bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust ASP Flooding Optimization Under Chemical Properties Uncertainty Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Optimizer
Authors: Wa Wee Wei , Oscar Vazquez
Published: March 2022

The paper presents Alkaline, Surfactant and Polymer (ASP) flooding optimization work under the uncertainties in chemical components’ properties in order to assess the risk in simulated incremental oil recovery value associated to uncertainties in chemical components’ properties.

Uncertain chemical properties for ASP were identified from published coreflood works and were defined in range instead of as discrete value in the simulation model. 100 chemical properties realizations were generated in the study based on the range of these key uncertain chemical properties and nine representative chemical properties realizations were selected based on the total oil recovery. Robust optimization work was performed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to determine the optimum ASP flooding design parameters, namely time to start ASP injection, main ASP slug size, post-flush polymer slug size and ASP concentration that gave highest Net Present Value (NPV) for all the nine selected chemical realizations. Optimized ASP design parameters was eventually run on 100 initially generated chemical properties realizations to generate NPV cumulative probability plot. Nominal optimization workflow that based on single chemical properties realization was used to generate another set of optimized ASP design parameters and the NPV cumulative probability plot generation was followed on the same 100 chemical properties realizations for comparison purpose.

The sensitivity of identified uncertain chemical properties on incremental oil recovery is demonstrated in the paper. Both nominal & robust optimization workflows improve the project NPV value compared to base case ASP design, with robust optimization showing further improvement over nominal optimization in all chemical realizations as expected. The spread in NPV clearly illustrated the risk of ASP flooding design related to uncertainties in ASP chemical properties. In this project, the exclusion of chemical properties uncertainties in optimization work led to the underestimation of ASP oil recovery performance.

The study is novel as while there were uncertainties in ASP chemical properties reported from laboratory core flood tests or core flood history matching simulations and presence of dynamic chemical adsorption behaviour under different chemical concentration combination, most of the published ASP optimization simulation studies has considered single chemical properties realization in their simulation models. The impact of uncertainties in chemical properties on simulated ASP oil recovery profile is demonstrated in this paper.
Integrated Hub Roadmap Adds 18 Years to Operational Life: Case Study from Gas Hub in Sarawak
Authors: Adnan Nur Izzati Izureen , Shazlina Intan , Sinha Ankaj Kumar , Faisal Ahmad Hisyam , M Sobri A Nasir
Published: March 2022

One of the key objectives for late field life management is aimed at unlocking production volumes below pipeline turndown rate (TDR). This can be achieved through new subsurface opportunities to keep total hub production above TDR and through operational management strategy to unlock below TDR volumes. This paper presents a reflection of technical studies conducted to extend hub production life and value creation for all stakeholders through technical due diligence, cost compression and operational excellence strategies.

Hub-A caters to production from two carbonate gas fields in Sarawak region and needs to maintain total production >120 MMscf/d to meet pipeline TDR. The hub was expected to go below TDR in Year-2022 and to sustain the hub production beyond 2022, attic gas volumes in one of the feeder fields were identified for future development to potentially add incremental gas production to the hub and extend operational life by 2.5 years. However, based on techno-commercial assessment, the project wasn't considered viable for development.

Additionally, recent production performance indicated sharp increase in water-gas ratio from existing fields with the outlook indicating an early timeline for hub production to go below TDR. This necessitated several surface studies to be commissioned for hub protection with the primary objective of assessing technical feasibility to continue production below TDR limit. These studies focused on flow assurance studies for main trunkline & satellite pipelines, corrosion study for pipeline remnant life assessment, operating philosophy for production management and capacity assessment for onshore facilities.

For long-term roadmap, future gas feeders were also identified for hub sustenance beyond cessation of production from existing fields.

With the implementation of short-term and long-term production strategy as part of operation & management philosophy, ~26 MMboe of below TDR volumes from existing fields are expected to be unlocked and the hub producing life is expected to be extended by >6 years with significant reduction in operational expenditure. Additionally, exploration roadmap has been strategized in synergy with hub outlook to provide long-term gas supply until 2040.

This is expected to generate significant value through continued revenue generation and keeping the hub in operable conditions for future tie-ins from new feeders and nearby gas field developments.

This paper presents novel operational strategy to unlock below pipeline TDR volumes for late field life management and integrated roadmap development for long-term value creation with synergy across exploration and development portfolio in the region.
Contact Determination in Cased Hole Wells by High Frequency Pressure Gradient Survey
Authors: Eriksen Klaus , Bakar Nasrul Hisham B.
Published: March 2022

Understanding the current oil-water, gas-water and gas-oil contacts (‘OWC’, ‘GWC’ and ‘GOC’) in a mature reservoir for planning well interventions, re-completions, or drilling infill wells is an essential part of the subsurface investment decision. Traditionally this is done by running conventional cased hole logging tools in existing wells when information from open hole logging in recently drilled wells is not available. However, in some reservoirs, the cased hole logging may yield ambiguous or erroneous results when determining the fluid contact. For example, when a well has a poor borehole condition or the target reservoir was laminated and/or of poor quality.

When a well is shut in, the fluids in the wellbore gradually equilibrate and a set of localized OWC and GOC will develop within the wellbore itself. These fluid contacts are generally not representative of the contacts in the reservoir; however, across the perforated intervals, the fluid redistribution will behave differently and the fluid column across the perforations will gradually equilibrate with the fluids in reservoir. As an example, if the well is perforated only across the oil column, then fluid across the perforation interval after equilibration will also be oil and the pressure gradients and capacitance log response within the well across this perforation interval will be representative of the oil gradient within the reservoir. Equally, if the free water level (FWL) and/or the GOC is situated within the range of perforated interval on a well that is shut in, then these contacts will also be present within the wellbore at the same depth as they occur in the reservoir, after the fluids within the well and in the reservoir have equilibrated. It is therefore possible to measure the FWL and the GOC across the perforation interval within the wellbore that are representative of the current fluid contacts within the reservoir, provided there is direct lateral hydraulic communication between the reservoir and the gauge as well as vertical communication within the reservoir across the perforated interval. As with any other cased hole logging methods it is also a requirement that the well does not exhibit active cross flow from other zones which would disturb the fluid equilibrium around the wellbore.

This paper presents a new method using a high-resolution static gradient survey (HRSGS) across the perforated intervals to acquire fluid contacts with a high level of precision, irrespective of the reservoir and well bore factors that influence the accuracy of conventional cased hole logging tools. The method has been implemented in the Seligi Field operated by EnQuest in Malaysia and has proven itself as a reliable new way of determining the current GOC and the current FWL. Results from this method are currently being used to determine where there is sufficient oil column in the field for the drilling of horizontal wells and for assessing investment opportunities with existing wells.
Delivering a One Phase Well Under Two Days with a One Inch Cutter PDC Drill Bit: A Record Breaking Performance in Mature Field, Drilling Optimization Case History
Authors: Sayogyo Bramarandhito , Hermawan Aditia , Andoni Bastian
Published: March 2022

Mahakam Block is a huge oil and gas concession managed by PT. Pertamina Hulu Mahakam (PHM) and located in deltaic and offshore environment in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Until today, the field has produced oil and gas for more than 50 years and categorized as "brown field" due to its declining production and marginal reserve potential. This condition has led to numerous effort to boost efficiency in well delivery from drilling perspective such that the reserve could be produced more economically.

One of the effort that has been done to create a well to be more economical is by increasing the Rate of Penetration (ROP). An increase in ROP would directly impact on well duration that could be finished faster in such that it would also impact on much lower well cost. There are several key factors that influence ROP, yet the most crucial part is coming from drilling bit design that is used to drill the formation. Incompatibility between bit design with formation and directional drive type would often result in slow drilling progress and thus would make a well less profitable. To support this idea, the operator has launched a campaign called MAXIDRILL with aim to have a persistent excellent drilling performance from ROP perspective. Selective approach to different bit designs and bit suppliers has brought the operator to conduct the first trial in Indonesia utilizing a one inch PDC cutter drill bit.

Besides the effort to increase well economics by increasing ROP using various bit designs through MAXIDRILL Campaign, PHM also tries to implement new set of well architecture dedicated specifically for developing the shallow hydrocarbon zone in Mahakam in general, and in Tunu Field in particular. With this new type of architecture, it allows drilling with 9-1/2″ hole to be done straight from 20″ Conductor Pipe down to well final target depth in single phase, where next 3-1/2″ production tubing will be run and cemented in place. The new design of architecture is called "One Phase Well". This novel innovation was initiated in 2019, where to date, the operator has drilled more than 30 wells without any incident.

With the learning curve that has turned into industrialization steps. More and more shorter well duration is born with these two initiatives, MAXIDRILL and One Phase Well. Ultimately, with the spirit of these two initiatives for bringing down well duration in gain for much better well economics has successfully set a two record breaking performance in Mahakam: 1) Being the fastest On Bottom ROP and 2) Being the fastest well ever delivered in Mahakam and Indonesia which is under two days.
Practical Approach to Address Pitfalls of High-Resolution Numerical Simulation Modeling in Advanced Completion Design Optimization Today
Authors: Yew Zhen Xuan , Tan Chee Seong , Wa Wee Wei , Goh Gordon
Published: March 2022

Application of downhole flow control device (DFCV) has proven to be a successful strategy to mitigate early water or gas breakthrough in many fields in Asia. A conventional numerical modeling workflow is often applied in such studies. However, the full potential from the downhole installation is often not explored due to several numerical oversights in failure to adapt to the unique operation requirements and DCFV hardware design representation. This paper presents a practical approach to address pitfalls involved in high-resolution numerical simulation DFCV design optimization.

In this paper, a multi-stage procedure is highlighted involving a numerical simulation model prepared for DFCV design and optimization. The first step is to investigate the grid resolution from the 3D model. This is to ensure the effect of grid-to-well resolutions from coarse scale to finer scales to capture the device behavior along the open hole (OH) length of horizontal wells and to capture the gas and water influx from contact. The second step is to design and optimize the packer placement based on permeability contrast as primary reference using a practical approach by setting the number of packers as a sensitivity variable with uniform DFCV setting design. It is then followed by an unbiased design workflow is to optimize benefits of all kinds of DFCV such as nozzle-based and viscosity dependent inflow control devices of zonally varying setting or optimal configuration designs.

The practical approach is demonstrated on a synthetic simulation model with a horizontal well to address the oversights in modelling prior to DFCV design and optimization process. Based on this work, vertical grid resolution to oil thickness ratio exceeding 1:32 amplified the differences in results due to numerical dispersion problem. For packer location optimization, several sensitivities of different packer placements and number of packers were performed to compare the oil cumulative incremental. The optimum number of packers with uniform DFCV design is 19 packers, however the oil gain will be decreased once the number of packers is reduced. Finally, the practicality of applying a global optimization algorithm to such studies during real-time operations was investigated.

A unique practical approach is presented to address pitfalls involved in the needs of high-resolution numerical simulation in DFCV optimization. This approach captures the complex physics and resolution involved while ensuring the design loop efficient enough to perform fine-tuning during run-in-hole or on-the fly design onsite. In addition, this design optimization workflow is possible due to the availability of a new standard advanced reservoir simulator, that is cloud-compliant and has efficient multi-core parallel processing which otherwise would take days if not weeks conventionally to complete the task, deemed unsuitable for near real-time design or fine-tuning needs.
Concerted Approach for Annular Pressure Build-Up APB Mitigations to Safeguard Well Integrity of Subsea, High Temperature Carbonate Exploration Well
Authors: Raja Ismail Raja Muhammad Hafizi , Zainal Abidin Faieqah , Thuzar Myat , Rameli M. Faisal , Kumar Avinash Kishore , Moh Wahi M. Wahidullah , Yun Thiam Yap
Published: March 2022

Exploration well with carbonate reservoir is a challenging well to plan for due to risk of total losses because of karst presence. It became even more challenging for a subsea well with high bottom hole temperature (BHT) and prospect of well testing. Flow of HT reservoir fluids (BHT up to 175 deg C) to surface will resulted in significant heat transfer to adjacent casing & its annulus fluids, and lead to annular pressure build-up (APB). High APB will lead to loss of well integrity via 13-3/8" intermediate casing burst and 9-7/8" production casing collapse if left unmitigated. As per The Company technical standards, two APB mitigations were required in a subsea well. The first selected mitigation is an open casing shoe. The exposed shoe will act as a natural relief valve whenever APB exceeding its fracture pressure (FP), therefore, limit the APB to its FP. However, it is challenging to keep the 9-7/8" casing top of cement (TOC) below the 13-3/8" casing shoe and fulfil the open shoe barrier requirement for this well where the open hole interval is relatively short and subject to be plugged off by barite sagging, insufficient open shoe length for safety margin of excess cement and requirement of minimum annulus cement length for shoe integrity. Extra mitigations were addressed through extensive lab tested solids-free annulus fluid to mitigate barite sagging. Open shoe interval also designed with multiple weak sands exposure and higher FP were considered for worst-case APB simulation. The second barrier is the 13-3/8" intermediate casing and 9-7/8" production casing itself. Based on WellCAT simulation, the intermediate casing unable to meet The Company standards of burst (safety factor, SF < 1.1) in the worst-case scenario whereby APB is unmitigated. The casing burst pressure rating was recalculated using API Bulletin 5C3 equation with the inputs taken from minimum actual casing wall thickness measurement and internal yield pressure from its mill certificate. Technical derogations were raised and approved once the casing passed all the load cases using the revised burst rating by minimum SF of 1.0. The well was delivered successfully with the open hole barrier for both casing was executed flawlessly despite the complex fluid train while cementing.
Treatment and Prevention of Stuck Pipe Based on Artificial Neural Networks Analysis
Authors: Zhu Qi
Published: March 2022

Oil and gas drilling is a field practice with risks and uncertainties. Uncertainty and ambiguity of formation conditions often cause downhole accidents such as borehole wall instability, stuck drilling, blowout, etc., and also pose a threat to drilling safety.Due to the incorrect understanding of the objective environment and the wrong decision of subjective consciousness; it caused complex underground conditions and serious accidents.

Collapse stuck is the worst kind of accident in stuck stuck. The procedures to deal with this kind of accident are the most complicated, the most time-consuming, the most risky, and even the whole or part of the wellbore may be scrapped, so we should try our best to avoid this accident during the drilling process.Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs for short) is a mathematical model of algorithms that imitate the behavioral characteristics of animal neural networks and perform distributed parallel information processing.

This kind of network depends on the complexity of the system and adjusts the interconnection relationship between a large numbers of internal nodes to achieve the purpose of processing information, and has the ability of self-learning and self-adaptation.

This paper analyzes the causes of collapse stuck, the mechanical mechanism of drilling fluid wettability on the stability of mud shale formation wall.A surface wetting reversal agent added to the drilling fluid system was used to change the wettability of the shale surface.The mechanism analysis and research results of changing the wettability to change the mechanical properties of the shale fracture surface were applied to the actual production of the collapsed drilling rig.Through the change of drilling parameters, the risk of stuck drilling is predicted in advance, the drilling speed is increased, the drilling time loss caused by stuck drilling is reduced, and the drilling cycle and cost are saved.
Involvement of muscle satellite cell dysfunction in neuromuscular disorders: Expanding the portfolio of satellite cell-opathies
Authors: Ganassi Massimo , Zammit Peter S.
Published: March 2022

Neuromuscular disorders are a heterogeneous group of acquired or hereditary conditions that affect striated muscle function. The resulting decrease in muscle strength and motility irreversibly impacts quality of life. In addition to directly affecting skeletal muscle, pathogenesis can also arise from dysfunctional crosstalk between nerves and muscles, and may include cardiac impairment. Muscular weakness is often progressive and paralleled by continuous decline in the ability of skeletal muscle to functionally adapt and regenerate. Normally, the skeletal muscle resident stem cells, named satellite cells, ensure tissue homeostasis by providing myoblasts for growth, maintenance, repair and regeneration. We recently defined 'Satellite Cell-opathies’ as those inherited neuromuscular conditions presenting satellite cell dysfunction in muscular dystrophies and myopathies (doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112906). Here, we expand the portfolio of Satellite Cell-opathies by evaluating the potential impairment of satellite cell function across all 16 categories of neuromuscular disorders, including those with mainly neurogenic and cardiac involvement. We explore the expression dynamics of myopathogenes, genes whose mutation leads to skeletal muscle pathogenesis, using transcriptomic analysis. This revealed that 45% of myopathogenes are differentially expressed during early satellite cell activation (0 - 5 hours). Of these 271 myopathogenes, 83 respond to Pax7, a master regulator of satellite cells. Our analysis suggests possible perturbation of satellite cell function in many neuromuscular disorders across all categories, including those where skeletal muscle pathology is not predominant. This characterisation further aids understanding of pathomechanisms and informs on development of prognostic and diagnostic tools, and ultimately, new therapeutics.
Impact of socio-economic environment and its interaction on the initial spread of COVID-19 in mainland China
Authors: Guo Mao , Yang Lin , Shen Feixue , Zhang Lei , Li Anqi , Cai Yanyan , Zhou Chenghu
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has strongly impacted society since it was first reported in mainland China in December 2020. Understanding its spread and consequence is crucial to pandemic control, yet difficult to achieve because we deal with a complex context of social environment and variable human behaviour. However, few efforts have been made to comprehensively analyse the socio-economic influences on viral spread and how it promotes the infection numbers in a region. Here we investigated the effect of socio-economic factors and found a strong linear relationship between the gross domestic product (GDP) and the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases with a high value of R2 (between 0.57 and 0.88). Structural equation models were constructed to further analyse the social-economic interaction mechanism of the spread of COVID-19. The results show that the total effect of GDP (0.87) on viral spread exceeds that of population influx (0.58) in the central cities of mainland China and that the spread mainly occurred through its interplay with other factors, such as socio-economic development. This evidence can be generalized as socio-economic factors can accelerate the spread of any infectious disease in a megacity environment. Thus, the world is in urgent need of a new plan to prepare for current and future pandemics.
A geographical information system model to define COVID-19 problem areas with an analysis in the socio-economic context at the regional scale in the North of Spain
Authors: De Cos Olga , Castillo-Salcines Valentín , Cantarero-Prieto David
Published: March 2022

The work presented concerns the spatial behaviour of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the regional scale and the socio-economic context of problem areas over the 2020-2021 period. We propose a replicable geographical information systems (GIS) methodology based on geocodification and analysis of COVID-19 microdata registered by health authorities of the Government of Cantabria, Spain from the beginning of the pandemic register (29th February 2020) to 2nd December 2021. The spatial behaviour of the virus was studied using ArcGIS Pro and a 1x1 km vector grid as the homogeneous reference layer. The GIS analysis of 45,392 geocoded cases revealed a clear process of spatial contraction of the virus after the spread in 2020 with 432 km2 of problem areas reduced to 126.72 km2 in 2021. The socio-economic framework showed complex relationships between COVID-19 cases and the explanatory variables related to household characteristics, socio-economic conditions and demographic structure. Local bivariate analysis showed fuzzier results in persistent hotspots in urban and peri-urban areas. Questions about ‘where, when and how’ contribute to learning from experience as we must draw inspiration from, and explore connections to, those confronting the issues related to the current pandemic.
Accuracy of Ultrasound Estimation of Fetal Weight at Term
Authors: Aye Abalaka A. , Agida Teddy E. , Babalola Akinola A. , Isah Aliyu Y. , Adewole Nathaniel David
Published: March 2022

Background:

Ultrasound measurement provides a noninvasive means of obtaining information about fetal weight and may help in necessary preparations at and after delivery. Although some ultrasound methods include only one or two fetal indices, others, to improve accuracy, incorporate either three or all the four fetal indices. The aim of this report is to assess the accuracy of two different methods for fetal weight estimation.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective study of 170 consecutive pregnant women at term. Ultrasound was used to estimate fetal weight by the Shepard and Hadlock methods, and the actual birth weight (ABW) was determined at birth. The ultrasound-estimated fetal weights (EFWs) and ABW were analyzed.

Results:

The women were aged 21–42 years (mean 31.3 ± 7 years). The EFW using the Shepard method was 1.9 kg–5.0 kg (mean 3.6 ± 0.5 kg) and 1.8 kg–4.4 kg (mean 3.3 ± 0.4 kg) for Hadlock method, and ABW was 2.0 kg–4.5 kg (mean 3.4 ± 0.5 kg). The mean EFW using the Shepard method was significantly higher than that of ABW (P < 0.001). The Shepard method significantly overestimated macrosomia compared to that by the ABW. There was no significant difference in microsomia rate between the two methods and ABW.

Conclusion:

The Hadlock method was more accurate at estimating fetal weight compared to the Shepard method and is recommended for the ultrasound estimation of fetal weight in our setting and similar settings.
Study of Ankle–Brachial Index among the Patients of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Jawahar Anusha , Krishnamurthy Vishwanath , Kulkarni Ashwin , Kumar T. Anil
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a group of conditions that are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Ankle–brachial index (ABI) is a noninvasive, inexpensive way of assessing the blood flow in the lower limbs and may be useful as an indirect marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Aim and Objective:

To study and compare ABI values between patients with MetS and patients without MetS.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 98 patients attending the outpatient department between October 2018 and September 2020 were included in the study. They were categorized as MetS and non-MetS as per the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. They were tested for ABI with a handheld Doppler. The ABI values were compared between the two groups.

Results:

Among 98 patients, 49 were cases and 49 as controls. ABI values were found to be 1.09 ± 0.12 among the cases and 1.22 ± 0.05 among the controls and were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The patients with MetS had lower ABI compared with the patients who did not have MetS. ABI can be used as an indirect marker of atherosclerosis and can be used in routine clinical assessment for identifying patients at a higher cardiovascular risk.
Optic nerve ultrasound and cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Wakimoto Mayuko , Patrick Joseph H. , Yamaguchi Yoshikazu , Roth Catherine , Corridore Marco , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Despite advances in surgical, anesthetic, perfusion, and postoperative care, adverse neurological consequences may occur following cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Consequences of the physiologic effects of CPB may alter the blood–brain barrier, autoregulation, and intracranial pressure (ICP) in the immediate postoperative period.

Methods:

We evaluated the effects of cardiac surgery and CPB on the central nervous system by measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by using ultrasound as a surrogate marker of ICP. ONSD was measured after anesthetic induction and endotracheal intubation (time 1), after separation from CPB (time 2), and at the completion of the surgical procedure prior to leaving the OR (time 3).

Results:

The study cohort included 14 patients, ranging in age from newborn to 6 years. When comparing the Fontan group (n = 5) to the non-Fontan group (n = 9), four elevated ONSD observations were recorded for the Fontan patients during the study period, including one at time 1, one at time 2, and two at time 3. In Fontan versus non-Fontan patients, ONSD was greater at all three time points compared to non-Fontan. The change in the ONSD from time 1 to time 2 was greater (+0.2 mm vs. −0.1 mm), and the mean value at time 2 was significantly higher (4.2 vs. 3.5 mm, P = 0.048).

Conclusions:

Patients with Fontan physiology may be more prone to higher levels of baseline intracranial pressure due to elevated systemic venous pressure and decreased cardiac output. Alternatively, the chronically high central venous pressures may artificially elevate ONSD without clinical changes in ICP, necessitating the development of separate normative values based on the type of congenital heart disease.
Perioperative total intravenous anesthesia in a child with Walker-Warburg syndrome
Authors: Bahaziq Wadeeah , Hassan Ahmed R. , Jubili Majd Y. , Boker Abdulaziz
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

Walker-Warburg syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive congenital muscular dystrophy presenting with hydrocephalus, type II lissencephaly, cerebellar malformation, and ocular anomalies. Here, we describe the use of perioperative total intravenous anesthesia in a pediatric patient with Walker-Walburg syndrome.

Clinical Features:

A 2-month-old girl with Walker-Walburg syndrome was admitted for urgent ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. Anesthesia was induced using intravenous atropine (100 μg), ketamine (10 mg), and fentanyl (15 μg). The patient was monitored for various clinical parameters based on American Society of Anesthesiologists standards. Anesthesia was maintained using intermittent doses of 0.5 mg intravenous midazolam and 5–10 μg fentanyl in incremental boluses. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, no published cases have reported the use of total intravenous anesthesia in patients with Walker-Walburg syndrome who have potential risks for anesthetic-induced malignant hyperthermia. This report described the key features, potential anesthetic management plan, and current literature review of Walker-Walburg syndrome.
Preemptive pericapsular nerve group block to facilitate sitting position for neuraxial anesthesia in patients with acetabular fractures
Authors: Mistry Tuhin , Sonawane Kartik , Raghuvanshi Apurva , Balavenkatasubramanian Jagannathan , Gurumoorthi Palanichamy
Published: March 2022

Acetabular fractures are uncommon types of pelvic fractures associated with restricted mobility due to severe pain. The high analgesic demands can be fulfilled by using multimodal analgesia incorporating regional analgesia. The choice of regional analgesia technique depends on the type of acetabular fracture and innervation of the affected components. We report a case series of five patients with acetabular fractures, in whom pre-emptive administration of pericapsular nerve group block provided effective analgesia to facilitate the sitting position for the neuraxial block.
Supraglottic airway device and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for curative surgery in a patient with huge thyroid mass
Authors: Choi Eun Kyung , Kim Do Young , Kim Jun Oh
Published: March 2022

In the case of complete surgical resection of locally aggressive thyroid mass with severely compromised airways, airway management is difficult and can be considerably risky. We report a case of airway management using i-gel™ and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which is a safe and feasible method of airway management for providing general anesthesia in a patient with a large thyroid mass.
Fluoroscopic-guided erector spinae plane block for spine surgery
Authors: Kim Eric , Alshoubi Abdalhai
Published: March 2022

Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is an ultrasound-guided block that can be also done under fluoroscopic guidance, which is usually used to manage postoperative pain of the thoracic and abdominal regions. We describe a successful Fluoroscopic-guided lumbar erector spinae plane block for lower back spinal surgery.
Ultrasound-guided bilateral infraclavicular brachial plexus block
Authors: Şengel Abdulhakim , Seçilmiş Selçuk
Published: March 2022

Anesthesiologists avoid multiple upper extremity peripheral nerve block applications due to complications such as increased phrenic nerve palsy and local anesthetic systemic toxicity risk. With the introduction of ultrasound into clinical life and the increase in the number of experienced anesthesiologists, such complications are less common. We also discussed three cases that we think may contribute to the literature on this subject. Our first case was scheduled for operation due to a trigger finger in his left hand and carpal tunnel syndrome in his right hand. Our second case was scheduled for surgery due to distal radius and ulnar fractures in both forearms. Our third case scheduled for operation for a fracture of the right forearm distal radius and a second metacarpal fracture in the left hand. In this report series, we present our experience of bilateral infraclavicular block, which we successfully performed in three cases and did not encounter any complications.
Comparison of the effectiveness of intravenous fentanyl versus caudal epidural in neonates undergoing tracheoesophageal fistula surgeries
Authors: Nagappa Saraswathi , Kalappa Sandhya , Vijayakumar H N , Nethra H N
Published: March 2022

Background:

Caudal epidural has become an inseparable part of pediatric pain relief as it depresses the stress response better than any other form of analgesia, resulting in the reduction in the need for systemic opioids; in addition, it facilitates early recovery and promotes good postoperative respiratory functions.

Aim:

To evaluate the effectiveness of epidural analgesia in neonates undergoing tracheoesophageal fistula repair in terms of requirement of perioperative fentanyl opioid, postoperative neonatal infant pain score (NIPS), on-table extubation, duration of intubation, reintubation, perioperative hemodynamic response, and any other side effects.

Materials and Methods:

A comparative, prospective, single-blind, randomized trial on 30 neonates scheduled for tracheoesophageal surgeries were randomly allocated to two groups: group I: neonates receiving caudal epidural block with ropivacaine 0.2%, 1 mg/kg bolus followed by infusion 0.1 mg/kg/h; group II: neonates receiving initial intravenous [IV] fentanyl 1 ug/kg and maintenance with 0.5 μg/kg/h IV bolus.

Results:

None of the neonates received opioids in group I. There were statistically significant differences in the mean NIPS at 30, 60, 90, 120 150, and 240-min intervals between group I and group II. Further, 80% of neonates were extubated in group 1 compared to 50% in group II, which was statistically significant (P = 0.025). The duration of intubation was more in group II compared to group I, with a suggestive significance of P = 0.093.

Conclusion:

Caudal epidural infusion provides adequate perioperative analgesia, promotes rapid weaning from the ventilator, and contributes to a successful outcome.
Seizure following general anesthesia for cystoscopy and urethral dilatation
Authors: Elbashary Ahmed Sabry , Alshwairikh Khaloud A. , Almaanie Raed , Alhazzani Adel , Alsufyani Abdullah , Almousa Abdullah , Alotaibi Majed , Eldawlatly Abdelazeem A.
Published: March 2022

Seizure and anesthesia is a topic necessitating more studies to understand its mechanism. Some anesthetic agents triggers seizures, while others can control it. We are here reporting a case of apparently healthy young adult patient who underwent diagnostic cystoscopy and urethral dilatation under general anesthesia and who developed seizure immediately after admission to the postanaesthetic care unit.
Development and Validation of a Writing Efficacy Scale
Authors: Han Yunyoung , Han Laehee
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop a writing efficacy scale by introducing the concept of efficacy to writing. By applying Bandura's domain general construction concept of self-efficacy, we developed 33 items, which are 6 factors of domain-specific writing efficacy. As a result of examining the content validity (CVR>.33) of 29 writing experts, we derived 26 questions. As a result of performing an exploratory factor analysis on 1099 students currently enrolled at S University, 23 items were finally derived with 5 factors: success performance, vicarious experience, social persuasion, anxiety, and interest. For the derived items, convergent validity and discriminant validity (did you mean to repeat this?) were verified for 2,482 current students using confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, we discussed the academic and practical significance of this study based on the research results.
A Case Study on the Development and Operation of Competency－Based Liberal Arts Courses in a Modularized Non-Curriculum Program
Authors: Choi Mi-Sug
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to conduct a case study of the development and operation of the ‘G-MAP blueprint’, a competency-based liberal arts subject that has modularized the non-curricular program of W University. In order to achieve this goal, we conducted an analysis of the operation status of liberal arts and non-curricular programs, focus interviews with professors, and a satisfaction survey of education consumers. The results of this study are as follows. First, this course is absolutely necessary for new students to improve their understanding and adaptability to college life in general. Appropriate guidance is available, and opportunities are provided to prevent dropout of freshmen, Second, a feasible case of developing liberal arts subjects for nurturing dedicated human resources and expanding the number of credits required for graduation from liberal arts is presented even at universities that do not have an organization dedicated to liberal arts education within the university. Third, in order to raise awareness of the importance of liberal arts education at the university level, the scalability of liberal arts education is suggested by sharing practical case studies that can be operated together by professors in charge of liberal arts subjects and professors in charge of majors. Fourth, by introducing the competency-based liberal arts development process and procedure through modularization of the non-curricular program, it presented important basic data for diversifying the operation of university liberal arts education and seeking developmental directions in the future. Fifth, it has important educational significance in that it presents a case in which it is possible to expand the educational performance and effectiveness of liberal arts education through a three-year longitudinal study. Therefore, although this study may have limitations as a case study at a junior college, it is expected that it will be of value to be used as a continuous research data in the future.
The Impact of Non-Cognitive Ability on the Performance of the Labor Market
Authors: Park Cheolsung , Choi Kang-Shik
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we estimate the impact of non-cognitive ability on the labor market performance in Korea using Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) data. Non-cognitive ability is measured by ‘self-esteem’ and ‘locus of control’ scores. Our findings are as follows. First, the rate of return to education is still estimated to be substantial, but somewhat smaller, when non-cognitive ability is controlled for in the estimation. Specifically, one additional year of college education is estimated to raise wages by three to ten percent. Second, the higher one’s education, the higher one’s self-esteem and the more strongly one believes that he or she is in control of their own life. Third, non-cognitive ability has a significant impact on wages even after controlling for sex, age, education level, tenure, size of the establishment, occupation and industry. The estimated impact of one standard deviation increase on the ‘self-esteem’ score and on the ‘locus of control’ score are comparable to that of 1.5 years and 0.5 years of college education, respectively. Accordingly, the contents as well as the methodologies of general education need to be reconsidered to foster the non-cognitive abilities of the students.
A Study on the Current Status of Basic Liberal Arts Consulting for Junior Colleges
Authors: Kwon Joon Won
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to summarize the achievements and limitations of basic general education consulting for junior colleges over the past 4 years, and to suggest improvement plans. The basic consulting for general education at junior colleges, which started in 2018, brought up the conversation topic regarding general education at junior colleges. Also, as general education was included as one of the the basic competency diagnostic evaluation items of junior colleges to be implemented in 2021, junior colleges began to accept general education as a practical task rather than as a superficial object. From 2018 to 2021, 41 junior colleges out of a total of 133 junior colleges participated in the basic general education consulting program, and the participation rate was 30.8%. 11 junior colleges particpated in 2018, 14 in 2019, 14 in 2020, and 7 in 2021. The junior colleges satisfaction with the consulting conducted to date has been quite high, as the students had the opportunity to actually check and improve the status of basic general education through the consulting program. In this study, for the development of basic general education consulting for junior colleges in the future, three things are proposed: First, the expansion of participation among junior colleges, second, quality improvement of the pre-diagnosis report, and third, the implementation of the consent form.
FiLBY-2 – ein Leseflüssigkeitstraining für alle Schülerinnen und Schüler?
Authors: Schilcher Anita , Wild Johannes , Kraus Elisabeth , Hilbert Sven
Published: March 2022

Die letzten IGLU- und PISA-Studien zeigen, dass es in Deutschland in den letzten 20 Jahren nicht gelungen ist, die ungünstige Kopplung zwischen Leseleistung und sozialer Herkunft maßgeblich zu reduzieren. Im Leseunterricht profitieren vor allem die stärkeren Leserinnen und Leser, während sich der Abstand zu den schwächeren Schülerinnen und Schüler über die Schuljahre vergrößert. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht an einer Stichprobe von 8 859 Grundschulkindern, inwiefern es dem Lesetraining FiLBY-2 gelingt, unterschiedliche Schülergruppen so zu fördern, dass eine sich öffnende Leistungsschere minimiert wird. Die durchgeführten Analysen zeigen, dass alle Kinder hinsichtlich ihrer Leseflüssigkeit von dem Programm profitieren, insbesondere auch die Gruppe der schwächeren Leserinnen und Leser. Der Vorteil der FiLBY-Gruppe bleibt auch nach Kontrolle des Geschlechts, des Migrationshintergrunds bzw. des Bildungshintergrundes bestehen. Die Ergebnisse lassen Implikationen für die Unterrichtspraxis zu, die anschließend diskutiert werden.
Von der Gesprächsanalyse zur Entwicklung des interaktionssensiblen Kodierinstruments ISKODIL:
Authors: Morek Miriam , Heller Vivien , Kinalzik Noelle , Schneider Valentin
Published: March 2022

Der methodologisch ausgerichtete Beitrag stellt theoretische und methodische Grundlagen sowie An­wendungsperspektiven des Kodierinstruments ISKODIL vor, mit dem „diskurserwerbsförderliches Lehrerhandeln“ (Heller & Morek, 2015) erfasst wird. Es wurde im Rahmen eines Professionalisierungsprojekts zu lehrerseitigem Interaktionsverhalten in Unterrichtsgesprächen entwickelt und ist gesprächsanalytisch und diskurserwerbstheo-retisch fundiert. In Abgrenzung zu bisher vorliegenden Kodierinstrumenten für Unterrichtsgespräche wird gezeigt, wie mit Hilfe von ISKODIL individuell zugeschnittenes diskursives Fordern und Unterstützen diskursiver Beiträge in seiner Sequenzialität und Interaktivität abgebildet werden kann, vor allem mit Blick auf das Setzen globaler Zug­zwänge durch Lehrkräfte und den Einsatz von Zuhöreraktivitäten. Die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von ISKODIL werden anhand des Vergleichs diskurserwerbsförderlichen Lehrerhandelns von vier Deutschlehrkräften illustriert.
La muerte del animal: Imagen sintomática y alianzas subalternas en “Nós matamos o cão tinhoso” de Luis Bernardo Honwana y “Vamos a matar los gatitos” de Álvaro Cepeda Samudio
Authors: Diaz Muñoz Eliana Milagros
Published: March 2022

Este trabajo presenta un estudio comparado entre “Nós matamos o cão tinhoso” del escritor mozambiqueño Luis Bernardo Honwana y “Vamos a matar los gatitos” del colombiano Álvaro Cepeda Samudio. Escritos con 14 años de diferencia y con una fuente común en la narrativa moderna norteamericana, pero, al mismo tiempo, atravesados por contextos de producción diferenciados, ambos relatos exploran la relación entre la muerte del animal, la infancia y la violencia desmedida sobre “cuerpos descartables”. Bajo la comprensión de las imágenes literarias cual imágenes crítica y sintomáticas en el sentido que les da Didi-Huberman (1997), siguiendo a Benjamin, se formula una comparación que explora la potencia política de esta imagen. La representación literaria del animal y de su muerte abre la discusión sobre los alcances y las limitaciones de una noción de “soberanía” humana como la capacidad y el derecho de dejar y hacer morir (Mbembe, 2011).
Tecendo conexões e aproximações entre feminismos africanos e latino-americanos
Authors: Gasparetto Vera Fátima , Speck Débora
Published: March 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é tecer algumas conexões entre feminismos latino-americanos e africanos (focados em Moçambique) que emergem de entrevistas e referenciais teóricos acerca de encontros, desencontros, aproximações e distanciamentos dentro do campo do ativismo e dos estudos de gênero e feministas nos territórios de África/Moçambique e América Latina/Brasil, a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial e das narrativas que fazem uma crítica ao feminismo hegemônico, tanto acadêmico como ativista. Assim, buscamos trazer os níveis de circulação de saberes e conhecimentos entre os dois continentes, que emergem de intercâmbios culturais na globalização, diálogos e vivências de pessoas que estiveram em ambos os mundos, as influências dessas interrelações para a articulação dos feminismos globais a partir de conexões entre as resistências epistêmicas e de luta por direitos no âmbito do Sul-Sul.