bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Амплитудная, балансная и однополосная модуляции Хартли
Authors: Коханов Александр Борисович
Published: December 2022

Разработан новый вид модуляции — амплитудная модуляция Хартли (АМХ), которая отличается от амплитудной модуляции (АМ) наличием двух ортогональных составляющих амплитудно-модулированного сигнала, что позволяет увеличить коэффициент полезного действия АМХ до 90%  по сравнению с 33%  обычной АМ при максимальном значении индекса модуляции М = 1. В качестве сигнала несущей частоты используется сумма сигналов косинусной и синусной составляющих, что соответствует функции cas(a) = cos(a) + sin(a), которая применяется в качестве ядра преобразования Хартли. На основе АМХ разработаны двухполосная амплитудная модуляция Хартли БМХ (балансная модуляция Хартли) и  амплитудная модуляция с одной боковой полосой Хартли (ОБПХ). Показано, что АМХ, БМХ, ОБПХ модуляции обеспечивают энергетический выигрыш 6 дБ, что позволяет увеличить дальность связи в два раза по сравнению с использованием АМ, балансной модуляцией (БМ) и модуляцией с одной боковой полосой (ОБП) при прочих равных условиях передачи и приема сигналов. При сохранении заданной дальности связи без изменения можно понизить мощность передатчика при использовании АМХ, БМХ, ОБПХ модуляций в 4 раза по сравнению с АМ, БМ и ОБП модуляциями соответственно. Применение АМХ и ОБПХ модуляций позволяет осуществлять передачу узкополосных сигналов на значительные расстояния на длинных, средних и коротких волнах через ионосферные каналы связи с высокой эффективностью, где использование широкополосных сигналов затруднительно.
Захист когерентно-імпульсних РЛС від комбінованих завад. 4. Адаптивні системи сумісної просторово-часової обробки сигналів на фоні комбінованих завад на основі двовимірних АРФ
Authors: Рябуха Вячеслав Петрович , Семеняка Андрій Вікторович , Катюшин Євген Анатолійович , Атаманський Дмитро Володимирович
Published: December 2022

Четверта стаття циклу, присвяченого сучасним методам захисту когерентно-імпульсних РЛС від комбінованих завад (адитивна суміш внутрішнього шуму, маскуючих активних шумових і пасивних завад). Пропонуються структури адаптивної системи сумісної просторово-часової обробки сигналів (ПЧОС) на фоні маскуючих комбінованих завад на основі двовимірного адаптивного решітчастого фільтру з матричними елементарними решітчастими фільтрами. У них усуваються суттєві енергетичні втрати адаптивних систем роздільної ПЧОС, зумовлені некласифікованістю навчальних вибірок шумових і пасивних завад при оцінюванні вагових векторів просторової та міжперіодної обробки сигналів і необхідністю запам'ятовування просторового вагового вектора на час міжперіодної компенсації пасивних завад. Наводяться результати математичного моделювання розробленої паралельно-послідовної адаптивної системи сумісної ПЧОС із зменшеним числом операцій комплексного множення порівняно з прямим обертанням кореляційної матриці завад, що підтвердили її високу ефективність.
Компактний мікросмужковий направлений відгалужувач у топологічному виконанні на багатошаровій платі
Authors: Роман Ларион Алексеевич , Мартынюк Сергей Евстафьевич , Василенко Дмитрий Алексеевич
Published: December 2022

В роботі представлено компактний мікросмужковий направлений відгалужувач (МНВ) на зв’язаних лініях, багатошарова топологія якого оптимізована для роботи в L-діапазоні частот. Особливістю конструкції запропонованого МНВ є те, що верхня металізація багатошарового пакету друкованої плати використовується для сигнальних провідників, а міжшарові переходи плати здійснено в металізації екрану для збільшення робочої товщини підкладки в області розташування зв’язаних ліній. Представлено і експериментально верифіковано оригінальну методику синтезу топології мікросмужкового пристрою, яка враховує вплив на характеристики втрат в металі і мінімізує необхідну кількість проміжних тестових плат на практиці.
Максимізація робочої смуги частот мікросмужко-щілинного переходу
Authors: Дубровка Федір Федорович , Ткаченко Костянтин Олександрович , Саратов Євген Михайлович
Published: December 2022

В статті розглянуто фактори які впливають на ширину смуги пропускання мікросмужко-щілинного переходу. На основі цього запропоновано рекомендації щодо максимізації робочого діапазону частот. Для цього розглянуто вплив хвильових опорів короткозамкненого і розімкненого шлейфів. Також представлено формулу розрахунку коефіцієнта передачі, що враховує вплив електромагнітного зв’язку переходу. Продемонстровано теоретичний вплив на коефіцієнт передачі зменшення коефіцієнту електромагнітного зв’язку.
Математичне моделювання роботи FMCW-радара: сигнал зондування
Authors: Павлов Олег Ігоревич , Гусева Олена Володимирівна , Ящишин Євген Михайлович , Наритнік Теодор Миколайович , Сайко Володимир , Авдєєнко Гліб Леонідович
Published: December 2022

В роботі представлено моделі зміни миттєвої частоти, миттєвої фази та самого сигналу в будь-який момент часу для складного широкосмугового двобічного нескінченного неперервного сигналу FMCW-радара (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) з лінійною частотною модуляцією (ЛЧМ), закон зміни якої має форму рівнобічного трикутника. Запропоновані моделі є простими в реалізації і можуть бути корисними при подальшому моделюванні в дискретному часі роботи FMCW-радара та будь-яких процесів в ньому. При цьому з’являється можливість отримати складний широкосмуговий сигнал як результат часового аналізу, а не обрахунок складних аналітичних викладок. Моделі враховують різні варіанти розповсюдження, включаючи випадок сигналу, який випромінюється рухомим передавачем, поширюється в бік рухомої цілі, відбивається від неї та повертається до рухомого приймача. Можливість визначення окремих значень сигналу в довільні моменти часу на нескінченому часовому інтервалі дозволяє врахувати не тільки ефект Доплера, як зміну окремої частоти коливання, пов’язану з рухом радара та цілі, але також зміну форми і тривалості складного сигналу, та зсув спектру і зміну його ширини. Моделі дозволяють здійснювати моделювання зміни швидкості годинників в передавачі та приймачі через зміну частот дискретизації в їх АЦП та ЦАП.
Широкосмуговий перехід із коаксіальної лінії на круглий хвилевід
Authors: Дубровка Федір Федорович , Саратов Євген Михайлович
Published: December 2022

В роботі розроблено та експериментально досліджено широкосмуговий перехід із коаксіальної лінії на круглий хвилевід. Перехід складається з послідовно-з’єднаних секцій–переходів на основі мікросмужкової лінії, антиподальної хвилевідно-щілинної лінії (ХЩЛ) з перекриттям гребенів і без перекриття гребенів, білатеральної ХЩЛ та плавного переходу з прямокутного хвилеводу на круглий. Використання ХЩЛ забезпечує технологічність та повторюваність електричних характеристик переходу. Результати електродинамічного моделювання характеристик відбиття добре узгоджуються з результатами експериментального дослідження. Розроблений перехід із коаксіальної лінії на круглий хвилевід забезпечує рівень коефіцієнта відбиття не більше –10 дБ в діапазоні робочих частот 8–18 ГГц.
Метод багатократних відбиттів у задачі конструктивного синтезу поляризаторів і фазозсувачів на основі трьох недисипативних неоднорідностей у хвилеводі
Authors: Дубровка Федір Федорович , Булашенко Андрій Васильович
Published: December 2022

У статті наведено результати розробки аналітичного методу конструктивного синтезу хвилевідних поляризаторів і фазозсувачів на основі трьох недисипативних неоднорідних елементів. Аналітичний синтез таких пристроїв здійснено на основі розв’язку задачі поширення електромагнітних хвиль у відрізку хвилевода з трьома недисипативними неоднорідностями методом багатократних відбиттів в однохвильовому наближенні. Запропонований підхід дозволив отримати ясне фізичне обґрунтування математичного формулювання умов аналітичного синтезу поляризаторів і фазозсувачів на основі трьох недисипативних неоднорідностей у хвилеводі. В результаті отримано прості формули, які визначають параметри фазозсувних елементів та електричну відстань між ними, при яких відсутні відбиття та забезпечується потрібний фазовий зсув. Конструктивний синтез поляризатора здійснений з умов рівності необхідних та реальних провідностей реактивних елементів у хвилеводі та їх похідних на центральній частоті робочого діапазону частот. В результаті визначено оптимальні геометричні розміри конструкції пристрою. Показано, що поляризатор на основі трьох штирів у квадратному хвилеводі може забезпечити робочу смугу частот 10% при відбитті електромагнітної енергії менше 1% і диференціальному фазовому зсуві Δφ = 90° ± 1°, та робочу смугу частот до 18% при допустимому відбитті 10% енергії і диференціальному фазовому зсуві Δφ = 90° ± 2°. Теоретичні результати підтверджено високоточним електродинамічним моделюванням та експериментально на виготовленому експериментальному зразку оригінального керованого поляризатора Х-діапазону з максимально плоскою фазо-частотною характеристикою на основі трьох симетричних металевих штирів, що вводяться у круглий хвилевід. Розроблений аналітичний метод конструктивного синтезу хвилеводних поляризаторів на основі трьох неоднорідностей призначений як для самостійного використання, так і для отримання початкових значень розмірів поляризаційного пристрою з метою кардинального пришвидшення пошуку глобального екстремуму в процесі багатопараметричної оптимізації при високоточному конструктивному синтезі такого пристрою на електродинамічному рівні з урахуванням вищих типів хвиль та взаємодії між неоднорідностями на вищих типах хвиль.
Food security in conflict and peacebuilding settings: beyond a humanitarian concern
Authors: Delgado C. , Tschunkert K.
Published: December 2022

The article provides a global overview of the food security and conflict situation and discusses the two-way relationship between violent conflict and food security. On the one hand, violent conflict directly impacts food systems, affecting people’s ability to produce, trade, and access food. On the other, heightened food insecurity can contribute to the emergence and duration of conflict. The pathways leading from violent conflict to food insecurity or from food insecurity to conflict are highly complex and deeply contextual. The article draws from major current conflict settings to illustrate these complexities, including the unfolding armed conflict in Ukraine, with implications for food security felt far beyond the conflict-affected areas. The article concludes by arguing that there is an urgent need for incorporating a peace and conflict lens when conceptualising food security to promote a more holistic response across humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding spheres to the rapidly increasing levels of food insecurity. In doing so, it is fundamental to consider agency within a framing of food security. This factor is largely missing from the dominant technocratic or purely economic understanding of food security.
El trabajo docente en escuelas indígenas multigrado
Authors: Gastelum Glenda Delgado , Villavicencio Guadalupe Tinajero
Published: December 2022

En este artículo analizamos el trabajo docente realizado por dos maestros del noroeste de México en una escuela indígena multigrado. El servicio indígena de Baja California atiende mayormente a niños de los grupos originarios de otros estados del país que llegaron junto con sus padres, la mayoría jornaleros agrícolas, en busca de trabajo. Desde un enfoque cualitativo el estudio incluye entrevistas en profundidad a dos docentes, observación en espacios de discusión de los colectivos docentes y de la práctica in situ de un profesor durante el cierre de las escuelas por la contingencia sanitaria provocada por el COVID-19. Los hallazgos revelan la organización de las actividades cotidianas docentes inherentes a la organización multigrado, las tareas adicionales a la enseñanza, las formas de participación promovidas por los docentes, y las diferentes manifestaciones y dificultades de su práctica. La educación domiciliaria de la docencia indígena, para continuar enseñando a los alumnos de las zonas rurales, es el hallazgo más significativo.
Tramas de las desigualdades: mujeres rurales en la educación superior universitaria, Salta Argentina
Authors: Soriano Gonzalo Victor Humberto , Ossola Maria Macarena
Published: December 2022

Este artículo presenta el análisis de las diversas posiciones sociales que ocupan mujeres jóvenes que se desplazan de su lugar de origen en el contexto rural (San Carlos, Salta, Argentina) hacia la capital de la provincia para realizar estudios en la Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa). Tomamos en cuenta que este grupo de mujeres jóvenes transitan por diferentes experiencias en la institución universitaria, en las cuales son interpeladas a partir de su condición social, etaria, rural y de género. Tales experiencias conforman un campo de múltiples sentidos en los que se entremezclan la diversidad cultural, el esfuerzo por lograr un título académico, como así también históricas relaciones de desigualdad.
Remote assessment: case study from Ukrainian higher education institutions
Authors: Kocha Inna , Baidiuk Nataliia , Stepanova Nataliia , Nenko Yuliia
Published: December 2022

This study narrates the implementation of remote assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic education in Ukrainian higher education institutions, based on exploring the reflections of 600 students and 150 educators. A wide range of student and faculty members experiences from Ukrainian higher education institutions were aggregated and analyzed. The data were collected through the Google Forms survey. The research focuses on the challenges of remote e-learning assessment during the COVID-19 crisis encountered by Ukrainian educators and learners and the approaches adopted to overcome them: learning designs, technological solutions, evaluation systems, and academic integrity measures. The current study also looks at the currently used platforms and applications that can assist in enhancing academic integrity and reinforcing education during pandemics and the various technological interventions to teaching, learning, and assessing that have been introduced or continued in higher education institutions around the world, and how they may have helped reduce the likelihood of students committing misconduct during the pandemic's emergency distance learning. The major outcome implies that addressing the issues of online assessment, cheating, and plagiarism on multiple levels is necessary, including boosting student knowledge and ethics; overcoming the resistance of the conservative part of the participants in the educational process to educational innovations due to the relatively low level of their mastery of modern educational technologies; training teachers to detect cheating methods; and applying severe sanctions on those who engage in such practices.
MENJAGA NILAI-NILAI KESALINGAN DALAM MENJALANKAN HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN SUAMI ISTRI PERSPEKTIF FIKIH MUBADALAH
Authors: Hermanto Agus
Published: December 2022

Laki-laki adalah kepala rumah tangga dan istri adalah ibu rumah tangga. Begitulah paradigm yang tertanam dalam masyarakat kita pada umumnya, karena selama ini laki-laki selalu menjadi yang utama digarda depan sedangkan istri selalu di wilayah yang terbatas. Yang menjadi masalah adalah bahwa secara kontekstual, peran perempuan tidak lagi di wilayah domestic semata, melainkan juga telah banyak yang berperan diluar rumah untuk membantu suami mencari nafkah. Yang menjadi pertanyaan adalah bagaimanakah hak dan kewajiban suami istri dapat dilakukan dalam konteks ini? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan sebuah rekonstruksi terhadap hak dan kewajiban baru yang bercorakkan fikih mubadalah. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian pustaka, jenis kualitatif dengan pendekatan mubadalah. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa mitra antara laki-laki dan perempuan dalam mewujudkan keadilan dalam rumah tangga, harus adanya kesalingan, seperti halnya saling bermusyawarah, saling mewujudkan demokrasi dan saling berbuat baik dalam pergaulan.
The husband is the head of the household and the wife is the housewife, that is the paradigm that is embedded in our society in general. So far, the husband has always been in the forefront while the wife has always been in a limited area. Contextually, the problem is that the role of women is no longer only in the domestic area, but also has many roles outside the home to help husbands earn a living. The focus of this research is how the rights and obligations of husband and wife can be carried out in this context? The purpose of this study was to determine the values ​​of mutuality in the new rights and obligations which are characterized by mublah fiqh. This research is a literature review, qualitative type with a mubadalah approach. The results of this study are that partners between men and women in realizing justice in the household must have mutual values, such as mutual deliberation, mutual democracy and doing good in relationships.
REKONSTRUKSI NALAR HUKUM ISLAM KONTEMPORER MUHAMMAD SHAHRUR DAN KONTEKSTUALISASINYA
Authors: Juliansyahzen Muhammad Iqbal
Published: December 2022

Artikel ini mendiskusikan pemikiran tokoh Muslim kontemporer yang menuai pro-kontra terhadap konstruksi metodologi hukum Islam yaitu Muhammad Shahrur. Ia digolongkan oleh sarjana Muslim ke dalam kelompok pembaharu dengan spirit liberalism keagamaan yang cenderung mendobrak tradisi keilmuan klasik. Menurutnya, pemikiran Islam secara umum memiliki beberapa problem akademik yang serius, baik secara metodologis, historis maupun substansi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, Shahrur membangun sejumlah prinsip penafsiran dan konstruksi fiqh baru. Di antara prinsip tersebut, Shahrur menawarkan nalar berfikir dalam memahami kedudukan Al-Qur’an. Salah satu kontribusi penting Shahrur dalam konteks pembacaan teks keagamaan adalah konsep batas (theory of limits). Menurutnya, Al-Qur’an selalu menyebutkan bahwa syariat hanya menentukan batas-batas tertentu, karena sifat dari Al-Qur’an adalah universal bagi setiap generasi. Oleh karena itu, proses ijtihad menjadi sikap gerak dalam menafsirkan Al-Qur’an sesuai dengan realitas kondisi zaman. Dalam artikel ini juga dibahas mengenai aplikasi dan kontekstualisasi teori Shahrur terhadap persoalan hukum Islam yaitu poligami, jilbab, dan milk al-yamin. Dalam merespons persoalan tersebut, Shahrur menekankan pembacaan yang komprehensif dengan mengupas relasi antar ayat baik secara kebahasaan dan analisis mendalam dengan terhadap struktur ayat, maupun membaca realitas kontemporer serta menekankan pola “pembacaan kedua” untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih segar dan kontekstual.
This article discusses the thoughts of contemporary Muslim figures who reap the pros and cons of the construction of Islamic law methodology, namely Muhammad Shahrur. He is classified by Muslim scholars into a group of reformers with the spirit of religious liberalism which tends to break the classical scientific tradition. According to him, Islamic thought, in general, has several serious academic problems, both methodologically, historically, and substantively. Based on this, Shahrur developed a number of principles of interpretation and construction of new fiqh. Among these principles, Shahrur constructs reason in understanding the position of the Qur'an. One of Shahrur's important contributions in the context of reading religious texts is the concept of limits (theory of limits). According to him, the Qur'an always mentions that the Shari'a only determines certain limits, because the nature of the Qur'an is universal for every generation. Therefore, the process of ijtihad becomes an attitude of movement in interpreting the Qur'an in accordance with the reality of the conditions of the times. This article also discusses the application and contextualization of Shahrur's theory to issues of Islamic law, namely polygamy, hijab, and milk al-yamin. In responding to this problem, Shahrur emphasized a comprehensive reading by exploring the relationship between verses both linguistically and in-depth analysis with the structure of the verse, as well as reading the contemporary reality.
Radical Decomposition: Unravelling Agencies in the Art of Zanele Muholi, Jean Brundrit, and Nolan Oswald Dennis
Authors: Stielau Anna
Published: December 2022

For understandable reasons, global discourses around queer, feminist, and decolonial activism are unified by an emphasis on action, the agential, and the productive. Doing is what matters most, hence the critical focus of this special issue on how the doing gets done, or the forms that most effectively transmit action. However, these discourses risk reproducing the hard binaries by which political activity has historically been assessed, including success/ failure and resistance/passivity - in other words, they can unintentionally reinforce a racialized and gendered dichotomy between those who do things in the world and those who are simply undone by it. Such binaries further scaffold progress narratives that have long been weaponized against populations in the global South, founding good subjects, proper objects, legitimate politics, and viable futures in line with agendas set elsewhere. In this article, I turn to contemporary South African art to ask a different question: what might we learn from scenes of undoing instead? What expanded repertoire of actions, affects, alliances, and options emerges when we are sensitive to how decompositions, not just compositions, reroute agency, mediate relations, and make worlds? My article explores decomposition as a literal and figurative method in recent works by Zanele Muholi, Jean Brundrit, and Nolan Oswald Dennis, three South African artists who do not all align with notions of visual activism proper. But by placing pressure on the unruliness, vulnerabilities, and expressive limits of form and material, I argue that each artist usefully troubles the figure in whom normative notions of political agency are supposed to reside. In so doing, they sensitise their audiences to how vectors of precaritization and (in)capacity intersect today, unravelling the linear means-ends logics that conventionally underwrite theories of both art and activism.
On the Additive and Subtractive Representation of Even Numbers from Primes
Authors: Shehu Ali , Uka Jetmira
Published: December 2022

We demonstrate a new quantitative method to the sieve of Eratosthenes, which is an alternative to the sieve of Legendre. In this method, every element of a given set is sifted out once only, and therefore, this method is free of the Mobius function and of the parity barrier. Using this method, we prove that every sufficiently large even number is the sum of two primes, and that every even number is the difference of two primes in infinitely many ways.
On Duality Principles and Related Convex Dual Formulations Suitable for Local and Global Non-Convex Variational Optimization
Authors: Botelho Fabio
Published: December 2022

This article develops duality principles and related convex dual formulations suitable for the local and global optimization of non-convex primal formulations for a large class of models in physics and engineering. The results are based on standard tools of functional analysis, calculus of variations and duality theory. In particular, we develop applications to a Ginzburg-Landau type equation.
TiNi-based Material with Shape Memory Effect for Surgical Treatment of Diseases of Small Intestine in Newborn and Young Children
Authors: Anikeev Sergey , Kaftaranova Maria , Hodorenko Valentina , Ivanov Stanislav , Artyukhova Nadezhda , Shabalina Anastasiia V. , Kulinich Sergei A. , Slizovsky Grigory , Mokshin Anatolii V. , Gunther Viсtor
Published: December 2022

Alloys based on TiNi are widely used in various fields of technology and medicine. In the present work, we report on preparation of TiNi-alloy based wire with the shape memory effect, which was used for compression clips for surgery. Composition and structure of the wire, and its martensitic and physical-chemical properties were studied using SEM, TEM, optic microscopy, profilometry, mechanical tests, etc. The TiNi alloy was found to consist of B2 and B19' and secondary-phase particles of Ti2Ni, TiNi3 and Ti3Ni4. Its matrix was slightly enriched in Ni (50.3 at. % of Ni). Homogeneous grain structure was revealed (an average grain size of 19±0.3 μm) with equal quantities of grain boundaries of special and general types. Surface oxide layer provide improved biocompatibility and promote adhesion of protein molecules. Overall, the obtained TiNi wire was concluded to exhibit martensitic, physical and mechanical properties suitable for its use as an implant material. The wire was then used for manufacturing compression clips with the shape memory effect and applied in surgery. The medical experiment that involved 46 children demonstrated that the use of such clips in children with double-barreled enterostomies permitted to improve the results of surgical treatment.
Morbidity and development of children with very low and extremely low birth weight in the first few years of life
Authors:   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Khodkevich P.E. , Kulikova K.V. ,   I.D.Evtushenko Regional Perinatal Center, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Deev I.A. ,   Central Research Institute of Health Organization and Informatization, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Deeva E.V. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Fedorova O.S. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Kulikov E.S. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Due to the rapid development of perinatal care in the Russian Federation, there has been an increase in the survival rate of premature infants with very low and extremely low birth weight in recent decades. This patient cohort is characterized by the development of several severe disabling conditions that cause health problems in older age. The structure of morbidity of children born preterm has its own features – almost 100% of these patients have pathology of the nervous system, they are susceptible to diseases of the respiratory system, and diseases of the sensory system are more common. The care and rehabilitation of these patients requires high financial costs. This article presents a review of literary data concerning the results of studies that assessed the need for medical care, the structure of morbidity of premature children at different ages, depending on the birth weight and gestational age. Key words: morbidity, medical care, preemies, review, very low birth weight, extremely low birth weight
Women’s long-term health and longevity: telomere theory of aging in the management of menopause
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mikheev R.K. , Grigoryan O.R. ,   National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sheremetyeva E.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Absatarova Yu.S. ,   National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Uzhegova Zh.A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chernova M.O. ,   National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kurinova A.N. ,   National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sazonova D.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Nikankina L.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Andreeva E.N. ,   National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation,   A.I.Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

The concept of women’s long-term health and longevity implies maintaining the quality of life, including a discussion of the role of hormone replacement therapy within the ‘therapeutic window’. Aging is a complex multi-step process. It is believed that women begin to experience the effects of aging at the age of 40. The processes of age-related changes in the body are being actively studied these days and include markers, models, systems, but there is no unified concept yet. In recent decades, there has been an increase in life expectancy for women, hence there are more women in menopause, and an increase in the incidence of age-related diseases can be expected. With the onset of menopause and age-related changes, women may experience metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction, disorders of both the central and peripheral nervous systems, musculoskeletal disrders and mental health problems. Over past decades, attention has been paid to cellular markers of aging, and the telomere theory has been most developed. It is associated with shortening of telomeres – the end regions of chromosomes. Many studies in recent years have examined the mechanisms influencing the length of these regions, the activity of the telomerase enzyme, and the processes of reproductive aging associated with this theory. In the 20th and 21st centuries, the possible effect of exogenously administered estrogen on telomere length as part of hormone replacement therapy has been under active consideration. Key words: insulin resistance, menopause, telomeres, telomerase, type 2 diabetes, aging, hormone replacement therapy
Personalized approach to reproductive-age patients with heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bebneva T.N. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Tazina T.V. ,   I.P.Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russian Federation, Manakina E.S. ,   I.P.Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

The number of women suffering from heavy menstrual bleeding, according to various publications, is not decreasing and makes up about 20% of gynecological patients. Such patients, in the absence of predictive intervention by a gynecologist, are at risk of developing somatic diseases associated primarily with iron deficiency. At the same time, the correction of heavy menstrual bleeding requires a differential approach to the choice of treatment, considering the patient’s age and reproductive plans, the cause of bleeding, as well as an assessment of the benefit-risk ratio of the drug and its additional advantages. Objective. To study the efficacy of using a combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing 2 mg chlormadinone acetate / 0.03 mg ethinylestradiol in patients of reproductive age with idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding leading to iron deficiency who need reliable contraception. Patients and methods. The study included 67 women of reproductive age between 18 and 45 years (mean age 27.2 ± 0.5 years) who visited a gynecologist with a complaint of heavy menstrual bleeding accompanied by latent iron deficiency. After considering the safety of COC according to the Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (World Health Organization, 2015), all women were prescribed Belara (2 mg chlormadinone acetate / 0.03 mg ethinylestradiol) for 6 months with an assessment of efficacy, safety, and possible prolongation of its use. Results. The administration of Belara containing 2 mg chlormadinone acetate/0.03 mg ethinylestradiol demonstrated its efficacy as means of contraception and reducing menstrual blood loss, which contributes to the normalization of iron indices in women. Among 51 (76.1%) patients with latent iron deficiency, 49 (96%) had recovery of ferritin levels (>30 mg/dL) after taking Belara. Meanwhile, the frequency of adverse reactions did not exceed 15%. They were represented by scanty acyclic uterine bleeding (4.5%), increased sensitivity of the breasts (7.5%), nausea (1.5%), and headache (1.5%). All adverse reactions did not require additional therapy or drug withdrawal. Conclusion. Belara may be recommended for women of reproductive age with heavy menstrual bleeding accompanied by latent iron deficiency who need reliable contraception. Key words: heavy menstrual bleeding, latent iron deficiency, combined oral contraceptives, ethinylestradiol, chlormadinone acetate
Analysis of the course and outcome of labor in patients who are at high risk according to prenatal screening results
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Samchuk P.M. , Ishchenko A.I. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Azoeva E.L. ,   V.V.Veresaev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tsaroeva I.Kh. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Zholobova M.N. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Objective. To study the course and outcome of labor in patients who are at high risk of pre-eclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), preterm birth (PB), and fetal chromosomal abnormalities (CA) according to the results of prenatal screening. Patients and methods. We performed a prospective analysis of the course of labor in 443 women with singleton pregnancy who underwent the first trimester prenatal risk assessment based on the Astraia program. Group 1 (n = 235) included highrisk subgroups for CA – 1A (n = 69); PE – 1B (n = 66); FGR – 1C (n = 48); PB – 1D (n = 52). Risk combinations were excluded, and one of the four assessed outcomes was considered. Group 2 (control group, n = 208) was comprised of lowrisk women. Results. The risk of PB (>34 and <37 weeks) was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (р < 0.05). Full-term birth in both groups had no differences (р > 0.05). Post-term birth was more common in group 2 (р < 0.05). Labor induction prevailed in group 1 and subgroups 1B, 1C (р < 0.05). Labor complications were more common in group 1 (р < 0.05). Prelabor rupture of membranes was more frequent in the subgroups 1B and 1D of group 1 (р < 0.05). Fetal distress and a combination of complications (distress, weak contractions, and rupture of membranes) prevailed in group 1 (p < 0.05). Cesarean section was performed more frequently in group 1 than in group 2 (р < 0.05). Indications in group 1 were placental insufficiency (PI) and PE (р < 0.05). The dif-ference in the frequency of PI between subgroups 1C and 1B was significant relative to 1A, 1D (р < 0.05). Fetal distress was noted in one third of both groups and subgroup 1C (р > 0.05). Conclusion. In the high-risk group based on the results of prenatal screening compared with the control group, there was a significantly higher frequency of prelabor rupture of membranes (in subgroups 1B (PE), 1D (PB)), fetal distress, and a combination of complications, as well as cesareans delivery (subgroups 1B (PE) and 1C (FGR)) (р < 0.05). Key words: fetal distress, labor induction, labor complications, prenatal screening, risk level
Antioxidant status of retroplacental blood in uncomplicated pregnancy and pre-eclampsia
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Panina O.B. , Samusevich A.N. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shcherbakova L.N. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mikheeva I.A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Proskurnina E.V. ,   N.P.Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sozarukova M.M. ,   Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Samokhodskaya L.M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

The pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia (PE) is based on the disorders of placental circulation, which develop due to the impaired migration of extravillous trophoblast. Local processes at the maternal-fetal interface can be assessed through the retroplacental blood (RB) which flows during placental separation. Objective. To study the parameters of antioxidant status of RB in uncomplicated pregnancy and PE. Patients and methods. The study included 50 pregnant women: 36 women with uncomplicated pregnancy and 14 women with PE. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plasma was measured by the luminol chemiluminescence method. Results. In uncomplicated pregnancy, total antioxidant capacity of RB was increased compared to peripheral blood (PB) (1236 ± 344 sec vs. 852 ± 246 sec; p < 0.0001), which indicates that RB provides a balance of pro-oxidants and antioxidants at the maternal-placental-fetal interface. The increase in total antioxidant capacity of RB plasma in PE compared to uncomplicated pregnancy (1716 ± 922 sec vs. 1236 ± 344 sec; p = 0.007) may be both compensatory and pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. Thus, the prevention and treatment of PE with antioxidants should be discussed. The increase in total antioxidant capacity of RB plasma was observed in severe PE (2304 ± 948 sec vs. 1236 ± 344 sec, p < 0.0001), which is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Conclusion. Our pilot study of the antioxidant defense status of retroplacental blood shows that pre-eclampsia leads to a significant imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants at the maternal-placental-fetal interface. Key words: antioxidants, antioxidant capacity, pre-eclampsia, retroplacental blood, chemiluminescence
Effect of infection on the development of fetal arrhythmias
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Strizhakov A.N. , Rodionova A.M. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ignatko I.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Zaidenov V.A. ,   City Clinical Hospital No 52, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Objective. To assess the impact of infection on the development of fetal arrhythmias. Patients and methods. The study included 84 pregnant women who were divided into two groups: the study group, which consisted of 44 patients aged 20–42 years (Me 31 ± 0.93 years) with fetal arrhythmia and/or minor heart defects at 21–41 weeks’ gestation (Me 37.41 ± 0.58 weeks), and the comparison group, which enrolled 40 pregnant women without fetal heart defects and with normal fetal heart rate to determine the significance of serological markers of myocarditis. Results. Significant titers of non-specific anti-myocardial antibodies to vascular smooth muscle and endothelium were detected in 14 (31.8%) and 7 (15.9%) fetuses, respectively. “Conditionally positive” titers for anti-smooth muscle antibodies were detected in 3 (6.8%) fetuses and for anti-endothelial cell antibodies in 4 (9%) fetuses. There was no significant increase in specific anti-heart antibody titers in both groups. Conclusion. Hypoxia should be considered as a trigger for fetal arrhythmias. The infectious and inflammatory processes are one of the links in the pathogenesis of fetal arrhythmias. Key words: fetal arrhythmia, intrauterine infection, minor heart defects
Prediction of proliferative activity of uterine leiomyoma. A model for differential diagnosis of usual-type and cellular leiomyoma
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gasparov A.S. , Dorfman M.F. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation,   S.S.Yudin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dubinskaya E.D. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Vartanyan S.L. ,   S.S.Yudin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gubanova E.V. ,   S.S.Yudin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dorfman S.F. ,   Marso Medica Multiprofile Medical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Objective. To study the prognostic significance of clinical, laboratory and ultrasound parameters of usual-type and cellular uterine leiomyoma (UL). Patients and methods. This study is a retro- and prospective multicenter cohort trial. We analyzed clinical, laboratory, ultrasound and immunohistochemical (IHC) data of 100 patients aged 18 to 45 years selected by the random number generation. Patients were divided into two groups based on the results of IHC analysis. Group 1 included 79 patients with usualtype UL, group 2 – 21 patients with proliferative “cellular” UL. Prior to surgery, all patients received a personalized polygonal 3D model of the uterus and uterine fibroids generated using the author’s image processing program with the subsequent possibility of intraoperative navigation. Results. Statistical and mathematical analysis of 458 parameters revealed 20 significant markers for differential diagnosis of usual-type and cellular UL with the determination of the specific frequency of each parameter in scores. The developed scoring system for the prognosis of UL proliferative activity allowed us to predict the morphotype of UL with an accuracy of 83.5% (83% specificity, 89% sensitivity). Conclusion. The differential diagnosis of usual-type and proliferative UL is possible not only retrospectively after analyzing IHC data, but also prospectively. Key words: uterine leiomyoma, usual-type, cellular uterine leiomyoma, uterine leiomyoma morphotype prognosis, 3D modeling, surgical navigation
Phenotyping of bronchial asthma in children: challenges and ways to address them
Authors:   Astrachan State Medical University, Astrachan, Russian Federation, Stroykova T.R. , Geppe N.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Bashkina O.A. ,   Astrachan State Medical University, Astrachan, Russian Federation, Seliverstova E.N. ,   Astrachan State Medical University, Astrachan, Russian Federation, Shilova A.A. ,   Astrachan State Medical University, Astrachan, Russian Federation, Shtepo M.V. ,   Astrachan State Medical University, Astrachan, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Objective. To summarize and analyze data from foreign publications on bronchial asthma phenotyping using cluster analysis. Main points: asthma in children has various factors underlying inflammation and symptom control. There are methodological approaches that can eliminate this heterogeneity, for example, cluster analysis to identify asthma phenotypes and predict treatment outcomes. However, there have been no attempts to cluster patients by the relationship between treatment and clinical outcome. The approaches to long-term prognosis in children with asthma have not been sufficiently studied. Key words: children, bronchial asthma
Diagnostic value of fatty acid-binding protein in newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors:   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Kim L.V. , Zhelev V.A. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Slizovsky G.V. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Objective. To determine the diagnostic value of fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Patients and methods. A prospective study was conducted that included 38 premature infants. The children were divided into 2 groups. Group I included 18 children with NEC, 20 premature infants were included in control group II. Patients underwent clinical and laboratory examination, radiography of the abdominal cavity and measurement of the level of I-FABP in serum. Results. Serum I-FABP levels were significantly higher in children from the main group at all stages of the study: at birth, at the beginning of enteral feeding and at the time of diagnosis of NEC (p < 0,001). There is a correlation between the I-FABP level and the NEC stage. Conclusion. Sequential measurements of serum I-FABP levels can be a useful marker for early diagnosis and prediction of disease severity in NEC. Key words: necrotizing enterocolitis, early diagnosis, biomarker, premature, newborns
Herpesvirus infections and SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: case series
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance, Moscow, Russian Federation, Melekhina Е.V. ,   Khimki Regional Hospital, Khimki, Russian Federation, Shalbarova T.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance, Moscow, Russian Federation, Soldatova E.Yu. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance, Moscow, Russian Federation, Muzyka А.D. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sabinina T.S. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Khimki Regional Hospital, Khimki, Russian Federation, Kremplevskaya S.P. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Khimki Regional Hospital, Khimki, Russian Federation, Barykin V.I. ,   Khimki Regional Hospital, Khimki, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare condition developing 2 to 6 weeks after initial infection. Most of the patients require treatment in the intensive care unit. The disease manifests itself with fever and lesions to several organs and systems, primarily gastrointestinal tract, skin, mucous membranes, and cardiovascular system. Given the non-specific clinical manifestations of MIS-C, absence of reliable laboratory tests to detect it, and immunosuppressive therapy used in these patients, differential diagnosis of this condition is highly important. In this article, we provide the summary of literature on differential diagnosis between MIS-C and other pathological conditions and report cases of herpesvirus reactivation in patients with SARS-CoV-2. We provide a rationale for administering meglumine acridone acetate (Cycloferon) in patients with herpesvirus reactivation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe clinical and laboratory markers that can be used by clinicians for differential diagnosis between MIS-C and other viral infections, such as herpesvirus infections. Key words: herpesvirus infections, children, differential diagnosis, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, new coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV2