bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BAYAM MERAH PADA OLAHAN PEMPEK IKAN TENGGIRI DITINJAU DARI SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK DAN KADAR ZAT BESI (Fe)
Authors: Novianty Novianty
Published: December 2023

Pendahuluan: Pempek merupakan salah satu makanan khas Palembang yang bahan utamanya menggunakan daging ikan dan pati (tepung tapioka). Pempek dengan penambahan bayam merah dapat dimanfaatkan dengan baik sebagai bahan makanan alternatif sumber zat besi. Tujuan  : bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan bayam merah terhadap sifat organoleptik dan kadar zat besi (Fe) pada pempek ikan tenggiri. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 2 kali pengulangan. Perlakuan berupa penambahan bayam merah sebanyak 0%, 15% dan 25%. Panelis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah panelis agak terlatih berjumlah 30 orang. Analisis hasil uji organoleptik menggunakan uji Normalitas dengan Excel sedangkan hasil uji kadar zat besi menggunakan uji Anova dan DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range). Kesimpulan: (1) Diketahui daya terima olahan pempek ikan tenggiri berdasarkan penilaian warna, aroma dan rasa lebih banyak disukai oleh panelis adalah P0 (Kontrol) tanpa penambahan bayam merah dengan hasil rata – rata warna sebesar (5,9), aroma sebesar (5,6) dan rasa sebesar (5,9) sedangkan berdasarkan penilaian tekstur yang lebih banyak disukai oleh panelis adalah P1 dengan penambahan bayam merah 15% dengan hasil rata – rata tekstur sebesar (5,8). (2) Diketahui berdasarkan hasil uji Laboratorium kadar pempek dengan penambahan bayam merah yang memiliki kadar zat besi yang tertinggi adalah pempek dengan penambahan bayam merah 25% yaitu sebesar 1.22 mg/100 g (P2) daripada (P1) yaitu sebesar 1.08 mg/100 g. Dan kadar zat besi perbandingan diantara keduanya yaitu sebesar 0,14 mg.
Chitosan – hydrogen iodide salt supported graphite electrode: A simple and novel electrode for the reduction of nitro group under electrochemical condition
Authors: Deena P. L. , Selvaraj Savariraj Joseph , Thomas K. Joby
Published: December 2023

The present investigation provides a unique, simple, selective and efficient method for the electrochemical reduction of aromatic nitro groups into amines using chitosan-hydrogen iodide salt supported graphite electrode. 3:1 tetrabutyl ammonium chloride and acetic acid mixture was used as the medium for electrolytic process and a constant voltage of 5 V applied between the modified electrodes. The reaction was found to be selective and further reduction of amines was not observed. The purity of the products was checked with HPLC and characterized using spectroscopic tools. The electrochemical synthesis resulted in moderate to good yields of amino compounds which were higher than the reduction using conventional graphite electrodes. Quaternary ammonium chloride behaved as supporting electrolyte during synthesis and the reaction did not progress in the absence of acetic acid. The redox characteristic of the process was studied by cyclic voltammetry of the reaction mixture.
Synthesis of β-amino alcohols by ring opening of epoxides with amines catalyzed by sulfated tin oxide under mild and solvent-free conditions
Authors: Krishna Chintalapudi Rama , Seetharam K. Aparna , Satyadev T. N. V. S. S.
Published: December 2023

One significant and elegant method for creating β-amino alcohols, which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of many different natural and synthetic pharmaceutical compounds, is to open the rings of epoxides with amines. When sulfated tin oxide catalyst (2 mol%) is present, epoxides can open their rings and react with amines to produce corresponding β-amino alcohols in good to high yields under mild circumstances. Under clean circumstances and in a short amount of time, the reaction demonstrated high regioselectivity and functioned well with both aromatic and aliphatic amines at room temperature.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge regarding Cervical Cancer among women Residing at Rajanagaram
Authors: Roja Usurumarthi , Koteswaramma Devarakonda
Published: December 2023

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among women worldwide. The incidence and mortality from cervical cancer remain very high and many women seek health facilities in the late stage of the disease. An extensive health education program on cervical cancer is necessary for women. According to National Cancer Control programmed cancer has become one of the ten leading causes of death in India. It is estimated that there are nearly 2-2.5 million cancer cases at any given point in time. Materials and Methods: Community-based cross-sectional descriptive research design was adopted. A non-probability sampling technique was used to select the samples. Their knowledge regarding cervical cancer was assessed by using a checklist. The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The level of significance was set at 0.05level. The results showed that 69.33% of women had inadequate knowledge, 28.67% of women had moderate knowledge and 2% had adequate knowledge. The test mean was 13.61, the standard deviation was 5.27. The study concluded the need for bringing awareness to women regarding the prevention of cervical cancer
The Potential Role of Manufacturers' Orders in the Linear-Quadratic Flexible Accelerator Model
Authors: Williams Corey J.M.
Published: December 2023

The linear-quadratic flexible accelerator model has been a staple for empirical analysis within the inventories literature. A key assumption of the model is that sales are a proxy for demand, thus inventories are generated in instances where production does not equilibrate with demand. We seek to improve upon the benchmark linear-quadratic model by introducing firm orders, thus allowing for differentiation between realized and expected demand. Estimation results suggest that the omission of orders heavily biases the coefficient sign and magnitude associated with sales. Furthermore, the estimated adjustment speed of orders is both larger in magnitude and statistical significance than for sales. The disparity in the rates of adjustment between expected and realized demand provides a new contribution towards understanding the adjustment speed puzzles pervasive in the literature. Finally, the addition of orders provides stronger evidence of a cointegrating relationship in a trivariate system of equations versus a standard bivariate system containing strictly inventories and sales. However, exogenous order shocks do not seem to meaningfully impact inventory investment, nor sales. Furthermore, forecast error variance for sales, and inventories are not well explained by orders. These results suggest that orders are important in explaining the underlying data generating processes for sales, and inventories, as well as the long-run relationship between inventory, and sales, but offer little in forecasting potential.
Measurement of the Turkish Authority Music Voice Training Process at the Initial Stage with Acoustic Parameters
Authors: AYAZ Nuran , SEVİNÇ Sema
Published: December 2023

Objective sound analysis methods In this study, prepared in the screening model for due diligence, Selcuk University Dilek Sabancı State Conservatory Department of Traditional Turkish Music Department of Turkish Art Music I. The Control and Experimental groups created with the participation of 18 classroom students consisted of 9 students each. All the voice training exercises, studies and works written by the researcher to the experimental group were applied, while the control group was briefly pre-prepared only for the opening of the voice and the teaching of the work was carried out. This study was applied to the control and experimental group simultaneously for 14 weeks. This study aims to determine the positive change in the development of sound in the initial stage of Turkish Makam Music Sound Education, the content of the courses and the sound education applied by the educators. This study covers a sample created with the idea that it will contribute to the development of Turkish music style and attitude and will help academic studies to be conducted in order to perform exercises, etudes and makam works consisting of voice training techniques used in Western Music education and Turkish music Makams. In this study, prepared in the screening model for due diligence; Selçuk University Dilek Sabancı State Conservatory Department of Traditional Turkish Music Department of Turkish Art Music Anasanat I. The Control and Experimental groups created with the participation of 18 students of the class consisted of 9 students. All the voice training exercises, studies and works written by the researcher to the experimental group were applied, and the control group was briefly pre-prepared for the opening of only the voice and the teaching of the work was carried out. This study was applied to the control and experimental groups at the same time for 14 weeks. This study aims to determine the positive change in the development of sound at the initial stage of the audio training provided by the Turkish Authorities, the content of the courses and the audio training applied by the educators.
Yapı Malzemelerinin Gömülü Karbon Miktarına Etkisi: Örnek Bir Yapı Üzerinden İnceleme
Authors: KÖKSAL Betül
Published: December 2023

Bu makale gömülü karbon miktarının örnek bir yapı modeli üzerinden tespitine dair bir çalışmadır, bu çalışmada bir BIM yazılımı ile oluşturulan bir yapı biriminin malzeme seçiminin değişmesiyle gömülü karbon miktarının nasıl değiştiği analiz edilmiştir. Literatür taraması sonucunda mevcut konuyla alakalı kısıtlı sayıda kaynak bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma aracılığı ile ilgili konuya dair literatüre katkı sağlamak ve gömülü karbon hesaplamasının yöntemi konusunda bir örnek model oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır.
Pendidikan Jasmani Perspektif Filsafat Pendidikan Islam: Sistematic Literature Review
Authors: Hidayat Azmar , Salminawati Salminawati , Usiono Usiono
Published: December 2023

Islamic education focuses more on the spiritual aspect, whereas the physical aspect is also important. While the body is one of the most important elements that make up humans. The body is a very important and influential aspect of the human being. Therefore, keeping and maintaining the body is important. This study aims to determine the form and concept of physical education in the perspective of Islamic education philosophy. The method in this research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. This approach aims to collect, review, and interpret all available evidence and information about physical education in the perspective of Islamic education philosophy. The results showed that physical education is very important and needs to be considered to maintain and care for the body and as a means of preparing a healthier and stronger generation. Through maintaining cleanliness, treating diseases, getting used to exercise and regulating eating and drinking patterns in everyday life. So that with physical education can help and facilitate the body to worship the almighty Allah. This research is certainly expected to be one of the references in people's lives about the importance of physical education.
INTERNAL CONTROL PRACTICES OF WAQF MANAGEMENT IN YAYASAN CANSELOR, UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA
Authors: Abd. Hanan Hanarisma Idawati Binti , Mustaffha Nazifah , Johari Norhanizah , Ismail Ahmad Yani , Musafar Hameed Latifa Bibi
Published: December 2023

Internal controls are essential to the achievement of organizational objectives. In any organization, the absence of these controls could contribute to the unreliability of financial reporting, the inability to achieve effectiveness and efficiency, and noncompliance with applicable regulations and laws. This study investigates the waqf unit's internal control practices at Yayasan Canselor Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (YCUKM). The investigation of internal control practices in the waqf unit was guided by the Committee on Sponsoring Organizations (COSO, 2013) internal control framework. Interviews and reviews of pertinent documents were utilized to collect data. The investigation revealed that the waqf unit of the Yayasan Canselor Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (YCUKM) had implemented all five internal control procedures. Control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring activities are included. This study concludes that internal control is necessary for achieving an organization's goals. The findings may be used as a reference for enhancing internal control practices in waqf institutions in Malaysian public universities.
THE POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF MUZARA’AH IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: A FEASIBILITY STUDY AMONG YOUTHS
Authors: Abarahan Amnisuhailah
Published: December 2023

Covid-19 without doubt has tested the resilience of many sectors including the food sector. Shortage of food supply during the pandemic due to logistics has heightened measures and awareness of governments across the globe. One of the many mitigation proposed by the government of Brunei Darussalam was to kick start the involvement of more local entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector. Several efforts were made by the government including the pilot programme whereby potential individuals were given plot of lands, up to 7,000 hectares of gazetted land for agricultural development (Wasil, 2019). The allocation of lands was also timely to pick up the rising rate of unemployment in Brunei at the rate of 7.4% in 2022 alone after and during the onset of Covid-19 (CSPS, 2022). However, criteria for the pilot programme available for example having a successful registered business with a steady stream of cashflow and having the expertise in agriculture may hinder both the progress of the sector and youth’s employability prospects, as well as wastage of the allocated lands. This study investigates the potential application of muzara’ah, a traditional Islamic contract used in agriculture to be used in Brunei Darussalam among youths. The study aims at investigating the feasibility through documentation analysis as well as semi-structures interviews with youths as one of the important stakeholders for the improvement of the agricultural sector. The study projects a positive acceptance of muzara’ah among the youths as they see bigger opportunities in using the contract if coupled with the pilot scheme for agriculture development. The research suggests further collaboration between government and institutional agencies involved with local agripreneurs to better understand and open further opportunities using the muzara’ah contract for application.
THE POTENTIAL OF ISLAMIC CROWDFUNDING TO FINANCE SMALL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohd Sofie Ahmad Tarmidzi , Muneeza Aishath
Published: December 2023

In an era marked by a multitude of global challenges, such as geopolitical tensions like the Russia-Ukraine conflict, regional lockdowns affecting key Chinese provinces, and the strict enforcement of monetary policies, all exacerbated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has further intensified funding challenges for infrastructure projects, this study delves into the potential of Islamic crowdfunding as a means to finance small-scale construction projects in Malaysia. Utilizing qualitative research and content analysis, this investigation explores the applicability of crowdfunding within Malaysia's construction sector. Data collection involves a comprehensive review of pertinent literature and documents, with thematic analysis revealing crucial insights. The paper introduces a framework that harmonizes crowdfunding principles with Islamic ethical values, aiming to foster inclusive economic growth. This research advocates for collaboration among various stakeholders, including Islamic crowdfunding platforms, construction companies, investors, and regulatory authorities, to harness the potential of Islamic crowdfunding. By doing so, they can contribute to Malaysia's economic growth, social development, and the expansion of ethical finance within the construction industry.
STRIVING FOR AUTHENTICITY: ENHANCING SHARIAH-COMPLIANCE IN HOME FINANCING PRODUCTS WITHIN MALAYSIA'S ISLAMIC FINANCE INDUSTRY
Authors: Badeeu Fathimath Nashwa , Muneeza Aishath
Published: December 2023

Islamic finance, founded on the principles of promoting genuine economic activities through Shariah-compliant commercial contracts, has evolved significantly since its formal institutionalisation in the 1960s. However, the prevailing focus on rule-based Shariah compliance rather than authentic economic engagement has raised pertinent questions about the industry's direction. This study aims to scrutinise the landscape of Islamic finance products employed in home financing within Malaysia and explore avenues to enhance authenticity in Islamic finance. Employing a qualitative approach, utilising the content review method to investigate the subject matter, the research identifies a prevalent reliance on Tawarruq contracts among Malaysian banks' home financing products. This overreliance on Tawarruq prompts concerns regarding the authenticity and Shariah compliance of these financial instruments. The study emphasises the imperative need to address this challenge and offers a set of recommendations to bolster the authenticity and Shariah compliance of home financing products. Key among these recommendations is the call to move away from Tawarruq-based contracts, drawing inspiration from countries like Oman, where Tawarruq is generally prohibited except in exceptional circumstances. This proactive shift towards authenticity can pave the way for Malaysia's Islamic finance sector to offer more genuinely Shariah-compliant financial solutions and align more closely with the industry's core objectives of promoting economic justice and ethical financial practices.
TA’WIDH: AN ANALYSIS OF ISSUES ARISE IN LIGHT OF RECENT DECIDED CASES IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohd Zawawi Nurul Syahirah , Hassan Rusni
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the issues that have come into light in regards to the application of Ta’widh and Gharamah by the Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) in Malaysia.  The concept of charging penalty on customers who failed to make repayment of Islamic financing as scheduled has been introduced by the Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) through their guideline in 1998 but the concept of Ta’widh and Gharamah was introduced in 2010 and only in 2012 that the guideline which explains the method of calculation of the Late Payment Charge (LPC) which consists of Ta’widh and Gharamah was introduced. The application of LPC, especially Ta’widh which is allowed by the BNM to be included in profit distributable to the depositors and investors has to be treated by the IFIs with utmost precautions as mistakes in the application may expose the IFIs towards the risk of Shariah Non-compliance (SNC). The study adopts a qualitative method of study where data which is the reported court cases were obtained from online databases such as Lexis Advance Malaysia and CLJ Law and journal articles that helps in the process of analysing the data were acquired from results in search engines such as Google and Google Scholar. This study suggests that the knowledge in Ta’widh and Gharamah is yet to be fully acquired by the contracting parties. In hope to play a part in the development of the Islamic finance industry in Malaysia, the study is significant in ensuring any discrepancy between the issuance of SAC BNM’s regulations and its application by the IFIs is addressed and consequently helps in reducing the risk of SNC.
A Proposed Integrated Temporary Cash Waqf and Salam for Agri-Financing for Rice Farmers in Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad Mahadi
Published: December 2023

The study posits ‘back-to-salam based temporary cash waqf model’ through an instrument to enable Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI) and Indonesian Waqf Funds (TWI) viable for this role. The paper employs qualitative research methodology using literature study to derive proper pedigree. It is against this reason the paper undertakes a theoretical study of the model through the study of the fiqhi and Sharīʿah issues on it. Major findings of the paper show that the model will enable BWI and TWI collectively, a viable source of agri-financing, jobs creation, wealth circulation and alternative to riba yielding loan in Indonesia as well as boosting its agricultural productivities. The model, apart from its agri-financing and wealth circulation, it is also a credit enhancement for cash waqf fund raising, to motivate the donors through the profitability of the salam stage. The previous studies have not explored this model as an instrument to propel potential donors.
Analyzing The Performance of Indonesian Islamic Rural Banks: Does Bank Size Matter?
Authors: Fithria Annisa , Sholihin Mahfud
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to analyze the effect of bank size on performance of Indonesian Islamic rural banks. To achieve this objective, this study analyzes quarterly panel data of financial report from Indonesian Islamic rural banks from Q12011 to Q42016 with total 3,222 observations. Performance, as the dependent variable in this study, is measured by return on assets. Bank size, as the independent variable in this study, is measured by natural logarithm of total assets. In addition, this study also uses financing ratio, capital ratio, nonperforming financing, GDP growth rate and inflation rate as control variables. The result shows that the size has a positive and significant effect on performance in small banks. By examining the effect of bank size on performance of Indonesian Islamic rural banks, this study is expected to fill the gap in literature of Islamic financial institutions in Indonesia, especially the Islamic rural banks.
ADOPTING QARD AL-HASAN AND MUDARABAH CROWDFUNDING FOR MICRO ENTERPRISE
Authors: Muhammad Raji Aderemi Abdulmajeed , Ishak Muhammad Shahrul Ifwat
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to explore the viability of Qard al-Hasan and Mudarabah as crowdfunding instruments to support microenterprise. It is learned that microenterprise have experienced challenges in terms of funding their project as well as to expend their operations, due to strict procedures from traditional financial institutions. Also, the current practices of crowdfunding are not fully Shari’ah compliant, thus alternative is needed. However, the study utilizes secondary data with descriptive and comparative approaches. The findings indicate that both models could be an alternative Shari’ah financing for entrepreneurs. While Qard al-Hasan can focus on business start-up, Mudarabah can play more significant in expending the current business to be more competitive. Though both models are associating with several risks including risk of non-payment, risk of miss-management, and inflation risk, these risks can be mitigated through proper reviewing of the proposal by crowdfunding platforms before the campaign is launched as well as closely monitoring the project.
UNDERSTANDING ABANDONED HOUSING PROJECTS IN MALAYSIA AND THE PROTECTION FOR HOME BUYERS
Authors: Mohamad Nurun Nadia
Published: December 2023

Abandoned housing projects is considered as one of the most common and serious issue afflicting the Malaysian housing industry given the numbers of housing projects involved.  This situation is a nightmare as it affects the home buyers in particular. Among the initiatives put forward by the government to cater this issue is by the enforcement of provisions enacted through the Housing Development (Control and Licensing) Act in 1966. The Act provides control and licensing guidelines for the housing developers particularly on houses under construction in Peninsular Malaysia to protect the interests of the home buyers. In addition, the Act also introduced Tribunal for Homebuyers Claims under Section 16B as an avenue for the affected home buyers to claim for damages and compensation from the irresponsible housing developers. However, abandoned housing projects remains to be the subject of debate as the rights of the affected home buyers to own a house is seized and abandoned housing projects numbers are still recorded high in the statistic. This study aims to discuss the roots and impacts of abandoned housing projects towards the home buyers as well as the available protection for home buyers of houses under construction in Malaysia. Hence, this study adopts conceptual analysis of relevant literatures and a doctrinal legal research method. The authors also highlight certain lacunas in the existing protection and recommendation to strengthen the protection of home buyers in the event of abandoned housing projects in Malaysia.
ENHANCING GOOD GOVERNANCE PRACTICES OF WAQF INSTITUTIONS: LEARNING FROM SHARIAH GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: HASSAN RUSNI , YUSOFF ADNAN
Published: December 2023

Throughout Islamic history, waqf is proven as an excellent mechanism for the development of the socio-wellbeing of the Muslim community. Waqf assets can be used for religious and social welfare purposes like building mosques, public health, transportation and education and others. However, due to the limited regulatory framework and control over waqfinstitutions, there are many undesirable issues regarding the waqf management authority. If these issues continue, the waqf institutions will have a negative public image and undermine the objective of the Waqf. This paper highlights the issues on lack of good governance practices in waqf and proposes that waqf institutions should be learn from the established Shariah Governance Framework of Islamic Financial Institutions. The Shariah Governance Framework for Islamic Financial Institutions has been established and well-practiced in the Islamic Finance industry for nearly 10 years. Throughout these years, the industry has seen the excellent impact of good Shariah governance practices in terms of enhancing administration and management of the Islamic financial institutions and thus supporting tremendous growth of the industry. Both waqf and Islamic Financial Institutions share the common basis that they are Shariah compliant based institutions. As such, learning from the success of the other is highly advocated. Thus this paper will examine the governance framework for waqf which is based on trust, accountability, God consciousness, hisbah, and mutual consultation. These principles will be examined and analyse in the context of Shariah Governance Framework of Islamic Financial Institutions to see how Waqf can benefit and learn from the good practices of Islamic Financial Institutions. It is submitted that having a good governance system is a vital way to resolve the issues faced by waqf institutions, which leaves governance an unquestionable aspect for the success of waqf institutions.
Joint Calibration of MIMO Radar Arrays under Multiple Signal Sources
Authors: Wang Bin , Xie XiaoYu , Yin Shufei
Published: December 2023

Article
Joint Calibration of MIMO Radar Arrays under Multiple Signal Sources

Bin Wang 1, Xiaoyu Xie 1, and Shufei Yin 1,2,*

1 Shanghai Baolong Automotive Corporation
2 School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
* Correspondence: yinshufei@chinabaolong.net
 
 
Received: 7 October 2023
Accepted: 2 November 2023
Published: 6 December 2023
 

Abstract: The 4D vehicle-mounted millimeter-wave radar can simultaneously measure the horizontal and vertical angles, which depends on the arrangement of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) array antenna. In practical engineering applications, to ensure the calculation accuracy of horizontal angle and vertical angle, it is necessary to calibrate the array phase error and array antenna spacing error. In this paper, aiming at the simultaneous occurrence of array amplitude-phase errors and array antenna spacing errors, a mathematical model of MIMO antenna array errors is established. At the same time, the impact of array errors is analyzed by simulation. An array joint calibration method under multi-source is proposed, and the proposed calibration method is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the array phase error and the array spacing error can be calibrated at the same time through this calibration method, which can meet the calibration requirements in the mass production process of vehicle radar. The calibration method mentioned in this paper has the advantages of simplicity and high efficiency for the calibration of vehicle radar at this stage.
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: AMIN HAB , AHSAN M , NIAZ A , GUL R , NAWAZ S , SHAH SAH , ALI S , AHMAD F , MUNIR A , AHMAD HT
Published: December 2023

There are significant and far-reaching implications for agriculture due to the extraordinary changes in the global climate. Temperature variations affect the structure of the soil, and changes in precipitation patterns and harsh weather lead to soil erosion and other negative effects. The agricultural sector faces various obstacles, ranging from fluctuations in crop yields under climate stress to difficulties managing water due to changing climate conditions. Integrating research, presenting local case studies, and considering potential future paths may provide a comprehensive picture of the intricate interactions between agriculture and climate change.
Optimizing map coloring: Using linear programming to find the minimum number of colors
Authors: Li Yao
Published: December 2023

Map coloring is a classic problem in graph theory and it relates to many optimization techniques in mathematics such as linear programming and simulated annealing. This paper investigates the minimum number of colors required to color a map under different constraints and situations using linear programming. Specifically, it examines three different scenarios: (1) coloring each district on the map with the constraint that adjacent districts must be colored differently, (2) adding the additional constraint that two regions bordering the same region cannot be colored the same, and (3) assigning two colors to each district with the constraint that adjacent districts must be colored differently. To proceed with the research, hypotheses are formulated regarding the impact of these additional constraints on the minimum number of colors required to color the map. The data in the paper is collected by creating sample maps and analyzing the minimum number of colors required to color them under each of the different scenarios. The findings of this research suggest that the addition of constraints, indicating a complex situation, increases the minimum number of colors needed to color the map. Thus, linear programming is found to be an effective optimization technique for solving map coloring problems under these constraints. This research makes a valuable contribution to the field of mathematics and computer science, providing insights into the application of optimization techniques to real-world problems like map coloring. The findings of the research have significant implications for practitioners working in the field of optimization and inform the development of more efficient algorithms for solving map coloring problems.
Future physics prospects with CEPC and HL-LHC synergy
Authors: Xu Chonglun
Published: December 2023

After constructing the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) and the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), particle physics experiments will reach a new mass region with more incredible energy. Both types of colliders have the unique duty of searching for new particles or estimating the coupling constants of the reactions based on their different structures, providing a different focus. This presentation will discuss and cover the regions of CEPC and HL-LHC to show their complementary functions. The CEPC can answer the Higgs particle, whether it is a composite particle, how it contributes to the dark matter mass, and whether its field provides enough matter mass for the universe. It can generally provide detections below 10 TeV, leading to possible new theories. For the HL-LHC, the upgraded HL-LHC has a higher luminosity and data acquisition capability, ten times higher than predicted. It is expected to produce 15 million Higgs particles annually, five times more than the LHC. The large number of collision events provides more opportunities to measure the characteristics of the Higgs particles.
Dissecting dark matter candidates: A comprehensive evaluation of axions, sterile neutrinos, and WIMPs
Authors: Wang Xiaoxin
Published: December 2023

This article provides a comprehensive review of the three most popular candidates for dark matter: axions, sterile neutrinos, and WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). The article explores the theoretical origins of these candidates and their characteristic properties. It also examines the various observational constraints placed on them by different experiments, including direct and indirect detection experiments, as well as astrophysical and cosmological observations. The article also discusses the implications of these particle candidates on the development of cosmic structures, such as galaxies and galaxy clusters. This review aims to enhance comprehension of the present status in dark matter studies and the challenges faced in identifying the nature of dark matter. In summary, this comprehensive review provides a comparative analysis of the most promising dark matter candidates, shedding light on the latest developments in this exciting field of research.
Analysis of various methodologies for the TSP problem
Authors: Xu Sheng , Hu Xuanhao , He Weiduo , Li Kaman
Published: December 2023

Linear algebra is an important mathematical method used to solve real-life problems such as optimization. This paper chose the Travelling Salesman Problem as the topic. TSP Problem had a lot of different methods and algorithms. In this paper, the principle of each method is explained, and the comparison with the test data is shown at the end of the paper. Matlab was used to support the research. The source codes of each method were uploaded to Github. According to the test data, the branch-and-bound method performed the best because it takes the least time to run and can handle the most data. TSP Problem is widely used in real life, such as transportation. The faster the code, the better the performance of the program.
Structure and materials of alkaline fuel cell
Authors: Liu Tongtong , Xu Ziyao , Zhang Qi
Published: December 2023

To solve the problems of energy and environment, after experimentations and selections, hydrogen steps into the limelight; we call it "the ultimate energy source for the development of human society," and fuel cell technology is an essential step of pursuing the recyclable hydrogen energy. Fuel Cell is viewed as one of "The ideal power generation devices in the 21st century"; it has a high energy transformation efficiency, and the electricity generation process has a low environmental impact. If the fuel is being provided, fuel cells can continuously provide electricity, which can likely be applied in power plants, electric vehicles, electronic devices, mobile communications, and space facilities. This work focuses on Alkaline Fuel Cells. The oxidation-reduction process will be more straightforward in alkaline-based electrolytes than in acidic electrolytes, and the alkaline system will also perform better under room temperature. Besides, Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC) can use non-platinum catalysts, so the cost is lower than the other Fuel Cells. Thus, designing a Hydrogen-based AFC is what's being focused on in this article. However, AFC has its disadvantages too. First, the CO2 in air and fuel gas must be cleaned up because of the alkaline electrolyte. Furthermore, water is a by-product of the electrochemical reactions inside AFCs. Therefore, AFC performance will be seriously affected if the water doesn`t expel. Another issue that current AFCs face is the problem of CO2 poisoning. To address the above questions, we approached it from a thermodynamic perspective, compared the basic structure, material, drainage method, etc., of multiple alkaline fuel cells, and selected the more efficient ones that will be more effective for developing the AFCs.
Application of YOLOv5 for mask detection on IoT
Authors: Huang Cheng , Liu Yishen , Li Jiahao , Tian Hao , Chen Haoyi
Published: December 2023

The combination of the Internet of Things and deep learning technology is usually accompanied by many problems, such as limited bandwidth and computing resources. IoT combined with deep learning often causes system freezes or delays due to limited computing resources. Upgrading the hardware equipment of the IoT system requires a large economic cost, but using a lightweight deep learning model can reduce the consumption of hardware resources to adapt to the actual scene. In this paper, we combine IoT technology and improve a lightweight deep learning model, YOLOv5, to assist people in mask detection, vehicle counting, and target tracking, which does not take up too many computing resources. We deployed the improved YOLOv5 on the server side, and completed the training in the container. The weight file after training was deployed in Docker, and then combined with Kubernates to get the final experimental results. The resulting graph can be displayed by opening a browser at the edge node and entering the relevant IP address. Users can also perform certain operations on the results in the front end of the browser, such as drawing a horizontal line in the road to complete the local vehicle count. These operations are also fed back to the server for interaction with developers. For improved YOLOv5, the recognition speed and accuracy are faster than before. At the same time, compared with the previous version, the model itself requires less storage space and is easier to deploy, making the model easier to implement in the operation of edge nodes. Theoretical analysis and experimental results verify the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method.
TrajTransGCN: Enhancing trajectory prediction by fusing transformer and graph neural networks
Authors: Pan Haojun
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a novel model named TrajTransGCN for taxi trajectory prediction, which leverages the power of both graph convolutional networks (GCNs) and Transformer. TrajTransGCN first passes the input through the GCN layer and then combines the GCN outputs with one-hot encoded categorical features as input to the transformer layer. This paper evaluates. TrajTransGCN uses real-world taxi trajectory datasets in Porto and compares it against several baselines. The experimental results show that TrajTransGCN outperforms all the other models in terms of both RMSE and MAPE. Specifically, the model achieves an RMSE of 0.0247 and a MAPE of 0.09%, which are significantly lower than those of the other models. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in predicting taxi trajectories, indicating the potential of leveraging both GCN and transformer layers in trajectory prediction tasks. In addition, this paper includes ablation experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of using one-hot encodings of classification labels in complex real-time scenarios. In addition, a parameter study is carried out to examine how the TrajTransGCN's performance is impacted by the learning rate, the quantity of Transformer layers, and the size of the hidden dimension of the Transformer layer.
Comparison between transformer, informer, autoformer and non-stationary transformer in financial market
Authors: Wu Yumin
Published: December 2023

This paper delves into the significance of predicting stock prices and carries out comparative experiments using a variety of models, including Support Vector Regression, Long Short-Term Memory model, Transformer, Informer, Autoformer, and Non-Stationary Transformer. These models are used to train and forecast the China Securities Index, Hang Seng Index, and S&P 500 Index. The results of the experiments are measured using indicators such as Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Square Error. The findings show that the Non-Stationary Transformer model has the highest prediction accuracy. Additionally, a simple trading strategy is designed for each model and their Sharpe and Calmar ratios are compared. Since Autoformer has the highest Sharpe and Calmar, it can be concluded that Autoformer is the most practical in financial market among the four models. This research contributes to the field of stock price prediction by providing an empirical study on the application of Transformer and its derivative models which have been less explored in this domain. In conclusion, this paper offers valuable insights and recommendations for data scientists and financial engineer and introduces new methods for predicting stock prices.
Machine learning techniques for predicting home rental prices in India
Authors: Jayadharshini P. , Santhiya S. , Keerthika S. , Abinaya N. , Priyanka S.
Published: December 2023

Predicting the selling price of houses has become increasingly crucial as land and housing prices rise annually. This task is particularly challenging for metropolitan areas like Chennai and Bangalore. Therefore, there is a growing demand for an easier and more effective approach to forecast house rental prices, ensuring future generations have access to reliable predictions. Several key factors, such as the house's location and area, significantly influence rental prices. In this paper, a dataset comprising ten similar crucial features is utilized. The model is developed using a Python library, where the data is preprocessed and prepared to ensure cleanliness for constructing the model. Various machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, Linear Regression, Decision Tree Regression, and Gradient Boosting, are employed. Through feature extraction, it is determined that area and property type are the most important features that significantly impact rental prices. Among the techniques used, gradient boosting yields the most satisfactory predictive results for rent based on evaluation metrics like Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and R-Squared Metric (R2).
Kriptografik Yapılar için Seçmeli Kaotik Permütasyonlar Tabanlı Yeni bir S-box Üretme Algoritması
Authors: ARTUĞER Fırat
Published: December 2023

Kriptografi, güvenli olmayan ağlar üzerinden iletilen verilerin korunması için algoritmalar tasarlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu algoritmalar, verileri şifreler ve üçüncü kişiler tarafından ele geçirilse bile, veriyi anlaşılmaz hale getirir. S-box, algoritmada karıştırma adı verilen temel gereksinimlerden birini sağlamaktadır. Lineer olmama değeri yüksek bir s-box yapısı, çeşitli saldırılarına karşı güvenliği oldukça arttırmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bir şifreleme algoritmasında s-box oldukça hayati bir önem taşımaktadır. Literatüre bakıldığında kaos tabanlı s-box yapıları sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Ancak kaos ile üretilen s-box ‘ların lineer olmama değeri düşüktür. Bu makalede, bu problemin üstesinden gelmek için yeni bir algoritma önerilmiştir. Önerilen yöntemde öncelikle herhangi bir kaotik harita yardımıyla bir s-box üretilir. Daha sonra bu s-box ‘da yine aynı kaotik harita ile seçilmiş iki elemanın yeri değiştirilerek lineer olmama değeri kontrol edilir. Bu değer arttığında s-box güncellenir. Bu şekilde sadece 100 yineleme sonucunda lineer olmama değeri 107.5 olan bir s-box üretilmiştir. Bu değer literatürdeki birçok çalışmayı geride bırakmaktadır.
Monel 400 Nikel Esaslı Süper Alaşımın Tornalanmasında Oluşan Kesme Kuvveti Bileşenlerinin Değerlendirilmesi ve Yapay Sinir Ağları ile Modellenmesi
Authors: ÖZLÜ Barış , UĞUR Levent
Published: December 2023

Yapılan çalışma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci Bölüm, Monel 400 alaşımının farklı kesme parametrelerinde tornalanması sonucu kesme parametrelerinin kesme kuvveti bileşenlerine ve esas kesme kuvvetine etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci bölüm ise farklı kesme parametrelerinde yapılan tornalama deneylerinde ölçülen kesme kuvveti bileşenlerinin Yapay Sinir Ağları (YSA) yöntemiyle tahmininden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada kesme parametresi olarak üç farklı kesme hızı (60-85-110 m/dak), üç farklı ilerleme miktarı (0,05-0,07-0,09 mm/dev) ve üç farklı kesme derinliği (0,4-0,8-1,2 mm) seçilmiştir. Kesme kuvveti bileşenlerinin (Fz, Fx ve Fy) ölçümü A KISTLER 9257 B tipi piezoelektrik dinamometre ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kesme kuvveti bileşenlerinin tahmininde YSA yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Monel 400 alaşımının tornalanmasında en düşük kesme kuvveti bileşenleri 0,4 mm kesme derinliğinde, 110 m/dak kesme hızında ve 0,05 mm/dev ilerleme miktarında Fz:227,48 N, Fy:154 N ve Fx:99,16 N ölçülmüştür. YSA yöntemini ile tahmin edilen kesme kuvveti bileşenleri ile deneysel sonuçlar incelendiğinde YSA yöntemini ile yapılan tahminlerin yüksek doğruluk içerdiği görülmüştür.
Pemikiran Qiyas dan Implementasinya di Era Modern
Authors: Hasan Assidiqi Ali , Sadiyah Dini , Mujtahid
Published: December 2023

In the midst of modern currents full of new things, it is undeniable that friction between things that have never happened has occurred. With this, Muslims need to be wary because they do not have halal law or not. One of the many foundations of legal establishment is Qiyas. Where Qiyas is used to determine a law if there is no definite proposition that establishes the law so that Qiyas here is one of the solutions used. The purpose of this writing is to explain about qiyas and its application in the modern era. The research method used is library research or literature study with descriptive analysis. The results found that 1) Qiyas is a legal method used by looking at the similarities between the postulates that have problems with problems that occur in the modern era. 2) There are three common types of qiyas including: Qiyas Awlawi, Musawi and Adwan. These three qiyas are actually the same, only the difference lies in the context of the problem. 3) Implementation that can be applied is to know the problem, look for legal propositions that explain the problem, if there are none then look for those that have the same type, then look for similarities and differences and then set the law. An example is about the viral wisky and soju laws, where the related propositions do not exist, but those who talk about the same kind are about khamar because it has in common that it is intoxicating so that the law is haram.
The Plain Of Erzurum In The Bronze Age
Authors: Kosyan Aram
Published: December 2023

The plain of Erzurum is one of those parts of historical Armenia that had played an important role in the political and economic life of our region throughout centuries, beginning from the IV mill. BC until early modern times. In the article are presented several key aspects of this area – geographical position, environment, economic potential, and brief archaeological history.