Abstract A27: A linked data approach to discover HPV oncoprotiens and RB1 induced mutation associations for the retinoblastoma research
Authors: Jha Alokkumar , Khan Yasar , Rebholz-Schumann Dietrich , Sahay Ratnesh 
Published: March 2017

Background: LOSS or GAIN in tumor suppressor gene RB1 play a significant role as in case of loss low penetrance where only 39% of eye at risk develops in retinoblastoma. This research covers the multiple mutation types and its effects and identification of major type of mutation involved in retinoblastoma because of HPV and RB1.

Methods: First, we focus on exploring gene expression (GE) patterns for RB1 and HPV associated genes from TCGA. Second, identification of validated and non-validated standard CNV ensured using the COSMIC. Finally, the clinical profiles of filtered mutations have been validated based on ICGC pathological profiling data to infer the prognostic behavior from RB1 and HPV associated genes. In order to link and retrieve patterns of a gene from TCGA, COSMIC, and ICGC repositories, we performed following steps: transform heterogeneous data repositories and their storage formats into standard Resource Description Framework (RDF) format; to discover associations by finding specific patterns (i.e. correlations) in the GE data sets; scalable querying the large volume and frequently updating datasets covering the GE data from different repositories.

Results: HPV mutations indicated in more than 127 cancer studies shows deletion and amplifications are rare mutations.

Retinoblastoma: Expression profile of RB1 shows mutations such as nonsense, Missense or splice events and in GBM and gliomas the expression values in splice mutations (1500-200), nonsense mutations (200-600). In principal HPV associated retinoblastoma the higher expression of HPV genes results in splice junctions and lower in nonsense mutations.

Other tissues: Pattern of RB1 where the results coming from more 123 studies show the pattern of mutations similar to the results obtained from HPV associated genes. Alteration with HPV genes study based on the alteration in Altered in 90% samples of 61 cases where TP53 is holding 90% occurrence majorly as normal mutations and SNRNP70 and BRCA1 is majorly responsible truncating mutation other highly mutated genes are AP3D1, BRD4, CCHCR1, CPSF4, CREBBP, CUL3, DDX11, EP300, EP400, FRZ1, GNB2L1, GTF2B, KDM5C, NR4A1, PRP1, PLK1, SF1, SRSF1, SRSF7, SMARCB1, SNRNP70, TAF1, TBP, TMF1, TOPBP1. Whereas RB1 is associated with 11% cased of deep deletion where the V654L is the normal mutation and all others are highly truncating mutation. Survival graph for HPV and RB1 associated genes median months(m) of survival with alteration in these query genes are 103m whereas in RB1 the median month of survival are 7.63m however the disease free survival in RB1 cases are 4.50m. The p-value are 0.76, 0.67, 0.38 respectively. To demonstrate pattern of survival gene set enrichment have been performed on both gene lists where in case of RB1 genes with highest interactions are MDM2, CDK4 and TP53. In HPV genes interacting hubs are TOP1, PARP1, TP53 and ODF2. Higher interacting genes are associated with drugs. RB1 corresponded to Insulin, p a non-cancer FDA approved drug whereas HPV genes and especially TOP1 is associated with Lucanthone, Innotecan, BTBD1 and Topotecan in case of FDA approved drugs category. Cancer drugs with HPV genes are majorly associated with TOP1, PARP1 and PLK1 namely BTBD1, AZD 2281, AG14361, BI2536 and GW84382X. In ICGC effect of RB1 is on cancers e.g. melanoma 51.91% Esophageal 45.38% ovarian 31.18% liver 27.96% Pancreatic 22.55%. Associations of RB1 with other cancer mutations are either splice as in TCGA and other associated mutation with RB1 is LPAR6 majorly these mutations are in exon-region and further understand the other mutations in TCGA ICGC reveals most of these are SNPs at chromosome-13 which defines the locus of RB1 and for HPV. Higher interacting hubs from TCGA TOP1, PAPR1 and ODF2. TOP1 is associated with melanoma two donor hubs of 42.08% and 40.91% liver cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma (Virus) with 23.08 % Esophageal (15.05%) and Ovarian (11.36%). Mutations types are SNP and Splice junctions.

Citation Format: Alokkumar Jha, Yasar Khan, Dietrich Rebholz-Schumann, Ratnesh Sahay. A linked data approach to discover HPV oncoprotiens and RB1 induced mutation associations for the retinoblastoma research. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Engineering and Physical Sciences in Oncology; 2016 Jun 25-28; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A27.