bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Residues of veterinary medicinal products and coccidiostats in eggs – causes, control and results of surveillance program in Poland
Authors: Piątkowska M. , Jedziniak P. , Żmudzki J.
Published: March 2013

The use of veterinary medicinal products in food producing animals for a variety of purposes causes that their residues may be presented in edible tissues. As a result, in concern of public health, European Union Countries establish each year monitoring plans and they control the levels of harmful substances in food of animal origin. This paper presents survey of residues of veterinary medicinal products and coccidiostats in eggs for Poland and European Union in years 2007-2010. Despite the decrease in reported non-compliant results for coccidiostats, the numbers were still higher than those for veterinary medicines. The most often determined coccidiostats were: nicarbazin, dinitrocarbanilide, salinomycin and lasalocid, and the most often reported non-compliant results for veterinary medicines were: antimicrobials, enrofloxacin and doxycycline.
Identification of An Antigenic and Potential Diagnostic Marker of Leishmania donovani Infection by Immunoblot Assay
Authors: Manandhar Krishna D
Published: March 2013

Leishmania donovani parasites from a sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) refractory patients of endemic region were cultured for extraction of crude soluble antigen and performed Western blot with sera from 138 subjects of different groups for diagnosis of Kala azar. The pretreated patients, however, frequently showed 18 bands of different molecular weight, the 85, 74, 63, 31, and 28 kDa were the major proteins against which more than 75% patients developed antibodies. The 74 kDa protein fraction band, which was consistently present in all the pretreated patients(n=35), completely waned out or found in state of virtually absent gloomy band in the six-month follow up patients (n=24). Furthermore, the band was absent in 91% of healthy controls from endemic population(n=33) and was absolutely absent in non-endemic(n=13) and other diseased(n=19) subjects. Although the band was present in 86% of Day 31 subjects(n=14), the average integrated density value (5110±634) of the paired samples was significantly less (p value, <0.0001) than that of Day 0 (11385±1230). The nature of the antigen showed its diagnostic and prognostic importance along with marker for kinetic recovery. Sensitivity and specificity of the protein were absolute in patients and non-endemic population, however, sensitivity was 94% in endemic population. Moreover, it did not show cross-reactivity to different disease groups. Hence, it could be a good diagnostic tool for Kala-azar disease.] Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 63-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7716
Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA Analysis for Genetic Characterization of Two Breeds of Dogs, German Shepherd and Japanese Spitz
Authors: Joshsi Jarina , Manandhar Lumanti , Shrestha Patima , Gupta Rani , Manadhar Rojlina , Shrestha Smita
Published: March 2013

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study genetic diversity in dog samples belonging to populations of German Shepherd and Japanese Spitz. A total of twelve samples were typed using eight RAPD primers. Out of eight primers, three primers gave result in six individuals of dogs. The phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor joining method based on Nei. Original measures revealed highest genetic identity found in German Shepherd as 0.9444 and highest genetic distance as 1.2809. The analysis predicts the number of polymorphic loci as 15 and the percentage of polymorphic loci as 83.3. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 73-78 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7717
Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils and Crude Extracts of Some Aromatic Plants Against Fusarium Rot of Trichosanthes dioica
Authors: Wagle Bina , Budathoki Usha
Published: March 2013

This experiment was conducted for assessing the antifungal activities of essential oils and crude extracts of some aromatic plants against Fusarium rot of Trichosanthes dioica was at the Central Department of Botany. Pathogenicity test was taken for the confirmation of disease by transferring the inoculum from pure culture. For the control of the above fungus essential oils and extracts of five aromatic plants Zanthoxylum armatum, Mentha arvensis, Amomum subulatum, Valeriana jatamansi and Cymbopogon flexuosus were used. Each oil and extracts were diluted in different concentration in 80% acetone and in distilled water respectively. The value of minimum inhibitory concentration and percentage of mycelia growth inhibition of oil and extracts were obtained as, oil of C. flexuosus showed the higest fungitoxicity (100%) at the 5.0 and 50 ?lml-1 concentration followed by Z. armatum, M. arvensis, A. subulatum and V. jatamansi were found to be 10 and 100 ?lml-1 respectively also the higest percentage of mycelial growth inhibitors were found to be C. flexuosus followed by A. subulatum, Z. armatum, M. arvensis and V. jatamansi . Similarly extracts of C. flexuosus followed by Z. armatum, A. subulatum, V. jatamansi and M .arvensis respectively. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 97-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7720
Biogas Production from Anaerobic Digestion of Different Biodegradable Materials
Authors: Sapkota Tika , Aryal Jagannath , Thapa Samir , Karki Amrit B
Published: March 2013

This study presents the feasibility of different biodegradable materials such as kitchen wastes, water hyacinth (Eichhornia sp.), green garden grass, banana (Musa acuminate) bases, Banmara (Eupatorium adenophorum) and cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) for biogas production. The experiment was conducted using 0.05 m3 anaerobic bioreactor of ARTI model compact biogas technology under ambient temperature condition in Kathmandu. The minimum and maximum temperature recorded during the study period (March 1 to July 1, 2009) was ranged from 10°C to 33°C. Total solid was found maximum (39.72 percent) in kitchen waste and minimum in cabbage leaves (8.36 percent). Volatile solid was more than 75 percent in all substrates. Organic matter ranged from 34.85 to 68.11 %. Similarly, C/N ratio was found maximum (22.57:1) in kitchen waste. Variations were observed in pH values. It was recorded between 5.7 and 6.8 in the first month but above 7 after second month of the plant installation. Burning of gas was detected after 42 days in cow dung, 52 days in water hyacinth, 80 days in kitchen waste and 70 days in banana base, Banmara, garden grass and cabbage leaves. Similarly, methane concentration after 105 days of plant installation was found to be 53 percent in cow dung, 48.8 percent in kitchen waste, 49.4 percent in water hyacinth, 24.5 percent in banana base, 38.5 percent in Banmara and 41.5 percent in garden grass. Total gas production in four months was found maximum in water hyacinth (45 l/kg TS) and minimum in cabbage (25.78 l/kg TS). The gas production in cow dung, Banana base, Banmara, garden grass and kitchen waste was therefore 41.12 l, 31.14 l, 34.02 l, 27.78 l and 32.12 l per kg of TS respectively. The purpose of designing this micro ARTI model plant was to test the feasibility of selected biodegradable materials for biogas production to be relevant in household level. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 123-128 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7724
Parasitic Diseases of Indigenous Community (Kumal) in Nepal
Authors: Gyawali P
Published: March 2013

Parasitic infection is common in indigenous community in low land of Nepal. Their life expectancy is well below in comparison to the other people. Kumal are disadvantaged group of people with low socio-economic condition. This study investigated helminthic infection in Kumal community in Gaidakot VDC, Chitwan district people. In this study 17% of total population of Kumal was selected and helminth parasitic eggs and larvae were detected by floatation method. Half of the study population had at least one helminthic parasite in their body. Hookworm was the most common parasites with 30.87% followed by Ascaris, Hymenolepsis, Trichuris, Strongyloide and Taenia with 16.10%, 6.04%, 3.35%, 2.68% and 2.01% respectively. Fourty years and older population were highly affected by helminths in both sexes. Single, double and multiple parasitic eggs also were recorded in the study population. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 175-178 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7731
Genetic trends of some important dairy traits of crossbred cows at Baghabarighat milk shed area in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossen MS , Hossain SS , Bhuiyan AKFH , Hoque MA , Amin MR
Published: March 2013

Data on 3637 cows of seven genetic groups at Baghabarighat milk shed area during the period from 1991 to 2000 were analyzed. The genetic groups were Pabna Milking (PM) cows, ½PM×½ Sahiwal (PM×SL), ½PM×½Friesian (PM×FN), Australian Friesian Sahiwal (AFS), ½Sahiwal×¼PM×¼ Friesian [SL(PM×FN)], ½Friesian×¼PM×¼Sahiwal [FN(PM×SL)] and ½Friesian×¼Sahiwal×¼Jersey [FN(SL× JR)]. The purpose of this study was to estimate genetic trends of some dairy traits (birth weight, lactation yield, fat% and SNF %). The heritability values were estimated as 0.27±0.05 for birth weight, 0.45±0.03 for lactation yield, 0.37±0.04 for fat% and 0.46±0.01 for SNF %.  The genetic trends for the dairy traits were computed as average of breeding values using all data for cows born during 1991- 2000. It was observed that the genetic trend of birth weight of calves increased in PM×SL, PM×FN, AFS and FN(SL×JR) at the rate of 0.08, 0.10, 0.12 and 0.05 kg per year, respectively. The same for lactation yield of genetic group PM×FN, AFS, SL(PM×FN) and FN (SL×JR) rose up at the rate of 6.78, 5.20, 4.14 and 5.19 liters per year, respectively. The genetic group PM, PM×SL and PM×FN showed negative trend for fat % at the rate of 0.0005, 0.002 and 0.004% per year, respectively. But the same increased in AFS, SL(PM×FN), FN(PM×SL) and FN(SL×JR) at the rate of 0.002, 0.013, 0.011 and 0.004% per year, respectively. The genetic trend of SNF % in only one group showed negative trend in PM×SL at the rate of 0.01 % per year. On the contrary, PM, PM×FN, AFS, SL(PM×FN), FN(PM×SL) and FN (SL×JR) increased at the rate of 0.005, 0.010, 0.011, 0.0002, 0.014 and 0.003% per year, respectively. The high genetic variability of birth weight, lactation yield, fat and SNF% indicated that there are good opportunities for genetic improvement when including these traits in a selection scheme.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14103Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 67-73
Sire evaluation of milk producers co-operative union limited of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossen MS , Hossain SS , Bhuiyan AKFH , Hoque MA , Talukder MAS
Published: March 2013

Data on 3637 cows of seven genetic groups at Baghabarighat milk shed area, from 1991 to 2000 were analyzed. The genetic groups were Pabna Milking (PM) cows, ½PM×½ Sahiwal (PM×SL), ½PM×½Frisian (PM×FN), Australian Friesian Sahiwal (AFS), ½Sahiwal×¼PM×¼ Friesian [SL(PM×FN)], ½Friesian ×¼PM×¼Sahiwal [FN(PM×SL)] and ½Friesian×¼Sahiwal×¼ Jersey [FN(SL×JR)]. The purpose of this study was to predict breeding values (PBV) of dairy sires using individual daughters performance (birth weight, lactation yield, fat% and SNF%) records at Baghabarighat milk shed area. The heritability values were estimated as 0.27±0.05 for birth weight, 0.45±0.03 for lactation yield, 0.37±0.04 for fat% and 0.46±0.01 for SNF%. The high genetic variability of birth weight, lactation yield, fat and SNF% indicates that there is a great opportunity or genetic improvement when these traits are included in a selection scheme. The first 3 top sires were 24, 14 and 20 for birth weight; sire number 19, 36 and 23 for lactation yield; sire number 16, 11 and 26 for fat % and sire number 14, 19 and 16 for SNF% were ranked on the basis of PBV.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14104Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 74-78
Meat yield characteristics of three genotypes of ducks in coastal region of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam MA , Khan MJ , Debi MR , Rahman MM
Published: March 2013

A study was conducted to determine the meat yield characteristics of Khaki Campbell, Jinding and Deshi duck in two coastal locations of Barisal and Bhola districts of Bangladesh. Sixty day-old ducklings of three genotypes of duck were randomly allocated to 3 treatments having 4 replications in each genotype.  Ducklings are reared up to 150 days and at the end of experiment, one male duck of highest live weight was selected from each replication in the morning before feeding and dissected to determine the meat yield characteristics. Significant (p<0.01) differences were found between different genotypes in carcass weight and dressed weight of ducks. Significant (p<0.01) differences were also observed for weight of breast, thigh, leg, shank and drumstick weight as well as dressing percentage. Dressed weight and dressing percentage in Khaki Campbell was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of the Jinding and Deshi genotypes. Considering the parameters studied both Khaki Campbell and Jinding ducks may be suggested to rear in the coastal region of Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14121Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 79-82
Qualities of full-cream powdered milk of different brands available in retail markets of Bangladesh
Authors: Kajal MFI , Rashid MH , Uddin ME , Zaman MR
Published: March 2013

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the physical and microbiological qualities of whole powdered milk of six different brands (Kwality, NIDO, Diploma, Anchor, Farmland and Starship) available in retail market at Mymensingh town. Each brand was considered as treatment and three samples (replications) were taken for each brand. For this purpose, powdered milk samples were collected and analyzed to know the physical parameters mainly color, flavor, taste, solubility, appearance and specific gravity, and microbiological qualities such as total viable bacterial count and coliform count. In case of physical quality, all the six brands possessed the good quality grade and no significant difference was observed except that of specific gravity which varied significantly among the brands. Specific gravity was almost similar to the normal cow milk when the dried milk was reconstituted. Significant variations (p<o.o1) in total viable counts among different powdered milk brands was observed. No coliforms were detected which indicated that good sanitary measures were adopted during the manufacture and storage of the powdered milk samples. In conclusion, it can be said that all brands of powdered milk possessed the recommend suggested standard in terms of both physical and microbiological qualities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14125 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 106-111
Drought, Deluge and Declines: The Impact of Precipitation Extremes on Amphibians in a Changing Climate
Authors: Walls Susan , Barichivich William , Brown Mary
Published: March 2013

The Class Amphibia is one of the most severely impacted taxa in an on-going global biodiversity crisis. Because amphibian reproduction is tightly associated with the presence of water, climatic changes that affect water availability pose a particularly menacing threat to both aquatic and terrestrial-breeding amphibians. We explore the impacts that one facet of climate change—that of extreme variation in precipitation—may have on amphibians. This variation is manifested principally as increases in the incidence and severity of both drought and major storm events. We stress the need to consider not only total precipitation amounts but also the pattern and timing of rainfall events. Such rainfall “pulses” are likely to become increasingly more influential on amphibians, especially in relation to seasonal reproduction. Changes in reproductive phenology can strongly influence the outcome of competitive and predatory interactions, thus potentially altering community dynamics in assemblages of co-existing species. We present a conceptual model to illustrate possible landscape and metapopulation consequences of alternative climate change scenarios for pond-breeding amphibians, using the Mole Salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum, as an example. Although amphibians have evolved a variety of life history strategies that enable them to cope with environmental uncertainty, it is unclear whether adaptations can keep pace with the escalating rate of climate change. Climate change, especially in combination with other stressors, is a daunting challenge for the persistence of amphibians and, thus, the conservation of global biodiversity.
Vitamin D: Pharmacokinetics and Safety When Used in Conjunction with the Pharmaceutical Drugs Used in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kennedy Deborah , Cooley Kieran , Skidmore Becky , Fritz Heidi , Campbell Tara , Seely Dugald
Published: March 2013

Vitamin D has reported anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties modulated through gene transcription and non-genomic signaling cascades. The purpose of this review was to summarize the available research on interactions and pharmacokinetics between vitamin D and the pharmaceutical drugs used in patients with cancer. Hypercalcemia was the most frequently reported side effect that occurred in high dose calcitriol. The half-life of 25(OH)D3 and/or 1,25(OH)2D3 was found to be impacted by cimetidine; rosuvastatin; prednisone and possibly some chemotherapy drugs. No unusual adverse effects in cancer patients; beyond what is expected from high dose 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation, were revealed through this review. While sufficient evidence is lacking, supplementation with 1,25(OH)2D3 during chemotherapy appears to have a low risk of interaction. Further interactions with vitamin D3 have not been studied.
Entropy Principle and Galilean Relativity for Dense Gases, the General Solution without Approximations
Authors: Carrisi Maria , Montisci Stefania , Pennisi Sebastiano
Published: March 2013

The many moments model for dense gases and macromolecular fluids is considered here, where the upper order moment is chosen in accordance to the suggestions of the non-relativistic limit of the corresponding relativistic model. The solutions of the restrictions imposed by the entropy principle and that of Galilean relativity were, until now, obtained in the literature by using Taylor expansions around equilibrium and without proving convergence. Here, an exact solution without using expansions is found. The particular case with only 14 moments has already been treated in the literature in a completely different way. Here, it is proven that this particular closure is included in the presently more general one.
A Demonstration of Carbon-Assisted Water Electrolysis
Authors: Ewan Bruce , Adeniyi Olalekan
Published: March 2013

It is shown that carbon fuel cell technology can be combined with that of high temperature steam electrolysis by the incorporation of carbon fuel at the cell anode, with the resulting reduction of the required electrolysis voltage by around 1 V. The behaviour of the cell current density and applied voltage are shown to be connected with the threshold of electrolysis and the main features are compared with theoretical results from the literature. The advantage arises from the avoidance of efficiency losses associated with electricity generation using thermal cycles, as well as the natural separation of the carbon dioxide product stream for subsequent processing.
Li-Ion Battery Charging with a Buck-Boost Power Converter for a Solar Powered Battery Management System
Authors: Shiau Jaw-Kuen , Ma Chien-Wei
Published: March 2013

This paper analyzes and simulates the Li-ion battery charging process for a solar powered battery management system. The battery is charged using a non-inverting synchronous buck-boost DC/DC power converter. The system operates in buck, buck-boost, or boost mode, according to the supply voltage conditions from the solar panels. Rapid changes in atmospheric conditions or sunlight incident angle cause supply voltage variations. This study develops an electrochemical-based equivalent circuit model for a Li-ion battery. A dynamic model for the battery charging process is then constructed based on the Li-ion battery electrochemical model and the buck-boost power converter dynamic model. The battery charging process forms a system with multiple interconnections. Characteristics, including battery charging system stability margins for each individual operating mode, are analyzed and discussed. Because of supply voltage variation, the system can switch between buck, buck-boost, and boost modes. The system is modeled as a Markov jump system to evaluate the mean square stability of the system. The MATLAB based Simulink piecewise linear electric circuit simulation tool is used to verify the battery charging model.
Knowledge Discovery in Spectral Data by Means of Complex Networks
Authors: Zanin Massimiliano , Papo David , Solís José , Espinosa Juan , Frausto-Reyes Claudio , Anda Pascual , Sevilla-Escoboza Ricardo , Jaimes-Reategui Rider , Boccaletti Stefano , Menasalvas Ernestina , Sousa Pedro
Published: March 2013

In the last decade, complex networks have widely been applied to the study of many natural and man-made systems, and to the extraction of meaningful information from the interaction structures created by genes and proteins. Nevertheless, less attention has been devoted to metabonomics, due to the lack of a natural network representation of spectral data. Here we define a technique for reconstructing networks from spectral data sets, where nodes represent spectral bins, and pairs of them are connected when their intensities follow a pattern associated with a disease. The structural analysis of the resulting network can then be used to feed standard data-mining algorithms, for instance for the classification of new (unlabeled) subjects. Furthermore, we show how the structure of the network is resilient to the presence of external additive noise, and how it can be used to extract relevant knowledge about the development of the disease.
Gas-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) Based Metabolite Profiling Reveals Mannitol as a Major Storage Carbohydrate in the Coccolithophorid Alga Emiliania huxleyi
Authors: Obata Toshihiro , Schoenefeld Steffi , Krahnert Ina , Bergmann Susan , Scheffel André , Fernie Alisdair
Published: March 2013

Algae are divergent organisms having a wide variety of evolutional histories. Although most of them share photosynthetic activity, their pathways of primary carbon metabolism are rather diverse among species. Here we developed a method for gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) based metabolite profiling for the coccolithophorid alga Emiliania huxleyi, which is one of the most abundant microalgae in the ocean, in order to gain an overview of the pathway of primary metabolism within this alga. Following method optimization, twenty-six metabolites could be detected by this method. Whilst most proteogenic amino acids were detected, no peaks corresponding to malate and fumarate were found. The metabolite profile of E. huxleyi was, however, characterized by a prominent accumulation of mannitol reaching in excess of 14 nmol 106 cells−1. Similarly, the accumulation of the 13C label during short term H13CO3− feeding revealed a massive redistribution of label into mannitol as well as rapid but saturating label accumulation into glucose and several amino acids including aspartate, glycine and serine. These results provide support to previous work suggesting that this species adopts C3 photosynthesis and that mannitol functions as a carbon store in E. huxleyi.
Is There a Therapeutic Role for Selenium in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency?
Authors: Greene Catherine , Chhabra Roohi , McElvaney Noel
Published: March 2013

Selenium is an essential trace mineral of fundamental importance to human health. Much of its beneficial influence is attributed to its presence within selenoproteins, a group of proteins containing the rare amino acid selenocysteine. There are 25 known human selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases and selenoproteins. Selenoprotein S (SEPS1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident selenoprotein involved in the removal of misfolded proteins from the ER. SEPS1 expression can be induced by ER stress, an event that is associated with conformational disorders and occurs due to accumulation of misfolded proteins within the ER. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, also known as genetic emphysema, is a conformational disorder in which the roles of ER stress, SEPS1 and selenium have been investigated. SEPS1 can relieve ER stress in an in vitro model of AAT deficiency by reducing levels of active ATF6 and inhibiting grp78 promoter- and NFκB activity; some of these effects are enhanced in the presence of selenium supplementation. Other studies examining the molecular mechanisms by which selenium mediates its anti-inflammatory effects have identified a role for prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 in targeting NFκB and PPARγ. Together these ER stress-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties suggest a therapeutic potential for selenium supplementation in genetic emphysema.
A Real-Time Terahertz Time-Domain Polarization Analyzer with 80-MHz Repetition-Rate Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Watanabe Shinichi , Yasumatsu Naoya , Oguchi Kenichi , Takeda Masatoshi , Suzuki Takeshi , Tachizaki Takehiro
Published: March 2013

We have developed a real-time terahertz time-domain polarization analyzer by using 80-MHz repetition-rate femtosecond laser pulses. Our technique is based on the spinning electro-optic sensor method, which we recently proposed and demonstrated by using a regenerative amplifier laser system; here we improve the detection scheme in order to be able to use it with a femtosecond laser oscillator with laser pulses of a much higher repetition rate. This improvement brings great advantages for realizing broadband, compact and stable real-time terahertz time-domain polarization measurement systems for scientific and industrial applications.
Report of the First Peritoneal Dialysis Program in Guyana, South America
Authors: Altieri Maria , Jindal Tarun R. , Patel Mayur , Oliver David K. , Falta Edward M. , Elster Eric A. , Doyle Alden , Guy Stephen R. , Womble Arthur L. , Jindal Rahul M.
Published: March 2013

Introduction

In 2008, we initiated the first Guyanese comprehensive kidney replacement program, comprising hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), vascular access procedures, and living-donor kidney transplantation. The government of Guyana, US-based philanthropists, US-based physicians, and Guyanese caregivers teamed up to form a public–private partnership. This pilot program was free of cost to the patients.

Methods

From July 2010 to the time of writing, we placed 17 patients with end-stage kidney disease on PD, which was used as a bridge to living-donor kidney transplantation. During the same period, we placed 12 primary arteriovenous fistulae.

Results

The 17 patients who received a PD catheter had a mean age of 43.6 years and a mean follow-up of 5.3 months. In that group, 2 deaths occurred (from multi-organ failure) within 2 weeks of catheter placement, and 2 patients were switched to HD because of inadequate clearance. Technical issues were noted in 2 patients, and 3 patients developed peritonitis (treated with intravenous antibiotics). An exit- site abscess in 1 patient was drained under local anesthesia. The peritonitis rate was 0.36 episodes per patient–year. Of the 17 patients who received PD, 4 underwent living-donor kidney transplantation.

Conclusions

In Guyana, PD is a safe and cost-effective option; it may be equally suitable for similar developing countries. In Guyana, PD was used as a bridge to living-donor kidney transplantation. We have been able to sustain this program since 2008 by making incremental gains and nurturing the ongoing public– private partnership.
Influence of diffusion on space-charge-limited current measurements in organic semiconductors
Authors: Kirchartz Thomas
Published: March 2013

Numerical simulations of current–voltage curves in electron-only devices are used to discuss the influence of charged defects on the information derived from fitting space-charge-limited current models to the data. Charged, acceptor-like defects lead to barriers impeding the flow of electrons in electron-only devices and therefore lead to a reduced current that is similar to the situation where the device has a built-in voltage. This reduced current will lead to an underestimation of the mobilities and an overestimation of characteristic tail slopes if analytical equations are used to analyze the data. Correcting for the barrier created by the charged defects can, however, be a successful way to still be able to obtain reasonably accurate mobility values.
A Study on Elevator of Li-Ion Power Battery Formation Equipment
Authors: Han Liang , Xiao Feng , Hu Bin
Published: March 2013

As a new type of energy of large-capacity and high-power, li-ion power battery is widely used in many fields such as energy storage, uninterruptible power system, mobile communications, electric toys, etc. At present, traditional human-based detection methods are mainly adopted in the detection process of battery formation, which to some extent exerts pressure on the cost of human resources and management of lithium battery enterprise. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward an elevator scheme applied to formation detection line. The elevator is used to control the battery pack’s movement in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. The scheme reduces the labor intensity of detection work in the production line. The elevator system has been applied to formation detection lines now, and achieved good economic benefits.
3D Numerical Simulation on the Variable Swirl Intake Process of Diesel Engine
Authors: Fan Yu , Liu De Xin , Wang Li
Published: March 2013

To study the flow and swirl characteristics in the variable swirl intake system of a four-valve diesel engine, a numerical simulation with using the three dimensional CFD software AVL-FIRE, was calculated on the intake flow in three types of inlet of the engine. Two swirl-control valve plans are posed and a better plan was selected through the comparative study. The result shows that with a lager valve lift the flow characteristic of spiral inlet is better than that of tangential inlet, and in the opposite case the results are also opposite. The double inlets make the swirl torque increase. When a swirl-control valve is set in the spiral inlet, the variable swirl effect is better, and it ensures better flow capacity and larger swirl ratio range.
Study on Error Analysis of Parallel Machine Tool Based on Monte-Carlo Method
Authors: Zhao Jun Wei , Zhang Qin , Chen Guo Qiang
Published: March 2013

Aiming at the complexity of the parallel machine tool error assessment, the distance between the ball joints on the execution platform is considered as the constraint condition to establish the forward kinematic equation, and a mathematic model of space position and attitude errors is established. The paper proposes a method to the error analysis of the parallel machine tool based on Monte-Carlo simulation according to the structure characteristic, and gives a universal computation program. The feasibility of the method is verified by comparing with the traditional motion vector equation differential method in final.
Numerical Simulation and Improvement of Diesel Pneumatic Motor Inlet Duct
Authors: Liang Qian Chao , Ren Tie Jun , Lin Wen You
Published: March 2013

Because traditional method combined experiential design with steady flow and experiment, couldn’t get the ideal results. It was very necessary to adopt intelligent analytic methods studying three-dimension inlet duct characteristics of diesel pneumatic motor. This paper established the inlet duct model with Gambit and conducted numerical simulation with Fluent. The results explained that chamfer and linear was related with inlet duct efficiency. Results show that, larger inner, outer chamfer and good streamline can well enhance the efficiency of diesel pneumatic motor inlet duct, which provide important guidelines to inlet duct's optimal design and improvement.
Fractional Order Generalized Electro-Magneto-Thermo-Elasticity with Magnetic Monopoles and Geometrical Nonlinearity
Authors: Yu Ya Jun , Tian Xiao Geng
Published: March 2013

Recently, Youssef developed the fractional order generalized thermoelasticity (FOGTE) in the context of extended thermoelasticity (ETE). In this work, we extended the concept of fractional calculus into the temperature rate dependent thermoelasticity (TRDTE) and introduced the unified form of the two cases. Upon introducing the electromagnetic field with magnetic monopoles and considering the geometrical nonlinearity, we proposed a fractional order generalized electro-magneto- thermo-elasticity (FOGEMm-poleTEg-non) with magnetic monopoles (m-pole) and geometrical nonlinearity (g-non). To deal with multi-physics problems using numerical methods, we obtained a generalized variational theorem by using the semi-inverse method.
Effect of Stabilizing Fins on the Indexes of Ship Manoeuvrability
Authors: Yang Lin Jia , Yang Zuo Chang , Gao Xiao Ri , Tao Yi Han
Published: March 2013

Too much ship model examinations have been carried out for understanding the ship’s manoeuvrability. A little data of full-scale ship examinations can be obtained because it is difficult and expensive for researchers. In this paper, the zig-zag test was done by a training ship equipped with a lot of measure apparatus and fin stabilizer, and then the manoeuvrability indexes K and T was been calculated by the Nomoto method and test data, finally, the effect of fin stabilizer on the manoeuvrability of the ship was obtained relying on the analyzed results.
Research and Practice on the ‘Case-Run through Type’ Teaching Model of Machinery Manufacturing
Authors: Zhong Bing
Published: March 2013

To counter the current situation that undergraduate course teaching separates from the real enterprise producing, and the terrible capacity for work in the undergraduates trained by university, the paper is to explore the "Case-run through type" Teaching Model of Machinery Manufacturing. The model depends on a certain mechanical product, according to the production task to decompose and build a practice teaching system, then to design practice teaching content by the production technology process and sequence. By use of the model, the students can well understand the theoretical knowledge. And it further can help students stimulate the learning interest. Therefore, the students' operation skills and comprehensive ability were greatly improved. In the meantime, the teaching abilities of teachers were also improved.
Study on the Simulation of Radial Tire Vibration Noise
Authors: Tong Guang , Jin Xiao Xiong
Published: March 2013

This article takes the sizing 195/65R15 as an example and establishes a 3D tire FE model to simulate the tire in the steady rolling process through Pro/E and Abaqus software. The vibration accelerations of nodes were extracted from tire surface, which can be transferred into acoustic boundary conditions to calculate the tire vibration noise by acoustic finite element method and acoustic infinite element method. This paper provides a new method which calculates the tire vibration noise and predicts the tire noise characteristics in the conceptual design phase.
The Inverse Optimal Allocation Model of Manufacturing Resource for Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Enterprises in Grid Environment
Authors: Lin Ping , Zhang Xiang Bin
Published: March 2013

Almost each product is produced by more than one enterprise, so resource sharing and cooperation become more and more important. Small and medium-size manufacturing enterprises sometimes have not enough resources to complete the orders and they have to look for cooperators to meet the market demands. Inverse optimization model of linear programming is suitable for solving resource optimal allocation for small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in dynamic grid. This paper establishes an inverse optimization model of a linear programming for grid resources management. To meet market demand, conditional on optimal production and product portfolios, this model adjusts the parameters in resources optimal allocation, and reverses the process of optimization. This inverse optimal model helps the enterprise node to adjust its structure and the number of resources allocation to better meet market demand and maximize the interests according to its budget.
Improved K-Means Clustering Method Based on Complex Network for Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Pan Yang , Chen An Hua , Jiang Ling Li
Published: March 2013

According to the selection difficulties of initial clustering center of k-means clustering algorithm, this paper proposes a method that is to use complex network degree to improve k-means clustering algorithm for fault pattern recognition method, and to improve the accuracy of clustering. Use network to represent fault data structure, with joint connecting matrix to express similarity between nodes, according to the complex concepts of networks degree, calculate the size of every node degree, and select the maximum degree of node as k-means clustering initial center. This method is applied to the rolling bearing clustering diagnosis example, achieving good fault diagnosis effect. This study provides a new method for the selection of initial cluster centers of K-means clustering.
Power System Based on Multi-Agent Technology
Authors: Fan Xiao Zhou
Published: March 2013

Multi-agent technology combines the technology of computer, networking and distributed artificial intelligence together which is good at solving complex problems about large-scale distributed and open system. Multi-agent technology provides new ways for power system studies. This paper aims at finding a way to rationally use the multi-agent technology to solve complex problems due to improper protection or slow even wrong actions in the large power system.
Design on Digital PWM Inverter Power Based on SA4828
Authors: Wang Xin Huan , Li Xue Juan , Wang Shuo
Published: March 2013

The design scheme of three-phase inverter power which was combined with AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer and three-phase IC chip SA4828 was given in this article and the main power circuit, control circuit, isolation, driven circuit and the software flow chart were introduced. The whole system adopted SA4828 to generate the sine pulse width modulation signal (SPWM), which simplified control circuit, reduced costs and improved the system reliability. At the same time, the interface between SA4828 and single-chip microcomputer was simple and convenient, moreover, the program of SA4828 was simple and the SPWM signal was digital, especially when the output frequency and amplitude remained unchanged, the single-chip microcomputer needn’t intervene in SA4828, which saved computer times and improved the speediness and real-timeliness.
Performance Characterization of the Novel Topology for High-Frequency Isolation Bi-Directional DC/DC Converter
Authors: Jing Peng Hui , Wang Cong , Wang Jun , Zhao Feng
Published: March 2013

A novel topology of high-frequency isolation bi-directional DC/DC converter used in high-Input low-output system was proposed, which has not only the advantages, such as enabling bidirectional power flow, ease of realizing soft-switching control, galvanic isolation, high reliability and so on, but also can be used in high-input voltage application and apparently decreases the stress of the switches, which reduces the cost of the converter, improves power density and the efficiency of the converter. According to the different work condition, two control strategies are analyzed in this paper: the traditional phase shifting control (TPC) and PWM plus phase shifting control (PPC), which further improves the overall efficiency of the converter. The MATLAB simulation has been done to verify the feasibility of the proposed DC/DC converter and accuracy of the criterion.
Parameters Optimization Design of Four-Switch Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter
Authors: Tan Xing Guo , Feng Gao Ming , Zhang Li , Cao Lei
Published: March 2013

The working capability and cost of four-switch three-phase (FSTP) shunt active power filter (APF) are determined by the parameter selection. Based on mathematical model of FSTP inverter, the effect of key parameters, such as dc-bus voltage level and capacitor voltage transform is analyzed. On account of ac output filter inductance, voltage and capacitance on dc side, output filter in the design of four-switch three-phase APF, this paper expounds the optimal selection approach of parameters, sets up simulation model in PSIM, correctness of the method is verified by simulation on the basis of analysis about law of effect.
Five Level Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Inverter Based on Repetitive and PI Control
Authors: Yang Hai Zhu , Yuan Song Zhen
Published: March 2013

Introducing a kind of bidirectional switch type five level inverter, and put forward the compound control scheme which repetitive control and PI adjustment are combined. This kind of control mode can enables the system has excellent static and dynamic characteristics, to improve the inverter control precision. The results show that, the five-level inverter which using repetitive PI control, its output grid-connected current waveform stability, harmonic distortion rate is small, and can real-time tracking the network voltage.
Research on Temperature Field of Variable Frequency Motor
Authors: Wu Yao Hui , Liu Xiao Mei , Meng Xiu Feng , Zhao Hong Tu
Published: March 2013

To the problem of small induction motor that supplied by Variable frequency power temperature rise, according to the basic theory of heat transfer and using finite element analysis software, in the paper, it established a motor of two-dimensional transient temperature field model ,though the equivalent simplify of the structure and thermal conductivity, and the compare between the simulation of finite element software studies and the temperature experimental tests , It confirms the affect that variable frequency power on the motor temperature rise, and finds a simplified simulation of motor temperature field and parameters equivalent approach which do provide effective help to the design and use of the induction motor.
Study of Harmonic Suppression Method Based on the Class D Amplifier
Authors: Guo Yu , Li Wei
Published: March 2013

Class D power amplifier has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, high efficiency, large output power, and small distortion, therefore is applied widely in the audio power amplifier integrated circuit. But because of existing higher harmonic components, the total harmonic distortion (THD) is high. In this paper, for the characteristics of class D amplifier, a feed-forward control circuit is added to the amplifier output terminal, and a composite filter is used to inhibit output harmonics further. The simulation results show that, the method can reduce the system THD effectively and improve the performance of the amplifier.
Analysis of a Novel Isolated Input-Series and Output-Series Full-Bridge Bidirectional DC/DC Converter
Authors: Zhao Xiao Yu , Wang Cong , Yang Feng , Wang Su Ke
Published: March 2013

A novel topology of isolated input-series and output-series (ISOS) full-bridge bidirectional DC/DC converter is described in this paper for the application requirement of high input voltage and high output voltage, which can be used in the next generation medium and high voltage power conversion systems. The proposed novel isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter not only can apparently decrease the stress of the switches, but also have the advantages, such as galvanic isolation, ease of realizing soft-switching control, high power density, and so on. In this paper, working principle of the proposed DC/DC converter is discussed in detail, the corresponding equations are derived, and the soft switching implementation is discussed too. In the end, simulation is done through PSIM to certify the feasibility of the proposed DC/DC converter and accuracy of the criterion.
Flux and Speed Estimation Based on the Extended State Observer for Speed Sensorless Control of Indirect Field Oriented Induction Motor Drives
Authors: Wei Wen Xiang , Zhang Xiao Ping
Published: March 2013

A flux observer based on the extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for rotor flux estimation and speed identification of indirect field oriented induction motor drives system. The uncertain component including rotor resistance and speed in the stator current equation is extended to a new state, the ESO is then constructed. By the current estimate error, the uncertain component convergences to its actual value and the accurate rotor flux, speed and the rotor time constant are obtained. The accuracy of the ESO independent the rotor resistance and load torque variations, simulations under high and low speed show that the proposed method achieves prefect robust, and the validity and practicability is verified by simulation results.
The Self-Control Device Design of the High Tension Overhead Live Working Dor Accurate Pinpoint
Authors: Liu Bing Liang , Li Xue Jun , He Kuan Fang
Published: March 2013

With the enhancement dependency on electric energy, high voltage overhead live maintenance must be live working. Especially in 10KV and below distribution line, the line working gets into trouble for the influence of the topography, transportation or peripheral facilities. With respect to the situation, we developed an insulated, accurate and pole fixed platform, adjust the position through the automatic lifting and rotary control system, realize the flexible revolvement and lifting along the pole in charged area to carry out safe and convenient maintenance of the distribution line.
Application of Active Disturbance Rejection Cotroller in Sensorless Vector Control System of PMSM
Authors: Xue Shu Gong , Sun Xin Zhu
Published: March 2013

To improve the anti-disturbance capabilities of sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor PMSM), study on application of active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is put forward.The extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is proprosed to estimate the rotor speed and position of PMSM for the realization of sensorless control.The ADRC is introduced to the control of speed loop to improve the control performances. Simulation results show that extended kalman filter algorithm worked well,and the proposed control strategy is superior to conventional PI speed controller for its no overshoot, high estimation accuracy,stronger capacity of anti-load-torque- disturbance and etc.
The Hardware System Design of PMSM Controller Based on DSP2812
Authors: Zhu Jun , Li Wan Kui , Wang Hai Xing , Han Li Li
Published: March 2013

For the efficiency of PMSM, in the paper the matched controller was developed to improve the servo performance of permanent magnet synchronous servo system. According to the basic principle of vector control for PMSM, the hardware system of PMSM controller was constituted based on TMS320F2812, it contains power drive circuit, control circuit, feedback circuit and other auxiliary circuits. It can provide reference scheme for the design of PMSM controller, and laid the foundation for the industrial production of the PMSM controller.
Investigation of Thermomechanical Behaviors of Epoxy Shape Memory Polymers by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Yang H. , Zou K. , Liang X.Y.
Published: March 2013

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) possess the capability of shape frozen and recovery via thermomechanical processing. Over the last decades, great work has focused on their macro-properties. In order to have a better understanding of the micro-deformation mechanisms of this class of functional materials, the thermomechanical behaviors of three types of epoxy SMPs with varied curing agent contents were simulated by the molecular dynamics (MD) method. Special attention was paid on the different responses of the materials in the rubbery and glassy states. Moreover, structure-property analyses were presented.