bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAE 4340 Fracture Toughness Evaluation Following Wang’s Formulation for Spiral Notch Torsion Test Specimens
Authors: Rodrigues Guilherme Bernardes , Piza Paes Marcelo Torres , Ramos Neto Francisco Francelino , Franco Sinésio Domingues , Valdés Arencibia Rosenda , Bose Filho Waldek Wladimir
Published: January 2021

The fracture toughness parameter (fracture toughness in plane strain-state [KIC], fracture toughness near the onset of crack growth, or crack tip open displacement) is essential information for understanding fracture behavior in mechanical and structural components. To determine this property, several methods have been developed; these require specimens with sufficient thickness to ensure a plane-strain condition at the crack front, which depending on materials mechanical properties, may lead to the need of large amounts of material. To overcome this problem, the spiral notch torsion test (SNTT) was proposed by Wang in 2000, and over these years, methodologies for testing many different materials have been presented, as well as the elastic compliance equations for assessing crack size (essential for introducing the fatigue precrack), also presented in 2012. Although the SNTT presented advantages and potentialities, its application is still quite restricted, and information on its use is limited. Implementation of the SNTT is a challenge, mainly because of the inexistence of a specific standard, thus producing ambiguities when dealing with the application of the test, methodology, and limitations because the SNTT implementation is principally based on previously published theoretical and experimental studies. The study presented herein aims at organizing already existing information based on work conducted by Wang while presenting in detail a test chart and the necessary techniques for obtaining a fracture toughness parameter, in mode I loading and in the domain of a plane strain-state. Determining KIC using the SNTT was performed on a quenched and tempered AISI 4340 steel (45 HRC) in air at room temperature. The obtained results proved the great potential of SNTT methodology for KIC determination. The KIC values obtained by the SNTT methodology exhibited a maximum error of 3.5 % and were statistically equal to those provided by the conventional method compact tension (C(T)) that follows ASTM E399-20, Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIC of Metallic Materials. The fracture surfaces observed in SNTT and C(T) specimens showed similar fractographies and mechanisms.
ELABORAÇÃO DE PROJETO DE SPDA EM GALPÃO FABRIL NO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Da Silva Pinheiro André Luís , Silva Antônio José Dias da , Júnior Geraldo Motta Azevedo , Neto Adenoci Carvalho dos Santos
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho se destina a abordar de forma técnica, a implementação de um sistema de proteção contra descargas atmosféricas (SPDA) de um galpão fabril situado na cidade de São João Nepomuceno em Minas Gerais. Tal edificação abriga uma indústria têxtil que, em visita feita a área da edificação, observou-se que o galpão não possui nenhuma forma de proteção contra descargas atmosféricas. Sendo assim, neste trabalho, será feita uma breve revisão da origem do fenômeno da descarga atmosférica até a captação, descida, aterramento e equipotencialização do imóvel atingido pelo raio. Também será motivo de estudo, os cálculos necessários para avaliação das instalações do SPDA assim como os métodos usuais de SPDA. Através da análise de riscos, pode-se comprovar que o imóvel apresenta valores elevados de risco, principalmente nas componentes RA e RU (ferimentos em seres vivos), justificando assim sua implementação. A presente obra ainda sugere como custo de projeto o valor de R$ 21.167,66 que se mostra inferior ao valor que uma possível falha poderia custar, tendo em vista o valor do maquinário, dos materiais utilizados e da paralização da produção. Desta forma, a proposta do projeto do SPDA para o galpão fabril, se mostra adequada e viável, reduzindo o risco existente das descargas elétricas à valores aceitáveis, assegurando assim a proteção aos seres vivos e ao imóvel.
UTILIZAÇÃO E APLICAÇÃO DE UM MÉTODO DETERMINÍSTICO ADAPTATIVO OTIMIZADO DEDICADO PARA O AUMENTO DA CONFIABILIDADE E DISPONIBILIDADE DO SERVIÇO AUXILIAR DE SUBESTAÇÕES COM A INSERÇÃO DE FONTE SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA E EÓLICA
Authors: Silva Alex De Lima e , Ferrari Octávio Da Costa , Simões Tallis Amorim , Oliveira Vinicius Coutinho de
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo aborda os aspectos técnicos necessários para a utilização e aplicação de um método determinístico adaptativo otimizado para aumentar a confiabilidade de serviço auxiliar de subestações. Considera-se também o uso de geração renovável de energia, no caso solar fotovoltaica e eólica, em termos de usa aplicabilidade para constituir uma fonte adicional de suprimento para este serviço auxiliar. São apresentados os critérios e considerações utilizados no dimensionamento do sistema de controle do sistema de geração solar fotovoltaico e do sistema de geração eólico, que irá otimizar o uso destes recursos para propiciar o aumento da confiabilidade do serviço auxiliar e redução de custos.
INSIGHTS: THE INTERPRETATION OF ISLAM WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE INDIGENOUS MALAYA
Authors: Wan Husain Datuk Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wan Ahmad Fauzi
Published: January 2021

This article promotes Islam's interpretation within the legal framework of the indigenous Malayan based on its principle of sovereignty. At present, Islam is popularly defined by the Court's decision in Che Omar Che Soh vs Public Prosecutor, where the sovereignty of the Malay Rulers was made as a parameter in interpreting Islam within the context of Article 3 of the Federal Constitution. The said decision confines Islam only in the context of personal laws due to the Pangkor Treaty, 1874. This is a qualitative study applying the legal history design. The findings showed that the indigenous sovereignty sourced from the Islamic teachings had not been affected despite the introduction of doctrine of advice and various British policies throughout their intervention in Malaya. In fact, many agreements made between the Malay Rulers and the British retained the indigenous sovereignty as those agreements were subjected to the old Malayan Constitution, the principle of Islam as the law of the land as well as the contemporary local thinking. The above three local circumstances explained the principle of sovereignty, thus the position of Islam in the indigenous Malaya's legal framework. This article concludes that the accurate interpretation of Islam should be based on the al-Qur'an and al-Sunnah because the Malay Rulers have retained their position as a caliph even after the British intervened in their internal state affairs.
The Professionalism of a Teacher- Educator: a Competency-Based Approach
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Andrienko Elena Vasilyevna
Published: January 2021

The article actualizes the problem of the influence of socio-cultural ideas about changing the phenomenon of childhood on the training of professionals for education in General education organizations, taking into account the implementation of the competence approach. The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of professional training of teachers for the upbringing of modern children based on the competence approach. The methodology. The research is theoretical in nature and includes analysis, comparison, and generalization of domestic and foreign scientific and practical studies of the phenomenon of childhood in modern socio-culture as an object of professional pedagogical activity in the educational system. As a methodological basis of research was made by professional graphic and cultural approaches to represent the dependence of professional training of a teacher from the modern society needs in the education of children and youth, given the various and contradictory influences of modern culture.
Additional and Non-Institutional Education of the Russian Orthodox Church in Modern Russia
Authors:   Orthodox St. Tikhon Humanitarian University, Sklyarova Tatiana Vladimirovna
Published: January 2021

Problem and purpose. This article analyzes the correspondence of the implemented experiences of educational activities in the parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church to the state regulatory documents governing education. The subject of the research is the educational activity of Sunday parish schools of the Russian Orthodox Church, defined as a set of processes of religious education, educational initiatives, organizational and pedagogical conditions, and administrative and managerial decisions. The problem of the study is due to the revealed contradiction between the mass activity of Sunday parochial schools in modern Russia and the absence in most of them of a license to conduct educational activities. The purpose of the article is to determine the conditions for conducting educational activities, to characterize the types, forms and methods of its implementation, to describe administrative and managerial decisions regarding the existing Sunday parish schools of the Russian Orthodox Church and to correlate them with the existing norms of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”. Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of an analysis of the documents regulating the educational activities of the Russian Orthodox Church and their compliance with the federal legislation of the Russian Federation in relation to the organization and conduct of educational activities. Correlation of the existing experience in the implementation of educational activities of the Russian Orthodox Church with the definitions of formal, non-formal, informal and additional education necessitated the introduction of the concept of “extra-institutional education”. The non-institutional education of the Russian Orthodox Church is characterized as an existing phenomenon, its signs are given. In conclusion, it is concluded that the implementation of extra-institutional forms of education indicates a non-professional approach to the organization of educational activities in the parish institutions of the Russian Orthodox Church.
Modern Approaches to the Development of Imagination in Art Education
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Sevostyanov Dmitry Anatolievich , Liseckaya Elena Veniaminovna ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Pavlenko Tat’yana Vladimirovna ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The article discusses various aspects of imagination and its role in art education. The features of imagination as a cognitive mental process are analyzed, and its connection with emotions is revealed. It is emphasized that the role of imagination in artistic creativity is primarily associated with the emotional saturation of the imagination. Imagination is considered as the most labile cognitive mental process, largely due to the cultural and historical situation. Purpose of the article. Imagination in artistic creativity has various manifestations. First, it is necessary to assess how much imagination is generally involved in the act of artistic creation. This role of imagination depends on artistic traditions, as well as on the General understanding of the nature of creativity among individual artists and art educators. Secondly, the use of various types and separate techniques of imagination is subject to evaluation. Changes in the structure of the imagination also depend on the cultural and historical context. Finally, third, the content that serves as the source material for the creative imagination also changes. In the Postmodern Era, the influence of previously created artistic reality on artistic creativity has significantly increased. Knowledge of these features of the creative imagination is an integral part of art education. Research results. A comprehensive study of the imagination provides a scientifically based construction of the educational process of DAHTiD. Conclusion. The listed aspects of creative imagination and methodological support for the development of imagination on the example of the Children’s Academy of Artistic Creativity and Design are of great importance in art education: on the one hand, their analysis inevitably becomes an important part of educational content, on the other hand, they constantly find real application in everyday practice teacher.
More is not always better–lower estradiol to mature oocyte ratio improved IVF outcomes
Authors: Aslih Nardin , Michaeli Mediea , Mashenko Diana , Ellenbogen Adrian , Lebovitz Oshrit , Atzmon Yuval , Shalom-Paz Einat
Published: January 2021

Aim

To find a cut-off ratio of estradiol/metaphase II oocyte (E2/M2) ratio and to evaluate the correlation with patients’ characteristics, embryo morphokinetics using EmbryoScope™ and IVF cycle outcomes.

Material and methods

For this retrospective cohort study, records of all fresh cycles that were cultured and scored by EmbryoScope™ were evaluated. The peak E2/M2 ratio was calculated on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration and correlated to embryo morphokinetic quality and cycle outcomes. A receiver operating characteristics analysis was calculated for the E2/M2 ratio and clinical pregnancy rates.

Results

A total of 2461 oocytes were collected from 319 patients. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed a cutoff of 204 as a discriminative point to predict clinical pregnancy with a sensitivity of 69.5% and specificity of 62.1% (P < 0.001). E2/M2 > 204 group were older, had higher E2 concentration, fewer M2 oocytes despite elevated gonadotrophin doses. E2/M2 ratio ≤ 204 was correlated with higher fertilization rate, better embryo quality, higher pregnancy and live birth rates, and more frozen embryos.

Conclusion

E2/M2 ratio < 204 yielded the best probability to achieve good quality embryos with good morphokinetic scores and better pregnancy outcomes and may be used to predict IVF cycle outcomes. Advanced maternal age and low ovarian response received higher concentrations of gonadotrophins, which resulted in higher E2/M2 ratio. Milder stimulation to those patients may improve their cycle outcomes.
The use of prednisolone versus dual-release hydrocortisone in the treatment of hypoadrenalism
Authors: Choudhury Sirazum , Tan Tricia , Lazarus Katharine , Meeran Karim
Published: January 2021

The introduction of adrenocortical extract in 1930 improved the life expectancy of hyhpoadrenal patients, with further increases seen after the introduction of cortisone acetate from 1948. Most patients are now treated with synthetic hydrocortisone, and incremental advances have been made with optimisation of daily dosing and the introduction of multidose regimens. There remains a significant mortality gap between individuals with treated hypoadrenalism and the general population. It is unclear whether this gap is a result of glucocorticoid over-replacement, under-replacement or loss of the circadian and ultradian rhythm of cortisol secretion, with the risk of detrimental excess glucocorticoid exposure at later times in the day. The way forwards will involve replacement of the diurnal cortisol rhythm with better glucocorticoid replacement regimens. The steroid profile produced by both prednisolone and dual-release hydrocortisone (Plenadren), provide a smoother glucocorticoid profile of cortisol than standard oral multidose regimens of hydrocortisone and cortisone acetate. The individualisation of prednisolone doses and lower bioavailability of Plenadren offer reductions in total steroid exposure. Although there is emerging evidence of both treatments offering better cardiometabolic outcomes than standard glucocorticoid replacement regimens, there is a paucity of evidence involving very low dose prednisolone (2–4 mg daily) compared to the larger doses (~7.5 mg) historically used. Data from upcoming clinical studies on prednisolone will therefore be of key importance in informing future practice.
Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy: evidence and hypothesis in fetal programming and development
Authors: Andersen Stine Linding , Andersen Stig
Published: January 2021

The management of hyperthyroidism in pregnant patients has been a topic of raised clinical awareness for decades. It is a strong recommendation that overt hyperthyroidism of Graves’ disease in pregnant women should be treated to prevent complications. The consequences of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy are less studied than hypothyroidism, and a literature review illustrates that the main burden of evidence to support current clinical guidance emerges from early observations of severe complications in Graves’ disease patients suffering from untreated hyperthyroidism in the pregnancy. On the other hand, the more long-term consequences in children born to mothers with hyperthyroidism are less clear. A hypothesis of fetal programming by maternal hyperthyroidism implies that excessive levels of maternal thyroid hormones impair fetal growth and development. Evidence from experimental studies provides clues on such mechanisms and report adverse developmental abnormalities in the fetal brain and other organs. Only few human studies addressed developmental outcomes in children born to mothers with hyperthyroidism and did not consistently support an association. In contrast, large observational human studies performed within the last decade substantiate a risk of teratogenic side effects to the use of antithyroid drugs in early pregnancy. Thus, scientific and clinical practice are challenged by the distinct role of the various exposures associated with Graves’ disease including the hyperthyroidism per se, the treatment, and thyroid autoimmunity. More basic and clinical studies are needed to extend knowledge on the effects of each exposure, on the potential interaction between exposures and with other determinants, and on the underlying mechanisms.
Higher blood pressure in normal weight women with PCOS compared to controls
Authors: Mellembakken Jan Roar , Mahmoudan Azita , Mørkrid Lars , Sundström-Poromaa Inger , Morin-Papunen Laure , Tapanainen Juha S , Piltonen Terhi T , Hirschberg Angelica Lindén , Stener-Victorin Elisabet , Vanky Eszter , Ravn Pernille , Jensen Richard Christian , Andersen Marianne Skovsager , Glintborg Dorte
Published: January 2021

Objective

Obesity is considered to be the strongest predictive factor for cardio-metabolic risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the study was to compare blood pressure (BP) in normal weight women with PCOS and controls matched for age and BMI.

Methods

From a Nordic cross-sectional base of 2615 individuals of Nordic ethnicity, we studied a sub cohort of 793 normal weight women with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (512 women with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria and 281 age and BMI-matched controls). Participants underwent measurement of BP and body composition (BMI, waist-hip ratio), lipid status, and fasting BG. Data were presented as median (quartiles).

Results

The median age for women with PCOS were 28 (25, 32) years and median BMI was 22.2 (20.7, 23.4) kg/m2. Systolic BP was 118 (109, 128) mmHg in women with PCOS compared to 110 (105, 120) mmHg in controls and diastolic BP was 74 (67, 81) vs 70 (64, 75) mmHg, both P < 0.001. The prevalence of women with BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg was 11.1% (57/512) in women with PCOS vs 1.8% (5/281) in controls, P < 0.001. In women ≥ 35 years the prevalence of BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg was comparable in women with PCOS and controls (12.7% vs 9.8%, P = 0.6). Using multiple regression analyses, the strongest association with BP was found for age, waist circumference, and total cholesterol in women with PCOS.

Conclusions

Normal weight women with PCOS have higher BP than controls. BP and metabolic screening are relevant also in young normal weight women with PCOS.
Hepatic nNOS impaired hepatic insulin sensitivity through the activation of p38 MAPK
Authors: Zhao Tianxue , Li Qian , Mao Qianyun , Mu Kaida , Wang Chen
Published: January 2021

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) interacts with its adaptor protein NOS1AP through its PZD domain in the neurons. Previously, we had reported that NOS1AP enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity through its PZD-binding domain, which suggested that nNOS might mediate the effect of NOS1AP. This study aimed to examine the role and underlying mechanisms of nNOS in regulating hepatic insulin sensitivity. nNOS co-localized with NOS1AP in mouse liver. The overexpression of NOS1AP in mouse liver decreased the level of phosphorylated nNOS (p-nNOS (Ser1417)), the active form of nNOS. Conversely, the liver-specific deletion of NOS1AP increased the level of p-nNOS (Ser1417). The overexpression of nNOS in the liver of high-fat diet-induced obese mice exacerbated glucose intolerance, enhanced intrahepatic lipid accumulation, decreased glycogen storage, and blunted insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRbeta and Akt in the liver. Similarly, nNOS overexpression increased triglyceride production, decreased glucose utilization, and downregulated insulin-induced expression of p-IRbeta, p-Akt, and p-GSK3beta in the HepG2 cells. In contrast, treatment with Nω-propyl-L-arginine (L-NPA), a selective nNOS inhibitor, improved glucose tolerance and upregulated insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRbeta and Akt in the liver of ob/ob mice. Furthermore, overexpression of nNOS increased p38MAPK phosphorylation in the HepG2 cells. In contrast, inhibition of p38MAPK with SB203580 significantly reversed the nNOS-induced inhibition of insulin-signaling activity (all P < 0.05). This indicated that hepatic nNOS inhibited the insulin-signaling pathway through the activation of p38MAPK. These findings suggest that nNOS is involved in the development of hepatic insulin resistance and that nNOS might be a potential therapeutic target for diabetes.
Beta-cell function and human islet transplantation: can we improve?
Authors: Chen Jennifer , Gunton Jenny E
Published: January 2021

Islet transplantation, a therapeutic option to treat type 1 diabetes, is not yet as successful as whole-pancreas transplantation as a treatment for diabetes. Mouse models are commonly used for islet research. However, it is clear disparities exist between islet transplantation outcomes in mice and humans. Given the shortage of transplant-grade islets, it is crucial that we further our understanding of factors that determine long-term islet survival and function post-transplantation. In turn, this may lead to new therapeutic targets and strategies that will improve transplant outcomes. Here, we summarise the current landscape in clinical transplantation, highlight underlying similarities and differences between mouse and human islets, and review interventions that are being considered to create a new pool of β-cells for clinical application.
Decreased expression of the GLP-1 receptor after segmental artery injury in mice
Authors: Bjørnholm Katrine Dahl , Povlsen Gro Klitgaard , Ougaard Maria Elm , Pyke Charles , Rakipovski Günaj , Tveden-Nyborg Pernille , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Skovsted Gry Freja
Published: January 2021

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) is expressed in the renal vasculature and known to be downregulated under hypertensive conditions in rats and humans. However, little is known about the regulation in other types of renal pathology involving vascular changes. This study investigates the expression of the GLP1R in renal vasculature after glomerular injury in the nephrotoxic nephritis mouse model, high cholesterol, and atherosclerosis in the Ldlr-/- mouse on Western diet, and ex vivo injury in an organ culture model. The immunohistochemical signal of the GLP1R was significantly decreased in arteries from mice with nephrotoxic nephritis after 42 days compared to 7 days and saline control (P < 0.05). Histological evaluation of kidneys from Ldlr-/- mice on Western diet showed a decreased GLP1R specific immunohistochemical signal (P < 0.05). The dilatory response to liraglutide was decreased in Western diet fed Ldlr-/- mice compared to C57Bl/6J controls (P < 0.05). Organ culture significantly decreased the immunohistochemical signal of the GLP1R (P <0.05) and the expression of Glp1r mRNA (P < 0.005) compared to fresh. Organ cultured vessels showed vascular smooth muscle cell remodelling as Acta2 expression was decreased (P < 0.005) and Ednrb was increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, nephrotoxic nephritis and hypercholesterolaemia led to decreased GLP1R specific immunohistochemical signal. Ex vivo vascular injury in the organ culture model leads to a decrease in expression of GLP1R expressionand contractile VSMC specific markers and increase in expression of dedifferentiation markers suggestive of an inverse relationship between phenotypic switch of the VSMC and the expression of the GLP1R; however, the causal relationship remains elusive.
Overtourism als Forschungsgegenstand der Tourismuswissenschaft und praktische Herausforderung für die Tourismusindustrie
Authors: Gardini Marco A. , Bauer Alfred
Published: January 2021

Die wissenschaftliche und praktische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen „Overtourism“ ist noch jung und so sind viele Problemstellungen, die mit diesem Schlagwort zusammenhängen, noch in einem sehr frühen Entwicklungsstadium, in dem es aktuell noch mehr Fragen als Gewissheiten gibt. Zur Verortung des Overtourism als thematischen Forschungsgegenstand und praktische Herausforderung für die Tourismusindustrie sollen in diesem Beitrag sowohl Begriff und Phänomenologie als auch der aktuelle Forschungs- und Erkenntnisstand zum Thema Overtourism erläutert werden.
Publishing under COVID-19 in small book markets
Authors: Kovač Miha , Gudinavičius Arūnas
Published: January 2021

The paper is based on a survey that was conducted among publishers in Slovakia, Iceland, Lithuania and Slovenia in May and August 2020. The paper looks at how publishers reacted to the COVID-19 crisis in their respective countries, what was its impact on book sales and how did the publishers adapt the production of new books to changed circumstances. In addition, the paper analyses changed attitudes of publishers towards e-books and other digital book formats that become more popular in lockdown times. The research revealed that COVID-19 lockdowns resulted in decreased sales of printed books in all four small book markets. However, sales of e-books and audiobooks slightly increased during that period. This increase in digital sales did not contribute significantly to overall results of book industries due to its small market share in all four countries.
Publishing in the Shadow of Larger Neighbours: Opportunities and Challenges of Digitisation for Small Publishing Houses in Austria and Scotland
Authors: Klamet Anna
Published: January 2021

Trade publishing houses in small nations operate in a challenging market environment: digitisation and the spread of the internet have lowered the market entry barriers and increased the international competition. This is especially prevalent in English-language markets and increasingly so in the markets with a high English language proficiency amongst second language speakers due to the amount of English content readily available online. Moreover, traditional audiences are eroding, and global players push for multi-platform publishing for a global audience. However, the impact of digitisation on small nation publishers operating in large lan­guage markets lacks scientific exploration. Hence, the impact on small trade publishing houses in Austria and Scotland is explored through qualitative case study research. An overview of the state of the publishing industry in those nations is presented, followed by an analysis of the opportunities and challenges of publishing in an online world where borders are disappearing, thus changing the competitive situation of publishers competing with larger entities in neighbouring nations with the same language.

The research found that small nation publishers are benefiting from the possibilities offered by digitisation to reach a wider readership abroad, but at the same time it is becoming increasingly difficult for these pub­lishers and their products to stand out amongst the abundance of content online. Thus, small publishers choose market niches and collaborations to create sustainable business practices. Furthermore, these results provide a basis for further research into e-publishing in other small na­tions. Additional comparative research is needed to better understand the cultural specificities of small book markets and how to best support publishers in and for those nations.
State Cultural Policies in Georgia’s Small Book Market. Case of the Translation Grant Programme “Georgian Literature in Translation” (2010–2018)
Authors: Kvirikashvili Ana
Published: January 2021

This paper analyses translation support in the Georgian literary field by studying the case of the translation grant program “Georgian Literature in Translation” (2010-2018). Accordingly, it offers a quantitative and qualitative study of the selection of translation projects that have received grants from the Georgian National Book Center as of 2010, when the translation policy program was first launched. This study will consider a) which authors are being promoted by the state and which titles are being translated; b) which publishing houses have benefited the most from these subsidies; and c) which target languages are used in said projects, relying on the frameworks of the sociology of translation (Heilbron and Sapiro). The hypotheses of this paper are 1) that there is a strong impact of the Frankfurt Book Fair and an increase of state-supported translations; 2) a great role of German as a target language in these projects; and 3) relatively active translation flows in the region where Georgia is located. Fieldwork from the 2018 Frankfurt Book Fair will serve as a complementary source, as well as the interviews that I have conducted with agents of the Georgian literary field.
Censorship of Foreign Publications in Lithuania of the Interwar Period
Authors: Riaubienė Arida
Published: January 2021

In the years 1918 through 1940, the public opinion of the society was formed not only by the local press, but also by the publications in foreign languages, which reached Lithuania. Therefore, in order to ensure the se­curity of the state and society, the publications – not only local, but also those published abroad, and also imported in Lithuania – were censored in Lithuania in the interwar period. During the discussed period, the censorship of foreign publications was aimed to protect the country from publications that propagated anti-state ideas and instigated national discord. Institutions for the supervision and control of the press watched that content disagreeing with the moral values of the time and various publications by religious sects would not get into Lithuania. Already in the year 1919, the Law on Press established that the Minister of the Interior had the right to prohibit the import and distribution of publications in Lithuania, contrary to the establishment of the inde­pendent state of Lithuania. The censorship of foreign publications was performed by the Units of the Citizen Protection Department of the Ministry of the Interior, the names of which changed. After the year 1923, the censorship of foreign publications was related to the stages of development of the security service in the Ministry of the Interior. The books published and printed abroad were inspected at the customs posts near the state border of Lithuania. The customs officers inspected the publications in the presence of the railway police. When performing the censorship of foreign publications, an important position was taken by the border police, especially that which protected the wall with Germany, through which many smuggled goods were carried. The censorship of foreign publications intensified in the year 1933, after the establishment of the State Security Department. The activities of this institution are illustrated by the records about the detention of books in post offices, made by the officers of the Press Unit of this Department, the private persons’ requests to issue the permits for taking the publications from the post office, the permits to subscribe to the books or to import them by applying preventive censorship, and the other documents in the Office of the Chief Archivist of Lithuania. Lists of prohibited books also illustrate the foreign censorship activities. One of the earliest lists is a list of pu­blications prohibited for import and distribution in Lithuania, compiled since 1926. Sixteen lists of still nowhere announced foreign publications and books prohibited by censorship to be distributed are provided in the Appendix to the Article.
Problems of Ensuring the Effective Commencement of Insolvency Proceedings
Authors: Tamošiūnienė Egidija , Višinskis Vigintas , Kirkutis Mykolas , Jokubauskas Remigijus
Published: January 2021

This article examines the problems of the application of the Law on Insolvency of Enterprises of the Republic of Lithuania as related to the commencement of insolvency proceedings. The new insolvency law introduces a new procedure for the commencement of insolvency proceedings that applies to restructuring and bankruptcy proceedings. In the authors’ opinion, the application of this procedure can raise both theoretical and practical problems that have not been analysed yet.
30 Years of Lithuania’s Restored Independence: A Coastal State’s Prescriptive Jurisdiction over Inland Waters
Authors: Isokaitė-Valužė Indrė
Published: January 2021

The article aims at comprehensively and systematically revealing the general transition of the regulation of the inland sea waters of the Republic of Lithuania from the restoration of an Independent State of Lithuania in 1990 until now. The basic stages and trends of the legal development are emphasized in light of the International Law of the Sea and the Law of the European Union and general findings on the compliance thereto in the main fields are made.
Proposals of the Pinsk District Nobleman Teodor Rodziewicz Regarding the Improvement of the Activities of the Nobility Courts in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Late 18th Century)
Authors: Stankevič Adam
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes the project for the improvement of the activities of the nobility (land, castle, border, arbitral tribunal and the Supreme Tribunal of Lithuania) courts of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania prepared by Teodor Rodziewicz, a nobleman of the Pinsk district, having the title of cup-bearer. The aim is to reveal the main reasons for the flawed activities of the nobility courts, as singled out by the author of the manuscript, and to discuss his suggestions, which were aimed at remedying this situation. The most important postulates of the judicial reform proposed by T. Rodziewicz were the following: general election of judges, introduction of the fixed terms of office for judges, extension of the areas of responsibility of judges, and collegial examination of cases. Some of these principles were implemented in the Four-Year Sejm.
Literasi Media Untuk Kemandirian Informasi Pondok Pesantren Mathla’ul Anwar Cijulang
Authors: Azwar Azwar , Uljanatunnisa Uljanatunnisa , Maryam Siti , Supratman Supratman
Published: January 2021

Pada era teknologi dan informasi saat ini, sebuah lembaga pendidikan tidak bisa tidak memanfaatkan media untuk kepentingan internal ataupun eksternal lembaga. Dengan dasar tersebut, Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) dan Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Mathlaul Anwar Cijulang, Desa Bojongkoneng, Kec. Gunung Kencana, Provinsi Banten memanfaatkan berbagai media untuk pelaksanaan pengelolaan sekolah tersebut. Kedua sekolah dengan satu managemen tersebut memiliki website dan media sosial sebagai media komunikasi. Namun sayangnya kedua media tersebut belum berjalan dengan maksimal.Oleh sebab itu, perlu adanya pengenalan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (IPTEK) untuk tercapainya kemandirian Informasi di sekolah tersebut. Pelatihan yang dilaksanakan oleh tim dosen Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi FISIP UPN Veteran Jakarta telah berhasil membuka pemahaman guru dan tenaga kependidikan MI dan MTs Mathlaul Anwar Cijulang terkait pemenfaatan media yang baik dan benar. Selain itu guru dan tenaga kependidikan di sekolah tersebut juga sudah dibekali dengan keterampilan jurnalistik, yang bisa mereka manfaatkan untuk mengelola media internal MI dan MTs tersebut.
Performa Jurnalisme Online dan Kecenderungan Politainment dalam Berita Pilpres 2019
Authors: Pratiwi Ellya , Ambardi Kuskridho
Published: January 2021

Perubahan karakter persaingan bisnis media di era internet mengantarkan jurnalisme online pada dilema dan himpitan antara mengedepankan berita berdasarkan minat pasar (market interest) atau minat publik (public interest). Pada gilirannya, hal itu dapat berdampak pada kualitas konten berita yang diproduksi media. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengukur kualitas berita dan kecenderungan politainment pada berita Pilpres 2019 yang dipublikasikan Detikcom dan Tribunnews.com periode 12-17 Agustus 2018.Penyajian berita politik dalam format politainment menggeser fokus utama berita Pilpres 2019, menjauhkan isi berita dari isu substantif, dan mengurangi urgensi masalah karena menonjolkan sisi menarik atau menghibur dari renik peristiwa.Dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi kuantitatif, temuan penelitian mengungkapkan terdapat empat kategori berita yang diidentifikasi dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan kriteria quality press dan politainment, antara lain berita berkualitas tanpa elemen politainment, berita politainment dengan kriteria berita berkualitas, berita politainment tanpa pemenuhan kriteria berita berkualitas, dan berita non-politainment tanpa pemenuhan kriteria berita berkualitas. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya praktik politainment dalam berita Pilpres 2019 di Detikcom dan Tribunnews.com meskipun berita berkualitas baik mendominasi kedua media tersebut.
Reaktivasi Paradigma Islam Wasathiyyah di Perguruan Tinggi Berdasar Konsultasi Tingkat Tinggi Ulama Dunia 2018
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Shunhaji Akhmad , Zuhri Saifuddin
Published: January 2021

The paradigm of  wasathiyyah Islamic  is a form of Islamic understanding and practice, as well as an approach in contextualizing Islam in the midst of global civilization. The reactivation of the wasathiyyah Islamic paradigm was a response to various situations that attempted to divide the unity. This paradigm becomes important as a means of presenting the application of Islamic teachings that hold the principles of balance, justice and tolerance. This study aims to provide direction for Higher Education in developing the Islamic wasathiyyah paradigm. Through this research, the authors examined the wasathiyyah Islamic paradigm based on the Bogor Message which was produced at the 2018 World Ulama High Level Consultation (Summit) in Bogor. Bogor's message includes efforts to restore the Islamic wasathiyyah perspective as the center of Islamic teachings, both individually and collectively. One of the interesting messages to study is the commitment to reactivate the wasathiyyah Islamic perspective as a central Islamic teaching which includes seven main values, namely: tawassuth, i`tidâl, tasâmuh, syûrâ, islah, qudwah, and muwâthanah. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. The result shows the reactivation of the wasathiyyah Islamic paradigm in higher education, can be developed through the cultivation of the seven main values of wasathiyyah Islam as contained in the Bogor Message.
Neurosains Dalam Mengembangkan Kecerdasan Intelektual Peserta Didik Sd Islam Al-Azhar Bumi Serpong Damai
Authors: Susanto Susanto , Munfarohah Ida Royani
Published: January 2021

Neuroscience in developing intellectual intelligence is crucial to known by all teachers. Because, nervous system structure is underlying human action in terms of cognitive, affective, and pshycomotoric. So, teachers easier in developing intelligence by using fun and interesting learning method. This research purpose is to know and to search information related to neuroscience in developing students’ intellectual intelligence at Al-Azhar Islamic Elementary School Bumi Serpong Damai. This research type is descriptive qualitative by using phenomenology method. To reach this purpose researcher has interviewed five teachers as core informant and one principal as supporting informant. Moreover, researcher also observed and study documents. The research result show that neuroscience can be developing students’ intellectual intelligence at Al-Azhar Islamic Elementary School Bumi Serong Damai. This matter indicated by students are more enthusiastic in learning, active in asking, think more divergent, and also higher learning motivation during learning process. So, students be able to learn without coercion, earnestly and learning process occur with pleasure
Ecologization of Plant Protection for the Maintenance of Insect and Pollinator Biodiversity
Authors: Todiras Vladimír , Elisovetcaia Dina
Published: January 2021

The book is devoted to the problems of preserving the biodiversity of insects and pollinators through the use of inoffensive methods of agricultural crops cultivating and bio-rational means of protecting them from pests and diseases in an ecological crisis. The results of many years of research on the development of technological processes for obtaining biological preparations based on secondary metabolites of higher plants and microorganisms are presented. Their effectiveness in increasing the resistance of cultivated plants to the influences of abiotic and biotic environmental factors has been shown. The results of plant extracts testing with biopesticidal activity against insects and mites-phytophages and as growth regulators of vegetable and cereal crops are presented. The characteristic features of the interaction of useful fauna organisms and pests of agricultural crops, as well as the possibility of attracting pollinators through the use of semiochemicals are described. The mechanisms of microbiological preparations action and their effectiveness against phytopathogens are revealed. The prospects of biological preparations introducing for a gentle impact on the environment and beneficial insects, as well as obtaining safe food products, have been demonstrated. The book is intended for farmers and beekeepers, and can be used as a teaching aid in various courses on ecology, biology, plant protection and entomology.
Morphology of two native catfishes from the Sierra Madre Occidental, México: I. pricei and Ictalurus sp. (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae)
Authors: Ruiz-Campos Gorgonio , Varela-Romero Alejandro , Ceseña-Gallegos David , Ballesteros-Córdova Carlos Alonso , Sánchez-Gonzáles Sergio
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Morphotypes of native catfish of the genus Ictalurus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) are known to occur in allopatry in the northern Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, with only the Yaqui catfish (Ictalurus pricei) taxonomically described. Recent genetic analysis of these morphotypes has revealed the monophyly of the I. pricei complex, which indicates Ictalurus sp. from the Culiacán River and San Lorenzo River basins as its nearest genetic relative and recognizes as an evolutionarily significant unit the Culiacán River and San Lorenzo River morphotypes. Objective: To compare the meristic and morphometric characteristics of the catfish of the Culiacán River basin with its nearest genetic relative, the Yaqui catfish, in order to determine the presence of distinctive morphological characters that support genetic evidence previously reported for these morphotypes. Methods: Catfish specimens were collected during various field expeditions (1990-2012) to remote sites of the Sierra Madre Occidental and conducted in the Yaqui River and Culiacán River basins with the purpose of morphological comparison. Forty-five morphological characters (40 morphometric and five meristic) were examined in 76 adult specimens – 52 Ictalurus sp. and 24 Ictalurus pricei. Three groups were subject to a discriminant function analysis (DFA), including two Ictalurus sp. groups from the Humaya River and Tamazula River sub-basins, representing the Culiacán River basin, and one I. pricei group representing the Yaqui River basin. The standardized measurements and meristic data of the catfish morphotypes were compared by means of DFA. Results: The DFA revealed 12 characters to be significantly different (P < 0.01) among the groups compared. The morphological characters separating the Ictalurus sp. (Culiacán River basin) from the Yaqui catfish were associated with lower anal, pelvic and pectoral fin ray numbers, shorter head and predorsal lengths, shorter longest lateral barbel and longest dorsal ray lengths and a narrower premaxilar dentary plate; and finally longer distances in Ictalurus sp. for dorsal-fin origin to last anal-fin ray base and dorsal-fin origin to posterior end of the adipose fin base. The standardized coefficients for canonical variables 1 and 2 accounted for 85.6 % and 14.4 % of the total variation, respectively. Conclusions: The distinctive morphological characters of the Ictalurus sp. found in the Culiacán River basin, combined with the known mitochondrial evidence for this morphotype, identify it as an evolutionarily significant unit that requires description as a new species based on taxonomical protocols.
Almacenes de biomasa y carbono aéreo y radicular en pastizales de Urochloa decumbens y Paspalum notatum (Poaceae) en el sureste de México
Authors: Ramos-Hernández Eder , Martínez Sánchez José Luis
Published: January 2021

Resumen

Introducción: Debido a su extensión actual, la biomasa radicular de los pastizales tropicales es de vital importancia para el almacenamiento del carbono terrestre, pero su estimación ha sido principalmente indirecta y con un rango muy amplio de valores. Objetivo: Documentar a nivel nacional y mundial, y comparar las existencias de carbono radicular extraídas en forma directa, de dos pastizales de tipo de crecimiento y origen distinto. Método: Se midió la biomasa y carbono total de dos pastizales con mas de 40 años de uso, uno nativo de América y de crecimiento estolonífero (Paspalum notatum Flugge) y otro introducido de África y de crecimiento en macollos (Urochloa decumbens Stapf). El estudio se realizó entre los meses de agosto y octubre. Se seleccionaron 3 parcelas de 1600 m2 por pastizal, con 10 subcuadros (4 m2 c/u) en cada parcela para determinar la composición florística, biomasa y C aéreo. La biomasa y C radical se estimó mediante extracción directa en tres trincheras (1.50 m x 0.50 m x 1.0 m) por parcela. El contenido de carbono orgánico se determinó con el método por ignición a una temperatura promedio de 550 °C durante 3 horas. Para el análisis estadístico se usó un ANOVA de dos factores donde un factor lo constituyó los tratamientos que fueron el tipo de pastizal (2) y el otro factor lo constituyó las parcelas (3) de cada pastizal. Resultados: La composición florística de los dos tipos de pastos fue diferente debido a su historia de manejo. En promedio se estimó 28.25 Mg C/ha total para la localidad. El pastizal nativo y de crecimiento estolonífero P. notatum produce casi tres veces mas biomasa (42.5 Mg C/ha) que el introducido y de crecimiento en macollos U. decumbens (14 Mg C/ha) debido al almacén radicular (38.5 vs. 11.46 Mg C/ha). El 74.5 % del carbono en P. notatum se localizó en la parte radical y el 25.5 % en la parte aérea, mientras que en U. decumbens el 56.5 % y 43.5 %, respectivamente. Conclusión: La mejor adaptación del pasto nativo así como la morfología de su sistema radicular pueden explicar esta diferencia. El 96 % de la biomasa y C radical se encuentra en los primeros 0.50 m de profundidad. Debido a la contribución de su porción radicular, los pastizales tropicales pueden constituir importantes reservorios de carbono terrestre considerando su extensión hoy en día.