bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vida e morte do Maracanã: a batalha do estádio em dois atos
Authors: Melo Erick Silva Omena de , Cid Gabriel da Silva Vidal
Published: December 2019

Resumo O artigo resgata os principais embates acerca das ressignificações do estádio do Maracanã, cujos resultados influenciaram decisivamente as decisões sobre o destino desse importante ícone esportivo. Destacam-se dois momentos históricos fundamentais: o planejamento (1946-1950) e o período de reformas (1999-2013), em contraponto com o processo de tombamento. Com base em acervo de jornais que reportam o processo desenrolado no primeiro momento e em arquivos institucionais do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan) que registram a memória sobre o segundo, os autores identificam o caráter popular, público e monumental do Maracanã como elemento central de sua identidade em risco.
General Game Playing with Imperfect Information
Authors: Schofield Michael , Thielscher Michael
Published: December 2019

General Game Playing is a field which allows the researcher to investigate techniques that might eventually be used in an agent capable of Artificial General Intelligence.  Game playing presents a controlled environment in which to evaluate AI techniques, and so we have seen an increase in interest in this field of research.  Games of imperfect information offer the researcher an additional challenge in terms of complexity over games with perfect information.  In this article, we look at imperfect-information games: their expression, their complexity, and the additional demands of their players.  We consider the problems of working with imperfect information and introduce a technique called HyperPlay, for efficiently sampling very large information sets, and present a formalism together with pseudo code so that others may implement it. We examine the design choices for the technique, show its soundness and completeness then provide some experimental results and demonstrate the use of the technique in a variety of imperfect-information games, revealing its strengths, weaknesses, and its efficiency against randomly generating samples.  Improving the technique, we present HyperPlay-II, capable of correctly valuing information-gathering moves.  Again, we provide some experimental results and demonstrate the use of the new technique revealing its strengths, weaknesses and its limitations.
Blade number effect on the optimal energy efficiency for a modified Savonius rotor
Authors: Zhao Tianyu , Zhang Xiao , Zheng Maosheng
Published: December 2019

In this paper, the effect of the number of blades on the optimal energy utilisation efficiency for a modified Savonius rotor with rotor diameter of 4 m is investigated by computational fluid dynamics simulation using a uniform test method. The appropriate computational domain of a numerical model is determined by first analysing the relative error of the outlet wind velocity on the outflow boundary of the domain. Taking the rotor rotation speed, the blade width and blade installation angle of the modified Savonius rotor as three key factors, it obtains the optimal energy utilisation efficiencies for the modified Savonius rotors with eight, nine and ten blades by transient numerical simulations under the condition of wind velocity of 8 m/s. The sliding mesh and the Piso (pressure implicit with splitting of operators) scheme are utilised in Fluent software simultaneously. The results demonstrate that the optimum wind energy utilisation efficiency rises and the corresponding blade width decreases with the number of blades.
Book review
Authors: Cooper Jeff
Published: December 2019

ICE Themes Recycled Aggregates: Use in Concrete
Capacidades económicas de la población vulnerable cabeza de hogar y sus miembros mayores de 17 años en el barrio Ciudad Bonita de Soledad, Atlántico, 2018
Authors: Lugo-Arias Elkyn , Landázury-Villalba Luis , Escorcia-Márquez Luis , Padilla-Ortiz Johanna
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: caracterizar la capacidad económica de la población cabeza de hogar y sus miembros mayores de 17 años con situación de vulnerabilidad del barrio Ciudad Bonita de Soledad, Atlántico, para el año 2018. Método: para este estudio se utilizó la teoría de las capacidades y las funciones humanas del nobel de Economía Amartya Sen, aplicada mediante el método de muestreo aleatorio simple, en la cual se realizaron 32 preguntas en las encuestas y entrevistas preestructuradas a 100 jefes de hogar y sus respectivos miembros. Resultados: se encontró que las pocas personas en edad de trabajar, que han decido participar en los programas de capacitación, ofrecidos por las instituciones de formación, de emprendimiento de su propio negocio y del buen manejo de las microfinanzas, el crédito, el ahorro, entre otras variables, han mejorado su situación económica y la calidad de vida en sus hogares, necesarios para la acumulación de conocimiento y la estabilidad en la generación de sus propios recursos o ingresos. Discusiones: Se discute la falta de cobertura y de atención de las instituciones en proyectos productivos con las comunidades por la limitación de su presupuesto. Conclusiones: se propone una mejora de las capacidades económicas que llevan a la prosperidad integral.
Innovación de procesos: estudio práctico de Aguas de Cartagena S.A. E.S.P. “ACUACAR”
Authors: Mendoza-Betin Javier
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: determinar las consecuencias de la innovación de los procesos y la tecnología en la productividad corporativa, a partir de las propuestas de soluciones de mejora para eliminar o mitigar las pérdidas que presentan los procesos de Aguas de Cartagena S.A. E.S.P. Método: estudio desde un enfoque cuantitativo sustentado en el paradigma positivista. Se aplicó la metodología Lean Production y se utilizó diferentes técnicas de estadística descriptiva para contrastar la hipótesis: la innovación de los procesos y la tecnología redunda en la productividad empresarial. El diseño exploratorio y longitudinal ad hoc estuvo soportado en el ámbito de la gestión de procesos, utilizando como instrumentos auxiliares la revisión documental, la observación, la medición de tiempos y el análisis factorial de la varianza. Resultados: Se encontró que solamente las innovaciones en procesos ejercen influencia determinante en la productividad; no así las innovaciones tecnológicas, cuya incidencia en la optimización de los procesos resultó ser muy limitada. Discusión: a la luz de los resultados obtenidos se infiere que la ruta precisa para la mejora continua no está viabilizada por la incorporación de atributos tecnológicos en los procesos, sino por el poder de la cultura organizacional, la solidez del liderazgo directivo y la gestión de la innovación y el conocimiento. Conclusión: se corrobora  que la innovación en los procesos ejerce influencia positiva en la mejora productiva y se descarta que las innovaciones tecnológicas sean un factor determinante en la productividad empresarial.
Análisis del ecosistema emprendedor en la Región del Alto Magdalena, Girardot, Colombia
Authors: Díaz-Cárdenas María , Reinoso-Lastra Juan
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: analizar el ecosistema emprendedor en el municipio de Girardot (Cundinamarca), la cual, conforma esta región, junto con otras siete poblaciones, siendo la de mayor aporte poblacional y económico. Método: se realizó una revisión documental acerca del ecosistema emprendedor, su concepto, su naturaleza y alcances, a su vez se realizaron entrevistas a 17 integrantes del mismo, ubicados en Girardot, relacionados con las entidades definidas por el artículo 6 de la ley 1014 de 2006 de “fomento a la cultura del emprendimiento” que hacen parte de la red regional de emprendimiento. Resultados: se encontraron contribuciones actuales tanto individuales como desde la visión sistémica al desarrollo emprendedor de la región, definidos en unos factores como la financiación, la formación, la formalización, la política y regulaciones, entre otros. Discusión: gira alrededor de su articulación desde una visión sistémica. Conclusiones: se orientan a la presencia de más actores, el trabajo integrado y las estrategias de orientación hacia un propósito colectivo.
Prisión perpetua en Colombia. Análisis de las iniciativas legislativas para su autorización, y de los argumentos «racionales» para su incorporación en el ordenamiento colombiano
Authors: Cáceres González Emirio
Published: December 2019

En Colombia se han presentado alrededor de dieciséis proyectos de acto legislativo para modificar el artículo 34 de la Constitución, y así suprimir la prohibición de penas perpetuas; el más reciente ha sido el proyecto de Acto Legislativo 001 de 2019, cuyo contenido consagra que la pena, solamente será revisable, pasados treinta años de privación efectiva de la libertad. La publicación pretende rastrear los intentos realizados por el legislador, para incorporar dicha sanción, y revisar los argumentos usados para justificarla. Así mismo demostrar la precaria racionalidad incorporada a las exposiciones de motivos, a los debates legislativos en comisión y plenaria, el carente sustento empírico, su débil justificación, y el uso en su remplazo, de un ya común populismo punitivo, con el que se contraviene además de la Constitución, el Reglamento del Congreso y los pronunciamientos de la Corte Constitucional sobre legislación reflexiva.
PCR protocol for MgSTS marker genotyping v1
Authors: Farnitano Matthew , Sweigart Andrea
Published: December 2019

This is a standard PCR protocol used to amplify MgSTS markers from genomic DNA for genotyping. MgSTS markers were developed for use in Mimulus species and typically span length polymorphisms between conserved sequence regions.
THEORY AND METHOD
Authors: Rappaport Alexander Gerbertovich
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the difference between different approaches to architectural theory: born from individual design practice, from that based on the construction of a fundamentally new picture of design and architectural activity. The differences between end-result-oriented theories and theories that presuppose constant self-restructuring are discussed.
TO THE ISSUE OF LITERATURE OF POLISH FOREIGN COUNTRIES: CONTEXT, CHRONOTOPIC DIMENSION, PERSONALITIES
Authors: Yanishevskyi Oleksandr
Published: December 2019

For the majority of emigrants, the objective problem of social adaptation, adaptation to a largely unusual new environment was objectively raised at first. The latter is often the result of the destruction of established stereotypes of behav- ior, the departure from the pre-existing outlook, the critical reappraisal of their own abilities, the loss of former illusions and the emergence of disappointments, as far from always the hope for a better share was fulfilled in full. The above-stated more applies to immigrants from the poor strata of the population of Poland, deprived of land allotments and guaranteed sufficient income at industrial enterprises. Their flow was directed mainly to the ocean: to Canada, the United States of America, partly to the countries of Latin America. But some part of their persistent efforts succeeded in engaging in agricultural labor on the land, or taking part in industrial or transport construction. Sometimes it was enough to make money, so that there was an opportunity to send children and grandchildren to study, to give them proper education so that in the future the content of their lives became intellectual work in various public and private institutions. Some of them, as experience shows, reveals the nature of the talent of a writer or poet, and in the literary skies of the host country there are the names of the masters of the word whose ancestors originated from Poland.

The collection “After-September political emigration on the map of not only Polish culture” edited by Violetta Weiss- Milevska and Eva Rogalevskaya is available now for the purpose of reading the editions on Polish emigrant literature (in particular, by Maria Danilevich-Zelinskaya “Essays on emigre literature”, a studio on the anthropology of Polish emigra- tion of the twentieth century, “Excluded – emigration, the homeland”, actually V. Weiss-Milevskaya), in our opinion, are informative, observational and can serve successfully only for the first acquaintance with the names of the press of the foreign Polish writing, with the names of their individual works, the countries of their stay. Moreover, the main attention in the above-mentioned books is given to the illumination of the historical period after the Second World War. Unfortunately, we do not know the development of a critical direction, which would contain an analysis of the plots and artistic peculiarities of individual works of specific representatives of the Polish literary abroad. Moreover, the Ukrainian reader is, to the best of our knowledge, unfamiliar with the works that came out at different times from under their pen.
THE MONTESSORI METHOD AND ITS CONTEMPORARY CONTEXTS
Authors: Stasiewicz Katarzyna Anna
Published: December 2019

The article is an attempt to sistetically present Maria Montessori’s activities and scientific achievements through the prism of her biography and to indicate the reception of the Montessori Methods in Poland. The first part indicates the key aspects of life that influence the worldview and research interests, such as the position of director at Casa de Bambini or the likely affiliation to the Theosophical Society. In particular emphasizes theme of migration, resulting on the one hand from geopolitical reasons, and on the other hand from the idea of disseminating its concept of education. It shows the emigration aspect – departure from Italy to Barcelona, associated with the then forming fascist movement, and then, to the Netherlands, determined by the anti-republican coup of General Francisco Franko. The text deals with issues related to the scientific and didactic activity of M. Montessori, including numerous foreign trips, including to the United States and India to popularize the method. It also indicates the main research inspirations influencing changes in education proposed by the researcher, i.e. the Montessori Method – influences of researchers: anthropologist Giuseppe Sergi, psychiatrist Andrea Verga, neuropsychiatrist and pedagogue Jean Marc Gaspard Itard and Édouard Séguin. It characterizes particular stages of the concept, from moral upbringing, through the system of freedom, to the concept of cosmic upbringing.

The second part of the article concerns the reception of the Montessori Method in Poland, starting from the pre-war period to modern times. It presents two currents – direct reception and attempts to synthesize freblizism and montessorian- ism in order to create a new, national upbringing system and indicates possible reasons for the rebirth of the idea after 1989, were related to the evolution of the educational ideal in Poland. It presents selected studies on the topic and points to the current activities of institutions and organizations that popularize the idea of Montessori. It presents manifestations of the contemporary, unflagging addressing with the figure of M. Montessori and her concept. The above considerations have been set in the context of today’s Polish pedagogy, determined largely by concepts that contest the current school system, largely congenial with the conservative educational ideology.
THE IMAGE OF WAR IN THE PODILSK' WORLD OF LEOPOLD BUCHKOVSKY
Authors: Mishchuk Iryna
Published: December 2019

The author of the article focuses on the analysis of the author’s image of wartime in the work of Leopold Buchkovsky «Black Stream», in the foundation of which the philosophical concept «life – existency» is laid. In the prevailing form of war, attention is focused on the mechanism of evil, which is formed by military actions, as well as the principles of world events distorted by hostility, chaos and anarchy.

In the article considerable attention is paid to the biography of Leopold Buchkowski, his main works are reviewed and the leading motives of creativity of the author are singled out.

The researchers repeatedly wrote about the dominant negative-colored color and contrast presented in the “Black Stream”. A characteristic feature of L. Buchkovsky’s work is the versatility and ambiguity of artistic works, the consequence of which is the diversity of interpretation of the presented material. His works are constructed in such a way that the reader does not always have to perceive the world in accordance with the intentions of the author, on the contrary, he has the opportunity to give it his own hypothetical system, to see in it what he considers to be important and valuable.

Total demoralization, poverty and hunger – this is exactly the situation in the Black Stream. Relativity of heroes and artistic space is one of the main principles of the functioning of the author’s model of Podillya. So in the “Black Stream” destruction and death of people is accompanied by deconstruction and collapse of the surrounding world.

The author of the article emphasizes that in the Black Stream there is no pathos or “uplift”, this is one of the most “moral” stories about how to “be a man.” . It should be stressed that Buchkovsky does not give moral evaluations to his heroes and their actions, forcing the reader to compare the artistic material with the dichotomy of good to evil. The Black Stream campaign focuses on “cold reality” and objectivism, which creates a sense of acute contrast with the theme and material about horrible events.

So, Leopold Buchkovsky was deeply rooted in the world of cultural frontier, thoroughly felt its organic forms and, in fact, began to create, in order to convey (unique in music, painting, and then in the word) a unique polyphony that constituted the unique quality of its Galician– Podillya region.
Cyberloafing: A Research on Employees of Directorate of National Property
Authors: MACİT Gamze , MACİT Hüseyin Bilal
Published: December 2019

Cyberloafing;
is the non-business use of the internet and computers within working hours at
work. With this research, it is aimed to determine the cyberloafing behaviors
of the employees of the provincial organization of the Directorate of National
Property of the Ministry of Finance. 147 employees participated in the survey
by e-mail and the sample size was obtained. Non-business Internet usage at work
of the participants has been examined in terms of various demographic variables
and interpreted whether or not these demographic variables are influenced by
internet usage preferences. Participants' cyberloafing behaviors were
concentrated in behaviors considered "insignificant cyberloafing",
the number of participants in "significant cyberloafing" behaviors
was very small and a large number of employees regarded the internet as means
of obtaining information.
Bütünleşik SWARA - MOORA Yöntemi ile Kurumsal Müşterilerin Banka Tercihlerinin Belirlenmesi: Aydın İlinde Bir Uygulama
Authors: ÇAKIR Engin , BİLGE Elif
Published: December 2019

İşletme bilimi açısından bakıldığında bankacılık
sektöründe ürün çıktısı hizmettir ve hizmetin müşteri nezdinde ne şekilde
algılandığı önem arz etmektedir. Bu sebepten bankaların müşteri memnuniyetini
göz önünde bulundurarak memnuniyetsizlik durumu oluşan hizmetlerini
iyileştirmeleri gerekmektedir. Çalışmada müşterilerin bankadan beklentileri ve
algılanan servis hizmetleri değerlendirme kriterleri olarak; Aydın’da faaliyet
gösteren bankalar ise ele alınacak alternatifler olarak belirlenmiştir. Müşteri
beklentilerinin önem dereceleri (ağırlıkları) banka müşterisi olan firma
yöneticilerinin öznel değerlendirmeleri ile elde edilen veriler kullanılarak çok
kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden SWARA yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Daha
sonra kriterlere ait önem düzeyleri de dikkate alınarak yine firma yöneticileri
ile yapılan anket sonrasında elde edilen veriler yardımıyla her bir alternatif
bankanın MOORA yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi sağlanmıştır.
Yaşam Doyumu İle İşgören Performansı İlişkisini İncelemeye Yönelik Bir Alan Araştırması
Authors: ULUDAĞ Gökhan
Published: December 2019

Günümüzde yeni yönetim
anlayışları ile birlikte insanların önemi de giderek artmıştır. Organizasyonlar
bir yandan teknolojik yenilikleri yakalamaya çalışmakta ve fiziki şartlarını
geliştirmeyi hedeflerken diğer yandan çalıştırdığı işgörenlerinden en üst
düzeyde performans almayı hedeflemektedir. İşgörenlerin performansları çeşitli
yöntemlerle artırılabilir. İşgörenlerin performansları üzerinde etki eden
faktörlerden birisi de yaşam doyumudur. Bu nedenle yöneticilerin işgörenlerin yaşam
doyumunu artırmaya yönelik çalışmalar yapması gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmanın
amacı; yaşam doyumu ile işgören performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek ve
işgören performansı üzerinde yaşam doyumunun etkisini ortaya koyabilmektir. Bu
kapsamda, Ankara’da faaliyet gösteren Ankara İl Gençlik ve Spor Müdürlüğü
personelleri üzerinde anket yoluyla veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın
sonucunda, yaşam doyumu ile işgören performansı arasında anlamlı ve pozitif
yönde bir ilişki olduğu ve demografik değişkenler arasında farklılık olduğu
tespit edilmiştir.
Türkiye’de Kamusal Müzakere Deneyimleri: Batman Üniversitesi Çalıştay Örneği
Authors: HEKİMOĞLU Gülsüm
Published: December 2019

Değişen toplumla birlikte sosyal
problemlerde değişmektedir. Günümüz toplumları geçmişteki toplumlara oranla
daha talihli görünebilir. Ancak her toplum kendine özgü problemlere sahiptir.
İletişimsel demokrasi ve eşit katılım, günümüz toplumlarının en hassas
problemlerindendir. Temsili demokrasi, bireyleri temel demokratik süreçlerden
dışlamakta ve yurttaşları katılımcı eylemlerden uzaklaştırmaktadır.  Bu çalışma temsili demokrasinin sonuçlarından
kaynaklanan eşitsizliklerin üstesinden gelebilecek alternatif seçenekleri
değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, bu çalışmada,
üniversitedeki bir bilimsel toplantı kamusal müzakere deneyimi açısından
değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemi ile hazırlanmış bir
söylem analizini içermektedir. Böylesi bir söylemsel etkileşim mekânı,
bireylere fikirlerini ifade edebilme ve rakip fikirlerle karşılaşma imkanı
sunmasına ve dahası ortak yaşamlarıyla ilgili birlikte eyleme potansiyeli
taşımasına rağmen, temsili demokrasinin bunalımını aşamamış ve güç
asimetrilerinden kaynaklanan eşitsizliklerin üstesinden gelememiştir.
CONCEPTIONS OF SELF-DEFENSE IN THE CRIMINAL LAW OF THE RUSSIA AND THE UNITED STATES
Authors: V. Talan Maria , N. Dunin Oleg
Published: December 2019

Purpose: This article is devoted to the analysis of the concepts of self-defense in the criminal law of Russia and the USA. The Russian Federation has developed a negative law enforcement practice in the field of implementation of the norms on necessary defense. Persons protecting themselves and their loved ones from criminals and causing harm to criminals who commit an attack are often prosecuted for violating the principle of proportionality of defense and attack, which under current law qualifies as exceeding the limits of necessary defense. Methodology: In the United States, criminal law provides citizens with ample opportunity to take defensive actions against criminal attacks. The basic doctrinal provisions of the institution of self-defense in the legal systems of Russia and the USA are considered. Under Russian criminal law, with the help of the institute of necessary defense, less specific rights are protected. Result: This leaves a wide scope for interpretation; law enforcement officials interpret the necessary defense in a limited way, not in the interests of the defenders. Implications/Applications: US criminal law proceeds from opposing assumptions, with the help of legitimate self-defense, not abstract rights are protected, but specific benefits: life, health, sexual integrity, the inviolability of the home; which allows for an unambiguous interpretation in the interests of defenders. Novelty/Originality: The article formulated proposals for the reception of the provisions of American criminal law into Russian law.as a result of which the criminal law should casually fix situations in which the necessity defense is possible and stipulates its limits.
CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MEDICAL WORKERS FOR ISPENSING NARCOTIC DRUGS TO REDUCE THE SUFFERING OF PATIENTS
Authors: V. Talan Maria , N. Dunin Oleg
Published: December 2019

Purposes: This article is devoted to the analysis of the problem that has been developed in the Russian Federation with the access of patients with severe pain to narcotic painkillers.

Methodology: The legislation of the Russian Federation recognizes that patients have an unconditional right to pain relief, which is reflected in the Federal Law No. 323 dated November 21, 2011 “On the Basics of Protecting the Health of Citizens in the Russian Federation”. However, the procedural rules governing the receipt of narcotic painkillers by patients establish strict bureaucratic rules that impede the timely access of patients to the only effective narcotic drugs in their case.  

Results: Deviation from these procedural rules threatens medical and pharmaceutical workers with criminal liability for illegal drug trafficking. As a result, Russian patients do not receive painkillers on a significant scale. The quality of life in the patient, who is forced to endure severe pain, is significantly reduced, which often leads to suicide. Various legislative solutions to this problem are proposed.

Implications/Applications: Liberalization of the rules for dispensing narcotic painkillers are effective in the long term, but it has several problems. Slight liberalization is not able to fundamentally improve the situation of patients with severe pain.

Novelty/Originality: Significant liberalization can create a negative narcotic situation due to market saturation with legal narcotic drugs. In the short term, an effective measure will be the exclusion of the criminal liability of medical and pharmaceutical workers for the prescription and dispensing narcotic painkillers to patients with severe pain syndrome in violation of the existing procedural rules, but for medical reasons.
DETERMINANTS OF MIDDLE CLASS SCHOOL DROPOUT AMONG BOYS IN THE RIYADH PROVINCE OF SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Mohammed Alabdulrazaq Waleed , Hanida Abdul Mutalib Mimi , Binti Abdullah Azlina
Published: December 2019

Purposes: This study examines the determinants of middle-income school dropouts in Saudi Arabia. The determinants of dropouts are fairly similar across many countries worldwide and this has made the issue of dropouts a global phenomenon. However, the situation in Gulf countries is different because these countries accord special treatment to male children but not to female children. This directly affects the educational pursuit of male children in the region. Saudi Arabia was empirically studied and a sample of 360 respondents was investigated. The respondents were drawn randomly from each of the 11 secondary night schools.

Methodology: The method used for analysis in this study was a combination of descriptive statistics involving cross-tabulations and simple multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that the majority of the dropouts are aged between 15 and 32 years.

Results: The regression results showed that absenteeism, educational targets, and value have a significant relationship with school completion. These results may be connected to the findings of the Dubai School of Government in 2011, which indicated that male pursuit of employment opportunities was of greater significance in achieving social and economic mobility compared to educational achievement. This suggests that Saudi males prioritize employment opportunities over educational achievements.

Implications/Applications: On the other hand, there are also those who place value on education and will make the effort to complete their school education in Saudi Arabia.

Novelty/Originality: Thos finding reveals a significant correlation between school completion and educational value. The implication is that male student who values education are more likely to complete school in comparison with those who do not value education. Efforts must be intensified to promote retention and create awareness among the young people of the benefits of education in the long run.
Desarrollo de un procedimiento quirúrgico aplicable como programa de entrenamiento en cirugía ginecológica laparoscópica mediante simulador
Authors: Luna-Ríos Joaquín Gustavo , Rojas-Galvis Manuel Andrés , Cáceres-Ferro Diana , Cortés-Barré Michelle , Ramírez-León Jorge Felipe , Camacho-García Francisco José
Published: December 2019

Introducción: desde hace más de tres décadas la cirugía laparoscópica ha tomado fuerza y, en la actualidad, es uno de los procedimientos más empleados; pero este cambio de la cirugía convencional a la laparoscópica ginecológica hace que también cambien los programas de entrenamiento para ser realmente eficientes y acordes con la nueva curva de aprendizaje.Objetivo: seleccionar un procedimiento quirúrgico aplicable como programa de entrenamiento en cirugía ginecológica laparoscópica mediante simulador.Materiales y métodos: se seleccionaron los procedimientos quirúrgicos laparoscópicos frecuentemente utilizados en ginecología, por medio de un consenso de expertos; después se llevaron a cabo las prácticas en simulador seleccionando el más adecuado mediante la evaluación de los siguientes criterios: grado de dificultad, adquisición de habilidades, adaptabilidad a componente anatómico animal en simulador.Resultados: se seleccionó la ooforectomía laparoscópica como procedimiento experimental ya que este cumple con todos los requisitos previamente establecidos, ofreciendo al cirujano un espacio de formación ideal para adquirir destrezas básicas mediante ejercicios prácticos en simulador.Conclusiones: se propone a la ooforectomía laparoscópica como el procedimiento que mejor se adaptó al modelo de simulación para entrenamiento ajustable a los programas de formación existentes.
Frecuencia, indicaciones y complicaciones de la histerectomía obstétrica en el Hospital Universitario San José de Popayán, 2006-2010. Estudio de cohorte
Authors: Casas-Peña Rodolfo L. , Pérez-Varela Ibey Lorena , Chicangana-Figueroa Gustavo A.
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia, las indicaciones y complicaciones de la histerectomía obstétrica (HO).Materiales y métodos: estudio de cohorte descriptivo en pacientes a quienes se les realizó histerectomía por indicación obstétrica, desde el 1 de enero de 2006 y el 31 de mayo de 2010, en el Hospital Universitario San José de Popayán, Colombia, institución de tercer nivel de atención que recibe población de los regímenes vinculado, subsidiado y contributivo del departamento del Cauca y el suroccidente colombiano. Muestreo consecutivo. Se evaluaron: variables demográficas, edad gestacional, antecedentes obstétricos, vía de terminación del embarazo, indicación de la histerectomía obstétrica (HO), días de estancia hospitalaria; ingreso a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), necesidad de transfusión, complicaciones y mortalidad materna y perinatal. Los resultados se presentan como proporciones.Resultados: se realizaron un total de 49 histerectomías obstétricas. En el mismo periodo 8.167 pacientes tuvieron recién nacido vivo. La incidencia de la histerectomía obstétrica fue de 5,9 por 1000 recién nacidos vivos. Las indicaciones más frecuentes fueron atonía uterina (43,37%) y anormalidades de la inserción placentaria (18,24%). Hubo una alta tasa de mortalidad perinatal (32,6%). La complicación más frecuente fue la anemia en un 76,3% de las pacientes; no hubo mortalidad materna asociada.Conclusiones: la principal indicación de HO fue la atonía uterina seguida de anormalidades de la inserción placentaria, ruptura uterina, miometritis, abruptio placentae y aborto séptico. La HO representa una opción de manejo oportuna y segura para la hemorragia posparto que no ha respondido a los tratamientos farmacológico y quirúrgico convencionales.
La discriminación y la violencia sexual contra la mujer. Problema de interés para los ginecólogos y profesionales de la salud en atención primaria
Authors: Gaitán Hernando
Published: December 2019

El presente número de la Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología publica dos estudios relacionados con la discriminación, el abuso de autoridad, el acoso y la violencia sexual, problema que afecta a la sociedad colombiana en su conjunto y que, como revelan estas investigaciones, también está presente de manera importante en las instituciones de educación superior las cuales, como lo menciona la profesora Leonor Moreno Cubillos en su investigación, deberían ser las menos afectadas por los anacrónicos conceptos subyacentes de supremacía de género o relación laboral.Ambos estudios muestran cómo las mujeres son las principales víctimas de las situaciones de discriminación o acoso sexual en las universidades, cómo dichas situaciones las afectan en los diferentes estadios de la vida universitaria, son poco denunciadas y, además, existe la percepción de que las instituciones educativas hacen poco por prevenirlas o por apoyar a las víctimas. Aunque en muchas de las situaciones descritas el agresor es un hombre, llama la atención que en los casos de abuso de autoridad en empleadas y docentes la responsable del hecho a menudo es una mujer.
Validez del parcial de orina y el Gram en el diagnóstico de infección del tracto urinario en el embarazo. Hospital Simón Bolívar, Bogotá, Colombia, 2009-2010
Authors: Reyes-Hurtado Andrés , Gómez-Ríos Ana , Rodríguez-Ortiz Jorge A.
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: determinar la exactitud diagnóstica del parcial de orina y la tinción de Gram en el diagnóstico de infección del tracto urinario (ITU) en el embarazo.Materiales y métodos: estudio de validez diagnóstica en pacientes embarazadas hospitalizadas, con alta sospecha de ITU, en el servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Simón Bolívar, Centro de III Nivel de atención, entre el 1 de enero de 2009 y el 31 de diciembre de 2010. El parcial de orina, sus parámetros –estearasa leucocitaria, bacteriuria, leucocituria, nitritos– y la tinción de Gram se compararon con el urocultivo considerado como patrón de oro diagnóstico. Se llevó a cabo un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. El cálculo de tamaño de muestra se realizó mediante Epidat 4.0 con sensibilidad mínima esperada del 80%, especificidad mínima esperada del 90% y un nivel de confianza del 90% para la prevalencia establecida en la literatura del 20%. Se calculó la sensibilidad, la especificidad, el valor predictivo positivo (VPP), valor predictivo negativo (VPN), además de la razón de probabilidades (RP + y RP -).Resultados: un total de 212 muestras de pacientes embarazadas fueron incluidas en el estudio de las cuales 115 (54%) presentaron urocultivo positivo y 97 (46%) negativo. El 78% de las pacientes presentaron pielonefritis, mientras el 22% se presentaron con ITU baja (cistouretritis). El principal germen encontrado fue la Escherichia coli en el 70% de las pacientes. El Gram tuvo una sensibilidad del 74% (IC 95%: 65-81) y una especificidad del 86% (IC 95%: 78-92), el parcial de orina mostró una sensibilidad del 21% (IC 95%: 14-29) y una especificidad de 92% (IC 95%: 84-96).Conclusión: las pruebas rápidas que se realizan en el servicio de urgencias fueron altamente específicas en el diagnóstico de ITU en pacientes embarazadas. El Gram es la prueba con mayor sensibilidad para el diagnóstico de ITU en las pacientes gestantes del Hospital Simón Bolívar.
Embolia de líquido amniótico. Reporte de cuatro casos en el Hospital Universitario La Paz en Madrid, España, y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Revello-Álvarez Rocío , Abehsera-Davó Daniel , Panal-Cusati Mariana , Bartha-Rasero José Luis
Published: December 2019

Introducción: la embolia de líquido amniótico (ELA) es una entidad poco frecuente, considerada como impredecible y no prevenible, que se asocia a una elevada morbimortalidad materna. El diagnóstico temprano es necesario para mejorar el pronóstico fetal. El objetivo de este reporte de casos es revisar el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y los principales puntos de discusión en la literatura respecto a esta patología.Materiales y métodos: presentamos el reporte de cuatro casos de ELA que se presentaron en un periodo de diez años en el Hospital Universitario La Paz de Madrid, España, centro de alta complejidad perteneciente el sistema nacional de salud. Se presenta de manera detallada uno de los casos por ser el más representativo del cuadro en cuanto a características clínicas y secuencia cronológica de aparición de los síntomas. Se realiza una búsqueda en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, en español e inglés en los últimos diez años con los términos: embolia de líquido amniótico, paro cardiaco, coagulación intravascular diseminada y mortalidad neonatal. Se buscaron series de casos, estudios de cohortes, casos y controles, y artículos de revisión.Resultados: se encontraron 150 títulos de los cuales se incluyeron 26, de estos 10 correspondieron a series de casos, 5 cohortes y 11 revisiones. El diagnóstico se basa en criterios clínicos; el tratamiento temprano se enfoca a un soporte cardiorrespiratorio y hemodinámico.Conclusión: es necesario un adecuado conocimiento de la ELA para establecer un diagnóstico de sospecha y poder orientar de la forma más adecuada el manejo terapéutico de estas pacientes en el menor tiempo posible.
Modelling and Using Response Times in Online Courses
Authors: Rushkin Ilia , Chuang Isaac , Tingley Dustin
Published: December 2019

Each time a learner in a self-paced online course seeks to answer an assessment question, it takes some time for the student to read the question and arrive at an answer to submit. If multiple attempts are allowed, and the first answer is incorrect, it takes some time to provide a second answer. Here we study the distribution of such “response times.” We find that the log-normal statistical model for such times, previously suggested in the literature, holds for online courses. Users who, according to this model, tend to take longer on submits are more likely to complete the course, have a higher level of engagement, and achieve a higher grade. This finding can be the basis for designing interventions in online courses, such as MOOCs, which would encourage “fast” users to slow down.
Detecting Academic Misconduct Using Learning Analytics
Authors: Trezise Kelly , Ryan Tracii , De Barba Paula , Kennedy Gregor
Published: December 2019

Keystroke logging and clickstream data, both emergent areas of study in the field of learning analytics, present promising alternative methods of detecting and preventing contract cheating. The current study examines whether analysis of keystroke and clickstream data can detect when a student is creating their own authentic writing or transcribing from another source. Participants were 62 university students (47 women, 15 men) who completed three writing tasks under experimental conditions: free writing, general transcription, and self-transcription. Analyses revealed that while completing the free-writing task, participants typed in shorter bursts with longer pauses and typed more slowly with more revisions compared to the two transcription tasks. Model-based clustering was able to accurately distinguish the free-writing task from the two transcription tasks based on patterns of bursts and writing speed. Overall, these results suggest that keystroke and clickstream analysis may be able to distinguish between a student writing an authentic piece of work and one transcribing a completed work. These findings signal significant implications for the detection of contract cheating.
What’s the Problem with Learning Analytics?
Authors: Selwyn Neil
Published: December 2019

This article summarizes some emerging concerns as learning analytics become implemented throughout education. The article takes a sociotechnical perspective — positioning learning analytics as shaped by a range of social, cultural, political, and economic factors. In this manner, various concerns are outlined regarding the propensity of learning analytics to entrench and deepen the status quo, disempower and disenfranchise vulnerable groups, and further subjugate public education to the profit-led machinations of the burgeoning “data economy.” In light of these charges, the article briefly considers some possible areas of change. These include the design of analytics applications that are more open and accessible, that offer genuine control and oversight to users, and that better reflect students’ lived reality. The article also considers ways of rethinking the political economy of the learning analytics industry. Above all, learning analytics researchers need to begin talking more openly about the values and politics of data-driven analytics technologies as they are implemented along mass lines throughout school and university contexts.
Commentary on Neil Selwyn’s LAK18 Keynote Address
Authors: Prinsloo Paul
Published: December 2019

In his keynote, Neil Selwyn not only acknowledged his role as ‘outsider’ to the field of learning analytics, but also intentionally assumed the role of “idiot”. In my commentary I assume that Selwyn’s embrace of being an idiot was more than just self-deprecating humour or a disclaimer aimed to prepare the audience for his provocations. In a Medieval carnival, the clown, fool or community idiot was crowned king, and for the duration of the carnival, could make fun of the royal household, blaspheme and provoke, all licenced by his or her role at that moment in time. Selwyn acknowledged that his own position was and continue to be informed by Critical Data Studies (CDS), an emerging research focus and discourse aimed at troubling much of current accepted and unquestioned assumptions and practices in the broader context of data science. I reflect and comment on Selwyn’s keynote by firstly mapping some of the key tenets of CDS, before addressing some aspects of the keynote and two aspect of his “learning analytics wish-list” namely “giving students control” and “seeing ethics in terms of power, not in terms of protection."
Ethical Challenges for Learning Analytics
Authors: Ferguson Rebecca
Published: December 2019

This response to Neil Selwyn’s paper, ‘What’s the problem with learning analytics?’, relates his work to the ethical challenges associated with learning analytics and proposes six ethical challenges for the field.
Participants' Views About the Survivor Contact Element of IPV Perpetrator Programs: A Preliminary Study
Authors: McGinn Tony , McColgan Mary , Daly Margaret , Taylor Brian
Published: December 2019

Advocacy services, for victims and survivors, are at the core of our response to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). The survivor contact element of IPV perpetrator programs is recognized as a necessary safety measure for their operation. Within the context of equivocal evaluations of these programs, and the impetus to find opportunities to enhance their effectiveness, this study report explores the service user perspective on survivor contact work. In-depth semi-structured interviews were completed with 18 perpetrators and 18 survivors involved in three Irish-based programs, and findings were analyzed using grounded theory principles. Almost without exception, survivors were positive about their engagement with an outreach service. There was evidence to suggest that perpetrator program outreach services do reach survivors who may not ordinarily make contact with an advocacy service. In general terms, survivors felt validated as survivors, they felt supported, they learned about abusive behaviors and some saw the service as a monitor of what their partner was saying during group work. However, some survivors described their fear that any reports of ongoing abuse, which they offered, would attract reprisals from their partner or the attentions of child protection services. More determined application of criminal justice measures, and enhanced resourcing of the survivor contact element of these programs, should be considered.
Examining Attempted and Completed Intimate Partner Homicide: A Qualitative Synthesis
Authors: Harden Jacqueline , Du Jingshuai , Spencer Chelsea M. , Stith Sandra M.
Published: December 2019

Intimate Partner Homicide (IPH) is one of the leading causes of death for women in the United States. Recent research has identified the strongest risk markers for IPH from quantitative studies, but there is still a need to synthesize what is known about IPH from qualitative studies. Additionally, few studies have examined perpetrator-reported motivations for IPH, along with victim's and co-victims' experiences of attempted or completed IPH. In order to synthesize the current qualitative literature surrounding motivations and risk factors for IPH, a thematic qualitative synthesis was conducted. This qualitative synthesis included 20 studies that examined IPH risk factors, motivations, and other pertinent themes related to IPH. Some of the most prevalent reported motivations for committing IPH were loss of control, jealousy, relationship termination, and a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization (i.e., self-defense). A few of the most common risk factors for IPH found in the qualitative literature included previous IPV, coercive control, and the victim underestimating danger/lethality. It is important for both clinicians and law enforcement to know more about IPH so that that they are able to assess situations effectively.
Bullying Among International Adoptees: Testing Risks and Protective Factors
Authors: Holmgren Eveliina , Raaska Hanna , Lapinleimu Helena , Elovainio Marko
Published: December 2019

This study examined the risks and protective factors for experiencing bullying and especially racist bullying among internationally adopted children in Finland. Factors examined were related to children's background, adoptive family, children's social problems and social skills, and their associations with bullying experiences. About 56.9% of children reported bullying victimization and 24.2% racist bullying victimization. Boys were at bigger risk of becoming bullied (B = 0.14, p < .05), as were children with disability (B = 0.11; p < .05). The continent of birth (European; B = 0.51; p < .001) and adoptive family's lower socioeconomic status (SES; B = 0.16; p < .05) were associated with increased victimization. Child's social problems increased the likelihood of victimization for both general (B = 0.59, p < .001) and racist bullying (B = 0.10, p < .001). Child's social skills appeared as a protective factor against general bullying (B = 3.87; p > .001). This study shows that interventions for tackling children's social problems and improving their social skills may reduce children's risk for bullying involvement.
Büyükkumla Barajı’nda Bulamaç Hendeği Yöntemi ile Geçirimsizlik Perdesi Uygulaması ve Sızma Analizi
Authors: Unsever Yeşim S. , Cakir Eda Nur
Published: December 2019

Ön
yüzü beton kaplı kaya dolgu olan Büyükkumla Barajı, Bursa’nın Gemlik ilçesinin
10,00 km kuzeybatısında, Büyükkumla deresi üzerinde yer almaktadır. Gemlik İlçe
Merkezi, Küçükkumla, Büyükkumla, Narlı, Gençali, Kurşunlu ve Umurbey yerleşim
yerlerine yılda 19 milyon m3 içme, kullanma ve endüstri suyu
sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Temel kotu -10,00 m olan barajın kret kotu 68,00 m,
parapet kotu 70,00 m, kret genişliği 10,00 m’ dir. Büyükkumla barajının kret
uzunluğu ise 385,00 m’ dir. Derivasyon 3,00 m çapında tünel ile sağlanmaktadır.
Dolusavak tasarımı eşik genişliği 25,00 m, yandan alışlı ve kontrolsüz olarak
yapılmıştır. Baraj temeli için kazı çalışmaları deniz seviyesi altında
gerçekleşmiştir. Baraj gövde kazılarının kuru bir ortamda yapılabilmesi için
deniz suyu ve yer altı suyu etkilerinin uzaklaştırılması zorunlu hale
gelmiştir. Bu sebeple geçirimsizlik perdesi uygulanarak deniz suyu etkisi baraj
rezervuarından uzaklaştırılmış, baraj gövdesi altındaki sızıntılar kontrol
altına alınmıştır. Bu metot, Türkiye’de ilk kez yer altı suyu etkisinden
uzaklaşmak amacı ile Aslantaş Barajı’nda uygulanmış ve başarılı olunmuştur. Geçirimsizlik
perdesi yönteminde amaç sızmayı engellemek veya sızma boyunu uzatmaktır.
Büyükkumla Barajında memba ve mansap batardoları altında, batardo eksenleri
boyunca geçirimsizlik perdesi uygulanmıştır. Bu makalede, Seep/w programı
kullanılarak geçirimsizlik perdelerinin modellemesi yapılmış ve analiz
sonuçları araziden alınan ölçümlerle karşılaştırılmıştır.