bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic GCPII (glutamate‐carboxypeptidase‐II) inhibition reduces pT217Tau levels in the entorhinal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices of aged macaques
Authors: Bathla Shveta , Datta Dibyadeep , Liang Feng , Barthelemy Nicolas , Wiseman Robyn , Slusher Barbara S , Asher Jennifer , Zeiss Caroline , Ekanayake‐Alper Dil , Holden Daniel , Terwilliger Gordon , Duque Alvaro , Arellano Jon , van Dyck Christopher , Bateman Randall J. , Xie Zhongcong , Nairn Angus C. , Arnsten Amy F. T.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Current approaches for treating sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) focus on removal of amyloid beta 1‐42 (Aβ1‐42) or phosphorylated tau, but additional strategies are needed to reduce neuropathology at earlier stages prior to neuronal damage. Longstanding data show that calcium dysregulation is a key etiological factor in sAD, and the cortical neurons most vulnerable to tau pathology show magnified calcium signaling, for example in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and entorhinal cortex (ERC). In primate dlPFC and ERC, type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR3s) are predominately post‐synaptic, on spines, where they regulate cAMP‐calcium signaling, a process eroded by inflammatory glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) actions. The current study tested whether enhancing mGluR3 regulation of calcium via chronic inhibition of GCPII would reduce tau hyperphosphorylation in aged macaques with naturally‐occurring tau pathology.

Methods

Aged rhesus macaques were treated daily with the GCPII inhibitor, 2‐MPPA (2‐3‐mercaptopropyl‐penanedioic acid (2‐MPPA)),

Aged rhesus macaques were treated daily with the GCPII inhibitor, 2‐MPPA (2‐3‐mercaptopropyl‐penanedioic acid (2‐MPPA)),

Results

Aged macaques that received 2‐MPPA had significantly lower pT217Tau levels in dlPFC and ERC, and had lowered plasma pT217Tau levels from baseline. pT217Tau levels correlated significantly with GCPII activity in dlPFC. Both 2‐MPPA‐ and vehicle‐treated monkeys showed cognitive improvement; 2‐MPPA had no apparent side effects. Exploratory CSF analyses indicated reduced pS202Tau with 2‐MPPA administration, confirmed in dlPFC samples.

Discussion

These data provide proof‐of‐concept support that GCPII inhibition can reduce tau hyperphosphorylation in the primate cortices most vulnerable in sAD. GCPII inhibition may be particularly helpful in reducing the risk of sAD caused by inflammation. These data in nonhuman primates should encourage future research on this promising mechanism.

Highlights

Inflammation is a key driver of sporadic Alzheimer's disease.

GCPII inflammatory signaling in brain decreases mGluR3 regulation of calcium.

Chronic inhibition of GCPII inflammatory signaling reduced pT217Tau in aged monkeys.

GCPII inhibition is a novel strategy to help prevent tau pathology at early stages.
Politics and Intelligence: Running Against the Cognitive Elite
Authors: Tucker William H.
Published: October 2023

While Herrnsteinand Murray believed firmly in genetic inequality, which, they argued, both explained and justified social and economic inequality, they also vigorously supported political equality; indeed, they suggested that humans could not be equal “in any other sense.” Citing the beliefs of the founding fathers as support, they asserted that “the best government was one that most efficiently brought the natural aristocracy to high positions.” And they expressed confidence that the “common people” had the good sense to choose what Madison called “men of virtue and wisdom” to govern—that is, those members of the cognitive elite prepared for such a role by their natural ability and their broad education in “history, literature, arts, ethics, and the sciences.” The great majority of citizens—that 95 percent not as intelligent as the cognitive elite—might not possess the right characteristics for the governing class, but, according to The Bell Curve, they could be counted on to recognize those who did.
Conclusion: Addressing Inequality
Authors: Tucker William H.
Published: October 2023

Although it was Herrnstein’s writing in the early 1970s that began widespread discussion of the concept, and The Bell Curve, which he co-authored with Murray that continued it, the truth is that the notion of a “meritocracy” has become an abiding conviction across much of the political spectrum in the United States. The belief that society’s “winners” deserve their hugely disproportionate share of resources because they are better—i.e., smarter—than others is not unique to conservatives and libertarians like Murray; it is also an article of faith for much of the so-called “New Democratic” establishment that has controlled the party from the Clintonthrough the Obama administrations. For both conservatives and many liberals, the meritocratic faith is not so much a way to explain inequality as to rationalize it; high-ranking officials involved in economic policy in both Republicanand Democratic administrations have considered inequality not only inevitable but the appropriate reflection of people’s economic value.
Conclusion
Authors: Mooij Annelieke
Published: October 2023

The Metaverse will provide us with new opportunities to enjoy the internet. Through the Metaverse society can enjoy the internet in 3D. This brings new ways to interact and is creating new economies. The possibilities of the Metaverse to facilitate social interactions and to create more affordable luxuries are endless. Unfortunately there is also a dark side to the possibilities. Where there are good intentions there are also bad intentions. The Metaverse is already full of them. The combination of anonymous, fast and without the need for third party international payments risks money laundering and the financing of terrorism. This book has discussed the precise risks of MLFT with regard to the Metaverse and the adeptness of the current regulatory framework.
Variable stars in the field of the Galactic bulge globular cluster NGC 6522
Authors: Arellano Ferro A. , Prudil Z. , Yepez M. A. , Bustos Fierro I. , Luna A.
Published: October 2023

We present a comprehensive analysis of the variable stars projected on the field of the Galactic bulge globular cluster NGC 6522, offering valuable insights into their characteristics. Using proper motions from Gaia-DR3, we aim to distinguish between field stars and true cluster members. For an accurate color-magnitude diagram of the member stars, we produced a differential reddening map. We detect and discuss the peculiarities of variable stars of the types RR Lyrae, type II Cepheids, Long Period Variables (LPV) and eclipsing binaries, whose light curves are available through the OGLE III and IV databases. Notably, we explore the variable V24, which shows a prominent phase modulation resulting from period changes in a time scale of 1100 days. The variable stars among the cluster members serve as indicators of the cluster metallicity and distance; these determinations are based on their light curves. With the Fourier light curve decomposition of three RRc stars, we have derived the following cluster parameters: the metallicity in the spectroscopic scale $\text{[Fe/H]}_{\mathrm{UVES}}=-1.16 \pm 0.09$

[Fe/H]
UVES

=
−
1.16
±
0.09
; and the mean distance $D=8.77 \pm 0.16$
D
=
8.77
±
0.16
kpc.
Methods that shaped telomerase research
Authors: Bartle Louise , Wellinger Raymund J.
Published: October 2023

Telomerase, the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) responsible for telomere maintenance, has a complex life. Complex in that it is made of multiple proteins and an RNA, and complex because it undergoes many changes, and passes through different cell compartments. As such, many methods have been developed to discover telomerase components, delve deep into understanding its structure and function and to figure out how telomerase biology ultimately relates to human health and disease. While some old gold-standard methods are still key for determining telomere length and measuring telomerase activity, new technologies are providing promising new ways to gain detailed information that we have never had access to before. Therefore, we thought it timely to briefly review the methods that have revealed information about the telomerase RNP and outline some of the remaining questions that could be answered using new methodology.
Corruption in Bank Lending: The Role of Culturally Endorsed Leadership Prototypes
Authors: Gaganis Chrysovalantis , Pasiouras Fotios , Tasiou Menelaos
Published: October 2023

This paper examines the impact of three culturally endorsed leadership prototypes on bank lending corruption. We bring together studies that approach the corruption of bank lending officers from the perspective of a principal-agent problem and studies from the leadership literature, suggesting leadership as an alternative to contractual solutions to agency problems. We hypothesize, based on these views, that culturally endorsed leadership styles that improve (worsen) the leader-subordinate relationships have a negative (positive) effect on bank lending corruption. Using a sample of around 3,500 firms from 36 countries, we find that the prosocial leadership prototype and the nonautonomous leadership prototype do not matter, whereas the self-serving leadership prototype has a positive and statistically significant effect on bank lending corruption. These findings are robust to the inclusion of various control variables in the regressions, and alternative estimation approaches, including ones that account for endogeneity concerns. Furthermore, we find that the power of bank regulators and the age of the credit information sharing mechanism play a moderating role in the relationship between the self-serving leadership prototype and bank lending corruption.
SUMOylation of RALY promotes vasculogenic mimicry in glioma cells via the FOXD1/DKK1 pathway
Authors: Cao Shuo , Wang Di , Wang Ping , Liu Yunhui , Dong Weiwei , Ruan Xuelei , Liu Libo , Xue Yixue , E Tiange , Lin Hongda , Liu Xiaobai
Published: October 2023

Human malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive primary malignant tumors of the human central nervous system. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), which refers to the formation of a tumor blood supply system independently of endothelial cells, contributes to the malignant progression of glioma. Therefore, VM is considered a potential target for glioma therapy. Accumulated evidence indicates that alterations in SUMOylation, a reversible post-translational modification, are involved in tumorigenesis and progression. In the present study, we found that UBA2 and RALY were upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of UBA2 and RALY inhibited the migration, invasion, and VM of glioma cells. RALY can be SUMOylated by conjugation with SUMO1, which is facilitated by the overexpression of UBA2. The SUMOylation of RALY increases its stability, which in turn increases its expression as well as its promoting effect on FOXD1 mRNA. The overexpression of FOXD1 promotes DKK1 transcription by activating its promoter, thereby promoting glioma cell migration, invasion, and VM. Remarkably, the combined knockdown of UBA2, RALY, and FOXD1 resulted in the smallest tumor volumes and the longest survivals of nude mice in vivo. UBA2/RALY/FOXD1/DKK1 axis may play crucial roles in regulating VM in glioma, which may contribute to the development of potential strategies for the treatment of gliomas.
Numerical simulation of multiscale fault systems with rate- and state-dependent friction
Authors: Gräser Carsten , Kornhuber Ralf , Podlesny Joscha
Published: October 2023

We consider the deformation of a geological structure with non-intersecting faults that can be represented by a layered system of viscoelastic bodies satisfying rate- and state-depending friction conditions along the common interfaces. We derive a mathematical model that contains classical Dieterich- and Ruina-type friction as special cases and accounts for possibly large tangential displacements. Semi-discretization in time by a Newmark scheme leads to a coupled system of nonsmooth, convex minimization problems for rate and state to be solved in each time step. Additional spatial discretization by a mortar method and piecewise constant finite elements allows for the decoupling of rate and state by a fixed point iteration and efficient algebraic solution of the rate problem by truncated nonsmooth Newton methods. Numerical experiments with a spring slider and a layered multiscale system illustrate the behavior of our model as well as the efficiency and reliability of the numerical solver.
Epidemiological analysis of drinking water-type fluorosis areas and the impact of fluorosis on children’s health in the past 40 years in China
Authors: Wang Feiqing , Li Yanju , Tang Dongxin , Zhao Jianing , Yang Bo , Zhang Chike , Su Min , He Zhixu , Zhu Xiaodong , Ming Dong , Liu Yang
Published: October 2023

This study analyzed the effect of China’s fluorosis prevention and control program, which has been in effect for more than 40 years, and the impact of fluorosis on children’s health. Relevant research studies were retrieved from the following online databases from the time of their inception to May 2022: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang. The Review Manager 5.3 software was used in statistical analyses. This article included seventy studies: Thirty-eight studies reported the effect of improving water quality and reducing fluoride content, the incidence rate of dental fluorosis in children, and the level of urinary fluoride, and thirty-two studies reported the intelligence quotient (IQ) and health status of children. Following water improvement strategies, the fluoride levels in drinking water decreased significantly; urinary fluoride levels and dental fluorosis decreased significantly in children. With regard to the effect of fluorosis on the IQ of children, the results showed that the IQ of children in areas with a high fluoride of fluorosis was lesser than that in areas with a low fluoride, and this difference was significant. Based on the prevalence of dental fluorosis and its effect on the intelligence of children, it appears that reducing fluoride levels in drinking water and monitoring water quality are important strategies for the prevention and treatment of fluorosis.

Graphical abstract
Non-conventional treatments to control cork oak infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi
Authors: Bairrão Margarida , Trindade Manuel , Trindade Cândida Sofia , Marques-dos-Santos Cláudia , Ferreira Ricardo Boavida , Valdiviesso Teresa , Machado Helena
Published: October 2023

Cork oak (Quercus suber) is one of the most important forest species in Portugal and in the Mediterranean basin, but in recent decades a progressive decline has been registered in the montado ecosystem. The main phytopathogenic agent involved in this process, Phytophthora cinnamomi, has a high infection potential and survival ability, and became a serious threat to this ecosystem. Extensive areas of cork oak are infected in Portugal, being imperative to find new ways to control this disease. The complex lifecycle of this pathogen and the small number of effective agrochemicals currently authorized against Phytophthora spp., with phosphonates taking advantage, justifies this work where new products with antagonism against Oomycetes or biostimulant properties were tested. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of BLAD (a polypeptide with antifungal, anti-oomycete and biostimulant properties), potassium phosphonate and salicylic acid in Q. suber infected with P. cinnamomi, quantifying the severity of root lesions. BLAD, potassium phosphonate and salicylic acid treatments showed lower root lesion severities than the inoculated control, and proved to be effective as they provided a slower disease evolution. The lowest lesion severity in cork oak roots observed with BLAD treatments allowed us to consider BLAD as the most promising product among the three we tested.
Temporal patterns of stream biofilm in a mountain catchment: one-year monthly samplings across streams of the Orobic Alps (Northern Italy)
Authors: Bonacina Luca , Fornaroli Riccardo , Mezzanotte Valeria , Marazzi Francesca
Published: October 2023

Periphyton is the dominant primary producer in mountain streams and sustains the higher trophic levels. While certain periphyton groups, particularly diatoms, have received extensive study, the comprehensive characterization of the entire community has been largely neglected. This study aims to investigate the temporal pattern of biofilm in mountain streams characterized by different water thermal regimes. A one-year quantitative campaign, involving monthly samplings, was conducted in five subalpine streams in Northern Italy’s Orobic Alps to collect epilithic biofilm from a wide surface area. The total biomass was quantified and the periphyton was analyzed both for composition (diatoms, green algae, cyanobacteria, and red algae) and for pigments. Disturbance, water temperature, physico-chemical conditions, nutrients, substrate diversity, and light availability were assessed concurrently with biofilm samplings. Results show sharp biofilm variations over months. In all sites, the disturbance was the primary factor reducing biomass and pigment content. Annually, all sites experienced similar turnover in periphyton composition mainly associated with light and water temperature. Overall, the study indicates that frequent quantitative investigations of biofilm help understand intra-annual variations and identify key drivers. Such information is useful to understand the ecosystem processes and the food web dynamics.
The Importance of Representative Sampling for Home Range Estimation in Field Primatology
Authors: Jacobson Odd T. , Crofoot Margaret C. , Perry Susan , Hench Kosmas , Barrett Brendan J. , Finerty Genevieve
Published: October 2023

Understanding the amount of space required by animals to fulfill their biological needs is essential for comprehending their behavior, their ecological role within their community, and for effective conservation planning and resource management. The space-use patterns of habituated primates often are studied by using handheld GPS devices, which provide detailed movement information that can link patterns of ranging and space-use to the behavioral decisions that generate these patterns. However, these data may not accurately represent an animal’s total movements, posing challenges when the desired inference is at the home range scale. To address this problem, we used a 13-year dataset from 11 groups of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus imitator) to examine the impact of sampling elements, such as sample size, regularity, and temporal coverage, on home range estimation accuracy. We found that accurate home range estimation is feasible with relatively small absolute sample sizes and irregular sampling, as long as the data are collected over extended time periods. Also, concentrated sampling can lead to bias and overconfidence due to uncaptured variations in space use and underlying movement behaviors. Sampling protocols relying on handheld GPS for home range estimation are improved by maximizing independent location data distributed across time periods much longer than the target species’ home range crossing timescale.
The Importance of Grey and Qualitative Literature in Developing Domestic Violence and Abuse and Child Maltreatment Core Outcome Sets: A Brief Report
Authors: Powell Claire , Peeren Siofra , Ostrowska Ania , Adil Shehzore , Botevyle Jamie , Chesters Heather , Wolstencroft Jeanne , Yapp Emma , Feder Gene , Gilbert Ruth , Howarth Emma
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Core Outcome Sets (COS) are agreed sets of outcomes to be used in all trials that evaluate the effect of interventions. This report considers the added value of including grey and qualitative literature in a study to identify COSs of family-focused interventions for CM and DVA.

Methods

We identified outcomes of interventions for DVA or CM through systematically searching 12 academic databases and 86 organisation websites, leading to the inclusion of 485 full-text reports across 6 reviews. We developed a candidate outcome longlist comprising 347 extracted outcomes.

Results

We identified 87% (282/347) of candidate outcomes from the grey and qualitative literature, and 37% (127/347) from the trial literature. Of the candidate outcomes on the longlist, 22% (75/347) were identified solely from the grey or qualitative literature and 7% (26/347) from trial literature. Three of the eight outcomes in the final core outcome sets may have been missed if grey or qualitative literature had not been searched.

Conclusions

The qualitative and grey literature adds DVA and CM outcomes that are relevant to survivor perspectives but not reported in trials; this had an impact on the final COSs. It is important for COS developers to consider what they may be missing if they do not search the qualitative and grey literature.
Quantitative analysis of selenium species in the edible parts of cabbage, carrot, tomato and green pea treated with selenate-enriched irrigation water
Authors: Ragályi Péter , Takács Tünde , Soós Áron , Kovács Béla , Dernovics Mihály , Lončarić Zdenko , Dobosy Péter , Záray Gyula , Rékási Márk
Published: October 2023

Background and aims

Selenium (Se)-biofortified foods are able to compensate for Se deficient diets, but the proportion of different Se species varies among plant species, and the bioavailability of Se species also varies. This study aims to examine the Se species composition of four vegetables.

Methods

The effect of Se-enriched irrigation water on the concentrations of Se species in the edible parts of cabbage, carrots, tomatoes and green peas grown on different soil types was investigated and quantified using HPLC-ICP-MS with either standard addition or isotope dilution.

Results

Cabbage leaf and carrot root contained a high proportion (88 and 92%, respectively) of selenate (SeVI), while in tomato fruit and green pea seed selenomethionine (SeMet) was found in the highest proportion (33% and 48%, respectively), but elemental Se was also detected. The elemental Se concentration of peas was significantly higher on sandy soil (2.29 mg kg−1) than on sandy silt (1.38 mg kg−1) or silt soil (1.34 mg kg−1). In 100 g of fresh edible parts, the largest amount of Se species was found in cabbage leaves, but organic Se in the form of SeMet was the most abundant in green peas, being significantly higher than in carrots or tomatoes. Tomatoes contained a nearly three-fold ratio of organic Se to inorganic Se, the latter being mostly comprised of the elemental form, which is unusually high in vegetables. The highest rate of unknown Se species exceeded 66% in the case of peas, while the highest identification rate (> 95%) of Se could be achieved in tomato.

Conclusion

Tomatoes converted the absorbed Se into organic Se in the highest ratio, while green peas had the highest amount of organic Se in fresh biomass, so biotransformation was the most effective for these vegetables without any significant biomass reduction. These vegetables may be adapted to soils with a higher Se content.
A Deeper Analysis of Volumetric Relightable Faces
Authors: Rao Pramod , Mallikarjun B. R. , Fox Gereon , Weyrich Tim , Bickel Bernd , Pfister Hanspeter , Matusik Wojciech , Zhan Fangneng , Tewari Ayush , Theobalt Christian , Elgharib Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Portrait viewpoint and illumination editing is an important problem with several applications in VR/AR, movies, and photography. Comprehensive knowledge of geometry and illumination is critical for obtaining photorealistic results. Current methods are unable to explicitly model in 3D while handling both viewpoint and illumination editing from a single image. In this paper, we propose VoRF, a novel approach that can take even a single portrait image as input and relight human heads under novel illuminations that can be viewed from arbitrary viewpoints. VoRF represents a human head as a continuous volumetric field and learns a prior model of human heads using a coordinate-based MLP with individual latent spaces for identity and illumination. The prior model is learned in an auto-decoder manner over a diverse class of head shapes and appearances, allowing VoRF to generalize to novel test identities from a single input image. Additionally, VoRF has a reflectance MLP that uses the intermediate features of the prior model for rendering One-Light-at-A-Time (OLAT) images under novel views. We synthesize novel illuminations by combining these OLAT images with target environment maps. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of VoRF for relighting and novel view synthesis, even when applied to unseen subjects under uncontrolled illumination. This work is an extension of Rao et al. (VoRF: Volumetric Relightable Faces 2022). We provide extensive evaluation and ablative studies of our model and also provide an application, where any face can be relighted using textual input.
Umwelt Collapse: The Loss of Umwelt-Ecosystem Integration
Authors: Maran Timo
Published: October 2023

Jakob von Uexküll’s umwelt theory opens new perspectives for understanding animal extinction. The umwelt is interpreted here as a sum of structural correspondences between an animal’s subjective experience, ecosystem, physiology, and behaviour. The global environmental crisis disturbs these meaning-connections. From the umwelt perspective, we may describe extinction as umwelt collapse: The disintegration of an animal’s umwelt resulting from the cumulative errors in semiotic processes that mediate an organism and ecosystem. The loss of umwelt-ecosystem integration disturbs “ecological memory,” which provides the ecosystem with adaptive modelling and self-design capacities. Making a distinction between core and mediated umwelts, and describing different types of umwelt collapse, are suitable methods for more detailed analysis. The concept of umwelt collapse enables the reinterpretation of extinction, from an internal perspective, as a semiotic breakdown. Such an approach may help us map scenarios of animal extinction, and may lead to successful compensation strategies in adapting to environmental change.
Down-regulation of DPP4 by TGFβ1/miR29a-3p inhibited proliferation and promoted migration of ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Liu Chong , Gao Zhao-Wei , Liu Ying-Qi , Yang Lan , Wu Xia-Nan , Dong Ke , Zhu Xiao-Ming
Published: October 2023

Objective

To explore the DPP4 expression changes and functions in ovarian cancer (OV), as well as the regulation mechanism for DDP4.

Methods

GEPIA2, GSE18520, GSE26712 and UALCAN were used to analyze differences in DPP4 expression between OV tumors and control tissues. Serum DPP4 levels were measured by ELISA. The prognostic values of DPP4 were evaluated using a Kaplan–Meier (KM) plotter. Small interfering RNA was used for DPP4 knockdown in OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells. CCK-8 and scratch healing assays were used to determine the cells’ proliferation and migration abilities. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis. A dual-luciferase assay was designed to confirm the regulatory effect of miR-29a-3p on DPP4.

Results

The expressions of DPP4 mRNA and protein were decreased in OV tumor tissues. Serum DPP4 levels decreased in OV patients. KM plotter analysis showed correlation between high DPP4 expression and a poor prognosis in OV patients. By targeting knockdown of DPP4, we found that OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells’ proliferation was inhibited, while cell’s migration ability was significantly promoted. FCM analysis showed that DPP4 knockdown induced a decrease in the S phase. Furthermore, DPP4 was shown to be downregulated by miR-29a-3p and TGFβ1 in OVCAR-3 cells, and miR-29a-3p expression was upregulated by TGFβ1. The effects of miR-29a-3p and TGFβ1 on OVCAR-3 cells’ biological behaviors were consistent with DPP4 knockdown.

Conclusion

DPP4 was downregulated in OV patients. DPP4 knockdown significantly inhibited OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cell proliferation and promoted cell migration. DDP4 can be downregulated by TGFβ1 through the upregulation of miR-29a-3p in OV cells.
On the theory of Bergman spaces on homogeneous Siegel domains
Authors: Calzi Mattia , Peloso Marco M.
Published: October 2023

We consider mixed-norm Bergman spaces on homogeneous Siegel domains. In the literature, two different approaches have been considered and several results seem difficult to be compared. In this paper, we compare the results available in the literature and complete the existing ones in one of the two settings. The results we present are as follows: natural inclusions, density, completeness, reproducing properties, sampling, atomic decomposition, duality, continuity of Bergman projectors, boundary values, and transference.
Effect of Geosynthetics on Swell Reduction During an Extreme Rainfall Event
Authors: Saily Mohit , Gratchev Ivan
Published: October 2023

Expansive (reactive) soils can swell during rainfall causing damage to engineering structures. This paper seeks to investigate the effect of geosynthetic material on the swell reduction of such soils. A series of large-scale long-term soil column experiments were conducted on a very high plasticity reactive soil under simulated rainfall conditions. Non-woven geosynthetics combined with geogrid and woven geosynthetics were used as primary geosynthetic material to provide reinforcement and drainage for the soil mass. The obtained results revealed that these geosynthetics did not improve the California Bearing Ratio values of the soil. However, when placed in the soil mass, the geosynthetic materials greatly reduced the total swell of the soil. Visual observations and the experimental data on water content, suction, and vertical displacements indicated that the geosynthetics provided better drainage of the soil mass. This limited the time of water–soil interaction, thus reducing the total swell of the soil.
High conductive copper alloys for additive manufacturing
Authors: Fiedler T. , Jähnig Domingues M. , Winter C. , Rösler J.
Published: October 2023

For applications where high thermal and/or electrical conductivity combined with reasonably high strength is required, copper alloys may be used. Although many different alloys were already developed in the past, additive manufacturing like laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) opens up new possibilities for alloy development, mainly driven by the very high cooling rates. This allows for the usage of precipitation-hardened alloys with compositions exceeding the maximum solubility. The present work focuses on the investigation of a well-known CuCr1Zr alloy as well as CuZr alloys with 1 and 2 wt.% Zr. For a fast, resource-efficient screening and demonstration of feasibility, the investigated alloys were not printed from powder. Instead, solid sheets were partially re-melted in a PBF-LB/M machine to obtain a microstructure similar to the printed state. This rapid-solidification microstructure is investigated, and precipitates with a size 50 nm or even smaller are found. After subsequent aging heat treatments, the hardness of the alloys exceeds the maximum hardness achievable with conventional manufacturing methods (excluding work hardening). The investigations in this work revealed the great hardening potential of these alloys for usage in the PBF-LB/M process.
Mucosal immune responses to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in the ocular mucosa of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), an ancient teleost fish
Authors: Kong Weiguang , Ding Guangyi , Cheng Gaofeng , Yang Peng , Xu Zhen
Published: October 2023

The eye, as a specialized visual organ, is directly exposed to the external environment, and, therefore, it faces constant challenges from external pathogenic organisms and toxins. In the ocular mucosa (OM) of mammals, mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) constitute the primary line of defense. However, the immune defense role of the OM remains unknown in aquatic vertebrates. To gain insights into the immune processes within the OM of teleost fish, we developed an infection model of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) OM using a parasite, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich). Immunofluorescence, qPCR, and H&E staining revealed that Ich successfully infiltrates the OM of rainbow trout, leading to pathological structural changes, as evidenced by A&B staining. Importantly, the qPCR results indicate an up-regulation of immune-related genes following Ich infection in the OM. Moreover, transcriptome analyses were conducted to detect immune responses and impairments in eye function within the OM of rainbow trout with Ich infection. The results of the transcriptome analysis that Ich infection can cause an extensive immune response in the OM, ultimately affecting ocular function. To the best of our knowledge, our findings represent for the first time that the teleost OM could act as an invasion site for parasites and trigger a strong mucosal immune response to parasitic infection.
Consumer Valuation of Thanksgiving Items and the Role of Organic Certifications
Authors: Sarasty Oscar , Amin Modhurima Dey
Published: October 2023

Previous research links organic purchasing motivations to personal and family health. We conduct a national survey to explore whether this preference intensifies when preparing family meals, especially during Thanksgiving. We find that approximately 83% of consumers change their consumption habits for Thanksgiving, with a notable preference for organic products. Results from the choice experiment indicate willingness to pay premiums for Thanksgiving-themed items, especially those with USDA-certified organic or certified naturally grown labels. These findings underscore policy initiatives that strengthen consumer understanding of organic certifications and support producers in securing them, capitalizing on the seasonal demand surge.
Particle trajectories, velocities, accelerations and rotation rates in snow avalanches
Authors: Neuhauser Michael , Köhler Anselm , Neurauter Rene , Adams Marc S. , Fischer Jan-Thomas
Published: October 2023

Understanding the dynamics of snow avalanches is crucial for predicting their destructive potential and mobility. To gain insight into avalanche dynamics at a particle level, the AvaNode in-flow sensor system was developed. These synthetic particles, equipped with advanced and affordable sensors such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS), travel with the avalanche flow. This study focuses on assessing the feasibility of the in-flow measurement systems. The experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of 2021–2023, both in static snow cover and dynamic avalanche conditions of medium-sized events. Radar measurements were used in conjunction with the particle trajectories and velocities to understand the behaviour of the entire avalanche flow. The dynamic avalanche experiments allowed to identify three distinct particle flow states: (I) initial rapid acceleration, (II) a steady state flow with the highest velocities (9–17 ms−1), and (III) a longer deceleration state accompanied by the largest measured rotation rates. The particles tend to travel towards the tail of the avalanche and reach lower velocities compared to the frontal approach velocities deduced from radar measurements (ranging between 23–28 ms−1). The presented data give a first insight in avalanche particle measurements.
From topological recursion to wave functions and PDEs quantizing hyperelliptic curves
Authors: Eynard Bertrand , Garcia-Failde Elba
Published: October 2023

Starting from loop equations, we prove that the wave functions constructed from topological recursion on families of degree

$2$

spectral curves with a global involution satisfy a system of partial differential equations, whose equations can be seen as quantizations of the original spectral curves. The families of spectral curves can be parametrized with the so-called times, defined as periods on second type cycles, and with the poles. These equations can be used to prove that the WKB solution of many isomonodromic systems coincides with the topological recursion wave function, which proves that the topological recursion wave function is annihilated by a quantum curve. This recovers many known quantum curves for genus zero spectral curves and generalizes this construction to hyperelliptic curves.
Implementation measurement in global mental health: Results from a modified Delphi panel and investigator survey
Authors: Kemp Christopher G. , Danforth Kristen , Aldridge Luke , Murray Laura K. , Haroz Emily E.
Published: October 2023

Limited guidance exists to support investigators in the choice, adaptation, validation and use of implementation measures for global mental health implementation research. Our objectives were to develop consensus on best practices for implementation measurement and identify strengths and opportunities in current practice. We convened seven expert panelists. Participants rated approaches to measure adaptation and validation according to appropriateness and feasibility. Follow-up interviews were conducted and a group discussion was held. We then surveyed investigators who have used quantitative implementation measures in global mental health implementation research. Participants described their use of implementation measures, including approaches to adaptation and validation, alongside challenges and opportunities. Panelists agreed that investigators could rely on evidence of a measure’s validity, reliability and dimensionality from similar contexts. Panelists did not reach consensus on whether to establish the pragmatic qualities of measures in novel settings. Survey respondents (n= 28) most commonly reported using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research Inner Setting Measures (n= 9) and the Program Assessment Sustainability Tool (n= 5). All reported adapting measures to their settings; only two reported validating their measures. These results will support guidance for implementation measurement in support of mental health services in diverse global settings.
Linear disturbance growth induced by viscous dissipation in Darcy–Bénard convection with throughflow
Authors: Brandão P.V. , Alves L.S. de B. , Rodríguez D. , Barletta A.
Published: October 2023

Modal and non-modal linear stability analyses are employed to investigate the effect of internal and external heating on disturbance temporal growth for the Darcy–Bénard convection with throughflow. A matrix-forming approach is employed for both purposes, where the generalised eigenvalue problem is built using the generalised integral transform technique. Although the disturbance equations are not self-adjoint, the non-modal analysis indicates that there is no transient growth. Hence, any disturbance growth in time must be induced by modal mechanisms. An absolute instability analysis reveals that viscous dissipation has a destabilising effect and introduces new modes that are eventually destabilised by increasing the Péclet number. Beyond critical values of the Péclet number, where codimension-two absolutely unstable points exist, these modes become more unstable than the classical mode found in the absence of viscous dissipation, which is stabilised by an increasing Péclet number. This internal heating mechanism generated by viscous dissipation is so strong at high enough Péclet numbers that instability becomes possible through heating from above.
Non-continuum effects on the sound of a heated line source: from a monopole to non-isotropic radiation
Authors: Manela A. , Gibelli L.
Published: October 2023

We study the effect of continuum breakdown on the two-dimensional thermoacoustic radiation of a thin plate set in a perfect monatomic gas. The plate is heated harmonically in time and the acoustic field is investigated in the entire range of gas rarefaction rates. Analytical approximations are obtained in the limits of high (free-molecular) and low (continuum limit) gas rarefaction, accompanied by direct simulation Monte Carlo calculations at intermediate flow conditions. While the source acoustic field is of a monopole type in the continuum regime, it turns non-isotropic at non-continuum conditions, exhibiting dipole directivity and exponential decay rate in the collisionless limit. The combined effects of source heating frequency and gas Knudsen number on the far-field acoustic radiation are illustrated and rationalized.
Trajectory fitting estimation for reflected stochastic linear differential equations of a large signal
Authors: Zhang Xuekang , Shu Huisheng
Published: October 2023

In this paper we study the drift parameter estimation for reflected stochastic linear differential equations of a large signal. We discuss the consistency and asymptotic distributions of trajectory fitting estimator (TFE).
ON THE ZARISKI TOPOLOGY ON ENDOMORPHISM MONOIDS OF OMEGA-CATEGORICAL STRUCTURES
Authors: PINSKER MICHAEL , SCHINDLER CLEMENS
Published: October 2023

The endomorphism monoid of a model-theoretic structure carries two interesting topologies: on the one hand, the topology of pointwise convergence induced externally by the action of the endomorphisms on the domain via evaluation; on the other hand, the Zariski topology induced within the monoid by (non-)solutions to equations. For all concrete endomorphism monoids of

$\omega $

-categorical structures on which the Zariski topology has been analysed thus far, the two topologies were shown to coincide, in turn yielding that the pointwise topology is the coarsest Hausdorff semigroup topology on those endomorphism monoids.

We establish two systematic reasons for the two topologies to agree, formulated in terms of the model-complete core of the structure. Further, we give an example of an

$\omega $

-categorical structure on whose endomorphism monoid the topology of pointwise convergence and the Zariski topology differ, answering a question of Elliott, Jonušas, Mitchell, Péresse, and Pinsker.
Smooth integers and de Bruijn's approximation Ʌ
Authors: Gorodetsky Ofir
Published: October 2023

This paper is concerned with the relationship of

$y$

-smooth integers and de Bruijn's approximation

$\Lambda (x,\,y)$

. Under the Riemann hypothesis, Saias proved that the count of

$y$

-smooth integers up to

$x$

,

$\Psi (x,\,y)$

, is asymptotic to

$\Lambda (x,\,y)$

when

$y \ge (\log x)^{2+\varepsilon }$

. We extend the range to

$y \ge (\log x)^{3/2+\varepsilon }$

by introducing a correction factor that takes into account the contributions of zeta zeros and prime powers. We use this correction term to uncover a lower order term in the asymptotics of

$\Psi (x,\,y)/\Lambda (x,\,y)$

. The term relates to the error term in the prime number theorem, and implies that large positive (resp. negative) values of

$\sum _{n \le y} \Lambda (n)-y$

lead to large positive (resp. negative) values of

$\Psi (x,\,y)-\Lambda (x,\,y)$

, and vice versa. Under the Linear Independence hypothesis, we show a Chebyshev's bias in

$\Psi (x,\,y)-\Lambda (x,\,y)$

.
The signature of accumulated permanent uplift, northern Cascadia subduction zone
Authors: Stanton Kelsay M. , Crider Juliet G. , Kelsey Harvey M. , Feathers James K.
Published: October 2023

Uplift of the overriding plate at a subduction zone denotes interseismic strain accumulation, which is subsequently released during a megathrust earthquake. Although most interseismic strain is thought to be released elastically, observations of uplifted coastal regions at subduction zones worldwide indicate that some strain may result in permanent uplift. The Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay (Washington, USA) coastal region of the Cascadia subduction zone hosts flights of marine terraces testifying to late Pleistocene rock uplift. Our new detailed mapping of the marine terraces recognizes nine new units, including estuarine and fluvial sediments. Luminescence dating, relative age based on soil maturity and terrace elevation, and an evaluation of previous ages from fossil shells collectively constrain the probable ages of three estuarine units to sea-level high stands during Marine Isotope Stages 5a, 5c, and 5e. We estimate an average uplift rate of 0.4 ± 0.1 mm/yr for the terraced estuarine units, consistent with other Pleistocene uplift and incision rates in Cascadia. When compared with observed interseismic vertical deformation, these rates suggest that about one-tenth of interseismic strain may become permanent. The values are permissible within the uncertainties of uplift based on regional estimates of interseismic vertical strain rates and of coseismic subsidence.
Autocratic Policy and the Accumulation of Social Capital: The Moscow Housing Renovation Program
Authors: BORISOVA EKATERINA , SMYTH REGINA , ZAKHAROV ALEXEI
Published: October 2023

Can autocratic policy generate incentives for the accumulation of social capital and political engagement? This question is important to understand stability in authoritarian regimes that increasingly rely on governance to build legitimacy and social support. While existing research shows that the incentives for societal interaction embedded in policies can yield new forms of social capital and political engagement in democratic regimes, the top-down nature of policy and the corrupt and information-poor context of policy implementation could undermine this mechanism in authoritarian regimes. We explore this question by examining the effect of the Moscow Housing Renovation Program, a massive urban renewal project, that required residents to organize to obtain new housing. Comparing a matched sample of 1,300 residents living in buildings included and excluded from the program, we find that interactions induced by the program led to changes in the level of social capital among residents in included buildings. We also find spillover effects on political engagement and collective action against pension reform.
Going Local: Public Attitudes toward Municipal Offices of Immigration Affairs
Authors: JIMÉNEZ TOMÁS R. , VARGAS NUÑEZ CÉSAR
Published: October 2023

Local governments have been increasingly active in immigration policy by cooperating with federal immigration enforcement or creating local offices of immigrant affairs (OIA) charged with integrating immigrants. How do these policies shape perceptions of locales following these policy routes? Using a set of pre-registered survey experiments, we find that compared to local cooperation with federal immigration enforcement, creating an OIA produces more favorable public attitudes, with minimal differences when undocumented immigrants also receive access to services. Democrats, especially white Democrats, have the most favorable views of cities with an OIA. While Republicans prefer cooperation with ICE, their attitudes toward cities with OIAs remain positive. Our findings suggest that despite partisan polarizing immigration policy debates, establishing OIAs does not attract the negative political attention common in an era of hyperpolarization. OIAs could be a rare immigration policy that may be effective and supported.
Sex, science and curated community at the World League for Sexual Reform 1929 conference
Authors: Forster Laura C.
Published: October 2023

This article interrogates the scientific conference as a means by which the organizers of the World League for Sexual Reform's 1929 conference attempted to marshal the ‘scientific spirit’ in order to present progressive sexual reform as a rational and scientifically informed undertaking. The conference was carefully curated to make the sex reform movement (and the assorted characters that gathered under its banner) look serious, legitimate and, most importantly, scientific. The conference was also an attempt by organizer Norman Haire to exert control over the strategy of sexology, an enterprise that put him at odds with other prominent sexologists of the time. Crucially, Haire understood sexology as inherently intellectually interdisciplinary, but was strategically convinced that the only sound rubric through which to promote and gain acceptance for the movement was through medical science. This central debate, about how best to define the contested concept of sexology, continues among historians today. By examining how the 1929 conference organizers wrestled to define their sex-reforming remit and how they curated the conference to that end, this paper will offer a window onto the mechanisms via which adherents of intellectual communities contend with heterogeneity, how we judge forms of knowledge and, ultimately, what constitutes science.