bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maksiller Sinüs Patolojilerinin ve Schneider Membran Değişikliklerinin Odontojenik Faktörlerle İlişkisinin Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKKEMİK KIPÇAK Özlem
Published: November 2021

Amaç: Bu kesitsel çalışmada Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografik görüntülerde posterior maksilladaki odontojenik faktörler ile Schneiderian membran değişikliklerinin kontrol ve vaka gruplarında karşılaştırmalı araştırılması ve farklı derecedeki mukoza hiperplazilerinin ilişkili olduğu dental bulguların ortaya konması amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Çalışmada 16-68 yaş aralığındaki 63 hastanın 126 Konik Işın Bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntüsü retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Maksiller sinüs (MS) lezyonları enfeksiyoz değişiklikler (mukozal hiperplazi, psödokist), retansiyon kisti, polip ve inferior MS pnömatizasyonu olarak ayrıldı. Odontojen faktörler apikal peridontitis, kanal tedavisi, periodontal kemik kaybı, diş köklerinin MS içine protrüzyonu ve oro-antral fistül olarak kaydedildi. Cinsiyet ve yaş grupları ile patolojik bulgular arasındaki korelasyon hesaplandı. Veriler SPSS programı ile incelendi. Grup karşılaştırmalarında Ki-kare testi ve Mann Whitney-U test kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Patolojide saptanan MS prevelansı %49,3’idi. En sık karşılaşılan lezyon enfeksiyöz değişikliklerdi (%39,7) ve en sık periodontal kemik kaybı ile ilişkiliydi (%34,9). MS duvarı ile temasta en çok maksiller ikinci molar diş bulundu. Diş köklerinin protrüzyonu en çok birinci ve ikinci maksiller molar dişlerde izlendi. Apikal peridontitis ve kanal tedavisi gruplar arası farklılık göstermedi.
Sonuç: Cinsiyet, asemptomatik hastalarda mukozal hiperplaziyi etkileyen önemli bir parametre olabilir. Periodontal durum, MS mukozasında hiperplazi gelişiminde tetikleyici risk faktörü olabilir.
Stability Improvement of The Iraqi Super Grid (400kV) using High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission
Authors: Abbas Zainab Nadhim , Tuaimah Firas Mohammed
Published: November 2021

This research analyzes the level of the short circuit effect of the Iraqi super network and decides the suitable location for the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) connections in order to obtain the best short circuit reduction of the total currents of the buses in the network. The proposed method depends on choosing the transmission lines for Alternating current (AC) system that suffers from high Short Circuit Levels (SCLs) in order to reduce its impact on the transmission system and on the lines adjacent to it and this after replacing the alternating current (AC) line by direct current (DC) line. In this paper, Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) is used to model two types of HVDC lines in an effective region of Iraqi networks and to perform comparative studies to test the location of Short Circuit Levels (SCLs) between an actual AC and AC/DC case study in a portion of the Iraqi national network. The results proved the effectiveness of this method in eliminating severe faults and unwanted short currents, and the results showed that the bipolar type is better in reducing Short Circuit Levels of the Iraqi network.
Analysing Dairy Farming in Japan through the TV Drama 'Natsuzora' (‘Summer Sky’)
Authors: Eguchi Maki
Published: November 2021

As the global concern with animal welfare grows, the roles of animals in various cultural and historical settings need to be examined. This study analyses a popular Japanese TV show, Natsuzora (‘Summer Sky’), aired in 2019, that shows the life of a dairy farm in post-war Japan from the 1940s to the 1970s, when the consumption and production of meat and dairy gradually increased with technological development. This is contrasted with the present time, against the backdrop of the Tokyo Olympics 2020, and a rise in awareness regarding animal welfare. The study analyses of the story of Natsuzora and the different reactions towards it from the Ministry of Agriculture and the Animal Rights Center. It also scrutinises the social and historical background of the drama by referring to agricultural statistics from the 1940s to the present.
PERDAGANGAN VALAS DALAM PANDANGAN ASPEK HUKUM MUAMALAH
Authors: Samsul
Published: November 2021

Menjawab tantangan global, jual beli valuta asing (valas) tidak dapat terelakkan, namun transaki tersebut masih meragukan kesyari’ahannya dalam pandangan hukum muamalah, sehingga membutuhkan pengkajian sesuai dengan landasan al-qur’an dan al-hadits. Menurut jumhur ulama dan fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia, jual beli valas (al-sharf) dibolehkan dengan ketentuan sesuai dengan syarat-syarat jual beli pada umumnya, tidak untuk spekulasi, ada kebutuhan transaksi atau untuk berjaga-jaga, dilakukan dengan at-taqabudh (secara tunai dan nilainya sama untuk barang sejenis), dan bila tidak sejenis maka harus sesuai dengan nilai kurs saat transaksi dilakukan dan secara tunai.
Nilai persatuan dan kesatuan dalam keragaman suku banga
Authors: Felany Alfara Derista
Published: November 2021

Sebagai puncak keinginan pemuda untuk membentuk persatuan yang bersifat nasional yaitu Sumpah Pemuda 28 Oktober 1928. Sumpah Pemuda yang diputuskan dalam Kongres Pemuda II, 28 Oktober 1928,mempunyai arti yang penting dalam perkembangan bangsa Indonesia. Semangat persatuan yang dikumandangkan bersama berhasil mengatasi prasangka suku, golongan, dan budaya. Sumpah Pemuda menjiwai perjuangan nasional selanjutnya dan kehidupan bangsa Indonesia sesudah mencapai kemerdekaan.Nilai-nilai budaya tentang persatuan dan kesatuan sebenarnya telah dimiliki dan dijunjung tinggi oleh masing-masing sukubangsa di Indonesia. Nilai-nilai tersebut antara lain: 1) Nilai yang terkait pada ajaran desa mawa cara negara mawa tata; 2) Nilai yang terkait pada ajaran kiwa tengen mula matunggalan; 3) Nilai toleransi; 4) Nilai menjunjung tinggi masyarakat dan kegotongroyongan; 5) Nilai kesetiakawanan dan 6) nilai tenggang rasa. Apabila nilai-nilai tersebut betul-betul bisa dilaksanakan maka kedamaian dan ketenteraman akan terwujud di Indonesia. ‘Bhinneka Tunggal Ika’ bukan hanya sebagai semboyan saja, tetapi merupakan pengikat negara Republik Indonesia yang terdiri dari beribu-ribu pulau besar dan kecil serta dihuni beratus-ratus suku bangsa.
Perjuangan Diplomasi Indonesia
Authors: MEGA ANGGI JUMADILLA
Published: November 2021

Perjuangan Diplomasi Indonesia resume ppkn
Narkoba: bahaya penyalagunaan dan pencegahannya
Authors: Todo Veronika
Published: November 2021

AbstrakNarcotic abuse over children should get more attention and concern from all instrument of society including family, social institution and government. So far, the network of narcotic market driven by a latent syndicate that has consumer target 14 to 18 years old children who still have an unstable attitude. This condition might hazard Indonesian youth because they are the next generation who will develop this country in the future. So, this is an urgent step to prevent the drugconsumption among children and destroy its syndicate in order to save and secure this nation. This paper provide description abaut the danger of drug and how to p revent children not to consume it.
Hak Warga Negara Indonesia atas Kesehatan di Era Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: QADARIAH MUSDALIFAH
Published: November 2021

HAM adalah hak yang melekat pada manusia karena kelahirannya sebagai manusia. Hak atas kesehatan meliputi hak untuk mendapatkan kehidupan dan pekerjaan yang sehat, hak untuk mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan, dan perhatian khusus terhadap kesehatan ibu dan anak. Saat ini Coronavirus Disease 2019 atau yang sering biasa disebut Covid-19 merupakan sebuah pandemi yang tak pelak usai hingga saat ini wabah ini sudah mengakibatkan sejumlah perbuahan besar dalam berbagai sektor salah diantaranya yaitu sektor ekonomi. Kasus kematian Covid-19 kian hari kian meningkat. Upaya pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai macam cara yang meliputi pencegahan dan penyembuhan. Indonesia menjadikan pelaksanaan vaksinasi COVID-19 sebagai bagian dari strategi penanggulangan pandemic. Dengan diperkuatnya imunitas masyarakat, produktivitas juga akan meningkat sehingga meminimalkan dampak ekonomi dan sosial yang selama ini menjadi salah satu isu utama pandemi COVID-19.Pelaksanaan vaksinasi COVID-19 tetap harus dibarengan dengan penerapan protokol kesehatan yang ketat, seperti menggunakan masker, mencuci tangan dan menjaga jarak aman minimal 1-2 meter. Hal ini tidak hanya berlaku di Indonesia saja, tapi di seluruh dunia pun mengalami dan harus melakukan hal yang sama.
Persatuan dan kesatuan
Authors: Todo Veronika
Published: November 2021

Abstrak Negara kesatuan republik Indonesia sebagai negara yang multikultur terdiri atas berbagai macam suku bangsa, dan setiap suku bangsa berbeda dalam banyak hal dengan suku bangsa lainnya. Adanya perbedaan tersebut tidak hanya dapat memberikan keunikan menarik, namun juga seringkali menimbulkan konflik. Adanya perbedaan SARA seringkali menimbulkan perpecahan yang berujung pada ketidak harmonisan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Keberagaman tidak hanya terlintas agama bahkan seringkali kita jumpai keberagaman pandangan dalam satu agama . Hal ini di karenakan latarbelakang kultur, keyakinan yang berbeda-beda diantara penganutnya. Salah satu faktor yang di yakini masyarakat Dalam kehidupan manusia adalah pendidikan.pendidikan agama Islam berkaitan dengan proses pendidikan dalam lembaga formal dan informal. Pendidikan agama berwawasan multikultural yang selama ini kita kenal merupakan salah satu langkah strategis untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat Indonesia, terutama generasi pemuda di zaman sekarang.
Ambidexterity
Authors: Nugroho Rizqy Aji
Published: November 2021

Ambidexterity, secara harfiah, mempunyai arti dapat menggunakan tangan kanan dan tangan kiri dengan sama baiknya. Dalam konteks organisasi, biasa disebut organizational ambidexterity atau ambidextrous organization, mempunyai arti bahwa perusahaan tersebut mempunyai kemampuan eklporasi dan eksploitasi dengan sama baiknya. Perusahaan yang hanya fokus pada eksplorasi menghadapi risiko membuang sumber daya pada ide-ide yang mungkin tidak terbukti bermanfaat atau tidak pernah dikembangkan. Di sisi lain, perusahaan yang hanya berfokus pada eksploitasi hanya menerima kinerja dan produk berdasarkan status quo dan gagal mencapai tingkat keberhasilan yang optimal.
Exploratory study of municipal wastewater primary sedimentation basin effluent treatment using an upflow anaerobic filter
Authors: McCormick Mark William
Published: November 2021

This report describes the results of exploratory tests conducted using a 95-liter upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) bioreactor test unit fed raw primary sedimentation basin effluent at a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The main objectives of the exploratory study were to obtain substrate conversion and hydraulic data for use in making full-scale projections, evaluate potential biofilm support materials, and to assess the suitability of the upflow anaerobic filter unit process as part of a new concept for a complete municipal wastewater treatment plant. The tests were conducted using available equipment with no effort made to optimize the system. The main findings of the tests are: COD loading rate: 2,1 kg COD/m3/day, hydraulic retention time: 3 hours, average influent energy conversion: 71% (Influent HHV -effluent HHV), biogas CH4 content up to 65%, stable operation at 16°C, evaluation of different biofilm support materials (see text), non-biodegradable ash and phenolic compounds account for at least 63% of the total solids contained in primary sedimentation basin effluent and they are the most important contributors to turbidity.
A simple, affordable, scaled-up way of creating materials for personalized learning with educational technology: Crowdsourcing Open Educational Resources
Authors: Moeller Julia
Published: November 2021

When education moves online, that creates a need for new learning materials that are available online, can be broadly disseminated via the internet, can be displayed to and used by learners on technological devices such as computers, smartphones, or tablets, are up-to-date, affordable and available for public schools, in line with schools’ curricula, and matching the individual needs of the learners and their educators. Three trends have made such technology-compatible, up-to-date, high-quality learning materials tailored to individual students’ needs wanted at large scale: The pandemic-induced home schooling, the generally increasing importance of learning with educational technology, and the trend towards personalized learning. While the educational technology infrastructure is being developed at scale, the experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic have revealed that the development of learning materials for online learning lags behind. This article proposes a simple solution to all of these problems: Systematic crowdsourced creation of open educational resources.
Daily dynamics of negative affect: indicators of rate of response to treatment and remission from depression?
Authors: Helmich Marieke A. , Wichers M. , Peeters Frenk , Snippe Evelien
Published: November 2021

More instability (MSSD) and variability (SD) of negative affect (NA) have been related to current and future depressive symptoms. We investigated whether NA instability and variability were predictive of the rate of symptom improvement during treatment and of reaching remission status. Forty-six individuals with major depressive disorder completed six days of ecological momentary assessments (10 beeps/day) before starting a combination of pharmacotherapy and supportive therapy. During and after treatment, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) diagnostic interview was performed monthly for 18 months. The rate of change in HDRS scores over five months (during treatment) and remission status (HDRS ≤7) over eighteen months were predicted by the SD, MSSD and Mean of NA, and relevant baseline predictors. Higher Mean NA and baseline symptom severity, but not NA variability or instability, predicted stronger depressive symptom reduction during treatment. Higher odds of remitting were only associated with lower Mean NA. Higher mean NA may indicate more room for improvement and thus for a steeper rate of symptom change, while lower mean NA levels may imply that remission status is more readily reached. To resolve the inconclusive findings for instability and variability as predictors of symptom improvement replication in larger samples is required.
The Social Media Context Interferes with Truth Discernment
Authors: Epstein Ziv , Sirlin Nathaniel , Arechar Antonio Alonso , Pennycook Gordon , Rand David Gertler
Published: November 2021

There is widespread concern about fake news and other misinformation circulating on social media. In particular, many argue that the context of social media itself may make people particularly susceptible to the influence of false claims. Here, we test that claim by asking whether simply considering whether to share news on social media reduces people’s ability to identify truth versus falsehood. In a large online experiment (N=3,157 Americans quota-matched to the national distribution of age, gender, ethnicity, and geographic region) examining COVID-19 and political news, we find support for this possibility. Compared to a baseline where participants judged only the accuracy of each headline, we observed worse truth discernment when participants also indicated their sharing intentions. Conversely, sharing discernment was substantially higher when participants also rated accuracy, relative to a baseline where sharing intentions were elicited without rating accuracy. These results suggest people may be particularly vulnerable to believing false claims on social media due to fundamental features of these platforms – which is particularly concerning given that it is hard to imagine social media without sharing.
Goal Adjustment Capacities in Uncontrollable Life Circumstances: Benefits for Psychological Well-Being During COVID-19
Authors: Hamm Jeremy M. , Tan Jaron X. Y. , Barlow Meaghan , Duggan Katherine Anne , Delaney Rachel
Published: November 2021

Goal adjustment capacities (i.e., goal disengagement and goal reengagement) are core self-regulatory resources theorized to buffer psychological well-being during intractable life circumstances. However, research has yet to examine whether these capacities protect well-being for individuals who encounter uncontrollable losses in their ability to pursue important life goals due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a nationally-representative sample of American adults aged 18-80 (n = 292), the present longitudinal study examined the influence of goal disengagement and reengagement on levels and change in psychological well-being for individuals who differed in perceived control over their goals early in the pandemic. Results from multilevel growth models showed that goal reengagement, but not goal disengagement, capacities predicted higher levels of well-being (lower perceived stress, depressive symptoms; higher life satisfaction, meaning in life) for individuals who reported pandemic-induced declines in control over their goals. Findings inform theories of motivation and self-regulation and point to the adaptive value of goal reengagement capacities during uncontrollable life circumstances.
Darcy and Emma: Austen's Ironic Meditation on Gender
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: November 2021

The central characters and plot lines of Emma are essentially those of Pride and Prejudice, retold from Darcy’s point of view with the genders of the characters reversed (men become women, women men). This whimsical antecedent accounts for why Emma may strike contemporary readers as uncommonly modern for an Austen heroine: She takes a lot of male privilege to herself, something that would have made her anomalous in her own day. The works of four writers and the reasons they likely influenced this gendered topsy-turvy are examined: Richardson, Fielding, Shakespeare, and the Reverend Fordyce.
How Skilled Migrants Enter and Stay in the U.S. Labor Market
Authors: Jacobs Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

This paper examines how academic, corporate and state institutions shape inequality in the flow and labor market incorporation of skilled migrants. Using two original datasets, the paper finds that where a migrant earns their degree matters more for explaining patterns of migration and employment than how many degrees they hold, challenging standard theories of human capital and migration.Logistic regression analysis of a novel dataset of LinkedIn employment histories shows that migrants with U.S. degrees are more likely to work in the U.S. at first and current job, while foreign advanced degrees have a strong negative effect on U.S. employment. 105 in-depth interviews show that U.S. universities facilitate the school-to-work transition to the U.S. labor market for international students and U.S. companies display preferences for U.S. degrees. The paper develops new data sources to study dynamic migration flows in transnational, longitudinal perspective and analyzes these data through a multi-level framework that situates migration and employment within institutional contexts driving inequality in labor market outcomes. The findings emphasize the importance of analyzing the effect country of education and level of educational attainment in shaping labor migration flows. I offer a new conceptualization of life-course transitions in the global education and labor markets as migration decisions.
Exploring Psychotypology as an Affective factor of Cross-Linguistic Influence: Case of Algerian Multilingual Learners
Authors: Athmani Fatima Zohra , Boukhedimi Yasmine
Published: November 2021

Multilingualism has established itself as a separate area of research in linguistic studies for the two last decades. Therefore, the present study aims at examining Algerian Multilingual students’ perceptions of linguistic distance i.e., psychotypology, between their first Language Arabic and Second language French and third language English. It focuses on the role of psychotypology as a constraining factor of cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition that may lead to the activation of the background languages in the production of L3 English. Therefore, the researcher used a mixed research method to explore which typological or psychotypological languages L1 Arabic or L2 French would be the source of language transfer in L3 production. Forty students participated in this study, and data was gathered through a psychotypological questionnaire. The results of a qualitative and quantitative analysis showed students perceive French as a closed language to English in most the language aspects and they used it to fill a linguistic gap in their English production. It also showed that psychotypology is a complex concept that would affect students’ language choice in L3 production as well as a crucial factor in determining the source language of transfer. The findings indicated that further investigations of Psychotypology in L3 production are necessary.
University Education in Algeria during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Limitations and Challenges
Authors: Kerras Nassima , Salhi Salah Eddine
Published: November 2021

The study deals with the subject of learning languages online. Many studies (Chelghoum & Chelghoum, 2020; Arabeche & Soudani, 2021) have been carried out over the last year to investigate the needs of the pedagogical changes as a result of the world health situation. The Covid-19 pandemic wreaked havoc all over the globe. This unprecedented situation created huge complications for citizens worldwide, with emergency offices suddenly appearing in students’ and workers’ kitchens, bedrooms, and living rooms due to the large-scale lockdowns and stringent restrictions on movement put into place by governments. The sudden and unexpected nature of this “new normal” left very little time for acclimatisation to the online learning modes, with students and teachers alike adapting and improvising. This study aims to investigate the difficulties of Algerian students and analysing the interactive techniques which could be applied in language studying, and overcoming the barriers of computer screens. In this case, we address the goals used in university teaching in Algeria to be able to understand the situation and draw a possible new strategy to achieve a quality education. First, the topic is introduced, followed by an analysis of teaching and learning methods during the COVID-19 pandemic. Afterwards, the methodology is defined, highlighting the relation between the Psycholinguistics (Hanim Rahmat, 2018) and the Communicative Approach (Hymes, 1972). A qualitative study is carried out to describe the problems faced by the students and offer some possible recommendations, taking into account the social context experienced during the 2020-2021 academic year.
The Socio-Cultural Impress on the Promotion of Self-Directed-Learning in Algerian Universities
Authors: BERREZOUG Hanaà
Published: November 2021

The Algerian universities have witnessed significant changes since the establishment of the three-tier system composed of Licence, Master, and Doctorate (LMD). The latter necessitates many changes in the learning process as well as teaching methods. Yet, to achieve self-directed learning, the learner should first achieve autonomy at the personal level. Thus, this paper is mainly devoted to analyzing the impress of Algerian cultural and social traditions on the development of self-directed learning. This study addresses the following question: Do the Algerian cultural and social traditions enhance and facilitate self-directed learning or impede its implementation at university? The main aim of this paper is to investigate the aspects of the Algerian culture that hinder the promotion of self-directed learning. The research has been conducted in Saida University among Master students. To investigate the socio-cultural impact on the development of self-directedness, the researcher used a questionnaire and an interview that was related to Hofstede’s six-D Model. Discussing the Algerian culture through the lens of Hofstede’s six-D Model helped the researcher to diagnose the reasons behind the failure to promote self-directedness. The main finding of this research is that the collectivist nature of the Algerian culture retards the progress of self-directed learning. This paper also suggests that if the Algerian culture does not favor self-directed learning, educators should adopt new approaches and strategies that engage their learners in the learning experiences. Educators should counterbalance the parochial and paternalistic traditions with glocalization and multiple perspective curricula.
The Effects of Authentic Materials Using Role-playing Activities on Oral Proficiency: A Case Study of Thai Undergraduate Students
Authors: Samaranayake Sarath Withanarachchi
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the effects of authentic materials and contextually developed role-playing activities on the oral proficiency of Thai undergraduate students. The study was conducted at Prince of Songkhla University, Thailand during the first semester (June to September) of 2010. The study consisted of four research instruments and the data were analyzed using Independent Samples t-test to determine whether the authentic materials and contextually developed role-playing activities had improved the students’ oral fluency and accuracy in the target language. The findings indicated statistically significant differences between the two groups, wherein the experimental group performed better on both fluency and accuracy than the control group. Therefore, based on the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that authentic materials and contextually developed role-playing activities involving a series of sequential events are effective in enhancing learners’ oral proficiency in programs of English as a foreign language in the context of Thailand English education.
Agency as Rhetorical Device in the Discourse of kids Animated Learning Videos on Covid- 19 Virus
Authors: Younus Lina Laith , Kareem Nahid Ra’aoof
Published: November 2021

At Covid-19 pandemic, people worldwide were attacked by a dangerous and widely spread virus known as Coronavirus. Kids are not matured enough to understand why they have to stay home and follow health instructions. Animated learning videos are designed for kids for the purpose of making them aware of the virus. The objectives of the present study are: (1) Examining one of Burke’s pentad (1969) represented by ”agency,” in Covid-19 kids videos, (2) Investigating the rhetorical devices used in the selected data to inform, persuade and make kids aware of what is meant by covid-19, (3) Revealing the dominant rhetorical device. The main question that arises here is; “what are the rhetorical strategies used in the discourse of the learning videos on Covid-19”. The selected data is limited to the discourse of six kids’ videos dealing with covid-19 found on YouTube. The theories followed in the analysis are Tarigan’s theory (2013) and Burke’s pentad (1969). The results revealed that the discourse of each video reflects a dramatic situations, including the pentad items; act, scene, agent, agency, and purpose. It is also found that agency as a rhetorical device is highly used in the selected data and the most dominant device was personification. It is concluded that the use of the dramatic situations and rhetorical devices in such videos has a valuable role in making kids aware of what is meant by Covid-19 pandemic and persuaded why they have to follow the safety instructions, leaving schools and stay home.
An Exploratory Study of EFL Teachers’ Assessment Conceptions at a Saudi University
Authors: Qadi Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Each teacher evaluates students’ learning outcomes in their own way, depending on their own ideas and beliefs about teaching, learning, and assessing. It impacts on how pupils work. As a result, concentrating on instructors’ perspectives in general appears to be vital, and exposing EFL teachers’ evaluation concepts is crucial and requires considerable investigation. The current study examines teachers’ assessment conceptions of English as a foreign language (EFL) at a Saudi University. Specifically, it investigates EFL university teachers’ assessment conceptions using Brown’s (2006) Teachers’ Conceptions of Assessment Abridged Inventory, four-factor assessment inventory conceptions that include variables like student accountability, school accountability, progress, and irrelevance. The survey employed a Likert scale with response options ranging from one (strongly disagree) to five (strongly agree). The researcher gathered the study’s data using Google Forms and administered an online questionnaire to fifteen EFL English teachers in English Language Center at a Saudi University called Afaq University (pseudonym), Saudi Arabia. The obtained quantitative data were analyzed manually by descriptive statistics. The findings demonstrated that of all participants, the enhancement principle had the primary value, whereas the conceptions of irrelevance, on the other hand, were discovered to have the lowest level of agreement. The study presented some pedagogical implications and then concluded with the need for further triangulated exploration of the phenomenon.
Stylistic Portrait of English Fantasy Texts (Based on Jordan’s The Eye of the World, Martin’s A Game of Thrones, Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets)
Authors: Glinka Nataliia , Zaichenko Yuliia , Machulianska Anastasiia
Published: November 2021

The paper is focused on stylistic features of English fantasy texts. The research materials include four fantasy novels written by British and American authors of the late 20th century: Jordan’s The Eye of the World, Martin’s A Game of Thrones, Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. The research question of the study lies in need to systematize expressive means and stylistic devices used in the texts and distinguish the common stylistic features of English fantasy texts. To do this, the researchers implement the notion of a stylistic portrait of English fantasy text, and the main aim of the paper is to provide its definition and description. The study employed the complex of linguistic research methods, including analysis and generalization of theoretical sources, contextual analysis and the elements of quantitative analysis of linguistic units used in the texts. Based on three essential aspects of a stylistic portrait, the paper shows that the English fantasy texts are characterized by the dominance of expressive means and stylistic devices at the syntactic level of language. In addition, the researchers identified the most productive stylistically marked linguistic units at each level of language correlated with the semantic field within which they functioned, and studied connotative dominants in these texts.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CHEMISTRY MEDIA LEARNING BASED ON AUTOPLAY MEDIA STUDIO 8.0 TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ COLLABORATIVE CHARACTER IN ACID-BASE MATERIAL AT SMAN 6 PEKANBARU
Authors: Husrah Irfandi
Published: November 2021

This study aimed at discovering the effectiveness of auto play media studio 8.0 based chemistry media learning to improve the students’ collaborative character in acid-base material in SMAN 6 Pekanbaru. A Purposive sample was used as a method of study using an analysis of Independent Sample t-Test. The obtained data were the observation results data during learning processes. The results of the study indicated that the use of auto play media studio 8.0 based chemistry media learning was effective and significantly improved the students’ collaborative character, in which the significance value of Independent Sample t-Test was 0,000. Based on the average results of collaborative character before and after the use of chemistry media learning based on auto play media studio 8.0 increased by 71%.
THE USE OF READING STRATEGIES IN ACADEMIC READING BY INDONESIAN LEARNERS
Authors: Erni Erni
Published: November 2021

This case study explores the Indonesian learners' reading strategies and identifies high and low-group learners' reading strategies. Semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and open-ended questions were triangulated for validity and reliability data. Several findings were revealed. The Indonesian learners read critically and varied through cognitive, metacognitive, and affective strategies. They applied more cognitive strategies than metacognitive and affective strategies, which was less helpful and less encouraged to think critically. Technology advances, self- concept, and time have affected the strategies used. High and low-group learners also read differently in terms of cognitive, metacognitive, and affective strategies. The high group learners read efficiently, critically with various reading strategies, while the low group learners are more literal, attractive, but straightforward, and specific in reading strategy. This implied that students need to be facilitated with proper reading strategies and reading facilities and use metacognitive strategy to enable critical thinking and affective strategy to overcome anxiety, fear, and relaxation. The socio-cultural strategy needs to be used by learners to reach the four skills required by the Indonesian new curriculum. Meanings were shaped by social interaction and cultural context, which then created fun learning and a conducive learning environment.
INVESTIGATING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN PARAPHRASING PARAGRAPHS
Authors: Relia Cindy Hannisya , Daud Afrianto , Delfi Syofia
Published: November 2021

This research examined university students’ ability in paraphrasing paragraphs. This descriptive quantitative research took students of the English Education Department of Universitas Riau as samples using cluster random sampling technique. The selected sample was a Class of the English Study Program, Universitas Riau, which consists of 34 students. The data were collected by administering an online test of paraphrasing paragraphs through Google Form. The collected data were analyzed by three raters and the results were calculated and classified by using adaptation guide rubric from Brown (2004). Three aspects of paraphrasing were assessed and analyzed: contents of information, choice of words and writing convention. This study found that the ability of the Students of English Study Program in paraphrasing paragraphs was an unacceptable level, with total points; 11.21 for Content Information aspect, 9.52 for Choice of Words aspect, and 9.75 for Writing Conventions aspect. In order to answer the research question on how bad the ability is, the only clear answer is that all facts that are found within the research are only referring to the ‘crisis’ of paraphrasing ability shown by the university students themselves. This finding showed that the university students’ ability in paraphrasing paragraphs is low, due to the facts that; First, they get a low-level score in all aspects of paraphrasing. Second, they still make many fatal mistakes in every aspect of paraphrasing like; skipping important details in paraphrasing that may lead to misinformation, misusing the vocabulary and diction in creating the words in paraphrasing, and severe problems in the grammar, punctuation, and spelling (writing conventions). Moreover, choice of words seems to be the most difficult aspect for the students since it had the lowest score than other aspects in paraphrasing. This research suggests that English students should be exposed to more practices in their academic writing subject about paraphrasing skills
THE EFFECT OF JOURNAL WRITING TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY
Authors: Eliwarti Eliwarti , Purwanti Indah Tri
Published: November 2021

This quasi experimental research aims at looking at the effect of Journal Writing technique on students’ ability in writing a paragraph.  Specifically, the research answers the research questions about the students’ ability in writing, the effect of Journal Writing technique on the students’ ability in writing, and the students’ attitude toward Journal Writing technique applied in their Writing class. The sample are one class from the second semester of English Department students in 2017-2018 academic year. The data were collected through writing test and the distribution of a set of questionnaire. The results show that nearly 60% of students’ ability ini writing is at  Average to Good level before the treatment. After the treatment, 56.76% of their ability is at Good to Excellent level. To test whether the increased score is statistically significant or not, the data were analyzed using t-test. Having t-obs (8.26) which is higher than t-table (2.030), it can be said that the teaching of writing using Journal Writing technique significantly effects the students’ ability in writing paragraph. The data from questionnaire support the previous findings where nearly 64% students have ‘high’ attitude toward Journal Writing technique applied in their class.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERACTIVE INTEGRATED SCIENCE E-MODULE WITH CONNECTED TYPE TO IMPROVE STUDENT'S MASTERY ON ENERGY TOPIC
Authors: Mas'ud Mas'ud , Putra Teja Pratama , Zulfarina Zulfarina , Linda Roza
Published: November 2021

Efforts to improve the quality of Integrated Science learning for junior high schools in the era of globalization that are following the challenges of 21st-century education can be done through the use of connected type interactive e-modules. The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the e-module on students' mastery of energy concepts. The research method used is a descriptive quantitative quasi-experimental type with a matching-only pretest-posttest control group design. The research was conducted in one of the public junior high schools in Bangkinang with a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using research instruments in the form of mastery of concepts in energy material. Data analysis was performed using pre-requisite test, statistical test (different test; t-test), and N-Gain test. The results obtained show that the use of the connected type of integrated science interactive e-module can improve students' mastery of concepts on energy material in the experimental class with the medium category.
Age-related changes in the human primary motor cortex: A macroscopic and microscopic study
Authors: George Anne , K Usha K
Published: November 2021

Background: Cerebral hemisphere has outer gray matter and inner white matter. The cerebrum is folded into gyri and sulci in order to accommodate it in the skull. The thickness of the gray matter varies at sulci and gyri and the mean thickness may be from 1.5 mm to 4.0 mm.
Aims and Objectives: (1) To demonstrate the cells and laminar architecture of the primary motor cortex with different stains. (2) To find out the age-related changes in the thickness of the primary motor cortex and the depth of the central sulcus.
Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was done using 50 adult human brains and 10 fetal brains obtained from the Department of Forensic medicine and OBG, respectively, in a Government Medical College in Kerala during 2001–2003. At autopsy, the central sulcus and the precentral gyrus were identified. Depth of central sulcus and thickness of precentral gyrus, in upper, middle, and lower parts were measured using Vernier calipers. Tissue specimens were taken from the precentral gyrus and after fixation in 10% formalin, hematoxylin, and eosin-stained slides were prepared and viewed under a light microscope identifying six laminae. Using an oculo micrometer, width of the six laminae were measured. Pyramidal cells and stellate cells were observed and their size measured.
Results: Depth of the central sulcus was more on the right side but it was minimal on the middle part of both sides. The thickness of the precentral gyrus varied from 1 to 6 mm. Maximum thickness of 6 mm was found in the middle and lower parts in the 21–30 age group. Lamina 5 was the widest of all laminae. Maximum width of 1000 μ was noted in the 41–50 age group.
Conclusion: Grey matter thickness of 1-6 mm noted in this study was comparable with other studies. Pyramidal cells of varying sizes were seen in all sections with different staining methods. It was confirmed that neuronal loss is inevitable as age advances.
Knowledge, attitude, and barriers toward polio immunization among pre-clinical students in Malaysia
Authors: Maung Theingi Maung , Kulandaivalu Shivenanthini , Xian Chee Mei , Ramachandra Kughan , Jai Devaraj Sankari , Venkadason Thiviyaa , Shirin Lubna , Kabir Mohammed Shahjahan
Published: November 2021

Background: Polio is reported as reemerging disease in Malaysia after 27 years of being free from it. It is important to identify the awareness towards polio vaccine among the medical students who are the future and the pillars of the nation, to develop a country.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and barriers toward polio immunization among pre-clinical medical students.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 190 pre-clinical students from a private university after obtaining informed consent and institutional ethical clearance. Data collected from Google Forms questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: Insufficient knowledge, especially on disease nature, transmission, and correct dosage of vaccine, was noticed. Findings revealed that 79.5% of the students showed unfavorable attitude toward polio immunization. Year 2 students are more positive toward the vaccination compared to year 1. Main barriers toward polio immunization selected by the respondents are disagreement from the spouse, insecure about vaccine safety, and distance of the health center.
Conclusion: Pre-clinical students should enhance their knowledge to be able to recognize the various barriers of polio immunization in our country and be part of the effort in solving these barriers as polio eradication is critical to ensuring a healthier future for children.
Short-term and long-term outcome of manipulation under anesthesia in primary frozen shoulder
Authors: Mandal Malay Kumar , Sen Abhijit , Paul Anirban , Jash Swagatam
Published: November 2021

Background: Painful restriction of active and passive shoulder range of motion which cannot be attributed to any internal shoulder pathology is termed as primary frozen shoulder. It has three stages – freezing stage, frozen stage, and thawing stage. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy, intra-articular corticosteroid injection, hydrodilatation, arthroscopic capsular release, and manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) are different modalities of treatment.
Aims and Objectives: The main objective of our study was to assess the short-term and long-term outcome of MUA in frozen shoulder once it did not respond to 3 months course of physiotherapy.
Materials and Methods: Fifty patients of primary frozen shoulder fulfilling inclusion criteria were manipulated under general anesthesia, and intra-articular Depo-Medrol and bupivacaine were administered. Functional status of the shoulder was assessed using the adjusted Constant-Murley (CM) score preoperatively and in subsequent follow-ups.
Results: There was a significant improvement of mean adjusted CM score in short- and long-term follow-ups compared to pre-manipulation value. A significant negative correlation was found between the age of the patient and the final outcome.
Conclusion: MUA is an effective modality of treatment in primary frozen shoulder with good short- and long-term outcomes.
Knowledge of danger signals of pregnancy among clients of maternal health services in tertiary care teaching hospital, Pune
Authors: Kumar Arunesh , Gupta Sachin , Pore Prasad
Published: November 2021

Background: India is among countries with a high maternal mortality rate. Every pregnant woman is at risk of developing pregnancy-related complication. It is not understood if and how the information and education on danger signals of pregnancy; translates into appropriate actions when a woman experiences a danger signal. Knowledge and recognition of danger signals during pregnancy would result in timely emergency obstetric care.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to determine the knowledge of key danger signals of pregnancy and its associated factors among the clients of maternal health services in tertiary care teaching hospital, Pune.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in obs. and gyne. dept. of tertiary care hospital for a period of 1 month that enrolled 55 eligible women who attended ANC and PNC clinic within study period. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the IEC. The women were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. All the women attending ANC and PNC clinic with a minimum of four ANC visits qualified the women for the inclusion in the study. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20. The analyzed data were presented in suitable tabular format.
Results: Out of 55 mothers, 43.6% know about four or more danger signals whereas 56.4% have knowledge of <4. The most recalled danger signals by the clients was labor pain before 8 months (70.9%), while no one is aware about the danger signal failure of placenta to come out (0%).
Conclusion: This study indicated that the knowledge level of women regarding danger signals of pregnancy was low and affected by education level. Therefore, the identified deficiencies in awareness should be addressed through maternal and child health services.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the health-related anxiety and behavioral changes among pregnant women – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Ranita , Sarkar Suvobrata , Pal Manidip , Mukherjee Jayeeta , Bera Gairik
Published: November 2021

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has been the cause of agony for millions of people worldwide. Anxiety of losing near ones and stress of rearing children besides bearing the bulk of domestic tasks have led to certain behavioral changes in the pregnant women.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess anxiety, awareness, and behavioral changes among pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine and J.N.M. Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India, from May 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. All antenatal patients after the second trimester visiting the OPD or maternity ward, satisfying inclusion criteria after formal consent, were considered for the study.
Results: Out of a total of 139 patients, mostly primigravida, 122 (87.7%) participants were of 18–33 years age. Observations revealed that 24% more women were worried about their own health after the arrival of pandemic. The overall worry percentage for unborn baby (88%), existing children (76%), and older relatives (38%) remained uniform throughout the study period. Staying at home, stocking of food, and medical equipment showed a downward trend toward the end of the study.
Conclusion: The impact of the pandemic has been mammoth, taking a toll on the behavior and anxiety of the pregnant women, which when unnoticed may have a long-term effect on their mental health as well as family life. Physical and mental support from external and internal sources will pave the way to a healthier mental well-being of these antenatal mothers.