bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blazar Jets Perturbed by Magneto-gravitational Stresses in Supermassive Binaries
Authors: Cavaliere A. , Tavani M. , Vittorini V.
Published: February 2017

We study particle acceleration and radiative processes in blazar jets under recurring conditions set by gravitational perturbations in supermassive binary systems. We consider the action from a companion orbiting a primary black hole of

, and perturbing its relativistic jet. We discuss how such conditions induce repetitive magneto-hydrodynamic stresses along the jet, and affect its inner electron acceleration and radiative processes. Specifically, we study how macroscopic perturbations related to increased jet “magnetization” end up in higher radiative outputs in the optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands. We first find an increase in magnetic field strength, as gauged in the optical band from the synchrotron emission of electrons accelerated in kinetic processes stimulated by reconnecting magnetic lines. The energetic electrons then proceed to up-scatter the synchrotron photons to GeV energies after the canonical synchrotron self-Compton radiation process. Our model implies a specific recurring pattern in the optical to gamma-ray emissions, made of high peaks and wide troughs. Progressing accelerations caused by spreading reconnections will produce an additional synchrotron keV component. Such outbursts provide a diagnostics for enhanced acceleration of electrons, which can up-scatter photons into the TeV range. We discuss how our model applies to the BL Lac object PG 1553+113, arguably the best candidate to now for high amplitude, recurring modulations in its gamma-ray emissions. We also consider other BL Lacs showing correlated keV–TeV radiations such as Mrk 421.
Sparse Bayesian Inference and the Temperature Structure of the Solar Corona
Authors: Warren Harry P. , Byers Jeff M. , Crump Nicholas A.
Published: February 2017

Measuring the temperature structure of the solar atmosphere is critical to understanding how it is heated to high temperatures. Unfortunately, the temperature of the upper atmosphere cannot be observed directly, but must be inferred from spectrally resolved observations of individual emission lines that span a wide range of temperatures. Such observations are “inverted” to determine the distribution of plasma temperatures along the line of sight. This inversion is ill posed and, in the absence of regularization, tends to produce wildly oscillatory solutions. We introduce the application of sparse Bayesian inference to the problem of inferring the temperature structure of the solar corona. Within a Bayesian framework a preference for solutions that utilize a minimum number of basis functions can be encoded into the prior and many ad hoc assumptions can be avoided. We demonstrate the efficacy of the Bayesian approach by considering a test library of 40 assumed temperature distributions.
Molecular Environments of Three Large Supernova Remnants in the Third Galactic Quadrant: G205.5+0.5, G206.9+2.3, and G213.0–0.6
Authors: Su Yang , Zhou Xin , Yang Ji , Chen Xuepeng , Chen Yang , Liu Yi , Wang Hongchi , Li Chong , Zhang Shaobo
Published: February 2017

We present CO observations toward three large supernova remnants (SNRs) in the third Galactic quadrant using the Purple Mountain Observatory Delingha 13.7 m millimeter-wavelength telescope. The observations are part of the high-resolution CO survey of the Galactic plane between Galactic longitudes

to

and latitudes

to

. CO emission was detected toward the three SNRs: G205.5+0.5 (Monoceros Nebula), G206.9+2.3 (PKS 0646+06), and G213.0–0.6. Both SNRs G205.5+0.5 and G213.0–0.6 exhibit the morphological agreement (or spatial correspondences) between the remnant and the surrounding molecular clouds (MCs), as well as kinematic signatures of shock perturbation in the molecular gas. We confirm that the two SNRs are physically associated with their ambient MCs and the shock of SNRs is interacting with the dense, clumpy molecular gas. SNR G206.9+2.3, which is close to the northeastern edge of the Monoceros Nebula, displays the spatial coincidence with molecular partial shell structures at V
LSR ∼ 15 km s−1. While no significant line broadening has been detected within or near the remnant, the strong morphological correspondence between the SNR and the molecular cavity implies that SNR G206.9+2.3 is probably associated with the CO gas and is evolving in the low-density environment. The physical features of individual SNRs, together with the relationship between SNRs and their nearby objects, are also discussed.
1. L’engagement dans l’entrepreneuriat des créateurs de startups
Authors: Grossetti Michel
Published: February 2017

Cet article défend une perspective dans laquelle l’engagement des personnes dans l’entrepreneuriat est plus une question de circonstances que de caractéristiques individuelles. Il utilise pour cela les résultats d’une enquête portant sur le processus de création de 97 entreprises considérées par les pouvoirs publics comme innovantes (des « startups »).
2. L’entrepreneuriat, une histoire française
Authors: Marchesnay Michel
Published: February 2017

Trois figures historiques ont marqué la création et la formation de la figure de l’entrepreneur en France entre le xviii e et le xix e  siècle. Il s’agit tout d’abord de celle de Richard Cantillon, qui théorise et représente la figure de « l’entrepreneur aventurier », qui prend des risques pour mener à bien son activité et reçoit des « gages incertains ». Puis de Jean-Baptiste Say, qui marque une vision plus libérale, théorique et innovante de l’entrepreneur, qui doit produire, non seulement pour les plus riches, mais aussi pour le plus grand nombre. Enfin, Jean-Antoine Chaptal représente les débuts de la « Noblesse d’État », qui sera décrite plus tard par Pierre Bourdieu.
3. Entrepreneur et développement économique
Authors: Facchini François
Published: February 2017

Cet article présente une bonne partie de la littérature qui explique les inégalités de développement économique entre les pays par la théorie de l’entrepreneur. L’introduction présente la manière dont la théorie contemporaine de la croissance articule le modèle de comptabilité à une explication institutionnaliste afin de bien comprendre pourquoi il est difficile d’expliquer la croissance sans traiter du rôle de l’entrepreneur. Il est ainsi rappelé que la théorie entrepreneuriale de la croissance économique doit être pensée comme une alternative non déterministe à l’ensemble des théories traditionnelles de la théorie économique quantitative.
10. Nouvelles formes d’entrepreneuriat et organisation : le « bon esprit » du capitalisme
Authors: Taupin Benjamin
Published: February 2017

Ce chapitre se réfère au nouvel esprit du capitalisme décrit par Boltanski et Chiapello pour dessiner à grands traits les contours d’une nouvelle forme d’organisation caractérisant les entreprises contemporaines. Tout en prolongeant les travaux des deux sociologues, l’étude conduit à distinguer la forme actuellement observée de l’analyse du « nouvel esprit », pour cerner une configuration d’organisation qui tire sa légitimité d’une approche managériale reposant sur la promesse de l’anticonformisme, du « fun » et de l’autonomie, qualifiée de « bon esprit » du capitalisme. Son originalité tient à ce qu’elle permet d’attribuer à l’implication totale des salariés un degré de légitimité sans précédent.
12. Islam et capitalisme : quand des entrepreneurs mobilisent l’éthique islamique à des fins de management
Authors: Madoui Mohamed
Published: February 2017

Alors que l’Algérie est dans un moment de transition économique et s’ouvre aux marchés, une nouvelle classe d’entrepreneurs semble émerger. Cet article présente quelques résultats d’une enquête analysant la façon dont les relations entre Islam et entrepreneuriat se cristallisent dans la manière d’entreprendre de ces nouveaux acteurs économiques.
The Orange Feeling. Mood and Atmosphere at Roskilde Festival
Authors: Kiib Hans , Marling Gitte , Jespersen Line Marie Bruun
Published: February 2017

This article investigates the relationship between instant architecture, art installations and the audience at Roskilde Festival, and it raises the question of how instant architecture, art installations and modes of social interaction can enhance the design of a genuine experience. It is based on analyses of a specific case, Roskilde Festival 2008 - 2012. The festival brands itself as an instant city with a specific atmosphere, ‘The Orange Feeling’, which is a very abstract term that encompasses the whole festival. The paper focuses on this term, and on important elements which constitute the environment and the conditions for the constructed situation in which this special atmosphere actually occurs. The main approach to the analysis of the atmosphere is an investigation of how the audience engages with the instant architecture and the art installations. The article provides general conclusions on the specific atmosphere and on how the designs support this. It concludes that the culture of laughter is the atmospheric glue that keeps Roskilde Festival together, and it is the performative and relational designs together with the culture of laughter that create the basis for ‘The Orange Feeling’.
Le sarcophage des Époux du musée Campana de Cerveteri à Paris : Histoire d’une découverte dissimulée
Authors: Nadalini Gianpaolo
Published: February 2017

Du sarcophage des Époux conservé au musée du Louvre, devenu au cours du temps un monument incontournable de l’art étrusque, on ne connaît paradoxalement que très peu de détails concernant sa découverte. Les quelques traces que ce monument a laissées sur son parcours de Cerveteri à Paris nous font présumer que sa découverte a été volontairement cachée et que son inventeur, Giampietro Campana, a su profiter pour la dissimuler de circonstances historiques particulières : les soulèvements révolutionnaires de 1848 dans l’État pontifical. Pendant les années qui ont immédiatement suivi la découverte cachée du sarcophage, un environnement archéologique a été savamment recréé autour du tombeau d’origine, son décor et la restauration de ses différents composants. Quelques éléments sont venus modifier cet environnement reconstitué depuis que le monument est exposé à Paris.
La femme étrusque et son époux à travers l’épigraphie
Authors: Magnani Lavinia
Published: February 2017

De l’Antiquité jusqu’aux temps modernes, l’historiographie a créé un mythe autour de la femme étrusque, régulièrement présentée comme plus indépendante, respectée et socialement intégrée que la femme grecque ou romaine. Cette théorie est justifiée, entre autres, par la formule onomastique étrusque, dans laquelle était inclus le matronyme (le nom de la mère). Mais pour réellement comprendre la fonction et les implications sociales du matronyme, il faut se pencher sur les conditions d’utilisation de cet élément onomastique. En analysant le corpus épigraphique de Tarquinia de l’époque hellénistique, nous constatons que le matronyme est un élément onomastique relativement rare, subordonné au patronyme, et utilisé principalement par l’aristocratie pour mettre en valeur ses liens sociaux et familiaux : en effet, la fonction du matronyme semble être celle de rendre hommage à la famille de la mère plus qu’à la mère elle-même.
Le langage des époux grecs : lecture de quelques inscriptions
Authors: Costanzi Michela
Published: February 2017

Le langage du couple grec, dont quelques échos demeurent dans les sources littéraires, se fait entendre aussi dans les inscriptions où l’on croit parfois même pouvoir reconnaître une certaine spontanéité. Cela est évident surtout dans les inscriptions privées, sur les objets de la vie quotidienne. Dans les inscriptions funéraires dédiées à un conjoint mort, les mots et les images sont souvent stéréotypés mais malgré cela, les sentiments ne semblent pas moins sincères vis-à-vis de l’époux ou de l’épouse disparus (aujourd’hui aussi, les situations de douleur donnent lieu à des expressions qui semblent banales et convenues). Et tout comme on reconnaît dans les épitaphes une forme de modernité, dans les inscriptions publiques d’époque impériale la vie privée du couple est mise en scène pour donner une image positive de certains personnages politiques, notamment au sein d’une institution comme le Conseil Amphictionique, alors réduit à un rôle honorifique. Finalement, ces couples grecs, où les femmes jouent un rôle non négligeable aux côtés de leurs maris, semblent étonnamment actuels.
L’énigme de Delphes  : Vassilis Alexakis lecteur de Plutarque
Authors: Ballabriga Alain
Published: February 2017

Dans le roman de Vassilis Alexakis intitulé La langue maternelle (Paris, 1995), le narrateur, un Grec vivant à Paris, quoique très ignorant en matière d’études grecques, décide d’enquêter sur une énigme de Delphes  : que signifiait la lettre epsilon devant le temple d’Apollon  ? Cette enquête l’amène à lire Plutarque et à faire des recherches d’érudition, tout en gardant un ton détaché, voire satirique à l’égard du culte de l’antiquité chez les Grecs.
Apartman
Authors: Öncel Ayşe Derin
Published: February 2017

Apartmanlar, birçok ailenin bir arada yaşadığı konutlar olarak geleneksel Osmanlı evinin gelişim süreci içinde ciddi bir kopuşun örnekleri olarak görülmüşlerdir. Gerçekten de bu konutlar, bahçe içinde ahşap konaklara ilk bakışta hiç benzemezler. Çok katlıdırlar, sıkışık kıvnmlı dar sokaklarda yükselirler, kimi zaman karanlık iç mekânlara sahiptirler, bahçeleri yoktur ama geniş teras çatılan vardır. Çoğu sokağa veya caddeye yönlenmişrir, ama manzara imkânı varsa ondan da yararlanmayı ihmal etmezler. Bilinen ve çoğu zaman kabul gören anlayışa göre ilk apartmanlar batı mimarisinden model transferi ile açıklanır ve geleneksel Osmanlı konutundan da bu nedenle ayn tutulur. Ancak hiç kuşkusuz İstanbul'da konutlarda süregelen yaşam biçimlerini de sadece konaklar yansıtmamaktadır. Birçok kültürün yüzyıllarca bir arada yaşadığı bu şehirde çok zengin bîr konut birikimi olduğu açıktır. Aynca apartmanların ilk örneklerinin yapddığı 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısının, kent ve mekân algısında değişimlerin yaşandığı, yaşam biçimlerinde ilginç dönüşümlerin izlendiği bir süreç olduğu düşünüldüğünde, bu konut yapılarının daha detaylı bir incelemeyi hak ettiği ortadadır. Derin Öncel, Apartman'da Galata'da belirli bir alanda ve süreçte yapılan ilk örnekler olarak tanımladığı binalardan yola çıkarak ve hiçbirini bulunduğu "yer" ve dönemin dinamiklerinden ayrı değerlendirme­yerek, bu "yeni" konut tipini tanımaya çalışıyor. Apartmanlarda süregelen yaşam biçimine Osmanlı toplumunun nasıl uyum sağladığını, bu yeni yaşam pratiğine hangi süreçlerden geçilerek gelindiğini sorguluyor. Genel kabullerin dışına çıkarak apartmanları Osmanlı konut kültürünün gelişiminde önemli bir evrenin örnekleri olarak görüyor ve kısa bir zamanda İstanbul'un birçok mahallesinde inşa edilecek olan bu yapılar üzerine daha çok araştırma yapılmadan 20. yüzyıl konutunun sağlıklı i ncel enemeyeceğin i savunuyor. Derin öncel. Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Universitesi'nde öğretim üyesi. 19. yüzyıl Beyoğlu bölgesi kent morfolojisi ve Osmanlı konutu mekân organizasyonu üzerine makaleleri var.
A Bi-Criteria Hybrid Grey Wolf Approach for Parallel Machine Job Scheduling
Authors: Jeet Kawal , Dhir Renu
Published: February 2017

Nature-inspired algorithms are becoming popular due to their ability to solve complex optimization and engineering problems. Grey Wolf algorithm is one of the recent nature-inspired algorithms that have obtained inspiration from leadership hierarchy and hunting mechanisms of grey wolves. In this paper, four formulations of multi-objective grey wolf algorithm have been developed by using combination of weighted objectives, use of secondary storage for managing possible solutions and use of Genetic Algorithm (GA). These formulations are applied for jobs scheduling on parallel machines while taking care of bi-criteria namely maximum tardiness and weighted flow time. It has been empirically verified that GA based multi-objective Grey Wolf algorithms leads to better results as compared to their counterparts. Also the use of combination of secondary storage and GA further improves the resulting schedule. The proposed algorithms are compared to some of the existing algorithms, and empirically found to be better. The results are validated by numerical illustrations and statistical tests.
Extracting Non-Situational Information from Twitter During Disaster Events
Authors: Sarda Poonam , Chouhan Ranu Lal
Published: February 2017

Micro blogging sites have become important forums for discussion during disaster events in which Twitter has become one of the important source of real time information. Millions of tweets are posted during disasters, which include not only information about the present situation or relief efforts, but also the emotions or opinion of the masses. Much research has been conducted on extracting situational information from tweets during disaster. However, according to current knowledge, there has not been any prior attempt to study the non-situational tweets posted during disasters, such as those which express the emotions/opinions of the people, political and governmental views, raising charities and event analysis. In this study, the authors characterized the non-situational tweets posted during recent disaster events, the Nepal Earthquake and the Gurudaspur Terrorist attack. They developed a classifier to categorize various types of non-situational tweets into a set of fine-grained classes utilizing state-of-the-art machine learning technique. This system also helps in filtering out communal tweets which can make worst the situation by disrupting communal harmony during certain disaster events.
Sex Drives Dimorphic Immune Responses to Viral Infections
Authors: Ghosh Soumitra , Klein Robyn S.
Published: February 2017

New attention to sexual dimorphism in normal mammalian physiology and disease has uncovered a previously unappreciated breadth of mechanisms by which females and males differentially exhibit quantitative phenotypes. Thus, in addition to the established modifying effects of hormones, which prenatally and postpubertally pattern cells and tissues in a sexually dimorphic fashion, sex differences are caused by extragonadal and dosage effects of genes encoded on sex chromosomes. Sex differences in immune responses, especially during autoimmunity, have been studied predominantly within the context of sex hormone effects. More recently, immune response genes have been localized to sex chromosomes themselves or found to be regulated by sex chromosome genes. Thus, understanding how sex impacts immunity requires the elucidation of complex interactions among sex hormones, sex chromosomes, and immune response genes. In this Brief Review, we discuss current knowledge and new insights into these intricate relationships in the context of viral infections.
A strange case of Malaria in a Nigerian native boy.
Authors: Magro Paola , Izzo Ilaria , Saccani Barbara , Casari Salvatore , Caligaris Silvio , Tomasoni Lina Rachele , Matteelli Alberto , Lombardi Annamaria , Meini Antonella , Castelli Francesco
Published: February 2017

The protective role of SCT in malaria endemic areas has been proved and prevalence of HbS gene in malaria endemic areas is high. Splenic infarction is a well-known complication of SCT, rarely associated with malaria. A Nigerian boy was admitted to our ward after returning from his country of origin, for P. falciparum malaria. He underwent abdominal US for upper right abdominal pain, showing cholecystitis and multiple splenic abscesses. Empiric antibiotic therapy was undertaken. Bartonella, Echinococcus, Entamoeba serologies, blood cultures, Quantiferon test, coproparasitologic exam were negative; endocarditis was excluded. He underwent further blood exams and abdomen MRI, confirming the presence of signal alterations areas, with radiographic appearance of recent post-infarction outcomes. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed a percentage of HbS of 40.6% and a diagnosis of SCT was made.Splenic infarction should be taken into account in patients with malaria and localized abdominal pain.  Moreover, diagnosis of SCT should be considered.
Editorial
Authors: Abrahams Mark
Published: February 2017

No abstract available
Development and implementation of the Caribbean Laboratory Quality Management Systems Stepwise Improvement Process (LQMS-SIP) Towards Accreditation
Authors: Alemnji George , Edghill Lisa , Guevara Giselle , Wallace-Sankarsingh Sacha , Albalak Rachel , Cognat Sebastien , Nkengasong John , Gabastou Jean-Marc
Published: February 2017

Background: Implementing quality management systems and accrediting laboratories in the Caribbean has been a challenge.Objectives: We report the development of a stepwise process for quality systems improvement in the Caribbean Region.Methods: The Caribbean Laboratory Stakeholders met under a joint Pan American Health Organization/US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiative and developed a user-friendly framework called ‘Laboratory Quality Management System – Stepwise Improvement Process (LQMS-SIP) Towards Accreditation’ to support countries in strengthening laboratory services through a stepwise approach toward fulfilling the ISO 15189: 2012 requirements.Results: This approach consists of a three-tiered framework. Tier 1 represents the minimum requirements corresponding to the mandatory criteria for obtaining a licence from the Ministry of Health of the participating country. The next two tiers are quality improvement milestones that are achieved through the implementation of specific quality management system requirements. Laboratories that meet the requirements of the three tiers will be encouraged to apply for accreditation. The Caribbean Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality hosts the LQMS-SIP Secretariat and will work with countries, including the Ministry of Health and stakeholders, including laboratory staff, to coordinate and implement LQMS-SIP activities. The Caribbean Public Health Agency will coordinate and advocate for the LQMS-SIP implementation.Conclusion: This article presents the Caribbean LQMS-SIP framework and describes how it will be implemented among various countries in the region to achieve quality improvement.
God's Makwerekwere: Re-imagining the church in the context of migration and xenophobia
Authors: Field David N.
Published: February 2017

Mass migration and accompanying xenophobia are characteristics of the early 21st century and as such challenge the church to reimagine its identity. This article analyses migration and xenophobia particularly as they impact South Africa and then proposes the model of the church as God�s Makwerekwere as an appropriate response. In doing so, it examines New Testament images of the church and argues that the church as God�s Makwerekwere is a community in solidarity with the excluded, a community of affirmation of the excluded, a community of reconciliation and a transnational community.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article challenges the traditional discourse used in ecclesiology by proposing the image of the church as God�s Makwerekwere. It roots this proposal in considerations from migration studies and New Testament studies. The aim is to re-imagining the church as a contribution to a transforming ecclesial praxis.
Variáveis intervenientes na existência de comitês de bacias hidrográficas no Brasil
Authors: Feil Alexandre André , Strasburg Virgílio José , Spilki Fernando Rosado
Published: February 2017

A gestão de bacias hidrográficas por meio de comitês é essencial na mediação entre a oferta e a demanda de água para consumo doméstico, industrial, agrícola, lazer, entre outros usos da água. Uma gestão exitosa pode ocorrer por meio da identificação e compreensão das características socioeconômicas, demográficas, entre outras, e assim formatar as práticas adotadas pelos comitês. Neste contexto, o escopo central deste estudo consistiu em analisar as variáveis intervenientes relacionadas aos aspectos geográficos, demográficos, socioeconômicos e a existência de comitê de bacias. A metodologia consiste na abordagem quantitativa, empregando-se uma pesquisa documental secundária e sua análise ocorreu por meio da aplicação da estatística descritiva e do teste de correlação de Pearson. Os principais resultados evidenciam que a explicação da existência de comitês de bacias hidrográficas relaciona-se com o tamanho da população que promove maior pressão à medida que aumenta. Além disso, evidenciou-se que a existência de comitês de bacias correlaciona-se com: crescimento econômico, quantidade de conflitos pelos múltiplos usos, coleta de esgotos e nível de degradação da qualidade ambiental. Conclui-se, portanto, que de fato existem variáveis intervenientes para a existência de comitês de bacias e que eles são necessários para a gestão eficiente destas variáveis.
Diagnóstico espacial e temporal de condições físico-químicas e microbiológicas do Córrego do Tanquinho, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
Authors: Grieco Andre Abreu , Fregonesi Brisa Maria , Tonani Karina Aparecida de Abreu , Silva Thaís Vilela , Celere Beatriz Smidt , Trevilato Tânia Maria Beltramini , Segura-Muñoz Susana Inés , Alves Renato Igor da Silva
Published: February 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as condições fisico-químicas e microbiológicas do Córrego do Tanquinho, localizado em área altamente urbanizada e industrializada no município de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil, considerando variações espaciais e temporais. Os parâmetros limnológicos avaliados foram: pH, temperatura, turbidez, condutividade e oxigênio dissolvido (OD), com medições realizadas in situ. Os níveis de metais no sedimento e em água superficial foram analisados por Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica. Para a determinação dos Coliformes Totais e Escherichia coli foi empregada a técnica dos Tubos Múltiplos com utilização de substrato cromogênico. Os parâmetros OD, E. coli e a concentração dos metais Cu e Mn na água encontram-se em desacordo com a legislação. Os metais encontrados em maior concentração no sedimento foram Mn, Cr e Zn. A avaliação microbiológica evidenciou o despejo de esgoto doméstico no córrego e as concentrações de metais indicam a possível ocorrência de efluentes industriais, podendo gerar graves problemas de saúde pública. O diagnóstico espacial indicou os locais de amostragem com as piores condições microbiológicas e altas concentrações de metais, enquanto que a influência temporal foi observada no pH, Mn e Cr em água superficial, e Mn, Cr e Pb nos sedimentos. Os resultados mostraram que o Córrego do Tanquinho é um corpo hídrico impactado. Recomenda-se a realização de outros estudos que possam esclarecer melhor a origem das cargas poluidoras, além da conscientização da população e da adoção de medidas que possibilitem a recuperação e proteção desse corpo hídrico.
Gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas por postos de combustíveis em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil
Authors: Lima Suzy Darley de , Oliveira Andrea Ferreira de , Golin Rossean , Caixeta Danila Soares , Lima Zoraidy Marques de , Morais Eduardo Beraldo de
Published: February 2017

A comercialização de combustíveis derivados de petróleo é uma atividade potencialmente poluidora. Tal impacto ocorre principalmente devido a acidentes no transporte com caminhão tanque e vazamentos nos tanques de armazenamento subterrâneo dos postos de combustíveis. O gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas tem o objetivo de reduzir os riscos à saúde humana por meio do conhecimento das características do local contaminado e dos impactos causados pelos contaminantes, proporcionando assim auxílio à tomada de decisão quanto às formas de intervenção mais adequadas. Neste trabalho, por meio da análise dos processos de licenciamento ambiental dos postos de combustíveis de Cuiabá, MT, Brasil, foi possível apresentar um panorama dos postos com algum tipo de contaminação ambiental, já que a investigação de passivos é obrigatória durante esse licenciamento. De 136 processos de licenciamento analisados, constatou-se que em 17 os laudos ambientais apresentaram algum tipo de contaminação no solo e/ou água subterrânea. Os principais contaminantes encontrados foram Benzeno, Tolueno, Etilbenzeno e Xilenos Totais (BTEX) e Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos (HPA’s). Em oito postos foram aplicadas as seguintes técnicas de remediação: três de atenuação natural, três de extração multifásica e três de bombeamento. Ressalta-se que nos nove postos restantes, não foi encontrada informação sobre a aplicação de técnicas de remediação. Destaca-se a necessidade do órgão ambiental estadual tornar pública as informações sobre as áreas contaminadas presentes não somente em Cuiabá, mas em todo o Estado. Segundo a Resolução CONAMA 420/2009 esta é uma obrigação do órgão ambiental para que o gerenciamento das áreas contaminadas possa ser efetivo. É importante também o Estado estabelecer políticas relativas à gestão das áreas contaminadas com legislações específicas ao tema, assim como alguns Estados já tem feito.
Calibração e validação do modelo SWAT para simulação hidrológica em uma bacia hidrográfica do litoral norte catarinense
Authors: Blainski Éverton , Acosta Eileen , Prado Nogueira Patrícia Carvalho do
Published: February 2017

Os estudos hidrológicos em bacias experimentais têm sido realizados devido à necessidade de compreensão dos processos que controlam o movimento da água e sedimentos e seus impactos na disponibilidade e qualidade das águas. Os modelos hidrológicos são ferramentas com alto potencial para a simulação de cenários hipotéticos em diferentes escalas. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do modelo SWAT para representação do fluxo hidrossedimentológico em uma bacia hidrográfica catarinense a partir dos procedimentos usuais de calibração e validação. O estudo foi realizado na bacia do rio Camboriú com uma área de 195 km². Na análise do desempenho do modelo comparou-se os dados de vazão e sólidos transportados medidos e simulados na seção de controle. Os resultados obtidos atestaram a capacidade do SWAT para as simulações hidrossedimentológicas nessa bacia. Entretanto, foi preciso realizar a sua calibração para que as simulações atendessem os critérios de qualidade estabelecidos. Após a calibração, observou-se uma tendência de subestimativa das variáveis simuladas, porém, dentro de limites aceitáveis. Além disso, foi possível comprovar a eficiência do modelo para simulação das curvas de permanência das variáveis estudadas, caracterizando o SWAT como uma ferramenta importante na gestão de bacias hidrográficas como a do rio Camboriú.
Sharp estimates for trilinear oscillatory integrals and an algorithm of two-dimensional resolution of singularities
Authors: Xiao Lechao
Published: February 2017

We obtain sharp estimates for certain trilinear oscillatory integrals, extending Phong and Stein’s seminal result to a trilinear setting. This result partially answers a question raised by Christ, Li, Tao and Thiele, concerning sharp estimates for certain multilinear oscillatory integrals. The method in this paper relies on a self-contained algorithm of resolution of singularities in

\mathbb R^2

, which may be of independent interest.
On the generalized Cheeger problem and an application to 2d strips
Authors: Pratelli Aldo , Saracco Giorgio
Published: February 2017

In this paper we consider the generalization of the Cheeger problem which comes by considering the ratio between the perimeter and a certain power of the volume. This generalization has been already sometimes treated, but some of the main properties were still not studied, and our main aim is to fill this gap. We will show that most of the first important properties of the classical Cheeger problem are still valid, but others fail; more precisely, long and thin rectangles will give a counterexample to the property of Cheeger sets of being the union of all the balls of a certain radius, as well as to the uniqueness. The shape of Cheeger set for rectangles and strips is then studied as well as their Cheeger constant.
Getting what they need when they need it
Authors: Werner Nicole , Stanislawski Barbara , Marx Katherine , Watkins Daphne , Kobayashi Marissa , Kales Helen , Gitlin Laura
Published: February 2017

Background: Consumer health informatics (CHI) such as web-based applications may provide the platform for enabling the over 15 million family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s Disease or related dementias the information they need when they need it to support behavioral symptom management. However, for CHI to be successful, it is necessary that it be designed to meet the specific information needs of family caregivers in the context in which caregiving occurs. A sociotechnical systems approach to CHI design can help to understand the contextual complexities of family caregiving and account for those complexities in the design of CHI for family caregivers. Objectives: This study used a sociotechnical systems approach to identify barriers to meeting care-givers’ information needs related to the management of dementia-related behavioral symptoms, and to derive design implications that overcome barriers for caregiver-focused web-based platforms. We have subsequently used these design implications to inform the development of a web-based platform, WeCareAdvisor,TM which provides caregivers with information and an algorithm by which to identify and manage behavioral symptoms for which they seek management strategies.

Methods: We conducted 4 focus groups with family caregivers (N=26) in a Midwestern state. Qualitative content analysis of the data was guided by a sociotechnical systems framework. Results: We identified nine categories of barriers that family caregivers confront in obtaining needed information about behavioral symptom management from which we extrapolated design implications for a web-based platform. Based on interactions within the sociotechnical system, three critical information needs were identified: 1) timely access to information, 2) access to information that is tailored or specific to caregiver’s needs and contexts, and 3) usable information that can directly inform how caregivers’ manage behaviors.

Conclusions: The sociotechnical system framework is a useful approach for identifying information needs of family caregivers to inform design of web-based platforms that are user-centered.
Intraosseous vascular access in disasters and mass casualty events: A review of the literature
Authors: Burgert, DNAP James M.
Published: February 2017

Objective: The intraosseous (IO) route of vascular access has been increasingly used to administer resuscitative fluids and drugs to patients in whom reliable intravenous (IV) access could not be rapidly or easily obtained. It is unknown that to what extent the IO route has been used to gain vascular access during disasters and mass casualty events. The purpose of this review was to examine the existing literature to answer the research question, “What is the utility of the IO route compared to other routes for establishing vascular access in patients resulting from disasters and mass casualty events?”Design: Keyword-based online database search of PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.Setting: University-based academic research cell.Evidence Sources: Included evidence were randomized and nonrandomized trials, systematic reviews with and without meta-analysis, case series, and case reports. Excluded evidence included narrative reviews and expert opinion.Main Outcome Measures: Not applicable.Results: Of 297 evidence sources located, 22 met inclusion criteria. Located evidence was organized into four categories including chemical agent poisoning, IO placement, while wearing chemical protective clothing (PPE), military trauma, and infectious disease outbreak.Conclusions: Evidence indicates that the IO route of infusion is pharmacokinetically equal to the IV route and superior to the intramuscular (IM) and endotracheal routes for the administration of antidotal drugs in animal models of chemical agent poisoning while wearing full chemical PPE. The IO route is superior to the IM route for antidote administration during hypovolemic shock. Civilian casualties of explosive attacks and mass shootings would likely benefit from expanded use of the IO route and military resuscitation strategies. The IO route is useful for fluid resuscitation in the management of diarrheal and hemorrhagic infectious disease outbreaks.
A primer on intraosseous access: History, clinical considerations, and current devices
Authors: Burgert, DNAP James M.
Published: February 2017

Objective: Intraosseous (IO) access is a method recommended by the American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council to administer resuscitative drugs and fluids when intravenous (IV) access cannot be rapidly or easily obtained. Many clinicians have limited knowledge or experience with the IO route. The purpose of this review was to provide the reader with a succinct review of the history, clinical considerations, and devices associated with IO access.Design: Narrative review.Setting: University-based academic research cell.Main Outcome Measures: Not applicable.Results: Not applicable.Conclusions: IO access is a lifesaving bridge to definitive vascular access that may be considered when an IV cannot be rapidly attained and the patient's outcome may be negatively affected without prompt circulatory access. The IO route has few contraindications for use and a low rate of serious complications. Multiple manual and powered devices that may be placed in several anatomic sites are commercially available. All clinicians who provide acute care or respond to cardiovascular emergencies should obtain training and maintain proficiency in placing and using IO devices as the IO route is recommended by the major resuscitation organizations as the preferred route of infusion when rapid, reliable IV access is unavailable.
Effects of intravenous, sternal, and humerus intraosseous administration of Hextend on time of administration and hemodynamics in a hypovolemic swine model
Authors: Blouin, BS Dawn , Gegel, DNAP, CRNA Brian T. , Johnson, PhD Don , Garcia-Blanco, MD Jose C.
Published: February 2017

Objective: To determine if there were significant differences among humerus intraosseous (HIO), sternal intraosseous (SIO), and intravenous (IV) administration of 500 mL Hextend in hemodynamics or administration time in a hypovolemic swine model.Setting: Vivarium.Subjects: Yorkshire swine; sample size was based on a large effect size of 0.5, an α of 0.05, and a power of 80 percent Swine were randomly assigned to one of four groups: HIO (n = 9), SIO (n = 9), IV (n = 9), and control (n = 9).Intervention: Swine were exsanguinated 30 percent of their blood volume. Hextend (500 mL) was administered by either the HIO, SIO, or IV route; the control group received none.Main Outcome: Time of administration of Hextend; systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV) data were collected every 2 minutes and compared by group over 8 minutes.Results: A repeated analysis of variance found that there were no significant differences in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, CO, and SV among HIO, SIO, and IV groups over 8 minutes (p > 0.05). An analyses of variance determined that there was no significant difference between groups relative to time of administration (p = 0.521).Conclusion: When IV access is difficult, both HIO and SIO are effective techniques for rapid vascular access and the administration of Hextend for patients in hypovolemic shock.
The effects of sternal and intravenous vasopressin administration on pharmacokinetics
Authors: Vallier, BSN Donald J. , Torrence, BSN Ashley D. , Stevens III, BSN Robinson , Arcinue, BSN Peta Noreen , Johnson, PhD Don
Published: February 2017

Objective: Purposes of this study were to compare intravenous (IV) and sternal intraosseous (SIO) administration of vasopressin relative to concentration maximum (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), and mean concentration in a cardiac arrest model.Design: Prospective, between subjects, randomized experimental design.Setting: Vivarium.Subjects: Yorkshire-cross swine (N = 16) Intervention: Swine were anesthetized, placed into cardiac arrest, and after 2 minutes, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated. After additional 2 minutes, 40 units of vasopressin was administered either by SIO or IV route. Blood samples were collected over 4 minutes. Cmax and means were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Main outcome Measurements: Cmax, Tmax, and mean plasma concentrations.Results: There were no significant differences in the SIO and IV groups in Cmax (p = 0.96) or Tmax (p = 0.27). The IV and SIO group had a mean Cmax of 68,151 ± SD 21,534 and 69,034 ± SD 40,169 pg/mL, respectively. The IV and SIO vasopressin groups had a mean Tmax of 105 ± SD 39 and 80 ± SD 41 seconds, respectively.Conclusion: A multivariate analyses of variance indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in pretest data, Cmax, and Tmax; a repeated analyses of variance indicated that there were no significant differences between the groups relative to mean concentrations of serum vasopressin over time (p > 0.05).Conclusion: When a patient is in cardiac arrest, it is essential to establish rapid and reliable access to blood vessels so that life-saving drugs can be administered and the SIO provides such a route.
Special Issues on Intraosseous Medicine
Authors: Briggs, MD, MPH, FACS Susan M.
Published: February 2017

Peripheral intravenous (IV) access can be difficult to achieve in critically ill patients who require vascular access in order to administer life-saving blood products, fluids and medications, especially in disasters and combat casualty care. Intraosseous access (IO) has become the standard of care for all medical emergencies, pre-hospital and hospital, when peripheral IV access cannot be rapidly established, and the techniques have been endorsed by multiple professional medical organizations. Research is rapidly expanding, both in the indications for IO, routes of administration, and clinical outcomes of intraosseous administration. The American Journal of Disaster Medicine is pleased to have the opportunity to publish two Special Issues1 focusing on current intraosseous research studies
Five-year records of mercury wet deposition flux at GMOS sites in the Northern and Southern hemispheres
Authors: Sprovieri Francesca , Pirrone Nicola , Bencardino Mariantonia , D'Amore Francesco , Angot Helene , Barbante Carlo , Brunke Ernst-Günther , Arcega-Cabrera Flor , Cairns Warren , Comero Sara , Diéguez María del Carmen , Dommergue Aurélien , Ebinghaus Ralf , Feng Xin Bin , Fu Xuewu , Garcia Patricia Elizabeth , Gawlik Bernd Manfred , Hageström Ulla , Hansson Katarina , Horvat Milena , Kotnik Jože , Labuschagne Casper , Magand Olivier , Martin Lynwill , Mashyanov Nikolay , Mkololo Thumeka , Munthe John , Obolkin Vladimir , Ramirez Islas Martha , Sena Fabrizio , Somerset Vernon , Spandow Pia , Vardè Massimiliano , Walters Chavon , Wängberg Ingvar , Weigelt Andreas , Yang Xu , Zhang Hui
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The atmospheric deposition of mercury (Hg) occurs via several mechanisms, including dry and wet scavenging by precipitation events. In an effort to understand the atmospheric cycling and seasonal depositional characteristics of Hg, wet deposition samples were collected for approximately 5 years at 17 selected GMOS monitoring sites located in the Northern and Southern hemispheres in the framework of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project. Total mercury (THg) exhibited annual and seasonal patterns in Hg wet deposition samples. Interannual differences in total wet deposition are mostly linked with precipitation volume, with the greatest deposition flux occurring in the wettest years. This data set provides a new insight into baseline concentrations of THg concentrations in precipitation worldwide, particularly in regions such as the Southern Hemisphere and tropical areas where wet deposition as well as atmospheric Hg species were not investigated before, opening the way for future and additional simultaneous measurements across the GMOS network as well as new findings in future modeling studies.
Multi-model simulations of aerosol and ozone radiative forcing due to anthropogenic emission changes during the period 1990–2015
Authors: Myhre Gunnar , Aas Wenche , Cherian Ribu , Collins William , Faluvegi Greg , Flanner Mark , Forster Piers , Hodnebrog Øivind , Klimont Zbigniew , Lund Marianne T. , Mülmenstädt Johannes , Lund Myhre Cathrine , Olivié Dirk , Prather Michael , Quaas Johannes , Samset Bjørn H. , Schnell Jordan L. , Schulz Michael , Shindell Drew , Skeie Ragnhild B. , Takemura Toshihiko , Tsyro Svetlana
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Over the past few decades, the geographical distribution of emissions of substances that alter the atmospheric energy balance has changed due to economic growth and air pollution regulations. Here, we show the resulting changes to aerosol and ozone abundances and their radiative forcing using recently updated emission data for the period 1990–2015, as simulated by seven global atmospheric composition models. The models broadly reproduce large-scale changes in surface aerosol and ozone based on observations (e.g. −1 to −3 % yr−1 in aerosols over the USA and Europe). The global mean radiative forcing due to ozone and aerosol changes over the 1990–2015 period increased by +0.17 ± 0.08 W m−2, with approximately one-third due to ozone. This increase is more strongly positive than that reported in IPCC AR5. The main reasons for the increased positive radiative forcing of aerosols over this period are the substantial reduction of global mean SO2 emissions, which is stronger in the new emission inventory compared to that used in the IPCC analysis, and higher black carbon emissions.
Investigating Diesel Engines as an Atmospheric Source of Isocyanic
Acid in Urban Areas
Authors: Jathar Shantanu H. , Heppding Christopher , Link Michael F. , Farmer Delphine K. , Akherati Ali , Kleeman Michael J. , de Gouw Joost A. , Veres Patrick R. , Roberts James M.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Isocyanic acid (HNCO), an acidic gas found in tobacco smoke, urban environments and biomass burning-affected regions, has been linked to adverse health outcomes. Gasoline- and diesel-powered engines and biomass burning are known to emit HNCO and hypothesized to emit precursors such as amides that can photochemically react to produce HNCO in the atmosphere. Increasingly, diesel engines in developed countries like the United States are required to use Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems to reduce tailpipe emissions of oxides of nitrogen. SCR chemistry is known to produce HNCO as an intermediate product, and SCR systems have been implicated as a atmospheric source of HNCO. In this work, we measure HNCO emissions from an SCR system-equipped diesel engine and, in combination with earlier data, use a three-dimensional chemical transport model (CTM) to simulate the ambient concentrations and source/pathway contributions to HNCO in an urban environment. Engine tests were conducted at three different engine loads, using two different fuels and at multiple operating points. HNCO was measured using an acetate chemical ionization mass spectrometer. The diesel engine was found to emit primary HNCO (3–90 mg kg-fuel−1) but we did not find any evidence that the SCR system or other aftertreatment devices (i.e., oxidation catalyst and particle filter) produced or enhanced HNCO emissions. The CTM predictions compared well with the only available observational data sets for HNCO in urban areas but under-predicted the contribution from secondary processes. The comparison implied that diesel-powered engines were the largest source of HNCO in urban areas. The CTM also predicted that daily-averaged concentrations of HNCO reached a maximum of ~ 110 pptv but were an order of magnitude lower than the 1 ppbv level that could be associated with physiological effects in humans. Precursor contributions from other combustion sources (gasoline and biomass burning) and wintertime conditions could enhance HNCO concentrations but need to be explored in future work.