bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of BioFire Respiratory Panel 2
plus
for Detection of Bordetella pertussis in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens from Children with Clinically Suspected Pertussis
Authors: Li Chi , Huang Chaoying , Zhang Ruimu , Wang Hongmei , Tian Shufeng , Tang Yi-Wei , Deng Jikui
Published: January 2023

In recent years, there have been some epidemic or local outbreaks of pertussis in countries with high vaccination rates. One of the crucial factors in controlling pertussis is early diagnosis, which is based on specific laboratory measurements, including culture, serological tests, and PCR assays.
Biological and Genomic Characteristics of MaMV-DH01, a Novel Freshwater
Myoviridae
Cyanophage Strain
Authors: Meng Li-Hui , Ke Fei , Zhang Qi-Ya , Zhao Zhe
Published: January 2023

A novel freshwater
Myoviridae
cyanophage strain, MaMV-DH01, was isolated; this strain infects
Microcystis aeruginosa
FACHB-524, and the biological and genomic characteristics of MaMV-DH01 provide new insights for understanding the mechanism by which cyanophages infect cyanobacterial blooms.
Predictive Power of Long-Read Whole-Genome Sequencing for Rapid Diagnostics of Multidrug-Resistant Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Strains
Authors: Vereecke Nick , Botteldoorn Nadine , Brossé Charlotte , Bonckaert Caroline , Nauwynck Hans , Haesebrouck Freddy , Boyen Filip , Maes Dominiek , Theuns Sebastiaan
Published: January 2023

Diagnostics for swine dysentery rely on the identification of
Brachyspira
species using molecular techniques. Nevertheless, no quick diagnostic tools are available for antimicrobial susceptibility testing due to extended growth requirements (7 to 14 days).
Rapid Identification of Relevant Microbial Strains by Identifying Multiple Marker Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms via Amplicon Sequencing: Epidemic Monkeypox Virus as a Proof of Concept
Authors: Buenestado-Serrano Sergio , Herranz Marta , Palomino-Cabrera Rosalía , Rodríguez-Grande Cristina , Peñas-Utrilla Daniel , Molero-Salinas Andrea , Veintimilla Cristina , Catalán Pilar , Alonso Roberto , Muñoz Patricia , Pérez-Lago Laura , García de Viedma Darío
Published: January 2023

Nanopore sequencing of multiple amplicons harboring signature single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) escapes the targeting limitations of strain-specific PCRs and offers a powerful alternative to systematic whole-genome analysis, paving the way to real-time genomic epidemiology and making immediate intervention possible to finally optimize transmission control.
Using Restriction Endonuclease, Protection, Selection, and Amplification to Identify Preferred DNA-Binding Sequences of Microbial Transcription Factors
Authors: Barrows John K. , Van Dyke Michael W.
Published: January 2023

Transcription regulatory proteins are an essential class of proteins that help maintain cellular homeostasis by adapting the transcriptome based on environmental cues. Dysregulation of transcription factors can lead to diseases such as cancer, and many eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription factors have become enticing therapeutic targets.
Supplemental Material: Quantitative record of the Neoarchean water cycle from a 2.67 Ga magmatic-hydrothermal system, Fennoscandian Shield
Authors: Zakharov David , al. et
Published: January 2023

Sample description, methods, oxygen-isotope notations and triple oxygen-isotope fractionation, Figures S1–S5, and Tables S1–S3. 
Validation of a paediatric sepsis screening tool to identify children with sepsis in the emergency department: a statewide prospective cohort study in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Gilholm Patricia , Gibbons Kristen , Lister Paula , Harley Amanda , Irwin Adam , Raman Sainath , Rice Michael , Schlapbach Luregn J
Published: January 2023

Objective

The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend the implementation of systematic screening for sepsis. We aimed to validate a paediatric sepsis screening tool and derive a simplified screening tool.

Design

Prospective multicentre study conducted between August 2018 and December 2019. We assessed the performance of the paediatric sepsis screening tool using stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses with 10-fold cross-validation and evaluated the final model at defined risk thresholds.

Setting

Twelve emergency departments (EDs) in Queensland, Australia.

Participants

3473 children screened for sepsis, of which 523 (15.1%) were diagnosed with sepsis.

Interventions

A 32-item paediatric sepsis screening tool including rapidly available information from triage, risk factors and targeted physical examination.

Primary outcome measure

Senior medical officer-diagnosed sepsis combined with the administration of intravenous antibiotics in the ED.

Results

The 32-item paediatric sepsis screening tool had good predictive performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.80, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.82). A simplified tool containing 16 of 32 criteria had comparable performance and retained an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.82). To reach a sensitivity of 90% (95% CI 87% to 92%), the final model achieved a specificity of 51% (95% CI 49% to 53%). Sensitivity analyses using the outcomes of sepsis-associated organ dysfunction (AUC 0.84, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.87) and septic shock (AUC 0.84, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.88) confirmed the main results.

Conclusions

A simplified paediatric sepsis screening tool performed well to identify children with sepsis in the ED. Implementation of sepsis screening tools may improve the timely recognition and treatment of sepsis.
Telehealth use in Australian primary healthcare during COVID-19: a cross-sectional descriptive survey
Authors: Halcomb Elizabeth J , Ashley Christine , Dennis Sarah , McInnes Susan , Morgan Mark , Zwar Nicholas , Williams Anna
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate Australian primary healthcare professionals’ experiences of the rapid upscaling of telehealth during COVID-19.

Design

A cross-sectional survey.

Participants and setting

Two hundred and seventeen general practitioners, nurses and allied health professionals employed in primary healthcare settings across Australia were recruited via social media and professional organisations.

Methods

An online survey was disseminated between December 2020 and March 2021. The survey comprised items about individual demographics, experiences of delivering telehealth consultations, perceived quality of telehealth consultations and future perceptions of telehealth.

Results

Telephone was the most widely used method of providing telehealth, with less than 50% of participants using a combination of telephone and video. Key barriers to telehealth use related to the inability to undertake physical examination or physical intervention. Telehealth was perceived to improve access to healthcare for some vulnerable groups and those living in rural settings, but reduced access for people from non-English-speaking backgrounds. Quality of telehealth care was considered mostly or somewhat the same as care provided face-to-face, with actual or perceived negative outcomes related to missed or delayed diagnosis. Overwhelmingly, participants wanted telehealth to continue with guaranteed ongoing funding. Some 43.7% of participants identified the need to further improve telehealth models of care.

Conclusion

The rapid shift to telehealth has facilitated ongoing care during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, further work is required to better understand how telehealth can be best harnessed to add value to service delivery in usual care.
Short-term and long-term effects of Sanming healthcare system reform on drug-related expenditures for rural patients with cancer in public hospitals: an interrupted time series analysis using segmented regression model in China
Authors: Fu Rong , Chen Qidong , Lin Yulan , Lin Zheng , Zheng Zhenquan , Hu Zhijian
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To assess the effects of ‘Sanming model’ on drug-related expenditures.

Design

Interrupted time series analysis with two time points was conducted to analyse the effects of ‘Sanming model’ using segmented regression model.

Setting

Two hundred and eighty public hospitals in Fujian province in China.

Participants

A total of 777 171 inpatients and 792 743 outpatients with cancer who participated in New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) were included.

Interventions

‘Sanming model’ was issued by Sanming government in February 2013 and spread to other cities in Fujian province in January 2015.

Primary outcome measures

Four drug-related expenditure variables.

Results

Among inpatients, total drug expenditures and drug expenditures covered by NRCMS dropped instantly after the reform in all hospitals. Although there was insignificant change during the short-term reform period, the total drug expenditures and drug expenditures covered by NRCMS decreased at the rate of ¥20.3 (p=0.0099) and ¥18.8 (p=0.0341) per capita month-to-month during the long-term reform period in Sanming hospitals, respectively. Among outpatients, total drug expenditures and drug expenditures covered by NRCMS decreased at the rate of ¥20.8 (p=0.0335) and ¥18.4 (p=0.0242) per capita month-to-month during the short-term reform period in Sanming hospitals, respectively. However, the downward trend did not continue into the long term. The significant decreases in trend of drug expenditures uncovered by NRCMS were only observed after the reform in provincial hospitals. The ratio of drug expenditures to inpatient (outpatient) expenditures decreased after the reform in all hospitals.

Conclusions

‘Sanming model’ had long-term effect in reducing total drug expenditures, drug ratio and drug expenditures covered by NRCMS for rural inpatients with cancer and only short-term positive effect for outpatients. However, there was limited effect of ‘Sanming model’ on drug expenditures uncovered by NRCMS. ‘Sanming model’ still needs to accumulate experiences and improves the reform measures dynamically.
Emergency admission plasma D-dimer: a novel predictor for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Qiu Kai , Jia Zhen Yu , Cao Yuezhou , Zhao Lin-Bo , Zu Qingquan , Shi Hai-Bin , Liu Sheng
Published: January 2023

Background

Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is a common and severe complication in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after treatment with thrombectomy.

Objective

To explore the ability of admission plasma D-dimer levels to predict sICH after thrombectomy.

Methods

Between February 2018 and August 2021, consecutive patients with AIS who underwent thrombectomy at our single comprehensive stroke center were retrospectively enrolled. sICH was defined according to the criterion of the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors of sICH. The overall discriminative ability of D-dimer levels in predicting sICH was evaluated by adopting a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

Of the 395 enrolled patients, 48 (12.2%) had sICH. Patients with sICH were older (72.9 vs 69.3 years, P=0.037), more often female (62.5% vs 45.5%, P=0.027), had higher D-dimer levels (2.70 vs 0.74 mg/L, P<0.001), higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (20 vs 15, P<0.001), lower Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (8 vs 9, P<0.001), a higher proportion of internal carotid artery occlusions (56.2% vs 30.3%, P<0.001), and less commonly had large-artery atherosclerosis stroke etiology (12.5% vs 32.3%, P=0.010) than patients without sICH. After adjustment for potential confounders, D-dimer levels (adjusted OR=2.45, 95% CI 1.75 to 3.43, P<0.001) remained significantly associated with sICH. Based on the ROC, the D-dimer as a predictor for predicting sICH, presented with a specificity of 86.2%, a negative predictive value of 94.6%, and an area under the curve of 0.774.

Conclusion

Elevated admission D-dimer levels are an independent predictor of sICH in patients with AIS after thrombectomy.
Efficacy of yeast and garlic extract mixture on growth performance, tract digestibility, excreta microbiota, gas emission, blood profile, and meat quality in broiler
Authors: Biswas Sarbani , Kim In Ho
Published: January 2023

This experiment was accompanied to determine the use of yeast and garlic extract mixture in broiler diets on growth performance, nutrient absorption, excreta microbiota, blood profiles, and meat quality. A total of 792 male Ross 308 broilers (1-day-old, body weight 41 ± 0.5 g, and 5 weeks trial) were randomly allocated. Birds were arbitrarily assigned to one of four nutritive treatments (11 replicates; 18 birds/replicate). A basal diet (CON) was supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% yeast–garlic mixture (YGM). Body weight gain linearly increased during the overall period and tended to increase from day 21 to day 35, while feed intake showed a tendency to increase during the overall period by YGM inclusion. However, Salmonella counts linearly decreased, but Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli counts remained unaffected. Excreta CO2 emissions were linearly reduced; nevertheless, other noxious gas emissions were not affected. Furthermore, YGM supplementation elicited a tendency for improved lymphocytes and linearly increased IgG. However, feed conversion ratio, mortality, nutrient utilization, and meat quality were not influenced. YGM addition (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) linearly improved broiler growth performance by decreasing microbiota and gas emission and increasing blood parameters. So, the proper dose of YGM was 0.3%.
Effect of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) as a soybean meal replacement on the performance, meat quality, and blood parameters of broilers
Authors: Lim Chun Ik , Choi Nag Jin
Published: January 2023

This study investigated the effects of dietary lupin (LP) as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM) on the performance, meat quality, and blood parameters of broilers. A total of 960 1-day-old Ross 708 broilers were divided into four dietary groups. The four diets were formulated with different levels of dehulled LP content in place of SBM; LP0: 0, LP50: 50, LP100: 100, and LP200: 200 g/kg. There was a trend ( P < 0.10) for reduced weight gain in the LP200 group compared with other groups. The feed conversion ratio was higher ( P < 0.05) in the LP200 group than in the LP0 and LP50 groups. Concerning breast meat characteristics, the lightness color (L*) was lower ( P < 0.05) in the LP200-fed group compared with the LP0 group. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher ( P < 0.05) in LP100- and LP200-fed chickens than in LP0-fed chickens. Serum HDL cholesterol was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in the group fed LP200 compared with the groups fed LP0 and LP50. A higher serum concentration of interleukin (IL)-2 was found in groups fed LP100 and LP200 than in groups fed LP0 and LP50. Our results suggest that LP could be a dose-dependent SBM substitute, and that the optimal level of LP inclusion is approximately 100 g/kg.
SOLUTION OF VARIABLE-ORDER NONLINEAR FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS USING HAAR WAVELET COLLOCATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: AMIN ROHUL , HAFSA  , HADI FAZLI , ALTANJI MOHAMED , NISAR KOTTAKKARAN SOOPPY , SUMELKA WOJCIECH
Published: January 2023

A numerical method for the solution of nonlinear variable-order (VO) fractional differential equations (FDEs) is proposed in this paper. To determine the numerical solution of nonlinear VO FDEs, we used the Haar wavelet collocation method (HWCM) with a combination of Caputo fractional derivatives. For checking the efficiency of the HWCM, some examples are given. The maximum absolute error and mean square root errors of each test problem are computed for a different number of collocation points (CPs) to check the validity and applicability of the presented technique. The comparison of the exact and approximate solution is shown in figures for various numbers of CPs.
Mobile Big Data Analytics for Human Behavior Recognition in Wireless Sensor Network Based on Transfer Learning
Authors: Cui Zhexiong , Ren Jie
Published: January 2023

Big data analysis of human behavior can provide the basis and support for the application of various scenarios. Using sensors for human behavior analysis is an effective means of identification method, which is very valuable for research. To address the problems of low recognition accuracy, low recognition efficiency of traditional human behavior recognition (HBR) algorithms in complex scenes, in this paper, we propose an HBR algorithm for Mobile Big data analytics in wireless sensor network using improved transfer learning. First, different wireless sensors are fused to obtain human behavior mobile big data, and then by analyzing the importance of human behavior features (HBF), the dynamic change parameters of HBF extraction threshold are calculated. Second, combined with the dynamic change parameters of threshold, the HBF of complex scenes are extracted. Finally, the best classification function of human behavior in complex scenes is obtained by using the classification function of HBF in complex scenes. Human behavior in complex scenes is classified according to the HBF in the feature set. The HBR algorithm is designed by using the improved transfer learning network to realize the recognition of human behavior in complex scenes. The results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately recognize up to 22 HBF points, and can control the HBR time within 2 s. The human behavior false recognition rate of miscellaneous scenes is less than 10%. The recognition speed is above 10/s, and the recall rate can reach more than 98%, which improves the HBR ability of complex scenes.
Do mean values tell the full story? Cardiac cycle and biological sex comparisons in temporally derived neurovascular coupling metrics
Authors: Burma Joel S. , Rattana Selina , Johnson Nathan E. , Smirl Jonathan D.
Published: January 2023

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) studies commonly assess the mean cerebral hemodynamic response with little consideration for diastole, systole, and biological sex. Greater total activation expressed as the area under the curve was seen within systole compared with mean and diastole. Resting cerebral blood velocity sex differences were more prevalent during diastole when the cerebrovasculature was pressure-passive. Future studies should assess the NVC response across the cardiac cycle as it may help delineate the underlying pathophysiology of various clinical populations.
Lung de-recruitment in the allergic asthma of obesity: evidence from an anatomically based inverse model
Authors: Bates Jason H. T. , Kaminsky David A. , Garrow Olivia J. , Martin Francesca K. , Peters Ubong , Tharp W. Gabe , Dixon Anne E.
Published: January 2023

Using a novel anatomically based computational model to interpret oscillometry measurements of impedance, we show that respiratory system elastance is increased in obesity and is increased dramatically in individuals with obese allergic asthma. A significant component of this increased elastance in obese allergic asthma appears to be due to closure of small airways rather than alveolar atelectasis, and this closure is partially mitigated by albuterol. These findings potentially point to nonpharmacological therapies in obese allergic asthma aimed at recruiting closed airways.
Vascular mechanotransduction
Authors: Davis Michael J. , Earley Scott , Li Yi-Shuan , Chien Shu
Published: January 2023

This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
Investigation of the Effects of Glabridin on the Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Migration of the Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines SW480 and SW620 and Its Mechanism Based on Reverse Virtual Screening and Proteomics
Authors: Li Tingting , Li Hang , Xia Wenxin , Li Mengyuan , Niu Yang , Fu Xueyan
Published: January 2023

Colon cancer is a relatively common malignant tumor of the digestive tract. Currently, most colon cancers originate from adenoma carcinogenesis. By screening various licorice flavonoids with anticancer effects, we found that glabridin (GBN) has a prominent anticolon cancer effect. First, we initially explored whether GBN can inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion and induce apoptosis in SW480 and SW620 cells. Next, we exploited reverse virtual and proteomics technologies to screen out closely related target pathways on the basis of a drug and target database. At the same time, we constructed the structure of the GBN target pathway in colon cancer. We predicted that GBN can regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT)–mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway (mTOR) pathway to fight colon cancer. Finally, through Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR, we verified that the expression levels of the PI3K, AKT, and mTOR proteins and genes in this pathway were significantly reduced after GBN administration. In short, the promising discovery of the anticolon cancer mechanism of GBN provides a reliable experimental basis for subsequent new drug development.
Managing Anesthesia for a Patient with Takayasu Illness
Authors: Freitas Gabriela , Guerra João Luiz , Fornero Cesar Henrique , Delgado Marina
Published: January 2023

This article intended to provide an overview of the anesthetic management for a patient with Takayasu arteritis, an uncommon and challenging disease. Despite the limited literature, it becomes more evident that there is no right answer for all patients. Considering that, it is important to take into account the severity and specific features of the underlying disease to decide the best anesthetic approach. In this context, an adequate preoperative assessment focusing on cardiovascular function becomes essential. Adequate cardiovascular monitoring is also essential in the intraoperative period. A multidisciplinary team should be involved in the perioperative period to provide the best care possible and improve patient outcomes. This case illustrates a successful hysterectomy in a patient with Takayasu arteritis, pointing out the pathophysiologic considerations and discussing the means to reduce the perioperative risk. The particularities described in this case report may help other physicians choose the best strategy when facing challenging patients similar to the one described.
Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor: A Rare Renal Neoplasm—Case Report with Clinicopathologic Features and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tinguria Mukund , Chorneyko Katherine
Published: January 2023

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) is a rare benign renal neoplasm composed of epithelial and stromal components. Here, we report a 61-year-old woman presenting with a left complex cystic renal mass. The lesion was found incidentally on ultrasound for abdominal discomfort. CT scan and MRI showed a 7.4 cm complex cystic lesion in the left kidney. The differential diagnoses included complex renal cyst and cystic renal cell carcinoma. Laparoscopic nephrectomy showed a large 7.5 cm multicystic tumor with thick and thin septae and smooth walled-cysts containing clear watery fluid. Histologic examination showed variable sized cysts lined by flattened, cuboidal to columnar epithelium with focal hobnailing. No significant cytologic atypia or mitoses were noted. The cyst lining epithelium was positive for CK7 and high molecular weight cytokeratin (34Be12). The stroma was positive for alpha smooth muscle actin, CD10, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. This report contributes an additional case to our collective knowledge of these lesions and summarizes the literature around these rare neoplasms.
Multiscale Feature Fusion for Skin Lesion Classification
Authors: Wang Gang , Yan Pu , Tang Qingwei , Yang Lijuan , Chen Jie
Published: January 2023

Skin cancer has a high mortality rate, and early detection can greatly reduce patient mortality. Convolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely applied in the field of computer‐aided diagnosis. To improve the ability of convolutional neural networks to accurately classify skin lesions, we propose a multiscale feature fusion model for skin lesion classification. We use a two‐stream network, which are a densely connected network (DenseNet‐121) and improved visual geometry group network (VGG‐16). In the feature fusion module, we construct multireceptive fields to obtain multiscale pathological information and use generalized mean pooling (GeM pooling) to reduce the spatial dimensionality of lesion features. Finally, we built and tested a system with the developed skin lesion classification model. The experiments were performed on the dataset ISIC2018, which can achieve a good classification performance with a test accuracy of 91.24% and macroaverages of 95%.
A Decision-Making Method for Distributed Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarm considering Attack Constraints in the Cooperative Strike Phase
Authors: Su Wenjia , Gao Min , Gao Xinbao , Xuan Zhaolong
Published: January 2023

In view of the growing military forces of various countries, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms, as a new type of weapon, are gradually attracting the attention of more and more countries. Decision-making, as the core link in its application, has also become the focus of research in these countries. In this work, the distributed UAV swarm cooperative strike decision-making problems are separated from the distributed UAV swarm cooperative search strike decision-making problems, and the distributed UAV swarm cooperative strike multiobjective decision-making model is established, with the relevant constraints clarified. Besides, according to the analysis of the motion characteristics of UAV and the speed requirements of the distributed UAV swarm cooperative strike decision, an arc tangent trajectory planning method, conforming to the motion characteristics of UAV, is proposed. Moreover, a distributed cooperative strike decision-making method, based on the idea of “campaign endorsement and invitation cooperation,” is put forward, with the effectiveness and superiority validated by simulation experiments.
CD8+ T cell–Dependent Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment Overcomes Chemoresistance
Authors: Lao Liyan , Zeng Wenfeng , Huang Penghan , Chen Huiping , Jia Zishuo , Wang Pei , Huang Di , Chen Jianing , Nie Yan , Yang Linbin , Wu Wei , Liu Jiang
Published: January 2023

The therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy is in part a result of its ability to enhance adaptive antitumor immune responses. However, tumor cells exploit various evasion mechanisms to escape the immune attack and blunt chemosensitivity. Herein, we report that through single-cell profiling of the tumor immune microenvironment, we identified a subset of CD161-overexpressing CD8+ T cells enriched in chemoresistant tumors. CD161 engagement repressed the calcium influx and cytolytic capacity of CD8+ T cells through acid sphingomyelinase activation and ceramide generation. Targeting CD161 in adoptively transferred cytotoxic T lymphocytes enhanced antitumor immunity and reversed chemoresistance in patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Clinically, CD161 expression on CD8+ T cells was associated with chemoresistance and shortened patient survival. Our findings provide insights into novel immunosuppressive mechanisms in chemoresistance and highlight targeting CD161 as a potential therapeutic strategy.
ULKUS KORNEA PERFORASI SEBAGAI DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN STEROID TANPA INDIKASI: SEBUAH LAPORAN KASUS
Authors: Vilado Irene , Herwindo Dicky , David Nathanael , Chandra Beryl , Sagita Zendy
Published: January 2023

Ulkus kornea merupakan suatu kondisi infeksi kornea yang melibatkan lapisan epitel hingga stroma.  Penggunaan steroid tanpa indikasi masih menjadi hal yang masif di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama (FKTP) serta berpotensi mengakibatkan berbagai komplikasi. Steroid dapat menunda penyembuhan epitel dan dapat menginduksi terjadinya perforasi, serta inhibisi neutrofil sehingga dapat mengeksaserbasi infeksi. Pemahaman secara holistik mengenai ulkus kornea terutama pendekatan diagnosis baik secara klinis maupun penunjang hingga manajemen efektif bagi pasien sangat penting untuk dipahami oleh setiap dokter terutama pada pelayanan FKTP. Tujuan dari laporan kasus ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan terkait penegakan diagnosis, tatalaksana steroid dan penggunaan periosteal graft pada ulkus kornea yang sudah mengalami perforasi. 

Seorang pria berusia 39 tahun datang ke RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang (RSSA) dengan keluhan mata kiri kemerahan, nyeri, dan muncul lesi berwarna putih yang meluas. Keluhan tersebut muncul pada mata kiri setelah terkena pelepah pisang satu bulan yang lalu. Awalnya hanya muncul bintik putih dan kemudian meluas. Pasien telah mendapat pengobatan dari FKTP dan Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Lanjutan (FKTL) namun dirujuk ke RSSA karena terdapat potensi komplikasi.

Pendekatan diagnosis secara holistik dan penatalaksanaan yang tepat indikasi penting untuk mencegah komplikasi ulkus kornea khususnya dalam penggunaan steroid.
Aspergilosis Kutis Primer dengan Gambaran Klinis Menyerupai Tuberkulosis Verukosa Kutis
Authors: Dani Adinda Amalia , Widasmara Dhelya
Published: January 2023

Pendahuluan: Aspergilosis kutis primer (AKP) adalah infeksi jamur invasif pada kulit yang jarang terjadi namun dapat mengancam jiwa. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh Aspergillus spp dan termasuk ke dalam mikosis profunda (subkutan).

Laporan kasus: Seorang laki-laki berusia 63 tahun datang dengan keluhan luka pada kulit di kaki kanan sejak 5 tahun yang gatal, nyeri dan bernanah. Pemeriksaan dermatologis menunjukkan papul dan plak eritematosa multipel, permukaan verukosa sebagian tertutup krusta kuning kecoklatan, xerosis dan beberapa ulkus dengan pus. Diagnosis banding yang diajukan adalah Tuberkulosis verukosa kutis, Kromoblastomikosis dan Misetoma. Hasil kultur jaringan menunjukkan Aspergillus niger. Hasil biopsi menunjang diagnosis mikosis profunda. Pasien kemudian didiagnosis sebagai Aspergilosis kutis primer, diberikan terapi dosis denyut Itrakonazol dan mengalami perbaikan klinis dalam 2 minggu.

Kesimpulan: Gambaran klinis atipikal pada pasien ini memberikan tantangan diagnostik bagi dermatologis. Pentingnya penegakan diagnosis pada pasien dengan mikosis profunda adalah untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab, menentukan tatalaksana tepat dan mencegah komplikasi.
Nurturing Diverse Generations of the Medical Workforce for Success With Authenticity: An Association of Black Cardiologists’ Roundtable
Authors: Haynes Norrisa A. , Johnson Michelle , Lewsey Sabra C. , Alexander Kevin M. , Anstey D. Edmund , Dillenburg Tierra , Njoroge Joyce N. , Gordon Debra , Ofili Elizabeth O. , Yancy Clyde W. , Albert Michelle A.
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the consequences of systemic racism in the United States with Black, Hispanic, and other racial and ethnic diverse populations dying at disproportionately higher rates than White Americans. Addressing the social and health disparities amplified by COVID-19 requires in part restructuring of the healthcare system, particularly the diversity of the healthcare workforce to better reflect that of the US population. In January 2021, the Association of Black Cardiologists hosted a virtual roundtable designed to discuss key issues pertaining to medical workforce diversity and to identify strategies aimed at improving racial and ethnic diversity in medical school, graduate medical education, faculty, and leadership positions. The Nurturing Diverse Generations of the Medical Workforce for Success with Authenticity roundtable brought together diverse stakeholders and champions of diversity and inclusion to discuss innovative ideas, solutions, and opportunities to address workforce diversification.
BMPR2
Mutation and Metabolic Reprogramming in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Cuthbertson Iona , Morrell Nicholas W. , Caruso Paola
Published: January 2023

Pulmonary arterial hypertension forms the first and most severe of the 5 categories of pulmonary hypertension. Disease pathogenesis is driven by progressive remodeling of peripheral pulmonary arteries, caused by the excessive proliferation of vascular wall cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, and perivascular inflammation. Compelling evidence from animal models suggests endothelial cell dysfunction is a key initial trigger of pulmonary vascular remodeling, which is characterised by hyperproliferation and early apoptosis followed by enrichment of apoptosis-resistant populations. Dysfunctional pulmonary arterial endothelial cells lose their ability to produce vasodilatory mediators, together leading to augmented pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell responses, increased pulmonary vascular pressures and right ventricular afterload, and progressive right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. It is recognized that a range of abnormal cellular molecular signatures underpin the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension and are enhanced by loss-of-function mutations in the
BMPR2
gene, the most common genetic cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension and associated with worse disease prognosis. Widespread metabolic abnormalities are observed in the heart, pulmonary vasculature, and systemic tissues, and may underpin heterogeneity in responsivity to treatment. Metabolic abnormalities include hyperglycolytic reprogramming, mitochondrial dysfunction, aberrant polyamine and sphingosine metabolism, reduced insulin sensitivity, and defective iron handling. This review critically discusses published mechanisms linking metabolic abnormalities with dysfunctional BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) signaling; hypothesized mechanistic links requiring further validation; and their relevance to pulmonary arterial hypertension pathogenesis and the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
Assessing Brain Tissue Viability on Nonenhanced Computed Tomography After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Alzahrani Awad , Zhang Xinyu , Albukhari Adel , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Mair Grant
Published: January 2023

Background:

Treatment for ischemic stroke can be offered beyond conventional time limits for patients with favorable computed tomography perfusion (CTP), but this is not universally available. We sought a threshold for brain attenuation on nonenhanced computed tomography (NECT) to differentiate CTP-defined penumbra vs core, and correlated NECT features with CTP.

Methods:

We retrospectively assessed consecutive patients presenting to King Abdulaziz University Hospital with ischemic stroke (2017–2020), baseline NECT, and a visible defect on concurrent CTP. Using CTP as the reference standard, we measured the attenuation of ischemic and healthy contralateral brain on NECT to produce attenuation ratios (ischemic/normal) for penumbra and core. We used area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to estimate the optimal computed tomography (CT) attenuation ratio for penumbra. Per patient, we qualitatively assessed 8 regions within the affected cerebral hemisphere: on NECT as normal, hypoattenuating (with/out swelling), or isolated swelling and on CTP as normal, penumbra, or core. We sought associations between isolated swelling and penumbra, and between hypoattenuation and core.

Results:

We include 142 patients (86 male), mean age 61±14 years. Median 261 minutes (interquartile range, 173–382) to NECT. We measured 206 ischemic lesions (124 penumbra, 82 core). Optimal CT attenuation ratio for identifying penumbra was >0.87, with 86% sensitivity 91% specificity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.92–0.98];
P
<0.0001). We qualitatively assessed 976 cerebral regions (72 isolated swelling, 254 hypoattenuation). On NECT, isolated swelling usually corresponded to CTP penumbra (70/72, 97%), whereas visible NECT hypoattenuation was found with core (141/254, 56%) and penumbra (109/254, 43%). CTP core lesions were rarely normal on NECT (13/155, 8%).

Conclusions:

After ischemic stroke, brain tissue viability can be assessed using NECT. Isolated swelling is highly specific to penumbra. Visible hypoattenuation does not always represent core, nearly half of such lesions were penumbral on concurrent CTP and can be differentiated by measuring lesion attenuation.
Landmark-dependent Navigation Strategy Declines across the Human Life-Span: Evidence from Over 37,000 Participants
Authors: West Greg L. , Patai Zita Eva , Coutrot Antoine , Hornberger Michael , Bohbot Véronique D. , Spiers Hugo J.
Published: January 2023

Humans show a remarkable capacity to navigate various environments using different navigation strategies, and we know that strategy changes across the life span. However, this observation has been based on studies of small sample sizes. To this end, we used a mobile app–based video game (Sea Hero Quest) to test virtual navigation strategies and memory performance within a distinct radial arm maze level in over 37,000 participants. Players were presented with six pathways (three open and three closed) and were required to navigate to the three open pathways to collect a target. Next, all six pathways were made available and the player was required to visit the pathways that were previously unavailable. Both reference memory and working memory errors were calculated. Crucially, at the end of the level, the player was asked a multiple-choice question about how they found the targets (i.e., a counting-dependent strategy vs. a landmark-dependent strategy). As predicted from previous laboratory studies, we found the use of landmarks declined linearly with age. Those using landmark-based strategies also performed better on reference memory than those using a counting-based strategy. These results extend previous observations in the laboratory showing a decreased use of landmark-dependent strategies with age.
Mapping the use of Google Scholar in evaluative bibliometric or scientometric studies: A bibliometric review
Authors: Pereira Fabiana Andrade , Mugnaini Rogério
Published: January 2023

Google Scholar (GS) has aroused a good deal of interest among the bibliometric and scientometric community, owing to its capacity for gathering publication data, tracking citations, and creating metrics. This has led to reflections on its potential value as a means of enhancing evaluative procedures. However, despite being a useful tool because of its wide coverage, it has been monitored by specialists. For this reason, we aimed to map out the publications in the areas of Information Science & Library Science and/or Computer Science that make use of GS through a bibliometric review. Comprising data retrieved from the WoS and Dimensions, the results drew the attention of the bibliometric and scientometric community to the range of research problems in studies using GS. They also made it possible to identify the most prolific countries and authors and their preferred sources for publication. The presence of non-Anglophone countries and those from Latin America highlights the importance of alternative information sources to bibliometric and scientometric studies.
Bayesian history of science: The case of Watson and Crick and the structure of DNA
Authors: Small Henry
Published: January 2023

A naïve Bayes approach to theory confirmation is used to compute the posterior probabilities for a series of four models of DNA considered by James Watson and Francis Crick in the early 1950s using multiple forms of evidence considered relevant at the time. Conditional probabilities for the evidence given each model are estimated from historical sources and manually assigned using a scale of five probabilities ranging from strongly consistent to strongly inconsistent. Alternative or competing theories are defined for each model based on preceding models in the series. Prior probabilities are also set based on the posterior probabilities of these earlier models. A dramatic increase in posterior probability is seen for the final double helix model compared to earlier models in the series, which is interpreted as a form of “Bayesian surprise” leading to the sense that a “discovery” was made. Implications for theory choice in the history of science are discussed.
Matter of Opinion: Assessing the Role of Individual Judicial Opinions at the International Criminal Court
Authors: Wigard Kyra
Published: January 2023

This article takes a closer look at the individual opinions of judges at the International Criminal Court (icc). The issuance of separate opinions is one of the most effective ways to investigate individual judicial behaviour, because a judge will only issue opinions if in her/his estimation the benefits outweigh the costs. The number of opinions a judge issues is an important measurement as is their timing. Building on an original dataset, the article identifies patterns by uncovering the predominant issuers, the cases and trial phases where individual opinions are most frequently issued, the dominant topics, and developments over time. Using a probabilistic topic modelling approach, this article suggests that opinions are a common way for several icc judges to engage in judicial politics about several topics with limited judicial restraint and finds that a small group of judges is most avid in using opinions as a judicial tool.
Favor Reparationis in Environmental Criminal Law
Authors: Bernasconi Costanza
Published: January 2023

The most recent guidelines of criminal policy at the European Union level pay particular attention to enhancing the forms of reparation for harm caused to interests as a result of a crime. Environmental criminal law is not immune to this trend and, on the contrary, it seems to offer a fertile ground for analysing the multiple ways in which remedial conduct may assume relevance in the various phases of the punitive process. This paper therefore aims to carry out a survey of the different models of interaction between favor reparationis and criminal liability for environmental crimes provided for under Italian law, within the framework of supranational guidelines.
Friendship, Humility, and the Complicated Morality of E. B. White’s Charlotte’s Web
Authors: Boonpromkul Phacharawan
Published: January 2023

Charlotte’s Web (1952) by E. B. White is a classic children’s book praised for the memorable friendship between its two protagonists. This article explores the problematic bond that results from Wilbur’s greater demand on Charlotte and Charlotte’s act of devotion. It also examines the moral value of humility, from the word “humble” which Charlotte weaves to praise Wilbur, which can be questionable as it is intertwined with innocence or ignorance, and better suits Charlotte who is reticent of her accomplishment. That she must pass on without recognition casts doubt on the author’s presentation of friendship and the said moral value. Looking beyond White’s fictional work, it is not surprising to discover his lack of respect for traditional morality. Even so, the article finds that White does offer certain moral guidance to his young readers, but it is far from straightforward due to his frequent employment of evasion, humor, and irony.
The Dynamics of Kha Phra Kaeo Identity in the Context of Thai-Lao History and Politics
Authors: Bangperng Kiattisak
Published: January 2023

This research reports on findings from an ethnographic study on the Kha Phra Kaeo ethnicity to uncover its formation and to analyze its dynamics and cultural negotiations in the context of Thai-Lao history and politics. The ethnonym Kha Phra Kaeo designates an ethnic group descended from the Bru, with a consistent cultural structure, language and belief system. They were first perceived as an ethnic group due to events connected to the possession of a contested Buddha image called Phra Kaeo Phaluek Mok. They are seen as more distinctly Kha Phra Kaeo than the Bru, to whom they were related. Due to state power and political changes in Laos, The Kha Phra Kaeo underwent cultural assimilation and formed a distinct cultural group based on their legends and ritual reproductions, which are related to the Buddha image, to emphasize the group’s historical significance and to negotiate a higher place for the group within the Lao social hierarchy. The Kha Phra Kaeo people have the ability to adapt to changes while constructing a distinct ethnic and cultural identity.
A new seed-feeding species of Hemicolpus Heller, 1895 from south Brazil and redescription of Hemicolpus abdominalis Hustache, 1938 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae)
Authors: SANZ-VEIGA PRISCILA A. , SAVARIS MARCOANDRE , LEIVAS FERNANDO W. T. , DA SILVA MEDEIROS ALEXANDRE , AMORIM FELIPE W.
Published: January 2023

The genus Hemicolpus Heller, 1895 (Curculionidae: Conoderinae) currently includes six species: H. cubicus (Lacordaire) (Brazil); H. heteromorphus Hustache (Brazil); H. abdominalis Hustache (Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay); H. costaricensis Hespenheide (Costa Rica); H. randiae Hespenheide (El Salvador and Mexico) and H. prenai Hespenheide (El Salvador and Mexico). The known species are predispersal seed predators whose larvae feed and develop within fruits of Rubiaceae. Species from Central America have been reared from the fruits of Randia L. (Rubiaceae). In contrast, the only host plant known for the South American species, H. abdominalis, is Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum. (Rubiaceae), a plant species widely distributed in the Cerrado biome, occurring from southeast to north and northeast of Brazil. Here, we describe a seventh species of Hemicolpus, H. maragatensis Sanz-Veiga, Savaris & Leivas, sp. nov., morphologically close to H. abdominalis, associated with fruits of Randia ferox (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC. in the south of Brazil. Furthermore, we designate a lectotype and provide a redescription of H. abdominalis, including additional characters to differentiate it from H. maragatensis. For both species, we provide morphological descriptions of external and internal characters, including male and female genitalia illustrations, distribution data, and notes on the biology and host plant. A barcode region of the mitochondrial DNA is also included for both species adding genetic information to the species characterization and differentiation. We also provide an identification key for the species of the genus.
Addressing Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice: Using Evidence-Based Decision Making and High-Leverage Practices to Meet Student Needs
Authors: Scheibel Gretchen
Published: January 2023

For the last decade, educators have been directed to use evidence-based practices in their classrooms. However, despite this direction, the use of these practices is not widespread in many classrooms. Though many resources exist to help educators locate and select these practices educators face barriers which make these practices infeasible or inappropriate for use in their classrooms. In this circumstance, educators can use evidence-based decision making to (1) address the barriers to using an evidence-based practice, (2) locate non-evidence-based practices (non-EBPs) with promising or mixed effects that meet student needs and are feasible in the classroom, (3) adapt Non-EBPs using High Leverage Practices to boost effectiveness, and (4) monitor progress closely using Data-Based Individualization to ensure the occurrence of student benefit. The use of evidence-based decision making provides a framework for educators to implement effective interventions in their classrooms.