bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os impactos do câncer de mama na autoimagem da mulher
Authors: Schneider Tatiane , Silveira Icleia , Rosa Lucas da , Rech Sandra Regina , Vandresen Monique
Published: October 2020

Este artigo verifica quais os impactos dos efeitos colaterais do tratamento do câncer de mama em relação à autoimagem da mulher. Utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, completada com pesquisa de campo, tendo como amostra três mulheres portadoras de câncer de mama. Após a análise dos dados foi possível verificar que ocorre impactos na autoimagem da mulher, principalmente quando os efeitos colaterais dos tratamentos começam a serem sentidos.
Épiphanie du visage et transascendance de l’oeuvre : d’Emmanuel Levinas à Marc Quaghebeur
Authors: Cristea Carmen
Published: October 2020

Les Carmes du Saulchoir est un livre rare, fruit de la collaboration entre le poète et critique littéraire Marc Quaghebeur et le photographe Marc Trivier. Il retrace un parcours initiatique marqué par la rencontre-épiphanie des visages, en l’occurrence ceux des artistes, peintres et écrivains, qui ont marqué sa trajectoire. Le texte sonde le lien qui se tisse entre l’artiste, le monde et l’Histoire et met en évidence la transfiguration inhérente à l’acte de création ainsi que sa portée éminemment éthique.
Result of coiling versus clipping of unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms treated by a hybrid vascular neurosurgeon
Authors: Moon Ji Soo , Choi Chang Hwa , Lee Tae Hong , Ko Jun Kyeung
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study will evaluate the outcomes of coiling versus clipping of unruptured anterior communicating artery (A-com) aneurysms treated by a hybrid vascular neurosurgeon to suggest the best protocol of management for these conditions.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 70 patients with an unruptured A-com aneurysm treated with coiling or clipping performed by a hybrid vascular neurosurgeon between March 2012 and December 2019. The patients were dichotomized, into the coil group or clip group. Treatment-related complications, clinical and radiological results were evaluated.Results: Of the 70 patients identified, 37 underwent coiling and 33 clipping. Procedure-related symptomatic complications occurred in 2 patients (5.4%) in the coil group and 3 patients (9.1%) in the clip group. Poor clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] of 3 to 6) at 6 months of follow-up was seen in only one patient (2.7%) for the coil group, and none for the clip group. The one poor outcome was the result of intra-procedural rupture during coiling. Follow-up conventional angiography data (mean duration, 15.0 months) revealed that the major recanalization rate is 5.6% for the coil group and 10.0% for the clip group.Conclusions: Management of A-com aneurysms requires more collaboration between microsurgical clipping and endovascular therapy. Evaluation of patient and aneurysm characteristics by considering the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques could provide an optimal treatment modality. A hybrid vascular neurosurgeon is expected to be a proper solution for the management of these conditions.
Caenorhabditis elegans methionine/S-adenosylmethionine cycle activity is sensed and adjusted by a nuclear hormone receptor
Authors: Giese Gabrielle E , Walker Melissa D , Ponomarova Olga , Zhang Hefei , Li Xuhang , Minevich Gregory , Walhout Albertha JM
Published: October 2020

Vitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient that functions in two metabolic pathways: the canonical propionate breakdown pathway and the methionine/S-adenosylmethionine (Met/SAM) cycle. InCaenorhabditis elegans,low vitamin B12, or genetic perturbation of the canonical propionate breakdown pathway results in propionate accumulation and the transcriptional activation of a propionate shunt pathway. This propionate-dependent mechanism requiresnhr-10and is referred to as ‘B12-mechanism-I’. Here, we report that vitamin B12 represses the expression of Met/SAM cycle genes by a propionate-independent mechanism we refer to as ‘B12-mechanism-II’. This mechanism is activated by perturbations in the Met/SAM cycle, genetically or due to low dietary vitamin B12. B12-mechanism-II requiresnhr-114to activate Met/SAM cycle gene expression, the vitamin B12 transporter,pmp-5, and adjust influx and efflux of the cycle by activatingmsra-1and repressingcbs-1, respectively. Taken together, Met/SAM cycle activity is sensed and transcriptionally adjusted to be in a tight metabolic regime.
Optogenetic inhibition-mediated activity-dependent modification of CA1 pyramidal-interneuron connections during behavior
Authors: Gridchyn Igor , Schoenenberger Philipp , O'Neill Joseph , Csicsvari Jozsef
Published: October 2020

In vitro work revealed that excitatory synaptic inputs to hippocampal inhibitory interneurons could undergo Hebbian, associative, or non-associative plasticity. Both behavioral and learning-dependent reorganization of these connections has also been demonstrated by measuring spike transmission probabilities in pyramidal cell-interneuron spike cross-correlations that indicate monosynaptic connections. Here we investigated the activity-dependent modification of these connections during exploratory behavior in rats by optogenetically inhibiting pyramidal cell and interneuron subpopulations. Light application and associated firing alteration of pyramidal and interneuron populations led to lasting changes in pyramidal-interneuron connection weights as indicated by spike transmission changes. Spike transmission alterations were predicted by the light-mediated changes in the number of pre- and postsynaptic spike pairing events and by firing rate changes of interneurons but not pyramidal cells. This work demonstrates the presence of activity-dependent associative and non-associative reorganization of pyramidal-interneuron connections triggered by the optogenetic modification of the firing rate and spike synchrony of cells.
The British Library’s Scholarly Communications Toolkit
Authors: Walker Dominic
Published: October 2020

As a national library, the British Library aims to deliver valuable services to both individual researchers and other research institutions, including those recognised by UK Research and Innovation as ‘Independent Research Organisations’. The British Library’s Scholarly Communications Toolkit is a series of ‘quick start’ guides to important elements of scholarly communications, including open access, research data management, publishing, research impact, and copyright. While addressing internal needs, they have been developed to also meet the needs of external organisations that may not have in-house support for scholarly communications. Being openly licensed and published in multiple formats, they are easily adapted to different contexts of use. This poster outlines the British Library’s approach to supporting scholarly communications both internally and externally, and introduces the series of leaflets which will be publicly available by the date of the 2020 Munin Conference on Scholarly Publishing.
Mapping the OA Diamond landscape worldwide. What do we know so far?
Authors: Proudman Vanessa
Published: October 2020

The open access publishing offering has grown significantly over the last two decades with DOAJ alone currently indexing over 15,000 open access journals. Apart from APC-based OA, a fertile and diverse landscape of open access journals and platforms exists in the form of Diamond OA. Diamond OA is the publishing model where research is both free for authors to publish and free for readers to access.

This presentation will describe the results of an ongoing research study: The Diamond Open Access Study commissioned by cOAlition S. This research study aims to acquire a deeper understanding of the landscape of OA Diamond journals and platforms. Its goal is also to gain insights that will help cOAlition S and other stakeholders develop effective policies and funding mechanisms that more strategically support Diamond Open Access.

For the Munin Conference, we aim to present the preliminary results of the survey part of the study. As at end August, more than 1,700 Diamond OA journals have responded to the survey which was launched in early July 2020. The survey focuses on journals in DOAJ and on those not yet included.

The session will address the following: What are the motivations for OA Diamond? How mature are OA Diamond journals, where are they based, what languages and what disciplines do they serve? What journal services are provided? How do journals manage copyright and licensing? What editorial quality assurance practices exist? And how do these characteristics differ between journals from different regions, languages and disciplines?Who owns them? How are they funded by whom and using which type of mechanism? What revenue streams exist? How might funders support the financial sustainability of the journal or platform?
Putting Crossref Metadata into Context
Authors: Fairhurst Vanessa
Published: October 2020

At Crossref, we see a future where society benefits from an open scholarly infrastructure in which all research is connected and preserved. This will enable researchers to build upon knowledge, ensure greater discoverability and dissemination of research, and aid decision-making for funders, with better evaluation and tracking of research impact. This short talk aims to deepen the understanding of the power of good metadata, by explaining how it can be harnessed to improve discoverability of content, and how it is used in the creation of collaborative tools and initiatives for the research community.

Persistent identifiers (PIDs) enable clear disambiguation and persistent links to be made between researchers, their affiliations, funding and contributions. However, membership at Crossref is not just about creating identifiers for content. It is about placing that content into context and a DOI is simply one small, but important, piece of the puzzle.  Crossref works in collaboration with individuals and organizations to collect extensive metadata, both bibliographic and non-bibliographic. The breadth of the metadata Crossref supports is capable of expanding over time to respond to community needs e.g. incorporating CRediT for contributor roles. It’s also key that the metadata is made openly available; comprehensive, open metadata guarantees interoperability across borders, disciplines, research outputs and organizations. It is also essential for building scalability and improving efficiency via collaborative initiatives such as the Research Organizations Registry (ROR), ORCID auto-update, and the new DataCite Commons. 

Crossref has minimal requirements in order to support a variety of publication practises and the schema can support a diverse range of content types and associated metadata. All of the metadata received is standardized and machine readable; the more complete this metadata is, the more likely content can be discovered and disseminated.  Whenever you submit metadata to Crossref, DataCite, DOAJ or other organizations, the metadata you deposit should be accurate, complete and up to date. Accuracy is important as misspelled author names, incorrect dates, missing license information or bad URLs, undermine the usefulness of shared services, as well as being a pain for readers and authors. 

There remains a lack of knowledge about the value and importance of quality metadata. Machine-readable metadata and identifiers underpin both Crossref tools and services, and those developed by the wider community.  I’ll detail examples of the applications of scholarly metadata to make this case, show how publishers can see the metadata they’re registering and suggest some quick fixes to getting more from your Crossref metadata.
Academic Librarians, Open Access, and The Ethics of Care
Authors: Bradley Cara
Published: October 2020

This presentation explores the value of applying the ethics of care to the scholarly communications work undertaken by open access/scholarly communications librarians. The ethics of care is a feminist philosophical perspective that sees in the personal a new way to approach other facets of life, including the political and the professional. Care, in this context, is broadly construed as “a species of activity that includes everything we do to maintain, contain, and repair our ‘world’ so that we can live in it as well as possible” (Fischer & Tronto, 1991, 40). Joan Tronto later went on to outline four elements of care: attentiveness, responsibility, competence, and responsiveness, and highlighted the value of care beyond the domestic sphere (1993).

The ethics of care values care and relationships as instructive ways of framing and examining work, and has been applied in diverse disciplines, including education, nursing, social work, and even business. Several LIS and associated professionals have considered the ethics of care in the context of library technologies (Henry, 2016), and digital humanities (Dohe, 2019), among others. Most relevant to this presentation is the Radical Open Access Collective which, on its website, describes itself as “a community of scholar-led, not-for-profit presses, journals and other open access projects” who work to return publishing to scholars and take “back control over the means of production in order to rethink what publishing is and what it can be.” The Radical OA Collective’s inclusion of the ethics of care in their philosophy is inspirational, helping them to enact OA publishing as “a complex, multi-agential, relational practice” that shifts the focus from the neoliberal emphasis on outputs in an effort to build relationships and demonstrate care, for both individuals and communities (Deville, Moore & Nadim, 2018).

After an introduction to the ethics of care, this presentation will explore the inspiration that open access and/or scholarly communications librarians might take from this perspective. What could scholarly communications librarianship learn from the ethics of care? How might our practice change or evolve with the ethics of care as an underpinning philosophy? Who do we include in our circle of care while we undertake our work? Are there other ways we can “care” or, as Fisher & Tronto propose, “maintain, contain and repair our ‘world’ so that we can live in it as well as possible”? The ethics of care provides a new way to think about our work.
Open Polar: a discovery service covering the global output of openly accessible polar research data and publications
Authors: Abu-Alam Tamer S. , Aspaas Per Pippin , Longva Leif Longva , Nilsen Karl Magnus , Odu Obiajulu
Published: October 2020

Data from the Polar Regions are of critical importance to modern polar research. Regardless of their disciplinary and institutional affiliations, researchers rely heavily on the comparison of existing data with new data sets to assess changes that are taking effect. However, in a recent survey of 113 major polar data providers, we found that an estimated 60% of the existing polar research data is unfindable through common search engines and can only be accessed through institutional webpages. Moreover, a study by Johnson et al. (2019) showed that in social science and indigenous knowledge, the findability gap is around 84%. This results in an awareness of the need of the scientific community to harvest different metadata related to the Polar Regions and collect these in a homogenous, seamless database and making this database available to researchers, students and the public through one search platform.This contribution describes the progress in an ongoing project, Open Polar (https://site.uit.no/open-polar/) started in 2019 at UiT The Arctic University of Norway. The project aims to collect metadata about all the open-access scholarly data and documents related to the Polar Regions in a homogenous and seamless database. The suggested service will include three parts: 1) harvesting metadata; 2) enriching and filtrating of the harvested metadata relevant to Polar Regions; and 3) making the collected records available and searchable to the end-users through an interactive user interface. The service will help to make the polar related research data and documents more visible and searchable to the end-users and thereby reducing the findability gap.
How to fill the information gap: Open Access for the social sciences and humanities
Authors: Ernst Elisabeth , Schulte Judith
Published: October 2020

Researchers not actively seeking information about Open Access and scholars who are not actively informed by their institutions might be concerned about publishing Open Access due to lack of information. Questions such as “Why is Open Access necessary and what do I gain?”, “What happens to my rights as an author?”, and “Why was I not told about this discount before I paid the full APC from my project fund?” might come up. This workshop is directed at representatives of research organizations and universities (e.g. Open Access offices, project coordinators, and interested researchers) on the topic of helping researchers finding answers to these questions and advocating for Open Access in the humanities and social sciences. The workshop seeks to discuss aspects that have been identified by participants priorly as most pressing to discuss. We therefore invite all registered participants to fill in a short survey by 12 October 2020.

For any questions, please don’t hesitate contacting Elisabeth Ernst and Judith Schulte (communication@operas-eu.org)

OPERAS is the European Research Infrastructure for open scholarly communication in the social sciences and humanities. Its Special Interest Group on “Advocacy” works on topics related to the communication and advocating of Open Access in the social sciences and humanities and of those disciplines.
Description of a new member of the familyErysipelotrichaceae:Dakotella fusiformegen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from healthy human feces
Authors: Ghimire Sudeep , Wongkuna Supapit , Scaria Joy
Published: October 2020

A Gram-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped facultative anaerobic bacterial strain SG502Twas isolated from healthy human fecal samples in Brookings, SD, USA. The comparison of the 16S rRNA gene placed the strain within the familyErysipelotrichaceae. Within this family,Clostridium innocuumATCC 14501T,Longicatena caecimurisstrain PG-426-CC-2,Eubacterium dolichumDSM 3991TandE. tortuosumDSM 3987T(=ATCC 25548T) were its closest taxa with 95.28%, 94.17%, 93.25%, and 92.75% 16S rRNA sequence identities respectively. The strain SG502Tplaced itself close toC. innocuumin the 16S rRNA phylogeny. The members of genusClostridiumwithin familyErysipelotrichaceaewas proposed to be reassigned to genusErysipelatoclostridiumto resolve the misclassification of genusClostridium. Therefore,C. innocuumwas also classified into this genus temporarily with the need to reclassify it in the future because of its difference in genomic properties. Similarly, genome sequencing of the strain and comparison with its 16S phylogenetic members and proposed members of the genusErysipelatoclostridium, SG502Twarranted a separate genus even though its 16S rRNA similarity was >95% when comapred toC. innocuum. The strain was 71.8% similar at ANI, 19.8% [17.4–22.2%] at dDDH and 69.65% similar at AAI to its closest neighborC. innocuum. The genome size was nearly 2,683,792 bp with 32.88 mol% G+C content, which is about half the size ofC. innocuumgenome and the G+C content revealed 10 mol% difference. Phenotypically, the optimal growth temperature and pH for the strain SG502Twere 37 °C and 7.0 respectively. Acetate was the major short-chain fatty acid product of the strain when grown in BHI-M medium. The major cellular fatty acids produced were C18:1ω9c, C18:0and C16:0. Thus, based on the polyphasic analysis, for the type strain SG502T(=DSM 107282T= CCOS 1889T), the nameDakotella fusiformegen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed.
Comparison of pediatric scoring systems for mortality in septic patients and the impact of missing information on their predictive power: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Niederwanger Christian , Varga Thomas , Hell Tobias , Stuerzel Daniel , Prem Jennifer , Gassner Magdalena , Rickmann Franziska , Schoner Christina , Hainz Daniela , Cortina Gerard , Hetzer Benjamin , Treml Benedikt , Bachler Mirjam
Published: October 2020

Background

Scores can assess the severity and course of disease and predict outcome in an objective manner. This information is needed for proper risk assessment and stratification. Furthermore, scoring systems support optimal patient care, resource management and are gaining in importance in terms of artificial intelligence.

Objective

This study evaluated and compared the prognostic ability of various common pediatric scoring systems (PRISM, PRISM III, PRISM IV, PIM, PIM2, PIM3, PELOD, PELOD 2) in order to determine which is the most applicable score for pediatric sepsis patients in terms of timing of disease survey and insensitivity to missing data.

Methods

We retrospectively examined data from 398 patients under 18 years of age, who were diagnosed with sepsis. Scores were assessed at ICU admission and re-evaluated on the day of peak C-reactive protein. The scores were compared for their ability to predict mortality in this specific patient population and for their impairment due to missing data.

Results

PIM (AUC 0.76 (0.68–0.76)), PIM2 (AUC 0.78 (0.72–0.78)) and PIM3 (AUC 0.76 (0.68–0.76)) scores together with PRSIM III (AUC 0.75 (0.68–0.75)) and PELOD 2 (AUC 0.75 (0.66–0.75)) are the most suitable scores for determining patient prognosis at ICU admission. Once sepsis is pronounced, PELOD 2 (AUC 0.84 (0.77–0.91)) and PRISM IV (AUC 0.8 (0.72–0.88)) become significantly better in their performance and count among the best prognostic scores for use at this time together with PRISM III (AUC 0.81 (0.73–0.89)). PELOD 2 is good for monitoring and, like the PIM scores, is also largely insensitive to missing values.

Conclusion

Overall, PIM scores show comparatively good performance, are stable as far as timing of the disease survey is concerned, and they are also relatively stable in terms of missing parameters. PELOD 2 is best suitable for monitoring clinical course.
Spirituality and Women Business Leaders: Evidence from Small & Medium Entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka
Authors: Madusha M. G. H. , Madhuwanthi L. A. Pavithra
Published: October 2020

Purpose: This study is to explore spiritual values and practices among the women business leaders in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Sri Lanka.

Methodology: A qualitative study based on snowball sample of ten women business leaders in SME sector. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection and thematic analysis was used to data analysis.

Findings: The study found ten common spiritual values (integrity, trust, endurance, forgiveness, sympathy, altruism, humility, gratitude, hope and sympathetic joy) and seven spiritual practices (care and concern on others, respecting ideas of others, open communication, listening responsively, appreciating others, self-awareness and understanding others and protecting of five precepts in Buddhist teachings) among the women business leaders in SMEs in Sri Lanka. As notable contextual findings, it was found that the spiritual value of sympathetic joy and practice of protecting of five precepts which are Buddhist teachings.

Research Implications: Findings implied that growing spiritual values among women leaders and practicing them contributes merits in terms enhanced support and loyalty towards the organization.

Research Limitations and Future Research Suggestions: There are limitations pertaining to the small sample size. Further researches can be done in spirituality among the male business leadership in SMEs.
Study of Local Construction and Technique: Adequacy of an Existing Nubian Vaulted Building with the "Bioclimatic" Concept Including the Performance of Its Envelope in Sahelian Climate of Ouagadougou
Authors: Zoma Fati , Toguyeni David Y. K. , Kiemtoré Barkwendé Jude , Ouedraogo Emmanuel
Published: October 2020

This study permitted to evaluate the adequacy of an existing Nubian vaulted building with the "bioclimatic" concept including the performance of its envelope. In that purpose, we needed to analyze its architectural concept and to measure parameters such as the temperature of the internal and external surfaces of all the façades (walls, roof and floor) of the study building. The measurement campaign took place over three (03) days in the month of January 2018 with a one-hour step for temperatures. Out of eleven (11) bioclimatic principles identified, six (06) were respected in the design of the building. In addition, we obtained thermal amplitudes of the interior surfaces lower than 1.5°C for the walls and 5°C for the roof, a decrement factor lower than 12% for the walls and 17% for the roof and a thermal time lag of 6 to 8 hours on in average for the walls and 4 to 6 hours in average for the roof. Finally, after evaluation of the thermal loads, with the Nubian vault building a reduction of a bit more than one third (1/3) of the thermal loads is achieved comparatively to a building of the same size made of cinder blocks for the walls and aluminum roofing sheet. However, this comfort offered by the Nubian vault can be improved with more bioclimatic provisions which we have recommended.
Role of Diabetes Mellitus on Adverse Drug Reaction to Anti-tuberculosis Drugs
Authors: Aweis Daud M. Ishaq , Suleiman Syed Azhar Syed
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading cause of death among infectious diseases. The dual burden of TB and diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major economic and health concern. Anti-TB therapy may predispose patients to develop adverse drug reaction (ADR). The effect of DM on anti-TB ADR requires more studies.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study and followed patients for at least two  years. Patients were selected from three Malaysian teaching hospitals. TB patients, and diabetic patients with TB were divided into two groups of 200 subjects each. Data were obtained from patients’ medical files at the beginning and end of the study  period. Prevalence of serious adverse drug reaction (ADR) requiring dose adjustment was assessed.

Results: ADR in our subjects was documented in the medical records and confirmed by a system known as Challenge. The prevalence rates of ADR amongst DM-TB and TB only patients were 16.5% and 14.8%, respectively, but the difference was not significant (Fisher E.T: P > 0.05). ADR was more frequent with streptomycin treatment, partially because of its painful administration. Isoniazid treatment showed the least frequency of ADR.

Conclusion: Although the frequency of ADR was high among DM-TB patients, it was not significantly different to that among TB only patients.
Knowledge and Source of Information of COVID-19 among Students of Health Informatics, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Akhtar Sohail , Alharbi Ali H. , Jamal Qazi Mohammad Sajid , Nair Kesavan S.
Published: October 2020

Background: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has undertaken strong measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Several steps were taken to communicate with the public on how the virus spreads and various precautionary measures to be taken to prevent the disease. The knowledge and perception regarding COVID-19 influence the design and implementation of preventive measures and campaigns to control the spread of the virus.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge and perceptions of students at a health informatics program about COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This descriptive study utilized a web-based survey about COVID-19 pandemic was distributed to 320 students (222 females and 98 males) at the Bachelor in Health Informatics Program, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia the first week of April 2020. The survey instrument was developed and distributed to all students in the program using social media platforms. The survey required 10 minutes to complete.

Results: The study revealed that only 20% of respondents had adequate knowledge about the signs and symptoms of COVID-19, with 22.5% had knowledge about the right modes of transmission of the virus. However, 55.6% of them had adequate knowledge of ways of protection against COVID-19. The study findings reveal that a significant knowledge gap exists among health informatics students about COVID-19 regardless of the amount of available information about the pandemic. Social media was the major source of information to a majority (79%) of respondents.

Conclusion: As COVID-19 continues to devastate the healthcare systems and creates a huge threat to human wellbeing, it is paramount to improve the knowledge and perceptions of university students in Saudi Arabia. An appropriate health promotion platform is recommended to reach all students in the country.
Characteristics of Highly Area‐Mismatched Graphene‐to‐Substrate Transfers and the Predictability of Wrinkle Formation in Graphene for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Wimalananda Maddumage Don Sandeepa Lakshad , Kim Jae‐Kwan , Lee Ji‐Myon
Published: October 2020

The indirect‐transfer process is the primary technique used to fabricate graphene electrodes on an arbitrary substrate. The area mismatch between the initial graphene‐Cu substrate and the transfer substrate causes irregularities in the transferred graphene film; wrinkles are one of the primary results. In this paper, it is found that nanoscale surface roughness (wavelength below 500 nm) in the graphene‐Cu 3D substrate (with up to a 4 µm cavity) results in amplified wrinkles (amplitude over 24.4 nm) or newly generated wrinkles (low‐amplitude corrugations) that depend on the corrugation amplitude. Further, a deep‐cavity graphene‐Cu structure (≈20 µm) causes predictable formation of wrinkles in terms of direction and position. The direction of the wrinkle is decided by the true area difference, which creates a strain difference in two perpendicular directions. For unidirectional wrinkles, the position is decided by the strain‐gradient difference. The understanding of highly area‐mismatched transfers facilitates the fabrication of predictable well‐defined wrinkles on an arbitrary substrate. Wrinkled graphene shows better electrical properties (≈1 kΩ between contacts) under strained conditions than regular graphene film.
Catenary Functions Meet Electromagnetic Waves: Opportunities and Promises
Authors: Luo Xiangang , Pu Mingbo , Guo Yinghui , Li Xiong , Zhang Fei , Ma Xiaoliang
Published: October 2020

Catenary functions play pivotal roles in describing the electromagnetic vectors, intensity distribution, and dispersion of structured light on the subwavelength scale. In this article, the history, basic theories, functional devices, and applications of catenary functions in optics and electromagnetics are reviewed. First, the catenary fields generated by the coupling of evanescent waves are discussed, together with their applications in flat optics, super‐resolution imaging, and lithography. Second, the relation between catenary optical fields and catenary dispersion is interpreted using static approximation, which provides a general guideline for realizing the quick design of functional metasurfaces, such as broadband electromagnetic absorbers and flat antennas. Third, the streamlines of vectorial optical fields are described using logarithmic cosine catenary functions. Catenary shaped quasicontinuous structures, which can be used to form functional metasurfaces, and their applications in spin optics are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and promising research directions of catenary optics and catenary electromagnetics are outlined.
Computationally Efficient Implicit ADI Theory and Its Open Region Problems for Anisotropic Gyrotropic Plasma Simulations
Authors: Wu Peiyu , Xie Yongjun , Jiang Haolin , Natsuki Toshiaki
Published: October 2020

With its unique anisotropic characteristic, gyrotropic plasma is extensively employed in a series of applications. As it is hard to obtain the electric behavior of anisotropic gyrotropic plasma directly, numerical simulation is regarded as one of the most important ways on the investigation. Based upon higher order formulation and an alternating‐direction‐implicit (ADI) procedure, the unconditionally stable ADI perfectly matched layer (PML) is proposed in finite‐difference time‐domain lattice to solving the open region problems for anisotropic gyrotropic plasma. To decouple the updated equations in the gyrotropic plasma regions, approximate decoupling theory is introduced during the implementations. The proposed implementation takes advantages of the higher order formulation, ADI procedure, approximate decoupling theory, and PML implementation in terms of considerable absorption, efficiency, and accuracy in open region problems. Numerical examples are carried out for the demonstration of effectiveness both in theory and experimentally. Through the results, it can be concluded that the proposed implementation is effective and accurate for terminating anisotropic gyrotropic plasma in open region problems when time step surpasses far beyond the Courant–Friedrich–Levy condition.
β‐CsCu5Se3: A Promising Thermoelectric Material going beyond Photovoltaic Application
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Shen Yupeng , Li Xiaoyin , Sun Jie , Wang Qian
Published: October 2020

Copper chalcogenides have attracted much attention in recent years because of their promising applications in thermoelectric conversion. However, many of them suffer from phase transformation at low temperature. Motivated by the synthesis of bulk β‐CsCu5Se3 with high phase transformation temperature of 923 K for photovoltaic applications, its thermoelectric properties using first‐principles calculations combined with Boltzmann transport theory are systematically studied. The results show that β‐CsCu5Se3 possesses ultralow lattice thermal conductivities of 0.24, 0.41, and 0.25 W mK−1 along the x, y, and z directions at room temperature, respectively, which are further reduced to 0.09, 0.15, and 0.09 W mK−1 at 800 K. A detailed analysis of its group velocity, three phonon scattering rate, Grüneisen parameter and three phonon phase space reveals that the weak harmonicity and strong phonon anharmonic scattering are responsible for the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, leading to a high figure of merit (ZT) value of 1.81 along the y direction at 800 K, which is three times higher than that of known thermoelectric materials o‐CsCu5S3 (0.46 at 800 K) and t‐CsCu5S3 (0.56 at 875 K). This study suggests that β‐CsCu5Se3 is a multifunctional material promising for both photovoltaic and thermoelectric applications.
Lone males: Solitary and group‐living male howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) behavioral ecology in a Costa Rican rainforest
Authors: Bolt Laura M. , Cavanaugh Maeve N. , Schreier Amy L.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Many group‐living primate species have evolved the capacity for some individuals to live alone for part of their lives, but this solitary life stage has rarely been the subject of focused research. The mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) is a social primate species with bisexual dispersal that lives in mixed‐sex groups with low male‐to‐female sex ratios. Consequently, males often spend a long period of their lives as solitary individuals. This study compares the tree use, feeding, and long‐distance vocalization behavior of solitary and group‐living mantled howler monkey males living within a fragmented rainforest in Costa Rica, La Suerte Biological Research Station. Based on differences in competitive ability between solitary and group‐living males, we predicted that lone males would be found in significantly smaller feeding and resting trees, consume more low‐quality foods, and produce shorter howling bouts made at lower rates than group‐living males.

Materials and methods

We collected data on tree use and feeding during 30‐min focal samples on male focal animals, recording data at 2‐min intervals. We measured the trees in which the monkeys fed and rested for two or more intervals, and recorded the plant parts consumed. We recorded howling behavior using all‐occurrences sampling.

Results

Lone males used significantly smaller feeding and resting trees, consumed more low‐quality foods, and howled at lower rates but had longer howling bouts triggered by anthropogenic noise more than group‐living males.

Discussion

Our results demonstrate that lone males differ in their behavioral ecology compared to group‐living males, thus improving understanding of the solitary male life stage in primates.
Perspectives on paralytic ileus
Authors: Weledji Elroy Patrick
Published: October 2020

Paralytic ileus is the condition where the motor activity of the bowel is impaired, usually not associated with a mechanical cause. Although the condition may be self‐limiting, it is serious and if prolonged and untreated will result in death in much the same way as in acute mechanical obstruction. Management of paralytic ileus depends on the knowledge of the most likely cause and the perceived chance of resolution without operation. Postoperative ileus is the single largest factor influencing length of hospital stay after bowel resection, and has great implications for patients and resource utilization. Early diagnosis and correct management is essential in reducing complications. This article briefly outlined the plausible pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications of paralytic ileus.
Enhanced electrical conductivity and structural, mechanical characterization of standalone poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graphite nanoplatelets composite films
Authors: Janeesh G. M. , Meera V. , Shalom A. M. , Rajan Babu D. , Nambi Raj N. Arunai , Sreekanth M. S. , Siva V. Samba , Sumangala T. P.
Published: October 2020

Polymer based nanocomposites are gaining attention in various fields of science and technology due to its tunable properties. In this work, we report for the first time, the preparation and study on electrical and mechanical properties of standalone poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) based graphite nanoplatelet (GnP) composite films using modified film casting technique. Our modified tape casting method can produce films with uniform thickness, and uniform dispersion of filler deprived of pinholes. This technique is scalable for the mass production of polymer composite films for device application. We have obtained a significant enhancement in the electrical conductivity of 9 orders of magnitude and a maximum value of 0.143 S/m using PVA–GnP composites. To the best of our knowledge, this increase is the highest among the reported values for PVA–GnP composite films. However, a reduction in crystallinity and tensile strength can be seen with the addition of GnP fillers. The maximum tensile strength obtained for PVA–GnP composite films was 15 MPa and is adequate for use in electronic applications and devices. The effect of filler addition in PVA is discussed in detail.
Fixed‐time outer synchronization under double‐layered multiplex networks with hybrid links and time‐varying delays via delayed feedback control
Authors: Tan Fei , Zhou Lili , Lu Junwei , Chu Yuming , Li Yongmin
Published: October 2020

The units of networks, composed of systems, may converge to the same behavior in a fixed settling time, known as fixed‐time synchronization. In this paper, the problem of fixed‐time outer synchronization of double‐layered multiplex networks is studied. To synchronize the networks, delayed feedback controllers are designed. To guarantee the fixed‐time synchronization, some sufficient criteria are derived. The controllers and sufficient criteria can be applied to undirected and directed networks. The fixed settling time is related to controllers, the number of nodes for networks, and the dimension of node. Some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
Reuse treatment with ozonation, biofiltration, and activated carbon adsorption for total organic carbon control and disinfection byproduct regulation compliance
Authors: Summers R. Scott , Shiokari Steven Takeo , Johnson Sierra , Peterson Eric , Yu Yun , Cook Sherri
Published: October 2020

The widespread and successful use of coagulation, ozonation, biofiltration, and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption for the treatment of impaired drinking water sources makes them attractive as an economical approach for direct potable reuse. This study systematically evaluated these processes for the treatment of four secondary wastewater effluents with the objective of meeting U.S. drinking water disinfection byproduct (DBP) regulations and developing treatment objectives. Total trihalomethane (TTHM) and the sum of five haloacetic acids (HAA5) targets of 60 and 50 μg/L, respectively, were developed under uniform formation conditions and were related to a target total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of 2 mg/L. Ozonation, followed by biofiltration, was effective in decreasing HAA5 formation to below the target levels, but GAC treatment was needed to meet the target TTHM and TOC levels. Optimizing the TOC removal before GAC treatment extended the GAC run times similarily to those found in drinking water treatment. Drinking water–based DBP formation algorithms were very effective in predicting TTHM and HAA5 formation.
Recruitment and retention of participants in UK surgical trials: survey of key issues reported by trial staff
Authors: Crocker J C , Farrar N , Cook J A , Treweek S , Woolfall K , Chant A , Bostock J , Locock L , Rees S , Olszowski S , Bulbulia R
Published: October 2020

Background

Recruitment and retention of participants in surgical trials is challenging. Knowledge of the most common and problematic issues will aid future trial design. This study aimed to identify trial staff perspectives on the main issues affecting participant recruitment and retention in UK surgical trials.

Methods

An online survey of UK surgical trial staff was performed. Respondents were asked whether or not they had experienced a range of recruitment and retention issues, and, if yes, how relatively problematic these were (no, mild, moderate or serious problem).

Results

The survey was completed by 155 respondents including 60 trial managers, 53 research nurses, 20 trial methodologists and 19 chief investigators. The three most common recruitment issues were: patients preferring one treatment over another (81·5 per cent of respondents); clinicians' time constraints (78·1 per cent); and clinicians preferring one treatment over another (76·8 per cent). Seven recruitment issues were rated moderate or serious problems by a majority of respondents, the most problematic being a lack of eligible patients (60·3 per cent). The three most common retention issues were: participants forgetting to return questionnaires (81·4 per cent); participants found to be ineligible for the trial (74·3 per cent); and long follow-up period (70·7 per cent). The most problematic retention issues, rated moderate or serious by the majority of respondents, were participants forgetting to return questionnaires (56·4 per cent) and insufficient research nurse time/funding (53·6 per cent).

Conclusion

The survey identified a variety of common recruitment and retention issues, several of which were rated moderate or serious problems by the majority of participating UK surgical trial staff. Mitigation of these problems may help boost recruitment and retention in surgical trials.
Outcome selection, measurement and reporting for new surgical procedures and devices: a systematic review of IDEAL/IDEAL-D studies to inform development of a core outcome set
Authors: Macefield R C , Wilson N , Hoffmann C , Blazeby J M , McNair A G K , Avery K N L , Potter S
Published: October 2020

Background

Outcome selection, measurement and reporting for the evaluation of new surgical procedures and devices is inconsistent and lacks standardization. A core outcome set may promote the safe and transparent evaluation of surgical innovations. This systematic review examined outcome selection, measurement and reporting in studies conducted within the IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long-term monitoring) framework to examine current practice and inform the development of a core outcome set for early-phase studies of surgical procedures/devices.

Methods

Web of Science and Scopus citation searches were performed to identify author-reported IDEAL/IDEAL-D studies for any surgical procedure/device. Outcomes were extracted verbatim, including contextual information regarding outcome selection and measurement. Outcomes were categorized to inform a conceptual framework of outcome domains relevant to evaluating innovation.

Results

Some 48 studies were identified. Outcome selection, measurement and reporting varied widely across studies in different IDEAL stages. From 1737 outcomes extracted, 22 domains specific to evaluating innovation were conceptualized under seven broad categories: procedure completion success/failure; modifications; unanticipated events; surgeons' experiences; patients' experiences; resource use specific to the innovative procedure/device; and other innovation-specific outcomes. Most innovation-specific outcomes were measured and reported in only a small number of studies.

Conclusion

This review highlighted the need for guidance and standardization in outcome selection and reporting in the evaluation of new surgical procedures/devices. Novel outcome domains specific to innovation have been identified to establish a core outcome set for future evaluations of surgical innovations.
Determination of mold contamination using ergosterol imprinted particles
Authors: Oktay Başeğmez Hatice İmge , Baydemir Peşint Gözde , Nergiz Mustafa , Zenger Okan
Published: October 2020

Ergosterol is a key biochemical marker for fungal mycelial growth. In this study, molecularly ergosterol imprinted particles (Erg‐MIPs) were newly synthesized for the selective detection of ergosterol in mold samples. Erg‐MIPs were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, swelling studies, and surface area measurements. Maximum selective ergosterol adsorption achieved as 28.50 mg/g Erg‐MIP. Selectivity studies showed that Erg‐MIPs adsorbed Erg 2.01 and 3.27 times higher than that of cholesterol and stigmasterol, respectively. Erg adsorption from Aspergillus niger was found as 23.87 mg/g. Reusability of Erg‐MIPs was studied and decrease in Erg adsorption capacity of the particles was negligible (3%). Erg‐MIPs are good affinity materials for the selective Erg detection from food samples, prior to use in food industry.
Genomic, transcriptomic, and viral integration profiles associated with recurrent/metastatic progression in high‐risk human papillomavirus cervical carcinomas
Authors: Liu Jing Jing , Ho Jung Yoon , Lee Jung Eum , Hur Soo Young , Yoo Jinseon , Kim Kyu Ryung , Ryu Daeun , Kim Tae Min , Choi Youn Jin
Published: October 2020

Acquisition of recurrent/metastatic potential by a tumor cell defines a critical step in malignant progression. However, understanding of metastatic progression at the molecular level is scarce for cervical carcinomas (CES). In this study, we performed genomic, transcriptomic, and viral profiling of five pairs of primary (CES‐P) and matched recurrent/metastatic tumors (CES‐R/M) with high risk human papillomavirus. Whole exome sequencing revealed mutation features of CES‐R/M including elevated mutation burdens and prevalent copy number alterations compared to their matched CES‐P. A relative deficit of APOBEC‐related mutation signatures accompanying the transcriptional downregulation ofAPOBEC3Awas observed for CES‐R/M. Mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators were commonly observed as CES‐R/M‐specific alterations. Immunoprofiling and gene set analysis revealed CES‐Ps were enriched with transcripts representing activated anticancer immunity such as interferon‐gamma pathway, while CES‐R/M exhibited upregulation of genes involved in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. Viral capture sequencing revealed that integration sites remained enriched in viral E1 protein domain during malignant progression. Moreover, we found transcriptional upregulation ofPOSTNand downregulation ofAPOBEC3Awere associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in CES. Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling of a rare cohort including CES‐R/M identified metastases‐specific features to advance the molecular understanding into CES metastatic progression with potential clinical implications.