bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of physical fitness and body mass index on risk of stroke: A national cohort study
Authors: Crump Casey , Sundquist Jan , Winkleby Marilyn A , Sundquist Kristina
Published: March 2016

Background

High body mass index (BMI) and low physical fitness are risk factors for stroke, but their interactive effects are unknown. Elucidation of interactions between these modifiable risk factors can help inform preventive interventions in susceptible subgroups.

Methods

National cohort study of all 1,547,294 military conscripts in Sweden during 1969–1997 (97–98% of all 18-year-old males). Standardized aerobic capacity, muscular strength, and body mass index measurements were examined in relation to stroke identified from inpatient and outpatient diagnoses through 2012 (maximum age 62 years).

Results

Sixteen thousand nine hundred seventy-nine men were diagnosed with stroke in 39.7 million person-years of follow-up. High body mass index, low aerobic fitness, and (less strongly) low muscular fitness were associated with higher risk of any stroke, ischemic stroke, and intracerebral hemorrhage, independently of family history and sociodemographic factors. High body mass index (overweight/obese vs. normal) and low aerobic capacity (lowest vs. highest tertile) had similar effect magnitudes, and their combination was associated with highest stroke risk (incidence rate ratio, 2.36; 95% CI, 2.14–2.60; P < 0.001). Aerobic capacity and muscular strength had a positive additive and multiplicative interaction ( P < 0.001), indicating that low aerobic capacity accounted for more strokes among men with low compared with high muscular strength.

Conclusions

High body mass index and low aerobic capacity in late adolescence are associated with increased risk of stroke in adulthood. Low aerobic capacity and low muscular strength also have a synergistic effect on stroke risk. These findings suggest that preventive interventions should include weight control and aerobic fitness early in life, and muscular fitness especially among those with low aerobic capacity.
Fiscal Policy and Economic Recovery: The Case of the 1936 Veterans' Bonus
Authors: Hausman Joshua K.
Published: March 2016

Conventional wisdom has it that in the 1930s fiscal policy did not work because it was not tried. This paper shows that fiscal policy was tried in 1936. The veterans' bonus of 1936 paid 2 percent of GDP to 3.2 million veterans; the typical veteran received a payment equal to per capita income. Multiple sources, including a household consumption survey, show that veterans spent the majority of their bonus. Point estimates of the MPC are between 0.6 and 0.75. Spending was concentrated on cars and housing in particular. (JEL E21, E32, E62, N32, N42)
Malaysian nurses' evaluation of transnational higher education courses
Authors: Arunasalam Nirmala
Published: March 2016

The internationalisation of higher education has led some UK and Australian universities to deliver transnational higher education (TNHE) post-registration top-up nursing degree courses in Malaysia. These are bridging courses that allow registered nurses to upgrade their diploma qualifications to degree level. What is not sufficiently explored in the literature is nurses' evaluation of these courses and the impact of TNHE qualifications. A hermeneutic phenomenology approach was used to explore the views of 18 Malaysian nurses from one Australian and two UK TNHE universities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to enable the Malaysian nurses to evaluate the courses. Data were analysed by thematic analysis. Findings showed a gap between Malaysian and Western teaching and learning outlook, professional values and clinical practices. The data give important insights at a time when the aim of Malaysia's investment in TNHE courses is to attain a graduate workforce with changed mindsets and enhanced patient care.
Ensuring the integrity of children's nursing education
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: March 2016

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses the looming crisis in nurse education precipitated by Lord Willis's proposals that recommend a more generic nurse preparation programme
Realism and the Stock Market
Authors: Wonham Henry B.
Published: March 2016

Henry B. Wonham, “Realism and the Stock Market: The Rise of Silas Lapham” (pp. 473–495)

William Dean Howells’s The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) is usually approached as a representative text in the American realist mode and an unambiguous expression of Howells’s disdain for—in Walter Benn Michaels’s words—“the excesses of capitalism,” especially as embodied in the novel’s rendering of “the greedy and heartless stock market.” Like many commentators of the period, Howells promoted a traditional view of honest industry against the emerging phenomenon of speculative finance, and yet to read the novel as an allegory of opposition to Wall Street speculation is to oversimplify Howells’s complicated attitudes toward high finance and to make a caricature out of the novel’s treatment of complex economic developments. In this essay, I reassess Silas’s investment career and the novel’s surprisingly dense engagement with the dynamics of securities trading as a form of commerce. Critics such as Michaels and Neil Browne have contended that through Silas’s failed investment career, Howells “attempts to disarticulate…an emergent market ethos,” but as I read the novel this same “market ethos” is inseparable from Howells’s conception of realism and of the vocation of the literary realist.
Kipling’s Art of War
Authors: Mufti Nasser
Published: March 2016

Nasser Mufti, “Kipling’s Art of War” (pp. 496–519)

This essay looks at the British empire’s most ambitious years, when it saw Britain and its settler colonies as belonging to a global nation-state, most commonly referred to as “Greater Britain.” The apex of this imperial-national imagination came with the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Boer War, which jingoists like Arthur Conan Doyle and Rudyard Kipling celebrated as a civil war because it was seen to be a conflict between the “blood brotherhood” of empire: Britons and Boers. Hence the characterization of the Boer War as “the last of the gentleman’s wars” or “a sahibs’ war,” because it was said to be fought between the civilized fellow-citizens of the British empire. But Kipling also had to confront the fact that British and Boer tactics were decidedly “ungentlemanly” at the war front. I turn to his short story “A Sahibs’ War” (1901), which is especially concerned about the “gentleman’s war” in South Africa looking identical to anticolonial wars in Afghanistan and Burma, which in Kipling’s mind were barbaric frontier conflicts. Kipling registers this ambivalence between civil and colonial war in the language of his story, which strategically puns across English, Afrikaans and Urdu/Hindi. These translingual puns make legible and sensible the tensions between the intra-national and extra-national, domestic and foreign, civil and imperial that characterized Greater British discourse at the turn of the century.
Government Policy on Zakat and Tax in Indonesia
Authors: Sudirman Sudirman
Published: March 2016

New Order Government tends to consider as zakat and tax liabilities are different. There is an exciting development in the era of reform with the passage of Act No. 38 of 1999 on the Management of Zakat and converted into Act 23 of 2011. It seems that the government has to have the desire to accommodate the charity as potential aspects to reduce taxes. Moreover, the idea of integrating the zakat and taxes in one more incentive system sounded. If this is true, the government may implement two points of maqâshid al-syarî’ah, namely hifzh al-dîn and hifzh al-mâl. DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2841
Law Enforcement in Islam
Authors: Hejazziey Djawahir
Published: March 2016

This article explains that the theory of Lawrence Friedman, known as the Three Elements of the legal system in law enforcement there is a significant short age, when compared with the theory contained in the Qurân, where it is explained that law enforcement should be no element of awareness of society itself, as enshrined in the story of Prophet Ibrahim and Ismail. To uphold justice not only includes three elements or pillars, but also the equally important need to incorporate elements of the law society or the legal awareness of the society itself. Law enforcement will not be performing well, if the suspect does not have the awareness of the importance of justice as law and crown law purposes DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.2843
Dimensi Pragma-Dialektis Fatwa
Authors: Subuki Makyun
Published: March 2016

This study aimed to describe Dimension of Pragma-Dialectics Fatwa, especially in deciding the first month of Hijriah, such as Ramadhan, Syawal and Zulhijjah. The fatwa came from three Islamic religion institutions in Indonesia including Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama and Indonesian Council of Ulama. In this case, any fatwa related to the issue is assumed mutual dialogue and trying to find a way out of dissent.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2856
Sanksi Pidana Perampokan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dan Hukum Pidana Islam
Authors: Ishaq Ishaq
Published: March 2016

This study aimed to find robbery criminal justice in KUHP and Jinayah perspectives. Robbery criminal justice is mentioned on Article 365 of Criminal Code, consisting of: prison nine, twelve, fifteen, and the death penalty, or life imprisonment or imprisonment for over twenty years. Meanwhile, in Islamic law, based on al-Qur’an, al-Ma’idah (5) verse 33 sated that the justice are sentenced to death by violently and authoritative, cross sentenced to death or executed after some time he hung, cut off his hands and legs intersect, and banished from the earth.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2858
BPJS Kesehatan dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Itang Itang
Published: March 2016

This article provides answer to the MUI statements that BPJS is inconsistent with the principles of sharia economics.  First, a solution to avoid Gharar, where participants pay a monthly premium, but it is unclear how much they will receive.Second, the solution to avoid the element of gambling, where financial calculations can be profit or loss. Third, the solution of usury, when claims were received by participants of BPJS greater than the premium paid; therefore, it contains elements of usury and usury Fadl category. Meanwhile, when there is a delay of participants to pay premiums, BPJS establishes fines that is also included nasi'ah usury.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2859
Peran Kursus Nikah Membangun Keluarga Sejahtera
Authors: Nasution Khoiruddin
Published: March 2016

The birth of a number of family-related legislation and a number of technical rules related to the implementation of the Pre-Marriage Course, even used as one of the requirements to be able tocarry out the marriage, indicating that the program isconsidered so important. But in reality, the Pre-Marriage Courseis not going well, still aformalist.Therefore, these programs should receive serious attention and increasingly and developed according to the needs and the times. Therefore, the government should give serious attention to this issue before it becomes a problem that may threaten the quality generation.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2862
أحكام الحكرة والإحتكار في معاملات المالية دراسة المقارنة بين أراء الفقهاء والمحدثين
Authors: Saharudin Desmadi
Published: March 2016

Trade transactions conducted to gain an advantage in bad ways is prohibited by Islamic Law. It is a sin or despotic practice when someone saves a commodity not to be sold and reduced the availability of existing goods market and cause the expensiveness of shortages. Then prices could also be rising because of increasing demand on certain commodities, even there is no scarcity.Someone is allowed to store his belongings to the extent desired time and then sell when the price is already more expensive in order to make a profit.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2870
Jihad dan Thâ’ifah Manshûrah: Basis Syariah Identitas Kelompok Jihadis
Authors: Saloom Gazi
Published: March 2016

This study aims to examine how the concept of jihad and Tha’ifah manshurah psychologically and sociologically shape the strong basis of ideology and collective identities in jihadist community in Indonesia. Three former alumni of Afghanistan serve as key informants and three others play as secondary informants who provide the context of strengthening the jihad ideology and the formation of collective identities on the jihadists in Indonesia. In-depth interviews and review of documents, especially literature written directly by key informants, are used as data collection instruments. All the data that have been collected through interviews and review of documents are then analyzed by using the content analysis technique and thematic analysis. The study concludes that the jihad in the sense of fighting is considered as the only tool to fight the jihadist ideology that tends to perceive themselves as the chosen people of God to fight all the life.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2890
Tanggung Jawab Sosial Bank Syariah Terhadap Stakeholder dalam Perspektif Maqâshid Syarî’ah
Authors: Amaroh Siti
Published: March 2016

The implementation of social responsibility is not solely to meet the expectations of the public, but as a form of devotion to Allah. Good values in social responsibility are shown for the formation of a physically and morally prosperous society, as well as to achieve happiness (fâlah) in the world and the hereafter. Activities of Islamic banks is not only to maximize financial profit but also to achieve social welfare as an effort to fulfill the maqâshid syarî’ah. Therefore, a policy of social responsibility of Islamic banks should be legally integrated in their operational systems and as an obligatory mandate to optimize achievement.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2894
Straddling between Regulation and Innovation: A Case Study of an Islamic Bank in Indonesia.
Authors: Adib Noval , Nabiha A.K. Siti
Published: March 2016

Islamic bank, as an alternative financial institution, is now widely accepted and has been established in various countries. In Indonesia, Islamic bank was first established in 1992 along with the revival of Islam in the country. Previously, the establishment of Islamic bank in Indonesia was hindered not because of economical reason but because of a political stigma associated with Islam especially during the 1970s. The purpose of this article is to explore how the bank makes innovations to increase its performance that makes its legitimacy high on the eyes of its stakeholders. The article also discusses the various regulations and roles of central bank and the Indonesian government in ensuring control and good governance and subsequently into further developing the Islamic and shariah banking system in Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2898
Nasab dalam Perspektif Tafsir Ahkam
Authors: Jamil M
Published: March 2016

Family relationship for someone is something very important. Due to this relation, people would have family relation to whom they are connected. The importance of nasab discussion because it relates someone to a lot of matters, such as inheritance, guardian, and equality (kafâ’ah) of husband and wife before marriage. The fiqh scholars and commentators disagree with the meaning of nasab. Many Scholars say that nasab is the relationship between a man and his child related to legal marriage. Hanafiyah states that nasab is the relationship between a man and his child due to genetic relationship. The logical consequence of this difference is in inheritance. Many scholars assert that inheritance is only connected to legitimate family relationship while Hanafiyah tend to say that inheritance is related to blood relations.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2902
Neurofeedback for Peak Performance Training
Authors: Pacheco Nicole C.
Published: March 2016

Neurofeedback has been found to be effective in the treatment of a number of clinical disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD/ADD) (Lubar, 2003), obsessive-compulsive disorder (Hammond, 2003), seizures (Sterman, 2000), and substance abuse (Burkett, Cummins, Dickson, & Skolnick, 2005; Saxby & Peniston, 1995). The benefits of neurofeedback have also been found useful in peak performance training. These benefits include improving attention/concentration, imagery, arousal level, and decreasing worry and rumination (Williams, 2006). The combination of cognitive, emotional, and psychophysiological benefits from neurofeedback results in improved performance. Due to individual differences in brain activity, as well as the large diversity of skills required in different sports, neurofeedback for performance training is not a “one size fits all” approach (Wilson, Thompson, Thompson, & Peper, 2011). In order to obtain optimal results, neurofeedback for peak performance training begins with appropriate assessment and evaluation of an individual’s brain wave (electroencephalographic) activity. Individualized training plans are based upon the assessment findings and the specific needs of the targeted sport or activity (Wilson et al., 2011). This article will discuss the benefits and applications of neurofeedback for peak performance training and the importance of assessment to create effective training programs.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of apical periodontitis with the use of the author`s technique of vacuum-bolus irrigation of root canals
Authors: Куратов И. , Kuratov I. , Нагаева М. , Nagaeva M.
Published: March 2016

A device and techniques for vacuum-bolus irrigation of root canals are developed on the basis of the analysis of existing methods of medical treatment of root canals in endodontic treatment. A comparative assessment of the impact of different variables of vacuum on the degree of cleaning of the root canal model was carried out in an invitro experiment and the optimal values of vacuum and exposure time were pointed out. In the clinical part of the study 52 patients aged from 25 to 44 years with a diagnosis of apical periodontitis were treated and dynamically monitored during one year (the author`s vacuum-bolus technique was applied to 32 patients of the main study group in the course of endodontic irrigation of root canals; while 20 patients of the control group experienced a standard irrigation method with the use of endodontic syringe in the course of endodontic treatment). Criteria of the modified periapical index (PAI) were used to assess the efficacy of treatment. It was found that after 12 months, 90,5 % of patients of the main study group had no signs of demineralization of bone tissue, the orientation of bone trabeculae of cancellous bone and cortical plate were recovering. Thus, the vacuum-boluc irrigation of root canals can help us improve the efficiency of treatment of destructive forms of apical periodontitis.
Estimates of the strength of the connection «enamel — plomb» and «dentin — plomb» in permanent teeth in middle age after etching gel containing Ag
Authors: Абдулина Ю. , Abdulina Y. , Григорьев С. , Griroriev S. , Панфилов П. , Panfilov P.
Published: March 2016

The summary The study of features of strength and microstructure of joints «enamel-filling» and «dentin-sealing» after the etching treatment agent containing Ag. Samples of tissues were fixed with adhesive composite material for mechanical testing in uniaxial compression. The study shows that the content of the etching agent, silver does not affect the bond strength of dentin with composite material. Metallographic investigation of the microstructure of the joints and the bordering regions of dentin showed the status of the border and its ability to suppress the growth of cracks. In the work by means of optical and scanning electron microscopes, microstructure of studied compounds affected dentine secondary caries in permanent teeth close to the border «dentin-sealing» after the etching treatment agent containing Ag. The presence in the etching agent nanocolloidal silver does not affect the adhesive strength of the boundary of the hard tissues of the tooth with a composite material and does not change the color of the hard tissues.
The efficiency of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of dental diseases
Authors: Рединова Т. , Redinova T. , Зорин А. , Zorin A. , Биктимерова О. , Biktimerova O. , Тимофеева А. , Timofeeva A. , Третьякова О. , Tretyakova O.
Published: March 2016

Aim of our study was to study the preventive and therapeutic effect of microbial products, including dry and freeze-dried live cultures of lactobacillus. The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the dynamics of clinical data in the prevention in 164 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years, and in the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis of mild to moderate severity in 100 adults, with the appointment of probiotic in one group. The level of the oral hygiene and the state of periodontal tissues were estimated by the standard dental indieces. It was found that probiotics used in complex of preventive and treatment measures, regardless of the technology of their creation, contribute to positive clinical dynamics, namely to improve oral hygiene and the condition of the periodontal tissues.
The condition of hard dental tissues in workers of the mining industry
Authors: Трофимчук А. , Trofimchuk A. , Гуляева О. , Gulyaeva O. , Каримова Л. , Karimova L. , Тухватуллина Д. , Tuchvatullina D.
Published: March 2016

To study the state of hard tissue of teeth in workers of mining and processing enterprises, engaged in mining and processing of copper-zinc ores, conducted a comprehensive dental examination 623 workers and a control group of 255 people, аnalysis of the dependence of the state of hard tissue of teeth on the length and degree of exposure to occupational factors in workers of mining and processing enterprises showed a high prevalence of dental hard tissue disease due to occupational exposures, which has a direct correlation relationship of time and degree of exposure to harmful factors. The results can be used for the organization of dental health care system operating under study and other similar companies.
Influence of various factors on the properties of basis dental polymeric material
Authors: Костров Я. , Kostrov Y. , Белоконова Н. , Belokonova N. , Жолудев С. , Zholudev S. , Вшивков С. , Vshivkov S. , Галяс А. , Galyas A.
Published: March 2016

This article analyzes the impact of various factors on the properties of the underlying dental material «Ftoraks», used to make the bases full and partial removable plate prostheses. The data presented in the article is based on research materials conducted on the basis of the dental laboratory dental clinic UGMU and polymer chair of UFU. On the basis of experimental research the conclusions are made about the significant influence of the ratio of components Ftoraks material on its properties and about the effect of the composition of the water environment on the allocation of the residual monomer. The recommendations are given for the use of the optical density in laundering of water and the amount of light transmission as a rapid test sample by washing and selection criteria for evaluating the properties of the basic dental polymeric materials.
Case sophisticated aesthetic prosthetics
Authors: Маннанова Ф. , Mannanova F. , Ганеев Т. , Ganeev T. , Исхаков И. , Iskhakov I.
Published: March 2016

The authors describe two clinical cases with sophisticated prosthetics defects dentition with allceramic. Of complications (increased abrasion, deformation of dentition, reduces occlusion) after tooth extraction complicated rational prosthesis. It took a phased prosthesis with a preparatory phase. Failure to do so can lead to complications and aesthetic dissatisfaction of patients from the orthopedic treatment results.

The deformations of dentition occur when the full or partial destruction of the crowns of teeth, dentition defect with partial loss, periodontal diseases, tumors and other pathological conditions that lead to a change in the position of teeth (sagittal, vertical and transversal) of the three mutually perpendicular planes.

The appearance of defects violates not only the morphological unity of the dentition, but also leads to its complex restructuring, first appearing near the defect, and then extended to the entire dentition and the entire dentition system. Outwardly, this restructuring is manifested teeth tilt toward the defect, the vertical movement of the teeth, deprived of antagonists, their inclination mainly in the lingual side, rotating around an axis.

Shifting teeth leads eventually to a more or less pronounced disturbance of the occlusal surface of the dentition, lower occlusal height complicating clinic partial loss of teeth, making it difficult to conduct a rational choice and orthopedic treatment.
Marginal Bone Loss in Implants Placed in the Maxillary Sinus Grafted With Anorganic Bovine Bone: A Prospective Clinical and Radiographic Study
Authors: Dinato Thiago R. , Grossi Márcio L. , Teixeira Eduardo R. , Dinato José C. , Sczepanik Fábio S.C. , Gehrke Sergio A.
Published: March 2016

Background: Sinus elevation is a reliable and often‐used technique. Success of implants placed in such situations, even with bone substitutes alone, prompted the authors of this study to strive for bone loss close to zero and research variables that cause higher or lower rates of resorption. The objective of this study is to evaluate survival rates and marginal bone loss (MBL) around implants placed in sites treated with maxillary sinus augmentation using anorganic bovine bone (ABB), and identify surgical and prosthetic prognostic variables.

Methods: Fifty‐five implants were placed in 30 grafted maxillary sinuses in 24 patients. Periapical radiographs were evaluated immediately after implant placement (baseline), 6 months, and at the most recent follow‐up. MBL was calculated from the difference between initial and final measurements, taking into account a distortion rate for each radiograph compared with original implant measurements.

Results: Survival rate was 98.2%, with only one implant lost (100% survival rate after loading) over a mean follow‐up time of 2.0 ± 0.9 years. MBL ranged from 0 to 2.85 mm: 75.9% of mesial sites and 83.4% of distal sites showed <1 mm of MBL, whereas 35.2% of mesial sites and 37% of distal sites exhibited no bone loss. MBL was significantly (P <0.05) greater in open‐flap compared with flapless surgery.

Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, it was concluded that maxillary sinus elevation with 100% ABB gives predictable results, and that flapless surgery results in less MBL compared with traditional open‐flap surgery.
Biomass and Nutrient Content by Sugarcane as Affected by Fertilizer Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Mariano Eduardo , Leite José M. , Vieira‐Megda Michele X. , Ciampitti Ignacio A. , Vitti André C. , Faroni Carlos E. , Franco Henrique C. J. , Trivelin Paulo C. O.
Published: March 2016

Knowing the right fertilizer N source is a key management practice for improving nutrient use and productivity for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of fertilizer N sources on aboveground biomass (BM) and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) content for sugarcane ratoon. Two field trials under highly weathered tropical soils (Site 1, Typic Hapludox; Site 2, Typic Eutrustox) were conducted in the southeast region of Brazil. Five fertilizer N sources (organomineral fertilizer [OMF], ammonium chloride [AC], ammonium nitrate [AN], calcium ammonium nitrate [CAN], and urea) were applied on sugarcane at a rate of 100 kg N ha−1. A control treatment was also included in the randomized complete block design. At harvest, total BM varied from 24.4 Mg ha−1 (control and AC) at Site 1 to 44.2 Mg ha−1 (CAN) at Site 2, total K content varied from 185 kg ha−1 (AC) at Site 2 to 747 kg ha−1 (OMF) at Site 1, and total N content ranged from 92 kg ha−1 (AC) at Site 2 to 165 kg ha−1 (AN) at Site 1. Use of CAN and OMF resulted in comparable or superior BM and nutrient content relative to the other N fertilizers. In contrast, AC did not increase BM and nutrient content (except for N and Mg at Site 1), but also decreased by 33% total N content than control at Site 2. Use of more efficient fertilizer N sources (e.g., CAN and OMF) could increase productivity and nutrient use for sugarcane ratoon systems.
Targeted Discovery of Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms in an Unmarked Wheat Chromosomal Region Containing the Hessian Fly Resistance Gene H33
Authors: Subramanyam Subhashree , Nemacheck Jill A. , Xiao Xiangye , McDonald Melissa J. , Williams Christie E.
Published: March 2016

The durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] resistance gene H33 was previously introgressed into common wheat (T. aestivum L.) and mapped to chromosome 3AS. However, H33 located to a region that is known to be devoid of molecular markers, with the closest flanking simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers 7.4 and 25.1 cM from the gene. This lack of markers flanking economically important genes is a common problem in self‐pollinating crops because of low polymorphism and, in the case of wheat, a large genome size. H33 is currently effective against all virulent Hessian fly populations tested from the southeastern United States, a region where deployed resistance genes are beginning to fail; thus, effort was needed to identify tightly linked flanking markers to use this valuable gene in marker‐assisted selection (MAS). To target the 25.1‐cM segment adjacent to H33 for marker discovery, eight resistant and four susceptible plants were selected for genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS). Four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, with the closest marker being only 6.7 cM away and converted into high‐throughput polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based markers for the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) assay. In addition, endonucleases were identified that cut at the SNPs for restriction profiling as an alternate to the KASP assay. Development of these cost‐effective markers provided both low‐ and high‐throughput alternatives for introgressing H33 into wheat cultivars while minimizing linkage drag associated with durum regions of chromosome 3AS.
How to Begin a Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Silver Samuel A. , Harel Ziv , McQuillan Rory , Weizman Adam V. , Thomas Alison , Chertow Glenn M. , Nesrallah Gihad , Bell Chaim M. , Chan Christopher T.
Published: March 2016

Quality improvement involves a combined effort among health care staff and stakeholders to diagnose and treat problems in the health care system. However, health care professionals often lack training in quality improvement methods, which makes it challenging to participate in improvement efforts. This article familiarizes health care professionals with how to begin a quality improvement project. The initial steps involve forming an improvement team that possesses expertise in the quality of care problem, leadership, and change management. Stakeholder mapping and analysis are useful tools at this stage, and these are reviewed to help identify individuals who might have a vested interest in the project. Physician engagement is a particularly important component of project success, and the knowledge that patients/caregivers can offer as members of a quality improvement team should not be overlooked. After a team is formed, an improvement framework helps to organize the scientific process of system change. Common quality improvement frameworks include Six Sigma, Lean, and the Model for Improvement. These models are contrasted, with a focus on the Model for Improvement, because it is widely used and applicable to a variety of quality of care problems without advanced training. It involves three steps: setting aims to focus improvement, choosing a balanced set of measures to determine if improvement occurs, and testing new ideas to change the current process. These new ideas are evaluated using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, where knowledge is gained by testing changes and reflecting on their effect. To show the real world utility of the quality improvement methods discussed, they are applied to a hypothetical quality improvement initiative that aims to promote home dialysis (home hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis). This provides an example that kidney health care professionals can use to begin their own quality improvement projects.
The impact of instructional strategy based on the triplet model of content representation on elimination of students’ misconceptions regarding inorganic reactions
Authors: Milenkovic Dusica , Segedinac Mirjana , Hrin Tamara , Horvat Sasa
Published: March 2016

Recently we reported on the efficient teaching instruction based on
integration of macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic levels of knowledge
representation, from the standpoints of performance and mental effort. Based
on obtained results a goal of this study was set - to identify misconceptions
in the group of students trained in traditional manner and to determine
whether the same misconceptions occur among students in the treatment group
in the field of inorganic reactions. A two-tier test was used in the
research, administered by 189 second grade high school students. Analysis was
performed by calculating the frequencies of choosing distractors in the
tasks. Results revealed a total of nine misconceptions in the group of
students trained in traditional manner, while only one misconception remained
in the treatment group, after implementing the intervention program. It can
be concluded that the applied intervention strategy proved to be very
efficient in elimination of majority of misconceptions in the examined group
of students.
Electrocardiography in pre-participation screening and current guidelines for participation in competitive sports
Authors: Georgijevic Ljubica , Andric Lana
Published: March 2016

Electrocardiography (ECG) is especially significant in pre-participation
screening due to its ability to discover or to rise a suspicion for certain
cardiovascular diseases and conditions that represent a serious health risk
in athletes. Common, conditionally benign and training related ECG changes
are sinus bradycardia and sinus arrhythmia, first degree atrioventricular
block, incomplete right bundle branch block, benign early repolarization, and
isolated QRS voltage criteria for left ventricular enlargement. Uncommon ECG
changes, unrelated to training, and some specific syndromes are ST segment
depression and/or ? 2mm T wave inversion in two or more adjacent leads,
intraventricular conduction disorder, Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome, long QT
interval syndrome, short QT interval syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic
ventricular tachycardia, monomorphic ventricular extrasystole and benign
ventricular tachycardia.
How can eHealth enhance adherence to cancer therapy and supportive care?
Authors: Bateman Emma , Keefe Dorothy
Published: March 2016

eHealth is currently a hot topic, but is certainly not a new one. The use of
communications technology to relay health-related information or provide
medical services has been around since the advent of this technology. It has
been primarily over the last decade that eHealth has seen a global expansion,
due to the far-reaching capabilities of the Internet and the widespread use
of wireless technology. This paper will outline what eHealth is, what
adherence is, and how eHealth can help with adherence, in cancer and
supportive care particularly. It will discuss the current state of the art,
and project into the future.
Disruption of Adipose Rab10-Dependent Insulin Signaling Causes Hepatic Insulin Resistance
Authors: Vazirani Reema P. , Verma Akanksha , Sadacca L. Amanda , Buckman Melanie S. , Picatoste Belen , Beg Muheeb , Torsitano Christopher , Bruno Joanne H. , Patel Rajesh T. , Simonyte Kotryna , Camporez Joao P. , Moreira Gabriela , Falcone Domenick J. , Accili Domenico , Elemento Olivier , Shulman Gerald I. , Kahn Barbara B. , McGraw Timothy E.
Published: March 2016

Insulin controls glucose uptake into adipose and muscle cells by regulating the amount of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane. The effect of insulin is to promote the translocation of intracellular GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. The small Rab GTPase, Rab10, is required for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Here we demonstrate that both insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane are reduced by about half in adipocytes from adipose-specific Rab10 knockout (KO) mice. These data demonstrate that the full effect of insulin on adipose glucose uptake is the integrated effect of Rab10-dependent and Rab10-independent pathways, establishing a divergence in insulin signal transduction to the regulation of GLUT4 trafficking. In adipose-specific Rab10 KO female mice, the partial inhibition of stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes induces insulin resistance independent of diet challenge. During euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, there is no suppression of hepatic glucose production despite normal insulin suppression of plasma free fatty acids. The impact of incomplete disruption of stimulated adipocyte GLUT4 translocation on whole-body glucose homeostasis is driven by a near complete failure of insulin to suppress hepatic glucose production rather than a significant inhibition in muscle glucose uptake. These data underscore the physiological significance of the precise control of insulin-regulated trafficking in adipocytes.
Performance of Concrete Bridge Decks of Similar Construction and Environment, but Different Traffic Loads
Authors: Azari Hoda , Gucunski Nenad , Kim Jinyoung , Dinh Kien
Published: March 2016

Maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement of reinforced concrete decks are the largest bridge component expenditures for most transportation agencies. Therefore, concrete bridge deck performance was identified as one of the key bridge performance issues in the Federal Highway Administration’s Long-Term Bridge Performance Program. To improve knowledge of bridge deck performance, high-quality quantitative performance data should be collected periodically through the use of complementary nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies, such as impact echo, ground penetrating radar, half-cell potential, ultrasonic surface waves, and electrical resistivity. This paper presents the condition change of a bridge deck in Virginia over a period of six years. The assessment covered corrosive environment and corrosion processes, concrete degradation, and deck delamination. Deterioration progression from periodic NDE surveys is illustrated qualitatively by condition maps and quantitatively by condition assessment numbers. The results demonstrate the ability of NDE technologies to capture and quantify the progression of deterioration. Strong agreement between different NDE technology results improves the confidence level of the condition assessment of the deck. The study also evaluated the similarities in performance of bridge decks of comparable age, similar construction, and similar environment, with different traffic loads. Multiple NDE technologies were used to assess two concrete decks of a similar design, construction, age, and environment, but with different traffic conditions. The complementary use of multiple NDE technologies identified corrosion as the primary cause of damage in both decks. The severity of deterioration differed at the time of the survey, which caused the estimated remaining life of the two decks to differ by about 10 percent.
Assessment of Bridge Joint Performance in the Northeastern States
Authors: Quinn Brooke H. , Civjan Scott A.
Published: March 2016

The University of Massachusetts, Amherst conducted a research project to determine the best practices for bridge expansion joints and headers in the northeastern United States. This research included understanding how joints and headers are used and maintained, and what factors and practices have affected joint and header performance positively and negatively. The initial research included reviewing the literature on previous joint research and compiling information on the existing bridge joint inventory in Massachusetts. Next, information was collected on bridge joints, headers, and practices within the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (DOT), by meeting with and interviewing personnel from each of the six district offices. These meetings identified significant variation in joint preferences and performance between districts within a single DOT. A survey on the use and performance of joints and headers that included questions specific to installation, repair, maintenance, and overall practice was created and distributed to transportation agencies in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The 26 survey responses were compiled and summarized. This paper describes regional practice in the northeastern United States based on the results of this research.
Superhydrophobic Coatings on Asphalt Concrete Surfaces: Toward Smart Solutions for Winter Pavement Maintenance
Authors: Arabzadeh Ali , Ceylan Halil , Kim Sunghwan , Gopalakrishnan Kasthurirangan , Sassani Alireza
Published: March 2016

Millions of dollars are annually spent for ice or snow removal from the roadways and airport paved surfaces in cold regions. The presence of snow or ice on paved areas can cause traffic accidents and financial loss because of flight cancellations or delays. For mitigating winter pavement maintenance issues, the use of superhydrophobic (super-water-repellent) coating techniques is gaining attention as a smart and cost-effective alternative to traditional snow and ice removal practices. This study focuses on creating, characterizing, and evaluating innovative superhydrophobic coatings on asphalt concrete surfaces for ice- and snow-free flexible pavement applications. The layer-by-layer (LBL) method was used to create an asphalt concrete surface coating with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a well-known super-ice- and super-water-repellent material. Superhydrophobicity and skid resistance of the coated asphalt concrete surface were characterized by the water contact angle, the work of adhesion, and the coefficient of friction at the microtexture level. These properties were evaluated for test variables including spray times and dosage rates of PTFE under a statistical design–based experimental test program. The measurement results indicate that uses of the LBL method for spray-depositing the PTFE particles and the microtribometer for measuring coefficient of friction at the microtexture level are promising methods for creating and characterizing superhydrophobic coatings on asphalt concrete. The results of statistical analyses indicate that the spray time and dosage of PTFE significantly affect the ability of a coated flexible pavement to be icephobic or superhydrophobic and skid resistant.
Optimizing Environmental Sensor Station Locations for Road Weather Management: Overview and a Generalized Modeling Framework
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Li Jia , Murphy Mike , Walton C. Michael
Published: March 2016

Adverse weather poses a significant threat to transportation safety. Road weather information systems (RWIS) are used to mitigate the impact of adverse weather. Because of the lack of detailed, unified guidelines and because of diverse weather conditions across the United States, state and city transportation agencies follow different practices for choosing locations for environmental sensor stations. This paper proposes a comprehensive cell-based methodology that optimizes overall benefits of RWIS based on weather-sensitive crash characterizations and using both normal and adverse weather crash data. The proposed approach is especially suited to optimizing regionwide environmental sensor station locations involving many road segments. A case study concerning RWIS deployment in Austin, Texas, was conducted with data from a crash records information system for 2010 to 2013.
Expanding the Road Weather Information System for Avalanche Support
Authors: Idell-Sassi Lisa , Stickel Jack R. , Murphy Mathew , Carter Peter
Published: March 2016

Transportation agencies use road weather information systems to support operations, maintenance, and informed travel decisions. Road weather capabilities have been expanded through the FHWA Weather Responsive Traffic Management’s advisory, control, and treatment strategies to address weather-related roadway impacts. Monitoring conditions that precede avalanches offers a new opportunity to leverage the road weather information system’s infrastructure. Wet avalanches, particularly wet slab avalanches, pose considerable risk. They can occur simultaneously across an extensive area, encompass a greater mass of material, create considerable energy, cause significant road closures, and lead to major injuries and fatalities. Roadside and at-altitude avalanche indicators can be monitored by adding sensors to existing road weather environmental sensor stations, deploying new environmental sensor stations at both roadside and at-altitude locations, and creating new, collaborative partnerships. The traditional sensor suite of the road weather information system can be augmented with new meteorological and snowpack sensors to monitor preavalanche conditions. Calibrated present weather detector sensors and heated precipitation gauges can provide improved estimates of the precipitation’s liquid water equivalent. Thermistor strings and lysimeters can provide snowpack stability evaluations. Adding environmental sensor stations, both at roadside and at altitude, can provide strategic observations of the atmospheric and snowpack conditions. Increased coordination between agencies on site selection, sensor choices, and data distribution can expand the role of road weather information systems to support avalanche forecasting.
Mechanical and hydrodynamic swelling characteristics of bovine tanned leather post-treated by acrylic and glutaraldehyde tanning agents
Authors: Mondal A , Chattopadhyay PK
Published: March 2016

Chromium tanned cow hides collected at two different stages (i.e. pre-neutralization and pre-finishing) have been treated separately with acrylic and glutaraldehyde based tanning agents. Both mechanical and hydrodynamic swelling properties of these treated samples were investigated. Observed results revealed that overall tensile properties and resistance against hydrodynamic swelling have been improved in all the treated samples as compared to those of untreated samples. Such improvement has been realized through measurement of crosslink densities via fitment of Mooney-Rivlin equation on the tensile plot. Leather post-treated with acrylic copolymer has envisaged superior results as compared to leather post-treated with gluteraldehyde based tanning agent. After one swelling / deswelling cycle, slight material loss has been incurred in all the samples, which is the highest for leather post-treated with glutaraldehyde. Such post-treatment of leather can be a useful measure to enhance the performance properties of leather samples already manufactured in the tannery.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(1), 1-12, 2016