bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Trial Simulations From a Model‐Based Meta‐Analysis of Studies in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Antiangiogenic Therapy
Authors: Zierhut ML , Chen Y , Pithavala YK , Nickens DJ , Valota O , Amantea MA
Published: May 2016

A mixed effect model describing median overall survival (mOS) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) treated with antiangiogenic therapy (AAT) was developed from literature data. Data were extracted from 59 studies, representing 4,813 patients. The final model included estimates of mOS after AAT (8.5 months) or placebo (7.1 months) administration. The mOS increased 21% when the AAT was sorafenib (SOR) or 42% when locoregional therapy was coadministered. The mOS decreased when patients received prior systemic therapy (↓7%) or concomitant chemotherapy (↓4%) or the percentage of patients with hepatitis B increased (↓∼0.4%/%). Clinical trial simulations of a phase II comparative trial predicted an mOS ratio (placebo:AAT) of 0.687 or 0.831, with a 65% or 22% probability of demonstrating superiority, for SOR or other AATs, respectively. Additionally, the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the simulated median mOS ratio for non‐SOR AATs was similar to the 95% CI of the hazard ratio (HR) observed in the trial.
Microfluidic Synthesis of pH‐Sensitive Multicompartmental Microparticles for Multimodulated Drug Release
Authors: Kim Hyeon Ung , Choi Dae Gun , Roh Yoon Ho , Shim Min Suk , Bong Ki Wan
Published: May 2016

Stimuli‐responsive carriers releasing multiple drugs have been researched for synergistic combinatorial cancer treatment with reduced side‐effects. However, previously used drug carriers have limitations in encapsulating multiple drug components in a single carrier and releasing each drug independently. In this work, pH‐sensitive, multimodulated, anisotropic drug carrier particles are synthesized using an acid‐cleavable polymer and stop‐flow lithography. The particles exhibit a faster drug release rate at the acidic pH of tumors than at physiological pH, demonstrating their potential for tumor‐selective drug release. The drug release rate of the particles can be adjusted by controlling the monomer composition. To accomplish multimodulated drug release, multicompartmental particles are synthesized. The drug release profile of each compartment is programmed by tailoring the monomer composition. These pH‐sensitive, multicompartmental particles are promising drug carriers enabling tumor‐selective and multimodulated release of multiple drugs for synergistic combination cancer therapy.
(Mis)communicating climate change? Why online adaptation databases may fail to catalyze adaptation action
Authors: Mitchell Carrie L. , Burch Sarah L. , Driscoll Patrick A.
Published: May 2016

Over the last decade a plethora of action‐oriented research projects has been conducted in developing countries, exploring how to effectively adapt to the anticipated impacts of climate change. Many intergovernmental agencies and development organizations have chosen to disseminate their research results via online databases. It is unclear, however, whether these databases are useful in terms of actual adaptation planning and implementation. A systematic review of online databases has found at least 64 databases and tools online related to climate change adaptation. Despite the abundance of databases, this analysis reveals that the existing body of online databases generally lack the structure and mechanics to identify, extract, and synthesize both effective and ineffective climate change adaptation practices, projects, programs, and policies. Even relatively basic information, such as identification of projects’ projected versus actual costs is absent, which are crucial decision‐making criteria particularly in developing country contexts where resource constraints are significant. In this paper we evaluate these online tools with a focus on identifying features that potentially could contribute to knowledge sharing and successful exchange of climate change adaptation projects and practices within a developing country context. We conclude the paper with recommendations for how to improve efforts to communicate climate change research, such as more nuanced needs assessments of potential users of databases. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:600–613. doi: 10.1002/wcc.401

This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation

Climate and Development > Knowledge and Action in Development

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Clinical characteristics of congenital cervical atresia and associated endometriosis among 96 patients
Authors: Song Xiaochen , Zhu Lan , Ding Jing , Xu Tao , Lang Jinghe
Published: May 2016

Objective

To describe the anatomic variety of congenital cervical atresia and to explore the relationship between this disorder and pelvic endometriosis.

Methods

In a retrospective study, records were reviewed for 96 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of congenital cervical atresia treated at a center in Beijing, China, between January 1984 and October 2014. Data on demographic parameters, symptoms, anatomic features, and endometriosis were obtained and analyzed.

Results

Of the 96 patients, 54 (56%) had pelvic endometriosis, 23 (24%) had a uterine malformation, 75 (78%) had a vaginal malformation, and 12 (13%) had a urinary malformation. The patients with a delay from first symptoms to surgery of more than 1 year had a higher incidence of endometriosis than did those with a delay of 1 year or less (45/71 [63%] vs 7/23 [30%];P= 0.006), and this trend was not related to the severity of endometriosis (P= 0.658). Among the 31 patients with unilateral endometrial cysts, 20 (65%) had left‐sided cysts and 11 (35%) had right‐sided cysts (P= 0.005).

Conclusion

More than half of patients with congenital cervical atresia had pelvic endometriosis. Early diagnosis and surgery seem to be necessary to prevent endometriosis among patients with congenital cervical atresia.
Corporate Reorganization Reform in China: Findings from an Empirical Study in Zhejiang
Authors: ZHANG Zinian , TOMASIC Roman
Published: May 2016

In 2006, China enacted its first rescue-orientedEnterprise Bankruptcy Lawwith the aim of establishing its corporate rescue culture. But the corporate reorganization procedure that is at the heart of the new bankruptcy law has not been used frequently. It is appropriate to ask why the use of China’s new corporate rescue law has been so low. Meanwhile, in the existing corporate reorganizations under the 2006Law, most debtors were excluded from the reorganization process, so that the Chinese new debtor-in-possession model, which seems to be a desirable control format, was largely shelved. Why so? This article explores these two issues through the use of empirical data collected from Zhejiang, a province with a significantly larger number of reorganizations than most other Chinese provinces.
Is archaeology still the project of nation states? An editorial comment
Authors: Brück Joanna , Stutz Liv Nilsson
Published: May 2016

The European Association of Archaeologists has long fostered critical analysis of the relationship between archaeology and politics, particularly the politics of national, regional and supra-regional identities. Although the role of nationalism in the birth of archaeology as a discipline is well recognized, the events of the past few years – from the referendum on Scottish independence in 2014, to the movement for secession in eastern Ukraine, and the rise of explicitly nationalist political movements across the continent – suggest that the (re)formulation of national identities is likely to continue to have major implications both for our interpretation of the past and for the practice of archaeology in the present. In light of this, the Archaeological dialogues editorial board organized a round table at the EAA meeting in Glasgow in September 2015 to explore the extent to which institutional, legislative and funding structures as well as political and cultural imperatives continue to bind our discipline into the construction of nationalist narratives, and this more or less in spite of long-standing critical debates within the discipline itself that for decades have problematized the relationship. Are we caught in a ‘can't-live-with-and-can't-live-without’ situation? While explicitly nationalist archaeologies have become almost obsolete in the European academies, we rarely contemplate the impact of nationalism on funding or the definition and protection of cultural heritage, for example. Several of the following papers suggest that without the nation state's involvement, the vicissitudes of global capitalism would result in a situation where it would be extremely difficult to adequately protect our ‘heritage’, however that is defined.
‘If not for you’. The nation state as an archaeological context
Authors: Schlanger Nathan
Published: May 2016

Rather than being bashed around in view of its contents, the nation state – or at least the ‘state’ part of this compound term – needs to be cherished for the context it provides. Without the state, instilling regulations, procedures and common purpose, archaeology will not really thrive. This is confirmed through an exemplary case study, namely the seemingly measured and consensual retrenchment of the state occurring in England over the past 25 years. A brief presentation of the structure of English archaeology serves to highlight the situation of each of its main sectors, commercial contractors, curators at local levels and national bodies. Recent changes at the last level, involving English Heritage Trust and Historic England, highlight the risks posed by state disengagement, by funding withdrawal and by the enforced commercialization of public services.
Therapeutic surfactant-stripped frozen micelles
Authors: Zhang Yumiao , Song Wentao , Geng Jumin , Chitgupi Upendra , Unsal Hande , Federizon Jasmin , Rzayev Javid , Sukumaran Dinesh K. , Alexandridis Paschalis , Lovell Jonathan F.
Published: May 2016

Injectable hydrophobic drugs are typically dissolved in surfactants and non-aqueous solvents which can induce negative side-effects. Alternatives like ‘top-down’ fine milling of excipient-free injectable drug suspensions are not yet clinically viable and ‘bottom-up’ self-assembled delivery systems usually substitute one solubilizing excipient for another, bringing new issues to consider. Here, we show that Pluronic (Poloxamer) block copolymers are amenable to low-temperature processing to strip away all free and loosely bound surfactant, leaving behind concentrated, kinetically frozen drug micelles containing minimal solubilizing excipient. This approach was validated for phylloquinone, cyclosporine, testosterone undecanoate, cabazitaxel and seven other bioactive molecules, achieving sizes between 45 and 160 nm and drug to solubilizer molar ratios 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than current formulations. Hypertonic saline or co-loaded cargo was found to prevent aggregation in some cases. Use of surfactant-stripped micelles avoided potential risks associated with other injectable formulations. Mechanistic insights are elucidated and therapeutic dose responses are demonstrated.
High-energy side-peak emission of exciton-polariton condensates in high density regime
Authors: Horikiri Tomoyuki , Yamaguchi Makoto , Kamide Kenji , Matsuo Yasuhiro , Byrnes Tim , Ishida Natsuko , Löffler Andreas , Höfling Sven , Shikano Yutaka , Ogawa Tetsuo , Forchel Alfred , Yamamoto Yoshihisa
Published: May 2016

In a standard semiconductor laser, electrons and holes recombine via stimulated emission to emit coherent light, in a process that is far from thermal equilibrium. Exciton-polariton condensates–sharing the same basic device structure as a semiconductor laser, consisting of quantum wells coupled to a microcavity–have been investigated primarily at densities far below the Mott density for signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation. At high densities approaching the Mott density, exciton-polariton condensates are generally thought to revert to a standard semiconductor laser, with the loss of strong coupling. Here, we report the observation of a photoluminescence sideband at high densities that cannot be accounted for by conventional semiconductor lasing. This also differs from an upper-polariton peak by the observation of the excitation power dependence in the peak-energy separation. Our interpretation as a persistent coherent electron-hole-photon coupling captures several features of this sideband, although a complete understanding of the experimental data is lacking. A full understanding of the observations should lead to a development in non-equilibrium many-body physics.
Nutritional properties of the largest bamboo fruit Melocanna baccifera and its ecological significance
Authors: Govindan Balaji , Johnson Anil John , Nair Sadasivan Nair Ajikumaran , Gopakumar Bhaskaran , Mallampalli Karuna Sri Lakshmi , Venkataraman Ramaswamy , Koshy Konnath Chacko , Baby Sabulal
Published: May 2016

Melocanna baccifera is a unique bamboo which produces the largest fruits in the grass family. Its gregarious flowering once in 45–50 years in north east India and adjacent regions is a botanical enigma, resulting in a glut of fruits. Proper utilization of M. baccifera fruits is not extant and huge quantities of fruits are left underexploited due to lack of scientific information on their chemical composition and nutritional potential. Here we report the nutritional properties of M. baccifera fruits and the ecological significance of its fruiting. This pear-shaped, fleshy bamboo fruit is rich in amino acids (lysine, glutamic acid), sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose) and phenolics (ferulic acid). Protein content (free, bound) in M. baccifera fruits is very low. Fruits are rich in saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid), minerals (potassium) and only B series vitamins (B3) are detected in them. Rat feeding experiments showed that M. baccifera fruit alone is not a complete food, but with other protein supplements, it is a valuable food additive. This study could lead to better utilization of M. baccifera fruits during future flowering/fruiting events. These results could also help in the successful management of rodent outbreaks and other ecological problems associated with M. baccifera fruiting.
Cell-cell contact and matrix adhesion promote αSMA expression during TGFβ1-induced epithelial-myofibroblast transition via Notch and MRTF-A
Authors: O’Connor Joseph W. , Mistry Krunal , Detweiler Dayne , Wang Clayton , Gomez Esther W.
Published: May 2016

During epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) epithelial cells lose cell-cell adhesion, exhibit morphological changes and upregulate the expression of cytoskeletal proteins. Previous studies have demonstrated that complete disruption of cell-cell contact can promote transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT and the expression of the myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Furthermore, increased cell spreading mediates TGFβ1-induced αSMA expression during EMT. Here, we sought to examine how the presence of partial cell-cell contacts impacts EMT. A microfabrication approach was employed to decouple the effects of cell-cell contact and cell-matrix adhesion in TGFβ1-induced EMT. When cell spreading is controlled, the presence of partial cell-cell contacts enhances expression of αSMA. Moreover, cell spreading and intercellular contacts together control the subcellular localization of activated Notch1 and myocardin related transcription factor (MRTF)-A. Knockdown of Notch1 or MRTF-A as well as pharmacological inhibition of these pathways abates the cell-cell contact mediated expression of αSMA. These data suggest that the interplay between cell-matrix adhesion and intercellular adhesion is an important determinant for some aspects of TGFβ1-induced EMT.
Removal of electrostatic artifacts in magnetic force microscopy by controlled magnetization of the tip: application to superparamagnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Angeloni Livia , Passeri Daniele , Reggente Melania , Mantovani Diego , Rossi Marco
Published: May 2016

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) has been demonstrated as valuable technique for the characterization of magnetic nanomaterials. To be analyzed by MFM techniques, nanomaterials are generally deposited on flat substrates, resulting in an additional contrast in MFM images due to unavoidable heterogeneous electrostatic tip-sample interactions, which cannot be easily distinguished from the magnetic one. In order to correctly interpret MFM data, a method to remove the electrostatic contributions from MFM images is needed. In this work, we propose a new MFM technique, called controlled magnetization MFM (CM-MFM), based on thein situcontrol of the probe magnetization state, which allows the evaluation and the elimination of electrostatic contribution in MFM images. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated through a challenging case study, i.e., the analysis of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in absence of applied external magnetic field. Our CM-MFM technique allowed us to acquire magnetic images depurated of the electrostatic contributions, which revealed that the magnetic field generated by the tip is sufficient to completely orient the superparamagnetic nanoparticles and that the magnetic tip-sample interaction is describable through simple models once the electrostatic artifacts are removed.
Terahertz Modulator based on Metamaterials integrated with Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Varactors
Authors: Nouman Muhammad Tayyab , Kim Hyun-Woong , Woo Jeong Min , Hwang Ji Hyun , Kim Dongju , Jang Jae-Hyung
Published: May 2016

The terahertz (THz) band of the electromagnetic spectrum, with frequencies ranging from 300 GHz to 3 THz, has attracted wide interest in recent years owing to its potential applications in numerous areas. Significant progress has been made toward the development of devices capable of actively controlling terahertz waves; nonetheless, further advances in device functionality are necessary for employment of these devices in practical terahertz systems. Here, we demonstrate a low voltage, sharp switching terahertz modulator device based on metamaterials integrated with metal semiconductor metal (MSM) varactors, fabricated on an AlGaAs/InGaAs based heterostructure. By varying the applied voltage to the MSM-varactor located at the center of split ring resonator (SRR), the resonance frequency of the SRR-based metamaterial is altered. Upon varying the bias voltage from 0 V to 3 V, the resonance frequency exhibits a transition from 0.52 THz to 0.56 THz, resulting in a modulation depth of 45 percent with an insertion loss of 4.3 dB at 0.58 THz. This work demonstrates a new approach for realizing active terahertz devices with improved functionalities.
Hybrid two-dimensional materials in rechargeable battery applications and their microscopic mechanisms
Authors: Wang Xi , Weng Qunhong , Yang Yijun , Bando Yoshio , Golberg Dmitri
Published: May 2016

Advances in two-dimensional (2D) hybrid nanomaterials in electrochemical energy storage and their microscopic mechanisms are summarized and reviewed.
Stabilising the lowest energy charge-separated state in a {metal chromophore – fullerene} assembly: a tuneable panchromatic absorbing donor–acceptor triad
Authors: Lebedeva Maria A. , Chamberlain Thomas W. , Scattergood Paul A. , Delor Milan , Sazanovich Igor V. , Davies E. Stephen , Suyetin Mikhail , Besley Elena , Schröder Martin , Weinstein Julia A. , Khlobystov Andrei N.
Published: May 2016

A novel fullerene-bipyridine-Pt-catecholate triad forms the lowest energy charge separated state upon photoexcitation, investigated by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy.
Using structural modularity in cocrystals to engineer properties: elasticity
Authors: Saha Subhankar , Desiraju Gautam R.
Published: May 2016

Cocrystal formation of heterocyclic bases with halogenated aromatic acids increases the tendency for stacking and with this an increase in structural isotropy occurs that leads to crystal elasticity.
Electrophilic activation of alkynes for enyne cycloisomerization reactions with in situ generated early/late heterobimetallic Pt–Ti catalysts
Authors: Talley Michael R. , Stokes Ryjul W. , Walker Whitney K. , Michaelis David J.
Published: May 2016

In situ assembly of a heterobimetallic Pt–Ti catalyst from a titanium-containing phosphinoamide ligand enables fast room temperature catalysis in enyne cycloisomerization reactions.
Sonochemical preparation of a ytterbium oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for supercapacitors with enhanced capacitive performance
Authors: Naderi Hamid Reza , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Dezfuli Amin Shiralizadeh , Norouzi Parviz
Published: May 2016

Decoration of graphene with different nanostructures can result in fundamental advancements in versatile technologies, especially in the fast growing fields of catalysts, sensors and energy storage.
Effects of interfacial tension and emulsification on displacement efficiency in dilute surfactant flooding
Authors: Pu Wanfen , Yuan Chengdong , Hu Wenge , Tan Tao , Hui Jian , Zhao Shuai , Wang Song , Tang Yanli
Published: May 2016

This study provides an investigation on the effect of interfacial tension (IFT) and emulsification on displacement efficiency in dilute surfactant flooding.
Students' mental models of atomic spectra
Authors: Körhasan Nilüfer Didiş , Wang Lu
Published: May 2016

Mental modeling, which is a theory about knowledge organization, has been recently studied by science educators to examine students' understanding of scientific concepts. This qualitative study investigates undergraduate students' mental models of atomic spectra. Nine second-year physics students, who have already taken the basic chemistry and chemistry laboratory application courses, participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. The analysis revealed that students had four types of coherently organized knowledge structures: the Scientific Model of Atomic Spectra (SMAS), the Primitive Scientific Model of Atomic Spectra (PSMAS), No Photon Model (NPM), and the Orbit Model (OM). Identified mental models indicated that students used some fundamental concepts interchangeably, and “electronic transition” and “photon energy” were the threshold concepts for students' scientific understanding of atomic spectra.
β-Glutamine-mediated self-association of transmembrane β-peptides within lipid bilayers
Authors: Rost U. , Steinem C. , Diederichsen U.
Published: May 2016

The rational design and synthesis of novel transmembrane β-peptides forming stable secondary structures in a membrane environment are described. Their state of aggregation within the membrane is controlled by hydrogen bonds.
An antibacterial copper composite more bioactive than metallic silver
Authors: Ben-Knaz Wakshlak Racheli , Pedahzur Rami , Menagen Barak , Avnir David
Published: May 2016

Entrapment of chlorhexidine within antibacterial copper leads to the formation of a metal composite, whose bactericidal activity exceeds that of silver and that of its individual components. Since the cost of copper is by far lower than that of silver, high volume applications become more accessible.
New insight on obesity and adipose-derived stem cells using comprehensive metabolomics
Authors: Mastrangelo Annalaura , Panadero María I. , Pérez Laura M. , Gálvez Beatriz G. , García Antonia , Barbas Coral , Rupérez Francisco J.
Published: May 2016

Obesity affects the functional capability of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and their effective use in regenerative medicine through mechanisms that are still poorly understood. In the present study we used a multiplatform [LC/MS, GC/MS and capillary electrophoresis/MS (CE/MS)], metabolomics, untargeted approach to investigate the metabolic alteration underlying the inequalities observed in obesity-derived ASCs. The metabolic fingerprint (metabolites within the cells) and footprint (metabolites secreted in the culture medium), from obesity- and non-obesity-derived ASCs of humans or mice, were characterized to provide valuable information. Metabolites associated with glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway and the polyol pathway were increased in the footprint of obesity-derived human ASCs, indicating alterations in carbohydrate metabolism, whereas, from the murine model, deep differences in lipid and amino acid catabolism were highlighted. Therefore, new insights on the ASCs’ metabolome were provided that enhance our understanding of the processes underlying ASCs’ stemness capacity and its relationship with obesity, in different cell models.
Releasing the brakes in coagulation Factor IXa by co-operative maturation of the substrate-binding site
Authors: Kristensen Line Hyltoft , Olsen Ole H. , Blouse Grant E. , Brandstetter Hans
Published: May 2016

Coagulation Factor IX is positioned at the merging point of the intrinsic and extrinsic blood coagulation cascades. Factor IXa (activated Factor IX) serves as the trigger for amplification of coagulation through formation of the so-called Xase complex, which is a ternary complex of Factor IXa, its substrate Factor X and the cofactor Factor VIIIa on the surface of activated platelets. Within the Xase complex the substrate turnover by Factor IXa is enhanced 200000-fold; however, the mechanistic and structural basis for this dramatic enhancement remains only partly understood. A multifaceted approach using enzymatic, biophysical and crystallographic methods to evaluate a key set of activity-enhanced Factor IXa variants has demonstrated a delicately balanced bidirectional network. Essential molecular interactions across multiple regions of the Factor IXa molecule co-operate in the maturation of the active site. This maturation is specifically facilitated by long-range communication through the Ile212–Ile213 motif unique to Factor IXa and a flexibility of the 170-loop that is further dependent on the conformation in the Cys168–Cys182 disulfide bond. Ultimately, the network consists of compensatory brakes (Val16 and Ile213) and accelerators (Tyr99 and Phe174) that together allow for a subtle fine-tuning of enzymatic activity.
Using High-Fidelity Simulation to Facilitate Graduate Student Clinical Learning
Authors: Grillo Elizabeth U. , Thomas Christine M.
Published: May 2016

Simulation experiences offer students an opportunity to practice application of knowledge and skills in a safe, risk-free environment and to reflect on the experiences for enhanced learning. An interprofessional collaboration between speech-language pathology and nursing educators facilitated a high-fidelity mannequin simulation with 27 speech-language pathology graduate students. The clinical case evolved over four scenarios requiring a speaking valve assessment, bedside swallow exam (including oral mechanism and cranial nerve exam), and cognitive-speech-language screening in a 3-hour block of time. The focus of this article is to present an introductory template for using high-fidelity mannequin simulations with speech-language pathology graduate students and to encourage use of such methods in collaboration with nursing.
Wind turbine power output smoothing in microgrid using ultra-capacitor with continuous wind speed forecasting and online supervisory control
Authors: Aranizadeh A. , Vahidi B. , Rahiminejad A.
Published: May 2016

Fluctuation of wind turbine output power is one the most important drawbacks of these kinds of resources. This oscillation caused by wind speed variation is undesirable for the microgrid to which the wind turbine is connected. Therefore, reduction of output power oscillation of wind turbines is one of the most important issues related to this resource. In this paper, a new method based on Continuous Wind Speed Forecasting (CWSF) is proposed to reduce fluctuation. Output power fluctuation reduction is considered as momentary in transient power oscillations and performed using short term wind speed forecasting. The goal of this paper is to decrease the output power fluctuation of a set of wind turbines and their energy storage system by CWSF and Online Supervisory Control. The oscillation reduction is performed in both the charging and discharging modes of the ultra-capacitor. The studied wind turbine is a 50 kW wind turbine and all simulations are implemented in MATLAB SIMULINK.
Difference in the trophic structure of fish communities between artificial and natural habitats in a tropical estuary
Authors: Pereira Pedro Henrique Cipresso , dos Santos Marcus Vinicius Bezerra , Lippi Daniel Lino , Silva Pedro Henrique de Paula , Barros Breno
Published: May 2016

The present study tested the hypothesis that artificial habitats (pier and bridge) harbour different fish trophic guilds compared with natural habitats (mangrove roots) and that the trophic structure of fish communities on estuarine artificial habitats resembles adjacent coral reefs. High-definition cameras were used to survey the fish community associated with the different structures over a 6-month period. Benthos was also analysed following the point intercept method on the different habitats. In the estuary, fish abundance was up to threefold higher and species richness twofold higher on artificial structures compared with the natural habitat. Mangrove roots were mainly inhabited by juvenile carnivores, whereas the pier and bridge were mostly inhabited by sessile invertebrate feeders and roving herbivores. A less diverse benthic community was found on mangrove roots, mostly composed of mud and algae. In contrast, benthos at the bridge and pier was more diverse and dominated by sponges, octocorals and oysters. In addition, fish trophic structure from an adjacent coral reef area showed more than 60% similarity with the fish community on the artificial structures surveyed. The results of the present study indicate that artificial hard structures support unique fish communities compared with natural estuarine mangrove habitats.
Forearm Fixation is Not Necessary in the Treatment of Pediatric Floating Elbow
Authors: Blumberg Todd J. , Bremjit Prashoban , Bompadre Viviana , Steinman Suzanne
Published: May 2016

Background:

Ipsilateral supracondylar humerus and forearm fractures in the pediatric population are an uncommon injury associated with high-energy trauma. Current literature suggests a high rate of compartmental syndrome with this fracture pattern and recommends surgical stabilization of both injuries. We investigate whether surgical treatment of the supracondylar fracture with closed reduction of the forearm fracture and placement into a noncircumferential cast may be an appropriate treatment.

Methods:

Retrospective clinical and radiographic review of 47 patients (22 male, 25 female; mean age 6 y) with modified Gartland type 2 or type 3 supracondylar humerus fracture requiring surgical stabilization and an ipsilateral forearm fracture from a single institution over 78 months.

Results:

Forty-seven pediatric “floating elbow” cases that had operative management of the supracondylar fracture were identified. A total of 21/47 (45%) had displaced forearm fractures that required closed manipulation. Of these, 17/21 (81%) underwent closed reduction of the displaced forearm fracture(s) and were placed into a noncircumferential cast or splint. No patients lost reduction or required remanipulation of either fracture. No patients developed signs of elevated compartment pressures. All patients went on to radiographic union without secondary procedures.

Conclusions:

We demonstrate that a supracondylar humerus fracture with an ipsilateral forearm fracture can be safely managed with operative stabilization of the supracondylar humerus fracture alone. Simultaneous closed reduction of the ipsilateral displaced forearm fracture and use of noncircumferential immobilization postoperatively is safe and was not associated with the development of elevated compartment pressures or need for remanipulation. Previous studies that relate a high rate of compartment syndrome with this injury pattern may be misguided, as method of postoperative immobilization may be a more significant factor in the development of elevated compartment pressures than the injury pattern.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF A MACULAR HOLE IN X-LINKED RETINOSCHISIS
Authors: Stein Gregory E. , Lee Song Eun , Chen Royce W. S. , Yannuzzi Lawrence , Chang Stanley
Published: May 2016

Purpose:

To report a case of full-thickness macular hole in a patient with X-linked retinoschisis and the outcome after surgical repair.

Methods:

A 15-year-old boy with a history of X-linked retinoschisis presented to his ophthalmologist for routine follow-up and was found to have a Stage-3 macular hole in his left eye. His vision was 20/200. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling, and he received long-acting gas. Color fundus photography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus; Carl Zeiss Meditech Inc, Dublin, CA) recorded images at office visits, before and after surgical repair.

Results:

The initial spectral domain optical coherence tomography of the left eye showed a full-thickness macular hole of 1,370 μm in diameter as well as schisis cavities in the macula. After pars plana vitrectomy and repeat fluid–gas exchange, the hole was closed at the sixth-week follow-up visit. The patient noted a subjective decrease in the size of a central scotoma. Best-corrected visual acuity returned to the baseline of 20/80.

Conclusion:

A large full-thickness macular hole can develop in X-linked retinoschisis, and pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling may be helpful for successful surgical closure.
An 11-Year Review of Keratoplasty in a Tertiary Referral Center in Turkey: Changing Surgical Techniques for Similar Indications
Authors: Bozkurt Tahir Kansu , Acar Banu , Kilavuzoglu Ayşe Ebru , Akdemir Mehmet Orçun , Hamilton David Rex , Cosar Yurteri Cemile Banu , Acar Suphi
Published: May 2016

Objectives:

Study aims to evaluate the indications and surgical techniques for corneal transplantation and to report changes in trends for preferred keratoplasty surgical techniques.

Methods:

Clinical records of 815 consecutive corneal transplantations between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2014 in Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital Eye Clinic were analyzed and classified into seven broad groups according to indications. Main outcome measures were change of leading indications and trends for surgical techniques.

Results:

Leading indications for keratoplasty were keratoconus (KCN) (27.7%), bullous keratopathy (BK) (23%), postinfectious corneal scars (13.5%), regrafts (13.1%), corneal dystrophies (12.1%), and noninfectious corneal scars (5.4%). Regrafts were the only indication with a significantly increasing trend (P<0.01). Since the introduction of lamellar keratoplasty (LK) techniques including deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), there was a significant increasing trend in number and percentage of both LK techniques (DALK; P=0.001 and P=0.007, and DSAEK; P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) and a significant corresponding decline in the percentage of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) (P<0.01). Similarly, DALK and DSAEK replaced PK as the preferred surgical technique for KCN and BK indications, (P=0.007 and P=0.01, respectively). Although PK was the most common surgical technique over the 11-year period (54.7%), both anterior and posterior LK techniques showed an emerging trend as the procedures of choice when indicated.

Conclusions:

No major shift was observed in the clinical indications for corneal transplantation over the previous 11 years, except for regrafts. Lamellar keratoplasty techniques largely overtook the PK technique, but PK was still the overall preferred technique in the era when both LK techniques were used.
Residual Gastric Volume After Bowel Preparation With Polyethylene Glycol for Elective Colonoscopy
Authors: Cheng Chi-Liang , Liu Nai-Jen , Tang Jui-Hsiang , Kuo Yen-Lin , Lin Cheng-Hui , Tsui Yi-Ning , Lee Bai-Ping , Tai Yun-Chiu , Su Ming-Yao , Chiu Cheng-Tang
Published: May 2016

Goal:

To examine the residual gastric volume (RGV) in colonoscopy after bowel preparations with 3-L polyethylene glycol (PEG).

Background:

Obstacles to high-volume bowel preparation by anesthesia providers resulting from concerns over aspiration risk are common during colonoscopy.

Study:

Prospective measurements of RGV were performed in patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and morning colonoscopy with split-dose PEG preparation, patients undergoing EGD and afternoon colonoscopy with same-day PEG preparation, and patients undergoing EGD alone under moderate conscious sedation. Colonoscopy patients were allowed to ingest clear liquids until 2 hours before the procedure. Patients undergoing EGD alone were instructed to eat/drink nothing after midnight.

Results:

There were 860 evaluated patients, including 330 in the split-dose preparation group, 100 in the same-day preparation group, and 430 in the EGD-only group. Baseline demographics and disease/medication factors were similar. The mean RGV in patients receiving the same-day preparation (35.4 mL or 0.56 mL/kg) was significantly higher than that in patients receiving the split-dose preparation (28.5 mL or 0.45 mL/kg) and in patients undergoing EGD alone (22.8 mL or 0.36 mL/kg) (P=0.023 andP<0.0001, respectively). Within the bowel-preparation groups, patients with fasting times of 2 to 3 hours had similar RGV compared with patients who had fasting times >3 hours. The shape of the distribution and the range of RGV among the 3 study groups were similar. No aspiration occurred in any group.

Conclusions:

PEG bowel preparations increase RGV mildly, but seem to have no clinical significance. These results support the current fasting guidelines for colonoscopy.
Resolution of Elevated Urine Glycosaminoglycans and Clinical Features of Mucopolysaccharidosis After Successful Treatment of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Hilgers Megan V. , Whitley Chester B. , Moertel Christopher L.
Published: May 2016

We report a patient with stage 3 ganglioneuroblastoma who initially presented with clinical and laboratory features consistent with mucopolysaccharidosis including coarse facial features, developmental delay, and an elevated quantitative urine glycosaminoglycan (GAG) level. All mucopolysaccharidosis features resolved following successful treatment of neuroblastoma. High GAG levels have been documented in the pediatric oncology literature, yet not as a potential marker of malignancy or other target for clinical utility. This patient prompts further investigation into the relationship between neuroblastoma and elevated GAG levels.
Evaluation of a Modified BOOST Tool in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Robertson Denise A.
Published: May 2016

Several readmission risk prediction tools exist but have had varying success in identifying patients at risk for readmission. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of a tool available within Project BOOST, Better Outcomes by Optimizing Safe Transitions, from the Society of Hospital Medicine. The tool was modified within the institution to include risk stratification scores in order to better identify the highest-risk patients. The modified risk tool may assist in predicting the risk of readmission in those patients with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are discharged home.
Young women’s lived experience of participating in a positive youth development programme
Authors: Sorhaindo Annik , Mitchell Kirstin , Fletcher Adam , Jessiman Patricia , Keogh Peter , Bonell Chris
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– Evaluation of the Teens & Toddlers (T & T) positive youth development (PYD) and teenage pregnancy prevention programme suggested that the intervention had minimal effectiveness partly due to its unclear theory of change. The purpose of this paper is to examine the lived experiences of young women participating in the programme to contribute to a clearer understanding of intervention process and potential mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors conducted four focus groups (n=20), eight paired or triad interviews (n=12) and 15 interviews with young women participating in an randomized controlled trial of the T & T programme in England, analysing these data using a phenomenological approach.

Findings

– T & T provided some opportunities to experience the “five Cs” that underpin PYD programme theory: competence, confidence, connection, character and caring. However, the young women did not experience the programme in a way that would consistently develop these characteristics. The lack of opportunities for skill-building and challenge in the activities constrained their ability to build competence and confidence. Some programme facilitators and counsellors were able to achieve connections and caring relationships with the young women, though other adults involved in the programme were sometimes perceived by the participants as overly critical. The character development activities undertaken in the programme addressed attitudes towards sexual risk-taking.

Originality/value

– Few studies of the PYD approach examine young people’s perspectives. This research suggests that the young women were not consistently provided with opportunities to achieve youth development within the T & T programmes. In refining the programme, more thought is needed regarding how delivery of particular components may facilitate or impede a PYD experience.
The real mission of pricing: beyond numbers to management partner
Authors: Docters Robert G.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to point out that most pricing organizations are not forward looking, rather they are focused on outdated price points and reviewing past negotiations. For the greatest return, pricing organizations must be strategic, and this will boost returns from 1-2 per cent (which may represent the “Hawthorne Effect”) to 5-10+% revenue growth.

Design/methodology/approach

The author examines best practices in the airline, hi-tech, software, chemical, diagnostic testing and manufacturing industries. Case studies show that sales and other line organizations are highly adept at subverting pricing rules not compatible with market dynamics.

Findings

Pricing organizations must be designed with broader scope of influence and situated so as to work closely with other functions. Pricing organizations require “analytic horsepower” to correctly anticipate the market, and be credible within company. The head of pricing must be sufficiently senior (VP or SVP) to be part of top-management dialogues for sufficient results.

Research limitations/implications

This paper is based on examination of 20+ industries only.

Practical implications

The author offers guidance on organizational structure, resources and return on building a world-class pricing function, and highlights common mis-steps and best practices.

Social implications

The paper also details the differences between a narrow “transactional” approval function and a strategic market-oriented function. Social implication is moving from focus on increasing price level to increasing revenues and better price structures which address needs.

Originality/value

This paper offers a new perspective on pricing functions within companies. Most managers are not aware that pricing organizations are focused on the past. The papers’ value is to shift management focus to future pricing challenges, new structures, price points, discounting rules and competitors.
Playing with pirates: how companies can win the endgame
Authors: Grolleau Gilles , El Harbi Sana , Békir Insaf
Published: May 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to expose two mechanisms by which pirated firms that market cultural goods can strategically use piracy to increase their profits.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors interpret several world examples through the lens of behavioral economics to identify mechanisms that can make pirates’ initiatives profitable for the intellectual property rights holders. They also address two principal objections to “beneficial piracy”.

Findings

First, intrinsically motivated pirates can be in a better position to shape consumers’ preferences in a sense favorable to the firm profit. Second, pirates can generate strategic information that can help original producers to increase their profits.

Research limitations/implications

Fighting piracy can be perfectly justified from a legal viewpoint while constituting simultaneously a bad decision for a business viewpoint. Moreover, some pirates follow ethical rules that can lead to a symbiotic relationship with pirated businesses. Nevertheless, the generalization of our analysis must be undertaken with caution given that our arguments have been developed out of observations of particular institutional settings.

Practical implications

Distinguishing “good pirates” from “bad ones” can lead managers to reconsider the systematic disapproval of copyright infringement in favor of more nuanced approaches.

Social implications

Piracy can be useful under some circumstances for the pirated firm and even for the whole society, by increasing access to cultural goods.

Originality/value

The authors identify two mechanisms that can make piracy profitable for pirated firms. These insights can help managers to avoid a “one-size-fits-all” policy regarding piracy and to seek how to create conditions for a mutual and shared success.
Leading change: introducing an electronic medical record system to a paramedic service
Authors: Baird Shawn , Boak George
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Leaders in health-care organizations introducing electronic medical records (EMRs) face implementation challenges. The adoption of EMR by the emergency medical and ambulance setting is expected to provide wide-ranging benefits, but there is little research into the processes of adoption in this sector. The purpose of this study is to examine the introduction of EMR in a small emergency care organization and identify factors that aided adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews with selected paramedics were followed up with a survey issued to all paramedics in the company.

Findings

The user interfaces with the EMR, and perceived ease of use, were important factors affecting adoption. Individual paramedics were found to have strong and varied preferences about how and when they integrated the EMR into their practice. As company leadership introduced flexibility of use, this enhanced both individual and collective ability to make sense of the change and removed barriers to acceptance.

Research limitations/implications

This is a case study of one small organization. However, there may be useful lessons for other emergency care organizations adopting EMR.

Practical implications

Leaders introducing EMR in similar situations may benefit from considering a sense-making perspective and responding promptly to feedback.

Originality/value

The study contributes to a wider understanding of issues faced by leaders who seek to implement EMRs in emergency medical services, a sector in which there has been to date very little research on this issue.