bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Futuristic Vigilance: Empowering Chipko Movement with Cyber-Savvy IoT to Safeguard Forests
Authors: Aryavalli Sriranga Narasimha Gandhi , Kumar G. Hemantha
Published: September 2023

The Chipko Drive is an emotional representation of peaceable protest and environmental embryonic in the 1970s in India, overcooked a worldwide perception for forest preservation. Orchestrated primarily by rural villagers, particularly women, the movement bravely isolated trees and forests from government-sanctioned cataloging. Despite its historic implication, the menace of unlawful deforestation still casts a serenade, hatched by an alleged land mafia that devastates biodiversity and forest-dependent societies. This research board is on a transformative mission to combat deforestation by introducing an innovative auto-survival model, inventively built upon the substance of the Internet of Things (IoT). With the acceptance of an interdisciplinary tactic, the study went into the unified combination of IoT technologies for real-time monitoring and analysis, empowering the forest department to investigate illegal logging with matchless care. At the heart of the study lies the scrupulous architecture of the IoT system, precisely manufactured through an engineering lens and invigorated with tough security measures. Guided by the Secure by Design thought process, this research investigates the security concerns and vulnerabilities, founding an unassailable citadel to protect forest capitals. Enlightening a novel route for forest conservation, this research foresees a future where technology and environmental stewardship blend, cultivating a supportable and thriving ecosystem. The proposed IoT-driven key stands as a witness to stanch hunt of data and innovation, issuing a resounding call for partnership and further autopsy. With this, it empowers global conservation actions to paragon and sustain our green heritage for cohorts to come.
 
Received: 4 August 2023 | Revised: 8 September 2023 | Accepted: 21 September 2023
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Sriranga Narasimha Gandhi Aryavalli: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Project administration; G. Hemantha Kumar: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.
Integrated Bioinformatics Approach Showed Linagliptin as Potential Drug for Prevention of Cardiac Arrest and Cancer
Authors: Dhabhai Bhanupriya , Dhakar Ramgopal , Ranga Vipin , Surolia Praveen , Menon Athira M. , Sharma Narendra Kumar , Dakal Tikam Chand , Lohar Darshan
Published: September 2023

The availability of Linagliptin as a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor for the management of type 2 diabetes in individuals has been a recent development. The primary aim of the present investigation is to gain insights into the biological, physiological, and pharmacological mechanisms of action of the substance, as well as its impact on the cellular structure of human organisms. In this study, a range of genomics approaches and in silico tools were employed, including PASS, SwissTargetPrediction, SwissADME, SEA, CLC-Pred, and DIGEP-Pred, to ascertain the physiochemical characteristics, pharmacokinetic attributes, biological targets, and biological activity of Linagliptin. Linagliptin is employed as a novel DPP4 inhibitor for the purpose of assisting those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in managing their body’s glycemic control. Nevertheless, our study revealed that Linagliptin has affinity for other molecular targets in humans, such as CHRM1, FAP, ALDH1A1, and PDE6D, thereby modulating their gene expression patterns. Prior studies have demonstrated that the administration of the medicine exerts an influence on renal and cardiovascular problems. Based on our research findings, we have developed a solid hypothesis that Linagliptin could potentially serve as an effective pharmaceutical intervention for the treatment of blood cancer and cardiac arrest.
 
Received: 31 July 2023 | Revised: 4 September 2023 | Accepted: 20 September 2023
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
The structures used in this study are openly available at https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Sürdürülebilir Bir Gazetecilik Mümkün mü?
Authors: BUDAK Emrah
Published: September 2023

ÖZ

İnsanlık tarih boyunca ekonomik, toplumsal ve çevresel alanda birçok kriz yaşamış, bu bunalımların aşılması için alınan önlemler sorunların çözülmesini sağlayamamıştır. Bu krizler toplumların, sağlıklı ve güvenli olarak sürdürülebilirliğini engellemekte, gezegenin geleceğini tehlikeye atabilmektedir. Hâl bu iken toplumun sürdürülebilir bir niteliğe kavuşmasında haber medyasına önemli görevler düşmektedir. Ancak haberciliğin, mevcut ekosistemde kendi sürdürülebilirlik sorunları ciddi boyutlara erişmiştir. Bu bağlamda, hem toplumun hem de gazeteciliğin sürdürülebilir kılınması için yeni bir habercilik anlayışı (sürdürülebilir gazetecilik) ortaya atılmıştır. Dolayısıyla çalışmada sürdürülebilir gazeteciliğin günümüz medya ekolojisi ve toplumsal düzen içerisinde ne denli mümkün olduğu alanyazın taraması yöntemi ile test edilmektedir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre gazetecilik, barındırdığı kusurları ile günümüz koşullarında sürdürülebilir bir boyuta ulaşamamış, yakın gelecekte de erişmesi zor görünmektedir. Habercilik pratiği, çevre dostu haber üretimi, çevre haberciliği ve gelir modelleri yaratma konusundaki eksikliklerin giderilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak sürdürülebilirlik adına yapılan çevresel, ekonomik ve habercilik pratiği alanındaki girişimlerin dikkate değer olduğunu dile getirmek gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sürdürülebilir gazetecilik, Gelir modelleri, Ticarileşme, Çevre haberciliği, Magazinelleşme
Animal Rescue Team (ART) Application
Authors: Siddhesh More  , Atharva Jadhav  , Abhijeet Mahajan  , Vedashree Bhat
Published: September 2023

"ART" is an innovative mobile phone software created to simplify the adoption and animal rescue procedure, ultimately altering the lives of both animals in need and caring people or families looking for companionship. This app uses technology to provide a seamless and effective platform for responsible pet adoption by bridging the gap between animal shelters, rescue groups, and future adopters. This entire project would involve the development of the app using Android Studio and Firebase
Poor/ Dysfunctional Parenting and Child maltreatment: A Review
Authors: Tahira Akhter
Published: September 2023

This paper intended to distinguish between poor parenting and child maltreatment to aware child welfare and public health policy makers of the need for differentiated responses. This paper reviews the literature on child maltreatment with respect to child outcomes, prevention and intervention and implication for policy. Child maltreatment which includes both child abuse and child neglect is a major problem throughout the world. This paper focuses on measuring the effects of child maltreatment and the present study is an effort to understand the child maltreatment and poor parenting and also takes into consideration the consequences and preventive measures of child maltreatment. This paper focuses on dysfunctional parenting style as an important component in dealing with child maltreatment and how poor parenting and its correlates are directly related with child’s mental stability and personality makeup. The data in this paper has been gathered by carrying out an extensive scrutiny of research work carried so far in this area. This paper broadens our vision as how poor parenting can be a very bad aspect of child maltreatment and how good parenting contributes to prevent child maltreatment
MORTALIDADE E INCIDÊNCIA POR TRANSTORNO MENTAL E COMPORTAMENTAL
Authors: Araripe Marcos Cordeiro , Leitão Francisco Naildo Cardoso , Jastrow Juliana Maria Bello , Bezerra Italla Maria Pinheiro , Araripe Saina Cristina Ferreira , Araripe Daniella Talita Ruppel , Morais Mauro José de Deus , Abreu Luiz Carlos de , Sousa Luiz Vinicius de Alcantara , Wajnsztejn Rubens
Published: September 2023

Introdução: Os distúrbios mentais e comportamentais causam alterações na capacidade cognitiva, nas emoções e nos comportamentos do indivíduo, sendo eles evidenciados em grande ocorrência de quadros clínicos em toda a sociedade, as quais afetam a todos independente de sexo, idade ou condições socioeconômicas. Essas perturbações, podem se apresentar de maneira suave até quadros graves e de incapacidade. Ocorrem em todo o mundo, com um impacto direto em países desenvolvidos e subdesenvolvidos, pronunciado impacto econômico, direto e indireto, nas populações, incluindo o custo dos serviços. Logo, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os transtornos mentais e comportamentais, descrevendo sua incidência e os fatores associados a este cenário. Materiais e Métodos: Esta é uma revisão sistemática de literatura realizada de acordo com as recomendações do Preferred Itens de relatório para revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises. Resultados: As buscas realizadas na National Library of Medicine (PubMed), na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), na Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), na Scietific Library Online (Scielo) e na Web of Science resultaram em 4.148 artigos, após aplicação de filtros.Após filtrar por títulos de leitura, um total de 22 artigos foram selecionados para a leitura do resumo. No final de coleção, 19 artigos foram selecionados. Discussão: Estudos revelam que os Transtornos Mentais e Comportamentais (TMC) provocam alterações de comportamento ou no funcionamento psíquico global. Podendo ser citados alguns tipos de distúrbios: depressão, alterações alimentares, uso abusivo de drogas e álcool. Evidenciou a importância de realizar um diagnóstico precoce e adequado tratamento para previsões mais seguras quanto ao desenvolver da doença, devido possíveis altos custos que podem surgir de forma direta e indiretamente. Houve predomínio de transtornos psiquiátricos em mulheres, o suicídio como o segundo fator responsável pela morte em mulheres. Tem-se maior prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade e de depressão em homens, associados no Brasil a quadros de baixa escolaridade e desempregos, culminando para comportamentos suicida entre os homens. Analisando o perfil da mortalidade por transtornos mentais e comportamentais, há ocorrência de maiores taxas de riscos para pessoas portadoras de um ou mais transtornos, sendo eles combinados ou não. Conclusão: Revela-se uma redução na ocorrência de mortalidade por transtornos mentais e comportamentais com o passar dos anos, busca ineficaz por parte dos pacientes no diagnóstico e tratamento, bem como, a baixa expectativa de vida que os portadores de transtornos.
EVOLUÇÃO DA MORTALIDADE POR CÂNCER DE PULMÃO E BRÔNQUIOS NO BRASIL NO PERÍODO DE 2010-2020
Authors: Oliveira Luciene Costa de , Proença Bianca Mesquita de , Moraes Rafael Leão de , Rodrigues Renan , Mota Paulo Gabriel da Silva , Araújo Claudinéia de , Silva Luciana Marques da
Published: September 2023

Introdução: O câncer de pulmão e brônquios, uma das principais neoplasias responsáveis por óbitos em todo o mundo, tem a sua incidência relacionada com o consumo direto e indireto dos produtos derivados do tabaco, sendo a gravidade da doença diretamente associada com a carga tabágica do indivíduo. Objetivo: Identificar a taxa de mortalidade por câncer de pulmão e brônquios no Brasil, associando com a idade do óbito de forma a identificar as principais características associadas à letalidade por essa enfermidade. Métodos: Refere-se a um estudo retrospectivo, tendo como base o banco de dados a respeito da mortalidade por câncer de pulmão e brônquios nos anos de 2010-2020 no Brasil. Dados estes disponibilizados pelo SIM – Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, disponibilizados pelo DATASUS – Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Em se tratando de dados públicos, não houve a necessidade de aprovação do Comitê de ética em pesquisa (CEP).  Resultados e discussão: O ano de 2019 foi o ano com a maior taxa de óbitos pela doença, sendo que o parâmetro de letalidade vem aumentando ao longo dos últimos 10 anos. A população masculina é a mais afetada em detrimento da feminina, tendo em vista a média de óbitos de 15,09/100mil habitantes nos homens e 10,30/100mil habitantes nas mulheres, tal fato sendo explicada pela elevada carga tabágica consumida pelos homens. Em relação à faixa etária, os idosos entre 70-79 anos também são os mais afetados, tendo uma média de 105,23 óbitos/100mil habitantes. Esse achado por ser explicado pois além de terem um acúmulo excessivo de consumo do tabaco, muitas vezes os idosos acabam por serem diagnosticados com a doença em níveis avançados, o que diminui a sobrevida de forma direta. Conclusão: Constatou-se que o Ca de pulmão e brônquios, no período de estudo, foi a neoplasia com a maior taxa de óbitos entre os cânceres, sendo observado uma crescente em relação a taxa de letalidade nos últimos 10 anos. Dessa forma, deve-se incrementar cada vez mais as políticas públicas de desestimulação do consumo dos produtos derivados do tabaco, pois o consumo deste está se tornando cada vez mais frequente pelos adolescentes, o que em longo prazo trará mais prejuízos, principalmente, para o sistema público de saúde.
SÍNDROME DE KLEINE-LEVIN
Authors: Reckel Leandro de Oliveira , Coser João Antonio Cruz , Cezana Danylo Figueredo , Machado Lucas de Brito , Bicalho Filipe Flores , Morau Emilly , Silva Gabriela Bolzan e , Simões Isabella Gouvea , Oliveira Isabella Ferreira de , Novaes Liz Maria Cabral de
Published: September 2023

Introdução: A síndrome de Kleine-Levin (SKL) é uma condição neurológica rara que afeta principalmente adolescentes e jovens adultos. Caracteriza-se por episódios de sono excessivamente prolongados, alterações comportamentais e aumento do apetite. A causa exata dessa síndrome ainda é desconhecida, e o diagnóstico é baseado na observação dos sintomas clínicos característicos. Métodos: Pesquisadores conduziram revisões sistemáticas da literatura médica e analisaram estudos de caso e séries de casos publicados para investigar a síndrome de Kleine-Levin. Durante esse processo, foram identificados critérios diagnósticos e características clínicas comuns entre os pacientes afetados. Resultados: A análise revelou que a síndrome afeta predominantemente indivíduos masculinos. Durante os episódios agudos, os pacientes experimentam períodos de sono excessivo, cerca de 18 a 20 horas por dia. Além disso, manifestam sintomas como desorientação, confusão mental, dificuldade de concentração, alucinações, sensibilidade aumentada aos estímulos sensoriais, comportamentos compulsivos. Conclusões: A síndrome de Kleine-Levin é uma condição rara e complexa que afeta o sono, o comportamento e o apetite dos indivíduos afetados. Embora a causa exata ainda seja desconhecida, evidências apontam para possíveis influências genéticas e ambientais no seu desenvolvimento. O diagnóstico baseia-se na observação dos sintomas clínicos característicos, uma vez que não há exames específicos para confirmar a presença da síndrome. O tratamento visa controlar os sintomas e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes durante os episódios agudos.
Evaluasi Guru dalam Pembelajaran Kurikulum Al-Islam Kemuhammadiyahan dan Bahasa Arab (ISMUBA) di Sekolah
Authors: Riska Riska , Widodo Henro
Published: September 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat dan mengetahui evaluasi guru terhadap pembelajaran kurikulum Al-Islam Kemuhammadiyahan dan Bahasa Arab (ISMUBA) di Sekolah Amal Usaha Muhammadiyah SD Muhammadiyah 1 Palopo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian jenis kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Informan dipilih menggunakan  snowball sampling. Sedangkan Subjek pada penelitian ini berjumlah 4 informan sebagai guru ISMUBA. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Wawancara yang digunakan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan menggunakan wawancara tidak terstruktur agar memperoleh kedalam informasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dimulai dengan reduksi, penyajian dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil (1) penerapan kurikulum ISMUBA sudah berjalan dengan baik juga memudahkan proses pembuatan perangkat pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru-guru Al-Islam Kemuhammadiyahan dan Bahasa Arab, (2) pelaksanaan kurikulum ISMUBA adanya keterbatasan waktu belum maksimal dalam setiap mata pelajaran yang diajarkan kepada siswa, serta kurangnya pelatihan guru (pembekalan) dalam pelaksanaan kurikulum sehingga guru membutuhkan pelatihan lebih banyak terutama pemahaman dan metode pembelajaran ISMUBA, (3) kurangnya alat prasarana dan praga di di beberapa mata pelajaran sehingga kurang maksimal dalam memberikan praktek ataupun pengaplikasin nilai-nilai ISMUBA, (4) perlunya pelatihan lanjutan atau workshop kurikulum ISMUBA baik yang berkelanjutan ataupun terstruktur agar lebih mudah memahami dan mempraktekkan kepada siswa terkait kurikulum Al-Islam Kemuhammadiyahan dan Bahasa Arab.
Implementasi Pembelajaran IPS Berbasis Kearifan Lokal “Manurih Gatah” melalui Teori Belajar Humanistik bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Kharismawati Sukma Ayu
Published: September 2023

Kajian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi penerapan teori belajar humanistik dalam hubungannya dengan kearifan lokal, khususnya melalui pengenalan fungsi manurih gatah, sebagai sarana memanusiakan individu. Kemanjuran upaya pendidikan bergantung pada pemahaman peserta didik sehubungan dengan lingkungan dan identitas pribadi mereka. Dalam proses pembelajaran, siswa diharapkan secara bertahap mencapai aktualisasi diri secara cakap. Penelitian dilakukan di SDN Remo yang terletak di Desa Remo, Kecamatan Paramasan, Kabupaten Banjar. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan berbagai teknik pengumpulan data, termasuk observasi dan wawancara. Temuan studi menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teori belajar humanistik, ditambah dengan penggabungan kearifan lokal dalam proses pengajaran, dapat secara signifikan meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Pendekatan pembelajaran IPS yang memanfaatkan kearifan lokal sebagai sumber belajar terbukti dapat menumbuhkan pembelajaran kontekstual dan mengutamakan kemampuan memanfaatkan potensi kearifan lokal. Memasukkan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal ke dalam pembelajaran IPS diwujudkan dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai etika, moral, dan agama melalui keteladanan, nasihat, dan bimbingan. Hal ini dilengkapi dengan Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK) berbasis budaya sekolah.
Examples of Beginner Tasks of the Preprofessional Education Program According to the Original Method of Sergey Andriaka (the First Half-Year of Academic Drawing Training)
Authors: Andriaka S. N.
Published: September 2023

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Modeling the Demand-Supply Mismatch and Price Optimization of Natural Gas in Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Binta , Obansa S A J , Abdullahi Malanta Sabiu
Published: September 2023

Natural gas usage in Nigeria is increasing and capturing a higher percentage of the country’s energy mix. However, the demand is ever-increasing while supply is not able to feed domestic demand. The federal government has devised several strategies, policies, and regulations to ensure the market runs smoothly, but the lack of gas supply infrastructure and low gas prices among other factors remained a major issue. This study analyzes the demand-supply dynamics and price optimization of natural gas in Nigeria using the 2SLS. The study utilizes historical data and mathematical modeling techniques to identify the factors influencing the market, quantify the supply-demand mismatch, and develop an optimized pricing strategy. The research provides insights into the Nigerian natural gas market, offering policy recommendations to address the imbalance and optimize prices. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities in the natural gas sector in Nigeria.
Phytohormone synthesis for PDH activation and phytochemical screening for the treatment of endometriosis
Authors: Rishikesan Shanmugapriya , Parthiban BrindhaDevi
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Endometriosis is a challenging gynecological disorder that causes pelvic pain and infertility attributed to the prevalence of ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterine tract. Endometrial tissue can travel to other areas of the body for inexplicable reasons. There are, nevertheless, certain patterns. Endometriosis could be treated in several ways, based on characteristics such as age, fertility, symptom severity, and disease degree. All endometriosis medications are available as contraceptives, restricting their use to pregnant mothers or intending to get children. By comparing human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) derived from the pelvic peritoneum of women with endometriosis to HPMCs from women without endometriosis, the researchers found that HPMCs from women with endometriosis had reduced glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and improved lactate production. There is no treatment for endometriosis, even though various medications and management alternatives are available. The present study was carried out to find novel medications to treat endometriosis from medicinal plants which appear to be a promising endeavor.
 
Methods and Materials: Phytohormone and phytochemical screening were performed to study the medication options that could possibly treat endometriosis. Phytochemicals were determined using GC-MS.
 
Results: The phytohormone activity and phytochemical components of Mentha piperita, Curcuma longa, and Andrographis paniculata were identified using GC MS and FT-IR analysis. This initial data from the analytical methods will make it easier to perform follow-up research on finding bioactive ingredients, determining their efficacy through in vivo tests, and proving their safety and efficacy through clinical trials to treat endometriosis.
 
Conclusion: Gibberellin, a phytohormone obtained from natural sources, is supposed to improve PDH activity and hence inhibit PDK. The demand for more modern medicines to increase survival in such cases remains unmet. As a result, there is an increasing interest in using herbal therapy to treat endometriosis.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding breast cancer among the women in rural Karnataka, South India
Authors: Mainaz  , Guthigar Mohammed , R. Naik Poonam
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality next to cervical cancer among women in India. Annually 2,00,000 new cases of breast cancer are detected in India. Comparatively 60% of them are detected in an early stage.  The present study was undertaken to explore the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding breast cancer among women.
 
Materials and Methods: Three hundred and sixty women were selected through cluster sampling for the study. A pre-designed, pre-tested, and validated questionnaire comprising mixed types of structured and semi-structured questions was used to collect the information from women through one-to-one interviews.
 
Results: The majority of the selected women were between 36- 55 (64.4%) years of age and the majority (64.7%) of them were employed of whom 39.7% of them were beedi rollers.  Regarding knowledge of the symptoms of breast cancer, 60.6% did not know about the symptoms, and 68.3% did not know the detection methods. Most (85.3%) of the women were unaware of the practice of Breast Self- Examination.
 
Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate a low level of knowledge of breast cancer. The study findings suggest that the awareness programs on breast cancer and its detection methods may help women to improve their level of understanding, be more responsive towards the early identification of the symptoms of breast cancer and seek timely medical help.
Correlation of hepatic transaminases with cortisol levels in type 2 diabetes
Authors: S. S. Sujina , Chandran Vinod , Manjrekar Poornima , Marathe Aradhana , Pawar Neelam
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Aminotransferases are the markers of liver function and cortisol is the hyperglycemic stress hormone, both have been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis is known to control many functions of the liver. This study was aimed to evaluate the correlation of cortisol with hepatic transaminases; AST and ALT also with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c in type 2 diabetic patients. Also, the AST, ALT and cortisol levels of participants were compared based on their diabetic duration and gender.
 
Materials and Methods: This prospective study included patients with type 2 diabetes (n=89) with a mean diabetic duration of 7.66± 6.871 years, of which 66.3% were males and 33.7% were females. Data for the above parameters except cortisol were collected from the data management system of the central lab. Morning serum cortisol levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient and independent student’s t-test were applied to find correlation and comparison of AST, ALT and cortisol levels of participants based on their diabetic duration and gender respectively.
 
Results: The comparison based on diabetic duration shows significant differences (p<0.005) with AST while, not with ALT and cortisol. Also, they did not show a significant difference in either of the gender. Among hepatic transaminases, the probability of association of ALT with FBS levels and HbA1c levels was significant (p<0.05). However, though a positive trend is seen in the AST association, there is no strong correlation observed. Likewise, the association of serum cortisol levels, with AST, ALT and HbA1c was not significant but the probability of association was significant with FBS levels.
 
Conclusion: Findings from the present study suggest that liver transaminases are positively correlated with serum cortisol levels in type 2 diabetic patients.
Harnessing the power of plants: How nano-formulated plant-based compounds are revolutionizing pathogen treatment?
Authors: Kannan Suganya , Balakrishnan Jeyakumar , Sundaram Mohan
Published: September 2023

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health crisis that has led to an urgent need for new strategies to combat bacterial infections. One promising approach is the use of natural compounds derived from plants, which have shown potential in combating pathogens. However, the efficacy of plant-based compounds can be limited by their bioavailability and the difficulty of targeting specific pathogens. The development of nano vehicles that encapsulate plant-based compounds has provided a solution to these challenges. In this article, we provide an overview of the various mechanisms by which nano-formulated plant-based compounds combat pathogens, including disruption of cell membranes, inhibition of enzyme activity, interference with quorum sensing, oxidative stress, immunomodulation, and interference with biofilm formation. We also present case studies demonstrating the efficacy of nano-formulated plant-based compounds in treating various bacterial and fungal infections, including candidiasis, tuberculosis, periodontitis, acne, and urinary tract infections. Finally, we discuss promising areas for future research and development of nano-formulated plant-based compounds, including combination therapy, synergistic effects, personalized medicine, alternative to traditional antibiotics, environmental applications, novel delivery systems, and large-scale production.
Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of traditional plants for the inhibition of DNA gyrase
Authors: K. Rajakumari , Parthiban Brindha Devi , Rishikesan Shanmugapriya
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: DNA gyrase is a class of Type II Topoisomerases that plays an important role in bacterial viability. It is found in all bacteria and is involved in replication, repair, recombination, and DNA transcription. Negative supercoiling of bacterial DNA by DNA gyr B is essential in replication which further influences all the metabolic activities. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) is one of the pathogens that can modify its genome easily under multidrug resistance. In this study, the activity of medicinal compounds to inhibit DNA gyrB is explored. Plant species Solanum nigrum, Vitex negundo, and Euphorbia hirta were studied for the potential plant-based molecules. The compounds alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and terpenoids were considered to have high-potential targets. The study focuses on DNA gyrase as a target and shows insights into future drug development. The research focuses on the discovery of novel plant-based therapeutic compounds to target DNA gyrase B activity.
 
Methods and Materials: Phytochemical screening was performed to study the medication options that could inhibit DNA gyrB. Phytochemicals were determined using GC-MS.
 
Results: Utilizing GC MS and FT-IR analysis, the phytochemical constituents of Solanum nigrum, Vitex negundo, and Euphorbia hirta were discovered. It will be simpler to do a follow-up study on discovering bioactive compounds and evaluating their effectiveness in inhibiting DNA gyrB with the help of this preliminary data from the analytical procedures.
 
Conclusion: There are countless applications for the phytochemicals that medicinal plants produce. Staphylococcus aureus will be stopped by DNA gyrB inhibition. The study employs DNA gyrase as its target and provides information on potential therapeutic targets. The goal of the study is to identify innovative plant-based medicinal molecules that specifically target DNA gyrase B activity.
A two-year study on fine needle aspiration cytology of salivary gland lesions with cytohistologic correlation and application of the Milan system
Authors: S. Bhat Archana , Alisha Mathew
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a well-established and minimally invasive technique in the diagnosis and management of lesions of salivary gland. Literature shows a sensitivity of salivary gland cytopathology varying from 57% to 100% and a specificity varying from 90% to 100%. The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology was put forth with the idea of bringing out uniformity in reporting. Our study objectives were to classify all the lesions of salivary glands using the Milan system and to calculate the risk of malignancy for each Milan category with histology as the gold standard.
 
Methods and Materials: This was a two-year observational, retrospective study wherein the cases were categorised using the Milan system on cytology. Cytohistologic correlation was done wherever histopathologic follow-up was available and the risk of malignancy for each category was calculated with histology as gold standard.
 
Results: During the study period, 87 FNACs of salivary gland lesions were done. Of these, 54 cases had histopathologic follow-up. The category wise distribution of cases was as follows: 20.7%, 13.8%, 2.3%, 43.7%, 9.2%, 3.4%, and 6.9% for Milan category 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 5, and 6 respectively, and the risk of malignancy was 20%, 0, 0, 3.8%, 87%, 100%, and 100% respectively.
 
Conclusion: The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology is of great value in categorising lesions of salivary gland. This system helps cytopathologists and clinicians in better patient management as it guides in risk stratification and provides an idea of risk of malignancy.
Comparison of quality results between semi-autoanalyzer and autoanalyzer: A retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care center (Rural India)
Authors: G. Chandana , Fal Desai Nitin , Masood Ahmed Shareef Md
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: In India, the primary health centres, urban health centres and privatized small-scale laboratories use basic laboratory services like point of care testing (POCT) and quantitative results obtained from semi-auto analysers for diagnosis and treatment. Our objectives were to analyse biochemical parameters in the autoanalyzer and the semi-autoanalyzer and to compare the test performance of analysed biochemical parameters in the semi-autoanalyzer and autoanalyzer.
 
Materials and Methods: One hundred samples (10 patient samples and 90 internal quality control values), tested for 15 biochemical parameters were retrospectively studied. They were processed with the same reagent, methodology and environmental conditions in autoanalyzer Mindray BS 390 and semi-autoanalyzer KLS BA 200. Statistical analysis was carried out using independent student t test, Pearson correlation, Bias percent and Bland-Altman plot analysis
 
Results: Our study showed strong positive correlation for the 15 biochemical parameters between semi-autoanalyzer and autoanalyzer except for calcium, which showed moderate positive correlation (r=0.879). Bias % were all in acceptable limits except for SGOT and Albumin. Bland Altman analysis for ALP and Triglycerides also showed high variability between the two measurements with a mean difference of -6.23 and 4.48 respectively.
 
Conclusion: The test performance of biochemical parameters measured in the semi-auto analyser and fully automatic analyser were highly related and comparable, with a significant positive correlation. Semi-auto analysers could be an efficient alternative in peripheral setups to provide quality laboratory services. During the breakdown of any autoanalyzer, the semi-autoanalyzer acts as backup for analysing routine chemistry tests in some laboratories.
The antagonistic effect of Anabaena circinalis on some dermatophytes
Authors: H. A. Al-Khafaji Zainulabdeen
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Anabaena circinalis, a photosynthetic cyanobacterium belonging to the Gram-negative group, is widely distributed in freshwater ecosystems across the world. The scientific focus on A. circinalis primarily stems from its ability to produce numerous cyanotoxins, which have the potential to be hazardous. The objective of this study was to assess the antifungal efficacy of A. circinalis against the dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, with the aim of discovering a new antifungal agent.
 
Methodology: The identification of Anabaena circinalis in this study was conducted through the observation of its morphological characteristics. Molecular identification and confirmation of the algae was done using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, employing a specific set of primers targeting the PCbetaand PCalpha genes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed in identifying A. circinalis antifungal compounds. The ability of 70% ethanolic and methanolic extracts produced from A. circinalis to inhibit the dermatophyte fungi Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was tested by in vitro tests.
 
Results: The findings indicate that the hot ethanolic extract of Anabaena circinalis exhibited a significant inhibitory effect (100% inhibition) on the growth of dermatophyte fungi tested. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies identified several antifungal compounds in A. circinalis extracts, which included Hexadecen-1-ol, Phthalic acid, Octadecenoic acid, Octadecynoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Pentadecadien, Tetradecenal, and Octadecadien-1-ol.
 
Conclusion: Overall finding suggests hot ethanolic or methanolic extracts of Anabaena circinalis contain phyto components, which could be used as an antifungal agent in treating dermatophyte fungi-related infections.
Qualitative and in silico evaluation of phytochemical constituents of leaf, peel and bark extracts of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
Authors: B. Sridara Setty Poojitha , L.S. Hallur Raghavendra , S.M. Gopinath
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: The qualitative evaluation of phytochemicals is the most important consideration in the evaluation of phytochemicals as biomedicines. The present study deals with qualitative assessment of phytochemical components of leaf, peel and bark extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.).
 
Materials and Methods: The phytochemical components were biochemically qualitatively assessed and their profiles analyzed using TLC and HPLC techniques. Solvent extracts were prepared in methanol, chloroform, hexane, and water. The methanol leaf fraction was further subjected to LC-MS, FTIR and NMR. The identified compound in silico analyzed for inhibition towards topoisomerase I (1A36) and topoisomerase II (5GWK).
Results: Methanol recovered the highest amount of phytoconstituents, specifically 2.30 g (11.5%), 2.80 g (14%) and 3.20 g (16%) for leaves, peel and bark. The methanol extract of the leaf (LE), peel (PE) and bark (BE) showed two bands in the TLC profile. On HPLC analysis LE confirmed a purity of 82.49 % with an area of 24729443 24729443 and an RT of 2.129. The PE showed a purity of 98.93% with an area of 16074171 and an RT of 2.176. The BE confirmed 99.63% purity with a range of 35396516 and an RT of 2.168.
LC-MS, FTIR and NMR analysis identified the compound as Ethyl Heneicosanoate (EHO). In in silico analysis, EHO showed good binding affinity to topoisomerase I (1A36) and topoisomerase II (5GWK) with binding energies of -6.8 kcal/mol and -6.4 kcal/mol, respectively.
 
Conclusion: Our study suggested that EHO may have anticancer potential and could be further explored as an anticancer drug.
Levels of leptin, irisin, oxytocin and insulin in obese and normal weight Iraqi young men
Authors: Subhi Hammoud Alaa , I. Salman Maryam
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Obesity is a serious, life-threatening health condition that is prevalent in Iraq and the world as a whole. Since Leptin, irisin, oxytocin and insulin are proposed to play main roles in energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis, regulating body weight, reducing obesity and improving life expectancy so the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of these anti-obesity hormones plus insulin resistance
 
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 obese young men with a mean age of 29.95 years and fifty normal weight young men with a mean age of 28.44.
 
Results: In obese men, the mean leptin concentration was 24.08±9.91 ng/ml which was significantly higher               than in normal weight men 5.48 ng/ml. Serum irisin levels in obese men and normal weight were 8.9 ng/ml, 2.4 ng/ml respectively, and it was significantly higher in obese group in comparison to the normal weight group. The mean serum oxytocin concentration was significantly lower in obese group 6.41pg/ml in comparison to normal weight 29.55 pg/ml. Serum insulin levels in obese and normal weight were 19.55±5.56 and 3.64 micro lU/ml respectively and it was significantly higher in obese men. The mean fasting blood glucose concentration in obese men was 98.67mg/dl and it was significantly higher than in normal weight 84±9.85 mg/ml. Insulin resistance (HOMA IR) was significantly higher in obese men 6.6 than in normal weight 0.68.
 
Conclusion: Serum levels of leptin, irisin, insulin, and insulin resistance are higher in obese young men, while oxytocin levels were noticeably low. Our study also shows that obesity increases the likelihood of insulin resistance.
Association between SNP rs4986790 and COVID-19 infection severity among Baghdad patients
Authors: Fadil Jabber Marwa , Mohammed Khudhair Anfal
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is distinguished by the manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that play crucial roles in the innate immune system through their recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns in diverse microorganisms, including coronaviruses. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the plausible association between the TLR4 gene Asp299Gly polymorphism and the degree of infection severity among individuals who contracted COVID-19 in Baghdad, Iraq.  
 
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was carried out in Baghdad to investigate the Asp299Gly polymorphism within the TLR4 gene in a cohort of 90 patients diagnosed with Covid-19. Out of the total number of patients, 45 individuals exhibited symptoms indicative of a moderate infection, while the remaining 45 patients presented with a severe illness. The Asp299Gly polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
 
Results: Genotyping for the Asp299Gly polymorphism showed only one among the 90 (1.1%) Covid-19 patients tested to be positive. No significant association was seen between covid-19 severity and Asp299Gly (P = 0·31) polymorphism.
 
Conclusion: Our study found no association between SNP rs4986790 of TLR4 gene and COVID-19 severity among Covid-19 patients in Baghdad city.
The impact of serum and follicular fluid secreted frizzled-related protein-5 on ICSI outcome in Iraqi infertile women with different body mass index
Authors: Abdul Hussein Mohsin Hameedah , A. L. Mossa Hayder , Ali Jawad Mufeeda
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Adipose tissue adipokines and cytokines impede oocyte maturation and endometrial epithelial receptivity. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5), a novel antagonist adipokine secreted by adipocytes, may have anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing actions, but data is conflicting. This study examined serum and follicular fluid Sfrp5 levels in Iraqi infertile women with varying BMIs undergoing IVF/ICSI, as well as ICSI outcomes.
 
Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study comprised 90 infertile females aged 18–45 who underwent IVF/ICSI at the High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies Centre in Baghdad, Iraq. Participants received antagonist ovarian hyperstimulation. All individuals' blood fasting sugar, serum fasting insulin, serum, and follicular fluid SFRP5 were tested on oocyte retrieval day. HOMA-IR was computed. Oocyte maturity and embryo morphology were categorized. Serum B-hCG was measured 14 days after embryo transfer.
 
Results: A notable disparity was observed in the levels of serum and follicular Sfrp5, total oocyte count, mean metaphase II (MII), grade I, and pregnancy rate (p<0.05) among the participants categorized as normal weight, overweight, and obese. A notable disparity was observed in the average germinal vesicles (GV), grade III (GIII) embryos, and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05) among patients with varying body mass index (BMI) values. The study found a positive correlation between the levels of Sfrp5 in both serum and follicular fluid and the total count of oocytes, MII oocytes, grade I embryos, and pregnancy rate. However, there was a negative correlation between Sfrp5 levels and HOMA-IR, with statistical significance at p<0.05.
 
Conclusion: Increased BMI is associated with lower serum and follicular fluid Sfrp5, reduced total oocyte count, reduced metaphase II oocyte count, more germinal vesicle oocytes, reduced embryo quality and lower pregnancy rate. Serum and follicular fluid Sfrp5 levels are negatively correlated with HOMA-IR but positively associated with ICSI outcome.
Serum level of certain cytokines associated with psoriasis progression in Iraqi patients
Authors: Sami Mahdi Raffif , Ibrahim Salman Maryam , AlChalabi Rawaa
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Psoriasis is a skin ailment that typically affects the scalp, lower back, knees, elbows, and results in flaky skin patches. The purpose of this study was to compare cytokines, leptin, and adiponectin levels, as well as several physiological characteristics, in psoriasis patients with and without treatment to levels in healthy people in Iraq.
 
Materials and Methods: The study included 310 subjects, males and females aged (25-65) years. The patients were attending a dermatology consultant at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from all individuals. The Sandwich ELISA was used to estimate serum levels of IL-2, IL-8, IL-22, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, ADP and Leptin.
 
Results: Patients with psoriasis had considerably decreased lymphocyte and RBC counts while having significantly higher neutrophil, platelet, NLR, and PLR counts. WBC mean values in females and males among control groups were 7.16 ± 3.09x 103/µl and 8.6 ±3.62 x103/µl respectively. In psoriasis patients the WBC counts varied from 3.69 x103/µl to 12.8 x103/µl with a mean of 7.27  x 103/µl in female patients and from 6.47 x 103/µl to 13.62 x103/µl in males. Serum levels of cytokines, leptin and adiponectin were significantly higher in Group I patients, while in Group II it was almost like levels in the control group.
 
Conclusion: Smoking is a risk factor for psoriasis. Lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin levels are decreased in patients with psoriasis, while platelets and cytokines are elevated, signifying a relationship between these immunological parameters and development and severity of psoriasis disease.
Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of chloroform leaf extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius Engl
Authors: Parthiban Periyasamy , Saravanakumar Arthanari , Mohanraj Subramanian , Kavinkumar Chellamuthu , Sekar Abinayashree , Gowtham Arumugam , Sabari Somasundharam , Venkatachalam Nandhiya , Mutheeswaran Subramanian
Published: September 2023

Introduction and Aim: Antibacterial substances are abundant in medicinal herbs, which are used in many extremely effective traditional medical therapies. Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. a plant species, has a wide range of therapeutic uses for the handling of haemophilia, inflammation, illness, eye ailments, fever, diabetes and headache. The study's goal was to assess the antibacterial efficacy, in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties of the solvent-based extract of C. lancifolius leaf material.
 
Methodology: The investigation started in March 2023 and C. lancifolius leaves were collected in Tamil Nadu, India. To make the extracts, the maceration technique was employed. The phytochemical constitutions were identified by phytochemical test results. Using the agar diffusion method, the antibacterial capacity of C. lancifolius extracted from leaves was evaluated.
 
Results: At the concentration of 100 microgram/mL level of probability, Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus in addition to Bacillus cereus, respectively (18 and 21 mm) and Gram-negative microorganisms Escherichia coli combined with Klebsiella pneumoniae (23 and 20 mm) were considerably inhibited. Additionally, it has the strongest antifungal activity (20 mm) against Candida albicans. While the ethanol extract of the leaves significantly inhibited both Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli as well as the pneumonia-causing bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae (22 and 19 mm) and Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and the yeast Bacillus cereus (18 and 20 mm). 
 
Conclusion: When compared to normal ascorbic acid, which had an antioxidant activity of 87.96 percent, C. lncifolius extract with chloroform exhibited a substantial antioxidant activity of 62.96 percent inhibition. When compared to a larger dose of normal diclofenac (84.11 percent), the more potent quantity of C. lncifolius extract with chloroform significantly inhibited inflammation by 75.12 percent under similar circumstances. Because there are biologically active compounds in the herbal preparation, the current investigation found that C. lancifolius may be a good therapeutic candidate.