bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twice as many helpers: Unpacking the connection between marriage migration and older labour immigrants’ access to family support
Authors: Liversage Anika
Published: December 2018

In research on ethnic minority families, the topics of marriage migration and filial support to the elderly have generally been studied separately. This article argues that the two phenomena are linked, as older immigrants are better able to receive family support when children-in-law arrive as marriage migrants, leaving behind their own parents in their country of origin. On the basis of interviews with 39 first-generation immigrants from Turkey who are aging in Denmark, the study argues that the substantial family support which these older immigrants receive depends on the ability of their children and children-in-law to divide such support between them. In the host country context in which women generally work, however, the failing health of older immigrants may lead to considerable family strain. To honour filial obligations, some families make use of an option to seek to have daughters or daughters-in-law employed by the authorities to provide family support.
Book reviews
Authors: Liu Jonathan , Mahmutoglu Vildan , Vathi Zana , Kulu-Glasgow Işık
Published: December 2018

Beatrice Knerr and Fan Jieping (eds.) (2015). Chinese Diasporas in Europe – History, Challenges and Prospects, Kassell: Kassell University Press (ISBN: 978-3-86219-942-6, 250 pp).Amanda Haynes, Martin J. Power, Eoin Devereux, Aileen Dillane and James Carr (eds.) (2016). Public and Political Discourses of Migration, International Perspectives, London: Rowman & Littlefield (ISBN: 978-1-783483-28-0, 302 pp).Eckehard Pistrick (2015). Performing Nostalgia: Migration Culture and Creativity in South Albania, London: Rowman & Littlefield (ISBN: 978-1-472449-53-5, 266 pp).Sari K. Ishii (ed.) (2016). Marriage Migration in Asia: emerging minorities at the frontiers of nation-states. Singapore/Japan: Nus Press/Kyoto University Press (ISBN: 978-4-87698-892-1, 216 pp).
Editorial
Authors: De Tona Carla
Published: December 2018

The articles included in this issue deal with a number of countries, including Malaysia, the Netherlands, Sweden, the Philippines, India, China, Mexico and Tanzania. They look at the issues of brain-drain and behavioural approach (Ramoo et al.); multi-professional collaboration in promoting migrant integration (Vanhanen and Heikkila); the distribution of income gains in labour market migration (Korpi et al.); labour market gaps between migrants and natives (Mala et al.) and at how demographic forecasts can be improved in predicting migration changes (Wilson). These different topics reflect the diversity of issues at stake in the current international migration systems. They also show how migrants put forth their own strategies to deal with marginalization that include the creation of ‘home’ through gendered memory and narrative sharing (Zulueta), the articulation of co-development in the growing diasporization of communities (Tigau et al.), and gender and youth dynamics in internal migrations (Todd et al.).
Diaspora policies and co-development: A Comparison between India, China and Mexico
Authors: Tigau Camelia , Pande Amba , Yuan Yan
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses the concept of co-development as related to diaspora diplomacy and its implications for public policies for skilled migration in the countries of origin. We consider the cases of two Asian countries – India and China - that stimulate migration as a way to relieve the lack of jobs and skilled population surplus, but which also have strong policies of networking and return. The case of Mexico is different since it is a country with less tradition in diaspora programs and Mexican expats tend to be more politically and culturally active than economically involved. In the three cases studied we find different problems relating to diaspora programs in accordance with their historical progress, such as poor results due to the lack of financial resources, inadequate institutional background or weak diaspora organization.
Determinants of migration and the gravity model of migration – application on Western Balkan emigration flows
Authors: Malaj Visar , De Rubertis Stefano
Published: December 2018

The main objective of this work is the investigation of the determinants of emigration from the Western Balkans through the well-known gravity theory. We include in the gravity equation three original regressors, associated with typical concerns for the Western Balkans: standard of living, unemployment and corruption. Diagnostic tests indicate a good fit of the estimated model to data. Authorities and policymakers of both developing and developed countries should definitely change the approach in dealing with the phenomenon of migration.  They should implement drastic reforms and concrete measures in order to minimize the number of individuals who leave their country for economic and social reasons.
Eliciting salient beliefs of engineers in Malaysia on migrating abroad
Authors: Ramoo Balu , Lee Chong Yee , Yu Cheng Ming
Published: December 2018

Despite various government efforts incorporating economic, social and political considerations in curbing emigration problem, brain drain remains an issue in Malaysia. This paper examines the determinants of migration from behavioural perspectives. Using Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model, the engineers’ salient beliefs on migrating abroad were elicited using qualitative analysis. A number of new behavioural, normative and control beliefs were identified. The elicitation of the engineers’ salient beliefs is essential in developing appropriate behavioural intervention programmes to reduce their intention to migrate abroad. The methodology developed in this study can also assist future researchers to identify the salient beliefs of people who have high intention to migrate abroad.
Explaining the labor market gaps between immigrants and natives in the OECD
Authors: Bergh Andreas
Published: December 2018

In most OECD-countries immigrants have lower employment and higher unemployment than natives. The gap in labor market outcomes is larger in countries with more immigrant friendly attitudes. This paper suggests that in countries where labor market institutions are less competitive, native workers face less direct wage competition from immigration. As a result, the general population is more immigrant-friendly and income inequality is dampened. On the other hand, employment among immigrants suffers, thwarting the potential economic benefits from immigration. Empirical analysis of 19–28 OECD countries using Bayesian model averaging to cope with the model selection problem, provide support for the relevance of labor market institutions against other plausible explanations of immigrant labor market outcomes. In particular, the unemployment gap is bigger in countries where collective bargaining agreements cover a larger share of the labor market.
Memory, nostalgia and the creation of “home”: a returnee woman’s journey
Authors: Zulueta Johanna
Published: December 2018

Migrants return “home” for various reasons that may not be necessarily linked to economic factors but rather to notions of identity and belongingness – “home is where the heart is” as that popular adage states. But when the “home” was once ravaged by war and conflict, how does one’s memory of years past define a returnee’s identity, when he/she returns at an advanced age? This paper looks at how older women migrants create their notions of “home” in relation to memory and nostalgia, as well as gender, by looking at a particular case of an elderly woman who returned to her place of birth, after spending several decades in her husband’s country.
President Trump and US Migration after 100 Days
Authors: Martin Philip L.
Published: December 2018

President Trump issued four executive orders dealing with immigration since taking office January 20, 2017, setting in motion plans to build a wall on the 2,000 mile Mexico-US border, increase deportations, reduce refugee admissions, and protect US workers. These executive orders signaled a new era in migration policy that emphasize enforcement against unauthorized foreigners and protections for US workers, but their major effect so far is a changed tone in migration policy, from welcoming newcomers from around the world to the US being perceived as a country where natives fear immigrants and immigrants live in fear.
Temporary international mobility, Family Timing, Dual Career and family democracy. A case of Swedish medical professionals
Authors: Wolanik Boström Katarzyna , Öhlander Magnus , Pettersson Helena
Published: December 2018

The article, based on 43 narrative interviews with Swedish physicians and molecular biologists, discusses family timing and family management as crucial factors in temporary international mobility of highly skilled professionals. In the narratives, the family often created a kind of inertia and complication for a prolonged period of working abroad. The interviewees’ dreams and wishes had to be negotiated with a partner pursuing his/her own career, as well as the rest of the family, and there were also a lot of logistics and practicalities to take care of. However, mobility was also regarded as an amazing opportunity for the whole family to be together and to learn about new cultural and social contexts. In several narratives, the temporary and thus “parenthetic” living abroad influenced the otherwise cherished ideals of dual careers, equal gender contract and a respectful parenthood.
Femininities and masculinities in highly skilled migration: Peruvian graduates’ narratives of employment transitions and binational marriages in Switzerland
Authors: Seminario Romina
Published: December 2018

Biographic research about migrant’s gender identities grasps tendencies of normativity change chronologically and transnationally. Transition to employment stories of Peruvian graduates from Swiss universities evoke continuities and changes in femininities and masculinities from Peru to Switzerland. Binational marriages that mediate employment transition after graduation play an ambivalent role in the attainment of jobs commensurate to skills. Career, partner, and care are key elements of transgressing and reinforcing non/hegemonic masculinities and un/desirable femininities from super scientist women to failing male breadwinners. Feminization of highly skilled migration from Peru is linked to urban middle classes where femininities are increasingly based on career advancement. However, these professional-oriented femininities might be neutralized in favour of care-oriented femininities from family models in Switzerland. While Peruvian female graduates constructed an ideal of care/career integration predominantly, male counterparts emphasized the risk of career success at the expense of partnership.
The role of family relationships in migration decisions: a reconstruction based on implicit starting points in migrants’ justifications
Authors: Greco Sara
Published: December 2018

This article integrates the discourse analytical approach of Argumentation theory in the study of international migration, with the aim to study the role of family relationships in migration decisions for international migrants. Argumentation theory studies dialogical exchanges in which participants give reasons to justify their standpoints. In this perspective, interviews with migrants are considered as dialogical exchanges, in which migrants provide accounts of their crucial migration decisions by giving justificatory reasons. By reconstructing these reasons, implicit starting points emerge, in particular endoxa, i.e. participants’ personal values and beliefs that are at the basis of their decisions. The reconstruction of implicit endoxa allows a nuanced access to the role of family relationships within migrants’ accounts of their decisions.
Family, Boundaries and Transformation. The International Mobility of Professionals and Their Families
Authors: Cangia' Flavia , Levitan Déborah , Zittoun Tania
Published: December 2018

Two dominant images of migrant professionals, also known as “expats”, have long been common, in the social sciences: on the one hand, they were described as super-mobile individuals, who easily move between places with no time frame in mind, with the openness to engage with diversity; on the other hand, more recent studies challenged the idea of “expat” cosmopolitanism, and investigated the boundaries constituted by these people in the course of their everyday life. The present paper brings to the fore the complexity of these individuals’ and their families’ experiences of international mobility from a combined socio-cultural psychological and sociological perspective. We draw on qualitative research conducted in Switzerland in order to reflect on the role of family in the way these people make sense of diversity across time and space, make and un-make symbolic boundaries between themselves and others, and understand their own and their familiars' transformation.
The Migration-Crime Nexus and the Press in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Caviedes Alexander A
Published: December 2018

This article explores the link between migrants and crime as portrayed in the European press. Examining conservative newspapers from France, Germany, and the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2016, the study situates the press coverage in each individual country within a comparative perspective that contrasts the frequency of the crime narrative to that of other prominent narratives, as well as to that in the other countries. The article also charts the prevalence of this narrative over time, followed by a discussion of which particular aspects of crime are most commonly referenced in each country. The findings suggest that while there has been no steady increase in the coverage of crime and migration, the press securitizes migration by focusing on crime through a shared emphasis on human trafficking and the non-European background of the perpetrators. However, other frames advanced in these newspapers, such as fraud or organized crime, comprise nationally distinctive characteristics.
Arresting Immigrants: Unemployment and Immigration Enforcement
Authors: Joyner Kara
Published: December 2018

This study provides an examination of immigrant arrests involving two different agencies of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS): The Border Patrol (BP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Descriptive time series analyses track yearly changes in immigrant arrests in the decade following the September 11 terrorist attacks (2002-2013). For many DHS jurisdictions, changes in the rates of immigrant arrest closely mirrored changes in the rates of unemployment. First-difference regression models pooling yearly data for the ICE jurisdictions demonstrate that the associations between changes in unemployment rates and changes in immigrant arrest rates were positive and significant.
“Felons, not Families”: Criminalized illegality, stigma, and membership of deported “criminal aliens”
Authors: Sarabia Heidy
Published: December 2018

Since the 1990s, U.S. immigration enforcement has focused on detaining and deporting unauthorized migrants labeled as “criminal aliens,” most of whom (about three-fourths) are Mexican nationals. Yet, little data exist on this population of migrants. Using a transnational lens, and drawing from analysis of government and media, as well as participant observation data collected along the border, this article shows the consequences of the stigmatization and integration of those migrants deported as “criminal aliens,” in both Mexico and the U.S.  While the framing of illegality has dominated the literature on unauthorized migrants in the U.S., I argue that the focus on deporting “criminal aliens” marks a shift from “illegalization” to the “criminalization” of immigration enforcement in the U.S. In particular, I highlight how the focus on deporting migrants as “criminal aliens” results in the criminalization of their illegality; that is, Latino non-citizens who are deported become criminalized perpetual outlaws because the label “criminal aliens” is legally permanent, with severe consequences for their identity and membership in both Mexico and the U.S.
Approaching Migration: The Dynamic Nature of Human Mobility
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey H.
Published: December 2018

Migration is a dynamic process, difficult to frame and even harder to predict.  Unlike other key events (most specifically death), migration follows uncertain pathways and reflects securities and insecurities that tend to play out across diverse social landscapes and include movers, non-movers as well as  households and communities.  Nevertheless, as the articles in this volume of Migration Letters reveal we continue to explore migration and its history; model decision-making and the challenges that movers face as they select new pathways; and explore as well as predict outcomes of remittance practices, policymaking and status. The articles in this issue and throughout our journal are often focused on what Tomas Faist (and others) call the crucial meso-level (Faist 1997).  This is the space where the decisions of individuals encounter and engage the household and other movers as well as non-movers, the community and the state.   The encounters and engagements that occur at the meso-level remind us that migration is not a simple decision, made by an independent actor. Rather, the decisions to move—whether as a migrant or refugee; whether across an international border or across a town—are complex and include many different voices, challenges and trials.
Investment Expenditure Behavior of Remittance Receiving Households: An Analysis Using Reserve Bank of India Data
Authors: Basu Bharati , Rajan Irudaya
Published: December 2018

Although it is the world’s largest recipient of remittances, India lacks information about the investment behavior of its remittance receiving households. Using data from Reserve Bank of India and the Tobit analysis, this paper examines how remittances, different household and migrant characteristics have affected both the propensity to invest and the amount of investment by the remittance receiving households. The findings have significant implications for policy purposes. For example, government programs can create incentives for older migrants to have more remittance transfers. Remittance money used for children’s education could be matched to create robust flow of educational investments.
From Irregular Stay to Removal through Detention: The Case of Spain as a Member State of the European Union
Authors: Bermejo Rut
Published: December 2018

The fight against human smuggling and irregular migration is a worldwide priority. Removal of persons irregularly living in a European country is said to be an instrument to deter irregular migration. In this context, detention to secure removal of those who enter or stay irregularly is proclaimed to be an effective instrument in European policies. However, in the case of Spain, data collected and in-depth interviews show that detention of irregular/smuggled immigrants has a minor effect on the number of removals fulfilled. Thus, the idea that detention can work not only to increase return effectiveness but also as a deterrence measures seems to be unreal.
Religion and Mental Health among Central Asian Muslim Immigrants in Chicago Metropolitan Area
Authors: Zotova Natalia
Published: December 2018

Migration creates opportunities but also bring challenges that cause stress and affect mental health of migrants. Stress among Muslim immigrants can be intensified by experiences of discrimination. This study addressed the meaning and role of religion as a mediator of stress and mental health among Central Asian Muslim immigrants. This paper explored whether religious coping worked for recent Muslim immigrants in the US, and how religion buffered migration and discrimination-related stress that negatively affected mental health of Central Asian immigrants. Drawing from different types of ethnographic and biological data, collected in Chicago Metropolitan Area, this study explored culturally embedded stress responses, and tested the religious coping framework upon experiences of a new minority group of Muslim immigrants in the US, expanding our knowledge on factors that inform health outcomes of immigrant population.
Credit constraints and Rural Migration: Evidence from Six Villages in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Ruchi
Published: December 2018

Rural economies in developing countries are often characterized by credit constraints. Although few attempts have been made to understand the trends and patterns of male out-migration from Uttar Pradesh (UP), there is dearth of literature on the linkage between credit accessibility and male migration in rural Uttar Pradesh. The present study tries to fill this gap. The objective of this study is to assess the role of credit accessibility in determining rural male migration. A primary survey of 370 households was conducted in six villages of Jaunpur district in Uttar Pradesh. Simple statistical tools and a binary logistic regression model were used for analyzing the data. The result of the empirical analysis shows that various sources of credit and accessibility to them play a very important role in male migration in rural Uttar Pradesh. The study also found that the relationship between credit constraints and migration varies across various social groups in UP.
21st Century Slowdown: The Historic Nature of Recent Declines in the Growth of the Immigrant Population in the United States
Authors: Norlander Peter , Sørensen Todd A
Published: December 2018

We document that the slowdown in the growth of the immigrant population in the United States since 2000 is the largest observed using Census data since 1870. Non-parametric tests reveal that the sharp decline is similar in magnitude to changes in migration growth rates that followed the two major historical regime changes in U.S. immigration policy. Migration rates are slowing across nearly all age, sex, educational and country of origin categories that we examine. We find that the stock of adult migrants under age 30 is smaller in 2015 than in 2000, a potential precursor to a declining overall stock, as was seen around the introduction of the national quotas regime in 1920. Heterogenous changes have led to slower declines for men than women, and an increase in the relative scarcity of low-skilled labor. Approximately half of the overall decline is due to falling Mexican immigration.
Employment of Return Migrants in Turkey: Evidence from the Labour Force Survey
Authors: Yetkin Aker Deniz , Görmüş Ayhan
Published: December 2018

Based on Labour Force Survey data conducted by Turkish Statistical Institute, this study aims at discussing economic integration of return migrants in general and determining whether there are significant differences between return migrants and non-migrants in terms of the effects of demographic factors and work-status nominators on their employment. The study argues that the returnees face far more employment challenges compared to non-migrants. The results of the study suggest that holding a university or postgraduate degree facilitates the employment of returnees to a certain degree. However, lower levels of educational attainment, employment lacking social security and micro-sized establishments pose several challenges.
Highly Skilled or Highly Wanted Migrants? Conceptualizations, Policy Designs and Implementations of High-skilled Migration Policies
Authors: Hercog Metka , Sandoz Laure
Published: December 2018

This special issue offers an opportunity to delve into the construction of migrant categories through policy design and policy implementation. It proposes to widen the focus beyond immigration authorities in order to include actors that are in one or another way involved in the process of selecting, supporting or employing highly skilled workers and therefore also contributing to their definition. The aim of the special issue is to bring to the surface the indistinct objectives of immigration policies, and to analyse the interplay between policies, discourses and practices. More precisely, we discuss the argument that the definition of highly skilled migrants depends more on how potential migrants are viewed by interest groups than on migrants’ characteristics.
Policy and experiences of professional integration of young immigrants in the Walloon region (Belgium)
Authors: Manco Altay
Published: December 2018

This paper aims to identify obstacles to integration of young foreigners in the Walloon region and more generally in Belgium as a whole while presenting in a critical manner the actions undertaken by the local and/or regional actors and the public policies aimed at overcoming these obstacles. Since the 1960s, North Africans, Turkish and Sub-Saharan immigrants and their families have constituted the major component of non-European inflows into Belgium. It has been proved that youths of immigrant descent, in the absence of positive parental role models, often experience difficulties in breaking into the work arena. General initiatives that address the entire population groups experiencing difficulty with employment are inadequate as far as the social integration of foreigners is concerned. In order to go beyond local pilot initiatives and the experimental phase, the Walloon Region has set up integration policy measures for foreigners in the framework of the Centres régionaux d'intégration (CRI) , created under the Decree of 4th July 1996. The action of professional social integration handled by the CRI gives an impression of vagueness in the accomplishment of its role: frontline or rearguard, socio-professional or general integration, local or "trans-regional work".
Bright City Lights and Slums of Dhaka city: Determinants of rural-urban migration in Bangladesh
Authors: ULLAH AKM Ahsan
Published: December 2018

This paper explores the factors contributing to the migration process in Bangladesh. 197 randomly selected migrants and their families were interviewed at both destination and source locations using closed and open-ended questionnaires. The resulting data provided descriptive and analytical statistics. Data analysis reveals that the flow of migration to the major cities in Bangladesh is the result of rural - urban dichotomies in income, employment opportunity and absorptive capacity. A significantly higher percentage of migrants live in slums as compared to other places (P<0.003). Regression analysis shows that migration is influenced by both “push” and “pull” factors, such as the search for work, landlessness, extreme poverty, loss of income,, easy access to informal sectors in cities, and joining families or relatives. A factor analysis showed similar determinants. Reducing disparities between rural and urban areas should receive urgent attention to stabilise the migration process in Bangladesh
Re-traumatisation, fear and suicidal thinking: a case study of ‘boatpeople’ from Australia
Authors: PROCTER Nicholas G.
Published: December 2018

Ninety percent of “boatpeople” who make it toAustralia’s migration zone are assessed as legitimate refugees and given Temporary Protection Visas (TPV) allowing them to stay inAustraliafor three years in the first instance. The aim of this paper is to pinpoint aspects of re-traumatisation, fear mistrust as stressors for one individual living on a TPV.  This paper identifies how discrete elements in the recent and distant past interact with the present forming a re-traumatising environment with ongoing psychosocial stressors and changes in mental distress.  The paper is based upon extensive ethnographic fieldwork with people released from Australian Immigration Detention facilities.
Kinship, Gender & Migration from a Rural Caribbean Community
Authors: Quinlan Robert J.
Published: December 2018

Emigration from developing countries may be influenced by kinship, which has different effects on men and women. A strong family at home may inhibit migration, and kin living abroad may encourage it. This study examines effects of kin on odds of migration for men (N=200) and women (N=220) from a rural community in the Commonwealth of Dominica. Multiple logistic regression showed that women were more likely than men to migrate. Number of matrilateral kin in the community was associated with women's migration but not with men's. Maternal grandmothers resident in the community were associated with decreased odds that women migrate.
The Mental Health Implications of Britain's Conservative Party Immigration Plan
Authors: Procter Nicholas G.
Published: December 2018

This paper examines mental health issues surrounding Tory Party plans to radically change Britains' immigration laws making the processes attendant upon seeking asylum tougher for those who try. By looking beyond taken-forgranted assumptions associated with refugees and asylum seeking, a number of questions emerge from the Tory Party Plans. The mental health implications of the Tory Party plan for mandatory detention and processing according to quota rather than need are that individual suffering of asylum seekers is likely to be detrimental to individual mental health and well-being.
Why people migrated to the countryside in Finland in the 1990s?
Authors: Pehkonen Aini
Published: December 2018

This paper aims at describing why people migrated to the countryside in Finland in the 1990s and how their in-migration processes succeeded. It contains a summary of the results from my doctoral thesis (Pehkonen, 2004). Motives relating to home and residential environment triggered migration to the countryside: building/buying a one-family house and relation to nature as well as changes in economic situation: unemployment and over indebtedness. Voluntary migration to the countryside, living in a one-family house, economic security and good relations with neighbours guaranteed that the migrants were satisfied with the village where they lived. Positive reputation of migrants, easy interaction and participation in village life contributed to gaining a positive position in the village community.
A Refugee Burden Index: methodology and its application
Authors: Czaika Mathias
Published: December 2018

Many developing as well as developed countries provide temporary asylum to a large population of refugees and most of these host countries proclaim to be over-burdened. The effective burden a country has to shoulder is difficult to determine because it basically requests more to consider than just the absolute number of hosted refugees. This paper provides a methodology that makes refugee burdens more comparable on a cross-country basis. Taking into account different aspects of a host country’s capacity we provide a Refugee Burden Index that is based on proxy indicators representing the economic, socio-demographic, and politico-institutional environment. This methodology is applied on a sample of 174 countries revealing the extent of a globally and regionally highly unequal refugee burden-sharing pattern.
Good cities, good practices: systematization of a theoretical and methodological framework for local actions designed to combat religious discrimination
Authors: Manco Altay
Published: December 2018

The Muslim population of Western Europe composed of atleast 13 million individuals, brings together primarily peopleresulting from working class immigrants from the secondhalf of the twentieth century. Its roots are found deep in theTurkish countryside, in the Balkans and, of course, in the oldcolonies: the countries of the Maghreb, the Indo-Pakistanisub-continent, the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa andSoutheast Asia. There exists moreover, relatively low butgrowing numbers, of converts of European extraction. Thispaper presents the theoritical and methodological approachof whole of the project "Faiths and Social cohesion".
Local actions: Out of the cellar and into the landscape park Challenges around relocalization of a mosque in Roubaix
Authors: Marongiu-Perria Omero
Published: December 2018

The objective of the initiative launched in Roubaix within theframework of the network entitled “Faiths and Social cohesion”,aims to study the way in which the local governments manage religious diversity and in particular their links with the Muslim presence and its mosques. The method adopted, in agreement with the coordination of the network supported by the European Union, was to have only one case study, i.e. a municipality with a significant Muslim population and the presence of one or several mosques, to study transactions of various types between religious communities and local institutions, as well as to experiment with a role of facilitation in the framework of these relations.
Receiving and institutionalising Islam at the municipal level: the case of the Turkish com-munity of Schaerbeek
Authors: Manço Ural
Published: December 2018

In theBrusselsregion, the case ofSchaerbeekwas particularly exemplary in this context between 1970 and 1994. Within the framework of the project “Faiths and Social cohesion” (2001-2004), this community was observed. We therefore propose a closer look at the relations between the Muslims and the Schaerbeek Municipalityby focusing on the history of the Turkish community that is resident in this locality.The setting up and the progress of the Fatih mosque will be the objective here.
Muslims and Social Participation in Rome
Authors: Candia Giuliana
Published: December 2018

The European ³Faiths and Social Cohesion² project was conducted inItalyby the Parsec association. The question of Islam in this country has just begun to be considered (Candia, 2004) and the establishment of this religion is still rarely being considered at a local level and in a way that would allow the specific characteristics and qualitative aspects to be understood, and in particular, the actions aimed at eliminating the religious discrimination towards Muslims. Here's the case of social participation of Muslim immigrants in several neigborhoods of Roma.
Ostracism, Tolerance or Recognition: Muslims in Europe
Authors: Helly Denise , Cesari Jocelyne
Published: December 2018

In the case of present day Muslims, one can note that discrimination is both direct and indirect and that it often comes from public institutions. This is the sign of a very tense general climate and of an inability or a refusal on the part of the political bodies to cancel these tensions.
Haciendo de Tripas el Corazón/Plucking Up Courage: Migration, Family Internal Conflict, and Gender in Veronica’s Story
Authors: Dick Hilary Parsons
Published: December 2018

This article considers how migrants conceptualize and negotiate the emotional conflicts that accompany decisions to migrate. Such conflicts are a regular feature of migrants’ experience, informing how they understand the act of and reasons for migrating. The article focuses on the life of one migrant: a woman I call “Veronica,” whom I met during research on migration between Uriangato, Guanajuato, Mexico and Chester County, Pennsylvania. I argue that the analysis of discourse offers a particularly illuminating window into how migrants conceptualize and negotiate emotional conflicts. I place this discussion in dialogue with the literature on family internal conflict and gender in migration.
Where do they go? “A day without a Mexican,” a perspective from south of the border
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey H.
Published: December 2018

The author uses the film “A day without a Mexican” to explore Mexican-US migration and to examine current US policy on immigration and in particular, US attitudes toward undocumented Mexican migrant workers.
Book Review
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Embracing the infidel: Stories of Muslim mi-grants on the journey West Yaghmaian, Behzad (2005) Random House, Delacorte Press, New York, 350p. (ISBN 0 553 80393 X)
Socio-Economic Characteristics of Immigrants in Western Greece Region: Urban – Rural Continuum or Divide?
Authors: Iosifides Theodoros , Kizos Thanasis , Petracou Elektra , Malliotaki Ekaterini , Katsimantou Konstantina , Sarri Elena
Published: December 2018

This paper aims at an investigation of factors of differentiation of basic social and economic characteristics of foreign immigrants in the Region of Western Greece. The paper explores whether the thesis of urban-rural divide is relevant for the differentiation of immigrants’ socio-economic characteristics in a typical Region of Greece, where there is a strong interplay between major urban centers and large rural areas. Findings show that spatial factors play a very limited role in the differentiation of socio-economic characteristics of immigrants and indicate that other factors are more important. Thus, and as regards socio-economic characteristics of immigrants, the overall picture is that of urban-rural continuum rather than divide.
Women’s Cityward Migration, Domestic Service and Schooling in Southern Mexico
Authors: Howell Jayne
Published: December 2018

That 40,000 women work as household workers in Oaxaca City (population 450,000) is deemed “very high for a country as developed as Mexico” (Selby, Murphy and Lorenzon 1991:48; INEGI 2001).  Ethnographic data collected among women currently and at one time working as either full-time or daily/hourly domestic workers shed light on the realities faced by unskilled women cityward migrants who find employment in the lowest paid, least prestigious jobs in the urban economy.  Two case studies are presented to illustrate ways that women's paid household labor can finance their own or their children's acquisition of the schooling requisite for more gainful, higher paid forms of urban formal sector employment.
Refugee Policy is a Realist’s Nightmare: The Case of Southeast Asia
Authors: Lee Chen Chen
Published: December 2018

Although Southeast Asia has experienced one of history’s most complex and massive displacement of populations during the Indo-China crisis, it remains one of the least advanced regions in terms of refugee law and practice. This paper explains the region's compassion fatigue towards refugees. States’ responses to refugee protection are limited by a prevailing sense of sovereign rights and communalism in the region, and the primordial need to safeguard national interest and state security. Other factors include lessons from the Indo-Chinese exodus, the underdevelopment of some economies, and a general poor record of human rights in the region.
Philippine labour migration to Taiwan: Social, political, demographic, and economic dimensions
Authors: Sills Stephen J.
Published: December 2018

The Philippines has become one of today’s leading exporters of migrants. This migration flow largely results from internal demographic and economic pressures, but has also been brought about by the policy decisions of the Philippine government which sees potential relief from remittances and reduction of unemployment. The continued cycling of labour migrants for more than 30 years has resulted in a “culture” of migration. Destinations for temporary labour migrants are influenced as well by demographic determinants such as low birth rates in the destination country, leading to a need for labourers, and high birth rates in the sending country, leading to surplus labourers.
A maid in servitude: Filipino domestic workers in the Middle East
Authors: Nadeau Kathleen
Published: December 2018

This paper presents Filipino economic history as a way to provide a brief background to the events that precipitated one Filipino woman’s migration to the Middle East. Her story is not rare but shares in common patterns with the stories of many other female contract workers, especially domestic workers. It chronicles government policies and business practices that profit from their remittances. It is being retold here so that the invisible world of female contract workers and, more often than not, the poor conditions under which they live and labour, might be better understood.
SURVEY/DATA: Regularization programs for undocumented migrants
Authors: Sunderhaus Sebastian
Published: December 2018

This paper is a summary of a study that describes and analyzes the features and outcomes of regularization programs (also referred to as amnesty or legalization) for undocumented migrants in 16 countries distributed among all continents. It gives a general survey on reasons and expectations of governments conducting regularization drives, the different forms that the programs have taken, features and eligibility requirements most frequently used as well as a summary of the implementation and problems associated with this policy tool. The paper also tries to answer how governments might deal with the undocumented flow of people tomorrow. A country comparison table (53 pages) in the annex contains data on more than 60 regularization programs considered in this study.
Book Reviews
Authors: Forlot Gilles , Kaya Ayhan , Gerstnerova Andrea , Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Centering the Margin, Agency and Narrative in Southeast Asian Borderlands - Alexander Horstmann and Reed L. Wadley (eds.) (2006) Berghahn Books, New York, Oxford, (ISBN 1-84545-019-1, hardcover)S. AKGÖNÜL, Religions de Turquie, religions des Turcs. Nouveaux acteurs dans l’Europe élargie, Paris, Turin, Budapest, L’Harmattan, coll. «Compétences interculturelles», 2005, 193 p. ISBN : 2-7475-9489-0J. GATUGU, S. AMORANITIS et A. MANÇO (éds), La vie associative des migrants: quelles (re)connaissances ? Réponses européennes et canadiennes, Paris, Turin, Budapest, L’Harmattan, coll. « Compétences interculturelles », 2004, 280 p. ISBN : 2-7475-7053-3U. MANÇO (ed.), Reconnaissance et discrimination: présence de l’islam en Europe occidentale et en Amérique du Nord, Paris, Turin, Budapest, L’Harmattan, coll. « Compétences interculturelles », 2004, 371 p. ISBN : 2-7475-6851-2 Ch.PARTHOENS et A. MANÇO, De Zola à Atatürk: un « village musulman » en Wallonie. Cheratte-Visé, Paris, Turin, Budapest, L’Harmattan, coll. « Compétences interculturelles », 2005, 174 p. ISBN : 2-7475-8036-9L. MULLER et S. de TAPIA (éds), Un dynamisme venu d’ailleurs: la création d’entreprises par les immigrés, Paris, Turin, Budapest, L’Harmattan, coll. « Compétences interculturelles », 2005, 311 p. ISBN : 2-7475-8569-7A. ELIA, Réseaux ethnocommunautaires des Foulbé en Italie. Recherche de visibilité, logiques associatives et stratégies migratoires, Paris, Turin, Budapest, L’Harmattan, coll. « Compétences interculturelles », 2006, 115 p. ISBN : 2-296-00398-2The French in the United States, an Ethnographic Study - Jacqueline Lindenfeld (2000) Bergin and Garvey, Wesport/London, (ISBN 0-89789-903-2, paperback)What Happens When a Diverse Society is Diverse: Exploring Multidimensional Identities - Hakan G. Sıcakkan and Yngve G. Lithman (eds.) (2006) Lewiston: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2006, 252 pages, (ISBN 978-0-7734-5877-2, hardcover)
Editorial: Migration and Human Security in the Balkans
Authors: Papadopoulos Apostolos
Published: December 2018

Over the past decades, migration flows worldwide and particularly Europe-wide have been growing considerably. Since the 1970s there is a move towards restricting migratory flows coupled with continued migration pressures which led to an increase of immigrants who are considered unwanted or bogus. This caused internal inconsistencies in older destination countries which questioned the presence of immigrants already resident in them, but also inaugurated a contradiction due to the continuation of immigration flows (Geddes, 2003).
Demography and Migration as Human Security Factors: the Case of South Eastern Europe
Authors: Tragaki Alexandra
Published: December 2018

Demographic dynamics and population movements have important ramifications for human security and pose new challenges both for public policy and for international relations. The aim of this paper is to offer an overview of the possible linkages between migration and demography on one hand and human security on the other, focusing on the case of South Eastern Europe. Though the theoretical framework is not as yet fully elaborated, the growing volume of relevant literature reflects a fast-growing interest in the political and international implications of demographic phenomena.
Migration Management in Albania Mapping and Evaluating Outside Intervention
Authors: Geiger Martin
Published: December 2018

Unwanted migratory flows from Albania serve as a justification for external interventions aimed at regulating migration ‘from within’. Over the last years the exertions of a number of international organizations have led to a situation of deadlock. Overriding vested interests seem to block a national ownership: Albanian government is not yet empowered to assume full control over its migration policy. While remaining in anxiety for new emigration waves, the international stakeholders share a general mistrust in local institutions to regulate migration in an effective manner.
Political Self-Understanding, Cultural Openness and Public Attitudes Towards Immigrants in Western Greece
Authors: Iosifides Theodoros , Kizos Thanasis
Published: December 2018

The aim of this article is to present research findings from a study of public attitudes towards immigrants in the region of Western Greece (the vast majority of them from Balkan countries). Positive and negative attitudes towards immigrants in the region are correlated with political self-understanding (across the left-right spectrum) and cultural openness as reflected in attitudes towards different languages and religions and towards intercultural communication between immigrants and locals. The findings suggest that the degree of cultural openness is indeed related to the orientation of general public attitudes towards immigrants and that political self-understanding across the left-right spectrum remains relevant for explaining these attitudes. The study nevertheless found that there is only limited willingness to develop close social relationships with Balkan immigrants and that the degree of such willingness is not significantly correlated either with cultural openness or with political self-understanding.
Migrant and non-migrant fertility in Greece: Results based on the 2001 population census
Authors: Verropoulou Georgia , Bagavos Christos , Tsimbos Cleon
Published: December 2018

This paper examines fertility patterns and differentials between migrant and non-migrant women in Greece using data from the 2001 census on the reported numbers of children ever-born alive by citizenship. Special tabulations produced by the National Statistical Service of Greece are analysed and presented here. The analysis focuses on Greek, Albanian and Bulgarian women born over 1950-1970. Noticeable differences are observed. Despite the fact that Bulgarian women tend to have their first births earlier, their fertility levels are the lowest. Albanian women exhibit the highest fertility while levels for native women are somewhere in between. Nevertheless, the gap observed among the ethnic groups tends, broadly, to narrow over successive cohorts.
VIEWPOINT Transnationalisation and Development(s): Towards a North-South Perspective
Authors: Faist Thomas
Published: December 2018

Public debates and research on the two-way relationship between migration and development has increased considerably over the past years. I argue that the current debates around the migration and development nexus should be approached from a transnational angle that is, looking at the emergence of a new transnational agent in development discourse – intermittently called “migrants”, “diaspora”, or “transnational community”. National states, local governments, inter- and supranational organisations and development agencies seek to co-opt and establish ties to mobile agents who are engaged in sustained and continuous cross-border relationships on a personal, collective and organisational level. Also, and this is crucial for any kind of scientific endeavour, the emergence of this new type of development agent can be tackled by a decidedly transnational methodology.