bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-Inoculation of Latilactobacillus sakei with Pichia kluyveri or Saccharomyces boulardii Improves Flavour Compound Profiles of Salt-Free Fermented Wheat Gluten
Authors: Chen Shuoyu , Zhang Fanxin , Ananta Edwin , Muller Jeroen André , Liang Youyun , Lee Yuan Kun , Liu Shao-Quan
Published: January 2024

A wheat gluten fermentation process with the inoculation of different microorganisms under salt-free conditions has the potential to produce varying flavour profiles. As research on the co-fermentation of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in salt-free wheat gluten fermentation is scarce, the current work studied the flavour impact on fermented wheat gluten by the co-inoculation of Latilactobacillus sakei with one yeast (Saccharomyces boulardii or Pichia kluyveri). The results showed that similar glucose and organic acid levels were detected, but early death of yeasts was observed during liquid-state fermentation (LSF) in co-fermentations. The concentrations of most free amino acids were comparable. Volatile compound analysis showed synergistic effects in co-cultured fermentations on the production of certain compounds such as isoamyl acetate. Principal component analysis revealed clear differences in volatile profiles between co-fermentation and single-strain fermentation. Therefore, a fermented sauce produced by co-inoculating LAB and yeast with a new and fruitier flavour was developed.
Extraction and Chemical Composition Analyses of Intracellular and Extracellular Polysaccharides from Trametes lactinea Liquid Fermentation
Authors: Liu Yijun , Shen Lu , Yang Mei , Yang Kaitai , Cheng Fei
Published: January 2024

Trametes lactinea is a macrofungus commonly found on broadleaf tree felling piles with rich bioactivity, and its main active substances are polysaccharides, which have a certain medicinal value. Few studies have been conducted on the simultaneous study of intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of fermented mycelia in liquid culture. In this study, T. lactinea collected from Eucalyptus stumps was subjected to liquid fermentation culturing and the extraction of intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides from the mycelium was optimized using unidirectional and orthogonal test methods. The intracellular and extracellular crude polysaccharides were isolated and purified, and polysaccharide fractions were obtained and assayed for their chemical composition. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) The optimal conditions for the extraction of intracellular polysaccharides from T. lactinea mycelium were a material–liquid ratio of 1:40, an extraction temperature of 100 °C, a time of 5 h, and four repeats, wherein the polysaccharide extraction rate reached 5.1%. The optimal extraction conditions for the extracellular polysaccharides were a concentration ratio of 5:1, a concentration temperature of 70 °C, an ethanol concentration of 100.0%, and an alcohol settling time of 12 h. The polysaccharides could thus be extracted up to 0.63 mg/mL. (2) The intracellular and extracellular crude polysaccharides of T. lactinea mycelium were successfully isolated and purified, resulting in three homogeneous fractions of intracellular polysaccharides (IP-1, IP-2, and IP-3) and two homogeneous fractions of extracellular polysaccharides (EP-1 and EP-2). (3) The polysaccharide chemical composition resulted in the highest total sugar content of EP-1. IP-3 had the highest uronic acid content. The results of the monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the mycelial intracellular polysaccharides IP-1, IP-2, and IP-3 were all highest in glucose. Both IP-2 and IP-3 contained guluronic acid and glucuronic acid. Mannose was the most abundant extracellular polysaccharide in both EP-1 and EP-2. This study provides theoretical and technical bases for the comprehensive development and utilization of T. lactinea polysaccharides.
Mycoremediation of Synthetic Azo Dyes by White-Rot Fungi Grown on Diary Waste: A Step toward Sustainable and Circular Bioeconomy
Authors: Gugel Irene , Summa Daniela , Costa Stefania , Manfredini Stefano , Vertuani Silvia , Marchetti Filippo , Tamburini Elena
Published: January 2024

This study assesses the efficacy of three white-rot fungi—Bjerkandera adusta, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Trametes versicolor—in degrading synthetic dyes and lignin in pulp and paper mill effluents, which annually contribute around 40,000 million cubic meters of dyed waste. Exploiting the structural resemblance of dyes to lignin, the fungi utilize ligninolytic enzymes—lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase—to break down the pollutants. Initial mycoremediation trials in synthetic dye solutions with Direct black 80, Direct yellow 11, Basic brown 1, Orange II, and Red 8 BLP achieved decolorization rates of 70–80% within 7 days, except for Red 8 BLP. Both soluble and insoluble lignin fractions were significantly reduced, with an overall removal rate of 80–90%. Contrary to prior beliefs about the recalcitrance of azo dyes, B. adusta demonstrated substantial biodegradation capabilities, even on non-lignocellulosic substrates, such as dairy waste. The decolorization efficacy varied with dye structure, suggesting that efficiency should not be judged solely on color reduction. Remarkably, B. adusta also effectively decolorized and removed lignin from actual mill effluents without pH alteration, indicating a viable low-cost bioremediation strategy. This invites further investigation into optimizing B. adusta for industrial wastewater biodecolorization, especially in the field of PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) and EDCs (Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals).
Bioaccessibility, Intestinal Absorption and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Curcuminoids Incorporated in Avocado, Sunflower, and Linseed Beeswax Oleogels
Authors: Ramírez-Carrasco Patricia , Alemán Ailén , González Estefanía , Gómez-Guillén M. , Robert Paz , Giménez Begoña
Published: January 2024

Beeswax oleogels (OGs), with a mechanical strength similar to pork backfat, were formulated with avocado (A), sunflower (S), and linseed (L) oils, applying a central composite design plus star point, and were evaluated as oral delivery vehicles of curcuminoids (OGACur, OGSCur, OGLCur). The incorporation of curcumin into the OG matrix significantly delayed both the formation of peroxides and conjugated trienes (K268 values), and the degradation rate of curcumin decreased with the increase of the oil polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content. The oil structuring did not affect the bioaccessibility of curcuminoids (>55% in all the OGs, regardless of the oil type), but it did reduce the release of fatty acids (~10%) during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The intestinal absorption, evaluated in Caco-2 cell monolayers, was higher for the micelle-solubilized curcumin from the digested OG than from unstructured oils, and it showed high anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production compared to the positive control, both before and after the stimulation of ThP-1 cells with LPS. Regardless of the oil type, these beeswax-based OGs with gel-like behavior designed as fat replacers may be promising vehicles for the oral delivery of curcuminoids.
Effect of Conventional Humid–Dry Heating through the Maillard Reaction on Chemical Changes and Enhancement of In Vitro Bioactivities from Soy Protein Isolate Hydrolysate–Yeast Cell Extract Conjugates
Authors: Phongphisutthinant Rewat , Wiriyacharee Pairote , Boonyapranai Kongsak , Ounjaijean Sakaewan , Taya Sirinya , Pitchakarn Pornsiri , Pathomrungsiyounggul Pattavara , Utarat Patamaphorn , Wongwatcharayothin Worachai , Somjai Chalermkwan , Chaipoot Supakit
Published: January 2024

This study investigated the formation of soy protein isolate hydrolysate–yeast cell extract (SPIH-YCE) conjugates through a humid–dry heating process and their impact on bioactivity. The incubation of SPIH-YCE samples at 60 °C and ~75% humidity for varying durations (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days) resulted in a significant decrease in reducing sugars and free amino acids, while the degree of glycation increased by approximately 65.72% after 10 days. SDS-PAGE analysis and size exclusion chromatography revealed the presence of peptides and glycoprotein molecules, with an increase in the distribution of larger peptide size chains. The conjugated SPIH-YCE (10 days) exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity compared to the other samples at different incubation times. A comparative study between SPIH-YCE (day 0) and SPIH-YCE after 10 days of incubation showed significantly higher anti-inflammatory and ACE inhibitory activities for the conjugates subjected to the humid–dry heating process. This suggests that SPIH-YCE conjugates could serve as an alternative substance with the potential to provide health benefits by mitigating or preventing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This research highlights the importance of the Maillard reaction in enhancing bioactivity and offers insights into the alterations of the chemical structure of these conjugates.
Extracts with Nutritional Potential and Their Influence on the Rheological Properties of Dough and Quality Parameters of Bread
Authors: Bojňanská Tatiana , Kolesárová Anna , Čech Matej , Tančinová Dana , Urminská Dana
Published: January 2024

Formulating basic food to improve its nutritional profile is one potential method for food innovation. One option in formulating basic food such as bread is to supplement flours with specified amounts of non-bakery raw materials with high nutritional benefits. In the research presented here, we studied the influence of the addition of curcumin and quercetin extracts in amounts of 2.5% and 5% to wheat flour (2.5:97.5; 5:95). The analysis of the rheological properties of dough was carried out using a Mixolab 2. A Rheofermentometer F4 was used to assess the dough’s fermentation, and a Volscan was used to evaluate the baking trials. The effect of the extracts on the rheological properties of dough was measured and found to be statistically significant, with curcumin shortening both dough development time and dough stability. Doughs made with greater quantities of extract had a greater tendency to early starch retrogradation, which negatively affects the shelf life of the end products. The addition of extracts did not significantly affect either the ability to form gas during fermentation or its retention, which is important because this gas is prerequisite to forming a final product with the required volume and porosity of crumb. Less favourable results were found on sensory evaluation, wherein the trial bread was significantly worse than the control wheat bread. The panel’s decision-making might have been influenced by the atypical colour of the bread made with additives, and in case of a trial bread made with quercetin, by a bitter taste. From the technological point of view, the results confirmed that the composite flours prepared with the addition of extracts of curcumin and quercetin in amounts of 2.5% and 5% can be processed according to standard procedures. The final product will be bread with improved nutritional profile and specific sensory properties, specifically an unconventional and attractive colour.
Mathematical Modeling Approach and Simulation in Food Drying Applications
Authors: Lončar Biljana , Pezo Lato
Published: January 2024

Recent developments in the branch of food drying involve advancements in the development of mathematical models [...]
The Potential of Edible Insects as a Safe, Palatable, and Sustainable Food Source in the European Union
Authors: Conway Ann , Jaiswal Swarna , Jaiswal Amit K.
Published: January 2024

Entomophagy describes the practice of eating insects. Insects are considered extremely nutritious in many countries worldwide. However, there is a lethargic uptake of this practice in Europe where consuming insects and insect-based foodstuffs is often regarded with disgust. Such perceptions and concerns are often due to a lack of exposure to and availability of food-grade insects as a food source and are often driven by neophobia and cultural norms. In recent years, due to accelerating climate change, an urgency to develop alternate safe and sustainable food-sources has emerged. There are currently over 2000 species of insects approved by the World Health Organization as safe to eat and suitable for human consumption. This review article provides an updated overview of the potential of edible insects as a safe, palatable, and sustainable food source. Furthermore, legislation, food safety issues, and the nutritional composition of invertebrates including, but not limited, to crickets (Orthoptera) and mealworms (Coleoptera) are also explored within this review. This article also discusses insect farming methods and the potential upscaling of the industry with regard to future prospects for insects as a sustainable food source. Finally, the topics addressed in this article are areas of potential concern to current and future consumers of edible insects.
The Role of Autochthonous Levilactobacillus brevis B1 Starter Culture in Improving the Technological and Nutritional Quality of Cow’s Milk Acid-Rennet Cheeses—Industrial Model Study
Authors: Sionek Barbara , Okoń Anna , Łepecka Anna , Zielińska Dorota , Jaworska Danuta , Kajak-Siemaszko Katarzyna , Neffe-Skocińska Katarzyna , Trząskowska Monika , Karbowiak Marcelina , Szymański Piotr , Dolatowski Zbigniew J. , Kołożyn-Krajewska Danuta
Published: January 2024

In the study, an attempt was made to develop an innovative technology for cheese manufacturing. It was hypothesized that selected autochthonous lactic acid bacteria as a starter culture are more suitable for the production of acid-rennet cheeses of good technological and sensory quality. The study aimed to assess the possibility of using the strain Levilactobacillus brevis B1 (L. brevis B1) as a starter culture to produce acid-rennet cheeses using raw cow’s milk. Two variants of cheese were manufactured. The control variant (R) was coagulated with microbial rennet and buttermilk, and the other variant (B1) was inoculated with rennet and L. brevis B1 starter culture. The effect of the addition of these autochthonous lactic acid bacteria on selected physicochemical characteristics, durability, the composition of fatty acids, cholesterol, Iipid Quality Indices, and microbiological and sensory quality of acid-rennet cheeses was determined during a 3-month period of storage. The dominant fatty acids observed in the tested cheeses were saturated fatty acids (SFA) (68.43–69.70%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (25.85–26.55%). Significantly higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content during storage was observed for B1 cheeses. The B1 cheeses were characterized by lower cholesterol content compared to cheese R and showed better indexes, including the Index of atherogenicity, Index of thrombogenicity, DFA, OFA, H/H, and HPI indexes, than the R cheese. No effect of the tested L. brevis B1 on sensory quality was observed in relation to the control cheeses during 3 months of storage. The results of the research indicate the possibility of using the L. brevis B1 strain for the production of high-quality, potentially probiotic acid-rennet cheeses.
Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus on the Physicochemical, Microbial, and Flavor Changes of Sauce Meat during Storage
Authors: Ji Lili , Wang Shu , Zhou Yanan , Nie Qing , Zhou Chunyan , Ning Jiawen , Ren Chunping , Tang Chun , Zhang Jiamin
Published: January 2024

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and Kluyveromyces marxianus (K. marxianus) are often used as fermenters in yogurt and alcohol, and have been less studied within meat products. The yeasts were added to sauce meat, and the uninoculated group served as a control in this study to examine and compare the changing patterns of physicochemical and flavor characteristics of S. cerevisiae and K. marxianus on sauce meat during storage. The changes in moisture content, aw, pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and other flavor characteristics were measured in sauce meat during the first, second, fourth, and sixth months after production. The following factors were examined: moisture content, aw, pH, TBARS, peroxide value (POV), acid value (AV), soluble protein (SP), free amino acid (FAA), and volatile flavoring compounds. With VIP > 1 and p < 0.05 as the screening conditions, the partial least squares model (PLS-DA) was used to assess the distinctive flavor components in the sausages. The findings demonstrated that the three groups’ changes in sauce meat were comparable during the first two months of storage but differed significantly between the 4th and 6th months. The moisture content, water activity, and pH of the sauce meat decreased gradually with the storage time; TBARS, AV, and FAA increased significantly; SP decreased significantly from 2.61 to 1.72, while POV increased to 0.03 and then decreased to 0.02. The POV and TBARS values of the yeast-infected meat were substantially lower than those of the control group, and the POV and TBARS values of the meat inoculated with S. cerevisiae were particularly decreased (p < 0.05). The POV and TBARS values of SC (S. cerevisiae group) decreased by 49.09% and 40.15%, respectively, compared to CK (the control group) at the time of storage until June. The experimental group (KM: K. marxianus group) significantly increased the SP and FAA values of the sauce meat (p < 0.05) by 32.4% and 29.84% compared to the CK group, respectively. Esters and olefins as well as alcohols and esters were much greater in meat that had been supplemented with S. cerevisiae and K. marxianus than in meat from the control group. In conclusion, inoculating sauce meat with S. cerevisiae can significantly enhance the quality and flavor of sauce meat while it is being stored.
Diffusion of an Active Particle Bound to a Generalized Elastic Model: Fractional Langevin Equation
Authors: Taloni Alessandro
Published: January 2024

We investigate the influence of a self-propelling, out-of-equilibrium active particle on generalized elastic systems, including flexible and semi-flexible polymers, fluid membranes, and fluctuating interfaces, while accounting for long-ranged hydrodynamic effects. We derive the fractional Langevin equation governing the dynamics of the active particle, as well as that of any other passive particle (or probe) bound to the elastic system. This equation analytically demonstrates how the active particle dynamics is influenced by the interplay of both the non-equilibrium force and of the viscoelastic environment. Our study explores the diffusional behavior emerging for both the active particle and a distant probe. The active particle undergoes three different surprising and counter-intuitive regimes identified by the distinct dynamical time-scales: a pseudo-ballistic initial phase, a drastic decrease in the mobility, and an asymptotic subdiffusive regime.
Enhanced Hemostatic and Procoagulant Efficacy of PEG/ZnO Hydrogels: A Novel Approach in Traumatic Hemorrhage Management
Authors: Zhang Chuyue , Wang Yifan , Xue Yuan , Cheng Junyao , Chi Pengfei , Wang Zhaohan , Li Bo , Yan Taoxu , Wu Bing , Wang Zheng
Published: January 2024

Managing severe bleeding, particularly in soft tissues and visceral injuries, remains a significant challenge in trauma and surgical care. Traditional hemostatic methods often fall short in wet and dynamic environments. This study addresses the critical issue of severe bleeding in soft tissues, proposing an innovative solution using a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogel combined with zinc oxide (ZnO). The developed hydrogel forms a dual-network structure through amide bonds and metal ion chelation, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties and adhesion strength. The hydrogel, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility, is designed to release zinc ions, promoting coagulation and accelerating hemostasis. Comprehensive characterization, including gelation time, rheological properties, microstructure analysis, and swelling behavior, demonstrates the superior performance of the PEG/ZnO hydrogel compared to traditional PEG hydrogels. Mechanical tests confirm increased compression strength and adhesive properties, which are crucial for withstanding tissue dynamics. In vitro assessments reveal excellent biocompatibility and enhanced procoagulant ability attributed to ZnO. Moreover, in vivo experiments using rat liver and tail bleeding models demonstrate the remarkable hemostatic performance of the PEG/ZnO hydrogel, showcasing its potential for acute bleeding treatment in both visceral and peripheral scenarios.
Combustion Enhancement of Gel Propellant Containing High Concentration Aluminum Particles Based on Carbon Synergistic Effect
Authors: Chen Jiyuan , Zhao Hui , Li Weifeng , Liu Haifeng
Published: January 2024

The addition of aluminum particles to gel propellants can improve combustion performance. However, the agglomeration of aluminum during the combustion process can result in a series of negative effects. In this paper, the aluminum agglomeration inhibition method of gel propellant based on carbon synergistic effect is proposed. Carbon particles exhibit excellent combustion properties, and the gaseous product CO2 generated during combustion can mitigate the agglomeration of aluminum. The research demonstrates that incorporating carbon particles into aluminum-containing gel effectively reduces the incomplete combustion of aluminum particles and increases the volumetric calorific value of the gel. When the mass fraction of carbon is 5 wt%, the volume calorific value of the gel reaches the highest. Meanwhile, the rheological experiments show that the addition of carbon particles can improve the shear-thinning properties of the gel, which is beneficial to the atomization and combustion processes of the gel.
Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests and Canadian Genetic Counselors: A Pilot Exploration of Professional Roles in Response to Novel Biotechnologies
Authors: Haley Cassandra E. , Zawati Ma’n H.
Published: January 2024

The role of genetic counselors is evolving in response to health-related direct-to-consumer genetic tests (DTC-GT). While there is consensus in the literature that pre- and post-DTC-GT genetic counseling would benefit consumers, genetic counselors have reservations about DTC-GTs, and there is a paucity of research on providing DTC-GT counseling. This pilot quantitative survey is the first study to examine Canadian genetic counselors’ views on DTC-GTs and how this disruptive biotechnology affects their role, and consumer informed consent and privacy. Canadian genetic counselors are cognizant of the harm to informed consent and privacy associated with DTC-GT, but are hesitant to engage directly, wary of misusing clinical time and resources. However, counselors are open to producing educational materials on DTC-GTs and collaborating with other stakeholders and the DTC-GT industry to support consumers. In this study, practical considerations for DTC-GT counseling sessions are discussed, including the unique needs of DTC-GT patients and the challenges posed by DTC-GTs to the genetic counseling duty to inform. This research benefits genetic counselors and physicians by examining how best to utilize genetic counselors’ skills in the DTC-GT context, to minimize burdens on the healthcare system and support DTC-GT consumers.
Landscape of Constitutional SOX4 Variation in Human Disorders
Authors: Grippa Mina , Graziano Claudio
Published: January 2024

SOX proteins are transcription factors which play a role in regulating the development of progenitor cells and tissue differentiation. Twenty members are known, clustered in eight groups named A through H and sharing a common DNA-binding domain called the HMG (high-mobility-group) box. Eleven of the SOX genes have been associated with genetic disorders so far, covering a broad spectrum of developmental diseases. SOX4 is a single-exon gene and belongs to the SOXC group, together with SOX11 and SOX12. SOX4 variants have been recently described to cause a highly penetrant but heterogeneous disorder, with a phenotypic spectrum ranging from mild developmental delays and learning difficulties to intellectual disabilities with congenital anomalies. Nineteen pathogenic variants have been reported to date, generally de novo, heterozygous, and inactivating, either stop–gain or missense, the latter ones primarily targeting the HMG domain. Further, a bi-allelic variant was reported in a single consanguineous family. Copy number variants leading to whole gene deletion or duplication are rare and not clearly associated with any neurodevelopmental disorder. Many open questions remain regarding the definition of variants of unknown significance, a possible role of missense variants outside the HMG domain, genotype–phenotype correlation, the range of phenotypic spectrum and modifying factors, and treatment options.
Analysis of Geological Multi-Hazards in an Urban District
Authors: Di Salvo Cristina , Ciotoli Giancarlo , Mancini Marco , Nisio Stefania , Stigliano Francesco
Published: January 2024

This work aims to describe, classify, and analyze the occurrence of selected natural multi-hazards, specifically pluvial floods and sinkholes, affecting a district in the urban area of Rome, Italy. The procedure is based on a robust geological, geomorphological, and hydrogeological analysis performed using data collected and archived for the scope. The susceptibility is calculated based on geo-hydrological and geomorphological factors, as well as the occurrence of flooding and sinkholes. The areas prone to each single hazard were combined and put into the context of multi-hazard assessment by overlaying the susceptibility with buildings and population data. The resulting map shows that 50% of buildings (6215 inhabitants) are in an area of multi-hazard susceptibility; among these, 25% are in the highest multi-hazard classes (4 and 5). These areas are named “multi-hazard hotspots” because they are affected by many hazards with associated higher impacts. This study demonstrates that a comprehensive approach that combines the examination of geology, hydrogeology, modifications to historical morphology, and the occurrence of geological disasters is effective for mapping geohazards in urban areas and identifying locations with multiple hazards. A multi-hazard hotspot map can be used as a tool for planning actions aimed at reducing the vulnerability and exposure level of the urban population.
Lean Six Sigma Approach to Improve the Management of Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Scala Arianna , Improta Giovanni
Published: January 2024

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard technique for gallbladder diseases in both emergency and elective surgery. The incidence of the disease related to an increasingly elderly population coupled with the efficacy and safety of LC treatment resulted in an increase in the frequency of interventions without an increase in surgical mortality. For these reasons, managers implement strategies by which to standardize the process of patients undergoing LC. Specifically, the goal is to ensure, in accordance with the guidelines of the Italian Ministry of Health, a reduction in post-operative length of stay (LOS). In this study, a Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodological approach was implemented to identify and subsequently investigate, through statistical analysis, the effect that corrective actions have had on the post-operative hospitalization for LC interventions performed in a University Hospital. The analysis of the process, which involved a sample of 478 patients, with an approach guided by the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) cycle, made it possible to reduce the post-operative LOS from an average of 6.67 to 4.44 days. The most significant reduction was obtained for the 60–69 age group, for whom the probability of using LC is higher than for younger people. The LSS offers a methodological rigor that has allowed us, as already known, to make significant improvements to the process, standardizing the result by limiting the variability and obtaining a total reduction of post-operative LOS of 67%.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives
Authors: Andriollo Luca , Picchi Aurelio , Sangaletti Rudy , Perticarini Loris , Rossi Stefano Marco Paolo , Logroscino Giandomenico , Benazzo Francesco
Published: January 2024

The remarkable progress in data aggregation and deep learning algorithms has positioned artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to revolutionize the field of medicine. AI is becoming more and more prevalent in the healthcare sector, and its impact on orthopedic surgery is already evident in several fields. This review aims to examine the literature that explores the comprehensive clinical relevance of AI-based tools utilized before, during, and after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The review focuses on current clinical applications and future prospects in preoperative management, encompassing risk prediction and diagnostics; intraoperative tools, specifically navigation, identifying complex anatomic landmarks during surgery; and postoperative applications in terms of postoperative care and rehabilitation. Additionally, AI tools in educational and training settings are presented. Orthopedic surgeons are showing a growing interest in AI, as evidenced by the applications discussed in this review, particularly those related to ACL injury. The exponential increase in studies on AI tools applicable to the management of ACL tears promises a significant future impact in its clinical application, with growing attention from orthopedic surgeons.
Can Creativity and Cognitive Reserve Predict Psychological Well-Being in Older Adults? The Role of Divergent Thinking in Healthy Aging
Authors: Fusi Giulia , Giannì Jessica , Borsa Virginia Maria , Colautti Laura , Crepaldi Maura , Palmiero Massimiliano , Garau Francesca , Bonfiglio Salvatore Natale , Cao Ylenia , Antonietti Alessandro , Penna Maria Pietronilla , Rozzini Luca , Rusconi Maria Luisa
Published: January 2024

The maintenance of psychological well-being (PWB) in the older adult population is a pivotal goal for our rapidly aging society. PWB is a multicomponent construct that can be influenced by several factors in the lifespan. The beneficial role of divergent thinking (DT) and cognitive reserve (CR) in sustaining older subjects’ PWB has been scarcely investigated so far. The present study aims to investigate the relationships between DT, CR, and PWB in a sample of 121 healthy older adults (61 females; M age: 73.39 ± 6.66 years; M education: 11.33 ± 4.81 years). The results highlight that better DT performance predicts higher CR, which mediates an indirect positive effect of DT on emotional competence, one of the PWB factors. It follows that DT and CR can be considered protective factors in aging, and their effects go beyond cognitive functioning, revealing a positive effect even on some PWB components. The practical implications regarding targeted health interventions for prevention in the older adult population to support well-being and promote healthy aging are discussed.
Lifestyle in Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Núñez-Baila María-Ángeles , Gómez-Aragón Anjhara , Marques-Silva Armando-Manuel , González-López José Rafael
Published: January 2024

Emerging adulthood is a transitional stage with significant lifestyle changes, making it especially challenging for those living with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This systematic review synthesizes qualitative research to explore how emerging adulthood (18–29 years) influences lifestyle behaviors in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Global Health, Nursing & Allied Health Premium, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and WOS were searched for original qualitative studies addressing the lifestyle of 18–31-year-olds with type 1 diabetes mellitus, published between January 2010 and March 2021 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and their findings were categorized into eight topics (emotions and feelings, nutrition, perceptions, risky behaviors, self-care, sleep, social relationships, and stigma) using meta-aggregation, as outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The spontaneity characteristic of emerging adulthood can undermine self-care. This is because new environments, schedules, and relationships encountered during this life stage often lead to the neglect of diabetes management, owing to the various social, academic, and occupational demands. This review highlights the necessity of creating health promotion strategies tailored to the unique lifestyle aspects of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Adolescent Young Carers Who Provide Care to Siblings
Authors: Brolin Rosita , Hanson Elizabeth , Magnusson Lennart , Lewis Feylyn , Parkhouse Tom , Hlebec Valentina , Santini Sara , Hoefman Renske , Leu Agnes , Becker Saul
Published: January 2024

A child’s disability, long-term illness, or mental ill-health is known to affect siblings’ health, social life, school engagement, and quality of life. This article addresses a research gap by its focus on young sibling carers and the impact of providing care to a sibling. A cross-national survey study was conducted in 2018–2019 (Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK) to examine the incidence of adolescent sibling carers, the extent of care they provide, and their self-reported health, well-being, and school situation. The survey was completed by 7146 adolescents, aged 15–17, and 1444 of them provided care to family members with health-related conditions. Out of these, 286 were identified as Sibling Carers and 668 as Parent Carers, while 181 had both sibling(s) and parent(s) with health-related conditions, and thus were identified as Sibling–Parent Carers. Sibling Carers and Sibling–Parent Carers carried out higher levels of caring activities compared to Parent Carers. They reported both positive aspects of caring, such as increased maturity, and negative aspects, such as mental ill-health, impact on schooling and a lack of support. To reduce the negative aspects of a sibling carer role, it is important to recognise them and to implement early preventive measures and formal support.
Predictive Model to Evaluate Water and Nutrient Uptake in Vertically Grown Lettuce under Mediterranean Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: López Mora Manuel Felipe , Quintero Castellanos María Fernanda , González Murillo Carlos Alberto , Borgovan Calina , Salas Sanjuan María del Carmen , Guzmán Miguel
Published: January 2024

The decrease in arable land, water scarcity, and climate change increase the pressure on natural resources and agricultural production systems. In this context, agriculture must ensure food production for the rapidly growing and increasingly urban population of the world. Efforts must be made to obtain the highest yield from the unit area and promote the transition to more sustainable production systems Hydroponics is a modern growing technology mainly applied in greenhouses, which has developed rapidly over the past 30–40 years. Substrate-free hydroponic vertical crops (VC) can reduce the pressure conventional agriculture exerts on resources, saving water and nutrients, and increasing crop yields per unit area. Therefore, this study aimed to validate a proposed predictive model (PM) to simulate water and nutrient uptake in vertical crops under greenhouse conditions. On the basis of the Penman–Monteith equation, the PM estimates transpiration, while nutrient uptake was estimated using the Carmassi–Sonneveld submodel. The PM was experimentally evaluated for vertically grown lettuce under Mediterranean greenhouse conditions during spring 2023. The irrigation technique was a closed-loop fertigation circuit. The experiment consisted of testing two densities (50 and 80 plants·m−2) and three plant positions (low, medium, and upper). ANOVA (p < 0.05) and R2 were used to evaluate the PM performance and crop behavior. The low density and the upper position had significantly higher mass values. The results suggest a high degree of performance for the PM, as the R2 ranged from 0.7 to 0.9 for water and nutrient uptake. Both densities had a yield 17–20 times higher than conventional lettuce production and significant savings in water, about 85–88%. In this sense, the PM has great potential to intelligently manage VC fertigation, saving water and nutrients, which represents an advance toward reaching SDG 6 and SDG 12 within the 2030 Agenda.
Time-Restricted Feeding Ameliorates Methionine–Choline Deficient Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis in Mice
Authors: Jung Ik-Rak , Ahima Rexford S. , Kim Sangwon F.
Published: January 2024

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an inflammatory form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), closely associated with disease progression, cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has been shown to decrease body weight and adiposity and improve metabolic outcomes; however, the effect of TRF on NASH has not yet been fully understood. We had previously reported that inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) mediates hepatic insulin signaling. Importantly, we have found that TRF increases hepatic IPMK levels. Therefore, we investigated whether there is a causal link between TRF and IPMK in a mouse model of NASH, i.e., methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD)-induced steatohepatitis. Here, we show that TRF alleviated markers of NASH, i.e., reduced hepatic steatosis, liver triglycerides (TG), serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), inflammation, and fibrosis in MCDD mice. Interestingly, MCDD led to a significant reduction in IPMK levels, and the deletion of hepatic IPMK exacerbates the NASH phenotype induced by MCDD, accompanied by increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines. Conversely, TRF restored IPMK levels and significantly reduced gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our results demonstrate that TRF attenuates MCDD-induced NASH via IPMK-mediated changes in hepatic steatosis and inflammation.
A Missense Variant in TP53 Could Be a Genetic Biomarker Associated with Bone Tissue Alterations
Authors: Usategui-Martín Ricardo , Galindo-Cabello Nadia , Pastor-Idoate Salvador , Fernández-Gómez José María , del Real Álvaro , Ferreño Diego , Lapresa Rebeca , Martín-Rodriguez Francisco , Riancho José A. , Almeida Ángeles , Pérez-Castrillón José Luis
Published: January 2024

Metabolic bone diseases cover a broad spectrum of disorders that share alterations in bone metabolism that lead to a defective skeleton, which is associated with increasing morbidity, disability, and mortality. There is a close connection between the etiology of metabolic bone diseases and genetic factors, with TP53 being one of the genes associated therewith. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Arg72Pro of TP53 is a genetic factor associated with several pathologies, including cancer, stroke, and osteoporosis. Here, we aim to analyze the influence of the TP53 Arg72Pro SNP on bone mass in humanized Tp53 Arg72Pro knock-in mice. This work reports on the influence of the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism in bone microarchitecture, OPG expression, and apoptosis bone status. The results show that the proline variant of the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism (Pro72-p53) is associated with deteriorated bone tissue, lower OPG/RANK ratio, and lower apoptosis in bone tissue. In conclusion, the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism modulates bone microarchitecture and may be a genetic biomarker that can be used to identify individuals with an increased risk of suffering metabolic bone alterations.
Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Reversing T-Cell Exhaustion
Authors: Li Fei , Wang Yahong , Chen Dandan , Du Yunjie
Published: January 2024

T-cell exhaustion refers to a state of T-cell dysfunction commonly observed in chronic infections and cancer. Immune checkpoint molecules blockading using PD-1 and TIM-3 antibodies have shown promising results in reversing exhaustion, but this approach has several limitations. The treatment of T-cell exhaustion is still facing great challenges, making it imperative to explore new therapeutic strategies. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have successfully been applied as drug carriers and delivery systems in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Furthermore, nanoparticle-based immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial approach to reverse exhaustion. Here, we have compiled the latest advances in T-cell exhaustion, with a particular focus on the characteristics of exhaustion that can be targeted. Additionally, the emerging nanoparticle-based delivery systems were also reviewed. Moreover, we have discussed, in detail, nanoparticle-based immunotherapies that aim to reverse exhaustion, including targeting immune checkpoint blockades, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, and targeting the metabolism of exhausted T cells, etc. These data could aid in comprehending the immunopathogenesis of exhaustion and accomplishing the objective of preventing and treating chronic diseases or cancer.
Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) for Glioblastoma Treatment
Authors: Frumento Davide , Grossi Giancarlo , Falesiedi Marta , Musumeci Francesca , Carbone Anna , Schenone Silvia
Published: January 2024

In the last decade, many small molecules, usually characterized by heterocyclic scaffolds, have been designed and synthesized as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Among them, several compounds have been tested at preclinical and clinical levels to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is the most common and aggressive type of cancer originating in the brain and has an unfavorable prognosis, with a median survival of 15–16 months and a 5-year survival rate of 5%. Despite recent advances in treating GBM, it represents an incurable disease associated with treatment resistance and high recurrence rates. For these reasons, there is an urgent need for the development of new pharmacological agents to fight this malignancy. In this review, we reported the compounds published in the last five years, which showed promising activity in GBM preclinical models acting as TKIs. We grouped the compounds based on the targeted kinase: first, we reported receptor TKIs and then, cytoplasmic and peculiar kinase inhibitors. For each small molecule, we included the chemical structure, and we schematized the interaction with the target for some representative compounds with the aim of elucidating the mechanism of action. Finally, we cited the most relevant clinical trials.
The Aquaporin 3 Polymorphism (rs17553719) Is Associated with Sepsis Survival and Correlated with IL-33 Secretion
Authors: Ziehe Dominik , Marko Britta , Thon Patrick , Rahmel Tim , Palmowski Lars , Nowak Hartmuth , von Busch Alexander , Wolf Alexander , Witowski Andrea , Vonheder Jolene , Ellger Björn , Wappler Frank , Schwier Elke , Henzler Dietrich , Köhler Thomas , Zarbock Alexander , Ehrentraut Stefan Felix , Putensen Christian , Frey Ulrich Hermann , Anft Moritz , Babel Nina , Adamzik Michael , Koos Björn , Bergmann Lars , Unterberg Matthias , Rump Katharina
Published: January 2024

Sepsis is a common life-threatening disease caused by dysregulated immune response and metabolic acidosis which lead to organ failure. An abnormal expression of aquaporins plays an important role in organ failure. Additionally, genetic variants in aquaporins impact on the outcome in sepsis. Thus, we investigated the polymorphism (rs17553719) and expression of aquaporin-3 (AQP3) and correlated these measurements with the survival of sepsis patients. Accordingly, we collected blood samples on several days (plus clinical data) from 265 sepsis patients who stayed in different ICUs in Germany. Serum plasma, DNA, and RNA were then separated to detect the promotor genotypes of AQP3 mRNA expression of AQP3 and several cytokines. The results showed that the homozygote CC genotype exhibited a significant decrease in 30-day survival (38.9%) compared to the CT (66.15%) and TT genotypes (76.3%) (p = 0.003). Moreover, AQP3 mRNA expression was significantly higher and nearly doubled in the CC compared to the CT (p = 0.0044) and TT genotypes (p = 0.018) on the day of study inclusion. This was accompanied by an increased IL-33 concentration in the CC genotype (day 0: p = 0.0026 and day 3: p = 0.008). In summary, the C allele of the AQP3 polymorphism (rs17553719) shows an association with increased AQP3 expression and IL-33 concentration accompanied by decreased survival in patients with sepsis.
Platelet Proteome Reveals Novel Targets for Hypercoagulation in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome
Authors: Ugurel Elif , Narimanfar Ghazal , Cilek Neslihan , Kesim Cem , Altan Cigdem , Sahin Afsun , Yalcin Ozlem
Published: January 2024

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal extracellular matrix material in ocular and non-ocular tissues, including blood vessel walls. Clot-forming dysfunction might be responsible for venous thrombosis in PEX. We investigated global coagulation, the proteome, and functions of platelets in PEX patients and aimed to determine prognostic biomarkers for thrombosis risk in PEX. Peripheral blood was collected from PEX and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patients, and age–sex matched controls. Viscoelastic hemostasis was evaluated by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Platelet markers (CD41, CD42, CD61, and CD62p) and endothelial markers (P-selectin, E-selectin, and von Willebrand factor) were investigated by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. The platelet proteome was analyzed by 2D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. Clot formation time (CFT) is significantly reduced in PEX patients compared to the controls (p < 0.05). P-selectin levels were higher in PEX patients than in controls (p < 0.05); E-selectin and von Willebrand factor remained unchanged. The monitorization of CFT by ROTEM, and soluble P-selectin, may help assess thrombotic risk in PEX patients. Proteomic analysis revealed differential expression of Profilin-1 in platelets. Profilin-1 regulates the stability of actin-cytoskeleton and may contribute to impaired platelet hemostatic functions. Increased P-selectin levels together with impaired coagulation dynamics might be responsible for the thrombotic events in PEX disease.
Prognostic Markers in Tyrosine Kinases Specific to Basal-like 2 Subtype of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Limsakul Praopim , Choochuen Pongsakorn , Jungrungrueang Thawirasm , Charupanit Krit
Published: January 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a heterogeneous and therapeutically challenging subtype, comprises over 50% of patients categorized into basal-like 1 (BL1) and basal-like 2 (BL2) intrinsic molecular subtypes. Despite their shared basal-like classification, BL2 is associated with a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and reduced relapse-free survival compared to BL1. Here, the study focused on identifying subtype-specific markers for BL2 through transcriptomic analysis of TNBC patients using RNA-seq and clinical integration. Six receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) genes, including EGFR, EPHA4, EPHB2, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, and ROR1, were identified as potential differentiators for BL2. Correlations between TK mRNA expression and TNBC prognosis, particularly EGFR, PDGFRA, and PDGFRB, revealed potential synergistic interactions in pathways related to cell survival and proliferation. Our findings also suggest promising dual markers for predicting disease prognosis. Furthermore, RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that identified BL2-specific TKs were expressed at a higher level in BL2 than in BL1 cell lines, providing insights into unique characteristics. This study advances the understanding of TNBC heterogeneity within the basal-like subtypes, which could lead to novel clinical treatment approaches and the development of targeted therapies.