bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Reduction of Heteroaromatic Nitro Groups Using Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation with Microwave Heating.
Authors: Quinn John F. , Bryant Cole E. , Golden Kathryn C. , Gregg Brian T.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CeCl3·7H2O as an Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Amino Ketones by Three‐Component Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Dai Yan , Li Bin Dong , Quan Heng Dao , Lue Chun Xu
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Cyanohydrins via Enantioselective Acylation.
Authors: Xu Qing , Xie Yongli , Geng Xiaohong , Chen Peiran
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Enabled Reactivity and Selectivity in a Synthetically Versatile Aryl C—H Olefination.
Authors: Wang Dong‐Hui , Engle Keary M. , Shi Bing‐Feng , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Anodic Oxidation and Organocatalysis: Direct Regio‐ and Stereoselective Access to meta‐Substituted Anilines by α‐Arylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Jensen Kim L. , Franke Patrick T. , Nielsen Lasse T. , Daasbjerg Kim , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Stereodefined 3‐Alkylideneoxindoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions of 2‐(Alkynyl)aryl Isocyanates with Thiols and Alcohols.
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Toyoshima Takeharu , Ito Yoshiteru , Murakami Masahiro
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Method for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indole Derivatives Promoted by β‐(Benzotriazol‐1‐yl)allylic O‐Stannyl Ketyl Radicals.
Authors: Kim Taehoon , Kim Kyongtae
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Rearrangement of 2‐(2‐Aminoethyl)‐1‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydropyrazino[1,2‐b]indazole‐2‐ium 6‐Oxides to 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐imidazo[1,2‐b]indazoles.
Authors: Koci Jan , Oliver Allen G. , Krchnak Viktor
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Controlled Preparation of Alkenyl‐(1H)‐1,2,4‐triazoles: First Heck Reaction on a (1H)‐1,2,4‐Triazole Moiety.
Authors: Diaz‐Ortiz Angel , Prieto Pilar , de Cozar Abel , Cebrian Cristina , Moreno Andres , de la Hoz Antonio
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Substituted 5‐Amino‐ and 3‐Amino‐1,2,4‐thiadiazoles from a Common Precursor.
Authors: Wehn Paul M. , Harrington Paul E. , Eksterowicz John E.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel aza‐Prins‐Friedel—Crafts Reaction for the Synthesis of 4‐Arylpiperidines.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. Subba , Ramesh K. , Kumar G. G. K. S. Narayana , Gree Rene
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 6‐[1‐(2,6‐Difluorophenyl)ethyl]‐5‐methylpyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Mai A. , Artico M. , Rotili D. , Novakov I. A. , Orlinson B. S. , Navrotskii M. B. , Eremiichuk A. S. , Gordeeva E. A.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones and Pyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones by the Biginelli Reaction with 3,5‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Authors: Sedova V. F. , Krivopalov V. P. , Shkurko O. P.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Substituted Pyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,4]benzodiazepines.
Authors: Stroganova T. A. , Malikov I. V.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 5‐Phenylselenenyl Pyrimidine Analogues
Authors: Basha N. Jeelan , Reddy C. H. Upendar , Goudgaon N. M.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Products of the Reactions of Verbenone and Verbenol with N‐Bromosuccinimide in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Ardashov O. V. , Il'ina I. V. , Korchagina D. V. , Volcho K. P. , Salakhutdinov N. F.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Novel Neoclerodane Diterpenoids from Scutellaria barbata.
Authors: Lee Hanna , Kim YuJin , Choi Inho , Min Byung Sun , Shim Sang Hee
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C—C Bond Formation on 5‐Position of Uridine Ring by Morita—Baylis—Hillman Type Reaction.
Authors: Monguchi Yasunari , Yasunaga Kanoko , Tsunoda Takashi , Ando Takayuki , Maegawa Tomohiro , Hirota Kosaku , Sajiki Hironao
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of a Diarylheptanoid, Rhoiptelol B.
Authors: Reddy Chada Raji , Rao Nagavaram Narsimha , Srikanth Boinapally
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Neolignans from Piper kadsura and Their Antineuroinflammatory Activity.
Authors: Kim Ki Hyun , Choi Jung Wook , Ha Sang Keun , Kim Sun Yeou , Lee Kang Ro
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4‐Diaryl‐4,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinazolin‐5(1H)‐one Derivatives as anti‐HBV Agents Targeting at Capsid Assembly.
Authors: Zhu Xuejun , Zhao Guoming , Zhou Xiaoping , Xu Xiaoqian , Xia Guangqiang , Zheng Zhibing , Wang Lili , Yang Xiaohong , Li Song
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coumarins as Novel 17β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 3 Inhibitors for Potential Treatment of Prostate Cancer.
Authors: Harada Koichiro , Kubo Hideki , Tomigahara Yoshitaka , Nishioka Kazuhiko , Takahashi Junya , Momose Mio , Inoue Shinichi , Kojima Atsuyuki
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Framework Stabilization of Cu(II) and Cu(I) Ions in a Novel Copper‐Substituted Aluminophosphate with AEN Topology Prepared by One‐Pot Synthesis
Authors: Gabelica Z. , Fernandes A. , Ribeiro M. F. , Lourenco J. P. , Valange S. , Louati A. , Murphy D. M.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed Valency and Magnetism in Cyanometallates and Prussian Blue Analogues
Authors: Herrera J. M. , Bachschmidt A. , Villain F. , Bleuzen A. , Marvaud V. , Wernsdorfer W. , Verdaguer M.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Organoimido Derivatives of Polyoxometalates — Organic Chemistry as a Useful Tool for the Functionalization of POMs and the Preparation of Novel POM‐Based Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Molecular Materials
Authors: Wei Yongge , Wu Pingfan , Wang Yuan , Shao Meicheng
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts in Pure Water: Sustainable Developments in Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira and Tsuji—Trost Reactions
Authors: Lamblin Marc , Nassar‐Hardy Luma , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille , Fouquet Eric , Felpin Francois‐Xavier
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems: Thiophenes and Se/Te Analogues
Authors: Janosik Tomasz , Bergman Jan
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Supported Organosuperbases
Authors: Kotsuki Hiyoshizo
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mizoroki—Heck Reactions: Modern Solvent Systems and Reaction Techniques
Authors: Bonrath Werner , Letinois Ulla , Netscher Thomas , Schutz Jan
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phosphoric Acids as Versatile Catalysts for Enantioselective Carbon—Carbon Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Terada Masahiro
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Angiogenesis as a Strategic Target for Prostate Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Yong , Cozzi Paul J.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Falcipain‐2 Inhibitors
Authors: Ettari Roberta , Bova Floriana , Zappala Maria , Grasso Silvana , Micale Nicola
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrostatics of Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosols
Authors: Kwok Philip Chi Lip , Chan Hak‐Kim
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent Effects and Chemical Reactivity
Authors: Subramanian V.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Aspects of Spin—Spin Couplings
Authors: Fukui Hiroyuki
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
GMF is an evolutionarily developed Adf/cofilin‐super family protein involved in the Arp2/3 complex‐mediated organization of the actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Nakano Kentaro , Kuwayama Hidekazu , Kawasaki Masato , Numata Osamu , Takaine Masak
Published: April 2010

Actin‐depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin is widely expressed in eukaryotes and plays a central role in reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton by disassembling actin filaments. The ADF‐homologous domain (ADF‐H) is conserved in several other actin‐modulating proteins such as twinfilin, Abp1/drebrin, and coactosin. Although these proteins interact with actin via ADF‐H, their effects on actin are not identical to each other. Here, we report a novel ADF/cofilin‐super family protein, Gmf1 (Glia maturation factor‐like protein 1), from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Gmf1 is a component of actin patches, which are located on the cell cortex and required for endocytosis, and may be involved in the control of the disassembly of actin patches since its overexpression diminishes them. We provide evidence that Gmf1 binds weakly if at all to actin, but it associates with actin‐related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex and suppresses its functions such as the promotion of actin polymerization and branching filaments. Importantly, Arp2/3 complex‐suppressing activity is conserved among GMF‐family proteins from other organisms. Given the functional plasticity of ADF‐H, GMF‐family proteins possibly have changed their target from conventional actin to Arps through molecular evolution. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene Therapy in HIV‐Infected Cells to Decrease Viral Impact by Using an Alternative Delivery Method
Authors: Gonzalo Teresa , Clemente Maria Isabel , Chonco Louis , Weber Nick D. , Díaz Laura , Serramía María Jesús , Gras Rafael , Ortega Paula , de la Mata F. Javier , Gómez Rafael , Lopez‐Fernández Luis A. , Muñoz‐Fernández Maria Ángeles , Jiménez José Luís
Published: April 2010

The ability of dendrimer 2G‐[Si{O(CH2)2N(Me)2+(CH2)2NMe3+(I−)2}]8 (NN16) to transfect a wide range of cell types, as well as the possible biomedical application in direct or indirect inhibition of HIV replication, was investigated. Cells implicated in HIV infection such as primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and immortalized suspension cells (lymphocytes), primary macrophages and dendritic cells, and immortalized adherent cells (astrocytes and trophoblasts) were analyzed. Dendrimer toxicity was evaluated by mitochondrial activity, cell membrane rupture, release of lactate dehydrogenase, erythrocyte hemolysis, and the effect on global gene expression profiles using whole‐genome human microarrays. Cellular uptake of genetic material was determined using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Transfection efficiency and gene knockdown was investigated using dendrimer‐delivered antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Very little cytotoxicity was detected in a variety of cells relevant to HIV infection and erythrocytes after NN16 dendrimer treatment. Imaging of cellular uptake showed high transfection efficiency of genetic material in all cells tested. Interestingly, NN16 further enhanced the reduction of HIV protein 24 antigen release by antisense oligonucleotides due to improved transfection efficiency. Finally, the dendrimer complexed with siRNA exhibited therapeutic potential by specifically inhibiting cyclooxygenase‐2 gene expression in HIV‐infected nervous system cells. NN16 dendrimers demonstrated the ability to transfect genetic material into a vast array of cells relevant to HIV pathology, combining high efficacy with low toxicity. These results suggest that NN16 dendrimers have the potential to be used as a versatile non‐viral vector for gene therapy against HIV infection.
Coverage‐Dependent Self‐Assembly of Rubrene Molecules on Noble Metal Surfaces Observed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Pivetta Marina , Blüm Marie‐Christine , Patthey François , Schneider Wolf‐Dieter
Published: April 2010

Coverage‐dependent self‐assembly of rubrene molecules on different noble metal surfaces, Au(111) and Au(100), Ag(111) and Ag(100), is presented. On Au(111), the homochiral supramolecular assemblies evolve with increasing rubrene coverage from very small structures composed of a few molecules, to honeycomb islets, and to one‐dimensional chains of supramolecular pentamers. At higher coverage, the racemic mixture of molecules forms close‐packed islands. On Au(100), chains of pentamers and two different types of densely packed islands are formed. On the Ag surfaces, exclusively close‐packed islands are created, independently of the rubrene coverage. Moreover, the role of the chiral nature of the molecules in the self‐assembly process is discussed, as well as the existence of different molecular conformers depending on the supramolecular assembled phase. The observed differences and similarities reflect the influence of the electronic properties and the geometric structure of the various substrates on molecular self‐assembly.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Core–Shell Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Kulp Christian , Chen Xingxing , Puschhof Andrea , Schwamborn Stefanie , Somsen Christoph , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Bron Michael
Published: April 2010

A novel electrochemical method to prepare platinum shells around carbon‐supported metal nanoparticles (Ru and Au) by pulsed electrodeposition from solutions containing Pt ions is presented. Shell formation is confirmed by characteristic changes in the cyclic voltammograms, and is further evidenced by monitoring particle growth by transmission electron microscopy as well as by energy‐dispersive analysis of X rays (EDX). Scanning electrochemical microscopy and EDX measurements indicate a selective Pt deposition on the metal/carbon catalyst, but not on the glassy carbon substrate. The thus prepared carbon‐supported core–shell nanoparticles are investigated with regard to their activity in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction, which demonstrates the applicability of these materials in electrocatalysis or sensors.
A consideration on R&D direction for future Internet architecture
Authors: Esaki Hiroshi
Published: April 2010

The professional Internet system has been operated for more than 20 years, while preserving the continuous introduction of technical innovations. The Internet architecture, of course including the future Internet, must preserve the following five essential features of the Internet architecture. These are (1) autonomous, (2) distributed, (3) disconnected, (4) inter‐domain, and (5) global operation. The current Internet system is challenged by the following three aspects; global, ubiquitous and mobility.

ISOC, Internet Society (www.isoc.org), has initiated the strategic initiative that is focusing on ‘Trust and Identifier’. We must re‐design the identifier, directory service, trust model, routing and communication model for the computer system and for the computer networks. For example, Delay Tolerant Networking or Peer‐to‐Peer system architecture would challenge the introduction of new technological frameworks to the existing Internet. Finally, this paper discusses how to build and how to deploy the future Internet infrastructure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vectors for efficient and high‐throughput construction of fluorescent drosophila reporters using the PhiC31 site‐specific integration system
Authors: Boy Aurelia L. , Zhai Zongzhao , Habring‐Müller Anette , Kussler‐Schneider Yvonne , Kaspar Petra , Lohmann Ingrid
Published: April 2010

The fruit fly Drosophila is a leading model system for the study of transcriptional control by cis‐regulatory elements or enhancers. Here, we present a rapid and highly efficient system for the large‐scale analysis of enhancer elements, site‐specifically integrated into the Drosophila genome. This system, which is scalable for either small projects or high‐throughput approaches, makes use of the Gateway cloning technology and the PhiC31 site‐specific integration system, which allows the insertion of constructs at predetermined genomic locations. Thus, this system allows not only a fast and easy analysis of reporter gene expression in live animals, but also the simultaneous analysis of different regulatory outputs on a cellular resolution by recombining in the same animal distinct enhancer elements fused to different fluorescent proteins. genesis 48:452–456, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement and modelling of bryophyte evaporation in a boreal forest chronosequence
Authors: Bond‐Lamberty Ben , Gower Stith T. , Amiro Brian , Ewers Brent E.
Published: April 2010

The effects of changing climate and disturbance on forest water cycling are not well understood. In particular, bryophytes contribute significantly to forest evapotranspiration in poorly drained boreal forests, but few studies have directly measured this flux and how it changes with stand age and soil drainage. We measured bryophyte evaporation (E) in the field (in CanadianPicea marianaforests of varying ages and soil drainages) and under controlled laboratory conditions, and modelled dailyEusing site‐specific meteorological data to drive a Penman–Monteith‐based model. Field measurements ofEaveraged 0·37 mm day−1and ranged from 0·03 (Pleurozium schreberiiin a 77‐year‐old dry stand) to 1·43 mm day−1(Sphagnum ripariumin a 43‐year‐old bog). In the laboratory, moss canopy resistance (which ranged from ∼0 to 1500 s m−1) was constant until a moss water content of ∼6 g g−1and then climbed sharply with further drying; unexpectedly, no difference was observed between the three moss groups (feather mosses, hollow mosses and hummock mosses) tested. Modelled annualEranged from 0·4 mm day−1, in the well‐drained stands, to ∼1 mm day−1in the 43‐year‐old bog. The Penman–Monteith modelling approach used was relatively insensitive to most parameters but only explained 35% of the variability in field measurements. BryophyteEwas greater in bogs than in upland stands, was driven by low‐lying mosses and varied with stand age only in the poorly drained stands; this suggests that bryophytes may provide a buffering effect to fire‐driven changes in tree transpiration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors controlling the spatial patterns of soil moisture in a grazed semi‐arid steppe investigated by multivariate geostatistics
Authors: Zhao Ying , Peth Stephan , Hallett Paul , Wang Xiaoyan , Giese Marc , Gao Yingzhi , Horn Rainer
Published: April 2010

Land use has a significant impact on spatial patterns of soil moisture, particularly in sensitive and poorly managed regions. This study evaluated the relative importance of soil, vegetation and topography in controlling the spatial moisture patterns in a grazed semi‐arid steppe of Inner Mongolia. Five fields were investigated during 2004–2006: two ungrazed plots since 1979 (UG 79) and 1999 (UG 99); three grazed plots in winter grazed (WG), continuously grazed (CG) and heavily grazed (HG) with 0·5, 1·2 and 2·0 sheep units ha−1 year−1, respectively. The data were analysed using correlation and geostatistical analysis. Results showed that (1) grazing reduced the volumetric moisture contents (0–6 cm) and their spatial heterogeneity; (2) soil moisture patterns had weak to moderate spatial structures and (3) soil and plant properties, especially soil physical properties, were the main factors controlling spatial moisture patterns. Multivariate geostatistics further showed scale‐dependent correlation for these controlling parameters depending on treatments. With increasing grazing intensity, heterogeneity of soil and plant properties decreased from a patchy to a homogeneous distribution. Specifically, the soil and plant properties strongly controlled the variation of soil moisture for UG 99 at short scale (45 m), and for CG and HG at long scale (90 m), however, weakly controlled the variation of soil moisture for UG 79 and WG. Our results have implications for the understanding ecohydrological processes of semi‐arid steppe as well as model parameterization. We suggest that pasture management strongly modified soil moisture patterns, which should be considered in the hydrological models at multiple spatial scales. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Task‐Specific Ionic Liquids Based on Peroxydisulfate and Their Application in Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Shi Shenyi , Kong Aiguo , Zhao Xinhua , Zhang Qiying , Shan Yongkui
Published: April 2010

Four new task‐specific ionic liquids based on the peroxydisulfate ion were synthesized by the ion exchange method and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The physicochemical characteristics of these ionic liquids such as density, thermal stability, conductivity, viscosity, and solubility in common solvents have been investigated in detail. The experimental results testify that the ionic liquids prepared show excellent performance as both oxidant and medium in given oxidation reactions of alcohols and thiols under mild reaction conditions.
Atropochiral C,X‐ and C,C‐Chelating Carbon Ligands
Authors: Canac Yves , Chauvin Remi
Published: April 2010

In the realm of atropochiral ligands initiated by the BINOL and BINAP paradigms and extended by modifications of the 1,1′‐binaphthyl backbone and the coordinating heteroatoms (O, P, N, S,..), the emerging domain of the carbon versions serving as spectator ligands in catalysis is reviewed. These atropochiral C,X‐chelating ligands are classified according to their coordinating mode (monodentate or bidentate), to the nature of the auxiliary donor X (a heteroatom or a carbon atom), to the overall charge of the coordinating carbon function (neutral or anionic C‐ligands), and to the hapticity of the coordinating carbon function (η1 for NHCs and ylides, or η2 for alkenes). Emphasis is put on both synthetic aspects and applications in catalysis, and especially in asymmetric catalysis. This survey suggests that the “carbon ligands” should continue to provide surprises not only in coordination chemistry and in stereoselective synthesis and catalysis, but also in fundamental molecular chemistry by pushing farther the stability limits of the metal–ligand interactions, thus reconciliating further the fields of organic and inorganic chemistry.
Methylene Blue Interactions with Chromosomal and Plasmid DNA on Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Palinska A. , Grodzka A. , Elzanowska H. , Kepska B. , Zwierkowska E. , Achmatowicz S. , Maj‐Zurawska M.
Published: April 2010

Methylene blue (MB) is a typical photosensitizing agent and a DNA hybridization indicator, but its modes of interaction with the DNA molecules are not clearly described, particularly in relation to its electrochemical oxidation signals. To probe the DNA‐MB interactions we have used chromosomal salmon testes and supercoiled plasmid sc pUC19 DNA immobilized on home‐made screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) and a wide range of MB concentrations, from nano‐ to micromolar. The applicability of the home‐made screen‐printed electrodes used for the DNA‐MB studies were tested using standard calf thymus DNA. Two MB oxidation peak signals: MB(I) at ca. −0.18 V and MB(II) at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl were detected within ±10–15% standard deviation, signals different from adsorbed MB signal (−0.25 V, pH 4.7). The MB(I) signal, seen when both DNAs were used, showed two plateaus, one at nano‐ and another at micromolar MB concentrations; these were accompanied by the changes in the oxidation signal at 0.98 V, usually attributed to guanine oxidation. In contrast, the MB(II) signal was only seen for salmon testes DNA, indicating various modes of MB interactions with chromosomal and plasmid DNA. In the presence of MB, the guanine related signal (G) at 0.98 V has been amplified significantly (10×), allowing for the identification of the DNAs at low DNA concentrations, the feature particularly useful in the plasmid sc pUC19 detection. The use of another DNA intercalator, riboflavin (RF), aided in the identification of the relation between MB(I), MB(II) and G oxidation signals.
A New Material Based on Nanostructured Prussian Blue Analogue Film Doped with Ce(III) for Development of Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor
Authors: Bian Xiu Zhu , Luo Hong Qun , Li Nian Bing
Published: April 2010

Prussian blue analogue nanoparticles doped with Ce(III) (CeHCF) have been synthesized using chitosan (CS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as protective matrix and were cast onto a glassy carbon electrode surface directly. Transmission electron microscopy, UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy and resonance Rayleigh scattering technique were employed to characterize the PB analogue nanoparticles protected with CS and PDDA. Compared with the bare glassy carbon electrode, the modified electrode exhibited excellent performances for determining H2O2. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the CS‐PDDA‐CeHCF nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode for practical sensing applications.
Bismuth Film Combined with Screen‐Printed Electrode as Biosensing Platform for Phenol Detection
Authors: Merkoçi Arben , Anik Ulku , Çevik Serdar , Çubukçu Meliha , Guix Maria
Published: April 2010

Mushroom tissue was immobilized onto plain screen printed electrode (SPE) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modified SPE (SPE/MWCNT) via bismuth (Bi) deposition. By this way, SPE/Bi/Tissue and SPE/MWCNT/Bi/Tissue biosensors for phenol detection were obtained. UV‐visible spectroscopy and SEM were utilized for explain the immobilization procedure. After optimizing working parameters, both biosensors were compared in terms of analytical characteristics. Linear range of response were found as 5–100 μM for SPE/Bi/Tissue and 2–200 μM for SPE/MWCNT/Bi/Tissue while detection limits were calculated as 0.48 μM and 1.17 μM for SPE/Bi/Tissue and SPE/MWCNT/Bi/Tissue respectively. Developed systems were also applied for phenol detection in synthetically prepared waste water sample and very promising results were obtained.
A magnetic bead‐based serum proteomic fingerprinting method for parallel analytical analysis and micropreparative purification
Authors: Wong Melody Y. M. , Yu Karen O. Y. , Poon Terence C. W. , Ang Irene L. , Law Man‐Ki , Chan Kiwi Y. W. , Ng Eddy W. Y. , Ngai Sai‐Ming , Sung Joseph J. Y. , Chan Henry L. Y.
Published: April 2010

ProteinChip surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization technology and magnetic beads‐based ClinProt system are commonly used for semi‐quantitative profiling of plasma proteome in biomarker discovery. Unfortunately, the proteins/peptides detected by MS are non‐recoverable. To obtain the protein identity of a MS peak, additional time‐consuming and material‐consuming purification steps have to be done. In this study, we developed a magnetic beads‐based proteomic fingerprinting method that allowed semi‐quantitative proteomic profiling and micropreparative purification of the profiled proteins in parallel. The use of different chromatographic magnetic beads allowed us to obtain different proteomic profiles, which were comparable to those obtained by the ProteinChip surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization technology. Our assays were semi‐quantitative. The normalized peak intensity was proportional to concentration measured by immunoassay. Both intra‐assay and inter‐assay coefficients of variation of the normalized peak intensities were in the range of 4–30%. Our method only required 2 μL of serum or plasma for generating enough proteins for semi‐quantitative profiling by MALDI‐TOF‐MS as well as for gel electrophoresis and subsequent protein identification. The protein peaks and corresponding gel spots could be easily matched by comparing their intensities and masses. Because of its high efficiency and reproducibility, our method has great potentials in clinical research, especially in biomarker discovery.
Separation of flavonoids and phenolic acids in complex natural products by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography using surfactant‐coated and carboxylic single‐wall carbon nanotubes as additives
Authors: Cao Jun , Qu Haibin , Cheng Yiyu
Published: April 2010

In this paper, we investigated the analytical potential of the use of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with different dispersion as additives in MEEKC. The addition of surfactant‐coated single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SC‐SWNTs) in microemulsion provided a more efficient method than carboxylic SWNTs for the separation of three flavonoids and six phenolic acids depending on the interaction between the analytes and SWNTs surface. Additionally, the effect of important factors was examined by changing experimental variables such as the dispersion of SWNTs, surfactants and cosurfactants. Finally, the MEEKC method using SC‐SWNTs was successfully applied to complex natural products (drug pair of Radix Astragali and Radix et Rhizoma Salvia Miltiorrhizae), with satisfactory results.
Characterization of the interaction between fibroblasts and tumor cells on a microfluidic co‐culture device
Authors: Ma Huipeng , Liu Tingjiao , Qin Jianhua , Lin Bingcheng
Published: April 2010

Fibroblasts and tumor cells have been involved in the process of cancer development, progression and therapy. Here, we present a simple microfluidic device which enables to study the interaction between fibroblasts and tumor cells by indirect contact co‐culture. The device is composed of multiple cell culture chambers which are connected by a parallel of cell migration regions, and it enables to realize different types of cells to communicate each other on the single device. In this work, human embryonic lung fibroblasts cells were observed to exhibit obvious migration towards tumor cells instead of normal epithelial cells on the co‐culture device. Moreover, transdifferentiation of human embryonic lung fibroblast cells was recognized by the specific expression of α‐smooth musle actin, indicating the effect of tumor cells on the behavior of fibroblasts. Furthermore, multiple types of cell co‐culture can be demonstrated on the single device which enables to mimic the complicated microenviroment in vivo. The device is simple and easy to operate, which enables to realize real‐time observation of cell migration after external stimulus. This microfluidic device allows for the characterization of various cellular events on a single device sequentially, faciliating the better understanding of interaction between heterotypic cells in a more complex microenvironment.
Determining the influence of rainfall patterns and carbendazim on the surface activity of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris
Authors: Ellis Sian R. , Hodson Mark E. , Wege Phil
Published: April 2010

Carbendazim is highly toxic to earthworms and is used as a standard control substance when running field-based trials of pesticides, but results using carbendazim are highly variable. In the present study, impacts of timing of rainfall events following carbendazim application on earthworms were investigated. Lumbricus terrestris were maintained in soil columns to which carbendazim and then deionized water (a rainfall substitute) were applied. Carbendazim was applied at 4 kg/ha, the rate recommended in pesticide field trials. Three rainfall regimes were investigated: initial and delayed heavy rainfall 24 h and 6 d after carbendazim application, and frequent rainfall every 48 h. Earthworm mortality and movement of carbendazim through the soil was assessed 14 d after carbendazim application. No detectable movement of carbendazim occurred through the soil in any of the treatments or controls. Mortality in the initial heavy and frequent rainfall was significantly higher (approximately 55%) than in the delayed rainfall treatment (approximately 25%). This was due to reduced bioavailability of carbendazim in the latter treatment due to a prolonged period of sorption of carbendazim to soil particles before rainfall events. The impact of carbendazim application on earthworm surface activity was assessed using video cameras. Carbendazim applications significantly reduced surface activity due to avoidance behavior of the earthworms. Surface activity reductions were least in the delayed rainfall treatment due to the reduced bioavailability of the carbendazim. The nature of rainfall events' impacts on the response of earthworms to carbendazim applications, and details of rainfall events preceding and following applications during field trials should be made at a higher level of resolution than is currently practiced according to standard International Organization for Standardization protocols. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010; 29:1821–1827. © 2010 SETAC
High‐resolution analysis of genomic alteration on chromosome arm 8p in urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Williams Sarah V. , Platt Fiona M. , Hurst Carolyn D. , Aveyard Jo S. , Taylor Claire F. , Pole Jessica C.M. , Garcia Maria J. , Knowles Margaret A.
Published: April 2010

Loss of chromosome arm 8p, sometimes in combination with amplification of proximal 8p, is found in urothelial carcinoma (UC) and other epithelial cancers and is associated with more advanced tumor stage. We carried out array comparative genomic hybridization on 174 UC and 33 UC cell lines to examine breakpoints and copy number. This was followed by a detailed analysis of the cell lines using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and, in some cases, M‐FISH, to refine breakpoints and determine translocation partners, heterozygosity analysis, and analysis of expression of selected genes. We showed an overall pattern of 8p loss with reduced heterozygosity and reduced gene expression. Amplification was seen in some samples and shown in the cell line JMSU1 to correlate with overexpression of ZNF703, ERLIN2, PROSC, GPR124, and BRF2. Apart from the centromere, no single breakpoint was overrepresented, and we postulate that frequent complex changes without consistent breakpoints reflect the need for alterations of combinations of genes. The region around 2 Mb, which was homozygously deleted in one cell line and includes the gene ARHGEF10 and the micro‐RNA hsa‐mir‐596, is one candidate tumor suppressor gene region. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppression of natural convection heat transfer along a vertical flat plate with concavities
Authors: Sakai Yusuke , Kawashima Hisanobu , Inada Shigeaki
Published: April 2010

To clarify the effect of the suppression of natural heat transfer, the local heat transfer coefficients on a vertical cooled flat plate with circular grooves were measured by a multi‐type thermocouple method. Two flat plates with and without periodic circular grooves were tested in this experiment. The characteristics of heat transfer along the plate for both plates were compared. The local heat transfer coefficients on the periodic grooved plate became smaller than that of the flat plate. The flow pattern was changed when it passed over the grooves, and circulation was generated in the grooves in the downstream. As a result, the thickness of the thermal boundary layer on the grooved plate was more developed than the normal flat plate. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20294
Turbulent diffusion combustion model using chemical equilibrium combined with the eddy dissipation concept for reducing detailed chemical mechanisms: An application of H2‐air turbulent diffusion flame
Authors: Fukumoto Kazui , Ogami Yoshifumi
Published: April 2010

This research aims at building a turbulent diffusion combustion model based on chemical equilibrium and kinetics for simplifying a complex chemical mechanism. This paper presents the combustion model based on chemical equilibrium combined with an eddy dissipation concept model (CE‐EDC); the model is validated by simulating a H2‐air turbulent diffusion flame. In the CE‐EDC model, the reaction rate of fuels and intermediate species are estimated by using the equations of the EDC model. Then, the reacted fuels and intermediate species are assumed to be in chemical equilibrium; the amounts of the other species are determined by the Gibbs free energy minimization method by using the amounts of the reacted fuels, intermediate species, and air as reactants. An advantage of the CE‐EDC model is that the amounts of the combustion products can be determined without using detailed chemical mechanisms. Moreover, it can also predict the amounts of the intermediate species. The obtained results are compared with Takagi's experimental data and the data computed by the EDC model, which uses the complex chemical mechanisms. The mole fractions of H2, O2, H2O, temperature, and velocity obtained by using our CE‐EDC model were in good agreement with the reference data without taking into account the chemical reaction rates of the O2 and H2O. Furthermore, the mole fractions of OH and H are in good agreement with the results of the EDC model at high temperatures. On the other hand, the chemical equations involving OH and H were used for predicting the mole fractions of OH and H, which were similar to those obtained from the EDC model at low temperatures. Using the present CE‐EDC model, amounts of combustion products can be calculated by using a reduced chemical mechanism and the Gibbs free energy minimization theory. The accuracy of this model is in the same order as that of the EDC model. The CE‐EDC model uses reduced chemical mechanism concerning selected species, while the result of the chemical equilibrium calculation was employed to the other species; further, the accuracy of the CE‐EDC model is the same as that of the EDC model as to major species, T, U, and k. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20296