bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of β-1-3-D-Glucan and Candida Mannan Biomarker Assays with Serological Tests for the Diagnosis of Candidemia
Authors: Eades Christopher P. , Bakri Ahmed Rafezzan Bin Ahmed , Lau Jeffrey C. Y. , Moore Caroline B. , Novak-Frazer Lilyann , Richardson Malcolm D. , Rautemaa-Richardson Riina
Published: August 2023

Invasive candidiasis, including bloodstream infection (candidemia), encompasses the most severe forms of Candida infection. Several species-specific and non-specific serological assays are commercially available to aid in diagnosis. This study compared the performance of five such biomarker assays. Serum samples from 14 patients with proven or probable invasive candidiasis, and from 10 control patients, were included in the analysis. A total of 50 serum samples were tested using C. albicans germ tube antibody (CAGTA) assay (Vircell), C. albicans IgM, C. albicans IgG and Candida mannan assays (Dynamiker Biotechnology). Among these samples, the β-1-3-D-glucan (BDG) assay (Fungitell), a laboratory standard for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis, was positive in 20 (40%), intermediate in five (10%) and negative in 25 (50%). In cases of proven or probable candidemia, the sensitivity and specificity of the BDG assay was 86% and 80%, respectively; the Candida mannan assay, 14% and 86%; the CAGTA test, 57% and 60%; the C. albicans IgM assay, 71% and 60%; and C. albicans IgG assay 29% and 90%. In 4/8 (50%) cases with multiple serum samples, C. albicans IgM was positive sooner than BDG. Thus, when used as a rule-out test for invasive candidiasis, our data suggest that the C. albicans IgM assay may assist antifungal stewardship (over serum BDG).
Phylogenetic and Morphological Evidence Reveal Five New Species of Boletes from Southern China
Authors: Zhou Fan , Gao Yang , Song Hai-Yan , Hu Hai-Jing , Yang Wen-Juan , Zhang Wei , Liao Li-Yu , Fang Yi , Cheng Lin , Hu Dian-Ming
Published: August 2023

Fungi of the order Boletales are extremely important in both ecology and economy, since most of them are ectomycorrhizal fungi, which play vital roles in maintaining forest ecosystems, water and soil protection, vegetation restoration and so on. Although previous studies have shown that this order has a very high species diversity in China, there are few reports on the species diversity of boletes in Jiangxi Province, China. Based on morphological (macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics) and phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, and TEF1-α sequences), in this study, the wild boletes in Jiangxi Province were investigated, and five new species are described: Austroboletus albus, Xanthoconium violaceipes, Xanthoconium violaceofuscum, Xerocomus rutilans and Xerocomus subsplendidus. Descriptions and hand drawings of the new species are presented.
Bony Regrowth and New Spur Formation as Possible Causes of Failed Distal Clavicle Excision—Mid-Term Outcomes after Revision Surgery in a Matched-Pair Analysis
Authors: Ostermann Roman C. , Eigenschink Martin , Heuberer Philipp R. , Siegert Paul , Muellbacher Willi , Anderl Lisa , Schrott Beate , Laky Brenda , Pauzenberger Leo , Anderl Werner
Published: August 2023

Background: Despite high rates of successful outcomes after open and arthroscopic distal clavicle excision (DCE) for symptomatic acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) degeneration, some patients present with persistent symptoms and disabilities after surgical intervention. This study aims to compare radiological, functional, and subjective outcomes of open revision surgery after failed arthroscopic DCE to primary successful arthroscopic DCE. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 10 patients who underwent open DCE revision were age- and gender-matched with 10 patients who did not require revision surgery after DCE. Radiographic evaluation included presence of acromioclavicular spurs and acromioclavicular joint distance. Functional and subjective outcomes were assessed using the CS, SSV, SST, VAS for pain, patient’s satisfaction, ASES and quick DASH score. Results: At the latest postoperative follow-up (case: 57.3 ± 19.2 months; control: 63.5 ± 16.3 months), spur formation was detected in twice as many cases in the revision group, while acromioclavicular distance showed no significant difference. However, a significant bony regrowth was noticed in the revision group between revision surgery and latest follow-up, with a decrease of the acromioclavicular distance from 9.2 ± 1.6 mm to 5.9 ± 4.6 mm (p = 0.026) and a development of new spur formations in 30% of cases. There were no significant differences in overall CS between the revision and control group (p = 0.174) at final follow-up, but the control group scored significantly higher in the CS subgroups pain (p = 0.012) and internal rotation (p = 0.016). Mean SSV was significantly lower in the revision (65.5 ± 22.3%) compared to the control group (85.9 ± 16.4%; p = 0.031). Conclusions: Bony regrowth at the distal clavicle presenting as postoperative AC-distance narrowing and new spur formation was observed more distinctly in the revision group. Despite a slight increase in postoperative outcomes after revision surgery, subjective satisfaction and recalcitrant pain remain a concern. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III, retrospective case-control study
How Do Firms Manage Their Foreign Exchange Exposure?
Authors: Hecht Andreas , Lampenius Niklas
Published: August 2023

We examine how firms manage their foreign exchange (FX) exposure using publicly reported data on FX exposure before and after hedging with corresponding hedging instruments. Based on calculated firm-, year-, and currency-specific hedge ratios, we find that about 80 (20) percent of FX firm exposure is managed using risk-decreasing (risk-increasing/risk-constant) strategies. Further, we find that prior hedging outcomes affect the management of current FX exposure, where the exposure is reduced and management adjusts the hedge ratio closer to its benchmark average hedge ratio following prior benchmark losses. When separately evaluating risk-decreasing and risk-increasing positions, we find that prior benchmark losses are only relevant for risk-increasing but not for risk-decreasing positions, i.e., hedging decisions are independent of prior benchmark losses if the intention is to reduce FX exposure.
Zoledronate-Induced Large Vessel Vasculitis Diagnosed by PET/CT
Authors: Shchekochikhin Dmitry , Vinogradskaya Olga , Bublik Evgeniia , Shmyreva Maria , Koroba Gregory , Farmanov Alexander , Aslanidis Irakliy , Pursanova Diana , Manukova Veronica , Zilov Alexey , Zhivov Alexey
Published: August 2023

Bisphosphonates remain a first-line treatment for osteoporosis. The most-widely used is zoledronate, which is well tolerated by most patients, but may rarely cause acute inflammatory reactions, which resemble those of large vessel vasculitis (LVV). We report a third case of LVV associated with zoledronic acid infusion, presenting with a 2-week history of fever up to 40 °C, flu-like symptoms, left jaw pain, myalgia, arthralgia, ankle stiffness in the morning, and intermittent claudication, diagnosed by the hybrid imaging modality 18F-FDG PET/CT with isolated lower extremity involvement and successfully treated with glucocorticoids.
From Kinases to Diseases: Investigating the Role of AMPK in Human Pathologies
Authors: Rey Verónica , Tamargo-Gómez Isaac
Published: August 2023

Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) is the major conserved regulator of cellular metabolism in eukaryotic cells, from yeast to mammals. Given its pivotal role, it is not surprising that alterations in its function may contribute to the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases. Indeed, AMPK has become a promising therapeutic target for several pathologies. In this context, significant efforts have been dedicated to discovering new pharmacological agents capable of activating AMPK based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and personalized medicine. Thanks to computational methodologies and high-throughput screening, the identification of small molecules and compounds with the potential to directly activate AMPK or modulate its intricate signaling network has become viable. However, the most widely used drug to activate AMPK in human patients is still metformin, which has shown promising results in the treatment of various diseases, such as type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and several types of cancer. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the involvement of AMPK in human pathology, emphasizing its significant potential as a therapeutic target.
The Spatial Association of Rural Human Settlement System Resilience with Land Use in Hunan Province, China, 2000–2020
Authors: Tang Lisha , Huang Yingqian , Jiang Yanfeng , Feng Dedong
Published: August 2023

In China, the rural human settlement system (RHSS) reflects the relationship between rural people and land but is affected by land use and land cover change (LUCC). Maintaining a harmonious development between RHSS resilience (RHSSR) and LUCC is an important rural development issue. However, the spatial association between LUCC and RHSSR remains unclear, constraining effective land use and rural policymaking. The association between RHSSR and LUCC was assessed from a spatial perspective. Using county-level spatial panel data for Hunan Province, China (2000–2020), an evaluation indicator system was established to measure RHSS and analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of RHSSR using a geospatial analysis and geodetector model. The average RHSSR level increased from 0.158 to 1.406. The RHSSR generally presented a three-level stepped spatial distribution feature of high in the east and low in the west, with a belt-like distribution. Additionally, the RHSSR was consistent with land use intensity (LUI), but there was significant spatial heterogeneity in the spatial relationship between LUI and RHSSR. The evolution of RHSSR occurred through industrial development, medical service improvement, increased income, and environmental protection. This has important implications for future rural development strategies, the sustainable development of rural land, and the integration of RHSS into regional planning.
Place Naming and Place Making: The Social Construction of Rural Landscape
Authors: Csurgó Bernadett , Horzsa Gergely , Kiss Márta , Megyesi Boldizsár , Szabolcsi Zsolt
Published: August 2023

A social constructivist approach has been applied in our case study analysis in order to explore the sense of place and the perception of landscape of local inhabitants. Fieldwork was carried out in three rural Hungarian microregions selected on the basis of a typology developed through statistical analysis. The central question of the study assumes that the way people name the place where they live is an expression of their sense of place and that it is related to their perceptions about narrower locality and also the general attitudes they have towards the rural or urban landscape. To prove this hypothesis, we examined, in three microregions, how people name their own living area, how they relate to the countryside and rural way of life, and how they describe their own locality in their own words (positive and negative aspects). Based on analyses, three different landscape perception types were outlined and were seen to be interconnected with three ways of place naming: (i) a “close-to-nature” perception in relation to geographical place names; (ii) a “cultural-historical” identification in connection with cultural names and (iii) “lifestyle-service” focused landscape perception linked to administrative place naming.
Construction and Optimization of an Ecological Network in Funiu Mountain Area Based on MSPA and MCR Models, China
Authors: Wang Zechen , Shi Zhenqin , Huo Jingeng , Zhu Wenbo , Yan Yanhui , Ding Na
Published: August 2023

Rapid urbanization has led to a significant expansion of urban space, causing ecological problems such as fragmentation, declining landscape connectivity, and decreasing biodiversity. There is an urgent need to mitigate the conflict between urban expansion and ecological environmental protection by constructing ecological networks to help promote sustainable regional development. This study selected the Funiu Mountain area as the study area. Morphological spatial pattern analysis, the minimal cumulative resistance model, and network index evaluation were used to construct an ecological network in the study area and conduct a comparative analysis with local nature reserves. The results showed: (1) nine ecological source sites were identified, concentrated in the central and northern regions, which had a high spatial overlap with local nature reserves; (2) 34 ecological corridors were extracted, which could effectively connect all ecological source sites as well as most nature reserves; (3) 32 ecological nodes were identified, of which 20 strategic points were scattered along ecological corridors, and 12 artificial environment points were scattered in low-lying areas around nature reserves; (4) the ecological network showed a structure of central concentration and peripheral dispersion. The structural evaluation of the network indicated that it had strong integrity.
In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Psoriasis Activity of Ficus carica Fruit Extracts via JAK-STAT Modulation
Authors: Lee Jeong Hwa , Lee Mi-Young
Published: August 2023

Psoriasis, a chronic and autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the skin, has been often underdiagnosed and underestimated despite its prevalence and considerable negative effects on the quality of life. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of Ficus carica fruit extract (FFE) was investigated against LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The in vitro results showed that FFE reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and iNOS expression. Moreover, FFE reduced the level of β-hexosaminidase released with histamine in allergic reactions. However, the MAPK and NFκB signaling molecules associated with the inflammatory response were not significantly regulated by FFE. In contrast, the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3 in the JAK–STAT signaling pathway was dramatically reduced by FFE treatment. Psoriasis-like skin lesions were induced in BALB/c mice using imiquimod (IMQ) to test the feasibility of FFE as a treatment for psoriasis. The efficacy of FFE was evaluated based on phenotypic and histological features. FFE was effective in relieving the symptoms of psoriasis-like skin lesions, such as erythema, dryness, scales, and thick epidermis. Notably, STAT3 modulation was also contributable to the in vivo ameliorative activity of FFE. Taken together, FFE with anti-psoriasis activity in vitro and in vivo through the JAK–STAT modulation could be developed as a therapeutic agent against psoriasis.
Co-Activation of Human Whole Blood Cells with Lipopolysaccharides and an Allergen
Authors: Zubova Svetlana V. , Kosyakova Ninel I. , Grachev Sergey V. , Prokhorenko Isabella R.
Published: August 2023

The investigation of common inflammation mechanisms caused by exogenic compounds of microbial origin and allergens is one of the most important tasks in current biomedical science. The main manifestations of immune cell activation caused by pro-inflammatory agents are changes in receptor quantity on the surface of immune cells and the production of cytokines and chemokines by blood cells. The levels of expression of TLR4, CD14, and CD11b in the monocytes and neutrophils of human whole blood in response to LPS E. coli, Der p 2 allergen, or their combination reflect different functional activities in these cells, while the composition and amount of produced cytokines reflect the biological activity of the studied agonists. The activity of Der p 2 allergen in ex vivo experiments on whole blood samples is significantly lower compared with its activity in vitro in isolated PBMC cells, which should be taken into account when transferring the results obtained for isolated cells to whole blood cells. LPS R. capsulatus PG significantly decreases the synthesis of MyD88-dependent NF-κB-regulated cytokines activated by LPS E. coli, Der p 2, or their combination. This indirectly indicates the general mechanisms of cell activation caused by these structures and the unified mechanism of the protective action of LPS R. capsulatus PG against both endotoxin and a combination of endotoxin and the allergen.
Bioinspired Polymers: Transformative Applications in Biomedicine and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Omidian Hossein , Wilson Renae L. , Babanejad Niloofar
Published: August 2023

Bioinspired polymers have emerged as a promising field in biomaterials research, offering innovative solutions for various applications in biomedical engineering. This manuscript provides an overview of the advancements and potential of bioinspired polymers in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biomedicine. The manuscript discusses their role in enhancing mechanical properties, mimicking the extracellular matrix, incorporating hydrophobic particles for self-healing abilities, and improving stability. Additionally, it explores their applications in antibacterial properties, optical and sensing applications, cancer therapy, and wound healing. The manuscript emphasizes the significance of bioinspired polymers in expanding biomedical applications, addressing healthcare challenges, and improving outcomes. By highlighting these achievements, this manuscript highlights the transformative impact of bioinspired polymers in biomedical engineering and sets the stage for further research and development in the field.
On the Numerical Modeling of Friction Hysteresis of Conformal Rough Contacts
Authors: Driesen Kristof , Castagne Sylvie , Lauwers Bert , Fauconnier Dieter
Published: August 2023

In this work, a numerical model simulating friction hysteresis for lubricated rough and textured surfaces in contact is presented. Friction hysteresis occurs in sliding contacts that are subjected to a non-constant (e.g., sinusoidal) motion. It refers to the phenomenon where the observed friction force during acceleration differs from that during deceleration. Besides the dynamics of the sliding system, a classic mixed friction model is adopted, in which the transient Reynolds equation for the description of the thin lubricant film is combined with a statistical Greenwood–Williamson model for the description of rough surface asperity contacts. The model enables the prediction of the friction hysteresis for predefined contact descriptions (i.e., surface profile and roughness, lubricant, etc.) and allows the study of the physics and parametric influences of dynamically sliding contacts. In this paper, it is shown that (i) friction hysteresis is captured by classic transient models for mixed lubrication; (ii) system parameters, such as roughness, applied load, viscosity and velocity, including the offset, amplitude and motion reversal, influence the shape and area of friction hysteresis; and (iii) the selection of the aforementioned parameters may minimize friction hysteresis.
Application of Machine Learning Models to the Analysis of Skid Resistance Data
Authors: Koné Aboubakar , Es-Sabar Ahmed , Do Minh-Tan
Published: August 2023

This paper evaluates the ability of some state-of-the-art Machine Learning models, namely SVM (support vector machines), DT (decision tree) and MLR (multiple linear regression), to predict pavement skid resistance. The study encompasses both regression and classification tasks. In the regression task, the aim is to predict the coefficient of friction values, while the classification task seeks to identify three classes of skid resistance: good, intermediate and bad. The dataset used in this work was gathered through an extensive test campaign that involved a fifth-wheel device to measure the coefficient of friction at different slip ratios on different road surfaces, vehicle speeds, tire tread depths and water depths. It was found that the RBF-SVM model, due to its ability to capture non-linear relationships between the features and the target for a relatively small dataset, is the most adapted tool compared with, on one side, MLR, linear SVM and DT models for the regression task and, on the other side, linear SVM and DT models for the classification task. The paper also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the investigated models based on the underlying physical phenomena related to skid resistance.
Diagnosis and Molecular Pathology of Lymphoblastic Leukemias and Lymphomas in the Era of Genomics and Precision Medicine: Historical Evolution and Current Concepts—Part 3: Mature Leukemias/Lymphomas
Authors: Kansal Rina
Published: August 2023

The diagnosis and treatment of lymphoid neoplasms have undergone a continuously progressive positive change in the last three decades, with accelerated progress in the previous decade due to the advent of genomics in cancer diagnosis. Significantly, there has been an increasing emphasis on integrating molecular genetics with clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic evaluation for diagnosis. As we think of moving forward with further advances in the genomics era, it is first helpful to understand our current state of knowledge and how we achieved it in the challenging and complex field of lymphoid neoplasms, which comprise very heterogeneous neoplastic diseases in children and adults, including clinically acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) arising from precursor lymphoid cells and clinically indolent and aggressive lymphomas arising from mature lymphoid cells. This work aims to provide an overview of the historical evolution and the current state of knowledge to anyone interested in the field of lymphoid neoplasms, including students, physicians, and researchers. Therefore, I discuss this complex topic in three review manuscripts, designated Parts 1–3. In Part 1, I explain the basis of the diagnostic classification of lymphoid neoplasms and its evolution up to the current fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of hematolymphoid neoplasms, and the crucial importance of diagnostic tumor classifications in achieving and advancing patient care and precision medicine. In the second and third manuscripts, I discuss current diagnostic considerations for B-ALL and T-ALL (Part 2) and common indolent and aggressive mature leukemias/lymphomas (Part 3), including significant updates in the WHO 2022 classification, newly described entities, and concepts, including genetic predisposition to ALLs and lymphomas, and throughout emphasizing the essential integration of molecular genetics with clinical, morphologic (pathologic), immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic evaluation, as is required for precise diagnosis of the type of lymphoma/leukemia in any patient.
The Influence of Filament Orientation on Tensile Stiffness in 3D Printed Structures—Numerical and Experimental Studies
Authors: Bartosiak Rafał , Kaźmierczyk Filip , Czapski Paweł
Published: August 2023

The present study provides a thorough analysis of the influence of filament orientation on the tensile stiffness of 3D-printed structures. This exploration employs a combination of numerical simulations and experimental trials, providing an extensive understanding of additive manufacturing, particularly 3D printing. This process involves layer-by-layer material deposition to produce three-dimensional objects. The examination specifically targets PLA-based 3D printed structures created using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology and subjects them to rigorous evaluations using a universal tensile testing machine. Additionally, this approach combines Representative Volume Element (RVE) and Classical Lamination Theory (CLT) techniques to extrapolate the mechanical properties of the test material. Although the initial methodology faces challenges in determining the shear modulus with precision, an in-depth investigation results in enhanced accuracy. Furthermore, this study introduces a parametric RVE numerical method, demonstrating its resilience in handling sensitivity to shear modulus. A comparative study of results derived from both the analytical methods and experimental trials involving five series of samples with varied layups reveals that the newly proposed numerical method shows a stronger correlation with the experimental outcomes, delivering a relative error margin of up to 8%.
Investigation on Thermal Barrier Coating Damages for Ultrafast Laser Drilling of Cooling Holes
Authors: Wang Shaojian , Hu Yue , Zuo Yangjie , Yang Zenan , Jiang Ruisong
Published: August 2023

To mitigate the challenges pertaining to coating damage and processing defects arising from the utilization of ultrafast laser drilling for microhole creation in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), thereby exerting substantial influence on the long-term durability of these microholes, the investigation proposes a comprehensive methodology. It encompasses the design of a two-factor four-level full factorial experiment and the execution of experimental research on picosecond laser drilling of TBC microholes. By meticulously analyzing the morphology of the microholes and the coating interface, the damage mechanisms associated with picosecond laser drilling of TBC microholes, as well as the influence of laser process parameters on coating damage, are revealed. The findings reveal that the optimal microhole entrance quality and the lowest roughness along the hole perimeter are attained at a laser power of 12 W and a scanning speed of 320 mm/s. Moreover, at a laser power of 30 W and a scanning speed of 320 mm/s, the minimal crack length on the blunt angle side of the hole and the highest machining quality are observed.
Influence of Material Degradation on Deformation of Paraglider during Flight
Authors: Maślanka Paulina , Szafrańska Halina , Aleksieiev Andrii , Korycki Ryszard , Kaziur Patrycja , Dąbrowska Anna
Published: August 2023

The aim of this article is to determine experimentally and numerically the influence of material degradation on the deformation of a paraglider during flight. The presented method regards numerical modeling of pressure distribution over the wing and its effect on paraglider behavior; the considerations are preceded by experiments on three types of Polyamide 6.6 paraglider fabrics, subjected and not subjected to thermal, UV and flexing degradation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) records allowed to determine the structural characteristics of the analyzed samples. Air permeability and mechanical tests are the input data for the computational simulations. When a pressure drop of 200 Pa is applied, all the analyzed samples are impermeable, except for those damaged by flexing. Thus, flexing damage has the greatest influence on the air permeability change among all considered aging factors. Aging caused by UV radiation has the greatest influence on mechanical properties. No major influence of thermal ageing on the mechanical properties of the considered samples is observed. Safety factors of the considered materials not subjected to degradation range between 3.94 and 6.00. Safety factor of fabric no. 1 subjected to the UV degradation is equal to 1.33; this result does not secure a safe usage of the considered material. The methodology described in this research can help to predict paraglider covering materials’ behavior in flight; it assumes many cases, i.e., applying a new material or the material at any point of its life cycle. Thus, the practical implications of this model supported by numerical methods may result in saving time and cost in producing prototypes, as well as potentially assessing the safety of used wings. Future research activity can introduce the application of different elastic–plastic damage models to determine the paraglider behavior during collapse.
Mechanical Design of a 2-PRR Parallel Manipulator for Gait Retraining System
Authors: Risk-Mora David Yamil , Durango-Idárraga Sebastián , Jiménez-Cortés Hendric Nicolás , Rodríguez-Sotelo José Luis
Published: August 2023

Robotic gait retraining systems typically function by employing mechanisms that move a patient’s lower limbs in a controlled manner. In this paper, an end-effector gait retraining system was designed, utilizing a 2-PRR mechanism (PRR refers to the structure of each robot’s limb, consisting of an active prismatic pair (P) and two passive rotational pairs (RR) pairs). The mechanism, which corresponds to a parallel robot, was synthesized through visual design tools (design atlases) to evaluate performance indices, such as the workspace size, local and global conditioning, and mechanism stiffness. Quasi-static force analyses were conducted to calculate worst-case scenario operational loads. These loads were then used to obtain a valid cross-section geometry that would withstand static stress, buckling failure, and fatigue failure.
Synergistic Effect of Physical Faults and Variable Inlet Guide Vane Drift on Gas Turbine Engine
Authors: Salilew Waleligne Molla , Gilani Syed Ihtsham , Lemma Tamiru Alemu , Fentaye Amare Desalegn , Kyprianidis Konstantinos G.
Published: August 2023

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of variable inlet guide vanes and physical faults on the performance of a three-shaft gas turbine engine operating at full load. By utilizing the input data provided by the engine manufacturer, the performance models for both the design point and off-design scenarios have been developed. To ensure the accuracy of our models, validation was conducted using the manufacturer’s data. Once the models were successfully validated, various degradation conditions, such as variable inlet guide vane drift, fouling, and erosion, were simulated. Three scenarios that cause gas turbine degradation have been considered and simulated: First, how would the variable inlet guide vane drift affect the gas turbine performance? Second, how would the combined effect of fouling and variable inlet guide vane drift cause the degradation of the engine performance? Third, how would the combined effect of erosion and variable inlet guide vane drift cause the degradation of the engine performance? The results revealed that up-VIGV drift, which is combined fouling and erosion, shows a small deviation because of offsetting the isentropic efficiency drop caused by fouling and erosion. It is clearly observed that fouling affects more upstream components, whereas erosion affects more downstream components. Furthermore, the deviation of performance and output parameters due to the combined faults has been discussed.
Design, Realization, and Test of Ultraviolet-C LED Arrays Suitable for Long-Lasting Irradiation of Biological Samples
Authors: Bollanti Sarah , Di Lazzaro Paolo , Flora Francesco , Gallerano Gian Piero , Mezi Luca , Murra Daniele , Aquilini Massimo
Published: August 2023

We present the electrical and optical design, assembling, and thorough experimental characterization of two compact arrays of short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV-C) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) suitable for near-field irradiation. Through a combination of technical expedients, we have achieved effective thermal management such that long-lasting irradiations are possible without appreciable deterioration of UV-C emission. We successfully used these compact UV-C LED arrays for long lasting irradiation tests aimed at generating the biosynthesis of defensive metabolites that enhance the resistance of plants and fruits to pathogen attacks. Finally, we comment on the possibility of implementing these compact UV-C sources on robotic systems to make an automated device suitable to reduce pesticide use in agricultural crops.
An Inhomogeneous Model for Laser Welding of Industrial Interest
Authors: Munafò Carmelo Filippo , Palumbo Annunziata , Versaci Mario
Published: August 2023

An innovative non-homogeneous dynamic model is presented for the recovery of temperature during the industrial laser welding process of Al-Si 5% alloy plates. It considers that, metallurgically, during welding, the alloy melts with the presence of solid/liquid phases until total melt is achieved, and afterwards it resolidifies with the reverse process. Further, a polynomial substitute thermal capacity of the alloy is chosen based on experimental evidence so that the volumetric solid-state fraction is identifiable. Moreover, to the usual radiative/convective boundary conditions, the contribution due to the positioning of the plates on the workbench is considered (endowing the model with Cauchy–Stefan–Boltzmann boundary conditions). Having verified the well-posedness of the problem, a Galerkin-FEM approach is implemented to recover the temperature maps, obtained by modeling the laser heat sources with formulations depending on the laser sliding speed. The results achieved show good adherence to the experimental evidence, opening up interesting future scenarios for technology transfer.
Hybrid GPU–CPU Efficient Implementation of a Parallel Numerical Algorithm for Solving the Cauchy Problem for a Nonlinear Differential Riccati Equation of Fractional Variable Order
Authors: Tverdyi Dmitrii , Parovik Roman
Published: August 2023

The numerical solution for fractional dynamics problems can create a high computational load, which makes it necessary to implement efficient algorithms for their solution. The main contribution to the computational load of such computations is created by heredity (memory), which is determined by the dependence of the current value of the solution function on previous values in the time interval. In terms of mathematics, the heredity here is described using a fractional differentiation operator in the Gerasimov–Caputo sense of variable order. As an example, we consider the Cauchy problem for the non-linear fractional Riccati equation with non-constant coefficients. An efficient parallel implementation algorithm has been proposed for the known sequential non-local explicit finite-difference numerical solution scheme. This implementation of the algorithm is a hybrid one, since it uses both GPU and CPU computational nodes. The program code of the parallel implementation of the algorithm is described in C and CUDA C languages, and is developed using OpenMP and CUDA hardware, as well as software architectures. This paper presents a study on the computational efficiency of the proposed parallel algorithm based on data from a series of computational experiments that were obtained using a computing server NVIDIA DGX STATION. The average computation time is analyzed in terms of the following: running time, acceleration, efficiency, and the cost of the algorithm. As a result, it is shown on test examples that the hybrid version of the numerical algorithm can give a significant performance increase of 3–5 times in comparison with both the sequential version of the algorithm and OpenMP implementation.
A Deficiency of the Predict-Then-Optimize Framework: Decreased Decision Quality with Increased Data Size
Authors: Wang Shuaian , Tian Xuecheng
Published: August 2023

This paper presents an analysis of the decision quality of the predict-then-optimize (PO) framework, an extensively used prescriptive analytics framework in uncertain optimization problems. Our primary aim is to investigate whether an increase in data size invariably leads to better decisions within the PO framework. We focus our analysis on two contextual stochastic optimization problems—one with a non-linear objective function and the other with a linear objective function—under the PO framework. The novelty of our work lies in uncovering a previously unknown relationship: the decision quality can deteriorate with increasing data size in the non-linear case and exhibit non-monotonic behavior in the linear case. These findings highlight a potential pitfall of the PO framework and constitute our main contribution to the field, offering invaluable insights for both researchers and practitioners.
A Bimodal Extension of the Log-Normal Distribution on the Real Line with an Application to DNA Microarray Data
Authors: Alfahad Mai F. , Ghitany Mohamed E. , Alothman Ahmad N. , Nadarajah Saralees
Published: August 2023

A bimodal double log-normal distribution on the real line is proposed using the random sign mixture transform. Its associated statistical inferences are derived. Its parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The performance of the estimators and the corresponding confidence intervals is checked by simulation studies. Application of the proposed distribution to a real data set from a DNA microarray is presented.
Task Scheduling Mechanism Based on Reinforcement Learning in Cloud Computing
Authors: Wang Yugui , Dong Shizhong , Fan Weibei
Published: August 2023

The explosive growth of users and applications in IoT environments has promoted the development of cloud computing. In the cloud computing environment, task scheduling plays a crucial role in optimizing resource utilization and improving overall performance. However, effective task scheduling remains a key challenge. Traditional task scheduling algorithms often rely on static heuristics or manual configuration, limiting their adaptability and efficiency. To overcome these limitations, there is increasing interest in applying reinforcement learning techniques for dynamic and intelligent task scheduling in cloud computing. How can reinforcement learning be applied to task scheduling in cloud computing? What are the benefits of using reinforcement learning-based methods compared to traditional scheduling mechanisms? How does reinforcement learning optimize resource allocation and improve overall efficiency? Addressing these questions, in this paper, we propose a Q-learning-based Multi-Task Scheduling Framework (QMTSF). This framework consists of two stages: First, tasks are dynamically allocated to suitable servers in the cloud environment based on the type of servers. Second, an improved Q-learning algorithm called UCB-based Q-Reinforcement Learning (UQRL) is used on each server to assign tasks to a Virtual Machine (VM). The agent makes intelligent decisions based on past experiences and interactions with the environment. In addition, the agent learns from rewards and punishments to formulate the optimal task allocation strategy and schedule tasks on different VMs. The goal is to minimize the total makespan and average processing time of tasks while ensuring task deadlines. We conducted simulation experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed mechanism compared to traditional scheduling methods such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), random, and Round-Robin (RR). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed QMTSF scheduling framework outperforms other scheduling mechanisms in terms of the makespan and average task processing time.
Advancements in Phase-Field Modeling for Fracture in Nonlinear Elastic Solids under Finite Deformations
Authors: Zhang Gang , Tang Cheng , Chen Peng , Long Gongbo , Cao Jiyin , Tang Shan
Published: August 2023

The prediction of failure mechanisms in nonlinear elastic materials holds significant importance in engineering applications. In recent years, the phase-field model has emerged as an effective approach for addressing fracture problems. Compared with other discontinuous fracture methods, the phase-field method allows for the easy simulation of complex fracture paths, including crack initiation, propagation, coalescence, and branching phenomena, through a scalar field known as the phase field. This method offers distinct advantages in tackling complex fracture problems in nonlinear elastic materials and exhibits substantial potential in material design and manufacturing. The current research has indicated that the energy distribution method employed in phase-field approaches significantly influences the simulated results of material fracture, such as crack initiation load, crack propagation path, crack branching, and so forth. This impact is particularly pronounced when simulating the fracture of nonlinear materials under finite deformation. Therefore, this review outlines various strain energy decomposition methods proposed by researchers for phase-field models of fracture in tension–compression symmetric nonlinear elastic materials. Additionally, the energy decomposition model for tension–compression asymmetric nonlinear elastic materials is also presented. Moreover, the fracture behavior of hydrogels is investigated through the application of the phase-field model with energy decomposition. In addition to summarizing the research on these types of nonlinear elastic body fractures, this review presents numerical benchmark examples from relevant studies to assess and validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the methods presented.
A Nine-Gene Expression Signature Distinguished a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Who Underwent Prolonged Periodic Fasting
Authors: Bossi Luca Emanuele , Palumbo Cassandra , Trojani Alessandra , Melluso Agostina , Di Camillo Barbara , Beghini Alessandro , Sarnataro Luca Maria , Cairoli Roberto
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the causes of continuous deep fluctuations in the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) in an untreated patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), who has had a favorable prognosis since the time of diagnosis. Up until now, the patient has voluntarily chosen to adopt a predominantly vegetarian and fruitarian diet, along with prolonged periods of total fasting (ranging from 4 to 39 days) each year. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, we decided to analyze the whole transcriptome profiling of peripheral blood (PB) CD19+ cells from the patient (#1) at different time-points vs. the same cells of five other untreated CLL patients who followed a varied diet. Consequently, the CLL patients were categorized as follows: the 1st group comprised patient #1 at 20 different time-points (16 time-points during nutrition and 4 time-points during fasting), whereas the 2nd group included only one time point for each of the patients (#2, #3, #4, #5, and #6) as they followed a varied diet. We performed microarray experiments using a powerful tool, the Affymetrix Human Clariom™ D Pico Assay, to generate high-fidelity biomarker signatures. Statistical analysis was employed to identify differentially expressed genes and to perform sample clustering. Results: The lymphocytosis trend in patient #1 showed recurring fluctuations since the time of diagnosis. Interestingly, we observed that approximately 4–6 weeks after the conclusion of fasting periods, the absolute lymphocyte count was reduced by about half. The gene expression profiling analysis revealed that nine genes were statistically differently expressed between the 1st group and the 2nd group. Specifically, IGLC3, RPS26, CHPT1, and PCDH9 were under expressed in the 1st group compared to the 2nd group of CLL patients. Conversely, IGHV3-43, IGKV3D-20, PLEKHA1, CYBB, and GABRB2 were over-expressed in the 1st group when compared to the 2nd group of CLL patients. Furthermore, clustering analysis validated that all the samples from patient #1 clustered together, showing clear separation from the samples of the other CLL patients. Conclusions: This study unveiled a small gene expression signature consisting of nine genes that distinguished an untreated CLL patient who followed prolonged periods of total fasting, maintaining a gradual growth trend of lymphocytosis, compared to five untreated CLL patients with a varied diet. Future investigations focusing on patient #1 could potentially shed light on the role of prolonged periodic fasting and the implication of this specific gene signature in sustaining the lymphocytosis trend and the favorable course of the disease.
The Effects of a Single Session of a Rhythmic Movement Program on Selected Biopsychological Parameters in PD Patients: A Methodological Approach
Authors: Karpodini Claire Chrysanthi , Tsatalas Themistoklis , Giannakopoulos Ioannis , Romare Mattias , Giakas Giannis , Tsaklis Panagiotis V. , Dinas Petros C. , Haas Aline Nogueira , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Angelopoulou Efthalia , Wyon Matthew A. , Koutedakis Yiannis
Published: August 2023

The aim of the present study is to examine the acute effects of a specially designed musicokinetic (MSK) program for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) on (a) anxiety levels, (b) select kinematic and kinetic parameters, and (c) frontal cortex hemodynamic responses, during gait initiation and steady-state walking. Methods: This is a blind cross-over randomized control trial (RCT) in which 13 volunteers with PD will attend a 45 min MSK program under the following conditions: (a) a synchronous learning format and (b) an asynchronous remote video-based format. Changes in gait biomechanics and frontal cortex hemodynamic responses will be examined using a 10-camera 3D motion analysis (Vicon T-series, Oxford, UK), and a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (f-NIRS-Portalite, Artinis NL) system, respectively, while anxiety levels will be evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Expected results: Guided by the rules of music, where periodicity is distinct, our specially designed MSK program may eventually be beneficial in improving motor difficulties and, hence, reducing anxiety. The combined implementation of f-NIRS in parallel with 3D gait analysis has yet to be evaluated in Parkinsonian patients following a MSK intervention. It is expected that the aforementioned intervention, through better rhythmicity, may improve the automatization of motor control, gait kinematics, and kinetics—supported by decreased frontal cortex hemodynamic activity—which may be linked to reduced anxiety levels.
Bridging the Gap between Basic Research and Clinical Practice: The Growing Role of Translational Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Bonanno Mirjam , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore
Published: August 2023

Translational neuroscience is intended as a holistic approach in the field of brain disorders, starting from the basic research of cerebral morphology and with the function of implementing it into clinical practice. This concept can be applied to the rehabilitation field to promote promising results that positively influence the patient’s quality of life. The last decades have seen great scientific and technological improvements in the field of neurorehabilitation. In this paper, we discuss the main issues related to translational neurorehabilitation, from basic research to current clinical practice, and we also suggest possible future scenarios.
Scale Design of Dual-Layer Polyphenylsulfone/Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone Hollow Fiber Membranes for Nanofiltration
Authors: Alam Javed , Shukla Arun Kumar , Arockiasamy Lawrence , Alhoshan Mansour
Published: August 2023

This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of dual-layer sulfonated polyphenylenesulfone (SPPSu) nanocomposite hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles through the phase inversion technique. Advanced tools and methods were employed to systematically evaluate the properties and performance of the newly developed membranes. The investigation primarily centered on the impact of TiO2 addition in the SPPSu inner layer on pure water permeability and salt rejection. The nanocomposite membranes exhibited a remarkable three-fold increase in pure water permeability, achieving a flux of 5.4 L/m2h.bar compared to pristine membranes. The addition of TiO2 also enhanced the mechanical properties, with an expected tensile strength increase from 2.4 to 3.9 MPa. An evaluation of salt rejection performance using a laboratory-scale filtration setup revealed a maximal rejection of 95% for Mg2SO4, indicating the effective separation capabilities of the modified dual-layer hollow fiber nanocomposite membranes for divalent ions. The successful synthesis and characterization of these membranes highlight their potential for nanofiltration processes, specifically in selectively separating divalent ions from aqueous solutions, owing to their improved pure water flux, mechanical strength, and salt rejection performance.