bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Studies Teachers’ Interactions with Second Generation Web-Based Educative Curriculum
Authors: Callahan Cory , Saye John , Brush Thomas
Published: April 2014

This paper advances a continuing line of research investigating the potential of web-based educative curriculum materials (ECMs) to facilitate teachers’ development of professional teaching knowledge (PTK). Our ECMs consisted of online lesson plans scaffolded with embedded digital resources to promote teacher understanding of a particular wise-practice pedagogy: problem-based historical inquiry (PBHI).

Our research question was: Can a 2nd generation of web-based ECMs encourage social studies teachers’ development of PTK for PBHI? Participants reacted positively to several educative scaffolds, especially videocases of experts modeling historical thinking. Evidence suggested that multiple experiences with planning and implementing instruction with our ECMs helped teachers recognize value in some of the materials’ underpinning concepts (e.g., scaffolding and inquiry-based instruction). However, planning instruction individually, the novelty of planning resources enhanced with digital resources, and certain contextual features of schooling such as inadequate focused time for planning seemed to frustrate the ECMs potential to promote teacher-learning. Here we suggest that ECMs function less effectively as stand-alone supports; however, employed in more formal contexts that feature collaboration, they may be able to provide valuable support for teachers’ professional development.
A high-elevation MIS 5 hydrologic record using mollusks and ostracodes from Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA
Authors: Sharpe Saxon E. , Bright Jordon
Published: April 2014

Sediments containing terrestrial and aquatic mollusks and ostracodes from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site (2705 m elevation) near Snowmass Village, Colorado, span ~130–87 ka (MIS 5e through 5b). The southeastern area of the site where taxa were recovered was a relatively fresh, shallow, well-vegetated wetland during MIS 5e through 5c time, approximately 2 m deep, with a total dissolved solids value of ~200–1000 mg L− 1. The wetland was seasonally or annually variable and groundwater discharged along the margins of the bounding moraine. Groundwater likely contributed solutes to the system and may have contributed 18O-enriched water. Based on stable isotopes from ostracode calcite (δ18OOST and δ13COST), seasonal evaporation occurred and the dissolved inorganic carbon pool was unexpectedly enriched in 13C. The mollusk and ostracode faunas changed little across the MIS 5e/5d/5c boundaries, whereas a distinct change in the ostracode fauna occurred between the deposition of Unit 11 and Unit 13, which corresponds in time to the MIS 5c/5b boundary, indicating some combination of increased surface and/or groundwater flow, a decrease in water temperature, and a freshening and a possible deepening of the wetland.
Eustatic control of late Quaternary sea-level change in the Arabian/Persian Gulf
Authors: Stevens Thomas , Jestico Matthew J. , Evans Graham , Kirkham Anthony
Published: April 2014

Accurate sea-level reconstruction is critical in understanding the drivers of coastal evolution. Inliers of shallow marine limestone and aeolianite are exposed as zeugen (carbonate-capped erosional remnants) on the southern coast of the Arabian/Persian Gulf. These have generally been accepted as evidence of a eustatically driven, last-interglacial relative sea-level highstand preceded by a penultimate glacial-age lowstand. Instead, recent optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating suggests a last glacial age for these deposits, requiring >100 m of uplift since the last glacial maximum in order to keep pace with eustatic sea-level rise and implying the need for a wholesale revision of tectonic, stratigraphic and sea-level histories of the Gulf. These two hypotheses have radically different implications for regional neotectonics and land–sea distribution histories. Here we test these hypotheses using OSL dating of the zeugen formations. These new ages are remarkably consistent with earlier interpretations of the formations being last interglacial or older in age, showing that tectonic movements are negligible and eustatic sea-level variations are responsible for local sea-level changes in the Gulf. The cause of the large age differences between recent studies is unclear, although it appears related to large differences in the measured accumulated dose in different OSL samples.
Influence of heterogeneity on second-kind self-similar solutions for viscous gravity currents
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Christov Ivan C. , Stone Howard A.
Published: April 2014

We report experimental, theoretical and numerical results on the effects of horizontal heterogeneities on the propagation of viscous gravity currents. We use two geometries to highlight these effects: (a) a horizontal channel (or crack) whose gap thickness varies as a power-law function of the streamwise coordinate; (b) a heterogeneous porous medium whose permeability and porosity have power-law variations. We demonstrate that two types of self-similar behaviours emerge as a result of horizontal heterogeneity: (a) a first-kind self-similar solution is found using dimensional analysis (scaling) for viscous gravity currents that propagate away from the origin (a point of zero permeability); (b) a second-kind self-similar solution is found using a phase-plane analysis for viscous gravity currents that propagate toward the origin. These theoretical predictions, obtained using the ideas of self-similar intermediate asymptotics, are compared with experimental results and numerical solutions of the governing partial differential equation developed under the lubrication approximation. All three results are found to be in good agreement.
The Rise and Fall of the World's Largest Wine Exporter—And Its Institutional Legacy
Authors: Meloni Giulia , Swinnen Johan
Published: April 2014

This paper analyzes the causes of the rise and the fall of the Algerian wine industry. It is hard to imagine in the twenty-first century global wine economy, but until about 50 years ago Algeria was the largest exporter of wine in the world—and by a wide margin. Between 1880 and 1930 Algerian wine production grew dramatically. Equally spectacular was the decline of Algerian wine production: today, Algeria produces and exports little wine. There was an important bidirectional impact between developments in the Algerian wine sector and French regulations. French regulations had a major impact on the Algerian wine industry, and the growth of the Algerian wine industry triggered the introduction of important wine regulations in France at the beginning of the twentieth century and during the 1930s. Important elements of these regulations are still present in European wine policy today. (JEL Classifications: K23, L51, N44, N54, Q13)
Strike, accident, risk, and counter-factuality: hidden meanings of the post-Soviet Russian news discourse of the 1990s via conceptual blending
Authors: PLESHAKOVA ANNA
Published: April 2014

abstract

Drawing upon Paul Chilton’s (2005) approach to manipulative discourse analysis, this paper looks into how the ideas of risk and blame, as shifted from Yeltsin and his team of ‘reformers’ in the pursuit of restoring Yeltsin’s political credibility, were propagated through the media news management during the presidential election of 1996. By applying the Conceptual Integration or Blending framework (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002) to a case study of the Russian news story about an airport strike, the paper reveals how the mass media was manipulated at an almost invisible level, which has not been explored so far. The paper argues that conceptual integration can be successfully used as a core cognitive linguistic research method for elucidating culturally specific and historically changing cognitive frames and analysis of counter-factuality in manipulative news discourse.
PLATO'S REFERENCE TO LAMACHUS
Authors: Smith Lucy M.
Published: April 2014

The only reference to the Athenian general Lamachus in the Platonic corpus is atLaches197c6 where Nicias compares Laches to him. In response to Laches' criticism that Nicias is embellishing himself with his words (κοσμεῖ τῷ λόγῳ,La.197c3), and trying to deny that those agreed to be courageous are indeed courageous, Nicias says:

Οὔκουν σέ γε, ὦ Λάχης, ἀλλὰ θάρρει‧ φημὶ γάρ σε εἶναι σοφόν, καὶ Λάμαχόν γε, εἴπερ ἐστὲ ἀνδρεῖοι, καὶ ἄλλους γε συχνοὺς Ἀθηναίων.     (La.197c6–8)
ΘϒΣΙΑ AND THEURGY: SACRIFICIAL THEORY IN FOURTH- AND FIFTH-CENTURY PLATONISM
Authors: Krulak Todd C.
Published: April 2014

The centrality of sacrifice in ancient life has elicited a steady stream of scholarship on the subject that continues unabated. Treatments of the ritual in the works of the philosophical authors of this period and, in particular, within Late Platonism are less prevalent. The occasional references to θυσία in modern studies tend to be chronologically front-loaded and to focus primarily on Porphyry of Tyre (c. 234c.e.–c. 305c.e.) and Iamblichus of Chalcis (third–fourth centuriesc.e.), two of the initial philosophers in the tradition. The official resurgence of the practice under the emperor Julian (reigned 360–3c.e.) in the wake of the limitations on and outright bans of the practice by Constantine and his sons, along with the brief explication of sacrifice by Julian's comrade, Sallustius, have also received some scholarly attention. The fortunes of the ritual in the Platonic Academy of fifth-century Athens have come under even less scrutiny. This essay seeks to make its own contribution to the study of sacrifice in Late Platonic philosophy.
THE BASTARD BOOK OF ARISTOTLE'S PHYSICS
Authors: Olshewsky Thomas M.
Published: April 2014

Philosophers who would do history of philosophy (which they must do in order not to impoverish themselves and the discipline they serve) must also occasionally do some philology. The meaning of the text interacts with the language in which it is spoken, and it is informed by it. One need not be a Whorfean to appreciate that there is no text without contexts, and one of the most important of these contexts is the language itself. To what extent the philologist must also become a palaeographer is a question seldom raised even among those who call themselves philologists. Taking our texts not only in written form, but in printed regularity, we tend to focus on the type of expression rather than the token, treating the latter as incidental, irrelevant and uninteresting. I want here to tell a tale of a text with attention to some palaeographic dimensions, hoping to open questions about their philological and philosophical worth. The palaeography may itself be superficial or amateurish, but if the point is well taken at this level, someone more expert may be able to unfold a richer tale.
POLYBIUS ON SPEECHES IN TIMAEUS: SYNTAX AND STRUCTURE IN HISTORIES 12.25A
Authors: Wiater N.
Published: April 2014

The most famous – and most discussed – ancient statement on speeches in historiography is probably Thucydides 1.22.1, but Polybius’ discussion of speeches in Timaeus in Book 12 of his Histories follows closely. Although Polybius’ criticism of Timaeus has been fruitfully studied from very different angles, the meaning and implications of many of his statements are still debated.
ALCAEUS OF MESSENE, PHILIP V AND THE COLOSSUS OF RHODES: A RE-EXAMINATION OFANTH. PAL.6.171
Authors: Jones Kenneth R.
Published: April 2014

Among the poems of the Greek Anthology is one (Anth. Pal.6.171) which purports to be the dedicatory inscription of the Colossus of Rhodes built to celebrate the Rhodians' successful resistance to the siege of their island by Demetrius Poliorcetes in the years 305–304b.c. It has long been assumed by scholars that this epigram represents the authentic dedicatory inscription carved on the base of the Colossus, which was completed in the 280s and stood for some sixty years before being destroyed by an earthquake that rocked the island of Rhodes in the 220s. There are, however, strong reasons to doubt the epigram's authenticity, some of which come from considerations of the poem itself and others which come from a comparison with a closely related epigram (Anth. Pal.9.518) composed by Alcaeus of Messene to celebrate Philip V's military successes during his Aegean campaign of 203–200. Verbal and thematic parallels between the two epigrams make a connection certain. It is the aim of the present study to re-examine the Rhodian epigram and its relation toAnth. Pal.9.518 in order to propose a new date for the former in the context of Rhodes' defeat of Philip V and the advent of Rome in the affairs of the states ringing the Aegean.
A METRICAL SCANDAL IN ENNIUS
Authors: Morgan Llewelyn
Published: April 2014

Ennius' Scipio is represented for us by three fragments explicitly attributed to the poem by our ancient sources, frr. 31, 32 and 33 Courtney (= var. 9–12, 13 and 14 Vahlen), along with a detail from the Suda s.v. Ἔννιος (Ε 1348, p. 2.285 Adler = fr. 29 Courtney = var. I Vahlen) asserting Homer's pre-eminence as a panegyrist (and Scipio's as a recipient of panegyric), which is echoed (and perhaps amplified) by Valerius Maximus (8.14.1).
CAESAR'S SISENNA
Authors: Krebs Christopher B.
Published: April 2014

Caesar'sCommentariihave hardly been studied within the historiographical tradition – probably because of their generic difference fromhistoriaand, more generally, alleged overall sparseness, famously and influentially compared to nudity. While their relationship to Greek historians has received some haphazard attention, their possible debt to antecedent Roman historians is an even less explored question – admittedly compounded by the fragmentary state of early republican historiography. In the following pages, however, I will suggest that there is ample evidence of Caesar's familiarity with, and even imitation of, theHistoriaeby Lucius Cornelius Sisenna.
INTRATEXT, DECLAMATION AND DRAMATIC ARGUMENT IN TACITUS'DIALOGUS DE ORATORIBUS
Authors: Van Den Berg Christopher S.
Published: April 2014

Tacitus'Dialogus de oratoribus(c. 100c.e.) may be the most perplexing of the extant Roman dialogues, quite possibly, of the entire Greco-Roman tradition. Despite advances in the rhetorical and literary appreciation of ancient dialogues, this text continues to elude understanding. Oddly, the difficulties stem neither from obscurities of subject matter and presentation nor from any anomalismvis-à-visthe norms of the genre. Six compelling speeches lucidly detail the value, history and development ofeloquentia(‘skilled speech’) from the perspective of the late first and early second centuriesc.e. They provide convincing accounts of rhetoric and its evolution: the social and political efficacy ofeloquentia(Marcus Aper's and Curiatius Maternus' prescriptions on how best to assert oneself with and against the powerful, and the famous yet notoriously tumultuous oratory of the Late Republic), evaluative categories for rhetoric, including the competing discourses that prized renown and canonical status (Vipstanus Messalla's praise of the ancients), or external and absolute aesthetic criteria; and lastly, exemplary instances (e.g. past luminaries) or suitable models for imitation (ancient and modern orators and poets). The richness of these diverse emphases, along with the complex and ambiguous reworking of literary forerunners, not to mention the open-endedness at the work's conclusion, all conspire against the expectation of a uniform message.
LATINDRAUCUS
Authors: Nikolaev Alexander
Published: April 2014

The rare Latin worddraucusis known almost exclusively from Martial. Older dictionaries and handbooks used to gloss the word as ‘sodomite’, until Housman showed thatdraucusis in fact ‘as innocent a word ascomoedus, and simply means one who performs feats of strength in public’. Thus, Mart. 7.67.5–6 concerns weightlifting:gravesque draucis|halteras facili rotat lacerto(‘and with effortless arm she rotates weights that would tax adraucus’), while 14.48 describesdrauciplaying hand-ball (harpastum):Haec rapit Antaei velox in pulvere draucus|grandia qui vano colla labore facit(‘These the swiftdraucus, who makes his neck big by futile toil, snatches in Antaeus’ dust').
INTERPRETING INSTABILITY: CONSIDERATIONS ON THELIVES OF THE TEN ORATORS
Authors: Martin Gunther
Published: April 2014

The text that has been preserved among Plutarch's writings under the title βίοι τῶν δέκα ῥητόρων (Lives of the Ten Orators, henceforthLTO) is, on the one hand, an invaluable and often the best source about the canonical Attic orators: it is, for example, our only source for the verdict against Antiphon after the oligarchic revolution of 411 and for Lycurgus’ state copy of the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. On the other hand, it is a shambles, containing dubious anecdotes, obvious factual mistakes, and blatant contradictions.
GALEN, DIVINATION AND THE STATUS OF MEDICINE
Authors: van Nuffelen Peter
Published: April 2014

Galen's stories about his successes in predicting the development of an illness belong to the best-known anecdotes drawn from his writings. Brilliant pieces of self-presentation, they set Galen apart from his peers, who tried to cover up their ignorance by levelling accusations of magic and divination against their superior colleague. These accusations are usually interpreted as very real threats, as Roman law punished illicit magic and divination. Pointing out that Galen sometimes likes to present himself as amantisand a prophet, others have suggested that the accusations against Galen and his own self-presentation indicate that the border line between medicine and religion was still fluid. Both approaches correctly draw attention to the social reality that the accusations betray: they suggest that Galen belongs to a group of healers of dubious standing that populated the empire and thus show that medicine did not have a monopoly on healing. Yet such a socio-historical approach may not be sufficient. For one thing, both explanations have their limitations. Regarding the former, it can be said that Augustus' prohibition of divination aimed at controlling prediction about the emperor and one can doubt that a widespread clampdown of all forms of divination ever was intended. A possible objection to the second view is that throughout hisoeuvreGalen emphasizes his medicine as a rational undertaking, even as a science (epistêmê). If one takes his self-presentation as amantisto be more than metaphorical and to indicate the not yet fully crystallized identity of medicine as a separate scientific discipline, then Galen's usual way of understanding his own craft as a ‘science’ is in need of explanation. Besides such possible objections, a different set of questions still needs to be asked: why precisely were accusations of practising magic and divination levelled against Galen and why do they recur so frequently in his writings? Why divination and not, say, poisoning?
PROCLUS ON HESIOD'S WORKS AND DAYS AND ‘DIDACTIC’ POETRY
Authors: van den Berg Robbert M.
Published: April 2014

In their introduction to the recent excellent volume Plato & Hesiod, the editors G.R. Boys-Stones and J.H. Haubold observe that when we think about the problematic relationship between Plato and the poets, we tend to narrow this down to that between Plato and Homer. Hesiod is practically ignored. Unjustly so, the editors argue. Hesiod provides a good opportunity to start thinking more broadly about Plato's interaction with poets and poetry, not in the least because the ‘second poet’ of Greece represents a different type of poetry from Homer's heroic epics, that of didactic poetry. What goes for Plato and Hesiod goes for Proclus and Hesiod. Proclus (a.d. 410/12–85), the productive head of the Neoplatonic school in Athens, took a great interest in poetry to which he was far more positively disposed than Plato had ever been. He wrote, for example, two lengthy treatises in reaction to Socrates' devastating criticism of poetry in the Republic as part of his commentary on that work in which he tries to keep the poets within the Platonic pale. This intriguing aspect of Proclus' thought has, as one might expect, not failed to attract scholarly attention. In Proclus' case too, however, discussions tend to concentrate on his attitude towards Homer (one need only think here of Robert Lamberton's stimulating book Homer the Theologian). To some extent this is only to be expected, since much of the discussion in the Commentary on the Republic centres on passages from Homer. Proclus did not, however, disregard Hesiod: we still possess his scholia on the Works and Days, now available in a recent edition by Patrizia Marzillo.
A NOTE ON LUCRETIUS, DE RERUM NATURA 3.361
Authors: Buglass Abigail
Published: April 2014

A conjecture made by Lambinus in 1565 proposes replacement of difficilest (present in the three authoritative manuscripts O, Q and V) at 3.361 with desiperest. Although commonly printed until the end of the nineteenth century (including in Lachmann's famous edition and Heinze's edition of Book 3, but excluding Wakefield's and Munro's), in the twentieth century the conjecture fell out of favour, both in editions of the entire De rerum natura (DRN) and of Book 3; the manuscript reading of difficilest has been kept by editors since 1900: Duff, Bailey, Martin, Kenney, Müller, Smith and Brown. But with this consensus there are problems, and there are several reasons for preferring Lambinus' conjecture.
OVID'S NEW MUSE:AMORES1.1
Authors: Turpin William
Published: April 2014

Amores1.1, as usually understood, ends in a way that seems a little flat: after an amusing account of how falling in love made him turn from epic to elegy, the poet concludes by ponderously invoking an elegiac muse. In this note I will argue that the ending is more entertaining, and more significant: the muse invoked in the last couplet, who is to inspire the poems to come, is none other than Corinna herself.
THE FINE ART OF HORSING AROUND: A NOTE ON WORDPLAY IN MESOMEDES’HYMN TO NEMESIS
Authors: Keith Thomas R.
Published: April 2014

I have deliberately left ζυγόν untranslated, for it is from this ambiguous noun that we will take our starting point. Two of the most prominent scholars to analyse this hymn have interpreted ζυγόν radically differently. According to Ewen Bowie in his survey of Antonine poetry, the word refers to the ‘balance’ or scales of justice with which Nemesis weighs men's fates. Tim Whitmarsh, on the other hand, believes that it refers to the ‘yoke’ of the chariot the goddess drives, and links the image to a wider leitmotif of deities as charioteers that he detects throughout Mesomedes’ hymnic poetry.
Comparison and Positive Solutions for Problems with the (p, q)-Laplacian and a Convection Term
Authors: Faria Luiz F. O. , Miyagaki Olímpio H. , Motreanu Dumitru
Published: April 2014

The aim of this paper is to prove the existence of a positive solution for a quasi-linear elliptic problem involving the (p, q)-Laplacian and a convection term, which means an expression that is not in the principal part and depends on the solution and its gradient. The solution is constructed through an approximating process based on gradient bounds and regularity up to the boundary. The positivity of the solution is shown by applying a new comparison principle, which is established here.
Quasilinear Problems Involving Changing-Sign Nonlinearities without an Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz-Type Condition
Authors: Iturriaga Leonelo , Souto Marco A. , Ubilla Pedro
Published: April 2014

In this paper quasilinear elliptic boundary value equations without an Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz growth condition are considered. Existence of a non-trivial solution result is established. For this, we show the existence of a Cerami sequence by using a variant of the mountain-pass theorem due to Schechter. The novelty here is that we may consider nonlinearities that satisfy a local p-superlinear condition and may change sign.
Lymnaea glabra: progressive increase in susceptibility toFasciola hepaticathrough successive generations of experimentally infected snails
Authors: Rondelaud D. , Teukeng F.F. Djuikwo , Vignoles P. , Dreyfuss G.
Published: April 2014

Experimental infections ofLymnaea glabra(two populations) withFasciola hepaticawere carried out during seven successive snail generations, to determine if prevalence and intensity of snail infection increased over time through descendants of snails already infected withF. hepatica. Controls were descendants coming from uninfected parents and infected according to the same protocol. No larval forms were found in the bodies of control snails coming from uninfected parents. In contrast, prevalence and intensity ofF. hepaticainfection in snails originating from infected parents progressively increased from the F2 or F3 to the F6 generation ofL. glabra. In another experiment carried out with the F7 generations ofL. glabraand a single generation ofGalba truncatula(as controls), the prevalence ofF. hepaticainfection and the total number of cercariae were lower inL. glabra(without significant differences between both populations). If the number of cercariae shed by infected snails was compared to overall cercarial production noted in snails containing cercariae but dying without emission, the percentage was greater inG. truncatula(69% instead of 52–54% inL. glabra). Even if most characteristics ofF. hepaticainfection were lower inL. glabra, prevalence and intensity of parasite infection increased with snail generation when tested snails came from infected parents. This mode of snail infection withF. hepaticasuggests an explanation for cases of fasciolosis occurring in cattle-breeding farms where paramphistomosis is lacking andG. truncatulais absent.
ON A FAMILY OF CONTRASTS FOR PARAMETRIC INFERENCE IN DEGENERATE ARCH MODELS
Authors: Truquet Lionel
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we introduce a family of contrasts for parametric inference in ARCH models the volatility of which exhibits some degeneracy. We focus specifically on ARCH processes with a linear volatility (called LARCH processes), for which the Gaussian quasi-likelihood estimator may be inconsistent. Our approach generalizes that of Beran and Schützner (2009) and gives an interesting alternative to the WLSE used by Francq and Zakoïan (2010) for an autoregressive process with LARCH errors. The family of contrasts is indexed by a single parameter that controls the smoothness of an approximated quasi-likelihood function. Under mild conditions, the resulting estimators are shown to be strongly consistent and asymptotically normal. The optimal asymptotic variance is also given. For LARCH processes, an atypical result is obtained: under assumptions, we show that the limiting distribution of the estimators can be arbitrarily close to a Gaussian distribution supported on a line. Extensions to multivariate processes are also discussed.
Executive Functions in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Young Adults: A Comparison between Self-report and Neuropsychological Test Results
Authors: Sølsnes Anne Elisabeth , Skranes Jon , Brubakk Ann-Mari , Løhaugen Gro C.C.
Published: April 2014

Executive functions are goal-directed control mechanisms that modulate the operation of other cognitive processes. Preterm born very-low-birth-weight (VLBW: birth weight<1500 grams) children have more problems with attention/executive function than their term born peers. The objective of this study is to examine if VLBW young adults had more self-reported attention/ executive problems and lower neuropsychological test results than controls. Furthermore, to investigate the relationship between self-reported attention/executive problems, general cognitive ability (IQ) and test results. Forty-two VLBW [mean birth weight 1237 (219) grams, and gestational age 29.3 (2.4) weeks] and 63 term born controls at age 19 years completed The BRIEF-A self-report of attention/executive functions in everyday life. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III was used to obtain IQ scores; subtests from Delis-Kaplan were used to assess attention/executive function. There were no differences between the VLBW young adults and controls on any of the BRIEF-A measures, but the VLBW subjects had lower scores on 8 of the 18 neuropsychological subtests (p<.01). Some correlations between BRIEF-A and the Stroop and TMT tests were found in the VLBW group. VLBW young adults do not report more problems regarding attention/executive function in daily life than controls despite lower results on several neuropsychological tests. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–10)
Comparison of anthropometric-based equations for estimation of body fat percentage in a normal-weight and overweight female cohort: validation via air-displacement plethysmography
Authors: Temple Derry , Denis Romain , Walsh Marianne C , Dicker Patrick , Byrne Annette T
Published: April 2014

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of the most commonly used anthropometric-based equations in the estimation of percentage body fat (%BF) in both normal-weight and overweight women using air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) as the criterion measure.

Design

A comparative study in which the equations of Durnin and Womersley (1974; DW) and Jackson, Pollock and Ward (1980) at three, four and seven sites (JPW3, JPW4 and JPW7) were validated against ADP in three groups. Group 1 included all participants, group 2 included participants with a BMI<25·0 kg/m2 and group 3 included participants with a BMI≥25·0 kg/m2.

Setting

Human Performance Laboratory, Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland.

Subjects

Forty-three female participants aged between 18 and 55 years.

Results

In all three groups, the %BF values estimated from the DW equation were closer to the criterion measure (i.e. ADP) than those estimated from the other equations. Of the three JPW equations, JPW3 provided the most accurate estimation of %BF when compared with ADP in all three groups.

Conclusion

In comparison to ADP, these findings suggest that the DW equation is the most accurate anthropometric method for the estimation of %BF in both normal-weight and overweight females.
Early stress and human behavioral development: emerging evolutionary perspectives
Authors: Del Giudice M.
Published: April 2014

Stress experienced early in life exerts a powerful, lasting influence on development. Converging empirical findings show that stressful experiences become deeply embedded in the child’s neurobiology, with an astonishing range of long-term effects on cognition, emotion, and behavior. In contrast with the prevailing view that such effects are the maladaptive outcomes of ‘toxic’ stress, adaptive models regard them as manifestations of evolved developmental plasticity. In this paper, I offer a brief introduction to adaptive models of early stress and human behavioral development, with emphasis on recent theoretical contributions and emerging concepts in the field. I begin by contrasting dysregulation models of early stress with their adaptive counterparts; I then introduce life history theory as a unifying framework, and review recent work on predictive adaptive responses (PARs) in human life history development. In particular, I discuss the distinction between forecasting the future state of the environment (external prediction) and forecasting the future state of the organism (internal prediction). Next, I present the adaptive calibration model, an integrative model of individual differences in stress responsivity based on life history concepts. I conclude by examining how maternal–fetal conflict may shape the physiology of prenatal stress and its adaptive and maladaptive effects on postnatal development. In total, I aim to show how theoretical work from evolutionary biology is reshaping the way we think about the role of stress in human development, and provide researchers with an up-to-date conceptual map of this fascinating and rapidly evolving field.
Suicidal Ideation, Depression and Quality of Life in the Elderly: Study in a Gerontopsychiatric Consultation
Authors: Ponte Carla , Almeida Vera , Fernandes Lia
Published: April 2014

The global increase in elderly population all over the world, especially in Portugal, justifies the importance of mental health study in this age group. The aim of this study was to characterize the elderly patients in Gerontopsychiatry Consultation of Centro Hospitalar São João in Porto, related to socio-demographic aspects, physical and global disabilities, depression, suicidal ideation and quality of life, and to explore the association between suicidal ideation, depression, and quality of life and global and functional disability. In this cross-sectional study, 155 patients were recruited consecutively, with a final sample of 75 subjects (59 women and 16 men) without cognitive deficits and a mean age of 72.8 (SD = 6.04). Concerning the depression level measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale (Barreto et al., 2008) it was found that 66.7% presented severe depression and suicidal ideation (M = 41.96, SD = 36.38), a value considered with a potential risk of suicide using the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (Ferreira & Castela, 1999). The elderly also perceived their quality of life as low, revealing global disability assessed with the EasyCare- Elderly Assessment (Sousa & Figueiredo, 2000a). A significant positive correlation was also found between depression and suicidal ideation (rs =.71, p < .001), as well as quality of life (rs = .50, p < .001), and suicidal ideation with quality of life (rs = .40, p < .001). The data obtained in this study corroborate the results found in other studies.
INECO Frontal Screening: an Instrument to assess Executive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Authors: Silva Tânia , Monteiro Luís , Lopes Emanuela
Published: April 2014

Although several brief sensitive screening tools are available to detect executive dysfunction, few have been developed to quickly assess executive functioning. The INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) is a brief tool which has proved be useful for the assessment of the executive functions in patients with dementia. The aim of this study was to explore whether the IFS is as sensitive and specific as the BADS, a battery designed to assess the dysexecutive syndrome, in schizophrenia. Our sample comprised a group of 34 schizophrenic patients (Mean age= 39.59,DP= 10.697) and 31 healthy controls (Mean age =35.52,DP =10.211). To all groups were administered the BADS, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and IFS. The results suggest that schizophrenic patients performed significantly worse than the control group in all tests (p< .05). The IFS total score was 13.29 for the experimental group and 26.21 for the control group (p< .001). Considering a cut-off of 14 points, the IFS sensitivity was 100% and specificity 56% in detection of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia, compared with the BADS, that if we consider a cut-off of 11 points, was a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 50%. Thus, IFS is a brief, sensitive and specific tool for the detection of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Attributions of Blame to Battered Women when they are perceived as
Feminists or as “Difficult to Deal With”
Authors: Vidal-Fernández Ana , Megías Jesús L.
Published: April 2014

This study aimed to analyze the influence of victim-related and observer-related
factors in victim blaming of battered women. Two hundred and forty six college
students participated. They were asked to read a scenario describing a
hypothetical case of physical violence perpetrated by a man against his partner.
Depending on the experimental condition, the victim was described either as a
feminist and/or as exhibiting difficulties in her relationship with others or
not. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed with victim blaming as
dependent variable. Participants’ hostile sexism positively predicted
victim blaming when the victim was described as a feminist and as a
“difficult to deal with” woman (p
< .001). In addition, men, but not women, high in hostile
sexist attitudes placed more blame on the victim when she was presented as a
feminist woman (p < .001). These results underscore
the importance of victim-related and observer-related factors, and of their
interaction, in blaming the victim of gender-based violence.
A Graphical Method to Compare the in vivo Binding Potential of PET Radioligands in the Absence of a Reference Region: Application to [11C]PBR28 and [18F]PBR111 for TSPO Imaging
Authors: Guo Qi , Owen David R , Rabiner Eugenii A , Turkheimer Federico E , Gunn Roger N
Published: April 2014

Positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands for a reversible central nervous system (CNS) demand a high specific to nonspecific signal characterized by the binding potential ( BPND). The quantification of BPND requires the determination of the nondisplaceable binding usually derived from a reference region devoid of the target of interest. However, for many CNS targets, there is no valid reference region available. In such cases, the total volume of distribution ( VT) is often used as the outcome measure, which includes both the specific and nonspecific binding signals. Here we present a graphical method that allows for direct comparison of the binding potential of ligands using the regional VT data alone via linear regression. The method was first validated using literature data for five serotonin transporter ligands, for which a reference region exists, and then applied to two second generation 18 kDa translocator protein radioligands, namely [ 11 C]PBR28 and [ 18 F]PBR111. The analysis determined that [ 11 C]PBR28 had a higher BPND than [ 18 F]PBR111.
β-Amyloid is Associated with Aberrant Metabolic Connectivity in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Carbonell Felix , Charil Arnaud , Zijdenbos Alex P , Evans Alan C , Bedell Barry J ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative4
Published: April 2014

Positron emission tomography (PET) studies using [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) have identified a well-defined pattern of glucose hypometabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The assessment of the metabolic relationship among brain regions has the potential to provide unique information regarding the disease process. Previous studies of metabolic correlation patterns have demonstrated alterations in AD subjects relative to age-matched, healthy control subjects. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between β-amyloid, apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) genotype, and metabolic correlations patterns in subjects diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Mild cognitive impairment subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study were categorized into β-amyloid-low and β-amyloid-high groups, based on quantitative analysis of [18F]florbetapir PET scans, and APOE ε4 non-carriers and carriers based on genotyping. We generated voxel-wise metabolic correlation strength maps across the entire cerebral cortex for each group, and, subsequently, performed a seed-based analysis. We found that the APOE ε4 genotype was closely related to regional glucose hypometabolism, while elevated, fibrillar β-amyloid burden was associated with specific derangements of the metabolic correlation patterns.
Variation in Arabidopsis flowering time associated with cis-regulatory variation in CONSTANS
Authors: Rosas Ulises , Mei Yu , Xie Qiguang , Banta Joshua A. , Zhou Royce W. , Seufferheld Gabriela , Gerard Silvia , Chou Lucy , Bhambhra Naeha , Parks Jennifer Deane , Flowers Jonathan M. , McClung C. Robertson , Hanzawa Yoshie , Purugganan Michael D.
Published: April 2014

The onset of flowering, the change from vegetative to reproductive development, is a major life history transition in flowering plants. Recent work suggests that mutations in cis-regulatory mutations should play critical roles in the evolution of this (as well as other) important adaptive traits, but thus far there has been little evidence that directly links regulatory mutations to evolutionary change at the species level. While several genes have previously been shown to affect natural variation in flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana, most either show protein-coding changes and/or are found at low frequency (<5%). Here we identify and characterize natural variation in the cis-regulatory sequence in the transcription factor CONSTANS that underlies flowering time diversity in Arabidopsis. Mutation in this regulatory motif evolved recently and has spread to high frequency in Arabidopsis natural accessions, suggesting a role for these cis-regulatory changes in adaptive variation of flowering time.
Only the chemical state of Indium changes in Mn-doped In3Sb1Te2 (Mn: 10 at.%) during multi-level resistance changes
Authors: Lee Y. M. , Ahn D. , Kim J.-Y. , Kim Y. S. , Cho S. , Ahn M. , Cho M.-H. , Jung M. S. , Choi D. K. , Jung M.-C. , Qi Y. B.
Published: April 2014

We fabricated and characterized the material with Mn (10 at.%: atomic percent) doped In3Sb1Te2 (MIST) using co-sputtering and synchrotron radiation, respectively. The MIST thin film showed phase-changes at 97 and 320°C, with sheet resistances of ~10 kΩsq (amorphous), ~0.2 kΩsq (first phase-change) and ~10 Ωsq (second phase-change). MIST did not exhibit any chemical separation or increased structural instability during either phase-change, as determined with high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chemical state changes were only depended for In without concomitant changes of Sb and Te. Apparently, doped Mn atoms can be induced with movement of only In atoms.
Increasing Mechanical Strength of Gelatin Hydrogels by Divalent Metal Ion Removal
Authors: Xing Qi , Yates Keegan , Vogt Caleb , Qian Zichen , Frost Megan C. , Zhao Feng
Published: April 2014

The usage of gelatin hydrogel is limited due to its instability and poor mechanical properties, especially under physiological conditions. Divalent metal ions present in gelatin such as Ca2+ and Fe2+ play important roles in the gelatin molecule interactions. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of divalent ion removal on the stability and mechanical properties of gelatin gels with and without chemical crosslinking. The gelatin solution was purified by Chelex resin to replace divalent metal ions with sodium ions. The gel was then chemically crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). Results showed that the removal of divalent metal ions significantly impacted the formation of the gelatin network. The purified gelatin hydrogels had less interactions between gelatin molecules and form larger-pore network which enabled EDC to penetrate and crosslink the gel more efficiently. The crosslinked purified gels showed small swelling ratio, higher crosslinking density and dramatically increased storage and loss moduli. The removal of divalent ions is a simple yet effective method that can significantly improve the stability and strength of gelatin hydrogels. The in vitro cell culture demonstrated that the purified gelatin maintained its ability to support cell attachment and spreading.
Chemical sensing of neurotransmitters
Authors: Pradhan Tuhin , Jung Hyo Sung , Jang Joo Hee , Kim Tae Woo , Kang Chulhun , Kim Jong Seung
Published: April 2014

This review focuses on the chemosensors for neurotransmitters published for the last 12 years, covering biogenic amines (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine and acetylcholine), amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, GABA, glycine and tyrosine), and adenosine.
A simple and sustainable tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF)-catalyzed synthesis of azaarene-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles through sp3 C–H functionalization
Authors: Kumari Kumkum , Allam Bharat Kumar , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: April 2014

A green, practical, and metal-free protocol for direct addition of α-and γ-alkylazaarenes to isatins has been developed for the synthesis of biologically important azaarene-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles in good to excellent yields.
Determination of boron in silicon without use of additional complexing agents
Authors: Balski Matthias , Emmerling Franziska , Kipphardt Heinrich , Panne Ulrich
Published: April 2014

Retention of boron in acidic solutions without addition of organic complexing agents.
Target molecule-responsive hydrogels designed via molecular imprinting using bisphenol A as a template
Authors: Kawamura Akifumi , Kiguchi Tadahiro , Nishihata Takeshi , Uragami Tadashi , Miyata Takashi
Published: April 2014

Bisphenol A-imprinted hydrogels with β-cyclodextrin prepared via molecular imprinting showed greater shrinkage than non-imprinted hydrogels because of the arrangement of β-cyclodextrin ligands at suitable positions for recognizing bisphenol A.
Ordered alignment of a one-dimensional π-conjugated nickel bis(dithiolene) complex polymer produced via interfacial reactions
Authors: Matsuoka Ryota , Sakamoto Ryota , Kambe Tetsuya , Takada Kenji , Kusamoto Tetsuro , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: April 2014

A liquid–liquid interfacial reaction between 1,2,4,5-benzenetetrathiol and nickel(ii) ion produced a π-conjugated coordination polymer that aligns regularly.
Hirshfeld surface analysis of crystal packing in aza-aromatic picrate salts
Authors: Chan Eric J. , Grabowsky Simon , Harrowfield Jack M. , Shi Ming W. , Skelton Brian W. , Sobolev Alexandre N. , White Allan H.
Published: April 2014

The structures of picrate salts of extended aza-aromatic bases have been determined and systematically analyzed using the Hirshfeld surface approach.
Facile hot-injection synthesis of stoichiometric Cu2ZnSnSe4 nanocrystals using bis(triethylsilyl) selenide
Authors: Jin Chunyu , Ramasamy Parthiban , Kim Jinkwon
Published: April 2014

CZTSe nanoparticles were synthesized using bis-(triethylsilyl)selenide as the selenium source for the first time. The effect of reaction time and precursor injection order on the formation of stoichiometric CZTSe nanoparticles has been studied by Raman spectroscopy.
Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities and protective effect against acute ethanol-induced hepatic injury in mice of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) bran oil
Authors: Pang Min , He Shujian , Wang Lu , Cao Xinmin , Cao Lili , Jiang Shaotong
Published: April 2014

Millets are good sources of nutraceuticals. Oil extracted from foxtail millet bran proved to be a nutrient by its antioxidant activitiesin vitroand ameliorating effects against ethanol-induced hepatic injury in mice.
Nano-particulate pressed powder tablets for LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Müller Samuel
Published: April 2014

A new method produces undiluted pressed powder tablets for LA-ICP-MS opening prospects for manufacturing mineral standards for isotopic and geochemical analysis.
Thiazole-based aminopyrimidines and N-phenylpyrazolines as potent antimicrobial agents: synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Liaras Konstantinos , Geronikaki Athina , Glamočlija Jasmina , Ćirić Ana , Soković Marina
Published: April 2014

A series of eight thiazole-based N-phenylpyrazolines and two aminopyrimidines having several chalcone derivatives as precursors have been synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity.
Synthesis of tetranitro-oxacalix[4]arene with oligoheteroacene groups and its nonvolatile ternary memory performance
Authors: Gu Pei-Yang , Gao Junkuo , Lu Cai-Jian , Chen Wangqiao , Wang Chengyuan , Li Gang , Zhou Feng , Xu Qing-Feng , Lu Jian-Mei , Zhang Qichun
Published: April 2014

Memory devices based on 4N4OPz exhibit excellent ternary memory behavior with high ON2/ON1/OFF current ratios and low switching threshold voltage.
Asymmetrically-gated graphene self-switching diodes as negative differential resistance devices
Authors: Al-Dirini Feras , Hossain Faruque M. , Nirmalathas Ampalavanapillai , Skafidas Efstratios
Published: April 2014

In an asymmetrically-gated graphene self-switching diode the quantum tunnelling current is used to control a much larger channel conduction current, resulting in a very pronounced NDR effect.
Discrimination of adenine nucleotides and pyrophosphate in water by a zinc complex of an anthracene-based cyclophane
Authors: Hu Ping , Yang Shengjun , Feng Guoqiang
Published: April 2014

A zinc complex of an anthracene-based cyclophane was found to be a fluorescent sensor for ADP, ATP AMP and PPi in water at neutral pH.