bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neoclassical toroidal viscosity torque prediction via deep learning
Authors: Clement M.D. , Logan N.C. , Boyer M.D.
Published: December 2021

GPECnet is a densely connected neural network that has been trained on GPEC data, to predict the plasma stability, neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torque, and optimized 3D coil current distributions for desired NTV torque profiles. Using NTV torque, driven by non-axisymmetric field perturbations in a tokamak, can be vital in optimizing pedestal performance by controlling the rotation profile in both the core, to ensure tearing stability, and the edge, to avoid edge localized modes (ELMs). The generalized perturbed equilibrium code (GPEC) software package can be used to calculate the plasma stability to 3D perturbations and the NTV torque profile generated by applied 3D magnetic fields. These calculations, however, involve complex integrations over space and energy distributions, which takes time to compute. Initially, GPECnet has been trained solely on data representative of the quiescent H-mode (QH) scenario, in which neutral beams are often balanced and toroidal rotation is low across the plasma profile. This work provides the foundation for active control of the rotation shear using a combination of beams and 3D fields for robust and high performance QH mode operation.
Impurity leakage and radiative cooling in the first nitrogen and neon seeding study in the closed DIII-D SAS configuration
Authors: Casali L. , Eldon D. , McLean A. , Osborne T. , Leonard A. , Grierson B. , Ren J.
Published: December 2021

A comparative study of nitrogen versus neon has been carried out to analyze the impact of the two radiative species on power dissipation, SOL impurity distribution, divertor and pedestal characteristics. The experimental results show that N remains compressed in the divertor, thereby providing high radiative losses without affecting the pedestal profiles and displacing carbon as dominant radiator. Neon, instead, radiates more upstream than N thus reducing the power flux through the separatrix leading to a reduced ELM frequency and compression in the divertor. A significant amount of neon is measured in the plasma core leading to a steeper density gradient. The different behavior between the two impurities is confirmed by SOLPS-ITER modeling which for the first time at DIII-D includes multiple impurity species and a treatment of full drifts, currents and neutral–neutral collisions. The impurity transport in the SOL is studied in terms of the parallel momentum balance showing that N is mostly retained in the divertor whereas Ne leaks out consistent with its higher ionization potential and longer mean free path. This is also in agreement with the enrichment factor calculations which indicate lower divertor enrichment for neon. The strong ionization source characterizing the SAS divertor causes a reversal of the main ions and impurity flows. The flow reversal together with plasma drifts and the effect of the thermal force contribute significantly in the shift of the impurity stagnation point affecting impurity leakage. This work provides a demonstration of the impurity leakage mechanism in a closed divertor structure and the consequent impact on pedestal. Since carbon is an intrinsic radiator at DIII-D, in this paper we have also demonstrated the different role of carbon in the N vs Ne seeded cases both in the experiments and in the numerical modeling. Carbon contributes more when neon seeding is injected compared to when nitrogen is used. Finally, the results highlight the importance of accompanying experimental studies with numerical modeling of plasma flows, drifts and ionization profile to determine the details of the SOL impurity transport as the latter may vary with changes in divertor regime and geometry. In the cases presented here, plasma drifts and flow reversal caused by high level of closure in the slot upper divertor at DIII-D play an important role in the underlined mechanism.
Nutritional Assessment of Indonesian Chilli Landraces (Capsicum chinense Jaqc.)
Authors: Wätjen A , Huyskens-Keil S , Stöber S
Published: December 2021

Chillies (Capsicum spp.) are highly nutritious vegetables and spices and are an important component in the Asian cuisine due to their aroma attributes and health value. To gain a better insight of the health value of chillies in North Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, the nutrient content, the morphological parameters and the yield of three different chilli landraces of the variety ‘Katokkon’ (Capsicum chinense Jaqc.), i.e. ‘Limbong Sampolo’, ‘Leatung 1’, and ‘Leatung 2’ were investigated. The nutrient parameters included capsaicin, pro-vitamin A, and vitamin C contents. Moreover, those differences were studied in two villages (Buntu Datu and To’pao) for the landrace ‘Leatung 2’. The research was performed with dried chillies using high pressure thin layer chromatography for the determination of capsaicin content, spectrophotometric determination for pro-vitamin A and iodometry for vitamin C content. The results showed that the capsaicin content varied between 7.91 mg/g DM (‘Leatung 1’) to 9.94 mg/g DM (‘Limbong Sampolo’) which corresponds with values on the Scoville heat unit (SHU) ranging from 118,712.677 to 149,074.747. The pro-vitamin A content was found to be highest (1.01 mg/g DM) in ‘Limbong Sampolo’ and lowest (0.60 mg/g DM) in ‘Leatung 2’ from To’pao. Vitamin C was found to be lowest (0.20 mg/g DM) in ‘Leatung 2’ from Buntu Datu and highest (0.26 mg/g DM) in ‘Leatung 1’. The statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the landraces and the villages for ‘Leatung 2’. Compared to the capsaicin values in literature (up to SHU 600,000), the landraces showed lower values. This was also found for the pro-vitamin A contents. In contrast, the vitamin C values were higher than those reported in literature. In conclusion, it can be stated, that the three landraces of ‘Katokkon’ in general showed high nutritious values, irrespectively of the different growing conditions in the two villages.
Validation of GPM IMERG extreme precipitation in the Peninsular Malaysia and Philippines by station and radar data
Authors: Da Silva Nicolas A , Webber Benjamin G M , Matthews Adrian J , Feist Matthew M , Stein Thorwald H M , Holloway Christopher E , Abdullah Muhammad F A B
Published: December 2021

Extreme precipitation is ubiquitous in the Maritime Continent (MC) but poorly predicted numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. NWP evaluation against accurate measures of heavy precipitation is essential to improve their forecasting skill. Here we examine the potential utility of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrieval for GPM (IMERG) for NWP evaluation of extreme precipitation in the MC. For that purpose, we use radar data in Subang (Malaysia) and station data from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) in Malaysia and the Philippines. We find that earlier studies may have underestimated IMERG performances in the MC due to large spatial sampling errors of ground precipitation measurements, especially during extreme precipitation conditions. We recommend using the 95th percentile for NWP evaluation of extreme daily and sub-daily precipitation against IMERG. At higher percentiles, the IMERG rainfall rates tend to diverge from ground observation and may therefore be treated with caution.
Improving prediction quality of sea surface temperature (SST) in Niño3.4 region using Bayesian Model Averaging
Authors: Muharsyah Robi , Ratri Dian Nur , Kussatiti Damiana Fitria
Published: December 2021

Prediction of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in Niño3.4 region (170 W - 120 W; 5S - 5N) is important as a valuable indicator to identify El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), i.e., El Niño, La Niña, and Neutral condition for coming months. More accurate prediction Niño3.4 SST can be used to determine the response of ENSO phenomenon to rainfall over Indonesia region. SST predictions are routinely released by meteorological institutions such as the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). However, SST predictions from the direct output (RAW) of global models such as ECMWF seasonal forecast is suffering from bias that affects the poor quality of SST predictions. As a result, it also increases the potential errors in predicting the ENSO events. This study uses SST from the output Ensemble Prediction System (EPS) of ECMWF seasonal forecast, namely SEAS5. SEAS5 SST is downloaded from The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) for period 1993-2020. One value representing SST over Niño3.4 region is calculated for each lead-time (LT), LT0-LT6. Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) is selected as one of the post-processing methods to improve the prediction quality of SEAS5-RAW. The advantage of BMA over other post-processing methods is its ability to quantify the uncertainty in EPS, which is expressed as probability density function (PDF) predictive. It was found that the BMA calibration process reaches optimal performance using 160 months training window. The result show, prediction quality of Niño3.4 SST of BMA output is superior to SEAS5-RAW, especially for LT0, LT1, and LT2. In term deterministic prediction, BMA shows a lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), higher Proportion of Correct (PC). In term probabilistic prediction, the error rate of BMA, which is showed by the Brier Score is lower than RAW. Moreover, BMA shows a good ability to discriminating ENSO events which indicates by AUC ROC close to a perfect score.
Analysis of the influence hybrid mass coordinate on WRF-ARW models to the turbulence simulation of Batik airlines aviation (case study October 24, 2017)
Authors: Halimy N A A , Trilaksono N J
Published: December 2021

The influence of hybrid sigma coordinate is better to represent turbulence in America than basic sigma coordinate. Therefore, it is necessary to search the effect of these coordinates on turbulence simulations in Indonesia due to the analysis of different atmospheric conditions from America. In this research, two experiments are performed using two different vertical coordinates with a case study flight turbulence from Batik Airlines on October 24, 2017. The two different vertical coordinates are the hybrid sigma coordinate and basic sigma coordinate. The data used are NCEP-FNL, Himawari-8 satellite image data, and sounding data. Based on the result of this research, simulation using hybrid sigma coordinate shows isentropic lines that have the potential turbulence during and after turbulence event. Richardson number value about 0.1 – 0.2 and intensity of the energy dissipation rate is 0.06 m
2/3s-1. According to the Richardson number value and intensity of the energy dissipation rate, the hybrid sigma coordinate simulation shows turbulence potential more significant than the basic sigma coordinate.
Eight scenarios rapid update cycle effect on weather radar data assimilation WRF toward rainfall prediction in Palembang (cases study of flood events on November 12th, 2018)
Authors: Paksi L M W , Saputra A H , Fitrianti I
Published: December 2021

Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) is an open source numerical weather prediction model that can be used for high resolution rainfall predictions. Besides these advantages, WRF output accuracy can be affected by the initial condition. The accuration of WRF model can be improved by data assimilation. Data assimilation is combining observation data with model data to improve the initial state of atmospheric flow. This study aims to investigate the effect of assimilation weather radar in models using WRF for predictions rainfall events in Palembang region on November 12th, 2018. This study uses radar radial velocity data as input data for assimilation. The assimilation technique uses the 3DVAR with rapid update cycle (RUC) procedure 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours with spin up 12 and 6 hours. The output of the model verified using Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) data and using rain gauge data for point verification. The results of this study indicate that the output of the assimilation model, especially in the spin-up 12 hours skenario implementation of the 1-hour RUC is better than the model without assimilation. From the eight scenario models implemented, it can be concluded that the 12 hours spin up is better than the 6 hours spin up.
Identifying the best spatial interpolation method for estimating spatial distribution of PM2.5 in Jakarta
Authors: Solihah K I , Martono D N , Haryanto B
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, many researchers are focused on analyzing the association between PM2.5 concentration and respiratory diseases. PM2.5 is one of the most threatening air pollutant for human health in cities and causes an increasing number of deaths. However, obtaining detailed PM2.5 concentration data constitutes one of the problems in analyzing its relationship with the human health effect. This study aims to select the best model for predicting PM2.5, spatially explicit in Jakarta, and estimate its spatial distribution in this region over the 2019-2020 period. The observation data of PM2.5 measurement results were in eight points spread across Jakarta. Furthermore, the data is a two-year daily time series from 2019-2020, which was then be processed into annual average data. Seven spatial interpolations of different methods were selected to identify which is most realistic in generating the estimated concentration value of PM2.5. From the results, we conclude that the Spline with Tension was the best interpolation method based on 2D visualization and model evaluation. Based on the model evaluation, the Spline with Tension method generated the best model with minimum error, where RMSE, MSE, MAE, and MAP had values of 0.0533,0.0028, 0.0400, 0.0008, respectively. Meanwhile, Ordinary Kriging with spherical had the most significant.
Calibration of Spatial Rain Scanner using Rainfall Depth of Rain Gauges
Authors: Sinatra T , Awaludin A , Nauval F , Purnomo C
Published: December 2021

A spatial rain scanner has been developed based on a marine radar to satisfy the demand for spatial rain information for hydrological applications. Since the coverage of the rain scanner is 44 km in radius, it is necessary to expand the coverage by installing it in two sites that intersect each other performing a radar network. For this purpose, the first rain scanner has been installed at the Center for Atmospheric Science and Technology (PSTA) in Bandung and the second one at the Space and Atmospheric Observation Center (BPAA) Tanjungsari in Sumedang. This paper focuses on the calibration of radar observations with rainfall data from 7 rain gauges installed in Bandung area and its surroundings. The calibration method calculates rainfall depth (three parameters) instead of only the intensity of rainfall. The data period used for this research is from March to November 2020. The rain scanners have better rainfall events detection over basin area, such as Dayeuh Kolot and Cidurian, than over highland area, such as Lembang. Two calibration methods are used, and the results show that the calibration by calculating three parameters (accumulated reflectivity, duration, and intensity) in the linear model is able to measure rainfall estimation better than using a linear model with one parameter (accumulated reflectivity) for rainfall depth more than 10 mm. Rainfall estimation calculation using scheme 1 tends to underestimate while scheme 2 tends to overestimate.
SEA-COApp: A web app to analyze, download, and visualize Regional Ocean Model (ROM) datasets in Southeast Asia
Authors: Muhammad Fadhlil R , Amanullah Imam W , Faqih Akhmad
Published: December 2021

To provide weather and climate-related services for disaster management, public policymaking, and adaptation and mitigation efforts, the information regarding climate change is of high importance. However, obtaining or analyzing climate change datasets has been a challenge for those unfamiliar with coding. Therefore, to make the datasets easier to obtain and work with, we develop a "Southeast Asia – Climate-Ocean web App" (SEA-COApp). The SEA-COApp is a web app to aid people in obtaining, analyze, or visualize ROM datasets in Southeast Asia. It can obtain chunks of data from the InaROMS server and visualize it with an intuitive graphical user interface. Furthermore, it also has functionalities to calculate climatology, area average, anomaly, and trends. The tool can help those who are unfamiliar with climate change datasets to be able to use the datasets for their research. Thus, promoting cross-disciplinary research.
Potential of rainwater harvesting (RWH) to overcome the problem of water scarcity at the airports: a case study in I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport, Bali
Authors: Sumaja K , Satriyabawa I K M , Dewi T P P , Fadianika A
Published: December 2021

Indonesian airport in general relies dominantly on the surface and underground water to fulfil its water demand. Although groundwater systems are generally more resilient to climate change than surface water sources, their overuse might damage those water systems. One alternative to overcome this problem is rainwater harvesting (RWH) which could be implemented to increase the availability of raw water supply. However, in Indonesia, the study of the potential of RWH at a regional scale is still limited, so it does not provide sufficient information for practical application. Therefore, as the objective, this research will utilize a simulation analysis method to calculate the volume of rainfall storage, water requirements and reliability levels at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport regarding variations of the catchment area. This scheme would be applied not only during the dry and rainy seasons but also during the El Nino event. Moreover, the rainfall return periods would be determined to define the potential size of a rainwater harvesting system yearly. As a result, RWH at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport has the potential to substitute the surface water (PDAM) and groundwater usage either fully or partially depends on the season and water catchment area.
Development of Drought Information System at Remote Sensing Application Center, National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN)
Authors: Nugroho J T , Sulma S , Rahmi K I N , Harini S
Published: December 2021

National Earth Monitoring System (SPBN) is a natural resource and disaster information system developed by Remote Sensing Application Center, National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Indonesia. Drought information system is one of the SPBN disaster information products, consisting of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Vegetation Greenness Level (TKV), and monthly accumulation of rainfall information. The quality of information products are improved towards data processing automation as well as provision of user-oriented products. The purpose of our research is to report the existing of drought information products at SPBN-LAPAN, to present briefly the automation process and also to analyze the result of the products. In this study, the “new” drought index information, which developed by blended of two datasets (TKV dataset that characterized agricultural drought and monthly rainfall dataset that characterized meteorological drought), using threshold method has introduced. The level of drought index is divided into five classes, namely cloud/water, severely dry, dry and normal
Fulfilling Eucalyptus raw materials for pulp and paper production plants
Authors: Sembiring N , Napitupulu H L , Sembiring M T , Ishak A , Gunawan H A
Published: December 2021

Eucalyptus is one of the major species used for pulp and paper industry. As industries develop, the need for Eucalyptus supply increases. However, there are challenges plantation companies must specifically determining eucalyptus market price potential risks in eucalyptus plantation and how eucalyptus plantation impacts the surrounding environment.. Stakeholders on eucalyptus supply chain have risks which have to be mitigated. The eucalyptus seedling and developer and the supplier hold crucial role in providing good quality eucalyptus raw material for pulp and paper production plants. This research is conducted to explore on ways to mitigate each stakeholders risk, challenges plantation companies face in fulfilling eucalyptus raw material for pulp and paper production plants. There are four stakeholders in eucalyptus supply chain: eucalyptus seedling developer and seller, supplier, distribution centre and pulp and paper production plants. Some of the major risk stakeholders are facing in eucalyptus supply chain are: early cut of eucalyptus trees, farmers’ lack of understanding on growing eucalyptus properly, small stem size, fluctuating eucalyptus wood price and low stock quantity. Some of the minor risk stakeholders are facing: earthquake, over fertilization, overwatering, cold climate, and plant setting. There are four methods used to determine eucalyptus pricing: cost-based pricing, customer-based pricing, competition-based pricing, and statutory pricing. Eucalyptus consume high amount of water which can cause dry areas around eucalyptus plantation area and low groundwater reservoir.
Assessment of the energy potential as a solid biofuel of Sargassum spp. considering sustainability indicator
Authors: Ávalos-Betancourt C A , López-Sosa L B , Morales-Máximo M , Aguilera-Mandujano A , Corral-Huacuz J C , Rodríguez-Martínez R E
Published: December 2021

The present study evaluates the potential use of pelagic Sargassum spp. as a solid biofuel. Massive landings of these brown algae across the Atlantic have produced ecologic and economic problems since 2011. Sargassum biomass valorization could compensate for economic losses and reduce environmental impacts. The production of biofuels could be one of its applications. This research consists of two stages: (a) the physical-energy characterization: morphology, humidity, ash, volatiles, and calorific value, and (b) an estimate of the energy potential of these algae, considering their removal from 600 kilometers of coastline along the Mexican Caribbean coast. An analysis of sustainability indicators considering socioeconomic aspects shows the benefits of using this resource in comparison with other types of low-cost biofuels that produce low environmental impact. The results show the pertinence of using Sargassum spp. as an alternative energy resource with low cost, low environmental impact, high accessibility, and added value for localities along the Mexican Caribbean.
In vitro study of anthelmintic effect of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) flower aqueous extract on Tubifex tubifex
Authors: Alnaz A R M , Ridha R , Nasution R F G , Nasution A H , Ichwan M
Published: December 2021

Clitoria ternatea (CT) or butterfly pea was one herbs used for Ayurvedic and other traditional medicines. Utilization of its roots, flowers, and leaves proposed several medical adventages with anthelmintic was one of it. Among current anthelmintic burden of resistance, this study aimed to examine the anthelmintic profile from CT flower aqueous extract on Tubifex tubifex. The study was done by conducting a pilot experimental study by extracting CT flowers to water and piping the extracts of different level of dilution to several group of pots containing Tubifex tubifex. Anthelmintic activity was determined with its paralyzing effect and was compared to negative and positive controls with levamisole. Phytochemicals substances were detected with alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids detected. The extract exerts anthelmintic activity it 1:4, 1:40, and 1:400 dilutions and was comparable to 1mg/mL and 0.1mg/mL levamisole. Time to paralysis observed suggested a dose-response relationship of the extract on its anthelmintic activities. It was understood the phytochemicals influents the anthelmintic activity by paralysis worms and leads to death. It was concluded that CT flower aqueous extract presents anthelmintic activity, with further experimental study will needed to be conducted.
Productivity of Turi (Sesbania grandiflora) as a multi purposes plant by eco enzyme application
Authors: Ginting N , Mirwandhono R E
Published: December 2021

Turi (Sesbania grandiflora) is a multi-purpose plant, including leaves for animal feed, flowers for human food and wood for wood pellets. Eco enzyme is produced from the fermentation of fruits containing enzymes and organic acids. The application of Eco enzyme, among others as biocatalist to improve plant productivity. This paper aims to study dilution of Eco Enzym which was applied to Turi plants to increase its productivity This study used a completely randomized design, namely: T1: Eco enzyme dilution 1: 100; T2: 1: 200; T3: 1: 300 whereas there were 5 replications. Parameters were plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, leaf width and number of flowers. The results of this research were that the parameters of plant height, leaf of width, number of flowers had significant effect by the 1:100 dilution treatment (p<0,05). However, there was no significant effect on stem diameter and and the number of branches. The best response to eco enzyme was 1: 100.
Identification of highland peat vegetation in the Sub-district of Lintong Nihuta, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Hutagaol J M , Bintang  , Hidayat B
Published: December 2021

This study aims to identify the structure, composition, and current status of highland peat vegetation in the Lintong Nihuta Sub-district, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra Province. The research conducted from December 2020 to April 2021. This study uses a survey method. The plots were laid using the purposive sampling method considering that the observed plots were those with naturally growing vegetation and accessible terrain. Sampling used the double plot vegetation analysis method with a plot size of 4 x 4 m for seedlings and 20 x 20 m for saplings obtained by measuring the minimum area of the plot. The data obtained were analyzed for frequency calculations, important value index (IVI), and Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’). The results of the vegetation analysis showed that from the four existing growth classes, only two growth classes were found at the research site, namely seedlings and saplings with a total of 23 species. The vegetation composition is dominated by shrub habitus which indicates that this peatland has been degraded. The dominant species in the study site were Lepinoria mucronata Rich. and Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.) F. Underw. The value of the biodiversity index (H’) is 0.8 with a low criterion which means the vegetation ecosystem at the study site is unstable
The effect of occupational health and safety to employee performance in the sawmills industries in Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Muhdi  , Rifai  , Harahap R D , Hanafiah D S
Published: December 2021

Occupational health and safety is the most important aspects at work, especially for workers related to machine equipments. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of occupational safety and health on the performance of employees in the sawmill process at UD. Rahmat, Kuala Begumit, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The method used is descriptive analysis. Respondents in this study were all employees who worked in the sawmill process at UD. Rahmat, Kuala Begumit, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The sampling were 30 respondents. The multiple regression analysis method with the simultaneous test. The results show that occupational safety and health have a significant effect on employee performance. Based on the perception of workers the company has provided personal protective equipment but the workers feel uncomfortable and if they wear personal protective equipment they assume that it interferes with their work.
GC-MS analysis of young and mature wild agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) and its antioxidant potential
Authors: Batubara R , Hanum T I , Affandi O
Published: December 2021

Agarwood grows wildly in the nature and its leaves may be utilized as raw materials for agarwood tea, especially from Aquilaria species. The study was conducted to determine the chemical compounds in the young and mature leaves of wild gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk). Chemical compounds were detected using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (py-GCMS) while antioxidant capacity of the leaf extracts was assayed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical method. The results obtained a total of 30 chemical compounds in agarwood leaves extract with different composition between young and mature leaves. The agarwood leaves extracts displayed strong antioxidative capacity with a main compound namely octadecanoid acid or stearic acid.
Isolation and screening of local cellulolytic fungi from the digestive tract larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros L., North Sumatra
Authors: Nasution A F , Munir E , Suryanto D
Published: December 2021

Cellulose, which is the main component of plant cell walls from higher plants, has been studied from different aspects. It is insoluble in a wide variety of solvents and is resistant to various chemicals treatments. Fungi are a group of cellulose-degrading microbes and plays major role in recycling of lignocellulosic material in nature. This study aimed to obtain cellulolytic fungi from the digestive tract of Oryctes rhinoceros L. larvae and to determine cellulolytic activity. Isolation and screening of cellulolytic fungi in the digestive tract of insects were carried out with specific medium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and the Congo Red method to obtain potential cellulolytic isolates. Eleven fungal isolates showed positive results as cellulolytic fungi. The highest cellulolytic activity was obtained from isolate F05L with a cellulolytic index of 0.90 and isolate F10L of 0.66. The smallest cellulolytic activity was obtained from isolate F02L with a cellulolytic index of 0.14. All isolates would be identified to the species level and analyzed its potential applications. Our result can provide in addition to the environmental and industrial fields, cellulolytic fungi can a solution to the problem of pollution, namely reducing the amount of cellulose waste, and can be added value to the use of waste into processed organic fertilizers to be able to provide solutions to the problem of organic waste degradation.
Conservation and sustainable utilization of tropical trees from North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Susilowati A , Rachmat H H , Elfiati D , Zaitunah A , Samsuri  , Rangkuti A B , Iswanto A H , Rambey R , Sucipto T , Hakim L , Azhar I , Syahputra O K H , Harahap M M , Ulfa M , Manurung H , Arinah H , Ginting I M
Published: December 2021

Tree species have received more attention recently due to its contribution and prospective utilization. Although provided many function for human and ecosystem, the existence of trees also threatened due to illegal harvesting and forest conversion. Sustainable utlization approaches were needed for increasing the value and willingness of the community to engage in conservation activities. Although many tropical tree species, especially in North Sumatra, have been exploited, there are still few reports of sustainable approaches to those species. In this study, the assessment of several local tree species in North Sumatra was approached with five conditions adopted from previous research, those were :1) sustainable harvesting, (2) no threat interaction, (3) effective commercialization, (4) economic benefits to farmers, and 5) utilization of financial proceeds to promote conservation initiatives. The results of the study illustrate that although these four criteria are fulfilled, the forest product trade often does not provide sufficient financial benefits to protect forests from other threats. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the interaction between threats for sustainable use and conservation, by using a precise conceptual model. The financial benefits of sustainable use must be adequate to support conservation efforts that can overcome various threats to tree species conservation.
Drying kinetics on mass reduction with natural operation of potatoes as simulation model
Authors: Haryanto B , Tarigan M B , Sinuhaji T R F , Tarigan E A , Br Sitepu N A
Published: December 2021

The increase in cases of coronavirus infection causes research to be carried out at home. This is due to the rapid mutation of the coronavirus. So far, WHO has confirmed 4 variants of the coronavirus. The research carried out this time is to make a kinetic model and the percent reduction in mass in potato samples by drying using sunlight as a form of research effort carried out at home. This drying has been done before and this time it is compared with previous research data. The results obtained are that there is a difference, namely the percent reduction in sample mass before and after drying. In the sample carried out this time, the percent mass reduction on the first day was very large, but when tested on the last day it was superior to the previous research, which means that the surface area of the sample accelerates the drying process.
Analysis of internal factors affecting the health condition of mangrove forests in the coastal area of East Lampung Regency
Authors: Safe’i R , Ardiansyah F , Banuwa I S , Yuwono S B , Maulana I R , Muslih A M
Published: December 2021

The surrounding community widely uses mangrove forests as a fulfillment of life. This requires an efforts to preserve the mangrove forest so that no damage occurs. This study aimed to determine the internal factors that affect the health condition of mangrove forests. The research method used to obtain internal factor data is by measuring the ecological indicators of forest health using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method, then the data is processed by the Multiple Regression Analysis method using SPSS 20 through data on internal factors of mangrove forest health which are analyzed for their effect on health conditions of the mangrove forest. The results showed that the significant value of the regression was 0.008 ((α = 0.05) > 0.008), this means that simultaneously the independent variables (tree damage, crown damage, Cation Exchange Capacity-CEC, and biodiversity have an effect on the dependent variable (mangrove forest health) at the level of = 5%. Furthermore, through individual regression coefficients from internal factor data, it is found that the internal factors of biodiversity indicators in measurements 1 and 2 and crown conditions in the second measurement do not affect forest health conditions. Therefore, this research concludes that the internal factors that affect the level of forest health in the first measurement are vitality indicators (tree damage/cluster Plot Index-CLI and crown condition) and site quality indicators (CEC). Meanwhile, in the second measurement, there was a change in the crown condition parameters, which did not significantly affect forest health.
Soil erosion prediction using USLE model in Cangkringan micro watershed model, Yogyakarta
Authors: Fadhilla S , Kusumandari A , Senawi
Published: December 2021

Land use that is not in accordance with ecological principles causes’ excessive soil erosion. Soil erosion has an impact on decreasing soil productivity, increasing critical land and causing land degradation. It is essential to predict the amount of soil lost due to soil erosion to determine the conservation efforts applied to suppress the erosion rate. The estimation of erosion in this study using the USLE model, using 5 factors, namely erosivity (R), erodibility (K), slope length (LS), crop management (C), and soil conservation (P). The results showed that the level of erosion hazard in Cangkringan Micro Watershed Model consisted of 5, namely very light covering an area of 29.14 ha (2.15%), mild covering an area of 642.31 ha (47.44%), moderate covering an area of 545.62 ha (40.30%), heavy area of 129.00 ha (9.53%) and very heavy area of 7.94 ha (0.58%).
Preparation of activated carbon-based catalyst from nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) shell modified with KOH for biodiesel synthesis
Authors: Taslim  , Iriany  , Bani O , Audina E , Hidayat R
Published: December 2021

An attempt to synthesize a low-cost carbon-based heterogeneous catalyst from biomass has been explored. The focus of this research was investigating the carbon-based catalyst from nipa palm shell modified with KOH in biodiesel synthesis. Dry nipa palm shell powder was carbonized at 300°C for 1 h to produce carbon. The carbon was then modified by impregnation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. The carbon and modified carbon were analyzed by SEM-EDX. The modified carbon was applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification of palm oil and methanol. Transesterification was carried out at 60°C and stirred at 300 rpm. Reaction time and catalyst load was observed. Highest biodiesel yield of 95.5% was obtained at 2 h reaction time, 3% catalyst load, and methanol to oil ratio of 12:1. This preliminary study confirmed that KOH-modified carbon may act as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel synthesis.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal endoparasites in Waringin sheep (Ovis aries) fed with complete forage and forage-concentrate
Authors: Azlan R , Tanjung M
Published: December 2021

Feed composition has a substantial impact on the persistence of gastrointestinal endoparasite infection in sheep. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of gastrointestinal endoparasites in Waringin sheep (Ovis aries) fed with complete forage and feed concentrate in Sidomulyo Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. The study has been conducted from June to August 2020 with a total of 20 sheep for each type of feed. Fecal samples from each sheep were prepared for microscopical examination using sedimentation technique (glass beads). Gastrointestinal endoparasites was identifiedmorphologically. The results documented 3 genera of endoparasites namely Haemonchus (Nematoda), Fasciola (Trematoda) and Paramphistomum (Trematoda). Based on the type of forages, sheep fed with forage-concentrate showed a lower number of helminth eggs than the complete forage group. Haemonchus sp was identified as the most frequent parasite in both type of feeds. The intensity was categorized from mild-to-moderate level of infection. Provision of forage-concentrate was then proven to prevent a high rate of infection in Waringin sheep.
Specificity of transformational processes of management in the context of modern challenges for the system of agricultural relations
Authors: Maksimova Tatiana P
Published: December 2021

The paper substantiates the relevance of the considered issue, which is associated with the preservation of general contradictions in determining the essential characteristics of modern forms of economic management, their typology, and scenario forecasts for the development of small and large forms of management. The dualistic nature of the results of the transformation of the main forms of economic management in the system of the national economy was explained. The economic effects of transformation processes over two decades were analyzed and compared. It was revealed that: firstly, in the structure of production large farms prevail over the small ones; secondly, similar trends are observed in the dynamics of output volumes; thirdly, over the period under study, these trends remain stable. Scenario forecasts of the main trends in the further development of small and large forms of economic management were determined. The conservative scenario assumes further concentration and oligopolization in the agrarian sphere of the national economy. The baseline scenario assumes the preservation of the existing proportions of large and small forms of farming in the structure of agricultural production. The optimistic scenario assumes that the combination of the phenomenon of the impact of the global pandemic with the improvement of government support instruments for small businesses will increase the level of competitiveness in agricultural production.
Russian beef sector: economic analysis and forecast
Authors: Kostenko O V
Published: December 2021

The article presents research results on the Russian beef production sector. As in the rest of the world, beef in the Russian market is losing the competition to pork and poultry. Beef is the most resource-intensive type of meat in terms of feed consumption and land requirements. The industry has a longer herd reproduction period and return on investment. The Russian beef market is in a long-term decline. Domestic production is declining, and imports have been declining since 2015. The level of consumer prices for beef is 1.5-2 times higher than the price for pork and poultry. According to the study results, several key factors in the industry’s recovery from the crisis were identified. It is necessary to radically increase the share of beef obtained from beef cattle. This will allow obtaining better quality meat and reducing its cost. Now the share is about 20%, while in the world, beef cattle account for 40%. The construction of food chains in beef cattle is different from other agricultural sectors. The model of a combination of vertical integration (holdings) and cooperation with small independent producers is effective. The formation of such networks can be accelerated by creating and stimulating regional clusters. Russian beef has significant competitive advantages in foreign markets. In Russia, the use of steroids, growth hormones, and feed additives that stimulate the muscle mass of livestock is prohibited. Russian government programs have proven their effectiveness in other agricultural sectors. In this case, resources are needed to support clusters and cooperation in meat food chains.
Filtration technology for beer and beer yeast treatment
Authors: Rögener Frank
Published: December 2021

Solid-liquid filtration processes are crucial for the production of beer. Clarification of the green beer generates a clear and bright product with extended colloidal and microbiological shelf live. Conventionally, clear filtration is based on pre-coat filtration using filter aids, such as diatomaceous earth (Kieselguhr). However, the application of Kieselguhr requires strict adherence to occupational safety and health protection, as it is classified as a hazardous substance by the World Health Organisation and can lead to lung diseases. Furthermore, significant amounts of waste filter aids are generated. An alternative to pre-coat filtration is microfiltration that avoids the generation of hazardous wastes. Microfiltration can also be applied in beer yeast treatment. This article highlights major concepts and restriction of the filtration processes.
Industrial and environmental safety in the extractive natural resource management for the needs of agriculture
Authors: Kalashnik A I
Published: December 2021

The development of agriculture, primarily crop production, is determined by the availability of the necessary amount of phosphorus-containing fertilizers. In order to meet the needs of agriculture in phosphorus mineral fertilizers, extractive nature management is carried out in a number of regions of the world through the extraction and processing of apatite and phosphorite ores. At the same time, it is important to ensure the minimum permissible impact on the environment and natural water systems. For these purposes, methodological approaches are proposed, through which it is possible to monitor the state of objects and processes of mining production and take timely measures to ensure industrial and environmental safety. The author proposes a structure for complex research and monitoring of objects and processes in extractive nature management, based on the integration of interdisciplinary research related to the earth’s surface.
The antibiotic use by pregnant mice was a reason of lung pathology of their offspring
Authors: Khomyakova Tatiana , Kozlovsky Vasiliy , Kozlovskaya Galina , Magomedova Aminat , Khomyakov Yuri
Published: December 2021

The inappropriate antibiotic usage in human and animal treating is a main reason of the antibiotic resistance, spreading wider and wider all over the world. It was proved that the use of antibiotic induces the changes in microbiota profile as well as the protective properties of the intestinal mucosal barrier, determining the level of the bacterial translocation to the distant loci of the body. Pneumonia in newborns is one of the severe pathologies that cause increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. During the newborn period, pneumonia develops much more often than in other age periods. It is considered that main reason of respiratory adaptation disorders and newborns’ pneumonia is the intrauterine infection and the development of the inflammatory process. In animal husbandry we can see that a non- specific bronchopneumonia is one of the main causes of mass mortality of young cattle. There is no any confirmed reason of the growing level of the mortality of cattle. Here we present the results of our investigation which allow suggesting a role of antibiotic use by pregnant females as a basis for the following bacterial translocation to the fetus and a non- specific bronchopneumonia.
Management of New Risks in Economic and Food Security
Authors: Osipov V S , Zeldner A G
Published: December 2021

The article examines the consequences of the coronavirus in the form of a system of risks. The main goal of the study is assessment the risks of economic food security at post-COVID period. System, institutional and comparative analysis were used as methods of research. There are five types of risks in the research. We assessed monopolization in breeding, seed production and chemicalization, lockdown and value chain disruptions, increasing income inequality, food inflation, and climate changes. The introduction to the theory of nondestructive development and non-aggressive coexistence is described in the article. The authors propose a concept of non-destructive development, in which a special place is given to respect for nature, reducing aggressiveness between countries, reducing the monopolization of breeding and seed production, and reducing income inequality around the world. The monopolization of breeding and seed production is of particular concern, as it can lead to a decrease in food availability and a decrease in food security and independence. The gaps in the value chains due to the lockdown have already led to a decrease in the availability of food in individual countries. A further food crisis must not be allowed as it is fraught with social upheaval. The authors insist on the need to reduce aggression in the world, since a post-like revival of the economy is impossible in an unfavorable political situation in the world.
Optimization of transport support for forage harvesters
Authors: Valge A M , Sukhoparov A I , Perekopsky A N
Published: December 2021

Silage is the main type of feed in the diet of cattle. Violation of the agrotechnical terms of laying silos for more than 4 days contributes to a decrease in the quality of grass feed. Therefore, when harvesting silage, it is necessary to form a harvesting and transport complex of technical means that would ensure the timely filling of storage. The forage harvester performs the most energy-intensive operations in the technological process of harvesting feed from grasses. Therefore, the efficiency of the entire technological process depends on the optimal ratio of the number of combines and the vehicles that serve them. To optimize the system “technological machine-vehicles”, it is important to apply the methods of the queuing theory, which takes into account the probabilistic downtime of forage harvesters. The use of this solution method in the formation of a harvesting and transport complex based on a statistical model allows us to ensure the flow of the technological process of delivering grass mass from the field in the storage during the acyclic movement of vehicles. Optimization according to the statistical model helps to reduce the cost of silage production by up to 5% due to a more rational amount of vehicle use.