bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Identification and Conformance of Quality of Cement and Coarse Aggregate used at Gautama Buddha Airport Upgrading Component, Nepal
Authors: Mishra Anjay Kumar , Gupta Dinesh , Aithal P. S.
Published: December 2020

Quality management system has been challenging in construction of airport project. The objective of study is to assess the factors affecting quality and conformance of Cement and Coarse Aggregate standard used at Construction Site of Gautam Buddha Airport Upgrading Component. This research is based on key informant interview with supervisor and site engineers, questionnaires survey with clients, consultants and contractors who were involved in airport construction projects along with lab test of cement and coarse aggregate of airport construction sites. Statistical tools mean value and relative importance index were used for the ranking of different quality methods. Airport follows specification and standard technical guidelines for the airport construction work. The major factors affecting the quality management in airport construction was Unavailability of competent staff, Low quality drawing and specification and Poor-quality procedure and department for ensuring quality assurance practice Provide training and seminar on quality assurance and Support the setting up of of cube of 3 days, 7 days and 28days is18.8N/mm2 (>16N/mm2), 27.20N/mm2 (>22N/mm2) and 39.40N/mm2 (>33N/mm2) respectively. The average initial setting Time and final setting time of cement is 180 min(>45min) and 351 min(<600min) respectively and average soundness of cement is 2.7mm(<10mm). The test for aggregate, it was found that average Los Angeles Abrasion value of aggregate was 32.8%(<40%), average crushing value of aggregate was 19.88%(<25%), Flakiness index of aggregate found that 19.85%(<25%) and the gradation of aggregate was found that within specification. Quality in airport construction starts from selection of material, inspection, tests employed.
EFFECT OF INFLUENCE TACTICS ON WORKERS’ PERFORMANCE IN DANGOTE CEMENT PLC, OBAJANA- KOGI STATE
Authors:   Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Ismail Abdul-Khadir , Suleiman Umar ,   Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Abdullahi ARI ,   Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Ramalan Halilu ,   Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Mohammed Hussaini ,   Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Bashiru Ibrahim ,   Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State
Published: December 2020

Influence is a primary social mechanism through which a leader enacts his or her leadership using various tactics to influence others. This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of influence tactics on worker’s performance in Dangote Cement Plc, Obajana- Kogi State. Specifically, it was designed to examine the effect of appeal to higher authority; ingratiation; impression management; and persuasion tactics (as the dependent variables) on workers performance. A descriptive-survey research design was adopted, while purposive sampling technique was employed to arrive at a sample size of fifty-eight (58) from the research population of 151 senior staff, frontline managers and management personnel of the organization. Out of the fifty-eight questionnaires administered to the staff, only forty-eight were returned. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the two variables using the regression coefficients (Beta values). Results showed that ingratiation has a negative and insignificant effect on performance; impression management have positive and insignificant effect on workers performance; but appeal to higher authority and persuasion tactics had positive effect on workers performance in Dangote Cement Plc, Obajana- Kogi State. The study recommended that management of the firm should adopt the use of persuasion and appeal to higher authority considering their positive effect on workers performance; the use of ingratiation as an influence tactics should be minimized; and impression management should be encouraged.
BOOSTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN NIGERIA: THE NEED FOR A NEW MANAGEMENT APPROACH
Authors:   Department of Economics Veritas University, Bwari- Abuja, Oguchi Benjamin , Christian Oriaku ,   Department of Business Administration Veritas University, Bwari- Abuja
Published: December 2020

Developing nations obviously need ever-improving entrepreneurial activities to keep afloat given the dynamics of the global environment. This study examined the need for a new approach to entrepreneurship In Nigeria if its related activities must receive the necessary boost. Data was obtained from secondary sources including books, journals magazines, newspaper internet, etc. The theory of entrepreneurial growth by Mahajan (1970) was adopted as its theoretical framework while data analysis was by the mode of content analysis. Result revealed that a dynamic approach which is capable of evolving changes in line with the global business trends is required in Nigeria if entrepreneurship must be given the necessary boost. The paper recommended that government should give serious consideration to such an approach.
The Effect of Life Quality on Erderly with Hypertension at Mitra Medika Tanjung Mulia Hospital
Authors: Yuliana Irma , Suroyo Razia Begum , Asriwati Asriwati
Published: December 2020

The process of aging affects physical and mental changes which result in decreased endurance, resulting in various diseases such as hypertension. An increase in blood pressure is thought to be influenced by poor quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of quality of life in the elderly with the incidence of hypertension. This type of research uses quantitative and qualitative approaches (Mixed Methods). The research was conducted at Mitra Medika Tanjung Mulia General Hospital. Population of 360 people and sample of 78 people. The research informants were 7 people.. The results showed that the quality of life in the dimensions of independence, intellectual function, and back depression had an effect on the incidence of hypertension at Mitra Medika Tanjung Mulia General Hospital, p = 0.000. The most dominant variable or the one with the greatest influence on the incidence of hypertension in this study is the variable level of independence which has a value of Exp (B) / OR = 3,943, meaning that the elderly with independence depending on their activities with other people have the opportunity to experience high category hypertension (Grade 2) of 3.9. times higher than the elderly who are independent. The conclusion of this study is that the incidence of hypertension in the elderly is influenced by quality of life (independence, intellectual function, and depression back). It is recommended that Mitra Medika Tanjung Mulia Hospital make a policy on geriatric services by providing counseling services for the elderly, providing counseling on prevention and management of hypertension, such as occupational therapy (healing process through activities).
Factors Influencing the Performance of Nurses in the Emergency Room at Bunda Thamrin General Hospital Medan
Authors: Hendry Hendry , Silaen Mangatas , Jamaludin Jamaludin
Published: December 2020

Nurses as one of health workers in the hospital having an important role in achieving health development goals. The success of health services depends on the participation of nurses to provide high quality care nursing for patients. This research is quantitative and using cross sectional design. The purpose of this research is to see what factors that can influence over the performance of nurses of emergency room in Bunda Thamrin Hospital Medan 2018. This research use total sampling or exhaustic sampling and The source data of this research is using questionnaire and then followed by using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis with SPSS program. The results of this research is that work load (p=0,000),strees of work (p=0,000),competention (p=0,000), insentive (p=0,000),length of working (p=0,000) have influences for performance of nurse. After multivariate analysis the most influence variable is work load (p=0,000. The result showed that there was correlation between work load, strees of work, competention, insentive, length of working has influences against work performances of nurse. Therefore, needs toimprovenursing service that can be made to improving the performance of nurses with increased knowledge through education nursing sustainable and improving skills nursing is absolutely necessary. The arrangement of a work conducive environment so important, so that nurses can work effectively and efficiently .Creating a work that could lead to a nurse to do the best.
Erderly Behavior Factors Affecting Compliance of Hypertension Patients at Mitra Medan Public Hospital
Authors: Sianipar Lingse Elsina , Suroyo Razia Begum , Badiran Muhammad , Yuniati Yuniati
Published: December 2020

The prevalence of hypertension continues to increase from year to year, especially in the elderly. The high number of cases of hypertension is thought to be due to a lack of compliance in complying with the recommendations of health workers such as carrying out routine checks (blood pressure control), taking medication regularly, adopting a low-salt diet, and doing regular exercise. The purpose of this study was to analyze the behavioral factors of the elderly that influenced hypertension patient compliance.The results showed that the factors that influenced the compliance of hypertensive patients at Mitra Medika General Hospital Medan were knowledge, motivation, insurance participation, and family support. Meanwhile, the variables that did not influence were age, gender, health facilities, distance, and support for health workers. The conclusion of this research is that knowledge, motivation, insurance participation and family support affect the compliance of hypertensive patients.
INCLUSÃO SOCIAL NAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS E O SISTEMA DE COTAS
Authors: RABENSCHLAG C. D.
Published: December 2020

A Inclusão Social Nas Universidades Públicas e o Sistema De Cotas é uma das questões conflituosas da reforma na educação. Este trabalho analisa questões relacionadas à constitucionalidade do sistema de cotas no Brasil apresentando diversas contribuições e posicionamentos divergentes sobre o assunto e os principais desafios a serem enfrentados pelas universidades. Com base nos princípios constitucionais da dignidade da pessoa humana, o princípio da não discriminação e da igualdade busca-se compreender a Inclusão Social Nas Universidades Públicas e o Sistema De Cotas como forma de diminuir as desigualdades sociais entre as pessoas de diferentes raças, em especial para os negros, índios e pardos. Neste trabalho, será feita uma análise crítica do tema igualdade na Constituição Federal, do sistema de cotas nas universidades.
PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE EUTERPE EDULIS MART.: FERTILIZANTE DE LIBERAÇÃO CONTROLADA E VOLUMES DE SUBSTRATO
Authors: ROUBUSTE R. R. , MISSIO E.L. , STEFFEN Gerusa Pauli Kist , MALDANER J. , MORAIS Rosana Matos , SALDANHA C.W.
Published: December 2020

A palmeira Euterpe edulis Martius pertence à família Palmae (Arecaceae), possui o estipe simples, cresce até 20 m de altura, conhecida popularmente como palmiteiro, juçara, jiçara, ripa, entre outros (Lorenzi e Mello Filho, 2001; Carvalho, 2003). A espécie é característica da Mata Atlântica, sendo encontrada no litoral brasileiro, do sul da Bahia até o Rio Grande do Sul, ocorrendo também em florestas do interior dos Estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Distrito Federal e Rio Grande do Sul (Carvalho, 2003).
Tejiendo un modelo de innovación intercultural
Authors: Zúniga Morales Víctor Ronald
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo ha analizado de manera sucinta la innovación desde la experiencia de la URACCAN a partir del programa doctoral en estudios interculturales. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa explicativa desde una perspectiva hermenéutica al analizar textos, documentos, reportajes, artículos, entrevistas con informantes clave. Los resultados orientan estar ante un contexto cambiante complejo, pero de oportunidades; las universidades son el motor transformador de las sociedades y la interculturalidad puede ser un medio a tales fines; en un mundo tecno científico, la innovación ha sido estudiada desde modelos lineales con conocimientos científicos y tecnológicos. Por tanto, se sugiere profundizar en la innovación intercultural que, considere la diversidad cultural desde el pluralismo epistemológico.
Complejidad y tipos de conflictividad en la tenencia de la propiedad en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua
Authors: Rojas Hooker Sandra Carolina
Published: December 2020

Este artículo se basó en el estudio “Tipos de tenencia de la propiedad en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua” con énfasis en la complejidad y tipos de conflictividad en la tenencia de la propiedad. Para ello, se analizan los diferentes tipos de propiedad teniendo como base los principios y categorías contenidas en la Carta Magna, las leyes generales y especiales relacionadas con la temática. La metodología fue cualitativa encaminada al reconocimiento de los niveles de complejidad y tipos de conflictividad que se presentan según las formas de propiedad reconocidas en la legislación nacional. Para ello, se realizó grupos focales y entrevistas con la participación de representantes de las Alcaldías Municipales, representantes de los gobiernos indígenas y afrodescendientes, y demás sectores sociales, así como la revisión documental. las principales complejidades son La creciente población no indígena en territorios indígenas, la politización y partidización en la elección de las autoridades comunitarias, el desfase y la falta de conclusión de la etapa de saneamiento que impide la emisión de los títulos de propiedad a favor de las comunidades indígenas y consecuentemente dificulta las negociaciones para la inversión.
¿Aprendemos botánica en contextos informales? Revisión teórica y narraciones de aprendizajes
Authors: Foresto Emiliano
Published: December 2020

Este ensayo ha abordado el concepto de aprendizaje informal, con énfasis en los aprendizajes botánicos que adquirimos fuera de los espacios formales, en el hogar, viajes, con amigos, el trabajo, etc. Cuando pensamos en botánica, creemos que es un conocimiento para unos pocos, y lo asociamos a los planes de estudio de las carreras de grado con orientación biológica; sin embargo, el aprendizaje sobre esta ciencia en nuestra vida cotidiana es más natural de lo que parece. Se realizó una pequeña indagación bibliográfica y conceptual sobre la terminología, y una recopilación de relatos sobre algunos tipos de aprendizajes vinculados a la botánica que las personas aprenden por diferentes medios y contextos. Como resultado se propone reflexionar la interdependencia entre los ámbitos de aprendizajes, para alejarnos de esa visión de compartimentos estancos, eliminando las etiquetas y pensando en la idea de aprendizajes integrados.
Los recursos naturales de la finca El Morro, San Miguelito, Río San Juan, Nicaragua, 2013
Authors: Valiente Torres Fredy Leonel , Calero Claudio
Published: December 2020

Este estudio realizado en la finca El Morro, municipio de San Miguelito, departamento de Río San Juan, Nicaragua. Fueron evaluadas las características biofísicas de los recursos bosque, fauna silvestre, agua y suelo. Fue inventariado con diseño de muestreo sistemático de acuerdo a los diferentes tipos de cobertura vegetal, tales como: bosque abierto, tacotal y árboles dispersos en potrero. Se ubicaron dos parcelas circulares, con un radio de 15 metros, separadas a una distancia de tres km entre ellas, la fauna silvestre se hizo simultánea al levantamiento de la información florística. En este estudio se trata de conocer la riqueza florística y el estado silvicultural de la vegetación arbórea, la fauna existente, la calidad del agua y caracterización del suelo, con la finalidad de contribuir a la toma de decisiones en la implementación de buenas prácticas para el manejo de todos los recursos existentes en la finca
ETHNOGRAPHIC OBSERVATION IN EARLY-AGE TEACHER EDUCATION
Authors: Bonar Jolanta
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the subject of ethnographic observation. The author’s experience related to the implementation of the project Model Education for Future Teachers of Pre-school and Early-School Education at the University of Lodz is presented. The project includes observation practices in kindergartens and schools as well as workshops aimed at analysing the collected research material. The thesis has been put forward that ethnographic observation is an important part of the process of becoming a teacher. It fosters the development of the students’ research attitude, thanks to which the educational reality becomes a collection of questions and requires constant interpretation
CHILDREN’S GRAPHICS AS A SOURCE OF FAMILY INFORMATION
Authors: Piwowarska Ewa
Published: December 2020

Children’s graphic works provide a lot of information about the family. A strong bond between children and their mother and father, as people providing the sense of security, is closely related to art works concerning family made by the children. The drawings presented family became the subject of this study. Collected research material was the subject of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The analyses of the drawings allowed to notice that the way of perceiving family through the prism of relations experienced by the child (e.g. reversing proportions) was additional information about the members of the family. A variety of means of expressions used by children and elements that accompanied the figures are not only evidences of knowledge on particular topic, but they also express feelings, emotions or even expectations.
THE DEVELOPMENT PATHS OF HERMENEUTIC COMPETENCES: THE END OF AN ALIBI, THE BEGINNING OF A “SUNNY ADVENTURE”
Authors: Klasińska Barbara
Published: December 2020

Hermeneutic competences are assigned to human nature, they are related to the substance of humanity and they are the core of the functioning of man in the world as they are distinguished by responsibility and the ability to understand, read and shape oneself and the surrounding environment of life as significant entireties constituted by senses. And their development is conditioned by the vertical and horizontal combination of various biological and cultural factors. In this context, academic education preparing for social professions in the areas such as pedagogy or social work should create proper conditions for the acquisition and improvement of the ability to refer professional and methodological knowledge to individual situations and people experiencing them and for understanding them. The article par exemple analyses and interprets methods of developing hermeneutic competences, and also outlines a new proposal of basing this process on the dynamisms of human existence.
Normal Value of Random Urinary Calcium to Creatinine Ratio in Children in Zahedan, South-East of Iran
Authors: Sadeghi Bojd Simin , Narouie Behzad , Mohammadi Mahdi
Published: December 2020

Background: Random urine calcium/creatinine ratio (UCa/Cr) is used practically for the screening of hypercalciuria. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the age-specific reference value of UCa/Cr and its relationship with urinary Na/K in children in Zahedan, South-East of Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, UCa/Cr and UNa/K ratios were measured in non-fasting morning urine samples of 1,506 randomly selected primary school children. Results: The prevalence of hypercalciuria was 3.1%, with no significant difference between males and females. Mean UCa/Cr was 0.09 ± 0.21, and the 95th percentile was 0.27 and 0.22 in seven and 12-year-old children, respectively. Mean urinary UNa/UK was 2.90±1.89, and the 95th percentile was 7.83 and 10.57 in seven and 12-year-old children, respectively. The correlation between UCa/Cr and UNa/UK was statistically significant (r=0.128, P < 0.001). There was also a positive correlation between UCa/Cr and UNa/UK, especially in seven-year-old children (r=0.508, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Different reference values of UCa/Cr for seven and 12-years-old emphasize that age-specific reference values of UCa/Cr should be established for each population to be used as a screening method for hypercalciuria.
Elucidation and Identification of an Antifungal Compound from Pseudomonas aeruginosa DA3.1 Isolated from Soil in Vietnam
Authors: Trung Nguyen Thi , Cuong Nguyen Tien , Thao Nguyen Thi , Anh Dao Thi Mai , Tuyen Do Thi
Published: December 2020

Background: Fusarium sp. and Rhizoctonia sp. fungi have been always threats to short-term crops. In Vietnam, corn and soybean suffer serious losses annually. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize an environmentally friendly antifungal compound that is highly effective against phytopathogenic fungi. Pseudomonas sp. is a popular soil bacterial strain and well known for its high antifungal activity. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate and assess the antifungal activity of a local bacterial strain namely DA3.1 that was later identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This would be strong scientific evidence to develop an environmentally friendly biocide from a local microorganism strain for commercial use. Methods: The antifungal compound was purified from ethyl acetate extraction of deproteinized cell culture broth by a silica gel column (CH2Cl2/MeOH (0% - 10% MeOH)). The purity of the isolated compound was determined by HPLC, and its molecular structure was elucidated using spectroscopic experiments including one-dimensional (1D) (1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT) and two-dimensional (2D) (HMBC and HSQC) spectra. The activity of the purified compound against Fusarium sp. and Rhizoctonia sp. fungi was measured using the PDA-disk diffusion method, and its growth-promoting ability was evaluated using the seed germination test of corn and soybean. Results: The results showed that the antifungal compound produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa DA3.1 had a retention factor (Rf) of 0.86 on thin layer chromatography (TLC). Based on the evidence of spectral data including proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), the chemical structure was elucidated as phenazine-1-carboxylic. The purified compound showed inhibitory activity against F. oxysporum and R. solani and exhibited the ability of the germination of corn and soybean seeds. The results revealed the benefit of native P. aeruginosa DA3.1 and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid for use as a biocontrol agent, as well as a plant growth promoter. Conclusions: The antifungal compound isolated from local Pseudomonas DA3.1 was identified as phenazine-1-carboxylic acid that posed high antifungal activity and was a plant germination booster.
The Effects of Different Fungi on the IL-1β Expression in Mouse Dendritic Cells
Authors: Zhang Li-Juan , Wang Xiao-Dong , Wan Xue-Feng , Hasimu Hadiliya , Abliz Paride
Published: December 2020

Background: Invasive fungal infection received more and more attention because of its high mortality, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common pathogenic fungus for systematic fungal infection, A. lentulus was isolated and identified recently and named as a sister of A. fumigatus. Objectives: The current study aimed to explore the concentration and time-dependent relationships of the virulence of fungi due to the change in the Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) level. Methods: Candida albicans, A. fumigatus, and A. lentulus suspensions with a multiplicity of infection = 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 units were used to treat mouse dendritic cells. The IL-β level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the treatment was administered. Results: The main effects and interactions between the multiplicity of infection, intervention duration, and the dependent variable of IL-1β were significant. Besides, there were statistically significant differences. Only C. albicans and A. lentulus could induce IL-1β 48 hours after administration. Furthermore, the production of IL-1β induced by A. fumigatus was higher than that induced by A. lentulus and C. albicans. Conclusions: This study demonstrated concentration- and time-dependent relationships in IL-1β production by dendritic cells induced by three types of fungi. Candida albicans and A. lentulus exhibited a slow phase-in in vitro inflammation induction. The inflammatory response induced by A. fumigatusin vitro has the characteristics of a short action time and a strong toxic effect. Finally, A. lentulus is less virulent than A. fumigatus, and its inflammation-inducing time is relatively longer.
Get to Know . . . Julia Stewart
Authors: Graewingholt Megan
Published: December 2020

Many readers may recognize Julia from her role as author of the “Get to Know” column, writing articles on GODORT members and their work in Documents to the People since 2008. Reflecting on her work, Julia reported that the best aspect of writing the “Get to Know . . .” column was meeting the amazing people in the library community and learning from their research projects. Having experience in a number of industries, from working in a publishing house to being a high school teacher, Julia believes that librarians are the most supportive community of professionals. “While we all work with government information, there’s a lot of people doing a lot of different things,” says Stewart. If there was a new or emerging trend, like digitization, interviewing colleagues provided an opportunity to reach out and learn from other professionals in the field.
Tales from the Trenches—Part 4
Authors: Flash Kenya , Hallett Dominique
Published: December 2020

This is the final installment of stories and tales as told by government information professionals as part of the “Who are ‘We the People’?” survey conducted by Kenya Flash and Dominique Hallett. We would like to thank you for joining us on this journey through the stories from those in the trenches. We hope you have recognized yourselves in some, giggled and/or shaken your head at others, and overall, simply enjoyed these tales. Our pilot survey has provided us with so much insight and information, but these stories really cut to the heart of our profession and what it is like being a government information p8rofessional. Thank you for your time and your tales.
The Military Child Care Act of 1989
Authors: Bessette Michelle M.
Published: December 2020

The Department of Defense (DoD) operates the largest employer-sponsored child care in the nation. For Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, Marines and more, the Military Child Care Act (MCCA) of 1989 was enacted to establish law-mandated standards for all branches. Providing high-quality, available child care to service members helps maintain a mission ready force. Before the passing of the MCCA, the services’ child care programs were tainted with poor oversight, deplorable conditions and child abuse scandals detailed in GAO reports and congressional hearings. Investigations and legislative activity leading up to the passing of the MCCA, which became law under the National Defense Authorization Act of 1990 and 1991, forced the DoD to take responsibility for a new breed of service members—the military family.As a military spouse with children and employee of the DoD who co-supervises a child development center (CDC), I understand the importance of the MCCA and am able to witness DoD’s investment in their military families. The history of abhorrent conditions has all but vanished, due in part to public access of government publications. The timeline of this legislation in combination with nongovernment publications helps tell the story of the how the military model of child care became one in which the civilian sector strives to accomplish. My decade long career of federal service, my desire to be more knowledgeable of the original MCCA and my interest in military history inspired my research. My intended audience are those unfamiliar to military child care and those who may not understand the needs and sacrifices of our nation’s military families.
Evaluating Transparency During ICE Detainee Record Disposition
Authors: Stanek Tori
Published: December 2020

In December 2019, the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) approved an Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Schedule DAA-0567-2015-0013 request for disposition of detainee records that included sexual assault and abuse allegation information. Despite receiving a record number of objections, NARA did not change the temporary status of the documents in question. This essay examines ICE record creation and NARA record handling policies, as well the Freedom of Information Act’s role in the transparency of both entities.
Price Gouging During a Pandemic: The Federal Government’s Response
Authors: Rydzewski Marissa
Published: December 2020

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. Two days later, the US president declared a state of emergency in Proclamation No. 9994. One of the many problems that arise with a public health crisis is the shortage of essential medical supplies like ventilators, masks, and hand sanitizer. When these items become scarce, some businesses or entrepreneurs try to inflate their prices to make a higher profit when they know they can still sell these necessary items. These high costs on goods during disasters or emergencies can seem unfair and make it difficult for those who need them able to afford them. During these stressful times, it’s important for Americans to recognize and report price gouging when they suspect fraudulent activity when purchasing items. Where do people find the authority on anti-price gouging laws? Typically, it is each state’s responsibility, however, in times of crisis, the federal government could also do what is necessary to protect the public interests. This paper will assist people in understanding what price gouging is, how to recognize when price gouging is occurring, and how to report it. Additionally, this paper will address what responsibility the federal government has to protect Americans from price gouging schemes in times of crisis and what it is currently implementing to prevent these fraudulent actions.
Communication and Metacognition in the Classroom
Authors: Gunter Melissa D. , Raymond Kate M.
Published: December 2020

Favorite strategies are not always wise investments.
Focusing on Visual Representations in Mathematics
Authors: Just Angela , Cribbs Jennifer D.
Published: December 2020

The authors outline the importance of using variety when teaching mathematics.
Student Surveys Inform and Improve Classroom Discussion
Authors: Nieman Hannah J. , Kochmanski Nicholas M. , Jackson Kara J. , Cobb, Paul A. , Henrick Erin C.
Published: December 2020

Two cases show the value of reflecting on data about students’ perspectives on their experiences of classroom conversations in professional learning settings.
Plasma source ion implantation near the end of a cylindrical bore using an auxiliary electrode for finite rise time voltage pulses
Authors: Liu Cheng Sen  , Wang De Zhen  ,   大连理工大学物理系,三束材料改性国家重点实验室,大连  116023
Published: December 2020

The temporal evolution of the plasma sheath during plasma source ion implantation(PSII) is crucial because it affects the resultant surface properties and structures. In this paper two dimensional fluid model is applied to the problem in computing ion dynamics in the sheath of the end of a cylindrical bore using an auxiliary electrode for finite rise time voltage pulses. The ion density, flux, dose distributions are calculated by solving Poisson's equation and the equations of ion motion and continuity using finite difference methods. Our results indicate that there exist the differences of ion flux and dose among the inner, outer surfaces and the end surface of the bore.
Terahertz computer tomography
Authors: Wang Shao-Hong  , B.Ferguson  , Zhang Cun-Lin  , Zhang Xi-Cheng  ,   (1)美国伦斯勒理工学院物理、应用物理和天体物理系; (2)美国伦斯勒理工学院物理、应用物理和天体物理系;首都师范大学物理系，北京  100037; (3)首都师范大学物理系，北京  100037
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we report the Terahertz computer tomography(Terahertz-CT). Compared with the x ray computer tomography(XCT), more information could be extracted to process the image. Theoretically, Terahertz-CT could be used to map the complex refractive index distribution in target three-dimensional space. Therefore, it is possible to employ the principle of Terahertz-CT to classify the target inside a black box. This implies potential applications is security inspection and nondestructive examination.
Generation of low frequency electromagnetic solitons in plasmas near the critical density with ultrashort intense laser pulses
Authors: Sheng Zheng-Ming  , Zhang Jie  , Yu Wei  ,   (1)中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所,上海  201800; (2)中国科学院物理研究所光物理开放实验室,北京  100080
Published: December 2020

Generation of low frequency electromagnetic solitons in plasmas near the critical density by use of an ultrashort intense laser pulse has been studied with a two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell simulation code. They are formed while the ultrashort laser pulse is exciting a wake field, with its trailing edge experiencing strong frequency down-shift and part of its energy trapped in the plasmas. The formed solitons are usually found to move with small velocity, which results in the formation of plasma cavities and the acceleration of ions to high energy. It is also found that the soliton formation in 2D simulation geometry depends heavily on the polarization state of the incident pulse.
Controlling chaos via x|x|
Authors: Min Fu-Hong  , Xu Zhen-Yuan  , Xu Wen-Bo  ,   (1)江南大学通信与控制工程学院，无锡  214036; (2)南京师范大学电气与电子工程学院，南京  210042;江南大学通信与控制工程学院，无锡  214036
Published: December 2020

A method of controlling chaos by employing a dynamical nonlinear feedback controller is developed to guide chaotic motions towards regular motions.The controller is an active feedback controller without affecting the original system parameters,and is piecewise-quadratic function in the form of x|x|.In addition,it is quite simple and easy to implement in circuit.Numerical simulation shows the effectiveness and applicability of this method.
Ordered structure and system development of the force dissipation system(Ⅰ),Principle of minimum entropy production and ordered structure
Authors: Hu Yin-Qiao  ,   中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所，兰州  730000;大气边界层和大气化学国家重点实验室，北京  100029
Published: December 2020

Development of a system is always driven by the thermodynamic irreversible process and also the nonlinear dynamics process.The entropy equilibrium equation,which combines the equation set of atmosphere dynamics and the Gibbs relation in which kinetic energy change is taken into account,can describe the thermodynamic irreversible process and the nonlinear dynamics process.Up to now,the principle of minimum entropy production has been demonstrated only using the Onsager linear phenomenological relation in the nonequilibrium state thermodynamics.This paper demonstrates the principle of minimum entropy production by using the new entrop y equilibrium equation that is established with the atmosphere kinetic equation. As a result the principle of minimum entropy production is universal in the line ar and nonlinear regions of thermodynamics.A system arrives at a state of minimu m entropy production with the weakest irreversible process,when it is in heat tr ansportation balance;vapor transportation balance and momentum transportation ba lance.This minimum-entropy-production state is a stationary state,when the syste m is also in dynamic equilibrium and with out advection.This stationary state co rresponds to a certain ordered structure of the atmosphere system, when it devia tes from the equilibrium state.
Investigation of diamond-like-carbon films deposited on glass substrate by using a pulsed high energy density plasma gun
Authors: Yang Wu-Bao  , Fan Song-Hua  , Liu Chi-Zi  , Zhang Gu-Ling  , Wang Jiu-Li  , Yang Si-Ze  ,   中国科学院物理研究所,北京  100080
Published: December 2020

Smooth, densie and uniform nano-crystalline diamond-like-carbon (DLC) film is deposited on an optical glass substrate by pulsed high energy density plasma(PHEDP) gun charging in nitrogen atmosphore. Scanning electron microscope, Raman spectra and EMSA show that, the grain size of the DLC film is less than 20nm; there are a number of nitrogen atoms and nano-crystalline diamond in the DLC film. The sheet resistance of this film is larger than 109Ω/sq. When the change voltage is lower and charge distance is longer, the deposited film is loose. Theoretic analysis show that, at higher charge voltage, the deposited grain is larger, with longer charge distance, the collision force between deposition grain and substrate is weaker. The theoretic results are in agreement with the experimental conclusion.
Investigation of abnormal grain growth andtexture change in Ag and Cu films
Authors: Zhang Jian-Min  , Xu Ke-Wei  ,   (1)陕西师范大学物理学与信息技术学院，西安  710062;西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室，西安  710049; (2)西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室，西安  710049
Published: December 2020

Abnormal grain growth and texture change in free-standing Ag and Cu films and those attached to the Si substrates have been investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, after annealing the samples at 300℃ for 2 h.The as-deposited Ag and Cu films, as shown by XRD analysis, have(111) and (100) preferred orientations. After annealing, the free-standing films show a slight increase in the (111) texture, while the films attached to the silicon substrates show strong increases in the (100) and (110) textures. Two anomalous large grains with (110) orientation and four anomalous large grains with (211) orientation are observed by TEM in the attached Cu film after annealing. The results are discussed from an energy point of view.
MgB2 thick films grown on metal substrates using the electrophoresis technique
Authors: Wang Shu-Fang  , Zhu Ya-Bin  , Zhang Qing  , Liu Zhen  , Zhou Yue-Liang  , Chen Zheng-Hao  , Lü Hui-Bin  , Yang Guo-Zhen  ,   中国科学院物理研究所光物理开放实验室，北京  100080
Published: December 2020

MgB2 thick films were grown on metal substrates Ta, Mo and W using th e electrophoresis technique. The scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction show that the grains in the MgB2 thick films are in random orientation wi th their size below 1μm. The onset temperatures of superconducting transition of MgB2/Ta，MgB2/Mo，MgB2/W are observed at 36.5, 34.8 and 33.4K, with the transition widths of 0.3, 1.5 and 2.0K, respectively. The critical current density of th e MgB2/Mo thick film at 5 K and 1T is more than 105 A/cm2. This n ew method provides a great potential for MgB2 in practical applicatio ns.
Doping effect from substituting Fe for Mn in Nd0.5Sr0.4Pb 0.1Mn1-xFexO3(x=0.0—0.1) compounds
Authors: Lu Yi  , Li Qing-An  , Di Nai-Li  , Cheng Zhao-Hua  ,   (1)内蒙古包头师范学院物理系,包头  014030; (2)中国科学院物理研究所磁学国家重点实验室,北京  100080
Published: December 2020

Structure, magnetic and transport properties of polycrystalline Nd0.5 Sr0.4Pb0.1Mn1-xFexO3 Com pounds were experimentally studies. Single-phase samples were obtained in the range x=0.0—0.1 of Fe Content. There are no appreciable structure changes for the introduction of Fe. Mn-site doping favous a reduction of magnetic/resistive transport, at a rate of ～16K for 6% Fe, and an elevated resistivity. Metal-insulator transition disappears when the content of Fe exceeds ～0.08. The enhanced doping effects in Nd0.5Sr0.4Pb0.1Mn1-xFexO3 can be ascribed to the presence of Fe, which influences the concentration of mobile electron eg and restrain the double exchange interaction in the compounds.
Design and optimization of wave impedance distribution for flyer materials
Authors: Shen Qiang  , Zhang Lian-Meng  , Wang Chuan-Bin  , Hua Jin-Song  , Tan Hua  , Jing Fu-Qian  ,   (1)武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室，武汉  430070; (2)中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理实验室，绵阳  621900; (3)中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理实验室，绵阳  621900;武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室，武汉  430070
Published: December 2020

Flyers with wave impedance gradient can be regarded as a new kind of functionally graded material, which has come to show great potential for the application in dynamic high-pressure technology. In the present paper, a theoretical model of generating quasi-isentropic compression via the W-Mo-Ti system flyer was established, and the numerical simulation has been carried out. The results show that the design for flyers with graded wave impedance should conform to the parabolic or cubic function relationship of the change in the thickness. The thickness of target and the impact velocity should also be well controlled for creating a be tter quasi-isentropic compressive wave profile.
First-principles calculation on the formation energies oflithium insertion in In Sb
Authors: Liu Hui-Ying  , Hou Zhu-Feng  , Zhu Zi-Ｚhong  , Huang Mei-Ｃhun  , Yang Yong  ,   (1)集美大学计算科学与应用物理系，厦门  361021;厦门大学物理系，厦门  361005; (2)厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室，厦门  361005; (3)厦门大学物理系，厦门  361005
Published: December 2020

InSb as an anode material in lithium batteries has attracted considerable attention in recent investigations. An ab initio method with norm-conserving non-local pseudopotentials based on the local density functional theory has been used to investigate the non-carbon-bearing anode material InSb for lithium batteries. The formation energies of lithium intercalation and their electronic structures have been calculated. The changes of volume, band structures, electronic density of states and charge density contour plots for lithium intercalation in InSb are also discussed. We found that the formation energies of Li insertion in InSb are all about 2.2 eV per Li atom.
A circuit experiment for controlling a discrete chaotic system with time-delayed variable feedback
Authors: Chen Ju-Fang  , Cheng Li  , Liu Ying  , Peng Jian-Hua  ,   (1)东北师范大学物理系，长春  130024; (2)东北师范大学物理系，长春  130024;深圳大学理学院，深圳  518060
Published: December 2020

A two-dimensional discrete system with chaotic and hyperchaotic characteristics and the control of chaos and hyperchaos by means of time-delayed variable feedback have been realized in an electronic circuit.Both the complex behaviours in the circuit without control and the various stabilized periodic states in the controlled circuit are in good agreement with the results obtained by analyzing theoretically and simulating numerically.In addition,the experimental results confirm that it is effective to control chaos and hyperchaos by using the method of improved time-delayed variable feedback.
Investigation on magnetic pulse compressor used for copper halide laser
Authors: Liu Cai-Ming  ,   浙江大学物理系,杭州  310027
Published: December 2020

In copper halide lasers, the excitation of copper atoms is produced through the discharge of a storage capacitor. Performances of it were essentially linked to the type of switch used and also to its mode of operation. Thyratrons are the most common switches. Nevertheless, their technological limitations do not allow a high repetition rate and high rate of rise of current. But these limitations can be surpassed by combining the thyratron to magnetic pulse compression (MPC). The MPC driver can improve the laser excitation pulse rise time and increase the repetition rate. A single stage MPC system for CuBr laser has been developed in this paper. With this MPC, the power of laser output was increased more than 20%. The mechanism of MPC performance was analyzed. The design advisements and parameter choices of MPC were presented particularly.
Effect of nitrogen on oxygen precipitation in Czochralski silicon during high-te mperature annealing
Authors: Jiang Le  , Yang　De-Ｒen  , Yu　Ｘue-Ｇong  , Ma　Xiang-Yang  , Xu Jin  , Que Duan-Lin  ,   浙江大学硅材料科学国家重点实验室，杭州  310027
Published: December 2020

The effect of nitrogen on the oxygen precipitation during high-temperature annea ling in Czochralski silicon was investigated. After annealing under different co nditions, the variation of oxygen precipitation and the bulk microdefects(BMDs) density with annealing time at high temperatures was measured, and transmission electronic microscope was used to observe the microstructure of oxygen precipita tes. It was found that nitrogen doping strongly enhanced oxygen precipitation du ring high-temperature annealing; furthermore, the densities of BMDs in the annea led NCZ samples were higher than those in the corresponding CZ ones. Therefore, it is considered that the nitrogen can react with vacancy and oxygen to form N-V -O complexes to enhance the nucleation of oxygen precipitates, and the oxygen pr ecipitates are plates with strong inner stress.
Frequency doubling property of the low symmetric nonlinear optical crystal BIBO
Authors: Wang Zheng-Ping  , Teng Bing  , Du Chen-Lin  , Xu Xin-Guang  , Fu Kun  , Xu Gui-Bao  , Wang Ji-Yang  , Shao Zong-Shu  ,   (1)山东大学晶体材料国家重点实验室，济南  250100; (2)山东大学晶体材料国家重点实验室，济南  250100;青岛大学物理系，青岛  266071
Published: December 2020

For BiB3O6(BIBO) crystals the refractive index on the main optical axis was measured. A systematic research was performed on the frequency-doubling property of the BIBO crystal. When the fundamental light was supplied by a Nd:YAG laser (λ=1064nm), the largest effective nonlinear optical coefficient was found in th e Type-Ⅰ phase-matching direction (168.9°, 90°). We measured the angular acce ptance, temperature acceptance, laser damage threshold, and the ultra-cavity as well as the intro-cavity frequency-doubling characteristics of the BIBO crystal. In our experiments, the largest ultra-cavity frequency-doubling conversion effi ciency was 68%, and the intro-cavity frequency doubling output power reached 1.0 6W.
Prediction on the characteristics of isothermal annealing by using isochronal an nealing data
Authors: He Bao-Ping  , Wang Gui-Zhen  , Gong Jian-Cheng  , Luo Yin-Hong  , Li Yong-Hong  ,   西北核技术研究所,西安市69信箱六室  710613
Published: December 2020

In this paper the characteristics of isothermal and isochronal annealing for post-radiated MOS transistor were studied. The results show that 100℃ isothermal a nnealing is the most effective treatment, while the time of isochronal annealing is the shortest. Secondly, the recovery of threshold voltage under the +5V bias is the fastest and biggest, compared to that under 0V and float bias. These predictied results by using isochronal annealing data were compared with the ex periment curve obtained from isothermal annealing, and the agreement is good.
Theoretical study on defects in PbWO4:Y crystal
Authors: Liu Feng-Song  , Gu Mu  , Yao Ming-Zhen  , Liang Ling  , Chen Ming-Nan  ,   同济大学物理系，上海  200092
Published: December 2020

The electronic structures and binding energy of the defects related to Y3+ dopants in PbWO4 crystals have been investigated by the relativi stic self-consistent discrete variational embedded cluster method.The results show that ［2(Y3+Pb)-VPb”］ is more stable than the other Y3+ r elated defects.Using the transition state method,we find that the transition ene rgy of O2p→Y5d is about 3.9eV.This signifies that Y3+ ions will not res ult in the absorptions at 350nm and 420nm in the PbWO4 crystal.Moreov er,the ef fect on electronic structure in PbWO4 caused by Y dopants is differen t from that caused by La dopants.
A dynamical analysis on V-shaped solid laser resonator and the improved one
Authors: Zhang Guang-Yin  , Zhang Chao-Bo  , Jiao Zhi-Yong  , Ding Xin  , Yan Cai-Fan  , Huang Hui  ,   南开大学物理科学学院光子学中心，天津  300071
Published: December 2020

We have analyzed the dynamics of the general V-shaped solid laser resonator in detail and pointed out its advantage and shortcoming. Its crucial shortcoming is the appearance of a high-loss region when the dynamics factor approaches 1ft≈1l1-f, and in this case the laser cannot run. In order to overcome this weakness, we have introduced a kind of improved V-shaped resonator proposed by Liu Jun-hai, and based on this we put forward an improved more compact V-shaped resonator.