bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facile synthesis of Al-stabilized lithium garnets by a solution-combustion technique for all solid-state batteries
Authors: Badami Pavan , Smetaczek Stefan , Limbeck Andreas , Rettenwander Daniel , Chan Candace K. , Kannan Arunachala Nadar Mada
Published: June 2021

Garnet-type solid electrolytes with cubic modification are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for SSLBs with desirable properties such as high ionic conductivity at room temperature, and wider electrochemical operational window.
A copper-catalyzed synthesis of aryloxy-tethered symmetrical 1,2,3-triazoles as potential antifungal agents targeting 14 α-demethylase
Authors: Deshmukh Tejshri R. , Khedkar Vijay M. , Jadhav Rohit G. , Sarkate Aniket P. , Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Tiwari Shailee V. , Shingate Bapurao B.
Published: June 2021

The search for potent therapeutic agents has prompted the design and synthesis of a library of twenty-six aryloxy-tethered and amide-linked symmetrical 1,2,3-triazoles (8a–z) using a copper(i)-catalyzed click chemistry approach.
Review on the recent development of durable superhydrophobic materials for practical applications
Authors: Zeng Qinghong , Zhou Hui , Huang Jinxia , Guo Zhiguang
Published: June 2021

Comprehensive insight into durable superhydrophobic surfaces is provided from the theory and design to applications, which brings a new perspective to construct long-life superhydrophobic surfaces.
A silicon-based PbSe quantum dot near-infrared photodetector with spectral selectivity
Authors: Shi Yuanlin , Wu Zhiming , Dong Xiang , Chen Pengyu , Wang Jinquan , Yang Jun , Xiang Zihao , Shen Miao , Zhuang Yaming , Gou Jun , Wang Jun , Jiang Yadong
Published: June 2021

A silicon-based photodetector with a selective response range is achieved by utilizing the tunable absorption peaks of colloidal quantum dots without additional complex optical structures.
Hollow polymer nanocapsules with a ferrocenyl copolymer shell
Authors: Dhara Moumita , Rudra Somdatta , Mukherjee Nilanjan , Jana Tushar
Published: June 2021

Hollow polymer nanocapsules consisting of ferrocenyl shell have been developed by crosslinking the polymer chains grafted over silica nanoparticles synthesized via one pot surface-initiated RAFT polymerization.
Single-stranded DNA probe paired aptasensor with extra dye binding sites to enhance its fluorescence response in the presence of a target compound
Authors: Cho Seo Won , Lim Hyun Jeong , Chua Beelee , Son Ahjeong
Published: June 2021

Principle of an ssDNA paired aptasensor where extra dye binding sites are created to enhance its fluorescence response.
Tunable electronic and optical properties of a BAs/As heterostructure by vertical strain and external electric field
Authors: Deng X. Q. , Sheng R. Q. , Jing Q.
Published: June 2021

The CBM (VBM) of the heterostructure is mainly contributed by the BAs (arsenene), which will favor the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs.
A GGA + U investigation into the effects of cations on the electromagnetic properties of transition metal spinels
Authors: Li Chunyu , Li Peng , Li Leyun , Wang Dingjia , Gao Xingfa , Gao Xuejiao J.
Published: June 2021

Jahn–Teller active ions Fe2+, Ni2+, Mn3+, Ni3+, Cr4+ and Fe4+ can effectually regulate the electronic structures of transition metal spinels.
Compartmentalized cross-linked enzyme nano aggregates (c-CLEnAs) toward pharmaceutical transformations
Authors: de Martino M. Teresa , Tonin Fabio , Bloemendal Victor R. L. J. , Hanefeld Ulf , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , van Hest Jan C. M.
Published: June 2021

A new immobilization strategy using compartmentalized nanoreactors is herein reported for two biocatalytic processes: (1) a continuous flow aldol reaction; (2) epimerization for the synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).
Chemically fueled materials with a self-immolative mechanism: transient materials with a fast on/off response
Authors: Schwarz Patrick S. , Tebcharani Laura , Heger Julian E. , Müller-Buschbaum Peter , Boekhoven Job
Published: June 2021

We describe a design strategy for transient materials with a predefined lifetime and a fast on–off-response.
Nanoscale structure and dynamics of thermoresponsive single-chain nanoparticles investigated by EPR spectroscopy
Authors: Roos Andreas H. , Hoffmann Justus F. , Binder Wolfgang H. , Hinderberger Dariush
Published: June 2021

We characterize temperature-dependent macroscopic and nanoscopic phase transitions and nanoscopic pre-transitions of water-soluble single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs).
Application of hard and soft acid base theory to uncover the destructiveness of Lewis bases to UiO-66 type metal organic frameworks in aqueous solutions
Authors: Wang Liangjie , Li Juan , Cheng Luyao , Song Yonghui , Zeng Ping , Wen Xianghua
Published: June 2021

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), emerging adsorbents and catalysts in the wastewater treatment field, are subject to destruction by Lewis bases in wastewater, such as F− and PO43−.
Controllable size and crystallinity of Ru nanoparticles on a carbon support synthesized by fluidized bed reactor-atomic layer deposition for enhanced hydrogen oxidation activity
Authors: Lee Woo-Jae , Bera Susanta , Woo Hyun-Jae , An Jung-Won , Bae Jong-Seong , Oh Il-Kwon , Kwon Se-Hun
Published: June 2021

Uniform, size-controlled, and optimized crystalline Ru NPs on carbon supporter by FBR-ALD for the improved HOR performance in alkaline media.
Deficit or Difference? Effects of Altered Auditory Feedback on Speech Fluency and Kinematic Variability in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Chon HeeCheong , Jackson Eric S. , Kraft Shelly Jo , Ambrose Nicoline G. , Loucks Torrey M.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test whether adults who stutter (AWS) display a different range of sensitivity to delayed auditory feedback (DAF). Two experiments were conducted to assess the fluency of AWS under long-latency DAF and to test the effect of short-latency DAF on speech kinematic variability in AWS.

Method

In Experiment 1, 15 AWS performed a conversational speaking task under nonaltered auditory feedback and 250-ms DAF. The rates of stuttering-like disfluencies, other disfluencies, and speech errors and articulation rate were compared. In Experiment 2, 13 AWS and 15 adults who do not stutter (AWNS) read three utterances under four auditory feedback conditions: nonaltered auditory feedback, amplified auditory feedback, 25-ms DAF, and 50-ms DAF. Across-utterance kinematic variability (spatiotemporal index) and within-utterance variability (percent determinism and stability) were compared between groups.

Results

In Experiment 1, under 250-ms DAF, the rate of stuttering-like disfluencies and speech errors increased significantly, while articulation rate decreased significantly in AWS. In Experiment 2, AWS exhibited higher kinematic variability than AWNS across the feedback conditions. Under 25-ms DAF, the spatiotemporal index of AWS decreased significantly compared to the other feedback conditions. AWS showed lower overall percent determinism than AWNS, but their percent determinism increased under 50-ms DAF to approximate that of AWNS.

Conclusions

Auditory feedback manipulations can alter speech fluency and kinematic variability in AWS. Longer latency auditory feedback delays induce speech disruptions, while subtle auditory feedback manipulations potentially benefit speech motor control. Both AWS and AWNS are susceptible to auditory feedback during speech production, but AWS appear to exhibit a distinct continuum of sensitivity.
Calibration of mid- to far-infrared spectral lines in galaxies
Authors: Mordini Sabrina , Spinoglio Luigi , Fernández-Ontiveros Juan Antonio
Published: June 2021

Context. Mid- to far-infrared (IR) lines are suitable in the study of dust-obscured regions in galaxies because dust extinction strongly decreases with wavelength, and therefore IR spectroscopy allows us to explore the most hidden regions of galaxies, where heavily obscured star formation as well as accretion onto supermassive black holes at the nuclei of galaxies occur. This is mostly important for the so-called cosmic noon (i.e. at redshifts of 1 < z < 3), at which point most of the baryonic mass in galaxies has been assembled.

Aims. Our goal is to provide reliable calibrations of the mid- to far-IR ionic fine-structure lines, the brightest H2 pure rotational lines, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features, which we used to analyse current and future observations in the mm-submm range from the ground, as well as mid-IR spectroscopy from the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope.

Methods. We used three samples of galaxies observed in the local Universe: star-forming galaxies (SFGs, 196), active galactic nuclei (AGN; 90−150 for various observables), and low-metallicity dwarf galaxies (40). For each population, we derive different calibrations of the observed line luminosities versus the total IR luminosities.

Results. Through the resulting calibrations, we derive spectroscopic measurements of the star formation rate (SFR) and of the black hole accretion rate (BHAR) in galaxies using mid- and far-IR fine-structure lines, H2 pure rotational lines and PAH features. In particular, we derive robust star formation tracers based on the following: the [CII]158 μm line; the sum of the two far-IR oxygen lines, the [OI]63 μm line, and the [OIII]88 μm line; a combination of the neon and sulfur mid-IR lines; the bright PAH features at 6.2 and 11.3 μm; as well as – for the first time – the H2 rotational lines at 9.7, 12.3, and 17 μm. We propose the [CII]158 μm line, the combination of the two neon lines ([NeII]12.8 μm and [NeIII]15.5 μm), and, for solar-like metallicity galaxies that may harbour an AGN, the PAH 11.3 μm feature as the best SFR tracers. On the other hand, a reliable measure of the BHAR can be obtained using the [OIV]25.9 μm and the [NeV]14.3 and 24.3 μm lines. For the most commonly observed fine-structure lines in the far-IR, we compare our calibration with the existing ALMA observations of high-redshift galaxies. We find an overall good agreement for the [CII]158 μm line for both AGN and SFGs, while the [OIII]88 μm line in high-z galaxies is in better agreement with the low-metallicity local galaxies (dwarf galaxy sample) than with the SFGs, suggesting that high-z galaxies might have strong radiation fields due to low metal abundances, as expected.
Changes in the Portfolio Management and Construction under the Pandemic Era
Authors: Tan Ruipeng
Published: June 2021

This paper focuses on comparing portfolio management and construction before and after the coronavirus. First, this paper presents the importance of building up portfolios for investors to diversify their risks. Theories on portfolio management are discussed in this section to show how they have been developed to help on investing and reduce risk. Then, the paper moves on to show the impact of the pandemic on the financial market and portfolio management. Sample data on tech stock returns are collected to perform a Monte Carlo simulation on portfolio construction to find out the efficient portfolio before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The efficient portfolio is build based on the Markowitz theory to find the combination. Comparisons between these portfolio constructions are made to find out the changes in portfolio management and construction under the pandemic era. In conclusion, this paper presents how pandemic has changed and impacted the investments and lists recommendations on future portfolio management and construction.
Review of the influences of COVID-19 pandemic on tourism
Authors: Lin Yunzhi
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 has become a major global pandemic since Jan 2020, which has made a deep impact on tourism industry. There is ongoing research about how the tourism industry is impacted by this global crisis. Researchers have explored the ways to transform e-tourism during pandemic, a special opportunity for e-tourism. In addition, researchers had investigated how the disruption of tourism affects other industry, such as retail payments and wildlife conservation. They found that these two industries incurred loss due to the disruption of tourism to some extent and also gave some suggestions on recovery strategies. What’s more, researchers have investigated the condition of firms related to tourism and inferred that firms are hard to survive if crises lasted for more than four months without external support. At last, researchers have tried to find solutions for tourism industry to recover from the disruption. In comparison with the promotion of domestic travel, bridging travel and travel tech is more effective and highly recommended by researchers. It is meaningful and significant because tourism industry is one of the fastest growing industries which is expected to be the key contributor of regaining socio-economic stability after the pandemic.
Corn Products International (CPI) Financial analysis
Authors: Zhang Beili
Published: June 2021

Corporation financial analysis is crucial for accounting research, including background and environment, revenue and profit, different kinds of financial ratios. This paper will analyze Corn Products International, a corn refining and ingredient companies.
An Empirical Study on the Trade Impact of Cross border E-commerce on ASEAN and China under the Framework of RECP
Authors: Wang Guanhui , Cao Zengyu
Published: June 2021

As an indispensable part of future global trade, the cross-border e-commerce will change the form and volume of the current global trade with globalization. Taking China and ten ASEAN countries as the research object, this paper empirically tests whether the cross-border e-commerce under the RCEP framework will affect the trade scale between China and ten ASEAN countries through the trade gravity model. As the research suggests, the impact of GDP and the Internet popularity on the trade scale of different ASEAN countries and China is not the same. Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, Thailand and other countries have larger trade volume with China due to economic factor, Internet, geographical location and other factors, while Brunei and Laos, which are closer to China with smaller economic volume, have more obvious shortcomings and are less related to the trade with China.
Research into “Five Centers” on the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Current Development of Tertiary Industry in Xinjiang
Authors: Jie Pan , Na Kong , Xiao Bai
Published: June 2021

Industrial development is the pillar of regional economic development, and the development of tertiary industry is the focus of the entire industry. This paper conducted an in-depth analysis of the tertiary industry in Xinjiang from three aspects: output value, output value growth rate, and output value contribution rate. On this basis, this paper also analyzes the investment in fixed assets of Xinjiang’s tertiary industry and uses the gray correlation model to measure the correlation between fixed assets and output value. The results of the study show that from 2014 to 2019, the tertiary industry in Xinjiang has developed better overall. Among them, culture, sports and entertainment industry, information transmission, software and information technology service industry, education, health and social industry and other industries are developing very well, which is in line with the vision goal of the construction of the “Five Centers” in Xinjiang on the Silk Road Economic Belt.
Research about problems of improving the financing-difficulty issue for small, medium and micro-sized enterprises based on the perspective of city commercial banks in the dual circulation background
Authors: Zhao Xinlong , Qi Shengnan , Song Yutong , Chen Yining
Published: June 2021

In order to solve the current financing-difficulty issue for small, medium and micro-sized enterprises, in the “ two sessions ” of 2021, government has released various favoring policies regards the development of small-sized enterprises, and predictably, in the future small, medium and micro-sized enterprises could combine with more and more policy advantages to achieve sustainable progress. As local financial institution, city commercial banks as well undertakes the responsibility of providing financial supports for small, medium and micro-sized enterprises and laying out the fundamental basis for local economy. This article will initiate from functions of our national city commercial banks in financing for small, medium and micro-sized enterprises, then respectively analyse the current situation of both small, medium and micro-sized enterprises financing and city commercial banks, bring up challenges that city commercial banks confront in the progress of business of financing for small, medium and micro-sized enterprises, and offer suggestions concerning promoting our national city commercial banks’ financing business and measures to deal with existing issues. At the end, based upon the development orientation of city commercial banks, provide optional measures aimed to ameliorate the financing-difficulty issue of our national small, medium and micro-sized enterprises.
A study on the use of disposable products in hotels based on low carbon consumption
Authors: Chen Kejiang , Huang Tairan , Zhang Yichen , Zhu Zimu
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the world has been committed to the development of environmental industries and sustainable resources, and continues to implement the strategic idea of the scientific concept of development to prevent environmental pollution and resource waste. However, the nation seems to be accustomed to the use of disposable items such as toothbrushes, toothpaste and slippers in hotels. With the rapid development of the hotel industry, a large number of disposable items have been used in the hotel industry for a long time, which has brought great pressure to the environment and does not meet the requirements of the concept of low-carbon economy and green development. Through the investigation and analysis of the use of disposable products in hotels, this paper explores the solution and feasibility of banning disposable products in hotels, aiming to contribute to the low carbon economy and low carbon consumption.
A Research on the Development of Remanufacturing Industry in the 14th Five-Year Plan Period
Authors: Ye Xu
Published: June 2021

Efficient use of resources and promotion of circular development are important tasks for strategic development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. China actively promotes the development of the remanufacturing industry, but there is still room for improvement in many aspects such as the industry’s laws and regulations, technical systems, and consumer awareness. Improving the remanufacturing industry system will help us meet future challenges. Combined with theoretical research, this research constructs a remanufacturing industry model. It analyzes the feasible measures of each subject to promote the development of the industry from the perspective of the return on the profits of the original manufacturers, remanufacturers and the government participating in the remanufacturing market.
Analysis of community chronic disease health management mode under the background of big data
Authors: Yao Zehao , Cao Shihua
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the “Internet + medical” exploration and the country’s vigorously promoted hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system have provided an opportunity to improve the status quo of diabetes. Some scholars have proposed “one-to-one binding community nurses” (Wang Li et al., 2016) and personalized treatment based on big data (He Ting et al., 2016). New chronic disease management concepts such as an integrated chronic disease management model for the elderly based on mobile medical technology (Che Fengyuan et al., 2016). Although different names are used, the core point of view is that patients and community doctors complete the contract, the community doctors will take care of the patients, and the hospital doctors will take care of the patients. The patient’s blood glucose data can be shared with relatives and friends, community doctors, and hospital doctors in real time with the help of platform tools such as blood glucose meters, mobile apps, and cloud medical platforms. And community and hospital doctors’ feedback on patients can also be sent to patients and relatives and friends in real time, thereby realizing hierarchical diagnosis and treatment of diabetic patients when medical resources are scarce and unevenly distributed. This article refers to this model as the “family-style chronic disease management model”. The interaction between patients, relatives and friends, community doctors, and hospital doctors is shown in Figure 1.
Realizing the Company’s Energy Conservation Goal and Optimizing the Salary Management System – A Case Study of C Electric Power Company
Authors: Wang Yihan
Published: June 2021

It can be predicted that the development of energy conservation economy will be the long-term theme of struggle from the “energy conservation action of 1000 enterprises” launched during the “Eleventh Five Year Plan” to the “energy conservation action of 10000 enterprises” launched during the “Twelfth Five Year Plan”. Salary management is an important part of enterprise management. Appropriate salary management can motivate employees to work hard towards the direction set by the organization and ultimately achieve the goal of the organization. Under the background of the development of energy conservation economy, this paper takes C Electric Power Company as the research object, analyzes the current situation of its salary management, and then points out the main problems existing in the current salary management of C Company, and puts forward reasonable solutions to these problems, so as to improve the salary management system level of C Company, eventually promote the gradual development of C Company towards the direction of energy conservation.
Research on the theory of entrepreneurship Innovation at the individual level
Authors: Mei Bai
Published: June 2021

In recent years, entrepreneurship has increasingly become a hot topic for scholars to study innovation and other fields from the perspective of entrepreneurship, especially the research on the characteristics of entrepreneurship and the mechanism of innovation. These scholars are interested in innovation. Starting from the concept of entrepreneurship and the theory of entrepreneurship at the individual level, this paper discusses the innovation mechanism of entrepreneurship by summarizing and combing the research results of entrepreneurship at home and abroad. Based on the analysis of relevant theories, this paper enriches the relevant theories of entrepreneurship and innovation, and lays a theoretical foundation for exploring the research of entrepreneurship that affects innovation.
Preliminary Investigation of the Integrated Evaluation Model based on Random Forest Method
Authors: Yang Mei , Zhou Jun
Published: June 2021

With the deepening of reforms, as the closing year of the “Modern Vocational Education System Construction Plan (2014-2020)”, it has witnessed the development of vocational education. Its development trend is “only specialization” and “light basic courses”. Currently, the random forest method is very popular. This method forms a “forest” by building many decision trees, and votes on multiple trees to make decisions. This method can improve the classification accuracy of new samples effectively and it is more suitable for the research proposed. Random forest evaluation model has three functions: formative, diagnostic and summative. This paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation model for basic courses to make the evaluation more standardized, comprehensive and operability. And this evaluation system can supervise all stages of teaching.
Standard economic benefit evaluation of innovation-oriented enterprises——A case study of S enterprise
Authors: Zhang Jingjuan , Zhang Xinliang , Yu Fan
Published: June 2021

More and more innovation-oriented enterprises pay attention to standardization, but how much benefit standards can bring to the production and operation of enterprises is a matter of concern to managers. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the impact of standards on the economic benefits of these enterprises. This paper takes S enterprise as an example to evaluate the impact of standards on its economic benefits.
Ecological engineering approaches to restoring the aquatic biological community of an urban pond ecosystem and its effects on water quality ‑ a case study of the urban Xixi National Wetland Park in China
Authors: Liu Fang , Lu Jianbo
Published: June 2021

There is a global increase in urbanization, which contributes to the loss and fragmentation of urban wetland and pond habitats. Urban ponds have an important role in the ecology of urban areas, as they provide essential habitats for aquatic species. The objective of this study is to demonstrate ecological engineering approaches to restoring aquatic biological communities in an urban pond ecosystem, which can be used to achieve water purification of such ecosystems globally. The general approach of first cleaning out the ponds and then systematically applying different treatments of plants and fish was designed and implemented in the field. We used three replicated ponds per engineering treatment to determine which of the treatments was the best option based on an assessment of water quality and biological indicators. The main findings of this study were as follows: a combination of aquatic animals and aquatic plants can provide the best water purification performance; furthermore, macrobenthos, such as Bellamya purificata, can be used as biological indicator species for monitoring dominant species and water quality in a local urban pond ecosystem. In conclusion, maintaining biological species diversity over different trophic levels can provide the best water purification performance in urban pond ecosystems.
Perioperatives Management – Aufgaben und Bedeutung von speziell geschulten Pflegekräften
Authors: Koch Franziska , Green Martina , Dietrich Melanie , Moikow Lutz , Pontau Frauke , Ulmer Stefanie , Dietrich Niels , Ritz Jörg-Peter
Published: June 2021

Moderne perioperative Behandlungskonzepte legen großen Wert auf eine aktive Rolle der Patienten. Um dies zu ermöglichen, ist eine intensive Patientenbegleitung notwendig. Aus dieser Notwendigkeit heraus hat sich die Position der ERAS®-Nurse entwickelt. Sie ist der primäre Ansprechpartner für den Patienten vor, während und nach der Operation. Die konzeptionelle Erstellung und fortwährende Weiterentwicklung eines ERAS-Konzeptes mag vor allem ärztliche Tätigkeit sein, die tagtägliche Arbeit am Patienten und die Füllung des Konzeptes mit Leben wird jedoch vor allem durch eine ERAS-Nurse bewerkstelligt. Ihre Hauptaufgaben liegen in der präoperativen Patientenaufklärung, der täglichen Visitation der Patienten während des stationären Aufenthaltes, dem Ausfüllen der Dokumentation, der fortwährenden Kommunikation mit Pflegekräften und dem Monitoring der Einhaltung der ERAS-Vorgaben aller beteiligten Teammitglieder. Entsprechend wichtig ist es, die Position der
ERAS-Nurse zu schaffen und sie als wertiges Mitglied ins Team zu integrieren. Im folgenden Artikel, der auf unseren Erfahrungen als zertifiziertes ERAS-Zentrum beruht, wird das Berufsbild umfänglich vorgestellt, einschl. Aufgaben, Bedeutung und Lösungsvorschlägen für gängige Probleme.
Multi-expert annotation of Crohn’s disease images of the small bowel for automatic detection using a convolutional recurrent attention neural network
Authors: de Maissin Astrid , Vallée Remi , Flamant Mathurin , Fondain-Bossiere Marie , Berre Catherine Le , Coutrot Antoine , Normand Nicolas , Mouchère Harold , Coudol Sandrine , Trang Caroline , Bourreille Arnaud
Published: June 2021

Background and study aims Computer-aided diagnostic tools using deep neural networks are efficient for detection of lesions in endoscopy but require a huge number of images. The impact of the quality of annotation has not been tested yet. Here we describe a multi-expert annotated dataset of images extracted from capsules from Crohn’s disease patients and the impact of the quality of annotations on the accuracy of a recurrent attention neural network.

Methods Images of capsule were annotated by a reader first and then reviewed by three experts in inflammatory bowel disease. Concordance analysis between experts was evaluated by Fleiss’ kappa and all the discordant images were, again, read by all the endoscopists to obtain a consensus annotation. A recurrent attention neural network developed for the study was tested before and after the consensus annotation. Available neural networks (ResNet and VGGNet) were also tested under the same conditions.

Results The final dataset included 3498 images with 2124 non-pathological (60.7 %), 1360 pathological (38.9 %), and 14 (0.4 %) inconclusive. Agreement of the experts was good for distinguishing pathological and non-pathological images with a kappa of 0.79 (P < 0.0001). The accuracy of our classifier and the available neural networks increased after the consensus annotation with a precision of 93.7 %, sensitivity of 93 %, and specificity of 95 %.

Conclusions The accuracy of the neural network increased with improved annotations, suggesting that the number of images needed for the development of these systems could be diminished using a well-designed dataset.
New Therapeutic Strategies in Advanced Nonoperable or Metastatic HER2-positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Lüftner Diana , Peipp Matthias
Published: June 2021

Despite therapeutic gains in the treatment of HER2-positive (HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) advanced/metastatic breast cancer, there remains an urgent need for more effective treatment options. At present, there is no definitive approved standard therapy beyond second-line treatment. One of the major challenges is overcoming treatment resistance. Depending on the underlying resistance mechanism, different strategies are being pursued for new innovative treatment concepts in HER2-positive breast cancer. Specifically designed antibodies for targeted therapy are one important focus to successfully meet these challenges. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd, DS-8201a), an optimised antibody drug conjugate (ADC) is in clinical trials, showing promising outcomes in patients with advanced, nonoperable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who had already undergone intensive prior treatment. Based on this data, T-DXd has already been approved in the US and Japan for HER2-positive advanced nonoperable and metastatic breast cancer – in the US after at least two prior anti-HER2 targeted treatment lines and in Japan after prior chemotherapy. T-DXd represents successful “antibody engineering”. Since the beginning of the year, T-DXd has also been approved in Europe as monotherapy for inoperable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer in patients who are pretreated with at least two anti-HER2 directed therapies. This paper presents strategies for improving treatment options in advanced nonoperable and metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer, with the development of T-DXd as an example.
Reliability of the Endoscopic Ultrasound Ulcerative Colitis (EUS-UC) score for assessment of inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yan Brian M. , Sey Michael S.L. , Belletrutti Paul , Brahm Gary , Guizzetti Leonardo , Jairath Vipul
Published: June 2021

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) may be a useful modality for disease assessment and risk stratification in ulcerative colitis. We assessed the reliability of a newly developed EUS index of inflammation called the EUS-Ulcerative Colitis (EUS-UC) score.

Patients and methods The EUS-UC score components include total wall thickness, hyperemia, and depth of inflammation (DOI). Three blinded expert endosonographers assessed EUS videos of 58 patients with UC in triplicate. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of the hyperemia and DOI component scores were estimated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). Total wall thickness reliability estimates could not be assessed in this study. The ICCs were compared to the original indices from which they were derived.

Results For hyperemia, the inter-class ICC was “moderate” at 0.556 (95 % CI = 0.434–0.651) and the intra class ICC was “almost perfect” at 0.884 (95 % CI = 0.835–0.920). The newly defined hyperemia score performed better than the original index from which is was derived. The DOI inter-class ICC was “fair” at 0.335 (95 % CI = 0.201–0.464), and the intra-class ICC was “substantial” at 0.732 (95 % CI = 0.642–0.802). The DOI reliability estimates were similar to the original index from which it was derived.

Conclusions The hyperemia component of the EUS-UC score performed significantly better than the original index from which it was derived, but the reliability of the DOI component was suboptimal. Intra-class correlation was excellent for both components. The EUS-UC score is a promising instrument for assessment of UC and further validation is required.
Patterns and Trends of Herbal Medicine Use among Patients with Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Theuser Anna-Katharin , Hack Carolin C. , Fasching Peter A. , Antoniadis Sophia , Grasruck Katharina , Wasner Sonja , Knoll Stefanie , Sievers Hartwig , Beckmann Matthias W. , Thiel Falk C.
Published: June 2021

Background More and more information about complementary and integrative medicine is becoming available, especially among cancer patients. However, little is known about the use of herbal medicine by patients with gynecologic cancers. This study aimed to assess the use of herbal products by gynecologic cancer patients compared with healthy controls.

Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department for Gynecology and Obstetrics of Erlangen University Hospital and included 201 patients with gynecologic cancer and 212 healthy controls. Use of herbal medicines was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire. Medical information on cancer patients was collected from hospital records. Group comparisons were done using a logistic regression model. Risk ratios were assessed using a Poisson regression model.

Results Gynecologic cancer patients used herbal medicine significantly less often than healthy persons. 69% of gynecologic cancer patients and 81% of healthy participants reported using herbal products. 40% of cancer patients and 56% of healthy persons reported using plants for medicinal purposes. Motives of cancer patients for using herbal medicine included treatment of cancer-related symptoms. The major source of information for both groups was family and friends.

Conclusions Although herbal medicine was used less by patients with gynecologic cancer, herbal products were used by both cancer patients and healthy individuals. To provide cancer patients with optimal therapy, oncologists should be informed about the herbal products used by their patients as this will allow them to take their patientsʼ self-medication with herbal medicine into account. Counseling by oncologists on the use of herbal medicine should be encouraged.
Tradução e adaptação transcultural para a língua portuguesa do Questionário Banff para Instabilidade Patelar
Authors: Galvão Pedro Henrique Schmidt Alves Ferreira , Marques Dayane Screpante , Gracitelli Guilherme Conforto , Ferreira Marcio de Castro , Kubota Marcelo Seiji , Franciozi Carlos Eduardo da Silveira
Published: June 2021

Objetivo Realizar a tradução para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil e a adaptação transcultural do questionário Banff para Instabilidade Patelar.

Métodos A tradução e adaptação transcultural seguiu o processo de validação linguístico proposto por diretrizes internacionais, que consiste em seis etapas: tradução, síntese, retrotradução, revisão pelo comitê de especialistas, pré-teste, e apresentação do relatório final aos autores do questionário original. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes alfabetizados, com diagnóstico de instabilidade patelar recorrente, com mais de 12 anos de idade, que assinaram ou tiveram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido assinado por um responsável legal. Foram excluídos do estudo pacientes portadores de comorbidades neurológicas ou sistêmicas.

Resultados Um total de 62 pacientes (18 homens e 44 mulheres) foram incluídos no estudo. Durante os processos de tradução e harmonização das retrotraduções, foram observadas discrepâncias, que foram modificadas sem necessidade de reformulação. Não foram necessárias substituições na versão do pré-teste.

Conclusão O Questionário Banff para Instabilidade Patelar foi traduzido e adaptado transculturalmente para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil com sucesso, podendo ser utilizado para a avaliação de pacientes portadores de instabilidade patelar falantes desta língua.
Rates of and Risk Factors for Trigger Finger after Open Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Raducha Jeremy E. , Jiang Winston , Kahan Lindsey , Dove James Houston , Cochran Christopher , Weiss Arnold-Peter C.
Published: June 2021

Background We have anecdotally noticed a higher rate of trigger fingers (TFs) developing in patients who have undergone carpal tunnel release (CTR).

Questions/Objective Is the rate of TFs after CTR greater compared to the nonoperative hand? Is the thumb more commonly involved postoperatively compared with spontaneous TFs? Do particular associated comorbidities increase this risk?

Patients and Methods We queried our institutional database for patients who had undergone open CTR during a 2-year period and recorded the development of an ipsilateral TF after a CTR or a contralateral TF in the nonoperative hand. Patient demographics, comorbidities, concurrent initial procedures, time to diagnosis, and finger involvement were recorded.

Results A total of 435 patients underwent 556 CTRs during this period. Furthermore, 46 ipsilateral TFs developed in 38 of 556 cases (6.83%) at an average of 228.1 ± 195.7 days after surgery. The thumb was most commonly involved (37.0%) followed by the ring finger (28.3%). The incidence rate of TF in the nonoperative hand during this period was 2.7%, with the ring finger and middle finger most commonly involved (33.3 and 28.6%, respectively). Only history of prior TF in either hand was found to be a significantly associated on Chi-square analysis and multivariable regression (p < 0.001).

Conclusion In patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, ipsilateral TFs occurred after 6.83% of CTRs, compared with a rate of 2.7% in the nonoperative hand, making it an important possible outcome to discuss with patients. The thumb was more commonly involved in triggering in the surgical hand compared with the nonoperative hand. Patients with a history of prior TFs in either hand were more likely to develop an ipsilateral TF after CTR.

Level of Evidence This is a Level III, retrospective study.
Navigating cross-border institutional complexity: A review and assessment of multinational nonmarket strategy research
Authors: Sun Pei , Doh Jonathan P. , Rajwani Tazeeb , Siegel Donald
Published: June 2021

Multinational enterprises are deeply engaged in nonmarket strategy (NMS), including both corporate political activity (CPA) and strategic corporate social responsibility (SCSR). In this review, we document the multinational NMS research according to contributions’ theme, method, context, theory, and level of analysis. We then develop an institutional multiplicity framework to organize our analysis of this large and fragmented body of literature. In so doing, we identify the most impactful contributions within three major themes – multinational CPA, multinational SCSR, and the integration of CPA and SCSR – and their respective subthemes, and call attention to limitations in the extant research. We also highlight promising avenues for future research, including expanding the scope of NMS to incorporate microfoundations research, integrating macrolevel scholarship on global institutions, placing greater attention on the interaction between CPA and SCSR, and incorporating multi-actor global issues and movements. Our review underscores the growing importance and missed opportunities of NMS research in the international business field.
Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and Q-space weighting filter for ×3 CD-extraction accuracy improvement
Authors: Tsuji Yukihide , Kim Doyun , Yoo Gwangsu , Hwang ByungHyun , Kim Kwanghoon , Lee Donhwan , Sasai Yoshinori , Yi Shinwook , Jeong Jaehoon , Ihm Dongchul , Jun ChungSam , Kim Dae Sin
Published: June 2021

A small angle x-ray scattering simulator has been developed for metrology and inspection applications based on the first Born approximation considering non-ideal equipment-related factors. The simulator shows good reproducibility in various device structures and measurement environments, including slit-configurations and incident angles. In addition, a Q-space adaptive weighting method is proposed to enhance about 300% accuracy, especially on non-single repeated pitch structures such as VNAND with complex x-ray diffraction patterns.
A large beam high efficiency radio frequency neutron spin flipper
Authors: Chen W. C. , Erwin R. , Tsai P. , Hassan Md. T. , Hadad N. , Majkrzak C. F.
Published: June 2021

A design for a radio frequency (RF) neutron spin flipper obtained from magneto-static and neutron spin transport simulations is presented. The RF flipper constructed from this design provides a flipping probability of 0.999 or better for a beam size 6 cm wide and 15 cm high and a wavelength band between 0.4 and 0.6 nm. Three permanent magnet guide field sections with air gaps provide a linear field gradient along the beam propagation direction over a large cross-sectional area. An RF oscillator based on coupling the resonant coil of a Hartley oscillator to the excitation coil was developed, which provides a higher current and, thereby, a larger RF amplitude, as compared to a conventional RF power amplifier. Two opaque He3 neutron spin filters were employed to measure the flipping probability of the flipper with very high precision. A spatially uniform flipping probability of 0.9995(2) or higher was measured over the large cross-sectional area neutron guide. This RF neutron spin flipper will be employed in a polychromatic beam reflectometer at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research. This design can be applied to other polarized neutron instruments or applications requiring a very high continuous flipping probability of the neutron spin for a large cross-sectional area beam.
In situ Y2O3 on p-In0.53Ga0.47As—Attainment of low interfacial trap density and thermal stability at high temperatures
Authors: Lin Y. H. G. , Wan H. W. , Young L. B. , Liu J. , Cheng Y. T. , Lin K. Y. , Hong Y. J. , Wu C. T. , Kwo J. , Hong M.
Published: June 2021

By in situ depositing Y2O3 on a pristine p-In0.53Ga0.47As surface under ultra-high vacuum, we have attained a low interfacial trap density (Dit) of (2–5) × 1011 eV−1cm−2 from the mid-gap to the valence band edge. The Dit values were extracted from the conductance contours measured from 300 K to 77 K. The small frequency dispersions of 1.2%/dec (300 K) and 0.28%/dec (77 K) in the accumulation region of the capacitance–voltage (CV) characteristics and very small frequency-dependent flatband voltage shifts of 0.021 V/dec (300 K) and 0.011 V/dec (77 K) indicate low border trap densities and low Dit's; these experimental results have not been achieved in previous reports of oxide/p-In0.53Ga0.47As. The Y2O3/p-In0.53Ga0.47As heterostructure also exhibited a high thermal stability of 800 °C, as observed by the low Dit values, small CV frequency dispersions, and an abrupt interface without inter-diffusion in cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy images. Our work has demonstrated a long-sought remedy for the effective passivation of p-type In0.53Ga0.47As, paving the way to high-performance electronic and optoelectronic In0.53Ga0.47As devices.
Perspective on integrating machine learning into computational chemistry and
materials science
Authors: Westermayr Julia , Gastegger Michael , Schütt Kristof T. , Maurer Reinhard J.
Published: June 2021

Machine learning (ML) methods are being used in almost every conceivable area of electronic structure theory and molecular simulation. In particular, ML has become firmly established in the construction of high-dimensional interatomic potentials. Not a day goes by without another proof of principle being published on how ML methods can represent and predict quantum mechanical properties—be they observable, such as molecular polarizabilities, or not, such as atomic charges. As ML is becoming pervasive in electronic structure theory and molecular simulation, we provide an overview of how atomistic computational modeling is being transformed by the incorporation of ML approaches. From the perspective of the practitioner in the field, we assess how common workflows to predict structure, dynamics, and spectroscopy are affected by ML. Finally, we discuss how a tighter and lasting integration of ML methods with computational chemistry and materials science can be achieved and what it will mean for research practice, software development, and postgraduate training.
Miniaturized USB-powered multi-channel module for gamma spectroscopy and imaging
Authors: Buonanno Luca , Di Vita Davide , Carminati Marco , Camera Franco , Fiorini Carlo
Published: June 2021

LAILA is a miniaturized eight-channel electronic readout system for compact γ-ray detectors, combining high-resolution spectroscopy capability with position sensitivity. Compactness is achieved by the combination of a novel CMOS front-end ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) for analog processing of a large signal current from Silicon PhotoMultiplier (SiPM) solid-state photodetectors, with a microcontroller-based data acquisition system. The adoption of automatic gain regulation in the gated-integrator stage of the ASIC offers an 84 dB dynamic range, combining single-photon sensitivity with an extended input photon energy range (20 keV–4 MeV, using 30 μm-cell SiPMs). Using this module with properly merged 144 SiPM pixels coupled to a 3 in.-thick lanthanum bromide scintillation crystal, a 3% energy resolution at 662 keV and 1 cm spatial resolution in the estimation of the interaction coordinates are experimentally demonstrated in this work.
Sparse signal recovery based on adaptive algorithms for debris detector
Authors: Xue Bingsen , Zhang Xingming , Xu Yunzhe , Li Yehui , Zhang Hongpeng , Yu Changli
Published: June 2021

Inductive debris sensors are generally used in online debris detection and perform well in monitoring the wear condition of rotating facilities. The detection accuracy is restricted by the superposition and noise of the impedance signal. From the perspective of machine learning, superposition is underfitting and noise is overfitting, and both are caused by inappropriate model complexity. Therefore, a series of machine learning approaches is proposed in this paper to devise a sparse signal processing model that can adapt to model complexity. We propose that the algorithm applied to debris detection can recover the impulse signals from the impedance signals and help determine the material and the size of the debris. Numerical simulations are carried out to prove that the superposition resolution is 0.6 half-wave width and has the ability to resist noise with a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 10 dB. With the test results, we demonstrate how the proposed method can solve superposition and resist noise.
InAsSb-based detectors on GaSb for near-room-temperature operation in the mid-wave infrared
Authors: Craig A. P. , Letka V. , Carmichael M. , Golding T. , Marshall A. R.
Published: June 2021

III-Sb barrier detectors suitable for the mid-wave infrared were grown on GaSb by molecular beam epitaxy. Using both bulk-InAsSb and an InAsSb–InAs strained layer superlattice, operation close to room temperature was demonstrated with cutoff wavelengths of 4.82 and 5.79 μm, respectively, with zero-bias operation possible for the bulk-InAsSb detector. X-ray diffraction, temperature dependent dark current, and spectral quantum efficiency were measured, and an analysis based on calculated specific detectivity was carried out. 1/f noise effects are considered. Results indicate that these optimized devices may be suitable as alternatives to InSb, or even HgCdTe, for many applications, especially where available power is limited.