Geotechnical calculations in the design of building foundations and building foundations in central Africa
Authors: NDINGA Rodolphe Many 
Published: January 2025

Summary. The main calculation methods for designing foundations and foundations in Central Africa are considered. The methodology for calculating foundations and foundations in Central Africa is analyzed and compared. Geotechnical calculations are an integral part of the design of foundations and foundations of buildings, especially in Central Africa, where geological, climatic and environmental factors can significantly affect the stability of structures. This work considers the main aspects affecting geotechnical calculations, including a detailed geological survey of the site, which allows determining the types of soils, their physical and mechanical properties and the level of groundwater.
An important stage is the assessment of the mechanical properties of soils, such as bearing capacity, water permeability and compressibility, which affect the choice of the type of foundation. The work also analyzes different types of foundations, in particular strip, slab and pile, taking into account the loads that they must withstand, as well as the specifics of soil conditions.
The article analyzes the existing methods for this region, in particular the use of drilling and laboratory soil testing. Effective approaches to the selection of foundation types for various geotechnical situations are identified.
The article also describes soil investigation methods and principles of foundation design that ensure the stability and safety of buildings in conditions typical of Central Africa.
Geotechnical calculations are a crucial component in the design of foundations for buildings, especially in regions with complex geological and climatic conditions, such as Central Africa. This region presents unique challenges for engineers due to the variety of soil types, seasonal rainfall, high temperatures and different groundwater levels. Proper geotechnical analysis ensures the stability, safety and durability of structures. The main factors affecting the design of foundations include soil properties such as strength, compressibility and shear resistance, as well as the state of groundwater, which affects soil stability.
Areas with weak or expansive soils often require deep foundations, such as piles or bored piles, while strong soils may allow for shallow foundations. Fluctuations in groundwater levels due to seasonal rains or droughts require special attention to prevent erosion, flooding, or weakening of the foundation base. Geotechnical studies also consider environmental impacts, such as the impact of construction on surrounding ecosystems and local water resources. In addition, compliance with local and international standards ensures that structures meet safety standards. Engineers must also assess climatic factors, such as thermal expansion and contraction, which can affect soil behavior over time. The use of advanced software tools such as PLAXIS and GeoStudio a vital role in modeling soil behavior and predicting potential foundation performance under different conditions. Ultimately, successful geotechnical calculations in Central Africa require a comprehensive approach that takes into account regional soil types, climate and environmental considerations, ensuring the durability and structural integrity of buildings in this challenging environment.
Foundation reinforcement is a mandatory stage in the construction of reinforced concrete structures. Its purpose is to strengthen the concrete, allowing it to resist the tensile, bending and shear forces that can act on the foundations. Reinforcement consists of inserting steel bars (rebars) into the concrete to increase its load-bearing capacity.
Foundations can be of different types, such as isolated foundations, strip foundations or slab foundations, and the reinforcement varies depending on each type and the constraints of the project. For isolated foundations, for example, the reinforcement usually consists of longitudinal bars arranged in the main direction to resist tension and bending, and transverse bars arranged perpendicularly to counteract transverse forces. This reinforcement must be carefully positioned and positioned to ensure the strength of the foundation.
Reinforcing the foundation is also crucial to prevent cracking and warping of the concrete over time. The concrete coating around the reinforcement protects it from corrosion and ensures its durability. Finally, the reinforcement is carried out according to strict standards that take into account the characteristics of the soil, the loads to be supported, and the dimensions of the foundation to ensure safety and stability.