bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Let’s put a smile on that scale: Findings from three web survey experiments
Authors: Gummer Tobias , Vogel Vera , Kunz Tanja , Roßmann Joss
Published: June 2019

Graphical symbols such as smileys and other emoticons are prevalent in everyday life. Paralleling their increasing use in private text messaging and even in business communication, smileys and other emoticons also have been used more frequently in surveys. So far, only a few studies have tested the effects of smiley faces as rating scale labels on the response process in web surveys. This study compared smiley face scales with verbally labeled rating scales in three web survey experiments. We found no convincing evidence that using smiley face scales altered response behavior, with the exception that these scales increased response times, which indicates a higher response burden. Based on our findings, we would advise against using smiley face scales when the scales have not been sufficiently tested, and convincing reasons exist for using them.
Out of place, out of time: towards a more-than-human rhythmanalysis of smoking
Authors: Marković Ivan
Published: June 2019

Geography has in the last two decades showed an increasing interest in smoking and while mainly within the purview of health geographies, some have also utilised Foucauldian concepts of ‘governmentality’ and Goffman’s notion of ‘stigma’ to study smoking’s spatial exclusion and purification of public spaces. More recently, cultural geographers have started to investigate the more embodied, sensory as well as affective elements of smoking. Notwithstanding recent developments, the temporalities of smoking have largely remained unaccounted for, while the more-than-human in smoking has received little sustained attention. This article aims to fill this gap and in doing so intervenes in this body of critical work by developing a framework that can account for the pharmacological and habitual affordances of smoking, without descending into the pathologisation of smoking bodies that has characterised a public health focus on the addictive qualities of nicotine. To develop this framework, the article brings theories of the more-than-human into dialogue with rhythmanalysis, in order to examine the messy human–nonhuman ties through which everyday rhythms of smoking are enacted, embodied and performed. By focusing on the spatio-temporal patterns of two nonhuman elements, nicotine and the cigarette, the aim is to dislodge the human body from the centre of analysis. This conceptual more-than-human rethinking of smoking offers a means to account for the agency and affects of nonhumans in relation to smoking, and addiction more broadly, without slipping back into deterministic, public health understandings of the body.
Experimental investigation of modulation effects for contact-type interfaces in vibro-acoustic modulation tests
Authors: Klepka Andrzej , Dziedziech Kajetan , Mrówka Jakub , Górski Jakub
Published: June 2019

This study is an experimental research on non-linear effects occurring in vibro-acoustic modulation tests. The work focuses on the analysis of the modulation type. The modulation of the response signal is due to interaction between low- and high-frequency excitation and damage surfaces, which results in the formation of higher harmonics and sidebands. The analysis of the sidebands is an extremely important issue. Their presence may indicate damage in structure. In many cases, the sidebands can be used to determine the damage index. However, not always, the distribution of the sidebands and their evaluation with excitation amplitude allow for an unambiguous interpretation. This may be the result of various damage-related non-linearity sources, which depend on the amplitude of the excitation. Because different types of non-linearities are manifested in different ways, the change in non-linearity type can cause, for example, the disappearance of odd sidebands and/or even harmonics or change in modulation type. To analyse the indicated issues, the sample with prepared contact surfaces was tested in experimental works. Two excitation types, low and high frequencies, are introduced into the structure via electromagnetic shaker and piezoelectric transducer, respectively, to produce contact-related non-linear effects. The contact surfaces are driven to move relative to each other. For a given scenario, the analysis of modulation sidebands is performed based on signal response. The instantaneous frequency approach is used to evaluate modulation type. The results show that the changes in the amplitude of the excitation change the modulation type of response signal. The probable causes of this phenomenon are given.
A case for trans-local police governance
Authors: Houtsonen Jarmo , Huotari Vesa
Published: June 2019

We argue that in the present conditions of differentiated societies a preferable form of police governance and accountability should both be built upon and actively strive towards universal and trans-local criteria, rather than be built upon on some local features or idiosyncrasies. The local governance of the police appears too simple a remedy for police legitimacy and accountability since it might predispose the police to unprofessionalism and heterogeneity of standards, making it vulnerable to co-optation by powerful local interests. The article is based on our experiences of the Finnish form of police governance that has functioned quite well, partly because policing is embedded in the Nordic welfare state model, which strongly supports citizens’ universal rights and social equality. However, the ideas put forward are urgently needed in differentiated societies, characterized by increasing socioeconomic inequality and multiple sources of cultural identity and belongingness. For us the concept of spatial representation appears to be a fundamental aspect in all governance. The argument rests on the idea that modern, differentiated society calls for representations of spatiality and belongingness that are inclusive rather than exclusive, universal rather than particular and trans-local rather than local. Our arguments for trans-local police governance are specified in terms of the universal rule of law, a uniform approach to policing, general professional police competencies and a general professional ethos in policing.
Epilepsy Did it Again: Memory and Model-Based Planning Studied in Patients After Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: Velíšek Libor
Published: June 2019

[Box: see text]
Linking Survey and Twitter Data: Informed Consent, Disclosure, Security, and Archiving
Authors: Sloan Luke , Jessop Curtis , Al Baghal Tarek , Williams Matthew
Published: June 2019

Linked survey and Twitter data present an unprecedented opportunity for social scientific analysis, but the ethical implications for such work are complex—requiring a deeper understanding of the nature and composition of Twitter data to fully appreciate the risks of disclosure and harm to participants. In this article, we draw on our experience of three recent linked data studies, briefly discussing the background research on data linkage and the complications around ensuring informed consent. Particular attention is paid to the vast array of data available from Twitter and in what manner it might be disclosive. In light of this, the issues of maintaining security, minimizing risk, archiving, and reuse are applied to linked Twitter and survey data. In conclusion, we reflect on how our ability to collect and work with Twitter data has outpaced our technical understandings of how the data are constituted and observe that understanding one’s data is an essential prerequisite for ensuring best ethical practice.
Does High Volume of Exercise Training Increase Aseptic Vascular Inflammation in Male Athletes?
Authors: Zembron-Lacny Agnieszka , Tylutka Anna , Zeromska Agnieszka , Kasperska Anna , Wolny-Rokicka Edyta
Published: June 2019

Aseptic vascular inflammation can be caused by high levels of various inflammatory and apoptotic factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), nitric oxide (NO), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-Nitro), and free and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) generated during intense exercise. Endothelial dysfunction resulting from enhanced inflammation has been implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of the study was to observe the effects of high volume of exercise training on inflammatory mediators and their interaction with conventional CVD risk factors.

Blood samples were collected from highly-trained men ( n = 16, 21.8 ± 4.0 years) as well as from nonactive men ( n = 20, 21.1 ± 1.1 years). NO concentration did not differ between groups while TNFα, 3-Nitro, oxLDL, and CRP levels were significantly higher in athletes compared to nonathletes. TNFα reached even 7-fold higher level in athletes and was highly correlated with CVD risk factor such as TG, lipoproteins LDL and HDL as well as CRP. Approximately 50% of physically active men demonstrated a 20% increase in non-HDL caused by high levels of TC and LDL.

These findings suggest that athletes with a high exercise volume demonstrate increased levels of circulating biomarkers of vascular inflammation and may be more likely to have CVD.
Tunnel boring machine cutterhead crack propagation life prediction with time integration method
Authors: Li Jianbin , Zhang Zhange , Meng Zhichao , Huo Junzhou , Xu Zhaohui , Chen Jing
Published: June 2019

Fatigue damage is one of the most common failure modes of large-scale engineering equipment, especially the full-face tunnel boring machine with characteristics of a thick plate structure bearing strong impact load. It is difficult to predict the location and propagation life of crack of cutterhead under strong impact load. Unseasonal maintenance of equipment caused by inaccurate prediction of life cycle of cutterhead seriously affects the construction efficiency of the equipment and the life safety of the operators. Determining the crack location of tunnel boring machine cutterhead structure under strong impact load and predicting the crack propagation life are difficult scientific problems. To solve them, first, the location of the stress concentration of the cutterhead is determined by using finite element analysis method of statics. Second, prediction model for crack propagation life of tunnel boring machine cutterhead characteristic substructure based on time integration is built. And the test of crack growth of cutterhead characteristic substructure is performed. The feasibility and accuracy of the prediction model are verified by contrasting crack prediction models and the results of the test. Finally, the life prediction of tunnel boring machine cutterhead of water diversion project in Northwest Liaoning Province is carried out by using crack propagation model based on time integration. Results show that the maximum error of theoretical prediction and experimental results of crack propagation is 16%. So the feasibility of crack propagation model based on time integration in predicting the crack growth of cutterhead is verified. It is predicted that the tunnel boring machine cutterhead panel can work normally for 5.9 km under the condition of ultimate load. Building the crack propagation model considering the influence of plate thickness and strong impact load has important research value for improving the working efficiency of engineering equipment, prolonging service time, and improving the working safety.
An area of untapped potential? The use of restorative justice in the fight against serious and organized crime: A perception study
Authors: D’Souza Nikki , L’Hoiry Xavier
Published: June 2019

This article presents the results of a perception study which examined the potential for deploying restorative justice (RJ) in the context of serious and organized crime (SOC) offending. This is a hitherto unexplored area of debate and the study sought to engage the key stakeholders in RJ processes – victims, offenders and practitioners – to gather their views as to the suitability and desirability of extending RJ in this way. Employing a mixed methods approach, the study engaged over 40 participants across the three stakeholder groups. The findings challenge existing, deeply embedded orthodoxies concerning the very nature of SOC offending and offenders’ motivations, as well confirming the multiplicity of SOC victims’ expectations. The findings also demonstrate the urgent need for further debate concerning how best to account for the complexity of SOC victims’ needs which are currently unmet by the systemic limits of the criminal justice system.
Marketization of universities in China: A critical discourse analysis of the university president’s message
Authors: Teo Peter , Ren Songsha
Published: June 2019

This article focuses on the global phenomenon of the marketization of higher education and how it has shaped the discourses of China’s top universities. By analyzing the university presidents’ messages published in the websites of 36 top-ranked universities in China, the aim is to ascertain the extent to which this institutionalized genre imbricates a marketizing role with other ideological imperatives. Informed by the theoretical principles of Critical Discourse Analysis and adopting a genre analysis methodological approach, we first examined the macro-level rhetorical structure followed by a micro-level analysis of the discursive strategies used in the presidents’ messages. The findings reveal a dynamic interweaving of three distinct discursive strands – bureaucratic, conversational and advertising – constructed in and around the move structure of the presidents’ messages. This interdiscursive analysis reveals competing imperatives and contestations that reflect the dual role of the presidents’ messages to project a globalized, international outlook while maintaining an allegiance to political ideologies and national interests that top-ranked universities in China have to simultaneously negotiate.
Sense Ginsenosides From Ginsengs: Structure-Activity Relationship in Autophagy
Authors: Wu Tao , Kwaku Osafo Raymond , Li Hai-Zhou , Yang Chong-Ren , Ge Long-Jiao , Xu Min
Published: June 2019

The term ginseng refers to the dried roots of several plants belonging to the genus Panax of the Araliaceae family. The 3 major commercial ginsengs are Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen (Notoginseng), P. ginseng C.A. Meyer (Ginseng), and P. quinquefolius L. (American ginseng), which have been used as herbal medicines. Over 18,000 papers on ginsengs have been published on the basis of their structural diversity and biological activities. Many reviews have summarized the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical use of ginsengs, but the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of ginsenosides from ginsengs in autophagy is unavailable. Herein, we review the structural diversity of ginsenosides, especially the ones in notoginseng, and the SAR in autophagic activity is discussed in detail.
Allocation of Regional Emission Permits in China: Based on the Technology of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction
Authors: Li Lei , Liu Xiaohong
Published: June 2019

As a large developing country experiencing rapid economic growth, China is facing the dual pressures and challenges of insufficient resources and protecting the ecological environment. However, China is a vast territory, and the spread of regional economic development is extremely uneven. Therefore, the responsibility for emission reductions undertaken by each region cannot be allocated equally. In response to this problem, this study proposes an emission permit allocation model that is built from the perspective of efficiency and energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) technology. Compared with other models, the model proposed in this study has two innovations. First, the model allows central decision makers to adjust the emission reduction index under various conditions and for various reasons. This further allows the total emissions reduction amounts to be adjusted. Second, the proposed model could also allocate emission permits from the perspective of ECER technology. An empirical study on the allocation of SO2 emission permits at provincial level in China shows the following: (a) The overall ECER level in China is low, and there are significant differences in ECER efficiency in different regions. (b) Significant differences in ECER technologies exist in different regions of China. In particular, the ECER technology standards in China’s northeast region are far below the national average. (c) Each province’s emission reduction targets should be reasonably set, based on actual production conditions. If excessive emission reduction targets are set, it becomes unreasonably difficult to complete the emission reduction task.
Archaeobotanical Evidence of Hazelnut (Corylus heterophylla, Betulaceae) Exploitation in the Neolithic Northern China
Authors: Sheng Pengfei , Shang Xue , Zhou Xinying , Jiang Hongen
Published: June 2019

Hazelnut is an important nut food that was widely consumed throughout prehistory. Archaeologists frequently find the charred plant macrofossils of Corylus at archaeological sites throughout Eurasia. We present new records of charred Siberian hazelnut ( Corylus heterophylla) that were recovered from the Beiniu site (109.32°E, 34.46°N) in Shaanxi Province, North West China, that are directly dated around 5,400 cal. yr BP. They are basic evidence that we use to reconstruct the early history of hazelnut use in the northern part of China. Our findings in China are much less abundant than the hazelnut remains recovered at archaeological sites in Europe and North America. We suggest that the hazelnuts deposited in the cultural layer of Beiniu site were not intentionally used as a fuel but rather were first broken and then consumed as food before their eventual charring in a refuse pit. These discoveries also contribute to our understanding of risk mitigation strategies in food production by ancient farmers in China.
Financial Support and Growth of Township and Village Enterprises in China: Fresh Evidence From Regional Analyses
Authors: Gao Xincai , Ji Zhongyang , Ahmad Fayyaz , Draz Muhammad Umar
Published: June 2019

This article aims to investigate the impact of financial support on output of township and village enterprises (TVEs) during 2007 to 2013. We use panel data of 28 provinces of China to study the heterogeneous effects of financial support on output of TVEs by introducing control variables and financial support variables of interaction terms and panel threshold model. This article uses the counterfactual measurement method to measure the actual contribution of financial support toward the output of TVEs. The results show that there is an inverted-U relationship between financial support and output of TVEs. Foreign capital participation and economic development enhance the driving effect of financial support, whereas, export intensity, fiscal support, and expansion of enterprise scale reduce the financial support effect. Regional analyses indicate that financial support in the central region of China has a significant positive effect; however, the effect of financial support is not significant in the western region. Furthermore, the contribution of financial support to the total output is 16% to 18% in the eastern region, and 14% to 16% in the central region.
Ankle Sprain Versus Muscle Strain Injury in Professional Men’s Basketball: A 9-Year Prospective Follow-up Study
Authors: Rodas Gil , Bove Toni , Caparrós Toni , Langohr Klaus , Medina Daniel , Hamilton Bruce , Sugimoto Dai , Casals Martí
Published: June 2019

Background:

Ankle sprain is the most common injury in basketball players. However, in our routine clinical evaluation, we observe a high frequency of muscle injury. Currently, no reliable information is available regarding the magnitude of these types of injury.

Purpose:

To describe the type and rate of muscle injuries in male basketball players and discuss clinical management and prevention strategies.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

A total of 59 professional male basketball players were evaluated over 9 seasons (2007-2015). All injuries during the study period were registered through use of a validated electronic medical record system.

Results:

We analyzed 463 injuries, of which 207 resulted in time loss and 256 required medical attention, for a total exposure time of 42,678 hours for the 59 players involved in the study. Muscle strains and ankle sprains accounted for 21.2% (n = 98) and 11.9% (n = 55) of all injuries, respectively. The global incidence rate was 10.8 injuries per 1000 player-hours (95% CI, 9.9-11.9). The global injury burden was 53.9 days lost due to injuries per 1000 hours for a total exposure time. The incidence rate of muscle strains (2.3; 95% CI, 1.9-2.8) was higher than that of ankle sprains (1.3; 95% CI, 1-1.7). The incidence rate for muscle injuries for the entire study period was 1.8 times higher (95% CI, 1.28-2.49) than that for ankle sprains.

Conclusion:

In this study, muscle injuries were more commonly observed compared with ankle sprains. Prevention strategies for muscle injuries may be worth discussing.
Utility of MRI in the Evaluation of Acute Greater Tuberosity Proximal Humeral Fractures
Authors: Pitcher Austin , Langhammer Christopher , Feeley Brian T.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Understanding soft tissue injury patterns associated with greater tuberosity (GT) fractures may help clinicians provide guidance to patients.

Hypothesis:

Evaluating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with suspected isolated GT fractures will help elucidate the role of MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of medical records from 2010 to 2014 for patients presenting with acute isolated GT fractures and MRI. Uncomplicated and delayed recovery groups were established according to the need for delayed procedural intervention or persistent symptoms past last recorded follow-up. Multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships between MRI findings and delayed recovery.

Results:

A total of 32 patients met the inclusion criteria (mean age, 47 years [range, 24-88 years]; mean follow-up, 30 weeks [range, 33 days–4 years]). There was no significant difference in the estimation of fracture displacement as measured on radiography and compared with MRI (radiography, 2.8 mm; MRI, 3.5 mm; P = .16). There was a high incidence of full-thickness rotator cuff tears (9%), partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (72%), partial biceps tendon tears (41%), and labral tears (50%). Presence of biceps pathology or partial-thickness rotator cuff tear was predictive of delayed recovery in a multivariate model.

Conclusion:

There is a high incidence of soft tissue injury found by MRI following GT fracture. MRI did not appreciably change the measure of displacement of the fracture fragment. In the multivariate analysis, presence of a partial-thickness rotator cuff tear or biceps tendon injury was associated with delayed recovery.
The morphology and circuity of walkable, bikeable, and drivable street networks in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Authors: Yen Yat , Zhao Pengjun , Sohail Muhammad T
Published: June 2019

Street network analysis is a growing area in sustainable transportation research. Most academic papers on the topic have, so far, been concentrated in Europe and America, with less attention paid to rapidly growing cities in low income nations. This is problematic because transportation networks are rapidly evolving in developing countries and the impacts of misguided transportation policies (including air pollution and road traffic casualties) are particularly acute. Metrics on the performance of street networks could help inform policy. This paper uses the Python package OSMnx to analyze and evaluate street networks in 12 districts of Phnom Penh from OpenStreetMap. Results suggest that topological and geometric characteristics of street networks are more conducive to walking and biking in the central districts than in the peripheral districts. The central districts are also better connected to core network corridors. To promote sustainable urban mobility, new developments and street renewals should be incorporated facilities, services, and safety of walking and biking. Some policy implications are suggested for future designs of the Phnom Penh’s street networks to increase livability and sustainability.
Effect of military expenditure on economic growth: evidences from India Pakistan and China using cointegration and causality analysis
Authors: Raju Mohammad Hasan , Ahmed Zobayer
Published: June 2019

The study revisited the existing evidences of India Pakistan and China with updated data on the effect of military expenditure on economic growth. Econometric approaches analyzed the short and long run relationship between GDP growth and Military expenditure. Empirical studies have been done using cointegration analysis and causality test to justify the relationship and causality of the variables. Interestingly, study obtained positive log-run relation, no short run relationship and unidirectional long run causality in every cases, but for different degrees of relationship. Obtained results are robust and passed necessary diagnostic tests significantly.
Creating a Synthetic Clinical Trial: Comparative Effectiveness Analyses Using an Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Zauderer Marjorie G. , Grigorenko Aleksandr , May Paul , Kastango Nicholas , Wagner Isaac , Caroline Aryeh , Kris Mark G.
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE

Electronic medical records (EMRs) are a vast resource of potentially mineable data that can be used to complement and extend clinical trials. Extracting and analyzing EMR data are impeded by technical complexities associated with large, multiformat databases. We sought to develop and validate a framework that would overcome the difficulties associated with EMR data and create a simple, portable, and expandable system to better use this resource.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

An Internet-accessible program was developed in Python that applied user-defined criteria to identify and extract patient data from Memorial Sloan Kettering databases. A Worker Application composed of individual modules was developed to identify each patient’s functional status, smoking status, and treatment classification. The validity of this approach was tested by identifying, extracting, and analyzing data from a patient cohort that paralleled a practice-changing, prospective, randomized phase III clinical trial performed at a different institution. We called this a synthetic clinical trial.

RESULTS

Our synthetic clinical trial identified and extracted data on a cohort of 281 patients with lung cancer who matched inclusion criteria and received their first treatment between October 2003 and July 2010. The data extraction modules were precise and accurate, with F-measures greater than 0.98. Results were similar in directionality and magnitude to the chosen comparator clinical trial.

CONCLUSION

Our framework offers an accurate and user-friendly interface for identifying and extracting EMR data that can be used to create synthetic clinical trials. Additional studies are needed to validate this approach in other patient cohorts, replicate our findings, and leverage this methodology to improve patient care and accelerate drug development.
Recovery of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis After Transsphenoidal Adenomectomy for Non–ACTH-Secreting Macroadenomas
Authors: Pofi Riccardo , Gunatilake Sonali , Macgregor Victoria , Shine Brian , Joseph Robin , Grossman Ashley B , Isidori Andrea M , Cudlip Simon , Jafar-Mohammadi Bahram , Tomlinson Jeremy W , Pal Aparna
Published: June 2019

Context

Secondary adrenal insufficiency is a potential complication of transsphenoidal adenomectomy (TSA). Most centers test recovery of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis after TSA, but, to our knowledge, there are no data predicting likelihood of recovery or the frequency of later recovery of HPA function.

Objective

To assess timing and predictors of HPA axis recovery after TSA.

Design

Single-center, retrospective analysis of consecutive pituitary surgeries performed between February 2015 and September 2018.

Patients

Patients (N = 109) with short Synacthen test (SST) data before and at sequential time points after TSA.

Main outcome measures

Recovery of HPA axis function at 6 weeks, and 3, 6, and 9 to12 months after TSA.

Results

Preoperative SST indicated adrenal insufficiency in 21.1% Among these patients, 34.8% recovered by 6 weeks after TSA. Among the 65.2% (n = 15) remaining, 13.3% and 20% recovered at 3 months and 9 to 12 months, respectively. Of the 29% of patients with adrenal insufficiency at the 6-week SST, 16%, 12%, and 6% subsequently recovered at 3, 6, and 9 to 12 months, respectively. Preoperative SST 30-minute cortisol, postoperative day 8 cortisol, and 6-week postoperative SST baseline cortisol levels above or below 430 nmol/L [15.5 μg/dL; AUC ROC, 0.86]; 160 nmol/L (5.8 μg/dL; AUC ROC, 0.75); and 180 nmol/L (6.5 μg/dL; AUC ROC, 0.88), were identified as cutoffs for predicting 6-week HPA recovery. No patients with all three cutoffs below the threshold recovered within 12 months after TSA, whereas 92% with all cutoffs above the threshold recovered HPA function within 6 weeks (OR, 12.200; 95% CI, 5.268 to 28.255).

Conclusion

HPA axis recovery can occur as late as 9 to 12 months after TSA, demonstrating the need for periodic reassessment of patients who initially have SST-determined adrenal insufficiency after TSA. Pre- and postoperative SST values can guide which patients are likely to recover function and potentially avoid unnecessary lifelong glucocorticoid replacement.
Impaired 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 in Glucocorticoid-Resistant Patients
Authors: Vitellius Géraldine , Delemer Brigitte , Caron Philippe , Chabre Olivier , Bouligand Jérôme , Pussard Eric , Trabado Séverine , Lombes Marc
Published: June 2019

Context

Six patients carrying heterozygous loss-of-function mutations of glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) presented with hypercortisolism, associated with low kalemia, low plasma renin, and aldosterone levels, with or without hypertension, suggesting a pseudohypermineralocorticism whose mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that an impaired activity of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2; encoded by the HSD11B2 gene), catalyzing cortisol (F) inactivation, may account for an inappropriate activation of a renal mineralocorticoid signaling pathway in these GC-resistant patients.

Objective

We aim at studying the GR-mediated regulation of HSD11B2.

Design

The HSD11B2 promoter was subcloned and luciferase reporter assays evaluated GR-dependent HSD11B2 regulation, and 11β-HSD2 expression/activity was studied in human breast cancer MCF7 cells, endogenously expressing this enzyme.

Results

Transfection assays revealed that GR transactivated the long (2.1-kbp) HSD11B2 promoter construct, whereas a defective 501H GR mutant was unable to stimulate luciferase activity. GR-mediated transactivation of the HSD11B2 gene was inhibited by the GR antagonist RU486. A threefold increase in HSD11B2 mRNA levels was observed after dexamethasone (DXM) treatment of MCF7 cells, inhibited by RU486 or by actinomycin, supporting a GR-dependent transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation further demonstrated a DXM-dependent GR recruitment onto the HSD11B2 promoter. 11β-HSD2 activity, evaluated by the cortisone/F ratio, quantified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, was 10-fold higher in the supernatant of DXM-treated cells than controls, consistent with a GR-dependent stimulation of 11β-HSD2 catalytic activity.

Conclusion

Collectively, we demonstrate that 11β-HSD2 expression and activity are transcriptionally regulated by GR. In the context of GR haploinsufficiency, these findings provide evidence that defective GR signaling may account for apparent mineralocorticoid excess in GC-resistant patients.
My parents were killed in Sobibor, but it feels as if I was there: Imagination in my Interviews
Authors: Leydesdorff Selma
Published: June 2019

During the Demjanjuk trial in Munich (2009–2011), I had the unexpected privilege to interview the Nebenkläger (co-plaintiffs) who testified in court about Sobibor. They related extremely sad stories about losing fathers, mothers, spouses and close family. In this article, I attempt to analyse their extreme loneliness and I wonder how to interpret their fragmented language of trauma. What kind of knowledge did they commit, and in what way are their stories different from the stories told by survivors?
Leonidas Karakatsanis, Turkish-Greek Relations: Rapprochement, Civil Society and the Politics of Friendship
Authors: Derisiotis Anthony
Published: June 2019

Review of Leonidas Karakatsanis, Turkish-Greek Relations: Rapprochement, Civil Society and the Politics of Friendship. London and New York: Routledge, 2014. xxi + 283 pp.
Konstantinos Raptis, Die Grafen Harrach und ihre Welt 1884–1945
Authors: Mantouvalos Ikaros
Published: June 2019

Review of Konstantinos Raptis. Die Grafen Harrach und ihre Welt 1884–1945. Vienna: Boehlau, 2017. 373 pp.
Examining the Extended Parallel Process Model for communicating about cardiovascular disease to an at-risk population utilising a think aloud methodology
Authors: Moylett Sinead , Hevey David
Published: June 2019

Background:Previous research has raised a number of questions about the core propositions of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). Very few previous examinations of the model have included qualitative assessments.

Methods:The current study utilised a mixed method approach to experimental test EPPM-based threat-to-efficacy ratios in health risk messages about CVD and the associated health behaviours among older adults (60+ years) who would be at an alleviated risk of CVD. The current focus is on the qualitative aspect of this assessment and utilised a think aloud methodology in order to gain greater insight into participants’ thinking and problem-solving processes when presented with EPPM-based communications about cardiovascular disease (CVD). 24 participants (4 per group; Female = 14; Age,M= 74.38,SD= 7.16) were randomly assigned to one of six EPPM threat-to-efficacy ratio CVD message groups.

Results:A thematic analysis was conducted, and the important themes were those of different threat perceptions for varying CVD manifestations (heart disease versus stroke), and the role of comparative (versus personal) threat and efficacy perceptions for all participants. The difference between threat appraisals for stroke versus other CVD manifestations was a novel finding.

Conclusions: For the EPPM and other theories of health risk and decision-making, the impact of comparative risk and social examples for individual threat and efficacy perceptions needs to be counted.
Enterprise Competitiveness Management: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Талатин Е. , Talatin E.
Published: June 2019

The article considers various approaches and methods of enterprise management. The influence of external and internal factors on the competitive potential of the enterprise is analyzed. The systematization of features of enterprise management in a competitive environment is given.
Epistemological aspects of self-organization processes in socio-economic systems from the standpoint of economic and mathematical modeling
Authors: Куссый Михаил , Kussyy Mihail
Published: June 2019

The monograph examines the processes of self-organization in socio-economic systems and some of their epistemological aspects from the standpoint of economic and mathematical modeling. The existing problems of modern economic theory, as well as approaches to modern research in economics, are investigated. It is shown that the key role in the processes of self-organization in socio-economic systems is played by the anthropogenic factor (namely, the expectations and preferences of economic agents). The main characteristics and mechanisms of self-organization processes in socio-economic systems, as well as the reasons that determine them, are investigated. The actual problems of mathematical modeling in economics are noted and solutions to some of these problems are proposed. It is recommended to researchers dealing with the problems of socio-economic systems behavior and its modeling.
Content management
Authors: Цупин Владимир , Cupin Vladimir , Ниматулаев Магомедан , Nimatulaev Magomedhan
Published: June 2019

The content management system is essentially used to provide and organize a joint process of creating, editing and managing content. With the help of these systems, information and educational portals are developed, which are the basis of knowledge management. At the same time, content management systems provide convenient management of data stored in the database and provides dynamic display of site pages.
Designed for students studying in all areas of training bachelors, as well as undergraduates, graduate students and teachers to update the skills in the use of information and communication technologies for effective work with web-content.
High-voltage electrical equipment in electrical power systems: diagnostics, defects, damage, monitoring
Authors: Хренников Александр , Khrennikov Alexander
Published: June 2019

The analysis of the main methods of diagnostics of electrical equipment for detection of defects and damages in the course of operation is presented. Analysis of the effectiveness of the main diagnostic methods is accompanied by examples of detection of defects and damage to specific equipment: power transformers, reactors, current and voltage transformers, disconnectors, turbogenerators, OPN, etc.
Examples of damage and investigation of technological violations of oil-filled transformer-reactor equipment during operation, associated with the loss of electrodynamic resistance of the windings during the flow of through short-circuit currents (short-circuit). The analysis of efficiency of application of methods of diagnostics at detection of defects and damages of power transformers because of the impact of fault current. The questions of electrodynamic tests of power transformers (reactors) for resistance to short-circuit currents, which serve as a tool to improve the reliability of their design, are considered.
Land management and land use management
Authors: Слезко Вячеслав , Slezko Vyacheslav , Слезко Леонид , Slyezko Lyeonid , Слезко Евгений , Slyezko YEvgyeniy
Published: June 2019

The textbook considers a range of issues reflecting the evolution of land relations in Russia, shows the mechanisms of land management, reveals the essence and content of land valuation. The procedure of contesting the cadastral value of land plots is disclosed.
The material is presented taking into account the changes made to the land legislation and entered into force on January 1, 2017.
The manual is intended for bachelors, students of higher educational institutions and students of the system of professional retraining, students in the direction of "Management", as well as specialists in this field and for students in other economic areas.
Self-employment and social protection: understanding variations between welfare regimes
Authors: Spasova Slavina , Bouget Denis , Ghailani Dalila , Vanhercke Bart
Published: June 2019

Given the mounting importance of self-employment on the political and policy agenda on a national and EU level, this article sheds light on the under- researched area of social protection for these workers. It focuses on their statutory access to social protection schemes in 35 European countries. We classify social protection systems into three categories based on the access they provide to insurance-based schemes for the self-employed. Crucially, we discuss the link between statutory access to social protection for these workers and typologies of welfare regimes and show that it tends to follow the main institutional patterns of these.
547. Turismo residencial de extranjeros en la Costa Blanca: su manifestación territorial y estudio de casos representativos
Authors: Domínguez Martínez Laura , Martí Ciriquián Pablo , Nolasco Cirugeda Almudena
Published: June 2019

La costa de la provincia de Alicante, la denominada Costa Blanca, ha experimentado una importante transformación territorial en el periodo 1990 y 2010 debido, fundamentalmente, al crecimiento urbano y la considerable presencia de población noreuropea que se asienta en la zona costera con fines turísticos. En este sentido, con el objetivo de analizar las cualidades de algunos de los escenarios ocupados, se estudia tanto el proceso de ocupación como el del incremento poblacional a partir de dos tipos de datos diferentes y complementarios: por un lado, la ocupación del suelo ofrecida tanto por el proyecto CORINE (CoORdination of INformation of the Environment) como el SIOSE (Sistema de Información sobre Ocupación del Suelo de España); y por otro lado, los datos demográficos ofrecidos por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística —INE— y la Encuesta de movimientos turísticos en las fronteras — FRONTUR— . En el proceso de identificación de casos de estudio se parte de los datos globales provinciales para, en las comarcas litorales, encontrar aquellos municipios más representativos tanto del crecimiento urbano como de la concentración de población noreuropea con el fin de estudiar las principales cualidades urbanísticas de sus asentamientos. Las conclusiones constatan que el auge del turismo residencial está relacionado con un importante incremento en la ocupación de suelo y con el crecimiento de la población noreuropea.Además, se observa cómo las urbanizaciones estudiadas se construyen según cualidades urbanísticas concretas que utilizan tipologías arquitectónicas particulares.
558. Requalificação e gentrificação no centro historico do Porto
Authors: Alves Sónia
Published: June 2019

Este artigo procura testar a hipótese de gentrificação residencial do centro histórico do Porto, no contexto das transformações observadas nas estruturas económica, social e de habitação da cidade ao longo das últimas décadas. A hipótese de substituição de famílias de baixo rendimento por uma população da classe média-alta é testada através de uma metodologia que combina técnicas de análise qualitativa (entrevistas a moradores/ ex-moradores e a atores institucionais locais) e de análise quantitativa (dados dos censos à população e habitação). Os resultados empíricos indicam que o afastamento da população de baixos rendimentos se deveu mais à degradação do que à requalificação habitacional. Indicam ainda que na atual fase de políticas neoliberais, que favorecem processos de especulação imobiliária e de gentrificação comercial, se aprofunda a ameaça de desertificação residencial do centro histórico do Porto.
577. Influencia del turismo residencial sobre el riesgo de inundación en el litoral de la región de Murcia
Authors: López Martínez Francisco , Pérez Morales Alfredo
Published: June 2019

En las últimas décadas, el litoral mediterráneo español ha experimentado una intensa demanda turístico-residencial que transformaron por completo la dinámica socio-territorial tanto de los municipios de primera línea de costa, como los de áreas limítrofes. Entre los distintos patrones constructivos que rompieron dicha dinámica territorial, el modelo resort destaca debido a elevada representatividad y su rápida integración dentro de los instrumentos de planeamiento urbano local. Al igual que el resto de desarrollos urbanísticos, esta forma de expansión urbana se ha hecho de forma escasamente adaptada a los condicionantes ambientales, principalmente, en lo que se refiere al respeto de las zonas tradicionalmente inundables. Por consiguiente, el presente trabajo pretende evaluar el nivel de permisividad adquirido por los planificadores locales ante el riesgo de inundación, así como la influencia de este modelo constructivo sobre el número de inundaciones. Para ello se han combinado en un SIG las figuras de planeamiento local con la cartografía de zonas inundables. Como resultado, se deduce una deficiente gestión preventiva del riesgo de inundación, con el consiguiente incremento del número de áreas y bienes expuestos.
561. Nuevas metodologías para el estudio de la movilidad habitual: el uso de los registros administrativos en la movilidad por motivos de estudio en Catalunya
Authors: Alberich González Joan
Published: June 2019

El cambio en el censo de 2011 ha supuesto la pérdida de información sobre la movilidad habitual, hecho especialmente grave en el caso de Catalunya, donde desde el año 1986 se disponía de una serie homogénea. Para suplir este hecho, desde el año 2011 el Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya realiza la explotación estadística de los registros administrativos, que proporcionan información con carácter anual. El artículo tiene un doble objetivo: por un lado, analizar la validez de esta fuente de información y, por el otro, trazar una breve radiografía de la movilidad reciente por motivo de estudios en Catalunya.
568. De la estancia de baños al veraneo de clase media: el cambio de modelo urbano en Plentzia (Bizkaia), 1890-1975
Authors: Beascoechea Gangoiti José María
Published: June 2019

Durante el primer tercio del siglo XX, las riberas de la margen derecha de la ría de Plentzia, entre el Astillero y los arenales de Gorliz, fueron saneadas, parceladas y vendidas en una serie de distintas iniciativas vinculadas con proyectos de urbanización asociados a la demanda veraneante. Allí se asentaría la nueva población flotante, y los nuevos equipamientos: deportivos, administrativos, educativos, servicios, portuarios etc. Este proceso se consolidó realmente tras la guerra civil, pero fueron los años del desarrollismo franquista el momento de mayor expansión, vinculado a la explosión del turismo de masas en España.
597. Uso del fuego y conflictividad social en la montaña Cantábrica: el valle del Nansa (1750-1850)
Authors: Carrecedo Martín Virginia , Ceballos Cuerno Carmen , Garmendia Pedraja Carolina , De la Puente Fernández Leonor , Rivas Mantecón Victoria , Vazquez Fernández Iago
Published: June 2019

En la montaña Cantábrica el uso del fuego constituye un método habitual de mantenimiento de las áreas de pasto. A partir de documentación de archivo, se realiza una reconstrucción histórica de esta práctica en el valle del Nansa (Cantabria, España). El análisis de (1) solicitudes y autorizaciones de licencia de quema y (2) expedientes de incendio permiten determinar la causalidad, estacionalidad, frecuencia y procedimientos técnico y administrativo, así como los agentes implicados. Los resultados evidencian distintas motivaciones: las de tipo económico, ligadas a la necesidad de mantener y ampliar la superficie de pasto para una población y cabaña ganadera en aumento; y las de origen social e institucional, vinculadas a actitudes de protesta frente a una administración que limita los usos y derechos de los espacios de monte.
601. Diferenciación socio-espacial urbana: mapa sintético de la estratificación de los barrios de Bilbao
Authors: Altuzarra Artola Amaia , Álvarez González Irantzu , Martínez Tola Elena , Rodríguez Álvarez Arantxa
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es obtener una clasificación de los barrios de Bilbao (España) que permita apoyar la formulación y aplicación de las políticas urbanas. Para ello, se ha realizado una caracterización de los barrios del municipio de Bilbao en relación con los rasgos de la población, las condiciones socio-económicas, la cohesión social y las características de las viviendas. Esta clasificación se ha obtenido mediante el Análisis Factorial Múltiple (AFM) y el Análisis Clúster. El resultado son unas nuevas agrupaciones de los barrios de Bilbao que mejoran el conocimiento de las estructuras subyacentes en la ciudad y contribuyen a aplicar de forma más eficiente las estrategias de planificación urbana. De esta manera, la estratificación de los barrios del municipio de Bilbao en grupos homogéneos permite definir intervenciones adaptadas a las especificidades de cada barrio o grupo de barrios.