bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect Of Implementation Of Cooperative Learning Model Make A Match Technique On Student Learning Motivation In Social Science Learning
Authors: Nur Fidiyanti Hana Hartanti
Published: March 2018

The problem in this study is the low motivation to learn social science in students class VIII. Those are based on the observation that teachers have not applied varied learning models and tend to use conventional learning method. Learning activities have not actively involved students and many tudents feel bored in social science learning. Teachers need to overcome these problems by applying creative learning model, fun and can foster students' learning motivation, one of them is cooperative learning model of make a match technique. This study aims to determine the effect of cooperative learning model of make a match technique to the motivation of social science learning in students class VIII SMP Negeri 40 Bandung. The design of this study uses Nonequivalent Control Group Design with quasi experimental research method. The samples of this study are 60 students and using 2 classes,namely class VIII D as experiment class and class VIII C as control class. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.00 for windows.  The results showed that: First, the learning motivation of students before and after implementing cooperative learning model of make a match technique increased but still low category. Second, the students' learning motivation before and after implementing conventional method did not increase. Third, simultaneously learning motivation between students who learn with cooperative learning model of make a match technique is better than students who learn with conventional learning method.
Diagnóstico de K+ Y NO3- en savia para determinar el estado nutricional en papa (Solanum tuberosum L. SUBSP. ANDIGENA)
Authors: Gómez S. Manuel Iván , Magnitskiy Stanislav , Rodríguez Luis Ernesto
Published: March 2018

El análisis de savia es una herramienta de diagnóstico nutricional para realizar ajustes oportunos de fertilización en cultivos hortícolas. El objetivo de este estudio fue  determinar los niveles de referencia de  NO3- y K+ en savia  por etapa fenológica y conocer el  uso adecuado de  esta herramienta de diagnóstico nutricional  de N y K  en  cultivares de papa Diacol Capiro y Pastusa  Suprema en la Sabana de Bogotá  a  los 55, 75, 100, 125 y 150  días después de siembra (dds) en respuesta a  cuatro niveles de fertilizante (0, 1.450, 1.900 y 2.375 kg ha-1) y su efecto sobre rendimiento, materia seca (PS) e índice de cosecha (IC).  La mayor concentración de K+ en savia de tallos para los dos cultivares se presentó en etapa vegetativa con 4.800 a 5.000 mg L-1, disminuyendo hasta tuberización con 2.725 mg L-1, sin diferencias significativas entre cultivares; contrario al comportamiento de N-NO3-, donde se presentó diferencias entre cultivares con una máxima concentración en tuberización con 2.466 mg L-1 en Capiro y 2.200 mg L-1 en Suprema con disminución en madurez fisiológica. Se obtuvieron niveles de referencia  en etapa de floración para Capiro mediante  ajuste cuadrático de N-NO3- y K+ en savia con 3.280  mg K L-1 y de 1.231 mg, respectivamente y relacionan con la respuesta a la  fertilización, rendimiento, materia seca y área foliar. En contraste, para Suprema  el  N evaluado  en savia supone un consumo de lujo con niveles superiores a 1.250 mg N-NO3- L-1. Con esta técnica diagnóstica en campo se puede establecer ajustes oportunos en el manejo de la nutrición vegetal nitrogenada y potásica de estos cultivares.
Вечные образы Ромео и Джульетты в тезаурусе молодежи
Authors: Июдин Даниил Андреевич
Published: March 2018

В статье рассматривается, как новое поколение открывает для себя Шекспира, как его сюжеты и образы воспринимается современной молодежью. Автор делает попытку ответить на вопросы: почему образы Ромео и Джульетты остаются близкими и понятными каждому поколению людей, как именно оценивает современная молодежь Шекспира и поступки несчастных влюбленных, а также какое отражение находит пьеса в русскоязычном Интернете?
Stanley's Taste
Authors: Belfort Cerqueira Sebastião
Published: March 2018

Stanley Cavell closes Contesting Tears with a chapter titled “Stella’s Taste: Reading Stella Dallas”, devoted to the 1937 movie, directed by King Vidor, which Cavell compares to the other movies he has studied in the book and finds “to be the most harrowing of the four melodramas to view again and again.” Cavell’s reading of this movie is organized against what he calls the generally “accepted view” of the film where there are two key interpretive moments: in one, Stella, the protagonist, on vacation with her teenage daughter, Laurel, at a fancy hotel, tries to impress Laurel’s new friends by dressing up and ends up making a fool of herself, in a spectacle of bad taste; Stella then finds out what people thought of her and realizes she has embarrassed Laurel, eventually deciding to drive her daughter away from her, towards her father (Stella’s now ex-husband); this takes us to the second key moment: the final scene, where Stella anonymously watches her daughter’s wedding from the sidewalk, through a window, and walks away, which is generally seen as confirming Stella’s sacrifice, representing the dissolution of motherhood — hence, of her identity.
Moral Perfectionism and Cavell's Romantic Turn
Authors: Kompridis Nikolas
Published: March 2018

The first book of Stanley Cavell’s that I read is the only book that I ardently wished I had written, The Pursuits of Happiness: The Hollywood Comedy of Remarriage. Why this book, and not some high impact, world-historical book like Heidegger’s Being and Time or Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations? Well, there are a number of reasons, some of them personal and some of them, well, Cavellian. Most immediately, the book explained to me why I so much enjoyed watching again and again over the course of more than three decades the films which are the objects of Cavell’s interpretations — why, in short, watching these films made me so happy, why they filled me with goofy delight, always ringing a smile to my face, a smile not unlike that smile of Cary Grant’s (from Holiday) reproduced in the pages of The Pursuits of Happiness.
(And if cinema can do what Kant could not do, then where does that place us?)
Authors: Amorim Miguel
Published: March 2018

Explanation of the connection between gaslight and spirit may be taken as the tenor of the explanation given by the cook Elizabeth when Paula, drained, manages to scream down the stairwell for Elizabeth to come up. Entering Paula's room and, in response to Paula’s question, assuring her that there’s no one in the house to cause any dimming, Elizabeth adds: “But the gas comes in pipes; and I expect there gets more gas in the pipes at some times than there does at others.” Paula sees the possibility: “Yes. Yes. I suppose that could explain it.” It does not explain the ensuing noises, however, and it does not really in itself match what calls for an explanation: it does not connect the specific conduits between the seen and the unseen. (And can film do what Kant could not do?"
Sore Feet in the City of Light
Authors: Rhu Lawrence
Published: March 2018

Is this some bairro of ParnassusThat names street after street after poetsOr just a flight from where we live?The airport’s a quick Metro ride awayFrom Rua Fernando Pessoa,But my fasciitis prompts no songOn cobblestones where two cops clampDenver boots on two parked cars.
Programming Languages that minimize response times of an Artificial Neuron
Authors: Mejía Fernando , Vaca Byron , Villa Eduardo , Luna Washington , Rosero Raul
Published: March 2018

In this paper we compare the different programming languages in number of three such as Java, C# and C++, which at the moment are the best in the international ranking for program development, to observe which of them minimizes the response time (output variable) of an artificial neuron algorithm (input variable). The results show how each of the programming languages gives a response time to the proposed algorithm. We discuss the results within the framework of the controversy of the artificial neuron vs programming languages.
Computer Graphics of the Regular Polygons and their Applications
Authors: Villacís César , Fuertes Walter , Zambrano Margarita , Cabascango Carlos , Cuichán Edwin , Benavides Ramiro , Solís Fernando , Kostikova Margarita
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The computer graphics of regular polygons and their applications is a scarcely studied area that allows to create situations of significant learning by its mathematical and geometric content. This research presents the design and programming of regular polygons and composite sacred figures using computational analytical geometry and development tools such as C#, GDI+ graphics engine and Java with SWING graphical interface. In order to achieve this, the Agile Extreme Programming (XP) methodology has been used to translate computer graphics software applications, with the purpose of understanding how computer graphics work to generate combinations of geometric figures based on regular polygons, fully parameterizable. The proof of concept, which included the evaluation of the application performance in both the .NET framework and the NetBeans IDE were carried out with a student’s group of engineering in Computer Graphics subject.
Recognition, interpretation and teaching of sign lan-guage in the official languages of Ecuador
Authors: Duque Miguel , Naula Blanca , Reina Diego , Arellano Cristian
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The lack of an application that can be used within the teaching sign language learning process allowed us to propose this research, creating two technological applications based on the modalities and materials used during the Sign Language teaching process in Ecuador, using its own methodology divided into four phases, it was obtained that the desktop application recognizes and interprets in real time the gestures made with a range of effectiveness of 90% to 100% Working on clear funds, while the APP allows you to learn the basic signs and words used by people with hearing impairment, both applications work in Spanish and Kichwa.
Design and simulation of a mobile robot, for the inspection of electrical lines
Authors: Eibar Carlos , Gavilane Javier , Pérez Miguel , Aldás Édisson , Proaño Paul , Basantes David
Published: March 2018

Abstract. A mobile robot was designed and simulated for the inspection of electrical lines, which seeks to investigate alternatives that have the main necessary characteristics to perform these inspection tasks and implement them in a robot of accessible costs. In the robot design was modeled its mechanical parts in 3D and then previously taken to a virtual simulation software (Vrep), in which the sequence of movements were programmed, to pass obstacles.
Current Trends of Teaching Computer Programming in Undergraduate CS Programs: A Survey from Ecuadorian Universities
Authors: Arcos Gloria , Aguirre Gladys L. , Hidalgo Blanca , Rosero Raúl H. , Gómez Omar S.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Computer programming has become a relevant element of the modern era. Practically it is involved in all sectors of modern society. Currently, many universities around the globe offer bachelor’s degree programs that contain computer programming related courses. In order to gain insight into how computer programming is taught in Ecuadorian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), we have conducted the first national survey on teaching computer programming in undergraduate CS programs. In this survey participated 53 respondents from 13 Ecuadorian HEIs. We report on programming paradigms, programming languages, integrated development environments and teaching strategies used in the programming learning process. We found that the object-oriented paradigm along with the Java programming language are the most often used. The NetBeans integrated development environment is the most commonly used among the respondents. Concerning teaching strategies, e-learning platforms are commonly used as part of computer programming courses. More than half of the respondents use collaborative strategies such as pair programming in their courses. Finally, a half of the respondents use traditional computer labs for teaching programming; however, other approaches such as mobile devices, games and simulations, Arduino kits and robots start to be used as a teaching strategy. Our findings can serve as a starting point for addressing reforms in computer programming courses taught in Ecuadorian CS undergraduate programs.
The effect of Enterobius vermicularis infection (oxyuriasis) on eosinophil and IgE levels in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Solmaz Fevzi , Dikici Oğuzhan , Akduman Davut , Haksever Mehmet , Hakyemez İsmail Necati , Yanılmaz Muhammed
Published: March 2018

Objective:
Elevated levels of serum IgE and eosinophilia are the indicators of atopy and
intestinal parasitic infections. We evaluated the effect of Enterobius vermicularis infection
(enterobiasis) on blood eosinophil count and IgE levels in allergic rhinitis. Methods:
A total of 110 patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis (with symptoms of
rhinorrhea, itchy nose and nasal congestion) consisting of 41 (37.27%) males
and 69 (62.73%) females were examined. Forty-one (37.27%) patients with
enterobiasis were selected as the study group. The remaining 69 (62.73%) patients
accepted as the control group. Results: In the study group the mean
serum total IgE level and mean serum eosinophil count were 393.10 ± 159.83 IU/mL
and 0.56 ± 0.04 103/mL, respectively. In the control group the mean
serum total IgE level and mean serum eosinophil count were 236.91 ± 63.55 IU/mL
and 0.37 ± 0.12 103/mL, respectively. The difference between the two
groups was statistically significant for serum total IgE levels (p < 0.05) but not for serum
eosinophil count (p > 0.05). The
correlation coefficients between serum total IgE level and eosinophil count
were statistically insignificant (p >
0.05). Conclusions: More comprehensive and long-term
placebo-controlled studies should be performed in order to find the answer to
the question of whether helminth infections play a role in allergic disease.
Patogenicidad de Magnaporthe oryzae en variedades y líneas de trigo cultivadas en Paraguay
Authors: Chávez Alice Rocío , Mohan-Kohli Man
Published: March 2018

El brusone causado por Magnaporthe oryzae patotipo Triticum es uno de los problemas más serios para la producción de trigo en Sudamérica. Debido al número reducido de fuentes de resistencia, la identificación de nuevas fuentes es de suma importancia. En este trabajo se evaluó la reacción de las variedades de trigo sembradas en Paraguay a la infección por M. oryzae. Treinta y dos variedades y cuatro líneas avanzadas del Programa Nacional de Investigación de Trigo del Instituto Paraguayo de Tecnología Agraria se inocularon con tres cepas, mediante aspersión, con una suspensión de 5 x 104 conidios mL-1. La evaluación se realizó a los 15 días utilizando una escala de severidad de 0-4. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Con base en las medianas de severidad, los materiales se clasificaron como Resistentes (0-1), Moderadamente Resistentes (1.1-2), Moderadamente susceptibles (2.1-3) y Susceptibles (3.1-4). La variedad Canindé 1 fue resistente a las tres cepas, mientras CD 116 fue resistente a uno y moderadamente resistente a dos. Los demás genotipos fueron susceptibles y moderadamente susceptibles a las tres cepas, demostrando la susceptibilidad de las variedades sembradas en Paraguay y la necesidad de ampliar la base de resistencia en el programa nacional de mejoramiento.
FACTORES ASOCIADOS AL DESARROLLO DE DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 EN CHILE
Authors: Petermann Rocha Fanny , Celis-Morales Carlos , Leiva Ana María , Martínez María Adela , Díaz Ximena , Poblete-Valderrama Felipe , Garrido-Méndez Alex
Published: March 2018

Antecedentes- La prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) se ha duplicado en los últimos años a nivel mundial, en gran medida como consecuencia de la modificación de los estilos de vida de las personas. Existe muchos factores asociados al desarrollo de DMT2, sin embargo, es necesario identificar cuáles de estos factores tienen mayor o menor implicancia en población chilena. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este estudio fue Identificar qué factores sociodemográficos, de estilos de vida y salud tienen mayor implicancia con el riesgo de padecer DMT2 en Chile.Metodología: Estudio de prevalencia basado en los resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010, a partir de una muestra de 4.700 personas (4.162 normales; 538 diabéticos). Se evaluaron factores sociodemográficos, antropométricos, de estilos de vida, salud y bienestar y variables metabólicas. La asociación entre los factores analizados y DMT2 se determinó mediante regresión logística.Resultados: Dentro de los principales factores de riesgo no modificables asociados a DMT2 se encuentra la edad ≥ 45 años, sexo femenino y antecedentes familiares de DMT2. Los factores de riesgo modificables más significativos fueron: hipertensión arterial, sobrepeso, obesidad, obesidad central, inactividad física y alto nivel de sedentarismo.Conclusión: La identificación y control de los principales factores de riesgo modificables de DMT2, es clave para disminuir la prevalencia de esta patología y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población.
Red Flags for Low Back Pain Are Not Always Really Red
Authors: Premkumar Ajay , Godfrey William , Gottschalk Michael B. , Boden Scott D.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Low back pain has a high prevalence and morbidity, and is a source of substantial health-care spending. Numerous published guidelines support the use of so-called red flag questions to screen for serious pathology in patients with low back pain. This paper examines the effectiveness of red flag questions as a screening tool for patients presenting with low back pain to a multidisciplinary academic spine center.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of the cases of 9,940 patients with a chief complaint of low back pain. The patients completed a questionnaire that included several red flag questions during their first physician visit. Diagnostic data for the same clinical episode were collected from medical records and were corroborated with imaging reports. Patients who were diagnosed as having a vertebral fracture, malignancy, infection, or cauda equina syndrome were classified as having a red flag diagnosis.

Results:

Specific individual red flags and combinations of red flags were associated with an increased probability of underlying serious spinal pathology, e.g., recent trauma and an age of >50 years were associated with vertebral fracture. The presence or absence of other red flags, such as night pain, was unrelated to any particular diagnosis. For instance, for patients with no recent history of infection and no fever, chills, or sweating, the presence of night pain was a false-positive finding for infection >96% of the time. In general, the absence of red flag responses did not meaningfully decrease the likelihood of a red flag diagnosis; 64% of patients with spinal malignancy had no associated red flags.

Conclusions:

While a positive response to a red flag question may indicate the presence of serious disease, a negative response to 1 or 2 red flag questions does not meaningfully decrease the likelihood of a red flag diagnosis. Clinicians should use caution when utilizing red flag questions as screening tools.
Teaching Patients How to Reduce a Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Marcano-Fernández F.A. , Balaguer-Castro Mariano , Fillat-Gomà F. , Ràfols-Perramon Ona , Torrens C. , Torner P.
Published: March 2018

Background:

There are many different techniques for reducing acute anterior dislocations of the shoulder, and their use depends on surgeon preference. The objective of this study was to compare the pain experienced by a patient performing a self-reduction technique with the pain felt during a reduction performed by a trained physician.

Methods:

The study was carried out at the emergency department of a tertiary referral center. Patients between 18 and 60 years of age with an acute anterior shoulder dislocation were randomly allocated into 2 groups. In 1 group the emergency doctor actively guided the reduction process with the Spaso technique (Sp group), and in the other group the patient used the Boss-Holzach-Matter (also known as Davos or Aronen) self-reduction technique (BHM group). The pain experienced by the patient during the reduction was recorded by means of a visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10. Other recorded data included demographic characteristics, reduction time, and success rate.

Results:

Of 378 patients assessed for eligibility from May 2015 until February 2017, 197 did not meet the inclusion criteria, 58 met exclusion criteria, 22 declined to participate, and 41 withdrew before randomization. Sixty acute anterior shoulder dislocations were randomized into the Sp group (n = 30) or the BHM group (n = 30). The BHM group experienced significantly less pain during reduction than the Sp group (p = 0.047), with mean pain scores of 3.57 (standard deviation [SD] = 2.1]) and 5.26 (SD = 2.9), respectively. No significant difference between groups was found with respect to reduction time (105 seconds [range, 10 to 660 seconds] in the Sp group and 90 seconds [range, 5 to 600 seconds] in the BHM group; p = 0.6) or success rate (67% and 77%, respectively; p = 0.39).

Conclusions:

The self-reduction technique results in less pain than, and is as efficient in achieving reduction of anterior shoulder dislocations as, the Spaso technique. These findings favor the use of the self-assisted method as an effective first-line treatment for shoulder dislocations seen in the emergency department as well as its use by patients with recurrent dislocation.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Mid-Term Results of Periacetabular Osteotomy for the Treatment of Hip Dysplasia Associated with Down Syndrome
Authors: Maranho Daniel A. , Williams Kathryn A. , Millis Michael B. , Kim Young-Jo , Novais Eduardo N.
Published: March 2018

Background:

The treatment of hip dysplasia in patients with Down syndrome is challenging. We investigated the clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes of periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) as well as factors associated with its failure at a minimum of 5 years of follow-up.

Methods:

Between 1992 and 2011, 19 patients with Down syndrome (26 hips) underwent PAO at a mean age of 16.2 ± 4.7 years. Hip pain and function were assessed with use of the modified Harris hip score (HHS) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The criteria for PAO failure were progression of osteoarthritis with a recommendation for total hip arthroplasty or hip arthrodesis, or an HHS of <60 points. Preoperative and most recent radiographs were assessed for measurement of the lateral and anterior center-edge angles, Tönnis angle, extrusion index, and anterior and posterior wall indices, and for evaluation of the Tönnis grade of osteoarthritis.

Results:

At an average follow-up of 13.1 ± 5.2 years (range, 5.4 to 24 years), 13 (62%) of 21 hips with an HHS demonstrated good or excellent HHS results (median, 91 points; interquartile range, 65 to 96 points). Ninety-five percent of the patients were independent in ambulation. All radiographic parameters significantly improved after PAO. Eight (31%) of the 26 hips were considered to have failed the procedure. Tönnis grade-2 osteoarthritis (4 hips compared with 1 hip; p = 0.008; odds ratio [OR] = 17.00) and older patient age at the time of the procedure (19.6 ± 6.7 compared with 14.7 ± 2.4 years; p = 0.017; OR = 1.36 per year) were demonstrated to be factors associated with PAO failure in an analysis of hips that failed compared with those without failure at the time of latest follow-up.

Conclusions:

PAO improves radiographic deformity and helps to preserve independent ambulation in patients with hip dysplasia and Down syndrome. Although nearly 70% of the hips were preserved at an average of 13 years postoperatively, 1 in 3 hips met the criteria for failure, which was associated with older age at the time of the procedure and a moderate osteoarthritis grade (Tönnis grade 2).

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Exploring Aluminum Tolerance at Seedling Stage in Rice (Oryza sativa, Linn) by Using Modified Magnavaca Nutrient Solution
Authors: Hidayatun Nurul , Q. Diaz Maria Genaleen , Ismail Abdelbaghi M.
Published: March 2018

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is considered as one of the main constraints for crop production in acidic soil. This study was subjected to observe the response of root and shoot growth of eight rice varieties under Al stress in hydrophonic solution. A modified Magnavaca’s solution was used to compare the effect of Al stress using different variables which were relative root elongation (RRE), relative shoot length (RSL) and relative root weight (RRW). The experiment was conducted in split-plot experimental design. Eight rice varieties were screened in four Al levels (0 μM, 540 μM, 750 μM, and 1,300 μM). Root length, shoot length,
and root dry weight were measured after 7 days of treatment, then the RRE, RSL, and RRW were calculated. The results showed that Al significantly reduced RRE and RSL but increased RRW. RSL was reduced as the Al concentration increased while RRE reduction started only at 750 μM Al concentration. It was observed that RRW was significantly higher under 540 and 750 μM Al concentration. However, no significant difference was observed in 1,300 μM Al concentration. The increase in root weight is partly attributed by the thickening of the root wall, but this effect was diminished due to root hair inhibition under 1,300 μM Al concentration. Among these three variables observed, root and shoot lengths indicated better variables in determining Al tolerance in rice, compared to root weight. However, these variables were not sufficient to represent root and shoot growth inhibition, and not sufficient to be used solely for Al toxicity screening
Control of Anthracnose Disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) Using Nano Chitosan Hydrolyzed by Chitinase Derived from Burkholderia cepacia Isolate E76
Authors: Suryadi Yadi , Priyatno Tri Puji , Samudra I Made , Susilowati Dwi Ningsih , Sriharyani Tuti Septi , Syaefudin Syaefudin
Published: March 2018

Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is one of the important diseases of fruit crops that need to be controlled. This study was aimed to obtain the best formula of hydrolyzed nano chitosan and its potensial in controlling anthracnose. The hydrolyzed chitosan was prepared using chitinase enzyme extracted from Burkholderia cepacia isolate E76. Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized using ionic gelation method by reacting hydrolyzed chitosan (0.2%) with Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) (0.1%) as cross-linking agent using 30–60 minutes stirring condition. The bioactivity of the nano chitosan formula was tested to C. gloeosporioides under in vitro and in vivo assays. The specific enzymatic activity of the purified chitinase was higher (0.19 U/mg) than that of crude enzyme (supernatant) with the purity increased by 3.8 times. Of the four formula tested, Formula A (hydrolyzed chitosan to STPP volume ratio of 5 : 1 with 60 minutes stirring condition) was found good in terms of physical characteristic of the particle. The formula nano chitosan particle had the spherical-like shape with an average particle size of 126.2+3.8 nm, polydispersity index (PI) of 0.4+0.02, and zeta potential (ZP) value of 27.8+0.2 mV. Nano chitosan had an inhibitory activity to C. gloeosporioides in vitro up to 85.7%. Moreover, it could inhibit 61.2% of C. gloeosporioides spores germination. It was shown that nano chitosan was also effective to reduce anthracnose disease severity in vivo when applied as a preventive measure on chili and papaya fruits. This study could be used as a reference for further fruit coating application using nano chitosan as a promising postharvest biocontrol agent to C. gloeosporioides.
Paleoenvironments reconstructed from the analyses of loess sequences on Susak Island, Adriatic Sea
Authors: Kis Éva , Schweitzer Ferenc , Lóczy Dénes
Published: March 2018

Susak Island is the outermost member of the archipelago of the Kvarner Bay, North Adriatic Sea, Croatia. Its long-term landscape evolution is defined by tectonic movements. Most characteristic are partly exhumed landforms of an ancient terrane (scarps, uplifted limestone cliffs) in a still active neotectonic environment, but the most appropriate tools for the reconstruction of Quaternary paleoenvironments are loess and loess-like deposits. The Quaternary sequence is up to almost 100 m thickness locally and intensively studied by numerous disciplines (from structural geology to geochemistry and geomorphology) today. The special location of the island makes it a key area of research into the evolution of the broader environment, including the Po Plain as well as other Italian source areas of wind-borne and redeposited dust. The loess mantle was also of great importance for a paleoecological reconstruction of floral and faunal evolution, on which efforts of nature conservation are founded.
Effect of Ochratoxin-A on Mouse Embryos
Authors: Al-Timimi Zainab Karim , Gali Mohammad Abdul-Hadi
Published: March 2018

This study sought to determine malformation caused by Ochratoxin-A (OTA) on mouse embryos. Twenty adult female white Swiss mice (mus msculus) were divided into four groups, with five females per group, and with one male placed with two females in a cage. Avaginal plug was observed in the early morning and the day of mating was considered as day of pregnancy followed by the first day of pregnancy. Three sub lethal concentrations of OTA were applied to the respective groups (other than the control), 1mg/kg, 2mg/kg and 4mg/kg. The animals were given 0.1 ml per 10 gm body weight per concentration of OTA once a day during days 7-14 of pregnancy. The control group animals were given distilled water. The pregnant mice were dissected, and the embryos were extracted in order to identify the effects of the OTA. Number of parameters were studied including, difference in body weight of the mice before mating and after the end of the experiment, the weights and lengths of embryo, as well as a study of embryo malformation.
The study shows no significant differences in the mean body weight of the pregnant mice in the 1 mg/kg group, compared to control group. A significant (P
A Data-Analytics Tutorial: Building Predictive Models for Oil Production in an Unconventional Shale Reservoir
Authors: Schuetter Jared , Mishra Srikanta , Zhong Ming , LaFollette (ret.) Randy
Published: March 2018

Considerable amounts of data are being generated during the development and operation of unconventional reservoirs. Statistical methods that can provide data-driven insights into production performance are gaining in popularity. Unfortunately, the application of advanced statistical algorithms remains somewhat of a mystery to petroleum engineers and geoscientists. The objective of this paper is to provide some clarity to this issue, focusing on how to build robust predictive models and how to develop decision rules that help identify factors separating good wells from poor performers. The data for this study come from wells completed in the Wolfcamp Shale Formation in the Permian Basin. Data categories used in the study included well location and assorted metrics capturing various aspects of well architecture, well completion, stimulation, and production.

Predictive models for the production metric of interest are built using simple regression and other advanced methods such as random forests (RFs), support-vector regression (SVR), gradient-boosting machine (GBM), and multidimensional Kriging. The data-fitting process involves splitting the data into a training set and a test set, building a regression model on the training set and validating it with the test set. Repeated application of a “cross-validation” procedure yields valuable information regarding the robustness of each regression-modeling approach. Furthermore, decision rules that can identify extreme behavior in production wells (i.e., top x% of the wells vs. bottom x%, as ranked by the production metric) are generated using the classification and regression-tree algorithm. The resulting decision tree (DT) provides useful insights regarding what variables (or combinations of variables) can drive production performance into such extreme categories.

The main contributions of this paper are to provide guidelines on how to build robust predictive models, and to demonstrate the utility of DTs for identifying factors responsible for good vs. poor wells.
Creación de Libros Colaborativos en el Marco de la Iniciativa LATIn
Authors: Collazos César A. , Ochoa Xavier , Rodes Virginia , Maturana Jorge
Published: March 2018

La creación de libros de texto es una tarea que involucra la participación de diversos actores. Trabajar colaborativamente es una labor que no es fácil de ejecutar. Se hace necesario definir, planear y estructurar actividades que conlleven una verdadera colaboración entre los integrantes de los grupos de trabajo. En la escritura de libros esta técnica se utiliza con el fin de producir documentos de alta calidad. En el presente trabajo, los autores presentan el modelo seguido para la creación de libros de forma colaborativa enmarcado dentro de la Iniciativa LATIn (Iniciativa Latinoamericana de Creación de Libros de Texto Abiertos).
CB-SMoT+: Una Extensión al Algoritmo CB-SMoT
Authors: Moreno Francisco , Orrego Guillermo , Pineda Andrés
Published: March 2018

Una trayectoria es un registro de la evolución de la posición de un objeto móvil. Por ejemplo, un vehículo que se mueve en el espacio durante un intervalo de tiempo. Una trayectoria se representa mediante una secuencia de observaciones que indican la posición y el tiempo en el que fue tomada cada observación. CB-SMoT es un algoritmo que identifica las partes de una trayectoria durante las cuales el objeto mantuvo una velocidad promedio por debajo de un límite dado. En este artículo se propone una extensión para dicho algoritmo que permite identificar las partes de una trayectoria durante las cuales el objeto mantuvo una velocidad promedio entre observaciones por debajo de un límite dado. Esto posibilita la identificación, por ejemplo, de violaciones a un límite de velocidad que no son advertidas por el algoritmo original. Para el estudio se usó el sistema de gestión de bases de datos PostgreSQL y los algoritmos se implementaron en su lenguaje de programación, llamado PL/pgSQL. Además, se hicieron experimentos con 100 trayectorias de vehículos con el propósito de mostrar la utilidad y la viabilidad de la propuesta
GPLAD: Programación Estructurada Sobre Dispositivos Android
Authors: Hernández-Ramírez Luisa Fernanda , Giraldo-Giraldo Fabián Andrés , Cárdenas-Castrillón Jonathan Ray
Published: March 2018

La programación por medio de bloques es un enfoque visual que permite a las personas jóvenes adquirir interés en el desarrollo de software. Así lo han demostrado herramientas para computadores como Scratch, StarLogo y Alice. Hoy en día hay estudiantes e ingenieros programadores que desean implementar soluciones más estructuradas y hay pocas herramientas que, a través de programación gráfica ofrezcan la posibilidad de solucionar problemas que se manejen en primeros semestres universitarios. Por otro lado, los dispositivos móviles, en especial los que poseen sistema operativo Android, han tenido acogida en los últimos años, además, son utilizados para resolver problemas en tiempo real. El objetivo de este trabajo fue demostrar la utilidad de una aplicación que soporta la programación estructurada por medio de bloques sobre dispositivos Android, que facilita la creación y ejecución de código en el lenguaje Java sobre un servidor remoto. Se realizó un análisis para determinar el ambiente de programación, la creación de bloques con su representación intermedia y las validaciones para la generación de código, además, se realizaron pruebas a través de la formulación de problemas matemáticos que se enseñan durante los primeros cursos de Ingeniería de sistemas en la Fundación Universitaria San Martín. Finalmente, se obtuvo el código Java de la solución a cada problema planteado dentro de Gplad.
La Ingeniería
Authors: Serna-Montoya Edgar
Published: March 2018

El estudio de la ingeniería es la plataforma mediante la cual puede mejorarse todo sistema. Uno de los objetivos fundamentales de un ingeniero, consiste en adaptar latecnología para ofrecer soluciones que satisfagan necesidades humanas. Esto generalmente implica construir o diseñar undispositivo que alcance una meta que anteriormente no pudo alcanzar, o que no fue finalizada tan rápida, exacta o con laseguridad que se deseaba.La Ingeniería es la disciplina y profesión que aplica los conocimientos técnicos y científicos y utiliza las leyes naturales y los recursos físicos, con el fin de diseñar e implementar materiales, estructuras, máquinas, dispositivos, sistemas y procesos para alcanzar un objetivo deseado, pero que cumpla con los criterios especificados.
Edsger Wybe Dijkstra
Authors: Serna-Montoya Edgar
Published: March 2018

Fue uno de los más influyentes miembros de la generación fundadora de las ciencias computacionales. Son notables son aportes científicos en las áreas de: Diseño de Algoritmos Lenguajes de programación Diseño de programas Sistemas operativos Procesamiento distribuido Especificación y verificación formal Diseño de argumentos matemáticos
El Conocimiento del Dominio como Valor Agregado al Plan de Pruebas
Authors: Prado Lourdes
Published: March 2018

El conocimiento del dominio es el área de especialización relacionada con el entorno de la aplicación, mientras que el conocimiento técnico es la tecnología utilizada para generar la aplicación y el conocimiento o know-how para ejecutar las actividades del día a día para realizar una tarea. Con base en estas definiciones el conocimiento de dominio sería la telefonía móvil, VoIP, la banca, el comercio electrónico o las aplicaciones de atención médica, y los conocimientos técnicos serían los protocolos, las redes, los lenguajes de programación, la web, los motores de búsqueda, las pruebas SOAP, o la automatización. Conocer ese dominio es de suma importancia en el mundo de las pruebas, ya que le da ventajas a los probadores para diseñar escenarios de prueba lo más cercanos a la vida real. En este trabajo se hace una descripción de las ventajas de conocer el domino del producto y se sustenta la importancia de contar con probadores expertos en el dominio de la aplicación para entregar software de mayor calidad.
Un Análisis de la Resistencia de Materiales a partir de los Postulados de “Consideraciones y Demostraciones Matemáticas sobre dos Nuevas Ciencias” de Galileo Galilei
Authors: Jaramillo Héctor E.
Published: March 2018

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de los postulados realizados por Galileo Galilei en su libro ―Consideraciones y demostraciones matemáticas sobre dos nuevas ciencias‖, desde la óptica de los principios modernos de la Resistencia de Materiales. Igualmente se hace un análisis descriptivo y numérico de las proposiciones planteadas por Galileo, como casos particulares de aplicación. Se encontró que estos postulados guardan vigencia actualmente y, aunque son muy básicos para la actualidad, no habrían sido formulados formalmente hasta este momento, sin embargo su importancia radica en su contribución al sentar las bases de la Resistencia de Materiales moderna.
Análisis a los Algoritmos Utilizados por el Software para BI
Authors: Cooke Curtis
Published: March 2018

El propósito de este trabajo es examinar cuáles son los algoritmos que utilizan los paquetes de software más populares para BI. Una encuesta inicial informal muestra que los actuales paquetes de software de BI incluyen a la mayoría de algoritmos descritos en la literatura de los paquetes estadísticos tradicionales. Además, una de las principales diferencias entre el software para BI y los paquetes estadísticos tradicionales es que el primero tiene mejores características para los reportes.
Development and Pharmacokinetics Study of Antifungal Peptide Nanoliposomes by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yang Shuoye
Published: March 2018

Background:

The therapeutic ability and application of antifungal peptide (APs) are limited
by their physico-chemical and biological properties, the nano-liposomal encapsulation would improve
the in vivo circulation and stability.

Objective: To develop a long-circulating liposomal delivery systems encapsulated APs-CGA-N12 with
PEGylated lipids and cholesterol, and investigated through in vivo pharmacokinetics.

Methods:

The liposomes were prepared and characterized, a rapid and simple liquid chromatographytandem
mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was developed for the determination of antifungal peptide
in vivo, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of APs liposomes were evaluated in rats.

Results:

Liposomes had a large, unilamellar structure, particle size and Zeta potential ranged from 160
to 185 nm and -0.55 to 1.1 mV, respectively. The results indicated that the plasma concentration of
peptides in reference solutions rapidly declined after intravenous administration, whereas the
liposomeencapsulated ones showed slower elimination. The AUC(0-∞) was increased by 3.0-fold in
liposomes in comparison with standard solution (20 mg·kg-1), the half-life (T1/2) was 1.6- and 1.5-fold
higher compared to the reference groups of 20 and 40 mg·kg-1, respectively.

Conclusion:

Therefore, it could be concluded that liposomal encapsulation effectively improved the
bioavailability and pharmacokinetic property of antifungal peptides.
Degradation Prediction of Rail Tracks: A Review of the Existing Literature
Authors: Elkhoury Najwa , Hitihamillage Lalith , Moridpour Sara , Robert Dilan
Published: March 2018

In the past few decades, the railway infrastructure has been widely expanded in urban and rural areas, making it the most complex matrix of rail transport networks. Safe and comfortable travel on railways has always been a common goal for transportation engineers and researchers, and requires railways in excellent condition and well-organized maintenance practices. Degradation of rail tracks is a main concern for railway organizations as it affects the railway’s behaviour and its parameters, such as track geometry, speed, traffic and loads. Therefore, the prediction of the degradation of rail tracks is very important in order to optimise maintenance needs, reduce maintenance and operational costs of railways, and improve rail track conditions.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of rail degradation prediction models, their parameters, and the strengths and weaknesses of each model. A comprehensive discussion of existing research and a comparison of different models of degradation of rail tracks is also provided. Finally, this review presents concluding remarks on the limitations of existing studies and provides recommendations for further research and appraisal practices.
Diffusion Theory for the Infection Pathway of Virus in a Living Cell
Authors: Itto Yuichi
Published: March 2018

Background:

The infection pathway of virus in living cell is of interest from the viewpoint of the physics of diffusion.

Objective:

Here, recent developments about a diffusion theory for the infection pathway of an adeno-associated virus in cytoplasm of a living HeLa cell are reported.

Theories and Results:

Generalizing fractional kinetics successfully modeling anomalous diffusion, a theory for describing the infection pathway of the virus over the cytoplasm is presented. The statistical property of the fluctuations of the anomalous-diffusion exponent is also discussed based on a maximum-entropy-principle approach. In addition, an issue regarding the continuum limit of the entropy introduced in the approach is carefully examined. The theory is found to imply that the motion of the virus may obey a scaling law.
Diseño de un sistema alternativo para el tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas por medio de la técnica de lombrifiltros utilizando la especie Eisenia foetida
Authors: Ramón Jacipt Alexander , León José Alejandro , Castillo Nelson
Published: March 2018

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo diseñar y construir un sistema sobre tratamiento de aguas residuales para la ciudad de Pamplona utilizando como base teórica el sistema de tratamiento Tohá creado por el Dr. Jose Tohá de la Universidad de Chile, proponiendo una serie de procesos que permiten el saneamiento de las aguas servidas después de su uso con fines domésticos, industriales o comerciales, para poder ser vertidas finalmente a cuerpos de agua naturales. Este proceso incluye un tratamiento con lombrifiltros (aserrín y Eisenia foetida), por donde las aguas residuales pasan seguidamente de una cama de carbón activado filtrando y una cama de grava de piedra, permitiendo oxigenar el agua a partir del goteo que existe entre las camas. Finalmente, el efluente sigue a una cama de piedra de rio de gran tamaño y a un decantador para realizar la toma de muestras. De esta manera se obtiene agua tratada con baja carga orgánica dentro de los parámetros que establece la Comisión de Regulación de Agua Potable y Saneamiento Básico CRA en Colombia.
Modelo y simulación de una intersección vial usando el software Arena
Authors: Puerto Hernández Sebastian , Forero Forero Sergio , Herrera Cuartas Jorge
Published: March 2018

En este artículo se presenta el modelo y la simulación de una intersección vial. Para modelar las dinámicas fue seleccionado el software Arena®, por su gran versatilidad y amplitud en herramientas a la hora de diseñar y modelar sistemas estocásticos. Las simulaciones en eventos discretos de la intersección validarán el modelo. Con el modelo obtenido se podrá realizar el cambio en la programación de los semáforos, la inclusión de paraderos en sitios específicos de las vías, y además la demostración de la relación entre la forma de conducción y estos problemas de movilidad. Se busca disminuir el tamaño de las colas que se generan, además de una reducción en los tiempos de recorridos de los usuarios en estos tramos y un mejoramiento notable en el funcionamiento vial en general de la ciudad.
Impactos ambientales negatios generados por el uso de palancas para fortifiación de minas, sector carbonífero
Authors: Moreno Machado Mónica Alejandra , Arenas Hernández Jorge Enrique , Ramón Valencia Jacipt Alexander
Published: March 2018

La investigación apunta al conocimiento del impacto ambiental negativo generado por el uso de palancas en la actividad minera subterránea en el período 2006-2013 en el departamento de Norte de Santander. La fecha de otorgamiento de las licencias ambientales permitió definir con precisión los volúmenes de explotación y en consecuencia las cantidades de madera necesarias para la construcción de las estructuras de fortificación, más específicamente las palancas. A la fecha de la investigación se encuentran activas ciento treinta y siete (137) licencias de minería de carbón cuya presencia se hace en diecisiete de los cuarenta municipios de la jurisdicción. Los municipios de  Cúcuta, El Zulia y Sardinata poseen el 62 % de las concesiones. En cuanto al uso de la madera para la fortiiación de las minas, tan solo el 29.5 % es de origen legal. En la actividad utilizan setenta y seis tipos de madera de diferentes especies, sin embargo la especie de mayor uso es la pino pátula  Pinus patula) con el 38.6 % de preferencia. Con respecto a la pérdida de cobertura vegetal en el área de intervención, se realizó una revisión documental de todos y cada uno de los títulos mineros que en el período investigado estuvieran realizando explotación de carbón. Posteriormente se evaluó cada título minero, determinando que la deforestación en el período de estudio alcanzó 449 hectáreas equivalente al 1.55 % del área ocupada por la concesión. De igual manera se pudo establecer que desde 1990 a 2006 se deforestaron 4.824 hectáreas que corresponden al 18 % del área total de los títulos mineros explotados. La autoridad ambiental inició procesos ambientales sancionatorios al 14 % de los usuarios en el 2012 y al 10.6% de usuarios en el 2013.