bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scuola società / scuola città. Intervista a Marco Rossi-Doria
Authors: Micaela Bordin
Published: June 2024

L’edizione italiana de “Il bambino e la città” di Colin Ward è introdotta da Marco Rossi Doria. È da quel libro e da una idea di città come risorsa importante, perché offre alle bambine/i e alle ragazze/i un’educazione diffusa a partire da tutti i suoi spazi, che si snoda l’intervista a uno dei più autorevoli esperti di politiche educative e sociali, in prima linea per la difesa dei diritti dei bambini e delle bambine. Maestro dal 1975, Marco Rossi Doria ha insegnato nei quartieri difficili di Roma, Napoli, negli Stati Uniti, in Kenya e in Francia. Primo maestro di strada, ha fondato il progetto “Chance” – scuola pubblica di seconda occasione. Ha ricevuto dal presidente della Repubblica la Medaglia d’oro per la cultura, l’educazione e la scuola nel 2001. Ha fondato l’Associazione “If-Imparare a fare”. Oggi presidente dell’impresa sociale “Con i Bambini”, soggetto attuatore del Fondo per il contrasto della povertà educativa minorile.
Le scuole di Guido Canella. Tipo forma e comportamento
Authors: Tommaso Brighenti
Published: June 2024

Con questo testo si vuole ripercorre, brevemente, l’esperienza di uno dei principali maestri dell’architettura italiana, Guido Canella, in particolare ripartendo dal periodo legato alla formazione di una precisa idea di architettura maturata durante gli anni in cui era un giovane docente al Politecnico di Milano e di come questa formazione trova un riscontro diretto nelle sue opere costruite, focalizzandosi su una tipologia in particolare che ha caratterizzato l’opera e la ricerca di Canella: l’edificio scolastico. Queste ricerche condotte a scuola, inizialmente a fianco di Ernesto N. Rogers, hanno trovato poi esito in diverse opere costruite nelle quali l’attività scolastica, per mezzo di una progressiva “dilatazione tipologica”, si integra a un articolato lavoro sulla funzione in grado di trasformare il tradizionale edificio scolastico in edificio pubblico.
The drawing of the architecture. Project and writings
Authors: Lucia Miodini
Published: June 2024

The essay examines the debate on architectural design in the early eighties. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the history of the working meetings Il disegno dell'architettura, organized by the Centro Studi e Archivio della Comunicazione of the University of Parma on 23-24 October 1980. A conference, which coincides with the opening to the public of the collections of the Project Department, today the Project Section, in which the greatest designers and historians of architecture of our country participate. The speeches get to the heart of the debate on the reform of national cultural institutions. A contribution to the study of architectural design, a material space for theoretical reflection and research, emancipated from the univocal relationship with constructive and professional practice.
New Types/One Type. Edifici complessi e spazio pubblico nei nuovi insediamenti rurali dell’Agro Pontino
Authors: Margione Emanuela
Published: June 2024

I Complex Buildings possono essere definiti come sistemi complessi la cui spazialità, trascendendo la scala architettonica e urbana, è caratterizzata dalla promiscuità di spazi antitetici come interno/esterno e pubblico/privato. I Complex Buildings si costituiscono quindi di contro-spazi ovvero luoghi in cui la smaterializzazione fisica di limiti architettonici precostituiti genera delle vere e proprie eterotopie. Il tema dei Complex Building ha recentemente riconquistato spazio all’interno del dibattito accademico grazie a ricerche volte a definirne le origini tipologiche. Questo testo tenta quindi di apportare un contributo a questo filone di ricerche attraverso la descrizione di quelle nuove tipologie sperimentate nel corso del processo di modernizzazione rurale dell’Agro Pontino.
Un condensatore sociale rurale. La fattoria collettiva di Nakotne come risorsa e come sfida
Authors: Batkova Yuliia , Nameda Lazda Laine
Published: June 2024

Attualmente, la collettivizzazione imposta dal regime sovietico può essere considerata solo in retrospettiva; ciononostante, l’ambiente costruito che ne è conseguito, pur avendo perso la funzione e il significato originari, continua a caratterizzare il paesaggio. Questo contributo prende in esame il caso di Nākotne (Lettonia), una azienda agricola collettiva istituita nel periodo sovietico la cui eccezionalità deriva dalla complessità dell’impianto, dal carattere dei suoi edifici, e dalla modalità di gestione. In questo caso, il presidente e l’architetto capo della fattoria collettiva scardinarono la standardizzazione imposta dal regime sovietico, favorendo la sperimentazione progettuale. In questo senso, risulta esemplare il Centro sportivo e culturale di Nākotne: un vero e proprio condensatore sociale, il possibile riuso in un diverso contesto politico-culturale che pone anche un problema di architettura.
Skopje: concrete vs fiction. Dall’internazionalismo all’etnonazionalismo
Authors: Tornatora Marina , Bajkovski Blagoja
Published: June 2024

Il rinnovato interesse per l’architettura brutalista balcanica che contrassegna il recente dibattito architettonico non risponde solo alla necessità di colmare un evidente vuoto storiografico, ma testimonia l’emergere di un diverso punto di vista verso un patrimonio che ancora oggi rappresenta un’importante ricerca della cultura architettonica e urbana degli anni ’60 e ‘70. A partire da tali presupposti, il contributo approfondisce la città di Skopje, capitale della Macedonia del Nord, assunta come caso paradigmatico del processo di modernizzazione dei paesi dell’ex-Jugoslavia, dove il patrimonio architettonico e culturale costruito dopo il terremoto del ’63 su master plan di Kenzo Tange, oggi rischia di essere cancellato, sottoposto a devastanti trasformazioni derivate dal Piano di rinnovamento urbano (SK2014).
Indifferente al luogo: un tipo architettonico per Madrid
Authors: entresitio Estudio
Published: June 2024

Il testo è frutto di una intervista a cura di Sahar Taheri allo studio.entresitio relativa a tre centri sanitari di Madrid, denominati ‘3*1’. Essi condividono una forma comune pur essendo distinte le localizzazioni all’interno del tessuto urbano. Cosicchè i tre centri incarnano una strategia di ‘edificio senza luogo’, offrendo autonomia formale e flessibilità concettuale. Viene introdotto il concetto di ‘barre programmatiche’, sottolineando l’aggregazione rispetto alla suddivisione nella progettazione del programma sanitario. La trilogia rappresenta approcci innovativi di progettazione, conciliando opposti e creando strutture sanitarie coerenti e adattabili.
Immagini che innamorano
Authors: Clemente Ildebrando
Published: June 2024

La ricerca impossibile in architettura, ovvero l’impossibile come ricerca, l’impossibile con tutto il suo carico di tentazioni e speranze è assunto in questo articolo come energia rivitalizzante i significati che favoriscono una buona nascita del progetto di architettura. Si tratta dell’impossibile fare immagini capaci di riflettere, potenziandoli reciprocamente, dimensione logica e dimensione simbolica delle forme dell’architettura. Ricerca impossibile da ridurre alla sola ragione discorsiva della produzione di significati generati dal mondo dell’informazione informatico/mediatica ma necessaria per risvegliare l’intreccio costitutivo di una concezione immaginativa del progetto di architettura e costitutiva dell’anima della realtà.
Pretese di equivalenza. De Carlo, Woods e il mat-building
Authors: Zuddas Francesco
Published: June 2024

Tra gli anni ’60 e ’70 l’università è attraversata da un clima d’irrequietudine che sfocia nel suo riversamento sulla città attraverso le proteste studentesche. L’incontro tra città e università è fatto propria dalla cultura architettonica e trasformato in una delle più usate e abusate metafore per legittimare un’ipotetica svolta epistemologica dal dogma funzionalista. Considerando il lavoro progettuale e intellettuale di Shadrach Woods e Giancarlo De Carlo sul tema del ripensamento dell’università, questo scritto discute due approcci apparentemente simili nelle intenzioni – al punto di essere raggruppati sotto la stessa etichetta del “mat-building” - ma profondamente differenti nel modo di definire i modi in cui il progetto di architettura possa rispondere alla metafora università=città.
Formative Interactions: International Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of Academic Advising
Authors: Longbottom W. George
Published: June 2024

Although research has extensively documented international students’ adjustment and acculturation challenges, the role of academic advising in assisting with such challenges has received scarce empirical attention. This phenomenological study explored how international students’ communications with their academic advisors influenced their educational adjustment and growth in a university setting. Semi structured interviews with 15 international students revealed three overarching themes: advisor-advisee interactions, quality of information, and advising limits vis-à-vis international student issues. Using validation theory, this study’s discussion and recommendations centered on advising practices that fostered or hindered international students’ perceptions of academic advising.
Academic Case Management and College Student Retention
Authors: Dills Angela , Traywick Deaver
Published: June 2024

Many institutions of higher education struggle with low retention rates. One state liberal arts college addressed this concern by assigning an academic case manager to higher risk students. This project evaluated the effectiveness of the case manager on student credit hours and retention using a randomized control trial. The case manager contacted assigned students regularly, meeting with students and helping them navigate college and their classes. We found that students randomly assigned to the case manager earned higher grades, completed more credits, and were more likely to return to campus the second semester of the academic year.
Examining Experiences of Academic Advisors of Color Using a Critical Race Framework
Authors: Spratley Sophie L. , Suarez Cecilia E.
Published: June 2024

Part of a larger study exploring leadership development opportunities for academic advisors of color at a predominantly white institution, this paper focuses on the lived experiences of academic advisors of color. Through an understanding of race theory, a critical race lens is used to examine the predominantly white institution and the narratives of academic advisors of color in this racialized setting. This qualitative study explored advisors’ experiences with the structure of academic advising, their racialized experiences, and how race is addressed in the workplace. Implications for institutions of higher education are discussed, including how an understanding of the experiences of academic advisors of color can aid in challenging dominant narratives and practices within institutions of higher education.
A scoping review of pain resulting from the endotracheal suctioning of paediatric intensive care patients
Authors: Alaca Aslı , Sarı Hatice Yıldırım , Yilmaz Medine , Yayla Kemal
Published: June 2024

Background:

This scoping review was conducted to summarise and map studies on pain resulting from endotracheal suctioning in paediatric intensive care patients.

Method:

This scoping review conducted in June 2022 was performed by screening articles published in English. Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, MedLine and Ovid databases were used for screening. The keywords ‘endotracheal suctioning’, ‘pain’, ‘paediatric intensive care’ and their synonyms were used in the search.

Results:

During the review, 280 articles were accessed, and the full texts of 14 articles were evaluated for suitability. After some of the articles were excluded from the study, abstracts of nine articles were given below.

Conclusion:

It is recommended that a greater number of randomised controlled studies should be conducted, because the number of studies with a high level of evidence on the effect of endotracheal suctioning on the pain levels of patients in the paediatric intensive care unit is very few.
Three-Point Hitch Dynamometer for Measuring Tractor-Implement Forces
Authors: Cedík Jakub , Pražan Radek , Šleger Vladimír , Havlícek Martin , Lopot František , Rybanský Marian , Pexa Martin
Published: June 2024

Highlights

A double-frame dynamometer for the three-point hitch of the tractor was presented.

The dynamometer offers three-dimensional force measurement of tractor-implement force up to 400 kN.

Dynamometer was tested during the in-field measurement using two tillage implements.

Maximum achieved tractor-implement force during the in-field measurement was 164 kN.

Abstract. Determination of the traction forces between the tractor and its implement is important due to optimal utilization of tractor power and its connected implement, estimation of soil properties or strength, and fatigue studies. The working width of agriculture implements is increasing, which demands higher traction forces. The article presents the design and test in-field measurement of a double-frame dynamometer for the three-point hitch of the tractors, which can measure forces up to 400 kN. The dynamometer is equipped with six force transducers positioned so that force measurement on all axes is possible. The connection of the dynamometer follows the standard ISO 730. The design of the dynamometer and force calculations are presented. The in-field measurement was performed using disc and chisel tillage implements at different tillage depths. The increasing magnitude of the resultant traction force with increasing tillage depth and the effect of the geometry of tillage machines were found. Keywords: Dynamometer, Force measurement, Soil tillage, Three-point hitch, Traction force, Tractor.
Irradiance-tailoring integral-illumination polarization homogenizer based on anamorphic aspheric microlens arrays
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhu Jingping , Chen Chen , Hou Xun , Wang Yongtian
Published: June 2024

In the realm of active polarization detection systems, the imperative for polarization illumination systems with high-uniformity and predefined-shape irradiance distribution is evident. This paper introduces a novel anamorphic aspheric (AAS) microlens array (MLA) integral polarization homogenizer, incorporating projection MLA (PMLA), condenser MLA (CMLA), polarization film (PF), and a sub-image array (SIA) mask based on Kohler illumination principles. Firstly, the optimal design of an AAS-based projection sub-lens is proposed to facilitate the creation of a short-working-distance, predefined-geometric and sharp polarization irradiance tailoring. The SIA mask is constituted by plenty of predistortion SIs, which are generated through a combination of chief ray tracing and the radial basis function (RBF) image warping method. In addition, accompanied with tolerance sensitivity analysis, detailed analysis of stray light generation factors and proposed elimination or suppression methods further ensure the engineering reliability and stability of the proposed system. A compact integral-illumination polarization homogenizer design example is realized with an overall irradiance uniformity exceeding 90% and a volume of 25 mm × 25 mm × 18.25 mm. Different predefined-geometrical-profile and high-uniformity polarization irradiance distribution can be achieved by substituting different SIA masks and PFs, without replacing MLA optical elements, which greatly saves cost. Substantial simulations and experiments corroborate the efficacy of our polarization homogenizer.
From breather soliton molecules to chaos in a laser cavity: the scenario of intermittent transitions
Authors: Lu Xiaowei , Liu Runmin , Guo Mingyu , Zou Defeng , Song Youjian
Published: June 2024

Intermittency is widely observed in various nonlinear dynamical systems as an intriguing transient dynamic far from equilibrium. The internal dynamics formed by a pair of interacting optical solitons are often analogized to typical nonlinear systems. However, whether intermittency exists within the intramolecular motion remains to be investigated. Here, we study the intermittent dynamics of soliton molecules in ultrafast lasers, employing balanced optical cross-correlation techniques with sub-femtosecond temporal resolution. We demonstrate the occurrence of the bursting phase of intense variations of pulse separation within regular breather rhythms. In addition, we discover the intermittent transitions route to chaotic soliton molecules, facilitated by gain control. A series of analysis methods are used to assess the chaotic signals, providing compelling experimental evidence that soliton molecules can be analogized to their matter molecule counterparts. Our experimental findings shed light on the non-equilibrium intramolecular dynamics, providing insight into the transition of the attractors within interacting dissipative solitons in laser and fiber resonators.
On the thermal stability of multilayer optics for use with high X-ray intensities
Authors: Zakharova Margarita , Rek Zlatko , Šarler Božidar , Bajt Saša
Published: June 2024

High-intensity X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beams require optics made of materials with minimal radiation absorption, high diffraction efficiency, and high radiation hardness. Multilayer Laue lenses (MLLs) are diffraction-based X-ray optics that can focus XFEL beams, as already demonstrated with tungsten carbide/silicon carbide (WC/SiC)-based MLLs. However, high atomic number materials such as tungsten strongly absorb X-rays, resulting in high heat loads. Numerical simulations predict much lower heat loads in MLLs consisting of low atomic number Z materials, although such MLLs have narrower rocking curve widths. In this paper, we first screen various multilayer candidates and then focus on Mo2C/SiC multilayer due to its high diffraction efficiency. According to numerical simulations, the maximum temperature in this multilayer should remain below 300°C if the MLL made out of this multilayer is exposed to an XFEL beam of 17.5 keV photon energy, 1 mJ energy per pulse and 10 kHz pulse repetition rate. To understand the thermal stability of the Mo2C/SiC multilayer, we performed a study on the multilayers of three different periods (1.5, 5, and 12 nm) and different Mo2C to SiC ratios. We monitored their periods, crystallinity, and stress as a function of annealing temperature for two different heating rates. The results presented in this paper indicate that Mo2C/SiC-based MLLs are viable for focusing XFEL beams without being damaged under these conditions.
Electrically engineering synthetic magnetic fields for polarized photons
Authors: Liu Guohua , Zeng Zepei , Lin Haolin , Hu Yanwen , Li Zhen , Chen Zhenqiang , Fu Shenhe
Published: June 2024

Polarized photons are, in essence, neutral particles and therefore do not couple directly to external fields, thus hampering the effective interaction of photons with external fields. Here, we theoretically identify an equivalent spin-1/2 model for polarized photons and synthesize a magnetization vector for coupling differently polarized photons in an engineered anisotropic medium. The synthetic magnetic field can be electrically engineered to manipulate the magnetic moments of the pseudo-spin-1/2 photons, leading to observation of the Lorentz force and analogous Stern–Gerlach effect. We experimentally demonstrate these fundamental effects by using different spins, including purely single-polarization spins and mutually two-polarization mixing spins. We also demonstrate the higher-order Stern–Gerlach effect by using spins having nontrivial topological structures. Our findings could enable polarization-based elements with potential applications in polarization selection and conversion, benefiting classical and quantum information processing.
Protein loop structure prediction by community-based deep learning and its application to antibody CDR H3 loop modeling
Authors: Woo Hyeonuk , Kim Yubeen , Seok Chaok
Published: June 2024

As of now, more than 60 years have passed since the first determination of protein structures through crystallography, and a significant portion of protein structures can be predicted by computers. This is due to the groundbreaking enhancement in protein structure prediction achieved through neural network training utilizing extensive sequence and structure data. However, substantial challenges persist in structure prediction due to limited data availability, with antibody structure prediction standing as one such challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network architecture that effectively enables structure prediction by reflecting the inherent combinatorial nature involved in protein structure formation. The core idea of this neural network architecture is not solely to track and generate a single structure but rather to form a community of multiple structures and pursue accurate structure prediction by exchanging information among community members. Applying this concept to antibody CDR H3 loop structure prediction resulted in improved structure sampling. Such an approach could be applied in the structural and functional studies of proteins, particularly in exploring various physiological processes mediated by loops. Moreover, it holds potential in addressing various other types of combinatorial structure prediction and design problems.
Genetic evidence for functional diversification of gram-negative intermembrane phospholipid transporters
Authors: Rai Ashutosh K. , Sawasato Katsuhiro , Bennett Haley C. , Kozlova Anastasiia , Sparagna Genevieve C. , Bogdanov Mikhail , Mitchell Angela M.
Published: June 2024

The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is a barrier to chemical and physical stress. Phospholipid transport between the inner and outer membranes has been an area of intense investigation and, in E. coli K-12, it has recently been shown to be mediated by YhdP, TamB, and YdbH, which are suggested to provide hydrophobic channels for phospholipid diffusion, with YhdP and TamB playing the major roles. However, YhdP and TamB have different phenotypes suggesting distinct functions. It remains unclear whether these functions are related to phospholipid metabolism. We investigated a synthetic cold sensitivity caused by deletion of fadR, a transcriptional regulator controlling fatty acid degradation and unsaturated fatty acid production, and yhdP, but not by ΔtamB ΔfadR or ΔydbH ΔfadR. Deletion of tamB recuses the ΔyhdP ΔfadR cold sensitivity further demonstrating the phenotype is related to functional diversification between these genes. The ΔyhdP ΔfadR strain shows a greater increase in cardiolipin upon transfer to the non-permissive temperature and genetically lowering cardiolipin levels can suppress cold sensitivity. These data also reveal a qualitative difference between cardiolipin synthases in E. coli, as deletion of clsA and clsC suppresses cold sensitivity but deletion of clsB does not. Moreover, increased fatty acid saturation is necessary for cold sensitivity and lowering this level genetically or through supplementation of oleic acid suppresses the cold sensitivity of the ΔyhdP ΔfadR strain. Together, our data clearly demonstrate that the diversification of function between YhdP and TamB is related to phospholipid metabolism. Although indirect regulatory effects are possible, we favor the parsimonious hypothesis that YhdP and TamB have differential phospholipid-substrate transport preferences. Thus, our data provide a potential mechanism for independent control of the phospholipid composition of the inner and outer membranes in response to changing conditions based on regulation of abundance or activity of YhdP and TamB.
COVID-19’s myths, facts, concerning and obstinate posts on social network, and the mental health status of social network users in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam A. F. M. Mahmudul , Ahmed Khandaker Tanveer , Raihan Md. Abu , Ahmed Tania , Hossain Md. Selim , Eshad Md. Khairul Alam , Mahmud Md. Hasan , Shill Pabittra Kumar , Islam Shahenul , Siraj Md Afjalus
Published: June 2024

Myths, misinformation, facts like posts spread by social media during COVID-19 pandemic had an enormous effect on psychological health. This study aimed to investigate social media based COVID-19’s posts and the psychological health status of participants. A cross-sectional, online survey-based study was conducted in between April to October 2021 using a structured and semi-structured questionnaire, predominantly involving 1200 active social network users in Bangladesh. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), while the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) measured insomnia severity for selected participants. Internal reliabilities were calculated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (cut-off point 0.70). Unrelated multivariate logistic regression explored correlations among outcome errors, with the model assessing the impact of selected independent variables on mental health. The findings demonstrated that 27.8% individuals spread facts whereas 7.4% spread myths and misinformation about COVID-19 on social networks. Furthermore, 28.1% and 36.7% shared obstinate and concerning posts respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, ranging from mild to extremely severe, were 43.9%, 30.9%, and 23.8% respectively. However, 2.8% had severe level of insomnia. Facts, myths, tour attending, and no mask group photos were significantly associated with anxiety, and less likelihood of experiencing anxiety. Interestingly, circulating such activities on social networks had no significant association with depression, stress, or insomnia. The spread of misinformation on social media undermines any efforts to contain COVID-19 infection. The findings hugely recommend of using fact checking facilities and adaptation to the pandemic situations to maintain lower prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia.
Enhancing semantic segmentation in chest X-ray images through image preprocessing: ps-KDE for pixel-wise substitution by kernel density estimation
Authors: Wang Yuanchen , Guo Yujie , Wang Ziqi , Yu Linzi , Yan Yujie , Gu Zifan
Published: June 2024

Background

In medical imaging, the integration of deep-learning-based semantic segmentation algorithms with preprocessing techniques can reduce the need for human annotation and advance disease classification. Among established preprocessing techniques, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) has demonstrated efficacy in improving segmentation algorithms across various modalities, such as X-rays and CT. However, there remains a demand for improved contrast enhancement methods considering the heterogeneity of datasets and the various contrasts across different anatomic structures.

Method

This study proposes a novel preprocessing technique, ps-KDE, to investigate its impact on deep learning algorithms to segment major organs in posterior-anterior chest X-rays. Ps-KDE augments image contrast by substituting pixel values based on their normalized frequency across all images. We evaluate our approach on a U-Net architecture with ResNet34 backbone pre-trained on ImageNet. Five separate models are trained to segment the heart, left lung, right lung, left clavicle, and right clavicle.

Results

The model trained to segment the left lung using ps-KDE achieved a Dice score of 0.780 (SD = 0.13), while that of trained on CLAHE achieved a Dice score of 0.717 (SD = 0.19), p<0.01. ps-KDE also appears to be more robust as CLAHE-based models misclassified right lungs in select test images for the left lung model. The algorithm for performing ps-KDE is available at https://github.com/wyc79/ps-KDE.

Discussion

Our results suggest that ps-KDE offers advantages over current preprocessing techniques when segmenting certain lung regions. This could be beneficial in subsequent analyses such as disease classification and risk stratification.
Selection of host plants for production of Clanis bilineata (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Guo Mingming , Li Kebin , Li Song , Feng Honglin , Fan Jiwei
Published: June 2024

Clanis bilineata Walker (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), a burgeoning edible insect, is experiencing rising demand in China and other regions. Despite this interest, larval production is currently constrained by the limitations of artificial production technologies, particularly the selection of optimal host plants. This study rigorously evaluated the performance of C. bilineatha larvae on four main host plants: round-leaf soybean, pointed-leaf soybean, black locust, and kudzu. Preference tests demonstrated that the larvae were most attracted to black locust (34.76 ± 4.65%), with subsequent preferences for kudzu (25.00 ± 6.12%), round-leaf soybean (23.17 ± 2.79%), and pointed-leaf soybean (14.02 ± 4.74%). No significant preference differences were noted between round-leaf soybean and either black locust or kudzu. In feeding assays, the larvae exhibited a marked preference for round-leaf soybean (37.36 ± 0.81 g, total feeding amount for larvae), followed by kudzu (37.26 ± 0.82 g), pointed-leaf soybean (35.38 ± 1.31 g), and black locust (28.53 ± 0.81 g). When the larvae were fed on round-leaf soybean, they exhibited significantly higher survival rate (39.33 ± 0.90%), body weight (9.75 ± 0.07 g), total biomass (383.43 ± 7.35 g), pupation rate (87.78 ± 1.73%), and egg production (189.80 ± 1.06 eggs/female) compared to other hosts. These findings uncovered that round-leaf soybean significantly enhances larval performance, suggesting its potential for improving C. bilineata larval production and sustainability in cultivation systems.
Deformation investigation of electromagnetic diaphragm pump rubber diaphragm
Authors: Liao Yu , Wang Heng , Chen Biao , Liu Yinshui
Published: June 2024

A diaphragm pump is a type of volumetric pump that has excellent sealing performance. An electromagnetic diaphragm pump is a kind of widely adopted diaphragm pump that has a simple structure, low power loss, and high cost performance. However, the calculation method of deformation for the electromagnetic diaphragm pump rubber diaphragm is presently lacking. Herein, a calculating method of deformation for the electromagnetic diaphragm pump rubber diaphragm is proposed. By establishing and analyzing a deformation model of the electromagnetic diaphragm pump rubber diaphragm, a theoretical relationship between the deformation of the electromagnetic diaphragm pump rubber diaphragm, the size of the electromagnetic diaphragm pump rubber diaphragm and the pressure of fluid is determined. The experimental results indicate that the biggest difference between the tested axial deformation and the calculated axial deformation of the electromagnetic diaphragm pump rubber diaphragm is 0.04 mm and the calculation results show agreement with the experimental results.
Exploring the influence of weather variability and climate change on health outcomes in people living with dementia: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Astolphi Lima Camila , Alsunaidi Sara , Lowe Samuel , Hogan David B. , Dennett Liz , Jones C. Allyson , Yamamoto Shelby
Published: June 2024

Environmental factors resulting from climate change and air pollution are risk factors for many chronic conditions including dementia. Although research has shown the impacts of air pollution in terms of cognitive status, less is known about the association between climate change and specific health-related outcomes of older people living with dementia. In response, we outline a scoping review protocol to systematically review the published literature regarding the evidence of climate change, including temperature and weather variability, on health-related quality of life, morbidity, mobility, falls, the utilization of health resources, and mortality among older adults living with dementia. This scoping review will be guided by the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. Electronic search (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science) using relevant subject headings and synonyms for two concepts (older people with dementia, weather/ climate change). No publication date or other restrictions will be applied to the search strategy. No language restriction will be applied in order to understand the impact of non-English studies in the literature. Eligible studies must include older adults (65+years) with dementia living in the community and investigate the impacts of climate change and/or weather on their health-related quality of life, morbidity, mobility, falls, use of health resources and mortality. Two independent reviewers will screen abstracts and select those for a full-text review, perform these reviews, select articles for retention, and extract data from them in a standardized manner. This data will then be synthesized and interpreted. OSF registration: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/YRFM8.
A homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence screen to identify SIRT2 deacetylase and defatty-acylase inhibitors
Authors: Yang Jie , Cassel Joel , Boyle Brian C. , Oppong Daniel , Ahn Young-Hoon , Weiser Brian P.
Published: June 2024

Human sirtuin-2 (SIRT2) has emerged as an attractive drug target for a variety of diseases. The enzyme is a deacylase that can remove chemically different acyl modifications from protein lysine residues. Here, we developed a high-throughput screen based on a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) binding assay to identify inhibitors of SIRT2’s demyristoylase activity, which is uncommon among many ligands that only affect its deacetylase activity. From a test screen of 9600 compounds, we identified a small molecule that inhibited SIRT2’s deacetylase activity (IC50 = 7 μM) as well as its demyristoylase activity (IC50 = 37 μM). The inhibitor was composed of two small fragments that independently inhibited SIRT2: a halogenated phenol fragment inhibited its deacetylase activity, and a tricyclic thiazolobenzimidazole fragment inhibited its demyristoylase activity. The high-throughput screen also detected multiple deacetylase-specific SIRT2 inhibitors.
No detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus RNA in blood, urine or saliva of hospitalised immunocompetent tick-borne encephalitis patients
Authors: Quarsten Hanne , Andreassen Åshild K. , Paulsen Katrine M. , Diekmann Maria J. , Eikeland Randi , Helleren Rita , Bergström Tomas , Noraas Sølvi , Lorentzen Åslaug R.
Published: June 2024

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is usually diagnosed based on the presence of TBE virus (TBEV)-specific IgM and IgG antibodies in serum. However, antibodies induced by vaccination or cross-reactivity to previous flavivirus infections may result in false positive TBEV serology. Detection of TBEV RNA may be an alternative diagnostic approach to detect viral presence and circumvent the diagnostic difficulties present when using serology. Viral RNA in blood is commonly detectable only in the first viremic phase usually lasting up to two weeks, and not in the second neurologic phase, when the patients contact the health care system and undergo diagnostic work-up. TBEV RNA has previously been detected in urine in a few retrospective TBE cases in the neurologic phase, and furthermore RNA of other flaviviruses has been detected in patient saliva. In this study, blood, saliva and urine were collected from 31 hospitalised immunocompetent patients with pleocytosis and symptoms of aseptic meningitis and/or encephalitis, suspected to have TBE. We wanted to pursue if molecular testing of TBEV RNA in these patient materials may be useful in the diagnostics. Eleven of the 31 study patients were diagnosed with TBE based on ELISA detection of TBEV specific IgG and IgM antibodies. None of the study patients had TBEV RNA detectable in any of the collected patient material.
The analysis of the histomorphometric characteristics and ultrastructural features of the liver in response to environmental cycle desynchronization in the wild desert rodent (Gerbillus tarabuli)
Authors: Derbouz Rouibate Amina , Benhafri Nadir , Ouali-Hassenaoui Saliha , Dekar- Madoui Aicha
Published: June 2024

The architecture of the hepatic tissue in the nocturnal wild desert rodent (Gerbillus tarabuli) subjected to a shifted LD (Light/Dark) cycle was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and histomorphometry. Investigation involved two groups: the control group (n = 5), exposed to the regular LD cycle (LD: 12:12), and the shifted group (n = 5), exposed to the LD regimen with a prolonged light phase of 8 h, in a day by day alternation with regular LD cycle (LD: 12:12 / LD: 20:4) during 12 weeks. Histological examination showed in the shifted group disorganization of hepatocyte trabeculae, sinusoidal dilatation, and inflammatory cell infiltration around the portal tracts. Morphometric results revealed hypertrophy of hepatocytes with a size of 29.83 ± 1.69 μm vs. 17.52 ± 0.81 μm and of their nuclei diameter with 8.69 ± 0.25 μm vs. 6.55 ± 0.15 μm. This increase is highly significant (p<0.001) and represents an increase of 70.17% and 32.67%, respectively. We also noticed a significant increase in the number of binucleated cells compared to the control group with an average of 9.73 ± 0.98 vs. 5.53 ± 0.38 binucleated hepatocytes per area unit, respectively. Ultrastructural analysis corroborated the histological findings, confirming the installation of inflammatory foci, characterized by portal and intraparenchymal infiltration of leukocytes, proliferation of Kupffer cells and stellate cells, as well as an expansion of collagen fiber deposits. Electron microscopy also revealed in the shifted group some hepatocytic lesional features represented by vacuolar or liquefied cytoplasm associated with degenerative mitochondria and a rarefaction of organelles in addition to an abundance of lysosomes. Additionally, strong glycogen depletion was observed at the metabolic level. This study showed that 12 weeks of lengthening the light phase of the LD cycle, corresponding to the gerbil's resting period, had a discernible impact on hepatocellular activity, making G. tarabuli an interesting model to study the influence of artificial light at night as a circadian rhythm disruptor.
The Niqab Among Pattani, Salafi, and Nahdliyin Students: Piety, Safety, and Identity
Authors: Safitri Lis
Published: June 2024

Saat ini pengguna niqab atau cadar tidak hanya berasal dari Muslimah konservatif melainkan juga dari kalangan Muslimah moderat. Maraknya pengguna cadar membuat resah komunitas termasuk institusi pendidikan Islam karena dikaitkan dengan pertumbuhan radikalisme Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengungkap fenomena penggunaan cadar di IAIN Purwokerto pada tahun 2018-2019. Subjek penelitian diseleksi berdasarkan gender-based yaitu para mahasiswi pengguna cadar yang terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu mahasiswi Pattani, mahasiswi Nahdliyin, dan mahasiswi Salafi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan cadar di IAIN Purwokerto memiliki beberapa tujuan. Mahasiswi Pattani menganggap cadar sebagai media untuk meraih akhlak yang lebih baik. Mereka tidak menyetujui cadar sebagai tolok ukur kesalehan seseorang. Hal tersebut juga diamini oleh mahasiswi Nahdliyin yang menyatakan bahwa religiusitas lebih ditunjukkan oleh ketaatan dan akhlak. Dia memakai cadar dengan alasan kenyamanan. Sementara mahasiswi Salafi menyatakan cadar sebagai identitas, kesalehan, serta kesempurnaan perempuan. Ketiga kelompok mahasiswi tersebut mengakui bahwa cadar memiliki fungsi perlindungan diri bagi pemakainya meskipun hanya pseudo-safety. Pengguna cadar di IAIN Purwokerto sama sekali tidak terafiliasi dengan organisasi ekstremis. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi pihak kampus dalam mengeluarkan kebijakan terkait pengguna cadar di kampus.
[Recently, the niqabi (women who wear niqab) come not only from the conservative but also the more moderate Muslim women. The increasing use of the veil has unsettled communities, including Islamic educational institutions, because it is associated with the rise of radicalism. This qualitative research aims to describe the phenomenon of niqabi student in the Islamic State Institute of Purwokerto (IAIN Purwokerto) between 2018 and 2019. The data were collected thorugh in-depth interviews and observation to three groups of informants: Pattani students, Nahdliyin students, and Salafi students. The data were subjected to Creswell's phenomenological research. The result showed that the niqabi at IAIN Purwokerto had several motives. While Pattani students expected wearing niqab as a medium to achieve better morals, they refused to believe that niqabi women were more pious than their non-niqabi counterparts. Likewise, the Nahdliyin student admitted that the niqab was not necessarily demonstrating individual level of religiosity which is exhibited through their submission to Islamic tenets and good behavior. Meanwhile, Salafi students considered the niqab to be a woman's identity, piety, and perfection. All niqabi students expressed that the niqab has a self-safety function although pseudo safety. Niqabi students at IAIN Purwokerto were not affiliated with radicalism. The result of the study can be used for the campus in issuing policies related to niqabi on campus.]
Las mujeres y sus experiencias del exilio. Una aproximación filosófica
Authors: Ávila Mariela
Published: June 2024

El presente trabajo busca demostrar cómo el reconocimiento y estudio de las narrativas exiliares de mujeres podrían otorgar nuevos registros analíticos y reflexivos al campo de trabajo filosófico sobre castigo político. Para ello, en principio, se lleva a cabo un recorrido por sus orígenes clásicos, griego y romano, destacando que, si bien el exilio ha variado a lo largo de los siglos, hay ciertos elementos constitutivos que se mantienen en sus aplicaciones contemporáneas. Esto lleva a observar el modo en que estos elementos constitutivos del exilio se hacen presentes de una manera particular en la escritura narrativa exilar de mujeres —especialmente en las de las últimas dictaduras cívico-militares del Cono Sur latinoamericano—. Reconocer e incluir estas narrativas experienciales de mujeres en un corpus textual y analítico altamente masculinizado permitiría nuevos acercamientos y proyecciones reflexivas al campo de estudios filosóficos sobre el exilio.
A real‐life snapshot: Evaluating exposures to low energy availability in male athletes from various sports
Authors: Vardardottir Birna , Olafsdottir Anna S. , Gudmundsdottir Sigridur Lara
Published: June 2024

Problematic low energy availability (LEA) is the underlying cause of relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs). Male specific etiology, as well as the duration and degree of LEA exposures resulting in REDs remain to be adequately described. The present study aimed to assess occurrences of LEA (energy availability [EA] <25 kcal/kg fat‐free mass/day) in male athletes from various sports over 7 days. Associations between number of LEA days, physiological measures, and body image concerns were subsequently evaluated. The athletes recorded their weighed food intakes and training via photo‐assisted mobile application. Body composition and resting metabolic rates were measured, and venous blood samples collected for assessments of hormonal and nutrition status. Participants also answered the Low Energy Availability in Males Questionnaire (LEAM‐Q), Eating Disorder Examination—Questionnaire Short (EDE‐QS), Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), and Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI). Of 19 participants, 13 had 0–2, 6 had 3–5, and none had 6–7 LEA days. No associations were found between the number of LEA days with the physiological and body image outcomes, although those with greatest number of LEA days had highest EEE but relatively low dietary intakes. In conclusion, this group displayed considerable day‐to‐day EA fluctuations but no indication of problematic LEA.
Eine Chronik laufender Ereignisse – Über die Bibliothek der ukrainischen Literatur in Moskau
Authors: Hamann Olaf
Published: June 2024

Schon 1918 entstand in Moskau eine Bibliothek ukrainischer Literatur (BUL), die bis zum Ende der 1930er-Jahre ihre Türen offenhielt. Mit der Perestroika wurde diese Idee von Enthusiasten ukrainischer Nationalität aufgegriffen. Mit Unterstützung von Bibliothekaren und der Stadtverwaltung von Moskau entwickelte sich eine lebendige Spezialbibliothek für ukrainische Literatur. Sie konnte sich vor dem Hintergrund guter offizieller Beziehungen zwischen den Regierungen beider Länder zunächst ebenfalls gut entwickeln. Mit der Verschlechterung der zwischenstaatlichen Beziehungen wurde die BUL zu einem Spielball der großen Politik. Der Beitrag beleuchtet diese Entwicklung und verdeutlicht den Einfluss politischer und juristischer Entscheidungen auf die Arbeit Öffentlicher Bibliotheken in Russland.
Pseudogomphonema lukinicum sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new endophytic diatom found inside multicellular red algae from the Northwest Pacific
Authors: Stonik Inna V. , Skriptsova Anna V.
Published: June 2024

In our collections from the Northwest Pacific waters, we found several specimens of the red algae Lukinia dissecta and Callophyllis perestenkoae with darker spots on their thalli, which contained an unusual pennate diatom. A detailed morphological analysis based on light and scanning electron microscopy observations made it possible to describe a new species of endophytic diatom, Pseudogomphonema lukinicum sp. nov. Stonik et Skriptsova. The new species has some morphological features typical of the genus, such as the heteropolarity of the valves, the presence of pseudosepta and small apical chambers at both poles of the valves, and nonporous girdle bands. Pseudogomphonema lukinicum has been described and distinguished from the other species in the genus on the basis of a combination of morphological traits, including relatively small cell dimensions, a slightly asymmetrical valve to the transapical axis, with obtusely rounded headpole and narrower footpole, the large asymmetrical central area, and the presence of apical chambers at both poles. Pseudogomphonema lukinicum is the second representative of Pseudogomphonema known to be living endophytically. The data on the species composition of endophytic diatoms in marine macroalgae, their habitats, and host organisms reported in the literature to date are summarized.
Evolution of interaction-free usage in the wake of AI
Authors: Herrmann Thomas
Published: June 2024

Interaction-free usage (IfU) will be one of the quantitatively dominant forms of computer use in the future. In qualitative terms, this form of use will cover a wide range of applications, also software that supports communication and cooperation. Digital twins for cooperation and communication will be employed by individual users to maintain a variety of social networking activities. Generative AI will play a decisive role in this development, autonomously identifying user needs, replacing the predominant form of use through prompting with question-and-answer dialogs. These dialogs will also be used to preconfigure systems for IfU phases. The counterpart to IfU, which will become ever less-frequent, is intervening interaction, when users intervene to explore and adjust the performance of AI-based systems in exceptional situations or to optimize them for future task handling.