bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ion induced field screening governs the early performance degradation of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Thiesbrummel Jarla , Shah Sahil , Gutierrez-Partida Emilio , Zu Fengshuo , Camargo Francisco , Zeiske Stefan , Diekmann Jonas , Ye Fangyuan , Peters Karol , Brinkmann Kai , Warby Jonathan , Jeangros Quentin , Lang Felix , Wu Yongzhen , Albrecht Steve , Riedl Thomas , Armin Ardalan , Neher Dieter , Koch Norbert , Corre Vincent , Snaith Henry , Stolterfoht Martin
Published: January 2023

In the last decade, perovskite semiconductors have triggered a revolution in solar cell research. However, critical issues remain concerning the stability of metal-halide perovskites, which need to be overcome to enable a large scale commercialisation of perovskite photovoltaics (PV). While the rather poor environmental stability of these perovskites is usually attributed to their ionic nature rendering them sensitive to moisture and oxygen, the actual contribution of mobile ions to the total degradation loss under different environmental conditions is poorly understood. In this work, we reveal that the initial degradation of perovskite semiconductors is largely the result of mobile ion-induced internal field screening - a phenomenon that has not been previously discussed in relation to the degradation of perovskite solar cells. The increased field screening leads to a decrease in the steady-state power conversion efficiency mainly due to a large reduction in current density, while the efficiency at high scan speeds (>1000 V/s) where the ions are immobilized is much less affected. We also show that interfacial recombination does not increase upon ageing, yet the open-circuit voltage (VOC) decreases as the result of an increase in the mobile ion density upon ageing. Furthermore, similar ionic losses appear under different external stressors, in particular when there are free charges present in the absorber layer. This work reveals a key degradation mechanism, providing new insights into initial device degradation before chemical or extrinsic mechanical device degradation effects manifest, and it highlights the critical role mobile ions play therein.
Observational Study of Tax Compliance and Tax Evasion in Nigeria
Authors: Bello Ogunshola Idowu , Kasztelnik Karina
Published: January 2023

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on tax evasion. The main purpose of the research is to explore how leaders in the manufacturing industries could understand the drivers of tax evasion in manufacturing companies, which may prevent sanctions from tax authorities in Lagos State, Nigeria. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of low tax revenues indicated the presence of a significant number of drivers of tax evasion. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that high levels of tax evasion can lead to a decrease in tax revenues to such an extent that it will threaten the ability of the Nigerian government to finance fiscal measures. Investigation of the topic of tax evasion in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: at the first stage, an analysis of taxpayers; compliance attitude in developing countries and the level of tax compliance and tax evasion was conducted. In the second stage, factors affecting tax compliance and factors influencing tax evasion were summarized and analyzed in the article, and the economic consequences of these processes were determined. Methodological tools of the research methods were the methods of generalization, analysis, and synthesis of scientific literature, formalization, and abstraction. The object of research is the theories and/or concepts of tax evasion, in particular: the theory of reasoned action and the theory of technology adoption life cycle. The article presents the results of an empirical analysis of the drivers of tax evasion, which proved that manufacturing companies deliberately fail to submit the required tax return documentation to avoid tax obligations. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the list of drivers of tax evasion may also include other reasons for tax evasion for manufacturing companies, such as a lack of education and understanding of the tax documentation requirements, process issues, technology access issues, and others. The results of the research can be useful for the tax authorities in Lagos to educate other sectors that engage in tax evasion to increase the rate of overall tax compliance.
Visibility profession: managing the position, communication or the public?
Authors: Beyi Wendgoudi Appolinaire
Published: January 2023

Technical mutations offer possibilities of interactions in new models or contracts of trust with the new conjuncture of crises of trust in mediations. With these changes, the question of the identity of journalism and the management of the journalist arises with the model of communication or the relationship with the public in the management of information. The meaning of information takes its meaning in the extent that communication and the current context of journalism destroys its function and its place in the public space. The debate comes into place on the postulates of the meaning of practices and presupposed evolutions of management in the institution of journalism inevitably linked to the new profile of the public who are familiar with the technical seals. Taking this context of position, employment, uses and practices into account, we have grasped the meaning of the new management of the contingencies of journalism with technological seals: the management reversed on media institutions. In the search for answers to the various questions of the study, it clearly appears that the social dynamic creates a direct link between the journalist and the public. At the level of the media with strong popular support and interaction on the platforms, the reason for the link may be the availability of the journalist or their obvious access, while at the level of the highly institutionalized media, the processes alienate the journalists and their public, erase them even in their representations. Beyond all this, there are characteristic features of mediation: humanization of the journalist-public relationship. And it recreates the perspective of the functions of language in the relation of information processes in social environments and the transformation of these information processes into communication processes in order to guarantee the human, less artificial nature of the environment of interactions. The identity crisis of the journalist, his post and his public constitute contingencies and crises of transformation that the management of media institutions and the approach to managing relations with the public must take into account. It is fundamentally the reading of the characteristic features of the new function of communication of the journalist that the spaces of arrangement of the relationship are located.
Effect of prepaid meters on the household expenditure on electricity consumption in Ondo state
Authors: Fasoranti Modupe M. , Alimi R. Santos , Ofonyelu Chris C.
Published: January 2023

Unfair high electricity billing is a challenge to consumers in Nigerian electricity market and it exerts undue pressure on households who are Charged for electricity service that are not supplied by service providers through estimated billing. Customers loss income as a result of this problem. Whether the introduction of prepaid meter will bring succor to consumers is an empirical issue. The hypothesis that adoption of prepaid meter reduces household expenditure on electricity consumption was tested in this study. A total of 577 (362 males and 215 females) participants were drawn from 4 local governments area of Ondo State using multistage sampling techniques. The participants had a mean age of 46.93 years and standard deviation of 21.04 years. The study was analyzed using frequency count, means and percentages. Results showed that 70.72% of the participants witnessed a reduction in their electricity expenditures as a result of adoption of prepaid meter plan which was attributed to elimination of estimated bills and users embracing electricity conservative strategies. More so, about 82% of the participants expressed their preference for prepayment electricity plan over old metering system. The implications of the finding is that the distribution companies should make more prepaid meters available as there is willingness on the part of electricity subscribers to buy into the metering plan.
Studi Etnomatematika: Konstruksi Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung pada Pembuatan Gerabah di Desa Banyumulek
Authors: Hidayah Laylatul
Published: January 2023

This study was motivated by the observation that students who understand formal mathematics do not necessarily understand non-formal mathematics in society. This shows that mathematics learning in schools has not fully involved the things around students and tends to only train students' ability to answer questions. The purpose of this study is to describe the way pottery crafters construct curved-sided spaces and reveal the concept of curved-sided spaces found in pottery making in Banyumulek Village. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects in this study were two pottery artisans who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The research subjects were chosen based on certain considerations, namely the subject is a practitioner or expert in making pottery. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the way pottery craftsmen construct the curved side space in pottery making consists of 4 processes, namely, making tombong (base), bebentet (curved side), belong (neck or connecting curve), and making biwir (mouth or lid) pottery. In addition, there is a concept of curved-sided space in pottery making in Banyumulek Village, namely the concept of partial tubes, cones, spheres, and the concept of whole tubes.
MATERIAL-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE KỲ YÊN FESTIVAL AT VĨNH BÌNH COMMUNAL TEMPLE, TIỀN GIANG, VIETNAM
Authors:   Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Ngoc Tho
Published: January 2023

The economic reform (Đổi mới) that began in 1986 and the current strong development of the market economy have left many marks on almost all aspects of social life in Vietnam, including community beliefs and public ritual space. Material-economic factors penetrate into public ritual spaces (such as a communal temple) and become one of the important driving forces for ritual spaces in some places. Moreover, material-economic values have become important resources to promote the development of rural public. This study of a festival held at the Vĩnh Bình Communal Temple (Tiền Giang province) describes the trend of materialeconomic factors in rural festivals and identifies a new phase of development and a new experience of a local communal temple festival. The material-economic factors are the intrinsic factors of the festival. If used properly, they can enhance the festival atmosphere, promote community cohesion, and enhance the atmosphere of the festival. This case study shows that material-economic factors can be appropriately used as the catalysts for improving the effectiveness of communal festivals and they play a significant role in helping to protect and develop communal institutions in Vietnam today.
Modeling land subsidence near the shaft pillars at the Upper Kama potassiummagnesium salt deposit based on the geological and geomechanical model
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Olesia Lebedeva
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Land subsidence is a visible consequence of deformation processes in the rock mass as a result mining. Deformation processes originate at producing horizons and propagate in the rock mass, usually upwards. The presence of natural physical and mechanically weakened zones in the rock mass complicates the situation creating risks of rock fracture propagation. The main problem is that subsidence of the earth's surface can lead to negative consequences for facilities within the undermining zone. Research objective is to carry out geomechanical modeling to adequately display the current situation on the earth's surface in accordance with real actual observational data. The created geological and geomechanical model can later be used to analyze and predict potential fracture zones in the rock within the rated section. Methods of research. The geological and geomechanical model is based on strata geological description, salt and oil wells geophysical exploration data, current position of workings, as well as physical and mechanical properties of rocks building up the rock mass. Results. The paper presents the results of geomechanical modeling of land subsidence at a site of the Upper Kama potassium-magnesium salt deposit in the vicinity of shaft pillars. Calculations were based on a geomechanical model of salt rock deformation and the developed geological and geomechanical model of an orefield site, including shaft barrier pillars regulated by the relevant reference documents. Timely measures for preventing negative consequences are recommended.
Theoretical estimate of the operating effectiveness of the battery-powered suspended monorail mining locomotives
Authors:   Rostov State University of Railway Communications (Voronezh branch), Konstantin Riabko
Published: January 2023

Research objective is to develop a mathematical model for a theoretical estimate of the operating effectiveness of the battery-powered suspended monorail mining locomotives. Research relevance. Comparison of the functional capabilities of cargo and personnel mine carriers shows that only suspended monorail tracks can provide cost-effective transportation along alternating curved track profiles of mine workings with inclination angles up to 30º. Battery-powered suspended monorail locomotives are currently more common. Theoretical estimate of battery-powered monorail locomotives operating effectiveness is therefore of great relevance. Methods of research. The technical details of suspended monorail mining locomotives were analyzed when solving the assigned problem. The paper uses the methods of mathematical analysis based on differential calculus to construct a universal equation for determining the operational efficiency of battery-powered suspended monorail mining locomotives. Results. In order to theoretically evaluate the operating effectiveness of battery-powered monorail locomotives, a mathematical model has been developed that makes it possible to determine a comprehensive indicator for estimating the battery traction effectiveness and the operational efficiency. It has been established that the operational efficiency of a battery-powered locomotive is generally determined both by economic features of all links of its traction electric circuit and their operation modes. It has to be considered that the operating modes of traction devices and accessories are entirely determined by the traction mode of the battery-powered locomotive entirely and partly determined by the electrochemical characteristics of the battery. After finding the operating efficiency, it is possible to provide recommendations for battery-powered suspended locomotives operating effectiveness improvement. Scope of the results. The obtained results are recommended to be used when estimating the operating effectiveness of battery-operated suspended monorail locomotives, as well as when comparing the effectiveness of various types of traction of support service mining vehicles.
Vibration influence of different types of heavy-duty trucks on road surface damage
Authors: Sun Mingming , Nguyen Vanliem
Published: January 2023

Under the interaction of the wheels of heavy-duty trucks on the random road surface when the vehicles are travelling, their generated vibrations not only affect the driver's ride comfort but also impact the road surface damage. To assess the vibration influence of different types of vehicles on the road surface damage, three dynamic models of the two axle, three axle, and four axle of heavy trucks have been build and computed via the Matlab/Simulink software. The dynamic tire load, dynamic load coefficient, and dynamic load-stress factor are chosen to assess the friendly load of different heavy trucks under the different operating conditions of the vehicle. The obtained result indicates that the dynamics parameters including suspension system, tires, and axle load distributions of heavy trucks have a greater effect on the dynamic tire force than the total weight of the vehicle. In order to ensure the road’s safety, the traffic management should intervene quickly to give a velocity limit for vehicles under the condition of the vehicle moving with the empty loaded on the poor road surface.
Аnalysis and synthesis of communication network structures by state enumeration method
Authors:   Academy of Federal Guard Service of Russian Federation, Batenkov Kirill A.
Published: January 2023

Оne of the methods of analysis and synthesis of communication network structures is considered, based on the simplest approach to calculating the probability of connectivity - the method of iterating over the states of the network edges. Despite its significant drawback, which consists in the considerable complexity of the calculations carried out, it turns out to be quite in demand both at the stage of debugging new analysis methods and when performing the procedure of sequential synthesis of network structures. The proposed method of sequential synthesis can be presented in the form of stages, at each of which one or more edges (network elements) are added. An increase in the number of edges used leads to an increase in the number of variations of the connectivity functions of a graph with an added edge, and hence to an increase in the complexity of operations for calculating conditional probabilities. At the same time, such a complication makes it possible to more accurately solve the synthesis problem, since not in all situations the sequential addition of edges is equivalent to sorting through all possible alternatives. Both the described method of analyzing the structures of communication networks based on the enumeration of states and the synthesis method differ in the essential simplicity of the implementation of the processes of the calculations carried out. It is this circumstance that allows us to use these methods as reference. The accuracy of the calculations depends solely on the capabilities of hardware and software systems and is in no way limited directly by the method of sorting states. As a result, the calculation of the probability of connectivity with precision accuracy, which is typical for situations of comparative analysis of communication networks with the availability and survivability coefficients of individual network elements close to the threshold values, also turns out to be feasible on the basis of the methods considered.
Construction of a mechanical model of the human heart left ventricle in the process of its contraction
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Tregubov Vladimir P. , Egorova Nadezhda K. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2023

A detailed analysis of previous works on modeling the left ventricle (LV) of the human heart, starting with mechanical models in the form of the simplest three-dimensional figures (cylinder, sphere, ellipsoid of rotation) and ending with models using real contours of the human heart obtained by ultrasound examination of the human heart. A way of constructing a mechanical LV model based on the processing of its dynamic images obtained using computer and magnetic resonance imaging was proposed. Digitization of these images was carried out using numerical methods developed to create a finite element model were implemented in the CMISS system, which allows the use of finite element analysis methods to solve various complex problems. To avoid the need to operate with huge arrays of numbers (up to 10 thousand numerical values at each time of the MRI study) characteristic points of the three-dimensional LV image were selected and spline interpolation of the model framework written in C++ using the Cmgui module was performed. To describe the work of the mechanical model of LV reduction, the main components of this process were identified: transverse compression, longitudinal contraction and twisting. To describe them, simple mathematical characteristics were used.
Brexit and European Works Councils: А confused scenario
Authors:   University of Bologna, Battista Leonardo
Published: January 2023

Brexit has finally arrived and its consequences are still unpredictable. This exit is unique in European Union history, as are its effects on economies, transportation, and workers. While the Withdrawal Agreements signed by the European Union and United Kingdom aim to so꭫en the economic effects and grant a stable collaboration, there are some loopholes that could deprive British workers of rights that they enjoyed during their membership in European Union, such as transnational information and consultation rights enshrined in the art. 27 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in the European Union and disposed by Directive no. 2009/38/EC: a Directive that no longer applies in United Kingdom since January 2021. This essay retraces and contextualizes the effect of Brexit on Directive no. 2009/38/EC, mainly known as European Works Councils Directive. The analysis deals with the exclusion of British workers and British representatives from the rights of information and consultation granted by such Directive. Apart from the position of British representatives in many European Works Councils, also the fate of some of these bodies is at the stake due to the exclusion of British workers from the calculation threshold for their creation. This issue will be dealt looking at clarifications set out by the European Commission to face the several legal implications brought by Brexit in the context of European Works Councils.
Labor disputes of teaching staff from among the teaching staff
Authors:   Belarusian State Economic University, Gritskevich Tatiana R.
Published: January 2023

This article deals with separate groups of labor disputes of teaching staff from institutions of higher education. Based on the author’s expert experience, it has been established that the most common causes of such disputes are the uneven workload distribution during the academic year, incomplete and inaccurate representations of the employee about the content of his work duties, issues of conditions of remuneration, and conduct of competitive procedures. Disputes over the conclusion and extension of contracts are a separate category. On the example of cases considered by the courts of the Republic of Belarus, it is shown what evidence of violation of labor legislation by the employer is accepted by the courts and what circumstances are given legal significance. Particular attention is paid to the procedural aspects of the inter-action of the parties to the employment contract, including compliance with the requirements for the written form of familiarization of the employee with certain information. Based on the analysis of disputes related to the volume of the academic load, and taking into account the possibility of its uneven distribution by semesters, the proposal is substantiated to establish for teachers a cumulative accounting of working time in compliance with the minimum and maximum working hours per week and the maximum working time for the entire account-ing period in accordance with the requirements of labor legislation. A contradiction has been revealed between the norms on the procedure for holding a competition for the positions of teaching staff and the norms of the labor legislation of the Republic of Belarus. The importance of a collective agreement in ensuring the rights of employees from among the teaching staff, including the right to extend the contract, is shown.
Improvement of the legal regulation of the prohibition of forced labor in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Abbosov Samandar
Published: January 2023

In this article the author examines the current state of the prohibition of forced labor in the Republic of Uzbekistan, in particular, measures taken by the state to prohibit forced labor and to eradicate the worst forms of child labor. The article shows the relationship between forced labor and the principles of the prohibition of discrimination in employment and occupation and elimination of the worst forms of child labor, and draws attention to the need to harmonize the definition of forced labor, contained in the Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, with ILO Convention № 29. The circumstances contributing to the risk of the use of forced labor are defined, including imperfect legislation, in particular the absence in the Labor Code of Uzbekistan of a closed list of jobs that do not constitute forced labor. The article notes that unreasonable narrowing of the term “forced labor” in the Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan on administrative responsibility often limits the possibility of bringing to justice those guilty of using forced labor. On the basis of the analysis of administrative and criminal responsibility for forced labor according to the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan the need to extend the scope of the articles on responsibility for forced labor to legal entities was substantiated. Despite the positive dynamics of development in the sphere of prohibition of forced labor in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the author concludes that an integral part of this process should be the solution of a range of economic, organizational and social measures, the implementation of which is impossible without improving national legislation, bringing it into conformity with international labor standards.
New labor paradigm and employment development: Results of the V St Petersburg International Labor Forum
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Vereduk Olesya V. , Maslova Elena V. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Minina Vera N. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Filippova Marina V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2023

The article is an analytical analysis of the results of scientific and practical events held within the framework of the V St Petersburg Labor Forum, held on April 19–23, 2021. The main subject of discussion at the Forum were problems of attracting to work and the use of public labor in conditions of an emerging socio-economic reality, in which a significant factor was the coronavirus pandemic. Within the framework of the Forum, two international scientific conferences were held, as well as a number of roundtables and discussion platforms. The discussions made it possible to formulate a number of practical proposals for improving Russian legislation (in the field of digitalization, labor, and employment), the national personnel training system, in the field of youth policy and education, in the field of taxation, legal regulation of international labor migration. The Forum developed proposals to improve the system of state management of labor and labor resources at the federal and regional levels (in the field of regulation of labor migration, development of the National Qualifications System, regulation of the quality of working life), as well as improving the efficiency of management activities of commercial legal entities (organizations), educational organizations. The Forum developed and proposed directions of promising fundamental and applied research in the field of labor and human capital development, including, in particular, such problems as the impact of the digital transformation of society on the labor market in the Russian Federation: economic and legal aspects; development of the national system of professional qualifications of the Russian Federation in the context of the transition to the digital economy and digital society; development of a methodology for combining professional standards and federal state educational standards; analysis of the practices of applying the regulatory framework for regulating remuneration systems in remote work and hybrid forms of labor organization; assessment of the effectiveness of labor legislation in the context of ensuring a balance of private and public interests in the social and labor sphere.
REVISTA NIN E ALETA VALENTE:
Authors: Neves Pellegrini Bruna
Published: January 2023

A proposta deste artigo é de compreender como o queer pode funcionar como instrumento de mobilização para libertação do corpo da mulher. Para isso, será analisado o ensaio de Aleta Valente, presente na Revista Nin, com o intuito de mostrar como rastros da teoria queer podem ser encontrados na publicação, a fim de desconstruir estereótipos sobre a mulher e a representação do corpo feminino. Na parte teórica foi abordado um breve histórico sobre a sexualidade da mulher e apresentados conceitos da teoria queer. Para a análise foi utilizada a metodologia Iconografia e Iconologia, proposta por Panofsky, pela qual foi possível concluir que a Nin de fato representa uma nova forma de ser mulher e de olhar para a mulher.
SERÁ A HISTÓRIA UMA CIÊNCIA: UM PANORAMA DE POSIÇÕES HISTORIOGRÁFICAS
Authors: Barros José D'Assunção
Published: January 2023

O artigo propõe-se a revisitar uma antiga questão: será a História uma Ciência? Busca-se elaborar um panorama das diferentes posições entre as quais se dividiram os historiadores diante desta questão, evocando as obras onde estes se colocaram diante do debate da cientificidade da História. O debate acerca da relação entre a historiografia e a interação entre objetividade e subjetividade também é apresentado, assim como a discussão acerca da possibilidade de que a História também se apresente como uma forma de arte
Sobre o método
Authors: Alves da Silva Nogueira Kleiton Wagner
Published: January 2023

Esta resenha objetiva realizar apontamentos críticos acerca do livro “Sobre o método: do positivismo ao marxismo” de autoria do doutorando em Ciências Sociais pela Universidade Federa do Rio Grande do Norte (PPGCS/UFRN) Hugo Feitosa Gonçalves. As ideias centrais do livro remetem à crítica ao positivismo enquanto método científico que, na aparência, se mostra neutro e livre de valores, mas que na essência, carrega uma miríade de intencionalidade, ao qual o autor vai evidenciando no decorrer dos quatro capítulos que compõem o livro. Nesse sentido, como antítese à concepção positivismo, o autor nos apresenta o materialismo histórico-dialético, originário da produção intelectual dos intelectuais alemães Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels, mostrando que, o contrário do positivismo, esse método procura nas relações sociais de produção os fundamentos para entendimento dos fenômenos que ocorrem no modo de produção capitalista, assumindo assim, que valores e concepções de classe são inerentes ao ato de pesquisar. De leitura leve, objetiva e agradável, indicamos que a obra pode ser utilizada em cursos de graduação de Ciências Sociais como uma forma introdutória de aproximar alunos e alunas nas reflexões metodológicas e de cariz epistemológico, sem com isso, apresentar um conteúdo superficial e raso, mas crítico, profundo e que em sua forma, se apresenta de forma didática.
Исследование проявления агрессии и уровня агрессивности студентов-психологов и студентов других направлений профессиональной подготовки
Authors: Морозова Анастасия С.
Published: January 2023

В статье рассмотрены различия в проявлении агрессии и уровне агрессивности студентов-психологов и студентов других направлений профессиональной подготовки. Актуальность исследования обуславливается увеличением количества и усилением степени агрессивных тенденций у молодежи. Новизна работы состоит в том, что впервые исследуется уровень вербальной агрессии у студентов разных специальностей, что обусловлено тем, что вербальная агрессия всё чаще воспринимается студентами как вполне допустимая норма, оправдываемая и одобряемая обществом. Во введении автор приводит актуальность исследования, обусловленную негативным влиянием агрессии как на личность студента, вызывая апатию, недоверие и скованность, что приводит к ухудшению общей успеваемости студентов и потере всякого интереса к освоению своей профессии, так и на его социальное окружение в процессе обучения и в будущей профессиональной деятельности. В работе приводится аналитический обзор научных подходов к изучению агрессии и агрессивности. Для исследования было проанкетировано 93 человека, из которых 61 студентов психологического факультета и 32 студентов других специальностей, в возрасте от 17 до 25 лет. В разделе «Методы» представлены основные способы анализа теоретических и эмпирических данных. Основными результаты исследования явились различия в уровне вербальной агрессии у студентов-психологов и студентов других направлений профессиональной подготовки. В разделе «Обсуждение результатов» автор пришел к выводу, что студенты психологи и студенты других специальностей имеют различия в уровне агрессии, а именно различия по уровням прямой и косвенной вербальной агрессии, которая оказалась выше у студентов психологического направления.
Breast Cancer Survivors’ Returning to Work: An Observational Study
among Active Women, Two Years after Diagnosis
Authors: Bouzgarrou Lamia , Laajili Hayet , Slama Mohamed Anis , Omrane Amira , Ben Afia Latifa , Kammoun Salma
Published: January 2023

Background:

Breast Cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among women
all over the world.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to identify determinants of breast cancer and evaluate the effectiveness
of return to work as a result of early diagnosis.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a university hospital dedicated to women's health
and gynecology. It investigated the return to work among women diagnosed with breast cancer at least
two years and at most five years before the onset of the survey.

Results:

At the time of the investigation, 72% of patients returned to work. The initially occupied
workstation was regained by 5% of women. The loss of the position occupied before cancer diagnosis
was significantly associated with the age at diagnosis time (p = 0.02), the prívate working sector (p =
0.014), and with blue-collar professional category (p = 0.02). Nevertheless, the higher likelihood of
returning to active life after breast cáncer was significantly associated with early diagnosis and better
health assessment (p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

Returning to work among breast cáncer survivors is important for everyday life recovery.
The professional recovery may be improved by early diagnosis and multidisciplinary interventions.
The Rare-Earth Hexaboride-Based Alloys
Authors: Aslan Mikail , Bozada Cengiz
Published: January 2023

The rare-earth hexaboride can be both alloyed with alkaline earth hexaboride
and rare-earth hexaborides. Both alloying types have different types of advantages. For
example, large-size triple LaxCe1-xB6
single crystals produced by the floating zone
method showed excellent field emission and thermionic emission characteristics. Thus,
these types of alloys indicate superior performance (electronic, magnetic, excellent
field emission, thermionic emission properties) when compared to their pure
counterparts.
Rare-Earth Metal Hexaborides: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Aslan Mikail , Bozada Cengiz
Published: January 2023

Rare-earth hexaborides are a group of materials composed of octahedral boron units. They are useful for making advanced ceramics that have a wide range of industrial applications due to their low electronic work functions, hardness, refractory properties, low electrical resistances and specific thermal expansion coefficients.

Rare-Earth Metal Hexaborides: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications provides a quick reference on rare-earth metal hexaborides and their engineering applications. It provides a primer on rare earth elements followed by details of rare-earth hexaboride structures, synthetic methods, and information about their alloys and ceramic composites. References to scholarly research are also provided for assisting advanced readers.

This reference is a handy source of information for chemical engineering and materials science scholars, and anyone interested in the applied chemistry of rare-earth metals and borides.
Using Clinical Data Visualizations in Electronic Health Record User Interfaces to Enhance Medical Student Diagnostic Reasoning: Randomized Experiment
Authors: Cheng Lucille , Senathirajah Yalini
Published: January 2023

Background

In medicine, the clinical decision-making process can be described using the dual-process theory consisting of the fast, intuitive “System 1,” commonly seen in seasoned physicians, and the slow, deliberative “System 2,” associated with medical students. System-1—type diagnostic reasoning is thought to be less cognitively burdensome, thereby reducing physician error. To date, limited literature exists on inducing System-1–type diagnosis in medical students through cognitive heuristics, particularly while using modern electronic health record (EHR) interfaces.

Objective

In this experimental pilot study, we aimed to (1) attempt to induce System-1—type diagnostic reasoning in inexperienced medical students through the acquisition of cognitive user interface heuristics and (2) understand the impact of clinical patient data visualizations on students' cognitive load and medical education.

Methods

The participants were third- and fourth-year medical students recruited from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine who had completed 1+ clinical rotations. The students were presented 8 patient cases on a novel EHR, featuring a prominent data visualization designed to foster at-a-glance rapid case assessment, and asked to diagnose the patient. Half of the participants were shown 4 of the 8 cases repeatedly, up to 4 times with 30 seconds per case (Group A), and the other half of the participants were shown cases twice with 2 minutes per case (Group B). All participants were then asked to provide full diagnoses of all 8 cases. Finally, the participants were asked to evaluate and elaborate on their experience with the system; content analysis was subsequently performed on these user experience interviews.

Results

A total of 15 students participated. The participants in Group A scored slightly higher on average than those in Group B, with a mean percentage correct of 76% (95% CI 0.68-0.84) versus 69% (95% CI 0.58-0.80), and spent on average 50% less time per question than Group B diagnosing patients (13.98 seconds vs 19.13 seconds, P=.03, respectively). When comparing the novel EHR design to previously used EHRs, 73% (n=11) of participants rated the new version on par or higher (3+/5). Ease of use and intuitiveness of this new system rated similarly high (mean score 3.73/5 and 4.2/5, respectively). In qualitative thematic analysis of poststudy interviews, most participants (n=11, 73%) spoke to “pattern-recognition” cognitive heuristic strategies consistent with System 1 decision-making.

Conclusions

These results support the possibility of inducing type-1 diagnostics in learners and the potential for data visualization and user design heuristics to reduce cognitive burden in clinical settings. Clinical data presentation in the diagnostic reasoning process is ripe for innovation, and further research is needed to explore the benefit of using such visualizations in medical education.
Time to Think “Meta”: A Critical Viewpoint on the Risks and Benefits of Virtual Worlds for Mental Health
Authors: Paquin Vincent , Ferrari Manuela , Sekhon Harmehr , Rej Soham
Published: January 2023

The metaverse is gaining traction in the general population and has become a priority of the technological industry. Defined as persistent virtual worlds that exist in virtual or augmented reality, the metaverse proposes to afford a range of activities of daily life, from socializing and relaxing to gaming, shopping, and working. Because of its scope, its projected popularity, and its immersivity, the metaverse may pose unique opportunities and risks for mental health. In this viewpoint article, we integrate existing evidence on the mental health impacts of video games, social media, and virtual reality to anticipate how the metaverse could influence mental health. We outline 2 categories of mechanisms related to mental health: experiences or behaviors afforded by the metaverse and experiences or behaviors displaced by it. The metaverse may benefit mental health by affording control (over an avatar and its virtual environment), cognitive activation, physical activity, social connections, and a sense of autonomy and competence. However, repetitive rewarding experiences may lead to addiction-like behaviors, and high engagement in virtual worlds may facilitate and perpetuate the avoidance of challenges in the offline environment. Further, time spent in virtual worlds may displace (reduce) other determinants of mental health, such as sleep rhythms and offline social capital. Importantly, individuals will differ in their uses of and psychological responses to the metaverse, resulting in heterogeneous impacts on their mental health. Their technological motivations, developmental stage, sociodemographic context, and prior mental health problems are some of the factors that may modify and frame the positive and negative effects of the metaverse on their mental health. In conclusion, as the metaverse is being scaffolded by the industry and by its users, there is a window of opportunity for researchers, clinicians, and people with lived experience to coproduce knowledge on its possible impacts on mental health and illness, with the hope of influencing policy-making, technological development, and counseling of patients.
Web-Based Learning for General Practitioners and Practice Nurses Regarding Behavior Change: Qualitative Descriptive Study (Preprint)
Authors: Raumer-Monteith Lauren , Kennedy Madonna , Ball Lauren
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Supporting patients to live well by optimizing behavior is a core tenet of primary health care. General practitioners and practice nurses experience barriers in providing behavior change interventions to patients for lifestyle behaviors, including low self-efficacy in their ability to enact change. Web-based learning technologies are readily available for general practitioners and practice nurses; however, opportunities to upskill in behavior change are still limited. Understanding what influences general practitioners’ and practice nurses’ adoption of web-based learning is crucial to enhancing the quality and impact of behavior change interventions in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore general practitioners’ and practice nurses’ perceptions regarding web-based learning to support patients with behavior change.

METHODS

A qualitative, cross-sectional design was used involving web-based, semistructured interviews with general practitioners and practice nurses in Queensland, Australia. The interviews were recorded and transcribed using the built-in Microsoft Teams transcription software. Inductive coding was used to generate codes from the interview data for thematic analysis.

RESULTS

In total, there were 11 participants in this study, including general practitioners (n=4) and practice nurses (n=7). Three themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) reflecting on the provider of the Healthy Lifestyles suite; (2) valuing the web-based learning content and presentation; and (3) experiencing barriers and facilitators to using the Healthy Lifestyles suite.

CONCLUSIONS

Provider reputation, awareness of availability, resources, content quality, usability, cost, and time influence adoption of web-based learning. Perceived quality is associated with culturally tailored information, resources, a balance of information and interactivity, plain language, user-friendly navigation, appealing visual presentation, communication examples, and simple models. Free web-based learning that features progress saving and module lengths of less than 2 hours alleviate perceived time and cost barriers. Learning providers may benefit by including these features in their future behavior change web-based learning for general practitioners and practice nurses.
Feasibility, perceived impact, and acceptability of a socially assistive robot to support emotion regulation with highly anxious university students (Preprint)
Authors: Williams A. Jess , Freed Maureen , Theofanopoulous Nikki , Daudén Roquet Claudia , Klasnja Predrag , Gross James J. , Schleider Jessica L. , Slovak Petr
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Mental health difficulties among university students have been rising rapidly over the last decade, and the demand for university mental health services commonly far exceeds available resources. Digital interventions are seen as one potential solution to these challenges. However, as in other mental health contexts, digital programmes often face low engagement and uptake; and the field lacks usable, engaging, evidence-supported mental health interventions that may be used flexibly when students need them most.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility, perceived impact, and acceptability of a new, in-situ intervention tool (Purrble) among university students experiencing anxiety. As an intervention, Purrble was designed to provide in-the-moment emotion regulation support---a well-known transdiagnostic construct---directly in the moments when individuals are facing emotionally challenging situations.

METHODS

A mixed-methods open trial was conducted, with 78 under- and post-graduate students at Oxford University. Participants were recruited based on moderate to high levels of self-reported anxiety measured by GAD-7 at baseline (M: 16.09; SD: 3.03). All participants had access to Purrble throughout 7 weeks during the spring term, with data on their perceived anxiety, emotion dysregulation, emotion regulation self-efficacy, and engagement with the intervention collected at baseline (pre-), week 4 (mid-), and week 8 (post-intervention). Qualitative responses were also collected at the mid- and post-intervention points.

RESULTS

Findings demonstrated a sustained engagement with Purrble over the 7 week period, with the acceptability further supported by the qualitative data indicating that students accepted Purrble and that Purrble was well-integrated into their daily routines. The quantitative data further shows large within-subject effects on student anxiety in week 7 (d = 0.96), as well as medium effects on emotion regulation self-efficacy (d = -0.56) and emotion dysregulation (d = -0.69).

CONCLUSIONS

This is a first trial of a simple, physical intervention that aims to provide ongoing emotion regulation support to university students. Both quantitative and qualitative data suggests that Purrble is an acceptable and feasible intervention among students, the engagement with which can be sustained at a stable level across a 7-week period, while retaining a perceived benefit for those who use it. The consistency of use is particularly promising given that there was no clinician engagement or further support provided beyond Purrble being delivered to the students. These results show promise for an innovative intervention model, which could be complementary to the traditionally more cognitively-oriented interventions.