bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic performance of ultrasonic S-Detect technology in the diagnosis of BI-RADS-4 breast nodules smaller and larger than 20 mm
Authors: Xing Boyuan , Gu Chen , Fu Chenghui , Zhang Bingyi , Tan Yandi
Published: December 2023

Background: We aimed to explore the value of ultrasonic S-Detect in the differential diagnosis of Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4 breast nodules smaller and larger than 20 mm.
Methods: Between November 2020 and November 2022, a total of 382 breast nodules in 312 patients were classified as BI-RADS-4 by conventional ultrasound. Using pathology results as the gold standard, we applied receiver operator characteristics (ROC), sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), accuracy (ACC), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) to analyze the diagnostic value of BI-RADS, S-Detect, and the two techniques in combination (Co-Detect) in the diagnosis of BI-RADS 4 breast nodules smaller and larger than 20 mm.
Results: There were 382 BI-RADS-4 nodules, of which 151 were pathologically confirmed as malignant, and 231 as benign. In lesions ≤ 20 mm, the SE, SP, ACC, PPV, NPV, area under the curve (AUC) of the BI-RADS group were 77.27%, 89.73%, 85.71%, 78.16%, 89.25%, 0.835, respectively. SE, SP, ACC, PPV, NPV, AUC of the S-Detect group were 95.05%, 78.92%, 83.15%, 67.50%, 95.42%, 0.855, respectively. SE, SP, ACC, PPV, NPV, AUC of the Co-Detect group were 89.77%, 93.51%, 92.31%, 86.81%, 95.05%, 0.916, respectively. The difference of SE, ACC, NPV, AUC between the BI-RADS group and the Co-Detect group was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In lesions > 20 mm, SE, SP, ACC, PPV, NPV, AUC of the BI-RADS group were 88.99%, 89.13%, 88.99%, 91.80%, 85.42%, 0.890, respectively. SE, SP, ACC, PPV, NPV, AUC of the S-Detect group were 98.41%, 69.57%, 86.24%, 81.58%, 96.97%, 0.840, respectively. SE, SP, ACC, PPV, NPV, AUC of the Co-Detect group were 98.41%, 91.30%, 95.41%, 93.94%, 97.67%, 0.949 respectively. The difference in AUC between the BI-RADS group and the Co-Detect group was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: S-Detect combined with BI-RADS is highly effective in the differential diagnosis of BI-RADS 4 breast nodules smaller and larger than 20 mm. However, being especially effective for lesions ≤ 20 mm, S-Detect combined with BI-RADS allows to reduce a number of unnecessary biopsies.
Clinical Outcomes of a Novel Technique for Treatment of Oroantral Fistulas: A 3 year Retrospective Study
Authors: Khalil Ali
Published: December 2023

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the fistula mucosal debridement technique in the treatment of small oroantral fistulas with a diameter of ≤ 3 mm.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study was carried out on patients who had reported to department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at Almanara University, Latakia, Syria, between September 2019 and September 2022. The sample consisted of patients who had small oroantral fistulas that were treated by the fistula mucosal debridement technique.
Results
The results of this study revealed that the overall healed rate for all oroantral fistulas was 75%. Out of the total number of cases, five fistulas (25%) achieved complete closure after the second debridement, while ten fistulas (50%) demonstrated healing after the third debridement
Conclusion
The use of the oral mucosal debridement method led to complete closure of the fistula opening (healing) in 75% of oroantral fistula cases after the third debridement in this study. This method is simple, easy to apply and does not require surgery or the use of any other materials to close small oroantral fistulas with a diameter of the fistula opening ≤ 3 mm.
Economic Values of Traits in the Breeding Goals Defined by Different Dairy Goat Breeders’ Associations in Kenya
Authors: Waineina Ruth , Ngeno Kiplangat , Ilatsia Evans Deiya , Otieno Tobias Okeno
Published: December 2023

The current study aimed at development of breeding objectives and estimation of the economic values for traits of economic importance to various dairy goat breeders associations. This was achieved through the development of a bio-economic model to derive economic values for the selected traits. The input and output parameters used represented the average performance of Saanen, Toggenburg and Alpine breeds. The gross margin was estimated using the R software. Economic values for milk yield (MY, kg), pre-weaning survival rate (PrSr, %), post-weaning survival rate, (PoSR, %), doe survival rate, (DoSR, %), and kidding rate, (Kr, %) were estimated based on fixed flock size and fixed feed resources scenarios. The findings indicate varied gross margin across the breed associations; Saanen (KES 13,656.27), Toggenburg (KES 8,018.53) and Alpine (KES -129.96). In both scenarios, the economic values in selected traits were positive for the three breeds except for milk yield in Alpine, which was negative in both fixed flock and fixed feed resources. The positive economic values of selected traits indicated a unit increase in genetic merit of these traits. The developed bio-economic model was able to estimate the gross margin of Nyanza Dairy Goat Breeders Association (NDGA), Meru Dairy Goat Breeders Association (MDGA) and Dairy Goat Association of Kenya (DGAK) represented by Saanen, Toggenburg and Alpine breeds, respectively, reared under semi-intensive production system. The study offers an opportunity to evaluate genetic and economic merit of alternative strategies for dairy goats reared in semi-intensive production systems managed by various dairy goat breeders associations.
Homogeneous Domination-based Composite Adaptive Control Strategy for Perturbed Chain of Integrators with Mismatched Disturbances
Authors: Xu Xingchen , Zeng Zhigang
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a composite adaptive control law by utilizing the homogeneous domination-based and the disturbance observer-based method is designed to stabilize a class of perturbed nonlinear systems. Inspired by the design of homogeneous domination-based approach and adaptive control algorithm with its identification of the uncertain parameters, a series of virtual controllers are elaborately designed in recursive procedures to counteract system nonlinearities and parameter perturbations. Meanwhile, the mismatched disturbances which exist in channels of states, are compensated in a recursive way via a disturbance estimation and compensation method with the recognized parameters. Both the design framework and stability analysis provide a comprehensive idea in practical implementations. Comparative numerical simulation results of a robot arm system verify performances of the proposed method with respect to several investigations.
Biomechanical Analysis of Adjacent Segments after Correction Surgery for Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Wang Dong-hai , Wu Dan-ni , Xin Da-qi , Shi Qin , Wang Wen-xuan , Xing Wen-hua , Yang Hui-lin
Published: December 2023

Background
The biomechanical aspects of adjacent segment degeneration after adult idiopathic scoliosis correction surgery involving postoperative changes in motion and stress of adjacent segments have yet to be investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effects of correction surgery on adjacent segments in adult idiopathic scoliosis by finite element analysis.
Methods
Based on computed tomography data of the consecutive spine from T1–S1 of a 28-year-old male patient with adult idiopathic scoliosis, a three-dimensional finite element model was established to simulate the biomechanics. Two posterior long-segment fixation and fusion operations were designed: Strategy A, pedicle screws implanted in all segments of both sides, and Strategy B, alternate screws instrumentation on both sides. The range of motion, maximum von Mises stress of intervertebral disc, and von Mises stress of the facet joint at the fixation adjacent segment were calculated and compared with data of the preoperative AdIS model.
Results
Correction surgery decreased the stress on the adjacent intervertebral disc, increased stress on the adjacent facet joint, and decreased range of motion of the adjacent segments. A greater decrease of maximum von Mises stress was observed on the distal adjacent segment compared with the proximal adjacent segment. The decrease of maximum von Mises stress and increment of maximum von Mises stress on adjacent facet joints in strategy B was greater than that in strategy A. Under the six operation modes, the change of the maximum von Mises stress on the adjacent intervertebral disc and facet joint was significant. The decrease in range of motion in the proximal adjacent segment was greater than that of the distal adjacent segment, and the decrease of range of motion in strategy A was greater than that in strategy B.
Conclusions
This study clarified the biomechanical characteristics of adjacent segments after adult idiopathic scoliosis correction surgery, and further biomechanical analysis of two different posterior pedicle screw placement schemes by finite element method. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of adjacent segment degeneration after correction surgery for adult idiopathic scoliosis.
Development of Prediction Model for Structural Behavior and Gradation of Porous Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Lokesh Yateen , Parate Harshad R , M Rajashekhar Swamy H , Ali Humaira
Published: December 2023

This study is aimed at developing a prediction model for structural behavior of Porous Asphalt Pavement (PAP) using ABAQUS and also developing ANN model to predict void percentages in Porous Asphalt gradation mixes. Data from the past literature was used to analyze various mixing parameters affecting the properties of Porous Asphalt gradation mix. PAP was analyzed using KENPAVE software and the results revealed that lesser number of allowable repetitions to fatigue and rutting failures were observed for lesser Porous Asphalt Concrete (PAC) layer thicknesses. Nature of subgrade material was found to influence the rutting performance of PAP with clayey soils showing 77.74% reduction in design life of pavement as compared to gravelly soil subgrade. Higher contact pressures resulted in higher tensile stresses at the bottom of PAC layer which in turn reduced the fatigue life of PAP. Results from ABAQUS revealed that increase in void percentage in PAC mix resulted in significant increase in horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of PAC layer by 12.3% and increased tensile strain for 28% void in total mix than for 16% voids. Thus, leading to 92.8% reduction in allowable load repetitions to fatigue failure. Also, increased void percentage led to decrease in vertical stress and deflection in PAP but no significant effect on allowable repetitions to rutting failure was found. Asphalt Pavement mixes were also compiled to develop ANN prediction model. The results indicate good conformity between predicted and actual data with mean square error of 0.109 and coefficient of correlation as 0.994.
Finite element modeling and comparative mechanical analysis of cervical facet joints in humans and macaques
Authors: Zhao Jing , Lv Yuan , Shi Jun , Yang Yang , Hao Yunteng , Zhang Shaojie , Ma Yuan , Li Kun , Li Zhijun , Zhang Yuanzhi , Wang Xing
Published: December 2023

Purpose
To establish a finite element model of the adult cervical spine and the adult macaque cervical spine and to compare the stress and displacement changes between the two under six working conditions through finite element analysis around the stress characteristics of the facet joint, to provide a theoretical basis for clinical vertebral body replacement.
Methods
One 40-year-old adult volunteer and one 7-year-old adult male macaque were selected and subjected to spiral CT thin-layer scans, respectively. Moreover, the original cervical spine CT data were imported into Mimics 21.0 to establish a three-dimensional model. The models of cervical spine segments, discs, and ligaments were optimized, assigned, and assembled to organize the mesh. Finally, using Abaqus, the cervical spine finite element model was loaded with 75 N additional load and 1 N-m external dip moment. To discover the mechanical trends and differences by conducting the automated comparison analysis under six working conditions of anterior flexion, posterior extension, left and right lateral flexion, and left and proper rotation.
Results
Both human and macaque cervical vertebrae have cervical facet joints. Furthermore, finite element modeling comparison revealed that the uncovertebral joints' stress and displacement changes were generally consistent between the two. The stress and displacement concentrations were all at C6. There was a significant difference between the human and the macaque.
Conclusions
Macaques can be the best alternative animal model for clinical studies of the cervical spine, providing a theoretical basis for clinical cervical vertebral body replacement and other aspects.
Dual-Route Administration of Umbilical Cord MSC- Exosomes Mitigates LPS-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice
Authors: YANG Luyu , Gao Qing , Cao Zhimin , Yang Can , Zhang Li , Pan Yuanming , Zhao Hong , Ma Teng , Ye Huan
Published: December 2023

Background: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a complex syndrome characterized by acute diffuse lung injury and progressive respiratory failure, caused by various intra- and extra-pulmonary factors. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the incidence of ARDS, posing a tremendous threat to human health due to its high mortality rate and lack of effective therapeutic drugs. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exo) have been considered a new hope for the treatment of ARDS due to their potent immunomodulatory characteristics. Although multiple studies have demonstrated their efficacy and safety, the differential therapeutic effects of various administration routes and doses remain unclear.
This study aimed to investigate the optimal administration route and dosage of MSC-exo for ARDS treatment, with the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits and providing valuable clinical insights.
Methods: In this study, we aim to establish an ARDS disease model in male C57/BL6 mice and administer exosomes of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells through inhalation, tail vein injection, and dual route administration (inhalation combined with tail vein injection). After perfusing LPS into the trachea for 24 hours, we monitored respiratory function, pulmonary oxygen saturation, lung tissue pathology, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood.
Results: Compared with single route administration via inhalation or tail vein injection, dual-route administration significantly improved the respiratory function of ARDS mice, increased blood oxygen saturation, alleviated LPS-induced lung injury, and lowered inflammatory cytokines levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood.
Conclusion: The dual-route administration of umbilical cord MSC-exosomes is more effective in controlling the inflammatory response and alleviating lung injury in LPS-induced ARDS animal models. Inhalation rapidly alleviates pulmonary inflammation with a smaller dose, while intravenous injection better manages the systemic inflammation. This dual-route approach holds promise as a novel ARDS treatment strategy.
Hydraulic Transient attenuation by HDPE backward configuration Technique
Authors: Mery Hadi O. , EKaid Ali L
Published: December 2023

Hydraulic transients pose a significant threat to pressurized conduits, and their occurrence is commonplace in industrial pipelines throughout their operational lifespan. The potential for catastrophic damage resulting from hydraulic transient events has compelled researchers to explore effective techniques for mitigating their severity. This paper presents the findings of an experimental study aimed at investigating the efficacy of employing a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bypass as a hydraulic transient mitigation strategy. The configured HDPE bypass is designed to allow backward flows while restraining forward flows. The study encompasses various transient conditions, with measurements recorded at different locations along the pipeline. The investigated hydraulic transient scenarios include pump trip-induced transients, end valve closure transients, and simultaneous pump and valve closure-induced transients. Furthermore, the performance of the HDPE backward configuration technique is compared with that of the air vessel technique.
In conclusion, the experiments reveal that the HDPE backward configuration technique proves to be an effective strategy for attenuating transient pressure waves in hydraulic systems. Notably, the HDPE technique outperformed the air vessel technique in several experimental conditions. Additionally, the combined use of the HDPE and air vessel techniques demonstrated superior performance compared to each technique individually across all measured locations and under various transient conditions.
How do interactive exhibits at a science center become cognitive artifacts?
Authors: Trybulec Marcin , Iłowiecka-Tańska Ilona
Published: December 2023

The paper examines the semiotic and cognitive status of interactive exhibits at science centers, taking the Copernicus Science Center in Warsaw (CSC) as an example. Such science centers support bottom-up interactions, encouraging visitors to spontaneously explore the exhibits in various ways. We analyze one distinctive way of interaction, when young visitors ignore an exhibit’s instruction and use it as if it were a kind of a toy or machine to play with (this is particularly common with exhibits that are unfamiliar “open-ended objects”). Drawing on cognitive semiotics we describe this particular way of interacting with exhibits as the reality mode of experience, in which the user ignores an intended exhibit’s representational function. We consider whether such interactive objects can be framed as cognitive artifacts, given that standard conceptualizations emphasize their representational function. How can we convincingly describe the process by which the cognitive function of an exhibit experienced in reality mode is constituted? In this paper we apply concept of ecological cognitive artifact and the idea of the enactive signification to these questions. We argue that exhibits experienced in reality mode do indeed perform cognitive functions, even in the absence of a representational relation. Our investigation provides insights into the cognitive functions of exhibits and contributes to the conceptualization of non-representational cognitive artifacts.
Multi-omic analysis reveals the effects of interspecific hybridization on the synthesis of seed reserve polymers in a Triticum turgidum ssp. durum × Aegilops sharonensis amphidiploid
Authors: Hu Qian , Liu Jing , Chen Xiaolei , Guzmán Carlos , Xu Qiang , Zhang Yazhou , Chen Qian , Tang Huaping , Qi Pengfei , Deng Mei , Ma Jian , Chen Guoyue , Wei Yuming , Wang Jirui , Zheng Youliang , Tu Yong , Jiang Qiantao
Published: December 2023

Background
Wheat grain endosperm is mainly composed of proteins and starch. The contents and the overall composition of seed storage proteins (SSP) markedly affect the processing quality of wheat flour. Polyploidization results in duplicated chromosomes, and the genomes are often unstable and may result in a large number of genes loss and gene rearrangements. However ,the instability of the genome itself, as well as the large number of duplicated genes generated during polyploidy, is an important driving force for genetic innovation This study compared the differences of starch and SSP, and analyse the transcriptomeand and metabolome conducted among Ae. sharonensis, durum wheat and amphidiploid to reveal the effects of polyploidization on the synthesis of seed reserve polymers.
Results
The total starch and amylose content of Z636×R7 was significantly higher than R7 and lower than Z636. The gliadin and glutenin contents of Z636×R7 were higher than those in Z636 and R7. Through transcriptome analysis, there were 21037,2197,15090 differentially expressed genes in the three comparison groups of R7 vs Z636, Z636 vs Z636 × R7, Z636 × R7 vs R7, which were mainly enriched in carbon metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR were combined to analyze the expression levels of genes related to storage substances. It was found that the expression levels of AGP-L, AGP-S and GBSSI of some starch synthase genes in Z636×R7 were higher than R7 and among the 17 differentially expressed genes related to storage proteins, the expression levels of 14 genes in R7 were lower than those in Z636 and Z636 × R7. According to the classification analysis of all differential metabolites, most of the metabolites belong to carboxylic acids and derivatives, fattyacyls, and are enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, niacin and nicotinamide metabolism, one carbon pool by flate etc.
Conclusion
After allopolyploidization, it may be affected by the exogenous genome, the organic synthesis function is down-regulated, the seed development cycle is prolonged, and the starch accumulation period is delayed. Therefore, at the same development time point, the starch accumulation of Z636 × R7 lags behind that of Z636. In this study, the expression of GSe2 gene in Z636 × R7 was higher than that of the two parents, which was beneficial to protein synthesis and thus increased protein content. These results eventually led to the alteration of synthesis of seed reserve polymers. The current study provided a basis for a greater in-depth understanding of the mechanism of wheat allopolyploid formation and its stable preservation and promote the effective exploitation of high-value alleles
Melt Pool Width Measurement in a Multi-Track, Multi-Layer Laser Powder Bed Fusion Print Using Single-Camera Two-Wavelength Imaging Pyrometry
Authors: Vallabh Chaitanya Krishna Prasad , Zhang Haolin , Anderson David Scott , To Albert C , Zhao Xiayun
Published: December 2023

In laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing, melt pool characterization is one of the potential approaches toward rapid process qualification and efficient non-destructive evaluation of printed parts. Especially melt pool width measurement is crucial for understanding the print process regimes, estimating the solidified melt pool depth, and identifying any process anomalies, among other attributes of interest. While existing works focus on monitoring melt pools of single scan tracks or single layer prints, melt pool characterization for a multi-track multi-layer (MTML) LPBF print has not been extensively studied. In this work, we employ our lab-designed coaxial single-camera two-wavelength imaging pyrometry (STWIP) system to monitor in situ melt pool properties during a MTML LPBF process. The STWIP-measured melt pool widths are validated using a serial sectioning machine (Robo-Met, UES). The in-situ STWIP and ex-situ Robo-Met measurement data are in close agreement with each other, having a mean absolute error and root mean squared error of 9.83 µm and 16.53 µm, respectively. Further we demonstrate the successful mapping of melt pool location and melt pool size on the printed MTML part. In sum, this work demonstrates the capability and the applicability of STWIP for accurate large-scale melt pool monitoring during LPBF processing of practical parts, thereby facilitating the development of LPBF process models and control strategies.
Real-life hypoglycemia partially blunts the inflammatory response to experimental hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ajie Mandala , Heck Julia IP van , Verhulst Clementine EM , Fabricius Therese W , Hendriksz Marijn S , McCrimmon Rory J , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik , Galan Bastiaan , Stienstra Rinke , Tack Cees J
Published: December 2023

Background
People with type 1 diabetes experience hypoglycemia on a regular basis. A single experimental hypoglycemic episode has been shown to induce a pro-inflammatory response, which includes an increase in circulating immune cell numbers, ex vivo monocyte responses, and circulating inflammatory proteins. The aim of this study was to determine whether recent repeated exposure to real-life hypoglycemia attenuates this response.
Methods
This was a post-hoc analysis of a hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic-hypoglycemic clamp study involving 40 participants with type 1 diabetes. Glucose levels a week before the clamp were monitored using a Freestyle Libre 1 glucose sensor. Blood was drawn during normoglycemia and hypoglycemia, and 24h after resolution of hypoglycemia for measurements of inflammatory responses and counterregulatory hormone levels. We determined the relationship between frequency, duration of spontaneous hypoglycemia, and time below range (TBR) and the inflammatory response to experimental hypoglycemia.
Results
Experimental hypoglycemia increased the number of circulating cells, ex vivo cytokine productions of LPS-stimulated monocytes, and circulating inflammatory proteins (P < 0.05 for all). A high variability of hypoglycemia frequency (0.79 [0.43,1.14] episode per day), duration (78 [47,110] mins), and TBR (5.5 [2.8,8.5]%) was observed between participants. TBR and hypoglycemia frequency were inversely associated with the increase in circulating granulocyte and lymphocyte cell counts during hypoglycemia. Numbers of circulating immune cells were also associated with the adrenaline response to experimental hypoglycemia (P < 0.05 for all). A protein network consisting of DNER, IF-R, uPA, Flt3L, FGF-5, TWEAK was negatively associated with hypoglycemia frequency (P < 0.05), but not with the adrenaline response.
Conclusion
Repeated exposure to spontaneous hypoglycemia is associated with blunted effects of subsequent hypoglycemia on circulating immune cells and a number of inflammatory proteins. To what extent this blunted response is mediated by the attenuated adrenaline response requires further study.
Trial registration
: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03976271
Comparison of the zonal distribution of calcium salt density and fat marrow in bone-healthy and osteoporotic sacra: An image data analysis using quantitative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Klauke Friederike , Zänker Katja , Schenk Philipp , Kobbe Philipp , Mendel Thomas
Published: December 2023

Osteoporotic sacral fractures are of high socioeconomic importance. Currently, the nature of the fracture and its pathogenesis are not fully understood. Studies have shown rarefaction of cancellous bone within the sacral ala for which fatty degeneration is hypothesized to be responsibel. This study investigated the zonal distribution of calcium salt and fat marrow along the S1, S2, and S3 corridors in bone-healthy and osteoporotic pelvis using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography data. Furthermore, the intact side was compared with the fractured side in a subgroup of patients with osteoporotic sacral fractures.
The study results suggest that the alar zones of the osteoporotic sacra experience disproportionate skeletal rarefaction. Moreover, osteoporotic sacra at the S1 level had lower calcium salt contents in the alar zones than non-osteoporotic sacra at the S3 level. This explains the occurrence of transalar fragility fractures, particularly in S1, which is a biomechanically relevant, load-transmitting zone with a fracture-predictive value. Furthermore, the difference in density at the S1/S2 segmental junction increased the risk of typical transverse fractures in the later stages of bilateral sacral fragility fractures. Simultaneously, an increase in fat content within the alar cavities was observed in the osteoporotic sacra. In the case of a fracture, the calcium salt density was higher and the fat content was lower on the fractured side than on the intact side, indicating bony compacting due to lateral compression and fat displacement due to fracture haematoma in the accident mechanism.
Association between Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Serum Uric Acid in the Third Trimester of Pregnant Women
Authors: Hong Qifu , Pu Tao , Li Maojie , Chen Zhongbao , Liu Xingyan , Zeng Rong , Zhang Mingzhe , Dai Lulu , An Songlin , Shen Xubo , Shang Xuejun , Zhou Yuanzhong , Tian Kunming
Published: December 2023

Background
Phthalates exposure associates with increased serum uric acid levels in the general population, and whether this association also exists in pregnant women has not been explored yet.
Methods
we conducted a cross-sectional population-based study including 851 pregnant women from a ZunYi birth cohort in southwestern China. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore single relationship between ten urinary phthalate metabolites with SUA and eGFR. Moreover, the overall relationship of ten urinary phthalate metabolites with SUA and eGFR were determined by principal component analysis (PCA) and quantitative g-computation (Q-g) analysis, respectively. Besides, the potential effect modification factors were explored by employing the subgroup analysis.
Results
The multivariable linear regression showed that MBP, MOP and MBzP were positively associated with SUA, while MEHP and MEHHP were associated with increased eGFR level. Moreover, mixed phthalate metabolites were positively associated with SUA, evidence by PCA analysis, of which MOP, MBzP and MEHP exhibited the major contributors. Furthermore, Q-g regression showed each quantile increase in mixture of phthalate was associated with 3.27% higher SUA (95% CI: 0.21%, 6.41%), but not significant with eGFR.
Conclusion
pregnant women’s exposure to phthalates was associated with a higher serum uric acid, in which MBP, MBzP and MOP might play important roles. Our results imply that positive perinatal health should be seriously taken to counteract the environment-associated impaired kidney function.
The factors related to blood loss during endoscopic sinus surgery.
Authors: Oki Yamato , Hatakeyama Hiromitsu , Yamamoto Kouzi , Fukui Kenta , Yamada Shota , Kizima Natsumi , Iwamura Tai , Matsumoto Yu , Ninomiya Hiroaki , Isono Yasuhiro , Sato Kaname , Kuwahara Tatsu , Oridate Nobuhiko
Published: December 2023

Background: The safety and efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery have improved with the development of new equipment and improved surgical techniques. However, it is accompanied by the risk of complications. Intra-operative blood loss is an important factor for the safe conduct of surgery. Therefore, we examined the factors associated with intra-operative blood loss.
Method: The amount of intra-operative bleeding experienced by 518 patients with sinonasal disease who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery under general anaesthesia at our hospital over 9 years was tabulated. Thirty-four variables were extracted after analysis of the patients’ background, sinonasal pathology, and haematology results. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed.
Results: Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in the prothrombin time-international normalised ratio (PT-INR), Lund-Mackay score, operative time, and initial versus repeat surgery.
The degree of change between the 25% and 75% points was significant for the following variables: an increase from 5 to 14 points for the Lund-Mackay score at 73.0 mL.
Conclusions: Preoperative precautionary measures should be implemented in the event of re-operation, expected prolonged operative time, high Lund-Mackay score, and prolonged PT-INR. Intra-operative blood loss in patients with a high Lund-Mackay score requires meticulous attention.
Association between avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder risk, dietary attitudes and behaviors among Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tu Wenjing , Li Yiting , Yin Tingting , Zhang Sumin , Zhang Ping , Xu Guihua
Published: December 2023

Background: Restrictive eating behaviors are common among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which may may develop nutritional and/or quality of life impairments into avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of ARFID in Chinese patients with IBD, and to investigate the current perceptions and dietary behaviors of patients with and without ARFID.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in gastroenterology clinics of four tertiary hospitals in China. Patients with IBD were asked to complete a structuredquestionnaire including demographic characteristics, dietary attitudes and behaviors. The diagnosis of ARFID was established using Chinese version of the Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen questionnaire.
Results: A total of 483 patients with IBD completed the questionnaires, and 20.3% met clinical criteria for ARFID. The average score of ARFID was 21.9 (interquartile range=17.0-26.0). Binary logistic regression results showed that patients with Crohn's disease (OR=0.483, 95%CI=0.280-0.835; p=0.009), being in an active disease state (OR=0.220, 95%CI=0.123-0.392; p<0.001), holding dietary attitudes regarding symptom control (OR=2.431, 95%CI=1.299-4.548; p=0.005), and reporting a specific dietary history (OR=27.158, 95%CI=3.679-200.456; p=0.001) were significant more likely to suffer from ARFID.
Conclusions: ARFID is a common problem among patients with IBD. The incidence of ARFID is particularly high among patients with Crohn's disease, during relapse, and those who hold restrictive dietary attitudes or have a history of specific diets. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize routine screening and early identification of ARFID, especially among high-risk populations, in future research and clinical practice.
Trial registration: ChiCTR2100051539, on 26 September 2021.
Evaluating the Influence of Surface Protective Coating on the Capillary Water Absorption Properties of Ignimbrites
Authors: Varol Ogün Ozan
Published: December 2023

Natural stone is predominantly subjected to deterioration, with water being recognized as its primary instigator. Water enters the body of natural stones in many ways such as rain, humidity, freezing thawing. However, in addition to the water absorption characteristics of natural stones, capillary water absorption properties are also very effective on degradation. The degree of capillary water absorption directly correlates with the size of pores within natural stones and their interconnectivity. In this study, three different types of ignimbrites were used (referred to as SR, BJ, GK), which are found in the Nevşehir province. Firstly, capillarity properties of samples were determined in water and salty water. Then, the surface coating material was applied to the ignimbrites and capillary water absorption properties were determined again in the same conditions. To determine the material properties of ignimbrites, chemical, mineralogical-petrographic analyses, and physicomechanical experiments were performed. Based on the findings of the research, the capacity of capillary water absorption of SR ignimbrite in water was determined 114.03 g/m2s0.5, in solution with magnesium sulphate as 101 g/m2s0.5 while water GK ignimbrite was determined 87.39 g/m2s0.5, in solution with magnesium sulphate as 84.20 gr/m2s0.5. BJ ignimbrites capillary water absorption potential was determined to be 115.71 gr/m2s0.5 when immersed in water, whereas it measured 112.16 g/m2s0.5 in a solution containing magnesium sulphate. After the application of the surface coating resin on the ignimbrites, the capillary water absorption potential of the SR ignimbrite in water was determined as 6.54 g/m2s0.5, and in the magnesium sulphate solution, it was determined as 0.07 g/m2s0.5. For the BJ ignimbrite, the capillary water absorption potential in water was found to be 0.08 g/m2s0.5, and in the magnesium sulphate solution, it was determined as 1.27 g/m2s0.5. Similarly, for the GK ignimbrite, the capillary water absorption potential in water was measured as 0.08 g/m2s0.5, and in the magnesium sulphate solution, it was determined as 0.79 g/m2s0.5. A significant reduction in capillary water absorption properties was observed in the samples treated with surface coating resin.
The Community Primary Care Champions Fellowship: A Mixed Methods Evaluation of an Interprofessional Fellowship for Physician Assistants and Physicians
Authors: Stryker Shanna D. , Hargraves Daniel , Velasquez Veronica , Gottschlich Melissa , Cafferty Patrick , Vale Darla , Schlaudecker Jeffrey , Pallerla Harini , Rich Megan
Published: December 2023

Background: Primary care in the US faces challenges with clinician recruitment, retention, and burnout, with further workforce shortages predicted in the next decade. Team-based care can be protective against clinician burnout, and opportunities for interprofessional education (IPE) on professional development and leadership could encourage primary care transformation. Despite an increasingly important role in the primary care workforce, IPE initiatives training physician assistants (PAs) alongside physicians are rare. We describe the design, curriculum, and outcomes from an interprofessional primary care transformation fellowship for community-based primary care physicians and PAs.
Methods: The Community Primary Care Champions (CPCC) Fellowship was a one-year, part-time fellowship which trained nine PAs, fourteen physicians, and a behavioralist with at least two years of post-graduate clinical experience in six content pillars: quality improvement (QI), wellness and burnout, mental health, social determinants of health, medical education, and substance use disorders. The fellowship included a recurring schedule of monthly activities in self-study, lectures, mentoring, and community expert evening discussions. Evaluation of the fellowship included pre, post, and one-year follow-up self-assessments of knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in the six content areas, pre- and post- wellness surveys, lecture and discussion evaluations, and midpoint and exit focus groups.
Results: Fellows showed significant improvement in 24 of 28 self-assessment items across all content areas post-fellowship, and in 16 of 18 items one-year post-fellowship. They demonstrated reductions in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization post-fellowship and increased confidence in working in interprofessional teams post-fellowship which persisted on one-year follow-up assessments. Half of the fellows reported new professional leadership roles within two years of matriculation. All fellows completed QI projects and four presented their work at national conferences. Focus group data showed that fellows experienced collaborative, meaningful professional development that was relevant to their clinical work. They appreciated the flexible format and inclusion of interprofessional community experts in evening discussions.
Conclusions: The CPCC fellowship fostered an interprofessional community of practice that provided an effective IPE experience for physicians and PAs. The learning activities, and particularly the community expert discussions, allowed for a flexible, relevant experience resulting in personal and professional growth along with increased confidence working within interprofessional teams.
Care Seeking Behavior and Treatment Gap for Mental Health Conditions in Bangladesh: Evidence from the National Mental Health Survey 2019
Authors: Huque Rumana , Azad Abul Kalam , Islam Khaleda , Ahmed Helal Uddin , Amin Mohammad Robed
Published: December 2023

Background: The study provides evidence of the existing pattern of mental healthcare-seeking behavior and treatment gaps among the adult population in Bangladesh, and identifies the factors that influence the decision of the patients with mental illness to seek mental health care.
Methods:We used the National Mental Health Survey Bangladesh 2019 dataset with 7270 households to identify the patterns of and facilitators for seeking mental health care in Bangladesh. A Probit model using a standard normal cumulative distribution function (CDF) with three specifications has been applied to identify the factors influencing mental healthcare-seeking behavior and the probability of seeking mental healthcare services in Bangladesh.
Results:About 19% of the total adult population have mental health disorder in the country. Among the patinets with mental illness, only 10% seek healthcare services from different sources of mental healthcare services. Patients with addictive disorder show the lowest interest in seeking healthcare services, while more patients receive treatment for bipolar disorder. The findings suggest that while 34.4% of bipolar disorder patients receive treatment for mental health, only 4.8% of patients with addictive disorder seek healthcare services. The Probit model shows that having other mentally disordered family members is the only statistically significant determinant among the socio-economic factors, such as gender, age, religion, education level and residential status, that influnec treatment seeking behaviour. The marginal effects analysis shows that the existence of mentally disordered family members increases the probability of seeking mental health care services by around 6%. The other socio-economic variables considered in the study are found statistically insignificant. However, a married woman has a significantly higher likelihood of seeking treatment than an unmarried woman, while the family size is the only variable that significantly influences treatment-seeking behavior for men.
Conclusion: Though mental health conditions are major public health concerns in Bangladesh, the treatment-seeking behavior among the people with mental diorder is very low, implying a large treatment gap for mental health conditions. The findings indicate the urgent need to increase mental health service coverage among mental health patients.
Transcriptome Profiling Across Multiple Organs Unveils Potential Roles of C-Fibers in Host Homeostatic Regulation in Mice
Authors: He Yu , Li Changgen , Wei Jianhua , Yang Zhongying , Ren Luo , Deng Yu , Meng Zijun , Zang Na , Liu Enmei
Published: December 2023

As nociceptors, C-fibers play a critical role in maintaining host homeostasis under both physiological and pathological conditions. We previously demonstrated that C-fiber degeneration confers protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. However, a comprehensive investigation on the effects of C-fiber degeneration on the physiological state of the host remains unexplored. To address this gap, we established a C-fiber-degenerated (KCF) BALB/c mouse model and validated it by immunofluorescence staining of multiple organs. We monitored the body weight of KCF mice and performed 16S rRNA sequencing of their feces. And their brains, lungs, intestines, and spleen were subjected to section staining and RNA sequencing. Although no significant changes in body weight or tissue pathology were observed, KCF mice showed significant tran-scriptional alterations in four examined organs. The lungs and intestines exhibited diminished proportions of resting mast cells, while the spleens displayed reduced proportions of monocytes. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of C-fibers in the production of immunoglobulin and changes in intestinal microbiota. Subsequent experiments confirmed a trend towards reduced globulin levels in the peripheral blood and marked alterations in the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. Integrated analysis of differentially expressed genes shared by all four organs identified the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway as a pivotal route by which C-fibers may influence these organs. In summary, this study elucidates the diverse regulatory roles that C-fibers play in maintaining host homeostasis, extending our understanding in a multi-organ context.
Orlicz spaces and their hyperbolic composition operators
Authors: Estaremi Yousef
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we provide equivalent conditions for composition operators to have the shadowing property on the Orlicz space $L^{\Phi}(\mu)$. Additionally, we show that for composition operators on Orlicz spaces, the concepts of generalized hyperbolicity and the shadowing property are equivalent. These results extend similar findings on $L^p$-spaces to Orlicz spaces.
Mitochondrial DNA D-Loop SNPs Unveil Molecular Signatures of Milk Production Variation in Murrah Buffalo
Authors: A.N Ampadi , E.M Sadeesh , - Madhuri S. Lahamge
Published: December 2023

Background
The Murrah buffalo, pivotal in Asian agriculture, faces challenges in maximizing milk production despite significant breeding efforts. Recognizing its economic importance, this investigates mtDNA D-loop variations in Murrah buffalo as potential indicators of milk production variability, addressing challenges in maximizing yield despite significant breeding efforts.
Methods & Results
Analyzing mtDNA D-loop sequences from 50 buffaloes, we categorized them into Low (Group 1), Medium (Group 2), and High ECM (Group 3) groups based on milk yields, fat and protein percentage of a 30-day period data. Somatic cell mtDNA D-loop analysis revealed distinct genetic variations, with significant differences among ECM groups. Group 2 showed higher SNP prevalence, group 3 had more insertions/deletions, and Group 1 exhibited the highest transition frequency. Notably, a consistent "C" deletion at the 714th position occurred in Groups 1 and 3, prevalent in 68% of Group 2. A G-A variation at the 93rd position was specific to the medium ECM group. Negative Tajima D values indicated unique variations in each group, with Group 1 having the highest number, and a specific SNP linked to Group 2 was identified. These SNPs in the D-loop region could impact mtDNA replication, influencing mitochondrial content among animals. Our results provides valuable insights into the role of mtDNA D-loop polymorphisms in milk production traits in Murrah buffalo.
Conclusions
Our research highlights the potential for valuable markers of cellular energy efficiency in Murrah buffalo. Exploring diverse cytoplasmic backgrounds opens avenues for mtDNA-based selection strategies, enhancing milk production and optimizing genetic traits for the dairy industry.
Heterologous expression of P9 from Akkermansia muciniphila improves the GLP-1 secretion of intestinal L cells
Authors: Di Wenxuan , Zhang Yuchen , Zhang Xinyuan , Han Luxuan , Zhao Liang , Hao Yanling , Zhai Zhengyuan
Published: December 2023

Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) is an incretin hormone secreted primarily from the intestinal L-cells in response to meals. GLP-1 is a key regulator of energy metabolism and food intake. It has been proven that P9 protein from A. muciniphila could increase GLP-1 release and improve glucose homeostasis in HFD-induced mice. To obtain an engineered Lactococcus lactiswhich produced P9 protein，mature polypeptide chain of P9 was codon-optimized, fused with N-terminal signal peptide Usp45, and expressed in L. lactis NZ9000. Heterologous secretion of P9 by recombinant L. lactis NZP9 were successfully detected by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Notably, the supernatant of L. lactis NZP9 stimulated GLP-1 production of NCI-H716 cells. The relative expression level of GLP-1 biosynthesis gene GCG and PCSK1 were upregulated by 1.63 and 1.53 folds, respectively. The engineered strainL. lactis NZP9 was more effective than A. muciniphila BAA-835 in stimulating the intestinal L cells to produce GLP-1. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the secretory expression of carboxyl-terminal processing protease P9 from A. muciniphila in L. lactis.Our results suggest that genetically engineered L. lactis which expressed P9 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetes, obesity and other metabolic disorders.