bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NEW TYPE OF DETERMINISTIC CHAOS: DETERMINISTIC CHAOS OF THE SECOND KIND
Authors:   State Service on Emergencies of Ukraine and National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Artemenko Vladuslav , Petrovych Volodymyr ,   National Transport University
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Currently, the phenomena of deterministic (Dynamic) chaos are widely used in science and technology. Therefore, now the urgent task is to study new phenomena and new manifestations of deterministic chaos. This paper examines a fundamentally new manifestation of deterministic chaos (Deterministic chaos of the second kind). In this regard, previously known manifestations of deterministic chaos should be called manifestations of chaos of the first kind (The previously known type of deterministic chaos, in our terminology, is chaos of the first kind). Deterministic chaos of the first kind is chaos that is directly related to the deterministic - chaotic behavior of the dynamic variables of a given dynamic system. At the same time, our work examines the characteristic features of deterministic chaos of the first kind and methods for generating such chaos. In our work, we considered a fundamentally different type of manifestation of dynamic chaos, namely deterministic chaos of the second kind. Deterministic chaos of the second kind is not directly related to the deterministic chaotic behavior of the dynamic variables of a dynamic system and can only exist in characteristics that are not directly related to the dynamic variables. That is, dynamic chaos of the second kind arises only in second-order manifestations: For example, in the Fourier spectrum. In a more general case, this could be any other type of spectrum (Not Fourier) and even another characteristic different from the spectrum. The paper provides two examples of deterministic chaos of the second kind. The work also proposes a general technique for generating time series demonstrating deterministic chaos of the second kind*. It is very important that dynamic chaos in the examples given in this work manifests itself not in the time series themselves (Which are completely random) but in the Fourier spectrum of these time series. Thus, the original series itself (The original signal itself) can be random, but at the same time, the spectrum of this series, if considered as another time series, can exhibit deterministic chaotic behavior. Thus, for the first time we were able to build a bridge between completely random systems and deterministic chaotic systems. That is, in our work we were the first to show that the same system can be considered both random (From the point of view of the behavior of its variables) and at the same time as deterministic-chaotic (From the point of view of its spectrum or other similar characteristics). Goal of the work. Study of a newtype of deterministic chaos discovered by the authors (Deterministic chaos of the second kind) and the study of its properties and methods for generating this type of chaos.
ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE FACTORS OF FORMATION AND USE OF THE INTELLECTUAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES
Authors:   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Goi Vasyl
Published: August 2024

Summary. The topicality of the topic of economic-mathematical modeling of the factors of formation and use of the intellectual economic system of construction enterprises is proven. The definition of an intelligent economic system is proposed as a set of economic, geospatial, security, and social components that are developed by applying modern mathematical methods and models, artificial intelligence, information and analytical support and tools and form the basis for making management decisions in the context of the development of construction enterprises. As a result of the evaluation, the average level of the integral indicator of the formation and use of the intelligent economic system at all construction enterprises was determined. This indicates mediocre opportunities for the formation and use of an intelligent economic system, taking into account the economic, geospatial, security, and social aspects of construction enterprises. Along with this, for the formation and implementation of an intellectual economic system, there is a need to develop relevant scientifically based recommendations by applying the tools of economic and mathematical modeling to forecast changes in the integral indicator and its impact on the generalizing factor of the development of construction enterprises.A scientific-methodical approach to determining the influence of the factors of the formation and use of the intellectual economic system on the integral indicator based on economic-mathematical modeling has been developed, which allows predicting changes in the generalizing criterion to create a basis for the development of relevant scientifically based recommendations. Based on the results of the numerical experiment of economic and mathematical modeling, it was concluded that a high correlation is observed between the integral indicator of the formation and use of the intelligent economic system of construction enterprises and economic and safety factors. The regression models built for these factor characteristics are significant and adequate.
CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF TRANSPORT SERVICES IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors:   National Transport University, Kovalenko Nataliia , Malakhova Yuliia ,   National Transport University, Konstantinov Yaroslav ,   National Transport University, Khmil Serhii ,   National Transport University
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the conceptual foundations of the organization of transport services in modern conditions. In order for the transport industry of Ukraine to function effectively, compete and develop in the conditions of martial law and in the post-war period, transport services should be considered as a commercial activity from the point of view of transport companies and an action that leads to a beneficial effect from the point of view of consumers. The article comprehensively examines the definitions of transport services enshrined in the legislative acts of Ukraine and the scientists' own points of view. The volumes of freight transportation and passenger transportation for 2021-2023 are analyzed. The main external factors that hold back the development of transport activities in Ukraine are described, but solving these problems can simultaneously stimulate investments in transport infrastructure, promote the development of international transport routes and increase the country's competitiveness on the world market. A group of factors is singled out, which are necessary for the development of the industry and may be reflected in restrictions or problems in the development of the transport market, but at the same time their solution or implementation can contribute to stimulating the demand for transport services and the general development of this market. Factors affecting the development of the transportation market are divided into three groups: the first group of factors determines the impact on the general economic situation of the state and the socio-political state; the second group of factors affecting the activity of cargo carriers and the third group - factors affecting passenger carriers. It was determined that the concept of synergistic transport service contributes to the creation of a comprehensive and optimized transport system, increasing the convenience, speed and efficiency of movement, reducing the cost of time and money for consumers. The results of the research can be used in the future in managing the development of transport enterprises, which will contribute to increasing their economic efficiency and competitiveness. Key words: transport service, organization, competitiveness, volume of transport, development of the transport sector, synergistic transport service.
USE OF ONLINE DATABASE AMONG FACULTY IN KERALA FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PEECHI, THRISSUR.
Authors: G S GOKUL , P B Yamuna
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to investigate the utilization of online databases among the faculty members at Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI) in Peechi, Thrissur. A questionnaire was distributed to the 28 faculty members in the institution to gather data on their use and experiences with online databases. The findings revealed that the most frequently utilized online databases by KFRI faculty were CABI and Scopus. However, the study also identified challenges such as licensing issues, insufficient library resources, technical system faults, and networking problems that affected the use of online databases. Faculty members expressed the importance of databases like AGRIS, Web of Science, and CABI for their research work. These findings shed light on the current information landscape within KFRI and emphasize the need to address the challenges faced in accessing and utilizing online databases. The study provides insights for library professionals and decision-makers in improving the availability and accessibility of online databases to support faculty research at KFRI and similar institutions.
Influence of inflammation on the expression of microRNA-140 in extracellular vesicles from 2D and 3D culture models of synovial-membrane-derived stem cells
Authors: Pfeifer João Pedro Hübbe , Stievani Fernanda de Castro , Fernandes Célio J. da Costa , Rosa Gustavo dos Santos , Apolonio Emanuel Vitor Pereira , Rossi Mariana Correa , Zambuzzi Willian Fernando , Alves Ana Liz Garcia
Published: August 2024

Background

In osteoarthritis (OA), articular homeostasis is regulated by microRNA-140 that inhibits ADAMTS-5, an enzyme that cleaves aggrecan and stimulates the synthesis of other inflammatory mediators. This study aims to evaluate the expression of microRNA-140 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from equine synovial-membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (eqSMMSCs) cultured in monolayer (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture models under an in vitro inflammatory environment.

Methods

Four experimental groups of eqSMMSC cultures were defined for isolation of the EVs. The 2D and 3D control groups were cultured in a conventional cell culture medium, while the 2D-OA and 3D-OA treatment groups were exposed to an OA-like medium containing IL-1β and TNFα. The culture media samples were collected at 24 h, 72 h, and 120 h time points for EV isolation and characterization using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to assess the expressions of microRNA-140 in both the cells and EVs. All statistical analyses were conducted at the 5% significance level.

Results

Encapsulation of the eqSMMSCs protected the cells from the inflammatory media compared to the monolayer cultures. EVs were found in higher concentrations in the 3D-OA cultures. Additionally, higher expressions of microRNA-140 were observed in the cells of the 3D-OA group at 24 and 72 h, whereas microRNA-140 expressions in the EVs were higher in the 3D group at 72 h and in the 2D-OA group at 120 h (p < 0.001). However, the 3D-OA culture showed higher expression of the mRNA Adamts5 in the EVs at 120 h.

Conclusion

The responses of the eqSMMSCs to inflammatory stimuli involve intracellular expression of microRNA-140 and its subsequent transportation via the EVs, with quicker responses observed in the 3D than 2D cultures. This study sheds light on the behaviors of stem cells in restoring homeostasis in osteoarthritic joints.
Corrigendum: Nα -acetyl-L-ornithine deacetylase from Escherichia coli and a ninhydrin-based assay to enable inhibitor identification
Authors: Kelley Emma H. , Osipiuk Jerzy , Korbas Malgorzata , Endres Michael , Bland Alayna , Ehrman Victoria , Joachimiak Andrzej , Olsen Kenneth W. , Becker Daniel P.
Published: August 2024

Graphical Abstract
Playing the blame game: how attribution of responsibility impacts consumer attitudes toward plastic waste
Authors: Mayer Monica , Kohl Patrice
Published: August 2024

Manufacturers often blame environmental issues on consumer behaviors. Plastic manufactures provide a classic example, engaging in marketing campaigns attributing responsibility for plastic waste to consumers and deflecting attention from the role of industry. Drawing on attribution theory, we conducted an experiment (n = 113) to test how messaging blaming consumers for plastic waste might influence attitudes, behavioral intentions, and policy support, compared to messaging blaming manufacturers. Compared with the manufacturer-blaming frame, the consumer-blaming frame resulted in less support for regulations increasing consumer accountability for plastic waste. We did not find a significant influence of the message frame on support for regulations holding manufacturers accountable for plastic waste. Based on these results, we suggest that practitioners consider framing messages surrounding plastic waste so as to minimize consumer blame in order to maximize potential support for plastic waste reduction initiatives.
Changing minds about climate change in Indonesia through a TV drama
Authors: Green Donald P. , Eko Rosiana , Ong Lionel , Paskuj Benedek , Godfrey Anna , Garg Ankur , Rea Helena
Published: August 2024

Drama has been shown to change attitudes and inspire action on topics as diverse as health, sanitation, intergroup conflict, and gender equality, but rarely have randomized trials assessed the influence of narrative entertainment programs focusing on climate change and environmental protection. We report the results of an experiment in which young Indonesian adults were sampled from five metropolitan areas. Participants were randomly assigned to watch a condensed two-hour version of a new award-winning TV drama series #CeritaKita (Our Story)—and accompanying social media discussion program Ngobrolin #CeritaKita (Chatter—Our Story)—as opposed to a placebo drama/discussion that lacked climate and environmental content. Outcomes were assessed via survey 1–7 days after exposure to the shows, and through a follow up survey after 5 months. We find that the treatment group became significantly more knowledgeable about environmental issues such as deforestation, an effect that persists long term. Other outcomes, such as motivation to participate in public discussion on climate change, willingness to follow influencers who post about environmental issues on social media, support for policies to address climate change and support for more media coverage of this issue, moved initially after viewing but subsided over time, possibly due to lack of continued exposure and other changes in context. This pattern of results suggests that ongoing/seasonal programming may be needed in order to sustain attitudinal and behavioral change.
Study on InSAR deformation information extraction and stress state assessment in a railway tunnel in a plateau area
Authors: Lyu Baihang , Liu Bo , Xie Binfu , Xiao Hairong , Liu Xing , Zhang Ziwen , Li Yang , Huang Xiameng , Shi Fangzhe
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The study proposes a method for evaluating stress distribution in high-altitude Tibetan Plateau railway tunnels using high-precision radar satellite time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar technology.

Methods: To effectively monitor and prevent geological hazards during the construction process, this method i employed, as it serves as a component of advanced geological prediction and surrounding rock deformation monitoring technology for high-altitude tunnels, particularly in the Dongelu Tunnel of the China–Tibet Railway. The study utilizes time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar to obtain deformation information for Dongelu Tunnel area between 2022 and 2023 from Sentinel- 1A orbit images. This quantitatively investigates the upper mountain body and line-of-sight direction along the tunnel. The deformation characteristics are correlated with high-frequency and high-precision automated vertical displacement monitoring results, determining the spatiotemporal distribution of tunnel deformation. In this study, a model that determines the vertical stress state of the Dongelu Tunnel under loading near the entrance and evaluates its health status was established.

Results: The results show that the surface deformation of the mountain above the tunnel axis develops slowly and is relatively small, with a maximum vertical deformation rate of 1–3 mm/year. The average stress on the tunnel arch is 5.54 MPa, with a fluctuation range of 0.01 MPa. Temporal Q9 changes in various parts of the tunnel are periodic, with maximum fluctuations observed in December 2022. The study reveals inconsistent surface settlement of the tunnel arch and mountain above it, causing minor vertical stress changes. As the tunnel construction progresses, vertical stress variation shows periodicity because of an initial imbalance in internal stress within the mountain. Stress fluctuations near the tunnel entrance occur during the initial excavation phase, gradually diminishing as the project progresses and internal stress stabilizes.

Discussion: The proposed tunnel monitoring and stability assessment method can reduce its impact on engineering construction and provide guidance for advanced geological prediction.
A nomogram based on inflammation and nutritional biomarkers for predicting the survival of breast cancer patients
Authors: Wei Caibiao , Ai Huaying , Mo Dan , Wang Peidong , Wei Liling , Liu Zhimin , Li Peizhang , Huang Taijun , Liu Miaofeng
Published: August 2024

Background

We aim to develop a new prognostic model that incorporates inflammation, nutritional parameters and clinical-pathological features to predict overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) of breast cancer (BC) patients.

Methods

The study included clinicopathological and follow-up data from a total of 2857 BC patients between 2013 and 2021. Data were randomly divided into two cohorts: training (n=2001) and validation (n=856) cohorts. A nomogram was established based on the results of a multivariate Cox regression analysis from the training cohorts. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were evaluated by the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve. Furthermore, decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess the clinical value of the nomogram.

Results

A nomogram was developed for BC, incorporating lymphocyte, platelet count, hemoglobin levels, albumin-to-globulin ratio, prealbumin level and other key variables: subtype and TNM staging. In the prediction of OS and DFS, the concordance index (C-index) of the nomogram is statistically greater than the C-index values obtained using TNM staging alone. Moreover, the time-dependent AUC, exceeding the threshold of 0.7, demonstrated the nomogram’s satisfactory discriminative performance over different periods. DCA revealed that the nomogram offered a greater overall net benefit than the TNM staging system.

Conclusion

The nomogram incorporating inflammation, nutritional and clinicopathological variables exhibited excellent discrimination. This nomogram is a promising instrument for predicting outcomes and defining personalized treatment strategies for patients with BC.
Overlaps between industrial informatics and control, data acquisition and management in Big Science
Authors: Manduchi Gabriele
Published: August 2024

Big Science applications require very large infrastructures and often involve different countries in order to achieve important scientific results or to find solutions to the major problems of mankind, such as finding a clean and endless source of energy. Big Science applications represent not only a scientific challenge, but also large engineering applications involving a wide range of technologies shared with other industrial applications. As a consequence there is a significant overlap in technologies and approaches between Big Science and Industry. In this paper, the overlap between Big Science and industrial applications will be presented in more detail under the control perspective, that is, by highlighting the common aspects between industrial informatics and the control, data acquisition and data management in large scientific applications.
Association of immune evasion in myeloid sarcomas with disease manifestation and patients’ survival
Authors: Bauer Marcus , Monecke Astrid , Hackl Hubert , Wilfer Andreas , Jaekel Nadja , Bläker Hendrik , Al-Ali Haifa Kathrin , Seliger Barbara , Wickenhauser Claudia
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Myeloid sarcomas (MS) comprise rare extramedullary manifestations of myeloid neoplasms with poor patients’ outcome. While the clinical relevance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is well established in many malignancies, there exists limited information in MS.

Methods

The expression of the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) antigens, HLA-I antigen processing and presenting machinery (APM) components and the composition of the TME of 45 MS and paired bone marrow (BM) samples from two independent cohorts were assessed by immunohistochemistry, multispectral imaging, and RNA sequencing (RNAseq).

Results

A significant downregulation of the HLA-I heavy chain (HC; 67.5%) and ß2-microglobulin (ß2M; 64.8%), but an upregulation of HLA-G was found in MS compared to BM samples, which was confirmed in a publicly available dataset. Moreover, MS tumors showed a predominantly immune cell excluded TME with decreased numbers of tissue infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (9.5%) compared to paired BM (22.9%). RNAseq analysis of a subset of 10 MS patients with preserved and reduced HLA-I HC expression revealed 150 differentially expressed genes and a significantly reduced expression of inflammatory response genes was found in samples with preserved HLA-I expression. Furthermore, low HLA-I expression and low TIL numbers in the TME of MS cases were linked to an inferior patients’ outcome.

Discussion

This study demonstrated a high prevalence of immune escape strategies in the pathogenesis and extramedullary spread of MS, which was also found in patients without evidence of any BM pathology, which yields the rational for the development of novel individually tailored therapies for MS patients.
Establishment of a chemokine-based prognostic model and identification of CXCL10+ M1 macrophages as predictors of neoadjuvant therapy efficacy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Tuersun Abudumaimaitijiang , Huo Jianting , Lv Zeping , Zhang Yuchen , Chen Fangqian , Zhao Jingkun , Feng Wenqing , Xu Zhuoqing , Mao Zhihai , Xue Pei , Lu Aiguo
Published: August 2024

Background

Although neoadjuvant therapy has brought numerous benefits to patients, not all patients can benefit from it. Chemokines play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment and are closely associated with the prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Therefore, constructing a prognostic model based on chemokines will help risk stratification and providing a reference for the personalized treatment.

Methods

Employing LASSO-Cox predictive modeling, a chemokine-based prognostic model was formulated, harnessing the data from TCGA and GEO databases. Then, our exploration focused on the correlation between the chemokine signature and elements such as the immune landscape, somatic mutations, copy number variations, and drug sensitivity. CXCL10+M1 macrophages identified via scRNA-seq. Monocle2 showed cell pseudotime trajectories, CellChat characterized intercellular communication. CytoTRACE analyzed neoadjuvant therapy stemness, SCENIC detected cell type-specific regulation. Lastly, validation was performed through multiplex immunofluorescence experiments.

Results

A model based on 15 chemokines was constructed and validated. High-risk scores correlated with poorer prognosis and advanced TNM and clinical stages. Individuals presenting elevated risk scores demonstrated an increased propensity towards the development of chemotherapy resistance. Subsequent scRNA-seq data analysis indicated that patients with higher presence of CXCL10+ M1 macrophages in tumor tissues are more likely to benefit from neoadjuvant therapy.

Conclusion

We developed a chemokine-based prognostic model by integrating both single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data. Furthermore, we revealed epithelial cell heterogeneity in neoadjuvant outcomes and identified CXCL10+ M1 macrophages as potential therapy response predictors. These findings could significantly contribute to risk stratification and serve as a key guide for the advancement of personalized therapeutic approaches.
Viral escape mutations do not account for non-protection from SIVmac239 challenge in RhCMV/SIV vaccinated rhesus macaques
Authors: Bimber Benjamin N. , Sunshine Justine , McElfresh G. W. , Reed Jason S. , Pathak Reese , Bateman Katherine B. , Hughes Colette M. , Gilbride Roxanne M. , Ford Julia C. , Morrow David , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Sacha Jonah B. , Hansen Scott G. , Picker Louis J.
Published: August 2024

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines based upon 68-1 Rhesus Cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) vectors show remarkable protection against pathogenic SIVmac239 challenge. Across multiple independent rhesus macaque (RM) challenge studies, nearly 60% of vaccinated RM show early, complete arrest of SIVmac239 replication after effective challenge, whereas the remainder show progressive infection similar to controls. Here, we performed viral sequencing to determine whether the failure to control viral replication in non-protected RMs is associated with the acquisition of viral escape mutations. While low level viral mutations accumulated in all animals by 28 days-post-challenge, which is after the establishment of viral control in protected animals, the dominant circulating virus in virtually all unprotected RMs was nearly identical to the challenge stock, and there was no difference in mutation patterns between this cohort and unvaccinated controls. These data definitively demonstrate that viral mutation does not explain lack of viral control in RMs not protected by RhCMV/SIV vaccination. We further demonstrate that during chronic infection RhCMV/SIV vaccinated RMs do not acquire escape mutation in epitopes targeted by RhCMV/SIV, but instead display mutation in canonical MHC-Ia epitopes similar to unvaccinated RMs. This suggests that after the initial failure of viral control, unconventional T cell responses induced by 68-1 RhCMV/SIV vaccination do not exert strong selective pressure on systemically replicating SIV.
Clinical and molecular insights into cardiovascular disease in psoriatic patients and the potential protective role of apremilast
Authors: Barbarroja Nuria , López-Medina Clementina , Escudero-Contreras Alejandro , Arias-de la Rosa Iván
Published: August 2024

Psoriatic disease, encompassing both psoriasis (Pso) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), is closely intertwined with a significantly elevated risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. This connection is further compounded by a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, and dysregulated lipid profiles. These comorbidities exceed the rates seen in the general population and compound the potential for increased mortality among those living with this condition. Recognizing the heightened cardiometabolic risk inherent in psoriatic disease necessitates a fundamental shift in the treatment paradigm. It is no longer sufficient to focus solely on mitigating inflammation. Instead, there is an urgent need to address and effectively manage the metabolic parameters that have a substantial impact on cardiovascular health. Within this context, apremilast emerges as a pivotal treatment option for psoriatic disease. What sets apremilast apart is its dual-action potential, addressing not only inflammation but also the critical metabolic parameters. This comprehensive treatment approach opens up new opportunities to improve the well-being of people living with psoriatic disease. This review delves into the multifaceted aspects involved in the development of cardiovascular disease and its intricate association with psoriatic disease. We then provide an in-depth exploration of the pleiotropic effects of apremilast, highlighting its potential to simultaneously mitigate metabolic complications and inflammation in individuals affected by these conditions.
Metabolic profiling of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model: implications for pathogenesis and biomarker discovery
Authors: Zhang Yu-zhu , Jia Xiu-juan , Xu Wen-juan , Ding Xiao-qian , Wang Xiao-meng , Chi Xiao-sa , Hu Yi , Yang Xiao-hui
Published: August 2024

Background

Alterations in metabolites and metabolic pathways are thought to be important triggers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but our lack of a comprehensive understanding of this process has hampered the development of IPF-targeted drugs.

Methods

To fully understand the metabolic profile of IPF, C57BL/6 J male mice were injected intratracheally with bleomycin so that it could be used to construct a mouse model of IPF, and lung tissues from 28-day and control IPF mice were analyzed by pathology and immunohistochemistry. In addition, serum metabolites from IPF mice were examined using LC-ESI-MS/MS, and the differential metabolites were analyzed for KEGG metabolic pathways and screened for biomarkers using machine learning algorithms.

Results

In total, the levels of 1465 metabolites were detected, of which 104 metabolites were significantly altered after IPF formation. In IPF mouse serum, 52% of metabolite expression was downregulated, with lipids (e.g., GP, FA) and organic acids and their derivatives together accounting for more than 70% of the downregulated differentially expressed metabolites. In contrast, FA and oxidised lipids together accounted for 60% of the up-regulated differentially expressed metabolites. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, pentose phosphate pathway, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Seven metabolites were screened by machine learning LASSO models and evaluated as ideal diagnostic tools by receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs).

Discussion

In conclusion, the serum metabolic disorders found to be associated with pulmonary fibrosis formation will help to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
Fertility after photodynamic inactivation of bacteria in extended boar semen
Authors: Luther Anne-Marie , Varzandeh Mohammad , Beckermann Christina , Feyer Leon , Maaßen Isabel Katharina , Oldenhof Harriёtte , Hackbarth Steffen , Waberski Dagmar
Published: August 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing challenge in semen preservation of breeding animals, especially in the porcine species. Bacteria are a natural component of semen, and their growth should be inhibited to protect sperm fertilizing capacity and the female’s health. In pig breeding, where semen is routinely stored at 17°C in the liquid state, alternatives to conventional antibiotics are urgently needed. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of bacteria is a well-established tool in medicine and the food industry but this technology has not been widely adopted in semen preservation. The specific challenge in this setting is to selectively inactivate bacteria while maintaining sperm integrity and functionality. The aim of this study was to test the principle of PDI in liquid stored boar semen using the photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TMPyP) and a white light LED-setup. In the first step, photophysical experiments comprising singlet oxygen phosphorescence kinetics of TMPyP and determination of the photosensitizer triplet time revealed a sufficiently high production of reactive singlet oxygen in the Androstar Premium semen extender, whereas seminal plasma acted as strong quencher. In vitro experiments with extended boar semen showed that the established PDI protocol preserves sperm motility, membrane integrity, DNA integrity, and mitochondrial activity while efficiently reducing the bacteria below the detection limit. A proof-of-concept insemination study confirmed the in vivo fertility of semen after photodynamic treatment. In conclusion, using the PDI approach, an innovative tool was established that efficiently controls bacteria growth in extended boar and maintains sperm fertility. This could be a promising contribution to the One Health concept with the potential to reduce antimicrobial resistance in animal husbandry.
Mechanisms of mitophagy and oxidative stress in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lyu Yujie , Meng Zhipeng , Hu Yunyun , Jiang Bing , Yang Jiao , Chen Yiqin , Zhou Jun , Li Mingcheng , Wang Huping
Published: August 2024

Neurological diseases have consistently represented a significant challenge in both clinical treatment and scientific research. As research has progressed, the significance of mitochondria in the pathogenesis and progression of neurological diseases has become increasingly prominent. Mitochondria serve not only as a source of energy, but also as regulators of cellular growth and death. Both oxidative stress and mitophagy are intimately associated with mitochondria, and there is mounting evidence that mitophagy and oxidative stress exert a pivotal regulatory influence on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. In recent years, there has been a notable rise in the prevalence of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI), vascular dementia (VaD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which collectively represent a significant public health concern. Reduced levels of mitophagy have been observed in CI/RI, VaD and AD. The improvement of associated pathology has been demonstrated through the increase of mitophagy levels. CI/RI results in cerebral tissue ischemia and hypoxia, which causes oxidative stress, disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and damage to the cerebral vasculature. The BBB disruption and cerebral vascular injury may induce or exacerbate VaD to some extent. In addition, inadequate cerebral perfusion due to vascular injury or altered function may exacerbate the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) thereby contributing to or exacerbating AD pathology. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA; alteplase) and endovascular thrombectomy are effective treatments for stroke. However, there is a narrow window of opportunity for the administration of tPA and thrombectomy, which results in a markedly elevated incidence of disability among patients with CI/RI. It is regrettable that there are currently no there are still no specific drugs for VaD and AD. Despite the availability of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved clinical first-line drugs for AD, including memantine, donepezil hydrochloride, and galantamine, these agents do not fundamentally block the pathological process of AD. In this paper, we undertake a review of the mechanisms of mitophagy and oxidative stress in neurological disorders, a summary of the clinical trials conducted in recent years, and a proposal for a new strategy for targeted treatment of neurological disorders based on both mitophagy and oxidative stress.
Human apolipoprotein E glycosylation and sialylation: from structure to function
Authors: Moon Hee-Jung , Luo Yan , Chugh Diksha , Zhao Liqin
Published: August 2024

Human apolipoprotein E (ApoE) was first identified as a polymorphic gene in the 1970s; however, the genetic association of ApoE genotypes with late-onset sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD) was only discovered 20 years later. Since then, intensive research has been undertaken to understand the molecular effects of ApoE in the development of sAD. Despite three decades’ worth of effort and over 10,000 papers published, the greatest mystery in the ApoE field remains: human ApoE isoforms differ by only one or two amino acid residues; what is responsible for their significantly distinct roles in the etiology of sAD, with ApoE4 conferring the greatest genetic risk for sAD whereas ApoE2 providing exceptional neuroprotection against sAD. Emerging research starts to point to a novel and compelling hypothesis that the sialoglycans posttranslationally appended to human ApoE may serve as a critical structural modifier that alters the biology of ApoE, leading to the opposing impacts of ApoE isoforms on sAD and likely in the peripheral systems as well. ApoE has been shown to be posttranslationally glycosylated in a species-, tissue-, and cell-specific manner. Human ApoE, particularly in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is highly glycosylated, and the glycan chains are exclusively attached via anO-linkage to serine or threonine residues. Moreover, studies have indicated that human ApoE glycans undergo sialic acid modification or sialylation, a structural alteration found to be more prominent in ApoE derived from the brain and CSF than plasma. However, whether the sialylation modification of human ApoE has a biological role is largely unexplored. Our group recently first reported that the three major isoforms of human ApoE in the brain undergo varying degrees of sialylation, with ApoE2 exhibiting the most abundant sialic acid modification, whereas ApoE4 is the least sialylated. Our findings further indicate that the sialic acid moiety on human ApoE glycans may serve as a critical modulator of the interaction of ApoE with amyloid β (Aβ) and downstream Aβ pathogenesis, a prominent pathologic feature in AD. In this review, we seek to provide a comprehensive summary of this exciting and rapidly evolving area of ApoE research, including the current state of knowledge and opportunities for future exploration.
Time to recovery from moderate acute malnutrition and its predictors among children aged 6–59 months in Fedis Woreda, East Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Melaku Berhanu , Gebremichael Berhe , Negash Belay , Kitessa Monas , Kassa Obsan , Dereje Jerman , Kefelegn Reta , Firdisa Dawit
Published: August 2024

Background

Acute malnutrition is a major global public health problem, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. A targeted supplementary feeding program is an approach recommended to address moderate acute malnutrition in food-insecure settings. Preventing and treating moderate acute malnutrition requires identifying factors shown to affect the treatment outcome and duration of stay on treatment. This study aimed to determine the time to recovery from moderate acute malnutrition and its predictors among children aged 6–59 months in Fedis Woreda East Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia, from January 1 to December 31, 2022.

Methods

A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted on 567 children with moderate acute malnutrition in Fedis Woreda, East Hararghe Zone, eastern Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed, and data was collected using a structured checklist. Data were extracted from randomly selected records after obtaining ethical clearance. Data were cleaned, coded, entered into EpiData 4.6, and analyzed using STATA/SE version 14. Descriptive statistics and analytic analysis schemes, including bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, were conducted, and finally, statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05.

Results

The overall median time to recovery was 16 weeks. The major predicting factors for time to recovery among children aged 6–59 months were admission with a mid-upper arm circumference of 12.1–12.4 centimeters (AHR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.19), access to transportation to facilities (AHR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.36–0.81), children using specialized nutritious foods (RUSF; AHR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.36–3.11), and children who had diarrhea (AHR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.31–0.71).

Conclusion

The study found a median recovery time of 16 weeks for children with targeted supplementary feeding. Significant predictors included admission with a MUAC of 12.1–12.4 centimeters, transportation access, RUSF use, and the presence of diarrhea. These findings highlighted the importance of these factors in determining and improving recovery from moderate-acute malnutrition.
Simulation model to assess the validity of the clinical portfolio diet score used in the PortfolioDiet.app for dietary self-tracking: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in hyperlipidemic adults
Authors: Kavanagh Meaghan E. , Glenn Andrea J. , Chiavaroli Laura , Morgan Gloria A. , Josse Robert G. , Malik Vasanti S. , Marinangeli Christopher P. F. , Kendall Cyril W. C. , Jenkins David J. A. , Sievenpiper John L.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The Portfolio Diet combines cholesterol-lowering plant foods for the management of cardiovascular disease risk. However, the translation of this dietary approach into clinical practice necessitates a user-friendly method for patients to autonomously monitor their adherence.

Objective

This study aimed to develop and validate the clinical-Portfolio Diet Score (c-PDS) as a food-based metric to facilitate self-tracking of the Portfolio Diet.

Methods

Using a simulation model to estimate the c-PDS, the validity was assessed in a secondary analysis of a completed trial of the Portfolio Diet in 98 participants with hyperlipidemia over 6 months. Concurrent and predictive validity of the estimated c-PDS were assessed against the reference measure (weighed 7-day diet records) and concomitant changes in LDL-C from baseline to 6 months. Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the limits of agreement between the two methods.

Results

The c-PDS was positively correlated with dietary adherence as measured using the 7-day diet records (r = 0.94, p < 0.001). The c-PDS was negatively correlated with change in LDL-C (r = −0.43, p < 0.001) with a 1-point increase in the c-PDS being associated with a − 0.04 mmol/L (CI:−0.06,−0.03; p < 0.001) or a 1.09% reduction in LDL-C. Visual evaluation of the Bland–Altman plots showed reasonable agreement.

Conclusion

These findings indicate good validity of the c-PDS for primary prevention in adults with hyperlipidemia. The predictive validity findings have informed the goals and messaging within the PortfolioDiet.app, a digital health application for delivering the Portfolio Diet. Future research will assess the effectiveness of the intended combination of the c-PDS and the PortfolioDiet.app in supporting behavior change.
The association of different types of human milk with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Authors: Pütz Elisabeth , Ascherl Rudolf , Wendt Thomas , Thome Ulrich H. , Gebauer Corinna , Genuneit Jon , Siziba Linda P.
Published: August 2024

Objective

To evaluate the association between different types of human milk feeds and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants.

Methods

Data on dispensed mother’s own milk (MOM) and donor human milk (DHM) from Leipzig Milk Bank for hospitalized infants with a gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks observed from birth to 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age or prior discharge were used. BPD was assessed based on documented International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) diagnosis and on electronic hospital records (EHR) of data on ventilation and oxygen supplementation. Associations of dispensed milk feed variations with BPD were investigated using logistic regressions in crude and adjusted models.

Results

866 infants were included with a BPD prevalence of 15.4% (EHR) and 23.2% (ICD). The mean GA was 29.1 weeks. The majority (84.4%, n = 746) of infants were nurtured with a mix of MOM, DHM supplemented by formula or parenteral (other) nutrition during hospitalization. For which, MOM comprised the highest median [Q1–Q3] percentage proportion (53[31–81] %) of this mix. Exclusive fresh milk and exclusive MOM feeds were dispensed on a mean of 40 and 34% patient-days, respectively. Statistically significant associations with lower BPD incidence were only observed for 70–80% MOM vs. DHM, and 60% fresh vs. frozen milk, in crude and adjusted models.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest a protective association of MOM and fresh milk with lower odds of BPD, which may be dependent on the proportion of MOM or fresh milk administered. These results highlight the importance of MOM as an ideal source of nutrition during early infancy.
Associations of multiple carotenoid co-exposure with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in US adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: He Qinglin , Yuan Chunling , Liu Zhihui , Wei Xiaoxia
Published: August 2024

Background

Epidemiological evidence regarding circulating carotenoids and mortality risk remains conflicting, and most studies focus on the impact of individual carotenoids. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of co-exposure to multiple serum carotenoids on mortality risk.

Methods

We enrolled 22,472 participants aged ≥20 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988–1994) and NHANES 2003–2006. Baseline serum levels of five major carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin) were measured, and individuals were followed up until December 31, 2019. Carotenoid co-exposure patterns were identified using the K-means method. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the associations between carotenoid exposure and mortality risk.

Results

During a median follow-up of 16.7 years, 7,901 deaths occurred. K-means clustered participants into low-level, low-lycopene, high-lycopene, and high-level exposure groups. In the fully adjusted model, low-lycopene, high-lycopene, and high-level exposure groups had significantly lower all-cause mortality risks compared to the low-level exposure group, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 0.79 (0.72, 0.87), 0.75 (0.67, 0.84), and 0.67 (0.61, 0.74), respectively. For cardiovascular disease mortality, the high-lycopene exposure group had a 27% reduced risk (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.61–0.86), and the high-level exposure group had a 21% reduced risk (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67–0.93). For cancer mortality, the high-lycopene and high-level exposure groups had 30% and 35% lower risks, with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.70 (0.57, 0.86) and 0.65 (0.54, 0.79), respectively.

Conclusion

This study revealed that co-exposure to multiple serum carotenoids was associated with reduced mortality risk, highlighting the potential health benefits of increased carotenoid intake. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of interactions among different carotenoids.
Obesity and periodontitis: a comprehensive review of their interconnected pathophysiology and clinical implications
Authors: Reytor-González Claudia , Parise-Vasco Juan Marcos , González Natali , Simancas-Racines Alison , Zambrano-Villacres Raynier , Zambrano Ana Karina , Simancas-Racines Daniel
Published: August 2024

Obesity and periodontitis are significant health problems with a complex bidirectional relationship. Excess body fat is linked to systemic diseases and can lead to persistent inflammation, potentially harming periodontal health. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth, poses substantial health risks. Both conditions share pathological processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress, which aggravate health status and make treatment more challenging. Understanding this interaction is crucial for developing effective management strategies for both diseases. This study explores the multifaceted aspects of obesity and periodontitis and their reciprocal relationship.