bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on older adults with an intellectual disability during the first wave of the pandemic in Ireland
Authors: McCarron Mary , McCausland Darren , Luus Retha , Allen Andrew , Sheerin Fintan , Burke Eilish , McGlinchy Eimear , Flannery Fidelma , McCallion Philip
Published: August 2021

Background: People with intellectual disability have increased risk of exposure to and adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).They also face challenges to mental health and well-being from COVID-19-related social restrictions and service closures.

Methods: Data from a supplemental COVID-19 survey from the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS-TILDA) (n=710) was used to assess outcomes from the first infection wave of COVID-19 among adults with intellectual disability aged 40+ years in Ireland. Data was gathered on testing, for symptoms and outcomes; procedures to manage COVID-19; and both stress/anxiety and positive experiences during the pandemic. Demographic and health-related data from the main IDS-TILDA dataset was included in analyses.

Results: High rates were identified of health conditions associated with poorer COVID-19 outcomes, including overweight/obesity (66.6%, n=365), high cholesterol (38.6%, n=274) and cardiovascular disease (33.7%, n=239). Over half (53.5%, n=380) reported emotional, nervous or psychiatric disorders. Almost two-thirds (62.4%, n=443) were tested for COVID-19, with 10% (n=71) reporting symptoms and 2.5% (n=11) testing positive. There were no instances of COVID-19 related mortality. Common symptoms included fatigue, fever, and cough. Some participants (7.8%, n=55) moved from their usual home to isolate, most often (n=31) or relocate to a family home (n=11). Three-quarters (78.7%) of those who were symptomatic or who tested positive had plans to manage self-isolation and two-thirds were able to comply with guidelines. Over half (55%, n=383) reported some COVID-19 related stress/anxiety; and a similar proportion reported positive aspects during this period (58%, n=381).

Conclusions: Our data suggests that people with intellectual disability avoided the worst impacts of COVID-19 during the first infection wave in Ireland. Nevertheless, participants’ health profiles suggest that this population remains at high risk for adverse infection outcomes. Repeated measures are needed to track health and well-being outcomes across multiple infection waves.
Protagonismo estudantil na profissionalização docente
Authors: Araújo Osmar Hélio , Silva de Oliveira Dayana
Published: August 2021

Neste texto, discutem-se desafios enfrentados na formação inicial dos professores, mais especificamente, para a permanência e o êxito dos estudantes em cursos de licenciatura, a partir da experiência do desenvolvimento do Projeto Profissão Docente (PPD) no Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE), campus Tianguá. Na implantação do projeto, surgiram algumas questões básicas: quais condições, nos cursos de licenciatura em física e letras – português/inglês do referido campus, podem favorecer a profissionalização docente? Qual o papel das diversas disciplinas das licenciaturas na profissionalização docente? O referido artigo parte de um referencial teórico adotado a luz da temática formação docente, protagonismo estudantil e do empirismo vivenciado a partir do PPD. A experiência relatada permitiu saber que, em face de uma cultura acadêmica de vários desafios, faz-se necessário forjar uma cultura pedagógica fortemente associada à profissionalização docente, assim como as potencialidades da constituição de comunidades – discentes e docentes – para além do que já ocorre dentro da sala de aula.
A leitura compreensiva como uma habilidade para o ensino de ciências: um estudo com professores em formação
Authors: Façanha Alessandro Augusto Barros
Published: August 2021

Revela resultados de uma investigação sobre a compreensão da leitura compreensiva como uma habilidade necessária ao ensino das ciências na perspectiva da alfabetização científica e seu contexto com a formação de professores. Discute essas categorias a luz da profissionalidade e da educação científica de forma a relacionar a habilidade leitora e sua intersecção como conhecimento profissional. Foi realizada no contexto da formação de professores a partir de um estudo de natureza descritiva e interpretativa em uma universidade pública de referência na formação de professores. Os resultados demonstram uma convergência com os estudos da área da didática das ciências e apontam para a realidade ainda fragilizada do processo de ensino e formação de professores para as ciências e aponta para uma necessidade de se pensar o processo formativo articulado com a educação básica e os preceitos de uma alfabetização científica que possibilite inserir a leitura como pressuposto de formação
Formação docente para práxis inclusivas subsidiada pelo desenho universal para a aprendizagem
Authors: Prais Jacqueline Lidiane de Souza , Vitaliano Célia Regina
Published: August 2021

A formação de professores e a reorganização do ensino são condições essenciais para favorecer práticas pedagógicas inclusivas. Nesse contexto, a proposta de organização curricular do Desenho Universal para a Aprendizagem (DUA) tem sido referenciada para efetivação da educação inclusiva. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo geral: analisar o desenvolvimento de um processo de formação continuada em serviço baseada no DUA, realizado junto às professoras de uma escola, atuantes nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, por meio de uma pesquisa colaborativa visando ao aprimoramento do processo de inclusão de alunos com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais (NEE). Participaram da pesquisa, 13 professoras colaboradoras. O método adotado foi a pesquisa colaborativa e a coleta dos dados se deu em quatro etapas: a sensibilização dos participantes, o levantamento das necessidades formativas dos docentes, o desenvolvimento de um programa de formação e, a avaliação final. O tratamento dos dados se deu por meio da análise de conteúdo e de episódios. Foram constatadas contribuições advindas do processo formativo e as mudanças ocorridas nos planos de aulas e nas práticas pedagógicas efetivas das docentes. Evidenciou-se o aprimoramento do trabalho pedagógico desenvolvido pelas docentes, não somente em relação aos alunos com NEE, mas no favorecimento da qualidade do ensino visando a aprendizagem de todos os estudantes.
Ensinar a todos e a todos e a cada um em escolas inclusivas: a abordagem do ensino diferenciado
Authors: Santos Keisyani Da Silva , Mendes Enicéia Gonçalves
Published: August 2021

Na medida em que os sistemas escolares foram se tornando mais acessíveis à população, o ensino foi sendo rapidamente massificado, e as políticas de inclusão escolar surgidas, a partir dos anos de 1990, ressaltaram a incapacidade de as escolas se adequarem aos desafios de sua época: oferecer qualidade de ensino a todos os alunos. O presente ensaio visa apresentar o referencial teórico da Abordagem do Ensino Diferenciado (AED) que visa responder as diferentes necessidades educacionais dos alunos. O texto apresenta a conceituação, os princípios, os fatores e elementos passiveis de diferenciação o ensino (conteúdo, processo, produto e gestão da aula). Destaca-se que a AED se propõe a contemplar a diversidade melhorando o ensino para todos os alunos, indistintamente, e que por isso pode ser referencial potente para programas de desenvolvimento profissional de professores.
De como se expressam conversas e travessias desmedicalizadas: trajetórias no entre de uma pesquisa
Authors: Ribetto Anelice , Reis Raquel
Published: August 2021

Este texto pretende dar a ver parte de um caminho investigativo que compõe a produção de uma pesquisa. Os trajetos de formação por entre conversas e experiências são os passos fundantes que movimentam o pensamento de duas autoras. Trata-se de uma escrita que problematiza a produção da norma encarnada as trajetórias estudantis no espaço da Sala de Recursos (e para além dela), trajetórias essas marcadas por olhares clínico-institucionais na escola. Assim, trazemos escritas atravessadas pela experiência como possibilidade de pensar o que nos passa na educação. Tais travessias ajudam-nos a ganhar caminhos na produção de encontros outros desprovidos de normas definidas pelo saber médico, mas abastados de astúcias que por meio de múltiplas linguagens, criam um sentido outro (talvez menos técnico e mais sensível) na sala de recursos multifuncionais junto a trajetórias singulares que colocaram de pé uma pesquisa
Escolas criativas e inclusão
Authors: Pereira Filho Adalberto Duarte , Alves Maria Dolores Fortes
Published: August 2021

Incomodou-nos a relação da escola em que frequentavam os sujeitos da ONG que acolhia crianças e adolescentes abandonados, na qual fazíamos atendimento psicológico. A escola como um lugar onde somente as dimensões cognitivas e comportamentais eram valorizadas. Questionamos: como práticas pedagógicas criativas podem contribuir para a inclusão escolar dos sujeitos em suas múltiplas dimensões? Buscamos compreender a relação entre a criatividade e a construção de escolas inclusivas. Em um estudo de caso de natureza quanti-qualitativa. Ofertamos para 18 professores da escola que atendia os sujeitos da ONG, um curso realizado em 3 (três) encontros presenciais, intitulado “Educação em Direitos Humanos, Valores Transdisciplinares e Formação de Professoras/es”. Para coleta dos dados aplicamos em 16 cursistas, o Instrumento para Valorar o Desenvolvimento de Instituições Educativas-VADECRIE, (TORRE, 2012)  Na análise, utilizamos a estatística descritiva. A partir dessa experiência compreendemos que a criatividade pode contribuir para a promoção de espaços inclusivos. Verificamos que, uma escola criativa é um lugar em constante movimento, Torre (2013). É um lugar que nos faz transcender, onde a relação empática nutre as relações humanas. Essa escola legitima o melhor de seus professores e alunos. A escola criativa rasga o véu do tradicional e convoca à inovação e, igualmente, a inclusão pois, convoca-nos a construir um espaço de pertencimento de todos.
Diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil counts in histopathological tissue analysis in periprosthetic joint infection using the ICM, IDSA, and EBJIS criteria
Authors: Sigmund Irene K. , McNally Martin A. , Luger Markus , Böhler Christoph , Windhager Reinhard , Sulzbacher Irene
Published: August 2021

Aims

Histology is an established tool in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Different thresholds, using various infection definitions and histopathological criteria, have been described. This study determined the performance of different thresholds of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (≥ 5 PMN/HPF, ≥ 10 PMN/HPF, ≥ 23 PMN/10 HPF) , when using the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and the International Consensus Meeting (ICM) 2018 criteria for PJI.

Methods

A total of 119 patients undergoing revision total hip (rTHA) or knee arthroplasty (rTKA) were included. Permanent histology sections of periprosthetic tissue were evaluated under high power (400× magnification) and neutrophils were counted per HPF. The mean neutrophil count in ten HPFs was calculated (PMN/HPF). Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the z-test, thresholds were compared.

Results

Using the EBJIS criteria, a cut-off of ≥ five PMN/HPF showed a sensitivity of 93% (95% confidence interval (CI) 81 to 98) and specificity of 84% (95% CI 74 to 91). The optimal threshold when applying the IDSA and ICM criteria was ≥ ten PMN/HPF with sensitivities of 94% (95% CI 79 to 99) and 90% (95% CI 76 to 97), and specificities of 86% (95% CI 77 to 92) and 92% (95% CI 84 to 97), respectively. In rTKA, a better performance of histopathological analysis was observed in comparison with rTHA when using the IDSA criteria (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

With high accuracy, histopathological analysis can be supported as a confirmatory criterion in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infections. A threshold of ≥ five PMN/HPF can be recommended to distinguish between septic and aseptic loosening, with an increased possibility of detecting more infections caused by low-virulence organisms. However, neutrophil counts between one and five should be considered suggestive of infection and interpreted carefully in conjunction with other diagnostic test methods. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(8):536–547.
Association between surgical wait time and hospital length of stay in primary total knee and hip arthroplasty
Authors: Seddigh Shahriar , Lethbridge Lynn , Theriault Patrick , Matwin Stan , Dunbar Michael J.
Published: August 2021

Aims

In countries with social healthcare systems, such as Canada, patients may experience long wait times and a decline in their health status prior to their operation. The aim of this study is to explore the association between long preoperative wait times (WT) and acute hospital length of stay (LoS) for primary arthroplasty of the knee and hip.

Methods

The study population was obtained from the provincial Patient Access Registry Nova Scotia (PARNS) and the Canadian national hospital Discharge Access Database (DAD). We included primary total knee and hip arthroplasties (TKA, THA) between 2011 and 2017. Patients waiting longer than the recommended 180 days Canadian national standard were compared to patients waiting equal or less than the standard WT. The primary outcome measure was acute LoS postoperatively. Secondarily, patient demographics, comorbidities, and perioperative parameters were correlated with LoS with multivariate regression.

Results

A total of 11,833 TKAs and 6,627 THAs were included in the study. Mean WT for TKA was 348 days (1 to 3,605) with mean LoS of 3.6 days (1 to 98). Mean WT for THA was 267 days (1 to 2,015) with mean LoS of 4.0 days (1 to 143). There was a significant increase in mean LoS for TKA waiting longer than 180 days (2.5% (SE 1.1); p = 0.028). There was no significant association for THA. Age, sex, surgical year, admittance from home, rural residence, household income, hospital facility, the need for blood transfusion, and comorbidities were all found to influence LoS.

Conclusion

Surgical WT longer than 180 days resulted in increased acute LoS for primary TKA. Meeting a shorter WT target may be cost-saving in a social healthcare system by having shorter LoS. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(8):679–684.
Das Dekodieren der Intonation von andauernden Intonationsphrasen
Authors: Maric Dario
Published: August 2021

This article re-examines models of phonetic realization of tones offered by certain autosegmental-metrical models of intonation, taking into consideration knowledge of conversation analysis and approaches derived from conversation analysis applied on phonetic and phonological researches. These autosegmental-metric models of intonation record H and L tones usually according to its position within pitch range of individual speaker in an intonational phrase. According to this, listener's decoding of intonational realization is possible only in fully realized intonational phrase, since the highest and the lowest tone values that determine pitch range used in an intonational phrase can be realized within any syllable of intonational phrase. This kind of decoding of the intonational realization would mean that speaker cannot use intonation to make transition relevance place projectable before it is realized, which is contrary with intonational research knowledge within conversation analysis and approaches derived from conversation analysis applied on phonetic and phonological researches.
Zum Lehren und Lernen von Phraseologismen im DaF-Studium. Überlegungen zu Inhalten und Methoden ihrer Vermittlung anhand eines Unterrichtsmodells
Authors: Bergerová Hana
Published: August 2021

The contribution advocates a systematic inclusion of phraseology in university programs of the study of German as a Foreign Language. The author presents her own model of instruction that is based on a multimedial teaching and study material. The objective is to develop not only the students' linguistic competence, but also their metalinguistic awareness of phrasemes as a specific linguistic phenomenon. The author's aim is to give a theoretically well founded description of teaching processes focusing on a symbiosis of mediating linguistic as well as metalinguistic competence in the field of phraseology in German as a Foreign Language.
Deixis as a symbolic phenomenon
Authors: West Donna E.
Published: August 2021

Children's early development of demonstrative use emanates directly from indexical gestures, namely, eye gaze, pointing, prehensile reaching, and giving exchanges. These indexical gestures become social in that they are joint attentional, and mark the inception of deictic use. Although children's deictic use draws upon index as a directional and social phenomenon, early uses of index alone do not deliver any semantic/lexical/symbolic determinants to the mix. The distinctive premise here is that deictics, especially demonstratives, are not merely social, but symbolic from a Peircian perspective, especially in light of developmental findings (West 1986, 1987, 2010; Tanz 2009) indicating an acquisitional pattern of non-contrastive to contrastive uses of "this" and "that" from 3;0–4;9. While initial non-contrastive uses of demonstratives are directional and/or social, contrastive use after 3;0 requires apprehension of symbolic role taking/role shifting.
In addition to delivering the indexical and/or social, deictic indicators must implicitly refer to a class (Nunberg 1993, 1995), e.g., near/far objects from speaker's perspective in the case of demonstratives, and must ultimately have the potential to contrast objects/places with respect to distinctive points of orientation. These components together illustrate how mastery of deictic indicators is both a socio-pragmatic and semantic enterprise. In addition to indexing objects and securing joint attention with gesture, deixis requires semiotic and semantically based orientational competencies to shift perspectives and speech situation roles.
A Case Report of Post-traumatic Osteomyelitis with Gap Non-union of Humerus with Segmental Bone Defect and Scarred Skin Treated with Open Reduction Internal Fixation with Osteomyocutaneous Fibula
Authors: George Prakash K. , Dasgupta Bibhas , Reddy Bhanuprakash , Bhaladhare P. V. Shubhanshu
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Non-union of closed humerus fractures is estimated to be about 5.5% and this figure is even higher in open fractures. In cases of non-union of the humerus with segmental bone defect, if a conventional treatment has failed, free fibular transfer is often considered for satisfactory bone union. In some cases, where there is severe scarring due to multiple previous surgeries. In such cases, skin cover may not be adequate and tight closures often lead to necrosis and failure excision. Segmental bone defects of the upper limb that is >6 cm with soft-tissue coverage defects have limited options for reconstruction. Osteomyocutaneous fibula may provide to be a valuable option in such cases.
Case Report: This is a report a case of a 27-year-old male presented with a history of road traffic accident with Gustilo-Anderson Grade 3 B open fracture of humerus midshaft. He developed humerus osteomyelitis, for which he underwent surgical debridement. He presented to us with gap non-union with segmental bone loss. The overlying skin was scarred and had significant limb shortening. Treatment options for such a case are reconstruction or amputation. Challenges for reconstruction were to deal with the segmental bone loss and the soft-tissue defect following scar excision. We tackled both these challenges with an osteomyocutaneous fibula flap. At 1-year follow-up, the humerus showed union and flap uptake was good.
Conclusion: Osteomyocutaneous fibula flap is a valuable treatment options in such complicated cases allowing for both bone union and soft-tissue coverage with a single surgical procedure.
Keywords: Osteomyocutaneous flap, humerus gap nonunion, osteomyelitis humerus.
Acute Arthroscopic Removal of a Bullet Embedded in the Glenoid: A Case Report
Authors: Guevara Jonathan , Chinnakkannu Karthikeyan , Raju Sivashanmugam
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Retained bullets in joint spaces have been shown to cause both mechanical and chemical damage to the joint surfaces, leading to the risk of arthritis if untreated.
Case Report: A case of arthroscopic treatment for a gunshot to the shoulder with a retained bullet embedded in the glenoid is presented. The patient presented with multiple gunshots to his back and extremities, including gunshot to the left leg with popliteal vein injury, gunshot to the back with lumbar level laminar fractures and acute spinal cord injury, and gunshot to the left shoulder with a retained bullet in the posterior superior glenoid.
Conclusion: Shoulder arthroscopy can be successfully employed to retrieve larger embedded bullet or foreign body with the help of tools such as laparoscopic graspers. Even with significant glenoid bone defect, the stability of the shoulder joint does not get compromised if the bone defects are located posterosuperiorly.
Keywords: Retained bullet, shoulder arthroscopy, gunshot, glenoid bone defect, humeral head fracture.
Anterior Inferior Hip Dislocation: Report of Three Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Agarwal Pratik , Khadilkar Siddharth , Handralmath Sunil , Khadilkar Madhav
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Inferior dislocation of the hip, also called luxatio erecta femoris, is the rarest type of hip dislocation with a poorly understood mechanism of injury. We came across three such cases resulting from high-energy trauma with various other associated injuries.
Case Report: The first patient, a 25-year-old man, presented with the right hip pain, hip and knee joint in flexion without rotational component, after motor vehicle collision. The second patient, a 42-year-old man, presented with the left hip pain, hip and knee joint in flexion with rotational component, following fall from 20 ft height. The third patient, a 29-year-old lady, presented with the left hip pain, hip and knee joint in flexion with rotational component, after motor vehicle collision. All three patients were diagnosed by radiograph and were managed by closed reduction under short general anesthesia, within 3 h, 9 h, and 6 h, respectively. Thomas splint was used to immobilize the limb in all for 1 month and weight-bearing was started after 2 months from injury. Two of them were followed up to 6 months and one was lost to follow up. No evidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head or other complication related to hip dislocation was noted.
Conclusion: Luxatio erecta femoris is a rare type of hip dislocation and with limited publication. The position of limb on presentation should raise the suspicion of same and diagnosis confirmed through radiological investigations. Usually, this type of dislocation can be managed with closed reduction. If closed reduction is unsuccessful, then a fracture femur or bone chip in the joint could be the cause of the difficulty.
Keywords: Hip, dislocation, inferior, luxatio erecta femoris.
A Rare Case of Ewing’s-like Adamantinoma of Tibia Managed by Limb Salvage Surgery Using Long Segment Ilizarov Bone Transport: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kumar T K Jeejesh , Pai Puneeth K , Rajasubramanya Priyavrata
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Adamantinoma is a rare low-grade malignant tumor in young adults. Recent advances in molecular techniques have shown different variants with discordance between genotype and phenotype. This poses a challenge in diagnosis and management. Ewing’s-like adamantinoma is one such variant. The appropriate treatment protocol for this dedifferentiated tumor remains to be established. Here, we present a rare case of Ewing’s-like Adamantinoma treated with limb salvage surgery using three step Ilizarov technique with good results.
Case Report: A 38-year-old lady presented at our OPD complaining of recent onset pain and gradual increase in size over a long standing swelling in the right lower tibia. Radiologically was diagnosed as Ewing’s but was not responsive to chemotherapy. A Tru-Cut biopsy showed histological picture of dedifferentiated adamantinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed CD99 positivity. FISH revealed (11;22) translocation confirming Ewing’s-like adamantinoma. She was managed with wide excision followed by staged Ilizarov distraction-osteogenesis and bone transport to correct the 13 cm discrepancy in bone length. There have been no signs of recurrence on post-resection follow-up of 2 years. Patient attained full range of knee and ankle movements.
Conclusion: The controversy as to what constitutes the difference between adamantinoma-like Ewing’s and Ewing’s-like adamantinoma persists despite technological advances. The appropriate treatment protocol remains to be established. Ilizarov three step techniques provide a feasible alternative to amputation while circumventing the difficulties of large bone reconstruction in the distal tibia.
Keywords: Adamantinoma, Ewing’s-like, Ilizarov, bone transport, dedifferentiated, malignant bone tumor.
Bilateral Proximal Humerus Fracture with Anterior Shoulder Dislocation and Unilateral Chronic Bankart Lesion – A Case Report
Authors: Rana Anurag , Singh Sukhmin , Das Lakshmana , Moger Nagaraj Manju , Rathore Lakshya Prateek , Meena Pradeep Kumar
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Anterior shoulder dislocation is a common presentation in orthopedic emergency but a bilateral fracture dislocation is a rare entity. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature and their management is still not clear. We present a bilateral four part fracture dislocation with Bankart lesion on right side in a 48 years old.
Case Report: A 48-year-old male presented with bilateral proximal humerus fracture with anterior shoulder dislocation following a seizure. He was managed with bilateral PHILOS and Latarjet procedure on right side for a chronic bony Bankart lesion. Superficial infection on left side was managed with debridement. After 1 year period patient had a satisfactory outcome with DASH score of 19.2.
Conclusion: Bilateral four part proximal humerus fracture with shoulder dislocation is encountered rarely. Recurrent dislocations results in chronic glenoid bones loss which needs fixation along with fracture. Addressing both sides subsequently or in a single sitting is still debatable.
Keywords: Bilateral humerus fracture, anterior dislocation, Bankart repair.
Wedge Osteotomy with Tens Nailing in Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia of Tibia – A Case Report
Authors: Parihar Mangal , Pawar Eknath , Pawar Eknath , Pawar Eknath , Pawar Eknath , Pawar Eknath , Pawar Eknath
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Titanium elastic nailing (TENS) with wedge osteotomy for the management of monostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD) of tibia is done in a 6-year-old male patient.
Case Report: This is a case describing monostotic FD of right tibia in a 6-year-old male patient. The patient’s parents noticed a diffuse swelling in the right leg a few days after birth. It was managed conservatively till 3 years of age when the patient started complaining of pain in his right leg and difficulty in walking and running. The patient developed gradual and progressive anterior bowing in the right leg in the next 3 years. The patient was diagnosed with monostotic FD of the right tibia based on clinical and radiological findings. Wedge osteotomies were done in the tibia and fibula with TENS nailing as a definitive procedure for this patient.
Discussion: Management of monostotic FD of the right tibia with TENS nailing and wedge osteotomy can be a possible modality of definitive management with complete pain relief and deformity correction.
Conclusion: Correction of deformities secondary to FD requires meticulous pre-operative planning and execution. But with proper planning, even major deformities as in our case, procedures as simple as wedge osteotomy and TENS nailing can give excellent outcomes.
Keywords: Fibrous dysplasia, monostotic, titanium elastic nailing.
Design of a confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy system and research on microplastics detection
Authors: Lu Jitao , Xue Qingsheng , Bai Haoxuan , Wang Nan
Published: August 2021

Traditional micro-Raman spectroscopy technology has the disadvantages of a weak signal and low signal-to-noise ratio. To fix these issues, a cost-effective and rigorous design method is proposed in this paper, whereby a confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy system is designed and built, and a low-cost reflector and high-pass filter are introduced into the Raman signal-receiving module. The Raman light incident is fully perpendicular to the coupling lens by adjusting the reflection angle of the mirror, making the focus of the coupling lens highly conjugate with the focus of the microscope objective, to enhance the intensity of the Raman signal and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. In order to better apply this technology to the detection and study of microplastics in offshore sediments, a reflective illumination light path is used to avoid the visual interference caused by the capillary structure and opacity of the glass cellulose filter membrane. The detection and analysis of the microplastics on the glass cellulose filter membrane have been carried out by the confocal micro-Raman system designed, which is low cost and capable of obtaining good detection results and meeting the requirements of microplastics detection. The system designed in this paper is expected to be applied to the research and development of Raman detection equipment for microplastics in marine sediments, which is beneficial to promote the development of marine microplastic monitoring technology in the world.
Subaperture stitching computation time optimization using a system of linear equations
Authors: Stašík Marek , Psota Pavel , Lédl Vít , Kredba Jan
Published: August 2021

Measurement of large or aspheric optical surface shapes as a single aperture using interferometry is problematic for many reasons. A typical problem is the numerical aperture limitation of the interferometer transmission element and the surface slope deviation of aspheres. This deviation typically causes vignetting and spatial aliasing on the camera. A solution is subaperture measurement and subsequent subaperture stitching. A stitching algorithm, in principle, uses overlaps between subapertures to eliminate aberrations of each subaperture to obtain a full aperture for further analysis. This process is computation time demanding and requires optimization in order to obtain a result in a reasonable time to reduce, in turn, the overall manufacturing time. In this paper, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, and fast stitching method based on a system of linear equations is proposed and mathematically described. The developed method was compared with other algorithms, and theoretical computation complexity was calculated and compared. The method was tested practically, with real data measured on spherical surfaces using QED ASI (QED Technologies aspheric stitching interferometer) and an experimental interferometer, and the results are presented. Stitching quality was quantified for results and compared to other algorithms.
Machine learning algorithms to control concentrations of carbon
nanocomplexes in a biological medium via optical absorption spectroscopy:
how to choose and what to expect?
Authors: Sarmanova Olga , Laptinskiy Kirill , Burikov Sergey , Khmeleva Maria , Fedyanina Anna , Tomskaya Alexandra , Efitorov Aleksandr , Dolenko Sergey , Dolenko Tatiana
Published: August 2021

A solution of spectroscopic inverse problems, implying determination of
target parameters of the research object via analysis of spectra of
various origins, is an overly complex task, especially in case of
strong variability of the research object. One of the most efficient
approaches to solve such tasks is use of machine learning (ML)
methods, which consider some unobvious information relevant to the
problem that is present in the data. Here, we compare ML approaches to
the problem of nanocomplex concentrations determination in human urine
via optical absorption spectra, perform preliminary analysis of the
data array, find optimal parameters for several of the most popular ML
methods, and analyze the results.
High-sensitivity methane sensor composed of photonic quasi-crystal fiber based on surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Liu Qiang , Zhao Jin , Sun Yudan , Liu Wei , Liu Chao , Lv Jingwei , Lv Tingting , Jiang Yu , Li Binwen , Wang Famei , Sun Tao , Chu Paul K
Published: August 2021

A photonic quasi-crystal fiber (PQF) methane sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is designed and described. The double-side polished six-fold photonic quasi-crystal fiber coated with a silver film produces enhanced SPR effects and sensitivity. A nanostructured thin film with cryptophane-E-doped polysiloxane is deposited on silver as the methane-sensitive surface layer and to mitigate oxidation of silver. The sensor is analyzed and optimized numerically by the full-vector finite element method. For methane concentrations in the range of  0% to 3.5%, the maximum sensitivity of the sensor is 8 nm/%, and the average sensitivity is 6.643 nm/%. Compared to traditional gas sensors, this sensor provides accurate sensing of methane besides offering advantages such as the low cost, miniaturized size, online monitoring, and immunity to electromagnetic field interference.
What are the traveling waves composing the Hermite-Gauss beams that make them structured wavefields?
Authors: Ugalde-Ontiveros J. A. , Jaimes-Nájera A. , Luo Songjie , Gómez-Correa J. E. , Pu Jixiong , Chávez-Cerda S.
Published: August 2021

To the best of our knowledge, at the present time there is no answer to the fundamental question stated in the title that provides a complete and satisfactory physical description of the structured nature of Hermite-Gauss beams. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide proper answers supported by a rigorous mathematical-physics framework that is physically consistent with the observed propagation of these beams under different circumstances. In the process we identify that the paraxial approximation introduces spurious effects in the solutions that are unphysical. By removing them and using the property of self-healing, that is characteristic to structured beams, we demonstrate that Hermite-Gaussian beams are constituted by the superposition of four traveling waves.
Flexible broadband white light multimode interference coupler
Authors: Sui Guorong , Liu Fan , Guo Haifei , Chen Zhi
Published: August 2021

In recent years, with the development of micro broadband white light sources, micro white light devices have exhibited great potential application value in many fields. As the core component of broadband white light technology, the compact, efficient and flexible RGB coupler plays a vital role. However, the traditional RGB coupler is composed of discrete components. Realizing miniaturization, flexibility and high transmission efficiency of the device is difficult, which greatly limits the development of micro white light broadband devices. In this paper, we propose an RGB on-chip waveguide coupler that can meet the requirements of miniaturization, flexibility, and high transmission efficiency and study its performance. The research results show that the device size is reduced to 0.04 mm×3.6 mm, and the average transmission efficiency in RGB beam multiplexing/demultiplexing is as high as 94.6%. In addition, the use of the SU8 polymer as a waveguide material makes our design compatible with flexible optoelectronic technology, which will greatly promote the development of miniaturization and flexibility for micro white light devices in the future.
Suppressing physiological interferences and physical noises in functional diffuse optical tomography via tandem inversion filtering and LSTM classification
Authors: Liu Dongyuan , Zhang Pengrui , Zhang Yao , Bai Lu , Gao Feng
Published: August 2021

For performance enhancement of functional diffuse optical tomography (fDOT), we propose a tandem method that takes advantage of the inversion filtering and the long short term memory (LSTM) classification to simultaneously suppress the physiological interferences and physical noises in fDOT. In the former phase, the absorption perturbation maps over the scalp-skull (SS) and cerebral-cortex (CC) layers are firstly pre-reconstructed using a two-layer topography scheme. Then, the recovered SS-map is inversed into measurement space by the forward calculation to estimate the intensity changes associated with the physiological interferences. Finally, the raw measurements are adaptively filtered with reference to the estimated intensity changes for accomplishing the model-based full three-dimension (3D) reconstruction. In the later phase, for further removing the randomly distributed physical noises, mainly instrumental noise, a LSTM network based fusion strategy is applied, where a pixel-wise binary mask of “activated” or “inactive” state is generated by performing LSTM classification and then fused with the 3D reconstruction. The results of the simulative investigation and in-vivo experiment show the proposed tandem scheme achieves improved performance in fDOT using a cost-effective and physically explicable way. Thus, the proposed method can be promisingly applied in real-time neuroimaging to acquire cortical neural activation information with improved reliability, quantification and resolution.
Ultra simple low-power RF signal detection based on an optoelectronic feedback DFB laser
Authors: Zhang Xin , Pu Tao , Zhang Yunshan , Zhou Hua , Li Jin , Zhu Huatao , Chen Xiangfei , Zheng Jilin
Published: August 2021

An ultra simple and low cost method to detect low-power RF signal is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on optoelectronic feedback DFB semiconductor laser. To our knowledge, according to public reports, this is the simplest photonics-assisted method which avoids using high sensitive optical modulators and narrow bandwidth optical filters. The RF signal, which matches the oscillation mode at the relaxation oscillation peak of the DFB laser, is amplified based on optoelectronic feedback. The RF signal from 1 to 4.5 GHz can be detected by adjusting the frequency of relaxation oscillation which is related to the laser bias current. The system provides a maximum gain of 15 dB for the low-power RF signal. The sensitivity of the system can reach up to as high as -97 dBm. Considering the real application of the detection system, the properties like dynamic range, resistance to large signals and performance for detecting modulated RF signal are also investigated.
Correcting photodetector nonlinearity in dual-comb interferometry
Authors: Guay Philippe , Hébert Nicolas Bourbeau , Tourigny-Plante Alex , Michaud-Belleau Vincent , Genest Jérôme
Published: August 2021

Photodetector nonlinearity, the main limiting factor in terms of optical power in the detection chain, is corrected to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a short-time measurement in dual-comb spectroscopy. An iterative correction algorithm minimizing out-of-band spectral artifacts based on nonlinearity correction methods used in classical Fourier-transform spectrometers is presented. The exactitude of the nonlinearity correction is validated using a low power linear measurement. Spectroscopic lines of H12CN are provided and the increase in absorption depth of 24% caused by the saturation of the detector is corrected yielding residuals limited by the measurement noise.
Direct fabrication and characterization of gold nanohole arrays
Authors: Mao Fei , Ngo Gia Long , Nguyen Chi Thanh , Ledoux-Rak Isabelle , Lai Ngoc Diep
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate a one-step fabrication method to realize desired gold (Au) nanoholes arrays by using a one-photon absorption based direct laser writing technique. Thanks to the optically induced thermal effect of Au material at 532 nm excitation wavelength, the local temperature at the laser focus area can reach as high as 600°C, which induces an evaporation of the Au thin film resulting in a metallic nanohole. By controlling the laser spot movement and exposure time, different two-dimensional Au nanoholes structures with periodicity as small as 500 nm have been demonstrated. This allows obtaining plasmonic nanostructures in a single step without needing the preparation of polymeric template and lift-off process. By this direct fabrication technique, the nanoholes do not have circular shape as the laser focusing spot, due to the non-uniform heat transfer in a no-perfect flat Au film. However, the FDTD simulation results and the experimental measurement of the transmission spectra show that the properties of fabricated plasmonic nanoholes arrays are very close to those of ideal plasmonic nanostructures. Actually, the plasmonic resonance depends strongly on the periodicity of the metallic structures while the heterogeneous form of the holes simply enlarges the resonant peak. Furthermore, it is theoretically demonstrated that the non-perfect circular shape of the Au hole allows amplifying the electromagnetic field of the resonant peak by several times as compared to the case of perfect circular shape. This could be an advantage for application of this fabricated structure in laser and nonlinear optics domains.
Centrifugal motion of an optically levitated particle
Authors: Zeng Kai , Pu JunJi , Wu Yulie , Xiao Dingbang , Wu Xuezhong
Published: August 2021

Levitated optomechanical systems experience a tremendous development on detecting weak force and torque with the center of mass motion and rotation of the levitated particle. Here the levitated optomechanical system is established on a rotating platform, and the centrifugal motion of the particle is observed after rotating the optical platform. The centrifugal displacement of the particle is experimentally proven to show a quadratic function relation with the rotation speed, and the stiffness of the trap and the mass of the levitated particle are obtained from it separately. Furthermore, the centrifugal motion makes the particle deviate from the laser focus center, which would decrease the particle spin speed. These results will help to understand the centrifugal motion and fully consider this effect when the optomechanical system rotates.
Kapitza–Dirac photonic lattices
Authors: Ramos-Prieto I. , Uriostegui K. , Récamier J. , Soto-Eguibar F. , Moya-Cessa H. M.
Published: August 2021

We show that the Kapitza–Dirac effect may be modeled by classical light propagation in photonic lattices having a square power law for the refraction index coefficient. The dynamics is shown to be fully soluble because both systems share the same time-independent Schrödinger equation: the angular Mathieu equation. We examine the trajectories of classical light propagating in such structures.
Ultra-small InGaN green micro-light-emitting diodes fabricated by selective passivation of p-GaN
Authors: Zhuang Zhe , Iida Daisuke , Velazquez-Rizo Martin , Ohkawa Kazuhiro
Published: August 2021

Here, we proposed fabricating ultra-small InGaN-based micro-light-emitting diodes (µLEDs). The selective p-GaN areas were intentionally passivated using a

H

2

plasma treatment and served as the electrical isolation regions to prevent the current from injecting into the InGaN quantum wells below. Three kinds of green µLEDs, two squircle shapes with widths of 5 and 4 µm and one circular shape with a diameter of 2.7 µm, were successfully realized. The current-voltage characteristics indicate that the series resistance and the turn-on voltage increase as the dimension of the µLED decreases. This originates from the diffusion of the hydrogen atoms into the unexpected conductive p-GaN area. The light output power density and the calculated external quantum efficiency of the µLEDs from a 5-µm-squircle to a 2.7-µm-circle were enhanced by 10−20% when compared to

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µLEDs that were fabricated using mesa etching.
Visible-blind and flexible metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet photodetectors based on sub-10-nm thick silver interdigital electrodes
Authors: He Xie , Yang Liu , He Sailing
Published: August 2021

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a distinct visible-blind and flexible metal–semiconductor–metal ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) based on sub-10-nm thick silver interdigital electrodes. The transparent PD with 7-nm thick electrodes shows enhanced visible transmittance (80%) in average and achieves greatly improved responsivity (60.5 mA/W), and detectivity (

1.75

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Jones) at 5 V under 380-nm illumination, compared with its opaque counterpart. It is as fast as the opaque PD with short rise and fall times (22.4 and 11.5 ms) and shows good flexibility. All the properties are comparable or superior to many reported transparent UV PDs, mainly attributed to the broad high UV-visible transmittance and the high conductivity of the ultrathin silver film.
Natural experiments and long-term monitoring are critical to understand and predict marine host–microbe ecology and evolution
Authors: Leray Matthieu , Wilkins Laetitia G. E. , Apprill Amy , Bik Holly M. , Clever Friederike , Connolly Sean R. , De León Marina E. , Duffy J. Emmett , Ezzat Leïla , Gignoux-Wolfsohn Sarah , Herre Edward Allen , Kaye Jonathan Z. , Kline David I. , Kueneman Jordan G. , McCormick Melissa K. , McMillan W. Owen , O’Dea Aaron , Pereira Tiago J. , Petersen Jillian M. , Petticord Daniel F. , Torchin Mark E. , Vega Thurber Rebecca , Videvall Elin , Wcislo William T. , Yuen Benedict , Eisen Jonathan A.
Published: August 2021

Marine multicellular organisms host a diverse collection of bacteria, archaea, microbial eukaryotes, and viruses that form their microbiome. Such host-associated microbes can significantly influence the host’s physiological capacities; however, the identity and functional role(s) of key members of the microbiome (“core microbiome”) in most marine hosts coexisting in natural settings remain obscure. Also unclear is how dynamic interactions between hosts and the immense standing pool of microbial genetic variation will affect marine ecosystems’ capacity to adjust to environmental changes. Here, we argue that significantly advancing our understanding of how host-associated microbes shape marine hosts’ plastic and adaptive responses to environmental change requires (i) recognizing that individual host–microbe systems do not exist in an ecological or evolutionary vacuum and (ii) expanding the field toward long-term, multidisciplinary research on entire communities of hosts and microbes. Natural experiments, such as time-calibrated geological events associated with well-characterized environmental gradients, provide unique ecological and evolutionary contexts to address this challenge. We focus here particularly on mutualistic interactions between hosts and microbes, but note that many of the same lessons and approaches would apply to other types of interactions.