bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profiles of Religiosity and Their Association With Risk Behavior Among Emerging Adults in the United States
Authors: Salas-Wright Christopher P. , Vaughn Michael G. , Maynard Brandy R.
Published: June 2014

There exists significant variation in religious expression, and a growing body of research suggests the importance of examining this variation among emerging adults vis-à-vis involvement in antisocial and high-risk behaviors. Drawing from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH; N = 19,312) and the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; N = 2,721), latent profile analysis and multinomial regression are employed to examine the relationships between latent religiosity classes, antisocial behavior, substance use, and substance use disorders. Results revealed four-class solutions for both the NSDUH and NESARC samples. Emerging adults classified as “publicly and privately devoted” were substantially less likely to be involved in a broad array of risk behaviors and to meet criteria for substance use disorders. Findings suggest the protective effect of religiosity finds its most powerful expression primarily among the minority of emerging adults most profoundly committed to religious life.
Development and Its Discontents: The Story of a Janus-faced Concept
Authors: Zutshi Somnath
Published: June 2014

The word ‘development’ is at the same time both ‘concrete’ as well as ‘contentious’. It is subject to the historic contexts determined by prevailing ideology of the period. The attempt is to focus on the post-World War II period. In this period, the word ‘development’ has also come into its own with accompanying words such as ‘modernization’. The present phase of neo-liberalism has its historic roots in evolving dominant consensus following the 1929 depression. From Keynesian economics to Bretton Woods, to the advent of deregulation policies of Reaganomics and Thatcherism, this article would be a metaphorical and theoretical exploration to the idea of ‘development’.
Globalization and Academic Research: The Case of Sustainability Marketing
Authors: Purani Keyoor , Sahadev Sunil , Kumar Deepak S.
Published: June 2014

The impact of globalization on academic research is undeniable. This impact is more pertinent and strongly felt in the academic field of marketing. The pattern of this impact can be easily discerned from the trends in academic publishing in marketing such as more globalized representation of university affiliation of authors or the type of topics that dominate academic publishing in the field of marketing. In this article, through systematic analysis, one such trend is observed. The subjects covered by articles published in the 10 important marketing journals are analyzed in order to measure the extent to which these journals cover sustainability and related issues. Minimal representation of sustainability-based issues in the academic papers published in the most important marketing journals is argued to be closer to the idea of ‘Academic Capitalism’ in light of globalization. Considering the argument that sustainability and related issues often pose difficult questions to the mainstream schools of thought in the field of marketing, the minimal coverage given to sustainability-based issues should be perceived as reflecting the general lack of interest in conducting research in sustainability. The article discusses implications as well as pathways for future research.
In vitro enhancement of dendritic cell-mediated anti-glioma immune response by graphene oxide
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Zhongjun , Duan Jinhong , Wang Chen , Fang Ying , Yang Xian-Da
Published: June 2014

Malignant glioma has extremely poor prognosis despite combination treatments with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy may potentially serve as an adjuvant treatment of glioma, but its efficacy generally needs further improvement. Here we explored whether graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets could modulate the DC-mediated anti-glioma immune responsein vitro, using the T98G human glioma cell line as the study model. Pulsing DCs with a glioma peptide antigen (Ag) generated a limited anti-glioma response compared to un-pulsed DCs. Pulsing DCs with GO alone failed to produce obvious immune modulation effects. However, stimulating DCs with a mixture of GO and Ag (GO-Ag) significantly enhanced the anti-glioma immune reaction (p < 0.05). The secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) by the lymphocytes was also markedly boosted by GO-Ag. Additionally, the anti-glioma immune response induced by GO-Ag appeared to be target-specific. Furthermore, at the concentration used in this study, GO exhibited a negligible effect on the viability of the DCs. These results suggested that GO might have potential utility for boosting a DC-mediated anti-glioma immune response.
Descending Controls Modulate Inflammatory Joint Pain and Regulate CXC Chemokine and iNOS Expression in the Dorsal Horn
Authors: Carr Fiona B , Géranten Sandrine M , Hunt Stephen P
Published: June 2014

Background:

Descending control of nociceptive processing, by pathways originating in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and terminating in the dorsal horn, contributes to behavioural hypersensitivity in a number of pain models. Two facilitatory pathways have been identified and are characterized by serotonin (5-HT) content or expression of the mu opiate receptor. Here we investigated the contribution of these pathways to inflammatory joint pain behaviour and gene expression changes in the dorsal horn.

Results:

Selective lesion of the descending serotonergic (5-HT) pathway by prior intrathecal administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine attenuated hypersensitivity at early time points following ankle injection of CFA. In a separate study ablation of the mu opioid receptor expressing (MOR+) cells of the RVM, by microinjection of the toxin dermorphin-saporin, resulted in a more prolonged attenuation of hypersensitivity post CFA. Microarray analysis was carried out to identify changes in dorsal horn gene expression associated with descending facilitation by the MOR+ pathway at 7d post joint inflammation. This analysis led to the identification of a number of genes including the chemokines Cxcl9 and Cxcl10, their common receptor Cxcr3, and the proinflammatory gene Nos2 (inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS).

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate that joint pain behaviour is dependent in part on descending facilitation via the RVM, and identify a novel pathway driving CXC chemokine and iNOS expression in the dorsal horn.
Renal recovery after acute kidney injury: choice of initial renal replacement therapy modality still matters
Authors: Schneider Antoine G , Bagshaw Sean M
Published: June 2014

Renal replacement therapy can be applied either in an intermittent fashion or in a continuous fashion in severe acute kidney injury. To date, no modality has been shown to consistently improve patient survival. In the study recently reported by Sun and colleagues, continuous application of renal replacement therapy was associated with improved renal recovery, defined by lower risk of long-term need for chronic dialysis therapy. This association between nonrecovery and intermittent renal replacement therapy may be explained by a higher rate of hypotensive episodes and the lower capacity for fluid removal during the first 72 hours of therapy. Altogether, this study adds to the growing body of evidence to suggest improved likelihood of recovery of kidney function in critically ill survivors of AKI with continuous modalities for renal replacement therapy.
Diabetes impairs the angiogenic potential of adipose-derived stem cells by selectively depleting cellular subpopulations
Authors: Rennert Robert C , Sorkin Michael , Januszyk Michael , Duscher Dominik , Kosaraju Revanth , Chung Michael T , Lennon James , Radiya-Dixit Anika , Raghvendra Shubha , Maan Zeshaan N , Hu Michael S , Rajadas Jayakumar , Rodrigues Melanie , Gurtner Geoffrey C
Published: June 2014

Introduction

Pathophysiologic changes associated with diabetes impair new blood vessel formation and wound healing. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ASCs) have been used clinically to promote healing, although it remains unclear whether diabetes impairs their functional and therapeutic capacity.

Methods

In this study, we examined the impact of diabetes on the murine ASC niche as well as on the potential of isolated cells to promote neovascularization in vitro and in vivo. A novel single-cell analytical approach was used to interrogate ASC heterogeneity and subpopulation dynamics in this pathologic setting.

Results

Our results demonstrate that diabetes alters the ASC niche in situ and that diabetic ASCs are compromised in their ability to establish a vascular network both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, these diabetic cells were ineffective in promoting soft tissue neovascularization and wound healing. Single-cell transcriptional analysis identified a subpopulation of cells which was diminished in both type 1 and type 2 models of diabetes. These cells were characterized by the high expression of genes known to be important for new blood vessel growth.

Conclusions

Perturbations in specific cellular subpopulations, visible only on a single-cell level, represent a previously unreported mechanism for the dysfunction of diabetic ASCs. These data suggest that the utility of autologous ASCs for cell-based therapies in patients with diabetes may be limited and that interventions to improve cell function before application are warranted.
Reverse time migration from topography
Authors: Shragge Jeffrey
Published: June 2014

Migration of seismic data from topography using methods based on finite-difference (FD) approximation to acoustic wave propagation commonly suffers from a number of imaging drawbacks due to the difficulty of applying FD stencils to irregular computational meshes. Altering the computational geometry from Cartesian to a topographic coordinate system conformal to the data acquisition surface can circumvent many of these issues. The coordinate transformation approach allows for acoustic wave propagation and the crosscorrelation and inverse-scattering imaging conditions to be posed and computed directly in topographic coordinates. Resulting reverse time migration (RTM) images may then be interpolated back to the Cartesian domain using the known inverse mapping. Orthogonal 2D topographic coordinates can be developed using known conformal mapping transforms and serve as the computational mesh for performing migration from topography. Impulse response tests demonstrate the accuracy of the 2D generalized acoustic wave propagation. RTM imaging examples show the efficacy of performing migration from topography directly from the data acquisition surface on topographic meshes and the ability to image complex near-surface structure even in the presence of strong lateral velocity variation.
Research Resource: Comparison of Gene Profiles From Wild-Type ERα and ERα Hinge Region Mutants
Authors: Burns Katherine A. , Li Yin , Liu Liwen , Korach Kenneth S.
Published: June 2014

We showed previously that the hinge region of estrogen receptor (ER) α is involved in mediating its actions. The hinge 1 (H1) ERα mutant has disrupted nuclear localization and has lost interaction with c-JUN, but retains estrogen response element (ERE)–mediated functions. The hinge 2 + nuclear export sequence (H2NES) ERα mutant does not maintain nuclear translocation with hormone and no longer activates ERE target genes but does retain a nongenomic, nonnuclear, rapid-action response. Herein, we used the human endometrial cancer Ishikawa stable cell lines (Ishikawa/vector, Ishikawa/wild-type [WT] ERα, Ishikawa/H1 ERα, or Ishikawa/H2NES ERα) to characterize the biological activities of these 2 ERα hinge region mutants. We confirmed by confocal microscopy increased cytoplasmic ERα in the H1 ERα cell line and full cytoplasmic ERα localization in the H2NES ERα cell line. Luciferase assays using the 3xERE reporter showed activation of H1 ERα and H2NES ERα by estradiol (E2) treatment, but using the endogenous pS2 reporter, luciferase activity was only seen with the H1 ERα cell line. Examining cell proliferation revealed that only the WT ERα and H1 ERα cell lines increased proliferation after treatment. Using microarrays, we found that WT ERα and H1 ERα cluster together, whereas vector and H2NES ERα are most similar and cluster independently of E2 treatment. These studies revealed that the nongenomic activities of ERα are unable to mediate proliferative changes or the transcriptional profile after treatment and demonstrate the importance of genomic action for ERα/E2-mediated responses with the nongenomic actions of ERα being complementary to elicit the full biological actions of ERα.
Phosphorylation of nucleoporin Tpr governs its differential localization and is required for its mitotic function
Authors: Rajanala Kalpana , Sarkar Anshuk , Jhingan Gagan Deep , Priyadarshini Raina , Jalan Manisha , Sengupta Sagar , Nandicoori Vinay Kumar
Published: June 2014

A major constituent of the nuclear basket region of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), nucleoporin Tpr, plays roles in regulating multiple important processes. We have previously established that Tpr is phosphorylated in both a MAP-kinase-dependent and MAP-kinase-independent manner, and that Tpr acts as both a substrate and as a scaffold for ERK2 (also known as MAPK1). Here, we report the identification of S2059 and S2094 as the major novel ERK-independent phosphorylation sites and T1677, S2020, S2023 and S2034 as additional ERK-independent phosphorylation sites found in the Tpr protein in vivo. Our results suggest that protein kinase A phosphorylates the S2094 residue and that the site is hyperphosphorylated during mitosis. Furthermore, we find that Tpr is phosphorylated at the S2059 residue by CDK1 and the phosphorylated form distinctly localizes with chromatin during telophase. Abrogation of S2059 phosphorylation abolishes the interaction of Tpr with Mad1, thus compromising the localization of both Mad1 and Mad2 proteins, resulting in cell cycle defects. The identification of novel phosphorylation sites on Tpr and the observations presented in this study allow better understanding of Tpr functions.
Addressing Global Environmental Externalities: Transaction Costs Considerations
Authors: Libecap Gary D.
Published: June 2014

Is there a way to understand why some global environmental externalities are addressed effectively, whereas others are not? The transaction costs of defining the property rights to mitigation benefits and costs is a useful framework for such analysis. This approach views international cooperation as a contractual process among country leaders to assign those property rights. Leaders cooperate when it serves domestic interests to do so. The demand for property rights comes from those who value and stand to gain from multilateral action. Property rights are supplied by international agreements that specify resource access and use, assign costs and benefits including outlining the size and duration of compensating transfer payments, and determining who will pay and who will receive them. Four factors raise the transaction costs of assigning property rights: (i) scientific uncertainty regarding mitigation benefits and costs; (ii) varying preferences and perceptions across heterogeneous populations; (iii) asymmetric information; and (iv) the extent of compliance and new entry. These factors are used to examine the role of transaction costs in the establishment and allocation of property rights to provide globally valued national parks, implement the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, execute the Montreal Protocol to manage emissions that damage the stratospheric ozone layer, set limits on harvest of highly-migratory ocean fish stocks, and control greenhouse gas emissions. ( JEL D23, P14, Q22, Q51, Q54, Q58)
Large Scale Test on a Steel Column Exposed to Localized Fire
Authors: Byström Alexandra , Sjöström Johan , Wickström Ulf , Lange David , Veljkovic Milan
Published: June 2014

A localized fire is a fire which in a compartment is unlikely to reach flash-over and uniform temperature distribution. Designing for localized fires is generally more difficult than for flash-over compartment fires because of the complexity of the problem. There is also a lack of experimental data. We report here on a full scale test series on a steel column exposed to localized fires. The setup is a 6 meters tall hollow circular column, ϕ = 200 mm with a steel thickness of 10 mm. The unloaded column was hanging centrally above different pool fires. Temperatures of gas and steel were measured by thermocouples, and adiabatic surface temperatures at the steel surface were measured by plate thermometers of various designs. The results are compared with estimates based on Eurocode 1991-1-2 which in all cases studied overestimate the thermal impact for this setup. The input from plate thermometers was used to compute the steel temperatures using finite element methods. Excellent agreement was found if the radiation exchange within the column due to asymmetry of the exposure was taken into account.
The reproductive season of Acropora in Socotra, Yemen
Authors: Baird Andrew H. , Abrego David , Howells Emily J. , Cumbo Vivian R.
Published: June 2014

Determining when corals reproduce has clear management and economic implications. Here we document the reproductive condition of corals in the genus Acropora on the island of Socotra in Yemen during February 2014. Twenty percent of colonies (n = 143) contained mature gametes and 28% had immature gametes indicating that spawning will occur in both February and March in 2014, confirming previous anecdotal reports of coral spawning at this time in Socotra. Acropora typically reproduce in synchrony with many other broadcast spawning scleractinian corals, and we therefore predict that many other species are reproductively active at this time of year.
PRODUCTIVITY OF EKADA 66 SPRING WHEAT VARIETY, DEPENDING ON FERTILIZER SYSTEMS AT VARIOUS WAYS OF BASIC TILLAGE OF GRAY FOREST SOIL
Authors: Гилаев  , Gilaev Ildar , Шакиров  , Shakirov Rafil
Published: June 2014

One of the important issues of increasing productivity and improving the quality of the grain is the correct application of fertilizers. The the quantity and quality of the final product depends on the right balance and the level of availability of nutrients in fertilizers. The results, presented in this article, demonstrate the relevance and significance of this research. We studied the issue of increasing technological qualities of grain and productivity of spring wheat. Using organomineral fertilizers by cash and balance method on the background of subsurface tillage can improve grain quality indicators. In the variant when treating organic fertilizers in amount of 7 tons per hectare of arable land per year with the addition of NPK fertilizer on the background subsurface loosening, the protein content was 14.8%, gluten - 32.7%, with the gluten deformation index 75 (I group), which corresponds to I class of grain quality. Not less important is the conservation the resources and reduction of fertilizers load on the soil in order to greening agriculture. So, the introduction of organomineral fertilizers will not only increase the crop by 1.5-2 times, compared to the control one without fertilizer, but also improve the payback of NPK fertilizer by grain to 50%, compared with mineral fertilizer system, by reducing fertilizer rates up to 40%.
SOIL CONDITIONS OF FOREST VEGETATION GROWTH OF NORTHERN VOLGA
Authors: Жубрин  , Zhubrin Denis , Сабиров  , Sabirov Ayrat
Published: June 2014

Conducting soil studies are relevant in determining the subordination of forest types and biodiversity of vegetation to soil taxa, in determining the dependence of basic forest stand productivity from soil conditions, in creating a land registry and economic assessment of forest land, in studying the soil evolution of forest plantations under the impact of anthropogenic influences. Soil is the most important environmental factor in shaping the productivity and biodiversity of forest phytocenosis. The study of forest soils is also important in terms of basic research of their genesis, evolution. The article presents the results of research of soil conditions of vegetation growth of forest ecosystems of northern regions of Volga of the Republic of Tatarstan. The main types of forest soils are characterized in the paper. The studied forest formations grow on various soils on genesis and forest vegetation properties: sod-podzol, gray forest, brown forest, brown forest sandy, alluvial meadow, rendziny soil. The granulometric structure of soils varies from sandy to the clay. The well structured soils are formed on loamy layers under forest phytocenosis canopy. Pine and spruce ecosystems have a medi-decomposed litter of moder and multi-moder types; linden, oak, birch and aspen biogeocoenoses have strong-decomposed litter of multi type, that characterizes the intense biological cycle of substances in forest ecosystems. The wide range of place conditions of territories causes the biological diversity of forest vegetation at the level of species and ecosystems.
Locomotive Planning at Norfolk Southern: An Optimizing Simulator Using Approximate Dynamic Programming
Authors: Powell Warren B. , Bouzaiene-Ayari Belgacem , Lawrence Coleman , Cheng Clark , Das Sourav , Fiorillo Ricardo
Published: June 2014

For decades, locomotive planning has been approached using the classical tools of mathematical programming; the result has been very large-scale integer programming models that are beyond the capabilities of modern solvers but still require a host of simplifying assumptions that limit their use for analyzing important planning problems. The primary interest of Norfolk Southern was in developing a model that could assist it with fleet sizing. However, the cumulative effect of the simplifications required to produce a practical integer programming formulation resulted in models that underestimated the required fleet. We use the modeling and algorithmic framework of approximate dynamic programming, which uses an intuitive balance of simulation and optimization with feedback learning, to produce a highly detailed model that calibrates accurately against historical metrics. The result was a model that can be used to plan fleet size and mix, be sensitive to a wide range of operating parameters, and adapt to many scenarios.
Electrospun Fibers in Composite Materials for Medical Applications
Authors: Baptista A.C. , Ferreira I. , Borges J.P.
Published: June 2014

The development of nanoscaled materials has deserved a remarkable interest for biomedical applications. Biological tissues are essentially composite materials with particular mechanical properties that should be carefully considered during the design of innovative biomedical scaffolds. Electrospun membranes are often found in medical applications due to its high specific surface which creates a 3D porous structure that mimics the native extracellular matrix. These electrospun membranes can also be designed to have enhanced mechanical properties, biocompatibility and cellular response making them appealing and inspiring to be used in composites materials.
This paper reviews the new insights in the development of advanced nanostructured composites materials based on electrospun fibers. From tissue engineering to bioelectronics, these composite materials can be found in the most promising research developments for the medical applications.
Agentes naturais e antrópicos modificadores da qualidade da água e dos sedimentos nas áreas marginais da Lagoa da Conceição, SC
Authors: Dias Bruna Borba , Parizotto Bianca A.D.M. , Bonetti Carla
Published: June 2014

This study investigated water and sediment quality in a subtropical lagoon shallow areas surrounded by urban occupation. Results were associated with expected responses to different environmental features and human influence. The analysis revealed highest nitrate and phosphate levels after the summer season and higher concentrations of fecal coliforms after intense precipitation, suggesting an inefficient system of domestic sewage treatment. Statistical analyses distinguish two most populated areas: area 2-Centrinho presented finer sediments and higher reactive silica concentration than the others, while the area 3-Araças was differenced by the highest total organic matter content in the sediments.
A homofobia perspetivada à luz da abordagem da identidade social: Níveis de autodefinição identitária e atitude em relação a pessoas homossexuais
Authors: Gomes Irene Santos , Serôdio Rui Guedes
Published: June 2014

A abordagem da identidade social (cf. Turner & Reynolds, 2004) defende a existência de uma motivação-base para aquisição de uma identidade social positiva, que está na génese das estratégias de diferenciação intergrupal. Quando é contextualmente saliente o nível social da identidade, emergem tais processos grupais, nomeadamente a manifestação de comportamentos discriminatórios face a membros de exogrupos relevantes. É propósito deste estudo testar a relação entre os níveis de autodefinição e a atitude dirigida às pessoas homossexuais. Os 184 participantes responderam a várias medidas: valorização dos níveis pessoal e social de autodefinição (EIPS; Monteiro, Ribeiro, & Serôdio, 2009), medidas de atitudes em relação a pessoas homossexuais e de rejeição à proximidade com pessoas homossexuais (Pereira, Monteiro, & Camino, 2009). Os resultados mostraram que quando à forte valorização do nível pessoal de autodefinição se conjugou um contexto que focaliza na identidade pessoal, emergiram atitudes de diferenciação negativa face a pessoas homossexuais. Verificou-se também que os jovens focalizados na dimensão social da sua identidade reportaram atitudes mais favoráveis em relação a pessoas homossexuais, do que aqueles focalizados na dimensão pessoal, verificando-se padrão inverso entre os adultos. Discutimos em que medida este padrão indicia a emergência de uma norma de não-discriminação das pessoas homossexuais.
Percepção de Competência Parental: Exploração de domínio geral de competência e domínios específicos de auto-eficácia, numa amostra de pais e mães portuguesas
Authors: Ferreira Bruno , Monteiro Ligia , Fernandes Carla , Cardoso Jordana , Veríssimo Manuela , Santos António J.
Published: June 2014

A avaliação que os pais fazem sobre o seu próprio desempenho, pode ter um papel directo ou indirecto no desenvolvimento das crianças. Neste trabalho, estudamos o sentimento de competência parental face ao papel global da parentalidade e as percepções de auto-eficácia em domínios específicos da parentalidade, procurando identificar diferenças entre pais e mães, e discernir efeitos possíveis face a características demográficas, como preditores das cognições da parentalidade. Os resultados vão de encontro a evidência disponível na literatura, contudo revelam especificidades na nossa amostra que permitam equacionar singularidades, em particular face aos preditores sociodemográficos da auto-eficácia, levantando questões relativas aos factores de contexto e culturais da parentalidade.
Design and Production of the Himachal Pradesh Topographic Overview Map, 1:500,000
Authors: Schobesberger David , Kriz Karel , Breier Markus
Published: June 2014

This article describes the design of a map of the Indian state Himachal Pradesh at the scale of 1:500,000. The aim of this foldable map with topography is to support an interdisciplinary research network focusing on the cultural history of the western Himalayas starting in the eighth century. In this research network, cartography and geography fulfill a mediating role between the disciplines of art history, numismatics, Buddhist philosophy, and Tibetan and Sanskrit philology. The map’s goal is to facilitate scientific work and interdisciplinary collaboration both in the office and out in the field. In addition to the printed version, the map is available for download to the general public through a Web-based cartographic information system. Topographic data was compiled from a variety of sources—starting with maps originally surveyed by the colonial British and ending with satellite imagery. Production involved ArcGIS and Natural Scene Designer for initial data preparation and Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator for final map compilation.
Un-hiding maps @brooklynhistory: Strategies for outreach in times of austerity
Authors: Hansen Carolyn
Published: June 2014

This article describes map outreach initiatives at the Brooklyn Historical Society(BHS), a non-profit museum, library and archives, and education center located inBrooklyn, New York. In particular, it explores how BHS staff prioritized outreachunder budget constraints, created successful workflows, and employed tools to helppatrons discover the map collection.
Who’s “The King of Cuckooz”? Maps and Mapping in Kenneth Slessor’s Poetic Sequence The Atlas, Part I
Authors: Haft Adele J
Published: June 2014

“The King of Cuckooz” by the acclaimed Australian poet Kenneth Slessor opensthe five-poem sequence The Atlas as well as Cuckooz Contrey (1932), the collection in which it debuted. Like each of The Atlas poems, “The King of Cuckooz” begins with a quote from a prominent seventeenth-century map-maker; in this case, Robert Norton (d. 1635)—the English engineer, gunner, writer, and surveyor. Slessor not only alludes to Norton’s 1620 plan of Algiers throughout the poem, but imagines his narrator assuming Norton’s (highly fictionalized) persona. This article, part of the first full-scale examination of Slessor’s ambitious but poorly understood sequence, begins by considering what critics have said about “The King of Cuckooz,” traces its development in Slessor’s poetry notebook, and details the complex relationships between his poem, Norton’s map, and a particularly lyrical description of that map in an ephemeral catalogue of atlases and maps. Slessor modeled his King of Cuckooz on Barbarossa/Kheir-ed-din (ca. 1478–1546), Algiers’ most charismatic corsair and pasha. But what Norton meant by “The Kingof Cuckooz Contrey” eluded Slessor. By focusing on Norton’s participation in the British expedition against Algiers (1620–1621), tracking down memoirs of foreign officials and former captives in Ottoman Algiers, scouring old maps for “Cuckooz,”and cobbling together the astonishing exploits of the Berber Kingdom of Koukou/Cucco through Norton’s day and beyond—my paper will make the “unknown” known in its strangely poetic reality.
On the normal sheaf of determinantal varieties
Authors: Kleppe Jan O. , Miró-Roig Rosa M.
Published: June 2014

Let X be a standard determinantal scheme

X
⊂

ℙ
n

${X\subset\mathbb{P}^{n}}$

of codimension c, i.e. a scheme defined by the maximal minors of a

t
×

(

t
+
c

-
1

)

$t\times(t+c-1)$

homogeneous polynomial matrix

𝒜

${\mathcal{A}}$

. In this paper, we study the main features of its normal sheaf

𝒩
X

${{\mathcal{N}}_{X}}$

. We prove that under some mild restrictions: (1) there exists a line bundle

ℒ

${\mathcal{L}}$

on

X
∖

Sing
⁢

(
X
)

${X\setminus\mathrm{Sing}(X)}$

such that

𝒩
X

⊗
ℒ

${{\mathcal{N}}_{X}\otimes\mathcal{L}}$

is arithmetically Cohen–Macaulay and, even more, it is Ulrich whenever the entries of

𝒜

${\mathcal{A}}$

are linear forms, (2)

𝒩
X

${{\mathcal{N}}_{X}}$

is simple (hence, indecomposable) and, finally, (3)

𝒩
X

${{\mathcal{N}}_{X}}$

is μ-(semi)stable provided the entries of

𝒜

${\mathcal{A}}$

are linear forms.
Polyaminoamide dendrimers surface-modified with anionic terminal groups for use as calcium carbonate scale inhibitors
Authors: Chen Fu , Wu Keying , Liu Yangyang , Huang Huaping , He Kunyi
Published: June 2014

Polyaminoamide dendrimers (PAMAM) surface-modified with anionic terminal groups (PIY) for use as scale inhibitors were prepared with the fourth-generation PAMAM and sodium acrylate (SAA), via the Michael addition reaction. The chemical structures of PIY were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The influence of scale inhibitor concentration, Ca2+ concentration and bath temperature on the scale inhibition efficiency was researched. The study results signified that PIY can resist calcium carbonate scale as high as 92.8%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that amorphous calcium carbonate had generated in the presence of PIY dendrimers.
Preparation of Waveguide Polymer and its Simulation Study of Thermo-Optic Switch at the Infrared Communication Wavelength 1.55 μm
Authors: Wu Guangyu , Wang Haibo
Published: June 2014

In the current work, a novel benzothiazole waveguide polymer
consisting of azo chromophore molecule
2 -[4'-(N, N-hydroxyethyl)-amino-phenyl azo]-6-nitrobenzothiazole
(HEPNBT) was prepared for the simulation of thermo-optic switch at the
infrared communication wavelength 1.55 μm. The
thermal property of ABHEPU was measured using the differential
scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The
glass transition temperature (T

g
) and decomposition temperature
(T

d
) at 5% mass loss are 110 ℃ and
266 ℃, respectively. The refractive indices of
ABHEPU waveguide polymer were determined at different wavelength
(532 nm, 650 nm or 850 nm) and
temperature using attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique. The
transmission loss, dispersion curves and Sellmyer coefficients of
ABHEPU polymer were investigated from CCD digital imaging devices and
Sellmyer equation, respectively. Polymeric 1 × 2 and
Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) thermo-optic switches based on the
ABHEPU as waveguide material at the infrared communication wavelength
1.55 μm were designed and simulated. Simulation
results with FD-BPM method showed that the power consumption of
1 × 2 thermo-optic switch is only 0.58 mW; and the
response times of 1 × 2 and MZI switches are 12 ms
and 3.0 ms for the designed device. The switching time of
the prepared ABHEPU polymer is much shorter than that of silica
substrate.
Expression of steroidogenic enzymes in human sebaceous glands
Authors: Inoue Takayoshi , Miki Yasuhiro , Kakuo Shingo , Hachiya Akira , Kitahara Takashi , Aiba Setsuya , Zouboulis Christos C , Sasano Hironobu
Published: June 2014

Androgens are well known to influence sebum synthesis and secretion. Various factors related to androgen biosynthesis are expressed in human sebaceous glands. In this study, immunohistochemical analysis of human skin specimens from 43 subjects indicated that various androgen-producing and -metabolizing enzymes were functionally localized to sebocytes accumulating lipid droplets and that the exclusive expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17β-HSD2 (HSD17B2)) in sebaceous glands was negatively correlated with that of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ (PPARG)), which also significantly changed in an age-dependent manner. We also demonstrated that the changes of 17β-HSD2 expression in human immortalized sebocytes (SZ95) influenced the expressions of sebogenesis-related factors. In addition, the overexpression of 17β-HSD2 in SZ95 significantly increased the androstenedione production and markedly decreased the amounts of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone when DHEA was added externally. On the other hand, the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, which is well known to induce sebum secretion and the onset and/or aggravation of acne, was increased by the addition of testosterone in the presence of IGF1 in hamster sebocytes. These results all indicated that local androgen biosynthesis and metabolism in human sebaceous glands could play a pivotal role in sebum synthesis and secretion.
Personal Features and Research Potential of Students
Authors: Bordovskaia Nina , Kostromina Svetlana
Published: June 2014

This article describes methods and results of study of personal features and research potential of Russian students. We revealed differences in these characteristics in 245 students of different years and fields of education. We found out differences in levels of research potential development between bachelor students, master students and specialist students of humanities and natural sciences. We defined and described those personal features which promote active students’ involvement in research and hence - research potential realization, independently of university and educational field. We characterized personal features of students with high level of research potential. Obtained results are a psychological basis for masters’ instruction differentiation, scientific supervision style selection and psychological support of students’ individual learning and scientific work organization.
Anti-chlamydial effect of plant peptides
Authors: Balogh Emese , Mosolygó Tímea , Tiricz Hilda , Szabó Ágnes , Karai Adrienn , Kerekes Fanni , Virók Dezső , Kondorosi Éva , Burián Katalin
Published: June 2014

Even in asymptomatic cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, the aim of the antibiotic strategy is eradication of the pathogen so as to avoid the severe late sequelae, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and tubal infertility. Although first-line antimicrobial agents have been demonstrated to be predominantly successful in the treatment of C. trachomatis infection, treatment failures have been observed in some cases. Rich source of antimicrobial peptides was recently discovered in Medicago species, which act in plants as differentiation factors of the endosymbiotic bacterium partner. Several of these symbiotic plant peptides have proved to be potent killers of various bacteria in vitro. We show here that 7 of 11 peptides tested exhibited antimicrobial activity against C. trachomatis D, and that the killing activity of these peptides is most likely due to their interaction with specific bacterial targets.
Thermal and Electrical Transport Properties of Sheared and Un-Sheared Thin-Film Polymer/CNTs Nanocomposites
Authors: Kalakonda Parvathalu , Georgiev Georgi Y. , Cabrera Yaniel , Judith Robert , Iannacchione Germano S. , Cebe Peggy
Published: June 2014

Transport properties have been measured transverse to the plane of sheared and un-sheared thin-film nanocomposites of isotactic Polypropylene (iPP) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at various MWCNT concentrations. The sheared samples were processed in the melt at 200 0C at 1 Hz in a Linkan microscope shearing hot stage. The thermal and electrical conductivity measurements were performed on the same cell arrangement with the transport perpendicular to the thin-film plane using a DC method. The thermal and electrical conductivity perpendicular to the surface of the films are higher for the un-sheared as compared to the sheared samples. Interestingly, the percolation threshold appears smeared in both conductivity measurements likely due to pressing and shear treatment of the films, or the spacing between the data points. Important for electronics packaging and materials for which those anisotropic properties are highly desired this work presents important advances in understanding the structure-transport property relations.
Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Modeling of the Artery Myogenic Response
Authors: Li Yali , Goulbourne Nakhiah
Published: June 2014

Active contraction of smooth muscle results in the myogenic response and vasomotion of arteries, which adjusts the blood flow and nutrient supply of the organism. It involves coupled electrobiochemical and chemomechanical processes. This paper presents a new constitutive model to describe the myogenic response of the artery wall under different transmural pressures. The model includes two major components: a cell-level model for the electrobiochemical process, and a tissue-level model for the chemomechanical coupling. The electrochemical model is a lumped Hodgkin-Huxley-type cell membrane model for the nanoscopic ionic currents: calcium, sodium, and potassium. The calculated calcium concentration serves as input for the chemomechanical portion of the model; its molecular binding and the reactions with other enzymes cause the relative sliding of thin and thick filaments of the contractile unit. In the chemomechanical model, a new nonlinear viscoelastic model is introduced to describe the time varying behavior of the smooth muscle. Specifically, this model captures the filament overlap effect, active stress evolution, initial velocity, and elastic recoil in the media layer. Using the proposed constitutive model and a thin-walled equilibrium equation, the myogenic response is calculated for different transmural pressures. The integrated model is able to capture the pressure-diameter relationship incorporating fewer parameters than previous work and with clear physical meanings.
Prospects for dielectric constant reduction in integrated circuits interconnects
Authors: Darnon Maxime , Posseme Nicolas , Chevolleau Thierry , David Thibaut L.
Published: June 2014

To improve the integrated circuits’ performance and continue the downscaling of dimensions, it is necessary to use low dielectric constant materials as interconnects insulators. Current porous SiCOH low-k dielectrics are now reaching their limits since their porosity enables the diffusion of species that modify the inner surface of the pores. To further reduce the dielectric constant, it is necessary to change paradigm in interconnects fabrication. In this paper, we discuss the most promising innovations in terms of process, materials and architectures to reduce the interconnects insulators dielectric constant.
Fabrication of Coaxial and Triaxial Atomic Force Microscope Imaging Probes
Authors: Brown Keith A. , Westervelt Robert M.
Published: June 2014

Herein, we detail the fabrication of atomic force microscope (AFM) probes that have two and three coaxial electrodes at their tips. This fabrication strategy leverages the availability of conductive AFM probes and encompasses a general method for processing their complex and delicate structure through the deposition of insulating and conductive layers by shadow masked chemical and physical vapor deposition, respectively. Focused ion beam milling is used to expose the two electrode (coaxial) or three electrode (triaxial) structures at the tip of the AFM probe. Finally, we discuss new imaging modalities enabled by these probes including electrically-driven contact resonance imaging for nanoscale mechanical characterization, imaging the local dielectric constant by quantifying the dielectrophoretic force, and trapping functional particles at the tip of a probe using dielectrophoresis. These imaging techniques illustrate the generality and utility of this fabrication approach and suggest that such probes could be widely applied to image many nanoscale materials.
Neonatal Anesthesia Neurotoxicity: A Review for Cleft and Craniofacial Surgeons
Authors: Laub Donald R. , Williams Robert K.
Published: June 2014

There is growing evidence that the commonly used anesthetic agents cause some degree of damage to the early developing brain. The animal evidence for anesthetic neurotoxicity is compelling. Numerous confounders in human research prevent researchers from drawing definitive conclusions about the degree of risk. For every surgery, it should be assessed whether the benefits of an early surgical procedure justify a potential but unquantifiable risk of neurotoxicity of anesthetic agents. The timing and number of surgeries in our treatment protocols may need to be reevaluated to account for these potential risks.
An Examination of Assessment Arrangements and Service Use for Older People in Receipt of Care Management
Authors: Sutcliffe Caroline , Hughes Jane , Abendstern Michele , Clarkson Paul , Chester Helen , Challis David
Published: June 2014

With anticipated greater demand for formal care services globally, this article examines the sociodemographic and health characteristics of frail older people in receipt of community support. Data were collected from audits of case files of older people receiving care management at two time points during which two government policy initiatives were implemented to promote greater standardization in health and social care provision for older people in England. Findings at Time 2 revealed that there were higher levels of physical and mental impairment and more health care assessments undertaken. There was a slight decrease in home care receipt but a marginal increase of more intensive home care provision. Service users living with a carer were less likely to receive home care but more likely to receive respite care or day care than those living alone. The policy goal of widening access to specialist health and social care services for older people with mental health problems was achieved. Guidance that focused eligibility criteria on the identification of older people with complex needs required the availability of appropriate support and services. Irrespective of policy initiatives, the sociodemographic characteristics of older people and the availability of informal support are principal determinants of service provision.
Hyporheic water exchange in a large hydropower-regulated boreal river – directions and rates
Authors: Siergieiev D. , Lundberg A. , Widerlund A.
Published: June 2014

Widespread river regulation is known to modify river-aquifer interactions, influencing entire watersheds, but knowledge of the hyporheic flowpath along regulated rivers is limited. This study measured the hydraulic conductivity of the river bed and the aquifer, water levels and seepage fluxes in the heavily regulated Lule River in Northern Sweden, with the aim of characterising water exchange across the river-aquifer interface. While pristine rivers in the area are gaining, the Lule River was recharging the aquifer during 10% of the time. Daily river level fluctuations (typically ±0.25 m) directed ~3% of the total orthogonal flux across the river bed towards the aquifer, while during ~2% of the time the orthogonal fluxes were negligible (≤10–4 m d–1). A clogging layer on the river bed, most likely formed due to the modified river discharge, restricted river-aquifer exchange. The hyporheic zone had higher electrical conductivity than the river and the aquifer and electrical conductivity occasionally decreased following rising river water levels, with 3–5 hours' delay. Overall, hydropower regulation has severely altered the hydrological regime of the hyporheic zone in the Lule River.
Removing phosphorus with Ca-Fe oxide granules – a possible wetlands filter material
Authors: Saaremäe Egle , Liira Martin , Poolakese Morten , Tamm Toomas
Published: June 2014

Phosphorus (P) is one of the nutrients causing eutrophication in many of our waterways. In the present study, we investigated Sachtofer PR Ca-Fe oxide granules as a potential P sorption material (PSM) for constructed wetlands. We found the P sorption with various experiments as follows: the 24 h batch experiment with the highest initial concentration of 50 mgP L−1 yielded 0.48 mgP g−1 P removal per mass unit, the kinetic P removal batch experiment of 600 h duration yielded 1.25 mgP g−1, the maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity estimated from the Langmuir equation yielded 23.78 mgP g−1, and the long term flow-through experiment with drainage ditch water yielded indicative saturated sorption of 1.4 mgP g−1. Flow-through experiments revealed that phosphate removal was rapid and the efficiency was 10–70%, depending on the retention time and age of granules. Possible weaknesses of this material for sorption filter systems were found to include the loss of mass caused by the rapid dissolution of gypsum, increased sulfate and calcium concentrations in the water, and rapidly changing hydraulic conductivity. Considering hydraulic and chemical properties, further pilot experiments are necessary to develop technical solutions for optimal use of Ca-Fe oxide granules in sorption filter systems at constructed wetlands.