bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing the in-air growth of large area of 3D functional structures into a 2D supramolecular nanoporous network
Authors: Brisse Romain , Guianvarc'h Dominique , Mansuy Christelle , Sagan Sandrine , Kreher David , Sosa-Vargas Lydia , Hamitouche Lydia , Humblot Vincent , Arfaoui Imad , Labet Vanessa , Paris Céline , Petit Christophe , Attias André-Jean
Published: August 2018

2D host–guest chemistry combined with drop-casting allows to trap functionalized 3D Zn–phthalocyanine complex into a large 2D porous supramolecular template.
Molten salt-assisted a-axis-oriented growth of Ta3N5 nanorod arrays with enhanced charge transport for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Shi Zhan , Xu Zhe , Feng Jianyong , Huang Huiting , Qian Qinfeng , Yan Shicheng , Zou Zhigang
Published: August 2018

Molten salt-assisted a-axis-oriented growth of Ta3N5 nanorod arrays with enhanced charge transport for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation.
Effect of density on the thermal decomposition mechanism of ε-CL-20: a ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Wang Fuping , Chen Lang , Geng Deshen , Lu Jianying , Wu Junying
Published: August 2018

We used reactive molecular dynamics for the first time to study the thermal decomposition of a new high-energy explosive (CL-20) under different compressions.
Femtosecond infrared spectroscopy reveals the primary events of the ferrioxalate actinometer
Authors: Straub Steffen , Brünker Paul , Lindner Jörg , Vöhringer Peter
Published: August 2018

Ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy unravels the primary processes of Hatchard and Parker's ferrioxalate actinometer – a widely used tool in the photochemistry community.
Solar photocatalysis with modified TiO2 photocatalysts: effects on NOM and disinfection byproduct formation potential
Authors: Gora Stephanie , Sokolowski Aleksandra , Hatat-Fraile Melisa , Liang Robert , Zhou Y. Norman , Andrews Susan
Published: August 2018

The overall reactivity of natural organic matter from river water towards chlorine was increased by solar TiO2 treatment with TiO2 nanomaterials modified with nitrogen, boron, or silver to improve their solar light utilization.
A comparison of interviews, focus groups, and photovoice to identify sanitation priorities and increase success of community-based sanitation systems
Authors: Davis Allie , Javernick-Will Amy , Cook Sherri M.
Published: August 2018

Semi-structured interviews with females and community members identified the greatest number of unique and most priorities in resource-limited communities.
Time-dependent shotgun proteomics revealed distinct effects of an organoruthenium prodrug and its activation product on colon carcinoma cells
Authors: Meier-Menches Samuel M. , Zappe Katja , Bileck Andrea , Kreutz Dominique , Tahir Ammar , Cichna-Markl Margit , Gerner Christopher
Published: August 2018

The target spectrum and cellular effects of a metallo-prodrug can be separated from its activated species by time-dependent shotgun proteomics.
Shape-dependent thermo-plasmonic effect of nanoporous gold at the nanoscale for ultrasensitive heat-mediated remote actuation
Authors: Yang Zhe , Han Xuemei , Lee Hiang Kwee , Phan-Quang Gia Chuong , Koh Charlynn Sher Lin , Lay Chee Leng , Lee Yih Hong , Miao Yue-E , Liu Tianxi , Phang In Yee , Ling Xing Yi
Published: August 2018

Nanoscale shaping of NPG's thermo-plasmonic effect is investigated to optimize localized light-to-heat conversion and its application in ultrasensitive heat-mediated actuation.
Extraordinary lithium ion storage capability achieved by SnO2 nanocrystals with exposed {221} facets
Authors: Li Bomin , Yan Yan , Shen Chentong , Yu Yang , Wang Qinghong , Liu Mingkai
Published: August 2018

Integrated C/SnO2-O membranes containing SnO2 octahedrons with exposed {221} facets achieve extraordinary electrochemical performances for lithium ion storage.
In situ synthesis of porous Si dispersed in carbon nanotube intertwined expanded graphite for high-energy lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Tao , Wang Di , Qiu Ping , Zhang Jian , Wang Qian , Xia Baojia , Xie Xiaohua
Published: August 2018

A hierarchical CNT/EG/pSi composite with a robust structure is demonstrated to be a promising anode for use in high-energy lithium-ion batteries.
A facile approach to prepare porous polyamide films with enhanced electrochromic performance
Authors: Pan Bo-Cheng , Chen Wei-Hao , Hsiao Sheng-Huei , Liou Guey-Sheng
Published: August 2018

Preparation of porous polyamide films by a facile method could effectively enhance penetration of counter ions to reduce the response time of the obtained electrochromic devices.
Rational inert-basal-plane activating design of ultrathin 1T′ phase MoS2 with a MoO3 heterostructure for enhancing hydrogen evolution performances
Authors: Xue Xiaoyi , Zhang Jianan , Saana Ibrahim Amiinu , Sun Jian , Xu Qun , Mu Shichun
Published: August 2018

Hollow nanoflakes with 1T′-MoS2/MoO3 heterojunction nanosheets were simply synthesized and explored as a very robust catalyst for hydrogen evolution.
Catalytic enantioselective and regioselective substitution of 2,3-indolyldimethanols with enaminones
Authors: Lu Yi-Nan , Ma Chun , Lan Jin-Ping , Zhu Caiqiang , Mao Yu-Jia , Mei Guang-Jian , Zhang Shu , Shi Feng
Published: August 2018

2,3-Indolyldimethanols as a new class of indolyldimethanols have been designed, and the first catalytic asymmetric substitution of 2,3-indolyldimethanols has been established by using cyclic enaminones as nucleophiles.
DDQ-mediated direct C(sp3)–H phosphorylation of xanthene derivatives
Authors: Chen Qian , Wang Xiaofeng , Yu Guodian , Wen Chunxiao , Huo Yanping
Published: August 2018

A direct route to alkylphosphonates has been achievedviaDDQ-mediated cross-dehydrogenative coupling between diarylphosphine oxides and xanthene derivatives.
Development of reprocessable novel sulfur-containing epoxy based on thermal treatment
Authors: Li Mengyu , Liu Ning , Chen Jinhang , Shi Kai , Li Qiaoling
Published: August 2018

Inspired by the Diels–Alder reaction, we synthesized self-healing epoxy resin (EP-DA) containing sulfur and sharing a large amount of π-electrons.
Inkjet printing and UV-LED curing of photochromic dyes for functional and smart textile applications
Authors: Seipel Sina , Yu Junchun , Periyasamy Aravin P. , Viková Martina , Vik Michal , Nierstrasz Vincent A.
Published: August 2018

Tuned performance of an inkjet-printed and UV-LED cured smart textile UV-sensor based on a photochromic dye using fabrication parameters.
A comprehensive study on the continuous flow synthesis of supported iron oxide nanoparticles on porous silicates and their catalytic applications
Authors: Yepez Alfonso , Prinsen Pepijn , Pineda Antonio , Balu Alina M. , Garcia Angel , Lam Frank L. Y. , Luque Rafael
Published: August 2018

The present work demonstrates an efficient continuous flow methodology for the preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles supported on porous silicates.
Synthetic biology approaches and combinatorial biosynthesis towards heterologous lipopeptide production
Authors: Yan Fu , Burgard Christian , Popoff Alexander , Zaburannyi Nestor , Zipf Gregor , Maier Josef , Bernauer Hubert S. , Wenzel Silke C. , Müller Rolf
Published: August 2018

Synthetic biology techniques coupled with heterologous secondary metabolite production offer opportunities for the discovery and optimisation of natural products.
Hierarchical heterostructure NiCo2O4@CoMoO4/NF as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Gong Yaqiong , Yang Zhi , Lin Yu , Wang JinLei , Pan Hailong , Xu Zhoufeng
Published: August 2018

The as-obtained NiCo2O4@CoMoO4/NF-7 electrode exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance and extraordinary durability for OER, HER, and overall water splitting.
Vertically aligned MoS2 on Ti3C2 (MXene) as an improved HER catalyst
Authors: Attanayake Nuwan H. , Abeyweera Sasitha C. , Thenuwara Akila C. , Anasori Babak , Gogotsi Yury , Sun Yugang , Strongin Daniel R.
Published: August 2018

Vertically aligned interlayer expanded (IE) MoS2 on a Ti3C2Tx (MXene) support as an efficient electrocatalytic HER catalyst.
Copper-modulated bismuth nanocrystals alter the formate formation pathway to achieve highly selective CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Zu Meng Yang , Zhang Le , Wang Chongwu , Zheng Li Rong , Yang Hua Gui
Published: August 2018

The local electronic environment of Bi atoms is modulated by Cu-element doping, guaranteeing efficient HCOOH formation via an OCHO* intermediate.
From monometallic Au nanowires to trimetallic AuPtRh nanowires: interface control for the formic acid electrooxidation
Authors: Li Fumin , Ding Yu , Xiao Xue , Yin Shibin , Hu Mancheng , Li Shuni , Chen Yu
Published: August 2018

Trimetallic AuPtRh nanowires with advanced Au/Pt/Rh interface exhibit excellent mass activity (8.05 A mgPt−1), specific activity (14.3 mA cm−2), and catalytic stability for the formic acid oxidation reaction.
Designing conjugated microporous polymers for visible light-promoted photocatalytic carbon–carbon double bond cleavage in aqueous medium
Authors: Ayed Cyrine , Caire da Silva Lucas , Wang Di , Zhang Kai A. I.
Published: August 2018

A structural design of conjugated microporous polymers for the photocatalytic carbon–carbon double bond cleavage is presented.
NaCl-templated synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon with extremely large specific surface area and improved graphitization degree for high energy density lithium ion capacitors
Authors: Shi Ruiying , Han Cuiping , Li Hongfei , Xu Lei , Zhang Tengfei , Li Junqin , Lin Zhiqun , Wong Ching-Ping , Kang Feiyu , Li Baohua
Published: August 2018

This work demonstrates egg-white derived activated carbon with exceptionally high specific surface area and improved graphitization degree using NaCl template.
Improving the carrier stability and drug loading of unimolecular micelle-based nanotherapeutics for acid-activated drug delivery and enhanced antitumor therapy
Authors: Shi Xiaoxiao , Bai Shuang , Yang Cangjie , Ma Xiaoqian , Hou Meili , Chen Jiucun , Xue Peng , Li Chang Ming , Kang Yuejun , Xu Zhigang
Published: August 2018

Nanomedicines based on unimolecular micelles (UMs) have shown unique advantages such as high micellar stability, programmed cargo delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficiency.
Extremely stretchable and electrically conductive hydrogels with dually synergistic networks for wearable strain sensors
Authors: Wang Zhiwen , Zhou Hongwei , Lai Jialiang , Yan Bo , Liu Hanbin , Jin Xilang , Ma Aijie , Zhang Gai , Zhao Weifeng , Chen Weixing
Published: August 2018

Extremely stretchable and electrically conductive PAA/PANI hydrogels with dually synergistic networks are fabricated for wearable resistive-type strain sensors.
Self-cleaning, high transmission, near unity haze OTS/silica nanostructured glass
Authors: Haghanifar Sajad , Lu Ping , Kayes Md Imrul , Tan Susheng , Kim Ki-Joong , Gao Tongchuan , Ohodnicki Paul , Leu Paul W.
Published: August 2018

High transparency, high haze substrates with self-cleaning functionality, can be used in advanced optoelectronic applications.
Anion-induced ionic liquid crystals of diphenylviologens
Authors: Wang Ren-Tzong , Lee Gene-Hsiang , Lai Chung K.
Published: August 2018

Two series of ionic liquid crystals derived from diphenylviologens, 1 and 2, were prepared and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were also investigated.
X‐band 1/4λ dielectric‐strip resonator filter
Authors: Yang Wen‐Wen , Zhu Yan‐Yuan , Chen Jian‐Xin
Published: August 2018

A novel quarter‐guided‐wavelength (1/4λ) dielectric‐strip resonator (DSR) with one short‐circuited end is proposed to design a compact and low‐loss filter at X‐band. One end of the DSR is metallised and then shorted to ground effectively to achieve a half‐cut conversion from 1/2λ DSR. As a result, the resonator length is reduced by half while the unloaded quality factor (Qu) of the 1/4λ DSR only has a slight reduction as compared to the corresponding 1/2λ DSR. For demonstration, a third‐order DSR bandpass filter centred at 10.45 GHz is designed, implemented and measured. Good agreement between simulated and measured results can be obtained, showcasing the advantages of compact size and low loss.
Performance evaluation of IEC 61850 GOOSE‐based inter‐substation communication for accelerated distance protection scheme
Authors: Aftab Mohd Asim , Roostaee Saeed , Suhail Hussain S.M. , Ali Ikbal , Thomas Mini S. , Mehfuz Shabana
Published: August 2018

Distance protection is the most widely used protection technique for transmission line protection due to its enhanced selectivity towards fault, fast response, and availability of various relay programming algorithms. However, when faults are detected in zone 2 of a relay, instantaneous tripping is not possible and are cleared after an inherent time delay. Sometimes, this increased disturbance duration may lead to system instability, power quality problems, or may result in increased plant damage. To address this issue, communication‐assisted accelerated distance protection has been employed. To have this communication for tele‐protection through standardised and interoperable means, an IEC 61850 GOOSE‐based communication‐assisted distance protection scheme is employed. This IEC 61850 GOOSE‐based accelerated scheme must meet the stringent performance requirements. Thus, this study presents the experimental validation and performance evaluation of IEC 61850 GOOSE‐based accelerated protection scheme by transporting GOOOSE messages through tunnelling in inter‐substation for accelerated distance protection scheme. A system‐in‐the‐loop platform has been developed to analyse the end‐to‐end delay performances of GOOSE messages under different WAN scenarios here. It has been found that for worst‐case scenario, there is a significant operating time saving in the proposed scheme.
Development of lossless compression algorithms for power system operational data
Authors: Sarkar Subhra J. , Kundu Palash K. , Sarkar Gautam
Published: August 2018

Power system measurement is extremely crucial for the stable power system operation and results in the generation of bulk data. This enormous volume of data must be transferred from field devices to the control centre and must be preserved for future references. Analysis of practical generation scheduling and monitoring data indicates its repetitive and slow varying nature. A simple, low‐computational compression algorithm, the differential binary encoded algorithm (DBEA), is developed for compressing such information and a high compression ratio is achieved for the majority of practical data sets. To overcome the constraints of the DBEA, extended version of DBEA (E‐DBEA) is developed which increases the range of input at the expense of compression ratio. Resumable load data compression algorithm (RLDA) is a differential coding‐based algorithm developed for compressing load profile data. Comparison of the performance obtained by the DBEA, E‐DBEA and RLDA with practical data sets clearly indicates the effectiveness of the DBEA and E‐DBEA. The online test bench of the DBEA and E‐DBEA consists of two inter connected PCs, one working as virtual load despatch centre and other as virtual generating station or sub‐station. Due to the simplicity of the proposed work, it can be useful for data storage and data transfer both at high‐level PCs and low‐level microcontrollers.
Integrated passive device fabricated and chip‐on‐board packaged filter employing mixed electric–magnetic coupling scheme
Authors: Liang Jun‐Ge , Wang Cong , Kim Nam‐Young
Published: August 2018

Compact and high‐performance radio‐frequency devices require several optimisation processes in the design, fabrication, and packaging, as well as a thorough reliability verification. The authors propose a compact planar dual‐band bandpass filter comprising mixed electric–magnetic coupling open‐loop resonators. To increase the coupling performance and minimise the structure size, the resonators were topologically optimised into both external stepped‐impedance resonators and internal half‐wavelength spiral resonators. Besides the electric length of the resonators, the centre frequencies and transmission zeros were tuned to the desired values by controlling the coupling coefficients and quality factors. Moreover, in their design, the in‐band flatness and bandwidth can also be adjusted. To validate their approach, they fabricated a filter on a gallium arsenide substrate using the advanced‐integrated passive device process. Then, the filter was packaged by attaching it to a printed circuit board using a chip‐on‐board technique. The measurement results were consistent with those obtained from a simulation. A series of tests verified that the utilised fabrication and packaging techniques notably enhance the device reliability and its long‐term stability even in harsh environments.
Circuit arrangement to suppress crosstalk in chemo‐resistive sensor arrays
Authors: Chowdhury Shambo Roy , Bhondekar Amol P. , Kumar Ritesh , Bagchi Sudeshna , Kaur Rishemjit , Karar Vinod
Published: August 2018

Modern electronic nose and such systems, typically employ gas sensors in arrays. Access to the individual elements in an m × n resistive sensor array requires m + n interconnect lines and effect of crosstalk becomes inevitable. The crosstalk is caused due to the leakage currents in the multiplexer channels as well as the parasitic paths among the non‐selected elements in the array. Here, the authors present a novel circuit arrangement to suppress crosstalk in two‐dimensional chemo‐resistive sensor arrays. The proposed circuit employs a transistorised bypassing scheme, diodes in series and voltage feedback to non‐selected elements of an array for crosstalk elimination. Simulation results of a resistive sensor array are presented. Finally, the proposed arrangement has been applied on an 8 × 2 sensor array and the result has been compared with the same array with a normal feedback arrangement for data acquisition. The work can also be extended for general resistive sensor arrays.
Extreme quasars at high redshift
Authors: Martínez-Aldama M. L. , del Olmo A. , Marziani P. , Sulentic J. W. , Negrete C. A. , Dultzin D. , D’Onofrio M. , Perea J.
Published: August 2018

Context. Quasars radiating at extreme Eddington ratios (hereafter xA quasars) are likely a prime mover of galactic evolution and have been hailed as potential distance indicators. Their properties are still scarcely known.

Aims. We aim to test the effectiveness of the selection criteria defined on the “4D Eigenvector 1” (4DE1) for identifying xA sources. We provide a quantitative description of their rest-frame UV spectra (1300–2200 Å) in the redshift range 2 ≲ z ≲ 2.9, with a focus on major emission features.

Methods. Nineteen extreme quasar candidates were identified using 4DE1 selection criteria applied to SDSS spectra: Al IIIλ1860Si IIIλ1892 ≳0.5 and C IIIλ1909/Si IIIλ1892 ≲1. The emission line spectra was studied using multicomponent fits of deep spectroscopic observations (S/N  ≳  40 − 50; spectral resolution ≈250 km s−1) obtained with the OSIRIS at Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC).

Results. GTC spectra confirm that almost all of these quasars are xA sources with very similar properties. We provide spectrophotometric and line profile measurements for the Si IVλ1397+O  IV, C IVλ1549+He  IIλ1640, and the 1900 Å blend. This last feature is found to be predominantly composed of Al IIIλ1860, Si IIIλ1892 and Fe III emission features, with weak C IIIλ1909. The spectra can be characterized as very low ionization (ionization parameter, logU ∼ −3), a condition that explains the significant Fe III emission observed in the spectra. xA quasars show extreme properties in terms of C IVλ1549 equivalent width and blueshift amplitudes. C IVλ1549 shows low equivalent width, with a median value of 15 Å (≲30 Å for the most sources), and high or extreme blueshift amplitudes (–5000 ≲ c(1/2) ≲ –1000 km s−1). Weak-lined quasars appear as extreme xA quasars and not as an independent class. The C IVλ1549 high amplitude blueshifts coexists in all cases save one with symmetric and narrower Al IIIλ1860 and Si IIIλ1892 profiles. Estimates of the Eddington ratio using the Al IIIλ1860 FWHM as a virial broadening estimator are consistent with the ones of a previous xA sample.

Conclusions. xA quasars show distinguishing properties that make them easily identifiable in large surveys and potential “standard candles” for cosmological applications. It is now feasible to assemble large samples of xA quasars from the latest data releases of the SDSS. We provide evidence that Al IIIλ1860 could be associated with a low-ionization virialized subsystem, supporting previous suggestions that Al III is a reliable virial broadening estimator.
Évaluation pluri-critères de l’agriculture biologique en Afrique subsaharienne par élicitation probabiliste des connaissances d’experts
Authors: Andriamampianina Landy , Temple Ludovic , de Bon Hubert , Malézieux Eric , Makowski David
Published: August 2018

De nombreux agriculteurs africains pratiquent des formes d’agriculture potentiellement qualifiables de « biologiques ». Pourtant, la capacité de l’agriculture biologique à répondre aux enjeux de la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique est encore mal connue, car il existe peu de références expérimentales disponibles dans cette région. L’élicitation probabiliste est une méthode permettant de rendre compte de manière précise des connaissances d’experts sur une ou plusieurs quantités d’intérêt, et de décrire les niveaux d’incertitude associés. L’objectif de cette étude est de montrer comment cette approche permet de pallier le manque de données expérimentales quantitatives sur l’agriculture biologique en Afrique. L’élicitation probabiliste a été appliquée au Sénégal, au Burkina Faso et au Cameroun, en mobilisant 17 experts pour comparer les performances des agricultures biologique et conventionnelle sur la sécurité alimentaire locale en Afrique subsaharienne, en considérant plusieurs indicateurs quantitatifs. Les résultats montrent que les rendements des systèmes biologiques sont inférieurs d’environ 41 % à ceux des systèmes conventionnels, tandis que les prix des produits issus de l’agriculture biologique sont supérieurs de 34 % à ceux des produits issus de l’agriculture conventionnelle. Nos résultats montrent également que le coût en main-d’œuvre, mesuré en nombre d’homme-jours par unité de surface cultivée, est plus élevé dans les systèmes biologiques. Cette étude est la première à montrer l’intérêt de l’élicitation probabiliste des connaissances d’experts pour évaluer des systèmes de culture dans des situations où les données expérimentales sont rares ou peu fiables.
University of Turin performance in UI GreenMetric Energy and Climate Change
Authors: Baricco Marcello , Tartaglino Andrea , Gambino Paolo , Dansero Egidio , Cottafava Dario , Cavaglià Gabriela
Published: August 2018

At the University of Turin (UniTo) the first attempt to reduce the ecological footprint dates back to 2006. In 2013 UniTo participated, for the first time, to the GreenMetric World University Rankings and it launched its most ambitious sustainable initiatives by publishing the first annual University Sustainability Report. Since 2013, several efforts have been made to reduce carbon emissions, to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, as well as for reducing water consumption, improving waste management, promoting sustainable mobility, and increasing ecological purchases. The most recent achievement was in 2016, when the University Green Office (UniToGO) was established. Concerning the energy management, UniTo may be considered as a “city within a city”: it counts about 70,000 students and 4,000 academic and administrative-technical staff studying and working in about 120 buildings, with an annual primary energy cost of over 10 M€. Thanks to UniToGO, UniTo adopted an Energy Plan with the aim to reduce primary energy consumption, to improve buildings energy efficiency and to increase the energy production from renewable energy. As a result, several actions relevant for GreenMetric were performed: the renovation of old chiller and substitution of new energy efficient LED, the implementation of Smart Building Systems (BEMS) for HVAC plants and the adoption of an OpenData policy for energy consumption, the increase of renewable energy production, mainly due to three cogeneration plants, and the adoption of a university policy in order to buy only renewable energy from the current Distribution System Operator. Moreover, UniTo took several efforts to improve or to design elements of green buildings in a partecipatory way. Finally, during 2017, the Environmental Sustainability Action Plan was set-up to plan future actions related to five sustainability fields: Energy, Food, Green Public Procurement, Mobility and Waste.
Challenges of sustainability efforts of universities regarding the sustainable development goals: a case study in the University of Zanjan, Iran
Authors: Najafian Seyed Mohsen , Karamidehkordi Esmail
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this presentation is to introduce some activities and programmes of the University of Zanjan in changing its campus environment towards a sustainable campus, emphasising setting and infrastructure, waste management, water management, and education and research. This comprehensive university with over 10000 students and 1000 staff is located in a semiarid area with a campus area of 421 ha and is 6 km away from the Zanjan City, center of Zanjan Province. In over four decades, it has expanded its tree cultivation to over 72 hectares, and its total vegetation area covers over 94 percent of total campus area. The university has increased and improved its investment on sustainability, smart buildings and water management in both buildings and vegetated areas. The waste management programmes have been implemented through using electronic correspondence and document submission in different activities of the university; separating plastics, glasses and papers and waste recycling; toxic waste handling in all labs; composting organic waste; inorganic waste management; and recycling sewage disposal. Though the university has provided free buses and shuttles to both staff and students inside the campus and between the city and campus to reduce private car use, it still needs to encourage bicycle use and improve its facilities to support it. Developing renewable energy for the future is still a challenge for this university and needs both innovation and investment. Students and academic staff have also been encouraged to move their conventional education and research methods and contents to more sustainable approaches, for example in courses syllabuses, student activities, research projects, publications and investments. The GreenMetric World University Ranking Network is expected to enhance its scope to contribute much more on sustainable development goals. A sustainable university should play an important role in innovation and technology research and development in sustainability; enhancing staff and students’ sustainability knowledge and social capacities; changing the campus environment to an Ecofriendly and sustainable environment; and enhancing social and human capacities of communities and public and private institutions.
BASE: a sustainable path for the University of Milano-Bicocca
Authors: Messa Cristina , Magatti Giacomo , Rossetti Massimiliano , Colleoni Matteo , Labra Massimo , Camatini Marina
Published: August 2018

Since its foundation, in 1998, the University of Milano-Bicocca has been pursuing the objective to make its structures sustainable from an environmental, social and economic point of view. To this end, in 2015 the University of Milano-Bicocca created BASE (Bicocca Ambiente Società Economia - Bicocca Environment Society Economy), an internal office aimed at promoting the interaction between research and training and at stimulating sustainability both within the University and outside. BASE proposes a holistic approach to sustainability including energy efficiency, waste reduction, sustainable mobility, climate change attention and water and food supply. The report will focus on the interventions recently carried out in the various fields, paying particular attention to the issues of waste management and of mobility.
Accelerating the transformation to a green university: University of Bahrain experience
Authors: Hamzah Riyad Y. , Alnaser Naser W. , Alnaser Waheeb E.
Published: August 2018

Many universities are striving to have an environmental impact on the society as they are considered as small communities aiming to be eco-friendly and having low CO2 emission. This concept has been emerging after the worldwide concern on the ozone depletion issue and global warming. As a result, many titles have appeared like “Green Universities”, “eco- friendly Universities,” “Environmental sustainable Universities” and “Environmentally responsible universities,” etc. This paper proposes a mechanism that allows universities to go green or become environmentally sustainable higher education bodies in a short span of time. It simply advises the universities to best practice the Environmental Sustainable Development Goals (ESDG’s) Components incorporated in the seventeen United Nation Sustainable Developments Goals (SDG’s) that were announced on the 25 th September 2015 by all leaders of the countries which were aimed to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all as part of a new sustainable development agenda where each goal has specific targets to be achieved over the next 15 years. These ESDG’s listed within the SDG’s are the following: 1) Good Health and Well-being. 2) Quality Education. 3) Clean Water and Sanitation. 4) Affordable and Clean Energy. 5) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure. 6) Sustainable Cities and Communities. 7) Climate Action. 8) Life below Water. 9) Life on Land. Therefore, incorporating such 9 Goals in the strategic planning of each worldwide university that has aligned its goals with the Country National Strategy - which by default includes these SDG’s - will accelerate and boost each university to transform to Green and Environmentally Sustainable campus. The paper also sheds light on the experience of University of Bahrain in this respect.
Mainstreaming sustainability science to enhance the impacts of “Tridharma” in higher education institution: IPB lessons learned and future direction
Authors: Satria Arif , Hidayat Aceng
Published: August 2018

The adoption of transdisciplinary approaches to address complexity and uncertainty of the problems has been recommended to formulate the effective solution. Although scientists have been working towards the direction, there have been still little integration on policy and concerted implementation to deal particularly with cross-cutting issues on food security, sustainable agriculture, renewable energy and other green development issues. Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) has recently adopted the concept of transdisciplinary and sustainability sciences to better integrate and utilize available resources and management strategies as stated in IPB’s Long-term Plan and in recent policy to establish Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences (IPB-CTSS). The drivers for this policy are actually the already established research, academic and community service consortia in which students, scientists, practitioners and policy makers have been working interdisciplinary towards effective solution for achieving better impacts of IPB Tridharma activities. We will discuss the lessons learned, challenges and opportunities identified as solid foundation to implement the concept for enhancing the better impacts of universities extended obligatory tasks on education, research, community services, innovation and business.
Reengineering sustainability at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM): travel & transportation
Authors: Razally Wahid , Sulaiman Noralfishah , Md. Rohani Munzilah , David Daniel Basil , Mat Radzuan Indera Syahrul , Mohd Junaid Thuwaibah
Published: August 2018

Conveniently situated in Parit Raja town which is also known as the “Education Town” in Johor, Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia (UTHM) is a member of Malaysian Technical University Network (MTUN). In pursuit of turning UTHM as a Green Campus, UTHM has its own ambitious targets for sustainability. It is committed to provide sustainable, efficient, convenient, and safe travel and transport to all students, staffs and visitors. The inception of Sustainable Campus Unit (SCU) in May 2010, showed that UTHM has doubled its green efforts and initiatives to provide sustainable travel and transport in the campus when and where possible. The formation of Strategy in Operation (SIO5): Travel & Transport in the SCU has encouraged active transportation and healthy commuting options in the campus by providing a wealth of innovative green transit options including bus, bicycle, pedestrian, and car. These options indeed will improve the quality of life on campus, strengthens UTHM ties to the neighbouring community, and reduces impacts on the environment as travel and transport system plays an important role on the carbon emission and pollutant level in university. This paper is therefore, trying to discuss some issues, measures and innovative strategies employed at UTHM as an integral part to achieve success in climbing the UI GreenMetric World University Ranking ladder.
A Highly Efficient Method for the Bromination of Alkenes, Alkynes and Ketones Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Oxalyl Bromide
Authors: Tian Hongyu , Sun Baoguo , Ding Rui , Li Jiaqi , Jiao Wenyi , Han Mengru , Liu Yongguo
Published: August 2018

The pairing of DMSO and oxalyl bromide is reported as a highly efficient brominating reagent for various alkenes, alkynes and ketones. This bromination approach demonstrates remarkable advantages, such as mild conditions, low cost, short reaction times, provides excellent yields in most cases and represents a very attractive alternative for the preparation of dibromides and α-bromoketones.
Merging Transition-Metal Catalysis with Photoredox Catalysis: An Environmentally Friendly Strategy for C–H Functionalization
Authors: Zhou Wen-Jun , Yu Da-Gang , Zhang Yi-Han , Gui Yong-Yuan , Sun Liang
Published: August 2018

Transition-metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization is already a useful tool in organic synthesis, whilst the rapid development of photoredox catalysis provides new pathways for C–H functionalization with high selectivity and efficiency under mild reaction conditions. In this review, recent advances in C–H functionalization through merging transition­-metal catalysis with photoredox catalysis are discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Merging Nickel Catalysis with Photoredox Catalysis

3 Merging Palladium Catalysis with Photoredox Catalysis

4 Merging Cobalt Catalysis with Photoredox Catalysis

5 Merging Photoredox Catalysis with Other Transition-Metal Catalysis­

6 Conclusions
Transition-Metal-Free, Visible-Light-Promoted C–S Cross-Coupling through Intermolecular Charge Transfer
Authors: Miyake Garret , Liu Bin , Lim Chern-Hooi
Published: August 2018

C–S cross-couplings are an important class of reactions ­applied across organic synthesis, materials science, and pharma­ceuticals. Several different methodologies have been developed to achieve this significant transformation. However, currently available synthetic procedures significantly rely on transition metals. This article describes historical developments in the field of transition-metal-catalyzed C–S cross-coupling reactions, the development of a visible-light-driven and catalyst-free approach to C–S bond formation, and future outlooks.
A Convenient Synthesis of Functionalized 2,3-Diazaspiro[4.4]nona-1,6,8-trienes
Authors: Yavari Issa , Sheykhahmadi Jamil , Bahemat Samira , Halvagar Mohammad
Published: August 2018

A convenient Michael addition/cyclization sequence of alkyl isocyanide–acetylenic ester zwitterionic adducts with various pyrazolone derivatives, leading to the formation of dialkyl 6-(alkylamino)-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-phenyl-9-aryl-2,3-diazaspiro[4.4]nona-1,6,8-triene-7,8-dicarboxylates in moderate to good yields, is described. The structure of the target compounds was confirmed by an X-ray diffraction study.
Gram-Scale Synthesis of β-Sulfonyl Styrenes
Authors: Chang Meng-Yang , Wu Yan-Shin , Hsiao Yu-Ting
Published: August 2018

A simple and gram-scale synthesis of β-sulfonyl styrenes has been developed starting from one-pot PPA (polyphosphoric acid)-catalyzed 1,1-diacetoxylation of arylacetaldehydes (ArCH2CHO) with acetic anhydride (Ac2O) followed by deacetoxylative sulfonylation of the resulting 1,1-diacetate intermediate with sodium sulfinates (RSO2Na) in good yields under solvent-free conditions.
Impact of offset energies on the yield of interfacial charge separation in molecular photocells
Authors: Aram Tahereh Nemati , Ernzerhof Matthias , Asgari Asghar , Mayou Didier
Published: August 2018

We display that the process of charge carriers’ separation at molecular photocells is a complex phenomenon that is controlled by the cumulative action of Coulomb interaction for electron-hole pairs and LUMO-LUMO offset energies. By applying quantum scattering theory and the Lippmann-Schwinger equation, we provide a comprehensive framework of the device operation in which the operating molecular photocell is described by a wave function. We find that depending on the magnitude of offset energies, the electron-hole interaction can normally decrease or abnormally increase the charge separation yield. To rationalize the results, we benefit from the spectral information provided in the model. Our analysis helps to optimize molecular photocells operation.
A prospectus on innovations in the plasma treatment of cancer
Authors: Keidar Michael
Published: August 2018

This prospectus outlines some new ideas regarding plasma application in medicine. In particular, plasma parameter adaptation might allow for real time modification of the chemical composition of plasma in an effort to optimize the plasma effect on cancer and normal cells. Nowadays, there is convincing evidence that plasma effects might play an important role in cancer therapy. Among others, understanding plasma discharge self-organization, the mechanisms driving transition between different discharge patterns, and the development of the plasma devices having multiple discharge modes are very important aspects.
Design and experimental demonstration of a circularly polarized mode converter for high-power microwave applications
Authors: Sun Yunfei , He Juntao , Yuan Chengwei , Zhang Qiang
Published: August 2018

A novel mode converter that can transform coaxial transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode into circularly polarized TE11 (CPT) mode was developed and experimentally studied with high-power microwave (HPM). The mode conversion is realized by two steps. First, the TEM mode is converted into linearly polarized TE11 (LPT) mode by the webbed-shaped balun structure. Second, the LPT mode is transformed into the CPT mode with the insertion of circular-arc diaphragms in a circular waveguide. In this paper, the principle of a mode converter working at 1.57 GHz is demonstrated, as well as the experimental results. The experimental and simulation results are in good agreement. At the central frequency, the conversion efficiency is more than 99.5%, the measured axial ratio approximates to 1.39 dB, and the power handling capacity is in excess of 1.5 GW. These measured results meet the demand for narrow-band HPM source application.
Ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in coupled layers with easy-plane and perpendicular magnetic anisotropies
Authors: Xu Jun-Wen , Sluka Volker , Kardasz Bartek , Pinarbasi Mustafa , Kent Andrew D.
Published: August 2018

Magnetic bilayers with different magnetic anisotropy directions are interesting for spintronic applications as they offer the possibility to engineer tilted remnant magnetization states. We investigate the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth of modes associated with two interlayer exchange-coupled ferromagnetic layers, the first a CoNi multilayer with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and the second a CoFeB layer with an easy-plane anisotropy. For antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling, a local maximum in the FMR linewidths is observed below a characteristic field. This is in contrast to what is found in uncoupled, ferromagnetically coupled and single ferromagnetic layers in which the FMR linewidth increases monotonically with field. We show that the existence of the local maximum as well as the characteristic field below which there is a dramatic increase in FMR linewidth can be understood using a macrospin model with Heisenberg-type exchange coupling between the layers.
Electrokinetic manipulation of the von Kármán vortex street in the wake of a confined cylinder. I. DC electric field
Authors: Barz Dominik P. J. , Scholz Mathias , Hardt Steffen
Published: August 2018

The present study is concerned with the numerical simulation of the pressure-driven flow around a confined cylinder subjected to a DC electric field. The flow situation differs from the conventional von Kármán vortex street flow in terms of confinement. Additionally, the DC electric field induces a very small but finite electrokinetic velocity at the cylinder surface in contrast to the no-slip velocity in the conventional case. Various numerical simulations are performed in the Laminar Vortex Shedding Regime to investigate the influence of the confinement and the direction and strength of the electric field. For flows without electrokinetic manipulation, the blockage ratio shifts the critical Reynolds number to higher values. Likewise, the dimensionless shedding frequency (Strouhal number) at a given Reynolds number increases with increasing blockage ratio. For flows with electrokinetic manipulation, the time that is required to obtain a steady Laminar Vortex Shedding Regime is reduced compared to the corresponding pure pressure-driven flow. Steady electrokinetic manipulation does not influence the dimensionless shedding frequency. The reduction of the transient is related to differences in the flow topologies around the cylinder. The electrokinetic velocity breaks the axial flow symmetry of the Laminar Steady Regime and therefore accelerates the onset of the Laminar Vortex Shedding Regime.
Benchmarking semiclassical approaches to strong-field QED: Nonlinear Compton scattering in intense laser pulses
Authors: Blackburn T. G. , Seipt D. , Bulanov S. S. , Marklund M.
Published: August 2018

The recoil associated with photon emission is key to the dynamics of ultrarelativistic electrons in strong electromagnetic fields, as found in high-intensity laser-matter interactions and astrophysical environments such as neutron star magnetospheres. When the energy of the photon becomes comparable to that of the electron, it is necessary to use quantum electrodynamics (QED) to describe the dynamics accurately. However, computing the appropriate scattering matrix element from strong-field QED is not generally possible due to multiparticle effects and the complex structure of the electromagnetic fields. Therefore, these interactions are treated semiclassically, coupling probabilistic emission events to classical electrodynamics using rates calculated in the locally constant field approximation. Here, we provide comprehensive benchmarking of this approach against the exact QED calculation for nonlinear Compton scattering of electrons in an intense laser pulse. We find agreement at the percentage level between the photon spectra, as well as between the models' predictions of absorption from the background field, for normalized amplitudes a0 > 5. We discuss possible routes towards improved numerical methods and the implications of our results for the study of QED cascades.
Photoionization of C5+ ion in warm dense plasmas
Authors: Zhao G. P. , Xie L. Y. , Liu L. , Wang J. G. , Janev R. K.
Published: August 2018

The photoionization process of the C5+ ion in warm, dense plasmas is studied using the relativistic approximation. Cross section calculations are performed for plasma density and temperature ranges of ne ∼ 1023–1026 cm−3 and Te = 150–300 eV, respectively. The used static screened potential includes the effects of plasma degeneracy, finite-temperature gradient corrections to the kinetic energy, and quantum exchange-correlation. The dependencies of the photoionization cross section on plasma density (for fixed temperature) and temperature (for fixed density) are investigated.
Design of digital coding metasurfaces with independent controls of phase and amplitude responses
Authors: Bao Lei , Ma Qian , Bai Guo Dong , Jing Hong Bo , Wu Rui Yuan , Fu Xiaojian , Yang Cheng , Wu Junwei , Cui Tie Jun
Published: August 2018

Digital coding metasurfaces have attracted attention due to their advantages compared to metamaterials. Many devices have been proposed by encoding the phase responses on metasurfaces such as orbit angular momentum generation, prefect absorbers, and holography. For complete manipulation for propagation of electromagnetic waves, it would be beneficial to control both phase and amplitude responses. Here, we propose a metasurface with independent control of phase and amplitude profiles, which is composed of four unit cells, and the amplitude responses of all unit cells range from 0.3 to 0.7. The four units have phase responses of 0, π/2, π, and 3π/2 separately to mimic the “00,” “01,” “10,” and “11” digital elements. The direction of the reflected beam from the metasurface can be manipulated by different sequences of digital elements, and meanwhile, the intensity of the reflected beam can be modulated through changing different amplitude responses in the same direction. We show that the distributions of both phase and amplitude responses of the metasurface will contribute to scattering reduction. We have used indium tin oxide to design the patterns of four units. The experiments and simulations confirm the physical phenomena mentioned above. The separate control of phase and amplitude responses suggests potential applications in high quality holography and mathematical operations of metasurfaces.
Ultrafast double magnetization switching in GdFeCo with two picosecond-delayed femtosecond pump pulses
Authors: Atxitia U. , Ostler T. A.
Published: August 2018

The recently discovered thermally induced magnetization switching (TIMS) induced by single femtosecond laser pulses in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo alloys proceeds on the picosecond time-scale. The rate at which data can be changed for use of TIMS in technological devices is limited by the processes leading to thermal equilibrium. In the present work, we address the question of whether it is possible to further excite switching via TIMS well before thermal equilibrium between subsystems is reached. In particular, we investigate the conditions for double thermally induced magnetic switching by the application of two shortly delayed laser pulses. These conditions become relevant for potential applications as it sets both a limit to rewrite data and demonstrates the importance of spatial confinement of a heat pulse to bit size, as neighboring bits may be accidentally re-switched for spatially extended pulse spots. To demonstrate this effect, we theoretically study the switching behavior in a prototypical ferrimagnetic GdFeCo alloy as a function of composition. We use computer simulations based on thermal atomistic spin dynamics and demonstrate the possibility of inducing a second switching event well before thermal equilibrium is reached and define the conditions under which it can occur. Our theoretical findings could serve as a guidance for further understanding of TIMS as well as to act as a guide for future applications.