bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (87)
Authors: Haig A.J. , Yamakawa K. , Hudson: D.M.
Published: September 2010

Paraspinal electromyography in high lumbar and thoracic lesions. (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI) Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2000;79:336–342.

This study aimed to use needle electromyography in the paraspinal muscles to localize the root level of a radiculopathy. Nine cases of clinically proven, isolated high lumbar or thoracic disk herniations of patients who underwent MiniPM were collected. Four were from a prospective study of 114 persons with low back pain (MiniPM had 100% sensitivity to magnetic resonance imaging‐documented high disks). In the most medial “S” column, mean MiniPM scores were 0.7 for the level above the radiologically documented lesion (3.1 at the lesion and 1.6, 1.6, and 1.1 at the 3 spinous processes below the lesion). Similar numbers were obtained in the “M” column (slightly lateral), with no significant differences between S and M. Differences were significant between and at the level of the lesion for S (P < 0.06) and M (P < 0.01), and between the lesion level and 3 levels below for the M column (P < 0.01). Conclude that paraspinal electromyography has a higher than previously reported sensitivity for high lumbar lesions. Electromyography using MiniPM can localize some radiculopathies. The individual cases suggest that, consistent with the anatomy of the caudi equina, thoracic lesions and lateral lumbar lesions denervate only at 1 level, but more central lumbar lesions also denervate distally innervated paraspinal muscles.

Comment by Miles Day, MD.

This study is designed to assess the sensitivity of many MiniPM for higher‐level rediculopathies, ie, lower thoracic and high lumbar, and to determine if findings are specific to the root level involved. The MiniPM is thought to assess the multifidus portion of the paraspinal muscles that are innervated from L2 to the sacrum. The clinical protocol tests the paraspinal extensively and provides a numerica score, thus eliminating some subjectivity of the EMG. The study demonstrates that MiniPM has good sensitivity for high lumbar and thoracic lesions and provides information on the level of the lesion independent of limb EMG. After reviewing the study, I agree with the authors that MiniPM is in itself not diagnostic for radiculopathy, but is only an additional test to help support other neuro physiological studies when evaluating for radiculopathy. It is not specific for diagnosing radiculopathy.
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (90)
Authors: Botwin Kenneth P. , Gruber Robert D. , Bouchlas Constantine G. , Torres‐Ramos Francisco M. , Freeman Ted L. , Slaten: Warren K.
Published: September 2010

Complications of fluoroscopically guided transformational lumbar epidural injections. (Florida Spine Institute, Clearwater, FL) Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:1045–1050.

This retrospective cohort design study assessed the incidence of complications of fluoroscopically guided lumbar transformational epidural injections at a multidisciplinary spine care center. Patients presenting with radiculopathy caused by either lumbar spinal stenosis or herniated nucleus pulposus confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scanning received transformational epidural steroid injections as part of a conservative care treatment plan. All injections were performed consecutively over a 4‐month period by 5 physiatrists. An independent observer reviewed medical charts, which included a 24‐h postprocedure telephone call by an ambulatory surgery center nurse who had asked questions from a standardized questionnaire about complications following the injections. Physician follow‐up office notes 1 to 3 weeks after the injection, along with epiduragrams, were also reviewed. Two hundred seven patients who received 322 injections were reviewed. Complications per injection seen included 10 transient nonpositional headaches that resolved within 24 h (3.1%), 8 increased back pain (2.4%), 2 increased leg pain (0.6%) 4 facial flushing (1.2%), 1 vasovagal reaction (0.3%), 1 increased blood sugar (258 mg/dL) in an insulin‐dependant diabetic (0.3%), and 1 intraoperative hypertension (0.3%). No dural punctures occurred. Conclude there were no major complications. The incidence of minor complication was 9.5% per injection. All reactions resolved without morbidity, and no patient required hospitalization.
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (91)
Authors: Petchkrua Wannapha , Harris: Stacy A.
Published: September 2010

Shoulder pain as an unusual presentation of pneumonia in a stroke patient: a case report. (University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL) Arch Med Phys Rehabil 2000;81:827–829.

An 89‐year‐old woman with right hemiparesis secondary to ischemic lacunar infarction who developed sudden onset of right shoulder pain on the fifth day of inpatient rehabilitation is discussed in this case study. The pain was severe, limiting range of motion (ROM) and participation in therapy. Extensive investigations to rule out subluxation, fracture, connective tissue disease, RSD, and pulmonary embolism were negative. Ultimately, her shoulder pain and decreased ROM completely resolved with antibiotic treatment for right lower lobe pneumonia. Conclude that her symptoms were possibly referred pain from diaphragmatic irritation transmitted via right C4 sensory axons in the phrenic nerve, which shares the same dermatome as the right acromion area. This case was an unusual presentation of pneumonia in an elderly woman with hemiplegia. The authors recommend that pneumonia be considered in differential diagnoses of shoulder pain.
Physical Therapy (93)
Authors: Razmjou Helen , Kramer John F. , Yamada: Riki
Published: September 2010

Intertester reliability of the McKenzie evaluation in assessing patients with mechanical low back pain. (Sunny Brook & Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2000;30:368–389.

In this study, patients were assessed simultaneously by 2 physical therapists trained in the McKenzie evaluation system. The therapists were randomly assigned as examiner and observer. Agreement was estimated by Kappa statistics. Forty‐five subjects (47 ± 14 years), composed of 25 women and 20 men with acute, subacute, or chronic low back pain were examined. The agreement between raters for selection of the McKenzie syndromes was K = 0.70, and for the derangement subsyndromes was K = 0.96. Interrater agreement for the presence of lateral shift, relevance of lateral shift, relevance of lateral component, and deformity in the sagittal plane was K = 0.52, 0.85, 0.95, and 1.00, respectively. Intertester agreement on syndrome categories in 17 patients under 55 years of age was excellent with K = 1.00. Conclude that a form of low back evaluation, using patterns of pain response to repeated end range spinal test movements, was highly reliable when performed by 2 properly trained physical therapists.

Comment by Karen Crawford, RPT.

This article intends to address the ability for therapists to agree on a low back pain diagnosis using the McKenzie technique of classification. It is important for this study to select a clear clinical diagnosis in order to establish rationale for patient management and determine a prognosis. Another purpose for this study was to agree on the relevance of sagittal and frontal plane deformities using McKenzie methods in assessing patients with back pain. The subjects included adult patients with a history of acute, subacute, or chronic low back pain. Patients were referred by general practitioners or specialists for treatment at an outpatient department where the study was conducted. The examination consisted of taking a history, observational evaluation of the range of motion, and completion of a specified tests movements in the sagittal, frontal, and combined planes. Subjects were allowed to communicate only with the assessor. A total of 46 patients with a history of low back pain agreed to complete the assessment. Patients were divided into 2 groups, those 55 years of age and older and those younger than 55. McKenzie identifies only 3 mechanical syndromes: 1. Postural, 2. Dysfunction, 3. Derangement. Each of these syndromes were divided into separate subsyndromes according to location of the pain and presence or absence of spinal deformities. The study concluded that therapists trained in use of the McKenzie evaluation system can be highly reliable in reaching the same conclusion in respect to classifying patients into diagnostic syndromes and subsyndromes, especially in patients under the age of 55. In contrast to other published studies, the importance of advanced training for interpretation of symptom behavior definitely leads to selection of the correct diagnosis.
Occipital Nerve Blockade for Cervicogenic Headache: A Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Naja Zoher M. , El‐Rajab Mariam , Al‐Tannir Mohamad A. , Ziade Fouad M. , Tawfik Omar M.
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Cervicogenic headache is a chronic hemicranial pain, usually occurring daily. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of nerve stimulator‐guided occipital nerve blockade in the treatment of cervicogenic headache. The reduction in analgesic consumption was the primary outcome measure. Fifty adult patients diagnosed with cervicogenic headache were randomly divided into two equal groups of 25 patients each. All patients in both groups received greater and lesser occipital blocks, whereas only 16 patients in each group received facial nerve blockade in association with the occipital blocks. The control group received injections of an equivalent volume of preservative‐free normal saline. Pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Total Pain Index (TPI). Forty‐seven patients entered into the final analysis as three patients were lost to follow‐up. Anesthetic block was effective in reducing the VAS and the TPI by approximately 50% from baseline values (P = 0.0001). Analgesic consumption, duration of headache and its frequency, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, decreased appetite, and limitations in functional activities were significantly less in block group compared to control group (P < 0.05). The nerve stimulator‐guided occipital nerve blockade significantly relieved cervicogenic headache and associated symptoms at two weeks following injection.
A Retrospective Study of the Incidence of Neurological Injury after Axillary Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Ben‐David B. , Barak M. , Katz Y. , Stahl S.
Published: September 2010

Background: It has been suggested that performing a nerve block under general anesthesia, as customary in pediatric population, may predispose to nerve injury. However, few clinical data exist to either support or refute this assertion.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on all patients who received an axillary block for upper extremity surgery in our institution during an eight‐year period. The blocks were performed under sedation or general anesthesia, without using a nerve stimulator. Perioperative records from the Hand Surgery Unit Clinic were reviewed for postoperative complaints and complications.

Results: In the eight‐year period of the review, 336 patients had axillary block. In total, 230 received the block with sedation and 106 during general anesthesia. All the sedated patients were older than 14 years (mean age 45.2), while of the general anesthesia patients 48 were older than 14 years (mean age 13.9 years). There were six cases of postoperative nerve injury in sedated patients (2.6%) vs. eight cases (7.5%) in the general anesthesia patients. Most patients recovered fully within several weeks. One patient had permanent nerve injury.

Conclusions: Definitive conclusions cannot be drawn because of disparities in patient group demographics (majority of pediatric patients were in the general anesthesia group) and the retrospective nature of this study. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that the conduct of axillary block under general anesthesia in pediatric patients holds a greater potential for nerve injury than when the block is performed under sedation in adults.
Ultrasound‐Guided Lumbar Plexus Block for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Hip Fracture
Authors: Morimoto Maki , Kim Jung T. , Popovic Jovan , Jain Sudheer , Bekker Alex
Published: September 2010

Purpose: Ultrasound technology has been applied to increase both efficacy and safety of certain peripheral nerve blocks. This case report describes the first successful ultrasound‐guided lumber plexus block.

Clinical Features: We describe a 91‐year‐old woman with aortic stenosis who successfully underwent open reduction and internal fixation of a fractured right hip with a lumbar plexus block. Ultrasound provided direct visualization to help identify the anatomical structures and guide the block needle during performance of the block. Complete block of the lumbar plexus was attained within 15 min, and the surgical procedure was performed uneventfully.

Conclusion: The use of ultrasound has gained popularity to perform peripheral nerve blocks. In this case report, a successful lumbar plexus block was performed with ultrasound guidance. By direct visualization, using this technology may potentially reduce complications associated with lumbar plexus blocks.
A Simplified Echocardiographic Measurements of Direct Effects of Restrictive Annuloplasty on Mitral Valve Geometry
Authors: Shudo Yasuhiro , Matsue Hajime , Toda Koichi , Hata Hiroki , Fujita Shinichi , Taniguchi Kazuhiro , Sawa Yoshiki
Published: September 2010

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct effects of restrictive mitral annuloplasty on mitral valve geometry. Methods: We studied 23 patients (mean age: 63 ± 5 years) with functional mitral regurgitation (moderate to severe) and advanced cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction: 25 ± 8%) with ischemic (n = 15) or nonischemic (n = 8) conditions, who underwent restrictive annuloplasty. We determined annular septal‐lateral diameter, tenting height, tenting area, vertical length of coaptation of the mitral leaflets (coaptation length), and ratio of coaptation length to septal‐lateral diameter (coaptation length index) at end‐systole, before and after surgery, using transthoracic echocardiography. Results: Annular septal‐lateral diameter, tenting height, and tenting area were significantly decreased (34 ± 7 to 20 ± 5 mm, P < 0.05; 9 ± 4 to 5 ± 2 mm, P < 0.05; 210 ± 120 to 80 ± 50 mm2, P < 0.05, respectively), whereas coaptation length and coaptation length index were significantly increased (3.4 ± 1.3 to 6.5 ± 2.9 mm, P < 0.05; 0.11 ± 0.06 to 0.33 ± 0.15, P < 0.05, respectively). Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that these five variables had a statistically significant correlation with the degree of mitral regurgitation. Furthermore, stepwise regression analysis showed that coaptation length index, in contrast to coaptation length, was the most important correlate with the degree of mitral regurgitation. Conclusion: Our simplified parameters were useful for quantitative and geometrical descriptions of mitral valve geometry, and may also provide important information for developing a surgical strategy for functional mitral regurgitation. (Echocardiography 2010;27:931‐936)
Continuing Medical Education Program in Echocardiography
Authors: Fan Pohoey , Enache Roxana , Antonini‐Canterin Francesco , Piazza Rita , Popescu Bogdan A. , Leiballi Elisa , Marinigh Ricarda , Andriani Cristina , Pecoraro Rosa , Ginghina Carmen , Nicolosi Gian Luigi
Published: September 2010

Article Title: Long‐Term Outcome in Asymptomatic Patients with Severe Aortic Regurgitation, Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, and Severe Left Ventricular Dilatation (Echocardiography 2010;27:914)
Design of Observational Studies edited by P. R. Rosenbaum
Authors: Gilbert Peter B.
Published: September 2010

Design of Observational Studies

(P. R. Rosenbaum)      Peter B. Gilbert

Longitudinal Data Analysis

(G. Fitzmaurice, M. Davidian, G. Verbeke, and G. Molenberghs, Editors)      Joseph W. Hogan

Multiple Testing Problems in Pharmaceutical Statistics

(A. Dmitrienko, A. C. Tamhane, and F. Bretz, Editors)      Jason Stover

Life Distributions: Structure of Nonparametric, Semiparametric, and Parametric Families

(A. W. Marshall and I. Olkin)      Yosef Rinott
Incidence of Posterior Vessel Wall Puncture During Ultrasound‐guided Vessel Cannulation in a Simulated Model
Authors: Moon Cynthia H. , Blehar David , Shear Michael A. , Uyehara Paradis , Gaspari Romolo J. , Arnold Jeremy , Cukor Jeffrey
Published: September 2010

Objectives:  The incidence of posterior vessel wall puncture (PVWP) during central line placement with possible subsequent injury to structures lying behind the vein is unknown. At times the internal jugular vein lies immediately anterior to the carotid artery rather than lateral to it, leading to potential arterial puncture should the needle pass through the vein completely. The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of PVWP during simulated ultrasound (US)‐guided vessel cannulation.

Methods:  Enrolled subjects were emergency medicine resident and attending physicians. Subjects performed US‐guided venous access on simulated blood vessels within gelatin‐based US phantoms. While blinded to the purpose of the study, each subject performed successful cannulation of the vessel on separate phantoms, with wire placement confirmed by expert review of a follow‐up US. Each phantom was subsequently deconstructed to manually inspect for PVWP.

Results:  Thirty‐five subjects with a range of experience in the technique participated, each performing both transverse and long‐axis approaches for a total of 70 cannulations. The overall incidence of PVWP was 34% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 22.9% to 45.1%).

Conclusions:  This study found a high incidence of inadvertent PVWP during simulated US‐guided vessel cannulation in this model.

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1138–1141 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Prejudice as Self‐Control Failure1
Authors: Muraven Mark
Published: September 2010

Research has suggested that whereas stereotypical attitudes may be automatically activated, the response to these stereotypes can be controlled. Anything that interferes with self‐control may result in more biased behavior. The ego strength model hypothesizes that after exerting self‐control, subsequent self‐control performance will suffer. Hence, depletion of ego strength may lead to increased prejudice. In 2 studies, depletion was found only to affect individuals who normally try to control their prejudicial responses. Participants who do not normally try to control their use of stereotypes were equally prejudiced, regardless of their level of ego strength. The results have implications for prejudice and stereotyping, as well as models of self‐control.
Social Interdependence and Orientation Toward Life and Work1
Authors: Tjosvold Dean , XueHuang Yan , Johnson David W. , Johnson Roger T.
Published: September 2010

The relationship between social interdependence and orientation toward life and work was investigated in this study. Participants were 135 dyads of Chinese employees from 4 companies. Cooperativeness was significantly related to positive indexes of orientation toward life and work, competitiveness was related to a positive orientation toward life, and a predisposition to act individualistically was related to general measures but very few of the work‐specific measures. Coworkers' ratings indicate that cooperators were perceived as being very positive and productive employees, while competitors and individualists were perceived negatively in terms of work productivity and relationships with others. The discrepancy between self‐perceptions and perceptions of coworkers indicate that competitors especially may have a self‐beneficial delusion about the effectiveness of their behavior.
Personal Control as a Mediator and Moderator Between Life Strains and Psychological Well‐Being in the Unemployed
Authors: Creed Peter A. , Bartrum Dee A.
Published: September 2010

This study surveyed 214 unemployed adults on well‐being, the latent (status, social support, activity, time structure, collective purpose) and manifest benefits (financial strain) of employment, and personal control. We tested whether personal control would predict well‐being over and above the effects of the latent and manifest benefits, and tested whether it moderated or mediated the relationship between the latent and manifest benefits and well‐being. Personal control explained additional variance over and above the latent and manifest benefits; it moderated the effect of both activity and financial strain on well‐being; and it mediated the relationship between financial strain, time structure, collective purpose, status, and well‐being. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
The Role of Women's Relationships With Their Partners in Their Adjustment Following Prenatal Genetic Testing1
Authors: Humphreys Lauren , Cappelli Mario , Aronovitch Ethel , Allanson Judith , Hunter Alasdair G. W.
Published: September 2010

This study explored how aspects of the couple relationship contributed to the adjustment of 95 women who underwent prenatal diagnostic (PND) testing because of advanced maternal age (AMA). Participants completed self‐report measures prior to genetic counseling (T1), during the waiting period for PND test results (T2), and after normal results were received (T3). At T2, distress was predicted by the degree to which women approached the PND decision jointly with their partners, and marital adjustment was predicted by women's satisfaction with the support received from their partners. Marital adjustment at T3 was predicted by earlier levels of partner agreement about PND‐related issues. Results suggest that the couple relationship has the potential to facilitate or hinder women's experience of PND testing.
A Taxonomy of Equity Factors
Authors: Siegel Philip H. , Schraeder Mike , Morrison Rodger
Published: September 2010

A perplexing problem with Adams' (1963) equity theory has been the difficulty associated with operationalizing requisite components, perceived employee inputs, and outcomes. This study, involving 352 respondents, produced empirically derived, two‐dimensional taxonomies of inputs and outcomes, laying the foundation for identification of key variables. Specifically, the study summarizes a typology of 9 distinct employee inputs perceived as controllable by individuals, including effort, education, attendance, and cooperativeness. Conversely, the study summarizes a typology of 14 distinct outcomes along a continuum of 4 dimensions, including personalized vs. generalized and economic vs. noneconomic characteristics. These typologies and incumbent regression analysis provide insight into the complexities associated with inputs and outcomes in the context of equity theory.
The Contribution of Positive Politics to the Prediction of Employee Reactions
Authors: Fedor Donald , Maslyn John , Farmer Steven , Bettenhausen Kenneth
Published: September 2010

This study investigates whether perceptions of positive (i.e., beneficial) political behaviors are distinct from those of negative political behaviors and the extent to which positive politics perceptions contribute to the prediction of organizationally relevant employee reactions. Data were drawn from 119 survey respondents. The results indicate that, rather than 2 ends of a continuum of political behavior, positive and negative politics represent separate perceptions both of which are seen to occur for individual, group, and organizational foci. In addition, perceptions of positive politics contribute significantly beyond perceptions of negative politics to the prediction of the 4 outcomes used in this study (satisfaction with one's job, supervision, and coworkers; and fulfillment of one's psychological contract with the organization).
The Theory of Reasoned Action and the Role of External Factors on Heterosexual Men's Monogamy and Condom Use1
Authors: Beadnell Blair , Baker Sharon A. , Gillmore Mary Rogers , Morrison Diane M. , Huang Bu , Stielstra Sorrel
Published: September 2010

Although the majority of prevention efforts have focused on women, reduction of heterosexual transmission of STDs also requires interventions for men, necessitating understanding of men's safer sex decision making. In a random sample of 486 heterosexually active men, the theory of reasoned action (TRA) was used to predict intentions to use condoms with casual partners, as well as 2 steady‐partner safer sex behaviors: mutual monogamy and condom use. The basic TRA model fit the data well. Expanded models identified the mediated (via attitudes, social norms, and self‐efficacy) and, for some, direct effects on intentions and behavior of selected intrapersonal, interpersonal, and sociocultural variables. Results suggest that the role of external variables might vary depending on the behaviors in question.
Why Did They Claim Too Much? The Role of Causal Attributions in Explaining Level of Cooperation in Commons and Anticommons Dilemmas
Authors: Van Hiel Alain , Vanneste Sven , De Cremer David
Published: September 2010

The present study (N = 200) investigated participants’ attributions for explaining the behavior of noncooperative and cooperative targets in a commons and anticommons dilemma. The attribution dimensions of concern for others, fear, (low levels of) greed, and efficiency were highly related and were interpreted to reflect prosocial orientation. Cooperative targets were judged as more prosocial, but these differences were more pronounced in the commons than in the anticommons dilemma. Crossover interaction effects were obtained for ignorance and fear, revealing higher attribution scores for the noncooperative target in the commons dilemma and the cooperative target in the anticommons dilemma. It is argued that commons and anticommons dilemmas constitute different frames of reference for judging cooperative behavior.
Effects of Team Goal Interdependence on Newcomer Socialization: An Experiment in China1
Authors: Chen Nancy Yi‐Feng , Lu Jia‐fang , Tjosvold Dean , Lin Chengtao
Published: September 2010

Increased employee mobility and the widespread use of teams underline the importance of understanding the socialization of newcomers into groups. Applying the theory of cooperation and competition, this study experimentally investigated the relationship between team climate and newcomer socialization and performance. We found that a cooperative, in comparison to a competitive or independent team climate strengthened the relationship and interaction between newcomers and the other team members. Thereby, this facilitated newcomer socialization.
Right‐Wing Authoritarianism in Relation to Proposed Judicial Action, Electromyographic Response, and Affective Attitudes Toward a Schizophrenic Mother
Authors: Fodor Eugene M. , Wick David P. , Hartsen Kim M. , Preve Rebecca M.
Published: September 2010

Student participants who were high vs. low on Altemeyer's (1996) Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) scale read background information and observed a videotaped interview concerning a schizophrenic woman who ostensibly killed her 2 young children in response to what she perceived as divine command. The woman now was functioning normally in response to medical treatment. High RWAs recommended harsher sentencing and expressed less sympathy than did low RWAs. High RWAs also evinced more facial electromyographic activity from the corrugator brow (i.e., frown) muscle while observing the interview than did low RWAs and gave the woman lower ratings on the Affective Attitudes Scale (Crites, Fabrigar, & Petty, 1994).
Relationships Between Organizational Commitment and Its Antecedents: Employee Self‐Concept Matters
Authors: Johnson Russell E. , Chang Chu‐Hsiang (Daisy)
Published: September 2010

Employee self‐concept is a critical self‐regulatory variable in organizational settings. In this paper, we discuss the relevance of self‐concept for organizational commitment, and propose that self‐concept levels moderate relationships between commitment and its antecedents. Using an experimental design in which we primed the working self‐concept of employed participants, we found support for our hypotheses. Specifically, relationships between affective commitment and its antecedents (organizational support, procedural justice, and company and supervisor satisfaction) were more pronounced for employees with salient collective self‐concepts. Alternatively, relationships between continuance commitment and its antecedents (outcome and supervisor satisfaction) were stronger for employees with salient individual self‐concepts. We discuss the implications of our findings and suggest directions for future research.
Recurrent erythema multiforme triggered by progesterone sensitivity
Authors: Nasabzadeh Teresa J. , Stefanato Catherine M. , Doole John E. , Radfar Arash , Bhawan Jag , Venna Suraj
Published: September 2010

Determining the underlying etiology of recurrent erythema multiforme (EM) can be a difficult endeavor. Although infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been implicated in some cases, the precise trigger of a given patient's recurrent EM often remains elusive. We discuss the case of a woman with a recurrent blistering eruption that was clinically and histopathologically consistent with EM. An investigation into the etiology of the patient's EM suggested that HSV was not the causative factor but instead pointed toward a hormonal influence that we interpret as autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD). This case is presented to highlight the importance of considering hormonal triggers in women with recurrent EM that consistently flares during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, the point at which serum progesterone levels peak. A brief review of the literature regarding the diagnosis, histopathology, etiology and treatment of APD is further provided.

Nasabzadeh TJ, Stefanato CM, Doole JE, Radfar A, Bhawan J, Venna S. Recurrent erythema multiforme triggered by progesterone sensitivity.
Proteomic profiling reveals a catalogue of new candidate proteins for human skin aging
Authors: Laimer Martin , Kocher Thomas , Chiocchetti Andreas , Trost Andrea , Lottspeich Friedrich , Richter Klaus , Hintner Helmut , Bauer Johann W. , Önder Kamil
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Studies of skin aging are usually performed at the genomic level by investigating differentially regulated genes identified through subtractive hybridization or microarray analyses. In contrast, relatively few studies have investigated changes in protein expression of aged skin using proteomic profiling by two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, although this approach at the protein level is suggested to reflect more accurately the aging phenotype. We undertook such a proteomic analysis of intrinsic human skin aging by quantifying proteins extracted and fluorescently labeled from sun‐protected human foreskin samples pooled from ‘young’ and ‘old’ men. In addition, we analyzed these candidate gene products by 1‐D and 2‐D western blotting to obtain corroborative protein expression data, and by both real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) and microarray analyses to confirm expression at the mRNA level. We discovered 30 putative proteins for skin aging, including previously unrecognized, post‐translationally regulated candidates such as phosphatidyl‐ethanolamine binding protein (PEBP) and carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1).
The potential role of vitamin D in the progression of benign and malignant melanocytic neoplasms
Authors: Pinczewski Joel , Slominski Andrzej
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Hormonally active vitamin D3, 1,25‐(OH)2D3, is believed to have a role in the prevention of cancer formation and in limiting the aggressiveness of cancers that do arise. Therefore, much interest is presently being focused on 1,25‐(OH)2D3 and its analogues as potential treatments for various cancers including melanoma. This article discusses the evidence in favour of a role for 1,25‐(OH)2D3 in protection against the progression of melanocytic lesions and also summarizes the mechanisms by which 1,25‐(OH)2D3 may act to protect against melanoma development and progression.
Facticious disorders in dermatology
Authors: Harth Wolfgang , Taube Klaus‐Michael , Gieler Uwe
Published: September 2010

Facticious Disorders are self inflicted skin lesions and includes the creation of physical or psychiatric symptoms in oneself or other reference persons. In dermatology frequently, there are mechanical injuries by pressures, friction, occlusion, biting, cutting, stabbing, thermal burns or self‐inflicted infections with wound‐healing impairment, abscesses, mutilations or damages by acids and other toxic to the skin. The current classification differentiates between four groups: 1. Dermatitis artefacta syndrome in the narrower sense as unconscious/dissociated self‐injury, 2. Dermatitis paraartefacta syndrome: Disorders of impulse control, often as manipulation of an existing specific dermatosis (often semi‐conscious, admitted – self‐injury), 3. Malingering: consciously simulated injuries and diseases to obtain material gain, 4. special forms, such as the Gardner Diamond Syndrome, Münchhausen Syndrome and Münchhausen‐by‐Proxy Syndrome.

This categorization is helpful in understanding the different pathogenic mechanisms and the psychodynamics involved, as well as in developing various therapeutic avenues and determining the prognosis.
Diagnosis of cutaneous tumors with in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Eichert Stefanie , Möhrle Matthias , Breuninger Helmut , Röcken Martin , Garbe Claus , Bauer Jürgen
Published: September 2010

In recent years, in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) has become an established method for the non‐invasive examination of the skin. In vivo CLSM allows for real‐time imaging of micro‐anatomic cutaneous structures. It has been used to diagnose ambiguous skin tumors and to measure subclinical tumor spread prior to surgery. By additionally providing high power morphologic information, in vivo CLSM helps to reduce unnecessary biopsies. A multitude of diagnostic features for skin tumors has been published. Here we review published diagnostic in vivo CLSM features, and compare them to our own experience in 100 tumors. In combination with clinical examination and dermatoscopy, in vivo CLSM is a valuable additional tool for non‐invasive skin tumor diagnosis.
Adverse drug reactions to biologics
Authors: Scherer Kathrin , Spoerl David , Bircher Andreas J.
Published: September 2010

The use of biologics has rapidly expanded since the introduction of the first diagnostic antibodies; they are now widely employed in oncology, autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases and transplantation medicine. Their widespread use has resulted in an increase in adverse drug reactions. Adverse effects result from both direct pharmacological actions and immunological actions, as well as through induction of a specific immune response. The nomenclature, particularly of the monoclonal antibodies, identifies the target structure and organ as well as the species of origin, which then helps predict their effects and antigenic properties. Depending on the extent of foreign protein, anti‐allotypic or anti‐idiotypic antibodies with or without neutralizing properties may be induced. Adverse drug reactions from biologics often depend on the target and may be explained by activation or inhibition of particular cytokine pathways. Adverse drug reactions are classified by their pathomechanism, which enhances understanding of the pathogenesis and facilitates both allergologic diagnostic measures and planning of premedication in future treatments. This review emphasizes immunostimulatory and hypersensitivity reactions.
Systemic isotretinoin in the treatment of rosacea – doxycycline‐ and placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical study
Authors: Gollnick Harald , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike , Szabó Eörs Lāszlō , Meyer Karl‐Gustav , Hauptmann Petra , Popp Georg , Sebastian Michael , Zwingers Thomas , Willers Christoph , Von Der Weth Renate
Published: September 2010

Background: Systemic isotretinoin has been known for decades to be effective in the treatment of severe forms of rosacea, but it must be used off‐label because of the lack of evidence‐based data.

Patients and Methods: 573 patients with rosacea subtype II and III received one of three different dosages of isotretinoin (0.1 mg, 0.3 mg, or 0.5 mg per kg body weight), doxycycline (100 mg daily for 14 days, then 50 mg daily) or placebo in a double‐blinded, randomized way for 12 weeks in 35 German centers.

Results: Isotretinoin 0.3 mg/kg proved to be the most effective dose with significant superiority versus placebo. Isotretinoin 0.3 mg/kg showed also significant non‐inferiority versus doxycycline with reduction of lesions of 90 % compared to 83 % with doxycycline. Investigators diagnosed complete remission in 24 % and marked improvement in further 57 % of patients with isotretinoin treatment, in contrast to remission in 14 % and marked improvement in 55 % of patients treated with doxycycline. Isotretinoin 0.3 mg/kg revealed a similar safety profile as for the treatment of acne. Isotretinoin 0.5 mg/kg showed more dermatitis facialis as compared to 0.3 mg/kg.

Conclusions: Isotretinoin 0.3 mg/kg is an effective and well‐tolerated therapy option for the treatment of rosacea subtype II and III and can therefore be used successfully as an alternative to therapy with oral antibiotics.
Sarcoidal granulomas in a cosmetic tattoo in association with pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Baumgartner Magdalena , Feldmann Robert , Breier Friedrich , Steiner Andreas
Published: September 2010

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, which may affect multiple organ systems. The skin is involved in up to one‐third of cases. The development of granulomatous lesions within tattoos is a well‐recognized phenomenon in patients with sarcoidosis. The characteristic histology shows non‐caseating granulomas; however similar findings may be seen in foreign body granulomas. We report on a patient, who developed sarcoidal granulomas within the black pigment of his tattoos. This subsequently led to the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Phototherapy and photochemotherapy
Authors: Iordanou Eleni , Berneburg Mark
Published: September 2010

The treatment of skin diseases with ultraviolet radiation represents an important therapeutic modality in clinical dermatology, and the number of skin diseases that improve under the phototherapeutic modalities of today is still growing. While clinical phototherapy was originally based on empirical observations, our present understanding of the underlying mechanisms has improved substantially due to important progress in photobiological science. The better understanding of this scientific basis of treatment allows to both choose the correct phototherapeutic modality and determine the most effective treatment regimen. The aim of this article is to discuss the appropriate indications for phototherapy as well as its safe and effective employment, providing practical help in daily clinical phototherapeutic practice.
Direct High‐Frequency Stimulation of Peri‐Implant Rabbit Bone: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Naert Ignace , Van Schoonhoven Dorien , Duyck Joke
Published: September 2010

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of direct high‐frequency mechanical stimulation on the peri‐implant tissue healing.

Materials and Methods: A total of 48 custom‐made 2‐mm diameter titanium implants were inserted in the tibial epiphyses of 12 rabbits. Half of the implants were stimulated by direct vibration (60 ± 10 Hz) immediately after insertion for 1 and 4 weeks, respectively. The other half served as controls. The samples were collected after the animals were sacrificed and were histologically processed into paraffin sections and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The bone fraction was measured in an area of 50 and 400 µm around the implant. To rate significant differences a one‐way analysis of variance was used with α set at 5%.

Results: No significant difference in bone fraction was found between test and control groups. When the bone fractions of the 50 and 400 µm peri‐implant regions were compared, a significantly larger bone fraction was found in the 50 µm peri‐implant region for the 4‐week stimulated group.

Conclusion: Histomorphometric analyses could not reveal a pronounced effect of direct immediate high‐frequency implant loading.
Primary Stability Determination by Means of Insertion Torque and RFA in a Sample of 4,135 Implants
Authors: Degidi Marco , Daprile Giuseppe , Piattelli Adriano
Published: September 2010

Objectives: The aims of the present study are to evaluate the primary stability of a sample of 4,135 implants and to investigate the correlations between primary stability and mechanical characteristic of the implant and bone density at insertion time.

Material and Methods: The study was conducted from March 2002 to January 2009 at a private practice in Bologna (Italy). Patients were eligible for the study if they needed the insertion of single or multiple implants. Bone density, length, and diameter of each implant were recorded. During surgery for each implant, peak insertion torque (IT) was recorded; the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values were also collected. Finally, it was recorded whether an implant was lost or removed at an early stage (within 6 months from insertion surgery).

Results: A total of 1,045 consecutive patients were included in the study. A total of 4,135 of implants were inserted. The sample presented 1,184 implants inserted in a postextractive site. The mean peak IT was 34.82 ± 19.36. The mean RFA was 71.57 ± 10.63 implant stability quotient. Spearman correlation analysis shows the presence of a weak positive correlation between IT and RFA. The statistical analysis shows a relevant dependency between IT and bone quality and a very weak dependency between RFA and bone quality. Again, the statistical analysis shows a quite weak correlation between length or diameter and IT, but it shows a relevant correlation between length and RFA. Postextractive implants presented a higher mean IT and a lower RFA compared with implants inserted in healed sites. Twenty‐eight (0.7%) implants were considered to have failed and removed within 6 months.

Conclusions: The results show that the implants studied obtain a good primary stability with a standard protocol. The IT and RFA appear as two independent features of primary stability. Data show that only IT is influenced by bone density as well as only RFA is correlated to the length of implants used. Finally, it is possible to obtain a good primary stability also in postextractive sites.
The reactive oxygen species–Src–Stat3 pathway provokes negative feedback inhibition of apoptosis induced by high‐fluence low‐power laser irradiation
Authors: Sun Xuegang , Wu Shengnan , Xing Da
Published: September 2010

High‐fluence low‐power laser irradiation (HF‐LPLI) can induce apoptosis by triggering mitochondrial oxidative stress. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is an important transcription factor in the modulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, using real‐time single‐cell analysis and western blotting analysis, we investigated the changes in activities of Stat3 in COS‐7 cells upon HF‐LPLI (633 nm, 80 and 120 J·cm−2) and the underlying mechanisms involved. We found that Stat3 was significantly activated by HF‐LPLI in a time‐dependent and dose‐dependent manner. Stat3 activation attenuated HF‐LPLI‐induced apoptosis, as shown by the fact that both dominant negative Stat3 (Y705F) and Stat3 small interfering RNA expression enhanced cellular apoptosis induced by HF‐LPLI. Moreover, we also found that Src kinase was the major positive regulator of Stat3 activation induced by HF‐LPLI. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was essential for Stat3 and Src activation upon HF‐LPLI, because scavenging of ROS by vitamin C or N‐acetylcysteine totally abrogated the activation of Stat3 and Src. Taken together, these findings show that the ROS–Src–Stat3 pathway mediates a negative feedback inhibition of apoptosis induced by HF‐LPLI in COS‐7 cells. Our research will provide new insights into the mechanism of apoptosis caused by HF‐LPLI, and also extend the functional study of Stat3.
Susceptibility of Prunus rootstocks to natural infection of Plum pox virus and effect of mineral oil treatments
Authors: Vidal E. , Moreno A. , Bertolini E. , Pérez‐Panadés J. , Carbonell E.A. , Cambra M.
Published: September 2010

The use of rootstocks that are less susceptible or resistant to natural Plum pox virus (PPV) infection and/or the application of mineral oil treatments are two possible strategies to reduce viral incidence in nursery plots. We evaluated the susceptibility of Prunus rootstocks used in the Spanish stone fruit industry and the effect of mineral oil treatment (Sunspray Ultrafine at 1%) on the spread of the virus at two different localities in Valencia, Spain, under different natural PPV inoculum pressures (high inoculum pressure, 2006–08; low inoculum pressure, 2006–07). Samples from both plots were analysed by double‐antibody sandwich indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (DASI‐ELISA) and spot real‐time RT‐PCR. Under high inoculum pressure, the assayed rootstocks exhibited significant differences in their susceptibility to natural infection. The most susceptible rootstocks at the end of the experiment were Adesoto 101 and Mariana GF8‐1. Cadaman and Garnem rootstocks presented the fewest PPV‐infected plants; these infections could be detected only by spot real‐time RT‐PCR. No differences among the assayed rootstocks were found under low PPV inoculum pressure. Aphid species were monitored using Moericke yellow water traps and sticky‐plant methods at both localities in May 2006 and 2007. Aphis spiraecola was the most abundant aphid species monitored by both methods at both localities. The average percentage of A. spiraecola carrying PPV PCR‐amplifiable targets was 30.37% in the plot with high PPV inoculum pressure and only 7.98% in the plot with low inoculum pressure. We found significant differences in PPV incidence between Mariana GF8‐1 plots that were treated with mineral oil and those that were not treated after one year under natural conditions and high PPV inoculum pressure.
The Tort Remedy in Search and Seizure Cases: A Case Study in Juror Decision Making
Authors: Casper Jonathan D. , Benedict Kennette , Perry Jo L.
Published: September 2010

Civil suits for damage awards against police officers alleged to have engaged in illegal searches have long been suggested as an alternative to the exclusionary rule as a remedy for police misconduct. A review of empirical literature on the incidence and outcomes of such suits suggests that defendant officers often prevail and that the awards do not seem large enough to produce the punishment and deterrence effect often claimed by proponents of the tort remedy. Using an experimental technique involving simulated trials and adults called for jury service as subjects, we examine the effects of two procedural aspects of such suits on juror awards. The extent of municipal liability and the substitution of the U.S. government as plaintiff do not appear to affect the incidence or size of compensatory or punitive damage awards. Denying jurors information about the outcome of the search does appear likely to increase damage awards. The article both explores factors affecting juror decision-making in these cases and illustrates the utility and limitations of the experimental method for testing suggested policy innovations.