bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hexagonal high-pressure phase of tantalum mononitride predicted from first principles
Authors: Yan Haiyan , Dou Chunsheng , Zhang Meiguang , Wang Hui
Published: February 2013

Based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm on crystal structural prediction, we first predict that TaN undergoes a phase transition from the experimental θ-TaN to a hexagonal P63/mmc structure at 87.5 GPa with volume drop of 1.6%. This hexagonal P63/mmc structure is isostructural with anti-NiAs and can be quenchable to ambient pressure by further phonon dispersions calculations. The Young's modulus E and shear modulus G as a function of crystal orientation for TaN have thus been systematically investigated. The calculated mechanical properties suggest that the P63/mmc-TaN is ultra-incompressible and hard due to its high bulk modulus (336 GPa), large shear modulus (214 GPa), originating from a staking of “N-Ta-N” sandwiches layers linked by strong covalent Ta-N bonding.
Dyella

jiangningensis sp. nov., a γ-proteobacterium isolated from the surface of potassium-bearing rock
Authors: Zhao Fei , Guo Xin-qi , Wang Peng , He Lin-yan , Huang Zhi , Sheng Xia-fang
Published: February 2013

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile with one polar flagellum γ-proteobacterium, designated strain SBZ3-12T, was isolated from surfaces of weathered potassic trachyte. Phylogenetic analysis of this strain based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that it was most closely related to

Dyella japonica

XD53T (97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity),

Dyella terrae

JS14-6T (97.7 %),

Dyella soli

JS12-10T (97.5 %) and

Dyella koreensis

BB4T (97.0 %). The DNA G+C content of strain SBZ3-12T was 64.0 mol%. In addition, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids and ubiquinone Q-8 was the predominant respiratory quinone. The low DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain SBZ3-12T and recognized species of the genus

Dyella

and the many phenotypic properties supported the classification of strain SBZ3-12T as a representative of a novel species of the genus

Dyella

, for which the name

Dyella

jiangningensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SBZ3-12T ( = CCTCC AB 2012160T = KACC 16539T = DSM 26119T).
Volatile compounds from leaves of the African spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra) with bioactivity against spider mite (Tetranychus urticae)
Authors: Nyalala S.O. , Petersen M.A. , Grout B.W.W.
Published: February 2013

Previous studies have demonstrated that Gynandropsis gynandra emits acetonitrile as a foliar volatile from intact plants and isolated leaves, and that this compound is an effective spider mite repellent. This study has used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to investigate volatile compounds emitted from homogenised G. gynandra leaves to evaluate their tissue acetonitrile content and to look for other compounds that might be exploited for the management of spider mites. Acetonitrile was absent from the homogenised tissues of five lines of G. gynandra, studied over two seasons. Thirteen volatile compounds were emitted by G. gynandra at significantly higher levels than mite‐susceptible pot roses, including isothiocyanates, aldehydes, esters, alcohols and terpenes. Six representative compounds were selected to assess bioactivity. Spider mite populations were completely inactive after a 2 h exposure to butyl isothiocyanate, 2,4‐heptadienal or β‐cyclocitral, when evaporated from 0.5 µL of pure compound in a 100 mL air space. The same level of inactivity was achieved after exposure to 5.0 μL of (Z)‐2‐pentenol or a 25 μL volume of 50% v/v Z‐3‐hexenal or 5% w/v methyl isothiocyanate. Dissipation of β‐cyclocitral following 24 h exposure to its concentration of 5 μL in a 100 mL air space resulted in a 6% recovery of the spider mites but at higher concentrations no recovery was observed. These identified compounds may have potential as extracted products for management of spider mites in roses, and a high constitutive content of them in roses may be of value in targeted plant breeding for enhanced insect resistance. The range of isothiocyanates found in G. gynandra accounts for the bitter taste of the leaves when used as a traditional vegetable in Eastern Africa and provides a target for manipulation to improve palatability.
The Role of Pregnancy‐Specific Glycoprotein 1a (PSG1a) in Regulating the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response
Authors: Martinez Fernando F. , Cervi Laura , Knubel Carolina P. , Panzetta‐Dutari Graciela M. , Motran Claudia C.
Published: February 2013

Among several explanations for the acceptance of the fetus, the one that suggests that the maternal immune system is suppressed or modified has been the subject of many studies. Thus, it has been proposed that the cells of innate immune system might be able to distinguish the pregnant from the non‐pregnant state producing a signal, the so‐called signal P. We have previously proposed that pregnancy‐specific glycoprotein 1a (PSG1a), a representative member of the main glycoprotein family secreted by placental trophoblast, may modulate the activation of antigen‐presenting cells promoting the T‐cell shift of the maternal cell immunity toward a less harmful phenotype. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the contribution of pregnancy‐specific glycoprotein 1a (PSG1a) to modulate the maternal innate and adaptive immune response in order to assure a successful pregnancy.
Which Types of Regulatory T cells Play Important Roles in Implantation and Pregnancy Maintenance?
Authors: Saito Shigeru , Shima Tomoko , Inada Kumiko , Nakashima Akitoshi
Published: February 2013

Regulatory T cells (Treg) play essential roles in implantation and allogeneic pregnancy maintenance in mice and humans. Recent data have shown the heterogeneity of Treg, such as thymic (naturally occurring) Treg, extrathymic (inducible or peripheral) Treg, naïve Treg, effector Treg, resting (non‐proliferating) Treg and activated (proliferating) Treg. Importantly, Foxp3, which was believed to be a specific marker for Treg, is transiently expressed in T cells when conventional T cells are activated and proliferating in humans showing that Foxp3 is not a specific marker for Treg. Therefore, we should evaluate the true Treg level and clarify which types of Treg cells play important roles in implantation and pregnancy maintenance in mice and humans.
Low dose decitabine in very high risk relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia in children and young adults
Authors: Phillips Christine L. , Davies Stella M. , McMasters Richard , Absalon Michael , O'Brien Maureen , Mo Jun , Broun Randall , Moscow Jeffrey A. , Smolarek Teresa , Garzon Ramiro , Blum William , Schwind Sebastian , Marcucci Guido , Perentesis John P.
Published: February 2013

Low‐dose decitabine has encouraging activity and tolerability in adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), but paediatric experience is lacking. We report our retrospective experience with decitabine in eight children and young adults (median age 4 years) with refractory/relapsed AML, who had failed multiple regimens or were not candidates for standard retrieval regimens due to prior toxicities. Three of eight patients (38%) had complete response (CR; 1 each of CR, CR with incomplete platelet recovery and CR with incomplete count recovery). Best responses were observed after a median of 2·5 cycles (range 1–4 cycles). Four patients received subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplant, and two remain in long‐term CR.
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, C‐reactive protein and triglyceride are associated with heart rate variability in non‐diabetic Danes
Authors: Intzilakis Theodoros , Hartmann Gro , Mouridsen Mette R. , Eugen‐Olsen Jesper , Kumarathurai Preman , Madsbad Sten , Almdal Thomas P. , Haugaard Steen B. , Sajadieh Ahmed
Published: February 2013

Background

Heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. HRV is in part a function of the activity of the autonomic nervous system and has been associated with low‐grade inflammation. In patients with type 2 diabetes, HRV is decreased and is a predictor of poor outcome. As HRV and its determinants in non‐diabetic individuals have not been studied properly, the aim of this observational study was to evaluate possible associations between HRV vs. impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, lipidaemia and markers of inflammation and immune activation in these individuals.

Materials and methods

Healthy individuals (n = 596, 55–75 years) from the community were evaluated with ambulant 48‐h continuous electrocardiogram monitoring and fasting markers of lipidaemia, inflammation and immune activation, respectively. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA‐IR. Time domain components of HRV were calculated.

Results

Heart rate and HRV were not associated with glucose metabolic parameters but were inversely associated with soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), high‐sensitive CRP and leucocyte number (P < 0·001), respectively. Both 24‐h and night‐time HRV were inversely associated with plasma triglyceride, whereas HDL, LDL and total cholesterol were not. A model including suPAR, CRP, gender, triglyceride, age, systolic blood pressure, physical activity and smoking status explained 12·2% (P < 0·0001) of the 24‐h HRV and 7·3% (P < 0·0001) of the night‐time HRV. The single strongest factor to explain 24‐h and night‐time HRV appeared to be suPAR (P = 0·001 and P = 0·0067, respectively).

Conclusion

A low HRV is not related to prediabetes, that is, insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose, but is related to the immune and inflammatory markers suPAR and CRP and plasma triglyceride.
Scour Around Vertical Pile Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines Due to Long-Crested and Short-Crested Nonlinear Random Waves
Authors: Myrhaug Dag , Ong Muk Chen
Published: February 2013

This paper provides a practical stochastic method by which the maximum equilibrium scour depth around vertical piles exposed to long-crested (2D) and short-crested (3D) nonlinear random waves can be derived. The approach is based on assuming the waves to be a stationary narrow-band random process, adopting the Forristall wave crest height distribution (Forristall, 2000, “Wave Crest Distributions: Observations and Second-Order Theory,” J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, pp. 1931–1943) representing both 2D and 3D nonlinear random waves, and using the regular wave formulas for scour depth by Sumer et al. (1992, “Scour Around Vertical Pile in Waves,” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 114(5), pp. 599–641). An example calculation is provided. Tentative approaches to related random wave-induced scour cases are also suggested.
An Experimental Review on Microbubble Generation to be Used in Echo-Particle Image Velocimetry Method to Determine the Pipe Flow Velocity
Authors: Salari Alinaghi , Shafii M. B. , Shirani Shapour
Published: February 2013

Microbubbles are broadly used as ultrasound contrast agents. In this paper we use a low-cost flow focusing microchannel fabrication method for preparing microbubble contrast agents by using some surface active agents and a viscosity enhancing material to obtain appropriate microbubbles with desired lifetime and stability for any in vitro infusion for velocity measurement. All the five parameters that govern the bubble size extract and some efforts are done to achieve the smallest bubbles by adding suitable surfactant concentrations. By using these microbubbles for the echo-particle image velocimetry method, we experimentally determine the velocity field of steady state and pulsatile pipe flows.
Genetic Examination of Initial Amino Acid Oxidation and Glutamate Catabolism in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis
Authors: Yokooji Yuusuke , Sato Takaaki , Fujiwara Shinsuke , Imanaka Tadayuki , Atomi Haruyuki
Published: February 2013

Amino acid catabolism in
Thermococcales
is presumed to proceed via three steps: oxidative deamination of amino acids by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) or aminotransferases, oxidative decarboxylation by 2-oxoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductases (KOR), and hydrolysis of acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) by ADP-forming acyl-CoA synthetases (ACS). Here, we performed a genetic examination of enzymes involved in Glu catabolism in
Thermococcus kodakarensis
. Examination of amino acid dehydrogenase activities in cell extracts of
T. kodakarensis
KUW1 (Δ
pyrF
Δ
trpE
) revealed high NADP-dependent GDH activity, along with lower levels of NAD-dependent activity. NADP-dependent activities toward Gln/Ala/Val/Cys and an NAD-dependent threonine dehydrogenase activity were also detected. In KGDH1, a gene disruption strain of
T. kodakarensis
GDH (Tk-GDH), only threonine dehydrogenase activity was detected, indicating that all other activities were dependent on Tk-GDH. KGDH1 could not grow in a medium in which growth was dependent on amino acid catabolism, implying that Tk-GDH is the only enzyme that can discharge the electrons (to NADP
+
/NAD
+
) released from amino acids in their oxidation to 2-oxoacids. In a medium containing excess pyruvate, KGDH1 displayed normal growth, but higher degrees of amino acid catabolism were observed compared to those for KUW1, suggesting that Tk-GDH functions to suppress amino acid oxidation and plays an anabolic role under this condition. We further constructed disruption strains of 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and succinyl-CoA synthetase. The two strains displayed growth defects in both media compared to KUW1. Succinate generation was not observed in these strains, indicating that the two enzymes are solely responsible for Glu catabolism among the multiple KOR and ACS enzymes in
T. kodakarensis
.
Knockout of the Na,K-ATPase α2-isoform in cardiac myocytes delays pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Rindler Tara N. , Lasko Valerie M. , Nieman Michelle L. , Okada Motoi , Lorenz John N. , Lingrel Jerry B
Published: February 2013

The α2-isoform of the Na,K-ATPase (α2) is the minor isoform of the Na,K-ATPase expressed in the cardiovascular system and is thought to play a critical role in the regulation of cardiovascular hemodynamics. However, the organ system/cell type expressing α2that is required for this regulation has not been fully defined. The present study uses a heart-specific knockout of α2to further define the tissue-specific role of α2in the regulation of cardiovascular hemodynamics. To accomplish this, we developed a mouse model using the Cre/loxP system to generate a tissue-specific knockout of α2in the heart using β-myosin heavy chain Cre. We have achieved a 90% knockout of α2expression in the heart of the knockout mice. Interestingly, the heart-specific knockout mice exhibit normal basal cardiac function and systolic blood pressure, and in addition, these mice develop ACTH-induced hypertension in response to ACTH treatment similar to control mice. Surprisingly, the heart-specific knockout mice display delayed onset of cardiac dysfunction compared with control mice in response to pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction; however, the heart-specific knockout mice deteriorated to control levels by 9 wk post-transverse aortic constriction. These results suggest that heart expression of α2does not play a role in the regulation of basal cardiovascular function or blood pressure; however, heart expression of α2plays a role in the hypertrophic response to pressure overload. This study further emphasizes that the tissue localization of α2determines its unique roles in the regulation of cardiovascular function.
PARI Overexpression Promotes Genomic Instability and Pancreatic Tumorigenesis
Authors: O'Connor Kevin W. , Dejsuphong Donniphat , Park Eunmi , Nicolae Claudia M. , Kimmelman Alec C. , D'Andrea Alan D. , Moldovan George-Lucian
Published: February 2013

Treatment options for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain limited. Therapeutic targets of interest include mutated molecules that predispose to pancreatic cancer such as KRAS and TP53. Here, we show that an element of the homologous recombination pathway of DNA repair, the PARP-binding protein C12orf48/PARI (PARPBP), is overexpressed specifically in pancreatic cancer cells where it is an appealing candidate for targeted therapy. PARI upregulation in pancreatic cancer cells or avian DT40 cells conferred DNA repair deficiency and genomic instability. Significantly, PARI silencing compromised cancer cell proliferation in vitro, leading to cell-cycle alterations associated with S-phase delay, perturbed DNA replication, and activation of the DNA damage response pathway in the absence of DNA damage stimuli. Conversely, PARI overexpression produced tolerance to DNA damage by promoting replication of damaged DNA. In a mouse xenograft model of pancreatic cancer, PARI silencing was sufficient to reduce pancreatic tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, our findings offered a preclinical proof-of-concept for PARI as candidate therapeutic target to treat PDAC. Cancer Res; 73(8); 2529–39. ©2013 AACR.
A Randomized Trial of the Topical Effect of Antifibrinolytic Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid on Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Gurian Danilo Bortolotto , Meneghini Adriano , Abreu Luiz Carlos de , Murad Neif , Matos Leandro Luongo de , Pires Adilson Casemiro , Valenti Vitor E. , Breda João Roberto
Published: February 2013

We assessed the effect of the topical application of epsilon-aminocaproic antifibrinolytic acid (EACA) on the pericardium of patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This is a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study. We evaluated 26 patients with chronic coronary heart disease indicated for CABG without CPB (EACA and placebo groups). The analysis of the postoperative hematological results showed no difference between groups in hemoglobin and hematocrit. There was no difference between the groups regarding the postoperative bleeding through the drains in the first 24 hours, 48 hours, and accumulated loss until removal of drains. The use of EACA in patients undergoing CABG without CPB presented no difference in the reduction of the amount of bleeding and the need for blood transfusions.
Phylogenetic analysis of erythritol catabolic loci within theRhizobiales and Proteobacteria
Authors: Geddes Barney A , Hausner Georg , Oresnik Ivan J
Published: February 2013

Background

The ability to use erythritol as a sole carbon source is not universal amongthe Rhizobiaceae. Based on the relatedness to the catabolic genes inBrucella it has been suggested that the eryABCD operonmay have been horizontally transferred into Rhizobium. During workcharacterizing a locus necessary for the transport and catabolism oferythritol, adonitol and L-arabitol in Sinorhizobium meliloti, webecame interested in the differences between the erythritol loci of S.meliloti and R. leguminosarum. Utilizing the OrthologNeighborhood Viewer from the DOE Joint Genome Institute database it appearedthat loci for erythritol and polyol utilization had distinct arrangementsthat suggested these loci may have undergone genetic rearrangements.

Results

A data set was established of genetic loci containing erythritol/polyolorthologs for 19 different proteobacterial species. These loci were analyzedfor genetic content and arrangement of genes associated with erythritol,adonitol and L-arabitol catabolism. Phylogenetic trees were constructed forcore erythritol catabolic genes and contrasted with the species phylogeny.Additionally, phylogenetic trees were constructed for genes that showeddifferences in arrangement among the putative erythritol loci in thesespecies.

Conclusions

Three distinct erythritol/polyol loci arrangements have been identified thatreflect metabolic need or specialization. Comparison of the phylogenetictrees of core erythritol catabolic genes with species phylogeny providesevidence that is consistent with these loci having been horizontallytransferred from the alpha-proteobacteria into both the beta andgamma-proteobacteria. ABC transporters within these loci adopt 2 uniquegenetic arrangements, and although biological data suggests they arefunctional erythritol transporters, phylogenetic analysis suggests they maynot be orthologs and probably should be considered analogs. Finally,evidence for the presence of paralogs, and xenologs of erythritol catabolicgenes in some of the genomes included in the analysis is provided.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and food restriction restore delayed preconditioning in diabetic mice
Authors: Van der Mieren Gerry , Nevelsteen Ines , Vanderper Annelies , Oosterlinck Wouter , Flameng Willem , Herijgers Paul
Published: February 2013

Background

Classical and delayed preconditioning are powerful endogenous protection mechanisms against ischemia-reperfusion damage. However, it is still uncertain whether delayed preconditioning can effectively salvage myocardium in patients with co-morbidities, such as diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. We investigated delayed preconditioning in mice models of type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome and investigated interventions to optimize the preconditioning potential.

Methods

Hypoxic preconditioning was induced in C57Bl6-mice (WT), leptin deficient ob/ob (model for type II diabetes) and double knock-out (DKO) mice with combined leptin and LDL-receptor deficiency (model for metabolic syndrome). Twenty-four hours later, 30 min of regional ischemia was followed by 60 min reperfusion. Left ventricular contractility and infarct size were studied. The effect of 12 weeks food restriction or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACE-I) on this was investigated. Differences between groups were analyzed for statistical significance by student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA followed by a Fisher’s LSD post hoc test. Factorial ANOVA was used to determine the interaction term between preconditioning and treatments, followed by a Fisher’s LSD post hoc test. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the relationship between infarct size and contractility (PRSW). A value of p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Left ventricular contractility is reduced in ob/ob compared with WT and even further reduced in DKO. ACE-I improved contractility in ob/ob and DKO mice. After ischemia/reperfusion without preconditioning, infarct size was larger in DKO and ob/ob versus WT. Hypoxic preconditioning induced a strong protection in WT and a partial protection in ob/ob mice. The preconditioning potential was lost in DKO. Twelve weeks of food restriction or ACE-I restored the preconditioning potential in DKO and improved it in ob/ob.

Conclusion

Delayed preconditioning is restored by food restriction and ACE-I in case of type II diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
Policy development, implementation and evaluation by the AIDS control program in Uganda: a review of the processes
Authors: Tumwesigye Benson T , Nakanjako Damalie , Wanyenze Rhoda , Akol Zainab , Sewankambo Nelson
Published: February 2013

Background

The AIDS Control Program (ACP) in Uganda has spearheaded the national health sector HIV response for the last three decades. ACP has developed, revised and implemented various HIV prevention, care and treatment policies in order to keep interventions relevant to the changing dynamics of the HIV epidemic. However, the ACP team and partners remain concerned about the lengthy policy development processes. This study documented the policy development and revision processes to identify strengths and weaknesses in order to inform adjustments as Uganda embraces the move to ‘zero’ HIV infections.

Methods

Data was collected through a review of the relevant policy documents and key informant interviews with the five program officers involved in the recently developed Safe Male Circumcision (SMC) policy and the recently revised HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) policy. Qualitative data was analyzed manually using pre-determined themes.

Results

Development and revision of the SMC and HCT policies followed similar processes that included a series of meetings between senior management and a selected technical working group. However, the gaps included: i) inadequate awareness of the existence of national policy development and management guidelines; ii) limited engagement of the policy analysis unit in the policy development/revision processes; iii) inadequate tracking and evaluation of the policies before revision or development of new related policies; iv) lack of specific protocols/standard operating procedures (SOPs); and, v) limited indigenous funding for the entire policy development processes which contributed to non-adherence to the anticipated timelines.

Conclusions

Policy development and revision of the SMC and HCT policies followed similar processes. Gaps identified included lack of protocols/SOPs for the processes and limited indigenous funding to support adherence to anticipated timelines. We recommend active involvement of the policy analysis unit in all policy processes. Specific protocols/SOPs for development, analysis, revision, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment processes should be developed prior to commencement of the activities.
Viral fitness cost prevents HIV-1 from evading dolutegravir drug pressure
Authors: Mesplède Thibault , Quashie Peter K , Osman Nathan , Han Yingshan , Singhroy Diane N , Lie Yolanda , Petropoulos Christos J , Huang Wei , Wainberg Mark A
Published: February 2013

Background

Clinical studies have shown that integrase strand transfer inhibitors can be used to treat HIV-1 infection. Although the first-generation integrase inhibitors are susceptible to the emergence of resistance mutations that impair their efficacy in therapy, such resistance has not been identified to date in drug-naïve patients who have been treated with the second-generation inhibitor dolutegravir. During previous in vitro selection study, we identified a R263K mutation as the most common substitution to arise in the presence of dolutegravir with H51Y arising as a secondary mutation. Additional experiments reported here provide a plausible explanation for the absence of reported dolutegravir resistance among integrase inhibitor-naïve patients to date.

Results

We now show that H51Y in combination with R263K increases resistance to dolutegravir but is accompanied by dramatic decreases in both enzymatic activity and viral replication.

Conclusions

Since H51Y and R263K may define a unique resistance pathway to dolutegravir, our results are consistent with the absence of resistance mutations in antiretroviral drug-naive patients treated with this drug.
Moderate excess of pyruvate augments osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Fong Jenna E. , Le Nihouannen Damien , Tiedemann Kerstin , Sadvakassova Gulzhakhan , Barralet Jake E. , Komarova Svetlana V.
Published: February 2013

Cell differentiation leads to adaptive changes in energy metabolism. Conversely, hyperglycemia induces malfunction of many body systems, including bone, suggesting that energy metabolism reciprocally affects cell differentiation. We investigated how the differentiation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, large polykaryons formed through fusion and growth of cells of monocytic origin, is affected by excess of energy substrate pyruvate and how energy metabolism changes during osteoclast differentiation. Surprisingly, small increases in pyruvate (1–2 mM above basal levels) augmented osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo, while larger increases were not effective in vitro. Osteoclast differentiation increased cell mitochondrial activity and ATP levels, which were further augmented in energy-rich conditions. Conversely, the inhibition of respiration significantly reduced osteoclast number and size. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as a metabolic sensor, which is inhibited in energy-rich conditions. We found that osteoclast differentiation was associated with an increase in AMPK levels and a change in AMPK isoform composition. Increased osteoclast size induced by pyruvate (1 mM above basal levels) was prevented in the presence of AMPK activator 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR). In keeping, inhibition of AMPK using dorsomorphin or siRNA to AMPKγ increased osteoclast size in control cultures to the level observed in the presence of pyruvate. Thus, we have found that a moderate excess of pyruvate enhances osteoclastogenesis, and that AMPK acts to tailor osteoclastogenesis to a cell's bioenergetics capacity.
Orthogonal Polymer Recognition Based on Semiartificial Helical Polysaccharide
Authors: Numata Munenori , Kinoshita Daiki , Hirose Naoya , Kozawa Tomohiro , Tamiaki Hitoshi
Published: February 2013

Two kinds of polymeric nanoarchitectures, i.e., one-dimensional polymer composites and two-dimensional sheet-like structures, can be created using a semiartificial helical polysaccharide with one-dimensional cavities and peripheral molecular-recognition sites.
Selective Desorption by 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene Addition during Carbazole Hydrodenitrogenation on Sulfided Phosphorus-doped NiMo/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Nagai Masatoshi , Tominaga Hiroyuki , Sugai Daiki
Published: February 2013

The addition of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene at 10 times the molar ratio to carbazole during carbazole hydrodenitrogenation caused bicyclohexyl, 2-ethylbicyclo[4.4.0]decane and hexylcyclohexane to desorb at the amount of 7.88 µmol g·cat−1 from one site of the sulfided 3.5 wt % phosphorus-doped NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst, while the other site remained unaffected by the addition. The number of special adsorption sites for the 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene was estimated.
Mudimbe’s homo absconditus: Towards a resurrection of the human
Authors: Fraiture Pierre-Philippe
Published: February 2013

This article demonstrates that the notion of the ‘human’ – ‘man’, ‘anthropos’, ‘muntu’ (and their sub-human opposites: the pagan, the savage, the ‘docile’ body) – has played a crucial role in V. Y. Mudimbe’s
work since the 1960s. Indeed, there is in the author’s production a tendency to explore the human sciences and the ways in which they have contributed to the real and imaginary shape, but also obfuscation, of sub-Saharan Africa and its people since the colonial era. From his early writings,
Mudimbe, the humanist, the former Benedictine who at the age of 18 was ‘completely Francophonized, submitted to Greco-Roman values and Christian norms’ (Mudimbe 1991: 94), has conducted a systematic critique of humanism in order to identify the reasons behind Africa’s material,
political and epistemological dependency on the West, and to envisage routes to its resurrection, a term also used here to reiterate the importance of religion and theology in Mudimbe’s trajectory. The first part of the article focuses on The Invention of Africa and examines Mudimbe’s
adoption of a set of analytical models (previously developed by Michel Foucault in Les Mots et les choses) to excavate the discursive orders presiding over the emergence of Black Africans as ‘objects’ of knowledge. The second part of this study registers Mudimbe’s partial
dissatisfaction with structuralist anthropology that, although free from former racial prejudices, continues to address other cultures ‘allochronically’ (Johannes Fabian) and often circumvents the human in the name of scientific objectivity. Finally, the study reflects upon Mudimbe’s
many attempts – for instance in essays such as Parables and Fables, Les Corps glorieux, Tales of Faith, and Cheminements – to blur the divide between the scholarly essay and the autobiography and to return to his ‘own foundation’ (Fanon) as an African artist and intellectual.
Genetically Modified Crops and the New Paradigm for Herbicide Use in Row Crops
Authors: Green Jerry M.
Published: February 2013

Genetically modified glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops quickly revolutionized weed management in row crops in North and South America after their introduction in the mid-1990s. Growers made GR crops the most rapidly adopted technology in the history of agriculture. In the United States, GR soybeans enabled a new use for glyphosate that was effective, easy, economical, and environmentally safe. This use of glyphosate reduced the value of selective herbicides, and in seven years, the number of herbicide actives used on at least 10 % of the soybean acreage in the United States declined from 11 to just 1, glyphosate. Many growers used only glyphosate for weed management, and now GR weeds are widespread and forcing growers to diversify their weed management practices. Weed management experts agree that no single management technology is sustainable when used alone; weeds will eventually adapt. Growers must use more diverse and integrated pest management practices incorporating combinations of the best chemical, crop, and cultural systems. This new paradigm for herbicide use is creating opportunities for new application and formulation technologies.
A Novel Rheology Modifier for Agrochemical Formulations
Authors: Castelani Priscila , Pierobon Juliana
Published: February 2013

Flowable formulations require a rheology modifier to prevent sedimentation phenomena. Rheology modifiers produce a “three-dimensional” gel network in the continuous phase resulting in a non-Newtonian fluid, which provides stability to the formulation. The rheology modifier must give high viscosity so the product does not separate during long-term storage but still allow the product to be easily poured from the package. The objective of this research was to evaluate a novel polymeric alkoxylate (PA) with carbendazin (500 g/l) for its effect as a rheology modifier on the formulation properties of viscosity, yield point, shear stress, shear thinning, stability, and spray droplet contact angle. PA has been formulated with other surfactants and solvents as a ready-to-use liquid rheology modifier. Formulations with four concentrations of PA formulated as a ready-to-use liquid [0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 % weight per volume (w/v)], were evaluated and compared to formulations with four concentrations of a xantham gum (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 % w/v). Formulations with PA performed comparably to xantham gum for viscosity. PA provided desired behavior in shear stress and shear rate studies, and there was little variation in response because of changes in concentration. PA provided a higher yield point than xantham gum. Xantham gum provided stable formulations at all concentrations as measured by bleeding, settling, and particle size distribution. PA provided acceptable formulation stability at concentrations of 1.5 % (w/v) or greater. When diluted in water for field application, formulations containing PA had lower contact angles than xantham gum formulations which will result in improved wettability. PA is classified as a non-eye irritant.
Enlist Duo Herbicide: A Novel 2,4-D Plus Glyphosate Premix Formulation with Low Potential for Off-target Movement
Authors: Li Mei , Tank Holger , Kennedy Alex , Zhang Hong , Downer Brandon , Ouse Dave , Liu Lei
Published: February 2013

Since their introduction in 1996, glyphosate-tolerant crops have been widely adopted in the United States. The adoption of the glyphosate-tolerant cropping system and the increasing use of glyphosate have contributed to the development of glyphosate-resistant weeds and the increased prevalence of hard-to-control weeds. Dow AgroSciences is developing the Enlist Weed Control System to address this problem. This herbicide-tolerant trait technology provides robust tolerance to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in corn, soybeans, and cotton. It will be combined with other traits that provide glyphosate tolerance. Concurrent with the development of the trait technology, Dow AgroSciences is developing new 2,4-D-based products to be used in this weed control system. Enlist Duo herbicide (PremixED), a premix formulation that combines 2,4-D choline salt with glyphosate, employs novel formulation technology that substantially reduces the potential for off-target movement through ultralow volatility and minimized potential for spray droplet drift. PremixED also provides greater spray tank stability and compatibility than current tank mixes of 2,4-D with glyphosate. The herbicidal efficacy of the new formulation is comparable to that of an equivalent tank mixture.
Prevalência de dislipidemia em adultos de meia-idade com polimorfismo do gene NOS3 e baixa aptidão cardiorrespiratória
Authors: Malagrino Pamella A. , Sponton Carlos H. G. , Esposti Rodrigo D. , Franco-Penteado Carla F. , Fernandes Romulo A. , Bezerra Marcos André C. , Albuquerque Dulcinéia M. , Rodovalho Cynara M. , Bacci Maurício , Zanesco Angelina
Published: February 2013

OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência da associação dos polimorfismos do gene da sintase do óxido nítrico endotelial (NOS3) para as posições -786T>C, Glu298Asp e íntron 4b/a e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória sobre as concentrações de nitrito/nitrato, pressão arterial, perfil lipídico e prevalência de doenças cardiometabólicas em adultos. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Noventa e duas pessoas foram divididas de acordo com o genótipo: não polimórficas (NP) e polimórficas (P). Posteriormente, foram subdivididas pela aptidão cardiorrespiratória associada ao genótipo: alta (ANP e AP) ou baixa (BNP e BP). RESULTADOS: Os indivíduos que apresentavam polimorfismo para as posições Glu298Asp+Íntron 4b/a e Glu298Asp+-786T>C e baixa aptidão cardiorrespiratória apresentaram maiores valores de colesterol total e maior prevalência de dislipidemia. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados demonstram que os polimorfismos do gene da NOS3 para essas duas associações influenciam os níveis de colesterol plasmático, e essa associação foi mais claramente observada quando os indivíduos apresentavam menor nível de aptidão cardiorrespiratória.
Épocas de aplicação de proexadione cálcio no controle do desenvolvimento vegetativo de macieiras 'Imperial Gala '
Authors: Hawerroth Fernando José , Petri José Luiz , Leite Gabriel Berenhauser , Yoshikawa Eiji Reonardo
Published: February 2013

O controle do desenvolvimento vegetativo é fundamental na cultura da macieira, a fim de aumentar a eficiência produtiva e a qualidade dos frutos produzidos. O desenvolvimento dos ramos pode ser reduzido pelo uso de substâncias inibidoras da biossíntese de giberelinas, como o proexadione cálcio, sendo a resposta deste fitorregulador dependente do padrão sazonal do crescimento da parte aérea. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes épocas de aplicação de proexadione cálcio no controle do desenvolvimento vegetativo de macieiras 'Imperial Gala', nas condições climáticas do Sul do Brasil. No ciclo de 2008/2009, foram avaliadas seis épocas de aplicação de 330 g ha-1 de proexadione cálcio (28; 58; 88; 118; 148 e 178 dias após a plena floração - DAPF) e sete épocas de aplicação em 2009/2010 (20; 50; 80; 110; 140, 170 e 200 DAPF), além do tratamento-testemunha. Aplicações de proexadione cálcio a 330 g ha-1, realizadas aos 20 a 28 dias após a plena floração reduzem o comprimento médio e a massa fresca média dos ramos podados em macieiras 'Imperial Gala'.
Produção e características qualitativas dos frutos de híbridos de maracujazeiro-amarelo
Authors: Zaccheo Paulo Vicente Contador , Aguiar Ricardo Sfeir de , Stenzel Neusa Maria Colauto , Sera Tumoru , Neves Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro
Published: February 2013

A pequena disponibilidade de genótipos melhorados de maracujazeiro-amarelo contribui para a baixa produtividade da cultura no Brasil. Materiais genéticos devem ser desenvolvidos visando ao incremento da produtividade e da qualidade dos frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção e as características qualitativas dos frutos de 36 híbridos de maracujazeiro-amarelo cultivados no norte do Paraná. As avaliações dos híbridos foram realizadas durante dois ciclos de produção da cultura, de abril a julho de 2007 e de janeiro a julho de 2008, com coletas semanais dos frutos maduros. A produção foi determinada a partir da produção total e do número de frutos por planta. Para as características qualitativas, foram avaliadas: massa, comprimento, diâmetro e relação entre comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos, além de espessura da casca, rendimento de polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT) e relação SST/ATT. A produção, em quilos de fruta por planta, situou-se entre 20 e 40 no primeiro ciclo e 54 a 96 no segundo, o que representa uma produtividade de 30 a 53 ton ha-1 para o conjunto das duas safras. Os híbridos '40' e '43'apresentam, respectivamente, maior produção e maior número de frutos no primeiro ciclo de produção Os frutos do híbrido '36' destacaram-se no atendimento das caracteristicas desejáveis de qualidade para o consumo in natura, enquanto os híbridos '43' e '60' apresentaram caracteristicas importantes para a indústria de sucos.
Educação e envelhecimento: contribuições da perspectiva Life-Span
Authors: Scoralick-Lempke Natália Nunes , Barbosa Altemir José Gonçalves
Published: February 2013

A perspectiva Life-Span é um importante marco teórico no estudo do envelhecimento, uma vez que colaborou para mudar a concepção de que o idoso é um ser passivo e doente, ressaltando a possibilidade de desenvolvimento durante todo o curso da vida. Também destacou a heterogeneidade na velhice, enfatizando a importância de atividades para a manutenção do envelhecimento saudável. A aquisição de novas aprendizagens tem sido considerada uma tarefa importante nesse sentido, uma vez que pode otimizar as capacidades cognitivas e favorecer a rede de suporte social do idoso. Assim, este trabalho, a partir da apresentação dos pressupostos que conferiram extrema relevância à Life-Span no âmbito da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, discute a importância da educação para a velhice saudável, a oferta de atividades educacionais para idosos no Brasil e elucida a amplitude de termos encontrados na literatura para designar o processo de aprendizagem ao longo do curso da vida.
Interações e habilidades sociais entre universitários: um estudo correlacional
Authors: Couto Gleiber , Vandenberghe Luc , Tavares Wanessa Marques , Silva Renata Limongi França Coelho
Published: February 2013

As interações interpessoais são a base de todos os processos sociais. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar como essas interações se relacionam com habilidades sociais e, ao mesmo tempo, investigar evidências de validade para o Checklist de Relações Interpessoais-II. Participaram 542 estudantes de diversos cursos de ensino superior do sudeste goiano, com idade entre 18 e 55 anos (M=21, DP=5,48), respondendo ao Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, de Del Prette, e ao Checklist de Relações Interpessoais-II. Os participantes com altos escores em habilidades sociais apresentaram mais posições interpessoais do quadrante Amigável-Dominador, enquanto o grupo de baixas habilidades sociais apresentou posições de Hostilidade-Submissão. Além disso, as posições interpessoais do grupo com boas habilidades sociais mostram mais variedade de posições interpessoais. As habilidades sociais têm correlações positivas com posições amigáveis, e correlações negativas com posições hostis e submissas. Esses resultados apoiam a validade para o checklist de relações interpessoais-II.
Risco de persistência na conduta infracional em adolescentes: estudo exploratório
Authors: Maruschi Maria Cristina , Estevão Ruth , Bazon Marina Rezende
Published: February 2013

A literatura internacional é consistente em apontar fatores de risco fortemente associados à persistência do comportamento infracional em adolescentes. O conhecimento tem servido de base para o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de avaliação de risco de reincidência infracional, com o propósito principal de adequar a medida judicial, o tipo e o nível de intervenção às necessidades do adolescente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma investigação exploratória da performance do instrumento Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory, fundamentado nos fatores de risco associados à persistência da conduta infracional, em amostra composta de quarenta adolescentes em conflito com a lei, no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Realizada a coleta de dados inicial, após um período de 6 a 12 meses foi feito levantamento no Cartório da Infância e Juventude para verificar registro de novas infrações. Análises estatísticas mostraram a boa capacidade preditiva do instrumento. Outros resultados e limitações do estudo são apresentados e discutidos.
"A fuga de André": uma intervenção psicoterapêutica
Authors: Mota Catarina Pinheiro
Published: February 2013

O presente estudo de caso aborda a problemática inerente à vivência de um adolescente de 15 anos de idade, marcada pelo desencontro entre seu eu (em formação) e o contexto que o rodeia. Nesse processo de incongruência assiste-se a um progressivo caminhar para o adoecer psicológico, pautado por angústia permanente e sensação de alienação pessoal. A intervenção psicoterapêutica, concebida no Modelo Humanista de acordo com a Psicoterapia Centrada no Cliente, teve por objetivo facilitar a formação de uma identidade saudável, que integrasse as transformações pessoais, as exigências sociais e as expectativas em relação ao futuro. Os resultados revelam um processo de crescimento pessoal e autonomia, marcado pela expressão livre de sentimentos e maior aceitação de si.
Análise do conhecimento de professores atuantes no ensino fundamental acerca da linguagem escrita na perspectiva do letramento
Authors: Berberian Ana Paula , Bortolozzi Kyrlian Bartira , Massi Giselle , Biscouto Angela Regina , Enjiu Andréa Jully , Oliveira Karina de Fátima Portela de
Published: February 2013

OBJETIVO: analisar o conhecimento que um grupo de professores inseridos na rede pública do ensino fundamental tem sobre concepções de escrita e sobre o conceito de letramento. MÉTODO: os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de questionário abrangendo formação profissional e conhecimento acerca da linguagem escrita e do letramento. Os questionários foram respondidos por escrito e individualmente, após assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. A análise estatística dos resultados foi realizada a partir do Teste de Fisher, ao nível de significância de 0,05 e do Teste qui-quadrado, ao nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: não houve diferença significante entre o conhecimento dos professores acerca da concepção de linguagem escrita, letramento, alfabetização e dos motivos que levaram a incorporação do conceito de letramento no sistema educacional e o período de formação no magistério. Predominou, entre os professores, uma concepção de linguagem como código/instrumento e representação da fala (80%). Apesar de 80% dos professores terem realizado leitura de textos acerca do letramento e 84,8% identificar diferenças entre esse conceito e a alfabetização, apenas 12% estabeleceu adequadamente tal diferenciação. CONCLUSÃO: há restrições quanto ao conhecimento dos professores sobre concepções da escrita e, portanto, limitações para o estabelecimento de associações teórico-práticas efetivas para a promoção de práticas de leitura e escrita significativas, junto ao processo de ensino/aprendizagem da língua portuguesa nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental. O estudo oferece elementos para o delineamento de propostas formuladas no campo da Fonoaudiologia voltadas à educação que objetivem a socialização de conhecimentos e a promoção do letramento.
Navigating Medical Issues in Shale Territory
Authors: Saberi Pouné
Published: February 2013

The introduction of natural gas drilling with high-volume hydraulic fracturing to Pennsylvania and neighboring states since 2004 has been accompanied by numerous reports of varied symptoms and illnesses by those living near these operations. Pollutants with established toxic effects in humans may be introduced into the environment at various points during gas extraction and processing. Some community residents, as well as employees of the natural gas industry, believe that their health has deteriorated as a result of these operations and have sought medical care from local practitioners, who may have limited access to immediate toxicological consultations. This article reviews taking an environmental exposure history in the context of natural gas activities, underscoring the importance of thorough and guided history-taking in the discovery of environmental exposure clusters. It also highlights the critical need for funding, research, and peer-reviewed studies to help generate the body of evidence that is needed by practitioners.