bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIGITAL TOOLS FOR THE KNOWLEDGE AND ENHANCEMENT OF WWII HERITAGE. THE CASE STUDY OF BOSA IN THE WEST COAST OF SARDINIA (ITALY)
Authors: Pirinu A. , Argiolas R. , Paba N.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The essay shows some results of a research aimed at building a digital database of Sardinian military architectures of Second World War. Following an activity of cataloguing entrusted to integrated digital survey methods already applied in other case studies of the region, this contribute analyses the built heritage placed in territory of Bosa, a centre located in the west coast of the island, in which 33 bunkers have been founded, most of them represented in the IGM military historical maps.These “modern sentinels”, positioned along the coastline, the main roads and the railway leading to the actual urban context, are designed in reinforced concrete, also integrated with local stone, with a frequently use of square and circle shape often combined or modified and adapted to achieve a complete mimesis in the landscape that hosts them.The survey, applied at architecture and landscape scale, has produced a complete collection of data functional to realize an interoperable digital database, a necessary tool for a deepened knowledge and enhancement of a lost WWII heritage.
DESIGNING WITH EMOTIONAL AWARENESS
Authors: Bianconi F. , Filippucci M. , Magrini G. , Seccaroni M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The Italian school building heritage built between the seventies and eighties is every year increasingly abandoned and it remains in a state of neglect. It is increasingly necessary a recovery and enhancement methodology that preserves the memory of the place and at the same time, it makes it capable of adapting to the new needs of the city. The proposed research project originates from the study of the interactions between man and the environment applied to an architectural context with the identification of emotions. This methodology applied to citizenship, aims to make the population participate in the improvement from the point of view of well-being. This process was possible thanks to the combined use of immersive reality (VR) and the use of the GEW model, the data of which are the foundation and verification of the choices of architectural design, analyzed through the impacts on humans.
LOW-COST 3D ACQUISITION OF GEOMETRIC DATA FOR LIVING HERITAGE: ATTEMPTING TO RECORD THE PUDHU MANDAPAM, MADURAI
Authors: Prizeman O. E. C. , Barazzetti L.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The driving forces behind the rapid development of accessible 3d modelling acquisition are generally economic. As the requirements for on-site data acquisition technology become cheaper and more user friendly, opportunities for the geographic dislocation of expertise become more viable. In effect, much of the diagnosis of a monuments’ morphology or condition can be made remotely, as a virtual model is constructed. This potential portability serves to reduce the impact, invasiveness and cost of survey and documentation processes. In cases of contested heritage conservation practices, the simple act of photographic recording can cause concern. However, photogrammetric recording is eminently advantageous for its capacity to provide non-destructive means to consider degradation and condition mapping as well as to record and monitor change over time. Here, two rapid surveys taken with portable 360° cameras a year apart, demonstrate the potential value and limitations of deploying recent techniques in order to deliver credible or useful survey data in a highly complex pillared hall that is intensively occupied.
CONSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE CONCEPTS OF SOONG CHING LING’S DOLOMITE MARBLE STATUE IN SHANGHAI AND SUPPORTING SURVEY METHODS
Authors: Qin T. , Wang Y. , Li J. , Tang Z. , Dai S.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The dolomite marble statue of Madam Soong Ching Ling, Honorary Chairlady of the People’s Republic of China, is situated in the memorial square of Soong Ching Ling’s Mausoleum in Shanghai, China. The statue is composed of 4 pieces of white marble (Hanbaiyu) from Fangshan, Beijing. The statue, along with the mausoleum, has been listed as a national monument since 1982, yet severe deterioration occurred in recent years. In May 2018, a diagnostic investigation of the statue was carried out. Aided by advanced photogrammetry methods such as 3D modelling, macro photography and infrared thermography, all micro cracks were identified and labelled. Other advanced in-situ and laboratory surveys such as in-situ microscope, ultrasonic CT inspection, chalking evaluation test and mineralogical investigation were applied to further evaluate the condition. Based on analysis of all test results, conservation and maintenance concepts including a monitoring program specifically to control cracking has been developed. This concept was approved by the authorities and implemented in May 2019. After two years’ exposure, an evaluation of previous conservation and a new maintenance work were recently completed in April 2021. A long-term monitoring strategy as well as maintenance methods will be worked out based on the evaluation of all implemented efforts and climatic data.
RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT OF INFRARED THERMAL IMAGING BY PANSHARPENING ALGORITHMS
Authors: Raimundo J. , Lopez-Cuervo Medina S. , Prieto J. F.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. One common tool in Cultural Heritage inspections is thermal cameras, which are sensitive to the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. But the resolution of these sensors is quite lower than other kinds like visible spectrum range cameras. Typically, the sensors in thermal cameras do not exceed the megapixel frontier. This limitation becomes a problem when trying to combine the information from the thermal images with data from other sensors with much higher resolution such as visible RGB cameras in the same project.In Remote Sensing, algorithms have been designed to fuse multispectral images with panchromatic images (in origin from satellite platforms) to enhance the resolution of lower resolution images with higher resolution ones. These processes are known as pansharpening. Although pansharpening procedures are widely known, they have not been tested working with thermal imaging. The first approach of merging thermal and visual spectrum images to enhance the resolution of the original thermal image involved applying the intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) algorithm (Lagüela et al., 2012, Kuenzer and Dech, 2013). These works only studied one particular algorithm and they did not include any quality study of the results.Our work contains a complete review of a bigger pansharpening algorithms’ set and provides an in-depth study of thermal imaging pansharpening, with a numerical assessment. Our research allows the use of thermal sensors with a lower resolution than other types of sensors used simultaneously in the same project.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY, HBIM, AND DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF COSMIC RAYS PAVILION FOR RAISING AWARENESS TO ITS CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Rajabzadeh S. , Esponda M. , Cordero Espinosa L.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This paper presents a comparative approach between a digital documentation workflow using contemporary tools versus a traditional documentation technique for Felix Candela's hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) modern heritage building: Cosmic Rays Pavilion. This documentation was undertaken to better understand the building’s structure, its evolution, and to assess the performance of this concrete structure for future seismic and damage analysis. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges related to producing a Heritage Building Information Model (HBIM) of this building using point cloud data in Autodesk’s Revit BIM-authoring software. This project states the importance of a parallel study between the traditional and the contemporary documentation methods; which led to discoveries about the current state of the extrados in the hypar after several earthquakes. Upon analyzing the HBIM and comparing it to the historical drawings, a gap was discovered between the moisture barrier membrane and the concrete shell. Visualizing the building in 3D provides a deeper and more accurate understanding of the current state of this pavilion and is one of many advantages of using digital technologies. The insights provided by digital documentation techniques and analyzing the historical images of the pavilion showed that the curvature of the pavilion has been modified over time. The results imply two hypotheses. First, the curvature profile has been altered due to earthquakes. Second, the modification is due to improper maintenance of the pavilion, namely, multiple additions of the membrane layers. This could not have been detected by solely relying on traditional documentation techniques.
COMPARISON OF MULTI-SOURCE DATA, INTEGRATED SURVEY FOR COMPLEX ARCHITECTURE DOCUMENTATION
Authors: Rinaudo F. , Scolamiero V.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The metric documentation of architectural complexes requires today the use of several integrated survey methodologies. This need is an answer to the morphology of the object such as dimension, geometry, inaccessible areas and urban context. These properties inhibit the use of single surveying techniques and force the integration of Geomatics tools. In addition, the metric documentation of Cultural heritage objects not always requires uniform accuracy and resolution, therefore the integration of different surveying methodologies and techniques become the only effective solution both from a technical and economic point of view. The integration, that is today adopted as normal strategy, allows also the better understanding of the benefits which can arise to speed up the metric documentation of Cultural Heritage objects and the benefits that each of the possible surveying techniques can have thanks to the integration of the different potentialities. This study starting from an integrated survey, performed whit a combined use of Mobile Mapping System (MMS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and show the results of the comparisons between the possible achievable accuracies by using a correct integration between the different used technologies and the ones achievable by using the same techniques as independent tools.The case study is the architectural complex of the Ducal Palace in Gubbio (Italy), located upstream of the most important town square facing the cathedral in a very complex but realistic urban context.
SURVEY, RECOVERY AND REGENERATION OF POST-MODERN ARCHITECTURE. THE BIM APPROACH IN THE CASE STUDY OF THE SPORTS HALL IN BASTIA UMBRA (ITALY)
Authors: Bianconi F. , Filippucci M. , Meschini M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This study deals with the redevelopment of buildings built in the last decades of the Nineteenth century, with a style that can be defined "post-modern". In those years, communication became an architectural theme superimposed and abstract by functional and structural needs, with "architectural elements" abstract in a hyperbolic way with respect to the function. The result of an architectural culture, interesting for the research they narrate but incongruous with functional needs, also because of the materials used, the energy and architectural requirements impose a review to combine functional performance, in nZEB projection, and structural with the need for "venustas", what is "done well", the same facet of the same architectural rationale. The need to renew these spaces must take into account the qualities of forms that, with their material decay and in the peculiar language, may not bring out the centrality of preserving and compositional choices of the work.
THE GREAT “AUTO DE FE” AT SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS, OR HOW TO ACHIEVE HISTORICAL EMPATHY WITH CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Rodriguez A. , Chuchiak J. F. , Erickson H. B. , Ballicu P. V.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The project “The Great Auto de Fe in Santiago de los Caballeros” consisted of an interactive virtual recreation of this historical event that occurred on March 11, 1554 in the city today known as Antigua, Guatemala. A binational research team from Mexico and the U.S. made up of historians, architects and animation engineers, in the space of five weeks, created the historical settings, characters and interactivity necessary to offer the public this immersive experience. The project was presented within the framework of an international exhibition "The images of the Maya gods in the 16th century: The meeting of two worlds,” located at the Centro de Formación para la Cooperación Española in Antigua, the site of a former 17th century Jesuit College. This article presents the details of the workflow used, the social and cultural implications observed, as well as the results of the satisfaction surveys applied to approximately 80% of the users who had access to this experience.
FUSION AND EVALUATION OF 3D DATA AND EXCAVATION DOCUMENTS FOR COMPARISON OF ORIGINAL AND DIGITAL COPY IN THE CASE OF A MEGALITHIC TOMB
Authors: Russell F. , Kalinowski P. , Both F. , Luhmann T. , Warnke U.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This contribution shows the preliminary results of the multidisciplinary cooperation of archaeological, technical and heritage issues using the example of the megalithic tomb Kleinenkneten II. The tomb was excavated in the 1930s, but big parts of the documentation have unfortunately been destroyed. Furthermore, some ancient interpretations need to be objectively reviewed. More than 500 historical image data visually document the historical excavation situation. In addition, the current situation was recorded in 3D using modern methods. Geodetic products, such as orthophotos, can be derived from modern data and compared with old plans. Also, a point cloud was calculated from historical images, which can be compared with the current situation. The combination of modern and historical data enables new archaeological interpretations. From a museum perspective, strategies for the construction of authentic value of the 3D model is considered, as well as its communication to the public.
INTEGRATED METHODS FOR THE CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES. AN EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATION ON THE “BALNEUM” OF PIAZZA DANTE
IN CATANIA (ITALY)
Authors: Sanfilippo G. , Mondello A. , La Russa F. M. , La Rosa L.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Archaeological sites in urban areas are often poorly integrated with the modern urban fabric and appear as “trenches” at a lower level than the road. They become neglected and unvalued places. The study of archaeological ruins in urban centres must involve archaeologists and architects to integrate restoration, enhancement and improvement of physical and visual accessibility projects. New digital technologies can improve these activities thanks to 3D models, “digital replicas” that allow even remote study (especially during a pandemic). The paper presents the case study of a private Roman-imperial bath in Catania. The open-air site is located at a depth of 3 metres above the road level and is not exploited. Our study consisted of historical-bibliographical research, direct and SfM surveys that allowed creating a high-resolution textured 3D model. We have extracted orthophotos and sections for geometric and technical-constructive analyses and recognition of decay from this model. We drew up an archaeological restoration and valorisation design. In addition, we imported the model into the Sketchfab portal. So, we enriched the mesh with information from the analyses employing specific tags about annotations, 2D drawings, historical and technical-scientific information. In this way, the model becomes an interactive document to monitor over time the conservation state, validate the restoration design and contribute to the valorisation of the site. This is an easy tool of exchange between all involved users (researchers, professions and students). Thus, the digital replica also represents a very high potential for dissemination purposes.
REVEALING AN UNKNOWN MUSEUM AND ITS COLLECTION USING DIGITAL TOOLS: THE PALAZZO DI GIUSTIZIA IN MILAN
Authors: Santoro A. , Barazzetti L. , Pracchi V.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The paper presents the generation of an interactive cataloging system for the Courthouse of Milan (Palazzo di Giustizia) and more than one hundred artworks stored in the building. The courthouse is an “unknown museum” in the city and represents a masterpiece of the architectural and figurative culture in the '30s. The online system developed in the project aims at solving a twofold task. First, it must present the "unknown museum" to citizens through a simple and effective online website. Second, it must serve as a repository for technical information not available to the public and only limited to the specialists in conservation. This second section includes catalog forms produced according to specific national standards for artworks, which require a variety of information such as size, material, artist, state of conservation, and description of previous restorations and interventions. The catalog, supported by the development of a preventive conservation plan, meets the need to identify all artworks and their conditions, planning interventions, and keeping a record of restoration activities.
USE OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM APPROACHES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF SAN ISIDORO RUINS (MADRID, SPAIN)
Authors: Sedano-Espejo E. , MacKinlay P. , Sanz-Arauz D. , Sánchez-Aparicio M. , Sánchez-Aparicio L. J.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This article shows the application of different geoinformatic approaches for the diagnosis of a small hermitage located at the Spanish capital of Madrid. More specifically Structure from Motion photogrammetry for the 3D digitalization and orthophoto generation, and Geographical Information System (GIS) for uploading and management of the information were used. Both strategies were carried out using open-source software. In the case of the GIS approach the QGIS platform was chosen and some additional features were programmed to facilitate the diagnosis such as the creation of standardized HTML files to improve the interoperability. The pre-diagnosis phase was carried out by means of the Qfield android application that allows capturing the data on field. Additionally, several previous test, i.e. X-ray diffraction, microscopy and physical tests were carried out with the aim of understanding the severe degradation process that this Hermitage is suffering. This multidisciplinary approach allows us to understand the current status and degradation mechanisms of the Hermitage on which the most prominent damages are the features induced by material loss. This damage is related with the environmental conditions of the sites as well as the physical and chemical properties of the stone used during its construction.
APPLICATION OF 3D SCANNING TECHNOLOGY IN RESTORATION OF HERITAGE SITE DAMAGED BY NATURAL DISASTER
Authors: Siu S. L. K.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Duddell Street Steps and Gas Lamps in Central, Hong Kong (hereafter “the Steps”) is a small site with outstanding heritage value to the city and was therefore declared a monument by the heritage authority in 1979. In 2018, Super Typhoon Mangkhut hit Hong Kong, causing significant damage to the Steps. The Steps were broken into 280 pieces in total. The Antiquities and Monuments Office (“AMO”) set up its 3D Laser Scanning Survey Sub-unit (”3DSU”) in 2016 with the objective of utilising latest technologies to drive innovations in the surveying, recording and conservation of invaluable built and archaeological heritage. Fortunately, a laser scanning survey of the Steps was conducted in early 2018. This went a long way towards facilitating the success of the restoration work, as the project team had a baseline dataset showing the Steps’ original state. The ensuing restoration proposal could make reference to the 3D survey data, thus ensuring a complete and faithful restoration. Given the sheer number of broken pieces involved, it was decided that 3D scanning technology would for the first time in Hong Kong be used in parallel with traditional craftsmanship, guided throughout by the highest conservation principles, to help restore a heritage site badly damaged by a natural disaster.This paper illustrates how 3D scanning technology facilitated the restoration works. This project also perfectly exemplified the importance of ‘conservation preparedness’ for heritage sites facing unpredictable risks from natural disasters.
DIGITAL COLOR REPRODUCTION AND DOCUMENTATION OF OIL PAINTING USING IMAGE PROCESSING
Authors: Song H. R. , Jo Y. H.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Digital photography is a method easily employed to capture images. Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets as well as dedicated cameras are used to capture images. Furthermore, as hardware continues to improve, the resolution of images in 100 MP and 8K videos has recently been increased, and the quality of images enhanced through various types of image processing software. However, because the focus of photography is to record a moment activity, recording the orginal color of subject has been pushed back from priority. Digital photographs of cultural heritage are mainly captured for aesthetic appreciation and database construction. Those images for the purpose of the latter should record the exact color and shape of the subject. However, the theoretical approach of this is difficult and relatively complex procedures are able to create images that differ from the original color. Thus, it means falling in value that culture heritage data of important for color conservation. Various attempts have been made throughout the industry to capture the original colors of the subject accurately. The color management system (CMS) is a typical method of such. In this study, digital color reproduction and record studies were conducted on representative oil paintings of modern times in Korea. Accordingly, the light source’s color index and color temperature were measured. Furthermore, a color recording environment was established and digital images were acquired. Subsequently, it was able to record the original color through CMS-based image processing. It is believed that this study will enable one to understand the production techniques of works through the color record of oil paintings and help one to monitor conservation conditions such as discoloration.
3D RECONSTRUCTION AND PRESENTATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: AR AND VR EXPERIENCES AT THE MUSEO D’ARTE ORIENTALE DI TORINO
Authors: Spallone R. , Lamberti F. , Guglielminotti Trivel M. , Ronco F. , Tamantini S.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. For years, virtual reconstruction in the figurative arts, and sculpture, in particular, has been developing and consolidating. The workflow from the acquisition to three-dimensional modelling and to the integration of missing parts, has been optimized through processes entirely implemented in the digital dimension. The most recent developments in augmented reality and virtual reality technologies, together with the possibility of using low-cost and widely available devices, have made it possible to establish new links between the real and the virtual. The experiences presented in this paper comes up within the agreement between the Politecnico di Torino and the Museo d’Arte Orientale (MAO). The workflow set up for this research involves: structure from motion (SfM) survey, 3D modelling, and 3D philological reconstruction, then develops a proposal to implement augmented and virtual reality experiences aimed at the communication and fruition of the exhibits. The case study concerns two Japanese statues, and proposes their visualisation with the respective weapons virtually reconstructed, and through VR, involving the reconstruction of the interior space of a temple recognised as philologically compatible with the location of the statues within a statuary complex.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOCOL FOR A GIS RELATED TO THE RESTORATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE BUILDINGS AND SITES THROUGH DOCUMENTATION STAGE
Authors: Stamnas A. , Georgoula O. , Patias P.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The Conservation and the Restoration of Cultural Heritage is a particularly specialized and interdisciplinary process. It requires scientific monitoring and planning and incorporation of skills and knowledge in the academic milieu. Relevant studies programs and courses are primarily designed to explore the possibility of cooperation between scientists (archaeologists, architects, surveyors, engineers etc.). Participating in such an educational institution (Interdepartmental Program of Postgraduate Studies “Protection, Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Monuments”, AUTh, Greece), the development of a protocol for a GIS related to the restoration of cultural heritage buildings and sites through documentation stage was born out of necessity.Α GIS application including the documentation (geometric, architectural, structural etc.) of the historical complex of Saint John, the Baptist (19th century, Kavala, Greece), while using modern 3D representational techniques (laser scanner, topography, photogrammetry, GPS), and the related thematic information (analysis, archive data) has been organized for that purpose and has been used as a case study.The main objectives of the project are to give guidelines regarding the collection, the processing and the management of heritage data, to articulate the cross-disciplinary collaboration/synergy and to provide an educational toolkit. The methodology is proposed to be applied to other objects of study such as archaeological sites, individual structures, monuments and sites of different dating and use (e.g., industrial, religious, fortification etc.).
COMPARING 3D DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELDWORK DOCUMENTATION. THE CASE OF THESSALONIKI TOUMBA EXCAVATION, GREECE
Authors: Stamnas A. , Kaimaris D. , Georgiadis C. , Patias P.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Nowadays, there are many methods and techniques for the documentation and the restoration of historic structures and historical artifacts that are commonly used due to their completeness, accuracy and fastness. The use of advanced 3D measurement technologies, by either using terrestrial or aerial means of acquiring digital data, has become an efficient and reliable documentation tool. Within this context, this study focuses on combining terrestrial laser scanning, unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, close-range photogrammetry and topographic surveying, and comparing the associated digital data for archaeological fieldwork documentation. The data collected during the Thessaloniki Toumba Excavation (Greece) provided accurate digital surface models and photo-realistic three-dimensional outputs of archaeological trenches. The data elaboration enabled new inferences and knowledge to be gained through the implementation of advanced technologies in heritage documentation.
EXTENDING 3D QUALITY MODELLING FOR EARTHQUAKE-DAMAGED STONE MASONRY WALL: COMBINED DIGITAL MODELS FOR BUILDING ARCHAEOLOGY
Authors: Stanga C. , Brumana R. , Previtali M. , Landi A. G. , Banfi F.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The paper proposes an approach for defining a generative modelling process of complex objects and their sharing. The case study is the Stronghold of Arquata del Tronto, a monument of extraordinary historical, cultural and landscape value, damaged by the earthquake in 2016. The first step has been data acquisition on a geometrical level, through laser scanner and UAV photogrammetry, and on a historical level, through archival research to understand construction phases and transformations. The Stronghold was probably built between the 11 and the 12th century on a hill to control the territory. It underwent several transformations and neglection phases over the centuries. The second phase has been the generative modelling following the scan-to-BIM approach. The three-dimensional model is intended to support the design phases, from preliminary analysis to the construction site.For this reason, the Stronghold has been modelled with different Grade of Generation (GOG). The study of the eastern curtain wall, where the signs suffered by the structure due to the earthquake are most evident, was deepened through a Building Archaeology preliminary analysis. The third phase aimed at orienting the HBIM towards three digital information-sharing solutions such as Common Data Environment (CDE), and Virtual Reality (VR) to enhance the cultural and historical values, supporting the reopening of the Stronghold as a venue for conferences and exhibitions.
EARLY TRANSFORMATION AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BRITISH CONCESSION IN MODERN EAST ASIA. RESEARCH ON 1866 LAND REGULATIONS OF THE BRITISH CONCESSION OF TIENTSIN
Authors: Sun S. , Aoki N.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The systematic development of British Concession in the 19th century had a profound impact on the development of cities in the history of modernization in East Asia. To find out the relevance of the urban management system of the British concession and the process of urban modernization between different cities in East Asia, this paper combs the development process of land allocation and urban management in the early British concession by using the land regulation. It focuses on the specific case of the 1866 land regulation promulgated by the British concession in Tianjin from the perspective of colonialism and the construction and management system of the East Asian British concession. It analyses the historical background and influence, then further explores the reasons for its promulgation. This finding can fill part of the vacancy in the history of urban development and play an important role in the development of contemporary urban construction in East Asia as reflection and reference.
3D HOLISTIC DOCUMENTATION OF HERITAGE MONUMENTS IN RHODES
Authors: Tapinaki S. , Skamantzari M. , Anastasiou A. , Koutros S. , Syrokou E. , Georgopoulos A.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This paper focuses on the holistic 3D geometric documentation of four Cultural Heritage buildings, of different historic eras, on the island of Rhodes. The main scope was to produce the 3D models and all required products according to the needs and specifications set by the EU funded HYPERION project. The ideal combination of multi-source data acquisition and processing was employed, which is the modern perception for the methodology of geometric documentation of monuments. The workflow for the combination of geodetic, photogrammetric and laser scanning data acquisition methods is described in detail. Very decisive factor in carrying out fieldwork for data acquisition was the time frame, which was very limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The establishing of a holistic framework for the documentation of Cultural Heritage by carrying out a wide range of multidisciplinary research, acquiring and combining datasets from various sensors and sources, as well as by developing innovative tools for systematic monitoring gives substantial results in order to protect, preserve and enhance Cultural Heritage sites. The documentation results are presented and discussed for their usefulness for the project.
DIGITAL MUSEUM CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS STUDY
Authors: Tong Y. , Ma Y.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In the post-epidemic era, with the development of digital information technology, there is an extremely urgent need for the construction of digital museums in the field of cultural and museums. However, there is no unified consensus on the concept, function and form of digital museums at home and abroad. The author believes that digital museums are a special form of traditional physical museums and should give full play to digital features and advantages to meet the needs of online and offline integration. This paper is oriented to the practical problems that exist in the realization of the basic functions of traditional physical museums based on collection, management, storage, research, exhibition, education and popularization, and public services. By collating the current standards of digital museums, analyzing the new forms of digital museums domestically and abroad, clarifying the mission of digital museums, proposing the construction and development of digital museums around “human experience”, exploring the standards of digital museum construction, and promoting the industry consensus and standardized management of digital museum construction.
THE ARAGONESE CASTLE OF PIAZZA ARMERINA, SICILY: NEW SURVEYS FOR THE CONSERVATION AND THE VALORISATION OF A CULTURAL RESOURCE
Authors: Versaci A. , Cardaci A. , Fauzìa L. R. , Russo M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Sicily owns a vast heritage consisting of manors, strongholds, coastal towers and city fortifications that reflect its long history and strategic role in the Mediterranean Sea. Most of these assets are now in poor condition and abandoned, affected by both aging and the lack of preservation and maintenance activities. Their knowledge is often incomplete because of a lack of archival sources and the quasi-absence of accurate surveys and stratigraphic analyses. A systematic research programme on the most important castles in central Sicily, was then launched. In this context, this paper presents the case study of the Aragonese castle in Piazza Armerina. It shows the first results of a multidisciplinary study based on the integrated use of technologies for three-dimensional survey and supported by new critical interpretations of the morphological and material peculiarities of such an important cultural good. An operational practice aimed at correctly orienting future restoration and reuse activities, based on both scientific criteria and respectful approach to the monument.
BANDED VAULTS IN TURIN: TLS SURVEY, GEOMETRIC INTERPRETATION, DIGITAL RE-CONSTRUCTION, BETWEEN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. PALAZZO CAPRIS DI CIGLIÈ
Authors: Vitali M. , López González M. C. , Bertola G. , Natta F.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This contribution intends to focus attention on the banded vault (‘a fascioni’) that characterizes the atrium of the Capris di Cigliè Palace in Turin, whose construction is dated around 1730 and is attributed to Gian Giacomo Plantery (1680–1756).The work of survey, analysis, interpretation and digital modeling has been organized in phases (detailed respectively in the next paragraphs) which have allowed us to: study the criteria of architectural-geometric composition at the base of the complex vaulted system that is the object of the present study and to relate them to the most usual operative practices of construction, in particular to the realization and arrangement of the centerings; organize the survey on the basis of the main treatise and manual sources, in order to choose the most appropriate working methods; analyze survey data and set up a parametric model of geometric interpretation; make a comparison between the survey data and the interpretive model.In particular, the phases of geometric reading and interpretation, parametric modeling and discussion of the results were structured with the aim of studying in detail the different arches that define the structure of the banded vault.
SPATIAL SELECTION OF HERITAGE AND TRANSFER OF LOCAL IDENTITY: A DUAL CASE STUDY BASED ON TWO HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL DISTRICTS IN CITY F, CHINA
Authors: Wang H. , Zhang Y.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. By comparing the successive development, government planning, and public expectations of two landmark historical and cultural districts in F city, this paper attempts to explore the state’s selection and cultural setting of heritage spaces, as well as the identity transfer of local residents in individual memory and collective creation. With case studies on historical districts of S and Y neighborhoods, this paper argues that the selection of heritage spaces is actually a borrowing of local history and culture by the state’s modernization tendency. With the extinction/reformation of the medium of identity, the aborigines struggle with disappearance of their place and the affirmation of heritage, eventually extending the boundaries of the meaning of “place” and shifting local identity to national and ethnic identity.
VIRTUAL RESTORATION OF MISSING PAINT LOSS OF MURAL BASED ON GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORK
Authors: Wang Q. , Hou M. , Lyu S.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Mural painting is one of the important cultural heritage reflecting the historical migration of the nation. In order to inherit these precious historical and cultural heritage, how to non - destructively and digitally protect and restore the existing murals has become an urgent task. The use of computer - assisted restoration of murals can not only save manpower and material resources, but also avoid secondary damage to the murals.However, most of the existing computer-assisted mural restoration algorithms use similar blocks with priority calculations and matching blocks in adjacent areas to guide mural restoration. There are some problems such as incoherent overall semantic structure, unnatural detail texture and inability to effectively repair large area missing remain to be solved. Aiming at the problems existing in the restoration of large area diseases such as paint loss and color fading in murals, we constructed a fine image restoration network model which based on generative adversarial network. A multi-scale dense matching repair network based on a generative adversarial network is constructed. First, the dense combination of dilated convolutions is used to improve the repair effect of detailed textures, Then, mean absolute Error, (Visual Geometry Group, VGG) feature matching, auto-guided regression, and geometric alignment are used as the loss function to guide the training of the generative network. Second, the discriminator with local and global branches is used to train the discriminant network, so that the repaired image is in the local and global content. Experiments were performed on the three mural data sets one by one. The results show that the network model can effectively restore the lines and faces in the murals. The images restored are not only coherent in semantic details, but also natural in color, which is conducive to the appreciation and display of murals. Thus, as one of the important directions of cultural heritage digital protection，the use of generative adversarial network in the digital restoration of ancient murals have been proved to be effective. It not only provides a reference for the true restoration of the murals but also means a lot to the preservation of murals.
AN ANALYSIS METHOD OF THE AMOUNT OF BRICKS USED IN PUZHOU ANCIENT CITY WALL BASED ON SLAM
Authors: Wang R. , Zhang Z. , Dong Y. , Li Y. , Li Z.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The calculation of the amount of bricks used in the area of falling-off is of great significance to the restoration of the ruins of ancient cities In order to support the digital restoration of the city wall of Puzhou Ancient City Site, this paper analyzed and calculated the amount of outer cladding brick of the city wall based on SLAM data. Firstly, the point cloud data of Puzhou city wall is obtained by SLAM technology. Secondly, the original point cloud is processed by Geomagic Studio software, and the area of the damaged area is accurately measured from the packaging model. Finally, based on the characteristics of brick masonry of ancient city walls, this paper estimates the amount of brick used in the area where the external wall of drum tower falls off, thus providing data support for the repair and maintenance of Puzhou ancient city.
ARCHES DUNHUANG: HERITAGE INVENTORY SYSTEM FOR CONSERVATION OF GROTTO RESOURCES ON THE GANSU SECTION OF THE SILK ROAD IN CHINA
Authors: Wang X. , Gong Y. , Myers D. , Wang S.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The cultural heritage of the Buddhist grottoes on the Gansu section of the Silk Road in China has important historical, cultural and artistic values. In order to better protect these precious cultural sites including through facilitating ongoing assessment of their condition, the Dunhuang Academy has created a pilot inventory based on the Arches open-source software platform. This paper first briefly introduces the most important grottoes and the representative caves in Gansu province. It then, in view of the diversity of the grotto architecture layout, describes the Arches semantic graph data modelling technology and how the flexibility of Arches Designer was used to design the resource models, which not only meet data management needs, but also ensure data interoperability and longevity through incorporation of the CIDOC-CRM ontology. In addition, through design of the grottoes map plugin and resource components within Arches, the simple interaction and intuitive visualization of grottoes information was achieved. The Dunhuang Academy’s deployment of Arches will serve the need for grottoes data management and provide support for the establishment of a more scientific and effective protection and management system for the grottoes on the Silk Road in Gansu province. It is hoped that this project will demonstrate the suitability of the Arches platform to support the management of other grotto sites outside of Gansu province, as well as for heritage management elsewhere in China.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE PREVENTIVE PROTECTION OF ROCKERY IN THE MOUNTAIN RESORT BASED ON THE COMPREHENSIVE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Wu X. , Xie L. , Chen D. , Wang Y. , Wang X. , Ma F.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The concept of preventive protection originates from the European heritage protection field. Nowadays, a complete knowledge system and normative reference framework have been formed in the field of museum collection cultural relics. However, it is just beginning in the field of traditional garden heritage protection. Based on the review of the theories and practices of the preventive protection of international historical building and traditional garden heritage, this paper makes a comprehensive survey, photo and modeling record of the rockery of Mountain Resort with the help of the current comprehensive digital mapping technology. Based on this, the paper combines the historical data files to carry out the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the authenticity, destruction and safety of the present rockery; moreover, taking Jinshan as an example, the main points of digital surveying and mapping of large-scale rockery are summarized; Finally, summarize the current problems of rockery and put forward preventive protection suggestions. It is hoped that through this study, the case of preventive protection of Royal Garden heritage in Qing Dynasty will be enriched, and a new idea will be provided for the protection of Royal Garden heritage in Qing Dynasty.
RESEARCH ON THE ALLEYS SYSTEM AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES DURING THE QIANLONG DYNASTY IN QIANMEN AREA, BEIJING
Authors: Xia S.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Based on the basic judgment that commercial buildings have a high demand for traffic accessibility, this study analyses the integration degree and selectivity of the streets and alleys in the spatial syntax. It superimposes the different drawing forms of the buildings along the streets in the whole map of the Qianlong capital. Determine the public attributes that may correspond to the four architectural forms along the street during the Qianlong Dynasty in the Qianmen area of Beijing, and then analyse the trend of commercial activities in this area. According to the degree of agglomeration of commerce along the street, the commercial front street and back street of the area are distinguished, providing a research basis for the development context and path of commercial activities in the area.
GNNS CONTROL NETWORK SUPPORTING LARGE HISTORICAL BUILDING ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY
Authors: Bonora V. , Maseroli R. , Mugnai F. , Tucci G.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The paper points the attention to some hidden parts of metric surveys, that usually are not enough documented in scientific papers but in technical reposts. Reporting encountered challenges and discussing identified technical solutions and methodologies to overcome bottlenecks and operative issues, highlights the novelty of the presented experience from a technical viewpoint. The overall approach has been reported taking care of describing technical details and present case study’s implementation of the applied techniques. Integrating GNSS control Networks and topographic tools to design, implement and perform a rigorous topographic survey methodology in describing built heritage, which is one of the modern geomatics’ advancements, has been depicted. An ad hoc datum has been designed to guarantee a clear compliance both to cartographic standards and architectural representations in 1:50 to 1:100 graphical output scale.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CALCULATION METHOD OF VISUAL IMPACT OF URBAN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Yang S. , Hu Y. , Hou M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Urban architectural heritage as a part of cultural heritage, its surrounding buildings will have a certain visual impact on the cultural heritage itself. This paper presents a method for calculating visual impact and applies it to the field of urban architectural heritage. In this method, the visual radius and visual range are calculated based on the theoretical knowledge related to the range of human eye line of sight and the curvature of the earth, and then the visual projection plane is established. Then, through skyline analysis and spatial relationship calculation, the urban architectural heritage and its surrounding buildings are projected. Calculate the visual impairment index through the projection area and the projection surface area to quantify the visual impact. By calculating the visual impact in The Lama Temple area, it is proved that the method presented in this paper is effective and advanced in practical application.
DISEASE INVESTIGATION OF STONE CARVING BY SPATIAL ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY ON THE STONE CARVING OF DAZU THOUSAND-HAND BODHISATTVA
Authors: Yang Y. , Yang S. , Hou M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Cultural relics are often threatened by nature and human, especially stone carving relics which have immovable characteristics. Compared with other cultural relics, the diseases of stone carving relics are more complex, and they can affect carvings’ cultural and artistic value to a great extent. This article selects Dazu thousand-hand bodhisattva as a case, not only because it has a strong representation in Chinese stone carving art, but also considering that there are many complex diseases in the whole range after a long history, therefore the Dazu thousand-hand bodhisattva has high research value, and scientific investigation methods are essential for the protection and research of cultural relics. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the arm diseases of Dazu thousand-hand bodhisattva by using the two methods of GIS spatial analysis: kernel density analysis and trend analysis. The past investigation methods are difficult to achieve the expected results because of their strong subjectivity and narrow range, and the use of spatial analysis to investigate the diseases of stone carvings can study the spatial characteristics and coupling relationship of stone carvings from the macro level.