bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on the diversity of endophytic actinobacteria communities from Ficus deltoidea using metagenomic and culture-dependent approaches
Authors: JANATININGRUM ISRA , SOLIHIN DEDY DURYADI , MERYANDINI ANJA , LESTARI YULIN
Published: October 2018

Janatiningrum I, Solihin DD, Meryandini A, Lestari Y. 2018. Comparative study on the diversity of endophytic actinobacteria communities from Ficus deltoidea using metagenomic and culture-dependent approaches. Biodiversitas 19: 1514-1520. Actinobacteria endophytes of medicinal plants may play an essential role in producing a variety of critical bioactive compounds. However, the possible contribution of such actinobacteria to the pharmacological properties of traditional herbal remedies remains mostly unknown. For example, the diversity and attributes of actinobacteria endophytes in Ficus deltoidea, a small tree species that has long been used to treat diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular illnesses, have not been explored. Here, the actinobacteria endophyte community structure in F. deltoidea was investigated using both culture-dependent and metagenomics approaches. Based on morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene analysis, the dominant culturable actinobacteria isolates exhibited a close relationship with Streptomyces. The metagenomic technique using PCR-DGGE analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed the presence of 11 OTUs in F. deltoidea tissue. Whereas the dominant culturable actinobacteria endophytes in F. deltoidea was Streptomyces, the metagenomic approach showed non-Streptomyces, particularly Rhodococccus and Verrucosispora, to be also important. Thus, results from both culture-dependent and metagenomic approaches provided useful indicators on the diversity and community structure of actinobacteria endophytes in F. deltoidea.
Short Communication: First report of Thalamoporella rozieri (Bryozoa: Thalamoporellidae) from Andaman waters with reference to its epibiotic colonization on marine sponges
Authors: NAUFAL MOHAMMED , JAYARAJ K.A.
Published: October 2018

Naufal M, Jayaraj KA. 2018. Short Communication: First report of Thalamoporella rozieri (Bryozoa: Thalamoporellidae) from Andaman waters with reference to its epibiotic colonization on marine sponges. Biodiversitas 19: 1521-1526. Bryozoans are aquatic, sessile, colonial, fouling invertebrates, which are found in most marine habitats. Considering the ecological and economic consequence due to the biofouling behavior of bryozoans, a far-reaching study has been carried out on it throughout the world. However, Andaman waters are lacking the bryozoan research for last nine decades. A study on the bryozoan distribution in the littoral region in the eastern coasts of the Andaman Islands was carried out during August 2016. This is the first study on the intertidal bryozoans of Andaman Islands and identified a new report of bryozoan Thalamoporella rozieri from Andaman and Nicobar Waters. Tuberosities in the present T. rozieri colonies are large. The minute calcareous spicules are also examined. Our study has also come across an interesting association in which the epibiont bryozoan T. rozieri adhere to the basibiont sponge Placospongia sp on a big rock. The colony of epizoic T. rozieri on the sponge was lengthier and continuous than on other inert host substrata. This may be because of active substrate selection by settling larvae. As both are filter feeders, no deleterious effect was noticed either in the basibiont side of Placospongia or in the epibiont side of T. rozieri.
Short Communication: Genetic variability, heritability, correlation, and path analysis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under shading condition
Authors: RITONGA ARYA WIDURA , CHOZIN M. ACHMAD , SYUKUR MUHAMAD , MAHARIJAYA AWANG , SOBIR SOBIR
Published: October 2018

Authors. 2018. Genetic variability, heritability, correlation, and path analysis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under shading condition. Biodiversitas 19: 1527-1531. Information on genetic variability, heritability and character association between quantitative characters with yield are crucial in crop improvement. Eighteen genotypes of tomato were evaluated to study the quantitative genetic of yield and various yield attributing character under shading condition at Pasir Kuda Station, Bogor Agriculture University, West Java, Indonesia from August 2016 until January 2017. The result showed that plant height, dichotomous height, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruit per plant, and the fruit set had broad genetic variability and high heritability. Characters with broad genetic variability and high heritability can be used as sources in shading tolerance tomato improvement. Fruit weight and fruit number per plant had significant positive correlation coefficient and direct positive effect on fruit yield per plant. It is, therefore, recommended that fruit weight and fruit of number per plant should be given due importance in selection to develop shading tolerance variety in tomato
Modeling the predicted suitable habitat distribution of Javan hawk-eagle Nisaetus bartelsi in the Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: NURSAMSI ILYAS , PARTASASMITA RUHYAT , CUNDANINGSIH NURVITA , RAMADHANI HASNA SILMI
Published: October 2018

Nursamsi I, Partasasmita R, Cundaningsih N, Ramadhani HS. 2018. Modeling the predicted suitable habitat distribution of Javan hawk-eagle Nisaetus bartelsi in the Java Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1539-1551. Javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) is an endemic raptor of Java Island. The conservation status of Javan hawk-eagle (JHE) according to IUCN is endangered (EN) and included in CITES Appendix II list, and this species is also protected by the Indonesian government law based on act no. 5, year 1990. The position of Javan hawk-eagle as a top predator is now very threatened by habitat fragmentation, wildlife trade, and the declining quality of its habitat. The primary purpose of this study was to give preliminary information about the distribution of predicted suitable habitat for JHE as a means of finding potential releasing sites, as an evaluation for habitat protection, and even as an option for the development of new JHE protected areas. However, mapping the spatial distribution of potential habitat for JHE using terrestrial survey is problematic because it requires enormous time, fund, and human resources. The most possible approach is by using Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM)/species distribution modeling (SDM). In this study, modeling exercise was conducted by using a maximum entropy method as an adaptation from Maxent software ver. 3.4.1, with the utilization of JHE-nest coordinate data and 16 environmental variables datasets as the main input. The predicted suitable habitat distribution map has shown a good match with historical and present records of JHE and has fairly succeeded in capturing a wide range of habitat patches from tiny spots to quite large suitable habitat. Modeling results also showed that altitude, annual mean temperature, and two types of land cover (closed shrub, and forest area) are considered to be most important variables affecting the distribution of potential habitat for JHE. Moreover, about 17.77% (23,209 km2) area of Java Island has been projected to be suitable for Havan Hawk-Eagle's habitat, which mostly spread in mountainous areas while also appear in several lowland areas. This study suggests the importance of topographic, climatic, and land cover as pivotal predictors in determining the suitability of habitat for JHE. This study also shows that the modeling results have a good match with the historical records of JHE across the island, which suggests the overall accuracy of the model.
The diversity of chemical compounds of bilih fish body (Mystacoleucus padangensis) originating from Lake Toba and Lake Singkarak, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: RAZAK ABDUL
Published: October 2018

Razak A. 2018. The diversity of chemical compounds of bilih fish body (Mystacoleucus padangensis Bleeker) originating from Lake Toba and Lake Singkarak, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1552-1557. Bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) is an endemic fish in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra. Bilih fish in Lake Singkarak experiencing pressure due to human activities that destroy the habitat of this fish in Lake Singkarak. The improvement of bilih fish habitat conducted by the government by introducing bilih fish to Lake Toba for bilih fish preservation. The purpose of this study is to describe the diversity of chemical compounds and their relation to several ecological factors that influence bilih fish in Lake Toba and Lake Singkarak. The research method is survey method. Bilih fish taken at three to four points on both Lakes. The distance between sample points is 8000 m. The result of this research is to find the morphology of bilih fish from Lake Toba bigger than bilih Lake Singkarak fish. The bilih fish Fins of Lake Toba have a 52.08% CaO compound (per 100 ppm sample), the fins of Lake Singkarak have a 53% CaO compound higher than Lake Toba, 51%. The content of Bilih Lake Toba fish muscle has P2O5 compounds 34,48% higher than Lake Singkarak with P2O5 34.58% higher, Bilih Danau Toba fish bone has CaO 57.66%, from Lake Singkarak 60,83%. Bilih Lake Toba has 97.32% Fluoride compound, higher than Lake Singkarak 98.43%. The ecological conditions in Lake Toba are relatively similar to the condition of the waters in Lake Singkarak.
Plankton and benthos similarity indices as indicators of the impact of mangrove plantation on the environmental quality of silvofishery ponds
Authors: HASTUTI ENDAH DWI , HASTUTI RINI BUDI , DARMANTI SRI
Published: October 2018

Hastuti ED, Hastuti RB, Darmanti S. 2018. Plankton and benthos similarity indices as indicators of the impact of mangroveplantation on the environmental quality of silvofishery ponds. Biodiversitas 19: 1558-1567. This research was carried out in a coastalarea of Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia. It aimed to study the composition of plankton and benthos communities in silvofisheryponds, and to analyze the similarity in plankton and benthos composition between ponds as an indicator of variation in pondenvironmental quality. Nine pond treatments were sampled for their plankton and benthos composition. The nine treatments consisted ofa factorial combination of three mangrove species assemblages (Avicennia marina (M1), Rhizophora mucronata (M2), and a mixture ofboth (M3)) at three mangrove populations (5 trees (S1), 10 trees (S2), and 15 trees (S3)). Similarity index analysis was conducted tomeasure the impact of treatments on the plankton and benthos communities. The total number of plankton species identified inobservation periods in May, July and September of 2016, were 23, 16 and 21 species repectively, while for the benthos there were eightsomewhat different species identified in each of the three observation periods. Fluctuation in plankton and benthos composition tendedto achieve a balance in richness by the time of the the third observation period. Diatoms, particularly Gyrosigma sp., were the mostwidely distributed plankton in the first and third observation periods, while Pyramidella sulcata was the only well-distributed benthosspecies in the three observation periods. Pairwise similarity indices between treatments ranged from 0% to 62.5% for plankton and from16.7% to 100% for benthos. The results of the investigation suggested that mangrove species affected plankton and benthos speciesrichness in this initial stage of a silvofishery development: plankton composition appeared to be richer in ponds with A. marina, whilebenthos was richer in ponds with R. mucronata.
Farmers perception and utilization status of improved forages grown in the natural resource areas of northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: SHIFERAW MULUKEN , ASMARE BIMREW , TEGEGNE FIREW , MOLLA DESSALEGN
Published: October 2018

Shiferaw M, Asmare B, Tegegne F, Molla D. 2018. Farmers perception and utilization status of improved forages grown in the natural resource areas of northwestern Ethiopia. Biodiversitas 19: 1568-1578. A study on the perception and utilization of improved forages grown in natural resource conservation areas was conducted in selected districts of northwestern Ethiopia. This study aims to investigate the perception of improved forage production and utilization system on natural resource conservation areas in selected areas of northwestern Ethiopia. Primary data was collected from selected households by interviewing using semi-structured questionnaire. Field observation and focus group discussion were also employed to enhance the survey data. A total of 180 households (90 from each district) were selected and interviewed. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using SPSS software version 20. The result indicated that the average land and livestock holding of respondents were 2.24 ha and 5.56 TLU per household, respectively. The most common forage production methods used by the smallholder farmers were broadcasting (41%), cutting (28%) and row seedling (18%) for both districts. For the majority of respondents (44%), the purpose of forage production of respondents was for animal fodder. Farmers in the study areas had a good perception about improved forage production as forages due have multifunction to the household in the form of soil conservation, fodder production, and income generation. Though improved forages have many roles in the livelihood and environmental management of the study districts, respondents had problems of skill in production and utilization of forages. This study elucidates that, relevant development and research interventions such as management and utilization of improved forage production should be the future direction of research and development. Sustainable forage development and use for nature conservation and is becoming very important to be a livestock feed source if cut and carry system is regularly applied.
Short Communication: Macrofungal diversity in Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Laguna, Philippines: with floristic update on roadside samples in Makiling Botanic Gardens (MBG)
Authors: NACUA ALMA E. , M. PACIS HAZEL YOY , MANALO JEFFREY R. , M. SORIANO CARIZA JANE , N. TOSOC NIKKI ROSE , PADIROGAO ROBERT , E. CLEMENTE KEN JOSEPH , DEOCARIS CUSTER C.
Published: October 2018

Nacua AE,  Pacis HJM, Manalo JR, Soriano CJM, Tosoc NRN, Padirogao R, Clemente KJE, Deocaris CC. 2018. Macrofungal diversity in Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Laguna, Philippines: with floristic update on roadside samples in Makiling Botanic Gardens (MBG). Biodiversitas 19: 1579-1585. The Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) stands as a highly biodiverse habitat and the only intact natural forest near Metro Manila, the Philippines. It is one of the 18 key centers of plant biodiversity and 32 key ecotourism sites in the Philippines. In monitoring the implementation plans for protecting MMFR, the information pertaining to the mushroom biodiversity across decades is important. Therefore, we aim to study mushroom as an indicator for biodiversity since there has been studies in the past 30 years on the macrofungi of MMFR which we summarized here along with ours. Sampling was done in August 2017 based on the transect line of 1000 m along roadsides of Makiling Botanic Gardens (MBG). The distribution of the sampling units was carried-out using random and stratified sampling. Our study describes 21 macrofungal taxa collected from MMFR. Of these, 20 taxa belong to Basidiomycota and only one belongs to Ascomycota. Polyporaceae was found as the most dominant macrofungi family (24%). There were six (6) species that are medicinal, and no poisonous species noted. There are eleven (11) species in this study which are unique records compared with previous studies done in the macrofungi of MMFR. This is the first study done comparing mushroom across 30 years on a reserved area. Information on these macrofungal flora across time serves as a reference for the currently existing conservation efforts and implementation of biodiversity-related policies in MMFR.
Interspecies and intraspecies genetic diversity of Ongole Grade cattle and Madura cattle based on microsatellite DNA markers
Authors: SUTARNO SUTARNO , KURNIANINGRUM NINA , HERAWATI ELISA , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: October 2018

Sutarno, Kurnianingrum N, Herawati E, Setyawan AD. 2018. Interspecies and intraspecies genetic diversity of Ongole Grade cattle and Madura cattle based on microsatellite DNA markers. Biodiversitas 19: 1593-1600. DNA microsatellite has been extensively employed for estimating the degree of kinship between genotypes and improving the quality of cattle products. Microsatellite markers are short-patterned DNA sequences and repeated tandem (sequentially) with 2-5 nucleotide units scattering the entire genome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic characteristics of inter and intraspecies of Ongole Grade cattle and Madura cattle using microsatellite DNA markers. Blood samples from 20 individuals of each species were extracted by the method referring to Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega, USA) and PCR amplification was performed using 5 microsatellite loci, i.e., BM1824, ETH225, INRA005, MM12, and TGLA227. Results of the genetic characteristics of both species were calculated using the POPGENE program version 1.31. The data suggest that there is a genetic diversity of inter and intraspecies of Ongole Grade cattle and Madura cattle. The average value of Shannon's Information Index (I) at all microsatellite loci for Ongole Grade cattle was 0.76 and for Madura cattle was 1.12. Meanwhile, the average interspecies I value was 1.03. The mean intraspecies Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of Ongole Grade and Madura cattle was 0.43, and 0.63, respectively, and the mean interspecies PIC value was 0.57. The data altogether suggest that all loci meet the standards as being informative markers in the assessment of genetic population because it has a PIC value> 0.5 especially for intraspecies of Madura cattle.
Short Communication: The species diversity and composition of roadside trees in five cities in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: WIRYONO WIRYONO , YANSEN YANSEN , ADITYA ADITYA , LAMHOT DAVID JUARA , HUTAHAEAN JURIAH
Published: October 2018

Wiryono, Yansen, Aditya, Lamhot DJ, Hutahaean J. 2018. Short Communication: The species diversity and composition of roadside trees in five cities in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1615-1621. Roadside trees make living in a city more enjoyable due to their aesthetic values and ecosystem services. The ecological benefits of roadside trees may be enhanced by increasing the species diversity and the proportion of native species. The objective of this study was to know the species diversity and composition of roadside trees in the cities of Palembang, Bengkulu, Curup, Pematang Siantar and Argamakmur, in Sumatra Island, Indonesia, varying in size and altitude. Data of trees were collected from selected streets and analyzed to determine the species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener index of diversity (Hʹ) and Ellenberg index of community similarity (ISE). The results showed that the species richness in a city ranged from 7 to 26, with the diversity index between 1.05 and 2.08. The large and medium cities had higher S and Hʹ. More introduced species were found, both in number of species and number of individuals, than the native ones. The similarity among cities in species composition ranged from 47 to 82%. Overall, Swietenia macrophylla, an introduced species, was the most abundant species. The S and Hʹ values of all cities were considered low and the composition of tree species did not support the conservation of native species. It is, therefore, essential to increase the species diversity of street trees, especially by planting native species.
Short Communication: Novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5'UTR of Bovine Heat Shock Protein 70 (bHSP70) Gene and its association with Service per Conception (S/C) of Pasundan cattle
Authors: SAID SYAHRUDDIN , BAYU PUTRA WIDYA PINTAKA
Published: October 2018

Said S, Putra WPB. 2018. Short Communication: Novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5'UTR of Bovine Heat Shock Protein 70 (bHSP70) Gene and its association with Service per Conception (S/C) of Pasundan cattle. Biodiversitas 19: 1622-1625. Heat stress in the livestock reduces reproductive traits, including of service per conception (S/C). The influence of heat stress in livestock can be handled through molecular selection. One of the candidate genes that is affecting heat stress tolerance is Bovine Heat Shock Protein 70 (bHSP70) gene. This research was carried out to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the 5'UTR of bHSP70 gene from 44 heads of Pasundan cows at breeding station (BPPIBT-SP Ciamis, West Java). Research showed that 18 SNPs were detected with sequencing method. The insertion mutation was detected in all animal studied and occurred at position between g.1112 and g.1113. The moderate of polymorphic informative content (PIC) were detected in two SNPs of g.1117G/A and g.1125A/C. Preliminary analysis showed that haplotype of two homozygote genotype combination from both SNPs had better of S/C value of than the others (P<0.01). Moreover, the average of S/C value in heterozygote genotype seems higher than homozygote genotype. However, the further research for clarification of this research results through large number of observation is important. It was concluded that two SNPs of g.1117G/A and g.1125A/C are potential as marker-assisted selection (MAS) for reproductive traits in Pasundan cows because of moderate PIC value.
Carbon storage variability in seagrass meadows of Marine Poton Bako, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: RAHMAN FIRMAN ALI , QAYIM IBNUL , WARDIATNO YUSLI
Published: October 2018

Rahman FA, Qayim I, Wardiatno Y. 2018. Carbon storage variability in seagrass meadows of Marine Poton Bako, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1626-1631. The increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration in the last decades leads to global warming, having an adverse effect on the environment condition on the Earth. One of the natural mechanism as an effort to reduce the impact of global warming is carbon absorption and storage through photosynthesis mechanism of seagrass vegetation. Research conducted at Poton Bako, a district in East Lombok was aimed to reveal the composition of seagrass species, density, seagrass coverage, the biomass of seagrass tissue, content of carbon storage in seagrass tissue (above and below substrates), carbon content in seagrass sediments, and estimation of carbon stock in the area. The research included observation of species composition, and the sample was collected from 0.5 m × 0.5 m plot area. The total plot area was 36 on six lanes with the space between plots 25 m and between lanes 100 m. Six species from two families were found in the seagrass meadows, i.e., Cymodocea rotundata, Enhalus acoroides, Halophila minor, Holodule uninervis, Thalassia hemprichii and Thalassodendron ciliatum. The three highest total densities were C. rotundata 214.67±110.469 stands m-2, T. hemprichii 85.11±41.471 stands m-2, and H. minor 42.22±44.204 stands m-2. Species with the highest coverage value at all observation plots was C. rotundata (33.47±26.748 %), and T. ciliatum had the lowest value (2.12±5.071 %). The total biomass was 676.32 g DW m-2 with biomass above substrate 329.94±57.725 g DW m-2 and below substrate 654.88±81.199 g DW m-2. The carbon content of substrate ranged from 0.11% to 0.51% with the average of 0.35±0.081%, which was categorized low. The total average of carbon storage in seagrass was 447.92 g C m-2 comprising 142.77 g C m-2 of their tissue above substrate and 305.15 g C m-2 below substrate. Regarding the area, the total carbon stored in seagrass meadows with 56.65 ha area was 249.27 t C ha-1.
Short Communication: Habitat characterization of Aristolochia baetica L. in Tessala Mount, Western Algeria
Authors: ZAHRA HAKEMI , ZOHEIR MEHDADI , KOUIDER CHERIFI , AMEL AISSET
Published: October 2018

Zahra H, Zoheir M, Ali L, Kouider C, Amel A. 2018. Short Communication: Habitat characterization of Aristolochia baetica L. in Tessala Mount, Western Algeria. Biodiversitas 19: 1632-1641. The aim of the current investigation was to study the characterization of the habitat of Aristolochia baetica L., an Ibero-Mauretanian species, present in Tessala Mount (West of Algeria). Twenty-four phytoecological surveys were realized on eight stations (St1-St8) in which the species is present. The floristic inventory allowed us to identify 68 species which are part of the floristic of A. Baetica, distributed in 31 botanical families; 6 biological and 19 biogeographical types. The assessment of edaphic and plant data using correspondence factor analysis (CFA) and hierarchical ascending classification (HAC) showed that A. baetica is a member of plant training of scrublands and grows especially in stations at low heights with a high rate of limestone.
Phenotypic variation and genetic alteration of Spathoglottis plicata resulted from in vitro cultured seed irradiated with X-Ray
Authors: ALOYSIUS SUYITNO , PURWANTORO AZIZ , DEWI KUMALA , SEMIARTI ENDANG
Published: October 2018

Aloysius S, Purwantoro A, Dewi K, Semiarti E.. 2018. Phenotypic variation and genetic alteration of Spathoglottis plicata resulted from in vitro cultured seed irradiated with X-Ray. Biodiversitas 19: 1642-1648. A terrestrial orchid species among genus Spathoglottis as widely cultivated is S. plicata. Variability development of the species through mutation induction has been carried out, but its morphological variations and genetic changes have not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to identify the phenotypic variation and genetic alteration of S. plicata resulted from in vitro cultured seed irradiated with X-ray. Radiation was given at the doses of 0; 6; 12; 18 and 24 rad. The samples were surviving plants resulted from irradiated seeds. Phenotypic variations observed were the number, length and width of the leaf, number of tiller, and flower characteristics. Genetic alteration was detected from DNA homologous POH1, a key gene determining of shoot morphogenesis. Results show that there are variations of leaf color, length and width of the leaf, and the number of the tiller. Plants start to flower at the age of 30 months. The plants flowering reach 64.7% (WT), 50.0% (6 rad), 33.3% (12 rad), 33.3% (18 rad), and 40% (24 rad). Flower color is ranged from white, white slightly purple, purplish white, light purple, reddish purple and purple, found both in mutants and wild-type groups. The alignment result of POH1 homologous DNA obtained from PCR cDNA shows the nucleotide differences at some points between mutants and wild-type that indicate the occurrence of DNA alteration. X-ray induces the changes of POH1 homologous DNA, but it has no obvious relationship to the flower variation.
Diversity and abundance of termites along altitudinal gradient and slopes in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: RATIKNYO HERY , AHMAD INTAN , BUDIYANTO BAMBANG HERU
Published: October 2018

Pratiknyo H, Ahmad I, Bambang Heru Budianto BH. 2018. Diversity and abundance of termites along altitudinal gradient and slopes in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1649-1658. A study on diversity and abundance of termites along an altitudinal gradient and the different slope was done in plantation forest of Mount Slamet. This research aimed to define the species composition along the altitudinal gradient and slope and to define the environmental factors affecting it. The sampling of termites was carried out following standardized belt transects (100 m x 2 m) laid vertically on the altitude of 700 up to 1300 m asl on four slopes. Each 100 m length of the belt transects was divided into 20 sections (5 m x 2 m), and termites were taken in each section from the trees, branches, barks and the ground. Data of termites composition were analyzed for diversity index (Shanon-Wiener, H') and domination index (Simson, D); the correlation among environmental factors with the family were analyzed by multivariate correlation, and then a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to define the most associated environmental factor to the diversity and abundance of termites. A total of 7349 individuals belonging to 11 species in nine genera, five subfamilies, and two families were recorded. Four wood feeder species were Schedorinotermes javanicus, Macrotermes gilvus, Odontotermes javanicus and Microtermes insperatus, while humus feeder was Capritermes samarangi, Procapritermes stiger, Nasutitermes matangensis, N. matangensiformis, Bulbitermes spp., and the soil feeders were PeriCapritermes javanicus and P. dolichocephalus. Based on the Shanon-Wiener index, the Western Slope was the highest in diversity with five main environmental factors (altitudes, maximal rainfall, N content, manure application and light intensity) the most influencing while the CCA ordination showed that the canopy closure and light intensity were the most associated factor to the diversity and abundance of termites. In conclusion, the slopes caused the species richness differently with the most associated environmental factors was the canopy closure and light intensity.
Dracorhodin: A potential marker compound for detecting the presence of dragon’s blood resin from Daemonorops originated from Indonesia
Authors: WALUYO TOTOK KARTONO , WIBOWO SANTIYO
Published: October 2018

Waluyo TK, Wibowo S. 2018. Dracorhodin: A potential marker compound for detecting the presence of dragon’s blood resin from Daemonorops originated from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1665-1671. Dragon's blood typifies as red-colored resin, which is presented by several plant genus, i.e., Dracaena, Daemonorops, Croton, and Pterocarpus. In Indonesia, dragon's blood is originated from Daemonorops which grows scattered in Sumatera and Kalimantan islands. Relevantly, this study was conducted to identify the specific compounds of dragon's blood originated from Indonesia's Daemonorops. Dragon's blood test samples were originated from 16 different towns in Indonesia, which are known as the center of dragon's blood-production. The samples were in powder and solid formation. The compounds of samples were analyzed using GC-MS instrument. Results revealed that dragon's blood in powder and solid formation were inherently similar. Dragon's blood powder was obtained from wet extraction, while dragon's blood solid from dry extraction. Results of chemical analysis on 16 dragon's blood samples disclosed that three compounds were frequently detected associated with dragon's blood presence. Dracorhodin compound was detected in 16 dragon's blood samples i.e 3,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-1-benzopyran-7-ol in 13 samples; and trendione in 9 samples. Accordingly, dracorhodin could serve as the most compound containing in dragon's blood originated from Indonesia's Daemonorops, which could be observed from 16 tested Daemonorops dragon's blood samples from several regions (towns) in Indonesia.
Short Communication: Macropropagation – An important tool for conservation of North Sumatran endangered tree species, Dryobalanops aromatica
Authors: SUSILOWATI ARIDA , KHOLIBRINA CUT RIZLANI , RACHMAT HENTI HENDALASTUTI , ELFIATI DENI , . ASWANDI , RAENI ILLA MASYITAH
Published: October 2018

Susilowati A, Kholibrina CR, Rachmat HH, Elfiati D, Aswandi, Raeni IM. 2018. Short Communication: Macropropagation -An important tool for conservation of North Sumatran endangered tree species, Dryobalanops aromatica. Biodiversitas 19: 1672-1675.Dryobalanops aromatica or locally known as kapur is a tree producing borneol used for pharmaceutical purposes. Due to illegalharvesting for wood and borneol, depauperate population with low and rare reproductive mother trees and land conversion to oil palmplantation, its population decreases every year. Ex situ and in situ conservation efforts are needed to prevent this species from extinction.One of the ex situ conservation efforts that can be done is propagating this species vegetatively with shoot cuttings. Shoot cutting istechnically simple and inexpensive method to produce new planting stock for further purposes such as production and conservation.This method has also been successfully used for the propagation of endangered and highly economically valuable species. Despite manyapplications of shoot cutting for clonal forestry, there was still lack of information about the successfulness of this method forDryobalanops aromatica. Therefore the objective of this research was to get data about the successfulness of kapur cuttings usingdifferent media and growth regulator treatment. A factorial experiment using a Completely Randomized Design with two factors wasconducted for this research. The first factor was cutting media, consisting of three types, namely (i) sand, (ii) combination of sand andsoil, and 3) combination of sand, soil and rice husk. The second factor was plant growth regulator (PGR), consisting of two levels,namely (i) without PGR addition and (ii) with PGR addition. The parameters observed were survival percentage, rooting percentage,number of primary and secondary roots, length of primary and secondary roots and adventitious root formation. Results showed thatrooting percentage of cutting using this technique varied from 30 to 60% and thus this technique was prospective to be developed as atool for propagating kapur trees. Adventitious roots originated from the wounded area near the cambium which was later followed bythe formation of callus and root primordia.
Association between XRCC1 exon 10 (Arg399Gln) gene polymorphism and micronucleus as a predictor of DNA damage among radiation workers
Authors: SURNIYANTORO HARRY NUGROHO EKO , LUSIYANTI YANTI , RAHARDJO TUR , NURHAYATI SITI , TETRIANA DEVITA
Published: October 2018

Surniyantoro HNE, Lusiyanti Y, Rahardjo T, Nurhayati S, Tetriana D. 2018. Association between XRCC1 exon 10 (Arg399Gln) gene polymorphism and micronucleus as a predictor of DNA damage among radiation workers. Biodiversitas 19: 1676-1682. This study was aimed to examine the association between XRCC1 exon 10 gene polymorphism and micronucleus frequencies in radiation workers and their relation to the confounding factors. This study involved 37 radiation workers and 37 controls from several hospitals in Indonesia. Genotyping of X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) exon 10 gene polymorphism and micronucleus assay were performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus assay (CBMN assay), respectively. The results indicated that MN frequencies were not significantly higher in the exposed workers than in controls (20.46±6.42 versus 16.89 ±9.72; P=0.07). The micronucleus frequencies of radiation workers with mutant genotype showed not significantly higher than controls in the same genotypes (22±6.64 versus 11.75 ± 8.13; P=0.11). The confounding factors, like age, years of employment and equivalent doses were significantly associated with micronucleus frequencies (P<0.05). The equivalent dose has a significantly positive correlation with micronucleus frequencies among radiation workers, increasing the MN frequencies by 16.3 per 1 mSv of equivalent dose (P=0.001). The genetic polymorphism of XRCC1 gene exon 10 demonstrated no association with the extent of DNA damage in the hospital radiation workers. The MN frequencies were strongly associated with age, equivalent dose and years of employment.
Morphological characteristics and isozyme banding patterns of Cucurbita moschata at different altitudes
Authors: HIDAYATI NUR RAHMAH , SURANTO SURANTO , SAJIDAN SAJIDAN
Published: October 2018

Hidayati NR, Suranto, Sajidan. 2018. Morphological characteristics and isozyme banding patterns of Cucurbita moschata at different altitudes. Biodiversitas 19: 1683-1689. Aims of this research were to investigate the morphological character and isozyme banding patterns of Cucurbita moschata plants grown at three different altitudes. Samples in this study consisted of leaf, stem, and flowers. The morphological characters were conducted by direct observation in the field and analyzed descriptively as well as statically by one way ANOVA. The isozyme bands appearance of esterase and peroxidase of leaf samples were conducted using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Qualitative approach was used to analyze the presence and the absence of isozyme bands, while Retardation factor (Rf) was used to analyze quantitatively. The results showed that most plants grown at middle altitude (351-750 m asl.) were well-developed in terms of length of leaves, stems and flowers. Accordingly, the isozyme banding pattern of peroxidase was also found varied in plants grown at middle altitudes from which the presence of very unique bands was detected. Conversely, the band detected in plants grown at the lower and the highest altitudes was similar in term of band's number but it was different in the quality of the bands. Meanwhile, esterase isozyme banding pattern of plants grown at the lower and higher altitude had more bands than the middle altitude. Based on this result it is obvious that the isozyme data could be used to support in understanding the diversity morphological characters of plants grown in three different altitudes. This early result suggests that altitudes as a crucial factor in contributing the expression of isozyme appearance, which is useful for further pumpkin characterizations.
The grouping system and local distribution pattern analysis of Javan green peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus, Linnaeus 1758) population in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: HERNOWO JARWADI BUDI , ALIKODRA HADI SUKADI
Published: October 2018

Hernowo JB, Alikodra HS. 2018. The grouping system and local distribution pattern analysis of Javan green peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus, Linnaeus 1758) population in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1690-1695. The Javan green peafowl population lives in a group system. The population applies a small size group system. The distribution of the birds in Java Island is randomly fragmented and isolated in several types of habitat and each has a small number of individuals in every group. Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks, East Java, Indonesia as part of Javan green peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus, Linnaeus 1758) distributions have been selected for the study on the grouping system and the analysis of local distribution. The research was aimed at obtaining data and information on the grouping system and local distribution of Javan green peafowl population in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Park. The number of individuals and groups was counted by applying a transect method and a concentration method on every type of habitat where peafowls are present. The distribution pattern data were analyzed by using a formula (Ludwig and Reynolds 1988). The results indicate that Javan green peafowl population is living in small groups (2-4 birds). There are 5 types of Javan green peafowl groups in Baluran National Park (BNP) and Alas Purwo National Park (APNP). The dominant group is adult female group consisting 3 individual members. The leader of the group is a female bird. Adult males live in solitary. The group system among Javan green peafowl populations is a strategy of the birds. Local distribution of Javan green peafowl populations in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks is mostly in the form of clumped dispersion.
Insect diversity in post-mining areas: Investigating their potential role as bioindicator of reclamation success
Authors: BUCHORI DAMAYANTI , RIZALI AKHMAD , RAHAYU GILANG ADITYA , MANSUR IRDIKA
Published: October 2018

Buchori D, Rizali A, Rahayu GA, Mansur I. 2018. Insect diversity in post-mining areas: Investigating their potential role as bioindicator of reclamation success. Biodiversitas 19: 1696-1702. Reclamation can be a pivotal process to return an ecosystem to its condition prior to human disturbance, by recreating a landscape so that its structure and function closely resemble a natural community. Unfortunately, there is a lack of empirical data as to whether reclamation efforts successfully establish sustainable of the ecosystem or not. The objective of this research was to study insect diversity in post-mining areas and investigate their potential role as bioindicators of reclamation success. An ecological research was conducted in post-mining reclamation areas managed by PT. Berau Coal in Binungan, East Kalimantan. We selected sub-areas that had been subject to reclamation efforts for varying periods, ranging from 2 to 10 years, for observation. We also used an area of undisturbed natural forest as a comparison. Inside each of these subareas of different reclamation age, insects were sampled using pitfall traps and malaise traps along a 100-meter transect. Our results showed that insect diversity differed in areas of different reclamation age. Based on CCA revealed that environmental factors i.e. pioneer tree age, vegetation diversity and soil chemistry (N total) affected the diversity of insects in the reclamation area. In particular, NMDS analysis showed different species composition in ant communities found in subareas of varying reclamation age. We conclude that ants are the most useful potential bioindicator to assess reclamation success in post-mining areas.
Genetic diversity of mastitis cow’s milk bacteria based on RAPD-PCR
Authors: MUSTOPA APON ZAENAL , PUSPITASARI INES FERDIANA , FATIMAH FATIMAH , TRIRATNA LITA , KARTINA GINA
Published: October 2018

Mustopa AZ, Puspitasari IF, Fatimah, Triratna L, Kartina G. 2018. Genetic diversity of mastitis cow’s milk bacteria based on RAPD-PCR. Biodiversitas 19: 1714-1721. Mastitis in cow is caused by several pathogenic bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Identification of the pathogenic bacteria’s diversity that is contaminating cow’s milk needs to be done. The aim of this research was to conduct molecular identification in mastitis cow’s milk bacteria through RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis. Bacteria from mastitis cow’s milk were enumerated using selective media. Based on the result of media selection, there were 72 isolates of bacteria from mastitis cows in Ciguha, Guranteng, Cikarenceng Village (Pagerageung, Tasikmalaya), and Warnasari Village (Pangalengan, Bandung), West Java, Indonesia. The genomes from these isolates were extracted and then subjected to RAPD-PCR analysis. The results of RAPD-PCR analysis showed 8 clusters of dendrogram which 4 dominant clusters were selected. Identification of 4 dominant clusters, which contained representative strains, using 16s rRNA showed the isolates BPA-12, MHA-6, L-4, and XLDA-8 were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterobacter bugandensis.
Genotype determination of megalocytivirus from Indonesian Marine Fishes
Authors: MURWANTOKO MURWANTOKO , SARI DINI WAHYU KARTIKA , HANDAYANI CHRISTINA RETNO , WHITTINGTON RICHARD J.
Published: October 2018

Murwantoko, Sari DWK, Handayani CR, Whittington RJ. 2018. Genotype determination of megalocytivirus from Indonesian Marine Fishes. Biodiversitas 19: 1730-1736. Megalocytivirus is the newest genus within the family of Iridoviridae which can be divided into groups represented by red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), threespine stickleback iridovirus (TSIV). This virus caused serious systemic disease in cultured marine fishes for consumption and ornamental freshwater fishes with significant mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the genotype of megalocytivirus which infected marine fishes from Lampung, Karimun Jawa, Situbondo and Batam based on major capsid protein (MCP), ATPase, DNA polymerase, CY15 and IRB6. The liver, spleen and kidney tissues of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis), tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus), baramundi (Lates calcarifer) were fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin for histological and fixed in 70% ethanol for molecular analysis. Molecular analysis was performed by amplification of MCP, ATPase, DNA polymerase, CY15 and IRB6 genes and followed by sequencing. Genotype was determined by alignment of the sequences with various genotypes of megalocytivirus from Genbank. Histological examination showed that hypertrophy, inclusion body forming bearing cells were found in liver, spleen and kidney tissues. Polymerase chain reaction with MCP primer produced specific DNA bands. Those results confirmed the infection of megalocytivirus on marine cultured fish samples. The analysis from 10 isolates on five genes revealed that two genotypes of megalocytivirus as infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) genotypes were existed in Indonesia. The ISKNV genotype was confirmed in fish samples from Lampung, Jepara, Bali; while RSIV genotype was found in fishes from Batam, and Situbondo. Interestingly, both ISKNV and RSIV genotypes were confirmed in fish samples from Karimun Jawa. This paper is the first report on the present of ISKNV and RSIV genotypes in Indonesia based on MCP, ATPase, DNA polymerase, CY15 and IRB6 genes.
Protein and fatty acid profile of marine fishes from Java Sea, Indonesia
Authors: PRIATNI SRI , RATNANINGRUM DIAH , KOSASIH WAWAN , SRIENDAH EEN , SRIKANDACE YOICE , ROSMALINA TINA , PUDJIRAHARTI SRI
Published: October 2018

Priatni S, Ratnaningrum D, Kosasih W, Sriendah E, Srikandace Y, Rosmalina T, Pudjiraharti S. 2018. Protein and fatty acid profile of marine fishes from Java Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1737-1742. Indonesia is the second largest producer of capture fisheries products in the world and the most capture fisheries production comes from marine fisheries. Marine fish is a source of protein, amino acid, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, which are important components of diet. The objective of the study was to investigate the protein and fatty acids profile of nine marine fish samples from Java Sea of Indramayu West Java, Indonesia. The analysis data showed that the total protein content of fish samples ranged from 61.07% (Pampus argenteus) to 86.56% (Tetraodontidae). Meanwhile, total lipid content of fish samples ranged from 1.73% (Tetraodontidae) to 9.82% (Leiognathus equulus). The concentration of α-Amino Nitrogen (AN) of fish protein hydrolysate was ranging from 31 mM (Nemipterus hexodon) to 69 mM (Mystacoleucus padangensis) and% Degree of Hydrolysis (DH) was ranging from 9.33% to 20.39%. The molecular weight of protein fish samples had similar profiles primarily for almost all samples, which could be observed from a typical band with the weight around 49 kDa. The saturated fatty acid (Ʃ SFA) compositions of fish species ranged from 1094.03-4233.03 µg/g. Oleic acid (MUFA) content of all fish species ranged from 257.91-1216.06 µg/g. However, only three fish species contain of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) linoleic acid as the following; Selaroides leptolepis (171.36 µg/g), Oxyeleotris marmorata (249.40µg/g) and Tetraodontidae (140.35 µg/g). The highest SFA content was found in S. leptolepis with palmitic acid (C16:0) as the dominant saturated fatty acid (2320.88 µg/g). S. leptolepis also contained high oleic acid (1216.06 µg/g) and linoleic acid (171.36 µg/g).