bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selected Aspects of Building and Developing a Modern High-Performing Team
Authors: ŚLÓSARZ Mieczysław
Published: May 2021

The publication presents selected issues related to the creation, development and retention of staff teams. It discusses team buildingstages and the characteristics of modern teams. Another discussedaspect is the identification of team characteristics according toBelbin’s concept and their relevance for the selection of team members. Outdoor training is presented as a form of team development.The publication also presents conflicts in a team, their causes and conflict-solving methods as well as the characteristics of agood leader.
An Assessment of Selected Work Organisation Variants in an Underground Hard Coal Mine with Consideration to Unit Mining Costs
Authors: MAGDA Roman
Published: May 2021

The aim of the paper is to compare two forms of work organisation, the first of which assumes extending the mine’s operation fromfive to six days a week, and the other – implementing a continuous work organisation system. To illustrate this in terms of unitmining costs, a model hard coal mine was used. In addition to the current organisational solution, which serves as the startingpoint for comparative analysis, solutions were proposed to increase the degree of utilisation of the existing production potential,mainly with regard to technical means of production and human resources. The proposed solutions assume increasing the intensityof use of technical means of production on an annual basis by extending the annual working time of selected mining crews. For thecomparative analysis, three variants of the mine’s operation in terms of the production organisation system were adopted. UnderVariant I, treated as the baseline option, the current organisation of production is to be continued (5 days a week, Monday to Friday,excluding public holidays). Variant II provides for extending the working time of some mining crews to 6 days a week (fromMonday to Saturday, excluding public holidays). Variant III assumes continuous operation for 7 days a week (excluding publicholidays and several days for shaft inspections). Having adopted appropriate baseline assumptions for simulation calculations anda set of input data reflecting the characteristics of a specific mine, simulation calculations were performed and their results wereused to carry out a comparative analysis of selected organisational solutions.
An Analysis of Selected Benchmarks and Evaluation Methods to Test the Replacebility of Mathematical- Statistical Methods in Benchmarking by Solvency and Bankruptcy Models: A Case Study in Assessing Gravel-Sand Mining Companies in the Czech Republic
Authors: ČERNÝ Igor , VANĚK Michal , PITŘÍK Jakub , BORA Petr
Published: May 2021

Benchmarking is a useful managerial tool to identify opportunities in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a companyvia the application of benchmarks to assess and compare the company efficiency with the leader in the field or other selected companies.For this reason, it is vital to conveniently select the different benchmarks and adequate methods for the evaluation. Havingbenchmarked five selected mining companies exploiting gravel-sand in the Czech Republic, CEMEX Sand, k.s., Českomoravskýštěrk, a. s., LB MINERALS, s.r.o., CEMEX Cement, s.r.o., and ZEPIKO, spol. s r.o., the article aims to consider mutual replacebilityof mathematical-statistical methods used for evaluation in benchmarking. Next, it verifies the agreement in results rendered bythe solvency and bankruptcy models and those rendered by mathematical-statistical methods. We used eleven benchmarks (EBITDA,ROA, ROS, WACC, Quick ratio, Total assets turnover, Net working capital turnover ratio, Interest coverage, Altman’s model,Index IN05, and Taffler’s model), and seven evaluation methods. The research study shows that the majority of the examinedbenchmarking methods may be mutually replaced. Based on the results, we determined two groups of methods, out of which onemethod may be chosen and mutually combined with a method from the other group, and vice versa. The first group contains theRank ordering weighting method, Point allocation method, Standardised variable method, Method of the distance from a fictitiousobject, Weighted sum method and TOPSIS method. The second group contains Weighted average method. The research also provesthat selected benchmarks, such as Altman’s model and Taffler’s model, may be used on their own.
Evaluation of the genetic variability of Ophrys insectifera L. populations growing in Belarus using molecular iPBS markers
Authors: Samokhvalova N. V. , Kruchonok A. V. , Anoshenko B. Yu. , Titok V. V.
Published: May 2021

An analysis of genetic heterogeneity was performed for two populations of Ophrys insectifera L. located in the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve and the Verkudy village. The species are critically endangered (CR). The analysis of data obtained using iPBS markers detected the higher risk of extinction of the population in the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve than the population from the Verkudy village, since the level of population genetic heterogeneity from the Verkudy is higher compared to the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) and other parameters of genetic variation showed the major fraction of intrapopulation variation (64 %, Gst = 0.26). Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) revealed two groups that coincided with natural populations, and confirmed a larger genetic heterogeneity in the population from the Verkudy.
Experience of introduction of Chrysanthemum coreanum varieties of Ukrainian breeding in Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Authors: Tsekhanovich S. V.
Published: May 2021

The main goal was primary comprehensive assessment of the biological and decorative indicators of varieties of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coreanum (H. Lèv. & Vaniot) Nakai ex T. Mori), ukrainian selection of National Botanical Garden named after N. N. Grishko, for definition the possibility of their using for flower decoration of cities and other settlements of Belarus. Phenological observations were carried out during all vegetation periods from 2010 to 2020. The types of inflorescences of chrysanthemums were classified according to the generally accepted classification, which was developed for the chrysanthemum by the Dresden Institute of Horticulture (Clauss, 1960). Primary comprehensive assessment of chrysanthemum varieties was carried out according to the modified method of varietal assessment of the Central Scientific Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, which based on 11 biological and decorative indicators: color stability of the inflorescence, number of inflorescences on one shoot, height and shape of the plant, leafiness of the shoot (stem), winter hardiness, resistance to diseases and pests , vegetative mobility, annual stability of flowering, duration of flowering, longevity in culture. In article are given the results of the introduction of varieties of chrysanthemum breeding NBG named after N. N. Grishko collection of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Primary comprehensive assessment of 76 varieties of Korean chrysanthemum. The 31 varieties of chrysanthemums were selected, which can be recommended for flower decoration of cities and towns of Belarus. Thus, investigated varieties of Korean chrysanthemum, breeding NBS named after N. N. Grishko, characterized by a steady rhythm of seasonal growth and development. The majority varieties is going through all stages of seasonal development during the growing season, which indicates their successful adaptation to the climatic conditions of Belarus.
Processes of electroluminescence degradation of light-emitting structures based on thin silicon oxide and nitride films
Authors: Romanov I. A. , Komarov F. F. , Vlasukova L. A. , Parkhomenko I. N. , Kovalchuk N. S.
Published: May 2021

SiO2 /Si, SiN1.2/SiO2 /Si and SiO2 /SiN0.9/SiO2 /Si structures have been fabricated by chemical vapor deposition and thermal oxidation of silicon. The elemental composition and thicknesses of dielectric layers have been studied using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and spectral ellipsometry. The electroluminescence (EL) of the samples has been investigated in the “electrolyte–dielectric–semiconductor” system at a positive bias voltage applied to the silicon substrate. An intense band with maxima at 1.9 eV appears on the EL spectra of the SiO2 /Si sample, while the EL spectra of the SiN1.2/SiO2 /Si and SiO2 /SiN0.9/SiO2 /Si samples are characterized by the presence of bands with the maximum values of 1.9, 2.3 and 2.7 eV. The nature of these bands is discussed. Passing a charge in the range of 100–500 mC/ cm2 through the SiO2 /SiN0.9/SiO2 /Si sample, an increase in the EL intensity was recorded in the entire visible range. Passing a charge of 1 C/cm2 through a sample with a three-layer dielectric film resulted in the EL intensity decrease. It can be explained by the upper oxide layer degradation. It has been shown that silicon nitride deposited on top of the SiO2 layer protects the oxide layer from field degradation and premature breakdown. The most stable electroluminescence when exposed to a strong electric field is observed for the structure SiN1.2/SiO2 /Si.
Regulation of high-frequency rhythms of the behavioral activity by oligopeptides structurаlly related to oxytocin
Authors: Kravchenko E. V. , Bizunok N. A. , Dubovik B. V.
Published: May 2021

The pharmacological regulation of high-frequency rhythms of the behavioral activity (with a period of up to 1/2 hour) is an actual direction of modern medical science. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of oligopeptides structurally related to oxytocin on the parameters of ultradian rhythms of locomotor activity (LA) in outbred ICR laboratory mice. LA was recorded automatically in a multichannel actometer (Ugo Basile, Italy) in the conditions of individual detection. Amplitude, acrophase, and mesor of biorhythms’ were determined by the Cosinor analysis. Oligopeptides structurally related to oxytocin fragments, as well as memantine under systemic (intraperitoneal) administration, had a pronounced influence on the ultradian LA biorhythms of mice. Memantine (10.0 mg/kg), Cyclo-(Leu-Gly) (0.025 mg/kg), Pro-Leu (0.5 mg/kg), and Leu-Gly (0.1 mg/kg) triggered the migration to the right of the acrophase of statistically significant 24-minute LA rhythms versus control. A further study of the peptidergic mechanisms of regulation of fluctuations in ultradian biorhythms can contribute to the development of the theoretical foundations of chronobiology, as well as to the search for the means correcting the desynchronoses.
Content of pollutants in waste plastic of electrical equipment in Belarus
Authors: Kukharchyk T. I. , Chernyuk V. D. , Kulakovich V. P.
Published: May 2021

The problem of management of waste plastic of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) is associated, on the one hand, with the increase in the volume of their formation and the “green” circulation economy requirements for recycling, and, on the other hand, with the hazardous substances contained in them, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals. The article presents the measurement results of the content of pollutants in EEE plastic samples taken at the enterprises for their collection and processing in Minsk. The content of heavy metals and bromine was determined in 40 plastic samples using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) – in 19 samples using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. It was shown that the content of lead was recorded in 40 % of samples (the maximum value is 259 mg/kg of plastic), of cadmium – 28 % (22 mg/kg), of chromium – 20 % (98 mg/kg); the content of mercury and PBB was found to be below the detection limit. PBDEs are contained in 7.5 % of samples in the range 246–6615 mg/kg. Decabromodiphenyl ether, a persistent organic pollutant, accounted for 89 to 96 % of the total PBDE. A high proportion of bromine-containing plastic (48 %) was revealed, which is consistent with the data of other countries. The need to carry out research in Belarus with the expansion of a list of analyzed pollutants in waste plastic and to develop the regulatory and technical base in relation to the management of waste plastic in accordance with the obligations of the Stockholm Convention on POPs is discussed.
Dynamics of the language situation in Belarus and the Belarusian language in the world in the context of the “one belt and one way” initiative
Authors: Pan Yuqin , Lukashanets A. A.
Published: May 2021

This paper focuses on the impact of globalization on dynamics of language situations and national language functions in today’s world. The results obtained propose that the definition of modern language situation in the Republic of Belarus should be expanded as endogenous/exogenous closely related state Belarusian-Russian bilingualism (balanced in legal terms and unbalanced, unequal in functional and communicative terms), complicated by the languages of national minorities and national diasporas, and significant expansion of the presence of world languages in the Belarusian national language space. This paper shows the characteristics of language situation in Belarus and the status of Belarusian in the general Slavic background. Taking the language situation of the Republic of Belarus and the Belarusian language as an example, this paper illustrates the impact of the largest international megaproject “one belt and one way” on the dynamics of the language situations, connecting the national languages of Belarus and China into the world language space.
Branding as an effective tool for the development of tourist territories of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Yelovaya E. M.
Published: May 2021

Branding of territories is growing rapidly as an approach used in the tourism sector to promote a tourist destination. The concept of branding was borrowed from the world of the mass market and is actively used in a number of national tourist destinations, however, at this stage of its development, an academic analysis of the value and effectiveness of the use of branding of territories is still not fully carried out. First of all, the role of branding in regional tourist territories is not investigated, where brand personalization is extremely important given the geographical proximity of their location.
EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF THE DIVERSIFICATION OF THE ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY IN THE TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION AND CATERING FIELD
Authors: Voronets Dmytro
Published: May 2021

The temporary accommodation and catering field is a highly competitive field that is why companies in this branch of economy have to make strategic decisions concerned with market expansion and diversification. Diversification of the enterprise activity is very complex and comprehensive strategic decision and has to be evaluated and supervised by management of the enterprise. Besides, the implementation of the diversification strategy requires a lot of resources (financial, material, human) which efficiency is important to evaluate and control. In this article it is examined the problem of evaluating the diversification efficiency of temporary accommodation and catering businesses. The essence of diversification of the enterprise activity is revealed and the general characteristic of the field of temporary accommodation and catering is outlined. The author’s goal was to specify indicators for evaluating the efficiency of diversification that are developed in latest scientific publications for use in manufacturing enterprises and their adaptation to the services sector, part of which is the temporary accommodation and catering field. On the basis of the researched scientific works the universal system of indicators for estimation of efficiency of diversification of the temporary accommodation and catering enterprise activity is offered. Three key groups of indicators for evaluation are distinguished: financial and economic, manufacturing and technological, market. Formulas for calculating these indicators are given and their nature is described. The aim of this indicators is to demonstrate the quantitative effect of diversification of the enterprise activity in temporary accommodation and catering field. Besides, indicators also can be adapted and used in other service industries.
RISKS AND THREATS TO ENSURING FOOD SECURITY OF UKRAINE: METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICAL EVALUATION
Authors: Skydan Oleg , Hrynyshyn Vadym
Published: May 2021

The article provides substantiation to the fact that ensuring food security of the state is an important component of its socioeconomic policy and a key indicator of the effectiveness of the national strategy in the local and global context. It has been proved that identification of risks and threats to food security in a timely manner makes it possible to assess the current trends of its main indicators and to further forecast them in a rapidly changing market environment. It has been identified and methodically supported that the system of risks and threats to food security is complementary related to the possibility of negative changes in its level, because the more likely the possibility of adverse changes, the higher the level of risk. It has been proved that the process of identifying food security risks should be based on the results of the analysis of the factors that cause them. Methodological steps in the context of risk assessment of the country in terms of the loss of food security have been identified: 1) systematization of food security indicators from the standpoint of risk management; 2) identification of all factors/threats that may cause adverse changes in indicators; 3) assessment of the possibility/probability of negative changes in food security indicators due to each of the identified factors/threats. The system of risks is determined from the standpoint of taking into account the sphere of formation and realization of resource potential, the sphere of food production, and the sphere of food distribution and consumption. A methodological approach to the calculation of the risk of negative fluctuations of food security indicators in the context of estimating the corresponding coefficients of semi-variation has been proposed. Strategically important types of agricultural products have been selected for the study, namely grain crops and legumes, sunflower, vegetables, meat and milk. In general, the calculations have shown an increased risk of negative fluctuations in the affordability of domestic food products against the background of intensification of internal and external threats to food security of Ukraine. The integrated risk coefficient for agriculture at large is 14.03 (the risk coefficient of crop production is 15.37, for animal husbandry 7.04).
Hormonal Assay for Estimation of Progesterone Levels in Normally and Induced Estrus Bitches
Authors: Abd-Alhadi SaifAldeen , Ibrahim Najlaa  Sami S.
Published: May 2021

The present study was conducted to measure the concentration of progesterone throughout gestation and parturition in control and treated bitches. Thirty anestrus bitches aged 3 - 6 years and weighing 19.5 - 26 kg were used in this study. The bitches were divided equally into three groups as follows: the 1st group as a control group  without treatment, the 2nd group as a treated group anestrus bitches treated orally with 0.125 mg/kg BW bromocriptine (Parlodel) twice daily, and the 3rd group treated orally by 0.012 mg/kg BW cabergoline (Dostinex) until the appearance of estrus signs. The results showed that the number of responded animals were in proestrus bleeding and became pregnant and newborn 70%, 60% and 50% for control, bromocriptine, and cabergoline treated groups, respectively. In addition, there were no significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) in progesterone concentration between the control and treated pregnant bitches. It can be concluded that both medicines bromocriptine and cabergoline have no effect on progesterone levels during pregnancy period in bitches.
Effect of Supplimenting Black Seeds (Nigella Sativa Linn) in the Ration on the Immune Response of Newcastle Disease and Some Physiological Aspects of Broiler Chicken
Authors: Kassab Atheer
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted to investigate the role of supplementing the diet ofbroiler chicken with Black seed (Nigella sativa Linn) broiler chicken in theimmune response of the bird .The study has also investigated the level of someserum proteins and the activity of amino group transmitting enzymes. The Blackseeds have been ground and supplemented in the diet of the chickens at 2%inclusion rate .A total of 80 Faobro broiler chicks were divided equally into 4groups.Group 1: given Black seed supplemented diet and vaccinated at 8 ,16 and 26 daysof age with one dose of live Newcastle (ND) vaccine in the crop and injected 0.2ml oil adjuvant ND vaccine subcutaneously.Group 2: given Black seed supplemented diet and vaccinated at 8 ,16 and 26 daysof age with one dose of live Newcastle (ND) vaccine in the crop but did notinjected with oil adjuvant ND vaccine.Group 3: A control to group 1, but not supplemented with Black seed in the diet.Group 4: A control to group 2, but not supplemented with Black seed in the diet.Results showed that the supplementation of Black seed with the diet causedsignificant increase in the total serum protein, the serum globuline, the NDantibody examined by Haemagglutination test and the body weight. Thedifferences were more obvious when the birds were vaccinated with oil adjuvantvaccine .The enzyme Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanineaminotransferase(ALT) have not been affected by the inclusion of 2% Black seedin the diet. It was concluded that the inclusion of 2% Black seed in the diet hasled to a better immune response and health conditions shown by the birds.
Anatomical study of the Salivary glands in the indiagenous geeze "Anser anser" (Grey lage goose)
Authors: Mohammed Fadhil S.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to determine the anatomical examination of thesalivary glands, their position and their opening in the indiagenous geeze (Anseranser).Eight healthy birds (4 male & 4 female) were used.The data showed that the geese have well developed salivary glands namely,palatine (lateral and medial) spheno pterygoid glands of the angle of the mouthand cricoarytenoid salivary glands. Those salivary glands opened by means ofthe main excretory ducts in the oral cavity while the lingual (anterior &posterior) and mandibular (anterior & posterior) salivary glands. Exhibitednumerous ducts opened in the oral cavity.
The Comparative Effect of Imported (Biomin) and Local Iraqi Probiotic on Broiler Performance
Authors: AL-Kaissi Galib A.
Published: May 2021

Recent reports shown that the supplementation of the broiler ration with aprobiotic leads to an ideal microbial balance in the intestinal microflora of theirgastrointestinal tract. Such balance, however, would reflect on their health andperformance. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of twoprobiotic products, Biomin and Iraqi probiotic, on the broiler performancecharacteristics. A total of 500 Lohman broiler chicks, one day old, wererandomly distributed into five dietary groups as follow:T1: chicks fed on diet with half dose of Biomin (1.5 Kg/ Ton diet).T2: chicks fed on diet with full dose of Biomin. (3 Kg/ Ton diet)T3: chicks fed on diet with half dose of Iraqi probiotic. (2.5 Kg/ Ton diet)T4: chicks fed on diet with full dose of Iraqi probiotic. (5 Kg/ Ton diet)T5: chicks fed slandered diet. (Control)Results obtained from the present study showed that the supplementation of thediets with probiotic, biomin or Iraqi probiotic, had significantly (ρ > 0.05)improved the final body weight, feed conversion and dressing percentage anddecreased mortality. However, Iraqi probiotic seemed to be more effective thanbiomin in most of these treats. Furthermore, the use of a half dose of Iraqiprobiotic (2.5 Kg / ton feed) seemed to be better than the full dose.
A Comparison Effect of the Imported (Biomin) and Local Iraqi Probiotic on Some Physiological Properties and Intestinal Microflora in Broiler Chicks
Authors: AL-Kaissi Galib. A.
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of two probioticproducts, Biomin and Iraqi Probiotic, on some blood and biochemical propertiesand intestinal microflora population in broiler chicks. A total of 500 Lohmanbroiler chicks, one day old, were randomly distributed into five dietary groups asfollow:T1: chicks fed on diet with half dose of Biomin (1.5 Kg/ Ton diet).T2: chicks fed on diet with full dose of Biomin. (3 Kg/ Ton diet)T3: chicks fed on diet with half dose of Iraqi probiotic. (2.5 Kg/ Ton diet)T4: chicks fed on diet with full dose of Iraqi probiotic. (5 Kg/ Ton diet)T5: chicks fed slandered diet. (Control)Results obtained from the present study showed that both probiotics weresignificantly (ρ > 0.05) increase packed cell volume (PCV), total count ofred blood cells, the concentration of hemoglobin and protein in bloodserum. However, the total count of white blood cells, H/L ratio, and theconcentration of cholesterol in the blood serum were significantly (ρ > 0.05)decreased. Both Probiotics produce a significant decrease in the totalbacterial count, coliform and mold count and increased Lactobacilli countin broiler intestinal contents. Iraqi Probiotic tended to have more comparedeffect in increasing Lactobacilli count in the intestine with both Biominand control groups.
Antibiotic Resistance And Plasmid Contents Of Salmonella Serotypes Isolated From Raw Milk
Authors: Nazal Khilud K.
Published: May 2021

This study lasted for eight months .The main objectives of the study wereto identify the main sources of raw milk pollution with Salmonella with aspecial emphasis on determination of their serotypes. The relationship betweentheir resistance to antibiotics and their plasmide contents were also studied.Six hundred raw milk samples collected randomly at weekly intervals where thefirst (300) samples were from the individual milk cans (50 Kg each) at theproducers homes in Abu-Ghraib village while the second (300) samples werecollected from the scale bulk tanks (2 tons) inside the milk reception andcollection center at the same village.In addition to that (200) swabs were taken from four different location (50swabs for each) namely: the teats, milkers hands, the inner surface of the milkcans and the sedimemts that were precipitated at the bottom of the scale bulktank.Data revealed that 5% of the milk cans and 7% of the scale bulk tank werecontaminated with Salmonella besides the percentage of the Salmonella isolatesfrom different swabs location were as 10% , 30% , 8% and 52% out of the teats,inner surface of milk cans, milker’s hands and sediments of the bulk tanksrespectively .Seven serotypes of Salmonella were identified from both milk samples andswabs including S. typhimurium 40 %, S. anatum 26.67%, S. Kottbus 13.33 %,S. infantis 6.67%, S. dublin6.67%, S. java 3.33% and S. typhi 3.33%.Antibiotic sensitivity test for different antibiotics revealed that mostSalmonella isolates were resistant to two antibiotics where (36.66%)of theisolates were resistant to Sulphamethazol, (16.66%)were resistant to tetracycline, (10%) were resistant to Streptomycin and (3.33%) were resistant to each ofChloramphenicol , Kanamycin and Ampicillin.The extraction of the DNA-plsmide revealed that seven out of ten isolatescontained large, individual plasmids size of (50-70) Killo Base (KB) while theothers three isolate were free from such plamid.
A Comparative Between, Enzyme and Yeast Chromium in the feel On The Intestinal Microflora Balance In Broiler Chicks
Authors: Al-Kaissy Galib A.
Published: May 2021

This experiment aimed to study the effect of diet supplementation withfeed enzyme (Poultrygrow) or chromium yeast (Biochrom) on the intestinalmicrobial balance of broiler chicks. A total of 300 broiler chicks, one day old,were randomly allocated into three treatment groups and named T1, T2 and T3respectively. Chicks in T1 used as control while chicks in T2 and T3 were feeddiets with two feed additives, Poultrygrow and Biochrom, respectively.The data show that the two feed additives were decreased the totalbacterial count and coliform count in crop, Jujinum and large intestine but thestatistical analysis showed that the effect were not significant. Supplementationof diet with Biochrom were significantly reduced total aerobic bacteria andincreased Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacilli).The overall data revealed that the diet supplementation with Poultrygrowand Biochrom had a positive effect on microbial balance, a reduction in totalaerobic bacteria and coilform and significant increases in Lactobacilli wereshown in most digestive tract parts of broiler ch
The Effect of Heat& Cold on The L.monocytogenes in the Milk
Authors: Al-Khatib Ghazi M.
Published: May 2021

The influence of heat and cold on the L.monocytogenes in the milkIn order to know the thermal resistance of L.monocytogenesin thecontaminated milk, 40gram of powder milk was dissolved in 400mlof heated water.The milk solution was sealed in 40 test tubes 10 mlin each one.these test tubes were divided into 6 groups ,10test tubesin each the 1st,2nd group &5 test tubes in each the 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6thgroups,then all the test tubes were inoculated withL.monocytogenes &incubation for 24hrs at 37c.the samples of the1st &2nd group were dipped in awater bath at tempreture 63c for30minute &72c for 1-5.5 minute respectively .also the samples of3rd &4th groups were dipped in awater bath at 72c for 6minute. Testtubes of 1st ,3rd ,5th groups were kept in 4c for variable times whilesamples of 4th ,6th group were exposured to - 18c for 12days. Theresults showed no bacterial isolates immediately after heattreatment in all the milk samples of 1st .3rd &4th groups but someisolates were seen after enrichment at 4c&- 18c L.monocytogeneswas isolate from all samples of 2nd ,5th &6th groups. The resultssuugest that cold enrichment play role in repair the thermallyinjured cells of L.monocytogenes&these organisms survivevethermal treatment.
Distribution Of Helminth Infections In Gastro-Intestinal Tract Of Horses
Authors: Faraj Azhar Ali
Published: May 2021

This study concerns with incidence of infection of gastro-intestinalhelminthes ( Nematode) in horses. Results revealed that the rate of parasitichelminthes was 50.54%. The peak of Nematode infection was 86.6% inSpring followed by 57.5% .during Autumn then the infection declined inSummer and Winter to 33.73% and 22.5% respectively Four genera ofparasitic nematodes were identified the highest rate of infection withStrongylus was recorded in horses 49.54% followed by Parascris 14.09%,the lowest infection with Trichostrongylus and Oxyuris was 9.09 % and7.72% respectively. Result revealed higher helminthes infections in females57.05% than in males 39.7%.
Isolation and Identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from locally minced meat and imported minced and chicken meat
Authors: Mohammed Zuhair A.
Published: May 2021

A total of 143 samples of meat were examined in this study, theserepresents 67 samples of locally minced meat, 31 samples of importedminced meat and 45 samples of imported chicken meat. The samples werecollected from different areas of Baghdad city during the period fromJanuary till May 2006.Detection, isolation an enumeration of E.coli 0157:H7 were carried out.The result revealed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in theisolation percentage and the microbial counts of E.coli 0157:H7 whencomparing the three types of meat. The highest prevalence were found in thelocally minced meat (80% ; 1.6 x 107 cfu/g) Followed by the importedminced meat (65% ;5.9x106cfu/g) and finally chicken meat(56%; 2.7 x 106 cfu/g).
Effect of mercury on the total and electrophoretic profile of proteins and on the activity of three enzymes in mantle of three species of freshwater clam : Unio tigridis, Pseudontopsis euphraticus and Anodonta spp
Authors: Taker Abd Ali
Published: May 2021

A three species of clam Unio tigridis, Pseudontopsis euphraticus andAnodonta sp. were collected from Al-Habaniya lake, Al-Angor region/Iraq.The animals were exposed to three concentrations of mercury :0.1, 0.2 and0.4 mg/L . First group of animals were exposed for three weeks ,secondgroup for two weeks and the third group for one week. At the end of theexposure period, the animals were dissected ,then the mantle removed for thefurther studies on proteins and enzymes. The results were :1- Total protein concentration in the mantle decreased in the threespecies of clam exposed to mercury. It was observed that aprominent effect of mercury on the electrophoretic bands ofproteins with the decrease in the intensity of protein bands orinduction of new bands.2- The activity of the three enzymes : Alkaline phosphatase , ALTand AST were not stable, either increasing or decreasingaccording to the different species and concentration of themercury , for example the activity of alkaline phosphataseincreased in the mantle of the first species at lower anddecreased at the second concentration but decreased in thirdspecies at different concentrations . The activity of ALTincreased in the mantle of the first species at all concentrationsof mercuy, while the activity of AST decreased in the mantle ofthe first species and increased at the two other concentrationsbut decreased in the mantle of third species .3- We concluded from this study that , the clam responses to themercury in the environment, which caused a changes in proteinsand enzymes. These changes can be used as an indicator to thewater pollution with the mercury .
Study of the changes of some physical & chemical parameters accompanied to Ovine and Caprine urinary system infections
Authors: Hassan Wahab A.
Published: May 2021

This study was devoted to determination of normal physical andchemical values of 100 sample of Ovine and Caprine urine withmicroscopically examination of urine samples sterilely collectedfrom sheep & goat slaughtered in Al-Shulla governmental slaughterhouse between may and November 2004 as well as demonstration ofchanges in these values in case of presence of microbes in urine .Thisstudy illustrated no significant differences(P<0.05) of urine analysisvalues between sheep & goat but these values significantlychanged(P<0.05)with the presence of microbes in urine and thesechanges included opacity of urine, decrease of specific gravity &increase of urine pH.25 sample were positive to protein test with concentration extent from 200to 1000mg/dl , 11 samples (44%) were positive to penzedin test. Thebacterial culture of the urine sample showed different species of bacteria thetotal presence of bacteria was 25% in both sheep & goat includingStaphylococcus aurous, Streptococcus spp, Corynobacterium renale,Escherichia coli, Protes vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumonia .
Experimental infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae in urinary tract of rats and guinea pigs
Authors: I. Ibrahim Z.
Published: May 2021

This work aimed to study the pathological changes induced in theurinary organs after infection with K.pneumoniae. Two laboratory femaleanimal species ,white rat&guinea pig ,were infected by tworoutes,ascending (first group) and direct(intra renal-second group).The infection was examined in different periods through the bacterialculture of urine & kidney samples as well as the pathological changes(grossµscopic) were examined after post mortum.The resultes of both groups showed a positive bacteriologic culture ofthe urine & kidney samples concomitant with the gross andhistopathological changes of the kidneys which revealed different degreesof inflammation between the two groups as well as within the indivisualsof the same group, especially the kidney specimens which showedpyelonephritis in rats & guinea pigs of both infection routes (ascendingand intrarenal
Effect of of Levamisole as immunostimulatoron the humoral and cellular immune response in sheep vaccinated with Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine
Authors: A. Yousif, A,
Published: May 2021

This study was designed to determined the influence of levamisoleadministration as immunostimulator for sheep vaccinated with Brucellamelitensis vaccine (Rev-1). The sixty sheep (males and females) weredivided equally into four groups *The first group (vaccinated group ) theanimals were vaccinated with Rev-1 vaccine at a dose of 1 ml s/c whichcontain 2 x 109 viable bacteria *The second group ( vaccine andlevamisole ), was vaccinated with Rev-1 as the same of the first group aswell as levamisole was given orally at a dose of 10 mg / kg B.W a weekbefore vaccination and with vaccination and a week after vaccination andthen levamisole was given at monthly intervals up to the end of theexperiment.* Third group (levamisole group) was given levamisole orallyat a dose of 10 mg / kg B.W at the same regimen of the time of thesecond group.*The fourth group kept as a control group which was given 1 ml of PBSs/cThe humeral and cellular immunity assessed on animals at 0 time,2,4,6,8,10,12,14 weeks.The vaccinated animals showed a hightemperature after vaccination in the Ist and 2nd groups, the highest ratevalue was recorded in the first group 40.93C. Same trends were noticed inrespiratory and pulse rates. No changes were recorded in the third andfourth groups.The vaccine stimulate humeral immunity ( first and second groups ).Rose Bengal Test gave a positive result in both vaccinated groups only.The second group revealed high means significant antibody titer 1160.53than the first group, while the third and fourth groups showed a negativeresult in the antibody titer as detected by passive haemagglutination test(PHA).While the cellular immunity showed the following results .Delayed typehypersensitivity test was positive in the vaccinated groups and the secondgroupshowed significantly higher average in redness area and itsthickness, than the first group,while in third and fourth groups the resultswere negative .
Mechanism of the Tracheal Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of the Cordia myxa Plant Extract in Sheep
Authors: AlBayaty Muhannad A. A.
Published: May 2021

Isolated tracheal smooth muscle of sheep, which is pharmacologicallyprecontracted by acetylcholine, induces relaxation when exposed to Cordiamyxa plant extract. The aim of the present study was to typify the mechanism ofCordia myxa extract induced by relaxation in the sheep trachea. 1. Cordia myxaextract relaxed both epithelium-intact and denuded sheep trachea ringscontracted by acetylcholine. The scale of relaxation on Cordia myxa extract wasdependent on the treated dose and slightly greatly in epithelium denuded ringsthan in epithelium-intact preparations. 2. L-NAME (10 nM-100 uM) but not DNAMEcompletely inhibited the relaxation in a concentration dependentmanner. 3. The Cordia myxa extract -induced relaxation was inhibited bymethylene blue (1 -100 uM), and verapamil (100 nM), and removal ofextracellular Ca2+. In contrast, Cordia myxa extract - induced relaxation waspotentiated by Nw-nitro-Larginine (L-NOARG) treatment. These results putforward that Cordia myxa extract -induced relaxation may be due to nitric oxidefrom exogenously administered L-arginine as well as endogenous nitric oxidedonors such as amino acid and arginine derivatives. Additional suggestion is thatCordia myxa extract stimulates the expression of nitric oxide synthesis, and itsactivity for nitric oxide generation is dependent on cytosolic Ca2+ originatedfrom extracellular space
Study on bacterial isolation from dogs affected with malignant tumor
Authors: H. Saher M.
Published: May 2021

To identify the bacterial isolation from dogs have cancer diseases, the samples were (throat swab and urine) havebeen taken from (64) dogs suffering from different cancer diseases includes (38) females and (26) males.The result of throat swab as were follows: E.coli (50%), Actenomyces pyogenes (40.6 %) , Beta HeamolyticStreptococcus group D (21.8 %) , Staphylococcus aureus (21.8 %), Klebsiella spp also Actenomyces viscosus(18.7%), S.epidermidis(12.5%), Beta Heamolytic Streptococcus groupG (9.3 %) , Proteus mirabilis (9.3 %) ,Beta Heamolytic Streptococcus group B (6.2 %) , Bacillus subtilis (6.2 %), Micrococcus (6.2%) ,Pseudomonas aerugenosa also Proteus vulgaris (3.1%).While the urine samples of infected doges showed the bacterial isolates of Escherichia coli (53.12 %) ,Staphylococcus aureus (28.1) , Proteus mirabilis (23.4%) , Klebsiella spp (18.7 %) , Proteus vulgaris alsoStaphylococcus saprophyticus (7.8 %), Staphylococcus epidermidis (6.2 %) , Micrococcus , Actenomycespyogens, Pseudomonas aerugenosa ( 3.1 %) . No significant differences were appeared at level P> 0.05between females and males or Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.The results of antibiotic sensitivity test to bacterial isolates from throat swabs were: E.coli have been showed asignificant differences at level P <0.05 among different antibiotics, the highest was amikacin and lowest wastetracycline.Actenomyces pyogens has been significant differences at level P <0.05 among different antibiotics, the highestwas amikacin, ampicillin,ciprofloxacin & the lowest was amoxicillin.Beta Heamolytic Streptococcus group D has been no significant differences at level P >0.05 among differentantibiotics.The results of antibiotic sensitivity test to bacterial isolates from urine samples showed: E.coli have beensignificant differences at level P <0.05 among different antibiotics, the highest was amikacin and augmantin butthe lowest was clarithromycin.S. aureus has been significant differences at level P <0.05 among different antibiotics, the highest were amikacin,cefotaxime & augmantin but the lowest was tetracycline.P.mirabilis has been significant differences at level P <0.05 among different antibiotics, the highest was amikacin,the lowest were ampicillin, clarithromycin, amoxicillin & tetracycline..
Effect of Hymenolipes nana infection on some blood parameters in some definitive host
Authors: Al.Awsy Hanan J. N.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Hymenolepis nana infection in some bloodparameters of some final host ( rats & mice ) by experimental infection of 15 rats and 48 mice . Theresults showed that the prepatant period between 12-14 days and the shape of eggs spherical & slightlyellipsoid in mean 40.92 X 35.96 microne & the numbers of eggs in feaces increased with the severityof the infection .The infection which effected on the blood parameters by decreasing the means of packed cell volume ,total white blood count , lymphocytes , while increased the means of neutrophils , monocytes ,eosinophils & basohpils in infected group
Comparative study to pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from infected caws Gentealia and the soil and determine its resistant to some antibiotics and its produce siderophors compounds
Authors: R.E AL-Shweely J. , H.J.K.‎ AL-Jawad
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to compare pseudomonas aeruginosa strains which obtained from the soil ofAL-Qadisiya governorate with the strains of cows infected by metritis in the vet hospital AL-Qadisiyafor (9) antibiotics ; Ciprofloxacin Erythromycin, Streptomycin, Gentamycin, Tetracyclin,Chloramphenical , Rifampicin, Nalidixic acid, Lincomycin, and ability of these strains to producesiderphores compounds. The results of the strains which loslated from pathological cases showed highratio of resistanace to most of antibiotics which used in the study except ciprofloxacin .where thestrains which loslated from the soil was resistance to tetracyclin and Lincomycin and showeddifferential degrees of sensitivity to others the ciprofloxacin came at first. the result of this study alsoshowed the strains from pathological caese could produce siderophorse compound where was all strainwhich lsolated from the soil of AL-Qadisiya give negative test for producing siderophores compounds
Effect of Body Condition and Supplementary Feeding on the Reproductive Performance of Awassi Ewes
Authors: Salman A. D.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) and supplementary feedingon the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes.One hundred sixty Awassi ewes aged 3-5 years (Average live weight 47.41±0.76) were used in acompletely randomized design. Six weeks before mating ewes were screened for their body conditionscore (BCS) and divided into two groups, low BCS (<2.0) and high BCS (>2.0) and ewes in each groupwere subdivided according to BCS and to non-supplemented and supplemented groups (n=40 ewes).Therefore, the four groups were:1. Group (LBCN) = Low Body Condition Non-supplemented.2. Group (LBCS) = Low Body Condition Supplemented.3. Group (HBCN) = High Body Condition Non-supplemented.4. Group (HBCS) = High Body Condition Supplemented.All ewes received ad libitum barley straw, and (350g DM/ewe/day) whole barley grains. The supplementedgroups (groups 2 and 4) were fed Mating Feed Blocks (MFB) ad libitum. Mature fertile Awassi rams(Three rams / group) were run with each group.The results showed that the pre-mating, mating, andpost-mating condition scores and body weights of the non-supplemented Ewes (Groups 1 and 3) aremaintained throughout the trial. Ewes offered supplementary feed the supplemented ewes (Groups 2and 4) gained in body condition score and weights, the differences were not significant. The BCS andweights at mating for supplemented groups are 2.12, 2.64 and 46.11, 53.38 kg for groups 2 and 4respectively. The results showed that the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes improved considerablydue initial BCS and MFB supplementation. The percent of ewes lambed after mating during the first andsecond estrus cycles were significantly (P<0.05) affected by ewes' initial BCS and MFB supplementation.The percent of ewes lambed in first cycle were 50%, 77%, 72.3% and 87% for groups LBCN, LBCS,HBCN and HBCS respectively. Supplementation of low BCS ewes resulted a significant (P<0.05)improvement in conception rate (17.5%) and lambing rate (12%). The results have not shown anysignificant of initial BCS and supplementation on twinning percentage. The percent of barren ewes at endof the trial was higher (20%, P<0.05) in LBCN compared
Effect of copper on soluble proteins and enzymes in freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha
Authors: Thaker Abid A.
Published: May 2021

Dreissena polymorpha mussel were collected from Al-Kadesia lake - Haditha /Al- Anbar Governorate-Iraq. The animals were exposed to 1, 2 and 4 mg copper/l of water for eight days. The soft tissue was analyzed for the effect of copper on total protein components and activity of six enzymes (using colorimetric and /or electrophoretic methods). Copper was found to cause (a) Change in the intensity of some esterase patterns and increase of total protein by increasing the exposure time to copper (b) Increase in the activity of the enzymes, Aspartate amino transaminase (AST) and Alanine amino transaminase (ALT), and decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) . (c) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH ) activity was decreased after exposure to the metal. These changes may be useful as an early indicator for water pollution with copper .
Pathogencity Study of the Chronic Toxicological Effects of Covered smut Wheat in Rats
Authors: Al-Jeburii Kefah Oda Salman
Published: May 2021

The aim of studyblood picture to know the effects of chronic toxicity of infected wheat added to ratios and fed for six months to one year to (20) rats of both sexes divided into two groups to study metabolic, blood chemistry and histopathological changes in organ and tissues .All these studies performed to evaluate the toxic effects and health hazard in human and animal that used the infected wheat whith fungal spores in food , results on blood and chemistry parameters such RBCs counts, Hb, PCV, WBCs showed decreased in the treated group . The biochemichal changes noticed reduction in ALT, AP , BUN as well as reduction in total serum protein and changes in albumin. The intensity of changes in these parameters were positively related to the changes in histopathology that noticed in liver, kidneys, lung and brain.