bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil-landscape relationship in sandstone-gneiss topolithosequence in Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: da Silva Fonseca Julimar , César Costa Campos Milton , Gomes de Brito Filho Elilson , Campos Mantovanelli Bruno , Santos Silva Laércio , Ferreira Leite de Lima Alan , Maurício Da Cunha José , Lira Simões Emily , Antônio Coutrim dos Santos Luís
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Soil position in the landscape reveals its history of formation and genesis. Therefore, the landscape is the combination of features of the surface of the earth with subsurface components (parent material), while the soil is a three-dimensional, dynamic natural body inserted in the landscape. This research aimed to study the soil-landscape relationship in a sandstone-gneiss topolithosequence in Amazonas, Brazil. The study was carried out along a 9.253-meter transect from the top downwards the softer slope. Soil profiles were selected in five landscape compartments (top, upper third, lower third, transport foothill, and deposition foothill). Morphological, mineralogical, physical, chemical, and ray diffraction characterizations were performed. Soils had different morphological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical attributes due to the variations of the geological substrate and landscape position. The mineralogy of the clay fraction is composed of kaolinite, goethite, hematite, and gibbsite, with goethite being the predominant iron oxide. A sand fraction dominance was observed in relation to the other fractions in all the profiles, being related to the alluvial nature of the parent material, with the highest values occurring in the lower third. The separation of the landscape into geomorphic surfaces and identification of the parent material were effective for understanding the variation of soil attributes along the landscape.
Arable soil formation and erosion: a hillslope-based cosmogenic nuclide study in the United Kingdom
Authors: Evans Daniel L. , Quinton John N. , Tye Andrew M. , Rodés Ángel , Davies Jessica A. C. , Mudd Simon M. , Quine Timothy A.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Arable soils are critical resources that support multiple ecosystem
services. They are frequently threatened, however, by accelerated erosion.
Subsequently, policy to ensure their long-term security is an urgent
societal priority. Although their long-term security relies upon a balance between
the rates of soil loss and formation, there have been few investigations of
the formation rates of soils supporting arable agriculture. This paper
addresses this knowledge gap by presenting the first
isotopically constrained soil formation rates for an arable
(Nottinghamshire, UK) and coniferous woodland hillslope (Shropshire, UK).
Rates ranged from 0.026 to 0.096 mm yr−1 across the
two sites. These rates fall within the range of previously published rates
for soils in temperate climates and on sandstone lithologies but
significantly differed from those measured in the only other UK-based study.
We suggest this is due to the parent material at our sites being more
susceptible to weathering. Furthermore, soil formation rates were found to
be greatest for aeolian-derived sandstone when compared with
fluvially derived lithology raising questions about the extent to which the
petrographic composition of the parent material governs rates of soil
formation. On the hillslope currently supporting arable agriculture, we
utilized cosmogenically derived rates of soil formation and erosion in a
first-order lifespan model and found, in a worst-case scenario, that the
backslope A horizon could be eroded in 138 years with bedrock exposure
occurring in 212 years under the current management regime. These findings
represent the first quantitative estimate of cultivated soil lifespans in the UK.
Editors' Introduction
Authors: Smith Jackie , Bair Jennifer , Manning Patrick , Ruvolo David , Brode Adam
Published: September 2019

Editors' introduction to Summer/Fall 2019 issue
O termo negócio no português brasileiro setecentista
Authors: Duchowny Aléxia Teles , Oliveira Luíza Pereira de
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar as características do nome negócio no português setecentista. Esta pesquisa foi motivada pela observação feita por Amaral e Ramos (2014), que sugerem que o século XVIII parece ter sido a fase inicial da gramaticalização de negócio, passando de nome lexical a geral. Há evidências de que negócio era utilizado como sinônimo de coisa, nome geral por excelência, ainda no latim, o que nos leva a supor que a gramaticalização de negócio seja mais antiga do que imaginamos e que negócio tenha entrado para o português já com o estatuto de nome geral.
Musical Humility: An Ethnographic Case Study of a Competitive High School Jazz Band
Authors: Coppola William J.
Published: September 2019

For this research, I utilized an ethnographic case study to examine the role of humility within a competitive high school jazz band in the western United States. The current study draws from recent humility research stemming from the field of positive psychology and offers an initial understanding of these perspectives in music education. From this research, a 5-component definition of humility particular to musical participation was established, resulting in an emergent construct presently referred to as musical humility: (a) purposeful musical engagement and collaboration, (b) lack of superiority, (c) acknowledgement of shortcomings and learnability, (d) other-orientedness, and (e) healthy pride. This initial step in musical humility research contributes to the growing ontology of “humilities” currently identified within social psychology, including general humility, intellectual humility, cultural humility, and others. Through this study, I posit that musical experiences rooted in humility enable the enhancement of both musical and social relationships, which serve to cultivate other-oriented and prosocial ways of being both within music participation and society more broadly.
The Effect of Professional Development on Music Teachers’ Improvisation and Composition Activities
Authors: Hickey Maud , Schmidt Casey
Published: September 2019

Despite the recent emphasis for more improvisation and composition in kindergarten through 12th grade music classrooms, survey studies have shown these activities are still largely missing. Lack of confidence as well as lack of training are reasons teachers cite for not including creative activities in their classrooms. Professional development may serve as a primary way to support teachers in their creative experiences and enact instructional change. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a music improvisation and composition workshop on teachers’ perceptions and reported frequency of teaching music improvisation and composition in their music classes. Specifically, we examined the immediate and long-term effect on teachers’ perceptions and instructional activities of composition and improvisation in their classrooms following a multiday professional development workshop. Results showed significant improvement in teachers’ perception of and intention to implement these activities immediately after the workshop. However, teachers’ intended frequency of using both improvisation and composition activities following the workshop were higher than the reported application of these when they returned to their classrooms and surveyed 6 weeks, 6 months, and then 9 months after the workshop.
Genealogical Relationships Do Not Support Indirect Speciesism
Authors: Mund Josh
Published: September 2019

In this article, I will identify an argument for the conclusion that all human moral agents have stronger moral reasons regarding other human beings than they do regarding nonhuman animals, and I will explain why I think this argument is unsound. The argument employs an empirical claim, that all human beings are more closely genealogically related to all other humans than they are to any nonhuman animals, and a moral claim, that one’s genealogical relationship to an individual is a morally relevant consideration. The moral claim is supported by a comparison between genealogically related individuals and a family.
Eternal Mirroring: Charles Patterson’s Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust
Authors: Woodward Natalie
Published: September 2019

This article uses Michael Rothberg’s (2009) Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization to question whether or not Charles Patterson (2002) is justified in his comparison of the Holocaust with animal cruelty in Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust. It considers whether the comparison adheres to a competitive model of ethics (animal cruelty is worse than the Holocaust because it is “eternal”) or a multidirectional model (there is an implicit connection between our treatment of humans and animals, which implies that the Holocaust is eternally mirrored in such acts of violence as animal cruelty).
Does In Vitro Meat Constitute Animal Liberation?
Authors: Poirier Nathan , Russell Joshua
Published: September 2019

There is a modern movement to grow artificial meat in laboratories in order to counter the ills of industrial animal agriculture. This article investigates whether lab-grown meat constitutes animal liberation by critically examining its proposed ethical superiority over traditional meat. These considerations are balanced with reflections on the ethical unknowns and shortcomings of the use of technology to solve human-caused problems. We examine a range of meanings attributed to “animal liberation” and consider how various forms of violence are potentially left unchallenged, with a particular focus on gender relations.
Indigenous and Colonial Physical Culture in Lethbridge: Sport, Contact, and Settlement on the Prairie Frontier
Authors: Kossuth Robert
Published: September 2019

On the prairie frontier at the turn of the twentieth century, sport represented one of the earliest social practices and sites of contact between migrant settlers and First Nations peoples. In Lethbridge, some of the first interactions between Indigenous peoples—primarily the Niitsitapi (Blackfoot)—and Euro-Canadians occurred during this period of community-building. Examining these points of exchange through understandings of contact and colonialism can disrupt existing narratives. The concept of intersectionality provides one means to assess historical relations between settlers and Indigenous peoples in the colonial-era Canadian west. Additionally, contact zones as spaces where disparate cultures interacted provide further insight into how some Indigenous athletes disrupted frontier identities attached to athletic prowess through horse racing, rodeo, and distance running. For these Indigenous athletes, the intersections where they existed often defined their sporting achievements, where the opportunity to compete revealed possibilities unavailable elsewhere in their daily lives.
Plenty of Food in “A World of Electric Light”: Unfulfilled Dreams of Technical Civilization in Cracow during World War I
Authors: Wood Nathaniel
Published: September 2019

Based on official proclamations, diaries, police records, and occasional newspaper reports, this examination of Cracow during the First World War explores the effect of the war on modern systems and amenities such as mobility, sanitation, communication, entertainment, and the provision of food. It pays particular attention to attitudes toward new technologies such as automobiles and airplanes, which had exemplified the wondrous potential of modernity in the years before the war. The article argues that for citizens of a recently modernizing metropolis like Cracow, the war seemed only to interrupt, redirect, or pervert the workings of modern mechanized society. Despite the hope of one diarist that technologies such as airplanes or submarines, which were currently used to sow “death and destruction,” could be, after the war, redirected for positive commercial and civilian use, by the last years of the war prospects for traveling safely in them with plenty of food “in a world of electric light” seemed unrealistic. The war had cut off the flow of people and goods that characterized urban life before it; darkness, suffering, and food shortages had become the new reality. As other diarists put it, “animalism” and “banditry” seemed to have prevailed.
The Driving Forces of Stock Returns in Hong Kong
Authors: Liang Samuel Xin
Published: September 2019

We comprehensively investigate what drives stock returns in Hong Kong stock market which has been consistently ranked as one of the most important markets for IPOs. We find that Hong Kong inflation rate is a systematic pricing factor across stocks after controlling for Fama-French three-factor. It is different from the U.S. market and other developed markets that the momentum, dividend yield, cash-flow yield, earnings yield, and return-reversal factors are not significant pricing factors for stock returns in Hong Kong. Our Fama-MacBeath (1973) regressions show that a stock’s value (cash-flow yield and book-to-market ratio) is the strongest predictor of stock returns in Hong Kong after controlling for market, value, and size factors and macroeconomic factors.
Legal Nature of the Contract of Succession as a Special Institute of Civil Law of the Russian Federation
Authors: Gazizullina Liliya Zakievna , Sboeva Irina Mikhailovna
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the authors analyse a new institution for the Russian legal system, namely, the contract of succession institution. It is a qualitatively new way to transfer property, which was legislated as a supplement to the existing grounds of succession.

It is noted that one of the advantages of this type of succession is that this type of agreement enables a property owner not only to outline the circle of successors during his/her lifetime but also to stipulate clear conditions for their entry into rights of succession. That is, thanks to this agreement, it becomes possible to determine to whom and what kind of property will be transferred after the death of the owner, and what conditions must be met for this.

In this paper, the authors correlate a contract of succession with mixed categories: they compare (only by some criteria) a contract of succession with a unilateral transaction - a last will and testament.

The authors conclude that the institution of the contract of succession is a symbiosis of succession and contractual legal relations (mixed nature), which may lead to certain problems in the future during the enforcement of the current legislation.
Inverse spectral problem for the matrix Sturm-Liouville operator with the general separated self-adjoint boundary conditions
Authors: Xu Xiao-Chuan
Published: September 2019

In this work, we study the matrix Sturm-Liouville operator with the separated self-adjoint boundary conditions of general type, in terms of two unitary matrices. Some properties of the eigenvalues and the normalization matrices are given. Uniqueness theorems for determining the potential and the unitary matrices in the boundary conditions from the Weyl matrix, two characteristic matrices or one spectrum and the corresponding normalization matrices are proved.
Inverse nodal problem for nonlocal differential operators
Authors: Xu Xin-Jian , Yang Chuan-Fu
Published: September 2019

Inverse nodal problem consists in constructing operators from the given zeros of  their eigenfunctions. The problem of differential operators with nonlocal boundary condition appears, e.g., in scattering theory, diffusion processes and the other applicable fields. In this paper, we consider a class of differential operators with nonlocal boundary condition, and show that the potential function can be determined by nodal data.
Wybrane czynniki warunkujące kompetencje szkolne z perspektywy współczesnych neuronauk i nauk pedagogicznych
Authors: Gołyszny Miłosz
Published: September 2019

There are several sources that determine school abilities: endogenous factors, i.e. abilities, intelligence, personality, internal motivation, and exogenous factors, such as environment and external motivation. The causes of school failures are found most often in the level of fluid or crystallised intelligence. In particular in the fluid intelligence, which is genetically conditioned. The type of personality also affects the achievement in learning, as well as the pleasure derived from it. The motives (for which students take action) can also have an impact on achievements – school abilities. There are two types of motivation: internal and external. The internal, exogenous motivation has an extremely strong positive impact and it should be stimulated by mentors – teachers. Furthermore, there are several types of general abilities that also affect school competences. Abilities should be noticed and developed during school education. Undoubtedly, the educational system should develop creativity and support the development of all individual characteristics, providing opportunity for self-fulfilment.
Modelling and interpretation of channel profile anomalies through stream length gradient (SL) indexes and GIS: A case study from the Vamanapuram River, Kerala, India
Authors: Hamza Vijith , Prasannakumar V , Pratheesh P
Published: September 2019

Longitudinal profile of the Vamanapuram River and its five major tributaries was characterized to detect anomalies in terms of knick points through the calculation of stream length gradient (SL) indexes. Longitudinal profiles show presence of knick points in different reaches, indicating changes from the graded smooth concave profile to ungraded convex profile. The ungraded profile segments were confirmed by high SL indexes having sudden changes in values than the adjacent segments and those exactly fitted with the ungraded profile segments. The SL anomaly index is capable of expressing the stream profile anomalies in terms of its severity and to classify the river segments into different orders of anomalies. Higher order SL anomalies are mostly in the midland and lower regions than the headwaters region and are in uniform lithology and are unrelated to the map-scale structural features present in the river basin. The present study points to differential effect of geological process in the middle and lower reaches of the watershed in which the tributaries responded more than the major river. Past seismic events in the region confirm the role of neotectonic processes, which might have influenced the streams by changing the graded base level. Detailed field investigations of the anomalous stream segments can help to identify and understand the imprints caused due to neotectonic activity.
Hedonic Analysis of Housing Prices and Development in Kaunas: Heritage Aspect
Authors: Rudokas Kastytis , Landauskas Mantas , Viliūnienė Odeta , Gražulevičiūtė - Vileniškė Indrė
Published: September 2019

The urban economists have stressed the importance of various amenities for the attractiveness of urban areas for residents and businesses and built cultural heritage can be considered as one of such amenities, the benefits of which should not be overlooked. This research was aimed to analyze the influence of heritage aspect including the heritage status or features of the building and the historic built environment in general on the real estate prices and development in Kaunas using hedonic price method. Two sets of data were collected for the analysis - general, including heritage buildings and including new construction since 2013. The research has demonstrated that heritage status and the year of construction (as older buildings can be considered having heritage features) have no significant positive influence on the real estate prices. Meanwhile, the location, heritage context and the architectural distinctiveness of new architecture have a direct influence on the real estate prices. The heritage context correlates with architectural quality of new construction as well. This reveals the benefits of heritage context both for the real estate developers and households; however, the study shows the unemployed social-economic potential of historic buildings as generators and maintainers of heritage context.
Europäisierung von Außenpolitik?
Authors: Clemens Gabriele , Reinfeldt Alexander , Rüter Telse
Published: September 2019

Did the establishment of the EPC in the 1970s, the predecessor of today’s EU Common Foreign and Security Policy, lead to the ‘Europeanisation’ of national foreign policies and the ‘socialisation’ of the actors involved? Based on a thorough analysis of sources, this study aims to answer these questions, taking into account different concepts of ‘Europeanisation’ and ‘socialisation’ in political science. It focuses on the four EC/EPC countries Belgium, France, Germany and the United Kingdom, and on the foreign policy areas of Southern Europe and the Mediterranean as well as Southern Africa. As the authors point out, only an in-depth and source-based analysis of decision-making processes on both an EPC and national level can determine the complex interactions as well as the influencing factors that shape foreign policy. By conducting such an analysis, they are able to provide conclusive answers to the questions of ‘Europeanisation’ and ‘socialisation’.
Equity, Diversity, Inclusion: Seattle’s “Loud at the Library” Collaboration
Authors: Pugh CiKeithia , Doyle Brooke
Published: September 2019

Public libraries know their storytime programs serve patrons’ early learning needs; however, questions arise as libraries feel a sense of urgency to address equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) issues.How can our storytimes attract a more diverse audience? How can we build a collection that represents our community? Is it enough if our shelves feature more authors of color and our storytime attendance climbs?
Once Upon a Wall: Storytime Mural Project Increases Engagement, Attendance
Authors: Smitala Mariah
Published: September 2019

When I first started my position as one half of the team responsible for preschool storytime in summer 2017, attendance at our Friday morning program for kids ages four to six was stagnant and low. Later that summer we also learned that Friday mornings would no longer be a consistent time slot, at least not in fall 2017.
Mess Does Not Equal Stress: Making the Case for Discovery-Based Play
Authors: Clausen Katie
Published: September 2019

Children’s librarians have no shortage of ideas for getting messy in the library. From paint to Play-Doh to shredded paper, the opportunities are endless.We, as professionals, know why discovery-based play is important; does our administration, our maintenance department, or our board? I’d like to share some language I use to give stakeholders and staff a framework for the why behind the mess. My hope is that you can use these talking points to introduce or enhance messy play programs in your library.
Efectos del programa CIPRES sobre el riesgo suicida en adolescentes
Authors: Bahamón Marly Johana , Alarcón-Vásquez Yolima , Trejos-Herrera Ana María , Vinaccia Alpi Stefano , Cabezas Andres , Sepúlveda Joaquín
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Effects of the CIPRES program on suicidal risk in adolescents. The objective of the study was to evaluate the specific changes generated by the CIPRES program on suicidal risk in adolescents. The sample comprised 106 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years old (53 in the experimental group, 53 in the control group), of which 54.7% were women (n = 58). The study used a quasi-experimental design of repeated pretest-posttest measures with a control group. Two assessment instruments were administered before and after the program: The Scale of the Suicide Risk (ERS) and the Inventory of Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation (PANSI). The pretest-posttest ANCOVAs showed that the program significantly reduced (p < .05) the scores of suicidal ideation, planning, self-harm, isolation/social support, lack of family support, and global suicide risk. In addition, it significantly increased positive ideation scores. The results support the relevance of this program to reduce suicidal risk in adolescents.Keywords: CIPRES; suicide risk; adolescents; psychological intervention; quasi-experiment.Resumen: El estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar los cambios específicos generados por el programa CIPRES sobre el riesgo suicida en adolescentes. La muestra se configuró con 106 adolescentes entre los 13 y 18 años (53 experimentales, 53 controles), de los cuales el 54.7% eran mujeres (n = 58). El estudio utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental de medidas repetidas pretest-postest con grupo de control. Se administraron dos instrumentos de evaluación antes y después de la aplicación del programa: la Escala de Riesgo Suicida (ERS) y el Inventario de Ideación Suicida Positiva y Negativa (PANSI). Los ANCOVAs pretest-postest evidenciaron que el programa redujo significativamente (p < .05) las puntuaciones en ideación suicida, planificación, autolesión, aislamiento/soporte social, falta de apoyo familiar, y riesgo suicida global. Además, aumentó significativamente las puntuaciones en ideación positiva. Los resultados apuntan a la relevancia de este programa para reducir el riesgo suicida en adolescentes.Palabras clave: CIPRES; riesgo de suicidio; adolescentes; intervención psicológica; cuasiexperimento.
Determinants of Infant Mortality in Bangladesh: A Nationally Surveyed Data Analysis
Authors: Rahman Azizur , Rahman Md. Sazedur , Rahman Md. Ashfikur
Published: September 2019

Background: It is well established that improving human health has direct obvious payoff on enhancing life expectancy along with economic growth. Infant mortality deliberately used to understand a countries overall public health status particularly child bearing mothers. But the prevalence of child mortality continues to be a prime public health concerns in Bangladesh. This study aims to investigate the impact of some geospatial, socioeconomic, demographic and health factors on infant mortality in Bangladesh.
Methods: The study modeled infant mortality (aged 0-11 months) as the categorical dependent variable using 11 selected covariates from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS-2014) dataset. The Pearson-Chi square test and Binary Logistic Regression methods were utilized for the bivariate and multivariate analyses.
Results: All the selected covariates were significantly associated with infant mortality in bivariate analysis. The results of the logistic regression revealed that illiterate father, household without toilet facility or having hanging toilet, multiple birth and small size at birth appeared at the significant risk factors for infant mortality. In contrast, receiving vitamin A dose and visiting in antenatal care revealed as protective factor for infant deaths.
Conclusion: This study is uniquely addressed some several determinants which are the immediate cause of infant deaths. This evidence based empirical study suggests that more attention needs regarding to eliminate all kinds of child mortality in Bangladesh along with infant mortality.
Índice de Estado Trófico de Lagos de Águas Claras Associados ao Baixo Rio Tapajós, Amazônia, Brasil
Authors: Sousa Bianca Larissa de Mesquita , Peleja José Reinaldo Pacheco , Sousa Brenda Leticia de Mesquita , Goch Ynglea Georgina de Freitas , Ribeiro Joseph Simões , Pereira Betinna do Santos , Lima Flávia Cristina Carvalho de , Lemos Edvaldo Junior de Souza
Published: September 2019

O Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) é uma ferramenta matemática capaz de classificar o grau de trofia de um corpo hídrico, avaliando a qualidade da água quanto às concentrações de clorofila-a e fósforo total, as quais são utilizadas para o cálculo do referido Índice. Os resultados correspondentes ao fósforo (P) devem ser entendidos como uma medida do potencial de eutrofização, já que este nutriente atua como o agente causador do processo. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar o estado trófico de lagos de águas claras, associado ao baixo rio Tapajós utilizando o índice de estado trófico(IET). O estudo considerou uma abordagem espacial e temporal, no qual se realizaram duas amostragens em quatro lagos da margem direita do baixo rio Tapajós, sendo uma em outubro de 2016, no período de águas baixas e outra em março de 2017 no período de águas altas. Os parâmetros limnológicos foram analisados a partir de coletas de água na região Limnética, a 30cm abaixo da superfície, contra a água corrente. Os valores médios de índice de IET entre os lagos não possuem diferença significativa. Somente entre os períodos de águas baixas e altas, com valores mais elevados. Os valores ponderados de Fósforo Total e Clorofila-a indicaram que atualmente as águas dos Lagos Verde, Jacundá, Taparí e Juá se encontram no estado ultraoligotrófico. De acordo com a resolução 357/05, os quatro lagos apresentaram concentrações de Fósforo Total e Clorofila-a dentro da faixa permitida pela legislação e tendo pouca variação na distribuição destes
Caracterização física dos resíduos sólidos urbanos gerados na cidade de Santa Cecília/Paraíba
Authors: Araújo Narcísio Cabral de , Soares Bruna Borges , Suassuna Rita de Cascia Avelino , Santo Fábio da Silva do Espírito , Santos Marcelo Soares Teles , Queiroz Abílio José Procópio
Published: September 2019

A determinação das características físicas é um parâmetro de extrema relevância para a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. A verificação dos materiais presentes nos resíduos diariamente gerados permite inferir sobre a viabilidade da implantação da coleta seletiva, os recursos humanos necessários, aquisição de viaturas, definição das dimensões das instalações necessárias para acondicionamento, reciclagem, compostagem e destinação adequada dos resíduos sólidos, além de ser fundamental na definição da alternativa mais adequadas para o tratamento final destes. Diante da importância mencionada, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a massa específica aparente, a geração per capta e a composição gravimétrica dos resíduos sólidos urbanos coletados pelo serviço de limpeza pública da cidade de Santa Cecília, localizada no estado da Paraíba. A caracterização gravimétrica foi realizada durante dois dias de coleta por meio da técnica do quarteamento. Os resultados apontam que a população urbana do município de Santa Cecília produz diariamente aproximadamente 3.232 kg de resíduos sólidos, com massa específica de 102,5 kg.m-3 e geração per capta de 1,73 kg hab.-1 dia-1. Aproximadamente 35% do total de resíduos sólidos gerados (resíduos secos) pela população urbana do município de Santa Cecília são diretamente comercializáveis, 19% são passíveis de serem transformados em adubos e utilizados por agricultores da região no condicionamento e fertilidade de solos, e aproximadamente 33% é rejeito, que deverá ser destinado para um aterro sanitário. Sendo assim, mais da metade dos resíduos sólidos urbanos gerados pelo município de Santa Cecília apresentam potencialidade para voltar para a cadeia produtiva através da reciclagem e compostagem, apenas 1.064,18 kg do total de resíduos diariamente gerados, deverá ser destinado a um aterro sanitário. Estes resultados evidenciam a importância da adoção das práticas de reciclagem e reutilização no contexto da gestão de resíduos sólidos, através da valoração e reintegração de materiais ao ciclo produtivo.
Perfil socioeconômico e práticas agrícolas de agricultores familiares no município de Chapadinha (MA)
Authors: Martins Filho José Bonifácio , Meneses Klara Cunha de , Coutinho Renata Santos , Reinaldo Lindykeila Ferreira , Pires Isabela Cristina Gomes , Ferrão Gregori da Encarnação
Published: September 2019

Ao longo do processo de produção de hortaliças, há diversos riscos de contaminação suscetíveis às culturas. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar as técnicas de produção de hortaliças e os riscos ocupacionais aos quais podem estar expostos os agricultores da Comunidade Kolping, de Chapadinha (MA) (COKC). Esta pesquisa baseia-se em um estudo de caso, em que os dados foram coletados através de aplicação de questionários e interpretados por estatística descritiva. De acordo com as informações levantadas, a comunidade é constituída, predominantemente, por mulheres, que correspondem a 89% dos entrevistados. No que tange ao sistema de produção, é caracterizado como de baixa produtividade, sem uso de tecnologias. A análise e caracterização do sistema de produção adotado pelos agricultores da COKC permitiram compreender que a eficiência da atividade agrícola dos membros é comprometida em função de fatores limitantes, como gestão da produção ineficiente, ausência de articulação e falta de assistência técnica. Nesse sentido, as recomendações sugeridas aos membros da COKC se pautaram na valorização do trabalho em equipe e na adoção de boas práticas agrícolas.
Sustentabilidade e expansão da agricultura irrigada: um olhar para o setor no estado de Goiás
Authors: Furquim Maria Gláucia Dourado , Abdala Klaus de Oliveira
Published: September 2019

O setor do agronegócio possui expressiva representatividade na economia brasileira com a geração de emprego, renda e riqueza, destacando-se, especialmente, na composição do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) de diversas regiões do país. Ao mesmo tempo, a atividade agrícola é um dos setores que mais demanda água, exigindo dos órgãos públicos efetividade nas políticas de gestão dos recursos naturais por serem eles bens comuns. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um panorama de sustentabilidade da expansão da agricultura irrigada em Goiás. Para atingí-lo, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, por meio de análise documental em dados disponibilizados pela SEAGRO acerca do cadastramento dos irrigantes que possibilitou construir um panorama da expansão da irrigação nesse estado, a qual tornou possível discutir o assunto sob a ótica de políticas públicas para regulação do setor, em buscar do aprimoramento de pesquisas científicas que venham a contribuir com a sustentabilidade do setor irrigante no estado de Goiás.
Lower Incisor Inclination in Relation to Head Posture, Tongue and Hyoid Positions
Authors: AKAN Seden , KEÇİK Defne
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between head posture, hyoid bone, tongue position and lower incisor inclination. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 98 subjects (35 males, 63 females), who had a mean age of 17.7 years in the permanent dentition and with a skeletal Class I relationship. Lower incisor inclination, craniovertical, craniocervical and craniohorizontal postural variables, tongue and hyoid position and airway measurements were evaluated on lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position. The study sample was divided into two groups according to lower incisor inclination (48 had IMPA<90 ⁰ with a mean degree of 88.09 and 50 had IMPA>90 ⁰ with a mean degree of 102.84) and a Student-t test was performed to compare and describe head posture, tongue and hyoid bone positions.Results: The subjects with upright incisors had a more posteriorly positioned hyoid bone relative to the mandibular symphysis compared with the subjects with flared incisors (p<0.05). Tongue length was greater in the flared incisor group than in the upright incisor group (p<0.05). In relation to head posture measurements, the upright incisor group had 3-3.5° larger cranio-cervical angles (NSL-OPT, NSL-CVT, NL-OPT, NL-CVT angles, p<0.05) than the flared incisor group. The airway measurements revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups.Conclusions: The position of the hyoid bone, tongue length and craniocervical head posture showed significant differences between upright and flared lower incisors.
Evaluation of Postoperative Pain After Using Different File Systems: A Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Olcay , HAZAR Ecehan , KOÇAK Mustafa Murat , KOÇAK Sibel , SAĞLAM Baran Can
Published: September 2019

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of instrumentation techniques on the postoperative pain after single-visit root canal treatment. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients having an indication of endodontic treatment were included. Only single rooted teeth were selected The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. In group 1; the root canals were instrumented using ProTaper Next instruments with rotational motion, in group 2 TF Adaptive instruments with adaptive motion were used during instrumentation. Treatments were completed in a single appointment. Postoperative pain questionnaires were scored by patients using a four-point pain intensity scale for 12, 24, and 48 hours. Mann Whitney-U, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used for analyzing the final data. Results: The comparison of time intervals between groups demonstrated no difference between both groups (p>.05). In both groups, the postoperative pain values of 12h time period were significantly higher than both other periods, and significant difference was found between 24h and 48h time periods (p<0.05). The postoperative pain values of 48h time period were significantly lower than the other two time periods (p<0.05). Conclusions: Both instrumentation techniques caused postoperative pain. The pain scores indicated that both techniques caused limited discomfort associated with slight pain which did not require any additional treatment and medication.
Oases of Humanity and the Realities of War
Authors: Brauman Rony
Published: September 2019

The rehabilitation of international humanitarian law (IHL) has become a priority for those who think that the horrors of contemporary wars are largely due to the blurring of the distinction between civilians and combatants and for those who think that campaigning for the respect of IHL could result in more civilised wars. Similarly, respect for humanitarian principles is still seen by many as the best tool available to protect the safety of aid workers. In this text, I argue that both assumptions are misled. The distinction between civilians and combatants, a cornerstone of IHL, has been blurred in practice since the late nineteenth century. In addition, humanitarian agencies claiming to be ‘principled’ have been victims of attacks as much as others. History and current practice tell us that neither IHL nor humanitarian principles provide safety or can guide our decisions. Accepting their symbolic value, rather than their unrealised potential to protect and solve operational dilemmas, would free humanitarian agencies from endless speculations.
The interplay between movement, dispersal and morphology in Tetrahymena ciliates
Authors: Pennekamp Frank , Clobert Jean , Schtickzelle Nicolas
Published: September 2019

Understanding how and why individual movement translates into dispersal between populations is a long-term goal in ecology. Movement is broadly defined as “any change in the spatial location of an individual”, whereas dispersal is more narrowly defined as a movement that may lead to gene flow. Because the former may create the condition for the latter, behavioural decisions that lead to dispersal may be detectable in underlying movement behaviour. In addition, dispersing individuals also have specific sets of morphological and behavioural traits that help them coping with the costs of movement and dispersal, and traits that mitigate costs should be under selection and evolve if they have a genetic basis. Here we experimentally study the relationships between movement behaviour, morphology and dispersal across 44 genotypes of the actively dispersing unicellular, aquatic model organism Tetrahymena thermophila. We used two-patch populations to quantify individual movement trajectories, as well as activity, morphology and dispersal rate. First, we studied variation in movement behaviour among and within genotypes (i.e. between dispersers and residents) and tested whether this variation can be explained by morphology. Then, we address how much the dispersal rate is driven by differences in the underlying movement behaviour. Genotypes revealed clear differences in terms of movement speed and linearity. We also detected marked movement differences between resident and dispersing individuals, mediated by the genotype. Movement variation was partly explained by morphological properties such as cell size and shape, with larger cells consistently showing higher movement speed and higher linearity. Genetic differences in activity and diffusion rates were positively related to the observed dispersal and jointly explained 47% of the variation in dispersal rate. Our study shows that a detailed understanding of the interplay between morphology, movement and dispersal may have potential to improve dispersal predictions over broader spatio-temporal scales.
Vocal expression of emotional valence in pigs across multiple call types and contexts
Authors: Briefer Elodie , Linhart Pavel , Policht Richard , Špinka Marek , Leliveld Lisette M C , Düpjan Sandra , Puppe Birger , Padilla de la Torre Mónica , Janczak Andrew M , Bourguet Cécile , Deiss Véronique , Boissy Alain , Guérin Carole , Read Eva , Coulon Marjorie , Hillmann Edna , Tallet Céline
Published: September 2019

Emotions, unlike mood, are short-lived reactions associated with specific events. They can be characterized by two main dimensions, their arousal (bodily activation) and valence (negative versus positive). Knowledge of the valence of emotions experienced by domestic and captive animals is crucial for assessing and improving their welfare, as it enables us to minimize the negative emotions that they might experience and to promote positive ones. Emotions can affect vocalizations directly or indirectly through the brain, lungs, larynx or vocal tract. As a result, vocal expression of emotions has been observed across species, and could serve as a non-invasive and potentially very reliable tool to assess animal emotions. In pigs (Sus scrofa), vocal expression of emotions has been relatively well studied. However, it is not known if the vocal indicators revealed in previous studies are valid across call types and contexts. To find this out, we conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of emotional valence on pig vocalizations, including calls recorded in the most common emotional situations encountered by pigs throughout their lives, from birth to slaughter. Our analyses revealed that pigs produced calls characterized by a higher center of gravity, a shorter duration, less noise (lower Wiener entropy), lower formants (measured using the formant dispersion) and LPC coefficients in positive compared to negative contexts. Overall, these vocal parameters could be very useful for developing automated methods to monitor pig welfare on-farm.
Regulator of G protein signaling 12 enhances osteoclastogenesis by suppressing Nrf2-dependent antioxidant proteins to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Ng Andrew Ying Hui , Li Ziqing , Jones Megan M , Yang Shuting , Li Chunyi , Fu Chuanyun , Tu Chengjian , Oursler Merry Jo , Qu Jun , Yang Shuying
Published: September 2019

Regulators of G-protein Signaling are a conserved family of proteins required in various biological processes including cell differentiation. We previously demonstrated that Rgs12 is essential for osteoclast differentiation and its deletion in vivo protected mice against pathological bone loss. To characterize its mechanism in osteoclastogenesis, we selectively deleted Rgs12 in C57BL/6J mice targeting osteoclast precursors using LyzM-driven Cre mice or overexpressed Rgs12 in RAW264.7 cells. Rgs12 deletion in vivo led to an osteopetrotic phenotype evidenced by increased trabecular bone, decreased osteoclast number and activity but no change in osteoblast number and bone formation. Rgs12 overexpression increased osteoclast number and size, and bone resorption activity. Proteomics analysis of Rgs12-depleted osteoclasts identified an upregulation of antioxidant enzymes under the transcriptional regulation of Nrf2, the master regulator of oxidative stress. We confirmed an increase of Nrf2 activity and impaired reactive oxygen species production in Rgs12-deficient cells. Conversely, Rgs12 overexpression suppressed Nrf2 through a mechanism dependent on the 26S proteasome, and promoted RANKL-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and NFκB, which was abrogated by antioxidant treatment. Our study therefore identified a novel role of Rgs12 in regulating Nrf2, thereby controlling cellular redox state and osteoclast differentiation.
MicroRNA-mediated control of developmental lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Jung Hyun Min , Hu Ciara T , Fister Alexandra M , Davis Andrew E , Castranova Daniel , Pham Van N , Price Lisa M , Weinstein Brant M
Published: September 2019

The post-transcriptional mechanisms contributing to molecular regulation of developmental lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic network assembly are not well understood. MicroRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators during development. Here, we use high throughput small RNA sequencing to identify miR-204, a highly conserved microRNA dramatically enriched in lymphatic vs. blood endothelial cells in human and zebrafish. Suppressing miR-204 leads to loss of lymphatic vessels while endothelial overproduction of miR-204 accelerates lymphatic vessel formation, suggesting a critical positive role for this microRNA during developmental lymphangiogenesis. We also identify the NFATC1 transcription factor as a key miR-204 target in human and zebrafish, and show that NFATC1 suppression leads to lymphatic hyperplasia. The loss of lymphatics caused by miR-204 deficiency can be largely rescued by either endothelial autonomous expression of miR-204 or by suppression of NFATC1. Together, our results highlight a miR-204/NFATC1 molecular regulatory axis required for proper lymphatic development.
Endangered wild salmon infected by newly discovered viruses
Authors: Mordecai Gideon J , Miller Kristina M , Di Cicco Emiliano , Schulze Angela D , Kaukinen Karia H , Ming Tobi J , Li Shaorong , Tabata Amy , Teffer Amy , Patterson David A , Ferguson Hugh W , Suttle Curtis A
Published: September 2019

The collapse of iconic, keystone populations of sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) salmon in the Northeast Pacific is of great concern. It is thought that infectious disease may contribute to declines, but little is known about viruses endemic to Pacific salmon. Metatranscriptomic sequencing and surveillance of dead and moribund cultured Chinook salmon revealed a novel arenavirus, reovirus and nidovirus. Sequencing revealed two different arenavirus variants which each infect wild Chinook and sockeye salmon. In situ hybridisation localised arenavirus mostly to blood cells. Population surveys of >6000 wild juvenile Chinook and sockeye salmon showed divergent distributions of viruses, implying different epidemiological processes. The discovery in dead and dying farmed salmon of previously unrecognised viruses that are also widely distributed in wild salmon, emphasizes the potential role that viral disease may play in the population dynamics of wild fish stocks, and the threat that these viruses may pose to aquaculture.