bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative paralytic ileus following emergency surgery for bowel obstruction
Authors: Axelsen David Reiss , Lomholt Marianne Lund , Lauridsen Mette Cathrine , Funder Jonas Amstrup
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Abdominal surgery is followed by various degrees of postoperative paralytic ileus (POI). If the condition persists for four days after surgery, it is referred to as prolonged POI (PPOI). PPOI significantly increases the risk for severe complications. We wished to access the proportion of PPOI in patients undergoing emergency surgery for acute intestinal obstruction (AIO) and investigate risk factors associated with development of PPOI.
Methods
Data were retrospectively collected from electronical patient journals from all patients undergoing surgery for AOI from 1st of January 2019 to 31st of December 2022 at the Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
Results
101 (46%) of the patients operated for AIO developed PPOI. The mean LOS for patients with PPOI was 17.6 days versus 8.5 days for patients without PPOI. We identified several risk factors associated with development of PPOI in univariate analyses including age, hyperpotassiamia, high levels of carbamide, laparotomy, adhesiolysis, time in surgery, resection of small intestine, and use of temporary closure for second look. Patients with an active cancer diagnoseis were less likely to experience PPOI assessed in a multivariate analysis. We found no association between PPOI and 30 or 90-day mortality rates.
Conclusion
Almost half of patients who had emergency surgery for AIO developed PPOI. This is more frequent than reported incidences for elective intestinal surgery. Patients with PPOI had significantly longer LOS than patients without PPOI. Risk factors associated with PPOI included age, adhesiolysis, laparotomy, resection of small intestine, temporary vacuum assisted closure and time in surgery.
WITHDRAWN: Study on the pharmacokinetics of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide DPC1 through fluorescence labeling
Authors: Yong Jin , Zhang Chaozheng , Cao Yuening , Tang Shuang , Long Fei , Cao Zhixing , Lu Jun , Peng Teng
Published: February 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Reducing the contour error of leading and trailing edge through feedrate scheduling in 5-axis machining of blisk
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Lin Xiaojun , Shan Chenwei , Tian Heng
Published: February 2024

The blisks are complex thin-walled parts with specific structures that have narrow channels and a large degree of bowed-twisted blades. These parts are typically machined using 5-axis machining. However, conventional feedrate scheduling of the tool tip can cause flutter and reduced machining accuracy when dealing with very small radii of curvature and dramatic changes in the tool axis vector. This is because there is a significant difference in moving speed between the tool tip and cutting contact points. To address this issue, we establish an optimization model for feedrate under constraints such as process-allowed cutting speed and machine tool drive along the tool path. For sections of short tool paths in the regions of leading and trailing edges with drastic changes in curvature and tool orientations, we schedule a constant feedrate for the tool contact point. For other sections of the tool path, we construct time-optimal acceleration and deceleration velocity curves using parallel computing technology, ensuring no abrupt changes in acceleration or acceleration velocity at boundary points. Additionally, we smooth the feedrate profile curves for the entire toolpath using the parallel bidirectional scanning method. This approach improves both the efficiency of feedrate scheduling and cutting stability within the regions corresponding to the leading and trailing edges of blisks.
Clustering of temporal profiles in US climate change data using logistic mixture of spatial multivariate linear models
Authors: Lee Seonwoo , Lee Keunbaik , Park Ju-Hyun , Kyung Minjung , Yun Seong-Taek , Lee Jieun , Joo Yongsung
Published: February 2024

In recent decades, the annual mean temperature has increased, with unusual alternations of hot and cold years. In addition, the changes in temporal precipitation patterns are caused by complex interactions between temperature change, the global water cycle, and other components of the Earth's systems. To construct a statistical model of these temporal patterns in terms of temperature and precipitation, we propose a logistic mixture of spatial multivariate penalized regression splines for temporal profiles and apply this model to the contiguous United States climate data over 123 years (1900 to 2022) at 252 weather stations. The results reveal that the proposed model identifies climatologically meaningful clusters of weather stations in the contiguous United States with two important meteorological variables, temperature and precipitation, identifying the climate change patterns of each climate zone. The surface air temperature increased in the Northeast and West (Mountain and Pacific) regions, where the climate is affected by the continental Arctic air. A notable increment of precipitation also occurred in the Northeast. In contrast, the South region, where the climate is affected by the tropical Atlantic Ocean, is more stable than other regions in terms of year-to-year variations in temperature and precipitation.
Infant urinary tract infection in Sweden – a national study of current diagnostic procedures, imaging and treatment
Authors: Lindén Magnus , Rosenblad Therese , Rosenborg Karin , Hansson Sverker , Brandström Per
Published: February 2024

Background:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants is a common, potentially life-threatening bacterial infection, and must be managed carefully through the entire chain of care from diagnosis, choice of treatment, follow-up and risk stratification of future complications. This Swedish nationwide study of infant UTI was conducted to evaluate the current management of infant UTI, yield of investigations and the Swedish UTI guidelines’ ability to detect abnormalities of importance in the urinary tract.
Methods
Infants < 1 year with a first episode of UTI were included in a prospective multicenter study. Treatment and follow-up were provided by local pediatricians. Clinical and laboratory findings and imaging results were reported to the coordinating center. The current management and results were compared with a previous Swedish study.
Results
1306 infants were included. Urine sampling was performed with clean catch technique in 93% of patients. Initial oral antibiotic treatment was used in 63%, predominantly third generation cephalosporines. Permanent kidney abnormalities were found in 10% and dilating vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in 8%, both representing minimum rates as not all infants were investigated. UTI recurrences were reported in 18%.
Conclusion
Infant UTI is still generating a considerable amount of follow-up examinations. There is a significant shift towards clean catch as the main urine sampling method. Voiding cystourethrography is performed less frequently reducing the findings of low grade VUR. The incidence of renal scarring is comparable with earlier studies which suggests that the Swedish guidelines are able to identify individuals with risk for long term complications.
Cultivating Tomorrow: A Comprehensive Review of Agricultural Innovations in the Philippines (2018-2023)
Authors: Taer Albino , Taer Erma
Published: February 2024

This systematic review undertook an examination of agricultural innovations in the Philippines spanning from 2018 to 2023. The objective was to provide a comprehensive categorization, analyze adoption trends, and offer recommendations to optimize research priorities. A methodical approach involving literature search, screening, and quantitative analysis facilitated an organized investigation into various innovation types, contributors, applications, and geographical contexts. The findings indicated that image analysis and sustainable farming systems held the highest shares within the innovation categories, comprising 26% and 23%, respectively. These segments showcased cutting-edge techniques along with a commitment to environmental stewardship. Notably, rice-centric innovations dominated at 33.33%, underscoring the underrepresentation of high-value crops, livestock, and remote farming sectors. However, a geographical bias was evident, with 69.23% of studies concentrating solely on Luzon regions, particularly in central and northern areas. This revealed a need to acknowledge the agricultural potential present in Visayas and Mindanao, emphasizing the necessity for increased research emphasis in these regions. Furthermore, the study unveiled a fragmented landscape in research contributions, with the majority of contributors representing less than a 5% share each. This fragmentation suggests a lack of cross-institutional partnerships, hindering a holistic and collaborative approach to agricultural innovation. Critical gaps in innovation prioritization and adoption levels were identified, particularly in sustainable practices, precision technologies, non-cereal commodities, and geographically disadvantaged communities. Addressing these gaps requires significant institutional support through modernization policies and localized capacity-building programs, ideally facilitated by industry-academia partnerships. In conclusion, the establishment of unified innovation transfer conduits is essential to expedite the transition of solutions from proofs-of-concept to farmer-ready tools, ensuring a targeted approach that caters to regional needs.
Mirror-like and large grain graphite film: Synthesis and properties
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Wang Meihui , Jeon Dongho , Meng Yongqiang , Lee Sun Hwa , Choe Myeonggi , Li Yunqing , Wang Mengran , Lu Sherilyn J. , Lee Zonghoon , Seong Won Kyung , Ruoff Rodney S.
Published: February 2024

Graphite films with large grain sizes have been reportedly obtained by using metal as catalysts, but the obtained graphite is mostly heavily wrinkled, thus containing defects that degrade its properties. We report the synthesis of mirror-like and large-grained graphite films with only a few nano kinks and controllable dimensions, achieved by using flat Ni-Mo alloy melts of the same lateral dimensions as the metal foils used to make this alloy melt. After formation of the graphite film, we deliberately evaporated out (much of the) Ni to produce a porous metallic substrate to dramatically weaken the substrate-graphite film interaction prior to cooling down to room temperature; with this step, the graphite film then had only a few nano kinks and a mirror-like appearance. The mirror-like graphite appears to be 100% AB-stacked with millimeter-sized grains that are much larger than the multi-micron grain size of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and rivaled in size only by a small percentage of natural graphite. Our graphite films have an electrical conductivity of 5.59 × 106 S/m at 4 K and 7.75×105 S/m at 300 K. Tensile loading of macroscale samples showed an average Young’s modulus of 969 ± 69 GPa and average fracture strength of 1.29 ± 0.203 GPa, which are, to the best of our knowledge, the highest values reported for macroscale artificial graphite materials.
Tetramethylpyrazine improves rats with sepsis-associated encephalopathy through regulation of autophagy signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Hao , Zhang Yiwei , Zhou Haidong , Wu Jin , Chen Yijun , Lu Zihui , Huang Changshun
Published: February 2024

Background
Tetramethylpyrazine, an alkaloid extracted from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (Umbelliferae), has been used in China for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Objective
To investigate the effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and its underlying mechanisms in autophagy regulation.
Methods
The Sprague-Dawley rat model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). They were randomly assigned to four groups: sham operation (Sham), (SAE), SAE + TMP (TMP), and SAE + rapamycin (RAPA). Administration of TMP (10 mg/kg/d, i.p.) or RAPA (10 nM/d, i.p.) once daily for 3 days before CLP. Twenty-four h after CLP, we assessed the vital parameters, neurobehavioral scores, water maze tests, hippocampal pathological structure, inflammation factors and autophagy associated proteins.
Results
TMP or RAPA injection significantly reduce escape latency (28.39%, 38.27%), rises the time spent in the target quadrant (39.29%, 53.57%) and the frequency of crossing the goal platform (100%, 111.76%), inhibit the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β (49.32%, 50.74%), IL-6 (32.43%, 33.78%) and TNF-α (51.26%, 53.63%), downregulate proteins TLR1 (18.47%, 27.76%) and p62 (90.66%, 97.56%), upregulate proteins LC3II/I ratio (60.96%, 42.93%), ATG5 (58.10%, 15.41%) and Beclin1 (91.82%, 119.71%) compared with SAE group. Further, TMP-activated autophagy was reversed by used of chloroquine (CQ), and increase p62 (66.94%) expression and inhibit LC3II/I ratio (21.94%).
Conclusions
TMP expressed neuroprotective effects against SAE via activating autophagy, which provide experimental evidence for the clinically beneficial application to treat SAE.
Biochar-Based Water Treatent System For Sawmill, Villaverde, Nueva Vizcaya
Authors: Nebrida Alan , Rodolfo Jonathan S.
Published: February 2024

A thorough research was conducted to address water quality concerns in Villaverde, Nueva Vizcaya. The study focused on designing and evaluating the Biochar-Based Water Treatment System. This study was conducted to address the urgent need for the provision of potable water that is free from contaminants, particularly during times of increased turbidity caused by heavy precipitation. The basis of the system is rooted in the use of biochar, which is created particularly from coconut shells. This particular kind of biochar is renowned for its remarkable adsorptive qualities. A treatment system with a 250 mL/minute flow rate was constructed using a systematic design methodology. The efficacy of this system underwent comprehensive testing, including evaluations of both physical characteristics and bacteriological integrity. The findings of the study revealed a statistically significant enhancement in the transparency of water and the reduction of microbiological hazards, particularly when the flow rates were lower. The economic evaluations, including both the breakeven analysis and the Benefit-to-Cost ratio, further substantiated the feasibility of the system. Over 48 months, it is anticipated that the system would recover both its initial setup expenses and ongoing running costs, therefore providing a viable and cost-effective alternative for the community. The results indicate that the Biochar-Based Water Treatment System has the capacity to provide safe drinking water and offers significant economic benefits. This system represents a crucial advancement in the pursuit of sustainable water management in the Villaverde municipality.
Study of maternal satisfaction and associated factors toward spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: a cross-sectional study
Authors: zaher Omima zaher , dandshli Sabah
Published: February 2024

Background
Maternal satisfaction during a cesarean section is an important indicator for measuring the quality of obstetric anesthesia. This study aimed to determine the level of mothers’ satisfaction with spinal anesthesia for a cesarean section.
Methods
A cross-sectional study, conducted on a sample of the Syrian community, including 120 participants, between 5/29/2023 and 10/31/2023. A questionnaire prepared by the supervisor was used. The internal consistency measure was very good (Cronbach-α = 0.946), and included questions about (age, educational level, obstetric history, medical and surgical history...) and a measure of maternal satisfaction with spinal anesthesia (It consists of six topics)
Results
The ages of participants ranged between 21–50 years, with an average age of 30.25. The education level of the largest percentage of participants was university (71.7%). All participants were married (100%). More than half of the participants were parous (65.8%). Only (25%) of the participants experienced pain during surgery. Only (20%) of them suffered from nausea and vomiting postoperatively. Their satisfaction with spinal anesthesia for caesarean section was 60%. In general, the satisfaction rate regarding future spinal anesthesia procedure was (49.3%).
Conclusion
Overall maternal satisfaction can be considered acceptable, but preoperative evaluation and postoperative care are somewhat low. The relationship between the anesthesiologist and the patient and the doctor's attention during the surgical procedure were good. Explaining the benefits and risks of anesthesia techniques to patients, as well as taking their opinion into account, is very important when determining the type of anesthesia.
Solid-state synthesis, drug inclusion and 3D structure elucidation of a M12L8 cage-catenane
Authors: Marti-Rujas Javier , Elli Stefano , Famulari Antonino
Published: February 2024

The solid-state synthesis and fast crystallization of poly-[n]-catenanes self-assembled of mechanically interlocked metal organic cages (MOCs) is virtually unexplored due to the lack of suitable crystals for single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analysis, limiting their progress as advanced functional materials. Here we report the unprecedented inclusion of paracetamol in the cavities of amorphous materials constituted of M12L8, interlocked MOCs synthesized by mechanochemistry (solid-state) under kinetic control. Full structure determination of a low-crystallinity and low-resolution powders of the M12L8 poly-[n]-catenane including paracetamol has been carried out combining XRD data and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations using a multi-step approach. Each M12L8 cage contains six paracetamol guests (of a maximum of 10 that can include) which is confirmed by thermal analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The drug loading has been also carried out by the instant synthesis method using a saturated paracetamol solution in which TPB and ZnI2 self-assemble immediately (i.e., 1–5 seconds) encapsulating ⁓7 paracetamol molecules in the M12L8 nanocages under kinetic control also giving a good selectivity. The cargo nature of the M12L8 cages, the low toxicity of Zn(II) and the fact that 1global in an aqueous media is disassembled releasing the drug, makes poly-[n]-catenane 1global a potential drug delivery agent.
Price Forecasting of Aquatic Products Based on Weight Allocation Intelligent Combinatorial Modelling
Authors: Wu Daqing , Lu Binfeng , Xu Zinuo
Published: February 2024

The price prediction of aquatic products is of great significance to the socio-economic development and fisheries industry. However, due to the complexity and uncertainty of the aquatic product market, traditional forecasting methods often struggle to accurately predict price fluctuations. Therefore, this study adopts a intelligence combination model to enhance the accuracy of aquatic product price prediction. Firstly, three decomposition methods, namely empirical wavelet transform, singular spectrum analysis, and variational mode decomposition, are applied to decompose the complex original price series. Secondly, a combination of bidirectional long short-term memory artificial neural network, extreme learning machine, and exponential smoothing prediction methods is used for cross-prediction on the decomposed results. Subsequently, these predicted result are input into the PSO-CS intelligence algorithm for weight allocation and generating combined prediction results. Empirical analysis is conducted using the data of daily sea purchase price of larimichthys crocea in Ningde City. The combination prediction accuracy with PSO-CS weight allocation is found to be higher than that of single model predictions, yielding superior results. Based on the weight allocation intelligent combinatorial modelling, the prediction of aquatic product prices demonstrates higher accuracy and stability, enabling better adaptation to market changes and price fluctuations.
Acute Subdural Hematoma Regarding Glial Cystic Changes– A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Encarnación-Santos Daniel , Rubenovich-Chikava Dmitriy , Pachev Murat , Bozkurt ismail , Chmutin Gennady , Chaurasia Bipin
Published: February 2024

Background
This report attempts to examine a controversial case of trauma-associated acute subdural hematoma (ASH). In that case, surgical intervention indicates an intraoperative craniectomy with trephine evacuation or, if the patient is eligible, a Decompressive Craniectomy.
Clinical Case Description
A 51-year-old male was referred to our emergency room due to severe dysarthria and left hemiparesis precipitated by a traumatic event to the right frontoparietal region. demonstrated an (ASH) associated with areas of cystic-glial transformation. Confirmed by CT and follow-up.
Conclusion
A case that illustrates and favors surgical intervention for evacuation with priority and recovery by osteoplastic craniotomy as a treatment and approaches to subdural hematoma, hematoma, and postoperative compliance after said procedure.
Cumulative Impact of Herbicides and Tillage on Soil Microbiome, Fungal Diversity and Crop Productivity under Conservation Agriculture
Authors: Nthebere Knight , Tata Ram Prakash , Bhimireddy Padmaja , Gudapati Jayasree , Admala Meena , Chandran Latha P , Yadav Maniyala Bhargava Narasimha
Published: February 2024

In a diversified cropping system, the kinds of tillage methods and weed management choices adopted exert a significant influence on soil microbiome which has a bearing on crop productivity. The synergetic impacts of such practices on soil microbiome in association with yield under cotton-maize-Sesbania rostrata rotation with CA have not been extensively explored thus far in Southern India. Therefore, a 4-years CA experiment was undertaken to investigate the impact of tillage and weed management on soil microbiome and fungal diversity at 30 DAS and tasselling of maize, crop yield and identify a sustainable tillage and weed management which can provide nature-based solution. Three tillage practices; T1:CT(C)-CT(M)-fallow (NSr), T2:CT(C)-ZT(M)-ZT(Sr) and T3:ZT + R(C)-ZT + R(M)-ZT + R(Sr) and weed control tactics involved; W1-chemical weed control, W2-chemical (herbicide) rotation, W3- integrated weed management (IWM) and W4-non-weeded control laid out in split-plot design. Rhizosphere soil and rhizoplane samples were collected from the respective plots at 30 DAS after herbicides application and tasselling. Analysis for microbial population, enzyme and microbial activities viz., soil basal respiration (SBR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), microbial quotient (qMB), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and nitrogen (SMBN) was done duly following standard procedures. The rRNA gene sequencing with 18s was performed with rhizosphere soil and rhizoplane fungi isolated at tasselling. Yield was recorded at harvest. The salient findings indicated; a decline in enzyme activities, microbial population, microbial activities at initial stages (30 DAS) due to impact of herbicides which later on increased by tasseling except qCO2 which decreased. These biological properties were higher under T3 and non-weeded control followed by IWM except qCO2 which showed a decreasing trend relative to T1, T2 and W1, W2 at both sampling stages of maize. Kernel yield (KY) and System yield (SY) were enhanced by T3 and IWM, herbicides treated plots (W1 and W2) compared to T1, T2 and non-weeded control. Talaromyces flavus, beneficially rhizosphere soil inhabitant was identified in T3 in combination with IWM. Considering both crop productivity and soil biological assessment, T3 and IWM was considered as best treatment combination among all others with SY (4453 kg ha− 1). These findings signify the importance of adopting reduced tillage (T3) and IWM for the farmer while striving for Nature-based solution.
Cumulative Impact of Herbicides and Tillage on the Soil Microbiome, Fungal Diversity and Crop Productivity under Conservation Agriculture
Authors: Nthebere Knight , Tata Ram Prakash , Bhimireddy Padmaja , Gudapati Jayasree , Admala Meena , Chandran Latha P , Yadav Manikyala Bhargava Narasimha
Published: February 2024

In a diversified cropping system, the tillage methods and weed management practices significantly influence the soil microbiome, which affects crop productivity. The synergetic impacts of such practices on the soil microbiome in association with yield under cotton–maize–Sesbania rostrata rotation with CA have not been extensively explored thus far in southern India. Therefore, a 4-year CA experiment was undertaken to investigate the impact of tillage and weed management on the soil microbiome and fungal diversity at 30 DAS and on the tasselling of maize and crop yield and to identify sustainable tillage and weed management practices that can provide nature-based solutions. The three tillage practices used were T1: CT(C)-CT(M)-fallow (NSr), T2: CT(C)-ZT(M)-ZT(Sr) and T3: ZT+R(C)-ZT+R(M)-ZT+R(Sr), and the following weed control tactics were used: W1-chemical weed control, W2-chemical (herbicide) rotation, W3- integrated weed management (IWM) and the W4-non-weeded control. Rhizosphere soil and rhizoplane samples were collected from the respective plots at 30 DAS after herbicide application and tasselling. Analysis of the microbial population and enzyme and microbial activities, viz., soil basal respiration (SBR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), microbial quotient (qMB), and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and nitrogen (SMBN), was performed following standard procedures. rRNA gene sequencing of 18S rRNA was performed with rhizosphere soil and rhizoplane fungi isolated at tasselling. The yield was recorded at harvest. The salient findings indicated a decrease in enzyme activity, microbial population, and microbial activity at the initial stage (30 DAS) due to the impact of herbicides, which subsequently increased in response to tasselling, except for qCO2, which decreased. These biological properties were greater in the T3 treatment and nonweeded control followed by IWM, except for qCO2, which showed a decreasing trend relative to T1 and T2 and W1 and W2 at both sampling stages of maize. K yield (KY) and system yield (SY) were greater in the T3, IWM, and herbicide-treated plots (W1 and W2) than in the T1, T2 and nonweeded control plots. Talaromyces flavus, a beneficial rhizosphere soil inhabitant, was identified in T3 in combination with the IWM. Considering both crop productivity and soil biological assessment, T3 and IWM were considered the best treatment combinations among all the other treatments with SY (4453 kg ha-1). These findings signify the importance of adopting reduced tillage (T3) and IWM for farmers while striving for nature-based solutions.
Unraveling the Mechanism of Response: Genomic Sequencing Insights into a Rare Case of Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome-Associated High-Risk Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Koya Supriya , Ponnam Sreeja , Guntipalli Prathima
Published: February 2024

Background
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a very rare, genetic, developmental disease. RSTS patients have been reported to have some predilection to certain cancers. We report a rare case of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome patient that developed Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
Case Presentation
Patient had both germline and somatic mutation in CREBBP (the cyclic-AMP-regulated enhancer-binding protein) gene. CREBBP has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis and less response to chemotherapy. We treated the patient with R-EPOCH with excellent response. Based on the rarity of this diagnosis and development of lymphoma in this patient, we sought to establish a genomic connection between Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome and its association with high-risk DLBCL. The distinct response observed in this case warrants further investigation into the potential benefits of intensified therapies in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients harboring specific genetic alterations like CREBBP as seen in this case.
Conclusions
This case report gives Genomic Sequencing Insights into a Rare Case of Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome-associated high-risk Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.
Secondary metabolites in host pears defense against two fruit borers and cytochrome P450-mediated counterdefense
Authors: Zhang Shi-Pan , Bai Bing , Chen Gao-Man , Wang Ya-Qi , Hu Chao , Liu Xu-Fei , Gao Ping , Li Yu-Ting , Fu Nan-Xia , Xue-Qing
Published: February 2024

Herbivores insects have evolved metabolic strategies to survive the challenges posed by plant secondary metabolites (SMs). This study reports an exploration of SMs present in pears, which serve as a defense against invasive Cydia pomonella and native Grapholitha molesta, and their counterdefense response. The feeding preferences of fruit borers are influenced by the softening of two pear varieties as they ripen. The content of SMs, such as quercetin and rutin, increasing due to feeding by fruit borers. Notably, quercetin levels only increase after C. pomonella feeding. The consumption of SMs affects the growth of fruit borers populations differently, potentially due to the activation of P450 genes by SMs. These two fruit borers equipped with specific P450 enzymes that specialize in metabolizing quercetin and rutin, enabling them to adapt to these SMs in their host fruits. These findings provide valuable insights into the co-evolution of plants and herbivorous insects.
Vivencia y convivencia cultural en Chile: algunas ideas desde la filosofía intercultural
Authors: Zuchel Lorena , González Fuentes Lorena
Published: February 2024

La filosofía intercultural ha asumido como objetivo filosófico la convivencia entre culturas y, en ella, la pregunta por si las personas y comunidades de diversas tradiciones pueden entenderse y vivir juntas, trascendiendo el acto de compartir unos límites geográficos en un determinado tiempo. En efecto, la filosofía intercultural se ha preguntado por esa convivencia en un sentido más exigente que otras corrientes filosóficas naturalistas o políticas, las cuales se han quedado en la fundamentación de la convivencia desde la necesidad humana o la tolerancia. La exigencia que se ha propuesto la filosofía intercultural desde los años noventa pone énfasis en lo que Raúl Fornet-Betancourt llamó “calidad del convivir” o convivialidad. En el presente escrito, se profundiza en estas ideas, mostrando las implicancias y los desafíos que ha tenido la compresión de la interculturalidad en Chile, desde una u otra forma.
Changing dividend payout behavior and predicting dividend policy in emerging markets: Evidence from India
Authors: Kumar Amit , Sinha Pankaj
Published: February 2024

Dividends have become increasingly important for capital market participants to achieve financial goals in the rapidly changing Indian economy. This study aims to simplify the evolving Indian dividend puzzle by analyzing the dividend trends, examining the evolving nature of firm and macroeconomic determinants of dividends, and developing a dividend policy prediction model. Dividend trends of 3,162 non-financial listed Indian firms from 2006–2022 are studied to gain insights about the Indian dividend puzzle. Regularization and logit models are used to explore the nature of impact of important dividend determinants. Data-mining methods are employed to build a robust model for dividend policy prediction. Trend analysis reveals a decline in the quantum of dividends and proportion of dividend-paying firms with approximately 90% of the dividend-payers belonging to the manufacturing and service sector. Further findings suggest that size, age, maturity, profitability, past dividends, earnings, and bank monitoring of firms had a favorable impact on the likelihood of dividend payments. Macroeconomic indicators such as GDP growth rate, repo rate, percentage change in equity issues, listings, gross fixed assets formation also had a positive impact. The annual percentage change in debt issues and new project announcements at the macro level with investment prospects at firm level negatively impacted dividends. Dividend prediction model based on the random forest technique achieved the highest prediction accuracy of 90.77% and 77.31% under binomial and multi-class situations. These findings are expected to help corporate executives, portfolio managers and investors proactively design optimal dividend policies and formulate their investment strategies.
Modelagem da evasão do ensino superior nos campi do IFMS por meio de dados educacionais socioeconômicos
Authors: Dos Santos Gilson Saturnino , Kahmann Alessandro , Perry Gabriela Trindade
Published: February 2024

Vários trabalhos destacam os diferentes fatores (econômicos, sociais, institucionais, entre outros) que influenciam na evasão escolar em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) brasileiras, bem como os problemas provocados pela desistência dos estudantes. Cientes da necessidade de investigar fatores associados à evasão, utilizamos dados de cerca de 2500 estudantes, coletados em 8 campi do Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (IFMS) para averiguar, por meio de regressão logística, se as características presentes nesses dados podem prever a evasão destes estudantes. Após preparação, transformação e análise de modelos, foram identificadas variáveis que determinam probabilidade de o estudante evadir ou concluir seu curso. Concluímos que a identificação de variáveis relacionadas à evasão deve ser feita em cada instituição, e preferencialmente cruzada com indicadores econômicos globais e informações sobre fatores relacionados à instituição e ao mercado de trabalho.
Reflexões sobre gênero, ciência e carreira científica a partir do olhar de docentes de uma universidade federal
Authors: Walczak Aline Teresinha , Da Silva Fabiane Ferreira
Published: February 2024

A ciência, sendo parte da construção humana, reproduz em seu interior determinados valores socioculturais, se constituindo assim, de forma androcêntrica e sexista, que, por muito tempo, restringiu e excluiu as mulheres de seu contexto. Essa pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa exploratória, ancorada nos Estudos Culturais e de Gênero, na perspectiva pós-estruturalista, objetivou, a partir do uso de questionários, investigar alguns elementos da carreira científica das docentes de uma universidade federal, bem como suas concepções sobre o que é ciência e ser cientista. Percebemos, a partir da pesquisa, que a ciência ainda se constitui “inóspita” às mulheres, que ainda encontram barreiras e dificuldades em permanecer e ascender na carreira científica, principalmente em áreas consideradas masculinas. Ainda, foi possível perceber que as concepções das docentes sobre o que é ciência e ser cientista, constituem-se em torno do fazer pesquisa e possuir determinadas características, como a curiosidade, inquietação e a busca pela inovação.
Imaginação narrativa e a formação estética: A formação e atuação docente no ensino superior
Authors: Agostini Camila Chiodi , Fávero Altair Alberto , Rigoni Larissa Morés
Published: February 2024

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar alguns fundamentos que apontem a possibilidade do cruzamento dos conceitos de imaginação narrativa e a formação estética como implemento da formação e atuação docente no Ensino Superior, em busca de uma formação integral e mais humana. O presente artigo busca responder satisfatoriamente a seguinte questão: há possibilidade de aproximação dos conceitos de imaginação narrativa e a formação estética como implemento da formação e atuação docente no Ensino Superior? Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa básica, com uma abordagem qualitativa, a partir de procedimento bibliográfico, com análise hermenêutica-analítica e reflexiva dos conceitos teóricos apresentados, a fim de conjugar novos entendimentos sobre as discussões apresentadas. Com a realização da pesquisa é possível conceber que pensar a formação do docente no Ensino Superior, de forma a aproximar e internalizar na prática os conceitos de formação da sensível, da estética e da imaginação narrativa, pode contribuir para o exercício de uma formação dos alunos de forma mais efetiva, a fim de tornar essa educação mais inclusiva, de pertencimento e acolhimento do outro
Case report – mesioclusion treated with Bimler C períod of 12 months
Authors: Sampaio Márcia do Amaral , de Almeida-Junior Luciano Aparecido
Published: February 2024

This study aims to present a clinical case and assess the efficacy of the Bimler C Elastic Modeler, a functional orthopedic appliance, in the early treatment of a patient diagnosed with mesiocclusion (mandibular prognathism) based on Bimler and McNamara Cephalometrics. Additionally, we aim to delineate the observed positive changes in facial expression during the course of treatment with this functional orthopedic appliance. The female patient, aged six years and nine months, manifested atypical swallowing, respiratory challenges, and allergic conditions such as rhinitis. Comprehensive examination further revealed facial asymmetry and a smile with lip asymmetry. Intra-oral examination exposed a rightward deviation of the mandible, crossbite, open bite, and mesiocclusion. The proposed intervention encompassed the application of the Bimler Elastic Modeler (BEM) functional orthopedic appliance. The documented treatment duration spanned 12 months, with ongoing monitoring every 2 or 3 months. The treatment, utilizing the BEM functional orthopedic appliance, coupled with exercises and adjustments, improved mandibular and tongue posture, enhancing overall chewing balance. The appliance effectively repositioned the mandible to a more balanced position approaching normocclusion, achieving this without causing pain or discomfort and without the necessity for elastic or constant forces. Given the crucial role of facial expression muscles in these activities, a pronounced enhancement in facial harmony was observed. These affirmative outcomes significantly contributed to heightened patient engagement throughout the treatment process and a concomitant enhancement in patient self-esteem, attributable to the documented aesthetic and functional ameliorations.
Case report – distoclusion treated with Bimler A períod of 12 months
Authors: Sampaio Márcia do Amaral , de Almeida-Junior Luciano Aparecido
Published: February 2024

The Bimler type A utilizes forces derived from muscles, particularly the tongue, concomitantly, it acts as a systemic, dynamic and functional treatment, Bimler appliances transmit neural excitation throughout the system. The objective of this study was to present a clinical case and demonstrate the efficacy of the functional orthopedic appliance, specifically the Bimler A elastic modeler, in the treatment of a patient diagnosed with distoclusion (prognathism of the maxilla and retrognathism of the mandible) according to Bimler and McNamara cephalometry. The case involved a 9-year and 11-month-old male patient with atypical swallowing, respiratory issues, and allergic conditions such as asthma. Clinical examination and complementary tests revealed a large overjet, a narrow maxilla and mandible, an open bite, and distoclusion (retrognathism). The proposed intervention included the installation of the Bimler Elastic Modeler (BEM), type A. The treatment duration was 12 months, with ongoing monitoring every 2 or 3 months. The comprehensive approach, combining BEM type A, chewing exercises, and occlusal adjustments, resulted in orthopedic changes improved mandibular, tongue, lip, and head posture, as well as enhanced chewing balance. Importantly, the appliance effectively repositioned the mandible into a more balanced, normoccluded position without the need for elastic or constant forces. Beyond the orthodontic changes, the active engagement of facial expression muscles during these activities contributed to an overall improvement in facial harmony, achieving lip seal and notable enhancements in breathing. These positive changes extended to the patient’s daily activities and sports performance. The observed outcomes not only increased the child’s active participation in the treatment but also positively impacted self-esteem, driven by the aesthetic, functional, and psychological improvements experienced.
Solving Saint Venant torsion problems for rectangular beams using single finite Fourier sine transform method
Authors: Ike Charles Chinwuba
Published: February 2024

This research presents the single Fourier sine transform method (SFSTM) for solving the Saint Venant torsion problem of rectangular prismatic bars. The problem is a common theme in the theory of elasticity of unrestrained torsion which was previously expressed by Prandtl using Prandtl stress functions ϕ(x,y) as a Poisson type nonhomogeneous partial differential equation (PDE) called the stress compatibility equation. In this work the SFSTM was applied to the stress compatibility equation, converting the PDE to an easier to solve ordinary differential equation (ODE) in the transformed domain. The boundary conditions were used to find the integration constant and inversion was used to find the solution in the physical domain. The non vanishing stresses and torsional moments were thus found as a single series of infinite terms with rapid convergence. The maximum stresses and moments were found in standard form in terms of torsional parameters which were tabulated for various ratios of the cross-sectional dimensions. A comparison of the torsional parameters with previous results show that the present results are identical with previous results illustrating the accuracy of the SFSTM used. The sine kernel of the SFSTM satisfies the boundary conditions of the problem and contributed to the exact solution obtained. The SFSTM simplified the PDE to an ODE which is simpler to solve.
Optimization of electronic sensors based on the connection structure of double rotors with circular arc end teeth
Authors: Lv Yi
Published: February 2024

To analyze the mechanical performance of the arc end tooth connection structure, the optimization of electronic sensors based on the connection structure of double rotors with circular arc end teeth was studied. By designing and optimizing the structural dimensions of the arc end tooth, the relative position of the grinding wheel and the workpiece was determined, and the optimal electromagnetic actuator size, as well as the number and installation position of the optimized sensors, were obtained. The experimental results showed that the relative error of the rigid vibration mode of the arc end tooth double rotor connection structure was controlled within 10 %. At high speeds, the electromagnetic actuator had a significant control effect on the vibration of the centrifugal machine shaft. It diminished the vibration amplitudes in the X and Y directions by 37.6 % and 30.2 %, respectively. By optimizing the double rotor connection structure with circular end teeth and electronic sensors, effective control of the relative error of rigid vibration modes has been achieved, leading to significant reduction of the centrifugal shaft's vibration at high speeds. In addition, the sensor layout was optimized to enable real-time equipment vibration monitoring, ensuring equipment safety and stability. These achievements not only enhance the mechanical performance of the rotor system, but also provide important guarantees for the stability of the mechanical system.
Mycobacterial Targets for Thiourea Derivatives: Opportunities for
Virtual Screening in Tuberculosis Drug Discovery
Authors: de Melo Milani Vinicius , Silva Mariana Luiza , Camargo Priscila Goes , de Lima Ferreira Bispo Marcelle
Published: February 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a primary global health concern, necessitating the discovery
and development of new anti-TB drugs, mainly to combat drug-resistant strains. In
this context, thiourea derivatives have emerged as promising candidates in TB drug discovery
due to their diverse chemical structures and pharmacological properties. This review
aimed to explore this potential, identifying and exploring molecular targets for thiourea derivatives
in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and the potential application of virtual
screening techniques in drug discovery. We have compiled a comprehensive list of possible
molecular targets of thiourea derivatives in Mtb. The enzymes are primarily involved in the
biosynthesis of various cell wall components, including mycolic acids, peptidoglycans, and
arabinans, or targets in the branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis (BCAA) pathway and
detoxification mechanisms. We discuss the potential of these targets as critical constituents
for the design of novel anti-TB drugs. Besides, we highlight the opportunities that virtual
screening methodologies present in identifying potential thiourea derivatives that can interact
with these molecular targets. The presented findings contribute to the ongoing efforts in
TB drug discovery and lay the foundation for further research in designing and developing
more effective treatments against this devastating disease.
Correlation between Quality of Life and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
with Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Parrey Ashaq , Koka Manzoor , Ismail Mohd
Published: February 2024

Background::

Inflammatory markers are crucial in diagnosing and monitoring rheumatoid
arthritis. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) live with constant pain that limits their daily
activities. Our study highlights the effects of disease activity on the quality of life in patients with
rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods::

Swollen joint count (SJC), tender joint count (TJC), and visual activity scale (VAS)
were utilized to acquire patients' subjective feelings of wellness and their performance of routine
daily activities to determine the disease activity. The patient's erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
was measured at the clinical hematology laboratory using the Westergren method. The Quality
of Life was rated on a scale of 1 to 10.

Results::

Our study found that disease activity is inversely proportional to the quality of life. Out
of 111 patients, 3 (2.7%) were in remission, 1 (0.9%) had mild disease, 51 (45.9%) had moderate
disease, and 56 (50.5%) had high disease activity. The ESR was normal (<20) in 11 patients
(9.9%), moderately elevated (20-50) in 56 (50.5%) patients, and very high (>50) in 44 (39.6%) patients.
The study revealed that 66% of patients in remission had normal, while 33% had moderately
elevated ESR. 12.5% of patients with moderate disease activity had normal ESR, and none with
high disease activity had normal ESR. Of 44 patients with high ESR, 7 had moderate disease activity,
and 37 had high disease activity. In our study, 60% of patients had a less than 50% quality of
life compared to patients with pre-arthritis.

Conclusion::

High disease activity affects the productivity and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid
arthritis. Assessing the impact of different interventions on the QOL should be an essential
task that can help define a holistic and integrative treatment and rehabilitation model for RA patients.