bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Bias in Predicting High School Grades: A Knowledge Perspective
Authors: Costa-Mendes Ricardo , Cruz-Jesus Frederico , Oliveira Tiago , Castelli Mauro
Published: October 2021

This study focuses on the machine learning bias when predicting teacher grades. The experimental phase consists of predicting the student grades of 11th and 12thgrade Portuguese high school grades and computing the bias and variance decomposition. In the base implementation, only the academic achievement critical factors are considered. In the second implementation, the preceding year’s grade is appended as an input variable. The machine learning algorithms in use are random forest, support vector machine, and extreme boosting machine. The reasons behind the poor performance of the machine learning algorithms are either the input space poor preciseness or the lack of a sound record of student performance. We introduce the new concept of knowledge bias and a new predictive model classification. Precision education would reduce bias by providing low-bias intensive-knowledge models. To avoid bias, it is not necessary to add knowledge to the input space. Low-bias extensive-knowledge models are achievable simply by appending the student’s earlier performance record to the model. The low-bias intensive-knowledge learning models promoted by precision education are suited to designing new policies and actions toward academic attainments. If the aim is solely prediction, deciding for a low bias knowledge-extensive model can be appropriate and correct. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01298 Full Text: PDF
Music Stimulation as a Method of Optimizing Autobiographical Memory in Patients Diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Pone-Pardo Ariana , Acosta-Rodas Pamela , Cruz-Cárdenas Jorge , Ramos-Galarza Carlos
Published: October 2021

Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, with memory being the most affected. Several studies have shown the benefits of music as a complementary treatment for dementia, improving patients’ quality of life. A scientific contribution is needed to show how autobiographic memory could be improved by using musical activities. Objective: The aim of this investigation is to analyze the impact of a musical stimulation protocol on the performance of autobiographical memory in elderly people suffering from Alzheimer’s. Participants and Method: This research was conducted with three patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease: two females (66.7%), and one male (33.3%). One (33.3%) was in the early stages, and two were in the middle stages. This investigation used a quantitative, pre-experimental, longitudinal study with the application of two tests before and after the intervention. Findings: Changes in the performance of autobiographical memory (t=-5.79, p=0.002), and in the semantic component (t=-10.14, p=0.01) were found to be statistically significant, but no changes were evident for episodic memory (t=-0.19, p=0.86). Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence of the potential effectiveness of using a music protocol to improve the performance of autobiographical memory in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01304 Full Text: PDF
Support Directional Shifting Vector: A Direction Based Machine Learning Classifier
Authors: Kowsher Md. , Hossen Imran , Tahabilder Anik , Prottasha Nusrat Jahan , Habib Kaiser , Azmi Zafril Rizal M.
Published: October 2021

Machine learning models have been very popular nowadays for providing rigorous solutions to complicated real-life problems. There are three main domains named supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement. Supervised learning mainly deals with regression and classification. There exist several types of classification algorithms, and these are based on various bases. The classification performance varies based on the dataset velocity and the algorithm selection. In this article, we have focused on developing a model of angular nature that performs supervised classification. Here, we have used two shifting vectors named Support Direction Vector (SDV) and Support Origin Vector (SOV) to form a linear function. These vectors form a linear function to measure cosine-angle with both the target class data and the non-target class data. Considering target data points, the linear function takes such a position that minimizes its angle with target class data and maximizes its angle with non-target class data. The positional error of the linear function has been modelled as a loss function which is iteratively optimized using the gradient descent algorithm. In order to justify the acceptability of this method, we have implemented this model on three different standard datasets. The model showed comparable accuracy with the existing standard supervised classification algorithm. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01306 Full Text: PDF
Bayesian Approaches for Poisson Distribution Parameter Estimation
Authors: Supharakonsakun Yadpirun
Published: October 2021

The Bayesian approach, a non-classical estimation technique, is very widely used in statistical inference for real world situations. The parameter is considered to be a random variable, and knowledge of the prior distribution is used to update the parameter estimation. Herein, two Bayesian approaches for Poisson parameter estimation by deriving the posterior distribution under the squared error loss or quadratic loss functions are proposed. Their performances were compared with frequentist (maximum likelihood estimator) and Empirical Bayes approaches through Monte Carlo simulations. The mean square error was used as the test criterion for comparing the methods for point estimation; the smallest value indicates the best performing method with the estimated parameter value closest to the true parameter value. Coverage Probabilities (CPs) and average lengths (ALs) were obtained to evaluate the performances of the methods for constructing confidence intervals. The results reveal that the Bayesian approaches were excellent for point estimation when the true parameter value was small (0.5, 1 and 2). In the credible interval comparison, these methods obtained CP values close to the nominal 0.95 confidence level and the smallest ALs for large sample sizes (50 and 100), when the true parameter value was small (0.5, 1 and 2). Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01310 Full Text: PDF
SUDANESE FOREIGN POLICY CHALLENGES IN THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS ON NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: TİRAB Tirab Abbkar
Published: October 2021

The main argument of this paper is that stability in Sudan cannot be achieved within the transitional period without a restructuring of its international relations in a manner that serves the interests of the country. Herein, the challenges in the Sudanese foreign policy were discussed after the recent changes that resulted in a popular revolution that overthrew the regime of Al-Bashir. It also highlighted the impacts of this change on Sudan's national security at both the regional and international level. It was argued that the country’s foreign policy can play a key role within the transitional period in structuring, thus leading a modern Sudanese State that can actively be involved on a local and global scale. The analysis of the current situation confirmed the critical role that the Sudanese foreign policy and diplomacy should play and the urgent need to restructure their functions, approaches, and strategy so that international support and national interests can be realized, thus allowing the transitional period to end successfully and productively. Therefore, the main idea of this study was to analyze the challenges of Sudan’s foreign policy within the transitional period and explore the possibility of its upgrading and reformation to enable a positive and effective contribution to the development and wellbeing of the country.
SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNİN ETKİN YÖNETİLMESİ AÇISINDAN SAĞLIK OKURYAZARLIK DÜZEYİ İLE SAĞLIKLI YAŞAM BİÇİMİ DAVRANIŞI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: BAYDAŞ Abdülvahap , YALMAN Fuat
Published: October 2021

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü verilerine göre bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklar ölümlerin önemli bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Genel olarak bireyler sağlıksız yaşam tarzlarına daha eğilimli oldukları için küresel metabolik sendromun yayılmasındaki artışa neden olmaktadır. Söz konusu ölümlerin azaltılması, bireysel bilinçlenmeye ve sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin geliştirilmesine bağlı bulunmaktadır. Düzce’de ikamet eden 400 kişi ile yüz yüze görüşülerek uygulanan çalışmanın ana amacı, sağlık hizmetlerinin etkin yönetilmesi açısından sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyi ile sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışı arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmektir. Literatürde sağlık okuryazarlık ve sağlıklı yaşam davranışı ile ilgili ayrı ayrı çok çalışma yapılmıştır. Ancak her iki ölçeğin beraber kullanıldığı çalışma sayısı oldukça azdır. Yapılan çalışmaların büyük bir kısmı ise tek değişken (örneğin cinsiyet), tek meslek (örneğin öğrenci) vb. şekillerde yapılmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu açıdan çalışma oldukça orijinal bir yapıya sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Sonuçlara göre, sağlık okuryazarlığının sağlıklı yaşam biçimini bazı boyutlarda yüksek ve bir kısmında ise orta düzeyde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışının ortalama değeri yüksek iken, sağlık okuryazarlık seviyesinin orta seviyede olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Sağlık okuryazarlığı ile sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışı arasında ilişki olduğu, ilişkinin pozitif ve doğrusal olduğu belirlenmiştir. Path analizi ile de sağlık okuryazarlığının, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışını (β=0,804; p
İŞSİZLİK HİSTERİSİ Mİ, DOĞAL İŞSİZLİK ORANI MI? E7 VE G7 ÜLKELERİNDEN YENİ KANITLAR
Authors: ÖZBEK Sefa , TÜRKMEN Sena
Published: October 2021

İşsizlik, ülke ekonomilerinde çözülmesi gereken en temel makroekonomik sorunlar arasında yer almaktadır. Ülke ekonomilerinde meydana gelen şoklar ile işgücü piyasasındaki dalgalanmalar işsizlik üzerinde olumsuz etkilere yol açmaktadır. Artan işsizliğin doğal seviyesine geri dönüp dönmeyeceği konusunda iktisat yazınında iki temel yaklaşım bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki artan işsizliğin uzun dönemde tekrar doğal seviyesine döneceğini ileri süren doğal işsizlik oranı yaklaşımıdır. Diğer yaklaşım ise işsizlik histerisi olarak adlandırılan ve artan işsizlikten geri dönüşün mümkün olmadığını savunan yaklaşımdır. Bu çalışmada 1991-2020 döneminde E7 ülkeleri (Çin, Brezilya, Hindistan, Endonezya, Meksika, Rusya ve Türkiye) ve G7 ülkeleri (Kanada, Fransa, Almanya, İtalya, Japonya, İngiltere ve ABD) için işsizlik histerisi yaklaşımının mı yoksa doğal işsizlik oranının mı geçerli olduğu araştırılmaktadır. Ampirik yöntem olarak Reese ve Westerlund (2016) tarafından geliştirilen PANICCA panel birim kök testi ve yapısal kırılmaları dikkate alan Panel Fourier LM (Nazlıoğlu ve Karul, 2017) birim kök testi tercih edilmektedir. Her iki birim kök testi bulguları da E7 ve G7 ülke gruplarında, işsizlik histerisi yaklaşımının geçerliliğini göstermektedir.
POST-DEMOKRATİK BİR SİYASİ HAREKET OLARAK KORSAN PARTİ
Authors: YİĞİT Murat
Published: October 2021

Neoliberal ekonomi politikaları doğrultusunda yaşanan çok boyutlu dönüşüm, siyasi aktörler ve ekonomik elit arasında bağımlılığa yol açan bir politik düzen inşa etmiştir. Bu şekilde sıradan vatandaşların karar alma mekanizmalarından dışlandığı koşullar ortaya çıkmıştır. Sosyal devletin zayıflaması, toplumun geniş kesimlerinin hoşnutsuzluğuna ve siyasete karşı güvensizliğine yol açmaktadır. Ayrıca seçmenlerin, bu güvensizliğe bağlı olarak seçime katılım oranlarında düşüş gözlemlenmektedir. Geleneksel siyasi parti sistemleri çöküşe sürüklenmektedir. Colin Crouch tarafından “post-demokrasi” olarak tanımlanan bu süreç, yeni siyasi hareketlerin ortaya çıkışına zemin hazırlamıştır. Popülist siyaset aynı zeminde yükselmektedir. Yeni arayışlara yönelen seçmen kitlelerinin siyasete katılım ve örgütlenme biçimlerinde de değişimler olabilmektedir. Yeni politik hareketler arasında özel bir yere sahip olan Korsan Parti, demokrasinin mevcut sorunları ve geleceği hakkında çeşitli iddialara ve önerilere sahiptir. Dijitalleşmeyi hibrid bir siyasal katılım ve temsil için kullanmayı vaad eden Korsan Parti’nin en önemli teklifi akışkan demokrasi modeli olacaktır.
HAMZA-NÂME’NİN 70. CİLDİNDEKİ EKLERDE DUDAK UYUMU
Authors: TELLİ Burak
Published: October 2021

Hamza-nâmeler, Hz. Hamza’nın hayatı etrafında meydana gelmiş, anlatıldığı coğrafyalarda ilgi görmüş kahramanlık hikayeleridir. İslamiyet sonrası Türk destanlarından kabul edilen bu anlatılar, Arap coğrafyasında doğmuş ve İran üzerinden Anadolu’ya ulaşmıştır. Her sözlü anlatıda olduğu gibi tarihî sürecinde birtakım değişimlere uğramış, Anadolu sahasında da bu değişimlere maruz kalmış ve 14. yüzyılda Hamzavî tarafından yazıya aktarılarak bir anlamda kalıcı hale getirilmiştir. Toplam 72 cildinin bulunduğu bilinen Hamza-nâmelerin bugün Anadolu’nun çeşitli kütüphanelerinde pek çok nüshası bulunmaktadır.

Bu çalışmaya konu olan nüsha İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesinde EFKND 2496 demirbaş kayıt numarası ile kayıtlı olan nüshadır. Bu nüsha Hamza-nâme külliyatının 70. cildidir. Söz konusu nüshanın istinsah tarihi müstensihin beyanına göre tam olarak 16 Eylül 1800’dür. Elimizdeki bu nüshada kullanılan ekler dudak uyumu bakımından incelenmiştir. Ekler sürekli düz ünlülü kullanılanlar, sürekli yuvarlak ünlülü kullanılanlar ve hem düz hem yuvarlak ünlülü kullanılanlar olmak üzere ele alınmıştır. Bu anlamda 13 adet sürekli düz ünlülü, 2 adet sürekli yuvarlak ünlülü, 17 adet de hem düz hem yuvarlak ünlülü kullanılan ek tespit edilmiştir. Toplam 32 ekin incelendiği bu çalışmada hiçbir ekin dudak uyumuna tam olarak bağlı olmadığı görülmüştür. İlaveten her ekin incelemesinde söz konusu ekin Eski Türkçe, Eski Anadolu Türkçesi ve 16, 17 ve 18. yüzyıllardaki dudak uyumu durumu verilmiştir.
Conceptualizing Indigenous Cultural Ecosystem Services (ICES) and Benefits under Changing Climate Conditions in the Klamath River Basin and Their Implications for Land Management and Governance
Authors: Mucioki Megan , Sowerwine Jennifer , Sarna-Wojcicki Daniel , Lake Frank K. , Bourque Shawn
Published: October 2021

In the Klamath River Basin (KRB) of northern California and southern Oregon, climate-related changes, such as more intense droughts, varied and concentrated precipitation, earlier spring and later fall conditions, extreme temperatures, and decreased snowpack have contributed to increasingly unpredictable plant reproduction and harvest cycles. In this study, we explore contemporary relationships between plants and Indigenous People in the KRB, identifying benefits of cultural ecosystem services (CES) derived from Indigenous stewarding and gathering of culturally significant plants, and discuss how these services may change based on climate change observations and experiences. This study contributes to the conceptualization of Indigenous Cultural Ecosystem Services (ICES), providing a framework for the incorporation of Indigenous concepts, approaches, and perspectives into assessments of ecosystem services (ES) and, particularly, CES. It highlights the value of Indigenous perspectives and observations of climate change effects on plant reproduction and productivity, as well as their contribution to cultural ecosystem resilience and adaptation under changing climate conditions. We propose that incorporating Indigenous concepts and approaches to assessing CES and ES could lead to more holistic management decisions and better-informed climate adaptation initiatives with greater ES for all.
Crop Diversity Management: Sereer Smallholders' Response to Climatic Variability in Senegal
Authors: Ruggieri Faustine , Porcuna-Ferrer Anna , Gaudin Alexandre , Faye Ndeye Fatou , Reyes-García Victoria , Labeyrie Vanesse
Published: October 2021

Beyond the observation of climatic variations and their impact on livelihoods, farmers' knowledge about climate change can help to understand how rural populations respond to environmental changes and what factors should be considered when planning rural adaptation. This study documents Sereer farmers' observations of local environmental changes in the Fatick region of Senegal and explores how the farmers use crop diversity to adapt to those changes. Their observations of environmental changes were documented through focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. Variations in crop diversity, as well as farmers' explanations for these variations, were assessed through surveys in two villages (n = 126 households). Sereer farmers identify four distinct periods of similar climate trends and reported how they managed crop diversity in response to the climate variations between periods. Three management responses stand out: 1) abandonment of long-cycle varieties during drought periods, 2) adoption of short-cycle varieties during periods with shorter rainy seasons, and 3) reinstating of long-cycle varieties with the return of rains. Sereer farmers consider that climate variations are important reasons to modify their crop varieties, although variety selection is also affected by other socio-economic and cultural reasons. This study illustrates the contributions that local knowledge can bring to understanding the local impact of climate change on smallholder farmers. Understanding how they use crop diversity to adapt to climate variations can be the basis of climate change adaptation policies that address local needs and constraints.
Adaptive Management Strategies of Local Communities in Two Amazonian Floodplain Ecosystems in the Face of Extreme Climate Events
Authors: da Cunha Ávila Julia Vieira , Clement Charles R. , Junqueira André Braga , Ticktin Tamara , Steward Angela May
Published: October 2021

In Amazonia, changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events are occurring and expected to intensify, affecting food security with subsequent social and political problems. We conducted semi-structured interviews in communities of the mid-Solimões River basin (Amazonas, Brazil). Our questions were designed to construct seasonal calendars with residents ( ribeirinhos) to understand climatic patterns and changes in livelihood activities, how traditional management is affected by extreme floods and droughts, and to identify their adaptation strategies in new climatic contexts. We studied three floodplain ( várzea, n = 59 households) and three paleo-floodplain communities, situated 1–3 m higher than the floodplain ( paleovárzea, n = 42 households). We show that these local communities have detailed knowledge of climate patterns and changes, and that they recognize that climatic unpredictability hinders effective planning of subsistence activities because their local knowledge is no longer fully reliable. Extreme climate events have consequences for their farming systems and associated agrobiodiversity, varying according to the degree of exposure of different environments to extreme events. During extreme events, ribeirinhos intensify adaptation strategies, such as avoiding stress to fruit-tree root systems, prioritizing plants that survive flooding, and working in less affected landscapes. Adaptation practices with long histories tend to occur more often in floodplains, and two adaptation practices were specific to floodplains. The impacts of extreme events on local communities are expected to increase, especially in environments more exposed to floods. Local residents suggest the documentation and sharing of adaptation strategies as a way to increase their resilience.
Adaptation Measures to Climate Change as Perceived by Smallholder Farmers in the Andes
Authors: Ballesteros Jennifer , Isaza Carolina
Published: October 2021

Events related to the global effects of climate change (CC) have impacted smallholder farmers from developing countries more severely than any other group. This paper presents the case of Colombian Andean Altiplano farmers who are increasingly exposed to the impacts of a highly variable climate, yet have developed adaptation and coping strategies in their farms to reduce it. Semi-structured and structured interviews were held with 27 smallholders at the beginning and at the end of one year; over this period, two participant-observation sessions were also conducted on each farm. According to smallholders, CC is manifested by a modification in the seasons and the amount and frequency of night frosts, droughts, and rainfall. Smallholders utilized 13 on-farm strategies, the most reported of which were polyculture, water management, and soil conservation. Our research also found a high diversity of crops (47 species and 79 varieties), and mixed smallholder perceptions of these crops to climate variability vulnerability. Notably, most of their important species were vulnerable cash crops. The relevant off-farm strategies were: land tenure, whereby more adaptation strategies were applied by owners than tenants; membership in smallholder associations that promoted shared strategies; and off-farm work to diversify their incomes. Altiplano smallholders are adapting to CC by employing the tools that are available to them; those practices have helped to ensure Colombia's food security, largely without public institutional and private sector participation.
Efficacy of flaxseed protein-based edible coatings on the quality of whole guava (Psidium guajava) during storage
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Saini Charanjiv Singh
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of flaxseed protein isolate coating solutions (FPC1 & FPC2) comprising of flaxseed protein (3% w v-1 and 5% w v-1) enriched with 20% glycerol (on a protein isolate basis), tween-40 (20% w v-1) and 20% guar gum on the quality attributes of guava fruit stored under the controlled conditions of 65% RH and 20℃ temperature. The use of edible coatings notably delayed the spoilage of guava, which was examined by studying the quality parameters associated with the ripening of whole guavas. There was retardation of oxidative browning, polyphenol contents and reduction in ascorbic acid content as compared to control samples. Moreover, coating treatments predominately decrease the total plate counts, reflected in the Colony-forming unit (CFU g-1) and significantly (p < 0.05) decrease the water loss. The non-coated samples of guavas showed a consistent reduction in lightness (L*) values when confronted with coated fruits. Sensory scores for taste, colour, texture, flavour and overall acceptability were higher for all the coated samples than control (non-coated) samples of guavas. Thus, the flaxseed protein isolate-based coatings have shown the potential in protecting the quality attributes of guavas and enhance the shelf life up to 16 days.
Effect of blueberries addition during beer maturation on yeast metabolism
Authors: Georgieva Rada , Nedyalkov Petar , Shopska Vesela Nevelinova , Kaneva Maria
Published: October 2021

In recent years, there has been a significant interest in beverages with increased biological value, such as beer with blueberries. In this study, blueberries were added at the beginning of maturation of lager beer with an initial extract of 12, 14 and 16ºP. The effect of blueberries addition on yeast metabolism was investigated as concentration of ethanol, higher alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and vicinal diketones in the final beer were measured and compared to control samples without blueberries. The results showed that blueberries affected positively ethanol formation only when wort with initial extract of 12°P was used and had no significant effect when wort with higher extract was used. In regard to secondary metabolites, blueberries addition led to a decrease in higher alcohols concentration and an increase in esters amounts. All the carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and vicinal diketones) were higher in beer with blueberries.
Comparative assessment, optimization and characterization of bioactive constituents from Amaranthus species: An indigenous lesser-known vegetables of India
Authors: Chikane Tejashree , Patil Sonal , Bhushette Pravin , Sonawane Sachin Kalidas
Published: October 2021

Amaranthus Tricolor L. (red amaranth) and Amaranthus Viridis (Green amaranth) are Amaranthaceae members, widely cultivated in Asia and consumed as a leafy vegetable in many parts of the world. This study deal with the nutritional and functional, and biochemical characterization of A. Tricolor and A. viridis . Single-factor experiments and Box Behnken Design (BBD) were used to optimize the extraction process for the phenolic compound from A. Tricolor and A. viridis . The BBD shows that 11.87mg/g phenolic extract of A. Tricolor produced at the optimal condition of solid to water ratio (1:15), temperature (30°C), and time (15 min). Similarly, A. viridis  isolated 18.36mg/g of phenolics at optimal condition solid to liquid ratio (1:30), temperature (30°C), and time (60 min). The radical scavenging activity of A. Tricolor and A. viridis  shows 63.52% and 19.27%, respectively, by the DPPH method. The bioactive compounds 3,4,5-Trihydroxystilbene and caffeic acid were found in A. Tricolor, and in A. viridis it showed caffeic acid, which was identified using LC-MS/MS.
Effect of process parameters of mashing on consumer properties and processability of polymalt extracts production process
Authors: Mikulinich Marina Leonidovna , Azarenok Natalya Yurevna , Bolotova Polina Vitalievna
Published: October 2021

The development of the technology of viscous polymalt extracts using bare-grained oats will provide the population with a functional food ingredient and products with specified consumer properties. Existing techniques for the production of extracts did not affect the study of temperature conditions and the duration of the process at the mashing stage, using bare-grained oats in its composition. Crops of Belarusian breeding were used as raw materials: barley (H. vulgare), bare-grained oats (A. sativa), wheat (Tr. aestivum) grain. Optimization of parameters in the production of polymalt wort based on barley, oat and wheat malt was carried out by regression analysis and weight coefficients. Dependencies of physico-chemical indices of oat-malt and polymalt worts on temperature and duration of mashing are established. These dependencies predict content of dry substances, maltose, amine nitrogen, protein and acidity in the process of production of worts. Optimal technological parameters were selected at the stage of barley-wheat-oat polymalt wort mashing, which made it possible to increase the dry substances by 12.5%, maltose – by 21.3%, protein – by 16.2% and filtration rate – by 25.0%. The maximum solid content 14.4%, maltose 11.4 g·(100·сm-3)-1, protein 1.22%, in polymalt wort achieved under the following modes: (3 ±1)°C for 30 minutes, (44±1)°C for 50 minutes, (53±1)°C for 60 minutes, (63±1)°C for 50 minutes, (72±1)°C for 20 minutes and (78±1)°C for 60 minutes.
Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of garlic (Allium sativum), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and mint (Mentha piperta) on Escherichia coli biofilms
Authors: Haindongo Ndaindila , Anyogu Amara , Ekwebelem Osmond , Anumudu Christian , Onyeaka Helen
Published: October 2021

Biofilms are a significant concern in the food industry because of their potential to enhance bacterial survival and cause foodborne outbreaks. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is among the leading pathogens responsible for foodborne outbreaks and this can be attributed to its ability to form biofilms in food containers and food preparatory surfaces. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of garlic, ginger and mint and their potential to inhibit E.coli and biofilm formation. Disc diffusion assays and 96-well plate crystal violet-based methods were used to achieve these objectives. The plant extracts were diluted from 1 mg/ml to 0.1 mg/ml and incubated 25°C and 37°C to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects on E. coli. The findings of this study showed that low temperatures induced the formation of E. coli biofilms and all tested extracts contain a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. This study provided new insights on the combined antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of garlic, ginger and mint against planktonic cells and biofilms of E. coli MG 1655 and highlight the potential use of these extracts in the food industry to prevent biofilm formation by E. coli.
Development and evaluation of low-fat ready-made dishes prepared by the sous vide process from hybrid sorubim fillets by using different treatments
Authors: Cavenaghi-Altemio Angela Dulce , Da Silva Tais Cardoso , Merlo Thais Cardoso , Fonseca Gustavo Graciano
Published: October 2021

The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate ready-made dishes of hybrid sorubim fish fillets obtained by the sous vide process. Three treatments were investigated: T1 with brine containing fine-herbs, T2 with brine containing fine-herbs, olive oil, and rosemary; and T3 with the same brine as in T1 but added of 30% of tomato sauce. Results showed the protein content increased according to the type of liquid medium employed, where the lowest value was determined for T1 and the highest value for T3. The sous vide process did not influence the lipid and protein contents of the treatments, be by the addition of olive oil (T2) nor by tomato sauce (T3). Treatments differed for all sensory attributes and presented acceptability indexes above 78.66%. indicating that they are good alternatives for fish consumption. However, T1 had the highest percentage of purchase intention (97.23%), representing the best product for commercialization.
Evaluating the Flour Properties under Different Levels of Particle Size Distribution and Fine Bran Content
Authors: Ahmed Zeyad A. , Alhendi Abeer S. , Hussein Mohammed S. , Abed Shaimaa A. , Alsallami Rana T.
Published: October 2021

The main objective of this study was to determine the changes in the rheological characteristics of the flour produced by the industry mill Buhler AG 600 ton/day through adding big particles of flour, semolina, and fine bran (FB) to the produced flour. The study was conducted on mixed wheat grains (80% Iraqi wheat and 20% American Red wheat). After changing the directions of some pipes in the milling section, the flours were tested, and the effect of having bigger particles in the product was measured. The results showed that the flour extraction rate, moisture content, ash, and protein were increased as the flour particle size was increased. Farinograph results explained a clear effect of big particles and fine bran on increasing the water absorption, however, the dough stability was decreased mostly insignificantly. Extensiograph results showed that there was no big difference between the control flour and other produced flour. Therefore, the changes of the mill pipes could increase the flour extraction rate and reduce the pressure on the mill rolls without significant differences in the rheological properties of the produced flour.
Psilocybin for End-of-Life Anxiety Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yu Chia-Ling , Yang Fu-Chi , Yang Szu-Nian , Tseng Ping-Tao , Stubbs Brendon , Yeh Ta-Chuan , Hsu Chih-Wei , Li Dian-Jeng , Liang Chih-Sung
Published: October 2021

Objective To systematically examine the effectiveness and tolerability of psilocybin for treating end-of-life anxiety symptoms.Methods The Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO databases were searched up to November 25, 2020. We enrolled clinical trials investigating psilocybin for treating end-of-life anxiety symptoms. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects model.Results Overall, five studies were included, revealing that psilocybin was superior to the placebo in treating state anxiety at 1 day (Hedges’ g, -0.70; 95% confidence interval, -1.01 to -0.39) and 2 weeks (-1.03; -1.47 to -0.60) after treatment. Psilocybin was more effective than placebo in treating trait anxiety at 1 day (-0.71; -1.15 to -0.26), 2 weeks (-1.08; -1.80 to -0.36), and 6 months (-0.84; -1.37 to -0.30) after treatment. Psilocybin was associated with transient elevation in systolic (19.00; 13.58–24.41 mm Hg) and diastolic (8.66; 5.18–12.15 mm Hg) blood pressure compared with placebo. The differences between psilocybin and placebo groups with regard to allcause discontinuation, serious adverse events, and heart rates were nonsignificant.Conclusion Psilocybin-assisted therapy could ameliorate end-of-life anxiety symptoms without serious adverse events. Because of the small sample sizes of the included studies and high heterogeneity on long-term outcomes, future randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes are needed.
Anesthetic Management in Patient with Suspected Brain Abscess, Atrium Septal Defect, and Eisenmenger Syndrome
Authors:   Padjajaran University, Indonesia, Azhari Galantry Ahmad , Rismawan Budiana
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Patients with congenital heart disease especially with systemic shunting between systemic and pulmonary circulation often develop pulmonary hypertension and left-to-right shunt (Eisenmenger syndrome) if left untreated. These patients are at risk of developing spontaneous brain abscess due to brain infarction caused by polycythemia, impaired immune function, and loss of lung phagocytosis. Such patients were often admitted to the emergency room with signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), and needed specific consideration during surgery. Case: a 31-year old female diagnosed with intracranial space occupying lesion (SOL) due to suspected brain abscess with concurrent heart defects (atrial septal defect / ASD and Eisenmenger syndrome) was consulted to the operating theatre for emergency burrhole aspiration. The surgery was performed for an hour and the postoperatively the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Conclusion: perioperative management of patients with brain abscess and concurrent ASD and Eisenmenger syndrome consists of preoperative management, methods of anesthesia, monitoring, and interventions to prevent the worsening of left-to-right shunt and increasing intracranial pressure. These managements consist of optimal pain management, perioperative oxygen therapy, and prevention of precipitating factor that increases left-to-right shunting.
PROFITABILITAS DAN EVALUASI KINERJA PRODUK AGROINDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA GULA KELAPA KECAMATAN LAIS KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA PROVINSI BENGKULU
Authors: Fitri Efa Yulita , Nusril Nusril , Reswita Reswita
Published: October 2021

In the Home Industry of coconut sugar, the cost and profit calculation is still conventional. Profit calculation is needed in order to get the maximum profit of the business. The company's profit is related to cost, sales volume and selling price. One of the analytical tools that can be used is Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis. Profitability is a benchmark of the company's performance to generating the net income. The research aim to analyze the income, breakeven point, profitability ability and sensitivity, also analysing consumer perception about attribute level of importance and satisfaction of coconut sugar product in Dusun Hibrida, Pal 30 Village, Lais District, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province. From sales of coconut sugar products amounted to Rp.60.183,47 per production. Which the profitability of coconut sugar products is 46%. If product performance exceeds the consumer expectations, they will feel satisfied. Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) is used to maping the relationship between importance and performance of each product attribute. The most important attributes and have good performance related to consumers is coconut sugar hygiene, taste, and food / beverages, coconut sugar color, durability, ease of accessing the product,  and coconut sugar solubility, that’s attributes need to be maintained.
PREFERENSI PETANI DALAM MENGHADAPI RISIKO PRODUKSI CABAI MERAH KERITING DI KABUPATEN CIANJUR
Authors: Wibisonya Irawan , Fariyanti Anna , Jahroh Siti
Published: October 2021

One indication of the risk is fluctuations in production yield. Chili as a superior competitor is the most vulnerable to fluctuations in production. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the risk of production and farmers' policies on the risk of production. This research used purposive sampling with 66 farmers sampel size. This research used Just and Pop models which were analyzed using regression analysis and analysis of farmer relationships with utility function models. The results reflected that land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and labor can increase the yield of chili. While the area of land, seeds, fertilizers, labor and planting seasons can increase the risk of chili production. Most farmers have risk takers compared to the potential for chili production.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED CROPPING CALENDAR ON LOWLAND RICE FARMING IN BENGKULU CITY
Authors: Yuliarso Muhammad Zulkarnain , Windirah Nola , Widono Septri
Published: October 2021

Bengkulu Province has rice productivity that is able to keep up with Lampung and West Sumatra (Top Five in production and on top three in land ownership throughout Sumatra), although rice farmland ownership is relatively low (less than 0.8 hectares) ). The climate change issue in the last two decades has impacted a significant decrease in rice production in Bengkulu Province. The government offers the Cropping Calendar (Katam) program, a technology that is able to provide a various information related to the croping such as the prediction of the beginning of the rainy season, the beginning of the cropping season, cropping patterns, potential cropping area and others to overcome these problems and the City of Bengkulu has begun to implement the program. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of application of integrated Cropping calendar by lowland rice farmers in Bengkulu City and analyze the correlation between internal and external factors of farmers with the level of Cropping calendar application. The basic method of this research is explanatory with a combined approach (quantitative and qualitative). The results showed that the level of application of integrated cropping calendar innovations in rice farmers was low. Farming experience, knowledge about cropping calendar, communication behavior, and social strengthening are significantly related to the level of application of cropping calendar innovation in rice farmers.
Artikel Hak dan Kewajiban Triana Devi Fatimah
Authors: FATIMAH TRIANA DEVI
Published: October 2021

Pelayanan kesehatan merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat, dan merupakan hak masyarakat dalam mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan yang baik. Negara mempunyai kewajiban dalam memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945, serta Peraturan Perundang-Undangan yang mendukung yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 25 tentang Pelayanan Publik, Undang-Undang Nomor 36 tahun 2009 tentang kesehatan, Undang-Undang Nomor 44 tahun 2009 Tentang Rumah Sakit, dan Undang-Undang 37 Tahun 2008 tentang Ombudsman Republik Indonesia. Dalam penyelenggraannya, pelayanan kesehatan yang merupakan bagian dari pelayanan publik tidak berjalan mulus. Terdapat keluhan-keluhan yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat mengenai pelayanan yang diberikan oleh rumah sakit sebagai instansi penyelenggara. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 menjamin hak untuk mendapatkan lingkungan hidup yang baik, sehat serta berhak memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan. Negara memiliki peran dalam melakukan upaya kesehatan yang tersusun. Negara memiliki peran dalam melakukan upaya kesehatan secara tersusun, menyeluruh dan merata yang penting artinya bagi pembentukan sumber daya manusia Indonesia, peningkatan ketahanan, daya saing bangsa, serta ketahanan nasional. Dalam menciptakan perkembangan kesehatan untuk kesejahteraan, maka diperlukan tenaga kesehatan yaitu setiap orang yang mengabadikan diri dalam bidang kesehatan serta memiliki pengetahuan atau memiliki keterampilan melalui pendidikan dibilang kesehatan untuk jenis tertentu memerlukan kewenangan untuk melakukan upaya kesehatan. Dokter merupakan tenaga kesehatan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 2 ayat (2) sampai dengan ayat (8) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 32 Tahun 1996 tentang Tenaga Kesehatan.
Invent.19421051.Sister.Tugas2
Authors: HattaTambunan
Published: October 2021

Invent.19421051.Sister.tugas2
2201790065 - Muhammadi Ariqo Adiyatomo (Assignment 2)
Authors: Adiyatomo Muhammadi Ariqo
Published: October 2021

Pada umumnya, tujuan dari dibangunnya bisnis dan perusahaan adalah untuk mengoptimalkan nilai pemegang saham. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, perusahaan harus memiliki kinerja yang baik, karena kinerja mencerminkan kemampuan perusahaan dalam mengalokasikan sumber dayanya (Rai, 2008). Pengukuran kinerja dari suatu bisnis tidak cukup hanya dengan mengukur indikator keuangannya saja sebagai keuntungan, tetapi juga meliputi pengukuran nonkeuangan seperti kualitas layanan, kepuasan pelanggan, serta efektivitas program kerja (Kotane dalam Lasmy, 2019).
Hak dan Kewajiban Apoteker Terhadap Pasien atau Konsumen Menurut Hukum Kesehatan
Authors: Widhiastuti Tiara Puspitasari
Published: October 2021

Apoteker adalah Sarjana Farmasi yang telah lulus, dan telah mengucapkan sumpah/janji (PP 51, 2009 ; Permenkes RI, 2014). Apoteker merupakan salah satu profesi di bidang kesehatan, yang memiliki kemampuan yang lebih memumpuni terkait obat-obatan. Dalam menjalankan profesinya, apoteker melakukan praktek kefarmasian untuk menjamin mutu, keamanan dan kemanfaatan sediaan farmasi dan alat kesehatan yang beredar luas di masyarakat, sehingga taraf kehidupan dan kualitas hidup pasien terjamin. Hubungan antara Apoteker dan Pasien dilandasi oleh kepercayaan, tanggung jawab dan pemenuhan hak serta kewajiban, sehingga terbentuknya hukum dalam sebuah perjanjian dari dua belah pihak. Dalam melaksanakan hak dan kewajibannya, apoteker harus memenuhinya dengan iktikad baik dan penuh tanggung jawab. Jika apoteker tidak memenuhi kewajiban itu, menjadi alasan baginya untuk dituntut secara hukum untuk mengganti segala kerugian yang timbul sehubungan dengan tidak dipenuhinya kewajiban itu secara hukum atas kesalahan atau kelalaiannya dalam menjalankan kewajibannya.
Perekonomian dua sektor
Authors: fadilah Usnul
Published: October 2021

Makalah perekonomian dua sektor
VAKSINASI COVID-19 SEBAGAI HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN WARGA NEGARA INDONESIA
Authors: Yusnita Ellyana
Published: October 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 menimbulkan status kedaruratan Indonesia. Melalui keputusan presiden Nomor 11 Tahun 2020, Indonesia telah mengumumkan status kedaruratan kesehatan. Berbagai upaya dilakukan dalam rangka mengatasi dampak pandemic covid-19. Salah satunya adalah upaya vaksinasi. Namun masyarakat muncul pro kontra terkait vaksinasi tersebut. Banyak masyarakat yang menolak untuk melakukan vaksin. Maka dari itu artikel ini akan membahas apakah masyarakat yang menolak vaksin akan dikenakan sanksi pidana.
Pola Asuh Orang Tua Dengan Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Purniawati Dwi
Published: October 2021

Dalam perkembangan anak,orangtua memiliki pola asuh tersendiri dalam mendidik anak.Perkembangan berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan dalam meraih cita-cita dan Kesehatan anak,sehingga orangtua akan berusaha sekuat tenaga untuk mencapainya.Hal tersebut berlaku pula terhadap anak.Termasuk memberi perhatian dan tanggung jawab,serta pemenuhan terhadap kebutuhan anak,baik fisik maupun nonfisik, kasih sayang dan perlindungan terhadap anaknya.Pola asuh yang dimaksud dapat direfleksikan dalam bentuk perlakuan fisik maupun psikis terhadap anak.Hal ini tercermin dari tutur kata,sikap,dan perilaku.Pola asuh orang tua dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:Pola asuh demokratis orang tua terhadap anaknya ditandai dengan ikut terlibatnya orang tua dalam membagi waktu belajar dan bermain anak tanpa harus memaksa pada anak,menegur dan menanyakan sebab sebabnya bila anak tidak belajar,selalu memperhatikan kebutuhan sekolah anak,meluangkan waktu untuk berdiskusi dengan anak,melatih anak untuk bertanggung jawab saat melakukan kesalahan.Pola asuh otorier yang dilakukan oleh orang tua ditandai dengan ketatnya orang tua dalam membagi waktu belajar dan bermain anak,memarahi anak dan mencaci maki bila anak tidak belajar,tidak terlalu memperhatikan kebutuhan sekolah anak,jarang meluangkan waktu untuk berdiskusi dengan anak,tidak melatih anak untuk bertanggungjawab atas kesalahannya.Pola asuh permisif yang dilakukan oleh orang tua ditandai dengan membiasakan anak membagi waktu belajar,tidak menegur saat anak tidak belajar.membiarkan anak sekalipun melakukan kesalahan.
Pelaksanaan vaksinasi covid-19 di Indonesia : hak atau kewajiban warga negara
Authors: Dadu Fridolin Dapa , Sodik Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2021

PandemiCovid-19menimbulkanstatuskedaruratandiIndonesia.MelaluiKeputusanPresidenNomor11Tahun2020,Indonesiatelahmengumumkanstatuskedaruratankesehatan.BerbagaiupayadilakukandalamrangkamengatasidampakpandemiCovid-19.Salahsatunyaadalahupayavaksinasi.Namun,dimasyarakattimbulprokontraterkaitvaksinasitersebut.Sejumlahkalanganmasyarakatmenolakuntukdivaksin.Olehsebabitu,artikeliniakanmenjelaskanapakahvaksinasimerupakanhakataukewajibanbagimasyarakatdanapakahpenolakvaksindapatdikenakansanksipidana.Penelitianiniadalahpenelitianhukumdengantipedoctrinalresearchsertamenggunakanpendekatankonseptualdanpendekatanperaturanperundang-undangan.Hasilpenelitianmenunjukkanbahwavaksinasiyangpadamulanyaadalahhaksetiaporang,dapatmenjadisuatukewajibanmengingatsituasikedaruratandiIndonesiasaatini.Halinikarenaseseorangyangtidakdivaksinberpotensiuntukmenularkanbahkanmembunuhoranglain.Adapunmengenaipemidanaan,haltersebutseyogyanyamenjadiultimumremedium,apabilapranata-pranatalainnyasepertimetodepersuasif,sosialisasibahkansanksiadministrasiterkaitvaksinasisudahtidakdapatberfungsisedangkankondisikedaruratankesehatandiIndonesiasemakinmemburuk.
Assessing Processes of Change in Psychological Interventions: The Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT)
Authors: Ciarrochi Joseph , Hayes Steven C. , Hofmann Stefan G. , Sahdra Baljinder K.
Published: October 2021

The “protocols for syndromes” approach to evidence-based psychological intervention has failed the test of scientific progressivity. Process-based therapy provides an alternative model that is focused on treatment elements that target biopsychosocial processes of relevance to individual treatment goals. That shift in focus requires new, more integrative and idionomic models that identify key processes of change, using high temporal density measurement applied at the level of the person. Standard measurement validation approaches are inadequate to this challenge. The present study develops and provides a preliminary validation of a process-based assessment tool (PBAT) -- an item pool meant for intensive longitudinal clinical assessment. Developed using the Extended-Evolutionary Meta-Model of PBT and evaluated using an evolutionary algorithm appropriate for the evaluation of individual items, we administered the PBAT online to a representative sample of 598 participants (290 male; 302 female; 6 unidentified. Mage = 32.6). Analyses revealed that the PBAT distinguishes between positive and negative processes, links in theoretically coherent ways to need satisfaction and thwarting, and links to clinically relevant outcomes of sadness, anger, anxiety, stress, lack of social support, vitality, and health. The PBAT provides a beginning step towards developing a process-based tool that allows clinicians and researchers to select individual items or sets of items for individual-focused idionomic research and practice.