values, adaptability to diverse environments, and genetic diversity. This review explores the current understanding of quinoa tolerance to environmental stress, focusing on drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals, and UV-B radiation. Although drought and salinity have been extensively studied, other stress factors remain underexplored. The ever-increasing incidence of abiotic stress, exacerbated by unpredictable weather patterns and climate change, underscores the importance of understanding quinoa’s responses to these challenges. Global gene banks safeguard quinoa’s genetic diversity, supporting breeding efforts to develop stress-tolerant varieties. Recent advances in genomics and molecular tools offer promising opportunities to improve stress tolerance and increase the yield potential of quinoa. Transcriptomic studies have shed light on the responses of quinoa to drought and salinity, yet further studies are needed to elucidate its resilience to other abiotic stresses. Quinoa’s ability to thrive on poor soils and limited water resources makes it a sustainable option for land restoration and food security enterprises. In conclusion, quinoa is a versatile and robust crop with the potential to address food security challenges under environmental constraints.
Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Flowers and Fruits of Cytisus striatus (Hill) Rothm
Authors: Caramelo Débora , Pitacas Inês , Vitória Cláudia , Gonçalves Joana , Gominho Jorge , Gallardo Eugenia , Anjos Ofélia
Published: July 2024

In ancient times, the shoots of certain species within the Cytisus genus were used as animal feed. Cytisus striatus is a plentiful and widespread shrub that has long been utilized as a soil fertilizer in the Iberian Peninsula. The flowers of this shrub have traditionally been employed for medicinal purposes. However, the nutritional value of yellow broom flowers and fruits remains largely unexplored. In this study, flowers and fruit of C. striatus (Cytisus striatus) were collected from natural shrubs at three different locations in Portugal during the same year. An analytical assessment of their macro and micronutrient content was conducted. Regarding nutritional composition, flowers and fruits exhibited a fibre content of 18% and 42%, protein content of 21% and 12%, lipid content of 2% and 1%, carbohydrate content of 43% and 14%, and ash content of 4% and 3%, respectively. Potassium was the most abundant mineral, with concentrations of approximately 20,094 mg/kg in the flowers and 11,746 mg/kg in the fruits, followed by calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Compared to some edible flowers and fruits, these plant parts of C. striatus showed macro and micronutrient values similar to species such as lavender, lupins, and cowpea pod husks.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Hydrogen Barrier Performance of Modified Polyamide 6 Lining of IV Hydrogen Storage Tank with Graphene
Authors: Li Jin , Zhao Xiaokou , Liang Jianguo , Zhao Chunjiang , Feng Ning , Guo Guanyu , Zhou Zhengze
Published: July 2024

The polymer liner of the hydrogen storage cylinder was studied to investigate better hydrogen storage capacity in Type-IV cylinders. Molecular dynamics methods were used to simulate the adsorption and diffusion processes of hydrogen in a graphene-filled polyamide 6 (PA6) system. The solubility and diffusion characteristics of hydrogen in PA6 systems filled with different filler ratios (3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, and 7 wt%) were studied under working pressures (0.1 MPa, 35 MPa, 52 MPa, and 70 MPa). The effects of filler ratio, temperature, and pressure on hydrogen diffusion were analyzed. The results show that at atmospheric pressure when the graphene content reaches 5 wt%, its permeability coefficient is as low as 2.44 × 10−13 cm3·cm/(cm2·s·Pa), which is a 54.6% reduction compared to PA6. At 358 K and 70 MPa, the diffusion coefficient of the 5 wt% graphene/PA6 composite system is 138% higher than that at 298 K and 70 MPa. With increasing pressure, the diffusion coefficients of all materials generally decrease linearly. Among them, pure PA6 has the largest diffusion coefficient, while the 4 wt% graphene/PA6 composite system has the smallest diffusion coefficient. Additionally, the impact of FFV (free volume fraction) on the barrier properties of the material was studied, and the movement trajectory of H2 in the composite system was analyzed.
Pine Nutshells and Their Biochars as Sources of Chemicals, Fuels, Activated Carbons, and Electrode Materials
Authors: Șen Umut , Rodrigues João F. G. , Almeida Daiana , Fernandes Ângela , Gonçalves Margarida , Martins Marta , Santos Diogo M. F. , Pereira Helena
Published: July 2024

Pine nutshells (PNSs) are lignocellulosic waste materials with limited use in domestic heating. However, a biorefinery approach may be applied to fractionate PNSs and produce chemicals, materials, and improved solid fuels. In this study, we fractionated PNSs and produced antioxidant extracts, lignins, polysaccharides, chars, and activated carbons and analyzed their potential applications. Pyrolytic kinetic modeling as an alternative method to chemical fractionation was also tested. The results showed that the PNS contains low amounts of extracts with weak thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) antioxidant properties, while its lignin content is remarkable (50.5%). Pyrolytic kinetic modeling was comparable to wet chemical analysis for estimating lignin yield. Moderate-temperature pyrolysis of the PNS resulted in a 23% char yield. The PNS chars showed improved fuel characteristics, retained 36% water, and leached 151 mg/L potassium into the water. The steam activation of PNS biochars at 750 °C resulted in oxygen-enriched activated carbons with specific surface areas up to 467 m2/g. The overall results indicate promising biochar applications of the PNS for soil amendment and supercapacitor uses.
Study on the Mobilization Mechanisms of Microscopic Residual Oil in High-Water-Cut Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Sun Chen , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhao Jian , Zhang Jin , Wu Xing , Wang Wei , Yan Xi
Published: July 2024

As mature oilfields enter the high-water-cut development stage, significant amounts of residual oil remain trapped underground. To enhance the effectiveness of tertiary oil recovery, it is crucial to understand the distribution and mobilization patterns of this residual oil. In this study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used to create a microscopic oil displacement model, which was observed and recorded using a stereomicroscope. The experimental images were extracted, analyzed, and quantitatively evaluated, categorizing the microscopic residual oil in the high-water-cut sandstone reservoirs of Dagang Oilfield into cluster-like, pore surface film-like, corner-like, and slit-like types. Polymer–surfactant composite flooding (abbreviated as SP flooding) effectively mobilized 47.16% of cluster-like residual oil and 43.74% of pore surface film-like residual oil, with some mobilization of corner-like and slit-like residual oil as well. Building on SP flooding, dual-mobility flooding further increased the mobilization of cluster-like residual oil by 12.37% and pore surface film-like residual oil by 3.52%. With the same slug size, dual-mobility flooding can reduce development costs by 16.43%. Overall, dual-mobility flooding offers better development prospects.
Zone Model Predictive Control with Ellipsoid Softing Target in Chemical Processes
Authors: Wan Xin
Published: July 2024

A zone control algorithm is proposed that considers both economic performance indicators and control performance indicators. Unlike classic set point control, zone control expands the control target into a convex set. In this study, an ellipsoid is used as the control target, and the advantages of the ellipsoid target are explained in terms of overall stability and computational load. After defining the distance measurement function and appropriate terminal constraints, an objective function that considers both control performance and optimization performance is constructed. A theoretical analysis shows that the proposed control algorithm satisfies the Lyapunov stability criterion. The superiority of the ellipsoid control target in handling complex multivariable control tasks is also demonstrated. This method has significant potential value in practical industrial applications, helping to unleash the potential control performance and economic benefits of zone control systems. Finally, the feasibility and stability of the algorithm are verified through a typical chemical process simulation.
The Effects of Working Capital Management on the Financial Performance of Commercial and Service Firms Listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya
Authors: Wanzala Richard Wamalwa , Obokoh Lawrence
Published: July 2024

Working capital management is critical because it affects a company’s profitability, liquidity, and investment decisions, all of which have an impact on financial performance. As a result, effective and efficient working capital management is an essential component for commercial and service businesses. Given the importance of the commercial and services industries to the Kenyan economy, the goal of this research was to investigate the impact of working capital management on the financial performance of these firms, particularly those listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE), from 2003 to 2022. Working capital management was measured using the average age of inventory, average collection period, average payment period, and cash conversion cycle, whereas financial performance was measured using return on asset, return on equity, and net operating profit margin. Using panel regression analysis, the results showed that the average inventory age, average collection period, average payment period, and cash conversion cycle were all negatively related to financial performance for NSE-listed commercial and service firms. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Kenyan commercial and service firms adopt prudent optimal working capital management practices to improve firm financial performance and maximize shareholder wealth.
Measuring the Prevalence, Treatment, and Associated Treatment Costs of Injury for Older Adults in India: Insights from the National Longitudinal Aging Study
Authors: Yadav Jeetendra , Yadav Priyanka , Peden Amy E.
Published: July 2024

This cross-sectional analysis of secondary data aimed to examine the injury prevalence, treatment, and associated healthcare expenditure among older adults in India. Longitudinal Aging Study India Wave 1 data for those aged 60+ years comprising sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported major injury, injury mechanism, falls and joint/bone fractures, treatment sought, and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) were analyzed. Descriptive, relative risk, bivariate, and two-part regression model analyses were conducted. Fifteen percent of the 31,464 older adults surveyed had experienced a major injury, 13% a fall and 5% a bone/joint fracture. The risk of injury increased with age and income and was higher for urban residents and females. Seventy-eight percent of those who experienced injury sought medical treatment, 56% needing treatment for a serious fall and 3% undergoing surgery. Higher proportions of females than males required medical treatment for falls and injury-related surgery, yet on average, females were spending less than males for public or private hospital treatment. Injury-related OOPE increased with age and decreased with lower education. Scaling up injury prevention efforts specifically focused on older adults will be vital given the projected growth in the older adult population in India in coming years. Such efforts will prevent unnecessary health impacts and reduce health system utilization and associated individual and family economic burden.
Global Companies’ Dynamic Response to Business Environment Uncertainty through Digital Transformation: Sustainable Digital Quality–Customer Value–Market Performance Relationships
Authors: Kim Chang-Geun , Yang Oh-Suk
Published: July 2024

This study examines the relationship between digital transformation and both the corporate image and brand awareness of global companies through the mediating effects of functional value, symbolic value, experiential value, emotional value, and social value, all of which are components of customer value. This study mainly focuses on the structural relationship in which digital quality, which is subdivided into system quality, information quality, and service quality, affects non-financial corporate image as a company with good corporate governance, a company that is good at social contribution activities, and an eco-friendly company through the mediating function of customer value. As part of the empirical analysis, an online survey was conducted among 504 employees from different global companies in China, and the PLS structural equation model was employed as a specific analysis tool. Key findings indicate that changes in system quality, information quality, and service quality resulting from digital transformation have varying influences on the five components of customer value. These factors also deliver the effect of improving corporate image in the ESG dimension by penetrating customers’ emotional and social values. Essentially, all components of dynamic capability significantly impact all components of customer value. Furthermore, all components of customer value influence corporate performance, while uncertainty affects a company’s market performance.
Correlation between Exposure to UFP and ACE/ACE2 Pathway: Looking for Possible Involvement in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Botto Laura , Bulbarelli Alessandra , Lonati Elena , Cazzaniga Emanuela , Palestini Paola
Published: July 2024

The overlap between the geographic distribution of COVID-19 outbreaks and pollution levels confirmed a correlation between exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The RAS system is essential in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases caused by pollution: the ACE/AngII/AT1 axis activates a pro-inflammatory pathway, which is counteracted by the ACE2/Ang(1-7)/MAS axis, which activates an anti-inflammatory and protective pathway. However, ACE2 is also known to act as a receptor through which SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells to replicate. Furthermore, in vivo systems have demonstrated that exposure to PM increases ACE2 expression. In this study, the effects of acute and sub-acute exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP), originating from different anthropogenic sources (DEP and BB), on the levels of ACE2, ACE, COX-2, HO-1, and iNOS in the lungs and other organs implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 were analyzed in the in vivo BALB/c male mice model. Exposure to UFP alters the levels of ACE2 and/or ACE in all examined organs, and exposure to sub-acute DEP also results in the release of s-ACE2. Furthermore, as evidenced in this and our previous works, COX-2, HO-1, and iNOS levels also demonstrated organ-specific alterations. These proteins play a pivotal role in the UFP-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, and their dysregulation is linked to the development of severe symptoms in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, suggesting a heightened vulnerability or a more severe clinical course of the disease. UFP and SARS-CoV-2 share common pathways; therefore, in a “risk stratification” concept, daily exposure to air pollution may significantly increase the likelihood of developing a severe form of COVID-19, explaining, at least in part, the greater lethality of the virus observed in highly polluted areas.
Integrating Digital Health Solutions with Immunization Strategies: Improving Immunization Coverage and Monitoring in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Pavia Grazia , Branda Francesco , Ciccozzi Alessandra , Romano Chiara , Locci Chiara , Azzena Ilenia , Pascale Noemi , Marascio Nadia , Quirino Angela , Matera Giovanni , Giovanetti Marta , Casu Marco , Sanna Daria , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Ciccozzi Massimo , Scarpa Fabio
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical importance of vaccination to global health security and highlighted the potential of digital health solutions to improve immunization strategies. This article explores integrating digital health technologies with immunization programs to improve coverage, monitoring, and public health outcomes. It examines the current landscape of digital tools used in immunization initiatives, such as mobile health apps, electronic health records, and data analytics platforms. Case studies from different regions demonstrate the effectiveness of these technologies in addressing challenges such as vaccine hesitancy, logistics, and real-time monitoring of vaccine distribution and adverse events. The paper also examines ethical considerations, data privacy issues, and the need for a robust digital infrastructure to support these innovations. By analyzing the successes and limitations of digital health interventions in immunization campaigns during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, we provide recommendations for future integration strategies to ensure resilient and responsive immunization systems. This research aims to guide policymakers, health professionals, and technologists in leveraging digital health to strengthen immunization efforts and prepare for future public health emergencies.
The Impact of Age and Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs on COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among United States Adults
Authors: Furlan Victoria A. , Chin Brian N. , Menounos Molly , Anselmi Dina
Published: July 2024

This observational study examined the relationships between age, vaccine conspiracy beliefs, and COVID-19 vaccine uptake in emerging adults (ages 20–30) and middle-aged adults (ages 50–60) residing in the United States. It also examined sociodemographic predictors of vaccine conspiracy beliefs and COVID-19 vaccine uptake—political conservativism, household income, and educational attainment. We recruited 198 emerging adults and 198 middle-aged adults to complete an online survey assessing vaccine conspiracy beliefs and COVID-19 vaccination status. First, we found that emerging adults reported stronger vaccine conspiracy beliefs than middle-aged adults (estimated mean difference = 0.43, 95CI = 0.08, 0.79, p = 0.017), but that emerging adults and middle-aged adults did not differ in their likelihood of being vaccinated with estimated rates of COVID-19 vaccination uptake of 63% in emerging adults and 64% in middle-aged adults. Political conservativism was associated with stronger vaccine conspiracy beliefs and lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Lower household income and lower educational attainment were associated with lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake but not associated with vaccine conspiracy beliefs. Second, we found that age moderated the relationship between vaccine conspiracy beliefs and COVID-19 vaccine uptake; stronger vaccine conspiracy beliefs predicted lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake among middle-aged adults (B = −0.63, 95CI = −0.90, −0.36, p < 0.001) but were not associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among emerging adults (B = −0.21, 95CI = −0.47, 0.05, p = 0.12). These results provide insight into the sociodemographic and psychological factors that influence COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Our findings can help to inform the design of targeted public health interventions to increase vaccine uptake in the ongoing fight against COVID-19. Given the crucial role of vaccination in controlling the spread of COVID-19, it is also imperative for future studies to continue investigating how age and vaccine conspiratorial beliefs intersect to impact vaccine uptake.
Global Seroprevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Antibodies in Humans, 1956–2022: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kelly Patrick H. , Zhang Pingping , Dobler Gerhard , Halsby Kate , Angulo Frederick J. , Pilz Andreas , Madhava Harish , Moïsi Jennifer C.
Published: July 2024

Despite the availability of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccines, the incidence of TBE is increasing. To understand the historical patterns of infection, we conducted a global meta-analysis of studies before December 2023 reporting human antibody prevalence against TBEV (TBE virus) among general or high-risk population groups stratified by country, collection year, serological method, and vaccination status. Pooled data were compared within groups over time by random-effects modeling. In total, 2403 articles were retrieved; 130 articles published since 1959 were included. Data were extracted from 96 general populations (117,620 participants) and 71 high-risk populations (53,986 participants) across 33 countries. Germany had the most population groups (21), and Poland had the most participants (44,688). Seven serological methods were used; conventional IgG/IgM ELISAs were the most common (44%). Four studies (1.7%) used NS1-ELISA serology. Between 1956–1991 and 1992–2022, anti-TBEV seroprevalence remained at ~2.75% across all population groups from “high-risk” areas (p = 0.458) but decreased within general populations (1.7% to 1%; p = 0.001) and high-risk populations (5.1% to 1.3%; p < 0.001), possibly due to differences in the study methodologies between periods. This global summary explores how serological methods can be used to assess TBE vaccination coverage and potential exposure to TBEV or measure TBE burden and highlights the need for standardized methodology when conducting TBE seroprevalence studies to compare across populations.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies versus Vaccination Status in CAD Patients with COVID-19: A Prospective, Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Mink Sylvia , Drexel Heinz , Leiherer Andreas , Cadamuro Janne , Hitzl Wolfgang , Frick Matthias , Reimann Patrick , Saely Christoph H. , Fraunberger Peter
Published: July 2024

Objectives: Despite the currently prevailing, milder Omicron variant, coronary artery disease (CAD) patients constitute a major risk group in COVID-19, exhibiting 2.6 times the mortality risk of non-CAD patients and representing over 22% of non-survivors. No data are currently available on the efficacy of antibody levels in CAD patients, nor on the relevance of vaccination status versus antibody levels for predicting severe courses and COVID-19 mortality. Nor are there definitive indicators to assess if individual CAD patients are sufficiently protected from adverse outcomes or to determine the necessity of booster vaccinations. Methods: A prospective, propensity-score-matched, multicenter cohort study comprising 249 CAD patients and 903 controls was conducted. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike antibodies were measured on hospital admission. Prespecified endpoints were in-hospital mortality, intensive care, and oxygen administration. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, CAD patients exhibited 4.6 and 6.1-times higher mortality risks if antibody levels were <1200 BAU/mL and <182 BAU/mL, respectively, compared to CAD patients above these thresholds (aOR 4.598, 95%CI 2.426–8.714, p < 0.001; 6.147, 95%CI 2.529–14.941, p < 0.001). Risk of intensive care was 3.7 and 4.0 (p = 0.003; p < 0.001), and risk of oxygen administration 2.6 and 2.4 times higher below these thresholds (p = 0.004; p = 0.010). Vaccination status was a weaker predictor of all three outcomes than both antibody thresholds. Conclusion: Antibody levels are a stronger predictor of outcome in CAD patients with COVID-19 than vaccination status, with 1200 BAU/mL being the more conservative threshold. Measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in CAD patients may ensure enhanced protection by providing timely booster vaccinations and identifying high-risk CAD patients at hospital admission.
Venta directa y marketing multinivel en el desarrollo productivo de Ibarra, Ecuador
Authors: Martínez Rosalva Josefina , Chiliquinga Henry Patricio , Andrade Palacios Julio César , Jaramillo Mediavilla Karina Maricela
Published: July 2024

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo describir el impacto de la venta directa y el marketing multinivel (MLM) en el desarrollo empresarial en Ibarra, Ecuador, con un enfoque en los sectores cosmético, textil, hogar, calzado y salud. Ambas estrategias implican la venta directa al consumidor final, eliminando intermediarios y utilizando redes sociales para el contacto. El estudio utilizó métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Se aplicaron encuestas a 266 residentes de Ibarra para recoger datos sobre sus experiencias y percepciones. Además, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales con líderes de la industria y participantes activos en el MLM, permitiendo una comprensión detallada de las motivaciones y desafíos. Los resultados revelan que la venta directa y el MLM fomentan el desarrollo productivo, brindan oportunidades de negocio, flexibilidad laboral y generación de empleo, además de contribuir al progreso regional mediante el pago de impuestos.
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Augmentation: From Host–Scaffold Interactions to Bottlenecks in Clinical Translation
Authors: Ostadi Yasamin , Khanali Javad , Tehrani Fatemeh A. , Yazdanpanah Ghasem , Bahrami Soheyl , Niazi Feizollah , Niknejad Hassan
Published: July 2024

Along with a paradigm shift in looking at soft tissue fillers from space-filling to bioactive materials, decellularized extracellular matrix (DEM) fillers have gained more attention considering their superior bioactivity. However, the complex mechanisms that govern the interaction between host tissues and DEMs have been partially understood. This review first covers the mechanisms that determine immunogenicity, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, and recellularization and remodeling after DEM implantation into host tissue, with a particular focus on related findings from filler materials. Accordingly, the review delves into the dual role of macrophages and their M1/M2 polarization paradigm to form both constructive and destructive immune responses to DEM implants. Moreover, the contribution of macrophages in angiogenesis has been elucidated, which includes but is not limited to the secretion of angiogenic growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The findings challenge the traditional view of immune cells as solely destructive entities in biomaterials and indicate their multifaceted roles in tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the review discusses how the compositional factors of DEMs, such as the presence of growth factors and matrikines, can influence angiogenesis, cell fate, and differentiation during the recellularization process. It is also shown that the biomechanical properties of DEMs, including tissue stiffness, modulate cell responses through mechanotransduction pathways, and the structural properties of DEMs, such as scaffold porosity, impact cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions. Finally, we pointed out the current clinical applications, the bottlenecks in the clinical translation of DEM biomaterials into soft tissue fillers, as well as the naïve research areas of the field.
Single-Molecule Traps in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Selective Capture of C
2
H
2
from C
2
H
4
-Rich Gas Mixtures
Authors: Zhou Yilun , Xie Yinghui , Liu Xiaolu , Hao Mengjie , Chen Zhongshan , Yang Hui , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Ma Shengqian , Wang Xiangke
Published: July 2024

Removing trace amounts of acetylene (C
2
H
2
) from ethylene (C
2
H
4
)-rich gas mixtures is vital for the supply of high-purity C
2
H
4
to the chemical industry and plastics sector. However, selective removal of C
2
H
2
is challenging due to the similar physical and chemical properties of C
2
H
2
and C
2
H
4
. Here, we report a “single-molecule trap” strategy that utilizes electrostatic interactions between the one-dimensional (1D) channel of a covalent organic framework (denoted as COF-1) and C
2
H
2
molecules to massively enhance the adsorption selectivity toward C
2
H
2
over C
2
H
4
. C
2
H
2
molecules are immobilized via interactions with the O atom of C=O groups, the N atom of C≡N groups, and the H atom of phenyl groups in 1D channels of COF-1. Due to its exceptionally high affinity for C
2
H
2
, COF-1 delivered a remarkable C
2
H
2
uptake of 7.97 cm
3
/g at 298 K and 0.01 bar, surpassing all reported COFs and many other state-of-the-art adsorbents under similar conditions. Further, COF-1 demonstrated outstanding performance for the separation of C
2
H
2
and C
2
H
4
in breakthrough experiments under dynamic conditions. COF-1 adsorbed C
2
H
2
at a capacity of 0.17 cm
3
/g at 2,000 s/g when exposed to 0.5 ml/min C
2
H
4
-rich gas mixture (99% C
2
H
4
) at 298 K, directly producing high-purity C
2
H
4
gas at a rate of 3.95 cm
3
/g. Computational simulations showed that the strong affinity between C
2
H
2
and the single-molecule traps of COF-1 were responsible for the excellent separation performance. COF-1 is also robust, providing a promising new strategy for the efficient removal of trace amounts of C
2
H
2
in practical C
2
H
4
purification.
Strong Field Ionization Dynamics Resolved by Two-Color Elliptical Phase-of-Phase Spectroscopy
Authors: Jin Wuwei , Jiang Tao , Liu Jinlei , Luo Sizuo , Ren Dianxiang , Li Xiaokai , Wang Chuncheng , Lang Yue , Wang Xiaowei , Zhao Jing , Zhao Zengxiu , Ding Dajun
Published: July 2024

We investigate the strong field ionization of argon using counter-rotating 2-color dual-elliptical phase-of-phase spectroscopy. We perform a multidimensional control experiment over the 2-color dual-elliptical laser field to modulate the photoelectron momentum spectra generated under strong fields. Incorporating the classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculation, we study the behavior of the relative phase contrast and the phase of phase and clarify how the enhancement of temporal precision in angular resolution measurements is achieved when the relative phase corresponds to the frequency of 3
ω
. Our results uncover the potential for using quantitatively controlled 2-color elliptical fields to realize precise probes of the attosecond ionization and scattering dynamics.
In vitro antiviral activity of curcumin-loaded selenium nanoparticles against human herpes virus type 1
Authors: Khosravian-Dehkordi Pegah , Asadi-Samani Majid , Altememy Dhiya , Javadi-Farsani Fatemeh , Akbari Marzieh , Moradi Mohammad-Taghi
Published: July 2024

Background and aims: Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most common and contagious viruses in humans. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol that produces antiviral effects against various viruses, such as HSVs. Despite curcumin’s numerous effects and benefits, its insolubility has reduced its clinical effectiveness. During recent decades, significant progress has been made in nanodrugs, which has helped expand new delivery systems. This study investigated the in vitro antiviral activity of curcumin-loaded, folic acid-chitosan-coated selenium nanoparticles (SeNP) against HSV-1. Methods: Synthesized SeNPs loaded with curcumin and coated with folic acid-chitosan molecules were used in this experimental study. The studied groups comprised cells and the virus-containing curcumin, acyclovir, and NPs with or without curcumin. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated on Vero cells using the MTT assay. Antiviral activity was investigated using the MTT colorimetric assay, and the inhibitory effect on HSV-1 was studied using a 50% tissue culture infectious dose assay. Results: The results of this research demonstrated that curcumin (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50]=5.64 µg/mL) and curcumin-loaded SeNPs (IC50=1.15 µg/mL) exhibited satisfactory antiviral potential against HSV-1 in vitro, while curcumin-loaded, folic acid-chitosan-coated SeNPs produced no antiviral effect against HSV-1 due to increased cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the curcumin and curcumin-loaded SeNPs had acceptable antiviral potential against HSV-1. Loading curcumin with SeNPs makes the compound more active at a lower concentration, and therefore, lower doses can be administered to treat HSV-1 infection.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENAGIH HUTANG YANG MEMAKSA MASUK RUMAH DAN BERBUAT KEKERASAN
Authors: Hasbi Fariz Rifqi
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAK Utang-piutang merupakan perbuatan hukum perdata, namun penagihan utang oleh kreditur dapat mengandung unsur pidana jika dilakukan secara melawan hukum. Contohnya, penagihan dengan memasuki rumah debitur tanpa izin dan melakukan pemaksaan. Tindakan ini melanggar Pasal 167 ayat (1) dan Pasal 355 ayat (1) KUHP. Penerapan pasal-pasal tersebut membutuhkan batasan dan indikator agar dapat diterapkan secara tepat. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai masalah ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif atau penelitian doktrinal, yang menganalisis hukum baik sebagaimana tertulis dalam undang-undang maupun sebagaimana diputuskan oleh hakim melalui proses yudisial. Tindakan kreditur yang memaksa masuk ke rumah debitur melanggar Pasal 167 ayat (1) KUHP. Selain itu, tindakan kreditur yang memaksa debitur untuk membayar utang dengan ancaman kekerasan melanggar Pasal 355 ayat (1) KUHP. Oleh karena itu, kreditur yang melakukan kedua perbuatan tersebut dapat dikenakan kedua pasal tersebut secara komulatif karena terindikasi melakukan perbarengan tindak pidana atau concursus. ABSTRACT Debts are an act of civil law, but debt charging by creditors may be criminal if done against the law. For example, billing by entering the debtor's house without permission and performing forced enforcement. This act violates Article 167 (1) and Article 355 (1) of the Covenant. The application of these articles requires limitations and indicators in order to be properly applied. Therefore, further research needs to be done on this issue. This study uses normative jurisprudential methods or doctrinal research, which analyzes the law both as written in the law and as decided by the judge through the judicial process. The act of a creditor forcing a debtor to enter the debtor's house is a violation of Article 167 (1) of the Covenant. Furthermore, the act of the creditor to force a debitor to pay the debt with the threat of violence is in breach of Article 355 (1) of this Code. Therefore, a crediteur who commits both such acts may be charged with both of these articles in conjunction because it is indicated to have committed a criminal offence or a concorsius.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM PREDATORY PRICING OLEH KOMISI PENGAWAS PERSAINGAN USAHA TERHADAP FLASH SALE
Authors: Andarwulan Gabriella Dhewani Sekar
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAKFlash sale merupakan gaya promosi yang disediakan oleh platform jual beli online seperti Shopee dimana pelaku usaha berkesempatan untuk menawarkan produknya dengan harga jual rendah dalam rentan waktu yang ditentukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis terpenuhi atau tidaknya program flash sale pada fitur Shopee sebagai predatory pricing menurut aturan perundang-undangan persaingan usaha di Indonesia. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam peraturan tersebut telah diatur tentang larangan melakukan menjual suatu produk dengan harga rendah yang dianggap dapat mengakibatkan persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Adapun parameter atau tolok ukur jual rugi sebagai predatory pricing adalah dilakukannya penetapan harga rendah dengan tujuan menyisihkan atau memukul pesaing. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan menganalisis program penjualan flash sale sebagai predatory pricing dan tindakan penegakan hukum yang dapat diambil. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian, digunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian dengan metode tersebut adalah bahwa terdapat beberapa pelaku usaha di Shopee yang telah memenuhi unsur dan tolok ukur predatory pricing menurut hukum persaingan usaha di Indonesia. ABSTRACT Flash sale is a promotional method provided by online buying and selling platforms such as Shopee where business actors can offer their products at low selling prices within a specified time frame. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the flash sale program on the Shopee feature is fulfilled as predatory pricing according to competition laws and regulations in Indonesia. This is because competition laws and regulations have regulated the prohibition of selling a product at a loss that is considered to be able to result in unfair business competition. The parameters or benchmarks for selling at a loss as predatory pricing determine low prices to eliminate or kill competitors' businesses. Therefore, this study will analyze the flash sale program as predatory pricing and the actions that can be taken against business actors who have carried out predatory pricing. The normative juridical method is used with a statutory approach to answer the research objectives. As a result of the study using this method are that several business actors on Shopee have met the elements and benchmarks of predatory pricing according to competition law in Indonesia.
INFLUENCE OF LASER PROCESSING MODES OF VT1-0+MN19 BIMETAL ON THE STRUCTURE AND MICROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE REMELT BATHS
Authors: SHMORGUN V.G. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, SLAUTIN O.V. , KUZNETSOV S.A. , KROHALEV M.V. ,   Volgograd State Technical University,   Volgograd State Technical University,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: July 2024

It has been established that during laser processing of a bimetal copper-nickel alloy MN19 + titanium VT1-0 mode with a power P = 1400 W and a laser beam speed of 0.8 m/min with a diameter of 2 mm provides optimal characteristics of the remelting bath in terms of hardness and uniformity of structure. It has been shown that a remelting bath with a homogeneous structure is ensured at a specific radiation energy of 52.52 J/mm2. In this case, an increase in the microhardness of the remelting bath by 1 GPa with an increase in the speed of movement of the laser beam and a decrease in the diameter of the spot is explained by an increase in its cooling rate.