bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF NANOSUSPENSION FOR IMPROVING SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION OF GEMFIBROZIL
Authors: Deshkar Sanjeevani S , Sonkamble Kiran G , Mahore Jayashri G
Published: January 2019

Objective: The study aims at the formulation and optimization of gemfibrozil (Gem) nanosuspension (NS) for improving its solubility and dissolution rate.Method: Gem NS was prepared by precipitation-ultrasonication method using ethanol as solvent, water as anti-solvent, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizer. A Box–Behnken design was employed to study the effect of the independent variables, Gem concentration in the organic phase (X1), PVA concentration (X2) and sonication time (X3) on the dependent variable, drug release after 90 min (Y). The resulting data were statistically analyzed and subjected to 3D response surface methodology to study the influence of variables on the response. NS was evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, solubility and in vitro drug release and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD).Results: On the basis of the evaluation, NS4 formulation (with 80 mg/ml Gem, 0.5% PVA concentration, and 20 min of sonication time) demonstrated highest drug content with a particle size of 191.0 nm and zeta potential of −12.0 mV. Dissolution profiles of NS indicated 2.5-fold increase in drug release than pure drug. NS demonstrated 5- and 9-fold increase in solubility, in water, and phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), respectively, pure drug. DSC and XRD studies indicated changes in the crystallinity of Gem during NS formulation. No chemical change was evident in NS as indicated by FTIR.Conclusion: Gem NS formulation could serve as a promising approach for improving its solubility and dissolution rate.
IN VITRO ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS STEM EXTRACT
Authors: P Vaijayanthimala , M Sakthipriya , B Sangameswaran
Published: January 2019

Objective: The present investigation deals with the study of in vitro anti-arthritic activity by inhibition of protein denaturation method by bovine serum albumin method and egg albumin method. Cissus quadrangularis Linn plant is a perennial tendril climber with quadrangular stem. It is used in the treatment of gout, syphilis, stomach ache, regularized the menstrual cycle, antimicrobial activity, and piles in Ayurvedic medicine, and traditionally used for the bone fracture.Method: The air-dried powder of C. quadrangularis Linn (stem parts) was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus with methanol C. quadrangularis (MECQ) and aqueous C. quadrangularis water (AECQ) as solvent. The extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure. The activities were carried out using the following concentration (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μg/ml) and compared with diclofenac as standard drug. It has significant in vitro anti-arthritic in both the methods.Result: The extract of C. quadrangularis possessed significant anti-arthritic property in MECQ than compared to AECQ.Conclusion: Activity may be due to the presence of the chemical profile such as phenolic acid, flavonoid (leuteotin), and β-sitosterol. The results of the study have suggested in the use of C. quadrangularis Linn as a potent anti-arthritic in several applications.
VERNONIA CINEREA (NEICHITTI KEERAI) REGENERATES PROXIMAL TUBULES IN CISPLATININDUCED RENAL DAMAGE IN MICE
Authors: Amuthan Arul , Devi Vasudha , Shreedhara Chandrashekara Shastry , Rao Venkata , Puri Kunal , Jasphin Shiny
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether Vernonia cinerea (VC) regenerates the proximal renal tubular cells in cisplatin-induced necrosis in male Swiss albino mice.Methods: The crude aqueous extract (CAE) of VC was fractionated from non-polar to polar using different solvents. Mice were injected a single dose of cisplatin (15 mg/kg) on day 1, which took 5 days to cause maximal renal damage. From day 6, CAE and all fractions were orally administered (200, 300, and 400 mg/kg) for 5 continuous days. On day 11, blood was collected to estimate urea and creatinine. Kidney was collected for histology and grading was done.Results: Cisplatin induced proximal renal tubular damage (grade 5) in corticomedullary junction, characterized by necrosis, proximal tubular dilatation, inflammation and vasodilation. Aqueous fraction (AF) did not show any regeneration; whereas, 400 mg/kg dose of CAE and butanol fraction (BF) showed a significant reduction (p<0.001) in proximal tubular damage (Grade 3) and 50–75% regeneration of proximal tubular epithelial cells.Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate the regenerative potential of Neichitti kashayam (CAE of VC) and its BF in cisplatin-induced proximal tubular damage in kidney. Further study is warranted to find out the dose regimen for complete regeneration, lead compounds, and molecular mechanism.
STUDY OF PARMELIA PERLATA FOR ITS POTENTIAL AS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIARTHRITIC AGENT USING IN VITRO MODEL
Authors: Diwakar Yogesh , V Chitra , Sharon S Evelyn
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic potential of Parmelia perlata. Methods: The relative study is based on in vitro anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity using hydroalcoholic extract of P. perlata (HAEPP). The preliminary phytochemical tests showed the presence of various phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides since the lichen species of P. perlata has the folklore claim of anti-inflammatory activity, thus it was studied by human red blood cells membrane stabilization method, and arthritic activity was carried using protein denaturation method using diclofenac as a standard.Results: The results showed eminent anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity in a dose-dependent manner. The membrane stabilization showed the maximum effect at 78.54% at the concentration of 1000 μg/, and the protein denaturation was also found maximum at 1000 μg/ml concentration at 79.43%. Thus, our research states the potent anti-inflammatory activity and antiarthritic effect in P. perlata. Conclusion: The HEAPP has a potent anti-inflammatory activity and antiarthritic activity. A further study has to be conducted to establish the pharmacological evidence behind the compound and the mechanism of action of the HAEPP on the inhibition of the inflammation process.
ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SWERTIA CHIRATA ON HYPOXIA-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Kaushal Kritika , Singh Harvinder , Thakur Anil Kant
Published: January 2019

Objective: Swertia chirata has been used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat several ailments such as hepatic disorders. However, the mechanistic and experimental justification to its traditional use is lacking. The present study was aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of S. chirata during hypoxia (HYP)-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats and to determine the underlying mechanism.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. chirata was prepared using Soxhlet extraction. Animals were divided into six groups (n=5). Animals in the HYP groups were subjected to HYP for 3 days (10% O2) to induce oxidative stress and hepatic damage. 50 and 100 mg/kg extract treatments were provided orally once daily for 7 days after which animals were sacrificed, and biochemical investigations for oxidative stress, liver function tests, and hepatic histopathology were performed.Results: HYP-induced marked oxidative stress as indicated by the significantly elevated mitochondrial ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and depleted catalase levels. Liver function test indicated hepatic damage as the levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and aspartate transaminase were significantly elevated in HYP animals. S. chirata treatment alleviated oxidative stress and improved liver functions in a dose-dependent manner. Liver histopathology confirmed the marked hepatic damage induced by HYP and revealed that S. chirata efficiently rescued liver from hypoxic damage.Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. chirata is a potent hepatoprotective intervention which was associated with its potential to alleviate oxidative stress and improve liver functions. Moreover, it could find clinical application as a safer and alternative remedy for liver ailments.
THE EFFECT OF DEPOT MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE ADMINISTRATION ON THE LEVELS OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE, PROGESTERONE, ESTRADIOL, AND CALCIUM
Authors: Siregar Nurelilasari , Rita Rauza Sukma , Yusrawati Yusrawati
Published: January 2019

Objective: The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone, estradiol, and calcium.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, this study was conducted in the region of Lubuk Buaya Health Care and Andalas Health Care on September– November 2017. Examination of FSH, progesterone, and estradiol levels was performed in the Laboratory Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University by ELISA method, and the examination of calcium level was performed in Laboratory Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University by calcium Arsenazo method. Then, the data were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov and independent t-test.Results: This study showed that there was a significant difference of FSH, progesterone, estradiol, and calcium levels on KB DMPA acceptors and non-acceptors with p<0.05.Conclusion: The use of contraception DMPA has the effect on the levels of FSH, progesterone, estradiol, and calcium in the blood.
NOVEL APPROACH OF EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OKRA GUM AS A BINDER FOR TABLET FORMULATION
Authors: Chatterjee Shayeri , Mazumder Rana
Published: January 2019

Objective: The major objective of the present investigation was to extract a natural polymer (okra gum) with its characterization as pharmaceutical binder and to formulate, develop, and evaluate the compression-coated tablet using okra as binder along with synthetic hydrophilic polymers like various grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).Methods: A novel extraction method was carried out using fresh unripe pods of okra (ladies finger) with the aid of organic solvents and its characterization was done. The core tablets were prepared by direct compression method which was compression coated with okra gum and HPMC.Results: After the extraction of the okra gum was carried out, the yield of mucilage obtained was 10%. It is considered as a proof for the purity of the mucilage extract. The above study reveals that the polymers were subjected to the Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry thermogram had no significant interactions between the drug and the polymers. The characterization of the new polymer okra showed that it has swelling properties, and in spite of being a hydrophilic polymer, it can be successfully used in pharmaceutical formulation as a good binder.Conclusion: In the present aspect of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of okra gum that has been used as a tablet binder. It is easily available and inexpensive. Okra gum as a binder produces tablet formulations with good physicochemical properties and good candidate for sustained release formulations.
A REVIEW ON NASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM AND ITS CONTRIBUTION IN THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: Alnasser Sulaiman
Published: January 2019

Nasal drug delivery has received a great deal of attention as a convenient, reliable, and promising method for the systemic administration of drugs. It is especially for those molecules which are ineffective orally and only effective if administered by injection. The nasal route of drug delivery has advantages over the other alternative systems of non-invasive drug administration. The present review describes nasal delivery systems in recognizing to its potential and limits. The present review is an attempt to provide some information concerning nasal drug delivery system such as limitations, advantages, mechanism of drug absorption, anatomy of nasal cavity, factors affecting of nasal drug delivery, strategies to enhance nasal absorption, strategies to extend duration of drug formulations within the nasal cavity, leading to improved nasal drug absorption, novel drug formulations, sorts of nasal drug delivery system with uses of nasal drug delivery in various diseases, and recent advancement of nasal delivery systems.
THE EFFECT OF ACUTE CONSUMPTION OF HYDROLYZED OILS ON SWIMMING CAPACITY ENDURANCE OF MICE (MUS MUSCULUS)
Authors: Silalahi Jansen , A Barus Wina , Anggraini Dwi R , Dalimunthe Aminah , E Silalahi Yosy C
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrolyzed oils of different fatty acids composition on swimming capacity of mice.Methods:The oils used were Virgin Coconut oil (VCO) and Palm Kernel oil (PKO) as medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oils, Palm oil and Corn oil as long chain triglyceride (LCT) oils. Hydrolysis of the oil was performed with Rhizomucor miehei lipase enzyme. The mice were acclimatized and tested motoric to select the mice and divided into twenty groups, each group consisted of 5 mice. Each oil in the experiment were 0.1 ml, 0.2 ml, 0.4 ml/ 20 g BW, positive control was caffeine 13 mg/kg bw. Then, the mice were placed in a glass aquarium. Then swimming capacty endurance was measured.Results:.Non-hydrolyzed oils with dose of 0.1ml significantly induced swimming capacity of mice compared with negative control (distilled water) from 184.8 increased to 248.0 seconds by MCT oil, to 239.8 seconds by unsaturated LCT oil and to 214.8 seconds by saturated LCT oil. The hydrolyzed oils increased swimming capacity ± 65% by hydrolyzed MCT oils, ±54% by hydrolyzed unsaturated LCT oil and 21% by hydrolyzed saturated LCT oil. The hydrolyzed corn oil at high dose (0.4ml) was more effective to increase swimming capacity than saturated MCT (VCO and PKO) and LCT oil (palm oil).Conclusion:The results suggest that hydrolyzed MCT and LCT oils are more effective to increase swimming capacity than non-hydrolyzed.
ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TITHONIA DIVERSIFOLIA (HEMSLEY) A. GRAY INHIBITS MIGRATION ACTIVITY AND DECREASE THE TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA1, VEGF EXPRESSION ON KELOID FIBROBLASTS
Authors: Hartati Wahyuningsih Mae Sri , Agung Nugrahaningsih Dwi Aris , Budiyanto Arief
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Keloid occurred due to abnormal wound healing, characterized by massive fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen accumulation. Tithonia diversifolia Hemsley A. Gray has been known to show antiproliferative effect against some cancer cells in vitro. However, its potential as anti-keloid has not been explored. This study aims to assess the T. diversifolia ethanolic extract effect on fibroblast migration activity, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of keloid fibroblasts in vitro.Methods: Fibroblasts were isolated from keloid collected from patient keloid tissue. The migration activity of keloid fibroblasts was assessed using scratch assay. The TGF-β1 and VEGF expression examination was done using ELISA.Results: Ethanolic extract of T. diversifolia treatment at a concentration of 20 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, and 5 μg/mL for 24 h on keloid fibroblasts culture showed slower migration activity compare to those on keloid fibroblast culture without treatment (p<0.05). The TGF-β1 and VEGF expression was significantly lower in ethanolic extract of T. diversifolia treatment group compared to those on keloid fibroblast without treatment (p<0.05).Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of T. diversifolia inhibits fibroblast migration activity and decrease the expression of VEGF and TGF-β1 on keloid fibroblasts in vitro.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND MOLECULAR DOCKING ANALYSIS OF PROLINE (PYRROLIDINE 2-CARBOXYLIC ACID) AND PROLINAMIDE (PYRROLIDINE 2-CARBOXYLIC ACID AMIDE) ISOMERS AS BACTERIAL COLLAGENASE INHIBITORS
Authors: Sundararaju Kavya , Chidambaram Ramesh Kumar , Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan
Published: January 2019

Objectives: D-proline is an isomer of L-proline, naturally occurring amino acid. Apart from this, several proline homologs and analogs are available in nature. For instance, hydroxyproline one of proline analog plays a key role in collagen function. Inhibition of collagenase activity plays a significant role in protecting the unbalanced turnover of collagen, caused due to inflammation and photoaging of skin. This prompted us to carry out the study on proline and prolinamide isomers.Methods: These proline and prolinamide isomers were evaluated on the docking behavior of bacterial collagenase using PatchDock. In addition, molecular physicochemical, drug-likeness, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) analysis, synthesis, and characterization of four prolinamide isomers were also carried out.Results: All the four synthesized prolinamide isomers showed >90% yield. The molecular physicochemical analysis revealed that proline and prolinamide isomers showed nil violation and complied well with the Lipinski’s rule of five. ADME analysis showed that prolinamide isomers predicated to have blood–brain barrier permeability. Docking studies revealed that D (S, R) prolinamide isomer showed the maximum atomic contact energy (−115.09 kcal/mol) with that of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase.Conclusion: Thus, the present study showed the potential of proline and prolinamide isomers as collagenase inhibitors.
PHARMACODYNAMICS EFFECT OF METHYLPREDNISOLONE TABLETS ON THE SERUM CONCENTRATION OF ANNEXIN A1: IN VIVO COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN GENERIC AND INNOVATOR DRUG
Authors: Nasif Hansen , Lucida Henny , Yanwirasti Yanwirasti , Aldi Yufri , Yuliandra Yori
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the comparative pharmacodynamics effect of methylprednisolone (MP) innovator, MP branded generic, and MP generic products to the serum concentration of annexin A1 (AnxA1).Methods: It was conducted by two-way crossover design in male rabbits. AnxA1 was measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 h after the administration of the drugs. The peak concentration (Cmax), the time at which the peak concentration was achieved (Tmax), and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were also determined.Results: The highest concentration and widest AUC of AnxA1 were obtained in MP innovator drug. MP innovator and branded generic reaches the peak time (Tmax) at the third 3rd h, while the MP generic reaches the peak time at the 5th h. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the serum concentration of AnxA1 between MP tablets after analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance.Conclusion: It could be concluded that the innovator drug of MP tablet gave the same effect on the serum concentration of AnxA1 than its generic counterparts, but an onset of action MP innovator and branded generic is faster than the generic product.
THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ECHINOPS HETEROPHYLLUS AQUEOUS EXTRACT AGAINST METHOTREXATE-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RABBITS
Authors: Abdulmohsin Heba , Abu Raghif Ahmed , Manna Mohammed Jabbar
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Iraqi Echinops heterophyllus aqueous crude extract and its flavonoid fraction against methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits.Methods: MTX-induced hepatotoxicity by administration of 20 mg/kg MTX intraperitoneally for 3 successive days was used as animal model, and animals were arrayed in four groups with eight animals in each group: Group 1 was the healthy control, Group 2 - the negative control receiving MTX only, Group 3 received MTX+crude extract of E. heterophyllus, and Group 4 administered MTX+flavonoid fraction of E. heterophyllus. The study duration was 10 days; at day 11, animals were sacrificed, and the blood samples were obtained for the measurement of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, and albumin as well as ELISA assay of the oxidative stress markers such as glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The liver was dissected and processed for histopathological investigation and scoring. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the significance of each result.Results: The study results revealed severe liver damage due to MTX administration in the negative control (induced-non treated) group in comparison with healthy group, also there was significant hepatoprotective effect after administration of the crude extract of E. heterophyllus, and flavonoid fraction from E. heterophyllus shown after biochemical liver function tests and anti-oxidant properties demonstrated by the measurement of oxidative stress markers MDA and GSH. The crude extract of E. heterophyllus shown superior hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect. Histopathological scoring showed a remarkable decrease in the scores of the treatment groups in comparison with the high score in the MTX only treated group.Conclusions: MTX administered in a dose of 20 mg/kg for 3 successive days causes marked liver injury, while treatment with the crude extract and flavonoid fraction of E. heterophyllus significantly ameliorates MTX-induced liver damage, although the crude extract of E. heterophyllus seems to have the most hepatoprotective properties.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF SCAPULA BY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE MALAYSIAN POPULATION
Authors: Omar Normaliza , Mohd Ali Siti Hanum , Shafie Mohamed Swarhib , Nik Ismail Nik Azuan , Hadi Helmi , Mohd Nor Faridah
Published: January 2019

Objective: Sex estimation is one of the crucial steps for human identification, which is evident in cases of commingled, eroded, and/or missing remains. When pelvis or skull are unavailable, scapula has been used as an alternative bone for determining sex. Besides, the scapula was shown to be population-specific in several studies. Limited dry bone collections in Malaysia have led to various recommendations of virtual anthropology studies of bone in human identification. The aims of this study were to investigate the sexual dimorphism of the scapula using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) imaging and to generate population-specific equations for sex determination in the Malaysian population.Methods: A total of 66 CT thorax images of 33 males and 33 females were taken. Morphological breadth (MB) and morphological length (ML) on bilateral scapulae were measured on 3D CT reconstructed images. Independent t-test and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were performed for analysis.Results: Results revealed that both parameters showed sexual dimorphism of scapula but displayed no difference between the right and left scapulae. DFA showed that MB and ML had high accuracy for sex estimation. The equations were highly accurate when both parameters were used in combination, followed by MB only and ML only, in that sequence.Conclusion: In brief, scapula measurements may be useful for forensic assessment of sex in the Malaysian population.
A RAPID QUANTITATIVE DYE-BINDING METHOD OF SCREENING GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS PRESENCE IN MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: Zahari Che Nur Mazadillina , Sham Marina Mohd , Shahabudin Sakina , Ab Rahim Mohd-hairul , Azmi Nina Suhaity
Published: January 2019

Objectives: The aims of this paper are to extract glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from four local medicinal plants and to characterize the crude extract with highest total sulfated GAG to reduce the dependency of using animals as major sources.Methods: Crude GAG was extracted from four plants (Gaultheria procumbens, Strobilanthes crispus, Orthosiphon stamineus, and Ficus deltoidea) using hot water extraction with some modifications. Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry was conducted for purity test. Total sulfated GAG was determined using Blyscan assay kit. By comparing results between the extract yields and total sulfated GAG, the plant consisting of high total sulfated GAG was chosen for further characterization. The selected plant sample was examined by microscopy and further analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.Results: All four plants showed absorbance peaks between 214 and 232 nm in UV scan that represented negatively charged sugar. O. stamineus was found to contain the highest amount of sulfated GAG, 62.63±0.01 μg/mg by Blyscan assay. Microscopical examination confirmed the identity of O. stamineus sample by comparing to the reference. Both NMR and FTIR analysis of O. stamineus crude yield showed the presence of hydroxyl, sulfates, carboxylate, and amine groups, suggesting close resemblances to GAG structure.Conclusion: The results suggested that all four plants contained GAG compound. O. stamineus was found to exhibit the most abundant total sulfated GAG and has the potential to become a new plant-based source for GAG.
Himno de las Enfermeras Mexicanas
Authors: Herrejon Pérez Ofelia Yunuen , Pérez García Ofelia , Martínez Puc José Arturo
Published: January 2019

La Comisión Permanente de Enfermería, de la Secretaria de Salud propuso la creación y difusión de un Himno a la Enfermera que refleje su filosofía, valores y razón de existir, así como las aportaciones   que hace a la sociedad en la que se desempeña. 1er lugar Estado de Michoacán Nombre Del Himno “Enfermeras Mexicanas”
Remembranzas de una generación
Authors: Hernández Orozco Gloria
Published: January 2019

Remembranzas de una generación.
La minería y el desarrollo insostenible. El estudio de caso en San Juan, Argentina
Authors: Moscheni Margarita
Published: January 2019

“La minería es el motor principal del desarrollo”, reza uno de los principales argumentos a favor de esta actividad. Este trabajo es producto de una investigación de tipo interpretativo y comprensivo, que aspira a verificar el slogan mencionado, tomando como caso la minería extractiva en San Juan, provincia ubicada en el centro-oeste de Argentina. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos está que la alta inversión extranjera en minería no es sinónimo de desarrollo, sino por el contrario, genera un crecimiento concentrado, excluyente e insostenible, vulnerando el aparato comercial externo, desplazando las producciones tradicionales y generando un proceso de conflictos socioambientales y de daños ecológicos irreversibles.
Unusual record of Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) feeding on anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in the fishery of small pelagic fishes in the Gulf of California
Authors: Barba-Acuña Isai , Gallo-Reynoso Juan Pablo
Published: January 2019

Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) range in North America from Japan to Mexico. Here we report the first record of a Pacific harbor seal feeding on Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) inside a purse-seine net of a sardine fishing boat in the Gulf of California. This event was recorded on video on January 11th, 2010, near Estero Tortuga, Guasimas, Sonora (27°50’N, 110°39’W). Sea conditions were of El Niño Southern Oscillation; this record was likely due to El Niño, forcing seals to travel beyond their distribution range in search of alternate foraging areas.
The Persistence of Specialty Disrespect: Student Perspectives
Authors: Alston Michael , Cawse-Lucas Jeanne , Hughes Lauren S. , Wheeler Tyler , Kost Amanda
Published: January 2019

Purpose: One aspect of the hidden curriculum of medicine is specialty disrespect (SD)—an expressed lack of respect among medical specialties that occurs at all levels of training and across geographic, demographic, and professional boundaries, with quantifiable impacts on student well-being and career decision making. This study sought to identify medical students’ perceptions of and responses to SD in the learning environment.
Methods: We conducted quantitative and content analysis of an annual survey collected between 2008 and 2012 from 702 third- and fourth-year students at the University of Washington School of Medicine. We describe the frequency of reported SD, its self-rated impact on student specialty choice, and major descriptive categories.
Results: Nearly 80% of respondents reported experiencing SD in the previous year. A moderate or strong impact on specialty choice was reported by 25.9% of respondents. In our sample, students matching into family medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, and emergency medicine were most likely to report exposure. Content analysis identified two new concepts not previously reported. Internecine strife describes students distancing themselves from both disrespecting and disrespected specialties, while legitimacy questions the validity of the targeted specialty.
Conclusions: SD is a consistent and ubiquitous part of clinical training that pushes students away from both disrespecting and disrespected specialties. These results emphasize the need for solutions aimed at minimizing disrespect and mitigating its effects upon students.
Conference Abstracts “Transplantation – present, past and future” (Kyiv, 7 November, 2014)
Authors: Kyryk V.
Published: January 2019

Conference Abstracts “Transplantation – present, past and future” (Kyiv, 7 November, 2014)
CO2 emission from combustion of lignite, waste plastics and biomass mixture pellets
Authors: Duranay Neslihan
Published: January 2019

Combustion is a familiar technique for disposal of urban wastes such as plastics when their recycling is impractical. It offers energy recycling and waste diminution. In this paper, combustion behaviours of blend pellets composed of binary and triple mixtures of plastic wastes, biomass and lignite in a laboratoryscale fixed-bed combustion system were examined. The materials chosen as waste plastic, biomass and lignite were, respectively, market plastic bags, furniture plant waste powder and Bing?l Karl?ova lignite. The effect of varied blend pellet composition on the combustion behaviour and CO2 emission in flue gas during combustion was examined. It was observed that the rate and efficiency of combustion increased with increasing plastic ratio in the blend pellets. It was found that the amount of carbon increased with the ratio of waste plastics added to blends, which also increased the CO2 ratio in the flue gas during the volatile matter combustion period. It was concluded that burning waste plastic bags with low-quality lignite or waste biomass could be a viable option to get rid of them and to gain energy.
Conocimientos Actitudes y Prácticas de Métodos anticonceptivos en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Central del Ecuador
Authors: Vinueza Andres Paul
Published: January 2019

Objetivos: Determinar los Conocimientos, las Actitudes y las Practicas de estudiantes de pregrado de diferentes niveles de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad Central del Ecuador.

Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal, que analiza los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre los métodos anticonceptivos .La población de estudio  fueron estudiantes de pregrado de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad Central del Ecuador de primer año a internado rotativo, se realizó la encuesta previamente validada con 29 preguntas mixtas a 246 estudiantes (hombres y mujeres aleatoriamente), de forma presencial en las instalaciones de la Universidad Central del Ecuador en el periodo entre enero y febrero del 2018.

Resultados: Se realizaron un total de 246 encuestas, hombres 139 (56,5%) y mujeres 107 (43,5%), con una media de edad de 24.25 años. El Conocimiento sobre los métodos anticonceptivos en los participantes fue alto, dentro de los más conocidos está el condón (98,4%), en segundo y tercer lugar los métodos de esterilización como vasectomía (97,2%) y la ligadura (95,5 %). DIU o espiral (94,3%), ACO (93,9%), Anticoncepción de emergencia (92,7%). En cuanto a la decisión de usar su primer método el 59.8% tomo esta decisión junto a su pareja, el 35.5% por cuenta propia y solo el 4.7% consultó con otra persona.

El método que preferiría usar en el futuro, el implante subdérmico tuvo preponderancia con un 30.5% de los encuestados, seguido del preservativo 25.6%. Consecuentemente los anticonceptivos orales así como las inyecciones anticonceptivas obtuvieron el 15.9% y 12,6% respectivamente. Los estudiantes encuestados han utilizado como método contraceptivo en mayor prevalencia el Preservativo (70,7%), coito interrumpido (37%), Anticonceptivos de emergencia (35,4%), Anticonceptivos orales (24,4%).

Discusión: La gran carencia de datos en Ecuador y América Latina sobre anticoncepción motiva a seguir investigando, ya que la salud reproductiva sobre todo en los adultos jóvenes como los universitarios es un gran problema de salud pública para un país en desarrollo, por los costos y morbimortalidad que representa un embarazo no deseado.

 

Palabras clave: Conocimiento, Actitud, Conducta anticonceptiva, Estudiantes de medicina
PENGELOMPOKAN SURAT DALAM AL QUR�AN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS
Authors: Khotimah Tutik
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAK Kitab suci Al Quran terdiri dari 114 surat. Masing-masing surat memiliki jumlah ayat yang berbeda. Ayat-ayat tersebut ada yang panjang dan ada yang pendek. Banyak atau sedikit jumlah ayat dalam suatu surat, dan panjang atau pendek ayat memberi pengaruh terhadap lama waktu membaca surat-surat dalam Al Quran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengelompokan (clustering) surat-surat dalam Al Quran berdasarkan jumlah ayat, jumlah ruku dan lama waktu membaca surat. Algoritma clustering yang digunakan adalah K-means. Dari percobaan yang dilakukan, nilai optimal diperoleh pada iterasi ke-14 dengan nilai k sebanyak 4 cluster. Cluster_0 terdiri dari 18 anggota dengan nilai centroid pada variabel ayat sebesar 106,389, variabel ruku sebesar 9,778, dan variabel lama sebesar 1333,5. Cluster_1 terdiri dari 26 anggota dengan nilai centroid pada variabel ayat sebesar 62,038, variabel ruku sebesar 4,885, dan variabel lama sebesar 662,5. Cluster_2 memiliki 7 anggota dengan nilai centroid pada variabel ayat sebesar 183,143, variabel ruku sebesar 22,857 dan variabel lama sebesar 3310,571. Sedangkan cluster_3 memiliki 63 anggota dengan nilai centroid pada variabel ayat sebesar 22,635, variabel ruku sebesar 1,508, dan variabel lama sebesar 145,635. Kata kunci: Clustering, K-means, Al Quran.
KAJIAN PENERIMAAN APLIKASI DROPBOX DALAM PEKERJAAN KELOMPOK SISWA: STUDI KASUS SMK SETIA NEGARA DEPOK
Authors: Yulistyanti Dwi
Published: January 2019

Salah satu teknologi baru mengalami perkembangan pesat teknologi komputasi awan (cloud storage). SMK Setia Negara Depok adalah sekolah kejuruan yang mempromosikan pengembangan dan penggunaan teknologi informasi untuk kegiatan belajar mengajar siswa. Oleh karena itu, sekolah merasa perlu untuk memperkenalkan media penyimpanan dan berbagi data pada siswa bahwa tidak ada hambatan untuk penyelesaian tugas, yaitu aplikasi Dropbox. Model yang digunakan dari Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) untuk menyertakan dua variabel eksternal, yaitu CSE dan TT dan 4 menerima variabel PEOU, PU, ATT dan IU untuk mengetahui aplikasi Dropbox penerimaan teknologi. Beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi atau moderasi antara jenis kelamin / seks dan tingkat / kelas. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan kuesioner dengan 176 responden. Metode pengolahan data menggunakan Model Structural Equation (SEM) dengan menggunakan AMOS 18.0. Dari hasil yang sudah di peroleh yaitu Para siswa/i SMK Setia Negara Depok sudah cukup siap dan menerima teknologi aplikasi Dropbox untuk digunakan menyelesaikan tugas kelompok siswa yang dijelaskan melalui hubungan kausal indeks terhadap penerimaan teknologi aplikasi Dropbox di SMK Setia Negara. Dengan jumlah responden yaitu 176 Ditinjau dari indentitas responden pada penelitian, responden yang memiliki jumlah lebih banyak adalah siswa kelas X1I (63.6%), jenis kelamin perempuan (77.3%), yang merupakan gabungan dari siswa kelas XI dan XII. Penilaian disini diantaranya berdasarkan pria dan wanita, setelah dilakukan penelitian pria tidak ada yang berpengaruh pada setiap variabel yang ada, sedangkan wanita sangat berpengaruh pada penerimaan terhadap teknologi, itu terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan. Dan juga Penilaian disini menggunakan tingkatan/kelas, yaitu XI dan XII, setelah dilakukan penelitian tingkatan/kelas XI tidak ada yang berpengaruh pada setiap variabel yang ada, sedangkan tingkatan/kelas XII sangat berpengaruh pada penerimaan terhadap teknologi, itu terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan. Kata kunci: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Dropbox, Moderation, Gender/Sex, Level/Class, cloud computing (cloud storage).
PERANCANGAN ALAT PENGGILING IKAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN ERGONOMI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS
Authors: Luthfianto Saufik , - Zulfah , Nurwildani Fajar
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang mesin giling ikan yang sesuai dengan desain ergonomicn, menghasilkan mesin penggiling ikan yang mempunyai produktivitas dengan rancangan kekuatan material alat dan mesin motor serta menghitung kapasitas produksi, BEP dan total biaya hasil prodiksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan perancangan ergonomic. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Perhitungan anthropometri dapat ditentukan fasilitas kerja operator dengan dimensi kursi dengan tinggi 44 cm dan meja dengan tinggi 67 cm, lebar 63 cm, panjang 130 cm yang digunakan operator pada proses penggilingan ikan yang dirancang. Penentuan kualitas motor dapat ditentukan dengan daya motor sebesar 2,83 Kw atau 3 Hp, diameter puli sebesar 20 cm, sabuk pertama 61 inch, sabuk 2 sebesar 68 inch, dengan bahan poros ST 42, tegangan tarik 420 N/mm2, bahan elektroda AWS 60xx, Kekuatan tarik elektroda sebesar 427,21 N/mm2, Tebal Pengelasan sebesar 3 mm, lebar pengelasan 40 mm dan factor keamanan sebesar N=3. Rancangan alat pengiling ikan dapat memproduksi sebanyak 39.600 gram atau lebih maka sudah berada pada titik impas (BEP) atau sudah mendapat keuntungan. Biaya total yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat 39.600 gram Rp 365.522,-
ANALISIS KINERJA ORGANISASI BERBASIS BALANCED SCORECARD PADA PERUSAHAAN JASA TRAVEL SHUTTLE DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Hermanto Bambang , . Rivani
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis research was conducted with a main objective to analyze the performance of Citi Trans Travel Company in Bandung by using the Balanced Scorecard concept. Balanced Scorecard-based performance appraisal is basically a performance evaluation using an integrated four main perspectives, namely financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process perspective, and learning and growth perspectives.The research method used in this research was the case study with the type of research was descriptive analytic study. Object taken in this research was Citi Trans Travel Company in the city of Bandung. Data used both primary and secondary data. For the validity of the data, this study used triangulation techniques, both sources and data collection techniques.The conclusion of performance appraisal of Citi Trans based on Balanced Scorecard which measured by 4 dimensions was all those 4 dimensions were on “Good” categorize, with the highest total of score was Customer Dimension, and the lowest total of score was Financial Dimension. This showed us that Citi Trans had put the customer satisfaction as their company main priority. However Citi Trans needed put more attention on their level of cost efficiency without sacrificed their product or service quality.  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja Perusahaan Travel CitiTrans di Bandung dengan menggunakan konsep Balanced Scorecard. Penilaian kinerja berbasis Balanced Scorecard pada dasarnya adalah evaluasi kinerja menggunakan empat perspektif utama yang terintegrasi, yaitu perspektif keuangan, perspektif pelanggan, perspektif proses bisnis internal, dan perspektif pembelajaran dan pertumbuhan.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif analitik. Objek yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah Perusahaan Perjalanan CitiTrans di kota Bandung. Data menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Untuk validitas data, penelitian ini menggunakan teknik triangulasi, baik sumber dan teknik pengumpulan data.Kesimpulan penilaian kinerja Citi Trans berdasarkan Balanced Scorecard yang diukur oleh 4 dimensi adalah keempat dimensi tersebut berada pada kategori “Baik”, dengan total skor tertinggi adalah Dimensi Pelanggan, dan total skor terendah adalah Dimensi Keuangan. Ini menunjukkan kepada kami bahwa Citi Trans telah menempatkan kepuasan pelanggan sebagai prioritas utama perusahaan mereka. Namun, Citi Trans perlu lebih memperhatikan tingkat efisiensi biaya mereka tanpa mengorbankan kualitas produk atau layanan mereka.
ANALISIS BUDAYA ORGANISASI PADA LEVEL MANAJEMEN PUNCAK	DI PT X MEDAN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Sukoco Iwan , Dewi Rosana
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBased on the objective in this research, the autor deeply want to know is the organizational culture that existed at PT X  Medan North Sumatra. This research use quantitative methods with survey type. Author collected data using The Denison Organizational Survey (DOCS) and  interviews. The Denison Organizational Survey (DOCS) is derived from Denison Model that emphasizes the four dimensions of culture. Data collection and interviews carried out by the top management. The results of research identified PT X  has a weak culture. The results of the questionnaire revealed an imbalance between the four dimensions of Denison Model. Involvement dimension have the highest value while adaptability dimension with the lowest score. In top level managemen  perceptions of organizational cultur has good category.  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui budaya organisasi pada level manajemen puncak PT X Medan Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis survey. Penulis mengumpulkan data menggunakan kuesioner The Denison Organizational Survey (DOCS) dan wawancara.  DOCS  berasal dari Model Denison yang menekankan pada empat dimensi budaya dalam organisasi yang harus dikuasai agar organisasi dapat berjalan secara efektif. Pengumpulan data dan wawancara dilakukan pada jenjang manajemen puncak. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasikan bahwa PT X memiliki budaya yang lemah. Sebab, keempat dimensi Model Denison yaitu adaptability, consistency, involvement, dan mission menunjukkan  ketidakseimbangan. Dimensi involvement memiliki nilai paling tinggi sedangkan dimensi adaptability dengan nilai paling rendah. Persepsi mengenai budaya organisasi pada level manajemen puncak pada kategori baik.
ANALISIS INDEKS KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PELAYANAN PUBLIK PADA DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Authors: Nurhasanah Ningrum Dhesti Widya , Hermayanty Irma
Published: January 2019

This research entitled Analysis of Society Satisfaction Index on Public Service Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Sumedang. The aim of this study is to determine the level of Sumedang's society satisfaction to provided services by the Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Sumedang.The population of this study is the community of Sumedang who got the service in Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Sumedang. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. Result of sample drawing calculation, got the number of sample are 150 responden. The analytical technique used to test the research hypothesis is quantitative analysis using the formula of IKM (Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat/ Satisfaction Index of Society) consisting of 14 elements of service.The results of the research indicate that the overall service provided by the Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Sumedang is 75.615 which are in the category of Good. The value for the average on each service element is as follows: 3.140 for service procedure element, the service requirement element is 3,027, the clarity of the service officer is 3,040, the disciplinary element of the service officer is 3,033, the service responsibility element is 3,020, is 3,040, element of service speed is 3,007, element of justice to get service is 3,020, politeness element and hospitality officer is 3,027, service cost element is 3,047, element certainty service cost is 3,027, element certainty service schedule is 3,047, and the security element of the service is 3,073.
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN WALIKOTA BANDUNG TENTANG TARIF JASA PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH ( Penelitian di Wilayah Bandung Timur)
Authors: Engkus Engkus Engkus , Zakiah Neneng
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAK             Latar belakang penelitian ini bahwa  Perusahaan Daerah Kebersihan Kota Bandung merupakan Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD) yang menjadi implementor terkait pelayanan kebersihan dan pengelolaan sampah di Kota Bandung yang diatur dalam Peraturan Walikota Bandung Nomor 316 Tahun 2013 tentang Tarif Jasa Pengelolaan Sampah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengkaji proses implementasi dari kebijakan tarif jasa pengelolaan sampah ini. Saat ini proses implementasi kebijakan dari retribusi sampah untuk kategori Komersial dan Non Komersial belum optimal dilihat pada tahun 2017 Perusahaan Daerah Kebersihan Kota Bandung cenderung mengalami kerugian, anggaran yang terserap hanya 68,40% dari biaya operasional yang telah dikeluarkan. Khususnya di wilayah Bandung Timur, kebijakan terkait retribusi sampah belum mampu dilaksanakan secara optimal dilihat dari beberapa kendala yang dihadapi sehingga mempengaruhi terhadap pendapatan realisasi dari  retribusi sampah ini.  Penelitian ini menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan mengacu pada teori George C. Edward III yang menyatakan bahwa keberhasilan dan kegagalan dalam proses implementasi kebijakan dapat dianalisis melalui keempat dimensi yaitu Komunikasi, Sumber Daya, Disposisi, dan Struktur Birokrasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian pengelolaan sampah di Bandung Timur menunjukan bahwa proses implementasi yang meliputi komunikasi yaitu melaksanakan proses komunikasi internal secara vertikal dan horizontal sudah baik dilakukan oleh Perusahaan Daerah Kebersihan Kota Bandung, namun komunikasi eksternal kepada  masyarakat masih belum optimal dilakukan. Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) seperti petugas lapangan masih kurang untuk melakukan pelayanan publik serta sarana dan prasarana operasional di Bandung Timur masih kurang. Disposisi belum dilaksana dengan baik dan Struktur birokrasi seperti Satuan Operasional Prosedur (SOP) untuk penagihan sampah kategori Komersial dan Non Komersial sudah ada, namun Perusahaan Daerah Kebersihan Kota Bandung belum memiliki Satuan Operasional Prosedur (SOP) secara umum untuk setiap program secara keseluruhan.
Complex Gleason Measures and the Nemytsky Operator
Authors: Mariani Maria C. , Tweneboah Osei K. , Valles Miguel A. , Bezdek Pavel
Published: January 2019

This work is devoted to the generalization of previous results on Gleason measures to complex Gleason measures. We develop a functional calculus for complex measures in relation to the Nemytsky operator. Furthermore we present and discuss the interpretation of our results with applications in the field of quantum mechanics. Some concrete examples and further extensions of several theorems are also presented.