bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of MB2 in maxillary first and second molars in Gujarati population
Authors: Chaudhary Nimisha , Kalburge Vaishali , Shah Dharmendra , Prajapati Ketan , Thakkar Malvi , Thakkar Rohit
Published: June 2022

Aim:

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first and second molars.

Materials and Methods:

Maxillary fifty first molars and fifty second molars were collected and embedded into plaster blocks. The teeth were photographed digitally from the occlusal aspect using a stereomicroscope under standard (×8) magnification. The occlusal portions of crowns were then sectioned at cement–enamel junction with slow-speed diamond disk. To gain straight line visibility, overhung dentin over the canal orifices was removed with safe-tip diamond bur. Once again, the teeth were photographed from their occlusal aspect under the same magnification and exposure conditions.

Results:

MB2 canals were detected 76% and 64% in first and second molars, respectively.
Comparative evaluation of crestal bone level between alumina-blasted /acid –etched surface treated implant and calcium phosphate surface treated implant”- an in vivo study
Authors: Kumar Gattu Balram Pramod , Chakravarthy A. Kalyan , Chary Nukalamarri Om Brahma Prasad , Amulya Kukutla Sai , Babu Kumbham Kiran , Poleypally Deepika
Published: June 2022

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the crestal bone level between alumina-blasted/acid-etched (AB/AE) surface-treated implant and calcium phosphate surface-treated implant” based on the radiological examination.

Materials and Methods:

An in vivo study was undertaken to evaluate the crestal bone loss on mesial and distal aspects of implants categorized into two groups with different surface treatments, Group A: AB/AE surface-treated implant and Group B: calcium phosphate surface-treated implant using standardized intraoral periapical at three different intervals, i.e., immediately after implant placement, at the end of 3, and 6 months after placing the implants. Statistical tests used were Student's unpaired t-test and ANOVA.

Results:

The bone loss was measured, and values were recorded immediately after implant placement, 3, and 6 months of placement.

Conclusions:

The use of calcium phosphate surface-treated implants minimizes crestal bone loss compared to AB/AE. This may increase the longevity of implants.
Effect of Nitya virechana before intrauterine insemination
Authors: Dixit Neha , Dhiman Kamini
Published: June 2022

In modern medical science, diagnosis and treatment are based on a direct vision which is made by a number of diagnostic tests. When infertility evaluation failed to detect any cause of infertility, it is called “Unexplained Infertility.” Intra-uterine insemination (IUI) is a basic treatment option in such unexplained cases. In Ayurvedic classics, Ritu (~menstruation), Kshetra (~uterus), Ambu (~nutrition), and Beeja (~ovum and/or sperm) are described as essential factors for conception. Adequate physiological functioning of these factors is also necessary with the absence of causative factors to achieve conception. Along with that normal psychology is also described as an important aspect for conception. A 35-year-old female presented to Stree Roga Evum Prasuti Tantra OPD, on December 2019 with chief complaints of long-standing unexplained infertility. The patient was advised IUI along with Ayurvedic management. Vata is a principle Dosha in Vandhyatva (~infertility) and Mridu sanshodhana (~mild purification) described as a line of treatment to treat vitiated Vata dosha. Virechana is also maintained for “Agarbha” Stree (~infertile woman). Hence, the patient was treated with Nitya virechana (~daily therapeutic purgation) by Eranda sneha (~castor oil). Eranda sneha maintains Agni (~digestive power) and normalizes Vata dosha by Vata anulomana karma (~carminatives). It also affects the psychological status of the patient by Medhya (~intellect power) and Smritikara (~improving memory) properties. This concept was followed in this case to manage infertility. After the second cycle of IUI, urine pregnancy was achieved in April 2020, and delivered a healthy male baby in November 2020.
Ayurvedic management of Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis with Agadayogas
Authors: Nandakumar Anjali
Published: June 2022

Bhallataka (Semecarpus anacardium Linn.) is a drug mentioned under Upavisha varga belonging to Anacardiaceae family. It is known to produce potential and sometimes life-threatening anaphylaxis. The utility of Agada yogas in cases of hypersensitive allergic responses due to contact, particularly urushiol-induced contact dermatitis, is magnified in this case report. A 23-year-old male patient with clinical presentation of blisters associated with burning sensation and itching over both the hands with a history of contact with marking nut tree is presented here. The case was treated with Ayurvedic approaches and formulations such as Vibhitaki twak (bark of Terminalia bellirica Linn.), Kottamthagaradi agada, Bilwadi agada, Punarnavasava, and Avipattikara churna, which gave a successful and satisfactory result within a short span of time.
A report on the management of Galaganda (colloid multinodular goiter) through Ayurveda approaches
Authors: Sharma Anshu , Rai Shalini , More Anand
Published: June 2022

Multinodular goiter (MNG) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting the thyroid gland with a higher prevalence in the female population. It may be due to abnormalities of iodine supplies or metabolism or dyshormonogenesis, resulting in nodules of different sizes filled with colloid-rich material. This case report documents the successful management of Galaganda (~colloid MNG [Bethesda Grade 2]) with Ayurvedic oral medicines. A 60-year-old female, with chief complaints of Galashotha (~swelling in the throat), Sankocha (~tightness and tense feeling in the neck), Amlapitta (~hyperacidity), Vibaddhata (~constipation), and Aadhmana (~gas formation) has visited for the Ayurvedic treatment for her condition in September 2018. She was administered Ayurveda treatment based on the principles of Deepana–pachana (~improving the digestion and metabolism), Sroto shodhana (~cleansing of the bowel and circulatory channels), Sanshamana (~pacifying treatment), and Satwavajaya chikitsa (~patient counseling). Based on the condition, Amarasundari vati, Vridhivadhika vati, Kanchanara kashayam and a herbo-mineral compound in capsule form along with a regulated diet and lifestyle were prescribed for the initial three months. The patient showed improvement in subjective and objective parameters with improvement in quality of life. However, since recurrences are commonly reported in MNG, the medicines were continued for a period of 12 months. No side effects have been observed during the therapeutic period. The patient was followed up for another 12 months and no recurrences have been noted even after stopping the treatment.
Application of thermoelectric cooling module for sampling of tritium in air
Authors: Kumar Lokesh , Shreenivas V. , Sood Saurav , Ashokkumar P. , Sharma Ranjit , Kulkarni M. S.
Published: June 2022

The sampling and measurement of airborne tritium is an essential component of workplace monitoring at heavy water handling facilities and nuclear reactors using heavy water as coolant and moderator. Tritium being an internal hazard, its workplace monitoring and assessment of internal exposure of workers is a regulatory requirement for the facility. The conventional tritium air sample collection methods are condensation, bubbling, and trapping with appropriate media such as dry ice, water, and desiccants, respectively. A novel method for rapid collection of moisture in the air for the estimation of tritium is presented and discussed in this article. It involves condensation of tritium oxide in the air using a commercially available thermoelectric cooling module which has removed uncertainty in the availability of dry ice or desiccant. The instrument is capable of collecting 2–3 ml of sample in 30 min at a relative humidity level of about 60% and temperature of about 25.5°C. The quantity of sample collected is sufficient for the estimation of tritium concentration in air. The Peltier module-based low-cost, simple, and reliable system has been successfully implemented for workplace tritium in air sampling at radiological facilities.
Psychological Aspects of Care in Cancer Patients in the Last Weeks/Days of Life
Authors: Ann-Yi Sujin , Bruera Eduardo
Published: June 2022

Palliative care is comprised of an interdisciplinary team (IDT) approach with members from different disciplines who collaboratively work together to reduce multidimensional components of pain and suffering and improve quality of life for patients coping with a terminal illness. Psychosocial team members are integral to the palliative care IDT and provide expertise in assessment and empirically validated interventions to address psychological distress. The following paper will provide a review of different facets of psychological distress experienced by advanced cancer patients such as psychological disorders, existential distress, spiritual distress, caregiver distress, parental distress, and grief. Finally, an overview of commonly used screening and assessment tools as well as psychological interventions relevant for the palliative care population is presented.
Hospital incidence and mortality of patients treated for abdominal aortic aneurysms in Switzerland – a secondary analysis of Swiss DRG statistics data
Authors: Meuli Lorenz , Menges Anna-Leonie , Steigmiller Klaus , Kuehnl Andreas , Reutersberg Benedikt , Held Ulrike , Zimmermann Alexander
Published: June 2022

AIM OF THE STUDY: To analyse hospital incidence and in-hospital mortality of patients treated for abdominal aortic aneurysms in Switzerland.
METHODS: Secondary data analysis of case-related hospital discharge data of the Swiss Federal Statistical Office for the years 2009–2018. Patients who were hospitalised and surgically treated for nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms or hospitalised and treated for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms were included in the analysis. Standardised annual incidences rates were calculated using the European standard population 2013. In-hospital all-cause mortality rates were calculated as raw values and standardised for age, sex, and the van Walraven comorbidity score.
RESULTS: A total of 10,728 cases were included in this study, of which 87.1% were male. Overall, 22.7% of the patients presented with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm; 46% of these cases were surgically treated whereas 54% received conservative therapy. The age-standardised cumulative hospital incidences for treatment of nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms were 2.6 (95% confidence interval 2.5–2.8) and 19.7 (19.2–20.1) per 100,000 for women and men, respectively; for ruptured aneurysms it was 0.4 (0.3–2.4) per 100,000 in women, and 2.7 (2.6–2.9) in men. The annual incidence rates were stable in the decade observed. The adjusted mortality rates for treatment of nonruptured aneurysms decreased from 5.5% (2.6–11.2%) in 2009 to 1.4% (0.5–3.6%) in 2018 in women, and from 2.4% (1.3–4.5%) in 2009 to 0.6% (0.2–1.5%) in 2018 in men. The adjusted mortality rates for treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms remained high without relevant improvements for either sex over time: for women 32.4% (24.1–42.1%), for men 19.7% (16.8–22.8%).
CONCLUSIONS: The hospital incidence rates for nonruptured and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms remained unchanged in the decade observed. Compared with Germany, there was no evidence for a decrease in the annual incidence rates for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms in Switzerland. Mortality rates in the elective setting were low and decreased in the last decade but remained high in patients treated for ruptured aneurysms. Efforts to reduce the incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms are needed to reduce aneurysm-related mortality in Switzerland.
Problematika Penyelesaian Sengketa di Pengadilan Pajak Dalam Rangka Perwujudan Peradilan Sederhana, Cepat, dan Biaya Ringan
Authors: Sasanti Dyah Nur , Hetty Tri Kusuma Indah
Published: June 2022

Pengadilan Pajak sebagai bagian dalam sistem kekuasaan kehakiman juga menerapkan asas peradilan sederhana, cepat, dan biaya ringan. Prosedur sederhana ditujukan demi mempercepat waktu penyelesaian sengketa yang sehingga dapat meringankan biaya yang harus ditanggung. Namun pada praktiknya, di tahun 2019 setiap majelis pada bulan Januari 2020 tercatat 3.427 sengketa yang menjadi tunggakan. Hal tersebut menggambarkan adanya permasalahan dalam penyelesaian sengketa dan belum terwujudnya peradilan sederhana, cepat, dan biaya ringan.  Permasalahan yaitu apa penyebab banyaknya sengketa yang menjadi tunggakan, serta akibat hukum yang ditimbulkannya? dan upaya apa yang dapat ditempuh agar tidak terjadi tunggakan sengketa di Pengadilan Pajak sehingga peradilan sederhana, cepat, dan biaya ringan dapat terwujud. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisa penyebab banyaknya sengketa yang menjadi tunggakan, serta akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian hukum sosiologi/empiris. Hasil analisis mencatat adanya 4.061 sengketa yang menjadi tunggakan pada bulan Juli 2020. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hal tersebut disebabkan oleh jumlah hakim yang tidak sebanding dengan jumlah sengketa, tingkat kesulitan sengketa yang sangat beragam, pembuktian yang rumit, banyaknya berkas bukti yang harus diperiksa, ketidaksiapan para pihak untuk menjalani proses persidangan, pemanggilan para pihak dan/atau saksi-saksi yang memerlukan waktu lama, dan dilakukannya pembatasan bahkan peniadaan persidangan selama pandemi global Covid-19.
Efektivitas Penyelesaian Sengketa Oleh Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) Jakarta Melalui Proses Konsiliasi
Authors: Suherman  , Shinta Dwi Enggraini
Published: June 2022

Penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dapat dilakukan dengan tiga cara yaitu mediasi, konsiliasi dan arbitrase. Akan tetapi, cara konsiliasi sangat minim dipilih oleh konsumen dan dianggap kurang efektif. Permasalahan yang dibahas adalah bagaimana hambatan yang dihadapi BPSK Jakarta dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa konsumen? dan bagaimana efektivitas penyelesaian sengketa konsumen secara konsiliasi di BPSK Jakarta.. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisa proses penyelesaian sengketa melalui konsiliasi di BPSK dan efektifitas proses konsiliasi dalam penyelesaian sengketa konsumen melalui BPSK. Kegunaan penelitian ada lah untuk dapat dijadikan acuan dalam rangka perbaikan proses konsiliasi di BPSK agar menjadi lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan proses yang lainnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode normative empiris. Hasil analisa bahwa proses konsiliasi dimulai dengan pengaduan, dilakukan prasidang dan barulah dilaksanakan sidang untuk membacakan putusan. Faktor-faktor penghambat BPSK Jakarta dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa konsumen adalah sengketa yang diadukan bukan wewenang BPSK Jakarta; memakan waktu yang relatif lama; ketidakhadiran salah satu pihak; konsumen bukan merupakan konsumen akhir, dan; keterbatasan fasilitas. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsiliasi dinilai kurang efektif untuk penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dikarenakan peran konsiliator yang bersifat pasif sehingga tidak diperkenankan untuk memaksa para pihak untuk hadir dalam persidangan, memberikan saran, arahan serta petunjuk yang mengakibatkan masih sulitnya mencapai suatu keputusan.
Why Does Intelligence Fail Yet We All Have to Learn from Mistakes?
Authors: Margoev A. R.
Published: June 2022

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Victories and Losses of the USA and Russia in Asymmetric Conflicts at 21st Century
Authors: Deriglazova L. V.
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the features of armed confl icts at the beginning of the 21st century through the prism of the theory of asymmetric confl ict. Within the framework of the theory, basic and accompanying asymmetries are distinguished, which determine the reasons for the political, rather than military, defeat of developed countries in wars against relatively weak opponents. At the beginning of the 21st century most of the armed confl icts have pronounced signs of multiple asymmetries that aff ect the course and outcome of confl icts. On the basis of the theory, several important aspects can be distinguished that should be taken into account by the military and politicians when planning and conducting military operations. Among them: the legitimacy of military operations from the point of view of international law, neutralization of anti-war sentiments, minimization of losses of military personnel, ensuring the safety of the population in the war zone. Foreign analytics is characterized by a focus on the reasons for the failures of the United States and other Western states in military operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, and Syria. Among the reasons for the failures are a lack of understanding of the culture and characteristics of the countries where hostilities are conducted, the regime of occupation, and attempts at nation-building. Some foreign experts note that the Russian Federation is much more successful in participating in asymmetric confl icts of the 21st century. Among Russian military experts, there is a noticeable interest in developing an “asymmetric war” strategy in the framework of the geopolitical confrontation with the countries of the West. The tendency to develop non-contact methods of warfare and the involvement of private military companies to neutralize anti-war sentiments and minimize losses of military personnel has a universal character. At the same time, the problem of non-selectivity of such methods of warfare and their compliance with international law is becoming more and more acute. The theory of asymmetric confl ict is a theory of international relations, which main assumptions are are useful for politicians and the military to take into account in the process of deciding on the start of hostilities and the possibility of achieving political goals by military means, and not just for fi nding victorious strategies in asymmetric confl icts.
“Inevitable” and “Imminent” Invasions: The Logic Behind Western Media War Stories
Authors: Simons G.
Published: June 2022

In the 21st century, great power geopolitics is back as the Western-centric U.S. unipolar order is facing relative decline due to the challenges posed by the non-Western-centric multipolar order, specifi cally by China and Russia. In political and practical terms, geopolitics is about being able to manage and represent the nature of international relations in terms of actor relations and power dynamics. It concerns the ability of actors to make representations and interpretations of actors, events, and processes taking place in the physical realm. Informational geopolitics as an indirect and non-kinetic form of competition and confl ict has gained increasing prominence in the 21st century, where information and knowledge form the fi fth dimension of strategy. This leads to increasingly unstable international relations as the U.S. seeks to prevent other powers from growing at its expense. Hence, the critical role played by Western mainstream mass media outlets as a means of obstructive foreign policy in preserving the unipolar order through specifi c discursive practices employed in international news. Critical discourse analysis is used to analyse and interpret Western news stories on “inevitable” and “imminent” Chinese and Russian invasions. Informational geopolitics is used as a means of limiting opponent’s operational choices and opportunities in their pursuit of foreign policy objectives.
Community pharmacists’ opinions on their palliative care education needs and preferences of delivery of an educational programme: A qualitative study
Authors: Flannery Maedhbh , Carmichael Ann , Bermingham Margaret , Murphy Kevin
Published: June 2022

Background: The provision of medication and pharmaceutical care is an essential component of palliative care (PC). Lack of education in PC is a barrier to some community pharmacists providing care to PC patients.
Objective: To explore community pharmacists’ understanding of PC, their opinions of their PC education needs and to determine their preferences regarding delivery of a PC education programme.
Method: This study used a qualitative approach by means of semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to select the sample population.
Results: Three main themes were identified when exploring PC education needs; (i) lack of knowledge about palliative care, (ii) role of community pharmacists in palliative care, and (iii) perceived barriers to accessing further education. Community pharmacists’ preferences for the delivery of an education programme were influenced by perceived barriers to accessing further education.
Conclusion: Community pharmacists’ understanding of PC highlighted a knowledge deficit which may be improved with further education.
INFLUÊNCIA PATERNA NO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO: UMA REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
Authors: Isidório Cruz Bráulio Thaís , Bezerra Gomes Emiliana , Feitosa De Matos José Hiago , Juliana De Oliveira Célida , Parente Garcia Alencar Ana Maria , De Sá Barreto Luna Callou Cruz Rachel
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Sistematizar as evidências sobre a influência paterna no aleitamento materno. Método: Scoping review realizada conforme as recomendações do The Joanna Briggs Institute, nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, BIREME e WEB OF SCIENCE. Resultados: A busca resultou em 21 estudos publicados entre os anos de 2015 a 2019, nos idiomas português e inglês. O maior número de publicações foi em 2018, apresentando 33,3% do total. A produção científica obteve maior percentual no Brasil (28,6%), seguida do Canadá (19,04%) e apresentando maior predomínio de estudos de revisão da literatura (24%). Conclusão: O envolvimento paterno na promoção da amamentação trouxe efeitos positivos na intenção, exclusividade e duração do aleitamento materno, além disso, o apoio da figura paterna auxiliou no fornecimento de suporte emocional, proteção ao binômio e motivação para continuidade do aleitar.
Procesos de producción textual: Lectura y escritura crítica para la creación de textos académicos
Authors: Bocanegra Vilcamango Beder , Tello Flores Raquel Yovana , Fernández Celis María del Pilar , Bada Laura Wendy Nelly , Díaz Arévalo Betty Magaly , Noriega Sánchez César Alfredo , Orrego Zapo Julissa del Carmen , Dejo Aguinaga Susan Fabiola , Suclupe Fernández Karina Milagros
Published: June 2022

El libro desarrolla el proceso de producción textual considerando algunas ideas que permiten redactar creativamente, por ello el debate sobre la naturaleza de la información y cómo esta permite o niega la posibilidad de redactar textos académicos. por otro lado, es importante considerar que se trata del análisis de la información utilizando dos capacidades cuya sinergia es importante porque se trata de la cognición que predispone a la redacción. Se trata del análisis de la palabra como una unidad indivisible y sus relaciones con otras dentro de un discurso en el cual se las ideas emergen indistintamente. Tanto el análisis como la síntesis son dos procesos cognitivos que se definen como categorías propias para generar conocimiento; es decir, leer analíticamente implica redactar en la misma perspectiva. Hay momentos en que la síntesis es la consecuencia o al mismo tiempo es el proceso como punto de partida para la redacción, de este modo se puede considerar que redactar textos es la simbiosis categorial del análisis y la síntesis respectivamente. En “Procesos de producción textual. Lectura y escritura crítica para la creación de textos académicos” se considera que el análisis y síntesis son procesos cognitivos de alta demanda cognitiva que asocian el sentido común y el proceso de lectura crítica para crear textos académicos.
Introdução à Geopolítica no Ensino Médio:
Authors: Santos Flavio Luis Assiz dos
Published: June 2022

Este artigo representa um breve esforço no sentido de sistematização da prática docente no desenvolvimento de uma sequência didática (Zabala, 1998), realizada no ano letivo de 2018, no Colégio Estadual David Mendes Pereira, em Salvador/BA, com turmas dos 3º anos, tratando do tema “Introdução à Geopolítica”. O objetivo é compartilhar as atividades da sequência didática relacionado aos Conceitos Fundamentais de Geopolítica, construídas a partir das minhas perspectivas e vivências como professor do Ensino Médio e como geógrafo, para estimular a reflexividade docente com relação ao ensino desse importante campo (inter)disciplinar.

Palavras-chave

Sequência didática, Geopolítica, Ensino Médio, Prática docente,  Reflexividade docente.

 

Introduction to Geopolitics in High School: experience report of a didactic sequence

Abstract

This article represents a brief effort to systematize teaching practice in the development of a didactic sequence (Zabala, 1998), performed in 2018, at Colégio Estadual David Mendes Pereira, in Salvador (Bahia), with senior year students, dealing with the topic “Introduction to Geopolitics”. The goal was to share the activities from the didactic sequence related to the Fundamental Concepts of Geopolitics, built from my perspectives and experiences as a high school teacher and as a geographer to encourage the teacher reflexivity regarding the teaching of this important (inter) disciplinary field.  

Keywords

Didactic Sequence, Geopolitics, High school, Teacher practice, Teacher reflexivity.
WESTMINSTER MODEL OF THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM AND HISTORICAL FORMS OF ITS FEDERALIZATION
Authors: Kozhina Tatyana N. , Petukhov Alexander V.
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the historical transformation of the classical model of parliamentarism in the political systems of federal states of the republican form of government at the present stage of development and reveals the features of its functioning. In legal regulation, the mechanism of representative democracy today has varieties. The oldest, time-tested institution is the classical institution of parliamentarism of the Westminster system. But it has also undergone significant changes in connection with its use in states with a federal structure. The objects of the study are the historical forms of representative democracy in the federal states of the British Commonwealth (Canada, the Commonwealth of Australia and the Indian Union), the subject is the institution of the legislative power of the classical type and the forms of its transformation. The relevance of the topic is due to the search for optimal ways for various states to improve the legislative power in the system of separation of powers, the choice of the most effective legal means and methods of functioning of the parliamentary system. For the Russian Federation, despite the differences between the model of legislative power and the classical one, discussions about the political and legal composition of the legislative power are very important, this was noted by researchers when the constitutional reform of the Russian Federation in 2020 was being developed. Research methods are based on the principles of the dialectical approach, including deductive analysis from the standpoint of a formal legal definition of specific historical and legal facts. An important place is occupied by the method of diachronic and synchronous comparison in identifying the general and specific characteristics in the parliamentary systems of federal states, as well as the method of typology, that is, their comparison with the classical model. Based on the study of factual data and analytical studies, common features of the functioning of the legislative power in federal states that adopted the classical model of representative democracy have been identified. The work features of this system in connection with changes in political processes are indicated, the features of the manifestation of the crisis are revealed. Institutional and legal changes are identified in the course of solving current problems related to the distribution of functions of the upper and lower houses of parliament in the legislative process and the implementation of the procedure for monitoring the activities of the executive branch.
Second Malignant Neoplasms in Childhood Cancer Survivors Treated in a Tertiary Paediatric Oncology Centre
Authors: Lim Jia Wei , Yeap Frances SH , Chan Yiong Huak , Yeoh Allen EJ , Quah Thuan Chong , Tan Poh Lin
Published: June 2022

Introduction: One of the most feared complications of childhood cancer treatment is second malignant neoplasms (SMNs). This study evaluates the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of SMNs in a tertiary paediatric oncology centre in Singapore. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on patients diagnosed with childhood cancer under age 21 and treated at the National University Hospital, Singapore, from January 1990 to 15 April 2012. Case records of patients with SMNs were reviewed. Results: We identified 1124 cases of childhood cancers with a median follow-up of 3.49 (0 to 24.06) years. The most common primary malignancies were leukaemia (47.1%), central nervous system tumours (11.7%) and lymphoma (9.8%). Fifteen cases developed SMNs, most commonly acute myeloid leukaemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 7). Median interval between the first and second malignancy was 3.41 (0.24 to 18.30) years. Overall 20-year cumulative incidence of SMNs was 5.3% (95% CI, 0.2% to 10.4%). The 15-year cumulative incidence of SMNs following acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was 4.4% (95% CI, 0% to 8.9%), significantly lower than the risk after osteosarcoma of 14.2% (95% CI, 0.7% to 27.7%) within 5 years (P <0.0005). Overall 5-year survival for SMNs was lower than that of primary malignancies. Conclusion: This study identified factors explaining the epidemiology of SMNs described, and found topoisomerase II inhibitor use to be a likely risk factor in our cohort. Modifications have already been made to our existing therapeutic protocols in osteosarcoma treatment. We also recognised the importance of other risk management strategies, including regular long-term surveillance and early intervention for detected SMNs, to improve outcomes of high risk patients.

Key words: Late effects, Long-term cancer survivors, Topoisomerase II inhibitor
Management and Outcomes of Fetal Hydrops in a Tertiary Care Centre in Singapore
Authors: Thong Xin Yi , Lee Le Ye , Chia Dawn AK , Wong Yee Chee , Biswas Arijit
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Fetal hydrops is a serious condition which can be caused by immune and non-immune aetiologies. We aimed to review the management of fetal hydrops at our hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all cases of fetal hydrops diagnosed in our institution from 2006 to 2013 was carried out. Results: Out of the 30 cases of fetal hydrops diagnosed antenatally, 17 were cases of Bart’s hydrops which were all terminated in-utero. Of the remaining 13 cases, 11 cases consisted of non-immune causes of hydrops. Planned antenatal interventions including in-utero blood transfusions (n = 4) and thoracentesis (n = 5) as well as planned caesarean deliveries (n = 11) were performed in the majority of cases. Postnatal neonatal intensive care with interventions including chest drainage and transfusions were also performed. A majority, 92%, of the cases survived the perinatal period following a variable length of hospital stay ranging from a week to 3 months. Conclusion: Management of fetal hydrops is complex. Close coordination between he obstetric and neonatal teams was the key to good short-term survival of neonates with antenatally diagnosed hydrops, as it allows timely antenatal intervention and anticipation of potential perinatal complications.

Key words: Antenatal, Complications, Interventions, Non-immune, Survival
Kendi Gücünü Sağlayan Giyilebilir Elektronik Teknolojilerde Kullanılan Esnek Güneş Hücreler
Authors: EKMEKÇİ Mesut
Published: June 2022

Enerji teknolojik ve ekonomik kalkınma için önemli bir faktördür. Artan çevre bilinciyle birlikte elektronik cihazların hızlı gelişiminin neden olduğu büyük enerji tüketimi, yeşil ve yenilenebilir enerjiyi üretmek ve depolamak için yeni teknoloji gereksinimlerini arttırmıştır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları arasında güneş enerjisi gün geçtikçe önem kazanmaktadır. Çünkü güneş enerjisi dünyadaki en bol, sürdürülebilir ve en temiz enerjidir. Işıktan elektrik üretim teknolojisinin sürekli gelişmesiyle birlikte, güneş enerjisinin diğer konvansiyonel enerjiler içindeki payı gittikçe artmakta ve fosil yakıtlara alternatif haline gelmektedir. Geliştirilen yeni teknolojiler ile güneş enerjisi değişik alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, kendi gücünü sağlayan enerji teknolojisi, elektronik cihazların harici güç kaynağı olmadan sürekli çalışmasını sağlayabildiğinden, gelecekteki giyilebilir elektronikler için oldukça umut vericidir. Günümüzde farklı tipteki esnek güneş hücreleri (EGH’ler) kullanılarak kendi gücünü sağlayan giyilebilir elektronik teknolojiler geliştirilmektedir. Giyilebilir elektronikler son yıllarda büyük ilgi görmekte ve hızlı bir büyüme yaşamaktadır. Bu teknolojiler daha çok eğlence, akıllı izleme, kişisel sağlık ve egzersiz kontrolü amacıyla kullanılmaktadır Bu çalışmada, esnek güneş hücreleri ve bu hücreler kullanılarak geliştirilen kendi gücünü sağlayan giyilebilir elektronik teknolojiler özetlendi. Bu bağlamda, öncelikle, esnek silikon güneş hücreleri (ESGH'ler), esnek perovskit güneş hücreleri (EPGH'ler), esnek organik güneş hücreleri (EOGH 'ler) ve esnek boya duyarlı güneş hücreleri (EBDGH 'ler) ele alındı. Daha sonra esnek güneş hücrelere entegre kendi gücünü sağlayan giyilebilir enerji teknolojilerinden ter izleme, hareket izleme, giyilebilir kumaş, nabız izleme, gaz sensörü ve giyilebilir ekran sistemleri tanıtıldı. Son olarak giyilebilir teknolojilerin ve EGH’lerin önündeki zorluklar ve çözüm yolları ile gelecekteki durumları ile ilgili öngörüler sunuldu.
Anatomical, Morphophysiological and Molecular Characterization of Brazilian Species of Cleomaceae
Authors:   , Parma Daniele de Freitas
Published: June 2022

Cleomaceae is one of the 17 families of the order Brassicales, which comprises 26 genera and about 270 species. This cosmopolitan family has a great morphological and physiological diversity and due it is a sister group of Brassicaceae, to which the model plant Arabidopsis is inserted, it has been the subject of studies in several areas. However, despite being a promising family, there are few species characterized, so far only 15 have been physiologically characterized. Thus, this work aimed to characterize species of Cleomaceae occurring in Brazil. In this sense, visits to herbariums and collections were carried out in various regions in order to better understand the identity, ecology and distribution of each species. Thus, 22 species were sampled. Morphological and molecular characterization, based on five markers, showed that the Tarenaya series are monophyletic (Chapter 1) and that T. siliculifera is morphologically distinct from the species of the genus, so the recognition of a new monotype genus has been proposed (Chapter 2). In addition, we characterized the 22 species in terms of genome size, molecular phylogeny, anatomical, biochemical, and physiological characteristics (Chapter 3). In addition to determining the photosynthetic parameters, biochemical analyzes were performed on the leaves throughout the day (Chapter 4). Interestingly, the C 3 species groups exhibit clear variation in anatomical, physiological and biochemical parameters, suggesting a large natural variation among these species. Furthermore, unrecognized variation in leaf structure and physiology within the species studied indicates varying degrees of development of the C 3 -C 4 photosynthetic mechanism. Furthermore, the Brazilian Cleomaceae accessions characterized here exhibit a high genetic diversity and may represent different stages of development of the photosynthetic mechanism from C 3 to C 4 . Regarding the characterization of the sexual type of each flower (Chapter 5), the 20 morphospecies formed three four groups of sexual expression: andromonoicia, hermaphrodites, and polygamous. In addition, dichogamy and distyly were also observed, however, the species studied are self-compatible. Finally, a compilation of all available information about Cleomaceae is carried out in Chapter 6 in order to identify the characteristics of each group and indicate the advances in each area with the family. Keywords: Cleoserrata. Gynandropsis. Molecular phylogeny. Photosynthesis. Tarenaya.
Orçamento empresarial: que dizem os estudos publicados em periódicos nacionais?
Authors: Silva Thiago Bruno de Jesus , Sell Filipy Furtado , Gorla Marcello Christiano , Lavarda Carlos Eduardo Facin
Published: June 2022

O estudo objetiva analisar o perfil de artigos sobre orçamento empresarial publicados em periódicos. O estudo foi descritivo com pesquisa bibliométrica e de análise documental. Foram analisados quinze periódicos nacionais desde o ano de início da disponibilização dos artigos até outubro de 2017, o que auferiu em 33 artigos. Os achados apontaram uma produção com 24% dos artigos citados mais de 10 vezes, 80 autores diferentes de 24 instituições de ensino, sendo aproximadamente 70% doutores e mestres. A produção, em sua maioria, foi empírica e utilizou estudos de caso e levantamentos. Apenas 21% dos artigos utilizaram uma teoria de base, sendo eleitas a Teoria dos Prospectos e a Teoria Institucional. Cerca de 93% dos casos, recomendou-se oportunidades de pesquisa, tais como, utilização de vieses cognitivos, ciclo de vida organizacional, comportamento disfuncional, Visão Baseada em Recursos, além de amostras com empresas sem fins lucrativos e públicas.
efeito da crise econômica sobre as finanças pessoais dos acadêmicos de Administração, Contabilidade e Economia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas
Authors: Monteiro Júnior Robson Wagner Rodrigues , Amorim Matheus Azevedo , De Souza Matheus Pereira , Brandão Lima Fabiana Viegas
Published: June 2022

As finanças pessoais têm como objetivo estudar a aplicação de conceitos financeiros nas decisões dos indivíduos. Problema: Como a crise econômica afetou as finanças pessoais dos acadêmicos do curso de administração, contabilidade e economia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas? Objetivos: Analisar o perfil socioeconômico dos discentes que cursam o 7º período de administração, contabilidade e economia; Descrever as dificuldades encontradas no mercado durante e pós-crise econômica do Brasil; Verificar se existe uma busca por novas alternativas de educação financeira em momentos de crise econômica; Identificar se a crise econômica desenvolve comportamento empreendedor nos universitários. Metodologia: a natureza da pesquisa é aplicada; abordagens são quantitativas; objetivos são descritivos; os procedimentos foram survey, estudo de caso e levantamento de dados; para coletar os dados foi utilizado um questionário com 21 perguntas fechadas. Resultados: perfil socioeconômico, os acadêmicos investem em poupança; a renda mensal é até 1 salário mínimo; conseguem poupar de 20% a 50% da renda; o perfil financeiro é do tipo planejador. As dificuldades encontradas durante a crise econômica foram aumento de pré-requisitos e menos oportunidades. A modalidade de ensino procurada durante a crise foi educação à distância. Já o comportamento empreendedor constatou-se que a maioria dos pesquisados pensaram empreender, porém não buscaram. Conclusão: 55% dos pesquisados de administração e 46% de economia não foram afetados. Todavia, 62,5% dos de contabilidade afirmam terem sido afetados indiretamente.
Effect of tramadol on extubation response and quality of emergence following Supratentorial surgery: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Asma Abdus Salam  , Rehman Azhar , Shamim Muhammad Shahzad , Khan Fauzia Anis
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To observe the effect of a single dose of tramadol 1mg/kg on haemodynamic changes related to extubation, and to assess the quality of emergence as judged by incidence of cough, laryngospasm and bronchospasm.
Method: The double-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from 2016 to 2017, and comprised patients of either gender aged 18-65 years scheduled for elective supratentorial craniotomy under general anaesthesia. The patients were randomised to two Tramadol and Saline groups. The drug was given 45 minutes before extubation at the time of dura closure. The patients were extubated after resumption of adequate spontaneous breathing. Invasive blood pressure and heart rate were recorded one minute before reversal, at 1 minute interval for five minutes and then every 10 minute for 30 minutes after extubation. Cough, laryngospasm and bronchospasm were noted. Pain, post-operative nausea, vomiting, convulsions and conscious levels were also noted till 6 hours post-operatively. Data was analysed using SPSS 19.
Results: Of the 80 patients enrolled, 79(98.75%) completed the study. Of them, 38(48%) were in the Tramadol group; 27(71.1%) males and 11(28.9%) females with a mean age of 43.42+/-13.2 years. The remaining 41(52%) patients were in the Saline group; 28(68.3%) males and 13(31.7%) females with a mean age of 45.9+/-15.9 years. Intergroup comparison showed no significant difference in the extubation response (p>0.05), but the changes in blood pressure and heart rate were shorter in magnitude and duration in the Tramadol group compared to the baseline. Significant rise in blood pressure and heart rate was observed in the Saline group at 5 minutes after extubation (p=0.046). There was no difference in the quality of emergence as judged by cough or secondary complications (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Tramadol 1mg/kg was considered superior in attenuating the duration and magnitude of haemodynamic response in the shape of hypertension and tachycardia during extubation, but did not affect other parameters in patients undergoing craniotomy.
Clinical Trial Number: Clinical Trials.gov PRS: NCT02964416
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02964416
Key Words: Craniotomy, Endotracheal extubation, Haemodynamics, Opioid, Cough.
Factors affecting the visual outcomes and central macular thickness in diabetic maculopathy after intravitreal bevacizumab
Authors: Amna Rizwan  , Asfandyar Asghar  , Naila Yasmeen  , Syed Ali Hasan Naqvi
Published: June 2022

Objective: To assess the outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab in patients of diabetic maculopathy by anatomical outcomes and best-corrected visual acuity, and to assess the prognostic factors that influence the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab.
Method: The quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 2019 to January 2020, and comprised patients with diabetic maculopathy who were administered intravitreal bevacizumab on a monthly basis for three months with further injections administered on an as-needed basis in cases of persistent macular oedema or deterioration of best-corrected visual acuity. The assessment was done pre-injection, and three and six months after the injection. Outcome variables were best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 34 patients, 2(5.9%) were males and 32(94.1%) were females. The overall mean age was 58±10 years. Of the 55 eyes, 27(49.1%) were right and 28(50.9%) were left eyes. After 3 months, the best-corrected visual acuity improved by one line in 20(36.4%) eyes. At 6 months, it improved by one line in 25(45.4%) eyes. After 3 months, the central macular thickness of 48(87.2%) eyes improved anatomically. At 6 months, a further decrease in central macular thickness resulted in 50(90.9%) eyes. The best-corrected visual acuity at 6 months was inversely correlated with central macular thickness and disruption of inner segment/outer segment integrity.
Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection led to appreciable improvement in best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness at 6 months. Disruption of inner segment/outer segment integrity, presence of exudates and cystic changes were noted that lead to poor visual prognosis.
Key Words: Intravitreal injection, Bevacizumab, Prognostic factors, Diabetic retinopathy, Optical coherence tomography.
Dietary patterns of Pakistani adults and their associations with sociodemographic characteristics-a community based study
Authors: Rafique Ibrar , Saqib Muhammad Arif Nadeem , Murad Nighat , Munir Muhammad Kashif , Khan Aftab , Irshad Rabia , Rahat Tayyaba , Naz Saima
Published: June 2022

Objective: To identify the dietary patterns and understand their association with sociodemographic characteristics among adults.
Methods: The community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar and Quetta cities of Pakistan from March to November 2018, after approval from the National Bioethics Committee, Islamabad, and comprised adults of either gender. Data was collected using the food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the association of socio-demographic determinants with dietary patterns. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Parallel Analysis criterion (Eigen values) was determined along with Monte Carlo simulation.
Results: Of the 448 subjects, 206(46%) were males and 242(54%) were females. The largest age group was 36-55 years 199(47.4%). Six dietary patterns were identified: “Vegetables”, “Fruits”, “Mixed Junk and Processed food”, “Dairy and Fast food”, “Discretionary” and “Fish”. Regression analysis showed that those aged 36-55 years had higher scores for vegetables, fruit and fish pattern (p<0.05). Females scored more for vegetables, fish and fruits, and a significantly low score for discretionary diet pattern (p<0.05). Participants with high education level and socioeconomic status had raised scores for discretionary diet items (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Six distinct dietary patterns among Pakistani adults were identified, showing significant association with sociodemographic characteristics.
Key Words: Healthy diet, Nutrition, Factor analysis, Diet pattern, Pakistan, Unhealthy diet.