bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing of a Solar-PV/Wind operated AC-DC Microgrid with LabVIEW Controller
Authors: Thomas Vinu , Athikkal Sivaprasad , Sundaramoorthy Kumaravel , Sankar Ashok
Published: January 2019

This paper discusses about a LabVIEW based controller for the hybrid renewable energy system operated AC-DC microgrid with the major objectives of: i) predicting the power generation potential of the solar–PV and wind generators  ii) effective power management  iii) load scheduling based on the available power with the renewable sources and iv) grid/islanding mode of operation of the microgrid. In order topredict the output power of wind generator and Solar-PV system, an artificial neural network is developed.The laboratory-scale model of three phase, 400 V, 10 kVA microgrid structure is developed at National Institute of Technology Calicut, India. The developed LabVIEW based controller has been tested successfully for a real-time load and source in the laboratory environment. Test results show that the designed controller is effectively managing the output powerof the primary energy sources under different scenarios.
Side Effects of Damping Element Insertion in LCL Filter for DC/AC Inverter
Authors: Samman Faizal Arya , Hasan Ma'arif , Damayanti Tirza
Published: January 2019

The negative impacts or side effects of a damper circuit insertion in an LCL passive filter utilized to filter DC/AC inverters output voltage is presented in this paper. For comparative study, this paper discusses two damping configurations, namely series and parallel damping, as well as the LCL filter without damping element. Four criteria are used to explore the impacts of the damper circuits, i.e. their total  harmonic distortions (THDs), the output voltage amplitude, the output power and the power efficiency. Theoretically and emphirically shown by previous studies, the damper can indeed reduce the peak resonance frequency of the filter in its frequency response curve. However, in any circumstance, it can potentially reduce the inverters power and efficiency, voltage output amplitude, and cannot improve its THD reduction. The analysis results have shown that the side effects depends also on the load conditions, which are different for each damping circuit configuration.
Design and Analysis of In-Wheel Double Stator Slotted Rotor BLDC Motor for Electric Bicycle Application
Authors: Farina S. , Firdaus R.N. , Azhar F. , Azri M. , Ahmad M. S. , Suhairi R. , Jidin A. , Sutikno Tole
Published: January 2019

This paper discusses about design and analysis of double stator slotted rotor (DSSR) BLDC motor for electric bicycle application. Usually single stator (SS) BLDC motor is used in an electric bicycle. This type of motor has low performance and need to be charged regularly. The objective of this research is to design and analysis DSSR motor that have high torque. At starts, design specification for the electric bicycle is calculated. Next, design process for DSSR is carried out by using the desired parameter. Lastly, analysis for double stator slotted rotor is simulated using FEM. Result  for average back emf, average inductance, inner stator flux density, outer stator flux density, average torque and estimate torque constant is obtained. Result for average torque from FEM archieve the requirement of motor torque for DSSR design where the maximum average torque is 16.2 Nm. This research will give benefit to mankind and society in term of environment protection and energy consumption.
Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller for Induction Machine Feed by Three Level Inverter
Authors: Lahcen Lakhdari , Bouchiba B.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, using synthesis of a hybrid control is applied to the speed of an induction motor feed by three-level inverter. Based on the combination of the fuzzy logic and the sliding mode approach, this method has the advantage of combining the performances of the two types of controllers. The fuzzy logic confers a very appreciable flexibility to the reasoning which uses and makes it possible to take into account Imprecisions and uncertainties, The sliding mode is a controller for nonlinear systems with non-constant parameters; it leads to precision and robustness, and allows solving problems obtained by conventional control laws. To lift the stresses of external disturbance and makes the system more performing and more robust, the two controllers of fuzzy logic and sliding mode are combined.
Direct Torque Control Strategy of PMSM Employing Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter
Authors: Yuhendri Muldi , Ahyanuardi Ahyanuardi , Aswardi Aswardi
Published: January 2019

Matrix converter is a good choice for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives, because it has high power density and does not require dc-link energy storage. the disadvantages of conventional matrix converter is using 18 active switches, so it becomes expensive and the modulation method becomes more complicated than back to back converter. To minimize this problem, this paper proposes variable speed drive of PMSM using Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter (USMC) based on Direct Torque Control (DTC) methods. This converter uses only 9 active switches, making it cheaper than conventional matrix converter. DTC is designed based on Space Vector Modulation (SVM) to reduce torque and flux ripples due to  the hysteresis control in conventional DTC. The simulation results show that DTC based SVM using USMC effectively controls the rotor speed with low torque and flux ripples.
Investigation of Passive Filter Performance on Three Phase DC to AC Converter
Authors: Mohammad Noor S.Z. , Rosmizi N. , Aminudin N. , A.H Faranadia
Published: January 2019

This work presents investigation of passive filter performance on three-phase inverter with 180° conduction mode. The simulation model of the inverter is developed by using MATLAB/Simulink. The power circuit used Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) as switching device. The inverter is controlled by using bipolar Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique. The IGBT was set to 25 kHz for switching frequency (fs). Three types of passive filters which are LC, RC and PI filters are used to investigate the ability to remove the unwanted signal that occurred on the inverter. The result is analyzed based on the performances of output filter in term of Total Harmonic Distortion in voltage (THDv), current (THDi), shape of output voltage and current. The THD must be less than 5% at rated inverter output voltage or current by referring to IEC 61727 Standard. The passive filter is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink environment to study the characteristics and performance of the filters.
Control of Pole-Climbing Robot Orientation using Self-Tuning Method
Authors: Aziz Muslim Muhammad , Dwi Nusantoro Goegoes , Nur Hasanah Rini , Hasyim Asy’ari Mokhammad
Published: January 2019

This paper describes the method to control a hybrid robot whose main task is to climb a pole to place an object on the top of the pole. The hybrid pole-climbing robot considered in this paper uses 2 Planetary PG36 DC-motors as actuators and an external rotary encoder sensor to provide a feedback on the change in robot orientation during the climbing movement. The orientation control of the pole-climbing robot using self-tuning method has been realized by identifying the transfer function of the actuator system under consideration, being followed with the calculation of control parameters using the self-tuning pole-placement method, and furthermore being implemented on the external rotary encoder sensor. Self-tuning pole-placement method has been explored to control the parameters q0, q1, q2, and p1 of the controller. The experiments were done on a movement path in a form of a cylindrical pole. The first experiment was done based one the change in rotation angle of the rotary sensor with the angle values greater than 50˚ in the positive direction, whereas the second experiment was done with the angle values greater than -50˚ in the negative direction. The experiment results show that the control of the robot under consideration could maintain its original position at the time of angle change disturbance and that the robot could climb in a straight direction within the specified tolerance of orientation angle change.
DC-DC Boost Converter Design for Fast and Accurate MPPT Algorithms in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System
Authors: Hashim Norazlan , Salam Zainal , Johari Dalina , Nik Ismail Nik Fasdi
Published: January 2019

The main components of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (SAPV) system consists of PV array, DC-DC converter, load and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control algorithm. MPPT algorithm was used for extracting maximum available power from PV module under a particular environmental condition by controlling the duty ratio of DC-DC converter. Based on maximum power transfer theorem, by changing the duty cycle, the load resistance as seen by the source is varied and matched with the internal resistance of PV module at maximum power point (MPP) so as to transfer the maximum power. Under sudden changes in solar irradiance, the selection of MPPT algorithm’s sampling time (TS_MPPT) is very much depends on two main components of the converter circuit namely; inductor and capacitor. As the value of these components increases, the settling time of the transient response for PV voltage and current will also increase linearly. Consequently, TS_MPPT needs to be increased for accurate MPPT and therefore reduce the tracking speed. This work presents a design considerations of DC-DC Boost Converter used in SAPV system for fast and accurate MPPT algorithm. The conventional Hill Climbing (HC) algorithm has been applied to track the MPP when subjected to sudden changes in solar irradiance. By selecting the optimum value of the converter circuit components, a fast and accurate MPPT especially during sudden changes in irradiance has been realized.
Fault Diagnosis in Static Converters Used in Induction Heating Systems
Authors: Fadli Ouahiba , Bendaas Mohamed Lokmane , Abdessemed Rachid
Published: January 2019

This paper presents different techniques on fault diagnosis in static converters used to supply and control induction heating systems. These techniques allow the detection and the location of the failed semiconductor switches. After an overview of the device with its main features in healthy state, we have afterwards focused on the fault detection and diagnosis in three electronic power converters which constitute the power generator of the induction furnace. For uncontrolled three-phase rectifier, three external methods based on the analysis of lines currents are used: Average currents method, Current space vector trajectory, called Current Park’s vector approach and Spectrum analysis. For the buck converter (chopper), analytic redundancy approach, based on the residues calculation, is used. For the series resonant inverter, a simple and efficient method based on the average voltages analysis, allows the detection and the location of the power switch in fault. The obtained simulation results, in Matlab/Simulink, are presented and discussed. They reveal that the proposed diagnostic techniques are of great interest.
Expert System Based on Fuzzy Logic: Application on Faults Detection and Diagnosis of DFIG
Authors: Cheriet Ahmed , Bekri Abdelkader , Hazzab Abdeldjebar , Gouabi Hicham
Published: January 2019

Electrical energy production based on wind power is gaining area as renewable resources in the recent years because it gets clean energy with minimum cost. The major challenge for wind turbines is the electrical and the mechanical failures which can occur at any time causing damages and therefore it leads to machine downtimes and to energy production loss. To avoid this problem, several methods have been developed and used. In this paper, we proposed an expert system based on fuzzy logic which can detect and diagnosis DFIG’s faults via the Stator current’s signatures. The fuzzy inference system exploits the root mean square values of the stator’s currents according to expert’s rules to diagnosis the DFIG’s state. The smart proposed expert system is verified using simulations done under Matlab/Simulink. The obtained results are very interesting and show the efficiency of the proposed strategy.
Implementation of Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller in PMSM Drives Using DSP
Authors: Wahsh Said , Ahmed Y. , Elzahab Abo
Published: January 2019

This paper presents interval type-2 fuzzy logic (IT2FL) controller applied on a direct torque controlled (DTC) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), using digital signal processing (DSP). The simulation of PMSM with space vector pulse widths modulation (SVPWM) inverter presented under several operating condition. To verify the simulation results a hard ware setup is prepared and tested at several operating conditions using dspace 1102 DSP model.  The experimental and simulation results are in agreement and the torque dynamic response is very rapid and the system achieves the steady state in a very short time.
Cuckoo Search Based DTC of PMSM
Authors: Yassin Amir , Wahsh Said , Badr M.
Published: January 2019

Hysteresis controllers (HC) are used to limit the torque and flux in the control band in conventional configuration of direct torque control (DTC) while in the space vector pulse width modulated (SVPWM) DTC, the HC are switched to PI or PID controllers. This paper presents a modern approach for the speed control applied on a DTC of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using the Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO) algorithm in order to optimize the PI speed controller parameters of the outer loop and PID flux and torque controllers of the inner loop. The system is tested at no load and with a step change in load.

The performance of the controllers is presented and the results of simulation indicate a very rapid dynamic response and the system achieves the steady state (SS.) in a very short time. Also it shows that both the SS. and dynamic performances are improved by applying of the CSO algorithm. The proposed DTC simulation model of the PMSM is presented using MATLAB / SIMULINK and capable of simulating both the steady-state and dynamic response. The CSO results are compared with another control strategy that incorporates fuzzy logic controller (FLC) with DTC.

 
Comparison between Fuzzy Logic and PI Control for The Speed Of BLDC Motor
Authors: Ahmed Akram H. , Kotb Abd El Samie B. , Ali Ayman M.
Published: January 2019

In this paper the analytical comparison of brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive with proportional integral (PI) and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based speed controllers is estimated. Proportional integral (PI) has disadvantages like it do not operate properly when the system has a high degree of load disturbances. In recent years, the application of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for high dynamic performance of motor drives has become an important tool. FLC is a good for load disturbances and can be easily implemented. The modeling and simulation of both the speed controllers have been made by MATLAB/SIMULINK. The dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (speed and torque) response, obtained under PI and Fuzzy logic based speed controller, are compared for various operating condition.
A Concise Review of Control Techniques for Reliable and Efficient Control of Induction Motor
Authors: Alwadie Abdullah
Published: January 2019

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Induction motors are work-horse of the industry and major element in energy conversion. The replacement of the existing non-adjustable speed drives with the modern variable frequency drives would save considerable amount of electricity. A proper control scheme for variable frequency drives can enhance the efficiency and performance of the drive. This paper attempt to provide a rigorous review of various control schemes for the induction motor control and provides critical analysis and guidelines for the future research work. A detailed study of sensor based control schemes and sensor-less control schemes has been investigated. The operation, advantages, and limitations of the various control schemes are highlighted and different types of optimization techniques have been suggested to overcome the limitations of control techniques
A Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Interface System for Delivering Active and Reactive Powers
Authors: Mooniarsih Neilcy T , Masri Syafrudin , Hafeez Mohd , Hiendro Ayong
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) interface for delivering both active and reactive powers. The PV interface employs H-bridge topology DC-DC converter and inverter with analog control technology. The power flow is controlled solely by the adjustable DC output voltage of the DC to DC converter. In order to evaluate the PV interface system’s performances, it is tested by delivering power to the grid with low pawer factor. The experimental results show that at 300W active load, the inverter could deliver the reactive power of 400VAR. The PV interface could also produce very low harmonic voltage and current distorsions. The laboratory measurements show that the total harmonic distortions of inverter output voltage and current are 0.46% and 0.05%, respectively
Fuzzy Logic Controller Effectiveness Evaluation through Comparative Memberships for Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Function
Authors: Attia Hussain
Published: January 2019

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is an important objective needed to gain maximum power from solar photovoltaic panel during the weather condition variation. Many studies and solutions are proposed in literature, most of them focus on the type of algorithm which adopted for MPP tracking through using same driver i.e. DC-DC Boost converter. Among these algorithms, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) demonstrates high quality performance by fast tracking response and robust effectiveness. This paper proposes a FLC by a new harmony of the input and the output variables through comparative study to the controller tracking behavior. To track the MPP, the proposed solution controls the change of duty cycle for PWM gate drive pulses width variation to drive the designed Buck-Boost DC-DC converter. MATLAB/Simulink software is selected to simulate the introduced controller. The simulation results are reflecting the promising indications to adopt the presented proposal as an effective MPPT system for practical applications.
A Survey of Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter Topologies, Controls, and Applications
Authors: Shanono Ibrahim Haruna , Abdullah Nor Rul Hasma , Muhammad Aisha
Published: January 2019

Multi-level converters are every day attracting research interest due to it tremendous positive contributions they are making in the power industries. The converter has put hope in the minds of power electronic engineers that a time will come when it will break a record by providing an efficient means of utilizing the abundant renewable energy resources. The paper presents a review of multilevel voltage source converters that are widely being used in engineering applications. It reports the technological advancements in converter topologies of Flying Capacitor (FC), Neutral Point (NPC) /Diode Clamped, and Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Recent customized/hybrid topologies of the three-phase multilevel inverter with reduced component count and switching combination are reported. The paper also reviewed different modulation techniques such as the multilevel converter carrier base PWM, Space Vector Modulation techniques (SVM), and Selective Harmonic Elimination method (SHE-PWM). Finally, various multilevel converters areas of application were highlighted. This review will expose the reader to the latest developments made in the multi-level topologies, modulation techniques, and applications.
Analysis of Different Meta Heuristics Method in Intelligent Fault Detection of Multilevel Inverter with Photovoltaic Power Generation Source
Authors: Manjunath T. G. , Kusagur Ashok
Published: January 2019

Meta Heuristic methods have made a deep impact in the area of optimization in different streams of engineering. The performance of these algorithms is of importance because the hardware implementation of these algorithms is to be carried out for different engineering applications. As an important application in High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission and Industrial Drives the multilevel inverter fault diagnosis is carried out using the different meta-heuristic methods with Neural Network as the decision making algorithm. The optimization of the weight and the bias values in the neural network diagnosis system is carried out in order to analyze the performance by means of comparing the Mean Square Error (MSE) while the Neural Network is getting trained for different fault conditions in the multilevel inverter. Matlab based implementation is carried out and the results are tabulated and inferred for a Multilevel Inverter fed from the Photovoltaic power generation system. In order to increase the robustness of the fault detection, with renewable energy based power generation system as the source for the Multilevel Inverter, the feature extracted from the multilevel inverter are positive, negative and zero sequence voltage along with the THD of the output voltage. The optimization algorithm used is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Cuckoo Search Algorithm(CSA), Genetic Algorithm(GA) and Tabu Search Algorithm (TSA).
An Overview of Bidirectional AC-DC Grid Connected Converter Topologies for Low Voltage Battery Integration
Authors: Kroics Kaspars , Husev Oleksandr , Tytelmaier Kostiantyn , Zakis Janis , Veligorskyi Oleksandr
Published: January 2019

Battery energy storage systems are becoming more and more popular solution in the household applications, especially, in combination with renewable energy sources. The bidirectional AC-DC power electronic converter have great impact to the overall efficiency, size, mass and reliability of the storage system. This paper reviews the literature that deals with high efficiency converter technologies for connecting low voltage battery energy storage to an AC distribution grid. Due to low voltage of the battery isolated bidirectional AC-DC converter or a dedicated topology of the non isolated converter is required. Review on single stage, two stage power converters and integrated solutions are done in the paper.
An Open-Circuit Fault Detection Method with Wavelet Transform In IGBT-Based DC/AC Inverter Used in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Moosavi Saeid , Akbari Hesam , Valipour Saeed
Published: January 2019

Today power electronics play an important role in the electric industry. Power electronic converters are an inseparable component in power systems. One of these converters is DC/AC inverter that is widely used in power systems, industrial applications, electric motor drive and electric vehicles. Due to the tense situation with the complexity that exists in these applications, inverters are exposed to failure. The fault occurring in inverter can cause disturbance and damaging harmonics, cut some industrial processes to in the power system or in the case of electric vehicles, causing irreparable damage. For this reason, detecting faults in the inverter is very important. In this paper, open circuit fault of IGBT in an electric vehicle has been examined. We use three-phase current and wavelet transform to identify the state of the system and we can extract current waveform characteristics. We use neural network algorithm for fault detection and classification.  An electric vehicle in 5 different speeds and 5 different torque and a total of 220 failure modes have been studied and tested. The results show the method has been succeeded to detection all forms of defined faults
Meso- and microporous carbon electrode and its effect on the capacitive, energy and power properties of supercapacitor
Authors: Taer Erman , Taslim R. , Sugianto Sugianto , Paiszal M. , Mukhlis Mukhlis , Mustika W. S. , Agustino Agustino
Published: January 2019

Activated carbon monoliths (ACMs) with average pore diameters in the meso- and micropore regions were successfully produced from biomass material. ACM synthesis uses chemical activation with KOH and ZnCl2 activating agents. The carbon and activating agent mass ratios were 1:1, 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7. Both activating materials produced an ACM with an average pore diameter of 3.2 nm. The specific capacitance, specific surface area, energy and power were as high as 63 F/g, 650 m2/g, and 0.23 Wh/kg for KOH and 73 F/g, and 522 m2/g, and 19 W/kg for ZnCl2 activating agents, respectively. For comparison, we also studied the physical and electrochemical properties of ACM with an average pore size in the micropore range from the same raw material.
Hybrid-modulation-based control technique for reduction of output voltage ripples in frequency-modulated switch-mode power converters
Authors: Stepins Deniss , Huang Jin , Audze Janis
Published: January 2019

In this paper a novel control technique for switching-frequency-modulated switch-mode power converters (SMPC) operating in discontinuous conduction mode is proposed. The use of the technique leads to significant reduction in peak-to-peak output voltage and peak currents increased due to straightforward application of switching frequency modulation (SFM). The technique is based on hybrid modulation scheme in which both switching frequency and duty ratio are modulated simultaneously by the same modulation signal. Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the proposed technique are presented in details. Both computer simulations and experiments show that switching-frequency-modulated SMPC with the proposed control technique in comparison to SMPC without SFM has appreaciably lower conducted electromagnetic emissions, at the cost of slightly increased peak-to-peak output voltage and peak currents.
Analysis of the Effect of an Installation of a Single Tuned Passive Filter on Harmonics and Distribution Transformers
Authors: Aini Zulfatri , Ahnur Zainal , Setiawan David , Fudholi Ahmad
Published: January 2019

Non-linear loads on power systems cause harmonics and losses in distribution transformers. Results of the measurements on the two distribution transformers showed several phase transformer test-driven development (TDD) values above the standard SPLN D5.004-1: 2012. The values were 5.58% in the phase transformer, T 1 and 5.48% and 6.10% in S and T phases of the second transformer, respectively. In the calculations, the transformer losses due to harmonic currents were 1.64 kW in the phase transformer T 1, and 1.64 kW and 1.82 kW in the S and T phases of transformer 2, respectively. Designing a single-tuned passive filter based on the characteristics of the current, voltage, power, and power factor in the phase transformer with a value above the TDD standard can reduce the harmonics and losses. A filter with different specifications in each filtered phase transformer was obtained. The filter reduced the TDD value on the phase transformer T 1 to 3.55% and to 3.88% and 3.43% on the on phase T and S phases of transformer 2.  Moreover, it reduced the losses to 0.73 kW on phase transformer T 1, and 1.02 kW and 0.92 kW on the S and T phases of transformer 2. 
Comparison between PI and PR Current Controllers of a Grid- Connected Photovoltaic System Under Load Variation
Authors: Essaghir Soukaina , Benchagra Mohamed , El barbri Noureddine
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a current control technique for a three-phase grid-connected DC /AC inverter which is used in photovoltaic systems. A Proportional-Resonant (PR) controller is used for replacing the conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller in this system. By comparison with the conventional PI control method, the PR control can introduce an infinite gain at the fundamental frequency and hence can achieve zero steady-state error. The proposed model is based on two control loops: the first control loop regulates DC link voltage and the second one is used to keep the injected current to the grid in phase with the voltage by means of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) in order to achieve a unit power factor and to adjust the output power as required. In order to examine the effectiveness of the suggested control, a simulation using the Matlab/Simulink software has been done and it’s concluded from the simulation results that the presented control by using the PR controller can be able to maintain maximum active power and to keep always a unity power factor despite variation load.
An Alternative Power Supply System During Peak Loads Using Solar Cells
Authors: Zulfikar Zulfikar , Zulhelmi Zulhelmi , Mulyadi Agus
Published: January 2019

Utilization of renewable energy becomes a necessity in the future due to the fossil energy supply continues to decline. In Indonesia, the use of electricity from renewable sources is minimal. The utilization of solar energy in Indonesia is still limited to remote areas or islands. The main problem of electricity in Indonesia, especially in the city of Banda Aceh, is the frequent occurrence of power outages from the state power plant (PLN), especially during peak load time (WBP). Outside of that time, electricity supply exceeds demand. This study aims to utilize solar energy to reduce the electricity consumption of PLN during WBP. The system is designed to divert the power supply from PLN to the solar power plant (PLTS). The results of a survey of 10 A (current limit) customers are used as a reference to calculate PLTS capacity. During WBP, PLTS supplies to the load, beyond that time, PLN will supply the load. The system is designed to store maximum energy beyond the WBP period into the battery, the source of energy is mainly from the PLTS and alternatively from the PLN when the PLTS can not supply the maximum power. Based on battery energy, the system diverts the load supply from PLN when the battery energy is below the recharge limit. In the case of 10 A customers, with the energy requirement during WBP of 4.3 kWh, it requires 12 solar panels (160 Watt maximum power) arranged in parallel. Thus, the system needs three batteries with 150 Ah capacity also assembled in parallel. The implementation results prove that the PLTS can store solar energy to the battery properly, the system also successfully divert the PLTS source to the load at the time of WBP and transfer back to the PLN source when the battery energy is less than the recharge limit.
Maximum Power Point Tracker Using Fuzzy Logic Controller with Reduced Rules
Authors: Haddouche Adel , Kara Mohammed , Farah Lotfi
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a fuzzy logic controller for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic system with reduced number of rules instead of conventional 25 rules to make the system lighter which will improve the tracking speed and reduce the static error, engendering a global performance improvements. in this work the proposed system use the power variation and current variation as inputs to simplify the calculation, the introduced controller is connected to a conventional grid and simulated with MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results shows a promising indication to adopt the introduced controller as an a good alternative  to traditional MPPT system for further practical applications
Experimental Study of Photovoltaic Thermal-Thermoelectric (PVT-TE) Air Collector
Authors: Nazri Nurul Syakirah , Fudholi Ahmad , Ruslan Mohd Hafidz , Sopian Kamaruzzaman
Published: January 2019

In this study, an experimental study has been conducted to determine the performance of the photovoltaic thermal- thermoelectric air collector (PVT-TE) hybrid system. Hybrid system consists of photovoltaic panel (PV) and thermoelectric modules (TEs) that can improve the energy efficiency of the system. The results of output temperature (To) and plate temperature (Tp) obtained from the experiment have been used to determine the performance of this hybrid system. Effect of mass flow rate and radiation intensity is also being investigated. Experimental studies were carried out at 0.02 kg/s and 0.09 kg/s which represent minimum and maximum of mass flow rate, and radiation intensities in the range of 268-922 W/m2.
Differential Evolution Based Solar Photovoltaic Array Reconfiguration Algorithm for Optimal Energy Extraction during Partial Shading Condition
Authors: Tazally M. A. I. A. , Tajuddin M. F. N. , Azmi A. , Ayob S. M. , Sutikno T.
Published: January 2019

To increase energy yield from an installed photovoltaic (PV) array, particularly during partial shading condition (PSC), a new technique based on reconfigurable PV array interconnection is proposed in this work. The proposed technique works by dynamically changing the interconnection of PV modules to form a new configuration using a switching matrix inside the array. The criteria of good reconfigurable PV array interconnection techniques depend on the efficiency and accuracy of the control algorithm to optimally reconfigure the PV array to maximize the total output power. Hence, this paper proposes a new control algorithm using differential evolution (DE) for photovoltaic array reconfiguration (PVAR). To verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm, DE is compared with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Results confirm that DE performs well in terms of the amount of energy production during PSC. For all the nine shading patterns tested on a 3 × 3 PV array, DE yields 1% to 5% more power than PSO.
Investigation of the Experimental Characterization of the Different Inorganic Light Emitting Diodes (LEDS) and the Photovoltaic Effect on These LED
Authors: Remidi Kamel , Cheknane A. , Haddadi M.
Published: January 2019

This paper describes our experiments on the electrical characterization of commercial light emitting diodes of different colors as well as their photoelectric effect. This experiment was conducted at the IMS of Bordeaux, which has a measurement bench allowing the intrinsic characterization of different light-emitting diodes in direct and reverse polarization. This bench also makes it possible to compare these experimental values with the theoretical values obtained by modeling.A second work done at the ENP of El-Harrach allowed us to put in place measurement means to show that there is a photovoltaic effect on the LEDs. For this purpose, we have measured the electrical characteristics of different LEDs and studied their light intensities using an EPLEY pyranometer. This work involved red, green , yellow ,white and blue LEDs. The photovoltaic behavior of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was studied at ENP D'El Harrah Algeria, for a period of three days in March 2016. LEDs were exposed to solar radiation in the form of unitary units of LEDs. 9-16 hours These irradiated LEDs were monitored for photo-generated voltage and current at one-hour intervals. Solar radiation on a horizontal surface was measured using a Pyranometer.
An Adaptive Neural Network Controller Based on PSO and Gradient Descent Method for PMSM Speed Drive
Authors: Ali Zribi , Frijet Zaineb , Chtourou Mohamed
Published: January 2019

In this paper, based on the combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and neural network (NN), a new adaptive speed control method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed. Firstly, PSO algorithm is adopted to get the best set of weights of neural network controller (NNC) for accelerating the convergent speed and preventing the problems of trapping in local minimum. Then, to achieve high-performance speed tracking despite of the existence of varying parameters in the control system, gradient descent method is used to adjust the NNC parameters. The stability of the proposed controller is analyzed and guaranteed from Lyapunov theorem. The robustness and good dynamic performance of the proposed adaptive neural network speed control scheme are verified through computer simulations.
Resonance Propagation and Elimination in Integrated and Islanded Microgrids
Authors: Siva Reddy K. V. , Moulali SK. , Harinadha Reddy K. , Rami Reddy Ch. , RajannaRajanna B. V. , Venkateswarlu G. , Amarendra Ch.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a micro grid resonance propagation model is investigated. To actively mitigate the resonance using DG units, an enhanced DG unit control scheme that uses the concept of virtual impedance is proposed. It can be seen that a conventional voltage-controlled DG unit with an LC filter has a short-circuit feature at the chosen harmonic frequencies, whereas a current-controlled DG unit presents an open-circuit characteristic. The application of underground cables and shunt capacitor banks may introduce power distribution system resonances. This paper additionally focuses on developing a voltage-controlled DG unit-based active harmonic damping technique for grid-connected and islanding micro grid systems. An improved virtual impedance control method with a virtual damping resistor and a nonlinear virtual capacitor is proposed. The nonlinear virtual capacitor is used to compensate the harmonic dip on the grid-side inductor of a DG unit LCL filter. The virtual resistance is principally answerable for micro grid resonance damping. The effectiveness of the proposed damping method is examined using each a single DG unit and multiple parallel DG units.
An Analysis of Virtual Flux Direct Power Control of Three-Phase AC-DC Converter
Authors: Mohd Yusoff Nor Azizah , M. Razali Azziddin , Abdul Karim Kasrul , Jidin Auzani , Sutikno Tole
Published: January 2019

This paper presents an analysis of virtual-flux direct power control (VFDPC) technique for the three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) ac-dc converter. The proposed VFDPC is developed by assuming the grid voltage and converter line filters quantities are related to a virtual three-phase ac motor. The controller works with less number of sensors by eliminating the voltage sensors used for measuring the three-phase grid voltage. The grid virtual flux which is proportional to the grid voltage will be estimated from the information of converter switching states, line current, and dc-link output voltage. Several analyses are performed in order to study the steady state and dynamic performance of the converter, particularly during the load and DC voltage output reference variations. The proportional integral (PI) controller at the outer voltage control loop of VFDPC is tuned properly and the entire PWM ac-dc converter system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink to ensure the dc output voltage follow the desired output voltage under steady state and dynamic conditions. Ac-dc converter utilizing the proposed VFDPC is able to generate three-phase input current waveforms that are almost sinusoidal with low harmonics contents which is less than 5% and near unity power factor (pf) operation.
Adaptive Controllers for Enhancement of Stand-Alone Hybrid System Performance
Authors: Kean Yew Weng , Ramasamy Agileswari , Sukumar Shivashankar , Marsadek Marayati
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system (SHRES) consisting of solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT) and battery energy storage (BES) in an effort reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. The renewable energy sources have individual inverters and the PV inverter of the SHRES is operated using active and reactive power control. The PV inverter have two main control structures which are active power control and reactive power control and each contain a proportional integral (PI) controller. Accurate control of the PV inverter’s active power is essential for PV curtailment applications. Thus, this paper aims to enhance the performance of the SHRES in this work by optimizing the performance of the PV inverter’s active power PI controller parameters through the design of adaptive controllers. Therefore, an adaptive controller and an optimized adaptive controller are proposed in this paper. The performances of the proposed controllers are evaluated by minimizing the objective function which is the integral of the time weighted absolute error (ITAE) criterion and this performance is then compared with a controller that is tuned by the traditional trial and error method. Simulation results showed that the optimized adaptive controller is better as it recorded an error improvement of 42.59%. The dynamic optimized adaptive controller is more adept at handling the fast changes of the SHRES operation.
Solid-State Transformer (S2T) of Single Phase Matrix Converter
Authors: Zainuddin Zafirah , Baharom Rahimi , Mohd Yassin Ihsan , Safuan Muhammad Khairul
Published: January 2019

Solid-State Transformer (S2T) also known as Power Electronic Transformer (PET) is applied in various industrial fields compared to the conventional transformer due to it flexible voltage transfer ratio, high power density, and low harmonic distortion. This paper presents the S2T of Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC) that acts as cyclo-converter. A 1kHz frequency was synthesized on the primary side of the transformer using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique, whilst, the output converted by the SPMC that produces the 50Hz frequency. A part of AC to AC operation, the switching algorithm for safe-commutation technique is also presented to solve the commutation problem caused by the usage of inductive load. Minimization of size, losses and optimal efficiency are the advantages of this approach. The proposed model was simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink (MLS).
Using the Five-Level NPC Inverter to Improve the FOC Control of the Asynchronous Machine
Authors: Es-Saadi Mouna , Khafallah Mohamed , Chaikhy Hamid
Published: January 2019

Many researches have been dedicated to develop the induction motor drive control strategy used on the railway traction applications. In this paper we propose to investigate and to improve the electric locomotives by using a Field Oriented Control (FOC) strategy of induction motor drive. This induction motor can be powered by a five-stage neutral point inverter controlled by sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) due to good quality for output voltage and The use of fast switches. Both conventional and improved locomotives are simulated in Matlab/Simulink and compared in open loop conditions   and closed loop conditions using IP controller, in term of torque response, current harmonic distortions and rotor speed response.
Modeling and Real-Time Simulation of Induction Motor Using RT-LAB
Authors: Hamed A. , Hazzab A.
Published: January 2019

This paper presents the modeling and real-time simulation of an induction motor. The RT- LAB simulation software enables the parallel simulation of power drives and electric circuits on clusters of a PC running QNX or RT- Linux operating systems at sample time below 10 µs. Using standard Simulink models including SimPowerSystems models, RT-LAB build computation and communication tasks are necessary to make parallel simulation of electrical systems. The code generated by the Real-Time Workshop of RT- LAB is linked to the OP5600 digital real-time simulator. A case study example of real-time simulation of an induction motor system is presented.This paper discusses methods to overcome the challenges of real-time simulation of an induction motor system synchronizing with a real-time clock.
New Version of Adaptive Speed Observer based on Neural Network for SPIM
Authors: Thuy Pham Ngoc , Phu Nguyen Diep , Huu Nguyen Khuong , Van Nguyen Nho
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a novel Stator Current based Model Reference Adaptive System (SC_MRAS) speed observer for high-performance Six Phases Induction Motor (SPIM) drives using linear neural network. The article aim is intended to improve performance of an SC_MRAS observer, which were presented in the literature. In this proposed scheme, the measured stator current components are used as the reference model of the MRAS observer to avoid the use of a pure integrator and reduce the influence of motor parameter variation. The adaptive model uses a two-layer Neural Network (NN) to estimate the stator current, which has been trained online by means of a Least Squares (LS) algorithm instead of uses a nonlinear Back Propagation Network (BPN) algorithm to reduce the complexity and computational burden, it also help to improve some disadvantages cause by the inherent nonlinearity of  the BPN algorithm as local minima, two heuristically chosen parameters, initialization, and convergence problems, paralysis of the neural network. The adaptive model of the proposed scheme is employed in prediction mode, not in simulation mode as is usually the case in the literature, this made the proposed observer operate better accuracy and stability. In the proposed observer, stator and rotor resistance values are estimated online, these values thereafter were updated for  the current observer and rotor flux identifier to enhance the accuracy, robustness and insensitivity to parameters variation for the proposed observer. The proposed LS SC_MRAS observer has been verified thought the simulation and compared with the BPN MRAS observer. The simulation results have proven that  the speed is estimated a consequent quicker convergence, do not need the estimated speed filter, lower estimation errors both in transient and steady state operation, better behavior in low and zero speed operation.
Soft Computing Technique of Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for PMBLDC Motor Drive
Authors: Devi R. Meena , Premalatha L.
Published: January 2019

A novel speed controller for the three-phase Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Drive is proposed using a closed-loop AC-DC Bridgeless SEPIC Converter in continuous Conduction mode. This design proposes a single stage AC-DC converter with ON and OFF state equivalent circuits for 400W, 48V at 2450 rpm PMBLDC motor drive. The Fuzzy based voltage and current controlling method is proposed in this design. The voltage controlling method is used to control the speed for BLDC motor and the current controlling method is used to improve the power factor in AC supply. The speed of BLDC motor is observed with voltage disturbance and the constant motor speed is maintained. The proposed control method on SEPIC converter fed PMBLDC motor drive is modeled by Simulink/Matlab.
Design and Analysis of Adaptive Sliding Mode with Exponential Reaching Law Control for Double-Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Turbine
Authors: Belgacem Kheira , Mezouar Abelkader , Essounbouli Najib
Published: January 2019

The main objective of this paper is to continue the development of activities of basic and applied research related to wind energy and to develop methods of optimal control to improve the performance and production of electrical energy from wind. A new control technique of Double fed induction generator for wind turbine is undertaken through a robust approach tagged nonlinear sliding mode control (SMC) with exponential reaching law control (ERL). The SMC with ERL proves to be capable of reducing the system chattering phenomenon as well as accelerating the approaching process. A nonlinear case numerical simulation test is employed to verify the superior performance of the ERL method over traditional power rate reaching strategy.  Results obtained in Matlab/Simulink environment show that the SMC with ERL is more robust, prove excellent performance for the control unit by improving power quality and stability of wind turbine.