bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Single Dose of Loratadine on Flying Ability under Conditions of Simulated Cabin Pressure
Authors: Valk Pierre J. , Simons Ries M. , Struyvenberg Paul A. , Kruit Hans , van Berge Henegouwen Marianne T.
Published: August 2007

Pilots with allergic diseases, who need antihistaminic drug therapy, have to be grounded temporarily because this therapy is considered to interfere with flight safety due to its sedative effects. There is evidence that loratadine is practically void of these sedative effects, and therefore might be prescribed to pilots. A study was conducted to determine the effects of loratadine on performance and alertness. In a randomized, double-blind, within subjects design, 18 male subjects were studied, employing loratadine 10 mg, triprolidine hydrochloride 5 mg, and placebo. Objective (vigilance, complex tasks) and subjective tests, tailored to the specific tasks of aircrew, were applied under hypobaric conditions that prevail in an intact cockpit. With respect to alertness and performance, the results of this study showed no significant differences between loratadine and placebo during a period of 1 to 6 hours after drug ingestion. Triprolidine, used as a positive control, showed significant detrimental effects on both subjective and objective measures. It is anticipated that a single dose of loratadine 10 mg will not affect flying performance. This finding might also have implications for the treatment of allergic disorders of personnel involved in other highly skilled jobs.
Evaluation of Nasal Passage Patency after Antigen and Histamine Challenge in Guinea Pigs by Acoustic Rhinometry
Authors: Nakamoto Setsuo , Sakakura Yasuo , Pedersen Ole F. , Ukai Kotaro
Published: August 2007

We investigated the effects of antigen and histamine on the nasal passage patency in guinea pigs with or without nasal allergy. The change of nasal patency was measured by acoustic rhinometry and nasal airway resistance. Acoustic reflections have been used in adult humans to determine nasal cavity dimensions in terms of cross-sectional areas as a function of the distance from the nostril. In order to measure nasal cavity dimensions in guinea pigs, we modified equipment for use in humans by decreasing sound tube dimensions, increasing sampling frequency, and applying a special nosepiece. The percent change of volume, minimum cross-sectional area, and nasal airway resistance showed the largest changes at 10 minutes after antigen challenge in sensitized guinea pigs. There was a significant correlation between the individual percent change of nasal airway resistance and volume or minimum cross-sectional area. Histamine, 102 to 105 μg/mL, caused a dose-dependent reduction in percent change of volume in the challenged side of nonsensitized guinea pigs, but not in the opposite side. These results indicate that the noninvasive acoustic reflections technique is useful in small experimental animals, especially to assess the effect of nasal cavity dimensions after the challenge of antigen or nonspecific stimuli.
One Year follow-up of Patients with Rhinitis Medicamentosa after Vasoconstrictor Withdrawal
Authors: Graf Peter M. , Hallén Hans
Published: August 2007

The aim of the study was to systematically follow-up 10 patients with rhinitis medicamentosa for at least 1 year after vasoconstrictor withdrawal. During withdrawal of the decongestants the patients used budesonide nasal spray, 400 μg/day, for 6 weeks. The thickness of the nasal mucosa, the decongestive effect of oxymetazoline, and the histamine sensitivity were measured with rhinostereometry during the period. The thickness of the nasal mucosa and the symptom scores of nasal stuffiness were reduced considerably 6 and 12 months after vasoconstrictor withdrawal. The histamine sensitivity reflecting nasal hyperreactivity was still increased after 6 months, but not after 1 year. The decongestive effect of oxymetazoline increased after 6 months, indicating reversible tolerance. We conclude that when given adequate treatment and information about nose-drop overuse, all patients were able to stop using the vasoconstrictors and no one relapsed into a daily long-term overuse of vasoconstrictors during the 1-year follow-up period.
Commercially important medicinal and aromatic plants of Nepal and their distribution pattern and conservation measure along the elevation gradient of the Himalayas
Authors: Bhattarai Khem Raj , Ghimire Madhu
Published: August 2007

This study aims to assess and evaluate the number of commercially important medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) found in the trade and explore their distribution pattern and conservation measures along the Himalayan elevation gradient of Nepal. The species data for this study are based on primary as well as secondary sources, where as elevation range data are based only on secondary sources. The number of MAPs species and number of conservation sites present in each 100 m elevation band is estimated by interpolation. The assessed numbers of commercial MAPs are assigned in to different life forms group to find the life form spectrum of commercial species. The number of MAPs species and conservation sites present in each 100 m elevation band are evaluated as a response variable where as elevation gradient is the predictor. The relationship between them is elucidated by scatter plot as well as generalised liner models.

In this study, we have assessed 143 species as commercial MAPs. The variation of MAPs species is found related to elevation. The MAPs species richness increases with increasing the elevation up to 1000 m then decrease with further increasing the elevation thus unimodal type of pattern is observed. The maximum numbers of MAPs are found at 1000 m but maximum numbers of conservation sites are found above this elevation range. We did not find the significant pattern between conservation sites and MAPs species richness along the elevation gradient of the Himalayas. The conservation sites of Nepal are less concentrated where MAPs species diversity is rich.

Key words: Medicinal and aromatic plants, elevation gradient, species richness, generalised linear model

Banko Janakari Vol.16(1) 2006 pp3-13
Forest management planning in the Terai: sharing experiences from Sabaiya, Parsa
Authors: Thapa Y.B. , Shaha P.L. , Ghimire B. , Arjun K.C. , Karmacharya S.
Published: August 2007

The Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation is in the process of developing operational forest management mechanisms for the Terai regions of Nepal. The Sabaiya pilot scheme in Parsa is under implementation, which witnessed experiences in several issues in the process. The paper aims to share technical experiences with wider audiences. It highlights anomalies in scheme estimation and final enumeration in basic stand parameters such as basal area and volume. It presents possible reasons and provide analysis and insights for future management planning of Terai forests. The paper concludes with a need for more technical information generation, analysis and utilisation approaches in forest management in Nepal.

Key words: Forest management, stand parameters, volume table, Sabaiya

Banko Janakari Vol.16(1) 2006 pp32-34
Household characteristics and perception of users towards the environmental changes within community forests in the Dhaulagiri hills of Nepal
Authors: Baniya Ashok
Published: August 2007

This paper investigates how households’ characteristics, in light of community forestry intervention in the Western Hill of Nepal, influence the perception of environmental quality. Two types of data were used in this study, survey data on household’s characteristics and environmental perception from 212 households and individual level survey data. It was found, taking from the evidences from community forestry, that households’ characteristics are associated with perception of environment quality. Perception on environment quality is important from two angles that is firstly, it indicates objective environment quality degradation; secondly, it pave the way for designing the programme aiming to change the environmental behavior of forest users within community forestry.

Key words: environment quality, perception, logistic regression, and variable

Banko Janakari Vol.16(1) 2006 pp35-40
SOME ZYGNEMATALEAN ALGAE FROM NORTH-EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: Misra P. K. , Srivastava A. K.
Published: August 2007

Present communication deals with 9 taxa of order Zygnematales (Conjugales by Fritsch 1935, Zygnemales by Randhawa 1959) of class Chlorophyceae. Genera Mougeotia Ag. and Zygnema Ag. each with 2 species while Spirogyra Link with 5 species are well flourishing along with other group of algae in different localities of North-Eastern, U.P.

Morpho-taxonomic descriptions of species like Mougeotia sphaerocarpa Wolle, Mougeotia sp., Spirogyra bichromatophora (Randhawa) Transeau, S. biformis Jao, S. parvula (Trans) Czurda,

S. hymerae Britton and Smith, Spirogyra sp., Zygnema insigne (Hassall) Kuetz and Z. vaucherii Ag. are mainly based on length and breadth of vegetative filaments, chloroplast shape, number, direction of turning, conjugation type, shape, size and position of zygospore. Two taxa, Spirogyra sp. and Mougeotia sp. have been described under open nomenclature system as the fertile parts are not preserved.

These algae have been collected from various aquatic habitats of Bahraich and Gonda district of North-Eastern U.P., constitute new record for the area.

Key words: Freshwater, chlorophyceae, zygnematalean algae, U.P.

Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.
APPRAISAL OF SOME MOSSES FOR BIOMONITORING AIR BORNE HEAVY METALS IN KATHMANDU VALLEY
Authors: Shakya K. , Chettri M. K. , Sawidis T
Published: August 2007

Epiphytic mosses were sampled from 35 sites in Kathmandu valley for assessing air borne heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) through passive monitoring technique. These sampling sites were broadly divided into 3 categories viz., inside, along and outside the ring road. The ring road encircles core part of two cities, Kathmandu and Lalitpur. Among all the studied epiphytic mosses, three species like Brachythecium plumosum (Hedw.) B.S.G; Fabronia matsumurae Besch. and Erythrodontium julaceum (Schwaegr.) Par. were very common and mostly showed high bioaccumulation of these metals. Bioaccumulation ability in these three mosses was further evaluated statistically using paired t- test. Result of paired t-test indicated that Erythrodontium julaceum significantly (P=0.05) have high bioaccumulating capacity of the heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn than other moss species. Therefore, the epiphytic moss species Erythrodontium julaceum has been recommended as one of the suitable moss species to be considered for future biomonitoring programme. Contamination factor indicated severe contamination of Cd, Cr, and Pb at most sampling sites inside and along the ring road areas. Similarly, it also showed severe contamination of Zn at some areas outside the ring road.

Key words: Heavy metals, Mosses, monitoring, contamination factors, Kathmandu.

Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.
IMPACT ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND UNDER STORY VEGETATION OF CORIARIA NEPALENSIS IN NATURAL LANDSLIDE AREA
Authors: Bargali Kiran , Joshi Beena , Goel Deepti
Published: August 2007

Soil samples were collected from Coriaria canopy and ajacent open sites in natural landslide area in the central Himalaya. Herbaceous vegetation of each habitat were sampled in quadrats. The main soil attribute and species composition indicated significant differences in open and canopy habitats. Biomass was almost eight times higher in canopy habitat.

Key words: Soil, Coriaria nepalensis, species composition, biomass.

Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.
Plasma physics: A review and applications with special reference to inertial confinement fusion energy
Authors: Jha Lok N. , Nakarmi Jeevan J.
Published: August 2007

A brief description of plasma, its types and fundamental requirements necessary to study the physics of plasma has been presented through this article. Information given here would be useful to those who have the basic knowledge of physics. Mathematical complications have been avoided to suit the purpose. Varied applications of plasma have been introduced. A little detail has been devoted to one of the major applications of plasma physics known as theoretical thermonuclear fusion studies. Physics of inertial confinement together with the role of self-generated magnetic field in the design of fusion targets have also been described.

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(1): 21-24, 2003
Domesticating Lapsi, Choerospondias axillaris Roxb. (B. L. Burtt & A. W. Hill) for fruit production
Authors: Poudel K. C.
Published: August 2007

Cherospondias axillaris is a potential agroforestry tree species for income generation and nutrient supplementation in the middle mountains of rural Nepal. The occurrence and distribution of C. axillaris (locally known as Lapsi in Nepal) has been surveyed and documented. Status of indigenous knowledge about cultivation, management and utilisation has been studied and documented; indigenous indicators for early sex determination and criteria for fruit quality assessment has been established. Based on farmers selection and fruit quality assessment, elite trees for quality fruit production has been selected and methods for their successful propagation has been developed. Lapsi was reported growing in 301 Village Development Committees of 29 hill districts. Over 40000 trees has been producing fruits and additional 500,000 new trees has been planted. Interest on lapsi cultivation and marketing is increasing. Farmers have wealth of indigenous knowledge on lapsi ecology, husbandry practices and variation in different lapsi types. This knowledge combined with scientific methods has offered better opportunities for lapsi domestication. Bud grafting, side grafting, hardwood and softwood cutting propagation were successful methods for lapsi propagation, while research in tissue culture is still underway. Bud grafting during the first three weeks in February is recommended for lower cost and effectiveness (90% success). Selected trees are recommended for mass propagation and planting for quality fruit production.

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(1): 55-58, 2003
Why we must fight biopiracy
Authors: Khor Martin
Published: August 2007

Martin Khor argues that a major effort is needed to prevent intellectual property rules from undermining the indigenous knowledge that is essential for sustainable development.

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(2): 74-75, 2003

The full text is available at the SciDevNet website
Control of flea beetle, Phyllotreta nemorum L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) using locally available natural resources
Authors: Subedi Indra P , Vaidya Kamini
Published: August 2007

Aqueous extracts of six different plants (Acorus calamus, Ageratum conyzoides, Azadirachta indica, Duranta repens, Spilanthes acmella and Urtica dioca) and diluted animal urine (buffalo and cow) were tested for mortality rate of flea beetle (Phyllotreta nemorum) in the laboratory. Results were compared with the effects of commercial neem product (neem azal) on flea beetle mortality. The host plant taken for the study was radish (Rhaphanus sativus). Three concentrations of aqueous plant extracts (1kg/5 l, 1kg/10 l and 1kg/20 l of water), three concentrations of animal urine (20%, 15% and 10%) and two concentrations of neem azal (0.1% and 0.01%) were tested in three replications. Observations on the beetle mortality were made at 24 hrs and thereafter on alternate days for a week (168 hrs). All tested concentrations of S. acmella, buffalo urine and cow urine were effective in flea beetle control; A. calamus, A. indica and U. dioca were significantly better in controlling flea beetle (P
Hydrogeological conditions in the southern part of Dang valley, mid-western Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Birendra
Published: August 2007

The Dang valley consists of several patches of confined and unconfined aquifer systems. Drilling data reveals that the northern portion of the study area has more permeable surfaces than the southern and central portions. Annual domestic draft and safe yield were calculated to be 7.43 x106 m3/year and 3.16 x 107 m3/year, respectively. The fact that the safe yield is higher than the annual draft indicates the presence of good groundwater potential in the study area.

Key words: terrace, lithology, aquifer, tubewell, yield, draft, piezometric surface, water table

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(2): 119-122, 2003
Invasive alien plants and Eupatorium: Biodiversity and livelihood
Authors: Kunwar Ripu M
Published: August 2007

Invasive alien species colonize aggressively, threatening native biodiversity. The success of invasive alien plants is due to their opportunistic exploitation of anthropogenic disturbances, the absence of natural enemies, and, frequently, their allelopathic competitive strategies. Invasive species can have a significant impact on development, affecting sustainability of livelihood, food security and essential ecosystem services and dynamics. Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. and E. odoratum L. (forest killer, local name banmara) are unpalatable and highly competitive. They have taken hold in scattered sites throughout eastern and central Nepal, currently, they are also rapidly spreading westward. Efforts are being made to control established invasive species, but a better understanding of why species become invasive offers the possibility of taking pre-emptive measures.

Key words: Invasive alien plant species, Eupatorium, biological control, livelihood

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 1(2): 129-133, 2003
Methods to reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses in Kavre district, central Nepal - Paper withdrawn
Authors: Pathak Janak
Published: August 2007

Withdrawal notice of a research paper published in Vol 2, issue 3

Dear readers,

Upon the request of author, we are retracting a paper entitled “Methods to reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses in Kavre district, central Nepal” published in the volume 2, issue 3 of Himalayan Journal of Sciences under the category “research paper.” The author writes: “The research was primarily a part of my Bachelor’s dissertation work at Kathmandu University. It also contained a part of the work to which I worked as an associate. After publication, as it turned out, there are some fundamental flaws in the reporting of the result, and that makes the discussion and conclusion invalid. With a deep regret, I would like to withdraw my published article and request you to announce this notice to the scientific community as soon as possible. I am very sorry for the misreporting, wasting time and effort of editors and reviewers, and for the misinformation to the readers.”

Such errors are bound to occur in any field, and this prompt retraction is a reflection of the scientist's integrity. We look forward to being able to post the author's revisions.

? Editor

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 2(3): 42-45, 2004
Two new records of Viola L. (Violaceae) for Nepal
Authors: Dani Ramesh S , Shrestha Krishna K
Published: August 2007

Viola mandshurica W. Becker and Viola odorata L. belonging to the family Violaceae are reported for the first time from Nepal. The plants were collected along the trail between the suburbs Chovar and Jalbinayak, Kathmandu.

Key words: Herbarium, Nepal, Viola

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 2(3): 48-50, 2004
Discharge and sediment loads of two streams in the mid-hills of central Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Roshan M , Sharma Subodh , Clemente Roberto
Published: August 2007

Stream flow, nutrient loading, and sediment yield closely reflect land use and management practices in relation to growing seasons in mid-hill watersheds of the central Himalaya. A preliminary study was conducted to determine approximate total water discharge and sediment yields from the Galaundi and Pokhare catchments. Mean discharge and sediment loads during the 2002 rainy season were 2.1 m3?s-1 and 0.9 kg?s-1 for Galaundi Khola and 0.45 m3 s-1 and 0.28 kg?s-1 for Pokhare Khola. Estimates of total annual discharge of water and sediment were, respectively, 27.8 million m3 and 11,400 t (Galaundi) and 6.4 million m3 and 3,500 t (Pokhare). These corresponded to about 71.6% and 60.4% of total rain volumes and soil loss rates of 5.18 t?ha-1 and 5.83 t?ha-1 for Galaundi and Pokhare sub-watersheds, respectively. Good correlations were observed for stream discharge vs. sediment concentration (R2 = 0.83 and 0.94 respectively) and rainfall amount vs. discharge (R2 = 0.94 and 0.96 respectively) for both streams.

Key words: stream flow, sediment concentration, land use, pre-monsoon, sub-watershed

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 2(3): 51-54, 2004
Participatory fisheries management for livelihood improvement of fishers in Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Gurung Tek B , Wagle Suresh K , Bista Jay D , Joshi Purushottam L , Batajoo Rabindra , Adhikari Pushpa , Rai Ash K
Published: August 2007

This paper deals with the participatory fisheries management program, aimed at and successful in livelihood improvement of fisher community known as ‘Pode’ or ‘Jalari’ living near Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal. The community, traditionally depending on fishing activities for their livelihood, led a nomadic life along the rivers and lakes, carrying cast nets to feed their families. In the early 1960s, when the fish catch declined due to over fishing, the Pode’s only source of livelihood was threatened. Meanwhile, the Fisheries Development Center, now Agriculture Research Station (Fisheries), was established in Pokhara in 1962 with the objective of assisting the poorest fishing communities through cage fish culture and open water fisheries. To begin with, each family was enabled to buy a single 50 m3 cage in order to start farming fish; the loans were underwritten by the local Agriculture Development Bank. The total fish production from Phewa Lake in 2001 was estimated at 98 mt (224 kgha-1: 52 mt from cage culture and 46 mt from open water recapture fisheries). The income from fish production is shared among local fisher families; it has brought substantial changes in the livelihood of the fisher community. A few years ago, it was difficult to find a literate member of the Pode community, but these days many children attend school and some even college. The community has realized the importance of lake resources and devised a code of conduct for sustainable fishery. The improvement on livelihood of fisher community is attributable to the combination of participatory fisheries management with their traditional skill on fish handling as well as their easy access. Apart from supporting in livelihood of poor communities, participatory fisheries management also contributes in maintaining ecological balance of aquatic ecosystems.

Key words: ‘Pode’, sustainable fishery, Phewa, cage culture, livelihood

Himalayan Journal of Sciences 3(5) 2005 p.47-52
An Overview on Training Conducted by Pokhara Tourism Training Centre, Pokhara
Authors: Karki Bir Bahadur
Published: August 2007

Pokhara Tourism Training Center (PTTC) under the Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training, and Skill Development Training Center (SDTC), Pokhara Branch, under the Ministry of Labor, are conducting skill-oriented training in Pokhara. Both institutions have emphasized the short-term training. SDTC has conducted 19 different training programs and trained 4,116 people, and PTTC has conducted 21 different training and trained 2,552 people till FY 2057/ 058. PTTC offers both short and long-term training. In short term courses, 2765 participants have participated so far. In both short term and long-term courses, in total, 3,352 trainees received various kinds of training.. PTTC may focus the short-term training due to its popularity.

Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol.1(1) 2004 pp.93-98
AIDA Model Application for TV Commercials in Nepal
Authors: Aryal Bhoj Raj
Published: August 2007

No abstract available.

Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol.2(1) 2005 pp.65-71
Panthi Dairy: An Entrepreneurial Venture in Pokhara
Authors: Pant Sushil Kumar
Published: August 2007

No abstract available.

Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol.2(1) 2005 pp.98-100
Does Government Expenditure Reduce GDP Gap? Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Islam M. Rafiqul , Hassan A.F.M. Kamrul
Published: August 2007

In Keynesian macroeconomics fiscal policy plays the dominant role to steer the economy along its long run equilibrium path and also to cure the short run deviation from its long run level. Present paper examines this role of government expenditure, a tool of fiscal policy, in the context of the economy of Bangladesh. The paper employs cointegration and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) to examine the short and long run relationship between economic growth and government expenditure. Findings of the study indicate that, in the short run, government expenditure does not play any statistically significant role in eliminating the gap between actual and potential output. However, a statistically significant cointegrating relationship is found between government expenditure and long run equilibrium output

Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 2006/III/1 pp. 1-8
Laxmi Sharma: A Women's Adventure in Entrepreneurial World
Authors: Pant Sushil Kumar
Published: August 2007

Not Available
Phytochemical constituents of the flowers of Sarcococca coriacea of Nepalese origin
Authors: Rai N. P. , Adhikari B. B. , Paudel Arjun , Masuda K. , Mckelvey R. D. , Manandhar M. D.
Published: August 2007

From the flowers of Sarcococca coriacea, a triterpenoic acid, oleanolic acid, a pentahydric sugar alcohol, xylitol along with the mixture of steroidal glycosides, stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside have been isolated by chromatographic technique. Their structures were established on the basis of IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, spectral data as well as melting point and Co-TLC comparison with the authentic samples. DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v21i0.214Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol.21 2006 p.1-7
Study of Aluminum Corrosion in Chloride and Nitrate Media and its Inhibition by Nitrite
Authors: Afzal S. N. , Ali Shaikh M. A. , Mustafa C. M. , Nabi M. , Ehsan M. Q. , Khan A. H.
Published: August 2007

Aluminum corrosion has been studied in aqueous chloride and nitrate media. Potentiodynamic method is applied to carry out the individual effect of chloride and nitrate ions on the commercial grade aluminum corrosion. In both chloride and nitrate media the corrosion behavior is affected at pH 4 and 10. The corrosion rate of aluminum increases with the increase of concentrations of chloride and nitrate ions. In both media corrosion behavior is significant at higher pH value due to the instant dissolution of metal ions as complex. The nitrite plays an important role as a corrosion inhibitor in both chloride and nitrate media.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v22i0.519Journal of Nepal Chemical SocietyVol. 22, 2007 pp.26-33
Optimization of Saponification Process for Orange and Apple Wastes
Authors: Ghimire K. N. , Inoue K.
Published: August 2007

A cheap, efficient and environmentally friendly bio-adsorbent is prepared from orange and apple juice residue by saponification process. The measure of adsorption capacity of such adsorbent is its total amount of exchangeable protons which differs drastically depending on the conditions of saponification. The most optimum condition of saponification process rendered exchangeable protons of about 2.6 mol/kg. The adsorption of heavy metal ions like lead, iron and copper has examined on the prepared bio-adsorbent at different pH values.DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v22i0.521Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 22,2007 pp. 41-46
Kolka Glacier and Genaldon River valley: yesterday, today, and
Authors: Zaporozhchenko E. V.
Published: August 2007

The biggest glacial disaster in the Russian history took place on 20 September 2002 in the mountains of North Ossetia. A huge ice-rock-water mass rushed down the Genaldon River valley with a speed of 320 km/h from the Kolka Glacier. Having covered a distance of 18.5 km, it was stopped by the narrows of the Skalistyy Range and filled the Karmadon hollow with 120 million m3 of deposits. The material moved beyond the hollow as a debris flow, which went down the valley (10 km) devastating all the constructions in the riverbed. A total of 125 people were reported dead or missing. The glacier disaster of 2002 was unexpected, though such events had already occurred in 1834 and 1902. Slow sliding up to a distance of 4.5 km was noticed in 1960–1970 without any disastrous consequences. In 2002, two months before the disaster, a series of collapses from the Dzhimaraj-Hokh slopes (more than 4000 m high) on the backside of the glacier triggered the avalanche. The last ice-mass collapse had a volume of 10 million m3. As a result, the glacier hollow formed. The material from the glacier hollow was knocked out and went down the valley with the superficial moraine. The 100–150 m high water-ice-rock mass (with air also) was moving down the 400–500 m wide valley. The area covered from the collapse zone to the narrows was 12.7 km2. The area of the ice-rock mass stopped by the “Karmadon Gates” was 2.1 km2 (3.6 km long and 135–140 m wide with an average height of 60 m). The debris flow, which went down the narrows of the Skalistyy Range, covered an area of 2.5 km2, and its total volume was about 9 million m3 with a thickness of 1 to 15 m. The flow on its way down the valley was also fed by the slope deposits and, to a greater extent, by the frontal masses of three huge ancient landslides on the left bank with a total volume of about 40 million m3. The high-energy flow undercut the toes of these landslides and displaced their material to a distance of 10–20 m. The 2002 Genaldon catastrophe is a natural phenomenon in a long chain of geological events. Such events have been repeated for many times since the last thousand years and will also be repeated in the future.
Molluscan Check List of Ghodaghodi Tal Area, Kailali District
Authors: Subba Bharat Raj
Published: August 2007

The paper deals with ten freshwater and one terrestrial mollusc collected from Ghodaghodi Tal area. Among ten freshwater molluscs, nine species belong to six families viz. Planorbidae, Viviparidae, Pilidae, Lymnaedae and Thiaridae of class Gastropoda and one species is of family Amblemidae of the class Bivalvia. The single species of terrestrial mollusc belongs to family Ariophantidae of the class Gastropoda. Keywords: Molluscan diversity, Ghodaghodi Tal, Wetlanddoi:10.3126/on.v1i1.294Our Nature (2003) 1: 1-2
Contribution to the Flora of Dulari VDC and Adjoining Area of Morang District
Authors: Parajuli Sanju , Shrestha Sabina
Published: August 2007

A total of 221 species of flowering plants (Angiosperms) belonging to 177 genera under 67 families were collected from Dulari Village Development Commitee of Morang district in the year 2000. Among the total collection, 49.7 %, 23.31 % and 21.52 % were herb, tree and shrub respectively. Fabaceae and Poaceae were represented by more than 20 species. Keywords: Morang, Flora, Angiosperms, Phenologydoi:10.3126/on.v1i1.299Our Nature (2003) 1: 19-25
Comparative Study of Fish Yields with Plant Protein Sources and Fish Meal
Authors: Tuladhar Babita
Published: August 2007

Two iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were formulated using Azolla, Soya bean and oilcakes as a sole protein source in diet B and fishmeal as sole protein in diet A. Six ponds were used as experimental ponds. The fishes of three ponds were supplied with Azolla diet B while the fishes of other three ponds were supplied with fish meal diet A. Growth of the fish in three ponds with plant protein sources was significant than in the fishes of other ponds with fish meal diet A. The yield of fish supplemented with Azolla, Soya beans and Oilcakes was higher than that of fish supplied with fishmeal diet. Keyword: Plant protein, fish mealdoi:10.3126/on.v1i1.300Our Nature (2003) 1: 26-29
Community Trial on the Propagation and Conservation of Taxus baccata L.
Authors: Maden Kamal
Published: August 2007

This article deals with the propagation of endangered but economically valuable gymnospermic plant species, Taxus baccata L. Taxol; an antitumor agent is prepared from the extracted material, both leaves and stem resin of it. Vegetative propagation was done by cuttings. The twigs were taken in Madimulkhark of Sankhuwasabha district and put in the bed for rooting without any chemical treatments. Independent experiments were conducted in two seasons i.e, February-March and May-June. The latter season was found suitable for emergence of young twigs. Keywords: Taxol, Gymnosperms, Propagation, Conservationdoi:10.3126/on.v1i1.301Our Nature (2003) 1: 30-32
An Ethnobiological Study of the Tamang People
Authors: Tamang Ganesh
Published: August 2007

Tamangs are one of the major ethnic groups of Nepal. Ethnobiological investigation of Tamang people of Gorsyang Village Development Committee of Nuwakot district was carried out. Information was documented from structured questionnaire and interviews with local people. They were found to have rich indigenous knowledge. They use different 12 animal names as calendar. A total of 11 animal species and 44 plant species were found to be used in medicinal purpose. Viscera of Hystrix brachyura, pancreas of fish and flesh of Rana tigrinai were found using in the treatment of asthma, jaundice and pneumonia. The fur of Lepus nigricollis is used to stop bleeding. Acorus calamus, Centilla asiatica and Terminalia chebula are the important medicinal plants, which they use to control throat, urine and gastric problems. The stem extract of Tinospora cordifolia is used in menstruation problems. Keywords: Ethnobiology, Tamang peopledoi:10.3126/on.v1i1.303Our Nature (2003) 1: 37-41
Population Estimation of Leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) Associated with Successive Stages of Mung Bean Vigna radiate (Linn.) Wilczek
Authors: Thapa Moon , Thapa R.B.
Published: August 2007

Present study deals with the Mung bean variety K851 cultivated at three locations of Biratnagar by designing an experiment randomized Block design. Flies reared from the successive stages of Mung bean plant were identified as: Melanogromyza sojae (Zehnther), internal stem and root feeder, Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon) external stem and root feeder and Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, Leaf mining one. Their field populations under natural condition were regulated by parasitic fauna and other mortality factors. Under certain conditions their population become high and cause economic loss. Population of these flies were found to be highest at seedling stages reaching up to the extent of 88.6% and it was found to decrease with the successive stage of plant growth reaching up to the extent of 0.56%.Keywords: Diptera, Agromyzidae, Population, Successive stage, RBDdoi:10.3126/on.v2i1.319Our Nature (2004) 2: 19-20
Report of Molluscs from Chimdi lake (Birju Tal), Sunsari district, Eastern Nepal
Authors: Surana Ranjana , Subba B.R. , Limbu K.P.
Published: August 2007

Molluscs from Chimdi lake have been reported. Ten species of Gastropod representing seven families and four species of bivalves representing two families are described here.Keywords: Molluscs, Chimdi lake, Sunsaridoi:10.3126/on.v2i1.325Our Nature (2004) 2:45-46
The Wetland Ecology
Authors: Jha S.N.
Published: August 2007

No Abstract Available.doi:10.3126/on.v2i1.326Our Nature (2004) 2:47-52
Modeling Phosphorus Utilization by Biotic Components: A Test Case Using Two Insoluble Phosphate Sources
Authors: Chakrabarty D.
Published: August 2007

Natural resource management for sustainable development is urgently required in our society and an adequate model is required for quantification of function of natural ecosystem. A simplistic approach has been tried here to quantify phosphorus utilization by biotic components. Two laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the amount of P utilization from two different types of sparingly soluble phosphate rock by aquatic biotic communities. The first type was Mussoorie Phosphate Rock or MPR (sedimentary in origin) and other was Purulia Phosphate Rock or PPR (igneous in origin). The two trials were with eight different treatment combinations. Among various treatments, fish and Chironomid larvae contributed to some extent in increasing the available sediment phosphate content, which in turn increased the soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) of overlying water. The SRP of overlying water decreased in the treatment with zooplanktons. Depletion of SRP of overlying water due to uptake of orthophosphate by Chlorella was also observed. The sedimentary type phosphate rock proved to be more efficient in releasing phosphate than igneous type. Keywords: Chironomid larvae, Chlorella, Fish, Phosphorus model, Zooplanktons10.3126/on.v4i1.497Our Nature Vol.4(1) 2006 pp1-9
Taxonomic Studies on Some Freshwater Diatoms from the Eastern Terai Region, Nepal
Authors: Rai S. K.
Published: August 2007

The present paper describes the morphology and distribution of 17 freshwater diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) collected from rivers, ponds, ditches and wetlands of the eastern Terai region, Nepal. They belong to the genera Cyclotella (1), Ceratoneis (1), Fragilaria (1), Eunotia (1), Navicula (3), Pinnularia (1), Gyrosigma (1), Gomphonema (2), Cymbella (3), Epithemia (1), and Hantzschia (2). Cyclotella meneghiniana Kuetz., Ceratoneis arcus (Ehr.) Kuetz., Fragilaria capucina Desmaz. var. mesolepta Rabenh., Eunotia lunaris (Ehr.) Grun., Navicula perrotettii Grun., Gomphonema lanceolatum fo. turris (Ehr. c.p.) Hust., and Cymbella tumida (Bréb.) Van. Heurck have previously been reported from the eastern Terai region but Navicula radiosa Kuetz., Gyrosigma kuetzingii (Grun.) Cl., Gomphonema sphaerophorum Ehr., Cymbella aspera (Ehr.) Cl, and Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun. var. capitata Muell. are new records for this area. Navicula gastrum Ehr., Pinnularia viridis (Nitzs.) Ehr. var. intermedia Cl., Cymbella reinhardtii Grun., Hust., Epithemia sorex Kuetz. and Hantzschia virgata (Roper) Grun. are new records for Nepal. Key words: Algae, Bacillariophyceae, freshwater diatoms, Terai, Nepal doi:10.3126/on.v4i1.498 Our Nature Vol.4(1) 2006 pp10-19
Ethno-Medicinal Plants Used by Bantar of Bhaudaha, Morang, Nepal
Authors: Acharya (Siwakoti) E. , Pokhrel B.
Published: August 2007

Bantar, one of the dominant ethnic groups of Morang district is ethno botanically very rich. 98 species of plants belonging to 89 genera and 45 families used by Bantar as traditional medicines for human and domestic animals have been documented here. Ethno medication in most instances involves mantras alongside herbal application. Most diseases are treated by the use of more than one plant species while a single plant species is found to be used in curing more than one disease. Key words: Bantar, Ethno-medicinal plants, Morangdoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.508Our Nature Vol. 4(1) 2006 pp96-103
Aquatic Insects of Palung Khola, Makwanpur District, Nepal
Authors: Yadav R. P.
Published: August 2007

The present study deals with aquatic insects of Palung Khola. The survey conducted from September, 2002 to March, 2004 enumerated 21 genera of aquatic insects belonging to19 families spread over 7 orders Key words: Aquatic insects, Palung Kholadoi:10.3126/on.v4i1.510Our Nature Vol. 4(1) 2006 pp104-106
The morphosyntax of relativization in chhathare limbu: a typological perspective
Authors: Tambahang Govinda Bahadur
Published: August 2007

No
A Historical Analysis of Monasticism in Newar
Authors: Shakya Min B.
Published: August 2007

No abstract available

Voice of History Vol.15(1) 2000 pp.65-80
Devaladevi, the de facto Ruler of Nepal
Authors: Vaidya T.R.
Published: August 2007

No abstract available

Voice of History Vol.16(2) 2001 pp.12-18
British Residents at the Court of Nepal During the 19th Century
Authors: Manandhar Tri Ratna
Published: August 2007

No abstract available.

Voice of History Vol.17-20(1) 2005 pp.5-22
Conceptual Framework to Study Peasant Society and Economy
Authors: Thapa Shanker
Published: August 2007

No abstract available.

Voice of History Vol.17-20(1) 2005 pp.29-50
The Participation of Different Categories of Farmers for the Production and Utilization of Lady's Finger (Hibiscus esculentus L.)
Authors: Rashid M Harunur , Nur-E-Elahi M , Khan M Akhter Hossain
Published: August 2007

A study was conducted at the Farming Systems Research and Development (FSR&D) site of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) during kharif-I, 1999 to find the agronomic management followed for lady's finger cultivation by the different categories of farmers and to understand its production, consumption and disposal pattern together with its economy. Technical knowledge was provided to the farmers for growing lady's finger. Farmers grew the crop with their own management and resources. Variation was found in the date of sowing, rate of fertilizer application and number of irrigation. The highest pod yield was associated with better agronomic management that resulted higher gross margin. Lady's finger production, consumption and selling were increased from April to June with a peak in the month of June. Lady's finger consumption was highest per head in case of medium farmer and was decreased from medium farmer to marginal one. The utilization of money earned from lady's finger selling followed a dissimilar pattern in different categories of farmers. Cultivation of lady's finger might be an option for meeting the requirement of vegetable consumption, income generation and fulfilling the diversified demand of different category of farmers.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 15-22, 2006
Fatty Acid Composition of Three Marine Fishes of the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Bhuiyan Habibur R , Nath KK , Seal P , Hossain Mir Esharul
Published: August 2007

Oil samples collected from three fishes namely Sting Ray (Dasyatis uarrnak), Anchovy (Setipinna taty), and Eel (Congresox talabonoides) from the Bay of Bengal were analyzed to determine their fatty acid composition with the aid of Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). The saturated fatty acid contents were 52.95, 45.28 and 52.29 %; and the unsaturated fatty acid contents were 43.97, 54.72 and 33.39 % in D. uarnak, S. taty and C. talabonoides respectively. The highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content was found in S. taty (13.65 %) and the lowest was in D. uarnak (8.06 %). The ψ-3 fatty acid contents were 4.58, 3.65 and 9.91 % and the ψ-6 fatty acid contents were 3.48, 10.00 and 5.50 % in D. uarnak. S. taty and C. talabonoides respectively. Two essential fatty acid linoleic acid (4.12 %) and arachidonic acid (5.32 %) contents were found higher in S. taty whereas another essential fatty acid linolenic acid (8.98 %) found higher in C. talabonoides. Another important polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (2.12%) found higher in D. uarnak.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 47-54, 2006
Effect of Plant Extracts on the Yield of Soybean Crop Under Different Climatic Conditions
Authors: Ahmed KN , Khatun M , Pramanik SHA , Nargis A , Dey NC , Dey KC
Published: August 2007

Soybean (Glycine max L., Variety PB-1) is an important oilseed crop though not extensively cultivated in Bangladesh. Five different plant extracts i.e., Bara Bishkatali leaf extract, sesame seed oil, castor seed oil, a mixture of sesame oil and neem seed oil and tobacco leaf extract were sprayed prior to pest infestation. The major insect pests encountered were the leaf roller (Sylepta derogata), pentatomid bug (Nezara viridula and Piezodorus hybneri), noctuid semilooper (Trichoplusia ni) and blue butterfly (Euchrysops cnejas). Among the applied treatments, tobacco leaf extract showed the best result followed by Bara Bishkatali leaf extract, sesame seed oil and a mixture of sesame oil and neem seed oil and castor oil. Some unidentified beneficial eurytomid, braconid, ichneumonid and encyrtid insect parasites and coccinellid predators played an important role in suppressing the pest population during the study period. The maximum yield was 36.7 maunds per acre in the BCSIR Laboratories Campus, Rajshahi but the yield was only 3 maunds per acre in the Oilseeds Cultivation Centre Patgram, Lalmonirhat.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 73-76, 2006
A Study on the Synthesis of 5, 7-Diaryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2, 4-dioxo-5H-pyrano [2,3-d]pyrimidines
Authors: Ahmed MG , Romman UKR , Ahmed SM , Akhter Khondaker , Halim ME , Salauddin M
Published: August 2007

5,7-Diphenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,4-dioxo-5H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine (4a) has been synthesized in single-step by the condensation of barbituric acid (1) with benzylideneacetophenone (2a) in glacial acetic acid in the presence of phosphorous pentoxide. Reaction of barbituric acid (1) with arylideneacetophenones (2b-d) which gave the corresponding adducts of 5-(1,3-diaryl-1-oxopropyl) pyrimidine (1H, 3H, 5H)-2,4,6-triones (3a-c) previously in 50 % aqueous ethanol which on further reflux in gl. acetic acid in the presence of phosphorous pentoxide also gave the corresponding pyranopyrimidines 5,7-diaryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,4-dioxo-5H-pyrano [2,3- d]pyrimidines (4b-d). The structures of the compounds 4a-d were characterized by their UV, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 119-128, 2006
Fungicide-Derived Copper Content in Soil and Vegetation Component, Owena Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) Plantations in Nigeria
Authors: Adeyeye EI , Arogundade LA , Asaolu SS , Olaofe O
Published: August 2007

This work reported the results of copper content in the soil profiles of three different aged cocoa plantations subjected to copper- fungicide application and the various vegetational components (pod, beans, leaves, trunk bark, lateral root and twig). Soil copper at various depth considered ranged from 5.0 -42.0 μgg-1. Copper contents in both fresh and dry leaves of cocoa and banana were consistently high in all the three plantations. The copper contents ranged from 56-300μgg-1 (dry wt.) in cocoa trunk bark and 86-161μgg-1 in banana trunk bark. There was evidence of age-dependent accumulation of copper in cocoa pod and beans; hence it can be used to assess the degree of copper contamination. Copper contents from roots ranged from 408-2, 203μgg-1 (dry wt.). The soil did not appear contaminated by copper but alternative fungicide is recommended since copper accumulation in the cocoa beans was evident.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 129-140, 2006
Decay of Temperature Fluctuations in Homogeneous Turbulence before the Final Period for the Case of Multi-Point and Multi-Time in a Rotating System
Authors: Sarker MS Alam , Azad MAK
Published: August 2007

Using Deisslers approach the decay of temperature fluctuations in homogeneous turbulence before the final period for the case of multi-point and multi-time in a rotating system in presence of dust particle is studied and have considered correlation between fluctuating quantities at two and three point. Two and three point correlation equations in a rotating system is obtained and the set of equations is made to determinate by neglecting the quadruple correlations in comparison to the second and third order correlations. The correlations are converted to spectral form by taking their Fourier transforms. Finally integrating the energy spectrum over all wave numbers, the energy decay law of temperature fluctuations in homogeneous turbulent before the final period for the case of multi-point and multi-time in a rotating system is obtained.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 147-158 2006
Reaction Mechanism of Formation of CaSO4 in AFBC
Authors: Ali Ismat , Ali M Mohsin
Published: August 2007

Attempts have been made to investigate and predict the reaction mechanism of formation of calcium sulphate (CaSO4) in Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustor (AFBC). Formation of NOx, from nitrogen content to coal has been found beneficial for the oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 167-170, 2006