bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Liquid Metal Seeds for Silver Nanovines
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Wei , Stewart Logan A. , Zhao Sichen , Akopov Georgiy , Mohammadi Reza , Yeung Michael T. , Weiss Paul S. , Kaner Richard B.
Published: May 2022

Silver nanovines, prepared at ambient pressure and temperature, were grown in solution using eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) seeds. In this process, EGaIn serves both as an effective reductant and heterogeneous nucleation center enabling the selective growth of silver nanovines from aqueous silver nitrate solutions. This process is a versatile route towards grafted silver nanostructures performed under ambient conditions with non‐toxic reagents.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Yeast Using the 10× Genomics Chromium Device
Authors: Vermeersch Lieselotte , Jariani Abbas , Helsen Jana , Heineike Benjamin M. , Verstrepen Kevin J.
Published: May 2022

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is emerging as an essential technique for studying the physiology of individual cells in populations. Although well-established and optimized for mammalian cells, research of microorganisms has been faced with major technical challenges for using scRNA-seq, because of their rigid cell wall, smaller cell size and overall lower total RNA content per cell. Here, we describe an easy-to-implement adaptation of the protocol for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the 10× Genomics platform, originally optimized for mammalian cells. Introducing Zymolyase, a cell wall–digesting enzyme, to one of the initial steps of single-cell droplet formation allows efficient in-droplet lysis of yeast cells, without affecting the droplet emulsion and further sample processing. In addition, we also describe the downstream data analysis, which combines established scRNA-seq analysis protocols with specific adaptations for yeast, and R-scripts for further secondary analysis of the data.
Quantitative Proteomics in Yeast: From bSLIM and Proteome Discoverer Outputs to Graphical Assessment of the Significance of Protein Quantification Scores
Authors: Sénécaut Nicolas , Poulain Pierre , Lignières Laurent , Terrier Samuel , Legros Véronique , Chevreux Guillaume , Lelandais Gaëlle , Camadro Jean-Michel
Published: May 2022

Simple light isotope metabolic labeling (bSLIM) is an innovative method to accurately quantify differences in protein abundance at the proteome level in standard bottom-up experiments. The quantification process requires computation of the ratio of intensity of several isotopologs in the isotopic cluster of every identified peptide. Thus, appropriate bioinformatic workflows are required to extract the signals from the instrument files and calculate the required ratio to infer peptide/protein abundance. In a previous study (Sénécaut et al., J Proteome Res 20:1476–1487, 2021), we developed original open-source workflows based on OpenMS nodes implemented in a KNIME working environment. Here, we extend the use of the bSLIM labeling strategy in quantitative proteomics by presenting an alternative procedure to extract isotopolog intensities and process them by taking advantage of new functionalities integrated into the Minora node of Proteome Discoverer 2.4 software. We also present a graphical strategy to evaluate the statistical robustness of protein quantification scores and calculate the associated false discovery rates (FDR). We validated these approaches in a case study in which we compared the differences between the proteomes of two closely related yeast strains.
Omics Analyses: How to Navigate Through a Constant Data Deluge
Authors: Denecker Thomas , Lelandais Gaëlle
Published: May 2022

Omics data are very valuable for researchers in biology, but the work required to develop a solid expertise in their analysis contrasts with the rapidity with which the omics technologies evolve. Data accumulate in public databases, and despite significant advances in bioinformatics softwares to integrate them, data analysis remains a burden for those who perform experiments. Beyond the issue of dealing with a very large number of results, we believe that working with omics data requires a change in the way scientific problems are solved. In this chapter, we explain pitfalls and tips we found during our functional genomics projects in yeasts. Our main lesson is that, if applying a protocol does not guarantee a successful project, following simple rules can help to become strategic and intentional, thus avoiding an endless drift into an ocean of possibilities.
CUT&RUN Profiling of the Budding Yeast Epigenome
Authors: Brahma Sandipan , Henikoff Steven
Published: May 2022

Mapping the epigenome is key to describe the relationship between chromatin landscapes and the control of DNA-based cellular processes such as transcription. Cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) is an in situ chromatin profiling strategy in which controlled cleavage by antibody-targeted Micrococcal Nuclease solubilizes specific protein-DNA complexes for paired-end DNA sequencing. When applied to budding yeast, CUT&RUN profiling yields precise genome-wide maps of histone modifications, histone variants, transcription factors, and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers, while avoiding cross-linking and solubilization issues associated with the most commonly used chromatin profiling technique Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Furthermore, targeted chromatin complexes cleanly released by CUT&RUN can be used as input for a subsequent native immunoprecipitation step (CUT&RUN.ChIP) to simultaneously map two epitopes in single molecules genome-wide. The intrinsically low background and high resolution of CUT&RUN and CUT&RUN.ChIP allows for identification of transient genomic features such as dynamic nucleosome-remodeling intermediates. Starting from cells, one can perform CUT&RUN or CUT&RUN.ChIP and obtain purified DNA for sequencing library preparation in 2 days.
Introduction
Authors: Melo João Vicente
Published: May 2022

This chapter presents the subject of the book, a brief historiographical discussion on the lack of studies on Anglo-Jesuit rivalry at the Mughal court, and provides the historical and geopolitical context behind the interactions between Portuguese, Jesuits, English and Mughals.
Meeting a New Constantine
Authors: Melo João Vicente
Published: May 2022

This chapter describes and analyses the first Jesuit mission to the Mughal court (1580–1583) and the early diplomatic contacts between the Mughal Empire and the Portuguese Estado da Índia. This chapter will focus on the evolution of the top-down strategy of the Jesuit missionaries, and the problems that this approach posed to the success of the missionaries.
The English Fulano
Authors: Melo João Vicente
Published: May 2022

This chapter is dedicated to the presence at the Mughal court of a self-proclaimed English envoy, John Mildenhall, between 1603 and 1606. By revisiting Mildenhall’s experiences at the Mughal court and his clashes with the Jesuit missionaries, through a comparison of the accounts written by the Englishman and Father Jerónimo Xavier, this chapter examines the role of non-state actors in the processes and practices of diplomatic cross-cultural negotiations or exchanges, and reviews the early stages of the triangular relations and rivalries between Portuguese, English and Mughals during the seventeenth century.
The English Chan and the Mughal Dom
Authors: Melo João Vicente
Published: May 2022

This chapter analyses the Mughal and Jesuit reactions to the presence of William Hawkins, the first emissary from the EIC to the Mughal court. Besides focusing on Hawkins’ attempts to be integrated into the Mughal courtly apparatus as a ‘Mughalised’ firangi and his role in Jahangir’s diplomatic manoeuvres to pressure the Estado da Índia, the chapter will also compare and contrast the two accounts on the Mughal court produced by Hawkins and Jerónimo Xavier.
Epilogue
Authors: Melo João Vicente
Published: May 2022

This final chapter discusses the different strategies adopted by Mughals, English and Jesuits. It highlights that, although from different starting points, all three passed through similar learning processes which sought to identify shared interests or manipulate their political culture. It also argues that the problems between Mughals and firangis were not the result of a clash between dissimilar cultural worlds, but from the frustrated expectations caused by the negotiation processes.
Cosmic string and brane induced effects on the fermionic vacuum in AdS spacetime
Authors: Bellucci S. , Oliveira dos Santos W. , Bezerra de Mello E. R. , Saharian A. A.
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We investigate the combined effects of a magnetic flux-carrying cosmic string and a brane on the fermionic condensate (FC) and on the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the energy-momentum tensor for a massive charged fermionic field in background of 5-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. The brane is parallel to the AdS boundary and it divides the space into two regions with distinct properties of the fermionic vacuum. For two types of boundary conditions on the field operator and for the fields realizing two inequivalent representations of the Clifford algebra, the brane-induced contributions in VEVs are explicitly separated. The VEVs are even periodic functions of the magnetic flux, confined in the core, with the period of flux quantum. Near the horizon the FC and the vacuum energy-momentum tensor are dominated by the brane-free contribution, whereas the brane-induced part dominates in the region near the brane. Both the contributions vanish on the AdS boundary. At large distances from the cosmic string, the topological contributions in the VEVs, as functions of the proper distance, exhibit an inverse power-law decrease in the region between the brane and AdS horizon and an exponential decrease in the region between the brane and AdS boundary. We show that the FC and the vacuum energy density can be either positive or negative, depending on the distance from the brane. Applications are discussed in fermionic models invariant under the charge conjugation and parity transformation and also inZ2-symmetric braneworld models. By the limiting transition we derive the expressions of the FC and the vacuum energy-momentum tensor for a cosmic string on 5-dimensional Minkowski bulk in the presence of a boundary perpendicular to the string.
Schulische Gesundheitsförderung in pandemischen Zeiten. Ergebnisse der COVID-HL-Schulleitungsstudie
Authors: Dadaczynski Kevin , Okan Orkan , Messer Melanie
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, in welchem Ausmaß Schulen Maßnahmen der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention während der COVID-19-Pandemie umsetzen. Von besonderem Interesse sind hierbei Unterschiede nach demografischen Variablen, Schulform, Bundesland und die Beteiligung an Landesinitiativen der Gesundheitsförderung.

Methodik

Im Rahmen des COVID-Health-Literacy-Netzwerks wurde von März bis April 2021 eine Onlinestudie mit 2186 Schulleitungen in Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Niedersachsen und Nordrhein-Westfalen durchgeführt. Der Umsetzungsstand der COVID-19-bezogenen schulischen Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention wurde mittels eines eigenentwickelten Instruments untersucht. Nach Analyse der faktoriellen Struktur des Instruments erfolgten uni- und bivariate Auswertungen.

Ergebnisse

Es lassen sich 3 Dimensionen des Umsetzungsstandes der schulischen Gesundheitsförderung identifizieren (1. COVID-19-bezogene Unterstützung der Schüler*innen, 2. Gesundheitsförderliche Gestaltung von Lehr‑, Lern- und Arbeitsbedingungen, 3. Prinzipien der Gesundheitsfördernden Schule). Eine geringe Umsetzung liegt für Aspekte der Lehr‑, Lern- und Arbeitsbedingungen sowie für Partizipation und die Kooperation mit schulexternen Akteuren vor. Signifikante Unterschiede des Umsetzungsstands ergeben sich zugunsten von weiblichen und älteren Schulleitungen sowie Grundschulen. Außerdem zeigen sich nicht homogene Unterschiede nach Bundesland. Differenziert nach Teilnahme an einem Landesprogramm findet sich lediglich für Schulen mit Zertifikat im Bereich Gesundheitsförderung ein höherer Umsetzungsstand.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse geben Hinweise darauf, dass die COVID-19-Pandemie für Schulen ein disruptives Ereignis darstellt, welches die Umsetzung schulischer Gesundheitsförderung erschwert. Vor allem gesundheitsförderliche Arbeitsbedingungen, Partizipation und Kooperation sollten in den Fokus genommen werden.
A passive load alleviation aircraft wing: topology optimization for maximizing nonlinear bending–torsion coupling
Authors: Thel Simon , Hahn Daniel , Haupt Matthias , Heimbs Sebastian
Published: May 2022

Aircraft wings with passive load alleviation morph their shape to a configuration where the aerodynamic forces are reduced without the use of an actuator. In our research, we exploit geometric nonlinearities of the inner wing structure to maximize load alleviation. In order to find designs with the desired properties, we propose a topology optimization approach. Passive load alleviation is achieved through bending–torsion coupling. The wing twist will reduce the angle of attack, thus lowering the aerodynamic forces. Consequently, the objective function is to maximize the torsion angle. Since shape morphing should only affect loads that exceed normal maneuvering loads, a displacement constraint is enforced, preventing torsion at lower force levels. Maximizing the displacement will lead to topologies for which the finite element solver cannot find a solution. To circumvent this, we propose adding a compliance value to the objective function. This term has a weighting function, which controls how much influence the compliance value has: after a set number of iterations, the initially high level of influence will drop. We used a geometric nonlinear finite element formulation with a linear elastic material model. The addition of an energy interpolation scheme reduces mesh distortion. We successfully applied the proposed methodology to two different test cases resembling an aircraft wing box section. These test cases illustrate the methodology’s potential for designing new geometries with the desired nonlinear behavior. We discuss what design features can be deduced and how they achieve the nonlinear structural response.
Medial patellofemoral ligament is a part of the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus intermedius aponeuroses attaching to the medial epicondyle
Authors: Tharnmanularp Suthasinee , Nimura Akimoto , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Norose Mio , Tsukada Sachiyuki , Akita Keiichi
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the bony surface characteristic of the femoral attachment of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) and the correlation between the relevant layered structures, including muscular aponeurosis and the joint capsule, which contribute to patellofemoral joint (PFJ) stability.

Methods

The morphology of the medial aspect of the medial condyle using micro-computed tomography and analysed cortical bone thickening in 24 knees was observed. For the macroscopic and histological analyses, 21 and 3 knees were allocated, respectively. The Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance test with Dunn post hoc testing was performed for statistical analysis.

Results

At the level of the adductor tubercle, there were no significant differences in cortical bone thickness. At the level of the medial epicondyle (MEC), cortical bone thickness was considerably greater than that in other areas of the medial condyle (mean ± standard deviation, 0.60 ± 0.20 mm; p < 0.0001). Macroscopic analysis revealed that the deep aponeurosis of the vastus medialis obliquus and the tendinous arch of the vastus intermedius distally formed the composite membrane and adjoined to the joint capsule to firmly attach to MEC, which was located at 41.3 ± 5.7 mm posterior and 14.2 ± 3.1 mm superior to the joint cartilage. Histological analysis showed a composite membrane and adjoining capsule attached to MEC via fibrocartilage.

Conclusion

MPFL could be interpreted as part of the deep aponeurosis of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and the tendinous arch of the vastus intermedius, which combined with the joint capsule to attach to MEC. The cortical bone thickening indicated that the tensile stresses were loaded on MEC in aged cadavers. Involvement of VMO and vastus intermedius aponeuroses in restored graft of MPFL could utilise the dynamic stability of surrounding muscles to mimic a native structure.
The effects of intra- and interspecific competitions on personality and individual plasticity in two sympatric brown frogs
Authors: Castellano Sergio , Seglie Daniele , Gazzola Andrea , Racca Luca , Ciaralli Simone , Friard Olivier
Published: May 2022

We studied how individuals modify their behavior in response to inter- and intraspecific competitors and how these changes affected the pattern of variation between populations and species. As study models, we used tadpoles of two brown frogs, Rana latastei and R. dalmatina. Since R. latastei is always sympatric to R. dalmatina, whereas R. dalmatina is sympatric to R. latastei only in the periphery of its range, we predicted a stronger response to heterospecifics in R. latastei than in R. dalmatina and, within each species, in syntopic than in allotopic populations. To test these predictions, we raised tadpoles, from either syntopic or allotopic populations, in either syntopy or allotopy and repeatedly tested them in open field trials in the presence of a caged conspecific, a caged heterospecific, or an empty cage. As predicted, we found that, on average, R. latastei tadpoles modified their behavior across treatments more than R. dalmatina tadpoles and individuals from the syntopic population changed more than their conspecifics from the allotopic population. In both species, the pattern of variation at the individual level mirrored that at the population and species levels providing no evidence for an individual-by-environment interaction ($$I\times E$$

I
×
E

). Besides these differences, however, individuals of the two species also showed unpredicted and context-independent behavioral differences, suggesting that there might be more to interspecific behavioral variation than the effect of selection by heterospecific competitors.

Significance statement

Does the distribution range of a species influence the evolution of plastic behaviors to heterospecific competitors? And how do differences in plasticity affect animal personality? To answer these questions, we raised tadpoles of two brown frog species, Rana dalmatina and R. latastei, and studied how the amount and the type of their swimming varied with the presence of the other species. R. latastei, whose small distribution range fully overlaps with that of R. dalmatina, plastically responds to it, whereas R. dalmatina, which is sympatric to R. latastei only in the periphery of its broader range, does not. These interspecific differences mirrored those among individuals: tadpoles of both species show repeatable behaviors, but only those of R. latastei plastically changed their behavior with the presence of the other species; however, neither R. latastei nor R. dalmatina show among-individual variation in plasticity.
Household Conflicts with Snow Leopard Conservation and Impacts from Snow Leopards in the Everest and Annapurna Regions of Nepal
Authors: Hanson Jonathan H.
Published: May 2022

Impacts on households from large carnivores are frequently reported in the conservation literature, but conflicts between households and large carnivore conservation are not. Employing a human-wildlife coexistence framework that distinguishes between human-wildlife impacts on one hand, and human-conservation conflicts on the other, this paper presents data from Annapurna Conservation Area and Sagarmatha (Everest) National Park, Nepal, each with different models of conservation governance. Using systematic sampling, quantitative information from 705 households was collected via questionnaires, while 70 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants for cross-methods triangulation. 7.7% of households reported conflicts with snow leopard conservation in the previous 12 months, primarily due to damage to livelihoods; these were significantly higher in the Annapurna region. 373 livestock were reported lost by households to snow leopards in the previous 12 months, representing 3.4% of total livestock owned and US$ 132,450 in financial value. Livestock losses were significantly lower in the Everest area. In linear regression models, total household livestock losses to all sources best explained conflicts with snow leopard conservation and household livestock losses to snow leopards but the models for the former dependent variable had very low explanatory power. Conservation in general, and large carnivore conservation in particular, should distinguish carefully between impacts caused by coexistence with these species and conflicts with conservation actors and over the methods and interventions used to conserve carnivores, especially where these negatively impact local livelihoods. In addition, livestock husbandry standards are highlighted again as an important factor in the success of carnivore conservation programmes.
A 3D multi-agent-based model for lumen morphogenesis: the role of the biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix
Authors: Camacho-Gómez Daniel , García-Aznar José Manuel , Gómez-Benito María José
Published: May 2022

The correct function of many organs depends on proper lumen morphogenesis, which requires the orchestration of both biological and mechanical aspects. However, how these factors coordinate is not yet fully understood. Here, we focus on the development of a mechanistic model for computationally simulating lumen morphogenesis. In particular, we consider the hydrostatic pressure generated by the cells’ fluid secretion as the driving force and the density of the extracellular matrix as regulators of the process. For this purpose, we develop a 3D agent-based-model for lumen morphogenesis that includes cells’ fluid secretion and the density of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, this computer-based model considers the variation in the biological behavior of cells in response to the mechanical forces that they sense. Then, we study the formation of the lumen under different-mechanical scenarios and conclude that an increase in the matrix density reduces the lumen volume and hinders lumen morphogenesis. Finally, we show that the model successfully predicts normal lumen morphogenesis when the matrix density is physiological and aberrant multilumen formation when the matrix density is excessive.
Impfeinstellung, Erwartungen und Impferfahrung von Immunsupprimierten bei COVID-19-Impfungen
Authors: Müller Frank , Heinemann Stephanie , Hummers Eva , Noack Eva Maria , Heesen Gloria , Dopfer-Jablonka Alexandra , Mikuteit Marie , Niewolik Jacqueline , Steffens Sandra , Schröder Dominik
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund

Immunsupprimierte sind seltener geimpft, gleichzeitig profitieren sie im Hinblick auf die Nutzen-Risiko-Abschätzung deutlich von vielen Impfungen – auch bei den neuen Impfstoffen gegen SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Bei der Entscheidung für eine Impfung sind Einstellungen, Erwartungen und Erfahrungen in Bezug auf bisherige Impfungen maßgeblich.

Fragestellung

Welche Einstellungen haben immunsupprimierte Menschen gegenüber Impfungen allgemein und einer COVID-19 Impfung im Speziellen? Wie haben sie ihre COVID-19-Impfung erlebt?

Material und Methoden

Im Rahmen der CoCo-Immun-Studie wurden im Frühjahr und Sommer 2021 (11.01.2021–07.11.2021) immunsupprimierte Teilnehmende zu 2 Zeitpunkten zu ihren Erwartungen an eine COVID-19-Impfung und zum Erleben der COVID-19-Impfung mit Fragebögen befragt. Zusätzlich wurden soziodemografische Daten, allgemeine Einstellungen gegenüber Impfungen sowie Erfahrungen mit bisherigen Impfungen erhoben. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels deskriptiver und bivariater Statistik.

Ergebnisse

Die 243 Befragten standen Impfungen überwiegend positiv und befürwortend gegenüber und erwarteten eine gute Verträglichkeit und Wirksamkeit. Frauen hatten weniger Vertrauen in die Sicherheit von Impfungen und häufiger Sorgen vor Impfreaktionen und -nebenwirkungen. Ältere Personen fühlten sich zum Zeitpunkt der Impfung besser informiert als jüngere. Personen, die über subjektive Nebenwirkungen bzw. Impfreaktionen bei vorangegangenen Impfungen berichteten, standen Impfungen und staatlichen Institutionen, die sie empfehlen, skeptischer gegenüber. Sie stimmten auch der Aussage „Rückblickend war die COVID-19-Impfung bisher harmlos für mich“ seltener zu.

Diskussion

Die COVID-19-Impfungen wurden von den befragten Personen überwiegend positiv antizipiert. Die Alters- und Geschlechtsunterschiede in den Zustimmungswerten deuten jedoch darauf hin, dass es unterschiedliche Informationsbedürfnisse gibt, auf die es in Aufklärungsgesprächen und Impfkampagnen einzugehen gilt.
The association of social and food preparation location context with the quality of meals and snacks consumed by young adults: findings from the MYMeals wearable camera study
Authors: Chan Virginia , Wellard-Cole Lyndal , Davies Alyse , Watson Wendy , Hughes Clare , Chapman Kathy , Signal Louise , Ni Mhurchu Cliona , Wang Leanne , D’Souza Danica , Gemming Luke , Rangan Anna , Bauman Adrian , Allman-Farinelli Margaret
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study examined the association of social contexts and food preparation location with the quality of meals and snacks (predominately from the five food groups (FFG) versus discretionary foods) in a sample of young Australian adults (18–30 years old) using wearable camera technology.

Methods

A sub-sample from the cross-sectional MYMeals study wore a wearable camera that captured images every 30 s for three consecutive days. Eating episodes from 133 participants (55% female) were classified across 4 domains: food quality (observed proportion of FFG and discretionary items), preparation location, social interaction, and screen use. Socio-economic status (SES) was assigned using residential postcode and gender self-reported. Associations of contexts and demographic factors with food quality stratified by meal type were determined using mixed binary logistic regression models.

Results

Of the 1840 eating episodes identified, 1775 were included in analysis (n = 8 preparation location and n = 57 food components that could not be identified were excluded). Food prepared at home was more likely to be from the FFG at lunch (OR = 4.8 95% CI 2.7–8.6), dinner (OR = 14.8 95% CI 7.6–28.6), and snacks (OR = 3.2 95% CI 2.2–4.8). Participants from higher SES areas were more likely to consume breakfasts (OR = 3.2 95% CI 1.4–7.4) and lunches (OR = 1.9 95% CI 1.0–3.7) predominately from the FFG. Females were more likely to consume lunches (OR = 2.0 95% CI 1.1–3.8) that was largely from the FFG. Social interaction and screen use were not associated with meal or snack quality.

Conclusion

Wearable cameras have verified the importance of addressing meals and snacks prepared outside of home as an important contributor of discretionary food.
Garnet EoS: a critical review and synthesis
Authors: Angel Ross J. , Gilio Mattia , Mazzucchelli Mattia , Alvaro Matteo
Published: May 2022

All available volume and elasticity data for the garnet end-members grossular, pyrope, almandine and spessartine have been re-evaluated for both internal consistency and for consistency with experimentally measured heat capacities. The consistent data were then used to determine the parameters of third-order Birch–Murnaghan EoS to describe the isothermal compression at 298 K and a Mie–Grüneisen–Debye thermal-pressure EoS to describe the PVT behaviour. In a full Mie–Grüneisen–Debye EoS, the variation of the thermal Grüneisen parameter with volume is defined as $$\gamma = {\gamma }_{0}{\left(\frac{V}{{V}_{0}}\right)}^{q}$$

γ
=

γ
0

V

V
0

q

. For grossular and pyrope garnets, there is sufficient data to refine q which has a value of q = 0.8(2) for both garnets. For other garnets, the data do not constrain the value of q and we therefore refined a q-compromise version of the Mie–Grüneisen–Debye EoS in which both γ/V and the Debye temperature θ D are held constant at all P and T, leading to $$\left( {{\raise0.7ex\hbox{${\partial C_{{\text{V}}} }$} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\partial C_{{\text{V}}} } {\partial P}}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} \!\lower0.7ex\hbox{${\partial P}$}}} \right)_{{\text{T}}} = 0$$

∂

C
V

∂
P

T

=
0

, parallel isochors and constant isothermal bulk modulus along an isochor. Final refined parameters for the q-compromise Mie–Grüneisen–Debye EoS are:

Pyrope
Almandine
Spessartine
Grossular

V0 (cm3/mol)a
113.13
115.25
117.92
125.35

K0T (GPa)
169.3 (3)
174.6 (4)
177.57 (6)
167.0 (2)

$$K^{\prime}_{{0{\text{T}}}}$$

K

0
T

′

4.55 (5)
5.41 (13)
4.6 (3)
5.07 (8)

θ D0
771 (28)
862 (22)
860 (35)
750 (13)

γ0
1.185 (12)
1.16 (fixed)
1.18 (3)
1.156 (6)

for pyrope and grossular, the two versions of the Mie–Grüneisen–Debye EoS predict indistinguishable properties over the metamorphic pressure and temperature range, and the same properties as the EoS based on experimental heat capacities. The biggest change from previously published EoS is for almandine for which the new EoS predicts geologically reasonable entrapment conditions for zircon inclusions in almandine-rich garnets.
Gibberellins in developing wheat grains and their relationship to late maturity α-amylase (LMA)
Authors: Mares Daryl , Derkx Adinda , Cheong Judy , Zaharia Irina , Asenstorfer Robert , Mrva Kolumbina
Published: May 2022

Main conclusion

α-Amylase synthesis by wheat aleurone during grain development (late maturity α-amylase) appears to be independent of gibberellin unlike α-amylase synthesis by aleurone during germination or following treatment with exogenous GA.

Late-maturity α-amylase (LMA) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) involves the synthesis of α-amylase by the aleurone tissue during grain development. Previous research identified a putative ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase gene, coding for an enzyme that controls the first step in gibberellin biosynthesis, that underlies the major genetic locus involved in variation in LMA phenotype. The reported results for gene transcript analysis, preliminary gibberellin analysis and the effects of DELLA mutants on LMA phenotype appeared to be consistent with involvement of gibberellin but did not provide definitive proof of a causal link. Conversely, several observations do not appear to be consistent with this hypothesis. In this current study, LMA phenotype, gibberellin profiles and ABA content were recorded for experiments involving susceptible and resistant genotypes, gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors, genetic lines containing different LMA quantitative trait loci and treatment of distal halves of developing grains with exogenous gibberellin. The results suggested that gibberellin may not be a prerequisite for LMA expression and further that the mechanism involved in triggering α-amylase synthesis did not correspond to the model proposed for germination and gibberellin challenged aleurone of ripe grain. The results provide new insight into LMA and highlight the need to investigate alternate pathways for the induction of α-amylase gene transcription, the function of novel 1-β-OH gibberellins and other functions of DELLA proteins in developing grains.
An efficient numerical scheme for the FE-approximation of magnetic stray fields in infinite domains
Authors: Schröder Jörg , Reichel Maximilian , Birk Carolin
Published: May 2022

In this contribution we propose an efficient and simple finite-element procedure for the approximation of open boundary problems for applications in magnetostatics. In these problems, the interaction of the solid with external space plays a crucial role because of the magnetic stray fields that arise. For this purpose, the infinite region under consideration is approximated by a sufficiently large domain. This region is then divided into a so-called interior domain and an exterior domain. As an essential prerequisite, we assume linear behavior of the (large) exterior domain. The latter is then reduced to the degrees of freedom of the connecting line (2D)/connecting surface (3D) of both domains via static condensation. The proposed finite element scheme can be seen as an alternative to established methods for infinite domains. These methods often require semi-analytical solutions to describe the behavior in the exterior domain, which can be difficult to obtain if heterogeneous structures are present. The proposed finite element procedure is not subject to any restrictions with regard to the topology of the exterior space. After a general introduction of the numerical scheme, we apply the method to problems of magnetostatics with nonlinear behavior in the interior domain.
Sensitivity analysis of factors controlling earth fissures due to excessive groundwater pumping
Authors: Li Yueting , Friedman Noemi , Teatini Pietro , Benczur Andras , Ye Shujun , Zhu Lin , Zoccarato Claudia
Published: May 2022

Aseisimic earth fissures are complex consequences of groundwater withdrawal and natural hydrogeologic conditions. This paper aims to improve the understanding of the mechanism of earth fissuring and investigate the relative importance of various factors to fissure activity, including bedrock geometry, piezometric depletion, compressibility and thickness of the exploited aquifer. For these purposes, a test case characterized by an impermeable and incompressible rock ridge in a subsiding basin is developed, where stress/displacement analyses and fissure state are predicted using an interface-finite element model. Three different methods for global sensitivity analysis are used to quantify the extent of the fissure opening to the aforementioned factors. The conventional sampling based Sobol’ sensitivity analysis is compared to two surrogate based methods, the general polynomial chaos expansion based Sobol’ analysis and a feature importance evaluation of a gradient boosting decision tree model. Numerical results indicate that earth fissure is forming in response to tensile stress accumulation above the ridge associated to pore-pressure depletion, inducing the fissure opening at land surface with further downward propagation. Sensitivity analysis highlights that the geometry of bedrock ridge is the most influential feature. Specifically, the fissure grows more when the ridge is steeper and closer to the land surface. Pore pressure depletion is a secondary feature and required to reach a certain threshold to activate the fissure. As for this specific application, the gradient boosting tree is the most suitable method for its better performance in capturing fissure characteristics.
Prozesse der nonverbalen Kommunikation im psychotherapeutischen Mehrpersonensetting – eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Huber-Hirk Anna
Published: May 2022

In der vorliegenden naturalistisch angelegten Studie wurde das körperliche Zusammenspiel von Therapieteilnehmer_innen im Kontext von systemischen Psychotherapiesitzungen im Mehrpersonensetting untersucht. Ziel der Studie war die Beantwortung der Frage, ob die subjektive Einschätzung der Beziehungsqualität der Therapieteilnehmer_innen mit der Anzahl, Dauer und Intensität von beobachtbarem (synchronem) nonverbalen Verhalten der anwesenden Personen korreliert. Dafür wurden fünf Therapiesitzungen im Mehrpersonensetting auf Video aufgezeichnet. Die zuvor von einer Interpret_innengemeinschaft ausgewählten Schlüsselszenen wurden in einem manuellen Annotationstool auf fünf körpersprachliche Kategorien (Mimik, Augenkontakt, Kopfbewegungen, Gestik und Körperhaltung) hin untersucht. Statistische Analysen zeigen, dass mehrere Variablen nonverbalen Verhaltens – und hier insbesondere die erforschten mimisch-affektiven Verhaltensweisen – mit der subjektiven Einschätzung der Stärke der therapeutischen Allianz korrelieren. Wie bereits in vorrangegangenen wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten beschrieben, legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass die nonverbale Kommunikation einen wichtigen Aspekt der therapeutischen Allianz ausmacht. Darüber hinaus zeigt die vorliegende Studie aber auch, dass das Phänomen der Mimikry auch zwischen drei und mehr Therapieteilnehmer_innen auftritt und in Zusammenhang mit der Stärke der therapeutischen Allianz steht. Die vorliegende Studie beleuchtet die Rolle der Mimikry aus systemischer Perspektive und erläutert die körpersprachliche Mitgestaltung auf Beziehungsebene in der Psychotherapie.
Does a working day keep the doctor away? A critical review of the impact of unemployment and job insecurity on health and social care utilisation
Authors: Li Keyi , Lorgelly Paula , Jasim Sarah , Morris Tiyi , Gomes Manuel
Published: May 2022

While the negative impact of unemployment on health is relatively well established, the extent to which that impact reflects on changes in health and social care utilisation is not well understood. This paper critically reviews the direction, magnitude and drivers of the impact of unemployment and job insecurity on health and social care utilisation across different care settings. We identified 28 relevant studies, which included 79 estimates of association between unemployment/job insecurity and healthcare utilisation. Positive associations dominated mental health services (N = 8 out of 11), but not necessarily primary care (N = 25 out of 43) or hospital care (N = 5 out of 22). We conducted a meta-analysis to summarise the magnitude of the impact and found that unemployed individuals were about 30% more likely to use health services compared to those employed, although this was largely driven by mental health service use. Key driving factors included financial pressure, health insurance, social network, disposable time and depression/anxiety. This review suggests that unemployment is likely to be associated with increased mental health service use, but there is considerable uncertainty around primary and hospital care utilisation. Future work to examine the impact across other settings, including community and social care, and further explore non-health determinants of utilisation is needed. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020177668).
Vertical root fracture resistance and crack formation of root canal-treated teeth restored with different post-luting systems
Authors: Rathke Andreas , Frehse Henry , Hrusa Beatrice
Published: May 2022

The aim was to investigate the vertical root fracture (VRF) resistance and crack formation of root canal-treated teeth restored with different post-luting systems. Human maxillary lateral incisors of similar size were decoronated, assigned to five groups (n = 18, power = 0.9) and embedded in acrylic blocks with artificial periodontal ligament. After root canal filling, post spaces were prepared to place coated fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) or sandblasted titanium (Ti) posts of the same shape and size. Half of the posts were zinc phosphate cemented (C), while the other half was adhesively luted (A). Untreated teeth served as control. After thermal cycling and staircase loading in a chewing simulator, the crack formation on the root dentin surface was microscopically examined and classified as no defect, craze line, vertical crack, and horizontal crack. Subsequently, the samples were loaded until root fracture. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test, and Fisher’s exact test. All samples survived the chewing simulation without VRF, but crack formation was significantly different between the groups (P = 0.009). The control showed significantly fewer defects than FRC/C, Ti/C, and Ti/A (P = 0.001, P = 0.008, P = 0.008, respectively). FRC/C showed the highest incidence of vertical cracks. FRC/A had the lowest incidence of defects. There was no significant difference in VRF resistance between the groups (P = 0.265). Adhesively luted FRC posts did not increase VRF resistance but reduced the risk of defects. Most defects were craze lines and vertical root cracks.
Cardioinhibitory syncope with asystole during nitroglycerin potentiated head up tilt test: prevalence and clinical predictors
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Parente Erika , Rago Anna , Comune Angelo , Laezza Nunzia , Papa Andrea Antonio , Chamberland Celeste , Huynh Thao , Golino Paolo , Brignole Michele , Nigro Gerardo
Published: May 2022

Aims

The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical predictors of cardioinhibitory (CI) responses with asystole at the nitroglycerin (NTG)-potentiated head-up tilt test (HUTT) in patients with a history of syncope admitted to a tertiary referral syncope unit.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated all consecutive patients who underwent NTG-potentiated HUTT for suspected reflex syncope at our institution from March 1 2017 to May 1 2020. The prevalence of HUTT-induced CI syncope was assessed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to test the association of asystolic response to HUTT with a set of clinical covariates.

Results

We enrolled 1285 patients (45 ± 19.1 years; 49.6% male); 368 (28.6%) showed HUTT-induced CI response with asystole. A multivariate analysis revealed that the following factors were independently associated with HUTT-induced CI syncope: male sex (OR 1.48; ConInt 1.14–1.92; P = 0.003), smoking (OR 2.22; ConInt 1.56–3.115; P < 0.001), traumatic syncope (OR: 2.81; ConInt 1.79–4.42; P < 0.001), situational syncope (OR 0.45; ConInt 0.27–0.73; P = 0.002), and the use of diuretics (OR 9.94; ConInt 3.83–25.76; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The cardioinhibitory syncope with asystole induced by NTG-potentiated HUTT is more frequent than previously reported. The male gender, smoking habit, history of traumatic syncope, and use of diuretics were independent predictors of HUTT-induced CI responses. Conversely, the history of situational syncope seems to reduce this probability.
Investigating the Asymmetric Behavior of Oil Price Volatility Using Support Vector Regression
Authors: Li Yushu , Karlsson Hyunjoo Kim
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the asymmetric behavior of oil price volatility using different types of Asymmetric Power ARCH (APARCH) model. We compare the estimation and forecasting performance of the models estimated from the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method and support vector machine (SVM) based regressions. Combining nonparametric SVM method with parametric APARCH model not only enables to keep interpretations of the parametric models but also leads to more precise estimation and forecasting results. Daily or weekly oil price volatility is investigated from March 8, 1991 to September 13, 2019. This whole sample period is split into four sub-periods based on the occurrence of certain economic events, and we examine whether the asymmetric behavior of the volatility exists in each sub-period. Our results indicate that SVM regression generally outperforms the other method with lower estimation and forecasting errors, and it is more robust to the choice of different APARCH models than the MLE counterparts are. Besides, the estimation results of the SVM based regressions in each sub-period show that the ARCH models with asymmetric power generally perform better than the models with symmetric power when the data sub-period includes large swings in oil price. The asymmetric behavior of oil price volatility, however, is not detected when the analysis is done using the whole sample period. This result underscores the importance of identifying the dynamics of the dataset in different periods to improve estimation and forecasting performance in modelling oil price volatility. This paper, therefore, examines volatility behavior of oil price with both methodological and economic underpinnings.
Viewing the body as an (almost) ageing thing
Authors: Gilleard Chris
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the role of the body in the social and psychological study of ageing. Drawing upon the phenomenological tradition, it argues that the body occupies a halfway house between materiality and subjectivity, unsettling those social psychological and biological frameworks by which age and ageing are traditionally understood. While offering no simple resolution of this ambiguity, the paper highlights the intrinsic nature of this dilemma. After reviewing recent research and writing concerning body awareness, body ownership and body affordance, the thesis is proposed that much of what constitutes bodily ageing can be seen as a series of ‘normal abnormalities’. These result in our experience of bodily ageing pivoting uneasily between an object and a subject position. This dialectic is incapable of synthetic resolution but still, to varying degrees it preoccupies many in later life. It is rarely confronted in its full complexity, however, in ageing studies. The phenomenological tradition provides an under-utilised framework for future investigations in this field.
Acknowledgments-based networks for mapping the social structure of research fields. A case study on recent analytic philosophy
Authors: Petrovich Eugenio
Published: May 2022

In the last decades, research in science mapping has delivered several powerful techniques, based on citation or textual analysis, for charting the intellectual organization of research fields. To map the social network underlying science and scholarship, by contrast, science mapping has mainly relied on one method, co-authorship analysis. This method, however, suffers from well-known limitations related to the practice of authorship. Moreover, it does not perform well on those fields where multi-authored publications are rare. In this study, a new method for mapping the social structure of research fields is advanced, based on the analysis of the acknowledgments of academic publications. We first discuss the standard account of the function of acknowledgments in scholarly communication, then we introduce a new interpretative framework in which the acknowledgments are intended as positioning signals exchanged by researchers. Next, we provide the formal definition of the four acknowledgments-based networks that stand at the core of the method, and we test it on a humanities field, analytic philosophy. Results show that acknowledgement-based networks allow to reconstruct the fine-grained social structure of analytic philosophy from different perspectives. Furthermore, by comparing the citation-based maps of the field with the acknowledgments-based networks, it permits to shed light on the relationship between the intellectual and social layer of analytic philosophy. We conclude by presenting practical limitations of the method and by sketching some further research lines.