bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic priorities of teaching Humanities at the technical university
Authors: Sorokin S I , Sazonova N N
Published: August 2020

This paper is devoted to the consideration and analysis of integral humanitarian knowledge influence on training of competitive engineering personnel for work and successful adaptation in extremely uncomfortable climatic conditions of the Arctic. The paper analyzes the forms and methods of consolidated participation of humanitarian and specialized departments of St. Petersburg Mining University in the preparation and adjustment of training programs, professionally focused on the formation and development of general cultural and professional competencies. The authors focus on promising ways of forming personal qualities and social communication skills of oil and gas industry specialists with a high level of motivation for career success, satisfaction with the process of obtaining knowledge. The paper describes such qualities of a future specialist as self-efficacy, associated with the presence of confidence in achieving the desired result due to the necessary competencies; self-esteem, contributing to the creation of a favorable psychological climate in the team, the growth of the level of criticism and demands on oneself, a rational attitude to success and failure. Special attention is paid to the consideration of professional competence as the main quality that provides competitive advantages of a graduate of a technical university. The formation of such qualities as initiative, mobility, ability to make independent decisions, ability to quickly adapt to the professional environment and habitat, is considered in the paper as a necessary condition for the systemic development of personality.
The role of the “reference University” in the socio-economic development of the Murmansk region
Authors: Drobintseva D F , Milskaya E A
Published: August 2020

The article describes the role of “reference universities” in the socio-economic development of the region. The analysis of the branches of the economy of the Murmansk region in need of personnel, as well as a list of areas of training of specialists at the Murmansk Arctic State University, which need to carry out a target set of students.
Indigenous peoples of the North at the turn of the third decade of the 21st century
Authors: Detter G , Filant K , Serebryakova R
Published: August 2020

Industrial development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, climate change, modification of the regulatory and legal framework, large-scale economic transformations taking place both in Russia and around the world have led to serious changes in the traditional economy and traditional way of life of the indigenous peoples of the North. A whole complex of interconnected problems and contradictions has arisen. They require serious study, analysis and development of measures to resolve them. In this work, an attempt is made to identify from the arrays of scientific literature, further generalize and formalize the key problems (challenges) of the indigenous peoples of the North, localized on the land territory of the Russian Arctic. The key challenges of indigenous peoples living in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District are formulated. The identity of the problems of indigenous peoples was revealed throughout the territory of the Russian Arctic, which indicates their extra-regional nature. Explanations on the mechanisms of the interdetermination of key problems and the formation of cause-effect relationships in the environment of indigenous peoples are given. Based on the results obtained, nodes and development trends of indigenous peoples that allow predicting the further development of events are formulated.
Dynamics of interethnic mixing in Yamal Nenets people (according to data on the marriage structure and the surname database)
Authors: Lavryashina M B , Ulyanova M V , Poddubikov V V
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the results of the mixation study of Yamal Tundra Nenets people from 1980 to 2019 within the context of their inclusion in inter-ethnic contacts with allochthonous ethnic groups, mechanisms of miscegenation and changes in population genetic structure. Two generations (the 1980s and 2010s) of Tundra Nenets from Yar-Sale rural settlement, Yamal district, YNAD were studied - a total of 8346 Nenets. Dynamics of structure of marriages and surnames were analyzed. Obtained data demonstrates a relatively low level of genetic and demographic transformations accumulated during the studied period. This can be traced, in part, when looking at the frequency of ethnically mixed marriages and the percentage of the new (“alien”) surnames integrated into the Nenets surname structure. We predict a gradual positive dynamic (i.e., increase) of these figures.
Strategy for the sustainable development of indigenous peoples of the Arctic: problems and prospects in the context of new industrial development
Authors: Romanova O D , Romanov P G
Published: August 2020

The depletion of natural mineral resources in traditional places of production entails a gradual shift in the industrial exploitation of new deposits in previously inaccessible northern territories. An example of this is the expansion of hydrocarbon production in the northern seas, the gradual movement of the mining industries of diamonds, tin, gold and other minerals to higher northern latitudes. The development of electronics, the hyperbolic expansion of digitalization all over the world entail a corresponding increase in the consumption of raw materials and materials with unique properties by the electronic industry. In turn, this leads to the search and development of previously inaccessible, economically extremely costly, unique in their locations deposits of rare earth metals. The history of the development of mineral deposits in the northern territories in the former Soviet Union has demonstrated the profound social, environmental and economic consequences of the erroneous approaches of those years. Complexity in the development of the northern territories should consist in taking into account and implementing the social, environmental and economic aspects (directions) of industrial development and preventing their imbalance. Previously, production interests prevailed, mining was carried out in an extremely costly, inefficient, extensive way. The state approach of the Soviet Union consisted in arranging a full-fledged new city or settlement. The economic consequences are also very vast and significant. It turns out that on one territory there are two models: the first is an industrial model, and the second is a model of traditional residence of local residents. The task is to harmonize the interaction of these two models, which actually exist at the present time, and create such new Strategies for the socio-economic development of the regions of the Arctic zone, where this harmonization was originally provided.
Dynamics of distribution of inconnu in the riverbeds depression of the Irtysh River
Authors: Chemagin A A
Published: August 2020

The studies were performed by the hydroacoustic method in the section of the lower reaches of the Irtysh River (Western Siberia, Tyumen Region). The density dynamics of a group of fish with a symmetrical swimming bladder (Coregonidae and Esocidae) in the water areas of the riverbeds depression was studied. Among coregonids, inconnu dominates. The share of this group of fish is in the range of 10-11% of the total density of the fish population, and the density is an average of 0.3 thousand individuals ha1. Fish density has an inverse statistically significant correlation with the water level factor and the inverse correlation with the water temperature. Lower Irtysh is a wintering and feeding section for inconnu individuals; here, inconnu are formed aggregations in river areas called riverbeds depression.
Current state of Atlantic salmon populations in Karelia and updating its farm breeding technologies
Authors: Ilmast N V , Milyanchuk N P , Nemova N N
Published: August 2020

Diadromous marine and freshwater Atlantic salmon occurs in Karelia’s water bodies. Freshwater salmon populations are listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Karelia. Marine salmon occurs in relatively small Karelia’s rivers flowing into the White Sea. In the past few decades, the deleterious influence of economic activities on North European Russia’s valuable fish stock tends to increase. As a result of hydraulic construction and other types of human activities, the White Sea salmon stock has rapidly decreased. An efficient way of restoring its abundance is “farm” reproduction. In the Republic of Karelia, artificial salmon reproduction is carried out at Vyg and Kem fish farms. One of the methods used to improve fish production quality is to apply laser radiation to salmon eggs and juveniles during “farm” reproduction. Application of low-intensity laser radiation to fish in a certain dose range has been shown to improve the compensatory adaptation of organisms. As a result, death rate declines and fish samples grow more rapidly. To reconstruct and maintain the original structure of Atlantic salmon populations in Karelia’s water bodies, purpose-oriented fish breeding, which comprises farm reproduction, fish protection and the recultivation of spawning and growing grounds, is needed.
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by bioflocculant-producing microorganisms of the aquatic ecosystems in the Arctic region
Authors: Kozhukhova E , Litvinova M , Makarevich E , Malaeva A
Published: August 2020

Currently it is not feasible to completely eliminate the contamination of water bodies with oil, which makes it relevant to perform activities aimed at addressing this environmental challenge. Biological method of cleaning water could be recognized as an effective means of environmental protection. Increasingly, bioremediation uses indigenous microorganisms of specific contamination sites, since these organisms are adapted to the prevailing climatic and environmental conditions, which confers the advantages. Consequently, studies aimed at isolation and selection of the most active microorganisms oxidizing petroleum hydrocarbons and capable of using them are particularly relevant. The aim of this study is the search and selection of effective microorganisms-degraders of petroleum, maximally adapted to the conditions of the Far North. In this study, hydrocarbon-oxidizing features of indigenous bacteria in the Arctic region were examined, and the most effective strains for devising the bioremediation agents were selected. In all strains of bacteria tested that demonstrated steady and intensive growth in the medium with diesel fuel the following characteristics were studied: the percentage of oil degradation in the conditions of laboratory model experiments, the indicator of hydrophobic indicator, and growth potential as well. Strains of microorganisms with the highest degrading ability were selected: A. eucrenophyla, Ps.lundensis, Ps. fragi. These bacterial strains are promising as biodecomposers of hydrocarbons and can be used in bioremediation of environmental contamination. Bacteria from the isolated strains are persistent and dominant components of the natural aquatic ecological communities, thereby the necessity of taking into account the climatic conditions of the region could be avoided.
Structural parameters and infection rate of the genus Littorina (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the western and eastern Murman coast
Authors: Kulesh K , Kravets P , Bacherikov I
Published: August 2020

There is information obtained on species composition, parasitofauna, and structural characteristics of periwinkles in autumn period in three areas (Abram-Mys settlement, Mishukovo settlement, Retinskaya bay) of western Murman coast, and was made a comparison of data with periwinkles of Eastern Murman. The eastern Murman coast is characterized by 6 species of periwinkles, with 5 species noted on the western Murman coast in this study, because the molluscs Littorina compressa have not been found. The infection rate of males L. saxatilis and L. obtusata in senior size classes of East Murman exceeds the infection rate of females what leads to the difference in the sex structure ratio of molluscs. This fact is also characteristic for periwinkles of Western Murman. Periwinkles of Eastern Murman significantly exceed periwinkles of Western Murman in shell height, shell width, and densities. The difference in maximum age is a one year for L. saxatilis molluscs of Western and Eastern Murman; there is no difference for L. obtusata. Maximum age for L. littorea is 13+, for Eastern Murman is 28+. The dominance of trematodes with a life cycle without a free-standing larval stage and a second intermediate host is typical for periwinkles of Western and Eastern Murman.
The effect of experimental drill fluid on the vital activities of the bivalve mollusk Mytilus edulis L.
Authors: Malavenda S S , Belukhin A I , Bogdanov A O , Bannikov A A
Published: August 2020

The effect of two drill fluids on the survival rate and linear growth rate of bivalve mollusks Mytilus edulis has been studied. The standard water-based drill fluid includes barite and carboxymethyl cellulose, which are highly toxic substances. The main components of an experimental presumably biodegradable solution are the ground brown algae Saccharina latissima, inhabiting the coast of the Barents Sea, and ferrochrome lignosulfonate, which also applies to toxic components. The minimal concentration of a standard drill fluid led to the 100% death after 9 days of exposure; the experimental drill fluid did not affect the mortality of mussels at all. The mollusks exposed to the concentration of 5 and 10 g/L of experimental drill fluid have been characterized by a high relative linear growth. An experimental drill fluid that does not contain barite and carboxymethyl cellulose may be considered safe for marine bivalves; and its components seems to be easily degradable, since some of them may be used as a food source by some detritus-feeding invertebrates
Technologies for processing fat waste and technical fish oils
Authors: Petrov B F , Volkova TP
Published: August 2020

Current economic and environmental conditions require a more rational approach to use of industrial waste. It is necessary not only to clean industrial effluents from pollution, but also to find rational ways of using pollutants extracted from the industrial effluents. This is especially relevant for fatty foam masses, which are formed during flotation treatment of the fat production runoff. The issue of their rational use has not been resolved yet. Traditionally, these products are buried at specialized landfills. Also, the question of using soap water flows, which are formed during refining the semi-finished fish oils with a solution of alkali, remains. Usually soap water flows are not used and are sent to the combined stock of fat production. An equally urgent problem of the fishing industry is the processing of semi-finished technical fish oils with a high acid number (over 20 mg KOH / g). Traditional cleaning of such semi-finished products is unprofitable. It requires a significant expenditure of material resources. In this case, the yield of purified fish oil is not more than 60 %. At the same time, the listed objects contain a significant amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, after additional processing, they should be considered as a secondary material resource for obtaining surface-active, film-forming, and anti-friction substances.
Enzymatic potential of the indigenous microbiota of the intestine of rainbow trout Parasalmo mykiss (=Oncorhynchus)
Authors: Poteshkina V A , Uskova I V
Published: August 2020

This paper is devoted to finding the scientific support for the development of commercial aquaculture. The article presents the results of examining the microbiocenosis of the commodity trout (Parasalmo mykiss) intestine. It was revealed that members of the genus Pseudomonas preveil in the microbiocenosis of the aquaculture intestinal contents. A small number of lactic acid bacteria, representing autochthonous microbiota and rare types of bacteria, such as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. being the components of fish allochthonous microbiota were discovered. Lactic acid bacteria were not found on the mucous membrane of the intestinal tract, due to the weak attachment of microorganisms in fish exposed to stress. The enzyme product was obtained from the bacteria with proteolytic activity in order to introduce this supplement as a feed probiotic into the artificial diets of cultivated fish. The advantage of the developed product is that the raw material (source) for its production are the bacteria isolated from rainbow trout intestine from experimental cage farms. The maximum activity of selected proteases was observed at bacterial concentration xio8 cells/ml. Proteolytic activity in the enzyme product from bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas spp. is higher than in the enzyme product obtained from the primary culture of E. coli.Antibiotic resistance of the selected isolates from Pseudomonas spp. Cefotaxime, which is recommended to use for prevention of bacterial infections when forming the broodstock was determined. Pseudomonas showed high sensitivity to a number of broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, gentamicin. The obtained results of microbiological research can be used to develop the strategy of antibacterial therapy in fish farming.
Features of the composition and productivity of Tuloma river’s estuarine hydrofytocenoses
Authors: Priymak P , Priymak E
Published: August 2020

The species composition and productivity of communities of higher aquatic vegetation in the Tuloma River estuary, in the North-Western part of the Kola Peninsula, is studied. Samples with streamside vegetation were taken several times during the 2019 growing season from the littoral and sublittoral zones. Subsequent investigations revealed that macrophyte growth begins in April (offshoots of Ranunculus schmalhausenii), the mass germination period is estimated at the end of May to early June (representatives of the genera Potamogeton, Callitriche). The beginning of the growing season is influenced by ice conditions. The last vegetative plants are found in November (Potamogeton, Elatine, Batrachium). Analysis of the species composition of the samples revealed that the most environmentally plastic plants are water-starwort (r. Callitriche), pondweed (Potamogeton perfoliatus L) and water moss (Fontinalis sp.): occurring in the drained zone and on the sublittoral. The production of the studied phytocenoses reaches its peak in August (up to 110 g/m2 of absolutely dry mass), the main contribution to which is made by pondweeds. The distribution of accumulated phytomass over the horizons shows that the communities that are least susceptible to drainage are characterised by maximum productivity. These results may be important when monitoring hydrobiocenoses of the Tuloma river basin.
The influence of diesel fuel on morpho-functional state of Ulvaria obscura (Chlorophyta)
Authors: Salakhov D , Pugovkin D , Ryzhik I , Voskoboinikov G
Published: August 2020

There was researched the influence of diesel fuel (DF) on morpho-functional state of Ulvaria obscura (Chlorophyta) of the Barents sea. The reaction of algae on oil products depends on concentration and duration of toxicity. Under the concentration up to 5 mg/l (100 MAC - maximum allowable concentration) there were no visible changes in cell structure during 10 days of experiment; by its end the photosynthesis of algae decreased, probably due to growth of bacterial film on the surface of thalli, preventing photosynthetic apparatus from the light. On the 7th day the number of heterotrophic bacteria increased twice, staying on this level till the end of experiment, the number of hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria also increased. Under 1000 MAC the chloroplasts lost green colouring, the intensity of photosynthesis significally decreased, but plants maintained vitality. On the 3rd day under 2000-3000 MAC the vacuolization of cells, the destruction of cell structures occured, parallel with the cessation of photosynthesis and the death of macrophytes. The activity of antioxidant system (AAS) in experiments with DF was high, appeared by increasing of formation of hydrogen peroxide and intensity of superoxide dismutase and catalase ferments synthesis. U. obscura adaptates to concentrations of DF up to 2000 MAC.
Modern concept of technological processes modal control in a state space combined with wavelet monitoring of current modes
Authors: Fedosenkov D B , Simikova A A , Fedosenkov B A
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the aspects of modal control in spaces of system states and wavelet time-frequency distributions. On the example of a mixture-producing aggregate mathematical models are formed to represent technological feeding material flow rate signals, and the relevant vector-matrix model based on the state space method is developed for the feeding devices unit (FDU). It is revealed that the signals generated by the feeders, are non-stationary in frequency and amplitude. They cannot be adequately interpreted by standard analysis techniques, e.g. such as the Fourier transform. To identify current operating modes of the feeding unit, it is proposed to use the apparatus of wavelet transforms, which allows you to identify local features of the flow signals in a combined time-frequency medium with essentially larger information richness and semantic clarity. For the aim of controlling current modes in FDU a closed automatic modal control system (CACS) with a full state vector feedback has been developed. In the modal control algorithm the feedback matrix is permanently recalculated in real time, which forms the specified localization of the poles constellation. Specified non-stationary feeding modes are demonstrated to represent the essence of modal controlling in the FDU.
Structural and parametric non-stationary modal control systems
Authors: Fedosenkov D B , Simikova A A , Fedosenkov B A
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the aspects of occurring the effect of structural and parametric non-stationary states of various kinds in the models of feeding devices (FD), the latter is considered as the part of a continuous-type mixture-producing aggregate. Relevant features of such an effect are revealed and discussed. In particular, different types of transient modes that occur in the feeding devices under increasing or decreasing the load applied to the intake part of feeders are introduced and described. To demonstrate the complexity of feeding devices models, the distribution of numbers and types of poles for models of different FD-unit configurations have been submitted here. Also we operate with concepts of the so-called autonomously sporadic and forced-modal transient processes, and their images in the forms of 1D-signals and time-frequency distributions are brought in. Finally, the procedures of calculating the modal controller parameters, i.e. the full state feedback matrix, are given in detail.
The dual control algorithm of nonlinear dynamic processes in the conditions of incomplete a priori information
Authors: Medvedev A V , Raskina A V
Published: August 2020

The problem of controlling nonlinear dynamic systems under conditions of incomplete a priori information about the model of the differential equation of the process is considered. Nonparametric models are given in which the order of the difference equation of the dynamic process is refined based on the rule for distinguishing significant variables. According to this rule, only those variables are included in the nonparametric model for which the minimum bandwidth is minimal. Nonparametric algorithms of dual control of nonlinear objects are given. Control devices built on the basis of these algorithms perform not only the direct function of controlling the object, but also its study. The process of training the dual control system with active accumulation of information is analyzed. The results of a numerical study of the application of the nonparametric adaptive dual control algorithm are presented.
Improvement of the regulation system for the electric drive of rolls rotation in the rolling mill
Authors: Kuznetsov V A , Kuznetsova E S , Kharenko V N , Zaitsev N C
Published: August 2020

An improved dual-zone speed control system for the electric rotation of the rolls of a metallurgical plant using a dynamic current sensor has been developed. For example, the rolling engine of the mill “900” of the beam workshop was used. The use of an improved system will increase the productivity of the rolling mill.
Models and mechanisms for planning service improvements
Authors: Zymin A V , Zolin I A , Burkova I V , Zimin V V
Published: August 2020

Models and mechanisms for project portfolio management, constantly generated by the IT service provider and designed to optimize IT processes of IT service life cycle stages are the subject of this article. The service improvement plan is formed from the project portfolio and is aimed at achieving critical indicators of IT services market success relevant for the current period. Two linear and one nonlinear models of the problem of forming a service improvement plan were considered. The criteria chosen for task optimization are absolute and relative value of the complex IT process efficiency indicator. Problems take into account the investment costs on implementing projects and changing the operational costs on functioning of optimized IT processes. All the problems were solved with the use of network programming methods.
Infrastructure management of software systems of modern “IT” in the automation of production processes
Authors: Nedzelskay O N , Moiseyev V V , Bikineeva A N , Bulakina E N
Published: August 2020

The article examines the methodology, describing the concept of information infrastructure management companies focused on their need, a comparison of models of information systems. The authors investigate the possibility of their joint use for maximum effect from the introduction of software systems. Process management of IT infrastructure of the enterprise has a number of advantages. Thus, in determining the types of activities, inputs, outputs, standards and requirements, an increase in the efficiency, the rationality of work can be achieved and quality management tools can be achieved. There are different methodologies for describing the achievement of business goals instruments with a high level of reliability of the information system. The most common was the British Library IT Infrastructure Library.
Toward industry 4.0 in energy sector
Authors: Goosen Elena , Nikitenko Sergey , Kagan Elena , Pakhomova Evgeniya
Published: August 2020

The article attempts to identify the profound changes occurring in the global and Russian energy sectors under the conditions of Industry 4.0. The features of the implementation of the global innovative Industry 4.0 project in the global energy sector are studied; a change in the technological basis, an upgrade of value chains and a change in business models are shown. The state and prospects of the Russian fuel and energy complex transition to a new Industry 4.0 development paradigm are analyzed. The main models and barriers to the formation of new value chains in the Russian fuel and energy complex are identified. The main niche in the Russian energy complex is highlighted, in which its development on the principles of the Industry 4.0 paradigm is possible and most likely.
The influence of technological and labor processes on the efficiency of the rolling complex
Authors: Kadykov V N , Musatova A I
Published: August 2020

Studies on the organization of technological and labor processes in the existing rolling complex (long product rolling mill) were carried out. Using normative clock models of equipment operation in the areas of the complex, a “bottleneck” was identified that constrains the work of the human-technical system, which is the packaging section for finished products, where baling is performed by workers manually. In order to eliminate the “bottleneck”, it is proposed to modernize the baling area by introducing units for mechanizing and automating the processing of finished products, to eliminate manual labor, improve the formation of current information. The possibility of improving technical and economic indicators (reducing the number of workers, increasing production, labor productivity, etc.) is shown.
Deformation, heat treatment and properties of piston hypereutectic silumins
Authors: Afanasyev V K , Prudnikov A N , Prudnikov V A , Popova M V , Fastykovskii A R
Published: August 2020

A series of piston hypereutectic silumins based on Al – (15 ÷ 20) % Si alloyed with copper, magnesium, nickel, and chromium was studied. The alloys were modified with phosphorus and hydrogen-containing reagents to increase the deformability and mechanical properties. The experimental ingots, cast in the steel mold, had dimensions: diameter 190 mm, height 500-550 mm, weight 32-40 kg. The mechanical properties and temperature coefficient of linear expansion (TCLE) of the experimental ingots and forgings made from them are determined. Temporary tensile strength and relative elongation of deformed ingots from hypereutectic silumins were 227-306 MPa and 5.7-7.5%, respectively. The optimal heat treatment of deformed silumins was determined: quenching with step heating and aging, which allows the strength of forgings to be increased up to 370-470 MPa. Moreover, the ductility indicators remain at a high level, and the average TCLE of the alloys is (18.0 ÷ 19.2) ·10−6 К−1 in the range of 50 ÷ 200 °C.
The working conditions analysis of the electrodes of plasma torch EDP-104A in nitrogen plasma
Authors: Galevskiy G V , Rudneva V V , Orshanskaya E G , Galevskiy S G , Mishne I
Published: August 2020

The analysis of the electrode conditions and performance of plasma torches EDP-104A in nitrogen plasma is carried out. It is shown that the life of the plasma torch is determined by the erosion of the tungsten thermal cathode. It is confirmed that the erosion depends on the strength of the current and the oxygen content in the plasma-forming gas. At the current strength of 1 kA with an increase in oxygen content from 0.1 to 0.5%, erosion increases from 10-12 to 10-9 kg/C. To reduce cathode erosion, it is necessary to limit the oxygen content in technical nitrogen.
Application of ladle electric steelmaking slag as a flux – additive for welding
Authors: Mikhno A R , Kozyrev N A , Kryukov R E , Usoltsev A A , Umansky A A
Published: August 2020

The possibility of using ladle electric steelmaking slag as a flux – additive in the welding flux based on slag from silicomanganese production is considered. The effect of this flux – additive on the properties of the deposited metal is shown. The optimal composition of welding flux with the flux – additive providing a favorable appearance and properties of the weld metal was revealed.
Technological basis of the plasma-metallurgical production of zirconium carbide
Authors: Alekseeva T I , Galevskiy G V , Rudneva V V , Galevskiy S G
Published: August 2020

Based on the interpretation of the results of theoretical and experimental studies, a continuous technological process for zirconium carbide production in the plasma-metallurgical reactor, including plasma generation, plasma processing of zirconium-carbon-containing raw materials, the formation of ZrC, forced cooling and its separation from the process gases flow leaving the reactor, was developed.
Environmental monitoring of the reclaimed sites of JSC “EVRAZ ZSMK”sludge dump
Authors: Vodoleev A S , Androkhanov V A , Zaharova M A , Andreeva O S , Domnin K I
Published: August 2020

For conservation of technologically disturbed lands, various methods of reclamation are used to prevent their negative impact on the environment. At the same time, technological methods are used, including changing the technology of waste storage, changing the state of storaged products using briquetting and granulation, creating mechanical barriers that prevent the spread of dust or continuous coating with non-dusting material, and the physicochemical method – creation of a protective layer using foam or hydro-dusting in order to stabilize a dusty surface. The most environmentally effective is the biological method – creation of a protective vegetation cover. This method is of particular relevance due to the phytotoxicity of the technogenic substrate for sludge dumps and the difficulties of creating a stable vegetation cover. Taking into account the industrial and environmental characteristics of the waste in sludge dumps of JSC “EVRAZ ZSMK”, an assessment of the physiological state was carried out as part of environmental monitoring and the chemical composition of plants growing in the reclaimed areas of this technogenic object was analyzed. A comprehensive assessment of the environmental safety of the use of sewage sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants on the substrate of the sludge storage facility as the main soil improver is given.
Diversification of the production and processing of pulverized wastes and ores based on the SER jet-emulsion unit
Authors: Tsymbal V P , Rybushkin A A , Rybenko I A , Kozhemyachenko V I , Kalashnikov S N , Ermakova L A
Published: August 2020

The principles of creating a self-organizing jet-emulsion reactor (SER) are considered, the role of dissipative structures in solving problems of controlling the metal chemical composition is shown. The technological scheme of the unit is presented, in which it is possible to process pulverized materials with a wide range of changes in chemical composition, including sludge, scale, poor pulverized ores and tailings.
Analysis of the main trends in the development of the production of grinding balls in Russia and abroad
Authors: Umansky A A , Golovatenko A V , Prudnikov A N
Published: August 2020

The article presents the results of the analytical review of the main trends in the grinding balls production in Russia and foreign countries. It is shown that grinding balls of domestic production have lower performance characteristics in relation to foreign counterparts, which is due to the technological features of their production, including the use of unalloyed steels with high hardenability and rejected billets of steels for other purposes (in most cases, rail steels), non-optimal technology of heat treatment. Based on the analysis, a list of promising areas for the development of domestic production of grinding balls that contribute to the competitiveness of this type of product in the domestic and foreign sales markets is determined. These areas include: increase in the share of rolled balls from alloy steels and cast balls from alloy cast irons, improvement of the technology of balls heat treatment and usage of new specialized steel grades for their production.
Features of structure formation and thermal expansion of high alloys of the Al–Si–Cu system
Authors: Afanasyev V K , Popova M V , Malyukh M A , Prudnikov A N
Published: August 2020

The study results of the copper alloying effect on the microstructure and thermal coefficient of linear expansion (TCLE) of high aluminum alloys for special purposes based on the Al – (20÷30)% Si system are presented. It was found that alloy building of Al – 20% Si with copper in large quantities eliminates the linear expansion anomaly characteristic to the binary alloy and leads to a significant decrease in the thermal expansion coefficient over the entire temperature range of the tests. It was shown that Al–30%Si–20÷40% Cu alloys have stable TCLE in the low-temperature test interval. Metallographic analysis of high alloys showed that copper introduced in amounts of more than 20% contributes to a change in the morphology of the silicon phase and triple eutectic.
Modeling of the chromium compounds synthesis in the nanocrystalline state
Authors: Shiryaeva L S , Galevskiy G V
Published: August 2020

In this work, the technology of nanocrystalline chromium compounds by carbidization of chromium-containing raw materials with hydrocarbons in a plasma flow generated in a three-jet direct-flow reactor was selected as the object of study. The computer program was developed that implements a comprehensive multifactor model of the plasma synthesis process and allows multivariate engineering and research calculations of the effective carbidization parameters of chromium-containing raw materials.
Features of treatment of metal surface layers by pulsed plasma jets formed during electrical explosion of conductors
Authors: Budovskikh E A , Bashchenko L P , Raykov S V
Published: August 2020

The results analysis of the experimental studies obtained by the methods of modern physical materials science of metals and alloys surface layers after electroexplosive alloying and coating is presented.
Correct accounting of risks in assessing the effectiveness of investment projects of metallurgical companies
Authors: Galevskiy S G
Published: August 2020

This article proposes the methodology that modifies the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The proposed methodology allows for separate accounting of risks of the first and second kind and, accordingly, to correctly reflect them in the calculations using the discounted cash flow method. This makes it possible to adequately assess the effectiveness of investment projects and make informed management decisions.
Expert system of diagnostics blast furnace process
Authors: Spirin N A , Gurin I A , Istomin A S
Published: August 2020

The expert system of diagnostics blast furnace process is presented. It is based on a logical-mathematical model for assessing the progress of blast furnace smelting. The model provides an opportunity to evaluate the normal operation mode of blast furnace and further deviations from this mode such as overdeveloped gas flows (peripheral and central), violation of thermal melting conditions (hot and cold course of melt), violation of smooth descent of burned materials in the furnace (tight furnace operation, higher and lower suspension of burden). The functional capabilities of developed software are represented.
Experience of ceramic production from silicon carbide with the addition of SiC nanopowder
Authors: Nepochatov Yu , Bogayev A , Khasanov O , Dvilis E , Kuchumova I , Khabirov R
Published: August 2020

The effect of silicon carbide nanopowder additives on the properties of armor ceramics from this compound has been investigated, and the results are presented. The study reveals that the powder introduction in an amount from 5 to 10 wt. % leads to an increase in hardness and crack resistance when density is maintained. It enabled us to obtain the material which can be used in structural and armored ceramics.
Improvement of the working surface resistance of a stamping tool with coating and SSS modeling of the preliminary mechanical activation of the surface layer of the stamp working parts
Authors: Tabakov V P , Kokorin V N , Morozov O I , Ilyushkin M V , Titov Y A , Kornyakov E L
Published: August 2020

A research technique was developed. The selection of the processed samples (sizes, material, operating conditions) was carried out. The physical and computational model of the process of cold plastic deformation of samples from tool heat-resistant steel X12M was developed. The technique for studying the effect of cold plastic deformation on the adhesive ability of a substrate – coating system is presented.
Structure and microhardness of bioinert coatings of Ti-Ta-N system
Authors: Romanov D A , Sosnin K V , Pronin S Yu , Moskovskii S V , Gromov V E , Semin A P , Protopopov E V
Published: August 2020

The coatings of Ti-Ta-N system have been obtained for the first time. Production of bioinert coatings of Ti-Ta-N system was realized by means of promising technique of electroexplosion spraying and subsequent electron-ion-plasma modification with nitrogen ions. Titanium of VT6 grade was used as a substrate for spraying of coatings. Electroexplosion spraying with use of tantalum foil leads to formation of tantalum coating on titanium substrate. Subsequent electron-ion-plasma modification with nitrogen ions results in synthesis of the following phases: TiN, Ta and β-Ti. Average microhardness values of the coatings formed vary from 449 kgf/mm2 (E = 11.47 %) to 530 kgf/mm2 (E = 10.02 %). Electroexplosion processing promotes the increase in titanium substrate microhardness near coating – substrate interface. In volume of titanium substrate the microhardness decreases to values corresponding to reference data. Irradiation of electroexplosive tantalum coating by electron beam with subsequent nitriding leads to homogenization of structure. Optimum mode of irradiation should be considered the one at powder density of electron beam of 0.5 MW/cm2. At lower value of power density the electron beam melts the electroexplosion coating to insufficient depth. At higher values of power density the electron beam leads to boiling of the melted coating and formation of larger quantities of pores. These phenomena are caused by thermal and physical characteristics of titanium substrate.
Structure and properties of differentially hardened 100-m rails after long-term operation
Authors: Kormyshev V E , Polevoy E V , Golovatenko A V , Gromov V E , Ivanov Yu F , Semin A P
Published: August 2020

Using methods of modern materials science the analysis of structural phase states of defect substructure and mechanical properties of tread surface at different distance (from 0 to 22 mm) along central axis and fillet of differentially hardened 100 meter rails of DT 350 category manufactured at JSC “Evraz-Integrated West-Siberian” metallurgical combine after long term operation (passed tonnage 1411 mln. t. brutto) at experimental test ring has been performed. Microstructure of rails’ metal is presented by fine-dispersed lamellar pearlite (grain confidence index 2) with inclusions of excess ferrite along grain boundaries estimated by 2 numbers of scale No. 7 of State Standard 8233. The value of interplate distance in rail head varies within 0.10-0.15 μm. Long term operation of rails is accompanied by the formation of gradient structure being expressed in regular change in hardness, microhardness, impact strength, destruction degree of cementite plates, scalar dislocation density throughout cross-section of rails head. The failure mechanisms of lamellar pearlite structure have been discussed. It has been shown that microhardness at 2 mm depth from tread surface amounts to 1481-1486 MPa. At depth up to 10 mm the microhardness values decrease up to 1210-1385 MPa that is caused by increase in interplate distance and decrease in level of cold strain hardening of metal in long-term operation of rails.
Features of the structure formation in the process of obtaining cast aluminum matrix nanocomposites using ultrasonic melt treatment
Authors: Prusov E S , Deev V B , Panfilov A A , Temlyantsev M V
Published: August 2020

The paper presents modern representations about the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the behavior of nanoscale reinforcing particles in aluminum melts. Advantages and potential directions of application of the ultrasonic melt processing method for producing cast aluminum matrix nanocomposites are presented.
Humanization of the urban environment for children (on example of the residential yards in city of Vladivostok)
Authors: Maslovskaia Oksana , Kopeva Alla , Srikauskas Lilia , Ivanova Olga , Khrapko Olga
Published: August 2020

This study is due to the need to develop principles for the humanization of the living environment in the housing of the city of Vladivostok, contributing to the socialization of children in a contemporary city and to reduce the anthropogenic impact of the urban environment on them. The following research methods were used in the work: systematization of theoretical and practical sources - Russian and foreign scientific publications and real examples of children’s playgrounds; observation and behavioral mapping, photo-fixation, description of functional and aesthetic characteristics; analysis of requirements of normative and technical documentation and requirements for taking into account climate and terrain conditions, experimental design method. The results of the study were: criteria for evaluating the playgrounds for determining the degree of children socialization in the urban environment and the level of comfort of the residential yards; the principles for the humanization of outdoors spaces for children as a means of achieving a comfortable and educational environment for children in the conditions of the city of Vladivostok. The pilot project showed the effectiveness of the basic principles of the humanization of the urban environment for children proposed by the authors.
Supergraphics as a project and artistic method in design of a modern city
Authors: Mikhailov Sergey , Khafizov Rafik , Mikhailova Aleksandrina , Nadyrshine Neil , Nadyrshine Lilia
Published: August 2020

Supergraphics in the city design is considered as a special form of artistic synthesis of graphic design and architecture in the process of organizing the built environment of the city at various levels (urban ensemble, architectural object, subject forms).

The main stages in the formation and development of a supergraphic approach in the city design are revealed: atectonic color-graphic compositions in the architectural environment (until the middle of the 20th century), architectural supergraphics (the second half of the 20th century), anamorphic three-dimensional images in the pedestrian zones of cities (21th century.), Autonomous dynamic color and light composition in the architecture and subject-spatial environment of the city (modern time).

Current trends in the field of artistic synthesis and the foundations of the formation of a supergraphic approach in the design of a city based on the philosophy of traditional architectural supergraphics and the use of the latest technologies of the information society are outlined.
Multilinear approach to representing the historical evolution of urban design (industrial and post-industrial periods)
Authors: Mikhailov Sergey , Mikhailova Alexandrina , Nadyrshine Neil
Published: August 2020

The concept of “city design” is revealed as a special type of design and art synthesis of architecture, monumental and decorative art, urban planning and landscape design at the level of individual forms, urban spaces and ensembles, as well as the city as a whole.

Using a multilinear approach to presenting the history of design, the authors of this article pay special attention to factors affecting the form-finding in design that actively influence it both at the designing stage and also allow us to consider the evolution of design objects in interrelation with political, economic and cultural events in the world.

The main stages of the historical development of the design of the city of the industrial and post-industrial periods are considered on the basis of a multilinear approach in the presentation of the historical process, which meets the new concepts and ideals of the post-industrial society with a holistic picture of the worldview. They show the complexity and multidimensionality of the task of representing the history of city design and the need for special studies of this relatively new phenomenon in the general design and art culture of the XX-XXI centuries.