bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coastal surface soil carbon stocks have distinctly increased under extensive ecological restoration in northern China
Authors: Chi Yuan , Liu Dahai , Gao Jianhua , Sun Jingkuan , Zhang Zhiwei , Xing Wenxiu , Qu Yubing , Ma Xuejian , Zha Bian
Published: October 2023

Coastal soil carbon stock is critical owing to the coexistence of terrestrial and marine carbon sinks and undergoes drastic changes under complex factors. Here we conduct surface soil organic carbon (SOC) stock mapping in northern China’s coastal areas in 2020 and 2010 based on large-scale field survey, remote sensing, and land cover data. Our results indicate that a 100 m resolution is the optimum mapping resolution for its good simulation accuracy and precise spatial details. The surface SOC stock and density in 2020 increased by 39.19% and 37.82%, respectively, compared with those in 2010 under extensive ecological restoration. The SOC densities of forests, grasslands, croplands, wetlands, and built-up areas increased by 72.58%, 74.25%, 41.39%, 4.58%, and 26.30% from 2010 to 2020, respectively. The study determines the optimum mapping resolution and denotes the positive effects of ecological restoration on coastal soil carbon.
The Circular Economy in Low- and Middle-income Countries – A Tool for Sustainable Development?
Authors: Webster Mike
Published: October 2023

Low- and Middle-income Countries (LMICs) rest at the lower end of the waste management developmental scale: self-managed waste, uncontrolled dumping and open burning, limited treatment facilities, weaker institutions and governance, and a low priority for financing. Conversely, many indicators are better in LMICs than in the Global North – lower consumption, lower levels of waste arisings, higher recycling rates and a productive informal reuse and repair sector – characteristics of sustainable resource use and of value retention/creation in a circular economy. Striving towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 1, 6, 8, 11 and 12 is, among other enablers, contingent on developing sustainable waste and resource management systems based on the principles of the circular economy. The developmental challenge in LMICs is to formalise and strengthen infrastructure, institutional capacity and waste retribution systems, while retaining the LMIC’s existing circular economy characteristics – decoupling waste generation, incorporating the informal sector, improving skills and education, and maintaining a thriving repair and reuse sector. Concomitant benefits include raised living standards, improved public health, decent and inclusive employment and prevention of environmental discharges. Case studies from Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria, India and Indonesia identify where meaningful interventions can be made, fundamental to enjoying the wider benefits of a circular economy.
The Circular Economy, Responsible Consumption and the Consumer
Authors: Choi Hyeong-Jin , Rhee Seung-Whee
Published: October 2023

The rising generation of municipal solid waste has led to global environmental problems such as open dumping, uncontrolled incineration, marine pollution and global warming. In order to overcome these problems and to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 12 (Responsible production and consumption), the concept of a circular economy has gained attention. The role and responsibility of consumers in a circular economy society is crucial to conserve resources and consume environmentally friendly products. In order for consumers to realise responsible consumption, strategies in each stage of the circular economy such as purchasing, waste reduction and reuse, and collection for recycling of waste must be established. Strategies for responsible consumption at the purchasing stage include legal restrictions, economic measures and promotion of appropriate consumption practices. At the discharge stage for waste reduction and reuse, a Volume-based Rate System (VBRS) and separate discharge system can be implemented. Since consumers in island regions may not be able to properly discharge waste, an appropriate collection system must be established to fulfil consumer responsibilities. For these strategies to succeed, six factors should be considered: clear policy targets, allocation of responsibilities by stakeholders, awareness, transparency of information, communication and building infrastructure.
Construction and the Built Environment
Authors: Mhatre-Shah Purva , Ncube Amos
Published: October 2023

Adoption of the circular economy (CE) in the construction and built environment sector has the potential to improve the sector’s environmental performance, enabling economic and social benefits across communities and regions, ultimately to facilitate achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The incorporation of CE strategies builds on multidimensional elements across the life cycle of construction projects, including efficient design; product longevity through regular repair and maintenance, and with the use of durable materials; reuse, recycling, and remanufacture of components and resources from obsolete buildings; and designing for disassembly. The adoption of a CE has a direct positive impact on SDGs 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, and 17. The remaining seven SDGs are impacted indirectly by CE practices, for example by generating more employment opportunities, resulting in economic development with concomitant social benefits. To further embed CE and closed-loop practices requires supporting initiatives: stakeholder coordination across the supply and value chains, capacity building and knowledge sharing among different stakeholders, using material flow analysis or material stock assessment for traceability information on resources across the life-cycle stages of different structures, and deploying artificial intelligence (AI) or blockchain technology for resource modelling, with life-cycle assessment techniques applied to minimize overall environmental impacts.
Sensors and Biosensors: Types and Sensing Mechanisms
Authors: Nie Lei , Okoro Oseweuba Valentine , Ding Peng , Wang Ling , Han Yanting , Shavandi Amin
Published: October 2023

Sensors have played a significant role in many aspects of human life, and biosensors have been widely used in the biomedical and food industries. Various sensors can measure different parameters, including displacement, force, pressure, and strain. Biosensors, as integrated receptor–transducer devices, can convert changes in biological processes into electrical signals. In this chapter, different types of sensors and biosensors are explored. Specifically, recent breakthroughs in the application of biosensors in the biomedical industry are summarized, such as biosensors that are wearable, enzymatic, micro fluidic, bioresorbable, metal oxides, electrochemical, etc. Furthermore, the main mechanisms of fabrication of sensors and biosensors are summarized. In addition, the main challenges involved in sensors and biosensors are discussed. This chapter not only describes the improvement and optimization of sensors and biosensors, but also highlights the beneficial uses for the next generation of sensors and biosensors in many fields.
Graphene-based Nanocomposites as Aptasensors
Authors: Zalpour Neda , Roushani Mahmoud
Published: October 2023

Nanomaterials based on graphene have been widely used to create a variety of biosensors for biological diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Interest in the creation of speedy, accurate, reproducible, sensitive, and low-cost biosensors, such as those used for in situ analyte monitoring, characterizing the binding affinity or biodistribution of particular compounds, or comprehending the in vivo kinetics of biomolecular interactions, is expanding. Due to the distinct molecular recognition and biocompatibility of aptamers, their combination with graphene to create nanocomposites has increased the sensitivity and selectivity of the manufactured biosensors. In this chapter, we describe current developments in the designing, production, and application of graphene nanocomposite-based aptasensors in various fields of sensing. The standard research on the fluorescent, colorimetric, electrochemical, electrochemiluminescent, photoelectrochemical, surface Raman scattering, and field effect transistor sensing of DNA, proteins, enzymes, small molecules, ions, and others is highlighted and described. There are two major sections in the forthcoming chapter. In the first section, various types of surface functionalization strategies for 2D nanomaterial-based graphene aptasensors are reviewed. In the second section, different types of graphene-based aptasensors and their application in the sensing of DNA, hemin, dopamine, heavy metals, bacteria, pesticides, and Covid-19 are investigated in detail.
Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Glucose Sensing
Authors: Adhikari Juthi , Arshad Fareeha , Zakaria Siti Nurul Azian , Ahmed Minhaz Uddin
Published: October 2023

Diabetes has become a global health concern because of an increase in diabetic individuals and the resultant millions of deaths that occur annually. Diabetic patients require constant glucose monitoring and maintenance to manage their health. Several nanomaterials have been employed in glucose monitoring sensors, including metal-based nanomaterials like gold, silver, platinum, and palladium or carbon-based nanomaterials like graphene and its derivatives and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, among several others. Graphene is an extremely versatile nanomaterial exhibiting a unique chemical structure with outstanding electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties that make it an ideal candidate for developing and designing biosensors for multiple applications. Moreover, graphene also possesses excellent electrochemical conductivity and a large surface area that allows for the developing of nanoscale biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and sensitivity. Several techniques and tools, including electrochemical, optical, amperometric, fluorescence and colorimetric, have been employed to detect blood glucose levels accurately. These techniques aim to ensure quick, inexpensive, and effective detection of blood insulin levels in diabetic patients. In this chapter, techniques using graphene-based nanocomposites for successful glucose monitoring and sensing are compiled.
Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Amino Acid Sensing
Authors: Manoj Devaraj , Rajendran Saravanan , Murphy Manoharan , Marimuthu Mohana
Published: October 2023

Thanks to the intriguing thermal, electrical and mechanical properties offered by graphene by which the potential applications now extend over a wide range, from electronic devices to wearable patches. For biosensor development, in particular, various graphene-based composites have been fruitfully used in different forms, e.g. as electrode substrates, molecular hybrids, patterned films and biocompatible platforms. In the past couple of years, a significant number of reports have been devoted to graphene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical sensing of small biomolecules such as amino acids. Because of its outstanding conductivity, hydrophilicity, abundant functional groups, large surface area, and high chemical and thermal stability, graphene-based nanocomposites as electrode supports can act as a conductive platform for signal improvement for single amino acids or for two or more amino acids simultaneously. Therefore, it is essential for researchers to acknowledge the recent design and developments of graphene-based nanocomposites for sensing amino acids and derived neurotransmitters. The present chapter aims to highlight the importance of amino acids and their role in the human body and the various analytical methods employed for their effective detection. We will also highlight the reports on various graphene-based nanocomposites as electrode materials for the sensing of various amino acids such as cysteine, tryptophan and tyrosine. Finally, we will also conclude the chapter with remarks and perspectives for future development of smart sensing devices.
Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Hormone Detection
Authors: Ilie-Mihai R.-M. , Gheorghe D.-C. , Stefan-van Staden R.-I.
Published: October 2023

Hormones serve important roles in many physiological processes, such as stress adaption, blood pressure regulation, reproductive cycles, and even body odor, making their monitoring of great importance. The functioning of particular cells and organs in the human body is regulated and controlled by hormones at incredibly low levels. A variety of disorders can be brought on by an imbalance in hormones. Tools for detecting hormones have therefore been developed, notably in the recent decade. As a result, efforts have been made to create a very sensitive instrument capable of detecting the minute amounts of hormones needed to regulate and govern human metabolism. Common methods of detection need extensive time and resources to set up and analyze. Since electrochemical techniques often outperform more conventional, time-consuming methods (such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) regarding sensitiveness, selectivity, and effectiveness in a short amount of time, they have become the preferred methods for hormone sensing. This chapter’s focus is on the use of graphene-nanocomposites in the electrochemical detection of several hormones. Numerous electroanalytical methods have been used in order to examine hormones and learn more about their structural features and biological importance.
Dual-targeting nanotheranostics for MRI-guided enhanced chemodynamic therapy of hepatoma via regulating the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Liu Jinwu , Qu Hong , Hang Lifeng , Sun Yiqiang , Li Wuming , Chen Yiyu , Li Hong , Wen Wei , Feng Yanqiu , Jiang Guihua
Published: October 2023

The dual-targeting function and dual-modality image-guided regulation of the ROS were successfully integrated into a nanosystem for enhanced CDT.
Correction: Optical property trends in a family of {Mo6I8} aquahydroxo complexes
Authors: Marchuk Margarita V. , Vorotnikova Natalya A. , Vorotnikov Yuri A. , Kuratieva Natalia V. , Stass Dmitri V. , Shestopalov Michael A.
Published: October 2023

Correction for ‘Optical property trends in a family of {Mo6I8} aquahydroxo complexes’ by Margarita V. Marchuk et al., Dalton Trans., 2021, 50, 8794–8802, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT01293B.
Light mediated the interface interaction of commercial graphene oxide in natural surface water: photo-transformation, microbial diversity and metabolism
Authors: Gao Yang , Chen Li , Wen Peihuan , Zhou Letao , Ouyang Shaohu , Xue Wenjing , Zhang Wei , Zhou Lean , Wang Jinting , Sun Shiquan
Published: October 2023

The environmental behavior of CGO in natural surface water under light conditions will result in microbial diversity and metabolism impact.
Effects of long-term and incremental exposure to toxic pollutants on the current generation and microbial communities of electrochemically active bacteria
Authors: Yi Yue , Feng Yuxin , Wang Baoguo , Nan Haoran , Hao Zika , Yi Tianbo , Luo Aiqin
Published: October 2023

The study first reveals the long-term effects of toxic exposure on the current generation and the microbial communities of EAB. Acute toxicity inhibits the current generation in the early stage but gradually diminish during the middle and end stages.
Effects of different processed tomatoes on carotenoid release and microbiota composition during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation
Authors: Wu Xinyi , Zhu Changan , Zhang Min , Wang Shuwen , Yu Jingquan , Tian Jinhu , Hu Zhangjian
Published: October 2023

Carotenoids in tomatoes confer significant health benefits to humans but with the disadvantage of the carotenoids from raw tomatoes not being easily absorbed for utilization.
Memory characteristics of anthracene-based polyimides in non-volatile resistive memory devices
Authors: Lee Seung-Hyun , Park Sechang , Choi Ju-Young , Choi Yun-Je , Ji Hyung Woo , Joung Hyeyoung , Kim Dam-Bi , Yoon Kang-Hoon , Ji Gyumin , Choi Daeho , Lee Jaekang , Paeng Ki-Jung , Yang Jaesung , Cho Soohaeng , Chung Chan-Moon
Published: October 2023

Two anthracene-containing polyimides were synthesized and compared as an active layer in non-volatile resistive memory devices. The 6FDA-AMDA PI-based devices showed WORM behavior with an on/off ratio of up to 106 and a high device yield of 80%.
On the origins of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors
Authors: Janin Yves L.
Published: October 2023

A review on the discovery of relevant SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors along with insights into their origins as well as on which adopted strategies actually delivered and which did not.
A membrane targeted multifunctional cationic nanoparticle conjugated fusogenic nanoemulsion (CFusoN): induced membrane depolarization and lipid solubilization to accelerate the killing ofStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Bose Somashree , Dahat Yogita , Kumar Deepak , Haldar Saikat , Das Sujoy K.
Published: October 2023

A cationic metal nanoparticle conjugated fusogenic nanoemulsion (CFusoN) as a lipid solubilizing nanovesicle for the effective treatment of S. aureus infection.
Design of high polarization low switching barrier hybrid improper ferroelectric perovskite oxide superlattices
Authors: Swamynadhan M. J. , Ghosh Ayana , Ghosh Saurabh
Published: October 2023

Temperature-dependent polarization switching via out-of-phase rotation structural mode for ABO3/A′BO3 superlattices with different cation radius mismatch and supercell periodicity evaluated utilizing density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations.
Thermal performance of Fe3O4, SWCNT, MWCNT and H2O based on magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow across a wedge with significant impacts of Soret and Dufour
Authors: Vinutha K. , Nagaraja K. V. , Sajjan Kiran , Khan Umair , Madhukesh J. K. , Kolli Uma C. , Muhammad Taseer
Published: October 2023

The consequences of a heat source/sink, the Soret impact and the Dufour impact, on the movement of a ternary nanofluid over a wedge.
Altermagnetic surface states: towards the observation and utilization of altermagnetism in thin films, interfaces and topological materials
Authors: Sattigeri Raghottam M. , Cuono Giuseppe , Autieri Carmine
Published: October 2023

We unveil properties of altermagnetic surface states by identifying surfaces where altermagnetism is active or inactive in three compounds LaMnO3, MnTe and RuO2 representative of orthorhombic, hexagonal, and tetragonal symmetries respectively.
Highly asymmetric aldol reaction of isatins and ketones catalyzed by chiral bifunctional primary-amine organocatalyst on water
Authors: Lv Xiao-Xiong , Liu Ning , Chen Fei , Zhang Hao , Du Zhi-Hong , Wang Pei , Yuan Meng , Da Chao Shan
Published: October 2023

An efficient asymmetric aldol reaction between isatins and ketones on water has been reported, which afforded a series of enantioenriched 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in excellent yields and stereoselectivities under mild conditions.
Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative α-allylation of thiazolidinones and azlactones with sulfonamido-substituted acyclic allylic carbonates
Authors: Rao Han-Wen , Zhao Tian-Lan , Wang Long , Deng Hong-Dan , Zhang Yan-Ping , You Yong , Wang Zhen-Hua , Zhao Jian-Qiang , Yuan Wei-Cheng
Published: October 2023

A palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative α-allylation via aza-π-allylpalladium zwitterionic intermediates, is developed for the synthesis of 5-alkylated thiazolidinones and 2-piperidones.
Construction of aggregation-induced emission photosensitizers based on supramolecular polymers for enhanced photocatalytic oxidative coupling of amines
Authors: Zhang Rong-Zhen , Ma Chao-Qun , Liu Hui , Dong Rui-Zhi , Niu Kai-Kai , Yu Shengsheng , Wang Yue-Bo , Xing Ling-Bao
Published: October 2023

In this study, we have constructed a supramolecular polymer with aggregation-induced emission through host–guest interactions, which can be used as photocatalysts for photocatalytic oxidative coupling reaction of amines to imines.
Molecular dynamics study of fluorosulfonyl ionic liquids as electrolyte for electrical double layer capacitors
Authors: Wang Siqi , Li Zhuo , Yang Guangmin , Lin Jianyan , Xu Qiang
Published: October 2023

The development of high-performance supercapacitors is an important goal in the field of energy storage.
Effects of thermal aging atmospheres on oxidation activity, element composition and microstructure of diesel soot particles
Authors: Huang He , Ni Zifei , Wang Wenkai , Chen Heng
Published: October 2023

As an emission control device for diesel engines, DPF plays an important role in reducing particulate matter emissions.
Engineering oncogene-targeted anisamide-functionalized pBAE nanoparticles as efficient lung cancer antisense therapies
Authors: Fornaguera Cristina , Torres-Coll Antoni , Olmo Laura , Garcia-Fernandez Coral , Guerra-Rebollo Marta , Borrós Salvador
Published: October 2023

Schematic representation of the effect that mTOR siRNA-loaded nanoparticles, targeted to the sigma receptor, have on tumor cells. Apoptosis is promoted and thus cell growth hampered. This is a promising strategy against lung cancer.
Benign electrolytic modifications of starch: effects on functional groups and physical properties
Authors: Liewchirakorn Pitcha , Ngamchuea Kamonwad
Published: October 2023

This work presents a sustainable and cost-effective chloride-based redox-mediated electrolysis method for starch modification.
Sequence-independent, site-specific incorporation of chemical modifications to generate light-activated plasmids
Authors: Chung Khoa , Booth Michael J.
Published: October 2023

A new method was developed to incorporate photocages site-specifically into plasmids. Plasmid photoregulation was demonstrated in both cell-free reactions and mammalian cells.
Divergent 1,2-carboallylation of terminal alkynes enabled by metallaphotoredox catalysis with switchable triplet energy transfer
Authors: Qin Jian , Zhang Zhuzhu , Lu Yi , Zhu Shengqing , Chu Lingling
Published: October 2023

We report a selective and stereodivergent three-component carboallylation of terminal alkynes with allylic carbonates and alkyl trifluoroborates via metallaphotoredox catalysis with pyrene as a triplet energy transfer (EnT) modulator.
Facile synthesis of novel Cu2NiBiX4 (X = Se, S) chalcogenides as bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and supercapacitive performance
Authors: Umer Muhammad , Awais Muhammad , Bilal Anas , Iqbal Arshia , Javaria  , Aslam Sidra , Mirza Misbah , Safdar Muhammad
Published: October 2023

There is a high requirement for very efficient catalytically active materials to produce and store sustainable fuels to fulfill global energy demand, and the design of cost-effective multifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and supercapacitors has become prominent.
Sixty years of the Colworth Medal
Authors: Ollett Lucy
Published: October 2023

The Colworth Medal is an esteemed annual award for outstanding research by a young biochemist of any nationality who has carried out the majority of their work in the UK or Republic of Ireland. Donated in 1963 by Unilever Research Colworth Laboratory, the award is made to an early career scientist who is within 10 years of receiving their highest qualification. Interviews with past winners from 1963 to 2013 were previously published throughout 2013. To celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Colworth Medal, interviews with our latest winners have been included in The Biochemist throughout 2023. In this final issue, we will hear from Dr Melina Schuh (2019), Dr Tanmay Bharat (2022) and Professor Stephen Wallace (2023).
Intelligent acceptance check for towers of overhead transmission line based on point clouds
Authors: Ma Miao , Wang Chenxing , Li Yuhong , Chen Yuxin , Xia Siyu , Du Songlin , Li Junyang , Zhang Kanjian , Liu Huan , Jiang Xuancheng , Wei Haikun
Published: October 2023

The acceptance check is a key step to decide whether an overhead transmission line can be put into use. However, for the acceptance check of towers, the manual means is still adopted mostly nowadays, which is dangerous and inefficient. The main challenges for intelligent check technique are the automatic tower segmentation and intelligent requirements of some detection items. Here, based on point clouds from lidars, some intelligent methods are proposed for tower related acceptance check items. The geometric structural changing rules for towers are found and analyzed to identify and segment towers from the scene point cloud automatically. A model‐constrained method is proposed for fine filtering of towers. With point cloud registration strategies, the tilt angle of a tower is calculated intelligently and the defect detection of a tower is conducted successfully. Experiments show that the results of the proposed methods are accurate, efficient and automatic, which have potential for real applications.
Robust three‐voltage‐vector‐based model‐free predictive current control for permanent magnet synchronous motor with ultra‐local model
Authors: Sun Zheng , Deng Yongting , Wang Jianli , Li Hongwen
Published: October 2023

A large current ripple may arise in the finite control set model‐free predictive current control (FCS‐MFPCC) strategy because only one voltage vector can be applied during the whole control period. Therefore, an improved three‐vector‐based model‐free predictive current control (MFPCC) strategy to improve the current tracking performance is proposed by increasing the number of the applied voltage vector. Based on the extreme existence theorem for the function of two variables, the optimal voltage vector can be synthesized. Compared with the one‐vector‐based FCS‐model‐based predicted current control (FCS‐MBPCC) and two‐vector‐based FCS‐MBPCC in the time and frequency domains, the maximum tracking error is decreased by 42.17% and 48.58%, and the total harmonic distortion is decreased by 40.97% and 37.56%, respectively. Besides, compared with the previous three‐vector‐based strategy, the computational time of the proposed strategy is reduced from 57.6 to 45.89 , which is reduced by 20.33%. Furthermore, the switching frequency of the proposed method can be decreased by 70.3% compared with the deadbeat MFPCC. The experimental results in the time and frequency domains demonstrate that the proposed three‐vector‐based MFPCC can not only improve the current tracking performance but also improve robustness against parameter mismatches.
Spiral shocks induced in a galactic gaseous disk: Hydrodynamic understanding of observational properties of spiral galaxies
Authors: Aktar Ramiz , Xue Li , Zhang Li-Xin , Luo Jing-Yi
Published: October 2023

Context. We investigate the properties of spiral shocks in a steady, adiabatic, non-axisymmetric, self-gravitating, mass-outflowing accretion disk around a compact object.

Aims. We obtained the accretion-ejection solutions in a galactic disk and applied them to spiral galaxies in order to investigate the possible physical connections between some observational quantities of galaxies.

Methods. We considered the self-gravitating disk potential to examine the properties of the galactic gaseous disk. We obtained spiral shock-induced accretion-ejection solutions following the point-wise self-similar approach.

Results. We observed that the self-gravitating disk profoundly affects the dynamics of the spiral structure of the disk and the properties of the spiral shocks. We find that the observational dispersion between the pitch angle and shear rate and between the pitch angle and star formation rate in spiral galaxies contains some important physical information.

Conclusions. There are large differences among the star formation rates of galaxies with similar pitch angles. These differences may be explained by the different star formation efficiencies caused by distinct galactic ambient conditions.
Close-to-fission dumbbell Jupiter-Trojan (17365) Thymbraeus
Authors: Carry B. , Descamps P. , Ferrais M. , Rivet J.-P. , Berthier J. , Jehin E. , Vernet D. , Abe L. , Bendjoya P. , Vachier F. , Pajuelo M. , Birlan M. , Colas F. , Benkhaldoun Z.
Published: October 2023

Context. Every population of small bodies in the Solar System contains a sizable fraction of multiple systems. Of these, the Jupiter Trojans have the lowest number of known binary systems and they are the least well characterized.

Aims. We aim to characterize the reported binary system (17365) Thymbraeus, one of only seven multiple systems of Jupiter Trojans known.

Methods. We conducted light curve observing campaigns in 2013, 2015, and 2021 with ground-based telescopes. We modeled these light curves using dumbbell figures of equilibrium.

Results. We show that Thymbraeus is unlikely a binary system. Its light curves are fully consistent with a bilobated shape: a dumbbell equilibrium figure. We determine a low density of 830 ± 50 kg m−3, consistent with the reported density of other Jupiter-Trojan asteroids and small Kuiper belt objects. The angular velocity of Thymbraeus is close to fission. If separated, its components would become a similarly sized double asteroid, like the Jupiter-Trojan (617) Patroclus.
The ROAD to discovery: Machine-learning-driven anomaly detection in radio astronomy spectrograms
Authors: Mesarcik M. , Boonstra A. J. , Iacobelli M. , Ranguelova E. , de Laat C. T. A. M. , van Nieuwpoort R. V.
Published: October 2023

Context.As radio telescopes increase in sensitivity and flexibility, so do their complexity and data rates. For this reason, automated system health management approaches are becoming increasingly critical to ensure nominal telescope operations.

Aims.We propose a new machine-learning anomaly detection framework for classifying both commonly occurring anomalies in radio telescopes as well as detecting unknown rare anomalies that the system has potentially not yet seen. To evaluate our method, we present a dataset consisting of 6708 autocorrelation-based spectrograms from the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) telescope and assign ten different labels relating to the system-wide anomalies from the perspective of telescope operators. This includes electronic failures, miscalibration, solar storms, network and compute hardware errors, among many more.

Methods.We demonstrate how a novel self-supervised learning (SSL) paradigm, that utilises both context prediction and reconstruction losses, is effective in learning normal behaviour of the LOFAR telescope. We present the Radio Observatory Anomaly Detector (ROAD), a framework that combines both SSL-based anomaly detection and a supervised classification, thereby enabling both classification of both commonly occurring anomalies and detection of unseen anomalies.

Results.We demonstrate that our system works in real time in the context of the LOFAR data processing pipeline, requiring <1ms to process a single spectrogram. Furthermore, ROAD obtains an anomaly detection F-2 score of 0.92 while maintaining a false positive rate of 2%, as well as a mean per-class classification F-2 score of 0.89, outperforming other related works.
Functional features of platelets at the beginning of ontogenesis in purebred calves of the Yaroslavl breed
Authors: Vorobyeva Nadezhda , Medvedev Ilya
Published: October 2023

After birth, calves develop an increased ability of platelets to aggregate. At the same time, during the newborn phase, the level of inactive platelets in the blood of the Yaroslavl breed calves slightly decreases. The total intravascular activity of platelets in their blood during the study increased by 10.4%. The number of various platelet aggregates suspended in the blood of calves during the observation showed an upward trend. This was caused by an increase in their platelet thromboxane synthesis, an increase in the number of mobile adenosine phosphates in platelet granules and an increase in actin and myosin levels in them. As a result of the study, it becomes clear that for the Yaroslavl breed calves during the first 10 days of life, an increase in the severity of platelet aggregation and secretion is characteristic. Apparently, this helps to create optimal conditions for them to realize hemocirculation and metabolism, and therefore for the successful growth of animals of this breed.
Physiological changes in hematological parameters of black-and-white cows at the beginning of lactation
Authors: Fayzullina Ilnura
Published: October 2023

The onset of lactation can affect the condition of cows, affecting the metabolic processes throughout the body and hematological parameters. The blood parameters of high-milk cows after the first and after the second calving were evaluated in the work. 47 fully healthy pregnant cows were selected 3 weeks before the expected calving. These included first-heifers and re-calving purebred cows of a black-and-white breed. The animals were divided into two groups according to the number of pregnancies available in their lives: the group of first-born heifers consisted of 22 heads, the group of re-calves included 25 heads. The examination was performed 3 weeks before calving and 3 weeks after calving with taking blood samples. The first heifers after calving showed a decrease in the concentration of glucose, total protein and albumin with a significant increase in the concentrations of malondialdehyde, non-esterified fatty acids and globulin compared with the first study. Re-calved cows showed a significant decrease in the amount of glucose, total protein and albumin in the blood, combined with a significant increase in cholesterol and malondialdehyde levels compared to their pre-calving values. In re-calving cows, a significant decrease in non-esterified fatty acids was noted in comparison with calved first-calf cows. During the transition phase, control of the main hematological parameters is necessary for the timely prevention of pathology in first-heifers and re-lost cows.
Selection of the optimal sterilization protocol of safflower seeds by the “Lysoformin-3000”
Authors: Berestneva Yuliya , Mezhevova Alina
Published: October 2023

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an economically important oil seed crop. Contamination of its seed leads to a decrease in seed germination, crop yields and product quality. The research of determination of the safflower seeds optimal sterilization protocol by the "Lysoformin-3000" at the stage of introduction to the in vitro culture was carried out. The research consisted of several experiments. The first stage of the study included the seeds treatment by a sterilizing agent with a concentration of 0.5 % to 5 % and an exposure time of 3 and 7 minutes, followed by germination in Petri dishes according to the generally accepted method (GOST 12038-84). The second stage was the germination of safflower seeds directly in vitro culture using the best sterilization protocol from the first experiment. The absence of manifestations of contamination in the samples, as well as the germination of seeds was assessed. It was found that the highest yield of viable aseptic explants can be obtained by keeping the seeds in a 5 % aldehyde sterilizer solution for 3 minutes.
Sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy
Authors: Korneeva Elena , Alamanova Chinara , Orozonova Azyk , Parmanasova Aisulu , Krayneva Raisa
Published: October 2023

Our paper analyses the current trends, recent changes, and pathways for further sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy. Moreover, it examines the challenges faced by the agricultural sector and highlights the need for sustainable practices to ensure its long-term environmental, social, as well as economic viability. The paper discusses emerging trends such as precision agriculture, agroecology, and digital technologies, along with policy measures and collaborative approaches that can pave the way for a more sustainable agricultural sector. It stresses the importance of the advanced information and communication technologies (ICT) that can help the agricultural sector of the economy to further enhance its productivity, automatization, and resilience. Our results and findings might be relevant and helpful for the stakeholders and policymakers seeking the efficient solutions facilitation the effective and rapid transition towards sustainable economy based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and capable of withholding the threats geopolitical and economic instability.
The effect of biostimulants on Solanum tuberosum L. variety “Zakhar” in arid conditions of Orenburg Cis-Urals
Authors: Mushinskiy Alexander , Saudabaeva Aliya , Vasilyeva Tatyana
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of a study of biostimulants Fitosporin-M, Zh (AS) + amino acids and Bionex-Kemi, Zh, (NPK 21:4:4) + ME on potato productivity indicators. As a result of1 the research, a positive effect of biostimulants on the growth and accumulation of underground biomass of Solanum tuberosum L. variety "Zakhar" was established. The analysis showed that when Solanum tuberosum L. plants of Zakhar variety are treated with Bionex-Kemi, Zh, NPK 21:4:4 + ME, the content of starch in tubers increases by 1.3 %, and when plants are treated with Fitosporin-(M, F (AS) + amino acids) - by 0.9 % in comparison with the control variant. The accumulation of underground potato biomass was more intense when using Bionex-Kemi, G, (NPK 21:4:4) + ME. For the cultivation of potatoes in the conditions of the Orenburg Cis-Urals, it is recommended to use the biostimulator Bionex-Kemi, Zh, (NPK 21:4:4) + ME (bioactivated nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer), which stimulates plant growth and the accumulation of underground biomass.
Simulation of the testing process of reciprocating hydraulic cylinders with energy recovery
Authors: Rybak Alexander , Meskhi Besarion , Rudoy Dmitry , Olshevskaya Anastasiya , Pelipenko Alexey , Serdyukova Yuliya , Odabashyan Mary , Teplyakova Svetlana
Published: October 2023

One of the most important problems of modern mechanical engineering is the energy efficiency of technological equipment and manufactured products. A separate issue in this series is the technology and means of testing finished product samples, including hydraulic cylinders, which can be carried out with passive or active energy recovery. The purpose of the work is to develop a test bench for piston hydraulic cylinders that provides recovery of part of the energy during the test, and at the same time the tests would take place in a mode as close as possible to the real conditions of their operation during their tests, as well as solving the problem of its modeling and calculation of the main functional parameters. In this article, a design scheme of a test bench for reciprocating hydraulic cylinders with active energy recovery and a method for mathematical modeling of the process of its functioning based on the application of the "theory of volumetric rigidity of hydraulic systems" is proposed, which makes it possible to describe with a high degree of accuracy and reliability the processes occurring in the test system during its operation. A scheme of a test bench for piston hydraulic cylinders with energy recovery is proposed. A mathematical model of the stand has been developed and an example of a preliminary calculation of its functioning is given. The proposed modeling method simplifies the modeling process and allows the use of numerical integration methods in calculations. The resulting mathematical model makes it possible to obtain rational parameters of the stand already at the design stage, without resorting to the need for expensive and labor-intensive field studies.
Investigation of the influence of geographical factors on soil suitability using a nonparametric controlled method of training and data analysis
Authors: Gantimurov Andrei , Kravtsov Kirill , Tynchenko Vadim , Evsyukov Dmitry , Nelyub Vladimir
Published: October 2023

This paper analysed a dataset using a selected data analysis tool. The study found that decision tree was a suitable tool to analyse this data set. Special attention was given to the analysis of geographical factors including an assessment of the presence of water bodies in the county. The analysis showed that these factors have a significant impact on soil workability. Although the model based on these factors did not have absolute accuracy (14% error), it was still acceptable and cheaper to implement. One of the main advantages of using geographical factors to predict soil workability is their easy availability. Data on the presence of water bodies and other geographical indicators can be easily found and used in the analysis. The analysis thus confirms the effectiveness of using decision tree in combination with geographical factors to analyse datasets related to soil serviceability. Despite some inaccuracy of the model, its relative simplicity and accessibility make it an attractive tool for forecasting and decision making in this area.
The dynamics of the Akhangaran basin's groundwater level in relation to physical-geographical and anthropogenic factors
Authors: Fozilov Azamat , Kholikulov Shodi
Published: October 2023

This article describes the physical and geographical factors of groundwater formation in the Akhangaran river basin and around the Almalyk mining and metallurgical combine (AGMK), changes in groundwater levels at water intakes, precipitation, and evaporation in the study area. Comprehensive research methods, include the analysis of scientific and technical information on the geographical, hydrogeological, geomechanical and mineralogical compositions of the Almalyk industrial region, underground and surface waters, as well as the study of all valuable components by chemical, and X-ray structural methods, and atomic emission spectroscopy. Integration and point methods are used for measuring current velocity. Basic, detailed, abbreviated and graphical methods for measuring water flow are perfomed by electric metrs. Experimental filtration studies are carried out and systems of observation wells are organized. Additionally water temperature is measured with thermocouples and water density, salt concentration, and water pH are measured using ionomers.
Machine learning to identify key success indicators
Authors: Nelyub Vladimir , Glinscaya Anna , Kukartsev Vladislav , Borodulin Alexey , Evsyukov Dmitry
Published: October 2023

This article explores the application of machine learning techniques in the context of identifying and analyzing key indicators of learner success. In particular, the paper focuses on the application of machine learning techniques such as decision trees, Kohonen maps and neural networks. Decision trees are a graphical model that helps to analyze and make decisions based on hierarchical data structure. They allow classification and regression analysis, which helps in highlighting optimal strategies and recommendations to improve learner success. Kohonen map are used to highlight key success indicators, find hidden patterns and group data. Neural networks are able to analyze complex relationships and predict outcomes based on input data. The selected machine learning methods allow to optimize the learning process, adapt teaching methods to individual needs and increase the effectiveness of education in general.
Research of the influence of the kinetics of a hydrogen-containing medium on the stress-strain state of a cylindrical shell made of titanium alloy
Authors: Kuznetsova Violetta , Barkova Maria , Zhukov Aleksandr , Kartsan Igor , Ismagilov Robert
Published: October 2023

This paper considers a mathematical model of the stress-strain state of a circular cylindrical shell made of titanium alloy VT1-0, operating in an aggressive hydrogen-containing environment. The shell is under the action of an internal evenly distributed pressure. To formulate the problem and carry out calculations, a model with triple nonlinearity is used, formulated within the approach associated with normalized stress spaces. The resulting algorithm for solving the problem of studying the effect of an aggressive medium on titanium alloy shells effectively takes into account the substantially nonlinear change in the parameters of the stress-strain state depending on the time factor. In the study, a system of nonlinear resolving equations for calculating the shell was formulated, results were obtained for the key parameters of the effect of a hydrogen medium on the stress-strain state of a cylindrical shell, taking into account embrittlement.
Ice reinforcement
Authors: Sharapov Dmitry , Andreeva Sofia
Published: October 2023

Ice reinforcement plays a vital role in enhancing the strength, stability, and load-bearing capacity of ice surfaces in various environments. This scientific exploration delves into different facets of ice reinforcement, encompassing the main methodologies employed, the consequential increase in strength, the drawbacks associated with reinforced ice, the cost implications, and the process of removing reinforcement when the ice melts. By analyzing these aspects, we aim to develop a comprehensive understanding of ice reinforcement methods, their efficacy, limitations, and the multifaceted considerations entailed.
Physico-chemical studies of Arvaten basalt for the production of mineral fiber
Authors: Kadyrova Zulayho , Niyazova Shokhista , Kazakova Munira , Purkhanatdinov Aman
Published: October 2023

The article carried out complex studies to determine the chemical, chemical-mineralogical composition, acidity and viscosity modules of basalt from the Arvaten deposit. It has been established that the basalts of this deposit can be used as a raw material for the production of stone casting materials, in the form of mineral wool, as well as basalt fiber with corrective additives.
Perzeption der Feuchtigkeit – zentrale und periphere
physiologische Mechanismen
Authors: Hermann Wieland
Published: October 2023

Die Fähigkeit Veränderungen der Umgebung wahrzunehmen ist
überlebenswichtig. Dafür sind spezialisierte Exterozeptoren
für mechanische, thermische und nozizeptive Reize über die
gesamte Haut verteilt. Für weitere komplexe Empfindungen wie Kitzeln und
Nässe sind keine speziellen Rezeptoren bekannt. Man nimmt an, dass diese
Empfindungsqualitäten aus einer Kombination verschiedener Rezeptortypen
entstehen. Bisherige physiologische Untersuchungen haben zentrale und periphere
Komponenten zur Wahrnehmung von Feuchtigkeit beim Menschen identifiziert.
Peripher tragen kombinierte thermische und mechanische Empfindungen zur
Hygrorezeption bei. Das Wahrnehmungsgedächtnis der sensorischen
Erfahrung bildet den zentralen Teil einer Nässeempfindung. Nur bei
intakter Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit aller Nervenfasern entsteht ein
physiologisches räumlich-zeitliches peripheres Erregungsmuster als
Grundlage für die korrekte zentrale Weiterverarbeitung zur Wahrnehmung
der komplexen Eigenschaft Feuchtigkeit. Dieser Aspekt wurde in einer eigenen
Studie untersucht und der Beitrag der verschiedenen Nervenleitgeschwindigkeiten
zum Feuchtigkeitseindruck postuliert.
Giant Quadrigeminal Cistern Lipoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Albuquerque Eduardo Alves Summers , Soares Pedro Felipe , Conceição Júnior Renato Teixeira , Silva Danilo Dias de França e , Nunes Juliana Coelho , Assis Ana Flávia Paiva Bandeira , Santos Ana Paula Rodrigues dos , Marques Fabrício Nery , Noronha Bruno da Fonseca
Published: October 2023

We report the case of a giant lipoma of the quadrigeminal cistern in a 30-year-old female patient with headache, nausea, vomiting, and phono and photophobia. Despite the large size of the tumor, conservative treatment was chosen. Intracranial lipomas are rare benign tumors commonly associated with congenital anomalies, and their origin is related to an incorrect embryonic development. The diagnosis is made mainly by cranial computed tomographyand magnetic resonance imaging. The treatment of lipoma can be surgical or conservative, and there is no single treatment for the different patients' cases.