bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MALDI‐ and LDI‐MS saponin fingerprint of leaves and stick components of commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis)
Authors: Petroselli Gabriela , Parapugna Tamara L. , Lagorio M. Gabriela , Erra‐Balsells Rosa
Published: December 2018

Yerba mate (YM) is massively produced and consumed as an infusion in South America and spreading all over the world. This product is obtained from dried leaves of Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hilaire, mixed with fragments of dried branches (sticks). For its commercialization, YM must have a minimum percentage of leaves because its presence determines YM quality and price. Till today, a mechanical methodology to determine the relative amount of components (sticks, leaves, and powder) is used. There is not any modern analytical method that provides information for quick characterization of the YM components. Typical saponin fingerprints for leaves and sticks were found by using ultraviolet matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization and ultraviolet laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Then, their possible application as useful tools for quick characterization of components of commercial YM (leaves and sticks) is presented. Furthermore, fingerprints obtained from authentic samples of Ilex paraguariensis and Ilex dumosa are also included and discussed. Each Ilex show typical saponin fingerprints for leaves and sticks.
Postmarketing surveillance on clinical use of edoxaban in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (ETNA‐AF‐Japan): Three‐month interim analysis results
Authors: Yamashita Takeshi , Koretsune Yukihiro , Ishikawa Mayumi , Shiosakai Kazuhito , Kogure Seiji
Published: December 2018

Background

Direct oral anticoagulants are the first‐line drugs for anticoagulation therapy in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, a real‐world, large‐scale, clinical study on edoxaban has not been performed. Our ongoing postmarketing surveillance, ETNA‐AF‐Japan (Edoxaban Treatment in routiNe clinical prActice in patients with non‐valvular Atrial Fibrillation; UMIN000017011), was designed to collect such data.

Methods

Enrollment started on 13 April 2015 and ended on 30 September 2017. Eligible patients were those diagnosed with NVAF who were to receive edoxaban for the first time and provided written consent for study participation. Baseline patient characteristics and adverse events (AEs) were collected.

Results

A total of 11 569 patients were enrolled. Data for 8157 patients in the first 3 months were analyzed. Mean age, body weight, creatinine clearance (CLcr), and CHADS2 score were 74.2 ± 10.0 years, 60.0 ± 12.6 kg, 64.0 ± 25.6 mL/min, and 2.2 ± 1.3, respectively. Female patients, and patients with age ≥75 years, body weight ≤60 kg, and CLcr <30 mL/min constituted 40.7%, 52.4%, 54.6%, and 4.7%, respectively. Patients with paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF constituted 46.1%, 38.7%, and 15.1%, respectively. Most patients (85.3%) received dosages according to the prescribing information, and 90.8% continued the medication for 3 months. Bleeding AEs occurred in 3.29%, including major bleeding in 0.29%.

Conclusions

The majority (90.8%) of patients continued medication and no significant safety concerns related to edoxaban were reported during the first 3 months of treatment. Clearer safety and efficacy profiles of edoxaban await data analyses after the 2‐year follow‐up period.
Source attribution matters: Mediation and moderation effects in the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction
Authors: Zhao Kai , Zhang Mian , Kraimer Maria L. , Yang Baiyin
Published: December 2018

On the basis of the source attribution perspective of work–family conflict, this study aims to first test whether threat to the family role mediates the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction. We then examine boundary conditions of the source attribution perspective by drawing on boundary management and gender role orientation theories to examine whether role segmentation enactment and gender role orientation moderate the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction. Using a scenario‐based experiment in Study 1, we find that threat to the family role mediates the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction. This finding provides evidence supporting the appraisal process proposed by the perspective of source attribution. Using survey data collected from 216 Chinese managers and their spouses in Study 2, we find that work‐to‐family conflict has a negative relationship with job satisfaction only among people with high levels of role segmentation between work and home. In addition, for male managers, the negative moderating effect of role segmentation enactment on the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction is stronger for those with a nontraditional gender role orientation, compared with those with a traditional gender role orientation. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Self‐monitoring personality trait at work: An integrative narrative review and future research directions
Authors: Kudret Selin , Erdogan Berrin , Bauer Talya N.
Published: December 2018

In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the self‐monitoring literature as it applies to the workplace context. Our starting point to the review is a meta‐analysis of self‐monitoring literature published inby Day, Schleicher, Unckless, and Hiller. After providing an overview of the theoretical basis of self‐monitoring and its measurement, we present a summary of the broad literature on self‐monitoring to examine the implications of self‐monitoring for employees and organizations. Based on our review, we identify the main outcomes of self‐monitoring as well as findings of the literature treating self‐monitoring as a moderator. We provide evidence that self‐monitoring has potential downsides, which would benefit from further investigation. We conclude our review by identifying important potential future research directions.
ZO phonon of a buffer layer and Raman mapping of hydrogenated buffer on SiC(0001)
Authors: Rejhon Martin , Kunc Jan
Published: December 2018

We have measured spatial Raman maps of hydrogen intercalated quasi‐free standing monolayer graphene (QFSMLG) on SiC(0001). We compare Raman spectra of QFSMLG with spectra of bare buffer layer, single‐layer graphene, and bare SiC substrate. We also present the evolution of QFSMLG Raman spectra with the temperature and duration of hydrogen intercalation. We present new Raman modes, and, on the basis of polarization resolved measurements, we attribute them to the totally symmetric out‐of‐plane optical phonon (ZO) modes of the buffer layer at the Γ and M points. We show that these modes are eliminated by hydrogen intercalation; thus, they indicate onset of buffer layer decoupling from the SiC substrate. The spatial mapping of Raman scattering reveals details of the optimal hydrogen intercalation at elevated temperatures. Further increase of the intercalation temperature leads to etching of the buffer layer and underlying SiC substrate. Therefore, we show that interplay between temperature and intercalation time is a promising route towards increased graphene grain size with reduced lattice strain.
Application of Polyethylene/Polypropylene Glycol Ethers of Fatty Alcohols for Micelle‐Mediated Extraction of Calendula anthodium
Authors: Śliwa Karolina , Śliwa Paweł , Sikora Elżbieta , Ogonowski Jan , Oszmiański Jan , Nowicka Paulina
Published: December 2018

Classical extraction methods used for the isolation of active substances from the plant materials are expensive, complicated, and often environmentally unfriendly. The ultrasonic assisted micelle‐mediated extraction (UAMME) method seems to be an interesting alternative. In this study, Calendula anthodium UAMME extract composition and antioxidant properties were examined. Several nonionic surfactants, from the group of ethoxy/propoxylated fatty alcohols, were applied in the extraction process. The results were compared with water and water‐ethanoic extracts of marigold flowers. Bioflavonoid compositions of the extracts were determined using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–diode‐array detector–mass spectrometry (UPLC‐DAD‐MS). Their antioxidant properties were evaluated using free radical‐scavenging activity (2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) measurement and Follin's method. Additionally, the structure of the selected flavonoids solubilized in the micelle solution was theoretically simulated using molecular dynamics (MD). The results confirmed that the UAMME method might be an alternative method for the sourcing of the plant extracts rich in natural antioxidants. The results indicated that UAMME extracts showed 19–37% higher DPPH radical inhibition than aqueous extracts. Furthermore, the selection of a suitable surfactant may thus provide the expected composition of the extract. Due to the use as eluents in UAMME, safe raw materials, the obtained marigold flower extracts can be applied as components in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
Staging laparoscopy among three subtypes of extra‐hepatic biliary malignancy: a 15‐year experience from 10 institutions
Authors: Davidson Jesse T. , Jin Linda X. , Krasnick Bradley , Ethun Cecilia G. , Pawlik Timothy M. , Poultsides George A. , Idrees Kamran , Weber Sharon M. , Martin Robert C. G. , Shen Perry , Hatzaras Ioannis , Maithel Shishir K. , Fields Ryan C. ,   and the U.S. Extrahepatic Biliary Malignancy Consortium
Published: December 2018

Background

Staging laparoscopy (SL) is used to avoid resection failure and thus increase the curative resection rate. SL utilization in extra‐hepatic biliary tumors (EHBT) is variable.

Methods

Data from 1090 patients with potentially resectable EHBT including gallbladder (GBC), distal (DC), and hilar (HC) subtypes were retrospectively collected from 10 academic centers (2000‐2015).

Results

The SL utilization rate increased over time and was significantly higher in GBC than DC and HC. SL yield was 16.8% and did not differ between groups or over time. In patients undergoing attempted resection with prior SL, the curative resection rate did not differ between subtypes. In patients undergoing attempted resection without prior SL, the curative resection rate was less in GBC compared with DC or HC. After matching cohorts by inverse probability weighting, prior SL was associated with curative resection in GBC only (odds ratio [OR], 2.41, 95% CI, 1.36‐4.27). On multivariable regression analysis, elevated carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9), low serum albumin, and GBC were strong predictors of distant disease on SL. After categorizing patients undergoing SL into low, intermediate, and high‐risk groups based on these parameters, SL yield improved progressively from 10.0% to 19.6% to 52.6%.

Conclusions

We recommend routine SL for patients with GBC, particularly with elevated CA19‐9 level and/or decreased serum albumin.
Fluctuating mast production does not drive Scandinavian brown bear behavior
Authors: Hertel Anne G. , Zedrosser Andreas , Kindberg Jonas , Langvall Ola , Swenson Jon E.
Published: December 2018

Bears often rely on soft or hard mast during fall hyperphagia when they increase body mass in preparation for winter hibernation. Studies of North American and Japanese bear populations suggest they respond to years of mast crop failure by increasing movement rates and roaming farther, with an increase in human–wildlife conflicts. In southcentral Sweden, brown bears (Ursus arctos) primarily feed on bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and lingonberry (V. vitis‐idaea) during hyperphagia. We hypothesized that berry production affects movement, activity, and space use behaviors of bears in Sweden, which have the potential to increase human–bear encounters. We tested whether seasonal activity patterns, human settlement visits, and clearcut selection ratios were affected by bilberry and lingonberry productivity between 2007 and 2017 with linear and generalized linear mixed effect models. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find that bears moved more or maintained larger home ranges in years of low berry production. Bears were slightly more active in years of higher bilberry production, but variation in behavior was primarily explained by demographic group and individual differences. Bears rarely visited human settlements and the number of visits did not increase in relation to shortage of natural foods. Likewise, population‐level selection for clearcuts was unrelated to berry production but reflected a differential food search behavior in the 2 peak berry seasons, with higher clearcut selection ratios during the lingonberry season. Only 12 bears regularly used agricultural fields, which were too few to relate field visits to berry production, but all bears visited fields more often during the later lingonberry season. We suggest that weaker fluctuations in berry production, a continuous spatial distribution of berries, and an apparent absence of forage‐limiting exploitative intra‐ or interspecific competition contribute to brown bears in Scandinavia being less food limited than bears in North America or Japan, which might help to explain the low number of human–bear conflicts in Sweden. Factors potentially influencing encounters and actual or perceived conflict between bears and humans differ among populations because of a different distribution of natural and non‐natural food resources or differences in the magnitude of variation in food abundance among years. These data are important to consider when communicating causes of human‐wildlife conflicts to the public. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Direct measurements of C3F7I dissociation rate constants using a shock tube ARAS technique
Authors: Bystrov Nikita , Emelianov Alexander , Eremin Alexander , Loukhovitski Boris , Sharipov Alexander , Yatsenko Pavel
Published: December 2018

This work presents the first direct experimental study on the thermal unimolecular decomposition of n‐C3F7I. Experiments were performed behind incident and reflected shock waves using the atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy (ARAS) technique on a resonant line of atomic iodine at 183.04 nm. The reaction C3F7I + Ar → C3F7 + I + Ar (1) was studied at specific temperature (800–1200 K) and pressure (0.6–8.3 bar) ranges. Under experimental conditions, the obtained values of the rate constant at temperatures below 950 K are close to the high‐pressure limit; however, considering theoretical calculations, the influence of pressure on the rate constant at elevated temperatures remains noticeable. The resulting value of the experimental rate constant of reaction 1 is presented in the following Arrhenius form:
urn:x-wiley:05388066:media:kin21244:kin21244-math-0001

Experimental data were found to correlate with the results of the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus –master equation analysis based on quantum‐chemical calculations. The following low‐ and high‐pressure limiting rate coefficients were obtained over the temperature range T = 300–3000 K:
urn:x-wiley:05388066:media:kin21244:kin21244-math-0002

with the center broadening factor Fc = 0.119.
Surgical treatment of glottic web using butterfly mucosal flap technique: Experience on 12 patients
Authors: Yılmaz Taner
Published: December 2018

Objectives

Many surgical methods have been described for the treatment of glottic web, with very little experience of each. Butterfly mucosal flap technique utilizes superior and inferior mucosal flaps on corresponding surfaces of the web; superior flap is elevated with its base on one vocal fold; and inferior flap is elevated with its base on the other vocal fold. These flaps are sutured to the vocal fold where flap's base is located. This requires four to six microsutures. The disadvantage of this technique is its difficulty. The advantages are single‐stage endoscopic outpatient surgery and high success rate.

Methods

This is an individual prospective cohort study. All consecutive 12 cases of glottic web were treated with butterfly mucosal flap technique and followed for at least 1 year postoperatively. Voice Handicap Index (VHI)‐30 including physical, functional, emotional, and total scores; acoustic analysis with /a/; aerodynamic measures; and respiratory function tests with a spirometer were determined pre‐ and postoperatively.

Results

Six patients were male; five were female; and one was male‐to‐female transsexual. Their ages ranged between 9 and 60 years with a mean of 36. All webs were caused by surgical trauma. All webs were cured with one surgery. The postoperative VHI scores, acoustic analysis results, aerodynamic measures, and respiratory function test results of patients improved significantly postoperatively (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Although technically difficult, butterfly mucosal flap technique is a very successful single‐stage endoscopic surgical option for the treatment of glottic webs.

Level of Evidence

2

Laryngoscope, 129:1423–1427, 2019
Over‐the‐Counter Tinnitus “Cures”: Marketers’ Promises Do Not Ring True
Authors: Vendra Varun , Vaisbuch Yona , Mudry Albert C. , Jackler Robert K.
Published: December 2018

Objectives

The Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery (2014) stated that clinicians should not recommend dietary supplements for the treatment of tinnitus. The aim of this study is to characterize over‐the‐counter tinnitus remedies (OTCTR) on the U.S. market, describe the ingredients and prices, and characterize the methods of promoting these products.

Methods

OTCTR were identified via Web search and visits to retail establishments. Information was collected regarding OTCTR chemical composition, product labeling, advertisements and marketing, price, and customers reviews.

Results

A wide array of unproven OTCTR exist on today's market. All make unfounded claims of relief from ear ringing. Most of the products considered in this study consist of mixtures of inexpensive and common vitamins, minerals, and/or herbs sold at a premium compared to similar preparations not expressly advertised for tinnitus. Certain brands, most notably Arches Tinnitus Formula (Arches Natural Products Inc., Salt Lake City, UT) and Lipo‐Flavonoid (Clarion Brands Inc., Solon, OH), target otolaryngologists by advertising in specialty journals and prominently featuring supposed endorsement by “Ear‐Nose‐and‐Throat Doctors” in their marketing.

Conclusion

It is important for otolaryngologists who are caring for tinnitus sufferers to be aware that a robust and diverse market exists for unproven OTC tinnitus remedies. It is troubling that heavily advertised brands profess support by otolaryngologists. Responsible specialty organizations in the field should consider opposing such commercially motivated representations. Otolaryngology journals may wish to adopt a policy along the lines of The Journal of the American Medical Association publications to decline advertisements of dietary supplements that make unproven therapeutic claims.

Level of Evidence

5

Laryngoscope, 129:1898–1906, 2019
Factors associated with epiglottic petiole prolapse repositioning success
Authors: Bergeron Mathieu , de Alarcon Alessandro , Hart Catherine K , Rutter Michael J.
Published: December 2018

Objective

Epiglottic petiole prolapse is an overlooked entity that could lead to supraglottic airway obstruction for patients with complex airway history. Classical symptoms include exercise intolerance, obstructive sleep apnea, and difficulty with decannulation. The goal of this project was to evaluate the factors associated with epiglottic petiole repositioning success.

Methods

Retrospective case series of patients with a complex history of airway reconstruction evaluated by the aerodigestive team at a tertiary pediatric hospital from May 2003 to August 2017. All patients underwent repositioning for petiole prolapse.

Results

We had a total of 59 patients (14 females, 23.7%) with complex airway anomalies with petiole prolapse noted during a microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy. Mean age was 12.9 ± 6.1 year old (range 1.3–35.9). Patients had a history of 2.2 (1–5) open airway surgeries, and 51 of 58 (87.9%) of them had a prior complete laryngofissure. Laryngotracheoplasty and petiole repositioning were performed as a double‐stage surgery for 54 of 58 (91.5%) patients. Epiglottic petiole prolapse was persistent in 20 patients (33.9%) and became symptomatic for 14 of them (23.7%). The main preventive factor of petiole prolapse recurrence was pre‐epiglottic fat debulking at the time of the repositioning, with an odds ratio of 0.06 (95% confidence interval 0.007–0.6, P = 0.01). Stent placement, longer duration of stent placement, and double‐stage procedure also increased the likelihood of success (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Patients with petiole prolapse have a history of complete laryngofissure and multiple open airway surgeries. Pre‐epiglottic fat debulking and longer stent placement at the time of the repositioning surgery appear to significantly increase the long‐term success rate.

Level of Evidence

4

Laryngoscope, 129:1984–1988, 2019
Feasibility and Safety of Split‐Liver Transplantation in a Nascent Framework of Deceased Donation
Authors: Cherukuru Ramkiran , Reddy Mettu Srinivas , Shanmugam Naresh P. , Rajalingam Rajesh , Kota Venugopal , Gunasekaran Vasanthakumar , Narasimhan Gomathy , Kaliamoorthy Ilankumaran , Rela Mohamed
Published: December 2018

Split‐liver transplantation (SLT) is a valuable option for optimizing the use of good‐quality deceased donor grafts. It is not routinely reported outside the West because of limited deceased donor numbers, technical and organizational constraints, lack of experience, and a predominant living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) practice. At our center, 20% of the liver transplantations (LTs) are from deceased donors. We report our experience of SLT and compare outcomes with pediatric and adult LDLT recipients. A prospectively maintained database of all LT recipients between September 2009 and March 2017 was analyzed. Each pediatric SLT recipient was matched to 2 pediatric LDLT recipients for age, weight, urgency, and year of transplant. Each adult SLT recipient was similarly matched to 2 adult LDLT recipients for age, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, and year of transplant. Intraoperative and postoperative parameters, including recovery time, morbidity (biliary and vascular complications, Clavien grade >IIIA complications), and mortality were compared. In total, 40 SLTs were performed after splitting 20 deceased donor livers (in situ, n = 11; hybrid split, n = 3; and ex vivo, n = 6). Recipients included 22 children and 18 adults. There were 18 livers that were split conventionally (extended right lobe and left lateral segment [LLS]), and 2 were right lobe–left lobe SLTs. Also, 3 LLS grafts were used as auxiliary grafts for metabolic liver disease. Perioperative mortality in SLT recipients occurred in 3 patients (2 children and 1 adult). Incidence of vascular, biliary, and Clavien grade >IIIA complications were similar between matched adult and pediatric SLT and LDLT groups. In conclusion, SLT is an effective technique with outcomes comparable to living donor grafts for adult and pediatric recipients. Using SLT techniques at centers with limited deceased donors optimizes the use of good‐quality whole grafts and reduces the gap between organ demand and availability.
A CMOS fully differential ring VCO with active inductors and I/Q outputs
Authors: Zhang Changchun , Wang Xinwen , Fang Junliang , Zhang Ying , Tang Lu
Published: December 2018

A novel four‐stage fully differential ring voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is presented and implemented in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The fully differential delay cell is chosen over the pseudo‐differential one to avoid the cross‐coupling pair, increase the oscillation frequency and improve common‐noise suppression. The inductive shunt peaking technique with active inductors instead of its passive counterpart is used to expand the bandwidth of the delay cell and then increase the oscillation frequency of the VCO without the expense of excessive area. The current bleeding transistor pair is connected in shunt with the tuning transistor pair in order to make sure the VCO oscillate over the entire tuning voltage with proper phase noise. Measurement results show that, from a single voltage supply of 1.8 V and an occupied area of 475 μm × 275 μm, the proposed VCO achieves an oscillation frequency range from 3.25 to 4.2 GHz with the optimum phase noise of −92.28 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz and an optimum FOM of −154.80 dBc/Hz.
Characterizing a novel scintillating glass for application to megavoltage cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Hu Yue‐Houng , Shedlock Daniel , Wang Adam , Rottmann Joerg , Baturin Paul , Myronakis Marios , Huber Pascal , Fueglistaller Rony , Shi Mengying , Morf Daniel , Star‐Lack Josh , Berbeco Ross I.
Published: December 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a prototype electric portal imaging device (EPID) with a high detective quantum efficiency (DQE) scintillator, LKH‐5. Specifically, image quality in context of both planar and megavoltage (MV) cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) is analyzed.

Methods

Planar image quality in terms of modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), and DQE are measured and compared to an existing EPID (AS‐1200) using the 6 MV beamline for a Varian TrueBeam linac. Imager performance is contextualized for three‐dimensional (3D), MV‐CBCT performance by measuring imager lag and analyzing the expected degradation of the DQE as a function of dose. Finally, comparisons between reconstructed images of the Catphan phantom in terms of qualitative quality and signal‐difference‐to‐noise ratio (SDNR) are made for 6 MV images using both conventional and LKH‐5 EPIDs as well as for the kilovoltage (kV) on‐board imager (OBI).

Results

Analysis of the NPS reveals linearity at all measured doses using the prototype LKH‐5 detector. While the first zero of the MTF is much lower for the LKH‐5 detector than the conventional EPID (0.6 cycles/mm vs 1.6 cycles/mm), the normalized NPS (NNPS) multiplied by total quanta (qNNPS) of the LKH‐5 detector is roughly a factor of seven to eight times lower, yielding a DQE(0) of approximately 8%. First, second, and third frame lag were measured at approximately 23%, 5%, and 1%, respectively, although no noticeable image artifacts were apparent in reconstructed volumes. Analysis of low‐dose performance reveals that DQE(0) remains at 80% of its maximum value at a dose as low as 7.5 × 10−6 MU. For a 400 projection technique, this represents a total scan dose of 0.0030 MU, suggesting that if imaging doses are increased to a value typical of kV‐CBCT scans (~2.7 cGy), the LKH‐5 detector will retain quantum noise limited performance. Finally, comparing Catphan scans, the prototype detector exhibits much lower image noise than the conventional EPID, resulting in improved small object representation. Furthermore, SDNR of H2O and polystyrene cylinders improved from −1.95 and 2.94 to −15 and 18.7, respectively.

Conclusions

Imaging performance of the prototype LKH‐5 detector was measured and analyzed for both planar and 3D contexts. Improving noise transfer of the detector results in concurrent improvement of DQE(0). For 3D imaging, temporal characteristics were adequate for artifact‐free performance and at relevant doses, the detector retained quantum noise limited performance. Although quantitative MTF measurements suggest poorer resolution, small object representation of the prototype imager is qualitatively improved over the conventional detector due to the measured reduction in noise.
1,2,3‐propanetriol radicals formed during oxidative stress
Authors: Durlak Piotr , Jerzykiewicz Maria , Ćwieląg‐Piasecka Irmina
Published: December 2018

The presented results attempt to approximate the proper structure of the radical formed as a result of the oxidation of 1,2,3‐propanetriol. To fulfil the aim unstable radical originated in 1,2,3‐propanetriol was trapped by PBN. Resulted spin adduct was measured using EPR spectroscopy and the isotropic hyperfine coupling constants aiso(14N) and aiso(1H) were obtained by simulation of the EPR spectrum. The next step consisted of conducting a comparative analysis of EPR parameters, based on the calculations conducted at the DFT and MP2 methods level in open‐shell formalism including solvent effects. For comparison, calculations were also carried out at the level of combined methods (UB3LYP/QCISD and UMP2/QCISD) in terms of the ONIOM formalism. Comparison of the experimental EPR data of the isotropic hyperfine coupling constants aiso(14N) and aiso(1H) with the calculated parameters indicate that oxidation of 1,2,3‐propanetriol leads to a carbon centred radical where unpaired electron is situated on the second (middle) carbon of 1,2,3‐propanetriol. What is important, this conclusion could be made regardless of the chosen calculation method. However, it could be stated that for calculation of the isotropic hyperfine coupling constants aiso(14N) and aiso(1H) of PBN/gly• adducts, UMP2 polarisable conductor calculation model with two ethanol molecules is explicitly defined.
Efficacy and safety of liraglutide in Indian adolescents with obesity
Authors: Kochar I. S. , Sethi A.
Published: December 2018

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of liraglutide in adolescents with obesity.

Materials and methods

Patients (n = 41) received injection liraglutide for at least 12 weeks and their pre‐baseline and post‐baseline characteristics were recorded and analysed. The key parameters analysed were weight, height, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin and sugar, 1 h insulin and glucose, 2 h insulin and glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, thyroid stimulating hormone and bone.

Results

There was a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in body weight, BMI, fasting, 1 h post‐glucose tolerance and 2 h glucose tolerance. The changes from baseline to the end of study were for body weight − 6.5 ± 4.2 kg and BMI –2.35 ± 1.30 kg m−2. Systolic blood pressure decreased from 119.25 ± 12.50 to 114.53 ± 9.53 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from 70.69 ± 14.52 to 70.82 ± 8.85 mmHg. Liver enzymes had improved from 34.36 ± 12.23 (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), 38.08 ± 21.02 (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) to 33.52 ± 11.23 (p = 0.03) and 33.99 ± 13.16 (p = 0.01), respectively. Cholesterol and triglyceride had improved from 152.46 ± 24.74 and 124.41 ± 33.27 to 151.71 ± 23.46 (p = 0.14) and 120.76 ± 26.22 (p = 0.009), respectively.

Conclusion

In conclusion, treatment with liraglutide in adolescents with obesity offers an efficacious and safe alternative to patients who are not responding to other available modalities.
“Better Retail, Better World”: A commentary on British retailers and the sustainable development goals
Authors: Jones Peter , Comfort Daphne
Published: December 2018

The British Retail Consortium's Better Retail, Better World initiative launched in 2018 and looks to mobilise the retail industry to make a leading contribution to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This short commentary paper outlines the features of this initiative and offers some reflections on some of the challenges British retailers seem likely to face in looking to contribute to the achievement of the SDGs. These challenges include the strategic prioritisation of SDGs, issues of measurement and metrics, communicating the retailers' position on the SDGs to consumers and the stakeholders, the retailers' financial commitment to the SDGs within a difficult trading environment, and fundamental tensions between sustainability and economic growth.
Comparable on‐therapy mortality and supportive care requirements in Black and White patients following initial induction for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Li Yimei , Newton Joanna G. , Getz Kelly D. , Huang Yuan‐Shung , Seif Alix E. , Fisher Brian T. , Aplenc Richard , Winestone Lena E.
Published: December 2018

Background

Black patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are more likely to present with high acuity and consequently experience higher rates of induction mortality than white patients. Given the consistently identified racial disparities in overall survival (OS) among patients with AML, we aimed to evaluate whether there were sustained on‐therapy racial differences in inpatient mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) requirements, or supportive care beyond initial induction.

Procedure

Within a retrospective cohort of 1239 children diagnosed with AML between 2004 and 2014 in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database who survived their initial course of induction chemotherapy, we compared on‐therapy inpatient mortality, ICU‐level care requirements, treatment course duration, cumulative length of hospital stay (LOS), and resource utilization after induction I by race.

Results

Over the period from the start of induction II through completion of frontline chemotherapy, there were no significant differences in mortality (adjusted odds ratios [OR], 1.01; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.41–2.48), ICU‐level care requirements (adjusted OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.69–1.26), LOS (adjusted mean difference, 3.2 days; 95% CI, −2.3–9.6), or supportive care resource utilization for black patients relative to white patients. Course‐specific analyses also demonstrated no differences by race.

Conclusion

Although black patients have higher acuity at presentation and higher induction mortality, such disparities do not persist over subsequent frontline chemotherapy treatment. This finding allows interventions aimed at reducing disparities to be directed at presentation and induction.
High‐performance thermoplastic hybrid composite reinforced with bucky paper for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Jiang Qian , Pei Xin , Wu Liwei , Li Ting‐Ting , Lou Ching‐Wen , Lin Jia‐Horng
Published: December 2018

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have extraordinary electrical conductivity but limited applications due to the ease of agglomeration, especially in thermoplastic composite. With the aim of achieving high electromagnetic interference shielding performance by applying MWCNTs in thermoplastic matrix, MWCNTs were made into buckypaper (BP) and then hot pressed with PP/PLA/TiO2hybrid films, forming sandwich‐structured BP/PP‐PLA‐TiO2hybrid composite films. BP was examined in terms of morphology, cell structure, and electrical conductivity, while BP/PP‐PLA‐TiO2hybrid composite film was tested for electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE), thermal properties and UV‐cut efficacy. It was found that using vacuum filtration successfully produced BP with a smooth and sleek surface and an even porosity ranging between 20 and 45 nm. The electrical conductivity of BP was proportional to its thickness. About 90 μm‐thick BP had 75.62% lower surface resistivity and 36.63% higher electrical conductivity than 30 μm‐thick BP. Moreover, the EMSE of BP/PP‐PLA‐TiO2composite film increased as a result of the higher thickness of BP. When the thickness of BPs was 90 μm, the BP/PP‐PLA‐TiO2composite film had an average EMSE of 40 dB at 0–3 GHz and a peak of 70 dB, and 119% higher tensile strength and 11% higher elastic modulus than those of PP/PLA/TiO2composite film. BP/PP‐PLA‐TiO2composite film had UV‐cut efficacy that was close to 0%. The addition of BP was proven to improve the crystallization and thermal stability. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3065–3074, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of freeze‐drying on the properties of silk fibroin/polyvinyl alcohol/hydroxyapatite composites
Authors: Zhang Xujing , Zhou Jianping , Xu Yan
Published: December 2018

Silk fibroin (SF)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite hydrogel and SF/PVA/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite were prepared by two methods: drying at room temperature and repeated freezing–thawing cycles. A comparative analysis was carried out for the composite material under various conditions, focusing on the properties of SF/PVA/HA composites, studied by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, swelling characteristics, mechanical compression, cytotoxicity, in vitro degradation, and drug carrying release experiment. The results show that compared with the SF/PVA/HA composites prepared by cooled at room temperature method, SF/PVA composite hydrogel was heated at 80°C after repeated freezing–thawing for three times, with HA blended, the SF/PVA/HA composites were obtained after freeze‐dried. The content of β‐sheet structure noticeably increased, which has the better mechanical properties and aqueous solution stability, good cell compatibility, moderate in vitro degradation rate and stable drug release rate, and can also be beneficial for material used in drug‐loaded tissue engineering bone scaffold to improve degradation of uniform rate and drug release stability. It provides a significant technique to achieve the treatment of anti‐bone tuberculosis and lesion bone defect repair. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3131–3139, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Flame‐retardant and thermal degradation mechanisms of melamine polyphosphate in combination with aluminum phosphinate in glass fabric‐reinforced epoxy resin
Authors: Chen Wenhua , Liu Pengju , Liu Yuan , Wang Qi , Duan Wenfeng
Published: December 2018

A system based on a nitrogen–phosphorous flame retardant, melamine polyphosphate (MPP), and aluminum phosphinate (OP), was employed to flame‐retard glass fabric‐reinforced epoxy resin composites (GFEP). Surface modification was adopted to effectively solve the aggregation of MPP and OP particles in EP matrix during the curing process. The flammability characteristics and synergistic effect have been studied by using limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL94) tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The flame resistance tests indicated that the synergism system with an optimized ratio achieved UL94 V‐0 (1.6 mm) rating and the LOI value of 33.5%. The chemical composition and structure of residue were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy. It is concluded that the synergistic system having a balance of nitrogen element and phosphorous element accelerate the carbonation of EP resin, which was in favor of the construction of compact and continuous charring structure, thus obtaining satisfactory flame retardance. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3199–3208, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Study of morphology and mechanical properties of PP/EPDM/clay nanocomposites prepared using twin‐screw extruder and friction stir process
Authors: Nakhaei Mohammad Reza , Mostafapour Amir , Dubois Charles , Naderi Ghasem , Reza Ghoreishy Mir Hamid
Published: December 2018

In this paper, PP/EPDM nanocomposites with 5 wt% nanoclay are fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP) and compared to the results obtained via a conventional twin screw extruder (TSE). Also, the effects of process parameters of these process on morphology and mechanical properties of this nanocomposites are investigated using Taguchi analysis. The prepared PP/EPDM/clay nanocomposites by two methods were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and mechanical property tests. Comparison of the results of these methods indicated that PP/EPDM/clay nanocomposite fabricated by FSP had a better dispersion of nanoclay and mechanical properties. The results show that by addition of 5 wt% nanoclay to the base material, the tensile strength and tensile modulus of FSP sample are 12% and 8% higher than the TSE sample. The TGA results shows that, the temperature at 50% weight loss for PP/EPDM blend is 382°C. While this temperature for TSE and FSP samples are 395°C and 406°C, respectively. Under optimal conditions of rotational speed of 1,200 rpm, traverse speed of 50 mm/min, shoulder temperature of 100°C and number passes of 3, simultaneous maximization of tensile strength (19.35 MPa), tensile modulus (643 MPa), impact strength (63 J/m) and elongation at break (101%) can be obtained. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3306–3314, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Maternal and neonatal outcomes after exposure to ADHD medication during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jiang Hai‐yin , Zhang Xue , Jiang Chun‐ming , Fu Hai‐bin
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications are used by increasing numbers of reproductive‐age women. The safety of these medications during pregnancy has not been well described.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with exposure to ADHD medication during pregnancy. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify potential studies for inclusion.

Results

Eight cohort studies that estimated adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes associated with exposure to ADHD medication during pregnancy were included. Exposure to ADHD medication was associated with an increased risk of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission compared with no exposure at any time (risk ratio (RR) 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7‐2.08) and compared with women with exposure either before or after pregnancy (RR 1.38; 95% CI, 1.23‐1.54; P < 0.001). Exposure to methylphenidate (MPH) was marginally associated with an increased risk for cardiac malformation (RR 1.27; 95% CI, 0.99‐1.63; P = 0.065) compared with no exposure. However, exposure to ADHD medication was not associated with an increased risk for other adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes. This analysis was limited by the small number of studies included and the limited adjustments for the possible confounders in the studies.

Conclusions

Exposure to ADHD medication during pregnancy does not appear to be associated with adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes. Given the few studies included, further larger, prospective studies that control for important confounders are needed to verify our findings.
Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 53)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Hishikawa Yoshihiro , Dunlop Ewan D. , Levi Dean H. , Hohl‐Ebinger Jochen , Yoshita Masahiro , Ho‐Baillie Anita W.Y.
Published: December 2018

Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since July 2018 are reviewed.
Absolute Quantification of All Identified Plasma Proteins from SWATH Data for Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Rice Shawn J. , Liu Xin , Zhang Jianhong , Belani Chandra P.
Published: December 2018

The current state of proteomics requires a choice between targeted and global discovery methods. A method, that combines targeted and data‐independent acquisition for absolute quantification of all identified plasma proteins, in a single sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ions (SWATH) acquisition run, using a panel of spike‐in standards (SIS), is established and optimized. The absolute quantification (AQ) of SWATH and multiple‐reaction monitoring‐high resolution (MRM‐HR) acquisition methods are compared using the 100 protein PlasmaDive SIS panel spiked into non‐depleted human plasma. SWATH provides equivalent quantification and differentially abundant protein profiles as MRM‐HR. Absolute quantities of the SIS peptides from the SWATH data are used to estimate the absolute quantities (eAQ) for all the proteins in the run. The eAQ values provide similar quantification and differentially abundant protein profiles as AQ and protein area (PA) values. As a proof‐of‐concept, the eAQ method is applied to 12 plasma samples from six non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and the performance of eAQ values versus peak area quantification is evaluated. There is a strong correlation between AQ and peak area ratios producing significant overlap of differentially abundant proteins. This eAQ method can provide quantitative data equivalent to AQ or peak area values.
Predicting historical indoor temperatures from available local weather data
Authors: Varela Jeanette J. , Anderson‐Cook Christine M. , Weaver Brian P. , Ticknor Lawrence O. , Skidmore Cary B.
Published: December 2018

In this article, a simple approach to modeling heat transfer between the outside environment to a location inside a building is used to precisely predict indoor temperatures for a large range of historical dates. The data collection, statistical modeling and prediction of inside temperature based on available weather data obtained outside the building of interest are presented. An initial simple linear regression model estimates the heat transfer mechanism between outside and inside which is used to predict historical indoor temperatures. The results of the model show that the inside temperature moderates but follows the outside temperatures with a seasonal pattern. In addition, uncertainty ranges for the estimates and predictions were constructed by calculating empirical confidence intervals for the average daily inside temperature and obtaining the range of observed temperatures within each day (within‐day variability). For the example of predicting the inside temperature of a Los Alamos National Laboratory storage bunker, the modeling approach provides excellent prediction over multiple years.
Concise Review: Towards the Clinical Translation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Blood Cells—Ready for Take-Off
Authors: Haake Kathrin , Ackermann Mania , Lachmann Nico
Published: December 2018

Since their discovery in 2006, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have opened up a world of possibilities for regenerative medicine and novel cell-based therapeutics. Now, over a decade later, robust reprogramming and expansion and differentiation protocols have been developed, and iPSC-derived cells have been used in a wide variety of small and large animal models to treat many different diseases. Furthermore, the first iPSC derivatives are on their way into clinical trials. In this line, (i) GMP-compliant generation, cultivation, and differentiation, (ii) preclinical efficacy and safety, as well as (iii) ethical and regulatory compliance of stem cell research represent important aspects that need to be evaluated for proper clinical translation of iPSCs and their derivatives. In this review article, we provide an overview of the current advances and challenges of the clinical translation of iPSC-derived blood cells and highlight the most pressing problems that have to be overcome in the next years. Stem Cells Translational Medicine  2019;8:332–339