bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Complicated by Mixed Intracranial Infection of Burkholderia cepacia and Propionibacterium acnes Postoperatively: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Huajun , Fen Linhua , Liu Shiyi , Hong Keyan
Published: May 2024

Intracranial infection caused by Burkholderia cepacia is a rare and severe condition, often leading to multi-organ failure and high mortality rates. Treatment is challenging, especially with mixed infections. A 56-year-old female with chronic hepatitis B presented with intracranial hemorrhage, developing a mixed infection with Burkholderia cepacia and Propionibacterium acnes. Despite complications like high fever and organ failure, a multidisciplinary approach and antimicrobial therapy led to successful infection control and gradual recovery of liver and kidney functions. This case serves as a valuable reference for similar complex infections.
Initial experience with “Saroa” in radical prostatectomy: A novel surgical assist robot featuring tactile feedback and a roll clutch system
Authors: Iwatani Kosuke , Urabe Fumihiko , Saito Shun , Kawano Shota , Yamasaki Tomoya , Kimura Shoji , Otsuki Hideo , Fujio Kei , Kimura Takahiro , Miki Jun
Published: May 2024

Objectives
Robotic surgical systems have revolutionized laparoscopic surgery, offering enhanced articulation, dexterity, and precision for complex procedures, such as radical prostatectomy. Although these systems enable surgeons to operate more intuitively, the risk of injury and hemorrhage from excessive force during tissue retraction remains a concern.
Methods
We enrolled 31 patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) using either the Saroa or da Vinci Xi surgical system at our hospital between January 2022 and January 2024. Perioperative complications and pathological outcomes were compared using the Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests.
Results
No significant differences in preoperative demographics were observed between the systems. Operation times were longer using Saroa, but significant differences were not observed between the systems in terms of pathological outcomes, urinary continence, and postoperative complications.
Conclusions
This is the first study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Saroa surgical system for RARP. This system incorporates several innovative features, such as a roll clutch system and tactile feedback, which enhance precision and workflow in minimally invasive surgery. The tactile feedback may benefit surgeons with limited laparoscopic experience, promoting gentler tissue handling. Further investigation is warranted to assess long-term oncological and functional outcomes following RARP with Saroa.
Myxoid Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Nasal Vestibule: An unusual histological subtype in the Head and Neck region
Authors: Prabakaran Aswini , Kakkar Aanchal , Jain Deepali , Verma Hitesh
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms associated with characteristic NAB2::STAT6 gene fusion. They frequently occur in extra-thoracic sites but are not uncommon in the head and neck (HN) region where 10–20% of all SFTs occur. Around 10% of HNSFTs recur, usually following incomplete resection. Myxoid SFT is a rare morphologic subtype of SFT, the features of which overlap with those of other myxoid-appearing tumors, making the diagnosis challenging.
Objective
To describe the distinctive histopathological and immunohistochemical features of myxoid SFT that aid in diagnosis
Materials and Methods
This 32-year-old male presented with a recurrent swelling in the nasal vestibule, which had previously been excised four years prior and diagnosed as neurofibroma. Examination revealed a firm swelling measuring 2x1cm.
Results
Histological examination showed a nodular tumor composed of short spindle shaped cells in an abundant myxoid stroma. Nuclei were ovoid, with minimal pleomorphism. Occasional intervening slender vascular channels were present; staghorn vasculature was absent. Tumor cells were diffusely immunopositive for STAT6, CD34 and Bcl-2, while S100, SOX10, EMA, ER and CD10 were negative, confirming the diagnosis of myxoid SFT.
Conclusion
Myxoid SFTs are unusual in the HN, with potential for misdiagnosis. Due to their propensity for local recurrence if incompletely excised, a high index of suspicion is required to include them in differential diagnosis of myxoid mesenchymal neoplasms occurring at this location. STAT6 is a reliable immunohistochemical marker that aids in diagnosis, reducing the necessity for molecular testing.
Looking for a new role of known players: the additional value of plasmatic C3 and C4 in predicting IgA Nephropathy prognosis, an observational study
Authors: Tringali Edoardo , Vetrano Daniele , Tondolo Francesco , Maritati Federica , Fabbrizio Benedetta , Pasquinelli Gianandrea , Provenzano Michele , Manna Gaetano La , Baraldi Olga
Published: May 2024

Introduction
IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is the prevalent glomerular disease worldwide. Complement system activation is crucial in its pathogenesis. Few studies correlated serum C3 and C4 with disease activity and prognosis.
Methods
This retrospective monocentric study investigated the prognostic value of serum complement in patients with IgAN. Primary outcome was defined as 40% decline in eGFR or onset of kidney failure. The aim was to evaluate whether the addition of serum C3 and C4 to established predictive models, including one based on variables related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and another incorporating variables from the International IgA Prediction Tool (IntIgAPT), enhances the accuracy of outcome prediction.
Results
101 patients were stratified according to baseline C3 levels in three groups (Low, Medium and High). During a median 54.28 months follow-up, the Low group exhibited higher primary outcome incidence (16.3 events vs 2.9 and 1.7 events x 100 pts/year, p = 0.0026). Model-1 (M1), consisting of CKD progression variables, and Model-3 (M3), comprising IntIgANPT variables, were implemented with baseline C3 and C4 to form Model-2 (M2) and Model-4 (M4), respectively. M2 demonstrated improved predictive performance over M1 showing higher discrimination (lower AIC and BIC, higher C-index and NR2). Similarly, M4 outperformed M3 showing enhanced outcome prediction when adding C3 and C4.
Conclusion
Inclusion of serum C3 and C4 can enhance prediction accuracy of already existing prognostic models. Specifically, lower C3 and higher C4 levels were associated with poorer prognosis in IgAN, characterizing a more 'Complement-Pathic' subset of patients.
A multi-scale covariance matrix descriptor and an accurate transformation estimation for robust point cloud registration
Authors: Xiong Fengguang , Kong Yu , Hu Minyue , Zhang Zhiqiang , Shen Chaofan , Kuang Liqun , Han Xie
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a robust point cloud registration method based on a multi-scale covariance matrix descriptor and an accurate transformation estimation. Comparing with state-of-the-art feature descriptor such as FPH, 3DSC, Spin Image, etc, our proposed the multi-scale covariance matrix descriptor is superior to deal with registration problem under higher noise environment, which is since mean operation in generating covariance matrix can filters out most of the noise-damaged samples or outliers and also makes itself be robust to noise. Comparing with transformation estimation such as feature matching, clustering, ICP, RANSAC, etc, our transformation estimation is able to find a better optimal transformation between a pair of point clouds which is since our transformation estimation is a multi-level point cloud transformation estimator including feature matching, coarse transformation estimation based on clustering and a fine transformation estimation based on ICP. Experiment findings reveal that our proposed feature descriptor and transformation estimation outperforms state-of-the-art feature descriptors and transformation estimation, and registration effectiveness based on our registration framework of point cloud is extremely successful in Stanford 3D Scanning Repository, SpaceTime dataset, and especially Kinect dataset.
Vault-housed extensometers recorded two earthquakes in the Hyuga-nada subduction zone, Japan, with similar hypocenter locations that generated strain with the opposite sign
Authors: Yamazaki Kenichi , Yamashita Yusuke , Komatsu Shintaro
Published: May 2024

Miyazaki Observatory in southern Kyushu Island, Southwest Japan, acquires continuous strain measurements using vault-housed extensometers at several sites located adjacent to the offshore Hyuga-nada subduction zone. Two thrust earthquakes occurred in this offshore region on 10 May 2019 with similar hypocenter locations and fault mechanisms; however, the extensometers installed in one direction at Miyazaki Observatory recorded strain with the opposite sign for these events. Strain calculations within an assumed uniform half-space medium show that the opposite signs of the coseismic strain can be due to differences in hypocenter locations of only a few kilometers. This result shows that strainmeters can effectively detect offshore events and determine their relative locations when other ground observations are unable to precisely locate such events.
Alzheimer stage diagnosis from genomic and clinical data modalities using ‘Deep Learning’
Authors: Sarma Manash , Chatterjee Subarna
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION: This study focusses on diagnosis of stages of AD (Alzheimer’s disease) including MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) from two data modalities - gene expression and clinical data of ADNI (Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative ) participants using multiclassification. The gene expression dataset is highly imbalanced and of HDLSS (high-dimensional and low-sample-size) characteristics. This is the only study where multiclassification based AD stage diagnosis is done to identify multiple stages of Alzheimer. We are able to achieve the best multiclassification result in both the modalities and identify new genetic biomarkers.METHODS: Combination of XGBoost and SFBS (“Sequential Floating Backward Selection”) methods is used to select features. We are able to select the most effective 95 gene probsets out of 49,386. For clinical study data, 8 most effective biomarkers could be selected using SFBS. For both genomic and clinical data, DL (‘Deep Learning’) classifier is used to identify stages - CN (Cognitive Normal), MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment), AD (Alzheimer’s Disease / Dementia). Because of high data imbalance in genomic data, border line oversampling is used for model training and original data for validation.RESULT & DISCUSSION: With clinical data, we achieved ‘ROC AUC’ scores 0.97, 0.95, 0.94 for CN, MCI, Dementia stage respectively . We achieve ‘ROC AUC’ scores 0.75, 0.74, 0.70 for CN, MCI, Dementia stage respectively and 0.67 for both micro average F1 scores and micro weighted F1 score. This is the best result so far for AD stage diagnosis from gene expression profile data through multiclassification with ADNI data. Results reflect that our multiclassification model can efficiently handle the imbalanced data of HDLSS nature to identify samples of minority class. MAPK14, ZNF835, MID1, HLA-DQA1, TEP1 are some of the new genes found to be associated with AD risk. DRAXIN, HSPA12B, USP47 etc. are found to be AD preventive or suppressor.
Syringic Acid ameliorates Bleomycin induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis in rats via maintenance of endogenous anti-oxidants and downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers
Authors: BVS Lakshmi , bethala krupavaram
Published: May 2024

Background: Chronic administration of bleomycin (BLM), a chemotherapeutic drug, has been linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It has been observed that syringic acid, a phenolic compound, has antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. To assess syringic acid's therapeutic potential against lung fibrosis caused by BLM and determine a potential mechanism of action.
Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were inducted into IPF after receiving 7.5 IU/kg of BLM intratracheally. Syringic acid (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to rats for 14 days, after which different parameters in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured.
Results: Altered BALF differential cell counts, elevated lung index, hydroxyproline, NO, and MDA plasma levels, and reduction in GSH, GPx, SOD, and CAT in group receiving BLM were evidence of pulmonary toxicity. Administering 50 mg/kg of syringic acid significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the changes brought about by BLM. The expression of TNF-α was greatly reduced by syringic acid when it was stimulated by BLM. The BLM-treated group's histological analysis revealed significant lung damage with alveolar septal thickening, interstitial infiltration, collapsing alveolar gaps, and an elevated Ashcroft and Szapiel score. Syringic acid was used to lessen these effects. The syringic acid group (p<0.01) markedly reduced Szapiel score, collagen deposition, lung edema, and fibrotic alterations. It also inhibited the infiltration of myofibroblasts and inflammatory cells, primarily macrophages and lymphocytes. By inhibiting the TGF-β1/NF-κB pathways, syringic acid mitigates BLM-induced IPF. This, in turn, improves the control of oxidant and pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α) to decrease collagen deposition during pulmonary fibrosis.
Conclusion: Finally, it is concluded that Syringic acid can protect the lung against BLM-induced pulmonary oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis.
Performance Comparison of Large Language Models, GPT and Gemini on Turkish News Classification Task
Authors: Guven Zekeriya Anil
Published: May 2024

Recently, large language models-LLMs have become very popular in many tasks of natural language processing. Examples of these tasks include text classification, question answering, text summarization, and text generation for natural language processing. Apart from LLMs, GPT and Gemini models are at the top of the list in terms of use for text generation tasks. This study aims to contribute to the literature on the use and comparison of LLMs and text generation models for the Turkish language. To achieve this purpose, the dataset consisting of Turkish news was classified by training BERT, ALBERT, DistilBERT, ELECTRA, XLM-RoBERTA LLMs with fine-tuning. Additionally, GPT-3.5 and Gemini text generation models were used by sending prompts for this classification task, and the success of the models was compared with LLMs. As a result of all analyses, the BERT model gave 97.619% accuracy among LLMs, while Gemini gave 99.167% accuracy among text generation models.
Visual Acuity after Prone Positioning in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Observational Qualitative Study with a simulation model
Authors: Cappellini Iacopo , Vannucci Laura , Scandagli Federico , Bettazzi Beatrice , Consales Guglielmo
Published: May 2024

Background
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has necessitated increased ICU admissions and the extensive use of prone positioning for ARDS management, prompting an examination of its broader impacts, especially on visual acuity. This study delves into the associations between prone positioning duration, gender, age, and visual outcomes in ARDS patients during the COVID-19 crisis.
Methods
An observational study was conducted on ARDS patients at Santo Stefano Hospital, focusing on those who underwent prone positioning. The study excluded individuals with pre-existing visual conditions unrelated to ICU treatment. A retrospective analysis of patient records provided data on demographics, ARDS management details, prone positioning frequency, visual acuity changes assessed through the Catquest-9SF questionnaire.
Results
40 participants were eligible and completed the Catquest-9SF questionnaire. Analysis revealed that longer pronation duration correlated significantly with visual impairments, with increased risks associated with advancing age and the number of pronation cycles. These findings, supported by Rasch analysis and logistic regression, highlighted the importance of considering age, gender, and pronation cycles in predicting visual outcomes.
Discussion
The study underscores the complex interplay of physiological, biological, and treatment factors affecting visual outcomes in ARDS patients. It introduces the concept of Post-Pronation Visual Reduction (PPVR), advocating for the integration of ocular health assessments into ICU care protocols and the development of strategies to minimize visual impairment risks.
Clinical trial: not applicable
Classification and prognostic stratification based on genomic features in myelodysplastic neoplasms, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and their overlapping conditions
Authors: Kim Myungshin , Lee Jong-Mi , Lee Ginkyeng , Ahn Ari , Jung Jin , Kim Yoo-Jin , Park Silvia , Kwag Daehun , Lee Sung-Eun , Park Sung-Soo , Kim Tong Yoon , Cho Bin , Chung Nack-Gyun , Lee Jae Wook , Lee Jae Won , Jo Suejung , Kim Yonggoo , Kim Taeksang
Published: May 2024

In this study, we analyzed clinical and genomic data from 1,585 patients diagnosed with myeloid neoplasms (MNs), including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN, n = 715), myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS, n = 698), MDS/MPN (n = 94), and aplastic anemia (AA, n = 94). We identified ten distinct genomic groups that redefine MN classification using unsupervised genomic clustering through the Dirichlet Process (DP), correlating specific genetic mutations with survival outcomes and disease subtypes. Notably, groups DP1 and DP5, characterized by JAK2 and CALR mutations, respectively, showed a very favorable prognosis among patients with MPN. Groups DP2, DP7, and DP9 demonstrated a very adverse prognosis across MN subtypes. Specifically, DP2 encompasses MDS patients with TP53 mutations and complex karyotypes, DP9 is distinguished by acute myeloid leukemia-related mutations, including NPM1, and DP7 includes patients with SETBP1 mutations, indicating heterogeneous MN phenotypes. DP10 and DP8, linked to SF3B1, DDX41 mutations or chromosome 1q derivatives present a favorable risk profile. Our research emphasizes the critical role of genomic insights in enhancing the classification, prognostic accuracy, and therapeutic stratification of MNs. The survival improvement observed with transplantation in the very adverse risk groups underscores the potential of genomic classifications to inform personalized treatment strategies, signifying a significant step toward the integration of genomics into MN clinical management.
Breast Cancer Detection using Explainable AI and Quantum Neural Network
Authors: Waris Saqqiya , Amin Javaria , sarwar amina , Sharif muhammad , Yasmeen Mussarat
Published: May 2024

The number one cancer type for women happens to be breast cancer. Women of any age are more likely to have this disorder because of where they live, their hormones, and the way they live. Women are more likely to be hurt by this. Many more women will have a better chance of living if breast cancer is found earlier. Computers can detect breast cancer early, improve treatment, and increase survival. Therefore, in this article, three models are proposed for the segmentation and classification of breast cancer. The DeepLabv3 model is trained on the fine-tuned hyperparameters for segmentation. The results are computed on BUSIS and DDSM datasets with the accuracy of 99% and 98% respectively. After that for classification of the breast cancer on different magnification levels. The explainable XAI model is designed on the selected fifteen layers and trained on the fine-tuned hyperparameters for breast cancer classification. This model provides the accuracy of. To analyze the classification outcomes quantum neural network is designed on the selected layers, number of Qubits, and hyperparameters. The classification results are computed on the BreakHis publicly dataset at magnification levels of 40x, 100x, 200x, and 400x. The proposed XAI model provides an accuracy of 96.67% and 100% using a quantum neural network for breast cancer classification.
Singular crack-tip fields for XFEM analysis of cracks propagating through multi-material interfaces with minimal enrichment
Authors: Ebrahimi S. Hamed , Tanha A. K. Ghorbani
Published: May 2024

The order of stress singularity alters based on the situation of the crack-tip in multi-material composites. In this study, singular mode shapes for a crack located in an inclined configuration on a bilaminar interface is extracted using finite element local expansion and then implemented in an extended finite element method with minimal enrichment degrees (Direct-XFEM). Crack-tip enrichment parameters are determined systematically and the reflection of the crack in propagation through the bimaterial interface is captured accurately. Direct-SIFs obtained using complete crack-tip fields in XFEM, properly estimate the local stress state and consequently suggest profound predictions for crack propagation compared with other XFEM alternatives.
Developing Probabilistic Ensemble Machine Learning Models for Home-Based Sleep Apnea Screening using Overnight SpO2 Data at Varying Data Granularity
Authors: Liang Zilu
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This study aims to develop sleep apnea screening models using a large clinical sleep dataset of SpO2 data, with the goal of achieving better performance and generalizability compared to existing models.
Methods
We utilized SpO2 recordings from the Sleep Heart Health Study database (N = 5667). Probabilistic ensemble machine learning was employed to predict sleep apnea status at three AHI cutoff points: ≥5, ≥ 15, and ≥ 30 events/hour. To investigate the impact of data granularity, SpO2 data were resampled to 1/30, 1/60, and 1/300 Hz. Model performance was evaluated across various decision boundaries ranging from 0.05 to 0.95.
Results
Our models demonstrated good to excellent performance, with AUC values of 0.82, 0.85, and 0.90 for cutoffs ≥ 5, ≥15, and ≥ 30, respectively. Sensitivity ranged from good to excellent (0.76, 0.84, 0.89), while specificity ranged from good to excellent (0.87, 0.86, 0.90). Positive predictive values (PPV) ranged from fair to excellent (0.97, 0.83, 0.66), and negative predictive values (NPV) ranged from low to excellent (0.43, 0.87, 0.98). Both decision boundaries and data granularity had a significant impact on model performance, with optimal decision boundaries aligning with the prevalence of positive cases in the cohort. Lower data granularity resulted in decreased model performance.
Conclusion
Our models demonstrated superior performance across all three AHI cutoff thresholds compared to existing large sleep apnea screening models, even when considering varying SpO2 data granularity. The use of probabilistic ensemble machine learning shows promises for developing generalizable sleep apnea screening models with overnight SpO2 data.
Biomass-derived 3D hydrogel bioanode for improved EET processes and COD removal efficiency
Authors: He Xiaoyan , Tan Zheping , Hou Miaomiao , Ma Shuo , Ma Penggai , Cao Runze , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: May 2024

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have garnered significant attention in power generation and wastewater treatment fields. Current MFCs have relatively low power density due to limited biofilm colonization and sluggish extracellular electron transfer (EET) processes. Here, a hybrid hydrogel (PPy-CMC-MXene) was prepared by doping MXene with an inexpensive and readily available biomass source carboxymethyl cellulose and polypyrrole. The MFC equipped with the PPy-CMC-MXene/CC anode exhibited a 2-, 30-, 59-, and 4.8-fold power density, specific capacitance, electron transfer efficiency, and coulombic efficiency, respectively, relative to the original carbon cloth (CC) anode. More notably, the MFC equipped with the PPy-CMC-MXene/CC anode had an excellent chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 89.2%. It was shown that the PPy-CMC-MXene/CC electrode offered good biocompatibility and was beneficial to the enrichment of Proteobacteria and Acinetobacter. The anode material has some application prospects in water treatment and the adsorption of electricity-producing bacteria.
Assessment of occurrence, source appointment, and ecological risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the water-sediment interface of Qiantang River in the Hangzhou region
Authors: Wan Yang , Wang Ziming , Xu Kaiping , Wang Wei , Yao Pengcheng , You Aiju
Published: May 2024

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have received global attention owing to their potential risks to human health and the ecological environment. However, limited research has explored the occurrence and ecological risks of PPCPs in the Qiantang River (QTR). QTR, the largest water system in Zhejiang Province, China, is significantly influenced by human activities. This study investigated the occurrence, distribution, and ecological risks of 10 types of PPCPs in both surface water and sediment within QTR. The findings revealed that the concentrations of PPCPs detected in surface water ranged from 81.26 to 149.45 ng/L during the wet season (September) and from 98.66 to 198.55 ng/L during the dry season (April). Moreover, in the sediments, PPCP concentration ranged from 63.24 to 80.66 and 72.54 to 75.06 ng/g dw during both wet and dry seasons, respectively. Among the selected PPCPs, triclosan (TCS) exhibited the highest concentration across, different phases and seasons, followed by benzotriazole in surface water. The analysis of sediment-seawater equilibrium distribution indicated that the diffusion tendency of PPCPs was closely correlated with their molecular weights. Particularly, TCS exhibited dynamic equilibrium between water and sediment. Principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization model results indicated similar pollution sources for the detected PPCPs. The dominant sources of the detected PPCPs were identified as wastewater of electroplating enterprises, discharge from wastewater treatment plants, and domestic sewage. The ecological risk assessment based on the risk quotient method revealed that TCS with the highest detected concentration posed a high risk in surface water and a low risk in sediment across all sampling sites. However, other detected PPCPs showed either no or low risks. Additionally, PPCPs showed a higher ecological risk during the dry season than during the wet season.
Fourier Analysis of Signals on Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) Using Graph Zero-Padding
Authors: Stankovic Ljubisa , Daković Miloš , Bardi Ali Bagheri , Brajović Miloš , Stanković Isidora
Published: May 2024

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are used for modeling causal relationships, dependencies, and flows in various systems. However, spectral analysis becomes impractical in this setting because the eigendecomposition of the adjacency matrix yields all eigenvalues equal to zero. This inherent property of DAGs results in an inability to differentiate between frequency components of signals on such graphs. This problem can be addressed by alternating the Fourier basis or adding edges in a DAG. However, these approaches change the physics of the considered problem. To address this limitation, we propose a graph zero-padding approach. This approach involves augmenting the original DAG with additional vertices that are connected to the existing structure. The added vertices are characterized by signal values set to zero. The proposed technique enables the spectral evaluation of system outputs on DAGs (in almost all cases), that is the computation of vertex-domain convolution without the adverse effects of aliasing due to changes in a graph structure, with the ultimate goal of preserving the output of the system on a graph as if the changes in the graph structure were not performed.
Active colonisers of the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon farmed in a warm water region
Authors: Hall Kate , Reid Chantelle E , Tan Qi Zhi , Taylor Richard S , Bissett Andrew , Ruff Nicole , Nowak Barbara F , Bowman John P.
Published: May 2024

Background. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farmed in seawater in Tasmania (lutruwita) can experience temper-atures close to their thermotolerance limit during summer and Vibrionaceae are a major component of their gut microbiome. This study focuses on understanding the microbiome of the Atlantic salmon gastrointestinal tract via the taxonomy, population dynamics, and traits of the main colonists.
Results. Multiyear survey and co-occurrence network analyses confirmed novel members of Aliivibrio reliably colonise the gut microbiome in Atlantic salmon farmed in marine pens in Tasmania when the confounding influences of DNA and bacteria from feed and water was considered. Aliivibrio and Mycoplasma were the main taxa found to colonise the gut mucosal layers. Warm water temperature(19°C) experiments performed in seawater tanks indicated Aliivibrio and Vibrio rapidly become predominant in the digesta of Atlantic salmon that had reduced feeding and high faecal cast production while Mycoplasma were found to be mostly absent. Salmon-associated Aliivibrio isolates were found to share many genes required for host colonisation with that of the faunal mutualist Aliivibrio fischeri. Though most salmon digesta isolates seem to lack obvious virulence factors, strains of two abundant novel colonising Aliivibriostrain groups possessed the genes for cytolethal distending toxin (CDT).
Conclusions. Multiyear surveys confirm Atlantic salmon farmed in the relatively warm conditions of Tasmania are persistently colonised by the same, largely novel, Aliivibrio species and a restricted range of other Vibrionaceae. Some of these species were found to be particularly adept at colonising salmon in warm water conditions. Though some Aliivibrio coloniser strains possessed CDT-genes it is yet unknown whether CDT-gene-positive Aliivibrio negatively impact Atlantic salmon . Since the strains studies possess a range of different colonization enabling mechanisms, interactions between Vibrionaceae in the gut of Atlantic salmon could be important for overall fish health, especially when they are exposed to stressful conditions, such as elevated sea surface temperatures.
Optimized SVM With BWA for CKD Prediction
Authors: P Sirisha A B N , N Dhanalakshmi , S Siva Priyanka
Published: May 2024

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a significant health concern affecting millions worldwide. It is a prevalent health condition which results in gradual loss of Kidney function. About 10% of global population is affected by it which accounts to more than 800 million people. There is a need for early diagnosis and intervention to mitigate its risk. By Utilizing the AI/ML algorithms prediction of CKD can be done accurately. In this paper the efficiency of Black widow optimization algorithm with SVM is proposed in identifying whether it is prone to CKD or not. CKD dataset from standard UCI machine learning repository which consists of wide range of clinical features and biomarkers which aids in CKD Classification has been used. The accuracy and execution time of BWO-SVM achieved is 98.75% and 0.0023s in classifying CKD. It is observed that the BWO SVM algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of both accuracy and execution time metrics. The intention of this project is to contribute in CKD diagnosis and help to provide early detection and timely intervention.
Convergent Synthesis, Kinetics and Computational Comprehensions of Indole- (Phenyl)triazole Bi-heterocycles Amalgamated with Propanamides as Elastase Inhibitors
Authors: Shakila Shakila , Abbasi Muhammad Athar , Rehman Aziz-ur- , Siddiqui Sabahat Z. , Nazir Majid , Muhammad Shabbir , Raza Hussain , Shah Syed A. Ali , Shahid Muhammad , Chaudhry Aijaz Rasool , Kim Song Ja
Published: May 2024

In the study presented here, 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoic acid was sequentially converted into ethyl 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanoate, 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)butanohydrazide and 5-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-1,2,4-triazole-2-thiol as a nucleophile. In a parallel series of reactions, various electrophiles were synthesized by reacting aryl amines with 3-bromopropanoyl chloride to afford N-(aryl)-3-bromopropanamides. Then the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 5 was carried out with different electrophiles, to achieve final bi-heterocyclic derivative. The structural confirmation of all the synthesized compounds was done by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and CHN analysis data. The inhibitory effects of these bi-heterocyclic propanamides were evaluated against elastase, and all these molecules were identified as potent inhibitors relative to the standard used. The kinetics mechanism was ascribed by evaluating the Lineweaver–Burk plots, which revealed that compound 9d inhibited elastase competitively to form an enzyme–inhibitor complex. The inhibition constant Ki calculated from Dixon plots for this compound was 0.51 µM. These molecules also exhibited mild cytotoxicity toward red blood cell membranes, when analyzed through hemolysis. So, these molecules might be deliberated as nontoxic medicinal scaffolds for dealing with the elastase related ailments such as lungs diseases, cyclic neutropenia, pruritic skin disease and liver infection.
Enhancement of laser noise image based on photorefractive nonlinearity of lithium niobate crystals
Authors: Gao Yuzhen , Gao Chengyong , Han Guangbing , Bao Fangxun
Published: May 2024

Enhancement of laser noise image based on stochastic resonance process in lithium niobate crystals is studied theoretically and experimentally in this paper. A noise function based on the refractive change in crystal is proposed for the numerical simulation. The simulation results show that the presence of noise can induce the optical nonlinearity in lithium niobate crystals to change from self-defocusing to self-focusing. Under an appropriate noise intensity, the strongest stochastic resonance process can occur, resulting in restored the image signal submerged by noise eventually. There is a good agreement between the experimental and numerical results. When a single noise image is transmitting in a nonlinear crystal system, the stochastic resonance process is considered to be the result of the self-coupling between the scattered noise and the transmitted signal when the noise and signal are scattered simultaneously in the crystal. The research results in this paper can provide theoretical and experimental guidance for the early acquisition and post-processing of images containing inherent noise, and will promote the industrialization of noise information sensing technology largely.
Comprehensive analysis of RNA sequencing and integrated machine learning reveals a metabolism related prognostic signature for improving outcomes in ccRCC
Authors: Liu Xiuheng , Liu Yunxun , Yan Zhiwei , Yang Rui , Wang Minghui , Wang Lei , Weng Xiaodong , Chen Zhiyuan
Published: May 2024

The connection between metabolic reprogramming and tumor progression has been demonstrated in an increasing number of researches. However, further research is required to identify how metabolic reprogramming affects interpatient heterogeneity and prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In this work, Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) based deconvolution was utilized to create a malignant cell hierarchy with metabolic differences and to investigate the relationship between metabolic biomarkers and prognosis. Simultaneously, we created a machine learning-based approach for creating metabolism related prognostic signature (MRPS). Following the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), MRPS shows consistent and strong performance and is an independent risk factor for overall survival. Furthermore, compared to 51 published signatures and conventional clinical features, MRPS showed substantially higher accuracy. GGT6, an essential metabolic indicator and component of MRPS, has been proven to support proliferation and invasion in ccRCC. In conclusion, MRPS has the potential to be a highly effective tool in improving the clinical results of patients with ccRCC.
Construction of a competing endogenous RNA network and identification of ITGA2 as a potential target in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wu Guoliang , Wang Xinyu , Zhu Yiming , Liu Shaoyan , Ni Song
Published: May 2024

Background
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) stands as the prevalent malignancy within the endocrine system. This study's primary aim is to probe the domain of potential biomarkers associated with PTC
Methods
Datasets from GEO and TCGA databases were used to analyze the differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs), miRNA (DE-miRNAs), and methylated DNAs, which were further integrated to establish a mRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network by the integrative bioinformatics analyses. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis was performed to reveal the functions of the ceRNAs by means of Metascape. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to evaluate the expression level of several genes. Methylation-specific PCR was used to assess the methylation levels of Integrin Subunit Alpha 2 (ITGA2) promoter. CCK-8 and transwell assays were used to investigate the biological function of ITGA2.
Results
160 potential ceRNA pairs were identified from the intersection of mRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Simultaneously, 970 methylated genes including 127 hypermethylated and 843 hypomethylated were recognized by overlapping the methylation datasets. Then, we retained 51 methylation-related ceRNA pairs. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the 51 genes were primarily involved in ECM-receptor interaction and proteoglycans in cancer. Finally, we demonstrated that ITGA2 acted as an oncogene in thyroid cancer.
Conclusion
Our study constructed an intricate mRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network as well as pinpointed numerous prospective candidates within the domain of thyroid cancer. Furthermore, our findings suggest that ITGA2 could potentially serve as a viable target in the treatment of thyroid cancer.
Agromorphological genetic identification of almond genetic resources regarding physicochemical properties in Turkey
Authors: ÇOLAK Ayşen Melda , GUNDOGDU Muttalip , BERK Selma KURU , SAHİN Turhan , CANAZ Mustafa
Published: May 2024

Almond is one of the important fruit types for the nuts and cosmetics industry. At this stage, the selection of cultivars to be grown according to their intended use is important and new cultivars are breding. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of fruits of Ferragnes, Ferraduel and Nonpareil cultivars and Sıra, Ak and Nurlu genotypes were examined. Nurlu genotype was found to have higher values than other cultivars and genotypes in terms of fruit weight (1.52 g) and dimensions (28.28 mm length, 14.25 mm width, 7.97 mm thickness). While Sıra genotype stood out in terms of micro elements (Fe, Mn), Nurlu genotype stood out in terms of macro elements (N, P, K). The highest amounts of lineloeic and oleic acids (10.07 and 68.71%, respectively) were obtained in the Ferragnes cultivar, and the highest oil content was obtained in the Sıra genotype (60.09%). In terms of phenolic compounds, the Nonpareil cultivar, which has the highest content of catechin (45.51 mg kg− 1) and o-coumaric acid (2.52 mg kg− 1), gained value. When the relationships of all traits were examined, it was determined that Nurlu genotype and Ferragnes cultivar were independent from others. While a linear relationship was found between oleic, stearic, palmitic and lionelenic acids, an opposite relationship was found these acids to linoleic acid. In this study, it was determined that genotypes have superior characteristics as well as cultivars, and it was observed that they can guide growers in the cultivar selection stage in garden establishment.
Hypothermia prevents OGD/R induced injury by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and enhancing autophagy
Authors: Shi Cheng-Long , Gao Yong-Jun , Wang zhen , Chen Jing-Ce , Chen chong , Gu Yao , Xu Rui , Min Xiao-Li
Published: May 2024

Objectives
To evaluate the role of hypothermia in the injury of PC12 cells which induced by OGD/R. To investigate the mechanism of hypothermia intervention to alleviate OGD/R-induced injury of PC12 cells through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and autophagy, and to lay a foundation and provide theoretical basis for clinical application of hypothermia on protect nerve injury in the future.
Methods
Induce PC12 cells establish an Ischemia reperfusion injury model in vitro by OGD/R. Then, intervene PC12 cells with OGD/R and OGD/R treated with LY294002 inhibitor at 37℃, 32℃, 27℃. Valuate cell viability by CCK-8 assay, detect the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR proteins through western blotting, evaluate signaling pathway activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, detect protein expression of LC3I/II by immunofluorescence and western blotting, and observe the autophagosomes by fluoroscopic electron microscopy to evaluate autophagy. Detect apoptosis by flow cytometry, and evaluate the cell damage.
Results
Hypothermia treatment could effectively improve the cell viability of PC12 cells treated with OGD/R, and the cell viability increased with the decrease of temperature (P < 0.05). Hypothermia treatment also promoted the increase of the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR proteins in cells (P < 0.05). In addition, flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of different treatments, and the results showed that hypothermia could inhibit the apoptosis that induced by OGD/R. In the control group, OGD/R group and LY294002 inhibitor group, autophagy specific protein LC3I/II which labeled with green fluorescently was increased significantly under the culture conditions of 32℃ and 27℃, and the fluorescence signal was enhanced. Meanwhile, the expression level of LC3I/II also increased. Autophagosome was increased under the electron microscopy.
Conclusion
Hypothermia can inhibit apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis and the level of autophagy, thus protecting PC12 cell damage that induced by OGD/R.
Repurposing Resveratrol: A Novel Approach to Inhibit MTH1 for Effective Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Taiyab Aaliya , Haider Shaista , Choudhury Arunabh , Rathi Aanchal , Hussain Afzal , Alajmi Mohamed F , Chakrabarty Anindita , Islam Asimul , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz
Published: May 2024

The increased metabolic activity in cancer cells often leads to higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to normal cells, which can cause damage to cellular components, including DNA. Cancer cells rely on MTH1 to maintain their DNA integrity and cellular function to counteract this damage. MTH1 is critical in sanitizing oxidized nucleotide pools by removing damaged nucleotides. Inhibition of MTH1 disrupts this repair process, leading to increased DNA damage and cell death in cancer cells. In this study, we present resveratrol (RV) as a potential MTH1 inhibitor. Docking and MD Simulations illustrated the effective binding of RV to the active site of the MTH1 protein, forming a notably stable complex. The fluorescence binding studies estimated a high binding affinity of RV with MTH1 (Ka − 6.2 x 105), inhibiting MTH1 activity with IC50 20.4µM. The inhibitory effects of RV on the proliferation of breast cancer cells revealed significant inhibition in cell growth, leading to apoptosis. RV significantly increases ROS production, inducing considerable oxidative stress and ultimately resulting in cell death. Our study offers a rationale for evaluating RV as an MTH1 inhibitor for potential anti-cancer therapy, particularly in breast cancer.
Courage versus Tolerance of Ambiguity among Young Adults Making Career Decisions. The Moderating Effect of Life Orientation
Authors: Paszkowska-Rogacz Anna
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between courage and tolerance of ambiguity among young adults when making career decisions. It also aimed to determine whether life orientation—categorized as either transitive or moratory—serves as a moderating factor in this relationship, and to what extent. The study included 229 participants, consisting of 145 women and 84 men, aged 19 to 26. Courage was measured using a custom-adapted version of the Courage Scale, and tolerance of ambiguity was assessed with the Tolerance of Ambiguity in Career Decision Making Questionnaire. Life orientation was evaluated using the KPS-S2 Social Participation Questionnaire. Results indicated that both moratory and transitive orientations significantly moderated the relationship between courage and tolerance of ambiguity. Specifically, an interaction between low to medium moratory orientations and courage, as well as between medium to high transitive orientations and courage, was observed. In both scenarios, this interaction was associated with an increased aversion to tolerance of ambiguity.
Virtual experiment on platonic solids for teaching space-time quantization
Authors: Pereira da Silva Jizreel
Published: May 2024

The work presents the virtual experiment on Platonic solids in a complementary way, where its importance is crucially used for the treatment of the teaching of the quantization of space-time via loop quantum gravity. The research was part of one of the studies carried out with 23 students in the 3rd year of high school in São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The project is part of several introduced subjects on modern and contemporary physics, as well as frontier research topics. The student starts to have a student-researcher posture and based on Ausubel and Bruner's learning theories, they develop significant learning and receive new information and concepts at the elementary level, conditioning them to a critical and reflective posture. We use the experiment in which students interactively learn three-dimensional shapes, calculate surface area and volume and discover mathematical properties of shapes, necessary knowledge that covers the discussion of the theory. Subsequently, they carried out the skills test and we collected data from the students' operations to present the scenario of innovation and reflection on the possibility of introducing research topics in physics, but with appropriate language for the audience of interest according to Bruner's learning theory.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Berbagai Model Feeder Terhadap Performa Produksi Parent Stock Ayam Pedaging Lohmann
Authors: Nursita Ita Wahju , Budianto Nadhoveza
Published: May 2024

Salah satu faktor yang ditargetkan dalam pemeliharaan parent stock adalah keseragaman bobot badan. Keseragaman salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh konsumsi pakan pada sistem pemeliharaan koloni. Konsumsi pakan sangat bergantung pada model feeder yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan model feeder yang berbeda terhadap performa produksi broiler parent stock. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental rancangan acak lengkap sub-sampling dengan 3 perlakuan (pan feeder, chain feeder, dan covinc feeder) dan 4 ulangan dengan 7 kali pengamatan. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan analysis of variance. Apabila terdapat pengaruh yang nyata akan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model feeder yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap hen day production. Rata-rata hen day production adalah 58,2 Â± 1,45%. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap produksi telur tetas dan berat telur. Nilai rata-rata produksi telur tetas sebesar 99,2 Â± 0,3% dan rata-rata berat telur sebesar 58,8 Â± 0,85 gram. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahwa perlakuan terbaik dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan pan feeder.