bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of CFD Modeling of Performance for Classification
Authors: Cao Wei , Fang Ying , Li De Xiang
Published: June 2012

The numerical simulation in the classification has been used in ANSYS CFX 10.0. We described the different flow fields within the classification in accordance with the one-phase simulation experiment, which provided a new theoretical perspective for optimized design on classification. At the same time, the classification efficiency was predicted by simulation for two phase particle trajectory. This will lay a foundation for improving classification efficiency.
Two-Dimensional Numerical Study of Temperature, Species Distributions in Coflow Laminar Diffusion Flames
Authors: Xu You Ning , Shi Jun Rui , Xue Zhi Jia , Wang Shu Qun , Xie Mao Zhao
Published: June 2012

Abstract. temperature and species distributions of an atmosphere coflow laminar CH4/air diffusion flame was studied by numerical simulation. We solve the steady equations for the species mass fraction, energy, momentum with detailed gas-phase reaction mechanism and complex thermal and transport properties to predict the velocity, temperature, species distributions for different dilute level. Results indicated that the predicted temperature and species are in excellent with available experiment date at different dilute level. In addition, it is indicated that adding N2in the fuel has a significant influence on the flame temperature and species distribution.
Effects of Different Deviations of Helical Inlet Port on Performance
Authors: Zhang Xue Dong , Sun Ping , Lu Wen Xia , Ye Li Hua
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the helical inlet port of CZ4B26 diesel engine is studied. Its3-D solid models of port with the axial deviation and rotated port are made to research the effect on helical inlet port performance. Based on the validation of CFD precision by test, the numerical simulation of flow characteristics in ports-valve-cylinder system is carried out. The results showed that the axial deviation of the port and rotated port have a range of effects on the performance of inlet port.
Effect of Internal Helical Microfin on Condensation Performance of Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon
Authors: Wang Xin Yu , Xin Gong Ming , Tian Fu Zhong , Cheng Lin
Published: June 2012

This paper investigates the condensation performance of a novel type of two-phase closed thermosyphon with internal helical microfin. The length of the thermosyphon is 1500 mm, with the filling ratio of 60%. A series of experiments were conducted for the novel and conventional thermosyphons. The results show that the internal helical microfins could not only ameliorate the thermal response characteristic but also improve the condensation heat transfer coefficient by 116.87% for the higher heat input. A correlation was developed to predict the condensation heat transfer coefficient of the novel thermosyphon.
Experimental Study of Turbulence Properties in a SMX Mixer
Authors: Gong Bing , Zhu Xiao Jing
Published: June 2012

The three-dimensional pulsating velocity distribution of fluid in the three different structure of SMX static mixers were measured by using laser Doppler velocimetry. The results show that the three different structure of SMX static mixers all have good turbulent reinforcement. Especially in the third and the fourth elements are more obvious. The pulse RSM after them gets stability in the main. With the increase of inlet flow, not only the pulse of axial speed increase ,but also the pulse RSM of axial speed and turbulent energy are approximate linear increase .
Numerical Analysis on Characteristics of Heat Transfer of Pulsating Flow around the Vibrating Tube
Authors: Liu Qian , Yu Jiu Yang , Lin Wei , Liu Li Jun , Yang Wen Hao , Chen Yi Wen , Nie Si Hao
Published: June 2012

Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of pulsating flow around the vibrating tube was numerically investigated by the dynamic meshing technique of FLUENT. The results showed the combined action of pulsating flow and vibration enhances the coefficient of heat transfer, and the surface heat transfer coefficient of vibrating tube increases with the increment of the tube vibration amplitude, frequency and pulsating flow amplitude, and pulsating flow frequency has less affected. The main reason that pulsating flow enhances heat transfer is the secondary flow, generated by the combined effect of pulsating flow and tube vibration, enhances momentum and energy transfer.
The Game Analysis on Moral Hazard in the Safety Supervision of Nuclear Power
Authors: Huang Qiu Sheng , Wang Sheng
Published: June 2012

The development of nuclear power has become an important way to solve the problems of environment and energy in many countries, also it is an important policy to solve the problems of e energy structure in China. But moral hazard in the safety supervision of nuclear power has happened. By adopting the game analysis method and establishing the game model of moral hazard in the safety supervision of nuclear power, the paper analysis the model with static mixed game and finite iterations of dynamic game. As a result, it can lower the moral hazard if the governments strengthen the punishment in violation of safety rules and reduce the supervision cost.
Assessment of Socio-Economic Development Strategies in Dianchi Lake Watershed Using Environment Carrying Capacity
Authors: Yu Shu Xia , Han Zhao Qin , Wang Zhen , He Cheng Jie , Liu Jie , Guo Huai Cheng
Published: June 2012

Generally environmental carrying capacity for a region—the maximum population and economic growth depends on the complex interaction between environment and socio-economy. Fast and intensive urbanization and economy developing strategies in Dianchi Lake Watershed has to be carefully inspected to reduce their negative impacts on environment. This study is going to utilize a linear program model to assess whether the strategies exceed the environment carrying capacity. The results indicate that local developing strategies should be reconsidered to rebuild an environment friendly way for not exceeding environment carrying capacity.
An Analysis of Establishing Indicator System of Environmental Impact Assessment for Energy Plan of Xinjiang
Authors: Wang Zhi Jian , Cao Jia
Published: June 2012

Xinjiang is rich in energy reserves, but at the same time extremely fragile in ecological environment. In the twelfth five-year plan of Xinjiang, there is a clear plan for energy and the environment. Based on the related content of the law on the environmental impact assessment, this paper argues the establishment of the indicator system of environmental impact assessment of energy plan considered both economy aspect and environment aspect．
Comprehensive Evaluation on Sensitivity of Ecological Environment in Chengde
Authors: Li Chun , Qian Jin Ping
Published: June 2012

This paper adopts the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation to conduct spatial superposition calculation of the classified index of single-factor evaluation result through evaluating soil erosion sensitivity, land desertification sensitivity, susceptibility to stress of water resource and water environment pollution sensitivity, etc, thus getting the result of comprehensive evaluation of ecological environment sensitivity in Chengde. Chengde’s ecological environment has four levels which are extremely sensitive area, medium sensitive area, slightly sensitive area and general area.
Automobile Information Identification Device Implementation Based on SOA for Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Bao Jian Min , Cui Gang , Wang Xiu Feng
Published: June 2012

Many automobile security systems are provided today, but their functions are not enough to satisfy the applications for Environmental Monitoring based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA).In this paper, we proposed and introduced new device which is an automobile information Identification device with sensors network to strengthen automobile security system function for monitoring environment. This device aims at monitoring status of automobile as well as its environment by collecting data through sensors network. In order to increase the security, we used a new designed architecture of sensors network to gather data. GPS and GPRS were also added to locate the automobile and to transmit filtered data into the monitor. A New Design approach of system was discussed on both software and hardware. One math model for showing gas and voltage value relation was established. In order to improve system reliability, various testing methods were applied in this system. The results showed that the combination of average filtering algorithm and median filtering algorithm to inhibit interference signal at variety of frequency case can effectively filter different frequency interference signal in the software system. The advantage of this system was discussed. The system has low cost, high performance, real-time and reliability characteristics. It can not only strengthen current security system functions but also can satisfy requirements of future automobile. It also has large potential market.
Determination of Calcium Content in Calcium Tablet by Microscale Chemistry Experiment
Authors: Zhuo Yu Guo , Liu Jun
Published: June 2012

The determination method of calcium content in calcium tablet using the micro titration has introduced, and also has compared the obtaining results by the microburette and by the routine analysis. F examination and t examination are all in the appropriate scope. The relative standard de-viation is less than 0.3%. There is no obvious difference in the results.
On the Sensitivity of Short-Term Climate Prediction to Initial Atmospheric Conditions
Authors: Guan Yuan Hong , Zhou Guang Qing
Published: June 2012

Two different sets of ensemble hindcasting experiments were performed with a grid-point Atmospheric General Circulation Model (IAP9L2x2.5-AGCM) forced by actual observed and climatic surface sea temperature(SST), sea ice respectively for seventeen years(1988-2004).In each of set of experiment, there were three tests from three different initial atmospheric conditions . Then the sensitivity of short-term climate prediction to initial atmospheric conditions was investigated. A simple correlation analysis showed that the influence of initial atmospheric conditions in the tropics is greater than that in the extratropics , so initial atmospheric conditions play a very important role on short-term climate prediction, especially in China. In addition, the initial atmospheric conditions of smoothing 5-day NCEP-DOE reanalysis2 data were the best from most of meteorological variables in this study.
A Comparative Study on the Pollution and Speciation Characteristics of Heavy Metals between the Gold and Iron Mine Tailings of the Upstream Area of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing
Authors: Huang Xing Xing , Ji Hong Bing , Li Cai , Qin Fei , Li Qian , Liang Yong Li
Published: June 2012

In order to have a comparative investigation of the pollution and speciation characteristics of heavy metals between the gold and iron mine tailings of the upstream areas of Miyun Reservoir, the tailing samples from the typical gold and iron mines were analyzed. The total metal concentration is determined by acid digestion and the chemical fractionation of metal by the Tessier sequential extraction method. It is found that compared to background values of Beijing, the heavy metal in both gold and iron mine tailings is higher, while the heavy metal in gold mine tailings is higher than that of iron mine tailings, with Mn as an exception. Mercury is the most serious pollution element in gold mine tailings. Results of the sequential extraction suggest that the exchangeable of Cd exhibits the highest percentage of total metal in gold and iron mine tailings（15% and 6.5% of the total metal, respectively) among Cd, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr. In the majority of iron mine tailing samples collected, large amounts of Cu were mainly associated with the organic form. The percentage of the bioavailable metals in both gold and iron mine tailing samples follows the order: Cd>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr.
Studies of Filtering Effect on Internal Solitary Wave Flow Field Data in the South China Sea Using EMD
Authors: Zheng Yi , Yue Jun , Sun Xiao Feng , Chen Jian
Published: June 2012

Based on the scheme of Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD), different low pass filtering algorithms were derived from Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF), then the rules to select superior filtering algorithms were established by minimum noise energy principles and filtering flatness indicators. The superior filtering algorithms proved to be theoretically effective and reasonable. The study finally revealed the filtering algorithm without the first four IMFs was the best. Utilizing the internal waves flow field data observed in the South China Sea, the filtering effect on the waves’ velocity propagating eastward was analyzed. The results obtained using the superior filtering algorithms could depict internal solitary waves phenomenon more clearly as compared with other algorithms. It was proved that the results were practical, and filtering algorithms and effects were appropriate.
Determination of PAHs in River Water Using Bamboo Charcoal as a Solid-Phase Extraction Adsorbent by Synchronous Fluorescence Spectrometry
Authors: He Li Fang , Zhang Xia Hong , Zhang Ru Ping
Published: June 2012

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) using bamboo charcoal as absorbent coupled with constant wavelength synchronous fluorescence (CWSL) analytical method was developed for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental water samples. A new method for simultaneous determination for sixteen kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water was developed by constant wavelength synchronous fluorescence (CWSL) with bamboo charcoal solid phase extraction. The four main factors influencing on extraction efficiency, that is, type and volume of the elution solvent, sampling speed and volume were investigated. A solid-phase extraction with bamboo charcoal cartridges was carried out and the elution was performed with 15 mL of n-hexane. Sampling speed was 5 mL/min. Sampling volume was 500 mL. The linear response of this method was in the range of 0~1000ng/mL (r ≥ 0.9988), the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 0.017%~4.12% (n = 6). The detection limits were in the range of 0.052~12.37ng /mL. .By using this method, real samples were determined directly and good results were obtained with the recoveries of 78.87%-107.9%in water from the Longjin river estuary of the provincial control section. The results showed the method was cheap, simple, and could used as an excellent alternative for the routine analysis in environmental field.
Simultaneous Analysis of Cyromazine, Sulfonamides and Tetracyclines in Animal Wastewater and Soil Samples by Optimized LC-MS/MS
Authors: Wei Rui Cheng , Shao Ming Cheng , Chen Ming , Wang Ran
Published: June 2012

In order to predict the main species of veterinary drugs in the environment, cyromazine (CY), sulfonamides (SAs) and tetracyclines (TCs) were studied in animal wastewater and soil by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In the method, the reversed-phase column of C8 column, the HLB solid phase extraction column, the 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile-water solution mobile phase with gradient elution were used. The flow rate was 0.30 mL/min, the detection mode was multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with positive ion electro spray ionization and the injection volume was 10 μL. The quantification limit of the method (MQL) was 5ng/L for CY, 25ng/L for SAs, and 50 ng/L TCs in animal wastewater samples. In soil samples, MQL was 25µg/kg for CY, 40µg/kg for SAs, and 50µg/kg for TCs. The correlation coefficient was higher than 0.99. Recoveries of CY, SAs and TCs at fortified levels were higher than 61%, with relative standard deviation of 0.84%-6.49%.
Countermeasure and Research of Jingbo Lake Water Environment Rehabilitation
Authors: Pan Bao Yuan , Yang Guo Ting , Ma Yun , Ren Yi Bin
Published: June 2012

China is a country with a large lakes, with the development of social economy, the water pollution of lakes is more serious, lake’s eutrophication has become the major environmental problems of the China's lakes and reservoirs. This document explains through the investigation and evaluation environment to analyze the current situation and the pollution of Jingbo Lake, and puts forward countermeasures and pollution control environmental protection measures for management of Jingbo Lake, develop and provide technical reference of Jingbo Lake.
Recent and Future Climate Change in Xinjiang, NW China
Authors: Zhang Yan Wei , Wei Wen Shou , Jiang Feng Qing , Liu Ming Zhe
Published: June 2012

Climate changes seriously affect people's daily life, extreme climate events continue to occur throughout the world during 1961-2008. This research 1961-2008 by 51 meteorological stations in Xinjiang, the precipitation and temperature data, show that rising temperatures continue to increase 0.08 degrees Celsius per year and precipitation continues to increase for the 0.71 mm per year in Xinjiang. Climate models were used PRECIS to simulate how the regional climate might change during the present century. The climate of Xinjiang was found to be likely to be even more problematic in the years 2080s than it is at present.
The Research Progress and Enlightenment of Ecological Compensation Mechanism Based on Ecosystem Service Value
Authors: Xiong Guo Bao , Jiang Man
Published: June 2012

As one theory of ecological economics, the theory of ecosystem service gets wide attention and rapid development from the beginning, and to find a way out on how man and nature conduct a healthy and sustainable long-term development. While ecological compensation is an important mechanism to protect sustainable economic development and ecological environment reconstruction, and is a powerful tool to improve ecosystem service function. The two are closely related, and to develop in contradiction and unity with each other. This article is based on related research of ecosystem service function, summarizing the research on ecological compensation mechanism in China and abroad, and to propose the development enlightenment.
Degradation of Aqueous 3, 4-Dichloroaniline by Wire-Cylinder Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor
Authors: Feng Jing Wei , Shi Chao , Ding Fang Fang , Wang Wen Jing
Published: June 2012

Degradation of aqueous 3, 4-dichloroaniline (3, 4-DCA) by wire-cylinder dielectric barrier discharge reactor was carried out in the present paper. Generation of reactive species was analyzed, changes of aqueous ozone concentration and solution pH values were examined; meanwhile, the effect of input power and initial pH value on the degradation efficiency of 3, 4-DCA were investigated. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of 3, 4-DCA increased with increasing input power when the input power was increased from 70 W to 90 W, while it decreased with increasing input power when the input power was increased from 90 W to 110 W; and the same changing trend was observed in the change of aqueous ozone concentration. At alkaline conditions and acidic conditions, 3, 4-DCA degradation rate was significantly higher than that of neutrality conditions. In addition, there was a remarkable decline of the solution pH values during 3, 4-DCA degradation.
Optimization of the Bio-Desulfurization for Coupling with Biogas Purification
Authors: Song Zi Yu , Xing Jian Min
Published: June 2012

Anaerobic digestion process has been widely used for organic wastewater, and could produce biogas which would be one of important sustainable energy. The biogas always contains some toxic, corrosive and odor hydrogen sulfide, which must be removed before utilization. Bio-desulfurization is a novel method for the removal of hydrogen sulfide by sulfide oxidizing bacteria. This process contains hydrogen sulfide adsorption and sulfide oxidizing sections. Sulfide oxidizing section should be coupled with adsorption section. In this study, some important parameters of adsorption section were tested for the effect on the growth of sulfide oxidizing bacteria. How the sulfide oxidizing section efficiently coupled with adsorption section was discussed. Our results showed that the optimal adsorbent was 0.1 M NaHCO3/Na2CO3 buffer and pH 8.0. The content of S2- in the effluent of adsorption section was 20 mM. If countercurrent absorption process used, the bio-desulfurization process was suitable for the treatment of the biogas, whose content of hydrogen sulfide was above 15,000 ppm.
Toxicity of Pesticide on Neurotransmitter
Authors: Liu Lin
Published: June 2012

Pesticides not only play an important role in development of agricultural in China, but also bring much neurotoxicity on the safety of human by intervention compound, analyze and metabolize of neurotransmitter. Many pesticides have neurotransmitter toxicity, including inhibition of cholinesterase activity, increasing excitatory amino acid, decreasing the level of Dopamine. The paper made a brief overview on the toxicity of pesticides on neurotransmitter.
Extraction of Flavor Nucleotides for Soy Sauce from Beer Yeast Paste
Authors: Wang Yuan Xiu , Zhang Gui Xiang , Song Xiao Yan , Sun Na Xin , Li Yu Mei
Published: June 2012

In this study, flavor nucleotides were extracted from beer yeast paste as flavor enhancer for soy sauce. RNA was extracted by concentrated saline method with single factor experiments and L9(34) matrix experiments, and then hydrolyzed by 5’-phosphodiesterase which was obtained from malt rootlets to gain 5’-nucleotides as flavor enhancer. Results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows：12% yeast concentration, 100°C of extraction temperature, 10% of NaCl concentration and 4h of extraction time and the yield rate of RNA was 6.83%. The yield of 5’-nucleotide was 7.528mg/mL which was higher than other methods. When 5’-nucleotide was added to soy fermentation solution at the ratio of 2.5:1(v:v), taste of the new soy sauce products was much excellent.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils around Coal Mine Spoil Piles in Shiguai District of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, Northern China
Authors: Zhao Ren Xin , Guo Wei , Sun Wen Hui , Gao Wei Nan , Yang Xiao Ling , Ao Qi Er , Xue Zhen Wan
Published: June 2012

The concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe) were studied around coal mine spoil piles in Shiguai district of Baotou located in Inner Mongolia grassland and desert transition zone. Aim of the study is to control soil heavy metal pollution of coal mining area and provide the basic data information. The results indicated that concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn in the soil along the roadsides were higher than other sampling areas. The pollution characteristic and the elements of heavy metal contamination were corresponding with the concentrations of the different types of coal mine spoils. According to the single factor pollution index, soils from different regions were contaminated by Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe in varying degree. The pollution degree was in order: Cu > Cr > Fe > Zn > Ni > Mn. Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index indicated that soils from the roadsides had the most serious heavy metal contamination, the index was 3.11. The order of pollution level in different regions was: roadsides > flood land > farmland > woodland. The health and stabilization of environmental quality are being threatened by soil heavy metals.
Eutrophication Control Standard for Eastern Lake Region, China Basing on the Comprehensive Trophic Level Indexes Classification
Authors: Gao Yang Jun , Cao Yong , Zhao Zhen , Sun Cong Jun
Published: June 2012

Basing on water quality and aquatic ecological data of 142 lakes in eastern region of China, the article selected causal variable (TN, TP, CODMn) and response variable (Chl-a, SD), used Comprehensive Trophic Level Indexes (TLI) classification method and got the eutrophication control standards of five factors. The result showed that the eutrophication control standards were in excess of values of III water standard in GB3838-2002. The result could provide scientific conference for lake eutrophication control standard.
Experimental Study on the Pollutants Release Characteristics During Combustion of Lean Coal with Different Coal Rank
Authors: Wang Yong Zheng , Li Xiu Juan , Tian Su Le , Lu Chun Mei
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the characteristics of SO2 and NO release during combustion of lean coal with different coal rank were experimentally studied in the one-dimensional furnace for pulverized coal combustion. The results showed: The coal property and proportion of the component coals have great influence on the characteristics of SO2 and NO release. The releasing concentration of SO2 and NO distributing along the furnace height is generally between that of component coals, and the releasing characteristics of SO2 and NO would be more near to that of the larger proportion coal. The measuring value of the formation concentration of SO2 and NO are different from the calculating value based on the weighted means of the component coals to a certain extent. While the different coal are added to lean coal, the time corresponding with peak value releasing concentration of SO2 and NO is different.
Review of Physical and Chemical Properties of Perfluorooctanyl sulphonate (PFOS) with Respect to its Potential Contamination on the Environment
Authors: Zhang Sheng , N Lerner David
Published: June 2012

Perfluorinated surfactants have emerged as priority environmental contaminants due to their detection in environmental and biological matrices as well as concerns regarding their persistence and toxicity. They have been found in groundwater, particularly at sites used for training firefighters. They do not biodegrade easily in groundwater, and are not retarded during transport. The most common chemical is Perfluorooctanyl Sulphonate (PFOS), which is mainly used in aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) to extinguish hydrocarbon-fuel fires. It is also used in many herbicide and insecticide formulations, cosmetics, greases and lubricants, paints, polishes, and adhesives. PFOS and related fluoro-organic chemicals have been used since the 1950s. A quantity of fluorosurfactants and related products are still in use all over the world. Intensive studies over the last few years discovered that PFOS and certain by-products were both ubiquitous in the environment and highly persistent. PFOS does not biodegrade in the environment and very limited degradation has been observed in wastewater treatment. The breakthrough curves of a single-well push-pull test indicated that there was no retardation for PFOS as well. It was detected in part-per-billion levels in blood samples obtained from blood banks in the United States, Japan, Europe, and China. There have been more and more reports on the accumulation and effect of PFOS in wild animals’ liver, serum and muscle as well. This suggests that PFOS can bioaccumulate to higher levels of the food chain.
Adsorption Characteristics of Methylene Blue on Activated Carbon from Rice Husk Ash by Chemical-Thermal Process
Authors: Zhang Jin Hua , Xiao Kai Ming , Huang Fei Fei
Published: June 2012

The production of functional activated carbon (AC) prepared from cheap agricultural biomass combustion residue rice husk ash (RHA) has been utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue from an aqueous solution was examined in this study. The RHA was subjected to a chemical pretreatment by ZnCl2, followed by carbonization in a muffle. The experimental data were analyzed by the Freundlich models of adsorption. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich model. The rates of adsorption were found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetics with good correlation.
Optimal Periodic Harvesting Strategy for the General Autonomous System of Single Specie
Authors: He Zai Le , Zhao Xiang Qing , Lu Hai Ling
Published: June 2012

We study a optimal control problem-optimal periodic harvesting strategy for the general autonomous system of single specie. Suppose the growth rate function f(x) is C^2, x* satisfies f'(x*)=0. We proved that if f"(x*)<0，then x* is the optimal trajectory, otherwise, x* is not the optimal trajectory.
Comparative Study of Conventional and Combined Process (Immobilized Microorganisms Pretreatment - Ultrafiltration) for Surface Water Treatment
Authors: Jin Yong Wei , Dong Ya Mei , Zhang Zhen Jia
Published: June 2012

Abstract. The research investigated the performance of two different surface water treatment methods: conventional and combined process (immobilized microorganisms pretreatment - ultrafiltration).The two sytems were carried out in a water supply plant in Guangzhou city, south China. In order to remove ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) efficiently, fluidized biofilm process with entrapped microorganisms pellets was applied to the combined process. NH4+-N concentration in the produced water was less than 0.5mg/l at the overall combined process. CODMn, UV254 and turbidity removals of 34.2%, 32.7% and 99.8% were also achieved in combined process and better than the traditional process. The results showed that the combined process was highly competitive in comparison to conventional treatment for surface water.
Fenton-Like Oxidation of Refractory Chemical Wastewater Using Pyrite
Authors: Feng Yong , Wu De Li , Duan Dong , Lu Ming Ma
Published: June 2012

Fenton-like reaction technologies are attracting considerable attention due to the high oxidizing ability, especially in the treatment of refractory chemical contaminants. However, some disadvantages in traditional Fenton reagents limited its wide application. In this study, pyrite, a natural iron bearing mineral, was used as a new kind of Fenton-like catalyst in the treatment of textile wastewater. The catalytic activity of pyrite and the parameters influencing the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), such as pyrite dosage, H2O2 concentration, pH, and suspended solids (SS) had been systematically examined. Results showed that pyrite exhibited a high catalytic reactivity over a wide pH value range. At the optimal conditions, a COD removal rate of 70% and an increase in the mass ratio of BOD5/COD (B/C) from 0.25 to 0.56 were achieved in the presence of 9.7 mM H2O2 and 10 g/L pyrite at initial solution pH value of 9.0. And what’s more, a rapid decrease in solution pH and a high level of iron were observed when pyrite was added to the wastewater, probably due to the oxidative dissolution of pyrite. Consequently, Apart from the heterogeneous process, it was found that a homogeneous interaction between ferrous iron and H2O2 in a classical Haber-Weiss mechanism was also occurred. The wonderful reactivity of pyrite makes it be used as catalyst for the oxidative technology to treat the original wastewater without the need to pre-adjust the solution pH.
Influence of Fly Ash on Clay Liner
Authors: Sun Xue Jing , Zhao Yong Sheng , Sang Zhi Wei
Published: June 2012

Compacted clay is commonly used as an essential material for reducing the permeability in landfill sites. However, compacted clay has defect with shrinkage and desiccation cracking during cyclic drying and wetting, which may increase hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay. It’s necessary to modify clay, and make it have anti-cracking performance. The main objective of the study is to determine the content of fly ash on clay. Laboratory tests were done to determine optimum moisture content, hydraulic conductivity, volume shrinkage on different content fly ash modified clay. It was determined that a certain proportion of fly ash can improve the permeability of clay, and reduce the cracking clay.
Innovative Integrated Reactor System for Carbon, Sulfur and Nitrogen Removal Based on Biological Phase-Separation
Authors: Liu Chun Shuang , Wang Ai Jie , Zhao Chao Cheng
Published: June 2012

An innovative biological wastewater treatment system for the removal of organic carbon, sulfur and nitrogen was developed based on biological phase-separation principle. This system consists of three reactors integrated together i.e. sulfate reduction and organic matter removal (SR-CR), autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifying sulfide removal (A&H-DSR) and nitrification (AN) reactors. In this system, the operational parameters for successful bio-phase separation are sulfate and organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time (HRT), COD/SO42- ratio and pH for the SR-CR reactor, and sulfide and nitrate loading rate, HRT, pH, S 2- /NO3- ratio and COD/NO3- for the A&H-DSR reactor. The results from a laboratory scale system demonstrated that for the SR-CR reactor, the optimal operating conditions were HRT≥24 h; sulfate and organic loading rate ≤7.5 kg SO42- /m3•d and ≤10 kgCOD/m3•d; COD/SO42- ≥2; and pH ≥6.5. For A&H-DSR process, the optimal conditions are sulfide loading rate ≤6.0kg S 2- /m3•d; nitrate loading rate ≤3.5 kg NO3-/m3•d; S 2- /NO3-≥1; COD/NO3- ≥1.25:1; and pH≥7.5. Under such conditions, high sulfate, ammonia and organic matter removal of 99%, 90% and 99% were achieved, respectively. In this case, the elemental sulfur (S0) reclamation efficiency reached 6.0 kg S0/m3•d, around 20 times higher than the maximum level as referred in the literatures. DGGE profiling indicated that the predominant functional organisms of Clostridiaceae sp., Desulfomicrobium sp., Methanosaeta sp. dominated in the SR-CR reactor, and Sulfurovum sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Denitratisoma sp. in the A&H-DSR reactor. These species played essential role in metabolic functions in each bio-phase.
Nitrogen Removal Optimization in a Biofilm Reactor from Groundwater
Authors: Wu Chang Hang , Jin Yun Xiao
Published: June 2012

In the present study a lab-scale biofilm reactor was monitored for approximately 6 months to evaluate the use of ratios of carbon to nitrogen (C/N), pH and hydraulic retention time(HRT) levels as monitoring parameters in order to optimize nitrate removal from groundwater. The results indicated it was possible to operate the biofilm system at high denitrification rates and relatively low HRT of 8 hours.
The Real Option Model of Opportunity Cost in River Basin Ecological Compensation
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Ji Gan , Chen Yan Ping
Published: June 2012

One of the key issues of river basin ecological compensation is the compensation standard. The opportunity cost has the character of uncertainty. The character of opportunity cost in river basin ecological compensation standard was studied on base of economics theory. The current opportunity cost accounting method didn’t consider the uncertainty of opportunity cost. The real option model of opportunity cost in river basin ecological compensation was set up based on the binomial expression real-option model. The Xin 'an river basin was applied for the model and tested the feasibility of the real option model.
Performance of Lab-Scale Tidal Flow Constructed Wetlands Treating Livestock Wastewater
Authors: Li Chun Yan , Wu Shu Biao , Sun Feng , Lv Tao , Dong Ren Jie , Pang Chang Le
Published: June 2012

The body of knowledge on the performance of tidal flow constructed wetlands treating strong wastewaters like livestock wastewater is insufficient. Experiments on three laboratory-scale tidal flow constructed wetlands with different operational strategies were carried out to investigate the performance, regarding the removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in livestock wastewater. Results demonstrated that the removal of total organic carbon averaged about 70% under varying influent concentration. The findings demonstrated a change from 290 mg/L to 1500 mg/L in three wetlands with flood drain ratios of 1 h:3 h, 3 h:3 h, 6 h:6 h, respectively. There was no significant difference in TOC removal between the experimental phases with different organic load and flood drain ratio. The removal of ammonium was particularly impactful to the flood drain ratio with results that achieved 59% (flood drain ratio 1 h:3 h), 65% (3 h:3 h) and 71% (6 h:6 h), respectively. The presence of nitrate (180 mg/L) in the effluent indicated enhanced nitrification process in tidal wetland due to its high capacity of oxygen transfer. The removal of phosphorus was exhibited to be 35% which was mainly adsorbed to the matrix.
Photodegradation of Dimethyl Phthalate Induced by Photolysis of Fe(III)-Pyruvate Complex
Authors: Feng Xiang Hua , Ding Liang , Ding Shi Min
Published: June 2012

Photodegradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in aqueous solutions by Fe(III)-pyruvate complex system was preliminarily investigated. The influences such as light sources, initial pH value, initial concentration of Fe(III), pyruvate and DMP on photodegradation efficiency of DMP were discussed in detail. The result indicates that DMP could be decomposed efficiently in Fe(III)-pyruvate system. The degradation efficiency of DMP are dependent on initial pH value, Fe (III) initial concentration and pyruvate initial concentration. The optimum pH for photodegration of DMP is 3.0. The degradation efficiency of DMP increases with increase of the initial concentrations of Fe(III) or pyruvate, whereas decreases with increase of the initial concentrations of DMP. Various light sources including metal halide lamps, daylight lamps, UV disinfection lamps and sunlight can be adopted in the system.
Removal of Heavy Metal from Wastewater Using Zeolite from Fly Ash
Authors: Wu Chang Nian , Tang Yu Chao , Tang Li Hua
Published: June 2012

Coal fly ash (CFA) was modified by hydrothermal treatment using NaOH solutions for zeolite synthesis. The XRD patterns of zeolite and coal fly ash are presented. The synthesized zeolite was investigated for adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. It was shown that fly ash and the modified forms could effectively absorb heavy metals. The adsorption isotherm could be described by Freundlich isotherm equations. The pseudo second-order kinetics would be better for fitting the dynamic adsorption of Cu2+ and Cd2+.
Research on the Petri Net Modeling of Water Bloom Formation Process
Authors: Tang Li Na , Wang Xiao Yi , Liu Zai Wen , Xu Ji Ping , Wang Ling Bin
Published: June 2012

Based on deep search on the mechanism about evolution of water bloom, Petri net is utilized to construct the simulation model for evolutionary process of water bloom`s pattern. The formation of water bloom is considered in the key factors and different stage. Through test and simulation, the results verify that the petri net model can be realized, which describe the evolutionary process of water bloom`s pattern, so provides another effective approach about the evolution of water bloom.
Research on the Soil Water Characteristic Curve and Prediction of Compacted Bentonite
Authors: Yi Fa Cheng , Wang Zhe , Zhou Min Juan
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC)of Xinjiang Altay bentonite under different stress states, different initial dry density and different initial water content has been tested by dialysis method and vapor phase method, and the impact of the various factors on the water retention characteristics of Xinjiang Altay bentonite has been analyzed comprehensively. The mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test has been carried out on the soil sample, and then the SWCC is predicted by the Pore size distribution(PSD)curve which is got from the MIP test. Finally, the predicted SWCC is compared with the measured SWCC, and it shows that the predicted SWCC is close to the measured values, but there are deviations in the high suction.
Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Technology Evaluation Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process Method
Authors: Xia Xun Feng , Xi Bei Dou , Wang Ming Xin
Published: June 2012

In demonstration and promotion of treatment works for rural domestic sewage, the technical solutions should consider not only the treatment technology’s effectiveness, but also its economy and suitability for specific rural areas, that is, the advanced and applicable technology should be selected. In this paper, a rural domestic sewage technology evaluation system was established with the analytic hierarchy process as the assessment method to evaluate the alternative technology options and made decision. The indicators quantification and standardization and the weight determination were also promoted. Finally, a case study was conducted. The method can be used as decision support analysis tool in demonstration and promotion of treatment works for rural domestic sewage.
Study on Non-Static Collection Theory for Dust of Electrostatic Precipitator
Authors: Hao Wen Ge , Ren Xiao Zhen , Li Meng Cheng , Li Ru
Published: June 2012

In order to further improve the collection efficiency of ESP especially for high-resistivity dust and perfect electrostatic collection theory, how dust layer effects collection efficiency should be revealed more accurately. Taking dust layer as research object, the paper has theoretically analysed the charge distribution of dust layer based on basic principles of electrostatics and Ohm’s Law in order to deduce the formula of the amount of accumulated charge in dust layer. The formula of electric-field strength formed by accumulated charges in collection space was deduced according to the principle of constant voltage and the potential continuity principle of phase boundary. Then the formulas of calculating the effective collecting electric-field and the effective theory migration velocity of charged particles were obtained. The theoretical criterion of occurring back corona was proposed by theoretical analysis of distribution characteristics of electric-field strength in dust layer. Besides that, the elaboration of non-static electrostatic collection theory has enriched and developed the traditional electrostatic collection theory. The paper has player an important role in the design of structure and the selection of operating parameters of ESP, and in the direction to explore the new ways of improving collection efficiency of high-resistivity dust.
Study on Oil Refining Wastewater Treatment by Membrane Bioreactor with A/O Process
Authors: Li Guo De , Li Na , Wu Shi Wei
Published: June 2012

In this experimentation an A/O submerged membrane bioreactor was designed to study the treatment of oil-refining wastewater. The result show that the average effluent COD was below 18 mg/L, the removal rate of COD was over 97% and the removal rate was stable; the removal rate of NH4+-N was influenced by PH value, the average effluent NH4+-N was less than 0.97 mg/L and the average removal rate was over 98%; the average effluent oil was below 5mg/L and removal rate was over 96%; effluent phenol was less than 0.12mg/L and the removal rate was nearly 100%.
The Development and Applications of Microbubble Generators Especially for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: He Wei , Li Zhe Kun , Fan Yu Jin , Liang Yue , Scales Peter
Published: June 2012

Microbubble generators are the most important part for microbubble flotation technology, especially for water treatment. The paper introduced many types and functions of microbubble generators and their development Tendency. It found an efficient method for analyzing mechanical microbubble generators and summarized applications of microbubble generators. It will be useful for analyzing and applying microbubble generators.
The Field Application of Microbial Technology Used in Bioremediation of Urban Polluted River
Authors: Wu Xia , Xie Yue Bo
Published: June 2012

This paper studies on the field application of microbial technology used in bioremediation of urban polluted river. Xuxi River, a heavily polluted urban river, had been maken the treatment as the research object. In this treatment, Xuxi River was directly added indigenous microorganism agent and microbiological accelerating agent into the river water and sediment in the special inoculation way, without artificial aeration and sediment dredging. After this treatment， the removal rates of COD, TP and NH3-N are up to 43%、56% and 58%, DO increases to 2mg/L, the Nemerow index reduces to 2.2 from 6.4, and a lot of water earthworms and a school of fish reappear. The results indicate that this microbial technology can effectively alleviate the pollution, promote the water quality, and restore the river ecosystem.
Treatment of Domestic-Strength Wastewater Using a Horizontal Flow Biofilm Reactor System
Authors: Tang Yun Fei , Wang Rong Chang , Dai Shuang Lin , Zhao Jian Fu
Published: June 2012

The 45-days’ laboratory start-up study examined the performance of a novel horizontal flow biofilm reactor (HFBR) system in the treatment of a synthetic domestic-strength wastewater. In this study, the sheets were alternately offset to make sure the wastewater flowed horizontally along each sheet and vertically shifted down through the reactor. Biofilms developed on the sheets and purified the wastewater. In order to obtain the HRT while the flow rate changed, we calculated the ratiocination between the flow rate and the system HRT. The system was easy to construct and start, did not clog and could be used for biodegradable COD removal.
Comparative Analysis of the Measurement Methods of Bound Water Content in Municipal Sewage Sludge
Authors: Zhang Wei Jun , Sun Ke Chun
Published: June 2012

The dewatering of municipal sewage sludge is a current problem due to the huge production of this waste. The bound water content in sludge is closely related to the sludge dewatering performance. By comparative analysis of the measurement methods of the bound water content in sludge, this article points out their respective advantages and disadvantages, as well as the respects which should be noted in practice.
Detection to E. Coli O157 by Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor
Authors: Yao Hui , Zhang Xiao Hui , Yin Hong Zong
Published: June 2012

This work describes an approach for the development of two bacteria biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. The first biosensor was based on functionalized gold substrate and the second one on immobilized silver nanoparticles. For the first biosensor, the gold substrate was functionalized with acid–thiol using the self-assembled monolayer technique, while the second one was functionalized with silver nanoparticles immobilized on modified gold substrate. A polyclonal anti-Escherichia coli antibody was immobilized for specific (E. coli) bacteria detection. Detection limit with a good reproducibility of 104 and 103 cfu•mL−1 of E. coli bacteria has been obtained for the first biosensor and for the second one respectively.
Preparation of Fe/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst by Ultrasonic Infiltration and Catalytic Degradation of Formaldehyde Wastewater
Authors: Wu Dan , Zheng Xian Peng , Li Yan , Wei Qin
Published: June 2012

γ-Al2O3 was used as carrier and Fe/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were prepared by wet impregnation and ultrasonic infiltration method and characterized by specific surface area and pore distribution (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Specific surface area of Fe/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was 224.93m2/g from BET analysis. Active component of catalyst was attached on the surface of carrier from the characterization of SEM and EDS. The prepared catalyst was used for the catalytic degradation of formaldehyde wastewater. The results indicated that the efficiency of H2O2/Fe/γ-Al2O3 catalytic oxidation was better than Fe/γ-Al2O3 catalytic oxidation and H2O2chemical oxidation.
Intermediate Products Analysis of Phenol Degradation in Aqueous Solution Caused by Pulsed Discharge
Authors: Lan Sheng , Zhang Zhen Xing , Yuan Yong Bin , Samee Abdus
Published: June 2012

Abstract. In this paper we have presented the degradation of Phenol in aqueous solution which is caused by pulse discharge. The reaction products in the wastewater dissolved phenol under pulsed discharge were tested using GC-MS. Based on the experimental results intermediate products include 2,4hydroxyphnel, polyhydroxy phenethyl alcohol and so on. The final products are carbon dioxide and water. In addition, the theoretical analysis has been conducted These results will be helpful for further studying degradation mechanism of wastewater dissolved phenol under pulsed discharge, using either AC or DC voltage.