bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Subalgebra Intersection Property for Congruence Distributive Varieties
Authors: Valeriote Matthew A.
Published: October 2009

Abstract. We prove that if a finite algebra Agenerates a congruence distributive variety, then the subalgebras of the powers of Asatisfy a certain kind of intersection property that fails for finite idempotent algebras that locally exhibit affine or unary behaviour. We demonstrate a connection between this property and the constraint satisfaction problem.
Uniform Distribution of Fractional Parts Related to Pseudoprimes
Authors: Banks William D. , Garaev Moubariz Z. , Luca Florian , Shparlinski Igor E.
Published: October 2009

We estimate exponential sums with the Fermat-like quotients

where g and n are positive integers, n is composite, and P (n) is the largest prime factor of n. Clearly, both fg (n) and hg (n) are integers if n is a Fermat pseudoprime to base g, and if n is a Carmichael number, this is true for all g coprime to n. Nevertheless, our bounds imply that the fractional parts ﹛ fg (n)﹜ and ﹛hg (n)﹜ are uniformly distributed, on average over g for fg (n), and individually for hg (n). We also obtain similar results with the functions and .
Girsanov Transformations for Non-Symmetric Diffusions
Authors: Chen Chuan-Zhong , Sun Wei
Published: October 2009

Let X be a diffusion process, which is assumed to be associated with a (non-symmetric) strongly local Dirichlet form (ℰ, 𝓓 (ℰ)) on L2(E ;m). For u ∈ 𝓓(ℰ)e, the extended Dirichlet space, we investigate some properties of the Girsanov transformed process Y of X . First, let be the dual process of X and Ŷ the Girsanov transformed process of . We give a necessary and sufficient condition for (Y , Ŷ to be in duality with respect to the measure e2um. We also construct a counterexample, which shows that this condition may not be satisfied and hence (Y , Ŷ ) may not be dual processes. Then we present a sufficient condition under which Y is associated with a semi-Dirichlet form. Moreover, we give an explicit representation of the semi-Dirichlet form.
Convex Subordination Chains in Several Complex Variables
Authors: Ian Graham  , Hamada Hidetaka , Kohr Gabriela , Pfaltzgraff John A.
Published: October 2009

In this paper we study the notion of a convex subordination chain in several complex variables. We obtain certain necessary and sufficient conditions for a mapping to be a convex subordination chain, and we give various examples of convex subordination chains on the Euclidean unit ball in ℂn. We also obtain a sufficient condition for injectivity off(z/‖z‖, ‖z‖) onBn\ ﹛0﹜, wheref(z,t) is a convex subordination chain over (0, 1).
Generalized Polynomials and Mild Mixing
Authors: McCutcheon Randall , Quas Anthony
Published: October 2009

An unsettled conjecture of V. Bergelson and I. Håland proposes that if (X ,A, μ, T ) is an invertible weak mixing measure preserving system, where μ(X ) < ∞, and if p1, p2, … , pk are generalized polynomials (functions built out of regular polynomials via iterated use of the greatest integer or floor function) having the property that no pi, nor any pi−pj, i ≠ j, is constant on a set of positive density, then for any measurable sets A0, A1, … , Ak, there exists a zero-density set E ⊂ Zsuch that

We formulate and prove a faithful version of this conjecture for mildly mixing systems and partially characterize, in the degree two case, the set of families ﹛p1, p2, … , pk﹜ satisfying the hypotheses of this theorem.
Conditioning Factors of Innovation in the Internet Purchase Behavior
Authors: Colmenero Ferreira Fernando , Magalhães Serra Elisabete
Published: October 2009

The several discussions about the electronic commerce and their implications encourage as much the companies as the consumers. However, more important than the quantification of the phenomenon, it the understanding of itself, as the Internet can be assumed as a business tool with positive repercussions in the businesses, as well as the potential market was transactions can be realized.
In this study, we tried to identify the most relevant factors in the configuration and presentation of the offer whose impacts allow to unchain a certain purchase decision, as well as, to verify the relationship among the degree of entertainment, pleasure/easy to use and implication/involvement with the information of each Website and the adoption of purchase innovators' behaviors.
An integrated omics approach highlights how epigenetic events can explain and predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and bevacizumab in breast cancer
Authors: Fleischer Thomas , Haugen Mads Haugland , Ankill Jørgen , Silwal‐Pandit Laxmi , Børresen‐Dale Anne‐Lise , Hedenfalk Ingrid , Hatschek Thomas , Tost Jörg , Engebraaten Olav , Kristensen Vessela N.
Published: April 2024

Treatment with the anti‐angiogenic drug bevacizumab in addition to chemotherapy has shown efficacy for breast cancer in some clinical trials, but better biomarkers are needed to optimally select patients for treatment. Here, we present an omics approach where DNA methylation profiles are integrated with gene expression and results from proteomic data in breast cancer patients to predict response to therapy and pinpoint response‐related epigenetic events. Fresh‐frozen tumor biopsies taken before, during, and after treatment from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative non‐metastatic patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab were subjected to molecular profiling. Here, we report that DNA methylation at enhancer CpGs related to cell cycle regulation can predict response to chemotherapy and bevacizumab for the estrogen receptor positive subset of patients (AUC = 0.874), and we validated this observation in an independent patient cohort with a similar treatment regimen (AUC = 0.762). Combining the DNA methylation scores with the scores from a previously published protein signature resulted in a slight increase in the prediction performance (AUC = 0.784). We also show that tumors receiving the combination treatment underwent more extensive epigenetic alterations. Finally, we performed an integrative expression–methylation quantitative trait loci analysis on alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression levels, showing that the epigenetic alterations that occur during treatment are different between responders and non‐responders and that these differences may be explained by the proliferation–epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition axis through the activity of grainyhead like transcription factor 2. Using tumor purity computed from copy number data, we developed a method for estimating cancer cell‐specific methylation to confirm that the association to response reflects DNA methylation in cancer cells. Taken together, these results support the potential for clinical benefit of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy when administered to the correct patients.
Harm reduction and treatment: They must be willing to refer patients to each other
Authors: Kent Rob
Published: April 2024

I have been thinking a lot about the intersection of harm reduction and treatment. This is at the top of my mind based on my conversations with treatment program staff where they tell me that they believe, or have been told by their regulators, that they must treat folks who are unwilling, or uninterested, in accessing all of the services offered by their program and that they cannot refer folks to other, better suited services, in that instance.
Functional Polymer Thin Films for Establishing an Effective Electrode Interface in Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Cho Sungjin , Kim Youson , Song Youngjin , Ryu Jin , Choi Keonwoo , Yang Junyeong , Lee Se‐Hee , Im Sung Gap , Park Soojin
Published: April 2024

Sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs) have garnered significant attention for their high ionic conductivity in the development of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). However, SSEs face challenges due to poor chemical and electrochemical stability, leading to SE decomposition at the anode, which in turn increases internal resistance and reduces cycle performance. Herein, to address this issue, thin polymer layers are applied to prevent direct contact between the SSE and anode using the initiated chemical vapor deposition process. This method facilitates the uniform coating of eight types of polymers with polar functionalities on indium (In) anodes. Half‐cell tests and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that poly(acrylic acid) and poly((perfluorohexyl)ethyl acrylate), containing ─COOH and C─F bonds respectively, effectively stabilized the In/SSE interface. In full cells assembled with polymer‐coated In and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811), capacity retention show remarkable improvement, achieving 64.8% for In@pAA and 50.7% for In@pC6FA after 100 cycles, compared to 29.0% for bare In. This study provides insights into the interaction between polar bonds in polymers and SSEs, potentially bridging a significant knowledge gap resulting from the significant lack of research investigating the relationship between polymers, one of the primary materials commonly used in ASSBs.
Nanomaterials in Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy and Antibacterial Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: He Chaonan , Feng Peipei , Hao Mingming , Tang Yun , Wu Xiang , Cui Wenguo , Ma Jingyun , Ke Chunhai
Published: April 2024

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and antibacterial sonodynamic therapy (aSDT) utilize sensitizers (photosensitizers/sonosensitizers) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) for antibacterial treatment under the stimulation of light/ultrasound, which have the characteristics of broad‐spectrum antibacterial properties, low drug‐resistance, and effective targeting of infected tissues. Nanomaterials in aPDT/aSDT are primarily used as nano‐sensitizers or nano‐carriers of sensitizers. They enhance the stability and permeability of sensitizers, improve targeting of sensitizers, strengthen photodynamic/sonodynamic properties of sensitizers (modification of sensitizers absorption efficiency and light/ultrasonic response stress by modulation of nanoparticle shape, size, and structure). Also, they improve modifiability of sensitizers (controlling the release rate and time of the sensitizer as needed to optimize the therapeutic effect), enhance programmability and multifunctionality of sensitizers (flexible application of nanotechnology for designing sensitizers with multiple functions, such as drug delivery, targeted therapy, and therapeutic monitoring), and expand possibilities for combination therapies (the nano‐carriers can be loaded with other therapeutic agents, enabling combination therapies). Nanomaterials are expected to further promote the development of aPDT/aSDT and achieve improved antibacterial effects. This review summarizes the progress in nanomaterials in aPDT/aSDT in recent years and based on the current development strategies to provide a theoretical reference for the application of nanomaterials in aPDT/aSDT.
Electronic State‐Modulated Ni4N/Zn3N2 Heterogeneous Nanosheet Arrays Toward Dendrite‐Free and Kinetic‐Enhanced Li‐S Full Batteries
Authors: Ran Qiwen , Liu Jintao , Li Lei , Hu Qiang , Zhao Hongyuan , Komarneni Sridhar , Liu Xingquan
Published: April 2024

The applications of lithium (Li)–sulfur (S) batteries are simultaneously hampered by the unlimited dendritic Li growth and the sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides (LiPSs). In this work, an electronic state‐modulated Ni4N/Zn3N2 heterogeneous nanosheet arrays is painstakingly fabricated on the surface of carbon cloth (CC@Ni4N/Zn3N2) as an efficient bi‐service host to promote uniform Li deposition and boost efficient LiPSs catalysis. It is found that the electronic structure of Ni4N/Zn3N2 heterostructure is modulated to realize a rational transition metal d‐band center, and its built‐in electric field (BIEF) within the heterointerfaces facilitates the interfacial charge transfer, resulting in low Li deposition/migration energy barrier and efficient LiPSs adsorption/catalytic conversion kinetics. As a result, the as‐prepared CC@Ni4N/Zn3N2‐Li anode can enable the Li||Li symmetrical cells to possess a long‐term lifespan over 500 h even at 10 mA cm−2/20 mAh cm−2, and the as‐assembled LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2||CC@Ni4N/Zn3N2‐Li full cell also shows an excellent cycling performance (95.8% capacity retention after 100 cycles). When used for both S and Li loading, the as‐assembled CC@Ni4N/Zn3N2‐S||CC@Ni4N/Zn3N2‐Li full cell exhibits an outstanding cycling stability (744 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2C). This work highlights the great potential of heterostructures for fabricating ideal bi‐serve hosts for both Li and S electrodes.
CpG and Rutin Co‐Loaded DNA Tetrahedra for Targeted Therapy of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Synergistic Hematoma Clearance and Neuroinflammation Inhibition
Authors: Wang Jing , Xie Nuli , Lu Shan , Xiao Bo , Ou Yangqin , Li Qingnian , Liu Dexian , Zhou Wenhu
Published: April 2024

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) presents a formidable challenge due to its high mortality and disability rates, primarily attributed to cerebral hematoma formation and ensuing neuroinflammation. Swift hematoma removal is paramount for prognosis, yet existing interventions carry risks and limitations. Notably, elevated CD47 expression on hematoma‐associated RBC triggers a “don't eat me” signal, impeding hematoma clearance, while microglial/macrophage erythrophagocytosis exacerbates oxidative stress and the RBC lysate evokes neuroinflammation. To address this conundrum, a multifunctional nanomedicine (TD‐CFR), employing DNA tetrahedra (TD) as a carrier for ICH treatment is introduced. The investigations reveal that CpG enhances the phagocytosis of CD47‐expressing RBC by microglia/macrophages via lipid metabolism modulation. Integration of CpG into TD preserves its pro‐phagocytic efficacy, while TD's double‐stranded region enables efficient encapsulation of Rutin, a potent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant flavonoid. Capitalizing on disrupted blood‐brain barrier integrity at the hemorrhage site, TD‐CFR achieves robust enrichment within cerebral hematoma post‐intravenous administration, augmented by folate receptor‐mediated targeting of microglia/macrophages. Efficacy assessments in mouse and rabbit ICH models confirm TD‐CFR's therapeutic benefits, including hematoma clearance, neuroinflammation suppression, and brain function restoration. Leveraging TD's high biosafety profile and dual active ingredient loading capacity, the study unveils a promising drug treatment paradigm for ICH.
CT‐Visible Microspheres Enable Whole‐Body In Vivo Tracking of Injectable Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
Authors: Bettini Annalisa , Patrick Peter Stephen , Day Richard M. , Stuckey Daniel J.
Published: April 2024

Targeted delivery and retention are essential requirements for implantable tissue‐engineered products. Non‐invasive imaging methods that can confirm location, retention, and biodistribution of transplanted cells attached to implanted tissue engineering scaffolds will be invaluable for the optimization and enhancement of regenerative therapies. To address this need, an injectable tissue engineering scaffold consisting of highly porous microspheres compatible with transplantation of cells is modified to contain the computed tomography (CT) contrast agent barium sulphate (BaSO4). The trackable microspheres show high x‐ray absorption, with contrast permitting whole‐body tracking. The microspheres are cellularized with GFP+ Luciferase+ mesenchymal stem cells and show in vitro biocompatibility. In vivo, cellularized BaSO4‐loaded microspheres are delivered into the hindlimb of mice where they remain viable for 14 days. Co‐registration of 3D‐bioluminescent imaging and µCT reconstructions enable the assessment of scaffold material and cell co‐localization. The trackable microspheres are also compatible with minimally‐invasive delivery by ultrasound‐guided transthoracic intramyocardial injections in rats. These findings suggest that BaSO4‐loaded microspheres can be used as a novel tool for optimizing delivery techniques and tracking persistence and distribution of implanted scaffold materials. Additionally, the microspheres can be cellularized and have the potential to be developed into an injectable tissue‐engineered combination product for cardiac regeneration.
Development of Electrolytes under Lean Condition in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Jianjun , Fu Yuqing , Guo Juchen
Published: April 2024

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries stand out as one of the promising candidates for next‐generation electrochemical energy storage technologies. A key requirement to realize high‐specific‐energy Li–S batteries is to implement low amount of electrolyte, often characterized by the electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio. Low E/S ratio aggravates the known challenges for Li–S batteries and introduces new ones originated from the high concentration of polysulfides in limited electrolyte reservoir. In this review, the connections between the fundamental properties of electrolytes and the electrochemical/chemical reactions in Li–S batteries under lean electrolyte condition are elucidated. The emphasis is on how the solvating properties of the electrolyte affect the fate of polysulfides. Built upon the mechanistic analysis, different strategies to design lean electrolytes to improve the overall process of Li–S reactions and Li anode protection are discussed.
Catheter‐Directed Ionic Liquid Embolic Agent for Rapid Portal Vein Embolization, Segmentectomy, and Bile Duct Ablation
Authors: Cevik Enes , Albadawi Hassan , Zhang Zefu , Demirlenk Yusuf , Atar Dila , Keum Chris , Kim Jinjoo , Graf Erin , Gunduz Seyda , Rehman Suliman , Oklu Rahmi
Published: April 2024

Embolic materials currently in use for portal vein embolization (PVE) do not treat the tumor, which poses a risk for tumor progression during the interval between PVE and surgical resection. Here, is developed an ionic‐liquid‐based embolic material (LEAD) for portal vein embolization, liver ablation, and drug delivery. LEAD is optimized and characterized for diffusivity, X‐ray visibility, and cytotoxicity. In the porcine renal embolization model, LEAD delivered from the main renal artery reached vasculature down to 10 microns with uniform tissue ablation and delivery of small and large therapeutics. In non‐survival and survival porcine experiments, successful PVE is achieved in minutes, leading to the expected chemical segmentectomy, and delivery of a large protein drug (i.e., Nivolumab) with LEAD. In cholangiocarcinoma mouse tumor models and in ex vivo human tumors, LEAD consistently achieved an effective ablation and wide drug distribution. Furthermore, various strains of drug‐resistant patient‐derived bacteria showed significant susceptibility to LEAD, suggesting that LEAD may also prevent infectious complications resulting from tissue ablation. With its capabilities to embolize, ablate, and deliver therapeutics, ease of use, and a high safety profile demonstrated in animal studies, LEAD offers a potential alternative to tumor ablation with or without PVE for FLR growth.
Long‐Term Immersion Study for Durability of Interconnected Micropatterned Surfaces with Sustained Water Repellency
Authors: Park Seo Rim , Oh Seungmin , Kim Woo Young , Kim Do Hyeog , Lee Sang Hoon , Shin Seungwoo , Choi Su Hyun , Kwon Sin , Lee Heedoo , Kim Seok , Cho Young Tae
Published: April 2024

The sustained water repellency of interconnected micropatterned surfaces is explored over an extended duration, with a focus on their resilience during a 90‐day water‐immersion test. Initially, the microstructure surfaces exhibit high water repellency, a characteristic of the Cassie–Baxter state. However, subsequent detailed temporal analyses reveal varying responses depending on the structural topology. The interconnected micropatterned surfaces exhibit remarkable long‐term resistance to water; this is attributed to the formation of large and stable air pockets enabled by their unique microcavity structures. In comparison, hierarchical microcavity surfaces with micropillars exhibit a notable decrease in water repellency, as evidenced by reduced contact angles, suggesting a transition to a wetting state owing to the emergence of surface hydrophilicity during long‐term water exposure. This study demonstrates the importance of stable air‐pocket effects, particularly in applications where the long‐term stability of liquid repellency is critical, and suggests the role of interconnected structures in maintaining water repellency over time.
Luminescence of Lanthanide Complexes in Mesoporous Silica Matrices: A Textbook Example of Tris‐Dipicolinate Europium Complex Adsorbed in SBA‐15
Authors: Balogh Cristina M. , N'Dala‐Louika Isis , Suleimanov Iurii , Pons Anaïs , Jouffrieau Matthias , Camp Clément , Chaput Frédéric , Veyre Laurent , Thieuleux Chloé , Maury Olivier , Riobé François
Published: April 2024

The incorporation of luminescent lanthanide complexes in inorganic matrices opens appealing possibilities in the rational upstream conception of new luminescent materials with easier recyclability. In this regard, the influence of SBA‐15 mesoporous silica, as a host matrix, on the photophysical properties of europium‐trisdipicolinate cesium salt is investigated. The lanthanide complex can be completely and reversibly adsorbed on the silica, using incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) in WATER, without the need of anchoring groups or covalent bonding on the silica surface. This specific procedure allows the homogeneous dispersion of the lanthanide complex into the host silica matrix. Appropriately assessing the photophysical properties of the targeted luminescent material proved remarkably challenging, demanding utmost caution, particularly due to the strong scattering of the mesoporous matrices. Additionally, while the observations confirm an important increase of luminescence lifetimes of lanthanide complexes upon integration into these mediums, this variation is attributed to the differing refractive indexes and not to specific surface interactions or confinement effect. Indeed, it appeared that previous literature precedents depicted erroneous exhalations of the complexes intrinsic quantum yield due to the repeated use of erroneous refractive index values. In the meantime, the luminance of these materials under UV irradiation improves drastically in comparison to what is obtained with the physical dispersion of micro‐crystals of the lanthanide complex onto silica. It is demonstrated that this improvement is due to a reduced inner filter effect in the adsorbed samples. In this regard, IWI of lanthanide complexes in the mesoporous matrices method could be of interest in the development of recyclable emitting layers, less demanding in terms of emitter quantity.
Topological broadband invisibility
Authors: Pan Yuang , Zhang Li , Chen Xuan , Chen Fujia , Han Ning , Chen Qiaolu , Chen Hongsheng , Yang Yihao
Published: April 2024

When an electromagnetic wave is incident onto an object, the scattering from the object leads to its exposure. An invisibility cloak can bend the electromagnetic wave around the object with phase velocities exceeding the light speed in free space, which seems only possible over a narrow bandwidth, as manifested in the existing approaches, such as transformation optics and scattering cancellation. Here, it is experimentally demonstrated that this bandwidth limitation can be overcome by strategically positioning objects at topological nodes, characterized by minimal electromagnetic field amplitudes and indeterminate phases. This is accomplished using all‐dielectric photonic crystal slabs, which are engineered to exhibit a pair of topological nodes at fixed planes across an extensive bandwidth. This bandwidth expansion is facilitated not by resonance, but by the enforcement of mirror and time‐reversal symmetry. These findings thus introduce a novel topological paradigm for the broadband invisibility devices.
Lithium‐Lanthanide Heterometallic Organic Frameworks with Near‐Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yields for Single‐Composition White‐Light Emission and Fluorescent Sensing on Nitrobenzene
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang En‐Ting , Li Xinhao , Huang Weixin , Sun Yakun , Liu Zheyuan , Zheng Wei , Yi Xiaodong , Li Xin‐Xiong , Li Lingyun , Yu Yan
Published: April 2024

Lanthanide ion contained metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention in the fields of solid‐state lighting and chemical sensing due to their porous structure and distinctive optical properties. However, they also present challenges because of the limited photoluminescence (PL) intensity resulting from the parity‐forbidden f–f transitions of lanthanide ions. Herein, the study reports a new heterometallic MOFs Ln3Li2L4 (Li‐Ln‐MOF, Ln = Y, Eu, Tb and Dy, L = deprotonated 1,3,5‐tris(4‐carboxyphenyl)benzene) with a Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area of 774.1 m2/g. The porous crystal structure of Li‐Ln‐MOF is characterized by three kinds of channels interpenetrating with each other. By employing ligand alternation and lanthanide ion alloying strategies, Li‐Y1‐xEux‐MOF1 crystal isostructural with Li‐Ln‐MOF is synthesized by using 2,4,6‐tris(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (H3TATB) as ligand. The Li‐Y0.7Eu0.3‐MOF1 crystal excels in the comprehensive performance with a BET surface area of 858.8 m2 g−1 and a near‐unity PL quantum yield. The time density functional theory and natural transition orbitals calculations unravel that the outstanding optical properties Li‐Y0.7Eu0.3‐MOF1 originates from the charge transfer between TATB3− and Eu3+. Benefiting from the excellent comprehensive performance of Li‐Y1‐xEux‐MOF1, the study reveals their potentials as single‐composition white‐light emission and fluorescent sensing probe for the detection of nitrobenzene.
Optical Dispersion Data Analysis of Single‐Crystal CH3NH3PbBr3 for Optimized Perovskite Solar Cell Active Layer Absorptance
Authors: McCleese Christopher L. , Brennan Michael C. , Episcopo Nathan , Sun Lirong , Hong Nina , Ramana Chintalapalle V. , Grusenmeyer Tod A. , Stevenson Peter R.
Published: April 2024

Proper derivation of CH3NH3PbX3 (MAPbX3; where X = Cl−, Br−, I−) optical constants is a critical step toward the development of high‐performance perovskite devices. To date, the optical dispersions at all wavelengths have been inconsistently characterized by under‐approximating or omitting anomalous spectral features. Herein, a rigorous optical dispersion data analysis of single‐crystal MAPbBr3 involving variable‐angle spectroscopic ellipsometry data appended with transmission intensity data is presented. This approach yields a more robust derivation of the refractive index and extinction coefficient for both anomalous (absorptance) and normal (no absorptance) optical dispersion regimes. Using the derived optical constants, illustrative modeled perovskite solar cell device designs are presented in relation to nonrealistic designs prepared using representative optical constants reported in the literature. In comparison, the derived optical constants enables the modeling of layer thicknesses to maximize absorption by the active layer (MAPbBr3) and minimize parasitic optical absorptance by the nonactive layers at broad angles of incidence (≈0°–70°). This robust derivation of MAPbBr3 optical constants is expected to impact the optical dispersion data analysis of all perovskite analogs and expedite targeted development of, for example, solar cell, light‐emitting diode, photo‐ and X‐ray/γ‐ray detector, and laser system technologies.
Hybrid PV Systems – Optimizing CPV and SiPV Ratio to Increase Sustainability of Hydrogen Production
Authors: Boulaire Fanny A. , Love Jonathan G. , Mohammadshahi Shahrzad S. , Mackinnon Ian D.R.
Published: April 2024

This paper establishes the concept of hybrid PV systems where the ratio of different photovoltaic (PV) technologies is optimized so that their combined output profile best matches user requirements. The method is presented and applied to a case study where a two‐axis tracking concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) and a single‐axis silicon photovoltaic (SiPV) system installed at a sub‐tropical location in Australia, are to power the production of hydrogen by electrolysis. The analysis quantifies the performance of the PV systems from data gathered at the site and reveals the complementarity of these two systems in their output at different timescales. An optimization problem is then defined that seeks the optimal ratio of CPV and SiPV to achieve high annual power output and, importantly, a good match between power supply and demand profiles. The benefits of this approach are illustrated for a green hydrogen power‐to‐gas‐to‐power plant under two operating modes. For this case study, the optimal PV ratio of 0.33CPV: 0.67SiPV leads to reduced dependence on the electricity grid, and a maximum guaranteed minimal take‐up of hydrogen over all months in a year. Overall, the sustainability of the plant is increased without the need for additional storage, and therefore additional resources.
Antibody and siRNA Nanocarriers to Suppress Wnt Signaling, Tumor Growth, and Lung Metastasis in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Dang Megan N. , Suri Sejal , Li Kejian , Gomez Casas Carolina , Stigliano Gianna , Riley Rachel S. , Scully Mackenzie A. , Hoover Elise C. , Aboeleneen Sara B. , Kramarenko George C. , Day Emily S.
Published: April 2024

The paucity of targeted therapies for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) causes patients with this aggressive disease to suffer a poor clinical prognosis. A promising target for therapeutic intervention is the Wnt signaling pathway, which is activated in TNBC cells when extracellular Wnt ligands bind overexpressed Frizzled7 (FZD7) transmembrane receptors. This stabilizes intracellular β‐catenin proteins that in turn promote transcription of oncogenes that drive tumor growth and metastasis. To suppress Wnt signaling in TNBC cells, this work develops therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with FZD7 antibodies and β‐catenin small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The antibodies enable TNBC cell specific binding and inhibit Wnt signaling by locking FZD7 receptors in a ligand unresponsive state, while the siRNAs suppress β‐catenin through RNA interference. Compared to NPs coated with antibodies or siRNAs individually, NPs coated with both agents more potently reduce the expression of several Wnt related genes in TNBC cells, leading to greater inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and spheroid formation. In two murine models of metastatic TNBC, the dual antibody/siRNA nanocarriers outperformed controls in terms of inhibiting tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. These findings demonstrate suppressing Wnt signaling at both the receptor and mRNA levels via antibody/siRNA nanocarriers is a promising approach to combat TNBC.
Nanosponge for Iron Chelation and Efflux: A Ferroptosis‐Inhibiting Approach for Myocardial Infarction Therapy
Authors: Lv Qingbo , Lin Jun , Huang He , Ma Boxuan , Li Wujiao , Chen Jiawen , Wang Meihui , Wang Xiaoyu , Fu Guosheng , Xiao Yun
Published: April 2024

Myocardial infarction (MI), a consequence of coronary artery occlusion, triggers the degradation of ferritin, resulting in elevated levels of free iron in the heart and thereby inducing ferroptosis. Targeting myocardial ferroptosis through the chelation of excess iron has therapeutic potential for MI treatment. However, iron chelation in post ischemic injury areas using conventional iron‐specific chelators is hindered by ineffective myocardial intracellular chelation, rapid clearance, and high systemic toxicity. A chitosan‐desferrioxamine nanosponge (CDNS) is designed by co‐crosslinking chitosan and deferoxamine through noncovalent gelation to address these challenges. This architecture facilitates direct iron chelation regardless of deferoxamine (DFO) release due to its sponge‐like porous hydrogel structure. Upon cellular internalization, CDNS can effectively chelate cellular iron and facilitate the efflux of captured iron, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and associated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. In MI mouse models, myocardial injection of CDNS promotes sustainable retention and the suppression of ferroptosis in the infarcted heart. This intervention improves cardiac function and alleviates adverse cardiac remodeling post‐MI, leading to decreased oxidative stress and the promotion of angiogenesis due to ferroptosis inhibition by CDNS in the infarcted heart. This study reveals a nanosponge‐based nanomedicine targeting myocardial ferroptosis with efficient iron chelation and efflux, offering a promising MI treatment.
Universal Synaptic Plasticity of Interface‐Based Second‐Order Memristors
Authors: Khanas Anton , Hebert Christian , Hrabovsky David , Becerra Loïc , Jedrecy Nathalie
Published: April 2024

Second‐order memristors with their internal short‐term dynamics display behavioral similarities with biological neurons and constitute an ideal basis unit for hardware neuromorphic networks, aims at treating spatio‐temporal tasks. Here, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/BaTiO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 second‐order memristive devices are investigated whose resistances and temperature dependencies range, on the same chip, from semiconductor to metal, but exhibit a universal neuromorphic plasticity. All devices may be described using a compact phenomenological model of current conduction, showing that resistive switching originates from interfaces, through charge trapping. Remarkably, the processes of short‐term memory gain/loss and long‐term consolidation/forgetting are the same whatever the device type. Only the synaptic transmission weights and the excitation/relaxation times with respect to stimuli differ, as it occurs for synapses/neurons in the brain. The weights may be tuned by the sole use of the frequency of stimuli (the activity rate), their evolution being dependent on previous activities (the history). Metal and semiconductor devices display the same in‐operando dynamics of potentiation or of depression, the transition from one regime to another being history‐dependent. The threshold frequencies are slightly lower in semiconducting devices. This work contributes to better understanding of memristive switching and plasticity and is relevant for the development of brain‐mimetic neural networks with new programming paradigms.
Ti3C2Tx Electromagnetic Shielding Performance: Investigating Environmental Influences and Structural Changes
Authors: Barjola Arturo , Herráiz Roberto , Amaro Andrea , Torres José , Suárez Adrián , Giménez Enrique
Published: April 2024

MXenes, a promising family of 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides, are renowned for their exceptional electronic conductivity and mechanical stability, establishing them as highly desirable candidates for advanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material. Despite these advantages, challenges persist in optimizing MXene synthesis methods and improving their oxidation resistance. Surface defects on MXenes significantly impact their electronic properties, impeding charge transport and catalyzing the oxidation process. In this study, a novel synthesis protocol derived from the conventional, minimally invasive layer delamination (MILD) method, is presented. Two additional steps are introduced aiming at enhancing process yield, addressing a crucial issue as conventional methods often yield high‐quality individual MXene flakes but struggle to generate sufficient quantities for bulk material production. This approach successfully yields Ti3C2Tx films with excellent conductivity (3973.72 ±121.31 Scm−1) and an average EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 56.09 ± 1.60 dB within the 1.5 to 10 GHz frequency range at 35% relative humidity (RH). Furthermore, this investigation delves into the long‐term oxidation stability of these films under varying RH conditions. These findings underscore the effectiveness of this innovative synthesis approach in elevating both the conductivity and EMI shielding capabilities of MXene materials. This advancement represents a significant step toward harnessing MXenes for practical applications requiring robust EMI shielding solutions. Additionally, insights into long‐term stability offer critical considerations for implementing MXenes in real‐world environments.
Deciphering Advanced Sensors for Life and Safety Monitoring of Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wang Weihan , Zhang Yanyun , Xie Bin , Huang Lang , Dong Shanmu , Xu Gaojie , Cui Guanglei
Published: April 2024

The rapid commercialization of lithium batteries greatly promotes the development of the electric vehicles, renewable energy storage systems and consumer electronics. The service lifetime and safety of lithium batteries are extremely concerned by terminal customers. Sensor technology is powerful in monitoring the physical and chemical signals of lithium batteries, serving for the state of health and safety warning/evaluation of lithium batteries and guide for future development of battery materials. In this review, the primary concern is the generation mechanisms of different physicochemical signals in lithium batteries. Then, the sensing methods and sensing designs according to different physicochemical signals of lithium batteries is summarized. Finally, some perspectives are provided to guide further development of sensing technology for lithium batteries. This review will greatly accelerate the terminal application of advanced sensors, whether in commercial products or scientific research.
High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Ionic Covalent Organic Framework Composites
Authors: Huang Jun , Cheng Lei , Zhang Zhenyang , Li Chen , Bang Ki‐Taek , Liem Albert , Luo Hang , Hu Chuan , Lee Young Moo , Lu Yingying , Wang Yanming , Kim Yoonseob
Published: April 2024

Ionic covalent organic frameworks (iCOFs) are crystalline materials with stable porous structures. They hold great potential for ion transport, particularly as solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) for all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). However, achieving an ionic conductivity of over 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature using pure‐iCOF‐based SSEs, even adding additives such as lithium salts, is challenging as the voids work as strong resistances. Thus, highly conductive iCOFs typically require quasi‐solid‐state configurations with organic solvents or plasticizers. In this study, composites comprising iCOFs and poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) are prepared to make all‐solid‐state iCOFs electrolytes with an exceptional ionic conductivity up to 1.50 × 10−3 S cm−1 and a high Li+ transference number of > 0.80 at room temperature. Combined experimental and computational studies show that the co‐coordination and competitive coordination mechanism established between the PIL, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), and iCOFs enabled rapid Li+ transport while restricting TFSI− movement. ASSLMB cells, made of composite SSEs and LiFePO4 composite cathode, demonstrate an initial discharge capacity of 141.5 mAh g−1 at 1C and r.t., with an impressive capacity retention of 87% up to 800 cycles. Overall, this work presents a breakthrough approach for developing advanced SSEs for next‐generation high‐energy‐density ASSLMBs.
Echocardiographic measures of the left heart and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in cognitively intact adults: The CABLE study
Authors: Hu He‐Ying , Hu Hao , Jiang Jing , Bi Yan‐Lin , Sun Yan , Ou Ya‐Nan , Tan Lan , Yu Jin‐Tai
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION

This study delineated the interrelationships between subclinical alterations in the left heart, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, and cognition.

METHODS

Multiple linear regressions were conducted in 1244 cognitively normal participants (mean age = 65.5; 43% female) who underwent echocardiography (left atrial [LA] and left ventricular [LV] morphologic or functional parameters) and CSF AD biomarkers measurements. Mediating effects of AD pathologies were examined. Differences in cardiac parameters across ATN categories were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and logistic regressions.

RESULTS

LA or LV enlargement (characterized by increased diameters and volumes) and LV hypertrophy (increased interventricular septal or posterior wall thickness and ventricular mass) were associated with higher CSF phosphorylated (p)‐tau and total (t)‐tau levels, and poorer cognition. Tau pathologies mediated the heart‐cognition relationships. Cardiac parameters were higher in stage 2 and suspected non‐Alzheimer's pathology groups than controls.

DISCUSSION

These findings suggested close associations of subclinical cardiac changes with tau pathologies and cognition.

Highlights

Various subclinical alterations in the left heart related to poorer cognition.

Subclinical cardiac changes related to tau pathologies in cognitively normal adults.

Tau pathologies mediated the heart‐cognition relationships.

Subclinical cardiac changes related to the AD continuum, especially to stage 2.

The accumulation of cardiac alterations magnified their damage to the brain.
Lifestyle and incident dementia: A COSMIC individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Van Asbroeck Stephanie , Köhler Sebastian , van Boxtel Martin P. J. , Lipnicki Darren M. , Crawford John D. , Castro‐Costa Erico , Lima‐Costa Maria Fernanda , Blay Sergio Luis , Shifu Xiao , Wang Tao , Yue Ling , Lipton Richard B. , Katz Mindy J. , Derby Carol A. , Guerchet Maëlenn , Preux Pierre‐Marie , Mbelesso Pascal , Norton Joanna , Ritchie Karen , Skoog Ingmar , Najar Jenna , Sterner Therese Rydberg , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Yannakoulia Mary , Dardiotis Themis , Rolandi Elena , Davin Annalisa , Rossi Michele , Gureje Oye , Ojagbemi Akin , Bello Toyin , Kim Ki Woong , Han Ji Won , Oh Dae Jong , Trompet Stella , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , Röhr Susanne , Pabst Alexander , Shahar Suzana , Rivan Nurul Fatin Malek , Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit , Jacobsen Erin , Ganguli Mary , Hughes Tiffany , Haan Mary , Aiello Allison E. , Ding Ding , Zhao Qianhua , Xiao Zhenxu , Narazaki Kenji , Chen Tao , Chen Sanmei , Ng Tze Pin , Gwee Xinyi , Gao Qi , Brodaty Henry , Trollor Julian , Kochan Nicole , Lobo Antonio , Santabárbara Javier , Gracia‐Garcia Patricia , Sachdev Perminder S. , Deckers Kay ,   for Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC)
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION

The LIfestyle for BRAin Health (LIBRA) index yields a dementia risk score based on modifiable lifestyle factors and is validated in Western samples. We investigated whether the association between LIBRA scores and incident dementia is moderated by geographical location or sociodemographic characteristics.

METHODS

We combined data from 21 prospective cohorts across six continents (N = 31,680) and conducted cohort‐specific Cox proportional hazard regression analyses in a two‐step individual participant data meta‐analysis.

RESULTS

A one‐standard‐deviation increase in LIBRA score was associated with a 21% higher risk for dementia. The association was stronger for Asian cohorts compared to European cohorts, and for individuals aged ≤75 years (vs older), though only within the first 5 years of follow‐up. No interactions with sex, education, or socioeconomic position were observed.

DISCUSSION

Modifiable risk and protective factors appear relevant for dementia risk reduction across diverse geographical and sociodemographic groups.

Highlights

A two‐step individual participant data meta‐analysis was conducted.

This was done at a global scale using data from 21 ethno‐regionally diverse cohorts.

The association between a modifiable dementia risk score and dementia was examined.

The association was modified by geographical region and age at baseline.

Yet, modifiable dementia risk and protective factors appear relevant in all investigated groups and regions.
Thermal‐Driven Dispersion of Bismuth Nanoparticles among Carbon Matrix for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Guo Weijian , Cao Xueying , Tan Dongxing , Wulan Bari , Ma Jizhen , Zhang Jintao
Published: April 2024

The poor electrocatalytic stability and rapid deactivation of metal electrocatalysts are always present in the electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) due to the harsh reduction condition. Herein, we demonstrate the controllable dispersion of ultrafine bismuth nanoparticles among the hollow carbon shell (Bi@C‐700‐4) simply by a thermal‐driven diffusion process. The confinement effect of nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix is able to low the surface energy of bismuth nanoparticles against the easy aggregation commonly observed for the thermal treatment. On the basis of the synergistic effect and confinement effect between bismuth nanoparticles and carbon matrix, the highly dispersed active sites render the obviously improved electrocatalytic activity and stability for CO2 reduction into formate. The in situ experimental observations on the reduction process and theoretical calculations reveal that the incorporation of bismuth nanoparticles with nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix would promote the activation of CO2 and the easy formation of key intermediate (*OCHO), thus leading the enhanced electrocatalytic activity, with a Faradaic Efficiency (FE) of formate about 94.8 % and the long‐time stability. Furthermore, the coupling of an anode for 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) in solar‐driven system renders the high 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) yield of 81.2 %, presenting the impressive solar‐to‐fuel conversion.
Guiding Transient Peptide Assemblies with Structural Elements Embedded in Abiotic Phosphate Fuels
Authors: Pol Mahesh D. , Dai Kun , Thomann Ralf , Moser Sandra , Kanti Roy Subhra , Pappas Charalampos G.
Published: April 2024

Despite great progress in the construction of non‐equilibrium systems, most approaches do not consider the structure of the fuel as a critical element to control the processes. Herein, we show that the amino acid side chains (A, F, Nal) in the structure of abiotic phosphates can direct assembly and reactivity during transient structure formation. The fuels bind covalently to substrates and subsequently influence the structures in the assembly process. We focus on the ways in which the phosphate esters guide structure formation and how structures and reactivity cross regulate when constructing assemblies. Through the chemical functionalization of energy‐rich aminoacyl phosphate esters, we are able to control the yield of esters and thioesters upon adding dipeptides containing tyrosine or cysteine residues. The structural elements around the phosphate esters guide the lifetime of the structures formed and their supramolecular assemblies. These properties can be further influenced by the peptide sequence of substrates, incorporating anionic, aliphatic and aromatic residues. Furthermore, we illustrate that oligomerization of esters can be initiated from a single aminoacyl phosphate ester incorporating a tyrosine residue (Y). These findings suggest that activated amino acids with varying reactivity and energy contents can pave the way for designing and fabricating structured fuels.