bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Area threshold and trait–environment associations of butterfly assemblages in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China
Authors: Chen Chuanwu , Xu Aichun , Wang Yanping
Published: December 2020

Aim

An area threshold is usually considered as the point of abrupt change in the species–area relationship (SAR). Despite their widespread existence, few studies have considered the influence of data transformations on their presence or the mechanisms that generate them. The aims of this study were thus to test for the existence of an area threshold in butterfly assemblages and to compare trait–environment associations between small and large islands split by the threshold.

Location

Zhoushan Archipelago, China.

Taxon

Butterflies.

Methods

We used the line‐transect method to survey butterflies on 42 islands from July to August 2014. We also collected data on three commonly used ecological traits of butterflies (wingspan, wing loading and body weight). We transformed the butterfly datasets into three types (log‐log, semi‐log and untransformed) and fitted each of them using a set of breakpoint regression models. We then split all islands into small and large islands based on the area threshold and analysed the trait–environment associations for each island group.

Results

Two‐slope breakpoint models performed best for log‐log and semi‐log transformed datasets. However, the former exhibited a steep‐shallow shape with an area threshold of 0.820 km2 and the latter was in shallow‐steep shape with a threshold of 17.022 km2. By contrast, no threshold was detected when using the untransformed power model. Moreover, for small islands, small area and large isolation were positively correlated with species with large wing loading and body weight. For large islands, however, the perimeter to area ratio (PAR) was significantly and positively related to wing loading.

Main conclusions

We found that data transformations may influence the detection of area thresholds. Trait–environment analyses can further provide novel and mechanistic insights into processes generating area thresholds. We urge that the influence of data transformations and ecological traits of species should be explicitly considered in future studies.
RETRACTED: LBX2‐AS1 promotes ovarian cancer progression by facilitating E2F2 gene expression via miR‐455‐5p and miR‐491‐5p sponging
Authors: Cao Jian , Wang Huan , Liu Guangquan , Tang Ranran , Ding Ye , Xu Pengfei , Wang Huayu , Miao Juan , Gu Xiaoyan , Han Suping
Published: December 2020

LBX2‐AS1 is a long non‐coding RNA that facilitates the development of gastrointestinal cancers and lung cancer, but its participation in ovarian cancer development remained uninvestigated. Clinical data retrieved from TCGA ovarian cancer database and the clinography of 60 ovarian cancer patients who received anti‐cancer treatment in our facility were analysed. The overall cell growth, colony formation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and tumour formation on nude mice of ovarian cancer cells were evaluated before and after lentiviral‐based LBX2‐AS1 knockdown. ENCORI platform was used to explore LBX2‐AS1‐interacting microRNAs and target genes of the candidate microRNAs. Luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pulldown assay were used to verify the putative miRNA‐RNA interactions. Ovarian cancer tissue specimens showed significant higher LBX2‐AS1 expression levels that non‐cancerous counterparts. High expression level of LBX2‐AS1 was significantly associated with reduced overall survival of patients. LBX2‐AS1 knockdown significantly down‐regulated the cell growth, colony formation, migration, invasion and tumour formation capacity of ovarian cancer cells and increased their apoptosis in vitro. LBX2‐AS1 interacts with and thus inhibits the function of miR‐455‐5p and miR‐491‐5p, both of which restrained the expression of E2F2 gene in ovarian cancer cells via mRNA targeting. Transfection of miRNA inhibitors of these two miRNAs or forced expression of E2F2 counteracted the effect of LBX2‐AS1 knockdown on ovarian cancer cells. LBX2‐AS1 was a novel cancer‐promoting lncRNA in ovarian cancer. This lncRNA increased the cell growth, survival, migration, invasion and tumour formation of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting miR‐455‐5p and miR‐491‐5p, thus liberating the expression of E2F2 cancer‐promoting gene.
Use of Shared Decision‐Making in Response to Maternal Request for Elective Cesarean Birth
Authors: Scaffidi, Rose M. , Padden‐Denmead, Mary L.
Published: December 2020

The request for a cesarean birth by a woman who does not have a medical or obstetric indication for the surgical procedure presents an ethical dilemma. Although this request may seem to be a rational option for the pregnant woman, clinicians may not be comfortable with this option when they believe the best choice for a woman is to attempt a vaginal birth. The contradiction for the clinician relates to the commitment to provide evidence‐based care which conflicts with evidence that surgical birth without a medical indication may be associated with adverse outcomes. The commitment to support patient autonomy adds to this dilemma. Use of a shared decision‐making process can help clinicians support women to be autonomous in their thinking and exhibit self‐confidence and self‐direction when considering options around their birth.
Single‐center, prospective comparison of calcium hydroxylapatite and Vycross‐20L in midface rejuvenation: Efficacy and patient‐perceived value
Authors: Durkin Alan , Lackey Alexandra , Tranchilla Alyssa , Poling Maxwell , Glassman Gabriella , Woltjen Nick
Published: December 2020

Background

Numerous fillers can be used for midface revolumization. While rheological data, physiochemical properties, and durability measured in clinical studies can inform selection, direct comparisons between equal volumes of different fillers are lacking.

Aims

To compare aesthetic improvement achieved with 3 cc of either calcium hydroxyapatite with integral lidocaine CaHA(+) or VYC‐20L in the midface.

Patients/Methods

In this prospective, single‐center study, 17 patients with midface volume loss received 3 cc of either CaHA(+) or VYC‐20L. Outcomes at post‐treatment days 1, 7, 30, 90, 180, and 365 were measured by Subject and blinded Physician using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (SGAIS and PGAIS). Cost per point improvement on SGAIS over time was determined.

Results

Outcomes were globally positive, with a large majority of subjects at least improved at all time points. A higher proportion of subjects were at least “very improved” in the CaHA(+) treatment group at each time point, a difference that reached significance at day 90 (100% vs 50%, P = .02), day 180 (89% vs 37.5%, P = .03), and day 360 (89% vs 37.5%, P = .03). For both SGAIS and PGAIS, only subjects within the VYC‐20L cohort had “unaltered” appearance within 1 year. At 1 year, the average cost per point of SGAIS improvement for VYC‐20 was approximately twice that of CaHA‐20L.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that CaHA(+) supports better, more durable outcomes than an equal volume of VYC‐20L in the midface, providing a higher value to the patient.
Identification of IgG1 isotype phosphorylcholine antibodies for the treatment of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases
Authors: de Vries M. R. , Ewing M. M. , de Jong R. C. M. , MacArthur M. R. , Karper J. C. , Peters E. A. B. , Nordzell M. , Karabina S. A. P. , Sexton D. , Dahlbom I. , Bergman A. , Mitchell J. R. , Frostegård J. , Kuiper J. , Ninio E. , Jukema J. W. , Pettersson K. , Quax P. H. A.
Published: December 2020

Background

Phosphorylcholine (PC) is an important pro‐inflammatory damage‐associated molecular pattern. Previous data have shown that natural IgM anti‐PC protects against cardiovascular disease. We aimed to develop a monoclonal PC IgG antibody with anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherosclerotic properties.

Methods

Using various techniques PC antibodies were validated and optimized. In vivo testing was performed in a femoral artery cuff model in ApoE3*Leiden mice. Safety studies are performed in rats and cynomolgus monkeys.

Results

A chimeric anti‐PC (PC‐mAb(T15), consisting of a human IgG1 Fc and a mouse T15/E06 Fab) was produced, and this was shown to bind specifically to epitopes in human atherosclerotic tissues. The cuff model results in rapid induction of inflammatory genes and altered expression of genes associated with ER stress and choline metabolism in the lesions. Treatment with PC‐mAb(T15) reduced accelerated atherosclerosis via reduced expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and CCL2 production. Recombinant anti‐PC Fab fragments were identified by phage display and cloned into fully human IgG1 backbones creating a human monoclonal IgG1 anti‐PC (PC‐mAbs) that specifically bind PC, apoptotic cells and oxLDL. Based on preventing macrophage oxLDL uptake and CCL2 production, four monoclonal PC‐mAbs were selected, which to various extent reduced vascular inflammation and lesion development. Additional optimization and validation of two PC‐mAb antibodies resulted in selection of PC‐mAb X19‐A05, which inhibited accelerated atherosclerosis. Clinical grade production of this antibody (ATH3G10) significantly attenuated vascular inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis and was tolerated in safety studies in rats and cynomolgus monkeys.

Conclusions

Chimeric anti‐PCs can prevent accelerated atherosclerosis by inhibiting vascular inflammation directly and through reduced macrophage oxLDL uptake resulting in decreased lesions. PC‐mAb represents a novel strategy for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Effect of Consecutive Firings on the Optical and Mechanical Properties of Silicate and Lithium Disilicate Based Glass‐Ceramics
Authors: Campanelli de Morais Dayana , de Oliveira Abu‐izze Fernanda , Rivoli Rossi Natália , Gallo Oliani Marcelo , de Assunção e Souza Rodrigo Othávio , de Siqueira Anzolini Saavedra Guilherme , Bottino Marco Antonio , Marques de Melo Marinho Renata
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of multiple firings on the optical and mechanical properties of two dental CAD/CAM glass‐ceramics.

Materials and Methods

A total of 45 specimens of each lithium disilicate‐LD (IPS E.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) and zirconia lithium silicate‐ZLS (Vita Suprinity, Vita Zahnfabrik) material were prepared in a disk shape. These specimens were divided into three groups according to two factors: “type of ceramic” (LD and ZLS) and “numbers of firings” (Control 2F‐two firings, 5F‐five firings and 7F‐seven firings). The firing cycles were performed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. X‐ray diffraction was additionally performed to determine crystalline phases in each group, spectrophotometry was used to determine color and translucency variation, and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) evaluated the mechanical behavior. The data were analyzed individually using two‐way ANOVA tests and Tukey's test at α = 0.05.

Results

The crystalline phases did not present any change after multiple firings for either of the analyzed materials. Both commercial materials showed a significant difference regarding translucency at 7F (p = <0.01), and ZLS presented a difference in color higher than one (ΔE > 1) at 5F and 7F. Regardless of the number of firings, LD presented a higher BFS compared to ZLS (p = <0.001), and a significant increase in BFS comparing 2F and 7F (p = <0.024).

Conclusion

The use of multiple firings can significantly alter the color, translucency, and mechanical strength of CAD/CAM ceramics.
Effortful control is associated with executive attention: A computational study
Authors: Ossola Paolo , Antonucci Camilla , Meehan Kevin B. , Cain Nicole M. , Ferrari Martina , Soliani Antonio , Marchesi Carlo , Clarkin John F. , Sambataro Fabio , De Panfilis Chiara
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Effortful control (EC) is the self‐regulatory aspect of temperament that is thought to reflect the efficiency of executive attention (EA). Findings on relationship between EC and performance on EA tasks among adults are still contradictory. This study used a computational approach to clarify whether greater self‐reported EC reflects better EA.

Methods

Four hundred twenty‐seven healthy subjects completed the Adult Temperament Questionnaires and the Attention Network Task‐revised, a conflict resolution task that gauges EA as the flanker effect (FE), that is, the difference in performances between incongruent and congruent trials. Here we also employed a drift‐diffusion model in which parameters reflecting the actual decisional process (drift rate) and the extra‐decisional time are extracted for congruent and incongruent trials.

Results

EC was not correlated with the FE computed with the classic approach, but correlated positively with drift rate for the incongruent trials, even when controlling for the drift rate in the congruent condition and the extra‐decisional time in the incongruent condition.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates an association between self‐reported EC and EA among adults. Specifically, EC is not associated with overall response facilitation but specifically with a greater ability to make goal‐oriented decisions when facing conflicting information.
The revealing effect of power: Popularity moderates the associations of personal values with aggression in adolescence
Authors: Rubel‐Lifschitz Tammy , Benish‐Weisman Maya , Torres Claudio V. , McDonald Kristina
Published: December 2020

Objective

Values have been found to predict aggressive behavior in adolescents. Adolescents who endorse self‐enhancement values typically exhibit more aggressive behaviors, while adolescents who endorse self‐transcendent values are less likely to behave aggressively. The associations between values and aggression are low to moderate, suggesting that other factors might moderate them. The study examined whether these associations were moderated by adolescent popularity, an indication of social power.

Method

The study included 906 adolescents from three cultures: Brazilians (N = 244), Jewish citizens of Israel (N = 250), and Arabic citizens of Israel (N = 409). Personal values were assessed using the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ). Peer nominations were used to assess direct aggression and popularity.

Results

Popularity moderated the associations between values and aggression: while the aggressive behavior of popular adolescents was highly associated with their personal values, the behavior of unpopular adolescents was unrelated to their values. This effect consistently emerged across samples, with specific variations for gender and culture.

Conclusion

Popularity enables adolescents to act according to their personal values: aggressive behaviors increase or decrease according to personal value priorities. The strength of this effect depends on cultural expectations and gender roles.
Content of, sources of, and responses to sexual stereotypes of Black and Latinx women and men in the United States: A qualitative intersectional exploration
Authors: Rosenthal Lisa , Overstreet Nicole M. , Khukhlovich Adi , Brown Brandon E. , Godfrey Christopher‐John , Albritton Tashuna
Published: December 2020

Interdisciplinary intersectionality scholars have highlighted that stereotypes are a central basis for intersectional oppression, and psychologists are increasingly incorporating intersectional theory into stereotypes research. In striving to embrace intersectionality's radical core by applying several of its guiding premises, we explored the perspectives of young Black and Latinx individuals in New York City on sexual stereotypes of Black and Latinx women and men. We conducted 11 focus groups with 75 participants. Using a combined deductive and inductive approach to thematic analysis, we found that many subthemes reflected participants identifying content of, sources of, and responses to sexual stereotypes that were consistent with and supported by an intersectional analysis and approach. These subthemes highlighted sexual stereotypes’ roots in long‐standing interlocking systems of power and oppression and societal institutions, that stereotypes/oppression can also become internalized within individuals and communities, as well as the power and strength of participants and their communities in coping with and resisting sexual stereotypes and oppression. Findings suggest specific ways psychologists can incorporate intersectional inquiry and praxis to address sexual stereotypes as a critical social issue, in collaboration with oppressed communities and social movements struggling for justice and liberation.
RESERVOIR PROPERTIES OF BARREMIAN–APTIAN URGONIAN LIMESTONES, SE FRANCE, PART 2: INFLUENCE OF DIAGENESIS AND FRACTURING
Authors: Cochard J. , Léonide P. , Borgomano J. , Guglielmi Y. , Massonnat G. , Rolando J‐P. , Marie L. , Pasquier A.
Published: December 2020

Integrated sedimentological, diagenetic and structural analyses have been carried out on microporous and tight Urgonian (Barremian – Aptian) limestones in a study area in SE France in order to understand the influence of diagenetic changes and structural deformation on the spatial distribution of reservoir properties. A diagenetic history for the carbonates was established and was divided into phases which correspond to episodes of regional geodynamic activity. Petrographic (optical, SEM and cathodoluminescence microscopy), structural and geochemical (δ18O, δ13C) studies were carried out to characterize the cement phases in the carbonates, especially micrite and blocky calcite, and to investigate their relationship with episodes of fracturing.

Eleven calcite cement phases and four micritic cement phases were identified in relation to the two main phases of structural deformation which affected the Urgonian limestones. A first phase of micrite cementation occurred early in the diagenetic history and was linked to early marine cementation at the tops and bases of depositional cycles during the Barremian. A major phase of micrite recrystallization, which generated microporosity in carbonates that had previously been preserved from early cementation, was followed by a first phase of blocky calcite which occluded intergranular pore spaces. The blocky cement formed in a shallow burial meteoric environment and contributed to the preservation of microporosity during late Durancian tectonism (Albian – Cenomanian). A second phase of blocky calcite is associated with fracture activation during latest Eocene (Priabonian) – Oligo‐Miocene extension.

Reservoir rock‐types (RRTs) proposed in a previous study were consistent with the diagenetic characteristics and the results of δ13C / δ18O analyses. Microporous RRTs formed as a result of early to late shallow burial processes and display low δ13C values; whereas cemented RRTs developed both due to early marine cementation (with high δ13C values) and/or as a result of cementation related to fluid flow linked to the reactivation of faults and fractures. This suggests that some late diagenetic and microstructural processes were pre‐determined by early diagenetic changes in the carbonates. The resulting stratigraphic architecture consists of a vertical stacking of weakly fractured microporous limestone intervals alternating with highly fractured, cemented limestone units.
Lessons learned from humanitarian logistics to manage supply chain disruptions
Authors: Kovács Gyöngyi , Falagara Sigala Ioanna
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak affects not just populations but also global and local economies and supply chains. The outbreak itself has impacted on production lines and manufacturing capacities. In response to the outbreak, policies have been put in place that blocks the movement of people and materials, causing supply chain disruptions. Mainstream supply chain management has been at a loss in responding to these disruptions, mostly due to a dominant focus on minimizing costs for stable operations, while following lean, just‐in‐time, and zero‐inventory approaches. On the other hand, pandemic response supply chains, and their related supply chain disruptions, share many characteristics with disaster response and thereby with humanitarian supply chains. Much can thus be learned from humanitarian supply chains for managing pandemic‐related supply chain disruptions. What is more, facing, and managing, supply chain disruptions can be considered the new norm also in light of other disruptive forces such as climate change, or financial or political crises. This article therefore presents lessons learned from humanitarian supply chains that help mitigate and overcome supply chain disruptions. These lessons not only relate to preparedness and mobilization, but also relate to standardization, innovation, and collaboration. Together, they brace organizations, supply chains, and societies, to manage current and future disruptions.
A case series analysis of serious exacerbations of viral hepatitis and non‐viral hepatic injuries in tocilizumab‐treated patients
Authors: Biehl Ann , Harinstein Lisa , Brinker Allen , Glaser Rachel , Muñoz Monica , Avigan Mark
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims

Reports of moderate to severe liver injury associated with tocilizumab, an interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) receptor antagonist, have been reported in the post‐marketing setting. This case series aims to characterize cases of tocilizumab‐associated clinically significant hepatic injury.

Methods

We analysed cases of severe acute liver injury associated with tocilizumab reported in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and the medical literature.

Results

We identified 12 cases in which tocilizumab was a suspected primary cause of liver injury and eight cases in which serious sequelae of underlying or coincident viral hepatitis were temporally associated with its use. Using the Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) severity scale, five of 12 cases were Grade 5 (two liver transplants, three deaths), one was Grade 4 (liver failure) and six were Grade 3 (serious events with elevated bilirubin). Two cases reported liver atrophy with low hepatocellular expression of Ki‐67, a marker of cellular proliferation. Among the eight cases of tocilizumab‐associated viral hepatitis exacerbation, three were scored as DILIN severity Grade 5 (one liver transplant, two deaths), one was Grade 4 (liver failure), and four were Grade 3. The reported viral hepatitis events were hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation (n = 3), hepatitis C virus (HCV) flare (n = 1), cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐induced liver failure (n = 1), Epstein‐Barr virus hepatitis (n = 1), acute hepatitis E (HEV, n = 1) and HEV‐induced macrophage activation syndrome (n = 1).

Conclusion

Tocilizumab may be a primary cause of severe liver injury, as well as exacerbate underlying viral hepatitis. The disruption by tocilizumab of IL‐6‐mediated immune protection and hepatocyte regeneration may aggravate clinical outcomes in some cases.
Steeper spatial scaling patterns of subsoil microbiota are shaped by deterministic assembly process
Authors: Du Xiongfeng , Deng Ye , Li Shuzhen , Escalas Arthur , Feng Kai , He Qing , Wang Zhujun , Wu Yueni , Wang Danrui , Peng Xi , Wang Shang
Published: December 2020

Although many studies have investigated the spatial scaling of microbial communities living in surface soils, very little is known about the patterns within deeper strata, nor is the mechanism behind them. Here, we systematically assessed spatial scaling of prokaryotic biodiversity within three different strata (Upper: 0–20 cm, Middle: 20–40 cm, and Substratum: 40–100 cm) in a typical grassland by examining both distance–decay (DDRs) and species–area relationships (SARs), taxonomically and phylogenetically, as well as community assembly processes. Each layer exhibited significant biogeographic patterns in both DDR and SAR (p < .05), with taxonomic turnover rates higher than phylogenetic ones. Specifically, the spatial turnover rates, β and z values, respectively, ranged from 0.016 ± 0.005 to 0.023 ± 0.005 and 0.065 ± 0.002 to 0.077 ± 0.004 across soil strata, and both increased with depth. Moreover, the prokaryotic community in grassland soils assembled mainly according to deterministic rather than stochastic mechanisms. By using normalized stochasticity ratio (NST) based on null model, the relative importance of deterministic ratios increased from 48.0 to 63.3% from Upper to Substratum, meanwhile a phylogenetic based method revealed average βNTI also increased with depth, from −5.29 to 19.5. Using variation partitioning and distance approaches, both geographic distance and soil properties were found to strongly affect biodiversity structure, the proportions increasing with depth, but spatial distance was always the main underlying factor. These indicated increasingly deterministic proportions in accelerating turnover rates for spatial assembly of prokaryotic biodiversity. Our study provided new insights on biogeography in different strata, revealing importance of assembly patterns and mechanisms of prokaryote communities in below‐surface soils.
Summer seasonal prevalence of Culicoides species from pre‐alpine areas in Switzerland
Authors: Paslaru A. I. , Torgerson P. R. , Veronesi E.
Published: December 2020

Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are arthropods of veterinary importance since they can transmit pathogens and cause severe allergic dermatitis in horses. Very little is known about the species at higher altitudes and their seasonal dynamics. In this work, adult Culicoides were collected with Onderstepoort UV‐light suction traps (OVI) from June to September 2016 at two areas situated at around 1600 m asl (pre‐alpine area I, 2 farms) and 2030 m asl (pre‐alpine area II, 1 farm) in the Canton of Grisons (south‐east Switzerland). Overall, 17 049 Culicoides were collected, including 871 parous females. A total of 50 individuals/trap/night (n = 1050) were identified to species (17 species) by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) or by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The remaining 15 128 Culicoides were classified to species groups' level. Culicoides obsoletus (Meigen, 1818), a multivoltine species, was mainly present at 1600 m asl, whereas at high altitudes (2030 m asl), C. grisescens Edwards, 1939 I&II were the most abundant species. In particular, C. grisescens II, which seems to be univoltine, occurred later in the season but significantly increasing over time. Species diversity was higher at pre‐alpine I area (n = 16 species) compared to pre‐alpine II (n = 10 species).
On how trap positioning affects phlebotomine sand fly density estimations
Authors: Muñoz C. , Pérez‐Cutillas P. , Berriatua E. , Ortiz J.
Published: December 2020

There is a need for standardizing sand fly sampling methodology and guidance on trap positioning for quantitative sand fly studies. We investigated differences in sand fly density with ‘sticky’ interception and CO2‐light attraction traps, in relation to trap distance to the ground and the presence or absence of a continuous or discontinuous (wire mesh) vertical surface adjacent to the trap. The study, conducted in a dog kennel in southeast Spain, lasted 48 days and collected 692 Phlebotomus papatasi, P. perniciosus, P. ariasi and Sergentomyia minuta specimens. There were no significant differences between species with respect to trap position. Overall, density in sticky traps was highest closest to the ground and next to the continuous vertical surface, followed sequentially by traps similarly placed adjacent to the wire mesh and those hanging from a rope across the kennel yard. In contrast, density in CO2‐light traps was highest in traps hanging from the rope near the ground, followed by those next to the continuous vertical surface. The overall negative relationship between sand fly density and ground distance was not significant for CO2‐light traps next to the continuous vertical surface. Modelling also suggested that sand flies do not use the wire mesh to move vertically.
Disciplinary Potential and Individual Choice: Reflections from Participatory Research on Oaxacan Intercultural Education
Authors: Lebrato Matthew
Published: December 2020

This article reflects on the current status of participatory research in anthropology. I draw on my work at the Instituto Superior Intercultural Ayuuk (Ayuuk Intercultural University) in Oaxaca, Mexico to sketch some of potentials and pitfalls for participatory research during the preliminary, data‐collection, and postfield phases. My argument is that while anthropologists as individuals tend to find ways to connect meaningfully with collaborators in the field, the discipline does little to train, foster, or evaluate participatory research as a core element. Assigning participatory research to the status of a personal choice rather than a disciplinary hallmark saps anthropology's potential for meaningful engagement with a host of publics, not the least of which are the communities, groups, and networks of individuals with whom we conduct research. [decolonization, intercultural education, Latin America, participatory research, training and methods]
Maternal effects shape the seed mycobiome in Quercus petraea
Authors: Fort Tania , Pauvert Charlie , Zanne Amy E. , Ovaskainen Otso , Caignard Thomas , Barret Matthieu , Compant Stéphane , Hampe Arndt , Delzon Sylvain , Vacher Corinne
Published: December 2020

The tree seed mycobiome has received little attention despite its potential role in forest regeneration and health. The aim of the present study was to analyze the processes shaping the composition of seed fungal communities in natural forests as seeds transition from the mother plant to the ground for establishment.

We used metabarcoding approaches and confocal microscopy to analyze the fungal communities of seeds collected in the canopy and on the ground in four natural populations of sessile oak (Quercus petraea). Ecological processes shaping the seed mycobiome were inferred using joint species distribution models.

Fungi were present in seed internal tissues, including the embryo. The seed mycobiome differed among oak populations and trees within the same population. Its composition was largely influenced by the mother, with weak significant environmental influences. The models also revealed several probable interactions among fungal pathogens and mycoparasites.

Our results demonstrate that maternal effects, environmental filtering and biotic interactions all shape the seed mycobiome of sessile oak. They provide a starting point for future research aimed at understanding how maternal genes and environments interact to control the vertical transmission of fungal species that could then influence seed dispersal and germination, and seedling recruitment.
Orofacial clefts in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A scoping review of quality and quantity of research based on literature between 2010‐2019
Authors: Sarilita Erli , Setiawan Asty S. , Mossey Peter A.
Published: December 2020

Structured Abstract

This paper assesses the research literature on OFC in LMIC over the last decade across various geographical settings and project focus of the indexed literature. A scoping review of the indexed literature was performed using a set of predefined keywords. The articles were filtered by a ten‐year time frame (2010‐2019) and a strict inclusive‐exclusive criterion. Two authors screened the titles/abstracts/full text of the final included papers and input the desired data (year of publication, type of publication, geographical country/region and project focus to a coded spreadsheet). Six hundred and twenty publications were inventoried from the indexed literature on OFC in LMIC settings over the 10‐year period. Five hundred and eighty‐three derived from single LMIC countries and 37 from multi‐settings. More than half of the articles were reported from Asia (57%), then from Americas (22.8%), Africa (15.4%) and the rest from cross‐regional, Europe and Oceania (4.9%). The top 3 LMIC contributors towards OFC publications were China (21.5%), Brazil (13.1%) and India (11.6%). The most discussed OFC project themes were prevalence, surgical repair, aetiology and genetics. This study helps OFC researchers, humanitarian missions and research grant funders to identify gaps in the literature on issues impacting on children and adults born with OFC, in which issues were subjected to research and which were less explored in which LMIC regions. In addition, this study offers recommendations for established OFC researchers and international research bodies to identify areas of deficiency in the literature and what information is required to support LMIC governments achieve SDGs by 2030.
Oral or Topical Pain Therapy—How Would Patients Decide? A Discrete Choice Experiment in Patients with Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Schubert Tino , Kern Kai‐Uwe , Schneider Sabine , Baron Ralf
Published: December 2020

To ensure an adequate pain therapy with high patient adherence, it is necessary to know and consider patient preferences. A discrete choice experiment was used to obtain patients’ preferences regarding treatment with systemic or topical pain medication. Patients with peripheral neuropathic pain (pNP) were recruited in two pain‐focused practices in Germany. To identify relevant attributes of topical or systemic pain medication, a literature review and face‐to‐face interviews with experts for pain treatment were conducted. The attributes used in the choice scenarios were noticeable onset of effect, time spent in medical office, risk of systemic and local side effects, and impairment of daily life with regard to sleep quality and sexuality. The model was estimated with a mixed multinomial logit regression model. The study included 153 participants suffering from moderate to severe pNP. Most important attributes from patient’s perspective was noticeable onset of effect (odds ratio 2.141 [95% confidence interval 1.837 to 2.494]), followed by risk of systemic side effects (2.038 [1.731 to 2.400]) and risk of sexual dysfunction (1.839 [1.580 to 2.140]), while risk of local side effects regarding skin ranked fourth (1.612 [1.321 to 1.966]). The impairment of sleep quality was also significant but less important (1.556 [1.346 to 1.798]). Local side effects were more likely to be accepted than systemic side effects. The risk of sexual dysfunction as a side effect of treatment is very important for patients, although it has received little attention in the literature.
Propranolol's effects on the sleep of infants with hemangiomas: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Frost Stephanie , Saddi Vishal , Teng Arthur , Mallitt Kylie‐ann , Adams Susan , Williamson Bruce , Wargon Orli
Published: December 2020

Objective

To assess propranolol's impact on sleep when used in infants and toddlers with infantile hemangioma (80% under 6 months old).

Methods

Parents and caregivers of infants and toddlers with infantile hemangioma presenting to a tertiary pediatric hospital's dermatology clinic and assessed by their dermatologist as requiring propranolol treatment were invited to participate. All participants completed an extended version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) prior to propranolol treatment initiation, which acted as the control, and 5 weeks after treatment commencement. Objective data were gathered through actigraphy, which utilizes a small wristwatch‐like device that measures sleep‐wake patterns, for 1 week prior to initiation and again 5 weeks after commencement. BISQ responses and actigraphy values from the two time points were compared.

Results

55 infants and toddlers (aged 0‐2.8 years, 80% under 6 months) were included. Sleep was reported as only a minor problem by most parents 5 weeks after starting propranolol (P = .049). Subgroup analysis of 45 infants <6 months old showed no significant difference in sleep while taking propranolol. Whole cohort BISQ data analysis showed a statistically significant increase in night‐time sleep (P = .024), and a decrease in the number (P = .003) and duration of daytime naps (P = .025) following commencement of propranolol. Actigraphy data completed in 10 infants showed no significant difference in sleep quality before and 5 weeks after commencing propranolol.

Conclusion

Propranolol did not significantly impair sleep quality and pattern in our cohort of infants and toddlers with infantile hemangioma. Most parents considered the impact on sleep to be only a minor problem.
Survivors of allogeneic bone marrow transplants in childhood report no significant long‐term respiratory symptoms: A single‐center analysis over 20 years
Authors: Ball Jessica , Growcott Siona , Cameron Alison
Published: December 2020

Pulmonary toxicity is documented in long‐term survivors of allogeneic BMT. No studies have specifically evaluated late pulmonary symptomatology in these patients. 85 long‐term pediatric survivors were sent a validated questionnaire of pulmonary symptomatology. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected from the respondents medical records. Response rate was 52.9%. Mean follow‐up post‐BMT of those who responded was 12.3 years. Mean pulmonary symptom scores were low (0.78). There was no significant difference in symptoms between patients who underwent MA conditioning with or without TBI. These results are reassuring that long‐term survivors of pediatric BMT have few respiratory symptoms which do not impact on activities of daily living.
Cultivating Justice beyond Law
Authors: Bocarejo Diana
Published: December 2020

Thinking about justice beyond law involves understanding justice as a process thatcampesinos(peasants) in Colombia link to aspirations for a good life. I argue that environmental justice draws on distinctive temporalities and spatial scales. By temporality, I refer to how campesinos think about justice as a process to overcome their long history of community injustice, not as a reversal of a single event or action. I also refer to campesinos’ everyday life, through which they define the territorial management underlying their enduring social inequality. Justice does not entail fixed spatial scales but rather the interplay between forms of state and local spatial orderings that may clash or coexist. These spatial‐temporal dimensions have crucial consequences for addressing environmental justice, such as redress beyond individual compensation; thinking about scale beyond legal frameworks of jurisdiction; reflecting on the unequal distribution of responsibilities for environmental changes; and addressing notions of response‐ability—that is, the capacity of campesinos to respond, not only to react, with both patience and urgency to socio‐environmental harms.
Asymmetric expression patterns of B‐ and C‐class MADS‐box genes correspond to the asymmetrically specified androecial identities of Canna indica
Authors: Tian X. , Li X. , Yu Q. , Zhao H. , Liao J.
Published: December 2020

Canna indica is a common ornamental plant with asymmetric flowers having colourful petaloid staminodes. The only fertile stamen comprises a one‐theca anther and a petaloid appendage and represents the lowest stamen number in the order Zingiberales. The molecular mechanism for the asymmetric androecial petaloidy remains poorly understood. Here, we studied the identity specification in Canna stamen.

We observed four types of abnormal flower in terms of androecium identity transformation and analysed the corresponding floral symmetry changes. We further tested the expression patterns of B‐ and C‐class MADS‐box genes using in situ hybridization in normal Canna stamen.

Homeotic conversions in the androecium were accompanied by floral symmetry changes, and the asymmetric stamen is key in contributing to the floral asymmetry. Both B‐ and C‐class genes exhibited higher expression levels in the anther primordium than in other androecial parts. This asymmetric expression pattern precisely corresponded to the asymmetric identities of the Canna androecium.

We identified C. indica as a model species for studying androecial organ identity and floral symmetry synthetically in Zingiberales. We hypothesized that homeotic genes specify floral organ identity in a putative dose‐dependent manner. The results add to the current understanding of organ identity‐related floral symmetry.
The cross‐kingdom roles of mineral nutrient transporters in plant‐microbe relations
Authors: Sun Yuming , Wang Min , Mur Luis Alejandro Jose , Shen Qirong , Guo Shiwei
Published: December 2020

The regulation of plant physiology by plant mineral nutrient transporter (MNT) is well understood. Recently, the extensive characterization of beneficial and pathogenic plant‐microbe interactions has defined the roles for MNTs in such relationships. In this review, we summarize the roles of diverse nutrient transporters in the symbiotic or pathogenic relationships between plants and microorganisms. In doing so, we highlight how MNTs of plants and microbes can act in a coordinated manner. In symbiotic relationships, MNTs play key roles in the establishment of the interaction between the host plant and rhizobium or mycorrhizae as well in the subsequent coordinated transport of nutrients. Additionally, MNTs may also regulate the colonization or degeneration of symbiotic microorganisms by reflecting the nutrient status of the plant and soil. This allows the host plant obtain nutrients from the soil in the most optimal manner. With pathogenic‐interactions, MNTs influence pathogen proliferation, the efficacy of the host's biochemical defense and related signal transduction mechanisms. We classify the MNT effects in plant‐pathogen interactions as either indirect by influencing the nutrient status and fitness of the pathogen, or direct by initiating host defense mechanisms. While such observations indicate the fundamental importance of MNTs in governing the interactions with a range of microorganisms, further work is needed to develop an integrative understanding of their functions.
Relative transcript abundance in porcine cumulus cells collected from different sized follicles
Authors: Moros‐Nicolás Carla , Izquierdo‐Rico Mª José , Li Yang , González‐Brusi Leopoldo , Romar Raquel , Funahashi Hiroaki
Published: December 2020

Crosstalk between the oocyte and surrounding cumulus cells (CCs) is essential for the production of competent oocytes. Previous studies have analysed the relative transcript abundance in oocytes derived from small (SF: <3 mm diameter)‐ and medium‐sized (MF: 3–6 mm diameter) follicles to determine the potential use of SF‐derived oocytes in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The aim of this study was to examine the relative transcript abundance of CCs obtained from cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) derived from SF and MF. Nine genes were selected according to their importance for developmental competence: AT‐rich interaction domain 1B (ARID1B), bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2), CD44, follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), follistatin (FST), inhibin beta‐A (INHBA), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 6 (NR2F6) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). The expression of these genes was analysed by RT‐qPCR. The results pointed to significant differences in five genes, and the relative transcript abundance of SF‐derived CCs was lower in the case of INHBA, but higher in FSHR, FST, LHR and NR2F6 compared with MF‐derived CCs. We provide information of gene activity in the porcine CCs from different sized follicles, thus improving our understanding of oocyte biology and providing new markers that identify viable and competent oocytes.
Choosing the most appropriate PROM for clinical studies in sports medicine
Authors: Comins Jonathan D. , Brodersen John , Siersma Volkert , Jensen Jonas , Hansen Christian Fugl , Krogsgaard Michael R.
Published: December 2020

Choosing the most appropriate patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) for a clinical study is essential in order to achieve trustworthy results. This choice will depend on (a) the objective of the study and hence the research question; (b) the choice of a theoretical framework, such as the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF); (c) whether there currently is a PROM that possesses high content validity and high construct validity for the specific patient group and objective, and if not; (d) the decision on whether to use a suboptimal PROM or develop and validate a new PROM. This paper presents the steps that should be followed in order to assess the relevance of PROMs and suggests ways to enhance the choice depending on the goal of the study.
Palaeozoic and Pliocene tectonic evolution of the Salt Range constrained by low‐temperature thermochronology
Authors: Ghani Humaad , Sobel Edward R. , Zeilinger Gerold , Glodny Johannes , Zapata Sebastian , Irum Irum
Published: December 2020

The Salt Range in Pakistan exposes Precambrian to Pleistocene strata outcropping along the Salt Range Thrust (SRT). To better understand the in‐situ Cambrian and Pliocene tectonic evolution of the Pakistan Subhimalaya, we have conducted low‐temperature thermochronological analysis using apatite (U‐Th‐Sm)/He and fission track dating. We combine cooling ages from different samples located along the thrust front of the SRT into a thermal model that shows two major cooling events associated with rifting and regional erosion in the Late Palaeozoic and SRT activity since the Pliocene. Our results suggest that the SRT maintained a long‐term average shortening rate of ~5–6 mm/yr and a high exhumation rate above the SRT ramp since ~4 Ma.
Controller Driven VRML Animation of the NIST Robotic Welding Cell
Authors: Stouffer Keith
Published: December 2020

Virtual objects in a web-based environment can be interfaced to and controlled by external real world controllers. A Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) welding cell was created that models a robotic arc welding cell (the Automated Welding Manufacturing System project,) located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The VRML welding cell contains a model of a 7 degree-of-freedom robot, a welding table, torch and various fixtures and parts. The VRML robot is interfaced to, and can be controlled by, the real world robot controller. This is accomplished by a socket connection between the collaborator’s web browser and the real world controller. The current joint angles of the robot, which are stored in a world model buffer in the controller, are collected by a Java applet running on the web page. The applet updates the VRML model of the robot via the External Authoring Interface (EAI) of the VRML plug-in. Virtual welds, a series of VRML cylinders, are also dynamically created every 100 ms on the part based on the current robot position and colored according to the calculated weld quality of that section of weld obtained from the real world controller. This allows a collaborator to visually determine where a bad section of weld has occurred without being present in the physical welding lab.
PC Based Data Acquisition, and Analysis of Fluid Flow Over a Poppet Valve
Authors: Aflaki Jamshid
Published: December 2020

The flow of liquid fuel (hydrogen) and the oxidizing agent in a rocket engine are controlled by valves that are called main feed valves. The most often used type of feed valve is the so-called in-line poppet valve. The pressure drop across the feed valve must be kept as low as possible to avoid cavitation, which may cause interruption of the proper amount of fuel flow. In addition, a controllable motion of the valve poppet during opening/closing of the valve is required to prevent the possibility of a water hammer.

This paper provides an experimental fluid dynamic investigation of a commercial in-line poppet valve. Pressure losses across the valve and drag forces experienced by the valve poppet were measured using approximately 1/2 scale model. The water was used as the flowing medium.

To find a valve design with minimum pressure loss, new valve models were designed and tested. The results of this research can be summarized as follows.

An optimal choice of valve housing contours and valve poppet shapes could decrease the pressure loss coefficient by more than 50%. (typically from ξ = 0.82 to ξ = 0.37). The pressure loss coefficient is strongly dependent on the Reynolds number up to Reynolds numbers of approximately less than 2.5 × 105. The flow force experienced by the valve poppet increases exponentially during closing of the valve.