bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diamine‐Assistant Synthesis of Cu@MFI Catalysts for Ethanol Dehydrogenation
Authors: Guo Jin , Pang Jifeng , Yin Ming , Feng Lele , Liu Shimin , Wu Pengfei , Zheng Mingyuan
Published: March 2024

Encapsulation of metal particles into zeolites is an attractive strategy for stabilizing metal species. Nevertheless, most metal cations tend to precipitate under basic and hydrothermal conditions without the use of effective anchoring agents. Herein, low‐cost diamines of ethylenediamine and propanediamine were selected as effective chelators, which stabilized the Cu species under basic conditions and then anchored them into the framework of MFI (silicate‐1) during the hydrothermal process. The obtained Cu@MFI−R catalyst showed >96 % ethanol conversion and 98 % acetaldehyde selectivity in the 300 h time on stream, demonstrating superior advantages over the impregnation method prepared Cu/MFI catalysts. Characterization of Cu@MFI−R catalysts revealed that Cu nanoparticles were fixed in the framework of MFI, producing abundant Cu+ species for ethanol conversion. Additionally, the spatial confinement effects inhibited Cu+ reduction and aggregations, affording a high catalyst stability. Differently, over Cu/MFI catalysts, the unconfined Cu+ species were prone to be reduced into Cu0 during the reaction, resulting in the Cu particles aggregation and activity depression.
Structure‐Property Relationships for Potential Inversion From Electron Acceptors Based on Thiophene‐Fused Triptycene Quinones, 1,4‐Diketones and Their Malononitrile Adducts
Authors: Warrington Stefan , Montanaro Stephanie , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Nichol Gary S. , Wright Iain A.
Published: March 2024

The synthesis and properties of a series of 11,11,12,12‐tetracyano‐9,10‐anthraquinodimethane (TCAQ) inspired electron acceptors based on thiophene‐fused quinone and triptycene motifs is presented. This has yielded insights into structure‐property relationships for establishing and modulating simultaneous two‐electron reduction processes in TCAQ analogues. These new compounds were synthesised using a Friedel‐Crafts acylation between triptycene and thiophene‐3,4‐dicarbonyl chloride. Isomeric para‐quinones featuring a [c]‐fused thiophene on one side and a β,β‐ or α,β‐fused triptycene on the other were isolated alongside a thiophene‐3,4‐diketone which bears two triptycene fragments. Knoevenagel condensation of these products with malononitrile produced a quinoidal bis(dicyanomethylene), an oxo‐dicyanomethylene and an acyclic bis(dicyanomethylene). This series of new electron accepting molecules has been studied using X‐ray crystallography and the implications of their 3D structures on NMR and UV/vis absorbance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry results have been ascertained with conclusions underpinned by computational methods.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Michael Adducts of the Sesquiterpene Lactone Arglabin
Authors: Salin Alexey V. , Shabanov Andrey A. , Khayarov Khasan R. , Islamov Daut R. , Voloshina Alexandra D. , Amerhanova Syumbelya K. , Lyubina Anna P.
Published: March 2024

A general method for chemo‐ and diastereoselective modification of anticancer natural product arglabin with nitrogen‐ and carbon‐centered pronucleophiles under the influence of nucleophilic phosphine catalysts was developed. The locked s‐cis‐geometry of α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone moiety of arglabin favors for the additional stabilization of the zwitterionic intermediate by electrostatic interaction between phosphonium and enolate oxygen centers, leading to the unprecedentedly high efficiency of the phosphine‐catalyzed Michael additions to this sesquiterpene lactone. Using n‐Bu3P as the catalyst, pyrazole, phthalimide, 2‐oxazolidinone, 4‐quinazolinone, uracil, thymine, cytosine, and adenine adducts of arglabin were obtained. The n‐Bu3P‐catalyzed reaction of arglabin with active methylene compounds resulted in the predominant formation of bisadducts bearing a new quaternary carbon center. All synthesized Michael adducts and previously obtained phosphorylated arglabin derivatives were evaluated in vitro against eleven cancer and two normal cell lines, and the results were compared to those of natural arglabin and its dimethylamino hydrochloride salt currently used as anticancer drugs. 2‐Oxazolidinone, uracil, diethyl malonate, dibenzyl phosphonate, and diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate derivatives of arglabin exhibited more potent antiproliferative activity towards several cancer cell lines and lower cytotoxicity towards normal cell lines in comparison to the reference compounds, indicating the feasibility of the developed methodology for the design of novel anticancer drugs with better therapeutic potential.
On the Statistical Regime, Coherence versus Incoherence and Ergodicity of Quantum Vibrational Trajectories in Soft Condensed Molecular Systems
Authors: Amadei Andrea , Aschi Massimiliano
Published: March 2024

A theoretical‐computational procedure, recently proposed for modelling Vibrational Energy Relaxation (VER) processes of a molecule (Quantum Center, QC) embedded in a complex atomic‐molecular system, is extended and applied for analyzing in detail the features of the QC density matrix (DM) temporal evolution. The results, obtained using aqueous azide ion as a case study, show the total lack of coherence in the DM, when the system is prepared to be initially in a pure vibrational eigenstate. This finding is fully in line with the statistical interpretation of the process typically adopted also in the experimental studies where the relaxation processes are all described within the typical schemes of chemical kinetics. Consistently, when the initial vibrational state corresponds to an eigenstate mixture, although initially coherent, the DM relaxes to a fully incoherent condition with a mean lifetime related to the one of the diagonal elements relaxation. These specific DM features turn out to be essentially governed by the thermal equilibrium condition of the atomic‐molecular classical coordinates which drive the ensemble of the quantum‐trajectories toward the observed statistical regime. Finally, from the analysis of a single long timescale quantum vibrational trajectory it also clearly emerges its ergodic behaviour.
Codelivery of Gaseous Signaling Molecules for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sheng Jiahui , Luo Siyuan , Zheng Bin , He Kewu , Hu Jinming
Published: March 2024

Gaseous signaling molecules (GSMs) including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have presented excellent therapeutic efficacy such as anti‐inflammatory, anti‐microbial and anti‐cancer effects and multiple biomedical applications in recent years. As the three most vital signaling molecules in human physiology, these three GSMs show so intertwined and orchestrated interactions that the synergy of multiple gases may demonstrate a more complex therapeutic potential than single gas delivery. Consequently, researchers have been devoted to developing codelivery systems of GSMs by synthesizing a single molecule as a dual donor to maximize the gaseous therapeutic efficacy. In this minireview, we summarize the recent developments of molecules or materials enabling codelivery of GSMs for biomedical applications. It appears that compared with the abundant cases of codelivery of NO and H2S, research on codelivery of CO and the other two GSMs separately remains to be explored.
Novel statistical method for data drift detection in satellite telemetry
Authors: Praveen M. V. Ramachandra , kuchhal Piyush , Choudhury Sushabhan
Published: March 2024

Autonomy is becoming a prime requirement for satellite mission control operations. Data‐driven methods like Machine Learning models are playing a key role in bringing in autonomy. Health keeping data from satellite telemetry is a key ingredient in these data‐driven methods. In real‐world satellite operations, the health‐keeping telemetry data gradually drifts due to adverse space weather effects and wear and tear of electronic and mechanical components. The key question that arises is how to detect and quantify the data drift which is generally a gradual phenomenon. This paper discusses a novel statistical method for detecting data drift occurring in satellite telemetry. For the purpose of experimental work in this paper, an actual telemetry data set of the BUS CURRENT sensor which is part of the Electrical Power System of a Low Earth Orbit Satellite was considered. Data drift detection test was carried out using this sensor data using the developed novel statistical method and with Kolmogorov Smirnov test which is a probabilistic method. Both results are analysed and compared. Thereafter novel statical method was used to check its efficacy using a synthetic data set with induced drift.
New palaeocurrent analysis approach from two‐dimensional trough cross‐strata using photographs and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility
Authors: Maars Jasper , van Dijk Gijs , Dekkers Mark J. , Hernández‐Molina F. Javier , Andreetto Federico , Rodríguez‐Tovar Francisco J. , Krijgsman Wout
Published: March 2024

Palaeocurrent analysis is vital for basin analysis and helps in the interpretation of depositional environments (along‐slope or downslope). For that, it is crucial to have multiple measuring methods at hand to apply palaeocurrent analysis with a wide range of different datasets (outcrops, cores and photographs). Here, two relatively underexploited palaeocurrent measurement techniques are assessed when applied to trough cross‐stratification observed in the Arenazzolo Formation at Eraclea Minoa (Sicily). The first technique is a novel design of a qualitative approach to infer palaeocurrent directions from photographs of two‐dimensional sedimentary structures. The second technique involves measurements of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility from drilled samples. A broad agreement, with overlapping uncertainty boundaries, is observed between results from both techniques. This agreement validates the use of trough cross‐strata to infer palaeocurrent directions. Moreover, the addition of photographs improves reproducibility and prevents a bias towards the best‐exposed troughs. The application of both techniques to outcrops and sedimentary cores provides new opportunities for palaeocurrent analysis in any type of sedimentary environment.
Deciphering adipose development: Function, differentiation and regulation
Authors: Guo Ge , Wang Wanli , Tu Mengjie , Zhao Binbin , Han Jiayang , Li Jiali , Pan Yanbing , Zhou Jie , Ma Wen , Liu Yi , Sun Tiantian , Han Xu , An Yang
Published: March 2024

The overdevelopment of adipose tissues, accompanied by excess lipid accumulation and energy storage, leads to adipose deposition and obesity. With the increasing incidence of obesity in recent years, obesity is becoming a major risk factor for human health, causing various relevant diseases (including hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis and cancers). Therefore, it is of significance to antagonize obesity to reduce the risk of obesity‐related diseases. Excess lipid accumulation in adipose tissues is mediated by adipocyte hypertrophy (expansion of pre‐existing adipocytes) or hyperplasia (increase of newly‐formed adipocytes). It is necessary to prevent excessive accumulation of adipose tissues by controlling adipose development. Adipogenesis is exquisitely regulated by many factors in vivo and in vitro, including hormones, cytokines, gender and dietary components. The present review has concluded a comprehensive understanding of adipose development including its origin, classification, distribution, function, differentiation and molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis, which may provide potential therapeutic strategies for harnessing obesity without impairing adipose tissue function.
Physician perceptions, attitudes, and strategies towards implementing guideline‐directed medical therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. A survey of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC and the ESC Council for Cardiology Practice
Authors: Savarese Gianluigi , Lindberg Felix , Christodorescu Ruxandra M. , Ferrini Marc , Kumler Thomas , Toutoutzas Konstantinos , Dattilo Giuseppe , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Moura Brenda , Amir Offer , Petrie Mark C. , Seferovic Petar , Chioncel Ovidiu , Metra Marco , Coats Andrew J.S. , Rosano Giuseppe M.C.
Published: March 2024

Aims

Recent guidelines recommend four core drug classes (renin–angiotensin system inhibitor/angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor [RASi/ARNi], beta‐blocker, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist [MRA], and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor [SGLT2i]) for the pharmacological management of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We assessed physicians' perceived (i) comfort with implementing the recent HFrEF guideline recommendations; (ii) status of guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) implementation; (iii) use of different GDMT sequencing strategies; and (iv) barriers and strategies for achieving implementation.

Methods and results

A 26‐question survey was disseminated via bulletin, e‐mail and social channels directed to physicians with an interest in HF. Of 432 respondents representing 91 countries, 36% were female, 52% were aged <50 years, and 90% mainly practiced in cardiology (30% HF). Overall comfort with implementing quadruple therapy was high (87%). Only 12% estimated that >90% of patients with HFrEF without contraindications received quadruple therapy. The time required to initiate quadruple therapy was estimated at 1–2 weeks by 34% of respondents, 1 month by 36%, 3 months by 24%, and ≥6 months by 6%. The average respondent favoured traditional drug sequencing strategies (RASi/ARNi with/followed by beta‐blocker, and then MRA with/followed by SGLT2i) over simultaneous initiation or SGLT2i‐first sequences. The most frequently perceived clinical barriers to implementation were hypotension (70%), creatinine increase (47%), hyperkalaemia (45%) and patient adherence (42%).

Conclusions

Although comfort with implementing all four core drug classes in patients with HFrEF was high among physicians, a majority estimated implementation of GDMT in HFrEF to be low. We identified several important perceived clinical and non‐clinical barriers that can be targeted to improve implementation.
Innovative utilization of cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles in precision cancer therapy
Authors: He Yiling , Zhang Shuquan , She Yaoguang , Liu Zhaoshan , Zhu Yalan , Cheng Qinzhen , Ji Xiaoyuan
Published: March 2024

Cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles (CMNPs) have recently emerged as a promising platform for cancer therapy. By encapsulating therapeutic agents within a cell membrane‐derived coating, these nanoparticles combine the advantages of synthetic nanoparticles and natural cell membranes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in utilizing CMNPs as effective drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy. The synthesis and fabrication methods of CMNPs are comprehensively discussed. Various techniques, such as extrusion, sonication, and self‐assembly, are employed to coat synthetic nanoparticles with cell membranes derived from different cell types. The cell membrane coating enables biocompatibility, reducing the risk of an immune response and enhancing the stability of the nanoparticles in the bloodstream. Moreover, functionalization strategies for CMNPs, primarily chemical modification, genetic engineering, and external stimuli, are highlighted. The presence of specific cell surface markers on the coated membrane allows targeted drug delivery to cancer cells and maximizes therapeutic efficacy. Preclinical studies utilizing CMNPs for cancer therapy demonstrated the successful delivery of various therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic drugs, nucleic acids, and immunotherapeutic agents, using CMNPs. Furthermore, the article explores the future directions and challenges of this technology while offering insights into its clinical potential.
Reflection of plane waves in a rotating micropolar double porous thermoelastic medium with temperature dependent properties
Authors: Sheoran Sandeep Singh , Kalkal Kapil Kumar , Chaudhary Shilpa
Published: March 2024

The objective of this empirical investigation is to explore the behavior of different waves reflected in a homogenous isotropic double porous structured micropolar thermoelastic medium with rotation and temperature‐dependent characteristics. Three‐phase‐lag theory of thermoelasticity is adopted to acquire the governing equations of the model. Six coupled plane waves have been found to propagate across the medium at distinct velocities. Derivation for energy and amplitude ratios of reflected waves were carried out by employing appropriate boundary conditions. For different angles of incidence, the outcomes for energy partition were determined numerically and displayed graphically. It is found that amplitude ratios associated with various reflected waves are affected by angular velocity, temperature‐dependent properties, micropolar parameter, and double porosity. Also, it has been discovered that throughout the reflection phenomena there is no dissipation of energy. Furthermore, this study concludes with a summary of the findings and subsequent observations. The current investigation has yielded inferences regarding specific cases that are of particular interest.
Experimental and numerical studies of the effect of perforation configuration on heat transfer enhancement of pin fins heat sink
Authors: Alpha Ndah Abdulrahman , Aondover Iortyer Humphrey , Kuhe Aondoyila
Published: March 2024

In this study, experimental and computational studies of the impact of forced convective flow on the heat transfer characteristics of staggered pin fins with perforations are investigated in a rectangular channel at constant heat flux with Reynolds numbers (Re) of 2 × 103–12 × 103. In particular, cylindrical pin fins with circular longitudinal (L) perforation, longitudinal/transverse (LT) perforation, and longitudinal/transverse/vertical (LTV) perforation perforations are compared to solid pin fins to find out how adding different perforation arrays affects overall heat transfer performance and also to find the best perforation configuration for maximum performance. ANSYS‐FLUENT is employed for numerical simulation, validated by experimental data. Experimental validation is conducted by attaching the heat sink to a Peltier module, inducing heat generation through current on one face in the Armfield Free and Forced Convection Heat Transfer Service Units HT 19 and HT10XC. Results highlight significant increases in Nusselt number (Nu) for perforated pins compared to solid pins, with L perforations at 8%, LT perforations at 33%, and 67% for LTV perforated pins due to transverse perforations that act as slots, which stir up the primary flow and induce secondary flow generated by vertical perforations. Regarding pressure drops, L perforations reduce by 9%, LT by 19%, and LTV by 27% compared to solid pins. The overall enhancement ratio peaks at the minimum Reynold number, notably achieving a 38% increase in the LTV perforation pin fin array. This innovative study holds promise for diverse electronic applications, offering enhanced heat transfer performance in electronic cooling systems.
Investigating the association between the tissue expression of miRNA‐101, JAK2/STAT3 with TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and IL‐10 cytokines in the ulcerative colitis patients
Authors: Voshagh Qazaleh , Anoshiravani Amir , Karimpour Amin , Goodarzi Golnaz , Tehrani Sadra Samavarchi , Tabatabaei‐Malazy Ozra , Panahi Ghodratollah
Published: March 2024

Background

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease caused by numerous factors, such as immune system dysfunction and genetic factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in UC pathogenesis, particularly via the JAK‐STAT pathway. Our aim was to investigate the association between miRNA‐101 and JAK2‐STAT3 signaling pathway with inflammatory cytokines in UC patients.

Methods

We enrolled 35 UC patients and 35 healthy individuals as the control group, referred to Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Patients were diagnosed based on clinical, laboratory, histological, and colonoscopy criteria. RNA and protein extracted from tissue samples. Real‐time PCR was used to assess the expression levels of miRNA‐101, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and IL‐10 genes, while western blot was employed to measure levels of P‐STAT3, total STAT3, and JAK2 proteins.

Results

Expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 significantly increased, while the expression of IL‐10 significantly decreased in the case group versus controls. Additionally, miRNA‐101 expression was significantly higher in UC patients. A significant correlation between miRNA‐101 and IL‐6 expression was observed, indicating their relationship and possible impact on cell signaling pathways, JAK2‐STAT3. No significant changes were observed in phosphorylated and total STAT3 and JAK2 protein expression.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence of increased miRNA‐101 expression in UC tissue, suggesting a potential correlation between miRNA‐101 and IL‐6 expression and their involvement in the JAK2‐STAT3 pathway. The study confirms alterations in UC patients' pro‐inflammatory cytokines and anti‐inflammatory IL‐10. However, further investigations are needed to understand the exact role of miRNA‐101 in UC pathogenesis fully.
Biopsy‐verified vulvar lichen sclerosus: Incidence trends 1997–2022 and increased risk of vulvar squamous precancer and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Baandrup Louise , Hannibal Charlotte G. , Hertzum‐Larsen Rasmus , Kjær Susanne K.
Published: March 2024

Population‐based data on the epidemiology of vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) are sparse and only few prospective studies have investigated the malignant potential of the disease. We used the nationwide Danish Pathology Registry to first assess the incidence of biopsy‐verified vulvar LS in the period 1997–2022 and second to examine the incidence of vulvar high‐grade squamous precancer and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in women with biopsy‐verified vulvar LS (1978–2019) compared with that expected in the general female population. For the latter aim, we computed standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During our study period, the age‐standardized incidence rate of vulvar LS increased from 5.0 (1997–1998) to 35.7 (2021–2022) per 100,000 person‐years. Compared with the general female population, women with biopsy‐verified vulvar LS had significantly increased rates of vulvar high‐grade squamous precancer (SIR = 8.5; 95% CI: 7.2–10.0) and SCC (SIR = 16.2; 95% CI: 14.2–18.4). The SIRs of vulvar high‐grade squamous precancer and SCC did not vary substantially according to length of follow‐up. This nationwide and population‐based study shows a 7‐fold increase in the incidence of biopsy‐verified vulvar LS since 1997. Data also show that women with biopsy‐verified vulvar LS have 8.5 and 16 times higher than expected incidence of vulvar high‐grade squamous precancer and SCC, respectively. The substantially increased incidence of vulvar high‐grade squamous precancer and SCC following LS is important in relation to the clinical management and follow‐up of LS patients.
Approximations of Symbolic Substitution Systems in One Dimension
Authors: Tenenbaum Lior
Published: March 2024

Periodic approximations of quasicrystals are a powerful tool in analyzing spectra of Schrödinger operators arising from quasicrystals, given the known theory for periodic crystals. Namely, we seek periodic operators whose spectra approximate the spectrum of the limiting operator (of the quasicrystal). This naturally leads to study the convergence of the underlying dynamical systems.

We treat dynamical systems which are based on one‐dimensional substitutions. We first find natural candidates of dynamical subsystems to approximate the substitution dynamical system. Subsequently, we offer a characterization of their convergence and provide estimates for the rate of convergence. We apply the proposed theory to some guiding examples.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension and obstetric and neonatal outcomes: A 1:20 matched study from a population database
Authors: Amikam Uri , Baghlaf Haitham , Badeghiesh Ahmad , Brown Richard , Dahan Michael H.
Published: March 2024

Objective

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a common pathology in reproductive‐aged women, although data regarding pregnancy outcomes are scarce. In the present study, we aimed to compare pregnancy and perinatal outcomes between women who suffered from IIH to those who did not.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample. All pregnant women who delivered or had a maternal death in the US (2004–2014) were included. Women with an ICD‐9 diagnosis of IIH before or during pregnancy were matched to controls without IIH according to age, race, insurance type, and income quartile, in a 1:20 ratio. Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results

Overall, 9 096 788 deliveries were identified. Of these, 1454 women (0.016%) had a diagnosis of IIH (study group) and were compared to 29 080 women without IIH (control group). Women with IIH, compared to those without, were more likely to be obese (body mass index >30 kg/m2) and suffer from pregestational diabetes mellitus and chronic hypertension (P < 0.001, all). After adjusting for confounders, patients in the IIH group, compared to those without, had a higher rate of pregnancy‐induced hypertension (aOR 1.82, 95% CI: 1.57–2.1, P < 0.001), pre‐eclampsia (aOR 1.98, 95% CI: 1.61–2.45, P < 0.001), preterm delivery (aOR 1.88, 95% CI: 1.59–2.23, P < 0.001), CD (aOR 2.41, 95% CI: 2.12–2.73, P < 0.001), wound complications (aOR 3.2, 95% CI: 1.89–5.42, P < 0.001), and congenital anomalies (aOR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.4–3.4, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Women with IIH had a higher incidence of obstetrical complications, including preterm deliveries, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and congenital anomalies.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in prolapse repair: A prospective study on pre‐emptive uterosacral/cervical block
Authors: Barba Marta , Cola Alice , De Vicari Desirèe , Melocchi Tomaso , Gili Mauro Angelo , Frigerio Matteo
Published: March 2024

Objective

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been introduced in gynecology. Postoperative pain management after vaginal procedures remains a relevant issue. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pre‐emptive uterosacral/cervical block (PUCB) for postoperative pain control in patients with uterovaginal prolapse undergoing vaginal hysterectomy and pelvic floor repair. We also evaluated the impact on the length of recovery.

Methods

This was a pilot study analyzing 40 women who underwent pelvic organ prolapse repair through uterosacral ligament suspension. Patients who chose to undergo PUCB were considered as cases, otherwise as controls. After general or spinal anesthesia induction, the treatment group received the PUCB with ropivacaine plus clonidine injections at 2, 4, 8, and 10 o'clock of the cervix. The control group did not receive additional treatment. Pain intensity was measured at rest and after forceful cough at 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively.

Results

We found a significant reduction in pain values at 1 h (rest and forceful cough) and 24 h (forceful cough) in the PUCB group. The incidence of moderate/severe pain was inferior in the PUCB group at 1 h (rest) and 24 h (rest and forceful cough). There were no differences in terms of the use of rescue opioids (0% vs. 5%; P = 0.311) and length of hospital stay (2.5 ± 0.6 vs. 2.3 ± 0.6; P = 0.180).

Conclusions

For the first time, we demonstrated the impact of pre‐emptive uterosacral/cervical block on pain control up to 24 h after surgery. Clonidine as a sensory blockade extender appears promising in enhancing the efficacy of local anesthetics.
The Frederik Meijer Gardens & Sculpture Park
Authors: Becherer Joseph Antenucci
Published: March 2024

Figurative tradition is central to the history and ongoing development of the permanent collection.
Facilitating the emergence of intraverbal tacts by autistic children via joint control
Authors: Aragon Michael A. , Rodriguez Nicole M. , Luczynski Kevin C. , McKeown Ciobha A.
Published: March 2024

Rodriguez et al. (2022) discovered that teaching four component skills was sufficient to facilitate the emergence of intraverbal tacts across four applications with three participants. Our study replicated and evaluated an extension of this procedure that was directed at facilitating intraverbal tacts when a child learns the component skills but continues to fail to produce intraverbal tacts. The extension consisted of procedures to enhance the divergent control exerted by the auditory stimulus (i.e., the question) and the discriminability of joint control. Intraverbal tacts emerged for all three participants after undergoing the extension procedures. These results are discussed in the context of a conceptual analysis of intraverbal tacts and the potential role of joint control.
Zinc‐doped bioactive glass‐functionalized polyetheretherketone to enhance the biological response in bone regeneration
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyu , Luo Han , Li Jingzhi , Yang Zhenyu , Zhuan Xiaoquan , Li Xiaoquan , Chen Yuting , Huo Shicheng , Zhou Xiaozhong
Published: March 2024

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is gaining recognition as a highly promising polymer for orthopedic implants, attributed to its exceptional biocompatibility, ease of processing, and radiation resistance. However, its long‐term in vivo application faces challenges, primarily due to suboptimal osseointegration from postimplantation inflammation and immune reactions. Consequently, biofunctionalization of PEEK implant surfaces emerges as a strategic approach to enhance osseointegration and increase the overall success rates of these implants. In our research, we engineered a multifaceted PEEK implant through the in situ integration of chitosan‐coated zinc‐doped bioactive glass nanoparticles (Zn‐BGNs). This novel fabrication imbues the implant with immunomodulatory capabilities while bolstering its osseointegration potential. The biofunctionalized PEEK composite elicited several advantageous responses; it facilitated M2 macrophage polarization, curtailed the production of inflammatory mediators, and augmented the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The experimental findings underscore the vital and intricate role of biofunctionalized PEEK implants in preserving normal bone immunity and metabolism. This study posits that utilizing chitosan‐BGNs represents a direct and effective method for creating multifunctional implants. These implants are designed to facilitate biomineralization and immunomodulation, making them especially apt for orthopedic applications.
A prognostic signature of fatty acid metabolism‐related genes for predicting survival of gastric cancer patients
Authors: Zhao Bochao , Jiang Wei , Wang Jingchao , Sheng Guannan , Wang Yiming , Meng Kewei , Yang Tao
Published: March 2024

To analyze the expression profile of fatty acid metabolism (FAM)‐related genes, identify a prognostic signature, and evaluate its clinical value for gastric cancer (GC) patients. The mRNA expression profiles of 493 FAM‐related genes were obtained from TCGA database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cancer and non‐cancer samples were identified, and their relationships with overall survival (OS) of GC patients were evaluated. A prognostic signature of FAM‐related genes was identified by the LASSO regression model, and its predictive performance was tested by an independent external cohort. Ninety‐three DEGs were identified, of which 44 were downregulated and 49 were upregulated. After optimizing risk characteristics, a prognostic signature of four FAM‐related genes (ACBD5, AVPR1A, ELOVL4, and FAAH) were developed. All patients were divided into high‐risk (>1.020) and low‐risk groups (≤1.020) on the basis of the median risk score. Survival analysis indicated that high‐risk patients had a shorter OS than low‐risk patients (5‐year OS rate, 26.3% vs. 45.0%, p < 0.001). The AUC values for the prediction of 3‐year and 5‐year OS were 0.664 and 0.624, respectively. In the GSE62254 data set, the 5‐year OS rate of high‐risk and low‐risk patients were 44.7% versus 61.5%, respectively (p = 0.003). The AUC values were 0.632 and 0.627 at 3‐year and 5‐year prediction. The prognostic signature of FAM‐related genes was an independent predictor of OS (hanzard ratio [HR] for TCGA cohort: 1.851, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.394–2.458, p < 0.001; HR for GSE62254: 1.549, 95% CI: 1.098–2.185, p = 0.013). The risk signature of four FAM‐related genes was a valuable prognostic tool, and it might be helpful for clinical management and therapeutic decision of gastric cancer patients.
The role of temporality in adolescent refugees' sense of well‐being
Authors: Kira Mari , Belgrade Andrea , Saleem Noor , Salim Rouan , Lee Fiona
Published: March 2024

Adolescent refugees confront a complex interplay of trauma arising from forced displacement, resettlement, and the challenges of transitioning from childhood to adulthood. Using photovoice methodology, this study engaged 14 Iraqi and Syrian adolescent refugees now residing in the United States with the aim to illuminate their well‐being experiences. Our findings show that temporal continuities and discontinuities in adolescent refugees' lives contributed to their sense of well‐being by helping satisfy their basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, relatedness, and safety. Temporal continuities involved drawing upon past resources and formulating future career aspirations based on present experiences. Temporal discontinuities encompassed contrasting past and present and processing adversities endured. This study underscores that, beyond current circumstances, the interpretation of life experiences over extended timeframes influences the well‐being of adolescent refugees.
ZNF263 cooperates with ZNF31 to promote the drug resistance and EMT of pancreatic cancer through transactivating RNF126
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Chen Chuanping , Geng Qilong , Li Haoyu , Wu Mengcheng , Chan Boyuan , Wang Shiyang , Sheng Weiwei
Published: March 2024

The poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is attribute to the aggressive local invasion, distant metastasis and drug resistance of PDAC patients, which was strongly accelerated by epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In current study, we systematically investigate the role of ZNF263/RNF126 axis in the initiation of EMT in PDAC in vitro and vivo. ZNF263 is firstly identified as a novel transactivation factor of RNF126. Both ZNF263 and RNF126 were overexpressed in PDAC tissues, which were associated with multiple advanced clinical stages and poor prognosis of PDAC patients. ZNF263 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, drug resistance and EMT in vitro via activating RNF126 following by the upregulation of Cyclin D1, N‐cad, and MMP9, and the downregulation of E‐cad, p21, and p27. ZNF263 silencing contributed to the opposite phenotype. Mechanistically, ZNF263 transactivated RNF126 via binding to its promoter. Further investigations revealed that ZNF263 interacted with ZNF31 to coregulate the transcription of RNF126, which in turn promoted ubiquitination‐mediated degradation of PTEN. The downregulation of PTEN activated AKT/Cyclin D1 and AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling, thereby promoting the malignant phenotype of PDAC. Finally, the coordination of ZNF263 and RNF126 promotes subcutaneous tumor size and distant liver metastasis in vivo. ZNF263, as an oncogene, promotes proliferation, drug resistance and EMT of PDAC through transactivating RNF126.
The downregulation of Tapasin in dendritic cell regulates CD8+ T cell autophagy to hamper hepatitis B viral clearance in the induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived hepatocyte organoid
Authors: Chen Jinmei , Shen Leer , Guo Qingxin , Ma Siyuan , Zhang Yi , Chen Jie , Qu Lihong , Ng Soon Seng , Chen Xiaohua
Published: March 2024

Tapasin, a crucial molecular chaperone involved viral antigen processing and presentation, plays an important role in antivirus immunity. However, its impact on T cell differentiation in the context of virus clearance remains unclear. In this study, we employed induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into hepatocyte‐like cell, which were subsequently inserted to the inverted colloidal crystal scaffolds, thus establishing a hepatocyte organoid (HO). By inoculating hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles in the system, we successfully engineered a robust in vitro HBV infection model for at least 3 weeks. Furthermore, we aimed to explore the effects of lentivirus‐mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting human Tapasin on the differentiation and antiviral function of CD8+ T cells. Specifically, we transfected dendritic cells (DCs) with Tapasin‐shRNA and cocultured with T cells. The results demonstrated that Tapasin‐shRNA transfected DCs effectively suppressed T cell proliferation and impeded HBV‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Our investigation also revealed the role of mTOR pathway activation in reducing autophagy activity within CD8+ T cells. Expressions of autophagy‐related proteins, beclin‐1, LC3II/LC3I were decreased and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activity was increased in Tapasin‐shRNA group. Collectively, our findings elucidate that shRNA targeting the Tapasin gene within DCs inhibits T cell differentiation by reducing autophagy activity to hamper viral clearance in the HBV‐infected HO.
Effects of instant controlled pressure drop treatment combined with refractance window drying on infusion quality of made green tea
Authors: Bordoloi Tridisha , Hazarika Manuj Kumar
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

The study aimed to determine the effects of instant controlled decompression of steam pressure, termed as ICPD (instant controlled pressure drop) on fresh tea leaves, when combined with refractance window drying (RWD) of rolled green teas during green tea manufacturing. The ICPD steam treatment pressure (TP; 0.1–0.3 MPa), treatment time (TT; 10–20 s) and refractance window drying temperature (RWDT; 70–90 °C) were used as the processing parameters for manufacturing of green tea.

RESULT

Response surface methodology was employed to enumerate the effects of ICPD process conditions and temperature of RWD on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of the green tea infusion. An optimum condition for green tea processing was found at TP 0.2 MPa, TT 20 s with RWDT at 70 °C. In comparison to made green tea manufactured without ICPD treatment, the ICPD treated green tea showed enhanced TPC, TFC and DPPH radical scavenging activity along with better colour and sensory attributes. The microstructural study of ICPD treated green tea samples showed more deformed cell surface integrity, larger stomatal pore size and cracks at the leaf surface in comparison with non‐treated green tea sample.

CONCLUSION

Present study reveals that an ICPD treatment at 0.2 MPa for 20 s can be used as an alternative to the traditional enzyme inactivation step of hot water treatment, for green tea leaves to improve the infusion quality in terms of increased levels of TPC and TFC and DPPH radical scavenging activity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation on Consumer Sleep Technology Metrics and Patient Symptoms
Authors: Cai Yi , Zheng Yixuan James , Cheng Chloe M. , Strohl Kingman P. , Mason Ashley E. , Chang Jolie L.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is usually assessed at discrete and infrequent timepoints. Wearable consumer sleep technologies (CST) may allow for more granular and longitudinal assessments of OSA therapy responses and OSA‐related symptoms.

Methods

In this case series, we enrolled hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HGNS) patients who had an effective treatment response for an 8‐week study using a wearable CST. Participants started with “HGNS‐on,” were randomized to turn off HGNS therapy during either week 4 or 5 (“HGNS‐off”), followed by a return to therapy, “HGNS‐resume.” Participants completed validated symptom questionnaires assessing sleepiness, insomnia symptoms, functional status, and overall sleep health (Satisfaction, Alertness, Timing, Efficiency, and Duration, SATED) each week. CST metrics and survey scores were compared between HGNS treatment phases. Associations between CST metrics and survey scores were assessed.

Results

Seven participants with a total of 304 nights of CST data showed no statistically significant changes in total sleep time (TST), wake time after sleep onset, or sleep efficiency (SE) across the study periods. During HGNS‐off, survey scores indicated significantly worsened OSA‐related symptom scores. Two participants had significantly higher heart rate variability (HRV) during HGNS‐off (by 3.3 and 6.3 ms) when compared to HGNS active therapy periods. Amongst CST metrics, SATED scores correlated with TST (r = 0.434, p < 0.0001), HRV (r = −0.486, p < 0.0001), and SE (r = 0.320, = 0.0014). In addition, FOSQ‐10 scores correlated with average HR during sleep (r = −0.489, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

A 1‐week HGNS therapy withdrawal period impacted OSA‐related sleep symptoms. Sleep‐related metrics measured by a wearable CST correlated with symptom scores indicating potential value in the use of CSTs for longitudinal sleep‐tracking in OSA patients.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:3406–3411, 2024
Investigation of gender‐based needs in academic otolaryngology
Authors: Yalamanchi Pratyusha , Dombrowski Janet , Pynnonen Melissa A. , Malloy Kelly M. , Prince Mark E. , Kupfer Robbi A.
Published: March 2024

Objective

Gaps in gender‐based equity persist in academic otolaryngology. Here we present a needs‐based assessment of otolaryngology faculty and trainees regarding facilitators and barriers to professional satisfaction and career development in academic medicine.

Methods

A qualitative study of otolaryngology faculty, trainees, and administrators who identify as women at an academic tertiary care center was performed from 2020 to 2021 using focus groups and semi‐structured interviews. Five confidential, virtual focus group sessions moderated by a third‐party executive coach were audio‐taped, transcribed, and reviewed for thematic content.

Results

Of 48 women invited, 77% participated (18 faculty/administrative leaders, 10 residents/fellows, 4 audiologists). Participants noted direct patient care, support from colleagues who identify as women, and the transition to virtual meetings as facilitators of current professional satisfaction. Five themes emerged as barriers to workplace satisfaction and career development including (1) limited professional schedule flexibility, (2) competing commitments such as childcare exacerbated by pandemic, (3) lack of visible departmental leadership who identify as women, (4) perceived lack of organic sponsorship within subspecialty divisions, and (5) frequent identity‐associated microaggressions from patients and staff outside the department. Strategies identified for improving gender‐based equity included (1) promoting department‐wide awareness of workplace gender‐based differences, (2) implicit bias training within established programming such as grand rounds conferences, and (3) novel faculty programming such as leadership development training and formal junior faculty mentorship.

Conclusion

Confidential needs‐based assessment of otolaryngology faculty and trainees identified both persistent gaps and strategies to enhance recruitment, support career development, and grow professional satisfaction of women within academic otolaryngology.

Level of Evidence

3.
Seamless, Self‐Transformation of Thermoplastic Polyesters into Vitrimers Through Bond Exchange‐Triggered Cross‐Linking
Authors: Isogai Taketo , Hayashi Mikihiro
Published: March 2024

In this study, a seamless, self‐transformation system of linear thermoplastic polyesters into the sustainable cross‐linked polymers, vitrimers, is demonstrated. The key is the use of polyesters bearing abundant hydroxyl side groups, which are synthesized via the reaction using dithiol molecules bearing ester units and diepoxy molecules. The polymerization reaction progresses efficiently at relatively low temperature due to the click nature of the thiol‐epoxy reaction, which provides the hydroxyl side groups along the polyester chain. The tin catalyst (stannous octoate) is added in the initial polymerization, and the catalyst also works to cross‐link the polyesters via intermolecular transesterification bond exchange simply by heating at high temperatures. By adjusting the degrees of cross‐linking, the mechanical properties as well as the thermal properties are well tuned. The bond exchange can still be activated in the final cross‐linked sample; and thus, the material behaves as vitrimers, exhibiting mechanical recyclability. The application of a new type of hot melt adhesive, where the post‐coating tuning/enhancement of adhesion strength is realized, is also demonstrated. On the whole, the present system is very simple but proposes a new application window of bond exchange concept into self‐transformation polymers.
Comparison of conventional hydrothermal and microwave‐assisted synthesized g‐C3N4/MoS2 nanocomposite coated steel substrate by tribological measurement
Authors: Saxena M. , Sharma A. K. , Singh N. , Dixit A.R. , Srivastava A. K.
Published: March 2024

Molybdenum disulfide is an effective solid lubricant, but it suffers from oxidation and moisture absorption issues, resulting in insufficient wear resistance and a shortened lifespan. This study introduces an innovative approach, integrating graphitic carbon nitride with molybdenum disulfide via advanced microwave‐assisted synthesis, offering precise control over synthesis parameters. The research assesses the tribological performance, comparing it with conventional hydrothermal synthesis. The study extensively investigates the morphology, microstructure, and tribology of a g‐C3N4/MoS2 nanocomposite created through novel microwave (g‐C3N4/MoS2‐MW) and hydrothermal techniques (g‐C3N4/MoS2‐HT). MoS2 exhibits a flower‐like structure, while graphitic carbon nitride has a layered structure, as confirmed by elemental analysis via energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. X‐ray diffraction identifies g‐C3N4 peaks at 13.0° (100) and 27.5° (002) and hexagonal MoS2 peaks at 14° (002), 32.7° (100), 35.8° (102), and 58.3° (110). The Fourier‐transform infrared spectrum reveals peaks at 1237.4 and 808 cm−1 (aromatic and triazine ring breathing modes in g‐C3N4), 1407.1 and 1638.9 cm−1 (C=N and C−C heterocyclic structures), and 3432 cm−1 (vibrations due to −NH and −OH). The coefficients of friction for microwave‐assisted and traditional hydrothermal synthesized nanocomposites are 0.22 and 0.34, respectively. The wear depths are 98 microns and 141 microns, with a wear scar diameter of 2.87 mm for g‐C3N4/MoS2‐MW and 3.45 mm for g‐C3N4/MoS2‐HT, indicating superior lubrication with the microwave‐assisted coating.