bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pea-Protein-Stabilized Emulsion as a High-Performance Cryoprotectant in Frozen Dough: Effects on the Storage Stability and Baking Performance
Authors: Li Diming , Shi Youqing , Ouyang Zhihan , Teng Yongxin , Chen Boru , Chen Yingying , Luo Yufan , Zhang Nan , Kumar Nandan , Li Yonghui , Li Bin , Zhu Xiangwei
Published: November 2024

The use of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion has drawn increasing attention in the baking industry. Compared with some of the well-recognized functionalities, such as textural improvers and flavor carriers, its cryoprotective behavior in frozen dough has not been extensively investigated. Herein, this study reported a pea-protein (PP)-stabilized O/W emulsion with good freeze–thaw stability and evaluated its effectiveness as a high-performance dough cryoprotectant. Specifically, the emulsions were stabilized by 2, 3, and 4 wt% of PP (PP-2, -3, and -4, respectively) and incorporated into frozen doughs, whose cryoprotective effects were systematically evaluated in terms of dough storage stability and baking performance after 4 weeks of storage. Results showed that the frozen dough with PP-3 emulsion exhibited the most uniform water distribution and reduced content of freezable water as reflected by the results from differential scanning calorimetry and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Moreover, the PP emulsion helped to maintain the integrity of the gluten network, thus enhancing the dough elasticity. Accordingly, the emulsion-added bread samples exhibited significantly improved loaf volume and textural properties (e.g., softness) and less baking loss. Our findings highlighted the potential of PP emulsion as a viable and high-performance dough cryoprotectant.
Enhancing the Stability of Litsea Cubeba Essential Oil Emulsions Through Glycosylation of Fish Skin Gelatin via Dry Maillard Reaction
Authors: Xing Naiwen , Tang Shikang , Wang Xuejiao , Guo Chaofan , Hu Xiaosong , Yi Junjie
Published: November 2024

Emulsions are widely utilized in food systems but often face stability challenges due to environmental stresses, such as pH, ionic strength, and temperature fluctuations. Fish skin gelatin (FSG), a promising natural emulsifier, suffers from limited functional properties, restricting its broader application. This study explored the enhancement of emulsion stability in Litsea cubeba essential oil systems through the glycosylation of fish skin gelatin (FSG) with dextran via the dry Maillard reaction. Among dextrans of varying molecular weights (10 kDa, 100 kDa, 200 kDa, and 500 kDa), the 200 kDa dextran exhibited the best emulsification performance, achieving a remarkable 160.49% increase in stability index. The degree of grafting (DG) increased with molecular weight, peaking at 34.77% for the 500 kDa dextran, followed by 23.70% for the 200 kDa variant. The particle size of the FSG–Dex 200 kDa conjugate emulsion was reduced to 639.1 nm, compared to 1009–1146 nm for the unmodified FSG, while hydrophobicity improved by 100.56%. The zeta potential values approached 30 mV, indicating enhanced stability. Furthermore, glycosylation significantly improved antioxidant activity, as evidenced by increased radical scavenging capacity in both DPPH and ABTS assays. These findings underscore the potential of glycosylated FSG as a natural emulsifier in food applications.
On the Fixed Point Theorem for Large Contraction Mappings with Applications to Delay Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Mesmouli Mouataz Billah , Akın Elvan , Iambor Loredana Florentina , Tunç Osman , Hassan Taher S.
Published: November 2024

This paper explores a new class of mappings and presents several fixed-point results for these mappings. We define these mappings by combining well-known mappings in the literature, specifically the large contraction mapping and Chatterjea’s mapping. This combination allows us to achieve significant fixed-point results in complete metric spaces, both in a continuous and a non-continuous sense. Additionally, we provide an explicit example to validate our findings. Furthermore, we discuss a general model for fractional differential equations using the Caputo derivative. Finally, we outline the benefits of our study and suggest potential areas for future research.
Housing Cost Prediction from the Perspective of Grey Fractional-Order Similar Information Priority
Authors: Wei Zilin , Wu Lifeng
Published: November 2024

In order to predict the cost of construction projects more accurately for cross-sectional data such as housing costs, a fractional heterogeneous grey model based on the principle of similar information priority was proposed in this paper. The advantages of the proposed model are proved by the stability analysis of the solution. The similarity between predicted samples and existing samples was analyzed, and the priority order of cross-sectional information was distinguished according to the similarity of the index information. The factors affecting the cost of construction projects were sorted by similarity, and the samples with high similarity to predicted samples were ranked first. Since projects with similar influence factors tend to produce similar project costs, such a ranking method can effectively utilize the information of similar projects and help improve prediction accuracy. In addition, compared with the prediction results of other models, it is verified that the method of prioritizing similar information can obtain more accurate prediction results.
Modeling of (n,m)-Type Minkowski Pythagorean Hodograph Curves with Hopf Map and Applications
Authors: Sariaydin Muhammed Talat , Yazla Aziz
Published: November 2024

In the present paper, regular spacelike spatial Minkowski Pythagorean hodograph (MPH) curves are characterized with rational rotation-minimizing frames (RRMFs). We define an Euler–Rodrigues frame (ERF) for MPH curves and by means of this concept, we reach the definition of MPH curves of type (n,m). Expressing the conditions provided by these curves in the form of a Minkowski–Hopf map that we define; it is aimed to establish a connection with the Lorentz force that occurs during the process of computer numerical control (CNC)-type sinker electronic discharge machines (EDMs). This approach is reinforced by split quaternion polynomials. We give conditions satisfied by MPH curves of low degree to be type (n,m) and construct illustrative examples. In five-axis CNC machines, rotation-minimizing frames are used for tool path planning, and in this way, unnecessary rotations in the tool frame are prevented and tool orientation is provided. Since we obtain MPH curves with RRMF using the ERF, finally we define the Fermi–Walker derivative and parallelism along MPH curves with respect to the ERF and give applications.
Mechanistic Insights into the Mutational Landscape of the Main Protease/3CLPro and Its Impact on Long-Term COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Management
Authors: Mushebenge Aganze Gloire-Aimé , Ugbaja Samuel Chima , Magwaza Nonjabulo Ntombikhona , Mbatha Nonkululeko Avril , Muzumbukilwa Tambwe Willy , Kadima Mukanda Gedeon , Tata Fave Yohanna , Nxumalo Mthokosizi Bongani , Manimani Riziki Ghislain , Ndage Ntabaza , Amuri Bakari Salvius , Byanga Kahumba , Nlooto Manimbulu , Khan Rene B. , Kumalo Hezekiel M.
Published: November 2024

The main proteinase (Mpro), or 3CLpro, is a critical enzyme in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lifecycle and is responsible for breaking down and releasing vital functional viral proteins crucial for virus development and transmission. As a catalytically active dimer, its dimerization interface has become an attractive target for antiviral drug development. Recent research has extensively investigated the enzymatic activity of Mpro, focusing on its role in regulating the coronavirus replication complex and its significance in virus maturation and infectivity. Computational investigations have identified four druggable pockets, suggesting potential allosteric sites beyond the substrate-binding region. Empirical validation through site-directed alanine mutagenesis has targeted residues in both the active and allosteric regions and corroborated these predictions. Structural studies of drug target proteins can inform therapeutic approaches, with metadynamics simulations shedding light on the role of H163 in regulating Mpro function and providing insights into its dynamic equilibrium to the wild-type enzyme. Despite the efficacy of vaccines and drugs in mitigating SARS-CoV-2 spread, its ongoing viral evolution, selective pressures, and continued transmission pose challenges, potentially leading to resistant mutations. Phylogenetic analyses have indicated the existence of several resistant variations predating drug introduction to the human population, emphasizing the likelihood of drug spread. Hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry reveals the structural influence of the mutation. At the same time, clinical trials on 3CLPro inhibitors underscore the clinical significance of reduced enzymatic activity and offer avenues for future therapeutic exploration. Understanding the implications of 3CLPro mutations holds promise for shaping forthcoming therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. This review delves into factors influencing mutation rates and identifies areas warranting further investigation, providing a comprehensive overview of Mpro mutations, categorization, and terminology. Moreover, we examine their associations with clinical outcomes, illness severity, unresolved issues, and future research prospects, including their impact on vaccine efficacy and potential therapeutic targeting.
Chromosome-Level Assembly and Annotation of the Endangered Red-Wing Fish (Distoechodon macrophthalmus)
Authors: Zhu Xiangyun , Luo Yanping , Ma Baoshan , Shen Qi , Zheng Xingyu , Xu Mei , Sheng Qiang , Wu Junjie
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The red-wing fish (Distoechodon macrophthalmus), an endangered species native to Yunnan, is endemic to Chenghai Lake. The natural population of this species has suffered a sharp decline due to the invasion of alien fish species. Fortunately, the artificial domestication and reproduction of D. macrophthalmus have been successful and this species has become an economic species locally. However, there is still little research on D. macrophthalmus. Methods: In this study, a high-quality genome of D. macrophthalmus was assembled and annotated. The genome was sequenced and assembled using the PacBio platform and Hi-C method. Results: The genome size is 1.01 Gb and N50 is 37.99 Mb. The assembled contigs were anchored into 24 chromosomes. BUSCO analysis revealed that the genome assembly has 95.6% gene coverage completeness. A total of 455.62 Mb repeat sequences (48.50% of the assembled genome) and 30,424 protein-coding genes were identified in the genome. Conclusions: This study provides essential genomic data for further research on the evolution and conservation of D. macrophthalmus. Meanwhile, the high-quality genome assembly also provides insights into the genomic evolution of the genus Distoechodon.
Identification of Key Genes Involved in Sesquiterpene Synthesis in Nardostachys jatamansi Based on Transcriptome and Component Analysis
Authors: Tang Xiaohui , Li Tingju , Hao Zhiyu , Zhao Wenji , Han Yanlong , Jia Guofu , He Zhengjun , Ren Chaoxiang , Rao Ke , Pei Jin , Chen Jiang
Published: November 2024

Background: Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC. (N. jatamansi.) is an endangered medicinal plant native to the Himalayas that is widely used in traditional medicine due to its terpenoid compounds, especially sesquiterpenes, which are abundant in N. jatamansi. However, the mechanism of sesquiterpene metabolism remains unclear. Methods: Transcriptome sequencing analyses of different parts (roots and rhizomes, leaves, anthocaulus and flowers) and developmental stages (rejuvenation, budding, flowering, fruiting and withering) of cultivated N. jatamansi were conducted using the Illumina platform. Key genes involved in regulating the sesquiterpene metabolism pathway in N. jatamansi were identified by combining component analyses of various tissues and developmental stages. Furthermore, these key genes were validated through MeJA treatment and a chemical composition analysis. Results: A transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on 24 samples from four tissues and in five developmental stages, yielding 183.18 Gb of clean data with a Q30 base percentage of 92% or above. A total of 269,136 UniGenes were obtained and annotated. Genes related to sesquiterpene synthesis were screened and validated by RT–qPCR using annotation results from various databases. Twelve candidate genes involved in sesquiterpene synthase were identified. Following MeJA treatment, an RT–qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of the NjTPS-49, NjTPS-54, NjTPS-56, NjTPS-57 and NjTPS-59 genes was positively regulated. Additionally, an HPLC analysis indicated an increase in the nardosinone content after MeJA treatment. This study demonstrates that NjTPS-49, NjTPS-54, NjTPS-56, NjTPS-57 and NjTPS-59 are potential candidate genes for sesquiterpene synthesis. Conclusion: The obtained findings establish the groundwork for elucidating the mechanism of sesquiterpene synthesis in N. jatamansi and contribute to the conservation of N. jatamansi resources.
A Single Acoustic Quantity Index as Part of an Early-Stage Digitalized Procedure for the Restoration of Baroque Theatres to Be Used as Multipurpose Spaces
Authors: Cairoli Maria , Iannace Gino
Published: November 2024

Historic theatres with a horseshoe shape, the so-called baroque theatres, constitute an architectural heritage and are of enormous importance. For these reasons, this paper aimed to identify a single acoustic quantity index as part of an early-stage digitalized procedure to improve the management of the complexity of their restoration process, both better preserving the original room acoustic field and making it variable for new different uses of the theatre space. The procedure introduces technical policies and design tools in a BIM execution plan (BEP) and is supported by a digitalization that inserts the restoration of theatres into industry 4.0. This choice was taken according to the new design goals and the new Procurement Code Directives, which underlie the use of digital technologies in this context. The described acoustic single number quantity, called a “multipurpose index”, summarizes the main room acoustic goals for when a baroque theatre is used as a multipurpose space after renovation, specifying and better controlling the requested room acoustic quality for people other than acoustics specialists, such as theater directors, and more generally for the management. As an example of this possible transition, the case study of “Teatro Ristori” is presented.
Analysis of Chemical Traits of Pollen from Nine Ericaceous Species in Southwestern China
Authors: Wang Xiaoyue , Wang Jianghu , Wang Shunyu , Li Yang , Xu Haifeng , Yi Yin , Tang Xiaoxin
Published: November 2024

Chemical traits (primary and secondary metabolites) are important features of plants. An increasing number of studies have focused on the ecological significance of secondary metabolites in plant parts, especially in pollen. Ericaceae species exhibit significant morphological variations and diverse colors, are widely distributed throughout China and are popular ornamental garden plants. The chemical trait of pollen in Ericaceae species and their potential ecological significance remain unclear. We selected a total of nine Ericaceae species from three nature reserves in southwestern China, which were the predominant flowering Ericaceae plants for each site, and measured their floral characteristics, nectar volume and sugar concentration. We determined the types of pollinators of these species based on a literature review and used UPLC-QTOF-MS to analyze the types and relative contents of primary metabolites (amino acids and fatty acids) and secondary metabolites (terpenoids, phenolics and nitrogenous compounds) in the pollen and other tissues, including the stems, leaves, petals and nectar. The results showed that each species exhibited unique floral characteristics. Enkianthus ruber, Pieris formosa, Rhododendron agastum, R. irroratum, R. virgatum and R. rubiginosum were pollinated by bees, and R. delavayi, R. decorum and R. excellens were pollinated by diverse animals (bees, birds and Lepidoptera). The pollen of these Ericaceae species was rich in phenolics and terpenoids, especially flavonoids. Grayanotoxin, andromedotoxin and asebotin (toxic diterpene compounds) were also detected in the pollen of some of the Ericaceae species in our study, and their response value was low. The relative contents and diversity of secondary metabolites in the pollen were higher than those in the nectar but lower than those in the leaves, petals and stems. The five chemical compounds with the highest content (four flavonoids, one triterpene) in the pollen were also detected in the stems, leaves and petals, and the response value of most of these chemicals in pollen was not significantly correlated with that in other tissues. Rhododendron species has a closer relationship with chemical traits in pollen compared with Enkianthus and Pieris species. The response value of total secondary metabolites in the pollen of species pollinated only by bees was higher than that of species pollinated by diverse animals. Our research indicates that the pollen of ericaceous species contains a wide array of metabolites, establishing a foundation for advancing the nutritional potential of the pollen of horticultural ericaceous species and deepening our understanding of its chemical and ecological significance.
Geographical Information System-Based Site Selection in North Kordofan, Sudan, Using In Situ Rainwater Harvesting Techniques
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim , Bresci Elena , Alotaibi Khaled D. , Abdelmalik Abdelmalik M. , Ahmed Eljaily M. , Almutairi Majed-Burki R.
Published: November 2024

The systematic identification of appropriate sites for different rainwater harvesting (RWH) structures may contribute to better success of crop production in such areas. One approach to improving crop yields in North Kordofan, Sudan, that is mostly adaptable to the changing climate is in-field water harvesting. The main objective of this study is to employ a geographical information system (GIS) in order to identify the most suitable sites for setting in situ water harvesting structures, aiming to address climate change in this area. A GIS-based model was developed to generate suitability maps for in situ RWH using multi-criteria evaluation. Five suitability criteria (soil texture, runoff depth, rainfall surplus, land cover, and slope) were identified; then, five suitability levels were set for each criterion (excellent, good, moderate, poor, and unsuitable). Weights were assigned to the criteria based on their relative importance for RWH using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Using QGIS 2.6.1 and ArcGIS 10.2.2 software, all criterion maps and suitability maps were prepared. The obtained suitability map for the entire region showed that 40% of the region area fell within the “good” class, representing 7419.18 km2, whereas 26% of the area was “excellent”, occupying 4863.75 km2. However, only 8.9% and 15.6% of the entire region’s area were “poor” and “unsuitable” for RWH, respectively. The suitability map of the delineated pilot areas selected according to the attained FAO data revealed that one location, Wad_Albaga, was found to be in an excellent position, covering an area of 787.811 km2, which represents 42.94% of the total area. In contrast, the Algabal location had 6.4% of its area classified as poor and the remaining portion classified as excellent. According to the findings from the validated trial, Wad_Albaga is located in a good site covering 844 km2, representing 46.04%, while Algabal is classified as a moderate site, covering 341 km2 or 18.6% of the area. This study concluded that the validation of the existing trial closely matched the suitability map derived using FAO data. However, ground data from field experiments provided more accurate results compared to the FAO suitability map. This study also concluded that using GIS is a time-saving and effective tool for identifying suitable sites and discovering the most appropriate locations for rainwater harvesting (RWH).
The Involvement of Resolvins in Pathological Mechanisms of Periodontal Disease Associated with Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ghemiș Larisa , Goriuc Ancuta , Jipu Raluca , Foia Liliana Georgeta , Luchian Ionut
Published: November 2024

Resolvins are specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) derived from omega-3 fatty acids that play a critical role in resolving inflammation and restoring tissues to a state of health after an immune response. Their role in chronic inflammatory conditions highlights their importance in maintaining a balance between an effective immune response and the resolution of inflammation to prevent tissue damage. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth, leading to gum damage and bone loss. Chronic inflammation in periodontal disease can exacerbate systemic inflammation and influence other conditions, such as diabetes. There is a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease, as both are characterized by chronic inflammation and exacerbate systemic and oral health complications. This narrative review aims to synthesize the current knowledge on how resolvins influence inflammatory pathways and the tissue repair mechanism in periodontal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, this review serves as a foundation for developing targeted therapeutic strategies, addressing the pressing need for effective treatments that consider both systemic and oral health outcomes.
Resveratrol and Female Fertility: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bertoldo Alessandro , Pizzol Damiano , Yon Dong Keon , Callegari Maura , Gobbo Valentina , Cuccurese Pierluigi , Butler Laurie , Caminada Susanna , Stebbing Justin , Richardson Fiona , Gawronska Julia , Smith Lee
Published: November 2024

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound that may have multiple influences on human health, including antiaging, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, antioxidant, insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective and vasodilating activities. Growing evidence also suggests a potential positive effect of resveratrol on female fertility. The aim of the present study was to collate and appraise the scientific literature on the relationship between resveratrol and female fertility. We systematically searched Medline, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase from the databases’ inception (1951, 1951, 1947 and 1900, respectively) until 9th May 2024. All in vivo or in vitro retrospective or prospective studies reporting the effects of resveratrol interventions on women’s fertility were included. We ultimately incorporated twenty-four studies into a systematic review with a narrative summary of the results; of those studies, nine were performed on women seeking natural or assisted fertility, and fifteen were in vitro studies performed on human cells and tissues in different stages of the reproductive cascade. The current literature, though limited, suggests that resveratrol may play a role in female infertility. Specifically, it may significantly and positively impact reproductive outcomes, owing to its potential therapeutic effects improving ovarian function. Further studies are now needed to better understand resveratrol’s effects and define the optimal dosage and periods of intake to maximize beneficial effects, as well as to prevent adverse outcomes on implantation, subsequent pregnancy and the fetus.
Advancing Therapeutic and Vaccine Proteins: Switching from Recombinant to Ribosomal Delivery—A Humanitarian Cause
Authors: Niazi Sarfaraz K. , Magoola Matthias
Published: November 2024

Recombinant therapeutic and vaccine proteins have revolutionized healthcare, but there remain challenges, as many are awaiting development due to their slow development speed and high development cost. Cell-free in vivo ribosomes offer one choice, but they come with similar constraints. The validation of in vivo messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has been accomplished for COVID-19 vaccines. The bioreactors inside the body, the ribosomes, deliver these proteins at a small cost, since these are chemical products and do not require extensive analytical and regulatory exercises. In this study, we test and validate the final product. A smaller fraction of the recombinant protein cost is needed, removing both constraints. Although thousands of in vivo mRNA products are under development, their regulatory classification remains unresolved: do they qualify as chemical drugs, biological drug, or gene therapy items? These questions will soon be resolved. Additionally, how would the copies of approved in vivo mRNA protein products be brought in, and how would they be treated: as new drugs, generic drugs, or new biological drugs? Researchers are currently working to answer these questions. Regardless, these products’ cost of goods (COGs) remains much smaller than that of ex vivo mRNA or recombinant products. This is necessary to meet the needs of the approximately 6.5 billion people around the world who do not have access to biological drugs; these products will indeed serve the dire needs of humanity. Given the minor cost of establishing the manufacturing of these products, it will also prove financially attractive to investors.
Circulating Citrate Is Reversibly Elevated in Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease: Association with All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Li Yakun , Chvatal-Medina Mateo , Trillos-Almanza Maria Camila , Bourgonje Arno R. , Connelly Margery A. , Moshage Han , Bakker Stephan J. L. , de Meijer Vincent E. , Blokzijl Hans , Dullaart Robin P. F.
Published: November 2024

Circulating citrate may serve as a proxy for mitochondrial dysfunction which plays a role in the progression of end-stage liver disease (ESLD). This study aimed to determine the extent of alterations in circulating citrate in patients with ESLD, and examined its association with all-cause mortality among ESLD patients while on the waiting list for liver transplantation. Plasma citrate levels were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 129 ESLD patients (TransplantLines cohort study; NCT03272841) and compared to levels in 4837 participants of the community-dwelling PREVEND cohort. Plasma citrate levels were 40% higher in ESLD patients compared to PREVEND participants (p < 0.001). In a subset of 30 ESLD patients, citrate decreased following liver transplantation (p < 0.001), resulting in levels that were slightly lower than those observed in PREVEND participants. In multivariable analysis, plasma citrate levels were positively associated with Child–Turcotte–Pugh classification and inversely associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (both p < 0.05). Survival was significantly reduced in ESLD patients in the highest citrate tertile (log-rank p = 0.037). Elevated citrate levels were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in ESLD patients (HR per 1 Ln SD increment: 1.65 [95% CI: 1.03–2.63], p = 0.037). This association was suggested to be particularly present in men (HR: 2.04 [95% CI: 1.08–3.85], p = 0.027). In conclusion, plasma citrate levels are elevated in ESLD patients and decrease following liver transplantation. Moreover, elevated plasma citrate levels may be associated with increased all-cause mortality in ESLD patients, likely more pronounced in men.
Investigation of Silver- and Plant Extract-Infused Polymer Systems: Antioxidant Properties and Kinetic Release
Authors: Bańkosz Magdalena , Tyliszczak Bożena
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated the impact of silver particles, suspended in Arnica montana flower extract, on the physicochemical characteristics and release dynamics of antioxidant compounds in PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone)-based hydrogel systems. The hydrogels were synthesized via photopolymerization with fixed amounts of crosslinker (PEGDA) and photoinitiator, while the concentration of the silver-infused extract was systematically varied. Key properties, including the density, porosity, surface roughness, swelling capacity, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), were quantitatively analyzed. The results demonstrated that increasing the silver content reduced the hydrogel density from 0.6669 g/cm3 to 0.2963 g/cm3 and increased the porosity from 4% to 11.04%. The surface roughness parameters (Ra) rose from 8.42 µm to 16.33 µm, while the WVTR increased significantly from 65.169 g/m2·h to 93.772 g/m2·h. These structural changes directly influenced the release kinetics of antioxidant compounds, with kinetic modeling revealing silver-dependent variations in the evaluated release mechanisms. This innovative approach of integrating silver particles and plant-derived antioxidants into hydrogels highlights a novel pathway for tailoring material properties. The observed enhanced porosity and moisture regulation underscore the hydrogels’ potential for biomedical applications, particularly in wound care, where controlled moisture and antioxidant delivery are critical. These findings provide new insights into how silver particles modulate hydrogel structures and functionalities.
Safety and Efficacy Analysis of Targeted and Immune Combination Therapy in Advanced Melanoma—A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lengyel Anna Sára , Meznerics Fanni Adél , Galajda Noémi Ágnes , Gede Noémi , Kói Tamás , Mohammed Alzahra Ahmed , Péter Petra Nikolett , Lakatos Alexandra IT , Krebs Máté , Csupor Dezső , Bánvölgyi András , Hegyi Péter , Holló Péter , Kemény Lajos V.
Published: November 2024

The combinations of BRAF inhibitor-based targeted therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors currently represent less common therapeutic approaches in advanced melanoma. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of currently available melanoma treatments by conducting a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Four databases were systematically searched for randomized clinical studies that included patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma receiving chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy, or combinations thereof. The primary endpoints were treatment-related adverse events (TRAE), serious adverse events (SAE) of grade ≥ 3 adverse events, therapy discontinuation, progression-free survival (PFS), as well as objective response rate (ORR) and complete response rate (CRR). A total of 63 articles were eligible for our systematic review; 59 of them were included in the statistical analysis. A separate subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy outcomes, specifically in BRAF-positive patients. Triple combination therapy or triple therapy (inhibiting BRAF, MEK and PD1/PDL1 axis) showed significantly longer progression-free survival compared to BRAF + MEK combination therapies (HR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.64–0.9), but similar objective and complete response rates in BRAF-mutated melanoma. This safety analysis suggests that triple therapy is not inferior to combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and BRAF/MEK therapies in terms of serious adverse events and therapy discontinuation rates. However, monotherapies and BRAF/MEK combinations showed notable advantage over triple therapy in terms of treatment-related adverse events. Combination strategies including BRAF/MEK-targeted therapies with ICI therapies are effective first-line options for advanced, BRAF-mutant melanoma; however, they are associated with more frequent side effects. Therefore, future RCTs are required to evaluate and identify high-risk subpopulations where triple therapy therapies should be considered.
Black Phosphorus Nanoflakes: An Emerging Nanomaterial for Clinical Wound Management and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Smith Luke S. , Haidari Hanif , Amsalu Anteneh , Howarth Gordon S. , Bryant Saffron J. , Walia Sumeet , Elbourne Aaron , Kopecki Zlatko
Published: November 2024

Black phosphorus (BP), a two-dimensional material, has gathered significant attention over the last decade, primarily due to its unique physiochemical properties and potential role in various biomedical applications. This review provides an in-depth overview of the synthesis, nanomaterial properties, interactions, and biomedical uses of BP, with a particular focus on wound management. The structure, synthesis methods, and stability of BP are discussed, highlighting the high degree of nanomaterial biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. The antimicrobial properties of BP, including mechanisms of action and preclinical studies to date, are examined, emphasizing the effectiveness of BP against various clinical pathogens relevant to wound management. Additionally, the versatility of BP in biomedical implementations is highlighted through utilization in drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy, with a focus on scalability and reproducibility with outlined future perspectives. Despite identified challenges for translation in clinical uses, BP nanomaterial has significant potential as a versatile platform in biomedical applications, especially in wound management.
PM-YOLO: A Powdery Mildew Automatic Grading Detection Model for Rubber Tree
Authors: Li Yuheng , Chen Qian , Zhu Jiazheng , Li Zengping , Wang Meng , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2024

Powdery mildew has become a significant disease affecting the yield and quality of rubber trees in recent years. It typically manifests on the leaf surface at an early stage, rapidly infecting and spreading throughout the leaves. Therefore, early detection and intervention are essential to reduce the resulting losses due to this disease. However, the conventional methods of disease detection are both time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, we proposed a novel deep-learning-based approach for detecting powdery mildew in rubber trees, even in complex backgrounds. First, to address the lack of existing datasets on rubber tree powdery mildew, we constructed a dataset comprising 6200 images and 38,000 annotations. Second, based on the YOLO framework, we integrated a multi-scale fusion module that combines a Feature Focus and Diffusion Mechanism (FFDM) into the neck of the detection architecture. We designed an overall focus diffusion architecture and introduced a Dimension-Aware Selective Integration (DASI) module to enhance the detection of small powdery mildew targets, naming the model PM-YOLO. Furthermore, we proposed an automatic grading detection algorithm to evaluate the severity of powdery mildew on rubber tree leaves. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method achieved 86.9% mean average precision (mAP) and 85.6% recall, which outperformed the standard YOLOv10 by 7.6% mAP and 8.2% recall. This approach offered accurate and real-time detection of powdery mildew rubber trees, providing an effective solution for early diagnosis through automated grading.
Bridging the Gender Gap in Cardiovascular Medicine: Addressing Drug Intolerances and Personalized Care for Women with Angina/Ischemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: McChord Johanna , Ong Peter
Published: November 2024

Gender medicine has increasingly underscored the necessity of addressing sex-based differences in disease prevalence and management, particularly within cardiovascular conditions and drug intolerance. Women often present cardiovascular diseases distinctively from men, with a higher prevalence of non-obstructive coronary artery disease and varied ischemic manifestations, such as coronary microvascular dysfunction and epicardial or microvascular coronary spasm. This disparity is further exacerbated by elevated drug intolerance rates among women, influenced by hormonal, genetic, and psychosocial factors. The 2024 ESC guidelines for managing chronic coronary syndromes stress the need for personalized approaches to treat angina and ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA/INOCA), recommending a combination of antianginal medications. Despite standard treatments, up to 40% of ANOCA/INOCA patients experience refractory angina, necessitating a multifaceted approach that often involves multiple antianginal drugs, which can increase the likelihood of drug intolerances. Future research should focus on including women in drug studies and addressing sex-specific differences, while healthcare providers must be equipped to manage gender-specific drug intolerances. Enhanced awareness, individualized treatment strategies, and gender-sensitive healthcare policies are crucial for improving outcomes and bridging the gender gap in cardiovascular medicine.
The Evaluation of Oral Health in Patients Undergoing Dental Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bielecki-Kowalski Bartosz , Kowalczyk Oliwia , Podziewska Maja , Agier Paulina , Kroc-Szczepkowska Aleksandra , Kozakiewicz Marcin
Published: November 2024

Background: The association between oral cavities and the SARS-CoV-2 virus is an issue commonly analyzed and studied. In our study, the relationship between the dental status and social environment of patients receiving treatment during the coronavirus pandemic and COVID-19 vaccination was analyzed. Methods: This retrospective study was based on 2034 dental records obtained from the Institute of Dentistry of the Medical University of Lodz. The collected data pertaining to caries enabled the assessment of the oral cavity health of individual patients and could be compared with the undergoing vaccination against COVID-19. Results: The statistically significant results showed that unvaccinated patients compared to vaccinated patients had more teeth with caries, less teeth extracted due to caries, more teeth in total, and lower DMFT and dental treatment indexes. It was shown that, with increased age, the value of the DMFT index increases. Statistically significant differences between patients living in rural and urban areas were as follows: rural residents showed lower DMFT and filling indexes. Conclusions: No direct relationship between the vaccination of patients and oral health has been proven. Statistically, the group of vaccinated patients are significantly older than the unvaccinated, and the significant differences between the above groups are most likely due to the difference in the average age of patients in the two groups. Our study showed a lower average DMFT index and a higher treatment intensity index in people from the countryside compared to those living in a large city. In this respect, our study stands in opposition to the existing research findings.
Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction in Multiportal Approaches: Insight into Vascularized Flap Techniques
Authors: Ferlendis Luca , Bossi Bianca , Tabano Antonio , Bifone Lidia , Arosio Alberto Daniele , Espinoza Apolo Paula Nathalie , Pozzi Fabio , Coden Elisa , Bignami Maurizio , Castelnuovo Paolo , Locatelli Davide
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of anterior skull base (ASB) reconstruction using single versus double vascularized flap techniques following multiportal cranio-endoscopic approaches (CEA), based on a 12-year experience. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 46 patients who underwent ASB reconstruction after a CEA at our department between 2010 and 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 received a pericranial flap (PF) reinforced with a fascia graft, while Group 2 underwent multiple flap reconstruction with PF, fascia graft, and nasoseptal flap (NSF). The primary outcome measured was the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and the impact of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) on reconstruction. Results: Group 1 (86.9%) demonstrated no significant postoperative CSF leaks, showing that the PF, combined with multilayer techniques (including underlay sealing matrix and overlay fascia graft), effectively repaired ASB defects. Group 2 (13.1%), employing both PF and NSF, showed similar outcomes, with the dual flap approach particularly beneficial in cases of post-traumatic fistulas or when the nasal septum was spared by disease. No significant differences were observed in complications or flap necrosis, even in patients receiving adjuvant RT. Conclusions: The PF is a reliable and versatile option for ASB reconstruction, often sufficient as a single-flap technique. The addition of an NSF can be beneficial in specific cases, particularly in post-traumatic conditions or tumors with unilateral endonasal invasion. However, PF alone, when combined with a multilayer approach, minimizes the risk of CSF leakage and long-term flap necrosis, underscoring the importance of tailored surgical strategies for optimal outcomes.
The Immune-Centric Revolution Translated into Clinical Application: Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMNC) Therapy in Diabetic Patients with No-Option Critical Limb-Threatening Ischemia (NO-CLTI)—Rationale and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Rehak Laura , Giurato Laura , Monami Matteo , Meloni Marco , Scatena Alessia , Panunzi Andrea , Manti Giada Maria , Caravaggi Carlo Maria Ferdinando , Uccioli Luigi
Published: November 2024

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), the most advanced form of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), is the comorbidity primarily responsible for major lower-limb amputations, particularly for diabetic patients. Autologous cell therapy has been the focus of efforts over the past 20 years to create non-interventional therapeutic options for no-option CLTI to improve limb perfusion and wound healing. Among the different available techniques, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) appear to be the most promising autologous cell therapy due to physio-pathological considerations and clinical evidence, which will be discussed in this review. A meta-analysis of six clinical studies, including 256 diabetic patients treated with naive, fresh PBMNC produced via a selective filtration point-of-care device, was conducted. PBMNC was associated with a mean yearly amputation rate of 15.7%, a mean healing rate of 62%, and a time to healing of 208.6 ± 136.5 days. Moreover, an increase in TcPO2 and a reduction in pain were observed. All-cause mortality, with a mean rate of 22.2% and a yearly mortality rate of 18.8%, was reported. No serious adverse events were reported. Finally, some practical and financial considerations are provided, which point to the therapy’s recommendation as the first line of treatment for this particular and crucial patient group.
The Third Mobile Window Syndrome: A Clinical Spectrum of Different Anatomical Locations—Characterization, Therapeutic Response, and Implications in the Development of Endolymphatic Hydrops
Authors: Lorente-Piera Joan , Manrique-Huarte Raquel , Pérez Fernández Nicolás , Calavia Gil Diego , Jiménez Vázquez Marcos , Domínguez Pablo , Manrique Manuel
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Multiple dehiscences of the otic capsule can exhibit behavior similar to Ménière’s disease, not only from a clinical perspective but also in the results of audiovestibular tests. The main objective of this study is to characterize third mobile window etiologies from an audiovestibular perspective, while also evaluating the therapeutic response to four different treatment protocols. Furthermore, we aim to explore a potential association with the development of radiologically defined endolymphatic hydrops (EH). Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted from 2017 to 2024 at a tertiary-level otology and otoneurology unit. All patients underwent pure tone audiometry, vHIT, cVEMP, and oVEMP. Some of these patients, selected under rigorous inclusion criteria based on clinical and audiometric findings, were subjected to a 4-h delayed intravenous gadolinium-enhanced 3D-FLAIR MRI. Results: We obtained a sample of 86 patients, with a mean age of 52.2 ± 7.64 years: 62.76% were female (n = 54) and 37.21% were male (n = 32); 88.37% (n = 76) were diagnosed with superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SSCDS), while 11.62% (n = 10) had other forms of otic capsule dehiscence. The most common symptom observed was unsteadiness (44%). While surgery is the only curative treatment, other medical treatments, such as acetazolamide, also helped reduce symptoms such as autophony, falls, instability, and vertigo attacks, with a relative risk reduction (RRR) exceeding 75% (95% CI, p < 0.05). The results of the MRI in EH sequences indicate that 7.89% of the patients diagnosed with SSCDS also developed radiological EH, compared to 40.00% of the patients with other otic capsule dehiscences, a difference that was statistically significant (p = 0.0029. Conclusions: Otic capsule dehiscences are relatively unknown conditions that require clinical diagnosis. Although VEMP testing is useful, imaging studies are necessary to localize and characterize the defect, most commonly found in the superior semicircular canal. We should consider these dehiscences in cases where there is a suspicion of EH development. Further research, including in vivo neuroimaging studies using hydrops sequences, is required to better understand their relationship to potential Ménière’s disease.
The Effectiveness of an Alloplastic Epidermal Substitute in the Treatment of Burn Wounds in Children: A Comparative Clinical Study of Skin Substitutes and Silver and Paraffin Gauze Dressings
Authors: Barbachowska Aleksandra , Korzeniowski Tomasz , Surowiecka Agnieszka , Tomaka Piotr , Bugaj-Tobiasz Magdalena , Łączyk Maciej , Górecka Zofia , Chrapusta Anna , Strużyna Jerzy
Published: November 2024

Background: Children make up a large percentage of those affected by burns worldwide, with most of them suffering from severe injuries that necessitate skilled medical attention. Despite medical progress, there is still no ideal dressing for the treatment of burn wounds in children. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of epidermal substitutes in the treatment of burn wounds in children. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluates the use of three dressings in the treatment of pediatric burns at a major Polish burn center. A patient database was used to identify children who received treatment with silver dressings, paraffin dressings or epidermal substitutes from 2009 to 2023. A demographic analysis was performed to collect the following information: causes of burns, procedural details and patient outcomes. Results: There were 439 patients aged between 1 month and 18 years. For severe burns, the number of interventions was lowest among children with epidermal substitute application (p = 0.039). Paraffin gauze resulted in the greatest number of skin grafts, whereas alloplastic replacement produced the least amount of transplantation (p < 0.005) regardless of the severity of the burn. Conclusions: Epidermal substitutes offer a good dressing option for burn wounds to improve their treatment and reduce the need for skin graft coverage. In the future, extended comparative or randomized trials are needed to confirm our results.