bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of P and S Waves in the Javakheti Plateau, Georgia (Sakartvelo)
Authors: Shengelia Ia , Jorjiashvili Nato , Godoladze Tea , Gunia Irakli , Akubardia Dimitri
Published: November 2022

The frequency-dependent parameters of attenuation of P and S waves in one of the most seismically active regions, of the Javakheti plateau, have been estimated using digital data for the first time. We have analyzed and processed hundred and fifty local shallow earthquakes that occurred from 2006 to 2018 and were recorded by five seismic stations. The quality factors for P waves (

Q

p

) and for S waves (

Q

s

) were evaluated by means of the extended coda normalization method. The obtained

Q

p

and

Q

s

are strongly frequency dependent in the frequency range of 1.5 to 24 Hz, and increase with frequency according to the following power laws:

Q

P

=

17.4
±
2.3

f

1.100
±
0.033

and

Q

S

=

28.8
±
3.3

f

1.048
±
0.039

. The observed

Q

s

/

Q

p

 

ratio was found to be greater than unity over the entire frequency range, suggesting that scattering may play the main role in the attenuation of body waves on the Javakheti plateau. The frequency dependence of the S wave is very similar to the frequency dependence of the shear wave for another seismically active region of Georgia, the Racha area. A comparison of our results to those other regions of the world shows that among the seismically active areas, the Javakheti plateau is characterized by relatively low values of

Q

p

and

Q

s

, but they are more than volcanic regions such as Etna and Qeshm Island, Iran. The observed results characterize the entire earth’s crust in the study area and will be useful for source parameter estimation, ground motion prediction, and hazard assessment of the Javakheti plateau.
The Effect of Fracture Surface Roughness and Mechanical Aperture on the Onset of Nonlinear Flow Behaviors in 3D Self-Affine Rough Fractures
Authors: Xue Kangsheng , Liu Xiaobo , Yan Xufeng , Chi Xiaolou
Published: November 2022

Equivalent hydraulic aperture and fracture surface roughness are two significant factors affecting the fluid flow behaviors in rock fractures. To understand the role of fracture surface roughness and aperture in the fluid flow through 3D self-affine rough fractures, roughness fracture surfaces with joint roughness coefficients equal to 2.5, 7.5, 12.5, and 17.5 were established, and the Navier–Stokes equation was used to compute the fluid flow in these 3D self-affine rough fractures with a mechanical aperture increase from 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm with a gradient of 0.2 mm. The results show that when the fracture mechanical aperture is 0.2 mm, the impact of fracture surface roughness on fluid flow is considerable, while this effect decreases obviously with the increase of fracture mechanical aperture. Comparing the permeability obtained by the Navier–Stokes equation with the cube law under different hydraulic gradients, we found that their deviation increased with the increase of hydraulic gradients. This allows for the definition of a critical hydraulic gradient (

J
c

), below which the permeability can be properly predicted using the cubic law for its simplicity, and above which Forchheimer’s equation should be applied, and Forchheimer’s coefficients

A

,

B

, and

J
c

can be calculated by the prediction equations established in this study.
Improved Protodyakonov’s Method of the Tunnel Surrounding Rock Pressure under the Seepage Condition of Weak Interlayer
Authors: Hu Jing , Xiao Jiafeng , Yang Zhuanyun , Xie Peng , Wen Haijia
Published: November 2022

A reasonable support scheme is the main factor to be considered when constructing tunnels, and it is essential to accurately calculate the surrounding rock pressure of tunnels. This work focuses on the improved method used to calculate the surrounding rock pressure of a tunnel affected by the seepage of its weak interlayer. Based on Protodyakonov’s theory, the simulation result obtained by finite difference method is adopted to determine the modified Protodyakonov’s method (MPM) used to calculate the surrounding rock pressure of the tunnel taking the angle and position of its interlayer as the entry point. To confirm the efficacy of the MPM, used for a Chongqing Mountain tunnel affected by the seepage of its weak interlayer, the other two normal calculation methods were compared with the MPM and field monitoring results. It is shown that the calculated results of the MPM are closer to those of the field monitoring. MPM meets the requirements of support strength and can be used as a reference to calculate the surrounding rock pressure of tunnels affected by the seepage of a weak interlayer.
The Distribution of Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factors (CNF-1, CNF-2, CNF-3) and Cytolethal Distending Toxins (CDT-1, CDT-2, CDT-3, CDT-4) in Escherichia coli Isolates Isolated from Extraintestinal Infections and the Determination of their Phylogenetic Relationship by PFGE
Authors: Onlen Guneri Cansu , Koksal Fatih , Kizilyildirim Suna , Bedir Basak , Nagiyev Togrul
Published: November 2022

Backgrounds. Diagnostic markers of extraintestinal infection in Escherichia coli (E. coli) remain unclear in the literature. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) is differentiated from other E. coli isolates in terms of virulence factors, such as host cell adhesion, invasion, cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF (cnf1-cnf3)) and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT (cdt1-cdt4) that are responsible for cell death. We aimed to investigate the frequency of CNF-CDT and the relationship between the clinical diagnosis and genotypes in E. coli isolates with different clinical origins. Methods. A total of 646 E. coli isolates (obtained from 645 patients) isolated from different infection sites other than the intestine were evaluated in aspects of the CNF, CDT virulence genes, phylogenetic grouping, and phylogenetic relationship by using PCR and PFGE. Results. At least one virulence gene was present in 156 (24%) of the 646 ExPEC isolates. We detected cnf1, cnf2, and cnf3, in 78, 12, and 20 ExPEC isolates, respectively. Also, cdt1, cdt2, cdt3, and cdt4 genes were present in 20, 4, 4, and 4 isolates, respectively. Some isolates harbored more than one gene, being cnf1-cnf3 (n = 6), cnf1-cdt1 (n = 4), and cdt1-cdt4 (n = 4). These 156 isolates were distributed into 106 large clusters by PFGE. Virulent ExPEC is primarily related to groups B2 (60%) and D (32%). Conclusion. To our knowledge, this study demonstrated the presence of cnf2, cnf3, cdt1, cdt2, cdt3, and cdt4 genes for the first time in the literature for Turkey. The widespread presence of the CNF gene in E. coli helps distinguish ExPEC from commensal isolates.
Cubic Intuitionistic Fuzzy Topology with Application to Uncertain Supply Chain Management
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Akmal Khadija , Almalki Yahya , Ahmad Daud
Published: November 2022

The concept of the cubic intuitionistic fuzzy set is an effective hybrid model for modeling uncertainties with an intuitionistic fuzzy set and an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set, simultaneously. The primary objective of this study is to develop a topological structure on cubic intuitionistic fuzzy sets with P-order and R-order as well as to define some fundamental characteristics and significant results with illustrations. Taking advantage of topological data analysis with cubic intuitionistic information, novel multicriteria group decision-making methods are developed for an uncertain supply chain management. Algorithms 1 and 2 are proposed for extensions of the weighted product model and the choice value method towards a cubic intuitionistic fuzzy environment, respectively. A comparative analysis is also given to discuss the validity and advantages of the proposed techniques.
The Common Neural Mechanism of Somatic Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Disorders: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Yu Yue , Chen Yue , Wu Yue , Bai Tongjian , Wei Qiang , Ji Yang , Zhang Ting , Li Chenglong , Zhang Aiguo , Wang Kai , Tian Yanghua
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Somatic symptoms often occur as a manifestation of depression and anxiety. The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) has been shown to be closely related to both depression and anxiety and plays an important role in somatic symptoms. However, little is known regarding whether the abnormal function of the sgACC contributes to the common somatic symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods: Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis based on the seed of the sgACC was investigated in 23 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with somatic symptoms, 20 generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients with somatic symptoms, and 22 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs). The severity of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and the 15-item somatic symptom severity scale from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15), respectively. An analysis of covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was conducted to determine RSFC alterations among GAD, MDD, and HC groups with age, gender, and head motion as covariates. Correlation analyses were conducted between the RSFC of the sgACC and PHQ-15. Results: The significantly different RSFC of right sgACC among the three groups was found in right STG, left cerebellum, and right postcentral. Post hoc analysis indicated that both MDD and GAD patients showed a decreased RSFC between the right sgACC and right STG than HCs, and both were negatively correlated with the PHQ-15 scores. Conclusion: The abnormally decreased RSFC of the sgACC and STG may be the underlying common mechanisms of depression and anxiety combined with somatic symptoms.
Free Fatty Acids Induce Lipid Accumulation, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in Human Sebocytes
Authors: Hossini Amir M. , Hou Xiaoxiao , Exner Tarik , Fauler Beatrix , Eberle Jürgen , Rabien Anja , Makrantonaki Evgenia , Zouboulis Christos C.
Published: November 2022

Background: A disruption of sebocyte differentiation and lipogenesis has fatal consequences and can cause a wide spectrum of skin diseases, from acne vulgaris to sebaceous carcinoma, however, the relevant molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Objectives: The induction of autophagy and apoptosis in human sebocytes in response to biologically relevant fatty acids was investigated. Methods: Free fatty acids (arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic acid) and the pan-caspase inhibitor QVD-Oph were added to the supernatant of cultured human SZ95 sebocytes. Individual relevant proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Apoptosis and cell viability were determined, and typical autophagy structures were detected through electron microscopy. To obtain cell growth curves, cell confluence was continuously monitored by real-time cell analysis. Results: Fatty acids induced the development of intracellular lipid droplets with subsequent apoptosis, whereas arachidonic acid caused the most rapid effect. Cleavage products of caspase-3 were only detected in arachidonic acid-induced apoptosis. The high basal apoptotic rate of cultured SZ95 sebocytes was strongly suppressed by QVD-Oph. Fatty acid-induced apoptosis was also markedly inhibited by QVD-Oph, whereas intracellular lipid droplets further accumulated. While cell viability after incubation with linoleic acid, palmitic acid, or palmitoleic acid and QVD-Oph was comparable with that of non-treated controls, arachidonic acid significantly reduced cell viability and cell density despite the concomitant pan-caspase inhibitor treatment. Using electron microscopy, typical autophagy structures were detected, such as autophagosomes and autolysosomes, at the basal level, which became more pronounced after treatment with fatty acids. Conclusions: Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the inflammation-associated mechanisms of lipogenesis and cell death induction in human sebocytes and may help to unveil the effects of fatty acid-rich human nutrition.
Psicologia e ideologia: uma introdução crítica à psicologia escolar
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Psicologia, Patto Maria Helena Souza
Published: November 2022

Este trabalho é, acima de tudo, um depoimento. É o relato do início de uma trajetória profissional difícil, que tem suas raízes na tradição positivista dos cursos brasileiros de formação de psicólogos: nos laboratórios de psicologia animal e de mensuração psicofísica e psicológica de seres humanos, nos contextos terapêuticos em que o objetivo é a remoção de comportamentos disfuncionais, nos projetos de pesquisa nos quais os chamados “sujeitos” não passam de objetos, observados e medidos em situações supostamente assépticas, neutras, objetivas. Partindo da crítica da psicologia instrumental (do conhecimento psicológico como dimensão da consciência necessária da sociedade, isto é, da consciência das classes dominantes), este trabalho pretende colaborar na elaboração permanente de uma psicologia crítica (de um conhecimento psicológico enquanto dimensão da consciência possível da sociedade, ou seja, da consciência das classes exploradas), capaz de situar historicamente seu próprio conhecimento, seus compromissos e suas possibilidades de transformação social.
Abstract 15734: Intersection of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction in >400,000 Participants in the Get With the Guidelines® Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Patel Ravi B , Greene Stephen J , Xu Haolin , Alhanti Brooke , Peterson Pamela , Yancy Clyde W , Piccini Jonathan P , Fonarow Gregg C , Vaduganathan Muthiah
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist, yet few studies have examined longitudinal trends or post-discharge outcomes in this disease intersection.

Methods:
We evaluated 429,464 participants hospitalized for HF and left ventricular ejection fraction >40% across 644 sites in the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) registry from January 2014 to December 2020. We compared clinical profiles among those with and without AF (defined by medical history or occurring at presentation or during hospitalization). We additionally examined 12-month post-discharge death and all-cause/cause-specific readmissions among 79,895 participants ≥65 years discharged alive with linked Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services inpatient files and Parts A, B, and D Fee-for-Service eligibility.

Results:
Prevalence of AF increased from 48.5% in Q1 2014 to 52.1% in Q4 2020 among the 76,886 patients with HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF; 41-49%) and increased from 49.7% to 50.1% among the 352,578 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; ≥50%); both P-trend<0.001. Among those with AF, 28% had a history of AF but were not actively in AF during hospitalization, while 11% had newly-detected AF at time of hospitalization. Median heart rate among those with AF was 80 (69-95)bpm at admission and 75 (66-86)bpm at discharge. Patients with AF faced higher 12-month rates of death (35% vs. 29%) and readmission for HF (30% vs. 27%), stroke (2.1% vs. 1.7%), bleeding (6% vs. 5%), and AF (5% vs. 2%). These associations persisted after adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical risk factors (
Figure
).

Conclusions:
Prevalence of AF is rising among patients hospitalized with HFmrEF and HFpEF. AF is independently associated with increased post-discharge risks of death and a broad range of clinical events requiring rehospitalization.
High‐Resolution Transthoracic Echocardiography Accurately Detects Pulmonary Arterial Pressure and Decreased Right Ventricular Contractility in a Mouse Model of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Hansen Thomas S. , Bubb Kristen J. , Schiattarella Gabriele G. , Ugander Martin , Tan Timothy C. , Figtree Gemma A.
Published: November 2022

Background

To date, assessment of right ventricular (RV) function in mice has relied extensively on invasive measurements. Echocardiographic advances have allowed adaptation of measures used in humans for serial, noninvasive RV functional assessment in mice. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), RV peak systolic myocardial velocity (s'), RV myocardial performance index (MPI), and RV fractional area change (FAC) in a mouse model of pulmonary hypertension.

Methods and Results

Echocardiography was performed on mice at baseline and 3 weeks after induction of pulmonary hypertension using inhaled bleomycin or saline, including adapted measures of TAPSE, s', MPI, and FAC. RV systolic pressure was measured by invasive catheterization, and RV contractility was measured as the peak slope of the RV systolic pressure recording (maximum change pressure/change time). Postmortem morphological assessment of RV hypertrophy was performed. RV systolic pressure was elevated and maximum change pressure/change time was reduced in bleomycin versus control (n=8;
P
=0.002). Compared with controls, bleomycin mice had reduced TAPSE (0.79±0.05 versus 1.06±0.04 mm;
P
=0.003), s' (21.3±1.2 versus 29.2±1.3 mm/s;
P
<0.001), and FAC (20.3±0.7% versus 31.0±1.3%;
P
<0.001), whereas MPI was increased (0.51±0.03 versus 0.37±0.01;
P
=0.006). All measures correlated with RV systolic pressure and maximum change pressure/change time. Intraobserver and interobserver variability were minimal. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that TAPSE (<0.84 mm), s'(<23.3 mm/s), MPI (0.42), and FAC (<23.3%) identified maximum change pressure/change time ≤2100 mm Hg/s with high accuracy.

Conclusions

TAPSE, s', MPI, and FAC are measurable consistently using high‐resolution echocardiography in mice, and are sensitive and specific measures of pulmonary pressure and RV function. This validation opens the opportunity for serial noninvasive measures in mouse models of pulmonary hypertension, enhancing the statistical power of preclinical studies of novel therapeutics.
Circulating Biomarkers in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Matthia Eldon L. , Setteducato Michael L. , Elzeneini Mohammed , Vernace Nicholas , Salerno Michael , Kramer Christopher M. , Keeley Ellen C.
Published: November 2022

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common genetic heart disease. Biomarkers, molecules measurable in the blood, could inform the clinician by aiding in diagnosis, directing treatment, and predicting outcomes. We present an updated review of circulating biomarkers in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy representing key pathologic processes including wall stretch, myocardial necrosis, fibrosis, inflammation, hypertrophy, and endothelial dysfunction, in addition to their clinical significance.
The Effects of Information on the Formation of Migration Routes and the Dynamics of Migration
Authors: Hinsch Martin , Bijak Jakub
Published: November 2022

Most models of migration simply assume that migrants somehow make their way from their point of origin to their chosen destination. We know, however, that—especially in the case of asylum migration—the migrant journey often is a hazardous, difficult process where migrants make decisions based on limited information and under severe material constraints. Here we investigate the dynamics of the migration journey itself using a spatially explicit, agent-based model. In particular we are interested in the effects of limited information and information exchange. We find that under limited information, migration routes generally become suboptimal, their stochasticity increases, and migrants arrive much less frequently at their preferred destination. Under specific circumstances, self-organised consensus routes emerge that are largely unpredictable. Limited information also strongly reduces the migrants’ ability to react to changes in circumstances. We conclude, first, that information and information exchange is likely to have considerable effects on all aspects of migration and should thus be included in future modelling efforts and, second, that there are many questions in theoretical migration research that are likely to profit from the use of agent-based modelling techniques.
The Discontents of Truth & Trust in 21st Century America
Authors: Jasanoff Sheila
Published: November 2022

Credible fact-making for policy demands the same legitimating moves as are required for credible politics. Experts, like politicians, must represent the world in ways that respect diverse standpoints, aggregate disparate opinions to produce a semblance of objectivity, and find persuasive ways to bridge gaps between available and ideal states of knowledge. Every society, moreover, commands its own culturally recognized approaches to producing and testing public knowledge, and expert practices must conform to these to be broadly accepted. Insisting on the superior authority of science without attending to the politics of reason and persuasion will not restore trust in either knowledge or power. Instead, trust can be regained with more inclusive processes for framing policy questions, greater attentiveness to dissenting voices and minority views, and more humility in admitting where science falls short and policy decisions must rest on prudence and concern for the vulnerable.
American Trust in Science & Institutions in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Hatton C. Ross , Barry Colleen L. , Levine Adam S. , McGinty Emma E. , Han Hahrie
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted many discussions about how people's trust in science shaped our ability to address the crisis. Early in the pandemic, our research team set out to understand how trust in science relates to support for public health guidelines, and to identify some trusted sources of science. In this essay, we share our findings and offer ideas about what might be done to strengthen the public's trust in science. Notably, our research shows a stark partisan divide: Republicans had lower support for public health guidelines, and their trust in science and institutions such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health eroded over time. Meanwhile, Democrats’ trust in science has remained high throughout the pandemic. In the context of this divide, we explore how trust in various information sources, from governmental institutions to the media, relates to trust in science, and suggest that the best avenue for rebuilding trust might be through empowering local institutions and leaders to help manage future crises.
Trust in Elections
Authors: Stewart Charles
Published: November 2022

The sometimes violent movement to reject the outcome of the 2020 U.S. presidential election draws our attention to the topic of trust in the institution of American election administration. An examination of this topic must make an important distinction between trust in elections (a psychological construct) and the trustworthiness of election results (a legal construct). The history of election administration in the United States is full of examples of efforts to increase the trustworthiness of elections to ensure that results are based on fair and competent administration. The resilience of these efforts was on display following the 2020 election, as formal institutions rejected claims that the election was fraudulent. Still, the past two decades have seen a decline in trust in American elections that has primarily been driven by a slow but steady decline in trust among Republicans. Surprisingly, the increased polarization in trust most recently has been due more to Democrats suddenly becoming more trusting. Election officials must continue to try to overcome attacks on trust in the system, but it is unclear how long they can sustain the legal system guaranteeing free and fair elections without broad-based public trust in how we administer elections.
Unauthorized Exchanges: Restrictions on Foreign Trade and Intermarriage in the Tang and Northern Song Empires
Authors: Yang Shao-yun
Published: November 2022

This essay reexamines late Tang and Northern Song laws that appear to prohibit private trade, communication, and intermarriage with foreigners, and concludes that they were rooted in early Tang policies rather than an increase in anti-foreign or proto-nationalist sentiment. It also argues that in the Northern Song, restrictions on foreign trade and intermarriage gave way to more liberal or targeted approaches, the main exceptions being strategic restrictions on trade along the northern borders and maritime trade with Đại Việt and Koryŏ. When the Song state implemented or contemplated restrictions on intermarriage in certain frontier locations, this was typically for strategic reasons of counterintelligence, not xenophobia or ethnic segregation.
Parting Ways: Daoism, Politics, and the Ming Book in Zhu Quan’s Letter to Yongle
Authors: Schachter Bony
Published: November 2022

In the “Epistle” (“Shang tianfu shenyin jiashu” 上天府神隱家書), the Prince of Ning Zhu Quan 寧王朱權 (1378–1448) presents the book Shenyin 神隱 (Divine Hermitage) to Yongle (Zhu Di 朱棣, 1360–1424). The “Epistle” is the first document to announce Zhu Quan’s transition to the status of divine author True Lord from the Southern Pole. This article argues that the letter must be interpreted as a political act. Its three sections examine the letter in terms of its materiality, context, and purpose. It demonstrates that the letter is the means by which Zhu Quan attempts to bring carefully crafted claims about his alleged competence as an imperial preceptor into reality. In so doing, it reexamines the relevance of Daoism for Ming political culture.
Well-known species, unexpected results: high genetic diversity in declining Vipera ursinii in central, eastern and southeastern Europe
Authors: Vörös Judit , Ursenbacher Sylvain , Jelić Dušan , Tomović Ljiljana , Crnobrnja-Isailović Jelka , Ajtić Rastko , Sterijovski Bogoljub , Zinenko Oleksandr , Ghira Ioan , Strugariu Alexandru , Zamfirescu Stefan , Nagy Zoltán Tamás , Péchy Tamás , Krízsik Virág , Márton Orsolya , Halpern Bálint
Published: November 2022

The Meadow and Steppe viper, Vipera ursinii-renardi complex is a well-studied group that is divided into several morphological subspecies. In this study, we combine the analyses of two mitochondrial genes with 9 microsatellite markers to compare both phylogenetic signals. Whereas the signal is similar between both genomes within most subspecies, the relative relationships between subspecies are more differentiated. Moreover, the nuclear phylogenetic reconstruction supports genetic homogeneity within V. u. macrops (in contrast to mtDNA). Both genetic portions show an unexpected differentiation between a population from Bistra Mountain and other V. u. macrops populations. Globally, the microsatellite markers suggest high genetic diversity in most subspecies, even in V. u. rakosiensis which is highly threatened; only V. u. macrops showed a limited genetic diversity. Within lowland subspecies, the differentiation between populations is globally limited compared to the distance between them (except in some populations of V. u. moldavica). The limited differentiation might be the consequence of a recent isolation (few decades) of previously large populations. Nevertheless, the only way to maintain this genetic diversity and to avoid an increase in genetic differentiation between populations in the future is to recreate suitable habitats and reconnect the populations.
Cultural Translation and Linguistic Equivalence: Persian–Marathi Bilingual Inscriptions
Authors: Sohoni Pushkar
Published: November 2022

Bilingual inscriptions in Marathi and Persian are known through the period of the Deccan sultanates. This paper investigates whether the inscriptional programs, usually with Persian as the dominant language, can provide greater cultural context and meaning to processes such as translation and multilingualism in the period. Bi- and multi-lingual inscriptions are intended usually for public display and demonstrate the relative prestige and power of languages and cultures. The corpus of Persian and Marathi bilingual inscriptions will be analyzed to examine whether they are actually translations that achieve equivalence of content or whether localized texts were created to address the needs of the audiences in different languages, perhaps as “idiomatic bilinguals.”
Powell-Eyring Fluid Flow Over a Stretching Surface with Variable Properties
Authors: Sarkar Arindam , Mondal Hiranmoy , Nandkeolyar Raj
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity on the stretching surface and heat transfer of a Powell-Eyring fluid with the effect of nonlinear thermal radiation. The Prandtl number is also considered to be varying
within the boundary layer. The governing model which consists of a set of coupled non-linear partial differential equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations via suitable similarity transformations and then solved by a recent and reliable numerical method called
the spectral quasi-linearization method is used in the computational analysis. The result shows that there is large variation in the value of the Nusselt number and skin friction co-efficient.
Darcy-Forchheimer Flow of a Nanofluid Over a Porous Plate with Thermal Radiation and Brownian Motion
Authors: Essam M. Elsaid , Abedel-AaL Elsayed M.
Published: November 2022

This research looked at the effects of thermal radiation and Brownian motion on the mixed convection heat and mass transfer of nanofluid over a porous plate in a Darcy-Forchheimer flow. The controlling partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations and
numerically solved by using Runge-Kutta fourth-order alongside shooting approach. Different physical parameters’ effects on temperature, velocity, and concentration distribution are studied. In addition, the results are also graphically represented. The reduced local Nusselt number and
Sherwood number are shown and compared to previous investigations; the comparisons are extremely close. According to the results, the rate of heat transfer is lowered by 63.83% when the Brownian parameter is increased from 0.2 to 1 (in case of suction) and by 83.31% when the Brownian parameter
is increased from 0.2 to 1 (in the case of injection). Also, in the case of suction, thermophoresis parameters lowered it by 50.48%, and in the case of injection, it was reduced by 65.08%.
Analysis of Micro-Hybrid and Casson-Hybrid Nano-Convective and Radiative Fluid Flow in an Inclined Channel
Authors: Upadhya S. Mamatha , Raju C. S. K , Vajravelu K. , Guinovart-Sanjuán D.
Published: November 2022

The underlying intension of this study is to oversee the entropy generation due to Casson-micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow in an inclined microchannel. Magnesium oxide (MgO) and Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles are considered with a base fluid of polyethylene glycol (PEG).
The proposed system of nonlinear differential equations is numerically solved with a shooting procedure (R-K 4th order). Outcomes obtained for the velocity f (ζ), the micro rotation g (ζ), the Bejan number Be, the Entropy generation Ns, and
the temperature distribution θ (ζ) are elucidated via graphs. A comparative study of obtained results with previously published results are also discoursed. One of the interesting outcomes of this study is found to be—an increase in the radiation reduces the
fluid temperature at the center of the microchannel and the Bejan number profiles postulate that the heat transfer irreversibility dominates around the center of the microchannel.
Bioconvective Peristaltic Transport of a Nano Eyring-Powell Fluid in a Vertical Asymmetric Channel with Gyrotactic Microorganism
Authors: Vaidya H. , Prasad K. V. , Vajravelu K. , Rajashekhar C. , Viharika J. U. , Guinovart-Sanjuan D.
Published: November 2022

Peristaltic nanofluid’s flow due to the enhanced thermal performances of nanoparticles and their importance in many sectors play a vital role in medicine, cosmetics, manufacturing, and engineering processes. In this regard, the current theoretical work examines the swimming behavior
of migratory gyrotactic microorganisms in a non- Newtonian blood-based nanofluid that is subjected to a magnetic field. The addition of motile microorganisms improves heat and mass transmission by stabilizing the nanoparticle suspension created by the combined actions of buoyancy force and
magnetic field. This fluid pattern may display both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid properties. Continuity, temperature, motile microbe, momentum, and concentration equations are used in the mathematical formulation. The series solutions are found using the perturbation technique, and the
leading parameters are described using graphs. Further, the impact of various physical constraints on different physiological quantities is addressed and illustrated through graphs and is pondered in detail. Bioconvection reduces the density of gyrotactic bacteria, according to the findings.
Such findings are beneficial to biomedical sciences and engineering. Microorganisms are helpful in the breakdown of organic matter, the production of oxygen, and the maintenance of human health.
Diffusion Thermo and Chemical Reaction Effects on Magnetohydrodynamic Jeffrey Nanofluid Over an Inclined Vertical Plate in the Presence of Radiation Absorption and Constant Heat Source
Authors: Raghunath K. , Ramana R. Mohana , Reddy V. Ramachandra , Obulesu M.
Published: November 2022

This article investigates the Diffusion thermo and chemical reaction effects on the free convection heat and mass transfer flow of Jeffrey nanofluids (Cu and TiO2) over an inclined porous vertical plate embedded in a porous medium in the presence of radiation absorption and
constant heat source under fluctuating boundary conditions. The plate is moved with a constant velocity U0, temperature and the concentration are assumed to be fluctuating with time harmonically from a constant mean at the plate. Perturbation technique is applied to solve
the governing equations of the flow and pointed out the variations in velocity, temperature and concentration with the use of graphical presentations. The impact of several parameters on local skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number is also noticed and discussed. It is concluded
that the resultant velocity reduces with increasing Jeffrey parameter and Suction parameter, velocity and Temperature enhances with increasing Radiation absorption parameter. Also it is noticed that the solutal boundary layer thickness decreases with an increase in chemical reaction parameter.
It is because chemical molecular diffusivity reduces for higher values of Kr.
Heat Transfer of Casson Fluid in Poiseuille Flow of Carbon Nanotubes: A Power Series Approach
Authors: Hazarika Silpi , Ahmed Sahin , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: November 2022

Combination of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with Human blood as base fluid indicates the enhancement of heat transport in Poiseuille flow and this physical phenomenon could not possible in normal liquids. Usually, when blood cells get touch with external surfaces, the platelets of blood
become activated and form blood clots. Therefore, we have considered blood compatible CNT, so that chosen base fluid (blood) can easily pass through it. Due to the higher thermal conductivity, CNTs play an important role to enhance the heat transport in blood flow. These features lead to the
novelty of this investigation to study the heat transport of Casson fluid through CNTs in unsteady MHD free convective Poiseuille flow with thermal radiation. Such study consigns practical applications in manufacturing of drugs, biomedical and Tissue engineering, biosensor and other applications
in myocardial therapy, neuronal and muscle regeneration. The non-dimensional governing equations are formulated and solved analytically through classical Perturbation Technique and the analysis of results are drawn in smooth curves via MATLAB code. Significant results for different implanted
parameters are compared between SWCNT and MWCNT and their significant behaviours are plotted graphically. The obtained results indicate that Casson parameter accelerates the flow velocity for MWCNT and SWCNT. Furthermore, interesting behavior on the outlines of velocity for SWCNT and MWCNT
due to the presence of Schmidt number, Peclet number and Reynolds number are detected. Comparison with previously published work has been inspected and originated excellent agreement.
Wind–Wave Interaction for Strong Winds
Authors: Janssen Peter A. E. M. , Bidlot Jean-Raymond
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we revisit the problem of wind–wave interaction with emphasis on strong winds. For these events, it is assumed that nonlinearity is so large that the slope of the wind waves has reached a limiting steepness. Recent observations suggest that the drag decreases with wind in the strong wind speed regime. In this paper, we try to explain this. In the first step, we introduce a model for surface gravity waves and calculate explicitly the background roughness length from the original approach of Janssen. It is found that for young, steep wind sea, the background roughness length almost vanishes, giving a reduced drag. In addition, it is shown that for steep waves, the slowing down of the wind by waves is a nonlinear process; hence, the growth rate of the waves by wind depends in a nonlinear fashion on the wave spectrum. For strong winds, it is found that, as waves are typically steep, this nonlinear effect gives a further reduction of the wind input. As a consequence, in these extreme circumstances, the drag coefficient decreases with wind.
A One-Step-Ahead Ensemble Kalman Smoothing Approach Toward Estimating the Tropical Cyclone Surface-Exchange Coefficients
Authors: Nystrom Robert G. , Snyder Chris , El Gharamti Mohamad
Published: November 2022

In this study, a one-step-ahead ensemble Kalman smoother (EnKS) is introduced for the purposes of parameter estimation. The potential for this system to provide new constraints on the surface-exchange coefficients of momentum (Cd) and enthalpy (Ck) is then explored using a series of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). The surface-exchange coefficients to be estimated within the data assimilation system are highly uncertain, especially at high wind speeds, and are well known to be important model parameters influencing the intensity and structure of tropical cyclones in numerical simulations. One major benefit of the developed one-step-ahead EnKS is that it allows for simultaneous updates of the rapidly evolving model state variables found in tropical cyclones using a short assimilation window and a long smoother window for the parameter updates, granting sufficient time for sensitivity to the parameters to develop. Overall, OSSEs demonstrate potential for this approach to accurately constrain parameters controlling the amplitudes of Cd and Ck, but the degree of success in recovering the truth model parameters varies throughout the tropical cyclone life cycle. During the rapid intensification phase, rapidly growing errors in the model state project onto the parameter updates and result in an overcorrection of the parameters. After the rapid intensification phase, however, the parameters are correctly adjusted back toward the truth values. Last, the relative success of parameter estimation in recovering the truth model parameter values also has sensitivity to the ensemble size and smoothing forecast length, each of which are explored.

Significance Statement

Large uncertainty in the surface-exchange coefficients of momentum and heat/moisture exists for hurricane conditions. This is a problem because the numerical weather model predictions of hurricane intensity and storm structure are sensitive to the surface-exchange coefficient values used. In this study we use data assimilation, or the relationships estimated between the surface-exchange coefficients and forecasted observations, to constrain uncertainty in the model’s surface-exchange coefficient values. More specifically, an approach to limit both the rapidly growing errors associated with the hurricane itself and the hurricane’s accumulated response to the surface-exchange coefficient values is presented. Overall, this approach has potential to accurately estimate the surface-exchange coefficients, but the success depends on the number of forecast realizations used and how rapidly the hurricane is changing.
A numerical investigation of inter-carriage gap configurations on the aerodynamic performance of a wind-tunnel train model
Authors: Zhang Jie , Adamu Abdulmalik , Han Shuai , Wang Fan , Gao Guangjun , Gidado Faisal
Published: November 2022

The influence of different inter-carriage gap configurations, including end wall geometries (3 cases) and gap spacings (0, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, and 30 mm), on the aerodynamic characteristics of a wind-tunnel train was investigated. The shear stress transport (SST) k- ω turbulence model was employed to determine the airflow features of the train at Re = 2.25 × 106. For validation, the numerical drag force and pressure distributions on the streamlined heads were compared with the experimental benchmark of wind tunnel experiment. The numerical data show that substantial variations in the flow fields, pressure distributions and aerodynamic forces are observed between the trains with and without gap spacings, no matter which configuration is employed. As the gap spacing increases, the airflow along train body rushes into the gap easily, causing the formation of vortices at the gap between the internal and external windshields. The decreasing restriction of flow in the gap also contributes to the pressure differences on the end walls. With the increase of gap spacings, the pressure on both of the first and second inter-carriage gaps is decreased, and it on the first one is a little higher than that on the second at each gap spacing. The end wall geometry affects the flow structures around the train, especially in the region below half-height of the train. This results in a difference in the boundary layer thicknesses and drag contribution in all cases. The discrepancy of end wall geometry causes a substantial variation in the aerodynamic drag between different cases. As gap spacing increases, the aerodynamic drag of the head car decreases, while those of the middle and rear cars increase significantly. When the three cases are compared, the discrepancy of the total aerodynamic drag of Case 1 is the smallest when compared to the base case with a minimum of 0.03% at 10 mm gap spacing and followed by 0.05% at 8 mm. Therefore, to determine the aerodynamic forces for high-speed trains with fully enclosed inter-carriage configuration in wind tunnel test, having a high comparative value as the actual trains, the end wall geometry in Case 1 is recommended with a gap spacing of 10 mm or 8 mm.
A new approach to the stylistic analysis of humour
Authors: Haines Alice
Published: November 2022

This article presents a new model of humour that can be used in the successful analysis of how and why literature can be found humorous. It deconstructs the theory that the perception of incongruity leads to the recognition of humour, proposing instead that the relationship between humour and incongruity is, in fact, the reverse of that generally assumed. I propose that humour is a process through which the familiar is brought to attention. One way this can occur is by drawing attention to the unnoticed contrasts between objects, making the familiar appear incongruous. The process can be modelled as a subjective construal (Langacker, 2008) in which the participants, and the process itself, are made prominent. This draws attention to the relationship between participants and to their shared experience of the world. I present an illustrative case study of subtle literary humour with an analysis of a passage from the short story ‘The Mouse’ by Saki (1910), demonstrating that, by modelling humour in the way I propose, it can be successfully explained using frameworks already in use in stylistic investigation.
Tailored saturation functions and its application to liquid uptake processes in fibrous composite reinforcements
Authors: Vas László M , Gombos Zoltán , Nagy Veronika , Halász Marianna
Published: November 2022

Saturation processes occur in almost every theoretical and practical field, e.g. liquid uptake within fibrous composite reinforcements. These processes require appropriate mathematical functions to model them and use them for design purposes. This includes assessing the saturation level, especially in microfluidic processes of fibrous composite reinforcements. This paper proposes a mathematical approach that uses a simple and well-known saturation function with modification through variable transformations and/or linear combinations. When the initial asymptotic behaviour is numerically known, this modified function provides a tailored and robust approximation of the measured saturation process and makes it possible to assess the asymptotic saturation level as well. A saturation function based on micro-tensiometer measurements and a simple exponential function was applied to validate this method. The mathematical approach was validated by test results based on distilled water uptake in polyester yarns and unsaturated polyester (UP) resin absorption within fibreglass chopped strand mats. In both cases, a good correlation was found between the experimental results and the applied mathematical approach, where the determination coefficients were higher than 0.989.
The weaponization of private corporate infrastructure: Internet fragmentation and coercive diplomacy in the 21st century
Authors: Ortiz Freuler Juan
Published: November 2022

In the early 1990s, US leaders promoted the internet as post-nation “global information infrastructure.” However, throughout the 2000s, critical internet infrastructure became centralized under the tight control of a handful of US-based multinational companies. This paper examines the US government’s willingness to leverage its regulatory control over privately run critical infrastructure to exercise massive internet surveillance ( pulling information from sovereign states), massive influence campaigns ( pushing information into sovereign states), and, increasingly, to levy unilateral cyber-sanctions on other sovereign states ( cutting information flows through blockages and digital lock-outs). The US government is now asserting its territorial sovereignty over what it had presented as global infrastructure in order to advance its narrow national goals. I argue that the weaponization of corporate internet infrastructure by the US government marks a new era of internet governance and is one of the key drivers of what is often discussed as internet fragmentation in internet governance forums.
Repair of Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery Causing Dysphagia Lusoria via Partial Median Sternotomy
Authors: An Kevin R. , Deng Mimi X. , Freud Lindsay R. , Honjo Osami
Published: November 2022

While unusual, aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSCA) can occasionally be a source of significant dysphagia in children. We present a case of a 13-year-old female who reported a three-year history of dysphagia to solid foods and was found to have ARSCA on a barium swallow study and computed tomography scan of the chest. We reimplanted the ARSCA into the right carotid artery in end-to-side fashion using a partial median sternotomy approach. At six months follow-up, her symptoms had completely resolved, and her postoperative echocardiogram showed an unobstructed reimplanted ARSCA. Meeting presentation: AATS 102nd Annual Meeting; May 14, 2022; Boston, MA.