bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Revision Of Scientific Research İn Jordanian Higher Education Institutions: A Follow-Up Assessment
Authors: Tareef Atif bin , Alzyood Mohammad S.
Published: March 2016

This study aimed at identifying the status and obstacles of scientific research in Jordanian higher education institutions as perceived by vice presidents, deans and vice deans of the scientific research departments. In addition to differences in status and obstacles, pursuant to the study variable, this is the institution type.The sample composed of (139) faculty members and all 27 vice presidents, deans and vice deans of the scientific research departments at all 27 Jordanian universities.Having reviewed all interviews and some literature, the researcher prepared a questionnaire, which was tested for validity and reliability of the questionnaire, and used five-likert scale to measure the status and the obstacles of the scientific research in higher education in Jordan. The study showed the following findings; The scientific research status mean was 2.19 and that was low result, also the themes have almost the same results where the research planning got the highest among the themes and the research support the lowest. The scientific research obstacles mean was 2.87 and that was low result, also the themes have almost the same results while doing research for academic promotion got the highest among the themes and doing research for developing human knowledge and enjoyment the lowest. In the light of these results, the study provides a number of recommendations that could reduce the obstacles for funding of scientific research in higher education.
How Effective İs The Nigerian Senior School Agricultural Science Curriculum? A Survey Of Evidence From Content Development To Product
Authors: Akanmu Samson Akinwande , Olorundare Adejare Solomon , Uphai Johnson
Published: March 2016

Agricultural science, a vocational subject in Nigerian senior schools is yet to meet its objectives due to various challenges. Consequently, the performance of students in the subject is relatively poor. This study examined the effectiveness of the Nigerian senior school agricultural science curriculum. 255 teachers and 255 students were engaged for the study. Teachers’ Curriculum Evaluation Instrument (TCEI) and Agricultural Achievement Test (AAT) were used for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings from the study show that 86% of the teachers perceived the agricultural science curriculum content were suitable for students’ performance, the instructional facilities for agricultural science teaching in schools are not adequately available and agricultural science curriculum implementation was confronted with several challenges. Student performance in agricultural science was poor as about 51% had credit pass in the administered test and 49% failed the test. Using the CIPP frame work, this study concluded that the context (content) is suitable, input (instructional facilities) is deficient, process (implementation) is highly deficient and consequently, the (product) student performance in agricultural science is poor. It is recommended that among others that concerned stakeholders should adequately provide instructional facilities, ensure their adequacy and also supervise their judicious utilization.
A Simultaneous Equation Analysis Of The Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment, Public Expenditure And Economic Growth In Nigeria
Authors: Ovenseri-Ogbom O. Friday , Umoru David
Published: March 2016

The objective of the paper is to empirically examine the effect of FDI and public expenditure on the Nigerian economy. The simultaneous equation estimation was carried out in the study. From the elasticity-multiplier coefficient table, it became obvious that infrastructure measured by power generation is highly germane in stimulating economic growth and foreign direct investment. The study thus recommends the need for significant infrastructure such as power supply.
Development Challenges Of Fruıt And Vegetable Sector Of Uzbekıstan
Authors: Tursunbekovich Iskandarov Sanjarbek
Published: March 2016

This article presents development challenges of vegetable and fruit production sector in Uzbekistan. The governmental sector reforms, labour resources, price formation, import and export activities have been the object of the study in this article. The paper reviews several problems with developed support system and further development of fruit and vegetable production in Uzbekistan. The paper is aimed to describe the main problems and challenges and suggest their possible solutions.
Materialism And The Locus Of The Subject Of Experiences
Authors: Smythe Thomas W.
Published: March 2016

The paper treats alternative views about a materialist conception of the subject of experiences or the self or person. Some views are that the self is the brain, or the whole person, or that there is no self or subject of experiences. We lay out each view and their advantages and disadvantages.
Variabilité Climatique Et Changements Dans L’environnement À Korhogo En Côte D’ivoire : Mythes Ou Réalité ?
Authors: N. Nadège Boko-Koiadia Adjoua , Cissé Guéladio , Koné Brama , Séri Dedy
Published: March 2016

Climate change which is considered as a threat to biodiversity, causes paradoxical situations everywhere it manifests itself. These include, among others, drought and desertification; floods and storms; sea level rise, reduction of the vegetation cover; water supply sources and, animal and plant species disappearance. In Korhogo, in the North of Côte d’Ivoire, the climate variability and environmental change phenomena are perceived and described by the population. A qualitative approach with historical and comparative analysis tools are used in this study to focus on the perceptions of the populations through indicators of both climate variability and environmental changes. It also analyses the major challenges the population will face, which are mainly related to alteration in farming practices and seasons, loss of production, and extension of the lean period, the risk of food insecurity and conflicts related to the exploitation and the distribution of water resources; and mostly, to the lack of information- educationcommunication on the phenomenon. On the whole, although the study brings out an awareness about climate variability and environmental changes, it especially show the need for emergent multidimensional actions for effective response strategies to the changes observed in the area.
The Impact Of The Internet On Albanian Teenagers
Authors: Lila Bukurie
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study is to look at the social impact that the internet has on the teenagers of "Arben Broci" school in Tirana. The study looks at the activities that teenagers engage themselves in on the internet, the hours they spend there, and the social influence that these activities have on them. By interviewing 100 people of different ages, some of which were interviewed in the high school, “Arben Broci” in Tirana, we have gathered qualitative and quantitative data through the use of a questionnaire. After the study, we concluded that the internet has both positive as well as negative impacts on socially isolated adolescents. We have seen that adolescents engage themselves in online chats through which they exchange data and information with people they do not know. This puts them at risk. In majority of the cases, they meet people whom they do not know their motives. The risk of child exposure to pornography and exploitation has increased along with the rise in internet use. The global nature of the internet also increases the child’s risk of meeting a predator. According to Wolfe & Higgings (2008), more attention has been given to online solicitation of sex from children. The positive social impact of the internet is that it creates an environment where teens can seek information needed for educational purposes. The study concludes that parents, teachers, and the government must be aware of the social impact of the internet on the lives of adolescents. Therefore, they must work together to minimize the harmful impacts of the internet on socially isolated students.
The Reality Of The Controversy Surrounding The Concept Of Meaning In Semantics
Authors: Mhute Isaac
Published: March 2016

This is a close analysis of the reality of the controversy surrounding the concept of meaning in semantics. Focus was basically placed on whether the so called failure to explain and disagreements on what meaning really is do exist or not. The paper assesses the so called failures of some of the popular theories explaining what meaning is in a bid to find out the truth of the matter. The paper characterises the failure or disagreement as a myth rather than a reality. It argues that there is generally not even a single one of the theories that is irrelevant as they all look at meaning from various angles and shed some very useful light on what meaning is. It is only that people tend to expect an all encompassing theory that does it all which has since proved very difficult considering the vastness of the ground covered by the concept. It suggests that people consider the theories as efforts focussing on different areas of the same aspect due to the fact that their respective proponents belong to different schools of thought.
European Union as a Leader in Climate Change Policy: Assessing Europe’s Roles in the World∗
Authors: Ugur Omer , Dogan Kadir Caner , Aksoy Metin
Published: March 2016

The European Union has grown up in terms of influence and size in international politics. The size of its economy and the ever-increasing membership, have seen its ambitions grow meaning that the EU now has an international presence it did not have at its formation. It is easy to say that with the EU being an ambitious actor in international politics, the rise into prominence of climate change naturally came in handy for the EU as it provided an opportunity for the EU to assert itself and prove both its capacity and presence. The 1992 Rio Earth Summit and the withdrawal of the USA from the obligations of the Kyoto came as a blessing in disguise for the Union as it seized the moment to assert itself. Thus, in trying to understand what role the EU has or is playing in international climate change politics, there is need to assess its leadership claims and what it has done to prove these claims. To get there, the paper will navigate through a part of the discipline of International Relations (IR) to understand how it provides for a basis to explain or understand the EU’s limitations and strengths on actorness.
Conception Of Innovated System For Waste Disposal
Authors: Spisak Jan , Nascak Dusan , Cuchtova Daniela
Published: March 2016

Every year wastes are becoming a bigger problem which every individual or government must take note and solve it on the fly. If certain energy standards are fulfilled, the waste recovery in incineration plants or similar technological devices is possible. This measure should lead to more efficient waste combustion and its energy recovery. In our conditions, this can be achieved so that the heat generated during combustion will be also used to generate electricity respectively thermal energy. For a more efficient and optimal waste treatment was proposed a three-stage combustion system concept.
Determinación De Áreas De Inundación En El Municipio De Chia- Colombia Mediante Hec-Ras En La Cuenca Baja Del Río Frio
Authors: Peña-Guzmán Carlos , Alvarino Natalia , Mora Constanza , Mesa Duvan
Published: March 2016

The phenomenon La Niña caused flooding in Colombia during 2010 and 2011, especially in the upper basin of the Bogota River, this natural risk has produced major property damage and a decrease in socio-economic conditions in major urban and rural centers. For that reason, this paper presents a determination of the floodplain of the lower basin of the Rio Frio in the urban area of Chia Colombia by HEC RAS. The model allowed to determine the maximum water levels reached on the floodplain of the Rio Frio as it passes through the urban area of Chia, for return periods of rainfall of 2.33, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. Finally recommendations for the planning of the municipality in terms of these areas found are made.
Planificación Y Preparación Para La Gestión Sustentable De Riesgos Y Crisis En El Turismo Mexicano. Estudio Piloto En Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua
Authors: González Herrera Manuel Ramón , Lerma Legarreta José Manuel
Published: March 2016

Tourism is a sector vulnerable to different types of risks and crises caused by multiple and diverse events, which occur in different space-time dimensions. The aim of the paper is to analyze -in Mexican tourism- the planning and preparation process for the sustainable and integrated management of risk and crisis and implementing them through participatory construction of crisis management plan caused by insecurity. A detailed literature review and analysis of regulations was conducted; also interviews with specialists, researchers, academic professionals and managers were developed; case analysis; systematization of secondary data; and group work with three focus groups, developed through a pilot study and in-depth interviews to fill information gaps. As result, the contextualization of the study object and the analysis of the institutional foundations for risk and crisis management is presented; according to such references, the plan for crisis management of tourism in Ciudad Juarez was built in a participatory way. For this purpose, the model of the 4 "R" was used, which is based on the case of crises caused by unsafe situations. It includes a justification, the situation assessment by social perception of the problem, and strategic projection based on the participatory integration of the components of tourism planning.
Assessment Of Adaptability And Stability Of Six Tunisian Cereal Genotypes Under Rainfed Conditions And At Two Semi Arid Environments
Authors: Ayed Sourour , Othmani Afef , Chaieb Nadia , Bechrif Salah , Rezgui Mounir , Younes Mongi Ben
Published: March 2016

Three durum wheat (Nasr, Maâli and Salim), two bread wheat (Tahent and Utique) and two barley varieties (Manel and Kounouz) were assessed in two different semi arid locations under rainfed conditions in 2012-2013 growing season for yield related traits performances, stability and adaptability parameters. For determining adaptability and stability of genotypes, regression coefficient (bi) and variance of deviation from regression (S²di) are used. The evaluation was based on five agro-morphological traits: tiller number/plant, spike number/m2, plant number/m2, 1000 kernel weight and grain number/ spike. Variance analysis indicated a highly significant (p<0.05) effect of locations and genotypes for all studied traits. Also, the interaction between the genotypes and environments found to be highly significant (p<0.001) for all studied traits except the tiller number/plant. Analysis of stability showed that there were differences in stability performances among the genotypes for the traits tested. The unstability for spike number/m², plant number/m 2, 1000kernel weight and grain number/spike among the genotypes was originated from the high mean squares of deviation from regression. Analysis of AMMI model showed that Principal Components (PC) Analysis indicated that the two PCs explained 78.17% (PC1 = 41.51% and PC2 = 36.66%) of the total variation. Results showed that the group of genotypes Nasr, Tahent, Kounouz and Manel having wide adaptability and could be recommended for cultivation across diverse environments.
Irrigation And Risk Of Saline Pollution. Example: Groundwater Of Annaba Plain (North East Of Algeria)
Authors: Samia Halimi , Fethi Baali , Nacer Kherici , El moncef Zairi , Saad Bouhsina
Published: March 2016

In the Annaba plain (Northeast of Algeria), the anthropogenic activities have imposed serious unfavorable impacts on hydraulic, hydrochemical and biological balances that influence the socio-economic future of this area. A hydrochemical analysis was performed in 29 wells distributed over the whole of the plain region during the period of high water (December 2013) to assess the quality of groundwater for its suitability for irrigation. Several parameters were analyzed such as pH, TDS, Ca +2, Mg +2, Na+ , K+ , HCO3 - , Cl- and SO4 - . Analysis of results suggests that groundwater in the study area has the same qualities; however the observed degradation reflects a change in the water quality, and the SAR values vary from 0.08 to 16 with an average of 1.3. The US salinity laboratory, Wilcox, and percentage Na+ it suggest that the majority of groundwater samples are not good for irrigation.
Biofuel From Cow Tallow: A Case Study
Authors: Abdulrahman Ribwar K , Zangana Mohammed H , Ali Jafar A , Aziz Rebwar Ibrahim , Karem Rawaz M , Hussain Balen M.
Published: March 2016

The global demand for energy in recent decade has been dramatic. Indeed, several oil and gas reservoirs around the world are depleted every day. Moreover, the fossil fuels for example, petroleum emitted huge quantities of toxic gases to the environment. Therefore, the passive environmental consequences of fossil fuels and the bother about fossil fuel supplies have encouraged the investigation for renewable biofuels. Thus, this work is objective to produce a biodiesel fuel from residual cow tallow that produced every day at Koya city slaughterhouse. The Koya slaughterhouse cow tallow may consider low cost renewable feed stock to produce biodiesel. Furthermore, the study has examined various process parameters for example, catalyst amount and alcohol amount as well on fuel production yield. The produced biodiesel is also subjected into several tests for instance, density and cetane number.
Renal Chronic Disease And Management Of It`S Complications
Authors: Duli Marsida , Dika Qamil , Bushati Matilda
Published: March 2016

Chronic kidney disease is recognized as a major health problem. Numbers of prevalent SRK patients will continue to rise, reflecting the growing elderly population and increasing numbers of patients with diabetes and hypertension. As numbers of SRK patients increase, primary care practitioners will be confronted with management of the complex medical problems unique to patients with chronic renal impairment. As well documented in the literature, the nephrologist rarely manages the medical needs of SRK patients until renal replacement therapy is required. The most frequent complications associated with SRK: anemia, hyperlipidemia, nutrition, osteodystrophy, and cardiovascular risk. Patients with SRK present several complex management issues to health care providers. The staging system introduced by the National Kidney Foundation is a significant accomplishment, which stratifies patients according to disease severity. In addition, the guidelines are an excellent tool for management of SRK and dialysis patients and recommend treatments according to disease stage. These interventions may reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients. With early identification and treatment of anemia, renal osteodystrophy, uremia, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, primary care physicians and nephrologists together are making significant strides toward extending and improving the lives of patients with chronic renal disease.
The Effect of Subtenons Lidocaine on Emergence Agitation after General Anesthesia in Pediatric Strabismus Surgery
Authors: L Agolli. , B Shuteriqi.
Published: March 2016

Objectives: To study the effect of subtenon lidocaine injection at the end of intervention on the post-operative emergence agitation in pediatric strabismus surgery under general anesthesia with sevofluran. Material: We studied 191 children patients undergoing muscle surgery for strabismus from 2-6 years old. Children were (prospectively) randomized to one of the four groups. These groups include: A –Group Sevofluran fentanyl; B –Group sevoflurane fentanyl, Subtenon lidocaine injection; C – Group Propofol, fentanyl, sevofluran; and D – Group Propofol, fentanyl, Sevoflurane, Subtenon lidocaine injection. In the beginning of the induction of anesthesia, children received dexametasone and metoclopropamide. At the end of the surgery, children received either lidocaine (2%) or normal saline (1ml) into the subtenons space. This was conducted on the recovery room using five scoring scale. These scale include: 1- the child makes eye contact, 2- Purposeful response after repeated stimuli, 3 – the child is aware of the surrounding environment, 4- severe restlessness, and 5 – The child is inconsolable. The degree of emergence agitation was observed. Furthermore, the score 4 and 5 was considered as an emergence agitation. Results: There are no differences regarding age and weight. The incidence of emergence agitation was significantly lower in the groups which were receiving subtenon lidocaine compared with saline group injections (p< 0.05). Conclusions: A lidocaine injection into subtenon space reduces the emergence agitation after general anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery.
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension And Hyperlipidemia Among Students And Employees In University Of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Altemani Abdullah
Published: March 2016

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common but chronic condition that can cause death, and is seen as a substantial source of disability and health costs. A balance between prevention and intervention, as is the case with other infectious diseases, is the best way to stem the increasing burden of CVD. Objective: This study assesses the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in students and employees in a sample from the University of Tabuk. Methods: A crosssectional study was done in 2015, with 120 employees and students at the University of Tabuk (in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia), for those over age 20 (60 males and 60 females) from different facilities and departments at the university. Findings: Blood testing was done with 120 participants to assess the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia at the University of Tabuk, in which the prevalence is actually higher than in most cities of Saudi Arabia. Ten percent of participants are hyperglycemic and 10% are developing problems in that area, with no significant difference between males and females. The overall percent of abnormal cholesterol levels is 17.5%. The mean total cholesterol level for female participants is significantly higher than that of males (160.1 vs. 157.3, p < 0.047). Conclusion: This information shows that cardiovascular risk factors will influence those with major health disorders in the future. Consequently, a nationwide campaign encouraging wholesome eating, better lifestyles, as well as physical activity, is a healthcare priority.
Syndrome D’aniridie Associé À La Dermatite Atopique: À Propos D’un Cas
Authors: Kaka H.Y Abba , L. Salissou , A. Amza , M. Daou
Published: March 2016

Aniridia syndrome is a genetic anomaly affecting all ocular structures; it is transmitted by an autosomal dominant mode. In its isolated form aniridia is characterized by a hypoplasia of the iris frequently associated with other ocular anomalies. It the syndromic form it is associated to other systemic abnormalities. Authors are here reporting a case of aniridia associating: a corneal pannus, total aniridia, lens ectopia, and cataract found in a 14 years old girl. She also presented an atopic background with a positive family history of atopia. She is issued from a first degree consanguineous marriage. The management was multidisciplinary. In ophthalmology she underwent an intra-capsular extraction of the lens in both eyes with no intra-ocular lens implantation. Dermatological management was treatment of cuteanous lesions with emollients, corticoids and antihistamines drugs and ointments.
Comportamiento de la mastitis bovina y su impacto económico en algunos hatos de la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Germán
Published: March 2016

Se describe la caracterización de la mastitis en diez hatos representativos de la Sabana de Bogotá, enfocándose al estudio del problema durante dos años de visitas bimensuales. Se realizaron diferentes tipos de pruebas de campo y de laboratorio: manejo del hato en general, registros de producción, California Mastitis Test (CMT), Cultivos bacteriológicos en medios Agar sangre, Agar Mac Conkey, Agar Sabouraud, recuento de células somáticas, en 644 vacas y 2576 cuartos con visitas bimensuales lo que arrojó un total de 7866 observaciones en vacas y 31464 observaciones en cuartos durante el estudio. Complementario al estudio se llevó a cabo un seguimiento semanal durante tres meses, en un grupo de 30 vacas en tres fincas con ordeño manual para determinar el efecto de la infección sobre la producción de leche por cuarto, mediante la utilización de un balde ideado por el autor. Los resultados sugieren un mayor efecto de la infección en hatos con ordeño mecánico donde se encontró un 61,2% de infección en vacas y un 30% de infección subclínica por cuartos y un 4,7 % de cuartos con mastitis clínica. En ordeño manual la infección fue de 48% en vacas, 23,6% en cuartos y 3,6% de casos de cuartos con mastitis clínica. Se encontró una correlación del 91 % entre el CMT y el recuento de células somáticas lo que concuerda con los resultados de otros investigadores. En relación a los diferentes microorganismos aislados, se encontró como dominante el Streptococcus agalactiae en ordeño manual y Staphylococcus aureus en ordeño mecánico y se descartó la posibilidad de encontrar microorganismos coliformes como causales de mastitis durante el estudio. Referente al efecto de la infección sobre la producción se registraron pérdidas hasta de cinco litros diarios por vaca afectada tomando como indicador el CMT y el pesaje de la leche. También se pudo definir una disminución de la producción por cuarto de: 0,42; 0,90; 1,47; y 2,40 litros cuando se referenciaban a las lecturas de Trazas, 1, 2, 3 del CMT y se utilizaba el balde diseñado para este estudio. Se revisaron algunos limitantes económicos y sociales para mejorar el estatus de la enfermedad en los hatos.
Reporte de un caso clínico Técnica quirúrgica combinada de omentalización y drenaje transabdominal múltiple en un paciente canino con abscesos prostáticos
Authors: Echeverry Bonilla Diego Fernando , Buriticá Gaviria Edwin Fernando
Published: March 2016

Se expone el caso clínico de un paciente canino mestizo de 7 años de edad, que fue presentado a consulta médica en la clínica de Pequeños Animales de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad del Tolima, por presentar un cuadro clínico consistente en: polaquiuria, disuria, tenesmo, fiebre, pérdida ponderal. La información obtenida a partir de la anamnesis, examen físico y estudios paraclínicos permitieron diagnosticar abscesos prostáticos, el tratamiento quirúrgico consistió en aplicar la combinación de dos técnicas quirúrgicas, la técnica de drenaje múltiple con dren de penrose mas omentalización.
Miopía, alteración visual en habitantes de Bogotá y Cundinamarca
Authors: Rubio Rincón Gina Sorel , Amaya Perozzo Claudia Xiomara
Published: March 2016

Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia de la miopía en dos instituciones médicas de Bogotá y tres de Cundinamarca durante marzo de 2006 y febrero de 2007, a través de una investigación descriptiva. Materiales y métodos: se examinaron 813 pacientes, de bajos estratos socioeconómicos y principalmente afiliados al régimen subsidiado en salud, que asistieron a la consulta de optometría de los Hospitales Rafael Uribe Uribe, Centro Médico San Camilo de Bogotá, Hospitales El Salvador de Ubaté, San Rafael de Girardot y Mario Gaitán Yanguas de Soacha, de Cundinamarca; mediante valoración optométrica y previa estandarización de la prueba, se recolectó la información en bases de datos SPSS 15.0, determinando aquellas refracciones para ambos ojos, que tuvieran esferas negativas y cilindros menores o iguales a su tercera parte. Resultados: se advirtió que la prevalencia de la miopía fue 17,5% (20/114) en el grupo de 54 - 71 años seguido por el grupo de 18 – 35 años en 16% (24/150). E igualmente la prevalencia por sexo fue en un 10,3% (53/515) en mujeres y en 9,1% (27/298) en hombres. Conclusiones: la miopía se presenta principalmente en personas adultas en edad económicamente productiva, lo que refleja la importancia del diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportuno de la misma por presentar una prevalencia media y significativas alteraciones visuales en la población.
CARACTERIZACIÓN FÚNGICA EN EL ARCHIVO HISTÓRICO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Velandia David Hernández , Valiente Esteban López , Lizarazo Forero Luz Marina
Published: March 2016

Las esporas fúngicas se consideran componentes ambientales de espacios cerrados y muchas de ellas son responsables de causar biodeterioro de libros y material audiovisual. Para la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC) es muy importante la conservación de los bienes culturales del archivo histórico, por tal razón, en este trabajo identificamos hasta géneros comunidades de hongos presentes en el medio ambiente y en los documentos. La metodología utilizada para detectar las esporas, fue la sedimentación en placa con Agar papa dextrosa, a fin de obtener una estimación cualitativa de la presencia de hongos en los ambientes. Además se realizó el raspado de los libros afectados. La temperatura y humedad relativa se determinaron durante cada muestreo. El hongoPenicillium sp. (46,1%) fue el género más frecuentemente aislado de los sitios de muestreo marcados A y B, y de los libros de la muestra. Otros géneros aislados fueron Mucor sp., (16,9%), Aspergillus sp., (10,8%) y Chaetomiun sp. (7,7%).
Palabras claves: Biodeterioro, mohos, levaduras, archivo histórico
MODELO MATEMÁTICO PARA LA ESTIMACIÓN DEL CAMPO RADIANTE EN REACTORES FOTOCATÁLICOS
Authors: Mueses Miguel Ángel , Machuca Martínez Fiderman
Published: March 2016

En este trabajo se propone un nuevo enfoque para la estimación del campo radiante en reactores fotocatalíticos heterogéneos. El modelo de campo de radiación efectiva se desarrolló a partir de las ecuaciones constitutivas para laemisión y absorción de energía. El nuevo modelo contempla cinco componentes para el balance de energía de radiación: i) El flujo neto de energía en el volumen υ a través de la superficie α en el sistema. ii) La energía total es absorbida porlas partículas del catalizador. iii) La pérdida de energía es por dispersión. iv) La ganancia de energía es por dispersión (se necesita una función de fase de la energía dispersada) y el flujo neto de energía en el volumen se da a travésde la superficie del reactor. El modelo es una función unidimensional integrodiferencial en términos de una variable arbitraria χ adimensional, donde α (χ) es el área de superficie del reactor, κυ, συ son los coeficientes medios de absorción volumétrica y la dispersión, respectivamente. El modelo fueutilizado para la simulación del campo de radiación, con el modelo Six Flux (para un reactor CPC y TiO2-P25). Permite obtener buenos resultados y es más rápido que la solución rigurosa de la ecuación de campo radiante
Palabras clave: Fotocatálisis, modelamiento, modelo de absorción, modelo de emisión, velocidad volumétrica de absorción de energía.
SÍNTESIS SOL-GEL DE DIÓXIDO DE TITANIO PARA EL PROCESO DE FOTODEGRADACIÓN
Authors: Cipagauta Díaz Sandra , Gómez Romero José Ricardo , Tzompantzi Morales Francisco Javier , Hernández Gordillo Agileo , Rojas Sarmiento Hugo Alfonso
Published: March 2016

Para este trabajo se sintetizaron materiales nanoestructurados de dióxido de titanio por el método Sol-Gel, a baja temperatura. El pH de gelación se fijó en 3 (TiO2-a) y 9 (TiO2-b), se calcinaron a 500 °C, con el fin de estudiar lainfluencia del pH en las propiedades electrónicas, ópticas y estructurales en el proceso de fotodegradación.Los resultados indican que los semiconductores poseen tamaños de partículas entre 7 y 10 nm. Las áreas superficiales específicas de los materiales, determinadas por el método BET, son: 80 m2/g TiO2-a y 61 m2/g TiO2-b, muy superiores a la obtenida con la titania Degussa P25 (50 m2/g). La espectroscopia UV-vis de reflectancia difusa se utilizó para determinar la distancia energética entre bandas(Egp) de los materiales, teniendo el siguiente orden: Egp (TiO2-a) < Egp (TiO2-b) < Egp (Degusa P25). Los DRX sugieren que los materiales son principalmente faseanatasa. La imagen de TEM muestra que el TiO2-a presenta un menor tamaño de partículas (5 nm) en comparación con el otro semiconductor. La actividad fotocatalítica se probó en la degradación de 4-nitrofenol (4NP). La mineralización del contaminante hasta el 98% (TOC), se obtuvo con la muestra de TiO2-a, exhibiendo la más alta fotoactividad.
Palabras clave: Dióxido de titanio, fotocatálisis, 4-nitrofenol, mineralización, síntesis Sol-Gel.
Islam Kontemporer: Antara Reformasi Dan Revolusi Peradaban
Authors: Sulhan Ahmad
Published: March 2016

The 19th and 20th centuries were periods for main transformation in Muslim history: periods of degradation and conquest, independence and revolution, renaissance and reform. Toward the 19th century, world power moved from Muslim world to Europe. It was remarked by emerging power of British, France, Spain, Russia, Netherlands, Italy and Portuguese. They dominated Muslim societies in Asia, Africa, and Middle East in economic, military, politic and ideological aspects. Muslim societies’ responses to Europe domination were diverse from rejection and confrontation to emigration and non-cooperative attitudes of traditional Muslim. They planned reform, reconstructed Islamic thinking and beliefs, reformed theology and Islamic law, and emphasized Muslim’s self-esteem significance, unity and solidarity in facing cultural threats and Europe colonialism. However, not few secular Muslims and reformers, were proud and greatly imitated Europe civilization and cultures. They did secularization that ended khalifah system in order to reconstruct Muslim societies.
Menilai Kompetensi Al-Mâturîdî Di Bidang Tafsir Al-Qur’an
Authors: Rofiq Ahmad Choirul
Published: March 2016

Al-Mâturîdî has expertise in various Islamic sciences. In the Qur’anic exegesis, he has Ta’wîlât Ahl al-Sunnah or Ta’wîlât al-Qur’ân. This paper is going to explain the methodology of al-Mâturîdî’s exegesis. He clearly favors to combine the naqlî and ‘aqlî sources. Therefore, it can be identified as tafsîr bi al-izdiwâj (the exegesis which amalgamates tafsîr bi al-ma’tsûr with tafsîr bi al-ra’y). He is not an excessive commentator in using grammatical analysis to interpret the Qur’anic verses. He sometimes presents many styles of qirâ’ah (recitation of the Qur’an) without thorough elucidation. He almost never takes Isrâ’îliyyât (the Judeo-Christian traditions and tales) to interpret the Qur’anic verses. He prefers tawassuth (nonaligned and independent standpoint) when dealing with many different viewpoints among the theologians. He tends to follow the Hanafite school of thought in discussing the jurisprudential Qur’anic verses. He usually uses asbâb al-nuzûl (the causes of revelation) slackly.
Academic Anxiety among Reserved & Non-Reserved Category Senior Secondary School Students of Jammu Division
Authors: Siddiqui Mohd Abid , Rehman Atieq Ul
Published: March 2016

Background: Indian society constitutes minorities, schedule castes, schedule tribes, and other backward communities. In order to uplift them through different policies and plans Government of India in consultation with Jammu and Kashmir Government had kept them in reserved (SC,ST,OBC,RBA,ALC) & non-reserved (General/Open) category. Does students belonging to reserved & non-reserved category differ in terms of their academic anxiety has motivated the researcher to approach this problem.

Aim: The main objectives of the study were to find out the relationship between academic anxiety, intelligence and study habits of total sample groups and sub-groups. To explore category (reserved & non-reserved) and gender (male & female) differences in academic anxiety, intelligence and study habits of total sample groups and sub-groups and to find out significance of difference in the mean scores of academic anxiety among all comparative groups under study.

Method: A sample of 537 students including 329 reserved categories and 208 non-reserved category students aged between 14-18 years were selected through stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected by administering self-constructed Academic Anxiety Scale bearing dependable validity and reliability, Standardised Group Test of Intelligence by DR. G.C. Ahuja. (2009) and Study Habits Inventory by DR. Lajwanti., N.P.S. Chandel., & A. Paliwal. (2013).

Results: Academic anxiety was correlated with intelligence and study habits of total sample groups and sub-groups under study. On an average students belonging to non-reserved category were higher in academic anxiety scores but were possessing better study habits than reserved categories students. In terms of academic anxiety’s mean score differences among all comparative groups under study, only reserved categories females were suffering more from academic anxiety than reserved categories males sample.

Conclusion: More research on psychological health of reserved & non-reserved categories students especially in their socio-cultural and political context is needed so as to evolve effective and practical preventive measures.
Lake water levels for calibration of the S-HYPE model
Authors: Lindström Göran
Published: March 2016

Lake water levels are easy to measure, and can be seen as a transformation of discharge. Water level measurements from 42 lakes in Sweden were analysed, and eight of these lakes were modelled using the Swedish S-HYPE model. The objective was to test if a hydrological model can be calibrated using water level data instead of discharge. A semi-analytical lake routing was developed to resolve fast variations in water levels in small lakes. Seven tests were made in which data were sampled from real observations and the model was calibrated to each data set. It was found that water levels are useful for calibration of hydrological models, even without measuring discharge and establishing a traditional rating curve. The exponent in the rating curve equation could be set to 2 as a standard value. Approximate rating curves can be identified by model calibration. The results were improved considerably already when only four observed water levels were used (mean NSE = 0.88 for both water levels and discharge), compared to the general model (−1.44 and 0.76, respectively). Calibration of both the rating curve and the inflow gave nearly as good discharge simulations (mean NSE = 0.92) as traditional calibration using recorded discharge (0.93).
Effect of Malate-oligosaccharide Solution on Antioxidant Capacity of Endurance Athletes
Authors: Qiang Fu
Published: March 2016

L-malate is an important intermediate on the process of metabolism; it plays an important role in generating mitochondria ATP both under aerobic and hypoxic condition. It is easy to be absorbed and come into mitochondrion through cell membrane and promote to produce energy in mitochondrion. The purpose of this investigation is to probe into the different influence malate ingestion on blood lactate and glucose kinetics during aerobic exercise athletes; at the same time, rats were used to study the effect of malate and oligosaccharide solution on the metabolism in muscle and liver. The supplement of malate-oligosaccharide solution may improve the level of antioxidants in vivo after exercise, and subsequently increase the total antioxidant capacity and decrease the level of lipid peroxidation. At the appropriate time sports drinks can add varying degrees of motion to extend time to fatigue enhance athletic ability, speed up the recovery process after exercise, reduce fatigue.
The Reasearch on the Anti-Fatigue Effect of Whey Protein Powder in Basketball Training
Authors: Ronghui Sun
Published: March 2016

In order to observe the effects of whey protein powder on hematological indexes of players majoring in physical education in the basketball training, the authors divided the players randomly into a control group and a nutrition group. Athletes complete the 30 minutes quantitative exercise using cycle ergometer respectively before the trial and after one month trial. Then we exsanguinated immediately after exercise, extracted heparin and measured hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume and other hematological indices. The results showed that after taking whey protein powder, the HB, RBC, HCT of nutrition group was significantly higher that the control group. This suggests that in high-intensity training, taking whey protein powder can cause changes of HB, RBC and HCT in human body, meanwhile MCV essentially the same. So whey protein powder can improve exercise capacity, and has anti-fatigue effect.
Experimental Studies on Cohesion of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer for Reinforcement of Bridge Deck Slabs
Authors: Shuai Tian , Tianlai Yu , Yunpeng Zhao , Weimin Guo , Haisheng Li
Published: March 2016

Bridge deck slabs reinforced by carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) are subjected to a number of problems related to cohesion, such as slippage, disengaging, and debonding. In order to address such problems, we conducted indoor shear, stretching, and debonding tests, analysed the change rule of cohesion in these three different environments, and determined the optimum construction technique for improving the cohesion of CFRP. We found that to obtain acceptable shear strength, manufactured sand should be spread on the surface of the impregnating resin adhesive. Soaking, freeze thawing, and wheel grinding processes affected the tensile strength of the interface, which was related linearly to the shear strength of the interface. Following wheel grinding on an asphalt surface at high temperatures, the test value for the bearing-debonding capacity on a test slab was unchanged, and the effectiveness of the CFRP was still apparent. The influence of high-temperature wheel grinding can be ignored. This study can serve as a reference for the design of reinforced bridge deck slabs.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Activation Attenuates Platelet Aggregation and Thrombosis
Authors: Cameron-Vendrig Alison , Reheman Adili , Siraj M. Ahsan , Xu Xiaohong Ruby , Wang Yiming , Lei Xi , Afroze Talat , Shikatani Eric , El-Mounayri Omar , Noyan Hossein , Weissleder Ralph , Ni Heyu , Husain Mansoor
Published: March 2016

Short-term studies in subjects with diabetes receiving glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)–targeted therapies have suggested a reduced number of cardiovascular events. The mechanisms underlying this unexpectedly rapid effect are not known. We cloned full-length GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) mRNA from a human megakaryocyte cell line (MEG-01), and found expression levels of GLP-1Rs in MEG-01 cells to be higher than those in the human lung but lower than in the human pancreas. Incubation with GLP-1 and the GLP-1R agonist exenatide elicited a cAMP response in MEG-01 cells, and exenatide significantly inhibited thrombin-, ADP-, and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Incubation with exenatide also inhibited thrombus formation under flow conditions in ex vivo perfusion chambers using human and mouse whole blood. In a mouse cremaster artery laser injury model, a single intravenous injection of exenatide inhibited thrombus formation in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic mice in vivo. Thrombus formation was greater in mice transplanted with bone marrow lacking a functional GLP-1R (Glp1r−/−), compared with those receiving wild-type bone marrow. Although antithrombotic effects of exenatide were partly lost in mice transplanted with bone marrow from Glp1r−/− mice, they were undetectable in mice with a genetic deficiency of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. The inhibition of platelet function and the prevention of thrombus formation by GLP-1R agonists represent potential mechanisms for reduced atherothrombotic events.
Retinoic Acid Mediates Visceral-Specific Adipogenic Defects of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Takeda Kosuke , Sriram Sandhya , Chan Xin Hui Derryn , Ong Wee Kiat , Yeo Chia Rou , Tan Betty , Lee Seung-Ah , Kong Kien Voon , Hoon Shawn , Jiang Hongfeng , Yuen Jason J. , Perumal Jayakumar , Agrawal Madhur , Vaz Candida , So Jimmy , Shabbir Asim , Blaner William S. , Olivo Malini , Han Weiping , Tanavde Vivek , Toh Sue-Anne , Sugii Shigeki
Published: March 2016

Increased visceral fat, rather than subcutaneous fat, during the onset of obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic diseases. The inherent adipogenic properties of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from visceral depots are compromised compared with those of ASCs from subcutaneous depots, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Using ontological analysis of global gene expression studies, we demonstrate that many genes involved in retinoic acid (RA) synthesis or regulated by RA are differentially expressed in human tissues and ASCs from subcutaneous and visceral fat. The endogenous level of RA is higher in visceral ASCs; this is associated with upregulation of the RA synthesis gene through the visceral-specific developmental factor WT1. Excessive RA-mediated activity impedes the adipogenic capability of ASCs at early but not late stages of adipogenesis, which can be reversed by antagonism of RA receptors or knockdown of WT1. Our results reveal the developmental origin of adipocytic properties and the pathophysiological contributions of visceral fat depots.
An approach to the analysis of observability and controllability in nonlinear systems via linear methods
Authors: Zhirabok Alexey , Shumsky Alexey
Published: March 2016

The paper is devoted to the problem of observability and controllability analysis in nonlinear dynamic systems. Both continuous- and discrete-time systems described by nonlinear differential or difference equations, respectively, are considered. A new approach is developed to solve this problem whose features include (i) consideration of systems with non-differentiable nonlinearities and (ii) the use of relatively simple linear methods which may be supported by existing programming systems, e.g.,Matlab. Sufficient conditions are given for nonlinear unobservability/uncontrollability analysis. To apply these conditions, one isolates the linear part of the system which is checked to be unobservable/uncontrollable and, if the answer is positive, it is examined whether or not existing nonlinear terms violate the unobservability/uncontrollability property.
Bayesian reliability models of Weibull systems: State of the art
Authors: Zaidi Abdelaziz , Ould Bouamama Belkacem , Tagina Moncef
Published: March 2016

In the reliability modeling field, we sometimes encounter systems with uncertain structures, and the use of fault trees and reliability diagrams is not possible. To overcome this problem, Bayesian approaches offer a considerable efficiency in this context. This paper introduces recent contributions in the field of reliability modeling with the Bayesian network approach. Bayesian reliability models are applied to systems with Weibull distribution of failure. To achieve the formulation of the reliability model, Bayesian estimation of Weibull parameters and the model’s goodness-of-fit are evoked. The advantages of this modelling approach are presented in the case of systems with an unknown reliability structure, those with a common cause of failures and redundant ones. Finally, we raise the issue of the use of BNs in the fault diagnosis area.