bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curriculum and Learning the Course World Civilization at Bangladesh Islami University, Bangladesh
Authors: Md. Abdullah Al Zobair
Published: November 2024

Pedagogy is critical aspect of classroom teaching at all educational levels and particularly in tertiary level. Globally there has no unique teaching style to educate undergrad students, despite most universities basically follow the old-fashioned lecturing style. To assess students’ learning, written examinations, assignments, presentation and field work are still followed while main emphasis put on formal examinations. World Civilization as a 100-mark mandatory course involving three credit for the third year law students in Bangladesh Islami University outlines wide coverage of the entire journey of human civilization that encompasses from the beginning of the universe to recent phenomena. The course vastly helps the students to extend their knowledge of different ancient, medieval and modern civilizations, major religions that immensely contributed the world, major wars that accelerated civilization growth and recent phenomena of world politics. This article about the pedagogy what I follow to educate undergrad students in and out of the classroom, curriculum what the department prescribed for them to understand the civilization and the assessment style what the university stipulated.
The Role of Rural Development Scheme (RDS) of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited in Developing Social Justice in the Economy of Bangladesh
Authors: Thowhidul Islam
Published: November 2024

Socio-economic development of a country can truly be measured by ensuring social justice. It requires the expansion of development facilities equally in urban and rural areas. In this urbanized society, the rural areas are lagging behind in every field of development, and the rural development has become a challenge for every country like Bangladesh having huge population living in village areas. Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL), has been playing an important role in developing social justice by creating economic opportunities for the rural population. The bank established a Shari’ah based Microfinance program named Rural Development Scheme (RDS) in 1995 with the objective of alleviating rural poverty by providing micro-investment to the agricultural and rural sectors. Presently, the scheme is being implemented in around 18,810 villages. Some 940,989 members of around 28,740 centers, of whom 79% are female, are involved in this scheme. For this investment, RDS adds a flat 12.5% profit rate on the purchasing prices and provides a rebate of 2.5% for timely payment, while the CM institutions charge between 15 to 22% interest. The scheme has also been contributing to the moral and ethical development of the rural people. This paper is aimed at assessing the activities of RDS program with a view to analyzing its role in the development of social justice in the economy of Bangladesh. The study has been designed to identify the problems and prospects of the program and thus recommend the ways to improve the program.
Culture as the Reflection of a Society: A Sociolinguistics Phenomenon
Authors: Md. Zahidul Islam
Published: November 2024

This article revisits traditional definitions of culture and society to establish a sound criticism of existing coherence-based approaches. Culture also means the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects shared by a particular people, the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs and also both a bridge to our past and a guide to the future By expanding the one-dimensional concept of culture to a four-field-matrix, a likewise contemporary and practical concept of culture is formulated which is likely to supply reasonable answers to disputed questions regarding the formation of cohesion in society along with language which is also a system of signs with standard meanings that allows members of a society to communicate with one another in the perspective of sociolinguistics. It is a cultural heritage and the key to cultural transmission also. It is finally argued that the prevalent diagnosis of multi collectivity should be expanded to a desideratum of radical multi collectivity, the goal of providing increasing individual access to ever more collectives, leading to an increase in both social stability and developmental dynamics.
Teachers’ Attributes and Their Students’ Research Productivity
Authors: Reynaldo V. Moral
Published: November 2024

Teachers play a significant role in the intellectual development of students in various techniques, assessments, and methods to improve student skills in school’s subjects. This study therefore, focuses on the effects of research teachers’ personal and professional attributes and their senior high school students’ research productivity. The respondents’ attitudes toward research were also looked into. These were correlated together with the students’ performance in research as evidenced by their outputs. The population of the study is comprised of 11 public and 4 private secondary schools in Cebu City. A total number of 36 research teachers with their corresponding students comprising 111 were selected through purposive sampling techniques. The reliability of the tools using Cronbach Alpha is generated above 0.783, 0.808, and 0.811 which means good and acceptable. Multiple statistical procedures, simple frequency and percentages, weighted means, and descriptive inferential analysis were employed to obtain stronger validity to the study. The results of the study identified that students’ level of research productivity are categorized as “Beginning” and having desirable attitudes towards research. Likewise, teachers have positive attitudes towards doing research and its benefits to their teaching practice and students’ learning process.  Using the Pearson r and multiple regressions; the results of the study identify negligible relationship and no significant difference between most of the teacher factors and student research output. However, the teachers’ attitudes are statistically significant in relation to student’s output while the teachers’ output and students’ output have significant difference. Reliable research trainings and providing teaching materials are recommended to address these gaps.
Automatic Method to Rate Websites Based on Terms of Services
Authors: Mehraj U’Din Bhat  , Dr. Satwinder Singh
Published: November 2024

Terms of services agreement of a website, though neglected by most of the users, plays a major role in deciding whether the website policies are designed by considering the developer /owner and users rights and needs. This paper focuses on developing an automatic tool that ranks websites based on their terms of services agreements using concept of natural language processing. This is the first such attempt in the field. The developed tool uses bag of words text classification approach and 2-layered artificial neural network. The method works in two phases: first phase consists of training and machine learning. It classifies terms into good, bad and neutral classes. This cond phase defines rating scale and ranks websites into classes A, B, C, D and E. Around 65.5% accuracy observed during testing phase opens the doors for research in developing such tools.
Risk Perception and Public Effort to Cope Covid-19 in Nepal
Authors: Ashma Silwal  , Bhuwan Chalise  , Deepa Limbu
Published: November 2024

An infectious disease: pandemic of 21st century, Covid-19 is posing risk and threat to people, countries and world. Nepal is affected through waves of Covid-19. This study aims to assess risk perception; threat felt by public and public’s effort to cope Covid-19. Online survey has been used for conducting this survey assessing demographic information, risk perception and threat along with public support regarding Covid-19. Likert scale from scale 1 which is very unlikely to scale 10 which is very likely is used for risk perception and threat analysis. Information has been taken from newspaper as secondary sources. Public support non pharmaceutical measure for epidemic control and there is lack of testing kits and data collection in Nepal. Public have knowledge of Covid-19 symptoms but are not familiar with strain of Covid-19. Public are aware of transmission of Covid-19 and familiar about prevention of Covid-19 but do not know about specific set of treatment of Covid-19. Moderate level of threat is felt by maximum respondents and high level of threat is posed to elderly and people with compromised immune system by Covid-19. Likeliness of risk is more for health care workers whereas people are more scared due to Covid-19 outbreak. People are self-conscious about Covid-19, PCR test should be increased in Nepal. Focus should be given to health workers as they are carrying high risk from Covid-19. Information about prevention, symptoms and transmission of Covid-19 needs to communicate through means of social media, mass media and visual arts.
The Dire State of Urban Sociology and Geography
Authors: David Emanuel Andersson  , Habtamu Wondimu
Published: November 2024

This is a review of an article published by David Emanuel Andersson, entitled “The Dire State of Urban Sociology and Geography”. The article synthesizes the empirical and theoretical literature in the field of urban sociology and Geography; although the paper primarily teases out the urban economic processes. Hence, I have tried to acquaint the main theme, objectives, and findings of this article inspired by prominent urban geographers and sociologists while evincing the urban studies of the Marx foundation of labor theory and his methodological adoptions.
Madrasah Education In Bangladesh: A Comparative Study Between Aliya And Qawmi
Authors: Syed Mahbubul Alam Al-Hasani
Published: November 2024

In the Muslim world, many students receive their formal education inmadrasah, including in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, the Aliya madrasah hasreceived national recognition for its religious and modern integration system,while the Qawmi education needs to be reformed. Conversely, the QawmiMadrasah education system has not been reformed to meet today's needs. Thispush for reform will modernize their educational systems, especially in lightof the need to produce scholars who have a balance between religious andmodern knowledge. Many researchers have studied Islamic education,religious education, and traditional education, but there has been no research,especially no comparative analysis between the Aliya and Qawmi Madrasahsystems in Bangladesh. Therefore, an initiative must be taken to conductresearch for this purpose. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparativestudy between the two educational systems Aliya and Qawmi Madrasah. Bystudying these two systems, it is found that Aliya system provides a combinededucation of religious and modern education which can be adopted by theQawmi to improve their existing education from which a large number ofstudents are graduated every year in Bangladesh. The study examined theemergence of these two types of madrasas and discussed some importantissues such as administrative systems, curricula, educational systems, teachingand learning methods, sources of income, recruitment of teachers, andchallenges of these two systems. After a long discussion, somerecommendations were made to improve both education systems according totheir requirements and needs. This is a historical and analytical work. Thephilosophical technique was used for critical reflection and practicalsuggestions. The purpose of this comparative study is to present all thepositive and negative aspects and compare and contrast them with theireducational environment.
EoT (Excellence of Things™): Digital Transformation Model for Business Excellence
Authors: Syed Mahsud Ali
Published: November 2024

The entire digital ecosystem is disrupted due to disruptive innovation. Digital Transformation (DT) is the way of enabling businesses with innovative technology to either disrupt others in the ecosystem or protect the digital firm itself from disruption. Digital firms can either be failures or successful based on how they approach DT because DT is now at the heart of the business model of a digital firm. In the 21st century, organizations incline to implement DT, which is an exceptional means of achieving business excellence (BE) to achieve outstanding quality. Inspired by IoT’s “of the things” concept, DT-based excellence framework, “EoT – Excellence of Things™” can be developed that utilizes frameworks, platforms, services, and best practices related to BE to add value to digital firms. Thus, this study explores a theoretical model of DT-based BE. Also, the meaning of EoT™ for digital firms and DT-based BE components is explored through an in-depth interview. The Delphi method has been applied as a tool for data collection from a panel of experts from different educational and professional backgrounds. They are from several industries too.
 
The Nvivo application analyzed the responses acquired from the open-ended questions. The analysis generated a few ‘drivers’ that influence a digital firm to achieve EoT™. Moreover, based on the EoT™ framework discussed in this article, there are three enablers such as Corporate of Things (CoT), Lean of Things (LoT) and Data of Things (DoT). As per the participants’ responses, the significant aspects of EoT™ that have to be taken care of during the implementation of EoT™ to add value to a digital firm are supportive Organizational Culture (38%), Process Driven (23%), Strong Leadership (14%), Employee Motivation (8%), Quality Management (6%) and Excepting Digital Transformation (6%). However, other factors such as Management Commitment (2%) and Transparency (3%) are also considered aspects of EoT™ implementation. Finally, the relationship between drivers and the three enablers’ integration is discussed elaborately. The findings have implications for four principles of the EoT™ framework. Lastly, an EoT Reference Model (ERM) has been generated from the analysis. Other implications have been discussed too.
Child Prostitution in Bahir Dar
Authors: Tesfaye Ayalew  , Abie Assres Fenta
Published: November 2024

The main objective of this article review is to try to boil down an article which has been conducted by Tesfaye Ayalew (1998), entitled “child prostitution in Bahirdar.” In doing so, from the very inception I attempted to attune the severity on the practice/activity on child prostitutes which has been stated from the introductory part of the article. And in general, I endeavor to recapitulate the related literature, methods employed, and so forth followed by critics imposed on his article.
The Impact of Using the Multimodal Approach in English for Academic Purpose Courses: An Experimental Study
Authors: Moriom Akter  , Serajum Munira
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implications of a multimodal approach to teaching EAP courses, with a focus on a private university in Bangladesh, and whether this approach would improve learners’ attitudes toward learning English. An effective experiment was designed and presented to two groups of undergraduate learners at the Green University of Bangladesh to measure the impact of multimodal approach in teaching learning of English. To begin, one group of learners was taught English using a traditional approach, whereas the other group was taught English using a multimodal approach in their English for Academic Purpose courses. Approximately 90 learners from both groups and a few instructors of the course ‘English for Academic Purpose’ in each group took part in this experimental study. The results of this experiment revealed that learners in the English for Academic Purpose course prefer to use a variety of modes or semiotic resources simultaneously to better grasp a subject. This comprises a multimodal approach, which incorporates various modalities and aids in the learners’ acquisition of multiple language abilities simultaneously. Based on the participants’ suggestion, this study concludes that the multimodal approach is preferable to the conventional technique.
Bridging Centuries: The Relevance of Al-Mawardi’s 100 Thoughts in Addressing Today’s Global Challenges
Authors: IBN MAMAT ABU HANIF
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the multifaceted implications of the philosophy and thoughts of Al-Mawardi, a seminal figure in Islamic jurisprudence and political theory, for contemporary global issues and development. Al-Mawardi’s extensive work in the 11th century laid down foundational principles of governance, ethics, and social welfare within an Islamic framework, offering insights into justice, leadership, and the role of the state. The paper, entitled “100 Implications of Philosophy and Thoughts of Al-Mawardi for the Current World and Development,” does not literally enumerate one hundred implications but employs ‘100’ symbolically to represent the vast, multidisciplinary impact of Al-Mawardi’s ideas across various fields including political governance, international relations, social justice, economic policies, environmental stewardship, education, and digital ethics among others. In an era marked by rapid globalization, digital transformation, and complex socio-political challenges, Al-Mawardi’s principles on ethical governance, adaptability of Islamic law, and community welfare provide crucial insights for contemporary discourse. This paper examines how Al-Mawardi’s thought can inform current debates on democratic values, human rights, global cooperation, and the sustainability of development efforts. It delves into the relevance of his work in promoting religious pluralism, enhancing international diplomacy, and addressing the ethical challenges posed by technological advancements. Furthermore, this analysis extends to exploring Al-Mawardi’s contributions to understanding the dynamics of globalization, the importance of education in the knowledge economy, and strategies for conflict resolution and peacebuilding in today’s interconnected world. By drawing parallels between Al-Mawardi’s philosophical underpinnings and modern developmental goals, the paper aims to highlight the enduring relevance of his thought in guiding ethical governance, fostering social cohesion, and promoting a just and equitable global society. Through a comprehensive review of Al-Mawardi’s legacy, this paper contributes to the ongoing scholarly engagement with Islamic political thought, emphasizing its potential to address contemporary issues and support sustainable development across cultures and civilizations. The multidisciplinary implications of Al-Mawardi’s philosophy underscore the timeless value of integrating ethical principles with practical governance to navigate the complexities of the 21st century.
EVANGELIZAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO DA FAMÍLIA: ESTUDO A PARTIR DA MENSAGEM DO PAPA FRANCISCO PARA O 49° DIA MUNDIAL DAS COMUNICAÇÕES
Authors: Emilena Santiago Daniela , Favaro Esteves Germano Miguel , Aparecida de Lima Maria Tereza
Published: November 2024

Os meios pelos quais a Igreja Católica comunica sua doutrina aos católicos tem apresentado significativa diversidade contemporaneamente. Esse processo que está em curso desde meados dos anos 90 do século XX no Brasil tem se ampliado substancialmente e um dos elementos que demonstra esse direcionamento da Igreja Católica é a instituição do Dia Mundial das Comunicações Sociais, em meados dos anos 60. Esse dia se caracterizou pela realização de uma reflexão temática, proposta pelo Vaticano, e expressa por meio de uma carta com mensagens específicas e mutáveis a cada ano. No ano de 2015 a temática de discussão foi orientada pela questão familiar, sendo assim a comunicação direcionada para a família. Nesse artigo foi realizada a reflexão e o estudo da mensagem papal de 2015 conferida em analogia ao Dia Mundial das Comunicações Sociais. Para compreender e conhecer esse documento e os sentidos nele conferidos foi realizada leitura do mesmo e sua análise correspondente. A metodologia usada para o presente artigo foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise documental. Foi possível inferir que a mensagem papal fala diretamente às famílias buscando orientá-las no seu processo de comunicação cotidiana. A reflexão na mensagem papal reafirma postulados vinculados a fé cristã como a necessidade de comunicar a fé, demanda por discursos positivos e que estimulem o vínculo entre os pares. A comunicação é compreendida como algo inerente às famílias sendo as mesmas o primeiro agente comunicador com o qual as pessoas têm contato. De forma que, o documento se mostra como extremamente representativo da fé católica ao passo que adapta a linguagem para o momento contemporâneo.
Constructions narratives et dispositifs scéniques dans la photographie des défunts
Authors: de la Cruz Lichet Virginia
Published: November 2024

Cet article propose une réflexion sur les différents modes de représentation de la mort (et du deuil) à travers la photographie, la vidéo et l’installation immersive avec des exemples du 19e siècle (les portraits photographiques de défunts) et une sélection d’oeuvres plus contemporaines (Walter Schels, Andrés Serrano, Bill Viola, etc.) pour analyser l’évolution des constructions narratives et des dispositifs scéniques dans l’image visuelle. La photographie et le cinéma se sont rapidement emparés de la tradition picturale de la représentation de la mort. Très vite, ces médiums ont dû innover dans la construction de dispositifs scéniques et ont proposé de nouveaux récits visuels et audiovisuels autour de la mort.
Essai poético-philosophique sur l’infinitisation de la mort chez Piranèse (1720-1778) : expérience des ruines et traversée des temporalités, archéologie de l’eau-forte et fondement de la perception
Authors: La Chance Michaël
Published: November 2024

Dans cet essai, nous voyons comment l’expérience des ruines et l’imaginaire des prisons conduisent le graveur/architecte Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720-1778) à explorer plusieurs registres de temporalité, à s’engager dans une recherche d’origine, une exploration de la mémoire et une méditation sur la mort. Les mausolées étrusques, les columbariums romains sont des métaphores pour parler de nos édifices conceptuels et des bas-fonds de la psyché. L’eau-forte interroge l’ordre symbolique d’une époque quand ce médium devient l’analogon de celle-ci, le dispositif d’inscription dans lequel se donne une épaisseur du monde. Par des exercices de perdition et de sublimation, de discontinuité et de répétition, l’artiste trouve en lui-même le principe de sa continuité.
Nouvelles scénographies de la mort en Europe : expression d’un rapport à la
nature réinventé
Authors: Iszatt Annabelle
Published: November 2024

Avec un angle de vue spatialisé sur l’espace de la mort, le propos explicite
des dispositifs funéraires, en s’appuyant sur les formes qui empruntent à
l’imaginaire de la nature, notamment avec l’évocation de la faune et de la flore.
Derrière ces représentations fortement symboliques se révèlent des préoccupations
actuelles (écologie, proximité avec la nature, détachement des signes religieux),
associées à des innovations techniques rendues indispensables par la densité
urbaine. Le texte illustre un effacement du paysage architectural et un rituel
renforcé autour du devenir du corps. Ces scénographies témoignent d’un changement de
paradigme et d’une nouvelle stratégie pour contenir la mort, dans une vision apaisée
qui coexiste avec le vivant non humain.
Dimensions in Testimony : illusion holographique et interaction par-delà la mort
Authors: Lemelin Isabelle
Published: November 2024

Le présent article traite de Dimensions in Testimony, une technologie d’hologrammes 3D interactifs permettant aux visiteurs de différents musées de rencontrer et d’interroger des survivants virtuels de la Shoah qui racontent leur histoire personnelle. L’article se concentre sur les notions de « mémorial » et de « témoignage ». Après un bref rappel de l’historique et du rôle des représentations visuelles et textuelles de la Shoah, un arrêt sur ces images holographiques montre comment elles permettent de réunir les vivants et leurs doubles et, bientôt, les vivants ainsi que les morts ou leurs doubles. Enfin, à partir d’un survol de la littérature traitant de ces « illusions », d’entrevues réalisées au Musée de l’Holocauste de Montréal et de mes propres interactions avec cette technologie, ce que ces images disent de notre rapport à la mort est mis en lumière.
Le droit fondamental à un milieu de travail sûr et salubre à l’épreuve de conditions
sécuritaires et sanitaires des travailleurs miniers artisanaux congolais : contribution au
travail décent dans le secteur minier de la République démocratique du Congo
Authors: Via Balole Christian
Published: November 2024

Les préoccupations sécuritaires et sanitaires au travail sont au coeur du mandat
constitutionnel de l’Organisation internationale du Travail. Cette dernière a réaffirmé
l’importance de ces préoccupations en 2022 en incluant le milieu de travail sûr et salubre
dans le cadre des principes et droits humains fondamentaux au travail. Confrontant ce droit
aux conditions de travail dramatiques auxquelles sont soumis les travailleurs miniers
artisanaux congolais, cet article propose les mécanismes juridiques pouvant concourir à la
mise en oeuvre de ce droit dans le secteur minier congolais. En effet, cette contribution
met en évidence la nécessité de combler le déficit du droit congolais de la santé et la
sécurité au travail, de promouvoir la notion d’autonomie collective, la syndicalisation de
travailleurs et de rendre effective l’installation des institutions de contrôle et de
sanction des atteintes à la législation sociale et minière. En dernier lieu, cet article
souligne l’importance de conditionner l’octroi d’agrément des coopératives minières à
l’existence préalable de mécanismes mis en place par elles afin de garantir le respect des
droits substantiels et procéduraux à un milieu de travail sûr et salubre.
Le financement des juridictions internationales et son incidence sur leur office : étude comparée du financement de la CIJ, de la CPI et du TIDM
Authors: Soualhi Ysam
Published: November 2024

Si l’argent seul ne fait pas leur bonheur, il contribue à permettre aux juridictions internationales de s’acquitter de leur mandat. À cet égard, elles sont inégalement pourvues. Certes, la Cour internationale de justice, le Tribunal international du droit de la mer et la Cour pénale internationale procèdent de façon quasi identique pour financer leur office. Pourtant, elles connaissent en la matière des fortunes diverses. Leurs succès — et aussi leurs échecs — variables sont justifiés par des caractéristiques qui leur sont propres notamment leurs mandats, leurs besoins financiers, leurs méthodes de travail et leurs situations institutionnelles. Elles connaissent en général des difficultés budgétaires, qui ne sont pas sans conséquence sur leur fonctionnement. Ces difficultés paralysent ou ralentissent leur action, ce qui détériore la qualité de la justice rendue. Elles peuvent ensuite contribuer à jeter le discrédit sur ces juridictions remettant en cause leur impartialité.
Expériences médicales dans l’espace cislunaire et l’espace lointain : défis juridiques de transfert de connaissances et de technologies créées in situ par l’homme et l’IA sur la terre
Authors: Manoli Maria
Published: November 2024

Bien que l’idée d’exploration spatiale soit souvent liée à des scénarios de science-fiction, elle sert des objectifs essentiels à la qualité de la vie humaine sur Terre. La découverte scientifique est au coeur de l’exploration spatiale et cette dernière a très souvent contribué aux inventions scientifiques les plus importantes. L’un des domaines scientifiques qui a progressé grâce à l’exploration spatiale est celui de la médecine. En effet, une grande partie des technologies actuellement utilisées en médecine diagnostique et interventionniste, notamment dans les domaines de l’imagerie médicale et du traitement du cancer, proviennent de l’exploration spatiale et des essais médicaux réalisés dans l’espace. En même temps, l’utilisation de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) joue un rôle croissant dans les activités spatiales et celle-ci est de plus en plus utilisée dans le contexte de l’exploration spatiale, y compris à des fins médicales. Cet article examine les défis liés au transfert vers la Terre des connaissances et technologies médicales développées dans l’espace, un patrimoine commun de l’humanité, en accordant une attention particulière à l’IA en tant que créateur potentiel de ces connaissances et technologies. Dans ce contexte, le présent article traite des questions liées à l’établissement de droits de propriété intellectuelle pour les inventions dans l’espace et, tel que le prévoit le droit international de l’espace, à l’importance d’assurer un accès inclusif aux bénéfices tirés de l’espace.
Le statut juridique de l’Accord d’Arusha pour la paix et la réconciliation au Burundi à la lumière de l’arrêt de la Division d’appel de la Cour de justice de la Communauté des États de l’Afrique de l’Est dans l’affaire The East African Civil Society Organizations’ Forum vs The Attorney General of Burundi and Two Others
Authors: Manirakiza Pacifique
Published: November 2024

La pratique de la conclusion des accords de paix et autres arrangements politiques semble être la voie privilégiée pour mettre fin à des crises politiques ou à des conflits armés non-internationaux. Ces accords sont devenus des mécanismes de sortie des crises auxquels on recourt en dehors du cadre constitutionnel existant. L’article ressuscite le débat sur la question de leur statut juridique à la lumière de la récente décision de la Cour de justice de la Communauté des États de l’Afrique de l’Est dans l’affaire The East African Civil Society Organizations’ Forum vs The Attorney General of Burundi and Two Others. La Cour conclut que l’Accord d’Arusha pour la paix et la réconciliation au Burundi est un accord international. Après une analyse de la doctrine et de la jurisprudence pertinentes en droit international, l’auteur arrive à la conclusion que les accords de paix, à quelques exceptions près, ne sont pas des accords internationaux contrairement à la conclusion de la Cour. Ils relèvent du droit interne en vertu des lois qui les incorporent dans l’ordre juridique interne et du statut des parties négociatrices-signataires dépourvues de la capacité juridique de conclure des accords régis par le droit international. La forte implication ainsi que la présence de sujets de droit international comme les États et les organisations internationales en tant que médiateurs, témoins, observateurs, cosignataires ou garants de l’application des accords n’a pas pour effet de les internationaliser.
Common laboratory results-based artificial intelligence analysis achieves accurate classification of plasma cell dyscrasias
Authors: Yao Bihua , Liu Yicheng , Wu Yuwei , Mao Siyu , Zhang Hangbiao , Jiang Lei , Fei Cheng , Wang Shuang , Tong Jijun , Wu Jianguo
Published: November 2024

Background

Plasma cell dyscrasias encompass a diverse set of disorders, where early and precise diagnosis is essential for optimizing patient outcomes. Despite advancements, current diagnostic methodologies remain underutilized in applying artificial intelligence (AI) to routine laboratory data. This study seeks to construct an AI-driven model leveraging standard laboratory parameters to enhance diagnostic accuracy and classification efficiency in plasma cell dyscrasias.

Methods

Data from 1,188 participants (609 with plasma cell dyscrasias and 579 controls) collected between 2018 and 2023 were analyzed. Initial variable selection employed Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests, followed by dimensionality reduction and variable prioritization using the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) approach. Nine pivotal variables were identified, including hemoglobin (HGB), serum creatinine, and β2-microglobulin. Utilizing these, four machine learning models (gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), support vector machine (SVM), deep neural network (DNN), and decision tree (DT) were developed and evaluated, with performance metrics such as accuracy, recall, and area under the curve (AUC) assessed through 5-fold cross-validation. A subtype classification model was also developed, analyzing data from 380 cases to classify disorders such as multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).

Results

1. Variable selection: The SHAP method pinpointed nine critical variables, including hemoglobin (HGB), serum creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and β2-microglobulin. 2. Diagnostic model performance: The GBDT model exhibited superior diagnostic performance for plasma cell dyscrasias, achieving 93.5% accuracy, 98.1% recall, and an AUC of 0.987. External validation reinforced its robustness, with 100% accuracy and an F1 score of 98.5%. 3. Subtype Classification: The DNN model excelled in classifying multiple myeloma, MGUS, and light-chain myeloma, demonstrating sensitivity and specificity above 90% across all subtypes.

Conclusions

AI models based on routine laboratory results significantly enhance the precision of diagnosing and classifying plasma cell dyscrasias, presenting a promising avenue for early detection and individualized treatment strategies.
Integración socio-espacial en humedales urbanos de Valdivia: dispositivos para la interacción comunitaria y su sentido de apropiación con el Sistema Humedal Angachilla
Authors:   , Galleguillos Quiroz Silvana
Published: November 2024

Los humedales, como socioecosistemas han sido fundamentales a lo largo de la historia al proporcionar recursos y refugios a las poblaciones humanas, favoreciendo el desarrollo de civilizaciones y asentamientos en torno a estos. Sin embargo, la expansión urbana ha puesto a estos ecosistemas bajo una presión significativa, siendo hoy en día uno de los ecosistemas más afectados, resultando en la pérdida gradual de sus superficies.En la ciudad de Valdivia, los humedales desempeñan un rol importante en la configuración del paisaje, otorgándole una identidad y condición única. Esto ha generado un apego de las comunidades locales por estos socioecosistemas, marcado por su valor histórico, cultural y escénico. Este vínculo ha dado lugar a un esfuerzo comunitario activo orientado a la protección y conservación de los humedales. Sus habitantes han tomado la iniciativa de apropiarse de los humedales, desarrollando infraestructuras construidas tanto en colaboración comunitaria como de manera autónoma, con el objetivo de valorizar, proteger y conservar estos espacios naturales. No obstante, persiste la falta de consolidación y formalización en cuanto a las apropiaciones realizadas por la comunidad en los humedales, que a menudo carecen de conocimientos adecuados para el desarrollo de infraestructura, resultando a veces perjudiciales para estos ecosistemas. En este sentido, desde la disciplina de la Arquitectura del Paisaje, la presente tesis proyectual busca comprender la interacción socio-espacial entre las comunidades locales y los humedales. La metodología de trabajo aplicada se estructura en tres escalas de análisis: territorial, urbano y de sistema, logrando caracterizar e integrar estos ecosistemas con su entorno social tomando como caso de estudio el Sistema Humedal Angachilla. El proyecto de arquitectura se logra mediante la implementación de estrategias de paisaje orientadas a la realización de intervenciones mínimas a partir de dispositivos que responden a las distintas apropiaciones comunitarias, fomentando la integración y cohesión entre las comunidades y el humedal.
Cohesión social en conjuntos residenciales: espacios colaborativos en Villa La Reina
Authors:   , Risi Zegers Tomás Enrique
Published: November 2024

Esta tesis se enmarca en el contexto del proyecto del arquitecto Fernando Castillo Velasco denominado “Villa La Reina”, que constituye un paradigma en la sociedad actual y un caso emblemático no solo en Chile, sino que también a nivel Latinoamericano. Se destaca en sus inicios la participación de los pobladores en la autoconstrucción del hábitat residencial del barrio, lo que propone una nueva estrategia de proyecto urbano para viviendas sociales. A partir de este ejemplo se puede analizar la evolución de la Villa desde su origen en la década de los 60 hasta ahora, si existe o no cohesión social partiendo de la base de la identidad de las personas con los espacios colaborativos, que para ellas tiene el proyecto “Villa La Reina”. Todo esto a través de la información recopilada de los mismos pobladores, investigando la bibliografía pertinente, aplicando encuestas, describiendo el origen del proyecto con sus objetivos, beneficiarios directos e indirectos, analizando los datos obtenidos y poniendo en práctica un método de trabajo mixto: cuantitativo y cualitativo. Una vez seleccionado el tema a investigar se procede a visualizar la problemática existente, los elementos que forman parte de ella y las soluciones para lograr que Villa La Reina llegue a ser el proyecto exitoso autoconstrucción tutelada de viviendas con participación de los futuros pobladores en un marco de innovación de construcción de residencias en Chile de la década los sesenta. Para desarrollar la investigación se deben definir primeramente conceptos como, por ejemplo, cohesión social, lo colaborativo, concepto de barrio y frontera, entre otros. Esto permite entrar de lleno a abordar el caso particular de esta Tesis que es Villa La Reina, desde la ubicación geográfica, los actores involucrados, las gestiones realizadas para llevar a cabo el proyecto y los recursos con los que se debe contar para hacerlo realidad. Es fundamental, destacar el trabajo realizado en terreno, como es el caso de entrevistas, aplicación de encuestas y posterior tabulación de los resultados, para proceder al análisis de los mismos, y obtener conclusiones, a través de las fuentes directas, como son los pobladores. Con los resultados anteriores, se presenta una propuesta de proyecto, con resultados que permitan resolver la pregunta: ¿De qué maneras se ve afectado el objetivo para el cuál fue creado en sus orígenes el conjunto de viviendas sociales Villa La Reina que es el de ser un espacio de encuentro y cohesión social colaborativo, a partir de la gestión y participación de los distintos actores del estado y sociedad civil en sectores periféricos de barrios vulnerables?
Las desigualdades socioambientales relacionadas con el agua en Chile. Una mirada transversal desde las representaciones socioespaciales y las prácticas de los usuarios en las provincias de Chacabuco y de Chiloé
Authors:   , Evelyne Le Goff Lucie
Published: November 2024

Esta tesis busca poner en evidencia el proceso de construcción de las desigualdades socioambientales relacionadas con el agua, a través del punto de vista del espacio vivido de los usuarios del agua en zonas rurales y periurbanas de Chile. Pone en perspectiva dos áreas de estudio climáticamente contrastantes: la provincia de Chacabuco (Región Metropolitana), de clima mediterráneo, y la provincia de Chiloé (Región de Los Lagos), de clima oceánico húmedo. El objetivo de esta tesis es, por una parte, cuestionar la asociación entre el riesgo de escasez hídrica y los factores naturales y, por otra parte, comprender cómo las relaciones sociales con el agua, inscritas espacialmente y conectadas a varias escalas, (re)producen desigualdades socioambientales vinculadas al agua. La tesis identifica la presencia de desigualdades relacionadas con el agua en las dos provincias a partir de las representaciones socioespaciales de los usuarios del agua, y propone un modelo basado en coremas. La generación de estas desigualdades a escala nacional se basa, en el plano material, en dinámicas territoriales y, en el plano inmaterial, en la difusión y apropiación de imaginarios geográficos, retroalimentándose estas dos dimensiones. Además, en un contexto de escasez hídrica de diversa índole, los usos a los que se destina el agua doméstica demuestran que la calidad del agua es tan importante como su disponibilidad para los usuarios, que la evalúan constantemente a través de un enfoque a la vez perceptivo y basado en mediciones. Las relaciones de poder entre los distintos usuarios de los recursos hídricos desempeñan un papel estructurador en la producción y el mantenimiento de estas desigualdades sociodistributivas. Las categorías de desigualdades socioambientales relacionadas con el agua están interconectadas. En consecuencia, la ampliación de las acepciones de las formas no consensuadas de escasez hídrica revela la interdependencia de ésta con la calidad del agua y con el modo de acceso al agua. Por último, las desigualdades socioambientales relacionadas con el agua están inscritas en el tiempo y el espacio, y son una manifestación de las relaciones de poder en el espacio tangible e intangible, de lo local a lo global.
Convex metamodelling for Lagrangian cut generation in stochastic integer programs
Authors:   , Canales Echeverría Diego
Published: November 2024

A medida que programación entera ha llegado a ser una herramienta de uso extendido para problemas con escala cada vez mayor, desigualdades válidas y planos cortantes han sido de importancia fundamental para optimización rápida. En este trabajo consideramos la clase de cortes Lagrangianos que surge en el campo de programación entera estocástica, desigualdades fuertes derivadas de un problema dual similares a los cortes de Benders, mas su costo computacional formidable puede ser prohibitivo. Alguna forma de aproximación es necesaria y varias propuestas existen en la literatura demostrando éxito sobre una gama relativamente limitada de programas enteros estocásticos. Proponemos una aproximación de carácter distinto conocido como metamodelación: como el cuello de botella reside en evaluaciones costosas de la función objetivo dual, la sustituimos con un regresor entrenado asignando variables duales y parámetros del problema a un valor objetivo estimado. Luego de imponer ciertos supuestos sobre la estructura del problema comúnmente observados en la práctica, se demuestra exactitud de cierta subclase de cortes Lagrangianos y adicionalmente los datos de dicho regresor son cóncavos, permitiendo uso de maquinaria de regresión convexa para entrenar modelos grandes en mayores dimensiones con escaso gasto computacional comparado con alternativas genéricas como lo son por ejemplo las redes neuronales. Un conjunto de datos para el metamodelo se genera adaptando el método cuasi-Monte Carlo, y a continuación parámetros se ajustan a través de una heurística establecida debidamente modificada para nuestros propósitos. Instancias de un problema de prueba se resuelven con dos algoritmos, el Integer L-Shaped Method (estándar para resolver programas estocásticos enteros de dos etapas) y el método de Kelley (aplicable pero inferior al anterior en el caso entero de dos etapas), encontrando que mejora sobre el primero pero se ve superado por una alternativa más simple, mientras que resultados bajo el segundo son bastante impresionantes.
Effects of Natural Carotenoid Source Enriched Feed on the Growth, Flesh Carotenoid, Composition, and Palatability of a Silver Barb (Barbonymus gonionotus)
Authors: Hosen Md. Rony , Islam Md. Shahidul , Zaman Md. Atik Uz , Hasan Shihab , Rahman Md. Mahabubur
Published: November 2024

Aim: The study compared the effects of different natural carotenoid-enriched feeds with a commercial carp feed on the growth, flesh carotenoid, composition, and palatability of Barbonymus gonionotus.
Study Design: The study was conducted with four feeds treated as four treatments where, a commercial carp grower feed was used as control feed (CF) and three test feed were made by adding the powder of three carotenoid sources, viz., tomato (TMP), carrot (CRP), and beetroot (BRP) in the control feed at a rate of 2g/kg. Fifteen juveniles of B. gonionotus were stocked in each cage. The fish were fed with test feed twice a day at the rate of 5% (2.5% + 2.5%) of body weight and weighed fortnightly to adjust the ration size.
Place and Duration of Study: The trial was conducted in twelve cages set in a pond at the Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, for 90 days.
Methodology: At the end of the trial, the growth and feed utilization parameters, viz., weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER), flesh carotenoid and composition, and palatability indicators of the fish were evaluated according to standard formulae, spectrophotometry, AOAC, and organoleptic sensory technique, respectively.
Results: The higher WG (193.89±12.31 g) and SGR (1.41±0.08 %), better FCR (1.59±0.16) and PER (3.07±0.31), and higher carotenoids content (4.31±0.29 mg/g) were found in the fish fed with carrot-enriched feed, followed by the fish fed with tomato-enriched feed (WG: 174.86±11.50 g, SGR: 1.33±0.01 %, FCR: 1.74±0.04, PER: 2.78±0.06 and Carotenoids: 1.59±0.09 mg/g) and the beetroot-enriched feed (WG: 168.56±12.87 g, SGR: 1.30±0.08 %, FCR: 1.84±0.19, PER: 2.66±0.28 and carotenoids: 1.44±0.40 mg/g) when compared to the control fish. No significant difference in the flesh composition was found among the treatments. A significantly higher organoleptic sensory score (25.54±0.57) was recorded in the fish fed with carrot-enriched feed and lower in the control feed (19.52±0.77).
Conclusion: The study concludes that 2g/kg carrot powder supplementation in feed is better for enhancing the growth, carotenoid deposition, and palatability of B. gonionotus.
Determination the Anticorrosive Properties of Trimebutine Maleate for Aluminum Corrosion in 2M HCl Gravimetric and Quantum Chemistry Approaches
Authors: Cissé M. , Koffi L.A.C. , Yéo M. , Kouamé K.R. , Tigori M. A. , Bakouan Y. , Niamien P. M.
Published: November 2024

The present work evaluated the inhibition properties of (R,S)-2-(dimethylamino)-2-phenylbutyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate or trimebutine maleate (TM) in aluminum corrosion in 2M hydrochloric acid. Tests were carried out using gravimetric methods and density functional theory (DFT). The results indicate that trimebutine maleate is a good inhibitor of aluminum corrosion in 2M hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. Indeed, the inhibition efficiency of this molecule increases with increasing concentration and decreases with increasing temperature. For an inhibitor concentration of 5.2mM and at 298K, we obtained an inhibition efficiency of 93.61%. The adsorption process is spontaneous, exothermic and follows the Langmuir model. The activation parameters were calculated and analyzed. DFT at the B3LYP/6-311G (d.p) level was used to determine molecular parameters such as EHOMO, ELUMO, ΔE, η, S, μ , A, I, χ, ΔN, ω. These theoretical parameters showed that TM is highly reactive and can both donate and receive electrons from aluminum. They thus confirmed the good inhibition performance of the molecule studied. These parameters were used to explain the inhibition efficiencies obtained. Local selectivity was analyzed using Fukui functions and the dual descriptor to determine possible nucleophilic and electrophilic attack sites.