bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Landscape of Rearing Lepidoptera Order in Laboratory: Applications and Perspectives
Authors: Numa‐Vergel Stephanie , Pinzón‐Rangel Diana , Uribe‐Gutiérrez Liz Alejandra , Santos‐Díaz Adriana
Published: December 2024

This systematic literature review investigates the body of research on rearing conditions of Lepidoptera insects in laboratory settings. A bibliometric analysis conducted on 368 documents extracted from the Scopus database reveals a historical overview spanning from 1836 to 2023, highlighting significant trends in publication rates and citation counts. Despite a consistent rise in yearly publication rates, citation frequencies have notably declined over time. The analysis further explores geographic trends, with authors from forty‐nine countries contributing to the research landscape. Brazil emerges as the leading contributor, followed by the United States and China. Additionally, the study identifies 159 different journals publishing articles on the subject, with the Journal of Economic Entomology leading in publication frequency. The most cited article focuses on the transgenic enhancement of rice plants against lepidopteran pests. Further examination, with an emphasis on factors influencing rearing conditions and behavioural studies, categorises research topics into areas such as basic biology, biological control and ethological control. Clustering analysis reveals distinct research foci, including the study of larval physiology, host–parasite interactions and the genetic basis of biological control strategies such as Bacillus thuringiensis and transgenic plants. Studies focusing on the most common species of Lepidoptera, Spodoptera frugiperda, are also identified. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the research trends and thematic areas in the field of the rearing of Lepidoptera under laboratory conditions and can be a source of information for researchers interested in this field. This review is limited to the information deposited in Scopus, the number of research studies focused on lepidopteran rearing in laboratories and the low interaction of researchers between countries. In the present work, the lack of information related to the integration of insect‐based by‐products and the management of insect rearing residues was evidenced, as well as the lack of information on the economic and environmental impacts of the use of insects as a protein source to improve their role in animal and human food systems.
Vector Biology of the Soft Scales Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) and Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) With Grapevine Leafroll‐Associated Viruses and Grapevine Virus A
Authors: Hommay Gérard , Alliaume Antoine , Beuve Monique , Hily Jean‐Michel , Herrbach Etienne
Published: December 2024

Controlled experiments were conducted to enrich our knowledge on the transmission of different grapevine leafroll‐associated ampeloviruses (GLRaV‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and ‐4) by Parthenolecanium corni scale insect and to look for vector ability of Parthenolecanium persicae. GLRaV‐1 and the vitivirus GVA were transmitted by P. corni to healthy plants after acquisition on GLRaV‐1 and GVA‐infected grapevines (Vitis vinifera); however, GVA was not transmitted after acquisition either on GVA singly infected vines or Nicotiana benthamiana, or on purified GVA virions. These results support the hypothesis of ampelovirus assistance towards vitivirus during transmission. Transmission experiments with P. corni and different GLRaV‐4 strains showed a single transmission of strain 5. No transmission was observed with P. persicae after acquisition on GLRaV‐1, ‐3 and GVA coinfected source vines. P. corni L2 collected from an infected vine and placed on a nonhost plant tested positive for GLRaV‐1 and ‐3 until at least 30 and 50 days, respectively. These results contrast with the few days retention times generally reported in mealybugs. More work is needed to determine whether virions are conserved and, if so, their location inside the insects.
An Insight Into the Role of Humidity and Temperature on Phenolic Retention, Powder Flow, Glass Transition, and Crystalline Changes During Non‐centrifugal Sugar Drying
Authors: Venkatesh T. , Sajeev M. S. , Venugopal V. V. , Kothakota Anjineyulu
Published: December 2024

Non‐centrifugal sugars (NCS), traditionally obtained through open pan evaporation of cane juice, typically possess a moisture content ranging from 7% to 10% (wet basis). This study introduces a dehumidified drying technique aimed at significantly reducing moisture content, enhancing flow properties, minimizing antioxidant losses, increasing the glass transition temperature, and improving both the crystallinity and surface morphology of NCS. Two drying methods were evaluated: a solar dryer, with no control over temperature and humidity, and a refrigerated adsorption dehumidified dryer (RADD) with precise control of both parameters. The RADD achieved a substantial reduction in moisture content to 4.05% ± 0.2%, leading to markedly improved flow properties and a higher retention of phenolic content (82% ± 3.05%) compared to the solar dryer (71% ± 3.83%). Additionally, the RADD resulted in enhanced crystallinity, with a percentage of 83.5%, exceeding the 70%–75% range observed in solar‐dried samples. Surface morphological analysis revealed that RADD‐dried samples exhibited a uniform crystalline structure, whereas solar‐dried samples displayed lumps and irregular particle shapes due to retained moisture. These findings highlight the practical implications of adopting dehumidified drying techniques for improving the quality of NCS. Future research should focus on exploring the scalability and energy efficiency of these techniques for industrial applications.
Dynamic Competition in Negotiated Price Markets
Authors: ALLEN JASON , LI SHAOTENG
Published: December 2024

Using contract‐level data for the Canadian mortgage market, this paper provides evidence of an “invest‐and‐harvest” pricing pattern. We build a dynamic model of price negotiation with search and switching frictions to capture key market features. We estimate the model and use it to investigate the effects of market frictions and the resulting dynamic competition on borrowers' and banks' payoffs. We show that dynamic pricing and the presence of search and switching costs have important implications for public policies.
Do Female State Officials Improve Corporate Social Responsibility in their Jurisdictions? A Disadvantage‐Prohibiting Perspective
Authors: Chu Jian , Tang Yi , Wan Guoguang
Published: December 2024

While prior studies on how state officials affect firm behaviour focus on an advantage‐promoting perspective, we propose a disadvantage‐prohibiting perspective to examine the effects of female state officials on corporate social responsibility (CSR). We propose that the disadvantage resulting from a female municipal official's gender role may incentivize her to mobilize a firm's CSR to counteract such a disadvantage, leading to higher levels of CSR activities of firms in her jurisdiction. Our approach contributes to a new perspective on how political officials affect CSR. Results of our analysis of a sample of Chinese publicly listed firms between 2009 and 2019 support our predictions. The relationship is stronger in provinces that are more accepting of traditional gender roles and for first‐term leaders. A supplementary study using a global sample shows the generalizability of our findings: firms in countries with female leaders have higher levels of CSR compared with firms in countries with male leaders.
Widespread distribution of chlorophyll f‐producing Leptodesmis cyanobacteria
Authors: Shen Li‐Qin , Zhang Zhong‐Chun , Zhang Lu‐Dan , Huang Da , Yu Gongliang , Chen Min , Li Renhui , Qiu Bao‐Sheng
Published: December 2024

Chlorophyll (Chl) f was reported as the fifth Chl in oxygenic photoautotrophs. Chlorophyll f production expanded the utilization of photosynthetically active radiation into the far‐red light (FR) region in some cyanobacterial genera. In this study, 11 filamentous cyanobacterial strains were isolated from FR‐enriched habitats, including hydrophyte, moss, shady stone, shallow ditch, and microbial mat across Central and Southern China. Polyphasic analysis classified them into the same genus of Leptodesmis and further recognized them as four new species, including Leptodesmis atroviridis sp. nov., Leptodesmis fuscus sp. nov., Leptodesmis olivacea sp. nov., and Leptodesmis undulata sp. nov. These cyanobacteria had absorption peaks beyond 700 nm due to Chl f production and red‐shifted phycobiliprotein complexes under FR conditions. All but L. undulata produced phycoerythrin and showed varying degrees of a reddish‐brown to dark green color under white light conditions. However, the phycoerythrin contents were sharply decreased under FR conditions, and these three Leptodesmis species appeared green. In summary, the Leptodesmis genus contains diverse species with the capacity to synthesize Chl f and is likely a ubiquitous group of Chl f‐producing cyanobacteria.
Misuse of the Lower Limit of Detection in HBV DNA Testing and Anti‐HBe Positive Status Will Significantly Impact the Diagnosis of Occult HBV Infection
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Xinru , Xiao Li , Xian Jianchun
Published: December 2024

The diagnosis of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is influenced by factors such as the lower limit of detection (LOD) of the HBV DNA test. However, in clinical practice and scientific research, the lower limit of quantification (LOQ) is often misused as the LOD. This study aims to investigate the impact of misuse of the LOD of the HBV DNA test on the detection rate of OBI, as well as the risk factors for OBI. Four hundred twelve patients who were HBsAg‐negative and had undergone high‐sensitivity HBV DNA testing were included in this study. HBV DNA was detected using the Cobas 6800 System with an LOD of 2.4 IU/mL and an LOQ of 10 IU/mL. The effect of using the LOQ as the LOD on the detection rate of OBI was compared, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors for OBI. (1) Of the 412 patients, 63.3% (n = 261) were male, with a median age of 47 (range 34–55) years. A total of 473 HBV DNA test results were obtained, with 366 individuals undergoing only one HBV DNA test and the remaining 46 patients undergoing 2 to 5 HBV DNA tests (resulting in a total of 107 test results). (2) Considering only the first HBV DNA test result, the detection rate of OBI was 4.1% (17/412). However, when the LOQ (10 IU/mL) was used as the LOD, the detection rate of OBI was only 1.5% (6/412) (p < 0.001). (3) Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in age, anti‐HBe positivity rate and anti‐HBc positivity rate between OBI and non‐OBI individuals (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that anti‐HBe positivity was an independent risk factor for OBI in this study (odds ratio [OR] = 3.807, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.065–13.617, p = 0.040), while anti‐HBs positivity was a protective factor against OBI (OR = 0.271, 95% CI: 0.093–0.787, p = 0.016). (4) Among the 46 patients who underwent repeated testing, a total of seven individuals were found to be HBV DNA‐positive in the first test, and six individuals tested positive for HBV DNA one or more times in subsequent tests. When OBI was confirmed by ≥ 1 out of 1–5 tests with detectable HBV DNA, the detection rate of OBI in this study could increase from 4.1% to 5.6%. The detection rate of OBI among HBsAg‐negative adult patients attending hepatology departments in this region is 4.1%. Misusing the LOQ as LOD can significantly decrease the detection rate of OBI. The presence of anti‐HBe positivity and undergoing multiple HBV DNA tests can lead to a significant increase in the detection rate of OBI.
External Effect of Entry
Authors: Ziss Steffen
Published: December 2024

This paper provides an analysis of the external effect of entry for both differentiated and homogenous products which takes account of the integer constraint, allows for cost‐based or quality‐based differences in firm size and for variation in firm conduct. The analysis shows that the external effect of entry is positive if the entrant is sufficiently large compared to the average incumbent, but not necessarily larger than the average incumbent, market conduct is competitive, there are few incumbents, marginal cost is steep relative to demand or products are sufficiently differentiated. These results contribute to the literature by expanding the set of market settings for which the external effect of entry is positive and thus for which profitable entry raises welfare.
Assessment of Women's Discretionary Salt Intake and Household Salt Utilization in Preparation for a Salt Fortification Trial in Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Agbemafle Isaac , Woldeyohannes Meseret , Tessema Masresha , Fereja Mengistu , Arnold Charles D. , Banjaw Biniyam T. , Hussen Alemayhu , Kebebe Tadesse , Goh Yvonne E. , Arabi Mandana , Martinez Homero , McDonald Christine M. , Brown Kenneth H.
Published: December 2024

There is a high incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Ethiopia and folate insufficiency, a primary risk factor for NTDs, is common among Ethiopian women of reproductive age (WRA). Folic acid fortification of salt has been proposed as a strategy to control these problems. In preparation for an intervention trial to assess the nutritional effects of folic acid‐fortified salt, we measured discretionary salt intakes among nonpregnant WRA using observed weighed food records, and we assessed household salt disappearance rates. We estimated the distribution of usual discretionary salt intake by adjusting for intra‐individual variability using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method, and we simulated the potential effects of two levels of folic acid fortification (30 and 90 ppm folic acid) on folic acid intakes. Mean ± SD of usual discretionary salt intake was 6.8 ± 1.9 g/day. At the 95th percentile of usual discretionary salt intake, the higher fortification level would provide 918 µg folic acid/day, which is less than the tolerable upper intake level of 1000 µg/day. At the 5th percentile of usual discretionary salt intake, the lower fortification level would provide 124 µg folic acid/day, which should produce a statistically significant increase in red blood cell folate concentration. Estimated household salt utilization was 8.8 ± 6.1 g/person/day. These findings inform plans for a randomized, dose–response intervention trial of folic acid‐fortified salt and a possible future national program to mandate folic acid fortification of refined, edible salt in Ethiopia.
Microbiota Composition Associates With Mosquito Productivity Outcomes in Belowground Larval Habitats
Authors: Zhao Serena Y. , Sommer Andrew J. , Bartlett Dan , Harbison Justin E. , Irwin Patrick , Coon Kerri L.
Published: December 2024

Vector mosquitoes are well‐adapted to habitats in urban areas, including belowground infrastructure such as stormwater systems. As a major source of larval habitat in population centers, control of larval populations in stormwater catch basins is an important tool for control of vector‐borne disease. Larval development and adult phenotypes driving vectorial capacity in mosquitoes are modulated by the larval gut microbiota, which is recruited from the aquatic environment in which larvae develop. Laboratory studies have quantified microbe‐mediated impacts on individual mosquito phenotypes, but more work is needed to characterise how microbiota variation shapes population‐level outcomes. Here, we evaluated the relationship between habitat microbiota variation and mosquito population dynamics by simultaneously characterising microbiota diversity, water quality, and mosquito productivity in a network of stormwater catch basins in the Chicago metropolitan area. High throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from water samples collected from 60 basins over an entire mosquito breeding season detected highly diverse bacterial communities that varied with measures of water quality and over time. In situ measurements of mosquito abundance in the same basins further varied by microbiota composition and the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Altogether, these results illustrate the importance of habitat microbiota in shaping ecological processes that affect mosquito populations. They also lay the foundation for future studies to characterise the mechanisms by which specific bacterial taxa impact individual and population‐level phenotypes related to mosquito vectorial capacity.
“It's your curse”: Perspectives on Philippine human remains in US museums
Authors: de la Cruz Deirdre , Punzalan Ricardo L. , Rhead Kristi
Published: December 2024

This article examines the ethical, cultural, and legal challenges surrounding the collection and repatriation of Philippine human remains housed in US museums, with a particular focus on the University of Michigan's Museum of Anthropological Archaeology (UMMAA). Using a participatory focus group methodology, the research engages diverse stakeholders, including individuals of Filipino and Indigenous descent, community organizers, cultural and curatorial experts, and legal professionals, highlighting multifaceted perspectives on human remains from the Philippines. In examining materialist, cultural, spiritual, and legal angles, and ultimately underscoring the moral burden of holding such remains, the article advocates for reparative approaches toward improved curation, creation of culturally appropriate rituals, and meaningful engagement with both Philippine‐based and diasporic communities. These findings also contribute to broader discussions on reparative justice and decolonial methodologies in museum contexts by offering a nuanced perspective on the repatriation debate and proposing actionable steps even when immediate repatriation is not feasible.
Genome‐Wide DNA Methylation Identifies Potential Disease‐Specific Biomarkers and Pathophysiologic Mechanisms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Celiac Disease
Authors: Mahurkar‐Joshi Swapna , Thompson Mike , Villarruel Elizza , Lewis James D. , Lin Lisa D. , Farid Mary , Nayeb‐Hashemi Hamed , Storage Tina , Weiss Guy A. , Limketkai Berkeley N. , Sauk Jenny S. , Mayer Emeran A. , Chang Lin
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and celiac disease (CeD) present with similar gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. DNA methylation‐based biomarkers have not been investigated as diagnostic biomarkers to classify these disorders. We aimed to study DNA methylation profiles of IBS, IBD, CeD, and healthy controls (HC), develop machine learning‐based classifiers, and identify associated gene ontology (GO) terms.

Methods

Genome‐wide DNA methylation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 315 patients with IBS, IBD, CeD, and HC was measured using Illumina's 450K or EPIC arrays. A methylation dataset on 304 IBD and HC samples was used for external validation. Differential methylation was measured using general linear models. Classifiers were developed using penalized generalized linear models using double cross‐validation controlling for confounders. Functional enrichment was assessed using GO.

Results

Three hundred and fifteen participants (148 IBS, 47 IBD, 34 CeD, and 86 HC) had DNA methylation data. IBS‐IBD and IBD‐CeD showed the highest number of differentially methylated CpG sites followed by IBD‐HC, CeD‐HC, and IBS‐HC. IBS‐associated genes were enriched in cell adhesion and neuronal pathways, while IBD‐ and CeD‐associated markers were enriched in inflammation and MHC class II pathways, respectively (p < 0.05). Classification performances assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for IBS‐IBD, IBS‐CeD, and IBD‐CeD were 0.80 (95% CI = 0.7–0.87, p = 6.75E‐10), 0.78 (95% CI = 0.68–0.86, p = 4.57E‐10), and 0.73 (95% CI = 0.62–0.83, p = 0.03), respectively. The performance of IBD‐HC was successfully validated using external data (AUC = 0.74 [95% CI = 68–0.80, p < 0.001]).

Conclusions

Blood‐based DNA methylation biomarkers can potentially distinguish chronic GI disorders that present with similar symptoms. GO suggested functional significance of the classifiers in disease‐specific pathology.
A Software Framework for the Functional Lumen Imaging Probe—Mechanics (MechView)
Authors: Halder Sourav , Kou Wenjun , Goudie Eric , Kahrilas Peter J. , Patankar Neelesh A. , Carlson Dustin A. , Pandolfino John E.
Published: December 2024

Background

The functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) has proven to be a versatile device for diagnosing esophageal motility disorders and estimating esophageal wall compliance, but there is a lack of viable software for quantitative assessment of FLIP measurements.

Methods

A Python‐based web framework was developed for a unified assessment of FLIP measurements including clinical metrics such as esophagogastric junction (EGJ) distensibility index (DI), maximum EGJ opening diameter, mechanics‐based metrics for estimating strength, and effectiveness of contractions, such as contraction power and displaced volume, and machine learning‐based clustering and predictive algorithms such as the virtual disease landscape (VDL) and EGJ obstruction probability. The clinical and VDL probability metrics were then validated using FLIP data from 121 subjects constituting different categories of EGJ opening which were diagnosed by expert clinicians.

Results

The clinical metrics estimated by the framework matched the manual diagnosis of the clinicians. Misclassifications were minimal and were mostly between neighboring groups, that is, normal and borderline normal or borderline normal and borderline reduced EGJ opening. Similar results were also obtained for the VDL probability metrics. The misclassifications were further analyzed by clinicians and approved.

Conclusion

The FLIP web framework was developed and validated to reliably estimate various clinical, mechanical, and machine learning‐based metrics for diagnosing esophageal motility disorders.
CsIREH1 phosphorylation regulates DELLA protein affecting plant height in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: Zhao Hongjiao , Sun Piaoyun , Tong Can , Li Xiangbao , Yang Tongwen , Jiang Yanxin , Zhao Bosi , Dong Junyang , Jiang Biao , Shen Junjun , Li Zheng
Published: December 2024

Plant height is a critical agronomic trait that affects crop yield, plant architecture, and environmental adaptability. Gibberellins (GAs) regulate plant height, with DELLA proteins acting as key repressors in the GA signaling pathway by inhibiting GA‐induced growth. While DELLA phosphorylation is essential for regulating plant height, the precise mechanisms underlying this process remain incompletely understood.

In this study, we identified a cucumber mutant with delayed growth, which exhibited reduced sensitivity to GA treatment. Through bulked segregant analysis (BSA‐seq) combined with molecular marker linkage analysis, we successfully identified and cloned the gene responsible for the dwarf phenotype, CsIREH1 (INCOMPLETE ROOT HAIR ELONGATION 1), which encodes an AGC protein kinase.

Further research revealed that CsIREH1 interacts with and phosphorylates DELLA proteins, specifically targeting CsGAIP and CsGAI2. We propose that IREH1‐dependent phosphorylation of DELLA proteins prevents their excessive accumulation, thereby maintaining normal plant growth.

Therefore, investigating the role of IREH1‐mediated DELLA phosphorylation provides valuable insights and theoretical foundations for understanding how plants regulate growth mechanisms.
Temperature governs the relative contributions of cuticle and stomata to leaf minimum conductance
Authors: Garen Josef C. , Michaletz Sean T.
Published: December 2024

During periods of stomatal closure, such as drought, plant leaves continue to lose water at a rate determined by the minimum leaf conductance, gmin. Although gmin varies with temperature, less is known about what drives this variation, including how the pathways of water loss (cuticle or stomata) vary with temperature.

We used gas exchange and bench drying methods to measure gmin and cuticular conductance, gcw, across a wide temperature range (20–50°C) in 11 broadleaf species. Vapour pressure deficit (VPD) covaried with temperature from 0.83 to 10.7 kPa.

The dominant pathway of water loss for gmin shifted from stomatal transpiration towards cuticular transpiration as temperature increased. Leaf traits had variable, temperature‐dependent relationships with gmin and gcw, with trait–conductance relationships being generally stronger at higher temperatures. Cuticular thickness varied inversely with high‐temperature gcw. Simulation results showed that gcw may impact photosynthetic capacity estimates, particularly in species with low stomatal conductance.

The pathways of water loss in leaves during times of stomatal closure depend strongly on temperature. This effect may have large implications for landscape‐scale water balance modelling and improving gas exchange measurements. We propose variation in VPD as a potential contributing factor in gmin and gcw variation among studies.
Managers in the Era of Digital Transformation: Navigating the Dual Realities of Time
Authors: Focacci Chiara N. , Pichault François , Rondeaux Giseline
Published: December 2024

In a professional world that demands instantaneity and immediate availability, digitalisation affects not only the way we work, but also the way we think about work. In this article, we explore how the introduction of new technologies in Belgian companies specialised in different sectors impacts managers as regards their concept of time. We do so by analysing in‐depth interviews and providing qualitative evidence of managerial perspectives. In particular, we investigate the extent to which digital tools generate changes in time in relationship to work. We find that, on the one hand, digitalisation i) decreases time available due to the rising levels of work pace, workload, and people management. On the other hand, digitalization ii) increases time available due to major managerial tasks being substituted by the technology itself. The time saved transforms into either productive and creative time, or ‘emptiness’ for managers.
Bypassing the Limitations of Algorithmic Management via Out‐of‐App Activities and the Emergence of Opportunistic Agency in the Swedish Gig economy
Authors: Öborn David Regin , MacKenzie Robert , Örnebring Henrik , Van Couvering Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the limitations of using algorithmic management on gig platforms in the Swedish basic service sector. We critically examine how the behaviour of all three actors in the triangular relationship between worker, platform and client deviated from the logic of app‐based competitive bidding over the allocation of work; each being agential in bypassing the algorithmic management to engage in out‐of‐app activity. Our findings suggest the utility and limitations of algorithms differ between sectors of the gig economy. Crucially, the paper contributes to debates on gig worker agency by introducing the concept of opportunistic agency in the analysis of worker non‐compliance. In focusing on more instrumental motivations for out‐of‐app activity our analysis offers a critical perspective on the pervasiveness, omnipotence and universality of algorithmic management.
Efficacy of Different Doses of Intra‐Articular Tranexamic Acid for Reducing Blood Loss and Lower Limb Swelling After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Ye Shuwei , Luo Yue , Li Qianhao , Cai Lijun , Kang Pengde
Published: December 2024

Objective

Both blood loss and lower extremity swelling after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can affect a patient's postoperative recovery. The aim of this trial was to investigate whether different doses of intra‐articular tranexamic acid (TXA) can reduce blood loss and postoperative lower limb swelling.

Methods

In a prospective, randomized‐controlled trial, a total of 225 patients were randomly assigned to three groups from September 2020 through January 2021: intra‐articular injections of 3 g, 1 g of TXA, or placebo (saline solution). The primary outcome indicators were perioperative blood loss and decreased hemoglobin levels. The secondary outcome indicators were lower extremity swelling, functional recovery indicators (hospital for special surgery [HSS] scores, range of motion), visual analog scale [VAS] scores, and transfusion rates and safety outcomes, including thromboembolic events, incidence of wound‐related complications, and length of hospital stay. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc Bonferroni correction, Pearson chi‐square test and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Postoperative blood loss was lower in the 1 and 3 g TXA groups (754.00 ± 409.67 mL and 568.70 ± 408.27 mL, respectively) than in the placebo group (977.32 ± 418.69 mL) (p < 0.001). The maximum postoperative decrease in hemoglobin was lower in the 1 and 3 g TXA groups (2.4 ± 0.9 and 1.8 ± 0.9 g/dL, respectively) than in the placebo group (3.1 ± 1.2 g/dL) (p < 0.001). On postoperative Days 1, 2, and 3, the TXA group presented significantly reduced thigh, suprapatellar, and calf swelling and significantly reduced pain scores during exercise. Compared with that in the low‐dose group, perioperative blood loss was further reduced in the high‐dose TXA group (p = 0.006). However, while patients in the TXA group had improved pain scores, Hospital for Special Surgery scores, and joint range of motion at postoperative rest, these differences were not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in thromboembolic events or complication rates among the three groups.

Conclusion

Topical TXA in total knee arthroplasty was effective in reducing postoperative blood loss by 24%–43% and in reducing postoperative lower extremity swelling and pain during exercise. Higher doses (3 g) of TXA further controlled perioperative blood loss without affecting postoperative lower extremity swelling, and there was no increase in the incidence of related complications during follow‐up.

Trial Registration: This study was a single‐center, prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT). The trial was approved by the Clinical Trials and Biomedical Ethics Committee at our institution (number: 2018.676), all participants provided written informed consent, and the trial was prospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000035271)
The Scandinavian Journal of Economics at 125: a note from the editors
Authors: Harding Torfinn , Rendahl Pontus , Simonsen Marianne , Wengström Erik
Published: December 2024

In honor of the 125th year of The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, this paper highlights some of the influential research published here in the last 25 years, considers current trends in the field, and describes a view of the future of this journal in the overall economics research ecosystem.
Inter‐row soil management affecting soil moisture in non‐irrigated vineyard ecosystems: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Horel Ágota , Bakacsi Zsófia , Vass Csaba , Zsigmond Tibor
Published: December 2024

Soil moisture or soil water content (SWC) is crucial for ecosystem functioning, affecting plant health and soil quality. Imbalances in soil moisture can result in reduced fruit production and altered soil biotic and abiotic parameters. Vineyards, especially those located on sloping terrains, or in less fertile soils, are highly susceptible to these issues. An effective nature‐based solution to reduce erosion, improve soil health and increase the biodiversity of soils in vineyards is implementing green cover in the inter‐row spaces. However, trade‐offs related to green cover management need to be carefully evaluated to ensure optimal outcomes. Therefore, we conducted a literature review and a meta‐analysis to analyse how soil water content changes when a green cover (perennial grass or cover crops) management method is used in a vineyard compared to no vegetation or tilled inter‐rows. We found 70 data sets concerning soil water content (SWC) in non‐irrigated vineyards involving tillage and green cover. The data revealed that SWC enhancement depends on the type of green cover, as perennial grass (GC) tended to increase SWC (on average by 15%), whereas cover crops (CC) decreased overall SWC (on average by 20%). Sub‐humid climates showed 35%–73% higher SWC compared to semi‐arid research sites. Temperature zones also revealed that the lower (<12°C) average annual air temperature sites had the highest SWC. In general, the highest average SWC in GC also included the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) content and the lowest average bulk density (1.41 g cm−3) in the data set. However, changes in overall bulk density values were not significant among inter‐row soil management. We found that green cover generally increases penetration resistance (22% for GC and 61% for CC) and reduces the saturated hydraulic conductivities of the soils (i.e. 30% for GC and 79% for CC). However, our data set shows high deviations between research sites' values and climatic conditions, and while there are numerous benefits of green cover use in vineyard inter‐rows, site‐specific assessment is highly recommended prior to making changes in management practices.
HBV, HCV and HIV among inmates in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Magri Mariana Cavalheiro , Manchiero Caroline , Dantas Bianca Peixoto , Bernardo Wanderley Marques , Abdala Edson , Tengan Fátima Mitiko
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect 340 million people worldwide and have a high impact on vulnerable populations. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to estimate the prevalence of these infections among inmates in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Methods

Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, LILACS and Web of Science databases on 17 May 2024, without time or language restriction, according to PRISMA guidelines. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the bias risk in the selected studies. Meta‐analysis was performed by using the random‐effects model and heterogeneity between studies was assessed with I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression were performed to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity.

Results

Seventy‐nine studies were included, encompassing over 230,000 inmates. The estimated prevalences of HBV, HCV and HIV were 1.0% (95% CI: 0.0–1.0), 7.0% (95% CI: 6.0–8.0) and 4.0% (95% CI: 3.0–4.0), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed the following prevalences: HBV among females was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.0–3.0) and among males was 10.0% (95% CI: 3.0–17.0); HCV among females and males was 12.0% (95% CI: 7.0%–17.0%); and HIV among females was 10.0% (95% CI: 5.0–15.0) and among males was 8.0% (95% CI: 6.0–10.0).

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of inmates in Latin America and the Caribbean are infected with HBV, HCV or HIV, underscoring the need for viral infection testing, primary care for inmates and increased efforts to promote public health policies for the prison system.
The rise of CLAVATA: evidence for CLAVATA3 and WOX signaling in the fern gametophyte
Authors: Renninger Kelley A. , Yarvis Rebekah M. , Youngstrom Christopher E. , Cheng Chi‐Lien
Published: December 2024

CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptides are 12–13 amino acid‐long peptides that serve as positional signals in plants. The core CLE signaling module consists of a CLE peptide and a leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase, but in flowering plants, WUSCHEL‐RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) transcription factors are also incorporated to form negative feedback loops that regulate stem cell maintenance in the shoot and root. It is not known when WOX genes were co‐opted into CLE signaling pathways, only that mosses and liverworts do not require WOX for CLE‐regulated stem cell activities. We identified 11 CLE‐encoding genes in the Ceratopteris genome, including one (CrCLV3) most similar to shoot meristem CLE peptide CLAVATA3. We performed the first functional characterization of a fern CLE using techniques including RNAi knockdown and synthetic peptide dosage. We found that CrCLV3 promotes cell proliferation and stem cell identity in the gametophyte meristem. Importantly, we provide evidence for CrCLV3 regulation of the WOX gene CrWOXA during the developmental stage when female gametangium formation begins. These discoveries open a new avenue for CLE peptide research in the fern and clarify the evolutionary timeline of CLE‐WOX signaling in land plants.
Framing Environmental Issues in the Egyptian Press during COP27
Authors: Radwan Ahmed Farouk , Al Saied Najat Fawzy , Mousa Sheren Ali
Published: December 2024

The media's framing of environmental concerns and climate change issues is critical for moulding public perception, influencing policy, and inspiring action. The way that African environmental issues are framed in the Egyptian press at COP27 is a crucial topic for discussion to reflect the intricate interactions between solidarity, urgency, and realism. This paper discusses how the media constructs and embeds the environmental issues in the Egyptian media during COP27 by providing meanings, concepts, priorities, and explanations. There were 223 articles on sustainability, published between December 2022 and May 2023, were analysed. The authors employed discourse analysis to examine the concepts and semantics used in media coverage. Findings reveal that Egyptian media played a significant role in framing environmental issues within the context of hosting COP27, emphasising the challenges and opportunities for sustainability in Egypt. Water-related issues were a key focus, particularly water scarcity. Sustainability in education also emerged, addressing the role of technology, research, and workforce training in tackling climate change. Agriculture was emphasised and focused on sustainable practices and modern irrigation systems. Quality of life improvements were linked to sustainability through healthcare and social care. The cooperation theme concentrates on regional and international collaboration, particularly within Africa.
Relationships Among Physical Self-Concept Profiles, Orthorexia Nervosa, and Exercise Addiction in Crossfitters
Authors: Oliver-López Alejandro , Vega-Díaz Marta , Sáenz Andrea , González-García Higinio
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to examine physical self-concept profiles in Spanish crossfitters and whether these profiles were related to orthorexia nervosa and exercise addiction. A sample of 208 crossfitters (Mage = 34.46; SD = 9.18; 119 men) completed a series of self-report measures. A latent profile analysis was performed, and two profiles emerged as the most suitable option: (a) an average physical self-concept profile (n = 94) and (b) an average-high physical self-concept profile (n = 114). Results revealed that (b) the average-high self-concept profile showed higher scores in exercise addiction and orthorexia nervosa than (a) the average physical self-concept profile. Furthermore, the chi-square test revealed significant differences between genders in profile pertinence, in which females pertained more to (a) the average self-concept profile. In conclusion, these results contribute to the understanding of physical self-concept in CrossFit athletes, emphasizing the importance of considering individual profiles and gender differences when addressing aspects related to mental health and extreme behaviors in the sporting context.
Fast-track health technology assessment for in vitro diagnostics—a design thinking case study
Authors: Victorino Guilherme , Sousa Filipa Coelho , Vasconcelos Carolina , Cordeiro João V , Alves Joana , Coelho Pedro S
Published: December 2024

The evolution of diagnostic technologies, combined with the urgent need for efficient healthcare delivery in challenging public health contexts, calls for agile and empathetic innovation. This is particularly relevant in the context of in vitro diagnostics (IVDs), which significantly impact patients, healthcare providers and the overall healthcare system. This broad reach depends on specific health technology assessment (HTA) frameworks for IVD, which are still underdeveloped. As a response to this challenge, our study seeks to document the inspiration, ideation and implementation of a fast-track HTA project for IVDs, employing a design thinking (DT) methodology. We report an iterative process encompassing different methodologies including a narrative literature review, in-depth semistructured interviews and interdisciplinary workshops. Our results confirmed the value of IVDs for different healthcare dimensions, including clinical outcomes, economic impact, operational efficiency in healthcare delivery, patient outcomes and healthcare innovation. Stakeholders proposed innovative IVD solutions, which were assessed based on their feasibility, impact and potential for commercialisation. As a result, a fast-track HTA for IVDs was selected for implementation. Following the identification of contextual challenges, specific suggestions for idea implementation were prioritised. By applying a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach, our study offers insights into how HTA processes can be adapted to rapid healthcare innovation cycles and provides a practical roadmap for policymakers and stakeholders in the health technology sector, which is particularly relevant in an era where healthcare innovation is a key driver of economic growth and global strategic advantage.
Assessment of axonal injury in multiple sclerosis: combined analysis of serum light-chain neurofilaments and diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Jalilian Milad , Elhaie Mohammadreza , Sharifi Mohammadreza , Abedi Iraj
Published: December 2024

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory condition characterised by demyelination and axonal damage in the central nervous system. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables non-invasive investigation of microstructural white matter alterations, while serum neurofilament light chain (NFL) holds promise as a fluid biomarker of axonal injury.

Objectives

To use DTI and serum NFL measurements to evaluate white matter pathology in patients with MS and explore the relationship between in vivo imaging and biochemical indicators of axonal damage.

Methods

41 patients with relapse-remitting MS and 41 age-matched healthy controls underwent brain MRI including DTI acquisition. Serum samples were analysed for NFL concentrations using ELISA. Region of interest analysis was conducted to derive DTI metrics including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity. Correlational analyses were used to explore the associations between the imaging and biochemical indices.

Results

Patients exhibited significantly elevated serum NFL levels and altered DTI metrics compared with controls, indicative of axonal/myelin pathology. DTI parameters were positively correlated with serum NFL concentration (p value<0.0001). Visual analogue scale scores demonstrated a significant positive relationship between DTI metrics and NFL, validating their potential as radiological and fluid-based markers of symptom severity.

Conclusions

Combined DTI and serum NFL measurements may enhance the evaluation of axonal injury in MS by providing complementary in vivo and biochemical perspectives. The corresponding changes observed between the modalities support their utility as non-invasive biomarkers reflecting pathophysiological processes and clinical status in MS. Larger validation cohorts are needed to determine the clinical applicability.
Drone-based medical delivery in the extreme conditions of Himalayan region: a feasibility study
Authors: Aggarwal Sumit , Nigam Kuldeep , Singh Vikram , Mishra Tanuja , Pandey Ashok Kumar , Kant Rajni , Murhekar Manoj
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, have emerged as versatile tools across various sectors, including defence, agriculture, surveillance, mining, infrastructure, emergency response, transportation, geospatial mapping and notably medical supply delivery to challenging terrains. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using drones for delivering essential medical supplies in Keylong, Himachal Pradesh, situated amidst the Middle Himalayan Range, where heavy snowfall during peak winter restricts access to remote regions, posing logistical hurdles for healthcare provision.

Methods

This cross-sectional used a mixed-method approach alongside assessing the drone-based medical delivery. Insights from healthcare workers were documented on sociodemographic characteristics, local healthcare facilities and challenges encountered during drone operations.

Results

A total of 15 sorties were conducted, efficiently transporting 1000 units of medicines and 20 clinical samples. Throughout the drone operation, various technological and health-related challenges were encountered due to the high altitude and the cold weather conditions. Additionally, it has been observed that drones could play a pivotal role in supplementing traditional medical supplies. Particularly, the transportation of the medical supplies in emergency situations and delivery of diagnostic samples from peripheral villages.

Conclusion

The study observed that drones present a viable solution for enhancing healthcare accessibility in hard-to-reach regions, particularly for expeditiously delivering diagnostic samples and essential medications during emergencies. The findings underscore the potential of drones to complement existing healthcare systems, providing an efficient means to address logistical challenges in remote areas.