bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Varying Durations of Synbiotic Use on Growth Performance in Cobb-500 Broilers
Authors: Acharya Arjun , Barsila Shanker Raj , Devkota Bhuminand , Basnet Hom Bahadur
Published: January 2025

Synbiotics, a combination of probiotics and prebiotics, are increasingly being explored as alternatives to antibiotics in poultry nutrition due to rising consumer demand for antibiotic-free products and concerns about antibiotic resistance. With these issues, and the ban on antibiotics as growth promoters, the poultry industry is shifting toward natural feed additives. Synbiotics have gained attention for their potential as an effective growth promoter. Broiler growth performance, a critical factor for profitability, can be enhanced using synbiotics, which improve gut health, increase feed efficiency, and boost overall growth. The effectiveness of synbiotics, however, is influenced by the method, timing, and duration of administration. This study focuses on determining the optimal duration of synbiotic supplementation to maximize weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and gut health, aiming for more efficient and sustainable poultry production. To evaluate the impact of varying supplementation durations, a trial was conducted with day-old Cobb-500 chicks (420 in number), divided into seven treatment groups with six replicates of 10 chicks each. The study was carried out at Fewa Group of Poultry Industries Pvt. Ltd., Pokhara, Nepal, over six weeks, with weekly treatments lasting from the 1st to the 6th week, including a control group without synbiotic supplementation. Weekly performance parameters such as feed consumption, weight gain, and FCR were recorded. The results demonstrated that continuous synbiotic supplementation in feed throughout the rearing period of 6 weeks at the recommended levels significantly improved growth performance. Feed consumption increased notably in the fifth and sixth weeks, while weight gain was positively influenced from the third week onward. Additionally, cumulative feed intake, average weight, and FCR at 42 days showed substantial improvement, indicating that synbiotics are a viable alternative to antibiotics for promoting growth when used throughout the rearing periods of 6 weeks in broiler production.
Use of Botanical Extracts against Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis l.) in Stored Chickpea in Laboratory Condition
Authors: Bhattarai Roshani , Gurung Nischal , Singh Narendra Bahadur , Dawadi Bishnu
Published: January 2025

Pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) is an economic pest of stored pulses. The chemicals used for seed protection create human health and environmental risks. Thus, an experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of locally available botanicals as an alternative against pulse beetle in   chickpeas at the entomology laboratory of Lamjung Campus from April to June 2023. Eight treatments comprising untreated control and powdered botanicals like leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Ocimum sanctum L., and Cinnamomum tamala Buch.-Ham., the rhizome of Acorus calamus L. and Curcuma longa L., seed of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. and fruit of Capsicum annum  L. were replicated three times in completely randomized design. Treatments were prepared by mixing botanicals at a rate of 0.5 grams per 50 grams of chickpea. newly emerged pulse beetle adults were used in each treatment. Weevil mortality was observed every two days. Progeny emergence was recorded from the 25th to 42 days. Weight loss and percentage of damaged seeds were recorded at the end of the experiment. All the botanicals differed significantly from the control in weevil mortality starting at 6 days of treatment application along with weight loss, seed damage and progeny deterrence which were assessed at the end of experiment. Among the botanicals, A. calamus and Z. armatum showed superior performance achieving 100% weevil mortality by the sixth day of treatment, while completely preventing seed damage and exhibiting 100% progeny deterrence and lowest weight loss. Hence, botanicals can manage beetles during pulse storage.
Impact of Effective Viscosity on Blood Flow through Sinusoidal Stenosed Curved Artery
Authors: Pokharel Chudamani , Kafle Jeevan , Bhatta Chet Raj
Published: January 2025

Atherosclerosis induced narrowing of arteries reduces blood flow to critical regions, contributing to conditions such as ischemia, angina, and strokes. Curvature is observed in blood vessels at various locations. The sinusoidal stenotic surface provides additional curvature and a point of maximum shear, which varies with the cross-section. This research extends the cylindrical form of the Navier-Stokes equations in a polar coordinate system to incorporate effective viscosity and axial curvature, enabling the analysis of blood flow behavior in curved arteries with sinusoidal stenosis. The blood flow behavior was studied by taking different blood parameters using an extended blood flow model. Moreover, aspects of blood flow such as velocity profile, volumetric flow rate, pressure drop, and shear stress have been studied in relation to blood flow around curved arteries with sinusoidal stenosis, variations in the radii of the artery, thickness of the stenosis, hematocrit, and viscosity. The findings reveal that increasing the values of curvature, hematocrit, viscosity, and thickness of stenosis can quickly reduce velocity and volumetric flow rate while amplifying shear stress and pressure drop. This research considers flow conditions consistent with prior studies and opens routes for exploring unsteady and three-dimensional effects in similar geometries.
A Result on an Integral Involving Product of Two Generalized Hypergeometric Functions and Its Applications
Authors: Basnet Ganesh Bahadur , Pahari Narayan Prasad , Poudel Madhav Prasad
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research note is to provide an interesting integral involving product of generalized hypergeometric functions. This is achieved with the help of a known integral involving hypergeometric function available in the literature. Several results obtained earlier by Harsh et al. [5] follow special cases and some applicable particular examples of our main findings.
Dynamic Insights into Dengue: Leveraging Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolution Networks
Authors: Bhandari Harish Chandra , Pandey Hem Raj , Pandeya Yagya Raj , Jha Kanhaiya
Published: January 2025

Examining the nexus between dengue fever and weather variables, this study proposes the innovative application of Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolution Network (STGCN) models to unravel complex patterns. Through extensive experimentation, our STGCN model demonstrates exceptional proficiency in capturing synthetic data patterns generated by the SEIR-SEI model, indicating its potential for real-world applications. Integrating human mobility networks and weather attributes into our approach enables more precise predictions of dengue cases. Leveraging these advanced machine learning techniques, particularly STGCN, we significantly advance our comprehension of the nuanced dynamics of disease transmission. This interdisciplinary approach represents a seminal advancement in combating vector-borne diseases, with profound implications for public health policy and decision-making.
Blow up of Solutions for the Logarithmic Higher-Order Kirchhoff-Type Equation with Variable Exponent
Authors: Yılmaz Nebi , Pi¸skin Erhan
Published: January 2025

In this work, we investigate the logarithmic higher-order Kirchhoff-type equation with variable exponents as follows (Equation can be seen in the article).  We proved that under suitable conditions on the initial data, a finite-time blow up result for solutions with negative initial energy.
Modeling the Impact of Human Population on the Dynamics of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Climate Change
Authors: Gupta Rabindra Kumar
Published: January 2025

A non-linear model is put forward and comprehended to understand climate change caused by change in the most abundance greenhouse gas CO2 due to the influence of human activities. The deterministic model (ODE) is followed by stochastic model (SDE) with the introduction of random noise to depict the more realistic situation as it includes environmental disturbances. Three state variables which are used in the model are human population, concentration of CO2, and forest biomass. It is formulated on the assumption that the concentration of atmospheric CO2 increases due to anthropogenic emissions as well as naturally when organisms respire, forest fire and volcano eruption. It also depletes naturally through nat ural sink (ocean, soil and plants). Equilibrium analysis and stability analysis of the model are performed. Numerical simulations are performed to justify the analytical results. The outcomes of the paper explain that the concentration of atmospheric CO2 can be lowered by minimizing the rate of use of forest biomass by human population which in turn slows down the growth of human population that ultimately reduces the anthropogenic emissions of CO2 gas. This decrement in the concentration of atmospheric CO2 gas controls the climate change
Few Theorems on an Extension of Bailey’s Formula Involving Product of Two Generalized Hypergeometric Functions
Authors: Paudel Resham Prasad , Pahari Narayan Prasad , Poudel Madhav Prasad
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an extensive study of the product two generalized hypergeometric functions. Particularly motivated by the papers of Kim et al. and Rakha et al., our aim of this note is to provide two interesting extensions of the well-known Bailey’s formula involving product of two generalized hypergeometric functions. The special cases of our main findings are some well-known results.
Compatible Mappings and Its Various Variants in Metric Space
Authors: Karn Uday Kumar , Bhatta Chet Raj , Chaudhary Ajay Kumar
Published: January 2025

A study on compatible mappings becomes necessary to do research on multiple self-mappings to find the fixed points, called common fixed points in fixed point theory. To obtain the weaker forms of commuting mappings [16], G. Jungck introduced the notion of compatible mappings [18] in metric space in 1986.
This article presents a study on compatible mappings and their various variants of non-commuting map pings in metric space and verifies its relationship through examples. It facilitates comparative analysis and strengthens the relationship between them.
Editorial Vol.7(1)
Authors: Jha Ashok Kumar
Published: January 2025

The JOM is a peer-reviewed academic research journal registered with the online academic platform NepJOL, TU Central Library, Kirtipur that offers a platform for academicians, professionals and scholars to publish their original research in the field of management, commerce studies, business Laws, economics and managerial communication. The scholarly and research articles published in the present Journal has undergone the editorial peer review process prior to publication to ensure that only the acceptable standard articles are published.
Ethical Leadership and Employee Commitment in Nepalese Co-operatives: Exploring the Mediating Role of Trust
Authors: Bhandari Dilli Ram , Subedi Dhruba Prasad
Published: January 2025

In today's fast-changing and competitive work environment, ethical leadership is very important. It can lead to positive results for employees. This study looks at how ethical leadership affects employees' commitment. It also examines how trust in leadership plays a role in this relationship, focusing on co-operative societies in Nepal. To achieve the objective, data were primarily collected through structured questionnaires using a convenience sampling technique from 391 employees of Nepalese cooperative societies. The data were analyzed with Process Macro 4, utilizing a 95% confidence interval and 5,000 bootstrapping samples. The results of this study indicate that ethical leadership has a significant impact on employee commitment. Additionally, leadership trust fully mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and employee commitment. This study also emphasized that leaders who demonstrate ethical behavior not only build their credibility but also cultivate a workplace culture that encourages employee loyalty and retention. It further contributes to the understanding of the ethical leadership in nurturing the employees’ commitment in their organization.
Human Resource Development Initiatives and Employee Engagement in Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Niraula Ganesh Prasad , Kharel Shreekrishna , Mainali Bhawani Prasad
Published: January 2025

In the twenty-first century, concerns about employee compassion, exhaustion, and burnout have affected a lot of enterprises worldwide. All firms want to improve their workforce's cognitive, physical, and emotional involvement in order to address the difficulties. In order to address this issue, the purpose of this study is to conduct research into the human resource development initiatives and employee engagement in Nepalese commercial banks. The training and development, career development, performance management and job security are independent and employee engagement is the dependent variable. Descriptive and causal comparative research designs are used. The finite population of the study is 46508 and 384 employees were randomly chosen as respondents from 10 commercial banks in Nepal. A standardized Likert Scale questionnaire was used to collect the data with 1 specifying strongly disagree and 5 specifying a strongly agree. The data were analyzed using regression and descriptive statistics. The Chronbach's Alpha value has been used to measure reliability. The average alpha value of all the variables was 0.94 which has been considered excellent in quantitative research. The study findings show that career development, training and development, performance management and job security have been excellent on employee engagement in Nepalese commercial banks. This study's primary focus is on the necessity of proactive, all-encompassing approaches to human resource development initiatives in order to ensure alignment with business objectives and give top priority to employee engagement.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Bilateral Trade: Evidence from India and Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Padma Kumar
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the macroeconomic determinants of bilateral trade between Nepal and India using the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze both short-term and long-term dynamics. The analysis reveals that the GDP of both Nepal and India significantly impacts Nepal's exports, emphasizing the critical role of economic growth in enhancing trade. Financial development and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) are also found to positively influence Nepal's export performance, highlighting the importance of a robust financial sector and foreign investment. Conversely, Nepal's GDP hurts imports from India, indicating a shift towards domestic production as the economy grows, while India's GDP positively influences Nepalese imports. Financial development further facilitates imports, underscoring the significance of financial infrastructure. Although Indian lending interest rates and FDI inflows showed varied significance, their directional impacts align with theoretical expectations. The study also confirms the stability of the ARDL model through diagnostic tests, reinforcing the reliability of the results. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers aiming to bolster trade relations between Nepal and India, emphasizing the need for macroeconomic stability, financial development, and targeted FDI policies to foster economic growth and regional integration.
Factors Influencing Consumer Behaviour Towards Organic Food in Nepal
Authors: Mishra Uttam , Mishra Udgam , Gadtaula Keshav Prasad , Regmi Uttam Kumar , Kapair Rekha , Gyawali Achyut , Rokka Ravi
Published: January 2025

This study examines consumer behaviour regarding organic food in Nepal, focusing on three key factors: health consciousness, availability, and price perception. This study attempts to identify the determinants of consumer attitude, purchase intention, and actual buying behaviour that will help address the challenges faced by Nepal's emerging organic food market. A quantitative approach was used to prepare a structured questionnaire distributed to 650 participants, and 500 valid responses were analysed. The data were collected using both online and offline methods. The results showed that health consciousness significantly influences attitudes and purchase intentions because consumers perceive organic foods to be healthier, non-contaminated, and without harmful chemicals. Availability has emerged as a vital factor because of the limited accessibility of organic products and the low diffusion results. As perceived, negative purchase intentions consider consumers’ attitudes toward the expensiveness of organic products regarding perceived benefits. High prices and restricted availability are considered reasons for the difference between purchase intention and actual buying behaviour. Research has highlighted that access to and affordability of organic foods in Nepal must be strategized to improve distribution channels, educate consumers, and adjust prices to permit wider adoption.
Control and Resistance: A Study of Dystopia on Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four
Authors: Bhatta Arjun Dev
Published: January 2025

This article explores the life and situation of the people in an Orwellian dystopian society which is ruled and regulated by an authoritarian government. Living under such a despotic government, the dystopian people always remain in fear, terror, and panic where they lose the sense of humanity, individuality, and identity. Orwell’s classical dystopian novel portrays this kind of society in which the totalitarian government treats its subjects as if they were inferior non-humans. I also examine the government’s application of disciplinary mechanisms of control such as surveillance, propaganda, manipulation of language, and reproductive control of its citizens. Besides physical coercion, technological devices as disciplinary tools for controlling thoughts and actions are examined from the theoretical perspective of  Foucauldian ‘discipline’, an idea developed in his work ‘Discipline and Punish’. Based on Foucault’s theoretical insight of power and control, I investigate how the body and mind in a dystopian society are manipulated, exploited, and regimented by the government to achieve the body’s subjection to the authority of the state. Likewise, this article attempts to expose how written narrative and an act of sexuality play a role of resistance within a dystopian society to gain liberation from control. Examining the constant conflict between the domineering state power and people’s perennial resistance, I conclude that Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four is a utopia gone awry.
The Partition's Shadow: Unpacking Trauma in Cracking India
Authors: Bhattarai Krishna Prasad , Bhusal Tilak
Published: January 2025

The main objective of this research paper is to explore partition trauma in Bapsi Sidhwa's Cracking India. By portraying a disabled child, Lenny, as a witness, Sidhwa seems to take the Pakistani Muslim's side. The treatment of partition trauma in this novel is biased. This novel unethically portrays the Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh relationship, so it is culturally guided. Rather than normalizing the Hindu –Muslim wound, Sidhwa presents this relationship from the Pakistani perspective, which reminds the partition trauma and leads to post-traumatic stress disorder. This issue is framed within the theoretical parameter of trauma theory, taking the ideas of Avishai Margalit, Caruth, and Pandey.
An Analytical Study on Menstrual Health and Sanitation among Female Students of Dhankuta Multiple Campus
Authors: Pokhrel Shantanu
Published: January 2025

This study explores menstrual health and sanitation conditions of the female students inhe education faculty of Dhankuta Multiple Campus. Nepalese women experience poor menstruation health and hygiene issues. These issues impact their physical, mental, and social health. To enhance menstrual health and sanitation, it is necessary to examine the current state of the menstrual knowledge and practices among young girls. The study was conducted to identify and examine the knowledge, mensuration practice, and sanitary conditions of the respondents. The sociodemographic profile, the practice of mensuration, and care and sanitation during mensuration are analyzed in this study. The study is based on quantitative analysis and descriptive research design. A total of 60 female students were interviewed through a questionnaire, with 15 participants selected from each academic year. The data were presented in a tabular format and then analyzed. The study discovers a mixed awareness of menstruation health, with certain concerns about cultural factors and access to resources. All 60 participants reported getting information about menstruation before menarche, indicating a good level of awareness. However, the majority (65%) were restricted from certain household activities, highlighting the influence of cultural taboos, particularly among the ethnic group of Brahmin/ Chhetri and within the Hindu religious community. All participants followed sanitation practices which inline with the recommended hygiene practices, however, the study found personal preferences play an important role in menstrual management.
विद्यालय शिक्षामा निःशुल्क शिक्षाको कार्यान्वयन {Implementation of Free Education in School}
Authors: लुइटेल Luintel रमेशप्रसाद Rameshprasad
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत लेख ‘विद्यालय स्तरमा निःशुल्क शिक्षाको कार्यान्वयन’ भन्ने शीर्षकमा तयार पारिएको छ । यसको मुख्य उद्देश्य विद्यालयमा निःशुल्क शिक्षा कार्यान्वयनको वर्तमान अवस्था पत्ता लगाई त्यसमा देखिएका समस्या विश्लेषण गरी समाधानका उपाय सुझाउनु रहेको छ । यो धनकुटा जिल्लाको धनकुटा नगरपालिकामा १–१२ सञ्चालित माध्यमिक विद्यालय र सहिदभूमि गाउँपालिकामा सञ्चालित १–५ स्थित प्रा.वि.लाई सुविधाजनक नमुना छनौट पद्धतिका आधारमा छनोट गरिएको हो । यो लेख तयार पार्दा नमुना छनौटमा परेका व्यक्तिबाट अन्तर्वार्ता, प्रश्नावली र छलफलका आधारमा तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गरी उक्त शाब्दिक र लिखित रुपमा आएका कुरालाई व्याख्या विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्ष निकालिएकाले यो पूर्णत गुणात्मक ढाँचामा आधारित छ । विद्यालय शिक्षा निःशुल्क भने पनि मासिक शुल्क मात्र सरकारले मिनाहा गरेको त्यसका अतिरिक्त विद्यालय व्यवस्थित रुपमा सञ्चालन गर्न आवश्यक भौतिक निर्माण तर्फ लाग्ने रकम, दिवाखाजामा लाग्ने अपुग रकम, परीक्षा शुल्क, खेलकुद शुल्क, पुस्तकालय शुल्क, विद्यालयले निर्धारण गरेको क्यालेन्डर अनुसार शैक्षिक अवलोकन भ्रमण शुल्क र अन्य विविध शीर्षकमा लाग्ने शुल्क आवश्यकताको पहिचान गरी जिम्मेवार विभिन्न निकायले उपलब्ध गराएको रकम त्यसको सदुपयोग के, कसरी भएको छ बारम्बार हेरी पृष्ठपोषण दिई मूल्याङ्कनका आधारमा व्यवस्थापन गर्दै गए मात्र माध्यमिक तहसम्मको शिक्षा पुरै निःशुल्क गर्न सकिन्छ । {The article is prepared on the topic of "Implementation of Free Education on School Level." The main objective of this article is to detect the current condition of free education implementation in school by analyzing the problems inherent and offering solutions to them. Secondary schools running classes 1-12 from Dhankuta Municipality and primary schools running classes 1-5 from Shahidbhumi Rural Municipality have been chosen on the basis of the sample choice method. This article which is prepared on the conclusion by analyzing the lexical and written matters derived from the collection of statistics based on interview, questionnaire, and discussion is based on qualitative structure. The amount required for necessary physical construction, inadequate amount for mid-day meal (lunch), examination fees, sports fees, library fees, educational tour fees (as per the school calendar), and various fees under different topic should be identified apart from reduction of monthly fees provided by the government, despite free school education along with the observation of the utilization of  the amount provided by various responsible authority regularly, and offering suggestions for the management on the basis of evaluation. Only by opting this can the secondary level be entirely free of cost.}
Pilgrimage Tourism Dynamics in Rural Nepal: Assessment of Growth Prospects and its Challenges in Haleshi
Authors: Dhakal Bhola Nath
Published: January 2025

Tourism has unavoidable perspective worldwide. It is a multi-dimensional societal, cultural and economic activity that involves movements of people from one place to another place particularly out of their usual environment with the aim of getting knowledge on new place, cultures, religions, traditions and so on. Pilgrimage tourism is a specific type of tourism that involves travelling to the holy or sacred places for religious and spiritual purposes in different places around the World. This study aims at exploring opportunities and challenges of pilgrimage tourism in Haleshi area of Khotang district. Household questionnaire survey, focus group discussion, Key informant interview and field observation, interactions with tourists/pilgrims have been adopted as primary sources of data and published research articles, census data and government documents have been used as secondary data to accomplish this study. This study reveals that there are many opportunities like natural cave and beautiful sceneries, unique traditions and cultures, religious harmony among different religious group etc. for the development of pilgrimage tourism in the study area however, many challenges like poor infrastructures (road, communication, markets, hotels and accommodations), quality food, security services, public awareness, advertisement and publicity, safe water and sanitation are the notable problems faced by the pilgrimage tourists as well as local communities in the study area.
Gender Dynamics and Women’s Decision-Making Power in Local Governance: A Study of Development in Surkhet
Authors: Shahi Bhupendra Bahadur
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the gender dynamics in local governance, particularly focusing on women’s development decision-making for sustainable development, equal representation, and creativity, reducing conflicts and improving decision-making process for both women and society. However, a lack of effective women’s involvement in local government decision-making is hindering the attainment of democracy and equal representation for all citizens. This paper has utilized a mixed-methods research design, combining quantative and qualitative data sources by using both primary and secondary data. In Nepal, the federal Constitution 2015 has significantly enhanced women’s political participation, highlighting their crucial role in political, socioeconomic, and developmental activities for improving the quality of life. However, women’s participation in planning, implementation, and evaluation process is still in the infancy stage. The lack of education, political commitment, existing social structure, and judicial systems are the primary reasons for the inability to enhance their political rights. The paper proposes the implementation of policy advocacy and awareness programs aimed at enhancing women’s involvement in decision-making processes, especially marginalized women in rural municipalities of Surkhet.
Analyzing Barriers to ICT Integration in Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Joshi Bishnu Maya , Khatiwada Shambhu Prasad
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the barriers to the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in higher education in Nepal through a systematic review. The term ICT integration in higher education involves integrating digital technologies into teaching, learning, research, administration, and institutional management to enhance educational processes, outcomes, and experiences. The review has focused on studies conducted between 2020 and 2024 to address barriers to the integration of ICT in higher education, which are included in this paper. The study has used a thematic analysis approach to examine and compare barriers in 21 selected articles across various educational contexts. This review highlights the challenges of ICT in enhancing educational outcomes, including inadequate infrastructure, high technology costs, and a lack of digital literacy among educators and students. The paper also reveals the disparities in ICT access across various regions and educational levels, which have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The finding emphasizes the need for enhanced infrastructure, targeted professional development, and strategic policy interventions to fully harness the transformative potential of ICT in education. The paper suggests tackling the challenges preventing equitable access to digital education.
Dynamics of Population, Agricultural Land, and Vegetated Areas in the Central to Eastern Mountain and Hill Districts of Nepal
Authors: Chidi Chhabi Lal , Shrestha Uttam Sagar , Sharma Puspa , Shrestha Prajwal , Shrestha Sujata
Published: January 2025

Depopulation and agricultural land abandonment are the common occurrences in rural mountainous regions worldwide. In Nepal increased wilderness is evident due to the conversion of cultivated land into forest, shrubs, and grassland. This study focuses on the central and eastern mountainous and Hill districts; where most districts have experienced negative population growth in the past two decades. Land use/ land cover maps were obtained from Lands at 8 image classification while population was collected from the National Statistical Office of Nepal. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was downloaded from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and topographic maps were also collected from the Survey Department of Nepal. A reality check Approach was adopted for ground verification. Maps of population, land use/ land cover, cultivated land, vegetated area, elevation, slope gradient, and slope aspect were developed. Based on these maps, changes in the spatial distribution of population, land use/ land cover, cultivated land, and vegetated area were identified and calculated. This study has revealed a significant decrease in population in higher altitudes and hill slope areas. This has resulted in large parts of cultivated lands being abandoned in this region and most excessive abandonment with the most extensive abandonment occurring in areas with marginal slop land. These lands are now converting into forests, shrubs, and grassland. It is concluded that agricultural land abandonment in the study area should not be considered solely based on physical marginality and accessibility but rather through a holistic approach that accounts for complex variability in these factors.
Enhancing Apple Production and Market Linkages in Mountain Regions: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Mahat Dhana Krishna
Published: January 2025

This article reviews the current state of apple production in mountain regions, emphasizing the challenges faced by farmers and the opportunities to enhance market linkages. Based on case studies at the municipal level of Jumla district and existing literature, the study identifies key factors influencing production and market access. It proposes strategies for improvement, and highlights the importance of sustainable practices for the development of apple production, market linkage and sustainable agriculture in rural areas. Spatial locations of the study area are relatively safe from different kinds of risks and viable for apple farming at commercial level. Further, the natural, cultural and ecological conditions of these specific locations are suitable to promote organic apple farming with agro-based enterprises development activities. Study clearly evinces that capacity development of apple cultivation farmers needs to enhance for increasing apple production and marketing in wright for livelihood improvement and ecological stability in the mountain region. It is suggested that municipal annual plan needs to prioritize apple production and make link mechanism development for the rapid economic development (growth), social change and environmental balance.
Gender-Based Inequality in Faculty Job Satisfaction at the Central Department of Education
Authors: Koirala Padma , Khatiwada Shambhu Prasad
Published: January 2025

This paper analyzes the gender-based inequalities in faculty job satisfaction at the Central Department of Education. Gender-based inequality in job satisfaction refers to the disparities in perceived work-related contentment, fulfillment, and overall satisfaction between male and female faculty members in academic institutions. The study aims to identify factors influencing job satisfaction among male and female academic staff in a university setting, focusing on their significance for both genders. A cross-sectional quantitative research method has been employed by utilizing a census survey of 104 faculty members at the Central Department of Education. This paper has analyzed job satisfaction through a six-point Likert scale (JSS), considering factors such as pay promotion, supervision, and work conditions. The findings reveal that male faculties have higher levels of total job satisfaction (92.86%) compared to their female counterparts. The study has found a significant difference in satisfaction with contingent rewards and operating conditions among female faculty at a p-value of less than 0.05. This paper has utilized an independent T test which makes it possible to identify gender disparities in fringe benefits, operating conditions, and communication. The paper suggests that gender-sensitivity in job satisfaction patterns is a complex issue that necessitates more targeted policy measures to reduce workplace gender inequality.
Clinical assessment of the changes in corneal endothelium cell density, IOP and correlated factors after phakic iol implantation
Authors:   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Eye Microsurgery, Yusupov A.F. , Karimova M.Kh. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Eye Microsurgery, Zaynutdinov N.N. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Eye Microsurgery, Kamilov Kh. M. ,   Center for the Development of Professional Qualifications of Medical Workers, Kasimova M.S. ,   Center for the Development of Professional Qualifications of Medical Workers
Published: January 2025

Background. Refractive errors are leading pathology of visual organ among active age population. Myopia is one of the main causes of disability and blindness.
Purpose. To assess the clinical outcomes of changes in endothelial cell density, intraocular pressure (IOP), and correlated factors after phakic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with high myopia during the 6-month postoperative period.
Material and Methods. In this observational study, 58 eyes of 30 patients were investigated after spheric implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation. The main clinical outcomes were uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, endothelial cell density, intraocular pressure, and correlated factors. In this study, all patients’ postoperative outcomes were evaluated at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.
Results. In total, 58 eyes of 30 patients underwent spheric ICL model implantation at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Eye Microsurgery from January 2023 to June 2023. The mean age of patients was 27.52±6.61. The mean preoperative manifest spherical equivalent was -10.59±3.41 D, respectively, which postoperative spherical refractive measures reduced to -0.92±0.37 D. The mean IOP was 15.9±1.92 mm Hg preoperatively. The mean IOP has changed until 15.86±3.3 mm Hg during the 6-month post-operative period.
Conclusion. Implantable collamer lens implantation is a safe, effective, and alternative refractive surgery for correction of high myopia in patients with thin corneas and several contraindications for laser correction.
Свобода людини в християнській богословській доктрині
Authors: Панкевич Олег
Published: January 2025

Стаття присвячена аналізу богословсько-правових аспектів феномену свободи людини. Акцентується увага на морально-ціннісну амбівалентність соціальної свободи (на відміну від духовної свободи) у розумінні Католицької Церкви та Православної Церкви.
Інституційні складові верховенства права: концептуальні засади конституційного реформування
Authors: Максимов Сергій
Published: January 2025

У статті досліджуються інституційні основи верховенства права як в концептуально-теоретичному, так і в інструментально-практичному аспектах. Розглядаються головні теоретичні підходи до визначення верховенства права. Визначаються особливості верховенства права в міжнародному аспекті. Розглядається співвідношення між нормативною і інституційною складовими верховенства права.
Decentralized Cooperation in Governance: Evaluating the Role of Local Self-Governments and Regioan Development Organizations in the European Union
Authors: Петришин Олег
Published: January 2025

This article examines the dynamics between local self-governments and regional development organizations within the European Union, elucidating the implications of decentralization on regional development and governance. Drawing from comprehensive literature, including studies from the DFID, COR, European Parliament, and OECD, the research underscores the potential of cooperative governance. The conclusion projects the transformative potential of EU practices for countries like Ukraine, emphasizing the opportunities that inter-municipal cooperation, adaptive governance models, and EU support structures present.
Охоронний договір на пам’ятки культурної спадщини як різновид адміністративного договору
Authors: Балакарєва Ірина
Published: January 2025

У статті досліджується правова природа охоронного договору на пам’ятки культурної спадщини. Зокрема, визначається, що охоронний договір установлює режим використання конкретного об’єкту культурної спадщини, в тому числі обмежуючий обсяг прав власності. Слід враховувати, що у справі забезпечення охорони пам’яток архітектури пріоритет має надаватись саме ідеї збереження цього фонду, а не приватним інтересам окремих осіб. Робиться висновок, що стосовно пам’яток архітектури при набутті права власності на них існують певні особливості, пов’язані з їх специфічним статусом. До таких особливостей віднесено: погодження з відповідним органом охорони культурної спадщини відчуження пам’ятки архітектури, обов’язок укладання з органом охорони культурної спадщини охоронного договору на пам’ятку архітектури та додаткові зобов’язання, які на себе бере новий власник щодо утримання пам’ятки архітектури. Автором виокремлюються характерні риси охоронного договору. Зазначається, що охоронному договору на пам’ятки культурної спадщини притаманні усі ознаки адміністративного договору. Охоронний договір укладається насамперед для збереження і використання об’єктів культурної спадщини у суспільному житті, в інтересах нинішнього та майбутнього поколінь, тобто, для задоволення публічного інтересу, та не носить майнового характеру. Охоронний договір має не тільки особливий предмет – пам’ятку культурної спадщини, правовий режим якої відрізняється від інших об’єктів цивільного обігу, а крім того, характеризується особливим суб’єктним складом – однією зі сторін охоронного договору виступає орган охорони культурної спадщини, який володіє владними повноваженнями, тощо.
ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ЗАКЛАДІВ ОСВІТИ ДЛЯ ОСІБ З ОСОБЛИВИМИ ОСВІТНІМИ ПОТРЕБАМИ В УКРАЇНІ: ІСТОРИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Линдіна Є.Ю.
Published: January 2025

Історія становлення та розвитку закладів освіти для осіб з особливими освітніми потребами в Україні бере свій початок з давніх часів. Відповідно до виділених історичних періодів у статті простежується зміна ставлення суспільства і держави до осіб з особливими освітніми потребами. Від архаїчного періоду до Х століття можна спостерігати як до таких осіб змінюється відношення населення. З X по XIII століття розвивається князівська, церковна та монастирська опіка над особами з особливими освітніми потребами. У період з XIV до другої половини XVII століття формуються державні підходи до опіки та виховання осіб з різними психофізичними порушеннями. Перші спроби створення спеціальних навчальних закладів для дітей з порушеннями мовлення простежуються у другій половині ХІХ століття. У другій чверті ХХ століття система спеціальної освіти отримує поштовх та починає розвиток. У 90-х роках ХХ століття в нашій країні почали впроваджувати ідеї інклюзивної освіти. Дослідження показало, що на кожному історичному етапі розвитку людства ставлення до осіб із особливими освітніми потребами в Україні і світі було різним.
СОЦІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ДІТЕЙ З МЕНТАЛЬНИМИ ПОРУШЕННЯМИ В ІНКЛЮЗИВНОМУ ОСВІТНЬОМУ ПРОСТОРІ
Authors: Матющенко І.М.
Published: January 2025

У статті розглянуті теоретичні підходи щодо визначення проблеми соціалізації та адаптації дітей з ментальними порушеннями в інклюзивному освітньому просторі. Доведено, що діти з ментальними порушеннями мають значні труднощі у плані адаптації в нове соціальне середовище, що значною мірою впливає на соціально-психологічну адаптованість дітей зазначеної категорії  в нову соціальну групу (клас).
Висвітлено суть поняття, види та механізми соціалізації та адаптації дітей з ментальними порушеннями в загальній та спеціальній  психолого-педагогічній літературі. Розглянуто питання включення дітей з ментальними порушеннями в інклюзивний освітній простір в сучасній системі освіти.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ В УЧНІВ 1-4 КЛАСІВ З ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНИМИ ПОРУШЕННЯМИ
Authors: Омельянович І. М.
Published: January 2025

В статті розглянуто особливості формування математичної компетентності в учнів 1-4 класів з інтелектуальними порушеннями. Обгрунтовано, що концепція «Нова українська школа» забезпечує оптимальні умови для навчання, виховання та розвитку учнів означеної категорії.
У контексті розкрито поняття «компетентність», «компетентнісний підхід», «математична компетентність» та висвітлено ключові питання компетентнісного підходу в навчанні дітей у сучасних нормативних освітніх документах України, а також зазначено, що модернізація освіти на основі впровадження компетентнісного підходу дає змогу привести національну систему освіти у відповідність до європейських вимог та посилює практичну спрямованість освіти.
Автор наголошує, що теоретичні напрацювання вітчизняних і зарубіжних науковців доводять ефективність упровадження компетентнісного підходу в шкільну освіту завдяки його різноманітності, багатогранності, системності і комплексності, що сприяє ефективності освітнього процесу та наповнює його практичним змістом.
Математична компетентність – це елементарні знання про простір, форму, розмір, час, кількість, їх властивості та стосунки, які необхідні для розвитку у учнів з інтелектуальними порушеннями життєвих та наукових понять, які дадуть змогу їм успішно навчатися в подальшому та соціалізуватися в суспільному житті.
Наголошено на необхідності використання новітніх технологій педагогічної діяльності для формування математичної компетентності в учнів початкових класів з інтелектуальними порушеннями.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НЕТРАДИЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У КОРЕКЦІЙНІЙ РОБОТІ З ДІТЬМИ З ПОРУШЕННЯМИ МОВЛЕННЯ
Authors: Співак А. Г.
Published: January 2025

У статті аналізується використання нетрадиційних технологій в логопедичній роботі з дітьми з мовленнєвими порушеннями. Зокрема такі методи, як логоритміка, казкотерапія та музикотерапія, які використовуються для вдосконалення й оптимізації процесів корекції порушень мовленнєвого розвитку у дітей.  Зазначено, що логопедична робота із включенням логоритмічних завдань має позитивні результати у розвитку мовлення дітей. Досліджено досвід сучасних теоретиків та практиків арт-терапії, які наголошують на актуальності проблем казкотерапевтичних методів роботи та ефективності її використання у логопедичній роботі з дітьми з мовленнєвими порушеннями. Встановлено, що музикотерапія позитивно впливає на розвиток гармонійної особистості дитини через вплив на комунікативні та інтелектуальні здібності, емоційно-почуттєву сферу, психофізіологічний стан. Охарактеризовано форми музикотерапії.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МОВЛЕННЄВОГО РОЗВИТКУ ДІТЕЙ З ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНИМИ ПОРУШЕННЯМИ
Authors: Синьов В.М. , Маркусь І.С. , Геращенко С.І.
Published: January 2025

Стаття присвячена питанню особливостей  становлення і розвитку мовлення у їдітей з інтелектуальними порушеннями. У статті проаналізовані їрізні погляди науковців щодо визначення специфічних порушень їмовлення та особливостей засвоєння дошкільниками з інтелектуальними їпорушеннями системи фонетичних, лексичних і граматичних узагальнень, їщо позначаються на стані їхнього імпресивного та їекспресивного мовлення.
У статті зазначено, що оволодіння мовленням дітьми дошкільного віку з інтелектуальними порушеннями відбувається повільно та своєрідно. На кожному етапі мовленнєвого розвитку дошкільники з інтелектуальними порушеннями відчувають певні труднощі у засвоєнні тих чи інших одиниць мовлення. Це пов’язано з суттєвим недорозвиненням провідних психічних процесів та обмеженим мовленнєвим досвідом у дітей з інтелектуальними порушеннями. Недостатня чіткість слухового сприймання, недосконалість аналітико-синтетичної діяльності, обмеженість мовленнєвого і чуттєвого досвіду ускладнюють оволодіння дітьми з інтелектуальними порушеннями усіма видами мовленнєвої діяльності .
У тексті статті наголошено, що результати аналізу наукових досліджень та вивчення практичного досвіду з даного питання доводять необхідність подальших досліджень визначення стану та  особливостей мовленнєвого розвитку дітей дошкільного віку з інтелектуальними порушеннями, що дозволить побудувати ефективну систему корекційно-розвиткової та логопедичної роботи.
АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНІ ТА ДОПОМІЖНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ: ДОСВІД І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ У ВІТЧИЗНЯНОМУ БЕЗБАР’ЄРНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ ОСІБ ІЗ ОСОБЛИВОСТЯМИ ПСИХОФІЗИЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Швалюк Т. М. , Марченко І. С.
Published: January 2025

У статті окреслено проблему застосування альтернативних і допоміжних технологій у вітчизняному безбар’єрному просторі осіб із особливостями психофізичного розвитку. Визначено категорію осіб із особливостями психофізичного розвитку, які можуть бути потенційними користувачами альтернативних і допоміжних засобів комунікації. Здійснено ґрунтовний аналіз спеціальної науково-теоретичної і програмно-методичної літератури з цього питання. З’ясовано, що означена проблема є малорозробленою та актуальною. Розкрито історію становлення альтернативної і допоміжної комунікації в Україні, роль вітчизняних державних і громадських організацій в рамках міжнародних проєктів щодо впровадження підтримуючої комунікації осіб із особливостями психофізичного розвитку в освітньому та інформаційно-цифровому просторі, роль закладів вищої освіти щодо впровадження в навчальний процес на першому «бакалаврському» та другому «магістерському» рівнях вищої освіти відповідних дисциплін з вивчення альтернативної і допоміжної комунікації, проведенні відповідних курсів підвищення кваліфікації вчителів-логопедів, психологів, соціальних працівників, асистентів вчителя та ін., здійсненні наукової роботи в цьому напрямку. Згідно Національної стратегії впровадження безбар’єрного простору в Україні, визначено перспективи подальшого розвитку та впровадження альтернативних і допоміжних технологій у життя осіб із особливостями психофізичного розвитку, з метою їх доступу до інформації в різних форматах та з використанням різних асистивних технологій.