bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an umbilical cord blood transplantation–specific nonrelapse mortality risk assessment score
Authors: Okada Yosuke , Usui Yoshiaki , Hayashi Hiromi , Nishikubo Masashi , Toubai Tomomi , Uchida Naoyuki , Tanaka Masatsugu , Onizuka Makoto , Takahashi Satoshi , Doki Noriko , Uehara Yasufumi , Maruyama Yumiko , Ishiwata Kazuya , Kawakita Toshiro , Sawa Masashi , Eto Tetsuya , Ishimaru Fumihiko , Kato Koji , Fukuda Takahiro , Atsuta Yoshiko , Kanda Junya , Yakushijin Kimikazu , Nakasone Hideki
Published: January 2024

Higher rate of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) remains yet to be resolved in umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT). Considering that UCBT has some unique features compared with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation from other graft sources, a UCBT-specific NRM risk assessment system is required. Thus, in this study, we sought to develop a UCBT-specific NRM Risk Assessment (CoBRA) score. Using a nationwide registry database, we retrospectively analyzed 4437 recipients who had received their first single-unit UCBT. Using the backward elimination method, we constructed the CoBRA score in a training cohort (n = 2687), which consisted of recipients age ≥55 years (score 2), hematopoietic cell transplantation–specific comorbidity index ≥3 (score 2), male recipient, graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis other than tacrolimus in combination with methotrexate, performance status (PS) 2 to 4, HLA allele mismatch ≥ 2, refined Disease Risk Index high risk, myeloablative conditioning, and CD34+ cell doses < 0.82 × 105/kg (score 1 in each). The recipients were categorized into 3 groups: low (0-4 points), intermediate (5-7 points), and high (8-11 points) groups according to the CoBRA score. In the validation cohort (n = 1750), the cumulative incidence of NRM at 2 years was 14.9%, 25.5%, and 47.1% (P < .001), and 2-year overall survival (OS) was 74.2%, 52.7%, and 26.3% (P < .001) in the low, intermediate, and high groups, respectively. In summary, the CoBRA score could predict the NRM risk as well as OS after UCBT. Further external validation will be needed to confirm the significance of the CoBRA score.
A thrombin-driven neural net diagnoses the antiphospholipid syndrome without the need for interruption of anticoagulation
Authors: de Laat-Kremers Romy M. W. , Wahl Denis , Zuily Stéphane , Ninivaggi Marisa , Regnault Véronique , Musial Jacek , de Groot Philip G. , Devreese Katrien M. J. , de Laat Bas
Published: January 2024

Thrombosis is an important manifestation of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The thrombin generation (TG) test is a global hemostasis assay, and increased TG is associated with thrombosis. APS is currently diagnosed based on clinical and laboratory criteria, the latter defined as anti-cardiolipin, anti–β2-glycoprotein I antibodies, or lupus anticoagulant (LA). APS testing is often performed after a thrombotic episode and subsequent administration of anticoagulation, which might hamper the interpretation of clotting assays used for LA testing. We set out to develop an artificial neural network (NN) that can diagnose APS in patients who underwent vitamin K antagonist (VKA) treatment, based on TG test results. Five NNs were trained to diagnose APS in 48 VKA-treated patients with APS and 64 VKA-treated controls, using TG and thrombin dynamics parameters as inputs. The 2 best-performing NNs were selected (accuracy, 96%; sensitivity, 96%-98%; and specificity, 95%-97%) and further validated in an independent cohort of VKA-anticoagulated patients with APS (n = 33) and controls (n = 62). Independent clinical validation favored 1 of the 2 selected NNs, with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 94% for the diagnosis of APS. In conclusion, the combined use of TG and NN methodology allowed for us to develop an NN that diagnoses APS with an accuracy of 92% in individuals with VKA anticoagulation (n = 95). After further clinical validation, the NN could serve as a screening and diagnostic tool for patients with thrombosis, especially because there is no need to interrupt anticoagulant therapy.
F3l: an automated and secure function-level low-overhead labeled encrypted traffic dataset construction method for IM in Android
Authors: Xu Keya , Cheng Guang
Published: January 2024

Fine-grained function-level encrypted traffic classification is an essential approach to maintaining network security. Machine learning and deep learning have become mainstream methods to analyze traffic, and labeled dataset construction is the basis. Android occupies a huge share of the mobile operating system market. Instant Messaging (IM) applications are important tools for people communication. But such applications have complex functions which frequently switched, so it is difficult to obtain function-level labels. The existing function-level public datasets in Android are rare and noisy, leading to research stagnation. Most labeled samples are collected with WLAN devices, which cannot exclude the operating system background traffic. At the same time, other datasets need to obtain root permission or use scripts to simulate user behavior. These collecting methods either destroy the security of the mobile device or ignore the real operation features of users with coarse-grained. Previous work (Chen et al. in Appl Sci 12(22):11731, 2022) proposed a one-stop automated encrypted traffic labeled sample collection, construction, and correlation system, A3C, running at the application-level in Android. This paper analyzes the display characteristics of IM and proposes a function-level low-overhead labeled encrypted traffic datasets construction method for Android, F3L. The supplementary method to A3C monitors UI controls and layouts of the Android system in the foreground. It selects the feature fields of attributes of them for different in-app functions to build an in-app function label matching library for target applications and in-app functions. The deviation of timestamp between function invocation and label identification completion is calibrated to cut traffic samples and map them to corresponding labels. Experiments show that the method can match the correct label within 3 s after the user operation.
Extraction and Industrial Applications of Macro Molecules: A Review
Authors: Famakinwa Abiodun , Ilo Jumoke , Olubi Olakunbi , Oguntibeju Oluwafemi Omoniyi , Wyk Jessy Van , Obilana Anthony
Published: January 2024

Macromolecules, large molecules composed of repeating subunits called monomers, play a crucial role in living organisms, performing diverse functions such as energy storage, structural support, information storage and transfer, and catalysis of chemical reactions. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four major classes of biological macromolecules. Extracting macromolecules from natural resources is critical in developing analytical processes and subsequent fortified products. Public awareness has grown due to using natural resources for environmental preservation and sustainable development. Extraction might be the first step in developing analytical methods and give room to product development. However, conventional techniques use organic solvents like acetone, ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate along with heated or boiling water. As a result, high temperatures and lengthy extraction times are produced when procedures like maceration, percolation, and solvent extraction are utilized. Due to these drawbacks, other extraction techniques have recently started to replace these conventional methods. These conventional procedures frequently entail using an energy source to hasten the transfer of the macromolecules compounds for further processing. This paper explores emerging techniques, such as pulse electric field-assisted extraction, Ionic liquid-based extraction, Subcritical water extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, Enzyme-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasonication-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. The extraction of macromolecules for fortification purposes offers significant health and commercial benefits, addressing nutritional deficits and malnutrition. By understanding each macronutrient's specific benefits and purposes, effective fortification strategies can be developed to maintain a healthy body.
Pectin Based Colorimetric Film for Monitoring Food Freshness
Authors: Sudharsan Meenambiga Setti , Mani Haripriya , Kumar Lakshaya , Pazhamalai Vivek , Hari Sowmya
Published: January 2024

The colours of anthocyanins are sensitive to variations in the pH of the environment. The field of food engineering is seeing a rise in the utilisation of anthocyanins obtained from plants to produce new and active packaging film. A pH-sensitive colorimetric film was developed using anthocyanin recovered from the peel of Phaseolus vulgaris (dark red kidney bean) in conjunction with composite pectin derived from citron peel. Additionally, Anthocyanins could be employed as colorimetric markers to identify food degradation, due to their sensitivity towards pH alterations and the production of ammonia gas. Solvent casting process was used to produce the film which changed from pink to brownish with rising pH due to the ammonia vapour that was produced. The antioxidant and antibacterial abilities of the anthocyanin containing smart films were investigated, and both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth was successfully inhibited. The developed film was characterized for its physical properties such as water solubility, moisture content and swelling index. To examine the structure of the films' surface, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation has been carried out. The film indicator active response to pH fluctuation was demonstrated through tests on samples of chicken meat under various settings, allowing for the real-time monitoring of spoiled foods. This makes monitoring perishable goods, easy, affordable, environmentally friendly and biodegradable pH-sensitive indicator with visible colour change.
Physicochemical, Structural and Rheological Properties of Hawthorn Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Flour
Authors: Quintana Somaris E. , Mendoza Jaime Pérez- , Zapateiro Luis A. García
Published: January 2024

Hawthorn yam has been widely used for the development of food products. The objective of the present work was to investigate the physicochemical, structural, and rheological properties of hawthorn yam flour (CHYF). The identification of chemical composition by proximal and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis; the morphological by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and rheological properties by steady shear test, stress test, frequency sweep, temperature sweep, and pasting properties analysis were done. CHYF presents a high carbohydrate content (80.47 ± 1.14%), followed by the protein content (8.76 ± 0.58%), ash (3.56 ± 0.52%), and the lowest fat content (0.39 ± 0.06%), and different functional groups such as C=O, COO, N–H, and O-H. Flour particles present a particle size between 27 and 43µm, with spherical-oval morphology with a smooth surface. Flours present a non-Newtonian fluid shear-thinning adjusted to the Power Law model (R2 > 0.99), and a characteristic of a typical strong gel material with a storage modulus (G^') higher than loss modulus (G^'') and paste temperature of 81.6 ° C with a Peak Viscosity (PV) of 750 cP. Then, it is a potential source of natural ingredients with technological properties for the food industry and the food sovereignty of many countries in the world.
Production and Characterization of Nata from Yam Bean Juice using Komagataeibacter nataicola TISTR 975
Authors: Chaiyachet Orn Anong
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to produce nata from Komagataeibacter nataicola TISTR 975 using yam bean juice as the fermentation substrate. The chemical components of yam bean juice and the physical characteristics of the produced yam bean nata were investigated. Yam bean nata were processed with juices from lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, Stapf; LG), Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng; GF), and Centella (Centella asiatica; CA) and subsequently subjected to CIELAB value analysis, texture profile analysis (TPA), and sensory evaluation. The wet weight and thickness of yam bean nata were recorded as 130.36 ± 0.45 g and 9.64 ± 0.50 mm, respectively. The color analysis of yam bean nata revealed that the L* value slightly tended toward brightness; the a* value was negative, indicating green; and the b* value shifted toward blue. Upon processing, the yam bean nata with LG, GF, and CA exhibited an L* value tending toward white, an a* value indicating green, and a b* value indicating yellow. TPA results revealed a statistically significant disparity in hardness among the processed yam bean nata. Sensory attribute assessment indicated that processing the yam bean nata with LG, GF, and CA juices increased the liking score for overall acceptability.
Formulation, Nutritional and Sensory Evaluation of Mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour) Noodles with Latoh (Caulerpa lentillifera) Addition
Authors: Wahjuningsih Sri Budi , Anggraeni Dian , Siqhny Zulhaq Dahri , Triputranto Agus , Elianarni Dahlia , Purwitasari Lutfi , Azkia Mita Nurul
Published: January 2024

Instant noodles gained widespread popularity, resulting in a surge in global wheat consumption. However, concerns about the health implications of wheat-based products spurred the need for alternative ingredients in noodle production. The substitution of wheat flour with local resources, such as mocaf flour, and the enrichment of noodles with latoh (Caulerpa lentillifera), provided an opportunity to reduce wheat imports while enhancing the quality and potential health benefits of noodles. This study aimed to determine the optimal formulation, assess the characteristics, and evaluate the functional properties of wheat noodles that were substituted with mocaf flour and supplemented with latoh. The formulation of these noodles was conducted using design expert. The research encompassed a comprehensive analysis of physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties. The presence of latoh, in terms of chemical characteristics, increased the water and protein content in the noodles. On the physical side, it increased the final viscosity, setback, peak time, and elongation, as well as reduced the peak viscosity and breakdown. Meanwhile, the presence of mocaf increased carbohydrate content, peak viscosity, and breakdown value. The variations in noodle formulas only affected consumer acceptance of the appearance of the noodles; the noodle formula 99:1 (Mocaf:Latoh) had the most preferred appearance. Based on the sensory test parameters, the elongation value, and the tensile strength, noodles with optimal formulas were obtained, namely mocaf 63%, wheat 36% and latoh 1%. The optimum formula was similar to sample 10 (60:39:1) which exhibited characteristics such as a bright color, a rather smooth appearance with no cracks, a very soft mouthfeel, a bit springiness and elasticity, and a slightly non-sticky texture to the teeth without a fishy aroma. The essential and non-essential amino acids with the highest concentration contained in the Mocaf Noodles’ optimum formula were glutamate and leucine. Mocaf noodles with added latoh had low fat content but high carbohydrates and were rich in essential amino acids compared to other noodles. Additionally, they possessed sensory characteristics that were deemed acceptable by the panelists.
Quarg Cheese: The Impact of Fat Content Change on its Microstructure, Characterization, Rheology, and Textural Properties
Authors: Singh Shubhendra , Chauhan Anil Kumar , P Aparnna V. , Prakash Ravi , Maiti Pralay , Ranjan Rajeev , Joshi Pallawi
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of different levels of fat content on the microstructure, rheology, and textural characteristics of Quarg cheese. Quarg is a soft unripened cheese variety made by the addition of mesophilic starter cultures (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Leuconostoc citrovorum) and a trace of rennet. The fat levels of cheese were; 6.0 ± 0.01 (QC1), 3.5 ± 0.03 (QC2), 1.5 ± 0.03 (QC3), and 0.5 ± 0.02 (QC4). Statistically significant changes (p< 0.05) were observed in the values of textural parameters. Furthermore, rheological investigations indicated a positive correlation between the reduction in fat percentages and an increase in the hardness of the cheese. The characterization of the sample was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometric techniques. The microstructure of quarg cheese was analyzed using fluorescence microscopy and helped depict the distribution of fat and protein in the cheese matrix. Sensorial properties were superior in cheese samples with higher fat percentages as a virtue of fat content.
Probiotic Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Sui Wu’u: A Traditional Food from Bajawa, West Flores, Indonesia
Authors: Rubak Yuliana Tandi , J.D. Lalel Herianus , Sanam Maxs Urias Ebenhaizar , Nalle Ryan Pieter
Published: January 2024

The probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria originating from traditional food will always be a concern for researchers, along with increasing public awareness of health. One source of LAB isolates with probiotic potential is traditional food. This study aims to investigate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria from Sui Wu’u, a traditional food-based pork originating from Bajawa, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Sui Wu’u was prepared based on method of the Bajawa community and was analyzed after being stored for six months. Total LAB, morphological, and phenotypic identification was carried out as well as testing the ability of isolates to ferment sugar. Probiotics potency was tested on resistance to low pH and gastric acid, resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and exposure to antibiotics. The results indicated that LAB isolated from Sui Wu’u were dominated by the coci form. The four selected isolates had resistance with a survival rate of 88.3%–96.88% when exposed to pH 2.5 and a survival rate of 98.69%–99.03% when exposed to bile salts at 0.3%. Moderate resistance was exhibited by all isolates against E. coli, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus, while no resistance was observed against B. cereus. All strains demonstrated sensitivity to tetracycline, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol but exhibited resistant to streptomycin. All four isolates were identified as Lactococcus lactis. These results show that four strains of Sui Wu’u have demonstrated their potential as probiotics.
Nutritional Profiling, Antioxidant Potential and Collagen Building Properties of Lacto-Fermented, Microencapsulated Guava Juice Powder
Authors: Upadhyay Ratna , Ramamoorthy Siva
Published: January 2024

Fermented products consist beneficial probiotics, which makes these products render improved nutritional properties and health effects. There is a need for research to explore and establish the use of commonly existing fruits in fermented forms for application in skincare and as anti aging solutions.This study has been conducted to establish collagen building and antioxidant potential of fermented guava fruit juice powder.The human dermal fibroblast cells were used to determine the collagen building potential while chemical enzymatic assays were used to evaluate antioxidant properties of fermented guava juice powder (FGJP) .
The antioxidant activity evaluated by the ability to scavenge DPPH radicals showed very high anti-oxidative capacity (IC50 = 0.015 mg/ml) comparable to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.018 mg/ml). This antioxidant potential can be attributed to the presence of various phytonutrients, primarily flavonoid (quercetin equivalent) at a concentration of 38 mcg/mg of the powder.
The Collagen building potential was evaluated on the normal human fibroblast cell line . The levels of Collagen IV involved in skin cell migration, regeneration, and wound healing were estimated. FGJP imparted proliferation ability in NHDF cells at the concentrations of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1mg/ml,which is 31% collagen synthesis against untreated cell control.
This explains that fermented guava juice powder has a collagen building potential along with antioxidant properties. Such product would be helpful in providing a plant based anti aging solutions especially for vegan consumers.The optimized fermented guava juice powder has a shelf life of 45 days when stored at refrigerated conditions with a potential for combating oxidative stress and supporting in alleviating the aging symptoms like fine-line, wrinkle through collagen building.
Phenolic Compounds, Free Radical Scavenging Activity and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Properties of Green, Oolong and Black Sacha Inchi Tea Extract
Authors: Zakaria Zarinah , Mat Shah Nur Hasyimah , Alwi Afnani , Anwar Nurul Zaizuliana Rois , Shahidan Norshazila , Huda Nurul
Published: January 2024

Sacha Inchi leaves may possess antioxidant function which is naturally rich in bioactive ingredients and has been widely processed into herbal teas that has many benefits to human health. According to the global data from the World Health Organization (WHO), there has been a rise in the frequency of diabetes mellitus (DM) among adults. Sacha Inchi tea was prepared using several methods, with green tea not fermented, oolong partially fermented, and black tea completely fermented. The phenolic compounds (total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), tannin), free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and inhibition properties of α-Glucosidase on green, oolong and black Sacha Inchi tea extract were determined. The green Sacha Inchi tea extract displayed the highest TPC and TFC values among the oolong and black Sacha Inchi tea extracts at a concentration of 500µg/mL, with values of 2.10±0.01 µg GAE/mL and 3.23±0.20 µg QE/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, at a concentration of 500µg/mL, Sacha Inchi black tea extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity by DPPH with radical scavenging activity (%) (89.4±0.45). Furthermore, at a concentration of 15.625 µg/mL, black, oolong, and green tea extracts exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on α-Glucosidase (95%, 95%, 92%, respectively) than acarbose (90%). Therefore, the processing steps involved in tea production impact the phenolic compounds, free radical scavenging activity, and the ability to inhibit α-Glucosidase in green, oolong, and black tea extracts.
Evaluation of High Hydrostatic Pressure as an Alternative Method for Camel Milk Preservation
Authors: Aljasass Fahad M , Hamad Siddig H , Aleid Salah M , El Neshwey Ahmed A
Published: January 2024

In this work, high hydrostatic pressure was applied to preserve camel milk. It is used as an alternative method to heat treatment which usually damage some nutrient components of milk. Fresh samples were subjected to pressure treatments at 200-600 Megapascals (MPa) for 5 minutes and 40°C. Treatment at 200 MPa reduced microbial contamination up to 0.12 log cycles. The killing effect increased with increased pressure to exceed three log cycles at pressures up to 400 MPa. Gram negative bacteria were more affected by high pressure treatments that gram positive ones. Enterobacteriaceae can be controlled by pressure treatments up to 300 MPa. Pressure treatments up to 350 MPa can cause clotting of camel milk, a phenomenon not observed in cow or goat milk and also not observed in camel milk at heat treatment up to boiling. Camel milk treated at 300 MPa and stored at 3ºC showed no signs of microbial spoilage up to 15 days of storage, while the microbial load of untreated samples stored at the same temperature reached the spoilage level in about a week. High pressure treatment of camel milk resulted in a decrease in its proteolytic activity, but had no significant effect on other chemical attributes such as color, fat oxidation, pH value and the organoleptic characteristics. High hydrostatic pressure up to 300 MPa can be successfully used to preserve camel milk against microbial spoilage. The phenomenon of camel milk clotting at pressures above 300 MPa needs investigation.
Cholesterol-lowering Effect of Protein Hydrolysates from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.)
Authors: Villalobos Mizpah C. , Nicolas Marilou G. , Trinidad Trinidad P.
Published: January 2024

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.) has been used in the Philippines for cooking and as an herb to treat a variety of ailments including hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study determined the potential of peptides obtained from the hydrolysis of lemongrass proteins to lower cholesterol in vitro and in an animal model. Proteins were extracted and digested in vitro simulating gastrointestinal conditions. Protein hydrolysates were collected and fractionated using RP-SPE column, and assayed for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity against pravastatin as a control drug. Tannin-free protein extract (TFPE) and total protein hydrolysates (TPC) were administered to Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on a high-fat high-cholesterol diet for two weeks. TFPE yield was 0.03%. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of the TFPE resulted in 74% yield of protein hydrolysates. Three fractions were obtained from RP-SPE elution of the protein hydrolysates, each with potent HMG-CoA inhibitory activity. The F3 fraction had the highest inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase (IC50 = 0.76 ppm, comparable to pravastatin (IC50 = 0.25 ppm). The inhibitory activity of the fractions was further confirmed through significant serum cholesterol reduction (p < 0.05) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Thus, protein hydrolysates from lemongrass have potential cholesterol-lowering effects in vitro through HMG-CoA reductase inhibition and in vivo through significant reduction of cholesterol levels in an animal model. Protein hydrolysates from lemongrass dietary proteins may serve as promising functional foods for the prevention of CVD risk.
Development of Functional Milk-based Smoothie by Incorporating Horse Gram Extract
Authors: Panda Priyanka , Meena Sunil , Meena Kamlesh , Rai Dinesh Chandra , Bunkar Shankar , Gautam Priyae Brath
Published: January 2024

In the last few decades, the demand for fruits and vegetables and mixed beverages such as juices and smoothies increased rapidly, which made it one of the highest-growing segments of the food industry. The horse gram is an underutilized crop having desired nutrient and bioactive compounds essential for growth and normal body functioning. In view of the above facts, the present study aimed to develop a milk-based smoothie by incorporating horse gram extract in addition to commonly used ingredients such as sugar, dahi, stabilizer, fruits, and vegetables. In this study, three levels of horse gram extract (HGE- 5, 10, and 15%) were blended with cow milk, and other ingredients (sugar, dahi, pectin, banana, carrot juice extract) were kept constant. The 0% level of HGE was taken as a control to compare the nutritional and functional characteristics of the optimized product. The 10% HGE incorporated product was found best based on sensory and physico-chemical properties. The optimized product was found with 3.03±0.08% fat, 3.38±0.07% protein, 16.17±0.10% carbohydrate, 0.81±0.05% ash, 843.33±3.08 cp viscosity, 3.48±0.05 g/10 g whey syneresis, 12.12±0.67 g/20 g sedimentation, and 31.11 ± 4.17% 2,2-dipenylpicrylhydrazyl inhibition activity. The optimized smoothie had nine days shelf life after packing in polypropylene cups when stored under refrigerated conditions.
The Biological, Biochemical, and Immunological Impact of Broccoli and Green Pea Sprouts on Acrylamide Intoxicated Rats
Authors: Alhajri Ahlam Saleh , H. Saad Hisham
Published: January 2024

Consuming plant sprouts as part of the daily human diet is slowly on the increase, and the health benefits are now of interest in several disciplines. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the chemical compositions of dried broccoli or dried green pea sprouts and the subsequent effects on the biological, biochemical and immunological parameters of male albino rats supplemented with acrylamide as a toxic material. Chemical constituents, mineral contents, total phenols and total flavonoid of tested vegetable sprouts were analyzed. Thirty male albino rats weighting 160± 5 g. were separated into 6 groups. The negative control group was first, and then the second group was given acrylamide 2.5 μg/kg/day. Groups (3, 4) and (5,6) were given treatment of the same toxic material and received 5 and 10 g dried broccoli and pea sprouts per 100 g basal diet, respectively. Feed intake, body weight gain, FER and some organs weights were calculated towards the conclusion of the investigation. Also, liver enzymes, lipids profile, serum glucose, kidney function, brain enzymes, oxidative activity and immunoglobulin were determined. Results showed that tested sprouts had high protein, fiber, vital minerals, total phenols and total flavonoid components. In addition, there were significant positive effects on the biochemical parameters that were tested, such as lipids profile, serum glucose, liver function, kidney functions, oxidative activity, brain enzyme and immunity responses, particularly at the 10% level, of tested sprouts and pea sprouts had high effect on tested parameters more than broccoli sprouts. In conclusion, pea and broccoli sprouts could potentially be used as protective agents against the toxic effect of acrylamide and the obtained results suggested that tested sprouts can be used as ideal candidates of natural antioxidant agents.
Dietary Patterns and Common Diseases in Chinese Elderly: Exploring Associations and Providing Guidance for Personalized Interventions
Authors: Zheng TIAN , Jingchun HE , Yimiao LI , Zhijun ZHANG , Nan ZHANG , Lan WANG
Published: January 2024

The current state of geriatric disease prevention and treatment in China has not yet been able to meet the urgent needs brought about by an aging population, and specific dietary patterns can significantly improve or exacerbate the risk of certain diseases. However, the relationship between geriatric diseases and the dietary patterns of the Chinese elderly population has not been fully explored. CLHLS 2018 were analyzed in the present study. Principal component analysis was employed to identify the main dietary patterns of the Chinese elderly, and binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between these dietary patterns and the 16 common diseases. Four main dietary patterns were identified in the Chinese elderly population: Egg-Milk Pattern, Salt-preserved vegetable-Nut Pattern, Vegetable-Fruit Pattern, and Fish-Meat Pattern. Higher scores for the Egg-Milk Pattern were associated with a greater risk of heart disease, stroke or cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, glaucoma, prostate tumor, and Parkinson's disease in older adults (p<0.05). Higher scores for Salt-preserved vegetable-Nut Pattern correlated with a greater risk of hypertension, heart disease, and uterine tumors and a lower risk of rheumatism or rheumatoid disease in older adults (P<0.05). The higher scores of the Vegetable-Fruit Pattern were associated with a lower risk of heart disease in older adults (p<0.05). Finally, higher scores of the Fish-Meat Pattern correlated with a lower risk of heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular disease and a greater risk of rheumatic or rheumatoid disease in older adults (p<0.05). The same dietary pattern may have contrasting effects on different diseases. The correlations between dietary patterns and diseases derived from this study may provide a basis for the prevention and individualized management of diseases in the elderly.
Impact of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Artisanal Cheeses from Northern Peru
Authors: Gavilan Grecia Xiomara Herrera , Espinoza Luis Alfredo Espinoza- , Portalatino Edwin Jorge Vega- , Quispe Luz Arelis Moreno- , Ruiz-Atoche Eliana Del Pilar , Marcelo aime Valdiviezo- , Flores Luis Alberto Ruiz-
Published: January 2024

Goat cheese offers significant nutritional benefits due to its enhanced digestibility and assimilation. In Peru, the province of Sullana stands out as the largest producer of this cheese. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the socioeconomic factors of its producers, as well as the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the cheese. The study was developed in 3 aspects, socio-economic based on a descriptive exploratory methodology, with a mixed approach, 14 presidents of producer associations participated. Fourteen samples of fresh artisanal cheese from goat producers' associations from Marcavelica, Lancones and Salitral were stored at 4°C under aseptic conditions for physico-chemical characterisation and microbiological analysis. In relation to socioeconomic factors, the findings of the survey indicate that 42.9% were aged 56 years or older and possess only primary education. Additionally, 57.1% received Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) training, 86% reported a lack of water and drainage services, 21% reported having access to conventional electricity and 79% reported using solar panels. These make an improvement in the training of cheese producers imperative. Regarding the physicochemical properties (pH, acidity, humidity and ash content), the cheeses were within the parameters allowed in DS N° 007-2021-MINAGRI. However, it was observed that 29% and 50% of the samples exhibited a high count for aerophilic mesophiles at 24 (≥ 2.51 x 106 CFU/g) and 48 (≥ 2.34 x 106 CFU/g) hours, respectively (COVENIN 3338:1997). 79% of the samples tested positive for both total and fecal coliforms (DS N° 007-2021-MINAGRI) in which 43% exhibited a high count for E. coli (>3.6 MPN/g). Conversely, the presence of S. aureus (<10) was within the optimal parameters while Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were not detected. The lack of adequate infrastructure for the milking process, the production, storage and transportation of cheese, is presented as the most significant aspect. These findings may pose a risk to consumers’ health, highlighting the necessity to establish projects that strengthen these aspects in order to enhance cheese production.
Pre-existing knee osteoarthritis and severe joint depression are associated with the need for total knee arthroplasty after tibial plateau fracture in patients aged over 60 years
Authors: Gupta Shreya , Sadczuk Dominika , Riddoch Fraser I. , Oliver William M. , Davidson Ellie , White Tim O. , Keating John F. , Scott Chloe E. H.
Published: January 2024

Aims

This study aims to determine the rate of and risk factors for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after operative management of tibial plateau fractures (TPFs) in older adults.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of 182 displaced TPFs in 180 patients aged ≥ 60 years, over a 12-year period with a minimum follow-up of one year. The mean age was 70.7 years (SD 7.7; 60 to 89), and 139/180 patients (77.2%) were female. Radiological assessment consisted of fracture classification; pre-existing knee osteoarthritis (OA); reduction quality; loss of reduction; and post-traumatic OA. Fracture depression was measured on CT, and the volume of defect estimated as half an oblate spheroid. Operative management, complications, reoperations, and mortality were recorded.

Results

Nearly half of the fractures were Schatzker II AO B3.1 fractures (n = 85; 47%). Radiological knee OA was present at fracture in 59/182 TPFs (32.6%). Primary management was fixation in 174 (95.6%) and acute TKA in eight (4.4%). A total of 13 patients underwent late TKA (7.5%), most often within two years. By five years, 21/182 12% (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.0 to 16.7) had required TKA. Larger volume defects of greater depth on CT (median 15.9 mm vs 9.4 mm; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with TKA requirement. CT-measured joint depression of > 12.8 mm was associated with TKA requirement (area under the curve (AUC) 0.766; p = 0.001). Severe joint depression of > 15.5 mm (hazard ratio (HR) 6.15 (95% CI 2.60 to 14.55); p < 0.001) and pre-existing knee OA (HR 2.70 (95% CI 1.14 to 6.37); p = 0.024) were independently associated with TKA requirement. Where patients with severe joint depression of > 15.5 mm were managed with fixation, 11/25 ultimately required TKA.

Conclusion

Overall, 12% of patients aged ≥ 60 years underwent TKA within five years of TPF. Severe joint depression and pre-existing knee arthritis were independent risk factors for both post-traumatic OA and TKA. These features should be investigated as potential indications for acute TKA in older adults with TPFs.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):28–37.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of a pragmatic randomized trial evaluating surgical reconstruction versus rehabilitation in patients with long-standing anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Leal Jose , Mirza Burhan , Davies Loretta , Fletcher Heidi , Stokes Jamie , Cook Jonathan A. , Price Andrew , Beard David J.
Published: January 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to estimate the incremental use of resources, costs, and quality of life outcomes associated with surgical reconstruction compared to rehabilitation for long-standing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in the NHS, and to estimate its cost-effectiveness.

Methods

A total of 316 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to either surgical reconstruction or rehabilitation (physiotherapy but with subsequent reconstruction permitted if instability persisted after treatment). Healthcare resource use and health-related quality of life data (EuroQol five-dimension five-level health questionnaire) were collected in the trial at six, 12, and 18 months using self-reported questionnaires and medical records. Using intention-to-treat analysis, differences in costs, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) between treatment arms were estimated adjusting for baseline differences and following multiple imputation of missing data. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was estimated as the difference in costs divided by the difference in QALYs between reconstruction and rehabilitation.

Results

At 18 months, patients in the surgical reconstruction arm reported higher QALYs (0.052 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.012 to 0.117); p = 0.177) and higher NHS costs (£1,017 (95% CI 557 to 1,476); p < 0.001) compared to rehabilitation. This resulted in an ICER of £19,346 per QALY with the probability of surgical reconstruction being cost-effective of 51% and 72% at a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20,000 and £30,000 per QALY, respectively.

Conclusion

Surgical reconstruction as a management strategy for patients with long-standing ACL injury is more effective, but more expensive, at 18 months compared to rehabilitation management. In the UK setting, surgical reconstruction is cost-effective.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):38–45.
Wait-and-scan: an alternative for curettage in atypical cartilaginous tumours of the long bones
Authors: Scholte Claire H. J. , Dorleijn Desirée M. J. , Krijvenaar Duco T. , van de Sande Michiel A. J. , van Langevelde K.
Published: January 2024

Aims

Due to its indolent clinical behaviour, the treatment paradigm of atypical cartilaginous tumours (ACTs) in the long bones is slowly shifting from intralesional resection (curettage) and local adjuvants, towards active surveillance through wait-and-scan follow-up. In this retrospective cohort study performed in a tertiary referral centre, we studied the natural behaviour of ACT lesions by active surveillance with MRI. Clinical symptoms were not considered in the surveillance programme.

Methods

The aim of this study was to see whether active surveillance is safe regarding malignant degeneration and local progression. In total, 117 patients were evaluated with MRI assessing growth, cortical destruction, endosteal scalloping, periosteal reaction, relation to the cortex, and perilesional bone marrow oedema. Patients received up to six follow-up scans.

Results

At the time of the first follow-up MRI, 8% of the lesions showed growth (n = 9), 86% remained stable (101), and 6% decreased in size (n = 7). During the third follow-up, with a mean follow-up time of 60 months (SD 23), 24 patients were scanned, of whom 13% had lesions that had grown and 13% lesions that had decreased in size. After 96 months (SD 37), at the sixth follow-up MRI, 100% of the lesions remained stable. None of the lesions showed malignant progression and although some lesions grew in size (mean 1 mm (SD 0.8)), no malignant progression occurred.

Conclusion

We conclude that active surveillance with MRI is safe for ACTs in the long bones in the short- and mid-term follow-up.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):86–92.
Evaluation of the trajectory of recovery following surgically treated acetabular fractures
Authors: Tucker Adam , Roffey Darren M. , Guy Pierre , Potter Jeffrey M. , Broekhuyse Henry M. , Lefaivre Kelly A.
Published: January 2024

Aims

Acetabular fractures are associated with long-term morbidity. Our prospective cohort study sought to understand the recovery trajectory of this injury over five years.

Methods

Eligible patients at a level I trauma centre were recruited into a longitudinal registry of surgical acetabular fractures between June 2004 and August 2019. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), including the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical component summary (PCS), were recorded at baseline pre-injury recall and six months, one year, two years, and five years postoperatively. Comparative analyses were performed for elementary and associated fracture patterns. The proportion of patients achieving minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was determined. The rate of, and time to, conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) was also established.

Results

We recruited 251 patients (253 fractures), with a 4:1 male to female ratio and mean age of 46.1 years (SD 16.4). Associated fracture patterns accounted for 56.5% of fractures (n = 143). Trajectory analysis showed all timepoints had significant disability versus baseline, including final follow-up (p < 0.001). Elementary fractures had higher SF-36 PCS at six months (p = 0.023) and one year (p = 0.007) compared to associated fractures, but not at two years (p = 0.135) or five years (p = 0.631). The MCID in SF-36 PCS was observed in 37.3% of patients (69/185) between six months and one year, 26.9% of patients (39/145) between one and two years, and 23.3% of patients (20/86) between two and five years, highlighting the long recovery potential of these injuries. A significant proportion of patients failed to attain the MCID after five years (38.1%; 40/105). Conversion to THA occurred in 13.1% of patients (11/110 elementary and 22/143 associated fractures). Approximately two-thirds of THAs (21/33 patients; 63.6%) were performed within two years of index surgery.

Conclusion

Acetabular fractures significantly impact physical function. Recovery trajectory is often elongated beyond one year, with two-thirds of our patients displaying persistent clinically relevant long-term disability.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):69–76.
Reconstruction following oncological iliosacral resection
Authors: Broida Samuel E. , Tsoi Kim M. , Rose Peter S. , Ferguson Peter C. , Griffin Anthony M. , Wunder Jay S. , Houdek Matthew T.
Published: January 2024

Aims

The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is the only mechanical connection between the axial skeleton and lower limbs. Following iliosacral resection, there is debate on whether reconstruction of the joint is necessary. There is a paucity of data comparing the outcomes of patients undergoing reconstruction and those who are not formally reconstructed.

Methods

A total of 60 patients (25 females, 35 males; mean age 39 years (SD 18)) undergoing iliosacral resection were reviewed. Most resections were performed for primary malignant tumours (n = 54; 90%). The mean follow-up for surviving patients was nine years (2 to 19).

Results

Overall, 27 patients (45%) were reconstructed, while 33 (55%) had no formal reconstruction. There was no difference in the use of chemotherapy (p = 1.000) or radiotherapy (p = 0.292) between the groups. Patients with no reconstruction had a mean larger tumour (11 cm (SD 5) vs 8 cm (SD 4); p = 0.014), mean shorter operating times (664 mins (SD 195) vs 1,324 mins (SD 381); p = 0.012), and required fewer blood units (8 (SD 7) vs 14 (SD 11); p = 0.012). Patients undergoing a reconstruction were more likely to have a deep infection (48% vs 12%; p = 0.003). Nine reconstructed patients had a hardware failure, with five requiring revision. Postoperatively 55 (92%) patients were ambulatory, with no difference in the proportion of ambulatory patients (89% vs 94%; p = 0.649) or mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (59% vs 65%; p = 0.349) score between patients who did or did not have a reconstruction. The ten-year disease-specific survival was 69%, with no difference between patients who were reconstructed and those who were not (78% vs 45%; p = 0.316). There was no difference in the rate of metastasis between the two groups (hazard ratio (HR) 2.78; p = 0.102).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that SIJ reconstruction is associated with longer operating times, greater need for blood transfusion, and more postoperative infections, without any improvement in functional outcomes when compared to patients who did not have formal SIJ reconstruction.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):93–98.
A patient-specific algorithm for predicting the standing sagittal pelvic tilt one year after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Tang Hao , Guo Shaoyi , Ma Zhuyi , Wang Siyuan , Zhou Yixin
Published: January 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a patient-specific algorithm which we developed for predicting changes in sagittal pelvic tilt after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

This retrospective study included 143 patients who underwent 171 THAs between April 2019 and October 2020 and had full-body lateral radiographs preoperatively and at one year postoperatively. We measured the pelvic incidence (PI), the sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic tilt, sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), and thoracic kyphosis to classify patients into types A, B1, B2, B3, and C. The change of pelvic tilt was predicted according to the normal range of SVA (0 mm to 50 mm) for types A, B1, B2, and B3, and based on the absolute value of one-third of the PI-LL mismatch for type C patients. The reliability of the classification of the patients and the prediction of the change of pelvic tilt were assessed using kappa values and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), respectively. Validity was assessed using the overall mean error and mean absolute error (MAE) for the prediction of the change of pelvic tilt.

Results

The kappa values were 0.927 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.861 to 0.992) and 0.945 (95% CI 0.903 to 0.988) for the inter- and intraobserver reliabilities, respectively, and the ICCs ranged from 0.919 to 0.997. The overall mean error and MAE for the prediction of the change of pelvic tilt were -0.3° (SD 3.6°) and 2.8° (SD 2.4°), respectively. The overall absolute change of pelvic tilt was 5.0° (SD 4.1°). Pre- and postoperative values and changes in pelvic tilt, SVA, SS, and LL varied significantly among the five types of patient.

Conclusion

We found that the proposed algorithm was reliable and valid for predicting the standing pelvic tilt after THA.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):19–27.