bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifikasi Kerusakan Mobil Menggunakan Sistem Pakar Berbasis Metode Forward Chaining Pada Global Motor Gorontalo
Authors: Utiarahman Siti Andini
Published: December 2020

Checking and diagnoses of car damage done manually cause the old car working time so that customer satisfaction decreases. To save time from technicians, an application that can help the technician to diagnose damage to his car is required. For that, it can be applied to expert system applications. The expert system as a program enabled to mimic human experts should be able to do things that an expert can do. This app is designed to do diagnose damage to Daihatsu cars. The method used is a descriptive method, which is research that seeks to solve existing problems systematically based on data-existing data, design by using data flow diagrams (DFD), interface form designing Users of the proposed system using the PHP programming language, the database uses Mysql. The result of this research is the expert system used can to provide useful information in assisting in decision making to diagnose car damage.
SDLC IMPLEMENTATION METHOD FOR MONTHLY REPORT PROCESSING DATA PROCESSING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Mustika Mustika
Published: December 2020

Application of Puskesmas Activity Reports (LB4) can assist Puskesmas staff in delivering or making information more quickly and efficiently. Because the old system in the manufacturing process is still manual, because the calculation of the number of visitors is still counted one by one and there are still frequent errors SDLC method is applied in making the application, the programming language used is Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0, supported by MySql database to improve the quality of information presentation report on the activities of LB4 Puskesmas Seputih Banyak. The method used is to use data collection methods, observations using the SDLC Method, while the application design uses a document flow chart, Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), Flow Diagrams (Flowcharts), Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD). besides that it also uses the MySql database. The application can facilitate each officer in making LB4 reports that no longer use written documents, so that it is faster in distributing visitor data and also can count the number of visitors who come without having to count manually, because in the LB4 Report Application Design System for each section and has the number automatic data without counting one by one each part.
Hiding Files in Image Files Using the Steganography Method
Authors: Irawan Dedi
Published: December 2020

The need for communication in the digital era at this time makes the insertion of information applicable to digital files / media such as images, video, audio and text. Steganography inserts a secret message in a file / media without anyone realizing that the media has a secret message. Steganography (information hiding) is a technique to hide secret messages on a media host or also called a media cover. Steganography comes from Greek which means "hidden writing". Used in various forms for thousands of years. Steganography method is a method that inserts information into other data without destroying the data. Of course, using this steganography will not arouse the suspicion of other parties who are not entitled to receive information.
Faktor Pengaruh Purchase Intention Berdasarkan Perspektif Konsumen pada Aplikasi Mobile Online Travel Booking
Authors: Noprisson Handrie , Utami Marissa
Published: December 2020

The development of the online travel booking business must be followed by increased revenue to maintain the trust of business partners such as investors and merchants. Increased purchases by consumers can be supported by several factors, one of which is purchase intention from a consumer perspective. This study looks at how the influence of a consumer perspective based on trust, perceived value, brand image, product diagnosicity on increasing purchase intention for online travel booking applications. Stages of research include data collection, data processing using SMARTPLS, interpretation of data processing results and drawing research conclusions. As a result of the study, the trust factor has the influence on purchase intentions with a t-value of 8.280. The perceived value influences purchase intentions in the online travel booking application with a t-value of 7.091. Brand image also has an influence on purchase intention with a score of 5.253.
PENERAPAN MODIFIKASI HURUF KATAKANA DALAM PENGAMAN PESAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ADVANCE VIGENERE CIPHER
Authors: Adrian Adrian Muhammad Yusuf
Published: December 2020

Kriptografi adalah suatu bidang ilmu dan seni yang bertujuan untuk menjaga kerahasiaan suatu pesan yang berupa data-data dari pihak lain yang tidak berhak sehingga tidak menimbulkan kerugian. from the builder in the world in the computer from the computer from the office, the basic of Vigenere Cipher can be just were not only mampu melakukan enkripsi terhadap karakter alphabet, namun juga angka dan simbol khusus. Dengan menerapkan metode AVC sebagai metode pengamanan informasi pesan, probabilitas penyusup untuk memecahkan kode enkripsi sistem dapat secara optimal. maka rumusan masalah penerapan penerapan huruf katakana dalam pengaman pesan menggunakan metode advance vigenere cipher. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat aplikasi modifikasi huruf katakana dalam pengaman pesan menggunakan metode advance vigenere cipher. Manfaat penelitian ini untuk memberikan informasi pesan plainteks menjadi chiperteks berdasarkan kata kunci, sehingga pesan dapat terjaga kerahasiannya. Teknik data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini observasi dan studi pustaka. Diharapkan pengembangan aplikasi ini dapat menjadi referensi bukan hanya perbankan dunia juga untuk semua kalangan sebagai perkemangan teknologi informasi.
Aplikasi Sistem Pakar Pada Diagnosa Penyakit Hipertensi Dan Diabetes Berbasis Web Mengggunakan Metode Forward Chaining
Authors: Sukamto Pria Sukamto , Suherlan Suherlan , Haryanto Haryanto
Published: December 2020

Dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan maka berkembang pula dari gaya hidup masa ini sehingga dengan berkembangnya gaya hidup manusia sehingga merubah pula pola makan yang tidak teratur atau kadang-kadang jenis makanan instant yang bisa memicu dan berpengaruh pada sistem kesehatan manusia diantaranya penyakit diabetes dan hipertensi. Salah satu timbul penyakit disebabakan karena keengganan manusia dalam mengontrol kondisi kesehatan misalanya memerika pada dokter tentang penyakit tertentu. Dengan latar belakang permasalahan diatas perlu adanya suatu sistem diagnosa penyakit secara lebih fleksibel dengan menggunakan sistem pakar. Dalam implementasinya dirancang sistem pakar diagnosa penyakit hipertensi dan diabetes dengan menggunakan metode forward chaining karena penyakit ini dirasa perlu dikontrol dengan menggunakan sistem pakar. Dengan adanya sistem pakar dalam diagnosa penyakit hipeetensi dan diabetes diharapkan mendeteksi penyakit secara dini dengan cepat sebelum dilanjutkan pengobatan secara maksimal ke dokter
PemanfaatanTeknologi Augmented Reality Edukasi Pengenalan Hewan Vivipar Ovipar Dan Ovovivipar Bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan , Putra Ade Alimal
Published: December 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini memberikan informasi teknologi augmented reality (AR) pengenalan vivipar, ovipar, dan ovovivipar berbasis android sehingga dapat mengetahui perbedaan jenis hewan vivipar, hewan ovipar, dan hewan ovovivipar. Teknologi AR dapat digunakan sebagai edukasi pembelajaran yang menampilkan hewan ke dalam bentuk tiga dimensi bisa dilihat secara menyeluruh oleh siswa/siswi Sekolah Dasar. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Metode Waterfall yang terdiri dari tahapan Analisa data, desain system, penulisan kode program, pengujian system dan penerapan program. Pembuatan marker yang dibentuk pada objek hewan vivipar, ovipar dan ovovivipar dalam menampilkan objek lebih menarik daripada marker  hitam  putih.  Sehingga  teknologi  AR  dapat  digunakan  sebagai media untuk memperkenalkan lebih informatif dan efektif. Hasil pengujian deteksi marker  pada saat cahaya normal dan gelap jarak 4-10 waktu terbaik yaitu 1-3 detikAbstrackThis study provides information on augmented reality (AR) technology introduction of viviparous, ovipar, and ovovivipar based android so that it can find out the different types of viviparous animals, ovipar animals, and ovovivipar animals. AR technology can be used as a learning education that displays animals into three-dimensional form can be seen thoroughly by elementary school students. The method used in this research is Waterfall Method which consists of data analysis stage, system design, program code writing, system testing and program implementation. The creation of markers formed on viviparous animal objects, ovipar and ovovivipar in displaying objects is more interesting than black and white markers.  So that AR technology can be used as a medium to introduce more informative and effective. Marker detection test results at normal light and dark distance of 4-10 the best time is 1-3 seconds.
TINGKAT KEMATANGAN TATA KELOLA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN METODE TESCA
Authors: Mustofa Hery , Bakhri Syaiful
Published: December 2020

Evaluasi tata kelola TIK menjadi bagian penting dalam penerapan TIK dalam sebuah perguruan tinggi. Tata kelola teknologi informasi yang baik akan membantu mempercepat terwujudnya visi dan misi sebuah perguruan tinggi. Pusat Teknologi Informasi dan Pangkalan Data (PTIPD) UIN Walisongo merupakan unit teknis yang  mempunyai tugas mengelola dan mengembangkan sistem informasi di lingkungan Institusi. Mengingat pentingnya PTIPD maka perlu dilakukan evaluasi tingkat kematangan teknologi informasi dengan menggunakan metode TeSCA. Analisis dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, penelaah dokumen dan konfirmasi untuk mendukung analisis terhadap PTIPD. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kematangan TIK UIN Walisongo pada tingkat Level Madya dengan scores total 55.43.
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA NAÏVE BAYES PADA PENGELOMPOKAN ASET FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH BENGKULU
Authors: Amandha Lufti , Sonita Anisya
Published: December 2020

Perkembangan teknologi informasi sangat berpengaruh dalam pengelolaan data dan penyampaian informasi bagi setiap instansi sehingga mempermudah dalam pengelolaan data yang diolah secara manual menjadi berbasis komputerisasi. Sehingga dengan adanya teknologi informasi yang digunakan dalam bidang pengelompokan atau inventaris aset barang-barang, setiap pencatatan dapat didokumentasikan sebagai barang bukti. Pada Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu juga menerapkan sistem sebagai pengelolaan data asset seperti computer, infokus dan printer, sebagai data inventaris.Dengan menerapkan algoritma Naïve Bayes diharapkan dapat mengetahui atau memprediksi data inventaris atau data aset yang ada. Teorema keputusan bayes itu sendiri adalah pendekatan statistik yang fundamental dalam pengenalan pola (pattern recoginition). Pendekatan ini didasarkan pada kuantifikasi antara berbagai keputusan klasifikasi dengan menggunakan probabilitas dan ongkos yang ditimbulkan dalam keputusan keputusan tersebut. Ide dasar dari bayes adalah menangani masalah yang bersifat hipotesis yakni mendesain suatu klasifikasi untuk memisahkan objek. Sehingga nantinya dalam pembuatan system pengelompokan data asset ini dapat mengetahui data asset yang ada pada Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu.
DIETARY PRACTICES AND SELF ADHERENCE TO TYPE 2 DIABETIC MANAGEMENT AMONG URBAN POPULATION OF CHENNAI METROPOLITON CITY-A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Raj Aravind , A Sankar
Published: December 2020

Background: The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus is 2.4% among adults in rural population and 4-11.6 % in urban population. In recent years, the simultaneous acceleration of diabetes and obesity worldwide has led to increasingly sedentary lifestyles and poor eating habits. Even children exposed to "junk" food and without enough exercise have now experienced obesity and diabetes. The term metabolic syndrome (formerly called 'Syndrome X') has been applied to an increasingly common disorder in which abdominal obesity and insulin resistance, such as elevated lipid profiles, are accompanied by a constellation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Objectives: To observe the dietary patterns of diabetic patients of urban Chennai population.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients attending the general out patient department of Balaji medical college hospital Chennai. Patients with following blood glucose levels were taken as Diabetics, F ≥126 mg/dl, PP≥200 mg/dl. Individuals diagnosed and treated for the above conditions for one year or more will be treated as participants. Purposive sampling was used to achieve the sample size of 164 participants. After obtaining the informed consent, the patients were enrolled for the study. Data was analysed using SPSS ver.24. Descriptive data was given in frequency and percentage. chi-square test was used to compare the data. p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Result: Among the diabetic patients, their mean level of fasting sugar was 140 and PP was 236 with SD 44.032 and 62.674. More than 65% of the Urban population follow some other diet restrictions such as low salt, low cholesterol and fat. Physical activity of the population are 57% of going for walking also 39% of them are had no physical activity at all.
Conclusion: The dietary change coupled with , the intake of cholesterol rich food and lack of physical activity seem to have contributed to the urban population's high prevalence rate of obesity.
PERI-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: G Sakthi Vignesh , Nithianandam Seetharaman
Published: December 2020

In diabetic patients, managing the glycemic levels in the perioperative period is challenging. Surgical stress and anesthesia have great impact on blood glucose levels, thus the healthcare professionals should be more cautious to maintain the optimal glycemic level. Almost 50% of diabetes patient undergoing surgery, has great chance of post-operative mortality when compared with normal glucose tolerant patient. In addition to this, there is 5 times greater risk of developing end organ damage and infections in uncontrolled diabetic patients. Hence, there is a need to optimize and improve the blood glycemic control before surgery. Tight glycemic control with intensive insulin therapy (IIT) has shown to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve the survival after the surgery. However, evidence suggest that severe hypoglycaemia and adverse outcomes with tight glycemic control brings its safety and efficacy into query. Hence, avoidance of hyperglycemia is clearly beneficial in the perioperative patients, although IIT continues to be standard of care, current consensus guidelines recommend less stringent glycemic goals, typically between 80-150mg|dl.
A STUDY OF POST OPERATIVE WOUND INFECTION AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Thakre Sandeep , Dutt Chandrakala , Dutt Rajdhar , Jatav Pushpendra
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE:-this study was designed to evaluate the postoperative wound Infection, common risk factors and the different organisms which were involved in cases of clean and clean-contaminated, contaminated and dirty surgeries.
Method and materials: - The study was conducted in the department of surgery, JA group of hospital, Gwalior in collaboration with departmental of microbiology. G.R.MEDICAL COLLEGE GWALIOR. For duration of one year. The bio data of the patients, together with their clinical features, diagnosis, the type of surgery which was performed and the development of any complications, which included wound infections, was noted and the data was analyzed.
RESULTS:-out of 150 patients, we found that age of more than 60 years was to be more risk factor 20%(5 of out of 25) and less risk factor to be present in below 20 years age group 8.33%(1 out of 12).
The incidence amongst the clean case was 2.7 %(1 out of 36), among the clean contaminated cases , it was 9.3% (6 out of 64), among the contaminated cases it was 17.6%(3 out of 17), among the dirty cases , it was 24.2%(8 out of 33). Positive cultures were obtained from the infected wounds. The commonest bacterial isolates were staph aureus(32%), S.epid, E.coli, Ps.aureginosa, Klebseilla
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GLAUCOMA PREVALENCE AND SUPPLEMENTATION WITH CALCIUM, IRON AND CAFFEINE
Authors: Gaur Sarika , Kumar Ramesh , Kuldeep Kuldeep , Singh Ananya
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE. To investigate the relationship between supplementary consumption of the oxidants calcium and iron and caffeine and the prevalence of glaucoma.
METHODS. This cross-sectional study included 3833 participants 40 years of age, who reported a presence or absence of glaucoma. Participants were interviewed regarding the use of dietary supplements and antacids during the preceding 30-day period. Data pertaining to the supplementary intake of calcium, iron and caffeine was aggregated and divided into quintiles. Information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma and demographics, comorbidities, and health-related behavior was obtained via interview.
RESULTS. Participants who consumed 800 mg/d of supplementary calcium or 18 mg/d of supplementary iron had significantly higher odds of having been diagnosed with glaucoma than did those who had not consumed supplementary calcium or iron, after adjustment for potential confounders. Concurrent consumption of both calcium and iron above these levels was associated with still greater odds of having been diagnosed with glaucoma. Compared with participants whose cumulatively updated total caffeine consumption was <125 mg/day, participants who consumed ≥500 mg/day had a trend toward increased risk of glaucoma.
CONCLUSIONS. These results suggest that there may be a threshold intake of iron, calcium and caffeine above which there is an increased risk of development of glaucoma. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed, to assess whether oxidant intake is a risk factor for development and progression of glaucoma.
EVALUATION OF SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF SPONDYLOLISTHESIS IN LUMBAR SPINE WITH PEDICLE SCREW ROD FIXATION AND POSTEROLATERAL FUSION- A OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Kumar L. Kiran , Ramakrishna G. , Ramakrishna K.
Published: December 2020

Background: Incidence of spondylolisthesis in general population is 5% - 7%. No matter what the etiology is, patients usually have significant functional disability. Few studies have investigated the long term effect of posterolateral fusion on functional outcome.
Objective: To assess the corrections of slip angle and meyerding grading after application of pedicle screw fixation and finally observed the neurological outcome & complications of the instrumentation and its efficacy.
Methodology: It’s a Cross sectional observational study. On an average 20 cases of spondylolisthesis are admitted in Gandhi Hospital in a year. 20 patients were admitted to this hospital. Among these 20 cases 12 cases were selected for pedicle screw fixation and posterolateral fusion. The material for this study was selected from the initial 12 out of 20 cases where we performed pedicle screw fixation and posterolateral fusion for spondylolisthesis treatment during the period of 2008-2010.
Results: In our study, we have cases with age ranging from 35-60 yrs. The average age of presentation in 45 yrs. Postoperatively we had 6 cases of grade 2 with return to grade one and 2 cases remained grade 2 and 3 cases with grade 1 remained grade 1 with reduced displacement. One case of grade 3 return to grade 2. In our study, we had patients slip angles ranging from 10-50o with 8 cases having slip angles from 25-50o and 3 cases having slip angles from 10-30o and case had 55 o slip angle initially. In our study we had 10% neurological defects post operatively.
Conclusion: Posteriolateral fusion is still a safe, promising and appealing technique.
PREVALENCE OF COMORBIDITIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON MORTALITY IN COVID-19 PATIENTS - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE COVID HOSPITAL.
Authors: Prasad S. Durga , Seshaiah K. V. , Kumar P. Praveen , Kanthima A. Sita , Harshitha K.S.S. , Katikitala S. Sudheshna , R Sachukrishnan , Chaitanya B.
Published: December 2020

Background: Since the origin of novel corona virus (COVID-19) in December 2019, it engulfed more than 200 countries worldwide within short time and was declared as pandemic by WHO. Even though the overall fatality rate is low in COVID-19, presence of certain risk factors and comorbidities more likely result in severe disease and subsequent mortality.
Methodology: Retrospectively we evaluated the details of total 200 COVID-19 patients from the medical records. These 200 patients include two groups. Each group consisted of 100 patients. One group consisted 100 patients who were discharged successfully after recovery from COVID-19. Second group consisted 100 patients who demised during hospital stay with COVID-19. We have studied prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on mortality in these two groups in relation to gender, severity. This was a cross sectional study of COVID-19 patients admitted from 01-04-2020 to 31-05-2020 (period of two months) in our state COVID tertiary care hospital, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh.
Results: There was no statistically significant association between presence of comorbidities and gender in relation to mortality. There was statistically significant association between presence of comorbidities and severity of disease. The association of comorbidities and mortality was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 who have comorbidities are more likely to have severe disease course, rapid progression, increased need for admission in ICU and mortality.
TENSILE STRENGTH OF SCALP HAIR IN WOMEN WITH HAIR LOSS
Authors: R K Navein , K Srivenkateswaran , V Sivasubramanian , S Sivakumar , R L Sunjanaa Dhepa , A R Kalaichelvan
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND :Hair loss may occur due to increase in breaking of hair due to a reduction in tensile strength of hair fiber.Resistance to breakage is a function of the cortex condition affected by chemical treatments. Normally hair can stretch upto 20% of its original length before breaking if its dry and upto 50% if its wet.AIM&OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the tensile strength of scalp hair in women with alopecia.METHODS :A case control study of about 50 cases with alopecia (assessed by Ludwig scale) and 50 controls with age and sex matched subjects of above 18 years of age were included.5 – 10 samples of 15 cms hair were collected from each subject and evaluated for tensile strength of both dry and wet samples with the help of zwick/roell machine.RESULTS :This study found that tensile strength breaking point Fmax (gF) dry was statistically significantly lower in cases(82.36±24.13) compared to controls (93.66±23.08), t(98)=-2.382, p=0.02. Similarly tensile strength breaking point Fmax (gF) wet was statistically significantly lower in cases(86.10±23.38) compared to controls (94.92±16.69), t(98)=-2.171, p=0.03. In the same way our study results showed that tensile strength breaking elongation dL at Fmax(%) dry and wet didn’t show any statistical significance between the two groups(p=0.50, p=0.53 respectively).CONCLUSION:This study shows that tensile strength of hair in women with alopecia had increased breakability in both dry and wet samples when compared with controls and also statistically significant whereas elasticity of hair was not statistically significant
“DENGUE ENCEPHALITIS – A RARE MANIFESTATION OF DENGUE FEVER.”
Authors: Wani Showkat Nazir , Kaushik Anish Garg Atul , Kaushik Atul , Tariq Naveen
Published: December 2020

We report a case of dengue fever with features of encephalitis from Northern India. A 22 years female presented with history of high-grade fever with chills for 2 days followed by altered sensorium and MRI brain, revealed characteristic changes consistent with Encephalitis with hemorrhage mainly involving the bilateral thalami. The diagnosis of dengue was confirmed by the presence of dengue antigen in the serum and the presence of dengue antibodies in the serum as well as cerebrospinal fluid. Dengue is not primarily a neurotropic virus and encephalopathy is an uncommon finding in dengue. This case explains the importance of considering dengue encephalitis as the differential diagnosis of fever with altered sensorium, especially in countries like India where dengue is rampant.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY OF INTRAARTICULAR STEROID VS. PLATELET RICH PLASMA INJECTION IN ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS.
Authors: Pati Subhasish , Panda Joyshree , Pramanik Rajesh
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Adhesive capsulitis is one of the major causes of restriction of movement and pain in shoulder joint. Over the years the efficacy of steroid injections to relieve pain and improve range of motion was well established. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) has few more properties in management of same and hence the study aims to show PRP as an alternative to steroids.
Aim: To look for improvement in VAS, Range of Motion and SPADI due to PRP and steroids and to compare their efficacies.
Materials and method: Two groups of Patients with adhesive capsulitis of shoulder were randomly selected. Group A (n=20) was injected with PRP and Group B (n=20) with methyl Prednisolone in aseptic technique after verbal consent. Assessment was done before the block then after 1st week, 4th week and 3months after the block.
Results: Statistically significant improvement was seen in both the groups with long term improvement better with PRP.
Conclusion: Although steroid showed better results in immediate reduction of pain compared to PRP but in long term follow up PRP was superior.
STUDY OF PLEURAL FLUID TO SERUM CHOLINESTERASE RATIO TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN TRANSUDATE AND EXUDATE AND ITS CORRELATION WITH LIGHT'S CRITERIA
Authors: MR Manohar , Shetty Deepti , VM Vikram
Published: December 2020

Background: Pleural effusion is a common clinical condition faced in everyday practice. The first step in the management of pleural effusion is its differentiation into transudates and exudates. Light’s criteria is the most widely used parameter to differentiate pleural effusions but studies have shown that Light’s criteria misclassifies a significant amount of cases. Methods: Study included 125 patients who had pleural effusion who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Duration of the study was 12 months. Results: Accordingly the mean value of this ratio was 0.10 + 0.05 in the transudates group and 0.39 + 0.14 in the exudates group. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). This ratio misclassified 5 cases. Among them 2 (3.2%) were transudates that were misdiagnosed as exudates and 3 (4.8%) were exudates that were misdiagnosed as transudates.In this study Light’s criteria misclassified 13 cases in total with a sensitivity of 91.9% and a specificity of 87.3%. Conclusions: Light’s criteria has a good sensitivity and specificity but P/S ChE was the most efficient parameter in differentiating between transudates and exudates in this study.
CORRELATION OF PERIPHERAL SMEARS FINDINGS WITH RBC INDICES AND RBC HISTOGRAM IN DIAGNOSIS OF ANAEMIA IN PREGNANT FEMALES.
Authors: M Preethi. , A.Z Ashraf , Anand A.S. , P.J Yaranal
Published: December 2020

Background: Red Blood Cell (RBC) histogram is a graphic representation of particle size distribution (cell frequencies verses size). RBC histogram with complete blood cell counts by automated analyser provides an idea about morphological changes of red blood cells in anaemias. Peripheral smear examination (PBS) helps in diagnosing different types of anaemias by visualizing abnormal shape and size, arrangement and immature red cells. This study was intended to analyze various types of anemia in pregnant women and to correlate RBC indices, RBC histogram with peripheral smear.
Aims and Objectives:
1) To Correlate RBC indices, RBC histogram with peripheral smear in anemic pregnant women.
2) To categorize the type of anemia based on RBC indices, histogram and peripheral smear.
Materials and Methods: Venous blood sample was run in SYSMEX XNL/350 six-part analyser. The haematological investigations of CBC, red blood cell indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) and RBC histogram were obtained by analyser. Peripheral blood smear study was performed.
Results: The present study included 55 cases among which in decreasing order of frequency, NNA (50.9%) was more common followed by MHA (40%), macrocytic anaemia (3.63%) and dimorphic anaemia (5.45%), as categorized by peripheral smear examination. Analysis by erythrocyte indices and histogram showed similar findings except in normocytic, microcytic and dimorphic which were 13.63%, 32.14% and 1.8% respectively. The correlation was done between the diagnosis made by the two methods which showed 76% concordance and discordance of 23.63%.
Conclusion: Findings of the present study shows automated analyzer correlated well with PBS in cases of macrocytic and dimorphic anemia, compared to normocytic normochromic and microcytic hypochromic anaemia. As, RBC histogram with RBC indices and PBS are supplementary to each other, both should be used in conjunction for accurate diagnosis.
HAEMATOETIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SPLENOMEGALY
Authors: Prabhakar Y.V.S. , Teja Vasireddy , Vasundhara Ponnaganti
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:
Splenomegaly is usually the result of an underlying disorder.Causes ranging from infections to haematological malignancies.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES :
Present study aims to find out the frequency of various haematological causes of splenomegaly and to study its haematological parameters .
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
This descriptive case series study was carried out at Department of Medicine at Nri General Hospital from 1st March 2019 to 31st August 2019,over a period of six months. 100 patients older than 13 years of age with clinically enlarged spleen were selected for this study. Sampling technique is Non propability convinient sampling. After getting informed consent from the patients proforma filled elaborating history, important clinical findings and investigations like abdominal ultrasound , complete blood picture , liver function tests , virals were performed.
RESULTS:
Males (57%) are most commonly affected than females (43%). The most common age group in males was 41-50 yrs and females was 21-30 yrs. The maximum cases were identified with moderate splenomegaly.Among the haematological causes 57% were leukemias,of which 30% were chronic and 27% were acute .
CONCLUSION :
Splenomegaly in a symptomatic person should always be investigated thoroughly as most of the cases are treatable. Haematological parameters with enlarged spleen is utmost important as an additional tool in evaluating the etiopathogenesis of splenomegaly.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ROLE OF WOMEN IN RURAL SOCIETY
Authors: Rukimani Rukimani
Published: December 2020

In the research paper presented, women have not found the real place of women in our country and society. Without these age-old traditions and evils, women cannot cope with it, and they will remain trapped in the same old customs and occultism, which is why women cannot take decisions free from all restrictions. We have to change their thinking towards ourselves.
Role of BCG Vaccination in prevention of COVID-19 infection amongst the health care workers
Authors: Agrawal Renu , Kapur Sunil , Kapur Shimona
Published: December 2020

Objective : To find out the role of additional dose of BCG vaccination in health care workers in prevention of COVID-19 infection
Study design : A prospective study to find out the incidence of COVID 19 infection in healthcare worker exposed to COVID-19 indoor patients by doing RT- PCR testing at the end of 15 days of COVID duty.
Setting : The study was conducted at Noida COVID Hospital, Noida District Hospital and Superspecialilty PG Teaching institute (SSPGTI) hospital, Noida
Result : No Health care worker who received additional dose dose of BCG vaccination contracted COVID infection as confirmed by RT-PCR at the end of 15 days of indoor COVID duty (Nil out of 80 healthcare workers) whereas in controls i.e. those who were not vaccinated 28 out of 130 controls contracted COVID-19 infection.
Conclusion : Additional dose of BCG vaccination after the age of 20 year in healthcare workers engaged in care of admitted COVID-19 patients has a protective role since the COVID status of the patients attending hospitals for any other ailments is not known routine BCG immunization of the medical staff is recommended
A STUDY ON LEVELS OF CHOLINESTERASE IN PLEURAL FLUIDS OF DIVERSE ETIOLOGIES
Authors: MR Manohar , Shetty Deepti , VM Vikram
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Acetylcholinesterase , also known as true, specific, type I cholinesterase or RBC cholinesterase: It is found in nervous tissue, erythrocytes, lungs, spleen and grey matter. It is decreased in pernicious anaemia and after antimalarial therapy. Methodology: Patients participating in the study were explained about the procedure, technique and complications of pleural fluid aspiration. Pleural fluid aspiration was performed under strict aseptic precautions after analysing the fluid levels by percussion and chest x-rays. In few of the cases, ultrasonography-guided pleural fluid aspiration was performed. Results: The mean values of pleural fluid cholinesterase levels were 806.26 + 516.28 U/L in the transudates group and 3476.11 + 1250.17 U/L in the exudates group. The normal levels of cholinesterase varies between laboratories. The cut-off value is 1/10th of the upper limit of normal level of cholinesterase in the respective laboratory. Conclusion: In this study Light’s criteria had a sensitivity of 91.9% and specificity of 87.3% in comparison to pleural fluid to serum cholinesterase ratio that had a sensitivity of 96.8% and specificity of 95.2%.
CRANIAL ULTRASOUND IN DETECTION OF NEUROLOGICAL LESIONS IN PRETERM NEONATES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL – A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Gupta Badri kumar , Gupta Nand kishor , Yaday Prem , Mukhi Sadan
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Incomplete formation and maturation of the central nervous system makes it extremely vulnerable to injury, in the case of premature neonates. This can result in a broad range of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Cranial ultrasound is a sensitive tool for the early detection of these.Preterm neonates, defined as childbirth occurring at less than 37 completed weeks of gestation, is a major determinant of neonatal mortality and morbidity because of their greater risk for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The morbidity associated with preterm birth often extends to later life, resulting in enormous physical, psychological and economic costs. Currently, many imaging modalities are available like Cranial Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging to detect the intracranial abnormalities in these neonates. However advantages of Cranial Ultrasonography are easy availability, not expensive, easy to perform, quick, can be done at bedside, repeatable and radiation free. The aims of the study were to identify the severity of brain injuries by grading the neurosonographic findings and to correlate the clinical presentations with the neurosonographic findings.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is done in Department of pediatrics in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Universal College of Medical Sciences ,a tertiary care hospital, Bhairahawa. This cross-sectional study comprise of 60 preterm neonates, referred to Department of Radio diagnosis for cranial ultrasonogram. Ultrasound examination of the neonatal brain done through anterior fontanelle in coronal and sagittal planes within 1st week using healthcare logiq p6 pro ultrasound machine.
RESULTS: In this cross-sectional study of 60 neonates, 46 were male and 14 were female. Among 60 babies, 30 (50%) showed normal study and remaining 30 (50%) showed abnormal scan. Among the cases which were abnormal on scan most common finding was GMH (33.3%) and next commonest was periventricular leucomalacia (PVL- 16.7%) noted in 10 babies.
CONCLUSION: Cranial ultrasonography is the best point of care neuroimaging method available for high-risk neonates. It is critical as an investigatory modality in NICU and effectively documents morphology of cerebral damage.
A STUDY ON ANALGESIA PROVIDED BY ULTRASOUND GUIDED FASCIA ILIACA COMPARTMENT BLOCK WITH AND WITHOUT PARACETAMOL: EFFECT ON HEMODYNAMICS DURING INTUBATION
Authors: HN Preethi , C Pawan Kumar , BM Ravishankar
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Paracetamol acts by the inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (COX) mediated production of Prostaglandin unlike the non steroidal anti inflammatory agents, so it was found that tissue inflammation was not reduced. Methodology: A detailed pre-anaesthetic checkup carried out in each patient. Patient is kept nil per orally 6 hours prior to surgery, i.v line secured, pre medicated with Inj Ranitidine 50mg iv, Inj Ondansetron 4mg iv and IVF Ringer Lactate infusion at 100ml/hr 3 hours prior to surgery. Results: Among the patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia in fracture femur surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in Blood pressure, Mean arterial pressure (MAP) between the groups. Conclusion: Among the patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia in fracture femur surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in Oxygen saturation (SpO2) between the groups
COMPARISON OF THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TRANSVAGINAL CERVICAL LENGTH AT 11-14 WEEKS AND AT 20-22 WEEKS OF GESTATION IN PRETERM LABOUR
Authors: Mangalampeta Sudha Rani
Published: December 2020

Background: Preterm labour is defined as the onset of labour before 37 weeks of gestation, in pregnancy beyond 20 weeks of gestation, and is responsible for nearly 75% of all neonatal mortality and neurological morbidity. Cervical length (CL) is one of the major determinants of preterm delivery. Several studies have been able to conclude that transvaginal CL assessment may be a useful tool for the prediction of preterm delivery. The risk of preterm birth varies inversely with CL measured by ultrasound in low-risk women.
Objective: To evaluate and compare the predictive value of transvaginal cervical length between 11-14 weeks and 20- 22 weeks of gestation in preterm labour.
Material and Methods: A total of 264 pregnant women who were primigravida, singleton pregnancy, and women at gestational age 11-14 weeks and 20-22 weeks were included in the study. They were subjected for CL measurement at 11-14 and 20-22 weeks of gestation using transvaginal ultrasonography with the standard longitudinal view of the cervix while the patient’s bladder was empty. GEL VOLUSON 730 PRO Trans Vaginal Ultrasound (TVS) probe IC 5-9 H instrument with 5-9 MHz was used to measure CL.
Results: The variables analyzed were the mean cervical length at 11-14 weeks and 20-22 weeks, the rate of shortening of cervical length in those who deliver at term and preterm and the cervical length at 11-14 weeks 20-22 weeks was correlated with gestational age at delivery and the predictive value of the same was determined. Cut-off of cervical length at 11-14 and 20-22 weeks of gestation was 3.73 cm and 2.89 and was statistically significant for the prediction of pre-term labour. Reduction in cervical length from 11-14 weeks to 20-22 weeks of gestation of more than 0.7 cm is predictive of preterm labour with statistical significance (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Routine mid-pregnancy cervical length assessment in low-risk women can be a cost-effective method of preterm birth reduction but the implementation of such a policy is highly dependent upon local factors. If it is to be undertaken, cervical length assessment should be performed according to a standardized technique.
PATTERN AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH Β- THALASSEMIA IN REPEATED BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Authors: Badakali Ashok , Shetty Deepti , MR Manohar
Published: December 2020

Chronic transfusions inevitably lead to iron overload as humans cannot actively remove excess iron. The cumulative effects of iron overload lead to significant morbidity and mortality, if untreated. The combination of transfusion and chelation therapy has dramatically extended the life expectancy of thalassemia patients, but with complications like hypocalcaemia. Hence, present study was undertaken to determine pattern and clinical profile of patients with β- thalassemia who are receiving repeated blood transfusion
Methods:
Hospital based study conducted at S. Nijalingappa Medical College and Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar hospital, Bagalkot. The study period was one and half year from 2015 to 2016. 53 beta thalassemia major cases fulfilling inclusion criteria were investigated after an informed consent, for serum calcium, serum phosphorous, serum ALP and paratharmone levels.
Result:
Among 53 transfusion dependent children studied, the mean age is 5.249 years. The study consisted of 32 (60.4%) males and 21 (39.6%) females. Maximum number of cases i.e. 29 (54.7%) were diagnosed at the age of 4-6 months. 50 (94.3%) were on iron chelation therapy. The mean serum calcium is 8.28 + 0.89 mg/dl. The mean serum phosphate is 6.40 + 0.80mg/dl, mean PTH is 14.96 + 15.49ng/L. The mean value of serum phosphate level is 14.96 + 15.49 ng/L. The mean ALP is 166.789 U/L.
Conclusion:
To get better results, regular testing is needed to detect the complications of the early stages with proper treatment of the factors and complications. Therefore, should be monitored to avoid complication related to hypocalcemia.
ATTENUATION OF HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO LARYNGOSCOPY AND ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION WITH INTRAVENOUS DEXMEDETOMIDINE IN PAEDIATRIC AGE GROUP
Authors: Rajanalini N. , R Selvin Durai.
Published: December 2020

Laryngoscopic manipulation and endotracheal intubation are noxious stimulus capable of producing tachycardia, arrhythmia, bronchospasm, larygospasm and hypertension.Dexmedetomidine is an Alpha 2 agonist with documented stress attenuation property. Dexmedetomidine has been seldom studied in Paediatric age This study was conducted in a view to find out the optimal dose of Dexmedetomidine for stress attenuation. To attenuate the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with 3 different doses of intravenous Dexmedetomidine in Paediatric age group and to find out the optimal dose required for it. Paediatric patientswith sample size 90 undergoing Enucleation & Curettage for Adenotonsillitis, were enrolled for the study. Patients were divided into 3 groups (30 each) receiving: Group A 0.5mcg/kg of Dexmedetomidine. Group B 0.75mcg/kg of Dexmedetomidine. Group C 1mcg/kg of Dexmedetomidine. It was given as 20ml infusion over 10mins.The hemodynamic response was better obtunded in Group B and Group C, when compared with Group A.There was no clinically significant difference between Group B and Group C in any of the parameters at any point of time. So the dose of 0.75mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine is adequate to produce desired stress attenuation with minimal side effects compared to 1mcg/kg. Dexmedetomidine in a dose of 0.75mcg/kg is the optimal dose to attenuate stress response to larygngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with minimal adverse effects.
HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING LOWER LIMB ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERIES UNDER HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE WITH CLONIDINE IN TWO DIFFERENT DOSES
Authors: HN Preethi , NV Santhosh , BM Ravishankar
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Absorption of local anaesthetics is determined by site of injection, dosage and addition of a vasoconstrictor. Absorption is faster in regions of higher vascularity and also in some regions eg. Absorption of drug after inter-costal block is faster than after brachial plexus block. Higher dosage tends to be absorbed faster. Addition of vasoconstrictor does not prolong the duration of action of bupivacaine significantly but decrease its absorption. Methodology: Baseline heart rate, non Invasive blood pressure, spo2, respiratory rate was recorded every minute for 5 minute, then every 5 minutes till 1 hour of surgery, then every 15 minutes till the end of surgery postoperatively every 30 minutes till patients complain of pain. Results: Heart rate variability noticed and compared between the two groups in our study revealed a significant difference in the mean heart rate between Group BC30 and Group BC60 at 1,10,15,20,25 and 30 minute respectively. Otherwise the mean HR of the Groups are comparable at other time intervals. Conclusion: However, there was not statistical difference in the incidence of bradycardia noted between the two groups.
CLINICAL, BIOCHEMICALAND HORMONE PROFILE IN HIRSUTE VS NONHIRSUTE PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: Prasanthi Amaladasu
Published: December 2020

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrinopathy present with variety of phenotypes with broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. Hyperandrogenism characterized with the presence of hirsutism remains an important feature of PCOS. Aim: The present study was conducted to assess difference in the clinical, biochemical and hormone profile in hirsute and non-hirsute females with PCOS. Methods: Detailed physical and clinical history was taken in all subjects. Hormonal and biochemical assays were performed by ECLIA. Results: 105 normoglycemic cases were enrolled for this study. The mean age of patients was 22.19 ±4.4 years and the mean age of menarche was 13.3±1.4 years. Acne was present in more than 50% of our cases. 81% cases were hirsute and only 19% were non- hirsute. Mean fasting blood glucose and triglycerides were found to be statistically significant between the two groups. A positive trend of hirsutism was found to be associated with irregular cycles and family history of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Conclusion: The mean blood glucose and triglycerides was elevated in hirsute PCOS, while as BMI, weight and waist circumference was slightly elevated in non-hirsute PCOS females.
CLINICO-MICROBIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS IN PATIENTS FROM A TERTIARY CARE IN CENTRAL INDIA
Authors: Meena Mamta , Arora Nitesh , Meena Raghvendra Singh
Published: December 2020

Infective endocarditis is one of the prevalent diseases in india which effects heart endothelium, which is quite prevalent in india and other developing countries, this study highlights the clinic-microbiological parameters of patients with infective endocarditis presenting in a tertiary care institute in India. Materials and methods: A retrospective study based on evaluation and systematic review of 118 patients admitted in department of cardiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal of Definitely diagnosed infective endocarditis, based on modified dukes criteria(1). The demographic Details of patients such as age, sex, clinical findings, prior antibiotic usage were noted along with three sets of blood cultures were sent for microbiological profile. The specimens were processed using BACTec 9240 automated system. Results : the mean age being 30 years, ranging between 20-70 years, with major of the age group being 41- 50 years.(table 1) with male predominance (M:F 1.4:1). Most of the Patients presented with complain of fever(67.7%,n=80), infective emboli (17.7%,n=21). Majority of the patients had Native valve endocarditis(83.05%,n=98){ 25.5%(n=25.5) culture positive Vs 74.4%(n=73) culture negative} and 16.9%(n=20) had prosthetic valve endocarditis{ 65% (n=13) were culture positive Vs 35%(n=7) culture negative} with most common underlying heart conditions being rheumatic heart disease77.9%(n=92), prosthetic heart valve 16.9%(n=20), ASD 1.6%(n=2), VSD 3.3%(n=4). The most common valve involved as mitral valve(50%, n=59) followed by aortic(28%,n=23.7), tricuspid (17.7%n=21) and lastly pulmonary valve(8.4%, n=10).The microbiological spectra noted in NVE culture positive cases the most common organism isolated were Streptococcus mitis(36% n=9), Streptococcus sanguinis(12%,n=3),Streptococcus pyogenes (12%n=3). Whereas in PVE culture positive cases the most common organism isolated were Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (30.7%,n=4), Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (30.7%, n=4), Methicillin Resistant Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCONS) (23.0,n=3),Streptococcus pyogenes(15.3%n=2).