bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demand Shortfalls or Supply-side Constraints
Authors: Chopra Deepta
Published: July 2016

This article presents a political economy explanation for the dramatic decline in performance of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), India’s largest social welfare policy, in one of its highest performing states, Rajasthan. The sharp decline from 2009 to 2010 is shown to be counter-intuitive, given the active civil society engagement right from the early stages of the Act’s making and implementation. Using information from field visits, interviews and secondary literature, I unpack the reasons for this decline, evaluating the validity of demand-side shortfalls and supply-side constraints as explanations. I demonstrate that it is primarily low capacity and low motivation of state officials that have led to the drop in MGNREGA’s performance. Further, I argue that the biggest strengths of the MGNREGA, that is, demand-based nature and provisions around transparency, have been made its most pressing shortcomings. Given the political nature of implementation of the MGNREGA, I conclude that Rajasthan needs political engagement strategies rather than merely technocratic solutions if this downturn is to be arrested.
Rethinking the notion of ‘value’ in global value chains analysis: A decolonial political economy perspective
Authors: Gradin Sofa
Published: June 2016

This article critically examines how the concept of value has been understood in Global Value Chains analysis. In particular, it is argued that the Global Value Chains literature has largely overlooked the political and contested nature of the concept by relying on conventional understandings of value borrowed from mainstream economics and Business Studies. This article reconsiders the notion of value and its role within Global Value Chains analysis using insights offered by decolonial and critical authors. It argues that value should be understood, not only as narrow pecuniary gains, but also as a broader philosophical question regarding the justice and purpose of productive activity. It proposes the new concept of ‘voice upgrade’ as a tool to appreciate the extent to which different formal and informal institutional settings in global value chains allow for democratic negotiations about value.
Music for Music’s Sake and Tech for Tech’s Sake
Authors: Dunbar Laura
Published: July 2016

Technology is constantly changing, and it can be challenging to move beyond the “bells and whistles” of a new app or piece of software to confirm worthiness for classroom use. This article explores the balance point between technology use and more traditional modalities in the music classroom.
Threshold Concepts and Culture-as-Meta-Context
Authors: Nahavandi Afsaneh
Published: July 2016

This article explores the use of threshold concepts and their application to teaching culture. While there is clear recognition of the importance of preparing students to succeed in a global and multicultural world, the way we teach students about the importance and role of culture is often disjointed, narrowly focused, and does not always address key underlying issues that could help them grasp, retain, and apply the concept. After reviewing the literature on threshold concepts, and providing a quick overview of the ways in which culture is usually taught, I propose teaching culture-as-meta-context as an alternative approach that leads students to cross a conceptual threshold that allows them to gain a previously inaccessible perspective and develop the cultural mindset that is key to managing and working across cultures, nationally and globally. I further present some guidelines and ideas for teaching students culture-as-meta-context and a cultural mindset.
The Timing of Partisan Media Effects during a Presidential Election
Authors: Smith Glen
Published: July 2016

This article examines when partisan media effects occur during presidential campaigns. I argue that partisan media are most likely to influence candidate impressions early in the election cycle, when voters have less crystallized impressions of the candidates and are less motivated to defend their party’s nominee. Using multiple methods and two large-scale surveys spanning 2008, I show that Fox News affected favorability toward Barack Obama during the first five months of the election year, but those effects largely disappeared over the last five months. The results varied by political knowledge, however, as Fox News affected low-knowledge viewers throughout the entire year, but only affected high-knowledge viewers early in the election cycle. These results provide important new evidence on how partisan media affect viewers and when those effects occur during a presidential election.
Triple Hit Lymphoma
Authors: Kallen Michael E. , Alexanian Serge , Said Jonathan , Quintero-Rivera Fabiola
Published: July 2016

Triple hit lymphomas are a subset of so-called double hit non-Hodgkin lymphomas exhibiting simultaneous gene translocations/disruption of MYC, BCL2, and BCL6; however, their overlapping morphologic features and complex genetic rearrangements can render classification and prognostication vexing. Clinically triple hit lymphomas are thought to demonstrate aggressive behavior, similar to or worse than that of double hit lymphomas. Only rare reports of long term survivors exist and raise the possibility that unidentified morphologic, immunologic, or cytogenetic differences may impart a less adverse prognosis than current literature and opinion may suggest. Here we report 3 such cases with less aggressive behavior. Cases such as these may prove useful in comparing outcomes, and underlying mechanisms of tumor progression, in aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
Expanding the armamentarium for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A review of novel agents in the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Marini Bernard L , Samanas Lisa , Perissinotti Anthony J
Published: June 2016

Treatment options for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the most common leukemia in the United States, have expanded rapidly in recent years. While traditional chemoimmunotherapy still remains a mainstay for young, fit patients, a number of novel targeted therapies have emerged that have changed the therapeutic landscape. Two innovative anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, obinutuzumab and ofatumomamab, have demonstrated activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and represent well-tolerated options in upfront management of elderly patients or in those with significant comorbidities. Agents targeting the B-cell receptor pathway, ibrutinib and idelalisib, have excellent activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, particularly in those patients with 17p deletions, in which responses to chemoimmunotherapy are traditionally dismal. Venetoclax (ABT-199), the recently FDA-approved BCL2 inhibitor, as well as several other agents and therapy combinations in the pipeline offer great promise for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, particularly in the relapsed/refractory setting. This article comprehensively reviews the data for novel agents in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, including the pharmacology of therapies, unique toxicities, and other practical management considerations for clinicians.
An update on current and emerging therapies for epithelial ovarian cancer: Focus on poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibition and antiangiogenesis
Authors: Chung Clement , Lee Rosetta
Published: June 2016

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic tumors in western countries. Newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer patients usually have good initial response to combination of platinum-based and taxane-based chemotherapy. However, most patients eventually experience relapses, and responses to subsequent therapies are generally short-lived. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival outcomes, but toxicities and logistics limit its acceptance. Dose-dense schedule of paclitaxel combined with carboplatin remains controversial, and more studies are needed to validate this approach. About 15% of epithelial ovarian cancer patients carry gene mutations in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2. The development of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors represents a novel therapeutic strategy, in which poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) inhibition leads to the formation of double-stranded DNA breaks that cannot be accurately repaired in BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutated tumors, thus leading to tumor cell death. This principle of synthetic lethality can be demonstrated by olaparib, an oral agent that inhibits the repair of single strand DNA breaks during DNA replication, causing defective homologous recombination and hence tumor cell death. Currently, many poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) inhibitors are in different phases of development. Furthermore, mechanisms of defective homologous recombination pathway may include other genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in addition to either germline or somatic BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutations, making these pathways as potential therapeutic targets. The clinical pharmacology, clinical efficacy, safety, administration issues of olaparib and current clinical development of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) inhibitors are described in this article, along with an overview on the treatment options (including intraperitoneal chemotherapy and dose-dense chemotherapy) for epithelial ovarian cancer. On the other hand, overexpression of the vascular endothelial growth factor and increased angiogenesis are associated with the development and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer. Although there are some expected toxicities associated with antiangiogenesis, combination of bevacizumab and systemic chemotherapy improves the progression-free survival and response rate compared to chemotherapy alone. The clinical efficacy of adding bevacizumab and its safety for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is also reviewed, with emerging data on antiangiogenesis therapy.
Boundary interactions of rough non-Gaussian surfaces
Authors: Leighton M , Morris N , Gore M , Rahmani R , Rahnejat H , King PD
Published: July 2016

Surface topography is important as it influences contact load-carrying capacity and operational efficiency through generated friction, as well as wear. As a result, a plethora of machining processes and surface finishing techniques have been developed. These processes yield topographies, which are often non-Gaussian, with roughness parameters that alter hierarchically according to their interaction heights. They are also subject to change through processes of rapid initial running-in wear as well as any subsequent gradual wear and embedding. The stochastic nature of the topography makes for complexity of contact mechanics of rough surfaces, which was first addressed by the pioneering work of Greenwood and Williamson, which among other issues is commemorated by this contribution. It is shown that their seminal contribution, based on idealised Gaussian topography and mean representation of asperity geometry should be extended for practical applications where surfaces are often non-Gaussian, requiring the inclusion of surface-specific data which also evolve through process of wear. The paper highlights a process dealing with practical engineering surfaces from laboratory-based testing using a sliding tribometer to accelerated fired engine testing for high performance applications of cross-hatched honed cylinder liners. Such an approach has not hitherto been reported in literature.
Neurostatus e-Scoring improves consistency of Expanded Disability Status Scale assessments: A proof of concept study
Authors: D’Souza Marcus , Yaldizli Özgür , John Roland , Vogt Deborah R , Papadopoulou Athina , Lucassen Elisabeth , Menegola Milena , Andelova Michaela , Dahlke Frank , Schnyder Franz , Kappos Ludwig
Published: July 2016

Background:

To improve the consistency of standardized Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) assessments, an electronic data capture tool and analysis tool was developed, Neurostatus e-Scoring (NESC). This tool allows real-time feedback by comparing entries with established scoring rules.

Objective:

To test whether using NESC reduces inconsistencies as compared to the paper-and-pencil version of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (pEDSS).

Methods:

In all, 100 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were assessed in random order on the same day by pairs of neurologists, one using pEDSS and one NESC. We compared inter-rater reliability and frequency of inconsistencies in Neurostatus subscores, functional system (FS) scores, ambulation and EDSS steps.

Results:

Inconsistencies of any type were more likely to occur when using pEDSS (mean odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 2.93 (1.62; 5.29)). This was also the case for FS score inconsistencies (2.54 (1.40; 4.61)) and more likely for patients in the lower EDSS range (⩽3.5 vs >3.5) (5.32 (1.19; 23.77)). Overall, inter-rater agreement for the assessed Neurostatus subscores was high (median and inter-quartile range = 0.84 (0.73, 0.81)).

Conclusion:

Our data provide class II evidence that the use of NESC increases consistency of standardized EDSS assessments, and may thus have the potential to decrease noise and increase power of MS clinical trials.
Drivers of tourism growth
Authors: Zha Jianping , Li Zhiyong
Published: July 2016

The article has constructed the nonparametric decomposition framework to measure the growth drivers of tourism economy, and analyzed the drivers with the input and output data of the tourism industry in 30 provinces of China from 2005 to 2012. The results show that the contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) was gradually overtaking that of the factor inputs in this period and became the main driver of Chinese tourism output growth, with its corresponding contribution rate jumping from 48.56% in 2006 to 76.55% in 2012. Technological progress was the key to the escalation of such contribution, while technical efficiency, scale efficiency especially, had a relatively smaller, slipping contribution to the growth and the contribution of pure technical efficiency was negligible, sliding from 51.44% in 2006 to 23.45% in 2012. The drivers for tourism economy growth differed from region to region, with the middle and western regions growing faster than the eastern region. The rise in Central China was mainly driven by scale efficiency, while that in the western region was mostly fueled by pure technical efficiency that appears to manifest in two distinct phases: drive of factor input in 2005–2008 and TFP drive in 2008–2012. The tourism economy of China became increasingly intensive from 2006 to 2012, where the contribution of TFP surpassed that of factor inputs and the growth was ever more driven by TFP.
Telemedicine coverage for post-operative ICU patients
Authors: Collins Tara Ann , Robertson Matthew P , Sicoutris Corinna P , Pisa Michael A , Holena Daniel N , Reilly Patrick M , Kohl Benjamin A
Published: July 2016

Introduction

There is an increased demand for intensive care unit (ICU) beds. We sought to determine if we could create a safe surge capacity model to increase ICU capacity by treating ICU patients in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) utilizing a collaborative model between an ICU service and a telemedicine service during peak ICU bed demand.

Methods

We evaluated patients managed by the surgical critical care service in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) compared to patients managed in the virtual intensive care unit (VICU) located within the PACU. A retrospective review of all patients seen by the surgical critical care service from January 1st 2008 to July 31st 2011 was conducted at an urban, academic, tertiary centre and level 1 trauma centre.

Results

Compared to the SICU group ( n = 6652), patients in the VICU group ( n = 1037) were slightly older (median age 60 (IQR 47–69) versus 58 (IQR 44–70) years, p = 0.002) and had lower acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores (median 10 (IQR 7–14) versus 15 (IQR 11–21), p < 0.001). The average amount of time patients spent in the VICU was 13.7 + /–9.6 hours. In the VICU group, 750 (72%) of patients were able to be transferred directly to the floor; 287 (28%) required subsequent admission to the surgical intensive care unit. All patients in the VICU group were alive upon transfer out of the PACU while mortality in the surgical intensive unit cohort was 5.5%.

Discussion

A collaborative care model between a surgical critical care service and a telemedicine ICU service may safely provide surge capacity during peak periods of ICU bed demand. The specific patient populations for which this approach is most appropriate merits further investigation.
The title “therapy” and what do you do with it as a child? Recollections of being in child expressive arts group therapy
Authors: Diamond Shira , Lev-Wiesel Rachel
Published: June 2016

The complexity of children’s entrance into mental health treatment has been the growing focus of much recent research. However, little attention has been given to the exploration of this phenomenon from the clients’ point of view. This study aimed to gain understanding of the experience of entering therapy as a child through examination of the recollections of adult former clients who had participated as children in expressive arts group therapy (EAGT). Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted with 20 adult former child therapy clients who had participated in EAGT for at least 1year. Two major themes were revealed: one concerning participants’ perceptions of the reasons for being in therapy as children and the other concerning their recollections and perception of their attitudes toward the idea of being in therapy. These two themes point to the central role of social, emotional, and cognitive developmental factors in the establishment of attitudes toward enrollment in psychotherapy, highlighting the difference between adults and children. These findings correspond with other studies in this area, adding a presentation of the experience from the client’s perspective.
Rethinking balance and impartiality in journalism? How the BBC attempted and failed to change the paradigm
Authors: Wahl-Jorgensen Karin , Berry Mike , Garcia-Blanco Iñaki , Bennett Lucy , Cable Jonathan
Published: July 2016

This article reconsiders the concepts of balance and impartiality in journalism, in the context of a quantitative content analysis of sourcing patterns in BBC news programming on radio, television and online in 2007 and 2012. Impartiality is the cornerstone of principles of public service broadcasting at the BBC and other broadcasters modelled on it. However, the article suggests that in the case of the BBC, it is principally put into practice through juxtaposing the positions of the two main political parties – Conservative and Labour. On this basis, the article develops the idea of the ‘paradigm of impartiality-as-balance.’ This paradigm prevails despite the news organisation’s commitment to representing a broader range of opinion. The paradigm of impartiality-as-balance means that only a narrow range of views and voices are heard on the most contentious and important issues. Further, it results in reporting that focuses on party-political conflict, to the detriment of a journalism which provides much-needed context.
Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Fairness on Salivary Cortisol
Authors: Johannes Paul Michael Jäschke , Primes Georg , Windhager Sonja , Fieder Martin , Wallner Bernard
Published: June 2016

Research on cooperation has contributed to a better understanding of the foundations of human social behavior. Most studies, however, have not considered fundamental social parameters such as an individual’s position in a social hierarchy. As a first step, this study investigates the modulating effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on behavior and the physiological stress response. Study participants ( n = 83) played a cooperative game with computerized coplayers of four categories: similar or higher SES in combination with either high or low fairness in behavior (i.e., willingness to cooperate). All participants showed a significant increase in saliva cortisol after the game compared to a control group. Only when paired with higher SES coplayers, however, did participants show a significant subsequent decrease in cortisol concentrations. Participants’ behavior in response to a coplayer’s decisions was only affected by the degree of fairness, but not the SES, of respective coplayers. Physiologically, playing this cooperation game was a big challenge for participants as measured by salivary cortisol. Yet, the high recovery rate when playing with cooperative, higher status individuals showed the stress-protective effects of positive social interactions in the framework of social hierarchies.
A European Republic of Sovereign States: Sovereignty, republicanism and the European Union
Authors: Bellamy Richard
Published: June 2016

This article defends state sovereignty as necessary for a form of popular sovereignty capable of realising the republican value of non-domination and argues it remains achievable and normatively warranted in an interconnected world. Many scholars, including certain republicans, contend that the external sovereignty of states can no longer be maintained or justified in such circumstances. Consequently, we must abandon the sovereignty of states and reconceive popular sovereignty on a different basis. Some argue sovereignty must be displaced upwards to a more global state, while others advocate it be vertically and horizontally dispersed to units below, across and above the state. Each group offers a related vision of the European Union to illustrate their proposals. Both these arguments are criticised as more likely to produce than reduce domination because neither can sustain a form of popular sovereignty capable of instantiating relations of non-domination. This article proposes the alternative of a republican association of sovereign states that allows sovereign states and their peoples to mutually regulate their external sovereignty in non-dominating ways. This alternative proposal provides a more plausible and defensible means for sustaining the requisite kind of popular sovereignty in contemporary conditions and a more appropriate vision of the European Union.
First-Year Retention and National Panhellenic Conference Sorority Membership
Authors: Biddix J. Patrick , Singer Kaitlin I. , Aslinger Emilie
Published: June 2016

This study examines the impact of joining a National Panhellenic Conference sorority on first-year retention. We compiled and analyzed data for first-year sorority members from 86 chapters using institutional records at sixteen 4-year colleges and universities. A total of 4,243 cases comprised the data set, which included records for 2,104 members and 2,139 nonmembers for comparison. The predictive model incorporated controls for background and institutional influences. Findings from predictive analysis showed women who joined sororities were three times more likely to return for their sophomore year. We offer recommendations for practice to strengthen the educational component of sorority membership.
Nanofiber alignment tuning: An engineering design tool in fabricating wearable power harvesting devices
Authors: Sorayani Bafqi Mohammad Sajad , Bagherzadeh Roohollah , Latifi Masoud
Published: June 2016

Piezoelectrics are one of the most important materials used for harvesting energies. Several piezoelectric nanostructures have been used to construct nanogenerators (NGs). Nanofibers made by piezo-polymers, especially polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) because of their high flexibility, biocompatibility, and low cost, have shown wonderful growth as the key materials for NGs. Despite these favorable properties, fabricated nanofibrous devices still has low efficiency and many studies have been conducted to characterize and improve the performance of the PVDF nanofibers. Here we tried to fabricate PVDF NG device based on align nanofibers to improve the NGs output, using two different methods rotary collector and applying magnetic field. Characteristics of these structures are evaluated utilizing X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Electrical response of fabricated samples is measured through utilization of an impedance analyzer at room temperature. Results demonstrate that crystalline structure increases in both methods but sample fabricated by rotary collector in magnetic field has more improvement in their outputs. This result shows that in addition to the crystalline structure, nanofibers alignment and arrangement play important roles in piezoelectric properties of sample, as well as NG efficiency. These results teach us to establish engineering design rules for wearable power harvesting devices.
Cognitive and Affective Representations of Active Surveillance as a Treatment Option for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lyons Kathleen D. , Li Hsin H. , Mader Emily M. , Stewart Telisa M. , Morley Christopher P. , Formica Margaret K. , Perrapato Scott D. , Seigne John D. , Hyams Elias S. , Irwin Brian H. , Mosher Terry , Hegel Mark T.
Published: July 2016

Benefits of early diagnosis and treatment remain debatable for men with low-risk prostate cancer. Active surveillance (AS) is an alternative to treatment. The goal of AS is to identify patients whose cancer is progressing rapidly while avoiding treatment in the majority of patients. The purpose of this study was to explore cognitive and affective representations of AS within a clinical environment that promotes AS a viable option for men with low-risk prostate cancer. Participants included patients for whom AS and active treatment were equally viable options, as well as practitioners who were involved in consultations for prostate cancer. Data were generated from semistructured interviews and audits of consultation notes and were analyzed using thematic analysis. Nineteen patients and 16 practitioners completed a semistructured interview. Patients generally viewed AS as a temporary strategy that was largely equated with inaction. There was variation in the degree to which inaction was viewed as warranted or favorable. Patient perceptions of AS were generally malleable and able to be influenced by information from trusted sources. Encouraging slow deliberation and multiple consultations may facilitate greater understanding and acceptance of AS as a viable treatment option for low-risk prostate cancer.
Systems thinking among school middle leaders
Authors: Shaked Haim , Schechter Chen
Published: July 2016

Systems thinking is a holistic approach that puts the study of wholes before that of parts. This study explores systems thinking among school middle leaders – teachers who have management responsibility for a team of teachers or for an aspect of the school’s work. Interviews were held with 93 school coordinators, among them year heads, heads of departments, evaluation coordinators, instruction coordinators, and information and communications technology coordinators. Data analysis revealed that systems thinking among school middle leaders consists of four characteristics: (1) seeing wholes; (2) using a multidimensional view; (3) influencing indirectly; and (4) assessing significance. The findings of this study expand the existing knowledge on systems thinking in school leadership, discussing practical implications as well as further research avenues.
Muscle strengthening activity associates with reduced all-cause mortality in COPD
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D , Sng Eveleen , Walker Jerome F
Published: June 2016

Objective

Emerging research suggests that aerobic-based physical activity may help to promote survival among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. However, the extent to which engagement in resistance training on survival among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is relatively unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the independent associations of muscle strengthening activities on all-cause mortality among a national sample of U.S. adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We hypothesize that muscle strengthening activities will be inversely associated with all-cause mortality.

Methods

Data from the 2003–2006 NHANES were employed, with follow-up through 2011. Aerobic-based physical activity was objectively measured via accelerometry, muscle strengthening activities engagement was assessed via self-report, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was assessed via physician-diagnosis.

Results

Analysis included 385 adults (20 + yrs) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who represent 13.3 million chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the USA. The median follow-up period was 78 months (IQR=64–90), with 82 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients dying during this period. For a two muscle strengthening activity sessions/week increase (consistent with national guidelines), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients had a 29% reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR=0.71; 95% CI: 0.51–0.99; P = 0.04).

Conclusion

Participation in muscle strengthening activities, independent of aerobic-based physical activity and other potential confounders, is associated with greater survival among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Smash-and-grab, truth and dare …
Authors: Chasi Colin , Rodny-Gumede Ylva
Published: June 2016

In this article, we daringly advance a ‘smash-and-grab’ approach as a radical epistemic grounding for communication studies. We draw inspiration from African scholarship, legitimating the ‘smashing and grabbing’ of usable and valuable insights from anywhere while viably calling for the construction and elaboration of conceptual schema that are locally relevant. In this way, we seek to reclaim the common humanity of scholars and to counter the current insularity by which communication scholarship remains steeped in archaic, patriarchal, and decidedly racialised ideas of the West and the rest.
Collective mental time travel: Creating a shared future through our shared past
Authors: Merck Clinton , Topcu Meymune N , Hirst William
Published: July 2016

We connect two areas of research: psychological research on mental time travel as a way of understanding memory and the interdisciplinary work on collective memory. For individuals, remembering the personal past and imagining the personal future are closely related. We explore whether the link can extend to the collective realm. We review two recent studies that support this hypothesis and outline questions that should be addressed by future research. We conclude by addressing the relations between memory, simulation, and group identity.
The memorial’s arc: Between Berlin’s Denkmal and New York City’s 9/11 Memorial
Authors: Young James E
Published: July 2016

Without direct reference to the Holocaust or its contemporary “counter-monuments,” Michael Arad’s design for the National 9/11 Memorial at Ground Zero is nonetheless inflected by an entire post-war generation’s formal preoccupation with loss, absence, and regeneration. This is also a preoccupation they share with post-Holocaust poets, philosophers, artists, and composers: how to articulate a void without filling it in? How to formalize irreparable loss without seeming to repair it? In this article, I imagine an arc of memorial forms over the last 70 years or so and how, in fact, post-World War I and World War II memorials have evolved along a discernible path, all with visual and conceptual echoes of their predecessors. As Maya Lin’s design for the Vietnam Veterans’ Memorial was informed by earlier World War I and even World War II memorial vernaculars, her design also broke the mold that made Holocaust counter-memorials and other negative-form memorials possible.
Memory ecologies
Authors: Hoskins Andrew
Published: July 2016

The individual and collective and also cultural domains have long constituted challenging boundaries for the study of memory. These are often clearly demarcated between approaches drawn from the human and the social sciences and also humanities, respectively. But recent work turns the enduring imagination – the world view – of these domains on its head by treating memory as serving a link between both the individual and collective past and future. Here, I employ some of the contributions from Schacter and Welker’s Special Issue of Memory Studies on ‘Memory and Connection’ to offer an ‘expanded view’ of memory that sees remembering and forgetting as the outcome of interactional trajectories of experience, both emergent and predisposed.
Head lice
Authors: Bryant Michael
Published: June 2016

Head lice ( Pediculus capitis) infestations are very common globally. Although the majority of head lice infestations are asymptomatic, they can be difficult to treat. However, the involvement of the caregiver and adequate education about treatment strategies can result in successful treatment. Pediculosis is likely to become more common over the next few years, as resistance continues to develop to chemical treatments. This article describes some of the problems associated with head lice, as well as providing an overview of the treatment strategies involved, including medical options and practical tips for parents.
Experiments on heat content inside a Rijke tube with suppression of thermo-acoustics instability
Authors: Deshmukh Nilaj N , Sharma SD
Published: June 2016

The present work describes the occurrence of thermo-acoustic instability inside a horizontal Rijke tube and its suppression using an open loop active control technique. The Rijke tube is provided with a co-axial pre-mixed gas burner as the source of heat, which could be placed at any desired position. Radial injection of air (less than 3% of the total mass flow) through micro-jets into the flame is used as a control technique to suppress the thermo-acoustic instability. The rise in heat content inside the Rijke tube, estimated from the temperature mapping, clearly shows reduction in the heat loss as a result of complete suppression of the thermo-acoustic instability. However, the stability achieved passively by means of a slight shift in the burner position does not result in any change in the heat content. There is a visible change in the appearance of the burner flame when the above two methods are used to suppress the thermo-acoustic instability. The flame is seen to significantly shrink in length and spread radially when the control technique was applied. The flame dynamics is believed to determine the heat loss and hence the heat content inside the Rijke tube.
Outbreak column 19: needleless connectors (NCs) tales from nine outbreaks
Authors: Curran Evonne
Published: July 2016

A critical review of historical outbreak reports that are still influencing practice today is presented.  These outbreak reports were used as evidence in support of guideline recommendations and of the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) advisory notice requiring post-product surveillance for needleless connectors (NC) which have a positive displacement. Guideline recommendations were subsequently changed but not before other authorities had issued recommendations based on the original.  All the above led some purchasers to look for different NC designs.  The conclusions are that the evidence, as reported, does not support there being an increased risk from positive displacement NCs. Identified in this review were unsubstantiated claims, incompleteness in reporting of specifics, opinions considered as evidence and unexplored outbreak-provoking explanations.
Medication-overuse headache: a perspective review
Authors: Westergaard Maria Lurenda , Munksgaard Signe Bruun , Bendtsen Lars , Jensen Rigmor Højland
Published: July 2016

Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a debilitating condition in which frequent and prolonged use of medication for the acute treatment of pain results in the worsening of the headache. The purpose of this paper is to review the most recent literature on MOH and discuss future avenues for research. MOH accounts for a substantial share of the global burden of disease. Prevalence is often reported as 1–2% but can be as high as 7% overall, with higher proportions among women and in those with a low socioeconomic position. Management consists of withdrawing pain medication, focusing on prophylactic and nonmedical treatments, and limiting acute symptomatic medication. Stress reduction and lifestyle interventions may support the change towards rational pain medication use. Support, follow up, and education are needed to help patients through the detoxification period. There is fertile ground for research in MOH epidemiology, pathophysiology, and neuroimaging. Randomized and long-term follow-up studies on MOH treatment protocols are needed. Further focused research could be of major importance for global health.
Implementing integrated care: A synthesis of experiences in three European countries
Authors: Nolte Ellen , Frølich Anne , Hildebrandt Helmut , Pimperl Alexander , Schulpen Guy J , Vrijhoef Hubertus JM
Published: July 2016

Many countries are experimenting with new models to better integrate care; yet, innovative care models are often implemented as time-limited, localised projects with limited impact on service delivery more broadly. This paper seeks to understand the processes behind successful projects that achieved some form of ‘routinisation’ and informed system-wide integrated care strategies. It draws on detailed case studies of three integrated care experiments: the ‘Integrated effort for people living with chronic diseases’ project in Denmark; the Gesundes Kinzigtal network in Germany; and Zio, a care group in the Maastricht region in the Netherlands. It explores how they were developed, implemented and sustained, and how they impacted the wider system context. All three models implicitly or explicitly adopted processes shown to be conducive to the dissemination of innovations, including dedicated time and resources, support and advocacy, leadership and management, stakeholder involvement, communication and networks, adaptation to local context and feedback. Each showed robust evidence of improvements on a number of service and patient outcomes and these findings were central to their wider impacts, shaping country-wide integrated care polices. However, the wider dissemination of projects occurred in an incremental and somewhat haphazard way. To further redesign health and social care a more formal strategy, alongside resources, may thus be needed to provide funders and providers with genuine incentives to invest in new business models of care. There remains a crucial need for better understanding of specific local conditions that influence implementation and sustainability to enable translation to other contexts and settings.
Phenomenological Look at the Experiences of Filipina Correspondence or Internet Brides
Authors: Demanarig Donna Lynne L. , Acosta Javieska
Published: June 2016

Studies on women’s experiences as correspondence or Internet brides that were conducted used survey instruments, interviews, and other tests created and normed on U.S. populations. This study specifically examined the experiences of Filipina women who have utilized an international dating agency or other venues to meet their husbands. It attempted to phenomenologically extract the essence of this population’s experiences as correspondence or Internet brides. Phenomenological analysis was conducted on the experiences of seven Filipina correspondence or Internet brides. Forty-four categories were determined and collapsed into eight broad themes: connection with the Filipino culture while acculturating to U.S. culture, negotiating the self, importance of family, correspondence experiences, connecting with her husband, resilience, betrayal, and the importance of one’s socioeconomic status. The women’s experiences were comparable with the previous literature, including the dichotomy with gender roles, the need to maintain harmony in their marital relationships, and maintaining a sense of independence.
Identification of factors promoting ex vivo maintenance of mouse hematopoietic stem cells by long-term single-cell quantification
Authors: Kokkaliaris Konstantinos D. , Drew Erin , Endele Max , Loeffler Dirk , Hoppe Philipp S. , Hilsenbeck Oliver , Schauberger Bernhard , Hinzen Christoph , Skylaki Stavroula , Theodorou Marina , Kieslinger Matthias , Lemischka Ihor , Moore Kateri , Schroeder Timm
Published: July 2016

Key Points

AFT024-induced HSC maintenance correlates with early survival/proliferation whereas early death is a major reason for HSC loss in culture. Dermatopontin is required for ex vivo HSC maintenance, and also improves HSC clonogenicity in stroma-based and stroma-free cultures.
The bulk of the hematopoietic stem cell population is dispensable for murine steady-state and stress hematopoiesis
Authors: Schoedel Kristina B. , Morcos Mina N. F. , Zerjatke Thomas , Roeder Ingo , Grinenko Tatyana , Voehringer David , Göthert Joachim R. , Waskow Claudia , Roers Axel , Gerbaulet Alexander
Published: June 2016

Key Points

After induced HSPC depletion, HSC numbers remain at low levels whereas progenitors show robust recovery. Despite low HSC numbers, hematopoiesis proceeds normally without increased proliferation of the few residual HSCs.
PhytoCRISP-Ex: a web-based and stand-alone application to find specific target sequences for CRISPR/CAS editing
Authors: Rastogi Achal , Murik Omer , Bowler Chris , Tirichine Leila
Published: June 2016

Background

With the emerging interest in phytoplankton research, the need to establish genetic tools for the functional characterization of genes is indispensable. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is now well recognized as an efficient and accurate reverse genetic tool for genome editing. Several computational tools have been published allowing researchers to find candidate target sequences for the engineering of the CRISPR vectors, while searching possible off-targets for the predicted candidates. These tools provide built-in genome databases of common model organisms that are used for CRISPR target prediction. Although their predictions are highly sensitive, the applicability to non-model genomes, most notably protists, makes their design inadequate. This motivated us to design a new CRISPR target finding tool, PhytoCRISP-Ex. Our software offers CRIPSR target predictions using an extended list of phytoplankton genomes and also delivers a user-friendly standalone application that can be used for any genome.

Results

The software attempts to integrate, for the first time, most available phytoplankton genomes information and provide a web-based platform for Cas9 target prediction within them with high sensitivity. By offering a standalone version, PhytoCRISP-Ex maintains an independence to be used with any organism and widens its applicability in high throughput pipelines. PhytoCRISP-Ex out pars all the existing tools by computing the availability of restriction sites over the most probable Cas9 cleavage sites, which can be ideal for mutant screens.

Conclusions

PhytoCRISP-Ex is a simple, fast and accurate web interface with 13 pre-indexed and presently updating phytoplankton genomes. The software was also designed as a UNIX-based standalone application that allows the user to search for target sequences in the genomes of a variety of other species.
Cooperative privacy game: a novel strategy for preserving privacy in data publishing
Authors: Kumari Valli , Chakravarthy Srinivasa
Published: July 2016

Achieving data privacy before publishing has been becoming an extreme concern of researchers, individuals and service providers. A novel methodology, Cooperative Privacy Game (CoPG), has been proposed to achieve data privacy in which Cooperative Game Theory is used to achieve the privacy and is named as Cooperative Privacy (CoP). The core idea ofCoPis to play the best strategy for a player to preserve his privacy by himself which in turn contributes to preserving other players privacy.CoPconsiders each tuple as a player and tuples form coalitions as described in the procedure. The main objective of theCoPis to obtain individuals (player) privacy as a goal that is rationally interested in other individuals’ (players) privacy.CoPis formally defined in terms of Nash equilibria, i.e., all the players are in their best coalition, to achievek-anonymity. The cooperative values of the each tuple are measured using the characteristic function of theCoPGto identify the coalitions. As the underlying game is convex; the algorithm is efficient and yields high quality coalition formation with respect to intensity and disperse. The efficiency of anonymization process is calculated using information loss metric. The variations of the information loss with the parameters$$\alpha$$α(weight factor of nearness) and$$\beta$$β(multiplicity) are analyzed and the obtained results are discussed.
Conceptualizing environmental governance on the GBM basin
Authors: Akter Marufa
Published: June 2016

River water sharing is an issue that is dealt by the South Asian neighboring countries for the last four decades. Water management of Ganges–Brahmaputra Meghna (GBM) basin is a controversial issue, which is not yet developed as a regional cooperative mechanism. The GBM river basin countries also represent the projection of relative power differences among its upper stream and lower stream countries. Considering the geopolitical context and hydro-politics of the region, the study examines potential scopes for effective regional governance to GBM’s ecological integrity and to share common river water among China, Bhutan, Nepal, India and Bangladesh. The study uses Rittberger et al. (2006) explanatory model (that explains three conditions—Problem, Cognitive and Hegemonic conditions) in the development of multilateral organizations in GBM region. The study deals with the question—what conditions facilitate GBM based water governance among five main riparian countries (upstream and downstream) in resolving the water scarcity challenges in the region. The paper argues that realization of shortage of water and environmental degradation as an interdependent problem, influence of an inclusive epistemic community (cognitive condition) and a hegemonic leadership (power is willing to accept the relative gain of others states for the absolute gain of itself)—are required to foster water resource governance of the GBM for sustainable development of the region.
Foundation News
Authors: Burk Katie
Published: July 2016

Since 1956, more than US$8.5 million has been awarded in scholarships to top geoscience students around the world. The global reach of the SEG Scholarship Program, reflecting SEG's membership distribution, is a primary reason why it is continuously recognized as the most prestigious scholarship program for aspiring geophysicists.
Capello: Building a wiki for all
Authors: Farley Isaac
Published: July 2016

This SEG Wiki interview, the fourth of the 2016 series, features Maria Angela Capello, a Lifetime Member awardee and former SEG vice president. She was former chair of the Global Affairs and the Women's Network Committees, and is a member of the Distinguished Lecture Committee and Wiki Committee. Capello joins Isaac Farley, SEG digital publications manager, to discuss how members can assist in growing content that reflects the diversity of SEG membership.

[Figure: see text]
State of the Net
Authors: Farley Isaac
Published: July 2016

I hope you are enjoying the new SEG website. The enhancements deployed in May included updates to seg.org , library.seg.org , and wiki.seg.org . The advances on seg.org are probably the most noticeable, but the changes recently made in the SEG Wiki are equally notable. I invite you to sit back, point your browser at wiki.seg.org , and join me for a tour of what is new.