bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning in point-of-care automated classification of oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ferro Ashley , Kotecha Sanjeev , Fan Kathleen
Published: August 2022

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are becoming increasingly pervasive in the domains of medical diagnostics and prognostication, afforded by complex deep learning architectures that overcome the limitations of manual feature extraction. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we provide an update on current progress of ML algorithms in point-of-care (POC) automated diagnostic classification systems for lesions of the oral cavity. Studies reporting performance metrics on ML algorithms used in automatic classification of oral regions of interest were identified and screened by 2 independent reviewers from 4 databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. 35 studies were suitable for qualitative synthesis, and 31 for quantitative analysis. Outcomes were assessed using a bivariate random-effects model following an assessment of bias and heterogeneity. 4 distinct methodologies were identified for POC diagnosis: (1) clinical photography; (2) optical imaging; (3) thermal imaging; (4) analysis of volatile organic compounds. Estimated AUROC across all studies was 0.935, and no difference in performance was identified between methodologies. We discuss the various classical and modern approaches to ML employed within identified studies, and highlight issues that will need to be addressed for implementation of automated classification systems in screening and early detection.
Longitudinal follow-up of the asthma status in a French–Canadian cohort
Authors: Lavoie Marie-Eve , Meloche Jolyane , Boucher-Lafleur Anne-Marie , Bégin Paul , Morin Charles , Boulet Louis-Philippe , Madore Anne-Marie , Laprise Catherine
Published: August 2022

Asthma affects 340 million people worldwide and varies in time. Twenty years ago, in Canada, the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean asthma family cohort was created to study the genetic and environmental components of asthma. This study is a follow-up of 125 participants of this cohort to explore the appearance, persistence, and progression of asthma over 10–20 years. Participants answered a clinical standardized questionnaire. Lung function was assessed (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, bronchial reversibility, and methacholine bronchoprovocation), skin allergy testing was performed, blood samples were obtained (immunoglobulin E, white blood cell counts) and phenotypes were compared between recruitment and follow-up. From the participants without asthma at recruitment, 12% developed a phenotype of adult-onset asthma with the presence of risk factors, such as atopy, high body mass index, and exposure to smoking. A decrease of PC20 values in this group was observed and a decrease in the FEV1/FVC ratio in all groups. Also, 7% of individuals with asthma at recruitment developed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, presenting risk factors at recruitment, such as moderate-to-severe bronchial hyperresponsiveness, exposure to smoking, and asthma. This study allowed a better interpretation of the evolution of asthma. Fine phenotypic characterization is the first step for meaningful genetic and epigenetic studies.
Energy consumption, CO2 emissions and electricity costs of lighting for commercial buildings in Southeast Asia
Authors: Hong Wan Yun , Rahmat Bibi Nurmuslihah Ni’matullah Nura’l
Published: August 2022

Building energy intensity (BEI) has been used to assess a building’s overall energy performance. However, the energy performance, CO2 footprint and electricity costs due to lighting in buildings are currently required to assist relevant authorities to develop, revise and implement energy-efficient lighting policies that are effective and acceptable for the country. This work presents an estimation approach for lighting in commercial buildings in Southeast Asia and its decarbonisation pathway for benchmarking. Application of this approach to a selected library in Brunei Darussalam showed that an energy-efficient light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system would make the building greener. We projected reductions in lighting energy consumption by 6.7 times (3.98 kWh/m2/year), its associated CO2 emissions by 8 times (0.59 kg CO2/m2/year) and electricity costs by 8.7 times (B$7.07/m2/year) by 2050 if existing lamps in the library are retrofitted with LED lamps.
Pollinator and floral odor specificity among four synchronopatric species of Ceropegia (Apocynaceae) suggests ethological isolation that prevents reproductive interference
Authors: Kidyoo Aroonrat , Kidyoo Manit , McKey Doyle , Proffit Magali , Deconninck Gwenaëlle , Wattana Pichaya , Uamjan Nantaporn , Ekkaphan Paweena , Blatrix Rumsaïs
Published: August 2022

Possession of flowers that trap fly pollinators is a conservative trait within the genus Ceropegia, in which pollination systems can be generalized or highly specialized. However, little is known about the role of plant–pollinator interactions in the maintenance of species boundaries. This study examined the degree of plant–pollinator specialization and identified the parameters responsible for specificity among four co-occurring Ceropegia species with overlapping flowering times. All investigated plant species were functionally specialized on pollination by Chloropidae and/or Milichiidae flies and each Ceropegia species was, in turn, ecologically highly specialized on only two pollinating fly morphospecies, though one plant species appeared more generalist. Species-specific fly attraction was due to the differences between plant species in floral scents, floral morphology, colour patterns, and presence of other functional structures, e.g., vibratile trichomes, which were shown to contribute to pollinator attraction in one study species. The combination of these olfactory and visual cues differentially influenced pollinator preferences and thus hindered heterospecific visitation. Furthermore, a pollinator exchange experiment also highlighted that species integrity is maintained through efficient ethological isolation (pollinator attraction). The mechanical isolation mediated by the fit between floral morphology and size and/or shape of fly pollinators appears less pronounced here, but whether or not the morphological match between male (pollinium) and female (guide rails) reproductive organs can impede hybridization remains to be investigated.
Accelerated marsh erosion following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill confirmed, ameliorated by planting
Authors: Zengel Scott , Nixon Zachary , Weaver Jennifer , Rutherford Nicolle , Bernik Brittany M. , Michel Jacqueline
Published: August 2022

Multiple studies have examined the effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on coastal marsh shoreline erosion. Most studies have concluded that the spill increased shoreline erosion (linear retreat) in oiled marshes by ~ 100–200% for at least 2–3 years. However, two studies have called much of this prior research into question, due to potential study design flaws and confounding factors, primarily tropical cyclone influences and differential wave exposure between oiled (impact) and unoiled (reference) sites. Here we confirm that marsh erosion in our field experiment was substantially increased (112–233%) for 2 years in heavily oiled marsh after the spill, likely due to vegetation impacts and reduced soil shear strength attributed to the spill, rather than the influences of hurricanes or wave exposure variation. We discuss how our findings reinforce prior studies, including a wider-scale remote sensing analysis with similar study approach. We also show differences in the degree of erosion among oil spill cleanup treatments. Most importantly, we show that marsh restoration planting can drastically reduce oiled marsh erosion, and that the positive influences of planting can extend beyond the immediate impact of the spill.
Development of actionable targets of multi-kinase inhibitors (AToMI) screening platform to dissect kinase targets of staurosporines in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Denisova Oxana V. , Merisaari Joni , Kaur Amanpreet , Yetukuri Laxman , Jumppanen Mikael , von Schantz-Fant Carina , Ohlmeyer Michael , Wennerberg Krister , Aittokallio Tero , Taipale Mikko , Westermarck Jukka
Published: August 2022

Therapeutic resistance to kinase inhibitors constitutes a major unresolved clinical challenge in cancer and especially in glioblastoma. Multi-kinase inhibitors may be used for simultaneous targeting of multiple target kinases and thereby potentially overcome kinase inhibitor resistance. However, in most cases the identification of the target kinases mediating therapeutic effects of multi-kinase inhibitors has been challenging. To tackle this important problem, we developed an actionable targets of multi-kinase inhibitors (AToMI) strategy and used it for characterization of glioblastoma target kinases of staurosporine derivatives displaying synergy with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) reactivation. AToMI consists of interchangeable modules combining drug-kinase interaction assay, siRNA high-throughput screening, bioinformatics analysis, and validation screening with more selective target kinase inhibitors. As a result, AToMI analysis revealed AKT and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase PDK1 and PDK4 as kinase targets of staurosporine derivatives UCN-01, CEP-701, and K252a that synergized with PP2A activation across heterogeneous glioblastoma cells. Based on these proof-of-principle results, we propose that the application and further development of AToMI for clinically applicable multi-kinase inhibitors could provide significant benefits in overcoming the challenge of lack of knowledge of the target specificity of multi-kinase inhibitors.
Artificial synthesis of covalent triazine frameworks for local structure and property determination
Authors: Mollart Catherine , Holcroft Sarah , Peach Michael J. G. , Rowling Adam , Trewin Abbie
Published: August 2022

An ‘artificial synthesis’ method for covalent triazine framework (CTF) materials, enabling localised structural features to be incorporated that result directly from the acid-catalysed synthetic protocol that would otherwise not be captured.
Recent advances in the metal–organic framework-based electrocatalysts for trifunctional electrocatalysis
Authors: Devi Bandhana , Koner Rik Rani , Kurungot Sreekumar
Published: August 2022

MOF based trifunctional electrocatalysts producing H2, O2 and H2O.
Selenium-enriched soybean peptides pretreatment attenuates lung injury in mice induced by fine particulate matters (PM2.5) through inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB/IκBα signaling pathway and inflammasome generation
Authors: Zhang Jian , Chen Xinwei , Li He , Liu Wanlu , Liu Xinqi , Song Yao , Cong Xin
Published: August 2022

Selenium-enriched soybean peptide attenuates lung injury induced by PM2.5, and the mechanism is mainlyviainhibited TLR4/NF-κB/IκBα and NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 protein expression.
Broadband mid-infrared metalens with polarization-controlled at-will chromatic dispersion
Authors: He Hairong , Yang Hui , Xie Zhenwei , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: August 2022

Broadband metalenses that offer polarization-controlled positive dispersion, achromatic dispersion, negative dispersion, and hyper-dispersion are investigated using an all-Si birefringent metasurface in MWIR.
Scale robust point matching‐Net: End‐to‐end scale point matching using Lie group
Authors: Wang Xin , Ding Hui , Zhao Guangwei , Peng Yaxin , Shen Chaomin
Published: August 2022

Point cloud matching is an important procedure in a variety of computer vision tasks. Traditional point cloud matching methods have made great progress, while neural network‐based approaches are becoming a trend, powered by their strong capabilities of feature extraction. Existing point matching neural networks, however, mainly focus on the rigid transformation. More complex transformations should also be considered in many scenarios. In this regard, the authors extend the rigid registration to non‐rigid cases and propose a network called the Scale Robust Point Matching (SRPM)‐Net for scale point matching. This robust structure‐preserving network is implemented by incorporating Lie group parametrisation. It is conducted by Lie group linearisation representation with the constraints of parameters under the corresponding basis of Lie algebra. SRPM‐Net preserves the structure of the solution and avoids degeneration. The contributions of this paper lie in two aspects: Most importantly, SRPM‐Net provides an extendable framework for handling complicated transformations. Secondly, it introduces a new feature learning module, which better preserves the shape structure by aggregating the high‐dimensional feature and calculating the normal vector of point cloud surface automatically. Experimental results show that SRPM‐Net is more robust and accurate than existing traditional and recent deep learning methods under various situations.
Prediction method of residual life of transformer oil‐paper insulation based on Wiener random process improved by strong tracking filter
Authors: Zhao Hongshan , Chang Jieying , Qu Yuehan
Published: August 2022

In order to solve the problems of oil‐paper insulation deterioration of oil‐immersed power transformers, including the instability of performance degradation quantity at the early stage, non‐linear deterioration process and uncertainty of life prediction, an improved Wiener stochastic process based on strong tracking filter (STF) is proposed to predict the remaining life of transformer oil‐paper insulation in this paper. Firstly, in order to grasp the dynamic process from healthy state to current deterioration state, a deterioration model is established based on Wiener random process. Secondly, in order to improve the accuracy, the initial values of model parameters are estimated based on expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, then with the increase of monitoring data, model parameters are updated by using STF algorithm, and the probability density function of remaining life is derived to predict the remaining life of oil‐paper insulation. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified by using furfural content as performance degradation index and accelerated thermal aging experimental data. Compared with the Bayesian–Wiener algorithm, the MSE of the proposed algorithm is reduced to 0.2138 and its MAPE is reduced more than 4%. Besides, the proposed method has the advantages of strong robustness and low uncertainty of residual life prediction.
Spontaneous Downbeat Nystagmus in Anti-GAD-Antibody-Associated Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Authors: Shivaram Sumanth , Tallapalli Ashok V. Reddy , Gupta Manisha , Nashi Saraswati , Kulkarni Girish B. , Alladi Suvarna
Published: August 2022

Spontaneous downbeat nystagmus and ocular flutter are rare clinical signs. Such findings are commonly related to cerebellar pathology, predominantly ischemia. In a significant percentage of patients, the cause may not be found. If these signs are associated with ataxia, cognitive decline, and seizure, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase-associated neurological syndrome must be suspected. Background history of tumor has to be enquired. Treatment with immune modulation helps in partial recovery of such cases.
Ictal Blinking in Hepatic Encephalopathy Pre- and Post-Liver Transplant: Report of Eight Patients
Authors: Koul Roshan , Maiwall Rakhi , Alam Seema , Pamecha Vineynder , Tevethia Harsh Vardhan , Sarin Shiv K.
Published: August 2022

Objective Seizures are reported in 20 to 30% of cases with chronic liver disease in association with hepatic encephalopathy. Majority of these are focal seizures. Ictal blinking is reported first time in these patients pre- and post-liver transplant.

Methods From November 2018 to October 2021, retrospective data was analyzed in patients with end-stage liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy, both pre- and post-liver transplant.

Results Eight patients had ictal blinking, four were pre-transplant and four post-transplant. Five patients (four after liver transplant and one pre-transplant) were seizure free, three died of liver disease and multiorgan dysfunction, and one did not follow-up.

Conclusion Ictal blinking in relation to liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy is reported, often missed and requires short duration antiepileptic medications.
Use of an Autologous Bone Graft Derived from Three Caudal Vertebrae for Reconstruction in a Dog with Radioulnar Atrophic Nonunion and Osteomyelitis
Authors: Goto Masato , Ikeda Hitoshi
Published: August 2022

This case report describes the case of a 4-year-old toy poodle who underwent reconstruction using an autologous caudal vertebral graft for nonunion and osteomyelitis of a left radioulnar fracture. Radial reconstruction was performed 14 days after the removal of existing implants. Three autologous caudal vertebrae mounted onto a titanium T-plate were used to fill the radial bone defect. Rehabilitation was initiated 3 weeks after surgery. By the fifth week after surgery, the dog showed weight bearing on the affected limb. One year after the reconstruction surgery, revision surgery for replacing all implants was performed due to increased radiolucency of the graft. The dog remained clinically stable, and radiographic bone union was complete 3 years and 2 months after the first surgery. An autologous caudal vertebral graft was successfully used for the treatment of a large radial defect in a dog suffering from atrophic nonunion. Clinical improvement was prompt, and the long-term functional outcome was satisfactory.
Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship Research
Authors: Obschonka Martin , Fisch Christian
Published: August 2022

Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) are intensively shaping businesses and the economy as a whole, and AI-related research is exploding in many domains of business and management research. In contrast, AI has received relatively little attention within the domain of entrepreneurship research, while many entrepreneurship scholars agree that AI will likely shape entrepreneurship research in deep, disruptive ways.

When summarizing both the existing entrepreneurship literature on AI and potential avenues for future research, the growing relevance of AI for entrepreneurship research manifests itself along two dimensions. First, AI applications in the real world establish a distinct research topic (e.g., whether and how entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial ventures use and develop AI-based technologies, or how AI can function as an external enabler that generates and enhances entrepreneurial outcomes). In other words, AI is changing the research object in entrepreneurship research.

The second dimension refers to drawing on AI-based research methods, such as big data techniques or AI-based forecasting methods. Such AI-based methods open several avenues for researchers to gain new, influential insights into entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial ventures that are more difficult to assess using traditional methods. In other words, AI is changing the research methods. Given that, so far, human intelligence could not fully uncover and comprehend the secrets behind the entrepreneurial process that is so deeply embedded in uncertainty and opportunity, AI-supported research methods might achieve new breakthrough discoveries.

We conclude that the field needs to embrace AI as a topic and research method more enthusiastically while maintaining the essential research standards and scientific rigor that guarantee the field’s well-being, reputation, and impact.
Carbon, Coast, and the Climate
Authors: Fennel Katja , Cyronak Tyler , DeGrandpre Michael , Ho David T. , Laruelle Goulven G. , Maher Damien , Moriarty Julia
Published: August 2022

The Earth’s climate is strongly affected by the partitioning of carbon between its mobile reservoirs, primarily between the atmosphere and the ocean. The distribution between the reservoirs is being massively perturbed by human activities, primarily due to fossil fuel emissions, with a range of consequences, including ocean warming and acidification, sea-level rise and coastal erosion, and changes in ocean productivity. These changes directly impact valuable habitats in many coastal regions and threaten the important services the habitats provide to mankind. Among the most productive and diverse systems are coral reefs and vegetated habitats, including saltmarshes, seagrass meadows, and mangroves. Coral reefs are particularly vulnerable to ocean warming and acidification. Vegetated habitats are receiving heightened attention for their ability to sequester carbon, but they are being impacted by land-use change, sea-level rise, and climate change. Overall, coasts play an important, but poorly quantified, role in the global cycling of carbon. Carbon reservoirs on land and in the ocean are connected through the so-called land–ocean aquatic continuum, which includes rivers, estuaries, and the coastal ocean. Terrestrial carbon from soils and rocks enters this continuum via inland water networks and is subject to transformations and exchanges with the atmosphere and sediments during its journey along the aquatic continuum. The expansive permafrost regions, comprised of ground on land and in the seabed that has been frozen for many years, are of increasing concern because they store vast amounts of carbon that is being mobilized due to warming. Quantitative estimates of these transformations and exchanges are relatively uncertain, in large part because the systems are diverse and the fluxes are highly variable in space and time, making observation at the necessary spatial and temporal coverage challenging. But despite their uncertainty, existing estimates point to an important role of these systems in global carbon cycling.
Political Realism
Authors: Jubb Robert
Published: August 2022

Realism in political philosophy is usually understood as a position in debates about how political philosophy should be conducted. Alison McQueen suggests in her Political Realism in Apocalyptic Times that realists are united by four commitments: to the distinctiveness of politics as a form of activity, to politics’ agonistic or conflictual character, to the fragility of order, and to rejecting political philosophy that does not take seriously the constraints on political action these other commitments imply. Realism in this sense is then particularly focused on political order as a way of channeling and managing disagreement. This gives it its distinctive approach to political philosophy, which relies on interpretations of how particular political values or judgments operate in particular situations. Following Edward Hall, we can think of the centrality of understanding what role a particular value or judgment plays in a particular context as imposing what in 2017 he called a “realism constraint.” Realism in this sense comes in three rough types: foundationalist realism, radical realism, and sober realism. For all three, though, it is crucial that they are able to articulate and defend an account of how they meet the realism constraint.

Foundationalist realists avoid moral commitments, relying instead on authentically political sources of normativity to give their political judgments force. This creates an additional burden for them compared to radical and sober realists. They must show that the values on which they depend are both not moral and appropriately political, which may be difficult given the way morality is entangled with many of our other judgments and commitments. Both radical and sober realists are distinguished by the content and not the source of normativity for their judgments. Radical realists reject the status quo as in one way or another unacceptable, just as sober realists focus on the significance of the goods made possible by political order and so the importance of preserving it. The power of any form of realism depends on the plausibility of its interpretation of the political situation it theorizes and how well its judgments respond to that interpretation. Giving plausible interpretations of political situations will mean engaging with a range of material, from intellectual history to various kinds of contemporary social scientific enquiry. If realists do this, though, there is every reason to think that they can provide significant political insight.
Commercialization in Late Ming China: Seeds of Capitalism?
Authors: Chiu Pengsheng
Published: August 2022

As early as the 1950s, a number of scholars in mainland China started to refer to the commercialization in late Ming China that appeared from the 16th century on as “the sprouts of capitalism.” Since 1990, ever fewer scholars use this term, but this does not that late Ming commercialization is not worth discussion; indeed, relevant research continues to accumulate. Considering the growth of agriculture, the expansion of long-distance trade, changes in the organization of the handicraft industry, material culture, and state economic policies, generally speaking, late Ming commercialization not only influenced the economy, society, and culture of the time but also the order in which the state prioritized interests in economic matters; its related policies also showed significant adjustments. Overall, these changes benefited merchants in that their property received greater protection. Furthermore, the phenomenon of late Ming commercialization provides another thought-provoking historical experience that contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolution of the market in the modern world.
Publics and the Public Sphere
Authors: Graan Andrew
Published: August 2022

Mass communication is a constitutive part of social life and experience across the world today, affecting how people work, practice religion, engage in politics, understand others, and so on. Indeed, in many world contexts, social actors interact with mass media on a daily basis. In doing so, they not only consume or produce media artifacts but also participate in publics. A public is a particular kind of social form that coalesces as discourse circulates among, and thereby creates, audiences of mutual attention. Through participants’ ongoing orientation to and engagement with circulation of texts and images, publics produce social arenas that link disparate persons into collectivities of shared interests, issues, and convictions. Some publics are large, general, and sustained, such as those centered on national news. Other publics focus on particular topics, such as those related to religious communities, political ideologies, marked social identities, professional worlds, or even hobby and fan cultures. Others still are relatively small scale, such as those formed among the diffuse groupings of friends and acquaintances connected on social media platforms. As venues constituted by the circulation of discourse, publics have wide-ranging social and political consequences. The interests and identities that they privilege and presuppose shape broader processes of social belonging, exclusion, and contestation. Publics ground claims to political authority through assertions of the public interest. Publics also mediate contemporary consumer capitalism, as when advertising targets particular networks of public circulation. In short, publics lie at the center of contemporary social formations and political economies.

The anthropology of publics and the public sphere examines how practices and structures of mass communication mediate and generate wider forms of social and political organization. How do publics normalize some identities while marginalizing others? Under what conditions can publics emerge as political actors? How do dominant public spheres shape political cultures? In taking on these questions, anthropologists attend to the regimes of publicity; that is, constellations of participation norms, social imaginaries, media infrastructures, language ideologies, and metadiscourses that organize publics. This analytic perspective illuminates both how normative publicity is reproduced and challenged and to what effect. In addition, in focusing on discursive circulation, scholarship on publics has pushed anthropologists to develop research methodologies that go beyond face-to-face, participant observation as a tool of data collection. The anthropology of publics and the public sphere has thus emerged as a theoretically generative and methodologically innovative field that endeavors to illuminate mass communication and its implications for social life. In doing so, it has generated novel theoretical understandings of mass media, power and affect, consumption and capitalism, identity, belonging and exclusion, and the bases and limits of democratic representation.
Women and American Political Parties, 1972–2021
Authors: Black Allida
Published: August 2022

As we begin the second century of women’s suffrage, American women increasingly outvote men. Six women ran for president in 2020. A woman is vice president of the United States, the Speaker of the House is female, and there are record numbers of women in Congress. Women are leading strategists for both major parties. Yet the Republican and Democratic parties continue to approach the women’s vote and the issues that drive them to the polls in fundamentally opposite ways. This division carries over into the House of Representatives and the Senate, where 89 of 102 congresswomen and 17 of 25 women senators are Democrats.

This was not always the case. A bipartisan similarity dominated the parties’ approach toward women until the mid-1970s, when intraparty divisions over abortion, the Equal Rights Amendment, pay equity, and childcare, followed by debates over global warming, gun violence, healthcare, immigration, LGBTQ rights, and war, ripped that commodity apart in ways that would define women’s votes and party identity for the next five decades.

Women and their parties responded to these challenges in different ways. Women organized their own social movements; challenged their party’s infrastructure; created their own political action committees, research centers, and candidate training schools; formed their own coalitions; drafted their own candidates; and ran for office. Political parties took notice and slowly adjusted their rules—though in different ways and with different intent—and in the process solidified the party gender gap.
Southern Textile Worker Struggles in the 20th Century
Authors: Fink Joey
Published: August 2022

The rise of the southern textile industry in the early 1900s shifted the center of American textile production from the northeast to the Piedmont and created a new class of southern industrial workers: the “cotton mill people.” Throughout the 20th century, larger economic and political forces changed the industry and its people. Technological innovations, wars, and the diversification of the southern economy affected how textiles were made, the consumer demand for them, and mill workers’ wages and working conditions. The labor, civil rights, and women’s movements produced federal laws and legal victories that desegregated the mills, drew attention to the particular vulnerabilities of women workers, and provided protections for all workers against exploitation and poverty. Continuity, however, was as significant as change for mill workers. Women’s labor was always crucial in the mills, and women were key leaders in strikes and organizing drives. Unionization efforts were consistently undermined by technological innovations that replaced human labor, the global movement of capital, and the united power of mill owners and political leaders. Throughout the 20th century, cotton mill people struggled to resist the dehumanizing aspects of industrialization and insist on the dignity and value of their labor. The story of their struggles reveals important dimensions of 20th-century southern labor and life. With the movement of textile manufacturing from the American South to the Global South, their 20th-century struggles offer insights into the 21st-century struggles of textile workers worldwide.
Women Filmmakers in Argentina
Authors: Forcinito Ana
Published: August 2022

This article offers an overview of some of the most important Argentine women filmmakers along with some tendencies that could serve to organize four decades of films, shorts, and documentaries. The article also examines some of the main paths that women filmmakers have taken in their revision and transformation of the relationship between the visual/aural dimension of cinematographic language and the patriarchal regime of the image and the voice. The films discussed in this chapter challenge the still-dominant masculine visual regime through aesthetic projects that reveal the worlds made invisible and erased by marginalization, authoritarianism, violence, sexism, homophobia, abjection, racism, inequality, discrimination, and impunity. Feminism is undoubtedly a vital framework for analyzing the history of women filmmakers in ArgentiIt appears sometimes at the center of the audiovisual project and, other times, outside the frame. This article explores the intersections among different aesthetic concerns, and in particular attempts to show that the discussion of women filmmakers in Argentina should not be limited to only two or three names but should include a vast number of women filmmakers and their innovative visions.

From the first decades of the Twentieth century to the present, Argentine women filmmakers have taken different paths in their revision and transformation of the relation between the visual/aural dimension of cinematographic language and the patriarchal regime of the image and the voice. The feminist dimension of some of their films has challenged masculine and heteronormative norms through aesthetic projects that revealed what remained invisible and erased by authoritarianism, violence, sexism, homophobia, abjection, racism, inequality, discrimination, and impunity. Feminism—expressed in different waves of the feminist movement and with different degrees of intersectionality— is undoubtedly a vital framework for analyzing the history of women filmmakers in Argentina. It has framed the aesthetic concerns and the innovative visions women filmmakers have been proposing about the domestic, the intimate, and the political.
Ontogeny and anatomy of Bouteloua (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) species display a basipetal branch formation and a novel modified leaf structure in grasses
Authors: Cuellar-Garrido Luis Fernando , Ruiz-Sanchez Eduardo , Vargas-Ponce Ofelia , Whipple Clinton J
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims

Shoot ontogenesis in grasses follows a transition from a vegetative phase into a reproductive phase. Current studies provide insight into how branch and spikelet formation occur during the reproductive phase. However, these studies do not explain all the complex diversity of grass inflorescence forms and are mostly focused on model grasses. Moreover, truncated inflorescences of the non-model grass genus Urochloa (Panicoideae) with formation of primary branches have basipetal initiation of branches. Bouteloua species (Chloridoideae) are non-model grasses that form truncated inflorescences of primary branches with apical vestiges of uncertain homology at the tips of branching events and sterile florets above the lowermost fertile floret. Sterile florets are reduced to rudimentary lemmas composed of three large awns diverging from an awn column. Conflict about the awn column identity of this rudimentary lemma is often addressed in species descriptions of this genus. We test if Bouteloua species can display basipetal initiation of branches and explore the identity of vestiges and the awn column of rudimentary lemmas.

Methods

We surveyed the inflorescence ontogeny and branch/awn anatomy of Bouteloua species and compared results with recent ontogenetic studies of chloridoids.

Key Results

Bouteloua arizonica has florets with basipetal maturation. Branches display basipetal branch initiation and maturation. Branch vestiges are formed laterally by meristems during early branching events. The spikelet meristem forms the awn column of rudimentary lemmas. Vestiges and sterile floret awns have anatomical similarities to C4 leaves.

Conclusions

Basipetal initiation of branches is a novel feature for Chloridoideae grasses. Branch vestiges are novel vegetative grass structures. Sterile floret awn columns are likely to be extensions of the rachilla.
Phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of the shade-grown species Panax ginseng to variable light conditions
Authors: Zhang Yu-Xin , Niu Yu-Qian , Wang Xin-Feng , Wang Zhen-Hui , Wang Meng-Li , Yang Ji , Wang Yu-Guo , Zhang Wen-Ju , Song Zhi-Ping , Li Lin-Feng
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims

Elucidating how plant species respond to variable light conditions is important to understand the ecological adaptation to heterogeneous natural habitats. Plant performance and its underlying gene regulatory network have been well documented in sun-grown plants. However, the phenotypic and molecular responses of shade-grown plants under variable light conditions have remained largely unclear.

Methods

We assessed the differences in phenotypic performance between Panax ginseng (shade-grown) and Arabidopsis thaliana (sun-grown) under sunlight, shade and deep-shade conditions. To further address the molecular bases underpinning the phenotypic responses, we compared time-course transcriptomic expression profiling and candidate gene structures between the two species.

Key Results

Our results show that, compared with arabidopsis, ginseng plants not only possess a lower degree of phenotypic plasticity among the three light conditions, but also exhibit higher photosynthetic efficiency under shade and deep-shade conditions. Further comparisons of the gene expression and structure reveal that differential transcriptional regulation together with increased copy number of photosynthesis-related genes (e.g. electron transfer and carbon fixation) may improve the photosynthetic efficiency of ginseng plants under the two shade conditions. In contrast, the inactivation of phytochrome-interacting factors (i.e. absent and no upregulation of the PIF genes) are potentially associated with the observed low degree of phenotypic plasticity of ginseng plants under variable light conditions.

Conclusions

Our study provides new insights into how shade-grown plants respond to variable light conditions. Candidate genes related to shade adaptation in ginseng provide valuable genetic resources for future molecular breeding of high-density planting crops.
Deep Local Analysis evaluates protein docking conformations with locally oriented cubes
Authors: Mohseni Behbahani Yasser , Crouzet Simon , Laine Elodie , Carbone Alessandra
Published: August 2022

Motivation

With the recent advances in protein 3D structure prediction, protein interactions are becoming more central than ever before. Here, we address the problem of determining how proteins interact with one another. More specifically, we investigate the possibility of discriminating near-native protein complex conformations from incorrect ones by exploiting local environments around interfacial residues.

Results

Deep Local Analysis (DLA)-Ranker is a deep learning framework applying 3D convolutions to a set of locally oriented cubes representing the protein interface. It explicitly considers the local geometry of the interfacial residues along with their neighboring atoms and the regions of the interface with different solvent accessibility. We assessed its performance on three docking benchmarks made of half a million acceptable and incorrect conformations. We show that DLA-Ranker successfully identifies near-native conformations from ensembles generated by molecular docking. It surpasses or competes with other deep learning-based scoring functions. We also showcase its usefulness to discover alternative interfaces.

Availability and implementation

http://gitlab.lcqb.upmc.fr/dla-ranker/DLA-Ranker.git

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Circulating Tumor DNA as a Biomarker for Monitoring Patients with Solid Cancers: Comparison with Standard Protein Biomarkers
Authors: Duffy Michael J , Crown John
Published: August 2022

Background

Protein-based biomarkers are widely used in monitoring patients with diagnosed cancer. These biomarkers however, lack specificity for cancer and have poor sensitivity in detecting early recurrences and monitoring therapy effectiveness. Emerging data suggest that the use of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has several advantages over standard biomarkers.

Content

Following curative-intent surgery for cancer, the presence of ctDNA is highly predictive of early disease recurrence, while in metastatic cancer an early decline in ctDNA following the initiation of treatment is predictive of good outcome. Compared with protein biomarkers, ctDNA provides greater cancer specificity and sensitivity for detecting early recurrent/metastatic disease. Thus, in patients with surgically resected colorectal cancer, multiple studies have shown that ctDNA is superior to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in detecting residual disease and early recurrence. Similarly, in breast cancer, ctDNA was shown to be more accurate than carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) in detecting early recurrences. Other advantages of ctDNA over protein biomarkers in monitoring cancer patients include a shorter half-life in plasma and an ability to predict likely response to specific therapies and identify mechanisms of therapy resistance. However, in contrast to proteins, ctDNA biomarkers are more expensive to measure, less widely available, and have longer turnaround times for reporting. Furthermore, ctDNA assays are less well standardized.

Because of their advantages, it is likely that ctDNA measurements will enter clinical use in the future, where they will complement existing biomarkers and imaging in managing patients with cancer. Hopefully, these combined approaches will lead to a better outcome for patients.
Outcomes of aortic valve repair: early results from the German Aortic Valve Registry
Authors: Girdauskas Evaldas , Petersen Johannes , Balaban Ümniye , Herrmann Eva , Bauer Timm , Beckmann Andreas , Bekeredjian Raffi , Ensminger Stephan , Frerker Christian , Möllmann Helge , Walther Thomas , Bleiziffer Sabine
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES

Aortic valve (AV) repair is an evolving surgical strategy in the treatment of young patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) and/or aortic root aneurysm. We aimed to determine the clinical outcome following AV repair/AV-sparing root surgery using real-world data from the German Aortic Valve Registry.

METHODS

A total of 2327 patients with AR (mean age 55.2 ± 15.0 years, 76% men), who underwent AV repair/AV-sparing root surgery between 2011 and 2015 (i.e. 5% of 42 868 AV surgery patients enrolled in the German Aortic Valve Registry during the same period) were included. Study cohort was subdivided according to the technique of AV repair: isolated AV repair without root surgery (group I) (n = 914), AV-sparing root surgery (i.e. reimplantation or remodelling) without cusp repair (group II) (n = 1077) and AV-sparing root surgery (i.e. reimplantation or remodelling) with simultaneous cusp repair (group III) (n = 336). Primary end point was 1-year survival after AV repair/AV-sparing root surgery. Secondary end points were freedom from cardiac adverse events and freedom from AV reinterventions at 1-year follow-up.

RESULTS

Thirty-day mortality was 19 (0.8%) in the whole study cohort without significant differences in the 3 subgroups [4 (0.4%) patients in group I vs 14 (1.3%) patients in group II vs 1 (0.3%) patient in group III (P = 0.054)]. Postoperatively, 1445 (74%) patients had no residual AR, 474 (24%) patients had mild AR and 40 (2%) patients had moderate/severe AR at the time of hospital discharge. One-year survival (95% confidence interval) was 97.7% (97.1–98.3) in the whole study cohort and without significant difference among the 3 subgroups. One-year cardiac adverse event-free survival (95% confidence interval) was 85.7% (84.2–87.1) and was similar in all 3 study groups in propensity score-weighted analysis. A total of 38 (1.6%) patients required AV reintervention during a 1-year follow-up, without significant difference among subgroups (P = 0.11).

CONCLUSIONS

AV repair/AV-sparing root surgery is performed in 5% of patients requiring AV surgery in Germany. Our data demonstrate very satisfactory periprocedural and 1-year survival and cardiac event-free survival after AV repair surgery. Implementation of specific surgical techniques during the index procedure seems to result in comparable outcomes.
The efficiency of health resource allocation and its influencing factors: evidence from the super efficiency slack based model-Tobit model
Authors: Gong Jing , Shi Leiyu , Wang Xiaohan , Sun Gang
Published: August 2022

Background

This study aims to analyze the health resource allocation efficiency in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2018 and provide other countries with China's experience.

Methods

We used the super efficiency slack based model (SBM) model and Malmquist index to analyze the super efficiency and inter-period efficiency of health resource allocation in 19 cities in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2018 and propose the input-output optimization scheme of health resource allocation in 2018. Finally, the Tobit model was used to estimate the influencing factors of health resource allocation efficiency.

Results

The total allocation of health resources in Sichuan Province was increasing in addition to the total number of visits from 2010 to 2018. The super efficiency SBM results identified that the sample's average score was between 0.651 and 3.244, with an average of 1.041, of which 15 cities had not reached data envelopment analysis effectiveness. According to the Malmquist index, the average total factor productivity index of Sichuan Province was 0.930, which showed an imbalance in resource input, and its fluctuation was mainly related to the technological progress index and scale efficiency. The efficiency score was affected by the average annual income of residents, population density and education level.

Conclusions

The amount of health resource allocation in Sichuan Province had shown an overall upward trend since 2010. However, resource allocation efficiency was not high, and there were problems such as significant regional differences, insufficient technological innovation capabilities and unscientific allocation of resource scale. To optimize the resource allocation structure, we suggest that the relevant departments pay attention to the impact of natural disasters, the average annual income of residents, population density and education level on efficiency to allocate health resources scientifically.
Iconological Dualism Re-Thought: A New Variation on Two Old Theories
Authors: Wecker Frédéric
Published: August 2022

This article aims at defending the old theory of iconological dualism that opposes ‘handmade’ pictures to photographic pictures. I defend a new version of that theory, according to which photographs always enable viewers to have singular thoughts on the things photographed, while handmade pictures by themselves never enable viewers to have singular thoughts but only enable them to have what I call ‘thoughts by depiction’. To this end, I defend the old theory according to which singular thoughts require a special relation—called ‘acquaintance’—between the thinker and the object thought about. I put this traditional view forward thanks to a new version of the classic spy argument for the acquaintance constraint on singular thoughts.