bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Pesticides on Parkinson's Disease; A Case-Control Study
Authors: Samareh Ali , pourghadamyari Hossein , Nemtollahi Mohammad Hadi , Ebrahimi Hossain-Ali , Norouzmahani Mohammad Erfan , Asadikaram Gholamreza
Published: April 2024

Background
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disorder that arises from genetic and environmental factors. The current investigation endeavors to investigate the role of exposure to organochlorines (OCPs) and organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), recognized as the main environmental elements, in the genesis of PD.
Methods
In this case-control study, 29 PD patients and 51 healthy subjects (controls) were involved. Gas chromatography (GC) was performed to measure the serum levels of organochlorine chemicals (2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH). Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, arylesterase activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and several oxidative stress (OS) markers were assessed.
Results
The levels of OCPs in the PD patients were significantly higher than in the control subjects. In addition, AChE activity, arylesterase activity of PON-1, catalase (CAT) activity, and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) activity in PD patients were significantly less than controls. Although the levels of carbonyl protein (CP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) in PD patients were higher than the controls.
Conclusion
The findings of this investigation have indicated that OCPs and OPPs exposure could contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease. This potential linkage could either be established through the direct impact of these pesticides on the nervous system, leading to neurotoxicity, or via an indirect route through the triggering of OS.
Electrically induced redox reaction driven magnon FET
Authors: Sarker Md Shamim , Yamahara Hiroyasu , Tang Siyi , Ramaraj Sankar Ganesh , Ahamed E M K Ikball , Yao Lihao , Seki Munetoshi , Tabata Hitoshi
Published: April 2024

Spin waves (SW) stand out as one of the most promising candidates for post-complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) computing devices owing to their data transmission capability that is devoid of Joule heating and their inherent wave nature. However, realizing an electric-field-based, energy-efficient, and scalable control mechanism for both SW amplitude (corresponding to Gilbert damping) and frequency (corresponding to magnetization) remains an unaccomplished goal, which hinders their application as transistors. Through this study, we present an innovative approach centered around an electric-field-controlled dynamic redox reaction, aiming to manipulate SW amplitude and resonance frequency in a ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) within an Au/poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/Pt/YIG heterostructure. In this proposed model, the applied electric field facilitates oxidation and reduction processes within PEDOT:PSS, triggering an inversion and depletion of charge carriers within the Pt layer. This cascading effect subsequently modifies the spin-orbit interaction of Pt by displacing d-orbital energies both upward and downward. This phenomenon is proposed to affect spin pumping and spin relaxation from YIG to Pt under ferromagnetic resonance conditions, resulting in Gilbert damping and manipulation of magnetization within the YIG layer.
Identification of subtle features of communication radiation sources based on point density "painting"
Authors: Sun Yujie , Li Jingchao , Zhang Bin
Published: April 2024

In the face of the increasingly complex wireless communication environment, the traditional communication radiation source individual subtle feature recognition algorithm has the defects of poor real-time performance and low accuracy when dealing with the radiation source signal of small samples. Aiming at this problem, a subtle feature recognition method for communication radiation sources based on point density "painting" is proposed. Firstly, a signal feature extraction algorithm based on improved heat map is proposed to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of the traditional algorithm in extracting features when dealing with small sample signals. Second, based on the I/Q scatterplot, a fusion feature extraction algorithm based on the signal heatmap and scatterplot is proposed, which combines the region division strategy and the clustering fusion algorithm to extract the fusion features of the signal in an early fusion manner. Again, to address the problem of low recognition rate of fusion features, we introduce the concept of user portrait in the marketing field, and innovatively propose an algorithm for recognizing individual subtle features of communication radiation sources based on point density "portrait". Finally, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is constructed to train the extracted point density image data of different classes of complex baseband signals, and the measured WIFI data collected in the darkroom environment of the laboratory is used to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The simulation results show that the algorithm can improve the accuracy by 1–4%, with a recognition rate of 100%, and exhibits good stability compared to the feature extraction algorithm based on the fusion feature map of signal heat map, I/Q scatter plot and signal heatmap .This provides an effective and reliable solution for the accurate identification of individual subtle features of communication radiation sources with small samples in complex environments.
Intra-rectal Injections of Botulinum Toxin Can Be a Long-term Treatment of Fecal Urge Incontinence
Authors: Philippe ONANA NDONG , Karine BAUMSTARCK , Véronique VITTON
Published: April 2024

Background and aims:
Unsuccessful first-line conservative treatments for managing fecal incontinence (FI) lead to considering predominantly invasive options, posing challenges in terms of cost and patient acceptance of benefit/risk ratio. Recent data from a prospective randomized study have highlighted intrarectal botulinum toxin (BoNT/A) injection as a promising minimally invasive alternative for urge FI, demonstrating efficacy at 3 months but lacking long-term evidence. This study aimed to evaluate the sustained efficacy and injection frequency of rectal BoNT/A injection in the treatment of urge FI.
Methods:
This retrospective monocentric study enrolled all patients who underwent rectal BoNT/A injection for urge FI after failed conservative therapy or sacral nerve stimulation (SNS). Injections were administered during sigmoidoscopy, delivering 200 U of BoNT/A at 10 circumferentially distributed sites. Treatment effectiveness was assessed using the Wexner score and a visual analog scale (VAS) for symptom severity, with reinjection performed upon symptom recurrence.
Results:
41 patients (34 females) were included, with a median follow-up of 2 years. Eleven patients had previously failed sacral nerve stimulation. Significant reductions were observed in Wexner scores (median 11 vs 7, p=0.001) and VAS symptoms (median 4 [0-5] vs median 2 [0-5], p=0.001). The median interval between rectal BoNT/A injections was 9.8 months [5.3-47.9 ].
Conclusion:
This study provides the first evidence of the sustained efficacy of rectal BoNT/A injection for urge FI. Further investigations are warranted to refine patient selection and reinjection criteria, evaluate socioeconomic impacts, and compare rectal BoNT/A injection with other therapeutic modalities.
TAMs-derived exosomal Meg8 promotes the EMT and metastasis of SACC by regulating EGFR through sponge absorption of miR-148a-3p
Authors: Gao Wanpeng , Wang Jiale , Shi Mingrui , Zhao Qi , Li Huan , Wang Jun , Huang Junhong , Ren Chenghao , Wei Jianhua , Yang Zihui , Yang Xinjie
Published: April 2024

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltrate extensively in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) tissues. Our previous study found that TAMs were significantly associated with the tumor metastasis and poor patients’ prognosis. However, the role and molecular mechanism of TAMs in SACC metastasis are still to be elucidated. Present study found that TAMs-derived exosomes can be internalized by SACC cells, initiating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of SACC cells. TAMs-derived exosomal RNA sequencing and metastasis-related SACC tissues RNA sequencing suggested that Lnc-Meg8 was involved in TAMs-SACC interaction. RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization, RNA immunoprecipitation, and other in vitro assays revealed that TAMs-derived exosomes transferred Lnc-Meg8 to SACC cells, which promoted EGFR expression via sponge absorption of miR-148a-3p, thus promoting the EMT process of SACC cells. In vivo fluorescence imaging and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that inhibition of TAMs-derived exosomal Meg8 significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR inhibitor cetuximab on the EMT and metastasis of SACC cells. In summary, our results demonstrated that the TAMs-derived exosomes promoted the EMT process of SACC cells via the Lnc-Meg8/miR-148a-3p/EGFR molecular axis. Blocking exosomal Lnc-Meg8 of TAMs may be a potential therapeutic strategy for SACC.
Review, Analyse und Kausalitätsprüfung von Cannabis-based Medicine und Palmitoylethanolamid als Analgetika bei Rheumaschmerzen
Authors:   , von Bonin Eliana
Published: April 2024

Therapierefraktärer Schmerz ist ein weit verbreitetes, äußerst belastendes Leitsymptom rheumatischer Erkrankungen. Viele Betroffene weichen daher bei Versagen der Standardmedikation selbstständig auf Cannabis oder die strukturell verwandte Substanz Palmitoylethanolamid (PEA) als Add-On- oder Alternativtherapie aus, obwohl dies in Deutschland bisher nur eingeschränkt zulässig ist. Die deutsche Gesetzgebung ist diesbezüglich nicht eindeutig, weshalb Ärzt:innen in ihrer Entscheidung, Cannabis zu verschreiben, auf Leitlinien, Fallberichte und Expert:innenmeinungen zurückgreifen müssen. Dies führt zu schwierigen Einzelfallentscheidungen, da sich die derzeitige Datenlage zu Cannabis-based Medicine (CBM) bzw. PEA und Rheuma als mangelhaft darstellt und die Leitlinien dementsprechend keine klaren Empfehlungen enthalten. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die vorhandene Evidenz zusammenzufassen, zu ordnen und anhand der Hill-Kriterien den möglichen kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen der Einnahme von CBM bzw. PEA und der analgetischen Wirkung bei Rheumaschmerzen zu prüfen.
Komposita mit den relationalen Zweitgliedern "Gatte" und "Gattin" – eine korpusbasierte Studie aus genderlinguistischer Perspektive
Authors: Ochs Samira
Published: April 2024

In diesem Beitrag werden Komposita mit den relationalen Zweitgliedern Gatte und Gattin aus genderlinguistischer Perspektive untersucht, basierend auf manuell annotiertem zeitungssprachlichen Korpusmaterial. Frauen werden im analysierten Korpus ca. 12-mal häufiger in ihrer ehelichen Rolle versprachlicht als Männer. Statistische Analysen zeigen, dass sie dabei systematisch in ein possessives Verhältnis zum Ehemann gesetzt werden (Arztgattin = Gattin eines Arztes), während Ehemänner in den untersuchten Komposita tendenziell doppelt individualisiert werden (Arztgatte = Gatte, der Arzt ist). Neben den Zweitgliedern geben auch die Genera der beiden Konstituenten Aufschluss über die kodierte Bedeutungsrelation: Genusgleichheit (Kanzlergatte) führt zu einer qualifizierenden, Genusdivergenz (Kanzleringatte) zu einer possessiven Lesart. Die Analyse belegt außerdem die Existenz movierter Kompositumserstglieder – diese sind sogar die häufigste Form zur Benennung weiblicher Personen im Erstglied. Trotzdem herrscht bei der Bezugnahme auf Frauen eine größere Formenvarianz als bei Männern, welche fast ausschließlich mit maskulinen Erstgliedern versprachlicht werden. Damit zeigt die Studie, wie genderlinguistische Perspektiven auch im Bereich der Wortbildung einen neuen Analysezugang bilden.
How VLOG Promotion Content Influences Consumer Attitudes
Authors: Jiang Lu , Yukio Kodono
Published: April 2024

As Internet technology continues to advance and as various social media platforms proliferate, consumers have gained the ability to distribute video content across a multitude of online channels. A vlog (video blog) is an online video documentary format used by vloggers (video bloggers) to record their daily lives and share their experiences with various products. In recent years, Vloggers who publish vlogs on social media have gained increasing popularity. The use of vlogs to convey product information has received widespread attention, leading an increasing number of companies to consider them part of their marketing mix and actively incorporate them into their marketing strategies. However, it is still unclear which factors influence consumer attitudes while watching vlogs. Therefore, it has become a focus of attention in both academia and the business world to clarify how vlog promotion content influences consumer attitudes and to use vlog promotion to improve consumer attitudes, thereby increasing consumers’ purchase intentions and achieving brand promotion objectives. The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the factors that influence consumer attitudes towards vlog promotion content. This article is based on the ABC attitude model theory, and data collected through an online questionnaire survey of Chinese consumers were analysed to statistically verify the relationship between consumers’ purchase intentions and factors related to vlog content. The predictor variables included trust in vlog, vlogger popularity, vlogger personal appeal, understanding of vlogger advertised products, vlog content, and frequency of interaction between vlogger and fans. Path analysis revealed that two intermediate variables related to vlogger (cognition and emotion) had a positive impact, and a model was constructed to further examine their influence on consumer behaviour (dependent variable). The research findings of this study reveal that three key factors significantly influence consumer attitudes towards vlog promotion. These factors encompass the understanding of vlogger’s advertised products, vlog’s content, and the frequency of interaction between vlogger and fans. For future vlog promotions, it is recommended to augment the vlogger’s product knowledge and approachability. To create captivating vlog content, emphasis should be placed on enhancing its entertainment value, establishing personal connections with viewers, and encouraging shareability. Moreover, the vlogger should actively engage with dedicated fans, prioritize valuable fan comments, and foster harmonious relationships. Furthermore, the findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of vlog promotion for various brands and services, providing valuable insights into the content of promotional activities for different brands and services. This highlights the strategic significance of vlog promotion and its relevance in guiding promotional strategies.
Museum Discourse in the Conditions of Information Warfare: problem statement
Authors: Gavra D. P. , Arkannikova M. S.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of the position of museum discourse in the communicative system of modern Russia and, more broadly, in the national security system. In the context of geopolitical challenges and the development of political discourse in the semantics of the pervasive cancel culture in the format of applying new ethics as a symbolic act of oblivion, the national museum discourse acquires a particular significance. The “memory war”, the purpose of which is to delegitimize the previous discourse using techniques of rewriting, ignoring, neutralizing, and denying, actualizes the study of museum discourse in the context of national security strategy. Considering museum discourse as an imperative to strengthen national security, the authors identify a separate research area of socio–humanitarian sciences – “memory studies”, and introduce into the scientific categorical apparatus rather interrelated concepts of political discourse: “identity politics”, “memory politics” and “memorial politics”. The authors implement a strategy for analyzing the communicative effects of ensuring cultural sovereignty and overcoming the cancel culture, and conclude that museum discourse and the discourse of memory in the logic of cognitive and structural aspects represent mental constructs with the potential for dialogism and conversion (including the conversion of cultural capital into political capital), and determine the multilevel combinatorics of various communicative effects in the development of national identity. Hence, the authors propose to study the mutual influence of three discursive constructs: museum discourse – discourse of the state policy of memory – discourse of national identity, considered in relation to the modern political realities of Russia in the context of the implementation of the national security strategy.
Institutionalizing Social Media
Authors: Polyakov A. К. , Nigmatullina K.. R.
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on the conceptualization of social media as a social institution. The article addresses the current issues and prospects for the institutionalization of social media in the context of the contemporary media space transformation and the evolution of the digital society. The authors analyze the establishment of social media as a social institution from the perspectives of political, sociological, and media philosophical approaches. Employing a meta-analysis of current scientific literature, the authors delineate the principal issues associated with the institutionalization of social media. The authors highlight the role of the state and communication with the audience in the institutionalization of social media. The effectiveness of legal frameworks regulating government activity in the digital sphere is posited, drawing on examples of social media use within public administration across different nations. The social influence problems of intra-audience communication on social media are raised, as well as aspects of disinformation, post-truth, and the impact of narratives on collective identity. The article also explores conceptual approaches to the transformation of the digital space and the role of information technology in development of social media.
The Role of Philosophy in the System of University Social and Humanitarian Education in Current Socio-Political Conditions
Authors: Mikhel D. V. , Mikhel I. V.
Published: April 2024

The present-day Russian system of university social and humanitarian education was formed against the background of the collapse of the USSR. The ideologized system of Marxist-Leninist disciplines was replaced by a Western-oriented liberal system in which philosophy began to play the role of a translator of Western philosophical ideas and values. For more than thirty years, the liberal Russian state refused to control the activities of the professional philosophical community and the content of philosophical knowledge disseminated in universities. With the beginning of the special military operation, the situation began to change, and the state, through presidential decrees, set before the professional community the task of protecting the traditional spiritual and moral values of Russian society. This task is directly related to the task of decolonizing public consciousness and returning to the grandiose philosophical experience accumulated by Russian culture.
Uncovering the greenium: Investigating the yield spread between green and conventional bonds
Authors: Fandella Paola , Cociancich Valentina
Published: April 2024

Green bonds are an increasingly used instrument to catalyze cash flows towards a low-carbon economy. Nonetheless, the existence of an actual price advantage is still uncertain. This research paper aims to assess whether there is a green bond premium (“greenium”) for green bonds relative to conventional bonds with similar characteristics, and how liquidity may affect the determination of a price advantage. It analyzes the yield differentials between green and conventional bonds using three different methods. First, a Nelson-Siegel-Svensson method is executed, estimating the premium both as the yield spreads and as the differentials in Z-spreads. Using a matching method and creating a sample of green and synthetic conventional bonds, the second methodology consists in calculating the distances between each categories’ yield for the same duration. Finally, a fixed-effect regression is performed to better control the liquidity bias. In the first case, a positive premium emerges when analyzing the yield spreads (+37.89 basis points) and the Z-spreads (+10.62 basis points). The second method mitigates the liquidity risk by creating a sample of synthetic bonds and reveals a yield spread of –15.89 basis points. Lastly, the regression method shows a negative greenium equal to –17.1487 basis points. Thus, a greenium emerges from all the three different methods, but its nature, sign, and real determinants are still uncertain. It is, therefore, not possible to conclude a definite price advantage for issuers of green bonds.
An Epic Advancement in Targeting Macrophages for Cancer Therapy
Approach
Authors: Xiaohong Lu , Qiuxia Fu , Ruie Li , Daijie Wang , Muluh Tobias Achu , Zhang Yan
Published: April 2024

Macrophages are immune cells with high heterogeneity and plasticity, crucial for recognizing
and eliminating foreign substances, including cancer cells. However, cancer cells can evade
the immune system by producing signals that cause macrophages to switch to a pro-tumor phenotype,
promoting tumor growth and progression. Tumor-associated macrophages, which infiltrate
into tumor tissue, are important immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and can regulate cancer's
growth, invasion, and metastasis by inhibiting tumor immunity. This review article highlights
the characteristics of tumor-associated macrophages and their role in the occurrence and development
of cancer. It outlines how reprogramming macrophages towards an anti-tumor phenotype
can improve the response to cancer therapy. Explore the intricate process of engineered nanoparticles
serving as carriers for immunostimulatory molecules, activating macrophages to instigate
an anti-tumor response. Finally, it summarizes several studies demonstrating targeting
macrophages is a potential in preclinical cancer models. Several challenges must be addressed in
developing effective macrophage-targeted therapies, such as the heterogeneity of macrophage subtypes
and their plasticity. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying
macrophage function in the tumor microenvironment and identify novel targets for macrophage-directed
therapies. Targeting macrophages is a promising and innovative approach to improving cancer
therapy and patient outcomes.
Prominent Perspective on Existing Biological Hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Singh Namrata , Sharma Srishti , Ghosh Kallol K. , Gupta Bhanushree , Kuca Kamil
Published: April 2024

Biomarkers are the most significant diagnosis tools tending towards unique approaches
and solutions for the prevention and cure of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The current report provides
a clear perception of the concept of various biomarkers and their prominent features through
analysis to provide a possible solution for the inhibition of events in AD. Scientists around the
world truly believe that crucial hallmarks can serve as critical tools in the early diagnosis, cure,
and prevention, as well as the future of medicine. The awareness and understanding of such biomarkers
would provide solutions to the puzzled mechanism of this neuronal disorder. Some of the
argued biomarkers in the present article are still in an experimental phase as they need to undergo
specific clinical trials before they can be considered for treatment.
An Innovative Retrofit Design for Energy Efficiency and Emission
Reduction: MAN B&W Marine Engine Slide Fuel Injector
Authors: Li Feifei , Dang Kun , Dong Shiwen
Published: April 2024

Background::

The fuel injector is one of the most essential parts in marine diesel engines.
For MAN B&W two-stroke engines, the conventional fuel injector, due to the existence of sac volume,
can result in problems such as increased emission and fuel consumption and shortened service
life of combustion chamber components.

Objective::

The MAN B&W marine engine slide-type fuel injector is a structural retrofit of conventional
injectors, improving diesel engine combustion conditions, fuel efficiency, and emission reduction
in hydrocarbon, NOx, smoke, and particulate matter by eliminating sac volume with patented
technology.

Methods::

This study employed a comparative analysis approach to evaluate the performance of
conventional fuel injectors versus slide-type fuel injectors in MAN B&W two-stroke engines. Data
collection involved practical experiences, onboard operations, and analysis of fuel efficiency, emission
reduction, and combustion improvement. The structural differences and operational advantages
of both injector types were examined to assess the environmental benefits and economic implications
of adopting slide fuel injectors. Recommendations for the gradual replacement of conventional
injectors with slide-type injectors were based on empirical data and industry best practices.

Results::

Slide fuel injectors obtain a reduction of about 75% of the HC emissions at all loads. The
slide fuel injector significantly decreases the smoke emission level at low engine load, at 25% load.
A reduction in PM of up to 50% has been confirmed, and slide fuel injectors can reduce NOx emission
by approximately 15% on average.

result:

The smoke emission level at low engine load, at 25% load in particular, is greatly decreased by slide fuel injector.

Conclusion::

Slide fuel injectors, with a granted patent, are commonly used in marine low-speed
engines due to their advantages.
Nicotine
Authors: Krishnan Jayalakshmi
Published: April 2024

Nicotine is present in the tobacco products. Once smoked, nicotine
immediately reaches the brain and binds with nicotinic receptors causing damage to the
brain cells. The adolescent brain is especially very sensitive to products such as e-cigarettes, nicotine, and tobacco. Chronic nicotine exposure causes permanent brain
damage and cognitive decline. Interestingly there are reports on the use of nicotine and
its effects on the epigenetic changes in the brain. These kinds of changes may prepare
the brain for further abuse of various illegal drugs. As a result of chronic nicotine
exposure brain infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, brain atrophy, and dementia are
also known to occur. Neurodevelopment in children is potentially harmed due to
exposure to nicotine and nicotinic products. This is due to the inflammation,
atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress to the neuronal cells. Pregnant mothers and people
who are at risk of developing neurodegenerative disease need to be forbidden from
using nicotine. Nicotine can be dangerous when taken with alcohol as it can lead to
depression and neurocognitive decline. This chapter addresses the effects of nicotine on
the adolescent and adult brain.
La reforma agraria y su impacto en la economía de la azucarera de la Hacienda Casa Grande (1969-1975)
Authors: Guzmán Quispe Gary Fernando , Villagaray Carmen Alyson Thays
Published: April 2024

El golpe de estado liderado por el general Juan Velasco Alvarado el 3 de octubre de 1968 en Perú marcó el inicio de la ley de reforma agraria, la cual se extendió desde 1969 hasta 1980. Esta reforma implicó la expropiación de extensas tierras de grandes empresas, incluyendo la prominente Hacienda Casa Grande, una de las principales azucareras del país. Las tierras expropiadas se redistribuyeron entre campesinos y comunidades rurales con el objetivo de mejorar sus condiciones de vida y promover la igualdad en la tenencia de tierras. La reforma no solo impactó en el sector económico, sino también en la estructura organizacional de la hacienda, ya que las tierras pasaron a manos de los agricultores. En el caso de Casa Grande, la producción de azúcar experimentó un notable aumento entre 1969 y 1975, alcanzando su punto máximo junto con las exportaciones. Esto generó ingresos sustanciales para la hacienda, aunque estos resultados también estuvieron influenciados por factores como los precios favorables del azúcar en ese período.
The Reality of Extension Works in the Directorate of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Research In Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Hameed Ahmed Sajid
Published: April 2024

The study aims to identify the reality of extension works in the Directorate of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Researches in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, and the study area included all governorates of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (Germian, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Dohuk). The research community included all workers in agricultural extension, agricultural research, and agricultural directorates in all governorates, there were 215 respondents. The sample of the respondents includes (71) representing 33% of the population, taken by a simple random sampling method. The data were collected through personal interviews; questionnaire was prepared for this purpose. To confirm the validity, the questionnaire was reviewed by some experts. In general, the reality of extension work was described by the respondents (extension workers and agricultural engineers working in the Agricultural Research and Extension Directorate) as weak. Conducting training courses for agricultural extension workers regarding methods and methods of communication to work with farmers, emphasizing the importance and necessity of linking and coordinating between agricultural extension and education (universities) to graduate a qualified agricultural guide. Cooperation with other research agencies that work on producing and generating agricultural scientific information and practices approved by the Ministry of Agriculture.
Towards Effective Measures for Curbing the Illegal Wildlife Trade: A Comprehensive Approach with ARIMA Modeling and Responsible Party Evaluation
Authors: Sun Haiyang , Song Xinjun , Zhang Tianze
Published: April 2024

Illegal wildlife trade has become an urgent global problem that threatens global ecosystems, biodiversity and sustainable development. This problem requires us to propose comprehensive measures to significantly curb illegal wildlife trade.We used data from government work reports from 2014 to 2023 to establish an evaluation system for the responsible parties, and found that wildlife conservation is very important to the Chinese government using the AHP-Entropy weight method. We developed relevant measures to reduce illegal wildlife trade based on Citespace's literature research method. Then we collected public data from Chinese governmental departments from 2010 to 2023, and used ARIMA model to predict the future of the initiatives we developed to reduce illegal wildlife trade. By collecting public data from the China Wildlife Wildlife Enforcement Agency and fitting the state of wildlife conservation based on China's national conditions over the past 15 years, we evaluated the available resources and found that while the overall trend of the Chinese government can reduce illegal trade practices, the trend is not stable in the short term. China's wildlife protection agencies can continue to increase enforcement of this problem to better reduce the occurrence of illegal wildlife trade behavior.
Navigating the Dark Web of Hate: Supervised Machine Learning Paradigm and NLP for Detecting Online Hate Speeches
Authors: Nkemdilim Mbeledogu Njideka , Somtochukwu Ike-Okonkwo Mishael
Published: April 2024

Many online platform’s participants are worried about hate speeches that usually trigger cyberbully attitudes that dissuades users’ interest in their platforms. The study investigates hate speech in online platforms using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and supervised machine learning paradigm. It specifically focused on developing a robust model capable of classifying text as 'hateful' or 'non-hateful' accurately. The approaches applied included compiling a large dataset from multiple online textual sources; preprocessing the dataset through normalization, tokenization, stop-word removal, and lemmatization; advanced feature extraction techniques such as negation handling, n-gram analysis, and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) to capture the intricacies of the textual material and the model implementation phase using Logistic Regression for its efficiency in binary classification problems. The model's performance was evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score and confusion matrix. The baseline performance of the model with default hyperparameters achieved a test accuracy of 93%. When optimized with hyperparameter tuning and cross-validation procedures to guarantee more generalizable performance, the model achieved an accuracy of 95%. The study concluded that NLP and logistic regression technique can effectively identify hate speeches.
Rural tourism development in Quy river islet, Ben Tre province altogether with building new rural area
Authors: Khang Chung Le , Loi Mai Thuan , Dung Tran Tuan , Trung Nguyen Quoc
Published: April 2024

Researching and developing rural tourism in association with new rural construction has become a trending research in line with the Government's orientation, towards development companies. By fieldwork method altogether with S.W.T.O analysis, the author team managed to survey and research potential in exploiting rural tourism in Con Quy, Ben Tre province in association with the new rural construction force. Since then, provide solutions through tourism to help preserve the cultural features of traditional farmers, humanism values are reserved and passed down in villages. Besides, it helps reconstructing of economy effciently and successfully
Fraud Detection on Bank Payments
Authors: Suneetha Dr. D
Published: April 2024

Abstract: A "financial fraud" occurs when money is obtained via dishonest and illegal ways. The use of deceitful means to get financial benefits, or financial fraud, has lately grown to be a major concern for organizations and corporations. Despite several efforts to reduce it, financial fraud continues to harm both society and the economy, causing huge losses every day. Antiquity is the cradle of several techniques for detecting deceitful acts. Handiwork is the norm, despite its many drawbacks: it's time-consuming, costly, prone to mistakes, and inefficient. No research has been able to decrease fraud-related losses thus far, but there may be more on the way. Traditional approaches to identifying these fraudulent operations rely on labor-intensive, costly, and prone-to-error human verifications and inspections.
PDF Reader Chatbot
Authors: Bachhav Dr. Gayatri , Teke Durvesh , Patel Jash , Ghutukade Vaibhav , Singh Ayush
Published: April 2024

Abstract: As digital content grows, quality data management and solutions are needed. This work presents a unique application (chatbot PDF reader) designed to improve users' interaction and experience with PDF documents. Through interactive communication, the chatbot allows users to use machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) to process PDF files. Users can ask questions, get details, extract specific files, and browse PDFs through simple queries. Chatbots use cognitive and text-based technologies to provide clear and relevant responses, improve accessibility, and understand information. The PDF reader chatbot app hopes to improve accessibility and productivity for users across multiple platforms by simplifying information retrieval, understanding, and navigation. This project is designed to create a new PDF reader chatbot that uses NLP and machine learning to improve user interaction with PDFs. Information. The goal is to improve the user experience by using commands to search for files, extract them, and annotate PDFs. Our goal is to make information more accessible, to be remembered and understood faster, and to make customers more productive.
The matryoshka of urban instruments in Urban Intervention Projects in São Paulo
Authors: Gueresi Simone
Published: April 2024

The aim of this article is to analyze the arrangements for the governance and social participation in the Arco Jurubatuba Urban Intervention Project (UIP), an urban instrument provided for in the 2014 São Paulo (SP) Master Plan, and its impacts on low-income territories. The article presents a case study of two Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS) located within the area of the project, in the south zone of the city. Two questions guided the investigation: (i) To what extent did the communities participate in the discussions regarding the proposal? and (ii) What were the governance arrangements that resulted from the proposal, considering the overlap of instruments within the UIP. It is highlighted that the institutional arrangements and the instruments selected for formulating and implementing the UIP increased the complexity of the project, the fragmentation of the process and the superficiality of the procedures for participating and legitimizing the intervention. Choices made during the UIP design and its “matryoshka” of instruments made it difficult for people to identify when and where crucial decisions were made regarding the intervention that affected low-income territories, thereby impairing social participation and postponing (even preventing) any resistance.
Sexual Abuse of Street Children in Pakistan: Legal Protection Under International and National Law
Authors: Ullah Nazir , Aziz Saidatul , Awal Noor
Published: April 2024

This study covers the social and legal dimensions of sexual abuse encountered by street children in Pakistan. It aims to elucidate the underlying reasons and contributory factors to child sexual abuse within the nation. This study employed qualitative methods, which involved analyzing data from primary sources such as acts of parliament and relevant journal articles. It highlights the exploitation of street children through prostitution, pornography, trafficking, and sex tourism. Therefore, it explored various manifestations of child sexual abuse both within street settings and beyond, alongside their foundational causes in Pakistani society. The study addresses the issue of sexual abuse among street children from two perspectives. Initially, it examines the different forms, prevalence, causes, and consequences of such abuse. Subsequently, it assesses the efficacy of both international and national laws and policies designed to counteract child sexual abuse. Despite the existence of legal frameworks in Pakistan aimed at addressing this issue, they are critiqued for being inadequate and inconsistent. The paper advocates for the introduction of more stringent legislation and enhanced trial transparency as measures to curb the incidence of child sexual abuse effectively. Updating and reinforcing existing legal provisions could significantly reduce the prevalence of such abuse in society.
Decoding the Special Purpose Acquisition Companies: A New Frontier in Tech Start-Up Financing
Authors: Tan David , Disemadi Hari , Sudirman Lu
Published: April 2024

The emergence of SPAC has democratized participation in the burgeoning equity market. Capital raised during a SPAC's Initial Public Offering (IPO) is typically held in escrow identifies a suitable acquisition or merger target. This study explores the concept of SPACs, their operational mechanisms, their appeal to tech startups, and their presence in Asia, with a specific focus on the Indonesian jurisdiction. The study also aims to identify the potential risks SPACs may pose to the equity market to inform more effective regulation. Employing normative legal research and prioritizing secondary data, the findings of this paper indicate that SPACs have evolved from a niche option to a significant facilitator for private enterprises seeking to enter public markets through an IPO. The study further reveals that, despite the risks associated with SPACs and their current unpreparedness for IPOs in Indonesia, lessons from foreign experiences could guide the development and implementation of domestic regulations. While SPACs have demonstrated their value and promise to become a significant market force, calls for swift regulatory action should balance the benefits of SPACs against the need for thoughtful regulation, presenting an opportunity to reconsider existing IPO regulations.
On recovery of the solution to the Cauchy problem for the singular heat equation
Authors: Sitnik S. M. , Polovinkina M. V. , Polovinkin I. P.
Published: April 2024

We present the results related to the solution of the problem of the best recovery of the solution to the Cauchy problem for the heat equation with the B-elliptic Laplace-Bessel operator in spatial variables from an exactly or approximately known finite set of temperature profiles.
Deconstructing the Privileged Status of Religion over the Status of Belief as the Root of Discrimination towards Kejawen Community
Authors: Wasisto Muhammad Adiz
Published: April 2024

The Kejawen community, recognized as a belief system rather than a formal religion, faces systemic discrimination in Indonesia. This distinction underpins the country's recognition of its political and legal status, thereby impeding the rights of Indigenous practitioners, including Kejawen followers. Several factors contribute to this systemic discrimination: the Western conception of religion, the dichotomy between religion and belief enshrined in Article 29 of the 1945 Indonesian Constitution, the narrow definition of religion by the Indonesian Department of Religion, the association of indigenous beliefs with communism post-1965, and the application of blasphemy laws aimed at "purifying" religion while sidelining belief systems. This study aims to explore the discriminative dynamics against Kejawen within the binary framework of religion versus belief through qualitative research and critical discourse analysis. It seeks to uncover the ambiguity surrounding the concept of religion in Indonesia, drawing on a wide range of sources, including historical narratives, academic studies, relevant legislation, and judicial rulings. This research indicates a significant bias rooted in the differentiation between "religion" and "belief," primarily originating from Western perspectives on religion. This bias has led to the marginalization of Kejawen and other similar spiritual practices, which are often viewed as lesser compared to world religions.
The creative economy in the hand of local government: Fragmentation, overlapping meaning, and the absence of intermediary group
Authors: Saptawan Ardiyan , Ermanovida Ermanovida , Putri Aulia Utami , Santoso Anang Dwi
Published: April 2024

The creative economy does not only attract the attention of practitioners for regional economic development but also academics to contribute knowledge in identifying the success or failure of the creative economy (Boǧa & Topcu, 2020). It may produce unique and different findings. This research tried to identify problems in developing a creative economy at the local government level. It is to identify factors that make the creative economy less developed. Informants from local government representatives and entrepreneurs were interviewed to obtain an overview of the creative economy in Ogan Ilir Regency. The findings show three main factors inhibiting the creative economy, namely the fragmentation of creative economy management, the overlapping meaning of the creative economy, and the last is absence of an intermediary group, the creative group. These findings practically contributed knowledge about the constraints of the creative economy that must be immediately resolved by local governments and contribute to the literature on a set of creative economic development.
Preventing breastmilk HIV transmission using broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies: one size does not fit all
Authors: Perre Philippe Van de , Scarlatti Gabriella , L Penny Moore , Molès Jean-Pierre , Nagot Nicolas , Tylleskär Thorkild , Gray Glenda , Goga Ameena
Published: April 2024

The prospect of preventing HIV infection with broadly neutralising
monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) has generated unprecedented enthusiasm in
the scientific community and hope among people living with HIV around
the world. HIV bNAbs could be a game changer in the prevention of HIV
acquisition. Some of these bNAbs are being tested in early phase
clinical trials, and the debate is now about the priorities for
strategic large-scale efficacy trials. The prevailing view is that only
a fixed combination of at least three bNAbs could prevent HIV,
regardless of target populations or routes of transmission. We propose
an alternative strategy consisting of evaluating the tolerability and
efficacy of one or two bNAbs cocktails tailored to different target
populations and indications. The rationale for this alternative strategy
is based on ethical, pathophysiological and practical facts and is
illustrated by the possibility of preventing HIV transmission through
breastfeeding in high incidence/prevalence areas such as southern
Africa. There is a prospect of eliminating paediatric HIV acquisition
through breastfeeding by using single/dual long-acting bNAb regimens.
Associations of dietary cholesterol consumption with incident diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the role of genetic variability in cholesterol absorption and disease predisposition
Authors: Shi Shuxiao , Dong Ying , Wang Sujing , Du Xihao , Feng Nannan , Xu Lan , W. Zhong Victor
Published: April 2024

Objective

Whether genetic susceptibility to disease and dietary cholesterol (DC) absorption contribute to inconsistent associations of DC consumption with diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear.

Research Design and Methods

DC consumption was assessed by repeated 24-hour dietary recalls in the UK Biobank. A polygenetic risk score (PRS) for DC absorption was constructed using genetic variants in the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 and ATP Binding Cassettes G5 and G8 genes. PRSs for diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke were also created. The associations of DC consumption with incident diabetes (n=96,826) and CVD (n=94,536) in the overall sample and by PRS subgroups were evaluated using adjusted Cox models.

Results

Each additional 300 mg/day of DC consumption was associated with incident diabetes (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.07-1.27]) and CVD (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.03-1.17]), but further adjusting for body mass index (BMI) nullified these associations (HR for diabetes, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.90-1.09]; HR for CVD, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.98-1.12]). Genetic susceptibility to the diseases did not modify these associations (P for interaction≥0.06). The DC-CVD association appeared to be stronger in people with greater genetic susceptibility to cholesterol absorption assessed by the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-related PRS (P for interaction=0.04), but the stratum-level association estimates were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

DC consumption was not associated with incident diabetes and CVD, after adjusting for BMI, in the overall sample and in subgroups stratified by genetic predisposition to cholesterol absorption and the diseases. Nevertheless, whether genetic predisposition to cholesterol absorption modifies the DC-CVD association requires further investigation.