bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Residual dentin thickness of root canal transportation by various metallurgical rotary systems: An in vitro study
Authors: Sobh Yasmin Tawfik Mohamed , Ragab Mai Hamdy
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Numerous nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary systems have been released on the market with noncutting tips, various cross sections, and production techniques. This research was carried out to assess the quantity of remaining dentin thickness of mandibular first molar root canal at 3, 6, and 9 mm far from the anatomic peak that prepared through contemporary rotating systems with different metallurgical properties with a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

In this investigation, 45 human mandibular first molars that had been extracted were employed. Teeth were accordingly divided into three main groups through the NiTi rotary system that was utilized in canal instrumentation (15 teeth each), such that all ranges of curvatures were equally represented in each group – Group A: EdgeFile X3 rotating system, Group B: ProTaper Next (PTN) rotating system, and Group C: ProTaper (PT) rotating system. The samples were scanned before and after instrumentation using CBCT, and by deducing the instrumented canals from the uninstrumented counterpart, the remaining dentin thickness for each root canal is calculated at three levels of each root (3, 6, and 9 mm away from the root end). Data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

A significantly higher mean value was scored in PT, followed by PTN, and the lowest value was found in X3 of canal transportation at the level of 3 mm (P < 0.001), whereas at the 6- and 9-mm levels, there was no substantial difference statistically through the levels.

Conclusion:

The EdgeFile X3 showed the lowest canal transportation at a 3-mm level from the apex in comparison to the other tested files.
Vital pulp therapies versus conventional endodontics for the treatment of mature teeth with pulp inflammation: A systematic review
Authors: Martínez-Salas Constanza , Bucchi Cristina
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

To compare the effectiveness of vital pulp therapies (pulpotomy and direct pulp capping) with that of conventional endodontics for the treatment of mature teeth with pulp inflammation and to analyze which pulp capping material is more effective for the treatment of mature teeth with pulp inflammation.

Materials and Methods:

A bibliographic search of electronic databases (PUBMED, COCHRANE LIBRARY, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, and SciELo) was conducted. The inclusion criteria were comparative studies in patients who underwent conventional endodontic and vital pulp therapy in mature teeth with pulp inflammation and comparative studies comparing Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) versus calcium hydroxide as direct pulp capping materials in mature teeth with pulp inflammation. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB2 or ROBINS-I.

Results:

Eight clinical trials were included, all of which had a high risk of bias. The data analysis showed that pulpotomy has similar clinical success rates to conventional endodontics. No studies comparing conventional endodontics versus direct pulp capping were found. MTA has better clinical results than calcium hydroxide as a direct pulp capping material.

Conclusion:

Vital pulp therapies are a valid alternative for the treatment of mature teeth with pulp inflammation. There is a need for more clinical trials with longer follow-up time and which consider other variables related to the characteristics of the patient and the tooth.
Dental undergraduate students’ perception of the endodontic specialty
Authors: AlMaslamani Manal J. , AlNajar Inshirah J. , Alqedra Raeda A. , ElHaddad Malak
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the perception and understanding of the endodontic specialty among dental students and newly graduated dentists at Ajman University/College of Dentistry. It also examined their satisfaction with preclinical training, the use of magnification in learning, and their interest in pursuing endodontics as a future career.

Materials and Methods:

A structured questionnaire with 20 multiple-choice questions was distributed to 540 dental students and interns. The questionnaire assessed participants’ satisfaction with preclinical training, confidence in treating patients, and the impact of magnification (specifically, dental operative microscope) on their learning experience. The survey also explored participants’ interest in pursuing endodontics as a career. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results:

The study found that the majority of participants expressed high confidence in diagnosing and treating endodontic cases (83.5%). Perception did not significantly differ based on gender, level of study, teeth treated, or the experience of the supervising instructor (P < 0.00).

Conclusion:

Overall, Ajman University dental students and interns showed satisfactory perception of the endodontic specialty. The study highlights the importance of modifying the undergraduate dental curriculum to provide more preclinical training on extracted teeth, with a focus on working length determination and radiograph taking. These changes can help reduce stress associated with endodontic procedures, improve treatment outcomes, and enhance patient satisfaction.
Reciprocation and rotation nickel-titanium file systems’ cyclic fatigue and centering ability in premolars accessed by ultraconservative and traditional access cavities: An in vitro study
Authors: Aldury Lubna Abdulwahab , Ali Ahmed Hamid , Mannocci Francesco
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

With the importance of restricted access cavities, this study aimed to compare the cyclic fatigue and the centering ability of TruNatomy rotary file versus R-motion reciprocating file systems in premolars accessed by traditional versus ultraconservative access cavity preparations.

Materials and Methods:

Forty extracted intact maxillary first premolars were divided into two groups (n = 20/group) according to the access cavity design (traditional or ultraconservative). Each group was then subdivided according to the type of file used for instrumentation (TruNatomy [26/0.04] or R-motion [30/0.04] [n = 10 teeth/subgroup]). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained for all the teeth before and after instrumentation. The teeth were accessed and instrumented by three in-and-out pecking motions repeated two times until the instrument reached the working length. Every instrument was only used to prepare one canal. For cyclic fatigue assessment, the used files, in addition to 10 brand-new TruNatomy and R-motion files that were used as control groups, were tested in stainless-steel artificial canals, and the time to fracture was used to determine the number of cycles to fracture (NCF). After obtaining and analyzing the before and after instrumentation CBCT images, the centering ability of the buccal roots was calculated at 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apex. Data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

There were no differences in NCF and centering ability of each file in both access cavities (P > 0.05). There were higher NCF values of the R-motion file compared to the TruNatomy file (P < 0.05). The R-motion file showed significantly higher centering than the TruNatomy file in the traditional access cavity at the 3 and 5 mm levels and the 3 mm level in the ultraconservative access cavity (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The R-motion file had significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance and centering ability than the TruNatomy file. The ultraconservative access cavity had no unfavorable influence on the cyclic fatigue resistance and the centering ability of R-motion and TruNatomy files.
Evaluation of levels of salivary alpha-amylase stress biomarker in symptomatic and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis patients: A clinico-biochemical study
Authors: Halkai Kiran. R. , Halkai Rahul S. , Nisarga D. R. , Shankar Kumar
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Since pulpal pain causes distress to patients, therefore, evaluation of salivary alpha amylase (SAA) which is a stress biomarker in such cases helps evaluate the degree of stress; therefore, the present study aims to estimate SAA levels as stress biomarkers in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-five individuals were included in the study and obtained informed written consent. Patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis were selected based on history and clinical and radiographic examination, and participants were further separated into three groups (n = 15) such as Group 1: healthy individuals with no history of pulpal pain, Group 2: patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, and Group 3: patients with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected using the spit method, and SAA levels were estimated after centrifugation of saliva samples using a colorimetric method known as the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. The intensity of color change was measured using a spectrophotometer at 540 nm for estimating SAA levels. The collected data were later subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison tests (P ≤ 0.05).

Results:

Group 2 showed the highest values followed by Group 3 and least in Group 1. Multiple comparisons between the groups using post hoc Tukey’s test showed a significant difference between all the groups.

Conclusion:

A direct correlation was found between SAA levels and the severity of pulpal diseases indicating the highest stress in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis compared to asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis and least in individuals with no pulp disease.
Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation and fracture resistance of endodontically retreated teeth using hyflex remover, Mtwo, and ProTaper retreatment file systems: An in vitro study
Authors: Singh Isha , Sinha Dakshita Joy , Sharma Pallavi , Bedi Kunal , Rani Priyanka , Vats Swapnil
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

One of the important factors contributing to the success of nonsurgical endodontic retreatment is the efficient removal of the obturating material from the root canal space. However, the fracture resistance of the tooth is likely to be affected by this procedure. Therefore, the study envisages assessing residual filling material in the root canals and the tooth’s resistance to fracture postretreatment using different retreatment files.

Materials and Methods:

Ninety extracted mandibular premolars with one root and a single canal were decoronated, followed by chemo-mechanical preparation, and thereafter, using the lateral compaction method, root canals were obturated. The samples were divided into three groups (n = 30) in accordance with retreatment file systems, namely Hyflex Remover, Mtwo, and ProTaper. All three groups were subjected to the cone-beam computed tomography evaluation to assess remnants of obturating material inside the canals postretreatment, and the same samples were further assessed for fracture resistance, respectively. The collected data were evaluated using the statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc Bonferroni tests.

Results:

There were significant differences in the volume of residual filling among the tested groups in the cervical thirds (P < 0.05). The HyFlex remover file showed the highest fracture resistance (427.30 ± 33.53 N), followed by the Mtwo R (396.90 ± 27.17 N) and ProTaper R (378.50 ± 36.82 N).

Conclusion:

All the tested nickel-titanium retreatment files performed satisfactorily. Hyflex remover left the least amount of filling material in the cervical third and displayed the highest fracture resistance among the respective groups.
Cross-sectional survey of resin-modified glass ionomer as dental restoration in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almutairi Mashhour Abdullah , Saad Amr , Mahmoud El Homossany , Abuzenada Bassem
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGI) were developed to improve the properties of glass ionomer cement.

Aim:

The objective is to assess the knowledge of dentists in Saudi Arabia about properties, uses, and manipulation of resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI).

Materials and Methods:

An online questionnaire of 13 close-ended questions was disseminated on the internet. The survey investigated the preference for usage, cavity treatment, and both dentists' and patients' expectations.

Results and Discussion:

One hundred and thirty dentists have participated; and more than 99% are using RMGI occasionally with specific cases. The most common clinical use was found to be in cases of root caries and as a temporary filling material (84.6% and 61.5%, respectively). The most noticeable advantage was the fluoride release. However, the most undesirable disadvantage was the inferior esthetic compared to composite resin. It has also shown an average expectation regarding the retention, wear resistance, contouring, handling, and esthetics.

Conclusion:

Dentists had a good knowledge about the fluoride release ability of RMGI; however, most of the participating dentists were concerned about the esthetic and the handling of RMGI, and rarely use dentin conditioning and adhesive before RMGI placement.
Bartonellosis in maxillofacial region
Authors: Blagova Bistra , Markov Daniel , Sаrbianova Nia
Published: September 2024

Cat-scratch disease (CSD) manifests as a painful regional lymphadenopathy that occurs after a cat scratch or bites transmitted by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. The diagnosis is made by biopsy or puncture of the affected lymph nodes, which must undergo histopathology, serology, or polymerase chain reaction. An 18-year-old woman presented with progressive, painful, right submandibular adenomegaly in the absence of systemic symptoms. She denied the previous contact with cats or any other animals. A computed tomography scan of the cervix showed nodular images corresponding to the affected lymph nodes. The patient underwent a lymph node biopsy, which suggested CSD as the primary diagnosis. The biopsy does not reveal specific diagnoses. B. henselae was confirmed serologically. This case illustrates a typical evolution of CSD in which a patient is affected by subacute lymphadenopathy, but with no epidemiological history. The only certain diagnostic mean was the positive serology of Bartonella. Good general condition, despite pronounced adenomegaly without signs of toxemia, is characteristic of CSD. The lack of more accurate laboratory tests, the difficulty in culturing the pathogen, and the need for histopathology prevent the rapid diagnosis of CSD and contribute to the nonrecognition of this disease. B. henselae testing should be considered when monitoring lymphadenopathy, especially if there is subacute evolution, as in the presented case.
Interdisciplinary approach of orthognathic surgery and prosthodontics for the treatment of jaw discrepancies
Authors: Sharka Rayan , Alamar Mohammed , Alhaider Yousef , Albakri Fahad , Ezzat Yousef
Published: September 2024

Nonsurgical orthodontic treatment is a choice for many cases of teeth malalignment, especially with the advances in orthodontic treatment. However, orthognathic surgery is sometimes recommended in cases with severe malocclusion, in patients with congenital disabilities, to treat patients with sleep apnea and for adding spaces for dental implants. Besides, it can be considered in patients with esthetic issues that need prosthodontic and restorative work. This paper aimed to show how involving a proper treatment plan using orthognathic surgery when patients required prosthodontic reconstruction maximized results and patient satisfaction compared with prosthetic reconstructions alone or with nonsurgical orthodontic treatment. The authors reported that four patients required prosthetic treatment. Each case had its own set of unique circumstances and challenges. The report showed the difference in treating these cases using nonsurgical orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery. Orthognathic surgery was indicated for the last reported case, showing a successful treatment and the patient reporting a high satisfaction level. Orthognathic surgery fastens and maximizes the result and satisfaction of cases with severe jaw discrepancies compared to prosthodontics alone or with nonsurgical orthodontic treatment. However, a proper treatment plan and work in a multidisciplinary team are required.
Psychosocial effects of COVID-19 pandemic on dental patients
Authors: Mawardi Hani , Zahran Mohammed , Sabbahi Dania , Dakhil Siraj , Elbadawi Lena , Eshky Rawah , Pathan Danish
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The spread of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has been increasing exponentially with significant impact on every aspect of people's lives. Dentists in particular are at a greater risk of disease contraction since majority of the procedures are based on direct contact with patients.

Aim:

This study attempted to understand the attitude of patients seeking dental treatment during the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, self-administered survey which included validated questions on (1) sociodemographic information of participants; (2) participants' basic knowledge on COVID-19; and (3) the willingness and mindset of participants to pursuit dental treatment during, and after the curfew period. Data were collected and statistically analyzed for significance.

Results and Discussion:

A total of 904 residents from 25 countries. Participants who, or their family members, experienced dental complaints during the curfew period were able to manage via in-office emergency visit, using over counter medication, tele-dentistry or following friends' advice. In total, 48% (433/904) stated to likely seek dental treatment (if needed) with local curfew lifting and 50.4% (456/904) were likely to wait for more than 4 weeks before visiting the dentist. In total, 70% of participants reported sufficient social distancing and wearing masks by the dental staff would address their concerns during dental treatments.

Conclusion:

Personal financial conditions, lack of awareness, and fear of contracting COVI-19 were identified as important influencing factors for the general public to return for professional dental care. Future, long-term studies to better understand the psychosocial effects of the current pandemic on individuals should be considered.
Hearing impairment in patients with oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Das Somadatta
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition of the oral cavity. The pathological changes in OSMF often affect mucosa, submucosa, and underlying muscles in the oral cavity and pharynx. The pathological changes of the tubal and para-tubal muscles can affect the function of the Eustachian tube. The Eustachian tube dysfunction in OSMF often may result in hearing impairment.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate the effect of OSMF on Eustachian tube function resulting in hearing impairment.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective study was carried out at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Eastern India from June 2019 to July 2021. There were 68 patients with OSMF enrolled in this study by simple random sampling. In this study, 68 patients (136 ears) suffering from OSMF with hearing impairment or fullness/blockage feeling in the ear who participated in this study. The clinical profile of these patients was worked out by taking a detailed history and clinical examination. All the patients underwent audiological evaluation with pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry.

Results and Discussion:

Out of 68 patients, 42 (61.76%) were male and 26 (38.23%) were female with a male-to-female ratio of 1.61:1. The age ranges of the patients who participated in this study were between 18 years and 65 years. Pure-tone audiometry showed normal hearing in 86 (63.24%) ears, mild conductive hearing loss in 31 (22.79%) ears, moderate conductive hearing loss in 14 (10.29%) ears, and sensorineural hearing loss in 5 (3.68%) ears.

Conclusion:

The Eustachian tube may be blocked by the effect of the OSMF and result in hearing loss. Hence, while treating OSMF, hearing impairment in OSMF has to be kept in mind.
Aquaporins in oral health and disease: A narrative review
Authors: Chatterjee Shailja
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Aquaporins (AQPs) are constituted by a water-channel protein family that is distributed among different tissues. Its expression has been shown to have a significant correlation with the aggressiveness of tumors as well as prognosis.

Aim:

The current narrative review aimed to highlight the role of AQPs in maintaining homeostasis in cellular functioning and their expressions in diseased states and other conditions.

Methods:

A search was performed after entering Boolean operators with words such as “AQPs” AND “Oral health.” Research papers or systematic reviews which were published in PubMed indexed or those with Medline citations and within the past 10 years were included in the study.

Results:

A total of forty articles were selected during the initial screening of search engines, of which 37 articles were included in the review, while three papers were excluded, of which 1 was nonpeer reviewed and two papers did not fulfill selected inclusion criteria.

Discussion:

AQPs are important intramembranous transportation channels that play a significant role in both physiological and pathological conditions of the orofacial complex. The present review provides an overview of the pathophysiology involving AQPs that can help scientists to design treatment therapeutics for various disease conditions.
Serological estimation of values for urea, uric acid, and creatinine as a prognostic marker in oral submucous fibrosis patients: An institutional clinic-biochemical study
Authors: Mehrotra Vishal , Garg Kriti , Srivastava Rahul , Aslam Shazia , Kiran Jyoti , Rai Vinayak
Published: September 2024

Background:

The changes observed in the hematological/serological values and histopathological findings in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients may help in providing insight into the pathogenesis of this premalignant condition.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to estimate serum urea, uric acid, and creatinine in OSMF patients and compare them with habitual areca nut chewers and healthy controls and evaluate its potential as a prognostic marker in OSMF.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 150 patients were selected for the study and further categorized into Category I – included those subjects having OSMF, Category II – those subjects who had the habit of chewing betel nuts but had no features of OSMF, and Category III - comprised healthy controls with no habit history of chewing betel nut/tobacco. All variables from this study were analyzed by applying the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Chi-square test.

Results:

The results obtained from the present study showed statistically significant differences in serum urea, serum uric acid, and serum creatinine with various stages of OSMF.

Conclusion:

The serological estimation of urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels shows promise as a prognostic marker in OSMF patients. In the present study, elevated levels of these markers were associated with advanced disease stages and correlated positively with disease progression.
Endodontic management of four-rooted maxillary second molar diagnosed using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Saini Rashmi , Saini Vivek Kr
Published: September 2024

This article aims to focus on the brief knowledge about the anatomical and morphological variations of the root canal anatomy of the maxillary second molar. The present case report reveals the endodontic management of the four-rooted right maxillary second molar diagnosed with the help of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. The CBCT findings confirmed the presence of four roots (mesiobuccal, distobuccal, distopalatal, and mesiopalatal) and four root canals. This case report demonstrates the importance of CBCT which is a valuable tool for diagnosis and management of these complex root canal systems.
Comparative evaluation of the marginal fitness of vonlay nanoceramic hybrid restorations using different computer-aided imaging techniques
Authors: Salem Zaynab M. , Shakal Mahmoud Abd-Alsalam , El-Dessouky Radwa A.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the marginal fitness of vonlay nanoceramic hybrid restorations using different computer-aided imaging technique (an in-vitro study).

Materials and methods

Thirty 3D printed models of prepared premolar (no. 14) for vonlay restoration were fabricated using epoxy resin material and used for fabrication of thirty nanohybrid ceramic vonlays (Grandio Disc, VOCO). three groups (n = 10) of vonlays were fabricated using three different imaging technique: group 1: imaging of conventional impression of master die, group 2: imaging of stone master die and group 3: imaging of master die using chairside TRIOS Intraoral Scanners (3Shape). Vonlays were designed by using a CAD design software program (Exocad Dental CAD, Exocad. The vonlays were cemented over their corresponding dies with an automix dual cure adhesive cement system (Duo-Link universal resin cement, Bisco Inc.) under a static load by using custom made seating device. Digital microscope was used to measure the vertical marginal gap for each where a total of 120 measurements for the three groups (12 sites per vonlay and 10 vonlays per group) were evaluated. One-way analysis of variance test was used to analyze the results, Student sample t test was used to examine the marginal gap differences of each group and in the same group.

Results

A significant difference (P < 0.001) was found between the marginal gap values of the vonlay restoration fabricated by using different imaging technique. The smallest marginal gaps were obtained with vonlay fabricated using chairside intraoral scanners as compared with imaging of master die impression and stone master die. But there was no significant difference between the marginal gap measurements of different sides in the same group.

Conclusion

The smallest marginal gaps were obtained with vonlay fabricated using chairside intraoral scanners.
Efficacy of different chelating agents in smear layer removal
Authors: Elsamra Ahmed H. , Darrag Abeer M. , Ghoneim Walaa M.
Published: September 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 2.25% peracetic acid and 1% phytic acid (IP6) in removing smear layer from root canal system of human teeth using scanning electron microscopic analysis.

Materials and methods

Forty freshly extracted single canal human mandibular premolars with nearly straight mature fully developed roots were used in this study. Teeth were decoronated perpendicular to their long axises leaving roots ∼ 13 ± 1 mm. Chemomechanical preparation was done using ProTaper instrument in a crown down technique up to F4 master apical file (40/0.06) with irrigation of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite throughout instrumentation. Depending on the used final irrigation solution, the samples were divided randomly into four experimental groups (n = 10). Group I: 17% EDTA. Group II: 10% citric acid. Group III: 2.25% peracetic acid. Group IV: 1% phytic acid. The experimental time periods were 1 min. These samples were prepared and then observed by using scanning electron microscopic analysis for the absence or presence of smear layer, there by analyzing their cleaning effectiveness in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canal system.

Results

In intergroup comparison, there was no statistically significant difference among the four groups. In intragroup comparison, there was no statistically significant difference between coronal and middle thirds. However, there were statistically significant differences between apical third versus both coronal and middle thirds in all tested groups.

Conclusions

The four tested final irrigation solutions can effectively remove the smear layer from the coronal and middle root canal thirds, but they did not completely remove the smear layer at the apical one third.
Comparison of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjuvant to lignocaine with adrenaline in infiltration anesthesia in tympanoplasty: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mathur Veena , Kumar Pradeep , Mittal Sonam , Meena Deepika , Singh Maina , Patodi Veena
Published: September 2024

Background:

Recent trends in surgical practice involve using local anesthesia for procedures like middle ear tympanoplasty due to its benefits, but patients often experience discomfort. Researchers are investigating alpha-2 agonists like clonidine and dexmedetomidine to enhance pain relief. We conducted a double-blind study comparing dexmedetomidine and clonidine’s effectiveness in extending pain relief after tympanoplasty using local infiltration.

Aim and Objective:

In light of this context, we undertook a randomized, double-blind investigation to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and clonidine in extending the duration of pain relief via local infiltration for tympanoplasty.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted on total of 60 patients belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I and II scheduled for tympanoplasty under local anesthesia. All patients were divided into two groups: Group LC, received local infiltration with 12 mL of lignocaine (2%) with adrenaline (1:200,000) plus clonidine (1 μg/kg) and Group LD, received local infiltration with 12 mL of lignocaine (2%) with adrenaline (1:200,000) plus dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg).

Results:

Both the groups were comparable regarding demographic profile, perioperative hemodynamics, and total duration of surgery. Time of onset of analgesia was faster in Group LD (89.53 ± 5.54 vs. 94.17 ± 6.19 s) (P = 0.0034) and total duration of analgesia was also prolonged in Group LD (562.40 ± 24.82 vs. 332.30 ± 12.39 min) (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

We concluded that in comparison to clonidine, dexmedetomidine is more effective in terms of faster onset and prolongation of total duration of analgesia when used with local infiltration anesthesia.
Correlation between CD 34 and CD 68 expression in placental malaria with maternal anemia
Authors: Rustamadji Primariadewi , Takbir Muhammad , Wuyung Puspita Eka , Kusmardi Kusmardi , Wiyarta Elvan
Published: September 2024

Background:

Malaria is the second most life-threatening infectious disease in Indonesia, causing approximately 1–3 million deaths annually. Histopathologic studies assessing CD 68 and CD 34 protein expression in placental malaria and its association with maternal anemia are essential to determine the prognosis of malaria in pregnancy.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017. Thirty biopsy samples of human placental tissue were obtained from Timika and Sumba, and ten normal biopsy samples were taken from the Pathological Anatomy Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital as comparisons. CD 34 and CD 68 protein expressions were determined using immunohistochemistry, and the resulting data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:

Average hemoglobin (Hb) level was 9.5 mg/dL, 11.5 mg/dL, and 9.9 mg/dL in acute infection, chronic infection, and latent infection, respectively. A positive correlation was found between CD 68 protein expression and maternal Hb level. No correlation was found between CD34 expression and maternal anemia.

Conclusions:

CD 68 expression in placental tissue biopsy from Timika and Sumba residents with placental malaria was shown to be positively correlated with maternal anemia. Immunohistochemical examination of CD 68 may play a role in the early diagnosis of malaria.
Concomitant multiple subretinal cysticerci in neurocysticercosis
Authors: Chhabra Simran , Narang Subina , Bhattacharyya Anusuya , Kaur Ravinder
Published: September 2024

We present a unique case of asymptomatic NCC that was accidently diagnosed on radiological investigations after a road traffic accident. An Ophthalmologic consult was sought to rule out intraocular or optic nerve cysticercosis. Fundoscopy showed multiple white-pale yellow lesions in the right eye which on ultrasonography confirmed cyst lined by a cyst wall consistent with subretinal cysticercosis. The patient was treated with diode laser photocoagulation. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose NCCin endemic areas. In the right eye which on ultrasonography confirmed cyst lined by a cyst wall consistent with subretinal cysticercosis. The patient was treated with diode laser photocoagulation.
Ascaris suum – A zoonosis in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Agustina Kadek Karang , Wirawan I Made Ady , Sudarmaja I Made , Subrata I Made , Dharmawan Nyoman Sadra
Published: September 2024

Background:

Ascariasis is a common disease in humans and pigs. In previous reports, it has been known that ascariasis in humans is not only caused by Ascaris lumbricoides but also by Ascaris suum which is known to originate from pigs.

Aims and Objectives:

This research aims to identify the species of Ascaris that infect traditional pig farmers in Bali, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods:

To achieve this, an observational study was conducted, in which 239 feces samples were collected from traditional pig farmers. The collected samples were then divided into two parts, with one part stored in a pot containing 10% formalin for microscopic testing, and the other part stored in 70% ethanol for molecular testing. In cases where Ascaris infection was observed during the microscopic examination, a further test was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for molecular examination. The DNA derived from the PCR was then subjected to DNA sequencing.

Results:

The result was compared to A. suum gene data previously published in the Gene Bank. The results of the microscopic examination showed that 22 farmers were infected with Ascaris. However, PCR testing and DNA sequencing indicated that three infections were caused by A. suum.

Conclusion:

Therefore, it can be concluded that A. suum is a zoonosis in Bali. Thus, efforts to control ascariasis must pay attention to the presence of pigs around it. Handling of ascariasis is not only carried out in humans but also in pigs and the environment.
Sir U.N. Brahmachari and his battle against Kala-Azar
Authors: Saha Pabitra , Chaudhury Abhijit , Maji Ardhendu Kumar
Published: September 2024

Kala-azar or visceral leishmaniasis was at one time a scourge in the Bengal Presidency of British India comprising the present Indian states of Bengal, Bihar, Assam, and Odisha. The disease was rampant along the Ganga and Brahmaputra River adjoining areas. In the early 1900s, the treatment initiated was by the intravenous injection of tartar emetic, which had a narrow safety level and long-term use was marked with multiple side effects. In 1920, Upendranath Brahmachari discovered urea stibamine, which is the urea salt of para-amino phenyl stibnic acid and it revolutionized the treatment of Kala-azar with >90% cure rate and with minimal side effects. He is also credited with the description of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. He was conferred the knighthood of the British Empire as recognition of his important contribution. Although his name was twice nominated for Nobel Prize, unfortunately, he never received it.
Parafilm as an efficient transport matrix for corneal scrapings
Authors: Sharma Chayan , Khurana Sumeeta
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Acanthamoeba spp. are free-living parasites increasingly implicated in causing Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). AK is diagnosed by demonstration of parasites in corneal samples by direct microscopy, culture, and nucleic acid amplification. Most commonly, corneal scrapings are sent to the laboratory smeared between two glass slides. These scrapings are suitable for direct microscopy but less suitable for culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which, in turn, are more sensitive for the diagnosis of AK.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to explore better alternatives for transporting corneal scrapings from the point-of-care eye center to the concerned laboratories.

Materials and Methods:

The study used small Parafilm (Bemis Company Inc., USA) squares (PSs) of 1 cm each prepared by cutting Parafilm using a surgical blade under sterile conditions. Each of the four different dilutions of Acanthamoeba suspension (15, 30, 60, and 120 cells) was used in this study. Each dilution was added onto the surface of 36 PSs and kept at room temperature for 24-h, 48-h, and 72-h incubation. The PSs for one particular time point and dilution were used for calcofluor white staining, its inoculation onto the surface of nonnutrient agar having a lawn of Escherichia coli, and Acanthamoeba-specific PCR amplification. In addition, two PSs inoculated with 30 cells and incubated for 24 h and 72 h were used for scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results and Conclusion:

All three diagnostic techniques, i.e. microscopy, culture, and PCR, detected the presence of Acanthamoeba at all the tested concentrations and time points. However, the growth pattern on culture changed directly in proportion to increased incubation periods and increased concentration of inoculum. In addition, the adherence of Acanthamoeba to the Parafilm was confirmed by SEM; these results suggest the use of these PSs as a suitable matrix for the transport of corneal scrapings.
Clinical Guidelines of Patient-Centered Bladder Management of Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction due to Chronic Spinal Cord Injury - Part 2
Authors: Kao Yao-Lin , Chen Jian-Ting , Chen Sung-Lang , Shao I-Hung , Wang Chung-Cheng , Chiang I-Ni , Hsu Yu-Chao , Lee Kau-Han , Lee Wei-Chia , Yeh Ting-Chun , Kuo Yuh-Chen , Chiang Bing-Juin , Liao Chun-Hou , Chen Po-Cheng , Meng En , Lee Yung-Chin , Kuo Hann-Chorng
Published: September 2024

Bladder management of chronic spinal cord injured (SCI) patients usually starts with conservative treatment or minimally invasive procedures. This article reports the current evidence and expert opinions on the patient-centered bladder management of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) among patients with chronic SCI in Taiwan. We evaluated the role of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), cystostomy, medical treatment, and minimally invasive therapy for treating urinary incontinence and voiding dysfunction in patients with chronic SCI. The bladder management for chronic SCI patients should be individualized. A balance between upper urinary tract protection and life quality improvement should be considered. Hand dexterity, abdominal muscle power, bladder sensation, and degree of urethral sphincter dyssynergia might affect the improvement of voiding efficiency and NLUTD. Intradetrusor Botulinum Toxin Type A (BoNT-A) injection has been proven to effectively treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity in SCI patients. However, CIC is still required in some patients after treatment. The urethral sphincter BoNT-ABoNT-A injection can effectively relax the dyssynergic sphincter; however, exacerbation of urinary incontinence usually limits its application in SCI patients. Repeat BoNT-ABoNT-A injection is necessary to maintain the therapeutic efficacy; therefore, some SCI patients might discontinue the treatment and convert to a permanent bladder management by surgical intervention. Identification of high-risk SCI patients is important to prevent renal functional deterioration in those with chronic SCI-NLUTD. Avoiding renal function deterioration and improving the quality of life of SCI patients with NLUTD are the most important aspects of treatment. Annual active surveillance of bladder and renal function is necessary.
Predicting Preventive Behaviors against COVID-19
Authors: Bastami Fatemeh , Motlagh Soraya Nouraei , Rahimzadeh Seyedeh Faezeh , Almasian Mohammad , Zareban Iraj , Ebrahimzadeh Farzad
Published: September 2024

Background:

The purpose of this study was to use the health belief model (HBM) to predict the adoption of preventive behaviors against COVID-19 using the structural equation modeling approach.

Methods:

As a descriptive-analytical study, this research was conducted on 831 men and women who were under the coverage of comprehensive health service centers in the Lorestan province of Iran in 2021. A questionnaire based on HBM was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 22 and AMOS version 21.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 33.0 ± 8.5, with a range of 15–68 years. The constructs of the HBM explained about 31.7% of the variance in COVID-19-related preventive behaviors. The greatest total effect on preventive behaviors against the COVID-19 disease belonged to the constructs of perceived self-efficacy (0.370), perceived barriers (−0.294), and perceived benefits (0.270), in descending order of impact.

Conclusion:

Educational interventions can be useful in promoting COVID-19 preventive behaviors by bringing about a correct understanding of self-efficacy, barriers, and benefits.
Разделение переменных для систем Хитчина со структурной группой $\mathrm {SO}(4)$ на кривых рода $2$
Authors: Sheinman Oleg Karlovich
Published: September 2024

Наборы точек, задающие спектральные кривые, можно рассматривать как фазовые координаты систем Хитчина. Ставится задача нахождения траекторий систем Хитчина в этих координатах. Эта задача решается для систем со структурными группами $\mathrm {SO}(4)$ и $\mathrm {SL}(2)$ на кривых рода $2$. Метод решения - перенос прямолинейных обмоток с инвариантных торов, которые для систем Хитчина с простыми классическими структурными группами являются примианами спектральных кривых. Перенос осуществляется с помощью аналога обращения Якоби, которое для примианов, вообще говоря, не существует, но в рассматриваемых двух случаях может быть определено.
Two different mutational types of familial gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Two case reports
Authors: Wang Xiao-Ke , Shen Lu-Fan , Yang Xin , Su He , Wu Tao , Tao Peng-Xian , Lv Hong-Ying , Yao Tong-Han , Yi Lin , Gu Yuan-Hui
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and cases of GISTs tend to be of the disseminated type, with a global incidence of 10 to 15 cases/million each year. The rarer familial GISTs, which often represent a population, differ in screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Familial GISTs include primary familial GISTs with predominantly KIT/PDGFRA mutations and wild-type GISTs. However, whether the same genetic family has different phenotypes has not been reported.

CASE SUMMARY

We report two cases of rare GISTs in the same family: A male patient with the V561D mutation in exon 12 of the PDGFRA gene, who has been taking the targeted drug imatinib since undergoing surgery, and a female patient diagnosed with wild-type GIST, who has been taking imatinib for 3 years since undergoing surgery. The favorable prognosis of these patients during the 7-year follow-up period validates the accuracy of our treatment strategy, and we have refined the entire process of diagnosis and treatment of familial GISTs in order to better manage this rare familial disease.

CONCLUSION

Different mutation types of familial GISTs in the same family are very rare, thus it is very important to make the correct diagnosis and treatment strategies according to the results of molecular detection for the management of familial GISTs.
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF WOMEN’S DISEASES USING THE EXAMPLE OF MASTODYNON®
Authors: Гудкова А.А. , Сотникова Л.С.
Published: September 2024

В настоящем обзоре представлена характеристика растительного препарата Мастодинон®, сочетающего аллопатический и гомеопатический подходы к лечению гинекологических заболеваний. В состав препарата входит матричная настойка витекса священного (прутняка обыкновенного), а также настойки стеблелиста василистниковидного, цикламена европейского, лилии ланцетолистной, ириса разноцветного и чилибухи игнации в гомеопатических разведениях. Растительные компоненты препарата обладают синергичным действием, что подчеркивает обоснованность комбинированного подхода. Аллопатический компонент направлен на контроль патологического процесса, тогда как гомеопатические – на стимулирование восстановления организма и его возвращение в состояние устойчивого физиологического благополучия. В обзоре систематизированы имеющиеся в научной литературе данные о химическом составе, фармакологических свойствах и механизмах действия отдельных растительных компонентов, входящих в состав комплексного фитопрепарата Мастодинон®. Показаны возможности клинического применения препарата исходя из основных свойств растений, входящих в его состав.

This review presents the characteristics of the herbal preparation Mastodynon®, which combines allopathic and homeopathic approaches to the treatment of gynecological diseases. The composition of the drug includes a matrix tincture of Vitex agnus-castus, as well as tinctures of Caulophyllum thalictroides, Cyclamen europaeum, Lilium lancifolium, Iris versicolor and Strychnos ignatii in homeopathic dilutions. A detailed description of the herbal components of the drug emphasizes their synergy and the very logic of the combined approach. The allopathic component is aimed at controlling the pathological process, while the homeopathic component is aimed at stimulating the restoration of the body and its return to a state of stable physiological well-being. This review systematizes the data available in the scientific literature regarding the study of the chemical composition, pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action of individual plant components that make up the complex herbal medicine Mastodynon®. The possibilities of clinical use of the drug are shown based on the main properties of the plants included in its composition.
Single-Query Quantum Hidden Shift Attacks
Authors: Bonnetain Xavier , Schrottenloher André
Published: September 2024

Quantum attacks using superposition queries are known to break many classically secure modes of operation. While these attacks do not necessarily threaten the security of the modes themselves, since they rely on a strong adversary model, they help us to draw limits on their provable security.Typically these attacks use the structure of the mode (stream cipher, MAC or authenticated encryption scheme) to embed a period-finding problem, which can be solved with a dedicated quantum algorithm. The hidden period can be recovered with a few superposition queries (e.g., O(n) for Simon’s algorithm), leading to state or key-recovery attacks. However, this strategy breaks down if the period changes at each query, e.g., if it depends on a nonce.In this paper, we focus on this case and give dedicated state-recovery attacks on the authenticated encryption schemes Rocca, Rocca-S, Tiaoxin-346 and AEGIS- 128L. These attacks rely on a procedure to find a Boolean hidden shift with a single superposition query, which overcomes the change of nonce at each query. This approach has the drawback of a lower success probability, meaning multiple independent (and parallelizable) runs are needed.We stress that these attacks do not break any security claim of the authors, and do not threaten the schemes if the adversary only makes classical queries.