bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BUSINESS RELATIONS BETWEEN THE LOW COST CARRIERS AND AIRPORTS AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE AIR TRANSPORT DEREGULATION
Authors: Katarelos Eleftherios , Koufodontis Iason
Published: April 2020

The deregulation of air transport has increased competition between air carriers, resulting in lower fares and increased volumes of passengers. Subsequently, the fare reduction has altered the market structure with the establishment of new carriers, strategic alliances and mergers, and the bankruptcy of several traditional airlines which were unable to adapt to the new environment. The emergence of low cost carriers (LCCs) is one important outcome of the deregulation. LCCs entered the market by offering a differentiated product based on bare services offered at significantly lower prices. The main target was travelers with increased sensitivity in pricing and less demand for all-around services. The rise in terms of passengers and flights dictated a better utilization of the fleet, requiring reduced turnaround times at airports. Many central airports had very little flexibility and capacity necessary to facilitate additional timeslots. As an answer to inadequate capacity combined with higher taxes and fees, most LCCs have chosen to use secondary or regional airports. This choice has altered the balance and strategic importance between airports and increased their importance for air carriers. This paper examines the evolution and development of LCCs globally, along with the consequences of their expansion to the traditional carriers, the market and the passengers. Emphasis is given to the relationship between LCCs and airports which has resulted in an additional increase in air travel. The prospects of Greece as a market for LCCs are also being discussed.
QANTAS FLIGHT QF32: LESSONS FROM AN INFLIGHT EMERGENCY
Authors: Douglas Ian , Evans David
Published: April 2020

This paper summarizes the address by Captain David Evans to the 2011 Air Transport Research Society annual conference in Sydney, Australia. The paper draws on the responses of the crew of Qantas flight QF32 to an inflight emergency to identify areas of weakness in simulator training. Two significant issues that emerge are the lack of simulated training for actions to be taken after the aircraft is successfully landed by the crew and the impact of a high workload on the crew’s ability to hear audible signals.
MAKING THE GO, NO-GO DECISION BASED ON NON-TRADITIONAL WEATHER PLANNING INFORMATION: THE CHALLENGE OF MEASURING THE IMPACTS OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES ON PILOT’S WEATHER RELATED DECISION MAKING IN GENERAL AVIATION
Authors: Burrows-McElwain J. Bryan , Dabipi I.K. , Hartman Chris
Published: April 2020

This paper explores contemporary issues regarding the challenges of quantifying improved decision making and situational awareness as it is applied to emerging tools in aviation weather information dissemination. The authors explore the phenomena of increased/improved pilot decision making due to additional visual representation of visual weather data. General concepts such as past and present flight planning tools and procedures are discussed. Additionally, the authors explore the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Alaskan Weather Camera program as a potential case study for future exploration of these concepts. A pilot survey tool was created and administered to a small test population as a part of an undergraduate Aviation Psychology course assignment. Preliminary findings and suggestions for future research are presented.
TOWARDS SEAMLESS PASSENGER TRANSPORT: PERFORMANCE OF INTERMODAL APPROACHES
Authors: Urban Marcia , Paul Annika , Cole Mara
Published: April 2020

The growing demand for mobility in general and for air transport in particular puts increasing pressure on today’s transportation providers. Supplying sufficient capacity, hence alleviating potential congestion of the entire system, and ensuring seamless and efficient operation of the overall transport system are two of the main challenges for the future. The integration of transport modes along the entire passenger journey can help to streamline the current system and, thus, increase existing capacities as well as passenger comfort level. Today, there are already some approaches in place that interlink different transport modes by providing single ticketing, or specially dedicated interchange platforms. Four such intermodal transport models are assessed within this paper. For this purpose, a set of key performance indicators is developed and applied to evaluate the intermodal transport performance of each concept. Aspects such as journey time and costs as well as baggage through-handling are considered and data for each concept acquired. Based on the evaluation, the AIRail concept is ranked highest since it best meets the criteria of a seamless passenger journey. However, the results show that there is potential for improvement within each investigated concept.
KEILAHIAN YESUS MENURUT INJIL YOHANES
Authors: Oet Supriadi
Published: April 2020

This paper wants to explain the Divinity of Jesus Christ according to the Gospel of John. This writing begins with the problematic present, namely the emergence of misconceptions about the person of Jesus Christ, such as the understanding of the Gnostic and pluralist groups today. To evaluate the wrong understanding needs a solid foundation, which is the gospel. The very gospel which deals with the person of Jesus Christ is the Gospel of John. With an explanation of the Divinity of Jesus Christ provides protection and answers to those who ask who Jesus Christ is.
KAJIAN EKSEGETIKAL MAKNA IMAN BERDASARKAN SURAT IBRANI 11:1-3
Authors: Waharman Waharman
Published: April 2020

The Hebrews were written to strengthen their faith in Christ by carefully explaining the superiority and firmness of God's revelation and redemption in Jesus Christ. He showed that the provision of redemption under the old covenant had been fulfilled and was no longer used because Jesus had come and established a new covenant by His death-working peace. The author also calls on all believers to maintain recognition of Christ so that at the end, the author then advises him to move forward toward spiritual maturity, and to not return to life under penalty by renouncing trust in Jesus Christ. In this study of Hebrews 11: 1-3, the writer provides understanding and understanding, as well as giving advice that faith is the basis for every believer, as well as a certain hope for Jesus Christ. As a result of the church's lack of understanding of the meaning of faith, many apostate congregations who abandoned their faith, beliefs, and perseverance before God disappeared. besides that most of the congregation have experienced the decline of faith. Therefore believers need to understand the text of God's Word from Hebrews 11: 1-3 in every step of life.
Orbital Hydatid Cyst Manifested as Expanding Exophthalmos Following Blunt Orbital Trauma
Authors: Diatchuk Valery , Rumelt Shimon , Rehany Uri
Published: April 2020

A 14-year-old boy suffered right blunt orbital trauma. X-ray revealed a compressed fracture of the right ethmoidal sinuses. Three months after the trauma, progressive, painless right proptosis developed. Ocular examination revealed a severe proptosis and pronounced down displacement of the right globe without signs of orbital inflammation. A well-demarcated, extraconal right orbital cystic mass was seen on computerized tomography scan. The cyst contents were aspirated and found to contain echinococcal scolices and “hydatid sand.” Hypertonic saline was injected and the cyst was excised. Progressive proptosis after blunt orbital trauma in patients from endemic areas should be suspected of being an orbital hydatid cyst.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:369–371.
Interval Type 2 Fuzzy Fireworks Algorithm for Clustering
Authors: Barraza Juan , Valdez Fevrier , Melin Patricia , Gonzalez Claudia I.
Published: April 2020

This chapter presents Interval Type 2 Fuzzy Fireworks Algorithm for clustering (IT2FWAC). It is an optimization method for finding the optimal number of clusters based on the centroid features which uses the Fireworks Algorithm (FWA), but with a dynamic adjustment of parameters using an Interval Type 2 Fuzzy Inference System (IT2FIS). Three variations of the IT2FWAC are proposed to find the optimal number of clusters for different datasets: IT2FWAC -I, IT2FWAC -II, and IT2FWAC –III. They are explained in detail.
A Critical Look at Social Reporting Evolution
Authors: Castilla-Polo Francisca
Published: April 2020

This study analyzes the evolution of social reporting. After reviewing the literature on this topic and the main initiatives, reports, and standards, three stages can be distinguished: early moments, middle course, and current situation. All these stages have a coinciding concern that is accountability, but a very different way of putting it into practice. As the main conclusion, accountability continues to be the main objective of social reporting because companies understand the need to attend to stakeholders' demands in line with the stakeholder theory. However, voluntariness seems to give way to a regulatory horizon that allows the information received by these groups to be more relevant and reliable according to Directive 2014/95/EU for Non-Financial Information as a benchmark example of the social case in an international sphere. This contribution can help accounting regulators to address the immediate future of social reporting because understanding the past is a key to approaching the future.
A Robust IOT-Cloud IaaS for Data Availability within Minimum Latency
Authors: Hammoudi Sarra , Harous Saad , Aliouat Zibouda
Published: April 2020

Sensors in Internet of Things generate a huge amount of data. The massive volume of the captured data is stored on cloud servers. Over time, the unbalanced load servers prevent better resource utilization. It also increases the input and the output response time. Hence, applying load balancing techniques is very important to achieve efficient system performance. Ensuring the critical data availability in such dynamic systems is very essential. In this article, the authors propose ROBUST for ensuring data availability mechanism and a fault-tolerance architecture. ROBUST also realises load balancing among servers within minimum latency, by avoiding the problem of the overloaded sites and unbalanced use of the resources on the servers. Comparing the response time using the ROBUST and Load Balancing in the Cloud Using Specialization (LBCS), ROBUST architecture has given satisfactory results in terms of critical data latency. Compared with LBCS, ROBUST gains 42% critical data recovery from a primary server and 45% when searching for duplicated critical data. The authors implemented the system using the JADE platform.
Native Tongue by Mojo Juju
Authors: Murchison Paul
Published: April 2020

The following is a review of the song and accompanying video clip ‘Native Tongue’ by Mojo Juju (Luzuriaga 2018); a queer artist of mixed Indigenous Australian, white Australian and Filipino ethnicities. The song tells of her struggles with this identity in the Australian context and the video clip uses striking imagery to accompany this story. Both the song and the video successfully use elements of hip-hop and Aboriginal corroboree, combined with glitchy effects to communicate a disconnect between the artist and her confusing identity.
Capturing "The Rabbits"
Authors: Furlan Sarah
Published: April 2020

The Rabbits, written by John Marsden and illustrated by Shaun Tan, is a beautifully designed yet melancholy allegory for the ‘discovery’ and subsequent colonisation of Australia. With its focus on Indigenous Australian history, Marsden has managed to summarise much of the Australian colonisation process in just 229 words. Since it was first published in 1998, the picture book has won multiple awards and continues to be a relevant text, with the issues depicted throughout still significant in Australia’s contemporary social and political spheres.
Liver Assist Devices for Liver Failure
Authors: Kumar Mandal Amrendra , Garlapati Pavani , Tiongson Benjamin , Gayam Vijay
Published: April 2020

Historically, mortality rates for liver failure have been high, regardless of the type. With new advancements in liver transplantation (LTx), 1-year survival rates have improved up to 95% in most recent estimates. While some patients may live past the critical period, the majority of patients do not survive the interval period for awaiting LTx or liver regeneration. The function of the liver to detoxify and correct several biochemical parameters has been achieved to some extent through artificial liver support technology, although constant innovations are still being developed for the most optimal liver support device. The complex function of the liver makes it challenging since it does not only detoxify toxic by-products but also participates in numerous other synthetic and metabolic functions of the body. Liver support systems are divided into an artificial liver assist device (ALD) and a bioartificial liver assist device (BLD). ALDs include molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS), Prometheus, single-pass albumin dialysis, and selective plasma filtration therapy. These devices work as a blood purification system of the liver. On the other hand, BLD has hepatic cell lines incorporated in its equipment, which aims to function as a complex biological liver system providing support to its biochemical processes. Several clinical and randomized trials have conflicting results on the survival of the patients with acute liver failure (ALF), and the ideal liver support system still seems a far-off goal.
Hidrocondicionamento de sementes de Piptadenia moniliformis Benth. e seus efeitos sobre a tolerância ao estresse salino
Authors: Benedito Clarisse Pereira , Ramalho Luirla Bento , Pereira Kleane Targino Oliveira , Silva Kelem Cristiany Nunes , Medeiros Hohana Lissa de Sousa
Published: April 2020

A salinidade é um dos principais estresses abióticos que afeta a germinação e crescimento de plantas em regiões áridas e semiáridas. Sendo assim, algumas técnicas alternativas podem ser utilizadas para amenizar os efeitos negativos da exposição ao sal, dentre elas, o hidrocondicionamento, que consiste na embebição controlada das sementes, suficiente para promover a ativação das fases iniciais da germinação (fases I e II), sem que ocorra protrusão da raiz primária. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do hidrocondicionamento na germinação e vigor de sementes de Piptadenia moniliformis submetidas ao estresse salino. Para determinação do tempo de hidrocondicionamento, realizou-se a curva de embebição, cujo tempo escolhido foi de 38 horas. Para simulação do estresse salino durante a germinação de sementes, prepararam-se soluções com o cloreto de sódio (NaCl) nos potenciais -0,3, -0,6, -0,9 e -1,2 MPa. O teste de germinação foi realizado com sementes hidrocondicionadas e não-hidrocondicionadas, semeadas em folhas de papel germitest® umedecidos com as soluções salinas e mantidos em câmara de germinação tipo B.O.D. (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) a 25°C, durante 21 dias. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes, sendo o primeiro fator formado por sementes hidrocondicionadas e não-hidrocondicionadas e o segundo aos potenciais do estresse salino (-0,3, -0,6, -0,9 e -1,2 MPa). As variáveis analisadas foram: germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, altura de plântulas, comprimento de raiz e massa seca de plântulas. O hidrocondicionamento reduz os efeitos negativos do estresse salino sobre o vigor das sementes de P. moniliformis, até o limite de até -0,9 MPa.
Perfil epidemiológico da Hanseníase em Rondonópolis / MT: 2001 a 2010
Authors: Souza Tony José de , Cruz Neto Lourenço Ribeiro da , Lisboa Helen Cristina Fávero
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os casos novos de Hanseníase notificados e confirmados no Município de Rondonópolis/MT. Trata-se de pesquisa de caráter quantitativo, com delineamento transversal, não experimental, retrospectiva, por meio de avaliação exploratória e descritiva utilizando dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) do Ministério da Saúde no período de 2001 a 2010. Durante o período do estudo foram diagnosticados 1.919 novos casos, o grupo etário mais frequente foi de 20 a 39 anos, sexo masculino, pardos, ensino fundamental incompleto e residente em zona urbana. Constatou-se ainda que a classificação operacional mais frequente  foi a multibacilar, sendo a  dimorfa predominante e a maioria dos casos não apresentaram nenhuma incapacidade física. Os resultados evidenciam elevado índice de casos de Hanseníase, sendo necessário descentralizar as ações de controle desta doença, capacitar os profissionais de saúde para realizarem o diagnostico precoce e prevenção.
Há efeitos da reabilitação pulmonar sobre o risco cardiovascular em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica?
Authors: Adolfo Juliano Rodrigues , Goulart Cássia Luz , Cardoso Dannuey Machado , Paiva Dulciane Nunes , Silva Andréa Lúcia Gonçalves da , Reckziegel Miriam Beatris
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Identificar os efeitos do programa de reabilitação pulmonar (PRP) sobre os fatores de risco cardiovascular e de mortalidade em portadores de DPOC. Métodos: Avaliamos 26 portadores de DPOC antes e após oito semanas de Reabilitação Pulmonar (RP), através de volumes pulmonares pela espirometria, Teste de Caminhada de Seis Minutos (TC6), índice tornozelo braquial (ITB), além das avaliações antropométricas, variáveis hemodinâmicas e índice de sobrevida. Resultados: Dos 26 pacientes, 76,9% (n=20) apresentaram estadiamento da DPOC grave ou muito grave. Constatada correlação significativa entre BODE e ITB pré PRP (p=0,03; r=-0,41) com redução significativa do BODE entre o pré e pós PRP (p=0,03). Não houve diferença significativa nas variáveis cardiovasculares analisadas: ITB, RCQ, DP, FC, PAS, PAD, CC, RCEst e mVO2 entre o período pré e pós PRP, bem como na capacidade funcional avaliada através do TC6. Conclusão: Foi evidenciada redução do risco de mortalidade após PRP nos portadores de DPOC.
Caracterização dos usuários hipertensos e diabéticos acompanhados em uma unidade de saúde da família
Authors: Santos Bianca Pozza dos , Souza Silvia Alves de
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar os usuários hipertensos e diabéticos acompanhados em uma unidade de saúde da família, de um município da região Sul do Brasil. Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e ilustrativo, envolvendo usuários hipertensos e/ou diabéticos cadastrados em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um roteiro semiestruturado para a captação do perfil. Para análise dos dados, as informações foram confrontadas com a literatura da área, bem como reflexões. Observou-se maior prevalência do sexo feminino e idade igual ou acima de 60 anos. O nível de escolaridade prevaleceu o Ensino Fundamental Incompleto, além do Analfabetismo, e a maioria das pessoas era aposentada. Também se destacou a hipertensão. Os dados reportam a uma importante questão de Saúde Pública referente à dificuldade de acesso dos usuários e as consequências sociais, econômicas e políticas relacionadas à tomada de decisão da gestão.
Relationship Between Response and Dose in Published, Contemporary Phase I Oncology Trials
Authors: Hazim Antonious , Mills Gordon , Prasad Vinay , Haslam Alyson , Chen Emerson Y.
Published: April 2020

Background: As progress continues in oncology drug development, this study aimed to examine whether the previously established association between drug dose and efficacy in the era of cytotoxic therapies remains true in today’s phase I dose-escalation oncology trials. Methods: A systematic review of early-phase dose-finding trials of single-agent oncology drugs from 2015 to 2018 was conducted to examine the relationship between drug dose and objective responses. Cancer-specific trials were included if they determined maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Data related to the study drug, study design, treatment response, cancer type, dose levels, MTD, and RP2D were all collected. Dose level was categorized into 4 categories (≤40%, 41%–80%, 81%–120%, and >120% of the RP2D) and was further analyzed by class of drug. Results: A total of 175 phase I studies were identified, with a total of 7,330 patients showing a median response rate of 5% (range, 0%–83%) across trials. A total of 93 trials with 2,506 participants had response data corresponding to drug dose level. In this subset, the median response rate was 5% (range, 0%–83%) across trials. Across all participants in this subset, the response rate was 12% (57 of 491) among those in the dose range of ≤40% of RP2D, 17% (95 of 562) among those in 41% to 80% of RP2D, 23% (272 of 1,206) among those in 81% to 120% of RP2D, and 29% (71 of 247) among those in >120% of RP2D (P<.001). The response rate at ≤40% of RP2D for targeted antibody was 5%, 4% for cellular therapy, 19% for immunotherapy, and 21% for small-molecule targeted inhibitors. Conclusions: Whereas our study of published phase I trials continued to show a low response rate consistent with earlier studies, the relationship between response and dose does not always peak at 81% to 120% of RP2D anymore, likely due to the use of novel immunotherapy and targeted agents with distinct efficacy and toxicity patterns.
Gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy in subtypes of ampullary adenocarcinoma: international propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Moekotte A L , Malleo G , van Roessel S , Bonds M , Halimi A , Zarantonello L , Napoli N , Dreyer S B , Wellner U F , Bolm L , Mavroeidis V K , Robinson S , Khalil K , Ferraro D , Mortimer M C , Harris S , Al-Sarireh B , Fusai G K , Roberts K J , Fontana M , White S A , Soonawalla Z , Jamieson N B , Boggi U , Alseidi A , Shablak A , Wilmink J W , Primrose J N , Salvia R , Bassi C , Besselink M G , Abu Hilal M
Published: April 2020

Background

Whether patients who undergo resection of ampullary adenocarcinoma have a survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to compare survival between patients with and without adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of ampullary adenocarcinoma in a propensity score-matched analysis.

Methods

An international multicentre cohort study was conducted, including patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for ampullary adenocarcinoma between 2006 and 2017, in 13 centres in six countries. Propensity scores were used to match patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy with those who did not, in the entire cohort and in two subgroups (pancreatobiliary/mixed and intestinal subtypes). Survival was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analyses.

Results

Overall, 1163 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for ampullary adenocarcinoma. After excluding 187 patients, median survival in the remaining 976 patients was 67 (95 per cent c.i. 56 to 78) months. A total of 520 patients (53·3 per cent) received adjuvant chemotherapy. In a propensity score-matched cohort (194 patients in each group), survival was better among patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy than in those who did not (median survival not reached versus 60 months respectively; P = 0·051). A survival benefit was seen in patients with the pancreatobiliary/mixed subtype; median survival was not reached in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and 32 months in the group without chemotherapy (P = 0·020). Patients with the intestinal subtype did not show any survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Patients with resected ampullary adenocarcinoma may benefit from gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy, but this effect may be reserved for those with the pancreatobiliary and/or mixed subtype.
Modeling and simulation analysis of public opinion polarization in a dynamic network environment
Authors: Yuan Jiangjun , Shi Jiawen , Che Juyan , Xu Chonghuan , Wang Jie
Published: April 2020

At present, there are many group incidents on the Internet, which has caused a high level of public opinion. Hot issues on the Internet can often trigger intense discussions among netizens and finally evolve toward bipolarization or multipolarization. This article focuses on the phenomenon of public opinion polarization under the dynamic network. First, the single‐dimensional evaluation system for the JA model was expanded to multidimensional and analyzes the main factors that cause the polarization of public opinion of network groups from multiple dimensions of hot events. Second, the strength of the relationship between individuals and its dynamic changes were taken into account in the model. The strength of the relationship between individuals and its changes will affect the interaction of opinions, and thus affect the degree and speed of group polarization. Third, combining the changing process of the strength of relationship, the dynamic connection mechanism of network nodes was set to make the network structure more consistent with the social network in real life. Finally, we verify the reliability and scientificity of the model by combining practical cases.
Predictive Validity of a QTc Interval Prolongation Risk Score in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Su Ke , McGloin Rumi , Gellatly Rochelle M.
Published: April 2020

Background

Torsade de pointes is a form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with heart rate–corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation. With approximately 24–61% of critically ill patients experiencing QTc interval prolongation, a predictive tool to identify high‐risk patients could assist in the monitoring and management in the intensive care unit (ICU). The Tisdale et al. Risk Score (TRS) is a predictive tool that was developed and validated in a cardiac critical care unit.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity (sensitivity and specificity) and likelihood ratios of the TRS in a medical ICU.

Methods

This was a longitudinal, retrospective, cohort study of consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria from October 2017 to June 2018 with a sample size of 264 patients. The sample size was derived based on the number of TRS covariates and an exploratory variable. Baseline characteristics and risk factors were documented from electronic health records. The first occurrence of QTc interval prolongation, defined as a QTc interval > 500 ms or an increase ≥ 60 ms above baseline, was the primary endpoint.

Main Results

The sensitivity and specificity of the TRS for low‐risk patients against the moderate‐risk and high‐risk patients were 97% (95% CI 91–99%) and 16% (95% CI 11–23%), respectively. These results corresponded to a positive likelihood ratio of 1.15 (95% CI 1.07–1.24) and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.20 (95% CI 0.06–0.65).

Conclusions

In conclusion, the TRS showed a high sensitivity, making it useful in identifying patients at risk of developing QTc interval prolongation. Furthermore, patients categorized as low risk by the tool can be considered as having minimal risk of developing QTc interval prolongation. Given the tool's low specificity, it does not reliably identify all patients at low risk of QTc interval prolongation.
Akupunktur bei Schmerzerkrankungen und Allergien – von der klinischen Erfahrung zur Evidenz
Authors: Brinkhaus Benno , Ortiz Miriam , Dietzel Joanna , Willich Stefan
Published: April 2020

Hintergrund

Die Akupunktur ist ein Therapieverfahren der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin, das inzwischen auch in der westlichen Welt häufig eingesetzt wird. In den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten wurde es intensiv wissenschaftlich untersucht.

Ziel der Arbeit

Darstellung von Wirksamkeit, Therapiesicherheit und gesundheitsökonomischer Relevanz der Akupunktur bei chronischen Schmerzerkrankungen und Allergien.

Material und Methoden

Im Rahmen einer Übersichtsarbeit (narratives Review) wird die relevante Literatur ausgesucht, vorgestellt und interpretiert.

Ergebnisse

Akupunktur hat sich bei vielen chronischen Schmerzerkrankungen unter Routinebedingungen als wirksam erwiesen, so z. B. bei Kniegelenksschmerzen aufgrund von Arthrose, bei Migräne, Spannungskopfschmerz, chronischen Schmerzen der Lenden- und Halswirbelsäule, Schulterschmerzen, Dysmenorrhö und Fibromyalgie. Außerdem zeigt sich bei den meisten Schmerzerkrankungen eine spezifische Wirksamkeit. Auch bei Patienten mit allergischen Erkrankungen ist Akupunktur wirksam. Akupunktur hat sich in den großen klinischen Studien als relativ sicheres Therapieverfahren erwiesen, allerdings kommen in seltenen Fällen auch schwere Komplikationen vor (z. B. Pneumothoraxfälle, Hepatitisinfektionen). In der Regel ist Akupunktur mit zusätzlichen Therapiekosten verbunden, gilt allerdings bei Schmerzerkrankungen als kosteneffektive Therapiestrategie.

Diskussion

Als nichtpharmakologischem Verfahren kommt Akupunktur eine wachsende Bedeutung bei der Behandlung von chronischen Schmerzerkrankungen und Allergien zu. Sie wird daher zunehmend in aktuelle Therapieleitlinien aufgenommen. In weiteren Studien sollte ihre Wirksamkeit bei weiteren Indikationen bestimmt werden. Die Wirkmechanismen sollten untersucht werden.
« Au ciel de la richesse »: Le cœur théologique caché du rationnel économique occidental
Authors: Todeschini Giacomo
Published: April 2020

Résumés

Les historiens de la pensée économique et les économistes ont souvent décrit notre vision actuelle de l’économie ainsi que la science économique, censée transposer cette vision en termes rigoureux, comme l’aboutissement d’un double processus : toutes deux seraient le fruit, d’une part, du développement de la rationalité européenne et, d’autre part, de la modernisation/sécularisation de la pensée économique prémoderne (c’est-à-dire médiévale). Le développement de la rationalité économique européenne a donc été envisagé et représenté comme la victoire sur les conceptions économiques propres au Moyen Âge et à l’époque moderne, et ce par des auteurs aux points de vue très variés. On peut toutefois avancer une autre interprétation de l’évolution des langages économiques européens et de l’histoire de la « pensée économique » occidentale entre le Moyen Âge et la modernité, autrement dit entre lexveet lexviiie siècle. Selon cette perspective alternative, sur le plan formel, certains aspects de la science économique moderne (et, plus généralement, de la modernisation économique de l’Occident) résulteraient plutôt de l’incorporation et de la mise en œuvre systématique, durant l’époque moderne, de composants linguistiques/politiques hérités de la prémodernité. Ces composants consistent en des métaphores, des images et des allégories qui représentent la croissance ou la stagnation économique, de même que les asymétries économiques et les disparités sociales, comme participant d’un équilibre organique, fondé sur un ordre naturel ou providentiel. Ce système métaphorique de notions, ancré à l’origine dans une syntaxe conceptuelle issue du discours théologique, fut traduit en un langage qui, en convertissant les métaphores économiques en lois de l’économie, dissimulait leur sens historique et politique. L’imaginaire économique prémoderne pouvait alors être réactivé sous la forme d’une rhétorique qui représentait les asymétries économiques comme la conséquence naturelle et nécessaire d’un ordre économique rationnel et vérifiable.
Les indigènes de la République: Altérité, race et politique dans le Mexique post-révolutionnaire (années 1940-années 1950)
Authors: Robinet Romain
Published: April 2020

Résumés

Destiné à accélérer un processus de métissage prétendument à l’œuvre depuis la Conquête, l’indigénisme mexicain s’est donné pour buts successifs de favoriser la « fusion raciale » au sein de la population et de planifier l’« acculturation » des minorités indigènes. Mises en place durant les années 1930, 1940 et 1950, les premières politiques indigénistes, qu’elles fussent menées par le Département autonome des affaires indigènes, par le ministère de l’Éducation publique ou par l’Institut national indigéniste, visaient largement à « incorporer l’Indien à la civilisation ». Fruit d’une vision à la fois occidentale, progressiste et paternaliste, elles transformèrent, ce faisant, la catégorie raciale « indigène » en une catégorie politique légitime, axée sur un référentiel interaméricain. Plusieurs jeunes Mexicains ayant bénéficié des premiers « internats indigènes », lesquels se généralisèrent dans les années 1930, purent dès lors se considérer comme « indiens » ou « aborigènes », renverser le stigmate pesant sur eux et utiliser stratégiquement l’altérité comme une ressource politique. Cette contribution retrace ainsi l’histoire de cette génération qui mobilisa, durant les années 1940 et 1950, ses « frères de race » dans une série d’organisations dont la matrice fut la Confédération nationale des jeunes indigènes. Ces organisations structurèrent un mouvement national indien d’apparence massive, comptant plusieurs dizaines de milliers d’adhérents, qui chercha à la fois à exprimer publiquement des demandes socio-économiques, éducatives et sanitaires et à s’intégrer au Parti révolutionnaire institutionnel, comme un « secteur » officiel, défini de manière raciale.
Numerical study of active galactic nucleus feedback in an elliptical galaxy with MACER
Authors: Yuan Feng , Ostriker Jeremiah P. , Yoon DooSoo , Li Ya-Ping , Ciotti Luca , Gan Zhao-Ming , Ho Luis C. , Guo Fulai
Published: April 2020

This paper summarizes our recent works of studying AGN feedback in an isolated elliptical galaxy by performing high-resolution hydrodynamical numerical simulations. Bondi radius is resolved and the mass accretion rate of the black hole is calculated. The most updated AGN physics, namely the discrimination of cold and hot accretion modes and the exact descriptions of the AGN radiation and wind for a given accretion rate are adopted and their interaction with the gas in the host galaxy is calculated. Physical processes such as star formation and SNe feedback are taken into account. Consistent with observation, we find the AGN spends most of the time in the low-luminosity regime. AGN feedback overall suppresses the star formation; but depending on location in the galaxy and time, it can also enhance it. The light curve of specific star formation rate is not synchronous with the AGN light curve. These results put a serious challenge to the observational test of the relation between AGN activity and star formation. We find that wind usually plays a dominant role in controlling the AGN luminosity and star formation, but radiation also cannot be neglected.
A jet proper motion study in the early Universe
Authors: Perger Krisztina , Frey Sándor , Gabányi Krisztina É.
Published: April 2020

We constrained the jet proper motion of PMN J2134–0419 at z = 4.33 to μ = 0.035±0.023mas yr−1 using very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). This is the second most distant source where such a measurement could be made. Another distant blazar SDSS J1026+2542 (z = 5.27) shows jet component proper motions up to μ = 0.112 ± 0.031 mas yr−1. In both cases, the measured values are consistent with the expectations of current ΛCDM cosmological models.
Simulations of the W50-SS433 system
Authors: Millas Dimitrios , Porth Oliver , Keppens Rony
Published: April 2020

Supernovae and astrophysical jets are two of the most energetic and intriguing objects in the universe. We examine an interesting scenario that involves the interaction of these two extreme phenomena, motivated by observations of the W50-SS433 system: a jet launched from the microquasar SS433 (an X-ray binary) located inside a supernova remnant, W50. These observations revealed a unique morphology of the remnant, attributed to the presence of the jet. We performed full 3D relativistic hydrodynamic simulations to better capture the interaction between the remnant and the jet and post-processed the data with a radiative transfer code to create emission maps.
Two novel chiral tetranucleate copper-based complexes: crystal structures, nanoparticles, and inhibiting angiogenesis and the growth of human breast cancer by regulating the VEGF/VEGFR2 signal pathwayin vitro
Authors: Zhang Pei-Lu , Hou Xiao-Xiao , Liu Mei-Rong , Huang Fu-Ping , Qin Xiu-Ying
Published: April 2020

Nano-copper-based complexes containingl-methioninol-derived Schiff bases act as an inhibitor of angiogenesis and an inducer of apoptosis to resist breast cancerin vitro.
Non-centrosymmetric sulfides A2Ba6MnSn4S16 (A = Li, Ag): syntheses, structures and properties
Authors: Duan Ruihuan , Lin Hua , Wang Yue , Zhou Yuqiao , Wu Liming
Published: April 2020

Li2Ba6MnSn4S16 and Ag2Ba6MnSn4S16 are synthesized for the first time. By modulating disordered sites with Mn2+, they not only show strong SHG responses and wide band gaps (5.1, 2.7 × AgGaS2; 2.88, 2.76 eV), but also possess paramagnetism.
Ambient pressure synthesis of Eu3+doped δ-BiB3O6by seed-assisted high temperature solid state reactions
Authors: Zhao Yunwei , Jiang Pengfei , Gao Wenliang , Cong Rihong , Ju Jing , Yang Tao
Published: April 2020

A high level of Eu3+(7 atom%) was doped successfully, suggesting the possible single crystal growth of bi-functional RE3+-doped δ-BiB3O6.
Synthesis of methylene cyclopropane-fused chromenes and dihydroquinolines by sequential [4 + 2]- and [1 + 2]-annulation
Authors: Lu Tianyu , Zhang Xuange , Miao Zhiwei
Published: April 2020

A base promoted sequential [4 + 2]- and [1 + 2]-annulation of 2-hydroxychalcones or 2-tosylaminochalcones with prop-2-ynylsulfonium salts was developed.
Complex Sentences in an Elementary Science Curriculum: A Research Note
Authors: Curran Maura
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Elementary school students are expected to participate in science learning settings that place high demands on skill with certain types of grammatical structures, including complex sentences. This research note aims to clarify the types of complex sentences that are evident in a general education science curriculum across the elementary school years in order to assist clinicians and others in better understanding the specific language demands of science learning in the classroom.

Method

I analyzed all sentences within children's texts and suggested teacher scripting from the first-, third-, and fifth-grade science units of a commonly used general education curriculum aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards. We determined the frequency and type of complex sentences that were present for each type of material (text, teacher scripts) and grade level.

Results

Complex sentences are evident in both children's texts and suggested scripting provided to teachers at all grade levels. The rate of complex sentences in children's readings is higher in third- and fifth-grade texts than in first-grade texts. Complement clauses are common throughout, and adverbial and relative clauses are more frequent in third- and fifth-grade texts than in first-grade texts.

Conclusions

Children are expected to read and listen to complex sentences across the elementary school years. Speech-language pathologists should be aware of the language demands that general education science curricula may pose to students at different ages.
Language and Literacy Together: Supporting Grammatical Development in Dual Language Learners With Risk for Language and Learning Difficulties
Authors: Bedore Lisa M. , Peña Elizabeth D. , Fiestas Christine , Lugo-Neris Mirza J.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Early Interventions in Reading (Vaughn et al., 2006), the only literacy intervention with demonstrated effectiveness for U.S. dual language learners, was enhanced to support the development of oral language (vocabulary, grammar, and narrative) and literacy, which we refer to as “Language and Literacy Together.” The primary focus of this study is to understand the extent to which grammatical skills of bilinguals with risk for language and/or reading difficulties improve in the Language and Literacy Together intervention.

Method

Fifteen first-grade dual language learners with risk for language and/or reading difficulties participated in an enhanced version of Early Interventions in Reading in Spanish. Children completed pre- and postintervention evaluations in Spanish and English, including grammatical testing from the Bilingual English Spanish Oral Screener (Peña et al., 2008) and narrative evaluation Test of Narrative Language story prompts (Gillam & Pearson, 2004; Gillam et al., n.d.). Data from six comparison participants with typical language skills who completed pre- and posttesting demonstrate the stability of the measures.

Results

The intervention group made gains in English and Spanish as evidenced by significant increases in their cloze and sentence repetition accuracy on the Bilingual English Spanish Oral Screener Morphosyntax subtest. They increased productivity on their narratives in Spanish and English as indexed by mean length of utterance in words but did not make gains in their overall grammaticality.

Conclusions

Structured intervention that includes an emphasis on grammatical elements in the context of a broader intervention can lead to change in the production of morphosyntax evident in both elicited constructions and narrative productivity as measured by mean length of utterance in words. Additional work is needed to determine if and how cross-linguistic transfer might be achieved for these learners.
Forum on Morphosyntax Assessment and Intervention for Children
Authors: Owen Van Horne Amanda J.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This forum consists of articles that address the need for and approaches to assessment and treatment of morphology and syntax in children. Drawing on papers submitted by diverse laboratories working with multiple populations, this forum includes several articles describing different approaches to treatment, guidelines for goal setting, and assessment methods. Populations described include monolingual and bilingual children who speak English, Dutch, and Spanish, who use oral language and/or augmentative and alternative communication to communicate.

Conclusion

The current tools available to support traditional grammar therapy are changing and increasing. An emphasis on manualized treatments, treatments that include drill and explicit instruction, and assessment and treatment tools for a variety of populations across a wide age span are included here. Further work is needed to fully develop these promising tools and approaches for the most effective use.
Chemical evolution of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies in the self-consistently calculated integrated galactic IMF theory
Authors: Yan Zhiqiang , Jerabkova Tereza , Kroupa Pavel
Published: April 2020

The galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function (gwIMF) of a galaxy in dependence on its metallicity and star formation rate can be calculated by the integrated galactic IMF (IGIMF) theory. This theory has been applied in a study of the chemical evolution of the ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) satellite galaxies, but failed to reproduce the data. Here, we find that the IGIMF theory is naturally consistent with the data. We applied the time-evolving gwIMF, which was calculated at each time step. The number of type Ia supernova explosions that forms per unit stellar mass was renormalised according to the gwIMF. The chemical evolution of Boötes I, one of the best-observed UFD, was calculated. Our calculation suggests a mildly bottom-light and top-light gwIMF for Boötes I, and that this UFD has the same gas-consumption timescale as other dwarfs, but was quenched about 0.1 Gyr after formation. This is consistent with independent estimations, and it is similar to Dragonfly 44. The recovered best-fitting input parameters in this work are not covered in previous work, creating a discrepancy between our conclusions. In addition, a detailed discussion of the uncertainties is presented to address the dependence of the chemical evolution model results on the applied assumptions. This study demonstrates the power of the IGIMF theory in understanding star formation in extreme environments and shows that UDFs are a promising pathway to constrain the variation of the low-mass stellar IMF.
Young immersion learners’ language use outside the classroom in a minority language context
Authors: Ó Duibhir Pádraig , Ní Thuairisg Laoise
Published: April 2020

There has been a long history of early Irish language learning in Ireland as a result of Government policy to
promote greater use of Irish. All children learn Irish in school from age 4–18 years. The majority learn Irish as a subject,
typically for 30–40 minutes per day, and the levels of competence achieved are mostly disappointing. Approximately 6.7% of primary
school children learn Irish in an immersion context, however, and these children achieve a high standard of communicative
competence. In this paper we examine the impact of Government policy on the transfer of linguistic competence from the classroom
to wider society in the context of a minority language that is becoming increasingly marginalised. We draw on data from three
studies to explore the relationship between Irish-medium school attendance and the desire and opportunity to use Irish outside of
school while attending school, and later as an adult. The first study also investigated students’ attitudes towards learning and
using Irish. All three studies examined parents use of Irish in the home and the influence that the language spoken in their home
during childhood and the language of their schooling had on their current language practices. Overall, Irish-medium schools are
very successful in educating proficient speakers of Irish who have very positive attitudes towards Irish. These positive attitudes
and proficiency do not necessarily transfer to use of Irish in the home. While attendance at an Irish-medium school as a child has
a positive effect on later use of Irish, when former students become parents, the effect is quite small. The perennial challenge
persists in transferring competence in a minority language acquired in school to the home and community.
Ptolemy’s experiments on refraction in science class
Authors: Stefanidou C , Psoma V , Skordoulis C
Published: April 2020

In this paper, the inclusion of history and philosophy of science in science teaching is proposed with the goal of depicting pre-service primary teachers’ perception of the role of historical experiments in learning science and the nature of science. In order to achieve this, a teaching–learning sequence was designed and conducted in the context of an Introductory Physics Laboratory Course following the integrated approach to teaching the nature of science. Ptolemy’s experiments on refraction and the combination of his advanced and erroneous views contributed to pre-service primary teachers’ conceptualization of the empirical and tentative nature of science and the relationship between mathematics and science. The majority of the pre-service primary teachers perceived the history of science as important in understanding scientific concepts and aspects of the nature of science.