bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing reveals a novel signature based on NK cell marker genes to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in gastric cancer
Authors: Sun Jian-Rong , Kong Chen-Fan , Ye Yi-Xiang , Wang Qin , Qu Xiang-Ke , Jia Li-Qun , Wu Song
Published: April 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells play essential roles in the tumor development, diagnosis, and prognosis of tumors. In this study, we aimed to establish a reliable signature based on marker genes in NK cells, thus providing a new perspective for assessing immunotherapy and the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC). We analyzed a total of 1560 samples retrieved from the public database. We performed a comprehensive analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of gastric cancer and identified 377 marker genes for NK cells. By performing Cox regression analysis, we established a 12-gene NK cell-associated signature (NKCAS) for the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, that assigned GC patients into a low-risk group (LRG) or a high-risk group (HRG). In the TCGA cohort, the areas under curve (AUC) value were 0.73, 0.81, and 0.80 at 1, 3, and 5 years. External validation of the predictive ability for the signature was then validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts (GSE84437). The expression levels of signature genes were measured and validated in GC cell lines by real-time PCR. Moreover, NKCAS was identified as an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis. We combined this with a variety of clinicopathological characteristics (age, M stage, and tumor grade) to construct a nomogram to predict the survival outcomes of patients. Moreover, the LRG showed higher immune cell infiltration, especially CD8+ T cells and NK cells. The risk score was negatively associated with inflammatory activities. Importantly, analysis of the independent immunotherapy cohort showed that the LRG had a better prognosis and immunotherapy response when compared with the HRG. The identification of NK cell marker genes in this study suggests potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, the developed predictive signatures and nomograms may aid in the clinical management of GC.
Subjective effects of broadband water sounds with inaudible high-frequency components
Authors: Asakura Takumi
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of reproducing an ultrasonic sound above 20 kHz on the subjective impressions of water sounds using psychological and physiological information obtained by the semantic differential method and electroencephalography (EEG), respectively. The results indicated that the ultrasonic component affected the subjective impression of the water sounds. In addition, regarding the relationship between psychological and physiological aspects, a moderate correlation was confirmed between the EEG change rate and subjective impressions. However, no differences in characteristics were found between with and without the ultrasound component, suggesting that ultrasound does not directly affect the relationship between subjective impressions and EEG energy at the current stage. Furthermore, the correlations calculated for the left and right channels in the occipital region differed significantly, which suggests functional asymmetry for sound perception between the right and left hemispheres.
Significance of dietary quinoa husk (Chenopodium quinoa) in gene regulation for stress mitigation in fish
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Thorat Supriya Tukaram , Pradhan Aliza , Rane Jagadish , Reddy Kotha Sammi
Published: April 2024

The persistent challenges posed by pollution and climate change are significant factors disrupting ecosystems, particularly aquatic environments. Numerous contaminants found in aquatic systems, such as ammonia and metal toxicity, play a crucial role in adversely affecting aquaculture production. Against this backdrop, fish feed was developed using quinoa husk (the byproduct of quinoa) as a substitute for fish meal. Six isonitrogenous diets (30%) and isocaloric diets were formulated by replacing fish meal with quinoa husk at varying percentages: 0% quinoa (control), 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35%. An experiment was conducted to explore the potential of quinoa husk in replacing fish meal and assess its ability to mitigate ammonia and arsenic toxicity as well as high-temperature stress in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The formulated feed was also examined for gene regulation related to antioxidative status, immunity, stress proteins, growth regulation, and stress markers. The gene regulation of sod, cat, and gpx in the liver was notably upregulated under concurrent exposure to ammonia, arsenic, and high-temperature (NH3 + As + T) stress. However, quinoa husk at 25% downregulated sod, cat, and gpx expression compared to the control group. Furthermore, genes associated with stress proteins HSP70 and DNA damage-inducible protein (DDIP) were significantly upregulated in response to stressors (NH3 + As + T), but quinoa husk at 25% considerably downregulated HSP70 and DDIP to mitigate the impact of stressors. Growth-responsive genes such as myostatin (MYST) and somatostatin (SMT) were remarkably downregulated, whereas growth hormone receptor (GHR1 and GHRβ), insulin-like growth factors (IGF1X, IGF2X), and growth hormone gene were significantly upregulated with quinoa husk at 25%. The gene expression of apoptosis (Caspase 3a and Caspase 3b) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also noticeably downregulated with quinoa husk (25%) reared under stressful conditions. Immune-related gene expression, including immunoglobulin (Ig), toll-like receptor (TLR), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), and interleukin (IL), strengthened fish immunity with quinoa husk feed. The results revealed that replacing 25% of fish meal with quinoa husk could improve the gene regulation of P. hypophthalmus involved in mitigating ammonia, arsenic, and high-temperature stress in fish.
Myocardial scar and left ventricular ejection fraction classification for electrocardiography image using multi-task deep learning
Authors: Boribalburephan Atirut , Treewaree Sukrit , Tantisiriwat Noppawat , Yindeengam Ahthit , Achakulvisut Titipat , Krittayaphong Rungroj
Published: March 2024

Myocardial scar (MS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are vital cardiovascular parameters, conventionally determined using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). However, given the high cost and limited availability of CMR in resource-constrained settings, electrocardiograms (ECGs) are a cost-effective alternative. We developed computer vision-based multi-task deep learning models to analyze 12-lead ECG 2D images, predicting MS and LVEF < 50%. Our dataset comprises 14,052 ECGs with clinical features, utilizing ground truth labels from CMR. Our top-performing model achieved AUC values of 0.838 (95% CI 0.812–0.862) for MS and 0.939 (95% CI 0.921–0.954) for LVEF < 50% classification, outperforming cardiologists. Moreover, MS predictions in a prevalence-specific test dataset recorded an AUC of 0.812 (95% CI 0.810–0.814). Extracted 1D signals from ECG images yielded inferior performance, compared to the 2D approach. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the potential of computer-based MS and LVEF < 50% classification from ECG scan images in clinical screening offering a cost-effective alternative to CMR.
Complete organelle genomes of Korean fir, Abies koreana and phylogenomics of the gymnosperm genus Abies using nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA sequence data
Authors: Park Seongjun , Kwak Myounghai , Park SeonJoo
Published: April 2024

Abies koreana E.H.Wilson is an endangered evergreen coniferous tree that is native to high altitudes in South Korea and susceptible to the effects of climate change. Hybridization and reticulate evolution have been reported in the genus; therefore, multigene datasets from nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes are needed to better understand its evolutionary history. Using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) PromethION platforms, we generated complete mitochondrial (1,174,803 bp) and plastid (121,341 bp) genomes from A. koreana. The mitochondrial genome is highly dynamic, transitioning from cis- to trans-splicing and breaking conserved gene clusters. In the plastome, the ONT reads revealed two structural conformations of A. koreana. The short inverted repeats (1186 bp) of the A. koreana plastome are associated with different structural types. Transcriptomic sequencing revealed 1356 sites of C-to-U RNA editing in the 41 mitochondrial genes. Using A. koreana as a reference, we additionally produced nuclear and organelle genomic sequences from eight Abies species and generated multiple datasets for maximum likelihood and network analyses. Three sections (Balsamea, Momi, and Pseudopicea) were well grouped in the nuclear phylogeny, but the phylogenomic relationships showed conflicting signals in the mitochondrial and plastid genomes, indicating a complicated evolutionary history that may have included introgressive hybridization. The obtained data illustrate that phylogenomic analyses based on sequences from differently inherited organelle genomes have resulted in conflicting trees. Organelle capture, organelle genome recombination, and incomplete lineage sorting in an ancestral heteroplasmic individual can contribute to phylogenomic discordance. We provide strong support for the relationships within Abies and new insights into the phylogenomic complexity of this genus.
Optimal configuration method of demand-side flexible resources for enhancing renewable energy integration
Authors: Fu Yu , Bai Hao , Cai Yongxiang , Yang Weichen , Li Yue
Published: April 2024

Demand-side flexible load resources, such as Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Air Conditioners (ACs), offer significant potential for enhancing flexibility in the power system, thereby promoting the full integration of renewable energy. To this end, this paper proposes an optimal allocation method for demand-side flexible resources to enhance renewable energy consumption. Firstly, the adjustable flexibility of these resources is modeled based on the generalized energy storage model. Secondly, we generate random scenarios for wind, solar, and load, considering variable correlations based on non-parametric probability predictions of random variables combined with Copula function sampling. Next, we establish the optimal allocation model for demand-side flexible resources, considering the simulated operation of these random scenarios. Finally, we optimize the demand-side resource transformation plan year by year based on the growth trend forecast results of renewable energy installed capacity in Jiangsu Province from 2025 to 2031.
Prestalk-like positioning of de-differentiated cells in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Shirokawa Yuka , Shimada Masakazu , Shimada Nao , Sawai Satoshi
Published: April 2024

The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum switches between solitary growth and social fruitification depending on nutrient availability. Under starvation, cells aggregate and form fruiting bodies consisting of spores and altruistic stalk cells. Once cells socially committed, they complete fruitification, even if a new source of nutrients becomes available. This social commitment is puzzling because it hinders individual cells from resuming solitary growth quickly. One idea posits that traits that facilitate premature de-commitment are hindered from being selected. We studied outcomes of the premature de-commitment through forced refeeding. Our results show that when refed cells interacted with non-refed cells, some of them became solitary, whereas a fraction was redirected to the altruistic stalk, regardless of their original fate. The refed cells exhibited reduced cohesiveness and were sorted out during morphogenesis. Our findings provide an insight into a division of labor of the social amoeba, in which less cohesive individuals become altruists.
Insights from bioinformatics analysis reveal that lipopolysaccharide induces activation of chemokine-related signaling pathways in human nasal epithelial cells
Authors: Tan Shaolin , Gu Yuelong , Zhu Ying , Luo Chunyu , Li Zhipeng , Lin Hai , Zhang Weitian
Published: April 2024

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to elicit a robust immune response. This study aimed to investigate the impact of LPS on the transcriptome of human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpC). HNEpC were cultured and stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) or an equivalent amount of normal culture medium. Subsequently, total RNA was extracted, purified, and sequenced using next-generation RNA sequencing technology. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and subjected to functional enrichment analysis. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed, followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify molecular pathways influenced by LPS exposure on HNEpC. Validation of key genes was performed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 97 DEGs, comprising 48 up-regulated genes and 49 down-regulated genes, were identified. Results from functional enrichment analysis, PPI, and IPA indicated that DEGs were predominantly enriched in chemokine-related signaling pathways. Subsequent qRT-PCR validation demonstrated significant upregulation of key genes in these pathways in LPS-treated HNEpC compared to control cells. In conclusion, LPS intervention profoundly altered the transcriptome of HNEpC, potentially exacerbating inflammatory responses through the activation of chemokine-related signaling pathways.
Efficacy of second-line chemotherapy in patients with pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Iida Yuko , Wakuda Kazushige , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Doshita Kosei , Kodama Hiroaki , Nishioka Naoya , Miyawaki Eriko , Miyawaki Taichi , Mamesaya Nobuaki , Kobayashi Haruki , Omori Shota , Ko Ryo , Ono Akira , Naito Tateaki , Murakami Haruyasu , Sugino Takashi , Gon Yasuhiro , Takahashi Toshiaki
Published: April 2024

The efficacy of second-line chemotherapy in patients with pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of second-line chemotherapy in patients with pulmonary LCNEC. We retrospectively reviewed patients with pulmonary LCNEC or possible LCNEC (pLCNEC) who received platinum-based chemotherapy as the first-line treatment. Among these patients, we evaluated the efficacy of second-line treatment by comparing patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC group). Of the 61 patients with LCNEC or pLCNEC (LCNEC group) who received first-line chemotherapy, 39 patients were treated with second-line chemotherapy. Among the 39 patients, 61.5% received amrubicin monotherapy. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the LCNEC groups were 3.3 and 8.3 months, respectively. No significant differences in the PFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.924, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.647–1.320; P = 0.664) and OS (HR: 0.926; 95% CI 0.648–1.321; P = 0.670) were observed between the LCNEC and SCLC groups. In patients treated with amrubicin, the PFS (P = 0.964) and OS (P = 0.544) were not different between both the groups. Second-line chemotherapy, including amrubicin, may be considered as a treatment option for patients with pulmonary LCNEC.
Double-gate structure enabling remote Coulomb scattering-free transport in atomic-layer-deposited IGO thin-film transistors with HfO2 gate dielectric through insertion of SiO2 interlayer
Authors: Choi Cheol Hee , Kim Taikyu , Kim Min Jae , Kim Gwang-Bok , Oh Jeong Eun , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: April 2024

In this paper, high-performance indium gallium oxide (IGO) thin-film transistor (TFT) with a double-gate (DG) structure was developed using an atomic layer deposition route. The device consisting of 10-nm-thick IGO channel and 2/48-nm-thick SiO2/HfO2 dielectric was designed to be suitable for a display backplane in augmented and virtual reality applications. The fabricated DG TFTs exhibit outstanding device performances with field-effect mobility (μFE) of 65.1 ± 2.3 cm2V−1 s−1, subthreshold swing of 65 ± 1 mVdec−1, and threshold voltage (VTH) of 0.42 ± 0.05 V. Both the (μFE) and SS are considerably improved by more than two-fold in the DG IGO TFTs compared to single-gate (SG) IGO TFTs. Important finding was that the DG mode of IGO TFTs exhibits the nearly temperature independent μFE variations in contrast to the SG mode which suffers from the severe remote Coulomb scattering. The rationale for this disparity is discussed in detail based on the potential distribution along the vertical direction using technology computer-aided design simulation. Furthermore, the DG IGO TFTs exhibit a greatly improved reliability with negligible VTH shift of − 0.22 V under a harsh negative bias thermal and illumination stress condition with an electric field of − 2 MVcm−1 and blue light illumination at 80 °C for 3600 s. It could be attributed to the increased electrostatic potential that results in fast re-trapping of the electrons generated by the light-induced ionization of deep level oxygen vacancy defects.
Investigating the causal associations between metabolic biomarkers and the risk of kidney cancer
Authors: Lin Lede , Tang Yaxiong , Ning Kang , Li Xiang , Hu Xu
Published: April 2024

Metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in kidney cancer. We aim to investigate the causal effect of 249 metabolic biomarkers on kidney cancer from population-based data. This study extracts data from previous genome wide association studies with large sample size. The primary endpoint is random-effect inverse variance weighted (IVW). After completing 249 times of two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, those significant metabolites are included for further sensitivity analysis. According to a strict Bonferrion-corrected level (P < 2e-04), we only find two metabolites that are causally associated with renal cancer. They are lactate (OR:3.25, 95% CI: 1.84-5.76, P = 5.08e-05) and phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large LDL (low density lipoprotein) (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50-0.80, P = 1.39e-04). The results are stable through all the sensitivity analysis. The results emphasize the central role of lactate in kidney tumorigenesis and provide novel insights into possible mechanism how phospholipids could affect kidney tumorigenesis.
Urban form and structure explain variability in spatial inequality of property flood risk among US counties
Authors: Ma Junwei , Mostafavi Ali
Published: April 2024

Understanding the relationship between urban form and structure and spatial inequality of property flood risk has been a longstanding challenge in urban planning and emergency management. Here we explore eight urban form and structure features to explain variability in spatial inequality of property flood risk among 2567 US counties. Using datasets related to human mobility and facility distribution, we identify notable variation in spatial inequality of property flood risk, particularly in coastline and metropolitan counties. The results reveal variations in spatial inequality of property flood risk can be explained based on principal components of development density, economic activity, and centrality and segregation. The classification and regression tree model further demonstrates how these principal components interact and form pathways that explain spatial inequality of property flood risk. The findings underscore the critical role of urban planning in mitigating flood risk inequality, offering valuable insights for crafting integrated strategies as urbanization progresses.
Irrigation-driven groundwater depletion in the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin decreases the streamflow in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Maina Fadji Z. , Getirana Augusto , Kumar Sujay V. , Saharia Manabendra , Biswas Nishan Kumar , McLarty Sasha , Appana Ravi
Published: April 2024

Ganges and Brahmaputra, two of Asia’s most prominent rivers, have a crucial role in Southeast Asia’s geopolitics and economy and are home to one of the world’s biggest marine ecosystems. Irrigation-driven groundwater depletion and climate change affect the Ganges-Brahmaputra’s hydrology, threatening the stability of the Bay of Bengal. Here, we quantify, using results from a land reanalysis, the impacts of a changing climate and intensive irrigation on the surface water flowing into the Bay of Bengal. The effects of such activities mostly occurring in the Ganges basin, either intensified or lessened depending on the area by the climatic conditions, decrease freshwater flow into the bay by up to 1200 m3/s/year. While the increase in precipitation in the Ganges basin reduces the effects of groundwater depletion on the streamflow, the decrease in precipitation and the snowmelt decline in the Brahmaputra basin exacerbate streamflow reduction due to groundwater depletion at the delta.
Mg–Al LDH nanosheets as a nanotechnological tool in agriculture: an exploratory toxicity evaluation study
Authors: Salinas-Jiménez Rafael , Vera Gloria , Tobar Mariola , Moscote Jeimy , Acha Giovana , Herrera-Vásquez Ariel , Rojas-Rivera Diego , Vidal Elena A. , Almeida Andrea Miyasaka , Ahumada Manuel
Published: April 2024

The possible toxicity effect of Mg–Al LDH nanosheets was evaluated on some agricultural target organisms. Overall, nanoparticle innocuity was observed at the tested concentrations, showing a low risk of toxicity for its agricultural implementation.
Defect energetics in an high-entropy alloy fcc CoCrFeMnNi
Authors: Gao Chan , Wang Shuyu , Liu Xiao , Singh Chandra Veer
Published: April 2024

Defect formation energy is strongly dependent on the local atomic environment and weakly dependent on the chemical composition in fcc CoCrFeMnNi HEA.
Cell membrane coated nanoparticles: cutting-edge drug delivery systems for osteoporosis therapy
Authors: Liao Jiewen , Lu Li , Chu Xiangyu , Xiong Yuan , Zhou Wu , Cao Faqi , Cheng Peng , Shahbazi Mohammad-Ali , Liu Guohui , Mi Bobin
Published: April 2024

The review delves into exploring diverse cellular sources for coating nanoparticles to treat osteoporosis. Furthermore, it highlights the pivotal role of these nanoparticles in restoring the immune microenvironment, offering promising avenues for combating osteoporosis.
Unlocking Lewis acidity via the redox non-innocence of a phenothiazine-substituted borane
Authors: Cosby Taylor P. L. , Bhattacharjee Avik , Henneberry Samantha K. , LeBlanc Jesse , Caputo Christopher B.
Published: April 2024

A bench-top stable borane with an appended redox-active phenothiazine motif can be oxidized by a single-electron oxidant to “unlock” a potent radical cationic Lewis acid catalyst for dimerization and hydrosilylation reactions.
Crystal structure and properties of perovskite-type rubidium niobate, a high-pressure phase of RbNbO3
Authors: Yamamoto Ayako , Murase Kimitoshi , Sato Takeru , Sugiyama Kazumasa , Kawamata Toru , Inaguma Yoshiyuki , Yamaura Jun-ichi , Shitara Kazuki , Yokoi Rie , Moriwake Hiroki
Published: April 2024

Towards new ferroelectrics design, we investigated crystal structure and properties of perovskite-RbNbO3 prepared at 4 GPa. Single-crystal XRD analysis revealed RbNbO3 exhibits the same non-centrosymmetric SG(Amm2) as ferroelectrics BaTiO3 and KNbO3.
Spin crossover in {Fe(pyrazine)[M(CN)4]} (M = Ni, Pt) thin films assembled on fused silica substrates
Authors: Lai Fayan , Molnár Gábor , Cobo Saioa , Bousseksou Azzedine
Published: April 2024

Thin films of the spin crossover compound {Fe(pyrazine)[μ4-M(CN)4]} (M = Ni, Pt) have been deposited on transparent fused silica substrates using a sequential assembly method with a scope for photonic and (opto)electronic applications.
Annulations involving p-benzoquinones: stereoselective synthesis of fused, spiro and bridged molecules
Authors: Das Suven
Published: April 2024

The present review summarizes the recent advances (2018–2023) in stereoselective annulation involving p-benzoquinones for the construction of fused, spiro and bridged/cage frameworks.
Multiple-polarization-sensitive photodetector Based on a plasmonic metasurface
Authors: Bai Qinghu , Huang Xin , Du Shuo , Guo Yang , Li Chensheng , Li Wei , Li Junjie , Gu Changzhi
Published: April 2024

By combining monolayer MoSe2 with plasmonic nanostructure, the photodetector demonstrates a high photocurrent circular dichroism (CD) of 0.35 at 810 nm and a linear polarization (LP) of 0.4 at 633 nm.
A ground fault location algorithm in double‐circuit transmission lines with T‐off connection to an industrial microgrid by using current and voltage phasors information of a single terminal
Authors: Abasi Mahyar , Sadeghian Omid
Published: March 2024

The paper presents a ground fault location algorithm (GFLA) in double‐circuit transmission lines (DCTL) with a T‐off connection to an industrial microgrid (IMG) containing electric arc furnaces (EAF), renewable distributed generations (RDG), and static VAR compensator (SVC). The design presented utilizes the information on the current and voltage phasors of one side of the transmission lines (TL) during the fault period, and there is no need for the availability of information on the type of faulty phase(s) and even the faulty section. To find the exact location of the fault in this design, the voltage phasor equations governing the fault point in positive, negative, and zero‐sequence (PNZS) domains, the zero‐sequence current (ZSC) equation of the fault point, and the boundary condition equation of the fault point have been used. The simulation system is implemented in Simulink/MATLAB using accurate modelling of all network components. The algorithm has been tested and evaluated in different fault conditions, including various locations, phase types, phase‐to‐ground connection resistance, occurrence time, and microgrid (MG) operation modes. The successful results of various tests of the proposed design as well as the analysis of various sensitivities confirm the satisfying performance of the suggested algorithm.
Conservation efforts for Geronggang Trees (Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl.) Blume) as a function of peatland restoration and protection in Bengkalis Regency
Authors: Imran  , Zulkarnain  , Ananda Fajriani , Yustikasari
Published: April 2024

Bengkalis is the region that has the largest peatland in Riau Province. However, 57 percent of the peatland conditions in Bengkalis have been degraded due to careless land clearing for plantation land, resulting in land drying, surface subsidence, and flammability. Efforts to restore peatlands in Bengkalis are being carried out by utilizing local plants whose presence is increasingly depleting, namely Geronggang tree (Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl.) Blume). This research provides information regarding the conservation efforts of Geronggang trees by the Bengkalis local community in supporting peatland restoration by making observations and collecting secondary data. Observation results show that Geronggang tree has ecological, social, and economic benefits for the local Bengkalis community. Bengkalis people have their way of cultivating Geronggang trees; Geronggang seeds are planted using a mixed planting system, and Geronggang harvesting is carried out using thinning cutting, alley cutting (lane), and embroidery cutting systems. This stage is carried out to maintain the humidity of the peat land in each passage and to maintain the continuity of peat growth. Thus, conservation carried out by the Bengkalis local community must be able to keep the ecological and environmental functions of degraded peat areas. The research concludes that the Geronggang tree is a habitat and plant that grows and lives on peatlands in the Bengkalis area.
Technological innovation based on biomass waste with controlled features for cassava drying agrotechnology
Authors: Muhammad Juandi , Risanto Joko , Gimin
Published: April 2024

Indonesia is the largest cassava producer in the world. In 2020, cassava production will be 18.3 million tons. The aim of this research is to find an innovation in the field of cassava processing using environmentally friendly biomass energy. The method used is to design an innovative biomass energy-based cassava drying technology tool using a controlled system. The tool is tested in the laboratory using experimental methods to produce a prototype. tools that can be directly applied in the field. The results of the research showed that the time used during the drying process with variations in the coconut shell mass of 400 grams for 136 minutes, then continued with a mass of 600 grams for 109 minutes had succeeded in obtaining dry cassava products, with an average temperature during drying. room 40 to 60 °C with minimum humidity ranging from 24 to 49 percent. All observation data can be displayed on an LCD screen or computer with controlled features. Conclusion: In the end, this research has applications in the cassava processing industry in every region, both in Indonesia and in any region, offering an innovative approach to biomass energy-based cassava processing technology with controlled features.
Characteristics of margarine based on VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) with the addition of white guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Dewi M.S.T. , Husnun F. , Karyantina M. , Widanti Y.A.
Published: April 2024

Margarine is a water-in-oil emulsion that has stability increases with the addition of an emulsifier. In this research, the margarine was made differently from commercial margarine because of the raw materials using VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) and white guava leaf extract contains high antioxidant content. This research aimed to determined the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of VCO margarine with the addition of white guava leaf extract used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factorials, the ratio of CBS fat and VCO oil (60:40, 50:50, 40:60 g) and the concentration of white guava leaf extract (20%, 40%, 60%) with tworepetitions. The combination of 60% CBS Fat: 40% VCO oil with the addition of 60% white guava leaf extract is the best formula containing a high antioxidant activity. The result of this combination obtained moisture content of 9.91%, fat content of 87.64%, acid number of 2.18 mgKOH/g, free fatty acids of 0.18%, emulsion stability of 91.62%, and antioxidant activity of 88.70%. In the organoleptic test, the color of VCO margarine was 3.04; the taste of margarine was 3.20 (slightly different from the control), the texture (greasing power) of margarine 2.07 (almost as same as the control), the aroma of margarine 3.73 (slightly different from control), and overall preference of margarine 3.67 (rather like). The results of this research indicated that VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) margarine with the addition of white guava leaf extract affects the overall chemical and organoleptic tests.
Effect of hydrothermal treatment on physicochemical of arenga starch
Authors: Rahmayuni  , Efendi Raswen , Zalfiatri Yelmira , Dwianda Najla Rizqa , Kurniawan Ilham
Published: April 2024

Native arenga starch has several disadvantages such as easy retrogradation and syneresis and tends to be unstable to acid and heat conditions. Physical modification was carried out on arenga starch which has limitations in the application of food products. Hydrothermal treatment is a physical starch modification technique by combining moisture and heat. This study aimed to modified arenga starch with Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) and Autoclaving-Cooling (AC) treatment and investigate the properties of modified arenga starch. This study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatments in this study were native arenga starch (control), HMT heating time (3, 4, and 5 hours) and AC cycle (1, 2, and 3 cycles). The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) at the 5% level. The result shows that hydrothermal modification of starch can improve the physicochemical properties of arenga starch. Modification arenga starch by HMT and AC resulted moisture content ranging from 6.76%-10.24%; amylose content 41.55%-55.79%; amylopectin content 44.86%-58.45%; can increase the value of water holding capacity and oil holding capacity and decrease the swelling power and solubility values. The decrease in peak gelatinization of HMT and AC modified starch which was also followed by a decrease in breakdown showed that the modification was able to increase the stability of starch paste during heating, pressure, and freezing.
Application of water soluble chitosan for vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) preservation at chilling temperature
Authors: Harahap Serarifi Elagin , Kusdarwati Rahayu , Agustono
Published: April 2024

Active biomolecules such as chitosan and its derivatives have a role in food products preservation due to its antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study is to determine the ability of water soluble chitosan to extend shelf life of peeled and deveined shrimp stored at the chilling temperature. This study used completely randomized design using three treatments (control, 2% chitosan solution, and 2% water soluble chitosan solution) with six replications. Samples were tested for aerobic plate count, pH, total volatile base nitrogen, and sensory (appearance, odor, and texture). Experiments on water soluble chitosan indicated number of microbes was still within the safe limit until the 6th day. This could be identified from the number of microbes which still could be accepted by consumers (< 5 x 104 colonies/gram) at the 6th day, while in the control treatment the microbial amount within the safe limit until the 3rd day. Total Volatile Base Nitrogen of water soluble chitosan treatment was 3.69 mgN/100 grams. The pH value of shrimp treated with water soluble chitosan was 6.8, while in the organoleptic test, water soluble chitosan treatment had significant difference from control (P <0.05). This research conclude that water soluble chitosan have properties that can preserve food products specially vanamei shrimp.
Study of HACCP (Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Point) identification in anchovy sago noodles processing
Authors: Surahman Diki Nanang , Cahyadi Wisnu , Alifia Maisa Hamdu Nurani , Litaay Christina , Astro Hendarwin M. , Rahman Taufik
Published: April 2024

Noodles are a practical food product that the people of Indonesia love. Many efforts to diversify noodle products by substituting non-gluten ingredients such as sago. The pilot plant of the Research Center for Appropriate Technology, Subang is one of the models for processing sago flour into dry noodle products fortified with anchovy flour. In its operation, it is necessary to apply the HACCP system. The HACCP identification study was conducted using the HACCP Plan Preparation Guide, with its preparation following the principles of the HACCP system recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and Indonesian National Standards. The results of the study showed that the process stages set as CCP in the manufacture of anchovy flour is drying. In addition, the process stages set as CCP in making anchovy sago noodles is tempering. All of these CCPs must receive optimal supervision including adequate temperature and drying time of fish and environmental humidity.
Antioxidant activity, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) production, and potential for colonization of Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 encapsulated with cellulose microfiber hydrogel from oil palm solid waste during storage
Authors: Pato Usman , Riftyan Emma , Yusmarini  , Agrina
Published: April 2024

Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 is a probiotic bacterium that improves intestinal and immune systems, positively impacting human health. It produces various bioactive compounds, including bacteriocin, antioxidant enzymes, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and colonizes the human gastrointestinal system. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity (IC50), GABA production, and colonization potential of L. fermentum InaCC B1295 with encapsulation by cellulose microfiber from oil palm solid waste (trunk, frond, leaf, and empty bunches) at room and refrigeration temperature with storage time 0, 14, and 28 days. The strain InaCC B1295 showed a high activity to scavenging ability against DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) for the treatment with encapsulation with oil palm empty bunches at refrigeration temperature after storage 14 days, which reached 88.56 ppm. Furthermore, L. fermentum InaCC B1295 produced GABA ranging from 0.435 mg/L to 2.215 mg/L. Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1295 encapsulated with oil palm leaf produced the most GABA at 0-day storage with a concentration of 2.215 mg/L and decreased during storage for all treatments. L. fermentum InaCC B1295 cells encapsulated in CMF hydrogel from empty oil palm fruit bunches had a lower autoaggregation value than free cells. The cells encapsulated with CMF hydrogel from oil palm empty bunches, on the other hand, had higher coaggregation and hydrophilicity values than the free cells (unencapsulated cells).
Estimation of shelf life for Ready-To-Eat sardines (RTE) using the Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) method
Authors: Nopiani Yanti , Hasnah Nur , Dameswary Amarilia Harsanti , Yunita Imelda
Published: April 2024

Ready-to-eat sardines (RTE) are ready-to-eat foods designed to satisfy the needs of people who don’t have time to cook. In order to maintain the quality of RTE products and have a longer shelf life, efforts should be made to maintain the quality of RTE products, one of which is the use of cold storage methods and packaging. The purpose of this study was to estimate the shelf life of RTE sardines using the accelerated method combined with the Arrhenius method. This study employs a completely randomised Design with two factors: packaging type (vacuum and non-vacuum packaging) and storage temperature (cold storage and freezing temperature). The parameters tested in this research include TPC (total plate count), organoleptic properties, fat content, and protein content. The estimated shelf life of ready-to-eat sardines (RTE) in this study shows that RTE fish has a shelf life of up to 558.96 days if stored at a freezing temperature and vacuum packed, and 313.29 days if stored at a refrigerated temperature and vacuum packed. While ready-to-eat sardines (RTE) have a shelf life if stored using pouch packaging of 514.83 days at freezing and 2945.13 days at refrigerated temperatures with the Arrhenius equation obtained, namely ln k = (13.436 – 3034.6) (1/T).
Characteristics of mosquito-repellent lotion made from pineapple peel waste
Authors: Dewi Yossie Kharisma , Johan Vonny Setiaries , Hasnah Nur , Nopiani Yanti , Utami Rizka , Yunita Nourma
Published: April 2024

Pineapple peel can be used as a natural ingredient in making mosquito-repellent lotion because it contains many secondary metabolite compounds, including saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and essential oils. The research aims to obtain the right concentration of pineapple peel extract on the characteristics of the mosquito-repellent lotion produced. The method used was an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five treatments (2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6% pineapple peel extract) with three replications to obtain 15 experimental units. The selected treatment was LN2 (lotion with a 3% concentration of pineapple peel extract), providing homogeneous physical characteristics of the lotion preparation, a pH value of 7.93, a spread ability value of 5.50 cm, a viscosity value of 3829.51 cP, and mosquito protection power 80.16%. The descriptive organoleptic assessment showed that the color of the lotion was yellowish brown, slightly scented with citronella, and slightly sticky in texture, and the panelists liked the hedonic evaluation of color and texture. The panelists little appreciated the hedonic aroma.
Fortification of moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) and seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) on the quality of Mocafsorgum dried noodles
Authors: Saloko Satrijo , Paramartha Dewa Nyoman Adi , Sukmawati Maulinda
Published: April 2024

Mocaf-sorghum noodles have low nutritional content so it is necessary to add food ingredients to produce noodles with high nutritional value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the various concentration of moringa flour and seaweed flour on the nutritional value of mocaf-sorghum dried noodles. This research was designed by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor, namely the concentration of moringa flour and seaweed flour consisting of 6 treatments with 3 replications.. The treatment factors include the concentration of mocaf:sorghum : moringa leaf flour: E.cottoniii flour, namely P1 (60% : 25% : 0% : 15%); P2 (60% : 25% : 3% : 12%); P3 (60% : 25%: 6%: 9%); P4 (60% : 25% : 9%: 6%); P5 (60% : 25% : 12% : 3%); P6 (60% : 25% : 15% : 0%). The parameters observed in this study were moisture content, ash, protein, crude fiber, antioxidant activity, iodine, elongation, cooking loss, cooking time, color, and organoleptic (texture, aroma, and taste). The concentration of moringa flour and seaweed flour gave significantly different effects on moisture content, ash, protein, crude fiber, antioxidant activity, iodine, elongation, cooking loss, cooking time, color, and hedonic organoleptic and scoring. The best treatment was P3 with a moisture content of 7.73%; ash 1.49%; protein 10.36%; crude fiber 29.08%; antioxidant 94.63%; iodine 2.82 ppm; elongation 2.35%; cooking loss 11.66%; cooking time 8.88 minutes; L* before cooking 40.85 and after cooking 45.50 and oHue before cooking 138.52 and after cooking 105.46.
Effect of adding bacteriocin from Lactobacillus pentosus strain MIL 195 on the quality of chicken sausage as an alternative natural preservative
Authors: Efendi Raswen , Restuhadi Fajar , Hasibuan Ahmad Ibrahim Roni Surya , Lestari Masniar Indah , Rossi Evy
Published: April 2024

One of the preservatives often used in processed meat, such as sausages, is nitrite; however, bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) offer a natural concentration of bacteriocin from Lactobacillus pentosus st MIL 195 to use as a natural preservative for chicken sausages. A completely randomized design was employed with five bacteriocin concentrations (0.0%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% v/w) and three replications. Parameters analyzed included water content, ash, fat, protein, total LAB count, and sensory characteristics. The results indicated that 0.4% bacteriocin provided the most effective preservation. After nine days, these sausages met SNI-01-3820-2015 quality standards, exhibiting 57.52% water content, 2.54% ash, 15.40% protein, 5.55% fat, and a total microbial count of 5.23 log cfu.g-1. Sensory analysis revealed a grayish-white color, a slightly chicken aroma, a slightly meaty taste, and a chewy texture. Importantly, consumer preference was highest for sausages treated with 0.4% bacteriocin. Bacteriocins can inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria; therefore, the effect can extend the shelf life of food goods and improve food security.
Estimation of aboveground carbon stock in PT KOJO’s forest in Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Pebriandi Pebriandi , Yoza Defri , Sukmantoro Wishnu , Darlis Viny Volcherina , Qomar Nurul , Mardhiansyah Muhammad , Oktorini Yosi , Sribudiani Evi , Somadona Sonia , Muslih Ali M.
Published: April 2024

The government of Indonesia is committed to reducing carbon emissions through the Forestry and Other Land Uses (FOLU) Net Sink scheme, e.g., by measuring and calculating potential aboveground carbon in PT KOJO’s forest. This research aims to measure biomass and aboveground biomass in PT KOJO’s forest, Pinggir District, Bengkalis. Non-destructive sampling was applied by making plots of 20 m × 20 m (trees), 10 m × 10 m (poles), and 5 m × 5 m (saplings). Destructive sampling was carried out in a plot of 1 m × 1 m for seedlings and understory plants. Results showed that potential carbon stock at tree, pole, sapling, seedling, understory plant, litter, and necromass levels were 160.62 tC/ha, 34.60 tC/ha, 20.88 tons/ha, 1.54 tC/ha, 11.59 tC/ha, and 1.47 tC/Ha, respectively. The total carbon stock in PT KOJO’s forest was 160.69 tC/ha. Carbon stock in PT KOJO’s forest is classified as medium, therefore efforts are needed to increase carbon stocks and efforts to protect PT KOJO’s forest area so that stored carbon is not released into the air.
Elimination of mosaic disease caused by potyvirus and fabavirus on patchouli using synthetic antiviral
Authors: Sukamto  , Rahardjo Indijarto Budi , Budiarto Kurniawan , Djiwanti Styowati Retno , Noveriza Rita , Hadipoentyanti Endang
Published: April 2024

Patchouli growers in Indonesia were constrained by detrimentally systemic diseases caused by viruses. Potyvirus and Fabavirus were pathogenic viruses that commonly found in several production centers. Virus elimination for retaining healthy protocols was investigated and one of the promising methods through mersitem culture and antiviral treatments. The research was conducted to find out the effects of ribavirin treatments following meristem culture on the existence of Potyvirus and Fabavirus on the infected patchouli plants. The research was conducted at The Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Research Institute from September 2018 to August 2019. A factorial experiment with 10 replications established to facilitate the combination of two factors. The first factor was two commercial patchouli cultivars, namely Patchoulina 1 and Patchoulina 2. While the second factor dealt with the concentration of ribavirin i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm. The results showed that the potyvirus was still detected based on ELISA analysis after the treatments of meristem culture and ribavirin in any concentrations. However, the application ribavirin at 20 ppm following meristem culture effectively eliminated fabavirus form both the tested patchouli cultivars. These partial virus elimination within the plantlet gave significant growth improvement on plantlet height, number of leaves and number of auxiliary shoots after 8 weeks subculture.
Peat depth mapping using grid interpolation from terrestrial peat drilling points data: A case study in Zamrud National Park
Authors: Nasrul Besri , Nurhidayati  , Pratama Muhamad Teguh , Hamzah Anthony , Saputra Rachmad , Idwar  , Rifardi
Published: April 2024

Zamrud National Park is the peak of the peat dome in the Kampar Peninsula. Peat depth data is needed as a baseline to maintain the balance of the water reservoir and carbon stock. Currently, available peat depth data is predictive photogrammetric data. Soil survey activities need to be carried out to provide accurate and up-to-date data. This research aims to map the peat depth using the best grid interpolation technique. Peat depth measurements were carried out terrestrially, while peat depth mapping used inverse distance weighted, kriging, and spline interpolation techniques. Drilling observation points are arranged based on a system of longitudinal transects and transverse transects in a northeast-southwest direction. The distance between longitudinal transects is 500 m and between transects is 1,000 m. The results showed that the Zamrud National Park area has diverse peat depths ranging from 5.3 to 16.7 m. The Kriging interpolation technique gives the best mapping accuracy results. The standard deviation value is 1.9 is smaller, the accuracy value is 98.82% higher, and the thickness of the dominating peat is 8.4-9.4 m for 7,093.47 ha (24.42% of the total park area).