bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newroz from Kurdish and Persian Perspectives – A Comparative Study
Authors: Khalid Hewa Salam
Published: June 2020

The celebration of Newroz/Nowruz at the beginning of spring has a long history among Aryan ethnic groups such as Kurds, Persians, Afghans, Azaris, Tajiks, and Balochs. Newroz, as one of the most important festivals of the ancient Iranians, is a symbol of rebirth, freshness, freedom, and peace. Although its exact date of observance may vary from an ethnic group to another, it mainly occurs between 19th to 21st of March because of its linkage with the Spring Equinox. The festival has been listed among the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. This study analyzes Newroz according to Kurdish and Persian perspectives. The primary purpose is to investigate diverse cultural perceptions toward the ancient festival among these two nations, and the way they celebrate it. The qualitative research method is used, and semi-structured interviews have been conducted to explore significant differences and similarities between the two nations’ celebrations of Newroz. The participants of the study were selected using the judgmental sampling technique. Results indicate that there are numerous differences in celebrating Newroz. For the Kurds who are a stateless nation, besides its cultural background, Newroz is a symbol of resistance while for Persians it is a pure cultural festival. Even though it marks the beginning of the Kurdish and the Persian new year, their calendars, myths, the way they celebrate it, and their understanding for its origin are different.
ANLATININ TEMEL KAVRAMLARI VE SİNEMA
Authors: EVLİYAOĞLU Saliha
Published: June 2020

20. Yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, anlatının bir bilim dalı olarak ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte alan çalışmaları sistematik bir hal almış ve disiplinler arası bir nitelik kazanmıştır. Klasik ve klasik sonrası olarak iki döneme ayrılan çalışmalar ilk döneminde, anlatılar üzerinden yürüttüğü teorilerde “klasik anlatıbilim” diye adlandırılan “yapısalcı” yaklaşımı benimsemiştir. 60’lı yıllarda sosyal bilimlerde dile dönüşün bir parçası olarak başlayan bu yapısal-cı sistem, özellikle 70’li yılların sonlarından itibaren sadece dilbilimde değil tarih, psikoloji, ilahiyat, hukuk, sosyoloji, felsefe ve sinema gibi birçok disiplin tarafından da kullanılmış-tır. Sinema alanındaki anlatı çalışmalarında ise kurmaca anlatının kavram ve kuramları özellikle etkili olmuş ve bu çalışmalar, film dilinin görsel ve işitsel gramerini bir “sinema anlatısı” olarak inşa etmesine zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı anlatı kavramının köklerine inerek toplumsal değişimlerle şekillenen ana akım anlatı yapılarının oluşum süreçlerini araştırmak ve anlatı yapılarının dönemsel özelliklerinin “sinema anlatısına” yansımalarını incelemektir. Bu bağlamda anlatının tanımı ve kapsamı ana hatlarıyla çizilecek ve özellikle kurmaca anlatıya dair temel kavramlar tespit edilecektir. Aynı zamanda toplumsal yapı ve kültürdeki gelişmelerin anlatıyı şekillendirme süreçlerine odaklanan çalışma, bu gelişmelerin, anlatılarda kullanılan biçimsel stratejileri nasıl etkilediklerini araştıracaktır. Toplumsal gelişim evrelerinin anlatı formlarını yönlendirme biçimleri dönemler hâlinde kategorize edilecek ve ana akım eğilimler, öne çıkan yönetmen ve filmler üzerinden örneklendirilecektir.
AVRUPAMERKEZCİ YÖNETİM BİLİMİ PARADİGMASINI AŞ(INDIR)MAK: GAZÂLÎ VE DEFTERDAR SARI MEHMET PAŞA NASİHATNAMELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ
Authors: ÖZEK Sezen , TEMİZYÜREK Dilara
Published: June 2020

Sosyal teori açısından Avrupamerkezcilik (Eurocentrism); Avro-Amerika’ya (Batı) ait kavram, kuram ve paradigmaların “biricik” ve “evrensel” olduklarına ya da olmaları gerektiğine dayanan bir kavrayış biçimine işaret etmektedir. Bu yönde bir kavrayış, sosyal teorinin her alanında olduğu gibi yönetim çalışmalarında da varlığını göstermektedir. Yönetim bilimindeki Avrupamerkezci eğilimlerden bir çıkış yolunun arandığı bu çalışmada ideal yönetim ve ideal yönetici olgusu üzerinde duran Ebu Hamid Muhammed el-Gazâlî’nin Yöneticilere Altın Öğütler (11.yy) eseri ile Defterdar Sarı Mehmet Paşa’nın Devlet Adamlarına Öğütler (18.yy) eseri karşılaştırmalı bir metodoloji ekseninde incelenmektedir. Özellikle bu iki eserin seçilmesinin temel nedeni, Gazâlî’nin Türk-İslam yönetim paradigmasının kurucularından biri olması ve Defterdar Sarı Mehmet Paşa’nın ise Türk-İslam yönetim paradigmasının krize girdiği bir dönemin temsilcisi olmasıdır.
Bazı Batı ülkelerinde çocukluk çağı aşıları hakkındaki yakın dönemli yasal düzenlemeler
Authors: EPÖZTÜRK Kürşat , GÖRKEY Şefik , SERT Gürkan
Published: June 2020

Giriş: Aşılama
hem bireyi hem de toplumu bulaşıcı hastalıklardan koruma özelliği olan bir
tıbbi müdahaledir. Bulaşıcı hastalıkları ortadan kaldırmak için çeşitli
dönemlerde zorunlu aşılama uygulamaları yapılmış ve bununla ilişkili yasalar
oluşturulmuştur. Öte yandan, zorunlu aşılama uygulanmaya başladığı dönemden
itibaren toplumda tepkilere neden olmuştur. Aşıların uygulanmasının çocukluk
çağında zorunlu tutulup tutulmaması konusunda ülkeler arasında değişik
uygulamalar vardır. Amaç: Bu
çalışmanın amacı son yıllarda Batı ülkelerindeki aşı mevzuatı değişikliklerini
saptamak ve gönüllülük veya zorunluluk bağlamında hangi yöne evrildiğini
değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Batı
ülkelerinin yasaları çevrim içi kaynaklardan taranarak son beş yıl zarfındaki
ilgili değişiklikler saptandı ve konuyla ilgili literatür tarandı. Bulgular: Son beş
yıl içinde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin bazı eyaletleri, İtalya, Fransa,
Avustralya ve Almanya’da çocukluk çağı aşıları konusunda zorunluluk kapsamını
genişleten yasal mevzuat değişikliklerine gidildiği görüldü.

Sonuç:
Özgürlükçülüğün baskın olduğu Batı dünyasında genel olarak aşılamada gönüllülük
esasken, son yıllarda toplum sağlığı gerekçe gösterilerek çocukluk çağı
aşılarının çeşitli yollarla zorunlu tutulmasına yönelik bir eğilim vardır.
Ülkemizde de bu yönde gelişmeler olabilir.
Epitypification of Ceratocystis fimbriata
Authors: Marincowitz S. , Barnes I. , de Beer Z.W. , Wingfield M.J.
Published: June 2020

Ceratocystis accommodates many important pathogens of agricultural crops and woody plants. Ceratocystis fimbriata, the type species of the genus is based on a type that is unsuitable for a precise application and interpretation of the species. This is because no culture
or DNA data exist for the type specimen. The aim of this study was to select a reference specimen that can serve to stabilize the name of this important fungus. We selected a strain, CBS 114723, isolated from sweet potato in North Carolina, USA, in 1998 for this purpose. The strain was selected
based on the availability of a living culture in a public depository. A draft genome sequence is also available for this strain. Its morphological characteristics were studied and compared with the existing and unsuitable type specimen as well as with the original descriptions of C. fimbriata.
The selected strain fits the existing concept of the species fully and we have consequently designated it as an epitype to serve as a reference specimen for C. fimbriata.
Exploring excess of deaths in the context of covid pandemic in selected countries of Latin America
Authors: Lima Everton , Vilela Estevão , Peralta Andrés , Rocha Marília Gabriela , Queiroz Bernardo L , Gonzaga Marcos Roberto , Freire Flávio , Piscoya Mario
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDThe covid-19 pandemic has considerably affected the mortality numbers of many countries in the world, and Latin America is now the epicenter of the diseases. There is a great demand on analyzing the impact of this new disease in the amount of deaths, but available information of deaths by cause is still lacking in most of the countries in the region. OBJECTIVEWe aimed to measure the effects of the disease on mortality, using excess mortality, in two Latin America countries that were most affected by the covid-19 pandemic in the region: Brazil, Chile, Ecuador and Peru. METHODSWe measured the effects of the pandemic by looking at the excess mortality, and comparing estimates of differences in the average number of deaths, variation coefficients and percentages of deaths between the months of March to May for 2019 and 2020. RESULTSOur findings indicated an excess of deaths initially in major cities, but then is spreading towards the least urbanized areas. In the next phase, pandemic will probably affect countries’ cities in worse socioeconomic and sanitary conditions. In Ecuador, we saw that the most affected locations were the less socioeconomic areas of the country. CONCLUSIONDespite the lack of information on causes of death, the excess of deaths is a good indicator for measuring the effects of the coronavirus pandemic, especially in the context Latin America countries. We find strong evidence of the pandemic’s impact and interiorization, especially in Brazilian cases. CONTRIBUTIONThis study provides an initial discussion of the effects of pandemic in small and less urbanized areas of Brazil and Ecuador.
Connecting lignin gasification with syngas fermentation
Authors: Liakakou Eleni , Infantes Alba , Vreugdenhil Berend , Neumann Anke
Published: June 2020

The development of lignin derived energy products is one way to increase the value of biorefinery residues, which is the scope of the EU project AMBITION. Gasification of (lignin-rich) biorefinery residues, followed by product gas cleaning and anaerobic fermentation, offers a potential to produce higher added-value products such as biofuels and chemicals. MILENA indirect gasification allows complete fuel conversion and produces a high value gas composed of CO, H2 and CO2, as well as compounds such as CH4, C2-C4 gases, benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX). The separation of the most valuable components of the product gas is a good way to maximize the value from the feedstock via co-production schemes. The product gas, after appropriate cleaning to remove impurities that can reduce the fermentability of syngas, can be applied in the gas fermentation process. Some anaerobic microorganisms, known as acetogens, can be used as a biocatalyst for the conversion of syngas into short-chain organic acids and alcohols, like acetate, ethanol, butanol, butan-2,3-diol and butyric acid. The ability of these microorganisms to withstand some of the impurities contained in the syngas and their flexibility to use different mixtures of CO and/or CO2 and H2 makes these bacteria an attractive alternative to the chemical catalytic processes. Despite these advantages, the integration of gasification with syngas fermentation is still in an early stage of development, where many questions exist concerning the syngas quality needed in the fermentation process. The challenge is to define the optimum gasification conditions for this type of feedstock that will provide a H2:CO:CO2 ratio at values suitable for syngas fermentation, as well as to identify and remove the compounds that can inhibit the performance of the microorganisms. In this work a first attempt to combine the two processes is presented.A lignin rich feedstock was gasified with steam at 780°C using MILENA indirect gasifier, at TNO. The product gas after removal of the main impurities, consisted of CO, H2, CO2, N2, CH4 and traces of other gaseous hydrocarbons, benzene and H2S. The influence of the obtained syngas quality and composition was evaluated in the fermentation process, at KIT. For comparison, product gas from beech wood gasification after cleaning was also evaluated in the fermentation process under the same conditions.The process involved growing cells in a batch system under continuous flow of biomass-derived gas. The strain used in this work is Clostridium ljungdahlii. The fermentation of both beech wood and lignin-derived syngas was successful, since no inhibition was observed. The carbon fixation onto products achieved for both cases was approximately 55%, while a slightly higher ethanol production was observed with the lignin-derived syngas. The total productivity (including both acetate and ethanol) at the end-point was 0.18 g/L/h for both fermentations.
Climate Adaptation and Climate Mitigation Do Not Undermine Each Other: A Cross‐Cultural Test in Four Countries
Authors: Urban Jan , Vačkářová Davina , Badura Tomas
Published: June 2020

Adaptation and mitigation are both essential components of strategies that aim to decrease risks associated with climate change. A number of existing studies, however, suggest that the two might be negatively affecting each other – climate adaptation might decrease mitigation efforts and vice versa. We have examined these effects in five experimental studies carried out in four countries (total N = 4,800) and have used Bayesian analysis to evaluate the strength of empirical support for such effects. We did not find any evidence that compensation between climate mitigation and adaptation takes place. On the contrary, we found some evidence, albeit rather weak, that prior focus on adaptation measures increases the subsequent tendency to engage in mitigation behavior; this effect is likely to be driven by an increase in worry about the impacts of climate change that results from a prior focus on climate adaptation. If anything, offering adaptation options may increase the tendency to mitigate climate change.
Age differences in strategic reminder setting and the compensatory role of metacognition
Authors: Scarampi Chiara , Gilbert Sam
Published: June 2020

Previous research has shown that older adults can have difficulty remembering to fulfil delayed intentions. In the present study, we explored whether age differences in prospective memory are affected when participants are permitted to set reminders to help them remember. Furthermore, we examined whether metacognition can influence the use of such strategies and help older adults compensate for age-related memory decline. In this pre- registered study (N = 88) we administered a computerised task requiring a sample of older (aged 65-84) and younger (aged 18-30) participants to remember delayed intentions for a brief period, manipulating the possibility of setting reminders to create an external cue. Performance of the older group was significantly poorer than the younger group. Moreover, older adults were overconfident in their memory abilities and did not fully compensate for impaired performance, even when strategic reminder-setting was permitted. These findings suggest that older adults possess limited metacognitive knowledge about their prospective memory limits and may not fully utilise cognitive offloading strategies to compensate for memory decline.
Older and ‘staying at home’ during lockdown: informal care receipt during the COVID-19 pandemic amongst people aged 70 and over in the UK
Authors: Evamdrou Maria , Falkingham Jane , Qin Min , Vlachantoni Athina
Published: June 2020

On 23 March 2020 the UK went into lockdown in an unprecedented step to attempt to limitthe spread of coronavirus. Government advice at that time was that all older people aged 70and over should stay at home and avoid any contact with non-household members. This studyuses new data from the Understanding Society COVID 19 survey collected in April 2020,linked to Understanding Society Wave 9 data collected in 2018/19, in order to examine theextent of support received by individuals aged 70 and over in the first four weeks oflockdown from family, neighbours or friends not living in the same household, and how thatsupport had changed prior to the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. The researchdistinguishes between different types of households as, given with guidance not to leavehome and not to let others into the household, those older people living alone or living onlywith a partner also aged 70 and above are more likely to be particularly vulnerable. Theresults highlight both positive news alongside causes for concern. The receipt of assistancewith Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), especially shopping, has increasedparticularly among those living alone or with an older partner, reflecting the rise ofvolunteering and community action during this period. However, not all older people reporteda rise, and the majority reported ‘no change’, in the support received. Moreover, amongstthose older people reporting that they required support with at least one Activity of DailyLiving (ADL) task prior to the pandemic, around one-quarter reported receiving no care fromoutside the household and one-in-ten of those with two or more ADL care needs reportedreceiving less help than previously. Although formal home care visits have continued duringthe pandemic to those who have been assessed by the local government to be in need, it isimportant to acknowledge that some older people risk not having the support they need.
Puerto Rican Farmers' Psychological Awareness of Climate Change, and Adaptation Perceptions after Hurricane Maria
Authors: Rodríguez-Cruz Luis Alexis , Niles Meredith
Published: June 2020

Strengthening farmers’ adaptive capacity is important for decreasing their vulnerability to natural hazards in this changing climate, and for safeguarding local food systems. One key step in strengthening adaptive capacity is understanding the relationship between farmers’ experience with natural hazards and their perceptions of climate change, and its role in farmers’ decision making around climate change adaptation. Here we explore Puerto Rican farmers’ psychological distance of climate change after experiencing category 4 Hurricane Maria, in order to intersect the roles of experience, perceptions, and motivation for farmers’ decision-making around climate change adaptation. Farmers throughout Puerto Rico were surveyed by Extension Services’ agents (n = 405, 87% response rate) in 2018, eight months after Hurricane Maria. A structural equation model was used to evaluate how reported experience with past events and direct damages by Hurricane Maria related to farmers’ psychological distance of climate change, and the association of these variables to farmers’ motivation to adapt to climate change. We found that farmers psychological distance of climate change is both near and far, since they show a broad awareness to climate change’s impacts both locally and globally in different dimensions (temporal, geographical, and social). Reported experience and direct damages by the hurricane were not linked to their psychological distance of climate change, and these did not relate to their motivation to adapt. These results suggest that using extreme events as a driver for climate belief and action may no longer be relevant, especially in a context where there is a high level of climate change belief and continued threat of extreme events. Thus, broadening analysis beyond individual perceptions as drivers of climate adaptation to how structural dynamics are linked to adaptive capacity could provide better understanding. This study is among the first to study the role of climate change experience and perceptions on farmers’ climate change adaption after an extreme weather event in an island-archipelago setting.
Co-designing global target-seeking scenarios: a cross-scale participatory process for capturing multiple perspectives on pathways to sustainability
Authors: Aguiar Ana Paula , Collste David , Harmáčková Zuzana V. , Pereira Laura M. , Selomane Odirilwe , Galafassi Diego , van Vuuren Detlef P. , van der Leeuw Sander
Published: June 2020

The United Nations 2030 Agenda catalysed the development of global target-seeking sustainability-oriented scenarios representing alternative pathways to reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Implementing the SDGs requires connected actions across local, national, regional, and global levels; thus, target-seeking scenarios need to reflect alternative options and tensions across those scales. We argue that the design of global sustainability-oriented target-seeking scenarios requires a consistent process for capturing multiple and contrasting perspectives on how to reach the goals, including the perspectives from multiple scales (e.g. local, national, regional) and geographic regions (e.g. the Global South). Here we propose a novel approach to co-design global target-seeking scenarios, consisting of (a) capturing global perspectives on pathways to the SDGs through a review of existing global scenarios; (b) a multi-stakeholder process to obtain multiple sub-global perspectives on pathways to sustainability; (c) an analysis of convergences, and crucially, divergences between global and regional perspectives on pathways to reach the SDGs, feeding into the design of new target-seeking scenario narratives. As a case study, we use the results of the 2018 African Dialogue on The World in 2050, discussing the future of agriculture and food systems. The identified divergent themes emerging from our analysis included urbanization, population growth, agricultural practices, and the roles of different actors in the future of agriculture. The results challenge some of the existing underlying assumptions of the current sustainability-oriented global scenarios (e.g. population growth, urbanisation, agricultural practices), indicating the relevance and timeliness of the proposed approach. We suggest that similar approaches can be replicated in other contexts to better inform the process of sustainability-oriented scenario co-design across scales, regions and cultures.
Características clínicas y sociodemográficas de pacientes fallecidos por COVID-19 en Colombia
Authors: Carcamo Molina Luis Miguel , Tejeda-Camargo Miguel José , Castro Clavijo Jorge Alberto , Montoya Luisa M. , Barrezueta-Solano Laura Johanna , Cardona-Montoya Sara , Arjona-Granados Dayana Andrea , Rendón-Varela Johnny Alexander
Published: June 2020

Introduction: the first case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was confirmed in Colombia on March 6 2020, and spread through the country with diverse clinical presentations. It is critical to identify the characteristics of individuals with fatal outcomes. Objectives: to describe the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients who died from COVID-19 in Colombia up to May 15 2020. Material and Methods: a cross-sectional study. Data on patients who died from COVID-19 in Colombia recorded and reported by the National Health Institute from March 6 to May 15 2020 were used. Results: a total of 546 deaths were reported as of May 15 2020, of which 60.8% were males. The median age was 69 years (IQR: 59-79), 73.3% were patients aged 60 years or older and 86.8% had underlying risk factors, the most common being hypertension (37.9%), diabetes mellitus (18.7%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17.3%) and a past history of heart disease (15.2%), 3.3% were cases that had arrived from abroad. Nationally, the most affected areas were Bogotá (29.8%), Cali (12.2%), Cartagena (11.1%) and Leticia (6.2%). Conclusions:  the COVID-19 mortality rate in Colombia is 3.8%. Most patients had an associated clinical condition being hypertension the most frequent one, but chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypothyroidism are relevant in our population.
Public opinion attitudes towards the European Union and its future in the United Kingdom. Study based on the results of Eurobarometer surveys in the UK and Poland
Authors: Słupek Beata
Published: June 2020

The subject of this publication is the scepticism regarding the future of the European Union in the UK. The research is based on Eurobarometer surveys conducted over the period of five years. A purpose of the research is to show the relationship between the results of the Eurobarometer survey on the future of the EU, and the eurosceptic views in the UK. The main research questions is: is the UK sceptical about the future of the EU? Hypothesis of this publication is that the UK is sceptical about the future of the European Union. The reasons for such attitudes are not analysed here – the article is merely an attempt to present the societal attitudes. The research method employed is the comparative critical analysis of quantitative data. The conclusion is that Great Britain is not significantly eurosceptic. British people are, however, less enthusiastic about what is happening at present in the EU, and also are showing greater anxieties when it comes to the future of the EU.
MoreEU project and its implementation in Poland
Authors: Nadolska Jadwiga
Published: June 2020

The aim of this article is to present the assumptions of a Jean Monnet Network’s international research project, MoreEU More Europe to Overcome the Crisis, conducted at the Institute of European Studies at the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw between 2014 and 2017. The article discusses the social requirements for the project, its objectives, structure, research assumptions and implementation process.
Whose story about Europe? The problem of acceptance and legitimisation of the European project in the eyes of young people
Authors: Borkowski Paweł B. , Rojewska Marta , Zamęcki Łukasz
Published: June 2020

This article reflects on the issue of legitimacy and attitudes of the young generation (16–19 years old) towards the European integration. The authors decided to divide the text into two parts, the first of which consists of the theoretical and historical approach to the problem of the legitimacy of European integration and the narrative about Europe, and the second presents the main conclusions and problems identified during the work of authors with the youth, and the implementation of the international Jean Monnet Network project MoreEU: More Europe to overcome the crisis. Confrontation of these two parts has made it clear that traditional justification of the legitimacy of the integration project does not speak to the contemporary youth, and that this is precisely in this age group that we can clearly see the crisis of the legitimacy of the European Union.
Best practices in communicating about the European Union
Authors: Jas-Koziarkiewicz Marta
Published: June 2020

The paper analyses the determinants of communication and teaching about the European Union. The article was based on data collected through in-depth focused interviews. Its aim was to identify the challenges that are associated with carrying out educational and communication tasks of the EU and to learn about best practices in this area. In the opinion of the participants, the activity, in order to be considered worthy of imitation, should be addressed to specific, defined audience groups. Children and adolescents were defined as the most important. The examples of best practices include those related to education, the activities of EU information centres and public speeches.
Deliberation as a tool to find solutions to overcome the crisis in the European Union
Authors: Witkowska Marta
Published: June 2020

A deliberative debate is a process of communication focused on finding good arguments for specific evaluations and solutions to the issues discussed, and addressing important stakeholder issues. The aim of the article is to present the course and results of observations made with regards to the theoretical and scientific discourse of deliberation that took place in September 2016. Participants were academic experts, thinkers and representatives of civil society organisations working in European affairs, as well as doctoral students and other activists. The questions concerned the way to understand the guiding motto of the meeting: More Europe and the way to define and to perceive the crisis in the process of European integration. Deliberation concerned the assessment of the model of European integration and the question whether the current formula is endorsed or contested. In addition, arguments on the best and worst effects of the integration process should be identified, who can challenge the integration process and for what reasons. The purpose of the deliberation was to assess the process of European integration, identify the ground for the criticism thereof, diagnose crisis situations and indicate the desired target model.
Polska wizja „rekonstytucji” Unii Europejskiej: nowy model integracji zróżnicowanej?
Authors: Tosiek Piotr
Published: June 2020

The main hypothesis of the article is based on the assumption that the vision of “reconstitution” of the European Union presented by Krzysztof Szczerski is a hybrid concept of differentiated integration. The analysis of geopolitical, institutional, economic and axiological dimensions of “reconstitution” allows to conclude that this vision merges the elements of the “multispeed Europe”, the “Europe of concentric circles” and the “Europe à la carte” concepts. The results of the analysis prove that the vision stems from the wrong perception of reality, being incoherent and rooted in a specific ideological approach. From the point of view of Poland’s interests it is dysfunctional at the current stage of European integration.
Exploration of the Role of Education in Intergenerational Income Mobility in Canada: Evidence from the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults
Authors: Simard-Duplain Gaëlle , St-Denis Xavier
Published: June 2020

Canadian children experience a high level of intergenerational income mobility compared with US children. Moreover, their physical and mental health outcomes, school readiness, and post-secondary attendance are all less tightly associated with parental outcomes than in the United States. In this article, we investigate the role played by children’s education in the intergenerational transmission of income in Canada. Existing research has produced macro-level estimates of mobility to draw comparisons over time and across places and has studied the micro-level mechanisms that underlie the relationship between parents’ and children’s outcomes. However, evidence on the extent to which the different factors investigated drive the broader numbers is still limited. To remedy this, we exploit the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults, a rich panel of integrated survey and administrative data covering 1982–2013. We estimate that the education level of children accounts for 40.5–50.1 percent of the correlation between their income and their parents’, similar to the United States. Moreover, we discuss evidence suggesting that the greater mobility of Canadian children is linked not only to their lower returns to education but also to the weaker association between their education and their parents’ income. Finally, we find that almost half of the effect linked to education is associated with the skills respondents use at work, such as reading or communication.
The Effect of Differences in Treatment of the Canada Emergency Response Benefit across Provincial and Territorial Income Assistance Programs
Authors: Petit Gillian , Tedds Lindsay M.
Published: June 2020

The Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB) is a temporary cash transfer program for workers who have reduced earnings due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Some workers receiving the CERB also receive provincial or territorial income assistance. A lack of clear objectives and definitions related to the CERB has led to the CERB being treated very differently by provincial and territorial income assistance (IA) programs. We look at how these different treatments of CERB under provincial income assistance programs affect IA clients across jurisdictions. We consider arguments for why the CERB should have been fully exempted from IA benefits.
Highway Failure and Their Maintenance: A Study of Rajshahi Metropolitan City, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Mehedi , Sobhan Mohd. Abdus ,   Department of Building Engineering & Construction Management, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh,   Department of Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
Published: June 2020

Total length of paved road in Rajshahi City is about 186.64 km (2011 census). It shows that about 23% of total road lengths are present in failure condition. This study shows an investigation to compute the flexible pavement’s failure types, to define and identify the causes, and select the best maintenance for that failures of flexible pavement within Rajshahi City. There are many types of failures occur on the roads such as different types of cracks, potholes, raveling, water bleeding, corrugation and shoving, depression, and rutting. The possible causes of flexible pavement failures are improper bituminous mixes with poor quality of materials, heavy traffic loads, heavy rainfall, and bad drainage on pavement. The failures are gradually raised due to lack of proper planning, inspection, and treatment. These failures create different types of disadvantages like traffic jam, discomfort to the passengers as well as drivers, increasing vehicle operating, maintenance cost, etc. This study proves that the authorities practice maintenance procedures to repair the failures of pavement which are about 60% similar to the conventional road maintenance procedures. The authorities as Roads and Highway Department and Rajshahi City Corporation are suggested to do maintenance according to the requirements of urgent maintenance and availability of fund which is found in this investigation.
Étude des agrafeuses laparoscopiques linéaires de la société REACH Surgical sur la sleeve gastrectomie en France
Authors: Dargent J. , Lepage S. , Carandina S. , Blanc P. , Breton C.
Published: June 2020

Les interventions bariatriques laparoscopiques faisant usage d’agrafeuses linéaires sont devenues de plus en plus populaires en France, et représentent plus de 90 % du nombre total des procédures bariatriques, soit plus de 36 000 annuellement. La sleeve gastrectomie et le by-pass gastrique sont les plus réalisés aujourd’hui. Concernant les dispositifs concurrents des deux sociétés les mieux établies (Medtronic et Ethicon), il y a un manque de résultats publiés. Un essai a été conduit avec une nouvelle génération d’agrafeuses linéaires endoscopiques créées par une société chinoise (REACH Surgical) dans quatre centres en France (Lyon, Bourgoin, Toulon et Saint-Étienne) et cinq opérateurs différents. Trente-six sleeve gastrectomies ont été réalisées de octobre 2019 à février 2020 (34 primaires et deux secondaires), 32 femmes et quatre hommes, âge moyen : 42 ans, poids : 112 kg, IMC : 40,4 kg/m2. De 0 à 5, la note moyenne sur l’ergonomie a été de 4, et pour la sécurité 4,5. Il n’y a pas eu d’événements indésirables à 48 heures, et un à J4 (abcès sous-phrénique, pas de fistule digestive). L’impression générale a été celle d’un dispositif sûr et efficace.
KEMAN CİLASINDA ‘GELENEKSEL YÖNTEM’ VE ALKOL BAZLI CİLA İÇİN BİR UYGULAMA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KÜÇÜKEBE Murat
Published: June 2020

Geleneksel yöntemlerle hazırlanan keman cilaları, hazırlanmalarında kullanılan reçinelerin çözünürlük tipleri bakımından üç şekilde kategorize edilmiştir. Bunlardan ikisi alkol ya da yağda çözülebilen ayrı reçinelerle üretilmeleri nedeniyle birbirinden ayrılmakta, ‘alkol’ ya da ‘yağ’ cilaları şeklinde adlandırılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte hem alkolde hem de yağda çözülmeye uygun bazı reçinelerle üretilebilen ‘karışım’ ya da ‘yağ temelli’ (Setragno, 2017 s. 80) olarak adlandırılan cila uygulamaları da bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede amaç, alana ilişkin kaynaklardan yararlanma yoluyla, bu makale aracılığıyla kullanımına yer verilecek malzemeleri temel özellikleri açsından tanımlamakla birlikte, ‘geleneksel’ yöntemin takip edildiği, alkol temelli bir cilanın hazırlanması ve uygulanması aşamalarına ilişkin bilginin aktarımı ile, ‘çalgı bilim çalışmalarının bir kolu olarak ülkemiz ‘çalgı yapım alanına’ ilişkin bilgi havuzuna, uygulamalı organoloji kapsamında ufak bir katkıda bulunmak olacaktır. Söz konusu sebeple bu çalışma, etnomüzikoloji ve halkbilim alanlarında kendisine hali hazırda oldukça geniş bir yer bulmuş durumdaki ‘gelenek’ ile ilgili kuramsal tartışmanın aktarımına girmek yerine, daha çok çalgı yapım alanının ‘edimsel’ yönünü beslemeyi tercih eder. Bununla birlikte söz konusu alana akademik çalışma üretme yönünden dahil olmayı amaç edinen gençler için ‘mesleki’ olarak tüketilen herhangi bir bilginin akademik bir makale aracılığıyla ortaya konuşunu ve paylaşımını örneklemeyi hedefler.
ЛОГИСТИКА ЖӘНЕ КӨЛІК АКАДЕМИЯСЫНЫҢ МЫСАЛЫНДА ПЕРСОНАЛДЫ БАСҚАРУ КЕЗІНДЕГІ ДЕРЕКТЕРДІ ТАЛДАУ АЛГОРИТМІ
Authors: Ахметов Б.С. , Нұралбай Қ.
Published: June 2020

Бұл мақалада басқару процесінде ақпараттық технологияларды енгізу қажеттілігі талданады, ақпараттық жүйелердің негізгі функциялары, сондай-ақ персоналды басқару жүйесінде қолданылатын ақпараттық технологиялардың құрылымы сипатталады. Олардың көмегімен персоналды басқару мәселелерін логистика және көлік академиясы мысалында шешуге болатын технологиялар қарастырылады. Қазіргі заманауи қоғамда ақпарат прогрестің жаңа қозғалтқышына айналуда. Қазіргі уақытта басқару сапасын жақсарту үшін құжаттамамен жұмыс істеу жүйесін жетілдіруге көбірек көңіл бөлу қажет, өйткені персоналды басқару процесі ақпарат көздерімен жұмыс істеуге негізделген, оның тасымалдаушысы бір немесе басқа формада. Заманауи әлемде іс-шаралар тиімділігін арттыру, құжаттармен жұмыс жасаудың ақпараттық жүйесін жетілдіру, басқарушылық құрамның өнімділігі мен тиімділігін арттыру үшін ақпараттық технологиялар мен Python бағдарламалық қамтамасыздандыру жүйесі енгізілуде, бұл көптеген мәселелерді шешуге мүмкіндік береді.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE INVERSE PROBLEM FOR THE ACOUSTIC EQUATION
Authors: Baishemirov Zh. , Kasenov S. , Askerbekova J. , Beibitkyzy A.
Published: June 2020

This article presents the continuation problem for one-dimensional equations of acoustics. Currently, one of the most difficult areas of research in applied mathematics is the reverse calculation of wave propagation, which has an important area of application in geophysics and medicine. The propagation of an acoustic wave in an inhomogeneous medium and the measurement of the return of some part of the sound by special devices leads to the calculation of the initial-boundary for the partial derivative equation. Most of these problems are ill-posed. One such ill-posed problem is the continuation problem. The continuation problem is based on finding the value of the desired function in the rest of the boundary using additional data in a certain part of the boundary. In this regard, we present the continuation problems to the inverse boundary value problem. There are many methods for solving general boundary value inverse problems, for example, the gradient method. In this paper, we construct a finite-difference scheme for this inverse problem and find an unknown function on the characteristic from this difference equation by inverting the difference scheme. The effectiveness of this method lies in a simple and accurate fast calculation algorithm. To test the correctness of any method or algorithm, we first solve a direct problem by specifying a exact function. Then we find additional information and solve the inverse problem. Let us compare the inverse problem with solving a problem with an exact function. However, in practice it often happens that additional information is provided with certain errors. Therefore, the correctness of the algorithm was verified by adding different error levels to the additional information. Quantitative data and graphs of these quantitative results are compared.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS 8m- 10m. IV. THE STARS-STANDARDS ALONG +61 PARALLEL
Authors: Tereshchenko V.M.
Published: June 2020

This article is the fourth paper from cycle of notices, which devoted to the creation of spectrophotometric standards of intermediate brightness. The stars-standards such as brightness are necessary first of all for standardization of the spectral observations on the big telescopes. In paper the absolute energy distribution in visual region of spectra for 6 B-A-stars about 8m were present. The investigated stars are located along the sky parallel with δ = +61˚ in the range of right ascensions from 0h to 24h . Observations were carried out on the telescope Zeiss-600 (D : F = 1 : 12) with the help of a diffraction spectrograph with toroidal grating. The receiver of radiation was served by CCD-camera ATIC 490EX. Equipment, observation methods, reductions and computations detailed described in our first paper of present cycle. The distribution of energy was studied in the range of 345nm - 665nm; the spectral resolution of the data is 5nm, the relative standard error of the received data - from 2 to 6%. The reliability of the obtained monochromatic results is assessed by means of comparing the calculated and directly observed star magnitudes in the UBV-system.
УРАН КЕН ОРЫНДАРЫНДАҒЫ ПРОЦЕССТЕРДІ ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬ БАҒДАРЛАМАУ АРҚЫЛЫ МОДЕЛЬДЕУ
Authors: Телқожа А.Н. , Кульджабеков А.Б.
Published: June 2020

Бұл мақалада уранды жерасты шаймалау әдісі арқылы өндіруді модельдеу есептеулерін MPI параллельдеу технологиясын пайдалану арқылы жүзеге асырылды. MPI технологиясы ғылыми есептеулерде белсенді қолданылады және процесстерді ішкі облыстарға бөлуінің арқасында есептеулерді тездетуге мүмкіндік береді. Есептеудің бастапқы облысы әр жеке процесске арналған ішкі облыстарға бөлініп, барлық процесстердің синхронды жұмыс жасауы үшін әр облыс бірдей нүкте санына бөлінді. Параллель есептеулер алгоритмі әртүрлі процесс сандарын іске қосулармен тексерілді. Бастапқы облыстағы нүктелер саны 360×180×180 құрады. Процесс саны өскен сайын, оған бөлінген нүктелер саны азаяды, яғни есептеу уақытын азайтуға мүмкіндік береді. Жерасты шаймалау технологиясы - бұл ұңғымалар арқылы қабаттарға сілтісіздендіру ерітіндісін айдау және сілтісіздендіру ерітіндісінің кенмен химиялық өзара әрекеттесуі арқылы тау жынысы ішіндегі минералды селективті еріту әдісі. Жерасты шаймалау әдісі тұз, калий, күкірт сияқты әртүрлі қатты заттарды бөліп алуға қолданылатын ерітінді негізінде өндіруші әдістер тобына жатады. Кен қабатын еріткішпен қышқылдандыру, кен денесіндегі сорылатын қышқыл ерітіндісін фильтрациялау және өнімді ерітіндіні сору процестерін қарастырып, реагенттің, сұйық және қатты фазадағы пайдалы компонент концентрацияларының таралулары анықталды.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF WEAK ABSORPTION BANDS OF AMMONIA AT 552 AND 645 NM IN THE SPECTRUM OF JUPITER
Authors: Filippov V.A. , Vdovichenko V.D. , Karimov A.M. , Lysenko P.G. , Teifel V.G.
Published: June 2020

This article contains the first obtained results of measuring the latitudinal variations of the very weak ammonia (NH3) absorption band at 552 nm along the central Jupiter meridian based on spectral observations in 2019. This study is preliminary in nature as the first attempt to clarify the possibility and advisability of further detailed study of this weak ammonia band behavior on the Jupiter disk. We obtained the latitude variations of the equivalent widths and equivalent absorption paths for the 552 nm NH3 band and, for comparison, the same characteristics for the more intense, but also weak NH3 645 nm band. The absorption maximum in both bands is observed in the equatorial zone, where in the center of the disk their equivalent widths are: W (552 nm) = 2.58 ± 0.29 A and W (645 nm) = 6.77 ± 0.25 A. A feature that distinguishes the behavior of the 552 nm NH3 band from the 645 nm NH3 band is a steeper decrease in absorption towards high latitudes, as well as small differences in the positions of absorption extrema in latitudes. The effect of latitudinal differences in the position of the extrema of the methane absorption bands was discovered by us as early as 1999 observations and was later noted also in the ammonia absorption bands. These features reflect structural differences in the Jupiter cloud layer and its troposphere and can serve as one of the means for its (troposphere) optical sounding.
Analisis determinan deposito mudharabah
Authors: Sulistyawati Ardiani Ika , Hidayah Nurul , Santoso Aprih
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study is to test the influence of inflation rates, interest rates, liquidity rates proxied by the finance to deposit ratio, and profit sharing rates to the amount of mudharabah deposit. This study conducts the regression analysis and uses time series data which retrieved from the quarterly financial statements of BRI Syariah and BCA Syariah in Indonesia over period of 2014 to 2018 as the sample. The study proves that: (a) the inflation rates is insignificant to influence the amount of deposit mudharabah; (b) the interest rates is insignificant to influence the amount of deposit mudharabah of BRI Syariah and BCA Syariah because when the interest of conventional bank increase then the amount of deposit mudharabah do not experience dramatic changes because the customers still invest their fund at BRI Syariah and BCA Syariah; (c) finance to deposit ratio is significant to influence the amount of mudharabah deposit; (d) the rates of share profit is insignificant to influence the amount of mudharabah deposit; and (e) size is insignificant to influence the amount of mudharabah deposit.
La segunda generación emigrante en Europa y sus problemas educativos
Authors: De Lezama Pedro
Published: June 2020

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新时期水库移民工作要点研究
Authors: 杨 明霞
Published: June 2020

随着我国社会的不断发展,为了保障对水资源的合理规划利用修建了很多水利水库工程,做好新时期水库移民工作,关系到我国党和政府以人为本的科学发展观,也是构建社会主义和谐社会非常重要的内容。本文将对水库移民安置工作要点进行研究,分析了我国水库移民现状以及几种常见方式,针对完善水库移民工作的相关制度保障措施提出了一些思考,希望能够为我国水库移民工作提供一些帮助。
基层水利工程建设与管理发展思路探究
Authors: 莫合买提 阿达来提 •
Published: June 2020

随着我国科技的不断进步以及社会主义现代化市场的不断扩大,基层水利建设管理逐渐出现了各种各样的问题。与国际先进水平相比,我国的基层水利工程建设整体呈现的是规模太小,投资力度薄弱,工期不达标以及缺少优秀的质量管理人才,这一系列问题都制约着我国的基层水利工程建设的发展。鉴于此,本文就基层水利工程建设与管理发展思路展开探讨,以期为相关工作起到参考作用。
新时期水利工程移民安置的几点思考
Authors: 申 云香
Published: June 2020

新时代水利工程的重要性越来越突出,移民安置是水利工程项目实施的重要组成部分,也是促进水利工程项目顺利实施的基础和前提,所以做好移民安置工作非常必要。因此,本文结合最新的国家政策对水利工程移民生产及生活安置方式进行了剖析,以供参考。
白鹤滩水电站极端降水特征分析
Authors: 陶 丽 , 黄 瑶
Published: June 2020

为加强白鹤滩施工期气象服务保障,本文利用1960-2019年宁南、巧家以及区域站新田站2009-2019地面气象站降水日值数据,通过百分位阈值法等定义了白鹤滩水电站极端降水指数,得到白鹤滩极端降水阈值并分析了各指数的变化趋势以及分布规律。研究结果表明：宁南县的极端降水阈值、平均极端降水量、平均极端降水强度均为最大,是最容易发生强降水的地区；两县极端降水发生峰值期相同,多发生于6、7两月；近60年宁南和巧家两县极端降水量、极端降水日数和极端降水比率均呈上升趋势。
水利水电建设管理问题分析及对策
Authors: 李 鹏 , 于 王强
Published: June 2020

通过这些年我国社会经济的迅猛发展,我国建筑行业也得到了显著性的进步。各类建筑工程在较短的时间内建设数量呈现出快速增长的发展状态,在此期间,建设管理工作的重要作用浮出水面。接下来,本篇论文围绕水利水电建设管理问题进行系统性的分析,针对现有问题提出相应的解决对策,望能够对同行业起到一定的参考借鉴价值。
高压输电线路外力破坏分析及防范措施
Authors: 宋 计林 , 王 晓丽 , 王 英军 , 刘 士嘉
Published: June 2020

近年来,外力破坏对输电线路造成诸多安全隐患。文章通过对高压输电线路外力破坏类型和防外力破坏工作难点进行分析,针对不同外力破坏类型,提出了具体的防范措施,使公司电网的安全性和稳定性得到了有效的提升。
农村饮水工程管护的问题与措施
Authors: 孙 玉玲
Published: June 2020

当前国家正在大力提倡社会主义新农村建设,农村饮水问题正是一大重难点,虽然国家已经对此投入很多,兴建了不少水利工程和饮水基础设施,但是在农村地带,对于饮水工程的管护却稍显脱节,很多地方的管理意识和管理质量不高,导致不少饮水工程年久失修,新建工程缺乏有力保护,整体运行效率较低,这与农村管理机构以及管理人员等众多因素都有很大的关系,为此本文将具体对农村饮水工程的有关问题进行分析,并提出一些合理的解决措施,希望饮水工程能有效改善农村住户的饮水条件。
水利水电工程地质勘测的方法与技术应用
Authors: 李 庶勋
Published: June 2020

目前,我国水利水电行业发展迅速,正处于设备、产业改革更新的时代转折点。工程地质勘测属于水利水电工程建设中前期工作,通过勘测所得数据可可帮助设计人员分析施工环境下存在的地质问题和基础缺陷,进而制定科学、合理的施工措施。本文以水利水电工程勘测施工作为研究对象,分析了该工序需要应用的方法和技术,并提出了优化勘测、安全管理的措施建议,希望能够为对应的勘测单位提供参考借鉴。
河水加压滴灌的施工管理与运行管理探究
Authors: 常 青
Published: June 2020

本文对河水加压滴管的施工管理和运行管理展开探讨和研究,从河水加压滴管技术的特征开始介绍,对施工管理和运行管理措施展开分析,以期增大河水加压滴管技术的应用率,为人们生活质量的提高及经济的发展贡献力量。
Introduction of Computer Aided Test Analysis Program for Civil Engineering
Authors: Wu Zheng , Lee Yang , Lee Chong
Published: June 2020

The Computer Aided Test Analysis for Civil Engineering (CATACE) is made based on International standards, regulations and specifications. It includes test analysis for aggregates, bitumen, soil, asphalt concrete and its mixtures. It includes the technical requirements for nuclear gauge, selection parameter for surface dressing, blending for prime coat and tack coat. It provides the unit conversion between American to international system. It provided over 40 kinds of test analysis, and it will be increase working efficiency for the Material Testing Engineer who is working oversea project and follows International Standards. The paper introduces the functions and application of the program.
Railways Galicia Austro-Hungarian period: historiography of the problem
Authors: Dymytryuk V.
Published: June 2020

The article presents historiography of «Roads Galicia in Austro-Hungarian period» problem. The study of marked problem required searching and studying a substantial part of sources, which are stored in the archives and libraries of Chernivtsi, Lviv, Moscow and St. Petersburg. Of course, main part of factual material is drawn from archives of Chernivtsi regional state archive, book and newspaper Funds of the Scientific library of Chernivtsi University and the Lviv State Regional Archive.