bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening for Second Cancers and Osteoporosis in Long‐Term Survivors
Authors: Mahon Suzanne M. , Williams Melanie T. , Spies Martha A.
Published: September 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this preliminary study was to describe the extent to which healthcare providers recommend the screening strategies for early detection described by the American Cancer Society (ACS), for breast, gynecologic, and colorectal cancer, and by the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF), for osteoporosis, to women who are long‐term survivors of breast, ovarian, or endometrial cancer.

Overview: A four‐part survey was developed for this study, with the first three parts based on the ACS guidelines for breast, gynecologic, and colorectal cancer screening and the NOF guidelines for osteoporosis screening. The fourth part related to personal characteristics, setting, knowledge, and perceptions of the nurses surveyed. A random sample of outpatient nurses was obtained from the Oncology Nursing Society. Of 668 nurses, 321 (48%) responded (Oncology Certified Nurse (OCN) 68.1%; Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse (AOCN) 16.6%).

Results: The most consistently performed screenings that were reported were mammogram (range 74.2–87.7%), professional breast examination (range 73.9–83.7%), and Pap test and pelvic examination (range 61.8–85.2%). The least frequently performed screenings are flexible sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy (range 20.2–27.7%), bone mineral density testing (range 16.9–19.0%), and height measurement (range 22.5–28.3%). Less than one third of survivors are offered counseling on strategies to promote bone health.

clinical Implications: Knowledge of factors associated with osteoporosis and the use of screening strategies for second malignancies in survivors of breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers can be used to implement activities such as patient education and clinical practice protocols that will increase the use of current screening recommendations.
Clinical and Economic Benefits of Using AUDICOR S3 Detection for Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Peacock W. Frank , Harrison Alex , Moffa Donald
Published: September 2010

Because many of the signs and symptoms of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) are nonspecific (e.g., dyspnea), accurate diagnosis can be challenging. Highly specific indicators of ADHF can assist in early and accurate diagnosis, therefore providing a potential for better outcomes and cost efficiency. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and electronically detected S3 data (Inovise Medical, Inc., Portland, OR) were collected in 340 emergency department patients with suspected ADHF. After hospital discharge, two blinded cardiologists determined whether ADHF was present. Total hospital charges were also recorded. The overall ED misdiagnosis rate was 14.0%, of which over 90% were a failure to recognize ADHF when it was present. The S3 was highly specific (94%) for ADHF and was valuable in combination with BNP values to improve the diagnostic accuracy in undifferentiated emergency department dyspenic patients. Misdiagnosed ADHF patients accrued over $2500 more in hospital charges than patients correctly diagnosed with ADHF, a 32% increase.
The Relation of QT Dispersion to Spontaneous Ventricular Arrhythmias During the Acute Phase of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rashba Eric J. , Zareba Wojciech , Moss Arthur J.
Published: September 2010

Background: QT dispersion is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death among patients with a previous myocardial infarction (Ml). The relationship between QT dispersion and ventricular arrhythmias during the acute phase of Ml is uncertain.

Methods: Patients enrolled in the Multicenter Study of Silent Myocardial Ischemia who had first Q wave myocardial infarctions (n = 363) were screened for the presence of ventricular arrhythmias during the initial hospitalization. Twelve patients had ventricular fibrillation, and 18 patients had an episode of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Each patient who had ventricular arrhythmias was matched with four controls on the basis of age, peak creatine kinase, thrombolysis, and the presence of congestive heart failure. The final study population consisted of 150 patients: 12 patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF+) who were compared to 48 controls (VF—), and 18 patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT+) who were compared to 72 controls (VT–). The RR, QRS, and QT intervals were measured manually using standard 12‐lead ECGs (25 mm/s) obtained after hospital admission. The maximal QT dispersion (maximum — minimum value) was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine if QT dispersion was independently associated with ventricular arrhythmias during the acute phase of Ml.

Results: QT dispersion was significantly greater in VF+ patients compared to VF— patients (89 ± 18 ms vs 66 ± 22 ms, P > 0.01). QT dispersion was similar in VT+ and VT— patients (68 ± 25 ms vs 68 ± 26 ms, P = NS). QT dispersion was the only variable that was independently associated with ventricular fibrillation (OR 1.7 for each 10‐ms increment in QT dispersion; 95% Cl 1.2–2.6; P = 0.008). QT dispersion was not associated with monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (OR 1.0; 95% Cl 0.8–1.2; P = NS).

Conclusion: QT dispersion is independently associated with ventricular fibrillation, but not monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, during the acute phase of Ml.
P Wave Signal‐Averaged Electrocardiography Techniques
Authors: Chan Eric K.Y. , Steinberg Jonathan S. , Santoni‐Rugiu Francesco , Gomes J. Anthony
Published: September 2010

Background: P wave signal‐averaged electrocardiography (PW‐SAECG) is a new method that is proving to be an accurate and independent noninvasive marker for the risk of developing atrial fibrillation. This article presents current data acquisition and analysis techniques for PW‐SAECG. It also discusses in detail the interplay of inherent challenges present in the morphological attributes of the P wave, and how correct technique can play a large role in surmounting these challenges, thereby producing good results.

Methods: Proper patient preparation and correct configuration of instrument settings ensure accurate P wave detection and alignment during the signal‐averaging process. This in turn preserves waveform integrity of the resulting signal‐averaged P wave data. Subsequent application of appropriate filtering schemes and signal processing methods permit the calculation and analysis of key PW‐SAECG time‐domain parameters.

Conclusions: Judicious modification of established data acquisition protocols from R wave signal averaging, coupled with appropriate postprocessing and analysis techniques, are necessary precursors for arriving at acceptable time‐domain PW‐SAECG results.
P‐Wave Duration and Dispersion in Obese Subjects
Authors: Kosar Feridun , Aksoy Yüksel , Ari Fahri , Keskin Lezzan , Sahin Ibrahim
Published: September 2010

Background: Although previous studies have documented a variety of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in obesity, P‐wave alterations, which represent an increased risk for atrial arrhythmia, have not been studied very well in these patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate P‐wave duration and P dispersion (Pd) in obese subjects, and to investigate the relationship between P‐wave measurements, and the clinical and echocardiographic variables.

Methods: The study population consisted of 52 obese and 30 normal weight control subjects. P‐wave duration and P‐wave dispersion were calculated on the 12‐lead ECG. As echocardiographic variables, left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular end‐diastolic, and end‐systolic diameters (LVDD and LVSD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), interventricular septum thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), and left ventricular mass (LVM) of the obese and the control subjects were measured by means of transthoracic echocardiography.

Results: There were statistically significant differences between obese and controls as regards to Pmax (maximum P‐wave duration) and Pd (P dispersion) (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Pmin (minimum P wave duration) was similar in both groups. Correlation analysis showed that Pd in the obese patients was related to any the clinical and echocardiographic parameters including BMI, LAD, LVDD, IVST, LVPWT, and LVM.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that obesity affects P‐wave dispersion and duration, and changes in P dispersion may be closely related to the clinical and the echocardiographic parameters such as BMI, LAD, IVST, LVPWT, and LVM.
High Sensitivity CRP Levels Predict Atrial Tachyarrhythmias in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Ucer Ekrem , Gungor Baris , Erdinler Izzet Celal , Akyol Ahmet , Alper Ahmet Taha , Eksik Abdurrahman , Cakmak Nazmiye , Gurkan Kadir , Ulufer Tanju
Published: September 2010

Background: The different levels of inflammation in rheumatic mitral stenosis determine its clinical consequences. Atrial fibrillation is frequently encountered in mitral stenosis, though the independent role of chronic inflammation in determining atrial tachyarrhythmia occurrence in rheumatic heart disease has not been demonstrated previously.

Methods: Measurements of C‐reactive protein (CRP) with a high sensitivity assay to detect chronic inflammation were performed in a homogenous group of 50 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis, who were in sinus rhythm. Patients were questioned to exclude confounders of CRP elevation. The patients underwent a twenty‐four‐hour ambulatory ECG monitoring to check for asymptomatic atrial tachyarrhythmias and were in addition classified according to the presence of atrial tachyarrhythmias.

Results: Forty‐four percent of patients showed a total of 100 episodes of atrial tachyarrhythmias where 63% of these episodes were paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The CRP values in patients with tachyarrhythmias were significantly higher than in patients who remained in sinus rhythm (4.2 ± 0.55 mg/L vs 1.99 ± 0.36 mg/L, P < 0.001). A logistic regression analysis revealed only CRP levels and previous history of mitral valvuloplasty significantly determined tachyarrhythmia occurrence where age, left atrial volumes, mitral gradients had no statistically significant effect.

Conclusions: Our data implicated that nearly half of the mitral stenosis patients who are in sinus rhythm develop asymptomatic tachyarrhythmias and the higher levels of CRP in these patients show the significant effect of persistent inflammation on arrhythmia occurrence.
Adenosine‐Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with Supraventricular Tachycardias
Authors: Ertan Cagatay , Atar İlyas , Gulmez Oyku , Atar Asli , Ozgul Aliseydi , Aydinalp Alp , Müderrisoğlu Haldun , Özin Bülent
Published: September 2010

Background: Adenosine is widely used for the diagnosis and the termination of supraventricular arrhythmias. There are many case reports and few series about the proarrhythmic potential of adenosine. We sought to evaluate the proarrhythmic potential of adenosine used to terminate the supraventricular arrhythmias.

Methods: The records of all patients that received adenosine for the termination of supraventricular tachycardia were reviewed retrospectively and those with a continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) recording during adenosine administration were included to the study.

Results: Our search identified 52 supraventricular episodes of 46 patients with a continuous ECG recording during adenosine administration. Following adenosine administration, premature ventricular contraction (PVC) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) developed in 22 (47.8%) patients and in 26 (50%) tachycardia episodes. No patient had a sustained VT. Nonsustained VT developed in eight (17.4%) patients. All VT episodes were polymorphic, short, and self‐terminating. When the basal and demographic properties of patients with PVC or VT and those without PVT or VT were compared, there was no significant difference.

Conclusions: Adenosine is a quite safe and effective drug for the termination of narrow QRS complex tachycardia but it often induces nonsustained VT or PVC that are clinically insignificant in the absence of other accompanying heart disease.
Correlation of Modification of Heart Rate Recovery with Adaptation to Myocardial Ischemia in a Model of Sequential Exercise Testings
Authors: Michaelides Andreas P. , Fourlas Christos A. , Andrikopoulos George K. , Antoniades Charalambos , Soulis Dimitrios , Chatzistamatiou Evangelos , Stefanadis Christodoulos I.
Published: September 2010

Background: Heart rate recovery (HRR) has been identified as a reliable predictor of cardiac mortality, correlated with autonomic tone. In a model of sequential exercise testings, we investigated the reproducibility of HRR and the association between HRR modification and myocardial adaptation to ischemia.

Methods: We studied 128 patients (mean age 62 ± 9 years, 83% males) with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD) and a first positive exercise testing, who agreed to undergo a second exercise testing after 24 hours.

Results: HRR was increased from 25 ± 10 beats/min at the first exercise testing to 30 ± 13 beats/min at the second exercise testing (P < 0.001). Thereafter, participants were divided into two groups: Group I comprised 88 patients who presented augmentation of the HRR in the first compared to the second exercise testing, while group II comprised 40 patients who presented unchanged or reduced HRR. The rate‐pressure product (RPP) at 1 mm ST‐segment depression (ischemic threshold) at the second compared to the first exercise testing were significantly improved in group I patients (2345 ± 3429 mmHg/min), while it was worsened in group II patients (−630 ± 2510 mmHg/min) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: In a model of sequential exercise testings, myocardial adaptation to exercise‐induced ischemia was associated with favorable modification of HRR.
Study of the Extent of the Information of Cardiologists from São Paulo City, Brazil, Regarding a Low‐Prevalence Entity: Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Pérez Riera Andrés Ricardo , Filho Celso F. , Uchida Augusto H. , Zhang Li , Antzelevitch Charles , Schapachnik Edgardo , Dubner Sergio , Ferreira Celso
Published: September 2010

Objective: To determine the degree of knowledge that cardiologists from São Paulo, Brazil, have regarding a low‐prevalent entity associated with a high rate of sudden death—Brugada syndrome.

Methods: Two hundred forty‐four cardiologists were interviewed by an instrument divided in two parts: in the first, we recorded gender, age, and data related to academic profile. The second—answered only by the professionals that manifested having some degree of knowledge on the syndrome—had 28 questions that evaluated their knowledge. The answers were spontaneous and they did not have a chance to consult. We used uni‐ and multivariate analysis on the average percentage of right and wrong answers, and the influence of the academic profile.

Results: The predominant gender was the male gender (61.1%), the average age was 44.32 ± 10.83 years, 40% with more than 20 years after obtaining their degree, 44% were educated in public institutions, 69% had a residency in cardiology, 20% had overseas practice, 12% had postdegree, 41% were linked to an educational institution, 24% with publication(s) in an indexed journal, 17.2% were authors of chapters in books, 2.5% had edited books, and 10% were linked to the Brazilian Society of Cardiac Arrhythmias. The average percentage of right answers was 45.7%.

Conclusion: The sample studied revealed a little knowledge on the entity. A residency in cardiology was the factor of greater significance in the percentage of right answers. Other significant factors were the link of the interviewed person to an educational institution, or the Brazilian Society of Cardiac Arrhythmias, and having a specialist degree.
Long QT Syndrome in Patients over 40 Years of Age: Increased Risk for LQTS‐Related Cardiac Events in Patients with Coronary Disease
Authors: Sze Edward , Moss Arthur J. , Goldenberg Ilan , McNitt Scott , Jons Christian , Zareba Wojciech , Qi Ming , Robinson Jennifer L. ,   for the International Long QT Syndrome Investigative Group
Published: September 2010

Background:Previous studies of long QT syndrome (LQTS) have focused primarily on the clinical course of affected patients up to 40 years of age to avoid the confounding influence of acquired heart disease on LQTS‐related cardiac events in this genetic disorder.

Methods:Patients were identified as having coronary disease if they had a history of hospitalization for myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, or were treated with medication for angina. LQTS‐related cardiac events included the first occurrence of syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, or sudden cardiac death without evidence suggestive of an acute coronary event. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to analyze the independent contribution of coronary disease to LQTS‐related cardiac events.

Results:Time‐dependent coronary disease was associated with an increased risk of LQTS‐related cardiac events (hazard ratio 2.24, 95% confidence interval 1.23–4.07, P = 0.008) after adjustment for syncopal history before age 40, QTc, and gender. Factors such as diabetes and hypertension that increase the risk for coronary disease were not associated with an increased risk for LQTS‐related cardiac events.

Conclusions:This is the first study to demonstrate that coronary disease augments the risk for LQTS‐related cardiac events in LQTS. The findings highlight the need for more focused preventive therapy in LQTS patients above the age of 40.
High‐Resolution Signal‐Averaged Analysis of Atrial Electromagnetic Characteristics in Patients with Paroxysmal Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Jurkko Raija , Väänänen Heikki , Mäntynen Ville , Kuusisto Jouni , Mäkijärvi Markku , Toivonen Lauri
Published: September 2010

Background: Abnormalities in the electromagnetic signal of the atria during sinus rhythm could serve as markers of triggering foci or substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF). We examined atrial electrophysiologic properties noninvasively by using magnetocardiographic mapping (MCG) in patients with paroxysmal lone AF to find whether any difference exists between those who have frequent triggers of AF and who don't.

Methods: MCG was recorded over anterior chest during sinus rhythm in 80 patients with paroxysmal lone AF (44 ± 12 years, 61 males) and 80 matched controls. Atrial wave duration (Pd) and root mean square amplitudes of the last 40 ms (RMS40) of the averaged filtered atrial complex were determined automatically. Patients expressing atrial arrhythmias triggering AF episodes were classified as focal AF.

Results: The Pd was 109 ms in patients and 104 ms in controls (P = 0.007). In focal AF (72%) the Pd was slightly prolonged and its proportion of the PR interval was larger, but RMS40 was normal compared to controls. In other patients, the Pd was close to controls, but the RMS40 was reduced (59 ± 17 vs74 ± 36 fT, P = 0.006). Pd and atrial RMS amplitudes were unrelated to duration of AF history or frequency of recurrences.

Conclusion: Clinical subclasses of lone AF seem to possess distinct signal profiles of atrial depolarization. Differences in electrophysiological properties between these subclasses may reflect pathogenetic variation and could have implications on diagnostics and therapy.
The Artist and the City in “Euro‐Mediterranean” Marseille: Redefining State Cultural Policy in an Era of Transnational Governance
Authors: INGRAM MARK
Published: September 2010

Focused on an arts center in Marseille, this article explores how globalization and Europeanization are affecting relations between local cultural producers, national culture, and the state. In France, the state's claims to reshape civil society through cultural policy have been challenged by critics who conclude that economic priorities have ended an era of civic‐centered state arts policy. At the same time, local authorities in the Provence‐Alpes‐Côtes d'Azur region value “new territories of art” projects as initiatives consonant with Euro‐Mediterranean commerce and exchange. Adapting to this context, these artists both challenge and rearticulate state cultural policy. They pursue the same universalist Republican ideals of earlier state policy but they re‐define them for the distinctively Mediterranean setting of Marseille. Thus, in spite of anti‐state discourse by artists, and fears that the public nature of their work has been compromised by economic liberalization, this case shows the ongoing power of the state to shape cultural policy discourse at the same time that it shows artists interpreting the terms of this discourse in ways that are dynamic, locally‐distinctive, and transnational.
Direct Associations or Internal Transformations? Exploring the Mechanisms Underlying Sequential Learning Behavior
Authors: Gureckis Todd M. , Love Bradley C.
Published: September 2010

We evaluate two broad classes of cognitive mechanisms that might support the learning of sequential patterns. According to the first, learning is based on the gradual accumulation of direct associations between events based on simple conditioning principles. The other view describes learning as the process of inducing the transformational structure that defines the material. Each of these learning mechanisms predicts differences in the rate of acquisition for differently organized sequences. Across a set of empirical studies, we compare the predictions of each class of model with the behavior of human subjects. We find that learning mechanisms based on transformations of an internal state, such as recurrent network architectures (e.g., Elman, 1990), have difficulty accounting for the pattern of human results relative to a simpler (but more limited) learning mechanism based on learning direct associations. Our results suggest new constraints on the cognitive mechanisms supporting sequential learning behavior.
Does Playing Blindfold Chess Reduce the Quality of Game: Comments on Chabris and Hearst (2003)
Authors: Jeremic Veljko , Vukmirovic Dragan , Radojicic Zoran
Published: September 2010

Blindfold chess is a special type of chess game where both the board and pieces are not visible to its players. This paper aims to determine whether the quality of the game played blindfolded is lower than when played under normal conditions. The best chess program was used to analyze games played by the world's top Grandmasters under both conditions. We have analyzed the Monaco 1993–1998 data set introduced by Chabris and Hearst (2003). The results showed that although a larger number of mistakes occurred while playing blindfolded, no significant statistical difference between the rapid and blindfold games has been found. Nevertheless, by applying the same methodology to the Monaco 2002–2007 data set a substantial difference between the blindfold and the rapid chess game was noticed. In this paper, we have addressed the possible improvement of the chess game quality and the advances in chess programs that may be responsible for detecting more blunders.
An Examination of Clothing Issues and Physical Limitations in the Product Development Process
Authors: Carroll Katherine , Gross Kevin
Published: September 2010

The purpose of this study was to explore physical limitations and clothing problems among working women with physical disabilities to determine whether types of physical limitations are linked to specific clothing problems. The sample included 117 working women with a variety of disabilities. Principle Components Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression were used to analyze the data. Three distinct factors emerged to represent clothing problems (called Design, Materials Performance, and Dressing) and four distinct factors emerged to represent physical limitations (called Limbs/Outer Extremities, Central Core/Torso, Central Nervous System, and Intellect, Vision and Hearing). Regression analysis showed that the physical limitations impact each of the three clothing factors. The study extends research by focusing on an underserved market segment and providing the apparel industry with a potential method of addressing the needs of that market. The study also contributes to interdisciplinary research by further developing an Inclusive Design model for apparel product development.
A multi‐Gaussian model for predicting crawler occurrence of Unaspis yanonensis in citrus orchards
Authors: Kim Dong‐Soon , Choi Kyung‐San , Lee Joon‐Hak
Published: September 2010

Arrowhead scale, Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), feeds on the foliage, stems, and fruits of citrus trees and causes tree dieback when heavy infestations occur. Multi‐Gaussian models (three‐ and two‐peak models) were developed for better management of the arrowhead scale in citrus orchards and later validated against several field data sets. The oviposition activities observed in the laboratory were highly correlated with both models (r2 = 0.88). The three peak oviposition times estimated by the three‐peak model were at 282, 500, and 694 degree‐days, based on a low threshold temperature of 13 °C. Also, the peak oviposition times of the two‐peak model were identical to the first and second peak times of the three‐peak model. Both models accurately predicted the first oviposition peak period of field populations. In the later peak period, both model outputs well predicted the actual crawler populations, except for the tail end of actual peak periods which were underestimated in the two‐peak model and overestimated in the three‐peak model. Overall, both models showed a strong robustness for correlation with actual data. The newly developed multi‐Gaussian models better described the actual population phenology of U. yanonensis than the previously published models, and either model would be useful for the management of U. yanonensis in the field.
In vitro evaluation of the biocompatibility of contaminated implant surfaces treated with an Er : YAG laser and an air powder system
Authors: Kreisler Matthias , Kohnen Wolfgang , Christoffers Ann‐Babett , Götz Hermann , Jansen Bernd , Duschner Heinz , D'Hoedt Bernd
Published: September 2010

Abstract: Titanium platelets with a sand‐blasted and acid‐etched surface were coated with bovine serum albumin and incubated with a suspension of Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277). Four groups with a total of 48 specimens were formed. Laser irradiation of the specimens (n=12) was performed on a computer‐controlled XY translation stage at pulse energy 60 mJ and frequency 10 pps. Twelve specimens were treated with an air powder system. After the respective treatment, human gingival fibroblasts were incubated on the specimens. The proliferation rate was determined by means of fluorescence activity of a redox indicator (Alamar Blue® Assay) which is reduced by metabolic activity related to cellular growth. Proliferation was determined up to 72 h. Contaminated and non‐treated as well as sterile specimens served as positive and negative controls. Proliferation activity was significantly (Mann–Whitney U‐test, P<0.05) reduced on contaminated and non‐treated platelets when compared to sterile specimens. Both on laser as well as air powder‐treated specimens, cell growth was not significantly different from that on sterile specimens. Air powder treatment led to microscopically visible alterations of the implant surface whereas laser‐treated surfaces remained unchanged. Both air powder and Er : YAG laser irradiation have a good potential to remove cytotoxic bacterial components from implant surfaces. At the irradiation parameters investigated, the Er : YAG laser ensures a reliable decontamination of implants in vitro without altering surface morphology.
The bone–metal interface of defect and press‐fit ingrowth of microwave plasma‐chemical vapor deposition implants in the rabbit model
Authors: Rupprecht Stephan , Bloch‐Birkholz Alexandra , Lethaus Bernd , Rosiwal Stefan , Neukam Friedrich Wilhelm , Schlegel Andreas
Published: September 2010

Purpose: The histological differences between the defect and contact areas of the implant surface to bone were tested in 35 New Zealand White rabbits in a standardized model. Microwave plasma chemical vapor‐coated implant probes were tested in control and uncoated materials.

Material and methods:  In each femur of 35 rabbits, cylindrical implant rods with a planed side were inserted. Three groups, divided in coated and uncoated material at half, were observed 42, 84 and 168 days. The probes were examined histologically for bone–implant contact in the curved and plane (defect area) sides.

Results: Generally the bone–implant contact seems to be nearly constant in time in the curved area of coated and uncoated probes. Here the implant was inserted in the press‐fit mode. Diamond‐coated probes showed similar bone–implant contact (51.9% (42 days), 62.5% (84 days), 56.1% (168 days)) compared to uncoated material (56.2%, 65.4%, 62.9%). The defect area (plane side) had no bone–implant contact at the time of insertion and showed increasing values on longer observation times with only significant differences in the 42‐day group between coated (17.85%, 35.2%, 47.7%) and uncoated materials (35.5%, 40.55%, 51.81%).

Conclusion: The evaluation of the curved side of the implant probe showed no great variation of bone–implant contact within the described observation times. This model simulates the usual implant insertion situation. The diamond‐coated material becomes osseointegrated at a later time point. The bone–implant contact was only statistically relevant in one group in comparison to uncoated material.
Mandibular overdentures supported by two or four endosseous implants
Authors: Visser Anita , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Meijer Henny J. A. , Batenburg Rutger H. K. , Vissink Arjan
Published: September 2010

Objective: The aim of this 5‐year prospective comparative study was to evaluate treatment outcome (survival rate, condition of hard and soft peri‐implant tissues, patient satisfaction, prosthetic and surgical aftercare) of mandibular overdentures supported by two or four implants.

Material and methods: Sixty edentulous patients with a mandibular height between 12 and 18 mm participated. Thirty patients were treated with an overdenture supported by two IMZ implants (group A) and 30 patients were treated with an overdenture supported by four IMZ implants (group B). Standardised clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated 6 weeks after completion of the prosthetic treatment and after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years of functional loading. Prosthetic and surgical aftercare was scored during the evaluation period.

Results: One implant was lost (group A) during the healing period. There were no significant differences with regard to any of the studied clinical or radiographic parameters of the peri‐implant tissues between the groups. None of the patients reported sensory disturbances in the lip or chin region. No differences in satisfaction were observed between the groups. With regard to aftercare, there was a tendency of a greater need of prosthetic interventions in group A, while correction of soft‐tissue problems was restricted to patients of group B.

Conclusion: There is no difference in clinical and radiographical state of patients treated with an overdenture on two or four implants during a 5‐year evaluation period. Patients of both groups were as satisfied with their overdentures.
Evaluation of the accuracy of three different computer‐aided surgery systems in dental implantology: optical tracking vs. stereolithographic splint systems
Authors: Ruppin Jörg , Popovic Aleksandra , Strauss Mario , Spüntrup Elmar , Steiner Alexander , Stoll Christian
Published: September 2010

Objectives:In dental implant surgery, computer‐aided surgery (CAS) techniques can provide a high medical benefit. Two different techniques are established for transferring a CAS treatment planning to the patient: the use of surgical templates (splints) or intraoperative navigation using optical tracking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total application accuracy of three different CAS systems (Artma virtual patient™, RoboDent LapAccedo®, Materialise SurgiGuide™): two featuring optical tracking, one featuring stereolithographically manufactured splints.

Materials and Methods:A total of 120 implants were placed into 20 human cadaver mandibles. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans imported to the corresponding software were used to plan the implant positions on the computer. Implant placement was performed using either optical tracking or stereolithographic splints. Postoperative CT scans were used to obtain the achieved implant positions. A semi‐automatic approach was developed to compare planned and achieved implant positions. Deviations between planned and achieved positions were measured for each implant in position (Δxy), depth (Δz) and axis (Δϕ).

Conclusion:Despite the different techniques of transfer, no statistically significant differences were found between all groups. The accuracy achieved corresponded well with the spatial resolution of the CT Scans used.
The mucosal barrier at implant abutments of different materials
Authors: Welander Maria , Abrahamsson Ingemar , Berglundh Tord
Published: September 2010

Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the soft tissue barrier formed to implant abutments made of different materials.

Material and methods: Six Labrador dogs, about 1 year old, were used. All mandibular premolars and the first, second and third maxillary premolars were extracted. Three months later four implants (OsseoSpeed™, 4.5 × 9 mm, Astra Tech Dental, Mölndal, Sweden) were placed in the edentulous premolar region on one side of the mandible and healing abutments were connected. One month later, the healing abutments were disconnected and four new abutments were placed in a randomized order. Two of the abutments were made of titanium (Ti), while the remaining abutments were made of ZrO2 or AuPt‐alloy. A 5‐months plaque control program was initiated. Three months after implant surgery, the implant installation procedure and the subsequent abutment shift were repeated in the contra‐lateral mandibular region. Two months later, the dogs were euthanized and biopsies containing the implant and the surrounding soft and hard peri‐implant tissues were collected and prepared for histological analysis.

Results: It was demonstrated that the soft tissue dimensions at Ti‐ and ZrO2 abutments remained stable between 2 and 5 months of healing. At Au/Pt‐alloy abutment sites, however, an apical shift of the barrier epithelium and the marginal bone occurred between 2 and 5 months of healing. In addition, the 80‐μm‐wide connective tissue zone lateral to the Au/Pt‐alloy abutments contained lower amounts of collagen and fibroblasts and larger fractions of leukocytes than the corresponding connective tissue zone of abutments made of Ti and ZrO2.

Conclusion: It is suggested that the soft tissue healing to abutments made of titanium and ZrO2 is different to that at abutments made of AuPt‐alloy.
Induction of new bone by basic FGF‐loaded porous carbonate apatite implants in femur defects in rats
Authors: Keiichi Kanayama , Mitsunobu Kitago , Masafumi Shiraki , Yutaka Doi , Toshiaki Shibutani
Published: September 2010

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether porous carbonate apatite (CA) containing basic FGF (bFGF) enhances bone augmentation as compared with porous CA alone.

Material and methods: Thirty‐six disc‐shaped porous CA implants were inserted into femur defects in 36 Wister rats. Porous CA containing 0, 5, or 50 ng of bFGF was placed in the defect. Bone augmentation was evaluated radiographically using micro‐CT and histologically by conventional staining at 2 and 12 weeks.

Results: At 2 weeks postoperatively, new bone was evident in the defect sites with porous CA containing either 5 or 50 ng of bFGF. The area of regenerated bone, however, was significantly higher with porous CA containing 5 ng of bFGF than with porous CA containing 50 ng. At 12 weeks postoperatively, no differences in new bone formation were seen between porous CA containing 5 and 50 ng bFGF. Porous CA containing bFGF, however, markedly increased the amount of bone newly formed as compared with porous CA without bFGF. Regardless of the implantation period, TRAP‐positive cells were visible around the material, indicating that osteoclast‐like cells were resorbing porous CA. In accordance with the evidence, bioresorption of the material increased over time: 6.3–7.8% at 2 weeks to 9.1–11.5% at 12 weeks.

Conclusions: Porous CA is useful as a growth factor carrier and scaffold for bone augmentation.
Interpretations of DMF registrations of Norwegian recruits with emphasis on previous treatment experience
Authors: Mjor Ivar A.
Published: September 2010

abstract The results from a DMF registration of 235 Nonvegian recruits are presented with emphasis on groups with differences in dental treatment prior to the time of examination. Eighty‐one per cent of the recruits had attended school dental services regularly between the ages of 7 and 14 years. About half of these continued regular dental treatment until they entered the armed forces at ages 18–20, while 13 % did not seek dental treatment. The DMFS and DMFT counts were similar for all groups in the present study. The D/F, M/F and DM/F ratios have been assessed and it is suggested that these ratios may be useful in evaluating the effects of previous treatment as well as the present need for dental care.
Parental awareness of the dental needs of 5‐year‐old children in the West Midlands, England
Authors: Beal John F. , Dickson S.
Published: September 2010

abstract Following a dental examination of 5‐year‐old children, the mothers of 367 of them were interviewed. Some of the questions related to the mother's awareness of the dental and gingival condition of her child. The replies were then related to the clinical findings. It was found that many of the mothers had an over‐optimistic opinion of the child's dental condition and that very few of them were over‐pessimistic. This lack of knowledge about existing dental disease is a major factor in the gap between the dental need of the community and the demands made for treatment.
Clinical study of an amine fluoride gel and acidulated phosphate fluoride gel
Authors: Shern Roald J. , Duany Luis F. , Senning Rickley S. , Zinner Doran D.
Published: September 2010

Abstract This study compared caries inhibition in children by an amine fluoride and an acidulated phosphate fluoride when administered in a topically applied gel. In addition, the effects of applying amine fluoride daily and weekly were compared. Four hundred and sixty‐eight children, ages 6 to 13, were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups and received a total of five, 5‐minute treatments. The treatment and interval between each of the five treatments were as follows: (A) acidulated phosphate fluoride daily, (B) amine fluoride daily, (C) amine fluoride weekly, (D) placebo daily, and (E) placebo weekly. When the children were examined for total Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surfaces (DMFS) increments 2 years later, no significant differences were observed. However, when the data were examined for effects on DMFS for a specific tooth surface, significant restriction (61 %) of occlusal increment was shown in the group which was treated with amine fluoride daily for 5 consecutive days as compared with the control group.
Plaque‐removing effect of dental floss and toothpicks in children 12–13 years of age
Authors: Anaise J. Z.
Published: September 2010

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the cleaning effect of dental floss and toothpicks on interproximal surfaces. The plaque situation was assessed in a group of children 12–13 years of age by the Patient Hygiene Performance Index (PHPI). It was found that dental floss has a greater plaque‐removing effect of the interproximal areas than toothpicks, predominantly on the mesial surfaces of the teeth.
Occurrence of oral sebaceous glands in 43,654 industrial workers of Gujarat, India
Authors: Mani N. J. , Bhargava K. , Malaowalla A. M.
Published: September 2010

Abstract In the course of an extensive study on oral cancer and precancerous lesions in a selected sample of Indian industrial workers, 43,654 individuals over the age of 35 years were clinically examined for the presence and location of oral sebaceous glands. The prevalence of oral sebaceous glands was found to be 25 % in the study sample. This comparatively low prevalence rate is attributed to the high frequency of oral habits which may cause an atrophy of these glandular structures. Bilateral buccal mucosal involvement was the most common finding. The upper lip was much more frequently involved than the lower lip. Because these glands do not have any pathologic significance, they should be considered developmental disorders or structures within the limits of normal variation. Occasionally, when widespread, they may be mistaken for oral white lesions such as leukoplakia, lichen planus, etc.
Dental fluorosis among persons exposed to high‐ and low‐fluoride drinking water in western Norway
Authors: BArdsen Asgeir , Klock Kristin S. , Bjorvatn Kjell
Published: September 2010

Abstract– The aim of this project was to study the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among persons exposed to moderate‐ to high‐ or low‐fluoride drinking water in western Norway, and to assess the risk factors involved. Subjects aged 5 to 18 years who had been lifelong consumers of moderate‐ to high‐fluoride groundwater (≧0.50 mg F/L) were selected for the study (n=113). A comparison group (n=105) was chosen among consumers of low‐fluoride surface water (∼0.10 mg F/L) in the same district. The Thylstrup‐Fejerskov (TF) Index was used to score dental fluorosis. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on fluoride exposure and other relevant factors. Among the consumers of low‐fluoride water 14.3% showed dental fluorosis (TF score 1–2) as compared to 78.8% in the group consuming moderate‐ to high‐fluoride water (TF scores 1–7). Premolars were most frequently affected, but severe cases (TF scores 3–7) were equally prevalent in maxillary central incisors and first molars. In logistic regression analysis with TF score 0 or TF score ≧1 as the dependent variable, only fluoride concentration in the drinking water was associated with a statistically increased risk of dental fluorosis (odds ratio: 18.9; 95% CI: 8.85–40.44). In the study area, which was characterised by multiple fluoride sources, uncontrolled groundwater with moderate to high fluoride content was the most important factor in the development of dental fluorosis. In order to prevent dental fluorosis, groundwater wells should routinely be analysed for fluoride.
Perceptions of susceptibility to oral health hazards: a study of women in different cultures
Authors: Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug , Awadia Aminmohamed K. , Bjorvatn Kjell
Published: September 2010

Abstract– People typically attribute lower health risks to themselves than to others, a phenomenon called unrealistic optimism. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate how women's perceived susceptibility to tooth decay is related to information from various sources, trust in these sources and personal experience with risk factors. Comparative risk judgments for oral health hazards were also investigated. Methods: Two samples of women were included. In 1997, a random sample of adults (n=1190) aged 25 years, from three counties of western Norway, were invited to complete postal questionnaires at home. A total of 735 adults (62%) responded, of whom 374 (51%) were women. During July 1997, a convenient sample of 140 women, aged 15–40 years, participated in a structured interview at a Maternal Child Health clinic in Arusha town, Tanzania. Results: Among the Tanzanian women, information from health workers and media, trust in these sources, symptoms of tooth decay and intake of sugared foods were significantly related to perceived risk for tooth decay. Pearson's correlation coefficients varied from r=0.47, P < 0.001 (trust in health workers) to r=0.20, P < 0.05 (intake of sugared foods). In both groups of women all mean ratings of comparative risk differed significantly (P < 0.001) from the midpoint of the scales (marked same risk as others), as tested by one sample t‐test (test value=0). The range of t‐values was from t=–12.7 (dental fluorosis) to t=–18.2 (tooth decay) and from t=–4.9 (gum disease) to t=–8.3 (loss of teeth) among the Tanzanian and Norwegian women, respectively. Conclusions: When judging their susceptibility for tooth decay, Tanzanian women seem to consider both information from health workers and their personal risk experience. Optimism in comparative risk judgments for oral health hazards was evident among both the Tanzanian and the Norwegian women investigated. These findings are discussed in the context of implications for oral health education.
A proposed method for assessing the quality of sealants – the CCC Sealant Evaluation System
Authors: Deery Christopher , Fyffe Hazel E. , Nugent Zoann J. , Nuttall Nigel M. , Pitts Nigel B.
Published: September 2010

Abstract – Objectives: The aim of this paper is to introduce the C (colour) C (coverage) C (caries) Sealant Evaluation System and to present results of its use on a sample of adolescent patients in Scotland. Methods: Baseline data are presented from a 3‐year prospective study in general dental practices across Scotland. Subjects were examined under standardised conditions by one trained and calibrated examiner. Results: 78.6% of the subjects had one or more sealed teeth, over half of these sealants being judged inadequate. There was a low prevalence of dentine caries associated with the sealed teeth (2.8%). The CCC sealant Evaluation System proved practical as demonstrated by its use during the project and had substantial intra‐examiner reproducibility. Conclusions: There was a high level of sealant provision; however, this provision may not be optimal in terms of both targeting of provision and sealant maintenance. The CCC sealant Evaluation System appeared to be a useful assessment tool for assessing sealed surfaces.
Oral health and dental care in modern‐day China
Authors: Lin H. C. , Schwarz E.
Published: September 2010

Abstract – The purpose of this paper is to present salient background information on the oral care situation and organization in China and to review epidemiological literature that has been published on adults in Chinese dental journals during the last 20 years as a context for understanding ongoing oral health research activities in China. Searches were conducted through Medline as well as Chinese language catalogues and around 30 Chinese dental journals. Most oral health surveys on adults were conducted after 1970 mainly on residents living in big cities, which are also the location of major medical universities. Surveys conducted among farmers were uncommon. Dental caries and periodontal disease were the major dental diseases studied. Only a few surveys on people’s oral health knowledge, attitudes and behavior were conducted. Papers concerning dental treatment needs and utilization of dental services among adults were scarce. Sample size was usually not a major problem in these surveys but the sampling methods and diagnostic criteria used were often poorly defined. Mean DMFT scores between 2 and 6 were reported in the 35–44‐year‐olds and between 9 and 16 in the elderly younger than 75 years. Calculus and gingivitis were reported to be common in adult Chinese; the proportion of subjects with shallow and deep periodontal pockets was not high. Complete edentulousness in the 60–69‐year‐olds was usually reported to be less than 10%. About 14% of the 35–44‐year‐olds and 19% of the 65–74‐year‐olds did not brush their teeth dailyNote.