bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Java cooling at the initiation of positive Indian Ocean Dipole events
Authors: Delman Andrew S. , Sprintall Janet , McClean Julie L. , Talley Lynne D.
Published: July 2016

Anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) cooling south of Java, initiated during May–July, is an important precursor to positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) events. As shown previously, the Java SST anomalies are spatially and temporally coincident with seasonal upwelling induced locally by southeasterly trade winds. However, we confirm earlier findings that interannual variability of the Java cooling is primarily driven by remote wind forcing from coastal Sumatra and the equatorial Indian Ocean (EqIO); we also find an influence from winds along the Indonesian Throughflow. The wind forcing in the EqIO and along coastal Sumatra does not initiate SST cooling locally due to a deep thermocline and thick barrier layer, but can force upwelling Kelvin waves that induce substantial surface cooling once they reach the seasonally shallower thermocline near the coast of Java. Satellite altimetry is used to obtain a Kelvin wave coefficient that approximates Kelvin wave amplitude variations along the equator. All pIOD years in the satellite record have anomalous levels of upwelling Kelvin wave activity along the equator during April–June, suggesting that upwelling waves during this season are necessary for pIOD event development. However, a change to wind‐forced downwelling Kelvin waves during July–August can abruptly terminate cool Java SST anomalies and weaken the pIOD event. Upwelling Kelvin wave activity along the equator and wind stress anomalies west of Sumatra are both robust predictors of the IOD index later in the calendar year, while values of the Kelvin wave coefficient are the most reliable predictor of pIOD events specifically.
Float observations of an anticyclonic eddy off Hokkaido
Authors: Inoue Ryuichiro , Faure Vincent , Kouketsu Shinya
Published: July 2016

To clarify the formation process of the salinity minimum in the Kuroshio–Oyashio mixed water region and understand the mechanism of meridional heat transport between the subtropical and subpolar gyres, 16 profiling floats were deployed within a warm‐core anticyclonic eddy off Hokkaido from June 2012 to December 2013. Then, the evolution of an anticyclonic eddy was examined using time series of the water properties. The largest fluctuations in water properties were observed in April and May 2013, when the anticyclonic eddy first moved south to interact with a warm front, then back north. Salinity in the salinity minimum layer increased during the interaction. After the eddy detached from the frontal structure, low‐salinity water was again observed with small intrusive structures, which eventually converged to a smooth zigzag structure in the potential temperature‐salinity diagram, suggesting that both vertical mixing and vertical heaving played a role in the temporal changes observed after the eddy detached from the front. Since the salinity variation during the interaction event was about half the total salinity change during the whole experimental period, the interaction of an eddy with a front might be important for modifying the water properties of the eddy, and, therefore, for the meridional transport of heat and fresh water.
Evolution of a Canada Basin ice‐ocean boundary layer and mixed layer across a developing thermodynamically forced marginal ice zone
Authors: Gallaher Shawn G. , Stanton Timothy P. , Shaw William J. , Cole Sylvia T. , Toole John M. , Wilkinson Jeremy P. , Maksym Ted , Hwang Byongjun
Published: July 2016

A comprehensive set of autonomous, ice‐ocean measurements were collected across the Canada Basin to study the summer evolution of the ice‐ocean boundary layer (IOBL) and ocean mixed layer (OML). Evaluation of local heat and freshwater balances and associated turbulent forcing reveals that melt ponds (MPs) strongly influence the summer IOBL‐OML evolution. Areal expansion of MPs in mid‐June start the upper ocean evolution resulting in significant increases to ocean absorbed radiative flux (19 W m−2 in this study). Buoyancy provided by MP drainage shoals and freshens the IOBL resulting in a 39 MJ m−2 increase in heat storage in just 19 days (52% of the summer total). Following MP drainage, a near‐surface fresh layer deepens through shear‐forced mixing to form the summer mixed layer (sML). In late summer, basal melt increases due to stronger turbulent mixing in the thin sML and the expansion of open water areas due in part to wind‐forced divergence of the sea ice. Thermal heterogeneities in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) upper ocean led to large ocean‐to‐ice heat fluxes (100–200 W m−2) and enhanced basal ice melt (3–6 cm d−1), well away from the ice edge. Calculation of the upper ocean heat budget shows that local radiative heat input accounted for at least 89% of the observed latent heat losses and heat storage (partitioned 0.77/0.23). These results suggest that the extensive area of deteriorating sea ice observed away from the ice edge during the 2014 season, termed the “thermodynamically forced MIZ,” was driven primarily by local shortwave radiative forcing.
Offshore forcing on the “pressure point” of the West Florida Shelf: Anomalous upwelling and its influence on harmful algal blooms
Authors: Liu Yonggang , Weisberg Robert H. , Lenes Jason M. , Zheng Lianyuan , Hubbard Katherine , Walsh John J.
Published: July 2016

Gulf of Mexico Loop Current (LC) interactions with the West Florida Shelf (WFS) slope play an important role in shelf ecology through the upwelling of new inorganic nutrients across the shelf break. This is particularly the case when the LC impinges upon the shelf slope in the southwest portion of the WFS near the Dry Tortugas. By contacting shallow water isobaths at this “pressure point” the LC forcing sets the entire shelf into motion. Characteristic patterns of LC interactions with the WFS and their occurrences are identified using unsupervised neural network, self‐organizing map, from 23 years (1993–2015) of altimetry data. The duration of the occurrences of such LC patterns is used as an indicator of offshore forcing of anomalous upwelling. Consistency is found between the altimetry‐derived offshore forcing and the occurrence and severity of WFS coastal blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis: years without major blooms tend to have prolonged LC contact at the “pressure point,” whereas years with major blooms tend not to have prolonged offshore forcing. Resetting the nutrient state of the shelf by the coastal ocean circulation in response to deep‐ocean forcing demonstrates the importance of physical oceanography in shelf ecology. A satellite altimetry‐derived seasonal predictor for major K. brevis blooms is also proposed.
Stereoselective Cascade Reactions of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes with m‐N,N‐Dialkylaminophenyl α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyls: Diastereoselective Synthesis of cis‐ and trans‐Tetralins
Authors: Sin Seunghui , Kim Sung‐Gon
Published: July 2016

The ytterbium(III) triflate [Yb(OTf)3]‐catalyzed diastereoselective cascade reaction of m‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls with cyclopropane 1,1‐diesters under mild reaction conditions afforded highly substituted cis‐ and trans‐tetralins. The reaction of m‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl α,β‐unsaturated ketones with cyclopropane 1,1‐diesters provided tetralins with a trans orientation of the 1,4‐substitutents on the cyclohexyl ring; cis‐tetralins were obtained from m‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl substituted methylidenemalonates with high diastereoselectivities.

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Injection Length in Staggered Organic Thin Film Transistors: Assessment and Implications for Device Downscaling
Authors: Natali Dario , Chen Jiaren , Maddalena Francesco , García Ferré Francisco , Di Fonzo Fabio , Caironi Mario
Published: July 2016

In staggered thin film transistors, the injection length is the fraction of the gate to contact overlap that is effectively involved in current injection. Its assessment is important to properly downscale device dimensions. In fact, in order to increase transistor operation speed, the whole device footprint should be downscaled, which means both the gate to contact overlap and the channel length, as they affect the relative weight of gate to contact parasitic capacitances and the carrier transit time along the channel respectively. Nevertheless, it is not advisable to make the gate to contact overlap smaller than the injection length, because this negatively affects contact resistances. Suitable figures of merits are introduced to quantify these aspects, and a method is proposed to extract the injection length from electrical measurements. As an example of application, transistors based on the prototypical n‐type polymer poly{[N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD‐T2) are analyzed. When the channel length is scaled while driving voltages are kept constant, in P(NDI2OD‐T2) the injection length decreases as well, thus proving that the downscaling of the whole device footprint is feasible. The physical origins of this finding are analyzed and traced back to material properties, in order to suggest general guidelines for a successful transistor downscaling.
16p11.2 deletion and duplication: Characterizing neurologic phenotypes in a large clinically ascertained cohort
Authors: Steinman Kyle J. , Spence Sarah J. , Ramocki Melissa B. , Proud Monica B. , Kessler Sudha K. , Marco Elysa J. , Green Snyder LeeAnne , D'Angelo Debra , Chen Qixuan , Chung Wendy K. , Sherr Elliott H. ,   on behalf of the Simons VIP Consortium
Published: July 2016

Chromosome 16p11.2 deletions and duplications are among the most frequent genetic etiologies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders, but detailed descriptions of their neurologic phenotypes have not yet been completed. We utilized standardized examination and history methods to characterize a neurologic phenotype in 136 carriers of 16p11.2 deletion and 110 carriers of 16p11.2 duplication—the largest cohort to date of uniformly and comprehensively characterized individuals with the same 16p copy number variants (CNVs). The 16p11.2 deletion neurologic phenotype is characterized by highly prevalent speech articulation abnormalities, limb and trunk hypotonia with hyporeflexia, abnormalities of agility, sacral dimples, seizures/epilepsy, large head size/macrocephaly, and Chiari I/cerebellar tonsillar ectopia. Speech articulation abnormalities, hypotonia, abnormal agility, sacral dimples, and seizures/epilepsy are also seen in duplication carriers, along with more prominent hyperreflexia; less, though still prevalent, hyporeflexia; highly prevalent action tremor; small head size/microcephaly; and cerebral white matter/corpus callosum abnormalities and ventricular enlargement. The neurologic phenotypes of these reciprocal 16p11.2 CNVs include both shared and distinct features. Reciprocal phenotypic characteristics of predominant hypo‐ versus hyperreflexia and macro‐ versus microcephaly may reflect opposite neurobiological abnormalities with converging effects causing the functional impairments shared between 16p11.2 deletion and duplication carriers (i.e., abnormal motor agility and articulation). While the phenotypes exhibit overlap with other genetically‐caused neurodevelopmental disorders, clinicians should be aware of the more striking features—such as the speech and motor impairments, growth abnormalities, tremor, and sacral dimples—when evaluating individuals with developmental delay, intellectual disability, ASD, and/or language disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atypical presentation of infantile‐onset farber disease with novel ASAH1 mutations
Authors: Kim Soo Yeon , Choi Sun Ah , Lee Sangmoon , Lee Jin Sook , Hong Che Ry , Lim Byung Chan , Kang Hyoung Jin , Kim Ki Joong , Park Sung‐Hye , Choi Murim , Chae Jong‐Hee
Published: July 2016

Farber disease is a very rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation of ASAH1 that results in the accumulation of ceramide in various tissues. Clinical symptoms of classic Farber disease comprise painful joint deformity, hoarseness of voice, and subcutaneous nodules. Here, we describe a patient with Farber disease with atypical presentation of early onset hypotonia, sacral mass, congenital heart disease, and dysmorphic face since birth. Severe cognitive disability, failure to gain motor skills, failure to thrive, and joint contractures developed. Using whole‐exome sequencing, we identified the compound heterozygote missense mutations of ASAH1 (p.R333C and p.G235R). Because of the diagnostic delay, she underwent sacral mass excision, which revealed enlarged lysosomes and zebra bodies. We report an atypical presentation of Farber disease with her pathology and associated genetic defect. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of Farber disease to include novel mutations of ASAH1, which pose a diagnostic challenge. We also discuss the clinical utility of whole‐exome sequencing for diagnosis of ultra‐rare diseases. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coordination Chemistry of Diiodine and Implications for the Oxidation Capacity of the Synergistic Ag+/X2 (X=Cl, Br, I) System
Authors: Malinowski Przemysław J. , Himmel Daniel , Krossing Ingo
Published: July 2016

The synergistic Ag+/X2 system (X=Cl, Br, I) is a very strong, but ill‐defined oxidant—more powerful than X2 or Ag+ alone. Intermediates for its action may include [Agm(X2)n]m+ complexes. Here, we report on an unexpectedly variable coordination chemistry of diiodine towards this direction: (A)Ag‐I2‐Ag(A), [Ag2(I2)4]2+(A−)2 and [Ag2(I2)6]2+(A−)2⋅(I2)x≈0.65 form by reaction of Ag(A) (A=Al(ORF)4; RF=C(CF3)3) with diiodine (single crystal/powder XRD, Raman spectra and quantum‐mechanical calculations). The molecular (A)Ag‐I2‐Ag(A) is ideally set up to act as a 2 e− oxidant with stoichiometric formation of 2 AgI and 2 A−. Preliminary reactivity tests proved this (A)Ag‐I2‐Ag(A) starting material to oxidize n‐C5H12, C3H8, CH2Cl2, P4 or S8 at room temperature. A rough estimate of its electron affinity places it amongst very strong oxidizers like MF6 (M=4d metals). This suggests that (A)Ag‐I2‐Ag(A) will serve as an easily in bulk accessible, well‐defined, and very potent oxidant with multiple applications.
Understanding the surface properties of polybenzoxazines: Interaction of polybenzoxazine model compounds with metal ions and water
Authors: Shen D. , Liu C. , Sebastián R.M. , Marquet J. , Schönfeld R.
Published: July 2016

The structure of polybenzoxazines (and their properties) is mainly defined by the existence of intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The effect of different substituents present in the phenolic ring of polybenzoxazines can modulate these intermolecular forces and the interaction with other materials, such as metals. To extend this knowledge, a series of structure‐controlled polybenzoxazines and polybenzoxazine model compounds have been synthesized. The interactions with different metal ions have been investigated using UV–vis and NMR analysis. Association constants have been estimated by UV–vis titration method and the effect of the presence of different substituents in the aromatic ring has been established. Water contact angles have also been measured. The different techniques give us information about the inner hydrogen bonding structure. Cyano group, present as substituent in polybenzoxazine compounds, acts as an additional coordination point towards metal ions and water. Our findings should allow modulating the adhesion and other surface properties of the benzoxazine‐derived polymers by playing with the properties of the substituents and their structure (phenoxy/phenolic). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44099.
Highly efficient antifouling property based on self‐generating hydrogel layer of polyacrylamide coatings
Authors: Wu Gang , Li Chang‐Cheng , Jiang Xiao‐Hui , Yu Liang‐Min
Published: July 2016

Pursuit of robust antifouling coatings is a persistent objective for marine materials. We present here the experimental realization of a series of polyacrylamide‐based resins with a self‐generating hydrogel layer, arising from the polymerization of acrylamide (AM), butyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, and AM derivatives. The mechanical strength and thermal stability are markedly enhanced due to the change of the structure of modified resins. The preliminary results indicate that resultant resins with crosslinking structure show satisfactory abrasion resistance and swelling properties. The results of antifouling panel testing in shallow submergence for three months reveal that the addition of AM derivatives leads to generation of a thin soft and dynamic layer of hydrogel, which enhances antifouling properties. The formation of hydrogel and self‐generating property make it promising in various antifouling applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44111.
Room temperature CO sensing by polyaniline/Co3O4 nanocomposite
Authors: Sen T. , Shimpi N. G. , Mishra S.
Published: July 2016

Polyaniline/cobalt oxide (PANI/Co3O4) nanocomposites have been investigated for their sensitivity towards carbon monoxide (CO) gas at room temperature. The Co3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasound assisted coprecipitation method and then incorporated into the PANI matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy have been used to characterize the nanomaterials. The PANI/Co3O4 nanocomposite sensors were found to be highly selective to CO gas at room temperature. A significantly high response of 0.81 has been obtained for 75 ppm CO concentration with a response time of 40 s. Based on the observations of the sensing study, a mechanism for CO sensing by the nanocomposite has been proposed. Influence of humidity on the sensor response towards CO has also been studied and the results presented. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44115.
A Cyanine Dye Encapsulated Porous Fibrous Mat for Naked‐Eye Ammonia Sensing
Authors: Ji Chendong , Ma Lijing , Yin Meizhen , Yang Wantai , Pan Kai
Published: July 2016

Electrospun ultrathin fiber‐based sensors are desirable because of their practicality and sensitivity. Ammonia‐detection systems are in high demand in different areas, including the industrial and agricultural fields. However, current technologies rely on large and complex instruments that restrict their actual utilization. Herein, we report a flexible naked‐eye ammonia sensor, the polylactic acid–cyanine (PLA‐Cy) fibrous mat, which was fabricated by blending a carboxyl‐functionalized cyanine dye (D1) into electospun PLA porous fibers. The sensing mat was shown to undergo a naked‐eye‐detectable color change from white to blue upon exposure to ammonia vapor. The mat showed high selectivity to ammonia gas with a detection limit of 3.3 ppm. Aggregated D1 was first encapsulated by PLA and was then ionized by NH3. These mechanisms were examined by photophysical studies and scanning electron microscopy. The aggregation–deaggregation process of D1 in the PLA‐Cy fibrous mat led to the color change. This work provides a facile method for the naked‐eye detection of ammonia and a novel strategy for the use of organic dyes in ammonia sensing.
Thermally Stable Super Ionic Conductor from Carbon Sphere Oxide
Authors: Islam Md. Saidul , Karim Mohammad Razaul , Hatakeyama Kazuto , Takehira Hiroshi , Ohtani Ryo , Nakamura Masaaki , Koinuma Michio , Hayami Shinya
Published: July 2016

A highly stable proton conductor has been developed from carbon sphere oxide (CSO). Carbon sphere (CS) generated from sucrose was oxidized successfully to CSO using Hummers’ graphite oxidation technique. At room temperature and 90 % relative humidity, the proton conductivity of thin layer CSO on microsized comb electrode was found to be 8.7×10−3 S cm−1, which is higher than that for a similar graphene oxide (GO) sample (3.4×10−3 S cm−1). The activation energy (Ea) of 0.258 eV suggests that the proton is conducted through the Grotthuss mechanism. The carboxyl functional groups on the CSO surface are primarily responsible for transporting protons. In contrast to conventional carbon‐based proton conductors, in which the functional groups decompose around 80 °C, CSO has a stable morphology and functional groups with reproducible proton conductivity up to 400 °C. Even once annealed at different temperatures at high relative humidity, the proton conductivity of CSO remains almost unchanged, whereas significant change is seen with a similar GO sample. After annealing at 100 and 200 °C, the respective proton conductivity of CSO was almost the same, and was about ∼50 % of the proton conductivity at room temperature. Carbon‐based solid electrolyte with such high thermal stability and reproducible proton conductivity is desired for practical applications. We expect that a CSO‐based proton conductor would be applicable for fuel cells and sensing devices operating under high temperatures.
Xylose utilization in ethanol production: a patent landscape
Authors: Devarapalli Pratap , Deshpande Nishad , Hirwani Rajkumar R
Published: July 2016

Bioethanol is considered as one of the best alternatives to fossil fuels as unwanted biomass is converted into fuel ethanol. As there is increasing demand for fuel ethanol, researchers have started looking for some better ways to produce ethanol. In light of the present scenario, we have attempted to develop a global patent landscape view of xylose utilization in ethanol production. Our country‐specific patent analysis has revealed that most of the research on xylose‐utilizing ethanol production is carried out in the USA followed by China and Sweden. Moreover, it has been found that more patent applications/grants have been claimed for processes, followed by recombinant strains. Patent publication trends for genes and enzymes have shown that most of the research is focused on the xylA gene and xylulokinase. Assignee patenting trends suggest that Du Pont is the major player in xylose‐utilizing ethanol production research. Additionally, analysis based on micro‐organisms used in xylose‐utilizing ethanol production revealed that most of the research has been performed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae to enhance the ethanol yields. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Anticipatory balance control and dimension reduction
Authors: Rabbani Amir H. , van de Panne Michiel , Kry Paul G.
Published: July 2016

A hallmark of many skilled motions is the anticipatory nature of the balance‐related adjustments that happen in preparation for the expected evolution of forces during the motion. This can shape simulated and animated motions in subtle but important ways, help lend physical credence to the motion, and help signal the character's intent. In this article, we investigate how center‐of‐mass reference trajectories (CMRTs) can be learned so as to achieve anticipatory balance control with a state‐of‐the‐art reactive balancing system. This enables the design of physics‐based motion simulations that involve fast pose transitions as well as force‐based interactions with the environment, such as punches, pushes, and catching heavy objects. We also show that generating CMRTs in a reduced space may result in faster computation times for similar task motions that deal with environmental interactions. We demonstrate the results on planar human models and show that CMRTs generalize well across parameterized versions of a motion. We illustrate that they are also effective at conveying a mismatch between a character's expectations and reality, for example, thinking that an object is heavier than it is.
Atrial mass: a myxoma?
Authors: Chatzis Andrew C. , Kostopanagiotou Kostas , Kousi Theofili , Mitropoulos Fotios
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical Message

A middle‐aged woman with a history of resected colorectal cancer and receiving chemotherapy presented with a right atrial mass and the provisional diagnosis of myxoma supported by echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Successful surgical removal revealed organized thrombus instead. Atrial thrombus may be mistaken for myxoma and long‐term intracardiac indwelling catheters can be thrombogenic.
Cascade Synthesis of 2‐Cyanoacrylamides through Deacetalization and/or Knoevenagel Condensation followed by Selective Monohydration of Acetals and Aldehydes over Solid Acid Ferrites
Authors: Kamble Sumit B. , Rode Chandrashekhar V.
Published: July 2016

A new protocol of cascade synthesis for biologically active 2‐cyanoacrylamides (1) was developed. The reaction proceeds over a novel magnetically retrievable solid‐acid composite of iron oxide, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and phosphotungstic acid (Fe3O4/PVP–PWA) in AcOH–H2O medium under reflux conditions. This transformation is facilitated through single‐site Brønsted acid catalyzed cascade reactions involving deacetalization and/or Knoevenagel condensation followed by selective monohydration of nitriles starting from acetals (5) and aldehydes (2) with malononitrile (3). A series of aldehydes, dimethyl and diethyl acetals, along with some heterocyclic aldehydes were successfully transformed to 2‐cyanoacrylamides with >95 % yields. TEM images confirmed the coating of the PVP over nanosized Fe3O4. Stereoselective monohydration of 2‐benzylidenemalononitriles (4) to E isomers was demonstrated by NOESY experiments. The catalyst could be efficiently recycled seven times on employment of both acetals and aldehydes as substrates, as a result of its magnetic nature.
Measuring the Content of a Single Liposome through Electrocatalytic Nanoimpact “Titrations”
Authors: Cheng Wei , Compton Richard G.
Published: July 2016

We show the electrochemical determination of attomole glutathione contents within single individual liposomes at low overpotentials through mediated electron transfer by using copper (II) as a catalyst for the oxidation of liposomal glutathione. A “titration‐like” behaviour of individual liposomes was observed when impacting with the electrode to quantify the content within single liposomes. The nanoimpacts “titration” strategy allows the characterisation of nanoparticles containing redox‐inactive molecules at the single‐nanoparticle level.
Protect, profit, profess, promote: Establishing legitimacy through logics of diversity in Canadian accounting firm recruitment documents
Authors: Bujaki Merridee , Durocher Sylvain , Brouard François , Neilson Leighann , Pyper Rhonda
Published: July 2016

Prospective accounting recruits are increasingly diverse. Drawing on a theoretical framework that combines legitimacy theory, impression management, and institutional logics, we use content analysis to examine how the eight largest Canadian accounting firms refer to diversity in their recruitment websites. Our analysis reveals accounting firms adopt multiple institutional logics and various impression management strategies to enhance legitimacy in the eyes of prospective diversity‐sensitive employees. We find four “Ps” of diversity‐related institutional logics—protect, profit, profess, and promote—all of which are at play in accounting firms' websites. Further, we find that diversity is far from being an institutionalized concept. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulating Microparticles Decrease After Cardiac Stress in Patients With Significant Coronary Artery Stenosis
Authors: Sinning Jan‐Malte , Jansen Felix , Hammerstingl Christoph , Meier Arne , Losch Jan , Rohwer Katharina , Schmitz Theresa , Paul Kathrin , Sedaghat Alexander , Schueler Robert , Vasa‐Nicotera Mariuca , Müller Cornelius , Nickenig Georg , Werner Nikos
Published: July 2016

Background

Cardiac stress leads to a dynamic increase of circulating microparticles (MPs) in healthy individuals that is diminished in individuals with vascular disease. The impact of coronary ischemia on circulating MP level is unknown. This study investigates the kinetics of circulating MPs during cardiac stress in patients with coronary artery stenosis.

Hypothesis

Patients with significant coronary stenosis show altered circulating MP levels after cardiac stress.

Methods

Eighty patients with stable coronary artery disease underwent dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) on the day before coronary angiography. Before, immediately after, at 4 hours, and at 24 hours after DSE, blood was drawn to determine CD144+ endothelial microparticles (EMPs), CD14+CD16+ monocyte‐derived microparticles (MMPs), and CD31+CD42b+ platelet microparticles. A significant stenosis was defined as stenosis diameter ≥70% in a major native epicardial coronary artery with a diameter of ≥2.5 mm.

Results

Significant coronary artery stenoses were found in 41 patients. In these patients, CD144+‐EMP and CD14+CD16+‐MMP concentrations decreased immediately after DSE. Stimulation of target endothelial cells with sera from patients with significant coronary artery stenoses significantly augmented endothelial capacity to take up EMPs, but not MMPs, in vitro. Serum‐induced enhancement of endothelial phosphatidylserine receptor expression was found as a potential mechanism of increased endothelial EMP uptake and subsequently reduced circulating EMP levels after cardiac stress.

Conclusions

Cardiac ischemia leads to reduced circulating MP levels under cardiac stress. Changes of endothelial MP uptake capacities could be one possible mechanism.
Transport Dynamics of Cr and Zn Between Deposited Sediment and Overlying Water
Authors: Wang Hua , Zhou Yiyi , Wang Xiao
Published: July 2016

Jinshan Lake, a typical river‐connected lake located at middle‐lower reaches of the Yangtze River, was selected as the study area. By field investigation and laboratory annular flume experiment, Cr and Zn migration mechanism between sediment and overlying water was quantitatively analyzed under different water depth and shear stress conditions. The results showed that (i) the content of Zn and Cr in the sediment dropped obviously at shear stress of >0.05 N m−1. Zn was more likely to release from the sediment than Cr; (ii) For weak flow disturbance, a downward trend was observed for the dissolved Cr concentration due to the strong adsorption effects of fine particles with large specific surface areas on heavy metals. Dissolved Zn varied more greatly than Cr, because the conversion process between dissolved Zn and the particulate form was influenced to some extent by suspended sediment content; (iii) Under both weak and strong disturbance conditions the increasing rate of particulate Zn in overlying water was lower than Cr, which could demonstrate that Cr was more likely to be adsorbed to suspended sediment in the overlying water than Zn.
Green and selective polycondensation methods toward linear sorbitol‐based polyesters: enzymatic versus organic and metal‐based catalysis
Authors: Gustini Liliana , Lavilla Cristina , Janssen William W. T. J. , Martínez de Ilarduya Antxon , Muñoz‐Guerra Sebastián , Koning Cor E.
Published: July 2016

Renewable polyesters derived from a sugar alcohol (i.e., sorbitol) were synthesized by solvent‐free polycondensation. The aim was to prepare linear polyesters with pendant hydroxyl groups along the polymer backbone. The performance of the sustainable biocatalyst SPRIN liposorb CALB [an immobilized form of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB); SPRIN technologies] and the organo‐base catalyst 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4,4,0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD) were compared with two metal‐based catalysts: dibutyl tin oxide (DBTO) and scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate [also known as scandium triflate, Sc(OTf)3]. For the four catalytic systems, the efficiency and selectivity for the incorporation of sorbitol were studied, mainly using 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopies, whereas side reactions, such as ether formation and dehydration of sorbitol, were evaluated using MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Especially the biocatalyst SPRIN liposorb CALB succeeded in incorporating sorbitol in a selective way without side reactions, leading to close‐to‐linear polyesters. By using a renewable hydroxyl‐reactive curing agent based on l‐lysine, transparent and glossy poly(ester urethane) networks were successfully synthesized offering a tangible example of bio‐based coatings.
Effect of Statistical Noise on Simulation Results with a Plasma Fluid Code Coupled to a Monte Carlo Kinetic Neutral Code
Authors: Marandet Y. , Bufferand H. , Ciraolo G. , Genesio P. , Meliga P. , Rosato J. , Serre E. , Tamain P.
Published: July 2016

Power exhaust is one of the major challenges that future devices such as ITER and DEMO will face. Because of the lack of identified scaling parameters, predictions for divertor plasma conditions in these devices have to rely on detailed modelling. Most plasma edge simulations carried out so far rely on transport codes, which most of the times consist of a fluid code for the plasma coupled to a kinetic Monte Carlo (MC) code for neutral particles. One of the main difficulties in interpreting code results is the statistical noise from the MC procedure, which makes it difficult to define a convergence criterion for the simulations. In this work, we elaborate on similarities between noisy transport code simulations and turbulence simulations, and argue that the time averaged solution is a well defined stationary solution for the system. We illustrate these ideas with a simple slab test case with fluid neutrals, to which we add synthetic noise. In this case, the effects of noise are found to be significant only at high noise levels and for large enough correlations times.
Modelling of Impurity Transport and Plasma–Wall Interaction in Fusion Devices with the ERO Code: Basics of the Code and Examples of Application
Authors: Kirschner A. , Tskhakaya D. , Kawamura G. , Borodin D. , Brezinsek S. , Ding R. , Linsmeier Ch. , Romazanov J.
Published: July 2016

The 3D ERO code, which simulates plasma–wall interaction and impurity transport in magnetically confined fusion‐relevant devices is described. As application, prompt deposition of eroded tungsten has been simulated at surfaces with shallow magnetic field of 3 T. Dedicated PIC simulations have been performed to calculate the characteristics of the sheath in front of plasma–exposed surfaces to use as input for these ERO simulations. Prompt deposition of tungsten reaches 100% at the highest electron temperature and density. In comparison to more simplified assumptions for the sheath the amount of prompt deposition is in general smaller if the PIC–calculated sheath is used. Due to friction with the background plasma the impact energy of deposited tungsten can be significantly larger than the energy gained in the sheath potential.
Hyaline globules and papillary fragments in cytologic smears from two intra‐abdominal tumors (ovarian and hepatic) in female patients: A diagnostic pitfall with histologic correlation
Authors: Machado Isidro , López‐Soto María Victoria , Pérez‐López Albadio Samir , Domínguez‐Álvarez Carlos , Llombart‐Bosch Antonio
Published: July 2016

Hyaline globules and papillary fragments in cytologic samples from two intra‐abdominal tumors in young females are presented including the cytological features and the correlation with the histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings. In the first case a cytologic study from an ovarian mass showed papillary structures and isolated tumor cells with epithelioid morphology, irregular reniform‐like nuclear contour, pale or vacuolated cytoplasm, abundant hyaline globules and occasional glomeruloid structures resembling Schiller‐Duval bodies. Yolk sac tumor (YST) was the diagnosis on the histological slides. Tumor cells showed positivity for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) and Sal‐like protein 4 (SALL4). In case number two the cytologic study from a liver metastasis displayed papillary and rosette‐like clusters composed of uniform and bland cells showing occasional long cytoplasmic tails, hyaline globules and nuclear grooves. A diagnosis of hepatic metastasis from solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPNP) was rendered from the histology. Tumor cells revealed immunoreactivity for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), Vimentin, Galectin‐1 (GAL‐1), Neuron specific‐enolase, CD10, progesterone and β‐catenin (nuclear stain). Regarding differential diagnosis, in the patient with the ovarian mass an ovarian clear cell carcinoma was considered, as well as other germ cell tumors or metastatic carcinoma, while in the patient with a liver metastasis a neuroendocrine carcinoma was taken into account. YST and SPNP share some cytological findings, including hyaline globules, papillary structures, clear cells and intercellular eosinophilic basement membrane deposits. Thus, a detailed study and careful interpretation of the cytological, histological and immunohistochemical findings may be worthwhile to avoid a potential misdiagnosis, particularly in the cytologic specimens of the ovarian and/or intra‐abdominal mass, when involving young females. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:935–943. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pap‐tests with non‐hyperchromatic dyskariosis are often associated with squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix uteri with eosinophilic features
Authors: Bellisano Giulia , Ambrosini‐Spaltro Andrea , Faa Gavino , Ravarino Alberto , Piccin Andrea , Peer Irmgard , Kasal Armin , Vittadello Fabio , Negri Giovanni
Published: July 2016

Background

Squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix uteri with eosinophilic features (eosinophilic dysplasia, ED) are a peculiar type of dysplasia with metaplastic phenotype which was described in histological specimens. The cytological features of these lesions have not been studied yet.

Methods

Histological samples from 66 women with features of ED and positive p16INK4a staining were included in the study. Within the previous year, all women had at least one pap‐test, whose features were recorded and compared with 31 control samples with high‐grade dysplasia of usual type.

Results

The previous pap‐test showed high‐grade dysplastic cells with non‐hyperchromatic nuclei in 56/66 (84.8%) cases and metaplastic features in 60/66 (90.9%) cases. Conversely, the dysplastic cells of the usual lesions showed non‐hyperchromatic nuclei in 6/31 (19.4%) and metaplastic features in 4/31 (12.9%) cases. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in distribution of the non‐hyperchromatic nuclei (P < 0.001), metaplastic features (P < 0.001), presence of both non‐hyperchromatic nuclei and metaplastic features (P < 0.001) and usual dysplastic features (P < 0.001) among the study and control groups.

Conclusions

A high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with non‐hyperchromatic nuclei or metaplastic features is often found in the pap‐test previous to the histological diagnosis of ED and may represent the cytologic correlate of this particular type of dysplasia. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:783–786. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population genetic evidence for sex‐specific dispersal in an inbred social spider
Authors: Smith Deborah R. , Su Yong‐Chao , Berger‐Tal Reut , Lubin Yael
Published: July 2016

Dispersal in most group‐living species ensures gene flow among groups, but in cooperative social spiders, juvenile dispersal is suppressed and colonies are highly inbred. It has been suggested that such inbred sociality is advantageous in the short term, but likely to lead to extinction or reduced speciation rates in the long run. In this situation, very low levels of dispersal and gene flow among colonies may have unusually important impacts on fitness and persistence of social spiders. We investigated sex‐specific differences in dispersal and gene flow among colonies, as reflected in the genetic structure within colonies and populations of the African social spider Stegodyphus dumicola Pocock, 1898 (Eresidae). We used DNA fingerprinting and mtDNA sequence data along with spatial mapping of colonies to compare male and female patterns of relatedness within and among colonies at three study sites. Samples were collected during and shortly after the mating season to detect sex‐specific dispersal. Distribution of mtDNA haplotypes was consistent with proliferation of social nests by budding and medium‐ to long‐distance dispersal by ballooning females. Analysis of molecular variance and spatial autocorrelation analyses of AFLPs showed high levels of genetic similarity within colonies, and STRUCTURE analyses revealed that the number of source populations contributing to colonies ranged from one to three. We also showed significant evidence of male dispersal among colonies at one site. These results support the hypothesis that in social spiders, genetic cohesion among populations is maintained by long‐distance dispersal of female colony founders. Genetic diversity within colonies is maintained by colony initiation by multiple dispersing females, and adult male dispersal over short distances. Male dispersal may be particularly important in maintaining gene flow among colonies in local populations.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy guided by multimodality cardiac imaging
Authors: Bertini Matteo , Mele Donato , Malagù Michele , Fiorencis Andrea , Toselli Tiziano , Casadei Francesca , Cannizzaro Teresa , Fragale Cristina , Fucili Alessandro , Campagnolo Elena , Benea Giorgio , Ferrari Roberto
Published: July 2016

Aims

Up to 30–45% of implanted patients are non‐responders to CRT. We evaluated the role of a ‘CRT team’ using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and longitudinal myocardial strain to identify the target area defined as the most delayed and viable region for LV pacing.

Methods and results

A total of 100 heart failure patients candidates for CRT divided into two groups were enrolled. Group 1 consisted of 50 consecutive patients scheduled for CRT and prospectively included. Group 2 (control) consisted of 50 patients with a CRT device implanted according to standard clinical practice and matched for age, sex, and LVEF with group 1. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at 6‐month follow‐up. In group 1, patients underwent two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking assessment of longitudinal myocardial strain and CMR imaging to identify the target area for LV lead pacing. A positive response to CRT was defined as a reduction of ≥15% of the LV end‐systolic volume at 6‐month follow‐up. A total of 39 (78%) patients of group 1 were classified as responders to CRT whilst in group 2, only 28 (56%) were responders (P = 0.019). The ‘CRT team’ identified as target for LV pacing the lateral area in 30 (60%) patients, and the anterolateral or posterolateral areas in 12 (24%) patients. In 8 (16%) patients, the target was far from the lateral area, in the anterior or posterior areas. The patients with concordant position exhibited the highest positive response (93.1%) to CRT.

Conclusions

Multimodality cardiac imaging as a guide for CRT implantation is useful to increase response rate.
Ring‐Rearrangement‐Metathesis Approach to Polycycles: Substrate‐Controlled Stereochemical Outcome During Grignard Addition
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Ravikumar Ongolu
Published: July 2016

A variety of structurally intricate polycycles have been assembled through ruthenium‐catalysed ring‐rearrangement metathesis of norbornene derivatives. The various substrates required for this work were prepared using Diels–Alder reactions and Grignard additions as key steps. Enyne ring‐rearrangement metathesis of a norbornene system containing a propargyl moiety produced a 1,3‐diene; this was then treated with an appropriate dienophile to deliver the corresponding cycloaddition product.
Power efficiency, phase noise, and DC offset in constant envelope OFDM transceivers
Authors: Kiviranta Markku , Mämmelä Aarne , Apilo Olli
Published: July 2016

This paper considers constant envelope orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (CE‐OFDM) that is an attractive candidate for the future Long Term Evolution over satellite and device‐to‐device communications in merging public safety and commercial networks. The constant envelope modulation allows power amplifier (PA) to operate near saturation levels thus maximizing power efficiency. Because the phase noise transforms just into an additive noise term after the phase detector, the CE‐OFDM has significant advantage compared with phase noise sensitive OFDM. The transceiver power efficiency is evaluated by measuring the bit error rate as a function of average PA input signal‐to‐noise ratio so that the effects of the PA nonlinearities are taken into account in the performance evaluation. Our simulation results show that with a typical nonlinear satellite amplifier, the CE‐OFDM has up to 6.0dB gain compared with the OFDM. This is beneficial especially in a channel having high attenuation. The consistent gains for the ideally linearized amplifier and common terrestrial three‐way Doherty amplifiers are 2.2 and 2.5dB, respectively. The enhanced PA efficiency enables battery to be smaller or last longer in mobiles devices. For CE‐OFDM implementation, a simple transmitter and receiver structure with novel direct current offset removal is presented by keeping in mind that the key factor for the rapid uptake of the future fifth generation systems is the maximization of technology commonalities with existing systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alles außer gewöhnlich
Authors: Unterstell Rembert
Published: July 2016

Kieselalgen, Korallen, Eisfische: Hermann Ehrlich erforscht die Biominera­lisation von Meeresorganismen, die selbst extremsten Umständen trotzen. Sein Ziel sind innovative Biomateralien. Begegnung mit einem kreativen Spätberufenen
Mantle cell lymphoma‐variant Richter syndrome: Detailed molecular‐cytogenetic and backtracking analysis reveals slow evolution of a pre‐MCL clone in parallel with CLL over several years
Authors: Klener Pavel , Fronkova Eva , Berkova Adela , Jaksa Radek , Lhotska Halka , Forsterova Kristina , Soukup Jan , Kulvait Vojtech , Vargova Jarmila , Fiser Karel , Prukova Dana , Alam Mahmudul , Calvin Lenyeletse Maswabi Bokang , Michalova Kyra , Zemanova Zuzana , Jancuskova Tereza , Pekova Sona , Trneny Marek
Published: July 2016

Richter syndrome represents the transformation of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) into an aggressive lymphoma, most frequently the diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In this report we describe a patient with CLL, who developed a clonally‐related pleomorphic highly‐aggressive mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) after five cycles of a fludarabine‐based second‐line therapy for the first relapse of CLL. Molecular cytogenetic methods together with whole‐exome sequencing revealed numerous gene alterations restricted to the MCL clone (apart from the canonical t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation) including gain of one copy of ATM gene or emergence of TP53, CREBBP, NUP214, FUBP1 and SF3B1 gene mutations. Similarly, gene expression analysis revealed vast differences between the MCL and CLL transcriptome, including overexpression of cyclin D1, downregulation of cyclins D2 and D3, or downregulation of IL4R in the MCL clone. Backtracking analysis using quantitative PCR specifically detecting an MCL‐restricted focal deletion of TP53 revealed that the pre‐MCL clone appeared in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of the patient approximately 4 years before the clinical manifestation of MCL. Both molecular cytogenetic and sequencing data support the hypothesis of a slow development of the pre‐MCL clone in parallel to CLL over several years, and thereby exclude the possibility that the transformation event occurred at the stage of the CLL relapse clone by mere t(11;14)(q13;q32) acquisition.