bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The QEB questionnaire as an instrument to examine opinions on food and nutrition and indicators of the quality of diet
Authors: Wawrzyniak Agata , Woźniak Agnieszka Elżbieta , Anyzewska Anna , Kwiatkowska Małgorzata , Kołłajtis-Dołowy Anna
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the Questionnaire Eating Behaviours (QEB), developed by the Science Committee of Human Nutrition of the Polish Academy of Sciences, as an instrument to examine the opinions on food and nutrition and diet quality indicators in women in various age groups.

Design/methodology/approach

The study involved 161 healthy Polish women aged 18–92, divided into four age groups to assess the QEB questionnaire, as an instrument to examine the opinions on food and nutrition and diet quality indicators.

Findings

Women provided statistically significant responses to 40 per cent of the statements in the test. In the case of 60 per cent of responses proper answers increased with the age of the participant. Questionnaire determines that people whose opinions were more compliant with nutritional knowledge more often applied the principles of proper nutrition. Dependencies between the number of points from the test of opinions about food and nutrition and the Prohealthy-Diet-Index (pHDI-8) or the sum of points from the test and the Non-healthy-Diet-Index (nHDI-8) were indicated. People who obtained the higher pHDI-8 and the lower nHDI-8 coefficient better evaluated their diet.

Originality/value

The QEB questionnaire can be an effective, quick and cheap instrument recommended to examine the association between the opinion about food and nutrition and the quality of diet of people at various ages and useful in determining the directions of further education and improvement in the quality of diet, including its assessment in large population groups.
Food-based experiences as antecedents of destination loyalty
Authors: Di-Clemente Elide , Hernández-Mogollón José Manuel , Campón-Cerro Ana María
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test the value of experientiality as a determining factor for destination loyalty (LOYD) in the context of culinary tourism. The present research sees in memorability (MEM), Quality of Life (QoL) and place attachment (PA) experiential variables driving future loyal intentions to revisit a certain place.

Design/methodology/approach

The causal relationships between the concepts have been analysed using structural equation modelling and the partial least squares technique.

Findings

Results achieved confirmed that new concepts should be considered in order to reach a better understanding of the current experiential phenomenon and to provide destinations and practitioners with new strategies in line with the requirements of the sector and the modern consumers’ expectations.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the application of a convenience sample, results should be understood within the context of this case study.

Practical implications

The conclusion of this research highlights the importance of delivering food-based experiences to travellers with the aim of generating a positive impact in individuals’ lives, beyond the holiday time. This can result in QoL and PA which are strong antecedent of future loyal intentions towards a destination.

Originality/value

This work represent one the first attempts to measure the experiential value of food-based experiences lived on holidays and its effect on marketing results. This research outlines useful strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of destinations in the new experiential scenario.
How open is food innovation?The crispbread case
Authors: Grimsby Sveinung , Kure Cathrine Finne
Published: June 2019

Purpose

How does the cereal industry innovate in selective partnerships? The purpose of this paper is to study the cereal industry and the crispbread success in terms of how different forms of openness jointly shape new product development (NPD).

Design/methodology/approach

A multiphase mixed methods design was used to combine three sets of data: a case study, sales figures and interviews with ten major actors in the Norwegian cereal industry.

Findings

Transparency and interaction with machinery suppliers appear to result in a more successful type of innovation. In practice, companies are more open than, perhaps, they realise. Factors such as mutual trust, asset control and distribution are positive for openness in innovation processes with suppliers.

Practical implications

Future actors such as suppliers, producers, distributors and policy makers in the food industry will benefit from trust and an open innovation (OI) mind-set during NPD.

Originality/value

Prior to 2011, Norway had no large-scale commercial crispbread production. Six years later, Norwegian production nears the sales figures of the leading Swedish brand Wasa. Is this due to OI? Understanding various forms of selective partnership, collaboration and trust among actors in the food industry is valuable for future growth.
Food plate waste: factors influencing insinuated intention in a university food service setting
Authors: Zhao Xingyi , Manning Louise
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to consider the factors that influence food plate waste in a UK university food service setting and the insinuated intention to waste food among staff and students.

Design/methodology/approach

The study conducted empirical research using an online questionnaire (n=260) at the university. The data were analysed descriptively and inferentially by IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.

Findings

Multiple factors influence the level of food plate waste including gender, different categories of food, plate size, portion size and palatability. Two recommendations to reduce plate food waste in the university food service setting include providing a variation in plate size and pricing strategy by portion rather than a whole meal, and communicating with staff and students in the food service setting.

Research limitations/implications

The research contributes, along with previous studies, by focussing here on participants’ food waste intention in food service settings and evidencing the factors of influence.

Originality/value

The research contributes to understanding on participants’ food waste intention in food service settings.
Orchestration and governance in digital platform ecosystems: a literature review and trends
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sandip , Bouwman Harry
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Because of the attention increasingly being focused on digital transformation, interest in business models of platform-enabled ecosystems is rising rapidly. Although there are different theoretical views on the role of ecosystems, a synthesis of research, with a focus on governance and orchestration in dynamic, multi-industry eco-systems, is lacking.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review was conducted by following a rigorous search protocol in the scholarly databases covering both journal articles and conference papers These papers were subsequently filtered, and finally, 48 relevant papers were selected for analysis.

Findings

The review identifies five key aspects of platform governance design that need close consideration: the meta-organisation or ecosystem design, coordination mechanisms, mechanisms for value co-creation, value appropriation mechanisms and architectural principles. To achieve balance among a set of competing demands, platform leaders need to devote adequate attention to these aspects.

Practical implications

Based on a literature review, the authors provide an overview of underlying theoretical views, research methods and key trends to develop a sound theoretical grounding for research on platform governance design. The paper also suggests research gaps in the existing literature and sets directions for researchers to strengthen the understanding of effective platform governance design. The paper also provides valuable information to managers in developing or leading a successful platform ecosystem.

Originality/value

The paper uses existing literature published in this topic and original in nature.
Two integrable third-order and fifth-order KdV equations with time-dependent coefficients
Authors: Wazwaz Abdul-Majid
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is concerned with developing two integrable Korteweg de-Vries (KdV) equations of third- and fifth-orders; each possesses time-dependent coefficients. The study shows that multiple soliton solutions exist and multiple complex soliton solutions exist for these two equations.

Design/methodology/approach

The integrability of each of the developed models has been confirmed by using the Painlev´e analysis. The author uses the complex forms of the simplified Hirota’s method to obtain two fundamentally different sets of solutions, multiple real and multiple complex soliton solutions for each model.

Findings

The time-dependent KdV equations feature interesting results in propagation of waves and fluid flow.

Research limitations/implications

The paper presents a new efficient algorithm for constructing time-dependent integrable equations.

Practical implications

The author develops two time-dependent integrable KdV equations of third- and fifth-order. These models represent more specific data than the constant equations. The author showed that integrable equation gives real and complex soliton solutions.

Social implications

The work presents useful findings in the propagation of waves.

Originality/value

The paper presents a new efficient algorithm for constructing time-dependent integrable equations.
CFD-based blade shape optimization of MGT-70(3)axial flow compressor
Authors: Pakatchian Mohammad Reza , Saeidi Hossein , Ziamolki Alireza
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This study aims at enhancing the performance of a 16-stage axial compressor and improving the operating stability. The adopted approaches for upgrading the compressor are artificial neural network, optimization algorithms and computational fluid dynamics.

Design/methodology/approach

The process starts with developing several data sets for certain 2D sections by means of training several artificial neural networks (ANNs) as surrogate models. Afterward, the trained ANNs are applied to the 3D shape optimization along with parametrization of the blade stacking line. Specifying the significant design parameters, a wide range of geometrical variations are considered by implementation of appropriate number of design variables. The optimized shapes are analyzed by applying computational fluid dynamic to obtain the best geometry.

Findings

3D optimal results show improvements, especially in the case of decreasing or elimination of near walls corner separations. In addition, in comparison with the base geometry, numerical optimization shows an increase of 1.15 per cent in total isentropic efficiency in the first four stages, which results in 0.6 per cent improvement for the whole compressor, even while keeping the rest of the stages unchanged. To evaluate the numerical results, experimental data are compared with obtained data from simulation. Based on the results, the highest absolute relative deviation between experimental and numerical static pressure is approximately 7.5 per cent.

Originality/value

The blades geometry of an axial compressor used in a heavy-duty gas turbine is optimized by applying artificial neural network, and the results are compared with the base geometry numerically and experimentally.
Numerical solutions of the second-order dual-phase-lag equation using the explicit and implicit schemes of the finite difference method
Authors: Majchrzak Ewa , Mochnacki Bohdan
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is the application of the finite difference method (FDM) for numerical modeling of the microscale heat transfer processes occurring in the domain of thin metal film subjected to a laser pulse. The problem discussed is described by the different variants of the second-order dual-phase-lag equation (DPLE). The laser action is taken into account by the introduction of internal volumetric heat source to the governing equation. The capacity of the source is dependent on the geometrical co-ordinates and duration of the laser beam. The modified forms of DPLE presented in the paper, resulting from the certain substitutions introduced to the basic equation.

Design/methodology/approach

At the stage of numerical computations, the different variants of the FDM are applied. Both the explicit and implicit FDM schemes are used. The formula determining the capacity of the internal heat source suggests the formulation of the task discussed using the cylindrical co-ordinate system. The in-house programs realizing the numerical computations concern the axially-symmetrical tasks. In this paper, the metal films made of the nickel and gold are considered.

Findings

The algorithms presented make possible to analyze the heating/cooling processes occurring in the domain of metal film having a thickness Z for the different laser parameters (laser intensity, characteristic time of laser pulse and laser beam radius) and the different materials (optical penetration depth, reflectivity of irradiated surface, lag times, thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat).

Research limitations/implications

Not for all metals, one can find information on lag times. In the literature, analytical formulas can be found to calculate these values, but they are strongly approximated. It should be pointed out that there are some limitations concerning the delay times of material considered, which assure the physical correctness of the second-order DPLE.

Originality/value

The FDM algorithm concerns the three-dimensional cylindrical domain while a large majority of the second-order DPLE numerical solutions have been obtained for the one-dimensional tasks. Both the implicit and explicit numerical schemes are proposed and the testing computations confirm the correctness and effectiveness of the algorithms presented.
Effectiveness of improved Fourier-Fick laws in a stratified non-Newtonian fluid with variable fluid characteristics
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Naz Saira , Hayat Tasawar , Shehzad Sabir Ali , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of improved Fourier–Fick laws subjected to variable fluid characteristics. Flow analysis in the stagnation region of Oldroyd-B fluid is elaborated. Heat generation is present.

Design/methodology/approach

Optimal homotopy analysis method is used to obtain convergent solutions.

Findings

The outcomes reveal reduction in penetration depths of temperature and concentration due to involvement of thermal and solutal relaxation times of fluxes.

Originality/value

As per the authors’ knowledge, such analysis has not yet been reported.
Turbulent forced convection in a shell and tube heat exchanger equipped with novel design of wing baffles
Authors: Youcef Ahmed , Saim Rachid , Öztop Hakan F. , Ali Mohamed
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This work presents a numerical study of the dynamic and thermal behavior of a turbulent flow in a shell and tube heat exchanger equipped with a new design of baffle type wing. The implementation of this type of baffle makes it possible to lengthen the path of the fluid in the shell, to increase the heat flux exchanged on the one hand and is to capture the weakness of the shell and tube heat exchanger with segmental baffles on the other hand.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper aims to analyze numerically the thermo-convective behavior of water using CFD technique by solving the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy by the finite volume method based on the SIMPLE algorithm for coupling velocity-pressure. To describe the turbulence phenomenon, the Realizable k–ε model is employed. The analysis is done for different mass flow rates. The parameters studied are: the fluid outlet temperature, the average heat transfer coefficient, the pressure drop, the total heat transfer rate, the effect of the geometric shape of the baffle on the thermal behavior. The purpose of this study is to propose a new design of a shell and tube heat exchanger with a high heat transfer coefficient and a lower pressure drop compared to a shell and tube heat exchanger with transverse and segmental baffles.

Findings

The results showed that the use of the wing baffles enhanced the heat transfer coefficient significantly and reduced the friction coefficient. Compared with segmental baffles, the wing baffles are 11.67, 18.53 and 11.5 per cent lower in the pressure drop and 1.79, 1.9 and 2.39 per cent higher in the Nusselt number for the three mass flow rates 0.5, 1 and 2 kg/s, respectively.

Originality/value

The originality of this work lies in proposing a three-dimensional analysis for a novel heat exchanger.
Harvesting tourists’ ideas through an idea contest
Authors: Lalicic Lidija , Dickinger Astrid
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This study aims to demonstrate how destination management organizations can fruitfully harvest users’ ideas by facilitating an online idea contest to enhance value creation and innovation processes. The structure of the idea quality, contest-related factors and user-related factors are investigated in relation to the overall quality of the ideas submitted by users.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 489 ideas were assessed based on the overall quality and effects of various factors. A structural model was tested to analyze the dimensions contributing to quality of the submissions that influence the overall idea quality. Furthermore, non-parametric tests were performed to reveal how specific user traits as well as contest-related traits relate to overall idea quality. Lastly, post-hoc analyses were performed to reveal if mean values differ among users who are grouped according to age, overall idea quality, place of residence and age at time of submission.

Findings

The study demonstrates that novelty, feasibility, relevance and elaboration explain overall idea quality. Only the age of the idea submitter exhibits an impact on the level of idea quality, wherein younger users tend to submit higher quality ideas. The areas of innovation significantly differ depending on the users’ place of residence and age. Moreover, none of the contest-related traits that were analyzed have an impact on the level of overall idea quality.

Practical implications

Marketing managers and destination management organizations are given a set of recommendations on how to facilitate internet-based participation tools, such as idea contests, to collect high-quality input from various user segments and, subsequently, to feed their value creation and innovation processes.

Originality/value

Within the field of tourism, the open tourism paradigm is relatively new. New insights into the role of online tools, and how they can be leveraged to harvest users’ ideas, as well as users’ capabilities for enhancing tourism firms’ value creation and innovation processes, are provided.
Beer style subcategories: persuading consumers to become loyal
Authors: Boger Jr Carl A. , Kwon Jookyung , Ritter Marisa
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Beer style consumers identify themselves more with a beer style, craft or national, rather than with brands. Tribal brand researchers have suggested that beer style consumers feel an intense sense of belonging to a beer style tribe, which may not lead to loyalty to their beer style. The purpose of this paper is to test whether public commitment to defend or spread positive word-of-mouth (WoM) about their beer style influences the development of loyalty among beer style consumers toward their beer style.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors surveyed 400 beer style consumers and used the structural equation modeling approach to examine the loyalty relationships between beer style consumers and their beer style. The authors followed Oliver’s cognitive-affective-conative loyalty framework to test these relationships. Then, the authors tested whether a verbal commitment to defend or spread positive WoM about their beer style strengthens loyalty between beer style consumers and their beer style.

Findings

Satisfaction of beer style consumers toward their beer style does not lead them to be willing to pay a premium price for their beer style. However, by including a public commitment to defend or spread positive WoM about their beer style, beer style consumers are more willing to pay a premium price for their beer style even in the presence of an intense sense of belonging to a beer style tribe.

Originality/value

Soliciting public commitment influences the development of loyalty among tribal consumers, which may also influence nontribal consumers. In addition, the inclusion of public commitment to Oliver’s loyalty framework, i.e., cognitive-affective-public commitment-conative, extends the use of Oliver’s model to consumer tribes. Finally, this study also suggests that the relationship between having a sense of belonging to a consumer tribe and willingness to pay a premium price can be influenced by a public commitment without first establishing brand satisfaction by consumers.
A contingent assessment of the structural and governance characteristics of interconnected dyads in multitier supply chains
Authors: Mahapatra Santosh K. , Narasimhan Ram , Barbieri Paolo
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the buyer–supplier exchange dynamic in terms of the influence of product and market contingencies on the interfirm connectivity, governance and exchange performance of interconnected dyads in multitier supply chains (MSCs).

Design/methodology/approach

Using an inductive approach, the authors analyzed the supply network of a high-end motorcycle manufacturer (OEM). Four sets of “interconnected dyads” constituting four embedded units of analysis were considered, each involving the OEM, its tier 1 and corresponding tier 2 suppliers. These interconnected dyads representing four strategic components and their sub-components offer contrasts in terms of product and market contingencies.

Findings

This analysis reveals that product and market contingencies influence patterns of dependence among firms. These in turn impact interfirm connectivity (i.e. structural characteristic), and the degree of contract formalization, collaboration and concentration of decision-making power (i.e. governance characteristics) in the interconnected dyads. The authors also found that structural and governance aspects can have mutual influence, leading to satisfactory or unsatisfactory outcomes. Propositions synthesizing the relationships among the constructs are developed.

Research limitations/implications

The constructs and their underlying relationships need to be further refined if we are to devise hypotheses and validate them at a large-scale empirical level.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies to explore the influence of business contingencies on the complex buyer–supplier exchange dynamic in MSCs having a “beyond the dyad” perspective. The authors address why and how various types of interconnectivity are developed, and how the interplay among interfirm dependence, connectivity and governance influences the suppliers’ performance in the MSCs.
On verifying the authenticity of e-commercial crawling data by a semi-crosschecking method
Authors: Dang Tran Khanh , Pham Duc Minh Chau , Ho Duc Dan
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Data crawling in e-commerce for market research often come with the risk of poor authenticity due to modification attacks. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel data authentication model for such systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The data modification problem requires careful examinations in which the data are re-collected to verify their reliability by overlapping the two datasets. This approach is to use different anomaly detection techniques to determine which data are potential for frauds and to be re-collected. The paper also proposes a data selection model using their weights of importance in addition to anomaly detection. The target is to significantly reduce the amount of data in need of verification, but still guarantee that they achieve their high authenticity. Empirical experiments are conducted with real-world datasets to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

Findings

The authors examine several techniques for detecting anomalies in the data of users and products, which give the accuracy of 80 per cent approximately. The integration with the weight selection model is also proved to be able to detect more than 80 per cent of the existing fraudulent ones while being careful not to accidentally include ones which are not, especially when the proportion of frauds is high.

Originality/value

With the rapid development of e-commerce fields, fraud detection on their data, as well as in Web crawling systems is new and necessary for research. This paper contributes a novel approach in crawling systems data authentication problem which has not been studied much.
External and internal determinants of performances of Shariah and non-Shariah compliant firms
Authors: Ho Catherine S.F. , Mohd-Raff Nor Erna Nabila
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This study aims to provide comprehensive models that investigate the combination of both external fundamentals and internal characteristics on firm performance and if there is any difference between Shariah and non-Shariah compliant firms. The objective of this paper therefore is to analyze the significant relation between external fundamentals, internal characteristics and firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Panel data regression analyses are applied to determine significant results. It helps to control for unobserved factors of firm heterogeneity, which may result in spurious regression.

Findings

Most internal firm characteristics are found to be significant, but the same cannot be said for external fundamentals. Firm size is found to be very significant in driving both sets of firm performances. Financial distress in term of higher level of leverage is found to be a negative driver of non-Shariah-compliant firms’ performance in terms of return on asset but not for Shariah firms consistent with Islamic finance understanding. Shariah-compliant firms with higher liquidity tend to perform much better than less liquid firms, but the same is not found for non-Shariah-compliant ones.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to the industrial production sector and compares both Shariah and non-Shariah compliant firms.

Practical implications

This study adds new findings to clarify the roles of external macroeconomic fundamentals and internal characteristics determinants on firm performance. Findings from this study combine relevant information on different sets of determinants on firm performance and produce empirical evidence beneficial to both sets of Shariah and non-Shariah compliant firms in the industry.

Originality/value

This paper fulfills the need for firms to understand the external and internal environment for continuous survival and performance. It is therefore important for firms to recognize the possible factors which may influence their performance and mechanisms to sustain their performance for long-term survival.
Between cost and value
Authors: Buallay Amina
Published: June 2019

Purpose

There are wide debates about the costs and benefits of sustainability reporting. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between sustainability reporting and a firm’s financial, operational and market performance in order to determine when sustainability reporting benefits a firm and when it adds cost.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examined 342 financial institutions within the 20 countries that top the list of achievers of sustainable development goals for the 10 years 2007 through 2016, for a total of 3,420 observations. The independent variable is the environmental, social and governance (ESG) score; the dependent variables are performance indicators (return on assets, return on equity and Tobin’sQ). Two types of control variables are used in this study: firm level and country level.

Findings

The findings deduced from the empirical results demonstrate that, on the one hand, ESG positively affects market performance, which supports value creation theory. On the other hand, ESG negatively affects financial and operational performance, which supports cost-of-capital reduction theory.

Research limitations/implications

This study aims to find how sustainable disclosure can and does play a role in contributing towards performance of financial institutions to eventually achieve country’s sustainable development goals.

Practical implications

The study provides insights into the effect of sustainability reporting on different perspectives of business performance, which might be utilised by financial institutions to re-arrange their disclosure policy to be aligned with their strategy.

Originality/value

This study sheds light on the rare prior studies that relate sustainability reporting to indicators of business performance (operational, financial and market).
Personality traits and investor sentiment
Authors: Baker H. Kent , Kumar Satish , Goyal Nisha
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This paper examines the relation between the Big Five model of personality traits and behavioral biases (overconfidence, disposition effect, anchoring, representativeness, metal accounting, emotional bias and herding) of Indian individual investors when making investment decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a structured questionnaire to obtain responses from 515 stock investors in India between August 2016 and January 2017. Based on components identified through factor analysis, the authors use structural equation modeling to examine the effect of specific personality traits.

Findings

The findings indicate a significant association between the traits of neuroticism, extroversion and conscientiousness as well as behavioral biases of individual investors. Openness has a significant relation with only mental accounting and the agreeableness trait has no relation with the behavioral biases examined.

Research limitations/implications

The findings imply that understanding investor personality differences and investment psychology can help financial advisors and wealth managers modify products and services to better suit client needs.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has examined the impact of the Big Five model of personality traits on various behavioral biases among Indian investors.
Riffing Off Kevin Cox: Thinking through Comparison
Authors: Cochrane Allan
Published: June 2019

The question of comparison is one that haunts contemporary urban and regional studies—the need for it is taken for granted, but what it is, how to do it and what it can teach us remain matters of contention. In 2016 Kevin Cox published a book that brought some of these issues to the fore, challenging the ways in which US models have tended to dominate and (with the help of reflections on the experience of Western Europe) highlighting the extent of what he called the American exception. In this intervention four authors from different perspectives and located in different geographies deliver not a review or critique of the text but a series of responses, riffing off Cox to generate ways of thinking about comparison as well as offering alternative ways of approaching some of the issues with which he grapples, reflecting on particular national experiences while setting out to place them comparatively, and drawing wider conclusions while posing new questions, to which Kevin Cox in turn responds.
Withdrawn: Suicide: Exploring the Relationship Between Modality and Population Demographic (San Mateo County, CA, USA 2007–2018): A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Botham Alicia Devon
Published: June 2019

Withdrawal: Botham AD. Suicide: Exploring the Relationship Between Modality and Population Demographic (San Mateo County, CA, USA 2007–2018): A Population‐Based Study. J Forensic Sci 2019;64(6):1750‐60 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1556-4029.14090)

The above article, first published online on June 03, 2019, in Wiley Online Library, has been withdrawn at author’s request, and in agreement between the author, the JFS Editor‐in‐Chief (Dr. Michael Peat), and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The withdrawal has been agreed to by all parties given the article includes sensitive data which was not authorized for publication.
Taking Complex Systems Seriously: Visualizing and Modeling the Dynamics of Sustainable Peace
Authors: Coleman Peter T. , Liebovitch Larry S. , Fisher Joshua
Published: June 2019

The recent United Nation Secretary General's report on sustaining peace speaks to an urgent crisis of complexity in global affairs, where a wide assortment of nonstate actors wields more political power than ever before. In this context, the international community's traditional ways of forecasting, planning, policymaking, and assessing impact are becoming rapidly obsolete. In response, policymakers are calling for more holistic or systemic approaches to peace and development. Unfortunately, these proposed changes are merely ‘systems light’, essentially a metaphorical characterization of peace systems where their component parts are seen as interconnected and complicated. This form of systems thinking is insufficiently informed by more sophisticated methods from complexity science. This article will illustrate how two methods derived from complexity science, causal loop diagramming and mathematical modeling, can help us understand the properties and dynamics of intervention in complex peace systems. Causal loop diagrams help us to identify the peace factors and the connections between them. Mathematical modeling helps us determine the quantitative results of the interactions between all the peace factors. Using these methods together can lead to new insights for peacebuilding and for mitigating the unintended consequences of well intended policies.
Fluid balance after continuous renal replacement therapy initiation and outcome in paediatric multiple organ failure
Authors: Andersson Andreas , Norberg Åke , Broman Lars Mikael , Mårtensson Johan , Fläring Urban
Published: June 2019

Background

Patients with multiple organ failure (MOF) often receive large amounts of resuscitation fluid, making them at high risk of fluid overload (FO). Our main objective was to investigate if the ability to achieve a negative fluid balance during the first 3 continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) days was associated with mortality in children with MOF.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study in a tertiary multidisciplinary academic paediatric hospital. The study included 63 patients (age 0‐18 years) with 3 or more failing organs receiving CRRT due to acute kidney injury and/or fluid overload.

Results

The median age was 4 months, and PICU mortality was 29%. Survivors had significantly lower degree of FO at CRRT initiation, (median 15% (Interquartile range 9‐22)) than non‐survivors (24% (17%‐37%), P = 0.002). On PICU admission, PIM‐3 score was significantly higher in non‐survivors (P = 0.01), but at CRRT initiation there was no difference in PELOD‐2 score (P = 0.98). Mortality in patients achieving a cumulative net negative fluid balance during the first 3 days after CRRT initiation was 12%, compared to 86% in those not achieving this (P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, the inability to achieve a net negative fluid balance during 3 days after CRRT initiation (P < 0.0001) and FO >20% at CRRT initiation (P = 0.0019) remained associated with mortality.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that early fluid removal is associated with improved patient outcome in critically ill children receiving CRRT, and that prompt measures should be taken to prevent fluid overload in critical illness. These results need to be verified in further, prospective studies.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Zamani Mohammad , Alizadeh‐Tabari Shaghayegh , Zamani Vahid
Published: June 2019

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common and potential disabling functional gastrointestinal disorder. Studies have revealed a possible association between IBS and psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression. Existing systematic reviews have addressed only the levels of anxiety or depression in patients with IBS.

Aim

To investigate systematically the prevalence of anxiety or depression in IBS patients

Methods

A literature search was conducted using the related keywords from the bibliographic databases of Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and POPLINE published until 1 January 2019 with no language restriction. Studies reporting the prevalence of anxiety/depressive symptoms/disorders in adult (≥15 years) IBS patients were evaluated. The pooled prevalence, odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated using stata software.

Results

A total of 14 926 articles were initially screened, and finally 73 papers were included. The prevalence rates of anxiety symptoms and disorders in IBS patients were 39.1% (95% CI: 32.4‐45.8) and 23% (95% CI: 17.2‐28.8) respectively. The ORs for anxiety symptoms and disorders in IBS patients compared with healthy subjects were 3.11 (95% CI: 2.43‐3.98) and 2.52 (95% CI: 1.99‐3.20) respectively. The prevalence estimates of depressive symptoms and disorders in IBS patients were 28.8% (95% CI: 23.6‐34) and 23.3% (95% CI: 17.2‐29.4) respectively. The ORs for depressive symptoms and disorders in IBS patients compared to healthy subjects were 3.04 (95% CI: 2.37‐3.91) and 2.72 (95% CI: 2.45‐3.02) respectively.

Conclusion

Patients with IBS have a three‐fold increased odds of either anxiety or depression, compared to healthy subjects.
Bortezomib and dexamethasone, an original approach for treating multi‐refractory warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Authors: Fadlallah Jehane , Michel Marc , Crickx Etienne , Limal Nicolas , Costedoat Nathalie , Malphettes Marion , Fieschi Claire , Galicier Lionel , Oksenhendler Eric , Godeau Bertrand , Audia Sylvain , Mahévas Matthieu
Published: June 2019

We report the off‐label use of bortezomib combined with dexamethasone in eight adults with severe and multi‐refractory warm auto‐immune haemolytic anaemia (wAIHA). After six cycles of induction therapy, 6 of the 8 patients achieved response (3 complete response, 3 response). Response was obtained after a median of 2 (1–4) cycles. After a median follow‐up of 14 (6–36) months, six patients maintained a response (bortezomib/dexamethasone maintenance, n = 4); five patients experienced at least one moderate adverse event, including peripheral neuropathy (n = 2). These results suggest that bortezomib/dexamethasone combination is a promising approach with acceptable toxicity for treating severe refractory wAIHA in adults.
Information, accountability and perceptions of public sector programme success: A conjoint experiment among bureaucrats in Africa
Authors: Harris Adam S. , Seim Brigitte , Sigman Rachel
Published: June 2019

Motivation

Whether public sector organizations implement programmes successfully is a key concern of development scholars and practitioners across the world. While many studies purport the existence of a link between social accountability and public sector performance, this relationship has been difficult to study empirically.

Purpose

This article examines whether bureaucrats expect public sector programmes with information‐sharing mechanisms, including visibility, transparency and collaboration, to be successful in terms of effectiveness and limiting corruption.

Approach and Methods

The article uses a conjoint survey experiment administered to thousands of bureaucrats across three African countries: Ghana, Malawi and Uganda. By asking bureaucrats—those with insider knowledge of government programme operations—about two hypothetical programmes with randomly assigned characteristics, we examine whether bureaucrats associate opportunities for monitoring by citizens and civil society groups with the success of public sector programmes.

Findings

Across diverse country and organizational contexts, bureaucrats consistently attribute high probabilities of success to programmes that are visible to the public, transparent in their implementation, and open to collaboration with civil society. Moreover, the inclusion of any one of these information‐sharing mechanisms can independently increase the perceived likelihood of success. The findings hold across institutional contexts and diverse subgroups of bureaucrats surveyed.

Policy Implications

To promote success in the implementation of public sector development programmes, officials should look for ways to increase the visibility of their programmes, set requirements for frequent public updates on programme progress, and build in opportunities for outside groups to collaborate.
Reproducibility of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) assessment in endometrial cancer
Authors: Peters Elke E M , Bartosch Carla , McCluggage W Glenn , Genestie Catherine , Lax Sigurd F , Nout Remi , Oosting Jan , Singh Naveena , Smit Huub C S H , Smit Vincent T H B M , Van de Vijver Koen K , Bosse Tjalling
Published: June 2019

Aims

Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in endometrial cancer (EC) is an important prognostic variable impacting on a patient's individual recurrence risk and adjuvant treatment recommendations. Recent work has shown that grading the extent of LVSI further improves its prognostic strength in patients with stage I endometrioid EC. Despite this, there is little information on the reproducibility of LVSI assessment in EC. Therefore, we designed a study to evaluate interobserver agreement in discriminating true LVSI from LVSI mimics (Phase I) and reproducibility of grading extent of LVSI (Phase II).

Methods and results

Scanned haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides of endometrioid EC (EEC) with a predefined possible LVSI focus were hosted on a website and assessed by a panel of six European gynaecological pathologists. In Phase I, 48 H&E slides were included for LVSI assessment and in Phase II, 42 H&E slides for LVSI grading. Each observer was instructed to apply the criteria for LVSI used in daily practice. The degree of agreement was measured using the two‐way absolute agreement average‐measures intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Reproducibility of LVSI assessment (ICC = 0.64, P < 0.001) and LVSI grading (ICC = 0.62, P < 0.001) in EEC was substantial among the observers.

Conclusions

Given the good reproducibility of LVSI, this study further supports the important role of LVSI in decision algorithms for adjuvant treatment.
The lasting biological signature of Pliocene tectonics: Reviewing the re‐routing of Australia's largest river drainage system
Authors: Waters Jonathan M. , Burridge Christopher P. , Craw Dave
Published: June 2019

Aim

Biological diversification can be substantially influenced by earth history. The links between biological and geological processes can be particularly tight for obligate freshwater biota. Here, we test for such links with respect to Pliocene shifts in drainage geometry of one of the Australia's largest river systems.

Location

Major rivers of south‐eastern Australia.

Taxon

Freshwater‐limited fishes and crayfish.

Methods

We synthesize recently published geological and freshwater phylogeographic data to elucidate the evolutionary history of south‐eastern Australia's major river drainages and their biotas.

Results

Recent data demonstrate how a major Pliocene drainage rearrangement event in the lower Murray‐Darling basin led to the evolution of a distinctive and “marooned” phylogeographic assemblage in the Glenelg and Wimmera drainages.

Main conclusions

Biological data from southern Australia illuminate the region's geological history, and vice versa. Our study highlights the persisting evolutionary effects of a major Pliocene drainage rearrangement. The lasting geological and biological preservation of such an ancient tectonic event is apparently facilitated by Australia's uniquely stable geological setting.
Use of Data Mining Methods to Detect Test Fraud
Authors: Man Kaiwen , Harring Jeffrey R. , Sinharay Sandip
Published: June 2019

Data mining methods have drawn considerable attention across diverse scientific fields. However, few applications could be found in the areas of psychological and educational measurement, and particularly pertinent to this article, in test security research. In this study, various data mining methods for detecting cheating behaviors on large‐scale assessments are explored as an alternative to the traditional methods including person‐fit statistics and similarity analysis. A common data set from the Handbook of Quantitative Methods for Detecting Cheating on Tests (Cizek & Wollack) was used for comparing the performance of the different methods. The results indicated that the use of data mining methods may combine multiple sources of information about test takers' performance, which may lead to higher detection rate over traditional item response and response time methods. Several recommendations, all based on our findings, are provided to practitioners.
Restless legs syndrome and health‐related quality of life in adults with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cederberg Katie L. J. , Jeng Brenda , Sasaki Jeffer E. , Braley Tiffany J. , Walters Arthur S. , Motl Robert W.
Published: June 2019

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder that may exacerbate many of the symptoms and consequences of multiple sclerosis (MS), and may have further implications for health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). The present study examined the relationships among RLS, symptoms and HRQOL in people with MS. Participants with MS (n = 275) completed the Cambridge‐Hopkins Restless Legs Syndrome Questionnaire, the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Scale, the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Patient Determined Disease Steps. There were 74 (26.9%) persons with MS who had RLS (MS + RLS). The MS + RLS group reported worse physical and psychological HRQOL (p = 0.020 and p = 0.017, respectively) and greater perceived fatigue (p = 0.006) and anxiety symptoms (p = 0.042) than the MS‐only group. Within the MS + RLS group, RLS severity was associated with physical (r = 0.43) and psychological (r = 0.46) HRQOL, sleep quality (r = 0.38), perceived fatigue (r = 0.28), depression (r = 0.38) and anxiety (r = 0.28). The relationships between RLS severity and the domains of HRQOL were attenuated when accounting for fatigue, depression and/or anxiety. Worse RLS severity was associated with reduced HRQOL, which was accounted for by fatigue, depression and anxiety.
On the true identity of Sergentomyia gemmea and description of a closely related species: Se. raynali n. sp
Authors: Depaquit J. , Vongphayloth K. , Siriyasatien P. , Polseela R. , Phumee A. , Loyer M. , Vol A. , Varlot G. , Rahola N. , Brey P. T. , Sutherland I. W. , Hertz J. C. , Gay F. , Léger N.
Published: June 2019

Several species of Leishmania are responsible for leishmaniases in Thailand, although little is known about their transmission. Sergentomyia gemmea has been suspected several times to transmit Leishmania martiniquensis. Some captures carried out in Thailand and Lao People's Democratic Republic have emphasized the scarcity of Se. gemmea, comprising only 1% of the collected females. The sequencing of cytochrome B mtDNA of our specimens showed that our specimens are not grouped with other Se. gemmea previously deposited in GenBank. The latter are grouped with some Se. khawi and Se. hivernus that we processed in the present study. We suspect misidentifications and propose focusing on the most useful characters for identification of Se. gemmea based on the examination of type‐specimens. The examination of the ascoids exhibiting anterior spurs is the most important one. However, we also describe Se. raynali n. sp. exhibiting comparable spurs but differing from Se. gemmea by its original cibarium. Finally, the vectorial role of Se. gemmea appears very questionable in the absence of new evidence.