bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Design and Early Results of a Structured Longitudinal Training Program for Undergraduate Students to Increase Diversity in Aging-Research
Authors: Prochaska Micah T. , Bogue Kelsey , Williams Shellie , Levine Stacie , Zhang Hui , Tate Alex , Arora Vineet , Meltzer David
Published: February 2024

Background: The Cultivating Health and Aging Researchers by Integrating Science, Medicine, and Aging (CHARISMA) program at the University of Chicago (UC), is an NIA-funded longitudinal clinical research training program for undergraduate students from groups underrepresented in the sciences and medicine. CHARISMA students participate in an aging-focused: 1) realistic research career experience, 2) didactic curriculum, and 3) multi-tiered mentorship program. This manuscript describes CHARISMA and early quantitative data demonstrating its success. Methods: Students apply for and are accepted into CHARISMA in year-long intervals, with programming lasting from June to May. Short-term outcomes are measured using student surveys, including an adapted 23-question version of the critical research appraisal inventory (CRAI), the Geriatrics Attitude Scale for Primary Care Residents, and questions rating the overall program, mentor, importance of aging research, and career interests. Results: Twenty-two students have completed CHARISMA. After completing CHARISMA, student aggregate CRAI scores increased (6.8 to 7.5, p = 0.04). Additionally, the substantial majority of students completing CHARISMA were definitely, very or somewhat Additionally, 87% (19/22), 73% (16/22), and 82% (18/22) of students were definitely, very, or somewhat interested in pursuing a career in medicine that serves older adults, pursuing a career in clinical research, or pursuing a career focused on aging-related research. Conclusion: Early data demonstrates that CHARISMA increases undergraduate student knowledge of and interest in aging-related clinical research.
Incidence of Neoplasm in Patients Referred for Epistaxis
Authors: Toomey Nicholas , Hassanzadeh Tania , Danis David O’Neil , Tracy Jeremiah
Published: February 2024

Objectives: The primary objective was to identify the incidence of neoplastic disease in patients referred for epistaxis. Secondary objectives included identification of any mass lesion, and the need for further workup with imaging and/or biopsy as well as risk factors associated with identification of a mass lesion. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Medical records of adult patients who presented to Tufts Medical Center over an 11 year period (2010-2021) with a chief complaint of epistaxis were reviewed. The primary outcome was identification of a nasal or nasopharyngeal mass. Patient characteristics including age, sex, race, smoking status, anticoagulation, comorbidities (hypertension, allergic rhinitis, vasculitis), and treatment of epistaxis (used as surrogate for severity of epistaxis) were also examined. Results: A total of 1164 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty-six nasal masses were found among patients presenting with epistaxis (3.09%, P < .001), comprised primarily of benign etiology (2.66%) including nasal polyposis and thornwaldt cyst. Asian race correlated with finding of mass lesion (75%, P = .007). Five malignancies were found (0.43%) including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2 patients), extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma (2 patients), and nasal adenocarcinoma (1 patient). Conclusions: Epistaxis is a common cause for referral to otolaryngology. Although the incidence of neoplasm in our patient population was low, nasal mass lesions warranting further workup were identified in 36 patients. Findings of neoplasm were more common in patients of Asian ethnicity, which may reflect the increased prevalence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in this population. Otolaryngologic evaluation and nasal endoscopy should be considered in all cases of epistaxis.
Left Vocal Process Avulsion
Authors: Marshall Camryn , Ramadan Omar , Sataloff Robert T.
Published: February 2024

Vocal fold process avulsion results from trauma that detaches the vocal process and thyroarytenoid muscle from the body of the arytenoid cartilage. Vocal fold laxity often causes severe dysphonia. Findings can be subtle. A high index of suspicion often permits diagnosis and effective surgical repair.
Indications for Submandibulectomy Within a 20-Year Period
Authors: Bolooki Amir , Stenzl Anna , Weusthof Christopher , Hofauer Benedikt
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Different pathologies of the submandibular gland are an indication of submandibular gland excision—ranging from inflammatory causes and sialolithiasis to malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to get an overview of the different indications for submandibular gland excision. Methods: The main goal of this study was to evaluate the different indications for submandibular gland excision during a 20-year period. In addition, epidemiological information and therapy concepts were investigated with a special focus on Tumor Lymph nodes Metastasis (TNM) classification and recurrence rate. Procedures during which the submandibular gland was removed while not being the primary cause for surgery (eg, neck dissection in Level Ib) were not included. Results: During the period of observation, 359 submandibular gland excisions were performed. The most common cause for submandibular gland excision was sialolithiasis (n = 129) with intraparenchymal stone localization. Up next were inflammatory causes (n = 115) in particular chronic submandibular sialadenitis followed by only a few cases of Sjögren’s syndrome, sarcoidosis, and tuberculosis. In 115 cases, surgery was performed for tumors of the submandibular gland, with 88 of them being benign and 27 malignant. Malignancies were then divided into lymphomas (n = 9) and primary salivary gland malignancies (n = 18). Conclusion: This retrospective study of a large cohort of patients displays a representative overview of the indications for submandibular gland excision. Sialolithiasis was the most common underlying cause of gland excision. The malignancy rate in our cohort was lower than described in the literature.
A Large Adult Postcricoid Lymphatic Malformation: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Klibngern Hanpon , Ariyanon Tapanut , Pornchaisakuldee Chanisa , Chowsilpa Sayanan , Sittitrai Pichit
Published: February 2024

Adult-onset lymphatic malformations arising at the postcricoid, a subsite of the hypopharynx, are sporadic. Only one case has been previously reported. In this study, we presented a 36-year-old female presented with globus sensation, dysphagia, and upper airway obstruction, requiring a tracheostomy. A computed tomography scan identified a 5 cm × 4.5 cm × 3 cm multilocular hypodense lesion in the postcricoid. Due to its considerable size, complete resection with function preservation was crucial, and a standard microscopic direct laryngoscopy approach may result in inadequate exposure, while an open transcervical approach may affect functional outcomes and increase surgical complications. We successfully performed an en bloc resection with a transoral endoscopic approach, using laryngeal suspension and a laparoscopic ultrasonic scalpel to preserve aerodigestive functions, ensure rapid recovery, and avoid neck scarring. The patient was decannulated within 2 weeks and remained disease-free after 1 year. The reported cases of adult-onset lymphatic malformations at the postcricoid and hypopharynx were reviewed and summarized for educational purposes.
Laryngeal Manifestations of Bullous Pemphigoid: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hamdan Abdul-Latif , Abou Chaar Jonathan , Abou Rahal Jihane
Published: February 2024

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease that affects primarily the skin and rarely involves the mucosa of the oral cavity, larynx, pharynx, or esophagus. Diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation, histology, and immunopathological examination. Laryngeal involvement in BP is extremely rare and patients may be asymptomatic or may present with dysphonia, dysphagia, and/or respiratory distress. The authors of this article report a rare case of BP with laryngeal involvement with a review of the literature. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is highly recommended to prevent any long-term complications.
Perceived Relational Support Is Associated With Everyday Positive, But Not Negative, Affectivity in a U.S. Sample
Authors: Ulichney Virginia , Schmidt Helen , Helion Chelsea
Published: February 2024

Research suggests that perceived social support bolsters emotional well-being. We tested whether perceived support from friends, family, and spouses/partners was associated with reduced negative and greater positive affectivity (i.e., everyday affective baseline), and whether perceived strain in these relationships had opposite effects, accounting for age and relevant covariates. Using data from the third waves of the Midlife in the United States survey and National Study of Daily Experience ( n = 1,124), we found negative affectivity was not tied to relational support nor strain, but instead was associated positively with neuroticism and negatively with conscientiousness. In contrast, positive affectivity was related positively to support from friends and family, conscientiousness, and extroversion, and negatively to strain among partners and neuroticism. Exploratory analyses within second-wave Midlife in Japan data ( n = 657) suggest patterns for future cross-cultural study. Some relationship dynamics may vary, but perceived support might enhance emotional well-being by bolstering positive, rather than mitigating negative, emotionality.
Values in Context: The (Dis)connections Between Moral Foundations and Moral Conviction
Authors: Teas Paul E. , Hanson Brittany E. , Leal Ana , Novak Lindsay M. , Skitka Linda J.
Published: February 2024

Moral foundations theory (MFT) argues that liberals and conservatives form different moral positions because liberals emphasize the values of harm and fairness, whereas conservatives emphasize the values of group loyalty, authority, and purity. In five studies (total N = 3,327), we investigated whether political orientation moderated the relationship between the perceived relevance of each moral foundation and moral conviction (i.e., the extent to which one perceives their attitude as based on morality) across four issues. Political differences in this relationship emerged but were inconsistent across issues and did not always align with the predictions of MFT or several other theoretical explanations. Our findings together with previous research indicate that MFT may do a better job predicting attitude position than it does predicting whether people perceive that their attitudes are moral convictions, and that some foundations may reflect conventional rather than moral values (e.g., authority).
(R)evolutions of Thought: Artificial Intelligence and Education Futures
Authors: Abrams Sandra Schamroth
Published: February 2024

As part of the 125th issue of Teachers College Record, this commentary provides an overview of technological innovation with a focus on the emergence of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI). The presence and use of AI is a pressing contemporary topic in education, raising questions about the information and perspective(s) AI might privilege, as well as the evolving ethical concerns related to the blurred and increasingly indistinguishable boundaries of human and nonhuman entities and practices.
Cognitive Functioning Among Community-dwelling Older Adults in Rural Population of Lucknow and Its Association with Comorbidities
Authors: Pandit Pratyaksha , Kumari Reema , Tripathi Adarsh , Mishra Prabhakar
Published: February 2024

Background:

The transitional state between normal aging and dementia is known as Cognitive impairment (CI) where a person has memory complaints and objective evidence of CI but no evidence of dementia. With the globe undergoing a “demographic transition,” the magnitude of neurodegenerative disorders is rising. In India, 27.3% of older persons with comorbidities had CI. Early identification of CI will likely help initiate proper remedial intervention, leading to better overall outcomes. In order to determine the prevalence of CI in older persons and whether it is associated with co-morbid conditions, this study was designed.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 older adults aged ≥60 residing in rural areas of Lucknow, selected using multistage cluster sampling. The Hindi Mental State Examination (HMSE) scale was used to assess cognitive function. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidity status.

Results:

Among 350 participants, with mean ± SD age 70.66 ± 9.53 years, the prevalence of CI as per HMSE (<23) was 24.9%. Overall, the mean HMSE score was less in individuals with (25.2) than without (27.19) comorbidities. Those with comorbidities had significantly lower mean scores in all individual domains of HMSE.

Conclusion:

CI affects one-fourth of the older adult population. Risk increases with the presence of comorbidities. Hence, screening, and early treatment are recommended.
Influence of Psychological Capital on Innovation Capacity: An Empirical Study on Banking Institutions
Authors: Salazar Luis , Avolio Beatrice
Published: February 2024

The capacity for innovation is a key component required for companies to generate added value and to expand into new markets. In this regard, it is important to find factors that improve the capacity for innovation. One such credible factor is psychological capital. This article aims to examine the influence of psychological capital on innovation capacity. An empirical study, based on data collected from 520 employees of banking institutions in Peru, was carried out to this end. Our results revealed the positive and significant influence of psychological capital on innovation capacity. Based on dimensions of psychological capital, it was found that self-efficacy and optimism positively influenced the capacity for radical innovation. Likewise, optimism and hope were found to positively influence the capacity for incremental innovation, but resilience had no positive influence on either radical innovation or incremental innovation. This work provides business leaders with a deeper understanding of psychological factors that are deemed necessary to promote and improve innovation capacity in companies.
Preserving flow, saving lives: Successful treatment of aortic valve failure in acute myocardial infarction without flow down-regulation using ECMO - a case report and mini review
Authors: Yang Jing , Zeng Xiao-Kang , Hu Wei , Zhu Ying
Published: February 2024

Direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) has significantly reduced cardiac mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the mortality rate remains high for those who develop cardiogenic shock (CS), reaching 40% to 50%. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) provides robust hemodynamic support and oxygen delivery for AMI patients with refractory CS, ensuring adequate organ perfusion and oxygen supply. However, there is currently no standardized optimal Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) range during V-A ECMO support. Achieving the proper MAP is crucial for adequate myocardial perfusion, cardiac function recovery, successful weaning off of V-A ECMO, and improving long-term outcomes. In this case study, we successfully treated a 55-year-old man with AMI and refractory cardiogenic shock using V-A ECMO. By adjusting ECMO blood flow and employing hemodynamic strategies, including vasoactive drugs, we optimized the MAP, leading to improved cardiac function and successful weaning off of V-A ECMO. This presents a potential opportunity for MAP optimization under ECMO support in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock.
The U.S. Government's Program of Welfare for the Wealthy
Authors: Benton Raymond , Stasch Stanley F.
Published: February 2024

It is important that macromarketers understand how income and wealth inequality affect the way people think, live, and die. It is also important that they understand the source(s) of that inequality. This paper discusses how the power elite and the rich used the law to strategically withhold from the bottom 99 percent of the population the wealth generated in the post-World War II economy. This included more than a dozen specific stealth activities the U.S. government enacted from 1970 to 2010, although only a few are highlighted in this commentary. These activities created a Program of Welfare for the Wealthy that worked against the general welfare of the American people. We refer to these as stealth activities because much of what happens in government occurs behind the scenes, in the dark.
External linkages and regional diversification in China: The role of foreign multinational enterprises
Authors: Qiao Yibo , Ascani Andrea , Morrison Andrea
Published: February 2024

This article investigates the role of local external linkages in supporting regional industry entry in new activities, by specifically considering the role of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs). Theoretically, we construct an original conceptual framework encompassing different potential trajectories of regional diversification based on the presence of MNEs. Empirically, we focus on the case of 279 Chinese prefectures over 1998–2007 and our results suggest that the presence of MNEs is associated with industry entry in unrelated and complex industries, supporting the idea that regional external linkages can activate processes of diversification that modify the technological and industrial portfolio of local economies.
Conjunctival and nasal microflora in patients on topical cyclosporine for dry eye
Authors: Elibol Emine S , Habip Zafer , Elbay Ahmet , Cırık Ahmet Adnan , Oğuz Halit
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Dry eye is a common ocular condition causing discomfort and visual disturbances. Anti-inflammatory agents like Cyclosporine A (CsA) are often used in its treatment. However, the impact of CsA on ocular flora remains understudied. This research aimed to evaluate changes in conjunctival and nasal microflora in patients receiving topical cyclosporine for dry eye. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, conjunctival and nasal samples were collected from two groups of dry eye patients. Group 1 consisted of 38 patients using CsA eye drops, while Group 2 included 34 patients using preservative-free artificial tear drops. Bacterial cultures were grown from the samples, and the identified organisms underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing. Additionally, alpha diversity metrics were employed to assess the diversity of bacterial species in the samples. Results: Bacterial growth was observed in 75% of conjunctival samples and 97.22% of nasal samples. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the predominant organism in both groups. Alpha diversity analysis showed no significant differences in Shannon diversity and OTU richness between the groups for most bacterial species. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed no substantial variations in resistance patterns between the groups. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the impact of CsA eye drops on conjunctival and nasal flora in dry eye patients. The findings suggest that CsA does not significantly influence the composition, diversity, or antibiotic resistance patterns of ocular flora. Long-term topical cyclosporine treatment for dry eye does not significantly impact conjunctival microflora or lead to antibiotic resistance. These results have important implications for the safe use of CsA in patients undergoing ocular treatments, particularly those at risk of intraocular infections.
Thermally exfoliated graphene oxide doped microporous bio-nanocomposite hydrogel: A promising substrate for biomedical application
Authors: Rani Seema , Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh Sanchita , Ghosh Subrata Bandhu , Singh Priya , Dubey Ashutosh Kumar , Liu Guozhen
Published: February 2024

Hydrogels have demonstrated significant promise as flexible/wearable sensors for the diagnosis, monitoring, and delivery of personalized medicine for health issues and deficiencies. To this end, a novel approach was employed towards the development of a hybrid hydrogel nanocomposite-based biosensing substrate. The hierarchical hydrogel matrix derived by using polyaniline (PANI)/polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) biopolymer-matrix, was reinforced with in-house synthesized thermally exfoliated graphene-oxide (TEGO). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the interfacial-interactions between hydroxyl groups and functional groups of TEGO, a conducive property for immobilization and catalytic activities. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigation of the developed nanocomposite hydrogel demonstrated that the addition of nanofiller facilitated the ordered structure of nanocomposite hydrogel. Further, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) investigations revealed interconnected porous microstructure of the nanocomposites, assisted by nucleating effect of TEGO, a supporting micro-environment for the transportation of biomolecules. Impedance analysis and hall effect studies showed that the nanocomposite hydrogel substrate was highly conductive. In vitro cytocompatibility results demonstrated excellent biocompatibility of the bio-nanocomposite hydrogels. Cyclic-voltammetry analysis indicated a reduction in current on the surface due to long-range shattered conjugated network of TEGO and PANI in presence of functional groups. Overall, this study indicates that developed bio-nanocomposite hydrogel substrates are promising candidates for biomedical applications.
Research status and prospects of bamboo-based cement concrete
Authors: Chen Xiang , Zhu Hongzhou
Published: February 2024

Bamboo is a widely used natural and renewable material, and its application in bamboo-based cement concrete is receiving increasing attention from researchers in the context of low-carbon emission reduction. The combination of bamboo and cement concrete has shown good performance in improving material mechanical properties, especially toughness. However, the applicability and durability of bamboo, as a biomass material, have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, this paper reviews the research status of bamboo-based cement concrete, categorizing it into three aspects: bamboo reinforcement, bamboo fibers, and bamboo aggregate cement concrete. The results show that bamboo-based cement concrete has significant toughening effects, but research on durability is insufficient. In addition, this paper focuses on the discussion of research on bamboo fibers and bamboo aggregate cement concrete. Finally, the paper summarizes the two main problems of poor interfacial bonding and insufficient durability in bamboo-based cement concrete, and suggests further exploration of the mechanisms and improvement methods leading to poor interfacial bonding, as well as proposing economically effective bamboo modification methods to enhance the mechanical and durability properties of bamboo-based cement concrete.
Health Care Access and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Cross-Lagged Panel Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Du Chenguang , Katz Benjamin , Shrestha Prabisha , Hori Kazuki , Dave Gaurav
Published: February 2024

Objective: The current longitudinal study examined how (1) cognitive measures, including episodic memory, executive function, and global cognition, predict later healthcare access and how (2) healthcare access predicts later cognition. Methods: Drawing a sample ( n = 9920) from the Health and Retirement Study dataset, we created a cross-lagged panel model to examine the longitudinal association between cognitive measures and healthcare access from 2012 to 2018. Results: Results revealed that cognitive measures significantly predict later healthcare access, with effects increasing across waves. However, within sub-domains, memory was more predictive of later healthcare access over time compared to executive function. Discussions: Our study suggested an increased link between cognition and healthcare access during aging. Even outside of the context of AD, there are likely both policy-based and practical implications to ensure those experiencing cognitive decline continue to maintain access to care.
Fear of Falling in Older Adults Living in a Community-Dwelling Facility: Prevalence and Its Impact on Activity Behavior and Physical Function
Authors: Sebastião Emerson , Siqueira Vitor , Bakare Jemimah , Bohn Lucimere , Gallo Luiza Herminia
Published: February 2024

This study examined the prevalence and the impact of fear of falling (FOF) on physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (PA), and physical function in older adults living in a continuing care retirement community (CCRC). Ninety-three older adults were included and self-reported assessed on PA and SB. Further, participants’ physical function was assessed using a collection of measures of valid objective tests. Independent t test was used to compare the dependent variables between FOF groups, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to control for assistive device usage. FOF was prevalent in 47.3% of the sample and PA and SB did not differ between FOF groups ( p > .05). ANCOVA revealed that performance on several physical function tests remained significantly better ( p < .05) for the no FOF group compared to the yes group. Our findings demonstrated similar levels of PA and SB between FOF groups, but worse physical function for older adults reporting FOF.
Yovino v. Rizo: The Equal Pay Act and Salary History Defense
Authors: Bradbury Mark D.
Published: February 2024

The U.S. Supreme Court declined to review Yovino v. Rizo in 2020, leaving in place a Ninth Circuit Court decision that the use of salary history when determining compensation levels violates the Equal Pay Act of 1963. Aileen Rizo, a math consultant for the Fresno County School District, had argued that the basing of her starting salary on her previous level of compensation perpetuated past salary discrimination. Salary history is a common tool for setting starting salaries, and was used by the school district in a gender-neutral, uniform manner. A critical analysis of the technique, however, shows that salary history does not reflect job-related knowledge, skills, and abilities and has a disparate impact on female applicants and employees. Alternatively, public employers bear the responsibility to advertise competitive pay rates that reflect internal and market-based considerations.
Natural Language Processing in Urban Planning: A Research Agenda
Authors: Fu Xinyu
Published: February 2024

The urban planning profession is increasingly challenged to analyze extensive text data, from plans to public feedback. While natural language processing (NLP) has promising potential for aiding this analysis, its applications and purpose in planning remain unclear. This article reviews current planning research using NLP, seeking to highlight key themes and challenges, and suggesting a coherent future research agenda. The results reveal that existing research is primarily exploratory with a fragmented research landscape. Future studies should focus on sharing data, benchmarking NLP techniques, fostering collaborative research tailored to planning, and addressing ethical implications to harness NLP's full potential in planning.
Evaluation of a Novel Veterinary Dental Radiography Artificial Intelligence Software Program
Authors: Nyquist Markay L. , Fink Lisa A. , Mauldin Glenna E. , Coffman Curt R.
Published: February 2024

There is a growing trend of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in veterinary medicine, with the potential to assist veterinarians in clinical decisions. A commercially available, AI-based software program (AISP) for detecting common radiographic dental pathologies in dogs and cats was assessed for agreement with two human evaluators. Furcation bone loss, periapical lucency, resorptive lesion, retained tooth root, attachment (alveolar bone) loss and tooth fracture were assessed. The AISP does not attempt to diagnose or provide treatment recommendations, nor has it been trained to identify other types of radiographic pathology. Inter-rater reliability for detecting pathologies was measured by absolute percent agreement and Gwet's agreement coefficient. There was good to excellent inter-rater reliability among all raters, suggesting the AISP performs similarly at detecting the specified pathologies compared to human evaluators. Sensitivity and specificity for the AISP were assessed using human evaluators as the reference standard. The results revealed a trend of low sensitivity and high specificity, suggesting the AISP may produce a high rate of false negatives and may not be a good tool for initial screening. However, the low rate of false positives produced by the AISP suggests it may be beneficial as a “second set of eyes” because if it detects the specific pathology, there is a high likelihood that the pathology is present. With an understanding of the AISP, as an aid and not a substitute for veterinarians, the technology may increase dental radiography utilization and diagnostic potential.
Non-contact detection method for pantograph-catenary contact force based on image processing
Authors: Hong-ming Chen , Ning Zhou , Yao Cheng , Wei-hua Zhang
Published: February 2024

This paper introduces a non-contact method for detecting contact force between pantograph and catenary (PAC), based on image processing and Kalman filter. A non-contact method for detecting contact force of PAC, which only utilizes the vertical displacement of the collector head, is proposed. First, the images of the collector head area are collected by adding an image acquisition system on the roof of the vehicle. Second, combined with target tracking and template matching, the vertical displacement of the pantograph’s collector head is identified. Finally, based on the Kalman filter considering least squares method and the PAC dynamics model, a method for detecting contact force is constructed. The estimation of the PAC’s dynamic contact force is realized only by using the vertical displacement of the collector head obtained from the image identification. The results of simulation and test-bed results show that the Kalman filter considering least squares significantly has higher accuracy and better robustness compared with the traditional Kalman filter.
A general parametric finite element modeling and stress response analysis methods for pipeline system using the nonconforming solid element
Authors: Ji Wenhao , Sun Wei , Ma Hongwei , Zhang Yu , Wang Xin
Published: February 2024

In the dynamic topology optimization design of pipeline system, parametric finite element modeling (PFEM) is needed to improve the model reconstruction efficiency. Taking a typical spatial single pipeline as the research object, this paper innovatively presents a PFEM method of pipeline system based on the newly constructed nonconforming solid (Solid-NC) element. The stiffness and mass matrices of the spatial 8-node Solid-NC element with second-order boundary accuracy are obtained by introducing the node-free displacement items and statics condensation method. The PFEM method of the pipeline body is proposed by selecting the straight-line segment lengths as the pipeline shape control parameters. The PFEM method of the pipeline is described in detail, including the node coordinate solutions of straight-line and curved arc segments based on the direction vector method and vector decomposition method, respectively, and the simulation of the clamp mechanical properties considering the actual pre-tightening state of the clamp. Furthermore, the modal analysis is carried out, the node stress response solution is solved based on the stress smoothing method, and the effectiveness of the PFEM method is verified through experiment. Finally, the mesh quality and model reconstruction efficiency of the PFEM method is analyzed, the results show that the developed PFEM method has higher mesh quality and fast model reconstruction speed, and the model reconstruction time is shortened by 544.5 times at most compared with ANSYS software.
Effects of doxorubicin on autophagy in fibroblasts
Authors: Shuey Anna , Patricelli Conner , Oxford Julia T , Pu Xinzhu
Published: February 2024

Objectives: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic used to treat many adult and pediatric cancers, such as solid tumors, leukemia, lymphomas and breast cancer. It can also cause injuries to multiple organs, including the heart, liver, and brain or kidney, although cardiotoxicity is the most prominent side effect of DOX. In this study, we examined the potential effects of DOX on autophagy activity in two different mouse fibroblasts.

Methods: Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH3T3) and mouse primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were treated with DOX to assess changes in the expression of two commonly used autophagy protein markers, LC3II and p62. We also examined the effects of DOX the on expression of key genes that encode components of the molecular machinery and regulators modulating autophagy in response to both extracellular and intracellular signals.

Results: We observed that LC3II levels increased and p62 levels decreased following the DOX treatment in NIH3T3 cells. However, similar effects were not observed in primary cardiac fibroblasts. In addition, DOX treatment induced the upregulation of a significant number of genes involved in autophagy in NIH3T3 cells, but not in primary cardiac fibroblasts.

Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicate that DOX upregulates autophagy in fibroblasts in a cell-specific manner.
Library music as a matter of time
Authors: Durand Júlia
Published: February 2024

The industry of library music (pre-existing pieces that can be licensed for use in media) has grown considerably in the past two decades with its transition to a digital medium. A rising number of composers rely on this music as a source of income, along with audiovisual creators who increasingly use it in their productions. This expansion has accentuated a fundamental aspect of library music: the creation of large quantities of tracks at breakneck speed. Parallel to this, the video editors and videographers who form library music's main client base experience tight production deadlines where the choice of music is often left as an afterthought. This article explores the implications of the sped-up creation and use of library music in the current online media landscape. Although the interactions of composers and videographers with this music are often fraught with concerns of limited time, their attitudes towards this acceleration vary considerably: for instance, composers describe their fast-paced work in widely different ways, viewing it as a constraint, or, on the contrary, as a positive and freeing aspect. That being said, the sense of urgency shared by these agents has wide-ranging impacts on every step of the ‘life’ of a library track, from its composition and presentation to its selection and synchronisation with images. As composers attempt to appeal to hurried videographers browsing libraries, these, in turn, resort to this music as an invaluable strategy to retain their audience's attention. Furthermore, sonic stereotypes that are prevalent in library music are valued as communication shortcuts in audiovisuals where messages must be conveyed through instantly recognisable musical formulas. In addition to broader impacts on the workings of library music, this widespread perception of ‘lacking time’ is also a vital factor that shapes its sonic characteristics themselves, making library music truly a matter of time.
Using a centered general linear model for detection of interactions among biomarkers
Authors: Wang Tao , Lin Chien-Wei
Published: February 2024

The dummy variable based general linear model (gLM) is commonly used to model categorical factors and their interactions. However, the main factors and their interactions in a general linear model are often correlated even when the factors are independently distributed. Alternatively, the classical two-way factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) model can avoid the correlation between the main factors and their interactions when the main factors are independent. But the ANOVA model is hardly applicable to a regular linear regression model especially in the presence of other covariates due to constraints on its model parameters. In this study, a centered general linear model (cgLM) is proposed for modeling interactions between categorical factors based on their centered dummy variables. We show that the cgLM can avoid the correlation between the main factors and their interactions as the ANOVA model when the main factors are independent. Meanwhile, similar to gLM, it can be used in regular regression and fitted conveniently using the standard least square approach by choosing appropriate baselines to avoid constraints on its model parameters. The potential advantage of cgLM over gLM for detection of interactions in model building procedures is also illustrated and compared via a simulation study. Finally, the cgLM is applied to a postmortem brain gene expression data set.
Use and impact of the ANA Code: a scoping review
Authors: Numminen Olivia , Kallio Hanna , Leino-Kilpi Helena , Stokes Liz , Turner Martha , Kangasniemi Mari
Published: February 2024

Adherence to professional ethics in nursing is fundamental for high-quality ethical care. However, analysis of the use and impact of nurses’ codes of ethics as a part of professional ethics is limited. To fill this gap in knowledge, the aim of our review was to describe the use and impact of the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements published by the American Nurses Association as an example of one of the earliest and most extensive codes of ethics for nurses with their interpretative statements and constituting a strong basis for the International Council of Nurses’ Code of Ethics for Nurses. We based our review on previous literature using a scoping review method. We included both non-scientific and scientific publications to provide an analysis of codes of ethics which can be utilized in development and revision of other nurses’ codes of ethics. In the searches, we used CINAHL and PubMed databases limiting publications to texts with a connection to the Code of Ethics for Nurses published from January 2001 to November 2022 and written in English. Searches yielded 1739 references, from which 785 non-scientific and 71 scientific publications were included for analysis of the data. Although non-scientific and scientific publications addressed different number of categories, the results indicated that in the both groups the use and impact focused on professional ethics, nursing practice, and work environment and less on education, research, or social health issues. Nurses’ ethical standards were not addressed in non-scientific publications, and clinical issues and leadership were not in focus in scientific publications. To increase evidence-based knowledge of the impact of codes of ethics additional research is needed. Good scientific conduct was followed.
Ethical challenges in organ transplants for refugees in a healthcare system
Authors: Birtan Deniz , Akpinar Aslihan
Published: February 2024

Background

Several ethical issues are associated with providing living organ transplantation services, and there is limited information on these issues faced by the teams providing service to refugees or asylum seekers.

Aim

To determine the challenges healthcare professionals face in organ transplant centers providing services to Syrians under temporary protection status and discern whether these difficulties align with ethical issues in living organ transplantation.

Research design

This study employed a qualitative design and conducted individual semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 18 transplant team members in Istanbul between September and November 2022. Data analysis was based on Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis.

Participants and research context

The participants comprised 18 healthcare professionals, including 6 physicians and 12 nurses working in organ transplant teams in Istanbul.

Ethical considerations

The University’s Ethics Committee provided approval. Participants were informed regarding confidentiality and signed an informed consent form.

Results

Three themes emerged from the data on ethical issues faced by organ transplantation services to Syrians: (a) beneficence or double equipoise, (b) autonomy, and (c) justice. Transplant teams experience problems related to preserving double equipoise in the provision of living donor organ transplantation because of language barriers, poor socioeconomic conditions, and cultural factors, which increases transplant teams’ individual and indirect social burden. Although problems arise from the language barrier when obtaining informed consent in the autonomy theme, institutional and national policies in preventing donor abuse have a comforting effect. Health workers had the least problems with the justice theme, wherein national health policies are determined.

Conclusion

Fewer issues related to autonomy and justice were reported in providing organ transplantation services to Syrians, with the most intense reported issues being maintaining double equipoise. The results revealed the need to develop institutional, national, and international policies with individual solutions to prevent difficulties healthcare professionals face in this process.
Low Dose Amantadine and Escitalopram in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Chutia Porimita , Tripathi Shailendra Mohan
Published: February 2024

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are less responsive to usual antiparkinsonian drugs.

Purpose: To assess the treatment outcome of the combination of low-dose amantadine and escitalopram in the study population.

Methods: A retrospective study of PSP and MSA patients from June 2021 to December 2022 treated with the dose of amantadine 100 mg and escitalopram 5 mg per day with a follow-up of 2 months at a tertiary care centre in India. The primary outcome measure was a change in the PSP and MSA severity rating scale scores, while cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms and functionality scale scores were secondary outcomes on follow-up visits. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman rank test were used to analyse the data.

Results: A total of 21 patients (8 PSP and 13 MSA), including 19 males, with a mean age of 72.84 years, were included. The mean total PSP rating scale score had a significant decline from baseline to week 2 and 8 ( p < .001), along with the scores for limb symptoms ( p < .001), ocular ( p = .001), history ( p = .003), gait ( p = .007), mentation ( p = .014) and bulbar ( p = .018) symptoms. Similarly, the mean score of the MSA rating scale significantly decreased on follow-up visits ( p < .001). The cognition, functional disability and behavioural symptoms scores also had significant improvement with p < .01.

Conclusion: The PSP and MSA patients had clinically significant improvement with the combination treatment in both motor and non-motor domains. Further prospective trials for longer durations are needed to establish the effect size and stability of response.
Antihistaminic, Antiarthritic, and Antiobesity Activities of Yellow Horn Poppy Natural Products
Authors: Ashour Mohamed A. , Soomro Samreen
Published: February 2024

Background

Yellow horn poppy ( Glaucium flavum, syn. Chelidonium flavum) in the family Papaveraceae, is growing in many geographical areas; it is mostly native to Northern Africa, Western Asia, and Europe. The plant is well known for its different types of alkaloids, including aporphines, protopines, and phenolic compounds. In Eastern Europe, the HCl and HBr salts of glaucine (the common active constituent in G. flavum) have been approved as cough suppressants, in addition to several therapeutic applications in traditional medicine. The natural products of G. flavum varied according to the geographical habitat, the stage of maturity, and the selected plant organ.

Materials and Methods

For the first time, the extraction and isolation of natural products (alkaloids and flavonoids) from dried aerial parts of the Libyan population of yellow horn poppy and testing their biological effects, which include antihistaminic, antiarthritic, and antiobesity effects.

Results

Alkaloids (glaucine and isoboldine) and flavonoid constituents (quercetin-7- O-rutinoside and rutin) have been isolated, while the biological activity results showed that quercetin-7- O-rutinoside and rutin showed half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) (µg) = 29.7 and 46.6, 26.2 and 61.3, and 58.8 and 50.1 for antihistaminic, antiarthritic, and antiobesity, respectively, compared with those of glaucine and isoboldine effects, IC50 = 77.4 and 159.3, 61.7 and 118.7, and 237.8 and 157.6, respectively.

Conclusion

According to the obtained results, the antihistaminic, antiarthritic, and antiobesity effects of the flavonoid compounds were stronger than those of the alkaloidal constituents of yellow horn poppy.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Offers New Ideas for the Treatment of Osteoporosis Through Multi-method Interventions in Ferroptosis
Authors: Sun Weikang , Shao Zichen , Yuan Qipeng , Li Huanan
Published: February 2024

Osteoporosis, a chronic metabolic bone disease, has a serious impact on the quality of life of postmenopausal women and elderly men. Its prevalence is on the rise as the population ages worldwide. There are many drawbacks to the current clinical approaches to treatment, and traditional chinese medicine (TCM) has long had a unique advantage in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. As research in the field of ferroptosis continues to intensify, the study of TCM has become a hot area in the treatment of the disease through multimethod interventions for ferroptosis. Based on this, this study searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases using osteoporosis, TCM, and ferroptosis as keywords. Up to April 2023, research literature on the relationship between TCM, osteoporosis, and ferroptosis was collected. The results found a strong relationship between the main regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and osteoporosis. TCM methods with good therapeutic effects on osteoporosis, such as Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Curcumae longae, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Astragalus membranaceus, Bushen Huanjing Recipe, and external treatment of TCM, can all achieve interventions on ferroptosis under different pathways. It provides a new theoretical basis and research direction for the future treatment of osteoporosis through multiple methods of TCM to intervene in ferroptosis.

Traditional Chinese Medicine, chinese herbal medicine, osteoporosis, ferroptosis, osteoblasts, osteoclasts