bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS BIAYA OPERASIONAL UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI LABA BERSIH PADA PT. HOLCIM INDONESIA Tbk.
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Nurhayati Mrs.
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aims to determine the effect of operating costs on net income at PT. Holcim Indonesia Tbk. This type of research is quantitative with the type of data used is secondary data in the form of the company's income statement for the last 5 years. Data analysis techniques used are operational cost analysis, simple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination and hypothesis testing (t test 2 parties). The results showed that operational costs did not have a significant effect on net income because this t value was smaller than t table (-1.540 <2.262) with a sig value of 0.221. Based on the calculation of the correlation coefficient of 0.664 with a strong degree of entanglement and the value of the coefficient of determination of 44.1% which shows that the contribution of the influence of operating cost variables to net income is 44.1% and the remaining 55.9% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. Keywords: Operating Costs; Net Profit
PENGARUH CITRA MEREK DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN MELALUI VARIABEL KEPUASAN PELANGGAN
Authors: Mahsyar Januar Habibi
Published: February 2021

Abstract�PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) as a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) which carries out the mission of postal mail and postal parcel courier services in Indonesia with premium products, Special Express Post is a delivery service with a maximum travel time of 4 days that reaches the recipient quickly, precise, safe and reach all parts of Indonesia. One strategy to foster customer satisfaction that leads to customer loyalty is the formation of a brand image and the best possible service quality in the minds of postal customers.The research method used in this research is descriptive verification with a quantitative approach, to determine the significant relationship between the variables of brand image, service quality to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The population in this study were customers of the Kuningan Post Office, users of special express mail delivery services, amounting to 1,769. Techniques and data sources were obtained from literature studies and questionnaires to 298 respondents who were designated as samples with a significance level of 5%.The results of the hypothesis test indicate that the variables of brand image and service quality partially have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction variables partially have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Brand image variables partially have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Service quality variable partially does not have a significant effect on customer loyalty. Simultaneously, brand image and service quality have a positive effect on customer satisfaction and loyalty.�Keywords: Brand Image; Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty.
Take-out food frequency was associated with energy intake among mothers of young children in urban slum area in North Jakarta
Authors: Birahmatika Fitya Safira , Chandra Dian Novita , Wiradnyani Luh Ade Ari
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Inadequate energy intake was prevalent among women of reproductive age, which may contribute to poor diet. Having great concern towards health and nutrition may play a role in shaping eating habit and food-related behavior to achieve a healthy diet. This study aims to examine the association between health concern and energy intake, while considering other factors such as cooking frequency and having food away from home.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban slum area in Jakarta, involving 233 mothers of young children through consecutive sampling. Data was collected through interview using structured questionnaire, including 2x24-hour dietary recall. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20.Results: Energy intake of most subjects did not meet the recommendation. There was no significant correlation between health concern measured by General Health Interest Scale and energy intake. The frequency of having take-out food was a significant predictor of the energy intake. Additionally, a significant negative correlation between health concern and having take-out food was found.Conclusion: Having take-out food was associated with energy intake. Provision of health and nutrition information in the food stores might help to increase health concern to shape a healthier diet. Thus, a collaborative effort targeting both food sellers and customers is essential.
The role of nutrtion in children with celiac disease
Authors: Kadim Muzal
Published: February 2021

Celiac disease, a permanent, irreversible but treatable disease  is an autoimmune disease triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals, also known as celiac sprue and gluten sensitive enteropathy.  Recent findingsIntestinal inflammation and villous atrophy in small intestines by permanent intolerance to gluten in celiac disesea leads to seveare malabsorption. About 20%-38%  patients were basically nutritionally imbalance secondary malabsorption due to mucosal damage. Nutrition plays a very important role in the management of celiac disease. Gluten free diet must be balanced to cover nutrient requirements to prevent deficiencies and ensure children’s health, growth and development.Conclusion Gluten-free diet is the only accepted and available treatment in CD. It was a life-long treatment, if not carried out with attention, it may lead to nutritional imbalance which can affect children’s growth and development
Food avoidance behaviour among children aged 2 – 6 years in North Jakarta and its correlation with weight and energy intake
Authors: Putri Alfi Rahma , Chandra Dian Novita , Wiradnyani Luh Ade Ari
Published: February 2021

Background: Children generally facing food avoidance or food refusal behaviour and it may affect their food consumption. But there is limited information on food avoidance behaviour among Indonesian children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether energy intake and body weight are influenced by food avoidance behaviour in children aged 2-6 years in North Jakarta.Methods: Participants (N=168) were recruited between February – March 2020. Data collection was obtained via interviews with the mother or caregiver of the children. Food avoidance behaviour consisting of satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, emotional under-eating, and food fussiness was measured with the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. The child’s weight and dietary intake were assessed using a digital weighing scale and 2 x 24 hours food recall. Spearman test was performed to analyse the correlation between these variables. Multivariate analysis was done using linear regression to determine predictors of a child’s body weight and energy intake.Results: Energy intake among children was below the recommendation, and it was significantly correlated with the child’s body weight. Satiety responsiveness was negatively correlated with the child’s body weight (r = -0.166; p-value < 0.05) and energy intake (r = -0.210; p-value < 0.05). After running a linear regression test, we found that satiety responsiveness along with family income and child’s age was a significant predictor of energy intake among children.Conclusions: Children who are more responsive to satiety had lower body weight and energy intake. Understanding the child’s food avoidance behaviour is useful for designing intervention programs related to optimizing intake in children and malnutrition.
The importance of school snacks for primary school-aged children nutritional support as the foundation of Sekolah Generasi Maju in Indonesia
Authors: Bardosono Saptawati , Pansawira Pittara
Published: February 2021

As a developing country, Indonesia is still burdened with high prevalence of child malnutrition including those in primary school. One of the main factors affecting nutritional status of children is snack consumption in school. School snacks are expected to be able to contribute to nutritional requirements. This narrative review is written to collect information and knowledge regarding nutritional status, nutritional requirements, factors determining nutritional status of primary school children and, lastly, recommended school snacks. This review also acts as a basic information for school snacks program establishment.
Helicobacter pylori e a atuação odontológica: revisão de literatura
Authors: Melo Maria Karoline Santos Silva , Umbelino Alicya Morghana Silva , Peixoto Isabela Braga , Canuto Laryssa Costa , De Oliveira Ana Luiza Pontes , Marroquim Olívia Maria Guimarães , Nóbrega Diego Figueiredo , Peixoto Marcílio Otávio Brandão , Peixoto Fernanda Braga
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Informar sobre a importância do trabalho odontológico na prevenção e tratamento da infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori. Revisão bibliográfica: Helicobacter pylori é uma bactéria gram-negativa que infecta humanos e tem potencial carcinogênico. As principais vias de transmissão desse patógeno são por meio de água ou alimentos contaminados ou via oral-oral. Normalmente, esse microrganismo se instala no estômago, porém a cavidade oral pode abrigá-lo temporariamente em nichos do biofilme dentário e gengival, saliva, língua, sulcos e até mesmo em condições relacionadas a processos inflamatórios como periodontites e úlceras aftosas. Assim, o H. pylori pode ser transmitido de um indivíduo para outro pela via oral-oral ou mesmo causar reinfecção em um paciente já infectado. Portanto, o controle especializado do biofilme dentário é um fator importante na prevenção e tratamento da infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori. Considerações finais: O tratamento da infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori deve ser realizado de forma interdisciplinar entre o médico e o cirurgião-dentista, a fim de prevenir a transmissão do patógeno por via oral-oral e a reinfecção do paciente.
Walking in your grandfather’s footsteps”: kinship and knowledge transmission among the Juǀ’hoansi (Namibia)
Authors: Ninkova Velina , Hays Jennifer
Published: February 2021

« Marcher sur les pas de son grand-père »: parenté et transmission du savoir chez les Juǀ’hoansi (Namibie). Les récentes approches sur l’apprentissage chez les peuples chasseurs-cueilleurs actuels ou chez les post-chasseurs-cueilleurs examinent les rôles respectifs de la transmission verticale et horizontale du savoir. L’organisation de la parenté et l’organisation sociale chez les Juǀ’hoansi de Namibie nous encouragent à privilégier une approche alternative pour comprendre les modalités de transmission du savoir. Dans cet article, nous pointons deux variables essentielles : le lien de parenté (relation d’homonymie) et le type de savoir (compétences pratiques versus normes sociales). Nous démontrons que les liens de parenté font l’objet d’un apprentissage actif et que les homonymies sont motrices en tant que modèles dans l’acquisition des normes sociales de la société Juǀ’hoan. En revanche, les compétences pratiques sont acquises sur des périodes plus longues dans une ambiance détendue auprès d’adultes accompagnants, le plus souvent les parents. Par le biais de ces processus, les enfants jouent un rôle actif dans ce processus d’apprentissage et deviennent des partenaires importants dans les relations réciproques basées sur la parenté.
Characteristics of arterial hypertension clinical course in patients with obesity and anxiety-depressive disorders
Authors: Vasyuk Yuri A. , Dovzhenko Tatiana V. , Dubrovskaya Tatiana I. , Nesterova Elena A. , Shupenina Elena Y.
Published: February 2021

This article covers an important subject clinical course of arterial hypertension in patients with metabolic abnormalities with obesity and anxiety-depressive disorders. Relevance of this topic is defined with high incidence of each aforementioned conditions and their influence on quality of life and social functioning of patients. Review of literature covers subjects of comorbidity and multimorbidity. Relevant data are presented which are focusing on complex management of arterial hypertension co-existing with obesity and anxiety-depressive disorders.
Prevalence of ischemic heart disease depending on factors of psychoemotional stress among men of mature age (epidemiological study)
Authors: Akimova Ekaterina V. , Akimov Mikhail Y. , Kayumova Marina M. , Gafarov Valery V.
Published: February 2021

Aim. To establish associations of the prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and factors of psychoemotional stress in men of the open urban population in the age group 4564 years after two decades of life.
Materials and methods. A cross-sectional epidemiological study using a model of the city of Tyumen was conducted on a representative sample of the population among males of mature age (4564 years). Based on standard epidemiological methods, IHD was established according to strict epidemiological criteria definite IHD. The study of the factors of psycho-emotional stress (depression, hostility, life exhaustion) was carried out according to the algorithms of the World Health Organization program MONICA-psychosocial. When calculating the odds ratio for the development of IHD, a low level of psycho-emotional stress factors was regarded as the absence of a sign, a combination of medium and high levels as a presence.
Results. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease in the open population (on the model of Tyumen) according to strict epidemiological criteria in men aged 4554 years was 8.2%, at the age of 5564 years 19.2%, a predominance of painless form of ischemic heart disease was revealed. According to the levels of factors of psychoemotional stress in mature men, mainly the average level of depression and life exhaustion, a high level of hostility were established. In men of an open population (on the model of Tyumen), depending on the psychoemotional stress, a high risk of developing a certain coronary heart disease was established in the age categories 4554 and 5564 years old in the presence of depression, at the age of 5564 years in the presence of hostility or life exhaustion.
Conclusion. Consequently, the data obtained indicate the importance of further studying the factors of psychoemotional stress in men of mature age in Siberian populations, their relationships with conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease, as well as the advisability of preventive measures aimed at weakening the influence of not only conventional risk factors, but also factors of psycho-emotional stress. among the Russian population.
Refractory and resistant hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: differences in metabolic profile and endothelial function
Authors: Falkovskaya Alla Y. , Mordovin Victor F. , Pekarskiy Stanislav E. , Ripp Tatiana M. , Manukyan Mushegh A. , Lichikaki Valeria A. , Zyubanova Irina V. , Sitkova Ekaterina S. , Gusakova Anna M. , Ryabova Tamara R.
Published: February 2021

Aim. To determine the prevalence of refractory hypertension (RfH) in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as to evaluate whether diabetic patients with RfH significant differ from those with uncontrolled resistant hypertension (RH) in clinical phenotype, metabolic profile and endothelial function.
Materials and methods. The study included 193 patients with RH: RH 74 patients with diabetes and 119 patients without DM. Uncontrolled RH and RfH were defined by the presence of uncontrolled blood pressure BP (140 and/or 90 mm Hg) despite the use of 3 but 5 antihypertensive drugs (for RH) and 5 antihypertensive drugs, including a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (for RfH). Clinical examination, lab tests were performed. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and vasoreactivity of middle cerebral artery (MCA) using both breath-holding and hyperventilation test were measured by high-resolution ultrasound.
Results. The prevalence of refractory hypertension in patients with and without DM was similar (30% vs 28%, respectively). No differences in BP levels, data of echocardiography and clinical phenotype were found between the diabetic groups, but value of HOMA index, plasma resistin level and postprandial glycaemia were higher in patients with RfH. FMD and MCA reactivity to the breath-holding test were worse in patients with RfH, and they had a more pronounced vasoconstrictor response of MCA to the hyperventilation test compared to patients with RH.
Conclusion. The prevalence of RfH is the same in patients with and without diabetes. Diabetic patients with refractory hypertension have a more unfavorable metabolic profile and greater impairment of endothelial function than patients with uncontrolled resistant hypertension.
Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in diagnostics, risk and severity evaluation of magistral vessels lesion in patients with cardio-vascular diseases and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Verner Vladimir A. , Mel’nik Maria V. , Knjazeva Svetlana A.
Published: February 2021

Assesment of arterial stiffness the substantional prognostic factor for evaluating complications of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with atherosclerosis, hypertension and type 2 diabetes, may be performed using different parameters, including cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). The main purpose of this review is to analyze data from studies where CAVI is used to test the arterial wall stiffness in magistral vessels. CAVI measurement is non-invasive and performed by portable devices which makes it comfortable for ambulatory use in patients who come for a check-up and also in those who already are hospitalized. It does not require any special knowledge from investigator and the test lasts a couple of minutes long. CAVI does not depend on blood pressure changes and is more specific in structural changes of arterial wall assessment than brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). CAVI shows considerable correlation with markers of CVD like atherosclerotic plaques in vessels, diastolic disfunction of left ventricle and angina pectoris. CAVI may be used for early monitoring and assessing the lesions of target organs in patients with atherosclerosis, chronic hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Establishing CAVI as a standart parameter in assessing patients who are at risk of CVD can help to improve complications prevention, reduce mortality and prolong their lifespan.
Territorial Disputes between China and Southeast Asian Countries in the XXI Century as a Source of Domestic Political Benefits for PRC
Authors:   Baikal State University, Rinchinov A. B.
Published: February 2021

The article highlights some aspects of territorial disputes of China with Vietnam and India. The author described the Chinese general public reaction on the border incidents with Vietnam, India, and Japan. The examples given by the author indicate that PRC government performs differently in each of the territorial disputes mentioned. The author has given possible reasons for different tactics used by China’s leadership in various crisis situations.
A Return to Tohunga Suppression Act 1907
Authors: Stephens Māmari
Published: February 2021

In this article the author revisits the Tohunga Suppression Act 1907 to provide a fresh analysis of the rationale for its passage and subsequent operation.  The author challenges the traditional of the passage of the Act as a catalyst to improve Maori health and as a political weapon against the prophet Rua Kenana.  Rather, the author suggests that the primary intent of the Tohunga Suppression Act was to assert certainty and political dominance at a time both were seen to be absent.  The motives of the Maori members in supporting the passage of the bill are also discussed.  The article further analyses the operation of the Act.  In particular, the pivotal role of the Maori Councils in giving effect to the Act is highlighted as is the cautious approach of the judiciary.  In light of these aspects of the Act's operation, the author questions the effectiveness of the Act in achieving its proponents aims.
Morphological Peculiarities of Trophic Ulcers of Venous Etiology after Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors:   Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine Bukovinian State Medical University. 2, Theatralna Sq., Chernivtsi 58002, Ukraine, Olinik Y. V. , Dombrovskiy D. B. , Davydenko I. S.
Published: February 2021

The aim. The research deals with analysis of the degree of regenerative processes activity in patients with trophic venous ulcers of the lower extremities that do not heal for a long time on the background of cell transplantation of cord blood stem cells and without. The study involved 32 patients with long-term non-healing trophic venous ulcers of venous etiology. Results and discussion. The study results showed that the healing process of the main group patients began in the first days after transplantation to reduce pericellular edema and inflammatory hyperemia of the soft tissues around the ulcer. When examining the histological features of the central skin ulcers of patients in the control group on the fifth day after treatment, we found out that the bottom surface of the ulcers was covered with homogeneous masses of the type of fibrinoid necrosis. Ulcers had a variable depth, in some places reached the fiber, with sweat and sebaceous glands, hair follicles in the course of defects were completely destroyed, in these places there were hemorrhages and young granulation tissue. In patients of the main group, the surface of the bottom of the ulcer was covered with homogeneous masses of fibrinoid necrosis, but the masses of fibrinoid necrosis were visually expressed three times less than in the control group, but the most important was that they always alternated with "veins" consisting of cells type of lymphoid. Immunohistochemical analysis for Willebrand factor in patients of the main group revealed unevenly scattered small compact groups of positively stained cells, which should be evaluated as foci of neoplasms of blood vessels more evenly distributed among the blood vessels of granulation tissue, in contrast to the control group. On the 14th day of the clinical study at the bottom of the ulcer in the main group there were morphological signs of better maturation of granulation tissue, as seen by more uniform and intensive processes of collagen fiber formation (increase in specific volume of collagen fibers) and blood vessels (decrease in specific volume of blood vessels) and the maturation of lymphoid (polypotent) cells into fibroblasts with more complete production of vimentin in them and endothelial cells with more complete production of Willebrand factor in them. It should be noted that there was a more complete resorption of fibrinoid necrosis masses in the main observation group compared to the control group of patients, which should also contribute to faster and more complete healing of the ulcer
Diagnosis of Regional Blood Origin in Sexual Violence during Pandemic COVID-2019
Authors:   OO Bohomolets National Medical University. 13, T. Shevchenko Boulevard, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Babkina O. P. , Varukha K. V.
Published: February 2021

The article indicates that Ukraine has significantly approached European standards in terms of preventing domestic violence and observing women's rights, legal assistance is provided at the legislative level. However, due to the increase in cases of domestic violence, especially sexual violence in emergency situations, including in quarantine conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the issues of preventing and combating domestic violence require special attention and further solutions. The timely conduct of forensic medical examinations in order to identify the presence of injuries with the subsequent fixation of the facts of domestic violence, especially sexual violence, provides significant assistance to justice in the investigation of crimes. In cases of sexual violence against women, in addition to fixing external injuries, it is also necessary to pay attention to the study of objects of biological origin, identification by species, sex, regional, organ or cellular identity. Material and methods. The study material was dried on gauze menstrual blood, taken from practically healthy women and women who have inflammatory diseases of the external genital organs, aged 18 to 45 with a normal menstrual cycle. In forensic practice, this method is new. Results and discussion. The obtained results allowed recommending this method for the forensic medical determination of the regional origin of blood. As a result of our research, we found the dependence of PGF2α content, firstly, on the age of women, and secondly, on the regional origin of the fluid. It should be noted that the content of PGF2α in vaginal fluid, menstrual blood and capillary blood in women of reproductive age, has an age feature, its content is higher by 6-12% for women aged 30-45 years. Thus, in women 30-45 years the content of PGF2α was always, in all fluids, higher than in women 18-29 years (p <0.001): in vaginal fluid it increased by 11%; in menstrual blood it was by 6% higher; in capillary blood it increased by 3%. PGF2α was the highest in menstrual blood compared to vaginal fluid and capillary blood. Moreover, this trend was true for women of both ages: in women aged 30-45, the content of PGF2α was 2.6 times higher in menstrual blood than in capillary, and 1.4 times more than in vaginal fluid; in women aged 18-29, the content of PGF2α was 2.7 times higher in menstrual blood than in capillary, and 1.5 times higher than in vaginal fluid. Thus, we obtained statistically significant indicators that indicated the possibility of establishing the menstrual origin of the blood by the quantitative content of PG F2α. Conclusion. In our opinion, the content of PGF2α above 13.1 ng / mg of dry tissue was a reliable sign of menstrual blood, which was of great diagnostic value in the differential diagnosis of regional origin of objects of biological origin (blood) in cases of sexual violence / sexual crimes
The Influence of Long-Term Change in the Light Regime on the Level of Sex Hormones in Rats’ Blood
Authors:   HS Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University. 2, Valentinovskaya St., Kharkiv 61168, Ukraine, Мamotenko A. V.
Published: February 2021

The modern lifestyle of many people takes place in conditions of "light pollution". Prolongation of the photoperiod not only inhibits the synthesis and secretion of melatonin (universal endogenous adaptogen), but also causes induction of anovulation and promotes premature puberty and premature aging, which may occur against the background of impaired secretion of sex hormones. The purpose of the study was to examine the long-term change in the light regime to the level of sex hormones, testosterone and estradiol in the blood plasma of rats. The experiment was performed on 120 Wistar rats. According to the nature of the action and intensity of lighting, we formed 3 groups (20 rats in each): K – control (intact), the animals of which were in natural light; group 12/12 – under the influence of artificial lighting for 12 hours a day: from 6 am to 6 pm and group 24/00 – under the influence of noctidial artificial lighting. Artificial lighting was carried out with an incandescent lamp with a power of 100 watts. The light intensity in the cages, which was measured using a Yu-117 luxmeter, was 40-50 lux. The content of free testosterone and estradiol was determined in the blood plasma of rats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed by methods of mathematical statistics. A statistically significant difference in averages was established using Student's test (t). The changes were considered significant at p≤0.05. While processing the obtained data, the ratio of testosterone/estradiol was calculated, the median estimate was given, and the oscillation ranges were 25-75% of the intervals. The study proved that in males, the change in light regime caused a statistically significant decrease in free testosterone levels and an increase in estradiol in plasma, while in females the opposite changes were observed. Hypertestosteronemia in females and hypotestosteronemia in males with changes in estradiol levels were also shown to be adaptive responses to the changes in the photoperiod. We found out that a statistically significant decrease in the ratio of testosterone/ estradiol in males (in the 12/12 group by 42.6%; in the 24/00 group – by 65%) and its increase in females (in the 12/12 group by 60.6%, in the 24/00 group – by 79%), were probably compensatory reactions to the stress factor, which was a long-term change in lighting. In general, a higher range of testosterone/estradiol index deviations in 24-hour rats (24/00) indicated that they had a more acute stress response to changes in lighting and reduced adaptability. This "adaptation fee" is generally aimed at survival, but leads to sexual dysfunction in rats
Correlation Differences between Sex and Stress Hormones in Men And Women
Authors: Popova L. D. , Vasylyeva I. M. , Nakonechna O. A.
Published: February 2021

The excessive aggression is an actual problem of modern society but the mechanisms of aggressiveness development have not been sufficiently investigated. Women aggression is considered to differ from men one and results obtained on males cannot be extrapolated on females. Sex hormones have a crucial role in the generation of sexually dimorphic aggression circuits during development and their maintenance during adulthood. Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and sympathoadrenal system are major neuroendocrine systems that respond to stress. Stress hormones are involved into behavioral reactions of organism. Gonadal, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axes, and sympathoadrenal system are tightly interrelated and every of them can influence another one. The purpose of the study was to estimate correlation differences between sex and stress hormones in men and women. Material and methods. Forty healthy young people aged 18 to 22 years with a body mass index of 19-24 (21 women and 19 men) were enrolled in the study. Hormone levels in blood serum were determined by Testosterone, Estradiol, Cortisol ELISA kits (Italy), Epinephrine/Norepinephrine (EPI) ELISA kit (China). Results and discussion. In all phases of the menstrual cycle, the level of cortisol in women was lower than in men, but in the luteal phase these differences were not statistically significant. In all phases of the menstrual cycle, the blood serum norepinephrine content in women was lower than in men, but in the follicular phase these differences were not statistically significant. The level of epinephrine in women during ovulation and luteal phase did not differ from the level of epinephrine in men, but in follicular phase it was significantly lower. Calculations of correlations between individual hormones revealed a significant difference between them in men and women. Positive correlations between testosterone and estradiol and between cortisol and epinephrine; a strong negative correlation between epinephrine and testosterone/norepinephrine ratio were found in men. Positive correlation between testosterone and cortisol and negative correlation between estradiol and cortisol/testosterone ratio were revealed in women. Conclusion. In women, strong correlations were found between cortisol and sex hormones; in men, strong interrelationship was revealed between cortisol and epinephrine. Both in men and in women (in all phases of the menstrual cycle), high positive correlations between testosterone/norepinephrine and cortisol/norepinephrine ratios were observed
Influence of Examınatıon Stress on Vegetatıve Indıcators ff 17-21-Year-Old Students-Phlegmatıcs
Authors:   Ganja State University. 429, Hedyar Aliev Ave., Ganja AZ2001, Azerbaijan Republic, Rustamova T. V.
Published: February 2021

Exam stress is one of the numerous causes of complex psychophysiological stress in students. One of the modern problems of electrophysiology is the study of the action mechanism of high levels of anxiety in students during and after the examination. The speed of development of the lifestyle of young people and an increase in the level of stress in the environment lead to a change in the relationship in the adaptive function of the body and the emergence of various kinds of deviations. Examination stress is accompanied by the emergence of many complex neurophysiological changes in the body, which negatively affects the life of young men. In all cases, young people strive to achieve their goals, which in itself leads to emotional stress. One of them is the study of the functioning of the nervous system during emotional stress and clarification of the role of various types of the higher nervous system in this. Despite a comprehensive study of this problem, this issue still remains relevant, and the study of the mechanisms of the anxiety process continues. The article presents the results of changes in the level of situational and personal anxiety of the examination process on the indicators of the autonomic nervous system in I and V year students, at the age of 17-21 years, having a type of phlegmatism. Before the beginning of the experiment, the type of temperament was determined by G. Eisenk test. Material and methods. To determine the level of situational and personal anxiety (emotional tension) of 17–21-year-olds, having the phlegmatic type of temperament, we used the method of expressive test two days before the exam, 30 minutes before the exam and 30 minutes after the exam. In all three groups, arterial pressure was measured using the Korotkova method and pulpator method of determining the heart rate per minute. Vegetative tone was calculated based on the Kerdo vegetative index. Results and discussion. The obtained results showed that 17-year-old phlegmatics-first-year students observed differences between the frequencies of cardiac contraction and arterial pressure two days before the exam, 30 minutes before the exam and 30 minutes after the exam. In all groups, the test had a sympathetic character, which testifies to the superiority of the sympathetic nervous system in the duration of the entire examination period. In 21-year-old students-phlegmatics course-vegetative indicators in two days before the exam, 30 minutes before the exam and 30 minutes after the exam differred slightly in comparison with 17-year-olds. Similarly, the Kerdo vegetative index of the 17-year-old students-phlegmatics and 21-year-old students-phlegmatics in all groups had the sympathetic character. This is also evidence of the prevalence of a sympathetic disorder of the sympathetic process used to optimize academic performance, correction of exam stress and protection of students' health
The Influence of Health Education with Social Support Methods on Knowledge and Attitudes in Preventing Drug Abuse in Street Children Communities in Taman Bungkul Surabaya
Authors: Dewi Nur Hidayahtul , Reliani Reliani , Y Fathiya Luthfil , Isnaini Isnaini
Published: February 2021

Background: Street children are at risk when they are on the streets, such as using drugs, free sex, using tattoos, piercing, and being infected with HIV. Conditions such as lack of self-confidence, having unstable emotions, which are owned by street children, make them easily influenced by other people and tend to engage in anti-social behavior such as fighting, stealing, seizing, using Drugs (Alcohol, Psychotropic Narcotics, Addictive Substances) and running a drug business, and casual sex behavior.Purpose: to conduct research on the Effect of Health Education with Social Support Methods on Knowledge and Attitudes in Preventing Drug Abuse in Street Children Communities in Taman Bungkul Surabaya.Methods: Pre-experimental research design with one group pretest-posttest.Results: In the street children's group in Taman Bungkul Surabaya, the respondent's awareness of preventing substance abuse before and after obtaining health education has improved the category of knowledge and attitude from less to appropriate or nice. The attitude of street children before and after being given health education with social support methods in preventing drug abuse in the street children community in Taman Bungkul Surabaya has a mostly positive attitude change.Conclusion: There is an effect of health education with social support methods in preventing drug abuse in street children communities in Taman Bungkul Surabaya.
Comparison of Platelet Levels between Preeclampsia and Eclampsia Patients at Wiyung Sejahtera Hospital, Surabaya
Authors: Fortuna Maudy Sintya Reyke , Dwi Ariningtyas Ninuk , Nurida Annisa , Salim Ambar Nabil
Published: February 2021

Background: Indonesia is a developing country with a high maternal mortality rate (MMR) and perinatal mortality, the third highest in ASEAN and the second highest in the South East Asian Nation Regional Organization. In pregnancy hypertension has been proven that oxidants, especially if increased fat peroxide will damage endothelial cells called endothelial dysfunction. Vasospasm that occurs also induces platelet integration and endothelial damage which adds to the contribution in maintaining platelet dysfunction and triggering the use of platelets. Thrombocytopenia is the most important sign of the severity of preeclampsia.Objective: to determine the comparison of platelet levels in patients with preeclampsia with eclampsia.Methode: This study was observational cross sectional method. The sample in this study was a total sampling, using purposive sampling of patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia at the Wiyung Sejahtera Hospital in January-December 2019. The instrument used was using secondary data of medical records of patients.Results: Patients with preeclampsia have a minimum platelet level of 301,000/mm3, a maximum of 415,000/mm3, and an average of 351,733.33/mm3 with a standard deviation of 33,552.66/mm3. Patients with eclampsia have a minimum platelet level of 122,000/mm3, a maximum of 281,000/mm3, and an average of 209,200/mm3 with a standard deviation of 42,465.45/mm3. There are significant differences in platelet levels of patients with preeclampsia with eclampsia(p <0.05)..Conclusion: there is a significant difference between the platelet levels of patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia.
Anopheles Mosquito Species in Betung Bedarah, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province
Authors: Maloha Maas M , Ratnaningrum Kanti
Published: February 2021

Background: Indonesia is a tropical country which is a good breeding ground for mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are still one of arthropods that contribute to occurrence of infectious diseases, including malaria, which is a disease that is a health problem in Jambi Province.Objective: To determine types of Anopheles mosquito spesies in Betung Bedarah Tebo, Jambi.Methods: A discriptif study to identifed distribution of mosquitoes in Betung Bedarah, Tebo Regency used human landing collection and resting collection methods. Collection of mosquito samples used an aspirator and light trap. Analysis used tabulation.Results: Of the 64 mosquitoes collected, 25% were Anopheles mosquitoes which consisted of 43.7% Anopheles barbirostris, 25% Anopheles vagus, 18.7% Anopheles aconitus, and 12.6% Anopheles kochi.Conclusion: Most of mosquito species collected at Betung Berdarah Tebo were Anopheles barbirostris.
“Party Work Lapses”: Crisis Phenomena in the RCP (B) Organizations in the Vyatka Gubernia in Late 1918 - the First Half of 1919: From Archival Materials
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russian Federation, Timkin Yuri N.
Published: February 2021

The article draws on archival materials of the State Archive of the Kirov Region and those of the State Archive of Social and Political History of the Kirov Region to examine the development of uezd organizations of the ARCP (B) in the Vyatka gubernia in late 1918 and the first half of 1919. In late 1918 the Vyatka gubernia became the Civil War battleground. When Perm was taken, the White Guard began to threaten Vyatka. Meanwhile, the political situation in the gubernia was tense; peasants, townspeople, and workers had their grievances against the Bolshevik policies. The existing uezd organizations of the ARCP (B) were unprepared to work in the immediate battle area. Fearing for the fate of the Eastern front, the Central Committee of the party sent a commission to Vyatka headed by Stalin and Dzerzhinsky. It was to carry out a wide range of measures to reorganize party and Soviet work. The power was taken by the Military Revolutionary Committee. The novelty of the study is in the fact that archival materials are used to assess the circumstances of the ARCP (B) organizations. These circumstances can be defined as those of a permanent crisis; the party organizations were ill-adapted to the extraordinary conditions of the Civil War. The narrowing of the party’s social base caused, first of all, by food policies forced the gubernia committee to cleanse party organizations and staff them up with well trusted personnel. The author has introduced into scientific use some previously unknown facts. The analysis of archival material allows to conclude that party work lapsed because party organizations seemed ineffective in the days of the anti-Soviet uprisings of summer and autumn of 1918 and while the Civil War raged. Conflicts, squabbles, intra-party struggles became an everyday occurrence. Party organizations constantly faced infiltration of persons with opposing views who sought to avoid mobilization or improve their financial situation.
Demographic Processes in the Southern Urals in 1920s-1930s
Authors:   Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russian Federation, Khisamutdinova Ravilya R. , Azhigulova Albina I. ,   Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

In the study of demographic processes, regional approach is extremely important, as it allows to trace general patterns, as well as peculiarities in vital statistics. The article deals with vital statistics of the South Ural region in the period between official Soviet censuses of 1926 and of 1939; it studies both internal and external factors. General-logical methods of induction and deduction are used to consider vital statistics nationwide and in each subject of the Southern Urals as well. Historical methods (i.e., problem-chronological, historical-comparative) allow to conduct research in accordance with historical sequence and to identify main features of demographic processes in administrative divisions. General scientific and historical methods allow to study year-by-year vital statistics in the Orenburg and Chelyabinsk regions and the Bashkir Autonomous Republic. Inaccessibility of sources on the 20th century demography to most researchers has had its negative impact on the scientific view on Soviet vital statistics. The authors strive to identify features of vital statistics of the Southern Urals in 1920s-1930s. The case-study has proved that Soviet economic and political reforms of the period had a significant impact on the demographic balance in the Southern Urals. Year-by-year comparison of rural and urban population dynamics over 13 years between two censuses suggests compensatory natural movement of the population in the pre-war period. The authors conclude that intra-regional features can be associated with rapid development of industry in the Chelyabinsk region in the days of the pre-war five-year plans. It resulted in predominance of urban population over rural population in the Chelyabinsk region, in a radical departure from the tendency in agricultural areas of the Southern Urals (Bashkiria and the Orenburg region). The results of the study can be used in textbooks and monographs on demography, as well as in special courses on Russian demography or demography of the Southern Urals.
“Truthful Record of the Qing Dynasty”: Peculiarities of Acquisition and Structure of the Monument
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, Bazarov Boris V. , Sundueva Ekaterina V. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, Tsyrenov Chingis Ts. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, Nolev Evgenii V. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

Based on generalization of the Russian, Mongolian, and Chinese scholarship, the article presents a structural characterization of the Qingshilu (“Truthful record of the Qing dynasty”), historical monument of the Manchu rule over China. The authors describe the complex process its creation in great detail. The analysis clarifies the issue of identifying the language of the primary source, which, in turn, increases opportunities of revealing the full potential of the historical and cultural heritage of the multilingual variants of the manuscript. Having studied historiographical discourse on the correlation between multilingual variants of Qingshilu in the historical works in Old Mongolian, Manchu, and Chinese, the authors conclude that it is possible to turn up new data on the history and culture of the Mongolian peoples of the Qing period by scrutinizing the materials of the 2“Truthful record of the Qing dynasty” published in 2013 in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China on the basis of the Mongolian variant of the Qingshilu. Concerning the structure of the Qingshilu, discrepancies in assessments of its total volume should be noted. Following the analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature on the “Truthful record of the Qing dynasty,” a need has emerged to demarcate notions of semantically close terms reflecting the structure of the monument. Since in the source studies on the Qingshilu corpus there is no uniform and well-formed terminological tradition, the authors offer a system of terms and notions developed on the basis of refined description of the language of the original oeuvre. Such system is necessary for correct analysis and description of the sizeable and multilayered structure of the Qingshilu corpus. An attempt has been made to reconstruct the contents and determine places where all sets of the manuscript books of the Qing chronicle are kept.