bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensory dependencies rapidly and autonomously yield generalizable representations in recurrent cortical-like networks
Authors: Rongala Udaya B. , Jörntell Henrik
Published: July 2024

How do biological brains become operational so quickly? Here we introduce a ‘neuromorphic’ learning strategy that mimics the strategies of animals in early development. It consists of continual random activations of the body, which is a mechanically coupled system with rich, dynamic intrinsic sensor dependencies. Using a dynamic model of biological skin tissue with distributed sensors, we trained small, recurrent networks designed to emulate a primordial cortex with excitatory and inhibitory neurons and simultaneous independent learning in both types of synapses. Continual random activations of the skin, without resetting the network state, led to rapid acquisition of remarkably generalizable representations with emergent predictive capability. The network could separate inputs and solve a kinematics task it had never encountered, even when substantial parts of the sensor population were removed. This strategy of learning the dominant regularities in dynamic sensory information can explain efficient learning of complex operation in the brain.
Clarifying misconceptions of biomolecular condensate formation
Authors: Hosamane Nidhi , Hartman McKayla , Dubach J. Matthew
Published: July 2024

Biomolecular condensates are liquid-like phase separations of disordered proteins and other molecules within cells. These membrane-less organelles are essential in critical cellular processes and are aberrant in myriad disease. Yet, the thermodynamics of condensate formation are not entirely understood, thus the mechanisms of condensate function remain elusive. Two assumptions about biomolecular condensates are that they form through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and require multivalent interactions. Here, we show results and propose thermodynamic frameworks that suggest these assumptions are not always correct. We demonstrate that condensation does not follow canonical LLPS and that liquid-like phase separation can arise from monovalent interactions. These results clarify the mechanism of condensate thermodynamics to reframe our understanding of condensates in cellular function and disease.
Dynamic regulation of H2A.Zub and H3K27me3 by ambient temperature in plant cell fate determination
Authors: Zhu Kehui , Zhao Long , Lu Fangfang , Lin Xuelei , He Chongsheng , Wagner Doris , Xiao Jun
Published: July 2024

Crucial to plant development, ambient temperature triggers intricate mechanisms enabling adaptive responses to temperature variations. The precise coordination of chromatin modifications in shaping cell fate under diverse temperatures remains elusive. Our study, integrating comprehensive transcriptome, epigenome profiling and genetics, unveils that lower ambient temperature (16°C) restores developmental defects caused by H3K27me3 loss in PRC2 mutants by specifically depositing H2A.Zub at ectopically expressed embryonic genes, such asABI3andLEC1. This deposition leads to re-silencing of these genes and compensates for H3K27me3 depletion. PRC1-mediated H2A.Zub and PRC2-catalyzed H3K27me3 play roles in silencing transcription of these embryonic genes for post-germination development. Low temperature decelerates H2A.Z turnover at specific loci likely by attenuating the interaction between TOE1 and H2A.Z chaperone, sustaining repression of embryonic genes and alleviating requirement for PRC2-H3K27me3 at post-germination stage. Our findings offer mechanistic insights into the cooperative epigenetic layers facilitating plants adaptation to varying environmental temperatures.
Clinical Relevance of Computationally Derived Tubular Features: Spatial Relationships and the Development of Tubulointerstitial Scarring in MCD/FSGS
Authors: Fan Fan , Liu Qian , Zee Jarcy , Ozeki Takaya , Demeke Dawit , Yang Yingbao , Farris Alton B. , Wang Bangcheng , Shah Manav , Jacobs Jackson , Mariani Laura , Lafata Kyle , Rubin Jeremy , Chen Yijiang , Holzman Lawrence , Hodgin Jeffrey B. , Madabhushi Anant , Barisoni Laura , Janowczyk Andrew
Published: July 2024

Background

Visual scoring of tubular damage has limitations in capturing the full spectrum of structural changes and prognostic potential. We investigate if computationally quantified tubular features can enhance prognostication and reveal spatial relationships with interstitial fibrosis.

Methods

Deep-learning and image-processing-based segmentations were employed in N=254/266 PAS-WSIs from the NEPTUNE/CureGN datasets (135/153 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and 119/113 minimal change disease) for: cortex, tubular lumen (TL), epithelium (TE), nuclei (TN), and basement membrane (TBM). N=104 pathomic features were extracted from these segmented tubular substructures and summarized at the patient level using summary statistics. The tubular features were quantified across the biopsy and in manually segmented regions of mature interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA), pre-IFTA and non-IFTA in the NEPTUNE dataset. Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance was used in the NEPTUNE dataset to select features most associated with disease progression and proteinuria remission. Ridge-penalized Cox models evaluated their predictive discrimination compared to clinical/demographic data and visual-assessment. Models were evaluated in the CureGN dataset.

Results

N=9 features were predictive of disease progression and/or proteinuria remission. Models with tubular features had high prognostic accuracy in both NEPTUNE and CureGN datasets and increased prognostic accuracy for both outcomes (5.6%-7.7% and 1.6%-4.6% increase for disease progression and proteinuria remission, respectively) compared to conventional parameters alone in the NEPTUNE dataset. TBM thickness/area and TE simplification progressively increased from non- to pre- and mature IFTA.

Conclusions

Previously under-recognized, quantifiable, and clinically relevant tubular features in the kidney parenchyma can enhance understanding of mechanisms of disease progression and risk stratification.
Reduced functional fungal communities in two species of sloths (Bradypus variegatusandCholoepus hoffmanni) suggest a link to slow digestion
Authors: Chaverri Priscila , Escudero-Leyva Efraín , Mora-Rojas Darling , Calvo-Obando Andrea , González Mariana , Escalante-Campos Esteban , Mesén-Porras Esteve , Wicki-Emmenegger Daniela , Rojas-Gätjens Diego , Avey-Arroyo Judith , Campos-Hernández Mariana , Castellón Erick , Moreira-Soto Andrés , Drexler Jan Felix , Chavarría Max
Published: July 2024

Sloths, with their ruminant-like digestive systems, possess the slowest digestion among mammals due to their low metabolic rate, minimal food intake, and extremely low-energy diet. However, no comprehensive studies have characterized the sloth’s gut microbiota, including fungi, and their role in digestion. This study hypothesized that effective plant fiber-degrading fungi (e.g., Neocallimastigomycota) would be scarce in the sloth’s gut. The aim was to describe the gut microbiota of three-toed (Bradypus variegatus) and two-toed (Choloepus hoffmanni) sloths to understand their link to slow digestion. Microbial composition and functionality were analyzed using shotgun metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, fungal metabarcoding (ITS 1 and 2 nrDNA), and cellulose degradation analysis. Microbial communities were dominated by bacteria (92–97%), followed by viruses (1–7%). Fungi accounted for only 0.06–0.5% of metagenomic reads and 0.1% of transcripts. Functional analysis revealed minimal CAZy abundance (1.7–1.9% in metagenomes, 0.2% in metatranscriptomes), with no fungal CAZys or glycoside hydrolases detected. Neocallimastigomycota had negligible abundance in metagenomic data and was absent in metatranscriptomic or ITS metabarcoding data.Bradypus variegatusshowed overall lower CAZy abundance and fungal presence compared toCholoepus hoffmanni. Lastly, cellulose degradation analyses revealed that only ∼5–35% of the intake was digested. This study highlights the unique microbial ecosystem in sloths’ guts, showing minimal presence of plant fiber-degrading anaerobic fungi and limited microbial CAZys, aligning with their slow digestion and low metabolic rate, thus enhancing our understanding of their digestive efficiency and metabolic adaptations.
Genetic basis of state-dependent courtship sounds in inbred mice
Authors: Na SaeYeon , Ryoo Jia , Ko Chang Bum , Park Seahyung , Kim Daesoo
Published: July 2024

Courtship behaviors consist of two phases, namely the appetitive and consummatory states. Despite the long history of the concept, few studies have been done regarding the genetic contribution on those two different phases. Male mice are known to produce distinct ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) as they progress through courtship states1-14, and these courtship sounds also show strain-specific differences15-18. Here, we delved into USV syllable patterns emitted during specific courtship actions using inbred mouse strains and their progeny: C57BL/6J (B6) mice, 129S4/SvJae (129) mice, and their second filial generation (F2) offspring of mixed genetic backgrounds. B6, 129, and F2 mice generated similar USV syllables during mounting behavior. In contrast, B6 and 129 mice showed different USV syllable patterns during body and anogenital sniffing behavior, and the USV syllable usage of F2 mice in this courtship state diverged according to the degree of genetic similarity with B6 or 129 mice. From these results, we propose that differential selection pressures19-20favored diversity in appetitive behavior but conservation in consummatory behaviors.
Hyper-Raman scattering from the LO modes of perovskite ferroelectric relaxors
Authors: Al-Zein A. , Hehlen B.
Published: July 2024

Hyper-Raman scattering is used to study the temperature dependence of the longitudinal optic (LO) modes of three prototypical ferroelectric relaxors in a broad temperature range from 20 to 800 K. The three LO bands observed in all spectra of the three materials are linked to the three transverse optic (TO) modes in cubic relaxors where LOi is linked to TOi, with i = 1 to 3. The Last, Slater, and Axe eigenvector pictures of the TO modes are consistent with our observations on LO1, LO2, and LO3, respectively. Within this framework, the splitting of LO2 would mostly be linked to a structural disorder on the site while the strength of an anomaly of LO1 near the freezing temperature Tf relies on the ability of the material to develop a long-range ordering. Moreover, the more pronounced the splitting, the more important the structural disorder and the lower the value of the dielectric constant.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Combining business process management and lean manufacturing to improve information and documentation flows: a case study
Authors: Calçado Rodrigo , Ávila Liliana , Rosa Maria J.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The objective of this work is to demonstrate how the use of a business process management (BPM) methodology reinforced with the use of lean manufacturing (LM) tools and practices enhances information and documentation flows.

Design/methodology/approach

For this purpose, a case study on a large wind blade manufacturing company is described, in which BPM and LM were combined to improve information and documentation flows associated to the process of quality inspections and quality controls.

Findings

The joint use of BPM and LM strongly contributed to the improvement of information and documentation flows. The BPM lifecycle can be used to guide the entire improvement process, while LM tools can be used to act at specific points with an emphasis in the process analysis and implementation phases. Thus, LM complements a BPM approach leading to significant process improvements.

Practical implications

The results show that LM can be used to support some phases of the BPM lifecycle. Furthermore, LM can contribute to identify lean waste in information and documentation flows associated to quality management processes and help in the selection of methods and tools to support process improvements.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first reporting the use of LM tools and practices as complementary to the BPM methodology to support the improvement of information and documentation flows associated to quality management in a large manufacturing company. This research enriches the literature by presenting empirical evidence that these two continuous improvement approaches are not incompatible in their objectives and visions and can complement each other.
The holding pattern of the worker Bs: how bifurcation of consciousness impacts female academic career progression
Authors: Sharafizad Fleur , Brown Kerry , Jogulu Uma , Omari Maryam , Gander Michelle
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper examines an identified but unexplored career gap evidenced at a mid-level classification in the academic career path for women in Australia. This career-stalling effect or holding pattern, is examined to determine underlying causes of career trajectory interruption.

Design/methodology/approach

Guided by the epistemological stance of standpoint theory, this exploratory abductive study employs a novel arts-based method, draw, write, reflect, to access experiences that may be difficult to convey verbally. The obtained drawings and reflections were thematically analysed.

Findings

Drawing on Bourdieu’s concept of illusio this article finds support for female academics’ bifurcated consciousness. Results demonstrate how opposing social role prescriptions result in the deliberate avoidance of work-life conflict, a nuanced lack of confidence in work tasks in combination with other, often competing responsibilities, and the uneven distribution of administrative duties known as “academic housework”, which combine to stall careers. Female academics feel pressure to prioritise their domestic role and eschew career progression.

Research limitations/implications

Despite the small sample size, the findings provide rich career narratives and experiences of female academics in Australia providing additional impetus for increased gender equity efforts.

Originality/value

This study is the first to explore the previously unidentified holding pattern for female academics in Australia. Findings suggest there is a range of previously unexplored impediments resulting in a gendered stalling at a mid-level classification interrupting female academic career progression.
The potential of lesson study in enhancing secondary school mathematics teachers’ pedagogical practices in lesson planning: evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Dibaba Temesgen Yadeta , Lemma Abbi , Faith Maina , Hunde Adula Bekele
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The main purpose of this study was to explore how engaging in lesson study enhances secondary school mathematics teachers’ pedagogical practice in lesson planning in Jimma, Ethiopia.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a design-based research approach with qualitative and quantitative data collected from two secondary schools, and 12 mathematics teachers. A purposive sampling technique was used to select participants. Interviews, observations, questionnaires and document analysis were the main sources of data. Qualitative data were analyzed using themes with the support of Atlas-ti qualitative data analysis software. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon ranked signs test.

Findings

The findings revealed that engaging secondary school mathematics teachers in lesson study enhanced their lesson planning competence. As a result, teachers began to carefully plan detailed lessons, use curriculum materials and create more student-oriented lessons. Lesson study was found to be a potent model on which to build secondary school mathematics teachers’ lesson planning competence. Hence, it would be rewarding to integrate lesson study into the present school-based teachers’ pedagogical capacity-building program in the study settings.

Research limitations/implications

The data were collected from particular localities with a small sample size in the quantitative phase. Therefore, it is difficult to generalize to the entire secondary school teachers in the country. However, thick descriptions were provided that would allow readers to determine the transferability of the findings to their specific school context. Future research should investigate the effects that enhanced TPP in lesson planning has on teachers’ mathematics teaching in more schools using a larger sample size.

Practical implications

This study provides insight into and empirical evidence of how engaging in the process of LS is essential to enhance teachers’ lesson planning competence. It adds important knowledge to a small but growing model of lesson study research. It also informs future researchers in the practical use of LS where lesson planning is a crucial concern in many secondary schools of the country.

Originality/value

This research was originally conducted to build mathematics teachers' pedagogical practice in lesson planning through lesson study in Ethiopian secondary school contexts.
Social media use among neurodivergent college students: benefits, harms and implications for education
Authors: Akhmedova Aisel , Sutcliffe Jennifer , Greenhow Christine , Fisher Marisa H. , Sung Connie
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Social media have been associated with social benefits and enhanced psychological well-being among non-disabled individuals; the purpose of this study is to examine whether social media may have similar benefits for young neurodivergent adults with autism, anxiety, or attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder who may experience communication differences. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this first-of-its kind study explores the nature of social media use and related psychological well-being among neurodivergent college undergraduates.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative study is part of a larger effort. The authors surveyed undergraduates with and without disabilities at U.S. higher education institutions on their social media use and psychological well-being. A total of 131 students responded, including 24 neurodivergent individuals, the results of which are reported elsewhere. Participants were 18–25 years old, of varied genders and racial/ethnic backgrounds; for neurodivergent adults, questions focused on social challenges. From the survey, a sample of five neurodivergent individuals was drawn for this small-scale, exploratory interview study.

Findings

This paper reports descriptive statistics from survey results to contextualize analysis of students’ social media use (e.g. purposes, practices, benefits and harms). Students used mainly Instagram, TikTok and YouTube to promote well-being primarily through engaging positive relationships and positive emotions. Students reported several benefits of using social media to develop their disability identity and few harms.

Originality/value

Understanding the impact of social media use on undergraduates with disabilities could help us not only improve services as teachers, counselors and other helping professionals who support young adults to leverage their everyday technologies-in-use but also address digital equity issues.
What influences consumer AI chatbot use intention? An application of the extended technology acceptance model
Authors: Liu Manzhi , Yang Yaxin , Ren Yue , Jia Yangzhou , Ma Haoyu , Luo Jie , Fang Shuting , Qi Mengxuan , Zhang Linlin
Published: July 2024

Purpose

As information technology advances, the prevalence of AI chatbot products is on the rise. Despite optimistic market projections, consumer skepticism towards these agents persists. This paper aims to expand the scope of the technology acceptance model by integrating the aspect of appearance. It examines the influence of different attributes of AI chatbot, such as usefulness, ease of use and appearance, individually and in combination, on consumers' intentions to share and purchase.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an exploratory study of Web Texts, a 2 (usefulness: high vs low) × 2 (ease of use: high vs low) mixed design and a 2 (usefulness: high vs low) × 2 (ease of use: high vs low) × 2 (anthropomorphism appearance: humanoid vs cartoon) for between-subjects designs and the price level (high vs low) for within-subjects designs. The hypotheses were tested by Octoparse and SPSS 22.0.

Findings

The research highlights the significant role of usefulness, ease of use and anthropomorphic appearance in shaping consumer attitudes towards AI chatbots, thus influencing their intentions to share information and make purchases. Grouped regression analysis reveals that lower prices exert a more pronounced positive influence on consumers' inclinations to both share and purchase, compared to higher prices. Moreover, novelty-seeking behavior moderates the effect of perceived usefulness or ease of use on attitude. Specifically, heightened novelty-seeking tendencies mitigate the impact of low perceived usefulness or ease of use, leading to sustained positive attitudes towards AI chatbots among consumers.

Originality/value

This study innovatively incorporates product appearance into the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), considering both the functional attributes and appearance of AI chatbot and their impact on consumers. It offers valuable insights for marketing strategies, extends the scope of TAM application and holds significant practical implications for enhancing enterprise product planning.
Can digital technology promote the equalization of regional basic public services?
Authors: Han Chaoliang , Sun Xu , Liu Mingyu
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of digital technology on promoting the equalization of basic regional public services based on measuring the level of digital technology and the equalization level of regional basic public services.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the inter-provincial panel data from 2013 to 2021, this article utilizes the method of replacing digital technology to verify the robustness of the conclusion, evaluating the impact of digital technology on promoting the equalization of basic regional public services, while carrying out an extended analysis of government intervention, population density and regional heterogeneity.

Findings

According to our findings, digital technology has significantly promoted the equalization of basic public services in the region. According to the result of the heterogeneity test, digital technology has a better effect on promoting the equalization of public services in regions with moderate government intervention and relatively low population density. Moreover, the development of digital technology can significantly promote the equalization of public services in China’s eastern region.

Originality/value

This article elaborates on the impact of digital technology on the equalization of basic regional public services from three perspectives: reducing the cost of public services, increasing the degree of marketization of public services and realizing the sharing of public service resources. Thus, it enriches the empirical research literature on digital technology and the equalization of regional public services.
Adopting adalimumab combined surgery in the management of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa: Experience from a single medical center in southern Taiwan
Authors: Lai Po‐Ta , Tseng Han‐Chi
Published: July 2024

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the intertriginous and anogenital regions. Guidelines recommend various treatments for HS, including biologic agents like adalimumab for moderate to severe cases. Adalimumab is a type of human monoclonal IgG1 antibody designed to target tumor necrosis factor α. Recent studies have shown the effectiveness of adalimumab, either alone or combined with surgery, in managing HS. We retrospectively analyzed the medical chart of HS patients in a southern Taiwan medical center from 2019 to 2022 and investigated clinical features and treatment response. The institutional review board at Chang Gung Medical Foundation granted approval for the study. We primarily focused on moderate to severely affected patients. One hundred and two clinically diagnosed HS patients participated, with a male‐to‐female ratio of 2:1 and an average age of 31.8 at diagnosis. Among them, 41.2% were in Hurley stage III and 32.4% in stage II. Nineteen patients received excision with pre‐surgical adalimumab; their average age at diagnosis was 31.1, with a gender ratio of 5.3:1. Surgery was most common on the buttocks (68%), axillae (21%), and groin (10%). Excision patients were primarily in advanced stages (Hurley III 94.7%, II 5.3%) with high body mass index. Adalimumab and surgery combined yielded a 68.4% improvement rate, while 15.8% remained stable and 15.8% did not respond as expected. In addition, smoking and obesity were prevalent among patients. Adalimumab showed promising results in moderate to severe HS, with significant improvement observed in our cases. The combination of adalimumab and surgery appeared effective in advanced HS patients with larger involved areas and more tunnels. No severe adverse events were reported. However, our study was limited by its retrospective nature and the lack of a control group. Despite these limitations, our study revealed the benefits of integrating adalimumab with suitable surgical procedures in managing patients experiencing moderate to severe HS in real‐world scenarios.
Construction and analysis of regional financial stability index in China: Regional system status, difference measure and spatio‐temporal variation
Authors: Wang Jinsong , Wu Wenhui
Published: July 2024

In the course of its steady development, China's financial landscape confronts an array of risks and challenges. Against the backdrop of China's sustained commitment to regional coordinated development strategies, the imperative of achieving coordinated financial stability across regions becomes paramount for fostering macro‐financial stability. This study addresses this imperative by formulating a regional financial stability index grounded in the provincial financial stability index. The ensuing analyses encompass the delineation of regional financial stability status, the quantification of disparities, and the scrutiny of temporal and spatial dynamics. Our findings reveal a relatively high level of regional financial stability in China, with a modest overall variance between national and regional financial stability. Notably, the financial stability of the eastern region assumes a pivotal role in influencing the nationwide financial stability landscape. The regional financial stability index demonstrates dynamic evolutionary features characterised by temporal fluctuations and discernible spatial differentiation patterns. Drawing upon these insights, the article proffers a set of targeted policy recommendations, with practical implications for fortifying macro‐financial stability not only in China but also in other nations.
Small‐volume blood sample collection tubes in adult intensive care units: A rapid practice guideline
Authors: Callum Jeannie , Putowski Zbignew , Alhazzani Waleed , Belley‐Cote Emilie , Møller Morten Hylander , Curry Nicola , Al Duhailib Zainab , Fung Mark , Giocobbo Louise , Granholm Anders , Louw Vernon , Maybohm Patrick , Muller Marcella , Nielsen Nathan , Oleschuk Curtis , Raza Sheharyar , Scruth Elizabeth , Siegal Deborah , Stanworth Simon J. , Vlaar Alexander P. J. , White Micheline , Oczkowski Simon
Published: July 2024

Background

This Intensive Care Medicine Rapid Practice Guideline (ICM‐RPG) provides an evidence‐based recommendation to address the question: in adult patients in intensive care units (ICUs), should we use small‐volume or conventional blood collection tubes?

Methods

We included 23 panelists in 8 countries and assessed and managed financial and intellectual conflicts of interest. Methodological support was provided by the Guidelines in Intensive Care, Development, and Evaluation (GUIDE) group. We conducted a systematic review, including evidence from observational and randomized studies. Using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, we evaluated the certainty of evidence and developed recommendations using the Evidence‐to‐Decision framework.

Results

We identified 8 studies (1 cluster and 2 patient‐level randomized trials; 5 observational studies) comparing small‐volume to conventional tubes. We had high certainty evidence that small‐volume tubes reduce daily and cumulative blood sampling volume; and moderate certainty evidence that they reduce the risk of transfusion and mean number of red blood cell units transfused, but these estimates were limited by imprecision. We had high certainty that small‐volume tubes have a similar rate of specimens with insufficient quantity. The panel considered that the desirable effects of small‐volume tubes outweigh the undesirable effects, are less wasteful of resources, and are feasible, as demonstrated by successful implementation across multiple countries, although there are upfront implementation costs to validate small‐volume tubes on laboratory instrumentation.

Conclusion

This ICM‐RPG panel made a strong recommendation for the use of small‐volume sample collection tubes in adult ICUs based on overall moderate certainty evidence.
Innovation stakeholders: Developing a sustainable paradigm to integrate intellectual property and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Orozco David
Published: July 2024

Innovation is usually framed in terms of expanding the knowledge frontier or the commercialization of new ideas. However, it is much more than that. Innovation is also about providing greater well‐being for society and the various stakeholders that support a firm's efforts to innovate. This article examines the paradoxical status of innovation and its related legal domain of intellectual property rights, which largely exists beyond the purview of corporate social responsibility (CSR) theory, practice, and discourse. To address this conceptual deficiency, this article interlinks intellectual property, innovation, and CSR to offer three contributions. First, this article provides a working definition of the various stakeholders that must be identified to define CSR goals related to innovation. A critical aspect of CSR is the identification of relevant stakeholders. Second, this article discusses how established CSR approaches will accommodate these innovation stakeholders. Third, this article introduces and positions the managerial strategy of open innovation as a feasible and desirable approach that ethically recognizes, engages, and balances the interests of innovation stakeholders with the interests held by the firm and society. The normative argument made is that the firm's fiduciary leaders have an ethical obligation to pursue open innovation practices as a default norm to achieve the best CSR results for the firm and its various innovation stakeholders.
A cross‐dataset study on automatic detection of autism spectrum disorder from text data
Authors: Wawer Aleksander , Chojnicka Izabela , Sarzyńska‐Wawer Justyna , Krawczyk Małgorzata
Published: July 2024

Objective

The goals of this article are as follows. First, to investigate the possibility of detecting autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from text data using the latest generation of machine learning tools. Second, to compare model performance on two datasets of transcribed statements, collected using two different diagnostic tools. Third, to investigate the feasibility of knowledge transfer between models trained on both datasets and check if data augmentation can help alleviate the problem of a small number of observations.

Method

We explore two techniques to detect ASD. The first one is based on fine‐tuning HerBERT, a BERT‐based, monolingual deep transformer neural network. The second one uses the newest, multipurpose text embeddings from OpenAI and a classifier. We apply the methods to two separate datasets of transcribed statements, collected using two different diagnostic tools: thought, language, and communication (TLC) and autism diagnosis observation schedule‐2 (ADOS‐2). We conducted several cross‐dataset experiments in both a zero‐shot setting and a setting where models are pretrained on one dataset and then training continues on another to test the possibility of knowledge transfer.

Results

Unlike previous studies, the models we tested obtained average results on ADOS‐2 data but reached very good performance of the models in TLC. We did not observe any benefits from knowledge transfer between datasets. We observed relatively poor performance of models trained on augmented data and hypothesize that data augmentation by back translation obfuscates autism‐specific signals.

Conclusion

The quality of machine learning models that detect ASD from text data is improving, but model results are dependent on the type of input data or diagnostic tool.
To translocate or not to translocate? Embedding population modelling in an inclusive structured decision‐making process to overcome a conservation impasse
Authors: Parlato E. H. , Fischer J. H. , Steeves T. E. , Graydon K. , Kennedy E. , Makan T. , Patterson E. , Thurley T. , Welch J. , Parker K. A.
Published: July 2024

The need for effective conservation strategies to combat the ongoing biodiversity crisis is well recognised. Conservation translocations are an important and frequently used form of conservation management for species recovery. Despite this, the uncertainty prevalent throughout the translocation cycle often makes it challenging to determine whether translocations should be included in the suite of actions to achieve desired conservation outcomes. Further, the fundamental question of whether translocations should occur is seldom assessed as a formal decision. We applied a formal decision analysis for the conservation management of a highly threatened bird (karure | kakaruia | Chatham Island black robin | Petroica traversi) to evaluate whether translocation and/or other actions should be implemented for species recovery. The species' precarious status (<330 adults), combined with uncertainty about translocation outcomes, meant that for years, decision‐makers were reluctant to act given the potentially severe consequences of translocation failure. We used structured decision‐making in conjunction with population modelling to estimate the consequences of translocations and other actions across a range of objectives identified by Moriori and Ngāti Mutunga o Wharekauri (Indigenous Peoples of Rēkohu | Wharekauri | the Chatham Islands), the local community and government agencies. Structured decision‐making facilitated an inclusive approach that ensured all participants were actively engaged in the decision‐making process including the identification of the best management alternative while balancing multiple objectives. This process overcame the long‐standing conservation impasse, resulting in rapid implementation of actions, including translocation, that would have otherwise been difficult to achieve. The preferred alternative across objectives involved multiple translocations, illustrating the vital role translocations have in the desired future management for the species. The methods used in our study can be readily applied in other species recovery programmes to help decision‐makers navigate the complexities and uncertainties inherent in conservation decisions.
Granulocytes and mast cells in AllergoOncology—Bridging allergy to cancer: An EAACI position paper
Authors: Pascal Mariona , Bax Heather J. , Bergmann Christoph , Bianchini Rodolfo , Castells Mariana , Chauhan Jitesh , De las Vecillas Leticia , Hartmann Karin , Álvarez Elena Izquierdo , Jappe Uta , Jimenez‐Rodriguez Teodorikez‐Wilfox , Knol Edward , Levi‐Schaffer Francesca , Mayorga Cristobalina , Poli Aurélie , Redegeld Frank , Santos Alexandra F. , Jensen‐Jarolim Erika , Karagiannis Sophia N.
Published: July 2024

Derived from the myeloid lineage, granulocytes, including basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils, along with mast cells, play important, often disparate, roles across the allergic disease spectrum. While these cells and their mediators are commonly associated with allergic inflammation, they also exhibit several functions either promoting or restricting tumor growth. In this Position Paper we discuss common granulocyte and mast cell features relating to immunomodulatory functions in allergy and in cancer. We highlight key mechanisms which may inform cancer treatment and propose pertinent areas for future research. We suggest areas where understanding the communication between granulocytes, mast cells, and the tumor microenvironment, will be crucial for identifying immune mechanisms that may be harnessed to counteract tumor development. For example, a comprehensive understanding of allergic and immune factors driving distinct neutrophil states and those mechanisms that link mast cells with immunotherapy resistance, might enable targeted manipulation of specific subpopulations, leading to precision immunotherapy in cancer. We recommend specific areas of investigation in AllergoOncology and knowledge exchange across disease contexts to uncover pertinent reciprocal functions in allergy and cancer and allow therapeutic manipulation of these powerful cell populations. These will help address the unmet needs in stratifying and managing patients with allergic diseases and cancer.
Neurolipid systems: A new target for the treatment of dementia
Authors: Pereira‐Castelo Gorka , Bengoetxea de Tena Iker , Martínez‐Gardeazabal Jonatan , Moreno‐Rodríguez Marta , de San Román Estibaliz González , Manuel Iván , Rodríguez‐Puertas Rafael
Published: July 2024

Neurolipids comprise a diverse class of bioactive lipids that include molecules capable of activating G protein‐coupled receptors, thereby inducing systemic effects that contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis. Dementia, a non‐specific brain disorder characterized by a common set of signs and symptoms, usually arises subsequent to brain injuries or diseases and is often associated with the aging process. Individuals affected by dementia suffer from the disruption of several neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory systems, among which neurolipids play an important role, including the endocannabinoid, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1‐phosphate systems. In this review, we present an overview of the most recent and pertinent findings regarding the involvement of these neurolipidic systems in dementia, including data from a wide range of both in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as clinical trials.
Improving disease‐specific survival for patients with Sezary syndrome in the modern era of systemic therapies
Authors: Campbell Belinda A. , Dobos Gabor , Haider Zahra , Bagot Martine , Evison Felicity , van der Weyden Carrie , McCormack Chris , Ram‐Wolff Caroline , Miladi Maryam , Prince H. Miles , Scarisbrick Julia J.
Published: July 2024

Traditionally, Sezary syndrome (SS) has been associated with few therapeutic options and poor prognosis, with 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) less than one‐third in historical cohorts. However, newer therapies and combinations are associated with impressive time‐to‐next‐treatment (TTNT), particularly allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation (AlloSCT) and combination therapies notably those including extracorporeal photopheresis. In this multicentre, international study, we explored the prognostic outcomes of 178 patients exclusively managed for SS, diagnosed between 2012 and 2020, and treated in the modern therapeutic era. In this cohort, 58 different therapies were delivered, with 13.5% of patients receiving AlloSCT. Long‐term survival exceeded historical reports with 5‐year DSS and OS of 56.4% and 53.4% respectively. In those receiving AlloSCT, prognosis was excellent: 5‐year DSS and OS were 90.5% and 78.0% respectively. Confirming the results from the Cutaneous Lymphoma International Consortium (CLIC), LDH and LCT had significant prognostic impact. Unlike earlier studies, stage did not have prognostic impact; we speculate that greater relative benefit favours patients with extensive lymphomatous nodal disease (Stage IVA2) compared to historical reports. For patients ineligible for AlloSCT, the prognosis remains relatively poor (5‐year DSS 51.4% and OS 49.6%), representing ongoing unmet needs for more effective novel agents and investigation of improved therapeutic combinations.
A simple model of flexible working time arrangements
Authors: Szczygielski Krzysztof
Published: July 2024

We offer a simple formalization of different types of flexible working time arrangements. Specifically, we study the distinction between employee‐oriented flexibility and employer‐oriented flexibility. The formal framework we offer can be useful in formulating hypotheses for the growing body of empirical work in the area.
MW‐19, a dihydropyrazole derivative, induces human triple‐negative breast cancer cell apoptosis by targeting apoptosis‐related pathways
Authors: Zou Nanting , Wu Runfang , Wu Zhao , Zhang Chunfei , Zhang Haohong , Mo Qingyan , Ju Mingqian , Shi Xinan , Mao Zewei , Wan Chunping
Published: July 2024

Previous studies have indicated that heterocyclic substituted dihydropyrazole derivatives, particularly MW‐19, potentially exert anticancer activity in vitro; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanisms underlying MW‐19 activity in triple‐negative breast cancer cells. A sulforhodamine B assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation inhibition rates, and the antitumor effect of MW‐19 was evaluated in mice with HCC‐1806 xenografts. Apoptosis was analyzed by Hoechst 33342 and annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Expression of pro‐ and antiapoptotic proteins and mRNA were analyzed by western blotting and reverse transcription‐quantitative (RT‐q) PCR, respectively. We found that MW‐19 significantly inhibited HCC‐1806 cell proliferation in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, and significantly inhibited MDA‐MB‐231 cell migration. Importantly, oral administration of MW‐19 significantly inhibited HCC‐1806 tumor growth in BALB/c‐nu/nu mice. Moreover, MW‐19 treatment induced marked apoptosis and G2/M arrest in the sensitive cell line, HCC‐1806. RT‐qPCR analysis showed that levels of proapoptotic genes (Bax, caspase‐3, caspase‐7, and Fas) were considerably increased in the MW‐19 group relative to the control group, while those of antiapoptotic factors (Bcl‐2, C‐MYC) were dramatically decreased. Consistently, Bax, caspase‐3, and caspase‐7 were significantly induced after MW‐19 treatment, while levels of phosphorylated (p‐)AKT, p‐PI3K, p‐ERK, and the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl‐2, were clearly diminished, and the P38 MAPK signaling pathway was activated. Furthermore, P38 pharmacological inhibitors abrogated MW‐19‐induced apoptosis. Together, our findings indicate that MW‐19 exerts antitumor effects by targeting PI3K/AKT and ERK/P38 signaling pathways.
Effects of depression and stress on oral self‐care among perinatal women in Appalachia: A longitudinal study
Authors: An Jeongwi , Lilly Christa , Shaffer John R. , Foxman Betsy , Marazita Mary L. , McNeil Daniel W.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Oral health during the perinatal period and beyond affects the health and well‐being of women and their offspring. Oral self‐care behaviours can maintain or improve oral health; depression or stress during the perinatal period may compromise these behaviours. The aim of the study was to investigate the independent and combined effects of depression and stress on oral self‐care behaviours of perinatal women in Appalachia, given the high burden of oral disease in this region.

Methods

A total of 1172 women in the first or second trimester of pregnancy were enrolled in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, cohort 2 (COHRA2) in West Virginia or Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale‐10, and self‐report items about oral self‐care behaviours (i.e. toothbrushing and flossing) during pregnancy and five times in the 2+ years following birth. A Generalized Estimating Equation approach was used to analyse the longitudinal data.

Results

Maternal depression and stress were independently negatively related to toothbrushing and flossing frequency. These findings for toothbrushing were more pronounced in those with high levels of depression and high levels of stress, so there were both independent and combined effects. Frequency of toothbrushing and flossing stayed constant over time, so time was not associated with outcomes. About three‐fourths of the sample reported toothbrushing levels that are consistent with established guidelines (i.e. two times daily), but almost half of the participants had very low levels of flossing (i.e. once or less a week).

Conclusion

Interventions targeting stress and depression throughout the perinatal period might be helpful in improving oral self‐care behaviours and oral health among women in Appalachia, in addition to the benefit of decreasing emotional distress.
Census tract geospatial analysis comparing social determinants of health with tooth loss in California seniors: An ecologic study
Authors: Chong Gabriel Tse Feng , Gansky Stuart A.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Individual‐level social determinant of health (SDOH) measures alone may insufficiently explain disparities in edentulism among seniors. Therefore, the authors examined the correlation of census tract‐level SDOH and residential racial segregation measures with edentulism in Californian adults aged ≥65 years old.

Methods

Explanatory variables were obtained from Healthy Places Index (HPI), the National Cancer Institute and diversitydatakids.org. The edentulism outcome variable was obtained from CDC's PLACES small area estimates from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. Pearson and Spearman rank correlations were estimated. Multiple linear regression and multi‐collinearity evaluations were performed. The Global Moran's I statistic assessed partial autocorrelation within census tracts.

Results

Pearson and Spearman correlations were similar, supporting robustness. HPI, an area measure of advantage, strongly negatively correlated with edentulism prevalence [correlation coefficient: −0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.87, −0.86]. A change of 1.0 in HPI corresponded to an estimated decrease in edentulism prevalence of 5.9% (linear model adjusted R2 = 0.78). Racially segregated census tracts with Hispanics or Blacks alone were positively correlated with edentulism prevalence [0.60, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.62; and 0.33, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.35, respectively]. The converse was seen in census tracts with non‐Hispanic Whites alone [−0.57, 95% CI: −0.58, −0.55]. Global Moran's I statistic for edentulism (0.13) and HPI scores (0.19) were significant (both p < .001) indicating geospatial autocorrelation.

Conclusions

Higher disadvantage and minority racial segregation within census tracts were positively correlated with edentulism prevalence. Future research and policy should consider possible interventions improving SDOH to reduce oral health inequities.