bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meteorological Source Variability in Atmospheric Gravity Wave Parameters Derived From a Tropical Infrasound Station
Authors: Marlton G. J. , Charlton‐Perez A. J. , Harrison R. G. , Blanc E. , Evers L. , Le‐Pichon A. , Smets P. S. M.
Published: March 2019

Gravity waves are an important part of the momentum budget of the atmosphere. Despite this, parameterizations of gravity wave spectra in atmospheric models are poorly constrained. Gravity waves are formed by jet streams, flow over topography, and convection, all of which produce pressure perturbations as they propagate over the Earth's surface, detectable by microbarometer arrays used for sensing infrasound. In this study, observations of gravity waves between 2007 and 2011 at an infrasound station in the Ivory Coast, West Africa, are combined with meteorological data to calculate parameters such as intrinsic phase speed and wavenumber. Through spectral analysis, the seasonal and daily variations in all gravity wave parameters are examined. The gravity wave back azimuth varies with the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, a region of intense convection, supporting previous studies. Daily variations in gravity wave arrivals at the station can be linked to two distinct convective cycles over the land and ocean. This was achieved by combining the gravity wave parameters with lightning strikes detected by the Met Office's Arrival Time Difference lightning detection system. Noise generated by turbulence in the middle of the day was found to attenuate smaller pressure amplitude gravity waves, artificially amplifying the daily variations in some gravity wave parameters. Detection of daily and seasonal variations in gravity wave parameters has the potential be used to improve the representation of gravity wave spectra in atmospheric models.
Snowmelt‐Triggered Earthquake Swarms at the Margin of Long Valley Caldera, California
Authors: Montgomery‐Brown E. K. , Shelly D. R. , Hsieh P. A.
Published: March 2019

Fluids are well known to influence earthquakes, yet rarely are earthquakes convincingly linked to precipitation. Weak modulation or limited data often leads to ambiguous interpretations. In contrast, here we find that shallow seismicity in the Sierra Nevada range near Long Valley Caldera is strongly modulated by snowmelt. Over 33 years, shallow seismicity rates were ~37 times higher during very wet periods versus very dry periods. Relative earthquake relocations from a swarm in 2017 reveal downward migration from ~1‐ to 3‐km depth along a steeply inclined plane. Steeply dipping strata may provide high‐permeability pathways and faulting plane. Here we combine the correlated seismicity and hydrologic time series with the propagation observed in the relatively relocated earthquakes. From this combined evidence, we infer that pressure diffusion from groundwater recharge dramatically accelerated shallow seismicity rates, causing seismic swarms unrelated to volcanic processes.
Deacetylation of CHK2 by SIRT1 protects cells from oxidative stress-dependent DNA damage response
Authors: Kwon Jiyun , Lee Suhee , Kim Yong-Nyun , Lee In Hye
Published: March 2019

Growing evidence indicates that metabolic signaling pathways are interconnected to DNA damage response (DDR). However, factors that link metabolism to DDR remain incompletely understood. SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that regulates metabolism and aging, has been shown to protect cells from DDR. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT1 protects cells from oxidative stress-dependent DDR by binding and deacetylating checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2). We first showed that essential proteins in DDR were hyperacetylated in Sirt1-deficient cells and that among them, the level of acetylated CHK2 was highly increased. We found that Sirt1 formed molecular complexes with CHK2, BRCA1/BRCA2-associated helicase 1 (BACH1), tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1), and H2AX, all of which are key factors in response to DNA damage. We then demonstrated that CHK2 was normally inhibited by SIRT1 via deacetylation but dissociated with SIRT1 under oxidative stress conditions. This led to acetylation and activation of CHK2, which increased cell death under oxidative stress conditions. Our data also indicated that SIRT1 deacetylated the K235 and K249 residues of CHK2, whose acetylation increased cell death in response to oxidative stress. Thus, SIRT1, a metabolic sensor, protects cells from oxidative stress-dependent DDR by the deacetylation of CHK2. Our findings suggest a crucial function of SIRT1 in inhibiting CHK2 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
A service evaluation of the “Open Wide and Step Inside” school oral health programme
Authors: Witton Robert , Smith Wendy
Published: March 2019

Introduction

To present a service evaluation of the “Open Wide and Step Inside” oral health programme delivered in Plymouth, UK.

Aim

To develop an oral health programme supporting Key Stage One of the National Curriculum for delivery to children aged 4–6 years in targeted schools.

Methods

The programme was designed and developed in partnership with stakeholders from a range of sectors using a community engagement approach. The programme has been delivered in schools in targeted areas of the city since 2014/15. Outcome (participation of schools and children) and process evaluations were carried out using a range of methods to collect feedback from children, teachers and parents.

Results

School adoption and engagement in the programme has been high exceeding the targets set for implementation. So far over 4000 children have participated in the programme and schools have welcomed support in delivering oral health as part of the national curriculum.

Conclusion

A community engagement approach can be highly valuable in developing oral health programmes that meet community needs through collaborative design and a participatory approach.
Applicability of Demirjian’s method for dental age estimation in a group of Egyptian children
Authors: Moness Ali Amro M. , Ahmed Wael H. , Khattab Nagwa M.
Published: March 2019

Aims

The aims of this study were to evaluate the applicability of Demirjian’s method for dental age assessment in a group of Egyptian children in Minia city and to develop an age predictive equation suitable for the studied group.

Subjects and methods

In this retrospective, blind, cross-sectional study, 160 dental panoramic radiographs (DPTs) were selected from 420 DPTs from healthy children aged between three and 10 years old from the archived medical files of patients attending Minia University Dental Hospital (MUDH) and evaluated to estimate dental ages.

Results

Age was overestimated for almost all of the studied subjects with an accuracy range from 0.18 to 1.19 years for males and from 0.08 to 0.87 years for females, with the exception of two age subgroups (9–10-year-old males and 10–11-year-old females, for which the mean difference values were −0.06 and −0.008 years, respectively). A Logistic regression was used to generate a suggested formula for dental age estimation.

Conclusions

Demirjian’s method may be unsuitable for Egyptian children living in Minia city. Development of a predication equation and the introduction of adaptable conversion tables to transform the maturity score into a dental age for Egyptian children may be suitable alternatives. The validity of the newly developed prediction equation must be tested among all Egyptian children.
Interactions of an Emerging Fungal Pathogen Scedosporium aurantiacum with Human Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Kaur Jashanpreet , Kautto Liisa , Penesyan Anahit , Meyer Wieland , Elbourne Liam D. H. , Paulsen Ian T. , Nevalainen Helena
Published: March 2019

Scedosporium fungi are found in various natural and host-associated environments, including the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. However, their role in infection development remains underexplored. Here the attachment of conidia of a virulent S. aurantiacum strain WM 06.482 onto the human lung epithelial A549 cells in vitro was visualized using microscopy to examine the initial steps of infection. We showed that 75–80% of fungal conidia were bound to the A549 cells within four hours of co-incubation, and started to produce germ tubes. The germinating conidia seemed to invade the cells through the intercellular space, no intracellular uptake of fungal conidia by the airway epithelial cells after conidial attachment. Transcriptomic analysis of the A549 cells revealed that the up-regulated genes were mainly associated with cell repair and inflammatory processes indicating a protective response against S. aurantiacum infection. Network analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed activation of the innate immune system (NF-kB pathway) leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We believe this is the first report showing the transcriptomic response of human alveolar epithelial cells exposed to S. aurantiacum conidia paving a way for better understanding of the mechanism of the infection process.
A new transitional therizinosaurian theropod from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of China
Authors: Yao Xi , Liao Chun-Chi , Sullivan Corwin , Xu Xing
Published: March 2019

Therizinosaurian theropods evolved many highly specialized osteological features in association with their bulky proportions, which were unusual in the context of the generally gracile Theropoda. Here we report a new therizinosaur,Lingyuanosaurus sihedangensisgen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen recovered from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of Lingyuan, Liaoning Province, China, which displays a combination of plesiomorphic and derived features. Most notably, the specimen is characterized by posterior dorsal vertebrae with a complex and unusual laminar structure; an ilium with a highly dorsoventrally expanded preacetabular process showing only slight lateral flaring of the ventral margin, a strongly anterodorsally inclined iliac blade, a small postacetabular process with a strongly concave dorsal margin, and a relatively robust pubic peduncle with a posteroventrally facing distal articular surface; a straight and robust femur with a small lesser trochanter; and a tibia that is longer than the femur. Phylogenetic analysis placesLingyuanosaurusin an intermediate position within Therizinosauria, i.e., between the early-branching therizinosaurs such asFalcarius,Jianchangosaurus, andBeipiaosaurusand the late-branching ones such asAlxasaurusandTherizinosaurus. This new therizinosaur sheds additional light on the evolution of major therizinosaurian characteristics, including particularly the distinctive pelvic girdle and hindlimb morphology seen in this group.
Important evidence of constant low CO2 windows and impacts on the non-closure of the greenhouse effect
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Guoqing , Cui Weihong , Cao Qianqian , Zhang Haoping
Published: March 2019

The CO2 distribution in the atmosphere remains unclear for the complexity of the long-range vertical transport process and other influencing factors. In this work, regression analysis was used to verify the accuracy of CO2 concentrations datasets. Geostatistical analyses were used to investigate the spatiotemporal distributions of CO2 at 7 levels from near the surface to the mid-troposphere (0~5 km). Spatial correlation and time series analyses were used to further determine the diffusion characteristics of the CO2 concentration based on the horizontal wind (NCEP R2), which is one of the main driving factors. The results showed that the horizontal, not vertical, diffusion of CO2 becomes increasingly more prominent with the decrease in atmospheric pressure to the mid-troposphere, whereas many regions, such as the Rocky Mountains and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, have constant low values throughout the year due to the influence of high topography (up to 10.756 ppmv lower than that near the surface). These areas form low CO2 concentration ‘windows’ keeping letting thermal infrared energy out into space. This study is the first to question the existing view of the closure of the ‘greenhouse effect’. Future research studies should more precisely determine the closure threshold and the uncertainties about the surface fluxes.
Pulsed Sagnac source of polarization-entangled photon pairs in telecommunication band
Authors: Kim Heonoh , Kwon Osung , Moon Han Seb
Published: March 2019

We report a source of polarization-entangled photon pairs in the 1550-nm telecommunication band, which is based on non-collinear spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal pumped by picosecond pulses. This source is realized utilizing a polarization-based Sagnac interferometer employing a type-0 non-collinear quasi-phase-matching configuration. Polarization entanglement is verified through measurement of the polarization-correlation interference fringes with visibility >96% and by testing the experimental violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) form of Bell’s inequality. The CHSH-Bell parameter S is found to be 2.72 ± 0.04, with 18 standard deviations from the statistical uncertainty.
Positive effects of the tea catechin (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on gut bacteria and fitness of Ectropis obliqua Prout (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhao Tianyu , Deng Jundan , Zhou Xiaomin , Wu Zhenzhen , Su Qingqing , Zhang Longwa , Long Yanhua , Yang Yunqiu
Published: March 2019

Ectropis obliqua Prout (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is the most devastating insect pest of tea plants in China and infests thousands of hectares of tea plantations in China annually. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major phenolic compound in tea leaves and has a strong antibacterial function. Here, we show that EGCG can effectively improve the fitness of E. obliqua larvae and present the reason by which EGCG promotes larval fitness. In this study, we compared the fitness difference among Control, Antibiotic and Treatment of larvae. The fitness of larvae treated with EGCG and antibiotic was similar and better than that of control group. We also demonstrated that EGCG treatment could significantly reduce species richness and abundance of gut bacteria in E. obliqua larvae. Hence that we speculate that EGCG promotes larval fitness and is associated with ECGG antimicrobial activity. In short, our study provides evidence of the E. obliqua larvae have adapted to secondary compounds found in tea leaves, and may even benefit from these compounds. Our study also contributes to a greater understanding of the reason involved in plant–insect interactions.
Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of tetra- and triarylethenes by N-methylimidodiacetyl boron-directed palladium-catalysed three-component coupling
Authors: Lin E. Emily , Wu Jia-Qiang , Schäfers Felix , Su Xiao-Xuan , Wang Ke-Feng , Li Ji-Lin , Chen Yunyun , Zhao Xin , Ti Huihui , Li Qingjiang , Ou Tian-Miao , Glorius Frank , Wang Honggen
Published: March 2019

The flexible synthesis of tetra- and triarylethenes bearing different aryl groups has been a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis. Here we report a palladium-catalysed syn-diarylation of arylethynyl N-methyliminodiacetyl (MIDA) boronates. The products, triarylalkenyl N-methyliminodiacetyl boronates, allow a step-economic and modular synthesis of tetra- or triarylethenes via a subsequent stereospecific Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction or base-promoted protodeborylation, respectively. Use of the sp3-B(MIDA) masked aryl alkyne is the key factor for success by offering an exceptionally good regioselectivity for the boron-retentive coupling. The unusual regioselectivity is believed to arise from the stabilization due to the strong electron donation from the C−Pd σ bond to the p-orbital of boron in the transition state of migratory insertion. A broad range of differently substituted tetra- and triarylethenes are constructed in good yields and geometrical control. Synthetic manipulation of the C-B bond also enables the facile construction of several other types of tetra-substituted alkenes.
Synthesis of super bright indium phosphide colloidal quantum dots through thermal diffusion
Authors: Clarke Mitchell T. , Viscomi Francesco Narda , Chamberlain Thomas W. , Hondow Nicole , Adawi Ali M. , Sturge Justin , Erwin Steven C. , Bouillard Jean-Sebastien G. , Tamang Sudarsan , Stasiuk Graeme J.
Published: March 2019

Indium phosphide based quantum dots have emerged in recent years as alternatives to traditional heavy metal (cadmium, lead) based materials suitable for biomedical application due to their non-toxic nature. The major barrier to this application, is their low photoluminescent quantum yield in aqueous environments (typically < 5%). Here we present a synthetic method for InP/ZnS quantum dots, utilizing a controlled cooling step for equilibration of zinc sulfide across the core, resulting in a photoluminescent quantum yield as high as 85% in organic solvent and 57% in aqueous media. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported for indium phosphide quantum dots. DFT calculations reveal the enhancement in quantum yield is achieved by redistribution of zinc sulfide across the indium phosphide core through thermal diffusion. By eliminating the need for a glove box and relying on Schlenk line techniques, we introduce a widely accessible method for quantum dots with a realistic potential for improved biomedical applications.
Direct intramolecular carbon(sp2)–nitrogen(sp2) reductive elimination from gold(iii)
Authors: Kim Jong Hyun , Mertens R. Tyler , Agarwal Amal , Parkin Sean , Berger Gilles , Awuah Samuel G.
Published: March 2019

The reactivity of bidentate AuIII–Cl species, [(C^N)AuCl2], with a bisphosphine or carbon donor ligands results in reductive elimination.
Broadband phototransistors realised by incorporating a bi-layer perovskite/NIR light absorbing polymer channel
Authors: Li Ning , Lei Yanlian , Chan Wing Kin Edward , Zhu Furong
Published: March 2019

Broadband phototransistors (PTs) with a bi-layer MAPbI3/NIR light absorbing polymer channel have the advantages of the complementary absorption and high charge transport efficiency of the two materials. The broadband PTs possess simultaneously a specific detectivity (D*) of >109 Jones over the wavelength range from UV to visible light and a high D* of >107 Jones over the NIR light wavelength range.
Partition of electronic excitation energies: the IQA/EOM-CCSD method
Authors: Fernández-Alarcón Alberto , Casals-Sainz José Luis , Guevara-Vela José Manuel , Costales Aurora , Francisco Evelio , Martín Pendás Ángel , Rocha-Rinza Tomás
Published: March 2019

We put together equation of motion coupled cluster theory and the interacting quantum atoms electronic energy partition to determine how an absorbed photon changes atomic energies as well as covalent and noncovalent interactions within a molecule or molecular cluster.
Dynamic exciton localisation in a pyrene–BODIPY–pyrene dye conjugate
Authors: Auerhammer Nina , Schulz Alexander , Schmiedel Alexander , Holzapfel Marco , Hoche Joscha , Röhr Merle I. S. , Mitric Roland , Lambert Christoph
Published: March 2019

The photophysics of a molecular triad consisting of a BODIPY dye and two pyrene chromophores attached in 2-position are investigated by steady state and fs-time resolved transient absorption spectroscopy as well as by field induced surface hopping (FISH) simulations.
Variation of topologies and entanglements in metal–organic frameworks with mixed tris[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]phosphine oxide and dicarboxylate ligands
Authors: Sun Yingying , Chen Xiaojie , Wang Fengyuan , Ma Ruidan , Guo Xianmin , Sun Shaowen , Guo Huadong , Alexandrov Eugeny V.
Published: March 2019

Six metal–organic frameworks with variation of topologies and entanglements have been successfully synthesized with mixed tris[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]phosphine oxide and dicarboxylate ligands.
Decomposition pathway of KAlH4altered by the addition of Al2S3
Authors: Sheppard Drew A. , Jepsen Lars H. , Rowles Matthew R. , Paskevicius Mark , Jensen Torben R. , Buckley Craig E.
Published: March 2019

Altering the decomposition pathway of potassium alanate, KAlH4, with aluminium sulfide, Al2S3, presents a new opportunity to release all of the hydrogen, increase the volumetric hydrogen capacity and avoid complications associated with the formation of KH and molten K.
Sublimable cationic iridium(iii) complexes with large steric hindrance for high-performance organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Liu Ruihuan , Ma Dongxin , Zhang Chen , Duan Lian
Published: March 2019

Highly efficient sublimable cationic iridium(iii) complexes with bulky ancillary and major ligands.
Size, shape and interface control in gold nanoparticle-based plasmonic photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical transformations
Authors: Tada Hiroaki
Published: March 2019

The activity of gold nanoparticle-based plasmonic photocatalysts can be enhanced through the ingenious control of the size, shape and interface.
Soft electrodes in water desalination: application to multi-valent ions
Authors: Iglesias G. R. , Ahualli S. , Fernández M. M. , Jiménez M. L. , Delgado A. V.
Published: March 2019

The capacitive deionization (CDI) method, in which the capacitance of the electrical double layers is used for removing ions from aqueous solutions, can be more efficient if some procedures are devised to help the bare electrode double layers in adsorbing ions.
Energy transfer and dipole–dipole interaction in Er3+/Eu3+/Yb3+:Gd2(MoO4)3 upconverting nanophosphors
Authors: Kumari Anita , Mukhopadhyay Lakshmi , Rai Vineet Kumar
Published: March 2019

Yb3+ sensitized upconversion and downconversion properties in the Er3+/Eu3+/Yb3+:Gd2(MoO4)3 nanophosphors for application in optical devices.
Catalytic asymmetric cycloaddition reactions of enoldiazo compounds
Authors: Marichev Kostiantyn O. , Doyle Michael P.
Published: March 2019

Review of recent advances in asymmetric catalytic cycloaddition reactions of silyl-protected enoldiazo compounds.
Cellulose transparent conductive film and its feasible use in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ma Xiaojuan , Deng Qidu , Wang Lu , Zheng Xin , Wang Shunshun , Wang Qinhua , Chen Lihui , Huang Liulian , Ouyang Xinhua , Cao Shilin
Published: March 2019

A transparent conductive Ag nanowire (AgNW)-regenerated cellulose film (RCF) was prepared and has been proposed to be used as an anode for perovskite solar cells.
An autonomous self-optimizing flow machine for the synthesis of pyridine–oxazoline (PyOX) ligands
Authors: Wimmer Eric , Cortés-Borda Daniel , Brochard Solène , Barré Elvina , Truchet Charlotte , Felpin François-Xavier
Published: March 2019

A continuous flow synthesis of PyOX ligands has been developed using an autonomous self-optimizing flow reactor.
Rod-shaped liquid plasticine for gas diffusion detection
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Shi Haixiao , Hu Yueyun
Published: March 2019

A liquid rod was produced by surgery of a liquid pancake with interfacial jamming of nanoparticles, for detecting NH3 diffusion.
Correction: Three hidden talents in one framework: a terephthalic acid-coordinated cupric metal–organic framework with cascade cysteine oxidase- and peroxidase-mimicking activities and stimulus-responsive fluorescence for cysteine sensing
Authors: Li Xin , Zhou Hao , Qi Fei , Niu Xiangheng , Xu Xuechao , Qiu Fengxian , He Yanfang , Pan Jianming , Ni Liang
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘Three hidden talents in one framework: a terephthalic acid-coordinated cupric metal–organic framework with cascade cysteine oxidase- and peroxidase-mimicking activities and stimulus-responsive fluorescence for cysteine sensing’ by Xin Li et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2018, 6, 6207–6211.
Discovery of non-reversible thermally enhanced upconversion luminescence behavior in rare-earth doped nanoparticles
Authors: Li Denghao , Wang Weirong , Liu Xiaofeng , Jiang Chun , Qiu Jianrong
Published: March 2019

Volatilization of surface moieties and sintering of the particles both contribute to thermally activated enhancement of upconversion emission.
Application of C6F12O/CO2 mixture in 10 kV medium‐voltage switchgear
Authors: Tian Shuangshuang , Zhang Xiaoxing , Xiao Song , Zhang Ji , Chen Qi , Li Yi
Published: March 2019

Due to the high global warming potential (GWP) of SF6, the use of new gases in electrical equipment has drawn increasing attention. Here, the application of environmental‐friendly gas dodecafluoro‐2‐methylpentan‐3‐one (C6F12O) and CO2 mixture in 10 kV medium‐voltage switchgear is studied. First, the basic physical and chemical properties of C6F12O were discussed, and the toxicity and safety of its application in equipment was analysed. Then, the breakdown voltage was measured in the laboratory. The power‐frequency breakdown test was carried out with the mixing ratio of 2, 4 and 6% at 0.1∼0.2 MPa, and the influence of utilisation coefficient of electric field on the breakdown performance was analysed. Finally, the appropriate mixing ratio was determined and tested in the load switch cabinet and the circuit breaker switch cabinet, including the power frequency withstand voltage test and the lightning impulse test. The test results show that 4% C6F12O and CO2 meet the standard value tested at a pressure of >0.14 MPa, which has the potential to be used as an insulating gas in a 10 kV switchgear.
Mixed reality system for industrial environment: an evaluation study
Authors: Abate Andrea F. , Nappi Michele , Narducci Fabio , Ricciardi Stefano
Published: March 2019

Enabling technologies for augmented reality (AR)/mixed reality have been improved and refined throughout the last years and more recently they seem to have finally passed the demo stage to become ready for practical industrial and commercial applications. But what are the measurable advantages in using them? This study tries to answer this question by presenting the results of a comprehensive evaluation study conducted in a real industrial environment on the widest number of real users involved in such kind of experiment so far. The assessment concerned an AR‐based guidance system for assisting technicians during servicing operations on complex electronic equipment often featuring small components sometimes with a distance of a few millimetres for the ones from the others. The authors exploited the most referenced and acknowledged metrics available in literature for both objective and subjective evaluation of the data gathered, providing a detailed report about the users’ experience, to finally shed light on the real benefits of AR to the industry and on the limits still present.
Polyacenes and diffuse interstellar bands
Authors: Omont A. , Bettinger H. F. , Tönshoff C.
Published: March 2019

The identification of the carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) remains to be established, with the exception of five bands attributed to C60+, although it is generally agreed that DIB carriers should be large carbon-based molecules (with ~10–100 atoms) in the gas phase, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), long carbon chains or fullerenes. The aim of this paper is to investigate more specific possible carriers among PAHs, namely elongated molecules, which could explain a correlation between the DIB wavelength and the apparent UV resilience of their carriers. More specifically, we address the case of polyacenes, C4N+2H2N+4, with N ~ 10–18 fused rectilinear aligned hexagons. Polyacenes are attractive DIB carrier candidates because their high symmetry and large linear size allow them to form regular series of bands in the visible range with strengths larger than most other PAHs, as confirmed by recent laboratory results up to undecacene (C46H26). Those with very strong bands in the DIB spectral domain are just at the limit of stability against UV photodissociation. They are part of the prominent PAH family of interstellar carbon compounds, meaning that only ~10−5 of the total PAH abundance is enough to account for a medium-strength DIB. After summarizing the limited current knowledge about the complex properties of polyacenes and recent laboratory results, the likelihood that they might meet the criteria for being carriers of some DIBs is addressed by reviewing the following properties: wavelength and strength of their series of visible bands; interstellar stability and abundances, charge state and hydrogenation; and DIB rotation profiles. No definite inconsistency has been identified that precludes polyacenes from being the carriers of some DIBs with medium or weak strength, including the so-called C2 DIBs. But, despite their many interesting properties, additional experimental data about long acenes and their visible bands are needed to make robust conclusions.
Antimalarial stewardship programs are urgently needed for malaria elimination: a perspective
Authors: Bienvenu Anne-Lise , Djimdé Abdoulaye , Picot Stéphane
Published: March 2019

Global malaria cases have not been significantly reduced over the last three years although more than USD 3 billion was invested in malaria control and elimination. The reasons for this stagnation are highly complex and multi-factorial. It remains that almost three billion treatment courses were supplied over the period 2010–2017: 30% of them without malaria tests, and some with suboptimal doses leading to the risk of selection of resistant parasites. An antimalarial stewardship program should be implemented at the healthcare provider, physician, pharmacist, medical student, and population levels. This would significantly reinforce the impact of international guidelines and national malaria program policies and fill the gap between recommendations and actual practices.
Les suites des traumatismes chez les enfants
Authors: Massie Henry
Published: March 2019

Pendant la guerre, la perte de son toit, celle d’un membre de la famille, les blessures, la peur, la menace de la mort, et un monde qui n’a plus aucun sens, tout cela peut marquer les enfants à vie. Cet article va examiner les syndromes psychiatriques que les enfants réfugiés de guerre pourraient éprouver, en commençant par l’impact initial, en continuant avec des troubles de stress post-traumatique, qui deviennent plus tard chez l’adulte des traumatismes complexes. Des études de cas d’enfants et d’adultes de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale et des guerres actuelles au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique vont illustrer la symptomatologie. Le Château de la Hille, refuge dans le sud de la France pour les enfants dont les parents avaient été envoyés aux camps de la mort pendant l’Holocauste illustre les caractéristiques d’une communauté thérapeutique pour les enfants réfugiés. D’autres études de cas vont décrire des interventions psychothérapeutiques.
Fatou, enfant réfugiée sans papiers… qui mange du papier
Authors: Benhamou Hervé
Published: March 2019

Fatou est une enfant réfugiée, d’origine africaine âgée de 6 ans, de langue maternelle française, sans papiers, que je reçois dans le cadre d’une mesure d’Aide Éducative en Milieu Ouvert. Elle présente des troubles psychiatriques à type de crises d’agitation colérique avec compulsions itératives à manger du papier. Lors des consultations, plusieurs éléments psychopathologiques émergent. Ses remarquables capacités d’apprentissages contrastent avec son immaturité affective avec importante fixation orale. Sa compulsion à ingérer du papier survient quand elle est seule et se sent abandonnée. Elle manque alors de contrôle pulsionnel et de capacités de symbolisation. Le symptôme pourrait être interprété comme un comportement d’incorporation orale d’un objet suffisamment bon, (le(s) papier(s)), susceptible de lui apporter une certaine sécurité affective et légale, et la possibilité de rester chez son oncle, substitut parental officiel.

Ses dessins et ses rêves montrent aussi que Fatou présente une dysharmonie évolutive, un personnalité « border-line », avec clivage entre un faux self, avec adaptation sociale plus ou moins satisfaisante et une scolarité surinvestie, et, un self plus profond avec dépression et angoisses orales corrélatives de la compulsion à ingérer du papier.

Une indication de psychothérapie psychanalytique est posée associée à des entretiens de guidance psychologique pour l’oncle.
La fuite des enfants non accompagnés
Authors: Mosqueda Maria M.
Published: March 2019

À Oakland, en Californie, arrivent beaucoup de jeunes migrants voyageant seuls, sans papiers, venant d’Amérique Centrale et du Mexique. L’article décrit une approche multidisciplinaire susceptible d’aider ces enfants dans un centre de santé implanté dans l’école, à Oakland. Le « Centre de Santé Castlemont pour le Progrés des Jeunes » a ouvert en 2005, pour offrir des services accessibles aux jeunes les plus vulnérables et délaissés. Il aide actuellement environ 125 nouveaux élèves immigrants avec un dispositif multidisciplinaire pouvant proposer : psychothérapie, premiers soins médicaux et dentaires, assistance juridique et pour l’hébergement, thérapie de groupe, thérapie familiale, et coopération avec les enseignants de ces élèves. Le cas d’une jeune venant du Guatemala est détaillé, en évoquant son histoire dans son village d’origine, puis son voyage solitaire jusqu’aux États-Unis, sa détention à la frontière, et ensuite le déroulement de son traitement au Centre de Santé dans l’école.
Survivre au voyage migratoire puis vivre en exil de soi-même…
Authors: Hungbo Chantal , Fortineau Jacques
Published: March 2019

Cet article témoigne de l’expérience de professionnels travaillant auprès de MNA dans une association mandatée par l’Aide Sociale à l’Enfance.

L’objectif n’étant pas de dresser un état des lieux mais plutôt de tirer quelques réflexions à partir de ces vifs témoignages recueillis.

Des similitudes avec d’autres jeunes accueillis dans ces foyers éducatifs mettent en exergue l’impact des traumatismes précoces et les défauts d’étayage. Tandis que certains écueils propres aux situations migratoires sont rapportés par les équipes pluridisciplinaires qui les accompagnent au quotidien.
La psychothérapie de l’adolescent centrée sur les émotions
Authors: Har Alexandre
Published: March 2019

Que savons-nous sur les émotions ? Que savons-nous de la régulation émotionnelle ? Quelles sont les modèles à notre disposition ? De quelle manière ces modèles contribuent ils à l’expérience clinique du psychothérapeute dans son travail avec l’adolescent ? Fort des résultats de la recherche et des propositions des approches psychothérapeutiques récentes, nous soumettons un certain nombre de propositions techniques et pratiques sur le travail émotionnel dans la psychothérapie de l’adolescent. Deux courtes vignettes cliniques illustrent ces propositions.
Präoperative Anämie: Bedeutung, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Kaufner Lutz , von Heymann Christian
Published: March 2019

Die präoperative Anämie, definiert durch ein Unterschreiten eines präoperativen Hämoglobinwerts (Hb-Wert) von 12 g/dl für Frauen und 13 g/dl für Männer, stellt mit einer Prävalenz von 25 – 30% der Patienten vor einem elektiven operativen Eingriff einen unabhängigen Risikofaktor für perioperative Transfusion, Morbidität und Mortalität dar. Nach einer Metaanalyse in der S3-Leitlinie „Präoperative Anämie“ besteht für präoperativ anäme Patienten vor elektiven kardiochirurgischen und nicht kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen sowohl ein signifikant erhöhtes Risiko, perioperativ zu versterben, als auch, perioperativ transfundiert zu werden. Häufigste Ursachen einer präoperativen Anämie sind ein Eisenmangel, eine Niereninsuffizienz bzw. eine Anämie der chronischen Erkrankung. Über ein Blutbild ca. 4 – 6 Wochen vor der Operation können der Hb-Wert und die Erythrozytenparameter, vor allem das mittlere korpuskuläre Erythrozytenvolumen (MCV) sowie die Retikulozytenzahl (ggf. Sonderanforderung), bereits erste relevante Hinweise auf die Genese einer Anämie liefern. Die Therapie der präoperativen Anämie sollte immer ursachengerecht, d. h. nach einer präoperativen Anämiediagnostik, durchgeführt werden. Bei nachgewiesenem Eisenmangel sollte die Behandlung mit oralem oder, bei enteraler Resorptionsstörung und/oder gastrointestinaler Unverträglichkeit und/oder mangelnder Behandlungszeit, mit i. v. Eisen indiziert werden. Bei einer Anämie der chronischen Erkrankung oder renalen Anämie kann eine Behandlung mit Erythropoietin erfolgen. Liegt zusätzlich ein Eisenmangel vor, kann Erythropoietin in Verbindung mit Eisen verabreicht werden. Grundsätzlich sollten potenzielle Unverträglichkeitsreaktionen, insbesondere bei i. v. Eisen, sowie mögliche Interaktionen des Erythropoietins und Tumorerkrankungen berücksichtigt werden. Unabhängig vom Geschlecht sollte ein Hb > 12 g/dl durch die Gabe von Erythropoietin und/oder Eisen nicht überschritten werden.
Shoulder Pain and Disability Among Post Mastectomy Patients
Authors: Arsh Aatik , Ullah Irfan
Published: March 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine shoulder pain and disability among post mastectomy patients.

Methods This cross sectional study was conducted in Peshawar Pakistan from June 2017 to June 2018. A self administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and clinical characteristics while Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) was used to evaluate shoulder pain and disability. Female post mastectomy patients with age between 18 to 55 years were included. Patients with co-morbidities, bilateral mastectomy, history of trauma, history of shoulder pain before mastectomy and shoulder pain on non-operated side were excluded. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data.

Results A total of 127 post mastectomy patients participated in the study. Out of total 127 participants, 99 (77.95%) reported shoulder pain and disability on operated site. Age (P value=0.181) and operated side i. e., right and left mastectomy (P value=0.324) were not significantly associated with shoulder pain and disability. On the other hand marital status (P value=0.04), educational status (P value=0.03) profession (P value<0.001) and time since surgery (P value=0.04) were significantly associated with shoulder pain and disability.

Conclusion More than 2 third of post mastectomy patients suffer from shoulder pain and disability. Connective tissue fibrosis of shoulder joint seems to be the only reason for it. Physical therapy after mastectomy can help in preventing shoulder pain and disability.
ASH 2018: Darmflora beeinflusst Transplantationsergebnis
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: March 2019

Das Interesse an der Darmflora nimmt auch in der Onkologie rapide zu: So beeinflussen Darmbakterien bekanntlich das Ansprechen auf Checkpoint-Inhibitoren. Eine neue Studie zeigt jetzt, dass die Zusammensetzung des intestinalen Mikrobioms auch Auswirkungen auf den Erfolg hämatopoetischer Stammzelltransplantationen (HSZT) und das Risiko für Graft-versus-Host-Erkrankungen (GVHD) hat.
ASH 2018: Therapie-Deeskalation beim Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: March 2019

Bei jungen, prognostisch günstigen Patienten mit diffus großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphomen (DLBCL) kann die übliche Erstlinientherapie mit sechs Zyklen Rituximab-CHOP (R-CHOP) ohne Effektivitätseinbuße deeskaliert werden. Die deutsche FLYER-Studie macht deutlich, dass 4 Zyklen R-CHOP gefolgt von 2 weiteren Rituximab-Gaben dem derzeitigen Standard nicht unterlegen sind und zudem eine erheblich geringere Toxizität besitzen.
Staging of T1 esophageal adenocarcinoma with volumetric laser endomicroscopy: a feasibility study
Authors: Kahn Allon , Kamboj Amrit , Muppa Prasuna , Sawas Tarek , Lutzke Lori , Buras Matthew , Golafshar Michael , Katzka David , Iyer Prasad , Smyrk Thomas , Wang Kenneth , Leggett Cadman
Published: March 2019

Background and study aims Precise staging in T1 esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is critical in determining candidacy for curative endoscopic resection. High-frequency endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has demonstrated suboptimal accuracy in T1 EAC staging due to insufficient spatial resolution. Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) allows for high-resolution wide-field visualization of the esophageal microstructure. We aimed to investigate the role of VLE in staging T1 EAC.

Patients and methods Patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) were prospectively enrolled and only T1 EAC cases were included. EMR specimens were imaged using second-generation VLE immediately after resection. VLE images were analyzed for signal intensity by depth and signal attenuation (dB/mm) in both cross-sectional and en-face orientation. A decision tree model was constructed to combine measured VLE parameters and delineate diagnostic thresholds.

Results Thirty EMR scans were obtained – 15 T1a specimens from 9 patients and 15 T1b specimens from 11 patients. T1b specimen VLE scans exhibited higher signal intensity (P < 0.0001) and higher signal attenuation compared to T1a specimens (P = 0.03). A combination of signal attenuation and signal intensity at 150 µm depth yielded optimal diagnostic thresholds and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77. VLE signal attenuation was significantly associated with grade of differentiation, irrespective of EAC stage.

Conclusions VLE signal intensity and signal attenuation are quantitatively distinct in
T1a and T1b EAC and associated with grade of differentiation. This is the first study examining
the role of VLE for staging of T1 EAC and demonstrates promising diagnostic performance. With further in vivo validation, VLE may serve a role in staging superficial EAC.
Utility of a standardized training program for endoscopic diagnosis of early gastrointestinal neoplasia
Authors: Chiu Philip , Sano Yasushi , Uedo Noriya , Singh Rajvinder , Ng Enders , Aang Tiing , Chiu Han , Ho Shiaw-Hooi , Banerjee Rupa , Tanaka Shinji , Li Xiao , Yao Fang , Lau James , Yao Kenshi
Published: March 2019

Background and study aims Image enhanced endoscopy (IEE) allows endoscopists to improve recognition and characterization of gastrointestinal neoplasia. The Asian Novel Bio-Imaging and Intervention Group (ANBIG) conducted a standardized training program in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early gastrointestinal cancers in Asia. We embarked on a study to investigate the effect of this module on endoscopic diagnosis of early gastrointestinal neoplasia.

Methods This prospectively collected database was from workshops conducted on training for endoscopic diagnosis of early gastrointestinal neoplasia. All workshops were conducted in a standardized format, which included a pretest, a learning phase consisting of didactic lectures, case discussion, and live demonstration followed by a post-test to assess knowledge gained. The pretest and post-training tests were standardized questions addressing four domains, including basic knowledge of imaging and diagnosis of esophageal, gastric, and colonic neoplasia.

Results From November 2013 to November 2016, 41 ANBIG workshops were conducted in 13 countries. A total of 1863 delegates and 40 faculty participated in these workshops. Of the delegates, 627 completed both tests. There was a significant improvement after training in all domains of the tests. There was a trend in general lack of knowledge across all domains for delegates from “low” healthcare cost countries before training. All delegates demonstrated significant improvement in knowledge of all domains after the workshop irrespective of whether they were from “high” or “low” healthcare cost per capita countries.

Conclusion A standardized teaching program on IEE improved the diagnostic ability and quality of endoscopists in recognizing early gastrointestinal neoplasia in Asia.
Changes in Oral Anticoagulation Therapy over One Year in 51,000 Atrial Fibrillation Patients at Risk for Stroke: A Practice-Derived Study
Authors: Hohnloser Stefan H. , Basic Edin , Nabauer Michael
Published: March 2019

Background This study assessed changes in anticoagulation therapy over time in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods Analyses were performed on a claims-based dataset of 4 million health-insured individuals. The study population consisted of patients newly initiating a non-vitamin-K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) or vitamin K antagonist (VKA) for AF between 2013 and 2016. The study outcomes consisted of the proportion of patients who had (1) discontinued OAC treatment, (2) switched from VKA to NOAC, (3) switched from NOAC to VKA or (4) switched from one NOAC to another. Predictors of discontinuation or switching of OAC treatment were determined by Cox proportional hazards regression models with time-independent and time-dependent covariates.

Results The study population comprised 51,606 AF patients initiating VKA (n = 21,468, 41.6%), apixaban (n = 8,832, 17.1%), dabigatran (n = 3,973, 7.7%) or rivaroxaban (n = 17,333, 33.6%). After 1 year, 29.9% of VKA and 29.5% of NOAC patients had discontinued OAC treatment without switching to another anticoagulant. A total of 10.7% of VKA patients switched to NOACs within 1 year, whereas 4.9% NOAC patients had switched to VKA. Of AF patients who were initiated on a NOAC, 5.2% switched to another NOAC. Treatment changes among NOAC starters were strongly associated with occurrence of stroke, myocardial infarction and gastrointestinal bleeding after treatment initiation. For VKA starters switching to a NOAC, stroke and bleeding events were associated with an increased likelihood of switching.

Conclusion Overall discontinuation rates of VKA and NOACs are comparable over the first year of therapy, while switching from VKA to NOAC was more common than from NOAC to VKA. The majority of treatment changes were associated with clinical events.
CHAMP1 Mutations cause Refractory Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Authors: Ben-Haim Revital , Heyman Eli , Benyamini Lilach , Shapira Daniel , Lev Dorit , Tzadok Michal , Lerman-Sagie Tally , Saitsu Hirotomo , Matsumoto Naomichi , Iwama Kazuhiro , Lazinger Mirit , Bassan Haim
Published: March 2019

The chromosome alignment maintaining phosphoprotein 1 (CHAMP1) gene has a key role in neurodevelopment. It is involved in kinetochore-microtubule attachment and in the regulation of chromosomes alignment during mitosis. So far, 17 cases of CHAMP1 mutations have been reported with a common clinical picture of developmental delay and intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, hypotonia and/or spasticity, and microcephaly. Four patients had epilepsy of whom three had focal seizures and one had generalized epilepsy. We report two new cases, which have in addition to developmental delay, refractory myoclonic epilepsy. These cases suggest that the phenotypic spectrum of CHAMP1 mutations may be broader and includes refractory myoclonic epilepsy as well.
The Utility of Soluble CD14 Subtype in Early Diagnosis of Culture-Proven Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis and Prediction of Outcome
Authors: Gad Ghada I. , Shinkar Dina M. , Kamel El-Din Manal M. , Nagi Hoda M.
Published: March 2019

Objective This study aimed to evaluate soluble cluster of differentiation 14 subtype (sCD14-ST), also named presepsin, as an early marker for the diagnosis of culture-proven early-onset sepsis (EOS) in neonates and to assess its relation to disease severity and mortality.

Study Design Out of 60 neonates with risk factors of EOS, 31 neonates were diagnosed as having culture-proven EOS. They were compared with 20 nonseptic controls. We obtained blood samples on day 1 of life for sCD14-ST measurement and sepsis screening. Blood samples were repeated on day 3 in EOS neonates.

Results sCD14-ST was significantly higher in EOS neonates than controls (p < 0.001). Neonates who later developed septic shock had significantly higher day 1 sCD14-ST level than those who did not (p < 0.001). Furthermore, neonates who died had significantly higher day 1 sCD14-ST than survivors (p < 0.001). On day 3, there was a significant decline in sCD14-ST levels than initial levels among survivors. There was a significant positive correlation between day 1 sCD14-ST level and Tollner's sepsis severity score.

Conclusion sCD14-ST could be used as a powerful diagnostic and prognostic marker of EOS. Its quantitative measurement at birth could be a good predictor of sepsis severity and mortality.