bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the biodegradability of candidate metallic intravascular stent materials using X‐ray microfocus computed tomography: An in vitro study
Authors: Leyssens Lisa , Lapraille Noémie , Pyka Grzegorz , Jacques Pascal J. , Horman Sandrine , Goldman Jeremy , Kerckhofs Greet
Published: July 2024

In vitro testing for evaluating degradation mode and rate of candidate biodegradable metals to be used as intravascular stents is crucial before going to in vivo animal models. In this study, we show that X‐ray microfocus computed tomography (microCT) presents a key added value to visualize degradation mode and to evaluate degradation rate and material surface properties in 3D and at high resolution of large regions of interest. The in vitro degradation behavior of three candidate biodegradable stent materials was evaluated: pure iron (Fe), pure zinc (Zn), and a quinary Zn alloy (ZnAgCuMnZr). These metals were compared to a reference biostable cobaltchromium (CoCr) alloy. To compare the degradation mode and degradation rate evaluated with microCT, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and inductively‐coupled plasma (ICP) were included. We confirmed that Fe degrades very slowly but with desirable uniform surface corrosion. Zn degrades faster but exhibits localized deep pitting corrosion. The Zn alloy degrades at a similar rate as the pure Zn, but more homogeneously. However, the formation of deep internal dendrites was observed. Our study provides a detailed microCT‐based comparison of essential surface and corrosion properties, with a structural characterization of the corrosion behavior, of different candidate stent materials in 3D in a non‐destructive way.
Long noncoding RNA LINC01550 inhibits colorectal cancer malignancy by suppressing the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Weiyun , Li Aiting , He Huanjin , Ye Shicai , Zhou Zhuliang , Quan Juan‐Hua , Tan Wenkai
Published: July 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with the progression of various cancers, including CRC. Herein, we explored the function of lncRNA LINC01550 in CRC. LINC01550 expression in CRC was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The diagnostic value of LINC01550 was evaluated using ROC curves. The relationship between clinicopathological variables and LINC01550 expression was explored, and its prognostic value was assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. The relationship between LINC01550 expression and immune cell infiltration was analyzed using CIBERSORT. Tumor‐associated mutations and drug sensitivity were compared between high and low LINC01550 expression groups. The effects of LINC01550 overexpression on CRC cells were investigated using CCK‐8, flow cytometry, wound healing, Transwell, qRT‐PCR, and western blot assays. LINC01550 was downregulated in CRC tissues, and the low expression of LINC01550 was correlated with advanced stage and metastasis. CRC patients with low LINC01550 expression had poorer overall survival. LINC01550 expression was an independent risk factor for CRC prognosis. APC and TP53 mutations were more frequent in the low LINC01550 expression group, while the high LINC01550 expression group was significantly more sensitive to 5‐fluorouracil, irinotecan, trametinib, gemcitabine, rapamycin, and XAV939. LINC01550 overexpression suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of HCT‐116 and HT‐29 cells and promoted apoptosis. LINC01550 exerted these effects by inhibiting Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Our results suggest LINC01550 as a diagnostic and prognostic predictor in CRC that acts as a tumor suppressor and a potential therapeutic target.
Melatonin regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress in diverse pathophysiological contexts: A comprehensive mechanistic review
Authors: de Almeida Chuffa Luiz Gustavo , Seiva Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira , Silveira Henrique S. , Cesário Roberta Carvalho , da Silva Tonon Karolina , Simão Vinicius Augusto , Zuccari Debora Aparecida P. C. , Reiter Russel J.
Published: July 2024

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for protein quality control, and disruptions in its function can lead to various diseases. ER stress triggers an adaptive response called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which can either restore cellular homeostasis or induce cell death. Melatonin, a safe and multifunctional compound, shows promise in controlling ER stress and could be a valuable therapeutic agent for managing the UPR. By regulating ER and mitochondrial functions, melatonin helps maintain cellular homeostasis via reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Melatonin can directly or indirectly interfere with ER‐associated sensors and downstream targets of the UPR, impacting cell death, autophagy, inflammation, molecular repair, among others. Crucially, this review explores the mechanistic role of melatonin on ER stress in various diseases including liver damage, neurodegeneration, reproductive disorders, pulmonary disease, cardiomyopathy, insulin resistance, renal dysfunction, and cancer. Interestingly, while it alleviates the burden of ER stress in most pathological contexts, it can paradoxically stimulate ER stress in cancer cells, highlighting its intricate involvement in cellular homeostasis. With numerous successful studies using in vivo and in vitro models, the continuation of clinical trials is imperative to fully explore melatonin's therapeutic potential in these conditions.
Safety of intravitreally delivered AAV2 vector‐mediated multi‐characteristic opsin genetic construct in wild type beagle dogs
Authors: Mohanty Samarendra , Batabyal Subrata , Ayyagari Ananta , Sharif Najam A.
Published: July 2024

Background

A novel adeno‐associated virus 2 (AAV2)‐carried multi‐characteristic opsin (MCO) (MCO‐010) is undergoing several clinical trials as a novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of degenerative retinal diseases including retinitis pigmentosa and Stargardt disease. The present study aimed to determine the ocular and systemic safety of MCO‐010 and the AAV2 vehicle in adult Beagle dogs following intravitreal (IVT) injection.

Methods

The current safety/toxicology studies spanning 13 weeks described here utilized well‐documented techniques to assess the effects of IVT injection of MCO‐010 up to 2.2 × 1011 genome copies (gc) per eye, or the AAV2 capsid (vehicle control) on gross behavioral and immunogenic changes, alterations in body weights, blood biochemistry, hematology, blood coagulation, gross necropsy lesions, organ weight changes and histopathology in the dogs (n = 4 per group; two males and two females per group). Immunohistochemical and functional electroretinogram studies were also conducted to determine MCO expression in the retina and determine any retinal toxicity associated with MCO‐010.

Results

There were no significant deleterious effects of the MCO‐010 (or the AAV2 at the tested doses) on any of the examined parameters, including the absence of any severe ocular or systemic adverse events. However, as expected, inflammation after IVT delivery of AAV2 and MCO‐010 was observed in the conjunctivae of all groups of animals, although this self‐resolved within 1 week post‐injection. Quantitative immunohistochemical analyses of MCO‐010‐associated mCherry revealed successful delivery of the gene therapy within the inner retina.

Conclusions

In summary, MCO‐010 demonstrated a favorable safety profile when administered to the eyes of adult Beagle dogs of both sexes at dose levels up to 2.2 × 1011 gc per eye, with no adverse effects observed. This dose was identified as the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (i.e. NOAEL) and guided selection of safe doses for human clinical trials.
Synthesis of substituted 5,6,7,8‐tetrafluoro‐1H‐benzo[f]indol‐4,9‐diones based on the reaction of hexafluoro‐1,4‐napthoquinone with methyl 3‐aminocrotonates
Authors: Kudryavtseva Ekaterina N. , Lichitsky Boris V. , Komogortsev Andrey N. , Milyutin Constantine V. , Tretyakov Evgeny V.
Published: July 2024

For the first time, the possibility of using hexafluoro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone for the construction of condensed heterocyclic system was demonstrated. As a result, two‐step synthesis of previously unknown 5,6,7,8‐tetrafluoro‐1H‐benzo[f]indol‐4,9‐dione derivatives was elaborated. The suggested method includes initial interaction of hexafluoro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with various methyl 3‐aminocrotonates and subsequent intramolecular cyclization into the target fluorinated benzo[f]indole‐4,9‐diones. The distinctive feature of considered protocol is regiospecific reaction of fluorine atoms in quinone fragment. Advantages of the presented approach are simple synthetic procedure avoiding chromatographic purification, atom economy and readily available starting materials. The structure of one of the synthesized compounds was established by x‐ray analysis.
Implementing a male‐specific ART counselling curriculum: a quality assessment with healthcare workers in Malawi
Authors: Robson Isabella , Mphande Misheck , Lee Jiyoung , Hubbard Julie Anne , Daniels Joseph , Phiri Khumbo , Chikuse Elijah , Coates Thomas J. , Cornell Morna , Dovel Kathryn
Published: July 2024

Introduction

There is little HIV counselling that directly meets the needs of men in Eastern and Southern Africa, limiting men's knowledge about the benefits of HIV treatment and how to overcome barriers to engagement, contributing to poorer HIV‐related outcomes than women. Male‐specific approaches are needed to improve men's outcomes but may be difficult for healthcare workers (HCWs) to implement with fidelity and quality in low‐resource settings. We developed a male‐specific counselling curriculum which was implemented by male HCWs and then conducted a mixed‐methods quality assessment.

Methods

We audio‐recorded counselling sessions to assess the quality of implementation (n = 50) by male HCWs from two cadres (nurse, n = 10 and lay cadre, n = 10) and conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with HCWs at 6 and 9 months after rollout to understand barriers and facilitators to implementation. Counselling sessions and FGDs were translated, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis adapted from WHO Quality Counselling Guidelines. We assessed if sessions were respectful, informative, interactive, motivating and included tailored action plans for overcoming barriers to care. All data were collected September 2021−June 2022.

Results

All sessions used respectful, non‐judgemental language. Sessions were highly interactive with most HCWs frequently asking open‐ended questions (n = 46, 92%) and often incorporating motivational explanations of how antiretroviral therapy contributes to life goals (n = 42, 84%). Few sessions included individually tailored action plans for clients to overcome barriers to care (n = 9, 18%). New counselling themes were well covered; however, occasionally themes of self‐compassion and safe sex were not covered during sessions (n = 16 and n = 11). HCWs believed that having male HCWs conduct counselling, ongoing professional development and keeping detailed counselling notes facilitated quality implementation. Perceived barriers included curriculum length and client hesitancy to participate in action plan development. Findings were similar across cadres.

Conclusions

Implementing high‐quality male‐specific counselling using male nurses and/or lay cadre is feasible. Efforts to utilize lay cadres should be prioritized, particularly in low‐resource settings. Programmes should provide comprehensive job aids to support HCWs. Ongoing training and professional development are needed to (1) improve HCWs’ skills in tailored action plans, and (2) sensitize HCWs to the need for self‐compassion within male clients to promote holistic sexual health.
Incidences of new hepatitis B infection and anti‐hepatitis B core‐negative occult hepatitis B infection among Japanese blood donors in relation to anti‐hepatitis B surface antigen levels
Authors: Satake Masahiro , Sugiyama Masaya , Mizokami Masashi , Tanaka Junko
Published: July 2024

A transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused by blood only positive for anti‐hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs) was reported. Occult HBV infection (OBI) with sole anti‐HBs among blood donors is an issue. The incidence of HBV infection among repeat blood donors was investigated with a detailed HBV infection phase, focusing on the influence of anti‐HBs level. This study followed 3 435 653 donors for HBV DNA conversion over 4 years and 9 months. Infection phase was determined based on marker changes over DNA conversion. This study identified 115 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) conversions, 72 DNA‐only conversions, and 15 DNA plus anti‐hepatitis B core (anti‐HBc) conversions among donors all negative for HBV DNA, HBsAg, and anti‐HBc. Total incidence was 2.38/100 000 person‐years (PY). None of these 202 new HBV infections arose in the group with anti‐HBs titer ≥ 10 mIU/mL. In total, 30 anti‐HBc‐negative OBIs were identified (incidence; 0.35/100 000 PY); 7 showed typical secondary anti‐HBs response, and 23 showed stable anti‐HBc and anti‐HBs levels at DNA conversion. The HBV infection‐protective ability of anti‐HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL was reinforced. In addition to new infections, the blood donor population includes anti‐HBc‐positive‐ and negative OBI with immune reactions or abortive HBV infection.
The signature of the main modes of climatic variability as revealed by the Jenkinson‐Collison classification over Europe
Authors: Fernández‐Granja Juan A. , Bedia Joaquín , Casanueva Ana , Brands Swen , Fernández Jesús
Published: July 2024

The Jenkinson‐Collison Weather Typing (JC‐WT) method uses sea‐level pressure gradients to create 27 types based on the geostrophic flow and vorticity around any extratropical target location. Typically, JC‐WTs are applied over specific locations or limited domains, thus hampering the understanding of the impact of large‐scale mechanisms on regional climate. This study explores the links between regional climate variability, as represented by the JC‐WTs, and large‐scale phenomena, to describe the synoptic‐scale variability in the North Atlantic‐European region and evaluate the JC‐WT methodology. Large‐scale circulation is here characterized by major atmospheric low‐frequency modes, namely the North Atlantic Oscillation, the East Atlantic and the Scandinavian teleconnection indices, and by atmospheric blockings. Results show that JC‐WTs coherently capture the spatial and temporal variability of the large‐scale modes and yields a characteristic response to blocking events. Overall, our results underpin the exploratory potential of this method for the analysis of the near‐surface circulation. These findings endorse the use of JC‐WTs and support the reliability and utility of the JC‐WT classification for process‐based model assessments and model selection, a crucial task for climate impact studies.
Segmenting social media users in international tourism: Insights integrated from multi‐homing theory and international visitor survey data
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Ho , Yen Alan
Published: July 2024

This study utilizes multi‐homing theory to assess international travelers' usage of social media platforms, revealing insights into their gender, country of origin, generation cohorts, and travel purposes. These insights can guide the development of effective social media marketing strategies for national destination management organizations (DMOs). Data from South Korea's 2019 International Visitor Survey (with 12,194 participants) was analyzed using chi‐square and correspondence analysis techniques. The results revealed distinctive preferences of international visitors among generational cohorts with different travel purposes across 19 countries in the usage of online travel communities, social network platforms, video‐sharing platforms, and travel blogs. Understanding the dynamics of social media platforms helps national DMOs enhance their social media marketing strategies for international visitors, based on the multi‐sided platform usage paradigm. Nevertheless, acknowledging the study's limitations points towards potential avenues for future research.
An evaluation of potential inbreeding depression in wild Mexican wolves
Authors: Clement Matthew J. , Oakleaf John K. , Heffelfinger James R. , Gardner Colby , deVos Jim , Rubin Esther S. , Greenleaf Allison R. , Dilgard Bailey , Gipson Philip S.
Published: July 2024

Estimates of the influence of inbreeding on the fitness of wild animals can guide genetic conservation in rare species. Conservation genetics is important in Mexican wolves (Canis lupus baileyi) because the current population descended from 7 founders and mean inbreeding is relatively high. As an endangered subspecies, Mexican wolves are actively managed using select conflict avoidance measures and by placing captive‐born foster pups into wild litters. We obtained data on inbreeding coefficients of wolf pups and adults based on a pedigree dating to 1957 and data on reproduction for wild wolf packs during 1998–2022. We estimated trends in inbreeding coefficients and the associations between dam, sire, and pup inbreeding coefficients and pup recruitment to age 9 months, and assessed 3 components of recruitment: probability of producing a litter, number of pups produced, and recruitment conditional on successful reproduction. We generated estimates using generalized linear mixed models and bootstrapped estimates of confidence intervals. Mean inbreeding coefficients were high (0.227, SD = 0.047) in the wild population, but we detected no significant evidence of an increase during 2010–2022. Overall, the net associations of dam, sire, and pup inbreeding coefficients with our primary fitness metric, pup recruitment to age 9 months, did not differ from zero. While high inbreeding coefficients are a concern for the long‐term recovery of the subspecies, the stable level of inbreeding, lack of evidence for inbreeding depression, high pup production (5.1 pups/litter, SD = 1.64), and rapid population growth (384% increase from 2010–2022) indicate that inbreeding has not prevented rapid progress towards recovery goals under current management practices.
Scedosporium Infection After Intralesional Steroid Injections for Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Papuc Melissa , Sugumaran Manikandan
Published: July 2024

Intralesional steroid injections are commonly used to treat idiopathic subglottic stenosis and are believed to have minimal systemic effects. This case report presents an immunocompetent 67‐year‐old woman with idiopathic subglottic stenosis who developed Scedosporium apiospermum infection of the subglottis following in‐office steroid injections, suggesting a potential risk for infection associated with this treatment. This highlights the need for further research to understand the impact of intralesional steroid injections on local and systemic immunocompetency to inform treatment protocols for idiopathic subglottic stenosis. Laryngoscope, 2024
Tough Self‐Healing Materials via In Situ Growth of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 Nanocrystals in Polymers
Authors: Xiao Weiye , Song Yan , Li Chao , Yao Qiwen , Li Guo Liang
Published: July 2024

Construction of self‐healing materials with improved mechanical performance is a great challenge. A strong and tough self‐healing composite is fabricated via in situ growth of zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) nanocrystals in imidazole‐containing polymer networks. By adjusting the stoichiometric ratio of the zinc salt to 2‐methylimidazole, composites with various mechanical performances are obtained. The existence of ZIF‐8 nanocrystals via in situ growth in the polymer networks is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The zinc–imidazole interactions between the ZIF‐8 nanocrystals and the polymer are confirmed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. The composites can repair themselves under mild conditions owing to dynamic zinc–imidazole interactions. The self‐healing efficiency of composites can reach up to 91% under the condition of 60 °C for 48 h. In contrast to the pure zinc cation crosslinking system, the composite containing ZIF‐8 nanocrystals prepared via in situ growth exhibited enhanced tensile strength and toughness by 43% and 100%, respectively. This study proves that incorporating the metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) materials into a self‐healing system via an in situ growth strategy is highly promising for designing self‐healing materials with improved mechanical performance.
Features of the structure and properties of stone mastic asphalt
Authors: Bieliatynskyi A. , Yang S. , Pershakov V. , Shao M. , Ta M.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the features and properties of stone mastic asphalt in the context of its potential for practical application in road repair works, aiming to create a high‐quality road surface and replace outdated structural materials with newer alternatives. The leading approach combines a systematic analysis of the issues submitted for consideration and an experimental study of the properties of stone mastic asphalt, which are important in the context of the practical use of this building material to ensure high quality parameters of the roadway and the timeliness of its repair, if necessary. Within the framework of this study, results were obtained that indicate a significant variety of approaches to determining the characteristics and properties of the material under consideration, clearly demonstrating current solutions to the problem of improving the performance of stone mastic asphalt by introducing special admixtures into its composition. The findings and conclusions of this research are valuable for road service employees and developers of modern construction materials, aiding in high‐quality road surface repair and creating durable asphalt for safe road use in the future.
In vivo examination of pathogenicity and virulence in environmentally isolated Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Pipes Shannon E. , Lovell Charles R. , Kathrein Katie L.
Published: July 2024

Human exposure to Vibrio vulnificus, a gram‐negative, halophilic environmental pathogen, is increasing. Despite this, the mechanisms of its pathogenicity and virulence remain largely unknown. Each year, hundreds of infections related to V. vulnificus occur, leading to hospitalization in 92% of cases and a mortality rate of 35%. The infection is severe, typically contracted through the consumption of contaminated food or exposure of an open wound to contaminated water. This can result in necrotizing fasciitis and the need for amputation of the infected tissue. Although several genes (rtxA1, vvpE, and vvhA) have been implicated in the pathogenicity of this organism, a defined mechanism has not been discovered. In this study, we examine environmentally isolated V. vulnificus strains using a zebrafish model (Danio rerio) to investigate their virulence capabilities. We found significant variation in virulence between individual strains. The commonly used marker gene of disease‐causing strains, vcgC, did not accurately predict the more virulent strains. Notably, the least virulent strain in the study, V. vulnificus Sept WR1‐BW6, which tested positive for vcgC, vvhA, and rtxA1, did not cause severe disease in the fish and was the only strain that did not result in any mortality. Our study demonstrates that virulence varies greatly among different environmental strains and cannot be accurately predicted based solely on genotype.
Management myopia and green investment: Evidence from China
Authors: Jin Meilin , Li Xinyao , Liu Bei , Li Jincheng
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the impact of management myopia on the investment behavior of green investors using A‐share listed companies from 2004 to 2020 in China. The research reveals that management myopia significantly inhibits the investment behavior of green investors. Through corporate reputation and the development of green technologies, management myopia affects the investment intentions of green investors. Environmental project subsidies do not mitigate the negative impact of management myopia on green investment intentions. Interestingly, compared to environmentally friendly projects categorized under “profit‐related” and “reward” headings, subsidies in the form of environmental project grants exacerbate the inhibitory effect of management myopia on green investment.
Excess is just as bad as deficiency: Parent director appointments and subsidiary innovation input
Authors: Wang Chenyan , Ye Songqin , Zhang Xiufan
Published: July 2024

Corporate parents are important to subsidiary development. Drawing on the parent–subsidiary relationship perspective, this paper examines the impact of parent director appointments on subsidiary innovation input. Although existing research indicates that disproportional board representation can enhance control, the literature is silent on the effects of proportional board representation. Using a sample of listed nonfinancial Chinese subsidiaries between 2007 and 2021, we find that parent director appointments in line with shareholdings significantly enhance subsidiary innovation input. The positive effect is more pronounced when the parent appoints an executive manager, and the subsidiary operates in regions with a favorable institutional environment. Based on the analysis of innovation willingness and resource, the mechanism test reveals that parent moderate appointment of directors can improve innovation input by alleviating financial constraints and fostering a greater appetite for risk.
Global behavior and optimal control of a dengue transmission model with standard incidence rates and self‐protection
Authors: Guo Songbai , Pan Qianqian , Cui Jing‐An , Silva P. Damith Nilanga
Published: July 2024

It takes into account that conscious, susceptible individuals with self‐protection cannot be infected by mosquito bites, a seven‐dimensional dengue transmission model with self‐protection, and two different standard incidence rates are proposed. Our focus is on discussing the global behavior and the optimal control of the model. We first calculate the control reproduction number
and determine that if
, the model has a unique dengue equilibrium
. Furthermore, we obtain the local stability of dengue‐free equilibrium
and the dengue equilibrium
by using the method of proof by contradiction. By utilizing the limit system of the model and the Lyapunov direct method, we acquire that
is globally stable if
;
is globally attractive if
, and if
, the model is weakly persistent with a thorough analysis, and then
is globally stable. Finally, in order to minimize investment in dengue transmission, an optimal control strategy with four control variables is presented using Pontryagin's minimum principle.
Psychometric properties of the Short‐Form Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire among nursing students in China: A confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Wang Huan , Dai Zhenwei , Jing Shu , Wang Hao , Xiao Weijun , Huang Yiman , Chen Xu , Su Xiaoyou
Published: July 2024

Aim

To analyse the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese Short‐Form Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ‐SF) among nursing students in the Chinese mainland.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A total of 240 undergraduate nursing students were recruited from a school of nursing in Beijing, China from 25 to 30 April 2021. FFMQ‐SF and Depression‐Anxiety‐Stress Scale were used to collect information on the mindfulness level and mental health status of the study participants. Descriptive analyses were performed to examine the demographic characteristics. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to test the structural, convergent and discriminant validity of the scale model. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the variables and the criterion validity.

Results

The overall fit of the scale model is good (Bollen–Stine χ2 = 177.206, df = 142, GFI = 0.923, AGFI = 0.883, TLI = 0.980, CFI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.032, SRMR = 0.090). One‐factor models using CFA demonstrated the overall best fit for four out of five subscales of the FFMQ‐SF. In the five‐factor CFA of the FFMQ‐SF, the composite reliability values of the five factors were from 0.685 to 0.870 and the values of average variance extracted were from 0.426 to 0.627.

Patient or Public Contribution

The students who participated in this study contributed to the advancement of knowledge on mindfulness and mental health among nursing students in China. They voluntarily completed the online questionnaires and provided their honest and valid responses. Their data was used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the FFMQ‐SF and to examine the relationship between mindfulness and psychological problems. Their feedback also helped to improve the quality and applicability of the FFMQ‐SF instrument for future research and practice.
Efficacy of an mHealth‐delivered behavioral intervention on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk in African American postpartum people with overweight or obesity: the SnapBack randomized controlled trial
Authors: Herring Sharon J. , Yu Daohai , Darden Niesha , Bailer Brooke , Cruice Jane , Albert Jessica J. , Santoro Christine , Bersani Veronica , Hart Chantelle N. , Finkelstein Eric A. , Kilby Linda M. , Lu Xiaoning , Bennett Gary B. , Foster Gary D.
Published: July 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a mobile health (mHealth)‐delivered behavioral intervention on changes in postpartum weight and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure [BP], lipids, and hemoglobin A1c) over 12 months.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial of 300 African American postpartum people with overweight and obesity enrolled in Philadelphia Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics was conducted. Participants were randomized to usual WIC care (n = 151) or a 12‐month mHealth‐delivered intervention (n = 149) comprising behavior change goals, interactive self‐monitoring text messages, and counseling support.

Results

Intervention and usual‐care participants did not significantly differ in 12‐month mean postpartum weight change (1.1 vs. 1.6 kg, p = 0.5; difference −0.6 kg, 95% CI: −2.3 to 1.2). However, high intervention engagement led to weight loss compared with weight gain among those who were less engaged (−0.6 vs. 2.4 kg, p = 0.01; difference −3.0 kg, 95% CI: −5.4 to −0.6). The intervention reduced systolic BP relative to usual care (−1.6 vs. 2.4 mm Hg, p = 0.02; difference −4.0 mm Hg, 95% CI: −7.5 to −0.5), but this effect did not extend to other cardiometabolic risk factors.

Conclusions

Among African American postpartum people enrolled in WIC, an mHealth‐delivered intervention reduced systolic BP but not additional cardiometabolic risk factors or weight. Intervention participants with high engagement had significantly better postpartum weight outcomes, and thus, next steps include addressing barriers to engagement.
A non‐randomized comparison of engagement and outcomes for in‐person versus virtual delivery of the Partner2Lose weight management trial
Authors: Carpenter Stephanie M. , Shetty Armaan , Hetzel Scott J. , Garza Katya , Porter Laura S. , Gray Kristen E. , Shaw Ryan J. , Lewis Megan A. , Mao Lu , Pabich Samantha , Johnson Heather M. , Yancy William S. , Elwert Felix , Voils Corrine I.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Existing behavioral weight management interventions produce clinically meaningful weight loss. The onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic led to the quick transition of such interventions from in‐person to virtual platforms. This provided a unique opportunity to compare engagement and outcomes for an in‐person versus virtually delivered weight management intervention.

Methods

A non‐randomized comparison of engagement and weight outcomes was performed between two cohorts who participated in a weight management intervention in person (N = 97) versus three who participated virtually via videoconference (N = 134). Various metrics of engagement were examined, including group class and individual phone call attendance and duration, and retention for weight assessments. Behavioral targets of daily caloric intake and step‐counts and the clinical weight outcome were explored.

Results

Cohorts (mean [standard deviation] age 47.3 (11.5), 67.1% women: 86.8% White) that participated virtually attended more group sessions (p < 0.001) and had maintenance telephone calls that were of a longer duration (p < 0.001). No other engagement or weight outcomes significantly differed by delivery modality.

Conclusions

Virtual weight management programs are promising and may generate similar outcomes to those delivered in‐person. Future research should seek to understand how best to promote and sustain engagement in virtual interventions.
The frequent five: Insights from interviews with urban wildlife professionals in Germany
Authors: Moesch Simon S. , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Lokatis Sophie , Peerenboom Geva , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Straka Tanja M. , Haase Dagmar
Published: July 2024

Wildlife in cities divides people, with some animals bringing positive benefits and others causing conflict, for example due to property damage.

Urban wildlife professionals from municipal administration, nature conservation, and hunting associations have a crucial role in shaping human‐wildlife relationships in cities and fostering conflict‐free coexistence. While many studies on urban wildlife have focused on the views of citizens, few have investigated the perspectives of experts to date. To address this knowledge gap, we interviewed 36 urban wildlife professionals giving guidance in the context of urban wildlife management, either in one of the four largest German cities by population (Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Cologne) or at the national level.

Red foxes, wild boars, raccoons, stone martens and Eurasian beavers were the five mammal species most frequently highlighted in interviews to cause human‐wildlife conflicts. The interviewees saw wild boars and raccoons as the most controversial urban wild mammals but emphasized the need to create refuges for beavers and better inform the public about foxes.

Management in terms of public outreach, urban planning and population control, as well as establishing official contact points and stricter fines of activities violating regulations were highlighted as important elements of a toolkit to manage urban wildlife conflicts.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The predictive power of coping strategies of pediatric oncology patients on their quality of life and their attitudes toward diseases
Authors: Semerci Remziye , Savaş Eysan Hanzade , Uysal Gülzade , Alki Kübra
Published: July 2024

Background/objectives

Pediatric oncology patients face several physical and psychological challenges that can significantly impact their quality of life (QoL) and attitudes toward their illness. Coping strategies are pivotal in managing the emotional and physical burdens of disease. This study aimed to examine the impact of coping strategies of pediatric oncology patients on their QoL and attitudes towards their illness.

Design/methods

The descriptive, correlational, and cross‐sectional study was conducted with 112 pediatric oncology patients aged 10–18 years. The Sociodemographic Form, Pediatric Cancer Coping Scale (PCCS), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and Child Attitude Towards Illness Scale (CATIS) were used for data collection.

Results

Significant correlations were identified between cognitive coping, defensive coping, and CATIS (p < .001). The PCCS and subdimensions significantly predicted CATIS (p < .001), accounting for 15.3% of the cognitive and defensive coping variation. However, there was no relationship between PCCS total and subdimension scores on PedsQL (p = .534). The PedsQL and subdimensions significantly predicted CATIS (p < .001) and accounted for 27.2% of the variation in physical health summary score, emotional functioning, psychosocial health summary score, and total PedsQL score.

Conclusion

The study reveals that cognitive coping strategies positively predict attitudes toward illness, whereas defensive coping strategies have an inverse effect. The study proposes that comprehensive care models in pediatric oncology support effective coping mechanisms and enhance the QoL of those who receive them.
Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in pediatric hematology‐oncology patients
Authors: Phan Vivian , Richards Tiana , Kang Keehyo , Sheridan Michael , Levorson Rebecca , deFilippi Christopher , Yang Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic disproportionately affected persons with underlying medical conditions. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection susceptibility and vaccine effectiveness in pediatric hematology‐oncology patients were unknown.

Methods

From February to July 2022, anti‐spike and anti‐nucleocapsid Ig were assayed in 354 pediatric hematology‐oncology subjects, including 53 oncology patients receiving chemotherapy (cancer), 150 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), and 151 benign consult and long‐term follow‐up patients (controls). Participants completed a questionnaire.

Results

Frequencies of COVID‐19 infection, defined by positive PCR/antigen test or anti‐nucleocapsid Ig, were 62% in cancer, 71% in SCD, 52% in controls, with SCD statistically different than controls (p = .001). Infection was associated with COVID‐19 exposure, Hispanic/Latino or Black/African American ethnicity, multi‐family dwelling, sports participation; COVID‐19 booster decreased association with infection. In COVID‐19‐positive cancer patients, 58% had positive anti‐nucleocapsid and 76% had positive anti‐spike (≥10 U/mL), compared to essentially 100% seroconversion in SCD and controls (p < .0001, p = .01, respectively). Infection led to high anti‐spike (≥2500 U/mL) in 12% cancer, 14% SCD, and 15% controls (p = .93). Vaccination resulted in anti‐spike positivity in 90% cancer, 100% SCD, and 100% controls (p = .06), and in high anti‐spike in 20% cancer, 47% SCD, and 41% controls (p = .36). Of boosted subjects, one of two cancer, 6/6 SCD, and 19/19 controls exhibited high anti‐spike.

Conclusions

Cancer patients demonstrated similar SARS‐CoV‐2 infection frequency as controls, but diminished antibody response to infection and vaccination. SCD patients exhibited seroconversion indistinguishable from controls. Vaccination was associated with higher frequency of high anti‐spike than infection; vaccination plus booster was most effective in eliciting high anti‐spike antibody detectable beyond 90 days.
Layup design and mechanical properties of an optimal dome profile
Authors: Wang Yutao , Xu Haojie , Song Hao , Li Kangmei , Hu Jun
Published: July 2024

The development of lightweight and high‐performance composite pressure vessels have become a popular research objective. The purpose of this study is to the layup design and improve the mechanical properties of pressure vessel structure with optimal dome profile under an internal pressure of 70 MPa. First, the prediction equations of fiber thickness for the cylindrical and dome sections are provided. Second, the influence laws of linear parameters on fiber layer thickness distribution are analyzed. Third, the optimal dome profile is used as the pressure vessel structure for the layup design, and the variable polar hole process is applied to solve the fiber thickness accumulation problem near the polar holes. Finally, the composite pressure vessel is modeled using Abaqus finite element software, and the stress and strain distributions of the liner and the composite layer under different internal pressure loads are analyzed under self‐tightening pressure. Results show that the variable polar hole process reduces the maximum thickness value by nearly 50.16% at the maximum fiber thickness of the dome. Under working pressure, the maximum stress of the liner is reduced by 43.41% after applying self‐tightening pressure. In addition, the variable polar hole process can effectively realize the lightweighting of composite pressure vessels while self‐tightening pressure can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the liner. This research provides a valuable reference for the design of composite pressure vessels.

Highlights

Fiber accumulation occurs in two bandwidth regions near the polar hole.

The variable polar hole process can solve the fiber accumulation problem.

The optimum dome profile geometric parameters are m = 0.8 and rc = 0.4R.

The self‐tightening pressure improves liner loading capacity.
Buckling analysis of hybrid fiber‐reinforced composite sandwich panels with varying numbers of polyurethane cores
Authors: Wang Shaoqing , Qiao Yanmei , Song Yaqin , Zhai Zhilin , Yang Guangbao , Guo Anfu , Qu Peng , Wang Guangxue , Wang Weigang
Published: July 2024

Hybrid fiber‐reinforced composite sandwich panels with multi‐layer polyurethane cores are widely applied in aerospace, automotive, construction, and shipbuilding industries. This study aims to investigate the buckling performance of composite structures with varying numbers of polyurethane cores. To achieve this, the buckling loads of these structures are determined using an energy method, microscopic mechanics method, and the first‐order zigzag kinematic model. The accuracy of the equation employed in the algorithm is validated using the finite element method. Additionally, we conduct a parametric analysis to examine the influence of various parameters on the buckling performance of the structures. The results indicate that an effective strategy for improving the critical buckling loads of the hybrid fiber‐reinforced composite sandwich plate involves strategically placing fibers and matrix materials with higher elastic modulus on the skin layer. Moreover, the critical buckling load is notably influenced by the number and positioning of polyurethane layers, as well as the fiber content.

Highlights

An analytical model is established to predict the buckling behavior.

The correctness of the model was verified using the finite element method.

Effects of structural parameters on buckling performance were investigated.
Research progress on hippocampal neurogenesis in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Chen Mengxiang , Guo Lanmin , Li Qinghong , Yang Shunbo , Li Wei , Lai Yanmei , Lv Zhihai
Published: July 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of severe neurodevelopmental disorders with unclear etiology and significant heterogeneity that is emerging as a global public health concern. Increasing research suggests the involvement of hippocampal neurogenesis defects in the onset and development of ASD, drawing increasing amounts of attention to hippocampal neurogenesis issues in ASD. In this paper, we analyze relevant international studies on hippocampal neurogenesis in ASD, discuss the role of neurobiology in the pathogenesis of ASD, and explore the potential of improving hippocampal neurogenesis as a therapeutic approach for ASD. This review aims to provide new treatment perspectives and theoretical foundations for clinical practice.
Investigating a role for PUB17 and PUB16 in the self‐incompatibility signaling pathway in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Beronilla Paula K. S. , Goring Daphne R.
Published: July 2024

In Brassicaceae self‐incompatibility (SI), self‐pollen rejection is initiated by the S‐haplotype specific interactions between the pollen S cysteine‐rich/S‐locus protein 11 (SCR/SP11) ligands and the stigma S receptor kinases (SRK). In Brassica SI, a member of the Plant U‐Box (PUB) E3 ubiquitin ligases, ARM‐repeat containing 1 (ARC1), is then activated by SRK in this stigma and cellular events downstream of this cause SI pollen rejection by inhibiting pollen hydration and pollen tube growth. During the transition to selfing, Arabidopsis thaliana lost the SI components, SCR, SRK, and ARC1. However, this trait can be reintroduced into A. thaliana by adding back functional copies of these genes from closely related SI species. Both SCR and SRK are required for this, though the degree of SI pollen rejection varies between A. thaliana accessions, and ARC1 is not always needed to produce a strong SI response. For the A. thaliana C24 accession, only transforming with Arabidopsis lyrata SCR and SRK confers a strong SI trait (SI‐C24), and so here, we investigated if ARC1‐related PUBs were involved in the SI pathway in the transgenic A. thaliana SI‐C24 line. Two close ARC1 homologs, PUB17 and PUB16, were selected, and (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology was used to generate pub17 and pub16 mutations in the C24 accession. These mutants were then crossed into the transgenic A. thaliana SI‐C24 line and their potential impact on SI pollen rejection was investigated. Overall, we did not observe any significant differences in SI responses to implicate PUB17 and PUB16 functioning in the transgenic A. thaliana SI‐C24 stigma to reject SI pollen.
Cyclosporine A in children with ABCA3 deficiency
Authors: Yang Xiaohua , Forstner Maria_E. , Rothenaigner Ina , Bullo Marina , Şismanlar Tugba E. , Aslan Ayse T. , Latzin Philipp , Hadian Kamyar , Griese Matthias
Published: July 2024

Background

Biallelic ATP‐binding cassette subfamily A member 3 (ABCA3) variants can cause interstitial lung disease in children and adults, for which no proven treatments exist. Recent in vitro evidence suggested that cyclosporine A (CsA) could correct some ABCA3 variants, however for other variants this is unknown and no data in patients exist.

Methods

We retrieved the clinical data of two children aged 2 and 4 years carrying homozygous ABCA3 variants (G210C and Q1045R, respectively) and empiric CsA treatment from the Kids Lung Register database. In vitro experiments functionally characterized the two variants and explored the effects of CsA alone or combined with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in a human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) derived from adenocarcinoma cells.

Results

Six weeks following the introduction of CsA, both children required a reduced O2 flow supply, which then remained stable on CsA. Later, when CsA was discontinued, the clinical status of the children remained unchanged. Of note, the children simultaneously received prednisolone, azithromycin, and HCQ. In vitro, both ABCA3 variants demonstrated defective lysosomal colocalization and impaired ABCA3+ vesicle size, with proteolytic cleavage impairment only in Q1045R. CsA alone corrected the trafficking impairment and ABCA3+ vesicle size of both variants with a variant‐specific effect on phosphatidylcholine recycling in G210C. CsA combined with HCQ were additive for improving trafficking of ABCA3 in G210C, but not in Q1045R.

Conclusions

CsA treatment might be helpful for certain patients with ABCA3 deficiency, however, currently strong clinical supporting evidence is lacking. Appropriate trials are necessary to overcome this unmet need.