bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Media': menos gurús, más formación
Authors: Sivera Sílvia
Published: February 2021

¿El artículo más corto publicado nunca en COMeIN? Eso espero porque la intención es que “leáis” con interés los vídeos que contiene. Corresponden a las Píldoras social media UOC que ofrecimos en Madrid y en Valencia y que se enmarcan en el máster universitario de Social Media: Gestión y Estrategia. La matrícula ya está abierta y el curso se inicia el 18 de octubre de 2017.
Effect of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Enrichment on Physicochemical and Textural Properties of Cake
Authors: Saklani Anuj , Kaushik Ravinder , Chawla Prince , Kumar Naveen , Kumar Mukul
Published: February 2021

Taro is a plant widely produced in tropical areas for its underground corms and it is used mainly as a vegetable. Its physicochemical, sensory properties and health benefits led to its use in value-added products. The cake is a high value-added bakery product and it needs a lower amount of gluten protein, therefore, taro flour (TF) was supplemented in wheat flour (WF) at different levels (10, 20, 30 and 40%). In connection with this, the incorporation of taro flour into wheat-based products has been reported to increase their nutritional and textural quality. The taro-supplemented cake showed higher mineral and fiber content, however, reduced caloric value. It was observed that taro supplementation reduced gluten and protein content and had higher oil and water binding capacity, therefore suitable for cake preparation. Taro cake had improved texture and sensory characteristics in comparison to wheat cake. It can be concluded that addition of taro for cake preparation improves nutrition and quality characteristics, therefore, it can be recommended to use taro for cake preparation.
The Effect of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) Flour Addition on Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of an Indonesian-Style Beef Meatball
Authors: Widati Aris Sri , Rosyidi Djalal , Radiati Lilik Eka , Nursyam Happy
Published: February 2021

The objective of this work was to study the effect of seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) our addition on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of an Indonesian-style beef meatball. Seaweed flour (SF) was added to meatball batter at 0% (CON), 2.5% (SF2.5), 5.0% (SF5) and 7.5% (SF7.5) in weight/meat weight (w/w) basis. Proximate composition (moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and ash content), pH, cooking loss, hardness, water-holding capacity, instrumental color and sensory properties (color, texture, aroma, taste and overall acceptability) of the boiled meatballs were evaluated. The effect of seaweed our addition was very significant (P<0.01) on moisture, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, cooking loss, hardness, water holding capacity, lightness (L*), yellowness (b*) and all sensory properties, and was significant (P<0.05) on crude protein, pH and the redness (a*) of a boiled Indonesian-style beef meatball. The addition of seaweed flour at more than 2.5% resulted in darker meatballs, with less protein and fat, and a stronger seaweed aroma. The results suggest that seaweed flour could be added at 2.5% (w/w) to produce an Indonesian-style beef meatball with enhanced ber content.
A remote sensing derived data set of 100 million individual tree crowns for the National Ecological Observatory Network
Authors: Weinstein Ben G , Marconi Sergio , Bohlman Stephanie A , Zare Alina , Singh Aditya , Graves Sarah J , White Ethan P
Published: February 2021

Forests provide biodiversity, ecosystem, and economic services. Information on individual trees is important for understanding forest ecosystems but obtaining individual-level data at broad scales is challenging due to the costs and logistics of data collection. While advances in remote sensing techniques allow surveys of individual trees at unprecedented extents, there remain technical challenges in turning sensor data into tangible information. Using deep learning methods, we produced an open-source data set of individual-level crown estimates for 100 million trees at 37 sites across the United States surveyed by the National Ecological Observatory Network’s Airborne Observation Platform. Each canopy tree crown is represented by a rectangular bounding box and includes information on the height, crown area, and spatial location of the tree. These data have the potential to drive significant expansion of individual-level research on trees by facilitating both regional analyses and cross-region comparisons encompassing forest types from most of the United States.
Association between Triglyceride Glucose Index and Insulin Resistance among Thai Obese Adolescents
Authors: Somdee Thidarat , Mahaweerawat Udomsak , Mahaweerawat Chatchada , Yangyuen Suneerat
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Global adolescence obesity is considered as the risk factor associated with the development of Insulin Resistance (IR). And, Triglyceride Glucose (TyG) index has been used as an alternative tool to estimate IR. Thailand has also encountered the same trend especially the adolescence obesity risk is increasing because of malconsumption behaviour. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the TyG index and IR among Thai adolescents. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 obese adolescents selected from the Obesity Outpatient Clinic of Mahasarakham Provincial Public Health Office during 2009 to 2013. Anthropometric and IR risk factors were measured. The TyG index was calculated as in {fasting Triglycerides (TG) (mg/dL)×fasting blood sugar (mg/dL)}/2, while IR was estimated by Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Data were analysed by using a multiple logistics regression at 0.05 level of significance running with STATA version 13.0 software. Results: All subjects were divided into tertile groups based on the TyG index to analyse statistically significant differences (p<0.05). ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences in IR risk factors (Basal Metabolic Index, Fasting Blood Sugar level, and Triglyceride level) among the groups. Both TyG index and HOMA-IR level were statistically highly significant among the tertiles (p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that TyG index can be used as an association factor for IR, in a fully adjusted model after adjusting BMI and Tricep thickness (3.06; 95% CI 1.780, 5.170; p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the TyG index were significantly associated with IR in thai obese adolescents hence, supporting the use of TyG index as a surrogate marker for IR.
Type and timing of exercise during lunch breaks for suppressing postprandial increases in blood glucose levels in workers
Authors: Yoko Nishiyama , Hiroshi Yamato , Ying Jiang
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia may aid in preventing lifestyle-related diseases in working people. The present study aimed to identify the types and timings of exercises that can be performed by working people during a 60-minute lunch break that are effective in attenuating postprandial increases in blood glucose levels.

Methods

Healthy working people aged 20 years and older were subjected to aerobic (AER) or resistance (RES) exercise before (Pre) and after (Post) lunch, assuming a 60-minute lunch break, with fixed 20-minute lunch and rest periods. These exercise sessions of 4 different patterns were performed by each participant. Serial measurements of blood glucose levels were obtained every 15 minute using a Flash Glucose Monitoring System.

Results

Data were analyzed for 11 participants who completed the protocol. Our incremental area under the curve (IAUC) analysis indicated that the AER-Post condition was associated with the most significant hypoglycemic effect, followed by the AER-Pre condition. Although the RES-Post showed no significant difference, a decrease in the IAUC comparison is apparent. However, the RES-Pre condition exerted no acute effect on blood glucose levels.

Conclusions

Workers may benefit from a 20-minute aerobic exercise period, following a 20-minute lunch and a 20-minute rest period, as this may help prevent progression to diabetes. Furthermore, performing 20-minute aerobic exercises prior to lunch may also attenuate postprandial increases in blood glucose levels. Therefore, if the lunch breaks are short, aerobic exercises are recommended before lunch.
Wheat‐ghretropins: novel ghrelin‐releasing peptides derived from wheat protein
Authors: Tanikawa Kana , Kaneko Kentaro , Abe Shimon , Nakato Jyunya , Tokuyama Yuki , Odaka Sayano , Iwakura Hiroshi , Sato Masaru , Kurabayashi Atsushi , Suzuki Hideyuki , Makita Miki , Ikemoto Hiroyuki , Matsumura Shigenobu , Inoue Kazuo , Ohinata Kousaku
Published: February 2021

Ghrelin is an endogenous orexigenic hormone mainly produced by stomach cells and is reported to influence appetite, gastrointestinal motility and growth hormone secretion. We observed that enzymatic digest of wheat gluten stimulated ghrelin secretion from mouse ghrelinoma 3‐1, a ghrelin‐releasing cell line. Further on, we characterized the ghrelin‐releasing peptides present in the digest by comprehensive peptide analysis using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and structure–activity relationship. Among the candidate peptides, we found that SQQQQPVLPQQPSF, LSVTSPQQVSY and YPTSL stimulated ghrelin release. We then named them wheat‐ghretropin A, B and C, respectively. In addition, we observed that wheat‐ghretropin A increased plasma ghrelin concentration and food intake in mice after oral administration. Thus, we demonstrated that wheat‐ghretropin stimulates ghrelin release both in vitro and in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a wheat‐derived exogenous bioactive peptide that stimulates ghrelin secretion.
Reversible Emission Tunability from 2D‐Layered Perovskites with Conjugated Organic Cations
Authors: Dhanabalan Balaji , Pothuraju Renuka D. , Marras Sergio , Pasquale Lea , Manna Liberato , Krahne Roman , Arciniegas Milena P.
Published: February 2021

The structural flexibility of 2D‐layered halide perovskites provides unprecedented opportunities for tuning their optical properties. For example, lattice distortions facilitate white emission that stems from self‐trapped excitons or defects, and organic cations and halides determine structural stability and emission range. Herein, the optical properties of a set of single‐layer thiophene‐based 2D lead bromide platelets are investigated. Blue‐ and white‐emitting materials based on the choice of thiophene cation and HBr concentration in the synthesis and reversible white to blue color switching by sequential washing and precursor exposure of the fabricated samples are obtained. The photophysical and structural studies indicate that the key to color switching is the formation and suppression of self‐trapped excitons by the supply and removal of cations and halides in acetone. The range of emission color from these materials is extended to red by efficient Mn doping that leads to an additional strong emission peak centered at 620 nm. The findings stimulate the development of color‐tunable and switchable light emitters based on a single material.
Visible Light‐Induced [3+2] Cyclization Reactions of Hydrazones with Hypervalent Iodine Diazo Reagents for the Synthesis of 1‐Amino‐1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Dong Jun‐Ying , Wang He , Mao Shukuan , Wang Xin , Zhou Ming‐Dong , Li Lei
Published: February 2021

In this study, visible‐light‐induced [3+2] cyclization reactions of hydrazones with hypervalent iodine diazo reagents as diazomethyl radical precursors are reported. Mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility were observed. Furthermore, the synthetic utility was demonstrated by gram‐scale synthesis and elaboration to several value‐added products. This protocol broadens the scope of diazo chemistry, and is applicable to the late‐stage functionalization of natural products.

magnified image
Self‐Powered Drug‐Delivery Systems Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Liu Zhirong , Li Linlin
Published: February 2021

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can convert mechanical energy into electricity via the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. Due to its advantages of flexible, lightweight, high‐energy conversion efficiency and shape‐adaptive ability, implantable and wearable TENG have shown great potentials in biomedical field for biomechanical energy harvesting, biosensing, and therapy. In this Perspective, recent advances of TENG for self‐powered drug delivery, mainly including controlled drug release as well as drug delivery based on electroporation and iontophoresis are systematically overviewed. Also the significance of self‐powered drug‐delivery system in personalized healthcare is emphasized, and conclude with the open challenges and future perspectives of TENG‐based drug‐delivery systems.
Seeds enriched with molybdenum improve cowpea yield in sub‐humid tropical regions of Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Ester P. A. , Sodré Danilo N. , Braun Heder , Vieira Rogério F.
Published: February 2021

The possible benefits of molybdenum (Mo)‐enriched seeds for grain legumes have yet to be addressed in sub‐humid tropical areas, where cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is an important crop. In 2016, seeds with 0.014 (low), 0.674, or 1.987 (high) μg seed−1 of Mo were harvested from plants sprayed with 0, 250, or 850 g ha–1 of Mo, respectively. These seeds were combined with either Bradyrhizobium inoculation (with or without) in 2017 or nitrogen (0 or 60 kg ha−1) in 2018 and evaluated under small farmer management in Maranhão State, Brazil. Maximum nodules plant−1 in these trials was 5.2. In 2017, inoculation acted synergistically with Mo‐enriched seeds by increasing nodule weight. Averaged across inoculation levels, plants originated from high‐Mo seeds had 36% higher leaf N concentration than those raised from low‐Mo seeds. Inoculation did not affect yield, but plants grown from high‐Mo seeds yielded 42% more than those raised from low‐Mo seeds. In 2018, seed Mo content did not affect nodule and yield where urea was applied. However, without urea, plants raised from high‐Mo seeds had 3.5‐fold greater values for nodule number and weight and yielded 70% more than those grown from low‐Mo seeds. We conclude that using Mo‐enriched seeds associated with Bradyrhizobium inoculation would improve cowpea N nutrition and yield in a sustainable way.
Safety and efficacy of cold‐water immersion in the treatment of older patients with heat stroke: a case series
Authors: Ito Chikao , Takahashi Isao , Kasuya Miyuki , Oe Kyoji , Uchino Masahito , Nosaka Hideki , Sakamoto So , Yoshida Ryuhei , Kasuya Satoshi , Fujimori Daisuke , Nakamura Satoshi , Yamada Eri , Kanda Jun
Published: February 2021

Background

Heat stroke treatment focuses on rapid cooling because symptom severity correlates with the duration of hyperthermia (i.e., time during which the core body temperature is sustained above the critical threshold). Several reports have revealed that cold‐water immersion is a safe and appropriate therapy for exertional heat stroke in young, otherwise healthy patients. However, few reports have assessed cold‐water immersion in older patients. We document three cases of cold‐water immersion in older heat stroke patients and evaluate its safety and efficacy.

Case presentation

Three older patients with severe heat stroke were treated with cold‐water immersion. Core body temperatures decreased rapidly, and no complications occurred during the treatment.

Conclusion

Cold‐water immersion can achieve rapid cooling and is effective in treating heat stroke. With special precautions, it can be performed safely for older patients. Further investigation is warranted to establish appropriate cooling methods in older adults.
Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Tetrasubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids Enabled by Cobalt(II) Catalysis: Scope and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Du Xiaoyong , Xiao Ye , Yang Yuhong , Duan Ya‐Nan , Li Fangfang , Hu Qi , Chung Lung Wa , Chen Gen‐Qiang , Zhang Xumu
Published: February 2021

Chiral carboxylic acids are important compounds because of their prevalence in pharmaceuticals, natural products and agrochemicals. Asymmetric hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids has been widely recognized as one of the most efficient synthetic approaches to afford such compounds. Although related asymmetric hydrogenation of di‐ and trisubstituted unsaturated acids with noble metals is well established, asymmetric hydrogenation of challenging tetrasubstituted α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids is rarely reported. We demonstrate enantioselective hydrogenation of cyclic and acyclic tetrasubstituted α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids via cobalt(II) catalysis. This protocol showed broad substrate scope and gave chiral carboxylic acids in good yields with excellent enantiocontrol (up to 98 % yield and 99 % ee). Combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies support a CoII catalytic cycle involving migratory insertion and σ‐bond metathesis processes. DFT calculations reveal that enantioselectivity may originate from the steric effect between the phenyl groups of the ligand and the substrate.
Potential‐Induced Spin Changes in Fe/N/C Electrocatalysts Assessed by In Situ X‐ray Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Saveleva Viktoriia A. , Ebner Kathrin , Ni Lingmei , Smolentsev Grigory , Klose Daniel , Zitolo Andrea , Marelli Elena , Li Jingkun , Medarde Marisa , Safonova Olga V. , Nachtegaal Maarten , Jaouen Frédéric , Kramm Ulrike I. , Schmidt Thomas J. , Herranz Juan
Published: February 2021

The commercial success of the electrochemical energy conversion technologies required for the decarbonization of the energy sector requires the replacement of the noble metal‐based electrocatalysts currently used in (co‐)electrolyzers and fuel cells with inexpensive, platinum‐group metal‐free analogs. Among these, Fe/N/C‐type catalysts display promising performances for the reduction of O2 or CO2, but their insufficient activity and stability jeopardize their implementation in such devices. To circumvent these issues, a better understanding of the local geometric and electronic structure of their catalytic active sites under reaction conditions is needed. Herein we shed light on the electronic structure of the molecular sites in two Fe/N/C catalysts by probing their average spin state with X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES). Chiefly, our in situ XES measurements reveal for the first time the existence of reversible, potential‐induced spin state changes in these materials.
Magnetic‐Field‐Stimulated Efficient Photocatalytic N2 Fixation over Defective BaTiO3 Perovskites
Authors: Zhao Zhao , Wang Dandan , Gao Rui , Wen Guobin , Feng Ming , Song Guangxin , Zhu Jianbing , Luo Dan , Tan Huaqiao , Ge Xin , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yujun , Zheng Lirong , Li Haibo , Chen Zhongwei
Published: February 2021

Efficient coupling solar energy conversion and N2 fixation by photocatalysis has been shown promising potentials. However, the unsatisfied yield rate of NH3 curbs its forward application. Defective typical perovskite, BaTiO3, shows remarkable activity under an applied magnetic field for photocatalytic N2 fixation with an NH3 yield rate exceeding 1.93 mg L−1 h−1. Through steered surface spin states and oxygen vacancies, the electromagnetic synergistic effect between the internal electric field and an external magnetic field is stimulated. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal the regulation of electronic and magnetic properties through manipulation of oxygen vacancies and inducement of Lorentz force and spin selectivity effect. The electromagnetic effect suppresses the recombination of photoexcited carriers in semiconducting nanomaterials, which acts synergistically to promote N2 adsorption and activation while facilitating fast charge separation under UV‐vis irradiation.
CBD activation of TRPV1 induces oxidative signaling and subsequent ER stress in breast cancer cell lines
Authors: de la Harpe Amy , Beukes Natasha , Frost Carminita L.
Published: February 2021

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an imbalance between the protein‐folding load and capacity of ER. It can be induced by various physiological conditions, activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) to re‐establish homeostasis, promoting cell survival. Under severe or chronic stress, apoptosis is induced. Normal cells generally do not experience continuous ER stress induction. The stressful conditions experienced in the tumor microenvironment facilitate chronic ER stress and UPR activation, which plays a pivotal role in tumour survival. Exacerbation of pre‐existing ER stress can trigger cancer cell death, with a minimal effect on normal cells. Current literature suggests that cannabinoid treatment may induce cancer cell death via ER stress; however, little is known about the mechanisms of induction. This study proposed that cannabidiol (CBD) mechanism occurred through the influx of Ca2+ via the TRPV1 receptor, and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production affects protein folding and induces ER stress. ER stress was induced, and detection and quantification were completed using Thioflavin T staining and GRP78 by western blot analysis. The effect of cannabinoid treatment on ROS production and Ca2+ influx was measured. CBD was the most potent ER stress inducer, significantly increasing Ca2+ and ROS accumulation. Concomitant treatment with CBD and an antioxidant significantly increased cell viability and decreased ER stress induction in the MCF7 cell line. Concomitant treatment with a TRPV1 antagonist increased viability in this cell line. In conclusion, the data suggested that CBD induced ER stress via Ca2+ influx through the TRPV1 receptor, thereby elevating intracellular ROS levels and disrupting protein folding.
Development and validation of LC–MS method for the determination of heptaethylene glycol monomethyl ether in benzonatate bulk drugs
Authors: Katakam Lakshmi Narasimha Rao , Ettaboina Santhosh Kumar , Marisetti Vishnu Murthy
Published: February 2021

A simple and isocratic reverse‐phase liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric method has been developed and validated for the determination of heptaethylene glycol monomethyl ether in benzonatate drug substance. Benzonatate is an oral antitussive drug used to relieve and suppress cough in patients older than 10 years. The presence of residual heptaethylene glycol monomethyl ether in the benzonatate drug substance affects the safety, strength, purity and quality of the drug substance. The subject compound separation was achieved using 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile (50:50 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. The Suplex PKB‐100 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm LC column was used for a better peak shape. Detection was carried out at anm/zvalue of 341. The linearity curve showed a correlation of coefficient of >0.999. The precision and intermediate precision (RSD) were <7.30. The accuracy values were >90% for all levels. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and found to be a novel, specific and sensitive analytical method for determination of components of interest.
Stabil: An educational Matlab toolbox for static and dynamic structural analysis
Authors: François Stijn , Schevenels Mattias , Dooms David , Jansen Miche , Wambacq Jef , Lombaert Geert , Degrande Geert , De Roeck Guido
Published: February 2021

The capability to analyze structures under static and dynamic loads is an essential skill for structural engineers. Structural analysis therefore is a key component in civil and architectural engineering education, where analytical methods are traditionally complemented by the use of (commercial) software packages. The latter are often closed source, which may obscure the links to the underlying matrix structural analysis or finite element formulation. To stimulate active, cooperative, and solution‐oriented learning, we developed Stabil, an electronic learning environment implemented as a Matlab toolbox. Stabil has an open structure to elucidate the links between theory and implementation and is presently used throughout the curricula of Civil and Architectural Engineering at KU Leuven. This paper explains the main principles of Stabil and discusses teaching experiences over the past 15 years. Stabil can be downloaded from http://bwk.kuleuven.be/bwm/stabil.
The accuracy of HPV genotyping in isolation and in combination with CD4 and HIV viral load for the identification of HIV‐infected women at risk for developing cervical cancer
Authors: Piyathilake Chandrika J. , Badiga Suguna , Burkholder Greer A. , Harada Shuko , Raper James L.
Published: February 2021

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype testing has limited utility to identify human immunodeficiency virus‐infected (HIV+) women's risk for developing cervical cancer (CC) due to high positivity rate of high‐risk (HR) HPVs. We investigated the accuracy of HPV testing in isolation/in combination with CD4 and HIV viral load (VL) to identify HIV+ women at risk for developing CC.

Methods

Study consisted of 344 HIV+ women on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), tested for cervical cytology/HPV using the Cobas test and had data on absolute CD4 count and VL measurements. We calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of HPV testing, pre‐, post‐cART, and current CD4 and VL in isolation and in combinations to identify those with or free of higher than atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS+) or low‐grade intraepithelial lesions (LSIL+).

Results

HPV test in combination with pre‐/post‐cART or current CD4 counts and VL had higher PPVs compared to HPV test alone for identifying ASCUS+ or LSIL+. PPV of HPV‐CD4 combinations yielded higher PPVs compared to HPV‐VL combinations. The NPVs with pre‐, post‐cART, or current CD4 count and VL in isolation or in combinations were comparable to that of HPV test alone.

Conclusions

Our results provide a more accurate tool for managing HIV+ women by combining Cobas HPV with CD4 and VL, especially those who had an undesirable pre‐cART CD4 and VL status. Our results also indicate the usefulness of CD4 and VL measurements to identify those at lower risk in the absence of HPV testing.
Unrevealed foreign body in the deep neck space: A case report
Authors: Borin Marco , Pignataro Lorenzo , Ibba Tullio , Di Cicco Maurizio , Folino Francesco , Marchisio Paola , Capaccio Pasquale , Torretta Sara
Published: February 2021

Clinical data provided by the patient are not always reliable or could be difficult to collect. In this case, a difficult history collection resulted in a diagnostic delay. Major complications were avoided performing an urgent surgical intervention.
Preparation of Metal Oxide‐based Oxygen Carriers Supported with CeO2 and γ‐Al2O3 for Chemical Looping Combustion
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Ayoub Muhammad , Aqsha Aqsha , Zulfiqar Muhammad
Published: February 2021

The development of efficient oxygen carriers (OCs) in chemical looping combustion (CLC) exhibited tremendous achievement considering inherent CO2 capture. The selectivity of CO2 in the CLC process depends on the performance of employed OCs during multiple redox cycles. Different types of OCs were prepared, including 5wt%Ni/5wt%Ce/γ‐Al2O3, 5wt%La/5wt%Ce/γ‐Al2O3, and 5wt%Pr/5wt%Ce/γ‐Al2O3, using the wet impregnation method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, temperature‐programmed reduction, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The redox reactivity of OCs was investigated through TGA and tubular furnace reactor. The as‐prepared OCs revealed higher thermal stability along with excellent oxygen capacity. Pr/Ce/γ‐Al2O3‐based OCs showed moderate oxygen capacity, which may increase by the addition of active metals.
Preparation of a novel hydroxypropyl‐γ‐cyclodextrin functionalized monolith for separation of chiral drugs in capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Deng Miaoduo , Xue Mengyao , Liu Yanru , Zhao Min
Published: February 2021

In this study, a novel hydroxypropyl‐γ‐cyclodextrin (HP‐γ‐CD) functionalized monolithic capillary column was prepared by one‐pot sequential strategy and used for chiral separation in capillary electrochromatography for the first time. In one pot, GMA‐HP‐γ‐CD as functional monomer was allowed to be formed via the ring opening reaction between HP‐γ‐CD and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) catalyzed by 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) and then copolymerized directly with ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in the presence of porogenic solvents via thermally initiated free radical polymerization. The preparation conditions of monoliths were optimized. Enantiomer separations of six chiral drugs including pindolol, clorprenaline, tulobuterol, clenbuterol, propranolol, and tropicamide were achieved on the monolith. Among them, pindolol, clorprenaline, and tropicamide were baseline separated with resolution values of 1.62, 1.73, and 1.55, respectively. The mechanism of enantiomer separation was discussed by comparison of the HP‐γ‐CD and HP‐β‐CD functionalized monoliths.
Percutaneous coronary intervention and 30‐day unplanned readmission with chest pain in the United States (Nationwide Readmissions Database)
Authors: Sykes RobertA. , Mohamed Mohamed O. , Kwok Chun Shing , Mamas Mamas A. , Berry Colin
Published: February 2021

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improves anginal chest pain in most, but not all, treated patients. PCI is associated with unplanned readmission for angina and non‐specific chest pain within 30‐days of index PCI. Patients with an index hospitalization for PCI between January–November in each of the years 2010–2014 were included from the United States Nationwide Readmissions Database. Of 2 723 455 included patients, the 30‐day unplanned readmission rate was 7.2% (n = 196 581, 42.3% female). This included 9.8% (n = 19 183) with angina and 11.1% (n = 21 714) with non‐specific chest pain. The unplanned readmission group were younger (62.2 vs 65.1 years; P < 0.001), more likely to be females (41.0% vs 34.2%; P < 0.001), from the lowest quartile of household income (32.9% vs 31.2%; P < 0.001), have higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors or have index PCI performed for non‐acute coronary syndromes (ACS) (OR:3.46, 95%CI 3.39–3.54). Factors associated with angina readmissions included female sex (OR:1.28, 95%CI 1.25–1.32), history of ischemic heart disease (IHD) (OR:3.28, 95%CI 2.95–3.66), coronary artery bypass grafts (OR:1.79, 95%CI 1.72–2.86), anaemia (OR:1.16, 95%CI 1.11–1.21), hypertension (OR:1.13, 95%CI 1.09, 1.17), and dyslipidemia (OR:1.10, 95%CI 1.06–1.14). Non‐specific chest pain compared with angina readmissions were younger (mean difference 1.25 years, 95% CI 0.99, 1.50), more likely to be females (RR:1.13, 95%CI 1.10, 1.15) and have undergone PCI for non‐ACS (RR:2.17, 95%CI 2.13, 2.21). Indications for PCI other than ACS have a greater likelihood of readmission with angina or non‐specific chest pain at 30‐days. Readmissions are more common in patients with modifiable risk factors, previous history of IHD and anaemia.
Aromaticity/Antiaromaticity Effect on Activity of Transition Metal Macrocyclic Complexes towards Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Ni Youxuan , Lu Yong , Zhang Kai , Chen Jun
Published: February 2021

The effect of the coordination sphere around metal centers on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of transition metal macrocyclic complexes is still unclear. Here, the aromaticity/antiaromaticity effect of macrocycles on ORR activity was investigated based on TM norcorrole (TM=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni), TM porphycene, and TM porphyrin by first‐principle calculations. It was found that the complexes with weaker aromatic macrocycles exhibited a stronger adsorption strength while the complexes with antiaromatic macrocycles showed further enhanced adsorption strengths. Further investigations indicated that the variation in the adsorption strengths of catalysts was attributed to the different redox activities of macrocycles with different aromaticities. Such difference in redox activities of macrocycles was reflected in the activities of metal centers via d–π conjugation, which acted as a bridge between π‐electrons on macrocycles and active d‐electrons on metal centers. This work deepens the understanding of the role of macrocycles in oxygen electroreduction.
Palynological evidence of Middle Pleistocene palaeoenvironmental changes from the ‘Buca dell’Onice’ flowstone (Alpi Apuane, Central Italy)
Authors: Bertini Adele , Piccini Leonardo , Ricci Marianna , Massini Marco
Published: February 2021

Buca dell’Onice di Monte Girello is a small cave located in the Alpi Apuane (central Italy). It preserves an exceptionally thick flowstone deposited intermittently during the Middle Pleistocene. Two main depositional cycles, separated by a physical discontinuity, have been recognised and described. This discontinuity and the top surface of the flowstone attest to two main phases of interrupted growth related to palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimate changes. Pilot palynological investigations support the existence of such changes. Despite the high number of barren pollen samples and the overall very low concentration of pollen grains per gram of sediment, palynology furnishes some interesting insights especially regarding floral composition, vegetation cover and local to regional climate. The pollen record also contributes to the definition of the stratigraphic distribution of taxa no longer growing in this area (i.e. Carya and Picea). According to the pollen assemblage characteristic of arboreal vegetation cover, the flowstone was deposited predominantly during humid phases under both warm and cool climate conditions (interglacials/interstadials and at the end of interglacials). The warm and cool phases correspond, respectively, to increases of mixed thermophilous forest taxa and montane arboreal taxa. On the other hand, the pollen record does not show the major expansion of open vegetation associated with the coldest and driest conditions, which apparently fall at the main middle discontinuity and at the top interruption of the flowstone. Previous data permit changes in precipitation to be identified as one of the major limiting factors for the growth of this flowstone, probably in a period including MISs 13‐10. The more significant lithological features of the flowstone as well as the vegetal and climate signatures suggest that its development principally represents a response to global events including teleconnections active between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic circulation, with minor contribution from local factors.
Program helps students with disabilities develop self‐sufficiency and community connection
Authors: Bannister Mary
Published: February 2021

Jan Goings, Director of the Transition and Access Program at the University of Cincinnati, explained how TAP helps students develop community and social connections, and tools for independent living and employment.
Colleges and universities cannot contract away ADA/504 obligations
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: February 2021

Colleges and universities have relied on adjunct professors to teach classes. But now, according to a recent article by Jon Marcus in the Washington Post (“More colleges and universities outsources services to for‐profit companies,” Jan. 8, 2021), nonprofit postsecondary institutions are turning to private, for‐profit companies for a variety of educational and noneducational services. But schools need to be aware that they cannot contract away the legal rights of students with disabilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
Boston On Track: Storytelling and ROI for community colleges
Authors: Zizzo Anne
Published: February 2021

More than ever before, higher education institutions are operating in an incredibly competitive environment, and community colleges need to be forward‐thinking and innovative. These days, effective higher education marketing campaigns are story‐rich and measurable across all aspects of the institution: advancement, community partnerships, employee recruitment, athletics, alumni relations, research, and innovation — not just enrollment. Covering such a diverse need is difficult to do, especially as marketing budgets tighten and the demand for student financial aid and scholarships continues to climb.
Mineral species and formation processes: Raman spectroscopic and microscopic analysis of stains from a late pleistocene continental drowned faunal bone assemblage, Central Chile
Authors: Cartajena Isabel , Celis Freddy , Flores‐Aqueveque Valentina , Pavez Jennifer , Carabias Diego , Simonetti Renato , Arancibia María José
Published: February 2021

In this study we address the analysis of bone staining and its sedimentary deposits to obtain a better understanding of the taphonomic trajectories of faunal assemblages in dynamic site formation processes. The fossil remains belong to continental fauna recovered at GNL Quintero 1, a Late Pleistocene drowned terrestrial site located nearshore at Quintero bay in the central coast of Chile (32° S). By conducting Raman spectroscopic and microscopic analyses we aim to identify the mineral compounds of bone staining and their sedimentary matrix, perform a first geochemical characterization of the depositional environments and carry out paleoenvironmental inferences. Stains are present on most remains and recur in a variety of colors, indicating the presence of minerals, such as hematite, goethite, pyrolusite, pyrite or marcasite, mackinawite, and greigite. Mineral species identified are associated with oxic and anoxic environments, suggesting that the bones and sediments underwent both sulfuricization and sulfidization processes. Spectroscopic data obtained suggest that the trajectory of the remains was much more dynamic than previously assumed. These geochemical scenarios of alternating oxidation and reduction reflects the diverse environments involved during the terrestrial phase, the transitional phase of rising sea level, and subsequently the marine phase.
Home and host distal context and performance appraisal in multinational enterprises: A 22 country study
Authors: Morley Michael J. , Murphy Kevin R. , Cleveland Jeanette N. , Heraty Noreen , McCarthy Jean
Published: February 2021

Context is a central construct in the study of performance appraisal (PA) systems, but to date studies linking the distal context within which organizations operate to PA have been limited in two ways. First, these studies have focused predominantly on national culture, and have paid less attention to the legal/political and economic environment within which organizations. Second, few studies reflect the growing international nature of business organizations, which create multiple layers of context (e.g., home and host country context). Drawing on both situational strength and institutional theories, we hypothesize the links between the “big three” facets of distal context (i.e., culture, legal/political, and economic) and the processes and purposes of PA systems. Using data from 472 multinational enterprises (MNEs) in 22 countries, we show that all three facets of the distal context of the host country influence decisions about the conduct of PA systems. In addition, we show that the culture and legal/political systems of the home country from which the MNE originated are also linked to the PA processes and purposes. Finally, we find evidence that MNEs are more likely to develop hybridized PA systems that depart from host country norms.
Development and validation of point‐of‐care testing of albuminuria for early screening of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Vutthikraivit Nuntanuj , Kiatamornrak Patcharakorn , Boonkrai Chatikorn , Pisitkun Trairak , Komolpis Kittinan , Puthong Songchan , Lumlertgul Nuttha , Peerapornratana Sadudee , Thanawattano Chusak , Tungsanga Somkanya , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Tungsanga Kriang , Eiam‐Ong Somchai , Srisawat Nattachai
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue. As the prevalence of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in Thailand is increasing, early detection and management of CKD is the most important step to prevent CKD progression and the need for RRT. Current diagnostic tests for CKD are non‐specific and expensive. We aimed to develop and validate antibody‐based‐albumin point‐of‐care testing (POCT) to detect patients with impaired kidney function at early stage.

Methods

The prototype strip test was developed under the concept of competitive lateral flow immunochromatography assay, or strip test. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to human serum albumin (HSA) were harvested from the hybridomas of spleen cells from immunized mice and mouse myeloma cells. Presence of MAbs was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spot urine was obtained from patients with kidney disease, type I, or type II Diabetes Mellitus upon their visit at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital during 2018–2019. All samples were analyzed for urine albumin with our POCT (CU microalbumin) and the other two commercial POCTs (Microalbu PHAN and MICRAL). The results were validated against standard method for urine microalbumin measurement. A urine microalbumin concentration of less than 20 ug/ml was defined as normal. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated in comparison with the standard laboratory method.

Result

A total of 100 adult patients were included. CU microalbumin had a sensitivity of 86%, a specificity of 94%, and a positive predictive value of 96%. Our POCT showed good correlation with the laboratory results.

Conclusion

CU microalbumin correlated well with the standard method for quantitative measurement of urine albumin. Therefore, it has the potential for early screening of CKD, especially in primary health care facilities in resource limited settings.
Modeling Complex Pharmacokinetics of Long‐Acting Injectable Products Using Convolution‐Based Models With Nonparametric Input Functions
Authors: Gomeni Roberto , Bressolle‐Gomeni Françoise
Published: February 2021

The interest in the development and the therapeutic use of long‐acting injectable (LAI) products for chronic or long‐term treatments has grown exponentially. The complexity and the multiphase drug release process represent serious issues for an effective modeling of the PK properties of LAI products. The objective of this article is to show how convolution‐based models with piecewise‐linear approximation of the nonlinear drug release function can provide an enhanced modeling tool for (1) characterizing the complex PK profiles of LAI formulations with completely different drug release properties, and (2) addressing key questions supporting the optimal development of LAI products by simulating the PK time course resulting from different dosing strategies. Convolution‐based modeling and simulation were implemented in NONMEM, and 3 case studies were presented to assess the performances of this new modeling approach using PK data of LAI products developed using different technologies and administered using different routes: microsphere technology and aqueous nanosuspension intramuscularly administered and biodegradable polymer subcutaneously administered. The performance of the convolution‐based modeling approach was compared with the performance of conventional parametric models using a reference data set on theophylline. The results of the comparison indicated that the nonparametric input function provided a more accurate description of the data either in terms of global measure of goodness of fit (ie, Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion) or in terms of performance of the fitted model (ie, the percent prediction error on Cmax and AUC0‐t).
A simple route for the synthesis of novel norcantharimide derivatives via acidolysis with hydrochloric acid(gas)
Authors: Köse Aytekin
Published: February 2021

In this work, seven new norcantharimide derivatives were synthesized by an acidolysis method. The compounds were prepared by acidolyzing trans‐1,4‐diacetate and trans‐1,2‐chloroacetate structures, which were obtained by stereospecific cleavage of the internal etheric bond of the tricyclic imides. The HCl(gas) was produced from the reaction of H2SO4 with NaCl. The resulting gas was bubbled into the reaction mixture. Trans‐1,4‐diacetate and trans‐1,2‐chloroacetate were thus acidolyzed, and the corresponding diol and halohydrin products were obtained respectively in moderate overall yields from low‐cost starting materials, using simple and easily scalable chemistry. The products were characterized by means of spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds have high potential as anticancer agents and can be valuable for studies in this area.
Assessing and optimizing decision‐making policies of India with public employment growth as a key indicator toward sustainable development goals using multicriteria mathematical modeling
Authors: Muneeb Syed Mohd , Nomani Mohammad , Asim Zainab , Adhami Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Multicriteria mathematical modeling is an analytical framework for formally describing real‐life problems involving multiple and conflicting objectives. In the past decade, multicriteria decision‐making techniques have been applied in almost every area of the decision‐making including energy‐economic planning and sustainable development. Various mathematical and analytical models have been presented for the sustainable development planning and their assessment. In this paper, we discuss an approach related to multicriteria decision‐making and apply it for the assessment of the sustainable development goals of India by the year 2030. In the INDC report submitted to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2015, http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/India/1/INDIA%20INDC%20TO%20UNFCCC.pdf), India has identified many goals related to the sustainable development like energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, GVA growth, and an increase in the employment by the year 2030. This paper overcomes the energy resource allocation problem in related literature due to the lack of sectorial data for the same year by calculating the estimates for each sector for the year 2030. We presented a multicriteria decision‐making model which allocates public labor force in the key economic sectors of India. The presented model is validated with the data of the key economic sectors and their contribution in the identified goals. The paper provides a decision support for the better management of future sustainable policies by assessing the efficiencies of the current policies toward future sustainable goals. We evaluated the identified goals using the multicriteria decision‐making approaches so that the strategic planning can be implemented by the policy makers and to present a quantitative justification of planning strategies.