bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing Ways of Thinking in Society Using Online Video: A Case of Sexy Killers Video
Authors: Limano Ferric
Published: January 2020

This research aimed to explain the online video, ‘Sexy Killers’, to build a way of thinking in society. The problem of this research limited to the role of online video in conveying messages that could build positivity in the community. It had a focus on how much the impact of online video could affect the way of thinking in society by using online video ‘Sexy Killers’ and looked at the responses of the audience’s comments after receiving the message contained in this video. The method used in the research was a qualitative method documentation that the researcher would document any opinion in column comments by giving the right impression that had obtained positive (build) and negative. The results of this research are the video “Sexy Killers” has succeeded in design online video recommendations that can build a way of thinking in a society that has a positive impact.
The Effect of Social Support and Hope on Resilience in Adolescents
Authors: Hidayat Novi , Nurhayati Siti Rohmah
Published: January 2020

This study intended to investigate the effect of social support and hope simultaneously and independently on resilience in adolescents. This study used quantitative methods with ex post facto design. Multistage random sampling techniques were used, which resulted in a sample of 291 adolescents in junior high school from Pagentan district, Central Java, Indonesia. They completed three questionnaires of social support, hope, and resilience. The validity of the instruments used was measured by psychology measurement experts (content validity). Then, the reliability of the instruments was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha. The Cronbach’s alpha for each instrument was 0,854 (social support), 0,835 (hope), and 0,778 (resiliency). Data were analyzed using multiple regression at the significance level of 0,05. The results of the study reveal that there is an effect of social support and hope simultaneously and independently on resilience in adolescents. There are effective contributions of social support and hope to the resilience of about 41% (from social support 13,2% and hope of 27,8% respectively).
Business and Human Rights in ASEAN: Lessons from the Palm Oil Sector in Malaysia
Authors: AB. Wahab Andika
Published: January 2020

The release of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in 2011 aims to address gaps in human rights governance by setting a standard and corporate culture of respecting human rights. As part of the state responsibility to implement these guiding principles, some member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have already embarked preliminary steps towards establishing their respective National Action Plan on Business and Human rights (NAPBHR), while others are still lag behind. This article describes current development on business and human rights in the region. Drawing from the palm oil sector’s experience in Malaysia, this study aims to provide lessons for ASEAN member states to contemplate when developing their NAPBHR. In this article, I argue that while some large palm oil companies have shown modest progress in realizing their human rights obligation, challenges emerge in many forms including the lack of leadership, collaboration and ambition to steer and scale up industry transformation on human rights across supply chain. Equally important, challenges around certification scheme depict that it is not the only solution in persuading respect to human rights. Meaningful values transfer often overlooked in certification practice resulting in typical "ticking the audit box" exercise without understanding principles behind it. As such, the development of NAPBHR among the ASEAN member states should reflect on these reality and challenges.
Use of alendronate in the therapy of osteoporosis
Authors: Ershova O. B.
Published: January 2020

Treatment of osteoporosis is a difficult task due to the need for long-term medication and maximum safety. The main goal of osteoporosis treatment is to prevent bone fractures. According to the national clinical guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates are among the first-line drugs for the prevention and treatment of this disease. The diversity in the side chain structure determines the strength with which bisphosphonates bind to hydroxyapatite, are distributed, and remain in bone tissue for a certain time after treatment has been completed. They are the drugs of choice as they have proven efficacy in reducing the risk of fractures, and at the same time an acceptable safety profile. Bisphosphonates are the most well-known and studied drugs, successfully used in all countries for the treatment of various forms of osteoporosis. When using oral forms of bisphosphonates, the most expected undesirable phenomenon is esophagitis. The development of new forms of well-known and proven medicines that reduce adverse events and increase adherence to treatment is extremely important and promising. Of the latest achievements in this regard, it should be noted a new form of alendronate-Binosto-effervescent soluble tablet, the use of which reduces the risk of irritating effects on the upper gastrointestinal tract.
The role of brief intervention in achieving and maintaining abstinence in patients with alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Lunkov V. D. , Maevskaya M. V. , Ivashkin V. T.
Published: January 2020

Objective of the study. prove the effectiveness of brief psychological intervention (BPI) conducted by an internist in achieving and maintaining abstinence in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD).

Materials and methods. A total of 65 patients were included in the study: 29 patients in the BPI group and 36 in the historical control group. A comparative analysis of the frequency of achievement and maintenance of abstinence and analysis of factors associated with these parameters were conducted.

Results of the study. The frequency of achieving abstinence was significantly higher in the BPI group compared with the control group after 6, 9, 12 and 24 months from the date of inclusion in the study (p <0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.017, respectively; criterion χ2). The frequency of failures to achieve abstinence in the CPC group was significantly lower than in the control group after 6 months and in general for the entire observation period (p = 0.004, p = 0.005, respectively; criterion χ2). Provision of BPIs for 12 months after alcohol-induced decompensation serves as a factor that is reliably associated with achieving total abstinence within 24 months (p = 0.001, criterion χ2). Decompensated cirrhosis of the liver serves as factors independently associated with failures to achieve abstinence within 24 months after alcohol-induced illness (OS: 10.72 [95% CI 2.17–52.81]; p = 0.004) and the absence of BPI after discharge from the hospital (OSH BPI: 0.80 [95% CI 0.14–0.479]; p = 0.006)

Conclusion. BPIs provided by an internist to the patients with ABD for 12 months after alcohol-induced decompensation leads to a higher rate of achieving total abstinence and decrease in the frequency of failures to achieve abstinence within 24 months after discharge from the hospital.
Modern methods of medical treatment of acromegaly
Authors: Pronin V. S. , Pronin E. V.
Published: January 2020

The continuing difficulty of treatment of acromegaly depends on: late diagnosis of the disease, the multiplicity of pathological variants of GH-secreting adenomas, the presence of complicated forms of the disease, and the lack of differentiated approach when choosing a treatment strategy. At the present time, when there are many divergent therapeutic tools to achieve the target values depending on the specific structure of the pathological tumor tissue, the main problem lies in the establishment of adequate algorithms to ensure prompt achievement and maintenance of biochemical remission. Due to the improvement of surgical aids medical therapy for acromegaly is generally used as a second line treatment, assignable at continuing disease activity after non-radical adenomectomy.). With the introduction of prolongated analogs of somatostatin, mostly affecting the 2nd (octreotide, lanreotide), or 5th (pasireotide) subtypes of the somatostatin receptors, selective dopamine agonists (cabergoline), and growth hormone receptor antagonist (pegvisomant) into wide clinical practice patients received a great opportunity to achieve a stable biochemical control of acromegaly regardless of secretory activity and receptor phenotype of the tumor tissue. The present paper reveals the mechanisms of action and the characteristics of the most common pharmacological agents, as well as the indications for their use in the combined treatment of acromegaly. It discusses the topic of therapeutic benefit with resistance to somatostatin analogues of the 1st generation. The results of a multicenter randomized clinical trials on the effectiveness and safety of somatostatin analogs, as well as current international recommendations of optimal schemes of therapeutic benefit in acromegaly are also presented here. It stressed the need for a differentiated approach to the treatment based on the clinical and pathological features of somatotropinoms and the individual sensitivity of patients to drugs used.
Hypothyroidism in a physician’s practice: difficulties of diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Verbovoy A. F. , Dolgikh Yu. A.
Published: January 2020

Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disease after diabetes mellitus. Its frequency depends on age, sex and iodine intake. The highest prevalence of hypothyroidism is observed in older women. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause of this condition. The peculiarity of hypothyroidism is an erased clinical picture, diversity and nonspecific symptoms. This makes it difficult to diagnose the disease, leads to an erroneous diagnosis and later detection of thyroid insufficiency. This article discusses the various «masks» of hypothyroidism and peculiarities of clinical manifestations. The main «masks» are: cardiological, dermatological, urological, gastroenterological, endocrine and reproductive system disorders, neurological, psychiatric, hematological, rheumatological. Free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone are used to diagnose hypothyroidism, as well as antibody titer to thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin to detect chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Levothyroxine preparations are used as a substitution therapy. The dose of the drug depends on the age of the patient and the presence of cardiovascular disease. Patients under 50 years of age without a severe concomitant cardiovascular disease are given 1.6 µg of levothyroxine per kg of body weight. In persons over 50 years of age with cardiovascular diseases, the drug dose is prescribed at the rate of 0.9 µg per kg of body weight. The therapy starts with small doses, slowly increasing it under the control of electrocardiography. At occurrence or strengthening of symptoms of angina a dose of levothyroxine is reduced to the previous one and the cardiovascular therapy is corrected. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment is carried out on the level of thyroid hormone.
Drug adjustment of modified risk factors as one of the leading strategies for managing patients with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Zyryanov S. K. , Baybulatova E. A.
Published: January 2020

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number 1 cause of death globally. Risk factors for CVDs may trigger the development of pathological conditions to a certain degree. The cardiovascular continuum is a continuous chain of interconnected changes in the cardiovascular system from exposure to risk factors via the gradual onset and progression of CVD to the development of terminal heart damage and death. The continuous chain of interconnected changes in the structure and function of several body organs and systems at once within the continuum suggests the presence of common pathophysiological processes, mechanisms of development and progression of organ damages. The drug’s ability to affect all stages of the cardiovascular continuum defines the choice of modern pharmacotherapy for cardiological patients. Using drugs with multi-target (multi-purpose) action is one of the possibilities for optimizing pharmacotherapy. The provided results of clinical studies show that drugs meeting this requirement include ACE inhibitors (ramipril), beta-blockers (metoprolol), lipid-lowering drugs (combination drug rosuvastatin/ezetimib), allopurinol. The choice of drugs for pharmacotherapy of patients with cardiovascular diseases should be based on the presence and severity of all risk factors and associated conditions and taking into account the individual characteristics of the drugs. Patients with chronic heart disease usually need lifelong therapy, and search for the best individual treatment for each patient is crucial. Using drugs with multi-target (multi-purpose) action is one of the possibilities for optimizing treatment.
The integrated assessment of elemental status in women of reproductive age with hypothyroidism from the Aral Sea zone of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Serikbayeva A. A. , Turmukhambetova A. A. , Dosmagambetova R. S. , Shcherbakova L. V. , Rymar O. D.
Published: January 2020

The article dedicates to the study of microelements in the blood serum of women of reproductive age, with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism (subclinical and manifest), living in disadvantaged areas of the Aral Sea region. This article presents the study of 1154 women. Every fourth woman (25%) has an essential deficiency of such microelements like iodine, selenium, iron, zinc independently of thyroid function. Our study discovered negative associations of TSH concentration with essential microelements like manganese, copper, selenium, and positiveassociation with iodine. We also obtain positive relationships between AT-TPO and zinc and iodine. The relationship of zinc with AT – TPO level and thyroid status, especially in the regions with sufficient ioduria among residents,require further researchto study it’spossible effecton thyroid dysfunctions. We established positive associations of free T4 with essential microelements like manganese, iron, and negative association with iodine. Estimation of thyroid status and toxic microelementsrevealed positive association of free T4 with cadmium, nickel, and lead, and negativewith mercury.
Vascular age concept: role in assessing risk and choosing therapy
Authors: Gilyarevsky S. R. , Golshmid M. V. , Bendeliani N. G. , Kuzmina I. M. , Zaharova G. Y. , Sinitcina I. I.
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the vascular age concept and modern approaches to assessing vascular age. It describes modern methods for measuring arterial stiffness (applanation tonometry or ultrasonic Doppler examination) as the most frequently used index of vascular age. The authors discuss the role of antihypertensive therapy and statins in preventing early vascular aging, and the relationship between the role of achieving lower blood pressure levels and the choice of certain antihypertensive agents to reduce arterial stiffness and ensure optimal vascular age. Increased arterial stiffness has been reported to be a marker of risk for developing severe complications of cardiovascular diseases, in particular, a meta-analysis showed that after taking into account the known risk factors for developing cardiovascular complications, higher carotid stiffness was associated with an increased risk of stroke. It is stated that in addition to biological age, vascular age may increase due to the cumulative effect of such risk factors as high blood pressure, impaired glucose homeostasis, obesity and hypercholesterolemia. Modern approaches to the preservation and maintenance of vascular age are discussed. The key role of achieving lower blood pressure levels is considered. It is emphasized that the role of combination drugs in preventing complications of cardiovascular diseases is strengthened, and approaches to choosing the optimal components of such combination drugs are also considered. The relationship between increased arterial stiffness and the development of cognitive disorders is discussed. The article describes the role of statins and effectiveness of the concomitant use of statins and combination antihypertensive therapy in reducing the pulse wave velocity.
Modern aspects of surgical treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation. Development of uniform criteria for selecting patients for radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Libov I. A. , Mayorov I. M. , Porunov L. P.
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the issues concerning the treatment of patients with the atrial fibrillation (AF), analyzes the indications for execution, in the absence of the effect of medication treatment, radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) of the lung vein entries and electrical spiral waves in the atria or rotors, the clinical effects of this procedure, assesses the contribution of focal activity in maintaining the persistent AF. The influence of concomitant pathology and anatomical-morphological peculiarities of the heart on early and distant RFA results in patients with persistent AF is discussed. The success and efficacy of AF surgical treatment depends not only on the method and technology of the chosen procedure, but also on the risk factors for the recurrence of AF (so-called predictors). Radio-frequency ablation, being an invasive surgery, has its own spectrum of possible complications and high economic component, which predetermines the necessity to predict the efficiency of the procedure, i.e. preoperative determination of the patient group, in which this type of treatment will be justified, and the expected efficiency and safety – higher than the probability of complications. The study of this problem and the development of criteria for selecting patients with AF will allow predicting the effectiveness of surgical intervention with high probability, which in turn will contribute to the correct strategy selection.
Strategies for patient therapy with chronic brain ischemia
Authors: Kurushina O. V. , Barulin A. E. , Vorobjeva Yu. S.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of various pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the formation of chronic brain ischemia. The authors discuss current trends in society, leading to a wide spread of cerebrovascular diseases: an increase in life expectancy and a constantly increasing level of psychosocial stresses. The paper considers the variety of clinical manifestations, course options, the pace of development of this pathology, diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties encountered by doctors treating this category of patients. Particular attention is paid to symptoms that prevent a full course of treatment and prevention of chronic cerebral ischemia, such as asthenia and impaired statolocomotor function. The leading pathogenetic mechanisms that play a role in the formation of these syndromes are discussed. Various approaches to the treatment of this pathological condition are considered. The possibility of using drugs with a multimodal effect is discussed. An analysis of a clinical case involving a patient with a long history of chronic brain ischemia is presented. The main factors that are obstacles to a full pathogenetically directed treatment are identified and ways to solve this therapeutic problem are given. The authors conclude that it is necessary to formulate a wellthought- out therapy strategy for this pathological condition, including timely, well-considered use of drugs with a neurotrophic, neuromodulating effect, which allows further measures, including non-pharmacological approaches. Particular attention is paid to the role of social support and physical activity for the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases.
TÜRKİYE’DE ULUSAL KİMLİK İNŞASI VE SİYASİ PARTİ KİMLİKLERİ
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Fatih , ÖZKAN Türker
Published: January 2020

Makalenin amacı, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son yıllarından günümüze kadar olan dönemde, Türkiye’deki ulusal kimlikleşme sürecine odaklanmak ve aydınlar ya da siyasi parti liderlerinin ulusal kimliği nasıl şekillendirebildiğinin altını çizmektir. Zamanın ihtiyaçlarına paralel olarak, ulusal kimlik inşasında Osmanlıcılık, İslamcılık ve Türkçülük gibi farklı yaklaşımlar benimsenmiş ve vatandaşlık, din ya da etnik köken-temelli söylemler insanları birarada tutmak amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Cumhuriyet döneminde ise siyasi parti liderleri kendi partilerinin değerleriyle uyumlu olarak ulusal kimliği tanımlamış ve ulusal kimlikleşme sürecine etki etmiştir. Kısa bir dönemde gerçekleşen bu gelişmeler, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin mevcut ulusal kimliğinin hem etno-kültürel hem sivil kimlikleşme özellikleri içermesine neden olmuştur. Bu ikilik ulusal kimliği kırılgan hale getirmekte ve “Türk” ve “Türkiyeli” kavramlarına ilişkin tartışmaya ve etnik/dini azınlık grupların Türkiye toplumuna uyum sağlayamamasına neden olmaktadır. Bu makale Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ulusal kimlikleşme süreci, siyasi parti kimlikleri, siyasi partiler arası ilişkiler ve güncel sosyo-politik gelişmelerle ilgilenen kişiler için önemli bir kaynak niteliğindedir.
CFD-based process optimization of a dissolved air flotation system for drinking water production
Authors: Satpathy K. , Rehman U. , Cools B. , Verdickt L. , Peleman G. , Nopens I.
Published: January 2020

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) has received more attention recently as a separation technique in both drinking water as well as wastewater treatment. However, the process as well as the preceding flocculation step is complex and not completely understood. Given the multiphase nature of the process, fluid dynamics studies are important to understand and optimize the DAF system in terms of operation and design. The present study is intended towards a comprehensive computational analysis for design optimization of the treatment plant in Kluizen, Belgium. Setting up the modelling framework involving the multiphase flow problem is briefly discussed. 3D numerical simulations on a scaled down model of the DAF design were analysed. The flow features give better confidence, but the flocs escape through the outlet still prevails which is averse to the system performance. In order to improve the performance and ease of maintenance, design modifications have been proposed by using a perforated tube for water extraction and are found to be satisfactory. The discussion is further reinforced through validating the numerical model against the experimental findings for stratified flow conditions.
Thrombospondin-1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target: Multiple Roles in Cancers
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Zeng Zheng , Lin Caiji , Wang Jiali , Xu Wenwen , Ma Wenqing , Xiang Qian , Liu Huidi , Liu Shu-Lin
Published: January 2020

Thrombospondin-1, an extracellular matrix protein, is the first identified natural angiogenesis inhibitor. Thrombospondin-1 participates in a great number of physiological and pathological processes, including cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions via a number of cell receptors, including CD36 and CD47, which plays a vital role in mediating inflammation and performs a promoting effect in pulmonary arterial vasculopathy and diabetes. Thrombospondin-1 consists of six domains, which combine with different molecules and participate in various functions in cancers, serving as a critical member in diverse pathways in cancers. Thrombospondin-1 works as a cancer promotor in some pathways but as a cancer suppressor in others, which makes it highly possible that its erroneous functioning might lead to opposite effects. Therefore, subdividing the roles of thrombospondin-1 and distinguishing them in cancers are necessary. Complex structure and multiple roles take disadvantage of the research and application of thrombospondin-1. Compared with the whole thrombospondin-1 protein, each thrombospondin- 1 active peptide performs an uncomplicated structure and, nevertheless, a specific role. In other words, various thrombospondin-1 active peptides may function differently. For instance, thrombospondin-1 could both promote and inhibit glioblastoma, which is significantly inhibited by the three type I repeats, a thrombospondin-1 active peptide but promoted by the fragment 167-569, a thrombospondin-1 active peptide consisting of the procollagen homology domain and the three type I repeats. Further studies of the functions of thrombospondin-1 active peptides and applying them reasonably are necessary. In addition to mediating cancerogenesis, thrombospondin-1 is also affected by cancer development, as reflected by its expression in plasma and the cancer tissue. Therefore, thrombospondin-1 may be a potential biomarker for pre-clinical and clinical application. This review summarizes findings on the multiple roles of thrombospondin-1 in cancer processes, with a focus on its use as a potential therapeutic target.
Unveiling the Targets Involved in the Quest of Antileishmanial Leads Using In silico Methods
Authors: Boniface Pone K. , Sano Cinthya M. , Elizabeth Ferreira I.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease associated with several clinical
manifestations, including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral forms. As currently available drugs
have some limitations (toxicity, resistance, among others), the target-based identification has been an
important approach to develop new leads against leishmaniasis. The present study aims to identify targets
involved in the pharmacological action of potent antileishmanial compounds.

Methods:

The literature information regarding molecular interactions of antileishmanial compounds
studied over the past half-decade is discussed. The information was obtained from databases such as
Wiley, SciFinder, Science Direct, National Library of Medicine, American Chemical Society, Scientific
Electronic Library Online, Scopus, Springer, Google Scholar, Web of Science, etc.

Results:

Numerous in vitro antileishmanial compounds showed affinity and selective interactions with
enzymes such as arginase, pteridine reductase 1, trypanothione reductase, pyruvate kinase, among others,
which are crucial for the survival and virulence of the Leishmania parasite.

Conclusion:

The in-silico activity of small molecules (enzymes, proteins, among others) might be
used as pharmacological tools to develop candidate compounds for the treatment of leishmaniasis. As
some pharmacologically active compounds may act on more than one target, additional studies of the
mechanism (s) of action of potent antileishmanial compounds might help to better understand their
pharmacological action. Also, the optimization of promising antileishmanial compounds might improve
their biological activity.
Factors Influencing Adherence Among Youth with Type-1-Diabetes Mellitus - The Hungarian Case
Authors: Nagy Beáta E. , Munkácsi Brigitta , Kovács Karolina Eszter
Published: January 2020

Background & Introduction:

Due to the increasing prevalence of type-1-diabetes, an increasing
number of studies have drawn attention to its psychological effects and long-term consequences.
As Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic, non-curable, yet maintainable condition, with the
affected children and their families facing a lifelong challenge, our research focuses on the factors influencing
adherence.

Methods:

The adherence of youth was examined in a sample involving 114 patients treated in the
Medical and Health Science Centre at the University of Debrecen by employing a new adherence questionnaire
(DAQ abbreviated version, Munkácsi et al. 2019) (DAF 2017; N=114). The influence of socio-
demographic variables and those related to the disease (age at the time of diagnosis, the time elapsed
since diagnosis, method of treatment, the time elapsed since the use of the pump) was measured by linear
regression. Furthermore, the between-group comparisons were made by independent sample t-tests and
variance analysis. The investigation was carried out between September 2017 and May 2018.

Results:

The effect of using insulin pump as therapy turned out to be significant and positive (0.36.
p=0.045). It was observed that the adherence of the patients using insulin pump was higher while the
effect of the age at the diagnosis had a significantly negative effect (-.247, p=0.035). Thus, earlier detection
of the disease may lead to a higher level of adherence. The effects of the socio-demographic
variables (gender, family structure, educational level, type of the settlement, owning sibling and birth
order) were not significant (p>0.05). Regarding the between-group comparisons, a significant difference
could be pointed out concerning the siblings and birth-order as the adherence of those with siblings
was higher (p=0.044). Moreover, concerning insulin pump therapy, the adherence of patients using
pump was significantly better (p=0.048). Also, regarding the age of the diagnosis, the adherence of
those diagnosed before 12 was seemingly higher (p=0.039). Concerning the other socio-demographical
and disease-related variables, no significant differences could be detected.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that the treatment has an outstanding role in the adherence of the disease.
Moreover, the role of the appropriate treatment, living conditions as well as the early diagnosis is
relevant.
Elucidation of Antibacterial Compounds from Inflorescences of Banana (Musa balbisiana cv. Saba) Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tin Hoe S. , Padam Birdie S. , Chye Fook Y.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Banana by-products are undervalued and their potential remains untapped.
They are often composted after the fruits are harvested, reducing the cause of environmental pollutions
due to open burning.

Objectives:

The study aims to identify the bioactive compounds in banana [Musa acuminate x balbisiana
Colla cv. Saba (Musaceae)] inflorescence buds that are responsible for the antibacterial activity on
selected foodborne pathogens.

Methods:

Dried inflorescence buds were extracted using methanol and subsequently partitioned into
chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and deionized water. Further isolation of bioactive components
was based on a bioassay-guided fractionation and the inhibitory activity at various concentrations
against selected foodborne pathogens was determined. The compounds were identified using highperformance
liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS).

Results:

The SPE-fraction 3 (BWF-3) purified from the methanolic water partition of banana inflorescence
showed the most prominent inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory
concentration at 12.0 μg/ml. The BWF-3 was later identified as proanthocyanidins with epigallocatechin
as the main extension unit. Additionally, the survival of Listeria monocytogenes increased
with the fortification of ferum (II) and (III) at a concentration as low as 1 mM but not for the calcium,
magnesium, manganese and glucose.

Conclusion:

The methanolic partition of banana inflorescence buds could be a potential source of
natural antibacterial for food and pharmaceutical applications.
One-pot Multicomponent Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]benzoxazines and pyrrolo[1, 2-a]pyrazines in Water Catalyzed by Fe3O4@SiO2@L-Arginine-SA Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Rostami Hedieh , Shiri Lotfi
Published: January 2020

Aims:

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]benzoxazines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines using magnetic
nanoparticles.

Background:

One-pot, three component reaction for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]benzoxazines and
pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines is reported. For the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]benzoxazines use of 2-
aminophenols, dialkylacetylenedicarboxylates and β -nitrostyrene derivatives and Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines
synthesized from reaction of ethylenediamine, dialkylacetylenedicarboxylates and β-nitrostyrene derivatives is
discussed.

Materials and Methods:

2-aminophenol (0.5 mmol) and dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate (0.5 mmol) in water
(3 ml) were stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then, β-nitrostyrene (0.5 mmol) and Fe3O4@SiO2@LArginine-
SA MNPs (0.07 g) were added and the mixture was refluxed for 5 h. After completion of the reaction,
the mixture was cooled to room temperature and the catalyst was separated with external magnet and product
extracted with dichloromethane. More purification of products was performed by column chromatography (nhexane/
ethyl acetate 4:1). Ethylenediamine (0.6 mmol) was added to dialkylacetylenedicarboxylate (0.6 mmol)
in 3 ml water and was stirred for 10 min at room temperature. Later, β -nitrostyrene (0.5 mmol) and
Fe3O4@SiO2@L-Arginine-SA MNPs (0.06 g) were added to mixture reaction and refluxed for 3 h. After
completion, the mixture reaction was cooled to room temperature and the catalyst was separated by an external
magnet. Then, the product was extracted with dichloromethane. For more purification column chromatography
was used (n-hexane/ethylacetate 1:1).

Results and Discussion:

In this research, we have synthesized new derivatives of pyrrolo[1,2-
d][1.4]benzoxazines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines in green conditions consisting of use of water as a green
solvent and magnetic nanoparticles.

Conclusion:

In this research, we have synthesized new derivatives of pyrrolo[1,2-d][1.4]benzoxazines and
pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines in green conditions consisting of use of water as a green solvent and magnetic
nanoparticles which were easily separated from mixture with an external magnet and had the capability to be
recovered and reused. Also, in this work, the yield was good and the time of reactions was low compared with
prior research.
Monocyclic Peptides: Types, Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Khazaei-poul Yalda , Farhadi Shohreh , Ghani Sepideh , Ahmadizad Safar Ali , Ranjbari Javad
Published: January 2020

:

Peptides are considered to be appropriate tools in various biological fields. They can be
primarily used for the rational design of bioactive molecules. They can act as ligands in the development
of targeted therapeutics as well as diagnostics, can be used in the design of vaccines or can be
employed in agriculture. Peptides can be classified in two broad structural classes: linear and cyclic
peptides. Monocyclic peptides are a class of polypeptides with one macrocyclic ring that bears advantages,
such as more selective binding and uptake by the target receptor, as well as higher potency
and stability compared to linear types. This paper provides an overview of the categories, synthesis
methods and various applications of cyclic peptides. The various applications of cyclic peptides include
their use as pro-apoptotic and anti-microbial agents, their application as targeting ligands in drug
delivery and diagnostic agents, as well as agricultural and therapeutics applications that are elaborated
and discussed in this paper.
Allopurinol Loaded Transferosomes for the Alleviation of Symptomatic After-effects of Gout: An Account of Pharmaceutical Implications
Authors: Tiwari Ruchi , Tiwari Gaurav , Singh Rachna
Published: January 2020

Background:

The present study assessed the transdermal potential of transferosomes
loaded with allopurinol for the treatment of gout.

Methods:

Transferosomes of allopurinol were composed of different ratios of tween-80, soya
lecithin and solvent using a thin-film hydration method. Transferosomes were characterized for
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, % entrapment efficiency (%EE), Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), in-vitro drug release and kinetics as well as stability.
Then, optimized formulation was incorporated in gel and evaluated for viscosity, pH, extrudability,
homogeneity, skin irritation study, spreadability, ex vivo skin permeation study, flux, and stability.

Results:

SEM studies suggested that vesicles were spherical and zeta potential were in the range of
-11.4 mV to -29.6 mV and %EE was 52.4- 83.87%. FTIR study revealed that there was no interaction
between allopurinol and excipients during the preparation of transferosomes. The cumulative
percentage of drug release from various transferosomes was ranged from 51.87 to 81.87%. A transferosomal
gel of F8 formulation was prepared using dispersion method reported pseudoplastic
rheological behavior, optimum pH, spreadability and maximum drug permeation i.e. 79.84% with
flux 13.06 g/cm2/hr, followed zero-order release kinetics. Irritation and in-vivo studies of optimized
transferosomal gel G8 on rabbits revealed better results than the standard allopurinol.

Conclusion:

This research suggested that allopurinol loaded transferosomal gel can be potentially
used as a transdermal drug delivery system for the treatment of gout.
Identification of Genomic Islands in Synechococcus sp. WH8102 Using Genomic Barcode and Whole-Genome Microarray Analysis
Authors: Pan Jiahui , Luo Xizi , Bian Jiang , Shao Tong , Li Chaoying , Zhao Tingting , Zhang Shiwei , Zhou Fengfeng , Wang Guoqing
Published: January 2020

Background:

Synechococcus sp. WH8102 is one of the most abundant photosynthetic organisms in many ocean regions.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to identify genomic islands (GIs) in Synechococcus sp. WH8102 with integrated methods.

Methods:

We have applied genomic barcode to identify the GIs in Synechococcus sp. WH8102, which could make genomic regions of different origins visually apparent. The gene expression data of the predicted GIs was analyzed through microarray data which was collected for functional analysis of the relevant genes.

Results:

Seven GIs were identified in Synechococcus sp. WH8102. Most of them are involved in cell surface modification, photosynthesis and drug resistance. In addition, our analysis also revealed the functions of these GIs, which could be used for in-depth study on the evolution of this strain.

Conclusion:

Genomic barcodes provide us with a comprehensive and intuitive view of the target genome. We can use it to understand the intrinsic characteristics of the whole genome and identify GIs or other similar elements.
Radioiodinated Ginger Compounds (6-gingerol and 6-shogaol) and Incorporation Assays on Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Karatay Kadriye B. , Kılçar Ayfer Yurt , Derviş Emine , Müftüler Fazilet Z. Biber
Published: January 2020

Background:

6-Gingerol (6G) and 6-Shogaol (6S) are the main active components of ginger. 6-Gingerol is known for its anti-metastatic and anti-invasive pharmacological activities on cancer cells, besides, 6-Shogaol also inhibits breast cancer cell invasion.

Objective:

In this study, radioiodination (131I) of 6G and 6S was aimed. Additionally, it is aimed to monitor their incorporation behavior on breast cancer cell lines.

Methods:

6-Gingerol was isolated from the fresh ginger-roots extract, additionally, dehydrated to obtain 6-Shogaol. 6G and 6S were radioiodinated using iodogen method. Quality control studies of radioiodinated ginger compounds (6G and 6S) were performed by thin layer radio-chromatography. In vitro studies of radioiodinated ginger compounds on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were performed with incorporation assays.

Results:

6-Gingerol and 6-Shogaol were radioiodinated (131I-6G and131I-6S) in high yields over 95%.131I-6S demonstrated higher incorporation values than131I-6G on MDA-MB-231 cells. Incorporation behavior of131I-6G and131I-6S was similar to MCF-7 cells.

Conclusion:

It has been observed that ginger compounds were radioiodinated successfully and131I-6S have a noteworthy incorporation on MDA-MB-231 cells which is a known breast carcinoma cell line with highly invasive characteristics.
An Evaluation of the Effects of Pyridoxal Phosphate in Chlorpromazineinduced Parkinsonism using Mice
Authors: Olofinnade Anthony T. , Onaolapo Tolulope M. , Oladimeji Samad , Fatoki Adetunji M. , Balogun Covenant I. , Onaolapo Adejoke Y. , Onaolapo Olakunle J.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Parkinsonism is a neurodegenerative disorder with a heavy disease burden,
despite the discovery and application of drugs. Current research is beginning to suggest the
possible crucial roles of micronutrients such as pyridoxal phosphate in the prevention or management
of neurodegenerative disorders.

Objectives:

We investigated the possible protective effects of supplemental pyridoxal phosphate in
Chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced Parkinsonism-like changes in mice.

Methods:

Mice were assigned to eight groups of 30 mice each. Groups included Vehicle control
(fed standard diet (SD), and administered intraperitoneal ip injection of saline and saline per
orem), levodopa-carbidopa (LD) group (SD, saline ip and LD per orem), two groups fed pyridoxal
phosphate-supplemented diet (at 100 and 200 mg/kg of feed), and administered saline both ip and
orally, CPZ group (SD, CPZ ip and saline per orem), CPZ/LD group (SD, CPZ ip and LD per
orem) and finally two groups fed pyridoxal phosphate -supplemented diet (at 100 and 200 mg/kg
of feed) and administered CPZ ip plus saline per orem. Treatments were administered daily for a
period of 21 days to allow for the induction of Parkinsonism features. Body weight and food intake
were measured weekly while neurobehavioural and biochemical tests were assessed at the end of
the experimental period.

Results:

Pyridoxal phosphate supplementation was associated with a reduction in CPZ-induced
suppression of open-field horizontal locomotion and rearing; and a significant increase in grooming
activity. Administration of pyridoxal phosphate-supplemented diet was also associated with
improvements in working-memory in CPZ-treated mice; and there was reduction in the index of
anxiety and catalepsy score.

Conclusion:

Pyridoxal phosphate supplementation was associated with significant benefits in
CPZ-induced Parkinsonism-like changes in mice.
Nickel Allergy: Epidemiology, Pathomechanism, Clinical Patterns, Treatment and Prevention Programs
Authors: Tramontana Marta , Bianchi Leonardo , Hansel Katharina , Agostinelli Daniela , Stingeni Luca
Published: January 2020

Nickel is the most common cause of contact allergy in the general population and the most frequently detected allergen in patients patch tested for suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). ACD from nickel is a typical type IV hypersensitivity. Nickel allergy is mostly caused by nonoccupational exposure, such as jewelry and clothing decorations, metal tools, medical devices (mainly orthopedic and orthodontic implants, cardiovascular prosthesis), eyeglasses, utensils, keys, pigment for paint, cosmetics, and food (mainly legumes, chocolate, salmon, peanuts). Occupational exposure can involve several workers (mechanics, metalworkers, platers, hairdressers, jewelers, workers in the constructions and electronic industries), classically involving hands and forearms. The classic clinical pattern of ACD caused by nickel is characterized by eczematous dermatitis involving the sites of direct contact with the metal. Non-eczematous-patterns are reported, including lichenoid dermatitis, granuloma annulare, vitiligo-like lesions, dyshidrosiform dermatitis, and vasculitis. In the case of systemic exposure to nickel, sensitized patients could develop systemic contact dermatitis. Patch testing represents the gold standard for the diagnosis of ACD from nickel. Treatment includes avoidance of contact with products containing nickel and the patient’s education about the possible use of alternative products. A recent EU nickel directive, regulating the content and release of nickel from products, has caused a decrease of nickel contact allergy in some European countries. Nickel allergy is a relevant issue of public health with significant personal, social, and economic impact. This review summarizes epidemiology, pathomechanism, clinical patterns, treatment, and prevention programs.
Recent Advances in Chemotherapeutic Implications of Deguelin: A Plant- Derived Retinoid
Authors: Mir Manzoor A. , Mehraj Umar , Sheikh Bashir A.
Published: January 2020

Deguelin, a plant retinoid has emerged to be a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment
of different cancers. Recent studies demonstrate that deguelin has potential as an angiogenesis
antagonist in malignant and endothelial cells by specifically targeting HGF-c-Met and VEGFVEGFR
pathways. It is reported to have profound therapeutic effects in pancreatic cancer by inactivation
of the hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway and suppresses the expression of matrix metalloproteinases
such as MMP-2 and MMP-9. The basic underlying mechanisms for deguelin mediated anti-
NSCLC effects were uncovered through its induction of elevated intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS) levels and suppression of the PI3K /Akt-HK2 signalling pathway. Deguelin induces cell
apoptosis by targeting various pathways most notably regulating the expression of galectin-1 and
binding directly to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), Bcl-xl (B-cell lymphoma-extralarge)
and Mcl-1 (Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1) in the hydrophobic grooves thereby liberating BAD
and BAX from binding with these proteins. These results derived from the effect of Deguelin on various
cancer cell lines have further elucidated its role as a novel anti-tumorigenic agent targeting angiogenesis,
apoptosis, cell proliferation and migration for cancer chemoprevention. In this review, an
attempt has been made to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of Deguelin in destroying the
cancer cells by inhibiting various tumour promoting pathways and its uses as a therapeutic agent
alone or in combination.
The Catalytic Activity of TiO2Toward a Multicomponent Reaction Depends on its Morphology, Mechanoactivation and Presence of Visible Light
Authors: Thirumeni Subramanian , Balasanthiran Choumini , Sereda Grigoriy
Published: January 2020

Aims:

Test the hypothesis that the catalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles towards a liquidphase or mechanoactivated multicomponent reaction can be tuned by visible light and the shape of nanoparticles.

Background:

Catalytic multicomponent reactions have been proven to be excellent synthetic approaches to a series of biologically relevant compounds including 2-amino-4H-benzo[b]pyrans. However, the potential photocatalytic activity and structural diversity of nanostructured catalysts remained underutilized in the design of new catalytic systems.

Objective:

Harness the photocatalytic potential and diverse morphology of TiO2 particles as catalysts for the liquid phase and mechanoactivated multicomponent organic reactions.

Results:

Catalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles towards multicomponent synthesis of 2-amino-4Hbenzo[ b]pyrans is increased by visible light. The nanorod-shaped TiO2 nanoparticles have shown substantially higher catalytic activity towards mechanoactivated multicomponent synthesis of 2- amino-4H-benzo[b]pyrans than their spherically-shaped counterparts.

Conclusion:

: An efficient methodology for the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-benzo[b]pyrans under ambient light condition has been developed using TiO2 nanorods (high aspect ratio anatase nanocrystals) as photocatalyst. This simple method furnished the corresponding terahydrobenzopyrans in high yields via three component reaction of aldehyde, malononitrile, and dimidone under solvent free reaction conditions at room temperature. The reaction takes 8-10 min at room temperature under ambient light condition and the catalyst can be reused multiple times. Utilization of light and the nanorod morphology of the catalyst through mechanoactivation has been applied for the -first time to the synthetic technique of multicomponent reactions. The synthetic procedures for 2-amino-4Hbenzo[ b]pyrans have been improved.