ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЛЕСОВОДСТВА
Authors: Желдак В.И. 
Published: February 2025

С использованием исторического системного метода рассматривается состояние лесоводства, кризисные явления реализации его разработок в практической деятельности (лесном хозяйства) в текущий исторический период первых десятилетий XXI в. Выделяются причины и риски наметившейся деградации лесоводства, утраты потенциала развития, подлежащие устранению, преодолению и нейтрализации. Обосновывается направление развития лесоводства на основании анализа тенденций и закономерностей исторических процессов в лесоводстве и потенциальной востребованности его разработок для решения обострившихся проблем содержания и использования лесов, предотвращения опасности ухудшения их состояния, связанных с изменением климата, других природных явлений, возрастающим антропогенным давлением на леса и окружающую природную среду. Оно основывается на создании адаптивных приоритетно-целевых систем лесоводственных мероприятий содержания и использования лесов.

Introduction. To solve the problems of preservation, maintenance and use of forests, which are becoming more acute in the first decades of our century, it is necessary to have an effective development of forestry, creation of new developments based on the implementation of internal potential and their relevance in practice. The goal of this research is to determine the state of forestry, prospects and conditions for its development for the effective maintenance, conservation, rational use of forests today and in the future. Methods and materials. The solution of the set tasks is based on general scientific methods of cognition of reality, natural and social historical processes, including the development of science. Using general and private methods of systemic priority-target forestry developed on this basis, forestry is considered as a certain historical social and natural phenomenon, its state and development opportunities. As the main research materials, the entire arsenal of theoretical, scientific, methodological and practical developments in forestry, which have historically accumulated and replenished in the process of research, are used. Results and discussion. Based on the analysis of changes in forestry during the known historical period in Russia and abroad, certain meaningful periods and patterns of forestry development are identified with an assessment of the accumulated scientific potential. Taking into account the revealed crisis phenomena, manifestation of possible negative consequences, as well as the identified risks of forestry degradation, direction of their overcoming by the development and implementation of a systematic approach in forestry was determined. Based on the existing development of priority-target systems of silvicultural activities and an assessment of the objective demand for mobile efficient silvicultural systems for the maintenance and conservation of forests in the face of climate change, other natural processes, increasing anthropogenic pressure on forests, the necessity for developing an adaptive priority-target systems of silvicultural activities is grounded. On this basis, the beginning of the next period of forestry development is forecasted (“Adaptive-priority-target forestry”). Key conclusions. The transition, with an account of predicted changes in natural processes to the advanced development and application of adaptive priority-target systems of silvicultural activities, will ensure the possibility of timely preparation (adaptation) of forest ecosystems to new conditions, increasing their sustainability and ensuring the continuous performance of ecological functions.