bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational Continuity in Adverse Childhood Experiences and Rural Community Environments
Authors: Schofield Thomas J. , Donnellan M. Brent , Merrick Melissa T. , Ports Katie A. , Klevens Joanne , Leeb Rebecca
Published: August 2018

Objectives. To understand the role of the community environment on intergenerational continuity in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among a rural White sample.

Methods. Parents in 12 counties in rural Iowa reported retrospectively on their own ACEs in 1989. We measured their child’s ACEs retrospectively and prospectively across adolescence (n = 451 families). We measured structural and social process–related measures of community environment (i.e., community socioeconomic status, parents’ perception of community services, perceived community social cohesion, and neighborhood alcohol vendor density) on multiple occasions during the child’s adolescence.

Results. The 4 measures of community environment were all correlated with the child’s ACEs, but only alcohol vendor density predicted ACEs after inclusion of covariates. Intergenerational continuity in ACEs was moderated by both social cohesion (b = −0.11; SE = 0.04) and alcohol vendor density (b = −0.11; SE = 0.05).

Conclusions. Efforts to increase community social cohesion and manage alcohol vendor density may assist families in breaking the cycle of maltreatment across generations.
Whether free hemoglobin can be a severity’s marker of general condition of the patient with sepsis?
Authors: Orlov Yuriy Petrovich , Dolgikh V. T. , Glushchenko A.V.
Published: August 2018

Purpose of Research: to determine whether we can use free hemoglobin concentration as early prognostic marker and a predictor of mortality in sepsis. Materials and Methods. In a retrospective study in 60 patients aged 47,6 ± 7,2 years with sepsis (30,4 ± 2,1 points on the Mannheim’s scale for evaluation of the severity of peritonitis) modern methods of statistics (ROC-analysis) hypothesis was tested, whether level of free hemoglobin in the first 24 hours from the moment of admission can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis for severe sepsis. Informative criterion was compared with the information of the procalcitonin test. Results. The present study had shown that the above average free hemoglobin concentration, measured on the first day of the heavy flow of sepsis, is directly connected with increased 30-days mortality, and the level of free hemoglobin in a first day of the disease has high sensitivity, specificity, and can determine the outcome of sepsis with accuracy up to 96,7 %. Conclusion. Free hemoglobin concentration above medium size identified on the first day of the currents of severe sepsis, is directly related to increased 30-day mortality, and researched level of free hemoglobin in day 1 of the disease has a high proportion of sensitivity and specificity. Level of free hemoglobin is Predictor outcome of sepsis in the first 24 hours after the start of therapy, but the results did not rule out the need to use the necessary test from septic patients, but rather the feasibility of combining the two dictates the criteria to assess the outcome of severe septic process that requires further research.
Perioperative management of geriatric patients. Project of clinical recommendations
Authors: Zabolotskikh Igor B. , Gorobets E. S. , Grigoriev E. V. , Kozlov I. A. , Lebedinsky K. M. , Musaeva T. S. , Ovechkin A. M. , Trembach N. V. , Khoronenko V. E.
Published: August 2018

The need for surgical treatment in elderly patients arises four times more often than the population average. Due to the tendency to increase life expectancy, the number of elderly patients who underwent surgery increases, which requires an increase in the geriatric care, including surgical and anesthetic care. It is well known that in comparison with young patients, older subjects have a higher risk of developing adverse postoperative outcomes as a result of age-related decline in physiological functions, the presence of several comorbidities, polypharmacy, cognitive dysfunction and specific geriatric syndromes such as frailty. The presented recommendations generalize modern principles of perioperative management in patients of older age groups. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of preoperative examination, including the evaluation of geriatric syndromes, the choice of anesthesia method and the correct calculation of doses of drugs for anesthesia. Great importance at the present time made the role of cognitive status of older patients and post-operative cognitive dysfunction, which substantially affects the outcome of the disease. These recommendations include measures to assess cognitive status and prevent complications associated with cognitive impairment. Individualization of approach to management of geriatric patients is the basis of effective prevention of perioperative complications.
Radiocarbon Dating of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons A New Approach for Dating Passive‐Fraction Carbon in Soil Horizons
Authors: Huang Yongsong , Li Baocai , Bryant Charlotte , Bol Roland , Eglinton Geoffrey
Published: August 2018

Aliphatic hydrocarbons isolated from three types of British upland soils at different depths were 14C‐dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and compared with 14C ages of total organic C (TOC) of bulk soils and acid‐hydrolyzed residues. In all cases, aliphatic hydrocarbons were significantly older than TOC but comparable with (in some cases older than) hydrolyzed residues, indicating that the 14C content of aliphatic hydrocarbons reflects the age of a passive‐fraction C. The age differences between the aliphatic hydrocarbons and TOC increase with the degree of mineralization: thus, up to a 10000 yr difference in age is observed for highly mineralized horizons in podzol and acid brown earth. The leaf‐wax n‐alkanes (C25 to C33) isolated from a peaty gley core show a virtually linear relationship between their ages and the depth. In contrast to bulk soil organic matter that contains younger C deposited by plant roots and by water leaching, leaf wax n‐alkanes are contributed at the soil surface by the leaves of dead plants and are of low mobility due to their extremely low water‐solubility. The low biodegradability of long‐chain n‐alkanes leads to their persistence in the soil horizons where they were originally deposited. Therefore, their ages are ideal as chronological indicators for soils and peats.
Model of management of the employees’ innovative behavior at the industrial enterprises
Authors: Lipych Liubov , Volynets Iryna , Khilukha Oksana , Matviichuk Ivanna , Semchuk Zhanna
Published: August 2018

Employee’s innovative behavior is an impulse that initiates a range of organizational processes, owing to which the enterprise forms its competitive advantage. In the article, the determinative factors of influence on the innovative behavior in the context of separate age groups were defined. According to the results of multifactor regression analysis, the determinative types of trust include institutional, horizontal and vertical, stress resistance to innovations, managerial support and innovative work environment. It was proved that the employee’s age does not affect the innovative activity of industrial enterprises. When forming the main components of the management model of innovative behavior, the focus is on personal and professional characteristics of managers, which help to form the innovative type of behavior of the employees; a system for stimulating the real results of such behavior; ways of promotion of new developments via the innovation platforms and creation of the special structural unit with the aim to implement the proposed measures.
Formação de professoras em nível superior simultânea à atuação na educação básica
Authors: Jesus Marta Lícia Teles Brito de , Cunha Maria Couto
Published: August 2018

No presente artigo discute-se de que maneira docentes das redes públicas de ensino do Estado da Bahia protagonizaram o contexto no qual se percebeu uma indução, por parte do poder público, para que todos tivessem um curso de licenciatura como formação mínima, a fim de atuar nos anos iniciais da educação básica. Os princípios da etnometodologia foram fundamentais na pesquisa de campo para a compreensão dos resultados, os quais indicam o quanto é preciso considerar a subjetividade dos professores em formação, com a finalidade de avaliar políticas de elevação da escolarização dos docentes deste nível de ensino.
A CONAPE como espaço de resistência social à ofensiva do Golpe
Authors: - CNTE Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores em Educação
Published: August 2018

A Conferência Nacional Popular de Educação – CONAPE, realizada em Belo Horizonte entre os dias 26 e 28 de maio último, foi precedida de etapas municipais, intermunicipais, estaduais e distrital, reunindo milhares de educadores e educadoras, estudantes, pais, mães e ativistas sociais que lutam em defesa da educação pública, gratuita, universal, democrática, laica e de qualidade social.
A Review of African Swine Fever – Disease that is Now a Big Concern in Europe
Authors: Štukelj Marina , Plut Jan
Published: August 2018

African swine fever (ASF) is a serious disease of domestic and feral swine mainly because of grave clinical course of the disease and its strong socio-economic impact. Not only there is an extremely high mortality (95–100%) around the time of the first outbreak, live-animal, pork meat and other pork product trade is strongly affected on regional and international level. ASF is a species-specific disease; strength of the clinical signs depends on virulence of a viral strain. Exacerbation of body temperature and dysfunction of respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract are most common occurrences. Lesions can be mostly classed as congestive or hemorrhagic. Epidemiologically, ASF varies substantially among regions, countries and continents due to wide panel of different virus genotypes, population of feral swine and other reservoirs of disease, geographical characteristics and social habits of people. ASF is endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa where soft ticks (Argaside) and chronically infected feral swine population serve as reservoirs. It also became endemic in most parts of Russian Federation. Since 1978, ASF is endemic on Sardinia isle, as it was eradicated in all other parts of Europe. First outbreak in Georgia in 2007 has apparently served for transmission to other eastern European countries. Slovenia is currently still ASF-free but disease has already reached some relatively nearby countries (Poland, Romania, Moldova, Czech Republic and Hungary). There is no anti-ASF vaccine currently available ad specific treatment has not been described. Therefore rapid diagnostics and implementation of strict biosecurity measures play a key role in prevention of further transmission.
Geostatistical Analysis of the Permeability Coefficient in Different Soil Textures
Authors: Issazadeh Lida , Ismail Umar Mustafa , Al-Sulaivany Said I.A. , Hassanpour Jian
Published: August 2018

Estimating soil hydraulic properties are so important for hydrological modeling, designing irrigation-drainage systems and soil transmission of soluble salts and pollutants, although measurements of such parameters have been found costly and time-consuming. Owing to a high spatial variability of soil hydraulic characteristics, a large number of soil samples are required for proper analysis. Nowadays, geostatistical methods are used to estimate soil parameters on the basis of limited data. The purpose of this research is to investigate the spatial variability of the permeability coefficient in different soil textures (26 soil samples) found in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The parameter values obtained indicated a normal trend in particle size distribution, whereas the values of permeability coefficient showed aberrant distribution patterns. Geostatistical analysis results indicated the best fitted theoretical model was Gaussian model and the proportion of sill/(sill + nugget) was 0.17 indicated strong spatial dependency of soil permeability. Furthermore, the optimal distance for estimating the soil permeability coefficient was 109,119 meters. A comparison of the kriging and IDW interpolation methods showed that both methods can estimate soil permeability with high accuracy and less error. The prediction maps of the applied methods indicated that high soil permeability rates were recorded in the south-east of the Kurdistan region of Iraq compared to low soil permeability rates recorded in the remainder of this region. It is recommended other interpolation methods such as co-kriging and indicator or simple kriging methods could be used to simulate data in large scale areas as well.
Organic Seed Production in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Golijan Jelena , Popović Aleksandar , Živanović Ljubiša
Published: August 2018

Over the past few years, organic agricultural production has increased globally. This type of production is regulated by numerous laws and concomitant regulations, whereas the basic principles of organic production development are prescribed by the IFOAM standards and the European Union. Seed production is of immense importance to organic agricultural systems as the use of certified seed is crucial in preserving organic production. Prior to 2009, certified organic seed had not been produced in the Republic of Serbia, and producers had used either landrace seeds or chemically untreated conventional seeds. Of the total area devoted to organic farming in the Republic of Serbia (14,357.96 ha), seed production accounts for only 8.4 ha, with uneven distribution over regions. The highest organic seed production (5.2 ha) has been recorded in the region of Vojvodina. However, there is still a lack of certified organic seed in the country, emphasizing the need for organic seed breeding and production in the future.
Advances in acute toxicity testing: strengths, weaknesses and regulatory acceptance
Authors: Erhirhie Earnest Oghenesuvwe , Ihekwereme Chibueze Peter , Ilodigwe Emmanuel Emeka
Published: August 2018

Safety assessment of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food and food ingredients, cosmetics, industrial products is very crucial prior to their approval for human uses. Since the commencement of toxicity testing (about 500 years ago, since 1520), significant advances have been made with respect to the 3Rs (reduction, refinement and replacement) alternative approaches. This review is focused on the update in acute systemic toxicity testing of chemicals. Merits and demerits of these advances were also highlighted. Traditional LD50 test methods are being suspended while new methods are developed and endorsed by the regulatory body. Based on the refinement and reduction approaches, the regulatory body has approved fixed dose procedure (FDP), acute toxic class (ATC) method and up and down procedure (UDP) which involves few numbers of animals. In terms of replacement approach, the regulatory body approved 3T3 neutral red uptake (NRU), the normal human keratinocyte (NHK), and the 3T3 neutral red uptake (NRU) phototoxicity test for acute phototoxicity. However, other promising replacement alternatives such as organ on chip seeded with human cells for acute systemic toxicity and 3T3 neutral red uptake (NRU) cytotoxicity test for identifying substances not requiring classification, as well as the in silico approaches are yet to receive regulatory approval. With this backdrop, a collaborative effort is required from the academia, industries, regulatory agencies, government and scientific organizations to ensure speedily regulatory approval of the prospective alternatives highlighted.
Toluene abuse markers in marginalized populations
Authors: Hubková Beáta , Rácz Oliver , Bódy Gabriel , Frišman Eugen , Mareková Mária
Published: August 2018

Toluene abuse is one of the most common addictions among marginalized Roma. The aim of the study was the comparison of urinary toluene metabolite levels in marginalized population of Eastern Slovakia as compared to the majority population, and to verify the validity of the answers, given in the questionnaires, regarding toluene abuse. The study was carried out as part of the HEPA-META project aiming to map the prevalence of health problems in marginalized Roma. The majority of people living outside the area of the segregated Roma communities comprised the control group. The total number of study participants was 770. Statistically significant differences in the levels of hippuric acid and o-cresol were found between Roma and the majority population. Variations in urinary hippuric acid levels in addition to toluene abuse can be caused also by dietary factors, medical treatment as well as alcohol consumption, which is frequent (not only) in marginalized communities.
New insights into morphological, stereological and functional studies of the adrenal gland under exposure to the potent goitrogen thiourea
Authors: Chakraborty Arijit , Sarkar Deotima , Dey Priyanki , Chandra Amar K.
Published: August 2018

Thiourea (thiophen-3-yl-acetic acid) is a well established antithyroid drug used for treating hyperactivity of the thyroid gland as it blocks the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in peripheral tissues. Human exposures to thiourea include contaminated drinking water and vegetables for its extensive use in fertilizers. Chronic thiourea exposure can cause thyroid dysfunction leading to redox imbalance. However, such effects on morphological, quantitative, functional and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) analysis of the adrenal gland are yet to be explored. The aim was to explore the effect of thiourea on structural and functional status of the adrenocortical region with special reference to the HPA axis. Control rats were fed a normal laboratory standardized diet whereas to experimental rats, thiourea at a dose of 0.3 mg/day/Kg body weight was administered orally, once every day for consecutive 28 days. Histology and histometry, including morphometry of the adrenal, adrenal ∆5 3β HSD and 17β HSD activity, LPO level and serum corticosterone profile were assessed. Statistical significance was studied by ‘Mann-Whitney U’ test at p<0.05. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adrenocortical cells was found especially in the layer zona fasciculata (p=0.0027) and enhanced adrenal ∆5 3β HSD activity (p=0.0067) in comparison to that of the control. Increased lipid peroxidation (p=0.0054) and up-regulated corticosterone release (p=0.0064) through adrenocortical stress signalling pathway were also noted. Stereological analysis of the left adrenal gland showed significant increase in volume (p=0.0025) and mass of cells (p=0.0031) in adrenocortical region in comparison to that of control animals. This study concludes that thiourea, in addition to its antithyroidal activity, develops stress in the adrenal as evident by enhanced lipid peroxidation in the gland that in turn through the HPA axis causes hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adrenocortical cells to enhance synthesis and release of corticosterone secretion to counteract the stress developed under the influence of this potent chemical agent.
Performance of the Tube Settler Clarification at Different Inclination Angles and Variable Flow Rate
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Sofyan M.S. , Racoviteanu Gabriel
Published: August 2018

Sedimentation tanks are a major and important component of the wastewater treatment plants, where the cost of construction for traditional tanks may represent up to 30% of the total cost of the plants, as well as sedimentation tanks occupy relatively large areas and often require long retention times to separate the suspended solids from the liquid. High-rate tube settlers are one of the practical solutions for the development of treatment plants, especially sedimentation tanks, lamella systems can be used instead of conventional sedimentation basins or for upgrade and increase their capacity and efficiency. In addition to their high efficiency, they require much less space compared to conventional sedimentation tanks. The current study was developed to evaluate the performance of the tube settler and the effect of the inclination of tube settler on the effluent quality. In the practical experiments, tube settler unit consisting of four separate circular tubes of 27 mm inner diameter, with a length of 150 cm each were used at different inclination angles of 48, 54 and 60 degrees. A pilot scale model of coagulation-flocculation followed by sedimentation unit was prepared & installed at Colentina Laboratory Complex-UTCB for this purpose.
Prediction of Scour Depth Around Bridge Piers Using Evolutionary Neural Network
Authors: Ismail Abdussamad
Published: August 2018

An empirical formula based on evolutionary regression network is proposed in this paper for predicting the equilibrium depth of scour around bridge piers. The formula expresses the equilibrium scour depth as a function of variables including flow depth and mean velocity, critical flow velocity, median grain size and pier diameter. The empirical formula is developed by training and testing an evolutionary network using scour data available in the literature. The use of the evolutionary algorithm in developing the formula is informed by the need to reduce the model complexity while sacrificing its predictive accuracy. The results of performance comparisons with existing models showed that the proposed formula model produces reasonably accurate estimates of equilibrium scour depth with a much smaller number of fitting constants compared with backpropagation neural networks.
A State Space Formulation for the Evaluation of the Pounding Forces During Earthquake
Authors: Nica George Bogdan , Calofir Vasile , Corâci Ioan Cezar
Published: August 2018

In recent years, the pounding effect during earthquake is a subject of high significance for structural engineers. In this paper, a state space formulation of the equation of motion is used in a MATLAB code. The pounding forces are calculated using nonlinear viscoelastic impact element. The numerical study is performed on SDOF structures subjected by 1940 EL-Centro and 1977 Vrancea N-S recording. While most of the studies available in the literature are related to Newmark implicit time integration method, in this study the equations of motion in state space form are direct integrated. The time domain is chosen instead of the complex one in order to catch the nonlinear behavior of the structures. The physical nonlinear behavior of the structures is modeled according to the Force Analogy Method. The coupling of the Force Analogy Method with the state space approach conducts to an explicit time integration method. Consequently, the collision is easily checked and the pounding forces are taken into account into the equation of motion in an easier manner than in an implicit integration method. A comparison with available data in the literature is presented.
Universal Speed and Flux Estimator for Induction Motor
Authors: Dybkowski Mateusz
Published: August 2018

In the paper, the concept of universal speed and flux estimator with additional parameters estimators is presented. Proposed solution is based on the Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) type flux and speed estimator and can be used in different industrial systems (especially in the automotive applications). Induction Motor (IM) parameters are estimated using the systems based only on simple simulators and adaptive systems (voltage model and current model). Proposed system was tested in the sensorless induction motor drive with the Direct Field Oriented Control (DFOC) algorithm. Simulation and experimental results are presented in the paper.
Groundwater Occurrence from Hydrogeomorphological Study of Hard Rock Terrain of Part of Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Akinfemiwa Akanbi Olanrewaju
Published: August 2018

Studies of structural and hydrogeomorphological units (HGU) that are indicators of groundwater occurrence were carried out across an area extent of more than 700 km2 within the hard rock terrain of southwestern Nigeria. These studies integrated geological remote sensing techniques (RST) and geographical information system (GIS) methods to generate thematic maps that included elevation, drainage, lineaments and vegetation index for characterising the attributes of groundwater occurrence across the area. The results revealed that the lineament system is mainly rectilinear with major trends of NNW-SSE and NE-SW on the gneiss, NW-SE and NE-SW on porphyritic granite and NNE-SSW, NW-SE and E-W on migmatite. The discharge zones in the area are the lowland terrains underlain by gneiss and amphibolite. Similarly, variably directional discontinuities that are related to rock contacts are equally laden with groundwater. Conversely, the recharge areas are the high-lying terrains characterised by higher fracture density and underlain by porphyritic granite and migmatite. Additionally, there are evidences of groundwater seepage along the major river channels. Therefore, besides the rock structures, landform is another crucial factor that guides groundwater distribution in the study area.
Soil grain size analysis by the dynamometer method – a comparison to the pipette and hydrometer method
Authors: Papuga Krzysztof , Kaszubkiewicz Jarosław , Wilczewski Witold , Staś Michał , Belowski Jerzy , Kawałko Dorota
Published: August 2018

The aim of the presented work was to compare the results of grain size distribution measurement by an innovative dynamometer method, developed by the authors, with results obtained by the pipette and hydrometer methods. Repeatability of results obtained in the dynamometer method was also determined. The content of three fractions with equivalent diameters <0.002 mm, 0.002–0.063 mm and 0.063–2.0 mm was measured. The results were compared using ordinary linear regression and additionally in the repeatability analysis by RMA (reduced major axis regression). It was found that the proposed dynamometer method is characterized by good result repeatability with no systematic errors when compared with the pipette method. The RMSE (root mean square error) value when referring to the pipette method calculated for the three fractions considered in total was 4.9096 and was lower than the analogous for the hydrometer method, which amounted to 5.4577. Values of determination coefficients in the comparison of dynamometer method and pipette method are within the range of 0.9681–0.9951 for the different fractions. It was found that slightly larger differences in relation to the pipette method occurred for the fractions <0.002 mm and 0.002–0.063 mm, and smaller for the fraction 0.063–2.0 mm. Similarly, greater differences between repetitions in the dynamometer method were observed for the fraction <0.002 mm, and smaller for the 0.063–2.0 mm fraction. Possible sources of errors in the dynamometer method were discussed, as were proposals for their reduction.
Determination of Flow through Homogeneous Earth Dams with Triangular Toe Filter
Authors: Abbas Jawdat K.
Published: August 2018

Finite element method with a computer program SEEP/W were utilized to determine the "quantity" of flow through homogeneous earth dams with triangular toe filter. The effect of angle of upstream slope, angle of downstream slope, angle of toe filter, height of dam, crest width of dam, free board, length of toe filter and coefficient of permeability on the quantity of seepage were studied. The results show that, the seepage quantity decreased with increasing angle of toe filter, free board height and crest width of dam. Also, from the results can be concluded that, the flow quantity increased with increasing angle of "upstream slope", angle of "downstream slope" and length of toe filter. Using statistical analysis by a SPSS-19 program, a new empirical equation was suggested to estimate the quantity of seepage through earth dams with triangular toe filter.
Investigate the Heat Exchanger Efficiency of Hydraulic Liquid by using the Beta Test Loop
Authors: Rajab Mugdad Hamid
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to determine the performance of the heat exchanger system using the hydraulic fluid . Investigation of heat exchanger system efficiency has been done versus the flow rate on the BETA test loop. This system can be used for investigation the hydraulic thermal changing. The Sequences on this system consist of a heat exchanger circuit that serves as a heat degree reducing from the primary part to the secondary part .The test method is carried out by operating the heat exchanger system with some variations of fluid flow rate in the primary part. The efficiency of system has been determined by comparing the energy value in the primary inlet to the energy value taken out form outlet by a secondary. Obtained results indicates that the increasing of fluid flow rate in the primary part from 3.86x10-4 m3 /s to 8.23x10-4 m3 /s cause a reduction in the efficiency of the heat exchanger system of about 82% to 74%.
The Impact of Width of the Air Gap Channel on the Mass Flow Rate, Rayleigh Number, and Efficiency of Passive Solar Heating System
Authors: Abbas Ehsan F. , Azat Shayma A.
Published: August 2018

The mass flow rate and Rayleigh number has been investigated experimentally on the passive solar using Trombe wall consist of (industrial wax) used as phase change material (PCM). A test rig of a cubicle was made of PVC sandwich panel except the south wall, Trombe wall; covered with a clear glass of 6 mm thickness. The six experiments were carried out during the winter season in Kirkuk city with six different widths of the air gap channel (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35) cm. The experimental resultts show that the mass flow rate proportional directly to a width of the channel and inversely with Rayleigh number. Moreover, the highest efficiency was obtained at a depth of 30 cm, where it was about 2.45 times the efficiency of 10 cm.
Viscosity Effect on Stiffness of Non-conventional (Five Tilted Pads) Journal Bearing
Authors: Alhassany Mohammed Oawed Atteaa , Aldulaimy Ali Khalid
Published: August 2018

In this tribological study, we highlight the effect of lubricating oil viscosity in the Multi-pads hydrodynamic journal bearings generate important improvement in characteristics of stiffness and stability in the high speed turbomachines. Depending on viscosity of oil film (three values) variation for five tilted pads bearing, each pad is pivoted and is facilitated to be tilted with small angles, by using Matlab program, we calculate the oil film thickness for convergence layer. We applied Reynold's equation and solved it's numerically by using finite difference method with 5 nodes technique to find the pressure distributed on each node in the mesh of tilted pad, then calculate stiffness coefficients. Results show that there is clear effect on stiffens with viscosity change. The increase in value of Krr (for n = 0.3) between viscosity (0.04 Pas. s) and viscosity (0.058 Pas. s) is14.33 MN/m, while the increase in Krr value between viscosity (0.058 Pas. s) and viscosity (0.087 Pas. s) is 11.37 MN/m. the increase in value the of Kss (for n = 0.3) between viscosity (0.04 Pas. s) and viscosity (0.058 Pas. s) is5.921 MN/m, while increase in Kss value between viscosity (0.058 Pas. s) and viscosity (0.087 Pas. s) is9.55 MN/m respectively. the increase in value of Ksr (for n = 0.3) between viscosity (0.04 Pas. s) and viscosity (0.058 Pas. s) is 8.95 MN/m, while the increase in Ksr value between viscosity (0.058 Pas. s) and viscosity (0.087 Pas. s) is 14.41 MN/m respectively. the increase in value of Krs (for n = 0.3) between viscosity (0.04 Pas. s) and viscosity (0.058 Pas. s) are 5.08 MN/m, while the increase in Krs value between viscosity (0.058 Pas. s) and viscosity (0.087 Pas. s) is8.19 MN/m respectively. The values of the dominate principal coefficients Krr is greater than that of Ksr, also The values of the principal coefficients Kss is greater than that of cross coupling Krs for all values of viscosity that studied. From this result, we can conclude the side effect of cross coupling coefficients (Ksr ,Krs) can be overcome by great values for principal coefficient (Krr, Kss) respectively, so we can get good improvement instability for this bearing by variation the viscosity. After that, we regarded to use high viscosity lubricant in multi-pad journal bearing to improve the performance and stability by controlling the stiffness coefficients.
Performance Enhancement of a Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine using Divergent Ducting System
Authors: Jadallah Abdullateef A. , Farag Sahar R. , Hamdi Jinan D.
Published: August 2018

Ducting system is an effective way to potentially augment the performance of wind turbine for applications in building architectures. This paper is aimed to study one of the possible enhancement method of the vertical axis wind turbine performance. It is characterized by adding divergent duct to facilitate imparting more flow rate. The divergent duct was designed and adapted with wind turbine. The system was modelled and simulated analytically and numerically. A computer program built in MATLAB 16 to simulate the performance of system. The performance and flow are also solved numerically using ANSYS-FLUENT 17.2. Two opening angles of the divergent -duct were employed to study the behavior of air flow through divergent duct and results were compared with base vertical axis wind turbine. The duct turbine with a straight wall type diffuser demonstrate power coefficient augmentation by 24.2% and 9.09% for opening angle 20° and 12° respectively. The optimum half opening angle was attained for the diffuser. The diffuser’s length of a half of the throat opening is recommended, and its angle of opening is 20°. The diffuser was located in a stream-was direction that adequately aligned with the center of the vertical axis wind turbine. Results showed a reasonable influence on the performance of wind turbine. This technology may be used in gates and in urban areas with a relatively low wind speed regime.
Sistem Pakar Sebagai Alat Bantu Untuk Pendekatan Diagnosis Penyakit Thalasemia Pada Anak Menggunakan Metode Dempster-Shafer
Authors: Amelia Reza , Labellapansa Ause , Siswanto Apri
Published: August 2018

Penyakit Thalasemia adalah salah satu jenis penyakit kelainan darah bawaan. Penyakit ini biasanya ditandai dengan dengan kondisi sel darah merah (eritrosit) yang mudah rusak atau lebih pendek umurnya dari sel darah normal pada umumnya, yaitu 120 hari. Kondisi ini diturunkan orang tua kepada anaknya sejak dalam kandungan. Penelitian ini mengembangkan aplikasi sistem pakar yang dapat melakukan diagnosa penyakit Thalasemia pada anak dengan menerapkan metode Dempster Shafer pada proses diagnosa gejala-gejala dari penyakit yang menyertai penyakit Thalasemia. Metode Dempster Shafer digunakan sebagai metode untuk menghitung nilai kepercayaan atas gejala-gejala yang dipilih. Dengan cara membandingkan setiap nilai bobot dari 2 gejala awal yang dipilih untuk seterusnya dibandingkan dengan nilai bobot gejala-gejala lain. Sehingga menghasilkan gejala baru yang mengarah kepada suatu penyakit disertai dengan nilai keyakinannya. Hasil implementasi sistem dengan persentase 76% menunjukkan bahwa sistem pakar ini mampu mendiagnosa awal jenis penyakit Thalasemia yang diderita oleh anak disertai dengan nilai keyakinan dan solusi yang tepat untuk jenis penyakit yang diderita.
Correlation between theory of internal esteem need of Maslow’s Hierarchy and Speaking ability of the students at English Study Program FKIP-UIR Pekanbaru
Authors: Nawir Erna
Published: August 2018

Internal Esteem Need is one of the important motivations that affect students’ achievement in learning as their internal motivations. This paper addresses a study of finding out whether any significant correlation between theory of internal esteem of Maslow and the students’ speaking ability at English Study Program FKIP UIR Pekanbaru. The population is all the fifth (5th) year of English students of English Study Program FKIP UIR who have just taken Speaking 2 (Scientific Discussion) in the second semester with 40 students randomly chosen as sample. A questionnaire of 42 statements were constructed from the indicators of internal esteem of Maslow’s theory and the students’ final grade on their chosen subject were taken to find out the students’ internal esteem and their speaking ability. The result of the study showed that there is no significant relationship between the students’ internal esteem toward their speaking ability.
Developing Cooperative Learning Based Module for Teaching Reading to the Second Semester Students at English Department of FKIP UIR
Authors: Novitri Safriani
Published: August 2018

This research is designed to develop the students’ reading comprehension of narrative, descriptive and hortatory exposition texts by using cooperative learning based-module. It aims to explainthe current needs, to design and toexamine the validity and practicality of cooperative learning based-module in developing reading comprehension at the second-semester Students in English Department of FKIP – UIR. The design of this research is R & D approach by using ADDIE model. The sample was selected from second semester students at English Department of FKIP UIR. Five validators involved in evaluating the product to evaluate its the validity, and the practicality. The quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire and test and qualitative data were collected through an interview. To develop the learning material to be givento students, the researcher tried to find out the need analysis, the validity, and the practicality of her product in designing and implementing readingin cooperative learning based-module. Based on the research finding of this research was considered valid and practice and it can be used to develop the quality of students in reading comprehension.
Students' Ability in Writing Hortatory Exposition of Eleventh Grade Students at SMAN 14 Pekanbaru
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: August 2018

This research represents the descriptive research to describe students’ ability of eleventh grade students at SMAN 14 Pekanbaru in writing hortatory exposition text. The total number of eleventh grade students at SMAN 14 Pekanbaru in academic year 2015/2016 was 210 students that consisted of 7 classes. In this research, the researcher used ‘cluster random sampling technique” to choose the sample, and the total sample of this research amount to 30 students. The data was collected through writing test, where the students were asked to write a hortatory exposition text based on the topics that were provided by researcher of this research. The test was done around 90 minutes for every time of the test. The students’ entire test was scored by two persons as scorers of this research. Those two scores gave scores to the students’ test based on the criteria in the instrumentation of this research. The result showed that the student’ ability in writing hortatory exposition text was categorized “average to good”. It can be proven by the average of students’ writing test score that was 61.65 that cannot achieve the passing grade yet.

 

Key words: Writing Ability, Hortatory Exposition Text
Applying Mind’s Eye Strategy to Improve Students' Reading Comprehension at the Second Year Students of SMAN Binaan Khusus Dumai
Authors: Barruansyah Rauf Tetuko
Published: August 2018

Based on the writer’s preliminary study, it was found that the students reading comprehension was not reach the standard score. This problem was caused by some factors, for examples; the way of teaching was not suitable with the material, the level of text difficulty was too “high”. Hence, the writer was interested in carrying out the research. It was administered at SMAN Binaan Khusus Dumai. The subject of the research was the second year students, and the object of this research was the Effect of applying Mind’s Eye strategy. The design of this research was Quasi-experimental design. In collecting the data, writer used test. The population of this research was all of the second year students. The writer used cluster random sampling by taking two classes as sample; XI IPS.1 consisted of 32 students as experimental group, and XI IPS.2 consisted of 32 students as control group. To analyze the data, the writer adopted independent sample t-test formula by using SPSS 20 version. Based on the data analysis, consideration Sig (2 tailed) t0= 0,00 is lower than Sig (2 tailed) Ttable= 0.05 It means Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. So, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference of using mind’s eye strategy to improve students’ reading comprehension at SMAN Binaan Khusus Dumai.

Keywords: Minds’ Eye Strategy, Reading Comprehension.
Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde endotrakeal tüp tespitinde kullanılan yöntemler
Authors: ALTUN UĞRAŞ Gülay , ÇAM Tuğba
Published: August 2018

Yoğun bakım üniteleri (YBÜ), yaşamı tehdit altında olan
bireylere, olabilecek en üst düzeyde yarar sağlamak amacıyla kullanılan çok
sayıda yaşam kurtarıcı teknolojik araç gereçlerin bulunduğu, disiplinler arası
bir ekip yaklaşımının zorunlu olduğu bakım merkezleridir. YBÜ’nde kendi
solunumunu yapamayan hastalara yapay havayolu, hastaya ağızdan ya da burundan
takılan endotrakeal tüp (ET) adı verilen bir araç ile sağlanır. YBÜ’nde ET’ün tespitinde, ET tüp tutucu gibi ticari yöntem ya
da yapışkan bant, gazlı bez gibi ticari olmayan yöntem kullanılabilir. YBÜ’nde
yatan entübe hastalarda, ET tespiti ve
hareketinin önlenmesi önemli bir hemşirelik uygulamasıdır. Komplikasyonlar ve
planlanmamış ekstübasyon, yoğun bakım hastaları için istenmeyen ve ölümcül
durumlardır. Yoğun bakım hemşireleri bu olumsuz durumların görülmemesi/azaltılması için,
entübe hastalara bakım verirken ET’ü güvenli şekilde tespit etme, hasta için
uygun ET tespit yöntemini seçme, ET’e bağlı
cilt bütünlüğünde bozulma riski açısından cildi gözleme ve enfeksiyonun
önlenebilmesi amacıyla kontaminasyon durumunda tespit materyalinin
değişimi/bakımını gerçekleştirmeden sorumludur. Bu sistematik derlemede,
yetişkin yoğun bakım hastalarında ET tespitinde kullanılan ticari ve ticari
olmayan yöntemler güncel literatür doğrultusunda irdelenerek, yoğun bakım
hemşirelerine ET tespitine bağlı gelişebilecek komplikasyonların önlenmesine yönelik rehberlik edecek
bilgilerin sunulması amaçlandı.
Analysis of the fatigue cracks development in crane girders and assessment of their residual life
Authors: Moskvichev V. V. , Chaban E. A.
Published: August 2018

The results of analysis of the residual life of crane girders with operational defects based on numerical studies of the stress-strain state, equations of limiting states, and kinetic dependences of the fatigue crack development, based on the criteria of deformation and fracture mechanics are presented. High level of wear of the fixed capital assets of engineering constructions and metal structures as well as operation of the facilities in beyond-design-basis terms contribute to origination of the emergency situations caused by damage accumulation. Crane girders operated under emergency conditions due to the fatigue cracks of different lengths present in the most dangerous zones of the beam wall with an eccentric application of crane load are studied. The results of the numerical experiment revealed the lines of tension intensity impact at the crack tip appeared at the upper zone of the wall at different values of the loading eccentricity attributed to the rail shift from the vertical axis of the beam. The dependence of the length of the fatigue crack and stress intensity in the crack tip on the number of load cycles of the beam is determined. To assess the bearing capacity of crane girders operated in emergency conditions, it is suggested to use the effective values of the stress intensity factors calculated for the specific loading conditions, taking into account the structural features of the beams, size of the fatigue cracks and their location in the crane girders. Proceeding from the results of analysis the diagrams which provide of the remaining residual life of crane girders with a crack are constructed. Using traditional methods of structure calculation for cyclic fracture toughness we developed and implemented the calculation algorithm for individual lifetime of the crane girders which includes the obligatory analysis of the stress-strain state of the crane girders with a crack at the upper zone of the wall.
Editorial
Authors: Souza Reis Cristiane
Published: August 2018

Editorial.
Os nacionalismos religiosos no Padroado português do Oriente
Authors: De Souza Teotónio R.
Published: August 2018

Este artigo procura apontar para os sentimentos e expressões nacionalistas dos missionários que serviram o Padroado português na Ásia. Nota-se que estes sentimentos e comportamentos eram mais notórios entre os missionários portugueses, mais do que entre os missionários de origem italiana, alemã e francesa. O estudo deixa em aberto as conclusões finais por requerem investigação mais aprofundada, mas traz evidência significativa para defender que os missionários portugueses manifestavam fortes sentimentos nacionalistas e defendiam os seus privilégios nacionais. Isto não se limita ao período da unificação das coroas na península ibérica durante 1580-1640, mas precede e contínua até ao fim do colonialismo português na Ásia, confirmando assim que o Padroado sempre foi uma arma da expansão portuguesa na era dos Descobrimentos, e foi um instrumento da sobrevivência do colonialismo português.
Clem Tisdell and Priyatosh Maitra (eels.). Technological Change, Development and the Environment: Socia-economic Perspective. London: Routledge, 1988. 351 pp.£ 30.00 (Hardbound).
Authors: A. R. Kemal
Published: August 2018

This book is a collection of 15 papers presented to the Fourth Congress of Social Economics held at Toronto in 1986, which was organized by the International Institute of Social Economics, Hull, England. The papers relate to the appropriateness, the development and the dissemination of technology, and the effect of technological change on social environment. The book highlights various issues which include, among others, the extent to which socially appropriate technology is being developed and applied in both the developing and the developed countries; the control of developing countries over the application of the most appropriate technology; the impact of information-jntensive technologies on family work, both within the home and at the workplace; changes in service industries in response to the advancement in telecommunications technologies; probable characteristics of future technological developments and their social consequences; the problems encountered by the developing countries in their development process due to their late start; environmental and social problems given rise by technological developments; and new dimensions in the analysis of increases in productivity.
Shorter Notices
Authors: Sahiba Ibrahim
Published: August 2018

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Diyabetik Koroner Arter Hastalarında Bypass Operasyonu ve Stent Uygulamalarında Yaş Faktörünün Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Güven Cengiz , Ege Erdal
Published: August 2018

Amaç : Bu çalışmada diyabetik koroner arter
hastalarında bypass ve stent uygulamalarında yaşın erken dönem yaşam kalitesi
üzerine etkilerini karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.      Gereç ve Yöntem:  Çalışmaya Konya Üniversitesi Meram Tıp
Fakültesi Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi Merkezinde 01.07.2011-31.01.2012 tarihleri
arasında opere olan ve Kardiyoloji 
kliniğinde perkütan transkatater koroner anjiyoplasti-stent yapılan
diyabetik 85’şer hasta alındı. Preoperatif rutin biyokimyasal testler (AKŞ ve
HbA1c)  incelenerek diyabetik hastalar
seçildi. Stent uygulanan ve opere olan hastalar 
60>yaş  ve 60≤yaş  olarak 2 gruba ayrılarak Short Form-36 anketi
uygulandı.       Bulgular: Bypass ve stent uygulanan
hastalar yaşa göre yaşam kalitesi alt boyutları karşılaştırıldığında fiziksel
rol de anlamlı farklılık tespit edilirken(p<0,05), fiziksel işlev,
ağrı,genel sağlık algısı, yaşamsallık, sosyal işlev, mental rol,ve mental
sağlık arasında anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır (p>0,05).      Sonuç:
Diyabetik hastalarda yaşa göre erken dönem yaşam kalitesi incelendiğinde
fiziksel rol de stent uygulamalarının daha etkili olduğu görülmektedir.

     Anahtar Kelimeler:
SF-36, Diyabet, Koroner arter baypas cerrahisi, Perkütan
Transkatater Koroner Anjiyoplasti