bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un tutorat dévoyé
Authors: Papinot Christian
Published: October 2013

L’analyse des refus de formation des nouveaux dans un contexte industriel à forte intensité de main-d’œuvre intérimaire permet de comprendre, au-delà des conditions objectives de « concurrence entre égaux » comment les tensions et malentendus peuvent naître et se développer entre ouvriers intérimaires et permanents. L’idéal des normes professionnelles de transmission des savoir-faire se trouve en effet grippé dans ce contexte organisationnel et les ouvriers permanents sont pris dans des injonctions contradictoires, entre leur ethos professionnel et leur positionnement vis-à-vis d’une politique de flexibilité externe réprouvée. Toutes les conditions sont alors réunies pour produire des situations de tensions et de malentendus entre intérimaires et permanents, engendrer des incompréhensions réciproques et rendre plus compliqués les coopérations productives tout comme les mécanismes de reproduction professionnelle.
Classifications ouvrières et confrontation de générations d'ouvriers qualifiés : vers une remise en cause de l'ordre de l'ancienneté ?
Authors: Misset Séverine
Published: October 2013

À partir d’une enquête de terrain réalisée dans une entreprise de l’industrie métallurgique, cet article analyse comment une confrontation entre générations ouvrières autour de la prise en compte du diplôme et de l’ancienneté, liée à la multiplication des bacheliers professionnels au sein du groupe des ouvriers qualifiés, se voit renouvelée lors de l’introduction d’une nouvelle grille de classification se réclamant d’une « logique compétence ». Si celle-ci semble au premier abord bouleverser les principes de gestion de la population en remettant en cause l’ordre de l’ancienneté, le partage de cet ordre, y compris par l’encadrement de proximité, permet de nuancer ce point de vue.
Le corps des filles à l'épreuve des filières scolaires masculines
Authors: Thomas Julie
Published: October 2013

Cette recherche s’intéresse aux corps des jeunes femmes investissant des formations « masculines ». Plus exactement, les évolutions de leurs pratiques se rapportant au corps et à l’apparence, leurs discours – ainsi que ceux de leur entourage familial et scolaire –, ont été pris comme analyseurs des manières de « faire le genre » des enquêtées. Les différentes formes d’articulations des socialisations primaires et des effets de contexte sont au principe de manières différenciées de « faire le genre » chez nos enquêtées : tâcher de « s’imposer » en gardant une apparence « masculine », s’invisibiliser pour faire oublier son sexe et « neutraliser » les garçons, ou féminiser son apparence.
De la diversité des formes d'atteinte au consentement : les contours du mariage forcé
Authors: Abu Amara Nisrin , Guiné Anouk , Hamel Christelle
Published: October 2013

Cet article examine les conditions d’expression et d’extorsion du consentement au moment du mariage chez des femmes immigrées et descendantes d’immigré.e.s résidant en France. Une typologie élaborée à partir de 29 entretiens semi-directifs a permis de rendre compte de la diversité des circonstances et des processus ayant entravé la volonté des personnes. Les résultats montrent que le consentement peut être extorqué dans le cadre d’unions arrangées par les familles comme d’unions non-arrangées mais imposées par le conjoint ou encore par les conditions de vie, et que ces unions mènent souvent à des situations de violences conjugales.
Libéralisme et Nouveau Libéralisme des années 1880 à 1914
Authors: Packer Ian , Poncharal Bruno
Published: October 2013

Le libéralisme n’était pas un concept statique au tournant du 20 e siècle. Le courant de pensée qu’on a appelé le « Nouveau Libéralisme » a, par exemple, mené à un programme de réformes sociales qui fut ajouté au programme libéral existant et à un intérêt renouvelé pour l’électorat issu de la classe ouvrière. Les penseurs du libéralisme, comme Leonard J. Hobhouse et John A. Hobson, ont cherché à montrer que le langage et les idées du libéralisme n’étaient pas incompatibles avec la réforme sociale. Cet article s’intéresse aux liens complexes entre les idées des nouveaux libéraux et les pratiques des gouvernements libéraux entre 1905 et 1915. Ian Packer montre qu’il n’y a pas de lien direct entre les arguments des penseurs libéraux et les décisions prises par les gouvernements libéraux de faire voter d’importantes réformes sociales, comme la réforme sur les retraites.
Belligérance libérale
Authors: Purseigle Pierre
Published: October 2013

Le premier conflit mondial obligea la Grande-Bretagne à adapter ses structures militaires, économiques et politiques pour répondre aux exigences de la guerre industrielle. La transformation d’une armée traditionnellement assignée au maintien de l’ordre impérial eut un impact considérable sur la culture politique libérale dominante. Le conflit redéfinit les conceptions de la citoyenneté et les rapports entre État et société civile. Malgré la croissance extraordinaire de l’appareil d’État, il s’appuie sur une réflexion comparatiste et transnationale pour démontrer que la guerre ne fut pas, pour la société civile, un jeu à somme nulle. Il réévalue ainsi la force et l’importance du pluralisme libéral qui caractérisait le système politique britannique pendant la Grande Guerre.
Faire de la politique à l'heure de la démocratie
Authors: Thackeray David , Purseigle Pierre
Published: October 2013

Durant la période édouardienne (1901-1914), les partis politiques britanniques menaient leurs campagnes électorales avec l’appui de nombreuses ligues autonomes. En 1918, une réforme électorale destinée à modérer le populisme des campagnes et à limiter leur coût eut un impact considérable sur les cultures politiques britanniques. Les partis politiques furent ainsi contraints de créer des organisations de masse pour mobiliser l’électorat. Pour ce faire, le Parti conservateur s’appuya sur les liens étroits avec la société civile qu’il avait tissés pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. Le Parti libéral eut en revanche les plus grandes peines à s’adapter aux nouvelles règles du jeu électoral et se montre en particulier incapable de mobiliser le nouvel électorat féminin.
Adolf Eichmann à Jérusalem ou le procès vu de la cage de verre (1961-1962)
Authors: Théofilakis Fabien
Published: October 2013

Adolf Eichmann n’a pas seulement été un accusé hors du commun par sa fonction d’officier SS responsable de la déportation des juifs d’Europe. Il l’a également été par sa propension à parler pour se défendre comme le dévoilent les milliers de pages de notes qu’il a rédigées pendant son procès à Jérusalem (1960-1962). Elles permettent d’étudier la stratégie de défense de l’accusé telle celle d’un nazi qui mène sa dernière bataille, ainsi que sa vision de l’interprétation de la Shoah et de son rôle dans l’histoire. Bien loin de l’incarnation du criminel de bureau qui ne pense pas, du « pantin » décrit par Hannah Arendt, elles donnent à voir un accusé qui joue de manière active les herméneutes face aux mille six cents documents de la défense, tente de seconder son avocat mais aussi de démystifier les témoins.
Promouvoir une armée révolutionnaire pendant la guerre d'Algérie
Authors: Leroux Denis
Published: October 2013

Pendant la guerre d’Algérie, une partie de l’armée française s’est voulue révolutionnaire. En étudiant le Centre d’instruction pacification et contreguérilla (CIPCG), nous montrons qu’il faut saisir cette tentation comme une volonté de transformer radicalement la société algérienne afin de dépasser un statu quo colonial intenable. D’abord centré sur une instruction tactique classique, le CIPCG promeut, à partir d’octobre 1957, cette conception révolutionnaire de la pacification auprès de centaines d’officiers. Malgré la reprise en main de l’armée par le pouvoir gaulliste, il continue à diffuser cet enseignement expurgé de ces aspects les plus radicaux jusqu’en juillet 1961.
Dans le piège du fourmilion
Authors: Ambaras David , Magill Michèle M.
Published: October 2013

Au début du 20 e siècle, les journaux japonais rapportèrent l’« enlèvement » de Japonaises parties à Fuqing, au Fujian, en compagnie de colporteurs chinois qu’elles avaient rencontrés au Japon. Les autorités japonaises, soucieuses de sauvegarder le prestige national, s’efforcèrent de les rapatrier et d’empêcher l’émigration d’autres femmes à Fuqing, mais il leur fallut affronter la coopération douteuse des forces chinoises à une époque d’hostilité croissante envers le Japon. De plus, l’idée même qu’avaient ces femmes de leur propre intérêt allait souvent à l’encontre de la rhétorique et de la politique officielles. Cet article explore ces relations interethniques intimes et leurs rapports à l’impérialisme japonais avant 1937.
Evaluation of the bright greenish yellow fluorescence test as a screening technique for aflatoxin-contaminated maize in Malawi
Authors: Matumba L. , Monjerezi M. , Van Poucke C. , Biswick T. , Mwatseteza J. , De Saeger S.
Published: October 2013

The bright greenish yellow fluorescence (BGYF) test has been used with varying success in screening for aflatoxins in maize. This test was applied to 180 maize samples collected from different markets within 12 districts of Malawi in order to evaluate its performance against high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The number of BGYF grains in 2.5 kg unground samples ranged from 0 to 35 and about 49% of all tested samples had aflatoxin concentrations ranging from 1 to 382 μg/kg. A total of 65 (36%) of the examined unground samples showed no BGYF. The European Commission recommends a false negative rate of less than 5% for a screening technique to be acceptable. In this study, four BGYF grains per 2.5 kg unground maize sample successfully indicated an aflatoxin contamination of >10 μg/kg (10 μg/kg being the maxium tolerable level proposed by the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa), with a 4.4% false negative rate. In this case, the amount of confirmatory analyses would be reduced by 63%, if the BGYF test was employed as a screening method. The screening technique therefore offers a practical tool for Malawi and possibly for the Sub-Saharan region.
Comparison of single and multi-analyte methods based on LC-MS/MS for mycotoxin biomarker determination in human urine
Authors: Solfrizzo M. , Gambacorta L. , Warth B. , White K. , Srey C. , Sulyok M. , Krska R. , Gong Y.Y.
Published: October 2013

The performances of four LC-MS/MS methodologies for determination of up to eight mycotoxin biomarkers in human urines were compared by involving three laboratories that analysed common urine samples spiked at two levels of each biomarker. Each laboratory received a calibration solution, spiked urines and the corresponding unspiked urine. The two spiking levels for each biomarker were chosen by considering the levels naturally occurring in human urines and the limits of quantification of the LC-MS/MS methodologies used by the participating laboratories. The results of each laboratory were evaluated for theirz-score values. The percentage of satisfactoryz-scores (| z | < 2) were: 100% for deoxynivalenol, de-epoxy deoxynivalenol, aflatoxin M1, β-zearalenol and zearalenone, 87% for α-zearalenol, 50% for ochratoxin A and 42% for fumonisin B1. Good method performances were obtained for most biomarkers at the levels tested in this study, as demonstrated by the overall percentage of satisfactoryz-scores for all analytes (87%). Unsatisfactory/questionablez-scores (| z | ≯2) were obtained for fumonisin B1 (7/12 results), ochratoxin A (4/8 results) and ?-zearalenol (1/8 results). The percentage of satisfactoryz-scores for fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A increased from 42 to 83% for fumonisin B1 and from 50 to 62% for ochratoxin A when laboratories 1 and 2 used own calibrants. Factors that could explain the different results obtained for fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A with provided and own calibration solutions could not be identified in this study and should be carefully investigated in future studies.
Biomonitoring study of deoxynivalenol exposure and association with typical cereal consumption in Swedish adults
Authors: Wallin S. , Hardie L.J. , Kotova N. , Lemming E. Warensjö , Nälsén C. , Ridefelt P. , Turner P.C. , White K.L.M. , Olsen M.
Published: October 2013

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin of the trichothecene family commonly found in cereals infested with differentFusarium species. DON acts primarily on the gastrointestinal and immune system and is suspected to be an underlying agent causing several outbreaks of gastrointestinal disorder among humans, which prompts studies of human exposure and estimations of intake among populations. However, assessing human exposure to mycotoxins is associated with several difficulties. Therefore, a study was undertaken among adults (18-80 years) in a subgroup of Riksmaten, the Swedish national survey investigating dietary habits, examining both the association between urinary DON concentration and dietary intake of cereals, and estimations of daily DON intake. The results indicate that exposure to DON is common among Swedish adults, as this mycotoxin was detected in 292 out of 326 urine samples (90%) at levels ranging from non-detectable to 65.8 ng DON/ml urine with a median level of 2.9 ng/ml. Furthermore, urinary DON (ng/mg creatinine) was associated with intake (g/day) of total cereal grain as well as whole grain. Urinary DON was also significantly associated with breakfast cereals and porridge consumption (P<0.05). Estimated DON intake in this study ranged between 2.5 and 5,443 ng/kg body weight (bw). 1% of the individuals had estimated intakes above the group provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI; 1 μg/kg), whereas the mean and median intakes of 159 and 84 ng DON/kg bw, respectively, were considerably below the PMTDI. Along with the toxicological profile of DON, no serious health implications are to be expected for the majority of Swedish adults, although a potential health concern remains for some high cereal consumers. In conclusion, biomonitoring could prove to be a valuable tool for observing DON exposure among populations.
The Role of Vitamin D Supplements in Women's Health
Authors: Bohon Tiffany M. , Goolsby Marci A.
Published: October 2013

Vitamin D is pivotal to the absorption of calcium and maximizing bone health. Women suffer great morbidity and mortality related to osteoporosis and fractures, which may be decreased by interventions such as vitamin D. In addition, extraskeletal benefits of vitamin D have been postulated including positive effects on cancer. Both the classical and nonclassical functions of vitamin D will be discussed here, with a focus on women.
Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pediatric Patients: Review and Recommendations for Current Practice
Authors: Bhargava Ravi , Hahn Gabriele , Hirsch Wolfgang , Kim Myung-Joon , Mentzel Hans-Joachim , Olsen Øystein E. , Stokland Eira , Triulzi Fabio , Vazquez Elida
Published: October 2013

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), frequently with contrast enhancement, is the preferred imaging modality for many indications in children. Practice varies widely between centers, reflecting the rapid pace of change and the need for further research. Guideline changes, for example on contrast-medium choice, require continued practice reappraisal. This article reviews recent developments in pediatric contrast-enhanced MRI and offers recommendations on current best practice. Nine leading pediatric radiologists from internationally recognized radiology centers convened at a consensus meeting in Bordeaux, France, to discuss applications of contrast-enhanced MRI across a range of indications in children. Review of the literature indicated that few published data provide guidance on best practice in pediatric MRI. Discussion among the experts concluded that MRI is preferred over ionizing-radiation modalities for many indications, with advantages in safety and efficacy. Awareness of age-specific adaptations in MRI technique can optimize image quality. Gadolinium-based contrast media are recommended for enhancing imaging quality. The choice of most appropriate contrast medium should be based on criteria of safety, tolerability, and efficacy, characterized in age-specific clinical trials and personal experience.
Note on the Grothendieck Group of Subspaces of Rational Functions and Shokurov's Cartier b-divisors
Authors: Kaveh Kiumars , Khovanskii A. G.
Published: October 2013

In a previous paper the authors developed an intersection theory for subspaces of rational functions on an algebraic variety X over k = ℂ. In this short note, we first extend this intersection theory to an arbitrary algebraically closed ground field k. Secondly we give an isomorphism between the group of Cartier b-divisors on the birational class of X and the Grothendieck group of the semigroup of subspaces of rational functions on X. The constructed isomorphism moreover preserves the intersection numbers. This provides an alternative point of view on Cartier b-divisors and their intersection theory.
Critical reflection on XBRL: A “customisable standard” for financial reporting?
Authors: Valentinetti Diego , Rea Michele Antonio
Published: October 2013

In this paper, we discuss the dual power of XBRL to standardise and/or accommodate firms’ financial reporting practices. We first develop a conceptual framework for understanding which factors may affect the adoption of XBRL and, in turn, standardise or customise financial reporting. We then examine the XBRL implementation models adopted in two countries: Italy and the US. In Italy, XBRL is required through the application of a standard taxonomy (the Italian GAAP Taxonomy), without the ability to create and submit taxonomy extensions. Conversely, in the US, XBRL is required through the application of a standard taxonomy (the US GAAP Taxonomy), along with the ability to define individual extensions to be submitted to the SEC. We discuss the potential effects of taxonomy application on the representation of financial information. The application of a taxonomy on a “blind basis” (extensions not permitted) leads not only to the full comparability of financial data but also to a loss of idiosyncratic information. The application of a taxonomy on a “minimum basis” (individual extensions permitted) preserves specific information, but causes a potential loss of data comparability.
The Relation Between Stock Repurchase And Ownership Structure In France
Authors: El Houcine Rim , Boubaker Adel
Published: October 2013

The aim of this article is to study the relationship between the type of shareholders of French companies and their stock repurchase policy. According to the financial theory, the presence of institutional investors negatively influences the policy of purchasing the fact of preference of these investors over the reinvestment projects. The theoretical hypotheses of interest alignment and entrenchment have been used to justify the relationship between management stockholding and repurchasing policy. We have tested the validity of our hypotheses on a sample of 77 French companies during 2003-2008. The results have shown that the institutional investors affect negatively the repurchase, which can explain the priority of these latter for dividends compared to repurchasing and with holding the profit to invest it again. Moreover, we have found a positive relationship between the management stockholding and the repurchase, which has been explained by the power of entrenchment that can perform the repurchase by raising the stockholding percentage of managers who repurchase the stocks.
An Interview-Based Study of Individual and Institutional Preparedness for Teaching IFRS
Authors: Santos Noema E. , Quilliam William Clayton
Published: October 2013

This study uses an interview approach in order to ascertain individual and institutional preparation for implementing IFRS into curricula.  This is an important issue, due to the eventual adoption of IFRS by the United States.  The participants in the study indicate that neither individuals nor institutions have a high level of readiness for teaching IFRS.  The study then covers the implications of these findings and suggests future research possibilities.
Small-sized companies' earnings management: evidence from Italy
Authors: Poli Simone
Published: October 2013

This study explores the earnings management practices of small-sized Italian companies. Adopting the earnings distribution approach, it finds that these companies are likely to manage their earnings to achieve two earnings level targets. On the one hand, they manage their earnings to report slightly positive earnings. Those with negative earnings manage them upward to be above the zero threshold. Those with positive earnings manage them downward to bring them close to zero. On the other hand, they manage their earnings to minimize earnings changes. The main implication of the findings of this study is that the small-sized Italian companies’ earnings are not unconditionally informative regarding their performance. In other words, they are of poor quality. As a result, they should be interpreted with caution by those who use financial statement information. This study mainly enriches the literature on earnings management in two ways. Firstly, it provides evidence on small-sized companies’ earnings management practices which are very little explored in literature. Secondly, it provides additional evidence on the earnings management practices undertaken in the Italian setting, and so in countries which are characterized by a code law system and a close alignment between accounting and tax systems.
Phantasmagoric Accounting in Malaysia: A Case Study of ‘The Triumph of Hope over Experience’?
Authors: Ali Azham Md.
Published: October 2013

With the aim of detailing issues and problems that confronted accounting in Malaysia during the forty year period beginning from independence in 1957 and ending just before the onset of the Asian Financial Crisis 1997-98 and where the data came in the form of published and unpublished documents and interview findings, the study has found that there were confusion over the identity of the accounting bodies the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA) and the Malaysian Association of Certified Public Accountants (MACPA), accountants shortage, the presence of bogus accountants, disciplinary quagmire and accounting standards confusion. To explain the goings-on, the view of accounting as a social practice imbedded in a socio-historical context is taken up. This leads to the conclusion that the elite group had played quite an important role in shaping accounting in Malaysia to be nothing more than the repeated case of ‘the triumph of hope over experience’. Their (mis)conduct is apparent in regard to the MIA being inactive for two decades, the brouhaha surrounding goodwill accounting standards and the formation of the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB).
The Effect of Large Controlling Shareholder’s Presence and Board of Directors on Firm Value
Authors: Jebri Aymen
Published: October 2013

This study investigates the effect of large controlling shareholder’s presence and board of directors on firm value.The empirical results, based on a unique database of French firms, show a positive effect of cash-flow rights held by the largest controlling shareholders suggesting that an increase in cash-flow ownership makes the controlling shareholder’s interest more closely aligned with other shareholders and incited to create value.Our results also reveal that the wedge between voting and cash-flow rights of controlling shareholders have a negative effect on firm value.Finally, our empirical evidence shows a positive but not significant effect of the board structure on firm value. In fact, efficient boards should have a majority of independent directors able to monitor and advice managers since the more directors are independent the more they are likely to provide a valuable contribution to firm valuation. However, if a board appoints busy directors, controlling and advisory capabilities on managers’ decisions will be limited since there is no sufficient time. We should therefore expect to see resource diversion and decreased firm value.
Capacity Building Strategies: Can they promote Socially Just Strategic Intervention in Urban Governance?
Authors: Ouseley-Torrezao Eulanie
Published: October 2013

This paper analyses Capacity Building Interventions through three areas Human Resource Development, Organizational Development and Institutional Reform and explores a tool that promotes socially just capacity building interventions at the municipal level.
An analysis of the impact of Globalization and Economic Adjustment on Urban Governance
Authors: Ouseley-Torrezao Eulanie
Published: October 2013

This paper discusses the concepts of globalisation and urban governance and examines some of its effects on the governance of developing countries. It argues that globalization is three dimensional, having social, economic and political characteristics. It also highlighted that some policy measures such as decentralization, trade liberalization and currency devaluation have negatively impacted on the governance of cities.
Local level E-government in international comparison
Authors: Wirtz Bernd W. , Nitzsche Philipp
Published: October 2013

In recent years the importance of E-government has, both in literature and in practice, steadily increased. In particular, the use of local E-government has attracted more and more interest and attention. Local E-government portals are often the first point of contact between the citizen and the E-government, providing a wide range of services. In international comparison, however, significant differences can be observed in terms of the extent and level of development of E-government services. This article, therefore, examines the breadth and depth of local E-government services based on a comparative case study and highlights recent trends. The cases represent the world's leading E-government portals of the cities or city-states of New York, Hong Kong and Singapore. It turns out that there exists a significant implementation gap both between the different case studies but also in the different categories of municipal services. In addition, the growing importance of Web 2.0 services in E-government is confirmed and illustrated by the three portals considered in this study.
Globalization and Transnationalism in Indo-Pakistan Region: A Historical Overview
Authors: Musarrat Razia , Noor Samina
Published: October 2013

South Asia contains twenty two percent of the world, is one of the fastest growing regional economies. Therefore, such global progress has also a dark side, that region also facing some worse kinds of economic, social, and political issues. Globalization also intensifying the transnational activities across the borders, when criminal networks and globalization developed freely cross borders relations. This research paper focused on the historical impact of globalization and transnationalism on Indo-Pak region of South Asia. Globalization and transnationalism has changed the entire security environment for the traditional enemies in South Asia. This paper also put some light how globalization and transnationalism boots up the cross border security issues of both India and Pakistan. In this research paper we discussed comprehensive historical background of trans-border issues in South Asia particular in India and Pakistan. This paper also discussed the strategic and historical importance of Subcontinent (prior independent) and after partition.
Enhancing Public Sector Productivity in Ghana: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Asamoah Dr. Kwame , Osei-Kojo Alex , Yeboah-Assiamah Emmanuel
Published: October 2013

In recent times, there have been calls on public sector workers to increase productivity in the public sector of Ghana. This comes against the backdrop that productivity in Ghana’s public sector appears to be consistently declining. While this seems to be the situation, it appears there is paucity of literature on the actual causes of productivity and how it can be improved in Ghana. Using secondary data and content analysis, this paper examines the phenomenon of low productivity in the public sector and recommends measures for improvement. Findings of the study revealed that poor remuneration systems in the public sector, political interference, and bureaucratic inertia are among the causes of low productivity in the public sector. The study recommended that public sector productivity could be enhanced through the establishment of a flexible bureaucracy, improvement in remuneration, regular monitoring and evaluation of the performance of the public sector and appointment of personnel based on merit. Political will as effective leadership are considered useful instruments to propel productivity in the public sector.
Relationship Between Organizational Commitment and Organisational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) At Goverment-Owned Corporation Companies
Authors: Ibrahim Muh. Akmal , Aslinda Andi
Published: October 2013

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is important to solve the complexity of organizational problems in public sector, including BUMN. However, it still has different explanation about factors which have influence to OCB. This study aims to examine the relationship between organizational commitment and OCB atPT Telkom Makassar. Used approach in this research is quantitative by survey methods, through a number of 176 employees from 6 divisions at this BUMN organization by giving response to OCB and their commitment to the organization. Data is collected by questionnaire. Data analysis applies statistical analysis of recursive path model using SPSS version 17.0. Findings of this research reveals that success rate of an organization is also determined by on how organization stimulates their employees upon the organization itself. It can be concluded that organizational commitment positively and significantly relates to OCB at PT Telkom Makassar. Hence, it is suggested that for the forthcoming studies, researcher needs to wield qualitative approach to gather a much deeper information in order to explain the phenomenon.
The Behavior Of Bureaucracy in Formulation Annual Government Planning Process
Authors: Ahmad Jamaluddin
Published: October 2013

The consistency of regional government budget is actually reflected from adjustment planning and budgeting program, which is really determined by formulating process of annual government planning every year. Formulating process is bureaucracy responsibility, so most of behaviors of bureaucracy where dominated. This research aimed at: (1) describing behaviors of bureaucracy types in formulating process annual government planning, (2) describing external environment models interaction with behaviors of bureaucracy types in formulating process annual government planning, and (3) explain the formulating process of annual government planning principles with behaviors of bureaucracy types. The results of the research showed that between behaviors of bureaucracy types consists of: career staff type, politics type, professional type, and missioner type, which dominated by the career staff type in formulating process annual government planning. This happens because of the perception, individual decision making, communication patterns, unit leadership, internal organization and culture. While the external environment interaction model of  bureaucratic behavior is a social model the determined the regency leadership factor, factor structure, factor of bureaucratic authority, and cultural factors. While the application of the principles annual government planning formulation based on the type of bureaucratic behavior has basically done but still needs improvement.
Political Connections, Analyst Following, and the Informativeness of Insider Trading in China
Authors: Zeng Qingsheng , Zhang Yaozhong
Published: October 2013

Based on the theory of information asymmetry, this paper studies the predictive power of Chinese insider trading on a stock’s future medium- and long-term abnormal returns. The evidence shows that as a whole, Chinese insider trading can predict a stock’s future return in the medium term as well as in the long term, but this predictive ability is affected by factors such as the company’s political connections and analyst following and the ownership nature of its controller. In detail, the insider trading of companies with high-level political connections has significantly higher informativeness than that of non-politically connected companies, but the insider trading of companies with low-level political connections is not informative. Moreover, the effect of high-level political connections on the informativeness of insider trading is related to the ownership nature of the corporate controller. Among high-level politically connected companies, privately controlled companies’ insider trading has significantly higher informativeness than that of state-controlled companies. Analyst following significantly decreases the informativeness of corporate insider trading, but it fails to decrease to a larger extent the informativeness of the insider trading of companies with high-level political connections. This paper makes two main contributions to the literature. First, considering China’s special institutional background, it studies the impact of political connections on corporate insider trading, thereby expanding the perspective of insider trading research worldwide. Second, it is the first time in Chinese research that the positive effect of analyst following on reducing corporate information asymmetry has been tested from the perspective of insider trading, and thus the paper enriches China’s literature on securities analysts. What is more, our findings not only remind investors about the different levels of informativeness among different types of insider trading to help them in obtaining medium- to long-term abnormal returns but also give suggestions to securities market regulators on the types of corporate insider trading that should be monitored more.
Links between climate, erosion, uplift, and topography during intracontinental mountain building of the Hangay Dome, Mongolia
Authors: West A. Joshua , Fox Matthew , Walker Richard T. , Carter Andrew , Harris Thomas , Watts Anthony B. , Gantulga Bayasgalan
Published: October 2013

The Hangay mountain range, a dome in central Mongolia, provides a window into understanding how climate influences the erosion and resulting geomorphic and sedimentary signatures of continental topography. Specifically, asymmetric erosion of the Hangay, associated with a distinct orographic precipitation gradient, offers a natural experiment for exploring uplift, erosion, and the isostatic response to erosional unloading. The flat‐topped Hangay peaks preserve low‐relief remnant surfaces that provide markers of rock uplift. This makes it possible to map the deformation of a former planar surface during doming and hence to estimate the total extent of erosion by the difference from present day topography. Erosion into the Hangay surface has been significant but incomplete; the morphology of the range indicates a nonequilibrium landscape that may have persisted for millions to tens of millions of years, implying a long response time in this semiarid climate. The extent of erosion across the range correlates with mean annual precipitation. Variability in present‐day peak heights across the north‐south climatic and erosional gradient provides empirical support for the generally accepted theory that climate‐driven erosion will increase the height of mountain peaks by generating greater surface uplift through isostasy. Correction for this isostatic response makes it possible to reconstruct primary surface uplift of the Hangay. Results highlight the importance of considering the interplay between climate, erosion, and uplift in shaping intracontinental topography and thus when interpreting the geomorphic, sedimentary, and geodynamic signatures associated with such topography.
Climate and direct human contributions to changes in mean annual streamflow in the South Atlantic, USA
Authors: Patterson Lauren A. , Lutz Brian , Doyle Martin W.
Published: October 2013

Streamflow responds to changing climate patterns as well as human modifications within a basin. Understanding the contribution of these different drivers to changes in streamflow provides important information regarding how to effectively and efficiently address and anticipate changes in water availability. We used Budyko curves to ascribe changes in streamflow due to climate and human factors between two time periods in both natural and human‐modified basins in the South Atlantic, USA. We extended the analysis to look at the consistency of climate and human alterations in 5 year increments within those time periods. Budyko curves were calculated for each watershed to describe the average climate control on a watershed given its land cover during the period 1934–1969. We then assessed how climate and human factors contributed to altering streamflow during the period 1970–2005. We found climate contributed to increased streamflow (average of 14%) in the South Atlantic since the 1970s. Human factors varied between basins and either amplified or minimized the effect of climate on streamflow. Human impacts were equivalent to, or greater than, climate impacts in 27% of our basins. The 5 year increments showed greater variability in climate, compared to human, contributions to streamflow change through time. Ordinations showed reservoir storage and population size negatively correlated with streamflow change, while the extent of agricultural land within basins positively correlated with streamflow change. Differentiating between the distinct effects that climate and human impacts have on streamflow is increasingly necessary for managing water resources under dynamic climate and human population scenarios.
Early Illness Features Associated With Mortality in the Juvenile Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
Authors: Huber Adam M. , Mamyrova Gulnara , Lachenbruch Peter A. , Lee Julia A. , Katz James D. , Targoff Ira N. , Miller Frederick W. , Rider Lisa G. ,   for the Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Collaborative Study Group
Published: October 2013

Objective

Because juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are potentially life‐threatening systemic autoimmune diseases, we examined risk factors for juvenile IIM mortality.

Methods

Mortality status was available for 405 patients (329 with juvenile dermatomyositis [DM], 30 with juvenile polymyositis [PM], and 46 with juvenile connective tissue disease–associated myositis [CTM]) enrolled in nationwide protocols. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using US population statistics. Cox regression analysis was used to assess univariable associations with mortality, and random survival forest (RSF) classification and Cox regression analysis were used for multivariable associations.

Results

Of 17 deaths (4.2% overall mortality), 8 (2.4%) were in juvenile DM patients. Death was related to the pulmonary system (primarily interstitial lung disease [ILD]) in 7 patients, gastrointestinal system in 3, and multisystem in 3, and of unknown etiology in 4 patients. The SMR for juvenile IIMs overall was 14.4 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 12.2–16.5) and was 8.3 (95% CI 6.4–10.3) for juvenile DM. The top mortality risk factors in the univariable analysis included clinical subgroup (juvenile CTM, juvenile PM), antisynthetase autoantibodies, older age at diagnosis, ILD, and Raynaud's phenomenon at diagnosis. In multivariable analyses, clinical subgroup, illness severity at onset, age at diagnosis, weight loss, and delay to diagnosis were the most important predictors from RSF; clinical subgroup and illness severity at onset were confirmed by multivariable Cox regression analysis.

Conclusion

Overall mortality was higher in juvenile IIM patients, and several early illness features were identified as risk factors. Clinical subgroup, antisynthetase autoantibodies, older age at diagnosis, and ILD are also recognized as mortality risk factors in adult myositis.
Using the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score Based on Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate or C‐Reactive Protein Level: Results From the Portuguese Register
Authors: Mourão Ana F. , Santos Maria J. , Melo‐Gomes José , Martins Fernando M. , Costa José A. , Ramos Filipa , Brito Iva , Duarte Cátia , Figueira Ricardo , Figueiredo Guilherme , Furtado Carolina , Lopes Ana , Oliveira Margarida , Rodrigues Ana , Salgado Manuel , Sousa Miguel , Branco Jamie C. , Fonseca João E. , Canhão Helena
Published: October 2013

Objective

Our aims were to evaluate the correlation between Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score 27‐joint reduced count (JADAS27) with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and JADAS27 with C‐reactive protein (CRP) scores and to test the agreement of both scores on classifying each disease activity state. We also aimed at verifying the correlation of the 2 scores across juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) categories and to check the correlation between JADAS27‐ESR and clinical JADAS27 (JADAS27 without ESR).

Methods

A nationwide cohort of patients with JIA registered in the Portuguese Register, Reuma.pt, was studied. JADAS27‐CRP was adapted by replacing ESR with CRP level as the inflammatory marker. JADAS27‐CRP was calculated similarly to JADAS27‐ESR as the simple linear sum of its 4 components. Pearson's correlations and K statistics were used in the analyses.

Results

A total of 358 children had full data to calculate JADAS27; 65.4% were female and the mean ± SD disease duration was 11.8 ± 9.1 years. The correlation coefficient between JADAS27‐ESR and JADAS27‐CRP was 0.967 (P < 0.0001), although the correlation coefficient between ESR and CRP level was 0.335 (P < 0.0001). The strong correlation between JADAS27‐ESR and JADAS27‐CRP was maintained when compared within each JIA category. The agreement between JADAS27‐ESR and JADAS27‐CRP across the 4 activity states was very good, showing 91.1% of the observations in agreement; K = 0.867 (95% confidence interval 0.824–0.91). The correlation between JADAS27 with ESR and JADAS27 without ESR was high (r = 0.97, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

JADAS27 based on CRP level correlated closely with JADAS27‐ESR across all disease activity states and JIA categories, indicating that both measures can be used in clinical practice. Moreover, the correlation of JADAS27 with and without ESR was also high, suggesting that this tool might be useful even in the absence of laboratorial measures.
Temperature‐Sensitive Magnetic Drug Carriers for Concurrent Gemcitabine Chemohyperthermia
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hyun , Guo Yang , Zhang Zhuoli , Procissi Daniel , Nicolai Jodi , Omary Reed A. , Larson Andrew C.
Published: October 2013

To improve the efficacy of gemcitabine (GEM) for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer via local hyperthermia potentiated via a multi‐functional nanoplatform permitting both in vivo heating and drug delivery is the goal of this study. Here, a chemohyperthermia approach to synergistically achieve high intra‐tumoral drug concentrations, while permitting concurrent hyperthermia for more effective tumor cell kill and growth inhibition, is proposed. Drug delivery and hyperthermia are achieved using a hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)‐grafted porous magnetic drug carrier that is MRI visible to permit in vivo visualization of the biodistribution. These synthesized magnetic drug carriers produce strong T2‐weighted image contrast and permit efficient heating using low‐magnetic‐field intensities. The thermomechanical response of HPC permits triggered GEM release confirmed during in vitro drug release studies. During in vitro studies, pancreatic cancer cell growth is significantly inhibited (≈82% reduction) with chemohyperthermia compared to chemotherapy or hyperthermia alone. Using PANC‐1 xenografts in nude mice, the delivery of injected GEM‐loaded magnetic carriers (GEM‐magnetic carriers) is visualized with both MRI and fluorescent imaging techniques. Chemohyperthermia with intra‐tumoral injections of GEM‐magnetic carriers (followed by heating) results in significant increases in apoptotic cell death compared to tumors treated with GEM‐magnetic carriers injections alone. Chemohyperthermia with GEM‐magnetic carriers offers the potential to significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of GEM for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In vivo delivery confirmation with non‐invasive imaging techniques could permit patient‐specific adjustments therapeutic regimens for improve longitudinal outcomes.
Morphology and crystallization behavior of nylon 6‐clay/neat nylon 6 bicomponent nanocomposite fibers
Authors: Kazemi Shahin , Mojtahedi Mohammad Reza Mohaddes , Takarada Wataru , Kikutani Takeshi
Published: October 2013

Nylon 6‐clay hybrid/neat nylon 6, sheath/core bicomponent nanocomposite fibers containing 4 wt % of clay in sheath section, were melt spun at different take‐up speeds. Their molecular orientation and crystalline structure were compared to those of neat nylon 6 fibers. Moreover, the morphology of the bicomponent fibers and dispersion of clay within the fibers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Birefringence measurements showed that the orientation development in sheath part was reasonably high while core part showed negligibly low birefringence. Results of differential scanning calorimetry showed that crystallinity of bicomponent fibers was lower than that of neat nylon 6 fibers. The peaks of γ‐crystalline form were observed in the wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction of bicomponent and neat nylon 6 fibers in the whole take‐up speed, while α‐crystalline form started to appear at high speeds in bicomponent fibers. TEM micrographs revealed that the clay platelets were individually and evenly dispersed in the nylon 6 matrix. The neat nylon 6 fibers had a smooth surface while striped pattern was observed on the surface of bicomponent fibers containing clay. This was speculated to be due to thermal shrinkage of the core part after solidification of the sheath part in the spin‐line. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39996.
Coating of glass and polycarbonate with aqueous two‐component polyurethane resin
Authors: Barletta Massimiliano , Pezzola Silvia , Tagliaferri Vincenzo , Trovalusci Federica
Published: October 2013

Hard polyurethane coatings combine several features as high flexibility and toughness, good chemical resistance, improved clarity, and spontaneous air‐drying. However, the coating design (thicknesses, interface pretreatments, substrate features, etc.) is often troublesome. In this respect, the present investigation deals with the application of high‐clarity polyurethane coatings on transparent glass and polycarbonates. In particular, the role of the coating thicknesses and, above all, of the different compliance of the substrates was investigated. Progressive mode scratch and dry sliding linear reciprocating tribological tests were carried out and scanning electron microscopy images were captured to analyze the deformation response of the polyurethane coatings. The experimental findings allow to better interpret the way to ruptures of the investigated coating systems and the mechanisms involved. Accordingly, new strategies to prevent them could be elicited. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40021.