bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atomic layer deposition of titanium phosphate onto reinforcing fibers using titanium tetrachloride, water, and tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate as precursors
Authors: Dill Pauline , Ren Xiang , Hintersatz Helen , Franz Mathias , Dentel Doreen , Tegenkamp Christoph , Ebert Susann
Published: January 2022

A thermal atomic layer deposition process with precursors tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate (TTMSP), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), and water was used with various pulse sequences in order to deposit titanium phosphate onto bundles of carbon fibers (diameter of one filament = 7 μm, 6000 filaments per bundle) and flat silicon substrates. Pulse sequence 1, TTMSP/N2/TiCl4/N2, which comprises no water, yields no significant deposition. Pulse sequence 2, TTMSP/N2/H2O/N2/TiCl4/N2, which comprises a water pulse, yields a mixed phosphate/oxide coating and shows a self-limiting character at 200 °C with a growth per cycle of 0.22 nm cycle−1. Wet chemical analysis of the coating revealed a ratio of Ti:P between 3:1 and 2:1 in reasonable agreement with the composition Ti2.4P1O7 obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thus, the deposited material can approximately be described as a mixture of Ti¾PO4 and TiO2 in a molar ratio of 1:1.5. The coating shifts the temperature of the onset of oxidation—3% weight loss in thermogravimetry—of the carbon fibers from 630 °C (uncoated C-fiber) to 750 °C (with the titanium phosphate coating).
Many-body effects for the Mg 2s XPS of MgO
Authors: Bagus Paul S. , Nelin Connie J. , Brundle C. R. , Vincent Crist B.
Published: January 2022

The energy separation of the higher lying cation XPS binding energies, BEs, for MgO is examined. It is shown that the Hartree–Fock BEs overestimate the separation of the Mg BE(2s) and BE(2p), because an important many-body effect is neglected in the determination of the Hartree–Fock BEs. Once the many-body effect is taken into account, there is good agreement between theory and the XPS measurement. The character of this atomic many-body effect is established in terms of a nearly degenerate configuration that is needed to describe the wavefunction when an Mg 2s electron is ionized. The results provide additional evidence of the ionic character of the MgO crystal. Given the atomic character of the many-body effect, it is likely to apply also to the BE separations of other closed shell oxides.
Sequence specificity in DNA binding is mainly governed by association
Authors: Marklund Emil , Mao Guanzhong , Yuan Jinwen , Zikrin Spartak , Abdurakhmanov Eldar , Deindl Sebastian , Elf Johan
Published: January 2022

Sequence-specific binding of proteins to DNA is essential for accessing genetic information. We derive a model that predicts an anticorrelation between the macroscopic association and dissociation rates of DNA binding proteins. We tested the model for thousands of different
lac
operator sequences with a protein binding microarray and by observing kinetics for individual
lac
repressor molecules in single-molecule experiments. We found that sequence specificity is mainly governed by the efficiency with which the protein recognizes different targets. The variation in probability of recognizing different targets is at least 1.7 times as large as the variation in microscopic dissociation rates. Modulating the rate of binding instead of the rate of dissociation effectively reduces the risk of the protein being retained on nontarget sequences while searching.
Nests of dividing neuroblasts sustain interneuron production for the developing human brain
Authors: Paredes Mercedes F. , Mora Cristina , Flores-Ramirez Quetzal , Cebrian-Silla Arantxa , Del Dosso Ashley , Larimer Phil , Chen Jiapei , Kang Gugene , Gonzalez Granero Susana , Garcia Eric , Chu Julia , Delgado Ryan , Cotter Jennifer A. , Tang Vivian , Spatazza Julien , Obernier Kirsten , Ferrer Lozano Jaime , Vento Maximo , Scott Julia , Studholme Colin , Nowakowski Tomasz J. , Kriegstein Arnold R. , Oldham Michael C. , Hasenstaub Andrea , Garcia-Verdugo Jose Manuel , Alvarez-Buylla Arturo , Huang Eric J.
Published: January 2022

The human cortex contains inhibitory interneurons derived from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), a germinal zone in the embryonic ventral forebrain. How this germinal zone generates sufficient interneurons for the human brain remains unclear. We found that the human MGE (hMGE) contains nests of proliferative neuroblasts with ultrastructural and transcriptomic features that distinguish them from other progenitors in the hMGE. When dissociated hMGE cells are transplanted into the neonatal mouse brain, they reform into nests containing proliferating neuroblasts that generate young neurons that migrate extensively into the mouse forebrain and mature into different subtypes of functional interneurons. Together, these results indicate that the nest organization and sustained proliferation of neuroblasts in the hMGE provide a mechanism for the extended production of interneurons for the human forebrain.
Gametophyte genome activation occurs at pollen mitosis I in maize
Authors: Nelms Brad , Walbot Virginia
Published: January 2022

Flowering plants alternate between multicellular haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) generations. Pollen actively transcribes its haploid genome, providing phenotypic diversity even among pollen grains from a single plant. In this study, we used allele-specific RNA sequencing of single pollen precursors to follow the shift to haploid expression in maize pollen. We observed widespread biallelic expression for 11 days after meiosis, indicating that transcripts synthesized by the diploid sporophyte persist long into the haploid phase. Subsequently, there was a rapid and global conversion to monoallelic expression at pollen mitosis I, driven by active new transcription from the haploid genome. Genes showed evidence of increased purifying selection if they were expressed after (but not before) pollen mitosis I. This work establishes the timing during which haploid selection may act in pollen.
Indirect protection of children from SARS-CoV-2 infection through parental vaccination
Authors: Hayek Samah , Shaham Galit , Ben-Shlomo Yatir , Kepten Eldad , Dagan Noa , Nevo Daniel , Lipsitch Marc , Reis Ben Y. , Balicer Ran D. , Barda Noam
Published: January 2022

Children not vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may still benefit from vaccines through protection from vaccinated contacts. We estimated the protection provided to children through parental vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine. We studied households without prior infection consisting of two parents and unvaccinated children, estimating the effect of parental vaccination on the risk of infection for unvaccinated children. We studied two periods separately—an early period (17 January 2021 to 28 March 2021; Alpha variant, two doses versus no vaccination) and a late period (11 July 2021 to 30 September 2021; Delta variant, booster dose versus two vaccine doses). We found that having a single vaccinated parent was associated with a 26.0 and a 20.8% decreased risk in the early and late periods, respectively, and having two vaccinated parents was associated with a 71.7 and a 58.1% decreased risk, respectively. Thus, parental vaccination confers substantial protection on unvaccinated children in the household.
Modeling tuberous sclerosis with organoids
Authors: Ihrie Rebecca A. , Henske Elizabeth P.
Published: January 2022

Single-cell profiling reveals a different path for the development of brain lesions
The African trees that conquered Asia
Authors: Hoorn Carina , Lim Jun Ying
Published: January 2022

Fossil pollen from dipterocarps show shared floristic heritage between Asia and Africa
Edward O. Wilson (1929–2021)
Authors: Pimm Stuart
Published: January 2022

Pioneering naturalist with far-reaching insights
Paranormal activity
Authors: Kloor Keith
Published: January 2022

Why is Harvard University astrophysicist Avi Loeb working with ardent UFO believers?
After Omicron, some scientists foresee ‘a period of quiet’
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: January 2022

The variant’s modest toll in many countries has led to a sense of optimism. But new surprises are likely
Psychedelics without hallucinations?
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: January 2022

Chemical relatives of LSD appear to treat depression in mice
Whole-Genome Sequences of Nine Hospital-Associated Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains
Authors: Khan Saeed A. , Gudeta Dereje D. , Chon Jungwhan , Snippes Vagnone Paula , Nawaz Mohamed S. , Foley Steven L. , Sung Kidon
Published: January 2022

We present the draft genome sequences of nine hospital-associated methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
(HA-MSSA) strains. All strains were from Minnesota (eight from blood and one from bone), harbored various virulence genes, and showed diverse multilocus sequence typing and
spa
types.
Draft Genome Sequences of 27 Hospital-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated in Minnesota
Authors: Khan Saeed A. , Gudeta Dereje D. , Aljahdali Nesreen , Chon Jungwhan , Snippes Vagnone Paula , Nawaz Mohamed S. , Foley Steven L. , Sung Kidon
Published: January 2022

Infections caused by hospital-associated methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(HA-MRSA) strains have higher morbidity and mortality rates and require longer hospital stays than do those caused by hospital-associated methicillin-sensitive
Staphylococcus aureus
strains. To gain insight into their genomic makeup, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence potentials, here we present the draft whole-genome sequences of 27 HA-MRSA strains isolated in Minnesota.
Supplemental Material: A reconstruction of Apennine uplift history and the development of transverse drainages from longitudinal profile inversion
Authors: Pazzaglia Frank J. , Fisher James A.
Published: January 2022

File S1: 10Be TCN concentrations and Cronus calculator model of erosion rates for the Basento catchment. File S2: Excel data sheet of the weighted mean erodibility values and uncertainties, stream steepness, and erosion rate data. File S3: Tau-z plots for the ten analyzed catchments. Color bar is scaled to the different rock types in Table 2. File S4: MatLab scripts and sample input catchment and geology text files for the Reno catchment.
Association of renin and aldosterone with glucose metabolism in a Western European population: the KORA F4/FF4 study
Authors: Then Cornelia , Ritzel Katrin , Herder Christian , Then Holger , Sujana Chaterina , Heier Margit , Meisinger Christa , Peters Annette , Koenig Wolfgang , Rathmann Wolfgang , Roden Michael , Maalmi Haifa , Stumvoll Michael , Meitinger Thomas , Bidlingmaier Martin , Seissler Jochen , Thorand Barbara , Reincke Martin
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Primary aldosteronism is associated with impaired glucose tolerance. Whether plasma aldosterone and/or renin concentrations are associated with type 2 diabetes and continuous measures of glucose metabolism in the general population is still under debate.

Research design and methods

The analyses included 2931 participants of the KORA F4 study at baseline and 2010 participants of the KORA FF4 study after a median follow-up of 6.5 years. The associations of active plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations with type 2 diabetes and continuous measures of glucose metabolism were assessed using logistic and linear regression models. Results were adjusted for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate, potassium, use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta blockers, diuretics and calcium channel blockers.

Results

Cross-sectionally, renin was associated with type 2 diabetes (OR per SD: 1.25, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.43, p<0.001), fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, insulin, proinsulin, HOMA-B (homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function) and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) (all p values <0.001). Aldosterone was not associated with type 2 diabetes (OR: 1.04, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.19; p=0.547) but with insulin, proinsulin and HOMA-IR (all p values <0.001). The aldosterone–renin ratio was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes and several measures of glucose metabolism. Longitudinally, neither renin (OR: 1.12, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.36) nor aldosterone (OR: 0.91, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.11) were associated with incident type 2 diabetes. Renin was inversely associated with changes of insulin concentrations.

Conclusions

In the KORA F4/FF4 study, renin and aldosterone were not associated with incident type 2 diabetes and largely unrelated to changes of measures of glucose metabolism. Cross-sectionally, aldosterone was associated with surrogate parameters of insulin resistance. However, these associations were not independent of renin.
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase deficiency increases the risk of diabetes
Authors: Malo Jagannath , Alam Md Jahangir , Islam Salequl , Mottalib Md Abdul , Rocki Md Mehedi Hasan , Barmon Ginok , Tinni Shamema Akter , Barman Swapan K , Sarker Tapas , Khan Md Nayeemul Islam , Kaliannan Kanakaraju , Hasanat Muhammad Abul , Rahman Salimur , Pathan Md Faruque , Khan A K Azad , Malo Madhu S
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Our previous case–control study demonstrated that a high level of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), an endotoxin-detoxifying anti-inflammatory enzyme secreted by villus-associated enterocytes and excreted with stool, plays a protective role against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) irrespective of obesity. In the current study, we investigated the long-term effect of IAP deficiency (IAPD) on the pathogenesis of T2DM.

Research design and methods

A healthy cohort of participants without diabetes (30–60 years old), comprising 188 without IAPD (IAP level: ≥65 U/g stool) and 386 with IAPD (IAP level: <65 U/g stool), were followed up for 5 years. We measured stool IAP (STAP) and fasting plasma glucose, and calculated the risk ratio (RR) using log-binomial regression model.

Results

T2DM incidence rates were 8.0%, 11.7%, 25.6%, and 33.3% in participants with ‘persistent no IAPD’ (IAP level: always ≥65 U/g stool), ‘remittent IAPD’ (IAP level: increased from <65 U/g stool to ≥65 U/g stool), ‘persistent IAPD’ (IAP level: always <65 U/g stool), and ‘incident IAPD’ (IAP level: decreased from ≥65 U/g stool to <65 U/g stool), respectively. Compared with ‘persistent no IAPD’ the risk of developing T2DM with ‘incident IAPD’ was 270% higher (RR: 3.69 (95% CI 1.76 to 7.71), χ2p<0.001). With ‘persistent IAPD’ the risk was 230% higher (RR: 3.27 (95% CI 1.64 to 6.50), p<0.001). ‘Remittent IAPD’ showed insignificant risk (RR: 2.24 (95% CI 0.99 to 5.11), p=0.0541). Sensitivity analyses of persistent IAP levels revealed that, compared with participants of the highest persistent IAP pentile (always >115 U/g stool), the rate of increase of fasting glycemia was double and the risk of developing T2DM was 1280% higher (RR: 13.80 (95% CI 1.87 to 101.3), p=0.0099) in participants of the lowest persistent IAP pentile (always <15 U/g stool). A diabetes pathogenesis model is presented.

Conclusions

IAPD increases the risk of developing T2DM, and regular STAP tests would predict individual vulnerability to T2DM. Oral IAP supplementation might prevent T2DM.
Relationships between childhood trauma and dissociative, psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a case–control study
Authors: Uyan Tugce Taskin , Baltacioglu Mehmet , Hocaoglu Cicek
Published: January 2022

Background

Childhood trauma (CT) is an important risk factor in the emergence and clinical course of psychiatric disorders. In the latest literature, an association exists between CT and patients with schizophrenia. There is also a strong relationship between the dissociative symptoms of schizophrenia and the presence of CT.

Aims

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between CT and dissociative, positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

One hundred patients with schizophrenia and 100 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The Sociodemographic Data Form, Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered to all participants.

Results

The CTQ and DES scores of the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those of the control group. In patients with schizophrenia, a positive association was found between positive symptoms and DES scores. In terms of negative symptoms, a positive association was found between apathetic social withdrawal and CTQ-emotional neglect (EN), CTQ-physical neglect (PN) and CTQ total scores. There was a significant positive correlation between CTQ-EN scores and negative symptoms and PANSS scores. No significant relationship was found between negative symptoms and DES scores.

Conclusions

High rates of CT and dissociative symptoms are seen in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, the findings of the relationship between CT and dissociative, positive and negative symptoms are also noteworthy. Therefore, it may be important for clinicians to assess trauma history during the psychiatric evaluation of patients with schizophrenia.
Supraventricular arrhythmia in pregnancy
Authors: Ramlakhan Karishma P , Kauling Robert M , Schenkelaars Nicole , Segers Dolf , Yap Sing-Chien , Post Martijn C , Cornette Jérôme , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W
Published: January 2022

The physiological changes during pregnancy predispose a woman for the development of new-onset or recurrent arrhythmia. Supraventricular arrhythmia is the most common form of arrhythmia during pregnancy and, although often benign in nature, can be concerning. We describe three complex cases of supraventricular arrhythmia during pregnancy and review the currently available literature on the subject. In pregnancies complicated by arrhythmia, a plan for follow-up and both maternal and fetal monitoring during pregnancy, delivery and post partum should be made in a multidisciplinary team. Diagnostic modalities should be used as in non-pregnant women if there is an indication. All antiarrhythmic drugs cross the placenta, but when necessary, medical treatment should be used with consideration to the fetus and the mother’s altered pharmacodynamics and kinetics. Electrical cardioversion is safe during pregnancy, and electrophysiological study and catheter ablation can be performed in selected patients, preferably with zero-fluoroscopy technique. Sometimes, delivering the fetus (if viable) is the best therapeutic option. In this review, we provide a framework for the workup and clinical management of supraventricular arrhythmias in pregnant women, including cardiac, obstetric and neonatal perspectives.
Meta-analysis and systematic review of the association between adverse childhood events and irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Joshee Shreeya , Lim Lauren , Wybrecht Alexis , Berriesford Riley , Riddle Mark
Published: January 2022

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of gut–brain interaction characterized by abdominal pain, bowel habits alterations, constipation, and/or diarrhea. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are events such as abuse and mental illness causing childhood trauma. Studies report higher prevalence of ACEs in patients with IBS with varied effect consistency and association strength. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate current literature, assess heterogeneity and research gaps in this relationship. A search across PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar with keywords (‘childhood adversity’ OR ‘childhood trauma’ OR ‘adverse childhood events’) AND (‘irritable colon’ OR ‘irritable bowel syndrome’) yielded 106 studies. A restricted maximum likelihood model of 15 chosen studies with 272,686 participants found the association between ACEs and IBS to be uncertain given the considerable heterogeneity (I2=93.58%, p<0.001). Objective reporting methods for ACE and IBS, study size, and study quality explained some heterogeneity. Twelve studies showed publication bias (Egger's test, p<0.001), which further weakened interpretation. Gender-stratified subanalysis of three studies found ACEs associated with IBS in females (pOR=2.20, 95% CI (1.13 to 4.29), I2=66.90%) with substantial heterogeneity, but no association in males (pOR=1.30, 95% CI (0.62 to 2.78)). This meta-analysis explores the current literature to understand the biopsychosocial perspective of IBS and ACEs’ role as risk factors. However, the risk of publication and design/study quality biases substantiates the need for further research. If an association is confirmed, further mechanistic research and development of targeted psychological therapies may be warranted.
Successful reperfusion in relation to the number of passes: comparing outcomes of first pass expanded Treatment In Cerebral Ischemia (eTICI) 2B with multiple-pass eTICI 3
Authors: Bruggeman Agnetha A E , Kappelhof Manon , den Hartog Sanne J , Burke James F , Berkhemer Olvert A , van Es Adriaan C G M , van Zwam Wim H , Dippel Diederik W J , Coutinho Jonathan M , Marquering Henk A , Majoie Charles B L M , Emmer Bart J
Published: January 2022

Background

Higher expanded Treatment In Cerebral Ischemia (eTICI) reperfusion scores after endovascular treatment (EVT) are associated with better outcomes. However, the influence of the number of passes on this association is unclear. We aimed to compare outcomes of single-pass good reperfusion (eTICI 2B) with multiple-pass excellent/complete reperfusion (eTICI 2C/3) in daily clinical practice.

Methods

We compared outcomes of patients in the MR CLEAN Registry with good reperfusion (eTICI 2B) in a single pass to those with excellent/complete reperfusion (eTICI 2C/3) in multiple passes. Regression models were used to investigate the association of single-pass eTICI 2B versus multiple-pass eTICI 2C/3 reperfusion with 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS)), functional independence (mRS 0–2), per-procedural complications and safety outcomes.

Results

We included 699 patients: 178 patients with single-pass eTICI 2B, and 242 and 279 patients with eTICI 2C/3 after 2 and ≥3 passes, respectively. Patients with eTICI 2C/3 after 2 or ≥3 passes did not achieve significantly better functional outcomes compared with patients with single-pass eTICI 2B (adjusted common OR (acOR) 1.06, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.50 and acOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.05 for 90-day mRS, and adjusted OR (aOR) 1.24, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.97 and aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.22 for functional independence).

Conclusions

Our results did not show better outcomes for patients who achieved eTICI 2C/3 in multiple, that is, two or more, passes when compared with patients with single-pass eTICI 2B. However, this concerns observational data. Further research is necessary to investigate the per-pass effect in relation to reperfusion and functional outcome.
Prehospital identification of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and mortality (ANZACS-QI 61)
Authors: Liao Becky Yi-Wen , Lee Mildred Ai Wei , Dicker Bridget , Todd Verity F , Stewart Ralph , Poppe Katrina , Kerr Andrew
Published: January 2022

Background

Early recognition of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is needed for timely cardiac monitoring and reperfusion therapy.

Methods

Three anonymously linked New Zealand national datasets (July 2016–November 2018) were used to assess the utilisation of ambulance transport in STEMI cases, the concordance between ambulance initial clinical impressions and hospital STEMI diagnoses, and the association between initial paramedic clinical impressions and 30-day mortality. The St John Ambulance electronic record captures community call-outs and paramedic initial clinical impressions. The national cardiac (ANZACS-QI) registry and national administrative datasets capture all New Zealand public hospital admission diagnoses and mortality data.

Results

Of 5465 patients with STEMI, 73% were transported to hospital by ambulance. For these patients, the initial paramedic impression was STEMI in 50.7%, another acute coronary syndrome (ACS) diagnosis in 19.9% and non-ACS diagnosis in 29.7%. Only 37% of the 5465 patients with STEMI were both transported by ambulance and clinically suspected of STEMI by paramedics. Compared with patients with paramedic-‘suspected STEMI’, 30-day mortality was over threefold higher for patients thought to have a non-ACS condition (10.9% and 34.9%, respectively), but after adjustment for available covariates, this was substantially ameliorated (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.80).

Conclusions

In this national data linkage study, only 4 out of every 10 patients with STEMI were both transported by ambulance and had STEMI suspected by paramedics. Although patients with STEMI not suspected of an ACS diagnosis by paramedics had the highest mortality rate, this is largely explained by the different risk profile of these patients.
Genome-wide association study-based prediction of atrial fibrillation using artificial intelligence
Authors: Kwon Oh-Seok , Hong Myunghee , Kim Tae-Hoon , Hwang Inseok , Shim Jaemin , Choi Eue-Keun , Lim Hong Euy , Yu Hee Tae , Uhm Jae-Sun , Joung Boyoung , Oh Seil , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Kim Young-Hoon , Pak Hui-Nam
Published: January 2022

Objective

We previously reported early-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) associated genetic loci among a Korean population. We explored whether the AF-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of an external large cohort has a prediction power for AF in Korean population through a convolutional neural network (CNN).

Methods

This study included 6358 subjects (872 cases, 5486 controls) from the Korean population GWAS data. We extracted the lists of SNPs at each p value threshold of the association statistics from three different previously reported ethnical-specific GWASs. The Korean GWAS data were divided into training (64%), validation (16%) and test (20%) sets, and a stratified K-fold cross-validation was performed and repeated five times after data shuffling.

Results

The CNN-GWAS predictive power for AF had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78±0.01 based on the Japanese GWAS, AUC of 0.79±0.01 based on the European GWAS, and AUC of 0.82±0.01 based on the multiethnic GWAS, respectively. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping assigned high saliency scores for AF associated SNPs, and thePITX2obtained the highest saliency score. The CNN-GWAS did not show AF prediction power by SNPs with non-significant p value subset (AUC 0.56±0.01) despite larger numbers of SNPs. The CNN-GWAS had no prediction power for odd–even registration numbers (AUC 0.51±0.01).

Conclusions

AF can be predicted by genetic information alone with moderate accuracy. The CNN-GWAS can be a robust and useful tool for detecting polygenic diseases by capturing the cumulative effects and genetic interactions of moderately associated but statistically significant SNPs.

Trial registration number

NCT02138695.
Top 10 research priorities for people with obstructive sleep apnoea, families and clinicians: James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership
Authors: Goodridge Donna , Duncan Britney , Cowan Katherine , Fang Sarah , Fenton Mark , Parkalub Dave , Peters Jaimie , Skomro Robert , Skrapek Candace , Ulmer Kendra
Published: January 2022

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with significant comorbidity, preventable accidents and reduced quality of life. Little is known about the research priorities of patients with OSA, family members and clinicians. A James Lind Alliance research priority setting partnership was conducted. An initial survey (690 respondents who generated 1110 questions), a prioritisation survey (250 respondents), and a final workshop were used to identify the top 10 research priorities. Consensus was achieved on the top-ranked research priorities. Our results will inform the efforts of funders, researchers and policy-makers to align directly with stakeholder priorities related to OSA.
Scalar and tensor resonances in $$J/\psi $$ radiative decays
Authors: Rodas A. , Pilloni A. , Albaladejo M. , Fernández-Ramírez C. , Mathieu V. , Szczepaniak A. P. ,   Joint Physics Analysis Center
Published: January 2022

We perform a systematic analysis of the $$J/\psi \rightarrow \gamma \pi ^0\pi ^0$$

J
/
ψ
→
γ

π
0

π
0

and $$\rightarrow \gamma K_S^0 K_S^0$$

→
γ

K
S
0

K
S
0

partial waves measured by BESIII. We use a large set of amplitude parametrizations to reduce the model bias. We determine the physical properties of seven scalar and tensor resonances in the 1–$$2.5 \, {\mathrm {GeV}} $$

2.5

GeV

mass range. These include the well known $$f_0(1500)$$

f
0

(
1500
)

and $$f_0(1710)$$

f
0

(
1710
)

, that are considered to be the primary glueball candidates. The hierarchy of resonance couplings determined from this analysis favors the latter as the one with the largest glueball component.
Bianchi-I anisotropic universe with Barrow holographic dark energy
Authors: Paul Bikash Chandra , Roy Bikash Chandra , Saha Arindam
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we study Bianchi type-I universe in the presence of Barrow holographic dark energy and matter. Anisotropic cosmological model is explored here using the recently proposed holographic principle by Barrow where the standard Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is a special case. The holographic dark energy is employed to investigate the evolution of matter density and the dark energy density in an anisotropic Bianchi-I universe. The equation of state parameter of the dark energy is found to lie in the quintessence or in the phantom regime at the present epoch depending on the value of the new exponent and anisotropy in the universe. We found that an anisotropic universe with higher anisotropy transits to a late accelerating phase before a universe with lower anisotropy. It is also observed that the new exponent plays an important role to identify the nature of the universe.
Confined vortex surface and irreversibility. 2. Hyperbolic sheets and turbulent statistics
Authors: Migdal Alexander
Published: January 2022

We continue the study of Confined Vortex Surfaces (CVS) that we introduced in the previous paper. We classify the solutions of the CVS equation and find the analytical formula for the velocity field for arbitrary background strain eigenvalues in the stable region. The vortex surface cross-section has the form of four symmetric hyperbolic sheets with a simple equation [Formula: see text] in each quadrant of the tube cross-section ([Formula: see text] plane).

We use the dilute gas approximation for the vorticity structures in a turbulent flow, assuming their size is much smaller than the mean distance between them. We vindicate this assumption by the scaling laws for the surface shrinking to zero in the extreme turbulent limit. We introduce the Gaussian random background strain for each vortex surface as an accumulation of a large number of small random contributions coming from other surfaces far away. We compute this self-consistent background strain, relating the variance of the strain to the energy dissipation rate.

We find a universal asymmetric distribution for energy dissipation. A new phenomenon is a probability distribution of the shape of the profile of the vortex tube in the [Formula: see text] plane. This phenomenon naturally leads to the “multifractal” scaling of the moments of velocity difference [Formula: see text]. More precisely, these moments have a nontrivial dependence of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], approximating power laws with effective index [Formula: see text]. We derive some general formulas for the moments containing multidimensional integrals. The rough estimate of resulting moments shows the log–log derivative [Formula: see text] which is approximately linear in [Formula: see text] and slowly depends on [Formula: see text]. However, the value of effective index is wrong, which leads us to conclude that some other solution of the CVS equations must be found. We argue that the approximate phenomenological relations for these moments suggested in a recent paper by Sreenivasan and Yakhot are consistent with the CVS theory. We reinterpret their renormalization parameter [Formula: see text] in the Bernoulli law [Formula: see text] as a probability to find no vortex surface at a random point in space.
Existence of solutions for mean-field integrodifferential equations with delay
Authors: Dieye Moustapha , Diop Amadou , Mckibben Mark A.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we study the existence and continuous dependence on coefficients of mild solutions for first-order McKean–Vlasov integrodifferential equations with delay driven by a cylindrical Wiener process using resolvent operator theory and Wasserstein distance. Under the situation that the nonlinear term depends on the probability distribution of the state, the existence and uniqueness of solutions are established. An example illustrating the general results is included.
The Novel and Common Origin of Gamma-ray Bursts: A Galactic Seed Separation with Emitting Radiations
Authors: Nagao Shigeto
Published: January 2022

The mechanism of the gamma-ray burst is uncertain while the current candidates, respectively, for short and long GRBs are rather accepted. They conflict with some observed facts. Here we examine in detail the process for an energy circulation to separate to two ones by the energy circulation theory. We derive the equations of the force and the potential energy for the separation of a galactic seed. A galactic seed divides to two seeds orthogonally. If the receding speed is high enough, two seeds separate away orthogonally. If not enough, they are trapped at the energy trough, from where a subsequent flat separation occurs. The difference in the potential energy is partly emitted as gamma-ray radiations. The proposed process nicely meets the observed features of the GRBs, which the standard cosmology cannot explain. The GRBs are an important evidence to support our proposed model of galactic evolution, which includes galactic seed separations, as well as its basis; the energy circulation theory. Another key evidence, which we reported previously, is that the model predicts a constant speed of a galaxy rotation at any radial distances without dark matter.
MMSUM Digital Twins: A Multi-view Multi-modality Summarization Framework for Sporting Events
Authors: Aloufi Samah , Saddik Abdulmotaleb El
Published: January 2022

Sporting events generate a massive amount of traffic on social media with live moment-to-moment accounts as any given situation unfolds. The generated data are intensified by fans feelings, reactions, and subjective opinions towards what happens during the event, all of which are based on their individual points of view. Analyzing and summarizing this data will generate a comprehensive overview of the event in terms of how the event evolves and how fans react and view the event based on their perspectives. Previously, most of the summarization works ignore fan reactions and subjective opinions, and focus primarily on generating an objective-view summary. We believe that an effective and useful summary should consider human reactions, sentiment, and point of view, as opposed to simply describing what happens during the event. Accordingly, in this work, we propose MMSUM Digital Twins: a summarization framework that is capable of generating a multi-view multi-modal summary for sporting events in real-time. The proposed digital twins-based framework consists of four main components: sub-event recognition which detects the event’s key moments, tweet categorization, which determines which team the tweets’ writers support and assigns tweets to their teams, sentiment analysis to track fans’ state of mind, and image popularity prediction for selecting representative images. Furthermore, the MMSUM employs a visual-filtering model to address the issue of noisy images that inundate social media, compromising the summarization quality. We leverage the knowledge of sport fans to evaluate the generated multi-view summarization through an online user study. The experiment results confirm the effectiveness of our proposed approach for summarizing sporting events by considering multimedia data, sentiment, and subjective views of the event.
Predicting Future Locations with Semantic Trajectories
Authors: Sun Heli , Guo Xianglan , Yang Zhou , Chu Xuguang , Liu Xinwang , He Liang
Published: January 2022

Location prediction has attracted much attention due to its important role in many location-based services, including taxi services, route navigation, traffic planning, and location-based advertisements. Traditional methods only use spatial-temporal trajectory data to predict where a user will go next. The divorce of semantic knowledge from the spatial-temporal one inhibits our better understanding of users’ activities. Inspired by the architecture of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), we design ST-LSTM, which draws on semantic trajectories to predict future locations. Semantic data add a new dimension to our study, increasing the accuracy of prediction. Since semantic trajectories are sparser than the spatial-temporal ones, we propose a strategic filling algorithm to solve this problem. In addition, as the prediction is based on the historical trajectories of users, the cold-start problem arises. We build a new virtual social network for users to resolve the issue. Experiments on two real-world datasets show that the performance of our method is superior to those of the baselines.
Clinical Phenotypes of Cystic Fibrosis Carriers
Authors: Polgreen Philip M. , Comellas Alejandro P.
Published: January 2022

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in CFTR, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. People with CF experience a wide variety of medical conditions that affect the pulmonary, endocrine, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, biliary, and reproductive systems. Traditionally, CF carriers, with one defective copy of CFTR, were not thought to be at risk for CF-associated diseases. However, an emerging body of literature suggests that heterozygotes are at increased risk for many of the same conditions as homozygotes. For example, heterozygotes appear to be at increased risk for chronic pancreatitis, atypical mycobacterial infections, and bronchiectasis. In the United States alone, there are almost 10 million CF carriers. Universal newborn screening and prenatal genetic screening will identify more. Thus, there is a critical need to develop more precise estimates of health risks attributable to the CF carrier state across the lifespan.
Clonal Expansion of Stem/Progenitor Cells in Cancer, Fibrotic Diseases, and Atherosclerosis, and CD47 Protection of Pathogenic Cells
Authors: Majeti R. , Jamieson C. , Pang W.W. , Jaiswal S. , Leeper N.J. , Wernig G. , Weissman I.L.
Published: January 2022

We proposed and demonstrated that myelogenous leukemia has a preleukemic phase. In the premalignant phase, normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) gradually accumulate mutations leading to HSC clonal expansion, resulting in the emergence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Here, we show that preleukemic HSCs are the basis of clonal hematopoiesis, as well as late-onset blood diseases (chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and myelodysplastic disease). The clones at some point each trigger surface expression of “eat me” signals for macrophages, and in the clones and their LSC progeny, this is countered by upregulation of “don't eat me” signals for macrophages such as CD47,opening the possibility of CD47-based therapies. We include evidence that similar processes result in fibroblast expansion in a variety of fibrotic diseases, and arterial smooth muscle clonal expansion is a basis of atherosclerosis, including upregulation of both “eat me” and “don't eat me” molecules on the pathogenic cells.
SOCS6 Promotes Mitochondrial Fission and Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Is Negatively Regulated by Quaking-Mediated miR-19b
Authors: Zhang Peng , Guan Ping , Ye Xiaomiao , Lu Yi , Hang Yanwen , Su Yanling , Hu Wei
Published: January 2022

Background. Mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal mitochondrial fission have been implicated in the complications associated with I/R injury as cardiomyocytes are abundant in mitochondria. SOCS6 is known to participate in mitochondrial fragmentation, but its exact involvement and the pathways associated are uncertain. Methods and Results. The expression of SOCS6 was analyzed by western blot in cardiomyocytes under a hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) model. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the direct interaction between miR-19b and the 3

′

-UTR of Socs6. In the present study, we found that Socs6 inhibition by RNA interference attenuated H/R-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. A luciferase assay indicated that Socs6 is a direct target of miR-19b. The overexpression of miR-19b decreased mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, the presence of miR-19b reduced the level of SOCS6 and the injury caused by I/R in vivo. There were less apoptotic cells in the myocardium of mice injected with miR-19b. In addition, we found that the RNA-binding protein, Quaking (QK), participates in the regulation of miR-19b expression. Conclusions. Our results indicate that the inhibition of mitochondrial fission through downregulating Socs6 via the QK/miR-19b/Socs6 pathway attenuated the damage sustained by I/R. The QK/miR-19b/Socs6 axis plays a vital role in regulation of mitochondrial fission and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and could form the basis of future research in the development of therapies for the management of cardiac diseases.
Pueraria lobata Targeted Preparation Improves the Clinical Symptoms of Cervical Spondylosis by Regulating the Balance of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Qin Yuhang
Published: January 2022

Background. Nanotargeted preparations can enhance the safety and effectiveness of medication by altering the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in the human body, and Pueraria lobata is shown to be effective in the treatment of neck and back pain. Purpose. This study prepared a nano-Pueraria targeted preparation, in order to analyze its effect on improving the clinical symptoms of cervical spondylosis by adjusting the balance of intestinal flora. Methods. A total of 200 patients with cervical spondylosis admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were enrolled and divided into an observation group and a control group. The control group was given Tuina therapy, and the observation group was given nano-Pueraria targeted preparation + Tuina therapy. The clinical symptoms and intestinal microflora of the two groups were examined before intervention. Results. It was found that the markedly effective of treatment efficacy of the observation group (98%) was higher than that of the control group (78%) after 15 days of intervention, and the clinical symptoms were obviously fewer than those of the control group. The distribution of gut microbiota showed that there were significant differences in the composition of gut microbiota between the two groups. Compared with the control group, the abundance of Firmicutes in the observation group was significantly higher, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria was significantly lower. Conclusion. The targeted preparation of nano-Pueraria can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with cervical spondylosis by adjusting the balance of gut microbiota.
Clinical Efficacy of CT-Guided Continuous Catheterization Drainage for Spinal Tuberculosis with Large Abscesses
Authors: Zhang Shengxun , Li Dengfeng , Liang Liang , Tian Zhen , Sun Zeyu , Jian Yuekui
Published: January 2022

Objective. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided local catheterization for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis (TB) with abscess. Methods. Clinical data from 22 cases of lumbar TB with abscess receiving treatments from July 2015 to January 2021 were analyzed. Some patients (n = 11) underwent pure surgery (control group) and the others (n = 11) received CT-guided catheterization drainage. The operation and hospitalization time, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), visual analog scale (VAS), ASIA damage grade, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of both groups were compared. Results. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stay of the observation group were significantly less than those of the control group

P
<
0.05

. As the differences in preoperative ESR, CRP, and VAS scores between both groups did not reach significance

P
>
0.05

, after treatments, the observation group had a lower level of ESR and CRP

P
<
0.05

; the postoperative VAS scores of the two groups decreased

P
>
0.05

. Before treatment, the control group comprised 2 cases of ASIA grade A, 1 case of B, 6 cases of C, and 2 cases of D with 3 patients having dyskinesia. After surgery, the motor function of the patients was improved, and there were 3 cases of ASIA D and 8 cases of E. Meanwhile, the preoperative observation group consisted of 9 cases of ASIA D and 2 cases of E. Due to CT-guided catheterization, all patients achieved clinical healing (ASIA E) when the lesions were significantly alleviated, and symptoms such as low back pain and lower extremity pain disappeared. Conclusion. CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage for continuous administration of drugs is effective treatment for spinal TB with abscess, when shortening the operation and hospitalization time and reducing intraoperative blood loss and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It is worthy of popularization and application.
A Topology Graph Algorithm Based on Lattice-Valued Logic to Solve Satisfiability Problems
Authors: Tan Jieqing , Li Yingjie
Published: January 2022

Automatic reasoning is a very challenging research area in the field of artificial intelligence. Automatic inference based on lattice-valued logic is an important basic research content in the field of intelligent information processing. It is of great academic significance to deal with incomparability, linguistic valued information, and formal verification of the correctness of corresponding software and hardware systems in various applications. Based on the extensive work of α-resolution automated reasoning in linguistic truth-valued lattice-valued logic, this paper discusses the structure and its α-resolvability of the generalized literal. For further improving the efficiency, a topology graph deduction is proposed as well as its soundness, completeness, and universal algorithm. The use of distributed computing and resource sharing is the core idea of this deduction. In the decision process, as long as one satisfiability solution is found by subtask, the decision result can be given directly, shortening the decision time. The algorithm reduces the time complexity from factorial level to square.
Optimal Investment, Consumption, and Life Insurance Choices with Habit Formation and Inflation Risk
Authors: Shi Ailing , Li Xingyi , Li Zhongfei
Published: January 2022

This research studies the optimal consumption, investment, and life insurance choices for a wage earner with habit formation, inflation risk, and mortality risk. The wage earner has access to a risk‐free asset, an index bond, and a stock in a financial market. The index bond hedges inflation risk, while life insurance hedges mortality risk. The aim of the wage earner is to maximize the expected utility of consumption, bequest, and terminal wealth, where the utility of consumption comes from the part of the consumption that exceeds a minimum consumption requirement given by the habit level. By using the dynamic programming method, we provide and prove a verification theorem and obtain closed‐form expressions for the value function, the optimal life insurance premium rate, and the optimal investment and consumption strategies. Numerical results reveal that habit formation and mortality force change play important roles in the financial behaviors of the wage earner. Especially, the impacts of the expected inflation rate and consumption habit on the optimal strategies are mutual restraint; increasing mortality force raises the demand for life insurance; and the effects of other parameters are also affected by consumption habit and mortality force change.