bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ ЗАСАДИ ВИРІШЕННЯ СИТУАЦІЙНИХ ЗАВДАНЬ ПІД ЧАС ДОСУДОВОГО РОЗСЛІДУВАННЯ КРИМІНАЛЬНИХ ПРАВОПОРУШЕНЬ
Authors: Бондар В.С.
Published: August 2021

Стаття присвячена розгляду достатньо актуальної проблеми сьогодення, а саме інформаційним засадам вирішення ситуаційних завдань під час досудового розслідування кримінальних правопорушень. У статті розглядаються різноманітні підходи до трактування терміна «криміналістично значуща інформація», а також ознаки інформації, з урахуванням яких дано авторське визначення цього поняття. Також уточнено поняття та розкрито елементи механізму вирішення ситуаційних завдань у системі досудового розслідування кримінального правопорушення. Надано характеристику інформаційним аспектам вирішення ситуаційних завдань під час досудового розслідування. Обгрунтовано, що механізм вирішення ситуаційних завдань досудового розслідування може бути визначений як порядок формування задуму слідчого (дізнавача) щодо досягнення поставленого завдання розслідування процесуальними та криміналістичними засобами і методами і його реалізації самим слідчим (дізнавачем).
ЗАСОБИ МАСОВОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ ЯК СКЛАДОВА СИСТЕМИ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ КОРУПЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Калайда Ю.П.
Published: August 2021

У статті розглядаються актуальні аспекти участі засобів масової інформації в запобіганні корупції в Україні. Визначено роль і значення засобів масової інформації (далі – ЗМІ – від автора) в системі запобігання корупції в державі, а також вказано на низку проблем, які впливають на оприлюднення викритих корупційних проявів. Розв’язання цих проблем сприятиме підвищенню ефективності антикорупційної політики держави. Також запропоновано перспективні заходи, що сприятимуть посиленню ролі і значення сучасних ЗМІ в існуючій системі запобігання корупції в Україні.
ПРОБЛЕМНІ ПИТАННЯ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ПІД ЧАС РОЗСЛІДУВАННЯ ПОРУШЕНЬ ПРАВИЛ БЕЗПЕКИ ДОРОЖНЬОГО РУХУ ТА ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ТРАНСПОРТУ
Authors: Піддубна А.В.
Published: August 2021

За результатами досліджень наукових позицій учених та представників наукових шкіл щодо розслідування фактів порушень правил безпеки дорожнього руху та експлуатації транспорту встановлено наявні проблемні питання, що негативно впливають на правозастосовну діяльність iз розслідування порушень правил безпеки дорожнього руху та експлуатації транспорту, зокрема: неналежна взаємодія органів досудового розслідуван ня з іншими органами та структурними підрозділами, недостатнє залучення відповідних спеціалістів і фахівців, неякісна підготовка до проведення автотехнічних, судово-медичних та інших видів експертиз. Окремо досліджуючи поняття та сутність взаємодії, встановлено, що загальноприйнятого та однозначного визначення його в юридичній літературі не існує. Зокрема, виокремлено недоліки та прогалини у взаємодії органів досудового розслідування з експертами Експертної служби Міністерства внутрішніх справ України, які проводять експертизи в такій категорії кримінальних проваджень, а також спеціалістів-криміналістів Національної поліції України, які беруть участі у проведенні огляду місць дорожньо-транспортних подій (далі – ДТП). На підставі результатів дослідження запропоновано пропозиції та рекомендації щодо удосконалення методики розслідування та зазначеного напряму взаємодії.
Петро-Павлівський монастир у селі Irhóc (Вільхівці) у XVIII ст.
Authors: Monych Oleksandr
Published: August 2021

У статті проаналізовано історію появи та розвитку Петро-Павлівського чоловічого монастиря в селі Вільхівці Тячівського району Закарпатської області. Предметно досліджуються окремі аспекти діяльності обителі у XVIII ст.: установчі документи, список настоятелів, склад чернецтва, насельників, соціальна, фінансово-господарська та культурна складові життя обителі.

Окремі архівні джерела вводяться до наукового обігу вперше, а тому подають нові дані з історії обителі, особливо активної фази її діяльності у 1708-1751 роках.
Джерела поповнення купецтва Миколаєва у ХІХ ст.
Authors: Makushina Hanna
Published: August 2021

Стаття присвячена особливостям поповнення купецтва міста Миколаєва представниками інших станів під час формування та еволюції купецького стану міста протягом ХІХ ст. Особливу увагу приділено ролі міщан у формуванні купецтва Миколаєва та специфіці їх входження до стану. Визначено соціальний статус осіб, які переходили у миколаївське купецтво з інших міст Російської імперії.
«Культурна революція» початку 1920-х рр., як технологія формування радянського менталітету
Authors: Dramaretskiy Boris , Tolubets Natalia
Published: August 2021

У статті досліджується технологія насадження ідеології, яку використовувала більшовицька влада на початку 1920-х рр. для формування «нового пролетарського світогляду». Реалізація поставлених задач означала заміну існуючого світогляду шляхом встановлення нових, офіційних правил і норм поведінки, які часто не відповідали елементарним потребам суспільства, знищенням мільйонів людей і побудову тоталітаризму. Метою такої політики було пограбування країни у нечуваних масштабах і повна залежність населення від більшовицьких вождів. Для цього недостатньо лише захопити політичну владу та керувати силовими структурами, а необхідно було змінити світогляд. І саме над цим варто задуматися нинішньому поколінню українців.
Шведська держава добробуту в об’єктиві української еміграційної періодики міжвоєнного часу
Authors: Koval Olesia
Published: August 2021

У даній статті висвітлюється держава добробуту у Швеції (питання економіки, політики, військової та гуманітарної сфер) на сторінках української еміграційної преси 1926-1939 рр. У дослідженні аналізуються матеріали авторитетних видань міжвоєнного часу – тижневика «Тризуб/Le Trident» (Франція) та газети «Свобода/Svoboda» (США), визначаються спільні та відмінні риси у позиціонуванні теми, ступінь зацікавленості скандинавськими питаннями та актуальність публікацій у колах українців на еміграції в Європі та Америці.
Struggling, Stupendous Female Artistic Aspirations
Authors: Alban Gillian M.E.
Published: August 2021

Women’s struggles to express themselves artistically, whether in the visual arts or in literature, has never been easy. This writing evaluates women’s creative efforts, from Virginia Woolf’s fictional Judith Shakespeare, to the playwrights Aphra Behn and Elizabeth Inchbald, whose plays scarcely outlived their own era. In the twentieth century, Woolf shows Lily Briscoe painting despite discouragement, and Margaret Atwood and A.S. Byatt’s female characters describe similar artistic struggles to achieve success. The real-life efforts of Sylvia Plath show her creating through the traumas of her life, while Frida Kahlo undertakes a parallel struggle to create her amazing paintings through dreadful pain. These two consummate artists, Plath and Kahlo, immortalize woman’s agonizing self-expression in their verbal and visual portraits, overcoming considerable obstacles. This work presents the historical toils and fictional accounts of women artists in their attempts at artistic self-expression, proving that such efforts come at a high cost to the artist even to this day.
Durdurun Uçağı, İnecek Var! Asi Kızlara Uykudan Önce Hikâyeler
Authors: Behçetoğulları Pembe
Published: August 2021

Bir kız çocuğu asi olur, olmalıdır, ta ki kendi yolunu kendi bildiği gibi çizene kadar; çünkü hayat ona ‘dur’ der, ‘sen kızsın’ der, ‘yapma’ der, ‘önüne bak’ der, ‘konuşma’ der, ‘düzgün otur’ der, ‘sokakta şarkı söyleme’ der, ve hatta ‘sokağa çıkma’ der. Bunları duya duya, bir kız çocuğu, eğer yeterince sindirilmemişse, eğer korkutulup susturulmamışsa tamamen, birazcık asi olur mutlaka. Olsun da!
Misplaced Women?
Authors: Ostojić Tanja
Published: August 2021

Misplaced Women? is an ongoing interdisciplinary art project (2009-2017) by Tanja Ostojić that has been conceived as both an internet—platform and a real platform organized in public spaces in the cities across the globe to discuss the issues of migration, displacement, security, privacy, and exposure. It is manifested in a series of performances by the author herself, as well as delegated performances, individual or group performances predominantly by women, and performance workshops conducted by Tanja Ostojić herself. Essentially, the performance score might include unpacking, rummaging and detailed searching of the entire content, pockets, purses, wallets, personal suitcases and bags on sites that are relevant to migration, such as airports, train stations, Western Union Money Transfer services, police stations for foreigners who want to obtain residence permits, etc. Participants performing at authentic locations might repeat similar actions that build upon the basic proposal of the Misplaced Women? concept, i.e. they deal with positions andexperiences of people in transit, migration, and exile.
Anneliğe, Kadınlığa ve Dişil Döngülere Dair Bir Sergi: Bize Ait Bir Oda
Authors: Yayıntaş Arzu
Published: August 2021

Bize Ait Bir Oda sergisi, 9 Mayıs-4 Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında Ark Kültür’de yirmi iki sanatçının katılımıyla gerçekleşti. Feminist bir bakış açısı ve dayanışma ile gerçekleştirilen sergi bugüne kadar yapılan kadın sergilerinden biraz farklı bir yaklaşım sergileyerek kadınlığa dair oldukça spesifik bir konuya, doğurganlığa odaklandı. Sergi, içinde yaşadığımız toplumun devamı için hayati, kadının kendi hayatını şekillendirmede kritik bir rol oynayan doğurganlık kavramına ve annelik rolüne odaklanarak hem erkek egemen sanat dünyasının çok da gündemine taşımak istemediği kadınsal konulara mercek tuttu hem de bu konular üzerine çalışan kadın sanatçılara görünürlük kazandırdı.
Femininty as Genotext in the Works of 19th Century Female Writers
Authors: Karadas Firat
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışma, Sandra Gilbert ve Susan Gubar'ın 19. yüzyıl kadın yazarların eserlerinde kadınlığın bir alt metin olarak var olduğuyla ilgili düşüncesini Kristeva'nın 'genotext' kavramı bağlamında ele almaktadır. Çalışma, Gilbert ve Gubar'ın The Madwoman in the Attic ve Kristeva'nın Revolution in Poetic Language adlı eserlerinde belirttikleri düşüncelere dayandırılmıştır.  Kristeva'nın ‘genotext’ kavramının psikoanalitik çağrışımları olmasına ve özellikle Lacan psikanalizine dayanmasına karşın, bu çalışma genotext'in kadınlıkla ilgili olmasına ve kadınlığı alt-metin olarak konumlandırmasına odaklanmıştır. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışma Gilbert ve Gubar'ın düşüncesini Kristeva'nın genotext düşüncesine göre yeniden okumayı, içindeki boşlukları doldurmayı ve 19th yüzyıl kadın yazarların metinlerinin incelenmesine yeni bir boyut getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Role of lncRNA BANCR in Human Cancers: An Updated Review
Authors: Hussen Bashdar Mahmud , Azimi Tahereh , Abak Atefe , Hidayat Hazha Jamal , Taheri Mohammad , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh
Published: August 2021

Being located in a gene desert region on 9q21.11-q21.12, BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA (BANCR) is an lncRNA with 693 bp length. It has been discovered in 2012 in a research aimed at assessment of gene expression in the melanocytes in association with BRAF mutation. Increasing numbers of studies have determined its importance in the tumorigenesis through affecting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. BANCR exerts its effects via modulating some tumor-related signaling pathways particularly MAPK and other regulatory mechanisms such as sponging miRNAs. BANCR has been up-regulated in endometrial, gastric, breast, melanoma, and retinoblastoma. Conversely, it has been down-regulated in some other cancers such as those originated from lung, bladder, and renal tissues. In some cancer types such as colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma, there is no agreement about BANCR expression, necessitating the importance of additional functional studies in these tissues. In the present manuscript, we review the investigations related to BANCR expression changes in cancerous cell lines, clinical samples, and animal models of cancer. We also discuss the outcome of its deregulation in cancer progression, prognosis, and the underlying mechanisms of these observations.
Prediction of Genetic Factors of Hyperthyroidism Based on Gene Interaction Network
Authors: Shen Fei , Cai Wensong , Gan Xiaoxiong , Feng Jianhua , Chen Zhen , Guo Mengli , Wei Fang , Cao Jie , Xu Bo
Published: August 2021

The number of hyperthyroidism patients is increasing these years. As a disease that can lead to cardiovascular disease, it brings great potential health risks to humans. Since hyperthyroidism can induce the occurrence of many diseases, studying its genetic factors will promote the early diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism and its related diseases. Previous studies have used genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) to identify genes related to hyperthyroidism. However, these studies only identify significant sites related to the disease from a statistical point of view and ignore the complex regulation relationship between genes. In addition, mutation is not the only genetic factor of causing hyperthyroidism. Identifying hyperthyroidism-related genes from gene interactions would help researchers discover the disease mechanism. In this paper, we purposed a novel machine learning method for identifying hyperthyroidism-related genes based on gene interaction network. The method, which is called “RW-RVM,” is a combination of Random Walk (RW) and Relevance Vector Machines (RVM). RW was implemented to encode the gene interaction network. The features of genes were the regulation relationship between genes and non-coding RNAs. Finally, multiple RVMs were applied to identify hyperthyroidism-related genes. The result of 10-cross validation shows that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of our method reached 0.9, and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPR) was 0.87. Seventy-eight novel genes were found to be related to hyperthyroidism. We investigated two genes of these novel genes with existing literature, which proved the accuracy of our result and method.
Generation of hiPSC-Derived Functional Dopaminergic Neurons in Alginate-Based 3D Culture
Authors: Gilmozzi Valentina , Gentile Giovanna , Riekschnitz Diana A. , Von Troyer Michael , Lavdas Alexandros A. , Kerschbamer Emanuela , Weichenberger Christian X. , Rosato-Siri Marcelo D. , Casarosa Simona , Conti Luciano , Pramstaller Peter P. , Hicks Andrew A. , Pichler Irene , Zanon Alessandra
Published: August 2021

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent an unlimited cell source for the generation of patient-specific dopaminergic (DA) neurons, overcoming the hurdle of restricted accessibility to disease-affected tissue for mechanistic studies on Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the complexity of the human brain is not fully recapitulated by existing monolayer culture methods. Neurons differentiated in a three dimensional (3D) in vitro culture system might better mimic the in vivo cellular environment for basic mechanistic studies and represent better predictors of drug responses in vivo. In this work we established a new in vitro cell culture system based on the microencapsulation of hiPSCs in small alginate/fibronectin beads and their differentiation to DA neurons. Optimization of hydrogel matrix concentrations and composition allowed a high viability of embedded hiPSCs. Neural differentiation competence and efficiency of DA neuronal generation were increased in the 3D cultures compared to a conventional 2D culture methodology. Additionally, electrophysiological parameters and metabolic switching profile confirmed increased functionality and an anticipated metabolic resetting of neurons grown in alginate scaffolds with respect to their 2D counterpart neurons. We also report long-term maintenance of neuronal cultures and preservation of the mature functional properties. Furthermore, our findings indicate that our 3D model system can recapitulate mitochondrial superoxide production as an important mitochondrial phenotype observed in neurons derived from PD patients, and that this phenotype might be detectable earlier during neuronal differentiation. Taken together, these results indicate that our alginate-based 3D culture system offers an advantageous strategy for the reliable and rapid derivation of mature and functional DA neurons from hiPSCs.
Identification of Claudin-6 as a Molecular Biomarker in Pan-Cancer Through Multiple Omics Integrative Analysis
Authors: Zhang Chiyuan , Guo Cuishan , Li Yan , Liu Kuiran , Zhao Qi , Ouyang Ling
Published: August 2021

Claudin-6 (CLDN6) is one of the 27 family members of claudins and majorly involved in the tight junction and cell-to-cell adhesion of epithelial cell sheets, playing a significant role in cancer initiation and progression. To provide a more systematic and comprehensive dimension of identifying the diverse significance of CLDN6 in a variety of malignant tumors, we explored CLDN6 through multiple omics data integrative analysis, including gene expression level in pan-cancer and comparison of CLDN6 expression in different molecular subtypes and immune subtypes of pan-cancer, targeted protein, biological functions, molecular signatures, diagnostic value, and prognostic value in pan-cancer. Furthermore, we focused on uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) and further investigated CLDN6 from the perspective of the correlations with clinical characteristics, prognosis in different clinical subgroups, co-expression genes, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), basing on discussing the validation of its established monoclonal antibody by immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantification reported in the previous study. As a result, CLDN6 expression differs significantly not only in most cancers but also in different molecular and immune subtypes of cancers. Besides, high accuracy in predicting cancers and notable correlations with prognosis of certain cancers suggest that CLDN6 might be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of cancers. Additionally, CLDN6 is identified to be significantly correlated with age, stage, weight, histological type, histologic grade, and menopause status in UCEC. Moreover, CLDN6 high expression can lead to a worse overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI) in UCEC, especially in different clinical subgroups of UCEC. Taken together, CLDN6 may be a remarkable molecular biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in pan-cancer and an independent prognostic risk factor of UCEC, presenting to be a promising molecular target for cancer therapy.
Non-Extensive Fragmentation of Natural Products and Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening as a Practical Approach to Identify Novel Promising Chemical Scaffolds
Authors: Vásquez Andrés Felipe , Muñoz Alejandro Reyes , Duitama Jorge , González Barrios Andrés
Published: August 2021

Fragment-based drug design (FBDD) and pharmacophore modeling have proven to be efficient tools to discover novel drugs. However, these approaches may become limited if the collection of fragments is highly repetitive, poorly diverse, or excessively simple. In this article, combining pharmacophore modeling and a non-classical type of fragmentation (herein called non-extensive) to screen a natural product (NP) library may provide fragments predicted as potent, diverse, and developable. Initially, we applied retrosynthetic combinatorial analysis procedure (RECAP) rules in two versions, extensive and non-extensive, in order to deconstruct a virtual library of NPs formed by the databases Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), AfroDb (African Medicinal Plants database), NuBBE (Nuclei of Bioassays, Biosynthesis, and Ecophysiology of Natural Products), and UEFS (Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana). We then developed a virtual screening (VS) using two groups of natural-product-derived fragments (extensive and non-extensive NPDFs) and two overlapping pharmacophore models for each of 20 different proteins of therapeutic interest. Molecular weight, lipophilicity, and molecular complexity were estimated and compared for both types of NPDFs (and their original NPs) before and after the VS proceedings. As a result, we found that non-extensive NPDFs exhibited a much higher number of chemical entities compared to extensive NPDFs (45,355 vs. 11,525 compounds), accounting for the larger part of the hits recovered and being far less repetitive than extensive NPDFs. The structural diversity of both types of NPDFs and the NPs was shown to diminish slightly after VS procedures. Finally, and most interestingly, the pharmacophore fit score of the non-extensive NPDFs proved to be not only higher, on average, than extensive NPDFs (56% of cases) but also higher than their original NPs (69% of cases) when all of them were also recognized as hits after the VS. The findings obtained in this study indicated that the proposed cascade approach was useful to enhance the probability of identifying innovative chemical scaffolds, which deserve further development to become drug-sized candidate compounds. We consider that the knowledge about the deconstruction degree required to produce NPDFs of interest represents a good starting point for eventual synthesis, characterization, and biological activity studies.
Finite-Time Stability of Hybrid Systems With Unstable Modes
Authors: Garg Kunal , Panagou Dimitra
Published: August 2021

In this work, we study finite-time stability of hybrid systems with unstable modes. We present sufficient conditions in terms of multiple Lyapunov functions for the origin of a class of hybrid systems to be finite-time stable. More specifically, we show that even if the value of the Lyapunov function increases during continuous flow, i.e., if the unstable modes in the system are active for some time, finite-time stability can be guaranteed if the finite-time convergent mode is active for a sufficient amount of cumulative time. This is the first work on finite-time stability of hybrid systems using multiple Lyapunov functions. Prior work uses a common Lyapunov function approach, and requires the Lyapunov function to be decreasing during the continuous flows and non-increasing at the discrete jumps, thereby, restricting the hybrid system to only have stable modes, or to only evolve along the stable modes. In contrast, we allow Lyapunov functions to increasebothduring the continuous flows and the discrete jumps. As thus, the derived stability results are less conservative compared to the earlier results in the related literature, and in effect allow the hybrid system to have unstable modes.
Blockade of NaV1.8 Increases the Susceptibility to Ventricular Arrhythmias During Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Qi Baozhen , Dai Shimo , Song Yu , Shen Dongli , Li Fuhai , Wei Lanfang , Zhang Chunyu , Nie Zhenning , Lin Jiaxiong , Cai Lidong , Ge Junbo
Published: August 2021

SCN10A/NaV1.8 may be associated with a lower risk of ventricular fibrillation in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but if and by which mechanism NaV1.8 impacts on ventricular electrophysiology is still a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the contribution of NaV1.8 in ganglionated plexi (GP) to ventricular arrhythmias in the AMI model. Twenty beagles were randomized to either the A-803467 group (n = 10) or the control group (n = 10). NaV1.8 blocker (A-803467, 1 μmol/0.5 mL per GP) or DMSO (0.5 mL per GP) was injected into four major GPs. Ventricular effective refractory period, APD90, ventricular fibrillation threshold, and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias were measured 1 h after left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. A-803467 significantly shortened ventricular effective refractory period, APD90, and ventricular fibrillation threshold compared to control. In the A-803467 group, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was significantly higher compared to control. A-803467 suppressed the slowing of heart rate response to high-frequency electrical stimulation of the anterior right GP, suggesting that A-803467 could inhibit GP activity. SCN10A/NaV1.8 was readily detected in GPs, but was not validated in ventricles by quantitative RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. While SCN10A/NaV1.8 is detectible in canine GPs but not in ventricles, blockade of NaV1.8 in GP increases the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in AMI hearts. Our study shows for the first time an influence of SCN10A/NaV1.8 on the regulation of ventricular arrhythmogenesis via modulating GP activity in the AMI model.
Recent Approaches for Manipulating Globin Gene Expression in Treating Hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Mussolino Claudio , Strouboulis John
Published: August 2021

Tissue oxygenation throughout life depends on the activity of hemoglobin (Hb) one of the hemeproteins that binds oxygen in the lungs and secures its delivery throughout the body. Hb is composed of four monomers encoded by eight different genes the expression of which is tightly regulated during development, resulting in the formation of distinct hemoglobin tetramers in each developmental stage. Mutations that alter hemoglobin structure or its regulated expression result in a large group of diseases typically referred to as hemoglobinopathies that are amongst the most common genetic defects worldwide. Unprecedented efforts in the last decades have partially unraveled the complex mechanisms that control globin gene expression throughout development. In addition, genome wide association studies have revealed protective genetic traits capable of ameliorating the clinical manifestations of severe hemoglobinopathies. This knowledge has fueled the exploration of innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at modifying the genome or the epigenome of the affected cells to either restore hemoglobin function or to mimic the effect of protective traits. Here we describe the key steps that control the switch in gene expression that concerns the different globin genes during development and highlight the latest efforts in altering globin regulation for therapeutic purposes.
A Novel Inflammatory lncRNAs Prognostic Signature for Predicting the Prognosis of Low-Grade Glioma Patients
Authors: Xiang Zijin , Chen Xueru , Lv Qiaoli , Peng Xiangdong
Published: August 2021

Background

As immunotherapy has received attention as new treatments for brain cancer, the role of inflammation in the process of glioma is of particular importance. Increasing studies have further shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important factors that promote the development of glioma. However, the relationship between inflammation-related lncRNAs and the prognosis of glioma patients remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to construct and validate an inflammation-related lncRNA prognostic signature to predict the prognosis of low-grade glioma patients.

Methods

By downloading and analyzing the gene expression data and clinical information of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) patients with low-grade gliomas, we could screen for inflammatory gene-related lncRNAs. Furthermore, through Cox and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression analyses, we established a risk model and divided patients into high- and low-risk groups based on the median value of the risk score to analyze the prognosis. In addition, we analyzed the tumor mutation burden (TMB) between the two groups based on somatic mutation data, and explored the difference in copy number variations (CNVs) based on the GISTIC algorithm. Finally, we used the MCPCounter algorithm to study the relationship between the risk model and immune cell infiltration, and used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses to explore the enrichment pathways and biological processes of differentially expressed genes between the high- and low-risk groups.

Results

A novel prognostic signature was constructed including 11 inflammatory lncRNAs. This risk model could be an independent prognostic predictor. The patients in the high-risk group had a poor prognosis. There were significant differences in TMB and CNVs for patients in the high- and low-risk groups. In the high-risk group, the immune system was activated more significantly, and the expression of immune checkpoint-related genes was also higher. The GSEA, GO, and KEGG analyses showed that highly expressed genes in the high-risk group were enriched in immune-related processes, while lowly expressed genes were enriched in neuromodulation processes.

Conclusion

The risk model of 11 inflammation-related lncRNAs can serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for low-grade gliomas patients.
Plasma C-Reactive Protein and Pentraxin-3 Reference Intervals During Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Wirestam Lina , Pihl Sofia , Saleh Muna , Wetterö Jonas , Sjöwall Christopher
Published: August 2021

Although several biomarkers are available to monitor the acute phase response, the short pentraxin C-reactive protein (CRP) is dominating in clinical practice. The long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is structurally and functionally related to CRP, but not liver-derived. In addition, increased levels of PTX3 have been linked to preeclampsia. Reference intervals are usually based on healthy blood donors. Several physiological and immunological alterations occur during normal pregnancy with subsequent potential effects on blood analytes. Hence, this study aims to determine pregnancy-specific reference intervals for CRP and PTX3. Longitudinal clinical data and blood plasma samples from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of 100 healthy, non-medicating, females aged 18–40 at the time-point of conception were available to us. High‐sensitivity CRP measurements were performed by turbidimetry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify PTX3. CRP and PTX3 levels followed each other during the first two trimesters and both increased during the third trimester. CRP showed a median of 4.12 mg/L in the third trimester, and were significantly higher compared to the first (median 2.39 mg/L, p<0.0001) and the second (median 2.44 mg/L, p=0.0006) trimesters. In the third trimester PTX3 levels reached a median of 7.70 µg/L, and were significantly higher compared to the first (median 3.33 µg/L, p<0.0001) and the second (median 3.70 µg/L, p<0.0001) trimesters. Plasma albumin was inversely correlated with CRP (rho=-0.27, p<0.0001), but not with PTX3. In conclusion, it is important to consider pregnancy-specific reference values as elevations of CRP and PTX3 during the later phase may occur in absence of infection.
Rapid Assessment of Seabed Habitats Around Pitcairn Island in Aid of Activity Management During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic
Authors: Archer-Rand Simeon , Whomersley Paul , O’Connor Joey , Dosell Abbie
Published: August 2021

The global COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has forced small island states to make rapid changes to the way they manage their marine estates following changes in global shipping practices and access which are essential for the supply of food items and island’s infrastructure. Following the closure of the border of neighboring French Polynesia, changes had to be made to the Pitcairn Islands’ sole supply vessel route, which resulted in the vessel requiring to set anchor on arrival at the island to conserve fuel. Considering this change and to ensure the continued protection of vulnerable coral habitats the local government has had to make swift decisions to identify anchoring zones that minimize seabed disturbance. Data collected in January 2020, just prior to the pandemic, were assessed using a rapid assessment method and combined with earth observation data to create the first shallow water (<∼20 m) habitat map of this island. The results show the distribution of vulnerable coral communities and other habitats, achieving an accuracy of 68% compared with previously collected datasets making the results the best available evidence for management purposes. Although the seabed data were not originally collected for this analysis, having both video and stills imagery aligned with global positioning meant a rapid assessment method could be easily applied to the data. The assessment technique used has resulted in the first reliable habitat distribution maps to be produced in a management critical timeframe, providing managers with the evidence they required to make informed decisions relating to the protection and conservation of Pitcairn’s pristine, marine habitats during these unprecedented times.
COVID-19 Isolation and Risk of Death in Cyprus Elderly People
Authors: Kyriazis Marios , Mikellides George , Pantelidakis Heraklis , Polycarpou Marina , Panayiotou Barnabas
Published: August 2021

Social isolation is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and death in older people. The quarantine and social distancing measures due to Covid-19 imposed in most countries and particularly in Cyprus, aim to isolate individuals from direct contact with others. This has resulted in vulnerable older people being isolated at their places of residence for several months, while the recommendations for continuing lockdowns do not appear to be ending. The risk of death from causes other than those related to Covid-19 increases in such individuals and it is due to the effects of social isolation. We estimate that in the next years, there will be a significant increase in the death numbers of such older people in Cyprus. The health authorities must develop a program of support for these older individuals to include medical, social, physical, and psychological elements. Examples of such support are given here.
The Associations Between White Matter Disruptions and Cognitive Decline at the Early Stage of Subcortical Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Qiao Yanan , He Xuwen , Zhang Junying , Liang Ying , Shao Wen , Zhang Zhanjun , Zhang Sihang , Peng Dantao
Published: August 2021

Objective

Emerging evidence suggests that white matter (WM) disruption is associated with the incidence of subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI). However, our knowledge regarding this relationship in the early stage of SVCI is limited. We aimed to investigate the associations between WM disruptions and cognitive declines at the early stage of SVCI.

Method

We performed a case–control study, involving 22 cases and 19 controls. The cases were patients at the early stage of SVCI, which was defined as subcortical ischemic vascular disease with normal global cognitive measures (pre-SVCI). The controls were healthy people matched by age, sex, and education years. We assessed the differences in a battery of neuropsychological tests between the two groups, investigated the diffusion changes in 40 WM tracts among the participantsviaan atlas-based segmentation strategy, and compared the differences between the cases and controls by multiple linear regression analysis. We then evaluated the relationships between diffusion indices and cognitive assessment scores by Pearson’s correlation.

Results

The pre-SVCI group exhibited significant differences in the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (R-O)-copy, and Trail Making Test (TMT)-B test compared with the controls. Compared with the controls, some long associative and projective bundles, such as the right anterior corona radiata (ACR), the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), and the left external capsule (EC), were extensively damaged in cases after Bonferroni correction (p< 0.05/40). Damages to specific fibers, such as the right ACR, IFOF, and posterior thalamic radiation (PTR), exhibited significant correlations with declines in MoCA, R-O delay, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively, after Bonferroni correction (p< 0.05/14).

Conclusion

Long WM tracts, especially those in the right hemisphere, were extensively damaged in the pre-SVCI patients and correlated with declines in executive functions and spatial processing. Patients of pre-SVCI are likely at an ultra-early stage of SVCI, and there is a very high risk of this condition becoming SVCI.
Multi–Joint Angles Estimation of Forearm Motion Using a Regression Model
Authors: Qin Zixuan , Stapornchaisit Sorawit , He Zixun , Yoshimura Natsue , Koike Yasuharu
Published: August 2021

To improve the life quality of forearm amputees, prosthetic hands with high accuracy, and robustness are necessary. The application of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals to control a prosthetic hand is challenging. In this study, we proposed a time-domain CNN model for the regression prediction of joint angles in three degrees of freedom (3-DOFs, include two wrist joint motion and one finger joint motion), and five-fold cross validation was used to evaluate the correlation coefficient (CC). The CC value results of wrist flexion/extension motion obtained from 10 participants was 0.87–0.92, pronation/supination motion was 0.72–0.95, and hand grip/open motion was 0.75–0.94. We backtracked the fully connected layer weights to create a geometry plot for analyzing the motion pattern to investigate the learning of the proposed model. In order to discuss the daily updateability of the model by transfer learning, we performed a second experiment on five of the participants in another day and conducted transfer learning based on smaller amount of dataset. The CC results improved (wrist flexion/extension was 0.90–0.97, pronation/supination was 0.84–0.96, hand grip/open was 0.85–0.92), suggesting the effectiveness of the transfer learning by incorporating the small amounts of sEMG data acquired in different days. We compared our CNN-based model with four conventional regression models, the result illustrates that proposed model significantly outperforms the four conventional models with and without transfer learning. The offline result suggests the reliability of the proposed model in real-time control in different days, it can be applied for real-time prosthetic control in the future.
Tension Sensor Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Reveals Fiber Diameter-Dependent Mechanical Factors During Myelination
Authors: Shimizu Takeshi , Murakoshi Hideji , Matsumoto Hidetoshi , Ichino Kota , Hattori Atsunori , Ueno Shinya , Ishida Akimasa , Tajiri Naoki , Hida Hideki
Published: August 2021

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) form a myelin sheath around neuronal axons to increase conduction velocity of action potential. Although both large and small diameter axons are intermingled in the central nervous system (CNS), the number of myelin wrapping is related to the axon diameter, such that the ratio of the diameter of the axon to that of the entire myelinated-axon unit is optimal for each axon, which is required for exerting higher brain functions. This indicates there are unknown axon diameter-dependent factors that control myelination. We tried to investigate physical factors to clarify the mechanisms underlying axon diameter-dependent myelination. To visualize OL-generating forces during myelination, a tension sensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used. Polystyrene nanofibers with varying diameters similar to neuronal axons were prepared to investigate biophysical factors regulating the OL-axon interactions. We found that higher tension was generated at OL processes contacting larger diameter fibers compared with smaller diameter fibers. Additionally, OLs formed longer focal adhesions (FAs) on larger diameter axons and shorter FAs on smaller diameter axons. These results suggest that OLs respond to the fiber diameter and activate mechanotransduction initiated at FAs, which controls their cytoskeletal organization and myelin formation. This study leads to the novel and interesting idea that physical factors are involved in myelin formation in response to axon diameter.
The Efficacy of Intraoperative Passive Language Mapping for Glioma Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Kanaya Kohei , Mitsuhashi Takumi , Kiuchi Takafumi , Kobayashi Sumio
Published: August 2021

Background: Recently, electrocorticographic (ECoG) studies have emphasized the importance of gamma band-based functional mapping in the presurgical localization of the eloquent cortex. Passive functional mapping using ECoG signals provides a reliable method for identifying receptive language areas without many of the risks and limitations associated with electrical cortical stimulation. We report a surgical case of left temporal malignant glioma with intraoperative passive language mapping.

Case Description: A 78-year-old woman was diagnosed with left temporal glioma with inspection of her language difficulty. MRI showed a left temporal tumor measuring 74.6 × 50.0 × 51.5 mm in size. Real-time CortiQ-based mapping using high-gamma activity by word-listening and story-listening tasks was performed. Significant listening task-evoked high gamma activities were detected in 5 channels in the superior temporal gyrus and one channel in the middle temporal gyrus. The tumor was grossly removed except for the region corresponding to listening task-evoked high gamma activities. Postoperatively, the patient's symptoms of language comprehension difficulty improved, and no new neurological deficits were observed.

Conclusion: Intraoperative passive language mapping was successfully performed, and the patient's language function was well-preserved. Intraoperative passive language mapping, which is applicable in a short time and under general anesthesia, can be an important tool for detecting language areas.
Diurnal Variation in Trigeminal Pain Sensitivity in Mice
Authors: Niiro Ayako , Ohno Sachi N. , Yamagata Kanae A. , Yamagata Kazuaki , Tomita Kazuo , Kuramoto Eriko , Oda Yoshiaki , Nakamura Takahiro J. , Nakamura Wataru , Sugimura Mitsutaka
Published: August 2021

Management of time and circadian disruption is an extremely important factor in basic research on pain and analgesia. Although pain is known to vary throughout the day, the mechanism underlying this circadian variation remains largely unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that the process of pain transmission to the central nervous system (after receiving nociceptive stimuli from outside the body) would show day-night differences. Ten-week-old male mice were kept under a strict 12/12-h light/dark cycle for at least 10 days. Formalin was then injected into the second branch region of the trigeminal nerve and the duration of pain-related behaviors (PRBs) was assessed. Immunohistochemical staining was then performed, and the c-Fos-immunopositive cells in the trigeminal spinal tract subnucleus caudalis (Sp5C) were counted. The results showed that the duration of PRBs was longer and the number of c-Fos immunopositive cells in the Sp5C was higher at nighttime than during the day. In addition, the trigeminal ganglia (TG) were extracted from the mice and examined by quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate the daytime and nighttime expression of nociceptive receptors. The results showed that the mRNA expression of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 in the TG was significantly higher at night than during the day. These results suggest that pain in the trigeminal nerve region is more intense at nighttime, when rodents are active, than during the daytime, partly due to differences in nociceptor expression.
Development of a tRNA-Derived Small RNA Prognostic Panel and Their Potential Functions in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Tang Zhenming , Zhang Shuhui , Ling Zhougui
Published: August 2021

Background

Therapeutic outcomes of osteosarcoma treatment have not significantly improved in several decades. Therefore, strong prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed.

Methods

We first extracted the tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) expression profiles of osteosarcoma from the GEO database. Then, we performed a unique module analysis and use the LASSO-Cox model to select survival-associated tsRNAs. Model effectiveness was further verified using an independent validation dataset. Target genes with selected tsRNAs were predicted using RNAhybrid.

Results

A LASSO-Cox model was established to select six prognostic tsRNA biomarkers: tRF-33-6SXMSL73VL4YDN, tRF-32-6SXMSL73VL4YK, tRF-32-M1M3WD8S746D2, tRF-35-RPM830MMUKLY5Z, tRF-33-K768WP9N1EWJDW, and tRF-32-MIF91SS2P46I3. We developed a prognostic panel for osteosarcoma patients concerning their overall survival by high-low risk. Patients with a low-risk profile had improved survival rates in training and validation dataset.

Conclusions

The suggested prognostic panel can be utilized as a reliable biomarker to predict osteosarcoma patient survival rates.
Identification of Tumor Microenvironment-Related Prognostic lncRNAs in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yuan Ligong , Li Feng , Wang Shuaibo , Yi Hang , Li Fang , Mao Yousheng
Published: August 2021

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer and is a severe threat to human health. Although many therapies have been applied to LUAD, the long-term survival rate of patients remains unsatisfactory. We aim to find reliable immune microenvironment-related lncRNA biomarkers to improve LUAD prognosis.

Methods

ESTIMATE analysis was performed to evaluate the degree of immune infiltration of each patient in TAGA LUAD cohort. Correlation analysis was used to identify the immune microenvironment-related lncRNAs. Univariate cox regression analysis, LASSO analysis, and Kaplan Meier analysis were used to construct and validate the prognostic model based on microenvironment-related lncRNAs.

Results

We obtained 1,178 immune microenvironment-related lncRNAs after correlation analysis. One hundred and eighty of them are independent prognostic lncRNAs. Sixteen key lncRNAs were selected by LASSO method. This lncRNA-based model successfully predicted patients’ prognosis in validation cohort, and the risk score was related to pathological stage. Besides, we also found that TP53 had the highest frequency mutation in LUAD, and the mutation of TP53 in the high-risk group, which was identified by our survival model, has a poor prognosis. lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network further suggested that these lncRNAs play a vital role in the prognosis of LUAD.

Conclusion

Here, we filtered 16 key lncRNAs, which could predict the survival of LUAD and may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
“The First Thousand Days” Define a Fetal/Neonatal Neurology Program
Authors: Scher Mark S.
Published: August 2021

Gene–environment interactions begin at conception to influence maternal/placental/fetal triads, neonates, and children with short- and long-term effects on brain development. Life-long developmental neuroplasticity more likely results during critical/sensitive periods of brain maturation over these first 1,000 days. A fetal/neonatal program (FNNP) applying this perspective better identifies trimester-specific mechanisms affecting the maternal/placental/fetal (MPF) triad, expressed as brain malformations and destructive lesions. Maladaptive MPF triad interactions impair progenitor neuronal/glial populations within transient embryonic/fetal brain structures by processes such as maternal immune activation. Destructive fetal brain lesions later in pregnancy result from ischemic placental syndromes associated with the great obstetrical syndromes. Trimester-specific MPF triad diseases may negatively impact labor and delivery outcomes. Neonatal neurocritical care addresses the symptomatic minority who express the great neonatal neurological syndromes: encephalopathy, seizures, stroke, and encephalopathy of prematurity. The asymptomatic majority present with neurologic disorders before 2 years of age without prior detection. The developmental principle of ontogenetic adaptation helps guide the diagnostic process during the first 1,000 days to identify more phenotypes using systems-biology analyses. This strategy will foster innovative interdisciplinary diagnostic/therapeutic pathways, educational curricula, and research agenda among multiple FNNP. Effective early-life diagnostic/therapeutic programs will help reduce neurologic disease burden across the lifespan and successive generations.