bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Electrode Structuring for Enhanced Battery Performance
Authors: Lee Dongkyoung
Published: October 2020

Currently, alternative energy sources are attracting attention owing to environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil fuels. Lithium-ion batteries have a light weight, high energy density, high power density, and long cycle life, making them attractive alternative energy sources. Numerous studies have been conducted on high-performance batteries. However, most studies have focused on improving active material characteristics. Thus, there is a lack of research on battery performance enhancement through the improvement of the battery manufacturing process. In this study, we performed electrode structuring using a nanosecond laser in the power range of 1 W to 19 W (2 W intervals). The geometric changes after laser structuring were observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the electrode geometries were classified and measured in terms of ablation width and depth. The aspect ratio, removal amount, and removal rate of the active material were analyzed after laser structuring. A maximum aspect ratio of 0.77 was achieved. Additionally, the removal amount and removal rate of the active material increased with the increase in laser power. Therefore, we concluded that electrode geometry can be controlled using a nanosecond laser.
Improving echographic monitoring of hemodynamics in critically ill patients: validation of right cardiac output measurements through the modified subcostal window
Authors: Fernández Laura Colinas , Martínez Gonzalo Hernández , Gandía María B. Serna , León Gaspar Tuero , Cuesta-Montero Pablo , Boy Rafael Cuena , Pereira Raúl Vicho
Published: October 2020

Background: The gold standard for echocardiographic monitoring of cardiac output in critically ill patients is measurements of the velocity-time integral (VTI) along the left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT). However, clinical circumstances such as severe aortic regurgitation or dynamic LVOT obstruction limit the use of LVOT VTI as a surrogate for stroke volume, and the transthoracic window is often unfeasible in mechanically ventilated patients. We aimed to assess the usefulness of using the right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT) VTI for echocardiographic monitoring of cardiac output. Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary intensive care unit. We used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to compare echocardiographic measurements of LVOT VTI through apical window with RVOT VTI through the parasternal and modified subcostal windows and to assess interobserver reproducibility. Preplanned post hoc analyses compared the ICC between ventilated and nonventilated patients. Results: At the time of echocardiography, 44 (44%) patients were mechanically ventilated and 28 (28%) were receiving vasoactive drugs. Good-quality measurements were obtained through the parasternal short-axis and/or apical views in 81 (81%) patients and in 100 (100%) patients through the subcostal window. Consistency with LVOT VTI was moderate for RVOT VTI measured from the modified subcostal view (ICC 0.727; 95%CI: 0.62–0.808) and for RVOT VTI measured from the transthoracic view (0.715; 95%CI: 0.59–0.807). Conclusions: Measurements of RVOT VTI are moderately consistent with measurements of LVOT VTI. Adding the modified subcostal window allows cardiac output to be monitored echocardiographically in practically all critically ill patients, even those under mechanical ventilation.
A case series of medically managed Candida Parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis and literature review
Authors: Guo Penghao , He Yuting , Fan Rui , Wu Zhongwen , Chen Yili , Huang Yuli , Liao Kang , Chen Peisong
Published: October 2020

Background: In recent years, Candida parapsilosis is recognized as a species complex and is composed of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis and Candida Parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is rare and the survival rate is still low despite of optimal therapeutic strategies. Our paper is the first to report cases as Candida Parapsilosis complex PVE. Case presentation: A series of 4 cases of Candida Parapsilosis complex PVE from our institution was reported. Three were infected by Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto and one was infected by Candida metapsilosis. The condition of two cases got better and the other died. Conclusions: More attention should be paid to Candida Parapsilosis complex PVE and early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic therapy may play a role in the treatment for Candida Parapsilosis complex PVE
Potential of Biochar Application to Mitigate Salinity Stress in Eggplant
Authors: Parkash Ved , Singh Sukhbir
Published: October 2020

Salinity stress is among the major abiotic stresses prevailing in arid and semiarid areas such as the southern high plains of the United States. In these areas, both declining quality of groundwater and cultivation practices have resulted in increased accumulation of salts in the root zone. The occurrence of excessive salts in the root zone is detrimental for plant growth and economic yield. Recently, biochar has received a great consideration as a soil amendment to mitigate the detrimental impacts of salinity stress. However, the effectiveness of biochar to mitigate the salinity stress depends on the feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature and time, soil type and properties, and plant species. Therefore, a pot experiment in a greenhouse was conducted to 1) examine the effects of salinity stress on physiology, shoot and root growth, and yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), and 2) evaluate the potential of hardwood biochar and softwood biochar to mitigate the damaging effects of salinity stress on eggplant. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three salinity levels of irrigation water [S0 (control, 0.04 dS·m−1), S1 (2 dS·m−1), and S2 (4 dS·m−1)] as main-plot factor and three biochar treatments [B0 (control, non-biochar), Bh (hardwood biochar), and Bs (softwood biochar)] as subplot factor with four replications. Results showed that stomatal conductance (gS) and photosynthesis rate decreased significantly, while leaf temperature and electrolyte leakage increased significantly with increase in irrigation water salinity levels. Root growth (root length density and root surface area density), shoot growth (plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area), and yield of eggplant declined with increase in levels of salinity stress. Biochar application helped to enhance gS and photosynthesis rate, and to decrease leaf temperature and electrolyte leakage in leaf tissues of plants. This resulted in better root growth, shoot growth, and fruit yield of eggplant in treatments amended with biochar than non-biochar (control) treatment. There was no significant difference in the effect of two types of biochars (hardwood and softwood biochar) on physiology, root growth, shoot growth, and yield of eggplant. Therefore, it can be concluded that softwood and hardwood biochars could be used to minimize the detrimental impacts of salinity stress in eggplant.
Plagioclase population dynamics and zoning in response to changes in temperature and pressure
Authors: Andrews Benjamin J.
Published: October 2020

Zoned plagioclase crystals are often interpreted as proxies for magmatic history because the mineral is present in most silicic magmas and has compositional sensitivity to magmatic conditions (pressure, temperature, and composition) with slow internal diffusion that preserves compositional zones. Changes in growth rates and crystal dissolution present challenges to quantitatively relating time to particular zoning patterns. The numerical model SNGPlag uses Rhyolite MELTS to determine the equilibrium phase assemblage and compositions for a user-defined magma composition experimentally determined instantaneous nucleation and growth rates, and reasonable dissolution rates to examine plagioclase crystallization and population dynamics through time. The model tracks the numbers, sizes, morphologies, and compositional zoning of plagioclase crystals through time in response to changes in pressure, temperature, and volume or mass inputs. Model results show that significant fractions of time are functionally missing from the crystal record because of effectively zero growth rates or erased from the record through dissolution; in some instances, those processes can together remove ≫50% of time from the crystal record. The results show that temperature- (or pressure-) cycling alone will not produce substantial compositional zoning but that the addition of new magma is required to grow complexly zoned phenocrysts. Comparison of the input pressure-temperature-time series with compositional transects shows that the crystal record is biased toward more recent intervals and periods of decreasing temperature (i.e., neither the peak temperatures nor intervals of prolonged, cool storage are favored). Crystallization (or dissolution during heating) acts to return magmas to near-equilibrium crystal fractions within hundreds of days.
Stable and transient isotopic trends in the crustal evolution of Zealandia Cordillera
Authors: Schwartz Joshua J. , Andico Solishia , Turnbull Rose E. , Klepeis Keith A. , Tulloch Andy J. , Kitajima Kouki , Valley John W.
Published: October 2020

We present >500 zircon δ18O and Lu-Hf isotope analyses on previously dated zircons to explore the interplay between spatial and temporal magmatic signals in Zealandia Cordillera. Our data cover ~8500 km2 of middle and lower crust in the Median Batholith (Fiordland segment of Zealandia Cordillera) where Mesozoic arc magmatism along the paleo-Pacific margin of Gondwana was focused along an ~100 km wide, arc-parallel zone. Our data reveal three spatially distinct isotope domains that we term the eastern, central, and western isotope domains. These domains parallel the Mesozoic arc-axis, and their boundaries are defined by major crustal-scale faults that were reactivated as ductile shear zones during the Early Cretaceous. The western isotope domain has homogenous, mantle-like δ 18O (Zrn) values of 5.8 ± 0.3‰ (2 St.dev.) and initial εHf (Zrn) values of +4.2 ± 1.0 (2 St.dev.). The eastern isotope domain is defined by isotopically low and homogenous δ18O (Zrn) values of 3.9 ± 0.2‰ and initial εHf values of +7.8 ± 0.6. The central isotope domain is characterized by transitional isotope values that display a strong E-W gradient with δ18O (Zrn) values rising from 4.6 to 5.9‰ and initial εHf values decreasing from +5.5 to +3.7. We find that the isotope architecture of the Median Batholith was in place before the initiation of Mesozoic arc magmatism and pre-dates Early Cretaceous contractional deformation and transpression. Our data show that Mesozoic pluton chemistry was controlled in part by long-lived, spatially distinct isotope domains that extend from the crust through to the upper mantle. Isotope differences between these domains are the result of the crustal architecture (an underthrusted low-δ18O source terrane) and a transient event beginning at ca. 129 Ma that primarily involved a depleted-mantle component contaminated by recycled trench sediments (10–20%). When data showing the temporal and spatial patterns of magmatism are integrated, we observe a pattern of decreasing crustal recycling of the low-δ18O source over time, which ultimately culminated in a mantle-controlled flare-up. Our data demonstrate that spatial and temporal signals are intimately linked, and when evaluated together they provide important insights into the crustal architecture and the role of both stable and transient arc magmatic trends in Cordilleran batholiths.
Probiti spektakl: o nekim paradoksima filmske slike
Authors: Pelc Adrian
Published: October 2020

Ovaj rad pokušava suočiti dvije radikalne struje promišljanja filmske slike. U prvom se koraku definira kako je unutar određenih marksističkih teorija (Jonathan Beller, Guy Debord, Jean Baudrillard) filmska slika na osnovi svog tehničkog podrijetla, ali i efekata koje proizvodi, određena kao fenomen ontološki utemeljen u otuđenju i destrukciji neposredne prisutnosti. U drugom se koraku demonstrira kako je André Bazin, potaknut fenomenologijom i polazeći od gotovo identičnih premisa kao i marksisti, uspostavio dijametralno suprotne zaključke: tek se na filmu uistinu razotkriva stvarno. Oslanjajući se na rad Jacquesa Rancièrea, Jean-Luca Nancyja i Giorgia Agambena, u trećem koraku nastojim izvesti svojevrsnu sintezu među navedenim pozicijama i ispitati kako spektakl ostaje sačuvan, ali i prevrednovan unutar režima filmskih slika. Oko tog prevrednovanja počinju se nazirati konture zahtjevnog estetičkog programa koji se donekle podudara s, ali i odudara od ustaljenih interpretacija filmskog postmodernizma.
Film kao mišljenje
Authors: Paić Žarko
Published: October 2020

U studijama o filmu pokazuje se prekretnim to što Deleuze sintetički povezuje rasklopljenu »bit« metafizike kao ontologije (bitak – bog – svijet – čovjek) s novim pristupom ne samo kretanju pojma, govoreći hegelovski, nego i mišljenju kao događaju. Isto još više vrijedi za razumijevanje onoga što traje u vremenu i stoga ima karakter misaone slike. Kako autor pokazuje u članku, Deleuze nju uspostavlja tako što mozak postaje ekran, a film iz sfere tzv. realiteta postaje virtualni kôd svijeta kao slike. Između koncepta i slike dokida se razlika kada slika više ne prethodi pojmu i kada pojam više ne prethodi slici. Koliko je ovaj obrat presudan za Deleuzeovo shvaćanje filma može se uočiti u izvedbi pojma događaja (événement). Slika i pojam odgovaraju singularnosti događaja. Problem s razumijevanjem Deleuzeove »ontologije slika« pokazuje da film ne možemo svesti na autonomnu proizvodnju kinematičkoga načina mišljenja ako prethodno ne razjasnimo što je to uopće pokret i kako nastaje slika. Film je u tom paradigmatskome slučaju ne samo »vizualni kôd« suvremene umjetnosti. Njegova se »bit« razotkriva u tome što omogućuje da slika-pokret i slika-vrijeme sintetički realiziraju mogućnosti tehnosfere kao: (1) računanja, (2) planiranja i (3) konstrukcije. Naposljetku, filmsko mišljenje koje Deleuze zagovara postaje pitanje o mogućnostima da film kao metafilm dosegne novu razinu filozofijskoga razmatranja onoga što postaje i nastaje novim sklopom odnosa između bitka i događaja.
MALDI-ToF Mass Spectra Phenomic Analysis for Human Disease Diagnosis Enabled by Cutting-Edge Data Processing Pipelines and Bioinformatics Tools
Authors: Pais Ricardo J. , Iles Ray K. , Zmuidinaite Raminta
Published: October 2020

Current methods for diagnosing human disease are still incapable of rapidly
and accurately screening for multiple diseases simultaneously on a large scale, and at an
affordable price. MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry is an ultra-sensitive, ultra-fast, lowcost,
high-throughput technology that has the potential to achieve this goal, allowing human
phenotype characterization and thus phenomic screening for multiple disease states.
In this review, we will discuss the main advances achieved so far, putting forward targeted
applications of MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry in the service of human disease detection.
This review focuses on the methodological workflow as MALDI-ToF data processing
for phenomic analysis, using state-of-the-art bioinformatic pipelines and software
tools. The role of mathematical modelling, machine learning, and artificial intelligence algorithms
for disease screening are considered. Moreover, we present some previously developed
tools for disease diagnostics and screening based on MALDI-ToF analysis. We
discuss the remaining challenges that are ahead when implementing MALDI-ToF into
clinical laboratories. Differentiating a standard profile from a single disease phenotype is
challenging, but the potential to simultaneously run multiple algorithm screens for different
disease phenotypes may only be limited by computing power once this initial hurdle
is overcome. The ability to explore the full potential of human clinical phenomics may
be closer than imagined; this review gives an insight into the benefits this technology
may reap for the future of clinical diagnostics.
Integrating LINCS Data to Evaluate Cancer Transcriptome Modifying Potential of Small-molecule Compounds for Drug Repositioning
Authors: Zhao Yachao , Liu Yang , Bai Hui
Published: October 2020

Background:

Conventional high-throughput chemical screens in conjunction with genome-wide gene expression
profiling proves to be successful in novel anti-cancer agent discovery and provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of action and off-target effects of single small-molecule compound. However, systematic evaluation on heterogeneous
transcriptional responses of different cancer cell types to thousands of independent perturbations in a bioinformatics way is
still limited.

Method:

Here, we introduce cancer transcriptome modifying potential (CTMP) which uses “Connectivity Score” to quantify
and compare the effects of approved antineoplastic drugs on transcriptionally restoring dysregulated (both up- and down-)
gene expressions at cancer state towards normal state. As a proof-of-concept, we applied this CTMP computational evaluation on > 10,000 small-molecule compounds using >200,000 Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures
(LINCS) expression profiles generated upon 4 different cancer cell lines. We screened and proposed a candidate list of cancer transcriptome modifying therapeutics (CTMTs), among which the approved on-market drugs are further validated using
GDSC drug sensitivity data, highlighting their potential to facilitate direct antineoplastic repositioning.

Results:

In total, we calculated CTMPs of 85 on-market antineoplastic drugs and ~15,000 small-molecule compounds using
253,813 transcriptomes across four cancer cell lines of lung, melanoma, prostate, and colon. Our results reveal that regardless of chemical structure and targeted proteins majority of approved antineoplastic drugs present significant bilateral
CTMPs across all 4 cancer cell lines. Bilateral CTMP-based systematic screen further indicates that candidate CTMTs are
limited and most notably cancer-type specific. In particular, for each cancer cell type we proposed 3~5 CTMTs that are approved drugs with potent sensitivity data to support development in antineoplastic indications.

Conclusion:

Our work establishes CTMP to evaluate the antineoplastic property of small-molecule compounds and suggests
CTMP-based systematic screen of cancer type-specific CTMTs as a feasible strategy in drug repositioning for precise anticancer purposes.
Identification of Novel Prognostic Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma using Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Ding Yi , Li Min , Tayier Tuersong , Chen Long , Feng ShuMei
Published: October 2020

Background:

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer
that is characterized by a complex pathogenesis. Only limited data are available on the primary
pathogenic genes and pathways in HNSCC.

Objective:

This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers of HNSCC and explore its underlying
mechanisms.

Methods:

We screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the Gene Expression
Omnibus(GEO) database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Reactome pathway enrichment were analyzed
using the STRING database. The protein-protein interaction network of the DEGs was
reconstructed using Cytoscape software in STRING. The ONCOMINE and UNLCAN databases
were used to identify the expression of hub genes. In addition, we employed UNLCAN to correlate
tumor grade with key genes.

Results:

Finally, the effect of hub genes on overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-
Meier method. In total, 22 DEGs were identified. These were related to the mitotic cell cycle,
mitotic G1-G1, and S phases, G2/M transition, NOTCH signaling, and regulation of TP53 activity.
Seven hub genes were screened with Cytoscape. Increased expression of five hub genes (AURKA,
BIRC5, MKI67, UBE2C, and TOP2A) was related to a higher tumor grade and worse OS.

Conclusion:

We have identified five key genes that may help us understand the carcinogenic
mechanisms related to the cell cycle in HNSCC. These genes may be used as biomarkers for
survival and treatment of HNSCC.
Electroacupuncture Ameliorates CUMS-induced Depression-like Behavior: Involvement of the Glutamatergic System and Apoptosis in Rats
Authors: Guo Qin , Lin Xian-Ming , Di Zhong , Zhang Quan-Ai , Jiang Shuo
Published: October 2020

Background:

Converging evidence indicates that the glutamatergic system and glia are
directly implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Clinical studies indicate that
electroacupuncture (EA) has anti-depressant-like effects with low side effects for depression.
However, the underlying antidepressant mechanism of acupuncture remains obscure.

Methods:

Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive rats were used to induce
depressive-like behavior and evaluated by the weight change, open field test, sucrose preference
test, and novelty suppressed feeding test. EA, NMDA receptor subunit 2A antagonist (NR2A RA)
or NMDA receptor subunit 2B antagonist (NR2B RA) was used for comparison. Highperformance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to detect the content of hippocampal
glutamate, while western blot was performed for the hippocampal protein expression levels of
calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), Bax, caspase 3 and B-cell lymphoma-2
(Bcl-2). The distribution of glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A (NR2A),
neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B (NR2B),
and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by immunofluorescence.

Results:

Significant depression behavior (reduced body weight and sucrose preference, increased
feeding and immobility time) was produced in CUMS-induced depressive rats, which was reversed
significantly by EA. EA decreased hippocampal glutamate level. EA led to a significant decrease
in expression levels of Bax, caspase 3, and CaMK II accompanied by increased Bcl-2 expression
levels. Furthermore, EA significantly increased NR2A expression level as well as decreased NR2B
expression level in the hippocampus.

Conclusion:

EA ameliorated depression-like behavior in CUMS rats, which might be mediated, at
least in part, by regulating the glutamate, NMDA receptors, and apoptosis in the hippocampus.
Noisless coding of SAW RFID tags
Authors: Chebachev V. O.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to SAW RFID systems. The time-position code of the RFID tags is considered. It is proposed to use ReedSolomon codes to increase the noise immunity of the system. The cost of noise immunity is the degradation of information capacity. The coding procedure is optimized for the case when receiving of tag codes is carried out in a correlation way. The procedure for obtaining code using the Matlab is described in detail. The decoding procedure for the RFID tag codes based on the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm is described. Such decoding procedure allows reading codes and correcting decoding errors in real time. A comparative analysis of the probability of a tag code reading error with using and without using the proposed coding in condition of a Gaussian channel for a fixed signal-to-noise ratio. The problem of a more general case of error-correcting coding in SAW RFID systems is viewed.
Highlighting Heritage:
Authors: Flynn Kara , Williams Marianne R.
Published: October 2020

In an effort to reach students in a new way and increase the visibility of library resources and services, a pop-up library program was piloted at the University of Arkansas in collaboration with the University of Arkansas’ Multicultural Center. This article discusses the planning, implementation, and outcomes of the program. The authors also offer changes they would pursue in future pop-up libraries to further enhance student engagement and relationship-building with both student groups and campus organizations.
Librarians Across Institutions: Establishing Outreach Programs
Authors: Rodriguez Class José F
Published: October 2020

The data used for this study was collected from Librarians Across Institutions: Establishing Outreach Programs, a study to gather data from academic outreach librarians across the United States to find what factors contribute to effective outreach programs. Conversely, the study also collects data on factors that hinder outreach programs. This study examines support for the most effective and least effective outreach programs carried out by outreach librarians in five support areas: support from other librarians, support from staff, support from faculty, support from students, and support from volunteers. The results collected from the survey contains data from 75 outreach librarians across the United States in 2020.The analysis was completed using dependent sample (t-tests) using Stata software V.16.1.

The target group was identified by the creation of a comprehensive list from LinkedIn profiles of academic librarians whose profiles contained outreach in their job title or had outreach experience listed on their profiles. The data shows there is a difference in support levels for library outreach programs of the most effective in contrast with the least effective programs. In the most effective programs’ category, (80%) of the respondents had librarian support and (60%) from the least effective programs had librarian support. The results also revealed that there were significant statistical differences in librarian, staff, and student support groups. In conclusion, results from the study suggest that outreach librarians are innovative and use communication and collaboration techniques to outsource support from librarians, staff, faculty, students, and volunteers to create effective outreach programs.
Supporting Student Wellness and Success through the LSU Libraries Relaxation Room
Authors: Morgan Randa
Published: October 2020

As students are increasingly overwhelmed with stress and anxiety, especially during exam weeks, it is important for libraries to demonstrate their impact on student wellness and success. While traditionally libraries have been focused on the educational aspects of student growth, it is important that as students’ needs have grown, libraries grow as well. One way LSU Libraries is doing this is through the creation of a Relaxation Room during exam weeks. The room not only helps provide outreach and engagement to students but it also helps with alleviating library anxiety as well as encouraging the idea of library as a place for community. By focusing on student’s needs, the library positions itself to be a community center on campus and a leader in helping to develop well-rounded students.
Table of Contents
Authors: Christensen Sarah
Published: October 2020

Table of contents.
Effects of Virtual Reality and Non–Virtual Reality Exercises on the Exercise Capacity and Concentration of Users in a Ski Exergame: Comparative Study
Authors: Ko Junho , Jang Seong-Wook , Lee Hyo Taek , Yun Han-Kyung , Kim Yoon Sang
Published: October 2020

Background

Recently, ski exergames have been gaining popularity due to the growing interest in health improvement. Conventional studies evaluating the effects of ski exergames only considered exercise capacity and overlooked concentration. Ski exergames consist of a motion platform for exercise and virtual reality (VR) content in the game. The VR content enhances the exercise capacity and concentration of the user by providing a challenging goal.

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of VR and non-VR exercises on the exercise capacity and concentration of users in a ski exergame.

Methods

To examine the effects of the VR content in ski exergames, we performed 2 experiments, non-VR exercise and VR exercise, where participants exercised on the motion platform. If a user performs an exercise without using any VR content, it is a non-VR exercise. Contrastingly, in the case of VR exercise, a user exercises according to the VR content (a downhill scenario). In addition to the range of motion (ROM) of the ankle and rated perceived exertion (RPE) to assess exercise capacity, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to assess users’ concentration.

Results

We evaluated the effects of the VR content by comparing the results obtained from VR and non-VR exercises. The ROM of the ankle with VR exercise was wider than that with non-VR exercise. Specifically, ROM of the ankle was 115.71° (SD 17.71°) and 78.50° (SD 20.43°) in VR exercise and non-VR exercise, respectively. The RPE difference between the 2 exercises was not statistically significant. The result of the sensorimotor rhythm waves (which are concentration-related EEG signals) was more favorable for VR exercise than non-VR exercise. The ratios of sensorimotor rhythm wave in EEG were 3.08% and 2.70% in the VR exercise and non-VR exercise, respectively.

Conclusions

According to the results of this experiment, higher exercise capability and concentration were achieved with the VR exercise compared with non-VR exercise. The observations confirm that VR content can enhance both exercise capability and concentration of the user. Thus, the ski exergames can be used effectively by those who, in general, do not like exercise but enjoy games.
Paradigm Shift Toward Digital Neuropsychology and High-Dimensional Neuropsychological Assessments: Review
Authors: Parsons Thomas , Duffield Tyler
Published: October 2020

Neuropsychologists in the digital age have increasing access to emerging technologies. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiatives for behavioral and social sciences have emphasized these developing scientific and technological potentials (eg, novel sensors) for augmented characterization of neurocognitive, behavioral, affective, and social processes. Perhaps these innovative technologies will lead to a paradigm shift from disintegrated and data-poor behavioral science to cohesive and data-rich science that permits improved translation from bench to bedside. The 4 main advances influencing the scientific priorities of a recent NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research strategic plan include the following: integration of neuroscience into behavioral and social sciences, transformational advances in measurement science, digital intervention platforms, and large-scale population cohorts and data integration. This paper reviews these opportunities for novel brain-behavior characterizations. Emphasis is placed on the increasing concern of neuropsychology with these topics and the need for development in these areas to maintain relevance as a scientific discipline and advance scientific developments. Furthermore, the effects of such advancements necessitate discussion and modification of training as well as ethical and legal mandates for neuropsychological research and praxes.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors for Intensive Care Unit Admission of Patients With COVID-19: Retrospective Study Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing (Preprint)
Authors: Izquierdo Jose Luis , Ancochea Julio ,   Savana COVID-19 Research Group, Soriano Joan B
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Many factors involved in the onset and clinical course of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are still unknown. Although big data analytics and artificial intelligence are widely used in the realms of health and medicine, researchers are only beginning to use these tools to explore the clinical characteristics and predictive factors of patients with COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

Our primary objectives are to describe the clinical characteristics and determine the factors that predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission of patients with COVID-19. Determining these factors using a well-defined population can increase our understanding of the real-world epidemiology of the disease.

METHODS

We used a combination of classic epidemiological methods, natural language processing (NLP), and machine learning (for predictive modeling) to analyze the electronic health records (EHRs) of patients with COVID-19. We explored the unstructured free text in the EHRs within the Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM) Health Care Network (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain) from the entire population with available EHRs (1,364,924 patients) from January 1 to March 29, 2020. We extracted related clinical information regarding diagnosis, progression, and outcome for all COVID-19 cases.

RESULTS

A total of 10,504 patients with a clinical or polymerase chain reaction–confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were identified; 5519 (52.5%) were male, with a mean age of 58.2 years (SD 19.7). Upon admission, the most common symptoms were cough, fever, and dyspnea; however, all three symptoms occurred in fewer than half of the cases. Overall, 6.1% (83/1353) of hospitalized patients required ICU admission. Using a machine-learning, data-driven algorithm, we identified that a combination of age, fever, and tachypnea was the most parsimonious predictor of ICU admission; patients younger than 56 years, without tachypnea, and temperature <39 degrees Celsius (or >39 ºC without respiratory crackles) were not admitted to the ICU. In contrast, patients with COVID-19 aged 40 to 79 years were likely to be admitted to the ICU if they had tachypnea and delayed their visit to the emergency department after being seen in primary care.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results show that a combination of easily obtainable clinical variables (age, fever, and tachypnea with or without respiratory crackles) predicts whether patients with COVID-19 will require ICU admission.
Carbohydrate Counting App Using Image Recognition for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Pilot Randomized Control Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Alfonsi Jeffrey E , Choi Elizabeth E Y , Arshad Taha , Sammott Stacie-Ann S , Pais Vanita , Nguyen Cynthia , Maguire Bryan R , Stinson Jennifer N , Palmert Mark R
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Carbohydrate counting is an important component of diabetes management, but it is challenging, often performed inaccurately, and can be a barrier to optimal diabetes management. iSpy is a novel mobile app that leverages machine learning to allow food identification through images and that was designed to assist youth with type 1 diabetes in counting carbohydrates.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to test the app's usability and potential impact on carbohydrate counting accuracy.

METHODS

Iterative usability testing (3 cycles) was conducted involving a total of 16 individuals aged 8.5-17.0 years with type 1 diabetes. Participants were provided a mobile device and asked to complete tasks using iSpy app features while thinking aloud. Errors were noted, acceptability was assessed, and refinement and retesting were performed across cycles. Subsequently, iSpy was evaluated in a pilot randomized controlled trial with 22 iSpy users and 22 usual care controls aged 10-17 years. Primary outcome was change in carbohydrate counting ability over 3 months. Secondary outcomes included levels of engagement and acceptability. Change in HbA1c level was also assessed.

RESULTS

Use of iSpy was associated with improved carbohydrate counting accuracy (total grams per meal, P=.008), reduced frequency of individual counting errors greater than 10 g (P=.047), and lower HbA1c levels (P=.03). Qualitative interviews and acceptability scale scores were positive. No major technical challenges were identified. Moreover, 43% (9/21) of iSpy participants were still engaged, with usage at least once every 2 weeks, at the end of the study.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results provide evidence of efficacy and high acceptability of a novel carbohydrate counting app, supporting the advancement of digital health apps for diabetes care among youth with type 1 diabetes. Further testing is needed, but iSpy may be a useful adjunct to traditional diabetes management.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04354142; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04354142
Adoption of a Personal Health Record in the Digital Age: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yousef Consuela Cheriece , Thomas Abin , Alenazi Ahmed O , Elgadi Sumaya , Abu Esba Laila Carolina , AlAzmi Aeshah , Alhameed Abrar Fahad , Hattan Ahmed , Almekhloof Saleh , AlShammary Mohammed A , Alanezi Nazzal Abdullah , Alhamdan Hani Solaiman , Eldegeir Manal , Abulezz Rayf , Khoshhal Sahal , Masala Clara Glynis , Ahmed Omaima
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

As health care organizations strive to improve health care access, quality, and costs, they have implemented patient-facing eHealth technologies such as personal health records to better engage patients in the management of their health. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, eHealth is also growing in accordance with Vision 2030 and its National Transformation Program framework, creating a roadmap for increased quality and efficiency of the health care system and supporting the goal of patient-centered care.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the adoption of the personal health record of the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA Care).

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in adults visiting outpatient clinics in hospitals at the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs hospitals in Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, Madinah, and Al Ahsa, and primary health care clinics in Riyadh and Qassim. The main outcome measure was self-reported use of MNGHA Care.

RESULTS

In the sample of 546 adult patients, 383 (70.1%) reported being users of MNGHA Care. MNGHA Care users were more likely to be younger (P<.001), high school or university educated (P<.001), employed (P<.001), have a chronic condition (P=.046), use the internet to search for health-related information (P<.001), and use health apps on their mobile phones (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study show that there is substantial interest for the use of MNGHA Care personal health record with 70% of participants self-reporting use. To confirm these findings, objective data from the portal usage logs are needed. Maximizing the potential of MNGHA Care supports patient engagement and is aligned with the national eHealth initiative to encourage the use of technology for high-quality, accessible patient-centered care. Future research should include health care provider perspectives, incorporate objective data, employ a mixed-methods approach, and use a theoretical framework.
Data Visualization for Chronic Neurological and Mental Health Condition Self-management: Systematic Review of User Perspectives (Preprint)
Authors: Polhemus Ashley , Novak Jan , Majid Shazmin , Simblett Sara , Morris Daniel , Bruce Stuart , Burke Patrick , Dockendorf Marissa F , Temesi Gergely , Wykes Til
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Remote measurement technologies (RMT) such as mobile health devices and apps are increasingly used by those living with chronic neurological and mental health conditions. RMT enables real-world data collection and regular feedback, providing users with insights about their own conditions. Data visualizations are an integral part of RMT, although little is known about visualization design preferences from the perspectives of those living with chronic conditions.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review was to explore the experiences and preferences of individuals with chronic neurological and mental health conditions on data visualizations derived from RMT to manage health.

METHODS

In this systematic review, we searched peer-reviewed literature and conference proceedings (PubMed, IEEE Xplore, EMBASE, Web of Science, Association for Computing Machinery Computer-Human Interface proceedings, and the Cochrane Library) for original papers published between January 2007 and September 2021 that reported perspectives on data visualization of people living with chronic neurological and mental health conditions. Two reviewers independently screened each abstract and full-text article, with disagreements resolved through discussion. Studies were critically appraised, and extracted data underwent thematic synthesis.

RESULTS

We identified 35 eligible publications from 31 studies representing 12 conditions. Coded data coalesced into 3 themes: desire for data visualization, impact of visualizations on condition management, and visualization design considerations. Data visualizations were viewed as an integral part of users’ experiences with RMT, impacting satisfaction and engagement. However, user preferences were diverse and often conflicting both between and within conditions.

CONCLUSIONS

When used effectively, data visualizations are valuable, engaging components of RMT. They can provide structure and insight, allowing individuals to manage their own health more effectively. However, visualizations are not “one-size-fits-all,” and it is important to engage with potential users during visualization design to understand when, how, and with whom the visualizations will be used to manage health.
Using Fitbit as an mHealth Intervention Tool to Promote Physical Activity: Potential Challenges and Solutions (Preprint)
Authors: Balbim Guilherme M , Marques Isabela G , Marquez David X , Patel Darshilmukesh , Sharp Lisa K , Kitsiou Spyros , Nyenhuis Sharmilee M
Published: October 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Consumer-based physical activity (PA) trackers, also known as wearables, are increasingly being used in research studies as intervention or measurement tools. One of the most popular and widely used brands of PA trackers is Fitbit. Since the release of the first Fitbit in 2009, hundreds of experimental studies have used Fitbit devices to facilitate PA self-monitoring and behavior change via goal setting and feedback tools. Fitbit’s ability to capture large volumes of PA and physiological data in real time creates enormous opportunities for researchers. At the same time, however, it introduces a number of challenges (eg, technological, operational, logistical), most of which are not sufficiently described in study publications. Currently, there are no technical reports, guidelines, nor other types of publications discussing some of these challenges and offering guidance to researchers on how to best incorporate Fitbit devices in their study design and intervention to achieve their research goals. As a result, researchers are often left alone to discover and address some of these issues during the study through “trial and error.” This paper aims to address this gap. Drawing on our cumulative experience of conducting multiple studies with various Fitbit PA trackers over the years, we present and discuss various key challenges associated with the use of Fitbit PA trackers in research studies. Difficulties with the use of Fitbit PA trackers are encountered throughout the entire research process. Challenges and solutions are categorized in 4 main categories: study preparation, intervention delivery, data collection and analysis, and study closeout. Subsequently, we describe a number of empirically tested strategies used in 4 of our interventional studies involving participants from a broad range of demographic characteristics, racial/ethnic backgrounds, and literacy levels. Researchers should be prepared to address challenges and issues in a timely fashion to ensure that the Fitbit effectively assists participants and researchers in achieving research and outcome goals.
Utilization of Soybean as Catalyst Material in Enzyme-Mediated Calcite Precipitation (EMCP) for Crack Healing Concrete
Authors: Zulfikar Regina Aprilia , Putra Heriansyah , Yasuhara Hideaki
Published: October 2020

This paper discussed the effect of soybean as the catalyst in the Enzyme-Mediated Calcite Precipitation (EMCP) method for crack healing concrete. The existence of cracks in the concrete will reduce the quality of the concrete, so it needs concrete repair efforts, one of which was by injection using the EMCP method. The EMCP technique employs the plant-derived urease enzyme catalyze the reaction between calcium chloride (CaCl2) and urea (CH4N2O) to precipitate as calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The EMCP method was evaluated using a test tube experiment, and the optimum combination of urease, urea, and calcium chloride was selected. It was used as preliminary data for the addition of the soybean as the catalyst. Concrete samples were prepared in the form of 5 cm x 10 cm cylindrical concrete, then crack on samples was made by Universal Testing Machine (UTM) with a controlled area that is in the range ± 0.2-0.3 mm. The injection solution was added to the concrete using the percolation method until the height of the solution was 5 mm above the concrete surface. The injection was carried out several times, and its effect on concrete cracks was evaluated through permeability tests, which can be used as one of the concrete quality parameters. The permeability coefficient value was inversely proportional to the quality, meaning that the smaller the permeability coefficient value, the better the concrete quality, and vice versa. The results showed that after the 4th injection, the total of calcite formed in the sample was 18.3% of the total surface area of the concrete crack, which was able to reduce the concrete permeability value by 95.43%. So that the use of soybean in the EMCP method is considered feasible for repairing concrete cracks.
Higher Education in the Age of COVID-19: Leadership Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Odegard-Koester Melissa A. , Alexander Toni , Pace Lesli K.
Published: October 2020

Reduced state appropriations and academic program prioritization compounded the pressure on institutions of higher education while responding to COVID-19. This situation has put leaders in uniquely challenging positions. This article, drawing on autoethnographic approaches, summarizes the first-person experiences of women leaders in this setting. Particularly, their reflections regarding the experiences of planning and implementing their COVID-19 responses will be discussed. Recommendations to address the challenges faced will also be illuminated.
Sistemas de gêneros e recontextualização da ciência na mídia eletrônica
Authors: Motta-Roth Désirée
Published: October 2020

Neste trabalho, exploro o processo de populariza­ção da ciência a partir de dois conceitos: sistema de gêneros e recontextualização. Combino as concepções sociorretórica e sistêmico-funcional de gênero discursivo com a perspectiva sócio-histórica (conforme creditada a Mikhail Bakhtin e a outros autores na mesma linha) para definir gênero como um evento discursivo recorrente em esferas específicas de atividade humana. Enfoco o processo discursivo implementado pela midiati­zação de pesquisas científicas em publicações de popularização da ciência divulgadas na internet. A transposição de um conteúdo ideacional da ciência (a nova pesquisa, sua metodologia e seus resultados) para a mídia eletrônica se dá por um movimento de recontextualização que realoca (partes ou todo de) textos de uma esfera de ati­vidade humana para outra, dando visibilidade a um fluxo contínuo entre gêneros de um mesmo sistema de produção e manutenção da ciência.
Estudo sobre aquisição de complementação sentencial em PB: Traços semânticos de modalidade na aquisição de primeira língua
Authors: Meira Vivian
Published: October 2020

Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais sobre os padrões de complementação sentencial, tanto as completivas finitas (indicativo e subjuntivo) quanto as não finitas (especificamente o infinitivo), na aquisição do Português Brasileiro. Tomamos como base a Teoria de Princípios e Parâmetros (Cf. CHOMSKY, 1981) e partimos da hipótese de que a oposição Realis/Irrealis é marcada por distintos padrões de complementação, ou seja, o infinitivo e o indicativo, por serem adquiridos antes do subjuntivo, tendem a expressar os traços [+- realis]. Nesse sentido, o marcador morfológico de infinitivo assume o traço [- realis] (que será posteriormente assumido pelo subjuntivo) e o indicativo, em orações finitas, expressa o traço [+ realis]. Para tanto, tomamos como base a Hipótese da Oposição Semântica, segundo a qual há uma hierarquia semântica no que se refere aos modos verbais no período da aquisição. Foram analisados dados de três crianças, duas pertencentes ao CEALL, do Rio Grande do Sul, com idade entre 1;08 e 3;07 e uma pertencente ao CEDAE, da UNICAMP, com idade entre 1;0 e 3;02.