bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local electronic structure of doping defects on Tl/Si(111)1x1
Authors: Pieczyrak Barbara , Jurczyszyn Leszek , Sobotík Pavel , Ošt’ádal Ivan , Kocán Pavel
Published: January 2019

The Tl/Si(111)1 × 1 surface is a representative of a 2D layer with Rashba-type spin-split electronic bands. To utilize the spin polarization, doping of the system should be understood on atomic level. We present a study of two types of atomic defects predicted to dope the considered electronic system – Si-induced vacancies and defects associated with the presence of extra Tl atoms. Structural calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) confirm the stability of the proposed defect structure consisting of an extra Si atom and missing seven Tl atoms as proposed in an earlier experimental study. The calculated spatial charge distributions indicate an enhancement of the charge around the extra Si atom, which correctly reproduces topographies of the corresponding scanning tunneling microscopy images while the calculated local densities of states of this system explain obtained scanning tunneling spectra. The DFT structural calculations let us determine the atomic structure of the defect caused by the presence of an extra Tl atom. The calculated spatial charge distributions show a ring-like feature around the extra Tl atom. The obtained results indicate a charge transfer from the central extra Tl atom to its vicinity in the agreement with earlier photoemission measurements.
Sheathless CE-MS based metabolic profiling of kidney tissue section samples from a mouse model of Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sánchez-López Elena , Kammeijer Guinevere S. M. , Crego Antonio L. , Marina María Luisa , Ramautar Rawi , Peters Dorien J. M. , Mayboroda Oleg A.
Published: January 2019

Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) using a sheathless porous tip interface emerged as an attractive tool in metabolomics thanks to its numerous advantages. One of the main advantages compared to the classical co-axial sheath liquid interface is the increased sensitivity, while maintaining the inherent properties of CE, such as a high separation efficiency and low sample consumption. Specially, the ability to perform nanoliter-based injections from only a few microliters of material in the sample vial makes sheathless CE-MS a well-suited and unique approach for highly sensitive metabolic profiling of limited sample amounts. Therefore, in this work, we demonstrate the utility of sheathless CE-MS for metabolic profiling of biomass-restricted samples, namely for 20 µm-thick tissue sections of kidney from a mouse model of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The extraction method was designed in such a way to keep a minimum sample-volume in the injection vial, thereby still allowing multiple nanoliter injections for repeatability studies. The developed strategy enabled to differentiate between different stages of PKD and as well changes in a variety of different metabolites could be annotated over experimental groups. These metabolites include carnitine, glutamine, creatine, betaine and creatinine. Overall, this study shows the utility of sheathless CE-MS for biomass-limited metabolomics studies.
Mechanochromism induced through the interplay between excimer reaction and excited state intramolecular proton transfer
Authors: Wei Yu-Chen , Zhang Zhiyun , Chen Yi-An , Wu Cheng-Ham , Liu Zong-Ying , Ho Ssu-Yu , Liu Jiun-Chi , Lin Jia-An , Chou Pi-Tai
Published: January 2019

Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and excimer formation are unimolecular and bimolecular reactions, respectively. The coupling between these two reactions has been rarely observed. Here we show the interplay between ESIPT and excimer formation in CF3-HTTH (2,2′-(thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol) solid crystal, resulting in the extensively broad multiple emissions spanning from 420 to 750 nm. Comprehensive structural, time-resolved spectroscopic, and two-photon microscopic studies of CF3-HTTH in crystal lattice unveil the pre-equilibrium ESIPT between the normal (N*) and tautomer (T*) form, for which the slow population decay and well-ordered lattice packing facilitate excimeric (E*) formation, rendering N* (460 nm), T* (520 nm) and E* (600 nm) triple emissions. In contrast, the lower degree of packing on the solid surface prohibits excimer formation, showing only the ESIPT process. The correlation between luminescence properties and packing structure sheds light on the corresponding mechanochromic effect based on molecular solid architecture and provide new insight into the aggregation-induced properties.
Comparison of breath sampling methods: a post hoc analysis from observational cohort studies
Authors: Berna Amalia Z. , Schaber Chad L. , Bollinger Lucy B. , Mwale Mwawi , Mlotha-Mitole Rachel , Trehan Indi , Odom John Audrey R.
Published: January 2019

In this report, we present a post hoc analysis from two observational cohorts, comparing the global breath volatile profile captured when using polymer sampling bags (mixed breath) versus Bio-VOC™ (alveolar breath).
Antimicrobial random peptide cocktails: a new approach to fight pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Amso Zaid , Hayouka Zvi
Published: January 2019

The current feature article summarizes the latest research progress in the design and development of novel antimicrobial random peptide cocktails and demonstrates their potential as novel antimicrobial agents for various applications.
A molecular engineering approach to pore-adjustable nanoporous carbons with narrow distribution for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Lei Sheng , Lu Yun , Zhang Xiaofang , Gao Pengyuan , Cui Xun , Yang Yingkui
Published: January 2019

The space-confined twin-polymerization of silanes induces large-micropores and/or small-mesopores into porous carbons with large specific capacitance and high rate capability.
Understanding CO oxidation on the Pt(111) surface based on a reaction route network
Authors: Sugiyama Kanami , Sumiya Yosuke , Takagi Makito , Saita Kenichiro , Maeda Satoshi
Published: January 2019

Kinetic analysis by the rate constant matrix contraction on the reaction route network of CO oxidation on the Pt(111) surface obtained by the artificial force induced reaction reveals the impact of entropic contributions arising from a variety of local minima and transition states.
Ultrafast and radiationless electronic excited state decay of uracil and thymine cations: computing the effects of dynamic electron correlation
Authors: Segarra-Martí Javier , Tran Thierry , Bearpark Michael J.
Published: January 2019

In this article we characterise the radiationless decay of the first few electronic excited states of the cations of DNA/RNA nucleobases uracil and thymine, including the effects of dynamic electron correlation on energies and geometries (optimised with XMS-CASPT2).
Medium-sized rings: conformational preferences in cyclooctanone driven by transannular repulsive interactions
Authors: Burevschi Ecaterina , Peña Isabel , Sanz M. Eugenia
Published: January 2019

Three conformers of cyclooctanone have been identified by broadband rotational spectroscopy. Cyclooctanone shows a strong preference to adopt a boat-chair conformation, driven by minimisation of repulsive non-bonded transannular interactions.
Structural origin of the high glass-forming ability of Ce70Ga10Cu20 alloys
Authors: Chen Heng , Li Dongdong , Zhao Yong , Qu Bingyan , Zhou Rulong , Zhang Bo
Published: January 2019

The CeGaCu amorphous alloy has a good glass-forming ability and many special properties.
Dipolar coupling and molecular vibrations in ionic liquids
Authors: Burba Christopher M.
Published: January 2019

Band splitting provides information about IL liquid structure.
Three-dimensional pulsed field gradient NMR measurements of self-diffusion in anisotropic materials for energy storage applications
Authors: Engelke S. , Marbella L. E. , Trease N. M. , De Volder M. , Grey C. P.
Published: January 2019

The ability to resolve solvent in- and outside of the pores of mesoscopic porous silicon structures allows the effect of confinement on transport to be explored by 1H and 7Li PFG NMR methods and pore diameters and lengths to be estimated.
Insight into chalcogenolate-bound {Fe(NO)2}9dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs): covalent characterversusionic character
Authors: Liu Pai-Heng , Tsai Fu-Te , Chen Bo-Hao , Hsu I-Jui , Hsieh Hung-Hsi , Liaw Wen-Feng
Published: January 2019

The synthesis, characterization and transformation of the thermally unstable {Fe(NO)2}9dinitrosyl iron complex (DNIC) [(OMe)2Fe(NO)2]−(2) were investigated.
A new tri-nuclear Cu-carbonate cluster utilizing CO2 as a C1-building block – reactive intermediates, a probable mechanism, and EPR and magnetic studies
Authors: Das Biswanath , Bhadbhade Mohan , Thapper Anders , Ling Chris D. , Colbran Stephen B.
Published: January 2019

A simple copper–bipyridine complex can be used in the direct capture of atmospheric CO2 for synthesis of a useful/complex material, under appropriate reaction conditions.
Perspectives on the future of multi-dimensional platforms
Authors: Groeneveld Gino , Pirok Bob W. J. , Schoenmakers Peter J.
Published: January 2019

A practical example, the characterization of polysorbates by high-resolution comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry, is described as a culmination of recent developments in 2D-LC and as an illustration of the current state of the art.
Visible light-mediated and water-assisted selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived guaiacol to cyclohexanol
Authors: Verma Sanny , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna N. , Varma Rajender S.
Published: January 2019

Hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived guaiacol is achieved by magnetically separable bimetallic AgPd supported on carbon nitride using formic acid as H2 source; nitride support is obtainable via calcination of chitosan, a marine-derived renewable waste material.
Formation of calcium monofluoride in graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry, part 2: interference mechanisms of chloride, bromide and sulfate salts
Authors: Ozbek Nil , Akman Suleyman
Published: January 2019

In this study, the interference mechanisms of chloride, bromide and sulfate together with sodium in the determination of CaF by high resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry were investigated.
Rapid imaging, detection, and quantification of Nosema ceranae spores in honey bees using mobile phone-based fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Snow Jonathan W. , Ceylan Koydemir Hatice , Karinca Doruk Kerim , Liang Kyle , Tseng Derek , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: January 2019

Nosema ceranae detection using a mobile phone.
Metallic oxide-modified sulfated zirconia: an environment-friendly solid acid catalyst
Authors: Liu Naiwang , Wang Xin , Shi Li , Meng Xuan
Published: January 2019

Metallic oxides were introduced into the synthesis of sulfated zirconia. Catalytic activity was tested by an olefin removal reaction.
Theoretical study of synergetic effect between halogenation and pyrazine substitutions on transport properties of silylethynylated pentacene
Authors: Fan Jian-Xun , Ji Li-Fei , Zhang Ning-Xi , Lin Pan-Pan , Qin Gui-Ya , Zhang Shou-Feng , Ren Ai-Min
Published: January 2019

Combining quantum-tunneling-effect-enabled hopping theory with kinetic Monte Carlo simulation and dynamic disorder effects, the charge transport properties of a series of N-hetero 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-PEN) derivatives with halogen substitutions were studied.
Scalable synthesis of an environmentally benign graphene–sand based organic–inorganic hybrid for sulfide removal from aqueous solution: an insight into the mechanism
Authors: Achazhiyath Edathil Anjali , Hisham Zain Jerina , Abu Haija Mohammad , Banat Fawzi
Published: January 2019

In this study, a graphene–sand hybrid (GSH) was successfully synthesized from locally available desert sand and sugar using a green chemistry approach and used as an adsorbent for the removal of dissolved sulfides from aqueous solutions.
Glutathione-selective “off–on” fluorescence response by a probe-displaced modified ligand for its detection in biological domains
Authors: Parui Partha Pratim , Ray Ambarish , Das Sanju , Sarkar Yeasmin , Paul Tanaya , Roy Snigdha , Majumder Rini , Bandyopadhyay Jaya
Published: January 2019

The glutathione-induced oxidation of benzylic-alcohol into the formyl moiety in the ligand displaced from the Cu(ii)-complex exhibitsin vitroandin vivo“off–on” fluorescence responses.
Boosting CO2 electroreduction over silver nanowires modified by wet-chemical sulfidation and subsequent electrochemical de-sulfidation
Authors: Hu Liang , Zhang Yicheng , Han Weiqiang
Published: January 2019

Ag nanowires modified by wet-chemical sulfidation and subsequent electrochemical de-sulfidation possess more nanofeatures and enhanced eCO2RR performance.
Efficient enrichment of triazole fungicides from fruit and vegetable samples by a spherical porous aromatic framework
Authors: Wang Wenjin , Li Zhi , Zhang Shuaihua , Yang Xiumin , Zang Xiaohuan , Wang Chun , Wang Zhi
Published: January 2019

A porous aromatic framework was synthesized and utilized as a novel SPME coating for efficient enrichment of triazole fungicides.
An atom efficient synthesis of tamoxifen
Authors: Heijnen Dorus , van Zuijlen Milan , Tosi Filippo , Feringa Ben L.
Published: January 2019

A highly selective and atom efficient synthesis of triarylethylenes.
HFIP-promoted Michael reactions: direct para-selective C–H activation of anilines with maleimides
Authors: Li Bang , Mao Qi , Zhou Jia , Liu Feng , Ye Na
Published: January 2019

Diversified 3-aryl succinimide derivatives are efficiently and selectively prepared from various N,N-disubstituted anilines and maleimides under facile metal-free conditions.
Total synthesis of (±)-galanthamine from GABA through regioselective aryne insertion
Authors: Venkatesh Telugu , Mainkar Prathama S. , Chandrasekhar Srivari
Published: January 2019

The total synthesis of (±)-galanthamine is achieved in ∼5% overall yield using a key regioselective aryne insertion reaction into a GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) derivative.
Tetraphenylethene-based tetracationic cyclophanes and their selective recognition for amino acids and adenosine derivatives in water
Authors: Cheng Lin , Zhang Haiyang , Dong Yunhong , Zhao Yanxia , Yu Yang , Cao Liping
Published: January 2019

Tetracationic cyclophane 1 with a trapezoid-like cavity exhibited highly-selective recognition for tryptophan and ATP through electrostatic and π–π interactions in water.
A base-free terminal thorium phosphinidene metallocene and its reactivity toward selected organic molecules
Authors: Zhang Congcong , Hou Guohua , Zi Guofu , Walter Marc D.
Published: January 2019

Small molecule activation mediated by a base-free terminal phosphinidene thorium metallocene is reported.
Non-thermal emission resulting from a supernova explosion inside an extragalactic jet
Authors: Vieyro F. L. , Bosch-Ramon V. , Torres-Albà N.
Published: January 2019

Context. Core-collapse supernovae are found in galaxies with ongoing star-formation. In a starburst galaxy hosting an active galactic nucleus with a relativistic jet, supernovae can take place inside the jet. The collision of the supernova ejecta with the jet flow is expected to lead to the formation of an interaction region, in which particles can be accelerated and produce high-energy emission.

Aims. We study the non-thermal radiation produced by electrons accelerated as a result of a supernova explosion inside the jet of an active galactic nucleus within a star-forming galaxy.

Methods. We first analyzed the dynamical evolution of the supernova ejecta impacted by the jet. Then, we explored the parameter space using simple prescriptions for the observed gamma-ray lightcurve. Finally, the synchrotron and the inverse Compton spectral energy distributions for two types of sources, a radio galaxy and a powerful blazar, are computed.

Results. For a radio galaxy, the interaction between a supernova and a jet of power ∼1043 − 1044 erg s−1 can produce apparent gamma-ray luminosities of ∼1042 − 1043 erg s−1, with an event duty cycle of supernova remnant interacting with the jet close to one for one galaxy. For a blazar with a powerful jet of ∼1046 erg s−1, the jet-supernova ejecta interaction could produce apparent gamma-ray luminosities of ∼1043 − 1044 erg s−1, but with a much lower duty cycle.

Conclusions. The interaction of supernovae with misaligned jets of moderate power can be relatively frequent, and can result in steady gamma-ray emission potentially detectable for sources in the local universe. For powerful blazars much farther away, the emission would be steady as well, and it might be detectable under very efficient acceleration, but the events would be rather infrequent.
Evolutionary models of cold and low-mass planets: cooling curves, magnitudes, and detectability
Authors: Linder Esther F. , Mordasini Christoph , Mollière Paul , Marleau Gabriel-Dominique , Malik Matej , Quanz Sascha P. , Meyer Michael R.
Published: January 2019

Context.Future instruments like the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and the Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on theJames WebbSpace Telescope (JWST) or the Mid-Infrared E-ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) at the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) will be able to image exoplanets that are too faint (because they have a low mass, and hence a small size or low effective temperature) for current direct imaging instruments. On the theoretical side, core accretion formation models predict a significant population of low-mass and/or cool planets at orbital distances of ~10–100 au.

Aims.Evolutionary models predicting the planetary intrinsic luminosity as a function of time have traditionally concentrated on gas-dominated giant planets. We extend these cooling curves to Saturnian and Neptunian planets.

Methods.We simulated the cooling of isolated core-dominated and gas giant planets with masses of 5M⊕–2M♃. The planets consist of a core made of iron, silicates, and ices surrounded by a H/He envelope, similar to the ice giants in the solar system. The luminosity includes the contribution from the cooling and contraction of the core and of the H/He envelope, as well as radiogenic decay. For the atmosphere we used grey,AMES-Cond,petitCODE, andHELIOSmodels. We considered solar and non-solar metallicities as well as cloud-free and cloudy atmospheres. The most important initial conditions, namely the core-to-envelope-mass ratio and the initial (i.e. post formation) luminosity are taken from planet formation simulations based on the core accretion paradigm.

Results.We first compare our cooling curves for Uranus, Neptune, Jupiter, Saturn, GJ 436b, and a 5M⊕planet with a 1% H/He envelope with other evolutionary models. We then present the temporal evolution of planets with masses between 5M⊕and 2M♃in terms of their luminosity, effective temperature, radius, and entropy. We discuss the impact of different post formation entropies. For the different atmosphere types and initial conditions, magnitudes in various filter bands between 0.9 and 30 micrometer wavelength are provided.

Conclusions.Using blackbody fluxes and non-grey spectra, we estimate the detectability of such planets with JWST. We found that a 20 (100)M⊕planet can be detected with JWST in the background limit up to an age of about 10 (100) Myr with NIRCam and MIRI, respectively.
Super-Keplerian equatorial outflows in SS 433
Authors: Waisberg Idel , Dexter Jason , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier , Dubus Guillaume , Perraut Karine
Published: January 2019

Context. The microquasar SS 433 is the only known steady supercritical accretor in the Galaxy. It is well-known for its relativistic baryonic jets, but the system also drives equatorial outflows. These have been routinely detected in radio images, and components associated with a circumbinary disk have also been suggested in optical emission lines.

Aims. We aim to spatially resolve the regions producing the stationary emission lines of SS 433 to shed light on its circumbinary structure and outflows. With an estimated binary orbit size of ≲0.1 mas, this requires optical interferometry.

Methods. We use the optical interferometer VLTI+GRAVITY to spatially resolve SS 433 in the near-infraredKband at high spectral resolution (R ≈ 4000) on three nights in July 2017. This is the second such observation, after the first one in July 2016.

Results. The stationary Brγline in the 2017 observation is clearly dominated by an extended ∼1 mas ∼ 5 AU circumbinary structure perpendicular to the jets with a strong rotation component. The rotation direction is retrograde relative to the jet precession, in accordance with the slaved disk precession model. The structure has a very high specific angular momentum and is too extended to be a stable circumbinary disk in Keplerian rotation; interpreting it as such leads to a very high enclosed massM ≳ 400 M⊙. We instead interpret it as the centrifugal ejection of the circumbinary disk, with the implication that there must be an efficient transfer of specific angular momentum from the binary to the disk. We suggest that the equatorial outflows sometimes seen in radio images result from similar episodes of circumbinary disk centrifugal ejection. In addition to the equatorial structure, we find a very extended ∼6 mas ∼ 30 AU spherical wind component to the Brγline: the entire binary is engulfed in an optically thin spherical line emission envelope.
Cometary topography and phase darkening
Authors: Vincent J.-B.
Published: January 2019

Aims. Cometary surfaces can change significantly and rapidly as a result of the sublimation of their volatile material. Many authors have investigated this evolution; topographic data from all comets visited by spacecrafts have been used previously to derive a quantitative model that relates large-scale roughness (i.e. topography) with the evolution state of the nucleus for Jupiter-family comets (JFCs). Ground-based observers have published measurements of the phase functions of many JFCs and reported a trend in the phase darkening, with primitive objects showing a stronger darkening than evolved objects.

Methods. We used a numerical implementation of this previous topographic description to build virtual comets and measure the phase darkening induced by the different levels of macro-roughness. We then compared our model with other published values.

Results. We find that pure geometric effects such as self-shadowing can represent up to 22% of the darkening that is observed for more primitive objects, and 15% for evolved surfaces. This shows that although physical and chemical properties remain the main contributor to the phase darkening, the additional effect of the topography cannot be neglected.
Akute Entzündungen in der Zahn-Mund-Kiefer-Heilkunde
Authors: Schule Roland
Published: January 2019

Nach den altbekannten Regeln der Pathohistologie laufen akute Entzündun gesetzmäßig ab. Auslöser einer Reaktion in diesem Sinne können mechanische, physikalische, chemische, thermische und psychische Faktoren sein. Überschreitet der einwirkende Reiz eine bestimmte Schwelle, so reagiert das biologische System mit nachfolgenden Zellreaktionen. Der erhöhte Blutdruck sorgt für vermehrten Antransport von Abwehrzellen und Reparaturbausteinen. Es kommt zu Infiltration und Sekretion. Die Folge sind lokale Zeichen und Empfindungen, die wir in der Kaskade zusammenfassen: Dolor, Rubor, Calor, Tumor. Diese schematische Beschreibung einer akuten Entzündung deckt sich komplett mit den in der Homöopathie gelehrten „akuten Krankheiten“, selbst die Causa als Beginn einer Erkrankung wird hier vorgestellt. Bei den akuten Behandlungen in der Zahn-Mund- und Kieferheilkunde (ZMK) finden wir diese Phänomene in allen Gewebebereichen – Zahnnerv, Kieferknochen, Schleimhäuten und Zahnbett, Kiefergelenk und Kaumuskulatur. Im folgenden Beitrag werden 3 ausgewählte Kasuistiken vorgestellt, die alle aufgrund zahnmedizinischer Diagnose nach den Regeln der ZMK unter homöopathischer Begleitung behandelt werden.
Influenza und das Symptomenlexikon
Authors: Rohrer Anton
Published: January 2019

Wie erfolgreich die homöopathische Behandlung bei Influenza ist, zeigen 3 Fallberichte. Durch die Gabe der passenden Arznei konnte innerhalb von 2 Tagen eine deutliche Verbesserung der Beschwerdesymptomatik wahrgenommen werden.
Was ist „konservativ“?
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: January 2019

Was ist eigentlich „konservativ“? Im lateinischen Wortsinn bedeutet konservativ „bewahrend“. In der politischen Sphäre bezieht sich der Begriff auf 1. die Erhaltung von materiellen und immateriellen Gütern, 2. den Glauben an die Unvollkommenheit der menschlichen Natur, 3. die Betonung der großen Bedeutung von menschlicher Kultur und 4. eine Abwehr von revolutionären Tendenzen 1. „Liberal“ bedeutet dem gegenüber im Wortsinn „freiheitlich“.
Exenatide Delays Gastric Emptying in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus but not in Those with Gastroparetic Conditions
Authors: Beti Christelle , Stratmann Bernd , Bokman Georgy , Dreier Jens , Hauber Michael , Lee-Barkey Young , Fischer Manfred , Knabbe Cornelius , Tschoepe Diethelm
Published: January 2019

The effect of the treatment with glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists on gastric emptying in patients with diabetes with and without gastroparesis is analysed. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus subjected to GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy with exenatide were examined before and shortly after initiation of treatment. Gastric half-emptying time was determined by 13C-octanoic breath test; routine laboratory parameter as well as active GLP-1, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide levels were determined in fasting state as well as postprandial secretion within 1 h after a standardised meal. Thirty patients’ data sets were available for evaluation, of those 20 patients had no gastroparesis and 10 patients showed pathological results following the breath test. Gastric half-emptying time was prolonged in nearly all patients who presented without gastroparesis at initiation of treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists, only 2 patients with pre-existing mild gastroparesis had worsening of gastric emptying. No effect was detected on leptin and ghrelin levels. Postprandial GLP-1 concentrations measured as AUC after meal decreased significantly. Fasting insulin and C-peptide levels increased significantly without effect on postprandial levels. Proinsulin levels – fasting as well as AUC – decreased non-significantly. Patients reported comparable perception of therapeutic effects. Treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists may be applied in patients with pre-existing gastroparesis; no effect in terms of worsening of symptoms compared to those without gastroparesis was detected. Patients reported outcome was independent from underlying gastroparesis. Negative effects on gastric emptying were only detected in patients without or with mild gastroparesis.
Kombinierte Immuncheckpoint-Inhibition bei inoperablem Gingivamelanom
Authors: Neumann M. , Ruppel E. , Unger S. , Zahn A. , Ludwig-Peitsch W.
Published: January 2019

Schleimhautmelanome sind seltene Formen von Melanomen mit einer ungünstigen Prognose. Bei Fehlen von therapierelevanten Mutationen und Inoperabilität stellt die Therapie mit Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren eine aussichtsreiche Option dar. Die Kombination aus dem PD-1-Antikörper Nivolumab und dem CTLA4-Antikörper Ipilimumab ist effektiver, jedoch auch erheblich toxischer als die Monotherapie mit PD-1-Antikörpern. Wir berichten über eine 57-jährige Patientin mit einem lymphogen metastasierten inoperablen Gingivamelanom im Stadium IIID, die mit einer Kombination aus Nivolumab und Ipilimumab behandelt wurde und hierunter multiple autoimmunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen einschließlich eines Schubs einer rheumatoiden Arthritis, einer Autoimmunkolitis, einer Autoimmunthyreoiditis und einer Autoimmunhepatitis entwickelte. Diese konnten mithilfe von systemischen Steroiden und symptomatischer Therapie beherrscht werden und es konnte eine anhaltende partielle Remission bei guter Lebensqualität erzielt werden. Unser Fall liefert ein Beispiel für den erfolgreichen Einsatz von Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren bei seltenen Melanom-Entitäten, veranschaulicht jedoch auch die Bedeutung von intensivem Monitoring besonders bei Patienten mit zugrunde liegenden Autoimmunerkrankungen.
Hydrogen production efficiency and microbial community of ethanol-type fermentation
Authors: Li Qiaoyan , Lv Yunhan , Ding Rui , Wang Luning , Ren Nanqi , Wei Li , Li Yongfeng
Published: January 2019

The hydrogen production efficiency and microbial community of ethanol-type fermentation were investigated in this experiment. An internal circulation (IC) reactor was used to produce hydrogen with molasses wastewater as a substrate. The IC system was started up at the organic load rate of 8 kg COD/m3 day and the hydraulic retention time of 6 h. The stable ethanol-type fermentation was achieved on Day 32; a maximum hydrogen production rate of 1.72 l/l day was obtained on Day 39 with the hydrogen content of 65.42%. The microbial diversity of the microorganisms in the enrichment phase (L1) and the ethanol-type fermentation phase (L5) was analyzed based on the high-throughput sequencing of the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 14 009 effective sequences and 426 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from L1, which were classified into 226 genera from 19 phyla. The dominant genus was Propionibacterium with the relative abundance of 50.62%, and the dominant microorganism was Propionibacterium_unclassified with the relative abundance of 44.5%. In the L5, a total of 12 206 effective sequences and 416 OTUs were obtained, including 20 phyla, of which Firmicutes accounted for 55%; 230 genera, of which Propionibacterium accounted for 50.26% of the total abundance; and 338 species, of which Lactobacillus_unclassified accounted for 20.32% of the total abundance.
Intermodulation spectroscopy as an alternative to pump-probe for the measurement of fast dynamics at the nanometer scale
Authors: Borgani Riccardo , Haviland David B.
Published: January 2019

We present an alternative approach to pump-probe spectroscopy for measuring fast charge dynamics with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Our approach is based on coherent multifrequency lock-in measurement of the intermodulation between a mechanical drive and an optical or electrical excitation. In response to the excitation, the charge dynamics of the sample is reconstructed by fitting a theoretical model to the measured frequency spectrum of the electrostatic force near resonance of the AFM cantilever. We discuss the time resolution, which in theory is limited only by the measurement time, but in practice is of order 1 ns for standard cantilevers and imaging speeds. We verify the method with simulations and demonstrate it with a control experiment, achieving a time resolution of 30 ns in ambient conditions, limited by thermal noise.
System for control of polarization state of light and generation of light with continuously rotating linear polarization
Authors: Włodarczyk P. , Pustelny S. , Budker D.
Published: January 2019

We present a technique for generating light in an arbitrary polarization state. The technique is based on interference of two orthogonally polarized light beams, whose amplitudes and phases are controlled with a Mach-Zehnder inteferometer with acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) placed in each arm. We demonstrate that via control over amplitudes, phases, and frequencies of acoustic waves driving the AOMs, any polarization state can be synthesized. In particular, we demonstrate generation of linearly polarized light, whose polarization plane continuously rotates at a rate from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. Such light finds applications in science (e.g., investigations of Bloch-Siegert effect) and technology (optically pumped magnetometers).
Distributed opto-mechanical analysis of liquids outside standard fibers coated with polyimide
Authors: Diamandi Hilel Hagai , London Yosef , Bashan Gil , Zadok Avi
Published: January 2019

The analysis of surrounding media has been a long-standing challenge of optical fiber sensors. Measurements are difficult due to the confinement of light to the inner core of standard fibers. Over the last two years, new sensor concepts have enabled the analysis of liquids outside the cladding boundary, where light does not reach. Sensing is based on opto-mechanical, forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (F-SBS) interactions between guided light and sound waves. In most previous studies, however, the protective polymer coating of the fiber had to be removed first. In this work, we report the opto-mechanical analysis of liquids outside commercially available, standard single-mode fibers with polyimide coating. The polyimide layer provides mechanical protection but can also transmit acoustic waves from the fiber cladding toward outside media. The comprehensive analysis of opto-mechanical coupling in coated fibers that are immersed in liquid is provided. The model shows that F-SBS spectra in coated fibers are more complex than those of bare fibers and strongly depend on the exact coating diameter and the choice of acoustic mode. Nevertheless, sensing outside coated fibers is demonstrated experimentally. Integrated measurements over 100 m of fiber clearly distinguish between air, ethanol, and water outside polyimide coating. Measured spectra are in close quantitative agreement with the analytic predictions. Furthermore, distributed opto-mechanical time-domain reflectometry mapping of water and ethanol outside coated fiber is reported, with a spatial resolution of 100 m. The results represent a large step toward practical opto-mechanical fiber sensors.
Full-f gyrokinetic simulation of turbulence in a helical open-field-line plasma
Authors: Shi E. L. , Hammett G. W. , Stoltzfus-Dueck T. , Hakim A.
Published: January 2019

Curvature-driven turbulence in a helical open-field-line plasma is investigated using electrostatic five-dimensional gyrokinetic continuum simulations in an all-bad-curvature helical-slab geometry. Parameters for a National Spherical Torus Experiment scrape-off-layer plasma are used in the model. The formation and convective radial transport of plasma blobs is observed, and it is shown that the radial particle-transport levels are several times higher than diffusive Bohm-transport estimates. By reducing the strength of the poloidal magnetic field, the profile of the heat flux to the divertor plate is observed to broaden.
From 2D to 3D: Graphene molding for transparent and flexible probes
Authors: Lee Martin , Vuong Thai-An , Whiteway Eric , Capaldi Xavier , Zhang Yuning , Reisner Walter , Ruiz-Vargas Carlos S. , Hilke Michael
Published: January 2019

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been widely adopted as the most scalable method to obtain single layer graphene. Incorporating CVD graphene in planar devices can be performed via well-established wet transfer methods or thermal adhesive release. Nevertheless, for applications involving 3D shapes, methods adopted for planar surfaces provide only a crude solution if a continuous, tear-free, wrinkle-free graphene layer is required. In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of Polydimethylsiloxane-supported 3D graphene probes. To accommodate 3D geometries, we perform CVD on catalysts possessing a non-trivial 3D topology, serving to mold the grown graphene to a final non-trivial 3D shape. This advance overcomes challenges observed in standard transfer processes that can result in uneven coverage, wrinkles, and tears. To demonstrate the potential of our different transfer approach, we apply it to fabricate graphene electrical probes. Graphene, due to its flexibility, transparency, and conductivity, is an ideal material with which conventional metal based probes can be replaced. In particular, with a contact impedance on the order of 10 kΩ, our graphene probes may find applications, such as in electrophysiology studies.
Radiation friction force effects on electron dynamics in ultra-intensity laser pulse
Authors: Zhang Yanzeng , Krasheninnikov Sergei
Published: January 2019

The electron dynamics in the ultra-high intensity laser pulse with radiation friction force in the Landau-Lifshitz form are studied. It is demonstrated that widely used approximation, where only the term dominating the dissipation of electron kinetic energy is retained in the expression for the radiation friction, is incorrect for the case of diverging electron trajectories. As a matter of fact, for large friction force effects, all components of the radiation friction force in the Landau-Lifshitz form have the same order in the equation of motion for electron trajectories, being equally important for both electron trajectory and thus energy gain in the case of diverging electron trajectories (e.g., determined by the superposition of few electromagnetic waves).
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with integrated impedance-matching taper
Authors: Zhu Di , Colangelo Marco , Korzh Boris A. , Zhao Qing-Yuan , Frasca Simone , Dane Andrew E. , Velasco Angel E. , Beyer Andrew D. , Allmaras Jason P. , Ramirez Edward , Strickland William J. , Santavicca Daniel F. , Shaw Matthew D. , Berggren Karl K.
Published: January 2019

Conventional readout of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) sets an upper bound on the output voltage to be the product of the bias current and the load impedance, IB × Zload, where Zload is limited to 50 Ω in standard r.f. electronics. Here, we break this limit by interfacing the 50 Ω load and the SNSPD using an integrated superconducting transmission line taper. The taper is a transformer that effectively loads the SNSPD with high impedance without latching. At the expense of reduced maximum counting rate, it increases the amplitude of the detector output while preserving the fast rising edge. Using a taper with a starting width of 500 nm, we experimentally observed a 3.6× higher pulse amplitude, 3.7× faster slew rate, and 25.1 ps smaller timing jitter. The results match our numerical simulation, which incorporates both the hotspot dynamics in the SNSPD and the distributed nature in the transmission line taper. The taper studied here may become a useful tool to interface high-impedance superconducting nanowire devices to conventional low-impedance circuits.
Tunable polarization singularity array enabled using superposition of vector curvilinear beams
Authors: Chang Chenliang , Li Lin , Gao Yuan , Nie Shouping , Ren Zhi-Cheng , Ding Jianping , Wang Hui-Tian
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we present an approach for creating a polarization singularity array (PSA) along a curvilinear structure by exploring a scheme of coaxially superposing pre-designed component vector beams. Each component vector beam independently and azimuthally modulates inhomogeneous polarization distribution based on a combination of holographic beam shaping techniques and vector beam generation schemes such that the polarization singularity lattice arranged in a tunable curvilinear structure and locations appear after the superposition of component vector beams. The proposed PSA is proven optically in the vector beam generator system, which is based on a multiplex computer-generated hologram.
Nonlinear propagation equations in fibers with multiple modes—Transitions between representation bases
Authors: Antonelli C. , Mecozzi A. , Shtaif M. , Winzer P. J.
Published: January 2019

The transverse pattern of the field that propagates in a fiber supporting multiple modes can always be described as a superposition of the patterns of the individual fiber modes. Yet, the use of other bases is often found to be more convenient, with the most famous example being that of linearly polarized modes in weakly guiding fibers. The nonlinear propagation equations contain coefficients that involve overlap integrals between the lateral profiles of multiple propagation modes. A fundamental question that has been raised in this context is whether it is legitimate to compute these coefficients from the overlap integrals between elements of alternative bases for the field representation. In this paper, we show that the answer to this question is positive in the most general sense. This result is significant in the context of space-division multiplexed transmission in multi-mode and multi-core fibers.
Coated optical fibers as opto-mechanical sensors
Authors: Jaycen Amelia
Published: January 2019

New model details Brillouin scattering interactions between light and sound waves in polyimide-coated fiber for detecting liquids outside the cladding boundary.
Negotiating digital surveillance legislation in post-Snowden times
Authors: Tiainen Minna
Published: January 2019

In the digital era, when security agencies world-wide have been challenging basic democratic principles with
massive data gathering, Finland has had a different approach: it has conducted no large-scale surveillance of citizens’ online
activities. Now, however, the country is planning such a vast expansion of state surveillance that the constitution itself must be
altered. The present article examines one key point in this legislative process to see how the new surveillance measures are
argued for and criticized, and how the differing points of view are negotiated to ultimately enable political action. Drawing
particularly on Fairclough and Fairclough’s (2012) approach to argumentation in
political discourse, the article finds that surveillance is promoted as essential for national security, and criticized especially
for its economic risks, consequences for civil rights and questionable effectiveness. Despite this range of critical perspectives,
only economic considerations become a topic of extended deliberation.
How well can intelligibility of closely related languages in Europe be predicted by linguistic and non-linguistic
variables?
Authors: Gooskens Charlotte , Heuven Vincent J. van
Published: January 2019

We measured mutual intelligibility of 16 closely related spoken languages in Europe. Intelligibility was
determined for all 70 language combinations using the same uniform methodology (a cloze test). We analysed the results of 1833
listeners representing the mutual intelligibility between young, educated Europeans from the same 16 countries.

Lexical, phonological, orthographic, morphological and syntactic distances were computed as linguistic variables.
We also quantified non-linguistic variables (e.g. exposure, attitudes towards the test languages). Using stepwise regression
analysis the importance of linguistic and non-linguistic predictors for the mutual intelligibility in the 70 language pairs was
assessed.

Exposure to the test language was the most important variable, overriding all other variables. Then, limiting the
analysis to the prediction of inherent intelligibility, we analysed the results for a subset of listeners with no or little
previous exposure to the test language. Linguistic distances, especially lexical distance, now explain a substantial part of the
variance.
Lexical expansion in Ghanaian English from a diachronic perspective
Authors: Brato Thorsten
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides a real-time structural and semantic analysis of lexical expansion in the Nativization phase of Ghanaian English based on the Historical Corpus of English in Ghana (HiCE Ghana) and the written-printed sections of the Ghanaian component of ICE. Taking a comprehensive list of previously attested ‘Ghanaianisms’ – innovative lexical items of English and local origin – as a starting point, the paper shows that traditional word-formation processes like derivation or compounding play only a subordinate role and that semantic shift is the most important process used in both periods. While the corpora are comparatively small for lexical research, the results still provide a useful starting point to better our understanding of how Ghanaian English has evolved over the past 40 years.
Semiotic signature of transformation in a diachronic corpus of a South African political party
Authors: Antia Bassey E. , Hendricks Tamsyn
Published: January 2019

Corpus analysis has become established as an approach to the study of language description or for applied pursuits in language teaching, terminology, and so on. However, because of the social indexicalities of language use, corpora can also inform studies of social phenomena. This chapter draws on social semiotics to argue that, in the analysis of social phenomena, meanings that are socially significant can be read not only from what is said in corpora, but also from a range of other resources, such as names of persons and places as well as language choices made in texts. This chapter thus uses two heuristics, onomastics and discursive mono-/multilingualism, to query a diachronic corpus associated with a South African political party for evidence of whether or not the party has over time become more inclusive, contrary to its discursive positioning by a rival party as an untransformed organisation. The analysis shows evidence of the party opening up to diversity in terms of race, gender, geography, and language choice, but the finding raises the question of the relationship between semiotic evidence and reality.
A comparison of the internal stresses in a transformation-induced plasticity-assisted steel and a twinning-induced plasticity steel
Authors: Gil Sevillano Javier , de las Cuevas Fernando
Published: January 2019

An analysis of the loading–unloading behaviour of tensile tests was performed in a transformation-induced plasticity-assisted (TRIP-assisted) steel, duplex high Mn steel (22% Mn–3% Al–3% Si) for a wide range of grain sizes, D. The Bauschinger effect observed during unloading was so strong that plastic deformation was detected before complete unloading was reached. In addition, the yield stress, [Formula: see text], or the flow stress, [Formula: see text], are related to the grain size according to the Hall–Petch relationship. This behaviour was compared with a twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP), steel (22% Mn–0.6% C). The high levels of internal stresses obtained in both steels can be rationalised on account of the reinforcement of the austenitic matrix by the increasing volume fraction of ϵ-martensite or deformation twins of nanometric thickness.
No Idle Threat: Exploring Threats and Violence in Persons with Mental Illness
Authors: Mitchell Melanie , Palk Gavan , Kavanagh David
Published: January 2019

Violent threats are common and, in the majority of cases, innocuous expressions of emotion. However, some threats result in violence and mental illness is a predictor for threat-related violence (TRV). This study aimed to explore threats and the precursors to TRV. A sample of 236 Australian threateners in the civil psychiatric system was obtained from incident reports. Violence risk factors, threat content and rates of TRV were explored via univariate analysis and logistic regression. Fifty-five percent of the threats resulted in violence with 64% of violence occurring within 24 hours of the threat. Threateners who were violence had higher rates of intellectual disability and active symptoms post-threat. Previous violence did not differentiate threateners who engaged in TRV. Regression analysis revealed that intellectual impairment, age, mental disorder symptoms, treatment adherence, and no substance use accounted for 46% of variance in TRV. While this research has limitations, it highlights that threats can serve as a warning of future violence in some cases and identifies potential indicators for threat assessment.